bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interface affinity on the performance of a composite of microcrystalline cellulose and polypropylene/polylactide blends
Authors: Lee Ji Su , Ryu Yeon Sung , Kim Ick‐Soo , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effects of compatibilizer and fillers on the mechanical properties and dispersion state of droplets of polypropylene (PP)/polylactide (PLA) blends were investigated. Two blended composite systems, i.e. PP‐rich (80/20) containing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) modified with silane (m‐MCC) and PLA‐rich (20/80) containing MCC were prepared by melt compounding using a twin‐screw extruder. The structural differences between MCC and m‐MCC were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectra. Universal testing machine results revealed that the tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with the addition of compatibilizer and filler, respectively. These results were supported by the reduction of domain size observed by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis showed a change of the melting and crystallization behavior of blends according to the presence of compatibilizer or filler. An increase of the dynamic storage modulus and a decrease in tan δ with addition of compatibilizer indicated that the interfacial adhesion between PP and PLA improved. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Real‐time whole‐plant dynamics of heavy metal transport inArabidopsis halleriandArabidopsis thalianaby gamma‐ray imaging
Authors: Kajala Kaisa , Walker Katherine L. , Mitchell Gregory S. , Krämer Ute , Cherry Simon R. , Brady Siobhan M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeavy metals such as zinc are essential for plant growth, but toxic at high concentrations. Despite our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal uptake by plants, experimentally addressing the real‐time whole‐plant dynamics of heavy metal uptake and partitioning has remained a challenge. To overcome this, we applied a high sensitivity gamma‐ray imaging system to image uptake and transport of radioactive65Zn in whole‐plant assays ofArabidopsis thalianaand the Zn hyperaccumulatorArabidopsis halleri. We show that our system can be used to quantitatively image and measure uptake and root‐to‐shoot translocation dynamics of zinc in real time. In the metal hyperaccumulatorArabidopsis halleri,65Zn uptake and transport from its growth media to the shoot occurs rapidly and on time scales similar to those reported in rice. In transgenicA. halleriplants in which expression of the zinc transporter geneHMA4is suppressed byRNAi,65Zn uptake is completely abolished.
Versatile light‐responsive organogels: Evaluation of their dye releasing and photoinitiation behaviors
Authors: Dashan Irem , Elverici Melisa , Balta Demet Karaca , Temel Binnur Aydogan , Temel Gokhan 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTLight‐responsive crosslinked structures were prepared by a straightforward quaternization strategy using chloride functional polystyrene copolymers and commercially available Michler's ketone with varying feed ratios. Resulting organogels demonstrated excellent solvent absorption and their swelling characteristics were altered by UV‐light irradiation. According to scanning electron microscope images, UV‐illuminated samples showed an obvious photodecomposition, which enhanced their solvent uptake capacity with increase of UV exposure. Additionally, release behavior of eosin Y as a model compound was determined by UV–vis and fluorescence spectrometers. Achieved photoactive gels were also employed as the reusable heterogeneous initiators for photoinduced free‐radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1275–1282
A physicians survey assessing management of pulmonary airway involvement in sickle cell disease
Authors: Agrawal Sabhyata , Burton William B. , Manwani Deepa , Rastogi Deepa , De Aliva 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAirway involvement in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) involves recurrent episodes of acute chest syndrome (ACS), co‐existent asthma, lower airway obstruction (LAO), or airway hyper‐responsiveness/ bronchodilator response (AHR/BDR). With increased recognition that sickle cell (SC) airway inflammation may be distinct from asthma, our aim was to study regional and individual practices among pediatric pulmonologists and elucidate the patient characteristics that determine the diagnosis of asthma or SC airway inflammation.MethodsA cross‐sectional web‐based survey including 6 case scenarios on diagnosis and management of pulmonary manifestations of pediatric SC airway disease was conducted. The case scenarios, combined different risk factors for airway inflammation: history of recurrent ACS, atopy, family history of asthma, LAO, or AHR/BDR, with possible responses including − diagnosis of asthma, SC airway inflammation, both or neither.ResultsOf the 130 responses, 83 were complete. “Asthma” was diagnosed when LAO (OR, 7.96 [4.28, 14.79]; p < 0.001), family history of asthma (OR 18.88 [5.87, 60.7]; p < 0.001), and atopy (OR 3.19 [1.74, 5.8]; p < 0.001) were present. “SC airway inflammation” was diagnosed when ACS (OR 3.95 [2.08, 7.51]; p < 0.001), and restrictive pattern on PFT (OR 3.75 [2.3, 6.09]; p < 0.001) were present in the scenarios. Regardless of the diagnosis, there was a high likelihood of initiating or stepping up inhaled corticosteroid as compared to prescribing montelukast.ConclusionThere is variability in the diagnosis and management of SC airway inflammation among pediatric pulmonologists. This study highlights the need for consensus guidelines to improve management of SC airway inflammation.
