bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Intense Androgen Deprivation Before Prostatectomy: A Randomized Phase II Trial of Enzalutamide and Leuprolide With or Without Abiraterone
Authors: McKay Rana R. , Ye Huihui , Xie Wanling , Lis Rosina , Calagua Carla , Zhang Zhenwei , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Chang Steven L. , Harshman Lauren C. , Ross Ashley E. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Lin Daniel W. , Ellis William J. , Montgomery Bruce , Chang Peter , Wagner Andrew A. , Bubley Glenn J. , Kibel Adam S. , Taplin Mary-Ellen 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer have an increased risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. In this phase II trial, we evaluate neoadjuvant enzalutamide and leuprolide (EL) with or without abiraterone and prednisone (ELAP) before radical prostatectomy (RP) in men with locally advanced prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had a biopsy Gleason score of 4 + 3 = 7 or greater, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) greater than 20 ng/mL, or T3 disease (by prostate magnetic resonance imaging). Lymph nodes were required to be smaller than 20 mm. Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to ELAP or EL for 24 weeks followed by RP. All specimens underwent central pathology review. The primary end point was pathologic complete response or minimal residual disease (residual tumor ≤ 5 mm). Secondary end points were PSA, surgical staging, positive margins, and safety. Biomarkers associated with pathologic outcomes were explored. RESULTS Seventy-five patients were enrolled at four centers. Most patients had high-risk disease by National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria (n = 65; 87%). The pathologic complete response or minimal residual disease rate was 30% (n = 15 of 50) in ELAP-treated patients and 16% (n = four of 25) in EL-treated patients (two-sided P = .263). Rates of ypT3 disease, positive margins, and positive lymph nodes were similar between arms. Treatment was well-tolerated. Residual tumors in the two arms showed comparable levels of ERG, PTEN, androgen receptor PSA, and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Tumor ERG positivity and PTEN loss were associated with more extensive residual tumors at RP. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant hormone therapy followed by RP in locally advanced prostate cancer resulted in favorable pathologic responses in some patients, with a trend toward improved pathologic outcomes with ELAP. Longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate the impact of therapy on recurrence rates. The potential association of ERG and PTEN alterations with worse outcomes warrants additional investigation.
Management of the Neck in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Koyfman Shlomo A. , Ismaila Nofisat , Crook Doug , D'Cruz Anil , Rodriguez Cristina P. , Sher David J. , Silbermins Damian , Sturgis Erich M. , Tsue Terance T. , Weiss Jared , Yom Sue S. , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSEThe aim of the current work is to provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and others on the management of the neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx.METHODSASCO convened an Expert Panel of medical oncology, surgery, radiation oncology, and advocacy experts to conduct a literature search, which included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective and retrospective comparative observational studies published from 1990 through 2018. Outcomes of interest included survival, regional disease control, neck recurrence, and quality of life. Expert Panel members used available evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations.RESULTSThe literature search identified 124 relevant studies to inform the evidence base for this guideline. Six clinical scenarios were devised; three for oral cavity cancer and three for oropharynx cancer, and recommendations were generated for each one.RECOMMENDATIONSFor oral cavity cancers, clinical scenarios focused on the indications for and the hallmarks of a high-quality neck dissection, indications for postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, and whether radiotherapy alone is sufficient elective treatment of an undissected neck compared with high-quality neck dissection. For oropharynx cancers, clinical scenarios focused on hallmarks of a high-quality neck dissection, factors that would favor operative versus nonoperative primary management, and clarifying criteria for an incomplete response to definitive chemoradiation for which salvage neck dissection would be recommended. Consensus was reached and recommendations were made for all six clinical scenarios. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/head-neck-cancer-guidelines .
Merits of Level III Axillary Dissection in Node-Positive Breast Cancer: A Prospective, Single-Institution Study From India
Authors: Joshi Shalaka , Noronha Jarin , Hawaldar Rohini , Kundgulwar Girish , Vanmali Vaibhav , Parmar Vani , Nair Nita , Shet Tanuja , Badwe Rajendra 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE A complete axillary lymph node (ALN) dissection is therapeutic in node-positive breast cancer. Presently, there is no international consensus regarding anatomic levels to be addressed in complete axillary dissection. We assessed the burden of disease in level III axilla. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospectively maintained database was assessed for 1,591 consecutive patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer registered at Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, between January 2009 and December 2014. RESULTS A median of four (zero to 20) level III ALNs were dissected and a median of two (one to 17) nodes were positive. A total of 27.3% (434 of 1,591) patients had level III ALN metastasis, and 4.7% of patients had positive interpectoral nodes. Some 53.2% of patients had level III metastases in the presence of four or more positive level I and II ALNs. A total of 9.4% of patients had level III involvement when one to three ALNs were positive in level I and II ( P < .001). Some 53.2% of patients had level III metastases in the presence of four or more positive level I and II ALNs. On logistic regression analysis, four or more positive ALNs in level I or II ( P < .001), inner/central quadrant tumor location ( P = .013), and perinodal extension ( P < .001) were associated with level III ALN involvement. At a median follow-up of 36 months, the disease-free survival was significantly worse for level III ALN metastases on univariate analysis ( P < .001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, histologic grade ( P = .006), four or more positive ALNs ( P < .001), hormone receptor status ( P < .001), and tumor size ( P = .037) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION The axillary nodal burden is high in patients with breast cancer in developing countries like India. One of two women with four or more positive level I and II ALNs may have residual disease in level III if it is not cleared during surgery. Intraoperative interpectoral space clearance should be considered in the presence of either palpable interpectoral lymph nodes or multiple positive ALNs.
The Making of a Foreign National Language: Language Politics and the Impasse between Assimilationists and Language Nationalists in Colonial Korea
Authors: Pieper Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article examines the process by which Japanese came to be solidified as the national language of instruction in public schools during the first decade of colonial rule (1911–22). First, I analyze Government-General of Korea language policy and the recollections in 1917 by the policy insider Oda Shogō, which reveal a confidence in the efficiency of administration but also a tension between the official discourse on Japanese language nationalization and the perceived proficiency of Korean instructors and students. The March First Movement less than two years later exploded the misconception of a complacent student body and brought to the fore simmering grievances, notably the language of instruction issue in public schools. Through an analysis of the language of instruction debate in the popular press, I demonstrate the rupture that had developed between Japanese officials and the Korean public, an unbridgeable divide due to the impasse between co-educationalists calling for integrated education in Japanese only and “language nationalists” demanding more instruction in Korean. The Second Rescript on Education proclaimed by the Government-General in 1922 thus affirmed the dominant position of Japanese in the curriculum and ensured the continuing vitality of private sŏdang well into the 1920s.
Spatial regulation of the polarity kinase PAR-1 by parallel inhibitory mechanisms
Authors: Folkmann Andrew W. , Seydoux Geraldine 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
The MARK/PAR-1 family of kinases are conserved regulators of cell polarity that share a conserved C-terminal kinase-associated domain (KA1). Localization of MARK/PAR-1 kinases to specific regions of the cell cortex is a hallmark of polarized cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes, PAR-1 localizes to the posterior cortex under the influence of another polarity kinase, aPKC/PKC-3. Here, we report that asymmetric localization of PAR-1 protein is not essential, and that PAR-1 kinase activity is regulated spatially. We find that, as in human MARK1, the PAR-1 KA1 domain is an auto-inhibitory domain that suppresses kinase activity. Auto-inhibition by the KA1 domain functions in parallel with phosphorylation by PKC-3 to suppress PAR-1 activity in the anterior cytoplasm. The KA1 domain also plays an additional role that is essential for germ plasm maintenance and fertility. Our findings suggest that modular regulation of kinase activity by redundant inhibitory inputs contributes to robust symmetry breaking by MARK/PAR-1 kinases in diverse cell types.
Dynamic BAF chromatin remodeling complex subunit inclusion promotes temporally distinct gene expression programs in cardiogenesis
Authors: Hota Swetansu K. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Verschueren Erik , Thomas Reuben , Blotnick Aaron M. , Zhu Yiwen , Sun Xin , Pennacchio Len A. , Krogan Nevan J. , Bruneau Benoit G. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Chromatin remodeling complexes instruct cellular differentiation and lineage specific transcription. The BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complexes are important for several aspects of differentiation. We show that the catalytic subunit gene Brg1 has a specific role in cardiac precursors (CPs) to initiate cardiac gene expression programs and repress non-cardiac expression. Using immunopurification with mass spectrometry, we have determined the dynamic composition of BAF complexes during mammalian cardiac differentiation, identifying several cell-type specific subunits. We focused on the CP- and cardiomyocyte (CM)-enriched subunits BAF60c (SMARCD3) and BAF170 (SMARCC2). Baf60c and Baf170 co-regulate gene expression with Brg1 in CPs, and in CMs their loss results in broadly deregulated cardiac gene expression. BRG1, BAF60c and BAF170 modulate chromatin accessibility, to promote accessibility at activated genes while closing chromatin at repressed genes. BAF60c and BAF170 are required for proper BAF complex composition, and BAF170 loss leads to retention of BRG1 at CP-specific sites. Thus, dynamic interdependent BAF complex subunit assembly modulates chromatin states and thereby participates in directing temporal gene expression programs in cardiogenesis.
Imaging elemental events of store-operated Ca2+ entry in invading cancer cells with plasmalemmal targeted sensors
Authors: Lu Fujian , Sun Jianwei , Zheng Qiaoxia , Li Jinghang , Hu Yuanzhao , Yu Peng , He Huifang , Zhao Yan , Wang Xianhua , Yang Shengyu , Cheng Heping 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
STIM1- and Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) constitutes the major Ca2+ influx in almost all electrically non-excitable cells. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal organization at the elementary level. Here, we developed Orai1-tethered or palmitoylated biosensor GCaMP6f to report subplasmalemmal Ca2+ signals. We visualized spontaneous discrete and long-lasting transients (‘Ca2+ glows’) arising from STIM1-Orai1 in invading melanoma cells. Ca2+ glows occurred preferentially in single invadopodia and at sites near the cell periphery under resting conditions. Re-addition of external Ca2+ after store depletion elicited spatially synchronous Ca2+ glows, followed by high-rate discharge of asynchronous local events. Knockout of STIM1 or expression of the dominant-negative Orai1-E106A mutant markedly decreased Ca2+ glow frequency, diminished global SOCE and attenuated invadopodial formation. Functionally, invadopodial Ca2+ glows provided high Ca2+ microdomains to locally activate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Pyk2 (also known as PTK2B), which initiates the SOCE–Pyk2–Src signaling cascade required for invasion. Overall, the discovery of elemental Ca2+ signals of SOCE not only unveils a previously unappreciated gating mode of STIM1-Orai1 channels in situ, but also underscores a critical role of the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOCE in orchestrating complex cell behaviors such as invasion.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Inhibition of Silicic Acid Elution during the Regeneration of Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin Column
Authors: Chuuman Takaaki , Eguchi Kinnosuke , Akinaga Marina , Kawamoto Daisuke , Horii Shigeki , Yonezu Kotaro , Watanabe Koichiro , Yokoyama Takushi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
To determine why silicic acid elution is often incomplete during regeneration of strong base anion exchange resin columns, an OH− type anion exchange resin (OH− type resin) adsorbing silicic acid was prepared and the desorption (elution) behavior of silicic acid adsorbed to the resin was examined by batch and column experiments. It was first found that silicic acid adsorbed to an OH− type resin polymerizes to form polysilicic acids (Q1, Q2 and Q3 structures) even when a smaller amount of silicic acid than the ion exchange capacity was adsorbed (unsaturated adsorption). Consequently, elution of silicic acid from the OH− type resin column is most likely caused by hydrolytic decomposition of polysilicic acid. Silicic acids with Q0, Q1 and Q2 structures can be easily desorbed from the OH− type resin by immersing them in a 1% NaOH solution for 5 min. On the other hand, silicic acid with the Q3 structure is barely desorbed. In this study, incomplete elution of silicic acid from OH− type resin columns has been found to be caused by polymerization of adsorbed silicic acid and the elution behavior may depend on the polymerization mode.
Effect of p- or n-Type Semiconductor on CO Sensing Performance of Catalytic Combustion-Type CO Gas Sensor with CeO2-ZrO2-ZnO Based Catalyst
Authors: Rodlamul Pattaraphon , Tamura Shinji , Imanaka Nobuhito 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Novel catalytic combustion-type CO gas sensors were successfully devised by applying precious metal-free catalysts composed of the p- or n-type semiconducting Ln2CuO4-loaded CeO2-ZrO2-ZnO (Ln2CuO4/CZZn; Ln = La, Nd, and Sm). Complete CO oxidation using the p-type semiconducting La2CuO4/CZZn catalyst occurred at 350 °C, while the n-type semiconducting Nd2CuO4/CZZn and Sm2CuO4/CZZn catalysts completely oxidized CO gas at 220 °C and 200 °C, respectively. All the fabricated sensors exhibited quantitative detection of CO gas over 250 °C. The La2CuO4/CZZn catalyst has the smallest heat capacity, which dramatically increases the Pt coil temperature compared with the other catalysts, resulting in the highest sensor signal. However, the sensor applying Nd2CuO4/CZZn and Sm2CuO4/CZZn catalysts exhibited faster response time to CO gas than the sensor employing La2CuO4/CZZn catalyst due to their superior CO oxidation activity.
Templated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles on Surface-Aminated 2D Cellulose Assemblies
Authors: Nohara Takatoshi , Sawada Toshiki , Tanaka Hiroshi , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
2D nanomaterials with atomic-/molecular-level thickness are of great interest due to their unique physicochemical and functional properties derived from their planar morphologies. In vitro enzymatic synthesis of cellulose oligomers is an attractive approach for crafting 2D cellulose assemblies with tailored surface functionality. In this study, the templated synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was demonstrated on surface-aminated 2D cellulose assemblies prepared via enzymatic reaction. Gold precursor effectively adsorbed to the surface amino groups and was subsequently reduced for AuNP production via lateral diffusion-based nucleation and subsequent growth processes on the assemblies. The immobilized AuNPs on the assemblies showed high catalytic activities toward a model hydrogenation reaction. The cellulose-based 2D nanomaterials with molecularly designable surface functionality open a new avenue for controlled synthesis and immobilization of inorganic nanoparticles.
Cone beam CT imaging of the mandibular third molar: a position paper prepared by the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR)
Authors: Matzen Louise Hauge , Berkhout Erwin 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Lack of evidence on the use of CBCT for management of mandibular third molars in Radiation Protection guideline no. 172 of the European Commission made the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR) decide to update the recommendations of the guideline. Methods and materials: A literature search was performed addressing the following questions: (1) does CBCT change the treatment of the patient?; (2) does CBCT reduce the number of post-operative sensory disturbances of the inferior alveolar nerve?; and (3) can CBCT predict the risk for a post-operative sensory disturbance of the inferior alveolar nerve? Results: Since the European Commission published the guideline in 2012 several high-evidence studies on the use of CBCT before removal of mandibular third molars have been conducted including five randomized controlled clinical trials and one meta-analysis. Present literature allows to propose recommendations with highest level of evidence. Conclusion: New and up-to-date evidence-based recommendations advocate that CBCT imaging of the mandibular third molar should not be applied as a routine method before removal of mandibular third molars and therefore, CBCT imaging should only be applied when the surgeon has a very specific clinical question in an individual patient case that cannot be answered by conventional (panoramic and/or intraoral) imaging.
Association of hearing loss with depression, anxiety and stress in patients suffering from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Khan Shafaque Mehboob , Rafi Tariq , Ahmed Naveed , Mehjabeen Mehjabeen 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To study the correlation of hearing loss with depression, anxiety and stress in patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis media in local population of Pakistan.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May to September 2018 at tertiary care hospital of Karachi. One hundred and twenty patients of chronic suppurative otitis media were divided into three groups: Group-1 (maintained on ciprofloxacin), Group-2 (maintained on co-amoxicillin) and Group-3 (did not subject to the treatment).The measurement of hearing loss was carried out by pure tone audiometry (PTA) and the depression, anxiety and stress were scored taking depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) as tool. To observe the effect of hearing loss on different groups one way ANOVA was applied and Spearman correlation was used to find correlation of depression with hearing loss.
Results: There was no significant difference found for hearing loss and severity among the groups treated with ciprofloxacin, co-amoxicillin and not maintained on antibiotic therapy. Positive correlations found between hearing loss and depression, anxiety and stress in patients of the three groups.
Conclusion: Depression induced by hearing loss as a result of CSOM in patients need to be monitored during and after treatment and scored so that can be treated by counseling and antidepressant (if required). Information regarding this topic on population of Pakistan will be helpful for health care takers and policy makers to manage mental stress with hearing loss in CSOM.
How to cite this:Mehboob S, Rafi SMT, Ahmed N, Mehjabeen. Association of hearing loss with depression, anxiety and stress in patients suffering from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):510-514. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.152
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hypomagnesaemia and other electrolytes imbalances in open and closed pediatrics cardiac surgery
Authors: Shahidi Mohsen , Bakhshandeh Houman , Rahmani Khaled , Afkhamzadeh Abdorrahim 
Published: February 2019

Objective and Background: During the past decade, many researchers have indicated that open cardiac surgery, using cardiopulmonary bypass, could be an essential factor to induce post-operative electrolyte imbalances which may be followed by life threatening complications such as arrhythmia. Nevertheless, by this time there may be a few researches about comparing of hypomagnesaemia and other electrolyte imbalances between open, on pump, and closed, off pump, heart operation.
Methods: In this cohort study conducted at Rajaie Heart Center in Tehran from December 2014 to August 2015, we evaluated hypomagnesaemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia and hyponatremia in 205 children aged under 15 years who underwent open (101 children) and closed (104 children) cardiac surgery. Repeated measures ANOVA, paired t test and Chi-square/Fisher exact test were used for analysis the data in SPSS version 21.
Results: According to our study the frequency of electrolyte imbalances including hypomagnesaemia after pediatric heart surgery is relatively high (28.7% hypomagnesaemia at the second day) with more occurrence in closed cardiac operations. There was no significant relationship between hypomagnesaemia and pump time duration (P>0.05). On the other hand, this research indicated that there is significant relationship between post-operative hypomagnesaemia and some other variables including cyanotic heart disease (P=0.01) and concurrent electrolyte imbalance such as hypocalcaemia and hypokalemia (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Early evaluation and correction of hypomagnesaemia should be considered after both closed and open heart operation.
How to cite this:Shahidi M, Bakhshandeh H, Rahmani K, Afkhamzadeh A. Hypomagnesaemia and other electrolytes imbalances in open and closed pediatrics cardiac surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):353-359. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.367
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.