bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exertional hematuria: definition, epidemiology, diagnostic and clinical considerations
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Exertional hematuria can be considered a subcategory of exercise-induced hematuria, characterized by painless appearance of erythrocytes in urine after recent physical exercise, not directly attributable to external traumatic injuries to the genitourinary system, and spontaneously resolving with rest. Although its frequency has enormous heterogeneity, depending on the athlete population, duration and intensity of exercise, technique used for identifying or quantifying hematuria and relative diagnostic thresholds, what clearly emerges from the scientific literature is that a certain degree of hematuria is commonplace after non-contact sports, especially running. This exertional hematuria, which appears self-limiting, may be attributable to some frequently concomitant causes, involving organs of the genitourinary system, and mostly encompassing bladder or urethral injuries. Renal injuries caused by internal movements, vascular spasm and ischemia are also potential causes of increased glomerular permeability to erythrocytes, whilst the presence of preexisting genitourinary diseases cannot be ruled out, especially when post-exercise hematuria is recurrent or endures. Therefore, whenever hematuria is observed in a random urine specimen, recent sports performance (especially running) should be investigated and urinalyses scheduled for the following days. When no temporal association of hematuria with exercise can be found, when genitourinary traumas have been excluded or hematuria persists for >72 h, specific diagnostic investigations should be planned to identify possible genitourinary diseases.
Dynamic Fiscal Solvency with Consumption and Capital Taxes
Authors: Kudła Janusz , Kopczewska Katarzyna , Kocia Agata , Kruszewski Robert , Walczyk Konrad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo finance public expenditure a government needs to raise revenue, which mainly comes from taxes and borrowings. During a financial crisis, however, financing of budget deficit is particularly difficult because of a rise in debt servicing costs that crowd out other expenses and raise the concern for government solvency. In extreme cases, governments are constrained to tax, as borrowing opportunities are strictly limited or unavailable. Still, governments can choose from tax menu options (income and consumption taxes), given the flexibility of the tax mix. This article presents a long-term dynamic model of fiscal solvency that shows the equilibrium the revenue maximising government can obtain with reasonable tax rates when capital income can be shifted and there are constraints on the consumption tax. Specifically, the solution predicts a positive level of bonds in the long-term equilibrium and the tax rates dependent positively on the abundance of the tax bases.
Discussion of some recent literature on hydrogen-embrittlement mechanisms: addressing common misunderstandings
Authors: Lynch Stan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There have been several reviews and numerous papers on hydrogen-embrittlement phenomena and mechanisms in the past few years, but long-standing controversies regarding mechanisms of embrittlement (when hydride phases are not involved) are no closer to being resolved despite all the recent research. These controversies have arisen partly because there have been significant misunderstandings of some of the proposed mechanisms, and some misinterpretation of experimental observations. There has also been a lack of consideration of all the evidence, with some researchers ignoring observations that do not fit their favoured hypothesis. Some recent reviews and papers illustrating the above points are discussed in the present paper, although a comprehensive coverage is not attempted. It is concluded that the adsorption-induced dislocation-emission/void-coalescence mechanism predominates for cleavage-like and intergranular fracture modes that exhibit microscale or nanoscale dimples. Hydrogen-enhanced decohesion, hydrogen-enhanced localised plasticity, and vacancy-based mechanisms may play secondary roles for such fracture modes and could be more important in other cases.
Typical changes of ethmocephaly and holoprosencephaly in a fetus at 14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Altmann Reinhard , Allerstorfer Christina , Scharnreitner Iris , Arzt Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
This case report is to show the details of the face of a very rare ethmocephaly at 14 weeks of gestation.

Case presentation
After the regular transabdominal two-dimensional (2D) scan for nuchal translucency we could describe the following malformations: holoprosencephaly, proboscis and an abnormal face, omphalocele containing bowel, hyperechoic kidneys and megacystis. In addition, we acquired transvaginal three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound volume blocks of the fetal head, scanned with different insonation angles and stored them for later analysis. Using the multiplanar mode the volume blocks taken from the front show all details of the face: proboscis, hypotelorism, microphthalmia, cleft palate, accelerated development of the frontal bones and premature closure of the metopic suture. The volume blocks taken through the squamosal suture show all details of the fossa posterior and brain: fused thalami surrounded by the typical monoventricle, normal brain stem, elongation of anterior membranous area. Render mode shows a precise 3D image of the face. To better demonstrate the changes of the fetal face a post-mortem photo of the fetal face is included.

Conclusion
This case report can demonstarte the typical changes of ethmocephaly in the first trimester using transvaginal 3D scan.
