bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Featherweight Giant: Unraveling the Atmosphere of a 17 Myr Planet with JWST
Authors: Thao Pa Chia , Mann Andrew W. , Feinstein Adina D. , Gao Peter , Thorngren Daniel , Rotman Yoav , Welbanks Luis , Brown Alexander , Duvvuri Girish M. , France Kevin , Longo Isabella , Sandoval Angeli , Schneider P. Christian , Wilson David J. , Youngblood Allison , Vanderburg Andrew , Barber Madyson G. , Wood Mackenna L. , Batalha Natasha E. , Kraus Adam L. , Murray Catriona Anne , Newton Elisabeth R. , Rizzuto Aaron , Tofflemire Benjamin M. , Tsai Shang-Min , Bean Jacob L. , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Evans-Soma Thomas M. , Froning Cynthia S. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Miguel Yamila , Pineda J. Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The characterization of young planets (<300 Myr) is pivotal for understanding planet formation and evolution. We present the 3–5 μm transmission spectrum of the 17 Myr, Jupiter-size (R ∼10R
⊕) planet, HIP 67522b, observed with JWST NIRSpec/G395H. To check for spot contamination, we obtain a simultaneous g-band transit with the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope. The spectrum exhibits absorption features 30%–50% deeper than the overall depth, far larger than expected from an equivalent mature planet, and suggests that HIP 67522b’s mass is <20 M
⊕ irrespective of cloud cover and stellar contamination. A Bayesian retrieval analysis returns a mass constraint of 13.8 ± 1.0 M
⊕. This challenges the previous classification of HIP 67522b as a hot Jupiter and instead, positions it as a precursor to the more common sub-Neptunes. With a density of <0.10 g cm−3, HIP 67522 b is one of the lowest-density planets known. We find strong absorption from H2O and CO2 (≥7σ), a modest detection of CO (3.5σ), and weak detections of H2S and SO2 (≃2σ). Comparisons with radiative-convective equilibrium models suggest supersolar atmospheric metallicities and solar-to-subsolar C/O ratios, with photochemistry further constraining the inferred atmospheric metallicity to 3 × 10 solar due to the amplitude of the SO2 feature. These results point to the formation of HIP 67522b beyond the water snowline, where its envelope was polluted by icy pebbles and planetesimals. The planet is likely experiencing substantial mass loss (0.01–0.03 M
⊕ Myr−1), sufficient for envelope destruction within a gigayear. This highlights the dramatic evolution occurring within the first 100 Myr of its existence.
Unfolding X-Ray Spectral Data: Conditions and Applications
Authors: Gunderson Sean J. , Huenemoerder David P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present conditions for which X-ray spectra can be “unfolded” to present an accurate representation of the true source spectra. The method we use to unfold the data is implemented in the Interactive Spectral Interpretation Software and distinguishes itself as being model-independent. We find that this method of unfolding makes accurate representations of the true source spectra: (1) The detector is high-resolution, and (2) The spectrum is not steeply sloped. These criteria are not simple conditions that give concrete determinations; each detector and spectrum must be judged individually. We find that both grating and imaging detectors can be unfolded with minimal distortions as compared to both continuum and local spectral features, the latter CCD detectors being much more energy dependent. We also provide example use cases for unfolding in the context of current generation X-ray observatories and important caveats.
Exploring Field-evolution and Dynamical-capture Coalescing Binary Black Holes in GWTC-3
Authors: Li 李 Yin-Jie 银杰 , Tang 唐 Shao-Peng 少鹏 , Gao 高 Shi-Jie 世杰 , Wu 伍 Dao-Cheng 道成 , Wang 王 Yuan-Zhu 远瞩 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate formation channels for merging binary black holes (BBHs) in GWTC-3, with a dedicated semiparametric population model. The model first describes or excludes a high-spin (with magnitudes of ∼0.7) and high-mass (ranging in ∼20–80M
⊙) subpopulation, which was identified by previous works and can be interpreted as hierarchical mergers. We find that the rest of BBH population can be categorized into two subpopulations with different mass and mass-ratio distributions, as indicated by a Bayes factor of

ln
B
=
1.8

. One subpopulation, characterized by nearly aligned spins and consistent with isolated field formation, likely dominates the 10-solar-mass peak in the primary-mass function. The other subpopulation, with isotropic spins and consistent with the dynamical channels, shows a stronger preference for symmetric pairing, and mainly contributes to the 35-solar-mass peak in the primary-mass function. Note that the Bayes factor is not high enough with the currently available data, so that the case of a single population is still acceptable. Additionally, we compare the mass distributions between merging BBHs and black holes (BHs) in high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). We find that the primary mass of the aligned subpopulation is slightly lighter than those of the HMXB BHs, while the isotropic subpopulation is consistent with the HMXB BHs, if the power-law index of its mass function is shifted by 2, as indicated by the dynamical formation channels. However, the spin magnitudes of both subpopulations are significantly smaller than those of the HMXB BHs.
Observational Signatures of AGN Feedback in the Morphology and the Ionization States of Milky Way-like Galaxies
Authors: Qutob Nadia , Emami Razieh , Su Kung-Yi , Smith Randall , Hernquist Lars , Triani Dian P. , Hummels Cameron , Fielding Drummond , Hopkins Philip F. , Somerville Rachel S. , Ballantyne David R. , Vogelsberger Mark , Tremblay Grant , Steiner James F. , Finkbeiner Douglas , Narayan Ramesh , Park Minjung , Grindlay Josh , Natarajan Priyamvada , Hayward Christopher C. , Kereš Dušan , Ponnada Sam B. , Belli Sirio , Davies Rebecca , Maheson Gabriel , Bugiani Letizia , Li Yijia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We make an in-depth analysis of different active galactic nuclei (AGN) jet models’ signatures, inducing quiescence in galaxies with a halo mass of 1012
M
⊙. Three jet models, including cosmic-ray-dominant, hot thermal, and precessing kinetic jets, are studied at two energy flux levels each, compared to a jet-free, stellar feedback-only simulation. Each of our simulations is idealized isolated galaxy simulations with AGN jet powers that are constant in time and generated using GIZMO and with FIRE stellar feedback. We examine the distribution of Mg ii, O vi, and O viii ions, alongside gas temperature and density profiles. Low-energy ions, like Mg ii, concentrate in the interstellar medium (ISM), while higher energy ions, e.g., O viii, prevail at the AGN jet cocoon’s edge. High-energy flux jets display an isotropic ion distribution with lower overall density. High-energy thermal or cosmic-ray jets pressurize at smaller radii, significantly suppressing core density. The cosmic-ray jet provides extra pressure support, extending cool and warm gas distribution. A break in the ion-to-mass ratio slope in O vi and O viii is demonstrated in the ISM-to-circumgalactic medium (CGM) transition (between 10 and 30 kpc), growing smoothly toward the CGM at greater distances.
Comparison of the Chemical Compositions between the Bright and Faint Red Clumps for the Metal-poor and Metal-rich Populations in the Milky Way Bulge
Authors: Hong Seungsoo , Lim Dongwook , Lee Young-Wook 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We examined the double red clump (RC) observed in the Galactic bulge, interpreted as a difference in distance (“X-shaped bulge scenario”) or in chemical composition (“multiple population scenario”). To verify chemical differences between the RC groups, we performed low-resolution spectroscopy for RC and red giant branch (RGB) stars using Gemini-South/GMOS in three fields of the bulge and collected diverse data from the literature. We divided our sample stars not only into bright RC (bRC) and faint RC (fRC) groups, but also into bluer ([Fe/H] < −0.1) and redder ([Fe/H] > −0.1) groups following recent u-band photometric studies. For the metal-poor stars, no statistically significant difference in the CN index was detected between the bright and faint RC groups for all observed fields. However, we found, from crossmatching with high-resolution spectroscopic data, a sign of Na enhancement in the “metal-poor and bright” RC group compared to the “metal-poor and faint” group at (l, b) = (−1°, −8.°5). When the contributions of the RGB stars on the RC regimes are taken into account, the Na abundance difference between genuine RCs would correspond to Δ[Na/Fe] ≃ 0.23 dex, similar to a globular cluster (GC) with multiple populations. In contrast, the metal-rich stars do not show chemical differences between the bright and faint RC groups. This implies that the double RC observed in the metal-poor component of the bulge might be linked to the multiple populations originating from GC-like subsystems, whereas that of the metal-rich component would have been produced by the X-shaped structure. Our results support previous studies suggesting the composite nature of the Milky Way bulge.
Simulations of the Collision between a Debris Stream and an Outer Dusty Torus: A Possible Channel for Forming a Fast-rise and Long-delay Radio Outburst in Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Lei Xiangli , Wu Qingwen , Li Hui , Li Ya-Ping , Lei Wei-Hua , Fan Xiao , Wu Jiancheng , Wang Mengye , Yang Weibo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A geometrically thick dusty torus structure is believed to exist in the nuclear regions of galaxies (especially in active galactic nuclei). The debris stream from a tidal disruption event (TDE) will possibly collide with the dusty torus and produce a transient flare. We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to model the dynamical evolution of the interaction between unbound debris and a dusty torus. During the continuous interaction, shocked material will be spilled out from the interaction region and form an outflow. We calculate the temporal evolution of synchrotron emission by assuming that the shock accelerates a fraction of electrons in the outflow into a nonthermal distribution. We find that radio emission from the debris–torus collision generates a steep-rise and slow-decline radio light curve due to the sharp edge and dense gas of the dusty torus, where the radio outburst is delayed relative to the main optical/X-ray outburst by several years or even several tens of years. We apply our model to a TDE that happened in a narrow-line Seyfert I galaxy (PS16dtm), where both the radio spectrum and the light curve can be roughly reproduced. Future high-sensitivity, wide-field-of-view radio surveys have the opportunity to detect more such radio flares.
Accurately Estimating Redshifts from CSST Slitless Spectroscopic Survey Using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Xingchen , Gong Yan , Zhang Xin , Li Nan , Meng Xian-Min , Chen Xuelei , Wen Run , Han Yunkun , Zou Hu , Zheng Xian Zhong , Yang Xiaohu , Guo Hong , Zhang Pengjie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) has the capability to conduct a slitless spectroscopic survey simultaneously with a photometric survey. The spectroscopic survey will measure slitless spectra, potentially providing more accurate estimations of galaxy properties, particularly redshifts, compared to using broadband photometry. CSST relies on these accurate redshifts to use baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) and other probes to constrain the cosmological parameters. However, due to the low resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of slitless spectra, measurement of redshifts is significantly challenging. In this study, we employ a Bayesian neural network (BNN) to assess the accuracy of redshift estimations from slitless spectra anticipated to be observed by CSST. The simulation of slitless spectra is based on real observational data from the early data release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI-EDR) and the 16th data release of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS-DR16), combined with the 9th data release of the DESI Legacy Survey (DESI LS DR9). The BNN is constructed employing a transfer learning technique, by appending two Bayesian layers after a convolutional neural network, leveraging the features learned from the slitless spectra and corresponding redshifts. Our network can provide redshift estimates along with corresponding uncertainties, achieving an accuracy of σ
NMAD = 0.00063, outlier percentage η = 0.92%, and weighted mean uncertainty

E

¯

=
0.00228

. These results successfully fulfill the requirement of σ
NMAD < 0.005 for BAO and other studies employing CSST slitless spectroscopic surveys.
Revealing the Quiescent Galaxy Population in the Spiderweb Protocluster at z = 2.16 with Deep HST/WFC3 Slitless Spectroscopy
Authors: Naufal Abdurrahman , Koyama Yusei , D’Eugenio Chiara , Dannerbauer Helmut , Shimakawa Rhythm , Pérez-Martínez Jose Manuel , Kodama Tadayuki , Zhang Yuheng , Daikuhara Kazuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 G141 grism slitless spectroscopy observation of the core region of the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.16. We analyzed the spectra of all objects in a

∼
2
×
2

arcmin

2

field of view and identified 40 protocluster members, recovering 19 previously identified Hα emitters in addition to revealing 21 new members. The spectra allowed us to identify 11 galaxies with quiescent spectra. In all, 3 galaxies with quiescent spectra are possibly still star forming according to spectral energy distribution fitting, indicating a possible leftover or dust-obscured star formation. We estimate a quiescent fraction of ∼50% for M
⋆ > 1011
M
⊙. About half of the quiescent galaxies possibly host an active galactic nucleus (AGN), hinting at AGN’s key role in quenching galaxies in the protocluster environment. These quiescent galaxies have relatively more compact and concentrated light profiles than the star-forming members, but they are not yet as bulge dominated as local ellipticals. These results are consistent with previous studies that indicate the Spiderweb protocluster is in the maturing stage, with a red sequence that has begun forming.
Les espaces de l’électorat écologiste
Authors: Combettes Clément 
Published: December 2024

Les différentes approches visant à saisir la géographie du vote écologiste Français soulignent généralement son aspect urbain. En effet, la composition sociale des grandes métropoles et la sociologie des votants écologistes semblent entretenir des liens étroits : haut degré de capital culturel, jeunesse, importance des travailleurs du secteur public, etc. Pourtant, les analyses contemporaines du comportement électoral insistent sur l’importance de configurations sociales localisées, formant ainsi des dispositifs informels de mobilisation, permettant notamment la diffusion de discours localement légitimes. Ces notions permettent de saisir le vote au-delà du seul déterminisme des « variables lourdes ». L’article présenté ici vise à identifier différents types de configurations socio-spatiales favorables aux écologistes par l’étude des trois dernières élections européennes et grâce à une méthodologie quantitative. Pour ce faire, nous tenterons d’identifier des espaces où les résultats écologistes sont remarquables, puis de saisir les configurations socio-spatiales de ces espaces afin de comprendre quelle influence ces configurations a-t-elle pu avoir sur le vote écologiste.
Her influence: The constructive roles of women in the lives of Moses and Boaz
Authors: Diko Mlamli 
Published: December 2024

This article critiques the constructive roles of women in the lives of Moses and Boaz applying feminist biblical criticism as a theory. By critiquing the significant yet often downplayed contributions of women such as Jochebed, Miriam, Ruth and Naomi, the aim is to provide a more inclusive and multifaceted understanding of their roles in different biblical texts. In the process, feminist biblical criticism, as a theory, unmasks the pervasive influence of sexism in both the biblical texts and their interpretive traditions, contesting traditional readings that subjugate women’s voices and agency. Ultimately, this article makes two notable findings. Firstly, the central role of Jochebed and Miriam in ensuring Moses’ survival and rise to leadership underscores how their actions were fundamental to the unfolding of Israel’s history. Secondly, the proactive agency of Ruth and Naomi demonstrated through their strategic decisions and mutual support, facilitated social and familial redemption and thereby transformed Boaz’s life and legacy. These notable findings underline the indispensable contributions of women in the two biblical figures and call for a (re)consideration of their roles in biblical history and contemporary contexts. Inevitably, I conclude that by reclaiming the voices and experiences of women, this article advocates for a more unprejudiced (re)interpretation of sacred canon, promoting gender justice and inclusivity in contemporary religious and cultural practices.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Examining the constructive roles of women challenges male-orientated interpretations in theology and intersects with literary, historical, sociological, gender and cultural discourses, advancing inclusive and non-partisan understandings of biblical texts.
Data-based regression models for predicting remifentanil pharmacokinetics
Authors: Shenoy Prathvi , Rao Mahadev , Chokkadi Shreesha , Bhatnagar Sushma , Salins Naveen 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Remifentanil is a powerful synthetic opioid drug with a short initiation and period of action, making it an ultra-short-acting opioid. It is delivered as an intravenous infusion during surgical procedures for pain management. However, deciding on a suitable dosage depends on various aspects specific to each individual.

Methods:
Conventional pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models mainly rely on manually choosing the parameters. Target-controlled drug delivery systems need precise predictions of the drug’s analgesic effects. This work investigates various supervised machine learning (ML) methods to analyse the pharmacokinetic characteristics of remifentanil, imitating the measured data. From the Kaggle database, features such as age, gender, infusion rate, body surface area, and lean body mass are extracted to determine the drug concentration at a specific instant of time.

Results:
The characteristics show that the prediction algorithms perform better over traditional PK-PD models with greater accuracy and minimum mean squared error (MSE). By optimising the hyperparameters with Bayesian methods, the performance of these models is significantly improved, attaining the minimum MSE value.

Conclusion:
Applying ML algorithms in drug delivery can significantly reduce resource costs and the time and effort essential for laboratory experiments in the pharmaceutical industry.
Efficacy of local anaesthetic peri-femoral artery injection compared to subcutaneous infiltration in combination with femoral and sciatic nerve blocks for reducing thigh tourniquet-induced hypertension during lower-limb surgery under general anaesthesia: A randomised controlled double-blinded trial
Authors: Tangkittithaworn Chonruethai , Kampitak Wirinaree , Benjamungkalarak Tanawat , Apinun Jirun 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Tourniquet-induced hypertension (TH) remains an unresolved issue. Various techniques, such as peripheral nerve blocks, peri-femoral artery blocks, and subcutaneous infiltration, have been explored to address this. The primary objective was to compare the incidence of TH during lower-limb surgery under general anaesthesia between peri-femoral artery block and subcutaneous infiltration, combined with femoral and sciatic nerve blocks. Secondary objectives included intraoperative intravenous fentanyl and antihypertensive uses, as well as postoperative pain scores.

Methods:
This single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial involved 58 patients scheduled for elective lower-limb surgery. Participants were assigned to the peri-femoral artery block (P-FAB) or subcutaneous infiltration (SI) groups. All patients received general anaesthesia alongside femoral and sciatic nerve blocks. TH was defined as a 30% increase in systolic blood pressure from baseline. Pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale in the post-anaesthetic care unit and at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-surgery. Unpaired t-test, Chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
There were no significant differences in the incidence of TH between the P-FAB and SI groups (P = 1.00). Similarly, no significant differences were observed in intraoperative fentanyl (P = 0.459) or antihypertensive use (P = 0.992). Pain scores across all measured aspects, including thigh and incision sites, were also not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
In lower-limb surgery, adding a peri-femoral artery block to general anaesthesia with femoral and sciatic nerve blocks did not reduce the incidence of TH compared to subcutaneous infiltration.
In vitro evaluation of anti-microbial efficacy of Trigonella foenum-graecum and its constituents on oral biofilms
Authors: Sethi Geetanshu , Sood Shaveta , Bhardwaj Sonia Bhonchal , Jain Ashish 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:

Background and Objective:
The extracts obtained from the leaves and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) are effective against various microbial infections. The phytoconstituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum have shown promising effects as anti-diabetics, anti-helmentic, anti-microbial, antifungal, and antipyretic, but its impact on oral pathogens is yet to be established. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of phytoconstituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum as compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX).

Materials and Methods:
The methanolic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum i.e., fenugreek absolute (FA), diosgenin (DIO), and furanone (FU) were used in this study. The antimicrobial efficacy of these extracts was evaluated by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), agar well-diffusion assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) count, and also by using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853.

Results:
The results of the study demonstrated that Trigonella foenum-graecum has anti-microbial activity comparable to 0.2% CHX. Well-diffusion assay and CFU count assay of the extracts showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) results. MIC and MBC values were observed for FA, DIO, and FU compared to CHX against these selected test organisms. These results were confirmed by visual validation with CLSM.

Conclusion:
The use of herbal alternatives in periodontics might prove to be advantageous. Trigonella foenum-graecum can be used as a promising alternative to CHX against S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa for the management of oral and periodontal infections.