bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmochemical Approach to Template‐Free Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Mesoporous TiO2 within Milliseconds
Authors: Zhang Si‐Yuan , Li Xiao‐Song , Liu Jing‐Lin , Zhu Xiaobing , Zhu Ai‐Min 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA plasmochemical synthetic strategy for the template‐free and one‐step preparation of highly crystalline mesoporous TiO2 from oxidation of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) aerosol by gliding arc plasma in a vortex air flow within milliseconds is reported. The scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption characterizations confirm the wormhole‐like mesoporous structures. The highly crystalline mesoporous TiO2 has an optimized anatase/rutile weight ratio of about 80/20 for photocatalytic applications, exhibiting superior thermal stability and good photocatalytic activity.
The Incompressible Navier‐Stokes Equations in Vacuum
Authors: Danchin Raphaël , Mucha Piotr Bogusław 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe are concerned with the existence and uniqueness issue for the inhomogeneous incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations supplemented with H1 initial velocity and only bounded nonnegative density. In contrast to all the previous works on those topics, we do not require regularity or a positive lower bound for the initial density or compatibility conditions for the initial velocity and still obtain unique solutions. Those solutions are global in the two‐dimensional case for general data, and in the three‐dimensional case if the velocity satisfies a suitable scaling‐invariant smallness condition. As a straightforward application, we provide a complete answer to Lions' question in his 1996 book Mathematical Topics in Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1, Incompressible Models, concerning the evolution of a drop of incompressible viscous fluid in the vacuum. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A forecasting tool for prediction of epileptic seizures using a machine learning approach
Authors: Asharindavida Fayas , Shamim Hossain M. , Thacham Azeemsha , Khammari Hedi , Ahmed Irfan , Alraddady Fahad , Masud Mehedi 
Published: December 2018

SummaryECG and EEG signals are very helpful in the early diagnosis of epileptic seizures. The research focuses on analysis of ECG and EEG signals applying a deep learning technique to study early prediction of epileptic seizure. Signal processing methods like Empirical Mode Decomposition, spectral analysis, and statistical methods were used. The algorithms were implemented in MATLAB, and the EEG and ECG data were collected from Physiobank and EPILEPSIAE databases. In the window‐based analysis of low‐frequency spectral area of EEG signals, 78.5% of the cases displayed a significant change as the windows progressed and the onset of seizure was approached. The spectral area of IMF components indicated a possible seizure prediction in 68.9% of the analyzed cases. Considering signals from individual EEG electrodes, the least percentage of seizure prediction was indicated by signals from T4 and F4 electrodes (52.3% and 40.7%, respectively, for spectral peaks and 23.8% and 29.6%, respectively, for spectral area). The results of regression analysis show that prediction of seizures can be possible around 20‐30 minutes prior to the actual occurrence of seizures.
Paddlewheel Complexes with Azulenes: Electronic Interaction between Metal Centers and Equatorial Ligands
Authors: Tsuchiya Takahiro , Umemura Reiya , Kaminaga Mutsumi , Kushida Shunsuke , Ohkubo Kei , Noro Shin‐Ichiro , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRhodium dinuclear complexes (1‐3) with azulene moieties as equatorial ligands were obtained by reacting Rh2(OAc)4 with guaiazulene‐2‐carboxylic acid, azulene‐2‐carboxylic acid, and azulene‐1‐carboxylic acid, respectively. The molecular structures in their crystalline states were determined by X‐ray diffraction to be 1 ⋅ (H2O)2, 1 ⋅ (MeCN)2, 2 ⋅ (MeCN)2, and 3 ⋅ (DMF)2, which were coordinated with the crystallization solvent at the axial positions. Among these, the crystal packing of 1 ⋅ (H2O)2, 1 ⋅ (MeCN)2, and 3 ⋅ (DMF)2 revealed the formation of one‐dimensional stacked chains nearly along the axial direction and of two‐dimensional stacked sheets along the equatorial direction. In addition, it was found that 1 ⋅ (H2O)2 contained cavities that could adsorb CO2, thereby inducing structural changes. Furthermore, redox measurements revealed the stepwise one‐electron redox behaviors of these complexes, indicating the intramolecular interactions between the azulene units. In addition, transient absorption measurements suggested the presence of an ultrafast intersystem crossing caused by the heavy‐atom effect of rhodium, and an extended lifetime of the triplet state due to the energy migration among the azulene ligands.
