bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variational robust filter with a heavy-tailed mixture model for GNSS/INS tightly coupled integration
Authors: Guo Baoyu , Tao Zhenqiang , Gao Jingxiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the tightly coupled integration of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and inertial navigation systems (INS) within complex environments, harsh observation conditions, signal multipath effects, and unknown pulse interference can easily lead to non-stationary heavy-tailed measurement noise. To address this challenge, in this paper, we first construct a heavy-tailed mixture (HM) model that is insensitive to prior noise statistics for modeling the likelihood probability density function. Subsequently, an improved variational Bayesian (VB) method is introduced to decouple the variational posterior updates for the state vector and the unknown parameters. Finally, an HM model-based variational robust filter (HMRKF) for GNSS/INS tightly coupled integration is proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the HMRKF can adaptively infer the accurate measurement noise covariance matrix using the pre-selected measurement set and observation information, achieving an optimal estimation performance among the six schemes evaluated. Compared to the extended Kalman filter, the position, velocity, and yaw accuracy of the HMRKF are 56.66%, 76.35%, and 80.62% better, respectively. Additionally, the computational complexity of the improved VB method is more than 30% lower compared to the conventional VB method, significantly alleviating the algorithm’s computational burden. Therefore, the proposed HMRKF can ensure the integrated system’s navigation accuracy and robustness within non-stationary heavy-tailed noise environments.
A 3D calibration method for binocular vision system
Authors: He Qing , Ji Zhiwen , Li Qingying , Liu Xu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Binocular vision system calibration is extremely important in three-dimensional (3D) measurement. During the calibration process, the establishment of an appropriate objective function has a direct impact on the calibration accuracy. For common two-dimensional (2D) calibration methods, differences in 2D calibration and 3D measurement coordinate systems result in loss of accuracy. Furthermore, for the newly proposed 3D calibration methods, the epipolar constraints in the 2D pixel coordinate system and the reconstruction errors in the 3D physical space need to be balanced by weights, resulting in uncertainties in the calibration results. To address these issues, we propose a novel calibration method that minimizes the distances between the control point and the left and right camera rays. The distances between the control points and the camera rays describe the 3D reconstruction errors, and the distances between the left camera and the right camera rays describe the geometry information between the two cameras to ensure that the epipolar constraints are satisfied. As a result, these two types of constraints/errors are measured under the same 3D coordinate system. Therefore, the epipolar constraints and the reconstruction errors are naturally balanced. We have conducted computer simulations and real experiments, and the results show that the proposed calibration method is effective in improving the accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
A novel proposition of radiation energy conservation in radiation dose deformation using deformable image registration
Authors: Kim Jihun , Yoon Kyungho , Kim Jun Won , Kim Jin Sung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study is to analytically derive and validate a novel radiation energy conservation principle for dose mapping via deformable image registration (DIR). Approach. A radiation energy conservation principle for the DIR-based dose-deforming process was theoretically derived with a consideration of the volumetric Jacobian and proven using synthetic examples and a patient case. Furthermore, an energy difference error was proposed that can be used to evaluate the DIR-based dose accumulation uncertainty. For the analytical validation of the proposed energy conservation principle, a synthetic isotropic deformation was considered, and artificial deformation uncertainties were introduced. For the validation with a patient case, a ground truth set of computed tomography images and the corresponding deformation was generated. Radiation energy calculation was performed using both the ground truth deformation and another deformation with uncertainty. Main results. The suggested energy conservation principle was preserved with uncertainty-free deformation, but not with error-containing deformations using both the synthetic examples and the patient case. For a synthetic example with a tumor volume reduction of 27.1% (10% reduction in length in all directions), the energy difference error was calculated to be −29.8% and 37.2% for an over-deforming and under-deforming DIR uncertainty of 0.3 cm. The energy difference error for the patient case (tumor volume reduction of 37.6%) was 2.9% for a displacement vector field with a registration error of 2.0 ± 3.2 mm. Significance. A novel energy conservation principle for DIR-based dose deformation and the corresponding energy difference error were mathematically formulated and successfully validated using simple synthetic examples and a patient example. With a consideration of the volumetric Jacobian, this investigation proposed a radiation energy conservation principle which can be met only with uncertainty-free deformations.
Impact of deep and tail trap states on the electrical performance of double-gate ZnO thin film transistors
Authors: Jaiswal Saurabh , Singh Jitendra , Goswami Manish , Kandpal Kavindra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traps in ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) affect the electrical characteristics of the device. Traps originate primarily due to the disordered nature of the deposited semiconductor channel or are present at the ZnO and gate-dielectric interface. This work studies the effect of traps in double-gate ZnO TFTs using technology computer-aided design. The grain boundary and interface traps are assumed to be localized at the ZnO/SiO2 interface and are defined within the energy bandgap of ZnO using a double-exponential function. The traps are assumed to be of the acceptor type. The concentration of tail states is assumed to be 103 times more than in the deep state, while the characteristic temperature of deep state traps is assumed to be higher than the tail states. In common mode operation (i.e. both top and bottom gates are shorted), the tail states dominate the device characteristic compared with the deep state, while in independent mode (i.e. both gates are biased independently) the deep state traps affect the device characteristics more than the tail states.
Generation of non-Gaussian states of light using deterministic photon subtraction
Authors: Pasharavesh Abdolreza , Bajcsy Michal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We explore a recently demonstrated deterministic photon subtraction scheme, based on single-photon Raman interaction with a Λ-type three-level atom, as a tool for manipulating quantum state of few-photon light pulses. We establish a comprehensive theoretical framework using input–output formalism and quantum regression theorem, enabling calculation of the first order autocorrelation matrices of the output light and identification of the temporal modes present in the generated light via their eigendecomposition. By modeling the entire system as a quantum network consisting multiple virtual cavities and a lambda-type emitter cascaded in two parallel guided modes of opposite propagation directions, we extract the quantum state occupying the modes of interest. For both squeezed vacuum and coherent light input pulses, the Wigner function of the output light after photon subtraction clearly reveals its non-Gaussian character. Furthermore, we propose a measurement-based scheme on the subtracted photon which can lead to conditional generation of quantum states resembling Schrodinger’s kitten state directly from coherent input light with fidelities above 99%. This result is particularly nothworthy, as coherent pulses, unlike the squeezed vacuum inputs commonly used in previous studies, are readily available in most experimental setups.
Abundant families of Jacobi elliptic function solutions and peculiar dynamical behavior for a generalized derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation employing extended F-expansion method
Authors: Chen Wenxia , Ni Weixu , Tian Lixin , Yang Xiyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates a generalized derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (GDNLS) equation , demonstrating how ultrashort pulses propagate in a single-mode optical fiber. The extended F-expansion method, which is a modification of Kudryashov’s auxiliary equation approach, is applied in this investigation to generate Jacobi elliptic solutions for the GDNLS. Three distinct solution instances are examined, and a variety of explicit solutions, including breathers, solitary waves, bright/dark solitons, bright-dark interaction solitons, a soliton-like solution, and a rogue-like solution, are obtained. To demonstrate the complex dynamical behavior of GDNLS equation, several representative solutions are chosen and their moduli are shown in three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and contour plots using Maple software.
White light emitting potential of samarium and dysprosium co-doped tellurite glass: effect of various gold nanoparticles contents
Authors: Gafar Shairah , Ghoshal Sib Krishna , Abd Aziz Muhammad Safwan , Hamzah Khaidzir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the influence of gold nanoparticle (Au NPs) concentration variation on the physical properties of some Sm3+/Dy3+ co-doped zinc-sodium tellurite glasses. These glasses with composition of (58.8–z) TeO2–25ZnO–15Na2O–0.8Sm2O3–0.4Dy2O3–zAu (where z = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 mol%) were prepared via the melt-quenching approach and characterized. The obtained samples were transparent and amorphous. An increase in the glass density and refractive index was observed with the increase of Au NPs concentrations. FTIR and Raman spectra of the glasses identified vibration modes related to various chemical functional groups. The temperatures for the glass transition, crystallization, and melting were changed with the variation of Au NPs contents. The optical absorption spectra of the glasses showed 16 characteristic peaks (in the range of 350–1700 nm) of Sm3+ and Dy3+ transitions together with the localized surface plasmon absorption peak of Au NPs. The luminescence spectra under 380 nm excitation showed five significant peaks around 400–750 nm. The fluorescence lifetime decay profiles and Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) 1391 color chromaticity diagram exhibited the corresponding moderate white-light emission and color purity, indicating the white-light-emitting potency of the proposed glass system. It was surmised that by controlling Au NPs contents, the optical characteristics of the glass system can be customized.
A novel SRAM with SET and RESET functions using a novel 5-input majority gate in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology
Authors: Rathore Nitesh Kumar , Singh Pooran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the nanoscale VLSI industry, Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) presents a novel substitute for conventional Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This paper introduces a new design that uses QCA technology. The design includes a 5-input Majority Gate (5-MG), a fundamental component in QCA, and a Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell with set and reset features. The recommended design offers a minimum clock cycle, a small QCA layout area, less cost function, and a sustainable arrangement to get the ideal size and latency while consuming less power. The proposed 5-input majority gate (MG) has a total area of 0.009 μm2 and a QCA cell count of 14. Further, a novel SRAM cell is implemented using the 5-input MG logic. The SRAM cell designed using 44 QCA cells has a clock latency of 1 and a layout area of 0.03 μm2. Compared to the conventional 5-MG SRAM cell the proposed 5-MG SRAM cell shows a 50% reduction in cell counts and a 62.5% reduction in total layout area.
Efficient numerical techniques for fractional integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernel
Authors: Panda Abhilipsa , Ghosh Bappa , Mohapatra Jugal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses two finite difference approaches for computing the numerical solution to a Volterra-type fractional integro differential equation with a weakly singular kernel. The problem is discretized on a uniform mesh using the L1 technique for the Caputo fractional order derivative, and the integral component is solved using the product left rectangular rule. The approach proves to be first-order convergent. To improve the order of accuracy, a post-processing approach namely the Richardson extrapolation scheme is used, and the convergence rate is greatly increased to second order. Another difference scheme is developed to address the model problem by using the product trapezoidal rule for the weakly singular integral and the L1 technique for the fractional derivative. The product trapezoidal rule has a greater convergence rate than the product rectangular rule, hence the latter method provides more accurate results even without extrapolation. The comoutational cost is also reduced in the second scheme which can be seen from the tabular results. The error analysis is performed for both the suggested numerical algorithms, and some numerical experiments are performed to confirm the theoretical results.
A favorable catalytic root for the reduction reaction of SOCl2 from the constructed CoPc/CuPc composite
Authors: Xu Zhanwei , Li Jiaxing , Zhang Ziwei , Yao Kai , Zhang Ke , Li Jiayin , Zhao Yaze , Li Zhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
CoPc, as a catalyst for lithium thionyl chloride (Li/SOCl2) battery, is generally recognized as having catalytic activity, and its catalytic activity can be further improved by compounding it on some substrates. In this paper, CoPc/CuPc with smaller particle size was synthesized by two-step method. It was found that when the product was constructed, not only a loose film could be formed on the surface of carbon cathode, but also a large number of holes could be formed inside it. In addition, the adsorption of SOCl2 by CoPc and CuPc and the surface electrostatic charge distribution was studied by the first-principles density functional theory calculations (DFT). Compared with the bare, the voltage of the battery using the CoPc/CuPc composites as catalyst increased by 0.25 V, and the discharge time was prolonged by 12 min. Observing the morphology after discharge, it can be found that there are many particles around 200 nm on the surface and a large number of particles around 50 nm inside.
