bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minkowski Solutions of IIB Supergravity
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio , Geipel Jakob C. , Legramandi Andrea , Macpherson Niall T. , Zagermann Marco 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe classify Minkowski4 solutions of IIB supergravity with an symmetry geometrically realized by an S2‐foliation in the remaining six dimensions. For the various cases of the classification, we reduce the supersymmetric system of equations to PDEs. These cases often accommodate systems of intersecting branes and half‐maximally supersymmetric AdS5, 6, 7 solutions when they exist. As an example, we analyze the AdS6 case in more detail, reducing the supersymmetry equations to a single cylindrical Laplace equation. We also recover an already known linear dilaton background dual to the (1, 1) Little String Theory (LST) living on NS5‐branes, and we find a new Minkowski5 linear dilaton solution from brane intersections. Finally, we also discuss some simple Minkowski4 solutions based on compact conformal Calabi‐Yau manifolds.
Extent of lymph node dissection improves survival in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy without lymph node invasion
Authors: Preisser Felix , Bandini Marco , Marchioni Michele , Nazzani Sebastiano , Tian Zhe , Pompe Raisa S. , Fossati Nicola , Briganti Alberto , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Heinzer Hans , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Tilki Derya , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeTo assess the effect of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) extent on cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients without lymph node invasion (LNI) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End results (SEER) database (2004–2014), we identified patients with D'Amico intermediate‐ or high‐risk characteristics who underwent RP with PLND, without evidence of LNI. First, multivariable logistic regression models tested for predictors of more extensive PLND, defined as removed lymph node count (NRN) ≥75th percentile. Second, Kaplan‐Meier analyses and multivariable Cox regression models tested the effect of NRN ≥75th percentile on CSM. Finally, survival analyses were repeated using continuously coded NRN.ResultsIn 28 147 RP and PLND patients without LNI, 67.3% versus 32.7% exhibited D'Amico intermediate‐ or high‐risk characteristics. The median NRN was 6 (IQR 3‐10), the 75th percentile defined patients with NRN ≥11. Patients with NRN ≥11 had higher rate of cT2/3 stage (29.8 vs 26.1%), GS ≥8 (25.7 vs 22.4%), and respectively more frequently exhibited D'Amico high‐risk characteristics (34.6 vs 32.1%). In multivariable logistic regression models predicting the probability of more extensive PLND (NRN ≥11), higher biopsy GS, higher cT stage, higher PSA, more recent year of diagnosis, and younger age at diagnosis represented independent predictors. At 72 months after RP, CSM‐free rates were 99.5 versus 98.1% for NRN ≥11 and NRN ≤10, respectively and resulted in a HR of 0.50 (P = 0.01), after adjustment for all covariates. Similarly, continuously coded NRN achieved independent predictor status (HR: 0.955, P = 0.01), where each additional removed lymph node reduced CSM risk by 4.5%.ConclusionMore extensive PLND at RP provides improved staging information and consequently is associated with lower CSM in D'Amico intermediate‐ and high‐risk PCa patients without evidence of LNI. Hence, more extensive PLND should be recommended in such individuals.
Do you feel lucky? or do you want to identify and manage safety critical equipment?
Authors: Broadribb Michael P. , Freiburger Eric 
Published: February 2018

This article will discuss a method to identify a manageable number of Safety Critical Equipment or Element (SCE) items, and approaches for successfully managing inspection, testing and preventive maintenance (ITPM) tasks for SCE.Today's process safety practices are invariably the result of hard lessons learned by industry from major accidents. Process safety management systems are generally credited with reducing major accident risk in process industry operations. The prevention and mitigation of major accidents relies upon appropriate layers of protection or barriers working on demand. These barriers include:

Plant: Hardware, such as process equipment, control systems, dikes,
Process: Administrative and procedural controls
People: Competent workforce, supervision, communication, and so forth.
The Plant is generally the most reliable of these barriers. To ensure that the equipment prevents and mitigates major accidents it needs to be highly reliable. Some companies in the process industries have started to apply criticality ranking for process safety purposes in order to identify and manage certain equipment that requires a high reliability. The identification and management of SCE has represented a challenge to many companies. A major issue has been an overwhelming number of SCE items, as the SCE designation has often been assigned to equipment that may not be truly safety critical. This has culminated in a failure to perform all ITPM tasks when due. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:340–346, 2018
Functionalization of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite with Cu(II) compounds as a pesticide: in situ transmission electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy observations of treated Vitis vinifera L. leaves
Authors: Battiston Enrico , Salvatici Maria C , Lavacchi Alessandro , Gatti Antonietta , Di Marco Stefano , Mugnai Laura 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study evaluated a biocompatible material for plant protection with the aim of reducing the amount of active substance applied. We used a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) that has been studied extensively as a consequence of its bioactivity and biocompatibility. An aggregation between HA nanoparticles and four Cu(II) compounds applied to Vitis vinifera L. leaves as a pesticide was studied. Formulations were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electron microscopy and applied in planta to verify particle aggregation and efficiency in controlling the pathogen Plasmopara viticola.RESULTSThe XRD patterns showed different crystalline phases dependig on the Cu(II) compound formulated with HA particles, DLS showed that nanostructured particles are stable as aggregates out of the nanometer range and, in all formulations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) microscopy showed large aggregates which were partially nanostructured and were recognized as stable in their micrometric dimensions. Such particles did not show phytotoxic effects after their application in planta.CONCLUSIONA formulation based on HA and a soluble Cu(II) compound showed promising results in the control of the fungal pathogen, confirming the potential role of HA as an innovative delivery system of Cu(II) ions. The present work indicates the possibility of improving the biological activity of a bioactive substance by modifying its structure through an achievable formulation with a biocompatible material. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Moving back to “mamma”? Divorce, intergenerational coresidence, and latent family solidarity in Sweden
Authors: Albertini Marco , Gähler Michael , Härkönen Juho 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne of the most obvious consequences of divorce is the moving out of one or both ex‐partners from the formerly common household. Here we focus on a particular postdivorce residential move, the return to the parental home in Sweden, where intergenerational coresidence is uncommon. We ask whether family dissolution increases the likelihood of intergenerational coresidence among separated/divorced individuals who have at least 1 child below age 18. Furthermore, we ask whether the strength of the effect depends on socio‐economic and geographical factors. Our analysis of 670,777 individuals from Swedish population register data shows that even if living with parents is, in absolute terms, not a common intergenerational support strategy, its likelihood increases considerably after a family dissolution. This event increases the probability of living with one's parents especially among men, those with low incomes, and those who live close to their parent(s). We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on patterns of intergenerational support across Europe.
Immediate mandibular reconstruction via patient‐specific titanium mesh tray using electron beam melting/CAD/rapid prototyping techniques: One‐year follow‐up
Authors: Farid Shehab Mohamed , Hamid Nabila Mohammed Abdel , Askar Nevien Abdullatif , Elmardenly Ahmed Mokhtar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundImmediate mandibular reconstruction was performed using a patient‐specific titanium mesh tray fabricated by electron beam melting (EBM) /rapid prototyping techniques.MethodsPatient‐specific titanium trays were virtually designed and fabricated using EBM technology/rapid prototyping for patients requiring mandibular resection and immediate reconstruction using an iliac crest bone graft. Dental implants were placed in the grafted sites and the patients received prosthetic rehabilitation with a follow‐up of one year. Clinical data, postoperative bone formation and complications were evaluated.ResultsA symmetric appearance of facial contours was achieved. The titanium tray incorporated the particulate iliac crest bone graft that provided significant bone formation (mean 18.97 ± 1.45 mm) and predictable results. Stability of the dental implants was achieved.ConclusionThe patient‐specific titanium meshes and immediate particulate autogenous bone graft showed satisfactory clinical and surgical results in improving patients’ quality of life and decreasing the overall treatment time with adequate functional rehabilitation.
Two‐Step Assembly of Thermoresponsive Gold Nanorods Coated with a Single Kind of Ligand
Authors: Iida Ryo , Mitomo Hideyuki , Niikura Kenichi , Matsuo Yasutaka , Ijiro Kuniharu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGold nanorods (GNRs) coated with a single kind of ligand show thermoreponsive two‐step assembly to provide a hierarchical structure. The GNRs (33 nm in length × 14 nm in diameter) coated with a hexa(ethylene glycol) (HEG) derivative form side‐by‐side assemblies at 30 °C (TA1) as a steady state through dehydration. By further heating to over 40 °C (TA2), larger assemblies, which are composed of the side‐by‐side assembled units, are formed as hierarchical structures. The dehydration temperature of the HEG derivative varies depending on the free volume of the HEG unit, which corresponds to the curvature of the GNRs. Upon heating, dehydration first occurs from the ligands on the side portions with a lower curvature, and then from the ligands on the edge portions with a higher curvature. The different sized GNRs (33 × 8 and 54 × 15 nm) also show two‐step assembly. Both the TA1 and TA2 are dependent on the diameter of the GNRs, but independent of their length. This result supports that the dehydration is dependent on the free volume, which corresponds to the curvature. Anisotropic assembly focusing on differences in curvature provides new guidelines for the fabrication of hierarchical structures.
The influencing causes of software unavailability: A case study from industry
Authors: Ebad Shouki A. 
Published: February 2018

SummarySoftware unavailability can lead to disastrous consequences ranging from delays and cancellation to a loss of millions of dollars of technology. However, research on the causes that can make systems unavailable is still little. The aim of this paper is to investigate such causes in an industrial context using 2 qualitative approaches ((a) interview and (b) retrospective analysis) using archival data and records from a student information system. As a result, connectivity, human, hardware, storage, and software were found to be the important categories of causes for the unavailability. Besides, the critical lessons to be learned that relate to activities of software management and software business are also discussed. This includes vendor support, systems documentation, health check process, licensing, and software updating or upgrading. To strengthen the claim that our findings are promising, we compare our main findings with those of a previous study. This study can generally assist software engineering people including engineers, developers, project managers, vendors. Additionally, this paper dis cusses the threats to the study's validity and suggests open problems for future research.
Chronic lead exposure enhances the sympathoexcitatory response associated with P2X4 receptor in rat stellate ganglia
Authors: Zhu Gaochun , Chen Zhenying , Dai Bo , Zheng Chaoran , Jiang Huaide , Xu Yurong , Sheng Xuan , Guo Jingjing , Dan Yu , Liang Shangdong , Li Guilin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChronic lead exposure causes peripheral sympathetic nerve stimulation, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Purinergic receptors are involved in the sympathoexcitatory response induced by myocardial ischemia injury. However, whether P2X4 receptor participates in sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure and the possible mechanisms are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the change of the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure via the P2X4 receptor in the stellate ganglion (SG). Rats were given lead acetate through drinking water freely at doses of 0 g/L (control group), 0.5 g/L (low lead group), and 2 g/L (high lead group) for 1 year. Our results demonstrated that lead exposure caused autonomic nervous dysfunction, including blood pressure and heart rate increased and heart rate variability (HRV) decreased. Western blotting results indicated that after lead exposure, the protein expression levels in the SG of P2X4 receptor, IL‐1β and Cx43 were up‐regulated, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) was activated. Real‐time PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of P2X4 receptor in the SG was higher in lead exposure group than that in the control group. Double‐labeled immunofluorescence results showed that P2X4 receptor was co‐expressed with glutamine synthetase (GS), the marker of satellite glial cells (SGCs). These changes were positively correlated with the dose of lead exposure. The up‐regulated expression of P2X4 receptor in SGCs of the SG maybe enhance the sympathoexcitatory response induced by chronic lead exposure.
Is Treatment With Dithiothreitol More Effective Than Sonication for the Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection?
Authors: Sambri Andrea , Cadossi Matteo , Giannini Sandro , Pignatti Giovanni , Marcacci Maurilio , Neri Maria Pia , Maso Alessandra , Storni Elisa , Gamberini Simonetta , Naldi Susanna , Torri Arianna , Zannoli Silvia , Tassinari Martina , Fantini Michela , Bianchi Giuseppe , Donati Davide , Sambri Vittorio 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is among the most-severe complications of a total joint arthroplasty. Identification of the causal organism is of paramount importance for successful treatment, and sonication of implants may aid in this identification. Dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment has been proposed as an alternative to sonication to improve diagnosis, reduce costs, and improve reliability of the procedure, but its efficacy remains poorly characterized.

Questions/purposes
(1) Are DTT and sonication more sensitive and/or more specific than standard cultures of tissue samples for the diagnosis of PJI? (2) Which test (DTT or sonication) is more sensitive when the clinician does not suspect infection before surgery? (3) Which test (DTT or sonication) is more sensitive when the clinician suspects infection before surgery?

Methods
Two hundred thirty-two patients undergoing revision of a knee or hip arthroplasty were prospectively evaluated in this randomized study. Cultures were performed on five tissue samples from each patient and on fluid obtained by prosthesis treatment in patients randomly assigned to sonication (117 patients) or DTT (115 patients). The reference standard against which cultures (on tissue samples and on fluids from sonication or DTT) were compared was the Musculoskeletal Infection Society definition of PJI.

Results
Cultures on sonication and DTT fluids provided higher sensitivity (89% and 91%, respectively) than those on standard cultures of tissue samples (79%; p < 0.001). Among patients in whom infection was not suspected before surgery, the sensitivity of DTT was greater than that for sonication and cultures on tissue samples (100% versus 70% and 50%; p < 0.001). Among patients in whom infection was suspected before surgery, the sensitivity of DTT and sonication were not greater than that for standard cultures (89% and 94% versus 86%).

Conclusions
In this randomized study, we found no difference in sensitivity between DTT and sonication for the detection of PJI, and both of those tests were more sensitive than standard tissue cultures. Thus, cultures of sonication or DTT fluid should be considered important additional tools to standard cultures for definition of PJI and should be considered together with other criteria, especially in settings where infection is not suspected before revision surgery.

Level of Evidence Level I, diagnostic study.
Current Emergency Preparedness Resources and Capabilities Among Academic Health Systems in the United States
Authors: Biddinger Paul D. , Reisman David , Seger Robert F. , Prestipino Ann L. , Sinclair Julia , Wante Barry , Goralnick Eric , Kemen Katherine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough hospital emergency preparedness efforts have been recognized as important, there has been growing pressure on cost containment, as well as consolidation within the US health care system. There is little data looking at what health care emergency preparedness functions have been, could be, or should be centrally coordinated at a system level.MethodsWe developed a questionnaire for academic health systems and asked about program funding, resources provided, governance, and activities. The questionnaire also queried managers’ opinions regarding the appropriate role for the system-level resources in emergency response, as well as about what is most helpful at the system-level supporting preparedness.ResultsFifty-two of 97 systems (54%) responded. The most frequently occurring system-wide activities included: creating trainings or exercise templates (75%), promoting preparedness for employees in the system (75%), providing access to specific subject matter experts (73%), and developing specific plans for individual member entities within their system (73%). The top resources provided included a common mass notification system (71%), arranging for centralized contracts for goods and services (71%), and providing subject matter expertise (69%).ConclusionsCurrently, there is wide variation in the resources, capabilities, and programs used to support and coordinate system-level emergency preparedness among academic health systems. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:574–577)
Evaluation of a Novel Disaster Nursing Education Method
Authors: Levoy Kristin , DeBastiani Summer D. , McCabe Brian E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveA common method of disaster training is needed to improve disaster nursing education and facilitate better communication among interprofessional disaster responders. To inform the development of disaster nursing curricula, a novel disaster nursing education method consistent with Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) framework was developed to improve disaster nursing competencies in a baccalaureate nursing program.MethodsIn total, 89 undergraduate nursing students participated. Perceived disaster nursing knowledge, confidence, and training/response were assessed with 14 items before and after the education.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors, knowledge, confidence, and training/response, explained 71% of variation in items. Nursing students showed large improvements in perceived disaster nursing knowledge (t=11.95,P<0.001, Cohen’sd=1.76), moderate increases in perceived confidence (t=4.54,P<0.001,d=0.67), and no change in disaster training and response (t=0.94,P=0.351,d=0.13).ConclusionsResults show preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of disaster nursing education informed by HSEEP. This training has the potential to fill current practice gaps in disaster nursing knowledge and build confidence to use those skills in practice. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:703-710)
Path oscillations and enhanced drag of light rising spheres
Authors: Auguste Franck , Magnaudet Jacques 
Published: February 2018

The dynamics of light spheres rising freely under buoyancy in a large expanse of viscous fluid at rest at infinity is investigated numerically. For this purpose, the computational approach developed by Mougin & Magnaudet (Intl J. Multiphase Flow, vol. 28, 2002, pp. 1837–1851) is improved to account for the instantaneous viscous loads induced by the translational and rotational sphere accelerations, which play a crucial role in the dynamics of very light spheres. A comprehensive map of the rise regimes encountered up to Reynolds numbers (based on the sphere diameter and mean rise velocity) of the order of $10^{3}$ is set up by varying independently the body-to-fluid density ratio and the relative magnitude of inertial and viscous effects in approximately 250 distinct combinations. These computations confirm or reveal the presence of several distinct periodic regions on the route to chaos, most of which only exist within a finite range of the sphere relative density and Reynolds number. The wake structure is analysed in these various regimes, evidencing the existence of markedly different shedding modes according to the style of path. The variation of the drag force with the flow parameters is also examined, revealing that only one of the styles of path specific to very light spheres yields a non-standard drag behaviour, with drag coefficients significantly larger than those measured on a fixed sphere under equivalent conditions. The outcomes of this investigation are compared with available experimental and numerical results, evidencing points of consensus and disagreement.
Factors influencing microhabitat selection and food preference of tree-dwelling earwigs (Dermaptera) in a temperate floodplain forest
Authors: Kirstová M. , Pyszko P. , Kočárek P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ecology of earwigs in natural forest ecosystems is poorly understood. We used sweeping to determine the population densities of adult earwigs, by sex and species, on ten tree species in a temperate floodplain forest in southern Moravia (Czech Republic). We also determined the relationships between the properties of tree species and earwig density and diet as indicated by digestive tract contents. The densities and diet composition of earwigs differed between the three detected earwig species [Apterygida media (Hagenbach, 1822), Chelidurella acanthopygia (Genè, 1832) and Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758] and among tree species. Earwig densities were related to lichen coverage and fungal coverage on the trees. The diet of earwigs was associated with specific leaf area, herbivore damage to the leaves, and light exposure of the trees. A. media was the most abundant of the three earwig species. Although the contents of its digestive tract changed depending on available food resources, A. media appeared to preferentially consume soft-bodied insect herbivores and fungi associated with wounds caused by herbivores rather than plant material. Therefore, this species has the potential to help reduce the population densities of soft-bodied pests of forest trees.