bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of TNFα inhibitors in the treatment of non-infectious ocular inflammation: an 8-year prospective surveillance study
Authors: Sharma Srilakshmi M , Damato Erika , Hinchcliffe Ann E , Andrews Colm D , Myint Katie , Lee Richard , Dick Andrew D 
Published: March 2019

Background/AimTo report the efficacy and tolerability of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy (TNF inhibitors [TNFi]) in the management of non-infectious ocular inflammation, including uveitis and scleritis, in adult patients over an 8-year period.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective cohort study of infliximab and adalimumab in the treatment of non-infectious ocular inflammatory disease. 43 of 85 adult patients on TNFi (34 infliximab, 9 adalimumab) for ≥1 year with non-infectious uveitis or scleritis were followed from 2006 to 2014. Clinical assessments, medication, adverse events and history of steroid rescues were collected at 6 monthly intervals. General quality of life (Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)) and visual quality of life (Vision-related quality of life Core Measure (VCM1)) were assessed annually. Outcome measures included rate of sustained remission, rate of relapse, systemic corticosteroid reduction, adverse events, and VCM1 and SF-36 scores.ResultsThe median time on infliximab was 3.2 years (IQR 4.3) and on adalimumab was 2.4 years (IQR 1.8). Sustained remission was induced in 39 patients (91%) (0.5 per patient year) after a median of 1.2 years on a TNFi. 22 (51%) experienced one relapse, and 5 (12%) had two relapses. 23 (54%) had at least one adverse event; serious adverse events necessitating hospitalisation or cessation of medication occurred in four (9%) patients. 10 patients (23%) switched from the initiation of TNFi, at 1.7 years after starting, to another TNFi or another class of biologic therapy.ConclusionTNFi treatment is associated with long-term drug-induced remission of ocular inflammation, visual stability and corticosteroid reduction. Adverse events were common and no new safety signals occurred. Relapse of inflammation occurs in half of the treated population.
SNP located in an AluJb repeat downstream of TMCO1, rs4657473, is protective for POAG in African Americans
Authors: Verkuil Lana , Danford Ian , Pistilli Maxwell , Collins David W , Gudiseva Harini V , Trachtman Ben T , He Jie , Rathi Sonika , Haider Naqi , Ying Gui-shuang , Chavali Venkata R M , O'Brien Joan Marie 
Published: March 2019

AimsTo determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) downstream from the TMCO1 gene with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in African Americans (AA).MethodsAA subjects were recruited for the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study from the Scheie Eye Institute and its satellite sites in Philadelphia. A region containing an AluJb repeat and seven SNPs, including rs4656461 near the TMCO1 gene, were PCR-Sanger sequenced from POAAGG cases (n=1537) and controls (n=1570). Association between POAG and SNPs near TMCO1 was investigated by logistic regression analysis. Phenotypic trait associations with these SNPs were assessed by analysis of variance. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to assess the affinity of human T-box 5 (TBX5) protein for a predicted binding motif in the TMCO1 region. Dual Luciferase assays were performed by transfecting recombinant plasmids containing the region surrounding the above SNPs in HEK293T and trabecular meshwork cells.ResultsThe SNP rs4657473 (C>T) was associated with POAG; the TT genotype was protective (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.42; p<0.001). No significant associations were found between the TMCO1 variants and phenotypic traits. EMSA confirmed the affinity of TBX5 for a predicted binding motif containing TMCO1 SNP rs4657475. Luciferase assays demonstrated a regulatory function for the genomic region around SNP rs4656561, located within AluJb repeat.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that a SNP downstream of TMCO1, rs4657473, is associated with POAG in an AA population. Our studies suggest a regulatory role for the previously POAG-associated locus near the TMCO1 gene that may affect gene expression.
