bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning VLBI image reconstruction with closure invariants
Authors: Lai Samuel , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan , Wong O Ivy , Diakogiannis Foivos , Hoefs Lucas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Interferometric closure invariants, constructed from triangular loops of mixed Fourier components, capture calibration-independent information on source morphology. While a complete set of closure invariants is directly obtainable from measured visibilities, the inverse transformation from closure invariants to the source intensity distribution is not established. In this work, we demonstrate a deep learning approach, Deep learning Image Reconstruction with Closure Terms (DIReCT), to directly reconstruct the image from closure invariants. Trained on both well-defined mathematical shapes (two-dimensional Gaussians, discs, ellipses, m-rings) and natural images (CIFAR-10), the results from our specially designed model are insensitive to station-based corruptions and thermal noise. The median fidelity score between the reconstruction and the blurred ground truth achieved is $\gtrsim 0.9$ even for untrained morphologies, where a unit score denotes perfect reconstruction. In our validation tests, DIReCT’s results are comparable to other state-of-the-art deconvolution and regularized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction algorithms, with the advantage that DIR eCT does not require hand-tuned hyperparameters for each individual prediction. This independent approach shows promising results and offers a calibration-independent constraint on source morphology, ultimately complementing and improving the reliability of sparse very long baseline interferometry imaging results.
Non-Gaussian likelihoods for Type Ia supernova cosmology: implications for dark energy and H0
Authors: Lovick Toby , Dhawan Suhail , Handley Will 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The latest improvements in the scale and calibration of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) catalogues allow us to constrain the specific nature and evolution of dark energy through its effect on the expansion history of the Universe. We present the results of Bayesian model comparison on the SNe Ia catalogue Pantheon+, where flat Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) is preferred by the data over all other models and we find moderate evidence ($\Delta \log \mathcal {Z} \sim 2.5$) to reject a number of alternate dark energy models. The effect of peculiar velocity corrections on model comparison is analysed, where we find that removing peculiar velocity corrections lessens the $\Delta \log \mathcal {Z}$ of each cosmology against $\Lambda$CDM and overall reduces the strength of $\Lambda$CDM in the model comparison. As well as comparing cosmological models, the Bayesian methodology is extended to testing for non-gaussianity in the distribution of the Pantheon+ Hubble residuals. We find that adding a scale parameter to the Pantheon+ covariances, or alternately using a multivariate Student’s t-distribution fits the data better than the fiducial analysis, producing a marginalized evidence increase of $\Delta \log \mathcal {Z} = 1.70$ and 2.70, respectively. This improved treatment of the scatter produces a 5 per cent decrease in the uncertainty of the Hubble constant as compared to SH0ES, finding $H_0 = 73.67 \pm 0.99$${\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ in $5.6\sigma$ tension with Planck, guided by the evidence when marginalizing over both cosmological and scatter models. We also explore $M_B$ transition models as a potential solution for the Hubble tension, finding no evidence to support these models among the SN data.
Multiwavelength coverage of the 2024 periastron passage of PSR B1259–63/LS 2883
Authors: Chernyakova M , Malyshev D , van Soelen B , Finn Gallagher A , Matchett N , Russell T D , van den Eijnden J , Lower M E , Johnston S , Tsygankov S , Salganik A , Shebalkova Iu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
PSR B1259$-$63is a gamma-ray binary system with a 48 ms radio pulsar orbiting around an O9.5Ve star, LS 2883, in a highly eccentric ${\sim} 3.4$ yr long orbit. Close to the periastron the system is detected from radio up to the TeV energies due to the interaction of the stellar wind from LS 2883 and the pulsar’s relativistic outflow. Observations of the last four periastron passages, taken in 2010–2021, demonstrate periastron-to-periastron variability at all wavelengths, probably linked to the state of the Be star’s decretion disc. In this paper, we present the results of our optical, radio and X-ray observational campaigns on PSR B1259$-$63 performed in 2024 accompanied with the analysis of the publicly available GeV Fermi/LAT data. We show that this periastron passage was characterized by the early flaring of X-rays before the periastron passage and GeV emission after the periastron passage, which can be explained by a larger size of the decretion disc as supported by the optical observations. The structure of the GeV flare is also in agreement with the disruption of the large dense disc. The possible X-ray/radio correlation was observed only during the post-periastron rise of X-ray and radio emission.
mTOR inhibitors as potential therapeutics for endometriosis: a narrative review
Authors: Nakamura Akiko , Tanaka Yuji , Amano Tsukuru , Takebayashi Akie , Takahashi Akimasa , Hanada Tetsuro , Tsuji Shunichiro , Murakami Takashi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been used clinically as anticancer and immunosuppressive agents for over 20 years, demonstrating their safety after long-term administration. These inhibitors exhibit various effects, including inhibition of cell proliferation, interaction with the oestrogen and progesterone pathways, immunosuppression, regulation of angiogenesis, and control of autophagy. We evaluated the potential of mTOR inhibitors as therapeutic agents for endometriosis, examined the secondary benefits related to reproductive function, and assessed how their side effects can be managed. We conducted a thorough review of publications on the role of the mTOR pathway and the effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors in endometriosis patients. These results indicate that the mTOR pathway is activated in endometriosis. Additionally, mTOR inhibitors have shown efficacy as monotherapies for endometriosis. They may alleviate resistance to hormonal therapy in endometriosis, suggesting a potential synergistic effect when used in combination with hormonal therapy. The potential reproductive benefits of mTOR inhibitors include decreased miscarriage rates, improved implantation, and prevention of age-related follicular loss and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Activation of the mTOR pathway has also been implicated in the malignant transformation of endometriosis. Preclinical studies suggest that the dosage of mTOR inhibitors needed for treating endometriosis may be lower than that required for anticancer or immunosuppressive therapy, potentially reducing dosage-dependent side effects. In conclusion, while mTOR inhibitors, which allow for pregnancy during oral administration, show potential for clinical use in all stages of endometriosis, current evidence is limited to preclinical studies, and further research is needed to confirm clinical effectiveness.
GoFCards: an integrated database and analytic platform for gain of function variants in humans
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Tao Youfu , Xiong Jiayi , Liu Lei , Wang Zhongqing , Shao Chuhan , Shang Ling , Hu Yue , Xu Yishu , Su Yingluo , Yu Jiahui , Feng Tianyi , Xie Junyi , Xu Huijuan , Zhang Zijun , Peng Jiayi , Wu Jianbin , Zhang Yuchang , Zhu Shaobo , Xia Kun , Tang Beisha , Zhao Guihu , Li Jinchen , Li Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gain-of-function (GOF) variants, which introduce new or amplify protein functions, are essential for understanding disease mechanisms. Despite advances in genomics and functional research, identifying and analyzing pathogenic GOF variants remains challenging owing to fragmented data and database limitations, underscoring the difficulty in accessing critical genetic information. To address this challenge, we manually reviewed the literature, pinpointing 3089 single-nucleotide variants and 72 insertions and deletions in 579 genes associated with 1299 diseases from 2069 studies, and integrated these with the 3.5 million predicted GOF variants. Our approach is complemented by a proprietary scoring system that prioritizes GOF variants on the basis of the evidence supporting their GOF effects and provides predictive scores for variants that lack existing documentation. We then developed a database named GoFCards for general geneticists and clinicians to easily obtain GOF variants in humans (http://www.genemed.tech/gofcards). This database also contains data from &gt;150 sources and offers comprehensive variant-level and gene-level annotations, with the aim of providing users with convenient access to detailed and relevant genetic information. Furthermore, GoFCards empowers users with limited bioinformatic skills to analyze and annotate genetic data, and prioritize GOF variants. GoFCards offers an efficient platform for interpreting GOF variants and thereby advancing genetic research.
ClinVar: updates to support classifications of both germline and somatic variants
Authors: Landrum Melissa J , Chitipiralla Shanmuga , Kaur Kuljeet , Brown Garth , Chen Chao , Hart Jennifer , Hoffman Douglas , Jang Wonhee , Liu Chunlei , Maddipatla Zenith , Maiti Rama , Mitchell Joseph , Rezaie Tayebeh , Riley George , Song Guangfeng , Yang Jinpeng , Ziyabari Lora , Russette Andrew , Kattman Brandi L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
ClinVar (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/) is a free, public database of human genetic variants and their relationships to disease, with &gt;3 million variants submitted by &gt;2800 organizations across the world. The database was recently updated to have three types of classifications: germline, oncogenicity and clinical impact for somatic variants. As for germline variants, classifications for somatic variants can be submitted in batches in a file submission or through the submission API; variants can also be submitted and updated one at a time in online submission forms. The ClinVar XML files were redesigned to allow multiple classification types. Both old and new formats of the XML are supported through the end of 2024. Data for somatic classifications were also added to the ClinVar VCF files and to several tab-delimited files. The ClinVar VCV pages were updated to display the three types of classifications, both as it was submitted and as it was aggregated by ClinVar. Clinical testing laboratories and others in the cancer community are invited to share their classifications of somatic variant classifications through ClinVar to provide transparency in genomic testing and improve patient care.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for predicting tumor growth of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: A prospective study
Authors: Schouten Sammy M , Lewis Daniel , Cornelissen Stefan , Li Ka-Loh , Zhu Xiaoping , Maas Marnix C , Pegge Sjoert , Jansen Thijs T G , Mulder Jef J S , Waterval Jérôme J , Postma Alida A , Pathmanaban Omar , Coope David J , Derks Jolanda M M , Langenhuizen Patrick P J H , King Andrew T , Verheul Jeroen B , Kunst Henricus P M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Advanced MR imaging, such as diffusion-weighted (DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging, may provide valuable noninvasive information on intrinsic tumor biology. This study aims to evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and DCE-MRI-derived microvascular parameter values (Ktrans, ve, and vp) as potential imaging predictors for future sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, patients with newly diagnosed unilateral sporadic VS and an initial wait-and-scan strategy were enrolled between January 2021 and January 2023. Patients underwent a single timepoint comprehensive MRI protocol, including DWI and DCE-MRI sequences. The estimated values of ADC, Ktrans, ve, and vp were calculated using established pipelines on a voxelwise basis within the delineated tumor region of interest. Associations of the estimated parameter values with volumetric growth were evaluated in uni- and multivariable logistic regression and survival analyses.

Results
Of the 110 analyzed patients, 70 (64%) exhibited growth during follow-up. A significant correlation was primarily observed between the DCE-MRI-derived parameters and VS growth. The combination of mean Ktrans (P &lt; .001) and ve (P &lt; .001) tumor values provided an internally validated model with an AUC of 0.85 for growth, yielding a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 73% at the optimized cutoff value. Only the mean ADC values were found to be significantly higher in shrinking tumors (P = .04).

Conclusions
The strongly significant correlation observed between VS growth and Ktrans and ve tumor values indicate the great potential of the noninvasive DCE-MRI for individualized VS management in clinical practice. External validation is needed to further substantiate these findings.
Risk analysis of radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma: Systematic review and comparative study of 10-year outcomes
Authors: Guy Kevin M , Pace April A , Tsang Derek S , Volsky Peter G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Determine the benefit of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) compared to no treatment for sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) by calculating epidemiologic risk using 10-year data; apply the analysis to VS that have demonstrated linear growth.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library are systematically reviewed for VS tumor control 10 years after SRS and compared to a historical cohort of untreated VS (primary risk analysis). Subgroups of VS limited by size and observed growth are compared to the untreated cohort (secondary analysis).

Results
Twenty-four studies of 4079 SRS-treated VS exhibited tumor control in 90.93% (87.0%–100%; SD 4.1%), while 1959 untreated VS exhibited control in 65.24%. SRS reduces the absolute risk (ARR) of tumor progression by 25.7% compared to no treatment. The number needed to treat (NNT) is 4 (3.892, 95% CI: 3.619–4.210). Subgroup analyses of (1) VS with definite linear growth before SRS result in a similar ARR of 29.4% and NNT 4 (3.395, 95% CI: 2.966–3.968), and (2) Koos 1 VS result in lower ARR 18.31% and higher NNT 6 (5.209; 95% CI: 4.018–7.401).

Conclusions
This “best-available” case–control study of 10-year data reveals that ARR and NNT are similar for VS with and without definite pretreatment linear growth. These comparisons may be applied to CPA diameters less than 2 cm. Results for Koos 1 tumors are different. This analysis quantifies the therapeutic benefit of SRS by comparative risk analysis. The level of evidence on this topic is low.
Single-shot simultaneous intensity, phase, and polarization imaging with metasurface
Authors: Bao Yanjun , Li Baojun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Optical imaging of the intensity, phase and polarization distributions of optical field is fundamental to numerous applications. Traditional methods rely on bulky optical components and require multiple measurements. Recently, metasurface-based (MS-based) imaging strategies have emerged as a promising solution to address these challenges. However, they have been primarily limited to capturing partial information of the three parameters, tailored to specific optical fields, which poses challenges when addressing with arbitrary field distributions and achieving three-parameter imaging. In this study, we introduce a MS-based approach for single-shot optical imaging that simultaneously captures all the three parameters of optical fields with arbitrary intensity, phase, and polarization distributions. We experimentally validate the versatility of our method by conducting imaging of various types of optical fields with arbitrary well-defined distributions. The strategy presented in our work is expected to open up promising avenues for diverse applications, including imaging, optical communications, and beyond.
Design and fabrication of 1D nanomaterials for electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Jin Hongdu , Liu Min , Wang Lei , You Wenbin , Pei Ke , Cheng Han-Wen , Che Renchao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The design and fabrication of high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials are essential in developing electronic communication technology for defense and civilian applications. These materials function by interacting with EMWs, creating various effects such as polarization relaxation, magnetic resonance, and magnetic hysteresis in order to absorb EMWs. Significant progress has been made to improve the dimensional performance of such materials, emphasizing the ‘thin, light, broad, and strong’ functional specifications. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures are characterized by high surface area, low density, and unique electromagnetic properties, providing promising solutions to address some of the challenges in facilitating multiple reflections and wideband resonances, which are crucial for effective EMW attenuation. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in exploring 1D structures for enhancing EMW absorption and their controllability. The design and fabrication of nanofibers, nanowires, and other 1D nanostructures are highlighted. The advantages of 1D nanomaterials in EMW absorption are also described. Challenges and future directions are discussed, focusing on developing new design concepts and fabrication methods for achieving high-performance and lightweight EMW absorbers and enhancing fundamental understanding of EMW absorption mechanisms.
A soft, ultra-tough and multifunctional artificial muscle for volumetric muscle loss treatment
Authors: Qiu Peng-Fei , Qiang Lei , Kong Weiqing , Wang Fang-Zhou , Wang Hong-Qin , Hou Ke-Xin , Liu Yihao , Li Cheng-Hui , Zheng Pengfei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The escalating prevalence of skeletal muscle disorders highlights the critical need for innovative treatments for severe injuries such as volumetric muscle loss. Traditional treatments, such as autologous transplants, are constrained by limited availability and current scaffolds often fail to meet complex clinical needs. This study introduces a new approach to volumetric muscle loss treatment by using a shape-memory polymer (SMP) based on block copolymers of perfluoropolyether and polycaprolactone diol. This SMP mimics the biomechanical properties of natural muscle, exhibiting a low elastic modulus (2–6 MPa), high tensile strength (72.67 ± 3.19 MPa), exceptional toughness (742.02 ± 23.98 MJ m−3) and superior biocompatibility, thereby enhancing skeletal muscle tissue integration and regeneration within 4 weeks. Moreover, the polymer's shape-memory behavior and ability to lift &gt;5000 times its weight showcase significant potential in both severe muscle disorder treatment and prosthetic applications, surpassing existing scaffold technologies. This advancement marks a pivotal step in the development of artificial muscles for clinical use.
Concentration of income and human development: the role of the middle class
Authors: Castells-Quintana David , Gradín Carlos , Royuela Vicente 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, we reassess the relationship between inequality and human development, focusing on the differential role of concentration of income at different parts of the distribution. To do so, we rely on a large global panel of countries over the last decades including information on economic and human development, as well as detailed information on the distribution of income within countries. We show how the concentration of income at the bottom and top, rather than overall inequality, is negatively associated with human development. This result highlights the relevance of income shares that go to the middle part of the income distribution and seems especially important in what refers to human capital accumulation in middle- and low-income countries, and health in high-income countries. Our main results remain significant under different specifications and estimation techniques and after controlling for several country-specific characteristics, including the quality of institutions.
Evidence for the benefits of lifestyle medicine interventions in breast cancer survivorship
Authors: Wright Laura E , Sudheendra Preeti K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There are currently 4 million breast cancer survivors in the United States, and this number is expected to substantially increase in the decades to come. Breast cancer survivors experience treatment- and cancer-related debility, stress, and isolation that exceed rates in the general population. This review provides evidence for survival and quality of life benefits in patients living with breast cancer with the implementation of the 6 pillars of lifestyle medicine, which include physical activity, nutrition, social connection, adequate sleep, stress management, and avoidance of toxic substances. Overwhelmingly, lifestyle modifications and support of psychosocial health improve survival and quality of life in patients living with breast cancer. Data presented here suggest that patients living with breast cancer would benefit from a comprehensive lifestyle medicine approach to survivorship and formal implementation of such programs could significantly impact cancer mortality and morbidity.
Implicit Black identification among White non-Hispanic respondents and support for Black reparations
Authors: Craemer Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Theories of self-interest and ingroup-favouritism dominate Western thought. They give Black reparations in the US little chance of electoral success while African Americans remain a minority. Could Black reparations become feasible despite this limitation? I propose ‘relational identity theory’, a combination of Simon’s (1993) utility theory as well as Aron and Aron’s (1986) self-expansion theory, as an alternative to theories of self-interest and ingroup-favouritism. The theory allows for the inclusion of an outgroup in the self-concept. An online reaction-time procedure (n = 1,341) suggests that among White non-Hispanic respondents, implicit Black identification is the strongest predictor of support for Black reparations. Pooled reaction-time data from three studies involving 1,594 White non-Hispanic respondents suggests that implicit Black identification is based on feelings of closeness, warmth, and empathic concern for African Americans resembling Black group attachment. Significant implicit Black identifiers among White non-Hispanic respondents fall between Black non-Hispanic and other White non-Hispanic respondents in their race-related political opinions. ‘Relational identity theory’ can help economists, political scientists, and psychologists explain how majority domination (e.g. slavery and Jim Crow in the United States) could be overcome despite the democratic principle of majority rule. The theory suggests that Black reparations might become politically feasible one day.
Middle-class attainment in young adulthood: higher education, student debt, and racial wealth inequality
Authors: Addo Fenaba R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For whom is higher education an engine of economic mobility? How should we value post-secondary education in a society with extreme wealth inequality and massive student loan debt? This study examines racial wealth inequality in young adulthood, its relationship with higher education, and what it means to be middle class. Also discussed, is how the racialization of student debt is intimately connected with the racial wealth gap and how policies, such as debt cancellation, may disrupt the association between wealth and higher education going forward and provide an opportunity to address the damages this relationship has created.