bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tungsten Nitride Nanodots Embedded Phosphorous Modified Carbon Fabric as Flexible and Robust Electrode for Asymmetric Pseudocapacitor
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Qiao Shizhang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOwing to the excellent physical properties of metal nitrides such as metallic conductivity and pseudocapacitance, they have recently attracted much attention as competitive materials for high‐performance supercapacitors (SCs). However, the voltage window for metal nitride‐based symmetric SCs is limited (0.6–0.8 V) in aqueous electrolyte due to the oxidation at high negative potentials. In this respect, ultra‐small tungsten nitride particles onto the phosphorous modified carbon fabric (W2N@P‐CF) are engineered as a promising hybrid electrode for pseudocapacitors. Additionally, the fact that the W2N@P‐CF electrode can operate in the negative potential region is exploited to design asymmetric pseudocapacitors by coupling with a polypyrrole on carbon fabric (PPy@CF) as the positive electrode. Remarkably, the W2N@P‐CF//PPy@CF asymmetric cell can be cycled in a wide voltage window of 1.6 V that is almost two times higher than that of metal nitrides symmetric SCs. The pseudocapacitive behavior with matching different potential regions of W2N@P‐CF and PPy@CF, considerably enhance performance of asymmetric device. The device delivers high volumetric capacity (7.1 F cm−3), high energy (2.54 mWh cm−3), power densities, and good cycling stability (88%) over 20 000 cycles. Thus, pseudocapacitive metal nitride‐based devices hold a great promise to provide high voltage and improved energy density in aqueous electrolyte.
Highly Efficient and Ultrasensitive Large‐Area Flexible Photodetector Based on Perovskite Nanowires
Authors: Asuo Ivy M. , Fourmont Paul , Ka Ibrahima , Gedamu Dawit , Bouzidi Soraya , Pignolet Alain , Nechache Riad , Cloutier Sylvain G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have shown exceptional semiconducting properties and microstructural versatility for inexpensive, solution‐processable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, an all‐solution‐based technique in ambient environment for highly sensitive and high‐speed flexible photodetectors using high crystal quality perovskite nanowires grown on Kapton substrate is presented. At 10 V, the optimized photodetector exhibits a responsivity as high as 0.62 A W−1, a maximum specific detectivity of 7.3 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1, and a rise time of 227.2 µs. It also shows remarkable photocurrent stability even beyond 5000 bending cycles. Moreover, a deposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a protective layer on the perovskite yields significantly better stability under ambient air operation: the PMMA‐protected devices are stable for over 30 days. This work demonstrates a cost‐effective fabrication technique for high‐performance flexible photodetectors and opens opportunities for research advancements in broadband and large‐scale flexible perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Irrigation Systems and Zones of Salinity Development
Authors: Zaman Mohammad , Shahid Shabbir A. , Heng Lee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelection of suitable irrigation systems (drip-surface and subsurface, sprinkler, bubbler, furrow etc.) for irrigated agriculture is one way of improving water use efficiency and to manage root zone salinity. These irrigation systems develop salinity zones differently which needs to be understood for various reasons, such as where to place the seed for good germination and where to apply leaching to maintain the root zone salinity below crop threshold salinity level. In this chapter emphasis have been made to describe various irrigation systems and zones of salinity development under each system. In surface irrigation system (flood, surge, sprinkler, bubbler) the maximum salinity is developed in deeper layers based on the wetting front and the lowest salinity is at the surface. Drip irrigation is often preferred to sprinkler irrigation for species with a high sensitivity to leaf necrosis. In surface drip irrigation salts concentrate along the perimeters of the expanding wetting soil zone, with the lowest salt concentrations occurring in the immediate vicinity of the water source, the highest at the soil surface, and in the very center of any two drippers, i.e. at the boundary of the volume of wetted soil. In the subsurface drip irrigation, the salts continuously buildup at the soil surface through an upward capillary movement from the buried irrigation lines during growing season, therefore the concept of leaching requirement (LR) does not work specially to leach the salts from surface above the buried drip lines. In furrow irrigation system maximum salts accumulate in ridges of soil between the furrows. The salt accumulation in furrow irrigation using different bed shapes (flat top bed, sloping beds) is shown in different figures giving guidelines to the farmers to place seeds in safe zone to accomplish high germination rate. Following the salinity development zones, various methods of salinity management are described. Relative crop salinity tolerance rating is described briefly. Prediction of crop yield in salinized farms compared to non-saline farms is also described using Maas and Hoffman equation.
The Role of Nuclear Techniques in Biosaline Agriculture
Authors: Zaman Mohammad , Shahid Shabbir A. , Heng Lee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe major constraints under Saline Agriculture are the availability of essential nutrients and water to the plant which are adversely affected by excessive salts in the soil solution. Among the essential plant nutrients, N plays a key role in plant growth and productivity. Nuclear and isotopic techniques (also called nuclear-based techniques) are a complement to, not a substitute for, non-nuclear conventional techniques. Nuclear-based techniques, however, do have several advantages over conventional techniques by providing unique, precise and quantitative data on soil nutrient and soil moisture pools and fluxes in the soil-plant-water and atmosphere systems. Isotopic techniques provide useful information in assessing soil-water-nutrient management which can be tailored to specific agroecosystems for managing soil salinity. For example, 15N stable isotopic techniques can be used to measure rates of the various N transformation processes in soil-plant-water and atmosphere systems, such as N mineralization-immobilization, nitrification, biological N2 fixation, N use efficiency, and microbial sources of production of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse and ozone depleting gas, in soil. The use of oxygen-18, hydrogen-2 (deuterium) and other isotopes is an integral part of agricultural water management, allowing the identification of water sources and the tracking of water movement and pathways within agricultural landscapes as influenced by different irrigation technologies, cropping systems and farming practices. It also helps in the understanding of plant water use, quantifying crop transpiration and soil evaporation and allows us to devise strategies to improve crop production, reduce unproductive water losses and prevent land and water degradation.
The Quest to Lead (with) Millennials in a VUCA-World: Bridging the Gap Between Generations
Authors: Kornelsen Johann 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWestern workplaces are currently experiencing a leadership challenge that relates to a conflict between the senior leaders in organizations and the so-called Millennial generation. This has resulted in traditional leadership approaches being less effective in a “dynaxic” (dynamic and complex) world. The purpose of this chapter is to help senior leaders better understand the essence of the conflict between Millennials and the previous generations. It is an attempt to increase understanding of the conflict and solve the problem by suggesting a leadership approach that could work for both generations and help organizations survive in a VUCA world. After the nature of the conflict is described, a relatively new leadership approach—responsible leadership—is suggested, in combination with mentoring. Responsible leadership combines the essential qualities of three well known leadership styles: transformational, servant, and authentic. The transformational aspect of responsible leadership relates to encouraging teamwork, setting high performance targets, and encouraging out-of-the-box thinking among followers. As servants, responsible leaders put the interests of subordinates and organizations first to create an empowering experience for followers. An authentic leadership approaches ensures learning agility, flexibility, and the participation of others. Through mentoring, Millennials may come to identify with their mentees and even adopt some of their values and attitudes. So-called reverse mentoring may provide a very valuable double function: increasing Millennials’ involvement within their organizations while at the same time engaging and educating Baby Boomers.
Improvement of thermotolerance in Lachancea thermotolerans using a bacterial selection pressure
Authors: Zhou Nerve , Ishchuk Olena P , Knecht Wolfgang , Compagno Concetta , Piškur Jure 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The use of thermotolerant yeast strains is an important attribute for a cost-effective high temperature biofermentation processes. However, the availability of thermotolerant yeast strains remains a major challenge. Isolation of temperature resistant strains from extreme environments or the improvements of current strains are two major strategies known to date. We hypothesised that bacteria are potential “hurdles” in the life cycle of yeasts, which could influence the evolution of extreme phenotypes, such as thermotolerance. We subjected a wild-type yeast, Lachancea thermotolerans to six species of bacteria sequentially for several generations. After coevolution, we observed that three replicate lines of yeasts grown in the presence of bacteria grew up to 37 °C whereas the controls run in parallel without bacteria could only grow poorly at 35 °C retaining the ancestral mesophilic trait. In addition to improvement of thermotolerance, our results show that the fermentative ability was also elevated, making the strains more ideal for the alcoholic fermentation process because the overall productivity and ethanol titers per unit volume of substrate consumed during the fermentation process was increased. Our unique method is attractive for the development of thermotolerant strains or to augment the available strain development approaches for high temperature industrial biofermentation.
Understanding Children's Resources in the Context of Family Violence through a Collaborative Songwriting Method
Authors: Fairchild Rebecca , McFerran Katrina Skewes 
Published: November 2018

The majority of literature about children experiencing family violence focuses on reporting ‘problems’ and highlighting detrimental outcomes for children. In contrast, there is little acknowledgement of children's personal resources and capacities in times of crisis.This article describes a participatory arts-based research project involving 10 pre-adolescent children. The research aimed to explore children's individual resources and to highlight the value of giving voice to children through participatory processes. A collaborative songwriting method sought to co-construct knowledge with children about what helped them to ‘do well’ in their lives. An illustrative example demonstrates the collaborative process of engaging children throughout the data generation, collaborative analysis and presentation of the findings. The children described a range of resources and supports in their lives, such as friends, family, sport, pets, journaling, hope and creativity. Five themes explore the role these resources play in children's lives: seeking refuge, wanting to feel safe, hoping for a better future, feeling cared for and being self-determined. The results emphasise the ongoing need to build upon existing resources in children's lives and to support them to navigate access to additional resources. We advocate for participatory approaches that provide opportunities for children's voices to be heard, fostered and responded to.
Maternal protein intake during pregnancy is associated with child growth up to 5 years of age, but not through insulin-like growth factor-1: findings from the ROLO study
Authors: Geraghty Aisling A. , O’Brien Eileen C. , Alberdi Goiuri , Horan Mary K. , Donnelly Jean , Larkin Elizabeth , Segurado Ricardo , Mehegan John , Molloy Eleanor J. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInfant protein intake has been associated with child growth, however, research on maternal protein intake during pregnancy is limited. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) play a role in early fetal development and maternal protein intake may influence child body composition via IGF-1. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal protein intake throughout pregnancy on cord blood IGF-1 and child body composition from birth to 5 years of age. Analysis was carried out on 570 mother–child dyads from the Randomised cOntrol trial of LOw glycaemic index diet study. Protein intake was recorded using 3-d food diaries in each trimester of pregnancy and protein intake per kg of maternal weight (g/d per kg) was calculated. Cord blood IGF-1 was measured at birth. Infant anthropometry was measured at birth, 6 months, 2 and 5 years of age. Mixed modelling, linear regression, and mediation analysis were carried out. Birth weight centiles were positively associated with early-pregnancy protein intake (g/d per kg), while weight centiles from 6 months to 5 years were negatively associated (B=−21·6, P<0·05). These associations were not mediated by IGF-1. Our findings suggest that high protein intake in early-pregnancy may exert an in utero effect on offspring body composition with a higher weight initially at birth but slower growth rates into childhood. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which dietary protein modulates fetal growth.
NURSING TRANSGRESSIONS, EXPLORING DIFFERENCE: NORTH AFRICANS IN FRENCH MEDICAL SPACES DURING WORLD WAR I
Authors: Rominger Chris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article explores the social impact of North African soldiers’ experiences in French military hospitals during World War I. In particular, it examines improvised “Muslim hospitals” that were opened in order to isolate North Africans from French civilian society. Colonial and military officials believed that North Africans, presumed to be warlike, pathogenic, and promiscuous, could corrupt and be corrupted by the French public. Yet while existing literature tends to highlight the dehumanization of North Africans at the hands of military and medical authorities, this article, drawing from personal correspondence, photographs, and military and medical records, reveals a more ambiguous daily reality. I argue that the individual needs and desires of wounded North Africans and of French nurses, as well as material limitations and contingencies, created spaces for an unprecedented series of humanizing personal encounters. In military-medical “colonies within the metropole,” these soldiers found themselves caught between a newfound sense of affinity with the French public and a starker sense of the boundaries of colonial practice.
TECHNOPOLITICS OF A CONCESSIONARY CONTRACT: HOW INTERNATIONAL LAW WAS TRANSFORMED BY ITS ENCOUNTER WITH ANGLO-IRANIAN OIL
Authors: Shafiee Katayoun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Iranian government's decision to nationalize its British-controlled oil industry in 1951 was a landmark case in international law. The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Iranian government clashed over whether international authorities had the right to arbitrate for them in disputes over the terms of the oil concession. Scholarship in Middle East studies has overlooked the role of concession terms in shaping political disputes in the 20th century. Rather than seeing legal studies of the oil industry on one side and power struggles and resources on the other, this article examines international court proceedings at The Hague to argue that Anglo-Iranian oil transformed international law. Novel mechanisms of economic and legal governance, set up to deal with an expanded community of nation-states, worked as techniques of political power that equipped the oil corporation with the power to associate Iran's oil with foreign control while generating new forms of law and contract that undermined resource nationalism.
Improving the estimation and partitioning of plant nitrogen in the RiceGrow model
Authors: Tang L. , Chang R. J. , Basso B. , Li T. , Zhen F. X. , Liu L. L. , Cao W. X. , Zhu Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlant nitrogen (N) links with many physiological progresses of crop growth and yield formation. Accurate simulation is key to predict crop growth and yield correctly. The aim of the current study was to improve the estimation of N uptake and translocation processes in the whole rice plant as well as within plant organs in the RiceGrow model by using plant and organ maximum, critical and minimum N dilution curves. The maximum and critical N (Nc) demand (obtained from the maximum and critical curves) of shoot and root and Nc demand of organs (leaf, stem and panicle) are calculated by N concentration and biomass. Nitrogen distribution among organs is computed differently pre- and post-anthesis. Pre-anthesis distribution is determined by maximum N demand with no priority among organs. In post-anthesis distribution, panicle demands are met first and then the remaining N is allocated to other organs without priority. The amount of plant N uptake depends on plant N demand and N supplied by the soil. Calibration and validation of the established model were performed on field experiments conducted in China and the Philippines with varied N rates and N split applications; results showed that this improved model can simulate the processes of N uptake and translocation well.
“The Old Economic Rules No Longer Apply”: The National Planning Idea and the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act, 1974–1978
Authors: Andelic Patrick 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:The campaign to pass the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act has been misunderstood by many historians. Rather than a failed attempt to resuscitate New Deal Keynesianism by an exhausted Democratic Party, it represented a radical effort to reconfigure the political economy of the United States by embracing national planning ideas that were enjoying a revival in response to the economic crisis of the 1970s. The fact that this bill proved politically viable challenges historians’ assumptions that this decade saw the American people turn away from “big government” and toward pro-market solutions for social and economic problems. This episode also forces us to reassess our understanding of the Democratic Party in this decade. It suggests that historians have erred in drawing a sharp distinction between the party’s “New Deal” and “New Politics” factions and that the policy goals of those factions dovetailed more often than has been appreciated.
Navigating the Globalization Dilemma: Democratic Pressure and the Making of U.S. Inward Foreign Direct Investment Policy in the 1970s
Authors: Baltz Matthew J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:The tension between democratic institutions and the project to integrate international markets for trade and investment has been an enduring feature of the contemporary era of globalization. This article analyzes how officials in the executive branch navigated this tension in the making of inward foreign direct investment policy during the 1970s. Based on recently declassified archival sources, it traces how top officials in the Ford administration decided to establish a new interagency committee in order to appear responsive to congressional pressure and still leave its “open door” investment policy intact. Yet this measure only marked the first step in resolving their political dilemma. Lower-level functionaries then had to manage the problem of how to give the new committee the appearance of strength while also maximizing its discretion to be weak. Overall, this article contributes the first comprehensive account of both phases of the policy-making process using new archival evidence.
Mixing and Crystal Scavenging in the Main Ethiopian Rift Revealed by Trace Element Systematics in Feldspars and Glasses
Authors: Iddon Fiona , Jackson Charlotte , Hutchison William , Fontijn Karen , Pyle David M. , Mather Tamsin A. , Yirgu Gezahegn , Edmonds Marie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor many magmatic systems, crystal compositions preserve a complex and protracted history, which may be largely decoupled from their carrier melts. The crystal cargo may hold clues to the physical distribution of melt and crystals in a magma reservoir and how magmas are assembled prior to eruptions. Here we present a geochemical study of a suite of samples from three peralkaline volcanoes in the Main Ethiopian Rift. While whole‐rock data show strong fractional crystallization signatures, the trace element systematics of feldspars, and their relationship to their host glasses, reveals complexity. Alkali feldspars, particularly those erupted during caldera‐forming episodes, have variable Ba concentrations, extending to high values that are not in equilibrium with the carrier liquids. Some of the feldspars are antecrysts, which we suggest are scavenged from a crystal‐rich mush. The antecrysts crystallized from a Ba‐enriched (more primitive) melt, before later entrainment into a Ba‐depleted residual liquid. Crystal‐melt segregation can occur on fast timescales in these magma reservoirs, owing to the low‐viscosity nature of peralkaline liquids. The separation of enough residual melt to feed a crystal‐poor postcaldera rhyolitic eruption may take as little as months to tens of years (much shorter than typical repose periods of 300–400 years). Our observations are consistent with these magmatic systems spending significant portions of their life cycle dominated by crystalline mushes containing ephemeral, small (< 1 km3) segregations of melt. This interpretation helps to reconcile observations of high crustal electrical resistivity beneath Aluto, despite seismicity and ground deformation consistent with a magma body.