bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipidomic Study of Precursors of Endocannabinoids in Freshwater Bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica
Authors: Řezanka Tomáš , Vítová Milada , Lukavský Jaromír , Sigler Karel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFreshwater bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica was collected from a sand pit (South Bohemia). The total lipids after extraction from lyophilized bryozoans were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution negative tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. A total of 19 lipid classes were identified, including N‐acyl‐substituted phospholipids, that is, N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine and N‐acylphosphatidylserine in their plasmenyl forms. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of 3‐pyridylcarbonyl (picolinyl) esters, a very unusual fatty acid was identified, namely 24:7n‐3 (all‐cis‐3,6,9,12,15,18,21‐tetracosaheptaenoic acid). The presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in individual classes is very specific: arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids being predominantly bound as amides in N‐acyl phospholipids, that is, diacyl‐N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPtdEtn), plasmenyl‐N‐acylphosphatidyl ethanolamines (PlsNAPtdEtn), diacyl‐N‐acylphosphatidylserines (NAPtdSer), and plasmenyl‐N‐acylphosphatidylserines (PlsNAPtdSer). While 24:6n‐3 was identified in the sn‐2 position of several phospholipids, 24:7n‐3 was identified in only two plasmalogens, that is, PlsNAPtdEtn and PlsNAPtdSer. Thanks to the tandem mass spectrometry, we managed to identify the position of all acyl groups in both diacyl‐ and also in alkenyl‐acyl‐(plasmenyl) molecular species of N‐acylphospholipids. The identification of the molecular species of N‐acyl‐substituted phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, including their plasmalogen forms, in the freshwater bryozoan P. magnifica has enabled the identification of endogenous cannabinoid precursors.
Preparation of PEGylated Iodine‐Loaded Nanoparticles via Polymer‐Directed Self‐Assembly
Authors: Tang Christina , York Adam W. , Mikitsh John L. , Wright Alexander C. , Chacko Ann‐Marie , Elias Drew R. , Xu Yaodong , Lim Heng‐Keang , Prud'homme Robert K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe preparation of size‐tunable PEGylated, iodine‐loaded nanoparticles is investigated for biomedical applications. Di‐iodination of polyvinyl phenol and encapsulation of the iodinated polymer via directed self‐assembly with an amphiphilic polyethylene glycol‐based diblock copolymer are reported. Nanoparticles with iodine loadings up to 45 wt% are achieved using a rapid, scalable process. The size of the nanoparticles can be readily tuned between 35 and 130 nm by increasing the ionic strength of the antisolvent used during nanoparticle self‐assembly. The resulting PEGylated iodine‐loaded nanoparticles have potential applications in nanomedicine for 1) quantitative biodistribution analysis via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) or 2) X‐ray contrast in biomedical imaging. For quantitative biodistribution studies using ICP‐MS, a limit of detection of 2 µg mL−1 in mouse serum is achieved. For biomedical imaging, the X‐ray attenuation rates are comparable to currently commercially available iodine‐based contrast agents. Therefore, encapsulation of the iodinated polymer enables formulation of trackable, size tunable nanoparticles as a versatile platform for developing nanomedicines.
Controlling CO2‐Responsive Behaviors of Polymersomes Self‐Assembled by Coumarin‐Containing Star Polymer via Regulating Its Crosslinking Pattern
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Guo , Xia Hesheng , Liu Zhaotie , Liu Zhongwen , Jiang Jinqiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn oligo(ethylene glycol)‐based star polymer of N2‐(OEG‐C)3 with fluorescent coumarin as hydrophobic end groups and dual tertiary amines as the star center is designed and synthesized. Owing to its amphiphilic nature of N2‐(OEG‐C)3, it will self‐assemble into hollow vesicles with coumarin groups dispersed in the hydrophobic membrane and exhibits CO2‐responsive behavior due to the protonation of amine centers with CO2. More importantly, coumarin moieties can either form non‐crosslinking with γ‐cyclodextrin via the 2/1 host–guest inclusion, or covalently photodimerized by 365 nm light, offering a tunable crosslinking pattern in the hydrophobic membrane and thus adjusting its CO2‐stimulated reorganization and disassembly behaviors of these vesicles in aqueous solution.
Cationic Polymer‐Mediated CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid Delivery for Genome Editing
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wan Tao , Chen Yuxuan , Chen Yu , Sun Hongwei , Cao Tianqi , Songyang Zhou , Tang Guping , Wu Chuanbin , Ping Yuan , Xu Fu‐Jian , Huang Junjiu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDelivery of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/CRISPR‐associated protein‐9 (Cas9) represents a major hurdle for successful clinical translation of genome editing tools. Owing to the large size of plasmids that encode Cas9 and single‐guide RNA (sgRNA), genome editing efficiency mediated by current delivery carriers is still unsatisfactory to meet the requirement for its real applications. Herein, cationic polymer polyethyleneimine‐β‐cyclodextrin (PC), known to be efficient for small plasmid transfection, is reported to likewise mediate efficient delivery of plasmid encoding Cas9 and sgRNA. Whereas PC can condense and encapsulate large plasmids at high N/P ratio, the delivery of plasmid results in efficient editing at two genome loci, namely, hemoglobin subunit beta (19.1%) and rhomboid 5 homolog 1 (RHBDF1) (7.0%). Sanger sequencing further confirms the successful genome editing at these loci. This study defines a new strategy for the delivery of the large plasmid encoding Cas9/sgRNA for efficient genome editing.
General Syntheses of Nanotubes Induced by Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhao Jianming , Huang Wei , Si Pengchao , Ulstrup Jens , Diao Fangyuan , Zhang Jingdong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAmphiphilic block copolymer templating strategies are extensively used for syntheses of mesoporous materials. However, monodisperse tubular nanostructures are limited. Here, a general method is developed to synthesize monodisperse nanotubes with narrow diameter distribution induced by self‐assembly of block copolymer. 3‐Aminophenol (AP) and formaldehyde (F) polymerize and self‐assemble with cylindrical PS‐b‐PEO micelles into worm‐like PS‐b‐PEO@APF composites with uniform diameter (49 ± 3 nm). After template extraction, worm‐like APF polymer nanotubes are formed. The structure and morphology of the polymer nanotubes can be tuned by regulating the synthesis conditions. Furthermore, PS‐b‐PEO@APF composites are uniformly converted to isomorphic carbon nanotubes with large surface area of 662 m2 g−1, abundant hierarchical porous frameworks and nitrogen doping. The synthesis can be extended to silica nanotubes. These findings open an avenue to the design of porous materials with controlled structural framework, composition, and properties for a wide range of applications.
Transition matrices for quantum waveguides with impurities
Authors: Rabinovich Vladimir , Urbano‐Altamirano Francisco 
Published: April 2018

We consider the electron propagation in a cylindrical quantum waveguide
where D is a bounded domain in
described by the Dirichlet problem for the Schrödinger operator

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4920:mma4920-math-0006
where x=(x1, x2),
,
is the transversal confinement potential, and
is the impurity potential. We construct the left and right transition matrices and give an numerical algorithm for their calculations based on the spectral parameter power series method.
Analysis of dual tree M‐band wavelet transform based features for brain image classification
Authors: Ayalapogu Ratna Raju , Pabboju Suresh , Ramisetty Rajeswara Rao 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe most complex organ in the human body is the brain. The unrestrained growth of cells in the brain is called a brain tumor. The cause of a brain tumor is still unknown and the survival rate is lower than other types of cancers. Hence, early detection is very important for proper treatment.MethodsIn this study, an efficient computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system is presented for brain image classification by analyzing MRI of the brain. At first, the MRI brain images of normal and abnormal categories are modeled by using the statistical features of dual tree m‐band wavelet transform (DTMBWT). A maximum margin classifier, support vector machine (SVM) is then used for the classification and validated with k‐fold approach.ResultsResults show that the system provides promising results on a repository of molecular brain neoplasia data (REMBRANDT) with 97.5% accuracy using 4th level statistical features of DTMBWT.ConclusionViewing the experimental results, we conclude that the system gives a satisfactory performance for the brain image classification.
Comprehensive Peptide Analysis of Mouse Brain Striatum Identifies Novel sORF‐Encoded Polypeptides
Authors: Budamgunta Harshavardhan , Olexiouk Volodimir , Luyten Walter , Schildermans Karin , Maes Evelyne , Boonen Kurt , Menschaert Gerben , Baggerman Geert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBio‐active peptides are involved in the regulation of most physiological processes in the body. Classical bio‐active peptides (CBAPs) are cleaved from a larger precursor protein and stored in secretion vesicles from which they are released in the extracellular space. Recently, another non‐classical type of bio‐active peptides (NCBAPs) has gained interest. These typically are not secreted but instead appear to be translated from short open reading frames (sORF) and released directly into the cytoplasm. In contrast to CBAPs, these peptides are involved in the regulation of intra‐cellular processes such as transcriptional control, calcium handling and DNA repair. However, bio‐chemical evidence for the translation of sORFs remains elusive. Comprehensive analysis of sORF‐encoded polypeptides (SEPs) is hampered by a number of methodological and biological challenges: the low molecular mass (many 4–10 kDa), the low abundance, transient expression and complications in data analysis. We developed a strategy to address a number of these issues. Our strategy is to exclude false positive identifications. In total sample, we identified 926 peptides originated from 37 known (neuro)peptide precursors in mouse striatum. In addition, four SEPs were identified including NoBody, a SEP that was previously discovered in humans and three novel SEPS from 5′ untranslated transcript regions (UTRs).
Time of metastatic disease presentation and volume of disease are prognostic for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC)
Authors: Francini Edoardo , Gray Kathryn P. , Xie Wanling , Shaw Grace K. , Valença Loana , Bernard Brandon , Albiges Laurence , Harshman Lauren C. , Kantoff Philip W. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , Sweeney Cristopher J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCurrently, there is no universally accepted prognostic classification for patients (pts) with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that pts with low volume (LV), per CHAARTED trial definition, mHSPC, and those who relapse after prior local therapy (PLT) have longer overall survival (OS) compared to high volume (HV) and de‐novo (DN), respectively. Using a hospital‐based registry, we aimed to assess whether a classification based on time of metastatic disease (PLT vs DN) and disease volume (LV vs HV) are prognostic for mHSPC pts treated with ADT.MethodsA retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with mHSPC treated with ADT between 1990 and 2013 was selected from the prospectively collected Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute database and categorized as DN or PLT and HV or LV, at time of ADT start. Primary and secondary endpoints were OS and time to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), respectively, which were measured from date of ADT start using Kaplan‐Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models using known prognostic factors was used.ResultsThe analytical cohort consisted of 436 patients. The median OS and time to CRPC for PLT/LV were 92.4 (95%CI: 80.4‐127.2) and 25.6 (95%CI: 21‐35.7) months and 43.2 (95%CI: 37.2‐56.4) and 12.2 (95%CI: 9.8‐14.8) months for DN/HV, respectively, whereas intermediate values were observed for PLT/HV and DN/LV. A robust gradient for both outcomes was observed (Trend test P < 0.0001) in the four groups. In a multivariable analysis, DN presentation, HV, and cancer‐related pain were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsIn our hospital‐based registry, time of metastatic presentation and disease volume were prognostic for mHSPC pts treated with ADT. This simple prognostic classification system can aid patient counseling and future trial design.
Effects of magnesium chloride on in vitro cholinesterase and ATPase poisoning by organophosphate (chlorpyrifos)
Authors: Ajilore Bamidele S. , Alli Adetayo A. , Oluwadairo Tolulope O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated possible benefits of magnesium ion (as MgCl2) in organophosphorus poisoning targeting its ability to interact with substrates and membrane enzymes. Blood samples collected from volunteered healthy adult by venepuncture into anticoagulant test tubes containing EDTA were separated into plasma and red blood cell and divided into three groups namely: normal, pesticide only (0.25‐2.0 mmol/L chlorpyrifos) and pesticide (0.25‐2.0 mmol/L chlorpyrifos) + 0.1 mol/L MgCl2. Acetylcholinesterase, Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ATPase activities were evaluated. Results showed that Chlorpyrifos significantly (P < .05) reduced the levels of cholinesterase both in plasma and on red blood cells. Red blood cells Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase were also significantly (P < .05) reduced by chlorpyrifos while MgCl2 counteracted effects of chlorpyrifos with significant (P < .05) increase in the levels of cholinesterase, Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase. We concluded that MgCl2 neutralized effects of chlorpyrifos by promoting normal ATPase activities and inhibiting release of acetylcholine from cell.
Accounting for spatially heterogeneous conditions in local‐scale surveillance strategies: case study of the biosecurity insect pest, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch))
Authors: Triska Maggie D , Powell Kevin S , Collins Cassandra , Pearce Inca , Renton Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurveillance strategies are often standardized and completed on grid patterns to detect pest incursions quickly; however, it may be possible to improve surveillance through more targeted observation that accounts for landscape heterogeneity, dispersal and the habitat requirements of the invading organism. We simulated pest spread at a local scale, using grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch)) as a case study, and assessed the influence of incorporating spatial heterogeneity into surveillance compared with current, standard surveillance strategies.RESULTSTime to detection and spread within and beyond the vineyard were reduced by conducting surveys that target sampling effort in soil that is highly suitable for the invading pest in comparison with standard surveillance strategies. However, these outcomes were dependent on the virulence level of phylloxera because phylloxera is a complex pest with multiple genotypes that influence spread and detectability.CONCLUSIONTargeting surveillance strategies based on local‐scale spatial heterogeneity can decrease the time to detection without increasing the survey cost, and surveillance that targets highly suitable soil is the most efficient strategy for detecting new incursions. In addition, combining targeted surveillance strategies with buffer zones and hygiene procedures, and updating surveillance strategies as additional species information becomes available, will further decrease the risk of pest spread. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A Five-Year Study of the Efficacy of Purified CD34+ Cell Therapy for Angiitis-Induced No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia
Authors: Fang Yuan , Wei Zheng , Chen Bin , Pan Tianyue , Gu Shiyang , Liu Peng , Guo Daqiao , Xu Xin , Jiang Junhao , Yang Jue , Shi Zhenyu , Zhu Ting , Shi Yun , Liu Yifan , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Angiitis-induced critical limb ischemia (AICLI) patients constitute a remarkable proportion of no-option critical limb ischemia (CLI) patients. Stem cell therapy has become an innovative and promising option for no-option CLI patients. As one of these promising stem cell therapies, purified CD34+ cell transplantation (PuCeT) has shown favorable short-term results. However, the long-term efficacy of PuCeT has yet to be reported. This study evaluates the long-term efficacy of PuCeT in AICLI patients. Twenty-seven AICLI patients were enrolled from May 2009 to December 2011. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and enoxaparin sodium were administered for 5 days. On day 5, CD34+ cell isolation was performed, and cells were transplanted by intramuscular injection. The primary endpoint, major-amputation-free survival rate (MAFS), as well as secondary endpoints, such as peak pain-free walking time (PPFWT) and the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale score (WFPRSS), were routinely evaluated during the 5-year follow-up period. The endpoints were as follows: the MAFS was 88.89%; PPFWT increased from 3 ± 3 to 17 ± 6 minutes; WFPRSS decreased from 7 ± 2 to 0.3 ± 1.7; the ulcer healing rate was 85.71%; the recurrence rate was 11.11%; and SF-36v2 scores were significantly improved at 5 years after PuCeT. The rate of labor recovery 5 years after PuCeT was 65.38%, and no severe adverse effect was observed during the treatment. PuCeT demonstrated long-term efficacy and durability as a treatment of AICLI not only in achieving limb salvage but also in recovering the labor competence and improving the quality of life of patients.
Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Color‐Multiplexing Test Papers toward Qualitative/Quantitative Assays
Authors: Jiang Changlong , Liu Bianhua , Han Ming‐Yong , Zhang Zhongping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPaper‐based sensors (e.g., pH and pregnancy test papers) are the most promising sensors because analysts prefer on‐site and real‐time/visual detection without the aid of analytical instruments. Herein, advances in the new generation of nanofluorophore‐integrated test papers toward visual qualitative/quantitative assays of universal target species are described. The main aspects of the advances gained from a decade of work are summarized here: i) novel strategies for colorimetric assays on test papers are described by exploiting the paramount advantages of fluorescent nanomaterials, such as wide excitation wavelength, narrow/tunable emission, and surface‐modification flexibility; ii) motivated and driven by the challenges to upgrade the classical test papers, an established library of fluorescent nanoprobes with supersensitive visualizing capability through the molecular engineering of nanomaterial surfaces and the rational design of spectral responses is described, which is aimed at implementing the on‐site and real‐time/visual detection of universal analytes such as explosives, pesticides, food additives, metal ions, and biological molecules; iii) molecularly engineered fluorescent nanoprobes are then formulated into inks for inkjet‐printing test papers, greatly overcoming the technical challenges of test papers in reliability and reproducibility. Finally, a conceptually innovative framework of nanofluorophore‐integrated test papers that enable color‐multiplexing quantitative assays of universal analytes is established.
Managing system obsolescence via multicriteria decision making
Authors: Adetunji Oluwatomi , Bischoff John , Willy Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObsolescence occurs when system elements become outdated, and it leads to operational, logistical, reliability, and cost implications. In the U.S. military, this problem is a result of the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD) departure from Military Specification (MILSPEC) standards in 1994 and transition to the use of Commercial Off the Shelf products. Obsolescence costs the DoD more than $750 million annually. The current risk management tools for obsolescence are based on a quantitative approach that uses cost optimization, and expert judgment is not used as a critical criterion. A review of the literature has revealed that during the design phase of technological systems, there is limited knowledge and a lack of training associated with mitigating obsolescence, and multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods are not currently used to mitigate the risk of obsolescence. Thus, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS, which is a MCDM method) and Monte Carlo simulations are proposed as the foundation for this work. This paper adds to the methodology by introducing an expert judgment criterion. A case study was conducted using military and civilian experts. Expert validation showed that the TOPSIS model successfully identified the best system for mitigating obsolescence. This model can be used by system designers and other decision makers to conduct trade studies in obsolescence management.
Flood frequency analysis: The Bayesian choice
Authors: Gaume Eric 
Published: April 2018

After an introduction to the traditional flood frequency analysis methods, this article discusses their limits and the risks associated with their thoughtless use: overconfidence in the estimated values of flood quantiles or return periods and systematic underestimation of risks. The article then presents and illustrates the added value of modern Bayesian flood frequency inference procedures that are statistically consistent, numerically accurate, and now computationally affordable. The implementation of such methods shows that estimated flood frequencies, based on observed samples of limited size, are generally affected by large uncertainties. This acknowledgement should be an incentive for increasing the size of the analyzed samples through a more systematic use of historic information as well as regional approaches in flood frequency analyses. It also clearly points out that the margin of errors should be considered when using inference results for design or risk assessment purposes. Several pieces of software are now available to conduct Bayesian flood frequency analyses relatively straightforwardly. There is no remaining obstacle to the implementation of these modern approaches in operational hydrological studies.This article is categorized under:Science of Water > MethodsScience of Water > Water Extremes