bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtype‐selective inhibition of acid‐sensing ion channel 3 by a natural flavonoid
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Gang , Li Wei‐Guang , Qi Xin , Zhu Jia‐Jie , Huang Chen , Han Shao‐Ling , Jiang Qin , Xu Tian‐Le , Liu Jian‐Hua 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAimsAcid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are extracellular proton‐gated cation channels that have been implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes, and peripheral ASIC3 prominently participate into the pathogenesis of chronic pain, itch, and neuroinflammation, which necessitates the need for discovery and development of novel modulators in a subtype‐specific manner.MethodsWhole‐cell patch clamp recordings and behavioral assays were used to examine the effect of several natural compounds on the ASIC‐mediated currents and acid‐induced nocifensive behavior, respectively.ResultsWe identified a natural flavonoid compound, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG, compound 11), that acts as a potent inhibitor for the ASIC3 channel in an isoform‐specific way. The compound 11 inhibited ASIC3 currents with an apparent half maximal inhibitory concentration of 13.2 μmol/L when measured at pH 5.0. However, at the concentration up to 100 μmol/L, the compound 11 had no significant impacts on the homomeric ASIC1a, 1b, and 2a channels. In contrast to most of the known ASIC inhibitors that usually bear either basic or carboxylic groups, the compound 11 belongs to the polyphenolic family. In compound 11, both the chirality and the 3‐hydroxyl group of its pyrogallol part, in addition to the integrity of the gallate part, are crucial for the inhibitory efficacy. Finally, EGCG was found significantly to decrease the acid‐induced nocifensive behavior in mice.ConclusionTaken together, these results thus defined a novel backbone structure for small molecule drug design targeting ASIC3 channels to treat pain‐related diseases.
Non‐adjacent Dependencies Processing in Human and Non‐human Primates
Authors: Malassis Raphaëlle , Rey Arnaud , Fagot Joël 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman and non‐human primates share the ability to extract adjacent dependencies and, under certain conditions, non‐adjacent dependencies (i.e., predictive relationships between elements that are separated by one or several intervening elements in a sequence). In this study, we explore the online extraction dynamics of non‐adjacent dependencies in humans and baboons using a serial reaction time task. Participants had to produce three‐target sequences containing deterministic relationships between the first and last target locations. In Experiment 1, participants from the two species could extract these non‐adjacent dependencies, but humans required less exposure than baboons. In Experiment 2, the data show for the first time in a non‐human primate species the successful generalization of sequential non‐adjacent dependencies over novel intervening items. These findings provide new evidence to further constrain current theories about the nature and the evolutionary origins of the learning mechanisms allowing the extraction of non‐adjacent dependencies.
Prevalence of active Charcot disease in the East Midlands of England
Authors: Metcalf L. , Musgrove M. , Bentley J. , Berrington R. , Bunting D. , Mousley M , Thompson J. , Sprengel M. , Turtle‐Savage V. , Game F. , Jeffcoate W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsTo undertake a prospective point prevalence study of the prevalence of active Charcot neuro‐inflammatory osteoarthropathy (Charcot disease) in a circumscribed part of England and to audit the time elapsing between disease onset and first diagnosis.MethodsThe prevalence of active Charcot disease of the foot during a single month was assessed by specialist foot care teams at seven secondary care services in the East Midlands region of England.ResultsA total of 90 cases were identified, representing 4.3 per 10 000 of the 205 033 total diabetes population of the region. The time elapsed from first presentation to any healthcare professional until diagnosis was also assessed. While the diagnosis was suspected or confirmed in one‐third of patients within 2 weeks, it was not made for 2 months or more in 23 patients (24%).ConclusionsNon‐specialist professionals should have greater awareness of the existence of this uncommon complication of diabetes in the hope that earlier diagnosis will lead to lesser degrees of deformity.
Competitive Pressure Widens the Gender Gap in Performance: Evidence from a Two-stage Competition in Mathematics
Authors: Iriberri Nagore , Rey-Biel Pedro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn two-stage elimination math contests, participants from four different age groups compete to pass from stage 1 to stage 2 and later to be among the winners. Although female participants have higher maths grades at school the gender gap reverses in the two stages of the contests. More importantly, following the same individual participant across different stages, we find that the gender gap in performance increases from stage 1 to stage 2. The increase in female underperformance is attributed to higher competitive pressure and alternative explanations based on selection, discrimination and differences in reaction to increasing difficulty are ruled out.
