bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strokovna stališča Slovenskega združenja za gastroenterologijo in hepatologijo o obravnavi bolnikov, okuženih z bakterijo Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Tepeš Bojan , Štabuc Borut 
Published: June 2018

The article presents a position statement of the Slovenian Association for Gastroenterology and Hepatology on the management of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Position statement was presented and adopted at the 64th SAGH meetting on 11 November 2016 in Portorož.Every patient infected with H. pylori needs treatment. Recommended first-line regimen is a 14-day treatment with esomeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. The success of treatment must be monitored by non-invasive tests (urea breath test) one month or more after completing the treatment. When the first-line treatment fails, we recommend that patient is referred to a gastroenterologist. The recommended second-line therapy consists of a 14-day treatment with levofloxacin (esomeprazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin), or 14 per day treatment with colloidal bismuth (esomeprazole, colloidal bismuth, oxytetracycline / amoxicillin, metronidazole). All third-line treatments should be based on the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing.H. pylori is grade I carcinogen and is responsible for 89 % of all cancers of the stomach, with the exception of cancer of the cardia. Therefore, the SAGH recommends that we should start with a national screening programme for H. pylori infection in asymptomatic Slovenian population aged between 20 and 30 years. All H. pylori infected patients should be treated with a 14-day quadruple regimen (esomeprazole, colloidal bismuth, oxytetracycline / amoxicillin, metronidazole). The program must be organised and supervised along the lines of the SVIT programme.Position statement is also given for secondary gastric cancer prevention in older patients with chronic H. pylori infection and diffuse preneoplastic gastric mucosa changes (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia).
University Autonomy and Accountability in Russian Higher Education
Authors: Volkov Andrei , Melnyk Dara 
Published: June 2018

Historically, the Russian State has had a tumultuous relationship with institutional independence. For the country to become again an academic superpower, it is necessary to expand university autonomy to enable independent strategic thinking on the leadership’s part and ensure that universities are accountable to their stakeholders. This article considers the broad issues of university autonomy and accountability in Russia from historical and contemporary perspectives.
Quality Assurance in Ghana: Accomplishments and Challenges
Authors: Swanzy Patrick , Langa Patricio V. , Ansah Francis 
Published: June 2018

This article examines Ghana’s efforts to revitalize its higher education system using quality assurance (QA). Specifically, we discuss the accomplishments and challenges of the QA system. Ghana has one of the oldest QA systems in Africa, so lessons learned there are worth sharing with scholars and practitioners.
An Agenda in Motion: Women’s Issues in Latin American Higher Education
Authors: Maldonado-Maldonado Alma , Acosta Felicitas 
Published: June 2018

Women in Latin America have experienced physical and psychological violence; discrimination; lack of equal opportunities; less recognition for their work, abilities, and capacities. The #MeToo and Time's Up movements (2017) are dealing with the issue of women's role in present-day society and highlight cases of male power towards women. This article offers a reflection on this discussion at universities in the region.
Pathway Colleges: A New Institutional Form in Canada
Authors: McCartney Dale M. , Scott Metcalfe Amy 
Published: June 2018

Canada’s public universities seeking to increase their international student recruitment are building pathways that allow students who lack the academic or language credentials needed for direct entry to the university to upgrade their skills and eventually matriculate to the larger institution. These pathway collegesare a new institutional form in Canada, but as yet they have received almost no attention from scholars. This paper offers a brief typology of these emerging institutions and offers some suggestions for future research.
Cyclic electron transfer around Photosystem I mediated by 2,3‐dichloro‐1,4‐naphtoquinone and ascorbate
Authors: Petrova Anastasia A. , Trubitsin Boris V. , Boskhomdzhieva Baina K. , Semenov Alexey Yu. , Tikhonov Alexander N. 
Published: June 2018

