bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging computer‐aided diagnosis systems for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Karami Vania , Nittari Giulio , Amenta Francesco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper has reviewed the state‐of‐the‐art approaches for Computer Aided Diagnosis Systems (CADS) for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using neuroimaging. Identification of the current approaches leads to improving the efficiency of these techniques. The analysis covered 110 articles published between 2009 and January 2018. Papers were chosen according to the Newcastle‐Ottawa criteria. MeSH terms were “computer aided diagnosis systems for Alzheimer's disease” and “computer aided diagnosis systems methods for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease”. CADS algorithms have been presented with specific methods. There is no standardized approach to determine the best one. This study has tables that aimed to conclude all methods in a precise way. Among them, Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were the most common, respectively. CADS for AD could become important in clinical practice in the near future. The evaluation criteria approved their efficiency as a second opinion besides the neurologist.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats via inhibition of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Qing , Tang Yu‐Feng , Yang Ming‐Kun , Huang Xi‐Zhao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDexmedetomidine (Dex) was reported to reduce ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in kidney and brain tissues. Thus, we aimed to study the role and mechanism of Dex in cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and apoptosis. First, I/R injury models were established. Six groups were assigned after different treatments: sham, I/R, I/R+Dex, I/R+2‐methoxyestradiol (2ME2) (HIF‐1α inhibitor), I/R+CoCl
2 (HIF‐1α activator), and I/R+Dex+CoCl
2 groups. Neurological function, cerebral infarction volume, survival, and apoptosis of brain cells were then analyzed. Besides, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of HIF‐1α, BCL‐2[B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2] adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2[B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 2] associated X (Bax), and cleaved‐caspase3 proteins in brain tissues. I/R rats showed cerebral infarction, increased neurological function score, number of terminal‐deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive cells and HIF‐1α–positive cells as well as decreased neurons. Inhibition of HIF‐1α can reduce the apoptosis induced by I/R, and overexpression of HIF‐1α can aggravate apoptosis in brain tissue of I/R rats. Furthermore, activation of HIF‐1α expression blocks the inhibitory effect of Dex on neuronal apoptosis in I/R rats. Dex may inhibit the neuronal apoptosis of I/R rats by inhibiting the HIF‐1α pathway and then improve the cerebral I/R injury in rats.
Downregulation of long noncoding RNA LOC101928134 inhibits the synovial hyperplasia and cartilage destruction of osteoarthritis rats through the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway by upregulating IFNA1
Authors: Yang Da‐Wei , Zhang Xin , Qian Gui‐Bin , Jiang Ming‐Jiu , Wang Peng , Wang Kun‐Zheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of arthritis, a chronic joint disease that is always correlated with massive destruction such as cartilage destruction, inflammation of the synovial membrane, and so on. This study aims to explore the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LOC101928134 in the synovial hyperplasia and cartilage destruction, more specifically, in the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in an OA rat model. Microarray‐based gene expression analysis was conducted to screen out the lncRNA differentially expressed in OA and predict the target gene of the lncRNA with the involvement of the signaling pathway through Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis. A model of OA was established and treated with the small interfering RNA LOC101928134/inhibitor of JAK/STAT signaling pathway to investigate the relationship among LOC101928134, IFNA1, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in OA. The effect of LOC101928134 on the serum levels of IFNA1, interleukin‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor‐α, and the apoptosis of synovial and cartilage cells was evaluated. LOC101928134, which was found to be highly expressed in knee joint synovial tissues of OA rats, regulated the expression of IFNA1 gene and inhibited JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Downregulation of LOC101928134 resulted in reduced knee joint synovitis, relived inflammatory damage, and knee joint cartilage damage of OA rats. Besides, synovial cell apoptosis was enhanced upon LOC101928134 downregulation, while cartilage cell apoptosis of OA rats was suppressed. These results demonstrate that downregulation of LOC101928134 suppresses the synovial hyperplasia and cartilage destruction of OA rats via activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway by upregulating IFNA1, providing a new candidate for the treatment of OA.
Using word clouds to Re‐envision letters of recommendation for residency applicants
Authors: Bayrak Sinehan B. , Villwock Jennifer A. , Villwock Mark R. , Chiu Alexander G. , Sykes Kevin J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo develop a “word cloud”–based visual letter of recommendation (VLOR) and to evaluate its efficiency in discerning applicant quality compared to narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs).Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort study.MethodsNLORs for 48 otolaryngology residency applicants interviewed from the 2016 application cycle were identified and mined for descriptive terms to generate a word cloud, referred to as a VLOR. Eight individuals reviewed and rated a total of 187 blinded NLORs and 48 VLORs on a four‐point scale (negative to exceptional). Median VLOR and NLOR scores and the time to review for each candidate were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsIt took significantly more time to review the NLORs in comparison to the VLORs (67 seconds, interquartile range [IQR]: 41–98 seconds vs. 17 seconds, IQR: 11–26 seconds, P < .001). There was no significant difference between median scores for VLORs and NLORs (P = .136). Review time and score correlated positively for VLORs and was statistically significant (ρ = 0.459, P = .001), indicating that more time spent reviewing equates to higher scores. The same relationship appeared with NLORs, but was not statistically significant (ρ = 0.276, P = .058).ConclusionsVLORs are a novel and efficient additive tool for screening candidates for otolaryngology residency interview slots. Their scores do not significantly vary from NLOR scores and are significantly faster to evaluate.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:2026–2030, 2019
A pilot trial of RNS60 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Paganoni Sabrina , Alshikho Mohamad J. , Luppino Sarah , Chan James , Pothier Lindsay , Schoenfeld David , Andres Patricia L. , Babu Suma , Zürcher Nicole R. , Loggia Marco L. , Barry Robert L. , Luotti Silvia , Nardo Giovanni , Trolese Maria Chiara , Pantalone Serena , Bendotti Caterina , Bonetto Valentina , De Marchi Fabiola , Rosen Bruce , Hooker Jacob , Cudkowicz Merit , Atassi Nazem 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: RNS60 is a novel immune‐modulatory agent that has shown neuroprotective effects in amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) preclinical models. RNS60 is administered by weekly intravenous infusion and daily nebulization. The objective of this pilot open‐label trial was to test the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of long‐term RNS60 administration in ALS patients. Methods: The planned treatment duration was 23 weeks and the primary outcomes were safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes included PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and plasma biomarkers of inflammation. Results: Sixteen participants with ALS received RNS60 and 13 (81%) completed 23 weeks of RNS60 treatment. There were no serious adverse events and no participants withdrew from the trial due to drug‐related adverse events. There were no significant changes in the biomarkers. Discussion: Long‐term RNS60 administration was safe and well‐tolerated. A large, multicenter, phase II trial of RNS60 is currently enrolling participants to test the effects of RNS60 on ALS biomarkers and disease progression. Muscle Nerve 59:303–308, 2019
A protocol for quantifying cardiogenic oscillations in dynamic 129Xe gas exchange spectroscopy: The effects of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Bier Elianna A. , Robertson Scott H. , Schrank Geoffry M. , Rackley Craig , Mammarappallil Joseph G. , Rajagopal Sudarshan , McAdams H. Page , Driehuys Bastiaan 
Published: November 2018

The spectral parameters of hyperpolarized 129Xe exchanging between airspaces, interstitial barrier, and red blood cells (RBCs) are sensitive to pulmonary pathophysiology. This study sought to evaluate whether the dynamics of 129Xe spectroscopy provide additional insight, with particular focus on quantifying cardiogenic oscillations in the RBC resonance. 129Xe spectra were dynamically acquired in eight healthy volunteers and nine subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). 129Xe FIDs were collected every 20 ms (TE = 0.932 ms, 512 points, dwell time = 32 μs, flip angle ≈ 20°) during a 16 s breathing maneuver. The FIDs were pre‐processed using the spectral improvement by Fourier thresholding technique (SIFT) and fit in the time domain to determine the airspace, interstitial barrier, and RBC spectral parameters. The RBC and gas resonances were fit to a Lorentzian lineshape, while the barrier was fit to a Voigt lineshape to account for its greater structural heterogeneity. For each complex resonance the amplitude, chemical shift, linewidth(s), and phase were calculated. The time‐averaged spectra confirmed that the RBC to barrier amplitude ratio (RBC:barrier ratio) and RBC chemical shift are both reduced in IPF subjects. Their temporal dynamics showed that all three 129Xe resonances are affected by the breathing maneuver. Most notably, several RBC spectral parameters exhibited prominent oscillations at the cardiac frequency, and their peak‐to‐peak variation differed between IPF subjects and healthy volunteers. In the IPF cohort, oscillations were more prominent in the RBC amplitude (16.8 ± 5.2 versus 9.7 ± 2.9%; P = 0.008), chemical shift (0.43 ± 0.33 versus 0.083 ± 0.05 ppm; P < 0.001), and phase (7.7 ± 5.6 versus 1.4 ± 0.8°; P < 0.001). Dynamic 129Xe spectroscopy is a simple and sensitive tool that probes the temporal variability of gas exchange and may prove useful in discerning the underlying causes of its impairment.
Evaluation of normal cadaveric Achilles tendon and enthesis with ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging and indentation testing
Authors: Chen Bimin , Cheng Xin , Dorthe Erik W. , Zhao Yinghua , D'Lima Darryl , Bydder Graeme M. , Liu Sirun , Du Jiang , Ma Ya‐Jun 
Published: November 2018

Entheses are regions where tendons and ligaments attach to bone, and are the primary target in seronegative and other diseases of the musculoskeletal (MSK) system. MRI has been widely used for visualizing features of inflammatory and degenerative MSK disease; however, normal tendons and entheses have short transverse relaxation times (T2), and show little or no signal with conventional clinical MRI pulse sequences, making it difficult to investigate their MR properties. In this study we examined the normal MR morphology of the cadaveric Achilles tendon and enthesis at 3 T using novel three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) Cones sequences, and at 11.7 T using conventional MRI sequences. We also studied the MR properties of the Achilles tendon and enthesis including T2*, T1, and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). In addition, MT modeling of macromolecular proton fractions was investigated using 3D UTE Cones sequences at 3 T. Indentation testing was performed to investigate the mechanical properties of the tendons and entheses, and this was followed by histological examination. In total five specimens (<50 years) were investigated. On average, tendons and entheses respectively had T2* values of 0.93 ± 0.48 ms and 2.77 ± 0.79 ms, T1 values of 644 ± 22 ms and 780 ± 55 ms, MTRs of 0.373 ± 0.03 and 0.244 ± 0.009 with an MT power of 1000° and frequency offset of 2 kHz, and macromolecular proton fractions of 18.0 ± 2.2% and 13.9 ± 1.9%. Compared with the tendon, the enthesis generally had a longer T2*, a longer T1, a lower MTR, and a lower macromolecular proton fraction as well as both a higher Young's modulus and stiffness. Results from this study are likely to provide a useful baseline for identifying deviations from the normal in seronegative arthritis and other disease of the entheses.