Effect of mating on survival at low temperature in females of the Japanese common grass yellow, Eurema mandarina
Authors: Konagaya Tatsuro , Numata Hideharu 
Published: May 2018

1. In some insects that overwinter as adults, mating occurs both before and after overwintering. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the adaptive significance of pre‐overwintering copulation of females. One is the bet‐hedging hypothesis, which explains pre‐overwintering copulation as a preparation for less chance of mating in the following spring. The other is the nuptial gift hypothesis, which states that secretions derived from males increase overwintering success of females.2. In Eurema mandarina, both diapause autumn‐ and non‐diapause summer‐form male adults emerge with autumn‐form female adults in the last generation in a year. Most autumn‐form females mate with summer‐form males before winter, and re‐mate with autumn‐form males in the following spring. Because autumn‐form females have sufficient chances for mating after overwintering, the nuptial gift hypothesis has been regarded as the more probable hypothesis.3. To test the nuptial gift hypothesis, the survival period was compared under short‐day conditions at 10 °C between mated and unmated females that had been reared on sucrose solution at 25 °C for 15–21 days. The mated females had significantly greater longevity than the unmated females, supporting the nuptial gift hypothesis. Body size also affected the survival period.4. The results suggest that the nuptial gift is an important factor for the evolution of pre‐overwintering copulation in species in which females mate both before and after overwintering.
Genuine belief and genuine doubt in Peirce
Authors: Kasser Jeff 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPeirce makes it clear that doubt and belief oppose one another. But that slogan admits of a weaker and a stronger reading. The weaker reading permits and the stronger reading forbids one to be in a state of doubt and of belief with respect to the same proposition at the same time. The stronger claim is standardly attributed to Peirce, for textual and philosophical reasons. This paper maintains that this standard construal is excessively strong. It argues that the secondary literature tends to presuppose the strong reading and that it often does so by confusing sufficient conditions for belief with necessary ones. It acknowledges some textual evidence on behalf of the strong reading but maintains that, taken as a whole, the relevant passages are as friendly to the weak as to the strong interpretation of Peirce. The paper then links the doubt–belief theory of “The Fixation of Belief” to the papers on probability that occupy the bulk of the Illustrations of the Logic of Science. It shows that Peirce's discussion of probability, strength of belief, and weight of evidence makes room for confidence, but not belief, to be undermined and thus offers a more flexible version of Peirce's theory of inquiry.
Testing MacArthur's minimisation principle: do communities minimise energy wastage during succession?
Authors: Ghedini Giulia , Loreau Michel , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRobert MacArthur developed a theory of community assembly based on competition. By incorporating energy flow, MacArthur's theory allows for predictions of community function. A key prediction is that communities minimise energy wastage over time, but this minimisation is a trade‐off between two conflicting processes: exploiting food resources, and maintaining low metabolism and mortality. Despite its simplicity and elegance, MacArthur's principle has not been tested empirically despite having long fascinated theoreticians. We used a combination of field chronosequence experiments and laboratory assays to estimate how the energy wastage of a community changes during succession. We found that older successional stages wasted more energy in maintenance, but there was no clear pattern in how communities of different age exploited food resources. We identify several reasons for why MacArthur's original theory may need modification and new avenues to further explore community efficiency, an understudied component of ecosystem functioning.
The novel sodium channel modulator GS‐458967 (GS967) is an effective treatment in a mouse model of SCN8A encephalopathy
Authors: Baker Erin M. , Thompson Christopher H. , Hawkins Nicole A. , Wagnon Jacy L. , Wengert Eric R. , Patel Manoj K. , George Alfred L. , Meisler Miriam H. , Kearney Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveDe novo mutations of SCN8A, encoding the voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.6, have been associated with a severe infant onset epileptic encephalopathy. Individuals with SCN8A encephalopathy have a mean age of seizure onset of 4‐5 months, with multiple seizure types that are often refractory to treatment with available drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that high‐dose phenytoin is effective for some patients, but there are associated adverse effects and potential for toxicity. Functional characterization of several SCN8A encephalopathy variants has shown that elevated persistent sodium current is one of several common biophysical defects. Therefore, specifically targeting elevated persistent current may be a useful therapeutic strategy in some cases.MethodsThe novel sodium channel modulator GS967 has greater preference for persistent as opposed to peak current and nearly 10‐fold greater potency than phenytoin. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of GS967 in the Scn8aN1768D/+ mouse model carrying an SCN8A patient mutation that results in elevated persistent sodium current. We also performed patch clamp recordings to assess the effect of GS967 on peak and persistent sodium current and excitability in hippocampal neurons from Scn8aN1768D/+ mice.ResultsGS967 potently blocked persistent sodium current without affecting peak current, normalized action potential morphology, and attenuated excitability in neurons from heterozygous Scn8aN1768D/+ mice. Acute treatment with GS967 provided dose‐dependent protection against maximal electroshock–induced seizures in Scn8aN1768D/+ and wild‐type mice. Chronic treatment of Scn8aN1768D/+ mice with GS967 resulted in lower seizure burden and complete protection from seizure‐associated lethality observed in untreated Scn8aN1768D/+ mice. Protection was achieved at a chronic dose that did not cause overt behavioral toxicity or sedation.SignificancePersistent sodium current modulators like GS967 may be an effective precision targeting strategy for SCN8A encephalopathy and other functionally similar channelopathies when elevated persistent sodium current is the primary dysfunction.
Marital Conflict Behaviors and Parenting: Dyadic Links Over Time
Authors: Gao Mengyu (Miranda) , Du Han , Davies Patrick T. , Cummings E. Mark 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of marital conflict on parenting practices for mothers and fathers and to examine whether these effects differ for within‐person and cross‐person links in parental dyads.BackgroundExisting findings are mixed regarding the nature and magnitude of the association between marital conflict and childrearing behaviors. Little is known about parental role differences in this regard between fathers and mothers and the mutual influence on the other's responding.MethodA sample of 235 families (fathers, mothers, and their kindergarten children) participated in the study over a 2‐year period. Fathers and mothers independently reported on constructive and destructive marital conflict tactics, as well as on their parenting behaviors in scenarios of children experiencing negative emotions.ResultsResults indicated cross‐person and within‐person relations. For example, fathers' destructive conflict predicted mothers' distress reactions to children's negative emotions, supporting a spillover hypothesis. Mothers' destructive conflict behaviors predicted less unsupportive maternal parenting, supporting a compensatory hypothesis.ConclusionFathers' and mothers' marital conflict behaviors may have different implications for their own and their spouses' parenting.ImplicationsIntervention and prevention programs that target improving marital conflict interactions may also help promote positive parenting. The findings also support that both fathers and mothers should be included in these programs to increase the beneficial effects on parenting practices.
Do Parents' Educational Expectations in Adolescence Predict Adult Life Satisfaction?
Authors: Jung Eunjoo , Hwang Woosang , Zhang Yue , Zhang Ying 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the extent to which parents' educational expectations for adolescents are associated with children's life satisfaction in adulthood and whether that association is mediated by adolescents' individual characteristics.BackgroundLife satisfaction is acknowledged to be an important goal in a child's developmental path. However, less is known about the long‐term influence of parental expectations on adolescents' positive life outcomes and how functioning in adolescents aside from parental expectations is related to these long‐term associations.MethodUsing data from the 2 cohorts of high school students and their parents who participated in the Longitudinal Study of American Youth from 1991 to 2010 (N = 2,289), direct and indirect paths from parental expectations to adulthood life satisfaction were tested within the structural equation modeling framework.ResultsParents' higher educational expectations for adolescents were positively related to their children's life satisfaction 2 decades later via children's expectations, self‐esteem, and educational attainment. Parents' expectations were associated with higher self‐esteem in the adolescent years through adolescents' expectations, which ultimately predicted adolescents' life satisfaction as adults.ConclusionThe level of expectations parents have for their children are related to their adolescents' life satisfaction 2 decades later, perhaps because expectations are associated with adolescents' educational attainment and self‐esteem.ImplicationsFamily practitioners and educators are encouraged to educate adolescents' parents about the link between their educational expectations and long‐term educational attainment and life satisfaction for their children in adulthood.
Relationship between autoantibody associated with rheumatoid arthritis and tooth loss
Authors: Hayashi Yuko , Taylor George , Yoshihara Akihiro , Iwasaki Masanori , Gansky Stuart A. , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThis study evaluated the relationship between serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) levels and tooth loss in a community‐dwelling elderly Japanese women. It was hypothesised that women with high baseline RF levels would experience greater tooth loss over 10 years than age‐matched women with lower baseline serum RF levels.Materials and methodsThe study population consisted of 197 women aged 70 years with ≥12 teeth at baseline. One hundred and twenty‐four participants completed a 10‐year follow‐up and were divided into 2 groups according to their baseline serum RF levels as follows: RF negative (<15 U/mL; n = 114) and RF positive (>15 U/mL; n = 10). Negative binomial regression was used to investigate the relationship between baseline RFs and tooth lost over the 10‐year period. RF and its interaction with the baseline number of teeth were independent variables, with 9 other adjustment covariates.ResultsBaseline RFs were significantly associated with tooth loss (P = .035). In addition, a statistical interaction between baseline RFs and baseline number of teeth was identified (P = .023), modifying the association between RFs and tooth loss. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for RF‐positive participants with 21 baseline teeth was 1.88 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.76, 4.65). IRRs obtained for participants who had 25 baseline teeth (3.02; 95% CI: 1.03, 8.83) or 30 baseline teeth (5.47; 95% CI: 1.29, 23.13) suggested that RF‐positive participants with a high number of baseline teeth would exhibit greater tooth loss than RF‐negative participants.ConclusionHigh serum RF levels were associated with a greater IRR for future tooth loss in elderly Japanese women.
Effects of metal doping agent on the properties of Nb2−xMxO5 (M = Mn, Fe, and Ni) system
Authors: Raba Angela , Barba‐Ortega José , Joya Miryam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn order to improve the behavior Niobium pentoxide on oxidation‐reductionreactions to degrade organic compounds in aqueous solutions, we developed the synthesis of Niobium pentoxide with the metal doping agents: manganese,iron, and nickel (Nb2−xMxO5), respectively, and analyzing its effects on the structural and vibrational properties. The synthesis of the Nb2−xMxO5 (M = Mn, Fe, and Ni; x = 0.02 and 0.05) was performed according the Pechini method, but before the annealing, the samples were submitted to Thermogravimetric analysis study showing better pre‐calcination annealing temperatures at 500 and 700°C for the materials. Then, we performed the crystal structural analysis by X‐ray Diffraction, obtaining crystallite sizes between 15 and 47 nm, the accurate size analysis was calculated by Scherrer equation. Structural analysis was also performed by IR spectroscopy to evaluate the vibrational modes of synthetized samples. The dopping effects were evaluated by UV‐Vis spectrophotometry through the energy band gap values, showing that doped samples with manganese and iron had lower values than undoped, except the sample doped with nickel. However, samples doped with iron at 2.5% showed better photocatalytic performance.
Greening up because of god: The relations among religion, sustainable consumption and subjective well‐being
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A. , Jeffrey Xie Hu , Gurel‐Atay Eda , Kahle Lynn R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough prior research has explored religion, sustainable consumption, and subjective well‐being as isolated constructs, research has yet to explore the relations among these constructs. With religion as an enduring, wide‐reaching consumer value system, this research investigates how religious values inform attitudes toward and behaviors associated with sustainable consumption as well as resulting perceptions of subjective well‐being. Results from a survey conducted using a representative online panel revealed that religiosity has a positive influence on sustainable consumption practices, as well as showed that such sustainability positively influences consumer subjective well‐being.
Newborn adipokines and early childhood growth
Authors: Yeung E. H. , Sundaram R. , Xie Y. , Lawrence D. A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundWhile adipokines can regulate satiety and energy metabolism, whether they are associated with childhood growth is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether adipokine levels at birth are associated with growth.MethodsA total of 2264 singletons and 1144 twins from Upstate KIDS (born 2008–2010) had adiponectin, leptin, resistin and complement factor D measured in newborn blood spots. Parents reported anthropometry from paediatric visits via questionnaires every 4–6 months. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to estimate growth trajectories through 3 years of age.ResultsAmong singletons, resistin and leptin were associated with greater weight‐for‐age (0.12 z‐score units (95%CI: 0.04, 0.20) [p = 0.003] and 0.15 (0.06, 0.24) [p = 0.001], respectively) and BMI z‐score (0.11; 0.02, 0.20 [p = 0.02] and 0.18; 0.07, 0.28 [p = 0.002], respectively). After adjusting for birthweight, resistin and a ratio of resistin‐to‐adiponectin remained associated with weight through 3 years of age and odds of being overweight at 3 years of age in a subgroup of singletons. Among twins, adiponectin was associated with increased weight‐for‐age and length‐for‐age z‐scores even after adjusting for birthweight (0.18; 0.08, 0.28 [p = 0.0006]; 0.20; 0.07, 0.33 [p = 0.003], respectively).ConclusionsLevels of adipokines were associated with early childhood growth in small magnitudes. Resistin may be relevant for further examination in paediatric obesity.
Dy and Eu activated Ca3B2O6 phosphors for near ultraviolet‐based light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Shi Meiling , Zhu Chaofeng , Lu Meng , Meng Xiangeng , Wei Mingzhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Dy‐ and Eu‐activated Ca3B2O6 phosphors were synthesized by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction technique and their structural and luminescent properties were investigated. The phosphors are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra, and Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates. It is found that the charge compensator Na+ plays an important role in modifying the emission spectral profiles of Dy and Eu ions in the phosphors. The ratio of the emission located at the yellow wavelength portion to that located at the blue wavelength region of the Dy3+ ions can be apparently tuned by changing the Na+ content. The luminescence intensity of the phosphors can be enhanced with introducing Na+ ions as well. The emission colors of Dy/Eu codoped phosphors change from blue to white and successfully acquire the superior white light emission (x = 0.330, y = 0.329) by appropriately tuning the Na+/Dy3+ content and the excitation wavelength. The energy transfer process from Eu2+ to Dy3+ and Eu3+ occurs in the Dy/Eu codoped phosphors, providing a further approach to modify the emission spectral profile of the examined phosphors. The phosphors presented here have promising applications in the fields of light‐emitting diodes.