bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatally diagnosed developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system and genetic syndromes: A practical review
Authors: Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDevelopmental brain abnormalities are complex and can be difficult to diagnose by prenatal imaging because of the ongoing growth and development of the brain throughout pregnancy and the limitations of ultrasound, often requiring fetal magnetic resonance imaging as an additional tool. As for all major structural congenital anomalies, amniocentesis with chromosomal microarray and a karyotype is the first‐line recommended test for the genetic work‐up of prenatally diagnosed central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities. Many CNS defects, especially neuronal migration defects affecting the cerebral and cerebellar cortex, are caused by single‐gene mutations in a large number of different genes. Early data suggest that prenatal diagnostic exome sequencing for fetal CNS defects will have a high diagnostic yield, but interpretation of sequencing results can be complex. Yet a genetic diagnosis is important for prognosis prediction and recurrence risk counseling. The evaluation and management of such patients is best done in a multidisciplinary team approach. Here, we review general principles of the genetic work‐up for fetuses with CNS defects and review categories of genetic causes of prenatally diagnosed CNS phenotypes.
Impact of physical and psychosocial dysfunction on return to work in survivors of oral cavity cancer
Authors: Chen Shu‐Ching , Huang Bing‐Shen , Hung Tsung‐Min , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chang Ya‐Lan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the levels of social support, physical function, and social‐emotional function between oral cavity cancer survivors who did or did not resume work 6 months or longer after treatment completion.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined survivors of oral cavity cancer who were treated at the outpatient radiation department of a medical center in Northern Taiwan. Questionnaires were used to collect data regarding perceived social support, physical function, social‐emotional function, and return to work status after treatment. Logistic regression was conducted to determine factors related to returning to work.ResultsWe examined 174 survivors of oral cavity cancer, 55.2% of whom returned to work after treatment. Relative to survivors who returned to work, those who did not return to work reported needing greater tangible social support, having fewer positive social interactions, having poorer physical function, and having poorer social‐emotional function. Multivariable analysis indicated that younger age (OR = 0.864, P < .05), higher family income (OR = 10.835, P < .05), sufficient tangible social support (OR = 0.943, P < .05), positive social interaction (OR = 1.025, P < .05), and better physical function (OR = 1.062, P < .05) were significantly associated with the return to work.ConclusionsSurvivors of oral cavity cancer who did not return to work had worse physical and social‐emotional function and required more tangible social support and positive social interactions. Providing occupational rehabilitation and counseling for oral cavity cancer survivors may help them return to work.
A Rare Carbon Skeletal Oxidative Rearrangement of Camphene Catalyzed by Al‐Exchanged Keggin Heteropolyacid Salts
Authors: da Silva Márcio J. , de Andrade Leles Lorena C. , Ferreira Sukarno O. , da Silva Rene C. , de V. Viveiros Kennedy , Chaves Diego M. , Pinheiro Patricia F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, aluminum‐exchanged Keggin heteropolyacid salts (i. e., AlPW12O40, AlPMo12O40, and Al4/3SiW12O40) were synthesized and evaluated as catalysts on the camphene oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The aluminum silicotungstate salt (i. e., Al4/3SiW12O40) was the most active and selective toward formation of borneol and two novel products; 1‐(3‐(2‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl) cyclopentyl) ethan‐1‐one, and 3‐(3‐hydroxycyclopentyl)‐3‐methylbutan‐2‐one), which were spectroscopically characterized (FT‐IR, 13C and 1H NMR analyses). All the catalysts were characterized by FT‐IR/ ATR spectroscopy, BET, XRD, EDS/SEM, and TG/DSC analyses. After the characterization of the HPA salts, it was possible to link their structural properties to their catalytic activity. The effects of the main reaction variables were assessed. The aluminum cation as well as the silicotungstic anion showed to be essential to formation of three goal‐products.
Formation of Stable Mixed LiF and Li‐Al‐Alloy Reinforced Interface Film for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Shen Chao , Gu Jinlei , Li Xin , Bai Maohui , Shao De. Le , Xie Keyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetallic lithium is the most promising candidate for implementation in high energy density batteries. Nevertheless, the practical application of Li anode is hindered by its uncontrollable dendrite formation and strong electrolyte reactivity. Here, the replacement and alloying reactions are employed to form in‐situ LiF and Li−Al‐alloy mixed layers that synergistically reinforces the interfacial film on a metallic lithium anode. Due to the film's high ionic conductivity and apparent chemical stability, the artificial interfacial film can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites and improve the cycling stability of batteries.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Diorganyl Disulfides Employing WEB as an Eco‐friendly Oxidative System
Authors: Leitemberger Andrielli , Böhs Lucas Martins C. , Rosa Clarissa Helena , Silva Cleiton Da , Galetto Fábio Z. , Godoi Marcelo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a straightforward and environmentally benign methodology for the preparation of symmetrical diorganyl disulfides via oxidation of thiols, under open atmosphere. Water Extract of Banana peel ash (WEB) was conveniently employed as a selective and eco‐friendly system for the oxidative dimerization of thiols, affording the corresponding disulfides in very good yields.
Selective Liquid‐Liquid Extraction of Uranium by Phosphoramidate‐Group Bearing Ionic Liquid
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Tiwari Nidhi , Deb Sadhan Bijoy , Saxena Manoj Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExtraction of pure uranium (U) from its ore or spent nuclear fuel and separation of U for trace impurities characterization of nuclear fuels are the processes resulting into the accumulation of large amounts of low boiling and volatile organic waste. The limited reusability and degradation (chemical and radiation induced) of these waste solutions turning out to be an environmental threat. The authors have addressed this issue by developing an eco‐friendly, simple and selective liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for U employing a phosphoramidate group bearing task specific ionic liquid (TSIL). Optimization of various LLE parameters resulted in high distribution ratio (D) value of 174±5 for U when extracted from 5 mol L−1 HNO3 medium. A detailed study on the infrared and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of U loaded ionic liquid phase reveals the extraction mechanism. Such high DU value resulted in high separation factors for U with respect to the elements which are commonly present in the ore, processed nuclear fuel and spent nuclear fuel. The structural integrity and metal ion extractability of the TSIL is found to remain unaffected when irradiated up to an absorbed dose of 400 kilogray (kGy). Sodium carbonate solution is found to back‐extract ≥ 95% of U from the ionic liquid phase and regenerate it for further usage.
From seven to three: Integrative species delimitation supports major reduction in species number in Rhodiola section Trifida (Crassulaceae) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Yuan‐Cong , Wen Jun , Ren Yi , Zhang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: July 2019

An essential component of biodiversity research and conservation is to accurately delimit species. Traditional morphology‐based taxonomy has faced great challenges in complex taxa. In the last few years, the focus of species delimitations has shifted from defining species using different species concepts to integrating multiple lines of evidence to characterize different aspects of the speciation process. This study employs an integrative taxonomic method to revise the species limits in Rhodiola sect. Trifida, based on multi‐locus sequence data from population‐level sampling, morphometric analyses, and ecological niche modeling. We surveyed 44 populations representing seven previously defined morphological species. We sequenced three plastid markers and three nuclear markers, and employed the coalescent‐based species delimitation method to assess the variational patterns from the molecular data. We also conducted a comprehensive morphological analysis, as well as ecological niche modeling for each species. The multidisciplinary data support Rhodiola liciae and R. sinuata as distinct species, which likely originated by allopatric isolation and ecological speciation. Rhodiola ovatisepala, R. sacra and R. sexifolia are suggested to be synonyms of R. chrysanthemifolia, and the status of R. alterna needs further verification. Our study suggests that the previous taxonomy of this group may depend on too many intra‐lineage variable traits, and showcases the importance of integrative taxonomy for species delimitations in morphologically complex plant groups.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Redosing Reduces Surgical Site Infection Risk in Prolonged Duration Surgery Irrespective of Its Timing
Authors: Bertschi Daniela , Weber Walter P. , Zeindler Jasmin , Stekhoven Daniel , Mechera Robert , Salm Lilian , Kralijevic Marco , Soysal Savas D. , von Strauss Marco , Mujagic Edin , Marti Walter R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong‐duration surgery requires repeated administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis (amp). Amp “redosing” reduces incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) but is frequently omitted. Clinical relevance of redosing timing needs to be investigated. Here, we evaluated the effects of compliance with amp redosing and its timing on SSI incidence in prolonged duration surgery.MethodsData from >9000 patients undergoing visceral, trauma, or vascular surgery with elective or emergency treatment in two tertiary referral Swiss hospitals were analyzed. All patients had to receive amp preoperatively and redosing, if indicated. Antibiotics used were cefuroxime (1.5 or 3 g, if weight >80 kg), or cefuroxime and metronidazole (1.5 and 0.5 g, or 3 and 1 g doses, if weight >80 kg). Alternatively, in cases of known or suspected allergies, vancomycin (1 g), gentamicin (4 mg/Kg), and metronidazole or clindamycin (300 mg) with or without ciprofloxacin (400 mg) were used. Association of defined parameters, including wound class, ASA scores, and duration of operation, with SSI incidence was explored.ResultsIn the whole cohort, SSI incidence significantly correlated with duration of surgery (ρ = 0.73, p = 0.031). In 593 patients undergoing >240 min long interventions, duration of surgery was the only parameter significantly (p < 0.001) associated with increased SSI risk, whereas wound class, ASA scores, treatment areas, and emergency versus elective hospital entry were not. Redosing significantly reduced SSI incidence as shown by multivariate analysis (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.37–0.96, p = 0.034), but exact timing had no significant impact.ConclusionsLong‐duration surgery associates with higher SSI incidence. Irrespective of its exact timing, amp redosing significantly decreases SSI risk.
Core transcriptional signatures of phase change in the migratory locust
Authors: Yang Pengcheng , Hou Li , Wang Xianhui , Kang Le 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity plays fundamental roles in successful adaptation of animals in response to environmental variations. Here, to reveal the transcriptome reprogramming in locust phase change, a typical phenotypic plasticity, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of multiple phase-related transcriptomic datasets of the migratory locust. We defined PhaseCore genes according to their contribution to phase differentiation by the adjustment for confounding principal components analysis algorithm (AC-PCA). Compared with other genes, PhaseCore genes predicted phase status with over 87.5% accuracy and displayed more unique gene attributes including the faster evolution rate, higher CpG content and higher specific expression level. Then, we identified 20 transcription factors (TFs) named PhaseCoreTF genes that are associated with the regulation of PhaseCore genes. Finally, we experimentally verified the regulatory roles of three representative TFs (Hr4, Hr46, and grh) in phase change by RNAi. Our findings revealed that core transcriptional signatures are involved in the global regulation of locust phase changes, suggesting a potential common mechanism underlying phenotypic plasticity in insects. The expression and network data are accessible in an online resource called LocustMine (http://www.locustmine.org:8080/locustmine).
Alzheimer's disease medication and risk of all‐cause mortality and all‐cause hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sandipan , Patanwala Asad E. , Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan , Malone Daniel C. , Lee Jeannie K. , Knapp Shannon M. , Warholak Terri , Burke William J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pharmacologic treatment options that effectively reduce the risk of mortality and hospitalization in real‐world settings is critical.MethodsWe compared donepezil, galantamine, memantine, oral rivastigmine, and transdermal rivastigmine with regard to all‐cause mortality and all‐cause hospitalization risk among fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries with AD (aged ≥ 65 years) using a retrospective cohort study design. Our primary analysis was based on intention to treat (ITT), but we also present as‐treated analysis.ResultsIn our final study sample (N = 21,558), significant difference in survival among index AD medication groups were observed with donepezil being associated with better survival than memantine, and oral and transdermal forms of rivastigmine for both ITT and as‐treated analysis. Difference in hazards of all‐cause hospitalization among index AD medication groups was observed in ITT analysis but not in as‐treated analysis.DiscussionSignificant differences exist in terms of mortality and hospitalization risk with different AD medication initiation in real‐world setting.
Networks of Revolutionary Workers: Socialist Red Women in Finland in 1918
Authors: Lintunen Tiina , Elo Kimmo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRevolutions need people. How do these people connect with each other, and how can the revolutionary message pass from one person to another? This article aims to answer these questions by examining the revolutionaries who participated in the Finnish Civil War on the rebellious Red side in 1918. We have chosen Red women from a particular district in Finland in order to analyse their connections and the networks created by membership of the labour movement, place of residence, and kinship. In order to see the layers of those connections, we utilize historical social network analysis rooted in digital history. This allows us to observe the significance and impact of regional, social networks and improves our understanding of structural factors affecting the intra-group dynamics among these revolutionary women. Our results support the claim that historical network analysis is a suitable tool for exploring interaction patterns and social structures in the past, and to gain new insights into historical phenomena.
How complementary are large frugivores for tree seedling recruitment? A case study in the Congo Basin
Authors: Trolliet Franck , Bauman David , Forget Pierre-Michel , Doucet Jean-Louis , Gillet Jean-François , Hambuckers Alain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLarge frugivores provide critical seed dispersal services for many plant species and their extirpation from forested ecosystems can cause compositional shifts in regenerating plant cohorts. Yet, we still poorly understand whether large seed-dispersers have complementary or redundant roles for forest regeneration. Here, to assess the functional complementarity of large-bodied frugivores in forest regeneration, we quantified the effects of varying abundance of hornbills, primates and the forest elephant on the density, species richness and the mean weighted seed length of animal-dispersed tree species among seedlings in five sites in a forest–savanna mosaic in D. R. Congo, while accounting for percentage forest cover and the local presence of fruiting trees. We found that the abundance of primates was positively associated with species richness of seedlings, while percentage forest cover was negatively associated (R2 = 0.19). The abundance of hornbills, the presence of elephants and percentage forest cover were positively associated with mean seed length of the regenerating cohort (R2 = 0.13). Spatially explicit analysis indicated that some additional processes have an important influence on these response indices. Primates would seem to have a preponderant role for maintaining relatively high species richness, while hornbills and elephant would seem to be predominantly responsible for the recruitment of large-seeded trees. Our results could indicate that these taxa of frugivores play complementary functional roles for forest regeneration. This suggests that the extirpation of one or more of these dispersers would likely not be functionally compensated for by the remaining taxa, hence possibly cascading into compositional shifts.
Want to Interview a Politician? Ways to Prepare for Digital Vetting by Political Staffers
Authors: Esselment Anna Lennox , Marland Alex 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article outlines how the advent of digital-communications technology, particularly social media, has contributed to an increased wariness by political elites to grant interviews to researchers. Errant remarks, misquotes, and comments taken out of context can exact a heavy price. Thus, politicians and their gatekeepers are far more cautious and risk averse than in decades past, which puts qualitative research methods—and the rich data they produce—in peril. Insights drawn from 32 qualitative, semi-structured interviews with social scientists, political journalists, and political staffers in six countries revealed that academics who submit interview requests should expect to be subjected to online scrutiny—a vetting—by gatekeepers before any access is granted. Digital screening aims to assess the authenticity and objectivity of the researcher. Our findings suggest that scholars who want to pursue qualitative research with politicians must practice online reputation management and perhaps even delve into personal marketing.
Food literacy programmes in secondary schools: a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence
Authors: Bailey Christopher J , Drummond Murray J , Ward Paul R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:The current review aimed to synthesise the literature on food literacy interventions among adolescents in secondary schools, the attitudes and perceptions of food literacy interventions in secondary schools, and their effects on dietary outcomes.Design:The systematic review searched five electronic databases from the earliest record to present.Setting:The studies selected for the review were from sixteen countries: Australia (n 10), Canada (n 1), China (n 1), France (n 1), Greece (n 2), Iran (n 1), South Africa (n 1), South India (n 1), Kenya (n 1), Norway (n 2), Portugal (n 1), Denmark (n 1), Northern Ireland (n 1), USA (n 17), UK (n 1) and Sweden (n 2).Participants:Adolescents aged 10–19 years.Results:Forty-four studies were eligible for inclusion. Adolescents with greater nutritional knowledge and food skills showed healthier dietary practices. Studies found a mixed association between food literacy and long-term healthy dietary behaviour. Two studies showed an improvement in adolescents’ cooking skills and food safety knowledge; six studies showed an improvement in overall food safety knowledge; six studies showed an improvement in overall food and nutritional knowledge; and two studies showed an improvement in short-term healthy dietary behaviour.Conclusions:Food literacy interventions conducted in a secondary-school setting have demonstrated a positive impact on healthy food and nutritional knowledge. However, there appears to be limited evidence supporting food literacy interventions and long-term dietary behaviours in adolescents. More evidence-based research is required to adequately measure all domains of food literacy and more age-specific food literacy interventions.
Drivers of Carbon Export Efficiency in the Global Ocean
Authors: Henson Stephanie , Le Moigne Fred , Giering Sarah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe export of organic carbon from the surface ocean forms the basis of the biological carbon pump, an important planetary carbon flux. Typically, only a small fraction of primary productivity (PP) is exported (quantified as the export efficiency: export/PP). Here we assemble a global data synthesis to reveal that very high export efficiency occasionally occurs. These events drive an apparent inverse relationship between PP and export efficiency, which is opposite to that typically used in empirical or mechanistic models. At the global scale, we find that low PP, high export efficiency regimes tend to occur when macrozooplankton and bacterial abundance are low. This implies that a decoupling between PP and upper ocean remineralization processes can result in a large fraction of PP being exported, likely as intact cells or phytoplankton‐based aggregates. As the proportion of PP being exported declines, macrozooplankton and bacterial abundances rise. High export efficiency, high PP regimes also occur infrequently, possibly associated with nonbiologically mediated export of particles. A similar analysis at a biome scale reveals that the factors affecting export efficiency may be different at regional and global scales. Our results imply that the whole ecosystem structure, rather than just the phytoplankton community, is important in setting export efficiency. Further, the existence of low PP, high export efficiency regimes imply that biogeochemical models that parameterize export efficiency as increasing with PP may underestimate export flux during decoupled periods, such as at the start of the spring bloom.