bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient SPH Framework for Modeling Binary Granular Mixtures and Implications for Granular Flows
Authors: Zhang Shuaihao , Wu Dong , Hu Xiangyu , Choi Clarence E. , Lourenço Sérgio D. N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA two‐way coupling numerical framework based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed in this study to model binary granular mixtures consisting of coarse and fine grains. The framework employs updated Lagrangian SPH to simulate fine grains, with particle configurations updated at each time step, and total Lagrangian SPH to efficiently model coarse grains without updated particle configurations. A Riemann solver is utilized to introduce numerical dissipation in fine grains and facilitate their coupling with coarse grains. To enhance computational efficiency, a multiple time‐stepping scheme is initially applied to manage the time integration coupling between coarse and fine grains. Several numerical experiments, including granular column collapse, low‐speed impact craters, and granular flow impacting blocks, are conducted to validate the stability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Subsequently, two more complex scenarios involving a soil–rock mixture slope considering irregular coarse particle shapes, and bouldery debris flows on natural terrain, are simulated to showcase the potential engineering applications. Finally, a detailed analysis is performed to evaluate the computational efficiency advantages of the present approach. The findings of this study are consistent with previous experimental and numerical results, and the implementation of a multiple time‐stepping scheme can improve computational efficiency by up to 600%, thereby providing significant advantages for large‐scale engineering simulations.
Toward Sustainable Biocultural Ecotourism: An Integrated Spatial Analysis of Cultural and Biodiversity Richness in Colombia
Authors: Echeverri Alejandra , Batista Natasha M. , Wolny Stacie , Herrera‐R Guido A. , Andrade‐Rivas Federico , Bailey Allison , Cardenas‐Navarrete Anaid , Dávila Arenas Armando , Díaz‐Salazar Andres Felipe , Hernandez Katherine Victoria , Langhans Kelley E. , Mateus‐Aguilar Bryam E. , Levey Dallas , Neill Andrew , Nguyen Oliver , Suárez‐Castro Andres Felipe , Zapata Felipe , Ocampo‐Peñuela Natalia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Ecotourism plays a vital role in both economic development and depending on the scale, it can also aid environmental conservation. Ecotourism planning often considers culture‐based and nature‐based tourism separately, failing to recognize the synergies between them, with the potential to market locations as biocultural destinations.

Using Colombia as a case study, we created metrics of taxonomic biological diversity as measured by vertebrate species richness (including birds, mammals, freshwater fishes, reptiles and amphibians) and institutionalized cultural richness (by counting the number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage sites, museums, endemic music festivals, Afro‐Colombian Territories and Indigenous Reserves) and evaluated the spatial correlations between them.

To determine biocultural ecotourism potential, we evaluated whether biocultural richness was accessible and mapped potential biocultural ecotourism supply. By mapping areas of sports fisheries, birdwatching destinations, national park annual visitors and airport arrivals we also estimated spatial demand. We also analysed the difference between biocultural ecotourism supply and demand to assess the realized and untapped potential for biocultural destinations.

While biocultural richness is high in the Amazon, Pacific and Caribbean regions, we found that there are no win‐win‐win locations where culture, species richness and accessibility are all high. Areas with great potential for biocultural ecotourism development largely coincide with designated Indigenous Reserves and Afro‐Colombian Territories.

Our paper suggests that Colombia is currently safeguarding its biocultural capital and that it remains inaccessible to tourists. This study underscores the power of integrating cultural and biological variables to reshape the ecotourism sector.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Competition of C–F, C–S, and S–F Bond Activation in SF5CF3 Using N‐Heterocyclic Olefins Derivatives: A Computational Study
Authors: Xu Xingyu , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSF5CF3, commonly recognized as a potent greenhouse gas, has recently emerged as a valuable source of fluoride functional groups. Despite its traditional role, recent studies have highlighted its potential applications beyond its environmental implications. However, investigations into its reactivity remain limited, particularly regarding the activation of its constituent bonds. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive computational analysis to elucidate the competition among C–F, C–S, and S–F bond activations within SF5CF3 utilizing N‐heterocyclic olefin derivatives. Our investigations shed light on the underlying mechanisms of bond activation, revealing a preference for the activation of the S–F bond in SF5CF3 by both NHOs and mNHOs. Specifically, we observed a Gibbs free energy barrier (ΔG≠) ranging from 24.90 to  25.77 kcal/mol in the case of mNHOs, indicating a favorable energetics for this process.
Multi‐Responsive Hydrogel Based on Sodium Alginate With Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acid: Impact on Normal and Cancerous Cells
Authors: Pal Krishtan , Jaiswal Sheetal , Yadav Paramjeet , Kumar Rajesh , Minocha Tarun , Yadav Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe application of sodium alginate (SA) in the field of hydrogels has attracted much attention. However, it remains challenging to fabricate sodium alginate‐based biocompatible hydrogels with improved strength, high elasticity, porosity, and extraordinary adhesiveness. Herein, a hydrogel is constructed by SA and a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and meth acrylic acid (MAA), was synthesized via a free‐radical polymerization (FRP) and reinforced by using dynamic cross‐linker (Fe2+/Fe3+) with their carboxylate groups (COO−) like a chelating complex. The XPS validates the presence of dynamic Fe2+ (711 eV)/Fe3+ (714 eV) ions in the hydrogel scaffold. Porous structure contributes to improving the swelling rate (400%) which assists in drug delivery (80%) applications. The hydrogel has a well‐interconnected network with a crossover point (G′ = G″) at 120 Pa with 8.52% strain and various factors viz. frequency temperature and time sweep study affect the gelation. The hydrogel exhibits a substantial surface area (25m2/g), pore depth size up to 350 nm, and height distribution histogram average size of 394 nm. The poly(AA‐co‐MAA) copolymer found actively targeting breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells and exhibited biocompatibility against HEK‐293 cells and useful in water soluble controlled drug delivery.
Development of the duplex droplet digital PCR for quantitative monitoring of mixed infections of Meloidogyne incognita and M. enterolobii
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Shuaili , Guo Yuan , Wang Li , Feng Tuizi , Zhang Xinchun , Long Haibo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoot‐knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) are economically significant pests that cause immense damage to a wide range of crops. Among them, M. incognita and M. enterolobii are of particular concern, as their high virulence and broad host range. RKN are challenging for detection due to their subterranean lifestyle underground. Also, the mixed infection of nematodes in field crops complicates the need for more accurate diagnostic and quantification technologies.RESULTSTo address this challenge, we developed and optimized a novel duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method, using primer/probe sets targeting M. incognita and M. enterolobii, to simultaneously identify and quantify both species within a single assay. The innovative ddPCR diagnostic demonstrated excellent performance in terms of sensitivity, precision and reproductivity when quantifying the eggs and soil samples containing juveniles of both species. Moreover, the application of the duplex ddPCR method enables the monitoring of population dynamics of M. incognita and M. enterolobii under competitive environmental conditions. Our results indicated that the reproduction factor of M. incognita possibly inhibited when in mixed populations of M. enterolobii.ConclusionIn this study, we first applied duplex ddPCR technique for differentiating mixed infections of M. incognita and M. enterolobii, offering a valuable tool for species detection and quantification. It enables the monitoring of population dynamics for both species, which is crucial for providing theoretical guidance for the implementation of timely and effective control measures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Single‐cell analyses reveal impaired type B spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic entry in C‐Nap1‐null testes
Authors: Li Junlin , Yang Liheng , Li Liansheng , Li Min , Gao Juntao , Yuan Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSperm development is critical for male reproductive capability; any disruption during the process of spermatogenesis will result in male infertility. In this research, we used the C‐Nap1 encoded by the gene of Cep250 knockout mouse line as the model to evaluate the impact of absent C‐Nap1 on spermatogenesis. To investigate the interaction between C‐Nap1 and spermatogenesis, we utilized single‐cell RNA sequencing to analyze 10,332 C‐Nap1+/+ and 13,308 C‐Nap1−/− testicular cells. We identified five main cell types within seminiferous tubules, including spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia stem cells, Leydig cells, and spermatocytes. We found a critical reduction in testicular spermatogonia and spermatocytes in C‐Nap1‐null testes, compared to its C‐Nap1+/+ controls. By combining uniform manifold approximation and projection clustering and psedotime ordering, we distinguished five spermatogonial stages/subtypes, demonstrating that type B spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic initiation are impaired during C‐Nap1‐null spermatogenesis. Following gene ontology enrichment analysis, meiosis‐specific genes downregulated in the C‐Nap1−/− testicular cells were further verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Based on the differential gene expression, certain downregulated genes such as Ctnnb1 and Aurka encoding C‐Nap1‐binding potential β‐Catenin and Aurka are encountered, which may account for defective type B spermatogonia differentiation and meiotic entry in C‐Nap1‐null testes.
