bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug utilization pattern in a neonatal intensive care unit at tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college in Southern Karnataka, India
Authors: Jayaram Keerthi Budnoor , D. Usha , Bhushal Prem 
Published: March 2019

Background: Neonates and in particular preterm neonates belongs to the most vulnerable population. A neonatal intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a highly specialized unit that provides high quality skilled care to critically ill new newborn, premature or low birth weight babies. Apart from facilities for continuous clinical and biochemical monitoring, NICU management involves the use of wide range of medications. Irrational prescription of drug is common in clinical practice, important reason being lack of knowledge about drug prescription. Developing countries have limited funds available for health care and drugs so it becomes very important to prescribe drugs rationally. The present study was done to find out the drug utilization pattern and improve the rational use which aids in the improvement of neonatal care. Methods: The study was retrospective study in NICU of tertiary care hospital attached to MIMS, Mandya for a duration of 6 months. Data extraction sheet were used to collect the information regarding demographic details, maternal and delivery details, indication for admission, final diagnosis and medications administered. Data collected were evaluated for the category of prescribed, based on World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Committee (WHO classification system and were analyzed using SPSS. WHO drug utilization core indicators were also evaluated.Results: Among 400 neonates admitted in NICU during the study period, 53.7% were males and 46.2% were females. There were 29.7% preterm born neonates. The maximum number of neonates were admitted in early neonatal period (87.25%). Neonatal sepsis (37.9%) and Birth asphyxia (11.6%) were the most common indications for admission. The total number of drugs prescribed was 1428 and the average number of drugs per neonate was 3.57. Preterm (<37weeks) and low birth weight (<2.5Kg) were exposed to significantly higher number of drugs. The most frequently prescribed therapeutic class of drugs was anti-infectives (60.36%), followed by drugs of central nervous system (7. 84%). Among the anti-infectives, the most commonly prescribed drugs were Ampicillin (59%), followed by gentamycin (42.5%). High end antibiotics like carbapenems, colistin’s and linezolid were used in less than 5% of cases.Conclusions: Drug use in neonates should be minimal and focus on the importance of therapeutic treatment guidelines establishment in hospital to control the over usage of antibiotics.
Pulmonary function improvement following septoplasty
Authors: Arivazhagan Ganeshbala , Srinivasa V. , Rafeeque Rizwan , Salim Rijith 
Published: March 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal septal deviation is a frequent cause of increased nasal airway resistance. A narrow nasal airway would result in a decreased airflow into the lungs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the alterations of the pulmonary functions prior to and following septoplasty using spirometry.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Thirty patients with obvious nasal septal deviations were enrolled in the study. All patients had a detailed otorhinolaryngologic examination, and were performed spirometry, prior to and one month after septoplasty surgery, and the results were compared. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Septoplasty improves the nasal breathing pattern. While reducing FEF<sub>50%</sub> (maximum expiratory flow at 50% of FVC)/FIF<sub>50%</sub>, it increases PEF and FIF<sub>50%</sub> values. In addition, exercise capacity improves following surgery. Postoperative scores showed reduction markedly compared to preoperative values (p&lt;0.001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nasal septal surgery has a positive effect on pulmonary functions.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p> </p>
Transcanal endoscopic management of epitympanic cholesteatoma: a promising technique
Authors: Varma Arvind , Sahni Aanchal 
Published: March 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of functional endoscopic ear surgery in epitympanic cholesteatoma removal.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study included 15 cases of epitympanic cholesteatoma who underwent exclusive endoscopic surgeries for cholesteatoma removal in a tertiary care centre between December 2017 to May 2018. The improvement in hearing threshold and air bone closure was evaluated comparing the preoperative and postoperative audiogram. The incidence of recurrence and reperforation was noted postoperatively using otoendoscopy. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Post-surgery improvement in hearing threshold was observed. There was no incidence of recurrence and reperforation during the mean follow up period of 7.8 months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Endoscopic removal of epitympanic cholesteatoma is more natural way of removal of disease with less post-surgery morbidity and recurrence. It has potential to be a promising tool for treatment of epitympanic cholesteatoma in future.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
The effectiveness of PAIKEM strategy in the curriculum of KTSP and 2013 for grade 4 students
Authors: Hidayati Peni Nur 
Published: March 2019

