bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of smartphone‐based and standard base‐apex electrocardiography in healthy dairy cows
Authors: Bonelli Francesca , Vezzosi Tommaso , Meylan Mireille , Nocera Irene , Ferrulli Vincenzo , Buralli Carlotta , Meucci Valentina , Tognetti Rosalba 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThere is good diagnostic accuracy of smartphone‐based ECG in the evaluation of heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, and ECG values for humans, horses, dogs, and cats.ObjectivesAssess feasibility and reliability of a smartphone ECG device to evaluate HR expressed as beats per minute and ECG values in cows.AnimalsFifty‐five healthy Holstein Friesian cows.MethodsProspective observational study. A standard base‐apex ECG was acquired for 60 seconds in each cow. A smartphone ECG tracing was recorded simultaneously using a single‐lead bipolar ECG recorder. All ECGs were reviewed by 1 blinded investigator. The following ECG variables were assessed: HR, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS complex and QT interval (milliseconds), P wave, and QRS complex polarity. Agreement between standard and smartphone ECG was evaluated by Cohen'sktest and the Bland‐Altman test.ResultsSmartphone ECG tracings were interpretable in 89% of the recordings. Minimal differences of no clinical relevance were found between standard and smartphone ECG tracings regarding HR and duration of ECG waves and interval. Good agreement found in the evaluation of QRS complex polarity (85%) but not for P wave polarity (k= 0.006). Artifacts were rare but of significantly higher frequency in smartphone ECG compared to standard ECG tracings (22% versus 0%;P= .005).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGood quality single‐lead ECG tracings can be recorded by smartphone device in healthy cows. Smartphone tracings are reliable for evaluation of HR and selective ECG variables. Smartphone ECG can represent an additional tool for ECG screening in cows.
A pilot study on nutrients, antimicrobial proteins, and bacteria in commerce‐free models for exchanging expressed human milk in the USA
Authors: Perrin Maryanne T. , Fogleman April D. , Davis Destiny D. , Wimer Courtney H. , Vogel Kenneth G. , Palmquist Aunchalee E.L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExpressed human milk can be donated or sold through a variety of channels, including human milk banks, corporations or individuals, or peer‐to‐peer milk sharing. There is a paucity of research regarding the nutrient and bioactive profiles of expressed human milk exchanged through commerce‐free scenarios, including peer‐to‐peer milk sharing. The study objective was to evaluate the macronutrient, antimicrobial protein, and bacteria composition in expressed human milk acquired via commerce‐free arrangements. Expressed human milk samples were collected from the following commerce‐free scenarios: milk expressed for a mother's or parent's own infant (MOM; N = 30); unpasteurized milk donated to a non‐profit milk bank (BANKED; N = 30); milk expressed for peer‐to‐peer milk sharing (SHARED; N = 31); and health professional‐facilitated milk sharing where donors are serologically screened and milk is dispensed raw (SCREENED; N = 30). Analyses were conducted for total protein, lactose, percent fat and water, lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin A (IgA) activity, total aerobic bacteria, coliform, and Staphylococcus aureus. No bacterial growth was observed in 52/121 samples, and 15/121 had growth greater than 5.0 log colony‐forming units/mL. There was no evidence of differences by groups (p > .05) in lactose, fat, water, lysozyme activity, sIgA activity, aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and S. aureus. Mean protein values (95% confidence interval) were 1.5 g/dL (1.4, 1.6) for BANKED, 1.4 g/dL (1.3, 1.5) for MOM, 1.6 g/dL (1.5, 1.7) for SCREENED, and 1.5 g/dL (1.4, 1.6) for SHARED, which was not significantly different (p = .081). This research contributes to growing literature on the risks and benefits of uncompensated, peer‐to‐peer milk sharing.
Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States
Authors: O'Sullivan Elizabeth J. , Geraghty Sheela R. , Rasmussen Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere are limited data available about the prevalence of human milk (HM) sharing and selling in the general population. We aimed to describe attitudes toward HM selling among participants in a qualitative‐interview study and prevalence of HM sharing and selling among a national sample of U.S. mothers. Mothers (n = 41) in our qualitative‐interview study felt that sharing or donating HM was more common than selling; none had ever purchased or sold HM. Three themes related to HM selling emerged from this work: questioning the motives of those selling HM, HM selling limits access to HM to those with money, and HM selling is a legitimate way to make money. Some mothers had reservations about treating HM as a commodity and the intentions of those who profit from the sale of HM. Nearly all participants in our national survey of U.S. mothers (94%, n = 429) had heard of infants consuming another mother's HM. Approximately 12% had provided their milk to another; half provided it to someone they knew. Fewer mothers (6.8%) reported that their infant had consumed another mother's HM; most received this HM from someone they knew. A smaller proportion of respondents (1.3%) had ever purchased or sold HM. Among a national sample of U.S. mothers, purchasing and selling HM was less common than freely sharing HM. Together, these data highlight that HM sharing is not uncommon in the United States. Research is required to create guidelines for families considering HM sharing.
