bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience in commissioning the halcyon linac
Authors: Netherton Tucker , Li Yuting , Gao Song , Klopp Ann , Balter Peter , Court Laurence E , Scheuermann Ryan , Kennedy Chris , Dong Lei , Metz James , Mihailidis Dimitris , Ling Clifton , Young Lee Mu , Constantin Magdalena , Thompson Stephen , Kauppinen Juha , Uusitalo Pekka 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis manuscript describes the experience of two institutions in commissioning the new HalcyonTM platform. Its purpose is to: (a) validate the pre‐defined beam data, (b) compare relevant commissioning data acquired independently by two separate institutions, and (c) report on any significant differences in commissioning between the Halcyon linear accelerator and other medical linear accelerators.MethodsExtensive beam measurements, testing of mechanical and imaging systems, including the multi‐leaf collimator (MLC), were performed at the two institutions independently. The results were compared with published recommendations as well. When changes in standard practice were necessitated by the design of the new system, the efficacy of such changes was evaluated as compared to published approaches (guidelines or vendor documentation).ResultsGiven the proper choice of detectors, good agreement was found between the respective experimental data and the treatment planning system calculations, and between independent measurements by the two institutions. MLC testing, MV imaging, and mechanical system showed unique characteristics that are different from the traditional C‐arm linacs. Although the same methodologies and physics equipment can generally be used for commissioning the Halcyon, some adaptation of previous practices and development of new methods were also necessary.ConclusionsWe have shown that the vendor pre‐loaded data agree well with the independent measured ones during the commission process. This verifies that a data validation instead of a full‐data commissioning process may be a more efficient approach for the Halcyon. Measurement results could be used as a reference for future Halcyon users.
Measuring individual differences in task‐related motivation in children and adolescents: Development and validation of a new self‐report measure
Authors: Morsink Sarah , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Van der Oord Saskia , Van Dessel Jeroen , Lemiere Jurgen , Danckaerts Marina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTask characteristics can alter motivation. Understanding how individuals respond to these characteristics is important in understanding how to adapt tasks to increase engagement of individuals with mental health problems. We describe the development of a self‐report questionnaire quantifying individual differences in task‐related motivation—The Child and Adolescent Motivational Profile (CHAMP). We explore the association with externalizing/internalizing problems.MethodsA 64‐item prototype scale was designed to measure how children and adolescents perceive the motivational significance of a range of task characteristics (n = 688; age range: 8–16 years). Parents completed the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire” measuring externalizing and internalizing problems (Van Widenfelt, Goedhart, Treffers & Goodman, 2003).ResultsExploratory factor analysis identified eight distinct task characteristics that affected motivation: (a) requiring focus, (b) predictable, (c) marked/graded, (d) rewarded, (e) socially evaluated, (f) cognitively challenging, (g) competitive, and (h) collaborative. A 32‐item scale based on these factors was constructed. Internal consistency of each factor was high (Cronbach's alpha: .79–.91), and test–retest reliability was acceptable (SBC = .43–.65). Externalizing and internalizing problems were associated with a distinct motivational profile.ConclusionThese results highlight the multidimensional nature of children and adolescents' task‐related motivation for tasks and the differential links to internalizing and externalizing problems.
Physiological polyspermy: Selection of a sperm nucleus for the development of diploid genomes in amphibians
Authors: Iwao Yasuhiro , Kimoto Chihiro , Fujimoto Ayaka , Suda Asuka , Hara Yuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe union between a sperm and an egg nucleus in egg fertilization is necessary to mix genetic materials to create a new diploid genome for the next generation. In most animals, only one sperm is incorporated into the egg (monospermy), but several animals exhibit physiological polyspermy in which several sperms enter the egg during normal fertilization. However, only one sperm nucleus forms the zygote nucleus with the egg nucleus, even in a polyspermic egg. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the selection of sperm nuclei in the egg cytoplasm have been well investigated in urodele amphibians. The principal sperm nucleus develops a larger sperm aster and contacts the egg nucleus to form a zygote nucleus, whereas other accessory sperm nuclei are unable to approach the egg nucleus. The diploid zygote nucleus induces cleavage and participates in embryonic development, whereas the accessory sperm nuclei undergo pyknosis and degenerate. We propose several models to account for the mechanisms of the selection of one sperm nucleus and the degeneration of accessory sperm nuclei. The roles of physiological polyspermy in animal reproduction are discussed by comparison with other polyspermic species.
Observations of American Shad Alosa sapidissima Approaching and Using a Vertical Slot Fishway at the Head-of-Tide Brunswick Dam on the Androscoggin River, Maine
Authors: Weaver Daniel M. , Brown Michael , Zydlewski Joseph D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
American Shad Alosa sapidissima have historically supported an important fishery along the Atlantic coastal waters of North America. However, the construction of dams reduced populations and restricted landings. Fishways are intended to mitigate obstacles to anadromous fish migrations, but a thorough evaluation of their efficiency is warranted. We analyzed data collected from video recordings, hydropower turbine operations, and telemetry conducted by the Maine Department of Marine Resources to evaluate American Shad behavior while approaching and using a vertical slot fishway at the head-of-tide Brunswick Dam on the Androscoggin River in Maine. American Shad passage at the dam has been poor, ranging from 0 to 1,100 fish per year, relative to passage at other facilities in the region. Additionally, our observations indicate that there are relatively high numbers of American Shad present downstream in the river (averaging 50,000) compared with the entrance of the fishway or its pools (&lt;8,000). On average, the rates of observed American Shad on the side of the river near the fishway entrance were significantly higher (6.5–8.6 individuals/min) when the turbine closest to the entrance of the fishway was not operating compared with when it was operating (4.1 individuals/min). Most of the radio-tagged American Shad remained in the river below the dam or went undetected. Eleven of 57 tagged fish were detected at the fishway entrance and of those only five were detected in the lower fishway. Individuals that were detected were observed making multiple attempts at entering the fishway, but movements were restricted to the lower pools. Our results suggest that this fishway is not conducive to the passage of American Shad. Examining the relationship between hydropower operations and other environmental variables on the behavior and passage of migrating anadromous fish remain an area for further study.
Evaluation of an accelerometer‐based digital health system for the treatment of female urinary incontinence: A pilot study
Authors: Rosenblatt Peter , McKinney Jessica , Rosenberg Robert A. , Iglesias Raymon J. , Sutherland Robin C. , Pulliam Samantha J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the effectiveness and patient satisfaction of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) guided by an intravaginal accelerometer‐based system for the treatment of female urinary incontinence (UI).MethodsPremenopausal women with mild‐to‐moderate stress or mixed UI were recruited to participate in PFMT with an accelerometer‐based system for 6 weeks with supervision. Objective outcomes included pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction duration, number of contractions in 15 seconds, and angular displacement of the accelerometer relative to earth during PFM contraction. Subjective outcomes and quality‐of‐life were assessed with validated, condition‐specific questionnaires. Results are presented as means, standard error of the mean, and 95% confidence intervals unless otherwise indicated.ResultsTwenty‐three women (age 42.0 ± 10.7 years, mean ± standard deviation) completed the study. Scores on the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) decreased from 36.7 ± 4.7 at baseline to 1.45 ± 0.8 at 6 weeks (P < .0001). The Patient's Global Impression of Severity score decreased from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 0.2 ± 0.1 (P < .0001) at study endpoint. At 6 weeks, the PFM contraction duration increased from 13 ± 2.6 at baseline to 187 ± 9.6 seconds (P < .0001). Repeated contractions in 15 seconds increased from 5.9 ± 0.4 at enrollment to 9.6 ± 0.5 at 6 weeks (P < .0001). Maximum pelvic floor angle (a measure of lift) increased from 65.1 ± 2.0° to 81.1 ± 1.8° (P < .0001). Increasing PFM contraction duration and maximum pelvic floor angle correlated with decreasing UDI‐6 scores, r = −0.87, P = .01; r = −0.97, P = .0003, respectively. No device‐related adverse events occurred.ConclusionsPilot testing of this accelerometer‐based system demonstrates improvements in objective PFM measures, patient‐reported UI severity and condition‐specific quality of life, with results evident after 1 week of use.
Long‐term outcome and symptom improvement in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome with or without regular follow‐up and treatment
Authors: Yeh Hui‐Ling , Jhang Jia‐Fong , Kuo Yuh‐Chen , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic disease, which is difficult to treat. Patients usually seek for new therapies and might not follow‐up regularly. This study investigated long‐term symptom changes in patients with IC/BPS, especially in those who were lost to follow‐up.MethodsWe enrolled patients with IC/BPS with a history of >5 years and having comprehensive medical records, baseline IC symptom index and IC problem index, O'Leary‐Sant symptom score, and visual analog scale (VAS). A telephone interview was conducted to assess current symptoms with the same questionnaires. A 5‐point scale (from −1 to 3) was used to grade current treatment outcomes.ResultsA total of 198 patients with IC/BPS with a mean age of 57.4 ± 12.2 years were included. At a mean follow‐up duration of 16.6 ± 9.75 years, 12% of the patients were free of symptoms and 47% exhibited symptom improvement of more than 50%. Totally, 47 (23.7%) patients were lost to follow‐up for >5 years, and 151 (76.3%) had a regular follow‐up. The patients with IC/BPS who were not regularly followed up had no Hunner's lesion, and had a higher bladder volume (P = .023), higher urine flow (P = .019), and fewer comorbidities (P = .014) than those who had a regular follow‐up. The number of treatment modalities was significantly less in the patients who were lost to follow‐up (P = .037).ConclusionsAbout half of the patients with IC/BPS exhibited symptom improvement with time, with or without regular follow‐up and receiving a new treatment.
Psychosocial work environment and cross‐cultural competence among native and foreign‐born registered nurses
Authors: Wesołowska Karolina , Elovainio Marko , Gluschkoff Kia , Hietapakka Laura , Kaihlanen Anu‐Marja , Lehtoaro Salla , Heponiemi Tarja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCross‐cultural competence is an essential component of the nursing profession, but little is known about the specific psychosocial work characteristics that potentially promote or hinder such competence. In the present study, psychosocial work characteristics were based on Karasek's Job Demand—Control Model. The researchers examined whether Karasek's psychosocial work characteristics, such as high‐strain jobs, high‐strain isolated jobs, active jobs, and active collective jobs, are associated with cross‐cultural competence (empathy, skills, positive attitudes, and motivation), and whether there are differences between native and foreign‐born registered nurses (RN) in these potential associations. A random sample of 744 native RNs (91.0% women) and a total sample (n = 212) of foreign‐born RNs (94.3% women) working in Finland were used. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with a series of multiple linear regression analyses. High‐strain and high‐strain isolated jobs were negatively associated with all four dimensions of cross‐cultural competence. Active collective jobs, but not active jobs, were positively associated with cross‐cultural skills. There were no differences between native and migrant nurses in these associations. The psychosocial work environment is associated with cross‐cultural competence in both native and migrant nurses. Improvements in psychosocial working conditions, especially minimizing negative factors in the work environment, such as high‐strain and high‐strain isolated jobs, may need to be considered as a part of the efforts aimed to enhance cross‐cultural competence among nursing personnel.
Retrospective analysis of children with high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following complete remission with initial induction chemotherapy in the AML‐05 clinical trial
Authors: Hyakuna Nobuyuki , Hashii Yoshiko , Ishida Hiroyuki , Umeda Katsutsugu , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Nagasawa Masayuki , Yabe Hiromasa , Nakazawa Yozo , Koh Katsuyoshi , Goto Hiroaki , Fujisaki Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Kakuda Harumi , Yano Michihiro , Tawa Akio , Tomizawa Daisuke , Taga Takashi , Adachi Souichi , Kato Koji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the AML‐05 clinical trial conducted by the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Group from 2006 to 2010, children with high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia (HR AML) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) at first complete remission (CR1). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of allo‐HSCT on the outcome of HR AML. Patients with either monosomy 7, 5q−, t(16;21), Ph1, FLT3‐ITD, or induction failure after the first course of chemotherapy were eligible for transplant. Of 53 children with HR AML, 51 received allo‐HSCT—45 in CR1, five in CR2, and one with non‐CR. t(8;21), t(9;11), and t(16;21) abnormalities were identified in eight, five, and four patients, respectively. The stem cell sources varied—bone marrow in 30 patients, peripheral blood in three, and cord blood in 18. The median follow‐up was 62 months. The overall survival (OS) rates at 3 years were 73% and 25% for patients who received transplant at CR1 and ≥CR2, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that patients with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) had better OS. This study supports that allo‐HSCT is a suitable treatment for HR AML in CR1. The favorable outcome associated with cGVHD indicates that a graft‐versus‐leukemia effect might be occurring.
Mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial transcription
Authors: Bouda Emilie , Stapon Anthony , Garcia‐Diaz Miguel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNumerous age‐related human diseases have been associated with deficiencies in cellular energy production. Moreover, genetic alterations resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction are the cause of inheritable disorders commonly known as mitochondrial diseases. Many of these deficiencies have been directly or indirectly linked to deficits in mitochondrial gene expression. Transcription is an essential step in gene expression and elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in this process is critical for understanding defects in energy production. For the past five decades, substantial efforts have been invested in the field of mitochondrial transcription. These efforts have led to the discovery of the main protein factors responsible for transcription as well as to a basic mechanistic understanding of the transcription process. They have also revealed various mechanisms of transcriptional regulation as well as the links that exist between the transcription process and downstream processes of RNA maturation. Here, we review the knowledge gathered in early mitochondrial transcription studies and focus on recent findings that shape our current understanding of mitochondrial transcription, posttranscriptional processing, as well as transcriptional regulation in mammalian systems.
The novel butenolide pesticide flupyradifurone does not alter responsiveness to sucrose at either acute or chronic short‐term field‐realistic doses in the honey bee, Apis mellifera
Authors: Bell Heather Christine , Benavides Jaime Edilberto , Montgomery Corina Noelle , Navratil Jennifer Rose Evershed , Nieh James Charles 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSublethal exposure to neonicotinoids, a popular class of agricultural pesticides, can lead to behavioral effects that impact the health of pollinators. Therefore, new compounds, such as flupyradifurone (FPF), have recently been developed as ‘safer’ alternatives. FPF is an excitotoxic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, similar to neonicotinoids. Given the novelty of FPF, what data exist are focused mostly on assessing the effect of FPF on pollinator mortality. One important avenue for investigation is the potential effect of FPF on the sensitivity of nectar foragers, such as Apis mellifera, to sucrose concentrations. Neonicotinoids can alter this sucrose responsiveness and disrupt foraging. Compounding this effect, neonicotinoid‐containing solutions are preferred by A. mellifera over pure sucrose solutions. We therefore conducted four studies, administering FPF under both acute and chronic conditions, and at field‐realistic and higher than field‐realistic doses, to assess the influence of FPF exposure on sucrose responsiveness and sucrose solutions with FPF in A. mellifera nectar foragers.RESULTSWe found no evidence that FPF exposure under acute or chronic field‐realistic conditions significantly altered sucrose responsiveness, and we did not find that bees exposed to FPF consumed more of the solution. However, at the much higher median lethal dose (48 h), among bees that survived, FPF‐exposed foragers responded to significantly lower concentrations of sucrose than controls and responded at significantly higher rates to all concentrations of sucrose than controls.CONCLUSIONWe found no evidence that FPF alters the sucrose responsiveness of nectar foragers at field‐realistic doses during winter or early spring, but caution and further investigation are warranted, particularly on the effects of FPF in conjunction with other stressors. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Reference‐based sensitivity analysis for time‐to‐event data
Authors: Atkinson Andrew , Kenward Michael G. , Clayton Tim , Carpenter James R. 
Published: July 2019

The analysis of time‐to‐event data typically makes the censoring at random assumption, ie, that—conditional on covariates in the model—the distribution of event times is the same, whether they are observed or unobserved (ie, right censored). When patients who remain in follow‐up stay on their assigned treatment, then analysis under this assumption broadly addresses the de jure, or “while on treatment strategy” estimand. In such cases, we may well wish to explore the robustness of our inference to more pragmatic, de facto or “treatment policy strategy,” assumptions about the behaviour of patients post‐censoring.This is particularly the case when censoring occurs because patients change, or revert, to the usual (ie, reference) standard of care. Recent work has shown how such questions can be addressed for trials with continuous outcome data and longitudinal follow‐up, using reference‐based multiple imputation. For example, patients in the active arm may have their missing data imputed assuming they reverted to the control (ie, reference) intervention on withdrawal. Reference‐based imputation has two advantages: (a) it avoids the user specifying numerous parameters describing the distribution of patients' postwithdrawal data and (b) it is, to a good approximation, information anchored, so that the proportion of information lost due to missing data under the primary analysis is held constant across the sensitivity analyses. In this article, we build on recent work in the survival context, proposing a class of reference‐based assumptions appropriate for time‐to‐event data. We report a simulation study exploring the extent to which the multiple imputation estimator (using Rubin's variance formula) is information anchored in this setting and then illustrate the approach by reanalysing data from a randomized trial, which compared medical therapy with angioplasty for patients presenting with angina.
Change in fish community composition following weir removal, field observations, and physical habitat simulations
Authors: Im Dongkyun , Choi Byungwoong , Choi Sung‐Uk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe number of untended weirs has increased in Korea in recent years due to land use changes. The removal of abandoned weirs in streams has been attempted following an agreement between local government and residents. The Gongneung Weir‐2 was built for irrigation in the 1970s and was removed in 2006. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the removal of Gongneung Weir‐2 on the composition of the fish community. The study area was a 900‐m‐long reach in the Gongneung‐cheon River in Korea, and Gongneung Weir‐2 was located in the middle of the reach. Before weir removal, field monitoring revealed that five fish species were dominant and accounted for more than 80% of the entire fish community. The composition of the fish community changed significantly after weir removal. Lotic fish became dominant after weir removal, whereas lentic fish were dominant prior to weir removal. Physical habitat simulations (PHSs) for individual dominant fish species were carried out. For the PHS, the River2D model and the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system method were used for hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. The distributions of the highly suitable portion for each fish species were identified before and after weir removal. The PHS successfully predicted changes in the composition of the fish community after weir removal. The PHSs for the entire fish community and for the lotic and lentic guilds were undertaken and the simulated results were compared with each other. The PHSs for the entire fish community could not account for the less dominant fish species in the fish community.