Codeword Authenticated Key Exchange (CAKE) light weight secure routing protocol for WSN
Authors: Mehra Pawan Singh , Doja Mohammad Najmud , Alam Bashir 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWireless Sensor Network (WSN) is developing rapidly and used extensively in various critical applications like military, health, environment etc. Sometimes, the WSN is indiscriminately deployed in unattended hostile terrains such as border or remote region where besides energy efficiency, security is another important issue to be addressed. The adversary can have unauthorised access which can lead to tampering, modification, interception, eavesdropping etc. With the intention of improving the energy efficacy of WSN, clustering methods are developed, but dynamic behaviour of sensor nodes with limited storage and processing makes security a more challenging problem as resource intensive security solutions are not feasible in practical scenario. Key management is capable of addressing this problem by protecting the network from different attacks. In this paper, a highly secure Codeword Authenticated Key Exchange (CAKE) protocol is proposed which is based on one‐way hashing with one time password and codeword authentication. BAN logic and Random Oracle Model are used for formal proof, and AVISPA tool is used for simulating the proposed work. CAKE is compared with other existing mutual authentication schemes which depicts significant reduction in computational time and energy consumption. The proposed protocol preserves Confidentiality, Integrity, and mutual authentication and can counter several attacks like offline guessing attack, replay attack, Dos attack, impersonation attack etc. and preserve perfect forward secrecy making the protocol suitable for various WSN applications.
Does urbanization cause stress in wild birds during development? Insights from feather corticosterone levels in juvenile house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Beaugeard Erika , Brischoux François , Henry Pierre‐Yves , Parenteau Charline , Trouvé Colette , Angelier Frédéric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUrban landscapes are associated with abiotic and biotic environmental changes that may result in potential stressors for wild vertebrates. Urban exploiters have physiological, morphological, and behavioral adaptations to live in cities. However, there is increasing evidence that urban exploiters themselves can suffer from urban conditions, especially during specific life‐history stages. We looked for a link between the degree of urbanization and the level of developmental stress in an urban exploiter (the house sparrow, Passer domesticus), which has recently been declining in multiple European cities (e.g., London, UK). Specifically, we conducted a large‐scale study and sampled juvenile sparrows in 11 urban and rural sites to evaluate their feather corticosterone (CORT) levels. We found that juvenile feather CORT levels were positively correlated with the degree of urbanization, supporting the idea that developing house sparrows may suffer from urban environmental conditions. However, we did not find any correlation between juvenile feather CORT levels and body size, mass, or body condition. This suggests either that the growth and condition of urban sparrows are not impacted by elevated developmental CORT levels, or that urban sparrows may compensate for developmental constraints once they have left the nest. Although feather CORT levels were not correlated with baseline CORT levels, we found that feather CORT levels were slightly and positively correlated with the CORT stress response in juveniles. This suggests that urban developmental conditions may potentially have long‐lasting effects on stress physiology and stress sensitivity in this urban exploiter.
Earthquake‐induced damage detection and localization in masonry structures using smart bricks and Kriging strain reconstruction: A numerical study
Authors: García‐Macías Enrique , Ubertini Filippo 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe intrinsic vulnerability of masonry structures to seismic events makes structural health monitoring of the utmost importance for the conservation of the built heritage. The development of piezoresistive bricks, also termed smart bricks, is an innovative technology recently proposed by the authors for the monitoring of such structures. Smart bricks exhibit measurable variations in their electrical properties when subjected to external loads or, alternatively, strain self‐sensing capabilities. Therefore, the deployment of a network of smart bricks into a masonry structure confers self‐diagnostic properties to the host structure. In this light, this paper presents a theoretical investigation on the application of smart bricks to full‐scale masonry structures for seismic assessment. This includes the study of the convenience of providing electrical isolation conditions to the sensors, as well as the effectiveness of smart bricks when installed into either new constructions or in pre‐existing structures. Secondly, numerical results are presented on the seismic analysis of a three‐dimensional masonry building equipped with a network of smart bricks. Finally, in order to map the strain field throughout the structure exploiting the outputs of a limited number of sensors, an interpolation‐based strain reconstruction approach is proposed.
Honey bee colony-level exposure and effects in realistic landscapes: An application of BEEHAVE simulating clothianidin residues in corn pollen
Authors: Schmolke Amelie , Abi-Akar Farah , Hinarejos Silvia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Discerning potential effects of insecticides on honey bee colonies in field studies conducted under realistic conditions can be challenging because of concurrent interactions with other environmental conditions. Honey bee colony models can control exposures and other environmental factors, as well as assess links among pollen and nectar residues in the landscape, their influx into the colony, and the resulting exposures and effects on bees at different developmental stages. We extended the colony model BEEHAVE to represent exposure to the insecticide clothianidin via residues in pollen from treated cornfields set in real agricultural landscapes in the US Midwest. We assessed their potential risks to honey bee colonies over a 1-yr cycle. Clothianidin effects on colony strength were only observed if unrealistically high residue levels in the pollen were simulated. The landscape composition significantly impacted the collection of pollen (residue exposure) from the cornfields, resulting in higher colony-level effects in landscapes with lower proportions of semi-natural land. The application of the extended BEEHAVE model with a pollen exposure-effects module provides a case study for the application of a mechanistic honey bee colony model in pesticide risk assessment integrating the impact of a range of landscape compositions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:423–435. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Overview of pollen exposure-effects module added to BEEHAVE.
Utilization of a multidisciplinary team to reduce the rate of hospital readmissions in high‐risk heart failure patients at a community teaching hospital: The pharmacist's role in transitions of care
Authors: Thurston Maria M. , Liao Tze‐chun Vivian , Lim Tanna , Pounds Teresa , Moye‐Dickerson Pamela M. 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionSince the implementation of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program, health systems have been working to reduce hospital readmission rates of patients with heart failure (HF). Of these efforts, the interventions with a multidisciplinary, multicomponent approach have lowered readmission rates as well as improved patient care, patient adherence, and patient outcomes.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to determine if the addition of a pharmacist to the Transitional Care Team (TCT) would decrease the number of high‐risk HF patients readmitted to the hospital before 30 days. Secondarily, this study assessed the change in self‐reported medication adherence.MethodsThis study was conducted at a community teaching hospital. A retrospective chart review was performed to identify HF patients who were at high risk for readmission admitted to the hospital from May 2012 to October 2013, as the historical control group. The intervention group included high‐risk patients with HF admitted from May 2014 to October 2015, who received the pharmacist‐led intervention during hospitalization and postdischarge. The pharmacist‐led intervention comprised five components: medication reconciliation, medication cost/formulary review, medication discharge counseling, providing and educating patients regarding self‐monitoring resources and postdischarge telephone follow‐up. The 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to measure patients' self‐reported medication adherence at baseline, then 30 days after discharge.ResultsThe pharmacist‐led intervention assisted in decreasing the readmission rate from 33.7% in the historical control group to 21.3% in the intervention group with a relative risk reduction of 0.696 (confidence interval: 0.488‐0.994). There was also a significant improvement in self‐reported patient medication adherence scores.ConclusionThe addition of a pharmacist to the TCT that managed HF patients was associated with a decrease in the readmission rate for patients who were at high risk of readmission and improved self‐reported patient medication adherence.
