bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septum pellucidum pilocytic astrocytoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Fakhroo Fatima A. , Almutairi Meshari , Baeshen Salem , Almutairi Othman , Alkhalidi Hisham , Ajlan Abdulrazaj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Septum pellucidum pilocytic astrocytoma is rare. There are only 3 reported cases in literature. Our patient is the fourth case.

Case presentation
A 17-year-old male presented with headache. CT brain and MRI brain showed septum pellucidum lesion with obstructive hydrocephalus which looked like colloid cyst. Intraoperatively, the tumor was attached to the lower part of septum pellucidum and it didn’t look like a colloid cyst. Histopathology was pilocytic astrocytoma. Postoperatively, patient recovered well with no neurological deficits or adverse neurological sequalae.

Conclusion
Septum pellucidum pilocytic astrocytoma should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis of septum pellucidum tumors. We observed that the interhemispheric transcallosal transventricular approach might be associated with lesser comorbidities and neurological deficits in tumors in this location.
Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: genetic control mechanisms and therapeutic advances
Authors: Zhao Yuanjing , Xu Haoran , Wang Hui , Wang Ping , Chen Simin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen, and its complex mechanisms of antibiotic resistance pose a challenge to modern medicine. This literature review explores the advancements made from 1979 to 2024 in understanding the regulatory networks of antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a particular focus on the molecular underpinnings of these resistance mechanisms. The review highlights four main pathways involved in drug resistance: reducing outer membrane permeability, enhancing active efflux systems, producing antibiotic-inactivating enzymes, and forming biofilms. These pathways are intricately regulated by a combination of genetic regulation, transcriptional regulators, two-component signal transduction, DNA methylation, and small RNA molecules. Through an in-depth analysis and synthesis of existing literature, we identify key regulatory elements mexT, ampR, and argR as potential targets for novel antimicrobial strategies. A profound understanding of the core control nodes of drug resistance offers a new perspective for therapeutic intervention, suggesting that modulating these elements could potentially reverse resistance and restore bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. The review looks forward to future research directions, proposing the use of gene editing and systems biology to further understand resistance mechanisms and to develop effective antimicrobial strategies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review is expected to provide innovative solutions to the problem of drug resistance in infectious diseases.
Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Malignancies, Including Rare Cancers: Results of CheckMate 627, an Adaptive Basket Design Clinical Trial
Authors: Schuler Martin , Berry Donald A. , Burris Howard A. , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Detry Michelle A. , Viele Kert , Ochsenreither Sebastian , Spigel David , Larson Timothy , Kayali Fadi , Schwartzberg Lee , Illert Anna L. , Khan Tariq Aziz , Soskind Rose , Lee Michelle , Forslund Ann , Naing Aung 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

To report on CheckMate 627 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT02832167
), a phase II adaptive basket design trial of nivolumab in uncommon advanced/metastatic tumors.

METHODS
Adults with previously treated advanced/metastatic malignancies received nivolumab 240 mg once every 2 weeks for eight cycles, followed by nivolumab 480 mg once every 4 weeks. The primary end point was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). In addition to observed ORRs, model-adjusted ORRs were estimated via Bayesian analysis in patients who completed ≥28 weeks of follow-up, to correct for variability inherent in multitumor studies. This adaptive model allowed for borrowing of information from other tumors demonstrating similar ORR and evaluation of nivolumab treatment effect versus historical standard-of-care (SOC) controls. Nivolumab was considered to have met the criteria for ORR superiority in a group if there was ≥80% posterior probability of ORR with nivolumab exceeding ORR with historical SOC control treatment in that group.

RESULTS
The study included 25 tumor groups (n = 239), with 24 groups included in the Bayesian ORR analysis (efficacy was reported but not modeled in the other group that contained a mix of tumor types). The poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (PD-NET) group (n = 20) met the prespecified criterion for ORR superiority with a 93% probability of the model-adjusted ORR with nivolumab (22% [95% CI, 8 to 44]) exceeding the respective historical SOC ORR of 10.0%. The observed ORR was 30.0% (95% CI, 11.9 to 54.3). There were no new safety signals for nivolumab.

