bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ali Shariati and Cosmopolitan Localism
Authors: Saffari Siavash 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Leading twentieth-century Iranian public intellectual Ali Shariati has been described by some as a proponent of a project of nativism and cultural authenticity. This article offers an alternative reading of Shariati, one that highlights the germination of his thought in a process of constant oscillation between particular historical-sociopolitical attachments and a decidedly cosmopolitan intellectual horizon. This oscillation, it is argued, while born out of the core-periphery dynamics of commodity and knowledge production within a colonially constructed world order, nevertheless allows Shariati to transcend postcolonial anxieties and nativist traps even as he calls on his fellow Iranian and Muslim intellectuals to attend to resources within the local culture and to delink from Eurocentric and colonially globalized knowledge regimes. In order to place his thought within the broader framework of the emergence and evolution of anti- and decolonial thought, Saffari reads Shariati in dialogue with some of the leading twentieth- and twenty-first-century critics of colonial modernity: Muhammad Iqbal, Frantz Fanon, Enrique Dussel, and Walter D. Mignolo. Saffari argues that the oscillation between local attachments and cosmopolitan vistas in Shariati's work is best understood as a function of his cosmopolitan localism.
Clinical pathologies of bone fracture modelled in zebrafish
Authors: Tomecka Monika J. , Ethiraj Lalith P. , Sánchez Luis M. , Roehl Henry H. , Carney Tom J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Reduced bone quality or mineral density predict susceptibility to fracture and also attenuate subsequent repair. Bone regrowth is also compromised by bacterial infection, which exacerbates fracture site inflammation. Because of the cellular complexity of fracture repair, as well as genetic and environmental influences, there is a need for models that permit visualisation of the fracture repair process under clinically relevant conditions. To characterise the process of fracture repair in zebrafish, we employed a crush fracture of fin rays, coupled with histological and transgenic labelling of cellular responses; the results demonstrate a strong similarity to the phased response in humans. We applied our analysis to a zebrafish model of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which shows reduced bone quality, spontaneous fractures and propensity for non-unions. We found deficiencies in the formation of a bone callus during fracture repair in our OI model and showed that clinically employed antiresorptive bisphosphonates can reduce spontaneous fractures in OI fish and also measurably reduce fracture callus remodelling in wild-type fish. The csf1ra mutant, which has reduced osteoclast numbers, also showed reduced callus remodelling. Exposure to excessive bisphosphonate, however, disrupted callus repair. Intriguingly, neutrophils initially colonised the fracture site, but were later completely excluded. However, when fractures were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, neutrophils were retained and compromised repair. This work elevates the zebrafish bone fracture model and indicates its utility in assessing conditions of relevance to an orthopaedic setting with medium throughput.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Morning cortisol as an alternative to Short Synecthan test for the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Ulhaq Imran , Ahmad Tauseef , Khoja Adeel , Islam Najmul 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To determine 7-9 am serum cortisol less than 5mcg/dl is an independent reliable confirmatory test for the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI).
Methods: A total of 164 patients who visited the outpatient or inpatient department of Aga Khan University Hospital from June 2011 to June 2017 were included for the study. All those patients whose levels came out less than 5mcg/dl were recruited for the study and they all underwent SST. Other demographic and laboratory data were also recorded.
Results: The sensitivity of morning cortisol for diagnosis of PAI is 100% if levels are <1mcg/dl and decreases to 71.88% if levels are up to 5mcg/dl.
Conclusion: Morning cortisol is sensitive enough as an alternative to SST if levels are <1mcg/dl (100%). However, if the levels are increased from >1mcg/dl to <5 mcg/dl, the sensitivity decreases gradually from 98% to 71%.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.1208
How to cite this:Ulhaq I, Ahmad T, Khoja A, Islam N. Morning cortisol as an alternative to Short Synecthan test for the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1413-1416. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.1208
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Employment status of person with disability in Government Departments in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Arsh Aatik , Darain Haider , Zeb Amir , Ullah Sana , Ullah Irfan , Ilyas Syed Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether anticipated number of person with disabilities was employed in different government departments of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan.