Levels of choline‐containing compounds in normal liver and liver metastases of colorectal cancer as recorded by 1H MRS
Authors: ter Voert Edwin E.G.W. , Heijmen Linda , van Asten Jack J.A. , Wright Alan J. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. , Heerschap Arend 
Published: November 2018

PurposeA relatively high signal for choline‐containing compounds (total choline, tCho) is commonly found in 1H MR spectra of malignant tumors, but it is unclear if this also occurs in tumors in the liver. We evaluated the potential of the tCho signal in single voxel 1H MR spectra of the human liver to assess metastases of colorectal cancers.ExperimentMR spectra of an 8 cm3 PRESS‐localized voxel were obtained at 3 T from the livers of 12 healthy volunteers and from metastatic lesions in 20 patients in two different sessions. To correct for motion artifacts, sequentially recorded spectra were individually phased and frequency aligned before averaging. Spectra were analyzed using LCModel and tissue levels estimated by water referencing. Repeatability was assessed with Bland–Altman analyses. To estimate tumor necrosis, diffusion‐weighted imaging of the liver was performed. High resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) spectra of tumor and normal liver samples were obtained at 11.7 T.ResultsWith increasing tumor volumes, tCho levels decreased, indicating a partial volume effect. Mean tCho content in tumors larger than the PRESS voxel (>8 cm3) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than for normal liver: 1.6 (range 0.0–3.4) versus 6.9 (range 4.9–11.1) mmol/kg wet weight, while it was comparable for tumors smaller than 8 cm3: 7.0 (range 3.8–9.3) mmol/kg. The higher 90th percentile apparent diffusion coefficient value in the larger lesions indicates more necrosis. Measurement repeatability was average in normal livers and poor in tumors. HRMAS did not show substantial differences in choline‐containing compounds between normal liver and metastasis.ConclusionAn increased tCho content was not observed in 1H MR spectra of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer, compared with normal liver. This may be due to the background of a high tCho signal in spectra of normal liver or to an intrinsic lower tCho content in these tumors, but is most likely the result of necrosis in metastatic tumor tissue.
Synthesis of multifunctional high strength, highly swellable, stretchable and self‐healable pH‐responsive ionic double network hydrogels
Authors: Dixit Akansha , Bag Dibyendu S , Sharma Dhirendra K , Eswara Prasad Namburi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe multifunctional double network (DN) soft hydrogels reported here are highly swellable and stretchable pH‐responsive smart hydrogel materials with sufficient strength and self‐healing properties. Such multifunctional hydrogels are achieved using double crosslinking structures with multiple physical and chemical crosslinks. They consist of a copolymer network of acrylamide (AM) and sodium acrylate (Na‐AA) and other reversible network of poly(vinyl alcohol)–borax complex. They were characterized by Fourier transform IR analysis and studied for their hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction. The degree of equilibrium swelling was observed to be as high as 5959% (at pH 7.0) for a hydrogel with AM/Na‐AA = 25/75 wt% in the network (GS‐6 sample). The highest degree of swelling was observed to be 6494% at pH 8.5. The maximum tensile strength was measured to be 1670, 580 and 130 kPa for a DN hydrogel (GS‐2 sample: AM/Na‐AA =75/25 wt% with 20, 40 and 60 wt% water content, respectively). The self‐healing efficiency was estimated to be 69% for such a hydrogel. These multifunctional DN hydrogels with amalgamation of many functional properties are unique in hydrogel materials and such materials may find applications in sensors, actuators, smart windows and biomedical applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Rescaling belonging in “Brexit Britain”: Spatial identities and practices of Polish nationals in Scotland after the U.K. Referendum on European Union membership
Authors: Botterill Kate , Hancock Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses how the 2016 U.K. Referendum on European Union membership has shaped the spatial identities and practices of Polish nationals living in Scotland. On the basis of original qualitative data collected in Edinburgh after the referendum, we make two key arguments. First, the referendum was a catalyst for Polish nationals to rescale spatial identities and challenge normative definitions of nationalism and citizenship. We highlight the role of emotion as a key driver in this process, showing that multiscalar attachments to place and strategies for onward mobility, adaptation, and integration after Brexit are constructed through emotionality. Second, the paper argues that Polish nationals' spatial practices have been shaped by anti‐immigrant discourse and sentiment surrounding the Brexit vote. In particular, local public spaces are viewed simultaneously as sites of potential conflict and sites of meaningful intercultural engagement and everyday citizenship. A broader aim of the paper is to advance feminist theory and praxis in population geography through a focus on nonhierarchical and relational scales of experience to better understand migrant identities and practices in a changing Europe.
