bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic emancipation within the Serbian mental map: The implementation of the Montenegrin and Macedonian standard languages
Authors: Voß Christian 
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the striking similarity in the hesitant implementation of the new Macedonian and Montenegrin standards, which has taken unusually long in both cases. As will be shown, a comparative look at the two standardisation processes reveals parallels of language politics in Macedonia after 1944 and Montenegro after 2006. In both cases the implementation of the new standard is hesitant, slow, and shows policy shifts. A key conclusion of this paper is that this normative vacuum is possible because Serbian, as the traditional H-variety, is omnipresent in both countries. This observation however implies an optimistic outlook for Montenegrin since Macedonian standardisation today can be assessed as a success story, despite continuous contestation from neighbouring countries. The paper focuses on both differences and commonalities of the standardisation process in these two Yugoslav successor states.
Peeling the onion top-down: Language policy in Serbia between power and myth
Authors: Stanković Branimir , Stefanović Marija 
Published: March 2019

This paper considers the issue of language policy and planning in Serbia, as managed by the main competent institution, the Serbian Language Standardization Committee, a trans-state, national institution dealing with vital issues of language policy and planning. Specifically, assuming a Bourdieusian perspective, it investigates the ideology behind the Committee’s policies, grounded in a series of language myths, and the way these policies influence professionals and everyday language users. The effects of a rigid, strict educational system and a standard language culture by educators are shown in detail focusing on the Torlak dialect in Southern Serbia. The Serbian case reveals a constant promotion of censorship and a heightened understanding of the benefits of self-censorship in the language market. This can be seen in the pressure exerted on certain speakers and the threat their mother tongue represents for their status in the labor market.
Participants’ perspectives and preferences on clinical trial result dissemination: The TRUST Thyroid Trial experience
Authors: Racine Emmy , Hurley Caroline , Cheung Aoife , Sinnott Carol , Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Baumgartner Christine , Rodondi Nicolas , Smithson William H. , Kearney Patricia M. 
Published: March 2019

Background: While there is an increasing consensus that clinical trial results should be shared with trial participants, there is a lack of evidence on the most appropriate methods. The aim of this Study Within A Trial (SWAT) is to use a patient and public involvement (PPI) approach to identify, develop and evaluate a patient-based approach to receiving trial results for participants in the Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Subclinical Hypo-Thyroidism Trial (TRUST), a trial of thyroxine versus placebo in people aged 65 years and older. Methods: Mixed methods study with three consecutive phases. Phase 1 iteratively developed a patient-based approach using semi-structured focus groups and a consensus-orientated-decision model, a PPI group to refine the method and adult literacy review for plain English assessment. Phase 2 was a single-blind parallel group trial. Irish TRUST participants were randomised to the intervention (patient-based approach) and control group (standard approach developed by lead study site). Phase 3 used a patient understanding questionnaire to compare patient understanding of results between the two groups. Results: Participants want to receive results of clinical trials, with qualitative findings indicating three key themes including ‘acknowledgement of individual contribution’, ‘contributing for a collective benefit’ and ‘receiving accessible and easy to understand results’. Building on these findings, the patient-based approachwas developed. TRUST participants (n=101) were randomised to the intervention (n=51) or control group (n=50). The questionnaire response rate was 74% for the intervention group and 62% for the control group. There were no differences in patient understanding between the two approaches. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that it is feasible to involve trial participants in the development of result dissemination materials. Although, in this study PPI did not influence patients’ understanding of results, it documents the process of conducting PPI within the clinical trial setting.
