bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimasi Resiko Radiasi Janin pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi Pelvis
Authors: Maslebu Giner , Muninggar Jodelin , Hapsara Satriya Ary 
Published: July 2018

Sinar-X merupakan sumber radiasi pengion yang paling banyak digunakan untuk pemeriksaan diagnostik dalam aplikasi klinik. Radiasi pengion memang memberikan manfaat yang besar dalam pemeriksaan radiodiagnostik, namun paparan radiasi memiliki resiko yang berbahaya sehingga proteksi radiasi terhadap pasien atau pekerja di sekitar daerah smber radiasi perlu diperhatikan, terutama wanita hamil karena berdampak langsung kepada janin. Dalam penelitian digunakan pesawat radiologi planar dengan filter 2 mmAl, solid water phantom dengan ketebalan sebesar 20 cm yang merepresentasikan ketebalan Pelvis, dan Multimeter X-ray untuk pengukuran dosis x-ray pada Focus to Film Distance (FFD) berturut – turut adalah 100 cm, 110 cm, 120 cm, 130 cm, 140 cm dan 150 cm. Pada setiap FFD, digunakan tegangan mulai dari 70 kVp, 73 kVp, 77 kVp, 81 kVp, 85 kVp, 90 kVp hingga 96 kVp pada beban tabung 10 mAs. Penentuan estimasi dosis janin dilakukan dengan menggunakan program Fet.Dose V5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai faktor resiko radiasi terhadap janin sebanding dengan tegangan tabung (kVp) dan berbanding terbalik dengan jarak obyek ke sumber radiasi. Untuk satu kali iradiasi dengan pesawat sinar-x dengan pengaturan yang memungkinkan nilai faktor resiko radiasi tertinggi untuk janin diperoleh pada FFD 100 cm dan tegangan tabung 96 kVp sedangkan nilai faktor resiko radiasi terendah diperoleh saat FFD 150 cm dan tegangan tabung 70 kVp.
Evaluasi Isian Bahan Peledak Berdasarkan groundvibration Hasil PeledakanOverburdenpada PT Bina Sarana Sukses KecamatanSungai Raya Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rusmawarni Rusmawarni , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Riswan Riswan , Ferdinandus Ferdinandus 
Published: July 2018

PT Bina Sarana Sukses merupakan perusahaan kontraktor tambang batubara yang bekerja melayani operasi produksi untuk PT Antang Gunung Meratus di Pit Warute. Salah satu kegiatan penambangan adalah pengupasan lapisan penutup dengan cara pemboran dan peledakan. Indikator keberhasilan selain tercapainya target produksi peledakan, antara lain fragmentasi dan ground vibration. Dimana ukuran fragmen yang dihasilkan berpengaruh untuk proses penggalian overburden yang terledakkan yang mempengaruhi kinerja alat gali muat dengan tidak mengesampingkan getaran peledakan yang ditimbulkan. Geometri peledakan yang digunakan yaitu burden 8 m x spasi 9 m dengan kedalaman lubang bervariasi antara 5 m sampai 8 m. jarak pengukuran ground vibration 400 m sampai 600 m dari lokasi peledakan. Semakin besar jumlah isian bahan peledak yang digunakan semakin besar pula ground vibration yang dihasilkan, maka jumlah isian bahan peledak harus dikurangi untuk mengurangi ground vibration yang dihasilkan. Alat yang digunakan untuk pengukuran ground vibration adalah Minimate dari Instantel. Metode analisa hasil peledakan menggunakan analisa perbandingan dan regresi. Dari hasil analisa, didapatkan simulasi jumlah isian bahan peledak dengan nilai PPV yang disimulasikan sebesar 2 mm/s. Dengan menggunakan rumus scaled distance maka direkomendasikan jumlah isian bahan peledak pada jarak 400 sebesar 57,45 kg/lubang, jarak 450 m sebesar 72,71 kg/lubang, jarak 500 sebesar 89,76 kg/lubang dan jarak 600 m sebesar 129,26 kg/lubang. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan rumus propagation law maka dapat direkomendasikan jumlah isian bahan peledak pada jarak 400 m yaitu sebanyak 103,04 kg/delay, pada jarak 450 m yaitu sebanyak 130,41 kg/delay, pada jarak 500 m yaitu sebanyak 161 kg/delay dan pada jarak 600 m yaitu sebanyak 231,84 kg/delay.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KEBERADAAN PAMONG BELAJAR DAN PENILIK SUATU ANALISIS TERHADAP PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: Sumanto Sumanto 
Published: July 2018