Prioritising allocation of donor human breast milk amongst very low birthweight infants in middle‐income countries
Authors: Taylor Celia , Joolay Yaseen , Buckle Abigail , Lilford Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of donor human breast milk instead of formula reduces the risk of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants when their mother's own milk is insufficient. Use of donor milk is limited by the cost of establishing a milk bank and a lack of donors, but the optimal rationing of limited donor milk is unclear. This paper uses an economic model to explore how a limited donor milk supply should be allocated across very low birthweight infants in South Africa considering 2 outcomes: maximising lives saved and minimising costs. We developed a probabilistic cohort Markov decision model with 10,000 infants across 4 birthweight groups. We evaluated allocation scenarios in which infants in each group could be exclusively formula‐fed or fed donor milk for 14 or 28 days and thereafter formula until death or discharge. Prioritising infants in the lowest birthweight groups would save the most lives, whereas prioritising infants in the highest birthweight groups would result in the highest cost savings. All allocation scenarios would be considered very cost‐effective in South Africa compared to the use of formula; the “worst case” was $619 per Disability Adjusted Life Year averted. There is a compelling argument to increase the supply of donor milk in middle‐income countries. Our analysis could be extended by taking a longer term perspective, using data from more than one country and exploring the use of donor milk as an adjunct to mother's own milk, rather than a pure substitute for it.
A case of functional neck extension myoclonus with clear effect of distraction
Authors: Inoue Manabu , Morihata Hirokazu , Matoba Shun , Shibasaki Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report a 46‐year‐old man who presented repetitive jerky extension movements of the neck in lying position over a period of 10 years. His coexisting diseases included alcoholism and depression. Neurologically, there were repetitive, shock‐like, neck extension movements in the supine or recumbent position, which disappeared in the prone or sitting position. The jerks were not seen during sleep. There was a clear effect of distraction on the jerks, suggesting a psychogenic disorder.
Female carrier with DMD mutation manifesting only asymptomatic hyperCKemia and psychiatric problems
Authors: Kaido Misako , Yuasa Yoshihito 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report the case of a 64‐year‐old woman with dystrophinopathy exhibiting asymptomatic hyperCKemia and psychiatric symptoms only. Since adolescence, she had experienced communication difficulties and anxiety neurosis, which kept her unemployed and once led her to attempt suicide. Her full intelligence quotient was 89, with relatively low scores in processing speed and working memory, because of attention/concentration deficit or obsession. She has a nephew with severe dystrophinopathy, and both of them had duplication of exon 44 of the DMD gene, encoding dystrophin. Her mother became wheelchair user at age 60, and was suspected to have some psychiatric problems since she neglected her own ailing child. The cognitive and mental states of women with dystrophinopathy should be paid more attention to since such problems may manifest due to dystrophin deficit.
Multi‐modal combination therapy rescued a frequent ischemic stroke patient due to giant cell arteritis
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiaki , Sato Kota , Matsumoto Namiko , Kawahara Yuko , Yunoki Taijun , Shang Jingwei , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) is rare, but highly mortal. Here, we report a 72‐year‐old man who showed frequent IS with GCA. Initial therapy with prednisolone increased the frequency of IS, which disappeared after continuous multi‐modal combination therapy with corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antiplatelets, and statin. The present case was discharged with independent walk, suggesting that a multi‐modal combination therapy rescued the GCA patient from frequent IS.
Clinical characteristics of patients with myasthenia gravis accompanied by psychiatric disorders
Authors: Yamamoto Asami , Kimura Takashi , Watanabe Shohei , Yoshikawa Hiroo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with myasthenia gravis (MG) often suffer from psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety disorder and depression. These psychiatric disorders may affect the treatment of MG.AimThis study aimed to closely examine psychiatric disorders in MG patients and identify influential factors.MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed 103 MG patients regarding clinical characteristics, and development and exacerbation of psychiatric disorders. In addition, we compared comorbid psychiatric disorders in patients with myositis, which is also treated with steroids, and patients with MG.ResultsOf the 103 MG patients, 24 had psychiatric disorders. This included 10 patients with depression, six with anxiety disorder, three with paranoia, two with delirium, one with somatoform disorder, one with schizophrenia, and one with personality disorder. We found that psychiatric disorders were associated with disease state of MG in 12 of the 24 patients. Based on our analysis, psychiatric symptoms were not associated with oral steroid doses. Furthermore, in patients with myositis, which is treated with steroids for a long period of time similar to MG, the incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders tended to be lower.ConclusionThese results suggest that psychiatric disorders in patients with MG are associated with the disease state of MG rather than oral steroid doses. The development or exacerbation of psychiatric disorders may interfere with the treatment of MG; therefore, attention should be paid to the onset of psychiatric disorders, which should be treated appropriately as soon as possible.
Paclitaxel Induce Apoptosis of Giant Cells Tumor of Bone via TP53INP1 Signaling
Authors: Xiao Wei‐Yuan , Zong Zhen , Qiu Man‐Le , Chen Xiu‐Yuan , Shen Hong‐Xing , Lao Li‐Feng 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antitumor capability and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of paclitaxel.MethodsFirst, cck‐8 and apoptosis assays were used to determine survival and apoptotic effects of HS 737.T cells under treatment of paclitaxel. Next, RNA‐seq and bioinformatics were used to determine the differentially expressed genes and to analyze the pathway involved. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the accuracy of some differentially expressed genes (DEG). ClueGO was used to decode and visualize functionally grouped GO terms of differentially expressed genes, and to map the DEG protein–protein interactions (PPI) network. Western blotting was used to check the expression of target genes, the cleavage of Caspase‐3 and PARP1, and the phosphorylation level of p53. Finally, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and RNAi were used to estimate the antitumor capability and to identify the underlying mechanisms of paclitaxel in GCTB.ResultsOur data revealed that paclitaxel had significant time‐dependent effects on the viability and induced apoptosis of HS 737.T cells. RNA‐seq and bioinformatics analysis showed that apoptosis, death receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and TP53 regulated transcription of cell death genes pathway were closely associated with paclitaxel in the treatment of GCTB. Western bolt results revealed that paclitaxel induced cleavage of Caspase‐3 and PARP1, and increased the phosphorylation level of p53 in HS 737.T cells. RNAi results showed that the expression level of TP53INP1 was significantly decreased in HS737.T cells (the decrease was more than 70%). In addition, we found that the inhibitory ratios of paclitaxel on HS737.T cells deficient in TP53INP1 were less than in HS737.T cells with empty vector (19.88 and 40.60%, respectively). Hence, our data revealed that TP53INP1 regulated paclitaxel‐driven apoptosis in HS737.T cells.ConclusionPaclitaxel can significantly repress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of HS 737.T cells through activating Caspase‐3, PARP1, p53, and TP53INP1. Paclitaxel may be an effective drug in the management of GCTB.
Tetralogy of Fallot: Everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask
Authors: Wise‐Faberowski Lisa , Asija Ritu , McElhinney Doff B. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has four anatomic features: right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), ventriculoseptal defect (VSD), overriding aorta and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOT) with an occurrence of 3.9 /10,000 births. The pathophysiologic effects in TOF are largely determined by the degree of RVOT and not the VSD. Intra‐operative anesthetic management is also dependent on the degree of RVOT obstruction and influenced by the extent of surgical RVOT repair.
Public health nurses’ activities at a time of specialization in nursing—A national study
Authors: Haron Yafa , Honovich Mriam , Rahmani Sarit , Madjar Batia , Shahar Liora , Feder‐Bubis Paula 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo provide a detailed, up‐to‐date account of the job description and practice areas of current public health nurses.Design and SampleA cross‐sectional study. A sample of 824 public health nurses, 80% of public health nurses in Israel, participated in a national structured survey.MeasuresA structured questionnaire eliciting self‐reported public health nursing activities, priorities, perceived deficiencies, and job satisfaction was compiled.ResultsNearly 70% of surveyed public health nurses provided individual‐level interventions and less population‐health‐focused activities such as community needs assessments and development and implementation of community‐based projects.ConclusionsAdvanced training should be required in several areas of practice and the scope of public health nurses’ practice should be expanded, with greater emphasis on population health.
Evaluation of a portable device for assessment of motility in stallion semen
Authors: Buss Tammo , Aurich Jörg , Aurich Christine 
Published: December 2018

ContentsIn horse breeding, quality assessment of semen before insemination is often requested. Non‐laboratory‐based techniques for objective analysis of sperm motility are thus of interest. The aim of this study was evaluating a portable device for semen analysis (Ongo sperm test) and its comparison with computer‐assisted semen analysis (CASA). Semen was collected from 10 stallions, diluted to 100, 50 and 25 × 106 sperm/ml and analysed for total (TM) and progressive motility (PM). The final sperm concentration influenced total motility analysed by Ongo (p < 0.05) which was higher at 100 × 106 sperm/ml when compared to 25 × 106 sperm/ml (p < 0.05) but not when compared to 50 × 106 sperm/ml (n.s.). Sperm concentration did not influence total motility when assessed by SpermVision (n.s.). Agreement between methods was evaluated by correlation analysis and Bland–Altman plot. Intra‐assay variation of Ongo was 5.2% ± 3.0 for TM and 6.9% ± 3.4 for PM. Correlation between Ongo and CASA was r = 0.79, 0.88 and 0.83 for 100, 50 and 25 × 106 sperm/ml for TM, and r = 0.87, 0.89 and 0.87 for PM, respectively (all p < 0.001). At the 100 and 25 mio/ml dilutions, the difference between the two systems deviated significantly from 0, while no such bias existed at the 50 mio/ml dilution (TM Ongo 85.0%, CASA 82.3%; PM Ongo 64.1%, CASA 66.1%). The 95% confidence interval was 19.9%, 18.9% and 19.2% ± mean for TM and 20.7%, 17.4% and 20.3% ± mean for 100, 50 and 25 × 106 sperm/ml, respectively. In conclusion, Ongo sperm test sperm motility data were strongly correlated with data obtained by CASA. In addition, at a concentration of 50 × 106 sperm/ml values measured with both systems were close to identical. At this concentration, which is recommended in equine AI, Ongo and CASA can be used interchangeably.
Geochemical Characteristics and Genetic Significance of Datangpo‐Type Manganese Ore Deposits during the Cryogenian Period
Authors: Xiao Jiafei , He Jingyang , Yang Haiying , Wu Chengquan , Xu Jianbin , Li Yantao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Datangpo‐type manganese ore deposits, which formed during the Nanhuan (Cryogenian) period and are located in northeastern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are one of the most important manganese resources in China, showing good prospecting potential. Many middle‐to‐large deposits, and even super‐large mineral deposits, have been discovered. However, the genesis of manganese ore deposits is still controversial and remains a long‐standing source of debate; there are several viewpoints including biogenesis, hydrothermal sedimentation, gravity flows, cold‐spring carbonates, etc. Geochemical data from several manganese ore deposits show that there are positive correlations between Al2O3 and TiO2, SiO2, K2O, and Na2O, and strong negative correlations between Al2O3 and CaO, MgO, and MnO in black shales and manganese ores. U, Mo, and V show distinct enrichment in black shales and inconspicuous enrichment in Mn ores. Ba and Rb show strong positive correlations with K2O in manganese ores. Cu, Ni, and Zn show clear correlations with total iron in both manganese ores and black shales. ∑REE of manganese ores has a large range with evident positive Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies. The Post Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of manganese ores present pronounced middle rare earth element (MREE) enrichment, producing “hat‐shaped” REE plots. ∑REE of black shales is more variable compared with PAAS, and the PAAS‐normalized REE distribution patterns appear as “flat‐shaped” REE plots, lacking evident anomaly characteristics. δ13C values of carbonate in both manganese ores and the black shales show observable negative excursions. The comprehensive analysis suggests that the black shales formed in a reducing and quiet water column, while the manganese ores formed in oxic muddy seawater, which resulted from periodic transgressions. There was an oxidation–reduction cycle of manganese between the top water body and the bottom water body caused by the transgressions during the early Datangpo, which resulted in the dissolution of manganese. Through the exchange of the euphotic zone water and the bottom water, and episodic inflow of oxygenated water, the manganese in the bottom water was oxidized to Mn‐oxyhydroxides and rapidly buried along with algae. In the early diagenetic stage, Mn‐oxyhydroxides were reduced and dissolved in the anoxic pore water and then transformed into Mn‐carbonates by reacting with HCO3− from the degradation of organic matter or from seawater. In the intervals between transgressions, continuous supplies of terrigenous clastics and the high productive rates of organic matter in the euphotic zone resulted in the deposition of the black shales enriched in organic matter.
Bayesian estimation of the efficient frontier
Authors: Bauder David , Bodnar Rostyslav , Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the estimation of the three determining parameters of the efficient frontier, the expected return, and the variance of the global minimum variance portfolio and the slope parameter, from a Bayesian perspective. Their posterior distribution is derived by assigning the diffuse and the conjugate priors to the mean vector and the covariance matrix of the asset returns and is presented in terms of a stochastic representation. Furthermore, Bayesian estimates together with the standard uncertainties for all three parameters are provided, and their asymptotic distributions are established. All obtained findings are applied to real data, consisting of the returns on assets included into the S&P 500. The empirical properties of the efficient frontier are then examined in detail.
Gender, work, and childcare in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia
Authors: Dugarova Esuna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.