bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation
Authors: Sealey Alison 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article contributes to the developing recognition that the challenges raised by the enterprise of translating between languages extend beyond human language. It suggests that there are parallels between the political issues recognised by translation scholars – of exclusion, misrepresentation and speaking for ‘the other’ – and those raised by biosemiotics, the study of signs in all living systems. Following a discussion of convergence in current developments in translation studies, semiotics and human-animal studies, the article presents an analysis of empirical data, with specific reference to the different meanings of the verb hear. The findings demonstrate the anthropocentric assumptions that are embedded in the way hearing is routinely represented, and an argument is presented for the recognition of these in communications about the semiotic resources relevant to non-human life forms. The paper concludes with some reflections on the implications of these issues for the enterprise of translation.
Innovation, religion and managing value creation: the World Heritage Site of the ArchAbbey of Pannonhalma, Hungary.
Authors: Clarke A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter examines the ways in which management best practice can be embodied in the workings of religious tourism attractions as they wrestle with the demands of commercialization and the practices required to take an active role in the development of religious values in this commercial world. The focus is drawn from a detailed study from western Hungary: the World Heritage site (WHS) of the Benedictine ArchAbbey of Pannonhalma. The ArchAbbey showed itself to be perfectly capable of adopting purposeful goals that supported both the sacred and secular development objectives for the WHS.
Managing visitors at sacred sites: the case of Montserrat.
Authors: Aulet S. , Altayó J. , Vidal-Casellas D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter analyses how sacred sites manage tourism, specifically analysing Montserrat Monastery, a religious site in Spain where differing managerial institutions and visitor types merge. This case study analyses (i) the institutions and entities that coexist in Montserrat and how they coordinate with each other, and (ii) how value-added activities in Montserrat are managed.
Issues and approaches in managing visitors to pagan sacred sites.
Authors: Rotherham I. D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter addresses issues relating to so-called 'pagan' sacred sites and their use for promotion as places for leisure and tourism. The chapter examines how 'pagan' associations might be harnessed to better safeguard a precious and irreplaceable heritage and with respect to a wide 'church' of stakeholders, secure more effectively the triple bottom line of social, economic and environmental benefits.
Implications for managed visitor experiences at Muktinath Temple (Chumig Gyatsa) in Nepal: a netnography.
Authors: Jong M. de , Grit A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter presents the case of Muktinath Temple in Nepal and the use of user-generated content as a management tool. It aims to (i) see the extent to which the use of TripAdvisor is feasible in gaining an indication of visitors' experiences when visiting a sacred site; (ii) gain insight into the extent to which these visits are partly motivated by religious reasons; and (iii) address how a netnography of TripAdvisor can be useful for the further development and management of religious tourism sites.
The impact of development of religious tourism on the host community - a case study of Mount E'mei in China.
Authors: Hu XinLei Hu XinLei , Huang Rong Huang Rong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter discusses the relationship between religions and tourism, local stakeholders' perceptions of tourism, and the factors that influence those views. A case study of the different perceived impacts (economic, social, cultural, and environmental) of the development of Buddhism-related tourism on Mount E'mei (China) is included. Recommendations for the improved development of religious tourism on Mount E'mei are also presented.
Relationship between the microstructure and properties of a peak aged Cu–Ni–Co–Si alloy
Authors: Li Jiang , Huang Guojie , Mi Xujun , Peng Lijun , Xie Haofeng , Kang Yonglin 
Published: February 2019

