bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warburg and Krebs and related effects in cancer
Authors: Unterlass Judith E. , Curtin Nicola J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWarburg and coworkers' observation of altered glucose metabolism in tumours has been neglected for several decades, which, in part, was because of an initial misinterpretation of the basis of their finding. Following the realisation that genetic alterations are often linked to metabolism, and that the tumour micro-environment imposes different demands on cancer cells, has led to a reinvestigation of cancer metabolism in recent years. Increasing our understanding of the drivers and consequences of the Warburg effect in cancer and beyond will help to identify new therapeutic strategies as well as to identify new prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Here we discuss the initial findings of Warburg and coworkers regarding cancer cell glucose metabolism, how these studies came into focus again in recent years following the discovery of metabolic oncogenes, and the therapeutic potential that lies within targeting the altered metabolic phenotype in cancer. In addition, another essential nutrient in cancer metabolism, glutamine, will be discussed.
Reducing unnecessary urethral catheter use in Japanese intensive care units: A multicenter interventional study
Authors: Kuriyama Akira , Fowler Karen E. , Meddings Jennifer , Irie Hiromasa , Kawakami Daisuke , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Sakuraya Masaaki , Katayama Kohta , Tokuda Yasuharu , Saint Sanjay 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe conducted a preintervention–postintervention study to assess the effectiveness of a multimodal approach to reduce unnecessary urethral catheters in 5 Japanese intensive care units. After the intervention urethral catheter point prevalence decreased by 18%, from 79% preintervention to 61% postintervention, and catheter appropriateness increased by 28%, from 57% preintervention to 85% postintervention.
The pharmakon of ‘If’: working with Steven Shapin'sA Social History of Truth
Authors: WINTROUB MICHAEL 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhilst the ‘local culture’ of experimental natural philosophy in seventeenth-century England drew on ‘resources’ supplied by the gentlemanly identity of men like Robert Boyle, this culture found much of its distinctiveness in a series of exclusions having to do with faith, gender and class. My concern in this essay is less with these exclusions, and the distinctions they enabled, than with their surreptitious returns. Following from this, as a heuristic strategy, I will try to understand how Boyle and Co. used and reacted to, repressed and cathected, that which they sought to exclude. By charting the movements of exile and return across the contested frontiers of class, gender and faith, truth and lies, authenticity and performance, we can, I believe, fruitfully complicate our understandings of both the social history of truth, and the social history of our ‘post-truth’ predicament.
Promontory osteoma mimicking otosclerosis: case report
Authors: Gülşen S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis case report presents a middle-ear osteoma mimicking otosclerosis that was located at the promontory. The osteoma was successfully excised using an endoscopic transcanal approach without any complication.Case reportA 21-year-old man presented with a 4-year history of progressive conductive hearing loss (47 dB with a 30-dB air–bone gap) with intermittent tinnitus of recent onset in his right ear. Endoscopic transcanal middle-ear exploration showed that an osteoma located on the promontory was restricting the mobility of the stapes by affecting the anterior crus of the stapes. After transcanal resection of the osteoma, pure tone audiometry improved to 23 dB with a 5-dB air–bone gap. Tinnitus resolved spontaneously without any additional treatment.ConclusionPromontory osteomas, a rare and usually asymptomatic clinical entity, should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis in patients with progressive conductive hearing loss and tinnitus with intact stapedial reflexes and normal otoscopic findings.
Estimating population parameters for the Critically Endangered Bermuda skink using robust design capture–mark–recapture modelling
Authors: Turner Helena , Griffiths Richard A. , Outerbridge Mark E. , Garcia Gerardo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReliably estimating population parameters for highly secretive or rare animals is challenging. We report on the status of the two largest remaining populations of the Critically Endangered Bermuda skink Plestiodon longirostris, using a robust design capture–mark–recapture analysis. Skinks were tagged with passive integrated transponders on two islands and captured on 15 sampling occasions per year over 3 years. The models provided precise estimates of abundance, capture and survival probabilities and temporary emigration. We estimated skink abundance to be 547 ± SE 63.5 on Southampton Island and 277 ± SE 28.4 on Castle Island. The populations do not appear to be stable and fluctuated at both sites over the 3-year period. Although the populations on these two islands appear viable, the Bermuda skink faces population fluctuations and remains threatened by increasing anthropogenic activities, invasive species and habitat loss. We recommend these two populations for continued monitoring and conservation efforts.
