bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welfare Activation and Youth Crime
Authors: Bratsberg Bernt , Hernæs Øystein , Markussen Simen , Raaum Oddbjørn , Røed Knut 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe evaluate the impact on youth crime of a welfare reform that tightened activation requirements for social assistance clients. The evaluation strategy exploits administrative individual data in combination with geographically differentiated implementation of the reform. We find that the reform reduced crime among teenage boys from economically disadvantaged families. Stronger reform effects on weekday versus weekend crime, reduced school dropout, and favorable long-run outcomes in terms of crime and educational attainment point to both incapacitation and human capital accumulation as key mechanisms. Despite lowered social assistance take-up, we uncover no indication that loss of income support pushed youth into crime.
Beauty, Job Tasks, and Wages: A New Conclusion about Employer Taste-Based Discrimination
Authors: Stinebrickner Ralph , Stinebrickner Todd , Sullivan Paul 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Using novel data from the Berea Panel Study, we show that the beauty wage premium for college graduates exists only in jobs where attractiveness is plausibly a productive characteristic. A large premium exists in jobs with substantial amounts of interpersonal interaction but not in jobs that require working with information. This finding is inconsistent with employer taste-based discrimination, which would favor attractive workers in all jobs. Unique task data address concerns that measurement error in the importance of interpersonal tasks may bias empirical work toward finding employer discrimination. Our conclusions are in stark contrast to the findings of existing research.
Most of Africa's Nutritionally Deprived Women and Children Are Not Found in Poor Households
Authors: Brown Caitlin , Ravallion Martin , van de Walle Dominique 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolicymakers often assume that targeting observably poor households suffices in reaching nutritionally deprived individuals. We question that assumption. Our comprehensive assessment for sub-Saharan Africa reveals that undernourished women and children are spread widely across the household wealth and consumption distributions. Roughly three-quarters of underweight women and undernourished children are not found in the poorest 20% of households, and around half are not found in the poorest 40%. Countries with higher undernutrition tend to have higher shares of undernourished individuals in nonpoor households. Intrahousehold inequality accounts in part for our results, but other factors appear to be important, including common health risks.
Inferior vena cava stenosis after heart transplant: a rare cause of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning failure
Authors: Portran Philippe , Lavigne Flavie , Jacquet-Lagreze Matthias , Fellahi Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The discontinuation of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is a critical step in patient recovery. To reduce risks, weaning trials must be performed to buttress this important decision. However, a successful weaning trial does not preclude the possibility of complications. Case report: Here, we report a case of sudden multiple organ failure in a heart transplant patient, occurring after a successful ECMO weaning trial. We finally diagnosed a rare post-surgical complication of bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation, a severe stenosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) that had been masked by the post-operative ECMO. Discussion and conclusion: Our case report should serve as a cautionary tale: it may be of interest to add a search for complications at the vascular anastomoses to the weaning trial procedure and to keep an eye out for them in the following days.
Aortic valve replacement with or without myocardial revascularization in octogenarians. Can minimally invasive extracorporeal circuits improve the outcome?
Authors: El-Essawi Aschraf , Breitenbach Ingo , Haupt Benjamin , Brouwer Rene , Morjan Mohammed , Harringer Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

Objective: The positive impact of minimally invasive extracorporeal circuits (MiECC) on patient outcome is expected to be most evident in patients with limited physiologic reserves. Nevertheless, most studies have limited their use to low-risk patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. As such, there is little evidence to their benefit outside this patient population. We, therefore, set out to explore their potential benefit in octogenarians undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) with or without concomitant myocardial revascularization. Methods: Based on the type of the utilized ECC, we performed a retrospective propensity score-matched comparison among all octogenarians (n = 218) who received a primary AVR with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting in our institution between 2003 and 2010. Results: A MiECC was utilized in 32% of the patients. The propensity score matching yielded 52 matched pairs. The 30-day postoperative mortality (2% vs. 10%; p=0.2), the incidence of low cardiac output (0% vs. 6%; p=0.2) and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (2.5 ± 2.6 vs. 3.8 ± 4.7 days; p=0.06) were all in favour of the MiECC group, but failed to reach statistical significance while the 90-day postoperative mortality did (2% vs. 16%; p=0.02). Conclusion: MiECCs have a positive influence on the outcome of octogenarians undergoing AVR with or without concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting. Their use should, therefore, be extended beyond isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
The effectiveness of narrative writing on the moral distress of intensive care nurses
Authors: Saeedi Smat , Jouybari Leila , Sanagoo Akram , Vakili Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2018

