bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of schizophrenia treatment I: The patient journey
Authors: Mohr Pavel , Galderisi Silvana , Boyer Patrice , Wasserman Danuta , Arteel Paul , Ieven Aagje , Karkkainen Hilkka , Pereira Eulalia , Guldemond Nick , Winkler Petr , Gaebel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground:The aim of the European Brain Council project “The Value of Treatment” was to provide evidence-based, cost-effective policy recommendations for a patient-centered and sustainable coordinated care model for brain disorders. The first part of schizophrenia study examined the needs and gaps in the patients' care pathway.Methods:Descriptive analysis was based on an inventory of needs and treatment opportunities, using focus group sessions, expert interviews, users’ input, and literature review. Three patient pathways were selected: indicated prevention, duration of untreated psychosis, and relapse prevention.Results:The analysis identified several critical barriers to optimal treatment. Available health care services often miss or delay detection of symptoms and diagnosis in at-risk individuals. There is a lack of illness awareness among patients, families, and the public; scarcity of information, training and education among primary care providers; stigmatizing beliefs. Early symptom recognition and timely intervention result in better outcome and prognosis; effective management leads to a functional recovery. In the current model of care, there is insufficient cooperation between health and social care providers, patients and families, inadequate utilization of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions, lacking patient monitoring, and low implementation of integrated community care.Conclusions:Early detection and early intervention programs, timely intervention, and relapse prevention are essential for effective management of schizophrenia. It requires a paradigm shift from symptom control, achieving and maintaining remission, to the emphasis on recovery. Since the current services are not able to accomplish this goal, changes in mental health policies are needed.
Meteorological parameters and air pollen count in association with self-reported peripartum depressive symptoms
Authors: Henriksson Hanna E. , White Richard A. , Sylvén Sara M. , Papadopoulos Fotios C. , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground:Meteorological parameters and air pollen count have been associated with affective disorders and suicide. Regarding peripartum depression, the literature is restricted and inconclusive.Methods:This cross-sectional study included women (pregnant, n = 3843; postpartum, n = 3757) who participated in the BASIC (Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging, and Cognition) study 2010–2015 and the UPPSAT (Uppsala-Athens) study (postpartum, n = 1565) in 2006–2007. Cases were defined according to presence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy (gestational week 32) and 6 weeks postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Exposure of sunshine, temperature, precipitation, snow coverage, and air pollen counts of durations of 1, 7, and 42 days prior to the outcome were studied for associations with depressive symptoms, using negative binomial regression.Results:Prior to Bonferroni correction, the concentration of mugwort pollen, both one week and six weeks before the EPDS assessment at gestational week 32, was inversely associated with depressive symptoms in pregnancy, both before and after adjustment for season. No associations were found between the exposure to meteorological parameters and pollen and depressive symptoms, at the same day of depressive symptoms’ assessment, the previous week, or the six weeks prior to assessment, either during pregnancy or postpartum after Bonferroni correction.Conclusions:There was no evidence that neither short-term nor long-term exposure to meteorological parameters or air pollen counts were associated with self-reported peripartum depressive symptoms in Uppsala, Sweden.
Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism as a predictor of short-term risk of suicide reattempts
Authors: Daray Federico M. , Arena Ángeles R. , Armesto Arnaldo R. , Rodante Demián E. , Puppo Soledad , Vidjen Patricia , Portela Alicia , Grendas Leandro N. , Errasti Andrea E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjective:The serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms are associated with suicidal behavior; however, prospective studies are scarce. Herein we aim to determine if 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms predict risk of short-term suicide reattempt in a high-risk suicidal sample. We also explore possible mediators or moderators of this relationship.Methods:A multicenter prospective cohort study was designed to compare data obtained form 136 patients admitted to the emergency department for current suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt. Subjects were clinically evaluated, genotyped, and monitored for a new suicide attempt for 6 months.Results:At 6 months of follow up, 21% of the subjects had a new suicide attempt. The frequency of L-allele and L-carrier was higher in reattempters when compared with non-reattempters (55.8% vs. 35.4%,p= 0.01 and 76.9% vs. 54.2%,p= 0.04, respectively). Reattempters also differ from non-reattempters patients with respect to age, history of previous suicide attempts, and age of onset of suicidal behavior. The logistic regression model showed that L-carriers had an odds ratio of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.0–7.6) for reattempts when compared to SS genotype. The adjusted model indicates that this association is not mediated or moderated by impulsivity.Conclusion:The 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms predicted short-term risk of suicidal reattempt independently of age and sex. L-carriers have almost three times more risk of relapse when compared with SS carriers.
Sexual Function Before and After Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair
Authors: Pope Rachel , Ganesh Prakash , Chalamanda Chisomo , Nundwe William , Wilkinson Jeffrey 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Women with vesicovaginal fistulas often experience a disruption in their normal lives, including sexual relationships, because of urinary incontinence.

