bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aperçus nouveaux sur l'écologie du bacille de Whitmore
Authors: Dodin A. 
Published: March 2018

L’écologie actuelle du bacille de Whitmore est caractérisée par une expansion presque mondiale du germe ou par un meilleur dépistage bactériologique du bacille.
La notion de «niche écologique» du bacille est devenue : «toute terre souillée et enrichie par des excréments contaminés». Il s’agit d’un germe essentiellement tellurique. Son pouvoir pathogène est fonction de l’inoculum de germes et du terrain.
Leadership Training in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sadowski Brett , Cantrell Sarah , Barelski Adam , O'Malley Patrick G. , Hartzell Joshua D. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackground Leadership is a critical component of physician competence, yet the best approaches for developing leadership skills for physicians in training remain undefined.Objective We systematically reviewed the literature on existing leadership curricula in graduate medical education (GME) to inform leadership program development.Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, ERIC, EMBASE, and MedEdPORTAL through October 2015 using search terms to capture GME leadership curricula. Abstracts were reviewed for relevance, and included studies were retrieved for full-text analysis. Article quality was assessed using the Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) index.Results A total of 3413 articles met the search criteria, and 52 were included in the analysis. Article quality was low, with 21% (11 of 52) having a BEME score of 4 or 5. Primary care specialties were the most represented (58%, 30 of 52). The majority of programs were open to all residents (81%, 42 of 52). Projects and use of mentors or coaches were components of 46% and 48% of curricula, respectively. Only 40% (21 of 52) were longitudinal throughout training. The most frequent pedagogic methods were lectures, small group activities, and cases. Common topics included teamwork, leadership models, and change management. Evaluation focused on learner satisfaction and self-assessed knowledge. Longitudinal programs were more likely to be successful.Conclusions GME leadership curricula are heterogeneous and limited in effectiveness. Small group teaching, project-based learning, mentoring, and coaching were more frequently used in higher-quality studies.
Ideas and perspectives: hydrothermally driven redistribution and sequestration of early Archaean biomass – the “hydrothermal pump hypothesis”
Authors: Duda Jan-Peter , Thiel Volker , Bauersachs Thorsten , Mißbach Helge , Reinhardt Manuel , Schäfer Nadine , Van Kranendonk Martin J. , Reitner Joachim 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Archaean hydrothermal chert veins commonly contain abundant organic carbon of
uncertain origin (abiotic vs. biotic). In this study, we analysed kerogen
contained in a hydrothermal chert vein from the ca. 3.5 Ga Dresser
Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia). Catalytic hydropyrolysis
(HyPy) of this kerogen yielded n-alkanes up to n-C22, with a sharp
decrease in abundance beyond n-C18. This distribution
(≤ n-C18) is very similar to that observed in HyPy products of
recent bacterial biomass, which was used as reference material, whereas it
differs markedly from the unimodal distribution of abiotic compounds
experimentally formed via Fischer–Tropsch-type synthesis. We therefore
propose that the organic matter in the Archaean chert veins has a primarily
microbial origin. The microbially derived organic matter accumulated in
anoxic aquatic (surface and/or subsurface) environments and was then
assimilated, redistributed and sequestered by the hydrothermal fluids
(“hydrothermal pump hypothesis”).
A comparison of methods to estimate vertical land motion trends from GNSS and altimetry at tide gauge stations
Authors: Kleinherenbrink Marcel , Riva Riccardo , Frederikse Thomas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Tide gauge (TG) records are affected by vertical land motion (VLM), causing them to observe relative instead of geocentric sea level. VLM can be estimated from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time series, but only a few TGs are equipped with a GNSS receiver. Hence, (multiple) neighboring GNSS stations can be used to estimate VLM at the TG. This study compares eight approaches to estimate VLM trends at 570 TG stations using GNSS by taking into account all GNSS trends with an uncertainty smaller than 1 mm yr−1 within 50 km. The range between the methods is comparable with the formal uncertainties of the GNSS trends. Taking the median of the surrounding GNSS trends shows the best agreement with differenced altimetry–tide gauge (ALT–TG) trends. An attempt is also made to improve VLM trends from ALT–TG time series. Only using highly correlated along-track altimetry and TG time series reduces the SD of ALT–TG time series by up to 10 %. As a result, there are spatially coherent changes in the trends, but the reduction in the root mean square (RMS) of differences between ALT–TG and GNSS trends is insignificant. However, setting correlation thresholds also acts like a filter to remove problematic TG time series. This results in sets of ALT–TG VLM trends at 344–663 TG locations, depending on the correlation threshold. Compared to other studies, we decrease the RMS of differences between GNSS and ALT–TG trends (from 1.47 to 1.22 mm yr−1), while we increase the number of locations (from 109 to 155), Depending on the methods the mean of differences between ALT–TG and GNSS trends vary between 0.1 and 0.2 mm yr−1. We reduce the mean of the differences by taking into account the effect of elastic deformation due to present-day mass redistribution. At varying ALT–TG correlation thresholds, we provide new sets of trends for 759 to 939 different TG stations. If both GNSS and ALT–TG trend estimates are available, we recommend using the GNSS trend estimates because residual ocean signals might correlate over long distances. However, if large discrepancies ( > 3 mm yr−1) between the two methods are present, local VLM differences between the TG and the GNSS station are likely the culprit and therefore it is better to take the ALT–TG trend estimate. GNSS estimates for which only a single GNSS station and no ALT–TG estimate are available might still require some inspection before they are used in sea level studies.
Understanding the Problem of Practice: An Analysis of Professional Practice EdD Dissertations
Authors: Ma Vera Wei , Dana Nancy Fichtman , Adams Alyson , Kennedy Brianna L. 
Published: March 2018

Investigating a “problem of practice” is a signature feature of the EdD dissertation. Yet, little is known about how doctoral students derive their problems, the nature of the problems they study, and the impact studying problems of practice has on students’ local contexts. The purpose of this study was to investigate EdD students’ problems of practice through document analysis of 28 dissertations completed in one EdD program at a large, research-intensive university. Findings revealed that problems are derived from doctoral students’ felt difficulties and real-world dilemmas in three main categories: supporting marginalized students, increasing the quality of educator professional development, and supporting novices’ entry into the profession. Furthermore, five generic themes that describe the types of impact dissertation studies had on students’ local contexts are reported. Based on findings, four guidelines to assist EdD students in deriving problems of practice are offered.
Becoming Who You Are: Nietzsche on Self-Creation
Authors: Franco Paul 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article, I examine Nietzsche's doctrine of self-creation as he develops it from Schopenhauer as Educator through Gay Science (GS). While many scholars have tackled this topic, they have generally focused on a few well-known snippets from Nietzsche's works without putting them in the context of Nietzsche's carefully wrought texts or philosophical development as a whole. Nietzsche's doctrine of self-creation receives its clearest articulation in GS IV, but in order to understand that doctrine fully, I trace its genesis in the writings leading up to GS. Doing so allows me to shed light on long-standing puzzles about Nietzsche's understanding of authenticity, the relationship between self-creation and his so-called fatalism, and the nature and limits of his commitment to the aesthetic model of the self.
Nietzsche's Ethics of Danger
Authors: Kuehne Tobias 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recent scholarship on Nietzsche's ethical naturalism has acknowledged that a better understanding of his ethics requires a fuller account of his paradoxical reasoning. Continuing this line of thought, this article establishes a fulcrum between Nietzsche's unconventional ethics and mode of argumentation by examining an overlooked motif in his thinking: danger. Danger is the threat of complacent thinking and entrenched belief systems disintegrating under their hidden self-contradictions. It emerges as a key concern in Nietzsche's early works and brings with it a persistent challenge to our thinking and our ethics; refusing to be deceived, we must live courageously by identifying the paradoxes that beset our knowledge and moral beliefs. In his middle works, Nietzsche takes on the persona of the intellectually honest free spirit that attacks any systematic metaphysics, and thus offers a dangerous proposition: an ethics is only possible (yet may still fall short) in moments when metaphysics collapses and paradox rears its head.
COMPATIBILIDADE VISUAL DAS REDES DE DRENAGENS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JORDÃO (MG) EXTRAÍDAS DOS MDEs SRTM E ASTER USANDO OPERADORES DE SIMPLIFICAÇÃO E SUAVIZAÇÃO
Authors: Santil Fernando Luiz P , Tolentino Franciele Marques , Silva Claudionor Ribeiro 
Published: March 2018

A generalização cartográfica visa adaptar as feições cartográficas e as suas relações geográficas de acordo com a escala de representação do produto cartográfico. Com o advento dos computadores, os operadores permitem observar essa adaptação geométrica e semântica desse conjunto de feições segundo a função e a finalidade estabelecidas para esse produto. Com o propósito de analisar visualmente a generalização cartográfica de feições lineares extraídas do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), a partir da aplicação dos operadores simplificação e suavização, tornou-se o foco deste trabalho. No caso, foram usados os algoritmos POINT-REMOVE, para a simplificação e o PAEK, para a suavização das redes de drenagem extraídas a partir do MDE ASTER e do MDE SRTM, respectivamente, com 30 e 90 metros de resolução espacial. Esses operadores estão disponíveis no software ARCGis 10.1 e a área de estudo foi a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jordão (MG). Houve controle da qualidade posicional da carta topográfica gerada em meio digital e dos MDEs e a comparação visual ocorreu com a sobreposição desses produtos. Para essa análise visual se valeu dos princípios da fotointerpretação, do modelo de comunicação cartográfica e os resultados apontam maior similitude entre os trechos lineares com a carta topográfica dessa bacia, independentemente do MDE. Por outro lado, a resolução espacial e a topografia interferem na extração dessa rede de drenagem
From an idealized separation of powers to its practical problems in the Rule of Law
Authors: Cichelero César Augusto , Ferri Caroline , Nunes Eduardo Brandão 
Published: March 2018

The paper presents the Separation of Powers as a principle. It means that it is one of several possible political choices. We take this conception and then we aim to explain how it develops with relevance in a Rule of Law and its procedures. It was analytically perceived that such conception is idealized because it fails to address practical problems. The main problematic confronted is in relation to the activity of the Judiciary, exemplified through Brazilian conflicts between the different powers, in this paper we approach, for this purpose, the vaquejada case. In order to try to overcome such problems, the presented hypothesis is that a dialogic theory can provide some answers by promoting dialogue through equilibrium and partnership between the powers and citizens.
Paddenstoelen, prikkeldraadversperringen en sleepnetten
Authors: Hijzen Constant 
Published: March 2018

Dragnets, running engines and a state within the state: metaphors in the history of Dutch security services, 1919 till now
Since intelligence and espionage are so secret by nature, discussing it proves to be rather difficult. Debates about intelligence therefore tend to be fought with metaphors. Using Johnson’s and Lakoff’s idea that metaphors provide conceptual frameworks and thus have real-world effects, as well as Butler’s idea of performative power, this article has explored the most widely used metaphors in Dutch intelligence history. The Dutch security services have been depicted, in a wide variety of images, broadly as remnants of the past (ruins or ‘anachronisms’), as spies on wooden shoes, as a stowaway of democracy, and as a state within the state. Since the civil servants and politicians almost always felt the need to respond to these metaphors, by providing explanation, nuance, and facts – or by introducing a competing metaphor – it is argued that these metaphors have real-world effects, showing how the security service was positioned in politics and society.
La traducció xarxa: utopies i distopies
Authors: Estella Clota Marta 
Published: March 2018

Aquest article presenta una anàlisi dels canvis disruptius que experimenta actualment la traducció, conseqüència de l'emergència del web 2.0 com a nou paradigma social i tecnològic, i de la globalització del treball i dels mercats. Conclou amb un apunt sobre les oportunitats que l'economia del coneixement obre al treball lingüístic.
La chanson de tradition orale des Pays d’en haut : un tour d’horizon
Authors: Pichette Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2018

Si l’on devait considérer l’ensemble des « régions à l’ouest et au nord de Montréal », la notion de « folklore des Pays d’en haut » pourrait, à elle seule, faire l’objet d’un colloque entier. Notre propos, plus modeste, se limite à la chanson. La documentation écrite des chroniqueurs atteste déjà, dès l’ouverture de ces territoires jusqu’à la fin du xixe siècle, la présence marquante de la chanson de tradition orale, même si les retranscriptions intégrales y sont clairsemées. La captation de la littérature orale auprès de témoins vivants est une invention toute récente. Inaugurée par Marius Barbeau en 1914, elle a touché l’Outaouais puis le nord de l’Ontario au milieu du xxe siècle et n’a guère débordé cette province avant les années 1970. Cet exposé esquisse à grands traits l’état présent de la documentation orale connue sur ces régions à l’ouest de l’Outaouais, en attente d’une étude plus fouillée.
Molecular typing of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and species of the subgenus Viannia associated with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in Colombia: A concordance study
Authors: Ovalle-Bracho Clemencia , Camargo Carolina , Díaz-Toro Yira , Parra-Muñoz Marcela 
Published: March 2018

Introducción. La electroforesis de enzimas multilocus (Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis, MLEE) es el estándar de referencia para la tipificación de las especies de Leishmania. La prueba está restringida a laboratorios especializados por su complejidad técnica, sus costos y el tiempo necesario para obtener resultados. La PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) se utiliza para tipificar especies de Leishmania.Objetivo. Establecer la concordancia entre las dos pruebas como métodos de tipificación de las especies circulantes en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 96 aislamientos de pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea o mucocutánea y se tipificaron mediante MLEE y PCR-RFLP con los blancos moleculares miniexon y hsp70 usados en serie. Las enzimas de restricción aplicadas fueron la HaeIII y la BccI, respectivamente. Se calculó el coeficiente kappa y un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95 %.Resultados. Se determinó que la concordancia fue “muy buena” al obtener un coeficiente de 0,98 (IC95%: 0,98-1,00). Las especies identificadas fueron: Leishmania Viannia braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis y L. (L,) amazonensis. De los 96 aislamientos, 80 se enviaron a secuenciación y se confirmaron los resultados obtenidos mediante PCR-RFLP.Conclusión. Dada la concordancia obtenida con la PCR-RFLP amplificando los genes miniexon y hsp70, se propone esta prueba como alternativa para la tipificación de especies de Leishmania circulantes en Colombia.
Plasmonic coupling in Au, Ag and Al nanosphere homo-dimers for sensing and SERS
Authors: Katyal J. 
Published: March 2018

The localized surface plasmon resonance of homo-dimer nanostructures is studied using FDTD simulations. The calculated LSPR wavelength of Au, Ag and Al nanosphere forming a homo-dimer configuration is compared and the results reveal a larger LSPR shift in Ag and Al homo-dimer than in Au homo-dimer. Taking the sensitivity of LSPR shape to the size and interparticle spacing of nanoparticle along with a surrounding refractive index, parameters like refractive index sensitivity have been determined. The spherical homo-dimer over the whole range of particle size, studied here shows the index sensitivity order as Ag>Al>Au. Hence, the use of plasmonic material towards the refractive index sensing applications is useful in this order. The average refractive index sensitivities of Ag, Al and Au are 287.09 nm/RIU, 210.21 nm/RIU and 192.47 nm/RIU in DUV-Visible-NIR region. Apart from LSPR shift, the highly confined near-field intensity enhancement of homo-dimer nanostructures for SERS has also been studied. The interacting homo-dimer nanoparticles reveals intensity enhancements in the junction. Comparing the field enhancement for Au, Ag and Al homo-dimer nanostructure 10^8-10^9 have been theoretically predicted in DUV-UV-visible region which can be used to strongly enhance the Raman scattering of molecules.
Dry Eye In Welders Of Puducherry: A Rising Occupational Hazard
Authors: Vallinayagam Muthukrishnan , Kumar Rathna , Durairaj Baba , Adiyapatham Sasidharan , Ravi Thamizharasu 
Published: March 2018

Background:-
Dry eye is an ocular surface disorder. It is an occupational hazard in welders and significantly affects the quality of life. Early diagnosis is imperative as it is potentially treatable. Awareness about regular ophthalmic evaluation and use of personal protective Equipments (PPE) would be beneficial in reducing ocular morbidity. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of dry eye in welders of Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:-
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 welders from Puducherry. They were examined for the presence of dry eye using Schirmer’s test, and dry eye was graded based on the severity. Comparison of two proportions was employed and Chi–square test was used to detect the association between variables.

Results:-
The prevalence of dry eye in welders was observed to be 42.5%. While 32.94% of welders with bilateral dry eye showed similar grades of severity in both eyes, 27.06% displayed varying levels of severity. Dry eye was noted only in the right eye in 23.53% welders and only in the left eye in 16.47%. There was a significant correlation between the prevalence of dry eye and the duration (in years) of exposure to welding (X2=6.78, p= 0.034). Furthermore, the study demonstrates a significant association between dry eye and working hours (per day) in two different study groups (<9 hrs and ≥ 9 hrs) (Z=6.3, P=0.0001).

Conclusion:-
Prevalence of dry eye in welders is considerably high. The impact of dry eye on the quality of life should not be underestimated. Dry eye in welders is an important occupational hazard which requires prompt treatment, to reduce the ocular morbidity and improve the quality of life. A recommendation from this study would be to educate the welders and create awareness and to prevent this occupational disease by implementing regular usage of personal protective equipments.
Correlation Between VEP Latency, CDR and PSD On Standard Automated Perimetry In Newly Diagnosed POAG Cases
Authors: Baisakhiya Shikha , Goyal Gurdev Lal , Garg Punita , Khan Zahid 
Published: March 2018

Aim and Objective:-
The current study was conducted to find out the correlation between Pattern reversal VEP (visual evoked potential) parameters, standard automated perimeter parameters and cup disc ratio (CDR) in newly diagnosed cases of POAG (primary open angle glaucoma).

Materials and Methods:-
The study included 72 individuals of both the genders. The subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examination of anterior and posterior segment, IOP (intraocular pressure) measurement, visual field testing by Humphery’s automated perimeter and Pattern reversal VEP (visual evoked potential) testing. The subjects were classified into mild, moderate and severe based on MD (Mean deviation).

Results:-
In our study, the mean PSD (pattern standard deviation) and CDR (cup disc ratio) value increased with increase in the severity of glaucoma. The findings of our study also showed that increased PSD and CDR mirrored with increase in P100, N75 and N145 latency and decrease in P100 amplitude. The PSD was positively correlated with the latencies of VEP and negatively correlated with the amplitude of VEP waves (p<0.001).

Conclusion:-
We conclude that VEP can be used as a reliable tool for monitoring the progression of glaucoma.
Documenting Visual Outcome of Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty in A Tertiary Care Setting From Gujarat
Authors: Tank Ami , Mehta Falguni , Singhal Deepika , Shah Anand , Acharya Shivani 
Published: March 2018

Background:-
One of the available treatments of corneal blindness is Keratoplasty. Although there are various techniques practiced by corneal surgeons; Descemet`s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with its technical advantages and manageable complications is rapidly becoming the preferred treatment for corneal endothelial dysfunction. The present study evaluates outcomes of DSEK in terms of its efficacy (visual acuity and refractive outcome).

Objective:-
To document Visual Outcomes Post Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) amongst patients with endothelial dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:-
DSEK as a part of treatment was performed on 50 eyes of 50 subjects with endothelial pathology at a tertiary eye care institute in Gujarat. The subjects were enrolled based
on pre fixed inclusion criteria and the results were evaluated in terms of Visual acuity Pre and Post DSEK surgery. Post DSEK surgery, the subjects were followed serially as the operating surgeon was the same in all the DSEK patients.

Results:-
The mean age of the study population was 63.90 ± 16.32 years. Majority were males (66%).
The difference between mean pre-operative BCVA (1.6 ± 1.0) and 1 week follow up (1.13 ± 1.01), 1 month follow up (0.7 ± 1.0), 6 month follow up (0.65 ± 1.1) was statistically significant with p value < 0.01.

Conclusion:-
After DSEK surgery, a significant improvement in post-operative visual acuity was documented at each follow up. No significant change in spherical and cylindrical refractive errors was noted.