bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the quality, effectiveness and attributes of top-rated smartphone health apps
Authors: Wisniewski Hannah , Liu Gang , Henson Philip , Vaidyam Aditya , Hajratalli Narissa Karima , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Torous John 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the attributes of popular apps for mental health and comorbid medical conditions, and how these qualities relate to consumer ratings, app quality and classification by the WHO health app classification framework.MethodsWe selected the 10 apps from the Apple iTunes store and the US Android Google Play store on 20 July 2018 from six disease states: depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, addiction, diabetes and hypertension. Each app was downloaded by two authors who provided information on the apps’ attributes, functionality, interventions, popularity, scientific backing and WHO app classification rating.ResultsA total of 120 apps were examined. Although none of these apps had Food and Drug Administration marketing approval, nearly 50% made claims that appeared medical. Most apps offered a similar type of services with 87.5% assigned WHO classification 1.4.2 ‘self-monitoring of health or diagnostic data by a client’ or 1.6.1 ‘client look-up of health information’. The ‘last updated’ attribute was highly correlated with a quality rating of the app although no apps features (eg, uses Global Positioning System, reminders and so on) were.ConclusionDue to the heterogeneity of the apps, we were unable to define a core set of features that would accurately assess app quality. The number of apps making unsupported claims combined with the number of apps offering questionable content warrants a cautious approach by both patients and clinicians in selecting safe and effective ones.Clinical Implications‘Days since last updated’ offers a useful and easy clinical screening test for health apps, regardless of the condition being examined.
Reliability of triage systems for paediatric emergency care: a systematic review
Authors: Magalhães-Barbosa Maria Clara , Robaina Jaqueline Rodrigues , Prata-Barbosa Arnaldo , Lopes Claudia de Souza 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo present a systematic review on the reliability of triage systems for paediatric emergency care.MethodsA search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Nursing Database Index and Spanish Health Sciences Bibliographic Index for articles in English, French, Portuguese or Spanish was conducted to identify reliability studies of five-level triage systems for patients aged 0–18 years published up to April 2018. Two reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and quality assessment as recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement.ResultsTwenty studies on nine triage systems were selected: the National Triage System (n=1); the Australasian Triage Scale (n=3); the paediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (PedCTAS) (n=5); the Manchester Triage System (MTS) (n=1); the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) (n=5); an adaptation of the South African Triage Scale for the Princess Marina Hospital in Botswana (n=1); the Soterion Rapid Triage System (n=1); the Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System-paediatric version (n=2); the Paediatric Risk Classification Protocol (n=1). Ten studies were performed with actual patients, while the others used hypothetical scenarios. The studies were rated low (n=14) or moderate (n=6) quality. Kappa was the most used statistic, although many studies did not specify the weighting. PedCTAS, MTS and ESI V.4 exhibited substantial to almost perfect agreement in moderate quality studies.ConclusionsThere is some evidence on the reliability of the PedCTAS, MTS and ESI V.4, but most studies are limited to the countries where they were developed. Efforts are needed to improve the quality of the studies, and cross-cultural adaptation of those tools is recommended in countries with different professional qualification and sociocultural contexts.
UK survey of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMURx) as a valuable source of general population illicit drug use data
Authors: Ng Fu Liang , Rockhill Karilynn , Black Joshua , May Kevin Patrick , Whittington Melanie D , Wood David M , Dargan Paul I , Green Jody L 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurpose of studyThe aim of the study is to describe the prevalence of illicit drug use in England and Wales using data from the UK Survey of Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs (NMURx) programme and to compare against the well-established Crime Survey England and Wales (CSEW). The rationale is that recreational and illicit drug use is common, but the prevalence is difficult to estimate with personal interviewing methods.Study designWe compared two cross-sectional population surveys (NMURx, n=8903 and CSEW, n=20 685) with data regarding self-reported recreational drug use and demographics. NMURx is an online survey using non-probability sampling methodology with preset demographical quotas based on census data. CSEW surveys drug use via computer-assisted self-interviewing as part of a computer-assisted personal-interviewing crime survey.ResultsCannabis was the most frequently used drug regardless of demographics. Prevalence of drug use for specific substances was generally higher for males, younger ages and students. The relationship between income and drug misuse is less clear. Self-reported prevalence of drug use in the NMURx survey is consistently higher than CSEW (absolute difference 1%–3 % across substances and timescales) and persists after stratification for gender, age, student status and household income.ConclusionsThe NMURx survey has a broad reach of participants, and a sampling scheme that achieves external validity, compared with general population demographics. NMURx’s online format allows flexibility in items surveyed and in response to emerging trends. The self-reported drug use in the NMURx cohort is comparable, although slightly higher, than the CSEW estimates.
Open science precision medicine in Canada: Points to consider
Authors: Granados Moreno Palmira , Ali-Khan Sarah E. , Capps Benjamin , Caulfield Timothy , Chalaud Damien , Edwards Aled , Gold E. Richard , Rahimzadeh Vasiliki , Thorogood Adrian , Auld Daniel , Bertier Gabrielle , Breden Felix , Caron Roxanne , César Priscilla M.D.G. , Cook-Deegan Robert , Doerr Megan , Duncan Ross , Issa Amalia M. , Reichman Jerome , Simard Jacques , So Derek , Vanamala Sandeep , Joly Yann 
Published: January 2019