Wittgensteins Tagebuchschreiben als Weg der Vervollkommnung und Suche nach Klarheit
Authors: Somavilla Ilse 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Apart from the coded part of the Notebooks 1914–1916 and a diary of the 1930s (published as Denkbewegungen), there are numerous so called diarian remarks scattered throughout Wittgenstein’s philosophical manuscripts, many of them written in code. Even though my article will focus on the personal diarian entries, I will hint at the tight connection to Wittgenstein’s philosophical remarks – above all with regard to the ethical impulse determining Wittgenstein’s way of life as well as his way of writing philosophy, where an obsessive search for clarity and perfection can be observed.
Preparing an injectable hydrogel with sodium alginate and Type I collagen to create better MSCs growth microenvironment
Authors: Zhou Jiankang , Zhang Kun , Ma Shanshan , Liu Tengfei , Yao Minghao , Li Jingan , Wang Xiaofeng , Guan Fangxia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the past few decades, stem cell transplantation has been generally accepted as an effective method on the treatment of tissue and organ injury. However, the insufficient number of transplanted stem cells and low survival rate that caused by series of negative conditions limit the therapeutic effect. In this contribution, we developed an injectable hydrogel composed of sodium alginate (SA) and Type I collagen (ColI), as the tissue scaffold to create better growth microenvironment for the stem cells. Compared the traditional SA scaffold, the ColI/SA hydrogel inherits its biomimetic properties, and simultaneously has shorter gelation time which means less loss of the transplanted stem cells. The mesenchyma stem cell (MSC) culture experiments indicated that the ColI/SA hydrogel could prevent the MSC apoptosis and contributed to faster MSC proliferation. It is highlighted that this ColI/SA hydrogel may have potential application for tissue regeneration and organ repair as the stem cell scaffold.
Modifications of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for antimicrobial and wound healing applications
Authors: Alavi Mehran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, great attention has been paid to nano-composites of cellulose, due to their unique structure as a most abundant natural polymer with having exceptional properties such as renewable, biodegradable and high specific tensile strength, aspect ratio, and Young’s modulus. Prominent cellulose is naturally present in plant lignocellulosic biomass as a biocomposite made of cellulose, hemi-celluloses, lignin, etc. In addition, it can be extracted from other natural sources including bacteria, algae, and sea animals. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that has various applications, such as food, paper production, industrial and pharmaceutical biomaterials. The surface modification on NCC can improves its disperse ability in different solvents and its utilization in protein immobilization, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and inorganic reaction template. Therefore, based on recent studies, this review illustrated considerable progresses with addressing medicinal properties involving antimicrobial and biocompatibility of nano-cellulose (NC) in the case of wound healing.
Long-term durability antibacterial microcapsules with plant-derived Chinese nutgall and their applications in wound dressing
Authors: Xue Wen , Zhang Mengxing , Zhao Fan , Wang Fujun , Gao Jing , Wang Lu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWound infection is a significant burden on public health. Most present antibacterial agents are typically toxic and devoid of long-term durability. We reported an antimicrobial microcapsule with Chinese nutgall (CN) encapsulated, which was a plant-derived extraction. It is biocompatible and has been used in traditional medicine systems. Sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan worked as shells. The promise of the design is to adopt biocompatible natural polymers and electrostatic attractive chitosan and SA form stable shells to keep long-term release of CN. The results exhibited microcapsules with integrated performance of biocompatibility, long-term durability (inhibition rate of 98.99% against S. aureus after 12 h and 100% after 12 h, 99.61% against E. coli after 6 h and 100% after 12 h), high antibacterial efficacy (with S. aureus inhibition zones of 7.67 mm and E. coli inhibition zones of 5.27 mm) and ease of storage (-20°C for more than 60 h). Their successful fabrication may provide new insights into application of traditional cotton gauze in a sustainable and multifunctional form.
A Modern Standard Contract Terms Law from Reasonable Assent to Enhanced Fairness Control
Authors: Grundmann Stefan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper gives a birds’ eye view on the ALI Restatement on Consumer Contracts (proposal) and European, and partly also Member State, law of standard contract terms with respect to the environment where these standard contracts and assent to them appears to be particularly fleeting, namely in digital contexts. It does so, however, with a broader scope: It tries to explain why assent rules are not meaningless even in a world where most consumers and customers do not read standard contract terms, and it tries to explain how lessons could be deduced also for a meaningful and more differentiated fairness control. It argues that favouring intervention of control (ie information) intermediaries – such as consumer associations – is key and that the preservation of possibilities for negotiation should be maintained and valued. In these respects, the paper is inspired in good part by company law and capital market law dealing with parallel problems.
Spatial data quality and uncertainty publication patterns and trends by bibliometric analysis
Authors: Bielecka Elżbieta , Burek Elżbieta 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Using the literature review and quantitative analysis, the research on the quality and uncertainty of spatial data have been compared and analysed according to years of publication, authors, document types, WoS categories, and countries. The paper portrayed the development in the field, studied the state and evolution of the most productive and influential journals, conferences, and research institutions. The results showed that remote sensing, computer science, and geography relate mostly to data imperfection and assessment of its uncertainty. This relation is clearly translated into the most productive journals, and conferences proceedings. The top-ranked countries in this field are United States, China, and the United Kingdom.
Biosynthesis, characterization and anti-microbial activity of silver nanoparticle based gel hand wash
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Muqtader , Fatima Farhat , Anwer Md. Khalid , Alshahrani Saad M. , Alalaiwe Ahmed , Katakam Prakash 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the current study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesised by microwave irradiation using Azadirachta indica. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 408 nm at UV-visible spectroscopy due to reduction of silver metal into (AgNPs) and further confirmed its particles in nano range. Nine different smart-gel hand wash were prepared by dispersing (AgNPs) in the HPMC and/or Pluronic F-127 polymers. The prepared smart gel hand wash was optimized based on pH, viscosity, spreadability, foamability, clarity. The optimized hand wash (NH5) had pH (6.6 ± 0.33), viscosity (66 ± 0.77, cp), spreadability (24.34 g-cm/s), foamability (100 mL). The optimized hand wash (NH5) showed a superior efficacy against pathogenic organisms in comparison to germ protection based marketed hand wash.
Volcanic ash as reusable catalyst in the green synthesis of 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines
Authors: Muñoz Mercedes , Pasquale Gustavo , Sathicq Angel Gabriel , Romanelli Gustavo Pablo , Cabello Carmen Inés , Gazzoli Delia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The volcanic ash from the Andes mountain range (Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex situated in western South America on the Argentinean-Chilean border) was used as heterogeneous acid catalyst in the suitable synthesis of 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines. The natural ashes were classified according to their particle size to generate the different catalytic materials. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), vibrational spectroscopies (FT-IR and Raman), and textural properties were determined by N2 adsorption (SBET). Potentiometric titration with n-butylamine was used to determine the acidic properties of the catalytic materials. Several 3H-1,5-benzodiazepines were obtained by reaction of o-phenylenediamine and substituted 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione in solvent-free conditions, giving good to excellent yields of a variety benzodiazepines. The method was carried out in environmentally friendly conditions and it was operationally simple. The volcanic ash resulted in a safe and recyclable catalyst.
The first in situ synthesis of 1,3-dioxan-5-one derivatives and their direct use in Claisen-Schmidt reactions
Authors: Javad Poursharifi M. , Mojtahedi Mohammad M. , Saeed Abaee M. , Hashemi Mohammad M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA method is developed for in situ generation of 1,3-dioxan-5-one derivatives 2. These compounds are simple precursors for accessing carbohydrate structures and previously had to be produced via stepwise procedures using excessive amounts of reagents. In the present work, three different derivatives of 2 were synthesized via the reaction of trialkoxyalkanes with dihydroxyacetone dimer 1 in the presence of acetic acid as the catalyst. In the same pot, derivatives of 2 were reacted with aromatic aldehydes and 30 mol% of pyrrolidine to obtain high yields of the respective bischalcones 3 within short time periods.
Red blood cells participate in reverse cholesterol transport by mediating cholesterol efflux of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I from THP-1 macrophages
Authors: Lai Shao-Jui , Ohkawa Ryunosuke , Horiuchi Yuna , Kubota Tetsuo , Tozuka Minoru 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a main role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), one of the most important functions for preventing atherosclerosis. Recent reports have shown that red blood cells (RBCs) can be associated with RCT, an interaction facilitated by albumin. However, the RCT function of RBCs has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, the RCT function of RBCs was assessed using cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) assays, in which [3H]-labeled cholesterol-loaded human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) macrophages were incubated with RBCs as a cholesterol acceptor in the presence or absence of HDL or its main component protein apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). The CEC of RBCs was found to be dose dependent, enabling uptake of cholesterol from THP-1 macrophages through apoA-I and HDL, and directly from apoA-I and HDL in medium without the presence THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, RBCs could exchange cholesterol with HDL in a bidirectional manner but could only exchange cholesterol with apoA-I in a single direction. Although albumin promoted the movement of cholesterol, synergistic effects were not observed for both apoA-I and HDL, in contrast to previous findings. These results strongly suggested that RBCs may play important roles in RCT by mediating cholesterol efflux as temporary cholesterol storage.
Social formation and collapse in the Tisza-Maros region: dating the Maros Group and its Late Bronze Age successors
Authors: O'Shea John M. , Parditka Györgyi , Nicodemus Amy , Kristiansen Kristian , Sjögren Karl-Göran , Paja László , Pálfi György , Milašinović Lidija 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Microstructure Evolution of Saturated Clay Under Cyclic Shearing
Authors: Lin Peng , Ye Guanbao , Garg Ankit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Changes in soil microstructure are important for understanding the macro-behavior of soil. Studies in the past have mainly focused on analysing variations under isotropic and one-dimensional consolidation. The present study aims to investigate the microstructure evolution of saturated clay under cyclic shearing. Cyclic triaxial tests are carried out under different magnitudes of effective confining pressure, cyclic deviator stress, and overconsolidation ratio (OCR). The soil microstructure is determined through the scanning electron microscope and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. It is observed that there is a threshold cyclic deviator stress, above which the soil specimens show significant plastic strain and eventually fail. The threshold value is found to increase almost linearly with the increase of effective confining pressure and OCR. On the other hand, when the cyclic deviator stress is higher than the threshold value, some large pores appear even though the total pore volume is kept constant (undrained condition under cyclic loads). With the appearance of some larger pores, the soil skeleton becomes weaker and eventually fails.
Experimental Investigation of Obliquely Incident Blast Wave Effect on Deflection of Running Cracks
Authors: Yang Renshu , Chen Cheng , Xu Peng , Ding Chenxi , Zhang Zhaoran 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dynamic caustics in conjunction with high-speed photography were used in experiments to investigate the interaction of obliquely incident blast stress waves with running cracks. The dynamic photoelastic experiment method was used to supplement and improve the effects of different blast stress wave properties on the running crack. This indicated that the crack-tip mode II stress field affected the crack deflection direction. When the moving crack-tip mode II stress intensity factor KII was positive, the crack deflected clockwise. When the stress intensity factor KII was negative, the crack deflected in the counterclockwise direction. The incident direction of the blast stress wave affected the deflection of the crack. When the direction of the blast stress wave was the same as the direction of the moving crack propagation, the moving crack deflected away from the blast wave source. When the blast stress wave propagation direction was opposite to the crack propagation direction, the crack deflected toward the blast wave source. During the interaction of an obliquely incident blast stress wave with a moving crack, the P wave caused the deflection of the crack. The tails of the P wave and S wave interacted with the kinked crack to increase the mode I stress intensity factor KI and the crack propagation velocity.
Open Chromatin Profiling in Adipose Tissue Marks Genomic Regions with Functional Roles in Cardiometabolic Traits
Authors: Cannon Maren E , Currin Kevin W , Young Kristin L , Perrin Hannah J , Vadlamudi Swarooparani , Safi Alexias , Song Lingyun , Wu Ying , Wabitsch Martin , Laakso Markku , Crawford Gregory E , Mohlke Karen L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentifying the regulatory mechanisms of genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci affecting adipose tissue has been restricted due to limited characterization of adipose transcriptional regulatory elements. We profiled chromatin accessibility in three frozen human subcutaneous adipose tissue needle biopsies and preadipocytes and adipocytes from the Simpson Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) cell strain using an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq). We identified 68,571 representative accessible chromatin regions (peaks) across adipose tissue samples (FDR &lt; 5%). GWAS loci for eight cardiometabolic traits were enriched in these peaks (P &lt; 0.005), with the strongest enrichment for waist-hip ratio. Of 110 recently described cardiometabolic GWAS loci colocalized with adipose tissue eQTLs, 59 loci had one or more variants overlapping an adipose tissue peak. Annotated variants at the SNX10 waist-hip ratio locus and the ATP2A1-SH2B1 body mass index locus showed allelic differences in regulatory assays. These adipose tissue accessible chromatin regions elucidate genetic variants that may alter adipose tissue function to impact cardiometabolic traits.
Mos1 Element-Mediated CRISPR Integration of Transgenes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Philip Nicholas S , Escobedo Fernando , Bahr Laura L , Berry Brandon J , Wojtovich Andrew P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The introduction of exogenous genes in single-copy at precise genomic locations is a powerful tool that has been widely used in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we have streamlined the process by creating a rapid, cloning-free method of single-copy transgene insertion we call Mos1 element-mediated CRISPR integration (mmCRISPi). The protocol combines the impact of Mos1 mediated single-copy gene insertion (mosSCI) with the ease of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing, allowing in vivo construction of transgenes from linear DNA fragments integrated at defined loci in the C. elegans genome. This approach was validated by defining its efficiency at different integration sites in the genome and by testing transgene insert size. The mmCRISPi method benefits from in vivo recombination of overlapping PCR fragments, allowing researchers to mix-and-match between promoters, protein-coding sequences, and 3′ untranslated regions, all inserted in a single step at a defined Mos1 loci.