bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of interventions to improve hand motor function in individuals with moderate to severe stroke: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Wang Hewei , Arceo Ray , Chen Shugeng , Ding Li , Jia Jie , Yao Jun 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe human hand is extremely involved in our daily lives. However, the rehabilitation of hand function after stroke can be rather difficult due to the complexity of hand structure and function, as well as neural basis that supports hand function. Specifically, in individuals with moderate to severe impairment following a stroke, previous evidence for effective treatments that recover hand function in this population is limited, and thus has never been reviewed. With the progress of rehabilitation science and tool development, results from more and more clinical trials are now available, thereby justifying conducting a systematic review.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol is consistent with the methodology recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Electronic searches will be carried out in the PubMed, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Library databases, along with manual searches in the reference lists from included studies and published systematic reviews. The date range parameters used in searching all databases is between January 1999 and January 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English, with the primary outcome focusing on hand motor function, will be included. Two reviewers will screen all retrieved titles, abstracts and full texts, perform the evaluation of the risk bias and extract all data independently. The risk of bias of the included RCTs will be evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. A qualitative synthesis will be provided in text and table, to summarise the main results of the selected publications. A meta-analysis will be considered if there is sufficient homogeneity across outcomes. The quality of the included publications will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is needed, and the results of this review will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberCRD42019128285.
Effectiveness of digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shah Syed Ghulam Sarwar , Nogueras David , van Woerden Hugo , Kiparoglou Vasiliki 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionLoneliness is an emerging public health problem that is associated with social, emotional, mental and physical health issues. The application of digital technology (DT) interventions to reduce loneliness has significantly increased in the recent years. The effectiveness of DT interventions needs to be assessed systematically.Methods and analysisAim: To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of DT interventions to reduce loneliness among adults.Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science.Publication period: 1 January 2010 to 31 July 2019.Inclusion criteria: Primary studies involving the application of DT interventions to reduce loneliness, involving adult participants (aged ≥18 years), follow-up period ≥3 months and published in the English language.Synthesis and meta-analysis: A narrative summary of the characteristics of included studies, findings by the type of DT intervention, and the age, gender and ethnicity of participants. A meta-analysis by the study design and duration of follow-up and determination of random effects size using the RevMan V.5 software.Quality of evidence and bias: Quality of evidence assessed the RoB V.2.0 (revised tool for Risk of Bias in randomized trials) and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias in Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions) tools for randomised control trials and non-randomised studies, respectively. Heterogeneity between studies will be determined by the I2and Cochran’s Q statistics and publication bias checked with funnel plots and the Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not required for this protocol. The findings will be disseminated through journal articles and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131524
Predictors for expired CO2 in neonatal bag-mask ventilation at birth: observational study
Authors: Holte Kari , Ersdal Hege Langli , Eilevstjønn Joar , Thallinger Monica , Linde Jørgen , Klingenberg Claus , Holst Rene , Bayo Samwel , Kidanto Hussein , Stordal Ketil 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundExpired carbon dioxide (ECO2) indicates degree of lung aeration immediately after birth. Favourable ventilation techniques may be associated with higher ECO2 and a faster increase. Clinical condition will however also affect measured values. The aim of this study was to explore the relative impact of ventilation factors and clinical factors on ECO2 during bag-mask ventilation of near-term newborns.MethodsObservational study performed in a Tanzanian rural hospital. Side-stream measures of ECO2, ventilation data, heart rate and clinical information were recorded in 434 bag-mask ventilated newborns with initial heart rate <120 beats per minute. We studied ECO2 by clinical factors (birth weight, Apgar scores and initial heart rate) and ventilation factors (expired tidal volume, ventilation frequency, mask leak and inflation pressure) in random intercept models and Cox regression for time to ECO2 >2%.ResultsECO2 rose non-linearly with increasing expired tidal volume up to >10 mL/kg, and sufficient tidal volume was critical for the time to reach ECO2 >2%. Ventilation frequency around 30/min was associated with the highest ECO2. Higher birth weight, Apgar scores and initial heart rate were weak, but significant predictors for higher ECO2. Ventilation factors explained 31% of the variation in ECO2 compared with 11% for clinical factors.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that higher tidal volumes than currently recommended and a low ventilation frequency around 30/min are associated with improved lung aeration during newborn resuscitation. Low ECO2 may be used to identify unfavourable ventilation technique. Clinical factors are also associated with persistently low ECO2 and must be accounted for in the interpretation.
Eye-opening facilitator behaviours: an Interaction Analysis of facilitator behaviours that advance debriefings
Authors: Karlgren Klas , Larsson Fredrik , Dahlström Anders 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionAnalyses of simulation performance taking place during postsimulation debriefings have been described as iterating through phases of unawareness of problems, identifying problems, explaining the problems and suggesting alternative strategies or solutions to manage the problems. However, little is known about the mechanisms that contribute to shifting from one such phase to the subsequent one. The aim was to study which kinds of facilitator interactions contribute to advancing the participants’ analyses during video-assisted postsimulation debriefing.MethodsSuccessful facilitator behaviours were analysed by performing an Interaction-Analytic case study, a method for video analysis with roots in ethnography. Video data were collected from simulation courses involving medical and midwifery students facilitated by highly experienced facilitators (6–18 years, two paediatricians and one midwife) and analysed using the Transana software. A total of 110 successful facilitator interventions were observed in four video-assisted debriefings and 94 of these were included in the analysis. As a starting point, the participants’ discussions were first analysed using the phases of a previously described framework, uPEA (unawareness (u), problem identification (P), explanation (E) and alternative strategies/solutions (A)). Facilitator interventions immediately preceding each shift from one phase to the next were thereafter scrutinised in detail.ResultsFifteen recurring facilitator behaviours preceding successful shifts to higher uPEA levels were identified. While there was some overlap, most of the identified facilitator interventions were observed during specific phases of the debriefings. The most salient facilitator interventions preceding shifts to subsequent uPEA levels were respectively: use of video recordings to draw attention to problems (P), questions about opinions and rationales to encourage explanations (E) and dramatising hypothetical scenarios to encourage alternative strategies (A).ConclusionsThis study contributes to the understanding of how certain facilitator behaviours can contribute to the participants’ analyses of simulation performance during specific phases of video-assisted debriefing.
MUC5B variant is associated with visually and quantitatively detected preclinical pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Mathai Susan K , Humphries Stephen , Kropski Jonathan A , Blackwell Timothy S , Powers Julia , Walts Avram D , Markin Cheryl , Woodward Julia , Chung Jonathan H , Brown Kevin K , Steele Mark P , Loyd James E , Schwarz Marvin I , Fingerlin Tasha , Yang Ivana V , Lynch David A , Schwartz David A 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundRelatives of patients with familial interstitial pneumonia (FIP) are at increased risk for pulmonary fibrosis. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for preclinical pulmonary fibrosis (PrePF) in first-degree relatives of patients with FIP and determined the utility of deep learning in detecting PrePF on CT.MethodsFirst-degree relatives of patients with FIP over 40 years of age who believed themselves to be unaffected by pulmonary fibrosis underwent CT scans of the chest. Images were visually reviewed, and a deep learning algorithm was used to quantify lung fibrosis. Genotyping for common idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk variants in MUC5B and TERT was performed.FindingsIn 494 relatives of patients with FIP from 263 families of patients with FIP, the prevalence of PrePF on visual CT evaluation was 15.6% (95% CI 12.6 to 19.0). Compared with visual CT evaluation, deep learning quantitative CT analysis had 84% sensitivity (95% CI 0.72 to 0.89) and 86% sensitivity (95% CI 0.83 to 0.89) for discriminating subjects with visual PrePF diagnosis. Subjects with PrePF were older (65.9, SD 10.1 years) than subjects without fibrosis (55.8 SD 8.7 years), more likely to be male (49% vs 37%), more likely to have smoked (44% vs 27%) and more likely to have the MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 (minor allele frequency 0.29 vs 0.21). MUC5B variant carriers had higher quantitative CT fibrosis scores (mean difference of 0.36%), a difference that remains significant when controlling for age and sex.InterpretationPrePF is common in relatives of patients with FIP. Its prevalence increases with age and the presence of a common MUC5B promoter variant. Quantitative CT analysis can detect these imaging abnormalities.
Pressure effects on the diffusion of boron and phosphorus in silicon
Authors: Hong Phan Thi Thanh , Van Hung Vu , Van Nghia Nguyen , Hieu Ho Khac 
Published: September 2019

In this work, pressure effects on the diffusion of boron and phosphorus in silicon have been investigated by using the statistical moment method. We consider the diffusion of boron and phosphorus in silicon for wide temperature and pressure ranges revealing the Arrhenius behavior of diffusion coefficients. Activation energies of diffusion of boron and phosphorus in silicon are derived, respectively, as 3.41 and 3.20 eV at ambient pressure. Our work shows that when pressure increases, the diffusivity of B is enhanced characterized by an activation volume of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the atomic volume) at temperature 1083 K; and the diffusivity of P is reduced indicated by an activation volume of [Formula: see text] at 1113 K. Our results of activation energies and diffusion coefficients are in agreement with recent experimental measurements and ab initio calculations. This work proposes a potential method to investigate the diffusion mechanism in silicon solar cell.
