bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major lower limb amputations in Far North Queensland
Authors: Nesbitt Alexander L. , Goodall Katherine , Bakshi Vrushank , Bhutia Sherab 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMajor lower limb amputation is a devastating operation most commonly performed for complications of peripheral artery disease or diabetes mellitus. Data suggest that there is a widespread variation in major amputation rates within and between countries. This study aimed to identify key characteristics of patients undergoing this procedure in our region, and to compare our population to the rest of Australia. Secondary analysis was performed to assess differences seen in the Indigenous population.MethodsCases were identified from a prospectively maintained database and medical records were retrospectively reviewed to record relevant clinical information. A literature review was then undertaken to compare our data to other series.ResultsA total of 51 major lower limb amputations were performed between January 2015 and January 2017, and the mean age of patients was 59.5 years. Over 70% of patients were diabetic, and one‐third required dialysis. Twenty‐three patients were identified as Indigenous, and they were significantly younger (54.6 ± 11.4 versus 63.5 ± 15.9 years, P = 0.02) and more likely to be diabetic (91.3% versus 65.2%, P ≤ 0.01) compared to non‐Indigenous patients. The most common indication was arterial ulcer or gangrene (52.9%), but Indigenous patients were more likely to have amputation due to sepsis (47.8% versus 7.1%, P < 0.01).ConclusionPatients undergoing major amputation in Far North Queensland are more likely to be younger and diabetic than Queensland or Australian counterparts. Diabetes and renal disease were especially prevalent in our cohort, with higher rates found in Indigenous patients.
Psychological long‐term outcome in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
Authors: Walther Katrin , Volbers Bastian , Erdmann Laura , Dogan Onugoren Müjgan , Gollwitzer Stephanie , Kasper Burkhard S. , Kurzbuch Katrin , Lang Johannes , Schwab Stefan , Schwarz Michael , Hamer Hajo M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo examine the long‐term outcome of psychological status, personality, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and to define predictors of favorable outcome of cessation of PNES.MethodPatients diagnosed with PNES during video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring at the Erlangen Epilepsy Center were contacted 1‐16 years after communicating the diagnosis. Follow‐up information from each participant was obtained by interview (PNES outcome) and by self‐reported questionnaires of psychological symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Standard, Dissociative Symptoms questionnaire), personality traits (Freiburg Personality Inventory‐Revised), and HRQoL (36‐Item Short Form Health Survey).ResultsFifty‐two patients participated in the study (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] 40.5 ± 14.0 years; 75% female, follow‐up: 5.3 ± 4.2 years). Nineteen patients (37%) were free of PNES for the past 12 months. Patients with persisting PNES were older at disease onset (32.9 vs 22.3 years, P < 0.01) and diagnosis (40.5 vs 27.2 years, P < 0.001), and showed worse psychological functioning, lower extraversion and life satisfaction, and higher inhibitedness and worse HRQoL than PNES‐free patients. Patients with cessation of PNES were within the normal range in all dimensions. Cessation of PNES was best predicted by younger age at PNES onset and higher extraversion.SignificanceOutcome of PNES is poor, psychopathology is high, and HRQoL is low in patients with persistent PNES but may normalize with PNES cessation. High introversion and older age at PNES onset are risk factors for persistent PNES.
Nonstandard Work Hours and Single Versus Coupled Mothers' Work‐to‐Family Conflict
Authors: Moilanen Sanna , Aunola Kaisa , May Vanessa , Sevón Eija , Laakso Marja‐Leena 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo compare single and coupled mothers' experiences of time‐based work‐to‐family conflict (WFC) and work‐to‐family positive affective spillover (PAS) in the context of maternal nonstandard work hours.BackgroundDespite having become one of the central topics of work–family research, studies examining the relationship of maternal work schedules and family roles have mainly focused on North American samples or dual‐earner families. Although qualitative studies have highlighted the problems faced by European single mothers in relation to the combination of nonstandard work hours and family life, there are no quantitative or cross‐national comparative studies on the association.MethodUsing a convenience sample derived from the Families 24/7 survey of Finnish, Dutch, and British mothers with children 12 years of age or younger (N = 1,106), path analysis was carried out to assess the associations of single motherhood, nonstandard work hours, and their interaction with WFC and PAS and to compare the associations between 3 countries.ResultsThe positive association between the amount of nonstandard work hours and WFC was found to be stronger among single mothers than coupled mothers in all 3 countries. However, in Finland, both single and coupled mothers, and in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, only single mothers, experienced higher WFC when the mother worked more during nonstandard hours. In all countries, single mothers experienced less PAS than coupled mothers.ConclusionDutch and British single mothers who work nonstandard hours experience the combination of multiple roles particularly challenging compared with coupled mothers. In Finland, both single and coupled mothers report high levels of WFC when they work more nonstandard hours; hence, a greater amount of work during nonstandard hours is not an automatic indication of heightened challenges for single mothers alone.ImplicationsWhen aiming to improve mothers' work–family reconciliation via social and workplace policies, it is important to understand the circumstances of single and coupled mothers in different cultural contexts.
Competition and risk‐taking in investment banking
Authors: Degl'Innocenti Marta , Fiordelisi Franco , Girardone Claudia , Radić Nemanja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHow does competition affect the investment banking business and the risks individual institutions are exposed to? Using a large sample of investment banks operating in seven developed economies over 1997–2014, we apply a panel VAR model to examine the relationships between competition and risk without assuming any a priori restrictions. Our main finding is that investment banks’ higher risk exposure, measured as a long‐term capital‐at‐risk and return volatility, was facilitated by greater competitive pressures for both boutique investment banks and full‐service investment banks. Overall, we find some evidence that more competition leads to more fragility before and during the recent financial crisis.
Comparative analysis of techno‐functional properties, starch digestion and protein quality of pigmented chickpea flours
Authors: Milán‐Noris Ada Keila , De la Rosa‐Millan Julián , Serna‐Saldivar Sergio Othón 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe aims of this investigation were to evaluate physicochemical, functional, pasting, and thermal properties, as well as the starch and protein digestibilities of whole flours obtained from ten chickpea cultivars differing in seed coat colour (black, brown, green, red and cream). The coloured chickpeas flours contained higher amounts of bioactive compounds as total phenolics (TPC, 241.25–444.41 μg gallic acid equivalents per g), β‐glucans (1.02–2.42 g/100 g), resistant starch (22.68–37.52% of total starch) and higher protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS, 0.61–0.82) compared with the cream‐coloured chickpea Blanco Sinaloa (C.BS). The principal component analysis showed several differences among the chemical compositions, starch digestions and seed protein qualities; in the same sense we found a correlation between TPC and starch content with their thermal properties and starch digestion. Subsequently, pigmented chickpea cultivars have potential as functional ingredients for food product development.
Near‐ultraviolet light–induced dazzling red emission in CaGd2(MoO4)4:2xSm3+ compounds for phosphor‐converted WLEDs
Authors: Zhou Luhui , Du Peng , Yu Jae Su 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Sm3+‐activated CaGd2(MoO4)4 phosphors were prepared through a sol‐gel reaction route. From the results of excitation spectrum, three‐dimensional emission spectra and contour lines, it was confirmed that the near‐ultraviolet (NUV) light was the proper excitation light source for the synthesized phosphors. Under 405 nm irradiation, the luminescent behaviors of the studied samples were revealed to be dependent on the Sm3+ ion concentration and its optimal value of 0.03 mol was obtained. Through theoretical analysis, it is evident that the dipole‐dipole interaction can be responsible for the involved concentration quenching mechanism in the final products and the critical distance was 39.7 Å. Moreover, the temperature‐dependent emission spectra demonstrated that the studied samples had admirable thermal stability and the activation energy was decided to be 0.21 eV. Furthermore, the internal quantum efficiency of the Sm3+‐activated CaGd2(MoO4)4 phosphors was found to be 21.6%. Finally, to explore the practical applications of obtained compounds for indoor illumination, a white light‐emitting diode (WLED) device which contained a NUV chip, prepared phosphors, and commercial blue‐emitting and green‐emitting phosphors was packaged. The packaged WLEDs device can emit dazzling white light with satisfied color coordinate of (0.305, 0.318), proper color rendering index (82.6), and correlated color temperature (7069 K).