miR‐222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by temozolomide in T98G cell line
Authors: Huang Haoyu , Jiang Ran , Lian Zhenwei , Zhang Wenjuan , Hu Zuqing , Hu Dalin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ), a therapeutic DNA alkylator that can cause lethal DNA damage in cancer cells, is widely used for the standard chemotherapy against glioblastoma. However, long‐term treatment with TMZ often causes drug resistance and poor prognosis, the mechanism of which remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR‐222/GAS5 axis on DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ in glioblastoma cells (T98G). Data suggest that the DNA comet tail length of T98G is positively correlated with the levels of miR‐222 (R2 = 0.9808, P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with the levels of GAS5 (R2 = 0.8903, P < 0.05). The optical density value of T98G is negatively correlated with the levels of miR‐222 (R2 = 0.7848, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with the levels of GAS5 (R2 = 0.6886, P < 0.05). Furthermore, comet tail length and optical density value are negatively and positively correlated with the levels of O‐6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase, respectively (R2 = 0.8462, P < 0.05; R2 = 0.7018, P < 0.05). In conclusion, miR‐222/GAS5 is involved in DNA damage and cytotoxic effects induced by TMZ, which means that miR‐222/GAS5 may have great potential of being used as a biomarker for screening of chemotherapeutic alkylators.
AdoMet triggers apoptosis in head and neck squamous cancer by inducing ER stress and potentiates cell sensitivity to cisplatin
Authors: Mosca Laura , Pagano Martina , Ilisso Concetta Paola , Cave Donatella Delle , Desiderio Vincenzo , Mele Luigi , Caraglia Michele , Cacciapuoti Giovanna , Porcelli Marina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractS‐Adenosyl‐l‐methionine (AdoMet) is a naturally and widely occurring sulfonium compound that plays a primary role in cell metabolism and acts as the principal methyl donor in many methylation reactions. AdoMet also exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in different cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects exerted by AdoMet have only been partially studied. In the current study, we evaluated the antiproliferative effect of AdoMet on Cal‐33 oral and JHU‐SCC‐011 laryngeal squamous cancer cells to define the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that AdoMet induced apoptosis in Cal‐33 and JHU‐SCC‐011 cells, involving a caspase‐dependent mechanism paralleled by an increased Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. Moreover, we showed, for the first time, that AdoMet induced ER‐stress in Cal‐33 cells and activated the unfolded protein response, which can be responsible for apoptosis induction through the activation of CHOP and JNK. In addition, AdoMet‐induced ER‐stress was followed by autophagy with a consistent increase in the levels of the autophagic marker LC3B‐II, which was indeed potentiated by the autophago‐lysosome inhibitor chloroquine. As both escape from apoptosis and decreased activation of JNK are mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin (cDPP), an agent usually used in cancer therapy, we have evaluated the effects of AdoMet in combination with cDPP on Cal‐33 cells. Our data showed that the combined treatment resulted in a strong synergism in inhibiting cell proliferation and in enhancing apoptosis via intrinsic mechanism. These results demonstrate that AdoMet has ER‐stress‐mediated antiproliferative activity and synergizes with cDDP on cell growth inhibition, thus providing the basis for its use in new anticancer strategies.
Intraspecific variation in spermoderm pattern of tribe Acacieae (Mimosoideae) using scanning electron microscopy techniques
Authors: Alam Fakhre , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Shinwari Muhammad I. , Luqman Muhammad , Novruz Novruzov E. , Sultana Shazia , Ullah Farhat , Ahmad Manzoor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrent research carried out in Pakistan is the first report on spermoderm ornamentation of eight species of tribe Acacieae (Mimosoidae) by using scanning electron microscopic techniques representing two genera, Fedherbia and Acacia were examined. Different spermoderm ornamentation were observed, described and discussed for their taxonomic importance. Seeds surfaces of the studied tribe possess novel variations in macro and micro morphology. Great variations were observed in both qualitative and quantitative characters of seeds. Seeds shape was oblong, ovate to elliptical and spermoderm ornamentation was levigate, rugose, polygonal and discoid, colliculate, and papillose type. These variations in the spermoderm ornamentation can be used as an aid in identification and classification of the members of tribe Acacieae.
