bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Oxidation Resistance and Microhardness of Ni-Ysz Composites Via the Forging in Air
Authors: Kurapova O.Yu. , Solovyeva E.N. , Lomakin I.V. , Ushakov V.M. , Archakov I.Yu. , Konakov V.G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Nickel-ceramics composites are very promising materials for various industrial applications. Significant progress was achieved in the field of composite nickel-ceramic coatings development. However, in case of bulk nickel-ceramics composites the available information is quite insufficient. In this study the effect of forging on the microstructure, oxidation resistance, and microhardness of Ni-8Y2O3-92ZrO2 (Ni-YSZ) composites was revealed. Nickel-YSZ composites were manufactured by powder metallurgy technique with following vacuum annealing at 1250 °C; in addition, forging at 1000 °C was applied. Oxidation behavior was studied by termogravimetry in air. The microstructure of the composites was investigated via SEM, XRD, and EBSD analysis. It was shown that forged composites do not undergo oxidation in the temperature range 20-950 °C. Forged Ni-YSZ composites exhibited improved Vickers hardness (HV) compared to bulk nickel.
Effect of Bench Press Load Knowledge on One Repetition Maximum Strength
Authors: Snarr Ronald L. , Adams Kara , Cook Jordan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Snarr, RL, Adams, K, and Cook, J. Effect of bench press load knowledge on one repetition maximum strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2121–2126, 2021—Knowledge of a given load and visual feedback are crucial while performing a given task. Although previous literature has examined the consequences of lifting a submaximal weight, the removal of load knowledge has yet to be examined under maximal effort. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences in 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press values between a known and unknown external load. Twenty resistance-trained subjects (10 male subjects and 10 female subjects) completed 2 trials of a 1RM bench press protocol separated by 48–72 hours. The two 1RM trials consisted of (a) a traditional 1RM lift in which subjects could see the external load and (b) a 1RM lift in which the external load was blocked from view of the subject. Trials were randomized for all subjects. Results indicated that no differences were observed when the load was known vs. unknown within all subjects (p = 0.094; Cohen's d = 0.03; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). In addition, 40% decreased and 15% increased their 1RM, despite the unknown condition. A statistical difference was found between the initial 1RM estimation vs. measured 1RM during the known load trial (p = 0.034, Cohen's d = 0.07). Practitioners should note that load knowledge before a maximal lift does not appear to present any significant detrimental effects on performance. Therefore, training during a “blinded” condition may present a unique modality and additional balance component that would not be presented during a traditional maximal lift. Further examination of attentional focus and muscle activation differences are warranted.
Neuromuscular Jumping Performance and Upper-Body Horizontal Power of Volleyball Players
Authors: Gonçalves Carlota A. , Lopes Tiago J.D. , Nunes Célia , Marinho Daniel A. , Neiva Henrique P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gonçalves, CA, Lopes, TJD, Nunes, C, Marinho, DA, and Neiva, HP. Neuromuscular jumping performance and upper-body horizontal power of volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2236–2241, 2021—The aim of the current study was to characterize the neuromuscular jumping performance and upper-body horizontal power of elite and subelite volleyball players. In addition, those neuromuscular performances were compared between field positions. One hundred twenty-two male volleyball players participated in the study: 83 elite players (mean ± SD: 24.11 ± 5.57 years) and 39 subelite players (25.38 ± 6.19 years). They were divided according to their playing position: setters (n = 22), opposite hitters (n = 16), middle hitters (n = 30), right-side hitters (n = 38), and liberos (n = 16). Each subject randomly performed 3 repetitions of medicine ball throwing (MBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), CMJ with free arms (CMJFA), and spike jump (SPJ). The results showed no significant differences between positions in the analyzed variables. However, there were differences between elite and subelite in the CMJ (p = 0.000,

= 0.12), the CMJFA (p = 0.000,

= 0.15), the SPJ (p = 0.000,

= 0.21), and MBT (p = 0.001,

= 0.09), showing a tendency for increased jumping performance and upper-body horizontal power for elite players. The elite opposite hitters and right-side hitters recorded greater CMJ performances (d = 1.20 and d = 1.62, respectively). The right-side hitters were the only group that showed greater horizontal upper-body muscular power (p = 0.000, d = 1.50). It is suggested that jumping performance is a determining factor for higher-level players, which was more relevant for the opposite hitters and right-side hitters. Nevertheless, the movement pattern of MBT seems to be relevant for the right-side hitters. Coaches should seek to develop jumping ability for the improvement of volleyball performances, without disregarding upper-body performances, depending on the position-specific demands.
Dural Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Produces Female-Specific Responses in Rodent Migraine Models
Authors: Avona Amanda , Burgos-Vega Carolina , Burton Michael D. , Akopian Armen N. , Price Theodore J. , Dussor Gregory 
Published: April 2019

Migraine is the second leading cause for disability worldwide and the most common neurological disorder. It is also three times more common in women; reasons for this sex difference are not known. Using preclinical behavioral models of migraine, we show that application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the rat dura mater produces cutaneous periorbital hypersensitivity. Surprisingly, this response was observed only in females; dural CGRP at doses from 1 pg to 3.8 μg produce no responses in males. In females, dural CGRP causes priming to a pH 7.0 solution after animals recover from the initial CGRP-induced allodynia. Dural application of interleukin-6 causes acute responses in males and females but only causes priming to subthreshold dural CGRP (0.1 pg) in females. Intracisternal application of BDNF also causes similar acute hypersensitivity responses in males and females but only priming to subthreshold dural CGRP (0.1 pg) in females. Females were additionally primed to a subthreshold dose of the NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (0.1 mg/kg) following dural CGRP. Finally, the sexually dimorphic responses to dural CGRP were not specific to rats as similar female-specific hypersensitivity responses were seen in mice, where increased grimace responses were also observed. These data are the first to demonstrate that CGRP-induced headache-like behavioral responses at doses up to 3.8 μg are female-specific both acutely and following central and peripheral priming. These data further implicate dural CGRP signaling in the pathophysiology of migraine and propose a model where dural CGRP-based mechanisms contribute to the sexual disparity of this female-biased disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, and CGRP-based therapeutics are efficacious for the treatment of migraine in humans. However, the location of action for CGRP in migraine remains unclear. We show here that application of CGRP to the cranial meninges causes behavioral responses consistent with headache in preclinical rodent models. Surprisingly, however, these responses are only observed in females. Acute responses to meningeal CGRP are female-specific and sensitization to CGRP after two distinct stimuli are also female-specific. These data implicate the dura mater as a primary location of action for CGRP in migraine and suggest that female-specific mechanisms downstream of CGRP receptor activation contribute to the higher prevalence of migraine in women.
Evolution and accumulation of C-CO2 in biogenic and physiogenic aggregates of different agroecological management systems
Authors: Pinto Luiz Alberto Silva Rodrigues , Mendonça Octávio Vioratti Telles , Rossi Celeste Queiroz , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Barros Fabiana Costa 
Published: April 2019

Determination of mineralizable carbon (C) is based on the evolution of C-CO2, reflecting the activity of soil biota in soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition, and can be used as a testing parameter in agroecological production systems. The objective of the present work was to quantify mineralizable C in aggregates of different biogenic and physiogenic formation pathways in agroecological management systems in the city of Seropédica, state of Rio de Janeiro. Five sampling areas were selected: (1) 10-year agroforestry system (AFS), (2) 15-year full sun coffee (C-SUN), (3) 15-year shaded coffee (C-SHA), (4) 10-year phlegm alleles (FLE), and (5) 6-year no-till planting system with corn and eggplant (NT) in Red-Yellow Argissolo in Seropédica-RJ.Morphological patterns were used to identify the formation pathway (biogenic and physiogenic) of aggregates. In these, fertility, total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were evaluated. The evolution and accumulation of C-CO2were determined in the laboratory after 35 days of incubation. The NT area under agroecological management present higher C-CO2 accumulation between the systems with biogenic aggregates and less accumulation in the physiogenic aggregates.
Isolation and characterization of polyphenols from Euphorbia heterophylla L. (Euphorbiaceae) leaves
Authors: Tostes João Batista De Freitas , Da Silva Antonio Jorge Ribeiro , Kuster Ricardo Machado 
Published: April 2019

Many of Euphorbiaceae species are recognized as traditional medicinal plants and the oils and latex of many species have also economic importance. In fact, Euphorbia heterophylla L., belonging to this family and popularly known in Brazil as “leiteira”, “flor-de-poetas” and wild poinsettia, has been used traditionally in Africa and India to treat many kinds of health disorders. However, the chemical composition of this species has been little studied so far. In the present investigation, the flavonoids quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside), hyperin (quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and isoquercitrin 6”-malonate (quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6”-malonate)-glucopyranoside) were isolated from an ethyl acetate partition of aqueous ketone extract from E. heterophylla leaves. The dehydroellagitannins geraniin and phyllantusiin D as well as 1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-galloyl- β-D-glucopyranoside, caffeic acid and the coumarin aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) were also isolated. All the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as 1H and 13C-NMR, COSY, HETCOR, APT and by comparison with literature data. The presence of these substances of relevant bioactivity is reported for the first time in E. heterophylla through our study supporting in this way the medicinal use of this specie.
The role of characteristics of identification signs in integration of urban scene - Sara square as case study
Authors: Faraj Dr. Raz , Tawfeeq Hawar 
Published: April 2019

Identification sign means elements added to the urban scene in order to guide individuals toward certain points in the urban environment, the existing theses discussed characteristics of identification sign in terms of its ability to direct individuals and sometimes cause some distortion and visual pollution, but they rarely discussed them as a factor to facilitate the improvement of visual image of the urban scene. So this research highlights the identification signs in a way that they contribute to the integration of urban scene and also enhance its visual aspects. The research illustrates the difficulties in determining the characteristics which are the most influential ones in the integration of the urban scene of the squares. As the research seeks to find the reasons behind the positive impacts of certain identification signs which promote the integration of urban scene while some of them do the opposite. The research assumes that certain characteristics of certain identification sign have different effects on integration of urban scene. In order to achieve this, the research relied on clarifying some principles related to the identification sign in terms of their (types-characteristics) and principles related to the integration of urban scenes and its components, within the theoretical framework and then investigated within the practical study based on the evaluation of the measurement form in the study area of Sara square in the city of Sulaimani. The results showed some differences in the strengths of the effect of characteristics depending on the mechanisms they control. The research finds that the mechanisms of continuity, diversity, and the rhythm have a high impact at the partial level to achieve integration, in a way that the continuity mechanism controls the location of sign while the diversity mechanism controls the size, proportion, and the location of the sign, the rhythm mechanism controls the location of the sign. The mechanisms of complexity, harmony, unity, continuity, diversity, and rhythm have a high impact on properties at the level of the issue as the whole, to achieve the integration mechanisms which together with the characteristics at the level of the issue as the whole control the integration of urban scene. In other words, the relation between the parts / wholeness has the highest impacts, which determines whether the scene is integrated or not.
Post-war Reconstruction - Conservation Strategies for the Local Architectural Identity of the Mosul house for the post war
Authors: Saeed Marwa , Hassan Shorsh 
Published: April 2019

Humanity has witnessed in the past and continues to witness many devastating wars, which showed the weakness of the urban heritage in front of the destructive power of weapons and wars. With the disappearance of several archaeological buildings after the Second World War, the human being started to realize the importance of the local identity and worried about it from dissolution. This issue has emerged as a conflict that witnessed bloody wars and armed conflicts starting with the world war I and world war II, as well as many other civil wars that occurred in different countries in the world either for national or religious community divisions. Those wars have often led, at the cultural level, to a partial or entire destruction in the areas of conflict, the loot of heritage pieces and the burning of libraries. However, it is clear that the urbanized heritage is represented by the local heritage buildings, which are the product of human thought and culture and the conservation of the urban heritage has thus become a human historic responsibility. The importance of this research is represented for the urgent need to define the general guidelines for the reconstruction of Mosuli houses after the recent war. It is decided in order to create a local architectural identity that expresses the zeitgeist and achieves continuity with the heritage and local history of the city of Mosul, rich in heritage and history. So, this has created the research problem (Identifying strategies for redesigning and reconstruction the Mosuli house after Isis war). The research assumes that the application of local heritage elements will achieve a featured local identity for the houses to be reconstructed after the war. The aim of the research is to guide the strategies of re-implementation and reconstruction in order to preserve the local identity. To approach these goals, some experiences of other countries in the rehabilitation of cities after wars were mentioned, as well as some local architectural concepts related to post-war reconstruction were reviewed. Then, after that come up with a strategy that organizes reconstruction process. This study was mainly based on the analytical approach of several Mosuli houses to achieve the optimal strategy for the reconstruction of the Mosuli house post-war and also to obtain best possible outcomes regarding the local architectural identity of the city of Mosul.
The Effects of the Architectural Lineaments on the Stability of the Interior Design Configuration for the Historical Buildings Across Time An Analytical Study for Samples from Erbil Citadel in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Issa Naram , Khalil Dr. Kadhim 
Published: April 2019

The architectural conservation is one of the important practices for preservation the heritage and local identity of buildings., While architectural lineaments gives identity for each architectural style, however, Erbil Citadel preservation project had analyzed and documented without any studies before and after the preservation and rehabilitation. Theories of the interior design configuration had applied as a way to be sure from the architectural lineaments before and after the preservation and rehabilitation through study the characteristics of those spaces. The research problem is that there is no study that dealt with geometrical means that stands behind the stability of the interior design configuration for the historical buildings across time. The idea behind this research is to provide a mathematical measurement of the architectural lineaments stability before and after the preservation and rehabilitation. The research hypothesis is that the stability of the interior design configuration for the historical buildings back to the stability of the architectural lineaments before and after the preservation and rehabilitation.
The Singapore convention on enforcement of mediated settlement agreements (mediation): from dream to reality?
Authors: Zasemkova O. F. 
Published: April 2019

