bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context and Background
Authors: Wolanski Adam , Simon-Shore Victoria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter considers the development and scope of the law of privacy in this jurisdiction. The chapter opens with a concise summary of the impact that the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) had on the common law development of the law of privacy. Section B provides a brief overview of the various pre-HRA reviews and proposals commissioned by former governments in relation to the historic absence of a free-standing right to privacy. In Section C, the authors set out the pre-HRA piecemeal protections of privacy in common law and equity, namely: trespass, wrongful interference with goods, nuisance, breach of confidence, defamation, malicious falsehood, privilege of witnesses, and the principle of necessity. This section also looks at the protections of privacy found in the Family Courts, the Court of Protection, and criminal law. Section D provides a detailed analysis of the impact of the HRA on media cases where Articles 8 and 10 ECHR are engaged. Section E sets out other legislative protections for privacy and confidentiality and Section F briefly considers the Codes of Practice which apply to the media. Finally, in Section G, the chapter considers the future of privacy law in the context of social media and the internet.
Remedies
Authors: Moreham N A , Speker Adam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the remedies available for threatened or actual breaches of privacy by the media. After the introduction in Section A, Section B considers s 12 HRA, which applies whenever a remedy is considered which might affect the exercise of freedom of expression. Section C discusses injunctive relief in privacy cases under various heads of claim. In misuse of private information, an injunction is often the primary remedy sought (frequently at the interim stage) bringing s 12 HRA into play. Final injunctions are also discussed in this section. Section D addresses damages, including their availability in principle, the different considerations which apply to pecuniary and non-pecuniary losses, the availability of aggravated and exemplary damages, and mitigation of damage. Remedies of less general application are considered in Section E, especially the availability of restitutionary remedies across the various types of privacy claim.&#x2028;
Planet migration in windy discs
Authors: Wu Yinhao , Chen Yi-Xian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Accretion of protoplanetary discs (PPDs) could be driven by magnetohydrodynamic disc winds rather than turbulent viscosity. With a dynamical prescription for angular momentum transport induced by disc winds, we perform 2D simulations of PPDs to systematically investigate the rate and direction of planet migration in a windy disc. We find that the the strength of disc winds influences the corotation region similarly to the ‘desaturation’ effect of viscosity. The magnitude and direction of torque depend sensitively on the hierarchy between the radial advection time-scale across the horseshoe due to disc wind $\tau _{\rm dw}$, the horseshoe libration time-scale $\tau _{\rm lib}$ and U-turn time-scale $\tau _{\rm U-turn}$. Initially, as wind strength increases and the advection time-scale shortens, a non-linear horseshoe drag emerges when $\tau _{\rm dw} \lesssim \tau _{\rm lib}$, which tends to drive strong outward migration. Subsequently, the drag becomes linear and planets typically still migrate inward when $\tau _{\rm dw} \lesssim \tau _{\rm U-turn} \sim \tau _{\rm lib}h$, where h is the disc aspect ratio. For a planet with mass ratio of ${\sim} 10^{-5}$, the zone of outward migration sandwiched between inner and outer inward migration zones corresponds to $\sim$10–100 au in a PPD with accretion rates between $10^{-8}$ and $10^{-7}\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot \text{yr}^{-1}$.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates arteriovenous fistula stenosis by modulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Liu Yamin , Chen Bohan , Chen Kai , Wang Yufei , Zhou Chunyu , Liang Xianhui , Wang Kai , Wang Pei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Fistula stenosis is a primary contributor to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Emerging data indicated excessive fibrotic remodeling was the primarily contributor to fistula stenosis during AVF remodeling. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been implicated in vascular remodeling across various cardiovascular pathologies. However, its role in AVF remodeling, particularly concerning fibrotic remodeling, remains elusive.

Methods
MR expression and the phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were assessed in dysfunctional AVF. The effects of MR on VSMC phenotypic switching were examined in vitro, and the protective effects of MR antagonists on AVF outcome were evaluated in a rat AVF model.

Results
Dysfunctional fistula exhibited significant medial fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition, alongside markedly increased MR activity. In the dysfunctional fistula vessels, VSMC displayed reduced expression of the contractile marker SMMHC and features characteristic of a synthetic phenotype, including increased osteopontin expression and heightened proliferation. In vitro studies with cultured VSMC revealed that MR overactivity induced by aldosterone led to phenotypic switching from contractile to synthetic state, concomitant with EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway overactivation. These effects were largely abolished by the MR antagonist finerenone. Knockdown of EGFR expression abrogated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and inhibited the VSMC phenotypic switching. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of EGFR in VSMC diminished the protective effect of finerenone. In rat AVF models, pharmacologic targeting of MR with finerenone significantly improved AVF outcomes, characterized by increased luminal diameters and flow volume, reduced medial fibrosis, and inhibited VSMC phenotypic switching. These beneficial outcomes were likely attributable to a restrained activity of the EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway in VSMC.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that therapeutic targeting of MR may improve AVF outcome by modulating VSMC phenotypic switching. These findings offer promising avenues for further clinical investigations aimed at optimizing AVF outcomes in the hemodialysis population.
Integrative study of lung cancer adeno-to-squamous transition in EGFR TKI resistance identifies RAPGEF3 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Wang Hua , Tang Shijie , Wu Qibiao , He Yayi , Zhu Weikang , Xie Xinyun , Qin Zhen , Wang Xue , Zhou Shiyu , Yao Shun , Xu Xiaoling , Guo Chenchen , Tong Xinyuan , Han Shuo , Chou Yueh-Hung , Wang Yong , Wong Kwok-Kin , Yang Cai-Guang , Chen Luonan , Hu Liang , Ji Hongbin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Although adeno-to-squamous transition (AST) has been observed in association with resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in clinic, its causality, molecular mechanism and overcoming strategies remain largely unclear. We here demonstrate that squamous transition occurs concomitantly with TKI resistance in PC9-derived xenograft tumors. Perturbation of squamous transition via DNp63 overexpression or knockdown leads to significant changes in TKI responses, indicative of a direct causal link between squamous transition and TKI resistance. Integrative RNA-seq, ATAC-seq analyses and functional studies reveal that FOXA1 plays an important role in maintaining adenomatous lineage and contributes to TKI sensitivity. FOXM1 overexpression together with FOXA1 knockout fully recapitulates squamous transition and TKI resistance in both PC9 xenografts and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of RAPGEF3 combined with EGFR TKI efficiently overcomes TKI resistance, especially in RAPGEF3high PDXs. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into squamous transition and therapeutic strategy to overcome EGFR TKI resistance in lung cancer.
α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 1 acts as a lysolipid lipase and is involved in lipid droplet formation
Authors: Torres-Romero Ismael , Légeret Bertrand , Bertrand Marie , Sorigue Damien , Damm Alicia , Cuiné Stéphan , Veillet Florian , Blot Carla , Brugière Sabine , Couté Yohann , Garneau Matthew G , Kotapati Hari K , Xin Yi , Xu Jian , Bates Philip D , Thiam Abdou R , Beisson Fred , Li-Beisson Yonghua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the major sites of lipid and energy homeostasis. However, few LD biogenesis proteins have been identified. Using model microalga Chlamydomonas, we show that ABHD1, an α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein, is localized to the LD surface and stimulates LD formation through two actions: one enzymatic and one structural. The knockout mutants contained similar amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) but their LDs showed a higher content of lyso-derivatives of betaine lipid diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS). Over-expression of ABHD1 increased LD abundance and boosted TAG content. Purified recombinant ABHD1 hydrolyzed lyso-DGTS, producing a free fatty acid and a glyceryltrimethylhomoserine. In vitro droplet-embedded vesicles showed that ABHD1 promoted LD emergence. Taken together, these results identify ABHD1 as a new player in LD formation by its lipase activity on lyso-DGTS and by its distinct biophysical property. This study further suggests that lipases targeted to LDs and able to act on their polar lipid coat may be interesting tools to promote LD assembly in eukaryotic cells.
Searching for Immunocompromising Conditions in Low-risk Adults After Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: An Opportunity to Uncover Multiple Myeloma Early
Authors: Maestro de la Calle Guillermo , Mateo Flores Javier , Brañas Patricia , Viedma Esther , Lumbreras Bermejo Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of newly diagnosed immunosuppressive conditions following a first invasive pneumococcal infection (IPI) in adults considered to be at low risk for it. A total of 352 IPIs were reviewed over a 7-year period, with 39 (11.1%) ultimately analyzed. A 3.4-year follow-up period revealed that 4 patients (10.3%) had been diagnosed with immunosuppressive conditions. Of these, 3 had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). These findings indicate that in adults who experience a first IPI and are at low risk for it, MM should be strongly considered and addressed as early as possible.
Epigenetic memory of temperature sensed during somatic embryo maturation in 2-yr-old maritime pine trees
Authors: Trontin Jean-François , Sow Mamadou Dia , Delaunay Alain , Modesto Ines , Teyssier Caroline , Reymond Isabelle , Canlet Francis , Boizot Nathalie , Le Metté Claire , Gibert Audrey , Chaparro Cristian , Daviaud Christian , Tost Jörg , Miguel Celia , Lelu-Walter Marie-Anne , Maury Stéphane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Embryogenesis is a brief but potentially critical phase in the life cycle of a tree for adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Using somatic embryogenesis in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.), we found that temperature during the maturation phase affects embryo development and postembryonic tree growth for up to 3 yr. We examined whether this somatic stress memory could stem from temperature- and/or development-induced changes in DNA methylation. For this, we developed a 200 mb custom sequence capture bisulfite analysis of genes and promoters to identify differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) between temperature treatments (18, 23, and 28 °C) and developmental stages (immature and cotyledonary embryos, shoot apical meristem of 2-yr-old plants) and investigate if these differences can be mitotically transmitted from embryonic to postembryonic development (epigenetic memory). We revealed a high prevalence of temperature-induced DMCs in genes (8% to 14%) compared to promoters (&lt;1%) in all 3 cytosine contexts. Developmental DMCs showed a comparable pattern but only in the CG context and with a strong trend toward hypomethylation, particularly in the promoters. A high percentage of DMCs induced by developmental transitions were found memorized in genes (up to 45%–50%) and promoters (up to 90%). By contrast, temperature-induced memory was lower and confined to genes after both embryonic (up to 14%) and postembryonic development (up to 8%). Using stringent criteria, we identified 10 genes involved in defense responses and adaptation, embryo development, and chromatin regulation that are candidates for the establishment of a persistent epigenetic memory of temperature sensed during embryo maturation in maritime pine. Here, we provide evidence that DNA methylation marks established during the embryonic phase are transmitted to the postembryonic plant development phase.
Risk factors of severe Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in children: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Chen Wenfeng , Dong Hongba , Yang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explored the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) pneumonia in children and the risk factors for severe C. trachomatis pneumonia. This retrospective case-control study included children with C. trachomatis pneumonia who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University (Xiamen, China) between January 2018 and December 2021. Among 117 children, 33 (28.2%) had severe C. trachomatis pneumonia and 84 children had mild-to-moderate C. trachomatis pneumonia. According to the results of the binary logistic regression analysis, congenital heart disease [odds ratio (OR) = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01–0.74, P-value = .024], mixed infection (OR = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.51, P-value = .002), white blood cell count greater than 15 000 cells/dl (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.03–1.40, P-value = .022), and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.02–1.26, P-value = .016) were found as independent predictive factors for severe C. trachomatis pneumonia in children. This study explored key risk factors for severe C. trachomatis pneumonia, a condition underreported in tropical regions where pediatric respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. By identifying risk factors, such as congenital heart disease, mixed infections, and elevated PaCO2, this research may guide early intervention strategies in resource-limited settings, potentially reducing pediatric pneumonia deaths.
Perception and preparedness of physicians in public-sector hospitals of LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenology-based qualitative study
Authors: Khadka Sitaram , Hashmi Furqan K. , Gupta Ravi P. , Aryal Pallav 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Amid such a global chaotic scenario generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians hold a significant frontline position in the health care system. The current study was designed to explore the perception and preparedness of physicians toward the COVID-19 pandemic and their patient assessment and management aspects.

Methods:
A total of 11 physicians were purposively interviewed. All the interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic content analysis.

Results:
Thematic content analysis yielded six major themes: familiarity with COVID-19, perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19, preparedness for safety against COVID-19, case assessment, barriers to lifestyle, and psychological perspectives. Even in resource-limited settings with the scarcity of sufficient protective equipment and first-line medicines, the physicians provided patient care. They demonstrated intact self-esteem and better understanding and preparedness for COVID-19.

Conclusions:
The findings demand timely and adequate provision of personal protection equipment, availability of first-line medicines, as well as development and implementation of occupational health surveillance measures that ensure mental health well-being.
Effectiveness of individualized counseling in reducing leave against medical advice among neurosurgical patients in the emergency department
Authors: Mishra Aakash , Pokhrel Bibesh , Thapa Amit 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Leave against medical advice (LAMA) in the emergency department (ED) is a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries, often leading to higher rates of readmission, increased mortality, and disrupted continuity of care. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized counseling in reducing LAMA incidents among neurosurgical patients in the ED.

Materials and Methods:
This quality improvement study employed a prospective case-control design to compare LAMA rates between patients who received individualized counseling and those who did not. A “nursing-coordinator program” was introduced, focusing on patient communication and engagement. Trained staff followed a standardized checklist to address the concerns of patients and their caregivers, providing “individualized counseling.” Data collected after the intervention were compared with retrospective pre-intervention data, and the results were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 554 patients, ranging from 1 to 94 years of age, were included in the study, with 60.5% being male. Among the 353 patients who received the “individualized counseling” intervention, 60 opted for LAMA (study group), compared to 49 LAMA cases out of 201 patients who did not receive counseling (control group). The LAMA rate significantly decreased from 24.4% to 16.9% post-intervention (P = 0.035). The “individualized counseling” intervention effectively reduced LAMA due to factors such as misinformation about disease severity (P = 0.009), economic constraints (P < 0.001), and poor prognosis (P < 0.001). However, it was less effective for reasons like proximity to home (P = 0.007), inadvisable transfers for personal reasons (P = 0.023), and family problems (P = 0.293).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that individualized counseling is an effective intervention for reducing LAMA among neurosurgical patients in the ED. By addressing non-medical factors often overlooked due to inadequate counseling, this quality improvement strategy can help prevent vulnerable patients from prematurely terminating their treatment.
Utilizing T-Line Mesh for Periumbilical Hernia Repair: Evaluation of Short-term Outcomes
Authors: Lu Charles , Cassidy Jillian , Embel Veysel , Ouellette Taylor , Arumugam Dena , Kipnis Seth 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Abdominal periumbilical hernias are prevalent within the adult population. When symptomatic, quality of life may be affected. This case series of 10 patients evaluates the short-term outcomes of using the T-Line mesh in periumbilical hernia repair.

Methods:
A retrospective review of adult patients with symptomatic periumbilical abdominal hernia treated with open repair with T-Line mesh was performed at a tertiary referral center. Ten patients with an average age of 51 years were offered surgical treatment. Measures of postoperative outcomes included readmission within the 30-day postoperative period; recurrence; surgical site infection; development of seroma and hematoma; and the presence of pain, numbness, or bloating. Descriptive statistics were computed in Microsoft Excel.

Results:
All 10 patients reported improvement in symptoms. All repairs were elective and classified as clean (100%). Hernias included 40% primary umbilical, 50% ventral, and 10% incisional. The average defect size was 10 cm2, with a range from 1 to 25 cm2. The T-Line mesh was placed in a sublay manner, with an average mesh size of 36 cm2. No patients were readmitted in the 30-day postoperative period. There were no occurrences of surgical site infection or hernia recurrence. No hospital readmissions and no follow-up visits with hernia recurrence were noted at 3 months.

Conclusions:
We present a case series of 10 patients presenting with symptomatic periumbilical hernias who underwent repair with the T-Line hernia mesh without short-term surgical occurrences. Long-term studies are required to accurately reflect safety and efficacy.
Religiosity, Spirituality, Meaning-Making, and Suicidality in Psychiatric Patients and Suicide Attempters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: van den Brink Bart , Roodnat Rianne , Rippe Ralph C.A. , Cherniak Aaron D. , van Lieshout Kenny , Helder Sanne G. , Braam Arjan W. , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Learning Objective
After participating in this CME activity, the psychiatrist should be better able to:
• Explain current understanding of how religiosity, spirituality, and meaning-making (R/S/M) affect patients with psychiatric diagnoses.

Introduction
R/S/M generally protect against suicidality and suicide. Thus far, reviews on the topic have largely been descriptive, and there are no meta-analyses focused on psychiatric patients. This study systematically evaluates all empirical evidence on R/S/M’s potential influences on suicidality for psychiatric patients and recent suicide attempters.

Methods
A systematic PROSPERO preregistered search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol was performed in MEDLINE and PsycInfo. Quantitative studies until 31 December 2022 on R/S/M and suicidality in psychiatric populations and recent suicide attempters were selected; psychological autopsy studies were excluded.

Results
The search identified 4,374 studies for screening. This resulted in 108 eligible studies for the systematic review and 75 studies for the meta-analysis, including 231 effect sizes (ES) and 17,561 subjects. Research focused mainly on the emotional, moral, and ritual aspects of R/S/M. Most research was cross-sectional; repeated R/S/M assessments were rarely reported. A combined significant and negative ES (Fisher Z = -0.13, p = .006, equivalent to Cohen's d = -0.26) was found for all good- and fair-quality studies.

Conclusion
Overall, R/S/M was associated with lowering suicidality. Maladaptive-distressing dimensions of R/S/M correlated with higher rates of suicidality (e.g., religious struggles). The explanatory value was limited by the predominantly cross-sectional nature of ESs.

Registration and funding
PROSPERO registration 2023 CRD42023398692; there was no funding involved.
Challenges and outcomes of cataract surgery after vitrectomy
Authors: Lee Bryanna J. , Jun Jong Hwa , Afshari Natalie A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
This review examines the challenges and outcomes of cataract surgery after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), focusing on surgical techniques, timing, and complication management.

Recent findings
Cataract formation remains the primary complication post-PPV, affecting approximately 80–100% of patients within two years. Nuclear sclerotic cataracts are most common, occurring in 60–100% of patients over 50, followed by posterior subcapsular cataracts (4–34%), which primarily affect younger and diabetic patients. PPV disrupts the normal oxygen gradient in the vitreous, resulting in a more uniform oxygen distribution and accelerating cataract formation.
Post-PPV eyes present unique surgical challenges due to anatomical alterations, including zonular instability and capsular changes characterized by increased fragility, the potential for tears, and altered elasticity. Newer intraocular lens power calculations show promise, but unexpected refractive outcomes may occur. The choice between combined phacovitrectomy and sequential surgeries remains debated, with patient-specific factors guiding the approach. Visual outcomes vary depending on preexisting vitreoretinal pathologies and baseline vision before PPV. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to establish treatment guidelines and improve predictive models.

Summary
Post-PPV cataract surgery presents unique challenges, including anatomical alterations and an increased risk of capsular complications. These necessitate careful consideration of the surgical approach and highlight the need for further research to optimize outcomes and establish treatment guidelines.