CONCLUSION
Nivolumab showed evidence of antitumor activity in patients with advanced/metastatic PD-NET in CheckMate 627. The results of this study support the use of an adaptive basket design for identification of rare cancers responsive to immunotherapy.
Dialect Bias in Automatic Speech Recognition: Analysis of Appalachian English
Authors: Lai Li-Fang , van Hell Janet G. , Lipski John 
Published: November 2024

The rise of artificial intelligence has prompted increased scrutiny of systemic biases in automatic speech recognition technologies. One focal topic of discussion has been the degraded performance for speakers of African American and Southern U.S. English. This study aims to contribute to the research on bias in voice-AI by investigating speech recognition performance for Appalachian English, an often-stigmatized variety in American society. Participants were recruited from Southern Appalachia (Eastern Tennessee), with a non-Southern Appalachian (Central Pennsylvania) sample included as a reference group. The participants read aloud the Goldilocks fairytale and the Rainbow Passage, and the recordings were processed using Dartmouth Linguistic Automation (DARLA).
We conducted two sets of analyses on the vowel phonemes. The first analysis assessed DARLA’s effectiveness in recognizing vowels. The system returned higher phoneme error rates for Southern Appalachian speech compared to the non-Southern dataset. Next, we conducted a detailed error analysis on the misrecognized input-output phoneme pairs. The results suggested dialect bias in the system, with 50.2% of the errors in the Southern dataset attributed to participation in the Southern Vowel Shift. These findings underscore the importance of integrating sociolectal variation into the acoustic model to mitigate dialect bias for currently underserved users.
Hostility, Rivalry, and Resistance
Authors: Wallace Peter G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Peace of Westphalia established 1624 as the normative year for confessional relations within the territories of the Holy Roman Empire, including the imperial estates in Alsace. The treaty also transferred the Habsburgs’ Alsatian lordships and titles to the kings of France. Between 1673 and 1681 Louis XIV brought all the Alsatian states under his sovereignty through military campaigns and negotiations. Though the king outlawed Reformed worship within his kingdom in 1685, Lutheran and Reformed communities within Alsace remained protected by the Westphalian settlement. Royal officials in Alsace still found the means to push a counterreform agenda through imperial legal precedent by instituting the simultaneum: the shared use of churches by different confessional congregations. The policy granted exclusive use of the choir for Catholic services in what had been Protestant churches. Working with archival sources from the Archives Départementales du Haut-Rhin and the Archives de l'Ancien Evêché de Bâle, this article examines the tensions between Catholics and Lutherans that derived from the forced sharing of their churches.
“Just War” and “Conspicuous Sins”
Authors: Casteen Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The cultural logic of slavery as an extension and expression of “just war” shaped the possibilities open to enslaved Muslims in the late medieval Midi, and it shaped how Muslims in French-ruled territories across the Mediterranean were understood. Although there were likely fewer enslaved people in the Midi than in Iberia or Italy, slavery played an important role in the cultural imaginary of the Midi's cities, as it did in the broader Mediterranean world—including the extensive Angevin realm that connected Provence to Naples. Indeed slavery, as a component of crusading and expression of Christian victory, was vital to communal self-definition in what is now southern France. The sexual coercion and commodification of enslaved women in particular tied the Midi and the Francophone Mediterranean cultural zone of which it was an integral part to a broader culture of slaving and crusading, and it helped define the communal integrity and identity of cities across Languedoc and Provence. Rather than being the exclusive preserve of elites and aristocrats and therefore largely insignificant for the cities of the Midi, slavery played a pivotal role in delineating the boundaries of the Christian community and shaping sexual ethics in cities where enslaved people were present.
On Cultivation (2002, 2023)
Authors: Davis Natalie Zemon , Perl Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Half of this piece appeared under the title “Postscript on Cultivation: Editorial Note” in Common Knowledge 8, no. 2 (spring 2002), and half was written in 2023 by one of the coauthors as a posthumous tribute to the other. The historian Natalie Zemon Davis died on the fourteenth day of the latest war between Hamas and Israel in Gaza. The relevance of “Postscript,” which was written following the attacks by al-Qaeda in the United States on September 11, 2001, is that it redirects the attention of scholars from the battlefield and mass media to the ivory towers in which intellectuals are sometimes said to hide. Cultivated civilians ought to know that cultures strive to erase one another in ways vile but unsurprising. Those who learn history expect atrocity and should busy themselves less with assignment of blame than with archaeology, the preservation of objects, the collection of reports and stories, and the reinforcement — by retiring from the streets into libraries and other spaces of patient cooperation — of the partition between barbarism and civilization. With reference to the religious wars of the sixteenth century, during which — Davis showed in a famous essay — Catholics and Protestants fought each other by day but met by night to collect and distribute alms, Perl commends the urge to withdraw from both combat and protest into institutions doing good works quietly.
Julian of Norwich's Hazelnut as Paradox
Authors: Bynum Caroline Walker 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using historical rather than philosophical means, this essay responds to a philosophical discussion of the problem of evil. Instead of constructing arguments in support of a general, theoretical position, the author examines a single, paradoxical image from the vision of a medieval anchoress and suggests that those concerned with the problem of evil, including philosophers, should take it seriously. In order to explain or contextualize why, despite the existence of evil, “all will be well . . . and all manner of thing will be well,” Julian of Norwich narrates how, in her vision, God placed in her hand “something small, no bigger than a hazelnut,” which is both contingent and eternal, all and nothing — opposites coexisting. This essay analyzes how Julian's image of the hazelnut as paradoxical is a simultaneity of opposites and argues that paradox, enacted and experienced in ritual, offers a way to assert and live with opposites such as good and evil, life and death, simultaneously.
O conflito geracional e o uso de metodologias ativas no ensino de matemática
Authors: Souza Lana Priscila , Silveira Jucá Sandro César 
Published: November 2024