Open science can significantly influence the development and translational process of precision medicine in Canada. Precision medicine presents a unique opportunity to improve disease prevention and healthcare, as well as to reduce health-related expenditures. However, the development of precision medicine also brings about economic challenges, such as costly development, high failure rates, and reduced market size in comparison with the traditional blockbuster drug development model. Open science, characterized by principles of open data sharing, fast dissemination of knowledge, cumulative research, and cooperation, presents a unique opportunity to address these economic challenges while also promoting the public good.The Centre of Genomics and Policy at McGill University organized a stakeholders’ workshop in Montreal in March 2018. The workshop entitled “Could Open be the Yellow Brick Road to Precision Medicine?” provided a forum for stakeholders to share experiences and identify common objectives, challenges, and needs to be addressed to promote open science initiatives in precision medicine. The rich presentations and exchanges that took place during the meeting resulted in this consensus paper containing key considerations for open science precision medicine in Canada. Stakeholders would benefit from addressing these considerations as to promote a more coherent and dynamic open science ecosystem for precision medicine.
Effects of Cu, Zn, W and Mo on the compression properties of in-situ nano-Ti5Si3/TiAl composite
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Ji Peijie , Zhan Chenghua , Jin Yunxue , Shu Shili 
Published: January 2019

The low ductility and insufficient strength of the TiAl alloy are still two major obstacles for its applications. It was demonstrated that Ti5Si3 could improve the ductility of TiAl alloy, while it can’t obviously improve the strength. In order to further improve the strength of Ti5Si3/TiAl composite to obtain TiAl materials with excellent strength and ductility, the effects of alloying elements (Cu, Zn, W and Mo) on the compression strength of the in-situ nano-Ti5Si3/TiAl composite were investigated in this work. With the addition of 2 at.% Me (Me [Formula: see text] Cu, Zn and W, respectively), the compression true yield strength ([Formula: see text]) of the composite increases from 613 MPa to 840, 660 and 706 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the addition of Zn results in the increase of the [Formula: see text] with no obvious sacrifice of ductility. Finally, the 4 vol.% nano-Ti5Si3/TiAl-2Zn composite obtained the best comprehensive properties. Compared with the TiAl alloy, the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of the Ti5Si3/TiAl-2Zn composite increases by 195, 140 MPa and 2.6%, respectively.
SAMPLING OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBABILITY MEASURES IN THE CONVEX ORDER AND COMPUTATION OF ROBUST OPTION PRICE BOUNDS
Authors: ALFONSI AURÉLIEN , CORBETTA JACOPO , JOURDAIN BENJAMIN 
Published: January 2019

For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] two probability measures on the real line such that [Formula: see text] is smaller than [Formula: see text] in the convex order, this property is in general not preserved at the level of the empirical measures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]) are independent and identically distributed according to [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]). We investigate modifications of [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]) smaller than [Formula: see text] (resp., greater than [Formula: see text]) in the convex order and weakly converging to [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]) as [Formula: see text]. According to Kertz & Rösler(1992) , the set of probability measures on the real line with a finite first order moment is a complete lattice for the increasing and the decreasing convex orders. For [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in this set, this enables us to define a probability measure [Formula: see text] (resp., [Formula: see text]) greater than [Formula: see text] (resp., smaller than [Formula: see text]) in the convex order. We give efficient algorithms permitting to compute [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (and therefore [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have finite supports. Last, we illustrate by numerical experiments the resulting sampling methods that preserve the convex order and their application to approximate martingale optimal transport problems and in particular to calculate robust option price bounds.
Mapping Physical Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Delivery
Authors: Nia Hadi T. , Munn Lance L. , Jain Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The physical microenvironment of pancreatic tumors is highly abnormal, and this causes significant challenges for drug delivery through multiple mechanisms. Measurements of tissue elasticity could be used as a physical biomarker to assess aberrant drug delivery, and potentially guide stroma-targeting treatment strategies and patient stratification.
See related article by Wang et al., p. 2136
Beyond “Treatment Versus Control”: How Bayesian Analysis Makes Factorial Experiments Feasible in Education Research
Authors: Kassler Daniel , Nichols-Barrer Ira , Finucane Mariel 
Published: January 2019

