bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the genetic risk for the development of axial spondyloarthropathy: could this become a diagnostic tool?
Authors: Wordsworth Bryan P. , Cohen Carla J. , Vecellio Matteo 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
To assess the utility of recent genetic findings in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA) in relation to diagnostic testing, prognosis and responses to biologic treatment and the development of new therapies.

Recent findings
AS and other forms of SpA are polygenic with more than 100 genes contributing to disease susceptibility. The role of genes in determining the outcome of the disease and response to treatment is less clear. Here, we review some of the progress that has been made over the past decade in understanding the genetic contribution to these diseases and how this may be used to inform the development of new treatments. In those with a high pretest probability of SpA human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 testing can increase the posttest predictive value to almost 100% in some cases. There are currently no reliable genetic predictors of disease severity or response to treatment.

Summary
The utility of HLA-B27 as a diagnostic tool when coupled with careful clinical assessment is well established but other genetic markers probably have relatively little to add. In contrast, novel drug targets are likely to be identified from genetic association studies.
Frequency and Acceptability of Adverse Events After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Wilson Jefferson R. , Radcliff Kris , Schroeder Gregory , Booth Madison , Lucasti Christopher , Fehlings Michael , Ahmad Nassr , Vaccaro Alexander , Arnold Paul , Sciubba Daniel , Ching Alex , Smith Justin , Shaffrey Christopher , Singh Kern , Darden Bruce , Daffner Scott , Cheng Ivan , Ghogawala Zoher , Ludwig Steven , Buchowski Jacob , Brodke Darrel , Wang Jeffrey , Lehman Ronald A. , Hilibrand Alan , Yoon Tim , Grauer Jonathan , Dailey Andrew , Steinmetz Michael , Harrop James S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has a low but well-established profile of adverse events. The goal of this study was to gauge surgeon opinion regarding the frequency and acceptability of these events.

Methods:
A 2-page survey was distributed to attendees at the 2015 Cervical Spine Research Society (CSRS) meeting. Respondents were asked to categorize 18 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion–related adverse events as either: “common and acceptable,” “uncommon and acceptable,” “uncommon and sometimes acceptable,” or “uncommon and unacceptable.” Results were compiled to generate the relative frequency of these responses for each complication. Responses for each complication event were also compared between respondents based on practice location (US vs. non-US), primary specialty (orthopedics vs. neurosurgery) and years in practice.

Results:
Of 150 surveys distributed, 115 responses were received (76.7% response rate), with the majority of respondents found to be US-based (71.3%) orthopedic surgeons (82.6%). Wrong level surgery, esophageal injury, retained drain, and spinal cord injury were considered by most to be unacceptable and uncommon complications. Dysphagia and adjacent segment disease occurred most often, but were deemed acceptable complications. Although surgeon experience and primary specialty had little impact on responses, practice location was found to significantly influence responses for 12 of 18 complications, with non-US surgeons found to categorize events more toward the uncommon and unacceptable end of the spectrum as compared with US surgeons.

Conclusions:
These results serve to aid communication and transparency within the field of spine surgery, and will help to inform future quality improvement and best practice initiatives.
Genetic convergence of rare lymphomas
Authors: Shingleton Jennifer R. , Dave Sandeep S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
We review the genetic foundations of different rare lymphomas to examine their shared origins. These data indicate the potential application of genomics to improve the diagnosis and treatment of these rare diseases.

Recent findings
Next generation sequencing technologies have provided an important window into the genetic underpinnings of lymphomas. A growing body of evidence indicates that although some genetic alterations are specific to certain diseases, others are shared across different lymphomas. Many such genetic events have already demonstrated clinical utility, such as BRAF V600E that confers sensitivity to vemurafenib in patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Summary
The rareness of many lymphoma subtypes makes the conduct of clinical trials and recruitment of significant numbers of patients impractical. However, a knowledge of the shared genetic origins of these rare lymphomas has the potential to inform ‘basket’ clinical trials in which multiple lymphoma subtypes are included. These trials would include patients based on the presence of alterations in targetable driver genes. Such approaches would be greatly strengthened by a systematic assessment of significant patient numbers from each subtype using next generation sequencing.
Predicting cardiovascular disease in familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Paquette Martine , Baass Alexis 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
Familial hypercholesterolemia is a frequent genetic disease associated with a high lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are the cornerstone of treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia; however, with the advent of novel LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies, it has become necessary to identify familial hypercholesterolemia subjects presenting a significant residual CVD risk. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the recent literature concerning cardiovascular risk stratification in familial hypercholesterolemia.

