bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of adsorption of methane, ethane, hydrogen sulfide and water from natural gas in (FP)YEu Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Al-Jadir Thaer M. , Siperstein Flor R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are novel type of hybrid porous materials that have been proposed for natural gas separation and purification due to the possibility of tailoring their capabilities by changing the organic linkers, tuning the length of the organic linker and changing or mixing the metal ion. Molecular simulation helps to understand experimental results by providing a detailed picture on the molecular scale that is not easily accessible from experimental and can be used to study the applicability of classical force fields.
In this work, FPYEu MOF [1] [2] was carefully chosen as an example of a model MOF for studying applicability of force fields, cutoff radius besides the effect of different distributions of metal ions in FPYEu MOF on adsorption of CH4, C2H6, H2S as well as H2O.
Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were used to perform gases adsorption on FPYEu MOF cells containing different distributions of Yttrium and Europium. All simulations in this work have been carried out using Towhee code [3].
The applicability of different force fields available in the literature was tested and some of them were applicable like H2S, where good agreement was found with experimental results, while others were not applicable, like CH4, C2H6 and H2O, where the calculated isotherms “over or under” estimated the experimental ones. In addition, eight different configurations having Eu atoms arbitrarily located in the system were explored to evaluate the sensitivity of distribution of metal ions.
Calculating heterogeneity of Majnoon Field/Hartha Reservoir using Lorenz Coefficient method
Authors: Al-Joumaa J H , Al-Jawad M S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of the principle concepts to understand any hydrocarbon field is the heterogeneity scale; This becomes particularly challenging in supergiant oil fields with medium to low lateral connectivity and carbonate reservoir rocks.
The main objectives of this study is to quantify the value of the heterogeneity for any well in question, and propagate it to the full reservoir. This is a quite useful specifically prior to conducting detailed water flooding or full field development studies and work, in order to be prepared for a proper design and exploitation requirements that fit with the level of heterogeneity of this formation.
The main tool used for these purposes is the application of the famous Lorenz coefficient method for calculating the degree of heterogeneity for any well. The starting point for this kind of complicated studies needs to start from the basics, in order to understand the big picture and be able to plan properly for the scope to be delivered, hence, utilizing analytical tools like the ones mentioned above becomes quite necessary, if not crucial, to the success of full field modelling and choosing an optimum water flood pattern and design.
This paper covers the methodology for quantifying and calculating the level of heterogeneity in a given reservoir (Majnoon Field/Hartha Reservoir) using three out of four original wells of this reservoir, and how this value impacts and directly feeds into planning for water flooding projects and selection of an optimum flood pattern.
This methodology has been tested successfully in the stated super giant oil field, in which the reservoir in question is a carbonate rock formation. It is important to note that the chosen reservoir is giant areally with moderate thickness. An example of this is covered in the paper. It was concluded that utilizing a heterogeneity calculation method before conducting a detailed reservoir simulation study can save a lot of time and effort by providing guidance to the path which needs to be followed, and sheds light on the critical elements to be looked after. This has also helped to uncover many insights on the reservoir itself, hence allowing the engineer to plan for the necessary voidage replacement and water injection rates to sustain the reservoir pressure and pattern development.
The suggested method, in combination with geological and petro physical information available, can be applied to majority of the reservoirs. This combination is paramount to ensure optimum time and planning is followed for each reservoir development study that involves water flooding.
Enhanced Recovery of Heavy Oil Using A Catalytic Process
Authors: Hasan M M , Rigby S P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Oil is a major source of energy around the world. With the decline of light conventional oil, more attention is being paid to heavy oil and bitumen, as a good alternative to light oil for energy supplies. Heavy crude oils have a tendency to have a higher concentration of metals and several other elements such as sulfur and nitrogen, and extraction of these heavy oils requires more effort and cost. Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) is a novel process of enhanced heavy oil and bitumen recovery and upgrading. In this technique, horizontal well concepts are integrated with the reactions of high temperature oxidation to achieve a potentially high recovery ratio. Since the process works through a short distance displacement technique, the produced oil flows easily toward the horizontal producer well. This direct mobilized oil production and short distance are the major features of this method which lead to robust operational stability and high oil recovery. This technique gives the possibility of a higher recovery percentage and lowers environmental effects compared to other technologies like steam based techniques. A novel well design consisting of two horizontal injectors and two horizontal producers was used in different well configurations, to investigate the potential for improved efficiency of the THAI process on the heavy oil recovery. A 3D dimensional model, employing the CMG-STARS simulator, was applied for this process. Two horizontal injectors and producers were utilised in this project, instead of the conventional horizontal injector and producer used in the Greaves model (the base case model), to investigate the effect of the extra injector and producer on the performance of the THAI process. It was found that the locations of the well injections and the well productions significantly affected the oil production. It was found that the amount of the produced oil rose up to about double of the amount of the oil produced by the original model. For the study of the effectiveness of the catalysts in the oil upgrading process, the CAPRI technique has been simulated to investigate the effect of several parameters, such as catalyst packing porosity, the thickness of the catalyst layer and hydrogen to air ratio, on the performance of the CAPRI process. The TC3 model used by Rabiu Ado [1], which was the same model utilised in the experimental study of Greaves et al. [2], was also employed in this study. The silica-alumina catalyst characterised by Hasan [3] was placed around the horizontal producer in this simulation.
Identifying hydrocarbon and shaly zones of Mishrif Formation in Nasiriya Oil Field by using well logs
Authors: Hameed Ameer T. , Aldabaj AbdulAali A. , Ramadhan Ahmad A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Well logging is the process of recording physical, chemical, electrical and other properties of rock/fluid mixture penetrated by drilling a borehole into the earth crust. Many of these logs are electrical in measurements. Hydrocarbon may exist in a porous and clean formation. That is, gamma ray and spontaneous potential can identify shaly/clean zones while neutron, density, sonic logs or even NMR logs may be used for porosity estimation. Resistivity logging is used to differentiate between formation filled with salty water (low resistivity) and with those filled with hydrocarbons (high resistivity). Mishrif Formation in Nasiriya Oil Field was chosen as a case study. The Nasiriya oil field structure is an anticline with NW- SE trend. Mishrif Formation is the Majer middle cretaceous carbonate in the stratigraphic column of southern Iraq. The result of well logs interpretation for the first five wells showed that a shaly unit separate upper Mishrif (MA) from the lower one (MB). Also, both units MB1 and MB21 are considered the movable hydrocarbon zones. The CPI data reflect that in which good values of porosity of about 0.18 in unit MB1 and 0.2 in unit MB21, besides low values of water saturation 0.28, 0.45 in units MB1& Mb21, respectively.
Improving the Properties of Acrylic by Creating Crack Using Laser Beam
Authors: Hwayyin R N , Hammood A S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The study investigates the improvement of the mechanical properties of the acrylic layer by creating a crack according to polynomial’s function by using the CO2- laser and without additives. The cracks were created by the laser at different powers and different speeds. The shape of the cracks was created according to six degree polynomial’s function by using CNC-laser machine. The study focused on the effects of creating an edge on both sides of the crack generated from the laser heat helping to change the microstructure on it to resist the failure crack growth. The study adopts a laser beam path according to equation g(x) to show the effect of the shape of the laser beam on improving the properties of the acrylic specimens. The experimental results have shown the effect of laser beam speed and laser beam power on the stress-strain. The experimental results shown increasing in the stress with average rate (12.25%) due to increasing laser beam power at (40, 50 and 60). The experimental results of specimens type (O and A4) shown improving in the stress at average rate (12.87%) and copmaring the experimental results of specimens type ( O, A5 and A6) has revealed an incresing in the tensile stress with average rate (14.088%).
Response of Soft Soil Mixing with Recycled Gypsum (Plasterboard) as Stabilized Agent for Soil underneath oil tank as a case study
Authors: Al-Adili A , Salim N M , Al-Soudany K. Y. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Soil stability plays a vital rule in projects’ infrastructure such as embankment, retaining walls dams and highway. Structure built on soft soil may experience uncontrollable settlement and critical bearing capacity. This may not meet the design requirements for the geotechnical engineers. Soil stabilization is a process to change such undesirable properties in order to meet the requirements. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the use of recycled gypsum, which is derived from gypsum waste plasterboard, as a stabilized agent for soft clay. Twenty eight experimental tests have been conducted to improve a soil brought from a site in Basra (Garma Ali/south of Iraq) using four different recycled gypsum percentage varying from 0 to 15%. The properties which have been studied are grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, unconfined compressive strength, and compressibility. The results indicate that as the gypsum contents increase, the liquid limit decreases up to gypsum content of 3% and then increases. The plastic limit has been decrease up to 7 % of the gypsum content and then increases. Furthermore, the maximum dry density decreases while the optimum moisture content is increased as the percentage of gypsum content has increased. The compression index (Cc
) has increased as the gypsum content increases while the swelling index has increased up to 5% then it has decreased. The unconfined compressive strength has increased by adding recycled gypsum up to 5% while it is reduced as the percentages of gypsum has increased beyond 5%. Adding 5% of recycled gypsum raise the bearing capacity to approximately 167% compared with the bearing capacity of untreated one.
