bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary studies on the braking efficiency of an engine working in combined Jake brake and exhaust brake regime
Authors: Manolache-Rusu I C , Glovnea M , Suciu C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The improvements brought lately to heavy duty vehicles led to a decrease of their native retarding capacity. This difficulty is commonly compensated by the auxiliary braking systems such as the Jake brake or exhaust brake. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behaviour of an auxiliary brake system consisting from a combination of an exhaust brake and a Jake brake. For this purpose, a simulation model was developed to evaluate the retarding power of a single-cylinder engine that works at the same time in Jake brake and exhaust brake mode respectively. The present article deals with five study cases, at constant engine speed, for a better comparison of the braking torques obtained for each operation mode of the I.C. engine. Simulations performed on the studied engine in Jake brake mode, provide an increase in braking efficiency, compared to the brake efficiency when it is used in exhaust brake mode. Obtained results show a significant increase in braking capacity for the case of a single cylinder engine, when the two auxiliary braking systems are simultaneously used. The proposed model can be used to optimize braking performance to the any reciprocating engines that presents an engine brake or an exhaust brake system.
Spearman’s rho modification in digital image processing
Authors: Nalepa B , Gwiazda A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents an alternative Spearman’s rank correlation pattern as an innovative method in detecting the edges of an image by defining characteristic points of the image. Edge detection methods can be counted as the image processing stage following the implementation of the “initial” image processing, which includes: use of filters such as low-pass or high-pass, wavelet transform, etc. In this article hitherto known edge detection algorithms will be replaced with image ranking method. The first chapter of this work contains an analysis of the current knowledge on the ranking of the image. The operation of the Spearman rho algorithm together with its various configurations and the comparison of the two methods studied are presented in turn. Next, the modification of the Spearman rho pattern is presented along with the justification for the use of such a transformation. The same chapter also presents the effects of the algorithm, comparing it with known image ranking methods. The next stage of works consisted in developing a method for the interpretation of the results obtained. In the last chapter of the work, the obtained test results were summarized and analysed.
Big data analytics with graphical techniques applied on sensors data
Authors: Oroian-Boca M L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The term “Big Data” is now a popular way to refer to massive digital information available in both structured and unstructured form integrated from multiple, diverse, dynamic sources of information. Big data can be used to solve a variety of problems with significant cost reduction cost. Analysis and processing of large data sets represent a significant challenge. Massive data sets are collected and studied in numerous domains, from engineering sciences to social networks, biomolecular research, commerce, and security. Extracting valuable information from big data requires innovative approaches that efficiently process large amounts of data as well as handle and, moreover, utilize their big data analytics structure can be used in electronics industry too. In this study, I created a graphic tool in LabVIEW for the analyses of ECG signals for 3 types of subjects, in the same environment take in case the age of each subject and the influence of the environment on the physiological state of each one. The environmental conditions varied and the variations in the human body have been assessed in three situations: studying with music, studying without music and in relaxing state. LabVIEW proved to be an efficient tool to analyse and compare the produced signals in various time spans and also to compare the ECG signals for the investigated subjects.
Heat transfer original studies –Theory and applications
Authors: Raicu A , Barhalescu M , Memet F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Thermal stresses, thermal fatigue, materials’ constants variation with the temperature, residual stresses and micro-structure of the parts after the solidification process are heat transfer phenomenon related problems. The calculation instrument of a given age of science and technology has a great influence on the mathematical solutions and the according applications in engineering. The paper presents a synthesis, including the authors’ contributions in the heat transfer problems, which may be regarded in a broader context of the distinct branches of engineering that are the fields of expertise of the authors. The first step is to analyse the theoretical aspects to be mastered in order to wisely apply them in concrete engineering problems. In this way, there are presented the basic equations used by the authors in their analytical studies and the background of the numerical methods used in engineering, i.e. the finite difference method and the finite element method. In the following case studies are presented the influences of the heat transfer in an internal combustion engine related phenomena, the connections with the casting manufacturing process and some interesting aspects regarding the connections between the melt temperature with the residual stresses. To conclude, the distinct fields of expertize of the authors are useful to present the various facets of the heat transfer problem which is one of their long run concerns in research.