Sympatric western lowland gorillas, central chimpanzees and humans are infected with different trichomonads
Authors: Petrželková K. J. , Smejkalová P. , Céza V. , Pafčo B. , Shutt-Phillips K. A. , Todd A. , Jirků-Pomajbíková K. , Benavides J. , Modrý D. , Čepička I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigated intestinal trichomonads in western lowland gorillas, central chimpanzees and humans cohabiting the forest ecosystem of Dzanga-Sangha Protected Area in Central African Republic, using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and SSU rRNA gene sequences. Trichomonads belonging to the genus Tetratrichomonas were detected in 23% of the faecal samples and in all host species. Different hosts were infected with different genotypes of Tetratrichomonas. In chimpanzees, we detected tetratrichomonads from ‘novel lineage 2’, which was previously reported mostly in captive and wild chimpanzees. In gorillas, we found two different genotypes of Tetratrichomonas. The ITS region sequences of the more frequent genotype were identical to the sequence found in a faecal sample of a wild western lowland gorilla from Cameroon. Sequences of the second genotype from gorillas were almost identical to sequences previously obtained from an anorexic French woman. We provide the first report of the presence of intestinal tetratrichomonads in asymptomatic, apparently healthy humans. Human tetratrichomonads belonged to the lineage 7, which was previously reported in domestic and wild pigs and a domestic horse. Our findings suggest that the ecology and spatial overlap among hominids in the tropical forest ecosystem has not resulted in exchange of intestinal trichomonads among these hosts.
Circular-shaped differential wideband band pass filter
Authors: Kumar Jhariya Dharmendra , Mohan Akhilesh , Kaushik Rahul , Saxena Vishal Narain 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe design of a circular-shaped differential wideband band pass filter (BPF) is described. The proposed filter is compact and provides good common mode (CM) suppression. It consists of four ports with a circular-shaped differential mode (DM). The analysis of the filter has been carried out by bisecting it into identical two-port networks along the symmetry plane, resulting in a band stop or band pass response under CM or DM excitations, respectively. The length and width of the stubs can be tuned to obtain the desired pass band and stop band of the differential BPF. The proposed design is fabricated and measured. The results obtained using measurements are in close agreement with those obtained using simulations.
High-risk blastemal Wilms tumor can be modeled by 3D spheroid cultures in vitro
Authors: Wegert Jenny , Zauter Lisa , Appenzeller Silke , Otto Christoph , Bausenwein Sabrina , Vokuhl Christian , Ernestus Karen , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Graf Norbert , Gessler Manfred 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In vitro models represent a critical tool in cancer research to study tumor biology and to evaluate new treatment options. Unfortunately, there are no effective preclinical models available that represent Wilms tumor (WT) — the most common pediatric renal tumor. Especially the high-risk blastemal WT subtype is not represented by the few primary cell lines established until now. Here, we describe a new 3D approach for in vitro cultivation of blastemal WT cells, where primary cultures grown in suspension as spheroids could be propagated long-term. Besides blastemal cultures, we could generate spheroids representing epithelial and stromal WT. Spheroid cultures were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in comparison to corresponding tumor sections and were further characterized by RNA sequencing. Histological appearance of spheroids resembled the original tumor and they expressed marker genes characteristic of early renal development and blastemal WT elements. The cultures were amenable to genetic manipulation and they formed xenograft tumors, which resemble the primary human tumor. This collection of WT spheroids that carry different genetic drivers forms a long-sought tool for drug testing and in vitro modeling.
3D Analysis of Ordered Porous Polymeric Particles using Complementary Electron Microscopy Methods
Authors: Alvarez Juan , Saudino Giovanni , Musteata Valentina , Madhavan Poornima , Genovese Alessandro , Behzad Ali Reza , Sougrat Rachid , Boi Cristiana , Peinemann Klaus-Viktor , Nunes Suzana P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHighly porous particles with internal triply periodic minimal surfaces were investigated for sorption of proteins. The visualization of the complex ordered morphology requires complementary advanced methods of electron microscopy for 3D imaging, instead of a simple 2D projection: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography, slice-and-view focused ion beam (FIB) and serial block face (SBF) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capability of each method of 3D image reconstruction was demonstrated and their potential of application to other synthetic polymeric systems was discussed. TEM has high resolution for details even smaller than 1 nm, but the imaged volume is relatively restricted (2.5 μm)3. The samples are pre-sliced in an ultramicrotome. FIB and SBF are coupled to a SEM. The sample sectioning is donein situ, respectively by an ion beam or an ultramicrotome, SBF, a method so far mostly applied only to biological systems, was particularly highly informative to reproduce the ordered morphology of block copolymer particles with 32–54 nm nanopores and sampling volume (20 μm)3.
Analysis of vertebrate vision in a 384-well imaging system
Authors: Thorn Robert J. , Dombroski Amanda , Eller Kerry , Dominguez-Gonzalez Tania M. , Clift Danielle E. , Baek Peter , Seto Renee J. , Kahn Elizabeth S. , Tucker Sara K. , Colwill Ruth M. , Sello Jason K. , Creton Robbert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVisual impairment affects 253 million people worldwide and new approaches for prevention and treatment are urgently needed. While small molecules with potential beneficial effects can be examined in various model systems, the in vivo evaluation of visual function remains a challenge. The current study introduces a novel imaging system for measuring visually-guided behaviors in larval zebrafish. The imaging system is the first to image four 96-well plates with a single camera for automated measurements of activity in a 384-well format. In addition, it is the first system to project moving visual stimuli and analyze the optomotor response in the wells of a 96-well plate. We found that activity is affected by tricaine, diazepam and flumazenil. Surprisingly, diazepam treatments induce a loss of visual responses, at concentrations that do not affect activity or induce hyperactivity. Overall, our studies show that the developed imaging system is suitable for automated measurements of vertebrate vision in a high-throughput format.
Backflow Effect Enabling Fast Response and Low Driving Voltage of Electrophoretic E-ink Dispersion by Liquid Crystal Additives
Authors: Zhang Ya-Di , Hu Wen-Jie , Qiu Zhi-Guang , Xu Jia-Zhe , Yang Ming-Yang , Gu Yi-Fan , Cao Jin-Xin , Chen Peng , Liu Gui-Shi , Yang Bo-Ru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectrophoretic display encountered several challenges towards high frame rate applications, such as long response time and high driving voltage. In this study, liquid crystal additive doping can simultaneously increase the response speed by 2.8 times and reduce the driving voltage to half of the initial value of electrophoretic dispersion. The backflow effect of liquid crystal, which induces an inversely electrorheological effect and facilitates the reverse micelles’ dielectrophoretic separation, was suggested to be the main reason for the performance improvement. The proposed method is facile and effective which shows promising potential for fast response and low power consumption e-paper applications.
World’s largest dam removal reverses coastal erosion
Authors: Warrick Jonathan A. , Stevens Andrew W. , Miller Ian M. , Harrison Shawn R. , Ritchie Andrew C. , Gelfenbaum Guy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoastal erosion outpaces land generation along many of the world’s deltas and a significant percentage of shorelines, and human-caused alterations to coastal sediment budgets can be important drivers of this erosion. For sediment-starved and erosion-prone coasts, large-scale enhancement of sediment supply may be an important, but poorly understood, management option. Here we provide new topographic measurements that show patterns and trends of beach accretion following the restoration of sediment supply from a massive dam removal project. River sediment was initially deposited in intertidal-to-subtidal deltaic lobes, and this sediment was reworked by ocean waves into subaerial river mouth bars over time scales of several months. These river mouth bars welded to the shoreline and then initiated waves of sediment accretion along adjacent upcoast and downcoast beaches. Although the downcoast shoreline has a high wave-angle setting, the sedimentation waves straightened the downcoast shoreline rather than forming self-organized quasi-periodic instabilities, which suggests that simple coastal evolution theory did not hold under these conditions. Combined with other mega-nourishment projects, these findings provide new understanding of littoral responses to the restoration of sediment supplies.
