bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on assembly bias from galaxy clustering
Authors: Zentner Andrew R , Hearin Andrew , van den Bosch Frank C , Lange Johannes U , Villarreal Antonia Sierra 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
We constrain the newly introduced decorated halo occupation distribution (HOD) model using SDSS DR7 measurements of projected galaxy clustering, $w$p(rp) of galaxies in r-band luminosity-threshold samples. The decorated HOD is a model for the galaxy–halo connection that augments the traditional HOD by allowing for the possibility of galaxy assembly bias: galaxy luminosity may be correlated with dark matter halo properties besides mass, Mvir. We demonstrate that it is not possible to rule out galaxy assembly bias using DR7 measurements of galaxy clustering alone. Moreover, galaxy samples with Mr &lt; −20 and Mr &lt; −20.5 favour central galaxy assembly bias. These samples prefer scenarios in which high-concentration haloes are more likely to host a central galaxy relative to low-concentration haloes of the same Mvir. We formally rule out zero assembly bias with high significance for these samples. In the particular case of the Mr &lt; −20 sample, zero assembly bias is excluded at greater than the 3σ level. Satellite galaxy assembly bias is preferred for the faintest sample we study, Mr &lt; −19. We find no evidence for assembly bias in the Mr &lt; −21 sample. Assembly bias should be accounted for in galaxy clustering analyses or attempts to exploit galaxy clustering to constrain cosmology. In addition to presenting the first constraints on HOD models that accommodate assembly bias, our analysis includes numerous improvements over previous analyses of this data set and supersedes previously published results, even in the case of a standard HOD analysis.
Private Contracting, Law and Finance
Authors: Acheson Graeme G , Campbell Gareth , Turner John D 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the late nineteenth century Britain had almost no mandatory shareholder protections, but had very developed financial markets. We argue that private contracting between shareholders and corporations meant that the absence of statutory protections was immaterial. Using approximately 500 articles of association from before 1900, we code the protections offered to shareholders in these private contracts. We find that firms voluntarily offered shareholders many of the protections that were subsequently included in statutory corporate law. We also find that companies offering better protection to shareholders had less concentrated ownership.Received August 19, 2016; editorial decision October 24, 2018 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Effects of Whole Body Vibration Therapy and Classic Physiotherapy on Postural Stability in People With Back Pain
Authors: Wegener Veronika , Rarack Stephanie , Tiffe Theresa , Grill Eva , Melcher Carolin , Birkenmaier Christof , Jansson Volkmar , Wegener Bernd 
Published: February 2019

Study Design:
This 2-step prospective randomized parallel trial evaluated postural stability in 65 back pain participants (61.6±7.9 y) and 50 nonback pain participants (61.2±8.6 y) in a first step using the MFT-S3-Check. In a second step, postural stability and questionnaires were evaluated in back pain participants before and after therapy with either whole body vibration therapy or classic physiotherapy.

Objective:
The first aim was to investigate whether the MFT-S3-Check is suitable to evaluate differences in postural stability in back pain and nonback pain participants. The second aim was to evaluate the effect of whole body vibration therapy and classic physiotherapy on postural stability and the influence of depressive symptoms and pain.

Summary of Background Data:
Objective bodily measurement values in chronic back pain are rare; therefore, the evaluation of effectiveness of different therapies is difficult.

Methods:
Postural stability was investigated using stability-, sensorimotor-, and symmetry indexes, in standing and seated positions with the MFT-S3-Check. The following standard questionnaires were used to investigate pain and depressive symptoms: HADS, ODI, NASS, SF-36.

Results:
No significant difference in postural stability was found between back pain participants and the nonback pain group. None of the two training concepts in back pain participants was superior, concerning postural stability and pain. Both treatments showed positive effects, with significant improvements in postural stability in the classic physiotherapy group. Depressive symptoms had a significant correlation with pain intensity in back pain participants.

Conclusions:
The MFT-S3-Check could not find a significant difference in postural stability between the back pain and nonback pain group in the study setting. Postural stability improved after treatment.
Visceral Fat Volume From Standard Preoperative CT is an Independent Predictor of Short-term Survival in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Metastatic Spine Disease
Authors: Pennington Zach , Pielkenrood Bart , Ahmed A. Karim , Goodwin C. Rory , Verlaan Jorrit-Jan , Sciubba Daniel M. 
Published: February 2019

Study Design:
This is a retrospective cohort.

Objective:
Determine the relationship of body morphometry to postoperative survival in patients with vertebral metastases.

