bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emblematic Mechanisms and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Soletskyy Oleksandr Markiian 
Published: October 2019

In the paper the parallels between the emblematic “mechanisms” of signification and the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud as well as Carl Gustav Jung have been studied. The Austrian psychiatrist has discovered template schemes that become a visual delineation, the blueprint for developing his scientific vocabulary, methodology, classification of psycho-emotional behavioral types in mythological plots. The Eros and Thanatos images handling, the exploitation of mythical tales about Oedipus and Electra, Prometheus, Narcissus, and many other ones to specify the behavioral complexes denote the presence of “emblematic methodology” in the formation of psychoanalytic conceptions and categories. His interpretations of famous mythological plots are boiled down to emblematic reduction.
Carl Gustav Jung frequently selected symbolic notations as his research targets, which were a denotative space for expressing internal mental receptions and historic constellations of cultural axiology. In his writings we see the intention to assemble the concepts of image (iconic) and socio-cultural idea (conventional) into a sole compound that syncretically denote unity of meaning. Such an arrangement of iconic-conventional interdetermination is often significative elbowroom in Jung the decoding of which may allow to discern complex mental reflections. Notwithstanding the fact that he considers a symbol to be the standard unit of cognitive-cultural experience “conservation”, its functional semantics definition is fulfilled in emblematic patterns. This emblematic-cognitive form is not only a method of determining the initial images-ideas of the unconscious, “the mythological figures” of inner conflicts, typical experience of generations, but also the principle of justification and expression of his theory conceptual foundation. To a certain extent, it is an element of the Swiss psychologist’s scientific thinking style and language.
Atomic‐Scale Manipulation and In Situ Characterization with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Ko Wonhee , Ma Chuanxu , Nguyen Giang D. , Kolmer Marek , Li An‐Ping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractScanning tunneling microscope (STM) has presented a revolutionary methodology to nanoscience and nanotechnology. It enables imaging of the topography of surfaces, mapping the distribution of electronic density of states, and manipulating individual atoms and molecules, all at atomic resolutions. In particular, atom manipulation capability has evolved from fabricating individual nanostructures toward the scalable production of the atomic‐sized devices bottom‐up. The combination of precision synthesis and in situ characterization has enabled direct visualization of many quantum phenomena and fast proof‐of‐principle testing of quantum device functions with immediate feedback to guide improved synthesis. Several representative examples are reviewed to demonstrate the recent development of atomic‐scale manipulation, focusing on progress that addresses quantum properties by design in several technologically relevant materials systems. Integration of several atomically precisely controlled probes in a multiprobe STM system vastly extends the capability of in situ characterization to a new dimension where the charge and spin transport behaviors can be examined from mesoscopic to atomic length scale. The automation of atomic‐scale manipulation and the integration with well‐established lithographic processes further push this bottom‐up approach to a new level that combines reproducible fabrication, extraordinary programmability, and the ability to produce large‐scale arrays of quantum structures.
MXene‐Reinforced Cellulose Nanofibril Inks for 3D‐Printed Smart Fibres and Textiles
Authors: Cao Wen‐Tao , Ma Chang , Mao Dong‐Sheng , Zhang Juan , Ma Ming‐Guo , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFibre‐based materials have received tremendous attention due to their flexibility and wearability. Although great efforts have been devoted to achieve high‐performance fibres over the past several years, it is still challenging for multifunctional macroscopic fibres to satisfy versatile applications. 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) with intriguing physical/chemical properties have been explored in broad application, and may be able to reinforce synthetic fibres. Inspired by natural materials, for the first time, flexible smart fibres and textiles are fabricated using a 3D printing process with hybrid inks of TEMPO (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxylradi‐cal)‐mediated oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNFs) and Ti3C2 MXene. The hybrid inks display good rheological properties, which allow them to achieve accurate structures and be rapidly printed. TOCNFs/Ti3C2 in hybrid inks self‐assemble to fibres with an aligned structure in ethanol, mimicking the features of the natural structures of plant fibres. In contrast to conventional synthetic fibres with limited functions, smart TOCNFs/Ti3C2 fibres and textiles exhibit significant responsiveness to multiple external stimuli (electrical/photonic/mechanical). TOCNFs/Ti3C2 textiles with electromechanical performance can be processed into sensitive strain sensors. Such multifunctional smart fibres and textiles will be promising in diverse applications, including wearable heating textiles, human health monitoring, and human–machine interfaces.
4D‐Printed Biodegradable and Remotely Controllable Shape Memory Occlusion Devices
Authors: Lin Cheng , Lv Jinxin , Li Yuanshi , Zhang Fenghua , Li Jinrong , Liu Yanju , Liu Liwu , Leng Jinsong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImplantation of occlusion devices is an effective approach for the treatment of congenital heart diseases in the clinic. However, most commercial clinical occlusion devices are currently made of nondegradable metals, which may lead to complications such as perforation, allergies, and erosion. In this work, 4D‐printed novel, biodegradable, remotely controllable, and personalized shape memory occlusion devices are demonstrated and atrial septal defect occluders are exemplified. By incorporating Fe3O4 magnetic particles into the shape memory poly(lactic acid) matrix, the deployment of the occluders can be controlled remotely after implantation. The excellent cytocompatibility and histocompatibility are conducive to cell adhesion and ingrowth of granulation tissues into the occluders, thus facilitating rapid endothelialization. In addition, personalized shape memory occluders ensure an ideal fit and provide sufficient support for defects. Therefore, 4D‐printed shape memory occluders can be used as a potential substitute for metal occlusion devices.
Models of the Gut for Analyzing the Impact of Food and Drugs
Authors: Fois Chiara Anna Maria , Le Thi Yen Loan , Schindeler Aaron , Naficy Sina , McClure Dale David , Read Mark Norman , Valtchev Peter , Khademhosseini Ali , Dehghani Fariba 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModels of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can be powerful tools for examining the biological interactions of food products and pharmaceuticals. This can be done under normal healthy conditions or using models of disease–many of which have no curative therapy. This report outlines the field of gastrointestinal modeling, with a particular focus on the intestine. Traditional in vivo animal models are compared to a range of in vitro models. In vitro systems are elaborated over time, recently culminating with microfluidic intestines‐on‐chips (IsOC) and 3D bioengineered models. Macroscale models are also reviewed for their important contribution in the microbiota studies. Lastly, it is discussed how in silico approaches may have utility in predicting and interpreting experimental data. The various advantages and limitations of the different systems are contrasted. It is posited that only through complementary use of these models will salient research questions be able to be addressed.
2D Perovskites with Giant Excitonic Optical Nonlinearities for High‐Performance Sub‐Bandgap Photodetection
Authors: Zhou Feng , Abdelwahab Ibrahim , Leng Kai , Loh Kian Ping , Ji Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) perovskites have proved to be promising semiconductors for photovoltaics, photonics, and optoelectronics. Here, a strategy is presented toward the realization of highly efficient, sub‐bandgap photodetection by employing excitonic effects in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper‐type halide perovskites (RPPs). On near resonance with 2D excitons, layered RPPs exhibit degenerate two‐photon absorption (D‐2PA) coefficients as giant as 0.2–0.64 cm MW−1. 2D RPP‐based sub‐bandgap photodetectors show excellent detection performance in the near‐infrared (NIR): a two‐photon‐generated current responsivity up to 1.2 × 104 cm2 W−2 s−1, two orders of magnitude greater than InAsSbP‐pin photodiodes; and a dark current as low as 2 pA at room temperature. More intriguingly, layered‐RPP detectors are highly sensitive to the light polarization of incoming photons, showing a considerable anisotropy in their D‐2PA coefficients (β[001]/β[011] = 2.4, 70% larger than the ratios reported for zinc‐blende semiconductors). By controlling the thickness of the inorganic quantum well, it is found that layered RPPs of (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 can be utilized for three‐photon photodetection in the NIR region.
Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Perovskites for High‐Performance Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cheng Lu , Jiang Tao , Cao Yu , Yi Chang , Wang Nana , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on solution‐processed metal halide perovskites have shown great application potential in energy‐efficient lighting and displays. Multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) perovskites simultaneously possess high photoluminescence quantum efficiency and good film morphology and stability, making it attractive for high‐performance perovskite LEDs. Here, merits of MQW perovskites and the progress in MQW perovskite LEDs are reviewed. Challenges and future directions of perovskite LEDs are also discussed.
Strong Adhesives from Corn Protein and Tannic Acid
Authors: Schmidt Gudrun , Woods Jessyca T. , Fung Lawrence X.‐B. , Gilpin Christopher J. , Hamaker Bruce R. , Wilker Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModern society is in great need of environmentally sustainable and low‐cost alternatives to some petroleum derived adhesives. To allow recycling and avoid pollution, adhesives for single use products including packaging are of particular interest. Potential candidates for such applications are the adhesive formulations of corn zein protein and tannic acid presented here. High strength adhesive bonding is found when the formulations are optimized with regard to composition, pH, and curing temperature. Bonding is tested on aluminum substrates using lap shear configurations. Adhesion strengths exceed the minimal bonding of zein‐only controls. Maximum adhesion for zein and tannic acid is as strong as commercial Super Glue when measured under similar conditions. The system forms nanometer and micrometer sized pores throughout the bulk adhesive. A low amount of tannic acid and neutral pH of the strongest adhesive make the corn zein–tannic acid system potentially appealing for cost efficient adhesives used in packaging, cosmetics, and other single use applications where biomedical grade purity is not required.
Racialized Sexual Discrimination (RSD) in the Age of Online Sexual Networking: Are Young Black Gay/Bisexual Men (YBGBM) at Elevated Risk for Adverse Psychological Health?
Authors: Wade Ryan M. , Harper Gary W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractYoung Black gay/bisexual men (YBGBM) are a highly marginalized population across multiple health outcomes. Most research on YBGBM health has focused on HIV/sexual health, but there is a demonstrable need for research examining racism and psychosocial functioning among this population. Racialized Sexual Discrimination (RSD), also known as sexual racism, is an important but under‐investigated phenomenon that may have implications for the psychological health and well‐being of YBGBM. This paper provides an overview of empirical research on RSD as experienced by gay/bisexual men of color in online partner‐seeking venues. First, the researchers discuss how racialized experiences are a documented online phenomenon, with a variety of manifestations, and identify the potential effects that this phenomenon may have on the psychosocial health of YBGBM, and gay/bisexual men of color as a whole. Second, the researchers synthesize the RSD literature with a broader literature examining psychological well‐being across race and sexual orientation. Third, the researchers present a theoretically grounded conceptual model detailing the pathways between RSD and psychological well‐being using a stress and coping framework. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research on this topic, including scale development and hypothesis testing.
Inter‐group aggressive interaction patterns indicate male mate defense and female cooperation across bonobo groups at Wamba, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Tokuyama Nahoko , Sakamaki Tetsuya , Furuichi Takeshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough conflicts between groups over valuable resources are common in the animal kingdom, an individual's strategy toward out‐group individuals may differ according to the benefits and costs received from inter‐group interactions. Groups of bonobos encounter each other frequently and may mingle and range together from a few hours to a few days. During these inter‐group associations, individuals across groups exhibit both aggressive and affiliative interactions. This study aimed to examine the strategies that bonobos employ with other groups, by comparing the patterns of within‐ and inter‐group aggression.Materials and methodsWe observed the aggressive interactions within a group of wild bonobos and between the group and three neighboring groups in Wamba, Luo Scientific Reserve, DR Congo.ResultsBonobos increased the level of cooperation to attack out‐group individuals more than they do to attack within‐group individuals. Additionally, they reduced the aggression between within‐group members during inter‐group associations, compared to that when not associated with other groups. Males selectively and cooperatively attacked out‐group males. Inter‐group aggression among females was rare. Furthermore, females sometimes formed coalitions with out‐group individuals to attack a common target.DiscussionOur results support the hypothesis that inter‐group competition occurs in bonobos, with males across groups competing over mates. Females across groups were tolerant and even cooperative with each other. Regardless of the ideal male strategy, female tolerant and cooperative relationships across groups and female within‐group superiority over males could preserve tolerant inter‐group relationships in bonobos.
Super‐Resolution Microscopy Reveals Shape and Distribution of Dislocations in Single‐Crystal Nanocomposites
Authors: Ihli Johannes , Green David C. , Lynch Christophe , Holden Mark A. , Lee Phillip A. , Zhang Shuheng , Robinson Ian K. , Webb Stephen E. D. , Meldrum Fiona C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith their potential to offer new properties, single crystals containing nanoparticles provide an attractive class of nanocomposite materials. However, to fully profit from these, it is essential that we can characterise their 3D structures, identifying the locations of individual nanoparticles, and the defects present within the host crystals. Using calcite crystals containing quantum dots as a model system, we here use 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to locate the positions of the nanoparticles within the host crystal. The nanoparticles are shown to preferentially associate with dislocations in a manner previously recognised for atomic impurities, rendering these defects visible by STORM. Our images also demonstrate that the types of dislocations formed at the crystal/substrate interface vary according to the nucleation face, and dislocation loops are observed that have entirely different geometries to classic misfit dislocations. This approach offers a rapid, easily accessed, and non‐destructive method for visualising the dislocations present within crystals, and gives insight into the mechanisms by which additives become occluded within crystals.
X‐ray Crystallography and Vibrational Spectroscopy Reveal the Key Determinants of Biocatalytic Dihydrogen Cycling by [NiFe] Hydrogenases
Authors: Ilina Yulia , Lorent Christian , Katz Sagie , Jeoung Jae‐Hun , Shima Seigo , Horch Marius , Zebger Ingo , Dobbek Holger 
Published: October 2019

Abstract[NiFe] hydrogenases are complex model enzymes for the reversible cleavage of dihydrogen (H2). However, structural determinants of efficient H2 binding to their [NiFe] active site are not properly understood. Here, we present crystallographic and vibrational‐spectroscopic insights into the unexplored structure of the H2‐binding [NiFe] intermediate. Using an F420‐reducing [NiFe]‐hydrogenase from Methanosarcina barkeri as a model enzyme, we show that the protein backbone provides a strained chelating scaffold that tunes the [NiFe] active site for efficient H2 binding and conversion. The protein matrix also directs H2 diffusion to the [NiFe] site via two gas channels and allows the distribution of electrons between functional protomers through a subunit‐bridging FeS cluster. Our findings emphasize the relevance of an atypical Ni coordination, thereby providing a blueprint for the design of bio‐inspired H2‐conversion catalysts.
High‐Throughput Ligand Screening Enables the Enantioselective Conjugate Borylation of Cyclobutenones to Access Synthetically Versatile Tertiary Cyclobutylboronates
Authors: Clement Helen A. , Boghi Michele , McDonald Rory M. , Bernier Louise , Coe Jotham W. , Farrell William , Helal Christopher J. , Reese Matthew R. , Sach Neal W. , Lee Jack C. , Hall Dennis G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCyclobutane rings are important in medicinal chemistry, yet few enantioselective methods exist to access this scaffold. In particular, cyclobutylboronates are receiving increasing attention in the literature due to the synthetic versatility of alkylboronic esters and the increasing role of boronic acids in drug discovery. Herein, a conjugate borylation of α‐alkyl,β‐aryl/alkyl cyclobutenones is reported leading to the first synthesis of enantioenriched tertiary cyclobutylboronates. Cyclobutanones with two stereogenic centers are obtained in good to high yield, with high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Vital to this advance are the development of a novel approach to α,β unsymmetrically disubstituted cyclobutenone substrates and the use of a high‐throughput chiral ligand screening platform. The synthetic utility of both the boronic ester and ketone functionalities is displayed, with remarkable chemoselectivity for either group being possible in this small ring scaffold.
