bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostorski vzorec vključevanja slovenskih kmetijskih gospodarstev v ekološko kmetovanje // Spatial pattern of the integration of farm holdings in Slovenia into organic farming
Authors: Travnikar Tanja , Juvančič Luka 
Published: March 2019

Študija preverja obstoj učinkov prostorskih prelitij v povezavi z odločanjem kmetijskih gospodarstev v Sloveniji za ekološko pridelavo. V njej preverjamo hipotezo, da na prehod v ekološko pridelavo na nekem območju vpliva razširjenost ekološkega kmetijstva v soseščini. Hipotezo smo preverili z uporabo prostorske ekonometrije, kjer z regresijskimi metodami preverjamo vpliv prenosa informacij iz sosedstva oziroma učinkov prostorskih prelitij. Rezultati prostorskega regresijskega modela, v katerega je bilo vključenih 1976 ekoloških kmetij na 28.088 hektarjev kmetijskih zemljišč potrjujejo, da na odločanje kmetijskih gospodarstev o (pre)usmeritvi v ekološko pridelavo vplivajo tudi odločitve pridelovalcev v soseščini in obratno. The study examines the existence of spatial spillovers in the decision-making process of the conversion of agricultural holdings in Slovenia to organic farming. We tested the hypothesis that the transition to organic agriculture at certain location is influenced by the patterns of the implementation of organic farming in the neighborhood. The hypothesis was verified by the use of spatial econometrics, which is a regression-based method that checks for the influence of the transmission of information from the neighborhood, or the existence of spatial spillovers. The results of the spatial regression model, which included 1,976 organic farms on 28,088 hectares of agricultural land, confirm that the decision of agricultural holdings to engage in organic production is influenced by the decisions of the neighboring agricultural holdings, and vice versa.
Sympathetic dysfunction dermatitis in a revascularised upper extremity after near-total amputation – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Dhopte Amol , Patil Surendra , Barde Nitin , Thakre Rupesh , Harsh Shree , Nisal Shailesh 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTCommonly reported complications after revascularisation or replantation of extremity are vascular thrombosis leading to complete or partial failure, bony non-union or malunion, joint stiffness and incomplete or abnormal sensory recovery. Sympathetic dysfunction dermatitis is an unreported complication after revascularisation or replantation surgery which results due to denervation of the extremity. We report a case of a young adult who developed eczematous dermatitis over the revascularised upper limb and discuss the role of sympathetic dysfunction in the development of these skin lesions. The patient was successfully treated with a short course of oral and topical steroids. Sympathetic dysfunction dermatitis is a rare form of skin eruptions occurring in the revascularised or replanted part of an extremity due to abnormal sympathetic function in the affected part.
Accounting for the effects of nonideal minor structures on the optical properties of black carbon aerosols
Authors: Teng Shiwen , Liu Chao , Schnaiter Martin , Chakrabarty Rajan K. , Liu Fengshan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosol is the strongest
sunlight-absorbing aerosol, and its optical properties are fundamental to
radiative forcing estimations and retrievals of its size and concentration.
BC particles exist as aggregate structures with small monomers and are widely
represented by the idealized fractal aggregate model. In reality, BC
particles possess complex and nonideal minor structures besides the overall
aggregate structure, altering their optical properties in unforeseen ways.
This study introduces the parameter “volume variation” to quantify and
unify different minor structures and develops an empirical relationship to
account for their effects on BC optical properties from those of ideal
aggregates. Minor structures considered are as follows: the polydispersity of
monomer size, the irregularity and coating of the individual monomer, and
necking and overlapping among monomers. The discrete dipole approximation is
used to calculate the optical properties of aggregates with these minor
structures. Minor structures result in scattering cross-section enhancement slightly more than that
of absorption cross section, and their effects on the angle-dependent phase matrix as well as asymmetry factor are negligible.
