bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitator and Peer Support in Collaborative Curriculum Design
Authors: Anto Arkato Gendole , Coenders Fer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of facilitator and peer support in collaborative curriculum design on English language teachers’ practice and learning of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and their students’ motivation in an Ethiopian university. The support had promising effects on teaching practice, student motivation, and CLT knowledge and beliefs of teachers in both support groups. Quantitative data analyses showed that teachers supported by peers had significantly better gains in their general CLT practice, but qualitative data analysis showed more comparable teacher learning gains across the two support groups. The study supported the conclusion that professional development in which teachers are supported by peers or facilitators in enacting innovative teaching practices seems promising.
Fostering the Sustainability and Scalability of Curriculum Innovations Through Collaborative Design
Authors: Bakah Marie A. B. , Nihuka Kassimu A. , Anto Arkato Gendole 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe three studies reported in this chapter seek the perspectives of teachers and school leaders on the sustainability of design teams in higher education. The first study pertains to the sustainability and scalability of teacher design teams in Ghana’s polytechnics. The second study investigated opportunities and challenges for large-scale implementation of e-learning by providing professional development for instructors through collaborative design at the Open University of Tanzania. Finally, the third study reports on the continued use of core elements of a collaborative professional development program for communicative language in Ethiopia. Data were collected among teachers who participated in design teams, non-participating teachers and management, between 6 and 18 months after the first implementation of teacher design teams. The findings of the three studies are presented. Opportunities for sustainability and implications of scaling up collaborative curriculum design in teacher design teams as a strategy for professional development and curriculum innovation are described and discussed.
The Need for Curriculum Leadership to Sustain Systematic and Collaborative Curriculum Design Practices
Authors: Albashiry Nabeel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study presented in this chapter is a synthesis of four sub-studies conducted in the context of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and the emergence of community colleges as TVET institutions in Yemen. Academic departments in these institutions, particularly the Heads of Departments (HoDs), are increasingly expected to lead curriculum (re-)design processes. This study elaborates on the concept of curriculum leadership and the competencies needed by HoDs to lead and sustain systematic and collaborative curriculum design activities within their departments. A two-round professional development arrangement was designed and implemented to support HoDs in achieving these expectations. The findings of the study are presented and implications for practice discussed.
Continuation of Collaborative Curriculum Design Outcomes: Teachers’ Transfer of Teaching with Technology
Authors: Agyei Douglas D. , Kafyulilo Ayoub 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe focus of most professional development projects is on achieving effects that will continue some years after the project’s termination. However, such effects are not often studied. The two studies reported in this chapter were conducted to investigate the extent to which pre-service and in-service teachers continued to use technology in their teaching after the professional development arrangement had ended. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge as a conceptual framework informed the content of the professional development program, while Learning Technology by Design shaped its approach. The findings of the two studies show that (pre-service) teachers contended that their participation in the professional development arrangement had broadened their view on teaching with technology; however, for (pre-service) teachers to understand and develop knowledge and skills related to TPACK in a valid and reliable way, it is important for them to focus on a specific content as well as a specific pedagogical approach in which a specific technology can be integrated. Continued use of technology was challenged by aspects of curriculum as well as the school context and culture. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Co-design as Infrastructuring with Attention to Power: Building Collective Capacity for Equitable Teaching and Learning Through Design-Based Implementation Research
