bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Inequality of Low-Wage Migrant Labour: Reflections onPN v FRandOPT v Presteve Foods
Authors: Hastie Bethany 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article explores the inequality inhering to low-wage migrant labour and critically evaluates the current capacity of human rights law to account for and address this inequality. This article uses two recent human rights tribunal decisions as case studies through which to conduct this examination:PN v FR, 2015 BCHRT 60, andOPT v Presteve Foods Ltd, 2015 HRTO 675. While these cases establish the positive role of human rights law in accounting for the wider context in which inequality impacts on migrant labour, this role is also inherently limited by the purpose, scope, and function of the Tribunals. This article will identify and discuss issues illustrated in the cases that are reflective of deeper systemic and structural inequalities attending low-wage migrant labour, including: the underlying reasons motivating low-wage labour migration; the legal regulations governing migrant workers’ status and employment conditions; and, the racialization of migrant workers.
Temporary Labour Migration and the “Ceremony of Innocence” of Postwar Labour Law: Confronting “the South of the North”
Authors: Smith Adrian A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe article considers the temporary labour migration program in Canada, which catapults workers from the global South into work and wider relations in the global North, in the context of debates swirling around Anglo-American labour law. There is widespread consensus that labour law is experiencing a sustained moment of crisis in the face of neoliberal globalization. Not widely considered is how this crisis relates to temporary labour migration and the global South-North relationship and, in turn, how this relationship may impact emergent approaches tasked with transforming or transcending the field. Critical interventions seeking to confront the “southern question” within the socio-legal imaginary have gone largely unnoticed by labour law scholars. Transnational labour law may hold potential for an alternative account of the racialized production of unfree migrant labour. But only if its adherents can truly confront the dynamic unfolding through temporary labour migration—that of the “South of the North.”
Travail non libre et rapports sociaux de sexe – À propos des programmes canadiens d’immigration temporaire
Authors: Galerand Elsa , Gallié Martin 
Published: September 2018

RésuméL’analyse proposée ici défend la nécessité d’opérer un déplacement vis-à-vis des termes qui semblent dominer pour l’heure la réflexion sur les nouvelles formes d’esclavage ou de servitude pour y intégrer pleinement les rapports sociaux de sexe en tant que rapports sociaux de production et d’exploitation. Dans cette perspective, à partir de deux études sur le terrain réalisées auprès des travailleuses domestiques et des travailleurs agricoles soumis aux programmes canadiens d’immigration, il s’agit de chercher à voir comment les rapports de travail qui sont rassemblés sous les concepts « d’esclavage moderne » et de « travail non libre » produisent non seulement une classe de travailleurs exclue du salariat canonique, mais aussi et simultanément une main-d’œuvre racisée, intrinsèquement sexuée : des « non-ressortissants » qui sont aussi des hommes et des femmes dont les corps sont différemment mis au travail, exploités et marqués.
Climate change and beef supply chain in Southern Brazil
Authors: Pereira P. R. R. X. , Hasenack H. , Pereira G. R. , Dewes H. , Canellas L. C. , Oliveira T. E. , Barcellos J. O. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe current study evaluated the uncertainty of beef cattle supply for slaughter due to the variable climate of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The data included the numbers of cattle slaughtered, local live cattle prices, price and amount of exported beef, and the prices of the Brazilian beef futures market. Data were collected on the beef supply from January 1997 to March 2014. Climate data included El Niño (EN), La Niña (LN), South Atlantic Sub-tropical Dipole (SASD), Negative and Positive Atlantic Dipole (−AD and +AD), Tropical South and North Atlantic indices. Statistical analysis was performed by a multivariate regression of time series. It was observed that EN and SASD climatic variables increased the numbers of beef cattle slaughtered, with a 1 and 4-month lag, respectively. On the other hand, LN and -AD decreased the number of animals slaughtered, with 4 and 0 months’ lag, respectively, meaning that there was an immediate response to −AD, while there was a 4-month delay for LN. The amount of exported beef and live beef cattle prices were explained by the number of animals slaughtered in the state. Data suggested that the beef cattle market in RS was more strongly influenced by the occurrence of climate phenomena with LN and −AD than by economic variables such as the price paid to the producer for beef and the amount exported. The climate changes evaluated in the current study affect the livestock production system and consequently the beef market industry in Southern Brazil.
The Interwar Period as a Machine Age: Mechanics, the Machine, Mechanisms, and the Market in Discourse
Authors: Staley Richard 
Published: September 2018

ArgumentThis paper examines some of the ways that machines, mechanisms, and the new mechanics were treated in post-World War I discourse. Spengler's 1919Decline of the Westand Hessen's 1931 study of Newton have usually been tied closely to Weimar culture in Germany, and Soviet politics. Linking them also to the writings of Rathenau, Simmel, Chase, Mumford, Hayek, and others, as well as to Dada and film studies of the city will indicate central features of a wide-ranging, international discourse on the machine and mechanization. I argue that machines were so thoroughly integrated into social and economic experience that we can treat this as a distinctive new phase in the cultural history of mechanics, what some contemporaries called the “machine age”: a period in which rather than the hand mill or steam engine, the city stands as an appropriate realization (and sometimes symbol) of the significance but also ambiguities and tensions of mechanical life; and concepts of mechanization were extended to encompass the economy and market mechanisms.
The Shaping of Interwar Physics by Technology: The Case of Piezoelectricity
Authors: Katzir Shaul 
Published: September 2018

ArgumentConcentrating on the important developments of quantum physics, historians have overlooked other significant forces that shaped interwar physics, like that of technology. Based on the case of piezoelectricity, I argue that interests of users of technics (i.e. devices of methods) channeled research in physics into particular fields and questions relevant for industrial companies and governmental agencies. To recognize the effects of such social forces on physics, one needs to study the content of the scientific activity (both experimental and theoretical) of the researchers within its social and disciplinary contexts. By examining paths of individual scientists along with a study of the research in the field as a whole this paper exposes a range of reasons that led researchers to studies pertinent to technics. In particular, it shows that commercial, social, and military powers shaped interwar research through institutions aimed at fostering technology, some of them newly founded, and by a general view that academic research should help technology, a position that became more common at the time.
Turbulence Research in the 1920s and 1930s between Mathematics, Physics, and Engineering
Authors: Eckert Michael 
Published: September 2018

ArgumentDuring the interwar period research on turbulence met with interest from different areas: in aeronautical engineering turbulence became a subject of experimental study in wind tunnels; in naval architecture and hydraulic engineering turbulence research was on the agenda because of its role for skin friction; applied mathematicians and theoretical physicists struggled with the problem to determine the onset of turbulence from the fundamental hydrodynamic equations; experimental physicists developed techniques to measure the velocity fluctuations of turbulent flows. In this paper I describe the rise of turbulence in the 1920s and 1930s as a research field under the label of applied mechanics. Although the focus is on Germany, the international development of this research field is illuminated by the role which Ludwig Prandtl played as its acknowledged “chief” (G. I. Taylor). I argue that the multifaceted character of this research field calls for an epistemology and historiography which intrinsically takes the interaction of science and engineering into account.
On the weak forms of the 2-part of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
Authors: ZHAI SHUAI 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the weak forms of the 2-part of the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer, and prove a lower bound for the 2-adic valuation of the algebraic part of the central value of the complexL-series for the family of quadratic twists of all optimal elliptic curves over${\mathbb Q}$.
Adaptation transculturelle en français du Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale : un questionnaire pour évaluer les difficultés à s’alimenter de personnes âgées présentant des troubles cognitifs en centre d’hébergement
Authors: Côté Claudia , Gagnon Cynthia , Payette Hélène 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale was designed to identify feeding difficulties for people with moderate to severe dementia. Its Canadian-French cross-cultural adaptation was carried out, as part of an experimental study, whose secondary objective was to document its construct validity. A back-translation method was followed. The EdFED-f was used during a meal with 26 elderly residents who had cognitive disorders. There was a significant correlation between EdFED-f scores and energy intakes calculated using a visual estimation of plate wash method (r=-0,50, p=0,009). EdFED-f scores also showed a significant difference according to the percentage of food consumed at meals (p=0,015). These results support the validity of the EdFED-f to assess feeding difficulties among elderly French-speaking Canadians living in residential and long-term care centers.
Time-domain analysis of compact dual band-notched slot antenna in indoor environments
Authors: Emadian Seyed Ramin , Ahmadi-Shokouh Javad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFrequency- and time-domain characteristics as well as indoor propagation channel impulse response of a compact dual band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) slot antenna are investigated in this paper. The antenna consists of a narrow rectangular radiation patch and a rectangular wide slot in the modified ground plane. A pair of L-shaped stubs are connected to the radiation patch to obtain band-notched property in WLAN band and a narrow straight stub is placed on the back side of the substrate to create band-notched characteristics in X-band downlink satellite communication system. Moreover, two small parasitic strips are added to the radiation patch to enhance the bandwidth (BW) of the antenna up to 14 GHz. A comprehensive study on time-domain and indoor propagation channel characteristics of the proposed antenna is also presented throughout the paper. A ray-tracing approach based on geometrical optics is applied to analyze the indoor channel characteristics. The designed antenna not only has a wide BW and compact size but also has appropriate radiation and time-domain characteristics over the antenna operating BW. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. These advantages make the proposed antenna as a desirable option for UWB impulse radio applications.
Global Distribution of ULF Waves During Magnetic Storms: Comparison of Arase, Ground Observations, and BATSRUS + CRCM Simulation
Authors: Takahashi Naoko , Seki Kanako , Teramoto Mariko , Fok Mei‐Ching , Zheng Yihua , Matsuoka Ayako , Higashio Nana , Shiokawa Kazuo , Baishev Dmitry , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Nagatsuma Tsutomu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractsDuring 26–29 March 2017 magnetic storm, the Arase satellite observed typical ultra low frequency (ULF) waves and acceleration of relativistic electrons. We simulate the global distribution of these ULF waves using CRCM with BATSRUS global magnetospheric magnetohydrodynamic model. The simulation can qualitatively reproduce the ULF waves observed by Arase at frequencies of 2–3 mHz. However, the simulated ULF wave power is 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than the observation. The simulated ULF wave activity has a good correlation with the solar‐wind dynamic pressure variation, while the wave activity on the ground is enhanced even during the recovery phase, possibly due to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability and/or substorms. We also study the 3–6 April 2017 magnetic storm, in which low ULF wave activity and weak acceleration of relativistic electrons are seen. We suggest that the existence of ULF waves plays an important role in accelerating electrons up to relativistic energies.
Integrin α5β1-Ang1/Tie2 receptor cross-talk regulates brain endothelial cell responses following cerebral ischemia
Authors: Pang Defang , Wang Lu , Dong Jing , Lai Xiaoyin , Huang Qijuan , Milner Richard , Li Longxuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that in response to cerebral ischemia (CI), the growth factor angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and α5β1 integrin are both induced in cerebral vessels, which likely provide positive signals driving the endogenous angiogenic response and vascular protection after CI. However, the precise relationship between endothelial Ang1 and α5β1 integrin after CI remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of the interaction between the Ang1/Tie2 system and α5β1 integrin on brain endothelial cells (BECs) under cerebral ischemic conditions in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that integrin α5β1 co-localized with Tie2/phosphorylated Tie2 on cerebral vessels in the penumbra. The in vitro study showed that oxygen–glucose deprivation/restoration (OGD/R) induced the expression of the Ang1 receptor Tie2 on BECs in a manner similar to that for integrin α5 and Ang1 in response to OGD/R, accompanied by increased activation of Tie2 and its downstream effectors focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt. Knockdown of α5 integrin markedly suppressed OGD/R-induced Tie2 receptor activation in BECs, while in contrast, priming BECs with Ang1 promoted the expression of α5 integrin as well as the Tie2 downstream transcription factor Ets-1 in OGD-treated BECs. In line with this, Ets-1 knockdown significantly attenuated Ang1-mediated upregulation of α5 integrin. Functionally, Ang1 induced cell migration and tube formation of BECs after OGD, but this effect was inhibited by diminishment of the levels of α5 integrin in BECs. Taken together, our data indicate that the Ang1/Tie2 system cross-talks with integrin α5β1 in BECs after CI, which may contribute to the endogenous angiogenic vascular protective response following CI.
GWAS for Interleukin-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid identifies IL37 variants in periodontal inflammation
Authors: Offenbacher Steven , Jiao Yizu , Kim Steven J. , Marchesan Julie , Moss Kevin L. , Jing Li , Divaris Kimon , Bencharit Sompop , Agler Cary S. , Morelli Thiago , Zhang Shaoping , Sun Lu , Seaman William T. , Cowley Dale , Barros Silvana P. , Beck James D. , Munz Matthias , Schaefer Arne S. , North Kari E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is no agnostic GWAS evidence for the genetic control of IL-1β expression in periodontal disease. Here we report a GWAS for “high” gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β expression among 4910 European-American adults and identify association signals in the IL37 locus. rs3811046 at this locus (p = 3.3 × 10−22) is associated with severe chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.12–2.00), 10-year incident tooth loss (≥3 teeth: RR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.09–1.62) and aggressive periodontitis (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.26) in an independent sample of 4927 German/Dutch adults. The minor allele at rs3811046 is associated with increased expression of IL-1β in periodontal tissue. In RAW macrophages, PBMCs and transgenic mice, the IL37 variant increases expression of IL-1β and IL-6, inducing more severe periodontal disease, while IL-37 protein production is impaired and shows reduced cleavage by caspase-1. A second variant in the IL37 locus (rs2708943, p = 4.2 × 10−7) associates with attenuated IL37 mRNA expression. Overall, we demonstrate that IL37 variants modulate the inflammatory cascade in periodontal disease.
Glutamic acid is a carrier for hydrazine during the biosyntheses of fosfazinomycin and kinamycin
Authors: Wang Kwo-Kwang A. , Ng Tai L. , Wang Peng , Huang Zedu , Balskus Emily P. , van der Donk Wilfred A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFosfazinomycin and kinamycin are natural products that contain nitrogen–nitrogen (N–N) bonds but that are otherwise structurally unrelated. Despite their considerable structural differences, their biosynthetic gene clusters share a set of genes predicted to facilitate N–N bond formation. In this study, we show that for both compounds, one of the nitrogen atoms in the N–N bond originates from nitrous acid. Furthermore, we show that for both compounds, an acetylhydrazine biosynthetic synthon is generated first and then funneled via a glutamyl carrier into the respective biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, unlike other pathways to N–N bond-containing natural products wherein the N–N bond is formed directly on a biosynthetic intermediate, during the biosyntheses of fosfazinomycin, kinamycin, and related compounds, the N–N bond is made in an independent pathway that forms a branch of a convergent route to structurally complex natural products.
Mutant FUS causes DNA ligation defects to inhibit oxidative damage repair in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Wang Haibo , Guo Wenting , Mitra Joy , Hegde Pavana M. , Vandoorne Tijs , Eckelmann Bradley J. , Mitra Sankar , Tomkinson Alan E. , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Hegde Muralidhar L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGenome damage and defective repair are etiologically linked to neurodegeneration. However, the specific mechanisms involved remain enigmatic. Here, we identify defects in DNA nick ligation and oxidative damage repair in a subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. These defects are caused by mutations in the RNA/DNA-binding protein FUS. In healthy neurons, FUS protects the genome by facilitating PARP1-dependent recruitment of XRCC1/DNA Ligase IIIα (LigIII) to oxidized genome sites and activating LigIII via direct interaction. We discover that loss of nuclear FUS caused DNA nick ligation defects in motor neurons due to reduced recruitment of XRCC1/LigIII to DNA strand breaks. Moreover, DNA ligation defects in ALS patient-derived iPSC lines carrying FUS mutations and in motor neurons generated therefrom are rescued by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated correction of mutation. Our findings uncovered a pathway of defective DNA ligation in FUS-linked ALS and suggest that LigIII-targeted therapies may prevent or slow down disease progression.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of Amides to Imides by Manganese Oxides
Authors: Biswas Sourav , Khanna Harshul S. , Nizami Quddus A. , Caldwell Donald R. , Cavanaugh Katherine T. , Howell Amy R. , Raman Sumathy , Suib Steven L. , Nandi Partha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein, we report a one-step peroxide mediated heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of amides to imides utilizing a series of manganese oxides. Among them, Cs/Mn2O3 was found to be the most active catalyst for the selective partial oxidation of N-benzylbenzamide to diphenyl imide. We have been able to apply an optimized oxidation method to other aromatic substrates. The feasibility of using air as an oxidant, the heterogeneous nature, inexpensive catalytic materials, respectable turnover numbers, and chemoselectivity to imides make this methodology an attractive choice for functional group transformations of amides to imides.
Surface structures with unconventional patterns and shapes generated by femtosecond structured light fields
Authors: JJ Nivas Jijil , Allahyari Elaheh , Cardano Filippo , Rubano Andrea , Fittipaldi Rosalba , Vecchione Antonio , Paparo Domenico , Marrucci Lorenzo , Bruzzese Riccardo , Amoruso Salvatore 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present an investigation on ultrashort laser surface structuring with structured light fields generated by various q-plates. In particular, q-plates with topological charges q = 1, 3/2, 2, 5/2 are used to generate femtosecond (fs) vector vortex beams, and form complex periodic surface structures through multi-pulse ablation of a solid crystalline silicon target. We show how optical retardation tuning of the q-plate offers a feasible way to vary the fluence transverse distribution of the beam, thus allowing the production of structures with peculiar shapes, which depend on the value of q. The features of the generated surface structures are compared with the vector vortex beam characteristics at the focal plane, by rationalizing their relationship with the local state of the laser light. Our experimental findings demonstrate how irradiation with fs complex light beams can offer a valuable route to design unconventional surface structures.
Visualisation and analysis of hepatitis C virus non-structural proteins using super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Bartlett Christopher , Curd Alistair , Peckham Michelle , Harris Mark 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication occurs in the cytosol of infected cells within a specialised membranous compartment. How the viral non-structural (NS) proteins are associated and organised within these structures remains poorly defined. We employed a super-resolution microscopy approach to visualise NS3 and NS5A in HCV infected cells. Using single molecule localisation microscopy, both NS proteins were resolved as clusters of localisations smaller than the diffraction-limited volume observed by wide-field. Analysis of the protein clusters identified a significant difference in size between the NS proteins. We also observed a reduction in NS5A cluster size following inhibition of RNA replication using daclatasvir, a phenotype which was maintained in the presence of the Y93H resistance associated substitution and not observed for NS3 clusters. These results provide insight into the NS protein organisation within hepatitis C virus RNA replication complexes and the mode of action of NS5A inhibitors.