bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BCG scar, socioeconomic and nutritional status: a study of newborns in urban area of Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Amaruddin Aldian Irma , Wahyuni Sitti , Hamid Firdaus , Chalid Maisuri T. , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Sartono Erliyani 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate factors that determine the response to Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination in urban environments with respect to socioeconomic status (SES), prenatal exposure to infections or newborn's nutritional status.MethodsThe study was conducted in an urban area, in Makassar, Indonesia. At baseline, 100 mother and newborns pair from high and low SES communities were included. Intestinal protozoa, soil transmitted helminths, total IgE, anti‐Hepatitis A Virus IgG and anti‐Toxoplasma IgG were measured to determine exposure to infections. Information on gestational age, birth weight/height and delivery status were collected. Weight‐for‐length z‐score, a proxy for newborns adiposity, was calculated. Leptin and adiponectin from cord sera were also measured. At 10 months of age, BCG scar size was measured from 59 infants. Statistical modelling was performed using multiple linear regression.ResultsBoth SES and birth nutritional status shape the response towards BCG vaccination at 10 months of age. Infants born to low SES families have smaller BCG scar size compared to infants born from high SES families and total IgE contributed to the reduced scar size. On the other hand, infants born with better nutritional status were found to have bigger BCG scar size but this association was abolished by leptin levels at birth.ConclusionThis study provides new insights into the importance of SES and leptin levels at birth on the development of BCG scar in 10 months old infants.
Identification of circadian rhythms in Nannochloropsis species using bioluminescence reporter lines
Authors: Poliner Eric , Cummings Cameron , Newton Linsey , Farré Eva M. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryCircadian clocks allow organisms to predict environmental changes caused by the rotation of the Earth. Although circadian rhythms are widespread among different taxa, the core components of circadian oscillators are not conserved and differ between bacteria, plants, animals and fungi. Stramenopiles are a large group of organisms in which circadian rhythms have been only poorly characterized and no clock components have been identified. We have investigated cell division and molecular rhythms in Nannochloropsis species. In the four strains tested, cell division occurred principally during the night period under diel conditions; however, these rhythms damped within 2–3 days after transfer to constant light. We developed firefly luciferase reporters for the long‐term monitoring of in vivo transcriptional rhythms in two Nannochlropsis species, Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779 and Nannochloropsis salina CCMP537. The reporter lines express anticipatory behavior under light/dark cycles and free‐running bioluminescence rhythms with periods of ~21–31 h that damped within ~3–4 days under constant light. Using different entrainment regimes, we demonstrate that these rhythms are modulated by a circadian‐type oscillator. In addition, the phase of free‐running luminescence rhythms can be modulated pharmacologically using a CK1 ε/δ inhibitor, suggesting a role of this kinase in the Nannochloropsis clock. Together with the molecular and genomic tools available for Nannochloropsis species, these reporter lines represent an excellent system for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of stramenopile circadian oscillators.
CT findings in a dog with subacute myopathy and later fibrotic contracture of the infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Mikkelsen Marthe Aamodt , Ottesen Nina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA 5‐year‐old Norwegian elkhound was referred due to an acute onset of lameness and persistent shoulder pain over a period of 3 weeks. Computed tomography demonstrated an enlarged, hypoattenuating right infraspinatus muscle with peripheral contrast enhancement and a nonenhancing center, without concurrent lesions in superficial structures or bones. The right infraspinatus muscle showed progressive atrophy on consecutive CT studies. The dog developed clinical symptoms compatible with fibrotic infraspinatus contracture 2 months after the initial presentation, and was treated with infraspinatus tenotomy. Histopathological diagnoses based on intraoperative biopsy samples were fibrotic muscle atrophy and muscle hypertrophy with regeneration.
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection among people and swine in mainland China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yue Na , Wang Qiang , Zheng Mengyun , Wang Donglei , Duan Chunxiao , Yu Xiaoge , Zhang Xuefeng , Bao Changjun , Jin Hui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection remains an important public health problem, and it is endemic primarily in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HEV among the general population, occupational population and swine in mainland China and its risk factors based on a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Systematic search from EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and several Chinese databases, such as Wanfang (WF) Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) and SINOMED, was searched from inception up to 25 April 2018. The overall seroprevalence of HEV and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) as well as the correlation coefficients between different groups were estimated using stata 12.0 and r‐3.4.1 software. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Twenty‐eight studies with 57,274 participants (including human and swine) were included. The seroprevalence of anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) among the general population, occupational population and swine was 27.3% (95% CI: 22.4–32.2), 47.4% (95% CI: 40.1–54.8) and 66.4% (95% CI: 61.7–71.1), respectively. The overall prevalence of IgM among the general population was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.7–2.9). The odds ratio for the occupational population, as compared to the general population, was 2.63. The highest anti‐HEV IgG prevalence (59%) was observed in East China, whereas the lowest (34.8%) was noted in Northeast and North China. In the occupational population, the highest prevalence (77.0%) was observed among swine vendors. Seven studies included 30,392 participants (humans and swine); the correlation coefficient for the prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG between the professional population and adult pigs was 0.88. Sensitivity analyses showed that the stability of results was not considered significant. This research found that HEV is common in China, and contact with pork or other pig products may be an important mode of HEV transmission.
Metaphorical Perception of Sports Management Students on “Women in Sport” Concept
Authors: Ozbey Selhan 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions of sports management students in Turkey regarding “women in sport” through metaphorical images. The study group of the research was composed of undergraduate students of Sports Management Department in 2018-2019 academic year. There were fortyfour percent (44%) of these students were female and fiftysix percent (56%) of them were male, which indicated a total of 126 students. Phenomenology approach which is one of the qualitative research methods has been used. The students who participated in the study were selected on voluntary basis and with easily accessible sampling method. Participant opinions were analyzed by using content analysis method. The data of research was derived from the structured forms which included the sentence “Women in sport is like ……., because…..”. Findings were showned that female students have produced 31 and male students have produced 52 valid metaphors related to the concept of women in sport. These metaphors were categorized under 6 distinct categories according to their common charecteristics. Female and male students` selecting metaphors was represented themes. According to findings, the theme of “women in sport as a leader” shows similarity in female and male students. In the theme of indivicual empoverment, female students used the concepts of sun, star, plane, female lion but male students stated that the metaphors of earth, gun, tank and warrior. The theme of universal values and contribution to social development in male students was explained as the reasons for selecting the metaphors of “indicator of civilization”, “scale of the nation”, “symbol of the equality”. In conclusion, women’s empoverment through sport was the key element in this study. Women stand to gain specific social benefits from participating in sport. Parents, institutions and government should support and encourage women in all stage of the sports.
Human immunodeficiency virus testing and psychosocial outcomes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ngobi John B. , Pottie Kevin , Leonard Lynne , Tugwell Peter , Hoffman Steven J. , Welch Vivian 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The proposed scoping review will identify psychosocial outcomes immediately following human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and their measurements, specifically among individuals with a new negative or positive test result.

Introduction:
No systematic study has described psychosocial outcomes and their measurements in persons immediately following HIV testing. Also, to our knowledge, there is no consensus on a core set of psychosocial outcomes and measurements following HIV diagnosis, which are essential for quality improvement.

Inclusion criteria:
All study designs will be considered. Participants with a new positive or negative HIV test result, regardless of sex or age, in any setting will be included. Any measured beneficial or harmful outcomes in the mental and social domains following a new diagnosis will be included. Psychosocial outcomes of participants undergoing treatment and care will be excluded.

Methods:
The databases Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO will be searched, and published articles in English from 2007 to the present date will be included. The methods for scoping reviews outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be followed. Data will be extracted from included studies by two reviewers. Any disagreements between the two reviewers will be solved through discussion in a team of five members. To define the specific concepts or outcome (sub)-domains and their measurements, the models proposed by the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology initiative and the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials initiative, respectively, will be used. To analyze the data, this study will rely on a multi-level social-ecological model.
Out-of-pocket expenses related to aging in place for frail older people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Moody Elaine , Martin-Misener Ruth , Warner Grace , Macdonald Marilyn , Weeks Lori E. , Shaw Lynn , McKibbon Shelley 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to describe the available evidence reporting out-of-pocket expenses for aging-in-place for frail older people and their caregivers.

Introduction:
There has been an increased focus on supporting frail older people to live in the community, rather than in costly long-term residential care. The out-of-pocket expenses associated with supporting older people with frailty to remain in their homes and communities contribute to caregiver burden and can influence decisions about where to live.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider literature on community-dwelling older people 60 years and older who have been identified as frail. Research and policy papers that report the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by older people with frailty or by their family or friend caregivers to support aging well at home will be included. Studies in English will be considered with no date restriction.

Methods:
The search strategy aims to find both published and unpublished literature (e.g. policy papers, theses and dissertations). Search databases include CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and Public Affairs Index, as well as databases of unpublished sources. The language will be limited to English or French. Title and abstract screening, as well as full-text screening, will be completed by two reviewers. Data will be charted to describe the body of literature focusing on elements such as type of literature, methods used, setting and out-of-pocket expenses. Data will be presented graphically when possible, and accompanied by a narrative that describes the characteristics of the body of literature.
Are perceived barriers to accessing mental healthcare associated with socioeconomic position among individuals with symptoms of depression? Questionnaire-results from the Lolland-Falster Health Study, a rural Danish population study
Authors: Packness Aake , Halling Anders , Simonsen Erik , Waldorff Frans Boch , Hastrup Lene Halling 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate if perceived barriers to accessing mental healthcare (MHC) among individuals with symptoms of depression are associated with their socio-economic position (SEP).DesignCross-sectional questionnaire-based population survey from the Lolland-Falster Health Study (LOFUS) 2016–17 of 5076 participants.ParticipantsThe study included 372 individuals, with positive scores for depression according to the Major Depression Inventory (MDI), participating in LOFUS .InterventionsA set of five questions on perceived barriers to accessing professional care for mental health problem was posed to individuals with symptoms of depression (MDI score >20).OutcomesThe association between SEP (as measured by educational attainment, employment status and financial strain) and five different types of barriers to accessing MHC were analysed in separate multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for gender and age.ResultsA total of 314 out of 372 (84%) completed the survey questions and reported experiencing barriers to MHC access. Worry about expenses related to seeking or continuing MHC was a considerable barrier for 30% of the individuals responding and, as such, the greatest problem among the five types of barriers. 22% perceived Stigma as a barrier to accessing MHC, but there was no association between perceived Stigma and SEP. Transportation was not only the barrier of least concern for individuals in general but also the issue with the greatest and most consistent socio-economic disparity (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.19 to 7.52) for the lowest vs highest educational groups and, likewise, concerning Expenses (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.34 to 5.76) for the same groups.ConclusionIssues associated with Expenses and Transport were more frequently perceived as barriers to accessing MHC for people in low SEP compared with people in high SEP. Stigma showed no association with SEP.Informed written consent was obtained. Region Zealand’s Ethical Committee on Health Research (SJ-421) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (REG-24–2015) approved the study.
A Comparison of Adaptive View Techniques for Exploratory 3D Drone Teleoperation
Authors: Thomason John , Ratsamee Photchara , Orlosky Jason , Kiyokawa Kiyoshi , Mashita Tomohiro , Uranishi Yuki , Takemura Haruo 
Published: March 2019

Drone navigation in complex environments poses many problems to teleoperators. Especially in three dimensional (3D) structures such as buildings or tunnels, viewpoints are often limited to the drone’s current camera view, nearby objects can be collision hazards, and frequent occlusion can hinder accurate manipulation.
To address these issues, we have developed a novel interface for teleoperation that provides a user with environment-adaptive viewpoints that are automatically configured to improve safety and provide smooth operation. This real-time adaptive viewpoint system takes robot position, orientation, and 3D point-cloud information into account to modify the user’s viewpoint to maximize visibility. Our prototype uses simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based reconstruction with an omnidirectional camera, and we use the resulting models as well as simulations in a series of preliminary experiments testing navigation of various structures. Results suggest that automatic viewpoint generation can outperform first- and third-person view interfaces for virtual teleoperators in terms of ease of control and accuracy of robot operation.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of Siltuximab in High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Brighton Timothy A. , Khot Amit , Harrison Simon J. , Ghez David , Weiss Brendan M. , Kirsch Andres , Magen Hila , Gironella Mercedes , Oriol Albert , Streetly Matthew , Kranenburg Britte , Qin Xiang , Bandekar Rajesh , Hu Peter , Guilfoyle Mary , Qi Ming , Nemat Sepideh , Goldschmidt Hartmut 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
IL6 is important for the growth and survival of myeloma cells. This study evaluated blocking IL6 with siltuximab to delay the transition from high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) to multiple myeloma.

Patients and Methods:
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, 85 patients with high-risk SMM were randomized to 15 mg/kg siltuximab (43 patients) or placebo (42 patients). The primary endpoint was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, based on IMWG CRAB criteria. Secondary endpoints included progressive disease indicator rate, PFS, and safety.

Results:
Median age was 62 years (range: 21–84); 57% were male and 87% had a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 0. The 1-year PFS rate was 84.5% (siltuximab) and 74.4% (placebo). After a median follow-up of 29.2 months, 32.6% of PFS events occurred with siltuximab and 42.9% with placebo. Median PFS was not reached with siltuximab but was 23.5 months with placebo [HR 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.24–1.04); P = 0.0597]. The safety profile of siltuximab was comparable with placebo. Most adverse events in the siltuximab group were grade 2/3; the most common serious adverse events were infections/infestations, and renal/urinary disorders. Mortality was low in both groups (3 deaths in the siltuximab group and 4 in the placebo group).

Conclusions:
Although this study did not meet the prespecified protocol hypothesis criteria, data suggest that siltuximab may delay the progression of high-risk SMM.
IL15 Enhances CAR-T Cell Antitumor Activity by Reducing mTORC1 Activity and Preserving Their Stem Cell Memory Phenotype
Authors: Alizadeh Darya , Wong Robyn A. , Yang Xin , Wang Dongrui , Pecoraro Joseph R. , Kuo Cheng-Fu , Aguilar Brenda , Qi Yue , Ann David K. , Starr Renate , Urak Ryan , Wang Xiuli , Forman Stephen J. , Brown Christine E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Improvements in the quality and fitness of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells, through CAR design or manufacturing optimizations, could enhance the therapeutic potential of CAR-T cells. One parameter influencing the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy is the differentiation status of the final product: CAR-T cells that are less-differentiated and less exhausted are more therapeutically effective. In the current study, we demonstrate that CAR-T cells expanded in IL15 (CAR-T/IL15) preserve a less-differentiated stem cell memory (Tscm) phenotype, defined by expression of CD62L+CD45RA+ CCR7+, as compared with cells cultured in IL2 (CAR-T/IL2). CAR-T/IL15 cells exhibited reduced expression of exhaustion markers, higher antiapoptotic properties, and increased proliferative capacity upon antigen challenge. Furthermore, CAR-T/IL15 cells exhibited decreased mTORC1 activity, reduced expression of glycolytic enzymes and improved mitochondrial fitness. CAR-T/IL2 cells cultured in rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor) shared phenotypic features with CAR-T/IL15 cells, suggesting that IL15-mediated reduction of mTORC1 activity is responsible for preserving the Tscm phenotype. CAR-T/IL15 cells promoted superior antitumor responses in vivo in comparison with CAR-T/IL2 cells. Inclusion of cytokines IL7 and/or IL21 in addition to IL15 reduced the beneficial effects of IL15 on CAR-T phenotype and antitumor potency. Our findings show that IL15 preserves the CAR-T cell Tscm phenotype and improves their metabolic fitness, which results in superior in vivo antitumor activity, thus opening an avenue that may improve future adoptive T-cell therapies.
The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera)
Authors: SINCLAIR BRADLEY J. , CUMMING JEFFREY M. 
Published: March 2019

A cladistic analysis of the Empidoidea and basal lineages of the Cyclorrhapha, based on morphological characters, confirms the monophyly of both groups as well as that of the Eremoneura. The resulting final trees are used to revise the classification of the Empidoidea to include the following five families: Empididae, Hybotidae, Atelestidae (including Nemedininae n. subfam.), Brachystomatidae rev. stat. (comprising the subfamilies Brachystomatinae, Ceratomerinae and Trichopezinae), and Dolichopodidae s.lat. The family Microphoridae is not recognized, and the Microphorinae and Parathalassiinae are assigned to the Dolichopodidae s.lat. The Dolichopodidae s.str. includes 15 subfamilies that were previously recognized within the family. Within the Empidoidea we found support for Atelestidae as the sister group to the Hybotidae and for the monophyly of Parathalassiinae + Dolichopodidae s.str. The Empididae remains poorly defined and the genera Homalocnemis Philippi, Iteaphila Zetterstedt, Anthepiscopus Becker, and Oreogeton Schiner are classified as incertae sedis within the Empidoidea. In addition, the following higher taxa are proposed: Symballophthalmini n. tribe, Bicellariini n. tribe, Oedaleinae rev. stat., and Trichininae rev. stat., which are all assigned to the Hybotidae. The genus Sematopoda Collin is tentatively assigned to Trichopezinae, and Xanthodromia Saigusa is transferred from Hemerodromiinae to Brachystomatinae. All morphological characters are extensively discussed and illustrated, including details of the antennae, mouthparts, internal thoracic structures, wings, and male and female terminalia. In addition, a key to families and unplaced genus groups of the Empidoidea is provided. Feeding habits are also discussed in terms of the empidoid ground plan condition.
The effect of task complexity on handwriting kinetics
Authors: Lin Yu-Chen , Chao Yen-Li , Hsu Chieh-Hsiang , Hsu Hsiao-Man , Chen Po-Tsun , Kuo Li-Chieh 
Published: March 2019

Background. Knowledge regarding the relationship between writing kinetics and the difference among writing tasks is limited. Purpose. This study examined the differences in handwriting performance when doing tasks with different levels of challenge from both temporal and kinetic perspectives among children in four different age groups. Method. The cross-sectional design introduced a force-acquisition pen to detect differences of pen grip and writing kinetics among 170 school-age children doing writing tasks at different difficulty levels. Data were obtained on the force information of the digits and pen tip and the kinetic parameters to examine the coordination-and-control mechanism between the digits and pen. Statistical analyzes were carried out to indicate the differences in writing performance among groups and tasks. Findings. Statistical differences in the pen-grip forces, force fluctuation, and force ratio between grip and pen-tip forces were found when performing different writing tasks and among different age groups. Implications. The study provides an alternative method to explore how writing performance among school-age children can vary according to the difficulty of the writing tasks.