bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health status and pattern of tobacco use among Tuberculosis patients
Authors: Kunkulol Trishala Rahul , Viragi Prashant Shrikant , Kunkulol Rahul Rajendra , Narwane Sandeep Prakash 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Our study aimed to assess the oral health status and pattern of tobacco use among Tuberculosis (TB) tobacco patients visiting a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods:
The study was conducted on 100 TB patients using tobacco and undergoing anti-tubercular therapy, who were willing to participate in the study and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic profiles, oral examination findings, and data related to tobacco use were recorded.

Results:
The most common age group of TB tobacco patients was between 61 and 70 years. Red/white patches were observed in 70 patients, with the most common site being buccal mucosa of the oral cavity. Seventy-four patients used smokeless tobacco, among which 38 were chewing tobacco, 29 used tobacco mishri, and 7 used gutka. Peer pressure was found to be the most common factor responsible for the start of tobacco use.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the need for intervention strategies for tobacco use among TB patients to improve their oral health status.
An in vitro estimation of pH of mainstream smoke from smoked tobacco products using a custom fabricated smoking device – A pilot study
Authors: Keerthana S. , Jacob Mathew , Sowndarya S. , Fenn Saramma Mathew , Aswin B. A. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
External factors, namely, nutrition, microorganisms, temperature, and cigarette use, have an impact on the oral pH. This influence is counteracted by saliva, which maintains the pH within the range of 6.2–7.6. One aspect contributing to this balance is tobacco preferences, which are influenced by delivery methods and popularity, ultimately leading to pH alterations. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the pH levels of the mainstream smoke emitted from three smoked tobacco products; beedis, filtered cigarettes, and unfiltered cigarettes.

Material and Methods:
The study comprises of three groups of 25 samples each: unfiltered and filtered cigarettes and beedis. A custom-fabricated apparatus was developed to estimate the mainstream smoke pH. The device consists of a disposable plastic container with two holes on top for flexible plastic tubing. One tubing end goes into distilled water while the other attaches to the heated tobacco product (HTP), directing smoke into the water. A 5 mL disposable syringe simulates inhalation, creating negative pressure in the water. The pH of the collected smoke was measured with a digital pH meter. The mainstream smoke was standardized using the international organization for standardization and federal trade commission cigarette filter test method smoking regimens, with one puff per minute, 35 mL volume over 2 s, to a defined butt length.

Results:
The study revealed that filtered and unfiltered cigarettes had lower pH levels than beedis, with acidic pH for cigarettes (unfiltered – 6.286, filtered – 6.057) and alkaline pH for beedis (7.253).

Conclusion:
According to the study, the pH of mainstream smoke from HTPs deviates from the physiological range of the oral cavity. Continuous exposure of saliva to this smoke not only interacts synergistically with carcinogens in these products but it is also one of the techniques employed by manufacturers for increasing absorption into the bloodstream.
Tubercular arachnoiditis: A rare culprit of paraparesis in a young adult – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Kumar Jiwesh , Roy Kaushik , Chakraborty Abhirup , Patra Ritankar 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The prevalence of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) is about 1–2% of all TB cases. Atypical cases like the present case, being interpreted as leptomeningeal metastasis in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can pose a dilemma, delaying or even leading to mistreatment.

Case Description:
A 19-year-old male presented with acute onset paraparesis and bowel bladder involvement presented with an MRI lumbar spine suggesting leptomeningeal metastasis from D11–L5 levels who underwent decompression biopsy which on histopathological examination revealed to be tubercular granulomatous infection. Anti-tubercular drug (ATD) started, and significant improvement was seen in the lower limb power and tone. The outcome of treatment has been unpredictable. Previous case studies having neurological deficits due to severe compression, including ours, show good recovery after surgical decompression and ATD regime.

Conclusion:
Such cases should be managed with high suspicion as they can be easily misdiagnosed to be tumors, leading to mistreatment or delayed treatment.
Dynamic changes of abnormal muscle response during decompression procedures in double compression-type hemifacial spasm
Authors: Fujii Keita , Mori Kentaro , Tamase Akira , Shima Hiroshi , Nomura Motohiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurovascular movement caused by vascular compression of the facial nerve in its root exit zone (REZ). Cases of HFS caused by double compression (DC) in both REZ and the cisternal portion (CP) have been sporadically reported. The nature of DC-type HFS is still not fully understood. Compression in CP is often overlooked, resulting in reoperation in DC-type HFS cases.

Case Description:
A 48-year-old man with a 3-year history of left HFS was admitted to our department. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the vertebral artery (VA) passed around REZ of the facial nerve, and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) was in contact with the facial nerve in CP. Microvascular decompression was performed while monitoring any abnormal muscle response (AMR). Although VA was dissected and detached from REZ, AMR showed only a transient decrease and the amplitude of the AMR wave soon recovered and subsequently increased. No other vessels compressing REZ beneath VA were found. AICA attached to the facial nerve in CP and was compressed upward by VA. When AICA was moved from the facial nerve in CP after the transposition of VA, AMR was immediately resolved. After surgery, the patient was completely free from HFS.

Conclusion:
In DC-type HFS, precise preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative identification of the culprit vessel are difficult. In DC-type HFS, decompression of one side of a vessel may exacerbate the compression of the other side. In such a case, AMR helps us become aware of compressions in CP that we may preoperatively overlook. AMR is useful for identifying the exact culprit vessels and recognizing any compression changes caused by intraoperative manipulations.
Management of complex vertebral artery anatomy in craniocervical surgery: A case report
Authors: Elhassan Yasir Hassan , Tandon Asheesh , Abdulghani Yasser Seddeg 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The surgery on the craniocervical junction is associated with complex techniques that endanger the vertebral artery (VA), especially if there are some anatomical variations present, thereby increasing the risk of vascular injury, particularly during cervical decompression or instrumentation.

Case Description:
A case of a 60-year-old female with progressive myelopathy and craniocervical junction malformation is presented. Key preoperative imaging findings included basilar invagination, C1 assimilation, and os odontoideum, along with VA anomalies such as a tortuous, hypoplastic left VA arising anomalously from the aortic arch and a right VA with a V2 segment forming a high-riding medial loop into the C2 vertebral body. The surgical procedure was performed through a posterior approach using C-arm fluoroscopy, Doppler ultrasound, and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, which achieved adequate deformity fixation and anterior decompression.

Conclusion:
Computed tomography angiography is the gold standard for assessing the preoperative VA anatomy at the craniocervical junction. Intraoperative Doppler ultrasound is invaluable because it minimizes the risk of sudden accidental injury to VAs in cases with abnormal anatomies.
Formant indicators of «velarization». Part II
Authors: Urtegeshev N. S. 
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the study of the problem of determining velarization from acoustic data and its relationship to articulation continues. The purpose of the study is to identify different types of “velarization”, their articulation and acoustic description. In the course of the study, the methods used at the V.M. Nadelyaev LFEI of the sector of languages of the peoples of Siberia of the IFL SB RAS (Novosibirsk), as well as in the LEFI of the Department of Foreign Languages of the AmSU (Blagoveshchensk). The object of the study is dynamic speech. The subject of the study is “velarization” in languages of different families. The material for the analysis was static and somatic MRI scans and audio recordings recorded at different times by employees (including the author of this work) of the V.M. Nadelyaev LEFI, made on time and after tomography from the appropriate media. Scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the study: the correlation between F2, articulation and auditory perception of amplifying articulation of hardness – “velarization” is presented for the first time. The materials and results of the research can be used to develop textbooks on general phonetics, at seminars on dynamic speech analysis, and when writing scientific articles on experimental phonetics. The main conclusions presented in this paper are: 1) analysis of somatic material revealed two types of “velarization”: with a deflection on the front of the back of the tongue (“coarsening” of the consonant is stronger) and without; 2) in “velarized” consonants, the graduated opposition to the rise of the back of the tongue is indifferent.
The functioning of paired words in a poem by Novikov-Kyunnyuk Uurastyrov «Communist Semyon»
Authors: Gulyaeva N. V. , Filippov G. G. 
Published: November 2024

The study was an attempt to reveal the role of using paired words by the people’s poet Vladimir Novikov-Kyunnyuk Uurastyrov in the poem “Communist Semyon”. An analysis of the use of paired words in fiction allows us to understand their semantic meaning, impact on the reader, and their role in the narrative. Paired words can create a certain atmosphere, convey a certain mood, or highlight the central idea of a work. Especially in poetry and prose, the effective use of paired words plays a key role in conveying the imagery, mood, and ideas of the author. Revealing the peculiarities of the functioning of paired words in fiction is one of the important current tasks of studying the language of fiction. As a result of the study, it was revealed that paired words are complex unities with emotional-expressive and modal-collective meanings, introducing additional stylistic colors to the lexical and grammatical meanings of sentences.
Bilingual signage at state and municipal institutions: the case of the Central District of Yakutsk
Authors: Ivanova S. V. 
Published: November 2024

In accordance with Article 35 of the Law on Languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), signs with the names of state and municipal institutions must contain information in the state languages of the republic: Russian and Yakut. The analysis of bilingual signs and the development of norms and rules for translating the nominations of the linguistic landscape in the Yakut language are especially relevant for the correct design of the texts of the signs of official authorities. The purpose of this article is to conduct a linguistic analysis of the texts of signs of state institutions of the Central District of Yakutsk. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were completed: 1) collection and processing of the material; 2) linguistic analysis of the texts of signs in the Yakut language to identify grammatical errors; 3) classification of errors into groups: a) graphic and spelling errors; b) lexical errors; c) syntactic errors and b) stylistic errors; 4) development of recommendations for correcting the texts of signs in the Yakut language. Research methods: data processing and analysis, comparison and description. The study showed that in the linguistic landscape of the Central District of Yakutsk, the main requirements of Article 35 of the Law on Languages of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) regarding the signs of official institutions are observed. Thus, most municipal educational institutions, government institutions, cultural, sports institutions, etc. of this district of Yakutsk have bilingual signs. The main reason for the mistakes made in the translation of official signs into the Yakut language is that the compilers of the Yakut texts do not observe the literary and usal norms of the modern Yakut language. The use of several variants of the names of institutions when translating the official signs of the Central District of Yakutsk shows the lack of a unified terminology in the Yakut language, which today is a problem of Yakut linguistics. The proposed correct translation can be used in the design or correction of bilingual signs of other institutions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
УЧЁТ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ ПРИ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ БАЛАНСОВ
Authors: Е.В. Любимова 
Published: November 2024

Ускоряющееся развитие нетрадиционной возобновляемой энергетики обусловливает необходимость внесения корректив как в состав моделей энергетических балансов, где ранее они не были отражены в полной мере, так и в методику прогнозирования отдельных балансовых показателей. Описывается модификация созданных в ИЭОПП СО РАН мультиметодных моделей среднесрочного прогнозирования региональных топливно-энергетических балансов. Обсуждаются сложности пополнения информационных баз моделей и возможные пути их преодоления. Приводится результат использования модели по оценке сбалансированности планового задания по вводу станций на возобновляемых источниках энергии.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: О.А. Клименко 
Published: November 2024

Проникновение информационных и телекоммуникационных технологий в промышленность, сельское хозяйство, медицину, образование, логистику и другие области человеческой деятельности привели к возникновению цифровой экономики. В статье выполнен обзор математических задач, роль которых очень возросла за последнее десятилетие в связи с тенденцией всеобщей цифровизации. В целом, можно выделить два больших класса задач: построение математических моделей или цифровых двойников реальных объектов (природных и искусственных) и задача обработки больших объемов данных.
ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ НА РЫНОК ТРУДА РЕГИОНОВ
Authors: М.В. Рыбкина , Н.А. Ананьева 
Published: November 2024

Одна из основных целей региональной политики ‒ вывести экономику региона на стабильный и оптимальный уровень за счет развития цифровой экономики. Цель исследования данной темы ‒ выявление основных тенденций влияния уровня цифровизации региональной экономики на рынок труда. Представлена динамика основных социально-экономических показателей. Проведен анализ численности населения по регионам. Рассмотрены ключевые проблемы развития рынка труда в условиях формирования цифровой экономики, которая диктует всем регионам схему развития новых направлений в экономической сфере. Исследовано влияние цифровой экономики на состояние рынка труда и показан ряд его новых особенностей. Проведен сравнительный анализ Ульяновской, Пензенской, Самарской, Саратовской областей и Чувашской Республики. Показано, как изменения, связанные с цифровой экономикой, влияют на переподготовку и подготовку кадров. Обобщены существующие взгляды влияния цифровой экономики на развитие рынка труда и его направленность. Предлагаются меры по решению проблем, выявленных в результате исследования.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONNECTING, EXTENDING, REVIEW (CER) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Junaede Harisma , Paronda Naimah , Asfar Andi Muhammad Irfan Taufan , Aisyah Aisyah , Nursyam Aisyah 
Published: November 2024

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran Connecting, Extending, Review (CER) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment desain nonequivalent control group desaign dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA MA As’adiyah Mattirowalie Kabupaten Bone dan sampel terdiri dari kelas XI MIPA 1 dan kelas XI MIPA 2 ditentukan dengan teknik sampling jenuh. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes soal kemampuan berpikir kritis, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar observasi aktifitas siswa dan angket respons siswa. Tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dilakukan dengan tahap pre-test dan post-test, baik pada kelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata untuk hasil pre-test dan post-test kelas eksperimen adalah 40,68 dan 82,95. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata untuk hasil pre-test dan post-test kelas kontrol adalah 40,91 dan 72,50. Pengolahan data dianalisis menggunakan alat bantu SPSS dengan uji Mann-Whitney pada α (0,05) diperoleh nilai Asymp.sig (2-tailed) post-test 0,05 yaitu sebesar 0,000 yang berarti H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Connecting, Extending. Review (CER) efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Selanjutnya diperoleh hasil uji effect size sebesar 1,12 yang artinya termasuk dalam kategori besar, rata-rata hasil analisis keterlaksanaan pembelajaran sebesar 95,98% (Kategori Sangat Baik) dan rata-rata hasil analisis aktivitas siswa sebesar 96,02% (Kategori Sangat Baik), serta persentase respons siswa terhadap model pembelajaran CER diperoleh hasil sebesar 82,09% (Kategori Sangat Efektif). Berdasakan penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Connecting, Extending. Review (CER) efektif terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa kelas XI MIPA MA As’adiyah Mattirowalie Kabupaten Bone.
ANALISIS PERSEPSI GURU MATEMATIKA TINGKAT SMP -SMA SEDERAJAT DI KECAMATAN SOCAH TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN TIK UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Priandini Erlina Sulis , Faulina Ria 
Published: November 2024

Teknologi Informasi dan Teknologi (TIK) berperan penting bagi guru dalam segala aspek. Berbagai media TIK dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan, merangsang proses belajar siswa, dan memberikan peluang kepada peserta didik untuk mempelajari konsep secara lebih mendalam terhadap materi yang susah dipahami khususnya matematika. Sehingga peneliti ingin mengetahui persepsi guru matematika dalam penggunaan TIK, guna memberikan gambaran pentingnya TIK dalam proses pebelajaran. Jenis penelitian ini berupa mixed method dengan subjek penelitian 10 guru Matematika tingkat SMP dan 5 guru Matematika tingkat SMA sederajat di kecamatan Socah mengenai persepsi guru matematika dalam penggunaan TIK. Teknik pengumpulan data dimulai dari observasi, lalu penyebaran keisioner, dan pelaksanaan wawancara. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa lembar angket dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan statistika deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa persepsi guru terkait pemahaman TIK masuk dalam kategori cukup tinggi dengan rentang skor 75% - 100%. Hal ini dikuatkan pula dengan hasil wawancara dimana guru mampu menggunakan LCD serta membuat media pembelajaran digital sendiri. Namun kendala yang dialami yaitu sarana dan prasarana di sekolah belum memenuhi, seperti kurangnya LCD, komputer, serta didorong faktor siswa kurang paham dalam penggunaan TIK. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa persepsi guru matematika terhadap TIK dalam pembelajaran sangat penting untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.
KEEFEKTIFAN COMPUTATIONAL THINKING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Kaswar Andi Baso , Nurjannah Nurjannah 
Published: November 2024

Computational Thinking merupakan kemampuan dasar berpikir untuk siswa serta guru dimana kemampuan tersebut dapat memberikan pola pikir yang baru untuk memperoleh pemecahan masalah serta untuk mengembangkan peluang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas computational thinking terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pretest postest control grup desain. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang diperoleh berdasarkan soal-soal computational thinking yang dikembangkan oleh Bebras. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan uji paired sample t test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan paired sample t-test diperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,000. Karena nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dibanding maka dapat dikatakan bahwa computational thinking efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Dengan demikian, kemampuan computational thinking tidak hanya meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa, tetapi juga mempersiapkan mereka untuk menghadapi tantangan dalam berbagai bidang studi dan situasi kehidupan nyata yang memerlukan pemikiran kritis, kreatif, dan terstruktur.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING
Authors: Manalu Elsadday Br , Nurdalilah Nurdalilah , Wardani Hizmi , Hasanah Wilda , Hasugian Grace Stela Lely 
Published: November 2024

Penelitiaan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik menggunakan model pendekatan problem based learning. Subjek penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X AKL 1 SMK Negeri 7 Medan yang berjumlah 36 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, yaitu siklus pertama terdiri dari dua pertemuan, siklus kedua terdiri dari dua pertemuan, dan siklus ketiga terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi, tes siklus, angket respon siswa, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir matematis siswa kelas X AKL 1 SMK Negri 7 Medan meningkat dibandingkan pada Siklus I, Siklus II dan Siklus III. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh 32 siswa atau 89% mengalami peningkatan kemampuan berpikir matematis berdasarkan total skor setiap dimensi kemampuan berpikir matematis. Rata-rata persentase hasil tes meningkat dari 45,95% pada Siklus I menjadi 73,41% pada Siklus II dan 89,52% pada kategori tinggi pada Siklus III. Berdasarkan observasi, pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PBL sudah baik dan sesuai dengan karakteristik PBL. Hal ini tercermin dari peningkatan rata-rata tingkat keterlaksanaan dari 71,43% pada Siklus I menjadi 85,71% pada Siklus II dan 100% pada Siklus III. Berdasarkan data wawancara dan angket, respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir matematis tercatat mengalami peningkatan dari Siklus I, Siklus II, dan Siklus III. Model PBL menunjukkan respon positif pembelajaran matematika pada siswa sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis.