bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serangga yang berasosiasi dengan puru daun eukaliptus di Sumatra Utara
Authors: Syawaluddin Syawaluddin , Hidayat Purnama , Maryana Nina 
Published: August 2019

Tanaman eukaliptus (Eucalyptus spp.) merupakan jenis tanaman yang dibudidayakan di hutan tanaman industri (HTI), untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri pulp dan kertas. Salah satu permasalahan dalam budi daya eukaliptus adalah puru daun yang disebabkan oleh serangga dari Ordo Hymenoptera. Puru daun dapat menyebabkan kerusakan daun dan mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman sehingga kualitas kayu menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi serangga yang berasosiasi dengan puru daun eukaliptus. Sampel daun yang bergejala puru diambil di areal HTI eukaliptus sektor Tele yang berada di antara Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan dan Kabupaten Samosir, Sumatra Utara. Identifikasi dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi pada antena, mesosoma dorsal, sayap depan, dan tungkai belakang serangga. Hasil identifikasi mendapatkan tujuh spesies serangga yang berasosiasi dengan puru daun eukaliptus, yaitu Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan) (Eulophidae) sebagai hama puru daun eukaliptus, Eurytoma sp. Illiger (Eurytomidae), Aprostocetus sp. Westwood, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle, Chrysonotomyia germanica (Erdös), dan Closterocerus chamaeleon (Girault) (Eulophidae) yang berperan sebagai parasitoid dan Diplesiostigma bisetosum Boucek (Tetracampidae) yang belum diketahui perannya.
Effects of Pretreatments on the Shelf Life and Quality of Carrots (Daucus carota Subspecies Sativus) Stored at Different Temperatures
Authors: Adeoye Omolara Ojuolape , Adebolu Tinuola Tokunbo , Oladunmoye Muftau Kolawole , O. Ojokoh Anthony 
Published: August 2019

Carrot is one of the top ten most important vegetables in the world due to its nutritional contents however, it is highly perishable. One major way to extend its shelf life is to store in the refrigerator but these can only prolong the shelf life for only a few weeks. Therefore, there is the need to research how the shelf life can be extended further. Fresh matured carrots bought from Shasha market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria were washed with potable water and grouped into 7; each group was subjected to different pretreatment except the 7th group that was left untreated. All the carrot groups were dried in sun for five hours and then packed aseptically into different sterile air tight polyethylene food bags. Each group was replicated and one batch was stored in the refrigerator (4 ± 2°C) while the other batch was stored at room temperature (30 ± 2°C). At intervals of one week, the samples were monitored for presence of soft rot, wrinkle, weight loss etc. All carrots stored at 30 ± 2°C got spoiled after first week of storage irrespective of the type of pretreatment they were subjected to. However, pretreated carrots stored at 4 ± 2°C had their shelf life extended with those treated with moringa seed aqueous extract having the best result at 24th week. This work shows that moringa seed aqueous extract can be used to extend the shelf life of carrots stored in the refrigerator.
Comparative Effect of Fungicides against Blast Disease of Rice
Authors: Tuz-Zohura Fatema- , Haque A. H. M. Mahfuzul , Ud-Doullah Md. Asad- 
Published: August 2019

Keeping in view the importance of rice blast disease, an experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of the department of Plant Pathology & Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, and at the field of regional BADC Seed Production farm, Khadimnagar, Sylhet, Bangladesh, to evaluate see health status of the collected samples and effectiveness of fungicides against the blast disease of rice. Treatments viz T1: Edifen 50 EC (Edifenphos), T2: Karisma 28 SC (Azoxystrobin 20% + Cyproconazole 8%), T3: Nativo 75 WP (Tebuconazole 50% +Trifloxystrobin 25%), T4: Trooper 75WP (Tricyclazole), T5: Stanza 75WP (Imidazole), T6: Amister top (Azoxystobin 20% + Difenoconazole 12.5%), T7: Control (water) were used both in laboratory and field condition. In laboratory, different seed borne fungi, like Aspergillus, Fusarium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Pyricularia, Bipolaris, Alternaria, were detected from the collected seed sample by blotter method. In the field, treatments were applied as foliar sprays for three times with ten days interval. The lowest blast disease incidence (34.0%), lowest severity (31.6%) was found in T2: Karisma 28 SC treated plots, and gave best result in term of yield (6.3 ton/ha) in comparison to other treatments. The results of the present studies suggested that use of Karisma 28 SC is the best choice against rice blast with lowest disease incidence and highest yield.
Empirical Antibiotic Prescription Pattern among Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital, is There Evidence of Irrationality?
Authors: Paul Onah Otor , Abdulmalik Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Background: Resistance to antibiotics is spreading rapidly around the world with its associated morbidity and mortality. Infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat resulting in increased cost of medical care. In low income countries with high infectious disease burden, antibiotic resistance is reported to be accelerated by irrational prescriptions in health facilities. In the absence of adequate resources, many clinicians engage in empirical antibiotic prescriptions some of which their appropriateness is questionable. There is need for laboratory evidence to justify empirical antibiotic use in the light of increasing resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics.
Aims: This study aims to determine empirical antibiotic prescription pattern and to determine rationality using resistance profile of common bacterial isolates in hospitals.
Methods: Antibiotic prescriptions in the NHIS department and antibiogram records were obtained from pharmacy and laboratory records respectively. Analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and comparison between antibiotics prescribed and their respective resistance pattern were compared to determine rationality.
Results and Discussion: The Penicillins and Quinolones were the most prescribed class of antibiotics and resistance range between 30 – 90% and 3 – 23% respectively. Resistance to other antibiotics was high thus making empirical prescriptions irrational in most of the cases. These findings have been consistently reported in several studies so widespread empirical antibiotic prescriptions are not in tandem with principles of rational drug use.
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance is common among hospital isolates, so there is need to emphasize that prescriptions be based on laboratory evidence of microbial sensitivity.
Socio Demographic Distribution of Ocular Axial Length in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Aprioku I. N. , Adio A. O. , Ejimadu C. S. , Fiebai B. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To determine the socio demographic distribution of ocular axial length (AL) for use in estimating intraocular lens power, detect abnormal values and possibly associate them with pathological conditions.
Methods: This is a community based descriptive study carried out in Port Harcourt City LGA, Nigeria of subjects 18 years of age or older and with Visual Acuity > 6/18. The major ethnic/linguistic groups in Rivers state are Ikwerre, Ogoni, Ekpeye Kalabari, Okrika, Ogba, Igbani, Obolo and Etche. Socio demographic data was obtained through a proforma. Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry, and ophthalmoscopy. Axial length (AL) was measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data analysis was by SPSS (Version 17), and p value was set at ≤ 0.05.
Results: Four hundred and sixty six (466) subjects participated in the study made up of two hundred and twelve (212) males (45.5%) and two hundred and fifty four (254) females (54.5%) with M: F ratio of 1:1.2. The age range was 18-92 years and mean age of the subjects studied 43.0±14.2 years. Findings revealed mean AL to be 23.2±1.0 mm which was greater in males than females. The longest mean AL in males was seen among age group 51 and 60 years and that for females was seen in age group 41 and 50 years after which in both gender there was noticed to be a decline in mean axial lengths. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and axial length. Axial length was found to be longer in subjects with higher level of education and this pattern was statistically significant.
Conclusion: AL was significantly longer in males and has a positive relationship with the level of education of the study population. The longest mean AL in males was seen among age group 51 and 60 years and that for females was seen in age group 41 and 50 years after which in both gender there was noticed to be a decline in mean axial lengths.
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Metastatic to the Breast: Case Report
Authors: Halim Amal , M. Ibrahim Eman , El-saeed Fatma I. , Elgalil Enas A. Abd , Halim Hosam 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To spot the light on metastatic tumors to the breast which represent only 0.5-1.5% of breast malignancies to avoid misdiagnosis as primary breast tumors.
Presentation of the Case: 45-year-old female was referred to the Oncology Department of Meet Ghmmr Oncology Center in November 2017 after total thyroidectomy followed by cervical lymph node dissection for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) 1 year ago at Oncology Center Mansoura University. The panel recommended postoperative radiotherapy. One month after the end of radiotherapy, she complained of frequent headache attacks and abdominal pain. CT was done in February 2018 revealed metastasis to the brain, lung, liver and ovaries. After the fifth cycle of chemotherapy, a progressively enlarging left breast mass appeared, that proved to be metastatic MTC.
Discussion: MTC is a neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid gland. Breast is an unusual metastatic site for MTC. Consequently, breast masses should be evaluated with caution, especially in the presence of a known primary malignancy. Histopathologic examination is the key diagnostic tool.
Conclusion: Metastasis to the breast should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a breast mass in a patient with a past history of MTC. Histopathologic examination and proper panel of immunohistochemical markers are fundamental for diagnosis to prevent unneeded surgery.
Anthropometric Parameters Affecting Ocular Axial Length in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Aprioku I. N. , Adio A. O. , Ejimadu C. S. , Fiebai B. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To determine the anthropometric parameters affecting ocular axial length in Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Methods: This was a community based descriptive study carried out in Port Harcourt City LGA, Nigeria using a multistage random sampling technique. Inclusion criteria were Visual Acuity > 6/18, age greater than 18 years and no history of past ocular surgeries or trauma. Socio demographic data was obtained through an interviewer based proforma and included age, sex and tribe. Anthropometric parameters were measured using a standard height and weight automated scale (SECA 769,220). Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry, and ophthalmoscopy. Axial length (AL) was measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data obtained from one eye of the subjects were analyzed using SPSS (Version 17), and P value was set at ≤ .05.
Results: The study was made up of two hundred and twelve (212) males (45.5%) and two hundred and fifty four (254) females (54.5%) with M: F ratio of 1:1.2 giving a total of four hundred and sixty six (466) subjects. The age range was 18-92 years and mean age of the subjects studied 43.0±14.2 years. Findings revealed mean AL, Height and Weight to be (23.2±1.0 mm), (162.5±9 cm) and (70.5±14.8 kg) respectively. The mean AL was greater in males than females. There was a statistically significant relationship between height and AL in both gender with AL increasing by 0.035mm (p=0.001, r=0.261) with one centimeter change in height in males and 0.025 mm (p=0.001, r=0.2680) in females. There was also a statistically significant (0.009 mm) increase in AL per one kilogram change in weight in females (p=0.0001, r=0.188).
Conclusion: This study noted that there are significant relationships between AL and height and weight respectively. This could add to the data bank for AL in the country and form a basis for identifying deviations from the normal, for further research.
Analyzing the Impact of Agricultural Landownership on Poverty and Food Security in Sri Lanka: A Household Level Econometric Analysis
Authors: Deyshappriya N. P. Ravindra 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study examined the impact of agricultural landownership on poverty and food security in Sri Lanka. The current study enriches the literature by extending traditional two way poverty classification into four groups: Extremely Poor, Poor, Vulnerable Non-Poor and Non-Poor and quantifies the impact of agricultural landownership on each type of poverty. Similarly, the impact of agricultural landownership on food security is was also estimated considering the four types of food security such as, Extremely Food Insecure, Food Insecure, Vulnerable to Food Insecure and Food Secure, based on Minimum Dietary Energy Requirements.
Methodology: The analysis is was based on the secondary data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) of Sri Lanka. Ordered Probit Models were estimated to examine the impacts of agricultural landownership on poverty and food security to accomplish the objectives of the study.
Results: The results highlighted that the probability of being non-poor of the households with agriculture land is was higher by 6.42% compared to the households without agricultural lands. Similarly, having agriculture land also reduces the probability of being extremely poor, poor and vulnerable to poverty by 0.1%, 2.2% and 4.1% respectively. In addition, the empirical findings indicated that ownership of agricultural land lessens the probability of being extremely food insecure (0.8%), food insecure (1.4%) and vulnerable to food insecure (0.7%). Moreover, the probability of being food secured of thefor households with agricultural lands is was higher by 0.9% compared to the households without agricultural lands.
Conclusion: Therefore, the study emphasized the significance of agricultural landownership to mitigate the poverty and food insecurity which ultimately enhances the household wellbeing. Hence, the current study strongly recommends implementing appropriate policies to address land-right related issues faced by developing countries ensuring long term wellbeing of the households.
Depersonalization‐ and derealization‐like phenomena of epileptic origin
Authors: Heydrich Lukas , Marillier Guillaume , Evans Nathan , Seeck Margitta , Blanke Olaf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveDepersonalization refers to the sensation of being detached from one’s body, often associated with feelings of loss of control over one’s own body, actions, or thoughts. Derealization refers to the altered perception of one’s surroundings that is experienced as unreal. Although usually reported by psychiatric patients suffering from depression or anxiety, single case reports and small case series have described depersonalization‐ and derealization‐like symptoms in the context of epilepsy.MethodsWe investigated the brain mechanisms of ictal depersonalization– and derealization like symptoms by analyzing clinical and neuropsychological data as well as the epileptogenic zone based on a multimodal approach in a group of patients reporting depersonalization‐ (n = 9) and derealization‐like symptoms (n = 7), from a single presurgical epilepsy center with focal epilepsy. We compared them with a group of control patients with experiential phenomena due to temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 28).ResultsWe show that all patients with ictal depersonalization‐like symptoms report altered self‐identification with their body and mostly suffer from frontal lobe epilepsy with the epileptogenic zone in the dorsal premotor cortex, while patients with derealization‐like symptoms suffer from temporal lobe epilepsy. This finding is supported by post‐ictal neuropsychological deficits, showing that depersonalization‐like symptoms were significantly more often associated with frontal lobe dysfunction as compared to the control patients and patients with derealization‐like symptoms.ConclusionWe argue that depersonalization of epileptic origin constitutes a distinct disorder due to frontal lobe epilepsy. We discuss these findings with respect to earlier accounts of depersonalization and the recent concept of bodily self‐consciousness.
Fibromyalgia Assessment Screening Tools (FAST) Based on Only Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) Scores as Clues to Fibromyalgia
Authors: Schmukler Juan , Jamal Shakeel , Castrejon Isabel , Block Joel A , Pincus Theodore 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe study was designed to develop fibromyalgia assessment screening tool (FAST) indices based only on multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) scores as clues to fibromyalgia (FM), analyzed for possible agreement with the 2011 FM criteria.MethodsAll patients with all diagnoses complete an MDHAQ at each visit in routine care. The MDHAQ includes scores for physical function, pain, global assessment, fatigue, self‐report painful joint count, and a 60‐symptom checklist. MDHAQ items similar or identical to the 2011 FM criteria symptom severity scale (SSS) and widespread pain index (WPI) components of a polysymptomatic distress scale (PSD) were compiled into continuous MDHAQ‐FM‐SSS, MDHAQ‐FM‐WPI, and MDHAQ‐FM‐PSD indices. Ten candidate MDHAQ scores were analyzed against the 2011 FM criteria using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, kappa statistics, and receiver operating characteristic curves for the area under the curve (AUC). MDHAQ candidate variables with the highest AUC were compiled into cumulative MDHAQ‐FAST indices of three (FAST3) or four (FAST4) scores.ResultsThe highest AUCs among MDHAQ scores were seen for symptom checklist, painful joint count, fatigue, and pain, which are included in FAST4; FAST3‐F excludes pain, and FAST3‐P excludes fatigue. AUCs for FAST3‐P, FAST3‐F, and FAST4, as well as continuous MDHAQ‐FM scores, all were greater than 0.92, indicating excellent criterion validity. Kappa statistics versus the 2011 criteria were 0.63‐0.68, higher than 0.41‐0.47 versus physician ICD‐10 diagnoses.ConclusionPragmatic FAST3, FAST4, and MDHAQ‐FM indices are similar to FM criteria to screen for FM in routine care. It is more feasible to collect the same MDHAQ, which is informative in all rheumatic diseases studied, from each patient than to ask different patients with different diagnoses to complete different questionnaires.
Hired Latinx child farm labor in North Carolina: The demand‐support‐control model applied to a vulnerable worker population
Authors: Quandt Sara A. , Arnold Taylor J. , Mora Dana C. , Sandberg Joanne C. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUS government child labor policies allow children as young as age 10 to be hired as workers on farms not operated by family members. Children may face substantial health risks in an industry known for high worker morbidity and mortality rates, due to high demands for productivity, and low control and little support because of the organization of the workplace. This paper examines how child farmworkers in North Carolina experience their work situation.MethodsIn‐depth interviews conducted in 2016 with 30 Latinx child farmworkers, ages 10 to 17, were analyzed using concepts from the demand‐control‐support model. All had worked as either migrant or seasonal hired farmworkers within the past year.ResultsChildren reported planting, cultivating, and harvesting crops including fruits, vegetables, and tobacco. The crew leader supervisory system, piece‐rate pay, and coworker pressure produced significant demands to work quickly and take risks including lifting heavy loads, operating mechanical equipment, and working in excessive heat. Children had little control over work to counter demands they experienced; and they labored in a state of fear of firing, wage theft, and other sanctions. Support was variable, with younger children more likely to experience family and coworker support than older children.ConclusionsThe high demands with limited control and, for some, little support, that these children experience place them at risk and show the possibility of injury and exploitation. Future research should systematically document the occupational injury and illness of hired child farmworkers, and consider whether changes in labor policy are warranted.
Diet of the Indochinese silvered langur (Trachypithecus germaini) in Kien Luong Karst area, Kien Giang Province
Authors: Le Hong Thia , Hoang Duc Minh , Covert Herbert H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Indochinese silvered langur (Trachypithecus germaini) is distributed to the west of Mekong River in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam. During a two‐year study, from May 2014 to May 2016, we collected 320.44 hr of behavior, with 17,040 feeding bouts recorded (142 hr) for T. germaini on Chua Hang Karst Mountain, Kien Luong District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. Feeding accounted for 45% of the Indochinese silvered langurs’ activity budget. The plant diet of the Indochinese silvered langurs was principally composed of young leaves (58%), followed by mature leaves (9.5%), fruits (22.7%), flowers (4.7%), buds (3.3%), petioles (1.2%), and other (0.5%). A total of 58 plant species were fed on by the silvered langurs, and leaves of eight species (Phyllathus reticulatus, Ficus rumphii, Ficus tinctoria, Ficus microcarpa, Cayratia trifolia, Streblus ilicifolia, Combretum latifolium, and Streblus asper) were fed on throughout the year. P. reticulatus was most frequently eaten (13.9% feeding time, n = 1,733). Food selection differed significantly between months and seasons. The Indochinese silvered langurs ate 27 plant species in the wet season compared with 23 plant species in the dry season. Leaf chemical composition of two food categories, 16 eaten species (with 10 most frequently consumed species and six least consumed species), and four noneaten species, were analyzed. Feeding samples from eaten species in the Indochinese silvered langurs's diet contained lower amounts of condensed tannin, lignin, protein, ash, and lipids, but a higher amount of total sugar compared with samples from noneaten species. Furthermore, the most frequently consumed species contained lower amounts of lignin compared with the less frequently consumed species. Using a generalized linear model with five variables, including neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total sugar, lignin, lipid, and calcium (Ca) indicated that NDF positively correlated and lignin content negatively correlated with feeding records in the diet of these langur.