Mean square stability of linear stochastic neutral‐type time‐delay systems with multiple delays
Authors: Li Zhao‐Yan , Lam James , Fang Ru 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis paper studies mean square exponential stability of linear stochastic neutral‐type time‐delay systems with multiple point delays by using an augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional (LKF) approach. To build a suitable augmented LKF, a method is proposed to find an augmented state vector whose elements are linearly independent. With the help of the linearly independent augmented state vector, the constructed LKF, and properties of the stochastic integral, sufficient delay‐dependent stability conditions expressed by linear matrix inequalities are established to guarantee the mean square exponential stability of the system. Differently from previous results where the difference operator associated with the system needs to satisfy a condition in terms of matrix norms, in the current paper, the difference operator only needs to satisfy a less restrictive condition in terms of matrix spectral radius. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by two numerical examples.
Tourism Advertisements in Mexican Folkways (1925–1937)
Authors: Lindsay Claire 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines the use of advertisements in Mexican Folkways, a renowned magazine of folklore, visual art, and culture. It contends that attention to such features illustrates a central paradox at stake in the reliance on this periodical as a historiographical source. Methodologically, the chapter combines content and textual analysis of advertisements for El Buen Tono cigarettes and Mexico City hotels with a historically situated consideration of the context of their, and the magazine’s, production. In doing so, it spotlights what elsewhere Shelley Garrigan (2012) calls ‘the dialectical embrace of patrimony and market’ at various layers of the periodical and illuminates untold forms of recycling of processes and stakeholders that had been fundamental to nation-building during the
Porfiriato in the remaking of modern Mexico after 1920.
Carnosic acid potentiates the anticancer effect of temozolomide by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in glioma
Authors: Shao Naiyuan , Mao Jiahao , Xue Lian , Wang Rong , Zhi Feng , Lan Qing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective
Malignant glioma is a lethal brain tumor with a low survival rate and poor prognosis. New strategies are urgently needed to augment the chemotherapeutic effects of temozolomide (TMZ), the standard drug in glioma treatment. Carnosic acid (CA) has been reported to have anticancer, antioxidant and anti-infectious properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer effects and the underlying mechanisms of CA in combination with TMZ in glioma cancer cells.

Methods
The glioma cancer cells were treated with TMZ, CA, or TMZ + CA. We evaluated cell survival by CCK-8 assay, cell anchorage-independent survival by colony formation assay, cell migration by wound-healing assay, cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry, and protein expression by western blot.

Results
CA enhanced the cytotoxic effect of TMZ in glioma cancer cells. CA enhanced TMZ-induced inhibition of colony formation and cell migration and enhanced TMZ-induced cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis. Immunofluorescence suggested that CA in combination with TMZ triggered autophagy. Furthermore, CA promoted TMZ-induced cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis by Cyclin B1 inhibition and activation of PARP and Caspase-3, while CA promoted TMZ-induced cellular autophagy by p-AKT inhibition, p62 downregulation and LC3-I to LC3-II transition.

Conclusion
These data suggest that the combination therapy of CA and TMZ strengthens the anticancer effect of TMZ by enhancing apoptosis and autophagy.
Situated anticipation
Authors: van Dijk Ludger , Rietveld Erik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn cognitive science, long-term anticipation, such as when planning to do something next year, is typically seen as a form of ‘higher’ cognition, requiring a different account than the more basic activities that can be understood in terms of responsiveness to ‘affordances,’ i.e. to possibilities for action. Starting from architects that anticipate the possibility to make an architectural installation over the course of many months, in this paper we develop a process-based account of affordances that includes long-term anticipation within its scope. We present a framework in which situations and their affordances unfold, and can be thought of as continuing a history of practices into a current situational activity. In this activity affordances invite skilled participants to act further. Via these invitations one situation develops into the other; an unfolding process that sets up the conditions for its own continuation. Central to our process account of affordances is the idea that engaged individuals can be responsive to the direction of the process to which their actions contribute. Anticipation, at any temporal scale, is then part and parcel of keeping attuned to the movement of the unfolding situations to which an individual contributes. We concretize our account by returning to the example of anticipation observed in architectural practice. This account of anticipation opens the door to considering a wide array of human activities traditionally characterized as ‘higher’ cognition in terms of engaging with affordances.