bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reshaping the Sustainable Geographical Pattern: A Major Function Zoning Model and Its Applications in China
Authors: Fan Jie , Wang Yafei , Wang Chuansheng , Chen Tian , Jin Fengjun , Zhang Wenzhong , Li Lijuan , Xu Yong , Dai Erfu , Tao Anjun , Zhou Kan , Li Jiuyi , Tang Qing , Chen Dong , Guo Rui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe imbalance between human activities and Earth's natural surface adversely affects the sustainability of the Earth system. From an understanding of the suitability of surface functions and potential ramifications of policy decisions, this study proposes a sustainable geographical pattern. It introduces a national‐to‐provincial downscaling approach to optimizing a national‐scale zoning scheme that covers 60%–80% of land development and protection functions in China and to creating a major function zoning model. Taking China as the case study area, the following function zones are identified: urbanization zones, food security zones, ecological security zones, and heritage protection zones. This study then proposes a three‐dimensional index system and algorithm, develops individual and integrated assessments for the major functions of the land grid, and produces national‐scale and provincial‐scale major function zoning schemes consisting of county‐level administrative cells, the first schemes to create a blueprint for a sustainable national land pattern in China through optimized convergence. In total, 5% of China's land area is covered by urbanized zones, 28% by food security zones, 55% by ecological security zones, and 12% by heritage protection zones. In the future, there will be 805 urbanization administrative units, 790 food security counties, 780 ecological security counties, and 8,151 heritage protection zones. The scheme created using the model developed in this study is 95% consistent with the final scheme implemented by China's central government, and it has a high degree of robustness and precision. It can serve as a reference for scientific research and decision‐making concerning sustainable development in developing countries.
Boundary of Nighttime Ozone Chemical Equilibrium in the Mesopause Region From SABER Data: Implications for Derivation of Atomic Oxygen and Atomic Hydrogen
Authors: Kulikov M. Yu. , Nechaev A. A. , Belikovich M. V. , Vorobeva E. V. , Grygalashvyly M. , Sonnemann G. R. , Feigin A. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the criterion for validity of the nighttime ozone chemical equilibrium assumption in the mesopause region is applied to Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry data for the year 2004 to define the boundary of this equilibrium. We demonstrate that the boundary varies within the range of 77–86 km depending on season and latitude and the retrieval of atomic oxygen from the equilibrium assumption below this boundary leads to significant (up to 5–8 times) underestimation of this component's concentration in the range of 80–85 km. However, this fact does not influence the subsequent atomic hydrogen retrieval.
Extreme‐Value Geoelectric Amplitude and Polarization Across the Northeast United States
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Lucas Greg M. , Bedrosian Paul A. , Kelbert Anna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMaps are presented of extreme‐value geoelectric field amplitude and horizontal polarization for the Northeast United States. These maps are derived from geoelectric time series calculated for sites across the Northeast by frequency‐domain multiplication (time‐domain convolution) of 172 magnetotelluric impedance tensors, acquired during a survey, with decades‐long, 1‐min resolution time series of geomagnetic variation, acquired at three magnetic observatories. The maps show that, during intense magnetic storms, high geoelectric amplitude hazards are realized across electrically resistive, igneous and metamorphic rock of the Appalachian Mountains and the New England Highlands, while low geoelectric hazards are realized across electrically conductive, sedimentary rock of the Appalachian Plateau and the Mid‐Atlantic Coastal Plain. From statistical extrapolation, once‐per‐century (100‐year) geoelectric amplitudes are highest at a site in Virginia at 25.44 V/km (followed by a site in Maine at 21.75 V/km and a site in Connecticut at 19.39 V/km); 100‐year geoelectric amplitude exceeds 10 V/km at 12 sites across the northeast; geoelectric amplitude is lowest at a site in Virginia at 0.05 V/km. Average errors for these values are estimated to be about 38%, or much less than the more than 2 orders of magnitude range seen in geoelectric amplitudes from one survey site to another across the northeast. It is noteworthy that geoelectric fields tend to be most (least) polarized at locations with high (low) geoelectric hazard. Furthermore, geoelectric fields over the Appalachians tend to be polarized southeast‐to‐northwest, or generally in a direction orthogonal to the southwest‐to‐northeast geological strike. Results reported here inform utility companies in projects for evaluating and managing the response of power grid systems to the deleterious effects of geomagnetic disturbance.