This research aimed to understand the effectiveness of PAIKEM (Active, Innovative, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable Learning) strategy in the KTSP (School Based Curriculum) in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Ma’arif Gedangan and in the Curriculum of 2013 in MI Ma’arif Mangunsari applied in the 4th Grade students in the academic year of 2016/2017. The curriculum changing gave an impact in education especially on the use of learning strategy for teachers to reach the education goal. This research was descriptive qualitative research which used observation, interview, and documentation as the method to collect the data. It used field research as the research method which was conducted by researcher collaborated with teachers. The research result showed that the use of PAIKEM strategy is more effective when it was used in the curriculum of 2013 than applied in KTSP curriculum. The implementation of PAIKEM strategy in the KTSP curriculum is less effective applied in the classroom. It was proven with the students’ interaction in the class. Many students were less active during the learning activities. However, teacher and students as the object of the research could follow the activities which applied PAIKEM strategy in the classroom. From the research result, it can be concluded that PAIKEM strategy can be implemented in KTSP and the curriculum of 2013. The implementation of PAIKEM strategy in the curriculum of 2013 is more effective than in the KTSP curriculum.
Tanzanian Mothers' Cultural Beliefs and Misinformation Regarding the Reasons for Their Cesarean Sections
Authors: Mathias Victor Aidan , Holroyd Eleanor , Edwards Grace 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDIn Tanzania, cesarean section (CS) rates have been steadily increasing, yet little is known about mothers' understanding of the medical rationale for their CSs.AIMTo identify mothers' cultural understandings of the rationale for their CSs.METHODSDesign: A qualitative descriptive design was employed.Setting: A government hospital in the western region in Tanzania.Participants: A total of 117 mothers were interviewed using convenience sampling post CS.FINDINGSForty percent of the mothers were younger than 18 years, with more than 50% having had five or more live babies. Among multigravida women, 40.2% had had one or more previous CSs.The emergent themes were lack of dietary knowledge, use of local herbs, delays in coming to hospital, avoiding stressful labor pains and no ability to exercise, and no personal preferences of “push or go for an operation.”CONCLUSIONPregnant women in Tanzania need improved health education to make informed choices about childbirth and be involved all processes of antepartum care decision making to achieve optimal birth outcomes.
Chinese Media and United States Rebalancing Policy to Asia
Authors: Pertiwi Sukmawani Bela 
Published: March 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat persepsi media di Cina terhadap kebijakan Amerika Serikat “rebalancing to Asia” yang banyak dilihat bertujuan untuk mengimbangi kebangkitan Cina, dan oleh karenanya berpotensi menciptakan ketidakstabilan di kawasan karena persaingan keduanya. Paper ini melihat media sebagai salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap dinamika persepsi dan kebijakan Cina ke Amerika Serikat berdasarkan landasan teori hubungan media dan kebijakan luar negeri dan meningkatnya peran media di Cina. Paper ini mengisi kekurangan dalam literatur yang ada yang sebagian besar fokus hanya pada diskursus kebijakan AS “rebalancing to Asia” dibandingkan manifestasi kebijakan tersebut. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dan program nuklir Korea Utara, paper ini berargumen bahwa persepsi media Cina bervariasi dari satu kasus ke kasus lain dimana kebijakan “rebalancing to Asia” dipersepsikan cenderung membuat ketidakstabilan dalam kasus-kasus yang berhubungan langsung dengan kedaulatan Cina termasuk dalam kasus sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Dalam menguji hipotesa ini, paper ini mengadopsi metode kualitatif analisa konten beberapa media Cina untuk melihat variasi persepsi masyarakat Cina terhadap kasus-kasus tersebut, membandingkannya dengan persepsi pemerintah, dan menarik kesimpulan dengan mendiskusikan temuan dan implikasi kebijakan “rebalancing to Asia” dalam hubungannya dengan Cina dan stabilitas kawasan secara umum.This paper aims to examine Chinese media perception toward US rebalancing policy to Asia which many perceive mainly to contain the rise of China and thus potentially create instability in the region. This paper treats media as a factor contributing to the dynamics of China’s perception and policies toward the US based on the well-established theories on the relations between media and foreign policy and the increasing importance of media in China. This paper fills the gap in the existing literature which solely focus on the discourse of US rebalancing policy rather than the manifestation of this policy. Using the case study of the South China Sea Dispute and North Korea Nuclear Program, this paper argues that Chinese media perception varied across cases in which US rebalancing policy is perceived to be more destabilizing in cases relate directly to China’s sovereignty such as the South China Sea. In testing this hypothesis, this paper adopts qualitative method of content analysis of several Chinese media to see the variation of Chinese perception across cases, compare these perceptions with those adopted by the government and draw conclusion by discussing the finding and the implication of U.S. rebalancing policy in its relations with China and regional stability in general.
Safe use of meloxicam in clinical practice
Authors: Sas E. I. , Grinevich V. B. 
Published: March 2019

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – means of treatment of acute and chronic pain associated primarily with inflammatory changes, so this group of drugs is widely used in neurology, rheumatology, traumatology, etc. The mechanism of action of the drugs is associated with the effect on cyclooxygenase-2 (COG-2) and blockade of proinflammatory prostaglandins (PG) synthesis, as well as the effect on COG-1 and suppression of cytoprotective PG synthesis, which determines the possibility of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Now application of NPVP is focused not so much on increase of efficiency, as on their big safety. Creation of COG-2-selective inhibitors (meloxicam) and COG-2-high selective inhibitors (coxybes) allowed to reduce significantly the risk of complications from gastrointestinal tract while maintaining high efficiency. Thus, the safety profile of meloxicam, mainly inhibiting COG-2, is estimated in a whole series of studies. In particular, two large prospective controlled trials - MELISSA and SELECT - proved that meloxicam is less toxic to gastrointestinal tract than traditional NSAIDs. Thus, a reasonable conclusion can be made about the high efficacy of meloxicam, which is not inferior to that of non-selective NSAIDs, with good tolerability and safety of the drug against gastrointestinal tract.
Effect of rock resistance on longitudinal equivalent rigidity of a jointed TBM tunnel lining under earthquakes
Authors: Li Can , Chen Weizhong 
Published: March 2019

Longitudinal tension and compression deformations of a tunnel are caused by longitudinal non-uniform displacement of surrounding rock under earthquakes, and the longitudinal equivalent rigidity is one of the most important mechanical performance index in the seismic response analysis of a TBM tunnel. The back analysis of a jointed TBM tunnel lining rigidity under earthquakes was conducted, in which segments and joints are simulated by finite elements. The results show that the rigidity ratio of segment element to joint element decreases exponentially with the increase of shear modulus of surrounding rock when subjected to small earthquake (0.1 g), but the rigidity ratio of segment element to joint element is almost unchanged with the increase of shear modulus of surrounding rock when subjected to strong earthquake (0.3 g). Therefore, when a jointed TBM tunnel lining is equivalent to a continuous beam, the resistance spring of surrounding rock in parallel with the joint spring is introduced to establish the evaluation model of the equivalent longitudinal rigidity of the jointed TBM tunnel lining under earthquakes.
The Relationship Between Prolidase Activity and Atrial Electromechanical Changes in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tascanov Mustafa Begenc 
Published: March 2019

Background:Tissue fibrosis increases in the structure of the atrial tissue of atrial fibrillation patients. Prolidase enzyme regulates collagen synthesis. There may be an association between electrocardiography (ECG) findings and prolidase activity.Objective:This study investigated the association between atrial conduction time and prolidase activity, a collagen synthesis enzyme, and P-wave dispersion (PWD) in patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF).Methods:Exclusion criteria included the age of <18 years, heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, chronic respiratory distress, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, renal disease, cirrhosis, and other types of arrhythmia. Patients diagnosed with PAF within 48 hours were considered to have a definite diagnosis. PWD was calculated using a 12-lead ECG, and inter- and intraatrial electromechanical delay (EMD) was assessed using tissue Doppler imaging and conventional echocardiography. Serum prolidase levels were measured in both groups.Results:A total of 43 patients with PAF (20 female, 23 male; mean age, 46.8 ± 5.7 years) and 42 healthy volunteers (21 female, 21 male; mean age, 43.9 ± 5.1 years) were included in the study.:Inter- and intraatrial EMD, PWD, minimum P-wave (Pmin), and maximum P-wave (Pmax) measurements were significantly higher (39.7 ± 2.7, 35.7 ± 2.3, p < 0.001; 13.2 ± 2.6, 8.5 ± 1.9, p < 0.001; 47.1 ± 11, 24.1 ± 7.1, p < 0.001; 69.8 ± 8.8, 66.7 ± 10.2, p < 0.130; 114.8 ± 13, 93.6 ± 8.6, p < 0.001, respectively) and serum prolidase levels were significantly lower in patients with PAF compared to healthy controls (3.96 ± 1.2, 8.5 ± 3.56, p < 0.001). In patients with PAF, correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between prolidase levels and intra- and interatrial EMD, PWD, and Pmax (r = -0.41, p < 0.05; r = -0.54, p < 0.05; r = -0.62, p < 0.05; r = -0.49, p < 0.05, respectively). Interatrial EMD showed a significant positive correlation with intraatrial EMD, Pmax, and PWD in patients with PAF (r = 0.90, p < 0.05; r = 0.574, p < 0.05; r = 0.43, p < 0.05, respectively). Additionally, the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in patients with PAF (6.6 ± 8, 1.8 ± 1.6, p < 0.001).Conclusion:The decreased plasma prolidase activity in patients with PAF may explain the irregularity of the collagen metabolism of different extracellular components and may indicate the onset of atrial remodeling. Changes in PWD, interatrial EMD, and serum prolidase level may predict PAF before diagnosis.
Influence of Amino Acid Mutations and Small Molecules on Targeted Inhibition of Proteins Involved in Cancer
Authors: Kanakaveti V. , Anoosha P. , Sakthivel R. , Rayala S.K. , Gromiha M.M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are of crucial importance in regulating the biological processes of cells both in normal and diseased conditions. Significant progress has been made in targeting PPIs using small molecules and achieved promising results. However, PPI drug discovery should be further accelerated with better understanding of chemical space along with various functional aspects.Objective:In this review, we focus on the advancements in computational research for targeted inhibition of protein-protein interactions involved in cancer.Methods:Here, we mainly focused on two aspects: (i) understanding the key roles of amino acid mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as well as mutation-specific inhibitors and (ii) design of small molecule inhibitors for Bcl-2 to disrupt PPIs.Results:The paradigm of PPI inhibition to date reflect the certainty that inclination towards novel and versatile strategies enormously dictate the success of PPI inhibition. As the chemical space highly differs from the normal drug like compounds the lead optimization process has to be given the utmost priority to ensure the clinical success. Here, we provided a broader perspective on effect of mutations in oncogene EGFR connected to Bcl-2 PPIs and focused on the potential challenges.Conclusion:Understanding and bridging mutations and altered PPIs will provide insights into the alarming signals leading to massive malfunctioning of a biological system in various diseases. Finding rational elucidations from a pharmaceutical stand point will presumably broaden the horizons in future.
Protein/ Hormone Based Nanoparticles as Carriers for Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam , Ravinayagam Vijaya , Jermy B. Rabindran , Mohamad Tarhini , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: March 2019

Background:
In this review, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were defined, and their behaviors
in normal in disease conditions are discussed. Their status at nuclear, molecular and cellular
level was underscored, as for their interference in many diseases. Finally, the use of protein nanoscale
structures as possible carriers for drugs targeting PPIs was highlighted.

Objective:
The objective of this review is to suggest a novel approach for targeting PPIs. By using protein
nanospheres and nanocapsules, a promising field of study can be emerged.

Methods:
To solidify this argument, PPIs and their biological significance was discussed, same as their
role in hormone signaling.

Results:
We shed the light on the drugs that targets PPI and we suggested the use of nanovectors to encapsulate
these drugs to possibly achieve better results.

Conclusion:
Protein based nanoparticles, due to their advantages, can be suitable carriers for drugs targeting
PPIs. This can open a new opportunity in the emerging field of multifunctional therapeutics.
Protein-Protein Interactions and Aggregation Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ganeshpurkar Ankit , Swetha Rayala , Kumar Devendra , Gangaram Gore P. , Singh Ravi , Gutti Gopichand , Jana Srabanti , Kumar Dileep , Kumar Ashok , Singh Sushil K. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a multifaceted disorder, involves complex pathophysiology and plethora of protein-protein interactions. Thus such interactions can be exploited to develop anti-AD drugs.Objective:The interaction of dynamin-related protein 1, cellular prion protein, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and Mint 2 with amyloid β, etc., studied recently, may have critical role in progression of the disease. Our objective has been to review such studies and their implications in design and development of drugs against the Alzheimer’s disease.Methods:Such studies have been reviewed and critically assessed.Results:Review has led to show how such studies are useful to develop anti-AD drugs.Conclusion:There are several PPIs which are current topics of research including Drp1, Aβ interactions with various targets including PrPC, Fyn kinase, NMDAR and mGluR5 and interaction of Mint2 with PDZ domain, etc., and thus have potential role in neurodegeneration and AD. Finally, the multi-targeted approach in AD may be fruitful and opens a new vista for identification and targeting of PPIs in various cellular pathways to find a cure for the disease.
Applications of in Silico Methods for Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions
Authors: Cicaloni Vittoria , Trezza Alfonso , Pettini Francesco , Spiga Ottavia 
Published: March 2019

Background:Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) is a major challenge in modern molecular biology and biochemistry research, due to the unquestionable role of proteins in cells, biological process and pathological states. Over the past decade, the PPIs have evolved from being considered a highly challenging field of research to being investigated and examined as targets for pharmacological intervention.Objective:Comprehension of protein interactions is crucial to known how proteins come together to build signalling pathways, to carry out their functions, or to cause diseases, when deregulated. Multiplicity and great amount of PPIs structures offer a huge number of new and potential targets for the treatment of different diseases.Methods:Computational techniques are becoming predominant in PPIs studies for their effectiveness, flexibility, accuracy and cost. As a matter of fact, there are effective in silico approaches which are able to identify PPIs and PPI site. Such methods for computational target prediction have been developed through molecular descriptors and data-mining procedures.Results:In this review, we present different types of interactions between protein-protein and the application of in silico methods for design and development of drugs targeting PPIs. We described computational approaches for the identification of possible targets on protein surface and to detect of stimulator/ inhibitor molecules.Conclusion:A deeper study of the most recent bioinformatics methodologies for PPIs studies is vital for a better understanding of protein complexes and for discover new potential PPI modulators in therapeutic intervention.