bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Appendicitis or Lymphoid Hyperplasia: How to Distinguish More Safely?
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Tek Cihat , Ergun Elif , Kazci Omer , Kosar Pinar Nercis 
Published: September 2019

PurposeLymphoid hyperplasia can be an important mimicker of acute appendicitis by creating a non-compressible appendix more than 6 mm in diameter. The aim of this study was to evaluate methods of distinguishing lymphoid hyperplasia and appendicitis on the basis of sonography, lamina propria thickness, and Alvarado scoring.MethodsThis retrospective study included 259 patients (142 appendicitis, 117 lymphoid hyperplasia). The US (ultrasound) reports of the patients were reviewed and the maximum diameter of the appendix, the presence or absence of increased echogenicity of the surrounding pericaecal fat, local fluid collection, the presence of reactive lymph nodes in the periappendiceal area, and mural hyperemia within the appendix were recorded.ResultsThe use of additional sonographic criteria, lamina propria thickness (≤1 mm is indicative for appendicitis), or Alvarado scoring (>6 mm is indicative for appendicitis) provided a true-positive diagnosis for acute appendicitis.ConclusionThe presence of local fluid collection in the periappendiceal area and a lamina propria thickness ≤ 1 mm are the most successful parameters for distinguishing appendicitis from lymphoid hyperplasia.
Skin in the game
Authors: Kyriakou Georgia , Glentis Apostolos 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Following the inception of video games and the subsequent development of progressive innovations in videogame technology, many reports of videogame-related dermatologic conditions soon emerged in literature. Children and adolescents, in particular, are among the most avid consumers of online digital entertainment.

Methods:
In an effort to better detail the impacts of these cutaneous manifestations and provide recommendations for injury prevention as it relates to video games, we performed an extensive systems-based literature review pertaining to the clinical features, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of reported cases of dermatoses resulting from the misuse of video games.

Results:
A literature review using PubMed, SCOPUS, Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed. Hardware implicated in the reported cases include video games consoles, personal computers, laptop computers, mobile phones and tablets. The dermatologic conditions are primarily localized to the extremities, particularly the palms and fingers. The majority are associated with repetitive friction and trauma, as well as allergic contact sensitivities. For all cutaneous manifestations induced by video gaming, early recognition and removal of the offending agent was most often described as effective in symptom resolution.

Conclusions:
The universal use and pervasive popularity of video games for recreational purposes present an emerging dermatological concern. As videogames become increasingly advanced and immersive, various cutaneous conditions arising from intensive gaming will likely become common over time. Consequently, it is critical that dermatologists consider video games with a high index of suspicion when encountering dermatological ailments in underage patients engaging in persistent gaming behavior.
Dyadic and Solitary Sexual Desire in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Controlled Study
Authors: López-Rodríguez María Mar , Fernández Aida Pérez , Hernández-Padilla José Manuel , Fernández-Sola Cayetano , Fernández-Medina Isabel María , Granero-Molina José 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Although fibromyalgia symptoms negatively affect patients’ sexual life, sexual desire in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia has been understudied.

Aim
To describe and compare sexual desire in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia and healthy control women, and to investigate the influence of fibromyalgia and its pharmacologic treatment on sexual desire among women diagnosed with fibromyalgia.

Methods
164 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia participated in the study. Participants’ sexual desire, fibromyalgia symptoms, symptom interference in daily life activities, and perceived quality of life were measured. Further sociodemographic and health-related data were also recorded. 87 healthy women were selected as a control group, and their sexual desire was compared with those of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures included the Sexual Desire Inventory and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire.

Results
When compared with healthy control subjects, women diagnosed with fibromyalgia exhibited a significantly lower mean score on total desire (47.92 ± 17.48 vs 26.33 ± 21.95; P &lt; .001), solitary desire (10.52 ± 5.96 vs 5.74 ± 7.01; P &lt; .001), and dyadic desire (37.40 ± 13.98 vs 20.59 ± 16.94; P &lt; .001). Women diagnosed with fibromyalgia who were taking antidepressants scored significantly lower on dyadic desire (P &lt; .001), solitary desire (P &lt; .001), and total desire (P &lt; .001) than those who were not. Furthermore, a negative correlation between desire (dyadic and solitary) and Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (total and all subscales) was found. Linear regression showed that taking antidepressants, age, and the total Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score explained 16% of the variance of total desire.

Clinical Implications
Knowing how fibromyalgia symptoms and their pharmacologic treatment affect women’s sexual desire may have implications for designing care strategies according to individual needs.

