bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional MRI reveals effects of high intraocular pressure on central nervous system in high‐tension glaucoma patients
Authors: Wang Yi , Lu Weizhao , Yan Tingqin , Zhou Jian , Xie Yuanzhong , Yuan Jiumin , Liu Guangling , Teng Yufang , Han Wenhui , Chen Di , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of high intraocular pressure (IOP) on central nervous system in patients with high‐tension glaucoma (HTG) by using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI).MethodsThirty‐six patients with HTG and twenty age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent IOP measurement and rs‐fMRI scan. The whole brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) value was calculated among the enrolled subjects. Two‐sample t tests with permutation test and threshold‐free cluster enhancement was performed between HTG group and HCs. Correlation analyses between IOP and ReHo values were conducted.ResultsCompared with HCs, HTG group showed increased ReHo values in the left lobule 8 of cerebellar hemisphere, left lobule 4 and 5 of cerebellar hemisphere and left fusiform gyrus (FG) (p < 0.05). HTG group showed decreased ReHo value in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) (p < 0.05). Intraocular pressure of the left eye in HTG group experienced a significant positive correlation with ReHo value of the left FG (r = 0.370, p = 0.026), IOP of the right eye in HTG group showed a significant negative correlation with ReHo value in the left MFG (r = −0.421, p = 0.011).ConclusionResting‐state fMRI ReHo analyses associated elevated IOP with abnormal regional activity in several brain regions related to higher visual function and visual memory consolidation. High‐tension glaucoma patients also showed diminished integration of visual information and cerebellar function. These results may provide imaging support for pathophysiological research of HTG and may reveal new targets for the accurate treatment of HTG.
Complexity of glandular architecture should be reconsidered in the classification and management of endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Travaglino Antonio , Raffone Antonio , Saccone Gabriele , Mollo Antonio , De Placido Giuseppe , Mascolo Massimo , Insabato Luigi , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: February 2019

The 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) defines premalignant EH based on only cytologic atypia, disregarding architecture complexity. We aimed to assess the impact of architecture complexity on the risk of cancer in non‐atypical EH. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed by searching electronic databases form their inception to October 2018. All studies assessing the rates of progression to cancer in non‐atypical EH (simple vs complex) were included. Pooled relative risk (RR) for cancer progression was calculated; a p‐value < 0.05 was considered significant. Eight studies with 1066 women were included. The risk for progression of non‐atypical EH to cancer was significantly higher in complex EH than in simple EH (p < 0.0001), with an RR of 4.90. In conclusion, the complexity of glandular architecture significantly increases the risk of cancer in non‐atypical EH. Complex non‐atypical EH may be regarded as a low‐risk premalignant lesion rather than a benign condition.
Outcomes following restrictive or liberal red blood cell transfusion in patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Kherad Omar , Restellini Sophie , Martel Myriam , Sey Michael , Murphy Michael F. , Oakland Kathryn , Barkun Alan , Jairath Vipul 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundRestrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion reduces mortality and rebleeding after upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, there is no evidence to guide transfusion strategies in lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).AimTo assess the association between RBC transfusion strategies and outcomes in patients with LGIBMethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the UK National Comparative Audit of LGIB and the Use of Blood. The relationships between liberal RBC transfusion and clinical outcomes of rebleeding, mortality and a composite outcome for safe discharge were examined. Transfusion strategy was dichotomised and defined as “liberal” when transfusion was administered for haemoglobin (Hb) ≥80 g/L (or ≥90 g/L in patients with acute coronary syndrome) or major haemorrhage, and “restrictive” otherwise. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the independent association between liberal RBC transfusion and outcomes.ResultsOf 2528 consecutive patients enrolled from 143 hospitals in the original study, 666 (26.3%) received RBC transfusion (mean age 73.3 ± 16 years, 49% female, initial mean haemoglobin 90 ± 24 g/L, 2.3% had haemodynamic instability). The rebleeding rate in transfused patients was 42.3%. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no difference between liberal and restrictive RBC transfusion strategies for the odds of rebleeding (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.6‐1.22), in‐hospital mortality (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.3‐1.1) or of achieving the composite outcome (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.5‐1.1).ConclusionAlthough these results could be due to residual confounding, they provide an important foundation for the design of randomised trials to evaluate transfusion strategies for LGIB.
The impact of human CES1 genetic variation on enzyme activity assessed by ritalinic acid/methylphenidate ratios
Authors: Stage Claus , Dalhoff Kim , Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Schow Guski Louise , Thomsen Ragnar , Bjerre Ditte , Ferrero‐Miliani Laura , Busk Madsen Majbritt , Jürgens Gesche 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present clinical trial investigated the impact of selected SNPs in CES1 on the metabolic activity of the enzyme. For this purpose, we used methylphenidate (MPH) as a pharmacological probe and the d‐RA/d‐MPH (metabolite/parent drug) ratios as a measure of enzymatic activity. This metabolic ratio (MR) was validated against the AUC ratios (AUCd‐RA/AUCd‐MPH). CES1 SNPs from 120 volunteers were identified, and 12 SNPs fulfilling predefined inclusion criteria were analysed separately, comparing the effect of each genotype on the metabolic ratios. The SNP criteria were as follows: presence of Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, a minor allele frequency ≥ 0.01 and a clearly interpretable sequencing result in at least 30% of the individuals. Each participant ingested 10 mg of racemic methylphenidate, and blood samples were drawn prior to and 3 hours after drug administration. The SNP analysis confirmed the considerable impact of rs71647871 (G143E) in exon 4 on drug metabolism. In addition, three volunteers with markedly lower median MR, indicating decreased CES1 activity, harboured the same combination of three SNPs in intron 5. The median MR for these SNPs was 8.2 for the minor allele compared to 16.4 for the major alleles (P = 0.04). Hence, one of these or the combination of these SNPs could be of clinical significance considering that the median MR of the G143E group was 5.4. The precise genetic relationship of this finding is currently unknown, as is the clinical significance.
Histamine, histamine H3 receptor, and alcohol use disorder
Authors: Panula Pertti 
Published: February 2019

Alcohol use disorder is associated with several mental, physical, and social problems. Its treatment is difficult and often requires a combination of pharmacological and behavioural therapy. The brain histaminergic system, one of the wake‐active systems that controls whole‐brain activity, operates through three neuronal GPCRs. The histamine H3 receptor (Hrh3), which is expressed in many brain areas involved in alcohol drinking and alcohol reward, can be targeted with a number of drugs developed initially for cognitive disorders and/or disorders related to sleep, wakefulness, and alertness. In all rodent alcohol drinking models tested so far, H3 receptor antagonists have reduced alcohol drinking and alcohol‐induced place preference and cue‐induced alcohol reinstatement. Several H3 receptor antagonists tested and found to be safe for humans could be subjected to clinical tests to treat alcohol use disorder. Preference should be given to short‐acting drugs to avoid the sleep problems associated with the wake‐maintaining effects of the drugs.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc
Therapeutic efficacy evaluation of radioimmunotherapy with 90Y‐labeled anti‐podoplanin antibody NZ‐12 for mesothelioma
Authors: Sudo Hitomi , Tsuji Atsushi B. , Sugyo Aya , Saga Tsuneo , Kaneko Mika K. , Kato Yukinari , Higashi Tatsuya 
Published: February 2019

Podoplanin is a type I transmembrane sialomucin‐like glycoprotein that is highly expressed in malignant mesothelioma. The rat‐human chimeric antibody NZ‐12 has high affinity for human podoplanin and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and is applicable for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) to enhance the antitumor effect. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo and in vitro properties of radiolabeled NZ‐12 and the antitumor effect of RIT with 90Y‐labeled NZ‐12 in an NCI‐H226 (H226) malignant mesothelioma xenograft mouse model. 111In‐labeled NZ‐12 bound specifically to H226 cells with high affinity, and accumulation was high in H226 tumors but low in major organs. RIT with 90Y‐labeled NZ‐12 significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival without body weight loss and obvious adverse effects. Higher podoplanin expression levels were observed in human mesothelioma specimens, suggesting higher tumor accumulation of 90Y‐labeled NZ‐12 in patients compared with the H226 tumor xenografts. Our findings suggest that 90Y‐labeled NZ‐12 is a promising RIT agent as a new therapeutic option for malignant mesothelioma that warrants further clinical studies to evaluate the dosimetry and efficacy in patients.
