bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process improvement for a complex dual medical procedure
Authors: Weigel Wade Anthony , Gluck Michael , Ross Andrew S , Lin Otto S , Williams Barbara L , Blackmore Craig C 
Published: August 2018

Pancreatic extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is accepted worldwide as a treatment for a large, symptomatic, obstructing pancreatic stones. However, timely completion of the combined process requires coordination of equipment and personnel from two different complex procedures.We used Lean management tools in a week-long event to redesign the process around the patient. Using idea-generated Plan Do Study Act cycles to refine the process, from scheduling to postprocedure recovery, equipment and personnel were aligned to allow these two procedures to occur in immediate succession.The redesigned process resulted in all patients receiving both procedures without delay. This eliminated over 8 hours of wait time. Standard work and a newly created complex scheduler improved flow. We reduced the number of anaesthetics for patients without prolonging the procedure length.
Can power Doppler ultrasound of the entheses help in classifying recent axial spondyloarthritis? Data from the DESIR cohort
Authors: Poulain Cecile , D'Agostino Maria Antonietta , Thibault Severine , Daures Jean Pierre , Ferkal Salah , Le Corvoisier Philippe , Rahmouni Alain , Loeuille Damien , Dougados Maxime , Claudepierre Pascal 
Published: August 2018

Early diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) remains a challenge due to the lack of specificity of clinical symptoms and variable prevalence of axial imaging findings permitting a definite diagnosis. Power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) of the entheses has demonstrated to be a potential useful tool for the classification and diagnostic management of early SpA independently of the phenotype.ObjectivesTo assess the classification value (sensitivity and specificity) of PDUS-defined enthesitis for identifying patients fulfilling Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axSpA (ASAS+) in patients with recent inflammatory back pain (IBP) (the DESIR (DEvenir des Spondylarthropathies Indifférenciées Récentes) cohort).MethodsBaseline PDUS was performed at eight entheseal sites, and PDUS enthesitis was defined by the presence of vascularisation at entheseal insertion.Results402 patients from the DESIR cohort underwent a PDUS evaluation. PDUS enthesitis was detected in 58 (14.4%) patients of whom 40 (14.2%) belonged to the ASAS+ patients and 18 (17%) to the ASAS- patients. The sensitivity of PDUS enthesitis was 13.9% and the specificity was 83.5%, with a positive predictive value of 69% and 26.8% of negative predictive value for meeting ASAS criteria for axSpA. Of the 18 ASAS- patients with positive PDUS, 59% fulfilled Amor’s criteria, 88% European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group criteria and 59% both.ConclusionsIn a cohort of patients with recent IBP, the prevalence of PDUS enthesitis was low (14.4%); however, its specificity for classifying patients as axSpA according to ASAS criteria was high (83.5%). PDUS enthesitis might be of additional value for classifying as patients with axSpA IBP who do not fulfil ASAS criteria.
Sputum microbiota is predictive of long-term clinical outcomes in young adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Acosta Nicole , Heirali Alya , Somayaji Ranjani , Surette Michael G , Workentine Matthew L , Sibley Christopher D , Rabin Harvey R , Parkins Michael D 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundComplex polymicrobial communities infect cystic fibrosis (CF) lower airways. Generally, communities with low diversity, dominated by classical CF pathogens, associate with worsened patient status at sample collection. However, it is not known if the microbiome can predict future outcomes. We sought to determine if the microbiome could be adapted as a biomarker for patient prognostication.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed prospectively collected sputum from a cohort of 104 individuals aged 18–22 to determine factors associated with progression to early end-stage lung disease (eESLD; death/transplantation <25 years) and rapid pulmonary function decline (>−3%/year FEV1over the ensuing 5 years). Illumina MiSeq paired-end sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA was used to define the airway microbiome.ResultsBased on the primary outcome analysed, 17 individuals (16%) subsequently progressed to eESLD. They were more likely to have sputum with low alpha diversity, dominated by specific pathogens includingPseudomonas. Communities with abundantStreptococcuswere observed to be protective. Microbial communities clustered together by baseline lung disease stage and subsequent progression to eESLD. Multivariable analysis identified baseline lung function and alpha diversity as independent predictors of eESLD. For the secondary outcomes, 58 and 47 patients were classified as rapid progressors based on absolute and relative definitions of lung function decline, respectively. Patients with low alpha diversity were similarly more likely to be classified as experiencing rapid lung function decline over the ensuing 5 years when adjusted for baseline lung function.ConclusionsWe observed that the diversity of microbial communities in CF airways is predictive of progression to eESLD and disproportionate lung function decline and may therefore represent a novel biomarker.
Tobacco industry data on illicit tobacco trade: a systematic review of existing assessments
Authors: Gallagher Allen W A , Evans-Reeves Karen A , Hatchard Jenny L , Gilmore Anna B 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the quality of tobacco industry-funded data on the illicit tobacco trade (ITT) through a systematic review of existing assessments of industry-funded data on ITT.Data sourcesPapers and reports assessing tobacco industry-funded data on ITT were obtained via searches of 8 academic databases, Google searches and correspondence with ITT experts.Study selectionInclusion criteria identified 35 English-language papers containing an original assessment of tobacco industry-funded data.Data extractionUsing a coding framework, information was extracted from the assessments regarding the quality of tobacco industry data. Documents were second-coded, achieving 94% intercoder reliability with all disagreements resolved.Data synthesisOf the 35 assessments reviewed, 31 argued that tobacco industry estimates were higher than independent estimates. Criticisms identified problems with data collection (29), analytical methods (22) and presentation of results (21), which resulted in inflated ITT estimates or data on ITT that were presented in a misleading manner. Lack of transparency from data collection right through to presentation of findings was a key issue with insufficient information to allow replication of the findings frequently cited.ConclusionsTobacco industry data on ITT are not reliable. At present, the tobacco industry continues to fund and disseminate ITT research through initiatives such as PMI IMPACT. If industry data on ITT cannot meet the standards of accuracy and transparency set by high-quality research publications, a solution may be to tax tobacco companies and administer the resulting funds to experts, independent of the tobacco industry, who use previously developed reliable models for measuring ITT.
Role of muscle spindle feedback in regulating muscle activity strength during walking at different speed in mice
Authors: Mayer William P. , Murray Andrew J. , Brenner-Morton Susan , Jessell Thomas M. , Tourtellotte Warren G. , Akay Turgay 
Published: August 2018