Summary of Background Data:
Most operations for vertebral metastases aim for palliation not cure, yet expected patient survival heavily influences treatment plans. We seek to demonstrate that preoperative fat and muscle volumes on standard-of-care computed tomography (CT) are independent predictors of survival after surgery for vertebral metastases.

Materials and Methods:
Included data were preoperative neurological status, adjuvant treatments, CT-assessed body composition, health comorbidities, details of oncologic disease, and Tomita and Tokuhashi scores. Body composition—visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and total muscle area—were assessed on preoperative L3/4 CT slice with Image J software. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine independent predictors of 3-, 6-, and 12-month survival.

Results:
We included 75 patients (median age, 57, 57.3% male, 66.7% white) with the most common primary lesions being lung (17.3%), prostate (14.7%), colorectal (12.0%), breast (10.7%), and kidney (9.3%). The only independent predictor of 3-month survival was visceral fat area [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.23 per 1000 mm2; P=0.02]. Independent predictors of survival at 6 months were body mass index (95% CI: 1.04–1.35 per kg/m2; P=0.009), Karnofsky performance status (95% CI: 1.00–1.15; P<0.05), modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (95% CI: 1.11–7.91; P=0.03), and postoperative chemotherapy use (95% CI: 1.13–4.71; P=0.02). Independent predictors of 12-month survival were kidney primary pathology (95% CI: 0.00–0.00; P<0.01), body mass index (95% CI: 1.03–1.39 per kg/m2; P=0.02), and being ambulatory preoperatively (95% CI: 1.28–17.06; P=0.02).

Conclusions:
Visceral fat mass was an independent, positive predictor of short-term postoperative survival in patients treated for vertebral metastases. As a result, we believe that the prognostic accuracy of current predictors may be improved by the addition of visceral fat volume as a risk factor.
Clinical Outcome After Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion With a New Osteoinductive Bone Substitute Material
Authors: Rickert Marcus , Fleege Christoph , Papachristos Ioannis , Makowski Marcus R. , Rauschmann Michael , Arabmotlagh Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

Study Design:
Pilot, single-center, single-blinded, parallel-group, randomized clinical study.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to pilot a randomized clinical study to evaluate whether instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with a new nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite embedded in a silica gel matrix (NH-SiO2) leads to superior radiologic and clinical outcomes at 12-month follow-up compared with instrumented ALIF with homologous bone.

Summary of Background Data:
ALIF completed with interbody cages is an established technique for performing arthrodesis of the lumbar spine. There is ongoing discussion about which cage-filling material is most appropriate. This is the first study to assess the efficacy of NH-SiO2 in ALIF surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized, clinical, pilot trial included 2 groups of 20 patients with monosegmental or multisegmental degenerative disease of the lumbar spine who were suitable to undergo monosegmental or bisegmental ALIF fusion at the level L4/L5 and L5/S1 with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer ALIF cage filled with either NH-SiO2 or homogenous bone. Primary outcome was postoperative disability as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Secondary outcomes were postoperative radiographic outcomes, pain, and quality of life. Patients were followed 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
Mean (±SD) 12-month ODI was 24±17 in the NH-SiO2 group and 27±19 in the homologous bone group (P=0.582). Postoperative radiography, functional outcomes, and quality-of-life indices did not differ significantly between groups at any of the regularly scheduled follow-up visits.

Conclusions:
This clinical study showed similar functional, radiologic, and clinical outcomes 12 months postoperatively for instrumented ALIF procedures with the use of NH-SiO2 or homologous bone as cage filling. In the absence of any relevant differences in outcome, we postulate that the pivotal clinical study should be designed as an equivalence trial.
Are Limb-sparing Surgical Resections Comparable to Amputation for Patients With Pelvic Chondrosarcoma? A Case-control, Propensity Score-matched Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Kim Chang-Yeon , Collier Christopher D. , Liu Raymond W. , Getty Patrick J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequent primary sarcoma of bone and frequently occurs in the pelvis. Surgical resection is the primary treatment with the two main operative modalities being limb-sparing resection and amputation. Contemporary management has trended toward limb-sparing procedures; however, whether this approach has an adverse effect on long-term survival is unclear.

Questions/purposes
(1) What are the 5- and 10-year survival rates after limb-sparing surgery and amputation? (2) What factors are associated with survival after contemporary surgical management of pelvic chondrosarcoma?

