bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scleral Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses Using Gore-Tex Suture: Clinical Outcomes From a Single Institution
Authors: Botsford Benjamin , Williams Andrew M. , Conner Ian P. , Eller Andrew W. , Martel Joseph N. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the clinical outcomes of scleral fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using Gore-Tex suture at our institution. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent scleral fixation of an IOL with Gore-Tex suture with concurrent pars plana vitrectomy. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed. Results: Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients were included with a mean follow-up interval of 210 days (range, 33–720 days). The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/480 (1.38 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) preoperatively to 20/78 (0.59 logMAR) postoperatively ( P < .001). Indications included dislocated lens implant (42), aphakia without capsular support (18), and subluxation of crystalline lens (14). Bausch and Lomb Akreos AO60 IOL was implanted in 52 eyes, Alcon CZ70BD in 15, and Bausch and Lomb enVista MX60 in 6. Postoperative complications included temporary ocular hypertension in 9 eyes (12%), temporary hypotony in 7 (9%), cystoid macular edema in 3 eyes (4%), corneal decompensation in 2 eyes (3%), IOL dislocation requiring exchange in 1 case (1.4%), vitreous hemorrhage in 2 cases (3%), and retinal detachment in 2 cases (3%). There were no cases of postoperative suture breakage or erosion, endophthalmitis, or hyphema. Conclusions: The use of Gore-Tex suture in scleral fixation of posterior chamber IOLs was well tolerated at a mean follow-up interval of 210 days. There were no suture-related complications.
Bacterial contamination of frequently touched objects in a tertiary care hospital of Pokhara, Nepal: how safe are our hands?
Authors: Bhatta Dharm Raj , Hamal Deependra , Shrestha Rajani , Hosuru Subramanya Supram , Baral Nisha , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Nayak Niranjan , Gokhale Shishir 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Objects frequently touched by patients and healthcare workers in hospitals harbor potential pathogens and may act as source of infectious agents. This study aimed to determine the bacterial contamination of common hospital objects frequently touched by patients, visitors and healthcare workers.

Methods
A total of 232 samples were collected from various sites like surface of biometric attendance devices, elevator buttons, door handles, staircase railings, telephone sets and water taps. Isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by standard microbiological techniques. Biofilm forming ability of the S. aureus isolates was tested by a microtitre plate method.

Results
A total of 232 samples were collected and 219 bacterial isolates were recovered from 181 samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial isolate (44/219). Majority of S. aureus isolates were recovered from elevator buttons, biometric attendance devices and door handles. Among the S. aureus isolates, 36.3% (16/44) were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) while remaining were methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Out of 44 S. aureus isolates, 12 (29.5%) were multidrug resistant and 14 (31.8%) were biofilm producers. The majority of MRSA isolates 62.5% (10/16) were biofilm producers. Acinetobacter was the most common Gram negative isolate followed by E coli and Pseudomonas species.

Conclusions
High bacterial contamination of frequently touched objects with variety of potential pathogens and normal flora was detected. S. aureus was the most common bacterial isolate. Biofilm forming ability offers additional survival advantage to the organisms on these objects. Present study highlights the need of improved hand hygiene among healthcare workers and regular cleaning/disinfection of sites of frequent public contact.
The outcomes of home treatment for schizophrenia
Authors: Huang Hannah Chu Han , Taylor Mark , Carmichael Alasdair 
Published: August 2018

Aims and methodWe examined whether intensive home treatment (IHTT) was beneficial for acute schizophrenia, using the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale as a measure of severity and change, between 2011–2015. Demographic and clinical details were collected.Results309 cases were referred to IHTT, comprising 245 separate individuals. This represented all severe acute psychotic episodes in Edinburgh during the study period. Three quarters of individuals had an improvement in CGI following IHTT and were safely managed at home. Thirty-nine per cent of all people received three or more regular medications. Comorbid drug and alcohol misuse was also frequently seen.Clinical implicationsIHTT can be beneficial to those suffering an acute episode of psychosis and has been shown to improve overall clinical outcome based on the CGI. Medication polypharmacy, as well as drug and alcohol use, are commonly seen in this population.Declaration of interestM.T. worked in IHTT at the time of the study, and has received fees and/or hospitality from Janssen, Lundbeck and Otsuka in the past 3 years.
The Social Costs of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Leon Andrew C. , Portera Laura , Weissman Myrna M. 
Published: August 2018

