bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Divergence in the Hydrogenative Synthesis of Furans and Butenolides: Ruthenium Carbenes Formed by gem‐Hydrogenation or through Carbophilic Activation of Alkynes
Authors: Peil Sebastian , Fürstner Alois 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnynes with a tethered carbonyl substituent are converted into substituted furan derivatives upon hydrogenation using [Cp*RuCl]4 as the catalyst. Paradoxically, this transformation can occur along two distinct pathways, each of which proceeds via discrete pianostool ruthenium carbenes. In the first case, hydrogenation and carbene formation are synchronized (“gem‐hydrogenation”), whereas the second pathway comprises carbene formation by carbophilic activation of the triple bond, followed by hydrogenative catalyst recycling. Representative carbene intermediates of either route were characterized by X‐ray crystallography; the structural data prove that the attack of the carbonyl group on the electrophilic carbene center follows a Bürgi–Dunitz trajectory.
Polymeric injectable fillers for cosmetology: Current status, future trends, and regulatory perspectives
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhao Wanlu , Zhang Kai , Lin Hai , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTInjectable fillers have become a vital part of cosmetology. A wide variety of injectable fillers are developed for either correction of facial wrinkles and folds or facial contouring. As the most popular filler products, polymeric injectable fillers represent a class of the most common implantable medical devices. This review is intended to not only present current filler products, but also share perspectives of future trends, development processes, and regulatory considerations for the next generation of fillers. First, currently approved polymeric injectable fillers are described in detail. Second, future trends of polymeric injectable fillers are discussed. Fillers based on the emerging technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with stimuli‐responsive or tunable properties, as well as device/drug combination products, are promising candidates. Third, fillers for cosmetology are different from traditionally recognized medical devices. As a result, the target population of such fillers is different from that of other implantable devices, leading to different user needs that impact their development processes. Last, product applications, regulatory requirements, device evaluation, characteristics, and difficulties for regulating filler products for minimally invasive cosmetology are reviewed. Both regulatory science and scientific supervision are needed for polymeric injectable fillers which are facing great opportunities as well as challenges. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48515.
The Application of Dioxygenase‐Based Chemoenzymatic Processes to the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Lan Ping , Ye Sebastian , Banwell Martin G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis Minireview describes the exploitation of certain enzymatically derived, readily accessible, and enantiomerically pure cis‐1,2‐dihydrocatechols as starting materials in the chemical synthesis of a range of biologically active natural products, most notably sesquiterpenoids and alkaloids.
Does in vitro fertilization affect the expression of miRNAs and their biogenesis pathway in preimplantation mouse embryos?
Authors: Azizi Elham , Ghaffari Novin Marefat , Naji Mohammad , Amidi Fardin , Shams Mofarahe Zahra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn vitro fertilization (IVF) is a well‐accepted procedure which has been utilized for the treatment of infertile patients. As embryos at early stages of development are very vulnerable, the IVF conditions may influence genetic and epigenetic regulation of preimplantation mouse embryo.MethodsWe assessed the effect of IVF on the expression of developmental and implantation related miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐93, miR‐24, and let‐7a), their common presumptive target (Stat3), and miRNA biogenesis pathway genes (Drosha, Dgcr8, Exportin‐5, Dicer, and Ago2). in vivo 8‐cell and blastocysts were compared to IVF embryos. Expression levels of miRNAs, Stat3, and miRNA biogenesis pathway genes were evaluated by qRT‐PCR in in vivo (n = 8) and IVF (n = 4) embryos.ResultsThe expression levels of let‐7a and Stat3 were significantly reduced in IVF blastocyst when compared with in vivo (p = .004 and p = .009, respectively). Nevertheless, the IVF procedure did not influence the expression levels of miRNA biogenesis pathway components in 8‐cell and blastocyst embryos.ConclusionsDownregulation of let‐7a and developmental related transcription factor, Stat3, in IVF mouse blastocysts may affect preimplantation development and implantation of embryos. Moreover, the genes of the miRNA biogenesis pathway were not changed in preimplantation mouse embryos through the IVF procedure.
Multiorgan microfluidic platform with breathable lung chamber for inhalation or intravenous drug screening and development
Authors: Miller Paula G. , Chen Chen‐Yu , Wang Ying I. , Gao Emily , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEfficient and economical delivery of pharmaceuticals to patients is critical for effective therapy. Here we describe a multiorgan (lung, liver, and breast cancer) microphysiological system (“Body‐on‐a‐Chip”) designed to mimic both inhalation therapy and/or intravenous therapy using curcumin as a model drug. This system is “pumpless” and self‐contained using a rocker platform for fluid (blood surrogate) bidirectional recirculation. Our lung chamber is constructed to maintain an air‐liquid interface and contained a “breathable” component that was designed to mimic breathing by simulating gas exchange, contraction and expansion of the “lung” using a reciprocating pump. Three cell lines were used: A549 for the lung, HepG2 C3A for the liver, and MDA MB231 for breast cancer. All cell lines were maintained with high viability (>85%) in the device for at least 48 hr. Curcumin is used to treat breast cancer and this allowed us to compare inhalation delivery versus intravenous delivery of the drug in terms of effectiveness and potentially toxicity. Inhalation therapy could be potentially applied at home by the patient while intravenous therapy would need to be applied in a clinical setting. Inhalation therapy would be more economical and allow more frequent dosing with a potentially lower level of drug. For 24 hr exposure to 2.5 and 25 µM curcumin in the flow device the effect on lung and liver viability was small to insignificant, while there was a significant decrease in viability of the breast cancer (to 69% at 2.5 µM and 51% at 25 µM). Intravenous delivery also selectively decreased breast cancer viability (to 88% at 2.5 µM and 79% at 25 µM) but was less effective than inhalation therapy. The response in the static device controls was significantly reduced from that with recirculation demonstrating the effect of flow. These results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of constructing a multiorgan microphysiological system with recirculating flow that incorporates a “breathable” lung module that maintains an air‐liquid interface.
Incidence and risk factors of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm metastasis in liver, lung, bone, and brain: A population‐based study
Authors: Zheng Zhibo , Chen Chuyan , Jiang Lingjuan , Zhou Xingtong , Dai Xiaoyan , Song Yimin , Li Yongning 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine neoplasm is a rare solid tumor. Metastatic pattern of the gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm (GI‐NEN) has not been fully explored.MethodsData were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (SEER‐9 registry) from 1973 to 2015. Incidence was estimated by Joinpoint regression analyses. Data with additional treatment fields of GI‐NEN were extracted from the SEER‐18 registry from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015. A total of 14 685 GI‐NEN patients were included in this study. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 25.0, the Intercooled Stata SE 15.0, and GraphPad Prism 7.ResultsIncidence of GI‐NENs increased from 0.51 per 100 000 patients in 1973 to 6.20 per 100 000 patients in 2015. Of them, 2003 patients were stage IV GI‐NEN at the time of diagnosis, including 1459 (72.84%) patients with liver metastasis, 144 (7.19%) lung metastasis, 115 (5.74%) bone metastasis, and 27 (1.35%) brain metastasis. Esophageal NEN had the highest risk of metastasis (52.68%). The median survival for patients with liver, lung, bone, and brain metastasis was 38, 6, 9, and 2 months, respectively. The presence of lung or liver metastasis indicated higher risk of concurrent existence of bone and brain metastasis than those without.ConclusionBone and brain metastasis should be screened in the GI‐NEN patients if they had lung or liver metastasis. Findings of the current study could help clinicians to identify distant metastasis of GI‐NENs as early as possible, and by which, to improve survival rate of GI‐NENs.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Aminothiazole Derivatives as Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Sun Chiyu , Zhang Ying , Lin Lin , Liu Shuyuan , Wang Rui , Zang Wei , Meng Weijia , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA series of aminothiazole derivatives bearing the benzimidazole moiety were synthesized and evaluated in Gli luciferase reporter assays. Lead optimization led to the discovery of potent hedgehog pathway antagonist 18 (2‐[3‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)‐4‐chloroanilino]‐N‐[4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐1,3‐thiazole‐4‐carboxamide), with IC50 values in nanomolar range. The molecular basis ascribed to hindering sonic hedgehog‐driven Smoothened (Smo) localization within the primary cilium (PC). Moreover, compound 18 inhibited Gli1 mRNA expression in mutant Smo cell line and displayed moderate cytotoxicity against DAOY cancer cell.
Anti‐Lipid Peroxidation, α‐Glucosidase and α‐Amylase Inhibitory Effects of the Extract of Capitula of Coreopsis tinctoriaNutt. and Protection Effects on High‐Fat/High‐Sugar and Streptozotocin‐Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Mice
Authors: Zhang Yushan , Luo Li , Li Zuoming , Li Huifang , Yao Xincheng , Luo Ruiling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoreopsis tinctoria capitula (CTC) of the Compositae family has been used traditionally to treat various diseases in China, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the anti‐lipid peroxidation, α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory effects of CTC extracts, and analyzed its chemical composition by HPLC. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and protection effects of CTC extracts were investigated on high‐fat/high‐sugar and streptozotocin‐induced T2DM mice. In vitro study, the ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and butanol extract (BE) of CTC exhibited anti‐lipid peroxidation (IC50: BHA>BE or EAE>ascorbic acid, p<0.05) and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50: BE>EAE, p<0.05). In vivo, the BE at the dose of 600 mg/kg was intragastrically given to T2DM mice, which exhibited a certain extent of repair and improvement of the levels of CAT, GSH, GSH‐PX, SOD, as well as plasma biomarkers, compared with those in the model group (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that CTC extracts have a positive effect to treat T2DM and it can be used for the treatment of T2DM in the future.
Use of 3D rotational angiography to perform computational fluid dynamics and virtual interventions in aortic coarctation
Authors: Armstrong Aimee K. , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Itu Lucian M. , Benson Lee N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to analyze blood flow and to predict hemodynamic outcomes after interventions for coarctation of the aorta and other cardiovascular diseases. We report the first use of cardiac 3‐dimensional rotational angiography for CFD and show not only feasibility but also validation of its hemodynamic computations with catheter‐based measurements in three patients.
Implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitoring device in patients with palliated congenital heart disease: Technical considerations and procedural outcomes
Authors: Salavitabar Arash , Bradley Elisa A. , Chisolm Joanne L. , Hickey Jenne , Boe Brian A. , Armstrong Aimee K. , Daniels Curt J. , Berman Darren P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe describe the technical considerations of transcatheter implantation of the CardioMEMS™ HF System (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) in adult patients with complex palliated congenital heart disease (CHD) and advanced heart failure (HF).BackgroundAmbulatory pulmonary artery (PA) pressure monitoring with implantable hemodynamic monitors (IHMs) has been shown to reduce HF‐related hospital admissions in non‐CHD populations. HF is a common late cardiovascular complication in adult CHD necessitating better understanding of IHM application in this population.MethodsWe analyzed adults with complex CHD and advanced HF who were referred for CardioMEMS™ device implantation (2015–2018). Feasibility of device implantation, defined by successful device implantation and calibration, and procedural outcomes were evaluated.ResultsCardioMEMS™ was successfully implanted in all 14 adults (35.5 ± 9.2 years old, 72 ± 12 kg) with complex CHD (single ventricle/Fontan, n = 8 [57%]; d‐transposition of the great arteries/atrial switch, n = 6 [43%]). The device was delivered via femoral venous access in 13 (93%) patients and implanted in the left PA in 12 (86%). A long sheath was used in 8 (57%) patients, including 5/6 with an atrial switch operation. There was one device migration that did not require retrieval.ConclusionsTranscatheter implantation of an IHM is feasible in select complex adult CHD patients with advanced HF. Further studies evaluating integration of ambulatory hemodynamics and the impact on clinical care are needed. This technology has the potential to improve medical management of advanced HF in patients with Fontan and atrial switch physiologies and provide new insights into their ambulatory hemodynamics.