Practical Considerations on Nonparametric Methods for Estimating Intrinsic Dimensions of Nonlinear Data Structures
Authors: Einbeck Jochen , Kalantan Zakiah , Kruger Uwe 
Published: September 2019

This paper develops readily applicable methods for estimating the intrinsic dimension of multivariate datasets. The proposed methods, which make use of theoretical properties of the empirical distribution functions of (pairwise or pointwise) distances, build on the existing concepts of (i) correlation dimensions and (ii) charting manifolds that are contrasted with (iii) a maximum likelihood technique and (iv) other recently proposed geometric methods including MiND and IDEA. This comparison relies on application studies involving simulated examples, a recorded dataset from a glucose processing facility, as well as several benchmark datasets available from the literature. The performance of the proposed techniques is generally in line with other dimension estimators, specifically noting that the correlation dimension variants perform favorably to the maximum likelihood method in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
Fog and Rain Attenuation Characterization and Performance of Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communication in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Joseph Sunday , P. A. Owolawi , M. O. Ajewole , R. M. Adetunji 
Published: September 2019

Reliable broadband communication requires secure high data rate and bandwidth links. With the observed increase in broadband users, known communication systems such as RF and microwave links cannot promise such requirements due to link interference and low bandwidth. A current communication system that promises such requirements and more is Free Space Optical (FSO) communication. This system basically involves the transmission of signal-modulated optical radiation from a transmitter to a receiver through the atmosphere or outer space. However, location-variant atmospheric channel degrades the performance of an FSO system under severe atmospheric conditions, thus necessitating local atmospheric attenuation studies. This paper presents the characterization of both fog- and rain-induced attenuation and the performance of an FSO system in a terrestrial terrain at Akure, Nigeria. One-year archived visibility data and in-situ measured 1-minute integration time rain rate data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and the Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure were used to compute the fog- and rain-induced specific attenuations using Kruse model and Carboneur model respectively. The performance of the FSO system is analyzed through link margin by using the parameters of a commercial optical transceiver, Terescope 5000.
Notes on the typification of several chameleon taxa (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae)
Authors: Klaver Charles 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The obscure or dubious designation of the name-bearing type(s) and hence the type locality of three valid chameleon taxa, viz. Brookesia superciliaris, Calumma fallax and Trioceros schubotzi, is researched and clarified. It concerns type-material of the natural history museums of Berlin, London and Paris. In the appendix additional information as to the presence of name-bearing types in various museum collections is presented to amend the checklist of Glaw (2015).
Deep Bottom Mixed Layer Drives Intrinsic Variability of the Antarctic Slope Front
Authors: Charlotte Huneke Wilma Gertrud , Klocker Andreas , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin Keith 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) is located along much of the Antarctic continental shelf break and helps to maintain a barrier to the movement of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) onto the continental shelf. The stability of the ASF has a major control on cross-shelf heat transport and ocean-driven basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves. Here, the ASF dynamics are investigated for continental shelves with weak dense shelf water (DSW) formation, which are thought to have a stable ASF, common for regions in East Antarctica. Using an ocean process model, this study demonstrates how offshore bottom Ekman transport of shelf waters leads to the development of a deep bottom mixed layer at the lower continental slope, and subsequently determines an intrinsic variability of the ASF. The ASF variability is characterized by instability events that affect the entire water column and occur every 5–10 years and last for approximately half a year. During these instability events, the cross-shelf density gradient weakens and CDW moves closer to the continent. Stronger winds increase the formation rate of the bottom mixed layer, which causes a subsequent increase of instability events. If the observed freshening trend of continental shelf waters leads to weaker DSW formation, more regions might be vulnerable for the ASF variability to develop in the future.
Team Physiological Dynamics: A Critical Review
Authors: Kazi Sadaf , Khaleghzadegan Salar , Dinh Julie V. , Shelhamer Mark J. , Sapirstein Adam , Goeddel Lee A. , Chime Nnenna O. , Salas Eduardo , Rosen Michael A. 