Recent findings
Recently, several clinical and genetic factors have been shown to be independent predictors of CVD in familial hypercholesterolemia. These include clinical scores such as the Montreal-FH-SCORE, novel protein biomarkers, carotid plaque score and genetic predictors such as genetic risk scores as well as single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Summary
Although there has been recent progress in cardiovascular risk stratification in familial hypercholesterolemia, there is still a need to further refine our knowledge concerning phenotype modifiers in this disease. Indeed, current known predictors do not explain the entirety of cardiovascular risk. More precise individual risk stratification in familial hypercholesterolemia could help to better tailor the proper therapy for each patient.
Managing the late effects of chemoradiation on swallowing: bolstering the beginning, minding the middle, and cocreating the end
Authors: Goldsmith Tessa , Jacobson Marlene C. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
Late dysphagia has a profound impact on quality of life in patients treated with chemoradiation therapy for advanced head and neck cancer and the number of survivors is growing. Traditional treatment methods are not uniformly successful in reducing the swallow impairment in these patients.

Recent findings
Manifestations of late dysphagia are complex and do not follow a uniform trajectory. Patient's experience of eating and engagement in treatment is critical given the complex, variable nature of late dysphagia. Novel swallow treatment methods target respiratory function including coordination and strength as well as patient adherence.

Summary
Head and neck cancer survivors deserve routine and fastidious surveillance beyond the 5-year survival point with respect to swallow function if the enormous biopsychosocial burden of late dysphagia is to be addressed.
Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurements and Objective Measurements after Cubital Tunnel Decompression
Authors: Koziej Mateusz , Trybus Marek , Banach Marta , Bednarek Marcin , Chrapusta Anna , Szuścik Marek , Piątek-Koziej Katarzyna , Tomaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The aims of this study were (1) to compare the responsiveness of disease and hand-related issues, including health status–related questions, in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome; and (2) to assess whether these tools and objective hand tests are associated with the results of nerve conduction studies after a simple cubital tunnel syndrome decompression.

Methods:
Forty-seven patients with diagnosed condition were enrolled in the study. The following tools were used preoperatively and again at 3 and 6 months: the Patient-Rated Ulnar Nerve Evaluation; the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire; the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey; the pain visual analogue scale with activity; the grip and key pinch test, two-point discrimination, and the ulnar nerve conduction studies test.

Results:
All questionnaires and pain visual analogue scale, two-point discrimination, and nerve conduction studies improved significantly at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.05) compared with preoperative outcomes. Correlations were observed between preoperative motor conduction velocity, preoperative work of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (R = −0.38; p = 0.049), and pain visual analogue scale during activity (R = 0.47; p = 0.025). A correlation was found between motor conduction velocity change after 6 months and the hand function of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire after 6 months (R = 0.57; p = 0.017).

