bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Little Geodetic Evidence for Localized Indian Subduction in the Pamir‐Hindu Kush of Central Asia
Authors: Perry M. , Kakar N. , Ischuk A. , Metzger S. , Bendick R. , Molnar P. , Mohadjer S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGeodetically derived velocities from Central Asia show that Northern Afghanistan, the Tajik Pamir, and northwestern Pakistan all move northward with comparable large velocities toward Eurasia. Steep velocity gradients, hence high strain rates, occur only across the Main Pamir Fault zone and with lesser magnitude between the northernmost Hindu Kush and the south and southeast margins of the Tajik Depression. Localized shortening is not apparent on any active India‐Hindu Kush crustal boundary; hence, crustal convergence between India and Eurasia in Central Asia is absorbed primarily on the northern and western margins of the Pamir. This concentrated strain on the Pamir margins is consistent with one, geometrically complex, interface between subducting Asian lithosphere and the Pamir. That interface might curve westward such that the Hindu Kush seismic zone is a continuation of the Pamir seismic zone, or alternatively, Hindu Kush earthquakes might occur in convectively unstable mantle lithosphere mechanically detached from surface faults.
Deglacial to Holocene Ocean Temperatures in the Humboldt Current System as Indicated by Alkenone Paleothermometry
Authors: Salvatteci Renato , Schneider Ralph R. , Blanz Thomas , Mollier‐Vogel Elfi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe response of the Humboldt Current System to future global warming is uncertain. Here we reconstruct alkenone‐derived near‐surface temperatures from multiple cores along the Peruvian coast to infer the driving mechanisms of upwelling changes for the last 20 kyr. Our records show a deglacial warming consistent with Antarctic ice‐core temperatures and a Mid‐Holocene cooling, which, in combination with other paleoceanographic records, suggest a strengthening of upwelling conditions. This cooling, during the globally warm Mid‐Holocene, is consistent with an intensification of the Walker Circulation and the South Eastern Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone, indicative of La Niña‐like conditions in the Tropical Pacific. Surprisingly, oxygen contents in the subsurface increased and productivity was low during the Mid‐Holocene, which are at odds with La Niña‐like conditions. This suggests that the Humboldt Current System reacts in multiple ways to a warmer world and may even include a reversal in the present day subsurface deoxygenation.
Ancestral sequence reconstruction: accounting for structural information by averaging over replacement matrices
Authors: Moshe Asher , Pupko Tal 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) is widely used to understand protein evolution, structure and function. Current ASR methodologies do not fully consider differences in evolutionary constraints among positions imposed by the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the protein. Here, we developed an ASR algorithm that allows different protein sites to evolve according to different mixtures of replacement matrices. We show that assigning replacement matrices to protein positions based on their solvent accessibility leads to ASR with higher log-likelihoods compared to naïve models that assume a single replacement matrix for all sites. Improved ASR log-likelihoods are also demonstrated when solvent accessibility is predicted from protein sequences rather than inferred from a known 3D structure. Finally, we show that using such structure-aware mixture models results in substantial differences in the inferred ancestral sequences.

Availability and implementation
http://fastml.tau.ac.il.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Coprescribing of Benzodiazepines and Opioids in Older Adults: Rates, Correlates, and National Trends
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
To estimate prescribing trends of and correlates independently associated with coprescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids among adults aged 65 years or older in office-based outpatient visits.

Methods
I examined a nationally representative sample of office-based physician visits by older adults between 2006 and 2015 (n = 109,149 unweighted) using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (NAMCS). National rates and prescribing trends were estimated. Then, I used multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with coprescriptions of benzodiazepines and opioids.

Results
From 2006 to 2015, 15,954 (14.6%) out of 109,149 visits, representative of 39.3 million visits nationally, listed benzodiazepine, opioid, or both medications prescribed. The rate of prescription benzodiazepines only increased monotonically from 4.8% in 2006–2007 to 6.2% in 2014–2015 (p < .001), and the rate of prescription opioids only increased monotonically from 5.9% in 2006–2007 to 10.0% in 2014–2015 (p < .001). The coprescribing rate of benzodiazepines and opioids increased over time from 1.1% in 2006–2007 to 2.7% in 2014–2015 (p < .001). Correlates independently associated with a higher likelihood of both benzodiazepine and opioid prescriptions included: female sex, a visit for chronic care, receipt of six or more concomitantly prescribed medications, and clinical diagnoses of anxiety and pain (p < .01 for all).

Conclusion
The coprescribing rate of benzodiazepines and opioids increased monotonically over time in outpatient care settings. Because couse of benzodiazepines and opioids is associated with medication burdens and potential harms, future research is needed to address medication safety in these vulnerable populations.
Perceived Effectiveness of Home-Based Primary Care Teams in Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Temkin-Greener Helena , Szydlowski Jill , Intrator Orna , Olsan Tobie , Karuza Jurgis , Cai Xueya , Gao Shan , Gillespie Suzanne M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Previous studies have shown that staff perception of team effectiveness is related to better health outcomes in various care settings. This study focused on the Veterans Health Administration’s Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) program. We examined variations in HBPC interdisciplinary teamwork (IDT) and identified modifiable team and program characteristics that may influence staff perceptions of team effectiveness.

Research Design
We used a broadly validated survey instrument to measure perceived team effectiveness, workplace conditions/resources, group culture, and respondents’ characteristics. Surveys were initiated in January and completed in July, 2016.

Methods
Team membership rosters (n = 249) included 2,852 IDT members. The final analytical data set included 1,403 surveys (49%) from 221 (89%) teams. A generalized estimating equation model with logit link function, weighted by survey response rates, was used to examine factors associated with perceived team effectiveness.

Results
Respondents who served as primary care providers (PCPs) were 8% more likely (p = .0044) to view team’s performance as highly effective compared to other team members. Teams with nurse practitioners serving as team leader reported 6% higher likelihood of high-perceived team effectiveness (p = .0234). High team effectiveness was 13% more likely in sites where the predominant culture was characterized as group/developmental, and 7%–8% more likely in sites with lower environmental stress and better resources and staffing, respectively.

Conclusions and Implications
Team effectiveness is an important indirect measure of HBPC teams’ function. HBPC teams should examine their predominant culture, workplace stress, resources and staffing, and PCP leadership model as part of their quality improvement efforts.
Time Use and Experienced Wellbeing of Older Caregivers: A Sequence Analysis
Authors: Freedman Vicki A , Cornman Jennifer C , Carr Deborah , Lucas Richard E 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The diminished wellbeing of caregivers is well documented, but studies typically draw upon coarse measures of time use and thus provide limited understanding of the role of specific care activities in the daily lives of care providers. This study uses time diary data to explore whether there are signature care patterns throughout the day and whether these care patterns have implications for caregivers’ experienced wellbeing.

Research Design and Methods
Using a national sample of 511 time diaries from older caregivers in the Disability and Use of Time supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examine minutes of care provided on the prior day, overall and for four broad care categories (household, personal care, transportation, and visiting), and patterns of care over the day, the latter based on sequence and cluster analysis.

Results
Older caregivers spend on average 2.3 hr providing care to another adult on care days. Caregiving follows a roller-coaster pattern over the day, peaking at mealtimes. Sequence analysis suggests five distinctive caregiving patterns, which vary by both demographic characteristics of the caregiver (gender, work status) and care arrangement type (relationship to recipient, whether sole caregiver to recipient). The 40% who provide only marginal assistance of about 1 hr report lower experienced wellbeing than the 28% who provide sporadic assistance with a mix of activities for about 2 hr.

Discussion and Implications
A substantial share of older caregivers provides only 1 hr of assistance on a given day but appears to be at risk for reduced wellbeing. Better understanding of the reason for their marginal involvement and reduced wellbeing is warranted.
Ocean currents predict fine-scale genetic structure and source-sink dynamics in a marine invertebrate coastal fishery
Authors: Silva C N S , Macdonald H S , Hadfield M G , Cryer M , Gardner J P A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEstimates of connectivity are vital for understanding population dynamics and for the design of spatial management areas. However, this is still a major challenge in the marine environment because the relative contributions of factors influencing connectivity amongst subpopulations are difficult to assess. This study combined population genetics with hydrodynamic modelling (Regional Ocean Modeling System, ROMS) to assess spatial and temporal exchange of individuals among subpopulations of the New Zealand scallop, Pecten novaezelandiae, within the Coromandel fishery area open to commercial fishing. Significant genetic differentiation was revealed among subpopulations with variable levels of recruitment. Connectivity, as assessed by ROMS, was a significant explanatory variable of genetic differentiation when accounting for the spatial dependency between locations. Although additional research is needed before source-sink population dynamics can be confidently used in management, these results imply that higher yields could be available from this fishery at lower risk of over-exploitation if the fishing of each subpopulation could be tailored to its contribution to recruitment, perhaps using subpopulation catch limits. This study highlights inter-annual patterns of connectivity, the importance of combining different methods for a better prediction of population dynamics, and how such an approach may contribute to management of living marine resources.
License to Assemble: Theorizing Brand Longevity
Authors: Preece Chloe , Kerrigan Finola , O’reilly Daragh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study delineates the process of brand longevity: the achievement of social salience and ongoing consumer engagement over a sustained period. Our study contributes to branding theory by proposing a multilevel approach to understanding brand longevity through application of an assemblage perspective to answer the question: how do serial brands attain longevity within evolving sociocultural contexts? By applying assemblage theory, we scrutinize the enduring success of a serial media brand over the past 55 years. To address this question, a wide range of archival brand-related data were collected and analyzed, including: analysis of films, books, marketing materials, press commentaries, and reviews, as well as broader contextual data regarding the sociocultural contexts within which the brand assemblage has developed. Our findings empirically support the study of brand longevity in and of itself, and conceptualize brand longevity as relying on an evolutionary approach to assembling the brand, which looks outward from the brand in order to consider the potential of brand elements to prevail in contemporary contexts and to ensure both continuity and change.
The Respiratory Specimen Collection Trial (ReSpeCT): A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Quality and Timeliness of Respiratory Sample Collection in the Home by Parents and Healthcare Workers From Children Aged &lt;2 Years
Authors: Zoch-Lesniak Beate , Ware Robert S , Grimwood Keith , Lambert Stephen B 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost acute respiratory infection (ARI) research focuses on severe disease and overlooks the burden of community-managed illness. For community-based studies, home-based specimen collection by parents could be a resource-saving alternative to collection by healthcare workers (HCWs). In this study, we compared parent and HCW groups for their likelihood to collect specimens and the timeliness and quality of such collection.MethodsIn this unblinded randomized controlled trial, parents from Brisbane, Australia, were taught to identify new ARI episodes in their children aged &lt;2 years. When their child had a new ARI, parents either collected a nasal swab from the child (P group) or contacted an HCW who visited to obtain a nasopharyngeal swab (HCW group). We compared the likelihood and timeliness of specimen collection and respiratory pathogen detection. A nested diagnostic study compared paired specimen collections from children in the HCW group.ResultsIncluded were 76 incident ARI episodes from 31 children and 102 episodes from 33 children in the P and HCW groups, respectively. The proportions of ARIs for which a specimen was collected were similar (P group, 69.7%; HCW group, 72.5%; P = .77), and pathogens were detected in 93.8% and 77.5% of the specimens, respectively (P = .03). The period between ARI onset and specimen collection was shorter in the P group than in the HCW group (mean difference, 1.9 days [95% confidence interval, 0.7–3.0 days]; P &lt; .001). For the 69 paired specimens, viral loads were lower in the parent-collected swabs (mean cycle threshold difference, 4.5 [95% confidence interval, 3.1–5.9]; P &lt; .001).ConclusionsParents and HCWs obtained samples in similar proportions of ARI episodes, but the parents collected the samples fewer days after ARI onset and with a resulting higher likelihood of pathogen identification. This method can be used in population-based epidemiological studies of ARI as a resource-saving alternative.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00966069.
Unique clinical features of cryptococcal meningitis among Chinese patients without predisposing diseases against patients with predisposing diseases
Authors: Xu Lijun , Zhang Xinyue , Guo Yongzheng , Tao Ran , Dai Xiahong , Yang Zongxing , Huang Ying , Zhu Biao , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe clinical features of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in patients without predisposing diseases (PD) remain unclear. In sum, 162 of the 167 patients without PD and 162 of the 309 patients with PD were enrolled after propensity score matching. Demographic characteristics, symptoms, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the factors associated with 10-week mortality. In total, approximately 35.1% of CM patients were without PD. CM patients without PD had blood profiles of higher white blood cells (WBC) [8.9(6.7–11.0) × 109/l], hemoglobin (128.4 ± 20.9 g/l), platelets [(226.2 ± 64.1) × 109/l], and serum albumin (41.2 ± 5.8 g/l) (all P ≤ .001) and CSF profiles of lower glucose (2.0 ± 1.2 mmol/l), pleocytosis [65.0 (18.0–160.0) × 106/l] and higher total protein [0.9 (0.7–1.4)g/l] (all P < .05). CM patients without PD had lower Cryptococcus culture positivity in CSF (62.5% vs. 74.1%, P = .039) but higher 2-week of CSF culture sterilization rates (69.4% vs. 51.3%, P = .031). The overall 10-week survival rate was 84.7% in patients without PD and 81.1% in patients with PD (Log-rank P = .439). CSF glucose <1.5 mmol/l, CSF fungal burden >20 cells/high power field and treatment lacking amphotericin B had a 3–4 times higher risk of death in patients without PD, whereas serum albumin <35 g/l, CSF glucose < 1.5 mmol/l, and CSF WBC <55 × 106 cell/l were risk factors for patients with PD. CM patients without PD had unique blood and CSF profiles, especially, had lower Cryptococcus culture positivity in CSF, and higher 2-week CSF culture sterilization. Low CSF glucose levels, higher fungal burden, and treatment without amphotericin B were risk factors for 10-week mortality.
Durability of Antibody Response Against the Hepatitis B Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Proposed Immunization Guideline From a 3-Year Follow-up Clinical Study
Authors: Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Udomkarnjananun Suwasin , Wattanatorn Salin , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Townamchai Natavudh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Despite the importance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization in kidney transplantation (KT), data are lacking on fluctuations in hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBsAb) levels and optimal levels for KT recipients.

Methods
The study consisted of anti-HBsAb-positive recipients aged 18–70 years at the time of the KT. Recipients with anti-HBsAb &lt;100 IU/L received a single booster HBV vaccination, and anti-HBsAb was measured at baseline and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-KT. Anti-HBsAb, quantitative HBV deoxyribonucleic acid testing (12 and 24 months post-KT), and hepatitis B core-related antigen (24 months post-KT) were evaluated in recipients with anti-HBsAb &gt;100 IU/L who received a hepatitis B surface antigen positive renal allograft.

Results
Seventy-six of 257 (29.6%) KT recipients with anti-HBsAb &lt;100 IU/L at the time of enrollment received a single booster of HBV vaccination. Anti-HBsAb levels increased (≥100 IU/L) 1 and 3 months post-booster dose in 86% and 93% of cases, respectively. Anti-HBsAb levels were ≥100 IU/L in 95% of these recipients 6 months post-booster dose. Among 181 (70%) recipients with anti-HBsAb ≥100 IU/L without a booster dose, anti-HBsAb gradually decreased after the KT from 588 IU/L at baseline to 440 and 382 IU/L 3 and 6 months post-KT, respectively (P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
To ensure optimal immunity against HBV, KT recipients should first be stratified according to their risk of HBV reactivation. Kidney transplantation recipients of renal allografts from HBV nonviremic or viremic donors should be reimmunized when their anti-HBsAb titers are &lt;250 IU/L. A cutoff level of 100 IU/L is recommended in other cases.
Isolated Cerebral Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Baldolli Aurélie , Bonhomme Julie , Yera Hélène , Grenouillet Frederic , Chapon Françoise , Barbier Charlotte , Hazera Pascal , Verdon Renaud 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is rare and mostly associated with liver involvement. We report an exceptional case of a 62-year-old man with a hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia harboring a primary cerebral AE mimicking neurocysticercosis with &gt;100 cerebral lesions and without liver involvement.
The Role of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole in the Treatment of Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Luterbach Courtney L , Boshe Ashley , Henderson Heather I , Cober Eric , Richter Sandra S , Salata Robert A , Kalayjian Robert C , Watkins Richard R , Hujer Andrea M , Hujer Kristine M , Rudin Susan D , Domitrovic T Nicholas , Doi Yohei , Kaye Keith S , Evans Scott , Fowler Vance G , Bonomo Robert A , van Duin David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the Consortium on Resistance Against Carbapenems in Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae (CRACKLE), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) had a limited role in the treatment of less severe carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, especially urinary tract infections. Of tested CRE, only 29% were susceptible to TMP-SMX. Development of resistance further limits the use of TMP-SMX in CRE infections.
Optimizing Long-Term Outcomes and Avoiding Failure With the Fibula Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Carter Thomas H. , Mackenzie Samuel P. , Bell Katrina R. , Bugler Kate E. , MacDonald Deborah , Duckworth Andrew D. , White Timothy O. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
To identify risk factors for fixation failure, report patient outcomes, and advise on modifications to the surgical technique for fibula nail stabilization of unstable ankle fractures.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Academic orthopaedic trauma unit.

Patients:
All 342 patients were identified retrospectively from a prospectively collected single-center trauma database over a 9-year period.

Intervention:
Unstable ankle fractures managed surgically with a fibula nail.

Main Outcome Measurements:
The primary short-term outcome was failure, defined as any case that required revision surgery because of an inadequate mechanical construct. The mid-term outcomes included the Olerud–Molander Ankle Score and the Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire.

Results:
Twenty failures occurred (6%), of which 7 (2%) were due to device failure and 13 (4%) due to surgeon error. Of the surgeon errors, 8 consisted of inappropriate weight-bearing after syndesmotic diastasis, and 5 were due to inadequate fracture reduction or poor nail placement. Proximal locking screw (PLS) pull-out was the cause of all device failures. Positioning the PLS >20 mm above the plafond significantly increased failure risk (P = 0.003). At a mean follow-up of 5.1 years (range, 8 months–8 years) the median Olerud–Molander Ankle Score and Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire were 80 (interquartile range, 45) and 10.94 (interquartile range, 44.00), respectively. Patient outcome was not negatively affected by the requirement for revision surgery.

Conclusions:
The fibula nail offers secure fixation and good patient-reported outcomes for unstable ankle fractures. Appropriate postoperative management and surgical technique, including careful placement of the PLS, is essential to minimize construct failure risk.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.