bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mucine 4 and Fucosyltransferase 1 genetic variants on gut homoeostasis of growing healthy pigs
Authors: Luise Diana , Motta Vincenzo , Bertocchi Micol , Salvarani Chiara , Clavenzani Paolo , Fanelli Flaminia , Pagotto Uberto , Bosi Paolo , Trevisi Paolo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPutative genetic markers have been associated with ETEC F4 (Mucine 4 [MUC4]; MUC4GG;CG as susceptible; MUC4CC as resistant) and F18 (Fucosyltransferase 1 [FUT1]; FUT1GG;AG as susceptible; FUT1AA as resistant) resistances respectively. In this study, 71 post‐weaning pigs were followed from d0 (35 days old) to d42 (77 days of age) to investigate the effect of MUC4 or FUT1 genotypes on the mid‐jejunal microbiota composition, pigs expression of genes related to inflammation (IL8, GPX2, REG3G, TFF3, CCL20 and LBPI) and glycomic binding pattern profile (Ulex europaeus agglutinin I [UEA] fucose‐binding lectin and peanut agglutinin [PNA] galactose‐specific), and on blood plasma targeted metabolomics profile, faecal score and performance parameters of growing healthy pigs. The MUC4 and FUT1 resistant genotypes improved the pigs’ growth performance and had firmed faecal score susceptible genotypes in d0–d21 period. Pigs with MUC4GG genotype had a higher jejunal expression of genes relate to immune function (CCL20 and REG3G) than MUC4CG and MUC4CC pigs (p < 0.05). MUC4CG pigs had higher expression of TFF3 (implicated in mucosal integrity) than MUC4GG and MUC4CC (p < 0.05). FUT1 influenced the alpha‐ and beta‐jejunal microbial indices. The FUT1AA group had a higher number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Lactobacillus genus, while FUT1GG group had a higher number of OTUs belonging to Veillonella genus. MUC4CC pigs had lower scores for UEA on brush borders and goblet cells in villi than MUC4GG (p < 0.05). FUT1AA pigs had lower UEA positivity and higher PNA positivity on brush borders and goblet cells than FUT1AG and FUT1GG (p < 0.05). Both FUT1 and MUC4 influenced the metabolic profile of healthy pigs. Results highlight the role of MUC4 and FUT1 on pig intestinal homoeostasis and improved the knowledge regarding the potential interaction between host genetics, gut microbiota composition and host metabolism in a healthy status.
Piglet performance and physiological effects linked to reduced glucosinolate transformations in feed products based on rapeseed pressed cakes
Authors: Frandsen Heidi Blok , Jensen Søren Krogh , Maribo Hanne , Markedal Keld Ejdrup , Schmidt Flemming , Sørensen Hilmer , Sørensen Susanne , Sørensen Jens Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe nutritional quality of rapeseed press cakes (RPCs) in piglet feed is closely linked to its digestibility and the content of glucosinolates. This study investigates the significance of intact glucosinolate (glc) levels and degree of glc transformations on piglets performance. Four different RPCs were made from a low glc (11 µmol/g seed DM) containing B. napus L. seed variety Lioness (RPC‐LW, RPC‐LXW, RPC‐LC, RPC‐LCD). RPC made from the variety Excalibur containing the upper level of glc (24 µmol/g seed DM) of double rapeseed and produced at higher and prolonged temperature (RPC‐UXW) served as negative control, while soya bean protein concentrate served as positive control. Piglets (8 kg) were fed ad libitum diets balanced for RPC protein content, with RPC inclusion of 84–98 g/kg (day 0–14) and 151–178 g/kg (day 15–50). Glc transformation was reduced from 42% to 24% (7.3–4.2 µmol/g RPC) when the temperature input was lowered in the warm pressing of oil, while the glc loss was less pronounced (17%) when cold pressing was applied. The following feed pelleting process further reduced Glc concentration from 11% to 40% in warm‐pressed RPCs and 54 to 85% in cold‐pressed RPCs. The RPC products replaced soya bean protein without any negative effects on performance, except for piglets served cold‐pressed RPC, which had a reduction in average daily weight gain (ADG) (5%–7%, p < 0.05, Day 15–50). RPC in the feed led to increased liver weight in all piglets (p = 0.026). This may point at long‐term effects from feeding with RPC. Intestinal absorption of intact glcs was proven by their detection in urine. In conclusion, warm‐pressed RPC can be used as feed for piglet, while the presence of active myrosinase may have a negative effect on performance and cakes should either be included in lower amounts than used in the present study (18%) or include myrosinase inactivation before use.
Uptake kinetics and storage capacity of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and corresponding dissolved inorganic nitrate uptake in Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Lubsch Alexander , Timmermans Klaas R. 
Published: February 2019

Uptake rates of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved inorganic nitrogen under unsaturated and saturated conditions were studied in young sporophytes of the seaweeds Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) using a “pulse‐and‐chase” assay under fully controlled laboratory conditions. In a subsequent second “pulse‐and‐chase” assay, internal storage capacity (ISC) was calculated based on VM and the parameter for photosynthetic efficiency Fv/Fm. Sporophytes of S. latissima showed a VS of 0.80 ± 0.03 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 and a VM of 0.30 ± 0.09 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 for dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), whereas VS for DIN was 11.26 ± 0.56 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 and VM was 3.94 ± 0.67 μmol · cm−2 · d−1. In L. digitata, uptake kinetics for DIP and DIN were substantially lower: VS for DIP did not exceed 0.38 ± 0.03 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 while VM for DIP was 0.22 ± 0.01 μmol · cm−2 · d−1. VS for DIN was 3.92 ± 0.08 μmol · cm−2 · d−1 and the VM for DIN was 1.81 ± 0.38 μmol · cm−2 · d−1. Accordingly, S. latissima exhibited a larger ISC for DIP (27 μmol · cm−2) than L. digitata (10 μmol · cm−2), and was able to maintain high growth rates for a longer period under limiting DIP conditions. Our standardized data add to the physiological understanding of S. latissima and L. digitata, thus helping to identify potential locations for their cultivation. This could further contribute to the development and modification of applications in a bio‐based economy, for example, in evaluating the potential for bioremediation in integrated multitrophic aquacultures that produce biomass simultaneously for use in the food, feed, and energy industries.
Absence From Work, Sick Pay and Positional Consumption Concerns
Authors: Goerke Laszlo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe analyse labour supply and absence from work choices, assuming that individual preferences exhibit relative consumption concerns. We show that contractual hours and the length of absence periods may vary equally with the strength of positional considerations. In this case, positional concerns do not affect their difference, i.e. overall or effective working time. Moreover, the nature and intensity of relative consumption effects influence the impact of sick pay and of true illness periods on contractual work hours and absence behaviour. Consequently, the profitability of employing individuals also varies with the strength of their positional concerns.
Association between antibiotic treatment during pregnancy and infancy and the development of allergic diseases
Authors: Metzler Stefanie , Frei Remo , Schmaußer‐Hechfellner Elisabeth , von Mutius Erika , Pekkanen Juha , Karvonen Anne M. , Kirjavainen Pirkka V. , Dalphin Jean‐Charles , Divaret‐Chauveau Amandine , Riedler Josef , Lauener Roger , Roduit Caroline ,   on behalf of the PASTURE/EFRAIM study group
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergies are a serious public health issue, and prevalences are rising worldwide. The role of antibiotics in the development of allergies has repeatedly been discussed, as results remain inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between pre‐ and post‐natal antibiotic exposure and subsequent development of allergies (atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, atopic sensitization and allergic rhinitis).MethodsA total of 1080 children who participated in a European birth cohort study (PASTURE) were included in this analysis. Data on antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and/or first year of life and allergic diseases were collected by questionnaires from pregnancy up to 6 years of age and analysed by performing logistic regressions. To take into account reverse causation, we included models, where children with diagnosis or symptoms of the respective disease in the first year of life were excluded.ResultsAntibiotic exposure in utero was significantly and positively associated with atopic dermatitis and food allergy. The strongest effect was on diseases with onset within the first year of life (for atopic dermatitis: aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.11‐2.48 and for food allergy: aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.22‐7.47). Antibiotics in the first year of life were positively associated with atopic dermatitis up to 4 years (aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.66‐4.49) and also suggested a dose‐response relationship. A tendency was observed with asthma between 3 and 6 years (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 0.95‐2.86).ConclusionsOur findings show positive associations between exposure to antibiotics and allergies, mainly atopic dermatitis and food allergy within the first year of life, after prenatal exposure, and atopic dermatitis and asthma after post‐natal exposure to antibiotics in children born in rural settings.
‘You should always look at the washing machine without actually being in it!’ Thematic framework analysis of patients’ understanding of transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy and its mechanisms
Authors: Sighvatsson Magnus Blondahl , Salkovskis Paul M. , Sigurdsson Engilbert , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Thorsdottir Fanney , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTransdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy (TCBT) is an efficacious treatment for anxiety and depression, but its mechanisms of change remain poorly understood. The current study used thematic framework analysis to analyse how patients, recruited in a recent trial on transdiagnostic group CBT (TGCBT), understood the treatment and its mechanisms.DesignCross‐sectional thematic framework analysis.MethodThe sample included 24 participants suffering from anxiety and/or depression, divided into two groups by treatment efficacy (i.e., group doing well and group doing not so well) in order to evaluate whether different understandings of the treatment affected its efficacy. The participants were interviewed and completed self‐report measures. They were encouraged to discuss what they believed to be helpful and unhelpful in the TGCBT and what they believed to be the mechanisms of change in the treatment. Each interview was recorded, transcribed verbatim and themes were identified.ResultsThe analysis revealed four overarching themes and 18 subthemes. The overarching themes were as follows: Cognitive and behavioural flexibility, Awareness/understanding of symptoms and triggers, Therapeutic alliance and engagement, and finally Attitudes towards treatment. Four of the 18 subthemes corresponded to a differentiation between the groups: Cognitive flexibility and Comparison with others in the group on the one hand and Cognitive inflexibility and Negative attitudes towards treatment on the other.ConclusionThe most important difference between the groups appeared to be CBT‐specific, that is, cognitive flexibility that characterized the group doing well where thematic analysis did not indicate that other themes were important.Practitioner points
Findings

