bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Determination of Silver Metal Ion Using Polyamine‐Based Ratiometric Chemosensor in an Aqueous Medium and Its Real‐Time Applicability as a Silver Sink
Authors: Verma Meenakshi , Kaur Amanpreet , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite its antibacterial activity, silver also posses potential threats to the environment and human health. An excess of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) released from various sources may enter the environment and have adverse effects on microbial communities. Therefore detection of free silver becomes an important task especially in aqueous medium. In this work, we have synthesized polyamine‐based ratiometric silver sensor 3. In order to evaluate the activity of 3 in aqueous medium, it was processed into organic nanoparticles using re‐precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The detection limit of this sensor is determined to be 2 nM. Silver sink effect of the synthesized probe has also been determined using E. coli as a bacterial probe.
Water‐PEG‐400 Mediated an Efficient One‐Pot Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Functionalized Isoxazole Substituted Chromeno[2, 3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Ponduri Rajasekhar , Kumar Pramod , Vadali Lakshmana RAO , Modugu Nagi Reddy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA green, straightforward, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of a new series of isoxazolyl chromeno[2, 3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carboxylate derivatives have been reported by one‐pot reaction of isoxazolyl enamino esters and 3‐formylchromones by employing water as a reaction medium and polyethylene glycol‐400 (PEG‐400) as the green promoter. The superiority of this protocol is environmentally benign, simple operation, metal‐free, broad substrate scope, good yields, less reaction time and PEG‐400 can be recovered and reused. Most significant of all, this protocol is green.
An Improved Synthetic Protocol for Benzothiazoles via Ring Opening of Benzotriazole
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Singh Anoop S. , Tiwari Vinod K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn improved procedure for the construction of benzothiazole scaffold via intramolecular cyclative cleavage of benzotriazole ring under free radical condition was successfully accomplished. The protocol utilises NaBH4 which regenerates the active reagent n‐Bu3SnH in the reaction medium and makes this method cost effective and less toxic as a substitute of expensive and toxic silanes.
Microwave‐Assisted Decarbonylative Coupling Reaction of o‐Halobenzamides for Phenanthridinone Synthesis
Authors: Chen Xuwen , Liu Yunyun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe microwave assisted synthesis of valuable phenanthridinones via the homo‐annulation of o‐halobenzamides is realized via palladium catalysis. The formation of the products involves in the reductive coupling of aromatic C−X (X=Br, I) bond and the decarbonylative coupling of amide. With this method, a broad array of free NH and N‐substituted phenanthridinones have been rapidly synthesized.
Deep‐Blue OLED Fabrication from Heptazine Columnar Liquid Crystal Based AIE‐Active Sky‐Blue Emitter
Authors: Bala Indu , Ming Lee , Yadav Rohit Ashok Kumar , De Joydip , Dubey Deepak Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Singh Harpreet , Jou Jwo‐Huei , Kailasam Kamalakannan , Pal Santanu Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA newly discovered electron‐deficient s‐Heptazine discotic core has been used for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) applications. The compound exhibits aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic, while most of other discotics reported so far, show aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) behavior. It (Hpz‐3C12) shows sky‐blue light emission in a solid state while weakly emissive in the solution state. The solution‐processed OLEDs have been fabricated from Hpz‐3C12 by using host‐guest configuration by doping with different hosts and found to display deep‐blue emission. The device shows the best efficiency with CBP‐host with 3 wt. % dopant (Hpz‐3C12) concentration.
Palladium Catalysis: One‐Pot Synthesis of Fluorenones
Authors: Kumar Devarapalli Ravi , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of fluorenones from simple bromobenzaldehydes and arylboronic acids, is presented. The process involves the formation of dual C–C bond without isolating the initial Suzuki coupled product. Significantly, the strategy delivered the products in good to excellent yields and scale‐up reaction is also feasible.
