bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the Chinese ‘going out’ strategy and international trade
Authors: Abeliansky Ana Lucia , Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study is the first to estimate a system of simultaneous gravity equations for Chinese exports, imports and foreign direct investment (FDI) using a sample of 167 countries over the period 2003–2012. The main results indicate that trade and outward FDI are complementary. In particular, the authors show that outward Chinese FDI is related to higher exports and imports and that China trades more with countries hosting Chinese FDI. Results are also robust to the use of instrumental variables. Therefore, Chinese investment seems to foster trade.
The effect of double taxation treaties and territorial tax systems on foreign direct investment: evidence for Spain
Authors: Castillo-Murciego Ángela , López-Laborda Julio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper evaluates the effect of Double Taxation Treaties (DTTs) on Spain’s inward and outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for the period 1993–2013. Estimates produce positive and statistically significant coefficients. However, there are some differences between the inbound and outbound samples, the type of DTT and the group of developed and developing FDI partner countries. Moreover, interpretation of results differs depending on the fixed or random effects estimation technique used. The paper also analyses the effect on FDI of the rules agreed in DTTs and applied by the investors’ residence country in order to correct international double taxation. The authors conclude that the tax saving derived from the application by Spain of the territorial system is positively related to investment from this country to abroad. However, the tax saving provided by the application by the partner countries of the territorial system does not have a significant effect on the investment of these countries into Spain.
Hur lärare kan stödja andraspråkselever på gymnasiet att tala kemi
Authors: Seifeddine Ehdwall Dana , Wickman Per-Olof 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study we investigate how two didactic models can be used by chemistry teachers to improve teaching to support students with a second language to “talk chemistry”. The study contributes to show how these models can be used by chemistry teachers to organize, perform and assess chemistry lessons in a way that better supports second language students to become more active in talking and so learn chemistry. The material consists of video and audio recordings from chemistry lessons in an introductory class in upper secondary school in Sweden. The study was carried out in two cycles of planning, teaching and analysis in two successive classes. The first cycle entailed analyzing how a “normal” chemistry lesson gave students opportunities to talk and learn chemistry. In cycle 2 changes were made by using the models for the purpose of increasing the students’ opportunities to “talk chemistry”. Our findings show how teachers can support also second language students’ learning to “talk chemistry” by using the didactic models developed for mono-lingual classrooms when planning and performing chemistry lessons.
A systematic comparison of eight new plastome sequences from Ipomoea L
Authors: Sun Jianying , Dong Xiaofeng , Cao Qinghe , Xu Tao , Zhu Mingku , Sun Jian , Dong Tingting , Ma Daifu , Han Yonghua , Li Zongyun 
Published: March 2019

Background
Ipomoea is the largest genus in the family Convolvulaceae. The species in this genus have been widely used in many fields, such as agriculture, nutrition, and medicine. With the development of next-generation sequencing, more than 50 chloroplast genomes of Ipomoea species have been sequenced. However, the repeats and divergence regions in Ipomoea have not been well investigated. In the present study, we sequenced and assembled eight chloroplast genomes from sweet potato’s close wild relatives. By combining these with 32 published chloroplast genomes, we conducted a detailed comparative analysis of a broad range of Ipomoea species.

Methods
Eight chloroplast genomes were assembled using short DNA sequences generated by next-generation sequencing technology. By combining these chloroplast genomes with 32 other published Ipomoea chloroplast genomes downloaded from GenBank and the Oxford Research Archive, we conducted a comparative analysis of the repeat sequences and divergence regions across the Ipomoea genus. In addition, separate analyses of the Batatas group and Quamoclit group were also performed.

Results
The eight newly sequenced chloroplast genomes ranged from 161,225 to 161,721 bp in length and displayed the typical circular quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (30,798–30,910 bp each) separated by a large single copy (LSC) region (87,575–88,004 bp) and a small single copy (SSC) region (12,018–12,051 bp). The average guanine-cytosine (GC) content was approximately 40.5% in the IR region, 36.1% in the LSC region, 32.2% in the SSC regions, and 37.5% in complete sequence for all the generated plastomes. The eight chloroplast genome sequences from this study included 80 protein-coding genes, four rRNAs (rrn23, rrn16, rrn5, and rrn4.5), and 37 tRNAs. The boundaries of single copy regions and IR regions were highly conserved in the eight chloroplast genomes. In Ipomoea, 57–89 pairs of repetitive sequences and 39–64 simple sequence repeats were found. By conducting a sliding window analysis, we found six relatively high variable regions (ndhA intron, ndhH-ndhF, ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL, rps16-trnQ, and ndhF) in the Ipomoea genus, eight (trnG, rpl32-trnL, ndhA intron, ndhF-rpl32, ndhH-ndhF, ccsA-ndhD, trnG-trnR, and pasA-ycf3) in the Batatas group, and eight (ndhA intron, petN-psbM, rpl32-trnL, trnG-trnR, trnK-rps16, ndhC-trnV, rps16-trnQ, and trnG) in the Quamoclit group. Our maximum-likelihood tree based on whole chloroplast genomes confirmed the phylogenetic topology reported in previous studies.