NADPH oxidase is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy: association with MAPK pathway activation
Authors: Hernandez Isabelle , Fournier Thierry , Chissey Audrey , Therond Patrice , Slama Abdel , Beaudeux Jean-Louis , Zerrad-Saadi Amal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFirst-trimester placenta (<10 gestational weeks (GW)) develops in a low oxygen environment (≈2%). Early oxygen exposure can cause oxidative damage leading to pregnancy disorders. The aim of this work was to determine the major sources of placental superoxide during early pregnancy - more specifically before 10 GW - and to study redox adaptation to increased oxygen pressure after 12 GW. Our results show that NADPH oxidase (Nox) is the main source of superoxide in first-trimester chorionic villi. Its activity is higher before 10 GW and concomitant with the location on the syncytiotrophoblast apical pole of p47phox, the Nox organizer subunit. After the increase in pO2 pressure (12–14 GW), the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, catalase and GPX1 are increased. The redox-sensitive MAPK pathways show increased phosphorylated-p38 expression, but no variation in the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) during first trimester, suggesting a physiological redox adaptation, whilst ERK1/2 phosphorylation is higher after 12 GW. Nox is the major superoxide source in early pregnancy (<10 GW). Increased superoxide production at 7–9 GW is associated with p38 MAPK pathway activation, suggesting that it is involved in physiological placental function and healthy early development of the placenta, through MAPK pathways.
Gynura divaricata ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance by modulating insulin signalling, maintaining glycolipid homeostasis and reducing inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Dong Xuan , Zhao Shu-Xiang , Xu Bing-Qing , Zhang Yu-Qing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, one of the fastest growing epidemics worldwide, has become a serious health problem in modern society. Gynura divaricata (GD), an edible medicinal plant, has been shown to have hypoglycaemic effects. The molecular mechanisms by which GD improves hepatic insulin resistance (IR) in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain largely unknown. The aerial parts of GD were prepared in a lyophilized powder, which was added into the diet of T2D mice for 4 weeks. GD could result in an obvious decrease in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels in T2D mice. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanisms involved in the insulin-signalling pathway, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and inflammatory reaction in the liver tissue were also investigated by western blot, which indicated that GD further ameliorated hepatic IR by activating the PI3K/p-AKT pathway, decreasing the levels of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase and increasing the levels of glucokinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in the livers of T2D mice. GD has the potential to alleviate both hyperglycaemia and hepatic IR in T2D mice. Therefore, GD might be a promising functional food or medicine for T2D treatment.
Fortgeschrittenes Pankreaskarzinom: Hoch-intensiver fokussierter Ultraschall (HIFU) und andere lokal ablative Verfahren
Authors: Marinova Milka , Wilhelm-Buchstab Timo , Strunk Holger 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das lokal fortgeschrittene Pankreaskarzinom ist ein lebenslimitierender Tumor mit einer Vielzahl von Symptomen, u. a. Tumorschmerz. Lokal ablative Verfahren, die thermische oder auch nichtthermische Techniken anwenden, können als moderne Therapieoptionen zur Tumorkontrolle und symptomatischen Verbesserung eingesetzt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die derzeit verfügbaren Behandlungsverfahren und -ergebnisse, einschließlich unserer eigenen Erfahrungen mit dem hoch-intensiven fokussierten Ultraschall (HIFU).
Methode Unsere Erfahrungen mit der HIFU-Therapie beim Pankreaskarzinom basieren auf 89 Patienten (UICC III-IV). Neben den HIFU-Ergebnissen wurden Ergebnisse zur lokalen Tumorkontrolle, Sicherheit sowie Mortalität und behandlungsabhängigen Veränderung von Symptomen aus publizierten Studien zur Radiofrequenz-, Mikrowellen- und Kryoablation, irreversiblen Elektroporation und stereotaktischen Strahlentherapie einbezogen.
Ergebnisse Obwohl die unterschiedlichen Modalitäten überwiegend sicher durchführbar sind, bietet der HIFU mit seiner Nicht-Invasivität einen entscheidenden methodischen Vorteil. Mit HIFU konnte bei 85% der Patienten eine effektive und lang anhaltende Schmerzlinderung erreicht werden; bei 50% war nach 6 Wochen keinerlei analgetische Medikation erforderlich. Leider sind Schmerzlinderung und Lebensqualität bei den anderen lokalen Behandlungsmethoden nur selten untersucht. Eine Tumormassenreduktion konnte mit allen ablativen Therapien erreicht werden, wobei diese 6 Monate nach HIFU im Mittel bei 60% lag. Unterschiede in der behandlungsassoziierten Morbidität wurden berichtet, sind jedoch aufgrund der unausgewogenen Studienpopulationen nur eingeschränkt vergleichbar.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Vielzahl an lokal ablativen Behandlungsmodalitäten sind zur Tumormassenreduktion beim fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskarzinom verfügbar, bieten aber unterschiedlichen symptomatischen Nutzen. Eine effektive und lang anhaltende Reduktion von Tumorschmerzen ohne Einführen von Nadeln oder Elektroden in den Tumorbereich bietet ausschließlich das HIFU-Verfahren. Randomisierte, kontrollierte klinische Studien zum direkten Vergleich der hier vorgestellten Modalitäten sind in der näheren Zukunft zu befürworten.
The Relative Location of the Dye Staining Endpoint Indicated With Polypropylene Glycol-Based Caries Dye versus Conventional Propylene Glycol-Based Caries Dye
Authors: Boston Daniel W , Jefferies Steven R , Gaughan John P 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study determined the difference in the location of the caries dye staining endpoint of 1% Acid Red dye in propylene glycol versus that of 1% Acid Red dye in polypropylene glycol.Methods: Freshly extracted permanent molar crowns with primary occlusal carious lesions were chisel-split axially to expose the lesion in cross-section on both halves. One half was stained with propylene glycol-based dye and the other with polypropylene glycol-based dye. For the control group, both halves were stained with propylene glycol-based dye. The dye staining front was marked on digital images of the stained split surfaces, and the images were aligned using reference notches. The distance between the marked staining front lines was measured in five locations, and the measurement protocol was repeated. Weighted averages and a 95% confidence interval for the distance between marked staining front lines were calculated for the control and experimental groups.Results: The weighted average distance for the experimental group (0.298 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.240 mm -0.357 mm) was about four times that of the control group (0.070 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.051 mm - 0.089 mm). Generally, the marked staining line for the polypropylene glycol-based dye specimens was located shallow (occlusal) to the propylene glycol-based staining line (range -0.12 mm to 0.66 mm).Conclusions: The staining endpoint of 1% Acid Red dye in polypropylene glycol is shallower than that of 1% Acid Red dye in propylene glycol. The method is useful for comparing staining endpoints of caries dye formulations. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:29-36)
Intraoral Repair of All Ceramic Fixed Partial Denture Utilizing Preimpregnated
Fiber Reinforced Composite
Authors: Turkaslan Süha , Tezvergil-Mutluay Arzu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAll ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPD)s exhibit enhanced biocompatibility and esthetics as compared to metal-ceramic restorations. However, framework fractures are frequently reported especially when the connector dimensions are inadequate to withstand the high tensile stresses. The repair of the failed connector would be desirable rather than the complete removal and renewal since the latter is an expensive and time consuming procedure. Furthermore, the replacement or removal of the restoration for extra-oral repair purposes might increase the risk of destroying the entire restoration or damaging the abutment teeth during the removal. This article presents a direct intra-oral method that may be used to repair the connector fractures of all-ceramic FPDs which are otherwise clinically satisfactory. In the present technique, the connector is reconstructed intraorally utilizing composite resin restorative material reinforced with E-glass-fiber. (Eur J Dent 2008;2:63-68)