bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accessing dark states optically through excitationferrying states
Authors: Kais Sabre , Hu Zixuan , Engel Gregory S. 
Published: June 2019

The efficiency of solar energy harvesting systems is largely determined by their ability to transfer excitations from the antenna to the energy trapping center before recombination. Dark state protection, achieved by coherent coupling between subunits in the antenna structure, can significantly reduce radiative recombination and enhance the efficiency of energy trapping. Because the dark states cannot be populated by optical transitions from the ground state, they are usually accessed through phononic relaxation from the bright states. In this study, we explore a novel way of connecting the dark states and the bright states via optical transitions. In a ring-like chromophore system inspired by natural photosynthetic antennae, the single-excitation bright state can be optically connected to the lowest energy single-excitation dark state through certain double-excitation states. We call such double-excitation states the ferry states and show that they are the result of accidental degeneracy between two categories of double-excitation states. We then mathematically prove that the ferry states are only available when N, the number of subunits on the ring, satisfies (N = 4l+2, l being an integer). Numerical calculations confirm that the ferry states enhance the energy transfer power of our model, showing a significant energy transfer power spike at N = 6 compared with smaller N values, even without phononic relaxation. The proposed mathematical theory for the ferry states is not restricted to this one particular system or numerical model. In fact, it is potentially applicable to any coherent optical system that adopts a ring-shaped chromophore arrangement. Beyond the ideal case, the ferry state mechanism also demonstrates robustness under weak phononic dissipation, weak site energy disorder, and large coupling strength disorder.
Effect of C1q Tumor Necrosis FactorRelated Protein 11 Ctrp11 On Macrophages
Authors: Bettahi Ilham 
Published: June 2019

Bettahi I1-2, Ramanjaneya M1-2, Jerobin J1-2, Sivaraman SK1, Rasha Alsiddig3, Mohammad RM4, Skarulis MC1-2 and Abou-Samra AB2-3. 1Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, 2Department of Medicine, 3Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 4Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University. Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, increasing the risk of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, recognized as the metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin paralogs designate as C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRPs) have recently emerged as key regulators of metabolism and is a core component in the interrelationship between insulin resistance, adiposity, and inflammation. CTRP-11 functions as an adipose stroma-derived regulator of adipogenesis. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to characterize the anti-inflammatory potential of the CTRP-11. Methods: Cell lines differentiation: Human THP1 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 supplement with 10%FBS. Cells were seeded in 24 well and stimulated with PMA for 48 hours to differentiate them to macrophages and rested for 24 hrs. For all stimulation experiments, cells were grown for overnight in serum-free media. Cells were then treated with CTRP11 for 24 hours and then re-stimulated with LPS for 6 hrs. Cells were collected for RNA extraction and genes expression using Real-Time PCR. FACS analysis: After differentiation and incubation with LPS and LPS/CTRP11, Cells were stained with human anti-CD206 and anti-CD163. Following incubation, cells were washed, and fluorescence compared to unstained. All data were analyzed using FlowJo software. Results: Our preliminary data provide that CTRP11 decreased both IL-6, TNF-α and NF-kb expression of mRNA level in THP-1 macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p < 0.005), compared to (LPS) alone. THP-1 macrophages showed and increased in M2 polarization marker CD206 and CD163 after incubation with LPS/CTRP compared to LPS alone. Conclusion: Future studies are in progress to further assess the effects of adiponectin paralogs (CTRP11) on cytokine excretion by ELISA on Human macrophages M1 and M2. Abbreviation: LPS: lipopolysaccharide; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
Effects Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus On Hematopoietic Stem cell quality and IL6 Amount
Authors: Elhusseini Tamer 
Published: June 2019