The microstructure and properties of a Cu–Ni–Co–Si alloy were investigated through high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe analysis after aging at 500°C for various times. Characterisation along different diffraction directions showed that precipitate morphology was disk shaped. The concentration profiles for Ni, Co, and Si were flattened in the precipitate interiors at levels of approximately 30, 35, and 35 at.-%, respectively. The co-segregation of Co was more significant than that of Ni and Si owing to the extremely low solubility in the matrix at room temperature. Theoretical calculations excellently agreed with the experimental data, which demonstrated that solid solution scattering and the Orowan bypass mechanism were the key reinforcement mechanisms for electrical and mechanical properties, respectively. Highlights The crystallography and morphology of precipitates in a peak aged Cu–Ni–Co–Si alloy are investigated in detail at different diffraction directions. Disk-shaped (Ni, Co)2Si precipitates are confirmed through 3DAP characterization. The distribution maps of Ni, Co, and Si alloying elements are investigated. Meanwhile, the segregation of the elements in the alloy are analyzed. The strengthening mechanism and conductivity curve of Cu–1.82 Ni–1.62 Co–0.86 Si alloy (wt-%) aged at 500°C for 2 h (peak aged state) are discussed, and theoretical calculations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Effects of vitamin D2-fortified shiitake mushroom on bioavailability and bone structure
Authors: Won Dong Jae , Seong Ki Seung , Jang Cheol Ho , Lee Jin Sil , Ko Jung A , Bae Hojae , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Bioavailability and bone loss inhibitory effects of vitamin D2 derived from UV-irradiated shiitake mushroom were determined in vivo. The effect of the absence of ovaries on the bioavailability of vitamin D2 and bone structure was also investigated. Sham operated (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were divided in 3 groups according to their diets, i.e. control: only vitamin D-deficient diets; UV(X): vitamin D-deficient diets with non-irradiated mushroom powder; UV(O): vitamin D-deficient diets with irradiated mushroom powder. The obtained results showed that vitamin D2 from shiitake mushroom was able to increase bone mineral density and trabecular bone structure of femur bone as well as its bioavailability. The absence of estrogen induced adverse effects not only on bioavailability of vitamin D2 but also on trabecular bone. In conclusion, vitamin D2-fortified shiitake mushroom might help postmenopausal women increase vitamin D2 bioavailability and retard trabecular bone loss.
Abbreviations: OVX: ovariectomized; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25(OH)2D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; BMD: bone mineral density; micro-CT: micro computed tomography; RSM: response surface methodology; RP-HPLC: Reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography; MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry; E2: estradiol; NTx: N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; BV/TV: bone volume/total volume; BS/BV: bone surface/bone volume; Tb.Th: trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp: trabecular separation.
Family contributions to sport performance and their utility in predicting appropriate referrals to mental health optimization programmes
Authors: Hussey Julia E. , Donohue Brad , Barchard Kimberly A. , Allen Daniel N. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTLimited research has examined the contributions of sport‐specific family relationship problems to athlete mental health. In the current study we examined the extent to which collegiate athletes’ family problems (as measured by the Student Athlete Relationship Instrument factors, SARI) predict athletes’ general mental health distress and specific mental health symptoms that are relatively common in athletes (i.e. depression, anxiety, and drug and alcohol use). The study included 85 collegiate athletes (intramural, n = 26; club sport, n = 12; NCAA Division I, n = 47). We hypothesized that both general mental health distress and commonly evidenced mental health symptoms would be predicted by athletes’ responses to the SARI factors (Poor Relationship and Lack of Support, General Pressure, Pressure to Quit or Continue Unsafely, Embarrassing Comments, and Negative Attitude). Results indicated that all of the aforementioned SARI factors predicted athletes’ ratings of depression and general mental health distress levels. Only the General Pressure SARI factor predicted athletes’ anxiety and drug use. Alcohol use was not predicted by any of the SARI factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicated that sport‐specific problems in family relationships provided a good classification of athletes at risk for general mental health distress, depression, and anxiety. Practice implications are discussed in light of the results.
Introduction to the absolute brightness and number statistics in spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Authors: Schneeloch James , Knarr Samuel H , Bogorin Daniela F , Levangie Mackenzie L , Tison Christopher C , Frank Rebecca , Howland Gregory A , Fanto Michael L , Alsing Paul M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
As a tutorial, we examine the absolute brightness and number statistics of photon pairs generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) from first principles. In doing so, we demonstrate how the diverse implementations of SPDC can be understood through a single common framework, and use this to derive straightforward formulas for the biphoton generation rate (pairs per second) in a variety of different circumstances. In particular, we consider the common cases of both collimated and focused Gaussian pump beams in a bulk nonlinear crystal, as well as in nonlinear waveguides and micro-ring resonators. Furthermore, we examine the number statistics of down-converted light using a non-perturbative approximation (the multi-mode squeezed vacuum), to provide quantitative formulas for the relative likelihood of multi-pair production events, and explore how the quantum state of the pump affects the subsequent statistics of the down-converted light. Following this, we consider the limits of the undepleted pump approximation, and conclude by performing experiments to test the effectiveness of our theoretical predictions for the biphoton generation rate in a variety of different sources.
