bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individualization and Differentiation of the Content of Primary Education by Using Virtual Learning Environment “EDUKA class”
Authors: Kondratavičienė Renata 
Published: October 2018

The article reveals the concept of individualization and differentiation of curriculum content in a real and virtual learning environment. It examines how the virtual learning environment (EDUKA class) features the ability to personalize and differentiate tasks, use digital textbooks and virtual material, provide and receive feedback, monitor progress and learning outcomes, and help to individualize and differentiate the content of elementary education at school.
In order to evaluate the use of the core functions of the virtual teaching environment “EDUKA class” – working with groups, tasks and lesson material, feedback and learning outcomes and tracking progress - to differentiate and personalize the content of primary education, a quantitative survey was conducted - a written survey of respondents. It took place in 2017 from June to August, 109 Lithuanian primary school teachers were actively interviewing the virtual learning environment “EDUKA class” in the learning process. Data received by respondents in response to closed questions were analyzed by the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 17.0 program. Descriptive statistics used for quantitative survey processing. The qualitative analysis (i. e. content analysis) was used to analyze the answers to open questions in the questionnaire.
The results of the research showed that in the virtual teaching environment “EDUKA class”, the teacher quickly and comfortably divides students into homogeneous groups according to their talents, progress, inclinations, interests. Based on the individual differences of pupils, the teacher creates open-ended tasks and closed-ended tests in accordance with the complexity of the group’s students. Conducts teaching materials (files, links) created and used in the educational process. Environment The “EDUKA class” facilitates teacher work by differentiating learning content, monitoring student learning outcomes and progress by providing feedback to students and their parents.
Early repolarization on ECG (early repolarization pattern and syndrome)
Authors: Gordeeva M. S. , Zemskov I. A. , Sokolova A. A. , Parmon E. V. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo study the early repolarization pattern (ERP) in patient with nonischemic cardiomyopathies (acute myocarditis and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C)).Materials and methods: We analyzed 2 groups of patients: The 1st group — 29 patients with acute myocarditis (21 male, age 48,7±13,5); the 2nd — 51 patients with confirmed diagnose of ARVD/C (27 male, age 33±7). We used the criteria by Macfarlane P.W. et al., 2015 to identify ERP. Also we analyzed the results of endomiocardial biopsy (EMB).Results:In the 1st group ERP was detected in 13,8% (4) patients), in the 2nd ERP was detected in 17,6% (9) patients. There was no significant difference between frequency of ERP in these groups (p>0.05In the 1st group in all patients was detected inflammation by EMB, myocardial fibrosis was found in 25% (1) patients. In the 2nd group in 22,2% (2) patients with ERP there were no structural abnormalities detected by EMB, and other 78% patients had residual myocytes.Conclusions.On the example of myocarditis and ARVD/C we demonstrated that the ERP was not studied for all diseases that have a pathogenetic basis for its occurrence. Further prospective studies are necessary to evaluate the relationship with the arrhythmias, including malignant ones.
Unsatisfactory results of a drug resistant epilepsy surgical treatment: reasons analysis and treatment optimization way
Authors: Odintsova G. V. , Aleksandrov M. V. , Ulitin A. U. , Nezdorovina V. G. , Chuchlovin A. A. , Koloteva А. V. 
Published: October 2018

The relevance of the studied problem was caused by high prevalence of drug resistant epilepsy, an increased structural epilepsy detection and extension indications for a surgical treatment.The purpose of article consisted in a research of the reasons of low efficiency of epilepsy surgical treatment in adult population with a cross-disciplinary approach position.Material and methods.The leading approach was the retrospective open research of the failure factors at 14 patiens.Results.It was revealed unsatisfactory result of epilepsy surgical treatment was caused by a complex of the reasons. The disease features have been the main reason for a failure in 100% of cases, additional reasons: irrational pharmacotherapy -in 86%, the surgical reasons — in 36% of cases.Conclusions.The unsatisfactory result of epilepsy surgical treatment was caused by a complex of the reasons. Cross-disciplinary approach to a problem, improvement of the epilepsy managment, further researches are required. Materials of article can be useful for the personified approach at surgical treatment of epilepsy.
Letramento em Matemática no PISA: o que sabem e podem fazer os estudantes?
Authors: Ortigão Maria Isabel Ramalho , Santos Maria José Costa , Lima Rafael de Lima 
Published: October 2018

Apresentamos resultados de pesquisa que buscou compreender desempenhos em Matemática de estudantes brasileiros, baseada em dados do PISA. Pesquisa foi conduzida envolvendo: análise exploratória dos microdados do PISA 2012, análise do conteúdo dos itens públicos de Matemática utilizados no PISA 2012 e aplicação desses itens a estudantes de 15 anos matriculados no 1º ano do ensino médio em duas escolas públicas. Foi evidenciada porcentagem significativa de estudantes brasileiros nos níveis mais baixos da escala global e das subescalas de letramento matemático, configurando situação grave para cerca de metade de nossos estudantes. Conteúdos dos 56 itens públicos de Matemática foram analisados e classificados em relação a: especificidade do tema, contexto e exigência solicitada em sua solução. Ao aplicar esses itens ao grupo de estudantes do ensino médio, identificamos que as maiores dificuldades referem-se a cálculo da medida de área, triângulo retângulo e Teorema de Pitágoras.
Calculation of Technological Consumption (Loss) of Electricity in Modern 0.38–10 kV Electrical Distribution Networks
Authors: Fursanov M. I. , Zalotoy A. A. , Makarevich V. V. 
Published: October 2018

. New conditions of functioning of electric power industry, tougher of requirements to technological condition of the industry predetermined transition to restructuring of electric networks on the basis of innovative structure of SMART GRID. This leads to the improvement of traditional tasks of calculation and analysis of modes and technological consumption (loss) of electricity. The authors have developed a promising method of operational calculations of technical losses of electricity in modern electrical networks of 0.38–10 kV on the basis of telemechanical graphs of loads on the head sections of distribution lines, in the area of additional installation of digital metering devices and of sources of distributed generation. The method proposes a new technique for determining the flow of electric energy in the sections of distribution lines. This is done as follows. First, according to the data of additional measurements of the network and taking into account the calculated no-load losses of transformers, electricity flows are calculated in the head sections of 6–10 kV lines. Then, according to the obtained data and the measured values of the active and reactive energy graphs of the head sections, the electric power flows targeted for their subsequent distribution over all sections of the 0.38–10 kV network are determined, taking into account the load losses of electricity and the flow distribution coefficients. The distribution coefficients are the fractions of the calculated phase loads of the 0.38 kV network of their total value. Then, according to the obtained data and the measured values of the active and reactive energy graphs on the head sections, the electric power flows intended for their subsequent distribution over all sections of the 0.38–10 kV network are determined, taking into account the load losses of electricity and the flow distribution coefficients. The basic analytical relations concerning the estimation of losses and mode as well as an example of calculation of technological consumption (loss) of electricity in the general scheme of the distribution network of 0.38; 6 and 10 kV are given. The latter is performed for a single (first)stage of load graphs.
New Soil Index Development and Integration with Econometric Theory
Authors: Mizuta Katsutoshi , Grunwald Sabine , Phillips Michelle A. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
There is a need for quantitative soil quality, health, and security assessment.
Pros and cons of indication systems used in soil and ecological studies.
Axiomatic criteria advance soil quality, health, and security indices.
There are profound shortcomings of widely used soil indicators and indices.
Linking soil science and econometrics improves soil indicators/indices.