Point-of-care testing and treatment of sexually transmitted infections to improve birth outcomes in high-burden, low-income settings: Study protocol for a cluster randomized crossover trial (the WANTAIM Trial, Papua New Guinea)
Authors: Vallely Andrew J. , Pomat William S. , Homer Caroline , Guy Rebecca , Luchters Stanley , Mola Glen D. L. , Kariwiga Grace , Vallely Lisa M. , Wiseman Virginia , Morgan Chris , Wand Handan , Rogerson Stephen J. , Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Whiley David M. , Low Nicola , Peeling Rosanna , Siba Peter , Riddell Michaela , Laman Moses , Bolnga John , Robinson Leanne J. , Morewaya Jacob , Badman Steven G. , Batura Neha , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Toliman Pamela J. , Peter Wilfred , Babona Delly , Peach Elizabeth , Garland Suzanne M. , Kaldor John M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Trichomonas vaginalisand bacterial vaginosis have been associated with preterm birth and low birth weight, and are highly prevalent among pregnant women in many low- and middle-income settings. There is conflicting evidence on the potential benefits of screening and treating these infections in pregnancy. Newly available diagnostic technologies make it possible, for the first time, to conduct definitive field trials to fill this knowledge gap. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate whether antenatal point-of-care testing and immediate treatment of these curable sexually transmitted and genital infections (STIs) leads to reduction in preterm birth and low birth weight.Methods: The Women and Newborn Trial of Antenatal Interventions and Management (WANTAIM) is a cluster-randomised crossover trial in Papua New Guinea to compare point-of-care STI testing and immediate treatment with standard antenatal care (which includes the WHO-endorsed STI ‘syndromic’ management strategy based on clinical features alone without laboratory confirmation). The unit of randomisation is a primary health care facility and its catchment communities. The primary outcome is a composite measure of two events: the proportion of women and their newborns in each trial arm, who experience either preterm birth (delivery <37 completed weeks of gestation as determined by ultrasound) and/or low birth weight (<2500 g measured within 72 hours of birth). The trial will also evaluate neonatal outcomes, as well as the cost-effectiveness, acceptability and health system requirements of this strategy, compared with standard care.Conclusions:WANTAIM is the first randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability and health system requirements of point-of-care STI testing and treatment to improve birth outcomes in high-burden settings. If the intervention is proven to have an impact, the trial will hasten access to these technologies and could improve maternal and neonatal health in high-burden settings worldwide.Registration:ISRCTN37134032.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS ESSENTIAL OILS
Authors: Коваленко (Kovalenko) Наталья (Natal'ya) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Ахрамович (Ahramovich) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Игоревна (Igorevna) , Супиченко (Supichenko) Галина (Galina) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Сачивко (Sachivko) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Босак (Bosak) Виктор (Viktor) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) 
Published: March 2019

The steam distillation method was used to obtain samples of essential oil of plants of three varieties Hyssopus officinalis L., cultivated in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. More than 20 components were identified and determined in the essential oils of plants of the varieties Lazurit, Rozotsvetkovy, Zaveya by gas-liquid chromatography. It has been established that the studied varieties of Hyssopus officinalis belong to the pinocamphone chemotype. The main components are pinocamphone (67.6–76.0%), β-pinene, eugenol, limonene, camphene, sabinene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, α-pinene, γ-terpinene and pinocampheol. The distribution of the enantiomers of a-and b-pinenes, camphene, limonene and linalool was established in the studied samples.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and optical isomers of pure β-pinene was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella alony, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium sp., Escherichia coli Hfr H, Pseudomonas aeruosa by disc method.
It is shown that (+)-β-pinene showed higher antibacterial activity to (-)-β-pinene. The increased content of (+)-β-pinene in the varieties of Hyssopus officinalis with pink (Rosacea variety) and white (Zaveya variety) aureoles of flowers caused a higher antibacterial activity of their essential oils against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING IR-SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A VARIETY OF SEA BUCKTHORN FRUIT (НIPPOPHAES RHAMNOIDES L.)