Terrestrial animals increase their walking speed by increasing the activity of the extensor muscles. However, the mechanism underlying how this speed-dependent amplitude modulation is achieved remains obscure. Previous studies have shown that group Ib afferent feedback from Golgi tendon organs that signal force is one of the major regulators of the strength of muscle activity during walking in cats and humans. In contrast, the contribution of group Ia/II afferent feedback from muscle spindle stretch receptors that signal angular displacement of leg joints is unclear. Some studies indicate that group II afferent feedback may be important for amplitude regulation in humans, but the role of muscle spindle feedback in regulation of muscle activity strength in quadrupedal animals is very poorly understood. To examine the role of feedback from muscle spindles, we combined in vivo electrophysiology and motion analysis with mouse genetics and gene delivery with adeno-associated virus. We provide evidence that proprioceptive sensory feedback from muscle spindles is important for the regulation of the muscle activity strength and speed-dependent amplitude modulation. Furthermore, our data suggest that feedback from the muscle spindles of the ankle extensor muscles, the triceps surae, is the main source for this mechanism. In contrast, muscle spindle feedback from the knee extensor muscles, the quadriceps femoris, has no influence on speed-dependent amplitude modulation. We provide evidence that proprioceptive feedback from ankle extensor muscles is critical for regulating muscle activity strength as gait speed increases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Animals upregulate the activity of extensor muscles to increase their walking speed, but the mechanism behind this is not known. We show that this speed-dependent amplitude modulation requires proprioceptive sensory feedback from muscle spindles of ankle extensor muscle. In the absence of muscle spindle feedback, animals cannot walk at higher speeds as they can when muscle spindle feedback is present.
Edge orientation perception during active touch
Authors: Olczak Derek , Sukumar Vaishnavi , Pruszynski J. Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Previous studies investigating the perceptual attributes of tactile edge orientation processing have applied their stimuli to an immobilized fingertip. Here we tested the perceptual attributes of edge orientation processing when participants actively touched the stimulus. Our participants moved their finger over two pairs of edges, one pair parallel and the other nonparallel to varying degrees, and were asked to identify which of the two pairs was nonparallel. In addition to the psychophysical estimates of edge orientation acuity, we measured the speed at which participants moved their finger and the forces they exerted when moving their finger over the stimulus. We report four main findings. First, edge orientation acuity during active touch averaged 12.4°, similar to that previously reported during passive touch. Second, on average, participants moved their finger over the stimuli at ~20 mm/s and exerted contact forces of ~0.3 N. Third, there was no clear relationship between how people moved their finger or how they pressed on the stimulus and their edge orientation acuity. Fourth, consistent with previous work testing tactile spatial acuity, we found a significant correlation between fingertip size and orientation acuity such that people with smaller fingertips tended to have better orientation acuity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Edge orientation acuity expressed by the motor system during manipulation is many times better than edge orientation acuity assessed in psychophysical studies where stimuli are applied to a passive fingertip. Here we show that this advantage is not because of movement per se because edge orientation acuity assessed in a psychophysical task, where participants actively move their finger over the stimuli, yields results similar to previous passive psychophysical studies.
Corticospinal correlates of fast and slow adaptive processes in motor learning
Authors: Sarwary Adjmal M. E. , Wischnewski Miles , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. , Selen Luc P. J. , Medendorp W. Pieter 
Published: August 2018