Soil scientists have worked on the conceptualization and contextualization of soil‐related notions, such as soil quality, soil health, and soil security, over the past few decades. We reviewed the massive amount of literature regarding those major concepts, and summarized definitions, visions, and constraints. Indicators (In) and indices (Ix) are well suited to aggregate soil and environmental data to assess soil quality, health, and security quantitatively. Our literature review showed that (i) more sophisticated quantification methods are necessary; (ii) often only a single soil property and/or class is modeled rather than more complex soil functions, risks, or services; (iii) there is a lack of harmonization, standardization, and reference frameworks that allow soil comparisons across regions and time; and (iv) methods frequently used to calculate soil In/Ix, such as ordination and factor analysis, do not consider rigorous axiomatic criteria of scientific sound indication systems. In summary, the complex soil concepts stand in sharp contrast to the applied indication methods in the soil science discipline. We investigated the potential to apply econometrical methods to assess soil quality, health, and security that serve as alternatives to more traditional In/Ix in soil science. A case study demonstrated the profound transformative potential of linking econometrics–soil–environmental sciences.
Three Residual Benefits of Applying Phosphate Fertilizer
Authors: Barrow N. J. , Barman Prashanta , Debnath Abhijit 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Phosphate continues to react with soil thereby decreasing its effectiveness.
However, the continuing reaction conveys negative charge to the reacting particles.
This reaction decreases both the buffering capacity and the rate of further reactions.
Both of these changes increase the effectiveness of subsequent applications.
Fertilizer P provides three benefits to subsequent crops. The first is that P not lost in produce or leachate remains in soil. However, its effectiveness usually decreases with time because the P slowly diffuses into the adsorbing particle. The second benefit stems from the resulting increased negative charge and decreased buffering capacity. We test whether this decreases the P required for a given yield. The third benefit occurs because, given enough P, the penetration reaction stops. We test whether it is then sufficient to only supply P needed by the plants. We incubated for 35 d at 60°C samples of a P–deficient soil to which we had added five levels of P. At the end of this incubation period, we measured P sorption and desorption on one set of samples of the soil. On another set, we added several different levels of P and measured plant response. On a third set, we similarly added several different levels of P but incubated soil plus the extra P for a further 3 d at 60°C before measuring plant response. Incubating the soil with P decreased the P buffering capacity and increased the effectiveness of P applications. The effects were nonlinear with greatest effect occurring at low levels of application. The incubation with P also virtually eliminated sorption–desorption hysteresis. With increasing levels of incubated P, the difference in plant response between the once–incubated and the twice–incubated treatments decreased linearly. All of the observations are consistent with slow penetration of the adsorbed P.
A fuzzy hybrid clustering method for identifying hydrologic homogeneous regions
Authors: Nadoushani S. Saeid Mousavi , Dehghanian Naser , Saghafian Bahram 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIdentification of hydrologic homogeneous regions (HHR) facilitates prioritization of watershed management measures. In this study, a new methodology involving a combination of self-organizing features maps (SOFM) method and fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM), designated as SOMFCM, is presented to identify HHRs. The case study region is Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) located in Arizona. The input data consisted of a number of factors that influence runoff generation processes, including ten surface features as well as various rainfall values corresponding to 25, 50, and 100 years return periods. Factor analysis (FA) was applied for the selection of effective surface features along with rainfall value, used in the clustering algorithm. Validation procedure indicated that the best clustering scenario was achieved through merging three layers including TPI (topographic position index), CN (curve number), and P50 (50-year rainfall). The optimum number of clusters turned out to be six while the fuzzification parameter became 1.6. The presented methodology may be proposed as a simple approach for identifying HHRs.
Prediction of the optimal dose of coagulant for various potable water treatment processes through artificial neural network
Authors: Baouab M. Hassen , Cherif Semia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To overcome classical jar test limits of water treatment plants and offer substantial savings of time and money for operators, artificial neural network technique is applied in this study to large databases of three treatment plants with different processes in order to build models to predict the optimal dose of coagulant. Pre-modeling techniques, like data scaling and training database choice, are used to guarantee models with the lowest errors. Two models are then selected, with turbidity, conductivity, and pH as inputs for both raw and treated water. The first model, L45-MOD, is specific to raw water with less than 45.5 NTU turbidity, or else the second model ATP-MOD would be adopted. Compared to truly injected coagulant doses and to previous models, the selected models have good performances when tested on various databases: a correlation coefficient higher than 0.8, a mean absolute error of 5.47 g/m3 for the first model and 5.69 g/m3 for the second model. The strength of this study is the ability of the models to be extrapolated and easily adopted by other treatment plants whatever the process used.
Decomposition of 2D polygons and its effect in hydrological models
Authors: Sanzana P. , Gironás J. , Braud I. , Hitschfeld N. , Branger F. , Rodriguez F. , Fuamba M. , Romero J. , Vargas X. , Muñoz J. F. , Vicuña S. , Mejía A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract2D non-uniform polygonal meshes allow representation of the impact of landscape elements and small infrastructures on water flows. The initial vectorial mesh, derived from the intersection of several geographical information systems' layers, can have highly non-convex or sliver polygons. These bad-shaped elements compromise accurate numerical flow computation. We propose a flexible divide-and-conquer strategy to decompose polygons into physiographical meaningful parts using shape descriptors to better represent the surface terrain and hydrologic connectivity. We use the convexity index (CI) and the form factor (FF) to consider convex and square like optimum shapes. The strategy was applied to two peri-urban areas whose hydrologic response was simulated using distributed modeling. Good-quality meshes were generated with threshold values of CI≈0.8 and FF≈0.2, and CI≈0.95 and FF≈0.4 for undeveloped and highly urbanized zones, respectively. We concluded that the mesh segmentation facilitates the representation of the spatially distributed processes controlling not only the lumped response of the catchment, but also the spatial variability of water quantity and fluxes within it at medium and small scales.
Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration with elevation based on an improved HS model
Authors: Tang Pengcheng , Xu Bing , Gao Zhanyi , Li Heping , Gao Xiaoyu , Wang Chaozi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Estimation of ET0 in high-elevation (above sea level, ASL) areas of Tibet presents unique challenges: scarcity of monitoring stations, short-time coverage of meteorological data, low-oxygen and low-pressure environment, and strong solar radiation. In this study, altitude factors and modified temperature constants are utilized to improve the Hargreaves (HS) model based on 30-year daily meteorological data from 20 typical sites in Tibet. The improved model, Hargreaves-Elevation (HS-E) improved model, could provide better results at different time scales. Negative ET0 values were unavoidable in the HS model when applied to high-elevation areas. However, the HS-E model solved this problem and improved the accuracy of estimated ET0. In particular, the HS-E model performs better when the time scale becomes larger. Therefore, the HS-E model is highly recommended to estimate ET0 in high-elevation areas where the meteorological data are scarce, for example, in Tibet above 2,000 m.
Wavelet-based multi station disaggregation of rainfall time series in mountainous regions
Authors: Farboudfam Nima , Nourani Vahid , Aminnejad Babak 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHybrid models development by combining the data-driven method of artificial neural network (ANN) and wavelet decomposition for disaggregation of rainfall time series is the purpose of this paper. In this study, for disaggregating the Tabriz and Sahand rain-gauges time series, according to nonlinear characteristics of observed time scales, a wavelet-artificial neural network (WANN) hybrid model was suggested. For this purpose, 17 years of daily data of four rain-gauges and monthly data of six rain-gauges from the mountainous basin of Urmia Lake were decomposed with wavelet transform and then using mutual information and correlation coefficient criteria, the sub-series were ranked and superior sub-series were used as input data of ANN model for disaggregating the monthly rainfall time series to the daily time series. Results obtained by the WANN disaggregation model were compared with the results of ANN and classic multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The efficiency of the WANN model compared with the ANN and MLR models at validation stage in the optimized case for Tabriz rain-gauge showed up to a 22 and 41.2% increase and in the optimized case for Sahand rain-gauge it showed up to a 21.1 and 40.8% increase, respectively.
Estimating daily reference evapotranspiration using hybrid gamma test-least square support vector machine, gamma test-ANN, and gamma test-ANFIS models in an arid area of Iran
Authors: Seifi Akram , Riahi Hossien 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this study, a hybrid model of least square support vector machine-gamma test (LSSVM-GT) is proposed for estimating daily ETo under arid conditions of Zahedan station, Iran. Gamma test was used for selecting the best input vectors for models. The estimated ETo by LSSVM-GT model with different kernels of RBF, linear and polynomial, were compared with other hybrid approaches including ANN-GT, ANFIS-GT, and empirical equations. The gamma test revealed that climate variables of minimum and maximum air temperature and wind speed are the most important parameters. The LSSVM model performed better than the ANFIS and ANN models when similar meteorological input variables are used. Also, the performance of the three models of LSSVM, ANFIS, and ANN were better than the empirical equations such as Blaney–Criddle and Hargreaves–Samani. The RMSE, MAE, and R2 for the best input vector by LSSVM were 0.1 mm day−1, 0.13 mm day−1, and 0.99, respectively. The threshold of relative absolute error of 95% predicted values by LSSVM, ANN, and ANFIS models were about 8.4%, 9.4%, and 24%, respectively. Based on the comparison of the overall performances, the developed LSSVM-GT approach is greatly capable of providing favorable predictions with high precision in arid regions of Iran.
Recent groundwater and lake-stage trends in Cape Cod National Seashore: relationships with sea level rise, precipitation, and air temperature
Authors: Smith Stephen M. , Medeiros Kelly C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrological features on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, include groundwater, freshwater lakes, permanent and seasonal ponds, streams, and estuaries. Rainfall and evaporation/evapotranspiration have long been considered the dominant factors influencing both lake and groundwater levels in this sole-source, unconfined aquifer. However, increases in sea level may also have an effect, especially on this narrow peninsula with a sandy substrate of high permeability. In this study, we analyzed trends between 2000 and 2017 in eleven groundwater wells and nine kettle ponds situated with Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS). We further explored relationships of these hydrologic variables with local precipitation, temperature and sea level during this period. The results suggest that while precipitation patterns influence seasonal and inter-annual variability, it appears that sea level rise (SLR) may be partially responsible for driving the longer-term trend of rising groundwater levels in several wells. Pond stages did not exhibit any statistically significant trends, and responded more to precipitation during this period of time. Notwithstanding, further acceleration of SLR, along with potential changes in precipitation patterns, can alter the freshwater hydrology of CCNS that may subsequently have biological, chemical, and physical effects throughout these systems.
The responses of precipitation and streamflow to recent climate variations in the frigid and subtropical zones
Authors: Wang Bo-Tsen , Grigorev Vadim Yu , Tseng Hung-Wei , Dzhamalov Roald G. , Frolova Natalia L. , Yu Pao-Shan , Hsu Kuo-Chin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Extreme hydrological events have occurred in many climate zones in recent decades. Most importantly, the water distribution in hydrological components has changed with apparent variations in climate. The associated impact on water resources is of concern because an understanding of the hydrological response mechanism is necessary for human survival. In this study, we compare precipitation and streamflow responses to climate variations in two different climate zones. Continental-scale frigid zone (CSFZ) data were collected from Russia, while island-scale subtropical zone (ISSZ) data were collected from Taiwan. The results show that the teleconnection of the precipitation between the ISSZ and CSFZ is subtle and is linked to global atmospheric conditions. The daily maximum precipitation and the duration without precipitation increased in both the CSFZ and the ISSZ. The streamflow response became more extreme in the ISSZ and was associated with pronounced dry and wet seasons. In contrast, a rise in winter temperatures has led to more uniform streamflow and extreme hydrological situations have become less frequent. The responses of streamflow to recent climate variations in the CSFZ and ISSZ are different. Precipitation and temperature are driving forces for the change in streamflow in the CSFZ while precipitation is for the ISSZ.