bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorophyllin supplementation modulates hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver of streptozotocin‐administered mice
Authors: Patar Abani Kumar , Sharma Anupama , Syiem Donkupar , Bhan Surya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChlorophyllin is a water‐soluble mixture of sodium–copper salts of chlorophyll with antioxidant and antimutagen properties. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of chlorophyllin on hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver of streptozotocin (STZ)‐administered mice. In STZ‐induced diabetes, two causative factors for pancreatic β‐cell deaths are DNA alkylation and profound reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, chlorophyllin treatment was found to be able to modulate oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver of diabetic mice. Diabetic mice exhibited a significant reduction of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl levels upon treatment with the chlorophyllin. However, antioxidant enzymes, such as copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase (CAT) showed enhanced activity as well as expression in chlorophyllin‐administered diabetic mice. The hepatoprotective effect of chlorophyllin was confirmed from the decreased activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The histological and ultrastructural studies revealed the ability of chlorophyllin to restore morphological and cellular alterations as observed in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. The effect of chlorophyllin on apoptosis showed the downregulation of cysteine‐dependent aspartate‐specific protease (caspase) 3 and caspase 9, whereas upregulation of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) protein, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay demonstrated a few apoptotic cells. In conclusion, it can be stated that chlorophyllin treatment can exert hepatoprotective effect via modulating hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in STZ‐administered diabetic mice. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5):418–430, 2018
Pharmacokinetics of monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids in myocardial infarction and normal rats after oral administration of Sini decoction by microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Qian , Meng Ping , Wang Haibo , Dong Xin , Tan Guangguo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids are the main bioactive components of Sini decoction, which is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure in China. In this work, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with microdialysis method was successfully established and applied for investigating for the first time comparative plasma pharmacokinetics of three monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids (benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine) in normal and MI rats after oral administration of Sini decoction. The statistical results of pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated that benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine showed lower peak concentration, longer half‐life, smaller area under the concentration–time curve, slower clearance, time to peak concentration and mean residence time in MI rats than in normal rats (p < 0.05), which indicated that monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids exhibited lower systemic exposure and slower elimination in the MI rats. The results provided the experimental basis for understanding the metabolic fate and therapeutic effects of Sini decoction.
CTHRC1 overexpression predicts poor survival and enhances epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ni Shujuan , Ren Fei , Xu Midie , Tan Cong , Weng Weiwei , Huang Zhaohui , Sheng Weiqi , Huang Dan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCollagen triple helix repeat containing (CTHRC1), which was identified as a cancer‐related factor, is a promigratory protein involved in multiple processes, including vascular remodeling, antifibrosis, metabolism, bone formation, and cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and possible role of CTHRC1 in the process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we revealed that CTHRC1 mRNA and protein levels are both upregulated in CRC tissues compared with those of paired noncancerous tissues. Moreover, the overexpression of CTHRC1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC (especially colon cancer). Furthermore, we showed that CTHRC1 induced EMT and promoted cell motility in CRC cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that CTHRC1 promoted EMT by activating transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling, revealing a possible effective therapeutic treatment for patients with CRC.
The role of tissue and serum carcinoembryonic antigen in stages I to III of colorectal cancer—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tong Guojun , Xu Wei , Zhang Guiyang , Liu Jian , Zheng Zhaozheng , Chen Yan , Niu Pingping , Xu Xuting 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTissue carcinoembryonic antigen (t‐CEA) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (s‐CEA) expression profiles are the most useful tumor markers for the diagnosis and evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide; however, their roles in CRC progression remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the prognostic values of both s‐CEA and t‐CEA in CRC.MethodsA total of 517 patients from January 2006 to December 2010 with stages I‐III CRC were retrospectively examined, with 5‐year postoperative follow‐up and death as end‐points. T‐CEA expression, s‐CEA expression, and clinical pathological parameters were inputted into the SPSS 21.0 software. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to analyze the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate of patients in different tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages based on t‐CEA and s‐CEA expression.ResultsTumor differentiation and the number of positive lymph node harvests were significantly different among the t‐CEA groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.002); however, clinicopathological features showed no significant difference. The groups with high s‐CEA and t‐CEA expression had a significantly poorer prognosis than those with low s‐CEA (P = 0.021) and t‐CEA (P < 0.01) expression, respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that t‐CEA was an independent prognostic factor in CRC (P < 0.001), but s‐CEA was not (P = 0.339). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates among the t‐CEA groups were significantly different in stages I, II, and III of CRC (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), whereas in the s‐CEA groups, this difference was observed only in stage III (P = 0.014).ConclusionThis study shows that postoperative t‐CEA expression is an independent factor associated with poorer CRC prognosis and has a higher prognostic value than that of preoperative s‐CEA expression.