Precision exercise medicine: understanding exercise response variability
Authors: Ross Robert , Goodpaster Bret H , Koch Lauren G , Sarzynski Mark A , Kohrt Wendy M , Johannsen Neil M , Skinner James S , Castro Alex , Irving Brian A , Noland Robert C , Sparks Lauren M , Spielmann Guillaume , Day Andrew G , Pitsch Werner , Hopkins William G , Bouchard Claude 
Published: March 2019

There is evidence from human twin and family studies as well as mouse and rat selection experiments that there are considerable interindividual differences in the response of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and other cardiometabolic traits to a given exercise programme dose. We developed this consensus statement on exercise response variability following a symposium dedicated to this topic. There is strong evidence from both animal and human studies that exercise training doses lead to variable responses. A genetic component contributes to exercise training response variability.In this consensus statement, we (1) briefly review the literature on exercise response variability and the various sources of variations in CRF response to an exercise programme, (2) introduce the key research designs and corresponding statistical models with an emphasis on randomised controlled designs with or without multiple pretests and post-tests, crossover designs and repeated measures designs, (3) discuss advantages and disadvantages of multiple methods of categorising exercise response levels—a topic that is of particular interest for personalised exercise medicine and (4) outline approaches that may identify determinants and modifiers of CRF exercise response. We also summarise gaps in knowledge and recommend future research to better understand exercise response variability.
Integrated management of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes within multi-morbidity conditions in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Mutabazi Jean Claude , Werfalli Mahmoud M , Rawat Angeli , Musa Ezekiel , Norris Shane A , Murphy Katherine , Trottier Helen , Levitt Naomi , Zarowsky Christina 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionMulti-morbidity, defined as the co-existence of more than one chronic condition in one person, has been increasing due to comorbid non-communicable and infectious chronic diseases (CNCICDs). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidences within the CNCICDs conditions are increasing and overwhelming already weak and under-resourced healthcare systems in Africa. There is then an urgent need for the integrated management of CNCICDs. We aim to review the integrated management of T2D and GDM within multi-morbidity conditions in Africa.MethodsStudies that have assessed the integrated management of T2D and GDM within multi-morbidity conditions in Africa will be considered based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome method: population (adult diagnosed with T2D and GDM, who also have other diseases, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and infectious, in public primary and secondary healthcare facilities in Africa); Intervention (integrated management of T2D and GDM, also suffering from other diseases in Africa), Comparator (Unintegrated management of T2D and GDM in Africa) and Outcomes (integrated management of T2D and GDM in Africa). The following databases Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed and SCOPUS, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, among others will be searched. Two reviewers (JCM and MW) will independently screen, select eligible studies and extract data. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or by a discussion with the third author (AR). Quality of included studies will be assessed using both the newly developed tool, ‘the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool’ and ‘Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I)”. A narrative synthesis of extracted data and meta-analysis, if necessary will be conducted and then reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis.Ethics consideration and disseminationBy only using the published data, there is no ethics approval required for this study. This systematic review will be included in JCM’s PhD thesis and its findings will also be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016046630.
Influence of individual life course and neighbourhood socioeconomic position on dietary intake in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Gao Yan , Hickson DeMarc A , Talegawkar Sameera , Norwood Arnita Ford , Tucker Katherine L , Sims Mario , Diez Roux Ana V , Griswold Michael 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveAfrican Americans, especially those in the Southeastern USA, have different dietary behaviours from the general US population, and have the highest prevalence, incidence and mortality of diet-related disease outcomes, such as cardiovascular disease. However, there are scant data regarding factors such as socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course that influence dietary behaviours in this high-risk population. Our aim was to examine the impact of life course and neighbourhood SEPs on dietary intake among African Americans.Participants and settingData for this cross-sectional analysis came from the community-based Jackson Heart Study (JHS). We analysed a total of 3948 JHS participants (mean age: 55.4±12.5; 63.9% women), who had complete dietary intake and covariate information.MethodsWe examined the associations of childhood SEP (CSEP), adulthood SEP (ASEP) and neighbourhood SEP (NSEP) with 10 selected dietary intake measures, using multilevel log-gamma generalised linear regression models.Outcome measuresDietary intake measures include daily saturated fat, sodium, protein, fibre, fruits and vegetables, whole grains, sugar-sweetened beverage, nuts, fish and processed meat.ResultsIn age, sex and total energy intake adjusted models, most dietary intakes were associated with these three SEP measures. After additional adjustment for other SEP measures, most of the significant associations with CSEP and NSEP were attenuated, except for the associations of fibre with CSEP (relative rate [RR] [95% CI] 1.05 [1.00–1.10]) and whole grains with NSEP (RR [95% CI] 1.28 [1.02–1.61]). The associations (shown as RR [95% CI]) between ASEP and sugar-sweetened beverage: 0.70 (0.59–0.83), processed meat: 0.75 (0.63–0.90), sodium: 0.99 (0.94–1.00), fibre: 1.10 (1.03–1.16), protein: 1.05 (1.01–1.09), fruits and vegetables: 1.21 (1.11–1.32), nuts: 2.13 (1.59–2.87), and fish: 1.57 (1.27–1.95) generally persisted after additional adjustment for both CSEP and NSEP. However, the association between ASEP and whole grains was attenuated.ConclusionsHigh ASEP may have a more beneficial influence on dietary practices in African Americans than CSEP or NSEP.
Association between access to social service resources and cardiometabolic risk factors: a machine learning and multilevel modeling analysis
Authors: Berkowitz Seth A , Basu Sanjay , Venkataramani Atheendar , Reznor Gally , Fleegler Eric W , Atlas Steven J 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesInterest in linking patients with unmet social needs to area-level resources, such as food pantries and employment centres in one’s ZIP code, is growing. However, whether the presence of these resources is associated with better health outcomes is unclear. We sought to determine if area-level resources, defined as organisations that assist individuals with meeting health-related social needs, are associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk factors.DesignCross-sectional.SettingData were collected in a primary care network in eastern Massachusetts in 2015.Participants and primary and secondary outcome measures123 355 participants were included. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI). The secondary outcomes were systolic blood pressure (SBP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). All participants were included in BMI analyses. Participants with hypertension were included in SBP analyses. Participants with an indication for cholesterol lowering were included in LDL analyses and participants with diabetes mellitus were included in HbA1c analyses. We used a random forest-based machine-learning algorithm to identify types of resources associated with study outcomes. We then tested the association of ZIP-level selected resource types (three for BMI, two each for SBP and HbA1c analyses and one for LDL analyses) with these outcomes, using multilevel models to account for individual-level, clinic-level and other area-level factors.ResultsResources associated with lower BMI included more food resources (−0.08 kg/m2per additional resource, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.03 kg/m2), employment resources (−0.05 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.002 kg/m2) and nutrition resources (−0.07 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.01 kg/m2). No area resources were associated with differences in SBP, LDL or HbA1c.ConclusionsAccess to specific local resources is associated with better BMI. Efforts to link patients to area resources, and to improve the resources landscape within communities, may help reduce BMI and improve population health.
Lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient adults (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)
Authors: Rivero-Calle Irene , Cebey-López Miriam , Pardo-Seco Jacobo , Yuste José , Redondo Esther , Vargas Diego A , Mascarós Enrique , Díaz-Maroto Jose Luis , Linares-Rufo Manuel , Jimeno Isabel , Gil Angel , Molina Jesus , Ocaña Daniel , Martinón-Torres Federico 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionInformation about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) risk in primary care is limited. We assess different lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors (RF) for CAP in adults in primary care.MethodsA retrospective-observational-controlled study was designed. Adult CAP cases diagnosed at primary care in Spain between 2009 and 2013 were retrieved using the National Surveillance System of Primary Care Data (BiFAP). Age-matched and sex-matched controls were selected by incidence density sampling (ratio 2:1). Associations are presented as percentages and OR. Binomial regression models were constructed to avoid bias effects.Results51 139 patients and 102 372 controls were compared. Mean age (SD) was 61.4 (19.9) years. RF more significantly linked to CAP were: HIV (OR [95% CI]: 5.21 [4.35 to 6.27]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2.97 [2.84 to 3.12]), asthma (2.16 [2.07,2.26]), smoking (1.96 [1.91 to 2.02]) and poor dental hygiene (1.45 [1.41 to 1.49]). Average prevalence of any RF was 82.2% in cases and 69.2% in controls (2.05 [2.00 to 2.10]). CAP rate increased with the accumulation of RF and age: risk associated with 1RF was 1.42 (1.37 to 1.47) in 18–60-year-old individuals vs 1.57 (1.49 to 1.66) in >60 years of age, with 2RF 1.88 (1.80 to 1.97) vs 2.35 (2.23, 2.48) and with ≥ 3 RF 3.11 (2.95, 3.30) vs 4.34 (4.13 to 4.57).DiscussionPrevalence of RF in adult CAP in primary care is high. Main RFs associated are HIV, COPD, asthma, smoking and poor dental hygiene. Our risk stacking results could help clinicians identify patients at higher risk of pneumonia.
Porphyromonas, a potential predictive biomarker ofPseudomonas aeruginosapulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Keravec Marlène , Mounier Jérôme , Guilloux Charles-Antoine , Fangous Marie-Sarah , Mondot Stanislas , Vallet Sophie , Gouriou Stéphanie , Le Berre Rozenn , Rault Gilles , Férec Claude , Barbier Georges , Lepage Patricia , Héry-Arnaud Geneviève 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosapulmonary infections are the primary cause of morbi-mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this cohort study, the objective was to identify candidate biomarkers ofP. aeruginosainfection within the airway microbiota.MethodsA 3-year prospective multicentre study (PYOMUCO study) was conducted in Western France and included patients initiallyP. aeruginosafree for at least 1 year. A 16S-targeted metagenomics approach was applied on iterative sputum samples of a first set of patients (n=33). The composition of airway microbiota was compared according to theirP. aeruginosastatus at the end of the follow-up (colonised vs non-colonised), and biomarkers associated withP. aeruginosawere screened. In a second step, the distribution of a candidate biomarker according to the two groups of patients was verified by qPCR on a second set of patients (n=52) coming from the same cohort and its load quantified throughout the follow-up.ResultsPorphyromonas(mainlyP. catoniae) was found to be an enriched phylotype in patients uninfected byP. aeruginosa(p<0.001). This result was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Conversely, in patients who becameP. aeruginosa-positive,P. catoniaesignificantly decreased beforeP. aeruginosaacquisition (p=0.014).DiscussionFurther studies on replication cohorts are needed to validate this potential predictive biomarker, which may be relevant for the follow-up in the early years of patients with CF. The identification of infection candidate biomarkers may offer new strategies for CF precision medicine.
Rib fractures in the elderly: physiology trumps anatomy
Authors: Schmoekel Nathan , Berguson Jon , Stassinopoulos Jerry , Karamanos Efstathios , Patton Joe , Johnson Jeffrey L 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionRib fractures in elderly patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Predicting which patients are at risk for complications is an area of debate. Current models use anatomic, physiologic or laboratory parameters in isolation to answer this question. The ‘RibScore’ is an anatomic model that assesses fracture severity. Given that frailty is a major driver of adverse outcomes in the elderly, we hypothesize that the combined analysis of fracture severity, physiologic reserve and current pulmonary function are better predictors of respiratory compromise in this population.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of 263 trauma patients age ≥55 from January 2014 to June 2017. Criteria included blunt mechanism and ≥ 1 rib fracture identified by CT. Variables indicating adverse pulmonary outcomes were defined by: pneumonia, respiratory failure and tracheostomy. Three models were assessed: (1) RibScore, (2) Modified Frailty Index (mFI) and (3) initial partial pressure of carbondioxide (PaCO2).ResultsA total of 263 patients met inclusion criteria. 13% developed pulmonary complications. Increased RibScore, mFI and PaCO2were each statistically associated with risk of complications. Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve analysis of individual models predicted complications with the following concordance statistic (CS): anatomic (RibScore) yielded a CS of 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.89); physiologic (mFI) yielded a CS of 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.91) and laboratory (PaCO2) yielded a CS of 0.88 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.95). The PaCO2had the highest discriminative ability of the three individual models. Combining all three models yielded the best performance with a CS of 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.97).DiscussionThe RibScore maintains discriminative ability in the elderly. However, models based on mFI and PaCO2individually outperform the RibScore. A combination of all three models yields the highest discriminative ability. This combined approach is best for assessing the severity of rib fractures and prediction of complications in the elderly.Level of evidencePrognostic Study, Level III.
An ElGamal-like Secure Channel Free Public Key Encryption with Keyword Search Scheme
Authors: Hwang Min-Shiang , Lee Cheng-Chi , Hsu Shih-Ting 
Published: March 2019

The idea of public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS), proposed by Boneh et al., enables one to send a trapdoor containing a encrypted keyword to query data without revealing the keyword. In Boneh et al.’s design, the trapdoor has to be transferred through a secure channel, which is both costly and inefficient. Baek et al. then proposed an efficient secure channel free public key encryption scheme with keyword search (SCF-PEKS). After that, vast amounts of research have focused on the protection against the off-line keyword guessing attack (OKGA) by enhancing the model. However, most of the PEKS/SCF-PEKS schemes developed so far are constructed by applying bilinear pairing and are susceptible to off-line keyword guessing attacks. In this paper, we propose a new SCF-PEKS scheme based on the ElGamal cryptosystem. The proposed scheme is not only secure against off-line keyword guessing attacks but also improves the efficiency.
Explicit Communication Among Stigmergic Robots
Authors: Dieudonné Yoann , Dolev Shlomi , Petit Franck , Segal Michael 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we investigate avenues for the exchange of information (explicit communication) among deaf and mute mobile robots scattered in the plane. We introduce the use of movement-signals (analogously to flight signals and bees waggle) as a mean to transfer messages, enabling the use of distributed algorithms among robots. We propose one-to-one deterministic movement protocols that implement explicit communication among semi-synchronous robots. We first show how the movements of robots can provide implicit acknowledgment in semi-synchronous systems. We use this result to design one-to-one communication among a pair of robots. Then, we propose two one-to-one communication protocols for any system of [Formula: see text] robots. The former works for robots equipped with observable IDs that agree on a common direction (sense of direction). The latter enables one-to-one communication assuming robots devoid of any observable IDs or sense of direction. All protocols (for either two or any number of robots) assume that no robot remains inactive forever. However, they cannot avoid that the robots move either away or closer to each others, by the way requiring robots with an infinite visibility. In this paper, we also present how to overcome these two disadvantages (some activity of every robot and infinite visibility). Our protocols enable the use of distributing algorithms based on message exchanges among swarms of stigmergic robots. They also allow robots to be equipped with the means of communication to tolerate faults in their communication devices.
Magnetic manipulation on the unlabeled nonmagnetic particles
Authors: He Yongqing , Luo Laan , Huang Shuang 
Published: March 2019

This paper reports two basic microfluidic strategies for the magnetic manipulation of unlabeled nonmagnetic particles/cells. One is the deflection induced by a single magnet, and the other is the confusing effect produced by two magnets of opposite polarity. They can be combined into more completed particle manipulations like continuous flow separation, counting and detection, which are essential steps in biomedical applications. We experimentally studied the dynamics of 10.4 and 20 [Formula: see text]m nonmagnetic polystyrene particles within a flow rate range of 30, 50, 70 and 90 [Formula: see text]L/min in a straight channel. We defined the cross-section length that the particles occupy as the “particle bandwidth” to characterize the extent of deflection and focusing. To predict the trajectories of the particles, we established a simple theoretical model by considering the magnetic force and viscous drag force. Compared with the experimental results, the maximum deviation of the simulation is 9.28%. The influences of magnetic nanoparticle concentration, magnetic field parameters, size of microparticles and flow rate are systematically investigated. We also demonstrated that the effective deflection and focusing could be realized at low Fe3O4 nanoparticle concentrations, which means that this method can reduce the damage on cells in the practical applications.