bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Backslip: Improvement of Earthquake Simulators from New Hybrid Loading Conditions
Authors: Shaw Bruce E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA standard approach to loading earthquake simulators involving complex fault system geometries is the backslip method, by which fault‐slip rates are specified and stressing rates giving the specified slip rates are calculated and imposed on the system. This often results in singularities in stressing rate at fault boundaries, and unrealistic hypocenters of events associated with these singularities. We present a new generalized hybrid loading method that combines the ability to drive faults at desired slip rates while loading with more regularized stressing rates, allowing faults to slip in a more natural way. The resulting behavior shows improvement in the depth dependence of seismicity, the distribution of sizes of events, and the depth dependence of slip. We discuss as well the physical implications of the new type of loading.
KAFKASYA’DA RUS İDARİ YAPILARI (1785-1845)
Authors: AYCAN TAŞCI Tekin 
Published: October 2019

16. yüzyılda Kafkasya’ya nüfuz eden Rus Devleti’nin bölgedeki ilk idari yapıları 18. yüzyıldan itibaren burada inşa edilen kaleler ile ortaya çıktı. Bu kaleler, Rus Kazakları ile Rusya’ya bağlılık bildiren halkların yönetimini üstlendi. Rusya’nın, 1774 Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması ile Kuzey Kafkasya’daki hâkimiyetini hukuki boyuta taşıması ve 1783’te Gürcistan’ın himayesini üstlenerek Güney Kafkasya’ya nüfuz etmesi Kuzey Kafkasya’da imparatorluk taşra idaresinin kurulmasını zaruri hale getirdi. Böylece, ülke genelinde uygulamaya konulan II. Yekaterina’nın guberniya reformu kapsamında, Kuzey Kafkasya, Rus idare sistemine dâhil edildi. Fakat bölgede kurulan idari yapı kalıcı olmadı. İlk önce taşra teşkilatına dair imparatorluk genelinde yapılan yeni düzenleme, ardından da Rusya’nın sınırlarını Güney Kafkasya’ya genişletmesine bağlı olarak Kafkasya’daki Rus idaresinde değişikliklere gidildi. 1845 yılına kadar Kafkasya’da uygulanan idari yapılar, bazı istisnalar dışında genel itibarıyla yerel şartlar göz ardı edilerek imparatorluk taşra idaresinin bölgede tatbiki şeklinde kendini gösterdi. 1785-1845 yılları arasında Kafkasya'daki Rus idari yapılarının ele alındığı bu çalışmada Rusça arşiv belgeleri başta olmak üzere birinci el kaynaklar ve tetkik eserlerden faydalanılmıştır.
“Siliconomas” mamarios por inyección de silicona líquida
Authors: Contreras-Grande Jheferson , Pastor-Gutiérrez Dayana , Salvatierra Guillermo 
Published: October 2019

.Mujer de 65 años, sin antecedentes de importancia, fue referida por dolor mamario; al examen físico se encontró mamas de consistencia dura. La mamografía mostró múltiples imágenes nodulares redondeadas de alta densidad de distribución dispersa y generalizada en ambas mamas. En la ecografía se evidenció artefacto en “tormenta de nieve” en ambas mamas. La paciente mencionó posteriormente el antecedente de inyección de silicona líquida en las mamas hace 20 años. Los “siliconomas” aparecen como consecuencia de reacciones granulomatosas a la silicona ya sea por la rotura de implantes o por inyección directa de silicona como en este caso. Recomendamos en estos casos, realizar resonancia magnética, como parte del tamizaje anual, por ser el único método técnicamente, que detectaría un carcinoma infiltrante o in situ de grado intermedio y alto.
Initial Research of Mineral Based Anti-Corrosion and Thermo-Resistant Multicomponent Composite Materials
Authors: Asgarov Emil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The new approach is to create a multicomponent composite material on a basis of mineral component by defining extreme value of the multi-variable function. It is decided to carry out theoretical analyze first. For theoretical analysis, the effects of component quantity on the parameters (e.g. anti-corrosion and temperature resistance) to be determined by experiments and in all cases the results to be theoreticized by approximation method. Thus, the mathematical formula for the relation of anti-corrosion and temperature resistance with components has been determined. In order to evaluate anti-corrosion and thermo-resistant resistance it is defined multi-variablefunctional relation and with this function it is achieved extreme values on optimum values of each component. The new material is compared to traditional anti -corrosion and thermoresistant material that are common. Currently implemented anti -corrosion and thermo-resistant material doesn't require needs of modern technological expectation. From this point of view anticorrosion and thermo-resistant materials need to have appropriate technical parameters. Traditional anti-corrosion materials basically have one or two components and these materials has protective film layer. Disadvantage of this film layer is whole layer can easily be destructed from weak point. This is due to the fact that traditional materials form film layer in connection areas. Compare with this one the new material has discrete structure. On this basis, the combination of protective and constructive material binding based on adhesion and cohesion. The structure not allows material to be destructed from weak point. Compare traditional thermo-resistant material new material approximately two times lighter than traditional ones. In order to increase the high temperature and corrosion resistance of this material, a multi-component spatial structure is formed.
On a basis of achieved theoretical results optimal quantity of each component is clarified, anticorrosion and thermo-resistant materials are made and tested. For example, 5 components thermoresistant material is tested up to 1500°C and not observed any sigh of destruction. On anticorrosive materials not observed corrosion symptoms. The novelty of the approach is to achieve high quality anti-corrosion and thermo-resistant material by defining an extreme value of the multi-variable function.
Tapered Conductor Installation, A De Novo Optimization of Well Cost in Malaysia
Authors: Jamaldin Fadzril Syafiq , Lee Jin Ming , M Dan Iliyas , Arumugam Sathiaseelan , Lin Wei Nyin , Omar M Afiefe , M Sofian Anas , Nasarudin Khairul Anwar , Damasena Edwin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As oil price is getting more volatile these days, O&G operators had to think outside the box and be innovative in optimizing well design that can contribute to reduction in overall well cost. Conductor casing or drive pipe design, is an aspect that was put into spotlist to offer significant cost savings.
Conductor casing string typically uses same pipe size and thickness from surface to the planned setting depth. The design is based on estimated safe working structural load that it will encounter post-installation. One of the design load is from the vortex induced vibration (VIV), an important source of fatigue damage on conductor casing and it will directly affect conductor design ie. Grade, size and wall thickness. As VIV only occurs across pipes in water, the conductor casing joints inside the soil/below mudline are not affected by VIV fatigue damage. Hence, a tapered conductor design was introduced, by combining 2 different conductor wall thickness above and below mudline, based on the VIV exposures across the string.
This paper discusses on the challenges from design, planning to execution stage, in installing the tapered conductor to the setting depths seamlessly, without compromising HSE and well structure, by adopting fit-for-purpose design that contributes to effective cost optimization
Application of Conformance Control Techniques in Tengiz Field
Authors: Yechshanov Ilyas , Zhumagulov Kanat , Tussupbayev Ilyas , Bopiyev Chingiz , Ghomian Yousef , Amangaliyev Bolat 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sour Gas Injection project has been successfully implemented in Tengiz field, achieving long term pressure maintenance in the platform area by re-injecting gas with high H2S concentration and improving oil recovery. From the recent gas saturation campaign, sweep efficiency in injection pattern has varied from 10 to 70%, with the highest sweep, as well as most of gas breakthroughs observed in Bashkirian interval. This represents effective and uniform piston like miscible displacement across whole Bashkirian that enhances oil production. Similarly, surveillance monitoring shows that due to higher depletion rate in same Bashkirian, it experiences higher exposure to injectant fluid (sour gas) causing elevated GOR production at surface, whereas, lower intervals remain at near solution GOR with lower sweep efficiency. Such, anisotropy between the upper and lower intervals in terms of reservoir pressure and sweep efficiency creates an opportunity for the development of lower intervals by implementing conformance control technology.
Injectant breakthrough and GOR elevation in SGI wells create additional challenges for TCO, due to limited gas handling capacity at the plant processing facilities. Hence, isolation of Bashkirian will not only stimulate lower intervals to produce, but also, reduce GOR concerns. First pilot workover to isolate Bashkirian in SGI used chemical polymers. Polymers were injected into the formation and provided strong isolation of the target interval. As a result, time-lapse gas saturation logs confirmed significant increase in vertical sweep efficiency across whole Unit-1 intervals, plus lower GOR production lasted for more than 6 years. Completion type variety in existing SGI wells, make application of chemical polymers challenging, therefore, conformance control completions were introduced as an alternative solution. Conformance control liner provides mechanical isolation between compartments for more effective staged acid stimulation treatments and enable potential isolation of unwanted fluids.
This paper will introduce application of various conformance control techniques to alter production in SGI pattern by developing lower intervals and reducing elevated GOR. A gas shut-off campaign was initiated in Tengiz field after a decade of sour gas injection. Case studies will be presented to share challenges and results during planning and execution phases.
Impact of Aquifer Strength on Carbonate Gas Condensate Field Development Strategy, Case Study
Authors: Yeshtay Zhandos , Bekenov Yerlan , Karamergenov Zhasulan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Before beginning the development of a carbonate gas condensate field, it is necessary to consider all the technological risks of development, related with pressure dropping below dew point pressure, thus the productivity of the aquifer. The field under consideration is carbonate, where the key words are the conductivity of fracture components, because of advancement of fluids in the pore space and matrix for storage of hydrocarbon reserves with low permeability. The reservoir drive mechanism assumed for this field is gas cycling. There was performed a comparative material balance analysis of aquifer influence with an analog field with similar geology but with differing hydrocarbon saturation, where waterflooding is considered the main drive mechanism. Then sensitivity studies were conducted on a simulation model of the field. It was important to define the strength of the aquifer in the matrix and fracture parts, to determine the aquifer productivity, permeability properties and other parameters. The conclusions were taken into account in the planning the versions of development, and compared with the initial technological indicators. As well as recommendations for improving development strategies.
Pore Pressure and Optimum Mud Weight Estimation Using Offset Wells in Bulla Daniz Field, Azerbaijan: Case Study
Authors: Mirzayev Mammad , Gasimova Sevinj , Gasimov Iftikhar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This case study presents a workflow of pore and fracturing pressure estimation and optimum mud weight selection in the wells that SOCAR AQS has drilled in Bulla Field. The optimum mud weight is calculated that incorporates statistical uncertainty inherent in its nature. The method employs Eaton equation to estimate pore pressure. Once pore pressure is estimated, we can calculate fracturing pressure using poisson ratio. We also compare pore pressure with the MDT formation pressure. Some anomalies in MDT formation pressures have been observed. The pressure measurements are highly scattered with a standard deviation of 2177 psi. We use bootstrapping for classification of MDT formation pressure. With the help of this technique, we were able to identify 3 distinct pressure ranges. We can create safe mud weight window for a field of interest, after having drilled a well. Compared with pore pressure, fracturing pressure has higher variance. The estimated median of optimum mud weight is around 14.2 ppg. When we look at offset well mud weights, we see that some wells were drilled with larger mud weights. That is, larger the weight, more money is spent.
A Novel Approach to Refinment Reservoir Proxy Model Using Machine-Learning Techniques
Authors: Zotkin Oleg , Osokina Alena , Simonov Maksim , Alla Andrianova , Sharifov Anar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the crucial components of any company successful development in the oil industry is the high-quality processing and analysis of a large amount of data for subsequent solving the forecasting and scheduling tasks of the oil, liquid, natural and co-produced wellhead gas production. Under the conditions of rapidly developing IT sphere, the use of machine learning methods is a relevant and a promising direction. However, most of the emerging engineering challenges cannot be solved efficiently by using either only machine learning algorithms or only physical and mathematical models.
Solving the above-mentioned tasks using only one of the approaches is either more labour-intensive (the description of all processes running in the system like in a complete physical/mathematical model), or allows for the possibility of non-physical solutions and high error values (when only machine learning approach is used) in comparison with the combined physical/mathematical and machine learning models.
The proposed hybrid approach allows to eliminate the uncertainties inherent in physical and mathematical models that are difficult to describe analytically by the application of machine learning methods to refine the results.
New Selective Isolation Method of Water Inflows into the Well Using Biologically Active Supplements
Authors: Kazimov Fazil K. , Rzaeva Sabina J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for isolating water inflows into the well by blocking high permeability zones with a gel-forming composition based on sodium silicate, including biologically active additives has been developed. Whey is used as a biologically active supplement. As a result of isolation of the watering intervals by the gel-forming composition, low-permeability oil-saturated areas are involved in the development.
The gelation process can be adjusted depending on the concentrations of sodium silicate and whey, as well as the temperature at a certain depth of the reservoir, necessary for isolation. To prevent a premature coagulation process when the formation is saturated with hard formation water, fresh or softened water is pumped in front of the gel-forming composition. When using this technology, the residual resistance factor will reach 3.88, an increase in oil production will be 18.5%.
A Cable-Controlled Zonal Production Technology with Real-Time Monitoring and Controlling
Authors: Yang Qinghai , Wang Quanbin , Yu Chuan , Jia Deli , Li Ming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many oilfields in China have stepped into the high and ultra-high water-cut recovery stage, with the comprehensive water cut (the ratio of the monthly water production to the monthly liquid production) approaching 90%. The injection-production relationship is seen with increasing complexity. Moreover, the commingled production is often adopted in the production well, and the liquid producing structure for the individual well is unclear, which results in the difficulty of the fine matching and adjustment between the injection and production. This paper proposes a cable-controlled real-time monitoring and controlling technology for zonal production. The technique is able to implement continuous monitoring of parameters such as the zonal flow rate, pressure, water cut and temperature through the whole production, and automatically adjust the zonal liquid production rate. The key to this technology is an integrated production regulator. The pressure test range of the regulator is 0–45 MPa and flow rate test range for a single layer lies between 5 m3/d and 100 m3/d. The field testing of the proposed technology has been successfully carried out in Daqing oilfield. There were totally three payzones, and the setting depth of the regulator is of 1050–1105 m. A tracking test for one month, including the downhole flow rate and pressure monitoring, the formation pressure buildup monitoring and the water cut monitoring at the wellhead, was conducted following the construction. The testing result indicates that this technology can accurately capture the downhole production status and effectively control the high-water-cut payzone. With the oil production of the individual well unchanged, the liquid production dropped by 5%–15%. The field practice demonstrates that this technology can effectively improve the waterflooding efficiency, suppress the ineffective water circulation and fulfill the refined development requirement of the oilfield.