Background. The social costs of anxiety disorders, which afflict a substantial proportion of the general population in the United States, are considered.Method. Data from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiological Catchment Area Program were analysed.Results. Over 6% of men and 13% of women in the sample of 18 571 had suffered from a DSM–III anxiety disorder in the past six months. Nearly 30% of those with panic disorder had used the general medical system for emotional, alcohol or drug-related problems in the six months prior to the interview. Those with anxiety disorders were also more likely to seek help from emergency rooms and from the specialised mental health system. Men with panic disorder, phobias or obsessive–compulsive disorder in the previous six months are more likely to be chronically unemployed and to receive disability or welfare.Discussion. Once correctly diagnosed there are safe and effective psychopharmacologic and behavioural treatments for the anxiety disorders. Nevertheless the burden of anxiety disorders extends beyond the direct costs of treatment to the indirect costs of impaired social functioning.
Costs and Offset Effect in Panic Disorders
Authors: Salvador-Carulla L. , Seguí J. , Fernández-Cano P. , Canet J. 
Published: August 2018

Background. The study is aimed at assessing the costs before and after the diagnosis and the provision of effective treatment for panic disorder (PD), and the offset effect related to the psychiatric encounter.Method. A 24-month prepost design was used to collect data on clinical status and health care services utilisation in a natural environment. The 61 PD patients' assessment included the SCID-UP, ratings on general functioning, improvement, severity of symptoms and level of disability. All health care services used and lost workdays were recorded.Results. Both sociodemographic characteristics and the outcome show that this was a standard group of PD patients, who received effective treatment for their condition. The total direct costs of health care use during the previous year and the year after the diagnosis were, respectively, US$ 29 1 58 and US$ 46 256. The indirect costs of lost productivity were US$ 65 643 in period I and US$ 13 883 in period II.Conclusions. A strong offset effect (94%) has been found in this study, significantly greater than the one described for psychiatric disorders as a whole. The costs of nondiagnosis are usually overlooked when estimating the global costs of PD. Methods for improving early detection of PD may substantially reduce the costs incurred before diagnosis.
Prevalence of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with mood and addictive disorders
Authors: Regier D. A. , Rae D. S. , Narrow W. E. , Kaelber C. T. , Schatzberg A. F. 
Published: August 2018

Background The co-occurrence of anxiety disorders with other mental, addictive, and physical disorders has important implications for treatment and for prediction of clinical course and associated morbidity.Method Cross-sectional and prospective data on 20 291 individuals from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study were analysed to determine one-month, current disorders, one-year incidence, and one-year and lifetime prevalence of anxiety, mood, and addictive disorders, and to identify the onset and offset of disorders within the one-year prospective period.Results Nearly half (47.2%) of those meeting lifetime criteria for major depression also have met criteria for a comorbid anxiety disorder. The average age of onset of any lifetime anxiety disorder (16.4 years) and social phobia (11.6 years) among those with major depression was much younger than the onset age for major depression (23.2 years) and panic disorder.Conclusions Anxiety disorders, especially social and simple phobias, appear to have an early onset in adolescence with potentially severe consequences, predisposing those affected to greater vulnerability to major depression and addictive disorders.
Fluoxetine Efficacy vs Comparative Drugs: An Overview
Authors: Lader Malcolm 
Published: August 2018