Authors: Тринеева (Trineeva) Ольга (Ol'ga) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) , Рудая (Rudaya) Маргарита (Margarita) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Сафонова (Safonova) Елена (Elena) Федоровна (Fedorovna) , Сливкин (Slivkin) Алексей (Aleksey) Иванович (Ivanovich) 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to study the feasibility of using IR spectroscopy (IRS) to identify the fruit of sea buckthorn and buckthorn varieties. Fourier species of sea-buckthorn of buckthorn species studied were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy of disturbed total internal reflection (FTIR). IR spectra of sea buckthorn fruits was characterized by the presence of specific absorption bands: for grades «Gallery», «Вotanical», «Trofimovskaya» and «Krasnokarminovaya» in the range 3009-3006; 1456-1443 and 1379-1375 cm-1; for varieties «Rowan», «Botanical amateur» and «Student» in the range of 1338-1321 cm-1; for varieties «Rowan», «Botanical aromatic» and «Krasnokarminovaya» in the range of 1155-1146 cm-1; for varieties «Rowan» and «Krasnokarminovaya» at 914 cm-1; for varieties «Galerit», «Botanicheskaya» and «Krasnokarminovaya» in the range of 609-592 cm-1; for varieties «Trofimovskaya» and «Krasnokarminovaya» at 814-812 cm-1; for the variety «Rowan» at 424 cm-1 and for the variety «Trofimovskaya» at 771 cm-1. The highest intensity in absorption maxima is characteristic for infrared spectra of the fruits of the varieties «Rowan», «Botanical Amateur», «Botanical Aromatic» and «Student». Identified specific frequency in the spectrum can be regarded as characteristic for a particular grade and use them as markers in determining the authenticity and graded supplies dry fruit of sea buckthorn by IR spectroscopy.
The formation of hydrogen bonds and their characteristics (size and energy) between molecules of biologically active substances (BAS) in the LRS studied are established. The revealed intermolecular hydrogen bonds belong to the type of strong bonds, since their energy exceeds 5 kcal/mol, and the length is about 2.7 Ǻ. Polyphenolic BAS in fruits, according to the IRS, form polyassociates with characteristic absorption frequencies at 3400-3200 cm-1.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BY-PRODUCTS OF CONIFEROUS RAW MATERIALS PROCESSING
Authors: Хуршкайнен (Hurshkainen) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Терентьев (Terentyev) Владимир (Vladimir) Иванович (Ivanovich) , Скрипова (Skripova) Наталья (Natal'ya) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Никонова (Nikonova) Наталья (Natal'ya) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Королева (Korolyova) Алла (Alla) Альбертовна (Al'bertovna) 
Published: March 2019

Development of natural biological products – an actual problem of rational and economical use of wood bioresources with which Russia is rich. The coniferous raw material is a source of biologically active extractive compounds possessing immunostimulating, fungicidal, bactericidal activity.
Company «Ecovit» makes food and cosmetic production from Pinus Silvestris L., Abies sibirica and Pinus sibirica R. Maur wood greenery. This paper presents results of research of a chemical composition of the by-products formed in coniferous essential oils processing: residue after distillation and florentine water. The extraction of these products is carried out by petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl-acetate consistently and quantitative maintenance of extractive compounds is certain. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of macro- and micro-elements in investigated samples is lead.
Chemical structure of extractive compounds is characterized with use of physicochemical meth-ods. In residue after distillation of Abies and Pinus wood greenery carotenoids, natural phenolic com-pounds, carboxylic acids are identified. Ethanol extracts of the fulfilled pine and cedar raw material contain sesqui- and diterpenes, polyprenols, carotenoids, fat acids and phenolic compounds. In Abies ethanol extracts maltol and triterpenoids are identified. The basic components of pine florentine water are monoterpenoids.
The received results cause practical application of by-products of coniferous raw material processing for obtaining of biologically active additives, preparations for agriculture, pharmacology, perfumer-cosmetic production.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF PINE BUDS (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.), GROWING IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF TOMSK REGION
Authors: Коломиец (Kolomiets) Наталья (Natal'ya) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna) , Абрамец (Abramets) Наталья (Natal'ya) Юрьевна (Yur'evna) , Бондарчук (Bondarchuk) Руслан (Ruslan) Анатольевич (Anatol'evich) , Шириеторова (Shirietorova) Валентина (Valentina) Германовна (Germanovna) , Тыхеев (Tyheev) Жаргал (Zhargal) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Агеева (Ageeva) Людмила (Lyudmila) Дмитриевна (Dmitrievna) 
Published: March 2019

The component composition of pine buds essential oil, growing in the area of active economic activity in Tomsk region, has been studied. Essential oil from pine buds obtained by the method of distillation with the water steam.