Background: Nursing is a profession that has always been accompanied with common ethical concerns. There are some evidences which indicate that narrative writing on traumatic experiences may improve an individual’s emotional health. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of narrative writing on moral distress of nurses working in intensive care unit. Research design: This study was a clinical trial with pre- and post-test design. The frequency and intensity of moral distress was measured by a valid and reliable questionnaire (Corely) at baseline and after 8 weeks. The intervention group was asked to write about their deepest emotions and stressful experiences in the intensive care unit for 8 weeks. Participants and research context: Using consensus sampling, 120 nurses of intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit of the teaching hospitals (in Iran) were invited to and were randomly allocated into the intervention and control groups. Ethical considerations: Participation was voluntary, data were anonymized, and the confidentiality of the participating nurses and their institutions maintained. The ethical approval was obtained from an IRB or research ethics committee. Findings: In total, 106 nurses completed the trial consisting of 87.75% females. The mean work experience of nurses in the intervention and control groups was 7.21 ± 4.96 and 8.28 ± 5.45 years, respectively. Independent t-test showed no statistical difference neither in the intensity of moral distress ( P = 0.8), nor in its frequency ( P = 0.5) between the two groups. Discussion: As nurses constantly face ethical tensions, moral distress is a phenomenon that results from the different situations of critical care units. Their concern about receiving negative feedback from the managerial level may have influenced the outcome of the intervention. Conclusion: Narratives writing by the nurses showed no effect on reducing the intensity and frequency of moral distress. It seems that due to the intensity of moral distress in clinical settings, we need to test variety solutions to reduce the problem.
Treatment of an acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy with propionate in a 33-year-old male
Authors: Yoon Min-Suk , Pitarokoili Kalliopi , Sturm Dietrich , Haghikia Aiden , Gold Ralf , Fisse Anna Lena 
Published: November 2018

Background: The aim of this work was to report a case of an acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) treated with propionate to evaluate its therapeutic potential in AMSAN. Materials and methods: The patient was investigated by clinical examination, electroneurography, high-resolution nerve ultrasound and confocal corneal microscopy at baseline and the 2 month follow up. We compared the outcome with those of five other patients with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and AMSAN of who were referred to our neurology department in the past 5 years. Results: Considering the poor prognosis of patients with acute axonal neuropathies and in comparison with the previously treated patients with AMAN or AMSAN in our clinic, the regression of our patient’s symptoms and the improvement in the additional examinations under propionate seemed exceptionally good. Conclusion: Propionate may have an additional therapeutic effect in autoimmune inflammatory neuropathies.
One-year follow up of three Italian patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy treated with ataluren: is earlier better?
Authors: Ruggiero Lucia , Iodice Rosa , Esposito Marcello , Dubbioso Raffaele , Tozza Stefano , Vitale Floriana , Santoro Lucio , Manganelli Fiore 
Published: November 2018

Background: Ataluren was approved for the treatment of nmDMD, both the efficacy and safety have been previously reported only from clinical trials but no report exists about real-life experience. Patient/methods: we describe three Italian children with nmDMD treated with ataluren for 1 year. Measurements were made every 3 months and was evaluated the 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD). Results: Case1 involves a patient with a 6MWD at T0 of 360 m, who started ataluren therapy at age 10 years. Case2 is a child who began treatment with ataluren at age 8 years when he had severe ambulatory compromise (6MWD < 75 m at T0). A third patient (case3) had a 6MWD of 320 m when he started ataluren therapy at age 5 years. The best improvement in 6MWD was observed in case3, a patient in whom treatment with ataluren was started much earlier. In case1, ataluren was started relatively late and 6MWD was maintained at a stable level. Surprisingly, we observed a 50% improvement in 6MWD in case2, a patient who began therapy early, but with a severe loss of lower limb muscle function at the time. Conclusions: treatment responses depend on the patient’s age and disease severity when therapy was initiated. On the basis of our experience, the main factor that influences the effectiveness seems to be earlier instigation of therapy and positive results may still be achieved in patients with more severe muscle involvement. Interestingly, these three boys with phenotypically different nmDMD provide useful information regarding future therapeutic recommendations for the ataluren administration in real clinical practice.
Comparative cost-effectiveness of surgery, angioplasty, or medical therapy in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: MASS II trial
Authors: Brandão Sara Michelly Gonçalves , Rezende Paulo Cury , Rocca Hans-Peter Brunner-La , Ju Yang Ting , de Lima Antonio Carlos Pedroso , Takiuti Myrthes Emy , Hueb Whady , Bocchi Edimar Alcides 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe costs for treating coronary artery disease (CAD) are high worldwide. We performed a prespecified analyses of cost-effectiveness of three therapeutic strategies for multivessel CAD.MethodsFrom May 1995 to May 2000, a total of 611 patients were randomly assigned to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), n = 203; percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), n = 205; or medical treatment (MT), n = 203. This cost analysis study was based on the perspective of the Public Health Care System. Initial procedural and follow-up costs for medications, cardiology examinations, and hospitalizations for complications were calculated after randomization. Life-years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were used as effectiveness measures. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were obtained by using nonparametric bootstrapping methods with 5000 resamples.ResultsInitial procedural costs were lower for MT. However, the subsequent 5-year cumulative costs were lower for CABG. Compared with baseline, the three treatment options produced significant improvements in QALYs. After 5 years, PCI and CABG had better QALYs results compared with MT. The ICER results favored CABG and PCI, and favored PCI over CABG in 61% of the drawings. On the other hand, sensitivity analysis showed MT as the preferred therapy compared with CABG and PCI, in the analysis considering higher costs.ConclusionsAt 5-year follow-up, the three treatment options yielded improvements in quality of life, with comparable and acceptable costs. However, despite higher initial costs, the comparison of cost-effectiveness after 5 years of follow-up among the three treatments showed both interventions (CABG and PCI) to be cost-effective strategies compared with MT.Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN66068876, Registered 06/10/1994,http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN66068876
The effect of breakfast with different macronutrient composition on PYY, ghrelin, and ad libitum intake 4 h after breakfast in Indonesian obese women
Authors: Witjaksono Fiastuti , Lukito Widjaja , Wijaya Andi , Annisa Nagita Gianty , Jutamulia Joan , Nurwidya Fariz , Simadibrata Marcellus 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objectives
Gut hormones, such as PYY and ghrelin, are associated with appetite control and obesity. Protein is thought to be the most satiating nutrient and could affect the production of several gut hormones. The purpose of the current study was to find the effect of breakfast with different protein composition on PYY, ghrelin, and ad libitum intake 4 h after breakfast.

Results
This clinical trial involves 22 obese women participants. Subjects were given three types of breakfast: low protein consumption (12.4% protein), medium protein (23.5% protein), and high protein (40.6% protein). PYY and ghrelin levels were measured at 0, 15, 60, 120, and 180 min after breakfast. Ad libitum meal was given 4 h after breakfast and measured after. This study found that there is no significant difference in PYY and ghrelin level at each measurement time between different type of breakfast. This study also found no significant difference of ad libitum energy intake between different type of breakfast.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03697486, 3 December 2018. Retrospectively registered
High frequency and molecular epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Ain Noor Ul , Iftikhar Anam , Bukhari Syeda Sadia , Abrar Samyyia , Hussain Shahida , Haider Muhammad Hayat , Rasheed Farhan , Riaz Saba 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates have a strong impact on diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. A high frequency of MBL-producing gram-negative bacilli has been reported worldwide. The current study was based on determining the incidence of MBL-producing imipenem-resistant clinical isolates and investigating the β-lactamase gene variants in strains conferring resistance to a carbapenem drug (imipenem).

Methods
A total of 924 gram negative isolates were recovered from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, during a two-year period (July 2015 to February 2017). The initial selection of bacterial isolates was based on antibiotic susceptibility testing. Strains resistant to imipenem were processed for the molecular screening of β-lactamase genes. Statistical analysis for risk factor determination was based on age, gender, clinical specimen and type of infection.

Results
The rate of imipenem resistance was calculated to be 56.51%. Among the 142 strains processed, the phenotypic tests revealed that the incidence of MBLs was 63.38% and 86.61% based on the combination disc test and the modified Hodge test, respectively. The frequencies of blaTEM, blaSHV,blaOXA,blaIMP-1, and blaVIM genes were calculated to be 46%, 34%, 24%, 12.5% and 7%, respectively. The co-expression of blaMBL (blaIMP and blaVIM) and blaESBL (blaTEM, blaSHV,blaOXA) was also detected through multiplex and singleplex PCR. blaOXA, blaTEM and blaSHV coexisted in 82% of the isolates. Co-expression of ESBL and MBL genes was found in 7% of the isolates.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first report from Pakistan presenting the concomitant expression of blaOXA, blaTEM and blaSHV with blaIMP-1 and blaVIM in MBL-producing gram-negative bacilli.
Does stricter immigration policy affect college enrollment and public-private school choice of natives?
Authors: Gunadi Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn recent decades, the USA has admitted a large number of foreign-born students into its educational system, raising concerns that the presence of foreign-born students would adversely impact the educational achievement of US-born students and incentivize them to move to private schools where there are fewer immigrant students. In this article, I attempt to extend our understanding of how stricter immigration policy, such as the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA), may affect college enrollment and the public-private school choice of US-born individuals. The analysis shows that the share of immigrant students across Arizona’s educational system declined significantly by the passage of LAWA: the share of foreign-born students in elementary and secondary schools in Arizona would be higher by approximately 1.1 and 1.7 percentage points, respectively, in the absence of LAWA. Similarly, the share of foreign-born college students in Arizona declined significantly by 1.5 percentage points due to LAWA. Despite this decline, there is no evidence that LAWA has statistically significantly affected natives’ college enrollment rates. However, there is evidence that LAWA reduces the proportion of US-born white non-Hispanic student in higher education attending private colleges.
„Dziewiędziesiąt dziewięć cudzych pomysłów, i jeden autora”. Porównanie myśli konstytucyjnej Wincentego Niemojowskiego i Benjamina Constanta
Authors: Królak Piotr 
Published: November 2018

„Dziewiędziesiąt dziewięć cudzych pomysłów, i jeden autora”. Porównanie myśli konstytucyjnej Wincentego Niemojowskiego i Benjamina Constanta
Enhancing the quality of life in lifelong learners: The influence of a meaning-order approach to pedagogical grammar on motivation and self-efficacy
Authors: Smithers Ryan W. , Gray James W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to outline how a practitioner puzzling over the appropriateness of grammar instruction for an English as a foreign language (EFL) class of 11 adults, aged 56 to 78, used the Exploratory Practice (EP) framework to try and enhance the quality of life for these learners learning English as a hobby in Japan. More specifically, this case study sought to come to an understanding of whether the quality of older learners’ lives could be positively influenced through grammar instruction via a meaning-order approach to pedagogical grammar (MAP Grammar). The results demonstrated that older learners benefited from grammar instruction, specifically, MAP Grammar instruction. Furthermore, the quality of their lives was enhanced because, after training in MAP Grammar, these lifelong learners developed stronger self-efficacy beliefs and became more motivated to study EFL. Therefore, teachers who teach older language learners should try incorporating MAP Grammar instruction as part of their pedagogies to see if their practices can also be positively affected.
Two Ethical Hurdles Facing the Osterloh-Frey Proposal
Authors: Collier Paul 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The proposal that Europe should sell the right to immigration to reflect the access to public goods raises two ethical objections. One draws on the proposition of Michael Sandel that there are things that ‘money can’t buy’. Public goods are the result of a reciprocal exchange of obligations within a community.As such, they are not transactions in a market and putting a price on them can inadvertently weaken their essentially moral nature. The other objection is that selling the right to immigrate would enable the elites of poor countries to exit their obligations to those left behind in their own societies. While potentially damaging poor societies by removing their most able people, it would create the comfortable illusion in Europe that we were being more generous to people from poor countries.
Migration, Entry Fees, and Stakeholdership
Authors: Lim Désirée 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The current European ‘migration crisis’ encompasses increasing rates of migration and the accompanying failure of migrants, including both economic migrants and refugees, to integrate. In this paper, I focus on a normative analysis of the entry fee immigration system, providing both an internal and external critique. In the internal critique, I take for granted that states are best understood as clubs. However, states seem to share greater similarities with clubs that are too exclusive to allow membership to be purchased. In the external critique, I argue that imposing a substantial entry fee on club membership is impermissible if exclusion from membership deprives non-members of basic rights and interests, even if measures are taken to equalise their ability to pay. The upshot of the internal and external critique, I believe, is that membership ought not to be contingent on the payment of a fee, or more generally, the acceptance of current members.
A Utilitarian Approach for the Governance of Humanitarian Migration
Authors: Brücker Herbert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Humanitarian migration creates, on the one hand, huge benefits for those who are protected from war, persecution and other forms of violence, but, on the other hand, involves also net monetary and social costs for the population in host countries providing protection at the same time. This is the core of the ethical and political problem associated with the governance of humanitarian migration. Against this background, this paper discusses whether the provision of protection can be founded on rational ethical principles. By drawing on a utilitarian approach a simple criterion is derived: Humanitarian migration is welfare improving, as long as the benefits of the marginal humanitarian migrant exceed the marginal costs of providing shelter per refugee. Based on this principle, practical solutions for the admission of humanitarian migrants and the international and European coordination of asylum policies are discussed.
Universal Rights Localized or Local Rights Universalized?
Authors: Kliemt Hartmut 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A universalist conception of immigration, assuming that all humans have a fundamental ethical right to equal consideration (Brücker), is contrasted with a particularist ethical conception that restricts equal consideration to members of a given community (Osterloh/Frey). It is argued that within the limits of Robbinsian economics only a communitarian conception is acceptable while an ethical theorist might lean towards a universalist view.