On 26th of June, 2018, at its 51th session, the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) announced the completion of two important documents — a draft United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, as well as the draft amendments to the UNCITRAL Model L aw on International Commercial Conciliation (2002) that, to a large extent, repeats the provisions of the draft Convention. It is expected that after its approval by the UN General Assembly on August 1, 2019, the Convention will be open for signature and, if ratified by a significant number of States, will play an important role in increasing the attractiveness of this method of dispute settlement to the international business community, allowing it to compete with international commercial arbitration.In this regard, the article attempts to analyze the main provisions of this Convention and to assess the feasibility of accession to it of the Russian Federation, taking into account the fact that currently in Russia this method of settlement of cross-border commercial disputes is not widespread. According to the results of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the adoption of this Convention will create a basis for the enforcement of international agreements reached as a result of mediation and acceptable for States with different legal, social and economic conditions, while maintaining the inherent flexibility of this method of dispute resolution. This, in turn, will reduce the likelihood of parties to cross-border commercial disputes going to court or international commercial arbitration after mediation and, accordingly, will increase the attractiveness of this method of dispute resolution for the parties.
Surgical tactics for elderly patients with deforming arthrosis of first metatarsophalangeal joint of foot
Authors: Tokarev A. E. , Kozyukov V. G. , Schekolova N. B. , Nenakhova Ya. V. 
Published: April 2019

Aim. To analyze the results of various types of surgical interventions, used in elderly patients with deforming arthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot.
Materials and methods. The long-term results of treatment of osteoarthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the foot were analyzed in 70 elderly persons depending on the stage of disease. Clinical, roentgenological investigation, biomechanical and statistical methods were used for diagnosis and treatment. Results. Surgical tactics of treatment for elderly patients depending on the stage of disease was developed, outcomes of surgical treatment were followed up in 55 patients. Good results were reached in 47 (85.4 %) patients, satisfactory – in 8 (15.6 %) patients, no unsatisfactory results were noted.
Conclusions. Differentiated approach to treatment depends on the choice of optimal method in each concrete case taking into account the stage of disease, character of deformity; early complex postoperative rehabilitation permits to obtain favorable cosmetic and functional outcome, improve patients’ quality of life.
Use of principles of pathogenetic treatment of decompensated form of early childhood caries in preschool children
Authors: Danilova M. A. , Machulina N. A. , Kamenskikh D. V. 
Published: April 2019

Aim. To ground the individualized pathogenetic approach to treatment of dental caries in preschool children.
Materials and methods. We carried out the controlled randomized retrospective study, which included 111 children aged 12 to 72 months with decompensated form of caries course. Patients of the main group received pathogenetic treatment of dental caries, patients of the comparison group received symptomatic treatment and a complex of preventive measures. Patients of both groups were monitored after 6, 12 and 24 months.
Results. The analyzed changes in caries intensity from the onset of performing individualized pathogenetic treatment of early childhood caries detected that 6 months later, a mean quantity of newly damaged surfaces was thrice as less in patients of the main group than in the comparison group. The data received one year after the onset of treatment, demonstrate a significant decrease in the growth of caries intensity of surfaces on average by one surface in persons of the main group compared to the comparison group (0.35 ± 0.12 and 1.57 ± 0.87, respectively, p = 0.05).
Conclusions. The choice of rational approaches to the treatment of early childhood caries should be substantiated by histomorphological status of temporary teeth hard tissues, physicochemical parameters of oral fluid and pathogenetic protocols, adapted to specificity of early childhood caries course.
The nature of voltage in superconductors with dynamic intermediate-mixed state
Authors: Antonov Yuri F. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: to describe scientific achievement providing the essence of the phenomenon; to confirm reliability of existence of DC electromagnetic induction using direct evidence.
Methods: experimental research into magnetizing superconducting samples. Visualisation of intermediate and mixed state of superconductors and movement of quantised threads of magnetic flux, the beams of such threads. Development of mathematical theory on the basis of fractal geometry and functional analysis.
Results: The essence of the scientific discovery consists in the proof that the direct consequence of the formation of an intermediate-mixed state of superconductors and the movement of quantum magnetic fluxes threads, beams of such filaments and macroscopic normal zones is the phenomenon of direct current electromagnetic induction.
Conclusion: the discovery of DC electromagnetic induction has been made, superconducting topological electrical generators on the basis of DC electromagnetic induction have been built, that achieve high nominal parameters: 10-100 kA current, specific current load - 1 kA/kg.