bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species occurrence data reflect the magnitude of animal movements better than the proximity of animal space use
Authors: Stewart Frances E. C. , Fisher Jason T. , Burton A. Cole , Volpe John P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnimal ecologists often use stationary point‐count surveys, such as camera traps, to collect presence–absence data and infer distribution, abundance, and density of species. Rarely do these surveys explicitly consider variations in the magnitude of animal movement despite movement assumptions being implicit in their interpretation. For example, ecologists assume the frequency of species detections at a site is associated with the intensity of local space use, but it may be more indicative of transit through that point en route to other areas. This assumption remains untested, and a resolution is critical to accurate interpretation of species occurrence data. We compared fisher (Pekania pennanti) detections collected from a camera trap array with detailed Global Positioning System‐telemetry data to test whether, at the population level, the spatial and temporal patterns of detections reflected the proximity of space use to sampling sites, or variability in the magnitude of animal movement across the study area. We also used an occupancy modeling framework to quantify the relative contributions of space use proximity and movement magnitude to estimated probabilities of site occupancy and detectability. We demonstrate that, at the population level, detection frequency and estimates of detection probability and occupancy are more closely associated with the magnitude of animal movement around a survey device than the proximity of animal space use. Variations in the magnitude of animal movement within and between species should receive greater consideration when interpreting occurrence data to correctly infer ecological processes. Not accounting for species movement, especially in multi‐species surveys, may bias inferences of ecologic processes and result in misspecified management recommendations.
The origins and early elaboration of projectile technology
Authors: O'Driscoll Corey A. , Thompson Jessica C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability of Homo sapiens to kill prey at a distance is arguably one of the catalysts for our current ecological dominance. Many researchers have suggested its origins lie in the African Middle Stone Age or the European Middle Palaeolithic (∼300‐30 thousand years ago), but the perishable components of armatures rarely preserve. Most research on this subject therefore emphasises analysis of armature tip size, shape, and diagnostic impacts or residues. Other lines of evidence have included human skeletal anatomy or analyses of the species composition of faunal assemblages. Projectile Impact Marks (PIMs) on archaeofaunal remains offer an ideal complement to this work, but their potential has been restricted mainly to the later Eurasian zooarchaeological record. A review of current evidence and approaches shows that systematic PIM research could add much to our understanding of early projectile technology, especially in Africa.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Reduces Amyloid β‐Induced Neurotoxicity via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Du Ke , Liu Mingyan , Zhong Xin , Yao Weifan , Xiao Qinghuan , Wen Quan , Yang Bo , Wei Minjie 
Published: February 2018

ScopeWe investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the protective effects of EGCG against the neuronal apoptosis in Aβ1‐42‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells and APP/PS1 transgenic mice.Methods and resultsCell viability (CCK8 assay), flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and western blotting were used. EGCG prevented Aβ1‐42‐induced toxicity in SH‐SY5Y cells, increased cell viability, and decreased apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. In a subsequent mechanism study, it was found that this effect contributed to the down‐regulation of GRP78, CHOP, cleaved‐caspase‐12 and ‐3. Moreover, EGCG also reduced the cytotoxicity induced by tunicamycin (TM) and thapsigargin (TG), two ER stress activators. Consistent with the in vitro study, EGCG inhibited neuronal apoptosis in the cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, with the mitigation of ER abnormal ultrastructural swelling and the downregulation of ER‐stress‐associated proteins.ConclusionThese results indicate that EGCG attenuates the neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) via a novel mechanism that involves inhibition of ER‐stress‐associated neuronal apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the tremendous potential of EGCG for use in a nutritional preventive strategy against AD.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 2
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Sasamoto Yuzuru , Ksander Bruce R. , Frank Markus H. , Frank Natasha Y. 
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Gabriel Gonzalez et al., is based on the Advanced Review Limbal stem cells: identity, developmental origin, and therapeutic potential, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.303.