Background: Researchers often wish to test a large set of related interventions or approaches to implementation. A factorial experiment accomplishes this by examining not only basic treatment–control comparisons but also the effects of multiple implementation “factors” such as different dosages or implementation strategies and the interactions between these factor levels. However, traditional methods of statistical inference may require prohibitively large sample sizes to perform complex factorial experiments. Objectives: We present a Bayesian approach to factorial design. Through the use of hierarchical priors and partial pooling, we show how Bayesian analysis substantially increases the precision of estimates in complex experiments with many factors and factor levels, while controlling the risk of false positives from multiple comparisons. Research design: Using an experiment we performed for the U.S. Department of Education as a motivating example, we perform power calculations for both classical and Bayesian methods. We repeatedly simulate factorial experiments with a variety of sample sizes and numbers of treatment arms to estimate the minimum detectable effect (MDE) for each combination. Results: The Bayesian approach yields substantially lower MDEs when compared with classical methods for complex factorial experiments. For example, to test 72 treatment arms (five factors with two or three levels each), a classical experiment requires nearly twice the sample size as a Bayesian experiment to obtain a given MDE. Conclusions: Bayesian methods are a valuable tool for researchers interested in studying complex interventions. They make factorial experiments with many treatment arms vastly more feasible.
Assessing quality of care for the dying from the bereaved relatives’ perspective: Using pre-testing survey methods across seven countries to develop an international outcome measure
Authors: Mayland Catriona Rachel , Gerlach Christina , Sigurdardottir Katrin , Hansen Marit Irene Tuen , Leppert Wojciech , Stachowiak Andrzej , Krajewska Maria , Garcia-Yanneo Eduardo , Tripodoro Vilma Adriana , Goldraij Gabriel , Weber Martin , Zambon Lair , Passarini Juliana Nalin , Saad Ivete Bredda , Ellershaw John , Haugen Dagny Faksvåg 
Published: January 2019

Background: The provision of care for dying cancer patients varies on a global basis. In order to improve care, we need to be able to evaluate the current level of care. One method of assessment is to use the views from the bereaved relatives. Aim: The aim of this study is to translate and pre-test the ‘Care Of the Dying Evaluation’ (CODETM) questionnaire across seven participating countries prior to conducting an evaluation of current quality of care. Design: The three stages were as follows: (1) translation of CODE in keeping with standardised international principles; (2) pre-testing using patient and public involvement and cognitive interviews with bereaved relatives; and (3) utilising a modified nominal group technique to establish a common, core international version of CODE. Setting/participants: Hospital settings: for each country, at least five patient and public involvement representatives, selected by purposive sampling, fed back on CODETM questionnaire; and at least five bereaved relatives to cancer patients undertook cognitive interviews. Feedback was collated and categorised into themes relating to clarity, recall, sensitivity and response options. Structured consensus meeting held to determine content of international CODE (i-CODE) questionnaire. Results: In total, 48 patient and public involvement representatives and 35 bereaved relatives contributed to the pre-testing stages. No specific question item was recommended for exclusion from CODETM. Revisions to the demographic section were needed to be culturally appropriate. Conclusion: Patient and public involvement and bereaved relatives’ perceptions helped enhance the face and content validity of i-CODE. A common, core international questionnaire is now developed with key questions relating to quality of care for the dying.
Improved characterization of cerebral infarction using combined tissue T2 and high b-value diffusion MRI in post-thrombectomy patients: a feasibility study
Authors: Karunamuni Roshan A , White Nathan S , Fromm Annette , Moen Gunnar , Renate Grüner Eli , Dale Anders M , Oltedal Leif 
Published: January 2019

Background The utility of incorporating both diffusion information and T2 relaxation times in the imaging work-up of stroke patients is being investigated in a number of clinical trials and scientific studies. However, these tissue characteristics are often determined both qualitatively and independent of each other. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of varying T2- (multi echo time [TE]) and diffusion- (multi b-value) weighting within a single series to detect differences in infarcted tissue in post-thrombectomy patients. Material and Methods An experimental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion series consisting of multiple b-values (0, 500, 1000, and 4000 s/mm2) and multiple TEs (85, 103, and 120 ms) was implemented. In order to model the signal intensity, an extension of the bi-exponential model to include unique T2 values for each component was formulated. As proof of concept, four stroke patients were imaged the day after thrombectomy. Non-linear optimization tools were used to estimate model parameters in manually drawn regions of interest. Results Simulations of signal intensity demonstrated that clinically standard ADC maps acquired solely using b = 1000 s/mm2 data may ignore changes in underlying tissue compartment properties. Analysis of normal-appearing and infarcted tissue in stroke patients demonstrated shifts in T2 relaxation times in both the slow (158 ms [95% confidence interval = 79–236 ms] to 214 ms [86–342 ms]) and fast (82 ms [71–92 ms] to 171 ms [40–303 ms]) diffusion components. Conclusions Although results are shown in only a few patients, multi-b-value, multi-echo parameters could provide clinicians and researchers with a more complete understanding of the effective T2 properties of infarcted tissue.
Delamination Does Not Affect Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair as Compared With Nondelaminated Rotator Cuff Tears: A Study of 1043 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Kwon Jieun , Lee Ye Hyun , Kim Sae Hoon , Ko Jung Hoon , Park Byung Kyu , Oh Joo Han 
Published: January 2019