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy (1), Maternal glucose and lipid metabolism changes substantially during normal pregnancy, In women with GDM, fasting insulin and fasting glucose concentrations are elevated. Also, women with GDM have a lower insulin sensitivity compared to controls and the difference is most evident before and during early pregnancy (2). Gestational diabetes mellitus has proven it»s effects on many variables of pregnancy and so it»s effect on umbilical cord blood (UCB), which is increasingly used as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for bone marrow transplantation and other therapeutic uses, And for successful outcomes of cord blood transplantation certain criteria are used in UCB banks include the TNC count, percentage of CD34, CFU and the volume of blood (3) As many variables that may affect the quality of hematopoietic stem cells are still under study and research, And gestational diabetes mellitus is a disease expected to increase by 20 fold, AS regard it»s effect on hematopoietic stem cell and IL6 it»s found that «The proportion of CD34+ CD45 HSPCs among the nucleated cells was significantly higher in the cord blood samples of neonates born to mothers with GDM compared to neonates born to non-diabetic mothers.»(4) Also, it»s found that IL-6 concentrations are increased in women with current GDM (2). Another study reported that: the CD16+CD56 − NK cells was increased, while IL-2 was lower in maternal blood with GDM. The placental extravillous layer of the gestational diabetic mothers showed high levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN- and low levels of IL-1 and IL8, whereas the placental villous layer contained high levels of IL-17 and IFN(5). In this study we provide atrial for knowing whether the cord blood unit of gestational diabetic mother fulfilling the appropiate criteria for banking, As in previous studies all what had discovered is minimal non concolusive data about whether GDM unit fulfilling the normal criteria for banking or not.
The Effect of Protein Supplementation on Body Muscle Mass and Fat Mass in Qataris PostBariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial RCT
Authors: Hanna Fahad , Al-Shamari Sahar Dahawi , ElSherif MOHAMED Aly , Wahid Wahiba 
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives: Obesity is a chronic medical condition characterized by an accumulation of excess fat in the body that may lead to negative health consequences. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be the most effective type of interventions to achieve and sustain significant weight loss in morbidly obese people. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of protein supplementation in reducing the risk of developing protein malnutrition and low muscle mass, in post-bariatric patients in Qatar. Methodology: This study is a double-blinded randomized control trial. Recruitment of participants began in early 2017 following the ethical approval of the trial (HMC IRB approval no. 16433/16). The intervention group received protein supplement that contain 20 g of protein while the placebo group received zero protein supplement. All participants were followed up for 1 month post-surgery. Randomization was done on a weekly basis within blocks of 8 or 10 patients. Independent Sample-T Test and Paired Sample-T Test were performed to assess the effect of the intervention. Results: The mean weight loss in the control group was 9.6 kg, while the intervention group mean weight loss was 10.7 kg (p = 0.03). Change in muscle mass percentage was +0.50% in the placebo group, and +2.3% in the intervention group (P = 0.149). Fat percentage change in the placebo group was − 1.6% and − 2.6% in the intervention group (P = 0.153). The percentage change in Albumin in the placebo group was 2.76% and 9.71% in the intervention group (P = 0.031). Conclusion: Our study has confirmed findings from multiple studies that protein supplementation in post-bariatric surgery patients is a successful intervention for healthy and balanced weight loss. This is yet another endorsement that surgery alone cannot put an end to obesity and must be combined with well-structured nutritional education so patients do not go back to their old habits and put the weight back on.
The efficacy of Dapagliozin as a novel oral antihyperglycemic drug in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Al Adawi Rana Moustafa 
Published: June 2019