Mass Transfer Between Recirculation and Main Flow Zones: Is Physically Based Parameterization Possible?
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Qing , Wang Lichun , Chen Yi‐Feng , Cardenas M. Bayani 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecirculation zones (RZs) are common in many geophysical flows. These zones form near irregular solid boundaries and are separate from the main flow. Since mass can be trapped and later released locally from RZs, bulk transport can exhibit long tails—an anomalous behavior that is challenging to predict. The underlying RZ mass transfer and retention in this situation is poorly understood despite common parameterization by effective exchange coefficients in mobile‐immobile (MIM) domain models. We analyzed the mass transfer process using computationally resolved flow and transport fields inside two‐dimensional rough fractures. RZs were delineated by a novel technique followed by quantification of mass transfer across the interface with the main flow zone. The results showed that the first‐order mass transfer coefficient is a function of Reynolds number and velocity difference between the RZ and bulk flow. A distributed mobile‐immobile model with the directly estimated parameters accurately reproduced bulk anomalous transport. While the distributed mobile‐immobile model is not yet predictive, its development showed that mass transfer coefficients for flows involving RZs are physically meaningful, potentially predictable, and useful for elucidating local mass transfer processes within the general framework of mobile‐immobile transport modeling.
Downscaling Vertical GPS Observations to Derive Watershed‐Scale Hydrologic Loading in the Northern Rockies
Authors: Knappe E. , Bendick R. , Martens H. R. , Argus D. F. , Gardner W. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGPS time series of vertical displacement include the elastic response of the Earth to a combination of regional and local loading signals arising from hydrologic mass transfer. The regional loading, controlled by seasonal, synoptic precipitation patterns, dominates the displacement of individual stations and is highly correlated among stations with separation distances from 10 to 300 km. The local loading, controlled by small‐scale precipitation and storage variability, has much shorter correlation lengths of <30 km. We develop a new method to separate the regional and local contributions using common mode analysis and show that GPS is capable of measuring the local hydrologic load changes at watershed scales of tens of kilometers. Using this methodology, GPS‐measured displacement provides an integrated measurement of hydrologic load at a spatial scale between the existing long‐wavelength resolution of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and point measurement resolution of a precipitation station. Thus, GPS time series record critical observations for monitoring integrated hydrologic budgets at scales useful for water management and assessment of the hydro‐ecological response to climate change.
Mitochondrial protein E2F3d, a distinctive E2F3 product, mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in cancer cells
Authors: Araki Keigo , Kawauchi Keiko , Sugimoto Wataru , Tsuda Daisuke , Oda Hiroya , Yoshida Ryosuke , Ohtani Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMitochondrial damage is caused by changes in the micro-environmental conditions during tumor progression. Cancer cells require mechanisms for mitochondrial quality control during this process; however, how mitochondrial integrity is maintained is unclear. Here we show that E2F3d, a previously unidentified E2F3 isoform, mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in cancer cells. Aberrant activity and expression of the E2F3 transcription factor is frequently observed in many cancer cells. Loss of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein family function increases the expression of E2F3d and E2F3a. E2F3d localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and its cytosolic domain contains an LC3-interacting region motif. Overexpression of E2F3d induces mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy, suggesting that E2F3d plays an important role in mitophagy. Furthermore, depletion of E2F3s attenuates hypoxia-induced mitophagy and increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, which is reversed by the reintroduction of E2F3d. This study presents another key player that regulates mitochondrial quality control in cancer cells.
Life history shapes variation in egg composition in the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus
Authors: Valcu Cristina-Maria , Scheltema Richard A. , Schweiggert Ralf M. , Valcu Mihai , Teltscher Kim , Walther Dirk M. , Carle Reinhold , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMaternal investment directly shapes early developmental conditions and therefore has long-term fitness consequences for the offspring. In oviparous species prenatal maternal investment is fixed at the time of laying. To ensure the best survival chances for most of their offspring, females must equip their eggs with the resources required to perform well under various circumstances, yet the actual mechanisms remain unknown. Here we describe the blue tit egg albumen and yolk proteomes and evaluate their potential to mediate maternal effects. We show that variation in egg composition (proteins, lipids, carotenoids) primarily depends on laying order and female age. Egg proteomic profiles are mainly driven by laying order, and investment in the egg proteome is functionally biased among eggs. Our results suggest that maternal effects on egg composition result from both passive and active (partly compensatory) mechanisms, and that variation in egg composition creates diverse biochemical environments for embryonic development.
Synthesis of submicrometre Cu particles via a reduction in triethanolamine solvent
Authors: Kim Myeong In , Lee Jong‐Hyun 
Published: December 2018

With the aim of preparing a low‐cost filler material to enhance the bondability of a sinter‐bonding paste, submicrometre Cu particles with little agglomeration were successfully synthesised by a simple solvothermal recipe using CuO as a precursor and triethanolamine as a solvent. The required synthesis time and the average size (216–821 nm) of the synthesised Cu particles decreased proportionally with the increasing synthesis temperature. The required synthesis times were found to be 30 and 60 min and the particle sizes of 410 and 821 nm were achieved at synthesis temperatures of 200 and 180°C, respectively. The CuO particles were transformed into Cu2 O nanoparticles by accepting the hydrogen ions and electrons released during the conversion of the triethanolamine to the aldehyde by the oxidation of its three hydroxyl groups. Submicrometre pure Cu particles could be subsequently formed from aggregates of the Cu2 O nanoparticles by removing O ions from Cu2 O during the continuous conversion of the aldehyde to nitrilotriacetic acid.
Temperature effects on anharmonic infrared spectra of large compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Chen Tao 
Published: December 2018

Aims. Large compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAHs) present special interest in the astrochemical community. A key issue in analyses of large PAHs is understanding the effect that temperature and anharmonicity have on different vibrational bands, and thus interpreting the infrared (IR) spectra for molecules under various conditions.
Methods. Because of the huge amount of interactions/resonances in large PAHs, no anharmonic IR spectrum can be produced with static/time-independent ab initio method, especially for the molecules with D6h symmetry, e.g., coronene and circumcoronene. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to generate anharmonic IR spectra of coronene and circumcoronene.
Results. The method is validated for small PAHs, i.e., naphthalene and pyrene. We find that the semiempirical method PM3 produces accurate band positions with an error <5 cm−1. Furthermore, we calculate the spectra at multiple temperatures and find a clear trend toward band shifting and broadening.
When Should We Stop Scanning Older Patients with Vestibular Schwannomas?
Authors: Borsetto Daniele , Gair Juliette , Kenyon Olivia , Das Tilak , Donnelly Neil , Axon Patrick , Macfarlane Robert , Mannion Richard , Scoffings Daniel , Bance Manohar , Tysome James 
Published: December 2018

Objective Observation is a well-accepted management for small- to medium-sized vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Although there are good data on the natural history of this disease within adults, no studies have looked specifically at those aged over 70 years. Thus, there is a need for a surveillance protocol to determine if and when we can stop imaging safely patients aged 70 years and over with a new diagnosis of VSs when managed with observation.
Design Over a 13-year period, we retrospectively analyzed all skull base unit patients with a sporadic unilateral VSs managed with an imaging surveillance protocol. All data were collected prospectively with a minimum follow-up of 5 years.
Setting Tertiary referral skull base unit
Participants Patients aged 70 years and over with sporadic VSs at diagnosis
Main Outcome Measures Main outcome measures
Results A total of 112 patients met inclusion criteria. The median age at diagnosis was 74 years (range: 70–87 years). The mean follow-up was 82 months (range: 60–144). The size of the VSs at diagnosis was intracanalicular (IC) in 46%, small in 41%, medium in 12%, and large in 2%.Growth was more likely where tumors were extracanalicular (EC) rather than IC at presentation (p = 0.036) and within the first 18 months after diagnosis (p < 0.001). Twenty-nine percent of VSs displayed growth (6% continued surveillance, 23% received active treatment). Good hearing at diagnosis did not predict tumor stability for IC or EC tumors (p = 0.162 and p = 0.536).
Conclusions Since no VSs grew after 42 months from diagnosis, our data support an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 6 months after diagnosis followed by an annual MRI for 3 years. At this point, consideration could be given to discussing discontinuation or further imaging with patients.
Tricoordinate silyl cations (silylium ions)
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. 
Published: December 2018

Being silicon analogues of carbenium ions, which are ubiquitous in organic chemistry, silylium ions play a pivotal role in organosilicon chemistry. However, unlike widespread carbenium ions, silylium ions are much less accessible and much more difficult to stabilize due to the lower electronegativity of the silicon atom, its greater polarizability and notably larger size (compared to those of carbon atom), which results in extraordinarily high electrophilicity and Lewis acidity of silylium ions. These peculiar characteristics of silylium ions require very special, sophisticated synthetic approaches for their generation, isolation and structural elucidation, on the one hand, and open the door for their use as exceptionally potent Lewis acids in a number of catalytic transformations, on the other hand. In this review, we present and discuss the latest advances in the field of stable silylium ion derivatives, particularly emphasizing the state-of-the-art procedures for their synthesis, structural studies both in solution and in the solid state, most remarkable recent representatives of the isolable silylium ions, and finally, discuss the use of silylium ions in synthetic organic chemistry.
The bibliography includes 155 references.
Modeling stochastic processes in disease spread across a heterogeneous social system
Authors: Kim Minkyoung , Paini Dean , Jurdak Raja 
Published: December 2018

Significance
This study infers probabilistic infection routes of a vector-borne disease, by modeling internal dynamics of metapopulations driven by human mobility as multivariate stochastic processes. In this way, our proposed model uncovers the self-excitation and mutual excitation nature of disease spread across a heterogeneous social system with rich context. Our model is a general extension of networked Hawkes processes, providing flexibilities to add constraints (presence of diffusion medium) and to use domain knowledge (cross-metapopulation connectivity), enabling covering of direct and indirect diffusion processes such as contact-based and vector-borne disease spread. Our model is readily applicable to a wide range of intragroup and intergroup diffusion processes in social and natural systems and can infer probabilistic causality between discrete events.
Data-driven supervised learning of a viral protease specificity landscape from deep sequencing and molecular simulations
Authors: Pethe Manasi A. , Rubenstein Aliza B. , Khare Sagar D. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Substrate specificity landscape of a protease enzyme is the set of all substrate sequences that are recognized/cut (and, as importantly, not recognized/cut) by the enzyme. Accurate and rapid elucidation of these landscapes for any given protease is key for the design of novel targeted proteases to prevent unwarranted off-target cleavage, and provides insight into the functional robustness of naturally occurring proteases. We developed a structure-guided approach for predicting protease substrate specificity landscapes, in which data from experiments in yeast and molecular simulations are combined using machine learning. Using this approach, we comprehensively map the sequence−energetics−function landscape of the hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease and its drug-resistant variants.
Fixation probabilities in weakly compressible fluid flows
Authors: Plummer Abigail , Benzi Roberto , Nelson David R. , Toschi Federico 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Marine fronts, where two different water masses meet, are characterized by high biological productivity. Determining which organisms are able to thrive in these environments is crucial to understanding ocean ecosystems. However, many questions about how natural selection functions in an advective environment remain unanswered. We study flows with sources and sinks to model the upwellings and convergences experienced by plankton at marine fronts. Remarkably, even when the flows are so weak that they cannot significantly alter the spatial distribution of organisms, they substantially affect genetic outcomes. The flow reduces the effective population size and makes the fate of organisms strongly dependent on local flow conditions. In particular, organisms born in upwelling regions experience a considerably enhanced probability of survival.
BasiScript
Authors: Tellings Agnes , Oostdijk Nelleke , Monster Iris , Grootjen Franc , van den Bosch Antal 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This short paper introduces BasiScript, a 9-million-word corpus of contemporary Dutch texts written by primary
school children. The data were collected over three years with 17,216 children contributing texts throughout this period. Each
word token in the corpus is annotated with the correct orthographical form, the associated lemma and the part of speech. The most
frequent polysemous words have been annotated for word meaning, while all words in the lexicon that was derived from the
BasiScript corpus have been annotated for corpus and subcorpora frequency, dispersion, length, family size, family frequency,
orthographic neighborhood size, and orthographic neighborhood frequency. Images of the texts are available to researchers. The
present article describes the corpus and presents a comparison of BasiScript with BasiLex (a Dutch corpus with texts primary
school children are likely to read, completed in 2015) by means of frequency profiling.
Los códigos visual y musical en el marco de la competencia semiológica en español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Níkleva Dimitrinka G. 
Published: December 2018

ResumenEl presente estudio pretende analizar la inclusión de los contenidos visuales y musicales culturales en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera. El marco teórico del estudio sitúa los códigos visual y musical en el marco de la competencia semiológica y de las inteligencias múltiples y se ofrecen claves interculturales para su descodificación. Se analiza un cuestionario sobre el dominio de estos códigos por parte de dos grupos de alumnos: hablantes de español como lengua extranjera y hablantes de español como lengua nativa. Los resultados del grupo de nativos sirven para poder proponer una selección de contenidos visuales y musicales apropiados parael aula de español como lengua extranjera, según su frecuencia y popularidad en la lengua y cultura meta. Los resultados del estudio indican que en el ámbito del español para extranjeros, el conocimiento de contenidos visuales y musicales culturalmente codificados no depende del nivel de español de los alumnos.
On focus and weight in Spanish as a heritage language
Authors: Gómez Soler Inmaculada , Pascual y Cabo Diego 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious research on heritage speaker (HS) bilingualism suggests, not without controversy, that certain properties of HSs’ grammars, mainly discursive properties, can result in divergent grammatical outcomes in adulthood be it as a result of incomplete acquisition or attrition. This study contributes to this line of research by examining whether HSs’ word order configurations with Spanish double object constructions reflect compliance with the pragmatic (End-Focus Principle) and syntactic related factors (End-Weight Principle) that regulate word order in Spanish. To this end, two groups of HSs with different proficiency levels in Spanish as well as a bilingual and a monolingual control group, all of Mexican origin, completed an acceptability judgment task. HSs’ performance on this task shows that their knowledge of the discursive nuances associated with constituent order remains as robust as their knowledge of the syntactic factors associated with this phenomenon. Our findings therefore suggest that this linguistic domain may not be subject to so-called incomplete acquisition or L1 attrition.
Pragmatics in CLIL
Authors: Nashaat Sobhy Nashwa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study is a mixed-method, cross-sectional study that compares the acquisition of request modification in the productions of two secondary school groups (15–16 years old) in two school programs: content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and traditional mainstream (non-CLIL). A total of 192 requests were gathered from both groups by means of an elicitation instrument (a Written Discourse Completion Test – WDCT). The requestive pragmatic moves (external and internal modifiers and request strategies) were analysed according to their pragmatic functions (softeners and aggravators) and a data-driven taxonomy of request modification was elaborated in line with previously developed taxonomies (Blum-Kulka et al., 1989;Alcón Soler et al., 2005) for the data analysis. The results showed that both groups share similarities typical of foreign language learners. Nonetheless, significant statistical differences between them indicated that the CLIL group had a fuller repertoire of request modification strategies, yet their sociopragmatic knowledge is questioned.