Authors: Penuel William R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter integrates insights from earlier chapters in this volume by naming ways how co-design can support building collective capacity in educational systems for equitable change. By targeting infrastructure rather than innovations in isolation, co-design with teachers has the potential to bring about more coherent guidance for teachers and more equitable learning opportunities for students. Infrastructuring requires a shift in goals from supporting teacher learning to democratizing innovation and from sustaining particular curricular programs and interventions to building capacity to design and test solutions to emergent problems of practice. Design-Based Implementation Research (DBIR), an integrative approach to organizing research and development teams within long-term research-practice partnerships, provides a useful framework for infrastructuring efforts within large educational systems.
Improving Student Internship Through Collaborative Curriculum Design: Needs and Context Analysis to Inform the Design Process
Authors: Akomaning Edward 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe main aim of the study reported in this chapter was to contribute to an improved curriculum for student internship through the involvement of major stakeholders (teachers, industry and students) in the collaborative design of curriculum materials. This chapter focuses on a needs analysis that was carried out to analyse the stakeholders’ perceptions of the links between the tertiary educational institutions and the hospitality industry. The results of the needs analysis informed the design team and served as a first step in the design process.
Identifying Needs for Support to Enhance Teachers’ Curriculum Design Expertise
Authors: Huizinga Tjark , Nieveen Nienke , Handelzalts Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTeachers’ understanding of curriculum reform and their ownership regarding the reform are expected to be promoted by having them fulfil the role of designer. However, despite these positive expectations about teachers who take an active designer role, several studies have shown that teachers lack the knowledge and skills needed for proper curriculum design. The assumption underlying the study reported in this chapter is that teachers need support during collaborative design in order to enhance their curriculum design expertise. This chapter presents and discusses the support offered to promote teachers’ curriculum design expertise during a collaborative curriculum design project conducted within the frame of a national reform in the Netherlands.
Autoimmune Enzephalitiden – diagnostischer und therapeutischer Entscheidungsbaum aus psychiatrischer, neurologischer und ethisch-juristischer Sicht
Authors: Prüß Harald , Köhler Stephan , Müller Sabine 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Bei einem nicht einwilligungsfähigen Patienten mit schwerer psychischer Störung besteht zwar häufig die Notwendigkeit einer raschen Diagnostik und Therapie, das Symptombild führt jedoch nicht selten zu einer Ablehnung solcher Maßnahmen. In der täglichen Praxis stellt sich dann die Frage, inwieweit der geäußerte Wille des Patienten die Behandlungsschritte vorgibt oder ob eine Entscheidung gegen den Willen des Patienten medizinisch sinnvoll, ethisch vertretbar oder sogar geboten und rechtlich zulässig ist. Autoimmune Enzephalitiden – wie die N‑Methyl-D-Aspartat-Rezeptor(NMDAR)-Enzephalitis – sind aufgrund ihrer relativen Häufigkeit, vielgestaltigen Symptomatik und guten Therapierbarkeit neuerdings wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen, da die zugrunde liegenden Autoantikörper besonders häufig zu organischen Psychosen führen. Am Beispiel eines komplexen Falles einer Patientin mit im Verlauf gesicherter NMDAR-Enzephalitis erläutern wir die praxisrelevanten ethisch-juristischen Abwägungen von der initialen invasiven Diagnostik bis zur Unterbringung und Zwangsbehandlung. Die Bewertung soll konkrete Hilfestellungen geben, die Autonomie des Patienten zu respektieren, potenzielle Widersprüche zwischen dem freien Willen und dem geäußerten Willen zu ermessen, individuelle ärztliche Überzeugungen (hinsichtlich Autonomiefähigkeit und Zwangsbehandlung) anhand der Rechtslage zu überprüfen, die Indikation für eine vorübergehende Behandlung gegen den natürlichen Willen zu stellen, Analogien zu anderen schweren Hirnerkrankungen herzustellen und erfolgreich gegenüber dem Betreuungsgericht zu argumentieren.
Identification of clusters in multifocal electrophysiology recordings to maximize discriminant capacity (patients vs. control subjects)
Authors: del Castillo M. Ortiz , Cordón B. , Sánchez Morla E. M. , Vilades E. , Rodrigo M. J. , Cavaliere C. , Boquete L. , Garcia-Martin E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To propose a new method of identifying clusters in multifocal electrophysiology (multifocal electroretinogram: mfERG; multifocal visual-evoked potential: mfVEP) that conserve the maximum capacity to discriminate between patients and control subjects.

Methods
The theoretical framework proposed creates arbitrary N-size clusters of sectors. The capacity to discriminate between patients and control subjects is assessed by analysing the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC). As proof of concept, the method is validated using mfERG recordings taken from both eyes of control subjects (n = 6) and from patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 15).

Results
Considering the amplitude of wave P1 as the analysis parameter, the maximum value of AUC = 0.7042 is obtained with N = 9 sectors. Taking into account the AUC of the amplitudes and latencies of waves N1 and P1, the maximum value of the AUC = 0.6917 with N = 8 clustered sectors. The greatest discriminant capacity is obtained by analysing the latency of wave P1: AUC = 0.8854 with a cluster of N = 12 sectors.

Conclusion
This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a method able to determine the arbitrary clustering of multifocal responses that possesses the greatest capacity to discriminate between control subjects and patients when applied to the visual field of mfERG or mfVEP recordings. The method may prove helpful in diagnosing any disease that is identifiable in patients’ mfERG or mfVEP recordings and is extensible to other clinical tests, such as optical coherence tomography.
Measuring Vulnerability to Multidimensional Poverty
Authors: Gallardo Mauricio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA method to measure vulnerability to multidimensional poverty is proposed under a mean–risk behaviour approach. We extend the unidimensional downside mean–semideviation measurement of vulnerability to poverty towards the multidimensional space by incorporating this approach into Alkire and Foster’s multidimensional counting framework. The new approach is called the vulnerability to multidimensional poverty index (VMPI), alluding to the fact that it can be used to assess vulnerability to poverty measured by the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The proposed family of vulnerability indicators can be estimated using cross-sectional data and can include both binary and metric welfare indicators. It is flexible enough to be applied for measuring vulnerability in a wide range of MPI designs, including the Global MPI. An empirical application of the VMPI and its related indicators is illustrated using the official MPI of Chile as the reference poverty measurement. The estimates are performed using the National Socioeconomic Characterisation Survey (CASEN) for the year 2017.
On a Certain Space of Centrally Symmetric Polyhedra Which is a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space
Authors: Tutaj Edward 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper a certain unitary space will be constructed. The elements of this space can be interpreted as a special type of three dimensional (n-dimensional) polyhedra. Among them one may find, besides the cube, also such elegant mathematical objects as for example the truncated cuboctahedron or the truncated icosidodecahedron. This unitary space, after completion, will turn out to be a reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
Significance, diagnosis and treatment of lateral lymph nodes in rectal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Gulevski Stephanie , Russell Marcia M. , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Patients with low rectal cancer are at risk for lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is used to eradicate LLNM in the West, whereas in Japan the addition of lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) to total mesorectal excision (TME) is performed. A systematic review was conducted to assess incidence, location, risk factors and diagnosis of LLNM and lateral lymph node (LLN) treatment outcomes.

Method:
The Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language articles pertaining to LLNs in rectal cancer.

Results:
242 studies were identified and 15 prospective studies selected for qualitative analysis. LLNM was detected in 7–40% of patients who underwent LLND, and lower incidence occurred in patients without preoperative suspicion of LLNM. LLNs located along the middle rectal artery were most common. LLNM was associated with female sex, advanced T stage and positive mesorectal nodes. LLN short-axis diameter of ≥10 mm on preoperative imaging appeared to predict LLNM after neoadjuvant CRT. The addition of LLND to TME seemed to decrease LR and improve survival rates, with comparable results seen for CRT. LLND appeared to be associated with longer operation time, greater blood loss and increased risk of sexual and urinary dysfunction.

Conclusion:
LLND could be advantageous for patients with suspected LLNM, but associated morbidities need to be considered. Further studies are needed to improve preoperative identification of LLNs and to determine how to manage persistent enlarged LLNs after CRT. Furthermore, the applicability of LLND in a Western population needs to be investigated.

