bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyber Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and association with substance use, poor mental health, and STI history among sexually active adolescent girls
Authors: Reed Elizabeth , Salazar Marissa , Behar Alma I. , Agah Niloufar , Silverman Jay G. , Minnis Alexandra M. , Rusch Melanie L.A. , Raj Anita 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe current study aims to assess the prevalence, perpetrators, and consequences of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) among adolescent females.MethodsSexually active adolescent females (N = 159) ages 15–19 were recruited from a health clinic in a low‐income, urban area of southeast San Diego County, California to complete a tablet‐administered survey that included items on sexual violence and harassment, including CSH. Using logistic regression models, we assessed CSH in relation to substance use, poor mental health outcomes and STI history.ResultsParticipants were, on average, 17 years of age and half were currently in a relationship. The majority of girls (68%) reported at least one form of CSH, which included receiving unwanted sexual messages/photos (53%), receiving unwanted messages asking them to do something sexual (49%), being pressured to send sexual photos (36%), and having sexual photos shared without permission (6%). Perpetrators included known and unknown males; almost a third (27%) reported perpetration by a relationship partner. In logistic regression models adjusting for race, CSH was associated with: past 30‐day alcohol use, drug use (ever), feeling depressed (past 30 days), and feeling anxious (past 30 days) (Odds Ratios ranged: 2.9–7.5). CSH was also associated with past‐year suicidal thoughts and STI diagnosis (ever) (p < 0.05, ORs not presented due to small numbers).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in some subgroups, CSH appears to be affecting the majority of girls, which is especially concerning given its association with multiple poor health outcomes.
Sobolev embeddings, rearrangement-invariant spaces and Frostman measures
Authors: Cianchi Andrea , Pick Luboš , Slavíková Lenka 
Published: July 2019

Sobolev embeddings, of arbitrary order, are considered into function spaces on domains of

\mathbb{R}^{n}

endowed with measures whose decay on balls is dominated by a power

d

of their radius. Norms in arbitrary rearrangement-invariant spaces are contemplated. A comprehensive approach is proposed based on the reduction of the relevant

n

-dimensional embeddings to one-dimensional Hardy-type inequalities. Interestingly, the latter inequalities depend on the involved measure only through the power

d

. Our results allow for the detection of the optimal target space in Sobolev embeddings, for broad families of norms, in situations where customary techniques do not apply. In particular, new embeddings, with augmented target spaces, are deduced even for standard Sobolev spaces.

Résumé

On considère des immersions de Sobolev d'ordre quelconque dans des espaces de fonctions sur des domaines de

\mathbb{R}^{n}

munis des mesures avec une tendance dans les boules qui est dominée par une puissance

d

du rayon. Des normes dans les espaces arbitraires invariants par réarrangements sont permises. Nous proposons une approche générale basée sur la réduction des immersions en dimension

n

à des inégalités du type Hardy en dimension un. On souligne que ces inégalités dépendent de la mesure considérée seulement par le degré de puissance

d

. Notre résultat permet de détecter l'espace cible optimal dans les immersions de Sobolev, pour une large famille de normes dans des cas où les techniques habituelles ne s'appliquent pas. En particulier on déduit des nouvelles immersions avec espaces-cibles augmentés même dans le cas d'espace de Sobolev standard.
Determination of Boolean models by densities of mixed volumes
Authors: Hug Daniel , Weil Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn Weil (2001) formulae were proved for stationary Boolean models Z in ℝd with convex or polyconvex grains, which express the densities (specific mean values) of mixed volumes of Z in terms of related mean values of the underlying Poisson particle process X. These formulae were then used to show that in dimensions 2 and 3 the densities of mixed volumes of Z determine the intensity γ of X. For d = 4, a corresponding result was also stated, but the proof given was incomplete, since in the formula for the density of the Euler characteristic V̅0(Z) of Z a term $\overline V^{(0)}_{2,2}(X,X)$ was missing. This was pointed out in Goodey and Weil (2002), where it was also explained that a new decomposition result for mixed volumes and mixed translative functionals would be needed to complete the proof. Such a general decomposition result has recently been proved by Hug, Rataj, and Weil (2013), (2018) and is based on flag measures of the convex bodies involved. Here, we show that such flag representations not only lead to a correct derivation of the four-dimensional result, but even yield a corresponding uniqueness theorem in all dimensions. In the proof of the latter we make use of Alesker’s representation theorem for translation invariant valuations. We also discuss which shape information can be obtained in this way and comment on the situation in the nonstationary case.
Extended Laplace principle for empirical measures of a Markov chain
Authors: Eckstein Stephan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe consider discrete-time Markov chains with Polish state space. The large deviations principle for empirical measures of a Markov chain can equivalently be stated in Laplace principle form, which builds on the convex dual pair of relative entropy (or Kullback– Leibler divergence) and cumulant generating functional f ↦ ln ʃ exp (f). Following the approach by Lacker (2016) in the independent and identically distributed case, we generalize the Laplace principle to a greater class of convex dual pairs. We present in depth one application arising from this extension, which includes large deviation results and a weak law of large numbers for certain robust Markov chains—similar to Markov set chains—where we model robustness via the first Wasserstein distance. The setting and proof of the extended Laplace principle are based on the weak convergence approach to large deviations by Dupuis and Ellis (2011).
Deviation bounds for the first passage time in the frog model
Authors: Kubota Naoki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe consider the so-called frog model with random initial configurations. The dynamics of this model are described as follows. Some particles are randomly assigned to any site of the multidimensional cubic lattice. Initially, only particles at the origin are active and these independently perform simple random walks. The other particles are sleeping and do not move at first. When sleeping particles are hit by an active particle, they become active and start moving in a similar fashion. The aim of this paper is to derive large deviation and concentration bounds for the first passage time at which an active particle reaches a target site.
Foreign direct investment policy, domestic firms, and financial constraints
Authors: Bauerle Danzman Sarah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe past three decades have witnessed a spectacular evolution in policies toward foreign direct investment (FDI). Whose interests do these policy innovations reflect? While existing theory suggests popular pressure drives openness, I argue reforms occur when shifts in financial access change local economic elites’ policy preferences toward FDI. When large domestic firms no longer have access to cheap credit through political connections, liquidity constraints outweigh firms' preferences to exclude foreigners. Economic elites then pressure governments to pursue liberal FDI policy environments. Using a combination of measures of FDI policy for up to 166 countries from 1973–2015, I find increases in financial constraints are robustly associated with decreases in foreign equity restrictions, and this relationship is strongest when domestic political institutions favor business interests. A financing constraints explanation of FDI policy reform has important implications for explanations of policy change, theories of business power amid increased interdependence, and expectations over the distributive effects of globalization.
A Cross-Sectional Study on China’s Public Health Emergency Personnel’s Field Coping-Capacity: Need, Influencing Factors, and Improvement Options
Authors: Zhao Miaomiao , Liu Baohua , Wang Lan , Wu Qunhong , Kang Zheng , Hao Yanhua , Amporfro Daniel , Gao Lijun 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:This study aimed to identify the important capacities that were most urgently needed during emergency response and factors associated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) professionals’ field coping-capacity for public health emergency.Methods:Professional workers (N = 1854) from 40 CDC institutions were chosen using the stratified cluster random sampling method in all 13 municipalities of Heilongjiang Province, China. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used.Results:Of 10 key capacities, the 3 that were most urgently needed during emergency response fieldwork as identified by respondents were crisis communication capacity, personal protection capacity, and laboratory detection capacity. Overall, 38.1% of respondents self-rated as “poor” on their coping-capacity. The logistic regression found that proficiency in emergency preparedness planning, more practical experiences in emergency response, effectiveness in training and drills, a higher education level, and a higher professional position were significantly associated with the individual’s field coping-capacity.Conclusion:This study identified CDC professionals’ most urgent capacity need and the obstructive factors and highlighted the importance of enhancing the capacity in crisis communication, personal protection, and laboratory detection. Intervention should be targeted at sufficient fund, formalized, and effective emergency training and drills, more operational technical guidance, and all-around supervision and evaluation.
Hegel on the Productivity of Action: Metaphysical Questions, Non-Metaphysical Answers, and Metaphysical Answers
Authors: Maraguat Edgar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCharles Taylor claims that not only Kant, but also successors of Kant such as Fichte and Hegel, advocate a primitive concept of action, namely, a basic, irreducible, indispensable concept allegedly essential to our self-understanding. This paper shows how philosophers like Robert Brandom agree with Taylor explicitly with regard to Hegel, and attribute to him transcendental non-metaphysical arguments in support of such a concept. It then proceeds to challenge this attribution (both of the concept and the type of argument), offering a brief presentation of an alternative non-transcendental metaphysical approach to the Hegelian idea of giving actuality to a concept (or end) through a productive activity.
Observations of surface mass balance on Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, and the effect of strain history in fast-flowing sections
Authors: KONRAD HANNES , HOGG ANNA E. , MULVANEY ROBERT , ARTHERN ROBERT , TUCKWELL REBECCA J. , MEDLEY BROOKE , SHEPHERD ANDREW 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSurface mass balance (SMB) is the net input of mass on a glacier's upper surface, composed of snow deposition, melt and erosion processes, and is a major contributor to the overall mass balance. Pine Island Glacier (PIG) in West Antarctica has been dynamically imbalanced since the early 1990s, indicating that discharge of solid ice into the oceans exceeds snow deposition. However, observations of the SMB pattern on the fast flowing regions are scarce, and are potentially affected by the firn's strain history. Here, we present new observations from radar-derived stratigraphy and a relatively dense network of firn cores, collected along a ~900 km traverse of PIG. Between 1986 and 2014, the SMB along the traverse was 0.505 m w.e. a−1on average with a gradient of higher snow deposition in the South-West compared with the North-East of the catchment. We show that along ~80% of the traverse the strain history amounts to a misestimation of SMB below the nominal uncertainty, but can exceed it by a factor 5 in places, making it a significant correction to the SMB estimate locally. We find that the strain correction changes the basin-wide SMB by ~0.7 Gt a−1and thus forms a negligible (1%) correction to the glacier's total SMB.
A cross-sectional study of the relationship of proximal smoking environments and cessation history, plans, and self-efficacy among low-income smokers
Authors: Widome Rachel , Hammett Patrick J , Joseph Anne M , Burgess Diana J , Thomas Janet L , Saul Jessie E , Clothier Barbara , Fu Steven S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionProximal environments could facilitate smoking cessation among low-income smokers by making cessation appealing to strive for and tenable.AimsWe sought to examine how home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors such as other household members' and peers' smoking behaviors and attitudes related to low-income smokers' past quit attempts, readiness, and self-efficacy to quit.MethodsThis analysis used data from Offering Proactive Treatment Intervention (OPT-IN) (randomized control trial of proactive tobacco cessation outreach) baseline survey, which was completed by 2,406 participants in 2011/12. We tested the associations between predictors (home smoking rules and proximal environmental factors) and outcomes (past-year quit attempts, readiness to quit, and quitting self-efficacy).ResultsSmokers who lived in homes with more restrictive household smoking rules, and/or reported having ‘important others’ who would be supportive of their quitting, were more likely to report having made a quit attempt in the past year, had greater readiness to quit, and greater self-efficacy related to quitting.ConclusionsAdjustments to proximal environments, including strengthening household smoking rules, might encourage cessation even if other household members are smokers.
Benthic community history in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) mega-delta: Damming, urbanization, and environmental control
Authors: Cheung Richard Ching Wa , Yasuhara Moriaki , Iwatani Hokuto , Wei Chih-Lin , Dong Yun-wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe coastal environment of the Changjiang delta has been influenced by recent anthropogenic activities such as dam construction and increased sewage and fertilizer inputs. Previous work examined the compositional shift of marine plankton to assess ecological impacts of these activities on marine ecosystems in the Changjiang discharge area. Here we used benthic marine ostracodes collected in the Changjiang estuary and the adjacent East China Sea in the 1980s and the 2010s, respectively, to investigate temporal changes of the benthic community and controlling factors for the benthic fauna. Our results revealed more shoreward distribution of some well-known offshore ostracode species in the 2010s compared with the 1980s and a relatively more important role for environmental processes (e.g., bottom-water temperature, bottom-water salinity, and eutrophic conditions of surface water) than spatial processes (e.g., the flow of ocean currents) in structuring ostracode compositions. The temporal changes in the ostracode community are likely attributable to the combined effects of reduced fresh water and sediment discharge and eutrophic conditions of the Changjiang due to the many dams constructed along the Changjiang and population expansion in the Changjiang Basin. Results of redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggest that ocean currents facilitated environmental filtering of ostracode species such that they could disperse to preferred environmental conditions. These findings highlight the potential uses of marine microfossils to better understand ecological impacts on benthic ecosystems in vulnerable Asian mega-deltas and provide insights into the integration of metacommunity concepts in disentangling dynamics of marine benthic communities.
MWA tied-array processing II: Polarimetric verification and analysis of two bright southern pulsars
Authors: Xue Mengyao , Ord S. M. , Tremblay S. E. , Bhat N. D. R. , Sobey C. , Meyers B. W. , McSweeney S. J. , Swainston N. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolarimetric studies of pulsars at low radio frequencies provide important observational insights into the pulsar emission mechanism and beam models, and probe the properties of the magneto-ionic interstellar medium (ISM). Aperture arrays are the main form of next-generation low-frequency telescopes, including the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). These require a distinctly different approach to data processing (e.g. calibration and beamforming) compared to traditional dish antennas. As the second paper of this series, we present a verification of the MWA’s pulsar polarimetry capability, using two bright southern pulsars, PSRs J0742–2822 and J1752–2806. Our observations simultaneously cover multiple frequencies (76–313 MHz) and were taken at multiple zenith angles (ZA) during a single night for each pulsar. We show that the MWA can be reliably calibrated for ZA ≲45° and frequencies ≲270 MHz. We present the polarimetric profiles for PSRs J0742–2822 and J1752–2806 at frequencies lower than 300 MHz for the first time, along with an analysis of the linear polarisation degree and pulse profile evolution with frequency. For PSR J0742–2822, the measured degree of linear polarisation shows a rapid decrease at low frequencies, in contrast with the generally expected trend, which can be attributed to depolarisation effects from small-scale, turbulent, magneto-ionic ISM components. This effect has not been widely explored for pulsars in general and will be further investigated in future work.
Assessment of the Contamination by 14C Airborne Releases in the Vicinity of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Pabedinskas Algirdas , Maceika Evaldas , Šapolaitė Justina , Ežerinskis Žilvinas , Juodis Laurynas , Butkus Laurynas , Bučinskas Laurynas , Remeikis Vidmantas 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA radiocarbon (14C) activity analysis in the tree rings around Ignalina nuclear power plant (INPP) has been carried out with the aim to test the hypothesis to use 14C tree-ring analysis data as a tool for the reconstruction of gaseous releases from NPP to the environment. The INPP has been in decommissioning state since the end of 2009. Tree-ring samples for 14C analysis were collected 7 yr after final power unit shutdown from the INPP vicinity. The samples from 5 sampling locations were collected, prepared and measured using the Single Stage Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (SSAMS). Data analysis represents observable Ignalina NPP influence by 14C increase up to 15 pMC (percent modern carbon) in tree rings. Good correlations of the 14C concentrations and wind direction were obtained. The main purpose of this article was to match 14C measurement data along with the atmospheric dispersion modeling of emissions in order to retrospectively characterize the emission source.
ARISTOTLE'SETHICA EVDEMIA: THE TEXT AND CHARACTER OF THE COMMON BOOKS AS FOUND INETH. EVD.MSS
Authors: Simpson Peter L.P. 
Published: July 2019

Aristotle'sEthica Eudemia(Eth. Eud.) andEthica Nicomachea(Eth. Nic.), as is well known and much discussed, contain three books in common (Eth. Eud.4–6 = Eth. Nic.5–7). Less well known, at least until Dieter Harlfinger alerted scholars to the fact in 1971, is that some of the manuscripts ofEth. Eud.do, contrary to the then prevailing consensus, contain the text of these common books. Even less well known is that Harlfinger's discovery was anticipated some 50 years before by Walter Ashburner, who had uncovered this fact aboutEth. Eud.MSS in the Laurentian library of Florence. Ashburner's anticipation of Harlfinger, however, is not the real value of his article. Its value rather is that it contains collations of readings for the common books, and thereby gives us an excellent resource for examining the text of the common books as this text is contained in exclusivelyEth. Eud.MSS. TheEth. Eud.tradition of the common books has hitherto received little attention. Modern editions ofEth. Eud.do not include these books, and editions ofEth. Nic.have other MSS for the purpose. Ashburner's collations are the more valuable because they are taken from (among others) the one MS that, in Harlfinger's learned stemma, appears as the archetype for all the rest.
Effect of supplementation with Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and vitamin E on milk lipoperoxidation in cows receiving diets containing ground soybean seeds
Authors: Santos Fabio Seiji , Zeoula Lucia Maria , De Lima Luciano Soares , De Marchi Francilaine Eloise , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Santos Nadine Woruby , Pintro Paula Matumoto , Damasceno Julio Cesar , dos Santos Geraldo Tadeu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research communication addresses the hypothesis that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate could help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk enriched in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments were: (1) control diet with no Yerba Mate or vitamin E; (2) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E; (3) diet containing 30 g/kg Yerba Mate; and (4) diet containing 375 IU/kg vitamin E and 30 g/kg Yerba Mate. To increase unsaturated fatty acids in milk, cows were fed 172 g/kg soybean seeds (on a dry matter basis). There was no interaction between vitamin E and Yerba Mate supplementation for milk antioxidant-related (polyphenols, reducing power, conjugated dienes, and TBARS) analyses. Milk reducing power was increased when cows were supplemented with Yerba Mate. Our results suggest that the association of dietary vitamin E and Yerba Mate does not help to prevent or decrease oxidation of milk in UFA.
First case of human Gongylonema pulchrum infection in Slovenia
Authors: Kramar U. , Skvarč M. , Logar M. , Islamović S. , Kolenc M. , Šoba B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Gongylonema infect a wide range of mammals worldwide but are only sporadically reported in humans. We describe a case of human infection with Gongylonema pulchrum in a 41-year-old man. The patient extracted the nematode from the submucosa under his tongue and correctly self-diagnosed the infection with the help of the Google search engine. In the laboratory, the collected nematode was confirmed as G. pulchrum microscopically by morphological analysis and genetically by amplifying and sequencing the parasite's rDNA. This is the first report of human G. pulchrum infection in Slovenia.
Did the Romans Have a Future?
Authors: Shaw Brent D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn analysing matters as diverse as state financing, strategic planning, public benefactions and long-term credit in private business transactions, the historian is faced with an underlying problem about the perceptions of time. One aspect of this problem is the manner in which pictures of a complex future are reflected in the behaviour of agents engaged in these activities. The manner in which actions were (or were not) taken by them suggests a peculiar configuration of future time in the Roman world. It is speculatively argued that perspectives on the future had analogies with the different ways in which a sense of depth was created by artists working on a two-dimensional space and with the contextual ways in which spatial perspective was employed.