bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Gender Analysis of Intra-Household Division of Labor in Cameroon Using Moser’s Triple Roles Framework
Authors: Balgah Roland Azibo , Amungwa Fonteh Athanasius , Egwu Bime Mary Juliet 
Published: February 2019

The relevance of intra-household division of labor for overall household wellbeing is common knowledge, especially among development practitioners from the developing world. While division of labor acquired a newer impetus as a consequence of a strong and emerging gender narrative a few decades ago, its momentum seems to have been torpedoed by the comfort of gender mainstreaming; reducing the role of gender analyses in agricultural extension and sustainable development initiatives. We briefly revisit the gender evolution, and empirically apply Caroline Moser’s triple roles framework in order to rekindle the role of gender analyses in understanding and promoting targeted extension services and sustainable development. A cross sectional, empirical survey was carried out in the North West region of Cameroon from 7-30 October 2014. Two rural and urban divisions were purposively selected. One division had difficult road access, while the other was fairly accessible. Eight villages (four rural and four urban ones) were randomly selected from both divisions. Gender analyses using Moser’s triple roles framework were carried out separately in all villages, with groups of 30-35 self-selected men and women, facilitated by trained enumerators; and complemented with focused group discussions and key informant interviews.
Wide differences between the productive, reproductive and socio-cultural roles in rural and urban communities were unveiled; with even stronger differences between men and women based on gendered results. As expected, more women were engaged in reproductive activities than men, irrespective of setting. Strong bias against women evident in the gender literature was not reported. The results emphasize the implications of regular gender analyses for development effectiveness. There is need for consistent gender analysis as prelude to improving agricultural extension initiatives, achieving gender balanced sustainable development of rural and urban areas in developing countries and upgrading development effectiveness. Context-specific aspects should be considered in informing gender based development actions and policy.
Multiple Degradation and Resistance Capabilities of Marine Bacteria Isolated from Niger Delta, Nigeria on Petroleum Pollutants and Heavy Metals
Authors: Uba Bright Obidinma , Chukwura Edna Ifeoma , Okoye Ebere Linda , Ubani Onyedikachi , Irabor Mark Iyere , Onyekwuluje Nwanneka Vivian , Ajeh Joseph Ebuka , Mmuogbo Calista Sochima , Nwafor Maryann Chizoba , Igboesorom Chibundom Christiana , Nwodo Chidera Juliet , Okafor Jennifer Chinenye , Nwachukwu Chinenyenwa Jennifer 
Published: February 2019

Aims: To determine multiple degradation and resistance capabilities of marine bacteria isolated from Rivers State, Nigeria on petroleum pollutants and heavy metals.
Study Design: Nine treatments and the controls designs were set up in triplicates containing 100 mL of sterile modified mineral basal medium in 250 mL conical flasks supplemented with 50, 100, 200 and 300 ppm of xylene, anthracene and pyrene each; 1 % of other petroleum pollutants and 300 ppm of heavy metals, nine marine hydrocarbon degraders and incubated at 24ºC for 5 - 7 days. The nine treatments and controls set ups designated as ANT1, XYL2, PYR3, ANT4, PYR5, ANT6, XYL7, XYL8, PYR9 and CTRL (Without hydrocarbons) were used to determine the multiple degradability of the marine bacteria.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Nigeria between September, 2014 and March, 2017.
Methodology: A laboratory scale study was carried on six composite samples of the sediment and water samples from the three studied areas using enrichment, screening, selection, molecular, growth effect and substrate specificity techniques.
Results: The findings revealed that screening and selection for the indigenous bacterial isolates from the three studied areas resulted in the isolation of nine out of forty eight (9/48) of the potent strains representing 18.75 % of the total isolates with significant (P = .05) multiple degradation and resistance potentials but with different efficiencies on xylene, anthracene and pyrene, other petroleum products and heavy metals at 50 – 300 pm and 1 %. All the nine potent strains were fully characterized molecularly and phylogenetically and belong to the genera: Providencia, Alcaligenes, Brevundimonas, Myroides, Serratia, and Bacillus.
Conclusion: Thus, these selected potent bacterial strains could significantly contribute in the development of a cost - effective bioremediation process on aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals contaminated environments in Nigeria.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE QUEIJOS DE LEITE DE CABRA TIPO COALHO CONDIMENTADOS E NÃO CONDIMENTADOS
Authors: Santos Lima Thamirys Lorranne , Alves Rerisson Do Nascimento , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo , Rocha Thayse Cavalcante da , Gonçalves Mônica Correia 
Published: February 2019

<p>O queijo Coalho é um dos produtos lácteos com o maior volume de fabricação e de consumo na região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo produzido principalmente nos estados do Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Pernambuco. O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi realizar o levantamento da quantidade de patentes, artigos, teses e dissertações a partir de termos específicos relacionados a queijo Coalho de leite de cabra. As buscas foram realizadas utilizando as bases de dados USPTO, WIPO, ESPACENET, INPI, Periódico CAPES, SCIELO, Google Acadêmico e <em>Science Direct</em>. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que nas bases de dados pesquisadas existem poucos documentos a cerca do tema, no entanto, abre-se uma nova perspectiva de pesquisa e inovação para o queijo de leite de cabra tipo Coalho. </p>
INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS E NEGOCIAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS
Authors: Aveni Alessandro , Leite Diniz Panzolini Carolina , Soares Couto Saldanha Daniela , Pinto Lima Jéssica 
Published: February 2019

<p>Temos por Indicações Geográficas a proteção dada ao território em função da fama local atribuída a um determinado produto ou serviço. Os estudos que envolvem o tema são dos mais diversos, entretanto, o presente artigo pretende apresentar uma análise das indicações geográficas e sua correlação com negociações internacionais. Será abordada a contextualização histórica, os entraves e os impactos econômicos das Indicações Geográficas, tudo em correlação com as negociações internacionais. No contexto histórico é significante constatar que desde tempo remotos era usual a citação de nomes geográficos para identificar produtos. O estudo compara conceitos de Indicações Geográficas e suas ramificações, seus impactos em âmbito nacional e internacional. Como resultado de pesquisa o estudo apresenta considerações sob o sistema de políticas brasileiras relacionadas a propriedade intelectual e Indicações Geográficas, e entraves para as negociações internacionais, onde é possível identificar os pontos a serem explorados para garantir avanço e êxito nas tratativas internacionais.</p>
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE PATENTES RELACIONADA À PRESERVAÇÃO DE ANIMAIS E SUAS PARTES
Authors: Dos Santos Dilma da Paixão Coelho Ferreira , Hanna Samira Abdallah 
Published: February 2019

<p>O presente artigo tem como objetivo mapear os principais pedidos de patentes depositados no mundo, relacionados com às tecnologias de preservação de animais e suas partes e que foram requeridos por universidades através da prospecção tecnológica no Espacenet. Este tema é relevante porque permite extrair informações das patentes, permitindo se identificar novas possibilidades e novos conhecimentos. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que os maiores depositantes são os que o fazem pela WO, seguido dos US e CN. As principais patentes da WO envolvem a preservação da função mitocondrial, dos US envolvem Cicatrização e reparo de feridas e Métodos de preservação de órgãos. As patentes da CN envolvem métodos para preservação de materiais no estado amorfo; Preservação da função mitocondrial; Preservação de tecidos; Preservação dos órgãos e método de preservação a baixa temperatura de acordo com os Códigos Internacionais C12N1/14, A01N1/02, A61K38/00, A01N3/00, A61K38/45, A23L3/3463, A61K31/4178. </p><p>Palavras-chave: Patente. Preservação. Prospecção tecnológica.</p>
TRATAMENTO ANAERÓBIO DE LODOS E ESGOTOS: UM ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO
Authors: Vinhas Porto Paula Marques Borges , Tosta Silvana Sandes , Quintella Cristina M. , De Jesus Thaison Monteiro , Rocha Washigton Franca 
Published: February 2019

Os lodos e lamas provenientes de Estações de Tratamento de Água (ETAs) são promissores biossólidos para uso agrícola. O tratamento anaeróbio é amplamente aplicado como etapa de tratamento biológico de águas residuais industriais. A elevada eficiência de degradação da matéria orgânica neste tipo de processo e a menor produção de lodo residual são algumas das principais vantagens que têm promovido o crescente uso deste processo, gerando-se condições favoráveis para sua aplicação como insumo para agricultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar um estudo comparativo entre métricas, envolvendo a literatura técnica revisada por pares e patentes, a cerca do tema <em>tratamento anaeróbio de lodos e esgotos</em>, usando os seguintes ferramentais <em>VOSViewer<sup>®</sup></em> e <em>Questl Orbit<sup>®</sup>.</em> Após a análise dos mapas e gráficos gerados, conclui-se que o tema é atual com grande margem para desenvolvimento de novos estudos e produção de novas patentes.
Leigh syndrome caused by mutations in MTFMT is associated with a better prognosis
Authors: Hayhurst Hannah , de Coo Irenaeus F. M. , Piekutowska‐Abramczuk Dorota , Alston Charlotte L. , Sharma Sunil , Thompson Kyle , Rius Rocio , He Langping , Hopton Sila , Ploski Rafal , Ciara Elzbieta , Lake Nicole J. , Compton Alison G. , Delatycki Martin B. , Verrips Aad , Bonnen Penelope E. , Jones Simon A. , Morris Andrew A. , Shakespeare David , Christodoulou John , Wesol‐Kucharska Dorota , Rokicki Dariusz , Smeets Hubert J. M. , Pronicka Ewa , Thorburn David R. , Gorman Grainne S. , McFarland Robert , Taylor Robert W. , Ng Yi Shiau 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesMitochondrial methionyl‐tRNA formyltransferase (MTFMT) is required for the initiation of translation and elongation of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Pathogenic variants in MTFMT have been associated with Leigh syndrome (LS) and mitochondrial multiple respiratory chain deficiencies. We sought to elucidate the spectrum of clinical, neuroradiological and molecular genetic findings of patients with bi‐allelic pathogenic variants in MTFMT.MethodsRetrospective cohort study combining new cases and previously published cases.ResultsThirty‐eight patients with pathogenic variants in MTFMT were identified, including eight new cases. The median age of presentation was 14 months (range: birth to 17 years, interquartile range [IQR] 4.5 years), with developmental delay and motor symptoms being the most frequent initial manifestation. Twenty‐nine percent of the patients survived into adulthood. MRI headings in MTFMT pathogenic variants included symmetrical basal ganglia changes (62%), periventricular and subcortical white matter abnormalities (55%), and brainstem lesions (48%). Isolated complex I and combined respiratory chain deficiencies were identified in 31% and 59% of the cases, respectively. Reduction of the mitochondrial complex I and complex IV subunits was identified in the fibroblasts (13/13). Sixteen pathogenic variants were identified, of which c.626C>T was the most common. Seventy‐four percent of the patients were alive at their last clinical review (median 6.8 years, range: 14 months to 31 years, IQR 14.5 years).InterpretationPatients that harbour pathogenic variants in MTFMT have a milder clinical phenotype and disease progression compared to LS caused by other nuclear defects. Fibroblasts may preclude the need for muscle biopsy, to prove causality of any novel variant.
Plasma alpha‐synuclein detected by single molecule array is increased in PD
Authors: Ng Adeline S. L. , Tan Yi Jayne , Lu Zhonghao , Ng Ebonne Y. L. , Ng Samuel Y. E. , Chia Nicole S. Y. , Setiawan Fiona , Xu Zheyu , Tay Kay Yaw , Prakash Kumar M. , Au Wing Lok , Tan Eng‐King , Tan Louis C. S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe utilized ultrasensitive single molecule technology to measure plasma alpha‐synuclein in 221 subjects (51 controls, 170 PD). Plasma alpha‐synuclein levels were significantly higher in PD than controls (15506.3 vs. 13057.0 pg/mL, P = 0.037), adjusting for age and gender. In PD, alpha‐synuclein levels did not vary by H&Y stage or UPDRS motor scores but were significantly higher in PD patients with poorer cognition (MMSE ≤ 25) than controls (P = 0.016, Bonferroni corrected P = 0.047). Alpha‐synuclein levels quantified using ultrasensitive single molecule technology discriminate PD from controls and correlate with cognitive severity. These preliminary findings require independent validation to determine the utility of this assay.
Motor‐imagery ability and function of hemiplegic upper limb in stroke patients
Authors: Morioka Shu , Osumi Michihiro , Nishi Yuki , Ishigaki Tomoya , Ishibashi Rintaro , Sakauchi Tsukasa , Takamura Yusaku , Nobusako Satoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe quantitatively examined the motor‐imagery ability in stroke patients using a bimanual circle‐line coordination task (BCT) and clarified the relationship between motor‐imagery ability and motor function of hemiplegic upper limbs and the level of use of paralyzed limbs.MethodsWe enrolled 31 stroke patients. Tasks included unimanual‐line (U‐L)—drawing straight lines on the nonparalyzed side; bimanual circle‐line (B‐CL)—drawing straight lines with the nonparalyzed limb while drawing circles with the paralyzed limb; and imagery circle‐line (I‐CL)—drawing straight lines on the nonparalyzed side during imagery drawing on the paralyzed side, using a tablet personal computer. We calculated the ovalization index (OI) and motor‐imagery ability (image OI). We used the Fugl–Meyer motor assessment (FMA), amount of use (AOU), and quality of motion (QOM) of the motor activity log (MAL) as the three variables for cluster analysis and performed mediation analysis.ResultsClusters 1 (FMA <26 points) and 2 (FMA ≥26 points) were formed. In cluster 2, we found significant associations between image OI and FMA, AOU, and QOM. When AOU and QOM were mediated between image OI and FMA, we observed no significant direct association between image OI and FMA, and a significant indirect effect of AOU and QOM.InterpretationIn stroke patients with moderate‐to‐mild movement disorder, image OI directly affects AOU of hemiplegic upper limbs and their QOM in daily life and indirectly influences the motor functions via those parameters.
A Path Beyond Metal and Silicon:Polymer/Nanomaterial Composites for Stretchable Strain Sensors
Authors: Qiu Aidong , Li Peilin , Yang Zhaokun , Yao Yu , Lee Ivan , Ma Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConventional strain sensors based on metals and semiconductors are rigid and cannot measure soft and stretchable objects. Thus, new strain sensors based on polymer/nanomaterial composites are attracting more interest. Although much effort has been dedicated to achieve high values of both sensitivity and stretchability with linearity, this work endeavors to search and establish guidelines for the development of stretchable strain sensors, by critically reviewing conventional sensors and examining recent progress. It starts from introducing key parameters for conventional strain sensors; these parameters are further discussed for their potential impact on new polymer/nanomaterial strain sensors. The work concludes that there are no general benchmarks for conventional strain sensors utilized in industry. From the findings, the authors suggest that stretchable strain sensors should be custom designed and developed to meet particular measurement requirements, in comparison with a generic aim of yielding a sensor with high degrees of stretchability, sensitivity, and linearity. Challenges are discussed, including reliability, calibration to be used as proper gauges, and soft data acquisition systems.
Spray‐Coating Magnetic Thin Hybrid Films of PS‐b‐PNIPAM and Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Xia Senlin , Song Lin , Hohn Nuri , Wang Kun , Grott Sebastian , Opel Matthias , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpray coating is employed to fabricate magnetic thin films composed of the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with hydrophobic coatings. The kinetics of structure formation of the hybrid films is followed in situ with grazing incidence small angle X‐ray scattering during the spray deposition. To gain a better understanding of the influence of MNPs on the overall structure formation, the pure polymer film is also deposited as a reference via an identical spray protocol. At the initial spraying stage, the hybrid film (containing 2 wt% of MNPs) exhibits a faster formation process of a complete film as compared to the reference. The existence of MNPs depresses the dewetting behavior of polymer films on the substrate at macroscale and simultaneously alters the polymer microphase separation structure orientation from parallel to vertical. As spraying proceeds, MNPs aggregate into agglomerates with increasing sizes. After the spray deposition is finished, both samples gradually reach an equilibrium state and magnetic films with stable structures are achieved in the end. Superconducting quantum interference device investigation reveals the superparamagnetic property of the sprayed hybrid film. Consequently, potential application of sprayed films in fields such as magnetic sensors or data storage appears highly promising.
Designing Defective Crystalline Carbon Nitride to Enable Selective CO2 Photoreduction in the Gas Phase
Authors: Xia Pengfei , Antonietti Markus , Zhu Bicheng , Heil Tobias , Yu Jiaguo , Cao Shaowen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitrides are promising photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction, but still show lower activity and selectivity. Herein, the synthesis of an ordered crystalline carbon nitride is reported which is simultaneously rich in special defects, accomplished via the co‐condensation of guanidine hydrochloride and dicyandiamide under acetonitrile‐promoted solvothermal conditions. The high crystallinity boosts charge migration, and the structural terminations with cyano and carboxyl groups result in the improvement of optical absorption, the ability to store charges at the surface, and CO2 binding. The crystalline carbon nitride with surface defect design enables the effective gas‐phase CO2 photoreduction into hydrocarbon fuels while oxidizing water to oxygen, at a rate of 12.07 µmol h−1 g−1 and a selectivity of 91.5%, both values of which are remarkably higher than those of most previous carbon nitride photocatalysts. This study highlights the preparation of defective crystalline carbon nitride using a low‐temperature solvothermal synthesis, as well as a resultant good selectivity toward hydrocarbons in the application of gas‐phase CO2 photoreduction in the absence of any cocatalyst or sacrificial agent.
Water‐Soluble Triazolium Ionic‐Liquid‐Induced Surface Self‐Assembly to Enhance the Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shuangjie , Li Zhen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Xingrui , Han Jian , Li Xuanhua , Liu Zhike , (Frank) Liu Shengzhong , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite being a promising candidate for next‐generation photovoltaics, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit limited stability that hinders their practical application. In order to improve the humidity stability of PSCs, herein, a series of ionic liquids (ILs) “1‐alkyl‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium” (termed as RATZ; R represents alkyl chain, and ATZ represents 4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolium) as cations are designed and used as additives in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite precursor solution, obtaining triazolium ILs‐modified PSCs for the first time (termed as MA/RATZ PSCs). As opposed to from traditional methods that seek to improve the stability of PSCs by functionalizing perovskite film with hydrophobic molecules, humidity‐stable perovskite films are prepared by exploiting the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) formation of water‐soluble triazolium ILs on a hydrophilic perovskite surface. The mechanism is validated by experimental and theoretical calculation. This strategy means that the MA/RATZ devices exhibit good humidity stability, maintaining around 80% initial efficiency for 3500 h under 40 ± 5% relative humidity. Meanwhile, the MA/RATZ PSCs exhibit enhanced thermal stability and photostability. Tuning the molecule structure of the ILs additives achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.03%. This work demonstrates the potential of using triazolium ILs as additives and SAM and molecular design to achieve high performance PSCs.
Hyaluronic Acid–Based Activatable Nanomaterials for Stimuli‐Responsive Imaging and Therapeutics: Beyond CD44‐Mediated Drug Delivery
Authors: Choi Ki Young , Han Hwa Seung , Lee Eun Sook , Shin Jung Min , Almquist Benjamin D. , Lee Doo Sung , Park Jae Hyung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a rapidly increasing interest in developing stimuli‐responsive nanomaterials for treating a variety of diseases. By enabling the activation of function locally at the sites of interest, it is possible to increase therapeutic efficacy significantly while simultaneously reducing adverse side effects. While there are many sophisticated nanomaterials available, they are often highly complex and not easily transferrable to industrial scales and clinical settings. However, nanomaterials based on hyaluronic acid offer a compelling strategy for reducing their complexity while retaining several desirable benefits such as active targeting and stimuli‐responsive degradation. Herein, the basic properties of hyaluronic acid, its binding partners, and natural routes for degradation by hyaluronidases—hyaluronic‐acid‐degrading enzymes—and oxidative stresses are discussed. Recent advances in designing hyaluronic acid–based, actively targeted, hyaluronidase‐ or reactive‐oxygen‐species‐responsive nanomaterials for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic delivery, which go beyond merely the classical targeting of CD44, are summarized.
On the Current–Voltage Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells: Dependence on Perovskite Composition and Methods to Remove Hysteresis
Authors: Kang Dong‐Ho , Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent‐density–voltage (J–V) hysteresis in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is a critical issue because it is related to power conversion efficiency and stability. Although parameters affecting the hysteresis have been already reported and reviewed, little investigation is reported on scan‐direction‐dependent J–V curves depending on perovskite composition. This review investigates J–V hysteric behaviors depending on perovskite composition in normal mesoscopic and planar structure. In addition, methodologies toward hysteresis‐free PSCs are proposed. There is a specific trend in hysteresis in terms of J–V curve shape depending on composition. Ion migration combined with nonradiative recombination near interfaces plays a critical role in generating hysteresis. Interfacial engineering is found to be an effective method to reduce the hysteresis; however, bulk defect engineering is the most promising method to remove the hysteresis. Among the studied methods, KI doping is proved to be a universal approach toward hysteresis‐free PSCs regardless of perovskite composition. It is proposed from the current studies that engineering of perovskite film near the electron transporting layer (ETL) and the hole transporting layer (HTL) is of vital importance for achieving hysteresis‐free PSCs and extremely high efficiency.