bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity and whitening effect of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase from Rosa roxburghii Tratt
Authors: Wu Hong , Xu Changyan , Yan Yanfang , Peng Mei , Deng Tingfei , Yang Xiaosheng , Yang Juan , Qin Ronggui , Luo Zhongsheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With growing concerns about the negative impact of environmental pollution on skin health, there is an increasing demand for natural active ingredients to combat free radicals and excessive melanin production. In this context, Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RR) has emerged as a potential source of skin-lightening compounds. Vitamin C (Vc) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-rich extracts were extracted from RR, namely RRVC and RRSOD, using macroporous resin column chromatography and graded ammonium sulfate precipitation. The antioxidant and skin-lightening effects of these extracts were evaluated. RRVC and RRSOD showed strong inhibitory activity against various radicals and tyrosinase. When formulated together, their antioxidant and skin-lightening abilities were significantly enhanced, with the optimal ratio of RRVC and RRSOD (RRVS) of 5:32. In vivo studies on C57BL/6J mice revealed that these two extracts and their formulations effectively lowered oxidative stress levels in a model of d-galactose-induced aging in mice. Furthermore, they inhibited melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells and reduced ultraviolet-radiation-induced melanin deposition in mouse ears. The combination of RRVC and RRSOD had a more potent melanin-scavenging effect compared with the individual extracts. These findings suggest that RRVC and RRSOD, especially when combined at the optimal ratio, can whiten skin, increasing the value of RR products and offering natural alternatives for skin lightening.
Contraceptive use and determinants among sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women (aged 15–24 years) in East Africa: insights from Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Hailu Saba , Heluf Helina , Ayana Galana Mamo , Negash Belay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Low contraception usage among adolescents is a significant public health issue, leading to a rise in unintended pregnancies and adolescent childbearing in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global efforts to improve access to contraception, sexually active adolescents and young women in East Africa are often overlooked, exposing them to substantial health risks. This study explored the factors influencing contraceptive use among unmarried and sexually active adolescents and young women in East African countries.

Methods
National representative data from the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey for eight East African countries were used in the analysis. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 17 software. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was used to identify determinants of contraceptive use at p&lt;0.05.

Results
A total of 7813 sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women were considered for the final analysis. Among these young women, 24.9% were using a contraceptive method. Age, place of residence, knowledge of contraceptive methods, employment status and educational attainment were identified as significant determining factors of contraceptive use among sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women (aged 15–24 y) in East Africa.