Rapid early increase in BMI is associated with impaired longitudinal growth in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Hak Sarah F. , Arets Hubertus G.M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , van der Kamp Hetty J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess whether final height in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is affected by body mass index (BMI), BMI increase, pulmonary function, and cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes (CFRD).Study designA longitudinal, retrospective study was performed in a cohort of 57 patients with CF (30 boys, 27 girls) born between 1997 and 2001. Height and weight were recorded annually from ages 0.5 to 10 years and biannually up to the age of 18. Measurements were converted to height‐for‐age‐adjusted‐for‐target‐height (HFA‐TH) and BMI‐for‐age z‐scores. Analyses were performed using the independent t tests and the Pearson's correlation.ResultsFor both boys and girls, HFA‐TH and BMI‐for‐age z‐scores were significantly lower in the first year of life, these scores increased rapidly until the age of 11 and 8 years, respectively. In boys, HFA‐TH z‐scores declined during puberty, with subsequently significantly impaired final height (z‐score, −0.56, n = 30, standard deviation [SD] = 0.81, P = 0.001). In girls, HFA‐TH z‐scores briefly declined after the age of 8 years, but then increased to a z‐score of −0.21 (n = 27, SD = 0.87) at age 18, which is not significantly lower than the national average (P = 0.22). Pulmonary function and the presence of CFRD were not associated with final height. However, rapid BMI increase between ages 1 and 6 was negatively associated with final height in boys (n = 29, r =−0.420; P = 0.023) and girls (n = 25, r =−0.466; P = 0.019).ConclusionsIn boys and girls, early BMI increase was associated with impaired final height. We suggest that early childhood serves as a “window” in which nutritional variations may program subsequent growth. Further refinement of nutritional strategies could be needed.
The role of hip abductor strength on the frontal plane of gait in subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Selistre Luiz Fernando Approbato , Gonçalves Glaucia Helena , Nakagawa Theresa Helissa , Petrella Marina , Jones Richard Keith , Mattiello Stela Márcia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship of hip abductor strength with external hip and knee adduction moments, pain and physical function, and trunk, pelvis, and hip kinematics in the frontal plane during walking in subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis.MethodsTwenty‐five subjects with medial knee osteoarthritis were evaluated through an isokinetic strength test for hip abductor, three‐dimensional gait analysis (kinetics and kinematics), and pain and physical function scores. Regression models were used to control the influence of other parameters such as pain, age, gender, severity, walking speed, mass, and height.ResultsNo relationship was found of hip abductor strength with peak of external knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular impulse. Hip abductor strength explained 17% of contralateral pelvic drop and 21% of hip adduction angle. In addition, hip abductor strength explained 4% and 1% of the variance in the WOMAC physical function score and 40‐m fast paced walk test, respectively.ConclusionConsidering the relationship of hip abductor strength with contralateral pelvic drop and hip adduction angle, specific exercises might improve physical function and lower limb dynamic alignment during gait.
Androgen‐responsive lncRNA LINC00304 promotes cell cycle and proliferation via regulating CCNA1
Authors: Zhang Pu , Lu Yali , Kong Zhe , Zhang Yalong , Fu Fangqiu , Su Xinya , Huang Yan , Wan Xuechao , Li Yao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in the development of many diseases. The abnormal expression of lncRNA is closely related to the occurrence and development of different kinds of tumors including prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsDifferentially expressed lncRNA LINC00304 was identified using a publicly available gene expression data set (GSE38241) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were used to predict the molecular function of LINC00304. A lncRNA microarray, bioinformatic analysis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were carried out to verify the upstream androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. Subsequently, the function of LINC00304 was observed by a series of in vitro assays.ResultsWe observed higher expression of LINC00304 in PCa cells and samples compared with normal prostate cells and tissues. Functional analysis of LINC00304 showed it was related to regulating cell cycle process, cellular developmental process, and focal adhesion. Further, we identified androgen‐inhibited lncRNA, LINC00304 as a direct target of AR. A series of functional studies revealed that overexpression of LINC00304 could significantly promote cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in PCa cells. We also find that LINC00304 can significantly promote CCNA1 expression in PCa cells.ConclusionsOur results indicate that LINC00304 may represent a new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for PCa.
Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole from Dithioesters under Mild Condition
Authors: Kemparajegowda  , Swarup Hassan A. , Sandhya Nagarakere C. , Rangappa Shobith , Mantelingu Kempegowda , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn efficient synthetic approach for the construction of 3,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles from dithioesters, hydrazine hydrate and triethyl amine has been developed under transition‐metal free condition. This methodology efficiently constructs 3,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐thiadiazole in good to excellent yields with the advantages of wide functional group tolerance and operational simplicity.
Ultra‐High Ion Selectivity of a Modified Nafion Composite Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery by Incorporation of Phosphotungstic Acid Coupled UiO‐66‐NH2
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Bing , Zhao Lei , Goh Kokswee , Sui Xu–Lei , Meng Ling‐Hui , Wang Zhen‐Bo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn ultra‐high ion‐selective Nafion composite membrane for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) by incorporation of phosphotungstic acid (PWA) coupled UiO‐66‐NH2 was prepared through solution casting. Simple tuning for the filling amount of the nanohybrid composed of PWA and UiO‐66‐NH2 gives the obtained membranes preeminent vanadium barrier property including a minimum vanadium permeability of 3.46 × 10−7 cm2 min−1 and excellent proton transport capability including a maximum proton conductivity of 0.092 S cm−1 at 25 °C. These indicate an ion selectivity of 2.66 × 105 S min cm−3, showing an overwhelming advantage over recast Nafion (0.34 × 105 S min cm−3). As a result, the VRB constructed with the modified membrane exhibits superior battery performance versus recast Nafion at various current densities.
The Role of Temperature and Lipid Charge on Intake/Uptake of Cationic Gold Nanoparticles into Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Lolicato Fabio , Joly Loic , Martinez‐Seara Hector , Fragneto Giovanna , Scoppola Ernesto , Baldelli Bombelli Francesca , Vattulainen Ilpo , Akola Jaakko , Maccarini Marco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms governing nanoparticle–membrane interactions is of prime importance for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Neutron reflectometry (NR) experiments are combined with atomistic and coarse‐grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the interaction between cationic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and model lipid membranes composed of a mixture of zwitterionic di‐stearoyl‐phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and anionic di‐stearoyl‐phosphatidylglycerol (DSPG). MD simulations show that the interaction between AuNPs and a pure DSPC lipid bilayer is modulated by a free energy barrier. This can be overcome by increasing temperature, which promotes an irreversible AuNP incorporation into the lipid bilayer. NR experiments confirm the encapsulation of the AuNPs within the lipid bilayer at temperatures around 55 °C. In contrast, the AuNP adsorption is weak and impaired by heating for a DSPC–DSPG (3:1) lipid bilayer. These results demonstrate that both the lipid charge and the temperature play pivotal roles in AuNP–membrane interactions. Furthermore, NR experiments indicate that the (negative) DSPG lipids are associated with lipid extraction upon AuNP adsorption, which is confirmed by coarse‐grained MD simulations as a lipid‐crawling effect driving further AuNP aggregation. Overall, the obtained detailed molecular view of the interaction mechanisms sheds light on AuNP incorporation and membrane destabilization.
Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next‐Generation Optoelectronics
Authors: Liu Maning , Zhang Haichang , Gedamu Dawit , Fourmont Paul , Rekola Heikki , Hiltunen Arto , Cloutier Sylvain G. , Nechache Riad , Priimagi Arri , Vivo Paola 
Published: April 2019

AbstractColloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) combine the outstanding optoelectronic properties of bulk perovskites with strong quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale. Their facile and low‐cost synthesis, together with superior photoluminescence quantum yields and exceptional optical versatility, make PNCs promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronics. However, this field is still in its early infancy and not yet ready for commercialization due to several open challenges to be addressed, such as toxicity and stability. Here, the key synthesis strategies and the tunable optical properties of PNCs are discussed. The photophysical underpinnings of PNCs, in correlation with recent developments of PNC‐based optoelectronic devices, are especially highlighted. The final goal is to outline a theoretical scaffold for the design of high‐performance devices that can at the same time address the commercialization challenges of PNC‐based technology.
Characterization and engineering of the Lrp/AsnC family regulator SACE_5717 for erythromycin overproduction in Saccharopolyspora erythraea
Authors: Liu Jing , Chen Yunfu , Li Long , Yang Endong , Wang Yansheng , Wu Hang , Zhang Lixin , Wang Weiyun , Zhang Buchang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this work, we found that the Lrp/AsnC family protein SACE_5717 negatively regulated erythromycin biosynthesis in S. erythraea. Disruption of SACE_5717 led to a 27% improvement in the yield of erythromycin in S. erythraea A226. SACE_5717 directly repressed its own gene expression, as well as that of the adjacent gene SACE_5716 by binding to the target sequence 5′-GAACGTTCGCCGTCACGCC-3′. The predicted LysE superfamily protein SACE_5716 directly influenced the export of lysine, histidine, threonine and glycine in S. erythraea. Arginine, tyrosine and tryptophan were characterized as the effectors of SACE_5717 by weakening the binding affinity of SACE_5717. In the industrial S. erythraea WB strain, deletion of SACE_5717 (WBΔSACE_5717) increased erythromycin yield by 20%, and by 36% when SACE_5716 was overexpressed in WBΔSACE_5717 (WBΔSACE_5717/5716). In large-scale 5-L fermentation experiment, erythromycin yield in the engineered strain WBΔSACE_5717/5716 reached 4686 mg/L, a 41% enhancement over 3323 mg/L of the parent WB strain.
Inulin Can Alleviate Metabolism Disorders in ob/ob Mice by Partially Restoring Leptin-Related Pathways Mediated by Gut Microbiota
Authors: Song Xiaofeng , Zhong Liang , Lyu Na , Liu Fei , Li Boxing , Hao Yanan , Xue Yong , Li Jing , Feng Yuqing , Ma Yue , Hu Yongfei , Zhu Baoli 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Inulin has been used as a prebiotic to alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice and humans by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of metabolic disorders by inulin through interactions between the gut microbiota and host cells is unclear. We use ob/ob mice as a model to study the effect of inulin on the cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and its interaction with host cells by transcriptomics. The inulin-supplemented diet improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorder parameters in ob/ob mice, alleviating fat accumulation and glucose intolerance. The α diversity of gut microbial community of ob/ob mice was reduced after inulin treatment, while the β diversity tended to return to the level of wild type mice. Interestingly, Prevotellaceae UCG 001 (family Prevotellaceae) was obviously enriched after inulin treatment. A comparative analysis of the gene expression profile showed that the cecal transcriptome was changed in leptin gene deficiency mice, whereas the inulin-supplemented diet partially reversed the changes in leptin gene-related signaling pathways, especially AMPK signaling pathway, where the levels of gene expression became comparable to those in wild type mice. Further analysis indicated that Prevotellaceae UCG 001 was positively correlated with the AMPK signaling pathway, which was negatively correlated with markers of glycolipid metabolism disorders. Our results suggest that the inulin-supplemented diet alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by partially restoring leptin related pathways mediated by gut microbiota.
A Guide to the Preventive Care of Archaeological Collections
Authors: Meister Nicolette B. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTPreservation knowledge is important for those preparing archaeological collections for curation or requesting access to collections for research. Literature about the fields of archaeological conservation and curation is plentiful, but there are scant resources that offer a basic introduction to the knowledge needed to facilitate preservation of and access to archaeological collections. Much of the literature focuses on conservation in the field and in the lab. Archaeological curation standards and the importance of sustainable management of archaeological collections also are well documented. In contrast, this article serves as an introductory guide to preventive care, specifically to the agents of deterioration and the storage considerations that affect preservation of and access to archaeological collections. Collections specialists who work in museums, government repositories, or historical societies, as well as field archaeologists, academic archaeologists teaching and conducting research on collections, and descendant communities in tribal historic preservation offices and other repositories will find this guide useful as a reference and teaching resource.
Recent Trends in Neurosurgery Career Outcomes in Canada
Authors: Tso Michael K. , Max Findlay J. , Lownie Stephen P. , Chris Wallace M. , Toyota Brian D. , Fleetwood Ian G. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:Background: As with other specialties, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) trainees in Neurosurgery have anecdotally had challenges securing full-time employment. This study presents the employment status, research pursuits, and fellowship choices of neurosurgery trainees in Canadian programs. Methods: RCPSC neurosurgery trainees (n = 143) who began their residency training between 1998 and 2008 were included in this study. Associations between year of residency completion, research pursuits, and fellowship choice with career outcomes were determined by Fisher’s exact test (p &lt; 0.05, statistical significance). Results: In 2015, 60% and 26% of neurosurgery trainees had permanent positions in Canada and the USA, respectively. Underemployment, defined as locum and clinical associate positions, pursuit of multiple unrelated fellowships, unemployment, and career change to non-surgical career, was 12% in 2015. The proportion of neurosurgery trainees who had been underemployed at some point within 5 years since residency completion was 20%. Pursuit of in-folded research (MSc, PhD, or non-degree research greater than 1 year) was significantly associated with obtaining full employment (94% vs. 73%, p = 0.011). However, fellowship training was not significantly associated with obtaining full employment (78% vs. 75%, p = 1.000). Conclusions: Underemployment in neurosurgery has become a significant issue in Canada for various reasons. Pursuit of in-folded research, but not fellowship training, was associated with obtaining full employment.