bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital zircon U–Pb provenance and palaeogeography of Triassic rift basins in the Marrakech High Atlas
Authors: Domènech Mireia , Stockli Daniel F. , Teixell Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Marrakech High Atlas contains some of the best exposures of the Triassic early‐rift strata related to Atlantic opening in NW Africa. We present the first detrital zircon U–Pb data of five Triassic redbed samples from the Tizi n'Test basin to quantify sediment provenance, transport and dispersal patterns during early rifting. These U–Pb ages document dominant sediment sourcing from the south, the Anti‐Atlas domain, with very limited to absent input from the Variscan Meseta domain to the north. This combined with stratigraphic and thermochronologic information points to a highly asymmetric palaeogeography during Triassic rifting. Furthermore, the occurrence of Archaean detrital zircon grains in Triassic sandstone, likely recycled from the Reguibat shield, suggests the presence of a fully developed regional drainage system with rivers and catchments reaching hundreds of kilometres into the hinterland of the rift flank.
Evaluation of the rostral projection of the sacral lamina as a component of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in German shepherd dogs
Authors: Saunders Harvey , Worth Andrew J. , Bridges Janis P. , Hartman Angela 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between a greater rostral projection of the sacral lamina and clinical signs of cauda equina syndrome (CES) in German shepherd dogs (GSD) with presumptive degenerative lumbosacral disease (DLSS).Study designRetrospective cohort study.Sample populationOne hundred forty‐three GSD (125 police dogs and 18 pet dogs) presenting for either CES or prebreeding evaluation. Fifty‐five were classified as affected by CES and diagnosed with DLSS, and 88 were classified as unaffected on the basis of clinical and imaging findings.MethodsThe position of the rostral edge of the sacral lamina was measured from radiographs and/or computed tomography (CT) scans. This position was compared between affected and unaffected dogs. In dogs that underwent both radiography and CT scanning, the agreement between sacral lamina localization using each imaging modality was determined. Owners/handlers were contacted to determine whether dogs subsequently developed clinical signs compatible with CES at a mean of 29 months (unaffected).ResultsThe sacral lamina did not extend as far rostrally in affected dogs, compared to unaffected dogs (P =.04). Among the 88 dogs unaffected by CES at initial evaluation, 2 developed clinical signs consistent with CES at follow‐up.ConclusionRostral projection of the sacral lamina, previously proposed as a potential risk factor in dogs with CES due to lumbosacral degeneration, was not associated with a diagnosis of DLSS in this study; the opposite was true.Clinical significanceRostral projection of the sacral lamina may not be a predisposing factor in the development of CES due to DLSS in GSD.
Tacrolimus‐induced asymptomatic thrombotic microangiopathy diagnosed by laboratory tests in pig‐to‐rhesus corneal xenotransplantation: A case report
Authors: Kim Jong‐Min , Kim Jaeyoung , Choi Se‐Hyun , Shin Jun‐Seop , Min Byoung‐Hoon , Jeong Won Young , Lee Ga‐Eul , Kim Min‐Sun , Kwon Seeun , Kim Mee Kum , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTacrolimus‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is a rare complication. TA‐TMA is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ damage due to thrombus. We report asymptomatic TA‐TMA diagnosed by laboratory tests in pig‐to‐rhesus corneal xenotransplantation. Corneal transplantation had been conducted from a wild‐type SNU miniature pig to a rhesus macaque. The veterinary records were retrospectively reviewed in this case. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of rituximab, basiliximab, and IVIg as inductive therapies, and steroids with tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg/day) as maintenance therapies. Although there were no clinical symptoms, increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine and decreased levels of hemoglobin and platelet were observed in laboratory tests on Day (D) 61. Systemic TA‐TMA was tentatively diagnosed. Tacrolimus was discontinued starting on D71. Dalteparin, clopidogrel bisulfate (D77‐D99), and IVIg (D72) were administered as a conservative treatment. Abnormal laboratory results were reversed on D99. When low‐dose tacrolimus (0.07 mg/kg/day) was re‐administered on D131 to prevent rejection of the graft, TMA was detected again by laboratory tests on D161, confirming the initial diagnosis. Discontinuation of tacrolimus on D162 and re‐administration of Dalteparin (D161‐D196) corrected the laboratory values on D161. This report shows that in pig‐to‐rhesus corneal xenotransplantation, clinically asymptomatic TMA can be induced by tacrolimus, and the discontinuation of tacrolimus and administration of anticoagulant seems sufficient to correct the laboratory TMA.
Association of Academic Stress, Anxiety and Depression with Social-Demographic among Medical Students
Authors: Adiele Dube , Judith A Chamisa , Morgan Gundani P. , Catherine Bako , Carolyne Lunga M. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Medical education programmes aim at producing wholesome of competent and skilled graduates, research have shown that students experience stress which impacts on their health, academic performance and social functioning. This paper aims to determine the extent of academic stress, depression and anxiety among medical undergraduates and to explore the correlation between academic stressors, psychological stress and socio-demographic background among first year medical students at National University of Science and Technology.Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken by first-year medical students in 2016 at NUST Division of Social Medical Sciences. A validated and standardised survey Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) questionnaire was used. Data was analysed by SPSS version 21.0.Results: Nineteen first-year midwifery students participated in the study. Males were 63.1% while females were 38.8%. Seventy-three per cent of the participants experienced stress during the programme, of which forty-nine percent were females. Female students showed severe stress of 6±1.15 as compared to their male counterparts who scored extremely severe stress of 3.81±1.53. Academic, health-related and psychosocial problems were the chief sources of stress.Conclusion: Stress impacts negatively on undergraduate students. Midwifery students need guidance, mentorship and educational integration support to identify and monitor their own well-being. These measures should promote a balance in selection of positive strategies to overcome stress, managing workload and time effectively during study period.
Heart rate changes during positive pressure ventilation after asphyxia-induced bradycardia in a porcine model of neonatal resuscitation
Authors: Espinoza Maria Liza , Cheung Po-Yin , Lee Tze-Fun , O’Reilly Megan , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) states that if adequate positive pressure ventilation (PPV) was given for a low heart rate (HR), the infant’s HR should increase within the first 15 s of PPV.ObjectiveTo assess changes in HR in piglets with asphyxia-induced bradycardia.MethodsTerm newborn piglets (n=30) were anaesthetised, intubated, instrumented and exposed to 50 min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia. Asphyxia was achieved by clamping the tube until severe bradycardia (defined as HR at <25% of baseline). This was followed by 30 s adequate PPV and chest compression thereafter. Changes in HR during the 30 s of PPV were assessed and divided into four epochs (0–10 s, 5–15 s, 10–20 s and 20–30 s, respectively).ResultsIncrease in HR >100/min was observed in 6/30 (20%) after 30 s of PPV. Within the epochs 0–10 s, 5–15 s or 10–20 s no piglet had an increase in HR >100/min. Additional 10/30 (33%) had a >10% increase in HR.ConclusionIn contrast to NRP recommendation, adequate PPV does not increase HR within 15 s after ventilation in piglets with asphyxia-induced bradycardia.
Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair of acetabular labral tears
Authors: Vassalo Carlos César , Barros Antônio Augusto Guimarães , Costa Lincoln Paiva , Guedes Euler de Carvalho , de Andrade Marco Antônio Percope 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the primary clinical outcomes of arthroscopic labral repair.MethodsAll patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of the acetabular labrum performed by a senior surgeon between October 2010 and December 2013 were invited to participate in this prospective study. Patients included were those who had a preoperative diagnosis of labral tears, a lateral centre edge greater than 25° and a labral tear believed to be suturable during the intraoperative evaluation. Patients with Tönnis grade 2 or grade 3 hip osteoarthritis and those who had undergone a previous hip surgery were excluded. All patients were evaluated using the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) during the final appointment before surgery, 4 months after surgery and at the final evaluation. Interviews were conducted by the senior surgeon.ResultsEighty-four patients (90 hips) underwent arthroscopic repair. The mean age was 44.2 years and the mean follow-up period was 43.0 months (minimum of 25 months and maximum of 59 months). The mean mHHS was 80.4 preoperatively, 95.0 at 4 months postoperatively and 96.6 at final evaluation. A statistically significant difference existed among these scores (p<0.001).ConclusionArthroscopic labral repair was associated with a clinically significant improvement in mHHS after short-term (4 months) and medium-term (43 months) follow-up.Level of evidenceLevel IV, therapeutic case series.
Risk profile for drowning deaths in children in the Indian state of Bihar: results from a population-based study
Authors: Dandona Rakhi , Kumar G Anil , George Sibin , Kumar Amit , Dandona Lalit 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundWe report on incidence of drowning deaths and related contextual factors in children from a population-based study in the Indian state of Bihar which estimated the causes of death using verbal autopsy (VA).MethodsInterviews were conducted for deaths in 1–14 years population that occurred from January 2012 to March 2014 in 109 689 households (87.1% participation) in 1017 clusters representative of the state. The Population Health Metrics Research Consortium shortened VA questionnaire was used for interview and cause of death was assigned using the SmartVA automated algorithm. The annualised unintentional drowning death incidence, activity prior to drowning, the body of water where drowning death had occurred and contextual information are reported.FindingsThe survey covered 224 077 children aged 1–14 years. Drowning deaths accounted for 7.2%, 12.5% and 5.8% of all deaths in 1–4, 5–9 and 10–14 years age groups, respectively. The adjusted incidence of drowning deaths was 14.3 (95% CI 14.0 to 14.7) per 100 000 children, with it being higher in urban (16.1, 95% CI 14.8 to 17.3) areas. Nearly half of the children drowned in a river (5.9, 95% CI 5.6 to 6.1) followed by in a pond (2.8, 95% CI 2.6 to 2.9). Drowning death incidence was the highest while playing (5.1, 95% CI 4.9 to 5.4) and bathing (4.0, 95% CI 3.8 to 4.2) with the former accounting for more deaths in 1–4 years age group. Sixty per cent of children were already dead when found. None of these deaths were reported to the civil registration system to obtain death certificate.InterpretationThe findings from this large representative sample of children document the magnitude of and variations in unintentional drowning deaths in Bihar. Urgent targeted drowning interventions are needed to address the risk in children. Gross under-reporting of drowning deaths in children in India needs attention.
School Area Road Safety Assessment and Improvements (SARSAI) programme reduces road traffic injuries among children in Tanzania
Authors: Poswayo Ayikai , Kalolo Simon , Rabonovitz Katheryn , Witte Jeffrey , Guerrero Alejandro 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo determine the impact of a paediatric road traffic injury (RTI) prevention programme in urban Sub-Saharan Africa.SettingDares Salaam, Republic of Tanzania.MethodsHousehold surveys were conducted in catchment areas around 18 primary schools in Dar es Salaam, Republic of Tanzania; the catchment areas were divided into control and intervention groups. Collected data included basic demographic information on all school-aged household members and whether or not they had been involved in an RTI in the previous 12 months, and, if so, what the characteristics of that RTI were. Based on these findings, a separate road safety engineering site analysis and consultation with the communities and other stakeholders, an injury-prevention programme was developed and implemented, consisting of infrastructure enhancements and a site-specific educational programme. The programme was initially implemented at the intervention schools. After 1 year, data were collected in the same manner. The control group received the same intervention after follow-up data were collected.ResultsData were collected on 12 957 school-aged children in the baseline period and 13 555 school-aged children in the post-intervention period, in both the control and intervention communities. There was a statistically significant reduction in RTIs in the intervention group and a non-significant increase in RTI in the control group. The greatest reduction was in motorcycle–pedestrian RTI, private vehicle–pedestrian RTI and morning RTI.ConclusionThe programme demonstrated a significant reduction in paediatric RTI after its implementation, in very specific ways. This study demonstrates that for a reasonable investment, scientifically driven injury-prevention programmes are feasible in resource-limited settings with high paediatric RTI rates.
Preliminary study into the skeletal injuries sustained to the spine from posterior non-perforating ballistic impacts into body armour
Authors: Jennings Rosalind M , Malbon C , Brock F , Harrisson S E , Carr D J 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThe aim of this paper was to examine any injuries from posterior behind armour blunt trauma ballistic impacts directly over the spine onto typical hard body armours. Due to the spine being close to the surface of the skin and a lack of any previous specific research into this topic, this study was designed to gain preliminary insight into the mechanisms involved and injuries caused. Pigs were chosen as the closest representative of human spine, tissue and skin, although their spines are deeper under the surface than humans. Baseline spine and ribs shots were conducted to ensure that the study was effective.MethodThis study used a 65 kg cadaveric pig eviscerated torso and 7.62 NATO ammunition (7.62×51; L2A2; mean velocity=838 m/s, SD=4 m/s) impacting hard body armour plates over the spine. Injuries were inspected, and sections were removed for X-ray and micro-CT assessment.ResultsThere was no visible soft tissue damage under the impact point on the armour over the spine, and no bony injuries were reported. Baseline rib shots resulted in multiple rib fractures; some showed minimal displacement of the bone. Baseline spine shot resulted in damage across the spine involving spinal cord and bone.ConclusionNo injuries were noted from the spinal impacts, and the rib shots resulted in injuries consistent with those previously reported. The anatomical differences between pigs and humans does not preclude that bony injuries could occur in a human from these types of spinal ballistic impacts.
Stent and flow diverter assisted treatment of acutely ruptured brain aneurysms
Authors: Cohen José E , Gomori J Moshe , Leker Ronen R , Spektor Sergey , Abu El Hassan Hosni , Itshayek Eyal 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveWe present our experience with stent techniques in the management of acutely ruptured aneurysms, focusing on aneurysm occlusion rates, intraprocedural complications, and late outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients treated by stent techniques during the early acute phase of aneurysmal rupture, from June 2011 to June 2016. Patients who underwent stenting for the management of unruptured aneurysms, or in a delayed fashion for a ruptured lesion, were excluded.Results47 patients met inclusion criteria, including 46 with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There were 27 men and 20 women, mean age 38 years (range 23–73). They harbored 71 aneurysms, including 56 treated in the acute phase. Aneurysmal dome and neck width averaged 4.7 mm (range 1.7–12.1) and 3.2 mm (range 1.5–7.1), respectively. Single stent techniques were used in 39 patients and dual stent techniques in 17. External ventricular drains (EVDs) were placed before embolization in 35 patients (92%) and after in 3. Intraprocedure thromboembolic complications due to a hyporesponse to antiplatlets in 4 patients (8.5%) were successfully managed with intra-arterial antiplatelet agents. In 45 surviving patients (96%), there was complete aneurysm occlusion at the 9–12 month follow-up in 26/29 aneurysms treated by stent-assisted coiling (90%), in 2/3 aneurysms treated by flow diverter-assisted coiling (66%), and in 19/22 aneurysms treated by flow diverter alone (86%); 42/45 patients (93%) presented with a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2.ConclusionStenting techniques in ruptured aneurysms can be performed with good technical success; however, procedural thromboembolic complications related to the antiplatelet strategy merit investigation. EVD placement before stenting must be considered.
Cancer incidence among merchant seafarers: an extended follow-up of a Danish cohort
Authors: Ugelvig Petersen Kajsa , Volk Julie , Kaerlev Linda , Lyngbeck Hansen Henrik , Hansen Johnni 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesWhile maritime safety generally has improved dramatically over the last century, modern seafarers are still faced with numerous occupational hazards potentially affecting their risk of chronic diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study is to offer updated information on the incidence of specific cancers among both male and female seafarers.MethodsUsing records from the Danish Seafarer Registry, all seafarers employed on Danish ships during 1986–1999 were identified, resulting in a cohort of 33 084 men and 11 209 women. Information on vital status and cancer was linked to each member of the cohort from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Cancer Registry using the unique Danish personal identification number. SIRs were estimated for specific cancers using national rates.ResultsThe overall incidence of cancer was increased for both male and female seafarers (SIR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.23, and SIR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.22) compared with the general population. This excess was primarily driven by increases in gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary cancers. In addition, male seafarers working in areas with asbestos exposure showed significantly increased risk of mesothelioma. Finally, the male seafarers had an increased risk of lip cancer.ConclusionsThe majority of cancers among seafarers continue to be lifestyle-related. However, occupational exposure to asbestos and ultraviolet radiation seems to affect the cancer pattern among the male seafarers as well.
HBV and HCV test uptake and correlates among men who have sex with men in China: a nationwide cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Fitzpatrick Thomas , Pan Stephen W , Tang Weiming , Guo Wilson , Tucker Joseph D 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, including China. WHO guidelines recommend men who have sex with men (MSM) receive HBV and HCV screening. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of MSM in China who have HBV and HCV tested and identify correlates of test uptake.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey of young MSM in China. Respondents were asked to report previous HBV and HCV testing, sociodemographic information, sexual risk factors for hepatitis infection, other STI testing and primary care physician (PCP) status. Associations were analysed by logistic regression.Results503 eligible MSM completed the survey. 41.0% (206/503) of MSM had HCV tested, and 38.2% (60/157) of MSM with no or uncertain HBV vaccination had HBV tested. In multivariate analysis, HCV testing was correlated with HBV testing (adjusted OR (aOR) 22.98, 95% CI 12.11 to 43.60), HIV testing (aOR 3.64, 95% CI 1.92 to 6.91), HIV-positive status (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.98) and having a PCP (aOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.98). Among MSM with no or uncertain HBV vaccination, HBV testing was correlated with HCV testing (aOR 80.85, 95% CI 20.80 to 314.33), HIV testing (aOR 5.26, 95% CI 1.81 to 15.28), HIV-positive status (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.22 to 7.37) and having a PCP (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.00 to 7.26).ConclusionsOur data suggest many young MSM in China have not received hepatitis testing. HCV testing rates were lower than those recently reported among MSM in Australia and the USA. The strong correlation between HBV and HCV testing suggests bundled testing interventions may be useful for MSM in China. Men with a PCP were more likely to have received hepatitis testing, consistent with literature demonstrating the importance of primary care in expanding access to testing.
Archibald Geikie as a glacial geologist
Authors: Worsley Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
During the decade commencing in the mid-1850s there was a paradigm shift in Britain from the hypothesis of glacial submergence in association with sediment-laden icebergs to one of terrestrial glaciation as the explanation of lowland ‘Drift’ terrain. During this period, as a rising junior Geological Survey of Great Britain geologist, Archibald Geikie was in the vanguard of this crusade. His field mapping of the drift-covered central valley area of Scotland identified sediments and bedrock surfaces which he could not adequately explain by a submergence mechanism. His Survey line manager was ‘Local Director’ A. C. Ramsay (also spelt Ramsey), the leading British glacial geologist of his time. Ramsay supported the new hypothesis, but it was opposed by Sir Roderick Murchison the Survey Director. Eventually, in 1865, Geikie gained first-hand experience of current glacial processes in Arctic Norway during an expedition which he organized and led. His companions were Survey colleagues, his brother James Geikie and William Whitaker. They jointly concluded that land-ice glaciation held the key to interpreting the ‘Drift’. All three were to gain prominence in British geology but only James became an internationally recognized ice-age geologist.