Conclusions
Contraceptive utilization among sexually active unmarried adolescents and young women was relatively low in East African countries. Addressing the existing inequalities in access to contraceptive services for rural adolescents and young women in East African countries is crucial. Prioritizing policies that implement comprehensive sexual education is essential to enhance their knowledge of contraceptives and empower them to make informed decisions.
Moral rights in Australia: a case law retrospective—Part 2
Authors: Bond Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It has been 25 years since Australia formalized its moral rights regime, amending Part IX of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) to include three moral rights: the right of attribution of authorship; the right not to have authorship falsely attributed; and the right of integrity. This two-part series provides a retrospective of case law on these rights in Australia, focusing on 14 cases between 2006 and 2024 where the applicant claimed a breach of one or more moral rights. It adopts a thematic approach, considering, among other issues, where copyright and moral rights proceedings have been commenced together; the courts that have heard these matters; where cases have not been able to proceed, for example, where the allegedly infringing act occurred outside Australia; interpretation of the rights; and the division between cases where damages have been awarded, or the judge has declined to award damages for a breach of moral rights. This part examines the cases where one or more moral rights of the author have been allegedly infringed; how the courts have interpreted those rights; where the respondent has sought to use the ‘reasonableness’ defence to excuse a breach of the right of attribution or the right of integrity; and cases where the judge has awarded damages, in contrast to decisions where damages were not awarded for an established moral rights infringement.
A quest for the potato of the future: characterization of wild tuber-bearing Solanum species for de novo domestication
Authors: Azariadis Aristotelis , Miller Johansen Sara , Andrzejczak Olga A , Yadav Harsh , Belew Zeinu M , Xia Wen , Crocoll Christoph , Blennow Andreas , Brinch-Pedersen Henrik , Petersen Bent L , Nour-Eldin Hussam H , Hebelstrup Kim H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a staple food worldwide, but modern potato cultivation relies heavily on the use of pesticides to control pests and diseases. However, many wild Solanum species are highly resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses relevant to potato production. Several of those species have been used in potato breeding to confer resistance but this has only been moderately successful. Instead, we propose an alternative approach to utilize the potential of wild Solanum germplasm. Recently, de novo domestication has been suggested to produce more resilient crops: instead of introducing resistance genes into existing crops, domestication traits could be introduced into resistant wild crop relatives to create new crops. Therefore, we selected 10 promising species from the 107 known wild tuber-bearing Solanum species for their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Selection was based on the existing literature, characterizing species by tuberization under short- and long-day conditions, tuber glycoalkaloid content, starch digestibility and performance in tissue culture. Based on this, the highly pest- and disease-resistant S. bulbocastanaum was chosen. Our results showed that it produced relatively large tubers, also under long-day conditions, and performed exceptionally well in tissue culture.
The Nature of the Privacy Interest
Authors: Moreham N A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drawing on English authorities, foreign decisions, and academic thought, this chapter identifies the key components of the concept of privacy from the Anglo-Commonwealth perspective and makes the case for why they are worthy of protection. The scope of the privacy interest is set out in Section B, which identifies and defines the Anglo-Commonwealth concept of privacy and sets out its two core components, namely informational privacy and physical privacy. Section C considers other interests associated with the concept of privacy and focuses on two aspects of William Prosser’s taxonomy of the American tort of breach of privacy: false light and misappropriation of name and likeness. In Section D, the author sets out the rationales for privacy protection, these being the protection of dignity, autonomy, freedom of expression, intimacy and relationships, health and well-being, and freedom from judgement or discrimination.
Copyright, Moral Rights, and the Right to One’s Image
Authors: Speker Adam , Walker-Parr Lily 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the function, and limits, of copyright law in protecting privacy interests. Woven throughout is the interplay between rights of privacy, freedom of expression, and property. Following an introduction in Section A, Section B summarizes relevant aspects of domestic copyright law and the ways in which these property rights may prevent publication of private material. Section C addresses some of the statutory exceptions to copyright protection, including ‘fair dealing’, the public interest, and rules relating to interviews. The existing and future influence of Article 10 ECHR on these exceptions is discussed. Section D explains how the privacy of third parties can restrict exploitation of copyright. ‘Moral rights’ (such as the right to have authorship accurately identified and the protection against derogatory treatment of a work) are briefly summarized in Section E. This section explains how these rights can preserve the integrity of an individual’s output and provide some protection against being cast in a false light (a right recognized in some other common law jurisdictions). The patchwork of protections in domestic law against the exploitation of one’s identity—‘publicity rights’—is explored in Section F and contrasted with the emergence of a more specific quasi-proprietary image right in the United States. Finally, Section G addresses the position of UK copyright law post-Brexit.
Justifications and Defences
Authors: Moreham N A , Munden Richard , McNeil-Walsh Gemma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the justifications and defences available to defendants in breach of privacy claims. Drawing on previous discussion of the various means through which privacy can be protected, including the relevant heads of claim, it covers first (in Section B) defences of general application: consent, waiver of rights, estoppel, and change of position. Section C goes on to consider defences to claims based on disclosure of private information, principally under the heads of misuse of private information and breach of confidence, though defamation, copyright, and data protection are also relevant. Such defences are sourced from a variety of statutes as well as the common law. The defences or justifications of innocent publication and publication of information in the public domain are first applied across the various heads of claim. The text then considers the applicability of immunity and privilege defences from defamation to confidence and privacy claims. The next part, and key focus, of Section C treats of publication in the public interest in breach of confidence, and the counterbalancing justifications (often deriving from Article 10 ECHR and involving the public interest) in misuse of private information. Brief consideration is finally given to defences in confidentiality and data protection which might also apply in misuse of private information.
Impact of Individuals’ Biological and Meals’ Nutritional Characteristics on the Thermic Effect of Food in Humans: Meta-Regression of Clinical Trials
Authors: Almeida Karine Maria Moreira , Galdino-Silva Maria Bárbara , Paula Déborah Tenório da Costa , de Carvalho Guilherme César Oliveira , Barros Maykon Douglas Ramos , Reis Thays Cristhyna Guimarães , Macena Mateus de Lima , Bueno Nassib Bezerra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
The thermic effect of food (TEF) may be a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

Objective
The impact of different biological and nutritional characteristics on TEF in humans was analyzed.

Data Sources
The MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases were searched until November 2023 without language restrictions.

Data Extraction
Clinical trials were included that offered an oral test meal to adult and elderly individuals in a fasting state and measured TEF using calorimetry. The average TEF of each group was the outcome, and the impact of the individuals' and meal characteristics on the TEF was assessed using subgroups, meta-regression, and compositional analysis.

Data Analysis
The review included 133 studies, with 321 different groups. The mean TEF at 60 minutes after the test meal was 262 (95% CI, 236-288) kcal/d and decreased over time until 240 minutes after the test meal (P &lt; .01). Male participants, individuals with normal body mass index, meals with energy content offered according to individual requirements, and meals with a mixed degree of food processing yielded a higher TEF. The total energy content of meals was the variable most strongly associated with TEF. Compositional analysis showed that the amount of lipids in meals was the only macronutrient consistently and negatively associated with TEF.

Conclusions
The TEF is influenced by specific individuals’ and meal characteristics. Total energy content and the amount of lipids were the characteristics of the meals most consistently associated with TEF. However, due to important methodological differences between studies, it is difficult to determine how to use TEF as a potential therapeutic target against obesity.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432504.
Recommendations for monitoring adherence and fidelity in pragmatic trials based on experience in the Pain Management Collaboratory
Authors: Dziura James , Gilstad-Hayden Kathryn , Coffman Cynthia J , Long Cynthia R , Yu Qilu , Buta Eugenia , Coggeshall Scott , Geda Mary , Peduzzi Peter , Kyriakides Tassos C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Most pragmatic trials follow the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS-2) criteria. The criteria specify unobtrusive measurement of participants’ protocol adherence and practitioners’ intervention fidelity but suggest no special monitoring strategies to assure trial integrity. We present experience with adherence/fidelity monitoring in the Pain Management Collaboratory (PMC) and provide recommendations for their monitoring in pragmatic trials to preserve inferences of treatment comparisons.

Methods
In November 2021, we surveyed 10 of 11 originally funded PMC pragmatic trials to determine the extent to which adherence and fidelity data were being monitored.

Results
Of the 10 PMC trials, 8 track adherence/fidelity. The electronic health record is the most frequent source for monitoring adherence (7/10) and fidelity (5/10). Most adherence data are used to monitor participant engagement with the trial intervention (4/10) and are reviewed by study teams (8/10) and often with a data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) (5/10). Half of the trials (5/10) reported using fidelity data for feedback/training; such data are not shared with a DSMB (0/10). Only 2 of 10 trials reported having prespecified guidance or rules around adherence/fidelity (eg, stopping rules or thresholds for corrective action, such as retraining).

Conclusions
As a best practice for pragmatic trials, we recommend early and regular adherence/fidelity monitoring to determine whether intervention delivery is as intended. We propose a 2-stage process with thresholds for intervening and triggers for conducting a formal futility analysis if adherence and fidelity are not maintained. The level of monitoring should be unobtrusive for both participants and those delivering the intervention; resulting data should be reviewed by an independent DSMB.
Gold’s Value as an Investment
Authors: Jermann Urban J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an approach for pricing gold from investors’ perspective. The model is based on no-arbitrage principles with minimal structural assumptions. There is no need to specify investor preferences. When fitted to match 10-year real U.S. Treasury rates, the model can replicate the salient fluctuations in the time series of gold prices since 2007. The model is also able to capture key patterns of CME Comex gold futures prices. The model implies that the majority of the value of gold is due to its role as an investment asset.
Radiation dose assessment of pediatric computed tomography of the chest: the need to consider patient size
Authors: Döwich Vanessa , Torres Felipe Soares , Nietto Andressa Lima , Timm Vitor Silva , Anés Maurício , Bacelar Alexandre , Maróstica Paulo José Cauduro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the radiation dose of chest computed tomography (CT) examinations of pediatric patients and the extent to which volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) underestimates radiation dose in comparison to size specific dose estimates (SSDE).

Methods
Single-center, retrospective study of consecutive unenhanced pediatric (age &lt;18 years) chest CTs between October 2015 and October 2016. Radiation dose as well as demographic and clinical data were recorded from 133 chest CTs. Patients were grouped into 4 categories based on mean effective diameter of the chest. SSDE was generated for each patient according to the water equivalent and effective diameter and compared to CTDIvol. Factors associated with higher radiation doses were assessed.

Results
CTDIvol underestimated radiation dose by 54.7%, 47.6%, 40.2%, and 31.2% (P &lt; .001) for effective diameter groups 1 to 4, respectively, when compared to SSDE (calculated according to the water equivalent). When calculated according to the effective diameter, CTDIvol underestimated radiation dose by 47.6%, 39.4%, 27%, and 12.3% (P &lt; .001) for effective diameter groups 1 to 4, respectively, when compared to SSDE. CT dose parameters, age, weight, Dw, and mean effective diameter were variables associated with higher radiation doses.

Conclusion
CTDIvol systematically underestimated radiation dose in comparison to SSDE in pediatric patients submitted to chest CT and should not be used as the primary parameter to monitor CT protocols in these patients. SSDE calculated according to effective diameter also underestimates the radiation dose compared to SSDE calculated based on water equivalent.
How Academic Social Workers Negotiate Their Direct Practice Skills and Qualitative Research Techniques
Authors: Gómez Walter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The field of social work has been invested in assessing the alignment between direct practice skills and qualitative research techniques. Nevertheless, some of the debates surrounding this relationship have not been attended to recently—and less so in empirical ways. This qualitative study aimed to assess the relationship between practice and research skills with the goal of enhancing training in our field. Twenty academic social workers who conduct qualitative research participated in semistructured interviews. Thirteen were female, 13 were White, 11 had a doctoral degree, and their ages ranged from 27 to 65 years. Autoethnography and constructivist grounded theory approaches guided the analysis. Findings were contained in three themes: transferable techniques, bidirectional benefits, and pedagogical possibilities. Data underscore the role of reflexivity and boundaries in forging spaces amenable to appropriate data collection. Findings also supported a nuanced assessment of how qualitative research in social work may deliver benefits to both researcher and interviewee. Respondents suggest guidelines to ensure that training opportunities are ethically sound and consistent with social work values. Findings from this study may inform innovative enrichment opportunities for the field of social work across both research and practice.
Characterizing Individuals Who Elect and Decline Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution to Tailor Programs and Expand Impact
Authors: Sisson Michelle L. , Azuero Andres , Hawes Elizabeth , Chichester Keith R. , Carpenter Matthew J. , Businelle Michael S. , Shelton Richard C. , Cropsey Karen L. 
Published: November 2024

Background
In response to the opioid epidemic, federal agencies have stressed the importance of targeted naloxone distribution through avenues such as Opioid Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution (OEND). OEND effectively reduces mortality by training laypersons to respond to overdose situations. Despite demonstrated effectiveness, OEND remains underutilized. This project aimed to characterize those who illicitly use opioids to determine avenues for future tailoring of OEND programs.

Methods
Individuals who illicitly used opioids within the past 6 months were recruited via online social media. Participants completed an online questionnaire that assessed history of opioid use and were given the option to receive opioid overdose and naloxone administration training. Those who elected training (n = 111) and those who declined (n = 193) were compared on opioid use, severity of use, and overdose experiences.

Results
Participants (N = 304) were 47% male and 83% White. Tests of between group differences with measures of effect size were used for analyses. Those who elected training endorsed greater intravenous administration (χ2 = 4.18, P = 0.041, Cramer’s V = 0.12). Individuals who declined training reported more frequent nonprescribed methadone use (χ2 = 7.51, P = 0.006, Cramer’s V = 0.16), overdose hospitalizations (t(298) = 2.13, P = 0.034, Cohen’s d = 0.26), and observed overdoses (t(300) = 3.01, P = 0.003, Cohen’s d = 0.36). After adjusting for multiple comparisons, only the differences in nonprescribed methadone use and observed overdoses remained statistically significant.

Conclusions
Individuals who declined training were more likely to report ever use of nonprescribed methadone and having witnessed others overdose. They may have had greater exposure to naloxone, hence decreasing perceived need for training. Understanding characteristics of those who elect and refuse training could inform structuring of programs and recruitment approaches.
An Urgent Need to Promote Equitable Buprenorphine Administration for Opioid Use Disorder in the Emergency Department
Authors: Coupet Edouard , Edelman E. Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a marked surge in opioid overdose deaths among Black, Latino, and Native American populations. The emergency department (ED) represents a crucial opportunity to address these racial and ethnic inequities by initiating buprenorphine and providing referral for ongoing addiction treatment. Yet Black, Latino, and Native American populations encounter substantial inequities in ED-based addiction treatment access. Within this context, Koeber et al conducted their cross-sectional study of ED patients who screened positive for opioid misuse to evaluate inequities in buprenorphine administration. The authors found that Black ED patients were less likely (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.88) to receive buprenorphine. There is an urgent need for mixed methods research to understand the drivers of these inequities and interventions to address the multilevel factors across the opioid use disorder care continuum to promote equitable, accessible, person-centered opioid use disorder treatment.