bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdependent Sequence Selectivity and Diastereoselectivity in the Alkylation of DNA by Decarbamoylmitomycin C
Authors: Aguilar William , Paz Manuel M. , Vargas Anayatzinc , Zheng Maggie , Cheng Shu‐Yuan , Champeil Elise 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMitomycin C (MC), an antitumor drug, and decarbamoylmitomycin C (DMC), a derivative of MC, alkylate DNA and form deoxyguanosine monoadducts and interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Interestingly, in mammalian culture cells, MC forms primarily deoxyguanosine adducts with a 1“‐R stereochemistry at the guanine–mitosene bond (1”‐α) whereas DMC forms mainly adducts with a 1“‐S stereochemistry (1”‐β). The molecular basis for the stereochemical configuration exhibited by DMC has been investigated using biomimetic synthesis. Here, we present the results of our studies on the monoalkylation of DNA by DMC. We show that the formation of 1“‐β‐deoxyguanosine adducts requires bifunctional reductive activation of DMC, and that monofunctional activation only produces 1”‐α‐adducts. The stereochemistry of the deoxyguanosine adducts formed is also dependent on the regioselectivity of DNA alkylation and on the overall DNA CG content. Additionally, we found that temperature plays a determinant role in the regioselectivity of duplex DNA alkylation by mitomycins: At 0 °C, both deoxyadenosine (dA) and deoxyguanosine (dG) alkylation occur whereas at 37 °C, mitomycins alkylate dG preferentially. The new reaction protocols developed in our laboratory to investigate DMC‐DNA alkylation raise the possibility that oligonucleotides containing DMC 1“‐β‐deoxyguanosine adducts at a specific site may be synthesized by a biomimetic approach.
Stereodivergent Alkyne Reduction by using Water as the Hydrogen Source
Authors: Rao Santhosh , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA homogeneous Pd‐catalyzed stereodivergent reduction of alkynes to Z and E alkenes by using H2O as the H2 source is presented. Mediated by a diboron reagent, the transfer hydrogenation has been accomplished to yield the desired geometrical isomer by rational ligand selection. The switchable stereoselectivity achieved using simple phosphine ligands is generally excellent. D2O has also been used as a D2 source for synthesizing the corresponding deuterated olefins. Supported by a gram‐scale synthesis, the reaction can easily be scaled up making it an efficient way to prepare alkenes commercially as well. Mechanistic studies suggest formation of H−PdL2−OAc as the crucial step leading to the presence of two pathways involving H−Pd−B(OR)2 and molecular H2 as active intermediates.
Energy‐efficient task scheduling on heterogeneous computing systems by linear programming
Authors: Zhang Yujian , Wang Yun , Tang Xueyan , Yuan Xin , Xu Yifan 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe continually increasing energy consumption represents a critical issue in modern heterogeneous computing systems. With the aid of dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS), task scheduling is considered an effective software‐based technique for reducing the total energy consumption and minimizing the overall schedule length (makespan). A natural solution is to reclaim the slack time in a given time‐efficient schedule, which is also referred to as a “two‐pass” method or a “rescheduling” method. A number of studies have focused on slack reclamation to achieve energy reductions through heuristics; although, these methods offer suboptimal solutions. In this article, the rescheduling optimization problem is formulated as a linear program for minimizing an energy objective function subject to precedence and deadline constraints implied in the given schedule. Two types of decision variables, ie, frequency duty factors and task intervals, are defined to set up the linear model. Consequently, an optimal solution to the problem can be provided in a straightforward manner by a linear programming solver, which suggests that such a rescheduling problem belongs to the P (polynomial time) class. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach and demonstrate that the performance is superior to that of other competitive algorithms in terms of both energy saving and runtime efficiency.
Effect of sodium fluoride pretreatment on the efficacy of an in‐office bleaching agent: An in vitro study
Authors: Kyaw Khin Yupar , Otsuki Masayuki , Segarra Michelle Sunico , Tagami Junji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis in vitro study evaluated the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the bleaching efficacy using an artificial discolored bovine tooth model. Twenty specimens were prepared from bovine teeth by staining with black tea extract and were divided into two groups (n = 10). In control group, specimens were immersed in distilled water for 30 min. In NaF group, specimens were applied with 0.2% NaF for 30 min. Then, the specimens in each group were bleached by an in‐office bleaching material (Shofu Hi‐Lite, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan). The CIE L*a*b* values were measured by a dental colorimeter before and after 10 consecutive bleaching treatments, and the color difference (ΔE) was calculated. Brightness and color difference (ΔE) increased in both groups per bleaching cycle. There were no statistical differences in ΔE values between both groups (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the application of NaF before bleaching did not interfere with the bleaching effect.
Tracking neural crest cell cycle progression in vivo
Authors: Rajan Sriivatsan G. , Gallik Kristin L. , Monaghan James R. , Uribe Rosa A. , Bronner Marianne E. , Saxena Ankur 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnalysis of cell cycle entry/exit and progression can provide fundamental insights into stem cell propagation, maintenance, and differentiation. The neural crest is a unique stem cell population in vertebrate embryos that undergoes long‐distance collective migration and differentiation into a wide variety of derivatives. Using traditional techniques such as immunohistochemistry to track cell cycle changes in such a dynamic population is challenging, as static time points provide an incomplete spatiotemporal picture. In contrast, the fluorescent, ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) system provides in vivo readouts of cell cycle progression and has been previously adapted for use in zebrafish. The most commonly used Fucci systems are ubiquitously expressed, making tracking of a specific cell population challenging. Therefore, we generated a transgenic zebrafish line, Tg(‐4.9sox10:mAG‐gmnn(1/100)‐2A‐mCherry‐cdt1(1/190)), in which the Fucci system is specifically expressed in delaminating and migrating neural crest cells. Here, we demonstrate validation of this new tool and its use in live high‐resolution tracking of cell cycle progression in the neural crest and derivative populations.
A facile Solvent/Nonsolvent Preparation of Sintering‐Resistant MgO/CaO Composites for High‐Temperature CO2 Capture
Authors: Huang Liang , Zheng Qianwen , Louis Benoit , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor CaO‐based high‐temperature CO2 sorbents, excellent cyclic stability is highly desired for its practical applications. Among all techniques, preparation of CaO‐based composites is one of the most widely accepted strategies, and the mixing status between CaO and the inert supporting material is crucial for its anti‐sintering property. This work provides a new strategy for preparing nanometrically dispersed MgO/CaO composites with significantly improved cyclic stability. The so called solvent/nonsolvent synthesis method can endow a simultaneous solidification of Ca and Mg and result in a nano‐meter level mixing of CaO and MgO. The optimized sorbent Mg/Ca‐0.2 retained 95.3 % (13.45 mmol g−1) of its initial capacity after 7 cycles, while the control CaAc2−CaO only retained 52.9 % (8.67 mmol g−1) of its initial capacity. The addition of MgO also increase the CO2 sorption and desorption kinetics after several cycles. We believe that this new and facile solvent/nonsolvent synthesis method is also promising for the preparation of other highly mixed metal oxides.
Neural specialization of phonological and semantic processing in young children
Authors: Weiss Yael , Cweigenberg Hannah G. , Booth James R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to examine early specialization of brain regions for phonological and semantic processing of spoken language in young children. Thirty‐five typically developing children aged from 5 to 6 years performed auditory phonological (same sound judgment) and semantic (related meaning judgment) word‐level tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined specialization within the language network, by conducting three levels of analysis. First, we directly compared activation between tasks and found a greater sound judgment as compared to meaning judgment activation in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) and supramarginal gyrus. In contrast, greater meaning judgment as compared to sound judgment task activation was found in left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). Second, we examined the brain‐behavior correlations and found that phonological skill was correlated with the task difference in activation in left superior temporal sulcus, whereas semantic skill was correlated with the task difference in activation in left MTG. Third, we compared between two experimental conditions within each task and found a parametric effect in left STG for the sound judgment task, and a parametric effect in left MTG for the meaning judgment task. The results of this study indicate that, by the age of 5–6 years, typically developing children already show some specialization of temporo‐parietal brain regions for phonological and semantic processes. However, there were no task differences in the left inferior frontal gyrus suggesting that the frontal cortex may not yet be specialized in this age range, which is consistent with the delayed maturation of the frontal cortex.
Panobinostat in combination with rituximab in heavily pretreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Results of a phase II study
Authors: Barnes Jeffrey A. , Redd Robert , Fisher David C. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Takvorian Tak , Neuberg Donna , Jacobsen Eric , Abramson Jeremy S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis is a phase II study of panobinostat, an oral pan‐HDAC inhibitor, combined with rituximab in patients with relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Panobinostat was administered orally 3 times a week every other week on a 28‐day cycle. Rituximab was administered weekly during the first cycle, then on Day 1 of cycles 2 to 6. Patients without disease progression after 6 cycles continued panobinostat monotherapy for up to 6 additional cycles in the absence of disease progression. Eighteen eligible subjects were enrolled, and 18 were evaluable for response. The overall response rate was 11% (90% CI [2%‐34%]) with 2 subjects having a partial response. The duration of response in these subjects was 51 and 60 days. Five additional subjects had stable disease with 3 subjects having tumor reduction between 27 and 44%, not meeting criteria for partial response. One subject with stable disease remained on therapy a total of 12 cycles. The most common toxicities while on study were thrombocytopenia (14 patients, 78%); fatigue (11, 61%); anemia (10, 56%); diarrhea (8, 44%); and nausea, lymphopenia, anorexia, and hypophosphatemia (5 each, 28% of patients), the majority of which was grade 2 or less. These data indicate that the combination of panobinostat with rituximab is able to induce responses in a limited number of subjects with relapsed diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
Weight stigmatisation in antiobesity campaigns: The role of images
Authors: Johnstone Georgina , Grant Sharon L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIssue addressedAntiobesity campaigns may inadvertently stigmatise individuals with obesity via the use of images that portray negative obesity stereotypes. This study investigated the impact of images on weight stigma using mock antiobesity campaigns featuring different types of images.MethodsParticipants (N = 240) were randomly assigned to one of four campaign conditions: stereotypical images, counter‐stereotypical images, neutral images, or no images. All four conditions used the same nonstigmatising message text. Participants indicated their attitudes towards being in social situations (desired social distance) with the target featured in the images, or individuals with obesity (no images), rated the target or individuals with obesity on various traits, and indicated to what extent the campaign was motivating and stigmatising.ResultsAnalysis of variance revealed that the stereotypical images were rated as the most stigmatising and were also associated with higher negative and lower positive trait ratings of the target and more desired social distance from the target. Neutral images generally produced the least weight stigma.ConclusionIt is important to consider the impact of antiobesity campaign images that depict common obesity stereotypes. Developing, testing and disseminating nonstigmatising campaigns is important to reduce stigma and better engage individuals with antiobesity public health messages.So what?Weight stigma has negative consequences for physical and psychological health, which may undermine obesity intervention efforts. Stereotypical images that blame individuals for their weight reinforce obesity stigma and are likely to be in‐effective in increasing healthier behaviour and reducing obesity. The development of effective antiobesity campaigns should be a public health priority.
Stormwater capture and antecedent moisture characteristics of permeable pavements
Authors: Guo Rui , Guo Yiping , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn approach based on individual rainfall events is introduced to mathematically describe the hydrologic responses and estimate the stormwater capture efficiencies of permeable pavement systems (PPSs). A stochastic model describing the instantaneous dynamic water balance of a PPS is established, from which the probability distribution of the antecedent moisture content of the PPS at the beginning of a rainfall event is analytically derived. Based on this probability distribution and the event‐based approach, an analytical equation that can be used for estimating the stormwater capture efficiencies of PPSs is also derived. The derived analytical equation is verified by comparing its results with those from continuous simulations for a wide range of PPSs with different sizes and underlying soils and operating under various climate conditions. It was found that the antecedent moisture contents of PPSs at the test locations are usually fairly close to zero, suggesting that PPSs at these locations are always almost empty at the start of a rainfall event. The derived analytical equation accounts for many key processes influencing the behaviour and operation of PPSs; it may serve as an easy‐to‐use tool that is essential for the planning and design of PPSs.
Children's trust in print: What is the impact of late exposure to reading instruction?
Authors: Einav Shiri , Rydland Veslemøy , Grøver Vibeke , Robinson Elizabeth J. , Harris Paul L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrior research in England has indicated that, unlike prereaders, young children who have learned to decode simple words view print‐based information as a more authoritative source of knowledge than purely oral information. We predicted that children in Norway—who start to receive formal reading instruction at a relatively late age—would be slower to display this bias toward print‐based information. Accordingly, we tested 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds (N = 96) in Norway. As expected, these children showed a delayed emergence of the bias toward print over speech. Unexpectedly, however, children who had successfully gained a basic reading ability prior to any exposure to formal reading instruction in school were no more trusting of print than were their prereading peers. These results suggest that the ability to decode simple words is an important condition for selective trust in print‐based information but that exposure to formal reading instruction in school may also be necessary.Highlights

Is there a link between formal reading instruction and young children's bias to trust print over oral information?
A study in Norway, where formal reading instruction is delayed, confirmed later emergence of trust in print compared to previous findings in the UK.
Formal reading instruction may play a role in the emergence of children's selective trust in print-based information.
Gray codes extending quadratic matchings
Authors: Dvořák Tomáš , Fink Jiří 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIs it true that every matching in the n‐dimensional hypercube can be extended to a Gray code? More than two decades have passed since Ruskey and Savage asked this question and the problem still remains open. A solution is known only in some special cases, including perfect matchings or matchings of linear size. This article shows that the answer to the Ruskey–Savage problem is affirmative for every matching of size at most . The proof is based on an inductive construction that extends balanced matchings in the completion of the hypercube by edges of into a Hamilton cycle of . On the other hand, we show that for every there is a balanced matching in of size that cannot be extended in this way.
Treatment Outcomes for Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Response Trajectories by Symptom Cluster
Authors: Phelps Andrea J. , Steele Zachary , Cowlishaw Sean , Metcalf Olivia , Alkemade Nathan , Elliott Peter , O'Donnell Meaghan , Redston Suzy , Kerr Katelyn , Howard Alexandra , Nursey Jane , Cooper John , Armstrong Renee , Fitzgerald Lea , Forbes David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough effective posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments are available, outcomes for veterans with PTSD are relatively modest. Previous researchers have identified subgroups of veterans with different response trajectories but have not investigated whether PTSD symptom clusters (based on a four‐factor model) have different patterns of response to treatment. The importance of this lies in the potential to increase treatment focus on less responsive symptoms. We investigated treatment outcomes by symptom cluster for 2,685 Australian veterans with PTSD. We used Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist scores obtained at treatment intake, posttreatment, and 3‐ and 9‐month follow‐ups to define change across symptom clusters. Repeated measures effect sizes indicated that arousal and numbing symptoms exhibited the largest changes between intake and posttreatment, dRM = −0.61 and dRM = −0.52, respectively, whereas avoidance and intrusion symptoms showed more modest reductions, dRM = −0.36 and dRM = −0.30, respectively. However, unlike the other symptom clusters, the intrusions cluster continued to show significant changes between posttreatment and 3‐month follow‐up, dRM = −0.21. Intrusion and arousal symptoms also showed continued changes between 3‐ and 9‐month follow‐ups although these effects were very small, dRM = −0.09. Growth curve model analyses produced consistent findings and indicated modest initial changes in intrusion symptoms that continued posttreatment. These findings may reflect the longer time required for emotional processing, relative to behavioral changes in avoidance, numbing, and arousal, during the program; they also reinforce the importance of prioritizing individual trauma‐focused therapy directly targeting intrusions as the core component of programmatic treatment.
Cardiovascular Benefits of Phenol‐Enriched Virgin Olive Oils: New Insights from the Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality (VOHF) Study
Authors: Pedret Anna , Fernández‐Castillejo Sara , Valls Rosa‐Maria , Catalán Úrsula , Rubió Laura , Romeu Marta , Macià Alba , López de las Hazas Maria Carmen , Farràs Marta , Giralt Montse , Mosele Juana I. , Martín‐Peláez Sandra , Remaley Alan T. , Covas Maria‐Isabel , Fitó Montse , Motilva Maria‐José , Solà Rosa 
Published: June 2018

ScopeThe main findings of the “Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality” (VOHF) study and other related studies on the effect of phenol‐enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) supplementation on cardiovascular disease are integrated in the present work.Methods and resultsVOHF assessed whether VOOs, enriched with their own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or with those from thyme (FVOOT), improve quantity and functionality of HDL. In this randomized, double‐blind, crossover, and controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects received a control VOO (80 mg kg−1), FVOO (500 mg kg−1), and FVOOT (500 mg kg−1; 1:1) for 3 weeks. Both functional VOOs promoted cardioprotective changes, modulating HDL proteome, increasing fat‐soluble antioxidants, improving HDL subclasses distribution, reducing the lipoprotein insulin resistance index, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, protecting DNA from oxidation, ameliorating endothelial function, and increasing fecal microbial metabolic activity. Additional cardioprotective benefits were observed according to phenol source and content in the phenol‐enriched VOOs. These insights support the beneficial effects of OO and PC from different sources.ConclusionNovel therapeutic strategies should increase HDL‐cholesterol levels and enhance HDL functionality. The tailoring of phenol‐enriched VOOs is an interesting and useful strategy for enhancing the functional quality of HDL, and thus, it can be used as a complementary tool for the management of hypercholesterolemic individuals.
New continuous strain‐based description of concrete's damage‐permeability coupling
Authors: Bouhjiti D. E.‐M. , Ezzedine El Dandachy M. , Dufour F. , Dal Pont S. , Briffaut M. , Baroth J. , Masson B. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis contribution aims at improving the finite element modelling of concrete's damage‐permeability coupling using continuous and elastic‐based damage approaches. With this aim in view, a review of existing local and nonlocal damage formulations is performed showing how they differ in terms of damage estimation, crack propagation, and spatial discretization restrictions (when the energy‐based Hillerborg criterion is applied). Another critical review of damage‐based permeability laws is achieved to pinpoint their limitations. Indeed, the use of a bounded and strictly increasing damage variable does not allow (1) an accurate description of permeability in the presence of macrocracks that are physically unbounded and (2) a proper description of the permeability decrease as those macrocracks are closed. Accordingly, a new strain‐based permeability law is suggested. Its analytical validation is based on the BIPEDE tensile test for one loading‐unloading cycle. This new formulation intends to enhance the predictiveness of damage‐permeability coupling models leading to a better assessment of large structure's durability and serviceability.
Factors associated with depressive symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Doi Mana , Fukahori Hiroki , Oyama Yumiko , Morita Kumiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo identify the association between possible factors and depression among post‐percutaneous coronary intervention patients with acute coronary syndrome.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSixty‐eight post‐percutaneous coronary intervention patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled between January 2016 ‐ June 2017. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores at 1–3 months after discharge were regressed onto uncertainty in illness and other clinical factors based on the Roy Adaptation Model.ResultsThirty‐six patients were included in the final analysis. Higher baseline depression scores, higher changes in uncertainty in illness and feeling annoyed by troublesome tasks after discharge were associated with higher depressive scores at 1 month after discharge. Careful observation and support of patients’ ineffective responses in self‐concept mode may be effective in preventing depression.