Background and Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent disease affecting millions of patients worldwide. The search for new antidiabetic drugs with innovative mechanisms continues. Dapagliflozin is a second agent in a new class of oral antihyperglycemic drugs; the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Materials and Method: Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of new oral antihyperglycemic drug Dapagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 DM as monotherapy or combination with other hypoglycemic agents. All patients treated with Dapagliflozin in HGH since its introduction as nonformulary medication on 1st April 2013 until 30th April 2015 were included. Data regarding prescribed drugs were obtained from the pharmacy computerized system. Demographic information and laboratory results of patients were obtained from the patient»s electronic system (CERNER). Results: 81 patients were identified to receive Dapagliflazone during the study period, 71 % of them were males, 100 % were Qataries with mean age 57 ± 9 and mean A1c baseline 9 ± 1.4Dapagliflozin as add-on therapy was found to decrease A1c significantly after 6 months by − 0.8 (P = 0.006) and after 12 months by − 1.5 (P = 0.062) The fasting blood was significantly reduced at 6 months and 9 months (P = 0.001, P = 0.03 respectively) There was no significant association between different coadministered antidiabetic medication and reduction in A1c or FBG Conclusion: Dapagliflozin significantly reduced HbA1c level of type 2 diabetic patients in combination of other OHA or insulin within 6 to 12 months of treatment References: 1. Komoroski B, Vachharajani N, Feng Y, Li L, Kornhauser D, Pfister M. Dapagliflozin, a novel, selective SGLT2 inhibitor, improved glycemic control over 2 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 85(5), 513–519 (2009) 2. Rosenstock J, Vico M, Wei L, Salsali A, List JF. Effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on HbA1c, body weight, and hypoglycemia risk in patients with type2 diabetes inadequately controlled on pioglitazone monotherapy. Diabetes Care 35, 1473–1478 (2012).
Utilization of Date Pits in the Production of Functional Chocolates
Authors: Zamzam Syed , Nafiea Eisha Rajab , Al-hadhromi Huda Ahmed , Ali Fida Anamangadan 
Published: June 2019

Background: World production of dates was almost 9 million tons by 2010, with almost 960 thousand tons of date pits being discarded. This huge amount of waste has shown to be a rich source of carbohydrate, fiber, protein, fat, antioxidant, phenolic, and minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Not only is it an excellent source of nutrients, but has also shown to have health benefits such as reducing the side effects of certain therapeutic drugs, and otherfunctional uses, like used as a coffee substitute for a caffeine free drink. Like date pits, chocolate is a natural functional food which has shown to have a favorable effect on human health especially on the cardiovascular disease and it is one of the most consumed food among all age groups.Objectives: The main objective of this study is utilize date pits as an additive to chocolate and produce improved functional food product and evaluate its sensory features.Method: Commercial date pit powder, dark chocolate, and milk chocolate was purchased from local Qatari markets. The commercial powder was further grinded using a regular household blender and sieved into 300 and 150 μm using electronic sieve. The developed products had varying percentage of date pit powder: chocolate ratio (1:9, 3:7, 5:5 and 7:3). The chocolate products cross-section was observed under microscope, sensory analysis for 8 attributes and thenutrient content for each product was done using USDA food composition tables and food label of the commercial date pits purchased from Deyma.Results: Dark and milk chocolate with 150 μm date pits, (1:9) ratio had the highest homogeneity under the microscope. The quality test for functional chocolates of 1:9 and 3:7 ratio made with 150 μm rated as very good but 5:5 and 7:3 required lots of improvement. Sensory evaluation and hedonic test showed that dark chocolates made with 150 μm date pits was the most liked products. Finally, the calories and the fat content decreased as the date pits concentration increased.
Prevalence of Impaired fasting glucose in Qatari women between aged of 18 to 40 years old from the Qatari Bio Bank
Authors: Dakroury Youssra , Elshewehy Abeer , Dargham Soha , Kilpatrick Eric , Ahmed Lina , Atkin Stephen 
Published: June 2019