Adjustable Order Fault Estimation Observer Based Fault‐Tolerant Control for Nonlinear Switched Stochastic Systems With Partially Unknown Nonlinear Dynamics
Authors: Han Jian , Yu Ping , Liu Xiuhua , Wei Xinjiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe fault estimation and fault‐tolerant control problems of switching stochastic systems with partially unknown nonlinear dynamics, external disturbance, actuator, and sensor faults are studied. A new observer and disturbance observer are constructed to simultaneously estimate the system state, actuator, and sensor faults, as well as modelable disturbances. The dimensions of the proposed adjustable dimension observer are not fixed and can be adjusted within a certain range, and unknown nonlinear dynamics can be decoupled. According to estimated information, fault‐tolerant controller is designed. The sufficient condition is obtained to ensure that the root‐mean‐square gain from the disturbances to the fault reconstruction error is bounded. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Unlocking Cognitive Analysis Potential in Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials: Investigating Hierarchical Linear Models for Analyzing Novel Measurement Burst Design Data
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Hassenstab Jason , Li Yan , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , McDade Eric M. , Llibre‐Guerra Jorge , Bateman Randall J. , Xiong Chengjie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMeasurement burst designs typically administer brief cognitive tests four times per day for 1 week, resulting in a maximum of 28 data points per week per test for every 6 months. In Alzheimer's disease clinical trials, utilizing measurement burst designs holds great promise for boosting statistical power by collecting huge amount of data. However, appropriate methods for analyzing these complex datasets are not well investigated. Furthermore, the large amount of burst design data also poses tremendous challenges for traditional computational procedures such as SAS mixed or Nlmixed. We propose to analyze burst design data using novel hierarchical linear mixed effects models or hierarchical mixed models for repeated measures. Through simulations and real‐world data applications using the novel SAS procedure Hpmixed, we demonstrate these hierarchical models' efficiency over traditional models. Our sample simulation and analysis code can serve as a catalyst to facilitate the methodology development for burst design data.
Gut‐on‐a‐Chip Reveals Enhanced Peristalsis Reduces Nanoplastic‐Induced Inflammation
Authors: Han Junlei , Wang Yushen , Ding Jiemeng , Chen Hao , Shi Chaoyang , Li Xinyu , Xu Zhipeng , Chen Jun , Kong Feng , Wang Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanoplastics (NPs) pollution is a global issue posing potential threats to human health, particularly the digestive system. NPs may exacerbate intestinal inflammation, increasing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the impact of intestinal peristalsis on NP‐induced inflammation remains unknown. Here, a biomimetic gut‐on‐a‐chip (GOC) with integrated online sensing is presented to investigate NPs' impact on intestinal inflammation and propose enhanced peristalsis as a potential intervention. The GOC simulates intestinal peristalsis through periodic stretching and the optimized sensors dynamically detect inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) over 12 d with low detection limits (0.0095 and 0.0020 pg mL−1). Exposure to NPs led to vacuolization, apoptosis, and loss of tight junction proteins in intestinal cells, with IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion peaking at 24 h (1341.55 ± 64.91 and 862.03 ± 66.45 pg mL−1). Notably, increasing periodic strain alleviates inflammatory cytokines secretion induced by NPs. With strain increased from 5% to 6.5%, IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion decrease by 2.73‐fold and 3.34‐fold, respectively. This highlights the protective role of intestinal peristalsis in reducing NP‐induced inflammation.
