bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Genetic Algorithms for the Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Bartlewska-Urban M. , Strzelecki T. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the study described here model calibration was performed employing the inverse analysis using genetic algorithms (GA). The objective of analysis is to determine value of the coefficient of hydraulic conductivity, k. The commonly used method for the determination of coefficient of hydraulic conductivity based on Terzaghi consolidation leads to an underestimation of the value of k as the Terzaghi model does not take into account the deformation of soil skeleton. Here, an alternative methodology based on genetic algorithms is presented for the determination of the basic parameters of Biot consolidation model. It has been demonstrated that genetic algorithms are a highly effective tool enabling automatic calibration based on simple rules. The values of the coefficient of hydraulic conductivity obtained with GA are of at least one order smaller than values obtained with the Terzaghi model.
STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF GAS CONCEPTS
Authors: KÖKSAL Ela Ayşe 
Published: August 2018

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate second year classroom teacher education students’ misconceptions and learning difficulties related to gas concepts. The study was carried out during the last academic year at a state university in Turkey. About 100 second year students were the participants of the study. Gas Concept Test developed by Yalçınkaya (2010) was administered to the students to determine the students’ misconceptions and their understanding of gas concepts. The results revealed that the students had misconceptions, such as gas particles expand when heated, shrink when cooled; particles are unevenly scattered in any enclosed space; particles rise and stay away from heat, etc. The misconceptions and learning difficulties of the classroom teacher students should be remedied by suitable conceptual change strategies. So, these erroneous ideas cannot pass on primary pupils.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STOMACH MUCOSA OF RATS FED WITH GREAT SCALLOP (Pecten maximus)
Authors: MURATLI Aslı , GEZEN Mehmet Rıza 
Published: August 2018

Heavy metals, industrial and household wastes and pesticides are threats for the aquatic ecosystem. Polluted water sources are streaming into the seas and cause pollution in these systems. Dardanelles is exposed to pollution from the Marmara and Black Sea. Our previous studies demonstrated that the water and mollusc from certain regions of the Dardanelles contained heavy metal salts. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the histopathologic changes in the gastric tissues of rats which are fed with great scallop (Pecten maximus) that are collected from the Çardak region of the Dardanelles. Four groups of rats are included in the study, group 1 (n=6), control group fed with standard rat food, group 2 (n=6), 75% great scallop and 25% standard rat food daily, group 3 (n=6), 75% great scallop and 25% standard rat food every two days, group 4 (n=6), 75% great scallop and 25% standard rat food every three days. After the routine histopathologic processing all gastric tissue samples are evaluated in terms of 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunoreactivity with light microscopy and image analysis software. No histopathologic differences found in standard hematoxylin-eosin (H.E.) stained gastric tissue samples of the control group. Second group showed active chronic gastritis, third group showed less inflamation and chronic gastritis compared with the second group and fourth group showed less mononuclear inflammation compared to the second and third groups. In immunohistochemical staining, 8-OHdG immunoreactivity in gastric epithelial cells. 8-OHdG immunoreactivity was negative in stomach tissues in all groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups that were fed every day, every other day and every three days with great scallop (p>0.05). The results of our studies showed that rats fed more with great scallops could produce gastritis in the stomach
THE CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY IN TERMS OF SUSTAINABLE USE POLICIES: A CASE STUDY OF BAYRAMİÇ AYAZMAPINARI NATURAL PARK (ÇANAKKALE, TURKEY)
Authors: KAPTAN AYHAN Çiğdem , KARAKAYA Neşe , KIRIT Nezahat , ÖZDEMİR Erman , YANMAZ Kübra 
Published: August 2018

The idea underlying the understanding of sustainability is that mankind should live in such a way that will not exceed the carrying capacity of the environment in order to support it. That is, the sustainable management of natural resources is the way to attain sustainable development. On the other hand, ecological sustainability can be achieved only through conservation-based scientific approaches. If the problems to be caused by the uncontrolled use of resources are predicted in advance and if planning is made to this end, the sustainable use of protected areas will be possible. The concept of "carrying capacity" and the planning studies carried out within the framework of this concept are also essential to hand protected areas down to the future. According to the World Tourism Organization, the Carrying Capacity is defined as the maximum number of people that may visit a tourism area at the same time, without any destruction of the physical, economic, and sociocultural environments and without any undesirable decrease in visitors’ satisfaction levels. In addition, again the World Tourism Organization also stated that the carrying capacity was fundamental to environmental conservation and sustainable development.
Within the framework of this study, it was intended to determine the carrying capacity of Bayramiç Ayazmapınarı Natural Park, which was taken under conservation with the "Natural Park" status in 2011 and which plays an important role in the economic development of the locality. "The Method of Estimating the Carrying Capacity in Protected Areas", recommended by the IUCN, was employed in the research, which was carried out to ensure the sustainable use of the study area with important natural and cultural landscape assets. As a result of the method, it was established that Bayramiç Ayazmapınarı Natural Park had some intensity of use above its carrying capacity. It was concluded that the intensive tourism activities creating a rather negative situation in terms of the sustainability of resources should be re-planned on the basis of conservation & use. Proposals of conservation policies were made in order to hand the existing natural and cultural landscape assets down to future generations. Furthermore, the incomplete or wrong uses in the area were highlighted and various suggestions were made to this end in the research.
PENINGKATAN FLUENCY DAN ELABORATION DENGAN MODIFIED FREE INQUIRY
Authors: Surur Agus Miftakus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Researchers chose a modified free inquiry model to help improve students’ fluency and elaboration. The purpose of this research is to know the application of modified free inquiry which can improve the student’s fluency and elaboration of students’ thinking on trigonometric material. Research method in this research is qualitative research method and research type is research of class action. The data in this study were obtained from the results of validation, test results, observation of teacher and student activity, and interview result, then apply data triangulation and theory to check the validity of data. The results showed an increase in fluency and elaboration in students. This means that a modified free inquiry model can help improve students’ fluency and elaboration in trigonometric learning. The results are supported by the observation of teacher and student activity that is in accordance with the lesson plan and also the result of the interview which get positive response from the students.
Abstrak:
Peneliti memilih model pembelajaran modified free inquiry untuk membantu meningkatkan fluency dan elaboration siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan modified free inquiry yang dapat meningkatkan fluency dan elaboration berpikir siswa pada materi trigonometri. Metode penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dan jenis penelitiannya adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil validasi, hasil tes, hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa, dan hasil wawancara, kemudian menerapkan triangulasi data dan teori untuk pengecekan keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan fluency dan elaboration pada siswa. Hal ini berarti model pembelajaran modified free inquiry dapat membantu meningkatkan fluency dan elaboration siswa dalam belajar trigonometri. Hasil tersebut didukung dengan hasil observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa yang sudah sesuai dengan rencana pembelajaran dan juga hasil wawancara yang memperoleh respon positif dari siswa.
PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN ANAK JALANAN
Authors: Hidayat M. Arif , Anwar Ali , Hidayah Noer 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: The background of the non-formal education is the improvement of informal education, the complement of formal education. Sanggar itself is a place of art activities, as an effort to improve the skills of the students built studio. To do that research on non-formal education as an effort to improve the skills of street children who become guided in the studio. The type of research used in this study is field research, using a qualitative approach. Data analysis used in this research is descriptive done by data reduction and data exposure. The result of this research is that the Bodol studio provides skills that match the interests and talents possessed by the sanggar children. The skills possessed by the assisted children of the studio are the skills of playing music. Efforts made by the studio to improve skills: provide assistance, have books that can support, the availability of supporting tools and the support of interests and talents owned by the child who became the guard studio.
Abstrak: Latar belakng diselenggarakannya pendidikan non formal ini adalah sebagai peningkatan pendidikan informal, pelengkap pendidikan formal. Sanggar sendiri adalah tempat kegiatan seni, sebagai upaya peningkatan keterampilan anak binaan sanggar. Untuk itu melakukan penelitian tentang pendidikan non formal sebagai upaya peningkatan keterampilan anak jalanan yang menjadi binaan di sanggar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptif yang dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data dan paparan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sanggar sang Bodol memberikan keterampilan yang sesuai dengan minat dan bakat yang dimiliki oleh anak binaan sanggar. Keterampilan yang dimiliki oleh anak binaan sanggar adalah keterampilan bermain musik. Upaya yang dilakukan sanggar untuk meningkatkan keterampilan: memberikan pendampingan, memiliki buku-buku yang dapat menunjang, tersedianya alat-alat penunjang dan pemberian dukungan minat dan bakat yang dimiliki oleh anak yang menjadi binaan sanggar
UPAYA KIAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA KITAB KUNING
Authors: Jabbar Moh. Tasi’ul , Wahidul Anam  , Anis Humaidi  
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Kiai is essentially a title given to someone who has knowledge in the field of religion in this case Islam. For that researchers focused research on: 1) How kiai efforts in improving the ability to read the book yellow santri? 2) What are the factors that support and inhibit the improvement of reading ability of yellow book students ?. Type of research in this thesis is using qualitative approach with case study research design. All data obtained from observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis is done by examining all existing data, data reduction, checking data validity, observation persistence and triangulation. From the research that has been conducted, the research results are 1) Efforts in improving the reading ability of yellow book students, 2) Supporting factors and obstacles are The management of boarding school and Madrasah Diniyah boarding schools are very helpful in the learning process.
Abstrak: Kiai pada hakikatnya adalah gelar yang diberikan kepada seseorang yang mempunyai ilmu dibidang agama dalam hal ini agama Islam. Untuk itu peneliti menfokuskan penelitian pada: 1) Bagaimana upaya kiai dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri? 2) Apa saja faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat dalam peningkatan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri?. Jenis penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan penelitian studi kasus. Seluruh data diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara menelaah seluruh data yang ada, reduksi data, pengecekan keabsahan data, ketekunan pengamatan dan triangulasi. Dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan diperoleh hasil penelitian yaitu, 1) Upaya dalam peningkatan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri, 2) Faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya adalah Adanya kepengurusan pondok pesantren dan kepengurusan Madrasah Diniyah yang sangat membantu dalam proses pembelajaran
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REACT UNTUK MATA PELAJARAN IPA
Authors: Hakim Mukhammad Luqman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract: Instructional model REACT, which is a learning method that relates the lesson taught to the student's daily life, as well as trains them to work in groups to exchange their knowledge. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of contextual learning method model REACT on the science learning outcomes. This research is a part of a quasi-experimental research. The result of learning outcomes analysis of the experimental class and the control class showed that the score of tcount was 5.213 and the probability was 0.000. Because the probability score showed 0.000 less than 0.005, then H0 was rejected. So, it could be concluded that there were significant differences between the learning achievement of the control class and the experiment one. It was known tcount score was 5.213 while ttable was 1.691. Then, based on this data, the t-test was carried out in two sides with the accepted H0 between (-1.691) and (1.691). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis (H0) which states "there is no effect on the use of contextual learning methods model REACT on the science learning achievement of fourth-grade students at SDN Malang" was rejected. It could also be concluded that there is an effect of the use of contextual learning methods model REACT on the science learning achievement of fourth-grade students.
Abstrak: Model pembelajaran REACT merupakan model pembelajaran yang mengaitkan materi pelajaran dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, melatih siswa bekerjasama dalam kelompok untuk bertukar ilmu pengetahuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran kontekstual model REACT terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran IPA.Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment (eksperimen semu). Dari hasil analisis hasil belajar kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diketahui bahwa nilai thitung adalah 5.213 dan probability sebesar 0.000. Karena nilai probability menunjukkan 0.000 kurang dari 0.005 maka H0 ditolak, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Telah diketahui nilai thitung adalah 5.213 sedangkan nilai ttabel adalah 1.691. Berdasarkan hasil intrepretasi data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis (H0) yang menyatakan “tidak ada pengaruh penggunaan metode pembelajaran kontekstual model REACT terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran IPA.
DAMPAK DEVALUASI YUAN TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA PENDEKATAN MODEL PERSAMAAN SIMULTAN
Authors: Ramana Febria , Nasrudin Nasrudin 
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak devaluasi yuan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan skenario simulasi model persamaan simultan dengan metode estimasi Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasil dari analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa devaluasi yuan berdampak signifikan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia melalui jalur perdagangan dan investasi. Pada blok perdagangan, devaluasi yuan menyebabkan ekspor Indonesia ke negara lain mengalami penurunan, terutama ekspor ke China karena devaluasi yuan lebih besar dibandingkan rupiah. Hal ini membuat produk China relatif lebih murah dibandingkan Indonesia. Pada blok investasi, total investasi meningkat karena investor beralih dari China ke Indonesia yang didorong tingkat pengembalian modal di China menurun. Sementara itu, pada blok moneter, nilai rupiah dan PDB Indonesia menurun akibat penurunan net ekspor lebih besar dibandingkan peningkatan FDI. Devaluasi rupiah pun memicu imported inflation. Secara keseluruhan, devaluasi yuan berdampak negatif bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi Indonesia untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap China, terutama dalam perdagangan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan diversifikasi pasar dan peningkatan kualitas produk ekspor. This paper examines and provides an analysis regarding the impact of an economic shock, yuan devaluation, on the Indonesian economy. We analyze a simulation scenario by using simultaneous equation model with two-stage least square (2SLS) method. Empirical findings exhibit that shock has the significant impact on Indonesian economy through both of trade and investment transmissions. In trade block, Indonesian export to China has the most decreasing rather than others countries because of yuan more decrease than rupiah. In investment block, a total of investment gets the impact to rise, particularly in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from China, caused by decreasing wealth of foreign investors in China. Meanwhile, in the monetary block, the value of rupiah and Indonesian GDP simultaneously get the impact to decline, whereas yuan devalution leads Indonesian inflation to rise. Therefore, it is essential for the government to decrease Indonesian dependence on China, particularly in trade block. Some options which government should implement are market diversification and increasing export products quality.