The analysis revealed four overarching themes and 18 subthemes, four of which corresponded to the difference between the two groups of participants based on treatment efficacy.

The four differentiating subthemes were cognitive flexibility and comparison with others, which characterized the group doing well, and cognitive inflexibility and negative attitude towards treatment, which characterized the group doing less well.

The theme evaluated as the most important for the efficacy of the transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy and patients’ understanding of the treatment was cognitive flexibility, which characterized the group doing well.

Limitations

Use of qualitative methodology restricts the generalizability of our results.

Data are built on answers from only 24 participants.
Altered upright face recognition and presence of face inversion effect in temporal lobe epilepsy: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Mogi Taichi , Tsunoda Tomoya , Yoshino Aihide 
Published: February 2019

AimFacial recognition can be assessed by examining an event‐related potential component, namely the N170. The amplitude of the N170 is larger in response to inverted faces than to upright faces. To examine facial processing in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), we investigated the amplitude of the N170, the face inversion effect, and the association between social functioning and face‐specific configuration processing.MethodsSixteen patients with TLE and 17 normal controls (NC) participated in this study. Event‐related potentials in response to upright or inverted neutral faces and bicycles were recorded. Social functioning was assessed by the socioeconomic status of the participants using the 5‐point Hollingshead–Redlich Scale.ResultsCompared with NC, patients with TLE had decreased N170 amplitudes. The inversion effect was observed for face stimuli in both groups; however, no inversion effect was observed for bicycle stimuli. Additionally, in TLE patients, but not in NC, socioeconomic status was significantly correlated with the N170 amplitudes in response to upright faces.ConclusionIn a social context, upright faces are processed as a whole. This process is impaired in TLE. Conversely, inverted faces are processed analytically. This function is normal in TLE. Abnormal face‐specific configuration processing may contribute to lower social functioning in TLE.
Immunogenicity and side‐effects of the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis patients
Authors: Maritsi Despoina N , Syrmou Areti , Vartzelis George , Diamantopoulos Stavros , Tsolia Maria N 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the immunogenicity and side‐effects of hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination between periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) patients and healthy controls who have not been previously exposed to HAV. A prospective observational study was carried out of 28 PFAPA patients and 76 controls who received two doses of the vaccine. Immunogenicity was expressed as seroconversion and seroprotection rates; mean HAV‐immunoglobulin G concentration was measured at 0, 1, 7 and 18 months. Side‐effects were defined as incidence of adverse events and the effect of vaccination on PFAPA symptoms. All participants were seronegative and seroconverted at 1 month. One month after primary vaccination, 92.9% of PFAPA patients and 77.6% of the controls attained seroprotection, while the rates increased to 100% and 96.1%, respectively, 1 month after the second dose. Seroprotection rates remained adequate 1 year after completion of vaccination. In conclusion, two doses of the inactivated HAV vaccine are well‐tolerated and effective in children with PFAPA.
What is phenomenology of religion? (Part I): The study of religious phenomena
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhenomenology of religion can refer to three distinct groups of phenomenological projects reflecting on religion. The term is used in the field of religious studies to designate the search for patterns of religious experiences or practices across traditions and to the methodology that shows religion to be a unique human experience deserving its own field of study. Philosophical phenomenology in the Husserlian tradition also engages religious questions at times. Finally, there is a group of contemporary French philosophers who advocate a phenomenology of religious experience. The first two groups are examined in this article and the third in the sequel. For the first group, the article briefly considers the projects of Rudolf Otto, Mircea Eliade, Brede Kristensen, and Gerardus van der Leeuw, as well as their contemporary interpreters in the field of religious studies. As representative of the second approach, the article considers Max Scheler, Edith Stein, and Gerda Walther as well as commenting briefly on the contemporary work of Natalie Depraz and Anthony Steinbock.
Developing educational modules to enhance care of aged and dying inmates: Set‐up phase
Authors: Kitt‐Lewis Erin , Loeb Susan J. , Myers Valerie H. , Wion Rachel K. , Baney Brenda , Strickfaden Sophia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explain the strategies used in the “Set‐up” phase of developing computer‐based education on the care and management of incarcerated people who are older and/or dying. Public health nurses have an opportunity to support efforts in educating corrections staff to enhance health care for older and dying inmates. Such endeavors can promote social justice through inmates receiving evidence‐based care that parallels that received by the community at large. “Set‐up” is the first of four phases in the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Framework for Going to Full Scale. Our design approach was threefold and included an environmental scan, a modified Delphi survey, and a usability study. An expert advisory board was consulted throughout the Set‐up Phase. Participants for the Delphi Survey had expertise in geriatrics and corrections health care. Usability testing was conducted at two State Correctional Institutions. The Delphi Survey consisted of three Qualtrics surveys. Usability testing examined navigability; detected problems; observed time spent solving problems; identified problem severity; and developed recovery strategies. The Set‐up established proof of concept, three prototype modules, and a specifications document to guide future programming. In addition, a Technology Niche Analyses® provided a preliminary commercialization plan (NIH, 2017). The Set‐up phase has been instrumental in exposing the available infrastructure for dissemination of an educational product within corrections and may be a first step in addressing public health concerns on issues in aging. Commercial feasibility of the program and the need for continued research for Developing the Scalable Unit were established.
The influence of rising tropospheric carbon dioxide and ozone on plant productivity
Authors: Ainsworth E. A. , Lemonnier P. , Wedow J. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman activities result in a wide array of pollutants being released to the atmosphere. A number of these pollutants have direct effects on plants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the substrate for photosynthesis, and ozone (O3), a damaging oxidant. How plants respond to changes in these atmospheric air pollutants, both directly and indirectly, feeds back on atmospheric composition and climate, global net primary productivity and ecosystem service provisioning. Here we discuss the past, current and future trends in emissions of CO2 and O3 and synthesise the current atmospheric CO2 and O3 budgets, describing the important role of vegetation in determining the atmospheric burden of those pollutants. While increased atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past 150 years has been accompanied by greater CO2 assimilation and storage in terrestrial ecosystems, there is evidence that rising temperatures and increased drought stress may limit the ability of future terrestrial ecosystems to buffer against atmospheric emissions. Long‐term Free Air CO2 or O3 Enrichment (FACE) experiments provide critical experimentation about the effects of future CO2 and O3 on ecosystems, and highlight the important interactive effects of temperature, nutrients and water supply in determining ecosystem responses to air pollution. Long‐term experimentation in both natural and cropping systems is needed to provide critical empirical data for modelling the effects of air pollutants on plant productivity in the decades to come.
Pollination ecology of the Neotropical gesneriad Gloxinia perennis: chemical composition and temporal fluctuation of floral perfume
Authors: Martel C. , Gerlach G. , Ayasse M. , Milet‐Pinheiro P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Although common among orchids, pollination by perfume‐gathering male euglossine bees is quite rare in other Neotropical families. In Gesneriaceae, for example, it is reported in two genera only, Drymonia and Gloxinia. Flowers of G. perennis are known to emit perfume, thereby attracting male euglossine bees as pollinators. However, detailed reports on the pollination ecology, as well as on chemistry of floral perfume of individuals in natural populations, are still missing. In this study, we report on the pollination ecology of G. perennis, focusing on the ecological significance of its floral perfume.

In natural populations in Peru, we documented the floral biology and breeding system of G. perennis, as well as its interaction with flower visitors. We also characterised the chemical composition of floral perfume, as well as its timing of emission.

Gloxinia perennis is self‐compatible and natural pollination success is high. Spontaneous self‐pollination occurs as a ‘just in case strategy’ when pollinators are scarce. Perfume‐collecting males of Eulaema cingulata and El. meriana were identified as pollinators. The perfume bouquet of G. perennis consists of 16 compounds. (E)‐Carvone epoxide (41%) and limonene (23%) are the major constituents. Perfume emission is higher at 09:00 h, matching the activity peak of Eulaema pollinators.

Flowers of G. perennis have evolved a mixed strategy to ensure pollination (i.e. self‐ and cross‐pollination), but cross‐pollination is favoured. The size and behaviour of Eulaema males enables only these bees to successfully cross‐pollinate G. perennis. Furthermore, G. perennis floral perfume traits (i.e. chemistry and timing of emission) have evolved to optimise the attraction of these bees.
The power and limits of institutions in altering the racial hierarchy of the United States: A new lens on the history of school desegregation
Authors: McNeill Shelby M. , Rowley Kristie J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article frames the history of school desegregation within the broader topic of the ability of institutions to generate shifts in macro‐level racial hierarchies. Utilizing the vast social science literature on the history of school desegregation, we specifically examine the level of involvement required from all three branches of the United States federal government to desegregate public schools. We argue that aggressive and repeated involvement was required from the United States federal government, including the Supreme Court, President, federal law enforcement agencies, and Congress, to desegregate public schools, thereby demonstrating the intense commitment needed from institutions to alter racial hierarchies. However, because most formerly desegregated public schools experienced rapid resegregation after declining involvement from the federal government, we also conclude that alterations to racial structures are unlikely to be maintained without continual force from institutions.