bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop Diversification Strategy to Improve Economic Value in Brazilian Sugarcane Production
Authors: Borba de Moraes Farinelli Juliana , Lopes Santos David Ferreira , Fernandes Carolina , Honorato Fernandes Mariele Monique , Flavio da Silva Matheus 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
The authors evaluated economically different treatments for sugarcane renewal.
The authors present the impact of the diversification on sugarcane production on venture risk.
The authors used the real options theory with a polynomial approach to model the managerial flexibility in exchanging sugarcane with soybean.
Crop diversity is beneficial to rural properties in terms of reducing business risks and increasing agricultural revenues. In sugarcane (Saccharum spp) farming, crop diversity using rotation or succession planting remains a paradigm for rural producers, largely because the productive cycle of sugarcane differs from that of annual crops, obliging farmers to grow it for between 4 and 6 yr to compensate for the high initial investment in planting. Sugarcane producers in Brazil only plant another crop at the end of the cycle to renew the plantation. The present study questions this paradigm by using the real options theory to capture the value of managerial flexibility in diversifying production to minimize risk and increase revenue by alternating between sugarcane and soybean (Glycine max) crops, considering a polynomial model that combines market and yield volatility. To that end, the research data were based on an experiment performed over 6 yr using different sugarcane succession systems on a rural property in the region of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Results suggest that succession planting of soybean/crotalaria/soybean/sugarcane exhibited the best agronomic and economic–financial performance and that diversifying crops using the portfolio theory increased the value of the project. Greater return on investment was obtained by replacing sugarcane with soybean, making it possible to opt for the crop change at the third cane cutting, a completely new scenario in Brazil, the largest sugarcane producer in the world.
Effects of Subsurface Banding and Broadcast of Poultry Litter and Cover Crop on Soil Microbial Populations
Authors: Brooks John P. , Tewolde Haile , Adeli Ardeshir , Shankle Mark W. , Way Thomas R. , Smith Renotta K. , Pepper Ian L. 
Published: April 2018

Agronomic management is aimed at managing the crop environment to maximize crop yield, but soil biology is often ignored. This study aimed to compare the application of poultry litter via broadcast and subsurface banding versus standard inorganic fertilizer to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their effects on soil bacterial populations and fecal indicator bacteria. The study comprised a randomized complete block design, with fertilizer and time of application as treatment effects and cover crop as a main effect. Soil cores were collected and analyzed from 2008 to 2014. Fecal indicator bacteria were at detection limits for all treatments, where the integron 1 gene was significantly elevated in litter plots. There were few differences between litter application approaches, but both significantly increased key biogeochemical genes over control plots, whereas a cover crop only increased soil moisture and urease C. Data suggested a positive residual effect of litter application with 16S, phosphatase A, and urease C genes elevated over controls, but similar to standard fertilizer plots. High‐throughput 16S ribosomal RNA analysis suggested increased diversity and enrichment indices in litter and standard fertilizer over untreated control plots. Litter and standard fertilizer effects persisted 4 and 2 yr after application, respectively, as evidenced by residual library community structures. This study demonstrated the positive effects of litter application on the soil bacterial community when compared with untreated control plots. Some differences between standard fertilization and litter practices were noted and suggest that there is a positive residual effect on soil microbial populations associated with both practices.Core Ideas
Poultry litter application changed microbial populations in soil.
Standard fertilization and poultry litter had residual effects on microbial population.
Key biogeochemical genes were increased as a result of fertilization with litter.
Fecal indicator bacteria were not readily detectable in litter or soil.
Application of litter has long‐term desirable effects on soil.
Phosphorus Sorption to Aluminum‐based Water Treatment Residuals Reacted with Dairy Wastewater: 2. X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Massey Michael S. , Zohar Iris , Ippolito James A. , Litaor M. Iggy 
Published: April 2018

