bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of chitosan based hydrogels containing cyclodextrin inclusion compounds or nanoemulsions of thyme oil
Authors: Moradi Sara , Barati Abolfazl , Salehi Ehsan , Tonelli Alan E , Hamedi Hamid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHydrogels derived from natural polysaccharides are ideal scaffolds for use in biomedical applications. pH‐sensitive polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan hydrogels containing inclusion compounds of thyme oil (TM) with host methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HβCD) and TM nanoemulsion (TM‐nano) were prepared via controlled, biocompatible and low cost freeze–thaw method. The structure of the hydrogels was characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and optical and scanning electron microscopy. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogels such as gel fraction, swelling ratio and tensile properties were measured. The water vapor transmission rate of the hydrogels indicated that they can maintain a moist environment over the wound bed. Encapsulation and release of antibacterial TM from the hydrogels were determined by UV spectroscopy. In all cases, hydrogels with lower amounts of TM evidenced slower and more controlled release. Different kinetic models were applied for evaluating the drug release mechanism. The antibacterial activity of the samples was studied by counting the number of both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria surviving in a broth medium and the results proved the antibacterial activity of all prepared hydrogels. The results of an MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay indicated more cell viability of TM‐nano hydrogels in comparison with those of TM‐βCD inclusion compounds. Cell attachment observations also showed great biocompatibility of TM‐nano hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels, especially those containing TM‐nano, might be used as potential wound dressings to improve the wound healing process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tailoring MoS2Ultrathin Sheets Anchored on Graphene Flexible Supports for Superstable Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Tian , Xu Zhanwei , Yang Jun , Liu Xinyue , Cheng Yayi , Li Jia , Shen Xuetao , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2D MoS2has a significant capacity decay due to the stack of layers during the charge/discharge process, which has seriously restricted its practical application in lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, a simple preform‐in situ process to fabricate vertically grown MoS2nanosheets with 8–12 layers anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flexible supports is presented. As an anode in MoS2/rGO//Li half‐cell, the MoS2/rGO electrode shows a high initial coulomb efficiency (84.1%) and excellent capacity retention (84.7% after 100 cycles) at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the MoS2/rGO electrode keeps capacity as high as 786 mAh g−1after 1000 cycles with minimum degradation of 54 µAh g−1cycle−1after being further tested at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1. When evaluated in a MoS2/rGO//LiCoO2full‐cell, it delivers an initial charge capacity of 153 mAh g−1at a current density of 100 mA g−1and achieves an energy density of 208 Wh kg−1under the power density of 220 W kg−1.
Real‐Time Operation of Photovoltaic Optoelectronic Tweezers: New Strategies for Massive Nano‐object Manipulation and Reconfigurable Patterning
Authors: Sebastián‐Vicente Carlos , Muñoz‐Cortés Esmeralda , García‐Cabañes Angel , Agulló‐López Fernando , Carrascosa Mercedes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptical and optoelectronic techniques for micro‐ and nano‐object manipulation are becoming essential tools in nano‐ and biotechnology. Among optoelectronic manipulation platforms, photovoltaic optoelectronic tweezers (PVOTs) are an emergent technique that are particularly successful at producing permanent nanoparticle microstructures. New strategies to enhance the capabilities of PVOT, based on real‐time operation, are investigated. This optoelectronic platform uses z‐cut LiNbO3:Fe substrates under excitation by a Gaussian light beam. Unexpected results show that during illumination, metallic particles previously deposited on the substrate are ejected from the light spot region. This behavior differs from the trapping phenomenon observed in previous work on PVOT operation, using a sequential method in which illumination is prior to particle manipulation. To discuss the results, a novel mechanism of charge exchange between particles and the ferroelectric substrate is proposed. Applications of this repulsion behavior are investigated. On the one hand, either particle repulsion or trapping in the illuminated region can be obtained by simply light switching on/off. On the other hand, by moving the light spot, different kinds of arbitrarily shaped tracks along the light path, either empty or filled with particles, are obtained. The results demonstrate new key capabilities of PVOT, such as pattern drawing, erasure, and reconfiguration.
Effect of different size of joint enlargement on seismic behavior of gravity load designed RC beam‐column connections
Authors: Shafaei Jalil , Nezami Seyyed Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEffect of different size of planer joint enlargement as a noninvasive and practical strategy for seismic retrofit of gravity load designed external reinforced concrete beam‐column connections was experimentally investigated. The joint region was enlarged using steel angles that are mounted using prestressed cross‐ties. Reverse cyclic load tests on five half‐scale control and retrofitted external RC beam‐column connections were conducted. Three different size of planer joint enlargement being 180, 140, and 90 mm were considered for retrofitted specimens. The performance of the retrofitted specimens is compared with that of the control gravity load designed beam‐column connections, in terms of load–displacement hysteresis curve, energy dissipation and ductility capacities, and global strength and stiffness degradation behavior. The experimental results showed that increasing the size of planer joint enlargement significantly enhances the seismic capacity of the retrofitted connections, in terms of strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, and ductility capacity and also planer joint enlargement can relocate beam plastic hinges to outside the joint panel.
EUV spectra of europium—Chasing for spectral lines of P‐ to Ar‐like ions
Authors: Träbert Elmar , Beiersdorfer Peter , Brown Gregory V. , Hell Natalie , Clementson Joel H.T. 
Published: August 2019

The understanding of atomic structure implies a combination of accurate measurements and a reliable theoretical framework. Atomic structure computations are employed to bridge the many gaps in the experimental data, but their results need to be tested by measurements. We have selected extreme ultraviolet spectra of europium (Eu, Z = 63) for such tests. We study the emission spectra of Eu ions produced and excited in an electron beam ion trap by observation with highly resolving spectrographs. General purpose atomic structure computations help us at disentangling the spectra and identifying the emission of specific charge state ions. At the same time, the wavelength data provide a tool to judge the quality of the computations. The present study concentrates on ions of the charge states q = 45+ to q = 49+ or P‐ to Ar‐like ions of Eu.
Noema and Noesis. Part I: Functions of Noetic Synthesis
Authors: Krysztofiak Wojciech 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the paper, the formal model of the noetic synthesis functions is presented. Together with the functions of noematic synthesis, they are understood as components of functions of intentional reference, which are meant to be, in turn, formalizations of intentional acts of reference performed in the stream of consciousness. This research perspective allows us to extend the category of speech acts to the category of all intentional acts of reference. The functions of noetic synthesis are understood as composed of the function of noetic intention acting on qualia, noetic moods and noetic modes. The model allows us to explain the phenomenon of autism as having its source in disorders of the noetic synthesis functions. The constructed model is not intended as the faithful reconstruction of the Husserlian conception of noesis. Intuitions of the creator of phenomenology are treated as the only source of inspiration.
The Associations of Diuretics and Laxatives Use with Cardiovascular Mortality. An Individual Patient-Data Meta-analysis of Two Large Cohort Studies
Authors: Hoppe Liesa Katharina , Muhlack Dana Clarissa , Koenig Wolfgang , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the associations of diuretics overall, non-potassium-sparing diuretics in specific, and laxative use with cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in subjects with antihypertensive treatment.MethodsAnalyses included 4253 participants, aged 50 to 75 years, from the German ESTHER cohort and 105,359 participants, aged 50 to 69 years, from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied in both studies, and then results were pooled using random-effects model meta-analyses.ResultsDuring 14 and 7 years of follow-up, 476 and 1616 CVM cases were observed in the ESTHER study and the UK Biobank, respectively. Compared to non-users, a 1.6-fold (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.57 [1.29; 1.90]), a 1.4-fold (1.39 [1.26; 1.53]), and no statistically significantly increased (1.13 [0.94; 1.36]) CVM were observed in users of diuretics overall, non-potassium-sparing diuretics in specific, and laxatives, respectively. Concurrent use of non-potassium-sparing diuretics and laxatives was associated with a 2-fold increased CVM (2.05 [1.55; 2.71]) when compared to users of neither diuretics nor laxatives. However, a test for interaction slightly missed statistical significance (p = 0.075).ConclusionsThese consistent results from two large cohort studies imply that more research is needed on the safety of diuretics in routine care. Although not statistically significant in this study, a drug-drug interaction of non-potassium-sparing diuretics and laxatives appears plausible. Physicians and pharmacists are advised to clarify additional laxative use in users of non-potassium-sparing diuretics and inform about the risk of concurrent use. Moreover, closer potassium monitoring intervals (e.g., every 3 months) might be indicated in concurrent users to prevent fatal cardiovascular events.
Spinoffs and tie formation in cluster knowledge networks
Authors: Juhász Sándor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is generally acknowledged that in order to have access to locally accumulated industrial knowledge, firms have to collaborate and take part in cluster knowledge networks. This study argues that the inherited capabilities of spinoff enable them to cooperate and exchange knowledge more easily and to gain more from positive knowledge externalities in clusters. The basis of the analysis is a relational dataset on a printing and paper product cluster in Hungary, and I use exponential random graph models to explain the formation of knowledge ties. I demonstrate that besides geographical proximity, ownership similarity and network structural effects, being a spinoff company enhances tie formation in the local network. Results suggest that spinoffs are indeed more likely to collaborate and take advantage of knowledge concentration.
Intracavernosal Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated S100A1 Gene Transfer Enhances Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats by Promoting Cavernous Angiogenesis via VEGF-A/VEGFR2 Signaling
Authors: Yu Zhe , Zhang Yan , Tang Zhe , Song Jingyu , Gao Xintao , Sun Taotao , Liu Yang , Yang Jun , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Novel therapeutic targets for diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction (DED) are urgently needed. Previous studies have proved that S100A1, a small Ca2+-binding protein, is a pluripotent regulator of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Its absence is associated with endothelial dysfunction, the central event linking cardiovascular changes in diabetes. However, the role of S100A1 in DED remains unknown.

Aim
To explore the effect and underlying mechanisms of S100A1 in restoring erectile function in type I diabetic rat model.

Methods
Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and then screened by apomorphine (APO) to confirm erectile dysfunction. Rats that met the criteria of penile erection were marked as APO-positive; otherwise, the result was APO-negative. In experiment 1, S100A1 gene expression alterations in the corpus cavernosum in moderate and established stages of DED were analyzed. In experiment 2, S100A1 and control GFP gene were delivered into the corpus cavernosum in APO-negative rats by adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9. Erectile function was assessed at 4 weeks after gene therapy.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile response, histologic and molecular alterations.

Results
S100A1 protein was localized to the area surrounding the cavernosal sinusoids in the penis, and it was gradually downregulated synchronized with the progression of DED. Compared with an injection of AAV-GFP, a single injection of AAV-S100A1 significantly restored erectile function in diabetic rats. S100A1 overexpression significantly upregulated the expression of endogenous VEGF-A, promoted VEGFR2 internalization, and subsequently triggered the protein kinase B–endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetic erectile tissues. Marked increases in nitric oxide and endothelial content were noted in AAV-S100A1-treated diabetic rats.

Clinical Implications
Local S100A1 overexpression may be an alternative therapy for DED and should be further investigated by future clinical studies.

Strength & Limitations
This is the first study demonstrating the angiogenic role of S100A1 in DED, but does not preclude the contribution of the effects of S100A1 in other tissues such as the neuronal tissue on the functional effects observed in erectile responses.

Conclusion
The decreased expression of S100A1 during hyperglycemia might be important in the development of erectile dysfunction. S100A1 may play a potential role in restoring erectile function in rats with DED through modulating cavernous angiogenesis.
Feedback control of Marangoni convection in a thin film heated from below
Authors: Samoilova Anna E. , Nepomnyashchy Alexander 
Published: August 2019

We use linear proportional control for the suppression of the Marangoni instability in a thin film heated from below. Our keen interest is focused on the recently revealed oscillatory mode caused by a coupling of two long-wave monotonic instabilities, the Pearson and deformational ones. Shklyaev et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 85, 2012, 016328) showed that the oscillatory mode is critical in the case of a substrate of very low conductivity. To stabilize the no-motion state of the film, we apply two linear feedback control strategies based on the heat flux variation at the substrate. Strategy (I) uses the interfacial deflection from the mean position as the criterion of instability onset. Within strategy (II) the variable that describes the instability is the deviation of the measured temperatures from the desired, conductive values. We perform two types of calculations. The first one is the linear stability analysis of the nonlinear amplitude equations that are derived within the lubrication approximation. The second one is the linear stability analysis that is carried out within the Bénard–Marangoni problem for arbitrary wavelengths. Comparison of different control strategies reveals feedback control by the deviation of the free surface temperature as the most effective way to suppress the Marangoni instability.
Probing the cold magnetised Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)
Authors: André Ph. , Hughes A. , Guillet V. , Boulanger F. , Bracco A. , Ntormousi E. , Arzoumanian D. , Maury A.J. , Bernard J.-Ph. , Bontemps S. , Ristorcelli I. , Girart J.M. , Motte F. , Tassis K. , Pantin E. , Montmerle T. , Johnstone D. , Gabici S. , Efstathiou A. , Basu S. , Béthermin M. , Beuther H. , Braine J. , Francesco J. Di , Falgarone E. , Ferrière K. , Fletcher A. , Galametz M. , Giard M. , Hennebelle P. , Jones A. , Kepley A. A. , Kwon J. , Lagache G. , Lesaffre P. , Levrier F. , Li D. , Li Z.-Y. , Mao S. A. , Nakagawa T. , Onaka T. , Paladino R. , Peretto N. , Poglitsch A. , Revéret V. , Rodriguez L. , Sauvage M. , Soler J. D. , Spinoglio L. , Tabatabaei F. , Tritsis A. , van der Tak F. , Ward-Thompson D. , Wiesemeyer H. , Ysard N. , Zhang H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), the cryogenic infrared space telescope recently pre-selected for a ‘Phase A’ concept study as one of the three remaining candidates for European Space Agency (ESA's) fifth medium class (M5) mission, is foreseen to include a far-infrared polarimetric imager [SPICA-POL, now called B-fields with BOlometers and Polarizers (B-BOP)], which would offer a unique opportunity to resolve major issues in our understanding of the nearby, cold magnetised Universe. This paper presents an overview of the main science drivers for B-BOP, including high dynamic range polarimetric imaging of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in both our Milky Way and nearby galaxies. Thanks to a cooled telescope, B-BOP will deliver wide-field 100–350$\mu$m images of linearly polarised dust emission in Stokes Q and U with a resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and both intensity and spatial dynamic ranges comparable to those achieved byHerschelimages of the cold ISM in total intensity (Stokes I). The B-BOP 200$\mu$m images will also have a factor$\sim $30 higher resolution thanPlanckpolarisation data. This will make B-BOP a unique tool for characterising the statistical properties of the magnetised ISM and probing the role of magnetic fields in the formation and evolution of the interstellar web of dusty molecular filaments giving birth to most stars in our Galaxy. B-BOP will also be a powerful instrument for studying the magnetism of nearby galaxies and testing Galactic dynamo models, constraining the physics of dust grain alignment, informing the problem of the interaction of cosmic rays with molecular clouds, tracing magnetic fields in the inner layers of protoplanetary disks, and monitoring accretion bursts in embedded protostars.
Geochemical characteristics and reasons for the carbon isotopic reversal of natural gas in the southern Jingbian gas field, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Han Wenxue , Chang Xiangchun , Ma Weijiao , Tao Shizhen , Yao Jingli , Hou Lianhua , Yang Weiwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe carbon isotope value of ethane in the southern part of the Jingbian gas field is lower than that in the northern part, indicating a carbon isotopic reversal in the southern Jingbian gas field (δ13Cmethane > δ13Cethane). Through comparing the geochemical characteristics of gases in the southern and northern parts of the gas field, the reasons for the carbon isotopic reversal in the southern Jingbian gas field were determined to be high thermal maturity and mixing action. When thermal maturity reaches a critical value, the carbon isotope value of ethane becomes relatively more depleted with thermal maturity. Although the carbon isotope value of methane increases with thermal maturity, the extent is relatively smaller. Finally, the rare phenomenon of δ13Cmethane > δ13Cethane occurs. High thermal maturity leads to the secondary thermal cracking of gases. Mixing of the cracked gases and primary gases also leads to carbon isotopic reversal. Both of the above mechanisms share a common premise, which is high thermal maturity.
Two week wait referral criteria – heading in the right direction?
Authors: Gao C , Qin C , Freeman S , Oskooee N , Hughes J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence referral guidelines prompting urgent two-week referrals were updated in 2015. Additional symptoms with a lower threshold of 3 per cent positive predictive values were integrated. This study aimed to examine whether current pan-London urgent referral guidelines for suspected head and neck cancer lead to efficient and accurate referrals by assessing frequency of presenting symptoms and risk factors, and examining their correlation with positive cancer diagnoses.MethodsThe risk factors and symptoms of 984 consecutive patients (over a six-month period in 2016) were collected retrospectively from urgent referral letters to University College London Hospital for suspected head and neck cancer.ResultsOnly 37 referrals (3.76 per cent) resulted in a head and neck cancer diagnosis. Four of the 23 recommended symptoms demonstrated statistically significant results. Nine of the 23 symptoms had a positive predictive value of over 3 per cent.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the current referral guidelines are not effective at detecting patients with cancer. Detection rates have decreased from 10–15 per cent to 3.76 per cent. A review of the current head and neck cancer referral guidelines is recommended, along with further data collection for comparison.
Microstructural Characterization of GaN Grown on SiC
Authors: Saha Sabyasachi , Kumar Deepak , Sharma Chandan K. , Singh Vikash K. , Channagiri Samartha , Sridhara Rao Duggi V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGaN films have been grown on SiC substrates with an AlN nucleation layer by using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique. Micro-cracking of the GaN films has been observed in some of the grown samples. In order to investigate the micro-cracking and microstructure, the samples have been studied using various characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface morphology of the AlN nucleation layer is related to the stress evolution in subsequent overgrown GaN epilayers. It is determined via TEM evidence that, if the AlN nucleation layer has a rough surface morphology, this leads to tensile stresses in the GaN films, which finally results in cracking. Raman spectroscopy results also suggest this, by showing the existence of considerable tensile residual stress in the AlN nucleation layer. Based on these various observations and results, conclusions or propositions relating to the microstructure are presented.
The Relationship of Cloud Number and Size With Their Large‐Scale Environment in Deep Tropical Convection
Authors: Louf Valentin , Jakob Christian , Protat Alain , Bergemann Martin , Narsey Sugata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurately representing the properties and impact of tropical convection in climate models requires an understanding of the relationships between the state of a convective cloud ensemble and the environment it is embedded in. We investigate this relationship using 13 years of radar observations in the tropics. Specifically, we focus on convective cell number and size and quantify their relationship to atmospheric stability, midtropospheric vertical motion and humidity. We find several key convective states embedded in their own unique environments. The most area‐averaged rainfall occurs with a moderate number of moderate size convective cell in an environment of high humidity, strong vertical ascent, and moderate convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN). The strongest rainfall intensities are found with few large cells. Those exist in a dry and subsiding environment with both high CAPE and CIN. Large numbers of convective cells are associated with small CAPE and CIN, weak ascent, and a moist midtroposphere.