Recent computational theories and behavioral observations suggest that motor learning is supported by multiple adaptation processes, operating on different timescales, but direct neural evidence is lacking. We tested this hypothesis by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over motor cortex in 16 human subjects during a validated reach adaptation task. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent periods (CSPs) were recorded from the biceps brachii to assess modulations of corticospinal excitability as indices for corticospinal plasticity. Guided by a two-state adaptation model, we show that the MEP reflects an adaptive process that learns quickly but has poor retention, while the CSP correlates with a process that responds more slowly but retains information well. These results provide a physiological link between models of motor learning and distinct changes in corticospinal excitability. Our findings support the relationship between corticospinal gain modulations and the adaptive processes in motor learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Computational theories and behavioral observations suggest that motor learning is supported by multiple adaptation processes, but direct neural evidence is lacking. We tested this hypothesis by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over human motor cortex during a reach adaptation task. Guided by a two-state adaptation model, we show that the motor-evoked potential reflects a process that adapts and decays quickly, whereas the cortical silent period reflects slow adaptation and decay.
Decreased spontaneous electrical activity in neuronal networks exposed to radiofrequency 1,800 MHz signals
Authors: El Khoueiry Corinne , Moretti Daniela , Renom Rémy , Camera Francesca , Orlacchio Rosa , Garenne André , Poulletier De Gannes Florence , Poque-Haro Emmanuelle , Lagroye Isabelle , Veyret Bernard , Lewis Noëlle 
Published: August 2018

The rapid development of wireless communications has raised questions about their potential health risks. So far, the only identified biological effects of radiofrequency fields (RF) are known to be caused by heating, but the issue of potential nonthermal biological effects, especially on the central nervous system (CNS), remains open. We previously reported a decrease in the firing and bursting rates of neuronal cultures exposed to a Global System for Mobile (GSM) RF field at 1,800 MHz for 3 min (Moretti D, Garenne A, Haro E, Poulleier de Gannes F, Lagroye I, Lévêque P, Veyret B, Lewis N. Bioelectromagnetics 34: 571-578, 2013). The aim of the present work was to assess the dose-response relationship for this effect and also to identify a potential differential response elicited by pulse-modulated GSM and continuous-wave (CW) RF fields. Spontaneous bursting activity of neuronal cultures from rat embryonic cortices was recorded using 60-electrode multielectrode arrays (MEAs). At 17–28 days in vitro, the neuronal cultures were subjected to 15-min RF exposures, at specific absorption rates (SAR) ranging from 0.01 to 9.2 W/kg. Both GSM and CW signals elicited a clear decrease in bursting rate during the RF exposure phase. This effect became more marked with increasing SAR and lasted even beyond the end of exposure for the highest SAR levels. Moreover, the amplitude of the effect was greater with the GSM signal. Altogether, our experimental findings provide evidence for dose-dependent effects of RF signals on the bursting rate of neuronal cultures and suggest that part of the mechanism is nonthermal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we investigated the effects of some radiofrequency (RF) exposure parameters on the electrical activity of neuronal cultures. We detected a clear decrease in bursting activity, dependent on exposure duration. The amplitude of this effect increased with the specific absorption rate (SAR) level and was greater with Global System for Mobile signal than with continuous-wave signal, at the same average SAR. Our experiment provides unique evidence of a decrease in electrical activity of cortical neuronal cultures during RF exposure.
Tumor de células granulares de la mama. Presentación de un caso.
Authors: Villarroel Pérez Alejandra , Navarro Ortega M. Elena , Razmilic Valdés Dravna , Camus Appuhn Mauricio , Oddó Benavides David 
Published: August 2018

El tumor de células granulares (TCG) es una neoplasia muy infrecuente y usualmente benigna, que afecta preferentemente a la lengua. En sólo un 6% de los casos publicados ha sido primario de la mama. Desde el punto de vista clínico e imagenológico, se plantea el diagnóstico diferencial con un carcinoma mamario invasor. Por ende, el examen anatomopatológico de muestras por punción o quirúrgicas, es crucial para establecer el diagnóstico e intentar subclasificarlo para predecir su conducta biológica. Se presenta el caso de una mujer chilena de 54 años con un TCG de la mama izquierda.
Identificación de gatillantes de sistema de respuesta rápida en pacientes de unidades de baja complejidad de un hospital universitario.
Authors: Eymin Lago Gonzalo , Ortega González Francisco , Heredia Castro Ana , Yáñez Ferrada Tatina 
Published: August 2018