In this work, we investigated electron transport around the photosynthetic pigment–protein complex of Photosystem I (PS I) mediated by external high‐potential electron carrier 2,3‐dichloro‐1,4‐naphtoquinone (Cl2NQ) and ascorbate. It has been demonstrated that the oxidized species of Cl2NQ and ascorbate serve as intermediates capable of accepting electrons from the iron–sulfur cluster FX of PS I. Reduced species of Cl2NQ and ascorbate are oxidized by photooxidized PS I primary donor and/or by molecular oxygen. We have found the synergistic effect of Cl2NQ and ascorbate on the rate of reduction. Accelerated electron flow to , observed in the presence of both Cl2NQ and ascorbate, is explained by an increase in the reduced species of Cl2NQ due to electron transfer from ascorbate.
“I Was Really Pleasantly Surprised”: Firsthand Experience and Shifts in Physical Therapist Perceptions of Telephone‐Delivered Exercise Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis–A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lawford Belinda J. , Delany Clare , Bennell Kim L. , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo explore physiotherapists’ perceptions before and after delivering exercise advice via telephone to patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe performed a descriptive qualitative study (based on interpretivist methodology) embedded within a randomized controlled trial. Before and after providing exercise therapy to patients with knee OA, all 8 physiotherapists who were involved in the trial participated in semi‐structured interviews via telephone. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.ResultsPrior to delivering the intervention, physiotherapists thought that the telephone should be used only for follow‐up rather than as the primary mode of providing care. They believed that telephone‐delivered care would be convenient and cost‐saving for patients, would provide increased opportunity for patient education, and also increase access to services, but that the lack of visual and physical contact with patients would be problematic. After delivering the intervention, physiotherapists reflected that telephone‐delivered care exceeded their expectations, noting positive patient outcomes including improved pain, function, and confidence. The focus on communication allowed more personal conversations with patients and shifted patient expectations of care away from manual therapies and toward self‐management. Numerous implementation considerations were identified, including the need for clinician training in communication skills, written resources for patients to supplement telephone calls, and careful deliberation of how to schedule telephone consultations during the usual in‐person consultations in the clinic.ConclusionAlthough physiotherapists were initially skeptical about the effectiveness of telephone‐delivered service models to patients with knee OA, perceptions shifted once they experienced delivery of care via this nontraditional method. Our findings suggest that firsthand experience may be necessary for physiotherapists to embrace new models of service delivery.
Tandem Condensation/Rearrangement Reaction of 2‐Aminohetarene N‐Oxides for the Synthesis of Hetaryl Carbamates
Authors: Bystrov Dmitry M. , Zhilin Egor S. , Fershtat Leonid L. , Romanova Anna A. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new approach to hetaryl carbamates through a tandem condensation/rearrangement reaction of 2‐aminohetarene N‐oxides was developed. The developed reaction is suitable for both five‐ and six‐membered heterocycles and proceeds through the condensation of 2‐aminohetarene N‐oxide with trimethyl orthoformate followed by intramolecular N‐oxide oxygen transfer. For five‐membered hetarene N‐oxides (furoxans), the intramolecular rearrangement is catalyzed by a cyanide anion, while for six‐membered hetarene N‐oxides (azines), Lewis acid catalysis is sufficient. The developed protocol is characterized by operational simplicity and high efficiency, resulting in carbamoyl derivatives in good and high yields.magnified image
MicroRNA‐Directed Intracellular Self‐Assembly of Chiral Nanorod Dimers
Authors: Xu Liguang , Gao Yifan , Kuang Hua , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs), a kind of single‐stranded small RNA molecules, play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes in human beings. We describe here the detection of miRNA, by side‐by‐side self‐assembly of plasmonic nanorod dimers in living cells, which gives rise to a distinct intense chiroplasmonic response and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The dynamic assembly of chiral nanorods was confirmed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), also in living cells. Our study provides insights into in situ self‐assembly of plasmonic probes for the real‐time measurement of biomarkers in living cells. This could improve the current understanding of cellular RNA–protein complexes, pharmaco‐genomics, and genetic diagnosis and therapies.
Serious Hypoglycemia and Use of Warfarin in Combination With Sulfonylureas or Metformin
Authors: Nam Young Hee , Brensinger Colleen M. , Bilker Warren B. , Leonard Charles E. , Han Xu , Hennessy Sean 
Published: June 2018