Plasmodium life cycle stage classification based quantification of malaria parasitaemia in thin blood smears
Authors: Abbas Naveed , Saba Tanzila , Rehman Amjad , Mehmood Zahid , kolivand Hoshang , Uddin Mueen , Anjum Adeel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVisual inspection for the quantification of malaria parasitaemiain (MP) and classification of life cycle stage are hard and time taking. Even though, automated techniques for the quantification of MP and their classification are reported in the literature. However, either reported techniques are imperfect or cannot deal with special issues such as anemia and hemoglobinopathies due to clumps of red blood cells (RBCs). The focus of the current work is to examine the thin blood smear microscopic images stained with Giemsa by digital image processing techniques, grading MP on independent factors (RBCs morphology) and classification of its life cycle stage. For the classification of the life cycle of malaria parasite the k‐nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes and multi‐class support vector machine are employed for classification based on histograms of oriented gradients and local binary pattern features. The proposed methodology is based on inductive technique, segment malaria parasites through the adaptive machine learning techniques. The quantification accuracy of RBCs is enhanced; RBCs clumps are split by analysis of concavity regions for focal points. Further, classification of infected and non‐infected RBCs has been made to grade MP precisely. The training and testing of the proposed approach on benchmark dataset with respect to ground truth data, yield 96.75% MP sensitivity and 94.59% specificity. Additionally, the proposed approach addresses the process with independent factors (RBCs morphology). Finally, it is an economical solution for MP grading in immense testing.
Adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in wavelet domain for scanning electron microscope images
Authors: Yeap Zhi Xuan , Sim Kok Swee , Tso Chih Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractImage processing is introduced to remove or reduce the noise and unwanted signal that deteriorate the quality of an image. Here, a single level two‐dimensional wavelet transform is applied to the image in order to obtain the wavelet transform sub‐band signal of an image. An estimation technique to predict the noise variance in an image is proposed, which is then fed into a Wiener filter to filter away the noise from the sub‐band of the image. The proposed filter is called adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in the wavelet domain. The performance of this filter is compared with four existing filters: median filter, Gaussian smoothing filter, two level wavelet transform with Wiener filter and adaptive noise Wiener filter. Based on the results, the adaptive tuning piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation with Wiener filter in wavelet domain has better performance than the other four methods.
A programmable microscopic stage: Design and development
Authors: Dinesh Jackson Samuel R. , Rajesh Kanna B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroscopes have become a significant part of pathological study. Currently, motorized microscopes are enabled with horizontal and vertical movements, with the facility of fast response in acquiring images or videos from the slide. During microbial screening, viewing the specimen needs following a directional path viz., zig‐zag, inward spiral, meander, and so forth. Even though the motorized movements are built‐in, human intervention is required while screening. This leads to time delay in the scanning process and may leave some portions of the specimen unattended. In this proposed system, a programmable framework to define the scanning direction for the specimen and a firmware to control the microscopic stage is implemented, to enable customization of the scanning pattern without any human intervention during complete course of screening. The user can define the customized scanning pattern using two‐dimensional (2D) graphics drawing primitives. The final drawing is converted into preparatory codes through a micro‐computer numeric controlled software, which extracts the address information relating to the movement and direction of the stage. These X, Y directional information are fed into the machine control unit for activating the linear driving system, which has servo drives and motors to power the spindle for precise microscopic stage movement. The proposed system is cost effective and reduces the reliance on technicians in examining the whole slide. The system is also portable and can be attached to any conventional or fluorescence microscope. Some pre‐defined scanning patterns have been tested for the stage movements and validated in this work.