bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology Controlling of All‐Inorganic Perovskite at Low Temperature for Efficient Rigid and Flexible Solar Cells
Authors: Rao Haixia , Ye Senyun , Gu Feidan , Zhao Ziran , Liu Zhiwei , Bian Zuqiang , Huang Chunhui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials owing to their superior thermal stability compared to traditional organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, the CsPbX3 perovskites generally need to be prepared at high‐temperature, which restricts their application in multilayer or flexible solar cells. Herein, the formation of CsPbX3 perovskites at room‐temperature (RT) induced by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) coordination is reported. It is further found that a RT solvent (DMSO) annealing (RTSA) treatment is valid to control the perovskite crystallization dynamics, leading to uniform and void‐free films, and consequently a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.4% in the device indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiO
x
/RT‐CsPbI2Br/C60/Bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag, which is, as far as it is known, the first report of RT solution‐processed CsPbX3‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, the efficiency can be boosted up to 10.4% by postannealing the RTSA‐treated perovskite film at an optimal temperature of 120 °C. Profiting from the moderate temperature, flexible PSCs are also demonstrated with a maximum PCE of 7.3% for the first time. These results may stimulate further development of all‐inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites and their application in flexible electronics.
Turner syndrome – The clinical spectrum and management dilemmas
Authors: Thayalan Krishanthy , Chung Kimberly , Kothari Alka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionTurner syndrome (TS) is a common sex chromosome disorder, with a varied clinical spectrum and prognosis. It may range from the complete phenotype of TS characterised by short stature, ovarian failure, cardiac and renal abnormalities, with milder variants often associated with mosaic TS.Materials and MethodsWe describe five cases of TS.ResultsIn case 1, complete TS was identified by first‐trimester screening with a grossly oedematous fetus at 11 weeks of gestation and underwent medical termination of pregnancy due to the dismal prognosis. In case 2, a hydropic fetus and large cystic hygromas were identified at routine second‐trimester morphology scan. Intra‐uterine fetal death was identified at 22 weeks of gestation and formal karyotype confirmed complete TS. Case 3 demonstrates the potential for a successful live birth of mosaic TS with mild neurocognitive and renal abnormalities. Case 4 demonstrates the ability for TS to go undetected until adolescence where the patient was diagnosed at 15 years of age during investigations for severe anaemia, identified as secondary to critical aortic stenosis and Heyde's syndrome. Case 5 highlights the potential for patients with TS to reproduce with assisted reproductive technology.DiscussionThese cases explore the prognostic spectrum of TS and highlight that they have a potential to lead productive and fulfilling lives.ConclusionConsequently, a multimodal risk stratification approach to prognostic counselling should be under‐taken with consideration of pertinent history, major sonographic abnormalities, maternal serum testing and invasive testing.
Cubosomes: The Next Generation of Smart Lipid Nanoparticles?
Authors: Barriga Hanna M. G. , Holme Margaret N. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCubosomes are highly stable nanoparticles formed from the lipid cubic phase and stabilized by a polymer based outer corona. Bicontinuous lipid cubic phases consist of a single lipid bilayer that forms a continuous periodic membrane lattice structure with pores formed by two interwoven water channels. Cubosome composition can be tuned to engineer pore sizes or include bioactive lipids, the polymer outer corona can be used for targeting and they are highly stable under physiological conditions. Compared to liposomes, the structure provides a significantly higher membrane surface area for loading of membrane proteins and small drug molecules. Owing to recent advances, they can be engineered in vitro in both bulk and nanoparticle formats with applications including drug delivery, membrane bioreactors, artificial cells, and biosensors. This review outlines recent advances in cubosome technology enabling their application and provides guidelines for the rational design of new systems for biomedical applications.
Swapping Interface Contacts in the Homodimeric tRNA‐Guanine Transglycosylase: An Option for Functional Regulation
Authors: Ehrmann Frederik Rainer , Kalim Jorna , Pfaffeneder Toni , Bernet Bruno , Hohn Christoph , Schäfer Elisabeth , Botzanowski Thomas , Cianférani Sarah , Heine Andreas , Reuter Klaus , Diederich François , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe enzyme tRNA‐guanine transglycosylase, a target to fight Shigellosis, recognizes tRNA only as a homodimer and performs full nucleobase exchange at the wobble position. Active‐site inhibitors block the enzyme function by competitively replacing tRNA. In solution, the wild‐type homodimer dissociates only marginally, whereas mutated variants show substantial monomerization in solution. Surprisingly, one inhibitor transforms the protein into a twisted state, whereby one monomer unit rotates by approximately 130°. In this altered geometry, the enzyme is no longer capable of binding and processing tRNA. Three sugar‐type inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, which bind to the protein in either the functionally competent or twisted inactive state. They crystallize with the enzyme side‐by‐side under identical conditions from the same crystallization well. Possibly, the twisted inactive form corresponds to a resting state of the enzyme, important for its functional regulation.
A Non‐Enzymatic Pathway with Superoxide in Intracellular Terpenoid Synthesis
Authors: Ueda Daijiro , Matsugane Saori , Okamoto Wataru , Hashimoto Masayuki , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNon‐C5‐units terpenoids (norisoprenoids) with an acetonyl group are widely distributed in nature. However, studies on the biosynthesis of norisoprenoids are scarce. Now, the C33 norisoprenoid, (all‐E)‐farnesylfarnesylacetone, was identified from Bacillus spp. and it was elucidated for the first time that superoxide mediates the cleavage of menaquinones (vitamin K) to form norisoprenoids in saponification treatment. From in vivo experiments using gene‐disrupted Bacillus subtilis strains targeted for enzymes responsible for menaquinone biosynthesis and for superoxide dismutase, it was suggested that the non‐enzymatic cleavage (autoxidation) of menaquinone with superoxide resulted in norisoprenoid synthesis in Bacillus cells. Furthermore, the bioactive norisoprenoids, farnesylacetone and phytone, were produced in Bacillus cells by this novel synthesis system.
Fabrication of LaCl3‐containing nanofiber scaffolds and their application in skin wound healing
Authors: Guo Fei , Zhang Huiqing , Qiu Guosheng , Zuo Huijun , Chen Gangquan , Lou Yuanlei , Min Dinghong , Guo Guanghua 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (GE) nanofiber scaffolds with varying concentrations of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3, from 0 to 25 mM) were fabricated by electrospinning. The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle and porosity measurements, mechanical strength tests, and in vitro degradation studies. In vitro cytotoxicity and cell adhesion and proliferation studies were performed to assess the biocompatibility of the scaffolds, and in vivo wound healing studies were conducted to assess scaffold applications in the clinic. All prepared scaffolds were noncytotoxic, and the growth of adipose tissue–derived stem cells on LaCl3‐containing scaffolds was better than on the pure PCL/GE scaffold. Cell proliferation studies showed the greatest cell growth in the PCL/GE/LaCl3 scaffolds. Further, in vivo studies proved that the PCL/GE/LaCl3 scaffolds can promote wound healing. The results suggest that nanofiber scaffolds containing LaCl3 promote cell proliferation and have good biocompatibility, and thus potential for application in the treatment of skin wounds. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46672.
Contributions of marine infrastructures to marine planning and protected area networking
Authors: Shabtay Ateret , Portman Michelle E. , Carmel Yohay 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMarine infrastructures are becoming ubiquitous as a result of the increasing exploitation of resources in the nearshore environment. These infrastructures are frequently linked with habitat degradation, pollution, and the establishment and spread of alien species. As marine infrastructures are perceived as threats to marine ecosystems, they are typically disregarded in conservation planning schemes.Here, the presence of invertebrates and fish was surveyed in infrastructure areas with prohibited public access, as well as in nearby rocky reef areas that had no infrastructure and were open to the public.It was found that species richness, Shannon diversity, and uniqueness of both fish and invertebrates were significantly higher in the infrastructure habitats than in the rocky reef habitats in most cases. Surprisingly, the findings show that the proportion of alien species was higher in the unprotected rocky reef habitats compared with that in the infrastructure habitats.These counterintuitive findings suggest that marine infrastructures that limit unauthorized access to the surrounding territory may contribute to conservation if they are acknowledged and managed, according to their potential to provide a habitat for marine species. This suggests that these areas should be considered by planners as opportunities to enhance the connectivity of populations and to supplement marine protected areas in heavily impacted marine environments.
Affinity Maturation Drives Epitope Spreading and Generation of Proinflammatory Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Elliott Serra E. , Kongpachith Sarah , Lingampalli Nithya , Adamska Julia Z. , Cannon Bryan J. , Mao Rong , Blum Lisa K. , Robinson William H. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the presence of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs); nevertheless, the origin, specificity, and functional properties of ACPAs remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of ACPAs by sequencing the plasmablast antibody repertoire at serial time points in patients with established RA.MethodsBlood samples were obtained at up to 4 serial time points from 8 individuals with established RA who were positive for ACPAs by the anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide test. CD19+CD3−IgD−CD14−CD20−CD27+CD38++ plasmablasts were isolated by single‐cell sorting and costained with citrullinated peptide tetramers to identify ACPA‐expressing plasmablasts. Cell‐specific oligonucleotide barcodes were utilized, followed by large‐scale sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, to obtain error‐corrected, paired heavy‐ and light‐chain antibody gene sequences for each B cell.ResultsBioinformatics analysis revealed 170 persistent plasmablast lineages in the RA blood, of which 19% included multiple isotypes. Among IgG‐ and IgA‐expressing plasmablasts, significantly more IgA‐expressing than IgG‐expressing persistent lineages were observed (P < 0.01). Shared complementarity‐determining region 3 sequence motifs were identified across subjects. A subset of the plasmablast lineages included members derived from later time points with divergent somatic hypermutations that encoded antibodies that bind an expanded set of citrullinated antigens. Furthermore, these recombinant, differentially mutated plasmablast antibodies formed immune complexes that stimulated higher macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared to antibodies representing earlier time point–derived lineage members that were less mutated.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that established RA is characterized by a persistent IgA ACPA response that exhibits ongoing affinity maturation. This observation suggests the presence of a persistent mucosal antigen that continually promotes the production of IgA plasmablasts and their affinity maturation and epitope spreading, thus leading to the generation of ACPAs that bind additional citrullinated antigens and more potently stimulate macrophage production of TNF.
Pathogenic Citrulline‐Multispecific B Cell Receptor Clades in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Titcombe Philip J. , Wigerblad Gustaf , Sippl Natalie , Zhang Na , Shmagel Anna K. , Sahlström Peter , Zhang Yue , Barsness Laura O. , Ghodke‐Puranik Yogita , Baharpoor Azar , Hansson Monika , Israelsson Lena , Skriner Karl , Niewold Timothy B. , Klareskog Lars , Svensson Camilla I. , Amara Khaled , Malmström Vivianne , Mueller Daniel L. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveAnti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) have proven highly useful as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, composition and functionality of the associated autoreactive B cell repertoire have not been directly assessed. We aimed to selectively investigate citrullinated autoantigen–specific B cell receptors (BCRs) involved in RA and initiate studies on their pathogenicity.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from patients in a University of Minnesota cohort with ACPA‐positive RA (n = 89). Tetramer sets bearing citrullinated filaggrin peptide cfc1 or citrullinated α‐enolase peptide were constructed to specifically capture autoreactive B cells from the unaltered, polyclonal repertoire in RA patients. Citrullinated peptide tetramer–bound B cells were subjected to flow cytometric cell sorting and single‐cell IGH, IGK, and IGL gene sequencing for B cell lineage determinations. BCR gene sequences were also expressed as recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for direct evaluation of citrullinated autoantigen binding and effector functionality.ResultsUsing citrullinated peptide tetramer enrichment to investigate single autoreactive blood B cells, we identified biased V‐region gene usage and conserved junction arrangements in BCRs from RA patients. Parsimonious clustering of related immunoglobulin gene nucleotide sequences revealed clonal expansions of rare individual B cell clades, in parallel with divergent sequence mutations. Correspondingly, recombinant mAb generated from such BCR lineages demonstrated citrulline‐dependent cross‐reactivity extending beyond the citrullinated peptides used for B cell capture. A pair of citrullinated autoantigen–specific mAb with cross‐reactive binding profiles also promoted arthritis in mice.ConclusionOur findings suggest that broad ACPA specificities in RA arise from a restricted repertoire of evolving citrulline‐multispecific B cell clades with pathogenic potential.
A Bayesian two‐armed bandit model
Authors: Wang Xikui , Liang You , Porth Lysa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA two‐armed bandit model using a Bayesian approach is formulated and investigated in this paper with the goal of maximizing the value of a certain criterion of optimality. The bandit model illustrates the trade‐off between exploration and exploitation, where exploration means acquiring scientific acknowledge for better‐informed decisions at later stages (ie, maximizing long‐term benefit), and exploitation means applying the current knowledge for the best possible outcome at the current stage (ie, maximizing the immediate expected payoff). When one arm has known characteristics, stochastic dynamic programming is applied to characterize the optimal strategy and provide the foundation for its calculation. The results show that the celebrated Gittins index can be approximated by a monotonic sequence of break‐even values. When both arms are unknown, we derive a special case of optimality of the myopic strategy.
Insights into the binding interaction between copper ferrite nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin: An effect on protein conformation and activity
Authors: Millan Sabera , Kumar Aniket , Satish Lakkoji , Susrisweta B. , Dash Priyabrat , Sahoo Harekrushna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe binding affinity between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles in terms of conformation, stability and activity of protein was studied using various spectroscopic methods. The quenching involved in BSA–CuFe2O4 NP interaction was static quenching as analysed by different techniques (steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence along with temperature‐dependent fluorescence measurements). Among all types of possible interactions, it was revealed that the major binding forces were van der Waals interaction and hydrogen bonding, which were explored from negative values of enthalpy change (∆H = −193.85 kJ mol−1) and entropy change (∆S = −588.88 J mol−1 K−1). Additionally, synchronous, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements confirmed the conformational changes in BSA upon the addition of CuFe2O4 NP. Furthermore, thermal denaturation observations were consistent with the circular dichroism results. The interaction of CuFe2O4 NP with BSA decreased the esterase activity in the BSA assay, revealing the affinity of copper ferrite towards the active site of BSA.
Tracking the Active Catalyst for Iron‐Based Ammonia Decomposition by In Situ Synchrotron Diffraction Studies
Authors: Tseng Jo‐Chi , Gu Dong , Pistidda Claudio , Horstmann Christian , Dornheim Martin , Ternieden Jan , Weidenthaler Claudia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIron‐based catalysts for NH3 decomposition have been studied by a combination of catalytic tests and in situ synchrotron diffraction experiments performed in an inert sapphire plug‐flow cell. In contrast to steel‐based reaction cells, sapphire or quartz glass cells show no blind activity. Starting from iron oxide precursors, iron nitrides form during the activation cycle. Nitrides remain as main crystalline phases and govern the conversion of NH3 decomposition in the subsequent cycles. In this work structural and compositional changes of the nitrides were monitored in situ during heating and cooling cycles. The state of the catalyst under reaction conditions was analyzed by high resolution in situ synchrotron diffraction experiments. The analyses enable establishing reaction pathways and correlation of structural features with catalytic conversions. The most active phases are iron nitrides with high mobility and solubility for nitrogen atoms, such as Fe3Nx. Phase changes from Fe3Nx to γ‐FeNx were observed above 700 °C. The formation of γ‐FeNx seems to suppress the catalytic conversion. Moreover, the positive influence of a mesostructured support/catalyst composite on the catalytic conversion and catalyst stability were studied in detail.
Economic Evaluations of Workplace Mental Health Interventions: A Critical Review
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Finucan Jason 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA growing body of literature has identified stigma as a barrier to disclosing illness in the workplace. Given that employee participation in mental health programs determines an intervention's success, we critically reviewed economic evaluations of workplace mental health interventions in order to determine how participation rates have been taken into account. Available economic evaluations point to the ROI of work‐focused treatment and tertiary prevention interventions; however their external validity remains low since they are mostly carried out with hypothetical employers. Given that mental illness stigma and non‐disclosure stand as barriers to taking part in interventions, the onus should be placed on interventions aimed at reducing stigma at the organizational level before investing in products targeted at individuals.
What Has Come out from Phytomedicines and Herbal Edibles for the Treatment of Cancer?
Authors: Bonam Srinivasa Reddy , Wu Yuan Seng , Tunki Lakshmi , Chellian Ranjithkumar , Halmuthur Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar , Muller Sylviane , Pandy Vijayapandi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral modern treatment strategies have been adopted to combat cancer with the aim of minimizing toxicity. Medicinal plant‐based compounds with the potential to treat cancer have been widely studied in preclinical research and have elicited many innovations in cutting‐edge clinical research. In parallel, researchers have eagerly tried to decrease the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents either by combining them with herbals or in using herbals alone. The aim of this article is to present an update of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, or mere changes in the bioactive compounds, along with herbal edibles, which display efficacy against diverse cancer cells and in anticancer therapy. It describes the basic mechanism(s) of action of phytochemicals used either alone or in combination therapy with other phytochemicals or herbal edibles. This review also highlights the remarkable synergistic effects that arise between certain herbals and chemotherapeutic agents used in oncology. The anticancer phytochemicals used in clinical research are also described; furthermore, we discuss our own experience related to semisynthetic derivatives, which are developed based on phytochemicals. Overall, this compilation is intended to facilitate research and development projects on phytopharmaceuticals for successful anticancer drug discovery.
NVP‐BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family
Authors: Tröster Alix , Heinzlmeir Stephanie , Berger Benedict‐Tilman , Gande Santosh L. , Saxena Krishna , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Linhard Verena , Nasiri Amir H. , Bolte Michael , Müller Susanne , Kuster Bernhard , Médard Guillaume , Kudlinzki Denis , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractErythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular (EPH) receptors are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. Their extracellular domains bind specifically to ephrin A/B ligands, and this binding modulates intracellular kinase activity. EPHs are key players in bidirectional intercellular signaling, controlling cell morphology, adhesion, and migration. They are increasingly recognized as cancer drug targets. We analyzed the binding of NVP‐BHG712 (NVP) to EPHA2 and EPHB4. Unexpectedly, all tested commercially available NVP samples turned out to be a regioisomer (NVPiso) of the inhibitor, initially described in a Novartis patent application. They only differ by the localization of a single methyl group on either one of two adjacent nitrogen atoms. The two compounds of identical mass revealed different binding modes. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the isomers differ in their kinase affinity and selectivity.
Proteoglycan Isolation and Analysis
Authors: Woods Anne , Couchman John R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProteoglycans can be difficult molecules to isolate and analyze due to large mass, charge, and tendency to aggregate or form macromolecular complexes. This unit describes detailed methods for purification of matrix, cell surface, and cytoskeleton‐linked proteoglycans. Methods for analysis of glycoaminoglycan size and type and of core protein species are described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.