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ON HETEROGENEITY IN THE INDIVIDUAL MODEL WITH BOTH DEPENDENT CLAIM OCCURRENCES AND SEVERITIES
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Li Xiaohu , Cheung Ka Chun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is a common belief for actuaries that the heterogeneity of claim severities in a given insurance portfolio tends to increase its dangerousness, which results in requiring more capital for covering claims. This paper aims to investigate the effects of orderings and heterogeneity among scale parameters on the aggregate claim amount when both claim occurrence probabilities and claim severities are dependent. Under the assumption that the claim occurrence probabilities are left tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing, the actuaries' belief is examined from two directions, i.e., claim severities are comonotonic or right tail weakly stochastic arrangement increasing. Numerical examples are provided to validate these theoretical findings. An application in assets allocation is addressed as well.
MUTUAL INTERPRETABILITY OF ROBINSON ARITHMETIC AND ADJUNCTIVE SET THEORY WITH EXTENSIONALITY
Authors: DAMNJANOVIC ZLATAN 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn elementary theory of concatenation,QT+, is introduced and used to establish mutual interpretability of Robinson arithmetic, Minimal Predicative Set Theory, quantifier-free part of Kirby’s finitary set theory, and Adjunctive Set Theory, with or without extensionality. The most basic arithmetic and simplest set theory thus turn out to be variants of string theory.
A GRAPH-THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF THE SEMANTIC PARADOXES
Authors: BERINGER TIMO , SCHINDLER THOMAS 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe introduce a framework for a graph-theoretic analysis of the semantic paradoxes. Similar frameworks have been recently developed for infinitary propositional languages by Cook [5, 6] and Rabern, Rabern, and Macauley [16]. Our focus, however, will be on the language of first-order arithmetic augmented with a primitive truth predicate. Using Leitgeb’s [14] notion of semantic dependence, we assign reference graphs (rfgs) to the sentences of this language and define a notion of paradoxicality in terms of acceptable decorations of rfgs with truth values. It is shown that this notion of paradoxicality coincides with that of Kripke [13]. In order to track down the structural components of an rfg that are responsible for paradoxicality, we show that any decoration can be obtained in a three-stage process: first, the rfg is unfolded into a tree, second, the tree is decorated with truth values (yielding a dependence tree in the sense of Yablo [21]), and third, the decorated tree is re-collapsed onto the rfg. We show that paradoxicality enters the picture only at stage three. Due to this we can isolate two basic patterns necessary for paradoxicality. Moreover, we conjecture a solution to the characterization problem for dangerous rfgs that amounts to the claim that basically the Liar- and the Yablo graph are the only paradoxical rfgs. Furthermore, we develop signed rfgs that allow us to distinguish between ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ reference and obtain more fine-grained versions of our results for unsigned rfgs.