Linear and Non-Linear Stress Analysis for the Prediction of Fracture Toughness for Brittle and Ductile Material using ASTM E399 and ASTM E1290 By ANSYS Program package
Authors: Nassar A A , Fayyad E G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Prediction of fracture toughness value of most the metallic materials is a very important issue to be consider in designing of engineering structural components like pipes, flow tanks and pressure vessel where it can be used in the evaluation of critical crack length that is consider very important factor in non-destructive testing because during inspections of these components, the critical crack length is being compared with the minimum allowable flow size. Fracture toughness value can be predicted by using two different types of experimental tests such as ASTM-E399 (which is used to predict fracture toughness under plane strain condition for brittle materials which undergo to small plastic deformation) and ASTM-E1290 (which is used to predict fracture toughness for ductile materials which undergo to large plastic deformation). These experimental tests utilize specimens such as compact tension specimen CT and three-point bend specimen SENB which must be pre-cracked. However, manufacturing of pre-cracked in metallic structural components before testing is expensive and time-consuming process, thus in the current study, fracture toughness will be predicted by using economized method in both time and cost that is the finite elements method by using ANSYS PROGRAM Where, a three-dimensional model has been designed by using two different types of elements (plane-82) and (solid-95).Firstly, two-dimensional model mesh will be idealized by using element type (plane-82) due to ANSYSY PROGRAM can pick–up singularity for two dimensional model only, but in order to obtain more accurate results, a three dimensional model will be designed by utilizing Sweep Model with restriction with ANSYSY abilities in the treatment of fracture mechanics problems for three dimensional model analysis where the element length must be ranging from 1to4 in all directions. In elastic region, the fracture toughness is been predicted directly from ANSAYS PROGRAM using the specification in ASTM-E-399 for compact tension specimen for practical design problems. But in elastic-plastic region, the fracture toughness is been predicted by using the crack tip opening displacement model (CTOD-Model) using the specification in ASTM-E-1290 for three-point bend specimen for practical design problem. The critical value for crack tip opening displacement will be calculated after extracting load-displacement data from ANSAYS PROGRAM then using these data in (CTOD-Model) which is separated into two components, elastic and plastic, the elastic component has been estimated using Dug Dual-Model, while the plastic component will be estimated using Plastic Hinge-Model. However, the fracture toughness value that has been predicted by finite element method from non –linear elastic analyses and from non –linear elastic-plastic analyses gives excellent results which are very close to the experimental results with error ratio ranging between (10% to 14%).
Optimization of Liquid Rocket propulsion system for Reusable Orbital Transfer Vehicle
Authors: Borovik I , Borovikov D , Protopopov A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the investigation of possible ways to increase the efficiency of reusable orbital transfer vehicle (R-OTV) by using a multi-criteria optimization procedure of liquid rocket propulsion system (LRPS) design parameters. The “Federation” spacecraft is considered as an example payload of R-OTV for orbital transfer mathematical modeling, due to its known initial mass of 16,500 kg and other design parameters. Payload mass and specific cost of payload transfer are chosen as optimality criteria.
Multiple tasks are solved during the work: mathematical model and corresponding software for determining the optimal design parameters of R-OTV LRPS by mass and cost criteria are developed, R-OTV and LRPS calculation and optimization are conducted, the technical appearance of LRPS is designed.
Mathematical modeling is used to solve the presented problem. A developed mathematical model has a modular structure, in particular, it has modules for liquid rocket engine (LRE) mass calculating, OTV (Orbital Transfer Vehicle) mass calculating module, payload mass, design cost and manufacturing cost calculating modules for LRE and OTV and module for calculating the specific cost of payload transfer to target orbit. The intermediate result is used by LRPS project parameters design optimization module, then by technical appearance design module and LRPS units design module.
Multiple calculations are conducted with a developed mathematical model. Verification of the model is carried out by developing the technical appearance of real OTVLRPS. Several variants of LRPS for spacecraft “Federation” type OTV are designed for low lunar orbit, OTV parameters are compared with optimized LRPS and with existing LRPS.
Manufacturing technology stamp-welded workpieces based on porous-net material with desired properties
Authors: Tretiakov A , Serezhkin M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The manufacture of stamp-welded and porous elements of porous-net material (PNM) from stainless steel 12H18N10T (0,12% C, 18% Cr, 10% Ni, 1% Ti) is difficult due to the low ductility under tension and the lack of weldability. It limits the use of PNM, although the fact that they may have the necessary technological and operational properties. The effect of porosity and heat conductivity anisotropy on the strength of welded splices of parts made of PNM have been established. Technologies of electron-beam welding (EBW) and sheet stamping of filter elements, which are implemented during the manufacture of prototypes of filter elements with a cleaning precision 10-12 microns, are presented.
Phytochemical Analysis of Mangrove Leaves (Rhizophora sp.)
Authors: Syahidah  , Subekti N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mangrove plants have been reported as resources of many traditional folk of medicine and contain several kinds of trace elements which are being used to treat diseases. The aim of this study was to analyzed the phytochemical compounds of mangrove leaves. Our previous studies showed that the extract of mangrove leaves tend to be polar. The acetone and methanol extract of the mangrove leaves had high anti termite and antifungal activity. Based on this information, phytochemical content of mangrove leaves have been analyzed to find out the chemical substances that responsible for the bioactivity properties. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolic content using a calibration curve of gallic acid, while for phytochemical were analyzed using spectrofotometric method. The results showed that the acetone extract of mangrove leaves containing alkaloid, polyphenolic, flavonoid, and total tannin higher than the methanol extract. This data will be further analyzed to obtain the compounds that may responsible for the biological performance of mangrove leaves.
Effect of CO2 on the degradation of cement-bonded particleboard based on the treatment to conventional cured board
Authors: Maail R S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and clarify the effect of CO2 at either the gaseous or supercritical phase on the degradation of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) based on the treatment to conventional cured board, while the estimation of long term degradation of CBP is also discussed. The properties of CBP are improved by CO2 treatment in short period in both the gaseous and supercritical phases even after the conventional curing process. These properties, however, over the longer treatment time degraded in rapid rate against CO2 treatment in both the gaseous and supercritical phases. It was considered that the degradation of CBP increased with increasing the CO2 concentration, CO2 pressure and treatment time. With the longer treatment time against supercritical CO2 in higher concentration and pressure, the residual values of mechanical properties (IB strength, MOR, and MOE) were decreased, indicating CBP performance was degraded rapidly compared to treatment in the lower concentration and pressure of CO2 or under gaseous phase. High coefficient determination values between the residual values of CBP properties, and the treatment time and CO2 concentration were observed and the simple linear model was found to estimate the long term degradation of CBP among the properties and affecting factors.
The Formulation of Apis mellifera L. Honeybees Feed Making as Pollen Subtitute on Poor Season
Authors: Budiaman  , Saleh M , Yusran  , Paembonan S A , Gautama I , Sanusi D , Millang S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Apis mellifera honey bees is one of the most cultured species in Indonesia, both by ordinary people, government (Perum Perhutani and Forest Service) as well as private companies that are managed in a modern way. This research aims to find out the best artificial feed formulation for Apis mellifera hone bees. This research used randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment is as follows: Treatment A: Soybean flour + sugar syrup, Treatment B: Dried peanut flour + sugar syrup, C: Peanut flour + sugar syrup, Controls: Natural pollen in flour form. The data obtained were analyzed by Randomized Block Design Equation.
The results showed that the type of pollen substitute TKH and natural pollen is the best feed to increase the growth of Apis mellifera L. bee seedlings in terms of the increase of consumption level and the extent of saplings.
Quantum walk as generalized evolution and measurement device
Authors: Zhan Xiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We show that arbitrary quantum evolution, both unitary and non-unitary ones, can be efficiently realized via one-dimensional quantum walk. This is done based on the equivalence between quantum evolution and positive-operated valued measurements, and an algorithm of properly controlling one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walk to realize arbitrary positive-operated valued measurements. Furthermore, our method based on one-dimensional quantum walk can be easily generalized to other platforms Our method enriches technics for quantum information processes, and the applications of quantum walk.
Improving performance of an analog electronic device using quantum error correction
Authors: Ostrove Corey , Cour Brian La , Lanham Andrew , Ott Granville 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The use of analog classical systems for computation is generally thought to be a difficult proposition due to the susceptibility of these devices to noise and the lack of a clear framework for achieving fault-tolerance. We present experimental results for the application of quantum error correction (QEC) techniques to a prototype analog computational device called a quantum emulation device. It is shown that for the gates tested (transversal Z, X and SH) there is a marked improvement in the performance characteristics of the gate operations following error correction using the 5-Qubit Perfect code. In the case of the Z gate, the median fidelity improved from 0.995 to 0.999 98, a reduction in the gate error by over two orders of magnitude. Other transverse gates similarly show strong improvements.