bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Flexibility of Urban Energy Systems (FIRST) project: Rationale and study design of an exploratory project
Authors: Aelenei D , Amaral Lopes R , Silva C , Aelenei L , Costa F , Majdalani N , Simões T , Martins J , Gonçalves H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the publication of the new Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, a large number of buildings are expected to become high energy performance and explore more the availability of renewable energy resources. Such buildings are often described in literature as nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB). Because renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, have an intrinsic variability, the zero-energy annual balance of nZEBs is difficult to reach at short time resolution (e.g. hourly). Thus, since electricity generation from small-scale solar renewable (typical case in Portugal) in individual households has limited capacity to be adjusted according to the power system needs, it is relevant to consider the demand flexibility potential, specially at community level (cluster of buildings). Unfortunately, there is a lack of studies on the impact of changes in electricity use at urban level on the future energy systems. Therefore, an approach addressing the energy flexibility (EF) in buildings may allow obtaining useful exploratory directions for the construction sector and related markets, policy makers and regulatory bodies. For these reasons, an exploratory project aimed at examining the potential of EF at the level of an existent neighbourhood in Lisbon was initiated. In this article we describe the objectives, design, and methods of the FIRST project, designed to map out the potential for EF in terms of benefits and costs in Lisbon.
Virtual Singapore integration with energy simulation and canopy modelling for climate assessment
Authors: Ignatius M , Wong N H , Martin M , Chen S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Urban heat island (UHI) can be described as characteristics of warmth for both the atmospheres and surfaces in cities compared to rural surroundings. The attention on UHI has helped to advance the development of urban cooling strategies in Singapore. However, these strategies are often implemented at different levels with different mechanisms, and studies on the environmental implications of these strategies are often segregated. Therefore, understanding on how the urban canopy works is vital to analyse the energy performance, because canopy modelling is significant in estimating urban weather conditions, which affects the heat gain intake for buildings. It is thus become imperative to develop an integrated model for accurate prediction of weather conditions at different scales. By utilizing the Virtual Singapore (VSg) database, this study explores the development an integrated simulation platform, named BESCAM, for climate assessment and district energy demand. It focuses on urban canopy modelling and building energy simulation. The approach is to use CityGML from VSg as input, which comprises converted Building Information Modelling (BIM) buildings. Then, an urban canopy modelling (UCM) is developed to assess the microclimate condition with urban morphology consideration. Afterwards, building energy simulation can be conducted consecutively using EnergyPlus by integrating microclimate and building information. Hence, the BESCAM platform would offer a unique opportunity to architects, engineers, and scientists to use the same source of information, using VSg database, for conducting their own analysis and compare their conclusions.
Spatial quality of renovated open space in Tokyo via the experiences of users with urban gardening
Authors: Nguyen Tran Y K , Murata R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Since last century, megacities have been seeking measures to enhance the living condition of its urban dwellers by green infrastructures like parks or rooftop greening. Their social and environmental benefits offer considerable solutions for sustainable urban design, which is a critical concern in the era of climate change. Additionally, other concern of compacts cities is to improve the quality of their neglected open space and accommodate the city lifestyle. These concerns mentioned above lead to a noticeable trend of designing renovated open space (OS) using urban gardening (UG) in recent years, intending to raise awareness of natural resource in the urban area. In Japan particularly, research proves that gardening for leisure is improving the well-being of urban citizen, especially in Tokyo metropolitan. However, the past research focus was on the impact of UG on people, the management or the technic employed but not on the spatial quality itself, like the one in the author’s previous study. In the author’s recent work, open space with urban gardening (OSUG) was examined firstly through the user’s eyes to reveal their experience in space. Then seven scenarios were identified to determine the quality of urban space in OSUG, as characterized by the variation of three factors: Usage, Space Affordance, and Image of Identity. In this study, space itself will be analysed in connection with the design concept to understand the user’s experience linked to Space Affordance (SA). The finding will reveal the impact of SA in the relation of design concept and the user’s experience. Based on that a method for the future design of urban green space for compacts cities can be defined.
Estimation of time series urban energy demand and Examination of optimal energy supply system
Authors: Takahashi K , Ueno T , Sumiyoshi D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
From the background of the liberalization of electricity and city gas retail market, it is considered that in the future Japan will move to a distributed supply form from each building and household. In order to properly place and operate this decentralized supply facility in the city, knowledge of time-series demand fluctuation in urban scale is necessary, but since there is no data or estimation method corresponding to this, it is necessary to develop one.