Conclusions
The chloroplast genome sequence and structure were highly conserved in the eight newly-sequenced Ipomoea species. Our comparative analysis included a broad range of Ipomoea chloroplast genomes, providing valuable information for Ipomoea species identification and enhancing the understanding of Ipomoea genetic resources.
Effect of Diets on Growth and Reproductive Performances of Growing Pigs Maintained at Farmer’s Door
Authors: Devi A. A. , Singh Deepak , Kumar Hemant 
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study was conducted to study the effect of different types of diets on growth and reproductive performances of pigs under village managemental conditions Chandel, Manipur.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandel, ICAR, Manipur Centre between May 2016 to November 2017.
Methods: The present study was carried out on 36 Hampshire crossbred pigs maintained by 12 farm women of Chandel district of Manipur. Each farm women were provided with 3 weaned piglets having 2 females and one male of about 3 months old. Out of which, the 50% (6 family) farm women were maintained their piglets on 40% wheat bran and 60 % rice fermented waste (D1), whereas pigs of rest 50% (6 family) farm women were maintained on 30 % crushed maize, 30 % rice bran and 40 % rice fermented waste (D2). The different parameters like body weight at different stage, age at sexual maturity, age at first farrowing, litter size at birth and litter size at weans were determined.
Results: Analysis of variance showed non-significant influence of diets on weight at various ages. The average initial body weight of piglets mentioned on D1 and D2 diets were 16.86 ± 0.25 and 16.75 ± 0.43 kg, respectively which was increased to 52.17 ± 1.86 and 53.56 ± 0.92 kg within three months of experimental period. Sex had significant influence on weight at 4th and 5th months of age. However, males were heavier than females at all the ages under study, the value at 6 months of age were 54.50 ± 1.66 and 52.04 ± 1.30 kg for males and females, respectively. Influence of diet was found to be non-significant on various reproductive traits. The age at sexual maturity, age at first farrowing, litter size at birth and at weaning were found to by 8.45 ± 0.23 and 8.23 ± 0.25 months, 12.95 ± 0.33 and 12.66 ± 0.30 months, 7.58 ± 0.31 and 7.75 ± 0.63 and 7.17 ± 0.13 and 7.42 ± 0.29 in D1 and D2 diets, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the rice fermented waste may be incorporated in pig grower ration upto 60 % level without any adverse effect on their growth and reproductive performance to cut down the cost on pig feed.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Gene Polymorphism (G894T) as a Risk Factor for obesity in the Egyptian Population
Authors: Elbaz Rizk , Barakat Lamiaa A. A. , Nageb Ahmed , Sayed Hewaydah El 
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (eNOS) is one of three isoforms that synthesize nitric oxide (NO), that participates in several biological processes have been associated with obesity. This study was undertaken to determine if eNOS gene (G894T) was associated with susceptibility of obesity.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 200 cases divided into 100 obese patient and 100 healthy as control. The mean age cases was (27.02 ± 10.90) they include 79 female and 21 males. All participants were subjected to an estimation of their body mass index (BMI), weight hip ratio (WHR), in addition to random blood sugar (RBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). DNA was amplified using PCR-SSP for detection of relation between polymorphism and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in G894T.
Results: All cases showed that there were no significant difference between cases and controls regarding to their chemical lab’s analysis (TG, Cholesterol, LDL and HDL).All cases showed significant frequency of G894T GG, TT and GT (P <0.001) vs. Controls
Conclusion: The polymorphism G894T of eNOS considered as a potential risk factor for obesity.
Nannochloropsis gaditana and Dunaliella salina as Feedstock for Biodiesel Production: Lipid Production and Biofuel Quality
Authors: Bredda Eduardo Henrique , Molgero Da Rós Patrícia Caroline , Pedro Guilherme Arantes , Castro Heizir Ferreira de , Silva Messias Borges 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Microalgal lipids have a wide range of applications, from biodiesel manufacture in the energy industry to the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the pharmaceutical industry. Microalgal lipid productivity and quality, however, vary greatly depending on cultivation parameters.
Aims: In this study, we investigated the potential of two marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis gaditana and Dunaliella salina, to be used as feedstock for biodiesel production.
Methodology: A Taguchi L4 orthogonal array design was applied to understand the effects of sodium acetate (0 or 2 g L−1), sodium bicarbonate (0 or 2 g L−1), and sodium nitrate (25 or 75 mg L−1) concentrations on biomass and lipid productivities. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of microalgal lipids obtained under the best conditions were determined, and FAME results were used to predict biodiesel properties.
Results: Both carbon sources (sodium acetate and sodium bicarbonate) improved biomass productivity. Lipid productivity was enhanced only by sodium acetate. The highest lipid productivities obtained were 10.25 ± 1.02 and 12.12 ± 0.28 mg L−1 day−1 for N. gaditana and D. salina, respectively. Palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:1), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), lauric (C12:0), and myristic (C14:0) acids were the major components of D. salina oil. The major fatty acids in N. gaditana oil were C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1.
Conclusion: The great differences in FAME profiles resulted in different biodiesel properties. Biodiesel from N. gaditana oil was predicted to have a higher cetane number (73.20) than that derived from D. salina oil (59.59). D. salina oil biodiesel, however, was predicted to have better properties than N. gaditana oil biodiesel, including lower cloud point (0.46°C) and cold filter plugging point (−7.27°C).
Disaggregated Analysis of Foreign Trade Impact on Economic Growth; Reflecting on the Nigeria Experience
Authors: Abiodun Dada, Matthew 
Published: March 2019