Immigrant Perceptions of the Police: The Role of Country of Origin and Length of Settlement
Authors: Jung Maria , Sprott Jane B , Greene Carolyn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRelationships between police and minority groups have been shown to be strained with members of these groups often viewing police in a more negative light. Distinguishing between minority group and immigrant populations, more recent work has shown that foreign-born individuals are more likely to view the police in a more favourable light than native-born populations. Adding to this literature, we examine group-specific factors that shape foreign-born individuals’ views of the police. We find that country of origin and length of settlement are important factors in better understanding immigrants’ perceptions of the police. The study concludes with a discussion of trust in police and recommendations for future research.
Disrupted AMPA Receptor Function upon Genetic- or Antibody-Mediated Loss of Autism-Associated CASPR2
Authors: Fernandes Dominique , Santos Sandra D , Coutinho Ester , Whitt Jessica L , Beltrão Nuno , Rondão Tiago , Leite M Isabel , Buckley Camilla , Lee Hey-Kyoung , Carvalho Ana Luísa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders share susceptibility genes, suggesting a common origin. One such gene is CNTNAP2 encoding contactin-associated protein 2 (CASPR2), which harbours mutations associated to autism, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability. Antibodies targeting CASPR2 have also been recently described in patients with several neurological disorders, such as neuromyotonia, Morvan’s syndrome, and limbic encephalitis. Despite the clear implication of CNTNAP2 and CASPR2 in neuropsychiatric disorders, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with alterations in CASPR2 function are unknown. Here, we show that Caspr2 is expressed in excitatory synapses in the cortex, and that silencing its expression in vitro or in vivo decreases the synaptic expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and the amplitude of AMPA receptor-mediated currents. Furthermore, Caspr2 loss of function blocks synaptic scaling in vitro and experience-dependent homoeostatic synaptic plasticity in the visual cortex. Patient CASPR2 antibodies decrease the dendritic levels of Caspr2 and synaptic AMPA receptor trafficking, and perturb excitatory transmission in the visual cortex. These results suggest that mutations in CNTNAP2 may contribute to alterations in AMPA receptor function and homoeostatic plasticity, and indicate that antibodies from anti-CASPR2 encephalitis patients affect cortical excitatory transmission.
Reduced Hippocampal Dendrite Branching, Spine Density and Neurocognitive Function in Premature Rabbits, and Reversal with Estrogen or TrkB Agonist Treatment
Authors: Klebe Damon , Tibrewal Mahima , Sharma Deep R , Vanaparthy Rachna , Krishna Sunil , Varghese Merina , Cheng Bokun , Mouton Peter R , Velíšková Jana , Dobrenis Kostantin , Hof Patrick R , Ballabh Praveen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Preterm-born children suffer from neurological and behavioral disorders. Herein, we hypothesized that premature birth and non-maternal care of preterm newborns might disrupt neurobehavioral function, hippocampal dendritic arborization, and dendritic spine density. Additionally, we assessed whether 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement or the TrkB receptor agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), would reverse compromised dendritic development and cognitive function in preterm newborns. These hypotheses were tested by comparing preterm (E28.5) rabbit kits cared and gavage-fed by laboratory personnel and term-kits reared and breast-fed by their mother doe at an equivalent postconceptional age. Neurobehavioral tests showed that both premature-birth and formula-feeding with non-maternal care led to increased anxiety behavior, poor social interaction, and lack of novelty preference compared with term-kits. Dendritic branching and number of total or mushroom dendritic spines were reduced in the CA1 field of preterm-kits compared with term controls. While CDC42 and Rac1/2/3 expression levels were lower, RhoA-activity was higher in preterm-kits compared with term controls. Both E2 and DHF treatment reversed prematurity-induced reduction in spine density, reduced total RhoA-GTPase levels, and enhanced cognitive function. Hence, prematurity and non-maternal care result in cognitive deficits, and reduced dendritic arbors and spines in CA1. E2 replacement or DHF treatment might reverse changes in dendritic spines and improve neurodevelopment in premature infants.
Evaluation of new approaches to the access of official monitoring results for live bivalves molluscs
Authors: da Costa Manuel Beja , Jurczuk Magdalena , Marques Bernardo , Silva João Nuno 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Live bivalve molluscs, echinoderms, tunicates and marine gastropod are referred in EU food laws, and require member states to implement official controls in classified production areas, with the monitoring and classification of those areas. If, due to contaminant tests results, a production area is closed, any product from there is prohibited to be commercialized. Mobile applications optical character recognition (OCR) functionalities could ease the access to contaminant levels and production area classifications. This study verifies what information is available in live bivalves’ labels, describes an OCR algorithm for those labels and evaluates it.

Methods
86 labels were selected from four sale points in Lisbon, and photographed using smartphones. Each label was evaluated by a human to determine what data was available (either required or not). An OCR algorithm was developed and applied on the collected labels and validated against the data extracted by the human analysis.

Results
The analysis shows that all the labels included the required information, and 63% of the labels included the identifier for the production zone. The label-reading algorithm performs with an accuracy of 79.85% for the individual values.

Conclusion
High accuracy of the developed label-reading algorithm shows potential for providing instant automatic access to the date and production area, but is affected by the variability on the label structure. Although not required by food laws, the majority of the sampled labels included complementary information (classified production area) that will allow access to more precise information about the existing biotoxin tests and analysis results.
Antifungal activity of analogues of antimicrobial peptides isolated from bee venoms against vulvovaginal Candida spp
Authors: Kočendová Jitka , Vaňková Eva , Volejníková Andrea , Nešuta Ondřej , Buděšínský Miloš , Socha Ondřej , Hájek Miroslav , Hadravová Romana , Čeřovský Václav 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Candida albicans is the main causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common mycosis in women, relapses of which are difficult to manage due to biofilm formation. This study aimed at developing novel non-toxic compounds active against Candida spp. biofilms. We synthesised analogues of natural antifungal peptides LL-III (LL-III/43) and HAL-2 (peptide VIII) originally isolated from bee venoms and elucidated their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The haemolytic, cytotoxic, antifungal and anti-biofilm activities of LL-III/43 and peptide VIII were then tested. LL-III/43 and VIII showed moderate cytotoxicity to HUVEC-2 cells and had comparable inhibitory activity against C. albicans and non-albicans spp. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of LL-III/43 was observed towards Candida tropicalis (0.8 µM). That was 8-fold lower than that of antimycotic amphotericin B. Both peptides can be used to inhibit Candida spp. bio film f ormation. Biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BIC50) ranged from 0.9 to 58.6 µM and biofilm eradication concentrations (BEC50) for almost all tested Candida spp. strains ranged from 12.8 to 200 µM. Als o pro ven were the peptides’ abilities to reduce the area colonised by biofilms , inhibit hyphae formation and permeabilise cell membranes in biofil ms . LL-III/43 and VIII are promising candidates for further development as therapeutics against VVC.
Immunogenicity of Golimumab and its Clinical Relevance in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Adedokun Omoniyi J , Gunn George R , Leu Jocelyn H , Gargano Cynthia , Xu Zhenhua , Sandborn William J , Rutgeerts Paul , Shankar Gopi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Antidrug antibody (ADA) detection with standard bridging enzyme immunoassays (EIA) can yield false-negative results or underestimate titers through drug interference. A more sensitive assay was needed to determine clinical impact of antigolimumab antibodies.

Methods
A high-sensitivity, drug-tolerant EIA (DT-EIA) was developed and cross-validated against the original EIA, and samples from induction/maintenance studies in golimumab-treated patients with ulcerative colitis were analyzed for ADAs using both methods. Immunogenicity results were compared, and pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety associations were evaluated.

Results
An 8-fold increase in ADA-positive patients (21.8% DT-EIA vs 2.8% EIA) reflected DT-EIA improved sensitivity and drug tolerance. Most newly detected ADA-positive patients (using DT-EIA) had low antibody titers, whereas most with high antibody titers were ADA-positive with original EIA. With DT-EIA, week 44 median trough serum golimumab concentrations among ADA-positive patients were approximately half vs ADA-negative (0.51 vs 0.85 µg/mL [50 mg q4w]; 0.85 vs 1.60 µg/mL [100 mg q4w]). Antidrug antibody impact on golimumab concentrations was more notable at titers ≥1:100. During induction, ADAs had no notable impact on efficacy. During maintenance, proportions of patients maintaining clinical response through week 54 were lower using DT-EIA: 38.1% ADA-positive and 52.8% ADA-negative. Antidrug antibody status had no impact on injection-site reaction incidence.

Conclusions
A more sensitive DT-EIA identified higher proportions of ADA-positive patients. A trend of decreasing drug concentrations with increasing ADA titers was observed. Pharmacokinetic impact was better elucidated with DT-EIA. Although development of ADA did not preclude efficacy, a trend toward decreased efficacy in ADA-positive vs ADA-negative patients was observed during maintenance treatment. Antidrug antibody status did not impact safety.
Adalimumab Effectiveness Up to Six Years in Adalimumab-naïve Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Results of the PYRAMID Registry
Authors: Loftus Edward V , Reinisch Walter , Panaccione Remo , Berg Sofie , Alperovich Gabriela , Bereswill Mareike , Kalabic Jasmina , Petersson Joel , Thakkar Roopal , Robinson Anne M , D’Haens Geert 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
PYRAMID was an international multicenter, noninterventional, postmarketing registry assessing long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab (Humira), as used in routine clinical practice.

Methods
Adult patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease with or without prior adalimumab experience were enrolled in the registry and followed for up to 6 years. Effectiveness measurements included the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA, a composite of Harvey Bradshaw Index [HBI] and rectal bleeding score), clinical remission (HBI < 5), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. Data were reported for adalimumab-naïve patients and analyzed by baseline immunomodulator use and disease duration.

Results
This study evaluated 2057 adalimumab-naïve patients. Mean PGA improved from 7.5 (baseline) to 3.9 (year 1) and 3.3 (year 6). The proportion of patients in HBI remission increased from 29% (573 of 1969; baseline) to 68% (900 of 1331; year 1) and 75% (625 of 831; year 6). Patients stratified by baseline immunomodulator use had similar HBI remission rates; patients with disease duration <2 years achieved numerically higher HBI remission rates than patients with longer disease duration. Patient-reported SIBDQ and WPAI scores improved at year 1; all WPAI subscore improvements were clinically meaningful (≥7% point change) at year 1 and maintained through year 6. Serious infections were reported in 11.1% of patients; incidence rates of malignancies, lymphoma, and demyelinating disorders were low.

Conclusion
Adalimumab therapy, as used in routine clinical practice, improved physician-reported and patient-reported disease outcomes and remission rates for up to 6 years. No new safety signals were observed.