Background: Limited information is available regarding the characteristics of delaminated rotator cuff tears as compared with nondelaminated tears. Furthermore, there is conflicting information regarding the effects of delamination on the anatomic healing of repaired cuffs. Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and anatomic outcomes of delaminated rotator cuff tears in comparison with nondelaminated tears to determine whether delamination is a negative prognostic factor affecting rotator cuff repair outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between 2010 and 2014, 1043 patients were enrolled in the study to assess the prevalence of delamination. Among them, the findings from 531 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic arthrography at least 1 year after surgery were included to determine whether delamination was a negative prognostic factor affecting the anatomic outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Delamination was assessed intraoperatively and defined by distinguishable edge cleavage tearing or interstitial horizontal gap between the articular and bursal surfaces of the torn tendon. One of 3 repair techniques (modified Mason Allen, single row, or double row) was used according to tear configuration and tendon mobilization. The authors evaluated visual analog scale scores for pain and satisfaction and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores to quantify clinical outcomes. Results: The incidence of delamination was 42.9% (447 of 1043). As compared with those with nondelaminated tears, patients with delaminated tears were older ( P < .001) and had longer symptom duration ( P = .019), larger tear sizes and retractions ( P < .001 for both), higher grades of fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff muscles (all P < .001), and poorer tendon quality ( P < .001). The overall healing failure rate was 19.0% (101 of 531). In univariate analysis, the rate of healing failure for the repaired cuffs was significantly higher in the delaminated group (delaminated tears, 60 of 238, 25.2%; nondelaminated tears, 41 of 293, 14.0%; P = .001). However, results of subgroup and multivariate analyses showed that the presence of delamination was ultimately not an independent risk factor for the failure of cuff healing. Between the delaminated and nondelaminated groups, there was no significant difference in postoperative functional outcomes. Conclusion: The results suggest that delaminated rotator cuff tears might represent chronic degenerative tears of longer symptom duration, with larger tear sizes and higher grades of fatty infiltration in older patients. It appears that delamination could be a confounding factor, not an independent prognostic factor, affecting rotator cuff healing.
Evaluating the Use of Phenobarbital for the Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Waldee Erin , Phan Stephanie V. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives To describe the potential role of phenobarbital as appropriate therapy in the treatment and prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) among medically cleared psychiatric inpatients. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study of adult patients admitted to the psychiatric unit and administered phenobarbital for the treatment or prevention of AWS. Changes in vital signs and signs and symptoms of AWS were observed to assess the safety and efficacy of phenobarbital. The primary outcome was safety of phenobarbital for AWS as measured by change in the respiratory rate (RR). Results A total of 122 patients were included in the study. There were no significant changes in RR among patients who received phenobarbital for AWS. Significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate were observed. Of patients with documented signs and symptoms of AWS upon admission, 94% had improvement in the signs and symptoms during phenobarbital therapy. Approximately 12% of patients had documented sedation or altered mental status during phenobarbital therapy. No patients required transfer to a medical or critical care unit. Conclusions Phenobarbital was safe, not leading to severe adverse effects or requiring a higher level of care, and efficacious for the prevention and treatment of AWS in this cohort of psychiatric inpatients.
Production of Metal Fiber by Coiled Sheet Slicing Method and Its Composite Materials
Authors: Yanagisawa A , Kaneko M , Nakagawa T 
Published: January 2019

A new manufacturing process of long-length metal fiber which can be applied to the composite materials has been developed. In this new process, the metal fiber is produced out of coiled thin metallic sheet by a new slicing method. In the manufacturing trial, each specific cutting conditions for fiber production from brass and either copper or stainless steel has been confirmed. This method has high productivity and applicability for many kind of materials. Then, the metal fiber obtained this method can be used for various fields of composite materials1). As one of the important characteristics of this method, it is capable that a uniformly mixed different material fibers can be easily produced with different material sheets such as metal, plastics and paper and so on, which are wound layer by layer. Using a uniformly mixed fiber of plastics and metals, the plastic pellet and sheet including metal fiber has been produced. Further, the electric conductive composite materials has been developed utilizing the plastic pellets and sheets.