bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropisetron Facilitates Footshock Suppression of Compulsive Cocaine Seeking
Authors: Zhou Yue-Qing , Zhang Lan-Yuan , Yu Zhi-Peng , Zhang Xiao-Qin , Shi Jie , Shen Hao-Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe hallmark characteristics of the murine model of drug addiction include the escalation of cocaine consumption and compulsive punishment-resistant drug seeking. In this study, we evaluated the motivation for drug seeking in cocaine self-administering rats exposed to an escalated dosing regimen that endeavored to mimic the characteristic of escalating drug intake in human addicts. Tropisetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and α7-nicotinic receptor partial agonist. Utilizing rats trained on the escalated-dosing regimen, we examined the effects of tropisetron on control over compulsive drug-seeking behavior that was defined as footshock-resistant lever pressing.MethodsRats were trained to self-administer cocaine with incremental-infusion doses (from 0.6 to 2.4 mg/kg/infusion) across training sessions (3 h/session) or with a long-access paradigm (i.e., 0.6 mg/kg/infusion, 6 h/d training session). The drug-seeking motivations of 2 groups were estimated by the patterns of drug intake and progressive-ratio schedule. The compulsivity for drug seeking of the group with an escalated dose was further evaluated using the footshock-associated seeking-taking chain task.ResultsThe rats trained on the dose-escalated protocol achieved the same levels of motivated drug seeking as those subjected to a long-access paradigm, as indicated by cocaine intake per training session and breakpoints on a progressive ratio schedule. Tropisetron attenuated compulsive behavior of rats when pressing of the seeking lever potentially led to footshock. Intriguingly, tropisetron did not change the motivation to seek cocaine when footshock was absent. Tropisetron had no effect on locomotor activities or saccharin self-administration.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that tropisetron restored control over compulsive cocaine seeking, and they indicate that 5-HT3/α7-nicotinic receptors may be potential therapeutic targets for relieving compulsive drug seeking.
Birthplace diversity and economic growth: evidence from the US states in the Post-World War II period
Authors: Docquier Frédéric , Turati Riccardo , Valette Jérôme , Vasilakis Chrysovalantis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper empirically investigates the impact of birthplace diversity on economic growth. We use panel data on US states over the 1960–2010 period. This rich data set allows us to better deal with endogeneity issues and to conduct a large set of robustness checks. Our results suggest that diversity among college-educated immigrants positively affects economic growth. We provide converging evidence pointing at the existence of skill complementarities between workers trained in different countries. These synergies result in better labor market outcomes for native workers and in higher productivity in the R&D sector. The gains from diversity are maximized when immigrants originate from economically or culturally distant countries (but not both), and when they acquired part of their secondary education abroad and their college education in the USA. Overall, a 10% increase in high-skilled diversity raises GDP per capita by about 6%. On the contrary, low-skilled diversity has insignificant effects.
Michael Alberti and the Medical Therapy of the Internal Senses
Authors: Rydberg Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the first half of the eighteenth century, the German physician Michael Alberti was responsible for hundreds of dissertations and other works in medicine. While the bulk of the production reflected the dominating medical topics of his time, he also developed an original focus on the internal senses and their effects on bodily health and disease. Depending on whether internal senses, such as imagination and memory, were cultivated in the right way or not, they could work as powerful remedies or as equally powerful triggers of disease and even death. This article explores this little known strand of early modern medicine in three steps. First, it shows that Alberti’s medicine took form in intimate connection to the Stahlian brand of Pietist medicine. As such, it further elaborated an existing strand of medicine that was intimately connected to German Pietism. Second, it analyses in some detail the role of the internal senses from a pathological and therapeutic perspective as well as examining what kind of persona the physician ought to embody. Lastly, it raises larger questions regarding how to understand this strand of early modern medicine. Rather than approaching it from the perspective of disciplinary history, the article seeks to reconstruct it as a part of what has sometimes been referred to as the early modern cultura animi tradition.
Entomological Studies in Itaúna, Brazil, an Area With Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission: Fauna Survey, Natural Leishmania Infection, and Molecular Characterization of the Species Circulating in Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: Lopes Josiane V , Michalsky Erika M , Pereira Nathalia C L , de Paula Adão J V , Lara-Silva Fabiana O , Silva-Lana Rosana , Fortes-Dias Consuelo L , Pinheiro Leticia C , Dias Edelberto S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Among neglected tropical diseases, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) shows great relevance in global terms and is a serious public health concern due to the possibility of severe and lethal forms in humans. In this study, we evaluate entomological factors such as diversity and abundance of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) and the Leishmania species circulating in these species in possible association with VL transmission in the Brazilian town Itaúna. The entomological collections were performed during three consecutive nights, always in the third week of each month, within a period of 12 mo. A total of 1,786 sand fly specimens were collected, from which 20% were collected inside houses. The influence of three local climatic variables (temperature, rainfall, relative humidity) on the population sizes of these insects was evaluated. Temperature was the most influential factor, with a significant positive correlation with the local population size of phlebotomine sand flies collected per month. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) was the predominant species in the study area. Leishmania DNA was detected in nine out of 133 pools of sand fly females, using nested/PCR, which resulted in a minimal natural infection rate of 2.91%. DNA from Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida), was detected in Evandromyia cortelezzii (Bréthes, 1923), Ev. evandroi (Costa, Lima & Antunes, 1936), Ev. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938), and Ev. termitophila (Martins, Falcão & Silva, 1964), besides Lu. longipalpis. Our study indicates favorable conditions for VL spreading in Itaúna due to the presence of Lu. longipalpis and Le. infantum-infected phlebotomine sand flies.
Entomological Efficacy of Aerial Ultra-Low Volume Insecticide Applications Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mexico
Authors: Correa-Morales Fabián , Dzul-Manzanilla Felipe , Bibiano-Marín Wilbert , Vadillo-Sánchez José , Medina-Barreiro Anuar , Martin-Park Abdiel , Villegas-Chim Josué , Elizondo-Quiroga Armando E , Lenhart Audrey , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo M , Erales-Villamil José , Che-Mendoza Azael , Manrique-Saide Pablo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA cluster-randomized controlled trial quantified the entomological efficacy of aerial ultra-low volume (AULV) applications of the insecticide chlorpyrifos against Aedes aegypti in Puerto Vallarta, México, during November–October 2017. The trial involved 16 large (1 × 1 km) clusters distributed between treatment-control arms. Primary endpoint was the abundance of Ae. aegypti indoors (total adults, females, and blood-fed females) collected using Prokopack aspirators. After four consecutive weekly cycles of AULV, all adult Ae. aegypti infestation indices were significantly lower in the treatment arm (OR and IRR ≤ 0.28). Efficacy in reducing indoor Ae. aegypti increased with each weekly application cycle from 30 to 73% (total adults), 33 to 76% (females), and 45.5 to 89% (blood-fed females). Entomological indices remained significantly lower in the treatment arm up to 2 wk after the fourth spraying round. Performing AULV spraying can have significant and lasting entomological impact on Ae. aegypti as long as multiple (ideally four) spray cycles are implemented using an effective insecticide.
A Survey of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in Tunisia and the Potential Role of Aedes detritus and Aedes caspius in the Transmission of Zika Virus
Authors: Ben Ayed Wiem , Amraoui Fadila , M’ghirbi Youmna , Schaffner Francis , Rhaim Adel , Failloux Anna-Bella , Bouattour Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to update the list of Aedes mosquito species occurring in Tunisia and to test the vector competence of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius (Pallas) and Ae. (Ochlerotatus) detritus (Haliday), the locally most abundant and widespread species, to transmit Zika virus (ZIKV). In 2017–2018, mosquito larvae were collected from 39 different larval habitats in seven bioclimatic zones of Tunisia. The salinity and pH of each breeding site were measured. The survey revealed the presence of 10 Aedes species in Tunisia: Ae. (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) berlandi (Séguy), Ae. caspius, Ae. detritus, Ae. (Finlaya) echinus (Edwards), Ae. (Finlaya) geniculatus (Olivier), Ae. (Acartomyia) mariae (Sergent and Sergent), Ae. (Ochlerotatus) pulcritarsis (Rondani), Ae. (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen), and Ae. (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot). Of these 10 species, Ae. caspius and Ae. detritus were the most abundant in Tunisia. Aedes detritus and Ae. caspius larvae were reared until the imago stage under insectary conditions to test autogeny. The study showed that Ae. detritus is autogenous and stenogamous and Ae. caspius, anautogenous and eurygamous. Finally, the collected strains of these two species were experimentally infected with the Asian genotype of ZIKV, originally isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia, to test their vector competence. Neither of these species was able to transmit ZIKV at 7 and 14 d postexposure. Further investigations are needed to test the competence of other Tunisian mosquito species that may be associated with ZIKV transmission.
Evaluation of Resistance to Different Insecticides and Metabolic Detoxification Mechanism by Use of Synergist in the Common Bed Bug (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Cáceres Mariano , Santo-Orihuela Pablo L , Vassena Claudia V 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBed bugs have become a common urban pest with consequences on human health and economic costs to the hotel and tourism sectors. Insecticide resistance is considered an important factor in the current bed bug resurgence, and multiple resistance mechanisms could be working in the resistant bed bug populations. In the present study, we determined the resistance profile to four insecticides with a different mode of action in Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) field-collected colonies from Argentina. Furthermore, the synergism effect of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) with deltamethrin was investigated to explore the contribution of detoxification metabolism to resistance. Our results showed that most of the field-collected colonies are extremely resistant to deltamethrin and propoxur, much more than to azametiphos and imidacloprid. The differences in resistance ratios among field-collected colonies could be associated with different modes of action of insecticides used in control pest and the mechanisms involved in the resistance. PBO pretreatment led to a significantly decreased RR in pyrethroid-resistant colonies, suggesting an upturn of monooxygenase activity for deltamethrin detoxification. However, the high RR detected could involve other mechanisms as part of the whole resistant phenotype in colonies of C. lectularius resistant to pyrethroids.
Severe Trombiculiasis in Hunting Dogs Infested With Neotrombicula inopinata (Acari: Trombiculidae)
Authors: Areso Apesteguía M , Areso Portell J B , Halaihel Kassab N , Gracia Salinas M J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study records the clinical findings in nine hunting dogs showing systemic illness associated with trombiculids and identifies the mite species involved. In fall, coinciding with the seasonality of mites, all dogs were infested with mites and had been in the risk area (Sierra Cebollera Natural Park, La Rioja, Spain) a few hours before the onset of symptoms. The symptoms included vomiting, anorexia, weakness and lethargy, diarrhea, and even stupor. The clinical picture was fast-acting and potentially fatal. The infestations varied from low to severe. Molecular analysis of mites that fed on the dogs confirmed that they were larvae of Neotrombicula inopinata (Oudemans, Acari, Trombiculidae). This is the first time that N. inopinata has been identified as feeding on dogs and implicated in canine systemic illness associated with trombiculids. In contrast to other chiggers, N. inopinata does not seem to cause dermatitis. Likewise, the clinical and epidemiological similarity between the clinical symptoms we describe herein and the occurrence of seasonal canine illness (SCI) led us to suspect that this illness may be caused by infestation with these mites. The condition could be the consequence of severe infestation from large numbers of feeding mites, especially N. inopinata. Whether or not the cases were due to a severe allergic host response to salivary proteins or the result of the transmission of a new or emerging trombiculid-borne pathogen is not known.
Assessing Effectiveness of Recommended Residential Yard Management Measures Against Ticks
Authors: Fischhoff Ilya R , Keesing Felicia , Pendleton Jennifer , DePietro Deanna , Teator Marissa , Duerr Shannon T K , Mowry Stacy , Pfister Ashley , LaDeau Shannon L , Ostfeld Richard S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Public health authorities recommend a range of nonchemical measures to control blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) in residential yards. Here we enumerate these recommendations and assess their relationship to larval tick abundance in 143 yards in Dutchess County, New York, an area with high Lyme disease incidence. We examined the relationship between larval tick abundance and eight property features related to recommendations from public health agencies: presence or absence of outdoor cats, wood piles, trash, stone walls, wood chip barriers separating lawn from adjacent forest, bird feeders, fencing, and prevalence of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC [Ranunculales: Berberidaceae]). We assessed abundance of larval ticks using two methods, flagging for questing ticks and visual examination of ticks on white-footed mice Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818 (Rodentia: Cricetidae). More questing larvae were found in yards where trash or stone walls were present. These effects were less pronounced as forest area increased within the yard. Counts of larvae per mouse were lower in properties with >75% of the yard fenced than in properties with less fencing. We find partial support for recommendations regarding trash, stone walls, and fencing. We did not detect effects of outdoor cats, bird feeders, barriers, wood piles, or Japanese barberry. There was low statistical power to detect effects of ground barriers (gravel, mulch, or woodchip), which were present in only two properties.
Pterional Craniotomy for Resection of Clinoidal Meningioma Associated With an Aerated Anterior Clinoid Process: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Mendez Rosito Diego , Forbes Jonathan A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Extradural removal of the clinoid performed prior to resection of clinoidal meningiomas has been advocated as a way to facilitate devascularization of the tumor and provide early identification and/or decompression of adjacent neurovascular structures. A small number of video publications exist in the literature that provides useful guidance to surgeons preparing for resection of clinoidal region meningiomas.
1-3
However, none of these videos portray the variable anatomy associated with an aerated clinoid process. This known anatomical variant can increase the risk profile associated with resection of clinoidal meningomas—especially with regards to postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula.
In this video publication, we discuss the care of a 54 yr-old male who presented with visual deterioration in the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed findings consistent with a right clinoidal meningioma. Computed tomography demonstrated bilateral aeration of the anterior clinoid processes. The patient was taken to the operating room for right pterional craniotomy for resection of the neoplasm. Edited, intraoperative 2-dimensional-video demonstrates the variable anatomy encountered during removal of an aerated clinoid process. Relevant steps associated with subsequent tumor resection are summarized. Following resection, MRI obtained in the early postoperative period demonstrated gross total resection of the neoplasm without untoward finding. The patient noted marked improvement in his vision following surgery and did not suffer any complications relating to postoperative CSF fistula. Full patient consent for photography and/or recording of other forms of video/imaging was obtained in the preoperative period.
Introduction
Authors: Dimendberg Edward 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This introduction presents the central concepts developed by film and media scholar Anne Friedberg (1952–2009) in her books Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern and The Virtual Window: From Alberti to Microsoft. It argues that her notions of the moving virtual gaze and the virtual window prefigure subsequent discussions in the visual studies and mobility studies literature that emphasize the significance of vision in motion. It also explicates how the chapters in this volume investigate domains such as film, television, visual art, architecture, urbanism, and virtual reality. Finally, it indicates how each chapter extends Friedberg’s ideas to new areas and contributes to an ongoing investigation of cultural modernity in an age of rapid media change.
Moving Through Friedberg’s Properly Adjusted Virtual Window
Authors: Gunning Tom 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the theory of virtual reality developed by Anne Friedberg in The Virtual Window and argues that Friedberg confuses the notions of pictura and imago developed by Johannes Kepler in his theory of optics. The chapter untangles the meanings of these concepts and develops a notion of the virtual image that builds upon Friedberg’s work while eliminating some of the inconsistencies and limitations in her account. Gunning cautions against simply aligning the virtual with the immaterial or tying it too closely to the process of representation and claims the virtual optical images Friedberg invokes mark a revolution we might call virtual media. This does not simply involve a process of reproduction (although Walter Benjamin’s analysis of technical reproduction provides a founding text in defining the virtuality of modern media), but rather a process of discovery and transport. If we focus more broadly, as Friedberg invites us to do, on virtual media rather than a virtual image, our attention shifts from image to the apparatuses, or better, the technical processes, of virtualization.
Sites of Screening
Authors: Bruno Giuliana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the recent trend toward installation of moving images in museums and art galleries. It considers the movement of the spectator through art venues and theorizes the nature of the screen and the haptic quality of the moving image in the work of such contemporary artists as Pierre Huyghe, Chantal Akerman, Janet Cardiff, and Trinh T. Minh-ha. The chapter develops an account of how the traditional theatrical projection of motion pictures has evolved into a new form of experiencing moving images with new affective and intellectual qualities.
Humans Becoming Animals
Authors: Koch Gertrud 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter attempts to explain the fascination that animals have long exerted upon the motion picture medium. It explores some of the differences among the human gaze, the animal gaze, and the cinematic gaze. Utilizing examples ranging from the philosophies of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Jean-Paul Sartre to films by Edward Dmytryk, Jacques Tourneur, and Paul Schrader, the author explicates affect, identification, and the status of the face in cinematic representations of nonhuman species.
Germany
Authors: Boutros Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Germany is currently ranked among the top 12 in the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index. The country achieved this ranking through substantial efforts in the last decades in legislation, in society, and in the business sector. Today, the corporate compliance management systems of many major German corporations serve as a benchmark in the corporate world. But there is still a lot of work to do. Germany does not yet have a corporate criminal code that holds legal entities criminally liable for corruption-related offenses. German authorities still do not have a uniform and standardized procedure for acknowledging adequate compliance management systems as an affirmative defense or mitigating factor to decrease administrative fines. Although repeatedly requested by the OECD, Germany also still lacks an express and explicit law that grants specific protection to whistle-blowers from retaliation in the private sector, though many German corporations have already set up highly sophisticated whistle-blower systems. This chapter provides an overview on the most important statutory provisions and draft bills with regard to anti-corruption in Germany. Further, the chapter discusses how companies in Germany can take appropriate measures in order to navigate safely through the challenges of corruption-related liability in today’s competitive business environment.
Indonesia
Authors: Boutros Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Indonesia continues to make steady progress strengthening its anti-corruption framework, adopting new anti-corruption laws, and prosecuting those who run afoul of them. At the same time, the level of corruption remains significant, as demonstrated by continued examples of public corruption including the high-profile eKTP case that has implicated at least 37 senior public officials for stealing hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars in public funds. Indonesia has a solid framework of anti-corruption laws, and recently added a focus on corporate criminal liability to its toolkit. Indonesia’s Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi or KPK) is a bright spot of independence, professionalism, and progress for enforcing anti-corruption laws and holding corrupt judges, cabinet ministers, high ranking police officers, governors, legislators, and politicians accountable. Independent anti-corruption courts, and a skilled and well-functioning financial intelligence unit (the PPATK), are also key institutions in the ongoing battle to weed out historical and institutionalized corruption, graft, and cronyism. Indonesia’s current Reformasi era is still less than 20 years old, and as much as great progress has been made, it will take significant continued political will to combat wealthy and influential forces that continue to benefit from corruption and who will seek to undermine reform. Indonesia’s current president, Joko “Jokowi” Widodo, was elected in 2014 on a platform of reform and clean government, and the results of his upcoming re-election bid in 2019 may be a significant indicator of whether the progress made under his leadership will continue, or whether anti-corruption institutions and efforts in Indonesia will falter.