bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling CRISPR-Cas9 with ligand-activated and ligand-deactivated sgRNAs
Authors: Kundert Kale , Lucas James E. , Watters Kyle E. , Fellmann Christof , Ng Andrew H. , Heineike Benjamin M. , Fitzsimmons Christina M. , Oakes Benjamin L. , Savage David F. , El-Samad Hana , Doudna Jennifer A. , Kortemme Tanja 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe CRISPR-Cas9 system provides the ability to edit, repress, activate, or mark any gene (or DNA element) by pairing of a programmable single guide RNA (sgRNA) with a complementary sequence on the DNA target. Here we present a new method for small-molecule control of CRISPR-Cas9 function through insertion of RNA aptamers into the sgRNA. We show that CRISPR-Cas9-based gene repression (CRISPRi) can be either activated or deactivated in a dose-dependent fashion over a >10-fold dynamic range in response to two different small-molecule ligands. Since our system acts directly on each target-specific sgRNA, it enables new applications that require differential and opposing temporal control of multiple genes.
Managing millennials in the digital era: building a sustainable culture
Authors: Chillakuri Bharat , Mogili Ramanjaneyulu 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present strategies maximizing the millennial talent. The study focuses on finer aspects such as millennials interests, likes, risk tolerance level, and unhappiness at workplace. The paper also underlines that the generational differences in the workplace cannot be ignored but only has to be welcomed to build an organization that exhibits and promotes inclusive behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design adopted for the study is exploratory in nature. The research analysis is based on the information/data collected from the journal articles, newspapers, and the various conferences and majorly from in-person discussions with the HR heads.

Findings
Millennials engage in discussions with their age group and peers, who are like-minded. They often tend to exhibit intolerance with incompatible and thus avoid talking to older generation workforce in the organization. While confronting them, they like to challenge the status quo and go beyond the conventional way of doing things.

Research limitations/implications
The findings and the implications reflect the perspective of millennials employed in the services industry. Further research can focus on other industries especially in the manufacturing sector, where the scope of innovation and doing different is limited.

Practical implications
Millennials express very little loyalty when compared to the older generations. Further, they also feel that they are underutilized and have greater potential to do more. Organizations should take every effort that the older generations help the millennials in understanding the work, invest time in coaching and development of their leadership skills.

Originality/value
The study presents an alternative in managing the millennials thereby maximizing their talent in the workplace.
Occupational segregation and wage differences: the case of Poland
Authors: Strawinski Pawel , Majchrowska Aleksandra , Broniatowska Paulina 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation between occupational segregation and the gender wage differences using data on three-digit occupational level of classification. The authors examine whether a statistically significant relation between the share of men in employment and the size of the unexplained part of the gender wage gap exists.Design/methodology/approachTraditional Oaxaca (1973) – Blinder (1973) decomposition is performed to examine the differences in the gender wage gaps among minor occupational groups. Two types of reweighted decomposition – based on the parametric estimate of the propensity score and non-parametric proposition presented by Barskyet al.(2002) – are used as the robustness check. The analysis is based on individual data available from Poland.FindingsThe results indicate no strong relation between occupational segregation and the size of unexplained differences in wages. The unexplained wage differences are the smallest in strongly female-dominated and mixed occupations; the highest are observed in male-dominated occupations. However, they are probably to a large extent the result of other, difficult to include in the econometric model, factors rather than the effects of wage discrimination: differences in the psychophysical conditions of men and women, cultural background, tradition or habits. The failure to take them into account may result in over-interpreting the unexplained parts as gender discrimination.Research limitations/implicationsThe highest accuracy of the estimated gender wage gap is obtained for the occupational groups with a similar proportion of men and women in employment. In other male- or female-dominated groups, the size of the estimated gender wage gaps depends on the estimation method used.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that decreasing the degree of segregation of men and women in different occupations could reduce the wage differences between them, as the wage discrimination in gender balanced occupations is the smallest.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the few conducted at such a disaggregated level of occupations, and one of few studies focused on Central and Eastern European countries and the first one for Poland.
Networking as a marketing tool in small companies: a random and informal approach
Authors: Franco Mário 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the particularities of marketing in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), to try to understand how networking can influence the marketing activities implemented in this firm segment.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, the author decided on a qualitative approach and performed exploratory case studies of four SMEs in Portugal.

Findings
The results obtained show that the owners/managers of the SMEs studied here recognize the importance of marketing and networking, but have not yet implemented them in a structured way. In these SMEs, marketing is informal and reactive to market opportunities.

Practical implications
This study contributes to showing the importance of marketing in SMEs, providing more information and evidence about marketing in this firm sector, as well as about the owner/manager’s influence on the use of networking in marketing activities.

Originality/value
In spite of the opportunities associated with networking in SMEs, there is only limited empirical evidence of its importance in marketing activities. This holds particularly for the realm of SMEs.
Mired in deception: escalating an environmental disaster in Colombia
Authors: Contreras-Pacheco Orlando E. , Claasen Cyrlene 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze concealment and deception in self-defeating organizational crisis response strategies and the possible consequences of their adoption on a company’s reputation. It represents an example of where every guideline to address stakeholders after a crisis was dismissed.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper investigates a major environmental incident that took place in Colombia in 2013 and studies how the responsible company responded to the incident through the examination of company reports, media statements and national and international newspaper articles.

Findings
The analysis shows that in addition to environmental damage, the company’s reputation was affected by the way the company responded during this crisis.

Research limitations/implications
The outcomes highlight the importance of the manner in which a crisis response is managed, as these types of mistakes often aggravate reputational damage.

Practical implications
This paper is an invitation for companies to be quick, consistent and transparent with their responses when facing their stakeholders in moments of crisis. Not doing so may aggravate not only social but also economic and environmental impacts.

Originality/value
Contrary to other contributions on the subject, this study implies that a misleading crisis response, including concealment and deception, can be an even greater challenge to a company’s reputation than the crisis itself.
Glued laminated timber and steel beams
Authors: Hassan Osama A.B. , Johansson Christopher 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to compare glued laminated timber and steel beams with respect to structural design, manufacturing and assembly costs and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents structural design requirements in conformance with EN 1993: Eurocode 5 and Eurocode 3. With the help of these standards, expressions are derived to evaluate the design criteria of the beams. Based on the results of life-cycle analysis, the economic properties and environmental impact of the two types of beam are investigated. In this paper, the effect of beam span on the design values, costs and carbon dioxide emissions is analysed when investigating aspects of the structural design, economy and environmental impact. Different cross-sections are chosen for this purpose.

Findings
The study shows that the glued laminated (abbreviated as “glulam”) beams have a smaller tendency to lateral torsional buckling than the steel beams, and that they can be cheaper. From an environmental point of view, glulam beams are the more environmentally friendly option of the two beam materials. Furthermore, glulam beams may have a direct positive effect on the environment, considering the carbon storage capacity of the wood. The disadvantage of glued wood is that larger dimensions are sometimes required.

Research limitations/implications
Wind load and the effect of second-order effects have not been considered when analysing the static design. Only straight beams have been studied. Furthermore, the dynamic design of the beams has not been investigated, and the bearing pressure capacity of the supports has not been analyzed. We have investigated timber beams with a rectangular cross-section, and steel beams of rolled I-sections, known as “HEA profiles”. The cost analysis is based mainly on the manufacturing and assembly costs prevalent on the Swedish market. The only environmental impact investigated has been the emission of greenhouse gases. The design calculations are based on the European standards Eurocode 5 and Eurocode 3.

Practical implications
To achieve sustainability in construction engineering, it is important to study the environmental and economic consequences of the building elements. By combining these two effects with the technical design of buildings made of steel and/or timber, the concept of sustainable development can be achieved in the long run.

Social implications
The study concerns sustainability of building structures, which is an important of the sustainable development of the society.