The component composition of the essential oil was studied by gas-liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry on the gas chromatograph Agilent 6890 with quadrupole mass spectrometer (HP MSD 5973N). Chromatography conditions: 30-meter long quartz column HP-5MS with internal diameter 0.25 mm, film thickness of 0.25 µm (copolymer 5% diphenyl 95% dimethylsiloxane), carrier gas – helium (constant flow 1 ml/min), column temperature – 50 °С (2 min isotherm), 50–200 °С (40 °C, min), 200–280 °С (20 °С/min), 280 °С (5 min isotherm), the temperature of the ion source 170 °С, the interface between the gas chromatograph and mass selective detector 280 °С. The energy of ionizing electrons is 70 eV. The volume of injected sample of 1 µl. The component composition was determined by comparing the times and linear retention indices, mass spectra values, the database of the chromatographic-mass spectrometric library of volatile substances of plant origin. About 163 individual components were found. It is established that with the increase of technogenic pollution, the amount of essential oil decreases, the component composition changes, which can serve as an indicator of the quality of raw materials, the state of the forest stand of pine and the environment as a whole.
Data on the dominant content of 3-caren in the composition of essential oils of the pine buds, growing in the Tomsk region, suggests a limited use of this raw material and essential oil on its basis in medical practice.
Bakteri Endofit asal Tanaman Tembakau sebagai Agens Pengendali Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Mursyalatiyus Isnainy dinul , Munif Abdul , Nawangsih Abdjad Asih 
Published: March 2019

Endophytic Bacteria from Tobacco Plant as Biocontrol Agent of Meloidogyne spp.Soilborne disease on tobacco plants caused by fungal and bacterial infection in association with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) may cause significant yield loss. Endophytic bacteria have been recognized as biological control agent for Meloidogyne spp. as well as plant promoting growth agent. Research was conducted to evaluate endophytic bacteria isolated from tobacco plants as biological control agent for Meloidogyne spp. infecting tobacco. A total of 215 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from root of two tobacco varieties, Kemloko and Prancak 95. Biosafety screening showed that 80 isolates (37%) and 7 isolates (8%) gave negative reaction on hypersensitivity test and hemolysis test, respectively. Seven isolates i.e. TPT3.10, TPT2.1, TK3n8, TK2t21, TK2n8, TK3n1 and TK2t11 were able to promote plant growth and increase the mortality of juvenile Meloidogyne spp. Physiological characterization of endophytic bacteria showed that most of the isolates were able to produce protease enzyme, phosphate, nitrogen and HCN. The same isolates were also able to suppress the number of galls from 80.09% up to 93.82%. Two isolates, TPT3.10 and TK2n8, are considered having the best suppression on root gall formation.
Actuarial Modeling and Analysis of the Hong Kong Life Annuity Scheme
Authors: Kwong Koon-Shing , Chan Wai-Sum , Siu-Hang Li Johnny 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation (HKMC) Limited, which was established in March 1997 and is wholly owned by the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, has a major mission to develop and provide different financial retirement instruments to Hong Kong residents to help address the income poverty of retirees. In June 2017, HKMC Annuity Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the HKMC was incorporated to implement a new life annuity scheme which would be launched by mid-2018 to cater for the needs of cash-rich Hong Kong old age residents. The objective of the scheme is to provide an additional financial retirement planning option with minimum credit risk and a certain level of liquidity to the elderly by turning lump-sum premiums into lifetime streams of monthly income at a reasonable and stable return rate. In this paper, we establish an actuarial framework to model this life annuity scheme. The framework enables us to estimate the monthly annuity payments one might receive for a certain amount of investment. It also allows us to analyze the risk entailed in the product, thus shedding light on how the underlying risk can be managed through product design. Our findings will help potential subscribers to understand the scheme and decide whether this scheme should be included in their retirement investment portfolios when it is launched in 2018.
Change analysis on evolving PLC software in automated production systems
Authors: Schlie Alexander , Bougouffa Safa , Fischer Juliane , Schaefer Ina , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Control software for automated Production Systems (aPSs) becomes increasingly complex. Respective systems undergo constant evolution. Yet, proper documentation may not always be present, entailing maintenance issues in the long run. While manual examination of software for aPSs is an error-prone task, static analysis can improve system quality. However, it has not been applied to describe software evolution by means of changed systems artifacts. The authors address this issue and perform change analyses on IEC61131-3 projects, identifying introduced and removed systems artifacts as well as existing ones affected. By that, the authors aim to support sustainable evolution. Two feasibility studies, implemented independently, but for the same evolution scenarios for an automation plant, are used for evaluation. The technique is shown to be efficient and highly precise.
A 20-year update on the state of seaweed resources in Italy
Authors: Petrocelli Antonella , Cecere Ester 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article presents an update of the situation regarding the seaweed resources of Italy 20 years after the first assessment. A search for companies working with seaweed in Italy was conducted. In addition, the literature published over the last 20 years on seaweed biodiversity, alien species, harvests, industrial processing and biomass use was carefully examined and the results are discussed. There are a great many floristic studies, tackling both indigenous and non-indigenous species, although some geographical areas are less studied than others. The number of studies of the use of biomass has increased in the last decade. However, it is apparent that despite the considerable know-how concerning seaweed species, their properties and potential applications, Italy is still behind in seaweed exploitation compared to other countries.
Dicisigns and cognition: The logical interpretation of the ventral-dorsal split in animal perception
Authors: Stjernfelt Frederik 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper is a critical investigation of the linguist James Hurford's bold proposal that animal cognition conforms to basic logical structure – particularly striking in the ventral-dorsal split of visual perception. The overall argument is that dorsal processing of visual information isolates the subject of a simple, perceptual proposition, while ventral processing addresses the corresponding predicate aspect – the two indicating and categorizing the object of perception, respectively. The paper investigates some of the problems in Hurford's interpretation – particularly his refusal of animal proto-language to have anything corresponding to constants or proper names and his idea that all such propositions must be monovalent only (and thus not addressing relations). As an alternative to Hurford's psychological interpretation of Frege for his logical basis, Peirce's theory of propositions – so-called “Dicisigns” – is proposed.
Encounters with the Other: Orientalism and Religious Feeling of a Madeiran Pilgrim, Maria Celina Câmara (1899)
Authors: de Castro Fernanda , Baptista Maria Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes the travel journal of Madeiran author Maria Celina de Sauvayre da Câmara, De Nápoles a Jerusalém [From Naples to Jerusalem],3 dated 1899, from a Cultural Studies perspective. The present study focuses on pilgrimage, a physical and spiritual journey, as a ritualistic and mystical performance which, by means of staging and writing, composes a practice that allows physical and spiritual deterritorialization and reterritorialisation and the negotiation, through the sacred and through religion, of tolerances, concessions and availabilities of the subject regarding the acceptance of the Other’s religious difference, giving rise to new senses. The treatment of pilgrimage as a means of promoting contact with the Other(s), leading to deep processes of self and hetero-knowledge linked to rituals that contemplate sacred and profane space(s) and time(s) and binomial or culturally constructed representations, wherein discourses of power emerge, is inextricable in this discussion. The travel journal is a testimony to the articulations between sacred and profane and a mechanism perpetuating hegemonic and orientalist discourses derived from intrinsic relations and practices of power in the sociocultural context of individuals. We envisage pilgrimage as a transforming practice and a means of (re-)cognition and (re)construction of the Self/Other, through a personal and sacred/profane cartography promoted by writing and exalting the feeling of religious community.