This study conducted a disaggregated analysis of foreign trade impact on economic growth using Nigeria historical data. The data used spans the period 1981-2017 on variables such as foreign trade decomposed into four components namely; oil import, oil export, non-oil import, and non-oil export. Others are GDP, aggregated government expenditure data and consumer price index. The variables were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria [CBN] Statistical Bulletin [latest edition] augmented with World Development Indicator [WDI], latest version and CBN Annual Report [various issues]. Models were formulated with and without recession dummy variable and estimated using (FMOLS) technique. Variables were tested and found to be non-stationary at level. They become stationary after first differencing, meaning that all variables exhibit a I[1] process. The group of I(1) variables were found to be cointegrated after testing for cointegration following a multivariate cointegration analysis proposed by Johansen and Juselius [20]. The result shows that non-oil trade has positive impact on growth while oil trade has negative impact on growth. The negative impact of oil trade declines marginally in recession period. Both government expenditure and consumer prices have significant positive impact on economic growth. This study strongly recommends that government in her effort to diversifying and repositioning the Nigerian economy should give urgent attention to the non-oil sector in order to boost trade in this sector to enhance economic growth. The study therefore concluded that foreign trade impact on economic growth in Nigeria depends largely on the magnitude of foreign trade resulting from non-oil export.
Investigation into the relationship between fatal work accidents, national income, and employment rate in developed and developing countries
Authors: Kahraman Esma , Akay Özlem , Mahmut Kılıç Ahmet 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Industrial advances, as a result of globalization, causes many threats to the working life. These threats are generally associated with the level of economic development of countries. While threats from industrialization are decreasing in developed countries, developing countries are still faced with these threats. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between fatal work accidents (FWA), and independent variables which are national income (NI) and employment rate (ER) in a number of selected countries.

Methods
In this study the relationship between FWA and independent variables which are NI and ER of 18 developed and developing countries and a region, between 2006 and 2015, was analyzed by applying panel data analysis.

Results
According to panel data analysis, whilst a 1% increase in the NI reduces the FWA rate by 1.1%, a 1% increase in the ER results in an increase of approximately 4% in the rate of FWA.

