bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Engineered Natural Killer Cells Combined with Antiheat Endurance as a Powerful Strategy for Enhancing Photothermal‐Immunotherapy Efficiency of Solid Tumors
Authors: Zhang Da , Zheng Youshi , Lin Ziguo , Lan Shanyou , Zhang Xiaolong , Zheng Aixian , Li Juan , Liu Gang , Yang Huanghao , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough photothermal therapy (PTT) is preclinically applied in solid tumor treatment, incomplete tumor removal of PTT and heat endurance of tumor cells induces significant tumor relapse after treatment, therefore lowering the therapeutic efficiency of PTT. Herein, a programmable therapeutic strategy that integrates photothermal therapeutic agents (PTAs), DNAzymes, and artificial engineered natural killer (A‐NK) cells for immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is designed. The novel PTAs, termed as Mn‐CONASHs, with 2D structure are synthesized by the coordination of tetrahydroxyanthraquinone and Mn2+ ions. By further adsorbing polyetherimide/DNAzymes on the surface, the DNAzymes@Mn‐CONASHs exhibit excellent light‐to‐heat conversion ability, tumor microenvironment enhanced T1‐MRI guiding ability, and antiheat endurance ability. Furthermore, the artificial engineered NK cells with HCC specific targeting TLS11a‐aptamer decoration are constructed for specifically eliminating any possible residual tumor cells after PTT, to systematically enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PTT and avoid tumor relapse. Taken together, the potential of A‐NK cells combined with antiheat endurance as a powerful strategy for immuno‐enhancing photothermal therapy efficiency of solid tumors is highlighted, and the current strategy might provide promising prospects for cancer therapy.
A Sequential Target‐Responsive Nanocarrier with Enhanced Tumor Penetration and Neighboring Effect In Vivo
Authors: Cui Tingting , Yan Zhengqing , Qin Hongshuang , Sun Yuhuan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanodrug‐based cancer therapy is impeded by poor penetration into deep tumor tissues mainly due to the overexpression of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). Although modification of nanoparticles (NPs) with hyaluronidase (HAase) is a potent strategy, it remains challenging to get a uniform distribution of drug at the tumor site because of the internalization of NPs by the cells in the tumor and HA regeneration. Herein, an intelligent nanocarrier, which can release HAase in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment (pH 6.5) and perform a strong neighboring effect with size reduction to overcome the above two problems and accomplish drug deep tumor penetration in vivo, is reported. In this design, HAase is encapsulated on the surfaces of doxorubicin (DOX) preloaded ZnO‐DOX NPs using a charge convertible polymer PEG‐PAH‐DMMA (ZDHD). The polymer can release HAase to degrade HA in the tumor ECM (pH 6.5). ZnO‐DOX NPs can release DOX in lysosomes (pH 4.5) to induce cell apoptosis, and exert a neighboring effect with size reduction to infect neighboring cells. The hierarchical targeted release of HAase and drugs is demonstrated to enhance tumor penetration and decrease side effects in vivo. This work shows promise for further application of ZDHD NPs in cancer therapy.
Using blog‐like documents to investigate software practice: Benefits, challenges, and research directions
Authors: Rainer Austen , Williams Ashley 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground An emerging body of research is using grey literature to investigate software practice. One frequently occurring type of grey literature is the blog post. Whilst there are prospective benefits to using grey literature and blog posts to investigate software practice, there are also concerns about the quality of such material.Objectives To identify and describe the benefits and challenges to using blog‐like content to investigate software practice, and to scope directions for further research.Methods We conduct a review of previous research, mainly within software engineering, to identify benefits, challenges, and directions and use that review to complement our experiences of using blog posts in research.Results and Conclusion We identify and organise benefits and challenges of using blog‐like documents in software engineering research. We develop a definition of the type of blog‐like document that should be of (more) value to software engineering researchers. We identify and scope several directions in which to progress research into and with blog‐like documents. We discuss similarities and differences in secondary and primary studies that use blog‐like documents and similarities and differences between the use of blog‐like documents and the use of already established research methods, eg, interview and survey.
Distractors: Do we need a policy safeguarding sonographers' working conditions during obstetric ultrasound examinations?
Authors: Woodrow Nicole , Najafzadeh Afrooz , Thoirs Kerry 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionDistraction during obstetric scanning is a concern to sonographers, impacting on the safety of ultrasound for the pregnant patient, observers, and themselves. Our objective was to survey obstetric ultrasound practitioners to determine the formulation of policy in this area to mitigate the potential negative impacts of distractors.MethodsAn online survey was disseminated through professional bodies to study the views of Australian and New Zealand obstetric sonographers/sonologists on policy to combat distractors.ResultsSeventy‐eight percent of the surveyed sonographers (n = 393) responded to the closed‐ended questions on policy, with ~1/3 offering qualitative data/comments on workplace policy. Current policy direction was aimed at: the number of observers, the presence of children, separation of the medical and social bonding components of the scan, use of electronic devices, and the concept of “sonographer discretion.” Predominantly, (~66% of responses) policy was not adhered to due to multiple factors including fear of patient complaints if the policy was enforced.ConclusionThe tension in obstetric sonography between medical diagnostics and social bonding is of concern to sonographers in our study. The way forward may involve a combination of patient education and a policy backed up by a professional authority, which is implemented and enforced by an employer.
Models of evaluation under ceteris imparibus: System dynamics and the example of emergency care
Authors: McAvoy Susan , Staib Andrew , Birch Stephen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraditional and current approaches to modelling the impacts of health care interventions have focused on detail complexity and been ceteris paribus dependent and thereby ignored the wider system impacts. In this study, we have demonstrated that system dynamics (SD) offers theoretical and practical advantages over conventional methodologies and the qualitative assessment tools that have informed the business of emergency care. We translate the key findings of qualitative research, existing literature reviews and studies of the use of simulation and economic evaluation models into a value proposition for using SD tools. We conclude that there is growing evidence of a strong value proposition for the use of SD tools to investigate interventions targeting improved emergency care access. SD models can incorporate dynamic and organizational complexity and fill a gap beyond the microscope of the conventional methodologies informing health care. This potential to strengthen health care systems warrants further investigation.
A simple method for N‐M interaction diagrams of circular reinforced concrete cross sections
Authors: Di Laora Raffaele , Galasso Carmine , Mylonakis George , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel analytical method is derived for the ultimate capacity interaction diagram (i.e., axial compression, N ‐ bending moment resistance, M) of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with circular cross section. To this aim, the longitudinal rebar arrangement is replaced with a thin steel ring equivalent to the total steel area; moreover, according to modern design approaches, simplified stress–strain relationships for concrete and reinforcing steel are used. Illustrative applications demonstrate that the ultimate capacity computed by the proposed analytical approach agrees well with the results obtained by rigorous methods based on consolidated numerical algorithms. The new solution allows for a rapid, accurate assessment of circular cross section capacity by means of hand calculations; this is especially useful at the conceptual design stage of various structural and geotechnical systems. The method can be easily extended to more general configurations, such as multiple steel rings and composite concrete‐steel sections.
Effective turbulence and its implications in wind turbine fatigue assessment
Authors: Slot René M.M. , Sørensen John D. , Svenningsen Lasse , Moser Wolfgang , Thøgersen Morten L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effective turbulence approximation is widely used in the wind energy industry for site‐specific fatigue assessment of wind turbines with reference to loads. It significantly reduces the amount of aero‐elastic simulations required to document structural integrity by integrating out the directional variation of turbulence. Deriving the effective turbulence involves assumptions related to load effect histories, structural dynamics, and material fatigue strength. These assumptions may lead to low accuracy of fatigue load assessments by the effective turbulence compared with full directional simulations. This paper quantifies the implications of the effective turbulence for a multimegawatt wind turbine during normal operation. Analyses based on wind measurements from almost one hundred international sites document that the effective turbulence provides accurate results compared with full sector‐wise simulations, but only when linear SN‐curves are assumed. For a more advanced steel tower design approach using a bilinear SN‐curve, a reduction of the cross‐sectional design parameters by almost 10% is achieved. Additional 10% reduction can be obtained if fatigue damage is estimated utilizing the wind direction information. By applying a probabilistic approach, it is shown that this reduction in the design parameter of the steel tower does not compromise the structural integrity when the current IEC 61400‐1 standard is followed. The results presented may improve decision making in site‐specific fatigue assessments of wind turbines and prevent overconservative design, which results from the use of the effective turbulence, and thereby reduce the cost of wind energy.