Metallic Cobalt–Carbon Composite as Recyclable and Robust Magnetic Photocatalyst for Efficient CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhao Shenlong , Gao Chao , Qi Jian , Yin Huajie , Wei Ding , Mideksa Megasia Feyissa , Wang Xiaoli , Gao Yan , Tang Zhiyong , Yu Ranbo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCO2 conversion into value‐added chemical fuels driven by solar energy is an intriguing approach to address the current and future demand of energy supply. Currently, most reported surface‐sensitized heterogeneous photocatalysts present poor activity and selectivity under visible light irradiation. Here, photosensitized porous metallic and magnetic 1200 CoC composites (PMMCoCC‐1200) are coupled with a [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 photosensitizer to efficiently reduce CO2 under visible‐light irradiation in a selective and sustainable way. As a result, the CO production reaches a high yield of 1258.30 µL with selectivity of 64.21% in 6 h, superior to most reported heterogeneous photocatalysts. Systematic investigation demonstrates that the central metal cobalt is the active site for activating the adsorbed CO2 molecules and the surficial graphite carbon coating on cobalt metal is crucial for transferring the electrons from the triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer of the photosensitizer Ru(bpy)32+, which gives rise to significant enhancement for CO2 reduction efficiency. The fast electron injection from the excited Ru(bpy)32+ to PMMCoCC‐1200 and the slow backward charge recombination result in a long‐lived, charge‐separated state for CO2 reduction. More impressively, the long‐time stability and easy magnetic recycling ability of this metallic photocatalyst offer more benefits to the photocatalytic field.
A Modular Solder System with Hierarchical Morphology and Backward Compatibility
Authors: Lee Han Bit , Kim Young Won , Kim Sang Hoon , Park Suk Hee , Choi Joon‐Phil , Aranas Clodualdo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA modular solder system with hierarchical morphology and micro/nanofeatures in which solder nanoparticles are distributed on the surface of template micropowders is reported. A core–shell structure of subsidiary nanostructures, which improved the intended properties of the modular solder is also presented. In addition, polymer additives can be used not only as an adhesive (like epoxy resin) but also to impart other functions. By combining all of these, it is determined that the modular solder system is able to increase reflowability on a heat‐sensitive plastic substrate, oxidation resistance, and electrical conductivity. In this respect, the system could be readily modified by changing the structure and composition of each constituent and adopting backward compatibility with which the knowledge and information attained from a previously designed solder can offer feedback toward further improving the properties of a newly designed one. In practice, In–Sn–Bi nanoparticles engineered on the surface of Sn–Zn micropowders result in pronounced reflowing on a flexible Au‐coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate even at the low temperature of 110 °C. Depending on their respective concentrations, the incorporation of CuO@CeO2 nanostructures and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymers increases oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the modular solder.
Renewable Time‐Responsive DNA Circuits
Authors: Garg Sudhanshu , Shah Shalin , Bui Hieu , Song Tianqi , Mokhtar Reem , Reif John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDNA devices have been shown to be capable of evaluating Boolean logic. Several robust designs for DNA circuits have been demonstrated. Some prior DNA‐based circuits are use‐once circuits since the gate motifs of the DNA circuits get permanently destroyed as a side effect of the computation, and hence cannot respond correctly to subsequent changes in inputs. Other DNA‐based circuits use a large reservoir of buffered gates to replace the working gates of the circuit and can be used to drive a finite number of computation cycles. In many applications of DNA circuits, the inputs are inherently asynchronous, and this necessitates that the DNA circuits be asynchronous: the output must always be correct regardless of differences in the arrival time of inputs. This paper demonstrates: 1) renewable DNA circuits, which can be manually reverted to their original state by addition of DNA strands, and 2) time‐responsive DNA circuits, where if the inputs change over time, the DNA circuit can recompute the output correctly based on the new inputs, that are manually added after the system has been reset. The properties of renewable, asynchronous, and time‐responsiveness appear to be central to molecular‐scale systems; for example, self‐regulation in cellular organisms.
Modulated Triple‐Material Nano‐Heterostructures: Where Gold Influenced the Chemical Activity of Silver in Nanocrystals
Authors: Sahu Puspanjali , Prusty Gyanaranjan , Guria Amit K. , Pradhan Narayan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor efficient charge separations, multimaterial hetero‐nanostructures are being extensively studied as photocatalysts. While materials with one heterojunction are widely established, the chemistry of formation of multijunction heterostructures is not explored. This needs a more sophisticated approach and modulations. To achieve these, a generic multistep seed mediated growth following controlled ion diffusion and ion exchange is reported which successfully leads to triple‐material hetero‐nanostructures with bimetallic‐binary alloy‐binary/ternary semiconductors arrangements. Ag2S nanocrystals are used as primary seeds for obtaining AuAg‐AuAgS bimetallic‐binary alloyed metal–semiconductor heterostructures via partial reduction of Ag(I) using Au(III) ions. These are again explored as secondary seeds for obtaining a series of triple‐materials heterostructures, AuAg‐AuAgS‐CdS (or ZnS or AgInS2), with introduction of different divalent and trivalent ions. Chemistry of each step of the gold ion–induced changes in the rate of diffusion and/or ion exchanges are investigated and the formation mechanism for these nearly monodisperse triple material heterostructures are proposed. Reactions without gold are also performed, and the change in the reaction chemistry and growth mechanism in presence of Au is also discussed.
Cloaked Exosomes: Biocompatible, Durable, and Degradable Encapsulation
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Michael Issac J. , Park Juhee , Granick Steve , Cho Yoon‐Kyoung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExosomes—nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally secreted from cells—have emerged as promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic vehicles, but methods to manipulate them for engineering purposes remain elusive. Among the technical obstacles are the small size and surface complexity of exosomes and the complex processing steps required, which reduce the biocompatibility of currently available methods. The encapsulation of exosomes with a nanofilm of supramolecular complexes of ferric ions (Fe3+) and tannic acid is demonstrated here. The resulting natural polyphenol, ≈10 nm thick, protects exosomes from external aggressors such as UV‐C irradiation or heat and is controllably degraded on demand. Furthermore, gold nanoparticles can be covalently attached for single‐exosome level visualization. To fully exploit their therapeutic potential, chemotherapeutic drug‐loaded EVs are functionalized to achieve the targeted, selective killing of cancer cells preferentially over normal cells. This nanofilm not only preserves the native size and chemical makeup of the intrinsic exosomes, but also confers new capabilities for efficient tumor targeting and pH‐controlled release of drugs. Demonstrating a scalable method to produce biocompatible, durable, on‐demand degradable, and chemically controllable shields for exosome modification and functionalization, the methods introduced here are expected to bring the potential of exosome‐based nanomedicine applications closer to reality.
Experimental validation of a deep neural network—Sparse representation classification ensemble method
Authors: Fallahian Milad , Khoshnoudian Faramarz , Talaei Saeid , Meruane Viviana , Shadan Fariba 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn the current study, a new pattern recognition‐based damage detection technique is developed using the frequency response function of the structure. Principal component analysis is employed as an authoritative feature extraction method for dimensional reduction of the measured frequency response function data and constructing distinct feature patterns. Subsequently, as a novel approach, an ensemble of 2 powerful classifiers containing deep neural networks and couple sparse coding classification is utilized for damage prediction of the structure because there is no individual optimal classifier for all the problems. Verification of the proposed method is evaluated by an aluminum beam experimental setup besides a numerical 3D finite element model of a truss bridge. Damage detection results elucidate that the ensemble method decisions are much more accurate compared with the individual classifier decision. The proposed ensemble method verifies to be a novel, robust, and powerful damage detection process.
Pluvial flood risk and opportunities for resilience
Authors: Rosenzweig Bernice R. , McPhillips Lauren , Chang Heejun , Cheng Chingwen , Welty Claire , Matsler Marissa , Iwaniec David , Davidson Cliff I. 
Published: July 2018

The risk presented by pluvial flooding has emerged as a critical issue in urban water management. Pluvial flooding occurs when precipitation intensity exceeds the capacity of natural and engineered drainage systems, and it is expected to increase in frequency, severity and impact through the 21st century due to the combined effects of climate change and urbanization. Although there have been recent advances in approaches to assess the risk presented pluvial flooding and to enhance the resilience of cities to its impacts, they have not been broadly implemented and there are many opportunities for additional research. We provide case studies of pluvial flooding in six cities in the continental United States, which serve as examples of the current vulnerability of cities that have not developed comprehensive pluvial flood management plans and the challenges in conducting pluvial flood research in light of existing data gaps. We also identify key research challenges that should be prioritized by the interdisciplinary water research community to better support urban resilience practice.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water Quality
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Presynaptic disorders: a clinical and pathophysiological approach focused on the synaptic vesicle
Authors: Cortès‐Saladelafont Elisenda , Lipstein Noa , García‐Cazorla Àngels 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this report is to present a tentative clinical and pathophysiological approach to diseases affecting the neuronal presynaptic terminal, with a major focus on synaptic vesicles (SVs). Diseases are classified depending on which step of the neurobiology of the SV is predominantly affected: (1) biogenesis of vesicle precursors in the neuronal soma; (2) transport along the axon; (3) vesicle cycle at the presynaptic terminal (exocytosis–endocytosis cycle, with the main purpose of neurotransmitter release). Given that SVs have been defined as individual organelles, we highlight the link between the biological processes disturbed by genetic mutations and the clinical presentation of these disorders. The great majority of diseases may present as epileptic encephalopathies, intellectual disability (syndromic or nonsyndromic) with/without autism spectrum disorder (and other neuropsychiatric symptoms), and movement disorders. These symptoms may overlap and present in patients as a combination of clinical signs that results in the spectrum of the synaptopathies. A small number of diseases may also exhibit neuromuscular signs. In general, SV disorders tend to be severe, early encephalopathies that interfere with neurodevelopment. As a consequence, developmental delay and intellectual disability are constant in almost all the defects described. Considering that some of these diseases might mimic other neurometabolic conditions (and in particular treatable disorders), an initial extensive metabolic workup should always be considered. Further knowledge into pathophysiological mechanisms and biomarkers, as well as descriptions of new presynaptic disorders, will probably take place in the near future.
ARROGANCE, TRUTH AND PUBLIC DISCOURSE
Authors: Lynch Michael Patrick 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDemocracies, Dewey and others have argued, are ideally spaces of reasons – they allow for an exchange of reasons both practical and epistemic by those willing to engage in that discourse. That requires that citizens have convictions they believe in, but it also requires that they be willing to listen to each other. This paper examines how a particular psychological attitude, “epistemic arrogance,” can undermine the achievement of these goals. The paper presents an analysis of this attitude and then examines four arguments for how its adoption – especially by the powerful – undermines the ideal of democracy as a space of reasons.
RATIONAL STABILITY UNDER PRAGMATIC ENCROACHMENT
Authors: Schroeder Mark 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper I will be concerned with the relationship between pragmatic encroachment and the rational instability of belief. I will be concerned to make five points: first, that some defenders of pragmatic encroachment are indeed committed to predictable rational instability of belief; second, that rational instability is indeed troublesome – particularly when it is predictable; third, that the bare thesis of pragmatic encroachment is not committed to rational instability of belief at all; fourth, that the view that Jake Ross and I have called the ‘reasoning disposition’ account of belief has the right structure to predict limited and stable pragmatic encroachment on the rationality of belief; and fifth and finally, that the very best cases for pragmatic encroachment are rationally stable in the right ways.
Molecular Fingerprinting of14C Dated Soil Organic Matter Fractions from Archaeological Settings in NW Spain
Authors: Ferro-Vázquez Cruz , Kaal Joeri , Santos Arévalo Francisco Javier , Criado Boado Felipe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper evaluates the complexities of radiocarbon (14C) dates from soil organic matter (SOM) in archaeological scenarios. The aqueous NaOH-insoluble residual SOM from Neolithic to medieval sites in NW Spain produced consistently older calibrated14C ages than NaOH-extractable SOM. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) and thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (THM-GC-MS), we analyzed the molecular composition of these SOM fractions, aiming to understand the differences in14C ages and to gain insight on SOM dynamics in relation to age fractionation. The molecular composition of the NaOH-extractable SOM, which accounts for roughly two-thirds of total SOM, has a larger proportion of microbial detritus than the NaOH-insoluble SOM. This might suggest that the discrepancies between the two fractions is due to microbial rejuvenation in the extractable fraction, leading to14C results that are younger than the activity that is to be dated. However, archaeological evidence presented here unambiguously shows that the14C age of the extractable SOM provides the more accurate age for the targeted activity, and that the insoluble fraction contains inherited old carbon. After statistical data evaluation using Partial Least Squares-Regression (PLS-R), it is concluded that this inherited SOM is a mixture of Black Carbon from wild and/or domestic fires and recalcitrant aliphatic SOM.
Depletion and repletion of fruit and vegetable intake alters serum bone turnover markers: a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention
Authors: Cao Jay J. , Whigham Leah D. , Jahns Lisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of elevated fruit and vegetable intake on bone turnover markers. In all, twenty-nine subjects (nine male and twenty female, with a mean age of 32·1 (sem2·5) years) participated in a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention trial and consumed a prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-1), a provided high-fruit and vegetable diet for 8 weeks (fruit: 360–560 g; vegetables: 450–705 g), another prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-2) and then their usual diets for 8 weeks (repletion). Serum bone-related biomarkers were analysed with commercial ELISA kits. Plasma carotenoid levels decreased as a result of the depletion phase and increased with the high-fruit and vegetable diet. Compared with the baseline, depletion-1 resulted in higher serum bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and lower bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase (BAP) (CTX, 0·68 (sem0·05)v. 0·97 (sem0·08) ng/ml and BAP, 10·7 (sem0·7)v. 9·5 (sem0·8) µg/l for the baseline and the depletion-1, respectively,P<0·05). High intake of fruit and vegetables decreased serum CTX (P<0·05) to 0·60 (sem0·04) ng/ml and increased serum BAP to 11·3 (sem0·7) µg/l (P<0·05), compared with the depletion-1 phase. Serum concentrations of CTX were inversely correlated and those of BAP were positively correlated with blood lycopene. These data show that increased fruit and vegetable consumption at or above federal dietary guidance may be beneficial to bone health.
Life's Labors Lost: Priestly Death and Returning Home From a City of Refuge in Ancient Israel
Authors: Whitekettle Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccording to Numbers 35:9–34, someone who had killed an innocent person intentionally was to be killed by an avenger of blood. However, someone who had killed an innocent person inadvertently was allowed to take up residence in a city of refuge where he (the legislation appears to be focused on males) would be shielded from being killed by this avenger. After the death of the high priest, the inadvertent killer could leave the city and return home safely.This paper analyzes the six most common and substantial explanations for why an inadvertent killer could leave a city of refuge and return home after the death of the high priest, and shows why they cannot be correct. Another explanation is then offered, the basic elements of which are as follows.An inadvertent killer was confined to a city of refuge in order to equalize the circumstances of the killer and his family/kin group with the circumstances of the victim and his family/kin group: specifically, the confinement of the killer in a city of refuge removed his presence and labor from his family/kin group just as the death of the victim had removed his presence and labor from his family/kin group. The legists behind Numbers 35:9–34, however, deemed it right and fair to limit the duration of that equalization to what the victim and his family/kin group had actually lost: the unfulfilled balance of the victim's natural lifespan. Since there was no way to know when the victim's natural lifespan would actually have come to an end, the legists availed themselves of the high priest's representational function, and used his death to represent when the natural death of the victim would have taken place. An inadvertent killer was, therefore, released from confinement after the high priest died, and his circumstances were normalized.