bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swallow‐Nest‐Inspired Strategy towards Ultralight Functional Multiwall‐Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Aerogels for Supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Qin Xianzhong , Chen Rui , Meng Han , Du Rong , Cai Feipeng , Jiang Bo , Yang Gai , Wang Bo , An Pengfei , Tan Chunhui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrode materials with superior electrochemical properties are at the core of energy‐conversion and storage devices such as supercapacitors. Here, an ultralight functionalized multiwall‐carbon‐nanotube (FMWCNT) based aerogel with swallow nest structure is fabricated by a simple and facile method, and further used as a freestanding electrode for supercapacitors. Besides, soft X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure measurements were performed to probe the valence bonds of the as‐prepared FMWCNT aerogel, revealing the existence of chemical interactions among the atoms. More importantly, a series of experiments including cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge cycling, and rate capability tests were performed to evaluate the properties of the as‐prepared FMWCNT aerogel electrodes. Impressively, the specific capacitance of the electrodes was as high as 319 F g−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 at a constant current density of 10 A g−1, and no decay was observed after 2000 cycles. These superior properties can be attributed to the unique interconnected nanostructure, large specific surface area, and synergistic effect of the FMWCNT aerogel.
Synthesis of 2,3‐Fused Indoline Aminals via 4 + 2 Cycloaddition of NH‐free Benzazetidines with Indoles
Authors: Bai Zibo , Tong Huarong , Wang Hao , Chen Gong , He Gang 
Published: December 2018

Summary of main observation and conclusionA 4 + 2 cycloaddition reaction of NH‐free benzazetidines with indoles under the catalysis of camphorsulfonic acid was developed. This method shows a broad substrate scope of benzazetidines and indoles, and offers a convenient method for stereoselective synthesis of various cis‐2,3‐fused indoline aminals. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the reaction proceed via a stepwise pathway featuring an electrophilic attack on the benzylic carbon of benzazetidine.
Association of Medicaid enrollee characteristics and primary care utilization with cancer outcomes for the period spanning Medicaid expansion in New Jersey
Authors: Tsui Jennifer , DeLia Derek , Stroup Antoinette M. , Nova Jose , Kulkarni Aishwarya , Ferrante Jeanne M. , Cantor Joel C. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundCancer outcomes for Medicaid enrollees may be affected by patients’ primary care (PC) utilization and complex Medicaid enrollment dynamics, which have recently changed for many states under the Affordable Care Act.MethodsWith New Jersey State Cancer Registry and linked Medicaid claims data, a retrospective cohort study was conducted for patients with incident breast, colorectal, or invasive cervical cancer (aged 21‐64 years) diagnosed in 2012‐2014. Associations of Medicaid enrollment factors and PC utilization with the stage at diagnosis and treatment delays were examined with multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe study included 19,209 total cancer cases and 3253 linked Medicaid cases. Medicaid cases were more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage and to experience treatment delays in comparison with non‐Medicaid cases. In adjusted analyses, Medicaid cases with 1 or more PC visits before the diagnosis had lower odds of a late‐stage diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.33‐0.67) in comparison with Medicaid cases with no outpatient visits. New enrollees (<6 months) and longer term enrollees in fee‐for‐service (FFS) Medicaid had greater odds of a late‐stage diagnosis and treatment delays in comparison with those in Medicaid managed care.ConclusionsMedicaid patients with cancer diagnosed just before and in the initial year of eligibility expansion had worse outcomes than non‐Medicaid cases. Poor outcomes were especially pronounced among new enrollees, those without outpatient visits before their diagnosis, and FFS enrollees. Targeted strategies to enhance care continuity, including access to PC providers before the diagnosis and a better understanding of pathways to cancer care upon Medicaid enrollment, are needed to improve outcomes in this population.
BCR/ABL1–like acute lymphoblastic leukemia: How to diagnose and treat?
Authors: Chiaretti Sabina , Messina Monica , Foà Robin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBCR/ABL1–like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 15% to 30% of B‐lineage ALL, with a peak of incidence occurring in adolescence. This subgroup of patients is characterized by a peculiar transcriptional profile that resembles that of true BCR/ABL1–positive cases, and have a heterogeneous genetic background and a poor outcome. Next‐generation sequencing studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients carry rearrangements of tyrosine kinases or cytokine receptors and mutations of janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), thus opening the way to the possible use of targeted therapeutic approaches. However, several issues remain unresolved at both the diagnostic and therapeutic level, such as the definition of a standardized method to identify BCR/ABL1–like ALL and the design of ad hoc clinical trials examining tyrosine kinase inhibitors or other tailored treatments. These aspects are discussed in this review.
Hydride Formation Diminishes CO2 Reduction Rate on Palladium
Authors: Billeter Emanuel , Terreni Jasmin , Borgschulte Andreas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 includes the dissociation of hydrogen and further reaction with CO2 and intermediates. We investigate how the amount of hydrogen in the bulk of the catalyst affects the hydrogenation reaction taking place at the surface. For this, we developed an experimental setup described herein, based on a magnetic suspension balance and an infrared spectrometer, and measured pressure‐composition isotherms of the Pd−H system under conditions relevant for CO2 reduction. The addition of CO2 has no influence on the measured hydrogen absorption isotherms. The pressure dependence of the CO formation rate changes suddenly upon formation of the β‐PdH phase. This effect is attributed to a smaller surface coverage of hydrogen due to repulsive electronic interactions affecting both bulk and surface hydrogen.
Novel Impactor and Microsphere‐Based Assay Used to Measure Containment of Aerosols Generated in a Flow Cytometer Cell Sorter
Authors: Perfetto Stephen P. , Hogarth Phillip J. , Monard Simon , Fontes Ben , Reifel Kristen M. , Swan Brandon K. , Baijer Jan , Jellison Evan R. , Lyon Geoffrey , Lovelace Patty , Nguyen Richard , Ambrozak David , Holmes Kevin L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractToday's state‐of‐the‐art cell sorting flow cytometers are equipped with aerosol containment systems designed to evacuate aerosols from the sort chamber during a sort. This biosafety device is especially important when the sort operator is sorting infectious or potentially infections samples. Hence, it is critical to evaluate the performance for this system in normal operation and in “failure” mode to determine the efficacy of containment. In the past decade, the most popular published method for evaluating containment has been the Glo‐Germ bead procedure. These highly fluorescent and multisize particles can easily be detected on a microscope slide and enumerated using a fluorescent microscope. Collecting particles on this slide is accomplished using an Aerotech impactor. This sampler collects potentially escaping aerosols from the sort chamber before enumerating any particles. Although the Glo‐Germ procedure has been adopted by many labs, there are several drawbacks with the procedure that have limited its adoption by cell sorter laboratories: The Aerotech impactor is a reusable device that requires rigorous cleaning between measurements. The surface area of the collection slide is large and difficult to scan on a fluorescence microscope. These beads produce a wide variation in sizes resulting in inconsistency in flow rates. Here, we describe a novel and replacement method utilizing a Cyclex‐d impactor and Dragon Green beads. This method was compared for sensitivity of detection of escaped aerosols with a published method for aerosol detection which utilizes a UV‐APS aerodynamic particle sizer and a UV‐excitable dye. One of the advantages of the Cyclex‐d system is the narrow‐defined field of collection as compared to the standard Glo‐Germ bead procedure, this means a smaller sampling area is used in the Cyclex‐d impactor as compared to the AeroTech impactor. In addition, the sensitivity of detection was found to be better using the Cyclex‐d collection device as compared to the standard Glo‐Germ bead procedure. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Estimation of growth and exopolysaccharide production by two soil cyanobacteria, Scytonema tolypothrichoides and Tolypothrix bouteillei as determined by cultivation in irradiance and temperature crossed gradients
Authors: Kvíderová Jana , Kumar Dhanesh , Lukavský Jaromír , Kaštánek Petr , Adhikary Siba Prasad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTwo filamentous cyanobacteria of the genera Scytonema and Tolypothrix were reported to be effective for stabilizing soil in arid areas due to the production of significant amounts of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). These EPS may also have applications in the biotechnology industry. Therefore, two cyanobacterial species, Scytonema tolypothrichoides and Tolypothrix bouteillei were examined using crossed gradients of temperature (8–40°C) and irradiance (3–21 W m−2) to identify their temperature and irradiance optima for maximum biomass and EPS production. According to their reported temperature requirements, both strains were considered mesophilic. The optimum growth range of temperature in S. tolypothrichoides (27 to 34°C) was higher than T. bouteillei (22–32°C). The optimum irradiance range for growth of S. tolypothrichoides (9–13 W m−2) was slightly lower than T. bouteillei (7–18 W m−2). Maximum EPS production by S. tolypothrichoides occurred at similar temperatures (28–34°C) as T. bouteillei (27–34°C), both slightly higher than for maximum growth. The optimum irradiance range for EPS production was comparable to that for growth in S. tolypotrichoides (8–13 W m−2), and slightly lower in T. bouteillei (7–17 W m−2). The Redundancy Analysis confirmed that temperature was the most important controlling factor and protocols for field applications or for mass cultivation can now be developed.
Impact of pretreatments on outcomes after living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ogawa Kohei , Kaido Toshimi , Okajima Hideaki , Fujimoto Yasuhiro , Yoshizawa Atsushi , Yagi Shintaro , Hori Tomohide , Iida Taku , Takada Yasutsugu , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of pretreatments on outcomes after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsFrom February 1999 to March 2015, 223 patients underwent LDLT for HCC. Until December 2006, there was no restriction in patient selection criteria regarding the number and size of tumors, following which we implemented the Kyoto criteria (tumor number ≤10, maximal diameter ≤5 cm, and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin ≤400 mAU/ml) since January 2007.ResultsOf 223 patients, 156 had a history of pretreatments. Among 101 patients meeting the Milan criteria at the initial diagnosis, 38 progressed to beyond the criteria at liver transplantation (LT). Twenty‐two out of 38 met the Kyoto criteria, and their survival and recurrence rates were significantly better than those of patients exceeding the Kyoto criteria (P = 0.004 and 0.035, respectively). Regarding the number of pretreatments (0 vs. 1–4 vs. ≥5), recurrence rate was significantly higher in the ≥5 pretreatments group than the 0 group. However, for patients meeting the Kyoto criteria, there were no significant differences in recurrence rates between these three groups.ConclusionBetter outcomes will be achieved by performing LT for HCCs meeting the Kyoto criteria even after repeated pretreatments.
Perfusion MRI in treatment evaluation of glioblastomas: Clinical relevance of current and future techniques
Authors: van Dijken Bart R.J. , van Laar Peter Jan , Smits Marion , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Enting Roelien H. , van der Hoorn Anouk 
Published: December 2018

Treatment evaluation of patients with glioblastomas is important to aid in clinical decisions. Conventional MRI with contrast is currently the standard method, but unable to differentiate tumor progression from treatment‐related effects. Pseudoprogression appears as new enhancement, and thus mimics tumor progression on conventional MRI. Contrarily, a decrease in enhancement or edema on conventional MRI during antiangiogenic treatment can be due to pseudoresponse and is not necessarily reflective of a favorable outcome. Neovascularization is a hallmark of tumor progression but not for posttherapeutic effects. Perfusion‐weighted MRI provides a plethora of additional parameters that can help to identify this neovascularization. This review shows that perfusion MRI aids to identify tumor progression, pseudoprogression, and pseudoresponse. The review provides an overview of the most applicable perfusion MRI methods and their limitations. Finally, future developments and remaining challenges of perfusion MRI in treatment evaluation in neuro‐oncology are discussed.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:11–22.
Polymer conductive fabric grid array antenna with pliable feature for wearable application
Authors: Ramli Ridduan M. , Abdul Rahim Sharul K. , Sabran Mursyidul I. , Yong Wai Yan , Pon Lai Ly , Islam Mohammad T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA flexible microstrip grid array antenna designed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and copper conductive fabric as the patch and ground plane is presented. The proposed rectangular geometry designed at 15 GHz is made of 19 cells with 22 radiating elements. The proposed antenna achieves almost 40% wideband characteristics at −10 dB reflection coefficient from 11.10 GHz until 16.2 GHz with measured maximum gain of 14.0 dBi in normal state. Analysis on performance of antenna at bend state with various value of bend radius has been done. The measured reflection coefficient shows low sensitivity to bending effect where the antenna operates well at designed frequency which is at 15 GHz. Due to these criteria, it is a suitable candidate for wearable applications.
Integrated multi‐echo denoising strategy improves identification of inherent language laterality
Authors: Amemiya Shiori , Yamashita Hiroshi , Takao Hidemasa , Abe Osamu 
Published: December 2018

PurposeAlthough increasingly used in both neuroscience and clinical studies, a major challenge facing resting‐state FMRI (rs‐FMRI) still lies in isolating BOLD signal fluctuations resulting from neuronal activity from noise. In this study, we investigated the effect of a newly proposed denoising approach, integrated multi‐echo rs‐FMRI analysis, on language mapping.MethodsMultiband multi‐echo rs‐FMRI data were acquired, along with language task FMRI that identified language areas in the left hemisphere of 12 subjects. The language laterality and specificity of the language mapping given by seed‐based correlation analysis were compared among the rs‐FMRI data sets pre‐processed using 3 different approaches: multi‐echo data with integrated multi‐echo independent component analysis, denoising that uses the TE‐dependency of each signal component to judge its origin, and multi‐echo and single‐echo data with conventional denoising. The laterality index was automatically computed without setting any threshold to minimize the arbitrariness and to ensure the generality of the result.ResultsA repeated measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc tests showed that optimal combination of the 3‐echo data succeeded in increasing the correlation within the targeted language system. With the physically principled multi‐echo denoising approach, the integrated strategy further succeeded in revealing areas of synchronization more specific to the language system compared with conventional denoising approach, which eventually improved the identification of the laterality of the system.ConclusionBy successfully reducing non‐specific correlations spreading over the brain, integrated multi‐echo approach improved language mapping and identification of the laterality of the system using rs‐FMRI.
Convergence and stability analysis of the deformable discrete element method
Authors: Madan Nikhil , Rojek Jerzy , Nosewicz Szymon 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis work investigates numerical properties of the algorithm of the discrete element method (DEM) employing deformable circular disks presented in the authors' earlier publication. The new formulation called the deformable DEM (DDEM) enhances the standard DEM (SDEM) by introducing an additional (global) deformation mode caused by the stresses in the particles induced by the contact forces. An accurate computation of the contact forces would require an iterative solution of the implicit relationship between the contact forces and particle displacements. In order to preserve efficiency of the DEM, the new formulation has been adapted to the explicit time integration. It has been shown that the explicit DDEM algorithm is conditionally stable and there are two restrictions on its stability. Except for the limitation of the time step as in the SDEM, the stability in the DDEM is governed by the convergence criterion of the iterative solution of the contact forces. The convergence and stability limits have been determined analytically and numerically for selected regular and irregular configurations. It has also been found out that the critical time step in DDEM remains unchanged with respect to the SDEM.
Towards an enhanced understanding of aid policy reform: Learning from theFrench case
Authors: Cumming Gordon D. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMajor overhauls of aid policies and institutions are comparatively rare. When they happen, they are usually ascribed to pressures arising from outside donor agencies. Where internal forces for change are identified, the focus is on field operatives rather than political entrepreneurs based in donor head offices. This article homes in on the role of the political entrepreneur and shows how this actor can help effect top‐down reforms to overseas development assistance. It does so by combining a political entrepreneurship perspective with a broader theorisation of policy change, historical institutionalism, and applying this innovative framework to French aid reforms over the years (2001–2010) when Jean‐Michel Severino was Managing Director of the Agence Française de Développement. It finds that, although historical institutionalism can explain the broad direction of French changes in terms of “structural factors” such as exogenous shocks and new institutional configurations, it struggles to account for incremental shifts and the emergence of “new” ideas. Political entrepreneurship addresses these issues through its emphasis on individual human agents and their operational and ideational strategies. It concludes that this relatively parsimonious framework could provide an enhanced understanding of other reforms in the international development field and beyond.
Risk factors for chemotherapy‐induced nausea in pediatric patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Dupuis L. Lee , Tamura Roy N. , Kelly Kara M. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Langevin Anne‐Marie , Chen Lu , Kolb E. Anders , Ullrich Nicole J. , Sahler Olle Jane Z. , Hendershot Eleanor , Stratton Ann , Sung Lillian , McLean Thomas W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding risk factors for chemotherapy‐induced nausea (CIN) in pediatric patients.ProcedureA secondary analysis was conducted of a previously published multicenter, prospective, randomized, single‐blind, sham‐controlled trial assessing the efficacy of acupressure in preventing CIN in pediatric patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The primary outcome was nausea severity, self‐reported using the Pediatric Nausea Assessment Tool. The relationships between acute and delayed nausea severity and patient‐ (sex, race, age, and cancer diagnosis) and treatment‐related (chemotherapy, antiemetic prophylaxis, CIN, and vomiting control) factors were analyzed by a proportional odds generalized estimating equation approach. The acute phase started with administration of the first and continued for 24 hours after the last chemotherapy dose. The delayed phase started at the end of the acute phase and continued until the next chemotherapy block (maximum seven days).ResultsIn the acute and delayed phases, 165 and 144 patients provided data for analysis, respectively. Nonwhite race was significantly associated with higher acute phase nausea severity (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6). Poor CIN control in the acute phase (OR, 16; 95% CI, 4.0–64.6), diagnosis of a cancer other than a central nervous system (CNS) tumor (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–5.3), and cisplatin administration (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.1–6.0) were significantly associated with higher delayed phase nausea severity.ConclusionAcute phase CIN was associated with nonwhite race. Delayed phase CIN was associated with poor acute phase CIN control, diagnosis of non‐CNS cancer, and receipt of cisplatin. These findings will inform future antiemetic trial design.
Fluorinated Boron Nitride Quantum Dots: A New 0D Material for Energy Conversion and Detection of Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sruthi , Park Jun Hyoung , Neupane Ram , de los Reyes Carlos A. , Sudeep Parambath M. , Paulose Maggie , Martí Angel A. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Khabashesku Valery N. , Varghese Oomman K. , Kaipparettu Benny Abraham , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuantum dots encompass a broad spectrum of optical, catalytic, and electrochemical properties bringing in novel applications in catalysis, imaging, displays, and optoelectronics. Herein, the unanticipated broad‐spectrum light absorption and high fluorescence quantum yield in fluorinated boron nitride (FBN) quantum dots are discussed. A heterostructure of FBN quantum dots with a wide‐bandgap semiconductor, titania nanotube arrays, exhibits high photocatalytic activity as evidenced by high external quantum efficiency extending from ultraviolet to green region of the solar spectrum (≈24% at 400 nm). The high activity is confirmed using photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution experiments. Further, it is demonstrated that high fluorescence quantum yield could be tapped for the detection of glycolytic activity in cancer cells compared to normal cells. This finding could shift the paradigm of molecular detection using quantum dots. The 0D structure and the gap states introduced through fluorination are believed to be responsible for these unprecedented characteristics of boron nitride.
On Exclusion of Positive Cosmological Constant
Authors: Dvali Gia , Gomez Cesar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSome time ago we have suggested that positive vacuum energy exhibits a finite quantum break time, which can be a signal that a positive cosmological constant is inconsistent. From the requirement that the Universe never undergoes through quantum breaking, we have derived an absolute lower bound on the speed of variation of positive vacuum energy. The same suggestion about exclusion of positive cosmological constant was made recently. We show that the new bound represents a particular string theoretic version of the old bound, which is more general. In this light, we show that the existing window still provides a large room for the inflationary and dark energy model building. In particular, the inflationary models with gravitational strength interactions, are protected against fast quantum breaking.