Sentiment analysis for mining texts and social networks data: Methods and tools
Authors: Zucco Chiara , Calabrese Barbara , Agapito Giuseppe , Guzzi Pietro H. , Cannataro Mario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSocial networks (SNs) represent an established environment in which users share daily emotions and opinions. Therefore, they have become an essential source of big data related to sentiment/opinion sphere. Sentiment analysis (SA) aims to extract sentiments, emotions or opinions from texts, made available by different data sources like SNs. This review presents a depth study relative to the methods and the main tools for SA. The analysis was performed by defining four criteria and several variables to compare 24 tools with objective criteria. Specifically, the tools have been analyzed and tested to verify their usability, flexibility of use, and other specifications related to the type of analysis performed. The majority of tools can detect positive, negative, and neutral polarity, while few tools only detect positive and negative polarity. Moreover, seven tools were able to recognize emotions, and only one provides a visual map for geo‐referenced data. Except for one, remaining 23 tools offer service through the web interface. Finally, only nine tools provide both application program interfaces and a client for common programming languages to allow potential developer end‐users to integrate a specific SA tool into their application. Differently, from other recent surveys, the paper presents and discusses both methods and tools for analyzing texts and SN data sources to extract sentiment. Moreover, it contains a comprehensive comparison with other recent surveys. The comparative analysis of the tools completed according to objective criteria allows to highlight some limits on main tools that need to be faced with enhancing the end‐user experience.This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
String theory on the Schrödinger pp-wave background
Authors: Georgiou George , Sfetsos Konstantinos , Zoakos Dimitrios 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe study string theory on the pp-wave geometry obtained by taking the Penrose limit around a certain null geodesic of the non-supersymmetric Schrödinger background. We solve for the spectrum of bosonic excitations and find compelling agreement with the dispersion relation of the giant magnons in the Schrödinger background obtained previously in [47]. Inspired by the pp-wave spectrum we conjecture an exact in the t’Hooft coupling dispersion relation for the magnons in the original Schrödinger background. We show that the pp-wave background admits exactly 16 Killing spinors. We use the explicit form of the latter in order to derive the supersymmetry algebra of the background which explicitly depends on the deformation parameter. Its bosonic subalgebra is of the Newton-Hooke type.
Muddling-Through and Deep Learning for Managing Large-Scale Uncertain Risks
Authors: Cox Tony 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManaging large-scale, geographically distributed, and long-term risks arising from diverse underlying causes – ranging from poverty to underinvestment in protecting against natural hazards or failures of sociotechnical, economic, and financial systems – poses formidable challenges for any theory of effective social decision-making. Participants may have different and rapidly evolving local information and goals, perceive different opportunities and urgencies for actions, and be differently aware of how their actions affect each other through side effects and externalities. Six decades ago, political economist Charles Lindblom viewed “rational-comprehensive decision-making” as utterly impracticable for such realistically complex situations. Instead, he advocated incremental learning and improvement, or “muddling through,” as both a positive and a normative theory of bureaucratic decision-making when costs and benefits are highly uncertain. But sparse, delayed, uncertain, and incomplete feedback undermines the effectiveness of collective learning while muddling through, even if all participant incentives are aligned; it is no panacea. We consider how recent insights from machine learning – especially, deep multiagent reinforcement learning – formalize aspects of muddling through and suggest principles for improving human organizational decision-making. Deep learning principles adapted for human use can not only help participants in different levels of government or control hierarchies manage some large-scale distributed risks, but also show how rational-comprehensive decision analysis and incremental learning and improvement can be reconciled and synthesized.
Guideline implementation is effective at reducing proton pump inhibitor use in hematology-oncology units: A multidisciplinary intervention for reducing Clostridioides difficile risk
Authors: Ziegler Matthew J. , Freyer Craig , Landsburg Daniel , Pegues David , Bilker Warren , Hirsh Rebecca , Kucharczuk Colleen , Gilmar Cheryl , Gorman Theresa , Palmer Melissa , Harker Christina , Lightheart Erin , Han Jennifer H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe implemented a guideline for appropriate acid suppressant use in hematology-oncology patients. This intervention resulted in a sustained reduction in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use without an increase in rates of gastrointestinal bleeding. Practice guidelines are effective in reducing PPI use, which is associated with risk of Clostridioides difficile infection.