Policy for non formal education educators and personnel program (pamong belajar and penilik) covered on national education regulations. The objective of this policy analysis is to find out the substance and consistency of policy implementation for non formal education educators and personnel (pamong belajar and penilik). This study analyse the national, provincial and district government level policy on nonformal education educators and personnel on national level. This study concludes that the policy of nonformal education not comprehensif educators and personnel in national, provincial and district lever are not yet consistent.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FASILITATIF UNTUK PENINGKATAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN KESETARAAN PAKET C
Authors: Hardika Hardika , Trisnamansyah Sutaryat 
Published: July 2018

This research intends to develop a facilitating instructional model which can improve learning creativity in accordance with the characteristics of learning participants, learning group and principles of learning of Package C equivalency education program. The development model was applied to two learning groups of Package C equivalency education program in the City and the District of Malang with a quasi experimental design. It can be concluded that a facilitating instructional model can effectively improve learners’ learning creativity on Package C equivalency education program.
KINERJA TUTOR DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN PAKET C
Authors: Adrianto Lambok Amran 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical data on tutor’s performance in managing instructional activities of Package C Program at Community Learning Activities Center (CLAC). The research was conducted at a CLAC in North Jakarta. The method employed was descriptive method with qualitative approach. The researcher made direct observation to the CLAC where Package C program was being implemented. To obtain valid and reliable data and information, the researcher also conducted in-depth interview. Based on the available data and information, the research concluded that according to the respondents’ opinion all tutors have conducted instructional process in the line with the existing standard procedures. The tutors make a good preparation before instructional process and they are capable enough to perform their tasks professionally. They have a good mastery of the instructional materials and sound ability to use appropriate instructional media to improve participants’ learning achievement. For a better result in the future, the tutors are suggested to be more proactive to develop their knowledge and skills related to their job.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAKSANAAN SISTEM AKUNTANSI INSTANSI
Authors: Handayati Sri , Sudjana Djudju 
Published: July 2018

The research, conducted from December 2009 through January 2010, aims at evaluating the training model for staff of Education Offices in Riau Islands Province to improve the implementation quality of institution accountancy system (IAS). The method used in this research was survey covering 45 staff members of Education Offices. Data were collected by questionnaire and interview and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Data analysis concludes that the existing training model suffers from weakness in its system, management, and evaluation. Further, it is recommended an alternative training model to be developed on the basis of staff's need in improving knowledge, skills, and attitude on the SAI implementation.
Analisis Usaha Tani dan Rantai Tata Niaga Kopi Robusta di Bengkulu
Authors: Listyati Dewi , Sudjarmoko Bedy , Hasibuan Abdul Muis , Randriani Enny 
Published: July 2018

<p><em>Coffee farming is economically important for farmers in Bengkulu and the demand/consumption is also increasing which prompted the government to promote its development to improve the community economy. This research aimed to find the economic contributions of coffee farming and a general overview of its marketing by survey method, conducted from May to August 2014 in Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu. Data were collected from 40 respondents (farmers, traders at village and district level, wholesalers, and exporters), analyzed by cross tabulations, which then explained descriptively. The result showed that coffee farming in Bengkulu provides reasonable revenue for farmers, which can reach up to IDR8,417,600.00/ha with a value of R/C ratio of 1.87 for Robusta coffee farmers. The coffee chain marketing of Robusta coffee involving farmers as producers, traders at village or subdistrict level as initial gatherers who sell to wholesalers. Coffee marketing in Bengkulu is fairly efficient with relatively low market margin and the producers receive more than 50%.</em></p>
Caracterização das internações por intoxicação medicamentosa, São Paulo, 2004 a 2006
Authors: De Oliveira Janessa de Fátima Morgado , Wagner Gabriela Arantes , Romano-Lieber Nicolina Silvana , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira 
Published: July 2018

Introdução: Os medicamentos representam um instrumento essencial para a capacidade resolutiva dos serviços de saúde por estarem associados a finalidades profiláticas, curativas, paliativas ou diagnósticas, mas sua grande utilização favorece o surgimento de problemas e riscos. As intoxicações são um exemplo e constituem um problema de saúde pública no país. Objetivo: As internações por intoxicação medicamentosa no município de São Paulo entre os anos 2004 e 2006 foram caracterizadas quanto à frequência em relação ao total de casos por faixa etária, sexo, tempo de internação, intenção e medicamentos envolvidos. Material e métodos: Os coeficientes de internação foram calculados segundo faixa etária e sexo. Resultados: O tempo total de internação para os casos estudados foi de 14.852 dias (média de 4,4 dias). A idade média dos internados foi de 33,5 anos, com maior frequência para mulheres (60,5%). Houve maior prevalência de intoxicações por benzodiazepínicos (7,5%) e antibióticos sistêmicos não especificados (7%). Os maiores coeficientes de internação foram observados entre idosos (≥ 70 anos) e sexo feminino em todos os anos de estudo. Conclusão: São necessárias ações para diminuição do número de casos de intoxicações entre idosos e mulheres (alta prevalência do uso de medicamentos), e para os jovens (tentativas de suicídio).Descritores: Admissão do Paciente; Hospitalização; Envenenamento; Preparações Farmacêuticas.
Recent Advances in Probiotics as Live Biotherapeutics Against Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Kota Rohini Krishna , Ambati Ranga Rao , Y.V.V. Aswani Kumar , Srirama Krupanidhi , Reddy Prakash Narayana 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a major cause of emergency department visits requiring
hospitalizations leading to considerable burden on global economy. Several factors contribute to the onset of
gastrointestinal diseases such as pathogens (parasites, bacteria, virus, toxins etc.), autoimmune disorders and
severe inflammation of intestine.

Objective:
One common feature among all these diseases is the dysentery and alteration of gut microbiota composition
(gut dysbiosis). Apart from conventional therapies such as antibiotics and ORS supplementation, gut microbiota
modulation with probiotic supplementation has emerged as a successful and healthy alternative in mitigating
GI diseases. In this review our goal is to discuss the causes of gastrointestinal diseases and the present state
of various therapeutic strategies such as probiotics as live biotherapeutics and Fecal Microbial Transplants
(FMT’s).

Conclusion:
Several reports and clinical trials point out to the beneficial effects of probiotics in modulating the
gut microbiota and improving the side effects of gastrointestinal diseases. Live biotherapeutics and FMT’s could
be suitable and successful alternatives to conventional therapies in mitigating the gastrointestinal pathogens.
Impacto de los catalizadores urbanos en la transformación de los Barrios Altos entre periodo de 1535 al 2015
Authors: Rincón Rodriguez Iris Guadalupe 
Published: July 2018

En el presente artículo se identifican los catalizadores urbanos ubicados en la zona denominada los Barrios Altos, en el Cercado de Lima, los cuales serán analizados y clasificados dentro del proceso evolutivo urbano que ha atravesado la zona, caracterizado por hechos históricos de carácter político, social, económico, cultural, arquitectónico, etc., que se da acorde a los periodos del proceso histórico-evolutivo que afronta la ciudad de Lima entre 1535 y 2015, y que dentro de la investigación son catalogados como procesos catalíticos que impactan en la transformación de dicha zona. Así, se consigue distinguir el impacto de los catalizadores urbanos a través del crecimiento urbano, y cómo estos han influido en la transformación de los Barrios Altos. Además, ello permite ofrecer una explicación de las características particulares de la zona de análisis, como la ausencia de una traza regular, su delimitación en función al proceso evolutivo, la simbología que representa la zona en el proceso de crecimiento urbano de la ciudad de Lima, y su conformación físico-territorial, generada por la adición de los sub-barrios existentes.
Breves notas sobre la destrucción del patrimonio arqueológico en los valles de la costa central durante el siglo XXI
Authors: Alvino Loli Jorge Carlos , Guzmán Juárez Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2018

Se presentan algunos registros inéditos respecto al patrimonio arquitectónico arqueológico que ha sufrido irreversibles daños desde principios del siglo XXI en los valles de la costa central, entre Chancay, Lurín, Chilca y Cañete. Los documentos son solo una muestra aleatoria de un acelerado proceso de destrucción, muchas veces ignorado, y que está teniendo lugar también en muchos otros sitios del territorio. Se trata de una reflexión acerca de la pérdida irreparable de una serie de conocimientos tecnológicos y simbólicos –que estuvieron plasmados en organizaciones espaciales, en diseños y edificios, y en expresiones gráficas complejas–, que remite a un olvido sistemático de parte del gobierno, que no ha podido articular la relación temporal y dinámica entre producción ancestral, comunidades y la idea de “desarrollo social” que se resiste a las lógicas de la sostenibilidad.
Zona de monumentos históricos Santiago de Querétaro. Una experiencia de gestión del patrimonio cultural en México
Authors: Guillén Alarcón Plinio 
Published: July 2018

La Zona de Monumentos Históricos Santiago de Querétaro (ZMHQ) es uno de los 10 centros históricos de México que ha sido inscrito en la lista de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO. Esta inscripción se logró a partir del desarrollo de un grupo de proyectos que buscaban la recuperación y conservación de este espacio, el cual contiene las huellas de una serie de hechos históricos relevantes en la formación de los Estados Unidos de México. En el marco de este proceso, con el aliciente de la nominación como Patrimonio Mundial, se hizo evidente la necesidad de una herramienta de gestión integral que permita la protección o, mejor aún, la revitalización de la ZMHQ. Sin embargo, la revisión de la bibliografía relacionada ha permitido concluir que este objetivo aún no ha sido alcanzado, a pesar de existir un marco normativo y de gestión que se ha desarrollado en los tres niveles de gobierno mexicano (federal, estatal y municipal). Las experiencias positivas y negativas para la gestión de la ZMHQ que han tenido lugar hasta ahora deben permitir rescatar una serie de aspectos importantes de gestión, que luego puedan servir para realizar evaluaciones en otros ámbitos territoriales, como el peruano.
Crónica de un objeto patrimonializado: El caso de las Murallas de Montevideo
Authors: Careaga Alonzo Adriana 
Published: July 2018

Desde tiempos inmemoriales el ser humano ha desarrollado estrategias de defensa de sus bienes materiales, que dan cuenta de las creencias que los sustentan y que en cierta forma han marcado el devenir histórico de sus pueblos. Por ello, para comprender el pasado de un grupo humano es necesario conocer las líneas de pensamiento que han desarrollado sus defensas. El caso que se presenta a continuación corresponde al sistema fortificado de la época colonial de la ciudad de Montevideo, más específicamente el llamado frente de tierra, puntualmente el objeto muralla y el proceso que ha atravesado desde ser invisible para la comunidad hasta tornarse en monumento histórico nacional. Se describe el proceso de recuperación de un lienzo de 13 metros de muralla, situado en un terreno privado, donde funcionó hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX una antigua fábrica de anilinas. A través de la puesta en valor este se convirtió en un espacio cultural llamado Al Pie de la Muralla, dedicado a la educación patrimonial desde su inauguración en 2004, destinado tanto a las jóvenes generaciones como a las mayores.
Bernardino Ojeda Enríquez
Authors: Hayakawa Casas José 
Published: July 2018

Egresado de la Facultad de Pedagogía, especialidad de Historia, y de la Facultad de Antropología y Arqueología de la Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC, 1962). Becado por la UNSAAC para participar en las investigaciones del Centro Arqueológico de Chavín de Huántar, Áncash (1961). Asimilado como técnico restaurador por el Patronato Regional de Arqueología, para realizar trabajos en la ciudadela de Machu Picchu y participar de la creación del Museo de Sitio junto con el Dr. Manuel Chávez Ballón (1962).
Moray: Enigma de la Ingeniería Incaica
Authors: Zubiate Edgar Rodrigo 
Published: July 2018

Este libro presenta una valiosa investigación respecto a la ingeniería civil incaica, en lo que resulta un aporte extraordinario a la formación de profesionales que tomen como base la herencia dejada por l os antiguos peruanos, y que contribuirá a que se sientan orgullosos del legado de sus obras de ingeniería.
KAJIAN EKONOMI PENUNDAAN BUKA SADAP SEBAGAI SOLUSI UNTUK MENGHADAPI HARGA KARET RENDAH
Authors: Agustina Dwi Shinta , Herlinawati Eva , Nugraha Iman Satra 
Published: July 2018

Abstrak Agribisnis karet saat ini sedang mengalami kondisi yang kurang menguntungkan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunnya harga karet beberapa tahun terakhir serta meningkatnya biaya produksi terutama biaya penyadapan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dan dapat menjadi suatu pemikiran adalah dengan melakukan penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet. Tulisan ini mengkaji penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan dua pendekatan yaitu: penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan merubah kriteria matang sadap pohon dari 45 cm menjadi 50 cm; dan penundaan buka sadap tanaman karet dengan merubah kriteria persentase matang sadap kebun. Analisis menggunakan data percobaan Lukman (1979; 1980), Samuel et al. (2012), Hendratno dan Amypalupy (2008), dan Nugraha et al. (2015). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penundaan buka sadap dengan merubah lilit batang dari 45 cm menjadi 50 cm dapat meningkatkan produktivitas per penyadap. Penundaan buka sadap hingga lilit batang mencapai 50 cm akan ekonomis dengan pemilihan klon yang memiliki produktivitas awal yang tinggi. Untuk menunda buka sadap dari lilit batang 45 cm menjadi 50 cm diperlukan waktu 6-12 bulan tergantung kerapatan tanaman dan jenis klon. Kriteria matang sadap kebun yang berbeda sesuai jenis klon dan perubahan harga masih menguntungkan secara ekonomis. Perlu kajian yang lebih luas mengenai penundaan buka sadap. Kata kunci: karet, buka sadap, penundaan Abstract Currently, agribusiness of rubber is experiencing unfavorable condition. This is due to the declining of rubber price in the last few years as well as increasing of cost of production especially the cost of tapping. An effort that could be done was by delaying the opening of rubber. This paper examines the delay in opening of rubber with two approaches, i.e. delaying of rubber opening by changing the criteria of tree maturity for tapping from 45 cm to 50 cm; and delaying of rubber opening by changing the criteria for the percentage of mature tree. Analysis was conducted using the data of Lukman (1979;1980), Samuel et al. (2012), Hendratno and Amypalupy (2008), and Nugraha et al. (2015). The results showed that the delay of opening by changing the girth of 45 cm to 50 cm could increase productivity per tapper. Delaying of opening until reaching the girth of 50 cm will be economical with the selection of clones that have high initial productivity. To delay opening from the girth of 45 cm to 50 cm took 6-12 months depending on the density of the plants and clones. Criteria of field tapping maturity to suit different types of clones and price changes are still economically viable. A broader study on the delaying of rubber opening was needed. Keywords: rubber, opening, delaying
CONFIGURAÇÕES DO DESENVOLVIMENTO EM DUAS NOVAS REGIÕES AUTOMOBILÍSTICAS: sul fluminense e Camaçari (BA)
Authors: Dulci João Assis 
Published: July 2018

A partir da década de 1990, o Brasil assistiu a uma nova onda de instalações industriais estrangeiras em seu território.
Com base em protocolos de atração, isenções e demais incentivos fiscais e locacionais, uma nova geografia do setor
automotivo se desenhou no Brasil. Se num primeiro momento percebeu-se uma desconcentração industrial, no
médio prazo, quando estados e municípios esgotaram suas capaci-dades de renúncia, e os benefícios infraestruturais
voltaram a ter relevância na escolha das montadoras, as opções pela localização final de novas indústrias passaram
a se repetir. No entanto, algumas das regiões beneficiadas pelo aporte de novas indústrias já abrigavam importantes
parques industriais, o que nos leva a refletir sobre a real participação da indústria automotiva no desenvolvimento
regional. Este trabalho visa, portanto, compreender a importância da indústria automotiva para o desenvolvimento
de duas regiões que, até a década de 1990, não abrigavam plantas automobilísticas: o Sul Fluminense e Camaçari,
na Região Metropolitana de Salvador. A partir de dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Empre-go e do Ministério do
Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio, busca-se mensurar a parcela de investi-mentos, renda e empregos que a
referida matriz produtiva carreou para cada região, de modo a respon-der à questão sobre sua importância como
vetor de desenvolvimento regional, jogando luz sobre os des-dobramentos desse processo.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento regional. Indústria automobilística. Sul Fluminense. Camaçari (BA).
Making Tax Havens Work: The Necessity of Tax Professionalism
Authors: Stuebs Martin T. , Whiteaker-Poe Helen (Janie) 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 overhauled the U.S. corporate tax system, lowering the statutory rate, exempting foreign earned income, and strengthening anti-abuse provisions. However, opportunities and incentives for abuse remain. Therefore, while developing tax policy is helpful, this paper posits that developing tax professionalism—not only tax policy—is needed. Efforts to reform tax policy should be balanced with efforts to develop and guard tax professionalism. Implementing tax policies in a flourishing tax system requires flourishing tax professionals. We develop theoretical and moral analyses to assess tax policy and tax professionalism approaches to tax reform. By targeting processes in the tax system, the tax policy approach attempts to influence practitioner behavior by restricting opportunities and incentives for corporate tax aggression. The tax professionalism approach recognizes that beneath efforts to influence behavior is a deeper, fundamental challenge to develop and protect tax professionals as reflexive agents capable of responsibly handling tax system opportunities and incentives. The tax professionalism approach focuses on persons in the tax system—not processes. This paper draws attention to the limitations of the tax policy approach and to the complementary need for the tax professionalism approach and proposes practical approaches to developing tax professionalism.