Conclusions
As a result, there was a negative relationship between the FWA and NI growth and a positive relationship with the ER
Technical Note: The use of DirectDensityTM and dual‐energy CT in the radiation oncology clinic
Authors: Nelson Geoff , Pigrish Vadim , Sarkar Vikren , Su Fan‐Chi , Salter Bill 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTwo new tools available in Radiation Oncology clinics are Dual‐energy CT (DECT) and Siemens’ DirectDensity™ (DD) reconstruction algorithm, which allows scans of any kV setting to use the same calibration. This study demonstrates why DD scans should not be used in combination with DECT and quantifies the magnitude of potential errors in image quality and dose.MethodsA CatPhan 504 phantom was scanned with a dual‐pass DECT and reconstructed with many different kernels, including several DD kernels. The HU values of various inserts were measured. The RANDO® man phantom was also scanned. Bone was contoured and then histograms of the bone HU values were analyzed for Filtered‐Backprojection (FBP) and DD reconstructions of the 80 and 140 kV scans, as well as several virtual, monoenergetic reconstructions generated from FBP and DD reconstructions. “Standard” dose distributions were calculated on several reconstructions of both phantoms for comparison.ResultsThe DD kernel overcorrected the high‐Z material inserts relative to bone, giving an excessively low relative electron density (RED). A unique artifact was observed in the high density inserts of the CatPhan in the monoenergetic scans when utilizing a DD kernel, due to the overcorrection in the DD scan of the material, especially at lower kV.ConclusionsWhile DD and DECT perform as expected when used independently, errors from their combined use were demonstrated. Dose errors from misuse of the DD kernel with DECT post‐processing were as large as 2.5%. The DECT post‐processing was without value because the HU differences between low and high energy were removed by the DD kernel. When using DD and DECT, we recommend the use of a DD reconstruction of the high energy scan for the dose calculation, and use of a FBP filter for the low and high energy scans for the DECT post‐processing.
Development and validation of an open source Monte Carlo dosimetry model for wide‐beam CT scanners using Fluka
Authors: Somasundaram Elanchezhian , Artz Nathan S. , Brady Samuel L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeDevelopment and validation of an open source Fluka‐based Monte Carlo source model for diagnostic patient dose calculations.MethodsA framework to simulate a computed tomography (CT) scanner using Fluka Monte Carlo particle transport code was developed. The General Electric (GE) Revolution scanner with the large body filter and 120 kV tube potential was characterized using measurements. The model was validated on benchmark CT test problems and on dose measurements in computed tomography dose index (CTDI) and anthropomorphic phantoms. Axial and helical operation modes with provision for tube current modulation (TCM) were implemented. The particle simulations in Fluka were accelerated by executing them on a high‐performance computing cluster.ResultsThe simulation results agreed to better than an average of 4% of the reference simulation results from the AAPM Report 195 test scenarios, namely: better than 2% for both test problems in case 4 using the PMMA phantom, and better than 5% of the reference result for 14 of 17 organs in case 5, and within 10% for the three remaining organs. The Fluka simulation results agreed to better than 2% of the air kerma measured in‐air at isocenter of the GE Revolution scanner. The simulated air kerma in the center of the CTDI phantom overestimated the measurement by 7.5% and a correction factor was introduced to account for this. The simulated mean absorbed doses for a chest scan of the pediatric anthropomorphic phantom was completed in ~9 min and agreed to within the 95% CI for bone, soft tissue, and lung measurements made using MOSFET detectors for fixed current axial and helical scans as well as helical scan with TCM.ConclusionA Fluka‐based Monte Carlo simulation model of axial and helical acquisition techniques using a wide‐beam collimation CT scanner demonstrated good agreement between measured and simulated results for both fixed current and TCM in complex and simple geometries. Code and dataset will be made available at https://github.com/chezhia/FLUKA_CT.
Artificial Organelles for Energy Regeneration
Authors: Otrin Lado , Kleineberg Christin , Caire da Silva Lucas , Landfester Katharina , Ivanov Ivan , Wang Minhui , Bednarz Claudia , Sundmacher Kai , Vidaković‐Koch Tanja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne of the critical steps in sustaining life‐mimicking processes in synthetic cells is energy, i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the simple addition of ATP or ATP regeneration systems, which do not regenerate ATP directly from ADP and Pi, have no or only limited success due to accumulation of ATP hydrolysis products. In general, ATP regeneration can be achieved by converting light or chemical energy into ATP, which may also involve redox transformations of cofactors. The present contribution provides an overview of the existing ATP regeneration strategies and the related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) redox cycling, with a focus on compartmentalized systems. Special attention is being paid to those approaches where so‐called artificial organelles are developed. They comprise a semipermeable membrane functionalized by biological or man‐made components and employ external energy in the form of light or nutrients in order to generate a transmembrane proton gradient, which is further utilized for ATP synthesis.
Programmable Electrofabrication of Porous Janus Films with Tunable Janus Balance for Anisotropic Cell Guidance and Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Lei Miao , Qu Xue , Liu Huan , Liu Yi , Wang Shijia , Wu Shang , Bentley William E. , Payne Gregory F. , Liu Changsheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJanus films with controlled pore structures can be particularly important in diverse applications. There remains a challenge for simple, rapid, and scalable fabrication methods to control Janus balance (JB) including the thickness of the individual face as well as porosity and pore size. Here the electrofabrication of a porous Janus film with controlled Janus balance from aminopolysaccharide chitosan under the salt effect is reported. Sequential deposition of chitosan under programmable salt environment and electrochemical conditions enables construction of Janus films with precisely controlled Janus balance. Bioactive partially soluble calcium phosphate (CaP) salts can also generate porous structure in Janus film. It is specifically reported that a chitosan/hydroxyl apatite (HAp) composite Janus film can serve as an effective scaffold for guided bone regeneration. The dense layer functions to provide mechanical support and serves as a barrier for fibrous connective tissue penetration. The porous composite layer functions to provide the microenvironment for osteogenesis. In vivo studies using a rat calvarial defect model confirm the beneficial features of this Janus composite for guided bone regeneration. These results suggest the potential of electrofabrication as a simple and scalable platform technology to tune the self‐organization of soft matter for a range of emerging applications.