Guo Zhongshu's Archaeology of Writing
Authors: Hay Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

“Bird-tracks” and “tadpoles” are both names for ancient script. As customs changed, the script came to be used less and less, until any basis for knowledgeable discussion was lost and it was known only from hearsay. The Grand Preceptor said: “When the[forms of the]rites are lost, search for them in the countryside.” Might not ancient script be even better than the countryside?The names of dozens of artists from the tenth century have come down to us, for the most part with very little information about their lives and scarcely more about their art. Fortunately, the life and professional career of Guo Zhongshu 郭忠恕 (928–977) can be reconstructed in enough detail to give a sense of the personality of the artist and the world that he experienced. Indeed, we are doubly fortunate because Guo, it turns out, had no ordinary life. Known to art historians today primarily as one of the great painters of architectural subjects in Chinese history, Guo entered adult life in a different guise, as a brilliant young paleographer and calligrapher. This aspect of his career, no less important than his painting, is the subject of the present study. Although specialists have recognized his scholarly and calligraphic achievements, we still lack a contextualized account that incorporates what can be known of his biography and social circumstances. More important for the theme of this special issue, the material dimension of Guo's paleographic and calligraphic activities also remains to be explored. Any discussion can only be very partial, however, since no manuscripts or autograph calligraphies survive, only stone steles; fortunately, Guo's engagement with stele production is in itself of the highest historical interest. The chronologically organized text that follows tells a biographical story, with as much detail as the available sources allow, which eventually opens out onto the material world of steles, before returning to biography to recount the last chapter of Guo Zongshu's life. Rather than offering a conclusion, I end with a reflection on the materialities of transmission of paleographic and calligraphic knowledge. For the purposes of this article I have not thought it necessary to choose between the very different lenses of biography and material culture, since my goal is not to prove a thesis but to reconstruct an unfamiliar world. As I hope to show, the understanding of one person's life can enrich the understanding of artifacts associated directly and indirectly with the person, and vice versa.
Gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure control in Nepalese adults: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Das Gupta Rajat , Shabab Haider Shams , Sutradhar Ipsita , Hasan Mehedi , Joshi Hemraj , Rifat Haider Mohammad , Sarker Malabika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure (BP) control among the adult Nepalese population (≥18 years) using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A weighted sample of 13,393 adults (5620 males and 7773 females) was included in the final analysis. After conducting descriptive analyses with the selective explanatory variable, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. The strength of the association was expressed in adjusted odds with 95% confidence intervals. A higher proportion of women had their BP checked (87.7% females vs 73.0% males,p<0.001) and were aware of their raised BP (43.9% females vs 37.1% males,p<0.001) compared with men. Although female hypertensive individuals had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication use than their male counterparts (50.1% females vs 47.5% males), a higher proportion of male hypertensive participants had their BP controlled (49.2% females vs 53.5% males). Women with the poorest wealth index had a lower prevalence of antihypertensive use than their male counterparts. The odds of having their own BP measured increased with age among men but decreased with age among women. The household wealth index was positively associated with the odds of BP measurement, awareness of own BP and antihypertensive use. This study revealed that although women had a higher prevalence of hypertension awareness and antihypertensive medication use, the practice did not translate into better BP control. Inequality in antihypertensive medication use was observed among the poorest wealth quintiles. Public health programmes in Nepal should focus on reducing these inequalities. Further research is needed to learn why females have poorer control of BP, despite having higher antihypertensive medication use.
Simultaneous occurrence of hepatic alveolar and cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Ran B. , Wang M. , Jian W. , Jiang T. , Zhang R. , Guo Q. , Zhang W. , Wen H. , Shao Y. , Aji T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The co-occurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is extremely rare. Here, we present the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of three cases with co-occurring CE and AE in the liver. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging and 18FFluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-CT were used for preoperative diagnosis. Specimens were taken intraoperatively and sent for pathological studies to confirm the coexistence of CE and AE by laminated membrane, daughter cysts or germinal layer and infiltration structure. Albendazole was prescribed after operation for 12 months. All patients were completely recovered and showed no recurrence at last follow-up. Therefore, surgical intervention and postoperative application of albendazole are recommended for patients with concurrence of hepatic AE and CE.
Nematodes and cestodes of rodents in South Africa: baseline data on diversity and geographic distribution
Authors: Spickett A. , Junker K. , Froeschke G. , Haukisalmi V. , Matthee S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrently, descriptive information on the host range and geographic distribution of helminth parasites associated with naturally occurring rodents in South and southern Africa is scant. Therefore, we embarked on a countrywide study to: (1) identify gastrointestinal helminths and their host range, and (2) provide baseline data on the geographic distribution of helminths across the country. Altogether, 55 helminth taxa were recovered from at least 13 rodent species (n= 1030) at 26 localities across South Africa. The helminth taxa represented 25 genera (15 nematodes, nine cestodes and one acanthocephalan). Monoxenous nematodes were the most abundant and prevalent group, while the occurrence of heteroxenous nematodes and cestodes was generally lower. The study recorded several novel helminth–host associations. Single-host-species infections were common, although multiple-host-species infections by helminth species were also recorded. Monoxenous nematodes and some cestodes were recovered countrywide, whereas heteroxenous nematodes were restricted to the eastern regions of South Africa. The study highlights the as yet unexplored diversity of helminth species associated with naturally occurring rodent species and provides initial data on their geographical distribution in South Africa.