Phosphorus capture from wastewater can decrease water pollution and provide a P‐rich fertilizer alternative for use in agricultural production. This study was conducted to elucidate P retention mechanisms in Al‐based water treatment residuals (Al‐WTR) to gain insight regarding P sorption and the potential for P release from Al‐WTR after reaction with dairy wastewater. Synchrotron‐based microfocused X‐ray fluorescence (micro‐XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K‐edge micro‐XANES spectroscopy were used to determine P distribution and speciation within the Al‐WTR materials. Bulk XANES analyses indicated a shift from ∼56 P atom % Ca‐associated P in the initial Al‐WTR to ∼32% P atom % Ca‐associated P after reaction with wastewater; Al‐associated P made up the remainder of the P species. According to XANES analyses, adsorption appeared to be the primary P retention mechanism in the Al‐WTR materials. However, micro‐XANES analyses depicted a more complicated picture of P retention mechanisms, with regions of primarily Al‐associated P, regions of primarily Ca‐associated P, regions of mixed Al‐ and Ca‐associated P, and distinct apatite‐ or octocalcium phosphate‐like P grains. Synchrotron micro‐XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al‐WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K‐edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. Although diffusion and sorption to Al may decrease P bioavailability, Ca‐associated P may increase P bioavailability from Al‐WTR that is reused as a soil amendment.Core Ideas
XAS provided unambiguous evidence of P associations with Al and Ca in water treatment residuals.
Phosphorus adsorbed to Al and Ca surfaces in Al‐based water treatment residuals.
Grains of apatite‐ or octocalcium phosphate‐like P were found in water treatment residuals.
Phosphorus diffused into aggregates on reaction with P‐rich wastewater.
Evidence from electron microscopy and XRD complemented these findings.
Identifying and Eliminating Sources of Recreational Water Quality Degradation along an Urban Coast
Authors: Nevers Meredith B. , Byappanahalli Murulee N. , Shively Dawn , Buszka Paul M. , Jackson P. Ryan , Phanikumar Mantha S. 
Published: April 2018

Restoration of highly degraded urban coastal waters often requires large‐scale, complex projects, but in the interim, smaller‐scale efforts can provide immediate improvements to water quality conditions for visitor use. We examined short‐term efforts to improve recreational water quality near the Grand Calumet River (GC) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Identified as an Area of Concern (AOC) by the International Joint Commission, the GC has experienced years of industrial and municipal waste discharges, and as a result, coastal beaches have some of the highest rates of beach closings (>70%) in the United States. Project objectives were to identify sources of microbial contamination and to evaluate a short‐term management solution to decrease beach closings: during 2015 (partial) and 2016 (season‐long), canines were used to deter gull presence. Water samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli in 2015 and 2016, and fecal sources were evaluated using microbial source tracking markers (2015): human (Bacteroides HF183, Methanobrevibacter nifH), gull (Gull2), and dog (DogBact). Hydrometeorological conditions were simultaneously measured. Results indicated that human, gull, and canine fecal sources were present, with gulls being the dominant source. Escherichia coli densities were highly correlated with number of gulls present, Gull2 marker, and turbidity. Gull deterrence decreased E. coli and Gull2 marker detection during 2015, but numbers rebounded after program completion. The full‐season program in 2016 resulted in lower E. coli densities and fewer beach closings. Large‐scale restoration efforts are underway at this location, but short‐term, small‐scale projects can be useful for reducing beach closings and restoring ecosystem services.Core Ideas
Microbial source tracking shows gulls as a major source of E. coli contamination at urban beaches.
River impacts are variable but can contribute human fecal contamination to shoreline beaches.
Multiple conditions—embayment and algal growth—complicate the issue of beach closings.
Gull deterrence by trained dogs is an effective short‐term management option for beaches.
Nitrogen Additions Promote Decomposition of Soil Organic Carbon in a Tibetan Alpine Meadow
Authors: Li Jin Hua , Li Feng , Li Wen Jin , Chen Shan , Abbott L.K. , Knops Johannes M. H. 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Litter addition increased C decomposition.
Litter properties were more important than abiotic soil properties in controlling C decomposition.
N addition would increase decomposition of SOC with added litter and decrease SOC accumulation by altering litter quality.
In grassland ecosystems, nitrogen (N)‐induced changes in plant community often affect grassland soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and accumulation. However, there is no consensus on the biological and chemical mechanisms that underlie the response of SOC decomposition to N‐addition. In this study, we did a litter addition experiment to study the decomposition of SOC with added litter of six dominant plant species collected from N alone or N combined with phosphorus (N+P) fertilization treatments in a 7‐yr field experiment. The experiment showed that there were no consistent responses of plant chemical properties to N alone or N+P addition. Fertilization altered plants species' dominance in community, in particular the grass Elymus nutans. Litter addition significantly increased C decomposition, with the highest decomposition rates of SOC with added litter of all six plant species in N+P treatment. In general, both plant litter properties of organic C, total N (TN), lignin concentrations, and soil properties of SOC and TN, but not soil microbial biomass C, were the main factors determining cumulative decomposition of SOC with added litter. Litter properties were more important than abiotic soil properties in controlling C decomposition. This study indicated that fertilization with N alone or N+P can increase decomposition of SOC with added litter and lower SOC accumulation through changes in plant species' dominance and chemical properties of litter. In terms of maintaining high SOC and increasing soil C, N fertilization, whether in N alone or N+P, should not be used in these alpine meadows.
Nanotechnology Derived Nanotools in Biomedical Perspectives: An Update
Authors: Patil Akshay , Mishra Vijay , Thakur Sourav , Riyaz Bushra , Kaur Amanjot , Khursheed Rubiya , Patil Kiran , Sathe Bhushankumar 
Published: April 2018

