bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysis in Alkaline Media by All‐in‐One MoS2 with Multifunctional Active Sites
Authors: Anjum Mohsin Ali Raza , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Min Hee , Shin Hyeon Suk , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMoS2 becomes an efficient and durable nonprecious‐metal electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) when it contains multifunctional active sites for water splitting derived from 1T‐phase, defects, S vacancies, exposed Mo edges with expanded interlayer spacings. In contrast to previously reported MoS2‐based catalysts targeting only a single or few of these characteristics, the all‐in‐one MoS2 catalyst prepared herein features all of the above active site types. During synthesis, the intercalation of in situ generated NH3 molecules into MoS2 sheets affords ammoniated MoS2 (A‐MoS2) that predominantly comprises 1T‐MoS2 and exhibits an expanded interlayer spacing. The subsequent reduction of A‐MoS2 results in the removal of intercalated NH3 and H2S to form an all‐in‐one MoS2 with multifunctional active sites mentioned above (R‐MoS2) that exhibits electrocatalytic HER performance in alkaline media superior to those of all previously reported MoS2‐based electrocatalysts. In particular, a hybrid MoS2/nickel foam catalyst outperforms commercial Pt/C in the practically meaningful high‐current region (>25 mA cm−2), demonstrating that R‐MoS2‐based materials can potentially replace Pt catalysts in practical alkaline HER systems.
Plasticizing Silk Protein for On‐Skin Stretchable Electrodes
Authors: Chen Geng , Matsuhisa Naoji , Liu Zhiyuan , Qi Dianpeng , Cai Pingqiang , Jiang Ying , Wan Changjin , Cui Yajing , Leow Wan Ru , Liu Zhuangjian , Gong Suxuan , Zhang Ke‐Qin , Cheng Yuan , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSoft and stretchable electronic devices are important in wearable and implantable applications because of the high skin conformability. Due to the natural biocompatibility and biodegradability, silk protein is one of the ideal platforms for wearable electronic devices. However, the realization of skin‐conformable electronic devices based on silk has been limited by the mechanical mismatch with skin, and the difficulty in integrating stretchable electronics. Here, silk protein is used as the substrate for soft and stretchable on‐skin electronics. The original high Young's modulus (5–12 GPa) and low stretchability (<20%) are tuned into 0.1–2 MPa and > 400%, respectively. This plasticization is realized by the addition of CaCl2 and ambient hydration, whose mechanism is further investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, highly stretchable (>100%) electrodes are obtained by the thin‐film metallization and the formation of wrinkled structures after ambient hydration. Finally, the plasticized silk electrodes, with the high electrical performance and skin conformability, achieve on‐skin electrophysiological recording comparable to that by commercial gel electrodes. The proposed skin‐conformable electronics based on biomaterials will pave the way for the harmonized integration of electronics into human.
Pb–Sn–Cu Ternary Organometallic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Hu Yun , Hu Ke‐Hao , Ye Qing‐Qing , Jain Sagar M. , Yang Ying‐Guo , Gao Xing‐Yu , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExploiting organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with reduced Pb content is very important for developing environment‐friendly photovoltaics. Utilizing of Pb–Sn alloying perovskite is considered as an efficient route to reduce the risk of ecosystem pollution. However, the trade‐off between device performance and Sn substitution ratio due to the instability of Sn2+ is a current dilemma. Here, for the first time, the highly efficient Pb–Sn–Cu ternary PSCs are reported by partial replacing of PbI2 with SnI2 and CuBr2. Sn2+ substitution results in a redshift of the absorption onset, whereas worsens the film quality. Interestingly, Cu2+ introduction can passivate the trap sites at the crystal boundaries of Pb–Sn perovskites effectively. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency as high as 21.08% in inverted planar Pb–Sn–Cu ternary PSCs is approached. The finding opens a new route toward the fabrication of high efficiency Pb–Sn alloying perovskite solar cells by Cu2+ passivation.