Conclusion:
The Patient-Rated Ulnar Nerve Evaluation and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire were more responsive for short-term recovery compared with other measures; however, only the latter correlated with motor conduction velocity.
A mechanistic hydro-epidemiological model of liver fluke risk
Authors: Beltrame Ludovica , Dunne Toby , Vineer Hannah Rose , Walker Josephine G. , Morgan Eric R. , Vickerman Peter , McCann Catherine M. , Williams Diana J.L. , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe majority of existing models for predicting disease risk in response to climate change are empirical. These models exploit correlations between historical data, rather than explicitly describing relationships between cause and response variables. Therefore, they are unsuitable for capturing impacts beyond historically observed variability and cannot be employed to assess interventions. In this study, we integrate environmental and epidemiological processes into a new mechanistic model, taking the widespread parasitic disease of fasciolosis as an example. The model simulates environmental suitability for disease transmission, explicitly linking the parasite life-cycle to key weather-water-environment conditions. First, using epidemiological data, we show that the model can reproduce observed infection levels in time and space over two case studies in the UK. Second, to overcome data limitations, we propose a calibration approach based on Monte Carlo sampling and expert opinion, which allows constraint of the model in a process-based way, including a quantification of uncertainty. Finally, comparison with information from the literature and a widely-used empirical risk index shows that the simulated disease dynamics agree with what has been traditionally observed, and that the new model gives better insight into the time-space patterns of infection, which will be valuable for decision support.
Countries’ geographic latitude and their human populations’ cholesterol and blood pressure
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Brook Robert D. , Liu Xuefeng , Byrd James Brian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground Sunlight has been hypothesized to play a role in variation in cardiovascular disease according to geographic latitude. Objectives To evaluate the plausibility of sunlight as a factor in populations’ average cholesterol and blood pressure Methods We analyzed World Health Organization data including 180 or more countries’ age-standardized average cholesterol, age-standardized mean systolic blood pressure (BP), and age-standardized prevalence of raised BP, by geographic latitude, over decades. We also performed analysis by ultraviolet B light (UVB) exposure. Results Mean cholesterol increases with the distance of a country from the Equator. This relationship has changed very little since 1980. Similarly, in 1975, mean systolic BP and prevalence of raised BP were higher in countries farther from the Equator. However, the relationship between latitude and BP has changed dramatically; by 2015, the opposite pattern was observed in women. Countries’ average UVB exposure has a stable relationship with cholesterol over recent decades, but a changing relationship with BP. Conclusions Since sunlight exposure in a country is relatively fixed and its relationship with BP has changed dramatically in recent decades, countries’ average sunlight exposure is an unlikely explanation for contemporary country-level variation in BP. However, our findings are consistent with a putative effect of sunlight on countries’ average cholesterol, as well as a no longer detectable effect on BP decades ago. A parsimonious potential explanation for the relationship between light and cholesterol is that 7-dehydrocholesterol can be converted to cholesterol, or in the presence of ultraviolet light, can instead be converted to vitamin D.
Radially-patterned cell behaviours during tube budding from an epithelium
Authors: Sanchez-Corrales Yara E. , Blanchard Guy B. , Röper Katja 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe budding of tubular organs from flat epithelial sheets is a vital morphogenetic process. Cell behaviours that drive such processes are only starting to be unraveled. Using live imaging and novel morphometric methods we show that in addition to apical constriction, radially oriented directional intercalation of placodal cells plays a major contribution to the early stages of invagination of the salivary gland tube in theDrosophilaembryo. Extending analyses in 3D, we find that near the pit of invagination, isotropic apical constriction leads to strong cell wedging, and further from the pit cells interleave circumferentially, suggesting apically driven behaviours. Supporting this, junctional myosin is enriched in, and neighbour exchanges biased towards the circumferential orientation. In a mutant failing pit specification, neither are biased due to an inactive pit. Thus, tube budding depends on a radially polarised pattern of apical myosin leading to radially oriented 3D cell behaviours, with a close mechanical interplay between invagination and intercalation.
Extreme Amyloid Polymorphism in Staphylococcus aureus Virulent PSMα Peptides
Authors: Salinas Nir , Colletier Jacques-Philippe , Moshe Asher , Landau Meytal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMembers of the Staphylococcus aureus phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptide family are secreted as functional amyloids that serve diverse roles in pathogenicity and may be present as full-length peptides or as naturally occurring truncations. We recently showed that the activity of PSMα3, the most toxic member, stems from the formation of cross-α fibrils, which are at variance with the cross-β fibrils linked with eukaryotic amyloid pathologies. Here, we show that PSMα1 and PSMα4, involved in biofilm structuring, form canonical cross-β amyloid fibrils wherein β-sheets tightly mate through steric zipper interfaces, conferring high stability. Contrastingly, a truncated PSMα3 has antibacterial activity, forms reversible fibrils, and reveals two polymorphic and atypical β-rich fibril architectures. These architectures are radically different from both the cross-α fibrils formed by full-length PSMα3, and from the canonical cross-β fibrils. Our results point to structural plasticity being at the basis of the functional diversity exhibited by S. aureus PSMαs.
Interactive technology embedded in fashion emotional design
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Nagai Yukari , Fang Yuan , Maekawa Masami 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between human emotions and wearable technologies for interactive fashion innovation. To consider the reasons why smart clothing should satisfy the internet of things (IoT) technical functions and human emotional expression simultaneously, to investigate the manner in which artistic design perspectives and engineering methods combined effectively, to explore the R&D elements of future smart clothing based on the IoT technology.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines artistic design perspectives with information-sensing engineering methods as well askanseievaluation method. Micro-sensors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) embedded in couples clothing prototype. The first experiment step in the design and production of prototype clothing, and do the initial emotional evaluation. The second experiment is the comparative evaluation of the prototype and other typical smart clothing.FindingsThe interactive clothing prototype was proven to correlate well with human emotional expressive patterns. The evaluation I indicated the prototype can stimulate the emotional response of the participants to achieve a higher score in the activate sensor state. Evaluation II revealed that in the process of interactive clothing design, the technical functionality should synchronize with the requirements of human emotional expression.Originality/valueThis study builds the research and development theoretical model of interactive clothing that can be integrated into daily smart clothing life design, and analyze the methods and means of blending IoT smart information-sensing technology with emotional design. By means of this experimental demonstration of human-centered interactive clothing design, the authors provide smart clothing 3.0 evolutionary roadmap and propose a new concept of internet of clothes (IoC) for further research reference.
BRICS-United Nations regional groups’ trade patterns: a panel-gravity approach
Authors: Jabalameli Farkhondeh , Rasoulinezhad Ehsan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the similarities in the foreign trade patterns of China and the other BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) members.