POLICY OPTIONS TO LOWER RICE PRICES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Respatiadi Hizkia , Nabila Hana 
Published: August 2018

Di Indonesia, harga beras membuat 28 juta masyarakat pra-sejahtera menghabiskan nyaris separuh penghasilannya. Menanggapi hal ini, pemerintah menerapkan Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) dan menugaskan Badan Urusan Logistik (Bulog) untuk menstabilkan harga beras. Sebagai salah satu perwujudan tugasnya, Bulog ditunjuk menjadi importir tunggal beras. Kajian ini menganalisis efektiitas HET, kinerja Bulog sebagai importir beras, dan korelasi antara harga beras di Indonesia dan pasar internasional. Makalah ini mengusulkan opsi kebijakan untuk menurunkan harga beras dengan menggarisbawahi potensi perdagangan internasional. Makalah ini menggunakan Error Correction Model (ECM) dan hasil wawancara. Hasilnya: (1) HET menekan para pedagang eceran, sementara para tengkulak, pemilik penggilingan, dan pedagang grosir yang mengambil laba terbesar dari sistem distribusi beras dalam negeri; (2) Akibat kendala birokrasi, Bulog kerap mengimpor beras ketika harga internasional sudah telanjur meningkat; (3) Harga beras di Indonesia terdeviasi dan lebih mahal dibandingkan pasar internasional. Makalah ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah mengkaji HET, memberikan kebebasan kepada Bulog untuk menentukan waktu maupun kuantitas beras yang perlu diimpornya dengan berdasarkan pada analisis pasar, dan membentuk forum konsultasi dengan sektor swasta yang memenuhi syarat. Hal ini akan menjaga harga beras senantiasa kompetitif baik bagi konsumen maupun pedagang eceran, serta akan membawa Indonesia lebih dekat dengan rantai nilai regional. In Indonesia, rice prices cost around 28 million poor nearly half of their income. In response, the government implements price ceiling (HET) and assigns National Logistics Agency (Bulog) to stabilize rice prices. As part of its duties, Bulog was appointed as the sole rice importer. This study analyzed the effectiveness of HET, Bulog’s performance as rice importer, and the correlation between rice prices in Indonesia and in international market. This paper explores policy options to lower rice prices by highlighting the potential of international trade. This study used Error Correction Models (ECM) and semi-structured interviews. The results: (1) HET pressures retailers, while middlemen, rice millers, and wholesalers benefit the most from domestic rice distribution; (2) Due to bureaucratic constraints, Bulog frequently imported rice when international prices were already rising; (3) Rice prices in Indonesia deviate away from and higher than the international market. This paper recommends the government to review HET, to give freedom to Bulog to determine the timing and quantity of rice importation based on its market analysis, and to organize consultative forums with qualified private sector. This will keep the prices competitive for both consumers and retailers and bring Indonesia closer to the regional value chain.
Evaluation of an in vivo model for ventricular shunt infection: a pilot study using a novel antimicrobial-loaded polymer
Authors: Iyer Rajiv R. , Gorelick Noah , Carroll Karen , Blitz Ari M. , Beck Sarah , Garrett Caroline M. , Monroe Audrey , Tyler Betty , Zuckerman Sean T. , Capadona Jeffrey R. , von Recum Horst A. , Luciano Mark G. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEVentricular shunt infection remains an issue leading to high patient morbidity and cost, warranting further investigation. The authors sought to create an animal model of shunt infection that could be used to evaluate possible catheter modifications and innovations.METHODSThree dogs underwent bilateral ventricular catheter implantation and inoculation with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In 2 experimental animals, the catheters were modified with a polymer containing chemical “pockets” loaded with vancomycin. In 1 control animal, the catheters were polymer coated but without antibiotics. Animals were monitored for 9 to 11 days, after which the shunts were explanted. MRI was performed after shunt implantation and prior to catheter harvest. The catheters were sonicated prior to microbiological culture and also evaluated by electron microscopy. The animals’ brains were evaluated for histopathology.RESULTSAll animals underwent successful catheter implantation. The animals developed superficial wound infections, but no neurological deficits. Imaging demonstrated ventriculitis and cerebral edema. Harvested catheters from the control animal demonstrated > 104 colony-forming units (CFUs) of S. aureus. In the first experimental animal, one shunt demonstrated > 104 CFUs of S. aureus, but the other demonstrated no growth. In the second experimental animal, one catheter demonstrated no growth, and the other grew trace S. aureus. Brain histopathology revealed acute inflammation and ventriculitis in all animals, which was more severe in the control.CONCLUSIONSThe authors evaluated an animal model of ventricular shunting and reliably induced features of shunt infection that could be microbiologically quantified. With this model, investigation of pathophysiological and imaging correlates of infection and potentially beneficial shunt catheter modifications is possible.