As expected, the effects become weaker with the increase in wavelength. Our results suggest that a correction ratio of 1.05 is
necessary to account for the mass or volume normalized absorption and
scattering of nonideal aggregates in comparison to ideal ones, which also
applies to aggregates with multiple minor structures. In other words, the
effects of minor structures are mainly contributed by their influence on
particle volume/mass that cannot be ignored, and a relative difference of
approximately 5 % is noticed after removing the volume effects. Thus,
accurate knowledge and evaluation of BC volume/mass are more important than
those of the minor structures themselves. Most importantly, the simulations
of optical properties of nonideal aggregates are greatly simplified by
applying the empirical relationship because they can be directly obtained
from those of the corresponding ideal aggregates, a volume/mass difference
parameter, and the correction factor, i.e., 1.05, not the detailed minor
structure information. We expect this convenient treatment to find wide
applications for the accounting for the effects of nonideal minor structures
on BC optical properties.
The impact of improved aerosol priors on near-infrared measurements of carbon dioxide
Authors: Nelson Robert R. , O'Dell Christopher W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) was launched in 2014 with the goal
of measuring the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide
(XCO2) with sufficient precision and accuracy to
infer regional carbon sources and sinks. One of the primary sources of error
in near-infrared measurements of XCO2 is the
scattering effects of cloud and aerosol layers. In this work, we study the
impact of ingesting better informed aerosol priors from the Goddard Earth
Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) into the OCO-2 ACOS V8 retrieval
algorithm with the objective of reducing the error in
XCO2 from real measurements. Multiple levels of
both aerosol setup complexity and uncertainty on the aerosol priors were
tested, ranging from a mostly unconstrained aerosol optical depth (AOD) setup
to ingesting full aerosol profiles with high confidence. We find that using
co-located GEOS-5 aerosol types and AODs with low uncertainty results in a
small improvement in the retrieved XCO2 against
the Total Carbon Column Observing Network relative to V8. In contrast,
attempting to use modeled vertical information in the aerosol prior to
improve the XCO2 retrieval generally gives poor
results, as aerosol models struggle with the vertical placement of aerosol
layers. To assess regional differences in XCO2,
we compare our results to a global CO2 model validation suite. We
find that the GEOS-5 setup performs better than V8 over northern Africa and
central Asia, with the standard deviation of the
XCO2 error reduced from 2.12 to 1.83 ppm, due
to a combination of smaller prior AODs and lower prior uncertainty. In
general, the use of better informed aerosol priors shows promise but may be
restricted by the current accuracy of aerosol models.
Climate influences on flood probabilities across Europe
Authors: Steirou Eva , Gerlitz Lars , Apel Heiko , Sun Xun , Merz Bruno 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The link between streamflow extremes and climatology has been widely studied
in recent decades. However, a study investigating the effect of large-scale
circulation variations on the distribution of seasonal discharge extremes at
the European level is missing. Here we fit a climate-informed generalized
extreme value (GEV) distribution to about 600 streamflow records in Europe
for each of the standard seasons, i.e., to winter, spring, summer and autumn
maxima, and compare it with the classical GEV distribution with parameters
invariant in time. The study adopts a Bayesian framework and covers the
period 1950 to 2016. Five indices with proven influence on the European
climate are examined independently as covariates, namely the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO), the east Atlantic pattern (EA), the east Atlantic–western
Russian pattern (EA/WR), the Scandinavia pattern (SCA) and the
polar–Eurasian pattern (POL). It is found that for a high percentage of stations the climate-informed
model is preferred to the classical model. Particularly for NAO during
winter, a strong influence on streamflow extremes is detected for large
parts of Europe (preferred to the classical GEV distribution for 46 % of the stations).
Climate-informed fits are characterized by spatial coherence and form
patterns that resemble relations between the climate indices and seasonal
precipitation, suggesting a prominent role of the considered circulation
modes for flood generation. For certain regions, such as northwestern
Scandinavia and the British Isles, yearly variations of the mean seasonal
climate indices result in considerably different extreme value distributions
and thus in highly different flood estimates for individual years that can
also persist for longer time periods.
