bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontmaskering van doelregelgeving. Over Outsourcing the law
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M. 
Published: September 2018

Ontmaskering van doelregelgeving. Over Outsourcing the law
Het recent verschenen boek Outsourcing the Law van Pauline Westerman (hierna: PW) is een kritische beschouwing van doelregelgeving. Vanuit een filosofische invalshoek analyseert zij de voordelen die de wetgever aan dit type regelgeving verbonden acht, zoals het bieden van ruimte en (democratische) invloed op de (nadere) normering aan de normadressaat. PW concludeert dat die veronderstelde ruimte en invloed in hun tegendeel verkeren, omdat doelregelgeving juist het opleggen van verplichtingen (tot implementatie en rapportage) impliceert. Doelregelgeving past, volgens PW, meer in een beheersbaarheidsmentaliteit (Foucault) dan in het concept van een liberale rechtsstaat. Als voorzet voor een tweede boek wijst Van Lochem op de praktijk van doelregelgeving in het kader van de Water Framework Directive.
Self‐Assembled Composite Cathodes with TEC Gradient for Proton‐Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Gao Yang , Fu Min , Zhao Shuang , Hou Zhongyu , Liu Kechen , Deng Xiangbo , Tao Zetian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne of the key challenges for high‐performance proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs) is the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients (TEC) between the cathode and electrolyte. While incorporating negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials can mitigate this issue, mechanical mixing often weakens cathode strength. To address this, a TEC gradient cathode is proposed and successfully implemented by co‐sintering PrBa(Co0.7Fe0.3)2O5‐δ(PBCF) with Y2W3O12 (YWO) in this work. In this work, Ba atoms at the A‐site of PBCF migrated from the lattice, generating A‐site defects. The resulting BaWO4 and Y10W8O21 phases, which have low TEC, are uniformly distributed between PBCF and YWO, forming a TEC gradient composite cathode. In addition, the transition phase captures the A‐site element Ba in the electrolyte layer, optimizing the electrolyte‐cathode interface. The composite cathode exhibits a reduced TEC, closely matching that of the electrolyte, significantly enhancing interface bonding, thereby providing a lower ohmic resistance of 0.051 Ω cm2 and a higher power density of 1.88 W cm−2 at 700 °C. Remarkably, thermal cycling tests conducted under temperature switching conditions demonstrate the composite cathode's long‐term thermal and chemical stability.
A Combination of Silver Nanowires and Al2O3 to Replace ITO and MgF2 in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin‐Film Solar Cell
Authors: Kang Seoin , Chung Choong‐Heui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilver nanowire (AgNW) transparent conducting electrodes can be prepared via a low‐cost process and deliver optoelectronic performance comparable to or even better than that of indium tin oxide (ITO). However, their integration into a real device is challenging, mainly because of the weak adhesion between AgNWs and the underlayer. Furthermore, when AgNWs replace ITO, a different material needs to be considered for the antireflection coating (ARC) of a thin‐film solar cell. A combination of AgNWs and Al2O3 is employed to replace both ITO and the MgF2 in a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin‐film solar cell. The quality of the contact between the AgNWs and CdS buffer is improved by introducing a chemical‐bath‐deposited welding layer, which improves the fill factor of the cell from 43.4% to 68.7%. Accordingly, the exposed surface of the CIGS thin‐film solar cell changes from ITO to CdS. Therefore, the commonly used MgF2 ARC is replaced with Al2O3, which is a better match in terms of the refractive index for AgNW‐based CIGS thin‐film solar cells. The adoption of the Al2O3 ARC increases the short‐circuit current density of the cell by 7.3%. In conclusion, a device structure of Al2O3/AgNW/CdS/CIGS/Mo is suggested for CIGS thin‐film solar cells.
Conjugated Group Tuning of Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Efficient Hole‐Transport Layer in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Shuangjiao , Peng Ruixiang , Qiu Yi , Liu Hui , Wu Yujie , Li Xiyun , Zhang Yahui , Jin Fei , Ge Ziyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractP‐type carbazole‐derived self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have garnered significant attention as promising hole transport layers (HTLs) in the development of highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it still lacks the effective navigation to modulate the terminal functional groups of SAMs to achieve a compromise between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and self‐aggregation behavior. Herein, the terminal functional groups are adjusted and three SAMs are synthesized, namely, t‐Bu‐3PACz, Ph‐3PACz, and Bz‐3PACz to comprehensively investigate their intrinsic properties and influence on photovoltaic performance. Among them, Ph‐3PACz featuring an exceptionally suitable conjugated region and steric hindrance exhibits the best compatibility with the active layer, superior electrical conductivity, HOMO energy level aligning with polymer donor, and ordered film packing. As a result, the photovoltaic devices based on Ph‐3PACz exhibit an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.850 V, a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 28.7 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 78.5%, thus resulting in a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.2%. This work provides an effective and easily navigable method to modulate the molecular packing and energy levels of SAMs, thereby achieving highly efficient OSCs.
Orthogonal Nano‐Engineering (ONE): Modulating Nanotopography and Surface Chemistry of Aluminum Oxide for Superior Antibiofouling and Enhanced Chemical Stability
Authors: Chen Hanyu , Fianu Felicia , Moraru Carmen I. , Yang Rong , Cheng Yifan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDecoupling certain material surface properties can be key to attaining critical property‐activity relationships that underpin their antibiofouling performance. Here, orthogonal nano‐engineering (ONE) is employed to decouple the influences of nanotopography and surface chemistry on surface antibiofouling. Nanotopography and surface chemistry are systematically varied with a two‐step process. Controlled nanotopography is obtained by electrochemical anodization of aluminum, which generated anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces with cylindrical nanopores (diameters: 15, 25, and 100 nm). To modify surface chemistry while preserving nanotopography, an ultrathin (≈5 nm) yet stable zwitterionic coating of poly(divinylbenzene‐4‐vinylpyridyl sulfobetaine) is deposited on these surfaces using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Antibiofouling performance is assessed by quantifying 48‐h biomass formed by gram positive and negative bacteria. The ONE surfaces demonstrated enhanced antibiofouling performance, with small‐pore nanotopography and zwitterionic chemistry each lowered biomass accumulation by tested species, with potential additive effects. The most effective chemistry‐topography combination (ZW‐AAO15) enabled an overall reduction of 91% for Escherichia coli, 76% for Staphylococcus epidermidis, 69% for Listeria monocytogenes, and 67% for Staphylococcus aureus, relative to the uncoated nanosmooth control. Additionally, the composite ZW coating exhibited encouraging anticorrosion properties under both static and turbulent cleaning conditions, vital to antibiofouling applications in healthcare and food industries.
Transdermal Delivery of Superoxide Dismutase Using Polymeric Microneedle Patches to Inhibit Skin Aging
Authors: Chen Yongli , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Kaimin , Gu Lihong , Dong Liang , Oakes Ken , Zhang Xu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSkin aging is characterized by a deterioration of skin quality over time resulting from physiological changes and oxidative stress (OS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an effective antioxidant enzyme widely used as a food supplement and cosmetic additive to alleviate OS and retard skin aging. However, conventional SOD delivery routes commonly yield unsatisfactory results due to limited stability, compromised bioavailability, and low absorption efficiency in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These issues are addressed by developing SOD‐encapsulated polymeric microneedle (PMN) patches for efficient transdermal delivery. The use of a highly stable SOD isolated from a hot spring microbe ensures its reactivity throughout PMN fabrication and application. This SOD vehicle demonstrated excellent effectiveness through inhibiting skin‐aging and promoting hair growth as validated by extensive in vivo experiments using D‐galactose (D‐gal) induced aging‐mouse model. SOD‐PMNs promoted excellent regeneration of hair follicles, increased melanin synthesis, decreased lipid oxidation, and elevated antioxidative capacity of skin tissue. The success in effective transdermal delivery of SOD promises wide applicability in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Reverse design of molecule‐process‐process networks: A case study from HEN‐ORC system
Authors: Hong Xiaodong , Dong Xuan , Liao Zuwei , Sun Jingyuan , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integrated design of the heat exchanger network (HEN) and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system with new working fluids is a complex optimization problem. It involves navigating a vast design space across working fluid molecules, ORC processes, and networks. In this article, a new two‐stage reverse strategy is developed. The optimal HEN‐ORC configurations and operating conditions, and the thermodynamic properties of the hypothetical working fluid are identified by an equation of state (EOS) free HEN‐ORC model in the first stage. With two developed group contribution‐artificial neural network thermodynamic property prediction models, working fluid molecules are screened out in the second stage from a database containing more than 430,000 hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs). The presented method is employed in two cases, where new working fluids are found. The total annual cost of Case 1 is 12%–22% lower than the literature, and the power output of Case 2 is 5%–8% higher than the literature.
Imaging‐Based Lensless Polarization‐Sensitive Fluid Stream Analyzer for Automated, Label‐Free, and Cost‐Effective Microplastic Classification
Authors: Montandon Fraser , Nicolls Fred 
Published: November 2024

The presence of microplastics in the environment is of significant concern, yet the exact extent of this pollution remains largely unknown. The ocean is of particular interest as the monitoring of microplastics presents a challenge in that in situ fluid stream solutions are not readily available and traditional sampling methods are labor‐intensive and costly. This study introduces an imaging‐based lensless polarization‐sensitive fluid stream analyzer (FSA) for automated, label‐free, and cost‐effective detection and classification of microplastics. The FSA incorporates digital in‐line holography and birefringence computation, enabling quantitative polarization‐sensitive imaging and machine‐learning‐based activities including sample classification. Birefringent textures of synthetic polymers are investigated owing to their optical anisotropy. A microplastic classifier is developed for the FSA and integrated to form an end‐to‐end workflow capable of sampling fluid streams and determining marine and microplastic particle presence. Cultures of two phytoplankton species form a simplified marine environment for FSA evaluation. The device is tested in a two‐class configuration for marine microorganisms and microplastics, as well as a five‐class configuration for marine microorganisms and four individual microplastic types (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene). The results demonstrate high classification accuracy, supported by experiments in the simulated marine environment that validate the proposed implementation's efficacy.
Sex‐specific topological structure associated with dementia via latent space estimation
Authors: Wang Selena , Wang Yiting , Xu Frederick H. , Tian Xinyuan , Fredericks Carolyn A. , Shen Li , Zhao Yize ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe investigate sex‐specific topological structures associated with typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using a novel state‐of‐the‐art latent space estimation technique.METHODSThis study applies a probabilistic approach for latent space estimation that extends current multiplex network modeling approaches and captures the higher‐order dependence in functional connectomes by preserving transitivity and modularity structures.RESULTSWe find sex differences in network topology with females showing more default mode network (DMN)‐centered hyperactivity and males showing more limbic system (LS)‐centered hyperactivity, while both show DMN‐centered hypoactivity. We find that centrality plays an important role in dementia‐related dysfunction with stronger association between connectivity changes and regional centrality in females than in males.DISCUSSIONThe study contributes to the current literature by providing a more comprehensive picture of dementia‐related neurodegeneration linking centrality, network segregation, and DMN‐centered changes in functional connectomes, and how these components of neurodegeneration differ between the sexes.Highlights
We find evidence supporting the active role network topology plays in neurodegeneration with an imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms that can lead to whole‐brain destabilization in dementia patients.
We find sex‐based differences in network topology with females showing more default mode network (DMN)‐centered hyperactivity, males showing more limbic system (LS)‐centered hyperactivity, while both show DMN‐centered hypoactivity.
We find that brain region centrality plays an important role in dementia‐related dysfunction with a stronger association between connectivity changes and regional centrality in females than in males.
Females, compared to males, tend to exhibit stronger dementia‐related changes in regions that are the central actors of the brain networks.
Taken together, this research uniquely contributes to the current literature by providing a more comprehensive picture of dementia‐related neurodegeneration linking centrality, network segregation, and DMN‐centered changes in functional connectomes, and how these components of neurodegeneration differ between the sexes.
Discrimination, social support, and wellness among BIPOC counseling students
Authors: Kim Nayoung , Kim Isak , Mumbauer‐Pisano Jayna , Kim Taewon , Zeligman Melissa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between discrimination, wellness, and social support among counseling students who identified as Black, Indigenous, or people of color (BIPOC). Results indicated that perceived discrimination negatively predicted counseling students’ wellness, and social support played a buffering role in the negative effect of perceived discrimination on wellness.
Exploring signs of central sensitization in adolescents with hypermobility Spectrum disorder or hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Schubert‐Hjalmarsson Elke , Fasth Anders , Ickmans Kelly , Söderpalm Ann‐Charlott , Lundberg Mari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) and Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) are two overlapping heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, chronic pain, impaired body perception, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Central sensitization has been proposed as a plausible explanation for symptoms like widespread pain, fatigue, mood disorders, and sleep disturbances in patients with HSD/hEDS.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate signs of central sensitization, including exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH), and fatigue severity in adolescents with HSD/hEDS.MethodsIn this prospective, experimental, case–control study, thirty‐seven adolescents with HSD/hEDS and 47 healthy adolescents (all aged 13–17 years) were included. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were measured at four muscle groups using a pressure algometer. EIH was evaluated by measuring PPTs on two muscle groups immediately after an exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Participants also completed questionnaires on fatigue and cognitive/emotional factors.ResultsThe study demonstrated significantly lower PPTs in four different muscle groups in adolescents with HSD/hEDS compared to the healthy control group. Both groups achieved a significantly higher PPTs after exercise in the muscle involved in the activity. Adolescents with HSD/hEDS reported higher fatigue levels and more cognitive/emotional difficulties than the control group.ConclusionAdolescents with HSD/hEDS showed generalized hyperalgesia measured through PPTs at different body sites. EIH was partly affected in adolescents with HSD/hEDS, presenting as unchanged pain sensitivity in the remote muscle. Pain should be considered as a phenomenon that is influenced by different biopsychosocial factors, including possible central sensitization, which increase its complexity.Significance statementThis study breaks new ground by showing signs of central sensitization, including diminished EIH, in adolescents with HSD or hEDS. Given that exercise is a key element in pain management, these findings offer valuable insights when developing treatment plans for adolescents with HSD or hEDS.
Food Security Status and Associated Drivers Among Climate Migrant Households in Bangladesh: Insight From Urban Informal Settlements
Authors: Hoque Farhana , Khan Md. Ayatullah , Urme Irin Azhar , Sultana Rashmia , Al Imran Sardar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClimate migrants and their food accessibility are a pressing issue in Bangladesh that has not been adequately addressed in previous studies. This research aimed to examine the food security status and its associated drivers among climate migrant households' residing in urban informal settlements in Khulna city. This study was conducted in three selected wards (12, 21, and 31) known for their urban informal settlements and high concentrations of climate migrants. Data were collected on socioeconomic, demographic, COVID‐19 impacts, and the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale using an interview schedule. Descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and inferential statistics (chi‐square test and binary logit model) were used to analyze the data. The study found a large portion of households to be food insecure (83.3%). Several socio‐demographic and economic issues, including the household head's education, occupation, and health, the number of working members, monthly income, savings, debt, and access to a safety net, were identified as significant drivers of food insecurity. Moreover, COVID‐19 impacts, considering loss of employment, income, and savings, shortages of daily needs, and price hikes on food items, were identified as the significant contributors to food insecurity. Responsible stakeholders may utilize the outcomes of this study to combat food insecurity and hunger among climate migrants residing in urban informal settlements through necessary policy measures.
Aromatherapy was used to explore the sedative and hypnotic effects of Moringa seed essential oil on insomnia rats
Authors: Wei Shaofeng , Chen Ruijie , Liu Xiaoyi , Ma Haoran , Peng Yang , Wu Xiefei , An Yong , Wang Xinru , Luo Peng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMoringa is a type of plant that is used both for medicinal and food. Moringa seed (MS) are rich in volatile oil and have initially been employed to treat diseases of the nervous system. Insomnia, a prevalent neurological disorder, has led to this study's aim: to extract the essential oil from MS and analyze its potential to improve sleep. This study utilized petroleum ether for the thermal extraction of the essential oil from MS, which was then subjected to compositional analysis using Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GC–MS). P‐chlorophenyl alanine (PCPA) was used to induce an insomnia model in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Following the successful establishment of the model, the MS essential oil was administered at concentrations of 10%, 5%, and 2.5% to investigate its sedative and hypnotic effects. The efficacy of the MS essential oil was assessed by observing the general condition of rats in each group, conducting an open field test, a pentobarbital sodium righting test, and measuring the serum 5‐HT (5‐hydroxytryptamine) levels and hypothalamic GABA (γ‐aminobutyric acid) content. GC–MS analysis of the MS essential oil revealed a rich composition, including oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, stigmasterol, and γ‐stigmasterol, among other substances. Through the assessment of the rats' general condition, behavioral tests, and blood biochemical assays, it was inferred that MS essential oil aromatherapy can reduce the rat's locomotor activity, increase their interest in activity and exploration, enhance the serum 5‐HT levels, and elevate hypothalamic GABA content. Consequently, it can be concluded that MS essential oil has a sedative and hypnotic effect.
Nutritional, Functional, and Microbial Quality of Wheat Biscuits Enriched With Malted Pearl Millet and Orange Peel Flours
Authors: Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia , Ntsanwisi Matimu Delicate , Onipe Oluwatoyin Oladayo , Mashau Mpho Edward , Olamiti Gbeminiyi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, composite biscuits were produced by combining wheat flour (WF) with different proportions of malted pearl millet (MPM) flour (8%, 16%, 24%, and 32%) and orange peel (OP) flour (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%), using 100% WF as a control. The investigation covered the functional properties, viscosity, and thermal properties of the flours, along with the proximate composition, antioxidant, physical properties, color attributes, and microbial quality of the composite biscuits. As MPM and OP flour (OPF) contents increased, water absorption capacity, dispersibility, and foaming power increased, while the viscosities of both hot and cold pastes decreased. The thermal properties of the composite flours, including onset, peak, and final temperatures (ranging between 74.19°C and 100.76°C), showed an upward trend with increasing proportions of MPM and orange peel flour (OPF). There was an increase in moisture content (3.43%–4.93%), ash (4.50%–5.59%), crude protein (11.70%–13.41%), and crude fiber (11.44%–16.24%) of biscuits with the incorporation of MPM and OPF. Similarly, the diameter (4.12–4.60 mm), thickness (9.00–10.00 mm), and hardness (7.53–8.75 N) of the biscuits were increased. Antioxidant properties were evident, with an increased total phenolic content (1.40–3.56 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (2.91–6.79 mg QUE/100 g), vitamin C (0.79–1.01 mg/g), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.78–8.64 mg GAE/g). Conversely, color attributes—L* (31.90), a* (10.82), b* (19.59), hue angle (30.42), and chroma (53.66)—were found to decrease with higher levels of MPM and OPF. Microbial quality showed decreased total counts, coliforms, yeasts, and mold in biscuits containing MPM and OPF. Overall, the inclusion of MPM and OPF enhanced the nutritional quality of the biscuits and could reduce reliance on imported wheat.
Dear Kathleen: An Immersed Reflexive Inquiry of Sex Work, Sexual Violence, and College Students
Authors: Stewart Terah J. , Snow Olivia , Linder Chris 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWithin scholarship and public discourse, the concepts sex work and sexual violence are often conflated. More specifically, sex work is specifically framed as sexual violence that relies on a prevalent oppression paradigm analytic with respect to erotic labor(ers). This necessarily impacts research and scholarship on sex workers, and it informs the experiences of college students engaged in sex work. Situated as an immersed reflexive inquiry, we analyze the bounds of sex work, sexual violence, and what, if any, nexus exists between them through our personal, professional, and academic experiences in tandem with an artifact (a reflexive letter) written by a college student sex work to her past self. We interrogate implications and offer a clear perspective on whether sex work is sexual violence and why it matters.