bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family farms and the markets: examining the level of market-oriented production 15 years after the Zimbabwe Fast Track Land Reform programme
Authors: Muchetu Rangarirai Gavin 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Small family farmers aim to secure food through own production, and the surplus is only sold to finance productive and reproductive investments. The Fast Track Land Reform programme (FTLRP) caused a dramatic increase in the number of family farms, with approximately 180,000 families being resettled on 70% of agricultural land previously held by about 4500 commercial white farmers. This increased demand for agricultural capital goods, thus putting pressure on the under-resourced government of Zimbabwe, which had to provide inputs considering the FTLRP and capital outflows induced by the economic meltdown. The study tracks and maps out the position of family farmers in Zimbabwe with respect to the agricultural inputs and outputs markets over 15 years of land reform implementation. Specifically, the study utilises the SMAIAS 2013–14 Household Survey to calculate commercialisation indices for major agricultural crops in Zimbabwe. Commercialisation involves the creation of mechanisms that encourage farmers’ active participation and integration in the commodity markets. The survey results show that participation is found to be highly differentiated, with small-scale producers participating the least. More farmers were more active in the inputs markets than they were in the outputs markets, thus implying a perennial reduction of farmers’ incomes and productive asset investment capacity. Additionally, the study provides structural transformative policy alternatives for improving production and rural household income to reduce poverty.
Tunable magnetic skyrmions in spintronic nanostructures for cellular-level magnetic neurostimulation
Authors: Saha Renata , Wu Kai , Su Diqing , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Electrical probes and arrays are currently ruling the market in treating neurodegenerative, sensory and cardiovascular diseases. Despite the accomplishments, their performance is limited by high power of operation, tissue inflammation, biofouling, inefficient control of electric fields and significant incompatibility for patients who are qualified to take magnetic resonance imaging tests only. Another alternative is magnetic stimulation. In this paper, we have proposed an implantable, highly tunable skyrmion-based neurostimulator (SkyNS). The displacement of magnetic skyrmions in a metallic bilayer generates a time varying magnetic field which induces an electric field gradient large enough to trigger neuron stimulation. SkyNS operates with a current of 2.71 µA and consumes a power of 1.434 nW. The effects of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and device dimensions on stable skyrmion nucleation and smooth skyrmion dynamics in a heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal bilayer have been extensively studied by micromagnetic simulation on mumax3. This work provides a proof-of-concept to exploit the material tunability of skyrmion-based spintronic nanodevices as cellular-level, ultra-low power, implantable magnetic neurostimulators.
Interaction of O–Y and O–Y–Ti clusters embedded in bcc Fe with He, vacancies and self-interstitial atoms
Authors: Vallinayagam Muthu , Posselt Matthias , Faßbender Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Calculations based on density functional theory are performed to investigate the interaction of O–Y and O–Y–Ti clusters in bcc Fe with He atoms, vacancies (v) and self-interstitial atoms (SIA). The four different cluster structures studied in our previous work (J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
31 095701) are considered. He, v and SIA are inserted on different positions inside and in the environment of the clusters, the total energy of the corresponding supercell is minimized and the binding and incorporation energy of the three kinds of defects is determined. He in the center of a cage-like (CL) cluster is more stable than on interfacial vacant sites (IVS). In CL O–Y clusters He on an IVS is more stable than in the cluster structure with oxygen in the center, whereas there is no significant difference between the two kinds for clusters with Ti. Up to a distance of 1.5 times the iron lattice constant from the cluster center He is not stable on most of the octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites in the Fe matrix near the interface. Instead He is shifted towards positions closer to the cluster. Relaxation occurs to known IVS as well as to previously unknown interfacial interstitial sites. Moreover, two or three He atoms are placed on sites found to be stable after adding a single He. The corresponding binding and incorporation energies obtained after relaxation are nearly equal to the sum of the values for the interaction with a single He atom. However, placing He dimers or trimers in the environment of a vacancy may also lead to relatively low values of the incorporation energy. Also, barriers for jumps of He atoms between interfacial sites and the center of CL clusters are determined. In the CL O–Y cluster the barriers are lower than in the CL O–Y–Ti cluster, i.e. trapping and release of He is easier in the former than in the latter. v and SIA interaction with the clusters is also attractive. The binding energy of v strongly depends on the site where v is inserted while in all studied cases the SIA is annihilated at the cluster-iron interface. Present results clearly demonstrate that the oxide-based nanoclusters are strong traps for irradiation induced defects which is in agreement with experimental findings.
Is there anything wrong? The inconsistency of argument with the table of truth
Authors: Darmadi  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The main character of the materials of mathematics is consistent. A problem emerged and became the focus of the research is obtained an inconsistency in mathematics. Research methods used are qualitative research methods. Data were taken with the use of interview-based tests and observation. The research results showed that: 1) there is an inconsistency in argumentation learning logic and mathematical set; 2) Inconsistency argument inspection results occur because of difference in taking for example; and 3) Lecture need to pay attention to the machining process of the students. As a result, in the study of cognitive conflicts can be happen in students and lecturers.
Students’ misconceptions on the algebraic prerequisites concept: causative factors and alternative solutions
Authors: Permata Dea , Wijayanti P , Masriyah  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mastery of the concept of number operations is the main prerequisite for understanding the algebraic concepts. The misconception of integer operations is still widely found in students. This research aimed to describe students’ misconceptions on the algebraic prerequisites concept, namely the operation of integers, causative factors and alternative solutions. This research was qualitative descriptive research using diagnostic test methods and interview. Three students who did the most and varied misconceptions were chosen to be the subject of this research. The results showed the misconceptions experienced by the subject occurred in the integer addition, integer subtraction, integer division and multiplication with zero numbers. The factors that cause misconception were wrong intuition and incorrect or incomplete reasoning and alternative solutions were re-explain and cognitive conflict. For further research, other researchers can conduct research on students’ misconceptions on the algebraic prerequisites concept besides number operations.
Profile of mathematical reasoning ability of female students based on self-efficacy
Authors: Karunika A M , Kusmayadi T A , Fitrana L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reasoning was an important aspect for solving the linear programming problems. Furthermore, the male students performed the spatial ability tests better than the female students. The female students solved the problem by creating a solution plan and looked at the keywords in the problem. This research used qualitative research. The subjects of this research were the of 11th grade of senior high school students taken by using purposive sampling. The techniques of collecting data used in this research were a linear program problem test and self-efficacy questionnaire. The research result revealed that the female students who had high self-efficacy in mathematical reasoning ability explained the use of models, facts, properties, relations to use pattern and relations to analyze the mathematical situation; provided an explanation about the models, the pictures, the facts, the natures, the relationships or the existing patterns; and did mathematical manipulations. In addition, the female students who had medium and low self-efficacy in mathematical reasoning ability were able to draw the analogy, the generalization and could use of pattern and the relation to analyze the mathematical situations and provided an explanation about the models, the pictures, the facts, the natures, the relationships or the existing patterns.
Teacher’s strategies to promote student’s mathematical competencies in algebra: a case study
Authors: Masduki Masduki , Suwarsono Stephanus , Budiarto M T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mathematical competence is knowledge, skill, and ability to use mathematics for solving problems of both mathematical and non-mathematical context. The PISA and TIMSS reports indicate the low quality of mathematical competence of students in Indonesia. One of the most influential factors in the quality of learning is teachers. The paper aims to describe the teacher’s strategies to promote students’ mathematical competence in algebra. The case study method was used to investigate the strategies used by mathematics teacher in conducting teaching activity on 7th grade. The data was collected through observation and interview. The observation was conducted three times. Field notes, observation guideline, and video recorder were used to collect the data of teacher’s strategies in the classroom. Interview was conducted at the end of the observation activity. A semi-structured interview was done to collect further information regarding the teacher’s strategies. The results show that the teacher used various strategies to promote students mathematical competence in understanding the mathematical concept and using reasoning. However, a lack of strategies to promote students in using the pattern as a conjecture to solve the problem and communicating the idea is identified.
Improving reasoning ability through contextual teaching and learning in differential equations
Authors: Pramujiyanti Khotimah Rita , Masduki  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of important aspects in mathematics learning is reasoning. This research aims to improve students’ reasoning ability through contextual teaching and learning in differential equations. This is a research and development based on lesson study. The subjects are 34 students of the fifth semester of the Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. The data were collected through observation, field notes, test and documentation. The technique of data analysis was a flow-method that consisted of data reduction, data display and verification. The result showed that there were the increase in the average values of the indicators of reasoning ability as follows: 1) analyzing the problems of 3.5; 3.59; and 3.88, 2) organizing the settlement of 2.18; 3.31; and 3.41, 3) interpreting the results of 2.18; 3.0; and 3.32, and 4) explaining the problems of 1.44; 2.01; and 3.29. It can be concluded that the implementation of contextual teaching and learning is able to improve the student reasoning ability in differential equations.
Creative thinking process of female elementary school student with visual learning style in mathematical problem solving
Authors: Ishabu La Suha , Ketut Budayasa I. , Eko Siswono T.Y. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In solving mathematical problems, the creative thinking process is basically assessed based on two indicators: creative processes and products. The creative process is the stage of creative thinking that includes generating ideas, planning problem solving, and producing problem solving. The process generates creative products should meet the aspects of fluency, flexibility, and novelty. The present study aims at describing the creative thinking process of elementary school students in solving mathematical problems. It involved female student who practiced visual learning style as the subject with the consideration the subject could generate a flexible product, but not an extraordinary product that meets the aspects of fluency and novelty. Data was collected through test and in-depth interview. The validity was done with data triangulation technique. The collected data were analyzed with transcription, categorization, reduction, interpretation and conclusion. The findings indicate that the creative thinking process of elementary school students in mathematical problem solving is realized through generating ideas (reading and examining images in the question) to identify information that is already known, to employ different approaches for planning problem solving, and to produce creative products that meet the aspect of flexibility. Nevertheless, the products have not fulfilled the aspects of fluency and novelty.
Longitudinal data exploration of upper respiratory tract infection disease in Bandung city
Authors: Tantular B , Jaya I G N M , Andriyana Y 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLongitudinal data have a complex structure. Unlike cross-sectional data, there are more associated features with longitudinal data. Associated features to longitudinal data including the heterogeneity between subjects, the serial correlation and the characteristics of changes over time. Therefore exploring longitudinal data is more complicated than that of cross-sectional data. Various methods were developed by many researchers to explore longitudinal data. In general, there are at least three things that could be described from longitudinal data: mean structure, variance structure, and correlation structure. Visual methods and subject-specific profile were studied for such datasets to detect these structures. Methods were applied to data sets from upper respiratory tract infection data in Bandung City. From the result, we can describe the growth patterns at both group and individual level and then selecting suitable statistical models which contain within and between groups variations.
Comparative neutron-shielding properties of metal oxide/HDPE composites using a Monte Carlo Code of PHITS
Authors: Poltabtim W , Toyen D , Saenboonruang K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Development of efficient neutron-shielding materials has become one of the most important issues in radiation safety. In order to estimate shielding performances of the materials of interest, simulations of neutron-shielding characteristics using well-proved methods are necessary. In this work, a Monte Carlo code of Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) was used to simulate neutron-shielding properties of HDPE composites that were added with either B2O3, Sm2O3, Gd2O3, or CdO as a filler at various contents. The energy of the incoming neutrons was fixed at 0.025 eV with the beam direction pointing at the right angle to the material’s surface. The results showed that Gd2O3/HDPE composites had the lowest neutron transmission ratio compared with other fillers at the same contents, implying the highest neutron-shielding ability. Furthermore, the simulations also showed that the values of neutron transmission ratios of all fillers decreased with increasing filler’s contents. Other information such as half-value-layer (HVL) and tenth-value-layer (TVL) were also simulated and reported in this work. We encouraged further investigation of this work by comparing the simulated results with the actual experiment in order to validate the accuracy of the simulation.
Manufacturing process and properties of lead-free natural rubber sponge for use in X-ray and gamma ray shielding applications
Authors: Lim-aroon P , Wimolmala E , Sombatsompop N , Saenboonruang K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, light-weighted, flexible, and lead-free X-ray/gamma-ray shielding natural rubber (NR) sponges were developed with the help of a blowing agent, namely Oxybis (benzene sulfonyl) hydrazide (OBSH) (its contents varied from 0, 8 to 16 parts per hundred parts of rubber; phr), and an X-ray/gamma protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) (its content varied from 0, 100, 300, to 500 phr) in natural rubber (NR) composites. The results suggested that the densities and overall mechanical properties decreased with increasing contents of OBSH, while the increases in B2O3 resulted in the increases in tensile strength and hardness (Shore A), however, initially increases tensile strength and elongation at break but later decreases at 300 and 500 phr. In terms of radiation shielding properties, it was found that the ability to attenuate X-rays and gamma rays improved with increasing Bi2O3 contents. Hence, the overall properties investigated in this work suggested that the developed NR sponges could be used to attenuate X-rays and gamma rays efficiently with additional properties of being light-weighted and highly flexible, which are crucial for safety of radiation-related personnel and users.
Electrical interaction between nanoparticle and surface of material
Authors: Summueang C. , Boonchui S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We identify the interaction between nanoparticle and surface of material in the presence of an electric field. For theoretical calculation, we use the dyadic green function that includes with the method of image dipoles to analyze electrical interaction. We find that the electric field and the interaction potential which depend on the dielectric constant and surface roughness of material. Our numerical results demonstrate the electric field and the interaction potential which corresponds to the Van der Waals interaction and can be used to determine charges distribution on nanoparticle and surface of material.
Efficacy of cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet against Enterococcus faecalis in apical canal of human single-rooted teeth: a preliminary study
Authors: Saleewong K , Wanachantararak P , Louwakul P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many factors that may affect the success of root canal treatment are complexity of root canal system, especially in the apical part, and the virulence of bacteria such as biofilm formation. A cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet is a novel method for sterilization and applied for root canal disinfection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms infected in the apical root canals. Methods: Fifty-four single rooted-teeth were infected with E. faecalis for seven days and allocated into five groups. Group I performed as positive control. Group II-V were served as experimental groups: NaOCl, plasma, NaOCl + plasma and gas only, respectively. The disinfection was evaluated by colony count (per milligram) at the depths of 0.05 and 0.10 mm of root dentin. The remaining bacteria was also counted from the grounded root dentin. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc test, with a level of significance set at P<.05. Results: The NaOCl, plasma and NaOCl + plasma groups significantly reduced the E. faecalis, but no significant difference was found among these groups (P>0.5). The NaOCl + plasma group significantly reduced E. faecalis in the deeper dentin level compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet had antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis biofilm as well as the use of NaOCl. The combined treatment yielded the most promising result and may be beneficial in root canal disinfection.
Study on Creep Rupture Strength of Friction Welded Super304H Steel Weld Joints
Authors: Lu Yuan , Li Debiao , Yang Xu , Chen Mo , Ding Cong , Sun Yaqin , Gong Sha 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the creep rupture strength for Super304H weld joints was evaluated by isothermal method. Service life prediction curves indicate that Super304H weld joints could guarante safety service for 105 hours at 625°C, which is in according with the Ultra-supercritical units steam conditions. When the stress is higher, the rupture mode of creep specimens was transcrystalline fracture, and results in forming dimples. When the stress is lower, the rupture mode of creep specimens was creep rupture, and results in cleavage rupture. So under the effect of long term low stress, creep cavities joined each other along the grain boundary.
Study on Preparation Technology and Antifreeze Performance of Slag Micropowder Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Ma Jiansuo , Qi Shangwen , Cai Huanqin , Cui Yanming 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To study the influence of the amount of slag micropowder and the mixing ratio on the frost resistance of slag micropowder pumice lightweight aggregate concrete, the LC35 concrete was prepared with S95 grade slag powder, cement, ordinary sand and pumice as raw materials.The slow-freezing method was used to study the failure mode of the sample and the change of mass and compressive strength loss rate.The results show that the mass loss rate of slag micropowder pumice lightweight aggregate concrete after freezing and thawing cycles is small, and the loss of freeze-thaw strength is high. This mainly due to the destruction of aggregate pumice. Meanwhile, because of the Micro-filling effect of slag powder, the tensile strength has an effect of increasing the compactness of the concrete, and can effectively reduce the damage caused by the freeze-thaw cycle to the concrete.
Emulsified Asphalt Dosage Determination Method of AC-13 Cold-Mixed Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Sun Zhaohui , Zhang Guangpeng , Li Kai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
At present, there is no test method specification for the optimum emulsified asphalt dosage of cold-mixed asphalt mixture. The current specifications are mainly for hot mix asphalt and cold recycled asphalt mixture. Based on the previous studies, this paper initially selected the AC-13 group as the best grading, discussed the mixing and health environment during the cold-mixed asphalt mixture test piece forming, the optimum emulsified asphalt dosage for the AC-13 cold-mixed asphalt mixture is determined by the Marshall test and the water-immersed Marshall test, it was verified by dry and wet splitting test and high temperature rutting test. The results show that the application of the Marshall test and the water-immersed Marshall test can determine the optimum amount of emulsified asphalt for cold-mixed asphalt mixture. It can provide reference for the determination of the best emulsified asphalt dosage for cold-mixed emulsified asphalt mixture.
Influences of Cooling Rate and Dendrite Morphology Assumptions on the Cracking Susceptibility of Ternary Al-Cu-Si Alloys during Solidification
Authors: Zhao Guangwei , Ding Chong , Jian Chen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The hot cracking susceptibility of ternary Al-Cu-Si alloys in Al rich corner were calculated using the author’s own program which was coupled with a CALPHAD software Thermo-Calc for phase diagram information. The influences of cooling rate and dendrite morphology assumptions on the hot cracking susceptibility of Al-Cu-Si alloys were mainly considered. It is found that the hot crack susceptibility of high cooling rate is more serious than that of low cooling rate and the alloys tending to form more eutectic phases have higher thermal cracking sensitivity. In addition, the predicted results show that the calculated susceptibility under the assumption of dendrite morphologies extraction in the middle or end stage of solidification, such as inward cylindrical, inward spherical and plate dendrite, are relatively higher than that of the initial stage of solidification, such as spherical and cylindrical dendrite.