Aim
Although surgery repairs the urinary leakage, it is not known how surgery might affect sexual function positively or negatively.

Methods
119 women were enrolled before surgery and interviewed including a revised Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS-R) score and examined for vaginal length, caliber, and pelvic floor strength.

Main Outcome Measures
Approximately one third of women return to normal sexual function after repair, although a minority experience de novo dysfunction.

Results
115 women completed follow-up 6 to 12 months after surgery. Approximately one third (35.6%, n = 41) stated that intercourse had returned to the way it was before a fistula. Forty-four women (40%) report sexual problems after the fistula developed; 15% due to incontinence and 23.5% due to pain. Fourteen women (12.2%) stated that they experienced problems with intercourse since surgery; 50% due to incontinence during intercourse and 50% due to pain. Nineteen of the participants (16.5%) scored in the range of dysfunction as assessed by the FSDS-R tool after surgery. Fibrosis did not significantly change and was not found to be associated with sexual function. Vaginal length was found to decrease on average by 5 mm. Of the variables examined, the factors statistically significantly associated with dysfunction included a larger-size fistula as determined by the Goh classification (&gt; 3 cm diameter) and decreased vaginal caliber. FSDS-R scores drastically decreased from before to after surgery and the reason for problems with intercourse changed from leaking urine before surgery to lack of partner and concern for HIV infection.

Clinical Implications
Women with large fistulas and decreased vaginal calibers are at high risk for sexual dysfunction and should be counseled appropriately preoperatively and offered surgical and medical interventions.

Strengths & Limitations
Physical parameters were combined with qualitative interviews and FSDS-R scores to contextualize sexual health before and after surgery. Limitation is the brief follow-up of 6-12 months after surgery as many women were still abstaining from sexual activity.

Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction is a complex issue for women with obstetric fistulas; although many women do not continue to experience problems, several need ongoing counseling and treatment.
Why is patch management necessary?
Authors: Dennis Colin 
Published: July 2018