Topical applications of an emollient reduce circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in chronically aged humans: a pilot clinical study
Authors: Ye L. , Mauro T.M. , Dang E. , Wang G. , Hu L.Z. , Yu C. , Jeong S. , Feingold K. , Elias P.M. , Lv C.Z. , Man M.Q. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile increased levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in chronologically aged humans have been linked to the development of ageing‐associated chronic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease), approaches that reduce circulating cytokines are not yet available. In chronologically aged mice, we recently demonstrated that epidermal dysfunction largely accounts for age‐associated elevations in circulating cytokine levels, and that improving epidermal function reduced circulating cytokine levels.ObjectiveWe performed a pilot study to determine whether improving epidermal function reduces circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in aged humans.MethodsThirty‐three aged humans were topically treated twice‐daily for 30 days, with ≈ 3 mL of an emollient, previously shown to improve epidermal function, while untreated, aged humans and a cohort of young volunteers served as controls. Changes in epidermal function and levels of three key, age‐related, plasma cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNFα) were measured at baseline and after treatment, using Luminex 200™ system.ResultsWe also found significantly higher baseline levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNFα in aged vs. young humans (P < 0.001), as previously reported. Topical applications of the barrier repair emollient significantly enhanced epidermal permeability barrier function (P < 0.01) and stratum corneum hydration (P < 0.05). In parallel, circulating levels of IL‐1β and IL‐6 normalized, while TNFα levels declined substantially.ConclusionThe results of this preliminary study suggest that a larger clinical trial should be performed to confirm whether improving epidermal function also can reduce circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in aged humans, while also possibly attenuating the downstream development of chronic inflammatory disorders in the aged humans.
Public perception of dermatologists in France: results from a population‐based national survey
Authors: Richard M.‐A. , Joly P. , Roy Geffroy B. , Taïeb C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe public perception of dermatologists, highly relevant for implementing strategies to improve dermatological care, has been scarcely investigated in France, in regard to the background where the number of active dermatologists is continuously decreasing.ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the French public's perception of dermatologists, as well as the physician–patient relationship in dermatology area.MethodsA sample of 5000 inhabitants (aged ≥15–80 years) of Metropolitan France, seeking medical advice for a skin condition, were invited in July 2018 to fill in a digital structured questionnaire.ResultsThe sample's gender ratio and geographical distribution proved representative of the French general population. Compared to 33.2% of respondents having consulted a general practitioner (GP), 20.6% had consulted a dermatologist over the past 12 months, the main reasons being a chronic skin condition (37%), surgical intervention (18%) and naevi check‐up (15%). When confronted with acute skin problems, survey participants stated their GP was the first healthcare reference (54% of cases). This may be explained by two distinct phenomena: the declining demography of dermatologists and specific peculiarities of the French healthcare system. Contrarily, the dermatologist was the first care provider for chronic skin problems (47% of cases). On answering the question whether they were satisfied with their last dermatological consultation, 76% declared to be very satisfied/satisfied, vs. 24% dissatisfied/very dissatisfied. Some 78% were given a prescription at consultation end, considered efficacious by 91% and well tolerated by 98%.ConclusionOur study findings underline the central role of dermatologists in skin care as valued and trusted care providers in France. Further educational and political strategies appear warranted to improve patient referral to dermatologists and decrease waiting times, thereby improving patients’ well‐being and satisfaction, as well as care quality provided.
Paediatric nail consultation in an academic centre in Belgium: a 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Tasia M. , Lecerf P. , Richert B. , André J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundVery few studies have been conducted to establish the nature and prevalence of nail disorders in children.ObjectivesTo determine the frequency of various nail conditions in the paediatric setting and to report their management and follow‐up.MethodsThis was a retrospective study between 2007 and 2017 of children under 18. All the patients were evaluated in our paediatric nail clinic at the dermatology department of Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital. The data were synthesized from information obtained through medical records as well as from photographs taken during consultation. Follow‐up was completed by phone interview.ResultsThree hundred and one patients were included. The majority of nail abnormalities involved the toenails (57.6%). The most common clinical signs were, in descending order, Beau's lines, pachyonychia, subungual hyperkeratosis and onycholysis. The most frequent diagnoses were fever‐related Beau's lines or onychomadesis (9.7%), trachyonychia (8.4%), longitudinal melanonychia (8.1%) and congenital malalignment of the great toenail (8.1%). The main diagnoses by age group were as follows: congenital hypertrophy of the lateral nail folds (21.4%) [0–2 years old]; fever‐related Beau's lines or onychomadesis (21%) [2–6 years old]; trachyonychia (22%) [6–12 years old]; and juvenile ingrown nail (21.4%) [12–18 years old]. Management included clinical observation for 119 patients and specific advices for 108 patients. A treatment was prescribed for 134 patients, topical in 76.5% of cases. Follow‐up demonstrated complete healing in 50.6% of patients and improvement in 19.7%.ConclusionThe most frequent nail disorders are benign, and their distribution varies with age. Management mainly involves conservative care, and the prognosis is favourable in the majority.
Distribution of high‐risk α‐genus human papillomavirus genotypes impacts cutaneous neoplasms
Authors: Aoki R. , Clanner‐Engelshofen B.M. , Charnowski S. , Ruzicka T. , Reinholz M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐risk α‐genus human papillomaviruses (α‐HPVs) are linked to cervical and genital carcinomas; however, their correlation with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) or premalignant skin lesions remains controversial.ObjectiveWe evaluated the contribution of high‐risk α‐HPV to the occurrence of cuSCC, Bowen's disease and actinic keratosis (AK), and the distribution of high‐risk α‐HPV genotypes in these cutaneous tumours.MethodsHPV genotypes were determined using a commercial PCR‐based microarray on skin tissue samples collected from 76 [38 young (<60 years) and 38 elderly (>60 years)] cuSCC, 34 Bowen's disease, 48 AK patients and 10 young controls. Associations between α‐HPV prevalence and relevant risk factors were analysed.ResultsHigh‐risk α‐HPV was more frequently detected in cuSCC patients (57.9%) than in the patients with Bowen's disease (38.2%), AK (0.0%) and control patients (10.0%). The high‐risk α‐HPV prevalence was higher in young than in elderly cuSCC patients (65.8% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.031). The most common HPV type was 16, present in 90.9% of all HPV‐carrying cuSCC patients. Multiple infections with different high‐risk α‐HPV types were found in 20.5% of HPV‐related cuSCC, whereas only single infection with type 16 was found in Bowen's disease. Although sun exposure is known as a major risk factor for cuSCC, high‐risk α‐HPVs were more frequently found in non‐exposed sites rather than in sun‐exposed sites of cuSCC.ConclusionMultiple infections, as well as single infection with high‐risk α‐HPV may link to cuSCC. In spite of the involvement of high‐risk α‐HPV at high levels in cuSCC and Bowen's disease, no high‐risk α‐HPV was detected in AK patients, suggesting that Bowen's disease rather than AK might be involved in the development of HPV‐related cuSCC as a precursor.
Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Alli Babatunde Y. , Erinoso Olufemi A. , Olawuyi Adetokunbo B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present systematic review sought to evaluate the effects of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)‐free compared to SLS‐containing dentifrices on (Recurrent) aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in patients with this condition. Cochrane, Medline (PubMed) and Embase databases, and some trial registries were searched through December 2017. There was no language, nor publication year restrictions. We included double‐blinded randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of dentifrices with and without SLS on RAS in humans. Data extraction was compliant with PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. PROSPERO 2018:CRD42018086001. Four trials were included in this review (all crossover studies; n = 124 participants) and two contributed to the main meta‐analysis based on the random‐effect model. SLS‐free dentifrice, when compared to SLS‐containing statistically significantly, reduced the number of ulcers, duration of ulcer, number of episodes, and ulcer pain. Sensitivity analysis of the four studies as parallel‐group trials shows a consistent direction of effect in favor of SLS‐free dentifrice usage. In conclusion, the qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the eligible trials for this review showed that use of SLS‐free consistently reduced all four parameters of ulcers measured. The available evidence suggests that patients with RAS may benefit from using SLS‐free dentifrices for their daily oral care. However, future well‐designed trials are still required to strengthen the current body of evidence.
