bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐homocysteinylation of tau and MAP1 is increased in autopsy specimens of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Authors: Bossenmeyer‐Pourié Carine , Smith A David , Lehmann Sylvain , Deramecourt Vincent , Sablonnière Bernard , Camadro Jean‐Michel , Pourié Grégory , Kerek Racha , Helle Deborah , Umoret Remy , Guéant‐Rodriguez Rosa‐Maria , Rigau Valérie , Gabelle Audrey , Sequeira Jeffrey M , Quadros Edward V , Daval Jean‐Luc , Guéant Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe pathomechanisms that associate a deficit in folate and/or vitamin B12 and the subsequent hyperhomocysteinemia with pathological brain ageing are unclear. We investigated the homocysteinylation of microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia, and in rats depleted in folate and vitamin B12, Cd320 KO mice with selective B12 brain deficiency and H19‐7 neuroprogenitors lacking folate. Compared with controls, N‐homocysteinylated tau and MAP1 were increased and accumulated in protein aggregates and tangles in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of patients and animals. N‐homocysteinylation dissociated tau and MAPs from β‐tubulin, and MS analysis showed that it targets lysine residues critical for their binding to β‐tubulin. N‐homocysteinylation increased in rats exposed to vitamin B12 and folate deficit during gestation and lactation and remained significantly higher when they became 450 days‐old, despite returning to normal diet at weaning, compared with controls. It was correlated with plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and brain expression of methionine tRNAsynthetase (MARS), the enzyme required for the synthesis of Hcy–thiolactone, the substrate of N‐homocysteinylation. Experimental inactivation of MARS prevented the N‐homocysteinylation of tau and MAP1, and the dissociation of tau and MAP1 from β‐tubulin and PSD95 in cultured neuroprogenitors. In conclusion, increased N‐homocysteinylation of tau and MAP1 is a mechanism of brain ageing that depends on Hcy concentration and expression of MARS enzyme. Its irreversibility and cumulative occurrence throughout life may explain why B12 and folate supplementation of the elderly has limited effects, if any, to prevent pathological brain ageing and cognitive decline. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Prospective Assessment of an Adjustable, Immediate Fit, Transtibial Prosthesis
Authors: Dillingham Timothy , Kenia Jessica , Shofer Frances , Marschalek Jim 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThere exists a need for an adjustable socket to accommodate residual limb volume and shape changes. Further, limb loss rates globally are rising and there is a large unmet need for affordable and accessible prosthetic systems.ObjectiveTo assess the utility of an immediate fit modular prosthetic system (iFIT Prosthetics, LLC).DesignProspective feasibility study involving a 2‐week single‐group pre‐post intervention study.SettingPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation gait laboratory.ParticipantsParticipants were at least 6 months post amputation and walking with a conventional prosthesis. They were free of skin wounds, other neurological disorders, and severe pain conditions.MethodsParticipants were fit with an immediate fit prosthesis and instructed to wear it for a 2‐week evaluation period. They were given a progressive wearing schedule and they completed outcome measurements at the 2‐week follow‐up.Main Outcome MeasurementsSelf‐reported satisfaction, gait biomechanics, and intrasocket peak pressures.ResultsTwenty‐six participants entered the study, with 22 completing the single group pre‐post study. They averaged 50 years (SD ±10.2) of age; four were female. Sixteen were dysvascular and 10 were traumatic in etiology. Significant differences (P = .03) in self‐reported satisfaction were found in favor of the iFIT device 29.33 (SD ± 4.51) versus the conventional device 25.52 (SD ± 6.8). No falls or limb ischemia were reported. Gait biomechanics revealed no differences across any temporal characteristics. Intrasocket peak pressures were significantly lower for the iFIT prostheses overall (P = .0014), at the anterior tibia (P = .0002), and the lateral side of the residual limb (P = .013).ConclusionsThe iFIT transtibial prosthetic system appears to be safe in this short‐term single‐group pre‐post study. This study provided preliminary evidence to support the feasibility of the iFIT system. It compared favorably to participants' conventional prostheses across all outcome measures. With its cost, adjustability, and accessibility advantages, this device may prove useful for persons with transtibial amputations. A larger multicenter study is needed to confirm these results.Level of EvidenceIII
Probing interfacial interactions of nafion ionomer: Thermal expansion of nafion thin films on substrates of different hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity
Authors: Zhang Chi , Davies Michael , Karan Kunal 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTInterfacial interactions of Nafion ionomer with superhydrophilic (Pt, Au), hydrophilic (SiO2), and hydrophobic (graphene, octyltrichlorosilane [OTS]‐modified SiO2) is investigated, using in situ thermal ellipsometry, by quantification of substrate‐ and thickness‐dependent thermal properties of the ultrathin Nafion films of nominal thickness ranging 25–135 nm. For sub‐50 nm thin Nafion films, the thermal expansion coefficient of films decreased in the order of most hydrophobic to most hydrophilic substrate: OTS > graphene > SiO2 > Au > Pt, implying weaker interpolymer and polymer–substrate interactions for films on hydrophobic substrates. Expansion coefficient of films on SiO2, graphene, and OTS‐modified SiO2 decreased with thickness whereas that of films on Au and Pt substrates increased with thickness. Above ~100 nm of thickness, films on all substrates converged toward a common value representative of bulk Nafion. Thermal transition temperature was found to be higher for films on hydrophilic SiO2 than that for films on hydrophobic graphene and OTS‐modified SiO2 but was not discernible for films on Au and Pt substrates. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 343–352
Oncology patient preferences for depression care: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Hobden Breanne , Turon Heidi , Bryant Jamie , Wall Laura , Brown Scott , Sanson‐Fisher Rob 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveUsing a vignette‐style DCE in a sample of oncology patients, this study explored: (1) the relative influence of the patient's level of concern about their depression on preferences for care, (2) the relative influence of depression severity according to a mental health checklist on preferred treatment‐seeking options, and (3) whether patient age and gender were associated with depression care preference.MethodsA discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey of cancer patients was conducted. Hypothetical vignettes to elicit care preferences were created using two attributes: the cancer patient's level of concern about depression (a little or a great deal) and results of a mental health checklist (not depressed or very depressed). Three response options for care preferences were presented, including a self‐directed approach, shared care approach, and clinician‐directed referral approach. Participants chose their most and least preferred options.ResultsA total of 281 cancer patients completed the survey. There was a significant association between level of concern and the most preferred option. Those with a great deal of concern about depression preferred to receive referral from their clinician more than those with a little concern about depression. Males were significantly more likely to select a self‐directed approach as their most preferred option.ConclusionsAn oncology patient's level of concern about depression may influence the type of care they want to receive from their cancer doctor for depression. This finding has implications for depression screening in clinical practice.
Mutagenesis of GPR139 reveals ways to create gain or loss of function receptors
Authors: Wang Lien , Lee Grace , Shih Amy , Kuei Chester , Nepomuceno Diane , Wennerholm Michelle , Fan Frances , Wu Jiejun , Bonaventure Pascal , Lovenberg Timothy W. , Liu Changlu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGPR139 is a Gq‐coupled receptor activated by the essential amino acids L‐tryptophan (L‐Trp) and L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe). We carried out mutagenesis studies of the human GPR139 receptor to identify the critical structural motifs required for GPR139 activation. We applied site‐directed and high throughput random mutagenesis approaches using a double addition normalization strategy to identify novel GPR139 sequences coding receptors that have altered sensitivity to endogenous ligands. This approach resulted in GPR139 clones with gain‐of‐function, reduction‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function mutations. The agonist pharmacology of these mutant receptors was characterized and compared to wild‐type receptor using calcium mobilization, radioligand binding, and protein expression assays. The structure‐activity data were incorporated into a homology model which highlights that many of the gain‐of‐function mutations are either in or immediately adjacent to the purported orthosteric ligand binding site, whereas the loss‐of‐function mutations were largely in the intracellular G‐protein binding area or were disrupters of the helix integrity. There were also some reduction‐of‐function mutations in the orthosteric ligand binding site. These findings may not only facilitate the rational design of novel agonists and antagonists of GPR139, but also may guide the design of transgenic animal models to study the physiological function of GPR139.
Assessment of neuropeptide binding sites and the impact of biostable kinin and CAP2b analogue treatment on aphid (Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum rosae) stress tolerance
Authors: Alford Lucy , Marley Richard , Dornan Anthony , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Dow Julian AT , Nachman Ronald J , Davies Shireen A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeuropeptides are regulators of critical life processes in insects and, due to their high specificity, represent potential targets in the development of greener insecticidal agents. Fundamental to this drive is understanding neuroendocrine pathways that control key physiological processes in pest insects and the screening of potential analogues. The current study investigated neuropeptide binding sites of kinin and CAPA (CAPA‐1) in the aphids Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum rosae and the effect of biostable analogues on aphid fitness under conditions of desiccation, starvation and thermal (cold) stress.RESULTSM. persicae and M. rosae displayed identical patterns of neuropeptide receptor mapping along the gut, with the gut musculature representing the main target for kinin and CAPA‐1 action. While kinin receptor binding was observed in the brain and VNC of M. persicae, this was not observed in M. rosae. Furthermore, no CAPA‐1 receptor binding was observed in the brain and VNC of either species. CAP2b/PK analogues (with CAPA receptor cross‐activity) were most effective in reducing aphid fitness under conditions of desiccation and starvation stress, particularly analogues 1895 (2Abf‐Suc‐FGPRLa) and 2129 (2Abf‐Suc‐ATPRIa), which expedited aphid mortality. All analogues, with the exception of 2139‐Ac, were efficient at reducing aphid survival under cold stress, although were equivalent in the strength of their effect.CONCLUSIONIn demonstrating the effects of analogues belonging to the CAP2b neuropeptide family and key analogue structures that reduce aphid fitness under stress conditions, this research will feed into the development of second generation analogues and ultimately the development of neuropeptidomimetic‐based insecticidal agents. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A case‐study of cold‐air pool evolution in hilly terrain using field measurements from COLPEX
Authors: Jemmett‐Smith Bradley C. , Ross Andrew N. , Sheridan Peter F. , Hughes John K. , Vosper Simon B. 
Published: February 2019

A case‐study investigation of cold‐air pool (CAP) evolution in hilly terrain is conducted using field measurements made during IOP 16 of the COLd‐air Pool EXperiment (COLPEX). COLPEX was designed to study cold‐air pooling in small‐scale valleys typical of the UK (∼100–200 m deep, ∼1 km wide). The synoptic conditions during IOP 16 are typical of those required for CAPs to form during the night, with high pressure, clear skies and low ambient winds. Initially a CAP forms around sunset and grows uninterrupted for several hours. However, starting 4 hr after sunset, a number of interruptions to this steady cooling rate occur. Three episodes are highlighted from the observations and the cause of disruption attributed to (a) wave activity, in the form of gravity waves and/or Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability, (b) increases in the above‐valley winds resulting from the development of a nocturnal low‐level jet (NLLJ), (c) shear‐induced mixing resulting from instability of the NLLJ. A weakly stable residual layer provides the conditions for wave activity during Episode 1. This residual layer is eroded by a developing NLLJ from the top down during Episode 2. The sustained increase in winds at hill‐top levels – attributed to the NLLJ – continue to disrupt the CAP through Episode 3. Although cooling is interrupted, the CAP is never completely eroded during the night. Complete CAP break‐up occurs some 3.5 hr after local sunrise. This case‐study highlights a number of meteorological phenomena that can disrupt CAP evolution even in ideal CAP conditions. These processes are unlikely to be sufficiently represented by current operational weather forecast models and can be challenging even for high‐resolution research models.
Coded transmissions for space links affected by solar scintillation: Baseband analysis
Authors: Baldi Marco , Chiaraluce Franco , Maturo Nicola , Ricciutelli Giacomo , Ardito Alessandro , Barbaglio Francesco , Finocchiaro Stefano , Simone Lorenzo , Abelló Ricard , De Vicente Javier , Mercolino Mattia 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA thorough analysis of the behavior of error‐correcting codes over space links affected by solar scintillation is presented. The relevant channel parameters are fixed through the development of a model based on real missions' data. Both telecommand and telemetry links are considered in fast and slow fading conditions. Besides classical coherent modulation schemes, the possibility to use noncoherent modulation schemes is considered, to eliminate the problem of phase tracking. For the case of channels with very slow fading, the use of external interleavers or erasure coding is proposed to cope with error bursts.
Critically engaging engineering in place by localizing counternarratives in engineering design
Authors: Nazar Christina Restrepo , Barton Angela Calabrese , Morris Caleb , Tan Edna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this manuscript, we use the construct of critical epistemologies of place to frame our exploration of how to support engineering design among youth who have historically been marginalized from the domain, and its implications for educational settings. We present an in‐depth longitudinal case study of one 12‐year‐old African American boy to raise questions of what it means for this youth to engage in engineering design in collaboration with the people around in him—experts and knowledgeable others in his community space and how this engagement supports his work in science and engineering. This study suggests that engaging engineering design through a critical epistemology of place involves an iterative and generative process of layering community wisdom and knowledge onto STEM toward (a) how epistemologies of place—and their layers—challenge dominant master narratives, (b) reimagining practices in place, and (c) transforming the dangerous territory of STEM. Our study expands upon current understandings of supporting youth in engaging engineering through highlighting the vital role of sociohistorically constructed understandings of STEM and community in determining when, how, and why engineering takes place.
Conjugated Macrocycle Polymer Nanoparticles with Alternating Pillarenes and Porphyrins as Struts and Cyclic Nodes
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xi , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConjugated macrocycle polymers (CMPs) integrated using the macrocyclic confinement effect make imposing restrictions feasible on the growth of metal nanoparticles with confined size and high dispersion. For a proof‐of‐concept exploration, a novel nanoscale CMP is reported, denoted as DMP[5]‐TPP‐CMP, comprising two representative types of macrocyclic compounds, i.e., pillararene and porphyrin, as alternating strut/node components in the skeleton. With abundant anchoring sites, CMP implanted with Pd nanoparticles (Pd@DMP[5]‐TPP‐CMP, Pd@CMP for short) is successfully obtained through a simple post‐treatment, exhibiting remarkable catalytic activity in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) and nitrophenol reduction. The as‐prepared Pd@CMP material shows favorable performance in expediting the process of SMC with an appreciable yield even under mild conditions, as well as in facilitating the electron transfer process from borohydride to nitrophenol through metal–hydride complex to produce aminophenol with a very short transformation time of 3 min and superior apparent kinetic rate constant k
app of 1.9 × 10−2 s−1, higher than most palladium supports. Significantly, this multifunctional Pd@CMP composite material not only enriches the family of CMPs, but also sheds light on the development of green catalysts with excellent stability and easy recyclability without deactivation.
Rod‐Like Sb2MoO6: Structure Evolution and Sodium Storage for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Li , Liao Hanxiao , Tian Ye , Hong Wanwan , Cai Peng , Liu Cheng , Yang Yingchang , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBimetallic oxides of different metal species and well‐defined nanostructure could lead to a new generation of polymetallic oxide in the energy storage field. Exceptional 1D nanostructured materials are favorable in the electronic transmission of the kinetic processes and confinement effects of electronic structures deriving from the nanoscale dimensions. In this work, an Sb2MoO6 nanorod is successfully prepared for the first time through a facile metathesis reaction process. Then, a thin polyaniline (PANI) layer is coated via the in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline. The Sb2MoO6‐based nanorods are first utilized as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Benefiting from the synergistic effect of PANI coating and 1D nanostructure, the Sb2MoO6@PANI nanorod electrode presents enhanced sodium storage performances, and a reversible specific capacity of 370.2 mAh g−1 can be retained after 100 cycles. Ex situ electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to study the evolution process, demonstrating that the PANI coating can alleviate the pulverization of the rod structure and reflect better cycle stability. This work reveals the sodium storage activity of novel Sb2MoO6 nanorods and proposes an efficient strategy to promote its electrochemical properties; it is in great favor of extending the development of anode materials for SIBs.
Verification of performance criteria using shake table testing for the vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Mwafy Aman , Almorad Bashir 
Published: February 2019

SummaryShake table experiments are conducted to support the selection of performance criteria and to verify the inelastic modeling approach for developing the fragility functions of reinforced concrete buildings. Two frames representing the lateral force‐resisting system of a preseismic code building are tested under the effect of an earthquake record with increasing severity. Shear failure is detected in columns at a PGA of 1.28g before other failure modes, which was effectively predicted by the fiber‐based numerical model, performance criteria, and shear supply approaches adopted for vulnerability assessment. Five buildings, ranging from 2 to 40 stories, are then assessed under the effect of far‐field and near‐source earthquake records, considering the experimentally verified modeling approach and shear failure prediction models that account for flexural ductility and shear‐axial force interaction. The impact of considering shear response on the vulnerability assessment results is considerable, particularly for the lower‐height wall structures when subjected to the near‐source earthquake scenario. Higher modes dominate the behavior of wall structures, principally under the latter seismic scenario, and shift their response to shear‐controlled. Therefore, seismic scenario‐structure‐based performance criteria are adopted for developing a range of analytically derived, experimentally verified fragility functions for the earthquake loss estimation of buildings with different characteristics.
A proposal for a standardised protocol to barcode all land plants
Authors: Chase Mark W. , Cowan Robyn S. , Hollingsworth Peter M. , van den Berg Cassio , Madriñán Santiago , Petersen Gitte , Seberg Ole , Jørgsensen Tina , Cameron Kenneth M. , Carine Mark , Pedersen Niklas , Hedderson Terry A.J. , Conrad Ferozah , Salazar Gerardo A. , Richardson James E. , Hollingsworth Michelle L. , Barraclough Timothy G. , Kelly Laura , Wilkinson Mike 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe propose in this paper to use three regions of plastid DNA as a standard protocol for barcoding all land plants. We review the other markers that have been proposed and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The low levels of variation in plastid DNA make three regions necessary; there are no plastid regions, coding or non‐coding, that evolve as rapidly as mitochondrial DNA generally does in animals. We outline two, three‐region options, (1) rpoC1, rpoB and 1matK or (2) rpoC1, matK and psbA‐trnH as viable markers for land plant barcoding.
Babcock revisited: new insights into generic delimitation and character evolution inCrepisL. (Compositae: Cichorieae) from ITS andmatKsequence data
Authors: Enke Neela , Gemeinholzer Birgit 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn 1947 Babcock published his widely acknowledged monograph of the genusCrepisL. including a sectional classification of the species as well as extensive hypotheses about character evolution. To reinvestigate Babcock's evolutionary hypotheses and the generic delimitation ofCrepisL. a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using ITS and chloroplastmatKsequence data. The results revealedCrepisL. to be polyphyletic. A monophyletic clade including Central Asian and North American species ofCrepissect.Ixeridopsisis clearly isolated fromCrepiss.str. and, as also supported by additional morphological evidence, needs to be transferred to the genusAskelliaWeber (1984). A second clade comprising the generaLapsanaL. andRhagadiolusJuss. as well as a statistically strongly supported clade of severalCrepisspecies is sister to a third clade: the monophyleticCrepiss.str. WithinCrepiss.str. the molecular data does not support Babcock's sectional delimitation which is mainly based on his hypotheses about karyotype evolution. Hence, morphological and karyological characters are re‐assessed with regard to the molecular phylogeny.