The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were discovered accidentally by pharmaceutical chemists seeking first, better antihistamines and then antipsychotic agents. Careful clinical assessment revealed the antidepressant properties and suggested that the closer the patient resembled the classical textbook description of ‘endogenous’ depression, the more likely was an adequate clinical response to occur (Kuhn, 1958). However, it was quickly realised that the TCAs possess a plethora of side-effects, particularly sedation and symptoms related to their anticholinergic effects.Despite much research over the past 25 years, it is unclear how TCAs effect clinical improvement. The two main neurotransmitters involved in some way are noradrenaline (Schildkraut, 1965) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin; Van Praag, 1977). It was proposed that TCAs acted by blocking the reuptake of one or other or both of these neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their concentration in the synaptic cleft. However, as well as these acute effects, chronic effects, such as a decrease in the number of central beta-adrenoceptors (‘down-regulation’) occur, and these are probably more relevant to the clinical action.
Home-oriented management programme for people with early psychosis
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul , Kulkarni Jayashri 
Published: August 2018

Background The HOMES (Home-Oriented Management of Early Psychosis) programme is a new home-based management programme for people presenting for the firsttime with psychotic illnesses. The present paper aims to present preliminary data as to the efficacy of this programme and factors identified as being associated with successful prevention of hospital admission.Method The programme applied to all the people presenting to the Dandenong Hospital Department of Psychiatry with first-episode psychosis who are considered suitable at first assessment for home-based management. A programme description is included in the paper. Prospective evaluation data on the first 31 people managed within the programme is presented.Results Twenty-two out of 31 people were managed without the necessity for hospital admission. Illness severity was not related to the ability to manage this group of people outside of hospital. The level of social support and duration of untreated psychosis prior to treatment, may be most closely related to home-based treatment success.Conclusions Home-based management of people with first-episode psychosis is feasible and offers a viable alternative to admission for this group. Home-based treatment is dependent on the degree of social support but is independent of the degree of illness severity.
Cognitive effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia
Authors: Sharma Tonmoy 
Published: August 2018

“Mental efficiency is always diminished to a considerable extent. The patients are distracted, inattentive, tired, dull, do not take pleasure in work, their mind wanders, they lose the connection, they ‘cannot keep the thought in mind‘…” (Kraepelin, 1898)Cognitive dysfunction has long been recognised as a cardinal feature of schizophrenia, dating back to Kraepelin's description of dementia praecox (1919). Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is seen early in the illness and is initially mild, increasing in severity in some chronic patients. It is recognised as a primary and pervasive deficit that is independent of positive symptoms in that it persists after resolution of acute symptoms. It is not restricted to a subgroup and is seen to a greater or lesser extent in almost all patients suffering from schizophrenia (Goldberg et al, 1990).
Characterization of diabetic neuropathy progression in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: De Gregorio Cristian , Contador David , Campero Mario , Ezquer Marcelo , Ezquer Fernando 
Published: August 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of most frequent chronic diseases with an increasing incidence in most countries. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the earliest and main complications of diabetic patients, which is characterized by progressive, distal-to-proximal degeneration of peripheral nerves. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger DN are highly complex, heterogeneous and not completely known. Animal models have constituted a valuable tool for understanding diabetes pathophysiology; however, the temporal course of DN progression in animal models of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is not completely understood.
In this work, we characterized the onset and progression of DN in BKS db/db mice, including the main functional and histological features observed in the human disease. We demonstrated that diabetic animals display a progressive sensory loss and electrophysiological impairments in early-to-mid phases of disease. Furthermore, we detected an early decrease in intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) density in 18-week-old diabetic mice, which is highly associated with sensory loss and constitutes a reliable marker of DN. Other common histological parameters of DN, like Schwann cells apoptosis and infiltration of CD3+ cells in the sciatic nerve, were altered in mid-to-late phases of disease.
Our results support the general consensus that DN evolves from initial functional to late structural changes. This work aimed to characterize the progression of DN in a reliable animal model sharing the main human disease features, which is necessary to assess new therapies for this complex disease. Finally, we also aimed to identify an effective temporal window where these potential treatments could be successfully applied.
Glypican 4 and Mmp14 interact in regulating the migration of anterior endodermal cells by limiting extracellular matrix deposition
Authors: Hu Bo , Gao Yuanyuan , Davies Lauren , Woo Stephanie , Topczewski Jacek , Jessen Jason R. , Lin Fang 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
During embryogenesis, the germ layers, including the endoderm, undergo convergence and extension movements to narrow and elongate the body plan. In zebrafish, the dorsal migration of endodermal cells during gastrulation is controlled by chemokine signaling, but little is known about how they migrate during segmentation. Here, we show that glypican 4 (Gpc4), a member of the heparin sulfate proteoglycan family, is required for efficient migration of anterior endodermal cells during early segmentation, regulating Rac activation to maintain polarized actin-rich lamellipodia. An endoderm transplantation assay showed that Gpc4 regulates endoderm migration in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Further analyses revealed that the impaired endoderm migration in gpc4 mutants results from increases in the expression and assembly of fibronectin and laminin, major components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Notably, we found that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (Mmp14a/b) is required for the control of ECM expression during endoderm migration, with Gpc4 acting through Mmp14a/b to limit ECM expression. Our results suggest that Gpc4 is crucial for generating the environment required for efficient migration of endodermal cells, uncovering a novel function of Gpc4 during development.
Arginine and the metabolic regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in cancer
Authors: Keshet Rom , Erez Ayelet 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays important roles in diverse biological processes and thus its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of various disorders. In cancer, NO has broad and sometimes dichotomous roles; it is involved in cancer initiation and progression, but also restricts cancer proliferation and invasion, and contributes to the anti-tumor immune response. The importance of NO in a range of cellular processes is exemplified by its tight spatial and dosage control at multiple levels, including via its transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic regulation. In this Review, we focus on the regulation of NO via the synthesis and availability of its precursor, arginine, and discuss the implications of this metabolic regulation for cancer biology and therapy. Despite the established contribution of NO to cancer pathogenesis, the implementation of NO-related cancer therapeutics remains limited, likely due to the challenge of targeting and inducing its protective functions in a cell- and dosage-specific manner. A better understanding of how arginine regulates the production of NO in cancer might thus support the development of anti-cancer drugs that target this key metabolic pathway, and other metabolic pathways involved in NO production.
In vitro drusen model – three-dimensional spheroid culture of retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Usui Hideaki , Nishiwaki Akiko , Landiev Lanors , Kacza Johannes , Eichler Wolfram , Wako Rina , Kato Aki , Takase Noriaki , Kuwayama Soichiro , Ohashi Kazuki , Yafai Yousef , Bringmann Andreas , Kubota Ayae , Ogura Yuichiro , Seeger Johannes , Wiedemann Peter , Yasukawa Tsutomu 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in people over 50 years of age in many developed countries. Drusen are yellowish extracellular deposits beneath retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) found in aging eyes and considered as a biomarker of AMD. However, the biogenesis of drusen has not been elucidated. We reported previously that multicellular spheroids of human RPE cells constructed a well-differentiated monolayer of RPE with a Bruch's membrane. We determined that RPE spheroids exhibited drusen formation between the RPE and Bruch's membrane with expression of many drusen-associated proteins, such as amyloid β and complement components, the expression of which was altered by a challenge with oxidative stress. Artificial lipofuscin-loaded RPE spheroids yielded drusen more frequently. In the current study, we showed that drusen originates from the RPE. This culture system is an attractive tool for use as an in vitro drusen model, which might help elucidate the biogenesis of drusen and the pathogenesis of related diseases, such as AMD.
Marketing etnográfico
Authors: Barbosa Lívia 
Published: August 2018

A etnografia pode oferecer ao marketing um rico instrumental para o mapeamento do universo simbólico e das práticas de consumo. Sua eficiência será maior se utilizada segundo os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos definidos pela antropologia, bastante diversos daqueles da pesquisa tradicional. Conduzida por pesquisadores sem formação adequada, a pesquisa de campo é desperdício de tempo, de dinheiro e de expectativas.
Evitando o colapso organizacional
Authors: Rego Arménio , Cunha Miguel Pina e 
Published: August 2018

Assistimos, dia após dia, ao desaparecimento de empresas. O fato é corriqueiro, mas uma pergunta permanece, despertando nossa preocupação ou curiosidade: que fatores conduzem as empresas ao colapso? Entre as diversas razões, muitas podem ser tratadas, e algumas delas com medidas relativamente simples. Este artigo mostra ao leitor algumas dessas razões e propõe medidas de prevenção contra o declínio e o colapso.
Fábio Barbosa [entrevistado por Adriana Wilner]
Authors: Barbosa Fábio 
Published: August 2018

O presidente do banco REAL ABN-AMRO, Fábio Barbosa, é uma figura de destaque no cenário empresarial brasileiro por suas posições abertas e arejadas. Com experiência em grandes empresas multinacionais, como Nestlé e Citibank, Fábio esteve à frente de grandes processos de mudança organizacional, como a aquisição e fusão do Banco Real. Nesta entrevista concedida à RAE-executivo, ele fala sobre produtividade, fusão de empresas e responsabilidade social.
Corporações na vitrine
Authors: Reis Dayr , Peña Leticia , Betton John 
Published: August 2018

Por muito tempo as empresas agiram como se não tivessem nenhuma outra responsabilidade além da produção de bens e serviços. Essa realidade mudou. Mais expostas ao ambiente, as empresas hoje interagem com diversos grupos sociais de interesse. Seu sucesso, e sua perenidade, agora depende da capacidade de entender as demandas explícitas e latentes desses grupos e prover respostas adequadas e alinhadas com sua própria estratégia.
Camargo Corrêa
Authors: Terzian Françoise 
Published: August 2018

A gestão de projetos tornou-se um tema de extrema importância no mundo empresarial. Para fazer frente à crescente complexidade do mercado, aoaumento do nível de competição e à sofisticação dos clientes, a Camargo Corrêa desenvolveu um sistema próprio de gestão de empreendimentos,baseado no estado-da-arte do conhecimento sobre o tema. Entre os resultados colhidos, destacam-se a otimização e a uniformização dos processos de trabalho.
Co-criadores de marcas
Authors: Kulpas Sérgio 
Published: August 2018

A combinação entre ferramentas de autoria e acesso à internet de alta velocidade tem alterado o monopólio deempresas em relação a suas marcas. Isso quer dizer que a construção da marca, em época de intensa reprodutibilidade digital, não é mais exclusividade de especialistas de marketing: qualquer pessoa, em qualquer parte do mundo, pode co-participar do processo. Analisamos esse fenômeno para as empresas, explorando os paradoxos envolvidos nessa co-criação da marca corporativa.
A cauda longa
Authors: Borges Julio Daio 
Published: August 2018

Na sociedade de massas, poucos produtos atraíam o interesse de compra de milhares de consumidores. Com o advento da Internet, porém, o mercado de massas parece estar cedendo a um mercado de nicho em que o consumo se diversifica e a receita total de uma multidão de produtos com baixo volume unitário de vendas se aproxima ou se iguala à receita total dos poucos grandes sucessos. Este artigo analisa esse fenômeno, denominado na literatura de “efeito cauda longa”.
Dell Computadores
Authors: Terzian Françoise 
Published: August 2018

Conhecida por ter um modelo de negócios inovador, a Dell tem sido levada a se reinventar. As razões têm a ver com turbulências no relacionamento com os clientes e com a necessidade de oferecer novas propostas de serviços e produtos, tendo em vista a crescente competitividade do setor. Este artigo analisa as principais respostas dadas pela Dell para reinventar seu modelo de negócios, melhorar seu relacionamento com clientes e permanecer no páreo das principais empresas de tecnologia do mundo.
Varig
Authors: Binder Marcelo Pereira 
Published: August 2018

A história da Varig mostra uma sucessiva série de erros e desacertos de gestão. O modelo de negócio da empresa, que há algumas décadas era referência nacional no setor e uma das maiores do mundo, foi construído em torno de uma única competência, o relacionamento com o governo. Dependente, a empresa não conseguiu reagir à desregulamentação do setor, à entrada e ao crescimento de concorrentes externos e internos, e à disputa por preços e custos. O resultado, como se sabe, foi a derrocada.