Fuzzy modeling of dependability optimization for supporting the production-quality strategies - case study in technical field
Authors: Vilcu A , Verzea I , Pislaru M , Herghiligiu I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
this work treats dependability from a functional (systemic) standpoint, which implies meeting a function required within an input/output system. This approach is demanded and necessary within technical equipment design stages, and is an integrant part of systems integrity design methodology. Designing the system integrity includes design criteria for reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of any system and equipment. The combination of these four concepts leads to the necessity of a comparative and integrative methodology that should ensure a good systems design, with required integrity values that can be computed easily, analyzed the most complete possible, and with the possibility to be modified accordingly. During the recent years, artificial intelligence techniques have been developed for dependability, that make use of, statistic methods (necessary for the realization of an operation history), deterministic mathematic algorithms (to determine the exact solutions when these can be determined and are required and the time resource is not critical), heuristic artificial intelligence methods (that can provide good quality solutions when time is a critical resource) - neuronal networks, genetic algorithms (to determine predicted or extreme values for system variables), as well as fuzzy methods for systems in which the system variables change within certain values intervals. All these techniques offer a global image of the artificial intelligence modelling (AIM) in designing the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety, in order to offer a continuous design feedback mean during the entire engineering design process. In this work, we shall develop a fuzzy model for a technical process and will compare our results with the results supplied by mathematical, neuronal and genetic models applied to the same system. The qualitative comparison of models will be completed with their quantitative comparison, by analyzing the complexity of algorithms and execution time. The utility of this work consists in the implementation of an inter-disciplinary tool easy to apply to technical systems with measurable dependability variables that can provide during the flow sheet, the values requested from technical and economic standpoint.
A one-degree-of freedom ankle rehabilitation platform
Authors: Doroftei I , Racu C M , Honceriu C , Irimia D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The ankle structure holds one of the most important role in the human biomechanics. Due to complexity of everyday activities this joint is the most prone to be injured part of the lower limb. For a complete recovery of the locomotor function, recovery exercises are mandatory. The existent ankle rehabilitation equipments allow only simple rehabilitation exercises, which cannot be used safely without the aid of a therapist. The introduction of robotic physical recovery systems represents a modern alternative to traditional recovery. Actuated devices are advantageous because they allow many types of exercises on same device, and also they accurate measure forces and angular motions. The purpose of this two paper is to propose a simple rehabilitation device, based on a one-degree-of-freedom mechanisms. Some structural, kinematic and designing aspects of this new ankle rehabilitation device are presented.
Considerations of the energy balance of an internal combustion engine and the recovery of heat lost through the cooling water
Authors: Faitar C , Nedelcu A T , Buzbuchi N , Stan L , Dumitrache L M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The thermal balance of an engine expresses the distribution of available heat, between the equivalent energy of effective mechanical work and the various losses. From the analysis of the thermal balance, it results if the thermal energy is used efficiently, corresponding to the economic work of the engine, helping to find and remove the causes that lead to the non-economical use of thermal energy. The thermal balance is useful in calculations for the design of the cooling system and the calculation of the exhaust gas recovery system. The heat flow lost through the cooling fluid is determined by measuring the flow of cooling water and also its inlet and outlet temperature. The heat flow lost through the exhaust gases is determined by the difference between the enthalpy of the exhaust gas and the enthalpy of the fresh entry load. The heat flow lost due to incomplete chemical burn is determined by analyzing the exhaust gases and determining the components that contain chemical energy. The parameters necessary for the thermal balance at a certain operating regime are obtained from direct measurements. The paper presents an analysis of thermal balance for ICE in the maritime domain and the possibilities of cooling system recovery for a ship engine of a tanker ship.
The study of the traction behaviour of knitted structures with controlled dimensional stability
Authors: Szabo M , Babanatis-Merce R M , Barbu I , Babanatsas T , Jitaru L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a comparative study of the tensile behaviour of the knitwear under linen made of 100% cotton yarn in 1:1 rib with Nm 50/1 and 2:2 rib with Nm 40/1. The rib structures 1:1 are more dimensionally stable than the rib structures 2:2, on both directions, due to the higher number of yarn-yarn contact points and due to the distribution of the rib platinum loop. The studies made on the proposed structures have demonstrated that it can be obtained an almost identical dimensional stability, which fits in the limits ±2, if for the rib structures 2:2 thicker yarns are being used. After knitting and finishing, the structure parameters of the knits are determined and then they are subjected to the tensile strength, and the result after processing the obtained data, it is concluded that the behaviour of the knits at the tensile stresses is comparable to the real situation. The study is carried out on both directions of the knits, in the horizontal direction, of the rows of meshes and in the vertical direction of the strings. The performance-elongation diagrams are represented through graphics and the results obtained are interpreted, the data being used to determine the structure parameters of the knits in order to obtain maximum dimensional stability at wearing.