Calibrating a new attenuation curve for the Dead Sea region using surface wave dispersion surveys in sites damaged by the 1927 Jericho earthquake
Authors: Darvasi Yaniv , Agnon Amotz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Instrumental strong motion data are not common around the Dead
Sea region. Therefore, calibrating a new attenuation equation is a
considerable challenge. However, the Holy Land has a remarkable historical
archive, attesting to numerous regional and local earthquakes. Combining the
historical record with new seismic measurements will improve the regional
equation. On 11 July 1927, a rupture, in the crust in proximity to the northern Dead
Sea, generated a moderate 6.2 ML earthquake. Up to 500 people
were killed, and extensive destruction was recorded, even as far as 150 km
from the focus. We consider local near-surface properties, in
particular, the shear-wave velocity, as an amplification factor. Where the
shear-wave velocity is low, the seismic intensity far from the focus would
likely be greater than expected from a standard attenuation curve. In this
work, we used the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method to
estimate seismic wave velocity at anomalous sites in Israel in order to
calibrate a new attenuation equation for the Dead Sea region. Our new attenuation equation contains a term which quantifies only
lithological effects, while factors such as building quality, foundation
depth, topography, earthquake directivity, type of fault, etc. remain out
of our scope. Nonetheless, about 60 % of the measured anomalous sites fit
expectations; therefore, this new ground-motion prediction
equation (GMPE) is statistically better than the old
ones. From our local point of view, this is the first time that integration of the
1927 historical data and modern shear-wave velocity profile measurements
improved the attenuation equation (sometimes referred to as the attenuation
relation) for the Dead Sea region. In the wider context, regions of
low-to-moderate seismicity should use macroseismic earthquake data, together
with modern measurements, in order to better estimate the peak ground
acceleration or the seismic intensities to be caused by future earthquakes.
This integration will conceivably lead to a better mitigation of damage from
future earthquakes and should improve maps of seismic hazard.
Great Expectations and the Evolution of Women
Authors: O'Malley Rose Patricia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Seen through an evolutionary framework, Estella from Great Expectations's counterintuitive romantic and reproductive decisions indicate Dickens's understanding of the space for individual female agency within a Darwinian environment. Critics have argued that her apparent lack of warmth and childless, violent first marriage signals the character's status as a biological failure, either due to her criminal birth parents or twisted upbringing by Miss Havisham, both of which can be understood in evolutionary terms. However, Estella's choice to pursue a path away from motherhood is not portrayed by Dicken as less “natural” or a problem to be diagnosed, but rather the deliberate actions of a figure with her own agenda, who must negotiate her biological drives as well as her own desires in pursuing her future. Dickens also explores other opportunities for feminine agency through the character of Biddy's educational labor and eventual marriage. His novel therefore portrays a more optimistic Darwinian environment, especially for women, than many of his contemporaries.
Life in Dead Things: Unreading Memorials in Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Authors: Clarke Julia M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Victorian literature contains many explorations of not just death as an event, but the particularity, idiosyncrasy, and meaning behind material acts of mourning. However, the significance and proliferation of characters in novels misreading or misinterpreting death objects has been left largely unexplored. This article looks at moments of misreading death objects—a repurposed marmalade jar filled with flowers, Tess's deceased father's epitaph, the d'Urberville tombs, Stonehenge—in Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles in order to show intriguing vicissitudes of memorials and death objects. Though the Victorian reading public deems Tess morally repugnant, Hardy insists on calling her a “pure woman” in the novel's subtitle. A central project of Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles is to reveal the nuances of what it means to be a nineteenth-century woman on the cusp of the modern age: one who would theoretically expand options for women in terms of career, lifestyle, and sexuality. Moments of misreading death objects in Tess of the D'Urbervilles expose the central issue Hardy presents: declaring the humanity of a so-called fallen woman.
Interned for the Duration of the War: St. Louis Public Library Censorship during World War I
Authors: Schaefer Michael 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Like most public libraries in the United States during the First World War, the St. Louis (Missouri) Public Library (SLPL) removed literature from its collection that some considered “disloyal” or “pro-German propaganda.” Library historians have drawn a broad, national picture of this practice, but this study examines at a local level what was censored at SLPL, when censorship occurred relative to other public libraries, and what forces might have influenced SLPL's librarian to temporarily remove items from public access. To answer the later question, the author examines the social sphere of SLPL's librarian, Arthur E. Bostwick: the SLPL's Board of Directors, his neighborhood, and the social organizations to which he belonged. This study reveals the extent to which the SLPL librarian and board were interwoven within a broader wealthy and powerful decision-making class financially invested in Allied success and responsible for insuring St. Louisans' loyalty to the war effort. It also reveals just how little is known about which titles were removed, when they were removed, and when they again became accessible to the public.
"Arribadas maliciosas": redes no comércio de contrabando no porto de Buenos Aires, inícios do séc. XVII
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando Victor Aguiar 
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo propõe compreender as redes dos comerciantes em Buenos Aires do século XVII a partir de uma nova interpretação. O comércio irregular, que fugia às normas de monopólio defendidas pela legislação espanhola, foi estruturante para a consolidação da atividade econômica no porto platino. A historiografia sobre a temática concentrou-se no debate em torno da legalidade e ilegalidade dessas práticas comerciais e, em consequência, abordou a prática dos governadores, agentes do poder régio, como elementos de repressão e combate do que se nomeou como contrabando. A ideia desse artigo é mapear as relações entre os agentes ligados ao comércio irregular em Buenos Aires em meados do século XVII. Para tanto coletamos as relações compiladas no Proceso Grande, ação jurídica iniciada pelo governador Hernandarias de Saavedra visando denunciar os agentes portenhos ligados ao comércio irregular. Esse processo gerou uma centena de páginas e que descreviam as práticas comerciais e arrolava os comerciantes envolvidos na atividade. A partir dessa rica documentação procuramos estabelecer as conexões da rede comercial, seguindo a divisão das duas facções que disputavam o comércio. Com isso, pudemos espacializar as relações de rede comerciais, romper a ideia de que Hernandarias combatera o contrabando e esmiuçar as dinâmicas das relações comerciais e familiares de ambos os grupos, elementos fundamentais que estruturavam sociedades de Antigo Regime.
Teacher Targets: A model for CLIL and ELF teacher education in polytechnic settings
Authors: Sancho Guinda Carmen 
Published: March 2019

Author/s
Carmen Sancho GuindaUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to present an alternative model for CLIL/ELF teacher education, called the Teacher Target Model, which may help hard-science teachers undertake English-medium instruction more efficiently. Conceived as a visual educational trope for changing mentalities and practices, it derives from the needs analysis of a group of polytechnic teachers who have participated in the cycles of in-service training seminars given at the Polytechnic University of Madrid since 2009. Their notions, impressions, and video-recorded performances reveal that in general they hold a monolithic conception of classroom interactions and teaching procedures, with an ensuing impoverishment of genre and language repertoires. To bridge this gap, the model proposed here cross-weaves five discursive strands converging in university lectures, namely disciplinary discourse, (meta)discourse of the medium, embedded genres, lecture phase, and teaching style, thus fostering natural communication beyond the delivery of technical content and bringing ELF instruction closer to the CLIL dynamics.
CLIL in Pharmacy: A case of collaboration between content and language lecturers
Authors: Woźniak Monika 
Published: March 2019

Author/s
Monika WoźniakUniversidad San Jorge, Spain

ABSTRACT
This paper documents collaborative work between content and language lecturers for CLIL at a Spanish university. It focuses on the perspectives and concerns of ten Pharmacy lecturers who integrate credits in English within their content subjects, as reflected during a group discussion and in individual questionnaires. The study reveals that the lecturers are motivated and have positive opinions about both the project and the collaboration. In spite of some years of CLIL experience, they still need support and their main difficulties are related to the linguistic side of CLIL and its assessment. Given the differences in objectives in each subject, further collaboration with the language lecturer should focus on addressing the specific needs and concerns of particular lecturers. More collaboration between content lecturers is also needed to define the aims and outcomes of particular activities and to sequence them properly so as to offer a well-balanced CLIL degree programme.
Help Seeking Pattern among Postpartum Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Deborah Abiodun Adejoke , Benjamin Abiodun Afolabi , Benjamin Eegunranti Adekunle 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health issue in both developed and developing countries. A view of IPV as a personal problem, often reinforced by community and perpetrator denial as well as fear of retaliation and social ostracisation, deter many women from confiding in others and seeking help. The study aimed to assess help seeking pattern and knowledge about non-governmental organizations (NGO) among postpartum women attending postnatal and infant welfare clinics of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital (LTH), Osogbo.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at LTH, Osogbo Nigeria, between September and November 2015.
Methodology: The study was conducted among 220 consenting postpartum women attending postnatal and infant welfare clinics of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo using composite abuse scale and socio-demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.
Results: Majority of those who experienced IPV, 42 (71.2%) did not seek help. Among the 28.8% that sought help, majority used informal strategies like mother and other family members. Ninety-four percent of those who sought help said it was helpful and sixty-one percent of those exposed to intimate partner violence are aware of non-governmental organizations.
Conclusion: There is need to strengthen the family members on how to support those exposed to intimate partner violence (through education on the media) since many women prefer them to formal services and more awareness creation about existence of NGO is needed.
Relevance of Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke Extracts in Rat Liver Protection
Authors: Guenné Samson , Ouattara Nabèrè , Meda Nâg-Tiero Roland , Kinda Prosper T. , Ouédraogo Noufou , Ciobica Alin , Hilou Adama , Kiendrebéogo Martin , Nacoulma Odile G. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To assess the relevance of Chrysanthellum americanum (L.) Vatke extracts in rat liver protection.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), also in Laboratory of Department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopoeia (MEPHATRA-PH) of Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST) of Burkina Faso between July 2014 and August 2015.
Study Design: Polyphenolic extract of Chrysanthellum americanum- in vivo liver protection- in vivo liver intoxication- liver necrosis parameters analysis, histopathology analysis, in vivo and in vitro antioxidant assay.
Background: Chrysanthellum americanum L. (Vatke) is a medicinal plant well known for its flavonoids and saponins richness, but also for its strong antioxidant potential and use traditionally for liver disease treatment.
Methodology: In vivo, anti hepatotoxicity effects of Chrysanthellum americanum was evaluated using CCl4 as hepatotoxic agent. Also, acute toxicities were determined using standards methods, serum parameters of liver injury using Cypress Diagnostics kits and histopathology analysis using Mayer's haematoxylin- eosin-phloxine coloration method. For in vitro tests, malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid method were used in lipid peroxidation assessment and the ABTS method in Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity assessing.
Results: Result showed that the crude extract of C. americericum has a very low oral toxicity but, in intraperitoneal route this extract presented a high toxicity (LD50= 175 mg / kg of body weight). Histopathology micrograph indicated reduction in number of necrotic cells induced by CCl4. This beneficial action was confirmed by reduction in serum transaminases and malondialdehyde (22.68 ± 0.68 mmol MDA/ g of liver weight). In vitro antioxidant capacities, this plant extract presented a result of 35.01 ± 0.26 % and 42.01 ± 0.26 mg TE/ g respectively in LPO and TEAC.
Conclusion: Given our results, our research confirms that Chrysanthellum americanum extracts have in vivo physiological impact and benefits in traditional medicine for specific care of liver diseases.