Ketamine affects the integration of developmentally generated granule neurons in the adult stage
Authors: Zhao Zhanqiang , Li Bing , Wu Yuqing , Chen Xujun , Guo Yan , Shen Yang , huang he 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Ketamine has been reported to cause neonatal neurotoxicity in a variety of developing animal models. Various studies have been conducted to study the mechanism of neurotoxicity for general anesthetic use during the neonatal period. Previous experiments have suggested that developmentally generated granule neurons in the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) supported hippocampus-dependent memory. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether ketamine affects the functional integration of developmentally generated granule neurons in the DG. For this purpose ， the postnatal day 7 (PND-7) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the control group and the ketamine group (rats who received 4 injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1 h intervals). To label dividing cells, BrdU was administered for three consecutive days after the ketamine explore; NeuN+/BrdU+ cells were observed by using immunofluorescence. To evaluate the developmentally generated granule neurons that support hippocampus-dependent memory, spatial reference memory was tested by using Morris Water Maze at 3 months old, after which the immunofluorescence was used to detect c-Fos expression in the NeuN + /BrdU + cells. The expression of caspase-3 was measured by western blot to detect the apoptosis in the hippocampal DG.
Results
The present results showed that the neonatal ketamine exposure did not influence the survival rate of developmentally generated granule neurons at 2 and 3 months old, but ketamine interfered with the integration of these neurons into the hippocampal DG neural circuits and caused a deficit in hippocampal-dependent spatial reference memory tasks.
Conclusions
In summary, these findings may promote more studies to investigate the neurotoxicity of ketamine in the developing brain.
Analysis of Affecting Factors on Patient Safety Culture in Public and Private Hospitals in Iran
Authors: khoshakhlagh amir hossein , Khatooni Elham , Akbarzadeh Isa , Yazdanirad Saeid , Sheidaei Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Background : Patient safety culture is one of the main components of the quality of health services and is one of the main priorities of health studies. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine and compare the views of healthcare staff on the patients’ safety culture and the impact of effective factors on patient safety culture in public and private hospitals in Tehran, Iran.
Methods : This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 1203 health care workers employed in three public and three private hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Stratified random sampling was used in this study. Data were collected using the Maslach burnout inventory and patient safety culture questionnaire (HSOPSC). IBM SPSS v22 and Amos v23 were used to perform path analysis.
Results : 867 (72.57%) females and 747 (27.43%) males with a mean age of 33.88 ± 7.66 were included. The average percentage of positive responses to the safety culture questionnaire in public and private hospitals was 65.5% and 58.3%, respectively. The strengths of patient safety culture in public hospitals were in three dimensions including non-punitive response to errors (80%), organizational learning—continuous improvement (79.77%), and overall perceptions of patient safety (75.16%), and in private hospitals, were three dimensions including non-punitive responses to errors (71.41%), organizational learning & continuous improvement (69.24%), and teamwork within units (62.35%). The type of hospital and work-shift hours influenced the burnout and patient safety questionnaire scores (P-value <0.05). The path analysis results indicate the fitness of the proposed model (RMSEA= 0.024). The results showed a negative impact of a work shift (β= -0.791), occupational burnout (β= -0.554) and hospital type (β= -0.147) on the observance of patient safety culture.
Conclusion: providing feedback on errors and requirements for the frequent incident reporting, and patient information exchange seem necessary to promote the patient's safety culture. Also, considering the negative impact of the shift work and burnout on patient safety culture, by planning and managing these factors appropriately, correct actions could be designed to improve the safety culture.
Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng
Authors: Li Xue-Jiao , Yang Jian-Li , Hao Bing , Lu Ying-Chun , Qian Zhi-Long , Li Ying , Ye Shuang , Tang Jun-Rong , Chen Mo , Long Guang-Qiang , Zhao Yan , Zhang Guang-Hui , Chen Jun-Wen , Fan Wei , Yang Sheng-Chao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Taproot thickening is a complex biological process and depends on the coordinated expression of the genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb characterized by enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of taproot enlargement. Results A total of 29957 DETs were identified during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DETs associated wthith “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” were predominantly enriched. Furher functional analysis by integrating DETs expression profiling, endogenous hormone and primary metabolite identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, Starch branching enzyme I) and primary metabolites (e.g., Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose Malate and Arginine) potentially controlling taproot thickening, and highlighted that hormones crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostasis regulation of sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism play an important role during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot. Conclusion These results provide molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the characterization of genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops.