bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical concentrations of peroxidases cause dysbiosis in in vitro oral biofilms
Authors: Herrero E.R. , Boon N. , Bernaerts K. , Slomka V. , Verspecht T. , Quirynen M. , Teughels W. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectiveLittle is known about the initiation of dysbiosis in oral biofilms, a topic of prime importance for understanding the etiology of, and preventing, periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of crevicular and salivary peroxidase and catalase on dysbiosis in multispecies biofilms in vitro.Material and MethodsThe spotting technique was used to identify the effect of different concentrations of myeloperoxidase, lactoperoxidase, erythrocyte catalase, and horseradish peroxidase in salivary and crevicular fluid on the inhibitory effect of commensals on pathobiont growth. Vitality–quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to quantify the dysbiotic effect of the peroxidases (adjusted to concentrations found in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis) on multispecies microbial communities.ResultsAgar plate and multispecies ecology experiments showed that production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by commensal bacteria decreases pathobiont growth and colonization. Peroxidases at concentrations found in crevicular fluid and saliva neutralized this inhibitory effect. In multispecies communities, myeloperoxidase, at the crevicular fluid concentrations found in periodontitis, resulted in a 1‐3 Log increase in pathobionts when compared with the crevicular fluid concentrations found in periodontal health. The effect of salivary lactoperoxidase and salivary myeloperoxidase concentrations was, in general, similar to the effect of crevicular myeloperoxidase concentrations.ConclusionsCommensal species suppress pathobionts by producing H2O2. Catalase and peroxidases, at clinically relevant concentrations, can neutralize this effect and thereby can contribute to dysbiosis by allowing the outgrowth of pathobionts.
Impact of veA on the development, aggressiveness, dissemination and secondary metabolism of Penicillium expansum
Authors: El Hajj Assaf Christelle , Snini Selma P. , Tadrist Souria , Bailly Sylviane , Naylies Claire , Oswald Isabelle P. , Lorber Sophie , Puel Olivier 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPenicillium expansum, the causal agent of blue mould disease, produces the mycotoxins patulin and citrinin amongst other secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolism is associated with fungal development, which responds to numerous biotic and abiotic external triggers. The global transcription factor VeA plays a key role in the coordination of secondary metabolism and differentiation processes in many fungal species. The specific role of VeA in P. expansum remains unknown. A null mutant PeΔveA strain and a complemented PeΔveA:veA strain were generated in P. expansum and their pathogenicity on apples was studied. Like the wild‐type and the complemented strains, the null mutant PeΔveA strain was still able to sporulate and to colonize apples, but at a lower rate. However, it could not form coremia either in vitro or in vivo, thus limiting its dissemination from natural substrates. The impact of veA on the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the production of patulin, citrinin and other secondary metabolites was evaluated. The disruption of veA drastically reduced the production of patulin and citrinin on synthetic media, associated with a marked down‐regulation of all genes involved in the biosynthesis of the two mycotoxins. Moreover, the null mutant PeΔveA strain was unable to produce patulin on apples. The analysis of gene expression revealed a global impact on secondary metabolism, as 15 of 35 backbone genes showed differential regulation on two different media. These findings support the hypothesis that VeA contributes to the pathogenicity of P. expansum and modulates its secondary metabolism.
Olive anthracnose: a yield‐ and oil quality‐degrading disease caused by several species of Colletotrichum that differ in virulence, host preference and geographical distribution
Authors: Talhinhas Pedro , Loureiro Andreia , Oliveira Helena 
Published: March 2018

SummaryOlive anthracnose causes fruit rot leading to its drop or mummification, resulting in yield losses and the degradation of oil quality.Taxonomy and distributionThe disease is caused by diverse species of Colletotrichum, mostly clustering in the C. acutatum species complex. Colletotrichum nymphaeae and C. godetiae are the prevalent species in the Northern Hemisphere, whereas C. acutatum sensu stricto is the most frequent species in the Southern Hemisphere, although it is recently and quickly emerging in the Northern Hemisphere. The disease has been reported from all continents, but it attains higher incidence and severity in the west of the Mediterranean Basin, where it is endemic in traditional orchards of susceptible cultivars.Life cycleThe pathogens are able to survive on vegetative organs. On the fruit surface, infections remain quiescent until fruit maturity, when typical anthracnose symptoms develop. Under severe epidemics, defoliation and death of branches can also occur. Pathogen species differ in virulence, although this depends on the cultivar.ControlThe selection of resistant cultivars depends strongly on pathogen diversity and environmental conditions, posing added difficulties to breeding efforts. Chemical disease control is normally achieved with copper‐based fungicides, although this may be insufficient under highly favourable disease conditions and causes concern because of the presence of fungicide residues in the oil. In areas in which the incidence is high, farmers tend to anticipate harvest, with consequences in yield and oil characteristics.ChallengesOlive production systems, harvest and post‐harvest processing have experienced profound changes in recent years, namely new training systems using specific cultivars, new harvest and processing techniques and new organoleptic market requests. Changes are also occurring in both the geographical distribution of pathogen populations and the taxonomic framework. In addition, stricter rules concerning pesticide use are likely to have a strong impact on control strategies. A detailed knowledge of pathogen diversity, population dynamics and host–pathogen interactions is basal for the deployment of durable and effective disease control strategies, whether based on resistance breeding, agronomic practices or biological or chemical control.
Spheroid formation and stemness preservation of human periodontal ligament cells on chitosan films
Authors: Yan X‐Z , van den Beucken JJJP , Yuan C , Jansen JA , Yang F 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe therapeutic potential of periodontal ligament cells for periodontal regeneration gradually decreases when cultured as a monolayer in vitro. Three‐dimensional cell culture models provide an alternative to traditional monolayer cell culture. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the influence of spheroid culture on periodontal ligament cells.Materials and MethodsChitosan films were used to culture three‐dimensional periodontal ligament cell spheroids. The proliferation, self‐renewal, and osteogenic capacity of periodontal ligament cells derived from spheroids were evaluated and compared with cells cultured on a monolayer.ResultsViable spheroids of periodontal ligament cells were formed on chitosan films. Compared to monolayer cell culture, periodontal ligament cells exhibited decreased proliferation upon spheroid formation. In contrast, their expression of genes related to self‐renewal was significantly higher comparison with cells cultured in a monolayer. Moreover, the formation of periodontal ligament cell spheroids increased their colony‐forming unit ability and osteogenic differentiation capacity.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the successful use of chitosan films for the culture of periodontal ligament cell spheroids. Compared to cells cultured in monolayer, periodontal ligament cells in spheroids did not proliferate, but exhibited higher self‐renewal gene expression, colony‐forming unit and osteogenic capacity.
Cliticization and Abstract Case Assignment in Spanish
Authors: Romain Ian James 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBuilding on recent work that argues in favor of a return to movement analyses for clitics (Uriagereka & Raposo 2005, Boeckx & Gallego, Roberts,; Gallego), this paper explains why object clitics need to engage in probe/goal relations with agreeing verbs to value their Case features. A Case‐based account within Phase Theory (cf. Chomsky,,) allows us to account for previously difficult to explain intervention and other displacement effects associated with these elements, and it also predicts clitic placement in a wide variety of ECM and causative constructions. Clitics in these constructions are sensitive to the timing and location of Case‐assigning mechanisms on the finite embedding verb, highlighting the importance of Case theory in deriving ‘raising to object’ phenomena in Spanish.
Blood product transfusion and wastage rates in obstetric hemorrhage
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Cohn Claudia , Dillon Jessica , Eldib Howida , Jackson Bryon , Kaufman Richard , Murphy Michael F. , O'Brien Kerry , Raval Jay S. , Seheult Jansen , Staves Julie , Waters Jonathan H. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDBleeding emergencies can complicate pregnancies. Understanding the disposition of the products that are issued in this clinical setting can help inform inventory levels at hospitals where obstetric patients are seen.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPatients who had an obstetric hemorrhage of any etiology between January 2013 and June 2017, and whose resuscitation began with uncrossmatched red blood cells (RBCs) or emergency‐issued plasma or platelets (PLT), were included. The disposition of all blood products issued within 6 hours of the first uncrossmatched or emergency‐issued product was documented, as was basic patient demographic information.RESULTSIn total, 301 women with an obstetric hemorrhage from seven academic institutions were identified. Their mean ± standard deviation age was 30.9 ± 6.1 years, 45.2% delivered by Cesarean section, and 40.5% delivered vaginally, while 12% did not deliver. The largest single etiology of hemorrhage was related to abnormal placentation. Of the 2280 issued RBC units, 55% were transfused, 43% were returned, and 2% were wasted. The rates of transfusion of the other blood products ranged from 58% for plasma units to 82% for cryoprecipitate. Seventeen percent of the issued cryoprecipitate units were wasted, the highest of any blood product. The rate of a patient receiving a transfusion when at least one blood product had been ordered ranged from 74% for PLTs to 91% for cryoprecipitate.CONCLUSIONAlthough the rates of receiving a transfusion of at least one blood product when one is ordered was high, many of the issued units were returned, especially for RBCs.
Intraocular pressure reference intervals in eyes of clinically normal miniature donkeys (Equus africanusasinus)
Authors: Hibbs Carla D. , Barrett Paul M. , Dees D. Dustin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine intraocular pressure (IOP) reference intervals in eyes of healthy miniature donkeys (Equus africanusasinus) via rebound and applanation tonometry.MethodsComplete ophthalmic and physical examinations were performed by board‐certified veterinary ophthalmologists. Inclusion criteria for animals participating in this study were dictated by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) reference interval guidelines. Intraocular pressure estimates (TonoVet®and TonoPenXL®) were obtained in both eyes. Forty animals (San Angelo group) received intramuscular xylazine hydrochloride 10% and auriculopalpebral (AP) nerve blocks prior to obtaining measurements. Twenty‐two animals (Austin group) received no sedation orAPblock. Statistical analysis followedASVCPreference interval guidelines. Analysis was performed using the softwaresasV9 (SASInstitute Inc., Cary,NC,USA).ResultsFifty‐seven (114 eyes) healthy miniature donkeys were included in this study. The meanIOP± standard deviation (SD) was 25.75 ± 5.70 mm Hg for rebound tonometry with reference limits of 14.34 and 37.15. The meanIOP±SDwas 20.69 ± 5.06 mm Hg for applanation tonometry with reference limits of 12.82 and 33.38. No significant difference inIOPwas found between the Austin and San Angelo groups (P = .34). A significant difference was noted between rebound and applanationIOPestimates (P < .0001) with rebound tonometric values being higher.ConclusionsReference intervals forIOP's were established for this species. Intraocular pressure readings obtained by the rebound tonometer were significantly higher than with applanation. Sedation andAPblock did not affectIOPestimates.
Artemisinin based combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria management among children under five in Cameroon: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Okwen Patrick Mbah , Ngem Bedes , Chia Olivette Ndum , Cheabum Raphael , Moola Sandeep 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this evidence implementation project is to promote evidence-based practice in artemisinin-based combination therapy for managing uncomplicated malaria in children under five, thereby improving patient outcomes and resource utilization in the Bali Health District, Cameroon.

Introduction:
The burden of disease attributable to malaria has significantly improved in the last three years, however morbidity and mortality risks are still present, especially for children under five. In children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, there is strong evidence to suggest that artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is effective in treating malaria. The World Health Organization has strong recommendations with high-quality evidence guiding practice in the “test, treat and track” approach using microscopy, rapid diagnostics tests and ACTs.

Methods:
This evidence implementation project used the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (JBI PACES) and Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) audit and feedback tool for promoting evidence-based healthcare involving three phases of activity.