In this research, we first developed a program to estimate the energy demand fluctuation at five-minute intervals of non-residential buildings in urban scale into four energy applications (electricity, cooling, heating, and hot water supply). First, we acquire the building information (usage, extended floor, and coordinates) of the target city by GIS (Geographic Information System) data. Based on this data, we predict the demand fluctuation by building as a reference. By distributing the value, using probability density based on statistical and measurement data, we reproduced the variation of demand due to the difference of building characteristics which cannot be obtained via GIS data. We estimate the demand fluctuation for a city by integrating the building-specific demand fluctuation estimation values.
In this paper, the calculation was carried out using a program for Fukuoka city, Tenjin and Hakata districts, and the estimation result was compared and verified.
Based on the data obtained by the urban energy demand estimation program, we will consider optimal placement and operation methods of distributed supply equipment typified by PV panel, cogeneration, and storage battery. By flagging the presence or absence of equipment for each building and calculating it, we compared and examined the amount of energy reduction in each pattern.
A design-driven approach to integrate high-performance photovoltaics devices on the building façade
Authors: Chen T , Lau S Y , Zhang J , Xue X , Lau S K , Khoo Y S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To promote sustainable development, the Singapore government has set an aggressive target for PV deployment. However, as a highly urbanized city-state, Singapore has limited land space. Hence, innovative PV deployment is one area where Singapore is actively exploring. In urban environment, Singapore has a lot of vertical building surfaces; building-integrated PV (BIPV) is one of the good options to further increase PV adoption. Using a design-driven approach, this paper explores a different way of integrating PV modules on the building façade, considering the aesthetic as well as the building performance of PV modules.
Field Study of Passive Techniques and Adaptive Behaviour in the Traditional Courtyard Houses of Kabul
Authors: Fazeel Hosham Ayaz , Kubota Tetsu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper examined the passive techniques used in the traditional courtyard houses of Kabul using on-site measurements of their thermal environment during winter and summer. It was found that the high thermal mass structure was efficient in creating a stable indoor environment during both seasons. The adaptive behaviour of migrating horizontally to the northern and southern rooms during winter and summer was found to be effective. Moreover, the added insulation from the attached neighbour building and the thermal mass effect on the second layer rooms were found to play a major role in creating cool and stable indoor spaces in summer. The basements were among the coolest spaces during the summer months regardless of their opening conditions. However, a permanently closed basement was as cool as the minimum outdoor air temperature during the daytime. During the winter days, indoor thermal comfort varied based on solar orientation and the south facing rooms received direct solar radiation therefore provided longer comfort periods. The central courtyard was found to be a sheltered space during the winter and summer, which created a comfortable semi-outdoor space for specific periods during these months.
Development of a rating scale to measuring the KPIs in the generation and evaluation of holistic renovation scenarios
Authors: Kamari A , Kirkegaard PH 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Future building renovation concerns sustainability in broader perspectives facilitated by holistic renovation scenarios. The aim of this paper is firstly identification of both objective and subjective used sustainability sub-criteria and their relevant most effective Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in building renovation context. It is carried out by adopting a five-stage systematic methodology including review of Danish Standards for the renovation of dwellings. This is a focal point for most – if not all – design team and consultancies interested in renovation projects. Whilst the answer to this is of course very contextual, this paper presents an overview of the sustainability criteria beside their relevant KPIs and how they are perceived and measured by the professional practitioners. To do so, the efforts are put in place towards the development of a rating scale to measuring the sustainability-related measurable KPIs in the generation and evaluation of holistic renovation scenarios for dwellings.
A simulation based framework to optimize the interior design parameters for effective Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) experience in affordable residential units: Cases from Mumbai, India
Authors: Sarkar A , Bardhan R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study intends to optimise the interior layout of two low-income multi-rise tenement designs that would provide effective indoor environmental quality (IEQ) over the breathing zone. A variety of interior layouts were generated for both space constrained tenement units by introducing and varying interior architectural parameters and their respective design variables such as partition wall, cook-stove and furniture location. The study initiated with in-situ sensor development coupled with a stepwise simulation based framework involving sampling based parametric modelling followed by CFD simulations and multi-objective optimisation. Air velocity, temperature, and pollutant concentrations were considered as surrogate measures of IEQ. The research finally delivered two varying interior design layout with optimised design variables that would deliver indoor air quality within comfort range over the breathing zone in nat-vent conditions. Dearth of sustainable design strategies is a major dead-spot in habitat planning policies of India and needs urgent attention. This data driven research heuristics if applied through building design guidelines would help the architects, building engineers and urban planners to design and rejuvenate slum and low-income habitats by imbibing the environmental sustainability aspect in habit design policies.
A New Through-Wall Air Conditioning System with Improved Performance for High-Rise Office Buildings
Authors: Tsukami Shiro , Kubo Hirotaka , Icinose Masayuki , Kato Takaya 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As one type of perimeter air conditioning (AC) systems, there is a through-wall unit (TWU) that processes perimeter heat by exchanging heat with an outdoor fan from an exterior grill on the outer wall of a building. In this study, we improved the TWU by adding a new operation mode to cascade-use room exhaust air for the compressor heat exchange and developed a high efficiency perimeter air-conditioning system. This paper shows the outline of the new air-conditioning system by combining various operation patterns of the TWU. This enables selection corresponding to various air-conditioning needs in an office building, and it improves comfort and saves energy. In addition, the TWU exhaust performance tests of a sash shape model and a full scale model were carried out. From the viewpoint of exhaust performance when using a TWU in a high-rise building, and achieving the necessary cooling and heating capacity, it was confirmed that this would perform well.
Impact of occupants’ behaviour on energy consumption and corresponding strategies in office buildings
Authors: Dong Zhao , Zhao Kang , Hua Ying , Xue Yucong , Ge Jian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Among commercial buildings, office buildings have the largest number and have the highest total energy consumption (about 14% of the energy consumed by all commercial buildings). Energy used by the HVAC and lighting systems to create comfort indoor thermal and visual environments account for more than half of the total energy usage. The utilization rate of space affects the actual requirement of space heating, cooling and lighting, as well as the performance of equipment and systems. A slow but steady increase in office vacancy is observed as more people work asymmetrically across increasingly remote locations or with a more flexible schedule. Unlike in traditional offices, work style in many new offices involves towards a shared workplace with diverse work activities. This paper focuses on the impact of occupants’ behaviour on energy utilization in different types of office buildings and corresponding workplace spatial strategies. The features of the energy use for space cooling, heating and lighting with different occupant rates in different spatial settings, such as private office, open office and coworking office, are depicted. Furthermore, the potential for energy savings with optimization technique, i.e., integrating the real time occupancy data into building air-conditioning and lighting systems for usage-based demand control strategies, are estimated with the method of simulation. According to the calculation results, strategies for improving energy consumption for different office settings are proposed respectively for design and operation.
Comparative Study on Energy Consumption in the Asian Landlocked Countries
Authors: Fukuyo K , Hirohata N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the present and future of the residential energy consumption in the Asian landlocked countries: Laos (Lao PDR) and Nepal. Although Laos and Nepal are classified as the least developed countries (LDCs) and share many similarities in terms of geographical and socio-economic features, energy use, especially electricity use, is very different. In 2016, the residential electricity consumption (per capita per annum) of Laos and Nepal are 256.8kWh and 79.5kWh, respectively. The regression analysis and the Granger causality test show that there is quantitative and causal relationship between the economic growth and residential electricity consumption. The difference in the electricity consumption is thus able to be illustrated by their economic disparity. And moreover, if the linear relationship between the per capita GDP and residential electricity consumption continues in Nepal for many years to come, Nepal can catch up with Laos in terms of residential electricity use when the level of economic development reaches to that of Laos. However, a detailed consideration draws attention to the fact that Nepal is way behind in the electricity generation capacity per capita as compared with Laos. The limitation of installed capacity may suppress the growth of ownership of home appliances and the residential electricity use in Nepal in the near future despite of the high access to electricity and their abundant water resources.
Optimization of process parameters for pipeline CO2 transportation with impurities
Authors: Chen Bing , Guo Huanhuan , Bai Shixing , Cao Shuangge 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
According to the actual engineering experience of many years of abroad, and impurities will have an impact on pipeline transportation parameters. This paper takes the 300,000 tons/year CCUS project of an oilfield in China as an example. The Pipe phase simulation software was used to simulate the supercritical dense phase carbon dioxide pipelines with different inlet diameters under the same inlet parameters, and analyze the most suitable pipeline transportation process parameters for impurities containing supercritical dense phase carbon dioxide. The feasibility plan of carbon dioxide pipeline transportation has laid a foundation for the comprehensive construction of carbon dioxide pipeline network in China.
Design and Exploration of Drainage System based on Pressure Pipeline in Buildings
Authors: Jiang Xiaoxin , Wu Bi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the drainage system of buildings in China, the drainage system based on pressure pipeline is studied. Firstly, the development background of building drainage in China is described, and the flow algorithm of pressure pipeline is introduced. On this basis, the drainage test of single riser and double riser system is designed. Through comparative analysis of the test, the drainage characteristics of the pipeline drainage system are obtained, and the relevant design methods of the drainage system in buildings are obtained based on the pressure pipeline. The drainage performance of double risers is better than that of single risers. Double risers should be used as much as possible in construction, especially in high-rise buildings. Drainage of high-rise buildings is complex, and large changes in water pressure are easily formed in pipeline, which may damage indoor water-using equipment, make odorous gases in pipelines enter indoors, and destroy living environment. The research results can provide data reference for building drainage design, provide parameter basis for testing standards of drainage capacity of residential drainage system, and improve building drainage system in China.
Study on durability of ultra high performances concrete with aeolian sand
Authors: Wang Jurui , Ou Zhongwen , Liu Jinming , Xiong Zhiqing , Wang Jingwei , Wang Yueyang , Luo Wei , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Compared with ordinary concrete and high strength concrete, ultra-high performance concrete has more excellent mechanical properties and durability. It has great social and economic benefits to prepare ultra-high performance aeolian sand concrete using aeolian sand as aggregate. It is of great significance to study the durability of ultra-high performance aeolian sand concrete. The mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high performance concrete are analyzed and compared by optimizing mix ratio and optimizing mix ratio. The test results show that the compressive strength of ultra-high performance aeolian sand concrete loses obviously after 300 freeze-thaw cycles. However, the splitting tensile strength is not affected by the number of freeze-thaw cycles; the strength of ultra-high performance aeolian sand concrete is not affected by sulfate immersion; with the increase of the number of drywet cycle-sulfate erosion coupling cycles, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of ultra-high performance aeolian sand concrete decrease rapidly at first, then increase gradually, and then decrease rapidly.
Regional terrain complexity evaluation based on GIS and K-means clustering model: a case study of Ningdu County, China
Authors: Kang Wenjing , Huang Faming , Du Yaoxian , Liu Dalin , Cao Zhongshan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to accurately quantify the terrain complexity, a simple and accurate terrain complexity assessment (TCA) model is proposed. Taking Ningdu county in Jiangxi Province of China as an example, firstly, six terrain factors (named slope, topographic relief degree, surface cutting depth, surface roughness, elevation variation coefficient and topographic factors) of Ningdu county are extracted based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 30 m resolution and ARCGIS 10.2 software. Secondly, terrain complexity indexes of Ningdu County are obtained using k-means clustering. Results show that a current and effective spatial distribution characteristic of topographic complexity in Ningdu county is produced, and the very low and low terrain complexity indexes account for 33.28%, 28.35% respectively. The terrain complexity can be evaluated effectively by k-means clustering model. The terrain complexity can be provided for environmental protection and land use planning.
Dynamic mechanism of non-ferrous metal processing industry transfer in Qinghai province based on production function
Authors: Zou Di , Ma Shichang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Non-ferrous processing industry is related to all aspects of residents’ life and has a prominent industrial position in Qinghai Province. The driving force of industry transfer is closely related to the production function of enterprises. The OP method established by Olley and Pakes, the LP method established by Levinsohn and Petrin have guiding significance for the estimation of the production function of enterprises. In this paper, OP method and LP method are used to estimate the production function of the non-ferrous metal processing industry in Qinghai province based on the statistical data of industrial economy over the years, calculate the total factor productivity of the industry, and summarize the transfer power mechanism of the non-ferrous metal processing industry in Qinghai province.
Experimental analysis and parameter optimization of pdc bit for rock drilling trolley
Authors: Zhang Jinchun , Li Qing , Yi Wencui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The design parameters of PDC bits for rock drilling trolley have not been studied in depth and it is lack of theoretical research basis. So the service life of the bits for tunnel tunneling construction cannot meet the design and application requirements. Taking three-arm rock drilling trolley as the experimental platform, the key parameters of PDC bit crown profile shape, caster angle, cutting tooth size, tooth arrangement density, inner cone angle, outer swing angle and crown top shape for rock drilling trolley are designed by combining the optimum design method, empirical numerical value and experimental correction. The key parameters were optimized and improved through a set of manufactured bits, and a set of drills were manufactured again for the following experiment. The experimental data in second stage shows that the broken and drop defects of the improved bits are greatly reduced. The drilling depth is significantly increased, and the service life is also improved, which meets the requirements of design and operation.