Formal and Informal Help‐Seeking by Australian Parents who Misuse Alcohol
Authors: Meyer Silke , Eggins Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

Parental substance misuse has a pervasive impact on family functioning, parenting, and, ultimately, child wellbeing and development. Subsequently, linkages with informal and formal support networks are crucial for ameliorating risk. To facilitate engagement with these families prior to identification in child protection systems, it is vital to understand the factors inhibiting and promoting engagement with informal and formal support. This paper examines how different factors influence informal and formal help‐seeking by alcohol‐misusing parents with regard to parenting and family concerns. Parents reporting alcohol problems in a clinical range (n = 322) were drawn from a representative parent sample (n = 1991). Alcohol‐misusing parents reported low help‐seeking for parenting‐focused support services. The findings particularly highlight the role of age, education, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, parenting stress, empowerment and trust in support services for predicting parents' help‐seeking.‘Examines how different factors influence informal and formal help‐seeking by alcohol‐misusing parents with regard to parenting and family concerns’
Influence of Impregnation and Ion Exchange Sequence on Metal Localization, Acidity and Catalytic Performance of Cobalt BEA Zeolite Catalysts in Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Flores Camila , Batalha Nuno , Marcilio Nilson R. , Ordomsky Vitaly V. , Khodakov Andrei Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCobalt distribution between the external surface and micropores and acidity of the large pore BEA zeolite were controlled by choosing the sequence of impregnation and ion exchange procedures. Higher concentration of ion exchangeable cobalt was observed in the catalyst prepared by ion‐exchange of the zeolite proton form. The presence of Na+ instead of H+ ions in the exchange positions of zeolite favored deposition of cobalt on the external surface. The acid sites in the zeolite micropores can be then restored by subsequent ion exchange of sodium with ammonium nitrate and calcination. The catalytic performance of the cobalt zeolite catalysts prepared using different impregnation and ion exchange procedures was tested in the Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis. Higher reaction rates were observed over the catalysts, which did not contain cobalt ions in the cation sites of the zeolite. Lower methane selectivity, higher selectivity to long chain hydrocarbons and high fraction of isomerized products are observed when cobalt species are located on the zeolite outer surface and acid sites inside the BEA zeolite micropores.
Methanol Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Amine Formylation with CO2 and H2 by the Formation of HCOOCH3
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Chen Bingfeng , Liu Shulin , Shen Xiaojun , Li Shaopeng , Yang Youdi , Liu Huizhen , Han Buxing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe N‐formylation reaction of amines is one of the most effective measures to make the best use of CO2, since the formamides have widespread applications in industry. Herein, we performed the N‐formylation reaction over Mg−Al layered double hydroxide (Mg−Al LDH) supported Pd catalyst (Pd/LDH) for the first time and studied the relation between the solvent and the mechanism. In this reaction, the methanol can greatly improve the yield of the desired product by forming the HCOOCH3. The catalytic system is effective for various amines including cyclic and alkyl secondary amines. Under the optimized reaction condition, we gained 88.5 %–97.4 % yields of the formamides for various substrates.
Direct Synthesis of H2O2 on Pd Based Catalysts: Modelling the Particle Size Effects and the Promoting Role of Polyvinyl Alcohol
Authors: Giorgianni Gianfranco , Abate Salvatore , Centi Gabriele , Perathoner Siglinda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSol immobilization is a relevant preparation method, particularly for the preparation of Pd‐based catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2. In this preparation, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) acts as capping agent for Pd particles. Modelling the role of PVA on the Pd nanoparticle size and its promoting effect on the selectivity is important to understand better these catalysts. Here, Pd based catalysts prepared by sol immobilization have been tested in a semi‐batch reactor with an H2/O2 ratio ≈1, analysing the influence of the Pd nanoparticle size and the effect of PVA on the rate constants of the reaction network and their change during the reaction. A stepwise testing protocol coupled with transmission electron microscopy characterization as a function of reaction time has been used. These catalysts were compared with other catalysts prepared by hydrazine reduction and impregnation‐decomposition, where PVA is absent. The results are analysed in terms of rate constants for the various rates in the reaction network in relation with the Pd average particle size and related sites distribution, as a function of the changes occurring during extended catalytic tests. The SI‐series of catalysts (prepared by sol‐immobilization) shows enhanced properties, attributed to the effect of PVA capping agent in forming less defective Pd nanoparticles. This induces both a decrease of direct combustion and secondary hydrogenolysis reactions, and an enhancement of the direct synthesis route. The PVA layer limits H2O2 back‐diffusion with a negative influence on the productivity and selectivity, with its removal leading to initial enhanced performances, but in long‐term to a worsening due to sintering of Pd nanoparticles in extended operations.
Investigation of the Isolated Cr(VI) Species in Cr/MCM‐41 Catalysts and its Effect on Catalytic Activity for Dehydrogenation of Propane
Authors: He Dedong , Zhang Yaliu , Yang Shuang , Mei Yi , Luo Yongming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCr‐modified MCM‐41 with different loadings were prepared and tested in the propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reaction. As for Cr/MCM‐41 system, the general knowledge was that high Cr loadings resulted in the reduction of silica surface hydroxyl groups, thus leading to the formation of inactive Cr(III) species, as clusters and/or crystalline Cr2O3. However, in the present work, isolated Cr(VI) states were identified in the Cr/MCM‐41 catalysts, instead of Cr(III) species, using UV‐vis and H2‐TPR. These isolated Cr(VI) species are difficult to reduce, causing the decreased activity for propane conversion and low selectivity towards C3H6 in the PDH process. In contrast, a good dispersion of the Cr species was obtained using a chromium column adsorption process, and the absence of the isolated state of Cr(VI) species on this sample contributed to high activity toward PDH process. The investigation of the isolated Cr(VI) species is very important for the Cr‐based PDH catalyst system.
Performance of methods that separate common and distinct variation in multiple data blocks
Authors: Måge Ingrid , Smilde Age K. , van der Kloet Frans M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn many areas of science, multiple sets of data are collected from the samples. Such data sets can be analyzed by multiblock (or data fusion) methods. The aim is usually to get a holistic understanding of the system or better prediction of some response. Lately, several scientific groups have developed methods for separatingcommonanddistinctvariation between multiple data blocks. Although the objective is the same, the strategies and algorithms are completely different for these methods. In this paper, we investigate the practical properties of the four most popular methods for separating common and distinct variation: JIVE, DISCO, PCA‐GCA, and OnPLS. The main barrier complicating the use of any of these methods is model selection and validation. Especially when the numbers of blocks is more than two. By the use of extensive simulations, we have elucidated the three properties that are important for assessing the validity of the results: The ability to identify the correct model, the ability to estimate the true, underlying subspaces, and the robustness towards misspecification of the model.The simulated data sets mimic a range of “real life” data, with different dimensionalities and variance structures. We are thus able to identify which methods work best for different types of data structures, and pinpoint weak spots for each method. The results show that PCA‐GCA works best for model selection, while JIVE and DISCO give the best estimates of the subspaces and are most robust towards model misspecification.
Unraveling the Twin and Tunability of the Crystal Domain Sizes in the Medium‐Pore Zeolite ZSM‐57 by Electron Crystallography
Authors: Wang Lei , Yan Nana , Liu Xiaona , Zhao Xuebin , Shen Meikun , Liu Leifeng , Tian Peng , Guo Peng , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTailoring the morphology of a specific crystalline material through distinct crystal growth mechanisms (classical and nonclassical) is challenging. Herein, we report the two unique morphologies of a medium‐pore (10×8‐ring) zeolite, ZSM‐57, prepared by employing an identical organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA) and different inorganic cations, namely Na+ and K+, denoted as ZSM‐57‐Na (pentagonal nanoplates) and ZSM‐57‐K (pentagonal nanoprisms), respectively. The tunable twin domain size and twin boundaries in both samples have been unraveled at the atomic level by electron crystallography. It is of significance to note that the 10‐ring pore openings run perpendicular to the pentagonal nanoplates and nanoprisms. Moreover, the distinct crystal growth mechanisms, which result in the different unique morphologies and tunable twin domains, were further determined by electron crystallography combined with other techniques. Nonclassical growth involving the aggregation of amorphous aluminosilicate nanoparticles to the smooth ZSM‐57‐Na crystal surface dominates the ZSM‐57‐Na crystallization process. For the ZSM‐57‐K sample, the classical layer‐by‐layer growth through the addition of silica molecules to advancing steps on the crystal surface dominates the ZSM‐57‐K crystallization process. The different morphologies of both samples result in the distinct catalytic lifespan of the methanol conversion and selectivity of lower olefins.
A Dimeric 2,9‐Diamino‐1,10‐phenanthroline Derivative Improves Alternative Splicing in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Cell and Mouse Models
Authors: Li Jinxing , Nakamori Masayuki , Matsumoto Jun , Murata Asako , Dohno Chikara , Kiliszek Agnieszka , Taylor Katarzyna , Sobczak Krzysztof , Nakatani Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExpanded r(CUG) repeats are the cause of the neurological disorder myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). The pathological features of DM1 include the formation of ribonuclear foci containing expanded r(CUG) repeats, which sequester the MBNL1 protein and lead to the misregulation of alternative pre‐mRNA splicing. Small molecules that bind to the r(CUG) repeats and improve alternative splicing have therapeutic potential in the treatment of DM1. Herein, the synthesis of DDAP (a dimeric form of the CUG‐binding molecule DAP reported previously), its binding properties to r(CUG) repeats, and its effect on the misregulation of splicing are reported. The surface plasmon resonance assay, circular dichroism spectra, and ESI‐TOF mass spectrometry results confirmed the binding of DDAP to r(CUG)9 repeats. Studies on a DM1 cell model and a DM1 mouse model revealed that DDAP was partially effective in the recovery of the pre‐mRNA splicing defects. The mechanism underlying this recovery was studied in vitro through a competitive binding assay, and suggested that DDAP could interfere with the binding of MBNL1 to r(CUG) repeats in a concentration‐dependent manner.
Continuous‐flow Synthesis of Aryl Aldehydes by Pd‐catalyzed Formylation of Aryl Bromides Using Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen
Authors: Hone Christopher A. , Lopatka Pavol , Munday Rachel , O'Kearney‐McMullan Anne , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA continuous‐flow protocol utilizing syngas (CO and H2) was developed for the palladium‐catalyzed reductive carbonylation of (hetero)aryl bromides to their corresponding (hetero)aryl aldehydes. The optimization of temperature, pressure, catalyst and ligand loading, and residence time resulted in process‐intensified flow conditions for the transformation. In addition, a key benefit of investigating the reaction in flow is the ability to precisely control the CO‐to‐H2 stoichiometric ratio, which was identified as having a critical influence on yield. The protocol proceeds with low catalyst and ligand loadings: palladium acetate (1 mol % or below) and cataCXium A (3 mol % or below). A variety of (hetero)aryl bromides at a 3 mmol scale were converted to their corresponding (hetero)aryl aldehydes at 12 bar pressure (CO/H2=1:3) and 120 °C reaction temperature within 45 min residence time to afford products mostly in good‐to‐excellent yields (17 examples). In particular, a successful scale‐up was achieved over 415 min operation time for the reductive carbonylation of 2‐bromo‐6‐methoxynaphthalene to synthesize 3.8 g of 6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthaldehyde in 85 % isolated yield. Studies were conducted to understand catalyst decomposition within the reactor by using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) analysis. The palladium could easily be recovered using an aqueous nitric acid wash post reaction. Mechanistic aspects and the scope of the transformation are discussed.
Nerves and Proliferation of Progenitor Cells in Limb Regeneration
Authors: Stocum David L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNerves, in conjunction with the apical epidermal cap (AEC), play an important role in the proliferation of the mesenchymal progenitor cells comprising the blastema of regenerating urodele amphibian limbs. Reinnervation after amputation requires factors supplied by the forming blastema, and neurotrophic factors must be present at or above a quantitative threshold for mitosis of the blastema cells. The AEC forms independently of nerves, but requires nerves to be maintained. Urodele limb buds are independent of nerves for regeneration, but innervation imposes a regenerative requirement for nerve factors on their cells as they differentiate. There are three main ideas on the functional relationship between nerves, AEC, and blastema cells: (1) nerves and AEC produce factors with different roles in maintaining progenitor status and mitosis; (2) the AEC produces the factors that promote blastema cell mitosis, but requires nerves to express them; (3) blastema cells, nerves, and AEC all produce the same factor(s) that additively attain the required threshold for mitosis.
Phrenic nerve stimulation to treat patients with central sleep apnoea and heart failure
Authors: Costanzo Maria Rosa , Ponikowski Piotr , Coats Andrew , Javaheri Shahrokh , Augostini Ralph , Goldberg Lee R. , Holcomb Richard , Kao Andrew , Khayat Rami N. , Oldenburg Olaf , Stellbrink Christoph , McKane Scott , Abraham William T. ,   for the remedē System Pivotal Trial Study Group
Published: October 2018

AimsThe presence of central sleep apnoea (CSA) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate if using phrenic nerve stimulation to treat CSA in patients with CSA and HF was associated with changes in HF‐specific metrics.Methods and resultsAll patients randomized in the remedē System Pivotal Trial and identified at baseline with HF were included (n = 96). Effectiveness data from treatment and former control groups were pooled based on months since therapy activation. Changes from baseline to 6 and 12 months in sleep metrics, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, patient global assessment health‐related quality of life, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and echocardiographic parameters are reported. HF hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death within 6 months are reported by the original randomized group assignment for safety assessment. Sleep metrics and quality of life improved from baseline to 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, MLHFQ scores changed by –6.8 ± 20.0 (P = 0.005). The 6‐month rate of HF hospitalization was 4.7% in treatment patients (standard error = 3.3) and 17.0% in control patients (standard error = 5.5) (P = 0.065). Reported adverse events were as expected for a transvenous implantable system.ConclusionsPhrenic nerve stimulation reduces CSA severity in patients with HF. In parallel, this CSA treatment was associated with benefits on HF quality of life.