Methods: Using across sectional survey, data from 16 different departments of provincial government of KPK was collected by volunteers of ‘Friends of Paraplegics.
Results: Out of total 1, 71,137 Govt. employees, only 1151 (0.67%) were person with disabilities. None of the included departments fulfilled 2% allocated job quota for person with disabilities. Majority of the employees included in study were from Elementary & Secondary Education Department (n=140345) and Agriculture, Livestock & Cooperation Department (n=14315). The number of person with disabilities in these departments were 960 (0.68%) and 68 (0.48%) respectively. The highest percentage of person with disabilities were working in Higher Education Archives & Libraries Department (1.65%)followed by Law, Parliamentary Affairs & Human Rights Department (1.42%), Planning & Development Department (1.39%) and Administration & Establishment Department (1.16%).
Conclusion: It is concluded that a small number of person with disabilities are employed in different Govt. Departments. Moreover, these departments has not ensured providing 2% job quota for person with disabilities.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.239
How to cite this:Arsh A, Darain H, Zeb A, Ullah S, Ullah I, Ilyas SM. Employment status of person with disability in Government Departments in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1392-1396. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.239
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Perceptions and use of technology in older people with ophthalmic conditions
Authors: Ali Zaria C. , Shakir Savana , Aslam Tariq Mehmood 
Published: August 2019

Background: Technologies such as mobile applications are increasingly being developed for patients to help manage their clinical conditions. However there is a paucity of information confirming the capacity or willingness of older patients with ophthalmic complaints to engage with such computer applications. The aim of this paper is to assess the perception and use of a range of common computing technologies by older ophthalmic patients, in order to guide future ophthalmology-specific development and clinical use. Methods: Patients attending Manchester Royal Eye Hospital were surveyed with questions designed to measure their perceptions, attitudes and experiences of using technology. Inclusion criteria included any patient aged 40 or over who attended the ophthalmology outpatients department. Results: A total of 300 patients completed the questionnaire. The male-to-female ratio was 128:169. The majority of patients owned predominantly mobile forms of technology such as tablets and smart phones. The most common uses of technology were for communicating with friends, watching television and gathering information. Patients aged over 80 had particular difficulty using technology and used it less regularly. Less than 10% overall stated eyesight as a reason for stopping using technology. Conclusions: Technology is used regularly by a large proportion of older ophthalmic patients, with numbers reducing significantly only in those aged 80 years or over. There appears to be potential for further medical use, though developers and clinicians should consider the perceptions and challenges highlighted through this survey.
Molecular detection of Epstein-Barr virus in breast cancer among Sudanese female population: a case-control study
Authors: Ahmed Eiman S. , Elnour Lubna S. , Siddig Emmanuel E. , Hassan Rowa 
Published: August 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and in Sudan. Breast cancer occurs due to a multifactorial process and infection with an oncogenic virus has been recently investigated as a possible risk factor for breast cancer. For nearly two decades, studies have incriminated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the etiology of breast cancer. However, the results are unconvincing, and their interpretation has remained a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to detect EBV in breast cancer biopsies obtained from Sudanese female patients. Methods: A descriptive, hospital-based, case-control study, conducted at Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. Archival blocks were obtained from 115 patients with breast cancer and 115 controls during the period between November 2016 till March 2017. Results: Among 115 breast cancer tissue specimens, EBV DNA was identified in 42/115 (36.5 %) samples and was not identified in 73/115 (63.5 %) tissue samples. The highest frequency of EBV detection was among 41–60 year-olds (23/42, 54.7 %), followed by 21–40 year-olds (12/42, 28.5 %) and 61–80 year-olds (5/42, 11.9 %). In the control group, the majority were diagnosed with fibroadenoma (70.4%), followed by fibrocystic changes (10.4%) and lactating changes (0.9%). Conclusion: The data obtained in this study demonstrated that EBV was present in a high percentage of our study population; however, the exact role of EBV in Sudanese breast cancer needs to be studied more in depth.
Motivating Whistleblowers
Authors: Butler Jeffrey V. , Serra Danila , Spagnolo Giancarlo 
Published: August 2019

Law-breaking activities within firms are widespread but difficult to uncover, making whistleblowing by employees desirable. We investigate if and how monetary incentives and expectations of social approval or disapproval from the public, and their interactions, affect an employee’s decision to blow the whistle when the social damage from the reported misbehavior is more or less salient. Our analysis also has implications for the design and management of firms’ internal whistleblowing channels. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Short-term outcomes of endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment
Authors: Kalaiselvan R , Liyanage ASD , Rajaganeshan R 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Endoscopic treatment for pilonidal disease was initially described by Meinero in 2013. This minimally invasive technique has both technical and aesthetic advantages. The diagnostic application helps identify the anatomy of the pilonidal disease and the operative phase ablates and cleans the infected cavity. Our aim was to study the short-term outcomes of endoscopic treatment for pilonidal disease and to evaluate complications and recurrence rates. Materials and methods A prospectively maintained database of all consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for pilonidal disease by a single surgeon in a district general hospital from 1 November 2014 to 31 March 2018 was analysed. Follow-up was available until 30 September 2018. Results A total of 74 patients (56 men) underwent endoscopic treatment for pilonidal disease. The median age was 21 years (range 16–62 years). All patients underwent the procedure as daycase procedures, seven under local anaesthesia. There were no immediate postoperative complications and no return to theatre or readmission within 90 days. On a median follow-up of 52 weeks (range 2–114 weeks), 57 patients healed completely and 8 lost to follow-up. We achieved primary healing rates of 67% (44/66) and delayed healing rate of 77% (51/66). Conclusions Endoscopic treatment for pilonidal disease is a safe and effective minimally invasive technique that should be considered as first-line treatment in selected cases of pilonidal sinus disease, thereby reducing morbidity related to conventional procedures.
Individual and group level antecedents in the development of idiosyncratic deals. A cross-level study
Authors: Knering Arianna , Tordera Núria , Villajos Esther , Latorre Felisa , Pérez-Nebra Amalia 
Published: August 2019

Research on workers’ proactive behaviors has increased in recent years, emphasizing the need for a more active workforce. In this context, research has been carried out on idiosyncratic deals (i-deals), that is, individualized work arrangements that employees negotiate with their employers about aspects that are mutually beneficial. Because this research topic focuses on individuals’ actions, most of the studies analyzing its antecedents examine individual characteristics. However, group and organizational characteristics have been suggested to play a role. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the interplay between individual and group level factors in the development of i-deals. More specifically, we consider the role of psychological capital and justice climate in the development of i-deals. A total of 520 employees working in 83 work-units in Spain participated in a panel study. A cross-level approach was adopted to analyze the relationships among psychological capital (psycap), justice climate and i-deals. The results revealed group differences in the enactment of i-deals. Individual and group level factors showed a significant positive relationship with i-deals. After controlling for individual characteristics, Justice Climate still added predictive power.
A MISSÃO DO ESCRITOR E O SISTEMA LITERÁRIO NO SÉCULO XIX: MÉXICO (GUILLERMO PRIETO) E O BRASIL (JOSÉ DE ALENCAR) NA CRIAÇÃO DE UM ESTADO NACIONAL A PARTIR DA LITERATURA
Authors: Lima Baca Francisco 
Published: August 2019

O artigo desenvolve uma comparação entre dois projetos estéticos no Brasil e no México no século XIX. No caso de Guillermo Prieto, o nomeado costumbrismo é a representação literária dos costumes sociais que criam uma identidade, uma vez que o conceito “missão do escritor” tenha um relacionamento forte com a concepção de um Estado Nacional. Esse projeto literário desenvolvido no México tem relação com o projeto de José de Alencar, já que o escritor vai desenvolver uma proposta narrativa, na qual, a Literatura Brasileira terá sua identidade estética. A relação entre os dois projetos literários estabelece um encontro entre as duas propostas narrativas e dois projetos nacionais, nos quais a Literatura é uma ferramenta para desenvolver uma identidade nacional no caso mexicano e brasileiro no século XIX.Palavras-chave: Missão do escritor; nação; identidade nacional; projeto literário.
PASSAGENS: BENJAMIN, PARIS, BORGES, BUENOS AIRES
Authors: Cruz Claudio Celso Alano da 
Published: August 2019

Dando início ao projeto Passagens: Benjamin, Paris, Borges, Buenos Aires, e tendo como foco principal O Livro das Passagens, o que se pretende aqui é estabelecer um diálogo inicial entre a obra de Borges e a de Benjamin. Já contamos, neste sentido, com alguns aportes pioneiros de Ricardo Forster, Sylvia Molloy e Kate Jenckes. Como alguns comentadores de Benjamin já vêm chamando a atenção, o inacabamento d’O Livro das Passagens fez dele uma espécie de “obra aberta”, em conformidade com a célebre concepção proposta por Umberto Eco. Por outro lado, se é verdade, como dizia o próprio Borges, que a melhor forma de ler um livro é reescrevê-lo, reescrever O Livro das Passagens talvez seja a melhor forma de fazer jus a ele. Dada a riqueza de seus 4234 fragmentos, dispostos em 36 seções temáticas (konvoluts), essa obra incita-nos a criar nossa própria operação de montagem, conforme vêm propondo alguns comentadores de Benjamin. Na verdade, o livro sugere-nos mesmo a possibilidade de conceber nossos próprios arquivos temáticos, colecionando e reunindo fragmentos escolhidos por nós próprios, arquivos originais, abrindo perspectivas para outras e variadas montagens. Um caminho, entre tantos outros possíveis, seria estabelecer uma “passagem” entre a “central” Paris de Benjamin e a “periférica” Buenos Aires de Borges, a fim de constituir um arquivo à semelhança do por Benjamin, mas agora dedicado a Buenos Aires. A importância das cidades e dos autores para efeito de um estudo da modernidade ocidental é por demais evidente, e não seriam necessárias justificativas para aproximá-los, principalmente se houver uma intenção de melhor entender as tensões típicas do mundo contemporâneo, dividido entre centro e periferia, muito mais do que entre capitalismo e comunismo, como parecia para todos no século XX. Trata-se hoje, muito mais, de investigar as tensões Norte/Sul. Neste sentido, pode ser muito produtivo lançar um olhar benjaminiano a essa “Paris sul-americana”, que teve em Borges talvez o seu fruto mais precioso e contraditório.Palavras-chave: Missão do escritor; nação; identidade nacional; projeto literário.
EL ENSAYO, ENTRE AUTOBIOGRAFÍA INTELECTUAL, BIOGRAFIA NACIONAL Y CIENCIA SOCIAL: GILBERTO FREYRE, EZEQUIEL MARTÍNEZ ESTRADA Y SÉRGIO BUARQUE DE HOLANDA
Authors: Croce Marcela 
Published: August 2019

O artigo se concentra em três ensaios sobre o “ser nacional” que surgem no Cone Sul, na década de 1930, na Argentina e no Brasil: Casa-grande & senzala, Radiografía de la pampa e Raízes do Brasil. Os que escrevem Gilberto Freyre e Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, em 1933, têm o tom essencialista que se expande em enunciados apodíticos, mais mesurados e intimistas no caso do brasileiro, mais incisivos e desanimados na escrita do argentino. A comparação entre estes dois textos maiores das respectivas literaturas revela uma série de coincidências e de contrastes cuja adesão a princípios deterministas, apesar de recorrer a múltiplas citações tomadas à antropologia e à sociologia, renuncia a articular um discurso argumentativamente convincente. Enquanto Freyre avança por meio de intuições emocionais, Martínez Estrada desdobra o texto com uma capacidade retórica superlativa que somente consegue convencer pela precisão estilística, suspendendo o raciocínio coerente e justificado. Frente a tais modelos excessivos, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda introduz em 1936 uma possibilidade de síntese, apelando a indagações históricas e filosóficas, traçando um paralelo entre as conquistas espanhola e portuguesa nas Américas e aplicando conceitos inovadores com vontade de desenvolver as ciências sociais no continente. Às expansões nostálgicas de Freyre e as amarguras céticas de Martínez Estrada, Buarque de Holanda responde com certa fé otimista no “homem cordial” como arquétipo brasileiro, incorrendo na recaída essencialista, porém matizando-a, o que abre o caminho para desenvolvimento da sociologia no ensaio latino-americano.Palavras-chave: Ensaio essencialista; Gilberto Freyre; Martínez Estrada; Sérgio Buarque.
LA INVENCIÓN DE MOREL: UM TRAÇO DA IDENTIDADE LITERÁRIA LATINO-AMERICANA
Authors: Savaris Michele , Aguiar Janaína De Azevedo Baladão de 
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer uma análise da obra La invención de Morel, do escritor Adolfo Bioy Casares, tendo em vista o seu caráter fantástico. Essa narrativa constrói-se de uma maneira pouco convencional, já que se utiliza da ambiguidade para confundir o leitor. Realidade e sonho, verdade e ilusão são aspectos bastante presentes que podem ser entendidos a partir de uma visão crítica do mundo e das ideias racionalistas. A presença do milagre, do insólito e da fé, são elementos partícipes da obra desse autor rio platense que, ao lado de outros textos de autores latino-americanos, formam o conjunto das narrativas fantásticas, real-maravilhosas ou mágicas, segundo definição teórica dos termos. Esse jogo de hibridismo, mesclas e ambiguidades, seria a expressão, através da literatura, de parte da identidade latino-americana.
GENEALOGÍA DEL DESENCANTO: HISTORIA Y DECEPCIÓN EN LA NARRATIVA DE HORACIO CASTELLANOS MOYA
Authors: Callegari Cynthia , Campobello Martha 
Published: August 2019

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la poética de Horacio Castellanos Moya en tanto que muestra en sus textos una tematización de problemáticas histórico-sociales de Centroamérica. Su narrativa impugna la construcción utópica de la narrativa del Boom y, recurriendo al procedimiento de hacer memoria, crea un espacio en red dentro de su propia obra que permite una mirada múltiple sobre la problemática de la violencia desde diferentes aristas. Acercarnos a su palabra nos permitirá trazar un panorama de sus reflexiones que posibilita exponer su pensamiento sobre la relación literatura-sociedad; al mismo tiempo nos orientará para delinear una zona metatextual a partir de la cual el escritor direccionaliza la lectura de sus textos en un espacio donde la violencia es inherente a nuestra realidad. El realismo despiadado que teje su obra nos sitúa en una configuración de América Latina focalizada desde el fondo de un volcán.Palabras claves: Horacio Castellanos Moya; violencia; memoria; hipertexto; relismo despiadado
TRAÇOS DA LINGUAGEM FOTOGRÁFICA EM LA ISLA A MEDIODÍA
Authors: Savaris Michele 
Published: August 2019

Dentro da obra de Julio Cortázar, encontramos inúmeros textos que compõem diversos gêneros como poesia, conto, romance, ensaio, teatro e outros que, muitas vezes, são de difícil classificação. Nesse universo, a literatura cortazariana chama atenção pela grande quantidade de imagens que sugere, mesmo frente a temáticas que soam abstratas e complexas. Dos elementos que se repetem nos textos desse escritor, a fotografia é um deles. Além da relação pessoal de Cortázar com a câmera fotográfica, em um de seus ensaios, o escritor propôs uma reflexão acerca do conto e sua ligação com a fotografia. Para ele, a estrutura de um conto se aproxima à estrutura da fotografia, pois ambos seguem padrões semelhantes, embora tenham origens bem distintas. Além disso, o modo com que escreve seus contos, pressupõe a presença não apenas de um escritor, mas a de um fotógrafo que compõe, enquadra, analisa e recorta sua narrativa. Para ilustrar essa ideia, o presente trabalho busca analisar o conto La isla a mediodía (1966), de Julio Cortázar, sob a ótica da fotografia, mas sem ignorar seu viés fantástico. Tal conto oferece inúmeras possibilidades para que se possa estabelecer essa discussão, já que o olhar, um dos elementos mais presentes no campo fotográfico, perpassa toda a narrativa a partir das atitudes do protagonista Marini. Seu ponto de vista, em relação a tudo o que observa, pode ser comparado ao de um fotógrafo que, por via da câmera, olha, seleciona e narra por meio das imagens registradas. Palavras-chave: Fotografia; Julio Cortázar; Literatura.