bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proactive Approach Minimizes Production Losses Due to Slug Flow
Authors: Carrie Sistrunk 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
When wells producing up casing in the Marcellus Shale dip into the slug flow regime, their production begins to drop off significantly. In some instances, wells that begin slugging dramatically can defer the majority of the production that they were delivering just months before slugging, resulting in significant loss in present value. To remedy this complication, engineers can install tubing in these wells to help lift fluids through the vertical section. Because slugging causes large fluctuations in production, most slugging is identified and addressed only after a production engineer notices these fluctuations. This can be months after the decrease in production rate.
To challenge this reactive approach to identifying wells ready for tubing installation, I created a workflow—implemented with software—to create a tubing installation schedule which requires little time or effort by the production engineer. While it is unlikely this program can be replicated exactly, the logic I used to create the program can certainly be adopted and applied elsewhere.
I used Coleman's model for critical rate to determine quantitatively when a given well is likely to begin to slug. Critical rate is defined as the minimum gas rate needed to maintain steady flow up a well to the surface. When the gas rate in a well dips below this critical rate, the well will dip into the slug flow regime. Bottomhole pressure (BHP) is a necessary input for the critical rate calculation. Because BHP data is not readily available for wells producing up casing, I had to create an alternative approach to determining BHP. After investigation, I determined that using data from different combinations of water-gas ratio (WGR), wellhead pressure (WHP), and gas rate allowed me to create a correlation to approximate the BHP of any given well on any given producing day. The resulting correlation could be incorporated in my workflow and—after combined with other input data—my software could determine, with sufficient accuracy, the critical rate of any given well on any given producing day.
An engineer can use my software to create a graph displaying both critical rate and gas rate with time for every well in a data set. Engineers can summarize the pertinent information from those plots in a data table which can assist them with creating a tubing installation schedule. This workflow will help engineers to determine more readily whether any of their wells are on the verge of slugging, allowing them to be more proactive in installing tubing on their wells and preventing costly deferred production.
Experimental Study of Gas-Liquid Diffusion in Porous Rocks and Bulk Fluids
Authors: Lou Xuanqing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The efficiency of miscible gas flooding relies on the mass transfer rate of species from one phase to another. Determining the diffusion coefficient of a gas-oil system is a critical factor to characterize this transfer phenomenon between gas and oil. Many gas-oil systems are being investigated to measure the diffusion coefficients, losing sight of the hindrance effect under reservoir conditions due to the pore network structure of porous media. Therefore, effective diffusion coefficients in porous media, which have more practical guiding significance, need further investigation. In this study, an experimental methodology based on the pressure-decay technique is proposed for capturing the gas-oil diffusion signals in porous rocks. A numerical model developed by our research group is implemented for estimating all diffusion parameters under different conditions. Results demonstrate the feasibility of this numerical simulation model. Experimental work and numerical simulation were performed on three different scenarios: gas-liquid diffusion in bulk Bakken oil, oil-saturated limestone and Bakken shale samples. The results present quantitative insight into the sensitivity of the diffusion coefficients to the degree of porous media restriction. Moreover, effective diffusion coefficients respond to pore network tortuosity, where more tortuous pore networks provide stronger hindrance effect on the molecular diffusion process. According to the results, this study can provide a technical support for correlating the effective diffusion coefficient to the relevant properties of rocks, which is helpful for establishing more accurate simulation models when the effective diffusion coefficients are missing.
Breaking barriers: using the Behavior Change Wheel to develop a tailored intervention to overcome workplace inhibitors to breaking up sitting time
Authors: Ojo Samson O , Bailey Daniel P. , Brierley Marsha L. , Hewson David J. , Chater Angel M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The workplace is a prominent domain for excessive sitting. The consequences of increased sitting time include adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and poor mental wellbeing. There is evidence that breaking up sitting could improve health, however, any such intervention in the workplace would need to be informed by a theoretical evidence-based framework. The aim of this study was to use the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to develop a tailored intervention to break up and reduce workplace sitting in desk-based workers. Methods: The BCW guide was followed for this qualitative, pre-intervention development study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 office workers (26-59 years, mean age 40.9 [SD=10.8] years; 68% female) who were purposively recruited from local council offices and a university in the East of England region. The interview questions were developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Transcripts were deductively analysed using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model of behaviour. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 (BCTv1) was thereafter used to identify possible strategies that could be used to facilitate change in sitting behaviour of office workers in a future intervention. Results: Qualitative analysis using COM-B identified that participants felt that they had the physical Capability to break up their sitting time, however, some lacked the psychological Capability in relation to the knowledge of both guidelines for sitting time and the consequences of excess sitting. Social and physical Opportunity was identified as important, such as a supportive organisational culture (social) and the need for environmental resources (physical). Reflective and automatic Motivation was highlighted as a core target for intervention. Seven intervention functions and three policy categories from the BCW were identified as relevant. Finally, 39 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were identified as potential active components for an intervention to break up sitting time in the workplace. Conclusions: The TDF, COM-B model and BCW can be successfully applied through a systematic process to understand the drivers of behaviour of office workers to develop a co-created intervention that can be used to break up and decrease prolonged sitting in the workplace.