Empowering Managers to Adopt Multimethodological Intervention Strategies to Address Complex Problematic Situations
Authors: Scales Jeffrey , Ang Karyne , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMichael Jackson's early work on the development of the Systems of System Methodologies recognised that problem situations can be complex, across both decision‐makers and systems. Jackson later advocated for methodological complementarity in his works on critical systems thinking, suggesting that ‘hard’, ‘soft’ and ‘emancipatory’ approaches may all have a role to play depending on the complexities of a problem situation. We used Jackson's ideas to develop a post‐graduate systems thinking subject for managers at an Australian university. The constraints of delivering this learning experience within a 4‐day workshop to an increasingly heterogenous student cohort created forces of natural selection that drove an evolution in the format and content of the subject. In this paper, we will explain how the subject is currently being offered. We also illustrate how we used one instance of the subject to investigate a complex problem facing the Australian construction sector.
Enhancing sensor data reliability in structural health monitoring systems using digital twin technology
Authors: Manocha Ankush , Sood Kashvi , Sood Sandeep Kumar , Bhatia Munish 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStructural health monitoring (SHM) systems are intended to collect continuous, current information on the condition of civic buildings, aircraft, and industrial gear. These structures may decay over time as a result of slow processes such as corrosion and fatigue, as well as unexpected catastrophes such as natural or man‐made disasters. It is important to note, however, that the components of SHM systems may degrade after installation, resulting in incorrect information being supplied to decision‐makers. To address this issue, digital twin (DT) technology has been utilized to provide an accurate representation of the building's actual state. Additionally, a weighted‐Bayesian belief network (W‐BBN) has been integrated into the framework to assess the building's condition. The framework also includes an example of maintenance and inspection throughout the lifespan of the structure, incorporating a sophisticated model of the SHM system to evaluate the level of risk. To show the proposed framework's operations, a numerical analysis and technique demonstration are offered, utilizing the building's smart sensors as a reference. The findings reveal that the unique SHM technology inspired by DT increases the identification of building health in an efficient and automated way.
Sex Difference in Histopathological and Steroidogenesis Metabolism of Zebrafish After Exposure to Spiromesifen
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Yang , Fan Yongmei , Yu Wang , Qian Le , Duan Manman , Zhao Wentian , Chen Xiangguang , Song Wanhui , Li Xuefeng , Wang Chengju 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSpiromesifen (SPM) is widely used for orchard mites and white fly control. The ecotoxicological data suggested that SPM is highly toxic to fish, but the information about its toxic effect on zebrafish is still obscure. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to SPM for 21 days. The plasma sex steroid hormone levels reflected the ratio of 17β‐estradiol (E2) to testosterone (T) (E2/T) was significantly increased at 0.50 μg/L of SPM in male fish (2.4‐fold, p = 0.049). Following 21 days' post exposure, distinct pathological changes were noted in gonad, males were more sensitive than female, which showed the interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia and widener in testis at 15 μg/L of SPM. In male fish, the relative percentage of spermatozoa was 13% decreased at 30 μg/L of SPM (p = 0.041). Which suggest SPM potential role in disrupting male gonad development. qRT‐PCR results suggest that expression of follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) was significantly down regulated in female zebrafish (0.29 fold of control, p = 0.010). Variable importance of projection (VIP) scores indicate the most important features separate in female and male. The different response of steroid level towards SPM between male and female zebrafish may due to the distinct regulation of key genes related in steroidogenesis and metabolism. This study for the first time connects the biochemical and histological to reveal the adverse effects of SPM on adult zebrafish in a sex dependent manner.