Prior research suggests that warfarin, when given concomitantly with some sulfonylureas, may increase the risk of serious hypoglycemia. However, the clinical significance remains unclear. We examined rate ratios (RRs) for the association between serious hypoglycemia and concomitant use of warfarin with either sulfonylureas or metformin using a self‐controlled case series design and US Medicaid claims (supplemented with Medicare claims) from 1999 to 2011. Across all risk windows combined, warfarin was associated with an elevated rate of serious hypoglycemia when given concomitantly with glimepiride (RR, 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–2.02) and metformin (RR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.38–2.16). Particularly in the late risk window (>120 days since beginning concomitancy), most of the RRs for warfarin were elevated: glipizide (RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.29–2.29), glyburide (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.15–2.15), metformin (RR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.67–3.05), and glimepiride (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.97–2.50). These results are consistent with a previously hypothesized hypoglycemic effect of warfarin in patients with type 2 diabetes through inhibition of the carboxylation of osteocalcin.
A pain in the skin. Regenerating nerve sprouts are distinctly associated with ongoing burning pain in patients with diabetes
Authors: Galosi E. , La Cesa S. , Di Stefano G. , Karlsson P. , Fasolino A. , Leone C. , Biasiotta A. , Cruccu G. , Truini A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundsPatients with diabetic polyneuropathy commonly suffer from ongoing burning pain and dynamic mechanical allodynia. In this clinical and skin biopsy study, we aimed at assessing how intraepidermal regenerating nerve sprouts are associated with these two types of pain.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 85 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. All patients underwent skin biopsy at the distal leg. Intraepidermal nerve fibres were immunostained with the anti‐protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) to quantify all intraepidermal nerve fibres, and the growth‐associated protein 43 (GAP43) to quantify regenerating nerve sprouts.ResultsWe found that the GAP43‐stained intraepidermal nerve fibre density and the ratio GAP43/PGP9.5 were significantly higher in patients with ongoing burning pain than in those without. The area of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the ratio GAP43/PGP9.5 was 0.74 and yielded a sensitivity and specificity for identifying ongoing burning pain of 72% and 71%, respectively. Conversely, although the density of PGP9.5 and GAP43 intraepidermal nerve fibre was higher in patients with dynamic mechanical allodynia than in those without, this difference was statistically weak and the ROC curve analysis of skin biopsy variables for this type of pain failed to reach the statistical significance.ConclusionOur clinical and skin biopsy study showed that ongoing burning pain was strongly associated with regenerating sprouts, as assessed with GAP43 immunostaining. This finding improves our understanding on the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and suggests that the GAP43/PGP 9.5 ratio might be used as an objective marker for ongoing burning pain due to regenerating sprouts.SignificanceOur skin biopsy study showing that regenerating sprouts, as assessed with GAP43‐staining, were strongly associated with ongoing burning pain, improves our knowledge on the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in patients with diabetes
Mind over motor mapping: Driver response to changing vehicle dynamics
Authors: Bruno Jennifer L. , Baker Joseph M. , Gundran Andrew , Harbott Lene K. , Stuart Zachary , Piccirilli Aaron M. , Hosseini S. M. Hadi , Gerdes J. Christian , Reiss Allan L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImprovements in vehicle safety require understanding of the neural systems that support the complex, dynamic task of real‐world driving. We used functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and pupilometry to quantify cortical and physiological responses during a realistic, simulated driving task in which vehicle dynamics were manipulated. Our results elucidate compensatory changes in driver behavior in response to changes in vehicle handling. We also describe associated neural and physiological responses under different levels of mental workload. The increased cortical activation we observed during the late phase of the experiment may indicate motor learning in prefrontal–parietal networks. Finally, relationships among cortical activation, steering control, and individual personality traits suggest that individual brain states and traits may be useful in predicting a driver's response to changes in vehicle dynamics. Results such as these will be useful for informing the design of automated safety systems that facilitate safe and supportive driver–car communication.
Aerobic exercise modulates anticipatory reward processing via the μ‐opioid receptor system
Authors: Saanijoki Tiina , Nummenmaa Lauri , Tuulari Jetro J. , Tuominen Lauri , Arponen Eveliina , Kalliokoski Kari K. , Hirvonen Jussi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhysical exercise modulates food reward and helps control body weight. The endogenous µ‐opioid receptor (MOR) system is involved in rewarding aspects of both food and physical exercise, yet interaction between endogenous opioid release following exercise and anticipatory food reward remains unresolved. Here we tested whether exercise‐induced opioid release correlates with increased anticipatory reward processing in humans. We scanned 24 healthy lean men after rest and after a 1 h session of aerobic exercise with positron emission tomography (PET) using MOR‐selective radioligand [11C]carfentanil. After both PET scans, the subjects underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment where they viewed pictures of palatable versus nonpalatable foods to trigger anticipatory food reward responses. Exercise‐induced changes in MOR binding in key regions of reward circuit (amygdala, thalamus, ventral and dorsal striatum, and orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices) were used to predict the changes in anticipatory reward responses in fMRI. Exercise‐induced changes in MOR binding correlated negatively with the exercise‐induced changes in neural anticipatory food reward responses in orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices, insula, ventral striatum, amygdala, and thalamus: higher exercise‐induced opioid release predicted higher brain responses to palatable versus nonpalatable foods. We conclude that MOR activation following exercise may contribute to the considerable interindividual variation in food craving and consumption after exercise, which might promote compensatory eating and compromise weight control.
