bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local people’s perception and awareness of climate change: a case study from community forests in Lamjung District, Western Nepal
Authors: Dhungana N. , Silwal N. , Upadhaya S. , Regmi S. K. , Adhikari S. 
Published: May 2019

Climate change has negatively impacted the underdeveloped and developing countries including Nepal due to low adaptive capacity and higher dependency in agriculture. Forests are important component of the lives and livelihoods of the community in Nepal, which can offer an important source of climate-resilient livelihood. It is crucial to know the fact that climate change was in the past, which will continue to change in the future. It is essential to understand how communities perceive and adapt to climate change. A study was carried out in Kirepani, Jagreni and Kalika Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in Lamjung District with an objective of assessing their perceptions on impacts of climate change. The survey was carried out in 62 households along with participatory appraisal to understand the perception of local people on climate change and its impacts. Focus group discussion was held in each CFUG. Climatic data of 29 years (1987–2015) acquired from Khudi, Kuncha and Gharedgunga metereological stations and analysed to supplement the results. Data were analysed using MS-Excel as major computer software and presented as table, trend lines and graphs. The study showed that the locals correctly perceived change in temperature, unpredictable occurrence of rainfall and increased incidence of change in crops phenology, an increase in drought. Based on the perceptions of the community forest users, climate change has affected the biodiversity and societal system differentially. Drought has higher impact to the people affecting their lives and livelihoods. They perceived that the increase in drought, floods, landslide have affected their lives and livelihoods. The results revealed that minimum temperature was increased at the rate of 0.01º C per year whereas the maximum temperature was increased by 0.056° C per year. From the rainfall data of Khudi meteorological station, it was found that annual rainfall was highly decreased at the rate of 25.8 mm per year, which alarms for more disaster such as drought and fire in the area. Our findings suggest that for the innovative climate change adaptation planning and policy it is crucial to incorporate and acknowledge the role of community forest in climate change adaptation.
A Comparative Study of Menstrual Hygiene Issues between Public and Private School Going Adolescent Girls in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Pandey Ashok , Mahotra Narayan Bahadur 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Menstruation is part a of the female reproductive cycle that starts when girls become sexually mature at the time of puberty. During menstrual period, woman bleeds from her uterus via the vagina. Menstruation is generally considered as unclean in our Nepali society. So, good hygienic practices such as the use of sanitary pads and adequate cleaning of the genital areas are essential during menstrual period.
Material and methods: The comparative study was carried out with adolescent girls studying in public and private schools in Kathmandu valley. A total of 100 adolescent girls, 50 from public school and another 50 from private schools were selected for the study and 25 from each group were taken for quantitative study as well. Two focus group discussions and five key-in-depth interviews were also done to identify the qualitative findings. Ethical approval was taken from NHRC. Quantitative data from the survey was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software.
Results: The age of the respondents ranges from 11 to 18 years. The mean age at menarche was 12.37 years in both public and private school adolescent girls. There is a statistically significant difference on the overall score of practice during menstruation between public and private school going adolescent girls.
Conclusion: Private school adolescent girls were more knowledgeable and maintain menstrual hygiene better as compared to public school adolescent girls.
A traumatic brain injury prognostic model to support in-hospital triage in a low-income country: a machine learning–based approach
Authors: Hernandes Rocha Thiago Augusto , Elahi Cyrus , Cristina da Silva Núbia , Sakita Francis M. , Fuller Anthony , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Green Eric P. , Haglund Michael M. , Staton Catherine A. , Nickenig Vissoci Joao Ricardo 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a disproportionate burden of this injury on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited access to diagnostic technologies and highly skilled providers combined with high patient volumes contributes to poor outcomes in LMICs. Prognostic modeling as a clinical decision support tool, in theory, could optimize the use of existing resources and support timely treatment decisions in LMICs. The objective of this study was to develop a machine learning–based prognostic model using data from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre in Moshi, Tanzania.METHODSThis study is a secondary analysis of a TBI data registry including 3138 patients. The authors tested nine different machine learning techniques to identify the prognostic model with the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Input data included demographics, vital signs, injury type, and treatment received. The outcome variable was the discharge score on the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended.RESULTSThe AUC for the prognostic models varied from 66.2% (k-nearest neighbors) to 86.5% (Bayesian generalized linear model). An increasing Glasgow Coma Scale score, increasing pulse oximetry values, and undergoing TBI surgery were predictive of a good recovery, while injuries suffered from a motor vehicle crash and increasing age were predictive of a poor recovery.CONCLUSIONSThe authors developed a TBI prognostic model with a substantial level of accuracy in a low-resource setting. Further research is needed to externally validate the model and test the algorithm as a clinical decision support tool.
Assessing variability in surgical decision making among attending neurosurgeons at an academic center
Authors: Ramayya Ashwin G. , Chen H. Isaac , Marcotte Paul J. , Brem Steven , Zager Eric L. , Osiemo Benjamin , Piazza Matthew , Sharma Nikhil , McClintock Scott D. , Schuster James M. , Ali Zarina S. , Connolly Patrick , Heuer Gregory G. , Grady M. Sean , Kung David K. , Ozturk Ali K. , O’Rourke Donald M. , Malhotra Neil R. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEAlthough it is known that intersurgeon variability in offering elective surgery can have major consequences for patient morbidity and healthcare spending, data addressing variability within neurosurgery are scarce. The authors performed a prospective peer review study of randomly selected neurosurgery cases in order to assess the extent of consensus regarding the decision to offer elective surgery among attending neurosurgeons across one large academic institution.METHODSAll consecutive patients who had undergone standard inpatient surgical interventions of 1 of 4 types (craniotomy for tumor [CFT], nonacute redo CFT, first-time spine surgery with/without instrumentation, and nonacute redo spine surgery with/without instrumentation) during the period 2015–2017 were retrospectively enrolled (n = 9156 patient surgeries, n = 80 randomly selected individual cases, n = 20 index cases of each type randomly selected for review). The selected cases were scored by attending neurosurgeons using a need for surgery (NFS) score based on clinical data (patient demographics, preoperative notes, radiology reports, and operative notes; n = 616 independent case reviews). Attending neurosurgeon reviewers were blinded as to performing provider and surgical outcome. Aggregate NFS scores across various categories were measured. The authors employed a repeated-measures mixed ANOVA model with autoregressive variance structure to compute omnibus statistical tests across the various surgery types. Interrater reliability (IRR) was measured using Cohen’s kappa based on binary NFS scores.RESULTSOverall, the authors found that most of the neurosurgical procedures studied were rated as “indicated” by blinded attending neurosurgeons (mean NFS = 88.3, all p values < 0.001) with greater agreement among neurosurgeon raters than expected by chance (IRR = 81.78%, p = 0.016). Redo surgery had lower NFS scores and IRR scores than first-time surgery, both for craniotomy and spine surgery (ANOVA, all p values < 0.01). Spine surgeries with fusion had lower NFS scores than spine surgeries without fusion procedures (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSThere was general agreement among neurosurgeons in terms of indication for surgery; however, revision surgery of all types and spine surgery with fusion procedures had the lowest amount of decision consensus. These results should guide efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary variability in surgical practice with the goal of effective allocation of healthcare resources to advance the value paradigm in neurosurgery.
Assessment of wakefulness during awake craniotomy to predict intraoperative language performance
Authors: Aabedi Alexander A. , Ahn EunSeon , Kakaizada Sofia , Valdivia Claudia , Young Jacob S. , Hervey-Jumper Heather , Zhang Eric , Sagher Oren , Weissman Daniel H. , Brang David , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEMaximal safe tumor resection in language areas of the brain relies on a patient’s ability to perform intraoperative language tasks. Assessing the performance of these tasks during awake craniotomies allows the neurosurgeon to identify and preserve brain regions that are critical for language processing. However, receiving sedation and analgesia just prior to experiencing an awake craniotomy may reduce a patient’s wakefulness, leading to transient language and/or cognitive impairments that do not completely subside before language testing begins. At present, the degree to which wakefulness influences intraoperative language task performance is unclear. Therefore, the authors sought to determine whether any of 5 brief measures of wakefulness predicts such performance during awake craniotomies for glioma resection.METHODSThe authors recruited 21 patients with dominant hemisphere low- and high-grade gliomas. Each patient performed baseline wakefulness measures in addition to picture-naming and text-reading language tasks 24 hours before undergoing an awake craniotomy. The patients performed these same tasks again in the operating room following the cessation of anesthesia medications. The authors then conducted statistical analyses to investigate potential relationships between wakefulness measures and language task performance.RESULTSRelative to baseline, performance on 3 of the 4 objective wakefulness measures (rapid counting, button pressing, and vigilance) declined in the operating room. Moreover, these declines appeared in the complete absence of self-reported changes in arousal. Performance on language tasks similarly declined in the intraoperative setting, with patients experiencing greater declines in picture naming than in text reading. Finally, performance declines on rapid counting and vigilance wakefulness tasks predicted performance declines on the picture-naming task.CONCLUSIONSCurrent subjective methods for assessing wakefulness during awake craniotomies may be insufficient. The administration of objective measures of wakefulness just prior to language task administration may help to ensure that patients are ready for testing. It may also allow neurosurgeons to identify patients who are at risk for poor intraoperative performance.
Intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Ironside Natasha , Buell Thomas J. , Southerland Andrew M. , Testai Fernando D. , Woo Daniel , Worrall Bradford B. , _ _ 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEThe utility of ICP monitoring and its benefit with respect to outcomes after ICH is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes in patients who underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring to those who were managed by care-guided imaging and/or clinical examination alone.METHODSThis was a retrospective analysis of data from the Ethnic/Racial variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH) study between 2010 and 2015. ICH patients who underwent ICP monitoring were propensity-score matched, in a 1:1 ratio, to those who did not undergo ICP monitoring. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, hyperosmolar therapy use, ICH evacuation, length of hospital stay, and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, excellent outcome (mRS score 0–1), good outcome (mRS score 0–2), Barthel Index, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; measured by EQ-5D and EQ-5D visual analog scale [VAS] scores). A secondary analysis for patients without intraventricular hemorrhage was performed.RESULTSThe ICP and no ICP monitoring cohorts comprised 566 and 2434 patients, respectively. The matched cohorts comprised 420 patients each. The 90-day and in-hospital mortality rates were similar between the matched cohorts. Shift analysis of 90-day mRS favored no ICP monitoring (p < 0.001). The rates of excellent (p < 0.001) and good (p < 0.001) outcome, Barthel Index (p < 0.001), EQ-5D score (p = 0.026), and EQ-5D VAS score (p = 0.004) at 90 days were lower in the matched ICP monitoring cohort. Rates of mannitol use (p < 0.001), hypertonic saline use (p < 0.001), ICH evacuation (p < 0.001), and infection (p = 0.001) were higher, and length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) was longer in the matched ICP monitoring cohort. In the secondary analysis, the matched cohorts comprised 111 patients each. ICP monitoring had a lower rate of 90-day mortality (p = 0.041). Shift analysis of 90-day mRS, Barthel Index, and HRQoL metrics were comparable between the matched cohorts.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study do not support the routine utilization of ICP monitoring in patients with ICH.
Aplikasi Pembelian Air Minum Isi Ulang Berbasis Android
Authors: Fajar Ratnawati  , Muhamad Azren  , Agus Tedyyana  
Published: May 2019

Pembelian air minum isi ulang sebagaimana diketahui adalah salah satu usaha jasa pengisian air minum yang semakin lama semakin banyak dikenal, pada saat ini para pembeli air minum isi ulang harus mendatangi depot hanya untuk membeli air minum isi ulang sehingga membuat masyarakat kesulitan untuk mencari air minum isi ulang, karena pembeli harus mencari lokasi depot terlebih dahulu dan membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama hanya untuk membeli air minum isi ulang. Oleh sebab itu berdasarkan masalah yang terjadi saat ini, dibuat aplikasi pembelian air minum isi ulang berbasis android. Aplikasi ini untuk melayani masyarakat dalam pembelian air minum isi ulang, dan pengusaha depot untuk membuka peluang usahanya melalui aplikasi tersebut. Aplikasi pembelian air minum isi ulang berbasis android ini dibangun menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java, PHP dan Database MySQL. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini dapat membantu dalam proses pembelian air minum isi ulang dan memilih jenis air dari depot. Aplikasi ini dapat berjalan dengan baik pada smartphone Android mulai dari versi 4.4.4 (Lollipop) hingga versi 8.0 (Oreo). Selain itu aplikasi ini juga dapat mempermudah kurir depot mengantar air minum isi ulang dengan tracking lokasi konsumen.

Kata kunci: : Aplikasi, Android, Pemesanan air minum

Abstract
The purchase of refill drinking water as it is known is one of the drinking water filling services businesses that are increasingly known, nowadays the buyers of refill drinking water must go to the depot only to buy refill drinking water which makes it difficult for people to find drinking water repeat, because the buyer must look for a depot location first and need a long time just to buy refill drinking water. Therefore, based on the problems that occur at this time, an application for purchasing refillable drinking water based on Android is made. This application is to serve the community in purchasing refill drinking water, and the depot businessman to open his business opportunities through the application. This Android-based refill drinking water purchase application was built using the Java programming language, PHP and MySQL Database. With this application can help in the process of purchasing water to drink refills and choose the type of water from the depot. This application can run well on Android smartphones ranging from version 4.4.4 (Lollipop) to version 8.0 (Oreo). In addition this application can also make it easier for depot couriers to deliver refill drinking water with the location tracking of consumers.
Keywords: Application, Android, Ordering drinking water
Crescimento de mudas de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) em diferentes tipos de substratos e recipientes
Authors: Miranda Jociela Gomes Neres , Souza Manoel Euzébio de , Maia Ana Heloisa 
Published: May 2019

A seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) originária da Amazônia tem como principal finalidade a produção de borracha para a fabricação de pneumáticos e diversos produtos importantes à sociedade. Devido a sua rusticidade, esta espécie se adapta a diferentes regiões brasileiras. Um dos aspectos importantes para o estabelecimento dos cultivos comerciais de seringueira envolve a qualidade de mudas, sendo o substrato aliado ao tamanho do recipiente um dos principais fatores para o desenvolvimento satisfatório da muda. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de seringueira cultivadas em diferentes substratos e tamanhos de recipientes. Os substratos utilizados foram Carolina Padrão comercial (testemunha); esterco bovino + bagaço de cana (1:1); húmus + bagaço de cana (1:1) e húmus e os recipientes foram sacos plásticos de polietileno nas dimensões de 25 x 35 cm, 18 x 32 cm e 20 x 30 cm, com delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados (DBC) em esquema fatorial 3x4, sendo os fatores analisados três recipientes (sacos plásticos com diferentes dimensões), quatro tipos de substratos e um clone de seringueira, com cinco repetições. A partir dos resultados obtidos no presente trabalho pode-se concluir que o substrato comercial é o mais indicado para o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de seringueira, nas condições do experimento. O mesmo combinado ao recipiente (saco de polietileno tamanho 20 x 30 cm) permitiu um maior comprimento de raízes, influenciando o estabelecimento de plântulas em condições de viveiro.
Influência do teor de argila nas relações entre os atributos químicos de solos no Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Soria José Eduardo , Troleis Maria Julia Betiolo , Alves Marcelo Rodrigo , Montanari Rafael , Andreotti Marcelo 
Published: May 2019

O conhecimento das relações entre os atributos do solo e seu comportamento é imprescindível para compreensão de sua influência na produtividade das culturas. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da granulometria em sua relação com atributos químicos na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliados 638 pontos amostrais, coletados em duas profundidades (0-0,25 e 0,25-0,50 m) compreendendo uma área de 18.600 ha, a qual foi avaliada por meio de análises de correlação e regressão para os atributos: teores de argila (AG), teor de matéria orgânica do solo (MO), capacidade de troca de cátions (T), pH em água (pH) e saturação de bases (V). O pH foi o atributo que apresentou a menor influência da variação da granulometria do solo. As relações, MOxT e pHxV, apresentaram variações de comportamento com o aumento do teor de argila. A correlação entre atributos do solo e produtividade das culturas não pode ser observada isoladamente, visto que o comportamento destes atributos e suas relações são alterados com a mudança do teor de argila, proporcionando assim diferenças de relações solo-planta.
Factors Related to Academic Success among Paramedic Students
Authors: Sobuwa Simpiwe , Lord Bill 
Published: May 2019

Background South Africa is one of the few countries to produce emergency care graduates in Africa. However, a large number of these graduates are emigrating from Africa. Although academic success has been studied in various contexts in Africa, none have looked into the Bachelor of Emergency Medical Care (BEMC). Maximising academic success in the BEMC might ensure a sustainable skilled workforce in an area which has a shortage of skilled personnel. Aims This study aimed to describe the socio-demographic variables of current South African BEMC students. We also aimed to describe whether any associations exist between socio-demographic variables, various racial groupings and repeating a year during the course of study. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among students enrolled for the BEMC in 2016. Continuous and categorical variables were analysed using descriptive statistics. The Fisher's exact test and Pearson chi-square test were used to test associations between the survey variables and repeating a year. Results A total of 176 participants responded to the survey. Having a pre-existing emergency care qualification was associated with not repeating a year on the BEMC (p=0.02). The statistical difference between race and not repeating a year in the BEMC was not significant (p=0.07). However, when the black-African and minority cohort are grouped together, it is significant (p=0.05). Conclusion A number of socio-demographics were described in this study. Students with pre-existing emergency care qualifications were least likely to repeat a year.