bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial activity of three essential oils (cinnamon, manuka, and winter savory), and their synergic interaction, against Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Fratini Filippo , Mancini Simone , Turchi Barbara , Sparagni Daniele , Al‐Gwad Alaa Abd , Najar Basma , Pistelli Luisa , Cerri Domenico , Pedonese Francesca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are categorized as having antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antioxidant activities. For their antibacterial activity, EOs are widely studied as alternatives to antibiotics in human and veterinary medicines. The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of three EOs (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Leptospermum scoparium, and Satureja montana) were determined against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. The chemical compositions of the EOs were determined through gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Essential oils were tested alone or in binary and ternary combinations for both their inhibitory and their bactericidal activities. Binary and ternary mixtures were tested through a chequerboard assay, and thus fractional inhibitory and fractional bactericidal concentration indices were obtained in relation to the activity of each EO alone. The chemical composition of each EO had different percentages of the main classes of compounds. EOs showed high levels of monoterpenes (hydrocarbons and oxygenated), sesquiterpenes (hydrocarbons and oxygenated), and phenylpropanoids for winter savory, manuka, and cinnamon, respectively. Several synergistic activities against Listeria monocytogenes were demonstrated in binary and ternary mixtures of the EOs. Mixtures of the EOs tested showed potential for use as antibacterial products; moreover, because of the synergistic activities the mixtures could be used in lower quantities than individual EOs on their own.
Intercomparison of soil pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis and interpretation of hillslope runoff sources
Authors: Orlowski Natalie , Pratt Dyan L. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntercomparison of soil pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis has been a focus of recent studies in relation to plant source waters, which found a wide isotopic variance depending on the extraction method. Few studies have yet explored extraction effects for mobile pore waters that relate to hillslope runoff. This is because it is extremely difficult in natural systems to control the boundary conditions in order to assess and compare impacts of pore water extraction on resulting hillslope flow. With our new semicontrolled experiments on outdoor mini‐hillslopes, we studied mixing and runoff processes by means of stable isotopes of water and quantified relations between pore water extraction methods. We tested the null hypothesis that nondestructive and destructive pore water sampling methods sample the same soil water pool. Three hillslopes were mounted on load cells, filled with loamy sand textured soils from the Landscape Evolution Observatoryat Biosphere 2, equipped with soil moisture and temperature sensors, a bottom outflow, and a surface runoff gauge for isotope sampling. We followed the precipitation isotopic composition over and through the soil profile. One hillslope was instrumented with suction cups, on the second we installed sampling ports for in‐situ soil water vapour measurements, and the third hillslope was sampled destructively for applying the centrifugation and vapour equilibrium methods. All hillslopes were sampled at four depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm) at three different downslope positions.2H and18O analyses were performed via laser spectroscopy. We found no isotopic differences between rainfall, surface runoff, and bottom outflow. The in situ vapour ports' soil isotope data showed the widest spread over all hillslope positions and depths. Centrifugation's and suction cups' isotope results plotted closest to the local meteoric water line and within the range of hillslope runoff and bottom outflow data. Hillslope position did not influence the soil isotope results. These results suggest caution be used in the field when selecting an extraction technique for matching soil waters to runoff waters. Soil suction lysimeters and centrifugation appeared to be the most appropriate tools in this regard.
STYLE ROTATION IN THE ASTERACEAE
Authors: Robinson Harold 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe style of the Asteraceae varies in the direction of its branching. In examples studied in the subfamily Asteroideae the disk flowers or flowers of homogamous heads have style branches diverging radially to the center of the head. In that subfamily, the style branches in the ray flowers are usually tangentially directed in the Heliantheae, Inuleae and Senecioneae, and are radially directed in the Astereae and Anthemideae. In examples studied in the subfamily Cichorioideae, the Lactuceae and Vernonieae have tangential style branches in all flowers, Carduus of the Cardueae has styles all radial, they vary in the Liabeae, and they have a Helianthean pattern in Haplocarpha of the Arctoteae. It seems significant that tribes with basically different style orientations in the ray and disk flowers of the same head are usually tribes where many members have sterile gynoecia in either the rays or the disk.
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS FROM MEASUREMENT DATA
Authors: Almeida M. T. , Bisby F. A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA simple method is described for defining multi‐state taxonomic characters from measurement data. Bar diagrams are used to observe the pattern of variation of the measurements both within and between the units to be classified. The method gives definitions which are superior to arbitrary subdivisions of the range both in revealing taxonomic correlations and in reducing the effects of sampling error.
EXCLUSIONS FROM SAMYDA JACQ. (FLACOURTIACEAE)
Authors: Kiger Robert W. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySupplementing a forthcoming revision of Samyda Jacq., this article accounts for 56 names that are excluded from the genus as now circumscribed. Entries include typifications and taxonomic dispositions, where possible, as well as pertinent synonymy and discussion. Other generic names involved are: (in Flacourtiaceae) Anavinga, Athanaea, Bigelowia, Casearia, Casinga, Clasta, Guidonia, Iroucana, Laetia, Melistaurum, Pitumba, Valentinia and Zuelania; (in Meliaceae) Guarea, Melia and Trichilia; (in Nyctaginaceae) Calpidia and Pisonia.
THE CORRECT NAME FOR THE SHADDOCK, CITRUS MAXIMA, NOT C. GRANDIS (RUTACEAE)
Authors: Scora Rainer W. , Nicolson Dan H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryCitrus maxima and C. grandis are both currently used for the shaddock or pummelo. Although C. grandis (L.) Osbeck is more frequently used, C. maxima (J. Burman) Merrill is correct under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
TYPIFICATION OF SOME ORTHOTRICHACEOUS NAMES PUBLISHED BY G. VENTURI (ORTHOTRICHACEAE: BRYOPSIDA)
Authors: Vitt Dale H. , Nimis Pier‐Luigi 
Published: June 2019

SummaryGustavo Venturi (1830‐1898) wrote 20 articles on the taxonomy of the moss genus Orthotrichum. In these papers, as well as in contributions of new taxa to papers by prominent bryologists of his era, he described 19 species, 3 subspecies, and 48 varieties. Included in these new taxa, were plants from Australasia, North America, the Himalayas, the Caucasus, and Europe. His herbarium at Trento (TR) has not been available for study since his death. This paper presents typification of the names of the most important of Venturi's taxa, including 18 species, one subspecies and seven varieties.
LECTOTYPIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF CLEMATIS ORIENTALIS L. (RANUNCULACEAE)
Authors: Brandenburg W. A. , van der Neut A. , Jarvis C. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA lectotype for Clematis orientalis L. has been designated: “Flammula scandens, apii folio glauco”. Dill. Elth. 144, t. 119, f. 145 (1732). The typotype has been based on specimen 2868 of the Dillenian Herbarium of the Hortus Elthamensis (OXF).We consider the sources of the Euphrates and the surroundings of Erzurum (Turkey) as the type locality of this species. A description, based on specimens collected from natural sites, is presented.
TYPIFICATION OF SEVEN LINNAEAN NAMES IN THE GENUS LACTUCA L. (COMPOSITAE: LACTUCEAE)
Authors: de Vries I. M. , Jarvis C. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe status and typification of five species names and two varieties described by Linnaeus in Lactuca, are discussed. Six new lectotypes are designated; one by material at LINN, one by a van Royen specimen in L, three in the Burser Herbarium (UPS), and one plate of Bauhin (L. scariola). An existing typification for Lactuca serriola is discussed.
Disposal of Phytelephas macrocarpa and P. microcarpa (Arecaceae)
Authors: Barfod Anders S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBarfod, A. S.: Disposal of Phytelephas macrocarpa and P. microcarpa (Arecaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 103–11. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Phytelephas macrocarpa and P. microcarpa (Arecaceae), described by Ruiz & Pavón from Peru, are lectotypified and their identities discussed. Ruiz's and Pavón's itineraries in the foothills of the Peruvian Andes and adjacent lowlands are reconstructed on modern maps. Some localities mentioned in Ruiz & Pavón's “Systema” are discussed.
Index hepaticarum supplementum: 1984–1985
Authors: Engel John J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryEngel, J. J.: Index hepaticarum supplementum: 1984–1985. ‐ Taxon 41: 253–306. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.In this Supplement, there are 313 new taxa, 423 new combinations (including changes in rank), and 23 new names.
E. J. H. Corner's mycological material transferred to E
Authors: Watling Roy 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWatling, R.: E. J. H. Corner's mycological material transferred to E. – Taxon 46: 366. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Prof E. J. H. Corner's mycological material has been transferred to the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K.
Herbarium of M. P. Graells (1809‐1898) discovered in the Real Colegio Alfonso XII of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain
Authors: Carrasco María Andrea , García Alfonso , Perea Domingo , Martín‐Blanco Carlos José 
Published: June 2019

SummaryCarrasco, M. A., García, A., Perea, D. & Martín‐Blanco, C. J.: Herbarium of M. P. Graells (1809‐1898) discovered in the Real Colegio Alfonso XII of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain. – Taxon 46: 367‐370. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The discovery of the herbarium of Mariano de la Paz Graells in San Lorenzo de El Escorial is reported. This herbarium, of C. 17,000 specimens, was donated to the Gabinete of natural sciences of the Real Colegio Alfonso XII by Graells at the end of the 19th century. Its principal contents, by collectors [or donors] of the plants, are summarized.
The 18th Century herbaria of Gaetano Monti's students in Bologna and Cracow
Authors: Mossetti Umberto , Zemanek Alicja 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMossetti, U. & Zemanek, A.: The 18th Century herbaria of Gaetano Monti's students in Bologna and Cracow. – Taxon 46: 815‐816. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Information is presented on the 18th Century teaching herbaria that were gathered about 1770 by students under the guidance of Gaetano Monti, professor at Bologna University, and are preserved in Bologna (BOLO) and Cracow (KRA).
Conditional Activation of NF-κB Inducing Kinase (NIK) in the Osteolineage Enhances Both Basal and Loading-Induced Bone Formation
Authors: Davis Jennifer L , Cox Linda , Shao Christine , Lyu Cheng , Liu Shaopeng , Aurora Rajeev , Veis Deborah J 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Studies from global loss-of-function mutants suggest that alternative NF-κB downstream of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is a cell-intrinsic negative regulator of osteogenesis. However, the interpretation of the osteoblast and/or osteocyte contribution to the bone phenotype is complicated by simultaneous osteoclast defects in these models. Therefore, we turned to a transgenic mouse model to investigate the direct role of NIK in the osteolineage. Osx-Cre;NT3 animals (NT3-Cre +), which bear a constitutively active NIK allele (NT3) driven by Osx-Cre, were compared with their Cre-negative, Control (Ctrl) littermates. NT3-Cre + mice had elevated serum P1NP and CTX levels. Despite this high turnover state, µCT showed that constitutive activation of NIK resulted in a net increase in basal bone mass in both cortical and cancellous compartments. Furthermore, NT3-Cre + mice exhibited a greater anabolic response following mechanical loading compared with controls. We next performed RNA-Seq on nonloaded and loaded tibias to elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the increased bone anabolism seen in NT3-Cre + mice. Hierarchical clustering revealed two main transcriptional programs: one loading-responsive and the other NT3 transgene-driven. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated a distinct upregulation of receptor, kinase, and growth factor activities including Wnts, as well as a calcium-response signature in NT3-Cre + limbs. The promoters of these GO-term associated genes, including many known to be bone-anabolic, were highly enriched for multiple κB recognition elements (κB-RE) relative to the background frequency in the genome. The loading response in NT3-Cre + mice substantially overlapped (&gt;90%) with Ctrl. Surprisingly, control animals had 10-fold more DEGs in response to loading. However, most top DEGs shared between genotypes had a high incidence of multiple κB-RE in their promoters. Therefore, both transcriptional programs (loading-responsive and NT3 transgene-driven) are modulated by NF-κB. Our studies uncover a previously unrecognized role for NF-κB in the promotion of both basal and mechanically stimulated bone formation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bif‐1/Endophilin B1/SH3GLB1 regulates bone homeostasis
Authors: Touyama Kenya , Khan Masud , Aoki Kazuhiro , Matsuda Miho , Hiura Fumitaka , Takakura Nana , Matsubara Takuma , Harada Yui , Hirohashi Yuna , Tamura Yukihiko , Gao Jing , Mori Kayo , Kokabu Shoichiro , Yasuda Hisataka , Fujita Yuko , Watanabe Koji , Takahashi Yoshinori , Maki Kenshi , Jimi Eijiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSkeletal tissue homeostasis is maintained via the balance of osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Autophagy and apoptosis are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and normal development in cells and tissues. We found that Bax‐interacting factor 1 (Bif‐1/Endophillin B1/SH3GLB1), involving in autophagy and apoptosis, was upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, mature osteoclasts expressed Bif‐1 in the cytosol, particularly the perinuclear regions and podosome, suggesting that Bif‐1 regulates osteoclastic bone resorption. Bif‐1‐deficient (Bif‐1
−/−) mice showed increased trabecular bone volume and trabecular number. Histological analyses indicated that the osteoclast numbers increased in Bif‐1
−/− mice. Consistent with the in vivo results, osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL) was accelerated in Bif‐1
−/− mice without affecting RANKL‐induced activation of RANK downstream signals, such as NF‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), CD115/RANK expression in osteoclast precursors, osteoclastic bone‐resorbing activity and the survival rate. Unexpectedly, both the bone formation rate and osteoblast surface substantially increased in Bif‐1
−/− mice. Treatment with β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP) and ascorbic acid (A.A) enhanced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in Bif‐1
−/− mice. Finally, bone marrow cells from Bif‐1
−/− mice showed a significantly higher colony‐forming efficacy by the treatment with or without β‐GP and A.A than cells from wild‐type (WT) mice, suggesting that cells from Bif‐1
−/− mice had higher clonogenicity and self‐renewal activity than those from WT mice. In summary, Bif‐1 might regulate bone homeostasis by controlling the differentiation and function of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts (235 words).
Highly efficient yellow‐emitting iridium(III) complexes based on fluorinated 2‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐2H‐indazole ligands: Syntheses, structures, properties, and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Han , Zuo Zi‐Cen , Tao Zi‐Wen , Yuan Ding , Chen Yan , Chen Qin , Liu Kai , Chen Guang‐Ying , Mo Zheng‐Rong , Li Gao‐Nan , Niu Zhi‐Gang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo new iridium (III) complexes (Ir1‐Ir2) bearing different fluorinated 2‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐2H‐indazole‐based compounds as cyclometalated ligands and Xantphos as an ancillary ligand were synthesized and fully characterized. The ultraviolet (UV)–vis absorption, photoluminescence, and electrochemistry properties were studied. The single crystal structures of Ir1‐Ir2 were determined by X‐ray diffraction, showing each adopts the distorted octahedral coordination geometry. To gain insights into the lowest energy electron transitions and the lowest triplet excited states, density functional theory calculations were used to further investigate the origination. Two complexes emit yellow photoluminescence with quantum yields of 49.7–72.5% in solution at room temperature. Their Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage color coordinates are (0.42, 0.53) and (0.39, 0.47), respectively.
In silico genome‐wide identification of m6A‐associated SNPs as potential functional variants for periodontitis
Authors: Lin Weimin , Xu Hao , Wu Yunshu , Wang Jun , Yuan Quan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGenetic variation is considered to affect the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA transcript modification, which is the most prevalent posttranscriptional messenger RNA modification. This study aimed to identify m6A‐associated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (m6A‐SNPs) that may affect m6A methylation from numerous periodontitis (PD) SNPs. We identified an abundance of m6A‐SNPs by analyzing raw data of published PD genome‐wide association studies and m6A‐SNPs list from the m6AVar database. Other evidence was found in public databases for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and differential gene expression analysis. Accordingly, 1938 m6A‐SNPs were identified, 104 of which appeared to be associated with PD (p < .05) while 65 showed eQTL signals. Lastly, the leading SNP rs2723183 (p = 3.93E−07) was predicted to regulate local gene IL‐37 expression in PD (p = 2.64E−05; in GSE10334) and change regulatory motif RXRA. In summary, dozens of PD‐associated m6A‐SNPs were identified and their possible functions were demonstrated in this study.
The influence of plane of section on the identification of bone tissue types in amniotes with implications for paleophysiological inferences
Authors: Faure‐Brac Mathieu G. , Pelissier François , Cubo Jorge 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe proportion of woven bone (WB) to parallel‐fibered bone has been extensively used to infer bone growth rates and resting metabolic rates of extinct organisms. The aim of this study is to test in a variety of amniotes how reliably WB content can be measured using transverse sections. For this, we analyzed femoral transverse mid‐diaphyseal thin sections of 14 extant and extinct taxa and the corresponding longitudinal sections for comparative purposes. We used the following characters to identify WB in transverse sections because they are known to be distinct from those observed in parallel‐fibered bone: an isotropic bone matrix at tissue scale; an anisotropic microlamellar arrangement in former osteoblast secretory territories at cellular scale; no alignment between osteocytes; and canaliculi running radially from large irregular osteocyte lacunae. Our null hypothesis predicts no differences between the amount of WB quantified in the transverse and longitudinal sections of a given long bone. Qualitatively, when a stripe or a patch of WB was identified in a transverse section, the corresponding stripe or patch of WB was always found at the same location in the corresponding longitudinal section. Quantitatively, a Wilcoxon signed‐rank nonparametric paired test did not detect a significant difference in the WB content of the two section planes. Thus, the null hypothesis is not rejected. Considering that paleohistology is a destructive method, we recommend a workflow to efficiently establishing the proportion of WB: quantifying it in transverse sections; preparing and analyzing longitudinal sections only in cases where an ambiguity remains; reanalyzing the corresponding transverse sections.
Study of serum VEGF levels in patients with severe dengue infection admitted in a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata
Authors: Patra Goutam , Saha Bibhuti , Mukhopadhyay Sumi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDengue is the most common arboviral infection globally, but its pathogenesis is poorly explored. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an essential role in the host defense against viral infection. However, not much information is available regarding its status in dengue patients from the eastern zone of India. In the present investigation, the level of VEGF was investigated for its possible utility as a dengue severity marker. Accordingly, confirmed dengue cases were enrolled during 2016‐2018. Serum from all the study subjects was subjected to the standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test for VEGF analysis. In addition, we assessed the association of VEGF to dengue severity. The study revealed that VEGF titers (P < .0001) were significantly increased in severe dengue (SD) patients in contrast to those with a milder form of dengue. An association was obtained between VEGF and increased SGOT (r = 0.517 with P < .0001) while VEGF had a negative correlation with platelets in SD patients (r = −0.331 with P = .001). Enhanced VEGF titers along with decreased platelets had a good association with SD. The investigation revealed that high VEGF titers are novel indicators of dengue severity. However, our results must be verified in a study evaluating a larger number of dengue patients.
Accurate discrimination of Gastrodia elata from different geographical origins using high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis
Authors: Sun Shanshan , Li Yancheng , Zhu Lijun , Ma Haiyan , Li Lupan , Liu Yufeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGastrodia elata from different geographical origins varies in quality and pharmacological activity. This study focused on the classification and identification of Gastrodia elata from six producing areas using high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis. Before recognition analysis, a principal component analysis was applied to ascertain the discrimination possibility with high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprints. And then, boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis and conventional partial least‐squares discriminant analysis were applied in this study. Experimental results indicated that the adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least‐squares algorithm could eliminate the baseline drift of high‐performance liquid chromatography chromatograms effectively. And compared with partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, the total recognition rates using high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis for the calibration sets and prediction sets were improved from 94 to 100% and 86 to 97%, respectively. In conclusion, high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with boosting partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, which has such advantages as effective, specific, accurate, non‐polluting, has an edge for discrimination of traditional Chinese medicine from different geographical origins. And the proposed methodology is a useful tool to classify and identify Gastrodia elata from different geographical origins.