Background Impaired fasting glucose (IFG), prediabetes, has a conversion to diabetes of 10% yearly, contributing to the prevalence of diabetes of 16.7% in Qatar. This high prevalence of diabetes will translate into serious vascular complications with considerable individual early mortality.Methods The Qatar Biobank is an ambitious national project that is collecting the demographic and biological data on an unselected Qatari population that currently has data from 1100 women aged 18-84 years. Data extraction of all women between the aged 18 to 40 years (inclusive) was undertaken by the Qatar Bio bank that identified 750 women in total. The number of women with and without impaired fasting glucose (IFG: plasma glucose 5.5-6.9 mmol/l; ADA diagnostic criteria) was determined and their demographic details compared. Bio statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS. Results The prevalence of IFG was found to be 8.3% (62/750 women). Patients with IFG had a higher cardiovascular risk profile with a higher waist hip ratio (P < 0.01), lower HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), higher insulin levels (( < 0.01), higher pulse wave velocity (a marker of arterial stiffness, p < 0.01), higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01 and p < 0.03, respectively). C reactive protein, a marker of inflammation was also elevated (p < 0.04).Conclusion Whilst this is a small cohort, 8.3% of women had a ADA diagnosis of IFG with an adverse cardiovascular risk parameter profile. This study highlights that there is a need for early screening for IFG and intervention for the prevention of diabetes in young Qatari women below the age of 40. Acknowledgments We are grateful to the Qatar Foundation and the Qatar Biobank for their support and assistance.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Qatari women aged between 18 to 40 from Qatar Biobank
Authors: Elshewehy Abeer , Dargham Soha 
Published: June 2019

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Qatari women aged between 18 to 40 from Qatar Biobank. 1Abeer Elshewehy, 1Soha Dargham, 2Eric Kilpatrick, 1Lina Ahmed, 1Youssra Dakroury, 1Stephen L Atkin 1Weill Cornell Medicine- Qatar, 2 Sidra Medical and Research Center Background: The Qatar STEPwise surveillance reported that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes amongst Qatar nationals was 16.7% in 2012. This high prevalence of diabetes will translate into significant morbidity and mortality through diabetes complications. Methods: Qatar Biobank extracted data from all women between 18 to 40 years (inclusive), 749 women in total. Women with (Group A: HbA1c ≥ 6.5%; n = 12/708; 1.7%) and without (Group B; HbA1c ≤ 5.6%; 608/708; 85.9%) type 2 diabetes were identified and their demographic details compared. Prediabetes was found in 88/708 women (HbA1c 5.6-6.4%; 11.7%). Biostatistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS. Results: Group A (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) had worse Framingham Risk Score (2%) than Group B (HbA1c ≤ 5.6 %) ( < 1%). All results are reported as mean value Group A versus Group B. Conclusion: In this small young cohort, 1.7% of women had a WHO diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and 11.7% with prediabtes. Diabetes is perceived to be a disease of the middle aged and older individuals, but this study shows that there is a need for early screening and intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in young Qatari women below the age of 40. Limitation of the study: Small number of participants and that latent type 1 diabetes could not be excluded that may have affected the overall prevalence, though this was expected to have a minimal impact. Acknowledgments: We are grateful to the Qatar Foundation and the Qatar Biobank for their support and assistance, and for Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core at Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar
Management of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers at Primary Care Level in Qatar :An Alternative Paradigm in Wound Healing
Authors: Mohamed Hashim 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic Diabetic footulcers (CDFU) are associated with increased morbidity, mortality especially indeveloping countries. This cohort study assess the efficacy (CDFU)management at primary care & identifypredictive criteria of failure. METHODS: We conducted a 5-year retrospective cohort study withprospective long-term follow-up of all patients with (CDFU) who presented to Umgwalinah Health Centre, Doha, Qatar. Average follow-up was 1 year. Failure of healing of (CDFU) was themain outcome measure.Independent predictor variables were selected by logisticregression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients with diabetes were managed forvarious foot lesions as follows. Five patients (4%) of 126 underwent immediate amputation. Primary care led approach was successful for 91(92.86%) of 98 neuropathic ulcers, 3(30%) of 10 neuro-ischemic ulcer, 2(66%) of 3 Charcot foot ulceration, 4(100%) of 4 patients with second degree burns & 6(100%) of 6 traumatic foot ulceration or (P&lt;.001,chi2 for trend).Independent factors predictive of failure to heal were presence of osteomyelitis(odds ratio [OR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.3), increased Hemoglobin A1C level (OR = 1.002; 95% CI, 1.2-1.3), severe peripheral vascular disease(OR = 1.0, 95% CI,1.0-1.03),prior hospitalization for(CDFU) (OR = 1.4; 95%CI, 1.2-1.6) & gangrenous lesion(OR = 1.7; 95% CI,1.3-2.1). No side effects were reported and there was a high level of satisfaction (patients and staff). CONCLUSIONS: Primary care based management of (CDFU) is efficacious, safeand acceptable. These findings may lead to a substantial reduction in the costof (CDFU) in the third world. Future comparative studies utilizing randomized controlled trials must be conducted in order to accurately assess the efficacy of primary care in managing (CDFU).
Antidiabetic and Toxicological studies of ethylacetate and nhexane fractions of Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Hamzah Rabiat Unekwu 
Published: June 2019

