bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Tolerance–Promoting Function of Regulatory T Cells Is Optimized by CD28, but Strictly Dependent on Calcineurin
Authors: Marangoni Francesco , Zhang Ruan , Mani Vinidhra , Thelen Martin , Ali Akbar Noor J. , Warner Ross D. , Äijö Tarmo , Zappulli Valentina , Martinez Gustavo J. , Turka Laurence A. , Mempel Thorsten R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) restrain immune responses against malignant tumors, but their global depletion in cancer patients will likely be limited by systemic autoimmune toxicity. Instead, approaches to “tune” their activities may allow for preferential targeting of tumor-reactive Treg. Although Ag recognition regulates Treg function, the roles of individual TCR-dependent signaling pathways in enabling Treg to promote tumor tolerance are not well characterized. In this study, we examined in mouse tumor models the role of calcineurin, a key mediator of TCR signaling, and the role of the costimulatory receptor CD28 in the differentiation of resting central Treg into effector Treg endowed with tumor tropism. We find that calcineurin, although largely dispensable for suppressive activity in vitro, is essential for upregulation of ICOS and CTLA-4 in Treg, as well as for expression of chemokine receptors driving their accumulation in tumors. In contrast, CD28 is not critical, but optimizes the formation of tumor-homing Treg and their fitness in tumor tissue. Accordingly, although deletion of either CnB or CD28 strongly impairs Treg-mediated tumor tolerance, lack of CnB has an even more pronounced impact than lack of CD28. Hence, our studies reveal distinct roles for what has classically been defined as signal 1 and signal 2 of conventional T cell activation in the context of Treg-mediated tumor tolerance.
NKp46 Calibrates Tumoricidal Potential of Type 1 Innate Lymphocytes by Regulating TRAIL Expression
Authors: Turchinovich Gleb , Ganter Stefan , Bärenwaldt Anne , Finke Daniela 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
NK cells are a subset of group 1 innate lymphocytes that recognize and eliminate virus-infected and transformed cells. During the course of their development, NK cells acquire a repertoire of activating and inhibitory receptors, which ultimately define their reactivity against target cells. The array of receptors and their specificity during early developmental stages will control and imprint functional properties of NK cells, a process known as “NK cell education.” Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse group of lymphocytes, which, like NK cells, do not rely on somatically rearranged Ag receptors for recognition. Among ILC subsets, ILC1s are most like NK cells functionally. Prototypic ILC1s reside in the liver, and a large part of their function is attributed to the expression of TRAIL, a TNF superfamily member with a well-documented antitumor activity. In this article, we show that TRAIL expression on mouse ILC1s is controlled by an activating receptor NKp46, which has been previously shown to control NK cell education. In the absence of NKp46, ILC1s fail to express normal levels of TRAIL on the surface, which results in diminished cytotoxicity toward TRAIL receptor-positive targets. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence of a role of NKp46 in ILC1s that calibrates their antitumor response.
Cutting Edge: Blockade of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins Sensitizes Neutrophils to TNF- but Not Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Cell Death and IL-1β Secretion
Authors: Chen Kaiwen W. , Lawlor Kate E. , von Pein Jessica B. , Boucher Dave , Gerlic Motti , Croker Ben A. , Bezbradica Jelena S. , Vince James E. , Schroder Kate 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of cell death and inflammation. A major function of IAPs is to block the formation of a cell death–inducing complex, termed the ripoptosome, which can trigger caspase-8–dependent apoptosis or caspase-independent necroptosis. Recent studies report that upon TLR4 or TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling in macrophages, the ripoptosome can also induce NLRP3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β maturation. Whether neutrophils have the capacity to assemble a ripoptosome to induce cell death and inflammasome activation during TLR4 and TNFR1 signaling is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that murine neutrophils can signal via TNFR1-driven ripoptosome assembly to induce both cell death and IL-1β maturation. However, unlike macrophages, neutrophils suppress TLR4-dependent cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during IAP inhibition via deficiencies in the CD14/TRIF arm of TLR4 signaling.
