bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The devil is in the detail: Nonadditive and context‐dependent plant population responses to increasing temperature and precipitation
Authors: Töpper Joachim P. , Meineri Eric , Olsen Siri L. , Rydgren Knut , Skarpaas Olav , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn climate change ecology, simplistic research approaches may yield unrealistically simplistic answers to often more complicated problems. In particular, the complexity of vegetation responses to global climate change begs a better understanding of the impacts of concomitant changes in several climatic drivers, how these impacts vary across different climatic contexts, and of the demographic processes underlying population changes. Using a replicated, factorial, whole‐community transplant experiment, we investigated regional variation in demographic responses of plant populations to increased temperature and/or precipitation. Across four perennial forb species and 12 sites, we found strong responses to both temperature and precipitation change. Changes in population growth rates were mainly due to changes in survival and clonality. In three of the four study species, the combined increase in temperature and precipitation reflected nonadditive, antagonistic interactions of the single climatic changes for population growth rate and survival, while the interactions were additive and synergistic for clonality. This disparity affects the persistence of genotypes, but also suggests that the mechanisms behind the responses of the vital rates differ. In addition, survival effects varied systematically with climatic context, with wetter and warmer + wetter transplants showing less positive or more negative responses at warmer sites. The detailed demographic approach yields important mechanistic insights into how concomitant changes in temperature and precipitation affect plants, which makes our results generalizable beyond the four study species. Our comprehensive study design illustrates the power of replicated field experiments in disentangling the complex relationships and patterns that govern climate change impacts across real‐world species and landscapes.
The role of the laboratory in diagnosis and management of inhibitory antibodies in haemophilia
Authors: Strandberg K. , Astermark J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe treatment of patients with haemophilia A has remarkably improved over the years and the journey to a potential cure continues. Replacement therapy has been the cornerstone of treatment, and, despite major advances, the development of neutralizing antibodies, eg inhibitors, has thus far not been possible to avoid. How, and to what extent, the new non‐factor‐based options will modify treatment strategy and inhibitor risk is unclear and it is essential that every haemophilia treatment centre is linked to an educated and skilled laboratory performing the relevant inhibitor assays. The current review will focus on when to consider and how to perform inhibitor assay(s) in the management of patients with haemophilia A.
Bioengineered molecules for the management of haemophilia: Promise and remaining challenges
Authors: Pipe S. W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecombinant DNA technology has led to accelerating introduction of novel therapeutics for the treatment of haemophilia. This technology has driven the development of recombinant clotting factors, extended half‐life clotting factors, alternative biologics to promote haemostasis and enabled the launch of the gene therapy era for haemophilia. At the core of this technology is the ability to study the structure and function of the native molecules and to apply rational bioengineering to overcome limitations to the existing therapies. Through the study of haemophilia‐causing mutations, site‐directed mutagenesis, detailed structural models and a wide repertoire of animal models, new bioengineering strategies are helping overcome some of the remaining limitations and challenges of traditional clotting factor concentrates. Some of these bioengineering strategies are now being partnered with improvements in vectorology leading to the first wave of successful gene therapy approaches. This study will review past and present bioengineered molecules that are advancing care for haemophilia as well as novel approaches that promise to continue to improve care and outcomes for patients with haemophilia.
Gaining insight into the complexity of pain in patients with haemophilia: State‐of‐the‐art review on pain processing
Authors: Roussel N. A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDespite the high prevalence of recurrent, constant and/or widespread pain in patients with haemophilia (PwH), there is an immense lack of studies examining the (patho)physiology of pain in this population. This contrasts to the bulk of literature in other pain conditions, such as osteoarthritis, low back pain or rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding the complexity of pain allows to better assess and manage pain. In PwH, the first priority is always to exclude bleeding as a cause of pain. An important next step in pain assessment is the evaluation of the predominant pain mechanism (ie nociceptive, neuropathic pain or altered central pain processing) as the treatment approach will be very different according to the underlying pain mechanism. Pain assessment should include both physiological and psychological components. This review summarizes the evidence regarding nociceptive, neuropathic and altered central pain processing in PwH and serves as a research agenda to prioritize pain research in PwH.
Migraine Care Challenges and Strategies in US Uninsured and Underinsured Adults: A Narrative Review, Part 2
Authors: Charleston Larry , Royce Jeffrey , Monteith Teshamae S. , Broner Susan W. , O'Brien Hope L. , Manrriquez Salvador L. , Robbins Matthew S. ,   On behalf of the Underserved Populations in Headache Medicine Special Interest Section of the American Headache Society
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo review the challenges and potential solutions in treatment options for quality migraine care in adult patients who are under or uninsured.BackgroundThe Affordable Care Act has improved access to health care for many; however, those who are underserved continue to face treatment disparities and have inadequate access to appropriate migraine management.MethodsThis manuscript is the second of a 2‐part narrative review which was performed after a series of discussions within the Underserved Populations in Headache Medicine Special Interest Section meetings of the American Headache Society. Literature was reviewed for key concepts underpinning conceptual boundaries and a broad overview of the subject matter. Published guidelines, state‐specific Medicaid websites, headache quality measurement sets, literature review, and expert opinion were used to tailor suggested treatment options and therapeutic strategies. In this second part of our narrative review, we explored migraine care strategies and considerations for underserved and vulnerable adult populations with migraine.ResultsAlthough common, migraine remains untreated, particularly among those of low socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status may play an important role in the disease progression, prescription of hazardous medications such as opioids, outcomes, and quality of life of patients with migraine and other headache disorders. There are some evidence‐based and guideline supported treatment options available at low cost that include prescription medications and supplements, though approved devices are costly. Resources available online and simple nonpharmacological strategies may be particularly useful in the underserved migraine population.ConclusionsWe identified and discussed migraine treatment barriers that affect underserved populations in the US and summarized practical, cost‐effective strategies to surmount them. However, more research is needed to identify the best cost‐effective measures for migraine management in underserved and vulnerable patients who are uninsured or underinsured.
Physical property anisotropy of foliated fault rocks: Study from the Nobeoka Thrust, Shimanto Belt, southwest Japan
Authors: Hamahashi Mari , Tanikawa Wataru , Hamada Yohei , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Saito Saneatsu , Kimura Gaku 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo investigate the physical property anisotropies of foliated fault rocks in subduction zones, the hanging wall phyllites and footwall cataclasites exhumed along the Nobeoka Thrust, a fossilized out‐of‐sequence‐thrust in the Shimanto Belt, Japan, was focused. Discrete physical property (electric resistivity, P‐ and S‐wave velocities, and porosity) measurements were conducted employing geologic coordinates (depth‐parallel direction, strike direction, and maximum dip direction of foliation), using the core samples obtained from the Nobeoka Thrust Drilling Project and compared the data to borehole geophysical logs. A higher sample P‐wave velocity (Vp), lower S‐wave velocity (Vs), higher Vp/Vs, and lower sample porosity and resistivity compared to the logs, are inferred to have been caused by the larger sampling scale of the logs and lower fluid saturation of the borehole. The phyllites and cataclasites exhibited substantial vertical and horizontal anisotropy of Vp (0.4–17.3 % and 2.7–13.8 %, respectively), Vs (0.5–56 % and 7.7–43 %, respectively), and resistivity (0.9–119 % and 2.0–65.9 %, respectively). The physical property anisotropies are primarily affected by the dip angles of foliation. The fault rocks that have gentler dip angles exhibit a higher Vp in the strike and maximum dip direction and a lower Vp in the depth‐parallel direction. In contrast, the fault rocks that have steeply dipping structures show a higher Vp in the strike and depth‐parallel directions with a lower velocity in the maximum dip direction. Resistivity anisotropy show a trend opposite to that of the Vp in relation to the dip angles. Our results show lower Vp anisotropy than those obtained in previous studies, which measured wave speeds perpendicular or parallel to foliation under confining pressure. This study highlights the significance of dip angles on vertical properties in geophysical surveys across foliated fault rocks.
Some equivalence results for a bargaining set in finite economies
Authors: Hervés‐Estévez Javier , Moreno‐García Emma 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a bargaining set for finite economies using Aubin's () veto and show its coincidence with the set of Walrasian allocations, providing a discrete approach to the characterization of competitive equilibria obtained by Mas‐Colell () for continuum economies. We also study how the restriction on the formation of coalitions affects the bargaining set. In the last part of the work, using our equivalence result along with some known characterizations of Walrasian allocations, we state additional interpretations of the bargaining set.
Bank regulation when both deposit rate control and capital requirements are socially costly
Authors: Nielsen Carsten Krabbe , Weinrich Gerd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe bank regulation reforms in the 1980s and 1990s saw deposit rate ceilings being replaced by minimum capital requirements. However, there seem to be no theoretical studies supporting these reforms; either the two instruments are considered for all practical purposes equivalent, or the conclusion is in favor of deposit regulation. In our model there is a real tradeoff between the two: capital regulation is costly because the opportunity costs of capital are higher than the return from normal banking activities, while deposit rate ceilings may result in an inefficiently large number of banks. We show that, depending on the opportunity costs of banking capital and on the severity of the moral hazard problem they seek to address, each of the two regulatory instruments may welfare‐dominate the other.
Deformations and Smile: 100 years of D'Arcy Thompson's On Growth and Form
Authors: Mardia Kanti V. , Bookstein Fred L. , Khambay Balvinder S. , Kent John T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A century ago, a Scottish biologist published ideas that would be built on generations later by those working in the field of statistical shape analysis. Kanti V. Mardia, Fred L. Bookstein, Balvinder S. Khambay and John T. Kent celebrate D'Arcy Thompson's most famous work on the 70th anniversary of his death
Statistics in Pursuit of Social Justice
Authors: Schramm Harrison , Koehlmoos Tracey Pérez , Nestler Scott 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Data skills are in demand. E-commerce, advertising and artificial intelligence companies are willing to pay substantial sums for statistical knowhow. But statisticians can do more than make their mark in business. They can have real impact on people's lives, write Harrison Schramm, Tracey Pérez Koehlmoos and Scott Nestler
Porosity effect on microstructure, mechanical, and fluid dynamic properties of Ti2AlC by direct foaming and gel‐casting
Authors: Potoczek Marek , Chmielarz Anna , Innocentini Murilo D. de M. , da Silva Izabela C. P. , Colombo Paolo , Winiarska Barbara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, Ti2AlC foams were fabricated by direct foaming and gel‐casting using agarose as gelling agent. Slurry viscosity, determined by the agarose content (at a fixed solids loading), as well as surfactant concentration and foaming time were the key parameters employed for controlling the foaming yield, and hence the foam porosity after sintering process. Fabricated foams having total porosity in the 62.5‐84.4 vol% range were systematically characterized to determine their pore size and morphology. The effect of the foam porosity on the room‐temperature compression strength and elastic modulus was also determined. Depending on the amount of porosity, the compression strength and Young's modulus were found to be in the range of 9‐91 MPa and 7‐52 GPa, respectively. Permeability to air flow at temperatures up to 700°C was investigated. Darcian (k1) and non‐Darcian (k2) permeability coefficients displayed values in the range 0.30‐93.44 × 10−11 m2 and 0.39‐345.54 × 10−7 m, respectively. The amount of porosity is therefore a very useful microstructural parameter for tuning the mechanical and fluid dynamic properties of Ti2AlC foams.
High‐temperature short‐range compressive responses and contact effect of ultrahigh porosity 3D random fibrous materials
Authors: Li Datao , Yu Wenshan , Xia Wei , Fang Qinzhi , Shen Shengping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThrough experiments and finite element modeling (FEM) of contacting fibers, we study the compressive responses of a 3‐dimensional (3D) random fibrous (RF) material of ultrahigh porosity (89%) in the through‐the‐thickness (TTT) and in‐plane (IP) directions from 299 (room temperature) to 1273 K. The experimental results indicate that localized failure and overall compressive deformation dominate the deformation process of RF materials loaded in the TTT direction at low and high temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, only localized failure is observed in the IP direction upon loading. Based on its morphological characteristics, a FE model that considers contact between the fibers is developed to simulate the compressive responses of the tested 3D RF material. In this model, the contact mechanism between the fibers is simulated based on a user‐defined nonlinear spring element. The simulated strength and elastic modulus agree well with the observations from the compressive experiments.
Copper reduced defective TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Ning Dongdong , Wei Hehe , Ou Gang , Zhang Ruoyu , Wu Hui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDefective TiO2 attracted increasing attention due to its high photocatalytic activities. Herein, we report a facile and efficient method to fabricate gray defective TiO2 by vacuum annealing raw TiO2 materials with copper powders. The treated TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced visible‐light‐photocatalytic performance with photo‐degradation rate increased to 400% as that of pristine commercial P25 under visible light. The performance enhancements can be attributed to the disordered structure, optimized optical and electronic properties of defective TiO2. In addition, this facile Cu reduction method provides an effective way to generate defective sites in other metal oxides for various potential applications.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties and electrocaloric effect in novel lead‐free (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3‐La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics
Authors: Li Feng , Lu Biao , Zhai Jiwei , Shen Bo , Zeng Huarong , Lu Shengguo , Viola Giuseppe , Yan Haixue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe crystal structure, electromechanical properties, and electrocaloric effect (ECE) in novel lead‐free (Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3‐La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics were investigated. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between the tetragonal and pseudocubic phase was found at x = 0.01‐0.02. In addition, the relaxor properties were enhanced with increasing the La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 content. In situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra were characterized to elucidate the phase transition behavior. The enhanced ECE (ΔT = 1.19 K) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33 = 103 pC/N) were obtained for x = 0.01 at room temperature. Meanwhile, the temperature stability of the ECE was considered to be related to the high depolarization temperature and relaxor characteristics of the Bi0.5K0.5TiO3‐based ceramics. The above results suggest that the piezoelectric and ECE properties can be simultaneously enhanced by establishing an MPB. These results also demonstrate the great potential of the studied systems for solid‐state cooling applications and piezoelectric‐based devices.
Tutorial of the probabilistic methods Bayesian networks and influence diagrams applied to medicine
Authors: Nistal‐Nuño Beatriz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnpredictability arises in numerous real‐world implementations especially in medical fields, being one of the principal subjects that expert systems have to deal with. Bayesian networks (BNs) allow constructing expert systems by utilizing likelihood as a measure of uncertainty. A BN is a statistical model that yields a graphical description of the probabilistic associations between a group of pertinent variables. Probabilistic reasoning involves computing the posterior probability of the unobserved variables given the accessible evidence, based on the application of the Bayes theorem. The principal benefit from BNs is that intricate relationships are decreased to simpler local dependencies. Graphical models utilization in health economics and medical decision‐making has been supported lately. The non‐existence of objective data frequently pressures the knowledge engineer to acquire the likelihoods from human experts’ estimations, which turns this task laborious. For this logic, a software explanation facility can help the expert and the knowledge engineer through this procedure. In order to depict graphically and approximate a decision problem, a BN can be extended with decision and utility nodes associated with the realization of the random variables. Such model is named influence diagram (ID). The main aim of this article is to present a tutorial of BNs and the decision‐theoretic model's IDs applied to medicine, including an explanation of these methods through several theoretical examples and illustrations of studies in the medical literature.
Phase contrast of spherical magnetic particles
Authors: GRAEF M. DE , NUHFER N. T. , McCARTNEY M. R. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper derives analytical expressions for the magnetic and electrostatic phase shifts of a plane electron wave upon traversing a spherical, uniformly magnetized particle with a non‐zero mean inner potential. The Aharonov—Bohm phase shift is represented in terms of dimensionless parameters. Standard Foucault and Fresnel Lorentz image simulations are presented for a range of particle sizes and saturation inductions. We discuss the detection limits of the Lorentz techniques and compare them with the sensitivity of the electron holography method. We conclude the paper with experimental holography results for nanocrystalline cobalt particles; the observed phase changes are in good agreement with the analytical predictions.
Expression patterns of tight junction proteins in porcine major salivary glands: a comparison study with human and murine glands
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Ming , Huang Yan , Zhang Kuo , Qu Ling‐Han , Cong Xin , Su Jia‐Zeng , Wu Li‐Ling , Yu Guang‐Yan , Zhang Yan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTight junction (TJ) proteins play a dynamic role in paracellular fluid transport in salivary gland epithelia. Most TJ studies are carried out in mice and rats. However, the morphology of rodent salivary glands differs from that of human glands. This study aimed to compare the histological features and the expression pattern of TJ proteins in porcine salivary glands with those of human and mouse. The results showed that porcine parotid glands were pure serous glands. Submandibular glands (SMGs) were serous acinar cell‐predominated mixed glands, whereas sublingual glands were mucous acinar cell‐predominated. Human SMGs were mixed glands containing fewer mucous cells than porcine SMGs, whereas the acinar cells of murine SMGs are seromucous. The histological features of the duct system in the porcine and human SMGs were similar and included intercalated, striated and excretory ducts, but the murine SMG contained a specific structure, the granular convoluted tubule. TJ proteins, including claudin‐1 to claudin‐12, occludin and zonula occludin‐1 (ZO‐1), were detected in the porcine major salivary glands and human SMGs by RT‐PCR; however, claudin‐6, claudin‐9 and claudin‐11 were not detected in the murine SMG. As shown by immunofluorescence, claudin‐1, claudin‐3, claudin‐4, occludin and ZO‐1 were distributed in both acinar and ductal cells in the porcine and human SMGs, whereas claudin‐1 and claudin‐3 were mainly present in acinar cells, and claudin‐4 was mainly distributed in ductal cells in the murine SMG. In addition, 3D images showed that the TJ proteins arranged in a honeycomb‐like structure on the luminal surface of the ducts, whereas their arrangements in acini were irregular in porcine SMGs. In summary, the expression pattern of TJ proteins in salivary glands is similar between human and miniature pig, which may be a candidate animal for studies on salivary gland TJ function.