Point‐Defect‐Passivated MoS2 Nanosheet‐Based High Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Han Sang A. , Kim Tae‐Ho , Kim Sung Kyun , Lee Kang Hyuck , Park Hye‐Jeong , Lee Ju‐Hyuck , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this work, a sulfur (S) vacancy passivated monolayer MoS2 piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) is demonstrated, and its properties before and after S treatment are compared to investigate the effect of passivating S vacancy. The S vacancies are effectively passivated by using the S treatment process on the pristine MoS2 surface. The S vacancy site has a tendency to covalently bond with S functional groups; therefore, by capturing free electrons, a S atom will form a chemisorbed bond with the S vacancy site of MoS2. S treatment reduces the charge‐carrier density of the monolayer MoS2 surface, thus the screening effect of piezoelectric polarization charges by free carrier is significantly prevented. As a result, the output peak current and voltage of the S‐treated monolayer MoS2 nanosheet PNG are increased by more than 3 times (100 pA) and 2 times (22 mV), respectively. Further, the S treatment increases the maximum power by almost 10 times. The results suggest that S treatment can reduce free‐charge carrier by sulfur S passivation and efficiently prevent the screening effect. Thus, the piezoelectric output peaks of current, voltage, and maximum power are dramatically increased, as compared with the pristine MoS2.
High‐Gain 200 ns Photodetectors from Self‐Aligned CdS–CdSe Core–Shell Nanowalls
Authors: Xu Jinyou , Rechav Katya , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Nevo Iftach , Feldman Yishay , Joselevich Ernesto 
Published: March 2018

Abstract1D core–shell heterojunction nanostructures have great potential for high‐performance, compact optoelectronic devices owing to their high interface area to volume ratio, yet their bottom‐up assembly toward scalable fabrication remains a challenge. Here the site‐controlled growth of aligned CdS–CdSe core–shell nanowalls is reported by a combination of surface‐guided vapor–liquid–solid horizontal growth and selective‐area vapor–solid epitaxial growth, and their integration into photodetectors at wafer‐scale without postgrowth transfer, alignment, or selective shell‐etching steps. The photocurrent response of these nanowalls is reduced to 200 ns with a gain of up to 3.8 × 103 and a photoresponsivity of 1.2 × 103 A W−1, the fastest response at such a high gain ever reported for photodetectors based on compound semiconductor nanostructures. The simultaneous achievement of sub‐microsecond response and high‐gain photocurrent is attributed to the virtues of both the epitaxial CdS–CdSe heterojunction and the enhanced charge‐separation efficiency of the core–shell nanowall geometry. Surface‐guided nanostructures are promising templates for wafer‐scale fabrication of self‐aligned core–shell nanostructures toward scalable fabrication of high‐performance compact photodetectors from the bottom‐up.
Molecule‐Doped Nickel Oxide: Verified Charge Transfer and Planar Inverted Mixed Cation Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhou Yecheng , Wang Linjing , Wu Yinghui , Tu Bao , Yu Binbin , Liu Fangzhou , Tam Ho‐Won , Wang Gan , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Huang Li , He Zhubing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBoth conductivity and mobility are essential to charge transfer by carrier transport layers (CTLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The defects derived from generally used ionic doping method lead to the degradation of carrier mobility and parasite recombinations. In this work, a novel molecular doping of NiOx hole transport layer (HTL) is realized successfully by 2,2′‐(perfluoronaphthalene‐2,6‐diylidene)dimalononitrile (F6TCNNQ). Determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, the Fermi level (EF) of NiOx HTLs is increased from −4.63 to −5.07 eV and valence band maximum (VBM)‐EF declines from 0.58 to 0.29 eV after F6TCNNQ doping. The energy level offset between the VBMs of NiOx and perovskites declines from 0.18 to 0.04 eV. Combining with first‐principle calculations, electrostatic force microscopy is applied for the first time to verify direct electron transfer from NiOx to F6TCNNQ. The average power conversion efficiency of CsFAMA mixed cation PSCs is boosted by ≈8% depending on F6TCNNQ‐doped NiOx HTLs. Strikingly, the champion cell conversion efficiency of CsFAMA mixed cations and MAPbI3‐based devices gets to 20.86% and 19.75%, respectively. Different from passivation effect, the results offer an extremely promising molecular doping method for inorganic CTLs in PSCs. This methodology definitely paves a novel way to modulate the doping in hybrid electronics more than perovskite and organic solar cells.
A Nonaqueous Potassium‐Based Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Device
Authors: Fan Ling , Lin Kairui , Wang Jue , Ma Ruifang , Lu Bingan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA low cost nonaqueous potassium‐based battery–supercapacitor hybrid device (BSH) is successfully established for the first time with soft carbon as the anode, commercialized activated carbon as the cathode, and potassium bis(fluoro‐slufonyl)imide in dimethyl ether as the electrolyte. This BSH reconciles the advantages of potassium ion batteries and supercapacitors, achieving a high energy density of 120 W h kg−1, a high power density of 599 W kg−1, a long cycle life of 1500 cycles, and an ultrafast charge/slow discharge performance (energy density and power density are calculated based on the total mass of active materials in the anode and cathode). This work demonstrates a great potential of applying the nonaqueous BSH for low cost electric energy storage systems.
Coatings and Thin Films for Spacecraft Thermo‐Optical and Related Functional Applications
Authors: Hołyńska Małgorzata , Tighe Adrian , Semprimoschnig Christopher 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn overview of coatings and thin films for spacecraft applications is provided, focusing on coatings for thermal control and optical applications. An outline of the requirements imposed by the harsh conditions in space is given. Space applications of coatings are listed and their qualification is described, including testing in the ESA laboratories at ESTEC. Coatings degradation in space and environmental testing, including degradation due to vacuum, thermal cycling, radiation, atomic oxygen, space debris, and outgassing effects, is covered in detail. Recent advances in the field and perspectives for future development are also reviewed based on the published literature.
Template‐Directed Solidification of Eutectic Optical Materials
Authors: Kulkarni Ashish A. , Kohanek Julia , Tyler Kaitlin I. , Hanson Erik , Kim Dong‐Uk , Thornton Katsuyo , Braun Paul V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMesostructured materials can exhibit enhanced light–matter interactions, which can become particularly strong when the characteristic dimensions of the structure are similar to or smaller than the wavelength of light. For controlling visible to near‐infrared wavelengths, the small characteristic dimensions of the required structures usually demand fabrication by sophisticated lithographic techniques. However, these fabrication methods are restricted to producing 2D and a limited range of 3D structures. When a large volume of structured material is required, the primary approach is to use self‐assembly, and the literature includes many examples of mesostructured optical materials formed via self‐assembly. However, self‐organized materials almost always contain structural imperfections which limit their performance. Emerging work, however, is showing that by performing self‐assembly within a guiding template, the defect density in self‐assembled structures can be reduced. Particularly interesting is the possibility that utilizing a template can result in the formation of mesostructures not present in either the template or the native self‐organizing material. In this review, particular emphasis is placed on emerging results showing the effect of mesoscale templates on the microstructure of solidifying eutectic materials, with a specific focus on how template‐directed solidification may be a powerful approach for fabricating optically active structures, including optical metamaterials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzodifluoroalkylation of Alkynes: A Route to Fluorine‐Containing 1,1‐Diarylethylenes
Authors: Liang Junqing , Huang Guozhi , Peng Peng , Zhang Tianyu , Wu Jingjing , Wu Fanhong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA palladium(0)‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of 2‐iodo‐2,2‐difluoroacetophenones, alkynes and arylboronic acids is introduced for the synthesis of 1‐benzoyldifluoromethyl‐2,2‐diphenylethylenes in good yields and with excellent stereoselectivity. The 1‐benzoyldifluoromethyl‐2,2‐diphenylethylene products synthesized through a radical reaction process are versatile synthons for the construction of various fluorine‐containing compounds, which have antiproliferative activity on human tumor cells.magnified image
Supported Rhodium Nanoparticles Catalyzed Reduction of Nitroarenes, Arylcarbonyls and Aryl/Benzyl Sulfoxides using Ethanol/Methanol as In Situ Hydrogen Source
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Das Pralay 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA facile reduction reaction of nitroarenes, aryl carbonyls and aryl/benzyl sulfoxides was performed under polystyrene supported rhodium (Rh@PS) catalyzed conditions using ethanol/methanol as in situ hydrogen source. The catalyst Rh@PS played a pivotal role in the oxidation of ethanol/methanol in the presence of traces of aerial oxygen and base to produce hydrogen gas, enough for further reduction reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated that the average particle size of the Rh nanoparticles (NPs) lies between 2–3 nm; this is responsible for its high catalytic activity. The advantages of Rh@PS are its catalytic activity, easy preparation, recovery, recyclability for several runs, and low metal leaching during reaction.magnified image
Recent Progress in the Radical Chemistry of Alkylborates and Alkylboronates
Authors: Duan Ke , Yan Xuefeng , Liu Yongjun , Li Zhaodong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe discovery of safe and cost‐effective radical sources, exploration of novel and efficient radical reactions as well as elucidation of reaction mechanisms have been long‐standing goals for the synthetic community. Recently the utilization of alkylborates and alkylboronates as radical sources via transition metal‐catalyzed oxidative deboronation or photocatalyzed deboronative pathways has allowed the development of a wide range of innovative reactions. These methods enable chemists to forge C−C or C−X bonds for many intriguing and valuable chemical transformations. This review examines the recent significant advances in radical functionalization of alkylboronates with emphasis on both synthetic outcome and reaction mechanism.magnified image
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkynyl‐Aryl Hydrazones
Authors: Fan Dongyang , Hu Yanhua , Jiang Feng , Zhang Zhenfeng , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs an update of our continuous interest in the hydrogenation of hydrazones, a chemo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation of alkynyl‐aryl hydrazones was developed using a rhodium complex [Rh((R,Sp)‐JosiPhos)(cod)]SbF6 as the catalyst and benzoic acid as an additive. Directed by a p‐nitrobenzamido group, the chiral propargyl hydrazines, which can be easily converted to chiral propargylamines of significant importance and potential use, were obtained with good yields, excellent chemoselectivities and good to excellent enantioselectivities. Although the enantioselectivity of the reaction and the substrate/catalyst ratio require further refinement, the reported methodology provides an alternative route for the efficient preparation of chiral propargylamines.magnified image
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Halogenated Ketones for the Efficient Construction of Chiral Halohydrins
Authors: Yin Congcong , Wu Weilong , Hu Yang , Tan Xuefeng , You Cai , Liu Yuanhua , Chen Ziyi , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral halogenated ketones was successfully developed to prepare various chiral halohydrins with high reactivities and excellent enantioselectivities under basic reaction condition (up to >99% conversion, 99% yield, >99% ee). Moreover, gram‐scale experiment was performed well in the presence of just 0.005 mol% (S/C=20 000) Ir/f‐amphox catalyst with 99% yield and >99% ee.magnified image
A Density Functional Prediction of the Geometries, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of Nanosize Cage‐Like (InN)2n (n = 6–27, 45, 54) Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Zhao Run‐Ning , Han Ju‐Guang , Duan Yuhua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGeometries and electronic properties of sphere‐like (InN)2n (n = 6–27, 45, 54) nanoclusters are investigated by using density functional theory with the gradient corrected PBE functional and with relativistic effect being taken into account. Interestingly, with increasing the size of nanoclusters, the inner space, averaged radius, the HOMO–LUMO gaps, and the charge transfers of the optimized stable (InN)2n nanocages are generally increased, and the absorption spectra of (InN)2n nanocages vary from long wavelength to short wavelength (blue shift). Such phenomenon reflects indirectly the quantum confinement effect and the remarkable semiconductor‐like behaviors. Particularly, the ionic bonds of surface atoms in nanosize (InN)2n (n = 6–27, 45, 54) cages become gradually dominating chemical bonding with increasing cage‐size n, indicating that large‐size (InN)2n nanocages have a trend to be ionic semiconductors. The calculated results are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental data.
High‐Performance Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Low Temperature, Solution–Combustion‐Based Nickel Oxide Hole Transporting Layer with Efficiency Exceeding 20%
Authors: Liu Ziye , Chang Jingjing , Lin Zhenhua , Zhou Long , Yang Zhou , Chen Dazheng , Zhang Chunfu , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Hao Yue 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNiOx hole transporting layer has been extensively studied in optoelectronic devices. In this paper, the low temperature, solution–combustion‐based method is employed to prepare the NiOx hole transporting layer. The resulting NiOx thin films show better quality and preferable energy alignment with perovskite thin film compared to high temperature sol–gel‐processed NiOx. With this, high‐performance perovskite solar cells are fabricated successfully with power conversion efficiency exceeding 20% using a modified two‐step prepared MA1−yFAyPbI3−xClx perovskite. This efficiency value is among the highest values for NiOx‐based devices. Various characterizations and analyses provide evidence of better film quality, enhanced charge transport and extraction, and suppressed charge recombination. Meanwhile, the device exhibits much better device stability compared to sol–gel‐processed NiOx and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)‐based devices.
Bismuth Microparticles as Advanced Anodes for Potassium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Huang Jiaqiang , Lin Xiuyi , Tan Hong , Zhang Biao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) are important alternatives to lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, microsized a Bi electrode delivers exceptional potassium storage capacity, stability, and rate capability by the formation of an elastic and adhesive oligomer‐containing solid electrolyte interface with the assistance of diglyme electrolytes. The kinetics‐controlled K–Bi phase transitions are unraveled combining electrochemical profiles, in situ X‐ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations. Reversible, stepwise Bi–KBi2–K3Bi2–K3Bi transitions govern the electrochemical processes after the initial continuous surface potassiation. The Bi electrode outperforms the other anode counterparts considering both capacity and potential. This work provides critical insights into the rational design of high‐performance anode materials for KIBs.
3D, Mutually Embedded MOF@Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Networks for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhao Wenqi , Zou Mingchu , Wang Yunsong , Chen Yijun , Xu Lu , Wu Huaisheng , Cao Anyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) hybridized with a conductive matrix could potentially serve as a sulfur host for lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) battery electrodes; so far most of the previously studied hybrid structures are in the powder form or thin compact films. This study reports 3D porous MOF@carbon nanotube (CNT) networks by grafting MOFs with tailored particle size uniformly throughout a CNT sponge skeleton. Growing larger‐size MOF particles to entrap the conductive CNT network yields a mutually embedded structure with high stability, and after sulfur encapsulation, it shows an initial discharge capacity of ≈1380 mA h g−1 (at 0.1 C) and excellent cycling stability with a very low fading rate. Furthermore, owing to the 3D porous network that is suitable for enhanced sulfur loading, a remarkable areal capacity of ≈11 mA h cm−2 (at 0.1 C) is obtained, which is much higher than other MOF‐based hybrid electrodes. The mutually embedded MOF@CNTs with simultaneously high specific capacity, areal capacity, and cycling stability represent an advanced candidate for developing high‐performance Li‐S batteries and other energy storage systems.
Scalable Water‐Based Production of Highly Conductive 2D Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacitance and Rate Capability
Authors: Jeon Hyeonyeol , Jeong Jae‐Min , Kang Heon Gyu , Kim Hyung‐Jin , Park Jeyoung , Kim Do Hyun , Jung Young Mee , Hwang Sung Yeon , Han Young‐Kyu , Choi Bong Gill 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHighly conductive and ultrathin 2D nanosheets are of importance for the development of portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, scalable production and rational design for highly electronic and ionic conductive 2D nanosheets still remain a challenge. Herein, an industrially adoptable fluid dynamic exfoliation process is reported to produce large quantities of ionic liquid (IL)‐functionalized metallic phase MoS2 (m‐MoS2) and defect‐free graphene (Gr) sheets. Hybrid 2D–2D layered films are also fabricated by incorporating Gr sheets into compact m‐MoS2 films. The incorporated IL functionalities and Gr sheets prevent aggregation and restacking of the m‐MoS2 sheets, thereby creating efficient and rapid ion and electron pathways in the hybrid films. The hybrid film with a high packing density of 2.02 g cm−3 has an outstanding volumetric capacitance of 1430.5 F cm−3 at 1 A g−1 and an extremely high rate capability of 80% retention at 1000 A g−1. The flexible supercapacitor assembled using a polymer‐gel electrolyte exhibits excellent resilience to harsh electrochemical and mechanical conditions while maintaining an impressive rate performance and long cycle life. Successful achievement of an ultrahigh volumetric energy density (1.14 W h cm−3) using an organic electrolyte with a wide cell voltage of ≈3.5 V is demonstrated.