A single center 10‐year clinical experience with superior vena cava retrievable filters
Authors: Lopera Jorge E. , Barnes Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo report a 10‐year clinical experience with superior vena cava (SVC) retrievable filters.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with SVC filters was performed between 2008 and 2018 in a single tertiary medical center. Patient demographics, indications for filter placement, type of filter placed, and clinical evolution were recorded. Complications during placement, retrieval, and follow‐up were determined.ResultsFifty patients ages 17–89 years (average 54) underwent SVC retrievable filter placement. Main indication for filter placement was deep venous thrombosis of the major upper extremity and/or internal jugular veins with contraindications to anticoagulation. Complications during placement included inadvertent filter placement in the right brachiocephalic vein in two patients, another patient had a leg of the filter entrapped in the tip of a hemodialysis catheter that required filter reposition and line exchange. Thirteen patients had attempted retrieval with 12 filters successfully removed 7–420 days after placement (mean 170). On follow‐up images available in 24 patients, 13 filters were noted to be significantly tilted and 10 filters had evidence of leg penetration. No other serious late complications were noted.ConclusionThe use of retrievable SVC filters in patients with upper extremity DVT is highly questionable. There is a high incidence of filter malposition, filter tilting, and leg penetration.
Kolbe Electrolysis of Biomass‐Derived Fatty Acids Over Pt Nanocrystals in an Electrochemical Cell
Authors: Yuan Gang , Wu Chan , Zeng Guorong , Niu Xiaopo , Shen Guoqiang , Wang Li , Zhang Xiangwen , Luque Rafael , Wang Qingfa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrochemical valorization of non‐food biomass‐derived carboxylates into fuels is promising for the conversion, storage, and distribution of renewable electricity. Herein, we demonstrate that biofuels, hydrogen, and bicarbonate can be simultaneously produced in an electrochemical cell by one‐step electrolysis of free fatty acids under ambient conditions on 3D self‐supported ultralow Pt loading (2 wt %) electrode. The three valuable products can naturally separate from each other during the electrolysis in the alkaline aqueous solution. The experimental suggests that Pt(100) and Pt(110) are favorable for the production of non‐Kolbe and Kolbe hydrocarbons, respectively. DFT calculation further clarifies the adsorption and stabilization of the reaction intermediates on Pt(100) and Pt(110).
Enhanced Light Absorption and Charge Carrier Management in Core‐Shell Fe2O3@Nickel Nanocone Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Singh Ashutosh K. , Sarkar Debasish 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolar driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a clean and sustainable approach to generate green fuel, Hydrogen. Hematite (Fe2O3) is considered as potential photoanode because of its abundance, chemical stability and suitable band gap, though its short carrier diffusion length puts a limit on the film thickness and subsequent light absorption capability. In this regard, here we have designed and constructed a unique photoanode by depositing ultrathin films of Fe2O3 on purpose‐built three‐dimensional (3D) nickel nanocone arrays. In this design, 3D nanostructures not only provide ameliorated surface area for PEC reactions but also enhance light absorption capability in ultrathin Fe2O3 films, while ultrathin films promote charge carrier separation and effective transfer to the electrolyte. The 3D electrodes exhibit a substantial improvement in light absorption capability within the entire visible region of solar spectrum, as well as enhanced photocurrent density as compared to the planar Fe2O3 photoelectrode. Detailed investigation of reaction kinetics suggests an optimum Fe2O3 film thickness on 3D nanocone arrays obtained after 6 deposition cycles in achieving maximum charge carrier separation and transfer efficiencies (82 % and 88 %, respectively), mainly ascribable to the increased charge carrier lifetime overcoming recombination losses.
Functionalized Resins for the Synthesis of Peptide Alcohols
Authors: Ferrer‐Gago Fernando J. , Koh Li Quan , Lane David P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeptide alcohols are clinically important compounds that are underexplored in structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies in drug discovery. One reason for this underutilization is that current syntheses are laborious and time consuming. Herein, we describe the preparation and utility of Rink, Ramage, and Sieber‐chloride resins, which enables the use of a general, easy and practical method for the attachment of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐amino alcohols to a solid support, in the synthesis of peptide alcohols. This method is the first straightforward Fmoc/tBu synthesis of peptide alcohols starting from a pre‐loaded resin. The synthesized peptide alcohols can be detached from the linkers through conventional methods. Treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (95 %) and scavengers such as triisopropylsilane and water for 2 h is sufficient to obtain a fully deprotected peptide alcohol, while treatment with 20 % hexafluoroisopropanol in dichloromethane renders a fully protected peptide alcohol that can be further modified at the C‐terminus. As examples, the new resins were used in straightforward, relatively rapid syntheses of the peptide alcohols octreotide, alamethicin, and a segment of trichogin GA IV, as well as the first synthesis of stapled peptide alcohols.
Spatiotemporal gene expression patterns reveal molecular relatedness between retinal laminae
Authors: Jiang Danye , Burger Courtney A. , Casasent Anna K. , Albrecht Nicholas E. , Li Fenge , Samuel Melanie A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn several areas of the central nervous system, neurons are regionally organized into groups or layers that carry out specific activities. In this form of patterning, neurons of distinct types localize their cell bodies to just one or a few of the layers within a structure. However, little is known about whether diverse neuron types within a lamina share molecular features that coordinate their organization. To begin to identify such candidates, we used the laminated murine retina to screen 92 lacZ reporter lines available through the Knockout Mouse Project. Thirty‐two of these displayed reporter expression in restricted subsets of inner retina neurons. We then identified the spatiotemporal expression patterns of these genes at key developmental stages. This uncovered several that were heavily enriched in development but reduced in adulthood, including the transcriptional regulator Hmga1. An additional set of genes displayed maturation associated laminar enrichment. Among these, we identified Bbox1 as a novel gene that specifically labels all neurons in the ganglion cell layer but is largely excluded from otherwise molecularly similar neurons in the inner retina. Finally, we established Dbn1 as a new marker enriched in amacrines and Fmnl3 as a marker for subsets of αRGCs. Together, these data provide a spatiotemporal map for laminae‐specific molecules and suggest that diverse neuron types within a lamina share coordinating molecular features that may inform their fate or function.
Effect of ingredients of accent base on shade development in point of sale tinting
Authors: Rose Elvina , Nikam Pramod , Joshi Amit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe proper dispersion and stabilization of titanium dioxide/extender in a coating is critical for color development. Color development is much more challenging when it comes to point of sale tinting. This color needs to be reproducible and accurate after machine tinting. What decides the color development in a zero rutile base containing extenders? This article studies the raw material interactions and its effect on color development.
Reducing Properties of Superalkalis on Pyridinic Graphene Surfaces: a Computational Study
Authors: Ramondo Fabio , Leonzi Ilenia , Meloni Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe hyperlithiated species
(k=1, 2, 3, and 4) have been studied by quantum mechanical (QM) methods. Different structures have been localized for each molecule by the CBS‐QB3 composite method: all the isomers show superalkali properties and strong tendency to donate an electron to carbon dioxide forming stable
complexes. With the aim to find molecular systems able to stabilize superalkalis, geometries of complexes between superalkalis and pyridine and superalkalis and graphene surfaces doped with a pyridinic vacancy were calculated. The pyridinic graphene sheets were modeled with two finite molecular systems C69H21N3 and C117H27N3. The interaction with one pyridine molecule is quite weak and the superalkali maintains its structure and electron properties. The affinity for graphene sheets is instead stronger and the superalkalis tend to deform their geometry to better interact with the graphene surface. However, the superalkalis continue to show the tendency to transfer electrons to carbon dioxide reducing CO2, as found in graphene absence.