Gender differences in Australasian ophthalmologists' experiences of the workplace
Authors: Jain Neeranjali S. , Kersten Hannah M. , Watson Stephanie L. , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImportanceGender differences were identified in experiences of the workplace and family responsibilities amongst Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists.BackgroundTo survey ophthalmologists regarding their balance of career, family and workplace experiences and to identify gender differences.DesignOnline questionnaire sent to 1000 randomly selected Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists (RANZCO) Fellows in 2017.ParticipantsThe response rate was 28% (n = 282) with 192 males.MethodsConfidential questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasuresQuestionnaire responses.ResultsGender differences were noted in working hours (59% of males worked greater than 40 hours a week vs 26% of females, P < 0.001) and frequency of private practice work (mean of 6.6 half‐day sessions per week for men vs 4.9 sessions for women, P < 0.001). Female ophthalmologists reported additional obstacles to career advancement including difficulty receiving mentorship (57% vs 40%, P = 0.027), travel difficulties due to family responsibilities (59% vs 34%, P < 0.001) and rigid timelines for promotion/tenure (38% vs 19%, P = 0.005). Female ophthalmologists delayed child‐bearing, with 59% becoming parents after fellowship training. Women spent more time child‐rearing (67% vs 8% of men cared for children >20 hours per week, P < 0.001). Female ophthalmologists were more likely to report experiencing discrimination (31% vs 8% of men, P < 0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceFemale ophthalmologists worked fewer hours, mainly in the private sector, to fulfil their greater family commitments. Female ophthalmologists reported additional obstacles to career advancement and were more likely to report experiencing discrimination in the workplace.
New Zealand childhood ocular trauma study: Analysis of 75 601 cases of ocular injury from 2007 to 2016
Authors: Ferguson Reid A. , Sung Justin , McKelvie James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImportanceChildhood ocular injury is a common, preventable cause of potentially severe permanent disability.BackgroundThis study evaluates the nationwide incidence, demographics and visual outcomes of children with ocular injury in New Zealand.DesignNationwide retrospective review.ParticipantsAll children in New Zealand aged 0 to 17 years from 2007 to 2016 with ocular injury requiring assessment by a medical practitioner.MethodsNew Zealand national and regional datasets were used to evaluate population‐level statistics for ocular injury over a 10‐year period. Visual and clinical outcome data were assessed using a randomized sample of 150 patients.Main Outcome MeasuresAnnual incidence, aetiology, demographics, injury location, visual outcomes, protective eyewear use, surgical intervention and follow‐up.ResultsA national total of 75 601 cases were included with a mean incidence of 719/100 000 children/year. Cases were predominantly male (63.2%) and of New Zealand‐European ethnicity (60.8%), aged 0 to 4 years (30.66%). Injury cause was most commonly “struck by object” (53.7%) and occurred in the home (50.9%). Tertiary hospital assessment and treatment was required in 17.7% where final visual acuity of 6/12 or worse was noted in 19.7% and protective eyewear use was reported in 2.7%. Maori and Pacific ethnicities were associated with higher rates of permanent visual impairment.Conclusions and RelevanceChildren with the highest risk of ocular injury are males aged 0 to 4 years. Children of Maori or Pacific Island ethnicity and aged 15 to 17 years have the highest risk of ocular injury resulting in permanent visual impairment. Protective eyewear use is uncommon in children presenting with ocular injury. Promotion of appropriate injury prevention strategies is an important public health message.