Considerations upon the performances of the main naval engine and energy efficiency evaluation
Authors: Faitar C , Memet F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, the essential source of ship propulsion is the diesel low-speed engine, and the power necessity and rate of propeller rotation especially rely upon the ship’s structure and the propeller geometry. Along these lines, in order to arrive at a solution that is as ideal as could be allowed, some broad information is basic for ship diesel engine parameters that impact the propulsion ship system. The performance of any system on board ship is specifically identified with its reliability. So as to get the best out of marine motors, it is critical to screen their performances and take measures to accomplish productive combustion. The paper points the significance of estimating the performances of the propulsion motor utilizing the NHX program. NHX electronic program estimates the pressure inside engine cylinders by the usage of the beat signal from Top Dead Center (T.D.C.) of the number 1 cylinder. Additionally, analyses the after burning period at the combustion stroke of each cylinder. The E.E.O.I. (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator) is an observing tool for ship management and fleet efficiency. The estimations of the factors have a diminishing trend amid the usage time periods, achieving at least a 30% decrease of the pollutants in the years 2025 contrasted with the values before the implementation of this index. E.E.D.I. index has been considered as the biggest and most dominant sections of the sea business.
Validation of potential flow method for ship resistance prediction
Authors: Pacuraru F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Considering the extensive use of numerical methods in naval design, a question about the accuracy numerical tools that could estimate the flow around the ship and which are the limitations of these tools for practical design applications. In this context, experimental test on scaled models play an important role in validation of numerical simulations. This work is dedicated to validation of the method used to calculate the non-linear potential free-surface flow around the ship. Global quantities, as total resistance, wave resistance coefficient, residual resistance coefficient are flow characteristics concentrated in a single value, and their validation provides a criterion for choosing the optimum hull. Validation of physical phenomena is done using the wave profile, the pressure distribution on the body or the free surface topology. Validations were developed by comparing experimental data published for benchmark test cases, results of the resistance test performed in ICEPRONAV towing tank, against the results of numerical calculation performed by the author. Numerical simulations were performed using the XPAN module of the SHIPFLOW program, dedicated to the calculation of non-linear potential free-surface flow. Therefore, in order that the validation to be consistent and not influenced by scale effects, all calculations have been performed for the model scale. For this purpose, numerical studies have been considered for three ship models with different complex geometries. Two of the three hulls, the 60 Series and the DTMB 5415, are benchmark tests, chosen due to a wide range of detailed experimental and numerical results. The other one is case study for which experimental measurements were carried out in the frame of research projects.
A Systematic Review of the Literature of Delayed Inflammatory Reactions After Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection to Estimate the Incidence of Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction
Authors: Chung King Lueh , Convery Cormac , Ejikeme Ifeoma , Ghanem Ali M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler injection is believed to be a safe procedure. However, with the increase in the number of performed procedures and indications, the number of product-related complications, especially delayed inflammatory reactions, has also increased. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction is one of these delayed inflammatory reactions, which is preventable by performing a pretreatment skin test.ObjectivesThe authors sought to find the incidence of delayed inflammatory reactions and DTH reaction after HA injection and to determine whether a pretreatment skin test is worthwhile to be performed.MethodsThe authors conducted a systematic literature review of all the relevant prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case reports on delayed inflammatory reactions and DTH reaction after HA filler injection.ResultsThe incidence of delayed inflammatory reactions calculated from the prospective studies was 1.1% per year, and that of possible DTH reaction was 0.06% per year. Most retrospective studies estimated a percentage of delayed inflammatory reactions of less than 1% in 1 to 5.5 years. The incidence of DTH reaction would be lower than that. Among all the DTH cases reported, only about 5% of them were proven to be genuine DTH reactions.ConclusionsThe incidence of both delayed inflammatory reactions and DTH reaction is low. There is evidence that genuine DTH reactions caused by HA fillers approved by the Food and Drug Administration do exist. This adverse event can be prevented by performing a pretreatment skin test. However, the incidence of DTH reaction is so low that the pretreatment skin test is not mandatory if Food and Drug Administration-approved HA fillers are used.Level of Evidence: 4