The Influence of Traffic, Area Location, and Other Factors on Operating Room Microbial Load
Authors: Taaffe Kevin , Lee Brandon , Ferrand Yann , Fredendall Lawrence , San Dee , Salgado Cassandra , Shvorin Dotan , Khoshkenar Amin , Reeves Scott ,   the Realizing Improved Patient Care through Human-Centered Design in the Operating Room (RIPCHD.OR) Study Group
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVETo determine how the movement of patients, equipment, materials, staff, and door openings within the operating room (OR) affect microbial loads at various locations within the OR.DESIGNObservation and sampling study.SETTINGAcademic health center, public hospital.METHODSWe first analyzed 27 videotaped procedures to determine the areas in the OR with high and low numbers of people in transit. We then placed air samplers and settle plates in representative locations during 21 procedures in 4 different ORs during 2 different seasons of the year to measure microbial load in colony-forming units (CFU). The temperature and humidity, number of door openings, physical movement, and the number of people in the OR were measured for each procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using hierarchical regression.RESULTSThe microbial load was affected by the time of year that the samples were taken. Both microbial load measured by the air samplers and by settle plates in 1 area of the OR was correlated with the physical movement of people in the same area but not with the number of door openings and the number of people in the OR.CONCLUSIONSMovement in the OR is correlated with the microbial load. Establishing operational guidelines or developing OR layouts that focus on minimizing movement by incorporating desirable internal storage points and workstations can potentially reduce microbial load, thereby potentially reducing surgical site infection risk.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:391–397
Reevaluation of Late Pleistocene loess profiles at Remizovka (Kazakhstan) indicates the significance of topography in evaluating terrestrial paleoclimate records
Authors: Sprafke Tobias , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. , Grützner Christoph , Elliot Austin , Marquer Laurent , Nigmatova Saida 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report on a loess-paleosol sequence (LPS) near Remizovka, located in the northern Tian Shan piedmont of southeastern Kazakhstan. This site represents a key record for Late Pleistocene climatic fluctuations at the intersection of major northern hemisphere climate subsystems. This paper develops a synthesized dataset of previous conflicting studies at Remizovka by characterizing their (paleo)topographic context, which had remained previously overlooked. Digital elevation models, satellite images, and archival photography characterize recent topographic developments. Two well-developed pedocomplexes, which we investigate in detail and date by luminescence mark the paleotopography during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Peak dust accumulation rates here occurred during the middle MIS 5 and MIS 4/early MIS 3. These are partially comparable with records from neighboring regions, but not in phase with global ice volume records. This discrepancy may be related to a distinct regional environmental response to larger-scale climatic drivers and local topographic influences on dust deposition patterns. Our findings confirm the potential of the LPS Remizovka to provide high-resolution paleoclimate data for the Late Pleistocene. The three-dimensional stratigraphic reconstruction reinforces the caution required to correctly interpret loess formation processes prior to their interpretation as paleoclimate archives, and provides guidelines for a more suitable approach.
The significance of atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients with epistaxis
Authors: Elwany S , Ibrahim A A , Soliman A I , Bazak R , Ibrahim H A 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground:The relationship between hypertension and epistaxis is controversial and poorly understood. The present research investigated atherosclerosis as a potential risk factor in hypertensive patients with epistaxis.Methods:A prospective study of 141 hypertensive patients with epistaxis was conducted. The laboratory tests included full blood count, lipid profile and coagulation profile. All patients underwent funduscopic examination of the eye and were classified in terms of four retinopathy grades.Results:There were strong positive correlations between the number of nosebleeds and retinopathy grade and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. There were weak correlations between the number of nosebleeds and blood pressure readings and triglycerides levels. Patients with grade III retinopathy, suggesting atherosclerosis, suffered from more frequent nosebleeds than other patients.Conclusion:Atherosclerosis is one of the potential risk factors in hypertensive patients with epistaxis. This may have an impact on treatment choices.
Good correlation between visual analogue scale and numerical rating scale in the assessment of nasal obstruction
Authors: Haye R , Døsen L K , Tarangen M , Shiryaeva O 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjective:Results from telephone interviews may be needed to supplement those from mailed questionnaires when response rates are inadequate. This study assessed the correlation between visual analogue scale ratings used in mailed questionnaires and numerical rating scale scores used in telephone interviews.Methods:Patients scheduled for nasal septal surgery routinely respond to a visual analogue scale of obstruction during the day and at night. In this study, they were also asked to verbally rate their sense of obstruction using whole numbers.Results:There was no significant difference between visual analogue scale and numerical rating scale obstruction scores.Conclusion:Ratings of nasal obstruction obtained with a numerical rating scale in telephone interviews are comparable to visual analogue scale scores in mailed questionnaires.
An event-semantic account of spatial modification in the acquisition of Mandarin
Authors: DENG Xiangjun , YIP Virginia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study investigates Mandarin-speaking children's knowledge of event semantics in interpreting spatial modifiers withzai‘at’ after a posture verb or before a placement verb. The event-semantic principles investigated include subevent modification (Parsons, 1990) and aspect shift (Fong, 1997). We conducted an experimental study using modified forced choice, video choice, and elicited production techniques with five groups of children (two- to six-year-olds) and an adult control group. Three-year-olds were sensitive to the ambiguity ofzai-PPs with placement verbs and posture verbs, suggesting guidance from principles of aspect shift and subevent modification. On the other hand, distributional properties of the input play a role in acquiring the interpretation and word order ofzai: e.g., four-year-olds significantly differed from adults in accepting non-target V-zaisentences, as some verb classes can take postverbal prepositional phrases withzaiwhile others cannot in adult usage.
Chir99021 and Valproic acid reduce the proliferative advantage of Apc mutant cells
Authors: Langlands Alistair J. , Carroll Thomas D. , Chen Yu , Näthke Inke 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMore than 90% of colorectal cancers carry mutations inApcthat drive tumourigenesis. A 'just-right' signalling model proposes thatApcmutations stimulate optimal, but not excessive Wnt signalling, resulting in a growth advantage ofApcmutant over wild-type cells. Reversal of this growth advantage constitutes a potential therapeutic approach. We utilised intestinal organoids to compare the growth ofApcmutant and wild-type cells. Organoids derived fromApcMin/+mice recapitulate stages of intestinal polyposis in culture. They eventually form spherical cysts that reflect the competitive growth advantage of cells that have undergone loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We discovered that this emergence of cysts was inhibited by Chiron99021 and Valproic acid, which potentiates Wnt signalling. Chiron99021 and Valproic acid restrict the growth advantage ofApcmutant cells while stimulating that of wild-type cells, suggesting that excessive Wnt signalling reduces the relative fitness ofApcmutant cells. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that Chiron99021-treatedApcmutant organoids were rendered susceptible to TSA-induced apoptosis, while wild-type cells were protected.
The type 2 diabetes-associated HMG20A gene is mandatory for islet beta cell functional maturity
Authors: Mellado-Gil Jose M. , Fuente-Martín Esther , Lorenzo Petra I. , Cobo-Vuilleumier Nadia , López-Noriega Livia , Martín-Montalvo Alejandro , Gómez Irene de Gracia Herrera , Ceballos-Chávez Maria , Gómez-Jaramillo Laura , Campos-Caro Antonio , Romero-Zerbo Silvana Y. , Rodríguez-Comas Júlia , Servitja Joan-Marc , Rojo-Martinez Gemma , Hmadcha Abdelkrim , Soria Bernat , Bugliani Marco , Marchetti Piero , Bérmudez-Silva Francisco J. , Reyes Jose C. , Aguilar-Diosdado Manuel , Gauthier Benoit R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHMG20A (also known as iBRAF) is a chromatin factor involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. Recently small nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HMG20A gene have been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) yet neither expression nor function of this T2DM candidate gene in islets is known. Herein we demonstrate that HMG20A is expressed in both human and mouse islets and that levels are decreased in islets of T2DM donors as compared to islets from non-diabetic donors. In vitro studies in mouse and human islets demonstrated that glucose transiently increased HMG20A transcript levels, a result also observed in islets of gestating mice. In contrast, HMG20A expression was not altered in islets from diet-induced obese and pre-diabetic mice. The T2DM-associated rs7119 SNP, located in the 3′ UTR of the HMG20A transcript reduced the luciferase activity of a reporter construct in the human beta 1.1E7 cell line. Depletion of Hmg20a in the rat INS-1E cell line resulted in decreased expression levels of its neuronal target gene NeuroD whereas Rest and Pax4 were increased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of HMG20A with the Pax4 gene promoter. Expression levels of Mafa, Glucokinase, and Insulin were also inhibited. Furthermore, glucose-induced insulin secretion was blunted in HMG20A-depleted islets. In summary, our data demonstrate that HMG20A expression in islet is essential for metabolism-insulin secretion coupling via the coordinated regulation of key islet-enriched genes such as NeuroD and Mafa and that depletion induces expression of genes such as Pax4 and Rest implicated in beta cell de-differentiation. More importantly we assign to the T2DM-linked rs7119 SNP the functional consequence of reducing HMG20A expression likely translating to impaired beta cell mature function.
Norisoboldine, a natural AhR agonist, promotes Treg differentiation and attenuates colitis via targeting glycolysis and subsequent NAD+/SIRT1/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 signaling pathway
Authors: Lv Qi , Wang Kai , Qiao Simiao , Yang Ling , Xin Yirong , Dai Yue , Wei Zhifeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNorisoboldine (NOR), a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, has been demonstrated to attenuate ulcerative colitis (UC) and induce the generation of Treg cells. Under UC condition, hypoxia widely exists in colonic mucosa, and secondary changes of microRNAs (miRs) expressions and glycolysis contribute to Treg differentiation. At present, we worked for exploring the deep mechanisms for NOR-promoted Treg differentiation in hypoxia and its subsequent anti-UC action from the angle of AhR/miR or AhR/glycolysis axis. Results showed that NOR promoted Treg differentiation in hypoxia and the effect was stronger relative to normoxia. It activated AhR in CD4+ T cells under hypoxic microenvironment; CH223191 (a specific AhR antagonist) and siAhR-3 abolished NOR-promoted Treg differentiation. Furthermore, the progress of glycolysis, levels of Glut1 and HK2, and expression of miR-31 rather than miR-219 and miR-490 in CD4+ T cells were downregulated by NOR treatment under hypoxic microenvironment. However, HK2 plasmid but not miR-31 mimic significantly interfered NOR-enhanced Treg polarization. In addition, NOR reduced NAD+ and SIRT1 levels, facilitated the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of SUV39H1 protein, and inhibited the enrichment of H3K9me3 at −1, 201 to −1,500 region of Foxp3 promoter in CD4+ T cells under hypoxic microenvironment, which was weakened by HK2 plasmid, CH223191, and siAhR-3. Finally, the correlation between NOR-mediated activation of AhR, repression of glycolysis, regulation of NAD+/SIRT1/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 signals, induction of Treg cells, and remission of colitis was confirmed in mice with DSS-induced colitis by using CH223191 and HK2 plasmid. In conclusion, NOR promoted Treg differentiation and then alleviated the development of colitis by regulating AhR/glycolysis axis and subsequent NAD+/SIRT1/SUV39H1/H3K9me3 signaling pathway.
Transcriptional repression of DNA repair genes is a hallmark and a cause of cellular senescence
Authors: Collin Guillaume , Huna Anda , Warnier Marine , Flaman Jean-Michel , Bernard David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCellular senescence response is (i) activated by numerous stresses, (ii) is characterized by a stable proliferation arrest, and (iii) by a set of specific features. Timely regulated senescence is thought to be beneficial, whereas chronic senescence such as during normal or premature aging is deleterious as it favors most, if not all, age-related diseases. In this study, using in-house or publicly available microarray analyses of transcriptomes of senescent cells, as well as analyses of the level of expression of several DNA repair genes by RT-qPCR and immunoblot, we show that repression of DNA repair gene expression is associated with cellular senescence. This repression is mediated by the RB/E2F pathway and it may play a causal role in senescence induction, as single DNA repair gene repression by siRNA induced features of premature senescence. Importantly, activating RB independently of direct DNA damage also results in repression of DNA repair genes and in the subsequent induction of DNA damage and senescence. The dogma is that DNA damage observed during cellular senescence is directly provoked by DNA lesions following genotoxic attack (UV, IR, and ROS) or by induction of replicative stress upon oncogenic activation. Our in vitro results support a largely unsuspected contribution of the loss of DNA repair gene expression in the induction and the accumulation of the DNA damage observed in most, if not all, kinds of cellular senescence, and thus in the induction of cellular senescence. Further demonstration using in vivo models will help to generalize our findings.