Facet‐Dependent On‐Surface Reactions in the Growth of CdSe Nanoplatelets
Authors: Zhu Chenqi , Chen Dongdong , Cao Weicheng , Lai Runchen , Pu Chaodan , Li Jiongzhao , Kong Xueqian , Peng Xiaogang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFacet‐dependent on‐surface reactions are systematically studied on zinc‐blende CdSe nanoplatelets with atomically‐flat {001} basal facets and small yet non‐polar side facets. The on‐surface half‐reactions between the surface Se sites and Cd carboxylates in the solution are qualitatively equivalent to those on the spheroidal counterparts. Conversely, the on‐surface half‐reactions between the surface Cd sites and the activated Se precursors in solution show a strong facet‐dependence, which includes three distinguishable stages. In the first stage, the Se precursors adsorb onto the small and non‐polar side facets of the nanoplatelets. The second stage is initiated by the adsorbed Se precursors at the side‐basal plane edges and proceeds from the edges to the center of the basal planes in quasi‐zeroth‐order kinetics. In the third stage, the nanoplatelets are dismantled, which includes the creation of a hole in the middle and a build‐up of thick edges.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylboration of Alkynes: Synthesis of Highly Versatile Multifunctional Building Blocks
Authors: Rivera‐Chao Eva , Mitxelena Maider , Varela Jesús A. , Fañanás‐Mastral Martín 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe first copper‐catalyzed enantioselective allylboration of alkynes is reported. The method employs a multitasking chiral NHC‐Cu catalyst and provides access to densely functionalized molecules from simple starting materials with excellent levels of chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivity. These multifunctional products display highly versatile reactivity as shown by the synthesis of a variety of non‐racemic molecular scaffolds. DFT calculations were conducted to gain insight into the high selectivity levels of this catalytic process.
Photo‐energy Conversion and Storage in an Aprotic Li‐O2 Battery
Authors: Zhu Zhuo , Shi Xiaomeng , Fan Guilan , Li Fujun , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA photo‐involved Li‐O2 battery with carbon nitride (C3N4) is presented as a bifunctional photocatalyst to accelerate both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. With illumination in a discharge process, photoelectrons generated in the conduction band (CB) of C3N4 are donated to O2 for O2−, which undergoes a second electron reduction to O22− and gives the final product of Li2O2; in a reverse process, holes left behind in the valence band (VB) of C3N4 plus an applied lower voltage than the equilibrium drive the Li2O2 oxidation. The discharge voltage is significantly increased to 3.22 V, surpassing the thermodynamic limit of 2.96 V, and the charge voltage is reduced to 3.38 V. This leads to a record‐high round‐trip efficiency of 95.3 % and energy density increase of 23.0 % compared to that in the dark.
Topochemical Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Phosphides Using Phosphorene Templates
Authors: Yang Sheng , Chen Guangbo , Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Zhang Panpan , Zhang Zhen , Shi Huanhuan , Ma Ji , Zhang Jian , Blom Paul W. M. , Feng Xinliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as a fascinating class of narrow‐gap semiconductors and electrocatalysts. However, they are intrinsic nonlayered materials that cannot be delaminated into two‐dimensional (2D) sheets. Here, we demonstrate a general bottom‐up topochemical strategy to synthesize a series of 2D TMPs (e.g. Co2P, Ni12P5, and CoxFe2−xP) by using phosphorene sheets as the phosphorus precursors and 2D templates. Notably, 2D Co2P is a p‐type semiconductor, with a hole mobility of 20.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 300 K in field‐effect transistors. It also behaves as a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thanks to the charge‐transport modulation and improved surface exposure. In particular, iron‐doped Co2P (i.e. Co1.5Fe0.5P) delivers a low overpotential of only 278 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 that outperforms the commercial Ir/C benchmark (304 mV).
Hydrostibination
Authors: Marczenko Katherine M. , Zurakowski Joseph A. , Bamford Karlee L. , MacMillan Joshua W. M. , Chitnis Saurabh S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA rigid naphthalenediamine framework has been used to prepare antimony hydrides that feature LUMO shapes and energies similar to those found in secondary boranes. By exploiting this feature, we introduce the first examples of uncatalyzed hydrostibination reactions of robust C≡C, C=C, C=O, and N=N bonds as new elementary hydrometalation reactions analogous to hydroboration. These results endorse the notion of a diagonal relationship between the lightest p‐block element and the heaviest Group 15 elements and may lead to the conception of novel reaction chemistry.