Reading Psalm 23 In African Context
Authors: Adamo David T. 
Published: April 2018

The book of Psalms is the best known, most discussed and most cited book of the Old Testament. Psalm 23 especially is the most loved book of the Psalms. That must have been the reason why it was named ‘an American icon’ and the ‘nightingale of the Psalms’. Two major ways of reading this Psalm are: as a shepherd to a sheep and as God to a human. The author of this article reads Psalms 23 Africentrically, that is, as God to a human. This means that Psalms 23 is read for the purpose of protection, provision, healing and success in all aspects of life, which are the main concerns of African people. It means reading Psalm 23 existentially with African life interest.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is concerned with biblical studies, African Traditional Religion and culture and African Biblical Hermeneutics. It seeks to challenge the traditional Eurocentric approaches for its methodological approaches that do not make biblical studies adequately relevant to African Christianity. The book of Psalms is used as a perfect example of how it can be interpreted relevantly in Africa. Further implication is that there will be reduction of the Bible and Christianity looking like a foreign book and religion.
Modeling canopy-induced turbulence in the Earth system: a unified parameterization of turbulent exchange within plant canopies and the roughness sublayer (CLM-ml v0)
Authors: Bonan Gordon B. , Patton Edward G. , Harman Ian N. , Oleson Keith W. , Finnigan John J. , Lu Yaqiong , Burakowski Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Land surface models used in climate models neglect the roughness sublayer and parameterize within-canopy turbulence in an ad hoc manner. We implemented a roughness sublayer turbulence parameterization in a multilayer canopy model (CLM-ml v0) to test if this theory provides a tractable parameterization extending from the ground through the canopy and the roughness sublayer. We compared the canopy model with the Community Land Model (CLM4.5) at seven forest, two grassland, and three cropland AmeriFlux sites over a range of canopy heights, leaf area indexes, and climates. CLM4.5 has pronounced biases during summer months at forest sites in midday latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, gross primary production, nighttime friction velocity, and the radiative temperature diurnal range. The new canopy model reduces these biases by introducing new physics. Advances in modeling stomatal conductance and canopy physiology beyond what is in CLM4.5 substantially improve model performance at the forest sites. The signature of the roughness sublayer is most evident in nighttime friction velocity and the diurnal cycle of radiative temperature, but is also seen in sensible heat flux. Within-canopy temperature profiles are markedly different compared with profiles obtained using Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, and the roughness sublayer produces cooler daytime and warmer nighttime temperatures. The herbaceous sites also show model improvements, but the improvements are related less systematically to the roughness sublayer parameterization in these canopies. The multilayer canopy with the roughness sublayer turbulence improves simulations compared with CLM4.5 while also advancing the theoretical basis for surface flux parameterizations.
Regionalising MUSLE factors for application to a data-scarce catchment
Authors: Gwapedza David , Slaughter Andrew , Hughes Denis , Mantel Sukhmani 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The estimation of soil loss and sediment transport is important for
effective management of catchments. A model for semi-arid catchments in
southern Africa has been developed; however, simplification of the model
parameters and further testing are required. Soil loss is calculated through
the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The aims of the current
study were to: (1) regionalise the MUSLE erodibility factors and; (2) perform
a sensitivity analysis and validate the soil loss outputs against
independently-estimated measures. The regionalisation was developed using
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) coverages. The model was applied to a
high erosion semi-arid region in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Sensitivity
analysis indicated model outputs to be more sensitive to the vegetation
cover factor. The simulated soil loss estimates of
40 t ha−1 yr−1 were within the range of estimates by previous
studies. The outcome of the present research is a framework for parameter
estimation for the MUSLE through regionalisation. This is part of the
ongoing development of a model which can estimate soil loss and sediment
delivery at broad spatial and temporal scales.
Etude de l'impact des barrages sur la réduction des transports sédimentaires jusqu'à la mer par approche paléohydrologique dans la basse vallée de la Medjerda
Authors: Kotti Fatma , Dezileau Laurent , Mahé Gil , Habaieb Hamadi , Bentkaya Malik , Dieulin Claudine , Amrouni Oula 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The sedimentary contributions of the Medjerda to the coastal zone
are poorly measured, and there is no chronicle of observations. In this
context, the sediment monitoring appears indispensable for the quantification
of sediment transport at the outlet. This study focuses on the largest
watershed in Tunisia, the Wadi Medjerda (23 600 km2). The main
objective of this work is to assess the reduction of sediment transport
following anthropogenic intensification on the basin, especially since the
construction of many large dams. In order to collect information on actual
deposits over several years, the paleo-hydrological approach was applied
through the study of sediment cores sampled in the low valley meanders on
alluvial terraces, after the last dam (Sidi Salem, the largest water storage
capacity over the basin), but before the estuary to avoid marine influence
and near a hydrological station (Jdaida). The sedimentary deposits of the
river provide key information on the past sedimentary inputs. A visible
succession of sedimentary layers corresponding to the deposits of successive
floods on the study site has been determined and the history of the
sedimentary contributions of the Medjerda is reconstructed by this approach.
The thickest layers of sedimentary deposits are related to exceptional
events. They are mainly concentrated on the lower part of the core and are
mainly composed of sands. The first 1.2 m of the core from the bottom upward
relates to 10 years of river discharges, as can be determined from the
137Cs datation. The next upward 1.05 m of
core relates to the following 20 years of discharges, up to 1981, date of the
construction of the Sidi Salem dam, and is composed of a mix of sand, silts
and clays. The last 75 cm of core near the surface is only composed of clays
with thin silt bands, and relates to a period of 32 years. We thus observe
that there is no more sand deposits in the river bed since the construction
of the Sidi Salem dam. The deficit of sediment supply to the sea is viewed as
a major factor to be taken into account for better understanding of the
dynamics of coastal areas in the context of global climate change.
Understanding Parents' Expectations and Concerns for a Dual-Language Program Through the Lens of Community Cultural Wealth
Authors: Ee Jongyeon 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
This qualitative study investigates parents of students in a Korean-English dual-language immersion (KDLI) program located in urban Southern California, where the majority of residents are from working-class and low-income immigrant background. The study looks at two topics through the lens of community cultural wealth: why parents of students in the KDLI program value this program; and what concerns they might have for the program. Classroom and school observations, as well as semistructured interviews, were used to explore these research questions. Six Korean parents and six non-Korean parents participated in the interviews. Additionally, interviews with school personnel, including teachers in the program and the school principal, were conducted to triangulate with parents' thoughts and experiences. Findings show that the parents in this study recognized different types of community cultural wealth and expected multiple advantages from the program, such as bilingual and bicultural competency, economic benefits, academic advantages, and the development of a strong sense of identity. The parents and school personnel also commented on challenges and tensions in the program and questioned its efficacy in terms of language development. Based on the findings, I discuss implications for dual-language programs, especially those in urban areas.
РАЗМЕРЫ И КОНФОРМАЦИИ МАКРОМОЛЕКУЛ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ N-МЕТИЛ-N-ВИНИЛАЦЕТАМИДА И N-МЕТИЛ-N-ВИНИЛАМИНА ГИДРОХЛОРИДА В РАСТВОРАХ В ШИРОКОМ ИНТЕРВАЛЕ ИОННЫХ СИЛ, "Высокомолекулярные соединения. Серия С"
Authors: Доммес О.А. , Окатова О.В. , Костина А.А. , Гаврилова И.И. , Панарин Е.Ф. , Павлов Г.М. 
Published: April 2018

Методами радикальной полимеризации, фракционирования и гидролиза получены фракции сополимера N-метил-N-винилацетамида и N-метил N-виниламина гидрохлорида, содержащего 15.7 ± 0.5% заряженных звеньев. Вязкое течение, скоростная седиментация и поступательная диффузия их разбавленных растворов исследованы в 0.2 М NaCl. Вискозиметрические исследования проведены также в широком интервале ионных сил: от минимальной (~10-6 моль/л) до максимальной (6 моль/л). Сопоставлены гидродинамические объемы и равновесные жесткости исследуемого сополимера с полученными ранее данными для незаряженного гомополимера и сополимера с более высокой линейной плотностью заряда (~44% заряженных звеньев) в растворах с разной ионной силой. Обсуждается соответствие полученных оценок с теориями Одейка-Школьника-Фиксмана и Добрынина.
Alterações cromossômicas em 813 atendimentos em serviço universitário de genética comunitária
Authors: Moreira Lilia Maria De Azevedo , Do Espírito Santo Layla Damasceno , Rodrigues Mariana Oliveira , Santos Thaiara Oliveira dos , Cabanelas Iago Teles Dominguez , Farias Jaqueline Oliveira , Lima Renata Lúcia Leite Ferreira de , Freitas Lucy Magalhães 
Published: April 2018

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">O estudo de distúrbios cromossômicos em serviços públicos de genética pode constituir uma nova abordagem na Genética Comunitária. Tendo em vista o objetivo de avaliar a importância de estudos dessa natureza para o diagnóstico e o encaminhamento precoce a tratamentos especializados, foi analisada a frequência de alterações cromossômicas em indivíduos que realizaram o cariótipo em serviço universitário de genética. Para tanto, foi feito um estudo retrospectivo de 813 casos atendidos no período de 1990 a 2010 no serviço referido. As preparações foram obtidas por cultura convencional de linfócitos e bandamento GTG nos casos com suspeita de cromossomopatia. Ocorreram alterações cromossômicas em 268 cariótipos, 32,9% dos casos estudados. A distribuição dos distúrbios esteve de acordo com estudos semelhantes realizados em diferentes centros, sendo as alterações numéricas as mais frequentes. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a importância da citogenética no esclarecimento do diagnóstico de diferentes distúrbios congênitos, responsáveis por importante parcela da morbi-mortalidade infantil e mostra a contribuição dessa especialidade no fortalecimento da Genética Comunitária como uma nova abordagem da genética em benefício da população.</span></p>
Experimentos com microarrays: visão geral e comparação de modelos estatísticos para a identificação de genes diferencialmente expressos
Authors: Figueiredo Rejane Augusta de Oliveira , Soler Júlia Maria Pavan 
Published: April 2018

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Investigação do sexo através de uma área triangular facial formada pela interseção dos pontos: forame infraorbital direito, esquerdo e o próstio, em crânios secos de adultos
Authors: Júnior Erasmo De Almeida , Araújo Telma Martins de , Galvão Luis Carlos Cavalcante , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores 
Published: April 2018

<div>Utilizando-se 200 (duzentos) crânios secos, sendo 100 (cem) masculinos e 100 (cem) femininos, foram analisadas quantitativamente áreas da parte média da face, considerando-se as seguintes variáveis: distância interforame infraorbital, distância interforame infraorbital-próstio e área do Triângulo Facial Inferior. Os resultados encontrados permitiram o estabelecimento de metodologias para a identificação do sexo através de média e intervalo de confiança (59%) e test t de Student, demonstrando que as médias diferem entre si no nível de significância alfa de 5%. Concluiu-se que a análise das variáveis em estudo demonstrou dimorfismo sexual, sendo que as medidas correspondentes ao sexo masculino se apresentaram significativamente maiores do que as do sexo feminino.</div>
Estratégias regenerativas da bioengenharia tecidual e aspectos éticos
Authors: Carvalho Ana Clara Alves de , Pereira Eliana Dos Santos Câmara , Costa Cínara , Barreto Isabela Cerqueira , Madureira Luis Claudio , Paim Fabiana Rosa 
Published: April 2018

<div>A bioengenharia tecidual é um campo multidisciplinar que aplica os princípios das ciências biológicas e das engenharias para o desenvolvimento de substitutos de órgãos e tecidos que visem à sua regeneração, com consequente melhoria da estética e função. Desta forma, a bioengenharia tecidual encontra-se frente ao desafio fundamental de desenvolver biomateriais e procedimentos que levem à otimização da regeneração. Os biomateriais devem possuir requisitos para sua aplicação clínica, sendo imprescindível a realização de testes in vitro e in vivo para validação de novos biomateriais ou técnicas regenerativas, fundamentais para o avanço da Bioengenharia Tecidual. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre os principais aspectos da bioengenharia tecidual assim como a importância do desenvolvimento dos testes in vivo e in vitro e suas repercussões éticas.</div>
Síndrome de Down: aspectos relacionados ao sistema estomatognático
Authors: Carvalho Ana Clara Alves de , Campos Paulo Sérgio Flores , Crusoé-Rebello Ieda 
Published: April 2018

<div>A Síndrome de Down é uma anomalia congênita causada pela presença de um cromossomo a mais no par 21. O paciente </div><div>portador dessa síndrome apresenta alterações no sistema estomatognático: dentes, língua, periodonto, maxila, mandíbula, oclusão e articulação temporomandibular. As principais manifestações bucais são respiração bucal, maxila atrésica, língua fissurada, agenesias dentárias, doença periodontal, irrompimento dentário retardada, maloclusão, além de diversas alterações dentárias. O portador da Síndrome de Down requer tratamento especializado e multidisciplinar, em função da variabilidade de estruturas afetadas. O diagnóstico e intervenção precoces pelo cirurgião-dentista permitem uma interrupção na evolução e na consequência das malformações, assim como uma melhora na qualidade de vida.</div>
Dieta cetogênica: como o uso de uma dieta pode interferir em mecanismos neuropatológicos
Authors: Pereira Érica Silva , Alves Marion , Sacramento Thaiana , Rocha Vera Lúcia 
Published: April 2018

<div>A dieta cetogênica tem sido usada de forma ampla e com sucesso para o tratamento de crianças com epilepsia de difícil controle desde a década de 1920. Mas foi somente há uma década que a dieta cetogênica deixou de ser vista como um tratamento alternativo ou de última escolha para estes pacientes e seu uso tem sido considerado em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar o conhecimento disponível acerca da dieta cetogênica: mecanismo de ação, eficácia, tolerabilidade, efeitos adversos. Muitas crianças não respondem satisfatoriamente à terapia farmacológica convencional, mas sim à dieta cetogênica, uma dieta rica em gordura e pobre em carboidrato. A dieta cetogênica leva a um aumento do nível dos corpos cetônicos no sangue e recentes estudos mostram que os corpos cetônicos e seus componentes tem efeito neuroprotetor para doenças neurológicas agudas e crônicas. Então, a dieta cetogênica pode ser útil no tratamento de uma variedade de desordens neurológicas. A introdução da dieta cetogênica requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar. É usada no tratamento clínico da epilepsia, por provocar uma diminuição da excitabilidade neuronal. Recentes estudos sugerem que a dieta cetogênica possui ação anticonvulsivante e antiepiletogênica. E, além de uma diminuição do número de crises, efeitos cognitivos positivos também têm sido descritos. Os mecanismos de ação não são completamente compreendidos, mas ambos os efeitos, anticonvulsivante e antiepiletogênico, são propostos. Aproximadamente 20 a 30% dos pacientes epilépticos não respondem adequadamente ao tratamento medicamentoso. Nesta população, o tratamento com a dieta cetogênica tem sido considerado como um importante recurso terapêutico, eficaz e seguro. Muitos estudos observacionais e de revisão atestam os efeitos benéficos da dieta cetogênica.</div>