Um dos desafios para incorporar as metodologias ativas (MA) em sala de aula pode estar relacionado à disparidade geracional entre professores e alunos, pois, a depender da geração que os recebe, alguns métodos de ensino podem já não ser tão viáveis. Tendo por base esse pensamento, o artigo tem o objetivo de analisar as diferenças geracionais entre docentes em Matemática e seus alunos e a forma com que elas impactam a rotina de sala, o planejamento das aulas e o uso de MA. A pesquisa, de natureza aplicada, foi realizada por meio de um questionário. O público alvo é composto por um grupo de 10 professores. Pôde-se observar que metade dos participantes pertencem à geração Y ou Millennials (nascidos entre 1981 e 1996) e fazem parte de uma geração em que fatores como formação educacional e experiências profissionais também desempenham um papel na aceitação e adoção de MA. Os demais participantes pertencem às gerações X ou Z. Como resultado da pesquisa constatou-se, ainda, que a maioria dos partícipes faz uso das tecnologias em suas aulas e percebem diferenças na familiaridade e uso das mesmas por eles e seus alunos. É importante acrescentar que a maioria dos professores pesquisados adota em suas aulas uma abordagem híbrida, combinando metodologias tradicionais e ativas, o que indica certa flexibilidade pedagógica. Isso posto, espera-se que o referido trabalho de pesquisa propicie considerações sobre o tema e que os resultados possibilitem debates sobre conflito geracional e inserção de MA e tecnologias digitais em sala de aula.
Internal Quality Network Stress and Inflammation Reaction Indicators in the Expression and Significance of the Serum of Limited Pregnant Women’s Serum
Authors: Shen Qi , Yu Litao , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common clinical disorder in pregnant women. Inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress play an important role in the occurrence and development of FGR. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression and significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory response indicators in the serum of pregnant women with FGR. Methods The data of pregnant women admitted to Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were collected and analyzed by propensity score matching (PSM). Pregnant women with FGR were included in the observation group (n = 65), whereas healthy pregnant women admitted to the hospital during the same period were included in the control group (n = 65). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in all the pregnant women recruited in this study. The serum levels of glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which are characteristic indicators of endoplasmic reticulum stress, in the two groups of pregnant women, were also detected and analyzed. A range of parameters concerning fetal growth and development indicators, such as fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference and fetal development index, of the two groups of study subjects were recorded and compared. Analyze the correlation between inflammatory response indicators and endoplasmic reticulum stress factors in pregnant women with FGR and fetal growth and development indicators. Results The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The serum levels of GRP78 and CHOP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The levels of GRP78 and CHOP in pregnant women with FGR were negatively correlated with fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference, and fetal growth and development index (p < 0.05). Conclusion The serum levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in pregnant women with FGR were abnormally elevated, indicating severe inflammatory response. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress was observed in pregnant women with FGR, marked by significantly elevated levels of GRP78 and CHOP. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, GRP78 and CHOP were negatively correlated with fetal head circumference, abdominal circumference and fetal growth and development index, implying their impacts on the occurrence and development of FGR.
Assessment of prevalence and motivators for family planning utilisation among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania: A cross sectional study
Authors: Munuo Upendo , Moshi Fabiola Vincent 
Published: November 2024

Background
Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) has the greatest unmet need for family planning use, but young people are reported to under-utilise family planning services compared to other groups of women of the reproductive age in the region. Thus, promoting contraceptive services use among adolescents is vital in achieving universal access to sexual and reproductive health services.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and motivators for family planning services utilization among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania.

Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 421 randomly selected youths in higher learning institutions in Dodoma. A self-administered structured questionnaire adopted from previous studies was used to collect data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis using SPSS version 25 established association between variables. Statistical significance was declared at 95% confidence interval with α<0.05 and strength of association was reported by Odds Ratio (OR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR).