The BlackGEM Telescope Array. I. Overview
Authors: Groot P. J. , Bloemen S. , Vreeswijk P. M. , van Roestel J. C. J. , Jonker P. G. , Nelemans G. , Klein-Wolt M. , Lepoole R. , Pieterse D. L. A. , Rodenhuis M. , Boland W. , Haverkorn M. , Aerts C. , Bakker R. , Balster H. , Bekema M. , Dijkstra E. , Dolron P. , Elswijk E. , van Elteren A. , Engels A. , Fokker M. , de Haan M. , Hahn F. , ter Horst R. , Lesman D. , Kragt J. , Morren J. , Nillissen H. , Pessemier W. , Raskin G. , de Rijke A. , Scheers L. H. A. , Schuil M. , Timmer S. T. , Antunes Amaral L. , Arancibia-Rojas E. , Arcavi I. , Blagorodnova N. , Biswas S. , Breton R. P. , Dawson H. , Dayal P. , De Wet S. , Duffy C. , Faris S. , Fausnaugh M. , Gal-Yam A. , Geier S. , Horesh A. , Johnston C. , Katusiime G. , Kelley C. , Kosakowski A. , Kupfer T. , Leloudas G. , Levan A. , Modiano D. , Mogawana O. , Munday J. , Paice J. , Patat F. , Pelisoli I. , Ramsay G. , Ranaivomanana P. T. , Ruiz-Carmona R. , Schaffenroth V. , Scaringi S. , Stoppa F. , Street R. , Tranin H. , Uzundag M. , Valenti S. , Veresvarska M. , Vuc̆ković M. , Wichern H. C. I. , Wijers R. A. M. J. , Wijnands R. A. D. , Zimmerman E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The main science aim of the BlackGEM array is to detect optical counterparts to gravitational wave mergers. Additionally, the array will perform a set of synoptic surveys to detect Local Universe transients and short timescale variability in stars and binaries, as well as a six-filter all-sky survey down to ∼22nd mag. The BlackGEM Phase-I array consists of three optical wide-field unit telescopes. Each unit uses an f/5.5 modified Dall-Kirkham (Harmer-Wynne) design with a triplet corrector lens, and a 65 cm primary mirror, coupled with a 110Mpix CCD detector, that provides an instantaneous field-of-view of 2.7 square degrees, sampled at 0.″564 pixel−1. The total field-of-view for the array is 8.2 square degrees. Each telescope is equipped with a six-slot filter wheel containing an optimised Sloan set (BG-u, BG-g, BG-r, BG-i, BG-z) and a wider-band 440–720 nm (BG-q) filter. Each unit telescope is independent from the others. Cloud-based data processing is done in real time, and includes a transient-detection routine as well as a full-source optimal-photometry module. BlackGEM has been installed at the ESO La Silla observatory as of 2019 October. After a prolonged COVID-19 hiatus, science operations started on 2023 April 1 and will run for five years. Aside from its core scientific program, BlackGEM will give rise to a multitude of additional science cases in multi-colour time-domain astronomy, to the benefit of a variety of topics in astrophysics, such as infant supernovae, luminous red novae, asteroseismology of post-main-sequence objects, (ultracompact) binary stars, and the relation between gravitational wave counterparts and other classes of transients.
An audiovisual cognitive optimization strategy guided by salient object ranking for intelligent visual prothesis systems
Authors: Liang Junling , Li Heng , Chai Xinyu , Gao Qi , Zhou Meixuan , Guo Tianruo , Chen Yao , Di Liqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Visual prostheses are effective tools for restoring vision, yet real-world complexities pose ongoing challenges. The progress in AI has led to the emergence of the concept of intelligent visual prosthetics with auditory support, leveraging deep learning to create practical artificial vision perception beyond merely restoring natural sight for the blind. Approach. This study introduces an object-based attention mechanism that simulates human gaze points when observing the external world to descriptions of physical regions. By transforming this mechanism into a ranking problem of salient entity regions, we introduce prior visual attention cues to build a new salient object ranking (SaOR) dataset, and propose a SaOR network aimed at providing depth perception for prosthetic vision. Furthermore, we propose a SaOR-guided image description method to align with human observation patterns, toward providing additional visual information by auditory feedback. Finally, the integration of the two aforementioned algorithms constitutes an audiovisual cognitive optimization strategy for prosthetic vision. Main results. Through conducting psychophysical experiments based on scene description tasks under simulated prosthetic vision, we verify that the SaOR method improves the subjects’ performance in terms of object identification and understanding the correlation among objects. Additionally, the cognitive optimization strategy incorporating image description further enhances their prosthetic visual cognition. Significance. This offers valuable technical insights for designing next-generation intelligent visual prostheses and establishes a theoretical groundwork for developing their visual information processing strategies. Code will be made publicly available.
Frequency-dependent phase entrainment of cortical cell types during tACS: computational modeling evidence
Authors: Gaugain Gabriel , Al Harrach Mariam , Yochum Maxime , Wendling Fabrice , Bikson Marom , Modolo Julien , Nikolayev Denys 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enables non-invasive modulation of brain activity, holding promise for clinical and research applications. Yet, it remains unclear how the stimulation frequency differentially impacts various neuron types. Here, we aimed to quantify the frequency-dependent behavior of key neocortical cell types. Approach. We used both detailed (anatomical multicompartments) and simplified (three compartments) single-cell modeling approaches based on the Hodgkin–Huxley formalism to study neocortical excitatory and inhibitory cells under various tACS intensities and frequencies within the 5–50 Hz range at rest and during basal 10 Hz activity. Main results. L5 pyramidal cells (PCs) exhibited the highest polarizability at direct current, ranging from 0.21 to 0.25 mm and decaying exponentially with frequency. Inhibitory neurons displayed membrane resonance in the 5–15 Hz range with lower polarizability, although bipolar cells had higher polarizability. Layer 5 PC demonstrated the highest entrainment close to 10 Hz, which decayed with frequency. In contrast, inhibitory neurons entrainment increased with frequency, reaching levels akin to PC. Results from simplified models could replicate phase preferences, while amplitudes tended to follow opposite trends in PC. Significance. tACS-induced membrane polarization is frequency-dependent, revealing observable resonance behavior. Whilst optimal phase entrainment of sustained activity is achieved in PC when tACS frequency matches endogenous activity, inhibitory neurons tend to be entrained at higher frequencies. Consequently, our results highlight the potential for precise, cell-specific targeting for tACS.
Simulation study on the frequency modulation of sawtooth oscillation by plasma shape in tokamak
Authors: Zhang 张 Peijie 培杰 , Yang 杨 Jinhong 锦宏 , Ren 任 Zhenzhen 珍珍 , Xiao 肖 Zheng 政 , Chu 楚 Jiaxuan 家璇 , Kuang 邝 Jun 俊 , Wang 汪 Weihua 卫华 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study numerically investigates the impact of the tokamak plasma shape (elongation, triangularity, and aspect ratio) on the amplitude and period of sawtooth oscillations using the three-dimensional toroidal nonlinear magnetic fluid code CLT and the simulation results are qualitatively compared with the experimental observation in Tokamak Configuration Variable. The study reveals a frequency modulation phenomenon for the sawtooth period with respect to the elongation and aspect ratio. (1) The simulation results of the sawtooth linear phase show that a large elongation and a positive triangularity are beneficial for the stability of the internal kink mode, while a negative triangularity has limited effect on the stability of the internal kink mode. (2) The simulation results of the sawtooth oscillation phase show that the sawtooth period generally increases with the increase of elongation. However, when the elongation is relatively small, there is a significant peak in the sawtooth period, and this peak position is modulated by elongation and aspect ratio. Analysis suggests that the peak of the sawtooth period is caused by the occurrence of m/n = 3/2 mode during the sawtooth crashes. (3) The sawtooth period exhibits a monotonic increasing relation with the triangularity, while the sawtooth amplitude increases with both the elongation and triangularity.