bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slouching Towards Decentralization: An Equilibrium Approach to Collective Bargaining
Authors: Cardullo Gabriele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although European institutions and national governments have long pushed for a more decentralized wage bargaining structure, in some countries, it is difficult for company- or establishment-level negotiations to take place. This paper offers an interpretation of this difficulty based on workers’ optimal choices in a strategic framework. I construct an equilibrium matching model that explains under which conditions it is best for workers to negotiate their entire wage at the sectoral level (one-tier bargaining) or to allow for a fraction of their salary be negotiated at the company level (two-tier bargaining). Workers’ strategies do not simply depend on their own characteristics or on those of their firm. They also depend on the decisions of all other employees in the sector. Three alternative Nash equilibria may occur: one-tier bargaining for all workers; two-tier bargaining for all workers; and two-tier bargaining for the most productive workers and one-tier bargaining for all other workers. The prevalence of a specific equilibrium over others hinges on some critical factors, notably the elasticity of the matching function and the properties of the productivity distribution.
Design of Ultra-Stable Solid Amine Adsorbents and Mechanisms of Hydroxyl Group-Dependent Deactivation for Reversible CO2 Capture from Flue Gas
Authors: Zhao Meng , Huang Liang , Gao Yanshan , Wang Ziling , Liang Shuyu , Zhu Xuancan , Wang Qiang , He Hong , O’Hare Dermot 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although supported solid amine adsorbents have attracted great attention for CO2 capture, critical chemical deactivation problems including oxidative degradation and urea formation have severely restricted their practical applications for flue gas CO2 capture. In this work, we reveal that the nature of surface hydroxyl groups (metal hydroxyl Al–OH and nonmetal hydroxyl Si–OH) plays a key role in the deactivation mechanisms. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) supported on Al–OH-containing substrates suffers from severe oxidative degradation during the CO2 capture step due to the breakage of amine-support hydrogen bonding networks, but exhibits an excellent anti-urea formation feature by preventing dehydration of carbamate products under a pure CO2 regeneration atmosphere. In contrast, PEI supported on Si–OH-containing substrates exhibits excellent anti-oxidative stability under simulated flue gas conditions by forming a robust hydrogen bonding protective network with Si–OH, but suffers from obvious urea formation during the pure CO2 regeneration step. We also reveal that the urea formation problem for PEI-SBA-15 can be avoided by the incorporation of an OH-containing PEG additive. Based on the intrinsic understanding of degradation mechanisms, we successfully synthesized an adsorbent 40PEI-20PEG-SBA-15 that demonstrates outstanding stability and retention of a high CO2 capacity of 2.45 mmol g−1 over 1000 adsorption–desorption cycles, together with negligible capacity loss during aging in simulated flue gas (10% CO2 + 5% O2 + 3% H2O) for one month at 60–70 °C. We believe this work makes great contribution to the advancement in the field of ultra-stable solid amine-based CO2 capture materials.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir in Water Using the UV/TiO2/H2O2 Hybrid System
Authors: Ncube Pauline , Zvinowanda Caliphs , Ntuli Freeman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the removal of antiretroviral (ARV) drug residues of emtricitabine (FTC), lamivudine (LVD) and Tenofovir (TFV) from water using the UV–Vis/TiO2/H2O2 hybrid system. Evaluations of operational factors, degradation kinetics, scavenger effects, degradation pathways, and reusability of the catalyst were the key objectives of the study. The central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization. Five variables (pH, pollutant concentration, TiO2 loading, H2O2 dosage and time) were optimized. The removal realized was 92.56% (FTC), 91.67% (LVD) and 94.83% (TFV) respectively under optimum conditions. The degradations obeyed the pseudo-first-order model with the rate constant (k1) of 0.10773 min−1 (FTC), 0.0513 min−1 (TFV,) and 0.04756 min−1 (LVD). pH and H2O2 had a positive influence on pollutant removals up to optimum conditions. The ·OH and h
+ were the major contributors to pollutant degradations. The synthesized TiO2 could be reused in four successive cycles for the effective degradation of all the ARVs. The research shows that the UV–Vis/TiO2/H2O2 hybrid system may provide an alternative treatment method for the ARVs in water.

Graphical Abstract
Designing a Machine Learning-Based Model Integrating Clinical Orders for Child Abuse and Neglect Identification with Focus on Reducing Socio-economic Bias
Authors: Landau Aviv Y. , Blanchard Ashley , Kulkarni Paritosh , Althobaiti Shahad , Idnay Betina , Patton Desmond U. , Topaz Maxim , Cato Kenrick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Emergency departments (EDs) face challenges in identifying child abuse and neglect, often influenced by biases disproportionately affecting marginalized groups. While combining electronic health records (EHRs) with machine learning holds promise for addressing these biases, previous work has not integrated the Area Deprivation Index (a measure of socio-economic background). We analyzed 33,961 pediatric ED visits, of which 74 had suspected abuse or neglect incidents, to develop a machine learning model that emphasizes clinical orders and mitigates socio-economic biases. Evaluations across socio-economic strata based on the Area Deprivation Index revealed that a combined text and structured EHR model incorporating socio-economic variables achieved a precision of 0.8 for patients from disadvantaged backgrounds and 0.81 for those from more affluent groups. Key findings indicate that certain clinical orders were associated with increased reporting among lower socio-economic groups, whereas more affluent groups exhibited more critical ED visit attributes. These findings emphasize how ED clinical protocols can aid in identifying potential child abuse and neglect, while also highlighting differing indicators of protective service reports across socio-economic groups.
Determining the 2D spatial distribution of plasma parameters in a cylindrical cross section of a radio-frequency ion thruster by optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Becker Felix , Sarnoch Pascal , Holste Kristof , Leiter Hans , Klar Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gridded ion engines, such as the radio-frequency ion thruster, are highly efficient designs for generating thrust on satellites or spacecrafts for both commercial and scientific missions, due to the very high exhaust velocities achieved. A thorough understanding of the low-temperature and low-pressure plasma parameters is essential in order to characterize, design, and optimize such a thruster. Corresponding plasma parameters can be obtained non-invasively from empirical correlations between the results of Langmuir double probe measurements and optical emission spectroscopy. The plasma parameters can be extracted solely from the recorded optical emission spectra once such an empirical correlation is established for a specific experimental setup and various operation conditions. Light from an object plane at a specified depth within the plasma is focussed onto the projection plane, using a telescopic arrangement of lenses and an aperture. Despite being out of focus, the grid structure is still identifiable though slightly blurred. By carefully scanning across this image, taking spectra at every light spot, we can record a series of optical emission spectra where each spectrum corresponds to a plasma volume located in the object plane behind a grid hole. The object plane is a 2D cross section within the bulk of the plasma at a distance of 5 cm behind the grid. Our approach therefore allows us to monitor the spatial profiles of plasma parameters in this cross section of the RIT 10 for different operating points of the thruster. Such spatial profiles are essential for characterizing thruster performance and improving global modeling of such thrusters. We believe that this method is also applicable for RITs of other sizes in the context of space qualification.
Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell in Cardiovascular Diseases: Complexities and Potentials
Authors: Sun Haibei , Liu Weizhuo , Yu Zelin , He Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a class of lymphocytes that do not express specific antigen recognition receptors, which play a significant role in various diseases due to their unique immunomodulatory functions. Among these, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) form a distinct subpopulation and are recognized as key mediators in anti-infective and allergic responses. Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of intensive care unit admissions. Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure, have a complex pathogenesis involving inflammation, tissue injury, and repair. Recent studies suggest that ILC2s are crucial in cardiovascular diseases by regulating inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and facilitating cardiac remodeling through the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, etc. However, ILC2s have a complex role in cardiovascular health, potentially contributing to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure in certain contexts. Thus, the precise mechanisms by which ILC2s influence cardiovascular disease processes remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding ILC2 mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases and explores their potential as therapeutic targets, aiming to identify new treatment strategies.
An efficient leaf regeneration and genetic transformation system for Pyrus betulifolia
Authors: Yu Zhihui , Wang Yuqi , Zhang Manyu , Liu Qiushi , Pan Qi , Li Tianzhong , Wang Shengnan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pears rank as the third most produced fruit in China, with widespread cultivation throughout the country. Asexual propagation, primarily through grafting onto Pyrus betulifolia rootstocks, is the predominant method of cultivation. However, the absence of an efficient genetic transformation system for P. betulifolia significantly hinders genetic enhancement efforts for pear rootstocks. In this study, TDL39, a P. betulifolia genotype, was identified for its remarkable regenerative capacity. Leaf strips derived from 60-day-old TDL39 seedlings were cultured abaxial side up on a regeneration medium consisting of NN69, 3.0 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 30 g/L sucrose, and 6.6 g/L agar. The strips were kept in the dark for 28 days and subsequently exposed to light for 30 days, resulting in the formation of adventitious shoots with an average regeneration rate of 81.5%. Employing this regeneration protocol, transgenic P. betulifolia plants overexpressing the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene were successfully generated, with 15 mg/L kanamycin (Kan) used for selection. The highest transformation efficiency achieved was 4.2%. This study successfully establishes a regeneration system for P. betulifolia and facilitates the production of transgenic plants, thereby advancing molecular breeding and the functional characterization of P. betulifolia and other pear genotypes.
Unravelling variations in 21st century East Asia’s pronatalist family policy through the lens of inclusiveness
Authors: Ryu Sunwoo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Facing dwindling birthrates, East Asia has shown unprecedented fertility-oriented family policy expansion. Despite this shared objective, this research argues that East Asian family policy has varied in ‘inclusiveness’, namely, the extent to which it equally promotes all births, irrespective of familial socioeconomic status in particular. Firstly, from an inclusiveness-centred perspective, this article builds three different ideal pronatalist family policy approaches: the ‘inclusive’, where pronatalist family support is provided for almost everyone; the ‘selective’, where it is more accessible to middle-/upper-income households; and the ‘residual’, where it is concentrated on low-income classes. Guided by this conceptual framework, it compares Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. It reveals that Japan and Singapore promoted a selective path, and Taiwan favoured a residual one, whilst South Korea pioneered more inclusive support. However, it also suggests that the other three societies recently adopted more inclusive pronatalist family policies, especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
From ‘Sorceress’ to Ambassador: Reading Anna Caroline de Belleville’s Symbiotic Relationships with her Pianos
Authors: LIU PENG 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, concert reviews often judged pianists and pianos on their combined value. This critical tendency is exemplified in the professional career of virtuoso pianist Anna Caroline de Belleville. This article examines the reciprocal relationship between Belleville and her pianos — particularly Érard’s and Streicher’s — within the contexts of the technological development of piano-making and piano performance culture. I argue that the distinct advantages of Belleville’s pianos helped her develop a well-rounded pianism that combined both brilliancy and lyricism, winning her a place among the most distinguished pianists of the day. Furthermore, Belleville’s active engagement with and promotion of her pianos enhanced the instruments’ own reputation and commerciality. This understudied yet illuminating story about the interdependency of the virtuoso and her instruments (and attendant instrument makers) enriches our understanding of nineteenth-century performance culture by highlighting the inextricable relationship between technology, virtuosity, commerciality, and entrepreneurship.
Legitimising regimes and legalising self-defence groups: the case of Burkina Faso's VDPs
Authors: Saidou Abdoul Karim , Honig Lauren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The formalisation of informal security-providers has important consequences for citizenship, the rule of law, and human rights. We examine these policies in Burkina Faso, where formalisation has led to concerns about vigilante justice and ethnic targeting. Although African governments' reliance on informal security provision is well-documented, less is known about the origins of formalisation policies. To advance theory-building in this domain, this paper examines the political logic of empowering self-defence groups through the study of Burkina Faso's 2022 junta government, with comparisons to two prior regimes. We argue that formalisation is not only a mechanism for overcoming vexing security challenges, but is a tool used by leaders to build legitimacy and strengthen the regime's grip on power. In doing so, the article contributes insights into the origins of governmental policies towards self-defence groups, with implications for the study of political legitimacy, security provision and citizen–state relations.
Comparative outcome analysis of direct anastomosis and bovine pericardial patch augmentation techniques in arch reconstruction for paediatric patients
Authors: Yilmaz Mustafa , S.Turkcan Basak , Ecevit Ata N. , Bagrul Denizhan , Atalay Atakan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The treatment for proximal aortic arch hypoplasia in paediatric patients is still controversial. While some authors favours direct tissue anastomosis, others state that patch augmentation may also be a good alternative. The aim of this study is to compare the results of arch reconstructions using bovine pericardium with the direct anastomosis technique.

Materials and method:
Paediatric patients who underwent arch reconstruction via median sternotomy between 2019 and 2023 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the repair method of arch reconstructions: direct native tissue anastomosis and bovine pericardial patch augmentation. Using perioperative data, the relationship between the surgical method and postoperative morbidity, in-hospital mortality, and the risks for early reintervention was investigated.

Results:
Between August 2019 and August 2023, 38 paediatric patients underwent arch reconstruction. The average age and weight of the patients were 40 days (15–157.5 days, interquartile) and 3.78 kg (3.2–6.0 kg, interquartile range), respectively. While completely native tissue anastomosis was applied in 18 of the patients (47.4%), bovine pericardial patch was used in arch reconstruction in 20 patients (52.6%). Cross-clamp time was found to be significantly longer in patients using bovine patches (p = .016). No difference was detected between the two surgical methods in terms of postoperative mortality and morbidity factors (p > .05). There was no significant difference between the two surgical procedures in terms of reintervention in the early period after discharge (p = .177).

Conclusion:
Although early results of both reconstruction techniques may be promising, their reliability needs to be evaluated in detail with large-scale prospective studies.
The Trim32-DPEP2 axis is an inflammatory switch in macrophages during intestinal inflammation
Authors: Zhan Zhiyan , Liang Huisheng , Zhao Zhuoqi , Pan Liya , Li Jing , Chen Yuyun , Xie Zhoulonglong , Yan Zhilong , Xiang Ying , Liu Wenxue , Hong Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The mechanisms via which inflammatory macrophages mediate intestinal inflammation are not completely understood. Herein, using merged analysis of RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, we detected differences between proteomic and transcriptomic data in activated macrophages. Dipeptidase-2 (DPEP2), a member of the DPEP family, was highly expressed and then downregulated sharply at the protein level but not at the mRNA level in macrophages in response to inflammatory stimulation. Suppression of DPEP2 not only enhanced macrophage-mediated intestinal inflammation in vivo but also promoted the transduction of inflammatory pathways in macrophages in vitro. Mechanistically, overexpressed DPEP2 inhibited the transduction of inflammatory signals by resisting MAK3K7 in inactivated macrophages, whereas DPEP2 degradation by activated Trim32 resulted in strong activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling via the release of MAK3K7 in proinflammatory macrophages during the development of intestinal inflammation. The Trim32-DPEP2 axis accumulates the potential energy of inflammation in macrophages. These results identify DPEP2 as a key regulator of macrophage-mediated intestinal inflammation. Thus, the Trim32-DPEP2 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
Developing elastic foamed TPU fibers for dynamically daytime radiative cooling textile with buoyancy function
Authors: Wang Yushu , Huang Hanyi , Wang Zeling , Zhai Wentao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Porous materials are widely used in various scenarios due to their advantages such as good thermal insulation, flexibility, and ultra-lightness. Foaming technology has given porous materials more application areas by introducing uniformly distributed cellular structures into the polymer collective. In the past decade, we have conducted systematic studies around the preparation of multi-component polymer microporous materials and functional applications of porous materials. In this work, we propose the preparation of foamed TPU fibers and foamed fabrics (FT-fabric) with anisotropic cell structure using TPU as substrate by micro-extrusion foaming techniques. Thanks to the multistage cell distribution of the FT-fabric and the vibrational absorption of the polymer in the MIR band, the prepared FT-fabric has a near-infrared reflectance of >97%, which enables effective radiative cooling. The porous structure of the FT-fabric endows it with an ultra-low density, which is able to provide additional buoyancy in water. As a conceptual demonstration, FT-fabric is able to function as a cooling and buoyancy support in seaside scenarios, among other functions, providing a viable avenue for new functional garments.
Atopic disease and astigmatism: a population-based study
Authors: Safir Margarita , Nitzan Itay , Hanina Yair , Safir Ari , Levinger Eliya , Heller Dan , Sorkin Nir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the relationship between atopic disease and astigmatism in adolescence and young adulthood.

Methods
In this population-based cross-sectional study 897,811 medical records of Israeli adolescents and young adults without keratoconus were reviewed. The prevalence of low-to-moderate (3.00 > D ≥ 0.75) and high ( ≥ 3.00 D) astigmatism were calculated in cases with and without atopic disease, including ocular atopic disease (OAD), asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, angioedema/urticaria, and history of anaphylaxis. Relationships were analysed using multinominal logistic regression, with adjustments for relevant sociodemographic factors.

Results
A total of 897,811 adolescents were included in the analysis (mean age 17.2 ± 0.8 years, 57.8% men). OAD was found in 4702 individuals, with a prevalence of 0.5%. Adolescents with OAD demonstrated a gradual increase in odds ratio (OR) for low-to-moderate and for high astigmatism (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.27 and OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.63–2.70, respectively). This group also showed increased OR for with-the-rule astigmatism (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21–1.48). Other atopic diseases were associated with more modest ORs for low-to-moderate (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.11) and for high astigmatism (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19), persisting across all axis orientations. Sensitivity analysis revealed a dose-response relationship between OAD severity and astigmatism, and consistent point estimates in a group of 1331 adolescents diagnosed with OAD during military service.

Conclusions
This study establishes an association between OAD and astigmatism, highlighting the importance of effective OAD management. Further research into tailored therapeutic interventions that address both conditions concurrently is needed.