Querying (Coded) Data
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNVivo is a code-and-retrieve program whereby coded material is retrieved using queries to get a systematic overview of a specific topic in your data. That makes the query tools one of the most important tools in the program. NVivo has eight different types of queries, each performing different types of searches in a project. The chapter presents each query type and illustrates its functioning with an example. Specific attention is paid to the output regulation with the “spread to” option, which determines how researchers can gain insights into the retrieved coded references. The chapter also shows how users can divert query results to codes, i.e. how queries can be used to code (new) data.
A Guided Tour in Qualitative Data Analysis
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter looks at the spectrum of methodological approaches in qualitative data analysis. It mainly focuses on Grounded Theory as one of the major approaches in the family of qualitative approaches. The chapter outlines qualitative analysis's structured yet flexible nature, demonstrating how NVivo can facilitate a wide range of qualitative analyses through its flexible code and retrieval system (thematic coding and querying). The chapter also stresses the core role of theory in this research tradition. At the end of the chapter, a step-by-step example illustrates how a researcher uses NVivo for analysis, from importing the data to the final visualisations of coded data.
A Quick Tour of NVivo
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers an introductory overview of NVivo, illustrating its primary functions and limitations as a qualitative data analysis software. NVivo is presented as a tool with three basic tools or operations: data management, coding data and querying (retrieving) coded data. These elements support analytical steps done outside the program, such as interpreting the results and reporting about the findings or building theory. The second part of the chapter goes deeper into the code-and-retrieve principle behind tools like NVivo. In this part, the basic principles of coding and querying qualitative data are shown. The three most basic queries (text search, coding and matrix coding) are explained in the light of the retrieval of references from the data coded in an earlier stage.
Promoting Resilience—What Does the Science Say?
Authors: Stewart Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIf the contents and topics covered thus far in this book have proved anything, it is that there is still little definitive science to guide us in relation to optimally managing people living with heart disease from a climatic perspective. And yet, there is ample epidemiological evidence to suggest why we need to change the paradigm of clinical management on this basis. Thus, the title of this chapter might have been extended with a ‘thus far’. Moreover, it could well have been structured with a list of (Donald Rumsfeld-inspired) “known-unknowns” and even “unknown, unknowns”. Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence to start an important conversation around what clinicians operating within a tertiary healthcare setting can do to promote resilience in people presenting with various forms of heart disease. This is the major focus of this chapter, whist providing some critical reflections on where the evidence falls short in protecting people from both current climatic conditions and that resulting from future climatic change.
Einleitung
Authors: Jansen Annegret 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie gesellschaftliche Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung erfordert einen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Lernprozess und stellt eine der zentralen (Bildungs-)Aufgaben des 21. Jahrhunderts dar. Die Gefahren der Klimakrise erweisen sich trotz global unterschiedlicher Betroffenheiten als ein kollektives Problem der Weltgesellschaft, welche in ihrer Verwobenheit, Interdependenz und Tragweite historisch beispiellos ist (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2023).
Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick
Authors: Jansen Annegret 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die Konzeptualisierung einer politischen Nachhaltigkeitsbildung (10.1) und auf die Förderung politischer Urteilsbildung durch außerschulische Begegnungen im Kontext nachhaltigkeitsbezogener Problemstellungen (10.2) gezogen sowie ein Ausblick auf weiterführende Forschung (10.3) gegeben. Die im Rahmen der Einleitung aufgestellten vier Zielperspektiven werden in diesem Zusammenhang aufgegriffen.