bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tertiary nutrient removal from wastewater by immobilised microalgae: impact of wastewater nutrient characteristics and hydraulic retention time (HRT)
Authors: Whitton Rachel , Santinelli Martina , Pidou Marc , Ometto Francesco , Henderson Rita , Roddick Felicity , Jarvis Peter , Villa Raffaella , Jefferson Bruce 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Immobilising microalgal cells has been proposed as a process solution to overcome the barriers associated with the implementation of microalgae for wastewater remediation. This work evaluated the performance and remediation mechanisms of immobilised microalgae for continuous wastewater treatment under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT). Three domestic secondary wastewaters with differing concentrations of orthophosphate (PO4-P), ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) were treated by Scenedesmus obliquus immobilised within 2% calcium alginate. Trials were run in continuous operation at HRTs of 3, 6, 12 and 20 h. Removal rates for PO4-P improved with increasing HRT, with minimum residual concentrations of 0.3–3.1 mg·L−1 observed at 3 h and 0.01–0.2 mg·L−1 at 20 h. Ammonium remediation was not linked to HRT or NH4+ concentration with minimum residual concentrations of &lt;0.001 mg·L−1. Reduction in NO3-N improved with increasing HRT, with minimum residual concentrations of ≤19.3 at 3 h and ≤0.4 mg·L−1 at 20 h. Remediation was achieved through a combination of mechanisms including biological uptake and precipitation as a by-product of photosynthesis and nutrient metabolism. As such, immobilised microalgae have been proven to be an effective alternative solution for PO43− and NH4+ remediation of wastewater effluents at HRTs of 6–12 h.
Crimean Antiquities Seen through the Eyes of West-European Travelers of the Late 18th – Early 19th centuries
Authors: Храпунов Никита , Khrapunov Nikita 
Published: August 2018

The article examines various aspects of descriptions of the past and archeological sites of Crimea prepared by travelers that visited the peninsula in the first decades after its incorporation into Russia in 1783. It demonstrates that Crimea, which had previously been quite unknown to the European audience, became a popular place for educational trips – largely because of the unique concentration of the cultural heritage on its area. The analysis of the travelers’ notes showed that the foreigners had been attracted by monuments associated with the Ancient Greece and Rome, Scythians, Sarmatians and Tauridians, Crimean Goths and Byzantines, medieval Genovese colonies, the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate. The vogue of Crimea was boosted by the fashion for antiquity and fascination of the Europeans with the mysterious and romantic Islamic East.
The study unveils that the travelers created an extensive, though rather mixed set of sources, whose authors had different intellectual level and varying interests, found themselves in different life circumstances, pursued various objectives and worked in a range of genres. The study of the travel essays helped to reveal the unknown pages in the history of archeological studies of Crimea, specifically, the history of the search for the ancient Chersonese or discovery of the capital of the late Scythians. The paper shows the importance of the travelers’ sketches for the modern architectural and archeological research and restoration projects. It is detected that the travelers turned individual monuments into tourist attractions, created and communicated stereotypes and legends. It is demonstrated that some foreigners applied to the history and archeology of Crimea to back up their economic and political projects.
Emotional Geographies of an EFL Teacher in Asmat, Papua; Male Perspective
Authors: Rejeki Sri , Kristina Diah , Drajati Nur Arifah 
Published: August 2018

Teaching is not only about knowledge, cognition, and skill but also emotional relationships among the students, colleagues, and parents. Particularly for teaching English in rural areas in Indonesia, there are several challenges that should be handled: geographical feature of these area, their culture and the way of life, the quality of both students and teachers, and so on. This research paper investigates teacher emotions experienced by a male EFL teacher in one of rural areas while dealing with those challenges. Teacher emotions are one of significant aspect that could not be left behind in teaching and learning activity. This research will explore comprehensively the distance and closeness felt by the teacher while teaching English there. This qualitative research was conducted using a narrative case study approach. The data were collected from the participant’s journal and interview. Referring to Hargreaves framework, the findings reveal 5 emotional geographies of the participant. This research contributes to Indonesian government as the one that concerns in 3T areas, EFL teachers who have to handle complex situations while teaching, and other researchers who are interested in conducting emotional geographic research.
O conhecimento das imagens populares: psicologia social e experiência estética nos construtores e arquiteturas fantásticas.
Authors: Andriolo Arley 
Published: August 2018

O reconhecimento de objetos produzidos pelas classes populares como objetos de arte corresponde a um processo histórico situado entre os séculos XIX e XX. Aqueles objetos foram qualificados por termos como “revolucionário” e “anticapitalista”. Dentre as obras arquitetônicas, surgiram imagens inventivas e fantásticas, as quais concentram um problema acerca do conhecimento das imagens populares. O estudo dessa questão situa-se em dois campos entrecruzados: 1) o campo artístico, com seu habitus e suas regras; 2) o campo do folclore, com suas regras próprias. Em ambos, o conhecimento da imagem está limitado, pois não se discute o significado próprio da experiência e do seu imaginário originário. Este artigo procura examinar essa questão, cujo resultado é a proposição de três elementos fundamentais para o conhecimento da imagem, nos termos de arte, imaginação e experiência estética.
Planning Economic Contributions and Resource Allocation for Military Capability Development – The Case of Romania –
Authors: Dumitrache Vlad Ionuţ , Grosaru Florin Eduard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Wales Summit in 2014 has meant a shift in paradigm in terms of defense expenditures for NATO member states. This was the case not just because of the general consensus that at least 2 % of the national GDP would be spent on defense, but also because another stipulation was that from that 2 %, at least 20 % would go on equipment acquisition and procurement. With new requirements on expenditures new strategies for defense planning have been implementing. Connecting contributions to capabilities through resource management is a new challenge for MoDs of NATO Members States. It is the aim of this paper to analyze how the Romanian national MoND has developed its own capabilities since 2014 and how the options for the years to come look in terms of defense spending, defense planning and resource allocation
Experimental validation of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation for optimization of divers’s breathing apparatus
Authors: Stanciu Tamara , Scupi Andrei , Dinu Dumitru 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In order to optimize the breathing apparatus in the open circuit for divers, theoretical calculus and numerical simulation of resistances specific to the potential flow of gas through the studied circuit were made. Respiratory gas flow simulation through three constructive versions of the second stage pressure reducer intake mechanism was done after modeling the respiratory air circuit through the two main restrictors: the first variable (between the seat and the piston) and the second fixed (the hole in the cylindrical piston). The results regarding the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation have been validated by experimental testing of two of the studied models. Experimental measurements were made on a tester at the Diving Center of Constanta's Hyperbaric Laboratory. The volume flow rate of supplied respiratory gas was recorded, together with the inspire depression that opens the mechanism, until the maximum flow rate for each constructive version. After validating the results of the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation on the two models, the conclusion is the same: the resistance decreases if the geometry of the cylindrical hole in the piston (the second fixed restrictor) changes in a conical hole
Editorial for the special issue: “Novel Solutions or Novel Approaches in Operational Research”
Authors: Drobne Samo , Dumičić Ksenija , Zadnik Lidija 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Determining the location, boundaries and areas of land properties accurately in the land cadastre is essential. The named data are provided using coordinates, acquired from field measurements. Since 2008, the Slovenian land cadastre claims positioning in the national realization of the ETRS89, so the GNSS use is practically indispensable. Objectives: Contrary to real-time, we can change parameters in GNSS post-processing. The aim of this paper is to simulate different measurement conditions for GNSS in order to determine how to acquire the best possible coordinates for further use in land area calculation. Methods/Approach: Simulations of obstacles near points followed the increasing of the cut-off angle. Furthermore, shortening the observation interval resulted in different occupation duration. The final condition evaluation for coordinate quality acquisition followed from fuzzy logic. Results: The results show that for short baselines, occupation duration is the most important factor in acquiring high quality coordinates and avoiding the multipath. Differences in coordinates from specific strategies can sometimes exceed the tolerance and evidently affect the area calculation. Conclusions: The findings confirm that only good measurement conditions lead to high quality coordinates and well-defined areas of land properties, which are the fundamental factor in relation to the issues of property valuation and assessing land taxes or rents.
Neural Network Approach in Forecasting Realized Variance Using High-Frequency Data
Authors: Arnerić Josip , Poklepović Tea , Teai Juin Wen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Since high-frequency data have become available, an unbiased volatility estimator, i.e. realized variance (RV) can be computed. Commonly used models for RV forecasting suffer from strong persistence with a high sensitivity to the returns distribution assumption and they use only daily returns. Objectives: The main objective is measurement and forecasting of RV. Two approaches are compared: Heterogeneous AutoRegressive model (HAR-RV) and Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs). Even though HAR-RV-type models describe RV stylized facts very well, they ignore its nonlinear behaviour. Therefore, FNN-HAR-type models are developed. Methods/Approach: Firstly, an optimal sampling frequency with application to the DAX index is chosen. Secondly, in and out of sample predictions within HAR models and FNNs are compared using RMSE, AIC, the Wald test and the DM test. Weights of FNN-HAR-type models are estimated using the BP algorithm. Results: The optimal sampling frequency of RV is 10 minutes. Within HAR-type models, HAR-RV-J has better, but not significant, forecasting performances, while FNN-HAR-J and FNNLHAR- J have significantly better predictive accuracy in comparison to the FNN-HAR model. Conclusions: Compared to the traditional ones, FNN-HAR-type models are better in capturing nonlinear behaviour of RV. FNN-HAR-type models have better accuracy compared to traditional HAR-type models, but only on the sample data, whereas their out-of-sample predictive accuracy is approximately equal.
Autonomous Sensor Data Cleaning in Stream Mining Setting
Authors: Kenda Klemen , Mladenić Dunja 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Internet of Things (IoT), earth observation and big scientific experiments are sources of extensive amounts of sensor big data today. We are faced with large amounts of data with low measurement costs. A standard approach in such cases is a stream mining approach, implying that we look at a particular measurement only once during the real-time processing. This requires the methods to be completely autonomous. In the past, very little attention was given to the most time-consuming part of the data mining process, i.e. data pre-processing. Objectives: In this paper we propose an algorithm for data cleaning, which can be applied to real-world streaming big data. Methods/Approach: We use the short-term prediction method based on the Kalman filter to detect admissible intervals for future measurements. The model can be adapted to the concept drift and is useful for detecting random additive outliers in a sensor data stream. Results: For datasets with low noise, our method has proven to perform better than the method currently commonly used in batch processing scenarios. Our results on higher noise datasets are comparable. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a successful application of the proposed method in real-world scenarios including the groundwater level, server load and smart-grid data
Energy Consumption as an Indicator of Hidden Economy: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Novkovska Blagica , Dumičić Ksenija 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Hidden economy presents a major concern for all national economies, particularly for those of developing countries. Objectives: In this work, methods for determination of the size of hidden economy are discussed. Particular attention is devoted to the methods using electricity consumption as an indicator (the Lackó method and the Kaufmann and Kaliberda method). Methods/Approach: The modified Lackó method adapted for a single country and the sophisticated Kaufmann and Kaliberda method have been used. Results: It has been shown that such methods are effective in measurement of the hidden economy extent in small open economies exposed to severe external influences. The article presents results for Macedonia and their comparison with results for Croatia, as a good role-model for other states in Western Balkans. Conclusions: Model methods involving energy consumption are particularly efficient in determination of the size of the hidden economic sector in small open economies as those of the Western Balkan countries
Temperature Monitoring of Marsh Landscapes and Development of Exogenous Processes in the West Siberian Plain (Russia)
Authors: Korkin Sergey , Korkina Elena , Kail Elena 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The research touches upon marsh landscapes in the context of temperature monitoring and in connection with exogenous processes during engineering intervention. The monitoring of temperature regimes was conducted in the mid-taiga subzone of marsh landscapes for revealing the dynamics of exogenous processes. The authors used the method of recording systems for the field measurement of the temperature of the peat and underlying soils. The measurements were conducted on a territory that belongs to the middle taiga landscapes of Western Siberia. The authors of the research analyze the data obtained from thermowells 5, 5a and 6. During the observation period of 2015-2016, the average annual temperature was 8.3 ºC for thermowell 5a (technogenic area), which is 3.8 ºC and 4.2 ºC higher than the average annual values of thermowell 5 and thermowell 6 respectively. The latter belongs to natural marsh landscapes. Observations conducted in 2016-2017 confirmed this fact with a difference of 4.8 ºC and 3.7 ºC for thermowells 5 and 6 respectively. As compared to natural marsh landscapes not affected by man-made impact, a higher temperature was observed on soils, which affects the manifestation of exogenous processes.
Sequential extraction of carbonaceous siltstone rock for multi-element analysis by ICP OES
Authors: Junussov Medet , Mádai Ferenc , Olivér Bánhidi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The carbonaceous siltstone rock material is a disseminated sulfide-rich sedimentary rock from a sediment-hosted gold deposit of Bakyrchik. The Bakyrchik deposit is located in Eastern Kazakhstan, which includes in Qalba gold province. The main purpose of this paper is a demonstration on chemical extraction of heavy metals from the carbonaceous siltstone rock and detection of its elemental concentrations. In the work was used a rock sample from the deposit which is a sericizited carbonaceous-siltstone rock. In sequential extraction method was selected four stages such as water soluble fraction (reaction with deionized water) for extraction of water soluble metals, reducible metal fraction (reaction with hydroxyl ammonium chloride) for extracting all reducible metals, organics and sulfides (reaction with hydrogen peroxide) for dissolution of organics and copper sulfide, and extraction of metal oxides and residual fraction (reaction with aqua regia) for extracting of all remaining metals.
The paper comprises analytical methods for research outlooks. They are X-Ray Diffraction (determination of mineralogical composition), X-Ray Fluorescence (determination of chemical composition) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (determination of heavy metal concentrations).
Data rate profiles of coded/uncoded power line channel with single-carrier/multicarrier modulation techniques
Authors: Adebisi Samuel , Oyetunji Samson A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The power-line communication (PLC) technique involves sending information through an electrical conductor for a commercial or domestic purpose. Lately, electronic means of communication have gained popularity for the transfer of information. Conversely, there is an increased requirement for more transmission media, like the use of power line as a communication channel for remote data delivery. This paper focuses on determining the data rate profile achievable using the single-carrier/multicarrier modulation techniques with Reed- Solomon concatenated convolutional (RS-CC) codes for data transmission through a power line channel. In this investigation, MATLAB/SIMULINK was used to explore a low-voltage power line as a communication channel for high data transmission rate. Data transmission was accomplished by utilizing a parametric model of a power line channel with the different kinds of noise considered in the simulation. In the designed power-line communication (PLC) system, single-carrier modulation offered a maximum of 14.4 Mbps reduction in the data rate when the uncoded 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) was compared to coded 64-QAM with 1/2 forward error correction (FEC). In the OFDM power-line communication (PLC) system, the decrease in the data rate was maximal at 39 Mbps when the uncoded 16-QAM was contrasted with the 16-QAM having 1/2 FEC. It was evident that the increased code rate of the PLC system using single-carrier and OFDM modulation implied increased data rate profiles
An attempt of finding an appropriate number of convolutional layers in cnns based on benchmarks of heterogeneous datasets
Authors: Romanuke Vadim V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An attempt of finding an appropriate number of convolutional layers in convolutional neural networks is made. The benchmark datasets are CIFAR-10, NORB and EEACL26, whose diversity and heterogeneousness must serve for a general applicability of a rule presumed to yield that number. The rule is drawn from the best performances of convolutional neural networks built with 2 to 12 convolutional layers. It is not an exact best number of convolutional layers but the result of a short process of trying a few versions of such numbers. For small images (like those in CIFAR-10), the initial number is 4. For datasets that have a few tens of image categories and more, initially setting five to eight convolutional layers is recommended depending on the complexity of the dataset. The fuzziness in the rule is not removable because of the required diversity and heterogeneousness
Digital Transformation of Business Models
Authors: Kotarba Marcin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The goal of the article is to present the scope of changes in the morphology of business models in contemporary organizations that took place in the recent decades, because of the massive technological development, framed under the concept of “digital transformation (DT).” An enhanced business model canvas concept is used as a base for presenting the changes, with a general time cutoff set in the year 2000. For the period before and after this measurement date, key elements of the business model and the drivers of their transformation are documented in a structured form and commented, together with practical conclusions and proposed further study areas
Klein-Beltrami Model. Part I
Authors: Coghetto Roland 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Tim Makarios (with Isabelle/HOL1) and John Harrison (with HOL-Light2) shown that “the Klein-Beltrami model of the hyperbolic plane satisfy all of Tarski’s axioms except his Euclidean axiom” [3], [4], [14], [5].
With the Mizar system [2], [7] we use some ideas are taken from Tim Makarios’ MSc thesis [13] for the formalization of some definitions (like the absolute) and lemmas necessary for the verification of the independence of the parallel postulate. This work can be also treated as further development of Tarski’s geometry in the formal setting [6]. Note that the model presented here, may also be called “Beltrami-Klein Model”, “Klein disk model”, and the “Cayley-Klein model” [1].
Diophantine sets. Preliminaries
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: August 2018

Summary
In this article, we define Diophantine sets using the Mizar formalism. We focus on selected properties of multivariate polynomials, i.e., functions of several variables to show finally that the class of Diophantine sets is closed with respect to the operations of union and intersection.
This article is the next in a series [1], [5] aiming to formalize the proof of Matiyasevich’s negative solution of Hilbert’s tenth problem.
β-Glucan and parasites
Authors: Vetvicka V. , Fernandez-Botran R. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Immunosuppression caused by parasitic infections represents the foremost way by which the parasites overcome or escape the host’s immune response. Glucan is a well-established natural immunomodulator with the ability to significantly improve immune system, from innate immunity to both branches of specific immunity. Our review is focused on the possible role of glucan’s action in antiparasite therapies and vaccine strategies. We concluded that the established action of glucan opens a new window in treatment and protection against parasitic infections.
Changes in salicylic acid content and pathogenesis - related (PR2) gene expression during barley - Pyrenophora teres interaction
Authors: Al-Daoude A. , Jawhar M. , Al-Shehadah E. , Shoaib A. , Orfi M. , Arabi M.I.E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Net blotch (NB), caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. teres, substantially reduces barley grain yield and quality worldwide. The role of salicylic acid (SA) signaling in NB resistance has been poorly documented. In this study, SA levels as well as the expression of the SA-responsive gene PR2 were monitored in infected leaves of two barley genotypes, Banteng (resistant) and WI2291 (susceptible), at different time points of infection. SA signaling was activated in bothgenotypes 24 hours post infection (hpi) as compared with non-inoculated plants. However, with or without pathogen pretreatment, SA signifi cantly increased (P=0.001) in Banteng comparing with WI2291. RT-PCR analysis revealed that PR2 expression increases in the resistant and susceptible genotypes over the inoculation time points, with maximum expression (6.4 and 1.99-fold, respectively) observed 6 dpi. PR2 expression was paralleled by an increase in leaf SA content as shown by the test coincidence (F3, 32 = 4.74, P = 0.001). Based on barley genotype resistance levels, our data strengthen the idea that SA signaling and PR2 play a role in barley NB reduction