Development of a gender-relevant tobacco cessation intervention for women in Brazil—an intervention mapping approach to planning
Authors: Kienen Nádia , Wiltenburg Thaís Distéfano , Bittencourt Lorna , Scarinci Isabel C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe the development of a theory-based, culturally and gender-relevant Community Health Worker (CWH)-led tobacco cessation intervention for low-income Brazilian women who augments the tobacco cessation program offered through the public health system using Intervention Mapping (IM). We began with the establishment of a network of representatives from different segments of society followed by comprehensive needs assessments. We then established a logical planning process that was guided by a theoretical framework (Social Cognitive Theory) and existing evidence-based tobacco cessation programs, taking into account socio-political context of a universal health care system. Given the gender-relevance of our intervention and the importance of social support in tobacco cessation among women, we chose an intervention that would be delivered within the public health system but augmented by CHWs that would be trained in behavior change by researchers. One of major advantages of utilizing IM was that decisions were made in a transparent and supportive manner with involvement of all stakeholders throughout the process. Despite the fact that this process is very taxing on researchers and the health care system as it takes time, resources and negotiation skills, it builds trust and promotes ownership which can assure sustainability.
Mapping Orientalist Discourses: Using Waltz with Bashir in the Classroom
Authors: Tomé-Alonso Beatriz , Prado Lucía Ferreiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
While fiction and non-fiction productions can be used as tools to observe, describe, and analyze the “world-out-there,” within these events-issues centered approaches post-positivists posit films themselves as “cultural artifacts” to be analyzed. This paper proposes a critical analysis of Waltz with Bashir (2008) to be conducted with students in the classroom. This acclaimed animated film by Israeli writer and director Ari Folman depicting the 1982 Lebanon War is a non-obvious but germane example of Said's “Orientalism.” After explaining post-structuralism and post-orientalist stances on subjectivity, power relations, and the political consequences of the narratives we create, we analyze the film by applying an orientalist grid to Waltz with Bashir and raising qualitative questions to foster the student's criticality. We conclude by examining student's reactions to the film and their understanding of “Orientalism.”
Estimation of the net energy and protein requirements for maintenance of male arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during the growth period12
Authors: Zhong W , Mu L L , Han F F , Luo G L , Zhang X Y , Liu K Y , Guo X L , Yang H M , Li G Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The maintenance requirements of net energy and net protein were assumed to represent the most accurate and important values totally for the animal’s utilization. The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy and net protein requirements for maintenance of growing arctic foxes. The experiments was evaluated using regression models estimated from data collected by means of indirect calorimetry, nitrogen balance trials, and digestion and metabolism experiments. Thirty-six growing arctic foxes (3 487 ± 261.7 g) at the age of 85 days were randomly assigned to four groups with 9 animals in each group. Arctic foxes were fed a complete formula diet at four intake levels (100%, or 80%, 60%, and 40% of feed requirements) from 24 July 2017 to 23 September 2017. Arctic foxes in each treatment were kept individually in respiration chambers after 1-d adaptation at day 2 for a 3-d balance trial and then at day 5 followed by a 3-d fasting period. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI), heat production in the fed state (HP), and retained energy (RE) of arctic foxes significantly decreased (P < 0.01) as the feed intake level decreased. Fasting heat production (FHP) of arctic foxes was not influenced by feed intake level (P > 0.05). The metabolizable energy maintenance requirement (MEm) and net energy maintenance requirement (NEm) estimated from the linear relationship between RE and MEI were 230 and 217 kJ/kg of body weight BW0.75/d, respectively. The MEm and NEm estimated by logarithmic regression of HP on MEI were 225 and 209 kJ/kg BW0.75/d, respectively. The net N maintenance requirement (NNm) and net protein maintenance requirement (NPm) estimated from the linear relationship between retained nitrogen (RN) and daily nitrogen intake (NI) were 179.6 mg/kg BW0.75/d and 1.123 g/kg BW0.75/d, respectively. It is concluded that NEm and NPm values obtained fill the net energy and protein requirements shortage, and provide the basic data for establishing the standard of nutrition demand of breeding arctic foxes in China.