Strengths & Limitations
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on studying the impact of fibromyalgia on dyadic and solitary sexual desire. Limitations are related to having used an online questionnaire for data collection, having recruited the participants through a convenience sampling technique and not being able to isolate whether certain results are related to fibromyalgia symptoms or are side effects of the pharmacologic treatment used for symptom control.

Conclusion
Fibromyalgia impact seems to negatively influence dyadic and solitary sexual desire in women. In addition, other factors such as age or taking antidepressant drugs may result in lower sexual desire in these patients.
Assessing the Validity of Bioelectrical Impedance and Skinfold Calipers for Measuring Body Composition in NOLS Backcountry Hikers
Authors: Boughman Jihan K. , Masters Melissa A. , Morgan Cass A. , Ruden Tim M. , Rochelle Shannon G. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction The National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) conducts backcountry research in an effort to provide the most up-to-date support to its students. Past research efforts have used a variety of body composition measurement tools, including bioelectrical impedance (BIA), skinfold calipers, and air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod), but these tools are not interchangeable. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of the Tanita scale and the Harpenden skinfold calipers for assessing body composition in backcountry hikers. Methods Twenty-two NOLS participants completed a 23-d backpacking trip into the Wind River Range in Wyoming. Pre- and postexpedition anthropometric measures were collected using 3 different body composition measurement tools: Tanita segmental body composition monitor, Harpenden skinfold calipers, and the Bod Pod. For the purposes of this study, the Bod Pod was used as the standard against which other methods were compared. Results Participants lost a significant amount of weight and fat during the expedition. Fat-free mass increased by 0.4 ± 1.9 kg, but this did not reach significance. A high degree of reliability was found between skinfold calipers and the Bod Pod and between BIA and the Bod Pod. The BIA measurements significantly underreported body fat percentage when compared to the Bod Pod, whereas the skinfold measurements were not significantly different from the Bod Pod, but measurements were more variable. Conclusions This study shows that the skinfold caliper and the Tanita scale give measurements comparable to the less readily available and more costly Bod Pod measurement in backcountry expedition participants.
La codification du droit interaméricain de la drogue
Authors: MOUGNOK CYPRIEN BASSAMAGNE 
Published: September 2019

RésuméPartant du constat de l’absence de littérature sur les processus de codification du “droit interaméricain de la drogue,” la présente étude ambitionne de combler cette lacune en vérifiant par ailleurs l’existence même de ce droit, essentiellement au moyen d’une analyse comparative des prescriptions du droit onusien de la drogue avec celles du droit en vigueur dans les Amériques. Ce faisant, l’auteur en arrive à la conclusion que le droit interaméricain de la drogue est le produit d’un jeu d’influence réciproque entre le droit onusien, les lois-modèles de la Commission interaméricaine de contrôle de l’abus des drogues (CICAD) et les droits nationaux. Ce jeu d’influence, par effet de renvoi, particulièrement entre les lois-modèles de la CICAD et les droits nationaux, traduit bien l’influence des conditions structurelles, métajuridiques et extrajuridiques dans la codification et l’institutionnalisation du droit interaméricain de la drogue.
Span effect on the turbulence nature of flow past a circular cylinder
Authors: Font Garcia Bernat , Weymouth Gabriel D. , Nguyen Vinh-Tan , Tutty Owen R. 
Published: September 2019

Turbulent flow evolution and energy cascades are significantly different in two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) flows. Studies have investigated these differences in obstacle-free turbulent flows, but solid boundaries have an important impact on the cross-over from 3-D to 2-D turbulence dynamics. In this work, we investigate the span effect on the turbulence nature of flow past a circular cylinder at $Re=10\,000$. It is found that even for highly anisotropic geometries, 3-D small-scale structures detach from the walls. Additionally, the natural large-scale rotation of the Kármán vortices rapidly two-dimensionalise those structures if the span is 50 % of the diameter or less. We show this is linked to the span being shorter than the Mode B instability wavelength. The conflicting 3-D small-scale structures and 2-D Kármán vortices result in 2-D and 3-D turbulence dynamics which can coexist at certain locations of the wake depending on the domain geometric anisotropy.
System approaches to school psychology (or why school psychologists shouldn’t see kids)
Authors: Russell Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn a world where the only constant is change, schools are faced with the need to adapt creatively to changing societal demands, parental expectations, and children with increasingly diverse needs. Lasting and effective change can only occur with systemic and organisational change, and this essay argues that school-based psychologists are an invaluable, but potentially overlooked, resource in driving and supporting effective, evidence-supported, organisational change in schools. It is suggested that this can occur best when school-based psychologists are able to move away from direct service models that treat individual children to a systemic model that supports whole-school change.
Instruments and methods: hot-water borehole drilling at a high-elevation debris-covered glacier
Authors: Miles Katie E. , Miles Evan S. , Hubbard Bryn , Quincey Duncan J. , Rowan Ann V. , Pallett Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile hot-water drilling is a well-established technique used to access the subsurface of ice masses, drilling into high-elevation (≳ 4000 m a.s.l.) debris-covered glaciers faces specific challenges. First, restricted transport capacity limits individual equipment items to a volume and mass that can be slung by small helicopters. Second, low atmospheric oxygen and pressure reduces the effectiveness of combustion, limiting a system's ability to pump and heat water. Third, thick supraglacial debris, which is both highly uneven and unstable, inhibits direct access to the ice surface, hinders the manoeuvring of equipment and limits secure sites for equipment placement. Fourth, englacial debris can slow the drilling rate such that continued drilling becomes impracticable and/or boreholes deviate substantially from vertical. Because of these challenges, field-based englacial and subglacial data required to calibrate numerical models of high-elevation debris-covered glaciers are scarce or absent. Here, we summarise our experiences of hot-water drilling over two field seasons (2017–2018) at the debris-covered Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, where we melted 27 boreholes up to 192 m length, at elevations between 4900 and 5200 m a.s.l. We describe the drilling equipment and operation, evaluate the effectiveness of our approach and suggest equipment and methodological adaptations for future use.
Portion size normality and additional within-meal food intake: two crossover laboratory experiments
Authors: Haynes Ashleigh , Hardman Charlotte A. , Halford Jason C. G. , Jebb Susan A. , Robinson Eric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReducing food portion size could reduce energy intake. However, it is unclear at what point consumers respond to reductions by increasing intake of other foods. We predicted that a change in served portion size would only result in significant additional eating within the same meal if the resulting portion size was no longer visually perceived as ‘normal’. Participants in two crossover experiments (Study 1: n 45; Study 2: n 37; adults, 51 % female) were served different-sized lunchtime portions on three occasions that were perceived by a previous sample of participants as ‘large-normal’, ‘small-normal’ and ‘smaller than normal’, respectively. Participants were able to serve themselves additional helpings of the same food (Study 1) or dessert items (Study 2). In Study 1 there was a small but significant increase in additional intake when participants were served the ‘smaller than normal’ compared with the ‘small-normal’ portion (m difference = 161 kJ, P = 0·002, d = 0·35), but there was no significant difference between the ‘small-normal’ and ‘large-normal’ conditions (m difference = 88 kJ, P = 0·08, d = 0·24). A similar pattern was observed in Study 2 (m difference = 149 kJ, P = 0·06, d = 0·18; m difference = 83 kJ, P = 0·26, d = 0·10). However, smaller portion sizes were each associated with a significant reduction in total meal intake. The findings provide preliminary evidence that reductions that result in portions appearing ‘normal’ in size may limit additional eating, but confirmatory research is needed.
A Human Rights Approach to Conflict Resolution
Authors: Fuentes-Julio Claudia , Ibrahim Raslan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman rights and conflict resolution have been traditionally perceived as two separate fields, with contradictory principles and conflicting approaches toward achieving peace. This essay aims to understand these two fields in a more integrative way, showing how a human rights perspective can enrich the theory and practice of conflict resolution. It clarifies the main characteristics of a human rights approach to conflict resolution and identifies a set of human rights standards guiding its implementation: a normative legal framework; structural conditions for peace; participation and inclusion; and accountability and redress. The essay also briefly applies a human rights approach to the Colombian peace process and to the Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The conclusion addresses one of the main criticisms of this approach and its principal challenges.
Fathering Through Change (FTC) intervention for single fathers: Preventing coercive parenting and child problem behaviors
Authors: DeGarmo David S. , Jones Jeremy A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDishion and Patterson's work on the unique role of fathers in the coercive family process showed that fathers' coercion explained twice the variance of mothers' in predicting children's antisocial behavior and how treatment and prevention of coercion and promotion of prosocial parenting can mitigate children's problem behaviors. Using these ideas, we employed a sample of 426 divorced or separated fathers randomly assigned to Fathering Through Change (FTC), an interactive online behavioral parent training program or to a waitlist control. Participating fathers had been separated or divorced within the past 24 months with children ages 4 to 12 years. We tested an intent to treat (ITT) mediation hypothesis positing that intervention-induced changes in child problem behaviors would be mediated by changes in fathers' coercive parenting. We also tested complier average causal effects (CACE) models to estimate intervention effects, accounting for compliers and noncompliers in the treatment group and would-be compliers in the controls. Mediation was supported. ITT analyses showed the FTC obtained a small direct effect on father-reported pre–post changes in child adjustment problems (d = .20), a medium effect on pre–post changes in fathers' coercive parenting (d = .61), and a moderate indirect effect to changes in child adjustment (d = .30). Larger effects were observed in CACE analyses.
Why do health technology assessment drug reimbursement recommendations differ between countries? A parallel convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Nicod Elena , Maynou Laia , Visintin Erica , Cairns John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing quantitative and qualitative research designs, respectively, two studies investigated why countries make different health technology assessment (HTA) drug reimbursement recommendations. Building on these, the objective of this study was to (a) develop a conceptual framework integrating the factors explaining these decisions, (b) explore their relationship and (c) assess if they are congruent, complementary or discrepant. A parallel convergent mixed methods design was used. Countries included in both previous studies were selected (England, Sweden, Scotland and France). A conceptual framework that integrated and organised the factors explaining the decisions from the two studies was developed. Relationships between factors were explored and illustrated through case studies. The framework distinguishes macro-level factors from micro-level ones. Only two of the factors common to both studies were congruent, while two others reached discrepant conclusions (stakeholder input and external review of the evidence processes). The remaining factors identified within one or both studies were complementary. Bringing together these findings contributed to generating a more complete picture of why countries make different HTA recommendations. Results were mostly complementary, explaining and enhancing each other. We conclude that differences often result from a combination of factors, with an important component relating to what occurs during the deliberative process.
Psychometric Evaluation of an Episodic Future Thinking Variant of the	Autobiographical Memory Test – Episodic Future Thinking-Test	(EFT-T)
Authors: Hallford David J. , Takano Keisuke , Raes Filip , Austin David W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Future-oriented variants of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) are often used to assess the generation of specific episodic future thoughts, however, as yet the underlying factor structure of items in this modified test has not been examined. Therefore, over two studies we examined the factor structure and validity of an episodic future thinking variant of the Autobiographical Memory Test (Episodic Future Thinking-Test; EFT-T). In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis ( N = 466) showed a one-factor structure underlying responses to positive, negative, and concrete noun cue words on the EFT-T. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis with a different sample ( N = 304) and using different cue words showed a good fit for a single-factor structure. In both studies, good convergent validity was found with scores on the EFT-T correlating with autobiographical memory specificity scores, with support for divergent factors also. Mixed support was found for associations with measures of mental imagery, and the implications for measurement are discussed. These studies provide the first evidence that the EFT-T unidimensionally assesses specificity in episodic future thinking across two cue word sets.
Systematic Scatterometer Wind Errors Near Coastal Mountains
Authors: Kilpatrick Thomas , Xie Shang‐Ping , Tokinaga Hiroki , Long David , Hutchings Nolan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSatellite scatterometers provide the only regular observations of surface wind vectors over vast swaths of the world oceans, including coastal regions, which are of great scientific and societal interest but still present challenges for remote sensing. Here we demonstrate systematic scatterometer wind errors near Hawaii's Big Island: Two counter‐rotating lee vortices, which are clear in the International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set ship‐based wind climatology and in aircraft observations, are absent in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Remote Sensing Systems scatterometer wind climatologies. We demonstrate similar errors in the representation of transient Catalina Eddy events in the Southern California Bight. These errors likely arise from the nonuniqueness of scatterometer wind observations, that is, an “ambiguity removal” is required during processing to select from multiple wind solutions to the geophysical model function. We discuss strategies to improve the ambiguity selection near coastal mountains, where small‐scale wind reversals are common.
Correcting Parker Solar Probe Electron Measurements for Spacecraft Magnetic and Electric Fields
Authors: McGinnis Daniel , Halekas Jasper , Whittlesey Phyllis , Larson Davin , Kasper Justin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe spacecraft body of the Parker Solar Probe may interfere with electron measurements in two ways. The first is the presence of several permanent magnets near the Solar Probe Analyzers (SPAN) instruments. The second is the widely varying spacecraft potential. We estimate the effect of these interferences by performing particle tracing simulations on electrons of various energies using a simplified model of the spacecraft potential and measurements of the magnetic fields. From this we can (1) estimate the individual and combined fields of view of the SPAN‐E instruments, (2) identify regions of phase space that may be highly distorted, and (3) simulate measurements of the velocity distribution function. We compute density, temperature, and bulk velocity moments of the measured distribution functions and find that a correction table derived from the particle tracing results can be incorporated in the computation to greatly decrease the errors caused by the spacecraft potential and magnetic fields. Similar tables could be computed for a wide range of spacecraft potentials and applied during the processing of actual SPAN data.