Background:
In recent years, nanotechnology is gaining more attention of analytical and
biomedical researchers. Nanotechnology derived nanotools deal with the nanoscale length size (i.e.,
10-9 m). The particles having size below 100 nm displayed improved properties for attaining increased
efficacy, better patient compliance, improved biodistribution and site-specific drug delivery.

Method:

Google, PubMed, Web of Science portals have been searched for potentially relevant literature
to get latest developments and updated information related to different aspects of nanotechnology
derived nanocarriers including biomedical applications.

BResults:

Available literature demonstrated that nanotechnology-based nanocarriers like liposomes,
dendrimers, polymeric micelles, carbon dots, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles,
silica nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles have enormous potential applications
in the pharmaceutical field. The current review focuses on the drug delivery, bioimaging,
tissue engineering and therapeutic applications of different nanotools. Besides these, scope and opportunities,
as well as the global market scenario of nanotechnology derived nanotools, have also
been discussed.

Conclusion:

The practice of nanotechnology in the arena of medicine will transform the strategies of
detection and treatment of a wide range of diseases in the upcoming years.
Novel Anthraquinone Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Topoisomerase 2 and Casein Kinase 2: In Silico Studies, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation on Leukemic Cell Lines
Authors: Kabir Abbas , Tilekar Kalpana , Upadhyay Neha , Ramaa C.S. 
Published: April 2018

Background:Cancer being a complex disease, single targeting agents remain unsuccessful. This calls for “multiple targeting”, wherein a single drug is so designed that it will modulate the activity of multiple protein targets. Topoisomerase 2 (Top2) helps in removing DNA tangles and super-coiling during cellular replication, Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) is involved in the phosphorylation of a multitude of protein targets. Thus, in the present work, we have tried to develop dual inhibitors of Top2 and CK2.Objective:With this view, in the present work, 2 human proteins, Top2 and CK2 have been targeted to achieve the anti-proliferative effects.Methods:Novel 1-acetylamidoanthraquinone (3a-3y) derivatives were designed, synthesized and their structures were elucidated by analytical and spectral characterization techniques (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass Spectroscopy). The synthesized compounds were then subjected to evaluation of cytotoxic potential by the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) protein assay, using HL60 and K562 cell lines. Ten compounds were analyzed for Top2, CK2 enzyme inhibitory potential. Further, top three compounds were subjected to cell cycle analysis.Results:The compounds 3a to 3c, 3e, 3f, 3i to 3p, 3t and 3x showed excellent cytotoxic activity to HL-60 cell line indicating their high anti-proliferative potential in AML. The compounds 3a to 3c, 3e, 3f, 3i to 3p and 3y have shown good to moderate activity on K-562 cell line. Compounds 3e, 3f, 3i, 3x and 3y were found more cytotoxic than standard doxorubicin. In cell cycle analysis, the cells (79-85%) were found to arrest in the G0/G1 phase.Conclusion:We have successfully designed, synthesized, purified and structurally characterized 1- acetylamidoanthraquinone derivatives. Even though our compounds need design optimization to further increase enzyme inhibition, their overall anti-proliferative effects were found to be encouraging.
Efficacy and metabolic effects of lurasidone versus brexpiprazole in schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Ng-Mak Daisy , Tongbram Vanita , Ndirangu Kerigo , Rajagopalan Krithika , Loebel Antony 
Published: April 2018

Aim:
To assess the relative efficacy and metabolic effects of lurasidone and brexpiprazole in the acute treatment of schizophrenia.
Methods:
Five lurasidone and three brexpiprazole trials were identified. In the absence of head-to-head trials, a Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing lurasidone and brexpiprazole was performed.
Results:
Nonstatistically significant differences in efficacy measures were observed between lurasidone and brexpiprazole. Significant differences favoring lurasidone for weight change (-0.69 kg; 95% CrI: -1.22 to -0.15), total cholesterol (-7.60 mg/dl; 95% CrI: -13.94 to -1.22), and low-density lipoprotein (-6.58 mg/dl; 95% CrI: -12.11 to -1.04) were observed, with a trend indicating half the risk of experiencing ≥7% weight gain.
Conclusion:
This network meta-analysis suggested that lurasidone had similar efficacy and fewer metabolic effects than brexpiprazole in patients with acute schizophrenia.
IMPACTS OF WATER TABLE AND SOIL AMELIORANT ON SOIL MOISTURE, CO2 EMISSION, AND OIL PALM YIELD ON PEAT SOIL
Authors: Winarna Winarna , Yusuf Muhammad Arif , Rahutomo Suroso , Sutarta Edy Sigit 
Published: April 2018

A field study on peat soil to investigate impacts of soil water table depth and soil ameliorant (steel sludge) had been carried out on mature oil palm. Three treatments of soil water table management and four rates of steel sludge application were applied in this study. Treatments of soil water table management were WLM1, WLM-2, and WLM-3, where soil water table depth was maintained at 35-50 cm, 60-75 cm, and >75 cm below the soil surface, respectively. Treatments of steel sludge were application of this soil ameliorant at the rate of 0; 3.15; 6.51; 9.86 kg tree-1. The study was arranged as split plot randomized block design by assigning soil water table management as main plot and rate of steel sludge as sub plot. Soil Data observed were actual soil water content, peat soil properties, CO2 emission, vegetative growth, and palm yield. The results showed that maintaining soil water table depth at < 75 cm could maintain actual soil moisture up to top parts of peat soil. On the other hand, deeper soil water table (>75 cm, WLM-3) caused significant effects on decreasing of soil moisture in the 0-10 cm layer of peat soil. CO2 emission was 37, 40, dan 45 ton ha-1 year-1 under WLM-1, WLM-2, and WLM-3, respectively. The drop of soil water table to >75 cm (WLM-3) significantly increased CO2 emission to about 11-18% higher than that on WLM-1 and WLM-2. Steel sludge application did not significantly decrease CO2 emission. The highest FFB yield was observed under WLM-1, then followed by WLM-2 and WLM-3. FFB yield was significantly higher when soil water depth was maintained at 35-75 cm than that at > 75 cm, it was 7-10% and 36-60% higher in 2014 and 2015, respectively. There were no significant effects of steel sludge application on FFB yield, but there was improvement on average bunch weight.
Transformar la heterogeneidad en recurso comparativo: variaciones etnográficas e históricas en los sentidos de homosexualidad y familia
Authors: Vespucci Guido 
Published: April 2018

El artículo consiste en una reflexión sobre los recursos teórico-metodológicos que permitieron destrabar el trabajo de campo y redefinir el problema de investigación de mi tesis doctoral, el cual pasó del estudio focalizado de familias homoparentales a la exploración de variaciones etnográficas e históricas sobre las concepciones de homosexualidad y familia en personas y movimientos gay-lésbicos de la Argentina contemporánea. Así, retoma la propuesta de Fredrik Barth sobre la búsqueda de variaciones del mismo objeto, para convertir la dispersión de datos en un recurso comparativo que atienda la heterogeneidad en las maneras de comprender las nociones de homosexualidad y familia según distintos momentos históricos, escenarios sociales y perfiles de actor. Las comparaciones son repensadas respecto al uso de la antropología social clásica –elaboradas entre culturas luego de las descripciones etnográficas– para emplearlas como recurso de construcción de conocimiento en el proceso mismo de investigación, desdibujando la idea de una (sub)cultura homosexual homogénea, estática e integrada que habilitaba afirmaciones esencialistas sobre su auténtico modo de vida en el contexto de los debates por el reconocimiento social y legal de algunas de sus formas familiares. Palabras clave: Método comparativo. Variaciones de sentido. Homosexualidad. Familia.Transforming heterogeneity into a comparative resource: ethnographic and historical variations in the meanings of homosexuality and familyAbstractThis article is a reflection on the theoretical and methodological resources that allowed me to overcome the fieldwork and to redefine the problem of my PhD research, that changed from the focused study of homo-parental families to the exploration of ethnographic and historical variations of the conceptions of homosexuality and family in persons and gay-lesbian movements of contemporary Argentina. In this way, it picks up on Fredrik Barth's idea about searching for variations of the same object in order to turn the dispersion of information into a comparative resource that analyzes heterogeneity in the ways of understanding the notions of homosexuality and family according to different historical moments, social scenes and actor's profiles. The comparisons are picked up in relation to the use given by classic social anthropology –elaborated between cultures after the ethnographic descriptions– to use them as a source of construction of knowledge in the process of research, dismantling the idea of a homosexual homogeneity, a static and integrated (sub)culture that enabled essentialist affirmations on its authentic way of life in the context of the discussions for social and legal recognition of some of its familiar forms. Key words: Comparative method. Variations of meaning. Homosexuality. Family.
Casamento fantasma? - A presença dos ancestrais através de imagens
Authors: Azevedo Aina 
Published: April 2018

Por meio de fotografias tiradas pela família Kubheka e por mim, este artigo discute a presença dos ancestrais na vida ritual e cotidiana dessa família, falante de isiZulu, na África do Sul. Com o fim do apartheid e a implementação do programa de Land Reform na democracia, os Kubheka foram contemplados com uma fazenda em que finalmente passaram a viver sem ameaças. Ali, tiveram a oportunidade de realizar o umabo - prestação matrimonial que compõe o casamento zulu. Embora a noiva já tivesse falecido há anos, durante o umabo ela devereria ser conduzida à fazenda em que os Kubheka vivem atualmente. Para tanto, uma neta irá protagonizar a avó falecida e parentes consanguíneos se passarão por afins, além de casas atuais fazerem as vezes de casas pretéritas, assim, todos, vivos e ancestrais poderão estar com propriedade na fazenda que finalmente conquistaram.Palavras-chave: Casamento. Ritual. Reforma Agrária. Zulu. África do Sul.Ghost Marriage - The ancestor’s presence through the images AbstractThrough photographs taken by the Kubheka family and by myself, this article discusses the presence of the ancestors in the ritual and ordinary life of this family - who speaks isiZulu - in South Africa. With the end of the apartheid era and the development of the Land Reform in the democracy, the Kubheka family received a farm where they finally could live safely. There they had the opportunity to realize the umabo - one of the matrimonial exchanges that produces the zulu marriage. Besides the fact that the bride had passed away a long time ago, she was supposed to be guided to the new farm where the Kubhekas were living presently. Therefore, a granddaughter will have to stand on the behalf of the late grandmother and consanguine relatives will substitute the in law relatives. Moreover, the actual houses will have to represent the former ones. Consequently, all people involved - living and dead - will be able to be in the farm conquered by the Kubhekas.Key words: Marriage. Wedding Ritual. Land Reform. South Africa. Zulu.