The association between serum progesterone level and preterm delivery
Authors: Feng Tingting , Allen John C. , Ng M. Jack , Yeo George S.H. , Kwek Kenneth Y.C. , Chern Bernard S.M. , Tan Kok H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of serum progesterone level and preterm delivery.MethodsThe present prospective cohort study enrolled women with singleton pregnancies attending their first prenatal visit at the outpatient specialist clinics at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, between September 1, 2010, and August 31, 2014. Progesterone levels were measured at four clinical visits (visit 1: 9–14 weeks; visit 2: 18–22 weeks; visit 3: 28–32 weeks; visit 4: >34 weeks) and were compared (after adjusting for potential confounders) between patients who had term and preterm deliveries, and among subgroups of spontaneous preterm and iatrogenic preterm deliveries.ResultsThere were 708 patients included. Serum progesterone levels at visit 3 were higher in the preterm delivery group than in the term delivery group (P=0.036). The levels did not differ between the two groups at other visits (all P>0.05). In the subgroup analysis, progesterone levels were higher in the iatrogenic preterm delivery subgroup than the term subgroup at visits 1 and 3. A progesterone cut‐off level of 304.5 nmol/L demonstrated 81.8% sensitivity, 40.1% specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 97.5% and 7.2%, respectively, as a predictor of preterm delivery.ConclusionHigher serum progesterone levels at 28–32 weeks of pregnancy were observed in women who had preterm deliveries; it was weakly predictive of preterm delivery.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the short and medium term following the World Trade Center attack among Asian Americans
Authors: Kung Winnie W. , Liu Xinhua , Goldmann Emily , Huang Debbie , Wang Xiaoran , Kim Keon , Kim Patricia , Yang Lawrence H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study investigated patterns of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their predictors among 2,431 Asian American and 31,455 non‐Hispanic White World Trade Center (WTC) Registry participants 2–3 years and 5–6 years after the WTC attack. Participants were divided into four PTSD pattern groups: resilient, remitted, delayed onset, and chronic. Asians had a lower proportion in the resilient group (76.5% vs. 79.8%), a higher proportion in the chronic (8.6% vs. 7.4%) and remitted (5.9% vs. 3.4%) groups, and a similar proportion in the delayed onset group (about 9%) compared to Whites. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, disaster exposure, immigrant status, lower income, pre‐attack depression/anxiety, and lower respiratory symptoms were associated with increased odds of chronic and delayed onset PTSD (vs. resilience) among both races. Education and employment were protective against chronic and delayed onset PTSD among Whites only. These results can inform targeted outreach efforts to enhance prevention and treatment for Asians affected by future events.
Ultrastructural analysis of early regenerating lizard tail suggests that a process of dedifferentiation is involved in the formation of the regenerative blastema
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe formation of the regenerating tail blastema of lizards occurs by the multiplication of stem cells but also some dedifferentiation from adult cells may take place after tail loss by autotomy, as it is suggested in the present study. Using 5BrdU‐immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy it is shown that part of the damaged tissues undergo progressive cytological de‐differentiation (cell reprogramming). This occurs for muscle, fibrocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and cells derived from the spinal cord during the initial 3–8 days post‐autotomy of the tail in the wall lizard Podarcis muralis. Dedifferentiating cells loose most endoplasmic reticulum, sarcomeres in myocells, lipid droplets in adipocytes, extracellular matrix in chondrocytes. Numerous cytoplasmic vesicles are formed, perhaps reflecting an initial sufferance of dedifferentiating cells. These cells are not dying because they incorporate 5BrdU and proliferate. Nuclei of small fibrocytes present in the dermis and inter‐muscle connective tissues, initially heterochromatic, become euchromatic and their cytoplasm increases in volume although the endoplasmic reticulum remains limited, as it is typical for mesenchymal cells. The present study, supported by previous transcriptome and 5BrdU‐labeling data, and from recent tracing studies, suggests that aside stem cells present in different tissues of the tail, also cell dedifferentiation occurs in the injured tail of lizards. The relative contribution between de‐differentiation and stem cells for the formation of the regenerating lizard blastema likely depends from the extension of the trauma.
Darkening, damage and oxidative protection are stimulated in tissues closer to the yam cut, attenuated or not by the environment
Authors: Coelho Júnior Luiz F , Ferreira‐Silva Sérgio L , Vieira Marcos RS , Carnelossi Marcelo AG , Simoes Adriano N 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated how the activities of the enzymes and metabolites of oxidative metabolism are affected in different regions of cut tissue, associating these changes with the evolution of browning in fresh‐cut yam. Samples were collected from yam at 0–5 and 5–10 mm from the cut site. Fresh‐cut yams were stored at 5 or 26 °C for days or hours respectively, simulating commercialization, with or without packaging.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that the injury to the yam was a physical inducer of changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation and phenolic compounds and in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. These responses were significant in the tissue closest to the wound but also observed, although less intense, in the more distant tissue. The combined effects of wounding and dehydration during storage intensified the above responses. Conversely, refrigeration attenuated the transmission of the wounding response through the adjacent tissue.CONCLUSIONThe results of this work provide the first evidence in cut yam roots that the membrane degradation products, enzymes involved in oxidative protection and enzymes that modulate the oxidation of phenolic compounds are intertwined mechanisms that cause tissue darkening. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry