bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriate Terminology for the Time Elapsed From Avulsion of a Permanent Tooth to Replantation: A Scoping Review and Delphi Consensus
Authors: Tewari Nitesh , Garima Jhunjhunwala , O'Connell Anne , Sharawat Nidhi , Rahul Morankar , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Haldar Partha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe prognosis of an avulsed permanent tooth depends on the time elapsed from injury to replantation in the injured socket. Wide variability exists in the terminologies used to describe this period. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and categorize the terminologies related to this aspect of tooth avulsion, grade the explanations provided by the authors, and develop a consensus about the most appropriate terminology through a Delphi approach.MethodsThis study involved a scoping review to identify and analyze the terminologies. It was performed according to PRISMA‐ScR with a systematic search performed in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science. The terminologies were extracted, categorized, and evaluated for correctness. On the basis of the results of the review and expert group discussion, an ideal terminology was proposed. A Delphi study with 20 global experts in dental traumatology was conducted to develop a consensus for the proposed terminology and its description.ResultsA total of 92 studies were included. They were distributed into five categories according to the terminology used: (a) dry period alone, (b) total period with dry and/or wet times, (c) extra‐alveolar period, (d) extraoral period, and (e) miscellaneous. The explanations provided were correct in 37.5% of the studies that used an extraoral period. In the Delphi study, the lowest scores were given to the term dry period. There was an agreement of 95% for the proposed terminology.ConclusionA wide variation in terminologies was observed that could be distributed into five categories. The correctness of explanations was highest in the studies that described total periods with dry and wet times. The Delphi study revealed excellent agreement for the proposed term “total extra‐alveolar period,” with precise and clear recordings of both nonphysiologic (dry) periods and physiologic (wet) periods.
Distinct comorbidity phenotypes among post‐9/11 Veterans with epilepsy are linked to diverging outcomes and mortality risks
Authors: Pugh Mary Jo , Munger Clary Heidi , Myers Madeleine , Kennedy Eamonn , Amuan Megan , Swan Alicia A. , Hinds Sidney , LaFrance W. Curt , Altalib Hamada , Towne Alan , Henion Amy , White Abigail , Baca Christine , Wang Chen‐Pin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate phenotypes of comorbidity before and after an epilepsy diagnosis in a national cohort of post‐9/11 Service Members and Veterans and explore phenotypic associations with mortality.MethodsAmong a longitudinal cohort of Service Members and Veterans receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) from 2002 to 2018, annual diagnoses for 26 conditions associated with epilepsy were collected over 5 years, ranging from 2 years prior to 2 years after the year of first epilepsy diagnosis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify probabilistic comorbidity phenotypes with distinct health trajectories. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of each phenotype. Fine and Gray cause‐specific survival models were used to measure mortality outcomes for each phenotype up to 2021.ResultsSix distinct phenotypes were identified: (1) relatively healthy, (2) post‐traumatic stress disorder, (3) anxiety and depression, (4) chronic disease, (5) bipolar/substance use disorder, and (6) polytrauma. Accidents were the most common cause of death overall, followed by suicide/mental health and cancer, respectively. Each phenotype exhibited unique associations with mortality and cause of death, highlighting the differential impact of comorbidity patterns on patient outcomes.SignificanceBy delineating clinically meaningful epilepsy comorbidity phenotypes, this study offers a framework for clinicians to tailor interventions. Moreover, these data support systems of care that facilitate treatment of epilepsy and comorbidities within an interdisciplinary health team that allows continuity of care. Targeting treatment toward patients with epilepsy who present with specific heightened risks could help mitigate adverse outcomes and enhance overall patient care.
Dysregulation of Regulatory T Cells and Autoimmune Sequelae in DRESS: Insights From Flow Cytometry and NanoString Analysis
Authors: Khanaruksombat Suparada , Buranapraditkul Supranee , Thantiworasit Pattarawat , Suthumchai Nithikan , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Reantragoon Rangsima , Klaewsongkram Jettanong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDrug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse hypersensitivity reactions with distinct clinical manifestations. Regulatory T (Treg) cells may behave differently in these syndromes, contributing to their diverse clinical features and outcomes. This study compared Treg dynamics between DRESS and SJS/TEN patients during the acute and recovery phases. Flow cytometry quantitatively analysed and defined the immunophenotype of CD4+CD25+CD127−FoxP3+ Tregs in blood from DRESS and SJS/TEN patients indicated that Treg percentages were lowest in DRESS patients during the acute phase compared to those in the recovery phase in DRESS patients and the acute phase in SJS/TEN patients. During the acute phase, CTLA‐4 expression in Tregs in both DRESS patients with and without autoimmune sequelae was significantly increased, while only DRESS patients without autoimmune sequelae had elevated OX40 expression compared to the healthy controls. High IL‐10 expression in Tregs during the acute phase in SJS/TEN patients was also observed. The suppressive function of Tregs was lower in DRESS compared to SJS/TEN, which was determined using a suppression assay by co‐culturing autologous Treg and effector T cells. Furthermore, NanoString technology explored mRNA profiles in Tregs. Genes associated with the JAK/STAT pathway were found to be downregulated during the acute phase in DRESS patients who later developed autoimmune sequelae. Our findings evidenced impaired Treg function in DRESS compared to SJS/TEN. The early disturbance of the JAK/STAT pathway may serve as a prognostic marker for autoimmune development in DRESS patients.
Balancing Water Yield and Water Use Efficiency Between Planted and Natural Forests: A Global Analysis
Authors: Sun Shulan , Xiang Wenhua , Ouyang Shuai , Hu Yanting , Peng Changhui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClimate warming is projected to affect hydrological cycle in forest ecosystems and makes the forest–water relationship more controversial. Currently, planted forests are gaining more public attention due to their role in carbon sequestration and wood production relative to natural forests. However, little is known about how the global patterns and drivers of water yield and water‐use efficiency (WUE) differ between planted and natural forests. Here, we conduct a global analysis to compare water yield and WUE in planted and natural forests using 946 observations from 112 published studies. The results showed that global average water yield coefficient was 0.29 for planted forests and 0.34 for natural forests. Planted forests exhibited lower water yield coefficient (p < 0.05) in three climatic regions (arid, dry subhumid, and humid regions), but higher (p < 0.01) WUE only in arid region, compared with natural forests. Both water yield coefficient and WUE in planted forests were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that in natural forests for stand characteristic groups (stand density, average tree height, leaf area index [LAI], and basal area). Additionally, stand density within the ranging between 1000 to 2000 stem ha−1 can maximize the water yield and WUE in planted and natural forests. Water yield coefficient in planted forests was primarily controlled by the factors related to tree growth (i.e., tree height, DBH), while that of natural forest mainly affected by stand structure (i.e., LAI, stand density, DBH). WUE in planted forest was more sensitive to climate than in natural forests. This work highlights the critical role of natural forests in water supply and the importance of tree species selection and stand management (e.g., stand density adjustment) in plantations in future forest restoration policies and climate change mitigation.
Disrupting the Chrononormativity of Geographies of Youth and Youth Studies: Learning From Infractions at the Border
Authors: Nairn Karen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe overlapping academic fields of geographies of youth and youth studies are defined by what counts as ‘youth’, but how important are age categories to maintaining their boundaries? Descriptions of infractions at the border act as provocations for examining how the normalisation of ages and stages such as ‘youth’ constitute chrononormativities that are implicitly ‘westernised’ and culturally blind. I curate conceptual resources for disrupting chrononormativity and narrow ways of thinking about generation and intergenerational responsibilities to make the case for why this matters in climate‐altered worlds. I make two separate but related interventions. First, I critique how youth scholars and youth journals currently conceive of ‘youth’ drawing on Indigenous scholarship. I then demonstrate why this matters by challenging the pervasive discourse that climate change is a recent problem for ‘younger generations’ to solve. The research reviewed here charts a useful path forward for geographers and other scholars to resist and reconfigure youth/adult dualities and broader chrononormativities, building on scholarship stipulating the necessity of intergenerational dialogue, justice, and solidarity in climate activism that is also informed by decolonial theories and principles.
Diagnostic accuracy of hepatitis E virus antibody tests: A comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Mirzaev Ulugbek Khudayberdievich , Yoshinaga Yayoi , Baynazarov Mirzarakhim , Ouoba Serge , Ko Ko , Phyo Zayar , Chhoung Chanroth , Akuffo Golda Ataa , Sugiyama Aya , Akita Tomoyuki , Takahashi Kazuaki , Fukuma Shingo , Tanaka Junko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major global health issue, with an estimated 20 million infections annually. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the diagnostic gold standard due to its precision, it is expensive and technically demanding. Antibody tests offer a more practical and cost‐effective alternative, although their accuracy can vary due to factors, such as test manufacturer, antigen composition, HEV genotype, and host immune status.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies included comparing the sensitivity and specificity of immunoglobulin M or immunoglobulin G antibody tests to PCR. Exclusion criteria were non‐PCR comparisons, sample sizes under 10, IgA or antigen tests, non‐human samples, or missing sensitivity and specificity data. Only English‐language full‐texts or abstracts were considered. Data analysis was performed using Meta‐DTA v2.1.1 and Stata 16.0.ResultsThe meta‐analysis evaluated 8054 blood samples from 21 studies. Immunoglobulin M antibody tests demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 83% (95% CI 76–88) and specificity of 98% (95% CI 97–99). Immunoglobulin G tests showed a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI 62–82) and specificity of 89% (95% CI 84–93). Among manufacturers, Wantai was the most accurate for immunoglobulin M detection, whereas MP led for immunoglobulin G. Notably, test sensitivity improved when the test protein genotype aligned with the HEV genotype.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis confirmed that antibody assays have a good sensitivity and high specificity to detect HEV infection in situations where PCR is not feasible, highlighting their potential as a practical diagnostic tool.
Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators Enhances Drought Tolerance by Modulating Growth and Biochemical Responses in Sugarcane Varieties
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Deng Yaowen , Lv Rongman , Akhtar Kashif , Muhammad Ihsan , Farooq Muhammad , Wen Ronghui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPlant growth regulators (PGRs) improve crop growth and mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. This study explores the effects of various PGRs including melatonin (MT), indole‐butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on drought‐tolerant Zhongzhe 9 (ZZ9) and Xintaitang 22 (ROC22), as well as drought‐sensitive varieties Guitang‐44 (GT44) and Funong 41 (FN41) varieties. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the foliar application of these hormones alone or in combination on sugarcane seedlings under drought stress conditions. At the sixth leaf stage, drought stress was induced by reducing soil moisture to 40%–45% field capacity. Results showed that the drought‐sensitive variety GT44 had the highest plant height (17.97 cm), while PGRs application enhanced the relative water content (RWC) in FN41 by 0.96%. PGRs treatment also increased plant height by 33.98% and RWC by 3.26% compared to controls. MT application significantly increased chlorophyll a and b contents in FN41 by 4.82% and 4.51%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased by 16.39% and 12.57%, respectively, indicating enhanced oxidative stress defence. Moreover, PGRs applications reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, signifying decreased oxidative damages. The combinations of MT + GA3 and MT + IBA + GA3 significantly improved the plant growth attributes, antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and reduced the accumulation of ROS and MDA content in both tolerant and sensitive varieties under drought stress. Thus, combined application of MT + GA3 and MT + IBA + GA3 treatments effectively mitigated drought stress in sugarcane seedlings, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices.
Clinical Decision‐Making of Repair vs. Replacement of Defective Direct Dental Restorations: A Multinational Cross‐Sectional Study With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hatipoğlu Ömer , Martins João Filipe Brochado , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Taha Nessrin , Aldhelai Thiyezen Abdullah , Ayyad Daoud M. , Madfa Ahmed A. , Martin‐Biedma Benjamin , Fernández‐Grisales Rafael , Omarova Bakhyt A. , Lim Wen Yi , Alfirjani Suha , Nijakowski Kacper , Sugumaran Surendar , Petridis Xenos , Krmek Silvana Jukić , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin , Iqbal Azhar , Abidin Imran Zainal , Intriago Martha Gallegos , Elhamouly Yasmine , Palma Paulo Jorge , Hatipoğlu Fatma Pertek 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis web‐based survey, conducted across multiple countries, sought to explore the factors that impact the decision‐making of clinicians when it comes to managing defective direct restorations.MethodsA survey consisting of 14 questions was sent out to dentists in 21 countries through various online platforms. The survey consisted of two sections. The first contained five questions about demographic information, while the second involved eight clinical scenarios. In the second part, participants were tasked with deciding whether to repair or replace defective composite and amalgam restorations.ResultsThree thousand six hundred eighty dental practitioners completed the survey. For composite restorations, repair was preferred in scenarios like partial loss or fracture (RR:0.72; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.89; p = 0.002), whereas replacement was favored for secondary caries (RR:2.43; 95% CI: 1.87, 3.16; p < 0.001) and open/defective margins (RR:3.93; 95% CI: 2.68, 5.76;p < 0.001). Amalgam restorations were mostly replaced across all scenarios. The main factors influencing decision‐making were caries risk, restoration size, and patient oral hygiene. Substantial heterogeneity was observed across countries.ConclusionThis study underscores the complexity of the decision‐making process and the need for evidence‐based guidelines to inform clinicians' decisions regarding restoration management. Patient‐level factors predominantly influence decision‐making, emphasizing the need for individualized approaches.Clinical SignificanceThe study reveals that the material type in the original restoration is a critical determinant, with composite restorations being repaired in specific scenarios, while amalgam restorations are consistently replaced across different countries. Key patient and tooth‐level factors, such as high caries risk, poor oral hygiene, and restoration size, significantly impact clinicians' decisions, often favoring replacement over repair. These findings underscore the necessity for evidence‐based guidelines to assist clinicians in making informed choices, ultimately enhancing the quality of patient care.
Bleaching Gels and Light‐Emitting Diodes: Comparison of Tooth Color Change
Authors: Shekari Tina , Agostini‐Walesch Gina , Pierre‐Bez Alexandra , Mitchell John C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo measure difference in tooth shade and color achieved via two different over‐the‐counter bleaching agents with and without their associated light‐emitting diodes (LEDs).MethodsA total of 84 extracted human anterior teeth were randomly divided into seven groups. Gypsum models were made with 6 extracted teeth in an arch form (n = 12; 2 arches/group). Samples were kept hydrated throughout treatment (25°C). Bleaching treatment followed manufacturers' instructions with at least 1‐h of rehydration between treatments. Control tooth arches were left untreated. L*a*b* values were measured with a Vita Easyshade (VITA North America, Yorba Linda, CA) three times per tooth using white and black backgrounds. ∆E (CIE 2000) was compared between and within treatment groups over time with ANOVA and post hoc Tukey (a = 0.05).ResultsSubgroup testing confirmed the data were normally distributed. Two‐way ANOVA showed significant interaction between product (Control, Crest, Snow) and treatment (light only, product only, light and product) on ∆E values for black (p‐value < 0.001, F = 15.28) and white (p‐value < 0.001, F = 13.62) backgrounds. Post hoc pairwise Tukey tests showed a significant effect of light‐and‐product treatments in contrast to light‐ or product‐only treatments. Repeated measures ANOVA of between‐treatment change (∆E) by product showed significant interaction between time and treatment for Snow products (p < 0.001, F = 10.9) and independent effects of time and treatment for Crest products (Time: p‐value < 0.001, Treatment: p‐value < 0.01, F = 7.21) on a black background. On white backgrounds, only a significant effect of treatment was reported for both Snow (p‐value < 0.01, F = 5.427) and Crest (p‐value < 0.001, F = 5.61).ConclusionsOverall, a combination of light and gel produces significantly higher tooth color and shade change over time, with the highest change seen for Snow products.Statement of SignificanceMany patients use over‐the‐counter tooth bleaching products because they are more cost effective and easier to access than in‐office bleaching. However, these products may have adverse effects, such as increased sensitivity with repeated use, in addition to increased consumption of time and money. This project measured tooth shade between treatments which can help determine which product is most effective for at home use.
Association of body indices with mortality in older population: Japan Specific Health Checkups (J‐SHC) Study
Authors: Kosugi Takaaki , Eriguchi Masahiro , Yoshida Hisako , Tamaki Hiroyuki , Uemura Takayuki , Tasaki Hikari , Furuyama Riri , Nishimoto Masatoshi , Matsui Masaru , Samejima Ken‐ichi , Iseki Kunitoshi , Fujimoto Shouichi , Konta Tsuneo , Moriyama Toshiki , Yamagata Kunihiro , Narita Ichiei , Kasahara Masato , Shibagaki Yugo , Kondo Masahide , Asahi Koichi , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Tsuruya Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundObesity indices reflect not only fat mass but also muscle mass and nutritional status in older people. Therefore, they may not accurately reflect prognosis. This study aimed to investigate associations between a body shape index (ABSI), body mass index (BMI), and mortality in the general older population.MethodsThis nationwide observational longitudinal study included individuals aged between 65 and 74 years who underwent annual health checkups between 2008 and 2014. Exposures of interest were ABSI and BMI, and the primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Association between the ABSI and BMI quartile (Q1–4) and mortality was assessed using Cox regression analysis. A restricted cubic spline was also used to investigate nonlinear associations. The missing values were imputed using multiple imputation by chained equations.ResultsAmong 315,215 participants, 5074 died during a median follow‐up period of 42.5 (interquartile range: 26.2–59.3) months. Compared with ABSI Q1, ABSI Q3 and Q4 were associated with increased risk of mortality, with the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.13 (1.05–1.22) and 1.23 (1.13–1.35), respectively. Compared with BMI Q3, BMI Q1 and Q2 were associated with an increased risk of mortality, with aHRs and 95% CIs of 1.51 (1.39–1.65) and 1.12 (1.03–1.22), respectively. The impacts of these indices were greater in male than in female. The heatmap of the aHR for mortality by continuous ABSI and BMI showed that higher ABSI was consistently associated with higher mortality risk regardless of BMI, and that the combination of low BMI and high ABSI was strongly associated with increased mortality risk.ConclusionsHigh ABSI and low BMI are additively associated with the risk of all‐cause mortality in the general older population in Japan. Combination of ABSI and BMI is useful for evaluating mortality risk in older people.
Parallel Mediating Roles of Social Support and Self‐Efficacy in the Relationship Between Frailty and Depression in Elderly Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Wang Rong , Bi Min , Jia Wei , Ma Jing , Yao Li 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo examine chain mediating roles of social support and self‐efficacy between quality of frailty and depression in elderly people after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundFrailty is a cause of depression among elderly patients after PCI. Although previous studies have shown that frailty, social support, self‐efficacy and depression are significantly related, the interaction mechanism remains unclear.MethodsEmploying a cross‐sectional research design and convenience sampling methodology, data were collected at a tertiary hospital in China. Participants completed the FRAIL Scale, Social Support Rate Scale, General Self‐Efficacy Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We utilised the PROCESS macro in SPSS to ascertain the mediating roles of social support and self‐efficacy between frailty and depression.Reporting MethodThe study used the STROBE checklist for reporting.ResultA total of 241 elderly patients were included in the study, with an average age of 68.05 (6.04) years. Among them, 63.1% of the participants had experienced depression. Elderly patients after PCI's frailty score was negatively correlated with social support and self‐efficacy, and positively correlated with depression. Social support was significantly positively correlated with self‐efficacy, significantly negatively correlated with depression. Finally, self‐efficacy was significantly negatively correlated with depression. Social support and self‐efficacy mediated 11.61% and 29.46% of the total depressive role in elderly after frailty and PCI, respectively.ConclusionFrailty in elderly PCI patients is directly associated with depression and indirectly related through social support or self‐efficacy.Relevance to Clinical PracticeTo enhance the quality of life for elderly patients following PCI, healthcare providers should address the impact of frailty on depression and develop intervention strategies based on the levels of social support and self‐efficacy.Patient or Public ContributionQuestionnaires filled out by patients were used to understand the relationship between frailty, social support, self‐efficacy and depression.