bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Green Foods Using a Combination of HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS/MS
Authors: Škvára Pavel , Kezmanová Julia , Mišl’anová Csilla , Vojs Staňová Andrea 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The beneficial effects of green foods on human health are well known. These benefits are mainly due to polyphenol content. The aim of this work was the development and utilization of an advanced mass spectrometry (MS) technique combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis and identification of polyphenolic compounds in green foods. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of selected extracts prepared from various types of green food (Urtica dioica L. and Allium ursinum L.) and their polyphenolic profiles were performed by an LCMS-IT-TOF analyzer equipped with electrospray ionization. HPLC separation was conducted by a Kinetex XB-C18 column (100µ2.1 mm; 2.6 µm) using gradient elution (water + 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid) with a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The MS1-MS3 analyses were performed within a 50-1000 m/z range in both positive and negative ionization modes. The total analysis time was 20 minutes and injected volumes were 2 µL and 5 µL, respectively
Silica Monolithic Capillary Columns for Hilic Separations
Authors: Moravcová Dana , Planeta Josef 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The monolithic capillary columns (0.1 mm x 150 mm) prepared by the acidic hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and urea were modified by zwitterionic stationary phases and evaluated under HILIC separation conditions by employing a mixture containing nucleosides and nucleotides. The polymeric layer of zwitterions did not affect the high separation efficiency of the original silica monolith. The prepared zwitterionic columns exhibited high separation efficiencies in a range 61,000-289,000 theoretical plates/m for a 2- methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-based stationary phase and in a range 59,000-135,000 theoretical plates/m for a [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide-based stationary phase under optimal separation conditions. The grafted layer of zwitterions on the silica monolithic surface also significantly improved the separation selectivity to compounds of interest
Dependence of pea root mass distribution on weather conditions under varying levels of phosphorus application
Authors: Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Rębilas Krzysztof 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of pea root mass in the soil, over a three-year period, under varying weather conditions and at different levels of phosphorus application, by means of evaluating and comparing parameters of a mathematical model characterising cumulative root mass distribution. A two-factor experiment was conducted in Prusy, near Krakow: the first factor was the level of phosphorus application (0-70-140 kg P2O5 ha−1) and the second was the cultivars (six cultivars were tested). Experimental data produced using the model indicated that the root distribution was strongly differentiated by water availability in the years of the study. This appeared in some cases to be a more important factor than phosphorus application rates. The estimated soil depth at which 50% of the root mass was accumulated differed significantly for the dry and the wet year. In the wet year, only very high phosphorus application rates contributed to an increase in root mass distribution. The estimation of root mass distribution from the presented data can be used to improve phosphorus application depending on the amount of precipitation.
Multigoal-oriented error estimates for non-linear problems
Authors: Endtmayer Bernhard , Langer Ulrich , Wick Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this work, we further develop multigoal-oriented a posteriori error estimation with two objectives in mind. First, we formulate goal-oriented mesh adaptivity for multiple functionals of interest for nonlinear problems in which both the Partial Differential Equation (PDE) and the goal functionals may be nonlinear. Our method is based on a posteriori error estimates in which the adjoint problem is used and a partition-of-unity is employed for the error localization that allows us to formulate the error estimator in the weak form. We provide a careful derivation of the primal and adjoint parts of the error estimator. The second objective is concerned with balancing the nonlinear iteration error with the discretization error yielding adaptive stopping rules for Newton’s method. Our techniques are substantiated with several numerical examples including scalar PDEs and PDE systems, geometric singularities, and both nonlinear PDEs and nonlinear goal functionals. In these tests, up to six goal functionals are simultaneously controlled.
Controlling the Operation Process of the Unmanned Aerial System
Authors: Ułanowicz Leszek , Jóźko Michał , Szczepaniak Paweł 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The development of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) encountered the problem of controlling the process of technical operation. The literature that is available to the authors lacks credible information concerning the principles of specifying the strategy and control of the process of UAS operation. Hence, it is necessary to recognise and interpret the basic UAS operation features. The purpose of the publication is to present the properties of the UAS as an object of operation and the mutual relation of the technical operation process with the UAS’ technical condition alteration process. We present the results of analyses in terms of functionality and the UAS’ utility potential. The publication pays special attention to the properties of the UAS as an object of operation. The paper includes the analysis of the UAS operation principles and the specification of the advantage and disadvantage of those principles, i.e. using a non-repairable UAS until damaged, using a repairable UAS until damaged, periodical technical servicing, continuous diagnostic operation. The proposals for the control models in the UAS operation system have also been included.
Evaluation of Seed Emergence, Seedling Vigor Enhancement of Some Populations from Satureja bachtiarica with Chemical, Mechanical and Physiological Treatment
Authors: Alizadeh M. A. , Arab H.A. , Tabaie R. , Nasiri M. , Jafari A.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The seeds of 3 populations from Satureja bachtiarica were collected from three native vegetation areas (Simirom2, Sharkord and Yazd). The different treatments including: cold stratification, gibberlic acid (50 and 100 ppm) Potassium nitrate (0.2 and 0.4 percent). Physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol %70) and distilled water (control) were used for breaking dormancy of the seed samples. For greenhouse experiment, the seed samples were treated with treatments and then were sown in pots using randomize design with three replications. Emergence percentage, emergence speed, length of root and shoot, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, dry/fresh weight ratio were evaluated during 45 days of experiment. Comparing of population Semirom2 form savory of Bachtiary was higher than other population. It was concluded that effect of gibberlic acid and potassium nitrate was higher than physical scarification and chemical scarification comparing with control.
Isotopeneffekte bei der photochemischen Umwandlung von Tritium-markiertem Uracil
Authors: Wacker Adolf , Kornhauser Andrija , Träger Lothar 
Published: August 2018

Bei der UV-Bestrahlung von Uracil-[5.6-3H] bilden sich je nach eingestrahlter Energie dimeres Uracil und Uracil-Wasseranlagerungsprodukt [5.6-Dihydro-6-hydroxyuracil] als radioaktive Photoprodukte. Während bei der Synthese des Wasseranlagerungsproduktes ein beträchtlicher sekundärer Isotopeneffekt wirksam wird, verändert sich die Radioaktivität des dimeren Uracils gegenüber der des Ausgangsuracils kaum.
Wird das Wasseranlagerungsprodukt durch Erwärmen zu Uracil zurückgewandelt, so dehydratisiert das Molekül ebenfalls unter Mitwirkung eines Isotopeneffektes. Wird das Uracildimere zu Uracil rückgewandelt, so beobachtet man keinen Isotopeneffekt.
Bei der Bestrahlung von Uracil in Tritium-haltigem Wasser werden nur sehr geringe Radioaktivitäten in die Photoprodukte eingebaut. Der Isotopeneffekt beträgt ca. 8. — Durch Synthese der Photoprodukte aus spezifisch an C-5 oder C-6 Tritium-markiertem Uracil bzw. durch Bromierung von 5.6-Tritium-markiertem Uracil bzw. dessen Photoprodukten zu den 5-Brom-Derivaten erhält man Hinweise, daß der Geschwindigkeits-bestimmende Schritt der Wasseraddition an C-6 des Uracils verläuft. Die inversen sekundären Isotopeneffekte betragen für Tritium an C-6 etwa 0,65, für Tritium an C-5 dagegen nur 0,95.
pKa-Werte von Ethidiumbromid und 7-Amino-9-phenyl-10- äthyl-phenanthridinium-bromid / pKa-Values of Ethidiumbromide and 7-Amino-9-phenyl-10-ethyl-phenanthridinium- bromide
Authors: Zimmermann Ingfried , Zimmermann Herbert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ethidiumbromide (1) has two amino groups in 2-and 7-position which are protonated in acidic water solution. Both pKa-values of 1 are determined at 20 °C by means of the pH-dependence of the electronic spectra using a iterative calculating procedure, pKa1 = 0.713, pKa2 = 2.43. Acetylation of 1 and quantum mechanical calculations lead to the conclusion that the electronic density at the 7-amino group is greater than in 2-position. Therefore with decreasing pH preferably the 7-amino group is protonated (pKa2). followed by the protonation of the 2-amino group (pKa1).
The pKa of 7-amino-9-phenyl-10-ethyl-phenanthridinium-bromide in water solution at 20 °C is determined to pKa= 1 .2 5 .
Non-Equivalence and Inverse Allosteric Response of the α and β Chains in Haemoglobins. An Electron Spin Resonance Study of NO-Ligated Hb Kansas
Authors: Twilfer Hans , Gersonde Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of 15NO- and 14NO-ligated Hb Kansas have been measured at 77 K in the range of pH 5 to 10. At low pH the ESR spectrum is the composite of a type I and a type II spectrum which changes to another composite of a type I and type II spectrum at high pH. For the definition of type I and type II spectra and the correlation of these types with two tertiary conformation states see Overkamp et al., Z. Naturforsch. 31 c , 524 [1976]. Both, the type I and the type II spectra observed at low and high pH respectively are different with regard to g-tensors and hyperfine-splitting constants. Therefore at intermediate pH values the ESR spectra of NO-Hb Kansas are the composites of four spectral components.
The assignments of the four spectral components to the a and the β chains are arrived at from the comparison of the ESR spectra of the α2
Mmet β2
NO and of the α2
MNO β2
NO species of Hb M Iwate. α and β chains are both characterized by a pH-dependent spectral transition from a type I to a type II spectrum. The chains are non-equivalent with regard to both the type I and the type II spectra. The type I spectra assigned to the a and the β chains are characterized by g*
zz = 2.0095 with a hyperfine splitting of a*
zz (15NO) = 2.36 mT and gzz = 2.0085 with a hyperfine splitting of a*
zz(15NO) = 2.41 mT respectively. The type II spectra assigned to the α and the β chains are characterized by g*′zz = 2.005 and a hyperfine splitting of a*′zz (15NO) = 3.07 mT and g′zz=2.005 and a hyperfine splitting of a′zz (15NO) = 3.31 mT.
The change of the hyperfine splitting at gzz during the transition from type I to type II corresponds to an increase of the spin density at the NO by about 25% in both types of chains. Comparison of type I spectra of the NO-ligated α and β chains respectively demonstrates that the spin density at the NO is larger in the β chains than in the oc chains.
The spectral types are correlated with functional states defined by the kinetics of NO-binding.
Binding of inositol hexaphosphate has no influence on the ESR spectra in the whole range of pH as it is expected if NO-Hb Kansas is in the quaternary T structure.
Organspezifische Applikation von pharmazeutisch aktiven Substanzen über zellulare Trägersysteme / Organ Specific Application of Drugs by Means of Cellular Capsule Systems
Authors: Zimmermann U , Pilwat G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
It is suggested to use living cells (red blood cells, lymphocytes and leucocytes) as drug delivery systems for temporal and spatial drug administration in human therapeutics and diagnosis. The effectiveness of drug loaded cells is demonstrated for the drug methotrexate which is used in cancer treatment.
Red blood cells are loaded with methotrexate using the dielectric breakdown technique. Dielectric breakdown leads to a transient increase of permeability of the cell membrane. Red blood cells loaded with tritium-labelled methotrexate were injected into mice and the activity level was measured in several organs as a function of time. It is shown that with this drug delivery system more than 50% of the drug (after 10 min) can be accumulated in the liver and that a high activity level can be sustained in this organ for more than 3 hours. On the other hand, administration of this drug by injecting solutions in the usual manner leads only to an 25% accumulation of methotrexate (after 10 min) in the liver. The drug is excreted completely after 1 to 2 hours.
It is proposed to load red blood cells simultaneously with para-or ferromagnetic substances to obtain organ-specificity for any selected site of the body.
Influence of Weekly Workload on Physical, Biochemical and Psychological Characteristics in Professional Rugby Union Players Over a Competitive Season
Authors: Dubois Romain , Lyons Mark , Paillard Thierry , Maurelli Olivier , Prioux Jacques 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dubois, R, Lyons, M, Paillard, T, Maurelli, O, and Prioux, J. Influence of weekly workload on physical, biochemical and psychological characteristics in professional rugby union players over a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 527–545, 2020—This study aimed to (a) quantify the physical workload (P-WL) during training and games throughout the professional rugby season and (b) analyze the influence of the season period and weekly-WL, at short (acute) and moderate (chronic) terms, on physical, biochemical, and psychological responses during the season. Physiological (physical and biochemical) responses to P-WL were analyzed by examining changes in the individual Z score of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT), submaximal aerobic tests (5′/5′-test), strength tests, countermovement jump tests, blood sampling, and “recovery-stress” scores (RESTq) in 14 professional players (26.9 ± 1.9 years). Changes throughout the season were analyzed using a linear mixed model to identify changes in P-WL, whereas repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze changes in physiological responses across the season. The relationship between P-WL and physiological responses was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The results showed that the preseason period comprised the highest level of P-WL compared with all other blocks across the season (p < 0.001). The acute P-WL, acute competitive-WL, and number of impacts seemed to be the WL parameters, which most influenced the physiological responses (changes in testosterone [T], cortisol [C], T/C ratio, IGF-1/C ratio, strength, and RESTq index). The chronic P-WL, particularly conditioning-WL, induced positive changes in fitness characteristics (YYIRT and 5′/5′-test). Finally, this study provides information to players and coaches alike as to the influence of P-WL on as well as adaptations in physiological and psychological indices throughout a playing season. This information can greatly inform the training and preparation of future players in different levels.
Understanding Physical Literacy in Youth
Authors: Faigenbaum Avery D. , Rial Rebullido Tamara 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
THE JOURNEY OF PHYSICAL LITERACY CAN BE VIEWED ALONG A CONTINUUM THAT MAY BE INFLUENCED BOTH POSITIVELY AND NEGATIVELY BY LIFE EXPERIENCES AND INTERACTIONS WITH THE PHYSICAL WORLD. THE PROPOSED MODEL HIGHLIGHTS THE INTERRELATED COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL LITERACY THAT ARE DEPENDENT ON THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF INDIVIDUAL MODERATE TO VIGOROUS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY EXPERIENCES.
Chemogenetic Isolation Reveals Synaptic Contribution of δ GABAAReceptors in Mouse Dentate Granule Neurons
Authors: Sun Min-Yu , Shu Hong-Jin , Benz Ann , Bracamontes John , Akk Gustav , Zorumski Charles F. , Steinbach Joe Henry , Mennerick Steven J. 
Published: August 2018

Two major GABAAreceptor classes mediate ionotropic GABA signaling, those containing a δ subunit and those with a γ2 subunit. The classical viewpoint equates γ2-containing receptors with IPSCs and δ-containing receptors with tonic inhibition because of differences in receptor localization, but significant questions remain because the populations cannot be pharmacologically separated. We removed this barrier using gene editing to confer a point mutation on the δ subunit in mice, rendering receptors containing the subunit picrotoxin resistant. By pharmacologically isolating δ-containing receptors, our results demonstrate their contribution to IPSCs in dentate granule neurons and weaker contributions to thalamocortical IPSCs. Despite documented extrasynaptic localization, we found that receptor localization does not preclude participation in isolated IPSCs, including mIPSCs. Further, phasic inhibition from δ subunit-containing receptors strongly inhibited summation of EPSPs, whereas tonic activity had little impact. In addition to any role that δ-containing receptors may play in canonical tonic inhibition, our results highlight a previously underestimated contribution of δ-containing receptors to phasic inhibition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGABAAreceptors play key roles in transient and tonic inhibition. The prevailing view suggests that synaptic γ2-containing GABAAreceptors drive phasic inhibition, whereas extrasynaptic δ-containing receptors mediate tonic inhibition. To re-evaluate the impact of δ receptors, we took a chemogenetic approach that offers a sensitive method to probe the synaptic contribution of δ-containing receptors. Our results reveal that localization does not strongly limit the contribution of δ receptors to IPSCs and that δ receptors make an unanticipated robust contribution to phasic inhibition.
Hypothyroidism conversion to hyperthyroidism: it’s never too late
Authors: Ahmad Ehtasham , Hafeez Kashif , Arshad Muhammad Fahad , Isuga Jimboy , Vrettos Apostolos 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Primary hypothyroidism is a common endocrine condition, most commonly caused by autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) while Graves’ disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is usually a permanent condition in most patients requiring lifelong levothyroxine treatment. Transformation from Hashimoto’s disease to Graves’ disease is considered rare but recently been increasingly recognised. We describe a case of a 61-year-old lady who was diagnosed with hypothyroidism approximately three decades ago and treated with levothyroxine replacement therapy. Approximately 27 years after the initial diagnosis of hypothyroidism, she started to become biochemically and clinically hyperthyroid. This was initially managed with gradual reduction in the dose of levothyroxine, followed by complete cessation of the medication, but she remained hyperthyroid, ultimately requiring anti-thyroid treatment with Carbimazole. This case highlights that there should be a high index of suspicion for a possible conversion of hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism, even many years after the initial diagnosis of hypothyroidism. To our knowledge, this case illustrates the longest reported time interval between the diagnosis of hypothyroidism until the conversion to hyperthyroidism.

Learning points:

Occurrence of Graves’ disease after primary hypothyroidism is uncommon but possible.

In this case, there was a time-lapse of almost 28 years and therefore this entity may not be as rare as previously thought.

Diagnosis requires careful clinical and biochemical assessment. Otherwise, the case can be easily confused for over-replacement of levothyroxine.

We suggest measuring both anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAB) in suspected cases.

The underlying aetiology for the conversion is not exactly known but probably involves autoimmune switch by an external stimulus in genetically susceptible individuals.
Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm with late liver metastasis
Authors: Marques Bernardo , Martins Raquel G , Tralhão Guilherme , Couto Joana , Saraiva Sandra , Ferrão Henrique , Ribeiro João , Santos Jacinta , Martins Teresa , Cadime Ana Teresa , Rodrigues Fernando 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (GNENs) are classified into three types according to their aetiology. We present a clinical case of a female patient of 66 years and a well-differentiated (grade 2), type 3 GNEN with late liver metastasis (LM). The patient underwent surgical excision of a gastric lesion at 50 years of age, without any type of follow-up. Sixteen years later, she was found to have a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) metastatic to the liver. The histological review of the gastric lesion previously removed confirmed that it was a NET measuring 8 mm, pT1NxMx (Ki67 = 4%). 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT reported two LM and a possible pancreatic tumour/gastric adenopathy. Biopsies of the lesion were repeatedly inconclusive. She had a high chromogranin A, normal gastrin levels and negative anti-parietal cell and intrinsic factor antibodies, which is suggestive of type 3 GNEN. She underwent total gastrectomy and liver segmentectomies (segment IV and VII) with proven metastasis in two perigastric lymph nodes and both with hepatic lesions (Ki67 = 5%), yet no evidence of local recurrence. A 68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT was performed 3 months after surgery, showing no tumour lesions and normalisation of CgA. Two years after surgery, the patient had no evidence of disease. This case illustrates a rare situation, being a type 3, well-differentiated (grade 2) GNEN, with late LM. Despite this, it was possible to perform surgery with curative intent, which is crucial in these cases, as systemic therapies have limited efficacy. We emphasise the need for extended follow-up in these patients.

Learning points:

GNENs have a very heterogeneous biological behaviour.

Clinical distinction between the three types of GNEN is essential to plan the correct management strategy.

LMs are rare and more common in type 3 and grade 3 GNEN.

Adequate follow-up is crucial for detection of disease recurrence.

Curative intent surgery is the optimal therapy for patients with limited and resectable LM, especially in well-differentiated tumours (grade 1 and 2).
УНІФІКАЦІЯ СИСТЕМ ФІНАНСОВОГО ТА УПРАВЛІНСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ: КОГЕРЕНТНО-КОГЕЗІЙНА МОДИФІКАЦІЯ ПРОГРАМ ЕНЕРГОЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Klimchuk M.M. 
Published: August 2018

Досліджено проблематику уніфікації управлінського та фінансового обліку на основі концепту інтегрованої звітності через принцип цілісності економіко-аналітичного забезпечення реалізації програм енергозбереження підприємства. Визначено, що одним з основних факторів, який чинить значний вплив на рівень ефективності системи управління енергозбереженням підприємства є економіко-аналітичне забезпечення. Представлено когерентно-когезійна модель економіко-аналітичного забезпечення системи управління енергозбереженням на підприємстві, що надасть можливість створити спільний інформаційний простір для стейкхолдерів.