Gymnema sylvestre is a medicinal plant that is used in the folkloric treatment of diabetes mellitus and the management of its complications. This study was aimed at evaluation of antidiabetic and toxicological effects of ethylacetate and n-hexane fractions of Gymnema sylvestre whole plant. Diabetes was induced in Swiss albino rats by single intraperitoneal administration of 110 mg/kg bodyweight of alloxan monohydrate. Rats in their respective groups were orally administered 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg bodyweight of ethylacetate and n-hexane fractions of the plant daily while the standard drug group received 100 mg/kg bodyweight of metformin. The treatment lasted for fourteen days and on the fifteenth day, animals were anaesthetized and euthanized. Blood samples were collected by carotid puncture for biochemical analysis. In the subchronic toxicological aspect of the study, rats in their respective groups were administered 100, 300, 600 mg/kg bodyweight of the extracts daily for twenty one days and the experiment was terminated on the twenty second day. All the extracts were able to reduce the blood glucose of diabetic rats with 300 mg/kg bodyweight of ethylacetate fraction having higher reduction at 82%. All diabetic rats showed decrease in bodyweight when compared with normoglycemic group. There was significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in the total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein and a concomitant increase in the values of high density lipoprotein in all treated groups when compared with diabetic untreated (negative control). The activity of serum liver enzymes (?- glutamine transpeptidase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin significantly decreased (p&lt;0.05) compared with the diabetic untreated group. Levels of total protein in the treated groups did not differ from the normoglycemic group, while there was a reduction in the concentration of albumin of ethylacetate fraction in a dose dependent manner. All treated groups gave urea and creatinine values that showed no significance differences (p&gt;0.05) with the normoglycemic group. The electrolytes showed significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in all treated groups when compared with the normoglycemic group. There was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in all the biochemical parameters carried out on the subchronic toxicity test with rats administered ethylacetate and n-hexane fractions of G. sylvestre. The hematological parameters (red blood cell, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, hemoglobin) showed no significant difference but a non significant difference in the white blood cell of rats administered with the extract. Therefore, extracts of G. sylvestre might be useful for management of diabetes mellitus and other abnormalities associated with this metabolic disorder
Bullying among high school students and their relationship with diligence at school Field study on a sample of secondary school students in Algeria
Authors: Fekih Laid 
Published: June 2019

The present research aims to estimate and compare the prevalence of bullying among high school students, and their relationship with diligence at school. To achieve the purpose of this research was chosen intended sample selected from high school containing 900 students in Tlemcen –Algeria-, including 406 boys and 496 girls aged between 15 and 17 years old, were sampled on the random basis. Data collection tools were an (School Health Promotion: School efficiency and Bullying). The results indicated that the prevalence of bullying inside schools within the limits of 10% and 16%. The boy's students in high schools are more violent than girls. The forms of bullying widespread among students are psychological forms as name-calling, humiliation or offensive teasing and being ignored or excluded from a circle of friends. In addition, bullying is related negatively to diligent at school (r = − 0.43, p < 0.001). Students who were bullied become less efficient, they get low marks, have difficulties in concentration and attention, do not participate in school activities, and absent from school. Based on the findings, the study will proposed some recommendation and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of bullying among high school students the importance of a program based on education to develop diligent at school and the wellbeing of students.