Phylogenomic analysis of Calyptratae: resolving the phylogenetic relationships within a major radiation of Diptera
Authors: Narayanan Kutty Sujatha , Meusemann Karen , Bayless Keith M. , Marinho Marco A. T. , Pont Adrian C. , Zhou Xin , Misof Bernhard , Wiegmann Brian M. , Yeates David , Cerretti Pierfilippo , Meier Rudolf , Pape Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Calyptratae, one of the most species‐rich fly clades, only originated and diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene extinction event and yet exhibit high species diversity and a diverse array of life history strategies including predation, phytophagy, saprophagy, haematophagy and parasitism. We present the first phylogenomic analysis of calyptrate relationships. The analysis is based on 40 species representing all calyptrate families and on nucleotide and amino acid data for 1456 single‐copy protein‐coding genes obtained from shotgun sequencing of transcriptomes. Topologies are overall well resolved, robust and largely congruent across trees obtained with different approaches (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, coalescent‐based species tree, four‐cluster likelihood mapping). Many nodes have 100% bootstrap and jackknife support, but the true support varies by more than one order of magnitude [Bremer support from 3 to 3427; random addition concatenation analysis (RADICAL) gene concatenation size from 10 to 1456]. Analyses of a Dayhoff‐6 recoded amino acid dataset also support the robustness of many clades. The backbone topology Hippoboscoidea+(Fanniidae+(Muscidae+((Anthomyiidae–Scathophagidae)+Oestroidea))) is strongly supported and most families are monophyletic (exceptions: Anthomyiidae and Calliphoridae). The monotypic Ulurumyiidae is either alone or together with Mesembrinellidae as the sister group to the rest of Oestroidea. The Sarcophagidae are sister to Mystacinobiidae+Oestridae. Polleniinae emerge as sister group to Tachinidae and the monophyly of the clade Calliphorinae+Luciliinae is well supported, but the phylogenomic data cannot confidently place the remaining blowfly subfamilies (Helicoboscinae, Ameniinae, Chrysomyinae). Compared to hypotheses from the Sanger sequencing era, many clades within the muscoid grade are congruent but now have much higher support. Within much of Oestroidea, Sanger era and phylogenomic data struggle equally with regard to finding well‐supported hypotheses.
Comanagement of small‐scale fisheries and ecosystem services
Authors: Gelcich Stefan , Martínez‐Harms Maria José , Tapia‐Lewin Sebastián , Vasquez‐Lavin Felipe , Ruano‐Chamorro Cristina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMarine ecosystem services are in global decline, which requires new transformational changes in governance to cope with multiple anthropogenic stressors. We perform a systematic literature review of the biodiversity and ecosystem services outcomes of a governance transformation toward comanagement through the allocation of territorial user rights to artisanal fisher associations (TURFs) in Chile. We synthesize the implications of more than 25 years of establishing a TURF policy over ecosystem services. Results show TURFs sustain biodiversity and all typologies of ecosystem services when they are well enforced. Research on provisioning services is most prevalent, however cultural services have been gaining traction with studies assessing the role of leadership, sanctions, and social capital in determining TURF outcomes. The results suggest that TURFs can play an important role in creating social and ecological enabling conditions for local stewardship. While this is encouraging, there is a bias toward positive results and few studies address negative consequences of TURFs aimed at identifying constraints for further development. The review shows that there has been a continuous transition toward interdisciplinary social–ecological research. Research on TURFs faced with drivers of global change and uncertainty are urgently needed, in order to anticipate unintended outcomes and adapt accordingly.
Comparing the effects and compliance between volume‐assured and pressure support non‐invasive ventilation in patients with chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Huang Xu An , Du Yan Ping , Li Liu Xia , Wu Fang Fang , Hong Shao Qing , Tang Fang Xuan , Ye Zhang Qiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionStandard bi‐level non‐invasive ventilation with fixed‐level pressure support (PS) delivery may not maintain ventilation during the changes in pulmonary mechanics that occur throughout day and night, so average volume‐assured pressure support (AVAPS) modes that target a preset volume by adjustment of PS may be effective.ObjectiveOur meta‐analysis wants to compare AVAPS and pressure support non‐invasive ventilation (PS‐NIV) regarding arterial blood gases (ABGs), sleep efficiency and compliance.MethodRelevant publications indexed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and VIPI were identified. Appropriate articles identified from the reference lists of the above searches were also reviewed. We included randomized controlled trials involved the use of AVAPS and PS‐NIV ventilation for chronic respiratory failure. Each included study weighted mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous outcomes. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value ≤ 50% were considered as no statistical heterogeneity and used fixed effects model. Otherwise, a random effects model was used.ResultsEight trials were eligible. No significant difference was observed between AVAPS and PS‐NIV groups to compare PaCO2 (OR −0.97, CI‐2.54‐0.61, P = 0.23) and PaO2 (OR −1.81, CI‐4.29‐0.67, P = 0.15) in ABGs. There was no significant difference between the two groups with sleep efficiency (OR −3.31, CI‐7.58‐0.95, P = 0.13) and visual analog scale (OR 0.32, CI‐6.97‐7.61, P = 0.93).ConclusionsThe evidence shows there is no significant difference in clinical outcomes when comparing AVAPS and PS‐NIV used for chronic respiratory failure patients.