Published: September 2019

Objective Review the use of physiological measurement in team settings and propose recommendations to improve the state of the science. Background New sensor and analytical capabilities enable exploration of relationships between team members’ physiological dynamics. We conducted a review of physiological measures used in research on teams to understand (1) how these measures are theoretically and operationally related to team constructs and (2) what types of validity evidence exist for physiological measurement in team settings. Method We identified 32 articles that investigated task-performing teams using physiological data. Articles were coded on several dimensions, including team characteristics. Study findings were categorized by relationships tested between team physiological dynamics (TPD) and team inputs, mediators/processes, outputs, or psychometric properties. Results TPD researchers overwhelmingly measure single physiological systems. Although there is research linking TPD to inputs and outputs, the research on processes is underdeveloped. Conclusion We recommend several theoretical, methodological, and statistical themes to expand the growth of the TPD field. Application Physiological measures, once established as reliable indicators of team functioning, might be used to diagnose suboptimal team states and cue interventions to ameliorate these states.
Effect of manual therapy in patients with hemophilia and ankle arthropathy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Donoso-Úbeda Elena , Meroño-Gallut Javier , López-Pina José Antonio , Cuesta-Barriuso Rubén 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a manual therapy using fascial therapy on joint bleeding, joint pain and joint function in patients with hemophilic ankle arthropathy. Setting: Hemophilia patient associations. Design: Randomized, controlled trial, multicenter and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants: A total of 65 patients with hemophilic ankle arthropathy. Intervention: The experimental group ( n = 33) received one fascial therapy session per week for three weeks. The control group ( n = 32) received no treatment. Outcome measure: The primary outcome was frequency of joint bleeding measured using self-reporting. Secondary outcomes were joint pain (under load-bearing and non-load-bearing conditions) measured using the visual analog scale; joint condition was measured using the Hemophilia Joint Health Score. Outcomes were measured at baseline, posttreatment and after five months of follow-up. Results: Improvements in the frequency joint bleeding at T0, T1 and T2 were significantly higher in the experimental group (T0: mean (SD) = 1.56 (1.30); T1: mean (SD) = 0.00 (0.00); T2: mean (SD) = 0.27 (0.57)) compared to the control group (T0: mean (SD) = 1.70 (1.78); T1: mean (SD) = 0.05 (0.21); T2: mean (SD) = 0.58 (0.85)). Mean improvement of joint state after the study period was 1.74 points (±1.66) for patients in the experimental group, while the control group exhibited a joint deterioration with 0.43 points (±0.85). Ankle joint pain under load-bearing and non-load-bearing conditions improved in the experimental group with −1.72 (±1.86) and −0.50 (±1.39) points, respectively. Conclusion: The study showed that fascial therapy is favorable for patients with hemophilic ankle arthropathy.
Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on DNA damage in patients with depression
Authors: Ahmadimanesh Mahnaz , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Morshedi Rad Dorsa , Moallem Seyed Adel , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein , Farid Hosseini Farhad , Behdani Fatemeh , Akhondpour Manteghi Ali , Jowsey Paul , Shabani Behbahani Fatemeh , Moallem Seyed Mohammad Hassan , Etemad Leila 
Published: September 2019

Background: The relationship between depression and increased oxidative stress is well known. DNA damage by oxidation factors is an important cause of the aging process in psychiatric disorders. Aims: Owing to the scarcity of human studies and high inconsistencies in studies of the effects of antidepressants on DNA damage, the current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of depression and its treatment on DNA damage. Methods: In a 15-week open-label study of citalopram ( n = 25) and sertraline ( n = 20), levels of DNA damage were measured by comet assay, proinflammatory (Interlukin-6 (IL-6)) and oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) markers by ELISA, and gene expression of base excision repair enzymes (8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1) and poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1)) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in healthy control patients ( n = 14), with depression at the baseline and the same patients after week 15. Results: DNA damage, 8-OHdG, IL-6 and expression of PARP1 were elevated in patients with depression compared with the healthy controls ( p < 0.001). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy could significantly reduce the depression score ( p < 0.01), DNA damage ( p < 0.001), as well as 8-OHdG and IL-6 ( p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the expression of PARP1 and OGG1 showed no significant changes after treatment. Conclusions: This is the first study on the effect of SSRIs on the DNA damage and some of the repair enzymes in depression. Based on the results, depression can cause increased DNA damage. This damage is followed by activation of compensatory mechanisms whereby the expression of DNA damage repair enzymes is elevated. Finally, the treatment of psychiatric disorder by antidepressants can lower the level of oxidative DNA damage.