bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentraxin 3 promotes cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells through JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Hua , Jiang Qixia , Ju Zhiguo , Guan Shaofeng , He Ben 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, requiring the development of new therapeutic strategies including stem cell therapy. Pentraxins (PTXs) are a superfamily of proteins highly involved in different myocardial disorders, and thus this study aimed to identify the modulation of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) toward cardiomyocytes. Cell toxicity of PTX3 was detected by MTT and LDH assays in mESCs. Embryoid bodies (EBs) were differentiated using hanging drop method, and the beating was observed under microscope. Expressional levels of early cardiac progenitor marker genes were assessed by qRT‐PCR. Expression of marker proteins in early myocardial development and the activation of JNK signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blot. PTX3 treatment at 50 ng/mL significantly promoted the expression of cardiac‐specific marker genes including Nkx2.5, Mef2c, Tbx5, dHand, and αMHC, and increased the expression of cardiac maturity indicative markers including connexin 43 and troponin C1. PTX3 enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK across the incubation duration, whereas the activation of p38 remained the same as control group. Co‐treatment of JNK signaling pathway inhibitor SP600125 impaired the PTX3‐promoted transcription of Nkx2.5, Mef2c, Tbx5, dHand, and αMHC. This study revealed the promotion of PTX3 in the differentiation of mESCs into cardiomyocytes and the underlying mechanism.
Airway foreign body manifested as a coin lesion
Authors: Nishinaga Yuko , Miyazaki Shinichi , Yamashita Ryo , Ikeda Takuya 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageForeign body aspiration is a potentially life‐threatening event. The nature of the inhaled objects is highly variable, ranging from organic to inorganic material. Although most pills are radiolucent, lanthanum carbonate is radiopaque and may be identified on chest X‐rays.
Facile Fabrication of Nickel/Heazlewoodite@Carbon Nanosheets and their Superior Catalytic Performance of 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Lu Jing , Zhao Yunlong , Wang Xiaopeng , Lin Zhang , Liu Xueming , Wu Ronglan , Yang Chao , Su Xintai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA facile molten salt method was utilized for the synthesis of carbon anchored nickel/heazlewoodite nanoparticles (Ni/Ni3S2@C nanosheets) with potassium humate as the carbon and sulfur source and NaCl as template. The morphology, particle size and crystallinity of the products were characterized by various techniques containing TEM, FE‐SEM and XRD. Furthermore, the mesoporous Ni/Ni3S2@C own easy accessibility of active sites and high surface area (149.04 m2 g−1). Thus, the as‐prepared Ni/Ni3S2@C exhibited prominent performance for catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). Catalytic reduction of other nitrophenols (NPs) were also tested which can prove that the catalyst own selectivity on reduction of NPs. For durability, the property of the catalyst does not decrease obviously after five cycles. More significant correlations concerning effect of activation parameters (Ea=37.21 kJ mol−1) on 4‐NP reduction were scrutinized and discussed. Hence, we provide a facile method for fabrication of metal/metal sulfide@C which own better dispersity, small dimension and excellent catalytic performance for further studies.
Bioconjugation with Maleimides: A Useful Tool for Chemical Biology
Authors: Ravasco João M. J. M. , Faustino Hélio , Trindade Alexandre , Gois Pedro M. P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMaleimide chemistry stands out in the bioconjugation toolbox by virtue of its synthetic accessibility, excellent reactivity, and practicability. The second‐generation of clinically approved antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) and much of the current ADC pipeline in clinical trials contain the maleimide linkage. However, thiosuccinimide linkages are now known to be less robust than once thought, and ergo, are correlated with suboptimal pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles in some ADC constructs. Rational design of novel generations of maleimides and maleimide‐type reagents have been reported to address the shortcomings of classical maleimides, allowing for the formation of robust bioconjugate linkages. This review highlights the main strategies for rational reagent design that have allowed irreversible bioconjugations in cysteines, reversible labelling strategies and disulfide re‐bridging.
Direct Synthesis of Heavy Grignard Reagents: Challenges, Limitations, and Derivatization
Authors: Koch Alexander , Dufrois Quentin , Wirgenings Marino , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Etienne Michel , Pohnert Georg , Westerhausen Matthias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe direct synthesis of organocalcium compounds (heavy Grignard reagents) by the reduction of organyl halides with activated calcium powder succeeded in a straightforward manner for organic bromides and iodides that are bound at sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms. Extension of this strategy to alkyl halides was very limited, and only the reduction of trialkylsilylmethyl bromides and iodides with activated calcium allowed the isolation of the corresponding heavy Grignard reagents. Substitution of only one hydrogen atom of the methylene moiety by a phenyl or methyl group directed this reduction toward the Wurtz‐type coupling and the formation of calcium halide and the corresponding C−C coupling product. The stability of the methylcalcium and benzylcalcium derivatives in ethereal solvents suggests an unexpected reaction behavior of the intermediate organyl halide radical anions. Quantum chemical calculations verify a dependency between the ease of preparative access to organocalcium complexes and the C−I bond lengths of the organyl iodides. The bulkiness of the trialkylsilyl group is of minor importance. Chloromethyltrimethylsilane did not react with activated calcium; however, halogen‐exchange reactions allowed the isolation of [Ca(CH2SiMe3)(thf)3(μ‐Cl)]2. Furthermore, the metathetical approach of reacting [Ca(CH2SiMe3)I(thf)4] with KN(SiMe3)2 and the addition of N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (pmdeta) allowed the isolation of heteroleptic [CaCH2SiMe3{N(SiMe3)2}(pmdeta)]. In the reaction of this derivative with phenylsilane, the trimethylsilylmethyl group proved to be more reactive than the bis(trimethylsilyl)amido substituent.
A Multiaddressable Dyad with Switchable Cyan/Magenta/Yellow Colors for Full‐Color Rewritable Paper
Authors: Qin Tianyou , Han Jiaqi , Geng Yue , Ju Le , Sheng Lan , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Lan Sheng and Sean Xiao‐An Zhang at the Jilin University. The image depicts a multicolor rewritable printer in action. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201801692.
Polyoxometalate‐Decorated g‐C3N4‐Wrapping Snowflake‐Like CdS Nanocrystal for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhai Xue‐Li , Liu Jiang , Hu Ling‐Yun , Bao Jian‐Chun , Lan Ya‐Qian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen evolution technology is recognized as a promising approach to relieving the growing energy crisis. Therefore, the development of a stable high‐performance photocatalyst has long been the focus of research. In this work, quaternary composite materials involving a snowflake‐like CdS nanocrystal wrapped by different amounts of polyoxometalate‐decorated g‐C3N4 and polypyrrole (GPP@CdS) have been synthesized as photocatalysts for hydrogen production under visible‐light irradiation. It has been revealed that the best composite (40 % GPP@CdS composite) exhibits hydrogen production activity of 1321 μmol, which exceeds that of CdS by a factor of more than two, and can be used in at least seven cycles with negligible loss of activity. The enhanced photocatalytic performance has been primarily attributed to the efficient synergy of CdS, g‐C3N4, polypyrrole (PPy), and the polyoxometalate Ni4(PW9)2. It should be noted that the introduction of PPy and g‐C3N4 into the title composite simultaneously promotes electron/hole pair separation and photocatalytic stability, whereas Ni4(PW9)2 serves as an efficient electron modulator and extra catalytic active site.
Recent Progress in the Production, Application and Evaluation of Oxymethylene Ethers
Authors: Hackbarth Kathrin , Haltenort Philipp , Arnold Ulrich , Sauer Jörg 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo counteract greenhouse gas and other harmful emissions, ambitious regulatory measures with respect to energy generation, supply and consumption have been set. In the fuel sector, successive substitution of common fossil fuels by non‐fossil ones is a promising option to meet the respective demands. Regarding diesel fuels, the use of oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) has been proposed. Especially OMEs of the type CH3O(CH2O)nCH3 (n = 3 – 5) exhibit properties that are similar to common diesel fuel and formation of soot and NOx is drastically reduced during combustion. Within this work, recent progress regarding production, application and evaluation of OMEs is summarized and discussed.
Determinants of outcomes following outpatient placement of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in a Medicare Advantage population
Authors: Rogstad Teresa L. , Powell Adam C. , Song Yongjia , Cordier Tristan , Price Stephen E. , Long James W. , Deshmukh Uday U. , Simmons Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundRecipients of ICD are likely to have several risk factors that could interfere with successful use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).HypothesisAge, sex, and factors indicated in claims are associated with one‐year mortality and complications after ICD placement.MethodsAdult Medicare Advantage patients who underwent outpatient ICD implantation from January 2014 to September 2015 were included. Age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), prior year hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visit, diabetes, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and indicators of the need for pacing were evaluated as risk factors. Mortality and device‐related complications (lead and nonlead) were assessed at one‐year post‐procedure using Kaplan‐Meier and Cox Proportional Hazard analysis.ResultsAmong 8450 patients who underwent implantation, 1‐year event‐free survival was 80.1%, based on an overall composite measure of complications and mortality. Adjusted survival analysis showed that age ≥ 65, male sex, incremental increase in CCI, heart failure, prior year hospitalization, ED visit, and prior year pacing procedure were significant predictors of mortality. Age ≥ 65, male sex, and prior year hospitalization were significant predictors of a composite measure of device‐related complications. CCI and prior hospitalization were significant predictors of a composite measure of any adverse outcome.ConclusionsResults suggest most patients in an older population do not experience adverse outcomes in the year following ICD implantation. The risk of mortality may be greater in men, patients over the age of 65, and patients with greater general morbidity, heart failure, or a history of a pacing procedure.
Global fire history of grassland biomes
Authors: Leys Berangere A. , Marlon Jennifer R. , Umbanhowar Charles , Vannière Boris 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGrasslands are globally extensive; they exist in many different climates, at high and low elevations, on nutrient‐rich and nutrient‐poor soils. Grassland distributions today are closely linked to human activities, herbivores, and fire, but many have been converted to urban areas, forests, or agriculture fields. Roughly 80% of fires globally occur in grasslands each year, making fire a critical process in grassland dynamics. Yet, little is known about the long‐term history of fire in grasslands. Here, we analyze sedimentary archives to reconstruct grassland fire histories during the Holocene. Given that grassland locations change over time, we compare several charcoal‐based fire reconstructions based on alternative classification schemes: (a) sites from modern grassland locations; (b) sites that were likely grasslands during the mid‐Holocene; and (c) sites based on author‐derived classifications. We also compare fire histories from grassland sites, forested sites, and all sites globally over the past 12,000 years. Forested versus grassland sites show different trends: grassland burning increased from the early to mid‐Holocene, reaching a maximum about 8000–6000 years ago, and subsequently declined, reaching a minimum around 4000 years ago. In contrast, biomass burning in forests increased during the Holocene until about 2000 years ago. Continental grassland fire history reconstructions show opposing Holocene trends in North versus South America, whereas grassland burning in Australia was highly variable in the early Holocene and much more stable after the mid‐Holocene. The sharp differences in continental as well as forest versus grassland Holocene fire history trajectories have important implications for our understanding of global biomass burning and its emissions, the global carbon cycle, biodiversity, conservation, and land management.
Improvement of Electrochemical Performance of Nickel Rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode by Lithium Aluminates Surface Modifications
Authors: Wu Jianxin , Tan Xinghua , Zhang Jiangtao , Guo Limin , Jiang Yi , Liu Shengnan , Zhao Tingqiao , Liu Yanlin , Ren Juncong , Wang Hanfu , Kang Xiaohong , Chu Weiguo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNi‐rich layered compounds are very promising cathodes for lithium ion batteries whose surface modifications are normally required. As excellent lithium‐conducting solid electrolytes lithium aluminates such as LiAlO2 are expected to have an important role to play as a candidate for surface modifications. Here, Ni‐rich layered LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM) coated by lithium aluminates with different nominal weight percentages was prepared using a sol‐gel method. Lithium aluminates are found to be a mixture of major LiAlO2 and minor Li5AlO4. The coatings almost have no influence on the size and morphology of NCM particles, and however favor the order degree of structure and change the surface states. The electrical conductivity and charge transfer resistance can be optimized by controlling the amount of lithium aluminates. The cycling stability at low rates such as 1 C tends to increase with the amount of lithium aluminates whereas the rate capability can be achieved at certain amount, which is probably related to the enhancement of electrical conductivity and the improved surface protection against the erosion by electrolyte. This study reveals that the performances of NCM can be significantly improved and tailored by controlling the amount of lithium aluminates.
Application of chemical looping air separation for MILD oxy‐combustion in the supercritical power plant with CO2 capture
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Hu Jun , Sun Zhao , Xiang Wenguo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemical looping air separation (CLAS) is a novel and promising technology for oxygen production. This paper presents the application of CLAS to the supercritical power plant for MILD oxy‐combustion. Compared with the reference conventional supercritical power plant, the power generation efficiency of the CLAS integrated MILD oxy‐combustion plant is only reduced by about ~1.37% points at the baseline case. CO2 compression process imposes additional ~3.97% points efficiency penalty, which is inevitable to all of the CO2 capture technologies. The net power efficiency of the CLAS integrated MILD oxy‐combustion plant is ~37.37%. Even though a higher reduction reactor temperature could boost the power efficiency and a higher oxidization reactor temperature reversely decreases the power efficiency, the influence of reactor temperature is marginal. The performance of CLAS integrated MILD oxy‐combustion plant is not sensitive to excess CO2 and O2 ratio. Different oxygen carriers have different suitable operating region, but possess similar power efficiency. The carbon capture rate of the CLAS integrated MILD oxy‐combustion plant is up to ~100%, resulting in a virtually carbon‐free fossil power plant.
Der Vorhang fällt nie
Authors: Leonhardt Nic 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWie erforscht und erzählt man globale Theatergeschichte? Ein Münchner Reinhart Koselleck‐Projekt nutzt auch ungewöhnliche Quellen wie Passanträge und Passagierlisten für einen grenzüberschreitenden Blick auf das flüchtige performative Business.
Geochronology and petrogenesis of Neoproterozoic S‐type granites from the Qilian Block, north‐west China, and their geological implications
Authors: Liu Xiuting , Ren Erfeng , Li Binkai , Du Yongsheng , Gao Donglin , Ren Qianhui , Gao Liang 
Published: August 2018

Early Neoproterozoic granites rarely outcrop in the Qilian Orogenic Belt (QOB) at the north‐eastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau; however, they are vital to understanding the Precambrian evolution of the QOB. Thus, we present an integrated study, comprising petrology, geochronology, and whole‐rock geochemistry of two Early Neoproterozoic granitic plutons (Baihuagou and Yamacha plutons) in the eastern Qilian Block (QB). The results provide three key findings. First, their magma emplacement age isca. 900 Ma (i.e., 918 Ma for Baihuagou and 910 Ma for Yamacha), and the two plutons have similar high‐K calc‐alkaline, strongly peraluminous characteristics, with slight enrichment in light rare earth elements; weak negative Eu anomalies; enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements (e.g., K, Th, Ba, and Rb); strong depletion in Ti; and weak depletion in Nb, Ta, and, Sr. These characteristics indicate that the granites from these plutons are S‐type granites. Second, the two‐mica granite and gneissic granite samples may have been formed by partial melting of ancient crustal material (mainly psammitic rocks), with contributions from a meta‐igneous component, under high‐temperature and low‐pressure conditions. Third, new data from this study, combined with previously reported dates, indicate a continental margin arc setting for the QB during the Early Neoproterozoic (ca. 900 Ma).
Who pays for the medical costs of obesity? New evidence from the employer mandate
Authors: Lennon Conor 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTheory suggests that the medical costs of obesity should be passed on to obese workers, in the form of lower wages, whenever health coverage is a part of employee compensation. In contrast to existing work on this topic, this paper illustrates that the medical expenditures caused by obesity among working adults are relatively small and that wage offsets should therefore be difficult to detect. The paper supports this claim by exploiting the variation provided by the Affordable Care Act's employer mandate. Findings suggest that obese workers tend to bear the approximate cost of their medical expenditures via lower wages. However, the observed effects are often insignificantly different from zero.
Study of the factors causing medical disputes in a Third‐Level Grade A Hospital in Shanghai
Authors: Liu Yu , Bai Yonghai , Wang Pei , Xu Zhongliang 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveBy analyzing cases of medical disputes occurred in one of top hospitals in Shanghai from 2012 to 2014, the paper tries to determine the causes and cures of the disputes based on relevant national and international experience.MethodsA cluster sample of medical disputes occurred in the hospital from 2012 to 2014 was selected, to which logistic regression analysis was applied in order to determine the factors causing medical disputes.ResultsInadequate experience in dealing with unexpected incidents (P = 0.002), violation of routine procedures for diagnosis and treatment (P = 0.004), and therapeutic effects (P = 0.007) were found to be statistically significant.ConclusionMedical disputes in the hospital would be substantially reduced by taking such measures as strengthening trainings on how to deal with unexpected incidents for medical staff, standardizing procedures for clinical practices, and improving the therapeutic effects of various diseases.
Prevalence and associated factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension in Nepal: Analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Kibria Gulam Muhammed Al , Swasey Krystal , Sharmeen Atia , Sakib Muhammad Nazmus , Burrowes Vanessa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesHypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and develops faster among pre‐hypertensive individuals. However, there is a lack of nationally representative studies that investigate the prevalence and determinants of these two conditions in many developing countries, including Nepal. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of pre‐hypertension and hypertension in Nepal.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional analysis used data from the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, collected from June 2016 to January 2017. After calculating the weighted prevalence (with 95% confidence interval [CI]), simple and multivariable analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios.ResultsA total of 14 857 individuals (6247 males and 8610 females) aged ≥15 years who had their blood pressure measured during the survey were included in this study. The prevalence for pre‐hypertension and hypertension were 26.0% (95% CI: 25.3‐26.3, n = 3856) and 19.5% (95% CI: 18.8‐20.2, n = 2899), respectively. The prevalence of both conditions was greater among males. In multivariable analyses, older age, male sex, higher body mass index, and residents of Provinces 4 and 5 had significantly increased odds of pre‐hypertension and hypertension (P < .05). Additionally, higher education level was found to be positively associated with hypertension.ConclusionsThe combined higher prevalence of pre‐hypertension and hypertension indicates that nearly half (45.5%) of the respondents are at a greater risk of cardiovascular and other non‐communicable diseases due to these two conditions. Older people, males, obese people, and individuals living in Provinces 4 and 5 require more awareness to control blood pressure levels.
Social capital in enabling quality health care: The case of a telemedicine project in Nepal
Authors: Sein Maung Kyaw , Thapa Devinder 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInformation and Communication Technology (ICT) can play a crucial role in meeting multifaceted developmental challenges such as providing access to quality health care in developing countries. Initiatives such as telemedicine have been vital in bringing health care to marginalized groups in remote areas of such countries. While the implementation and effects of telemedicine projects have been studied in the literature, the actual mechanisms and conditions that facilitate the process have seldom been addressed. In this paper, we present an interpretive case study of a telemedicine project in a remote mountainous region of Nepal. Our findings indicate that it was the action of a group of focal actors who leveraged a supportive social capital that resulted in successfully bringing in quality health care to marginalized groups in these remote villages. Our findings reveal social capital as a facilitating condition through which ICT can play a crucial role in meeting developmental challenges such as quality health care.