Early adversity in rural India impacts the brain networks underlying visual working memory
Authors: Wijeakumar Sobanawartiny , Kumar Aarti , Delgado Reyes Lourdes M. , Tiwari Madhuri , Spencer John P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a growing need to understand the global impact of poverty on early brain and behavioural development, particularly with regard to key cognitive processes that emerge in early development. Although the impact of adversity on brain development can trap children in an intergenerational cycle of poverty, the massive potential for brain plasticity is also a source of hope: reliable, accessible, culturally agnostic methods to assess early brain development in low resource settings might be used to measure the impact of early adversity, identify infants for timely intervention and guide the development and monitor the effectiveness of early interventions. Visual working memory (VWM) is an early marker of cognitive capacity that has been assessed reliably in early infancy and is predictive of later academic achievement in Western countries. Here, we localized the functional brain networks that underlie VWM in early development in rural India using a portable neuroimaging system, and we assessed the impact of adversity on these brain networks. We recorded functional brain activity as young children aged 4–48 months performed a VWM task. Brain imaging results revealed localized activation in the frontal cortex, replicating findings from a Midwestern US sample. Critically, children from families with low maternal education and income showed weaker brain activity and poorer distractor suppression in canonical working memory areas in the left frontal cortex. Implications of this work are far‐reaching: it is now cost‐effective to localize functional brain networks in early development in low‐resource settings, paving the way for novel intervention and assessment methods.
Predictive value of global and territorial longitudinal strain imaging in detecting significant coronary artery disease in patients with myocardial infarction without persistent ST‐segment elevation
Authors: Atici Adem , Barman Hasan Ali , Durmaz Eser , Demir Koray , Cakmak Ramazan , Tugrul Sevil , Elitok Ali , Onur İmran , Sahin İrfan , Oncul Aytac 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionTwo‐dimensional (2D) speckle‐tracking echocardiographic (STE) imaging is frequently performed in the assessment of cardiovascular diseases. We aim to investigate the role of the global and territorial longitudinal strain (GLS and TLS) values assessed via 2D STE imaging to detect significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients without wall‐motion abnormalities.MethodsThis study enrolled 150 patients with the diagnosis of NSTEMI. Patients who had typical chest pain with unstable angina characteristics within the last 24 hours were 18–80 years of age and had a typical rise and/or fall of cardiac biomarkers were included. Myocardial functions were assessed via myocardial deformation analyses of 2D STE images.ResultsThe mean age of the CAD group was 52.91 ± 9.11, vs 50.31 ± 8.32 in the control group. In the CAD group, 56 patients were male (65%), whereas 21 were male (60%) in control group. GLS and TLS assessments demonstrated a statistically significant difference between CAD and control groups, with GLS values of −16.27 ± 1.91 and −18.74 ± 1.93 (P < 0.001), TLS‐LAD values of −15.67 ± 1.83 and −18.54 ± 1.97 (P < 0.001), TLS‐RCA values of −17.04 ± 1.81 and −19.20 ± 1.86 (P < 0.001), and TLS‐Cx values of −17.40 ± 2.08 and −18.34 ± 2.18 (P = 0.028), respectively. Correlation analyses revealed that as high‐sensitivity troponin (hsTnT) values increased, GLS decreased significantly, and further, an increase in severity of CAD resulted in decreased TLS‐LAD, ‐CX and ‐RCA (TLS‐LAD: P < 0.001, r = −0.743; TLS‐CX: P < 0.001, r = −0.449; TLS‐RCA: P < 0.001, r = −0.737). Multivariate analyses indicated that GLS and GRACE ACS risk scores are independent predictors of CAD in patients with NSTEMI (GLS: OR = 0.514, P < 0.001; GRACE score: OR = 0.938, P = 0.007).ConclusionsGlobal longitudinal strain (GLS) assessed with 2D STE is a promising, easy to perform and quick imaging method to predict CAD in patients with NSTEMI.