If you're a UK business that relies on any form of technology, then patch management should be at the top of your ‘to do’ list. More and more companies rely on a form of software and/or IT infrastructure to streamline their processes, maximise return on investment and store valuable data. If you're a UK business that relies on any form of technology, then patch management should be at the top of your ‘to do’ list. As technology evolves, so does cybercrime. The more detailed and comprehensive the approach you take to patch management, the more you are reducing the risk of a vulnerability being exploited and data breaches being made, explains Colin Dennis of OGL.
Development of a novel prevention bundle for pediatric healthcare-associated viral infections
Authors: Hei Hillary , Bezpalko Orysia , Smathers Sarah A. , Coffin Susan E. , Sammons Julia S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo reduce the healthcare-associated viral infection (HAVI) rate to 0.70 infections or fewer per 1,000 patient days by developing and sustaining a comprehensive prevention bundle.SettingA 546-bed quaternary-care children’s hospital situated in a large urban area.PatientsInpatients with a confirmed HAVI were included. These HAVIs were identified through routine surveillance by infection preventionists and were confirmed using National Healthcare Safety Network definitions for upper respiratory infections (URIs), pneumonia, and gastroenteritis.MethodsQuality improvement (QI) methods and statistical process control (SPC) analyses were used in a retrospective observational analysis of HAVI data from July 2012 through June 2016.ResultsIn total, 436 HAVIs were identified during the QI initiative: 63% were URIs, 34% were gastrointestinal infections, and 2.5% were viral pneumonias. The most frequent pathogens were rhinovirus (n=171) and norovirus (n=83). Our SPC analysis of HAVI rate revealed a statistically significant reduction in March 2014 from a monthly average of 0.81 to 0.60 infections per 1,000 patient days. Among HAVIs with event reviews completed, 15% observed contact with a sick primary caregiver and 15% reported contact with a sick visitor. Patient outcomes identified included care escalation (37%), transfer to ICU (11%), and delayed discharge (19%).ConclusionsThe iterative development, implementation, and refinement of targeted prevention practices was associated with a significant reduction in pediatric HAVI. These practices were ultimately formalized into a comprehensive prevention bundle and provide an important framework for both patient and systems-level interventions that can be applied year-round and across inpatient areas.
Effect of trap colour and stirring of contents of pheromone-baited traps on the capture of the adult red palm weevil in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Saoud Ahmad Hussen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is one of the most destructive pests of date palm in United Arab Emirates. We conducted field trials in Abu Dhabi from May 2010 to April 2011, to evaluate the effect of weekly stirring of water and dates in the RPW pheromone trap on adults captured in brown and white traps, using a randomized complete block design with four treatments and five replications. Each trap contained: (1) a dispenser of the RPW male aggregation pheromone (Ferrolure™) containing 700 mg of the active ingredient (4-methyl-5-nonanol (90%) + 4-methyl-5-nonanone (10%)) at 95% purity; (2) an ethyl acetate (EA) dispenser (Weevil Magnet™) containing 40 ml of the active ingredient of EA at 98% purity; (3) 350 g of fodder date fruits; and (4) 4 L of water. Mean adults captured in white traps was 22.5 ± 0.50 and 16.8 ± 0.41 adults/trap/month with and without stirring, respectively, while in brown traps the mean was 39.9 ± 1.31 and 28.3 ± 0.51, respectively. The overall mean of adults captured was 31.2 ± 6.21 and 22.6 ± 4.81 adults/trap/month with and without stirring, respectively. The highest number of weevils caught was in the brown traps with stirring, while the lowest was in the white traps without stirring. The results of these trials suggest the use of brown traps containing aggregation pheromone, 350 g of date fruits, EA and water. It is necessary to stir the water with dates in the traps to increase their efficacy.
Konvergente Konstruktvalidität der Düsseldorfer Orthorexie Skala
Authors: Barthels Friederike , Meyer Frank , Amrhein Johanna , Scharmach Katrin , Pietrowsky Reinhard 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Orthorektisches Ernährungsverhalten bezeichnet die Fixierung auf eine gesundheitsbewusste Ernährungsweise, welche möglicherweise in extremer Ausprägung als weitere Variante der Essstörungen von klinischer Relevanz ist. Zur Erfassung orthorektischen Ernährungsverhaltens kann im deutschsprachigen Raum die Düsseldorfer Orthorexie Skala (DOS) verwendet werden. Die zufriedenstellende Reliabilität und die ausreichende faktorielle Validität der Skala konnten bereits festgestellt werden. Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Überprüfung der konvergenten Konstruktvalidität der DOS. Methode: Dazu wurde im ersten Schritt zu Validierungszwecken ein Gesundheitsindex entwickelt, der die gesundheitliche Qualität des Essverhaltens anhand von 21 Kriterien ermittelt, welche von den Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung abgeleitet wurden. Neben dem Eating Disorder Inventory-2 und dem Fragebogen zum Essverhalten wurden zudem 10 Fragen von Steven Bratman, dem Erstbeschreiber der Orthorexie, zur Erfassung orthorektischen Ernährungsverhaltens eingesetzt. Die untersuchte Stichprobe besteht aus jeweils 15 gesunden Frauen und Männern (N = 30), die über sieben Tage hinweg ihr Essverhalten protokollierten, welches dann anhand der Kriterien ausgewertet wurde. Ergebnisse: Die gute Interrater-Reliabilität spricht für die Eignung des Gesundheitsindex zu Validierungszwecken. Die DOS korreliert zu r = .63 (p < .001) mit dem Gesundheitsindex, darüber hinaus korreliert sie zu r = .86 (p < .001) mit den Fragen von Bratman und zu r = .49 (p < .05) mit der Subskala „Kognitive Kontrolle“ des Fragebogens zum Essverhalten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine gute Konstruktvalidität der DOS, sodass der Einsatz in Forschung und Praxis empfohlen werden kann.
MicroRNAs and immunity in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Luan Xianghong , Zhou Xiaofeng , Naqvi Afsar , Francis Marybeth , Foyle Deborah , Nares Salvador , Diekwisch Thomas G. H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of the host immune and inflammatory response against bacterial pathogens. In the present review, we discuss target genes, target gene functions, the potential regulatory role of miRNAs in periodontal tissues, and the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics. In periodontal disease, miRNAs exert control over all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the functions of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and T and B cells. Previous human studies have highlighted some key miRNAs that are dysregulated in periodontitis patients. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs that were altered in our reproducible periodontitis mouse model relative to control animals. The miRNAs that were upregulated as a result of periodontal disease in both human and mouse studies included miR-15a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-148/148a and miR-223, whereas miR-92 was downregulated. The association of individual miRNAs with unique aspects of periodontal disease and their stability in gingival crevicular fluid underscores their potential as markers for periodontal disease progression or healthy restitution. Moreover, miRNA therapeutics hold great promise for the future of periodontal therapy because of their ability to modulate the immune response to infection when applied in conjunction with synthetic antagomirs and/or relatively straightforward delivery strategies.
A novel LMNA mutation identified in a Japanese patient with LMNA-associated congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ishiyama Akihiko , Iida Aritoshi , Hayashi Shinichiro , Komaki Hirofumi , Sasaki Masayuki , Nonaka Ikuya , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLMNA-associated congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is a severe form of muscle laminopathy. LMNA encodes lamin A, which an intermediate filament protein that attaches to the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. We performed sequence analysis based on our original targeted gene panel system for muscle diseases to obtain a molecular diagnosis in a Japanese girl with L-CMD. A novel heterozygous missense mutation, c.115A>C (p.Asn39His), in LMNA is reported.
The influence of retardation and dielectric environments on interatomic Coulombic decay
Authors: Hemmerich Joshua Leo , Bennett Robert , Buhmann Stefan Yoshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInteratomic Coulombic decay (ICD) is a very efficient process by which high-energy radiation is redistributed between molecular systems, often producing a slow electron, which can be damaging to biological tissue. During ICD, an initially-ionised and highly-excited donor species undergoes a transition where an outer-valence electron moves to a lower-lying vacancy, transmitting a photon with sufficient energy to ionise an acceptor species placed close by. Traditionally the ICD process has been described via ab initio quantum chemistry based on electrostatics in free space, which cannot include the effects of retardation stemming from the finite speed of light, nor the influence of a dispersive, absorbing, discontinuous environment. Here we develop a theoretical description of ICD based on macroscopic quantum electrodynamics in dielectrics, which fully incorporates all these effects, enabling the established power and broad applicability of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics to be unleashed across the fast-developing field of ICD.
Bottom-up growth of n-type monolayer molecular crystals on polymeric substrate for optoelectronic device applications
Authors: Shi Yanjun , Jiang Lang , Liu Jie , Tu Zeyi , Hu Yuanyuan , Wu Qinghe , Yi Yuanping , Gann Eliot , McNeill Christopher R. , Li Hongxiang , Hu Wenping , Zhu Daoben , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSelf-assembly of monolayers of functional molecules on dielectric surfaces is a promising approach for the development of molecular devices proposed in the 1970s. Substrate chemically bonded self-assembled monolayers of semiconducting conjugated molecules exhibit low mobility. And self-assembled monolayer molecular crystals are difficult to scale up and limited to growth on substrates terminated by hydroxyl groups, which makes it difficult to realize sophisticated device functions, particularly for those relying on n-type electron transport, as electrons suffer severe charge trapping on hydroxyl terminated surfaces. Here we report a gravity-assisted, two-dimensional spatial confinement method for bottom-up growth of high-quality n-type single-crystalline monolayers over large, centimeter-sized areas. We demonstrate that by this method, n-type monolayer molecular crystals with high field-effect mobility of 1.24 cm2 V−1 s−1 and band-like transport characteristics can be grown on hydroxyl-free polymer surface. Furthermore, we used these monolayer molecular crystals to realize high-performance crystalline, gate-/light-tunable lateral organic p–n diodes.
Exposure to an extreme environment comes at a sensorimotor cost
Authors: Kim Kyoung Jae , Gimmon Yoav , Sorathia Sharmeen , Beaton Kara H. , Schubert Michael C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong duration space flight is known to induce severe modifications in the sensorimotor and musculoskeletal systems. While in-flight strategies including physical fitness have been used to prevent the loss of bone and muscle mass using appropriate rehabilitative countermeasures, less attention has been put forth in the design of technologies that can quickly and effectively assess sensorimotor function during missions in space. The aims of the present study were therefore (1) to develop a Portable Sensorimotor Assessment Platform (PSAP) to enable a crewmember to independently and quickly assess his/her sensorimotor function during the NASA’s Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) and (2) to investigate changes in performance of static posture, tandem gait, and lower limb ataxia due to exposure in an extreme environment. Our data reveal that measuring the degree of upper body balance and gait regularity during tandem walking using PSAP provided a sensitive and objective quantification of body movement abnormalities due to changes in sensorimotor performance over the duration of mission exposure.
Two‐layer coordination architecture HIF detection with µPMU data
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Yongjie , Luo Yiping , He Jinghan , Ling Ping , Fang Chen 
Published: July 2018

The detection of high‐impedance fault (HIF) on distribution network has been one of the most difficult problems. This study presents a data‐driven method for HIF detection by using single‐ended micro‐phasor measurement unit (µPMU). This approach is based on the two‐layer coordination architecture, local side with μPMUs and master station for further analysis. At the local side, the μPMUs gather the synchronous data and achieve feature extraction with k ‐means clustering algorithm and principal component analysis. For determining the amounts of data categories, the authors adopt a method based on silhouette coefficient. Meanwhile, send the characteristics to the master station, then detect the HIF fault through the support vector machine. Finally, the method was tested on a 34 nodes distribution network in PSCAD/EMTDC. The results justify the effectiveness and the proposed detection scheme has >85% accuracy.
Chronische Leiden – Handlungsbedarf
Authors: Sandner Daniel 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Erfahrung der Endlichkeit des Lebens ist die universellste Erfahrung des Menschen überhaupt. In einem Kulturkreis, in dem Krankheit als die Abweichung vom Normalen gesehen wird und Altern, Sterben und Tod weitgehend tabuisiert sind, führt das Auftreten einer chronischen Erkrankung oft zu einer tiefgreifenden Erschütterung der psychischen Integrität des Betroffenen. Die Prävalenz psychogener Störungen zeigt, dass etwa 25% der Bevölkerung an psychosomatischen Störungen erkrankt sind. Ein Drittel gilt als nicht mehr therapierbar, während 2/3 durch ambulante oder stationäre Behandlung Maßnahmen gebessert oder geheilt werden könnten. Wesentlich größer ist der in verschiedenen Studien ermittelte Anteil psychogener Störungen in Patientenpopulationen aller klinischen Disziplinen. Danach soll bei 30–60% aller Patienten eine erhebliche Beteiligung psychosozialer Faktoren am Krankheitsbild bestehen. Die Behandlung chronisch Erkrankter schließt die Krankheitsbewältigung als wesentliches Therapieziel mit ein.