bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VULNERABILITY OF THE POSTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS NERVE DURING RADIAL HEAD RESECTION
Authors: Strachan J. C. H. , Ellis B. W. 
Published: February 2018

From the experimental evidence above, it is clear that in the upper four centimetres of the forearm the posterior interosseous nerve moves up to one centimetre or more medially relative to the radius on pronation of the forearm. This movement becomes of importance when considered in relation to methods of operative approach for excision of the radial head. Operative approaches have been described in which emphasis has been placed on the position of incision, but in none of these is there any mention of the position of the forearm. We suggest that the following precautions should be taken. 1) During excision of the radial head the forearm should be kept in full pronation. 2) The incision should be as posterior as possible to ensure that it is well clear of the nerve. 3) With the forearm pronated the incision extends from a little above the lateral epicondyle along the postero-lateral aspect of the forearm for not more than 5 centimetres; proportionately less in a child. 4) The surgical assistant's attention should be brought to the damage that the posterior interosseous nerve might sustain from undue pressure–for instance by retraction, especially by bone levers–in the anterior part of the wound.
THE PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF CONVEX PES VALGUS
Authors: Drennan James C. , Sharrard W. J. W. 
Published: February 2018

1. The pathological anatomy in a case of convex pes valgus in a patient with myelomeningocele is described. 2. A neuromuscular imbalance between the tibialis posterior and the evertors of the foot is suggested as the underlying cause of this type of foot deformity.
BILATERAL SPONTANEOUS AND SIMULTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE QUADRICEPS TENDONS IN GOUT
Authors: Levy M. , Seelenfreund M. , Maor P. , Fried A. , Lurie M. 
Published: February 2018

1. A case of bilateral spontaneous and simultaneous rupture of the quadriceps tendons is described. 2. The underlying cause was found to be gouty affection of the tendons. 3. So far as is known, a similar case has not previously been recorded.
GELATIN AS AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL FOR HYALURONATE
Authors: Sweet M. B. E. , Solomon L. 
Published: February 2018

1. The hyaluronate of synovial fluid is an acidic linear polymer which can effectively resist the diffusion of other macromolecules into its domain. Gelatin was used as an experimental model for hyaluronate, to investigate its effect upon the diffusion of protein-polysaccharides from cartilage slices. 2. The concentration of protein-polysaccilaride in the extracting medium was quantitated by uronic acid estimation and liquid scintillation spectrometry of 35sulphate-labelled proteinpolysaccharide. 3. Concentrations of gelatin in excess of 20 per cent (W/v) significantly retarded diffusion of protein-polysaccharides out of cartilage slices, but evidently not the movement of these molecules within cartilage. 4. It is suggested that disaggregation of both the protein-polysaecharide molecules of cartilage and the hyaluronate of synovial fluid contribute to cartilage breakdown.
THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE TECHNIQUE OF INTERTRANSVERSE LUMBAR FUSION
Authors: Macnab Ian , Dall Desmond 
Published: February 2018

1. Intertransverse fusion in the lumbar spine appears to have many advantages over previously described techniques. 2. The disadvantage of profuse bleeding can be overcome by the use of a Hastings frame and by an operative technique designed to demonstrate constant muscular and articular branches of the lumbar arteries. 3. Coagulation of these vessels by cautery and avoidance of dissection anterior to the plane of the transverse processes ensure that the operative procedure can be carried out with a blood loss averaging less than 500 millilitres.
PAGET'S DISEASE AT THE HIP WITH OSTEOARTHROSIS: RESULTS OF LNTERTROCHANTERIC OSTEOTOMY
Authors: Roper Brian A. 
Published: February 2018

1. The results of fourteen intertrochanteric osteotomies in thirteen patients with painful arthrosis of the hip with Paget's disease of the related bones have been analysed. 2. The findings suggest that osteotomy carried out in this condition before the femoral head collapses has much the same prognosis as osteotomy carried out at a similar stage of idiopathic osteoarthrosis.
FEMORAL NERVE NEUROPATHY COMPUCATING ILIOPSOAS HAEMORRHAGE IN PATIENTS WITHOUT HAEMOPHILIA
Authors: Gertzbein S. D. , Evans D. C. 
Published: February 2018

1. Paralysis of the femoral nerve secondary to haemorrhage of the iliopsoas muscle is described. 2. Four cases are presented. None of the patients had haemophilia, but one was receiving anticoagulant treatment–the second reported case in the literature. Only one case in a non-haemophiliac not receiving anticoagulants has been described previously. We have added three more such cases. 3. This condition can usually be managed conservatively because recovery can be expected. We believe that operation is indicated only if the lesion progresses and the symptoms and signs increase. 4. These cases underline the importance of assessing the femoral nerve in patients with hip symptoms after trauma. Iliopsoas haemorrhage should be suspected as the cause of femoral nerve neuropathy in cases of trauma to the back in adolescents or in those receiving anticoagulants.
OSTEOTOMY-EXCISION OF THE SPINE FOR LUMBAR KYPHOSIS IN OLDER CHILDREN WITH MYELOMENINGOCELE
Authors: Sharrard W. J. W. , Drennan J. C. 
Published: February 2018

1. The etiology and natural progress of lumbar kyphosis in children from three to twelve years of age with myelomeningocele are reviewed. 2. The indications for operation have included intractable or recurrent skin ulceration, inability to wear calipers for walking, inability to sit in a wheel-chair and inability to perform ileal conduit operations. 3. The technique of osteotomy-excision of lumbar vertebrae used in eighteen cases is described. 4. The results in fourteen children are described. The primary aims of operation have been achieved in all patients. 5. A comparison is made with the results of neonatal osteotomy-excision of the spine in the newborn. Recurrence of deformity, but at a much reduced rate, must be anticipated after either operation.
THE LONG-TERM RESULTS OF LOW-FRICTION ARTHROPLASTY OF THE HIP PERFORMED AS A PRIMARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Charnley John 
Published: February 2018

1. The results have been reported of total hip replacement by a low-friction technique using high-density polyethylene for the acetabular component in 379 primary interventions, performed between November 1962 and December 1965 and followed for between four and seven years. 2. Apart from failures due to infection, the rate of which in the era under review was 3·8 per cent, late failures from mechanical causes were unusual after total hip replacement by this technique. When the socket was cemented in position, which is now routine, the late mechanical failure from all causes was only 1·3 per cent in 210 cases. 3. As regards the quality of the results and their maintenance over the years, the results were so good (Table X) that it was unnecessary to distinguish an intermediate class of "improvement" between success and failure. 4. As regards relief of pain and ability to walk, the average final rating, on a scale numbered 1 to 6, was 5·9 for both, indicating 90 per cent of patients in Grade 6 (excellent) and only 10 per cent in Grade 5 (good). 5. The average recovery of movement was not as spectacular and was influenced considerably by the pre-operative range, but in all cases that range was improved on. Even starting with the stiffest of hips about one patient in four regained a right angle of flexion movement. There was no tendency to lose movement with the passage of time. 6. As regards late infection (2·2 per cent out of a total of 3·8 per cent), the various findings tend to exonerate cement as a cause. 7. The mechanical details of the technique became stabilised in the period 1959 to 1962 in the Teflon era, and with the exception of improved methods of reattachment of the greater trochanter, they are identical with our current practice in 1971.
THE MACINTOSH TIBIAL PLATEAU HEMIPROSTHESIS FOR THE RHEUMATOID KNEE
Authors: Kay Neville R. M. , Martins H. Delgado 
Published: February 2018

1. Thirty-nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had had a MacIntosh tibial plateau hemiarthroplasty are reviewed. 2. From the clinical findings it is possible to suggest a basis for the selection of suitable patients for the procedure. 3. Eighty-five per cent of the patients obtained relief of pain with good function of the knee. 4. The complications were infection and instability of the prosthesis.
ANTIBIOTICS IN ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Blockey N. J. , McAllister T. A. 
Published: February 2018

1. Continued follow-up of the 113 children with acute osteomyelitis previously reported and a study of a further thirty-eight proven cases has not changed our opinion that the correct management is rest and effective antibiotics. Operation should be undertaken only if pus is detectable clinically. 2. Bacteriological evidence shows that the flora causing this disease are less sensitive to benzylpenicillin than ten years ago and that a proportion are also likely to become resistant to methicillin and cloxacillin. 3. The most effective antibiotic combination used was fusidic acid and erythromycin. This lowered the failure rate to 10·5 per cent in thirty-eight proven cases. Two of the four failures were in haemophilus infections. No staphylococcal infection of a long bone became chronic, and all lesions were healed within three months of onset. 4. The duration of treatment (twenty-one days) and the method of splintage (removable plaster slabs) remained the same as in the previous series. 5. Careful watch must be kept on the incidence of haemophilus infections. If it rises, increasing the erythromycin or adding ampicillin may be necessary. 6. Use of the newer aqueous suspension of fusidic acid may lower the incidence of troublesome vomiting (12 per cent in this series). 7. Only 7 per cent of staphylococcus aureus infections in this hospital, and 17 per cent of such infections in our thirty-eight cases were sensitive to benzylpenicillin. It is thought that this drug has outlived its usefulness in osteomyelitis. 8. It is recommended that, on diagnosis, fusidic acid aqueous suspension 5 millilitres should be given three times a day to children aged one to five, and 10 millilitres twice a day for children aged six to twelve, with erythromycin stearate 30 milligrams per kilogram of body weight each day in divided doses.
SYNOVIAL RUPTURE OF THE KNEE JOINT
Authors: Solomon L. , Berman L. 
Published: February 2018

1. Twenty-two cases of synovial rupture of the knee have been studied. This condition may complicate any chronic synovitis of the knee in which a tense intra-articular effusion is subjected to increased tension during flexion and extension of the joint. 2. Two types of rupture have been seen; a herniation of the synovial membrane into the popliteal fossa and down the leg, and an acute synovial tear with extravasation of joint contents between the muscle planes of the calf. 3. The diagnosis of this condition, the differentiation of the types of rupture and their treatment are discussed. 4. The acute rupture usually responds to simple bed-rest; the large synovial herniations often need removal and repair of the posterior capsule.
PROGRESSIVE AND RESOLVING INFANTILE IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Ferreira J. H. , de Janeiro Rio , James J. I. P. 
Published: February 2018

1. Resolving infantile scoliosis is transient and unimportant; progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis can be catastrophic. 2. To be able to differentiate the two at an early stage is a considerable advance. This is important for many reasons, but particularly for parents who are anxious for the future of an infant with a small curve which looks so innocent but which can be so malignant. 3. With the new observations reported by Mehta on the difference of the angles between the apical vertebra and its two ribs, and on the radiological relationship of these rib heads to the vertebral body, the prognosis is now almost wholly reliable. 4. Our former clinical impression that all cases with compensatory curves are progressive has now been verified. 5. At last an early distinction between progressive and resolving scoliosis can be made with confidence.
CAPSULAR COMPLIANCE AND PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN NORMAL AND ARTHRITIC KNEES
Authors: Myers D. B. , Palmer D. G. 
Published: February 2018

1. Joint compliance estimations were made on the knee joints of fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis, three patients with osteoarthritis and three healthy volunteers. 2. Diminishing values for capsular compliance were found in the normal volunteers, the patients under the age of thirty-five years with rheumatoid arthritis, the patients with osteoarthritis and the patients over the age of forty years with rheumatoid arthritis respectively. 3. In the young adult normal volunteers the average compliance was 8·1 cubic centimetres per millimetre of mercury at an intra-articular pressure of 5 millimetres of mercury and 0·7 cubic centimetre per millimetre of mercury at 50 millimetres of mercury. In the older patients with rheumatoid disease the average compliance was 2·1 cubic centimetres per millimetre of mercury at 5 millimetres of mercury and 0·4 cubic centimetre per millimetre of mercury at 50 millimetres of mercury. 4. Both the effects of ageing and the effects of disease appeared to be responsible for the low capsular compliance observed in patients over the age of forty years with rheumatoid arthritis, but duration of disease did not seem to be a contributing factor.
DOUBLE HEMIARTHROPLASTY OF THE KNEE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Hastings David E. , Hewitson W. A. 
Published: February 2018

1. Of fifty consecutive double hemiarthroplasties of the knee for rheumatoid arthritis using Maclntosh prostheses, forty-six were available for detailed assessment in thirty-six patients after one to six years. 2. Two early deaths were related to the operation but two late deaths were not. Three knees required revision, one of them twice. 3. The late results were 87 per cent good and 13 per cent fair. No patients followed up were the same as previously or worse. Every patient stated that he would have the operation performed again. 4. In our experience this operation in carefully selected patients produces satisfactory results. It is essential that great care is given to the operative technique.
THE ELLIS PLATE OPERATION FOR SMITH'S FRACTURE
Authors: Fuller David J. 
Published: February 2018

1. Thirty-one patients treated with the Ellis plate for Smith's fracture have been examined and the results of the operation are presented. 2. The Type 1 fractures can usually be treated equally well by plaster or by internal fixation. The only compelling indication for open reduction and fixation with the Ellis plate is persistent anterior angulation at the fracture site despite the external splintage. 3. The Type 2 fracture should be treated by open reduction and fixation with the Ellis plate. 4. The Ellis plate is not indicated for the routine treatment of Type 3 fractures.
RESECTION OSTEOSYNTHESIS AND BOYD AMPUTATION FOR CONGENITAL PSEUDARTHROSIS OF THE TIBIA
Authors: Edvardsen Per 
Published: February 2018

1. A case of congenital bowing of the tibia is described in which pseudarthrosis developed and recurred after nine operations performed by the age of ten years. 2. Union was finally secured by a procedure based on deep impaction of the trimmed upper fragment into the reamed-out lower fragment. This was followed by a Boyd type of partial amputation of the foot with calcaneo-tibial arthrodesis. 3. The end-bearing stump four years later is entirely satisfactory and the simple prosthesis gives equality of leg lengths.
THE SNAPPING SCAPULA AND SUBSCAPULAR EXOSTOSES
Authors: Parsons T. A. 
Published: February 2018

1. Five cases are reported in which snapping of the scapula was caused by subscapular exostosis. In the four cases in which the exostosis was excised, symptoms were relieved without loss of scapular movement. 2. Antero-posterior views of the scapula do not always show the exostosis, and oblique views are recommended. 3. Winging of the scapula may be caused by a subscapular mass, with a neurologically intact subscapularis muscle. 4. Apart from subscapular exostoses, snapping of the scapula may be caused by exostoses or abnormal angles on the ribs, by Luschka's tubercle, or by an abnormal forward curve of the superior angle of the scapula.
THE QUANTITATIVE COLOUR TELEVISION IMAGE ANALYSER
Authors: Dickson R. A. , Paice F. , Calnan J. S. 
Published: February 2018

1. A new piece of equipment, the quantitative colour television image analyser, has been introduced as providing a superior method for measuring bone density. 2. This method produces not only a numerical result but also a pattern of density distribution in the form of a seven colour contour map. 3. The changes in twenty rheumatoid hands at an interval of one year have been measured. The metacarpals and proximal phalanges always lose bone, but the metacarpo-phalangeal joint may gain in density if the disease process is far advanced. Some areas can lose 50 per cent of bone in one year.
ATLANTO-AXIAL SUBLUXATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Rana N. A. , Hancock D. O. , Taylor A. R. , Hill A. G. S. 
Published: February 2018

1. This paper presents the neurological findings in forty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by atlanto-axial subluxation. 2. A method of radiological measurement of the subluxation is described. The extent of neurological involvement was found not to correspond with the degree of subluxation. 3. Fusion of the atlanto-axial complex or of the occipito-atlanto-axial complex is indicated only in patients with progressive neurological signs and in those suffering from acute neurological episodes. 4. Difficulty in obtaining fusion with cancellous bone grafts alone was encountered and we recommend wiring of the laminae C.1 to C.2 in addition.
RADIOGRAPHIC ESTIMATION OF VERTEBRAL ROTATION IN SCOLIOSIS
Authors: Mehta M. H. 
Published: February 2018

1. The radiographic appearance of normal thoracic and lumbar vertebrae at 15-degree intervals of rotation is described. Each image can be identified by its characteristic features. 2. The appearance on antero-posterior radiographs of apical vertebrae in scoliosis closely resembles the normal at each phase of rotation, on the basis of which an image-matching method is proposed for estimating rotation in scoliosis. 3. The method gives only approximate values of rotation but has the advantage of being able to monitor rotation through 90 degrees.
THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CONGENITAL VERTICAL TALUS
Authors: Colton Christopher L. 
Published: February 2018

1. Congenital vertical talus is described and the criteria for diagnosis are emphasised. The need for its distinction from other forms of convex pes valgus is stressed. 2. The operative technique of Stone for Lloyd-Roberts (1963) is detailed and the results of seven such operations are examined. 3. Departure from the technique in any respect has resulted in an unsatisfactory outcome, whereas stringent observation of the operative details has resulted in uniformly good results in four patients. 4. Certain aspects of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, etiology, pathology and surgical management are discussed, together with a review of some of the relevant literature.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE AND IMPLANTATION SITE ON BONE AND CARTILAGE INDUCTION IN VARIOUS ANIMALS
Authors: Wlodarski K. , Hancox N. M. , Brooks Brenda 
Published: February 2018

1. Decalcified lyophilised rat bone matrix prepared by Urist's method acts as an inductor of cartilage and bone when implanted into animals of other species, namely mice, rabbits and gerbils. Induction in rabbits and gerbils was very much weaker than in the mouse. 2. The site of implantation affected the outcome; intramuscular implants induced cartilage and bone more strongly and regularly than subcutaneous or intraperitoneal implants. 3. Rabbit transitional epithelium, growing in cortisone-treated gerbils, caused bone induction, but in general, results with this species suggest that it responds poorly to bone-inducing stimuli. 4. Cortisone, used as an immunosuppressant, did not inhibit bone and cartilage induction.
OSTEOSCLEROSIS IN MYELOMA
Authors: Brown T. S. , Paterson C. R. 
Published: February 2018

1. The case is reported of a woman aged sixty-five with widespread osteosclerosis as a feature of IgA myelomatosis. 2. Improvement was noted after treatment by cyclophosphamide and prednisolone. 3. Only two previously reported cases of myeloma with osteosclerosis of comparable extent have been found, but in forty-seven other cases in the literature some sclerosis has been noted. 4. The finding of sclerotic lesions should not rule out multiple myeloma.
CALCANEO-FIBULAR ABUTMENT FOLLOWING CRUSH FRACTURE OF THE CALCANEUS
Authors: St C. John F. 
Published: February 2018

1. In a severe crush fracture of the calcaneus part of the lateral cortex may be displaced to lie under the tip of the lateral malleolus. This may cause local pain and tenderness, either by direct bony abutment or by compression of the peroneal tendons. 2. Such pain is usually relieved by excision of the tip of the lateral malleolus, a minor procedure. 3. Four of the five patients reported were completely relieved of lateral pain, and the fifth has only slight residual discomfort. 4. It is important to be aware of this lesion and not to advise subtalar or triple fusion when simple excision of the tip of the fibula would suffice.
THE CONSERVATIVE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC ASEPTIC NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
Authors: Kerboul M. , Thomine J. , Postel M. , D'Aubigné R. Merle 
Published: February 2018

1. The surgical treatment of idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head has been reviewed in the light of experience gained from 240 hips operated upon. 2. When pain is not severe and the necrosis of bone as seen in serial radiographs is not rapidly progressive, simple observation and palliative medical treatment are indicated. 3. When pain disables the patient and collapse of the head is progressive, operation is indicated. If radiographs show necrosis limited to the anterior part of the head and sparing an arc of at least 20 degrees of the lateral part, either an osteotomy bringing the shaft into adduction and flexion or an "adjusted cup" arthroplasty is indicated, with a preference for the latter because it gives better results in a shorter time. 4. If at arthrotomy the necrosis appears to involve the posterior slope of the head, prosthetic replacement, preferably total, should be undertaken.
EVALUATION OF THE GURD TEST FOR FAT EMBOLISM
Authors: Nolte W. J. , Olofsson T. , Scherstén T. , Lewis D. H. 
Published: February 2018

1. Blood from forty-one healthy volunteers, seventy-one patients with fractures but without symptoms of fat embolism and seven patients with clinical evidence of fat embolism was examined microscopically for fat droplets and chemically for triglycerides. 2. Fat droplets, after Millipore filtration of the blood, were seen evenly distributed in all three groups. 3. There was no significant difference in triglyceride concentration between serum and filtrate in the three groups. 4. The results do not support the thesis that the Gurd test is a reliable aid in the diagnosis of fat embolism.