Olfactory Function in Persons with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nakashima Tsutomu , Katayama Naomi , Sugiura Saiko , Teranishi Masaaki , Suzuki Hirokazu , Hirabayashi Mayumi , Ishida Kazuo , Nawa Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough visual and hearing impairments associated with cerebral palsy (CP) have been reported, there is a lack of studies on olfactory function in persons with CP. We evaluated olfactory function related to meal enjoyment in persons with CP with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (ID). Subjects included 14 persons with gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level III, IV, or V and 14 age‐ and gender‐matched controls (7 women and 7 men per group). The mean ages (± standard deviation) were 54.6 ± 9.9 years and 55.6 ± 9.5 years, in persons with CP and controls, respectively. Olfactory function was assessed with the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese (OSIT‐J), which includes 12 different odorants that are familiar to the Japanese population. Smell identification evaluated by the percentage of correct answers was significantly lower in the CP group (34.4 ± 24.1%) than in the control group (63.1 ± 16.9%). Smell identification was more impaired than smell detection (odor recognition without identification). No relationship was found between olfactory function and the GMFCS level. Future studies should investigate potential differences in olfactory function between children with and without CP, and between those with mild and severe CP. Olfactory function was significantly worse in adults with CP than in controls. Attention should be given to the olfactory function in persons with CP.
The potential science and engineering value of samples delivered to Earth by Mars sample return
Authors:   International MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST), Beaty D. W. , Grady M. M. , McSween H. Y. , Sefton‐Nash E. , Carrier B. L. , Altieri F. , Amelin Y. , Ammannito E. , Anand M. , Benning L. G. , Bishop J. L. , Borg L. E. , Boucher D. , Brucato J. R. , Busemann H. , Campbell K. A. , Czaja A. D. , Debaille V. , Des Marais D. J. , Dixon M. , Ehlmann B. L. , Farmer J. D. , Fernandez‐Remolar D. C. , Filiberto J. , Fogarty J. , Glavin D. P. , Goreva Y. S. , Hallis L. J. , Harrington A. D. , M. Hausrath E. , Herd C. D. K. , Horgan B. , Humanyun M. , Kleine T. , Kleinhenz J. , Mackelprang R. , Mangold N. , Mayhew L. E. , McCoy J. T. , McCubbin F. M. , McLennan S. M. , Moser D. E. , Moynier F. , Mustard J. F. , Niles P. B. , Ori G. G. , Raulin F. , Rettberg P. , Rucker M. A. , Schmitz N. , Schwenzer S. P. , Sephton M. A. , Shaheen R. , Sharp Z. D. , Schuster D. L. , Siljestrom S. , Smith C. L. , Spry J. A. , Steele A. , Swindle T. D. , ten Kate I. L. , Tosca N. J. , Usui T. , Van Kranendonk M. J. , Wadhwa M. , Weiss B. P. , Werner S. C. , Westall F. , Wheeler R. M. , Zipfel J. , Zorzano M. P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExecutive summary provided in lieu of abstract.
Employer‐employee profit‐sharing and the incentives to innovate when the dismissal regulation matters
Authors: Belloc Filippo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe develop a simple incomplete‐contract model of the relationship between worker participation to revenue sharing and innovation performance of firms, under firing regimes with different stringency. Stronger worker participation to profits is shown to increase innovation probability when employer‐side hold‐up is prevented by stringent layoff regulation and the human capital matters significantly. Vice‐versa, under a strict layoff regulation, when the financial capital is relatively more important, the effects of worker participation devices may be reduced or inverted. Our results may help in understanding why there is no one‐size‐fits‐all optimal strategy in the design of worker financial participation mechanisms for knowledge‐intensive productions.