Methods
The 2004-2014 National Cancer Database, a nationwide registry that includes approximately 70% of all new cancers in the United States with requirement for 90% followup, was reviewed for patients diagnosed with pelvic chondrosarcoma who had undergone limb-sparing surgery or amputation. To compare survival, patient demographics, tumor attributes, and treatment characteristics were used to generate one-to-one propensity score-matched cohorts. Other factors associated with survival were determined through multivariable Cox regression. Three hundred eighty-five patients (75%) underwent limb-sparing surgery and 131 (25%) underwent amputation. Propensity score matching resulted in two balanced cohorts of 131 patients.

Results
With the numbers available, we could not demonstrate a difference in overall survival between limb-sparing procedures and amputation. The 5-year survivorship was 70% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62%-79%) for limb-sparing surgery versus 70% (95% CI, 62%-79%) for amputation. The 10-year survivorship was 60% (95% CI, 48%-75%) for limb-sparing surgery versus 59% (95% CI, 48%-72%) for amputation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis did not demonstrate a difference in survival (p = 0.9). Older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.029, p < 0.001), higher Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score (HR = 3.039, p = 0.004), higher grade (HR = 2.547, p = 0.005 for Grade 2; HR = 7.269, p < 0.001 for Grade 3; HR = 10.36, p < 0.001 for Grade 4), and positive surgical margins (HR = 1.61, p = 0.039) were associated with decreased survival.

Conclusions
Our findings support the trend toward increased use of limb-sparing surgery for patients with pelvic chondrosarcoma. Orthopaedic oncologists may use our results when counseling their patients regarding treatment options. However, the choice of limb-sparing surgery versus amputation for these challenging patients should still be a highly individualized decision with careful discussion between the patient and the surgeon.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.
Cellular Dermatofibroma: Clinicopathologic Review of 218 Cases of Cellular Dermatofibroma to Determine the Clinical Recurrence Rate
Authors: Gaufin Meredith , Michaelis Timothy , Duffy Keith 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Cellular dermatofibromas, a variant of dermatofibroma, are reported to recur at rates of 26% to 50%.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether there are distinct clinical or histological differences between cellular dermatofibromas that recur versus those that do not. To determine recurrence rates in a real-world clinical setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the medical records and skin biopsies of cellular dermatofibroma in the University of Utah Health system between December 2011 and 2016. Clinical and dermatopathological features were evaluated to find distinct differences between the cellular dermatofibromas that recurred compared with those that did not.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences in histology between the primary lesions in recurrent and nonrecurrent cases. One factor that seemed to be associated with a greater likelihood of recurrence was an initial lesion size greater than 1 cm. The authors' data suggest that if the margins are involved on initial biopsy, there is a 10% chance of recurrence. This percentage is far less than the 26% to 50% reported in the past literature.

CONCLUSION
If a patient presents with a cellular dermatofibroma larger than 1 cm and positive margins at initial biopsy, a careful discussion should be had between the provider and patient about the low risk of local recurrence.
Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Fecundability in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Quraishi Sabah M. , Lin Paul C. , Richter Kevin S. , Hinckley Mary D. , Yee Bill , Neal-Perry Genevieve , Sheppard Lianne , Kaufman Joel D. , Hajat Anjum 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Limited research suggests ambient air pollution impairs fecundity but groups most susceptible have not been identified. We studied whether long-term ambient air pollution exposure before an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle was associated with successful livebirth, and whether associations were modified by underlying infertility diagnosis.

Methods:
Data on women initiating their first autologous IVF cycle in 2012–2013 were obtained from four US clinics. Outcomes included pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and livebirth. Annual average exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM10, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) before IVF start were estimated at residential address using a validated national spatial model incorporating land-use regression and universal kriging. We also assessed residential distance to major roadway. We calculated risk ratios (RR) using modified Poisson regression and evaluated effect modification (EM) by infertility diagnosis on additive and multiplicative scales.

Results:
Among 7,463 eligible participants, 36% had a livebirth. There was a nonsignificant indication of an association between PM2.5 or NO2 and decreased livebirth and increased pregnancy loss. Near-roadway residence was associated with decreased livebirth (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.99). There was evidence for EM between high exposure to air pollutants and a diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) or male infertility and decreased livebirth.

Conclusions:
Despite suggestive but uncertain findings for the overall effect of air pollution on fecundity, we found a suggestive indication that there may be synergistic effects of air pollution and DOR or male infertility diagnosis on livebirth. This suggests two possible targets for future research and intervention.
Neighborhood Sociodemographic Effects on the Associations Between Long-term PM2.5 Exposure and Cardiovascular Outcomes and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Weaver Anne M. , McGuinn Laura , Neas Lucas , Mirowsky Jaime , Devlin Robert B. , Dhingra Radhika , Ward-Caviness Cavin , Cascio Wayne E. , Kraus William E. , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Di Qian , Schwartz Joel , Diaz-Sanchez David 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Exposure to PM2.5 air pollution and neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics are associated with cardiovascular disease and possibly diabetes mellitus. However, the joint effect of sociodemographics and PM2.5 on these outcomes is uncertain.

Methods:
We examined whether clusters of sociodemographic characteristics modified effects of long-term PM2.5 exposure on coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. We used medical records data from 2,192 cardiac catheterization patients residing in North Carolina and assigned to one of six previously determined clusters. For each participant, we estimated annual PM2.5 exposure at their primary residence using a hybrid model with a 1 km2 resolution. We used logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status to assess cluster-specific associations with PM2.5 and to determine if there were interactions between cluster and PM2.5 on outcomes.

Results:
Compared with cluster 3 (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.82, 1.07; urban, low proportion of black individuals and high socioeconomic status), we observed greater associations between PM2.5 and hypertension in clusters 1 (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.50, P
int 0.03) and 2 (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.16–2.32, P
int 0.003), which were urban, high proportion of black individuals, and low socioeconomic status. PM2.5 was associated with MI (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.42) but not diabetes mellitus, regardless of cluster and was associated with CAD in cluster 3 (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.31) and overall (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.17).

Conclusion:
Areas of relative disadvantage have a stronger association between PM2.5 and hypertension compared with areas of relative advantage.
Effect of hysteroscopy before starting in-vitro fertilization for women with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Mao Xiaoyan , Wu Ling , Chen Qiuju , Kuang Yanping , Zhang Shaozhen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To study if hysteroscopy (HSC) before starting an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle improves IVF outcomes in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Methods:
The Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched using the following keywords until March 31, 2017: in-vitro fertilization; infertility; hysteroscopy; recurrence; embryo implantation; and pregnancy. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two-arm prospective studies, and retrospective studies were included.

Results:
Three RCTs, 3 nonrandomized prospective studies, and 2 retrospective cohort studies were included. The eligible studies included 3932 women with RIF: 1841 in the HSC group and 2091 in the control group. The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate was significantly higher in the HSC group compared with the control group (for clinical pregnancy rate, pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.30–2.07, P < 0.001; for implantation rate, pooled OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02–1.45, P = 0.025). The live birth rate (pooled OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.90–1.88, P = 0.168) and the miscarriage rate (pooled OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.66–1.35, P = 0.744) of the 2 groups were not statistically significantly.

Conclusions:
HSC improved the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rates, but failed to improve live birth rate and did not affect the miscarriage rate in women with RIF undergoing IVF. Since HSC plays a significant role in pregnancy and birth outcomes of women with RIF, further studies are warranted.
Be aware of the effects of glucocorticoids on SIADH
Authors: Li Huaqian , Huang Lijun , Wu Ge , Chen Xianmei , Zheng Qiaoan , Su Faming , Liang Maoshan , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders in clinic. Due to the complicated etiology and the nonspecific clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of hyponatremia is a complicated process. A variety of clinical disorders can cause inappropriately increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, leading to inappropriate water retention and consequent hyponatremia. The most common cause of hyponatremia in hospital inpatients is syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic (SIADH). The action of glucocorticoid against pituitary posterior lobe can reduce the secretion of ADH. However, the effect of hormone on diuretic hormone during treatment has been less reported.

Patient concerns and diagnosis:
The patient in this case report was misdiagnosed as anterior pituitary hypofunction because of the long-term glucocorticoid therapy was effective in this patient, and the patient was finally diagnosed as SIADH after reassessment. The patient is a 76-year-old male with long-term symptomatic hyponatremia after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The patient has been consistently diagnosed as anterior pituitary hypofunction. Based on the diagnosis, glucocorticoid replacement therapy was administered. The serum sodium of the patient gradually increased to normal level after hydrocortisone intravenous injection but dropped again after switch to hydrocortisone oral administration. Through examination and analysis of the patient status during the five-time hospitalization, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) was considered.

Interventions:
Water intake limitation and oral furosemide and antisterone were administered after glucocorticoid therapy was stopped.

Outcome:
The serum sodium level of the patient gradually increased and maintained within normal range based on his clinical follow-up.

Lessons:
For hyponatremia with effective glucocorticoid treatment, SIADH should still be excluded.