Highlights:
Nursing preference for alcohol-based hand rub volume
Authors: Martinello Richard A. , Arbogast James W. , Guercia Kerri , Parker Albert E. , Boyce John M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground:The effectiveness of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) is correlated with drying time, which depends on the volume applied. Evidence suggests that there is considerable variation in the amount of ABHR used by healthcare providers.Objective:We sought to identify the volume of ABHR preferred for use by nurses.Methods:A prospective observation study was performed in 8 units at a tertiary-care hospital. Nurses were provided pocket-sized ABHR bottles with caps to record each bottle opening. Nurses were instructed to use the volume of ABHR they felt was best. The average ABHR volume used per hand hygiene event was calculated using cap data and changes in bottle mass.Results:In total, 53 nurses participated and 140 nurse shifts were analyzed. The average ABHR dose was 1.09 mL. This value was greater for non-ICU nurses (1.18 mL) than ICU nurses (0.96 mL), but this difference was not significant. We detected no significant association between hand surface area and preferred average dose volume. The ABHR dose volume was 0.006 mL less per use as the number of applications per shift increased (P = .007).Conclusions:The average dose of ABHR used was similar to the dose provided by the hospital’s automated dispensers, which deliver 1.1 mL per dose. The volume of ABHR dose was inversely correlated with the number of applications of ABHR per shift and was not correlated with hand size. Further research to understand differences and drivers of ABHR volume preferences and whether automated ABHR dosing may create a risk for people with larger hands is warranted.
Counting Sunda clouded leopards with confidence: incorporating individual heterogeneity in density estimates
Authors: Mohamed Azlan , Sollmann Rahel , Wong Seth Timothy , Niedballa Jürgen , Abrams Jesse F. , Kissing Johnny , Wilting Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEven with intensive sampling effort, data often remain sparse when estimating population density of elusive species such as the Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi. An inadequate number of recaptures can make it difficult to account for heterogeneity in detection parameters. We used data from large-scale camera-trapping surveys in three forest reserves in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, to (1) examine whether a high-density camera-trap network increases the number of recaptures for females, which tend to be more difficult to detect, thus improving the accuracy of density estimates; (2) compare density estimates from models incorporating individual heterogeneity in detection parameters with estimates from the null model to evaluate its potential bias; and (3) investigate how the size of the camera-trap grid affects density and movement estimates. We found that individual heterogeneity could not be incorporated in the single-site data analysis and only conservative null model estimates could be generated. However, aggregating data across study sites enabled us to account for individual heterogeneity and we estimated densities of 1.27–2.82 individuals/100 km2, 2–3 times higher than estimates from null models. In light of these findings, it is possible that earlier studies underestimated population density. Similar densities found in well-managed forest and recently selectively logged forest suggest that Sunda clouded leopards are relatively resilient to forest disturbances. Our analysis also revealed that camera-trapping grids for Sunda clouded leopard density estimations should cover large areas (c. 250 km2), although smaller grids could be appropriate if density or detectability are higher.
Brokers of hope: Extractive industries and the dynamics of future-making in post-colonial Greenland
Authors: Sejersen Frank 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the ambitious strategy of Greenland to attract foreign companies to engage in extractive industries as a means to create increased national independence the question of minerals emerges as pivotal. The article investigates how two prominent Greenlandic premiers (2009–2014) translated hard rock into soft human welfare in a complex post-colonial context. The article develops the concept of “brokers of hope” which points the analytical attention to the entrepreneurial activities of future- and people-makers in a dense field of indigenous politics. By linking this concept to the idea of “resource materialities” it becomes possible to see resources as relational assemblages that are in a constant state of becoming and also to examine how different engagements with substances can make certain political struggles and political systems legitimate. Furthermore, the article investigates how these “brokers of hope” use the Chinese interests, and ideas of new cooperation with Chinese partners to underpin the intrinsic motivation to create new beginnings and thus to transform existing asymmetrical relations between Denmark and Greenland. This process is conceptualised as “double orientalism”. The article points out how hope and promise in two quite different ways are creatively used to make the future work in the present and how people and nations are made up in that process.
The Maudsley environmental risk score for psychosis
Authors: Vassos Evangelos , Sham Pak , Kempton Matthew , Trotta Antonella , Stilo Simona A. , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Di Forti Marta , Lewis Cathryn M. , Murray Robin M. , Morgan Craig 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRisk prediction algorithms have long been used in health research and practice (e.g. prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes). However, similar tools have not been developed for mental health. For example, for psychotic disorders, attempts to sum environmental risk are rare, unsystematic and dictated by available data. In light of this, we sought to develop a valid, easy to use measure of the aggregate environmental risk score (ERS) for psychotic disorders.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to identify well-replicated and validated environmental risk factors for psychosis that combine a significant effect and large-enough prevalence. Pooled estimates of relative risks were taken from the largest available meta-analyses. We devised a method of scoring the level of exposure to each risk factor to estimate ERS. Relative risks were rounded as, due to the heterogeneity of the original studies, risk effects are imprecisely measured.ResultsSix risk factors (ethnic minority status, urbanicity, high paternal age, obstetric complications, cannabis use and childhood adversity) were used to generate the ERS. A distribution for different levels of risk based on simulated data showed that most of the population would be at low/moderate risk with a small minority at increased environmental risk for psychosis.ConclusionsThis is the first systematic approach to develop an aggregate measure of environmental risk for psychoses in asymptomatic individuals. This can be used as a continuous measure of liability to disease; mostly relevant to areas where the original studies took place. Its predictive ability will improve with the collection of additional, population-specific data.
Dietary intake of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of postpartum depression: a nationwide longitudinal study – the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)
Authors: Hamazaki Kei , Matsumura Kenta , Tsuchida Akiko , Kasamatsu Haruka , Tanaka Tomomi , Ito Mika , Inadera Hidekuni ,   the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women require increased levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) due to the demands of the growing fetus. Although some evidence indicates that maternal intake of fish and n-3 PUFAs is associated with reduced risk of postpartum depression, the results are inconsistent.MethodsWe investigated whether dietary consumption of fish and/or n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of maternal postpartum depression at 6 months after delivery and of serious mental illness at 1 year in a Japanese population. After exclusion and multiple imputation from a dataset comprising 103 062 pregnancies obtained in the Japan Environment and Children's Study, we evaluated 84 181 and 81 924 women at 6 months and 1 year after delivery, respectively.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression showed a reduced risk of postpartum depression at 6 months in the second to fifth quintiles v. the lowest quintile for fish and n-3 PUFA intake, with trend tests also revealing a significant linear association. At 1 year after delivery, fish intake was associated with a reduced risk of serious mental illness in the second to fifth quintiles v. the lowest quintile for fish and in the third to fifth quintiles v. the lowest quintile for n-3 PUFA intake, with trend tests also revealing a significant linear association.ConclusionsWomen with higher fish and/or n-3 PUFA intake showed reduced risk of postpartum depression at 6 months after delivery and of serious mental illness at 1 year after delivery.