Introducción: Las complicaciones graves de pacientes en unidades de baja complejidad habitualmente son precedidas por alteración en los signos vitales. Los equipos de respuesta rápida (ERR) atienden precozmente a pacientes con alteración de signos vitales que se relacionan con resultados adversos. Nuestro objetivo es determinar la tasa de gatillantes de ERR en pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de baja complejidad y su eventual relación con eventos adversos posteriores. Métodos: Observación de registros de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes mayores de 18 años en unidades de baja complejidad de un hospital universitario. Resultados: Se encontraron gatillantes en 50 de 1144 pacientes (4,4%). La edad promedio fue de 58 años, y 58% fueron mujeres. Los gatillantes más frecuentes fueron: Hipotensión (40%), frecuencia respiratoria mayor a 25 por minuto (26%) y Saturación de oxígeno menor a 90% (24%). Presentaron eventos adversos mayores 6 pacientes (12%), 1 de ellos con desenlace fatal y los 6 fueron trasladados a unidad de mayor complejidad. No existió diferencia significativa entre quienes tuvieron 1 o 2 gatillantes en relación a eventos adversos mayores. Los 3 pacientes que presentaron compromiso de conciencia sufrieron eventos adversos mayores incluyendo la muerte de uno. Conclusión: Los gatillantes más frecuentes fueron hipotensión y taquipnea. La presencia de dos eventos gatillantes muestra una tendencia a un peor resultado, si bien no alcanza significancia estadística. Dado nuestra eventual tasa de activación de ERR si se justificaría la implementación de estos equipos en nuestro medio.
A Novel Microtubule Inhibitor Overcomes Multidrug Resistance in Tumors
Authors: Ning Nannan , Yu Yamei , Wu Min , Zhang Ruihong , Zhang Ting , Zhu Changjun , Huang Lei , Yun Cai-Hong , Benes Cyril H. , Zhang Jianming , Deng Xianming , Chen Qiang , Ren Ruibao 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Microtubule inhibitors as chemotherapeutic drugs are widely used for cancer treatment. However, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer is a major challenge for microtubule inhibitors in their clinical implementation. From a high-throughput drug screen using cells transformed by oncogenic RAS, we identify a lead heteroaryl amide compound that blocks cell proliferation. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship indicated that this series of scaffolds (exemplified by MP-HJ-1b) represents a potent inhibitor of tumor cell growth. MP-HJ-1b showed activities against a panel of more than 1,000 human cancer cell lines with a wide variety of tissue origins. This compound depolymerized microtubules and affected spindle formation. It also induced the spike-like conformation of microtubules in vitro and in vivo, which is different from typical microtubule modulators. Structural analysis revealed that this series of compounds bound the colchicine pocket at the intra-dimer interface, although mostly not overlapping with colchicine binding. MP-HJ-1b displayed favorable pharmacological properties for overcoming tumor MDR, both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal a novel scaffold represented by MP-HJ-1b that can be developed as a cancer therapeutic against tumors with MDR.
Significance: Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in patients with multiple types of cancer. However, resistance to paclitaxel is a challenge. This study describes a novel class of microtubule inhibitors with the ability to circumvent multidrug resistance across multiple tumor cell lines. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5949–57. ©2018 AACR.
Extracellular HMGA1 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Méndez Olga , Peg Vicente , Salvans Cándida , Pujals Mireia , Fernández Yolanda , Abasolo Ibane , Pérez José , Matres Ana , Valeri Marta , Gregori Josep , Villarreal Laura , Schwartz Simó , Ramon y Cajal Santiago , Tabernero Josep , Cortés Javier , Arribas Joaquín , Villanueva Josep 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
The study of the cancer secretome suggests that a fraction of the intracellular proteome could play unanticipated roles in the extracellular space during tumorigenesis. A project aimed at investigating the invasive secretome led us to study the alternative extracellular function of the nuclear protein high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

Experimental Design:
Antibodies against HMGA1 were tested in signaling, adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis assays using breast cancer cell lines and xenograft models. Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the subcellular localization of HMGA1 in cell lines, xenograft, and patient-derived xenograft models. A cohort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients was used to study the correlation between subcellular localization of HMGA1 and the incidence of metastasis.

Results:
Our data show that treatment of invasive cells with HMGA1-blocking antibodies in the extracellular space impairs their migration and invasion abilities. We also prove that extracellular HMGA1 (eHMGA1) becomes a ligand for the Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor (RAGE), inducing pERK signaling and increasing migration and invasion. Using the cytoplasmic localization of HMGA1 as a surrogate marker of secretion, we showed that eHMGA1 correlates with the incidence of metastasis in a cohort of TNBC patients. Furthermore, we show that HMGA1 is enriched in the cytoplasm of tumor cells at the invasive front of primary tumors and in metastatic lesions in xenograft models.

Conclusions:
Our results strongly suggest that eHMGA1 could become a novel drug target in metastatic TNBC and a biomarker predicting the onset of distant metastasis.