Four collateral circulation pathways were observed after common carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Wang Jianan , Zheng Chengrong , Hou Bei , Huang Aihua , Zhang Xiongwei , Du Bin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion (CCAO) is a rare condition. Owing to collateral circulation, ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) are often patent. Methods: This study included 16 patients with unilateral CCAO and patent ipsilateral ICA and ECA. The pathways which supplied ICA were investigated by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), transcranial Doppler (TCD), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Results: In all 16 patients, TCD found antegrade blood flow in ipsilateral ICA in all 16 patients, which was supplied by retrograde blood flow in ipsilateral ECA through carotid bifurcation. We call this phenomenon “ICA steal”. DSA and CTA discovered four pathways of ICA steal, including 1) ipsilateral vertebral artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 2) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk or costocervical trunk – ascending cervical artery or deep cervical artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 3) contralateral ECA – contralateral superior thyroid artery – ipsilateral superior thyroid artery – ipsilateral ECA – ICA, and 4) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk – inferior thyroid artery – superior thyroid artery – ECA – ICA. Conclusions: ICA is possible to be patent and supplied by several collateral circulation pathways after CCAO.
Maternal Complication Related To Instrumental Delivery At Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: zewudie shimeles biru , sewyew Dagne Addisu , limenh Simachew kassa , bante Simachew animen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective: The study aimed to determine proportion and risk factors for maternal complication related to forceps and vacuum delivery among mother who gave birth at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH).
Results: Records of 406 mothers managed with instrumental vaginal delivery were reviewed and 97% of the reviewed card had complete documentation. The proportion of maternal complications related to instrumental delivery was 12.1%. A major complication of forceps assisted delivery was 2nd-degree perineal tear (7.4%), 3rd-degree perineal tear (1.5%), cervical tear (1.5%) and episiotomy extension (1%). However, the complication of vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery was only cervical tear (0.5%) and episiotomy extension (0.5%). Episiotomy during instrumental delivery reduce maternal complication by 86% [AOR=0.14, 95%CI=0.07-0.3]. Forceps assisted vaginal delivery had 3.4 times more risk for maternal complication compared to vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery [AOR=3.4, 95%CI=1.08-10.67] and the same is true for primiparity that primipara women who gave birth by the help of instrument had 3.5 times more risk for maternal complication compared to a multipara women [AOR=3.5, 95%CI=1.26-9.98].
Keywords: maternal complication, instrumental delivery, northwest, Ethiopia
A nationwide survey of the opinions of paediatricians regarding the management of neonates born to women with group B Streptococcus in Japanese maternity homes
Authors: yamaguchi kotomi , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: The Japanese Midwifery Association (JMA) guidelines allow midwives to manage group B Streptococcus (GBS)-positive women during pregnancy and labour at maternity homes. However, no guidelines exist to manage neonates born to GBS-positive women in Japan. We aimed to investigate the opinions of paediatricians regarding optimal management strategies for neonates born to GBS-positive women in maternity homes. A questionnaire was sent to paediatricians at 396 Japanese perinatal medical centres. We examined opinions regarding examinations and routine clinical tests for neonates born to GBS-positive women in maternity homes.
Results: Of 235 paediatricians, only 11.2% considered that paediatric examinations were unnecessary for neonates born to GBS-positive women in maternity homes. Moreover, 20.5%, 13.2%, and 11.1% of paediatricians considered culture test of the nasal cavity, serum C-reactive protein level analysis, and blood cell count analysis, respectively, necessary for neonates born to GBS-positive pregnant women with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), whereas 36.3%, 56.2%, and 40.6% of paediatricians considered these tests necessary in cases without IAP. The JMA guidelines had low penetration rates among paediatricians in Japan. To manage neonates born to GBS-positive women in maternity homes, midwives should engage with commissioned paediatricians in more detail and develop appropriate strategies to increase awareness and cooperation.
Changes in Body Weight and Blood Pressure among Women Using Depo-Provera injection in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zerihun Muluken Fekadie , Malik Tabarak , Ferede Yohannes Mulu , Bekele Tesfahun , Yeshaw Yigizie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Depo-Provera is an injectable contraceptive method containing medroxyprogesterone acetate. It has some adverse effects like changes in menstrual pattern, loss in bone mineral density and risk of weight gain. Therefore, this study is aimed at to investigate the effects of Depo-Provera on body weight and blood pressure among Ethiopian women. Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from January 2017 to April 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. Paired t-test, independent t-test and ANOVA were used to evaluate the presence of mean difference and relationship between changes in variables and duration of use of Depo-Provera. P-value ≤ 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: The mean weight and body mass index (BMI) of Depo-Provera users were increased significantly (p=0.02 for mean body weight and p=0.019, for body mass index). There was no significant difference in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of Depo-Provera users compared to controls or their respective pretreatment value (p-value=0.85 for Depo-Provera users and 0.67 for non-users). The finding of this study revealed that there is an increased weight gain and BMI among Depo-Provera users compared to non-users, which really requires attention of health professionals and other stake holders.
The Long-term Survival of Patients with III-IVb Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with IMRT with or without Nimotuzumab: A Propensity Score-matched Analysis
Authors: Zhi-Qiang Wang , Qi Mei , Ji-Bin Li , Rui You , You-Ping Liu , Rui Sun , Guang-Yuan Hu , Ming-Yuan Chen , Hua Yijun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background:
To assess the efficacy of Nimotuzumab in combination with first-line chemoradiotherapy treatment in Chinese patients with primary III-IVb stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Methods:
Patients with primary locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy between January 2008 and December 2013 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Group A received at least 6 doses of Nimotuzumab, while Group B did not receive Nimotuzumab. A propensity score matching method was used to match patients from each group in a 1:3 ratio.
Results:
In total, 730 eligible patients were propensity matched, with 184 patients in Group A and 546 patients in Group B. Significant differences were not observed in the patient and tumor characteristics between Group A and Group B. At a median follow-up of 74.78 months (range 3.53–117.83 months), locoregional recurrence, distant failure and death were observed in 10.68%, 11.10% and 16.03% of all patients, respectively. The estimated 5-year locoregional relapse–free survival, distant metastasis–free survival, progression-free survival and overall survival in the Group A versus Group B were 85.34% versus 89.79% (P=0.156), 93.09% versus 85.61% (P = 0.012), 79.96% versus 77.99% (P = 0.117) and 88.91% versus 78.30% (P=0.006), respectively.
Conclusions:
This nimotuzumab-containing regimen resulted in improved long-term survival of III-IVb stage NPC patients and warrants further prospective evaluation.
A Comparison of Ocular Trauma Scores in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Awidi Abdelhalim , Kraus Courtney L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: Pediatric ocular trauma represents a major concern for ophthalmologists. Delays in presentation, incomplete exams, inaccurate visual acuity (VA) results, and amblyopia can limit accurately predicting final visual outcomes in pediatric eye trauma. We performed a retrospective clinical study to describe the demographics and causes of eye trauma. We also compared 2 ocular trauma scoring systems, one specifically designed for pediatric trauma, to classify injuries and determine which better predicted VA outcomes. A retrospective chart review of 3 years of pediatric globe trauma was performed. Analysis was focused on mechanisms of injury and VA outcomes. Complex factors that may worsen outcomes were recorded. Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) and Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS) were used to assign Groups 1-5 to each case. Group 1 was poorest prognosis, Group 5 best. Association between Group and final VA was examined. Accuracy of the two systems was compared. Results: 23 children met eligibility criteria (13 male). Initial VA averaged 20/200 (range no light perception (NLP) – 20/20). Final VA was 20/150 (range NLP - 20/20). Objects of injury were sharp metallic household objects (7), miscellaneous (4), toys (3), BB pellets (2), stick/wood (2), pencil/pen (1).
Does socioeconomic status have any influence on success at the national ranking exam?, a prospective survey
Authors: Bouchghoul Hanane , Teboul Jean-Louis , Senat Marie-Victoire , Vigoureux Solene 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The weight of social inequalities during education is a reality. Students of lower socioeconomic status may have less chance of success in higher education, particularly in medical studies. However, the role of students' socioeconomic factors, such as their parents' profession, in their success in the national ranking exam (NRE) has not been studied Our aim was to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and success in the national ranking exam among sixth year medical students at the Paris-Sud Faculty of Medicine. Methods: This was a prospective survey of all sixth-year medical students at the Paris-Sud Faculty of Medicine, using a questionnaire on socioeconomic factors, which were compared according to NRE results.Results : Of 172 sixth year medical students, 110 completed the questionnaire. Their ranking ranged from 20 to 7695, with a median of 2815 (interquartile range: 1029-4581). The factors associated with ranking in the top 1500 were a high school diploma ( baccalauréat ) A or B grade, success at the first attempt in the first-year medical examination, and enrollment in the NRE preparatory lectures during the sixth year of medical training. The educational status and socio-professional category of the parents were not associated with ranking among the top 1500 medical students.Conclusion : At the Paris-Sud Faculty of Medicine, there was no association between parental socioeconomic status and sixth year students' success in the NRE.
Genomic and evolutionary features of two AHPND positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) of south-west Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmmed Shawon , Khan Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran , Eshik Md. Mostavi Enan , Punom Nusrat Jahan , Islam Abul B.M.M.K. , Rahman Mohammad Shamsur 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Due to its rapid lethal effect in the early stage of shrimp, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causing great economic losses, since it first outbreak in southeast China in 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus , carrying the pir A and pir B toxin genes is known to cause AHPND in shrimp. The overall objective of this study was to sequence whole genome of AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp ( Peneaus monodon ) of south-west region of Bangladesh in 2016 and 2017 and characterize the genomic features and emergence pattern of this marine pathogen. Results Two targeted AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using PCR with 16S rRNA, ldh , AP3 and AP4 primers. The assembled genomes of strain MSR16 and MSR17 were comprised of total 5,393,740 bp and 5,241,592 bp, respectively. From annotation, several virulence genes involved in chemotaxis and motility, EPS type II secretion system, Type three secretion system-1 (TTSS-1) and its secreted effectors, thermolabile hemolysin were found in both strains. Importantly, the ~69 kb plasmid was identified in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains containing the two toxin genes pir A and pir B. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted against β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, macrolide and cephalosporin groups in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains. Conclusions The findings of this research may facilitate the tracking of pathogenic and/or antibiotic resistance V. parahaemolyticus isolates between production sites, and the identification of candidate strains for production of vaccines as an aid to control of this devastating disease. Also, the emergence pattern of this pathogen can be highlighted to determine the characteristic differences of other strains found all over the world.
Risk score to predict time-to sputum smear and culture conversions in patients treated with shorter MDR-tuberculosis regime in Guinea (Conakry): A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Camara Lansana Mady , Fotso Gladys Djuiga , Camara Souleymane , Bah Boubacar , Sidiki Magassouba Aboubacar , Barry Alpha Oumar , Diallo Thierno Hassane , Aboubacar Camara , Bah Néné Ramata , N’Zabintawali Fulgence , Haroune Souleymane Hassane , Lotshutshu Miguel , Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou , Sow Oumou Younoussa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Sputum smear and culture examination were used as bacteriological marker to monitor multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment. We aimed to identify the strongest contributing factors that affect time-to sputum bacteriological conversion, and to develop a practical risk scoreMethods Patients treated with shorter MDR-TB treatment regime between June 07, 2016 and June 22, 2018 from three major drug-resistance TB centres in Guinea, who had a positive smear or culture at baseline, and who had rifampicin resistance were analysed. Sputum bacteriological conversion was defined as two consecutive negative smear or culture taken at least 30 days apart. Cox regression model was used to analyse time-to initial sputum conversion, and to identify influencing factors. A simple risk score was constructed using the regression coefficients from each final model. Time-dependent AUC was used to determine the optimal time points of bacteriological conversion.Results 75% (173/232) of patients with a positive smear and culture at baseline were analyzed. A total, 90.2% (156/173) and 89% (154/173) of the patients had smear and culture conversions in a median of 59 days (inter-quartile range: 59 – 61) respectively. Lower colony count (< 3 +) of initial culture (aHR = 1.52, 1.09 – 2.14) and previously history of TB treatment (aHR = 2.10, 1.26 – 3.51) were more likely to have culture conversion, while only the higher BMI (aHR = 1.10, 1.03 – 1.18) was associated with rapid smear conversion. The predicted risk score from independent predictors showed good discrimination (0.855 ± 0.023 and 0.883 ± 0.02 respectively for smear and culture conversions). Time-to initial culture conversion provided a better discriminative capacity (AUC) to detect patients with higher chance to being treatment success during the first three months.Conclusion The identified predictors can be considered to improve the management of MDR-TB patients. The optimal time points for culture conversion was three months in shorter regime. Keywords: Conversion, Multidrug-resistant, Tuberculosis, Guinea.