Originality/value
The paper contains new information and will be useful to researchers and civil engineers.
A theoretical analysis of immigrant employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors in organizations
Authors: Chou Shih Yung 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model describing how immigrant employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) are influenced by their immigrant status. Additionally, this study attempts to explore the mediating role of perceived job mobility as well as the moderating role of organizational tenure in the relationship between immigrant status and OCBs.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual analysis was performed.FindingsDrawing upon social identity, self-categorization, and impression management theories, this study proposes the following. First, an immigrant employee’s perceived different categorization of employment and organizational status will have a negative impact on his or her challenge-oriented OCB. Second, an immigrant employee’s perceived categorization of employment and organizational status will have a positive impact on his or her affiliation-oriented OCB. Third, perceived job mobility mediates the relationship between the perceived different categorization of employment and organizational status and challenge- and affiliation-oriented OCBs of an immigrant employee. Finally, an immigrant employee’s organizational tenure weakens (or strengthens) the negative (or positive) impact of immigrant status on challenge-oriented (or affiliation-oriented) OCB.Originality/valueFrom a theoretical standpoint, this study provides a novel theoretical base that guides future research on immigrant employees’ OCBs in organizations. More importantly, this study offers recommendations that help maximize the effectiveness of immigrant employee’s OCBs.
Home away from home: community embeddedness and expatriate retention cognitions
Authors: Yunlu Dilek G. , Ren Hong , Mohler Fodchuk Katherine , Shaffer Margaret 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a model that examines the influences of expatriate community relationship building behaviors on community embeddedness and community embeddedness on expatriate retention cognitions. The authors further investigate the moderating role of organizational identification.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 127 expatriates in the USA were collected and analyzed. The authors used multiple (moderator) hierarchical regression analyses to test the hypotheses. In addition, simple slopes analyses were conducted to further understand the interaction effects.FindingsThe results demonstrate that community relationship building behaviors positively influence expatriate community embeddedness, and the latter is associated with stronger retention cognitions. In addition, the paper finds that, for individuals who have lower levels of organizational identification, community embeddedness is particularly important.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on cross-sectional and self-report data, which limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions about causality. Thus, more multi-source and longitudinal data from different expatriate populations would increase the validity and the generalizability of findings. The theory and empirical evidence indicate the importance of community embeddedness, particularly when organizational identification is low, for expatriates’ retention cognitions.Practical implicationsThis study examines the important role of community relationship building behaviors on community embeddedness, and the role of community embeddedness in expatriates’ intention to stay.Originality/valueThis paper integrates the unique view of personal resources associated with different social contexts (i.e. community and organizational contexts) in expatriate studies.
Knowledge retention and age management – senior employees’ experiences in a Swedish multinational company
Authors: Wikström Ewa , Eriksson Ellinor , Karamehmedovic Lejla , Liff Roy 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The focus of this study is on the knowledge retention process, including knowledge capture, knowledge codification and the internalising of knowledge in organisations – a key aspect of age management. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of the difficulties in this process to discuss implications for organizational measures to retain knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on field research on a Swedish multinational company from the perspective of senior employees.

Findings
The findings indicate that knowledge retention is a complex phenomenon, partly because valued knowledge is tacit and knowing is highly subjective and transferred through learning in collaboration with others in the process of undertaking assignments and acting together in work situations.

Research limitations/implications
Knowledge retention is considered only from the perspective of senior, white-collar employees in this study; it would be of interest to consider other employees’ perspectives as well. A second limitation is that the data were collected at a single site. It could be argued, however, that a single case study research format provides an opportunity to gain deep knowledge and allows for explanations about observed phenomena, thereby contributing towards transferable scientific knowledge.

Practical implications
Knowledge retention is hindered by focusing solely on senior workers and on an explicit and commodified view of knowledge.

Social implications
Knowledge retention should be an on-going way of working throughout the organization in which tacit knowledge and knowing are important.

Originality/value
This study shows the importance of considering knowledge and knowing retention as a matter of continual interaction between actors. Retention of tacit knowledge and knowing is not merely a matter of capturing and codifying knowledge. This study contributes to an understanding of the internalisation of tacit knowledge and knowing in continual interaction and cannot be preceded by a step-wise process.
Reforming the MBA: a survey of elite British universities
Authors: Stoten David William 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the response of British business schools to criticism levied against the MBA.Design/methodology/approachThe content of elite British MBAs was surveyed using web-based research. This followed the approach adopted by Navarro (2008) in his analysis of MBA curricula in the USA.FindingsThe findings suggest that there is significant innovation and diversity within British business schools as they search for more effective ways of preparing MBA students for senior management positions.Research limitations/implicationsThis survey was limited by the sample size of the top-10 MBAs in the UK. The results do provide an insight into the curriculum development that is occurring within elite institutions.Practical implicationsThis paper not only refutes much of the criticism of the MBA but also provides evidence of the evolution of the degree.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the body of research relating to the MBA as the premier qualification for senior managers. It details the progress made in the UK in making the degree fit for purpose.
The investigation of basic microfluidic elements in LTCC structures
Authors: Belavic Darko , Bradeško Andraž , Uršič Hana 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to design, fabricate and investigate low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) structures with integrated microfluidic elements. Special attention is paid to the study of fluid properties of micro-channels and microvalves, which are important constitutive parts of both, microfluidic systems and individual microfluidic devices.

Design/methodology/approach
Several test patterns of fluid channels with different geometry and different types of valves were designed and realized in LTCC technology. All test structures were tested under the flow of two fluids (liquids): water and isopropyl alcohol. Flow rates at different applied pressure were measured and hydrodynamic resistance and diode effect were calculated.

Findings
The investigation of the channels showed that viscosity of fluidic media has significant influence on the hydrodynamic resistance in channels with rectangular cross-section, while this effect is small on channels with square cross-section. The viscosity also has a decisive influence on the diode effect of different shape of valves, and therefore, it is important in the selection of the valve in practical applications.

Research limitations/implications
In this work, the investigation of hydrodynamic resistance of channels and diode effect of passive valves is limited on selected geometry and only on two fluidic media and two applied pressures. All these and some other parameters have a significant influence on fluidic properties, but this will be the topic of the next research work, which will be supported by numerical modelling.

Practical implications
The presented results are useful in the future designing process of LTCC-based microfluidic devices and systems.

Originality/value
Microfluidic in the LTCC structures is an unconventional use of this technology. Therefore, the fluid properties are relatively unsearched. On the other hand, the global use of microfluidic devices and systems is growing rapidly in various applications. They are mostly made by polymer materials, however, in more demanding applications; ceramic is a useful alternative.
Temperature transducer with frequency output made in LTCC technology
Authors: Potencki Jerzy , Tomaszewski Grzegorz , Wałach Tadeusz , Malikowski Witold 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to design a simple and cheap temperature transducer with frequency output with high measurement resolution in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology by using the distributed Resistance-Capacitance (RC) networks in high-pass filter configuration.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents the concept of elaboration of a transducer of temperature into frequency, its implementation in LTCC technology and test results. Construction and technological works are supported by a series of computer simulations of the process of indirect adjustment of the whole system.

Findings
The investigation results of the proposed and developed system have confirmed the correctness of the adopted concept, and the practical usefulness of an applied original method of indirect adjusting of the transducer.

Practical implications
The study contains practical and useful information about the principles of designing and manufacturing of the converters of the different physical quantities into frequency by using the elements with distributed parameters made in LTCC technology which was presented on the example of a temperature transducer.

Originality/value
The study presents the original solution of a simple transducer with the use of RC structures with distributed parameters made in LTCC technology and the idea of indirect adjustment of the elements to a desired value.
Food Packaging: A Comprehensive Review and Future Trends
Authors: Han Jia‐Wei , Ruiz‐Garcia Luis , Qian Jian‐Ping , Yang Xin‐Ting 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInnovations in food packaging systems will help meet the evolving needs of the market, such as consumer preference for “healthy” and high‐quality food products and reduction of the negative environmental impacts of food packaging. Emerging concepts of active and intelligent packaging technologies provide numerous innovative solutions for prolonging shelf‐life and improving the quality and safety of food products. There are also new approaches to improving the passive characteristics of food packaging, such as mechanical strength, barrier performance, and thermal stability. The development of sustainable or green packaging has the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of food packaging through the use of edible or biodegradable materials, plant extracts, and nanomaterials. Active, intelligent, and green packaging technologies can work synergistically to yield a multipurpose food‐packaging system with no negative interactions between components, and this aim can be seen as the ultimate future goal for food packaging technology. This article reviews the principles of food packaging and recent developments in different types of food packaging technologies. Global patents and future research trends are also discussed.