Results:
We compared compliance with best practice recommendations at baseline against a follow-up compliance at four months, following implementation of strategies identified. Compliance rates improved overall by 31% (R: 20–42) for all criteria and sites, with differences noticed between sites. Nineteen barriers were identified, stratified into clinician, community health worker, patient and policy maker related barriers.

Conclusions:
Despite existing barriers to evidence implementation, getting research into practice is possible and does improve quality of care.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies for managing delirium in hospitalized postoperative adults: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: McNeil Joan , Denis Anne Marie , Michel Urick , Concert Catherine M. 
Published: March 2018

Review question/objective:
The question of this review: What is the effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies for the management of delirium in hospitalized adult postoperative patients?
The objective of this umbrella review is to determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological strategies for the management of delirium in adult postoperative patients, 18 years and over, in an acute care hospitalized setting.
More specifically, the review aims to identify which non-pharmacological strategy/strategies, provided as a single strategy or combined as two or more strategies, is the most effective for management of delirium in hospitalized postoperative adult patients?
Dedicated education units as a clinical rotation for nursing students: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Harris Janet Y. , Keller Sheila , Hinton Elizabeth 
Published: March 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to explore the existing literature regarding student nurse and nursing faculty perceived experiences and outcomes of dedicated education units, to examine and conceptually map the evidence, and to identify any gaps in the literature. The question of this review is:What is known about student nurse and nursing faculty perceived experiences and outcomes with the use of a dedicated education unit as a clinical rotation?
Fibre sub‐type specific conduction reveals metabolic function in mouse sciatic nerve
Authors: Rich Laura R. , Brown Angus M. 
Published: March 2018

Key points
We have developed an improved method that enables simultaneous recording of stimulus evoked compound action potentials from large myelinated A fibres and small unmyelinated C fibres in mouse sciatic nerves.
Investigations into the ability of fructose to support conduction in sciatic nerve revealed a novel glia‐to‐axon metabolic pathway in which fructose is converted in Schwann cells to lactate for subsequent shuttling to A fibres. The C fibres most likely directly take up and metabolise fructose.
These differences are indicative of fibre sub‐type specific metabolic profiles.
These results demonstrate that the physiological insights provided by the method can be applied to investigations of peripheral nerve, with a view to understanding the metabolic disruptions that underlie diabetic neuropathy.
AbstractThe stimulus evoked compound action potential (CAP), recorded using suction electrodes, provides an index of the relative number of conducting axons within a nerve trunk. As such the CAP has been used to elucidate the diverse mechanisms of injury resulting from a variety of metabolic insults to central nervous white matter, whilst also providing a model with which to assess the benefits of clinically relevant neuroprotective strategies. In addition the technique lends itself to the study of metabolic cell‐to‐cell signalling that occurs between glial cells and neurones, and to exploring the ability of non‐glucose substrates to support axon conduction. Although peripheral nerves are sensitive to metabolic insult and are susceptible to diabetic neuropathy, there is a lack of fundamental information regarding peripheral nerve metabolism. A confounding factor in such studies is the extended duration demanded by the experimental protocol, requiring stable recording for periods of many hours. We describe a method that allows us to record simultaneously the stimulus evoked CAPs from A and C fibres from mouse sciatic nerve, and demonstrate its utility as applied to investigations into fibre sub‐type substrate use. Our results suggest that C fibres directly take up and metabolise fructose, whereas A fibre conduction is supported by fructose‐derived lactate, implying there exist unique metabolic profiles in neighbouring fibre sub‐types present within the same nerve trunk.
A DNA Vaccine Expressing Consensus Hemagglutinin-Esterase Fusion Protein Protected Guinea Pigs from Infection by Two Lineages of Influenza D Virus
Authors: Wan Yanmin , Kang Guobin , Sreenivasan Chithra , Daharsh Lance , Zhang Junfeng , Fan Wenjin , Wang Dan , Moriyama Hideaki , Li Feng , Li Qingsheng 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Two lineages of influenza D virus (IDV) have been found to infect cattle and promote bovine respiratory disease complex, one of the most commonly diagnosed causes of morbidity and mortality within the cattle industry. Furthermore, IDV can infect other economically important domestic livestock, including pigs, and has the potential to infect humans, which necessitates the need for an efficacious vaccine. In this study, we designed a DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein (FluD-Vax) and tested its protective efficacy against two lineages of IDV (D/OK and D/660) in guinea pigs. Animals that received FluD-Vax (
n
= 12) developed appreciable titers of neutralizing antibodies against IDV lineage representatives, D/OK and D/660. Importantly, vaccinated animals were protected against intranasal challenge with IDV [3 × 10
5
50% tissue culture infective dose(s) (TCID
50
)] D/OK (
n
= 6) or D/600 (
n
= 6), based on the absence of viral RNA in necropsied tissues (5 and 7 days postchallenge) using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and
in situ
hybridization. In contrast, animals that received a sham DNA vaccine (
n
= 12) had no detectable neutralizing antibodies against IDV, and viral RNA was readily detectable in respiratory tract tissues after intranasal challenge (3 × 10
5
TCID
50
) with IDV D/OK (
n
= 6) or D/660 (
n
= 6). Using a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) assay, we found that IDV D/OK and D/600 infections induced apoptosis in epithelial cells lining alveoli and bronchioles, as well as nonepithelial cells in lung tissues. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the consensus IDV HEF DNA vaccine can elicit complete protection against infection from two lineages of IDV in the guinea pig model.

IMPORTANCE
Influenza D virus (IDV) infection has been associated with bovine respiratory disease complex, one of the most devastating diseases of the cattle population. Moreover, with broad host range and high environmental stability, IDV has the potential to further gain virulence or even infect humans. An efficacious vaccine is needed to prevent infection and stop potential cross-species transmission. In this study, we designed a DNA vaccine encoding the consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein of two lineages of IDV (D/OK and D/660) and tested its efficacy in a guinea pig model. Our results showed that the consensus DNA vaccine elicited high-titer neutralizing antibodies and achieved sterilizing protection against two lineage-representative IDV intranasal infections. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that a DNA vaccine expressing consensus HEF is efficacious in preventing different lineages of IDV infections.
Adenovirus Vector Vaccination Impacts NK Cell Rheostat Function following Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Authors: Blass Eryn , Aid Malika , Martinot Amanda J. , Larocca Rafael A. , Kang Zi Han , Badamchi-Zadeh Alexander , Penaloza-MacMaster Pablo , Reeves R. Keith , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTNatural killer (NK) cells respond rapidly as a first line of defense against infectious pathogens. In addition, NK cells may provide a “rheostat” function and have been shown to reduce the magnitude of antigen-specific T cell responses following infection to avoid immunopathology. However, it remains unknown whether NK cells similarly modulate vaccine-elicited T cell responses following virus challenge. We used the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 infection model to address whether NK cells regulate T cell responses in adenovirus vector-vaccinated mice following challenge. As expected, NK cell depletion in unvaccinated mice resulted in increased virus-specific CD4+and CD8+T cell responses and immunopathology following LCMV challenge. In contrast, NK cell depletion had minimal to no impact on antigen-specific T cell responses in mice that were vaccinated with an adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-GP vector prior to LCMV challenge. Moreover, NK cell depletion in vaccinated mice prior to challenge did not result in immunopathology and did not compromise protective efficacy. These data suggest that adenovirus vaccine-elicited T cells may be less sensitive to NK cell rheostat regulation than T cells primed by LCMV infection.IMPORTANCERecent data have shown that NK cell depletion leads to enhanced virus-elicited T cell responses that can result in severe immunopathology following LCMV infection in mice. In this study, we observed that NK cells exerted minimal to no impact on vaccine-elicited T cells following LCMV challenge, suggesting that adenovirus vaccine-elicited T cells may be less subject to NK cell regulation. These data contribute to our understanding of NK cell regulatory functions and T cell-based vaccines.