Results
Majority of the participants 221 (52.5%) were females, and most of them 320 (76.0%) were aged between 21 to 24 years. Of all participants, bachelor’s degree scholar were 257 (61.0%). About 305, (72.4%) participants reported to have had sexual intercourse in the past 12 month. Of these 50.5% had their first intercourse at the age between 15 to 19 years. Most participants 239 (56.8%) reported to have used contraceptive method in the past 12 months. After adjusting for confounders (participants’ socio-demographic characteristics), the motivators for family planning use among youth students were: living with relatives (AOR = 2.904, p 0.006), adequate FP knowledge (AOR = 2.230 p 0.003), positive perception (AOR = 1.772, p 0.025) and discussing FP matters with sexual partners (AOR = 6.045, p <0. 001).

Conclusion
This study highlights a significant unmet need for family planning services among youth students in higher learning institutions in Dodoma, Tanzania, reflecting broader trends in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite high sexual activity, family planning utilization remains suboptimal. Key motivators for using family planning services include living with relatives, having adequate knowledge, positive perceptions, and discussing family planning with sexual partners. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions focusing on education, fostering positive perceptions, and encouraging open partner discussions to enhance family planning utilization among adolescents, contributing to universal access to sexual and reproductive health services.
Understanding service users and other stakeholders’ engagement in maternal and newborn health services research: A systematic review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Singh Devendra Raj , Sah Rajeeb Kumar , Simkhada Bibha , Darwin Zoe 
Published: November 2024

Background
Stakeholder engagement is widely considered democratic, transparent, and essential in the shared decision-making process for improving health services. However, the integrated evidence of stakeholders’ engagement activities in maternal and newborn health (MNH) services in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is lacking. Therefore, this review aims to generate synthesised evidence of different practices for stakeholder engagements, characteristics of stakeholder engagements and outcomes of stakeholder engagements in improving the MNH services uptake and delivery.

Methods
The systematic review reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The literature was searched in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Scopus databases. The identified records were screened using Covidence software, and data were extracted from included records using a predefined template. The mixed methods appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The spectrum of stakeholder engagement provided by the International Association for Public Participation (IAP2) was used as a guiding framework for synthesising the evidence related to stakeholder engagement.

Results
A total of 1473 records were identified through the initial search after removing the duplicates. Twenty-six studies were included in the final review. The review results related to service users and other stakeholders’ engagement are presented under three overarching themes: (i) Methods and contexts of stakeholders’ engagement, (ii) Outcomes of stakeholders’ engagement, and (iii) Facilitators and barriers to stakeholders’ engagement.

Conclusion
Various participatory approaches were utilised to engage the service users and other stakeholders in improving MNH service uptake and delivery. A wide range of service user- and provider-led outcomes were identified due to stakeholder engagement.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022314613.
The Alberta Back Care Pathway: The feasibility of implementing a novel care pathway to improve low back pain management for family physicians in primary care
Authors: Powelske Brandyn , Kongsted Alice , Jones Allyson , Kawchuk Gregory 
Published: November 2024

Background
Family physicians in Canada’s universal healthcare system often manage low back pain patients using interventions not recommended in clinical guidelines, such as pharmaceuticals, imaging and spinal injections, while guideline-based treatments like education and exercise remain unfunded. The Alberta Back Care pathway was developed to address this gap, offering funded, evidence-based care for low back pain patients in 5 streams (acute, sub-acute, chronic, chronic non-responsive and stable radiculopathy).

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of implementing the pathway in two urban Primary Care Networks in Alberta, Canada.

Materials and methods
Each of the 5 pathway streams provided physicians with information scripts, no-cost interventions (pharmaceuticals and otherwise) and interventions to avoid. From April 2021 to November 2023, the RE-AIM framework was used to assess implementation feasibility of the pathway.

Results
For the RE-AIM dimension of reach, 25% (n = 41/162) of eligible family physicians in Primary Care Network “A” and 12% (n = 26/221) in Primary Care Network “B” enrolled in the study. Over half of enrolled physicians (n = 21/41 and 21/26) referred at least one patient with most referrals to the GLA:D Back program for chronic low back pain stream (93% in network “A” and 88% in network “B”). Implementation, evaluated as the proportion of referrals by physician compared to their total low back pain caseload, was low (> 0–10% referred) for 52% (n = 11/21) of physicians in network “A”, and medium-low (10–25% referred) for 52% (n = 11/21) of physicians in network “B”. The number of pathway-appropriate patients in each physician’s caseload was unknown. Maintenance at 12 months was 56% (n = 10/18) in network “A” and 39% (n = 7/18) in network “B”.

Conclusion
The Alberta Back Care pathway was feasible to implement during the pandemic and primarily serving patients with chronic low back pain by providing access to a guideline-based education and exercise group program (GLA:D Back).