Design/methodology/approach
Three panel data estimations, namely, fixed effect, random effect and fully modified ordinary least squares, have been conducted in this paper based on the gravitational model of international trade for bilateral trade of each BRICS member with five United Nations (UN) regional groups from 2001 to 2015.

Findings
The results revealed that Russia has a dissimilar trade pattern, based on the Heckscher–Ohlin (H-O) framework, with these five regional groups, while the other BRICS members follow the Linder hypothesis. Furthermore, it was found that China has a faster pace of globalization, while the rest of the BRICS members have experienced regionalization rather than globalization. In addition, geographical distance, as a proxy for transportation cost, has a weaker negative effect on the trade patterns of China and India, which makes the trade patterns of BRICS members dissimilar.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to examine and compare the BRICS member countries’ foreign trade pattern through a gravity trade approach.
The relationship between students’ subject preferences and their information behaviour
Authors: Madden Andrew D. , Webber Sheila , Ford Nigel , Crowder Mary 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between preferred choice of school subject and student information behaviour (IB).

Design/methodology/approach
Mixed methods were employed. In all, 152 students, teachers and librarians participated in interviews or focus groups. In total, 1,375 students, key stage 3 (11-14 years) to postgraduate, responded to a questionnaire. The research population was drawn from eight schools, two further education colleges and three universities. Insights from the literature review and the qualitative research phase led to a hypothesis which was investigated using the questionnaire: that students studying hard subjects are less likely to engage in deep IB than students studying soft subjects.

Findings
Results support the hypothesis that preferences for subjects at school affect choice of university degree. The hypothesis that a preference for hard or soft subjects affects IB is supported by results of an analysis in which like or dislike of maths/ICT is correlated with responses to the survey. Interviewees’ comments led to the proposal that academic subjects can be classified according to whether a subject helps students to acquire a “tool of the Mind” or to apply such a tool. A model suggesting how IB may differ depending on whether intellectual tools are being acquired or applied is proposed.

Practical implications
The “inner logic” of certain subjects and their pedagogies appears closely linked to IB. This should be considered when developing teaching programmes.

Originality/value
The findings offer a new perspective on subject classification and its association with IB, and a new model of the association between IB and tool acquisition or application is proposed, incorporating the perspectives of both teacher and student.
A learning-based framework adopting post occupancy evaluation for improving the performance of architectural design firms
Authors: Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Elsaay Heba 
Published: April 2018

PurposeDespite the active role of continuous learning on improving organizational performance, the construction industry generally and architectural design firms (ADFs) in particular are criticized for their inability to properly use learning to improve their performance. This paper aims to develop a business improvement framework based on post occupancy evaluation (POE) as a learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the above-mentioned aim, a twofold research strategy, namely, theoretical and practical, is used to achieve four objectives. The theoretical approach is used to conduct thorough literature review to investigate three main topics: building performance, organizational performance and learning organization. The practical approach is used to present and synthesize two relevant field studies to examine the role of POE toward improving the performance of ADFs and evaluate the perception and application of ADFs in Egypt toward improving their performance through POE. Based on the results gleaned from the objectives, the research developed a framework to facilitate the adoption and application of POE as a learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs. Finally, research conclusions and recommendations useful to ADFs and future research are outlined.FindingsThe construction industry is a fragmented business that is characterized by low performance compared to other industries. This is because the separation between design, construction and end-users results in missing the opportunity to provide designers with learned lessons, feedback and suggestions for design improvement that ultimately obstructs the performance of ADFs. POE is an effective tool adopted to measure building performance and provide learning environment to improve the performance of new projects and ADFs. The research realized that there is a need to fill the gap in construction literature concerning improving ADFs’ performance through POE and to develop a framework to facilitate the adoption and application of POE as a learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focused on improving the performance of ADFs only.Practical implicationsThe framework developed by this research establishes organized procedures to enable AFDs to implement POE and use its benefits toward improving their performance.Originality/valueThis paper presents a business improvement framework integrating POE as learning tool for improving the performance of ADFs. This ideology has received scant attention in construction literature. The developed framework represents a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred.