bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Morphology of BiVO4 on Z‐scheme Photocatalyst of ZnIn2S4/RGO/BiVO4 for Hydrogen Generation Under Visible Light
Authors: Fan Yingying , Zhong Jian , Yang Ruijie , Zhu Rongshu , Tian Fei , Hu Longjun , Chen Qianqian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn our previous work, the ZnIn2S4‐RGO‐BiVO4 Z‐scheme system has been constructed successfully, which exhibits enhanced photoquantum yields and photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production. It is generally believed that morphology characteristics of catalysts is an important factor for achieving efficient photocatalytic activity. Therefore, in this work, the effect of BiVO4 morphology on photocatalytic activity of Z‐scheme system was investigated. A series of BiVO4 with the morphologies of dumbbell, globose, flake, flower‐like, acicular and massive shape were synthesized successfully using hydrothermal synthesis method. Then, using these BiVO4 as oxidation side photocatalyst, a series of ZnIn2S4/RGO/BiVO4 Z‐scheme photocatalysts were synthesized. Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the hydrogen production from water under visible‐light irradiation and the physicochemical properties were explored by various analytical techniques such as SEM, XRD, BET and Raman. It was found that the morphology of BiVO4 has a significant influence on the properties of ZnIn2S4/RGO/BiVO4, such as the self‐assembly of ZnIn2S4, the graphitization extents of RGO, and the special surface area of the Z‐scheme photocatalyst. Among the numbers Z‐scheme photocatalyst, the Z‐acicular shape photocatalyst has the best activity and its hydrogen production rate reaches 563.3μmol/(g⋅h).
Synthesis of New Sulfoximine‐Tethered Alkynones and Further Extension towards Metal‐Free Synthesis of Pyrimidines, Amino Pyrimidines, Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles
Authors: Reddy M. L. Chenna , Khan Fazlur Rahman Nawaz , Saravanan Vadivelu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA metal free and divergent synthetic method has been successfully developed for the synthesis of sulfoximine tethered pyrimidines, amino pyrimidines, pyrazoles and isoxazoles. Two key sulfoximine tethered alkynone intermediates ((tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)imino)(2‐oxo‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐yn‐1‐yl)(phenyl)‐λ6‐sulfanone (3 a) and ((tert‐butyldiphenylsilyl)imino)(2‐oxopent‐3‐yn‐1‐yl)(phenyl)‐λ6‐sulfanone (3 b), have been reported for the first time and were used as the common building blocks to construct these heterocycles. Good functional group tolerability was observed and the products were isolated in excellent yield.
Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Reduction of Nitroarenes Using Hybrid Ni@g‐C3N4 as Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Payra Soumen , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid Ni@g‐C3N4‐catalyzed highly chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes with high turnover frequency has been demonstrated using NaBH4 as source of hydrogen. Here, g‐C3N4 provides excellent stability to Ni(0) nanoparticles on its nitrogen rich surface and also facilitates the dissociation of NaBH4 resulting formation of active Νi‐H+ and Νi‐H‐ via cooperative effect.
Cu,N‐Codoped Carbon Nanodisks with Biomimic Stomata‐Like Interconnected Hierarchical Porous Topology as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Tao , Yang Rui , Shi Naien , Yang Jing , Yan Hongyu , Wang Junyi , Ding Zhen , Huang Wei , Luo Qing , Lin Yue , Gao Jian , Han Min 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal,N‐codoped carbon (M‐N‐C) nanostructures are promising electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or other gas‐involved energy electrocatalysis. Further creating pores into M‐N‐C nanostructures can increase their surface area, fully expose the active sites, and improve mass transfer and electrocatalytic efficiency. Nonetheless, it remains a challenge to fabricate M‐N‐C nanomaterials with both well‐defined morphology and hierarchical porous structures. Herein, high‐quality 2D Cu‐N‐C nanodisks (NDs) with biomimic stomata‐like interconnected hierarchical porous topology are synthesized via carbonization of Cu‐tetrapyridylporphyrin (TPyP)‐metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) precursors and followed by etching the carbonization product (Cu@Cu‐N‐C) along with re‐annealing treatment. Such hierarchical porous Cu‐N‐C NDs possess high specific surface area (293 m2 g−1) and more exposed Cu single‐atom sites, different from their counterparts (Cu@Cu‐N‐C) and pure N‐C control catalysts. Electrochemical tests in alkaline media reveal that they can efficiently catalyze ORR with a half‐wave potential of 0.85 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), comparable to Pt/C and outperforming Cu@Cu‐N‐C, N‐C, Cu‐TPyP‐MOFs, and most other reported M‐N‐C catalysts. Moreover, their stability and methanol‐tolerant capability exceed Pt/C. This work may shed some light on optimizing 2D M‐N‐C nanostructures through bio‐inspired pore structure engineering, and accelerate their applications in fuel cells, artificial photosynthesis, or other advanced technological fields.
Enzyme–Metal Hybrid Catalysts for Chemoenzymatic Reactions
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Cao Xun , Xiong Jiarong , Ge Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnzyme–metal hybrid catalysts (EMHCs), which combine enzymatic and metal catalysis, provide tremendous possibilities for new chemoenzymatic cascade reactions. Here, an overview of the representative achievements in the design of EMHCs and their applications in chemoenzymatic cascade reactions are presented. The preparation of hybrid catalysts is classified into two categories: coimmobilized enzyme–metal heterogeneous catalysts and carrier‐free enzyme–metal bioconjugates. Examples of one‐pot chemoenzymatic cascade processes catalyzed by the hybrid catalysts are then provided as potential applications. Finally, the limitations and future perspectives of EMHCs are discussed.
Wind turbine main‐bearing loading and wind field characteristics
Authors: Hart Edward , Turnbull Alan , Feuchtwang Julian , McMillan David , Golysheva Evgenia , Elliott Robin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between wind turbine main‐bearing loads and the characteristics of the incident wind field in which the wind turbine is operating. For a 2‐MW wind turbine model, fully aeroelastic multibody simulations are performed in 3D turbulent wind fields across the wind turbine's operational envelope. Hub loads are extracted and then injected into simplified drivetrain models of three types of main‐bearing configuration. The main‐bearing reaction loads and load ratios from the simplified model are presented and analysed. Results indicate that there is a strong link between wind field characteristics and the loading experienced by the main bearing(s), with the different bearing configurations displaying very different loading behaviours. Main‐bearing failure rates determined from operational data for two drivetrain configurations are also presented.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in severely injured patients: an international comparative assessment
Authors: Gunning Amy C. , Maier Ronald V. , de Rooij Doret , Leenen Luke P. H. , Hietbrink Falco 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Venous thromboembolisms (VTE) are a major concern after acute survival from trauma. Variations in treatment protocols for trauma patients exist worldwide. This study analyzes the differences in the number of VTE events and the associated complications of thromboprophylaxis between two level I trauma populations utilizing varying treatment protocols.

Methods
International multicenter trauma registry-based study was performed at the University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU) in The Netherlands (early commencement chemical prophylaxis), and Harborview Medical Center (HMC) in the United States (restrictive early chemical prophylaxis). All severely injured patients (ISS ≥ 16), aged ≥ 18 years, and admitted in 2013 were included. Primary outcomes were VTE [deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (no screening), pulmonary embolism (PE)], and hemorrhagic complications.

Results
In UMCU, 279 patients were included and in HMC, 974 patients. Overall, 75% of the admitted trauma patients in UMCU and 81% in HMC (p < 0.001) received thromboprophylaxis, of which 100% in and 75% at, respectively, UMCU and HMC consisted of chemical prophylaxis. From these patients, 72% at UMCU and 47% at HMC (p < 0.001) were treated within 48 h after arrival. At UMCU, 4 patients (1.4%) (PE = 3, DVT = 1) and HMC 37 patients (3.8%) (PE = 22, DVT = 16; p = 0.06) developed a VTE. At UMCU, a greater percent of patients with VTE had traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Most VTE occurred despite adequate prophylaxis being given (75% UMCU and 81% HMC). Hemorrhagic complications occurred in, respectively, 4 (1.4%) and 10 (1%) patients in UMCU and HMC (p = 0.570). After adjustment for age, ISS, HLOS, and injury type, no significant difference was demonstrated in UMCU compared to HMC for the development of VTE, OR 2.397, p = 0.102 and hemorrhagic complications, OR 0. 586, p = 0.383.

Conclusions
A more early commencement protocol resulted in almost twice as much chemical prophylaxis being started within the first 48 h in comparison with a more delayed initiation of treatment. Interestingly, most episodes of VTE developed while receiving recommended prophylaxis. Early chemical thromboprophylaxis did not significantly increase the bleeding complications and it appears to be safe to start early.
Enhanced production of heterologous proteins via engineering the cell surface of Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Mo Fei , Cai Dongbo , He Penghui , Yang Fan , Chen Yaozhong , Ma Xin , Chen Shouwen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cell surface engineering was proven as the efficient strategy for enhanced production of target metabolites. In this study, we want to improve the yield of target protein by engineering cell surface in Bacillus licheniformis. First, our results confirmed that deletions of d-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid synthetase gene dltD, cardiolipin synthase gene clsA and CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase gene pssA were not conducive to cell growth, and the biomass of gene deletion strains were, respectively, decreased by 10.54 ± 1.43%, 14.17 ± 1.51%, and 17.55 ± 1.28%, while the concentrations of total extracellular proteins were improved, due to the increases of cell surface net negative charge and cell membrane permeability. In addition, the activities of target proteins, nattokinase, and α-amylase were also improved significantly in gene deletion strains. Furthermore, the triplicate gene (dltD, clsA, and pssA) deletion strain was constructed, which further led to the 45.71 ± 2.43% increase of cell surface net negative charge and 26.45 ± 2.31% increase of cell membrane permeability, and the activities of nattokinase and α-amylase reached 37.15 ± 0.89 FU/mL and 305.3 ± 8.4 U/mL, increased by 46.09 ± 3.51% and 96.34 ± 7.24%, respectively. Taken together, our results confirmed that cell surface engineering via deleting dltD, clsA, and pssA is an efficient strategy for enhanced production of target proteins, and this research provided a promising host strain of B. licheniformis for efficient protein expression.
Cardiovascular Disease and Hair Cortisol: a Novel Biomarker of Chronic Stress
Authors: Iob Eleonora , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review focuses on the concentration of cortisol in human hair as a biomarker of chronic stress in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We outline the cardiovascular consequences of cortisol excess and provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies investigating the relationship of hair cortisol with CVD. In addition, clinical implications and limitations of the evidence are discussed, together with directions for future research.

Recent Findings
Hair cortisol may be a reliable biomarker of chronic stress since it provides quantification of total cortisol secreted into hair over several weeks. A growing body of evidence suggests that elevated hair cortisol levels are associated with both the incidence of CVD and poorer recovery and treatment outcomes. Moreover, increased hair cortisol concentration has been linked with established cardiometabolic risk factors for CVD including high blood pressure, diabetes, and adiposity.

Summary
Hair cortisol is a promising biomarker of chronic cortisol excess which may contribute to both the pathogenesis and prognosis of CVD. However, the current evidence relies on small-scale cross-sectional studies. Further research adopting longitudinal designs across larger samples of CVD patients and healthy participants is required to inform the development of novel evidence-based interventions.
Children's cognitive appraisal moderates associations between psychologically controlling parenting and children's depressive symptoms
Authors: Cheah Charissa S.L. , Yu Jing , Liu Junsheng , Coplan Robert J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study examined three different types of Chinese children and adolescents' perceptions of psychologically controlling parenting (love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming), their cognitive appraisals of such parenting, and their depressive symptoms. Specifically, the moderating role of children's cognitive appraisal on the association between each type of psychologically controlling parenting and children's depressive symptoms was assessed. Child age and gender effects were also explored.MethodsChildren (n = 992, Mage = 10.23 years) and adolescents (n = 427, Mage = 13.56 years) in Shanghai, China, reported on their parents' engagement in love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming practices, their appraisals of how much they thought their parents engaged in each of these parenting practices for their (the children's) own good, and depressive symptoms.ResultsModerated multiple regressions revealed that parental love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming were associated with more depressive symptoms, which were buffered by children's positive interpretations. Moreover, the moderating effects of positive parenting interpretations were stronger for adolescents than for younger children, but no gender differences in the moderation effects were found.ConclusionsOverall, our findings revealed the critical role of child cognitive appraisals in the effects of parenting practices on child outcomes and highlighted the importance of examining the meaning and function of different dimensions of psychological control within a specific cultural context. Important developmental differences in the role of these cognitive appraisals and the effects of specific parenting practices were also identified.
Decreasing time to first shock: Routine application of defibrillation pads in prehospital STEMI
Authors: Felder Sarah , VanAarsen Kristine , Davis Matthew 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionFour percent of ST-elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs) are complicated by an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Research has shown that shorter time to initial defibrillation in patients with ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VF/VT) arrests increases favourable neurologic survival. The purpose of this study is to determine whether routine application of defibrillation pads in patients with prehospital STEMI decreases the time to initial defibrillation in those who suffer OHCA.MethodsThis was a health records review for adult patients diagnosed with STEMI in the prehospital setting from January 2012 to July 2016. Patients were included if they had a 12 lead ECG indicative of STEMI and subsequently suffered VF/VT OHCA while in paramedic care. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the “pads-on” protocol in a pre (Jan 2012-May 2014) /post implementation fashion (Jun 2014- Jul 2016). Records were reviewed for relevant patient and event features. T-test was used to measure the difference between mean times to defibrillation.Results446 patients were diagnosed with prehospital STEMI. 11 suffered OHCA while in paramedic care. The mean (SD) age was 66.0 (9.3) and 55% were female. In the 4 patients treated with the “pads-on” protocol, the mean time to initial defibrillation was 17.7 seconds, compared to 72.7 seconds in patients who had pads applied following arrest (Δ 55.0 sec [95% CI 22.7–87.2 s]).ConclusionRoutine application of defibrillation pads in STEMI patients who suffer OHCA decreases time to initial defibrillation, which has previously been demonstrated to increase favourable neurologic survival.
The changing views of Antarctica
Authors: Meduna Veronika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReporting on scientific research from Antarctica faces familiar tensions between journalism and science. Among the particular obstacles are the mainstream media’s focus on novelty and the constant need for new angles and new voices. While science journalism has been gaining recognition, many media organisations continue to view it as secondary to more traditional areas of reporting such as politics, business and sports. At a time when we face several environmental crises, that is arguably no longer representative of reality. Coverage of Antarctic issues, including science, could improve if editorial teams were more cross-disciplinary to extend beyond each individual’s boundaries of expertise.
Zircon U‐Pb Chronostratigraphy and Provenance of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit and the Nature of the Contact With the Cycladic Basement on Sikinos and Ios Islands, Greece
Authors: Poulaki Eirini M. , Stockli Daniel F. , Flansburg Megan E. , Soukis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSikinos and Ios Islands, located in the Southern Cyclades, represent part of a Cenozoic metamorphic core complex system that exposes subduction‐related metamorphic rocks in the highly extended back‐arc region of the Hellenic subduction zone. These exhumed HP‐LT metamorphic units are composed of Mesozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) and the Paleozoic Cycladic Basement (CB). The magmatic and stratigraphic evolution of these units, as well as the nature of the contact between the CBU and CB, have remained poorly understood. We used zircon U‐Pb dating to determine crystallization ages of the CB on Sikinos and the maximum deposition ages and detrital provenance of the metasedimentary units to reconstruct the Mesozoic to early Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the CBU on both islands. The results reveal that the CB in Sikinos is composed of Cambrian‐Silurian metasedimentary rocks intruded by Carboniferous granites and is overlain by metasedimentary rocks of the CBU with depositional ages spanning from Permo‐Triassic to Late Cretaceous. The provenance data from the CBU records a long‐lived tectonic evolution from Paleo‐Tethys subduction and rifting, to passive margin formation, and to subduction of the Neo‐Tethyan Pindos basin. The continuous stratigraphic record and provenance evolution from the CB into the CBU imply a para‐autochthonous relationship. On NE Sikinos and Ios, stratigraphic constraints suggest older‐over‐younger relationships along cryptic‐thrusts, supporting premetamorphic or synmetamorphic structural repetition of the CBU by imbrication, likely during subduction underplating.
Magnetic Local Time‐Resolved Examination of Radiation Belt Dynamics during High‐Speed Solar Wind Speed‐Triggered Substorm Clusters
Authors: Rodger Craig J. , Turner Drew L. , Clilverd Mark A. , Hendry Aaron T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParticle observations from low Earth orbiting satellites are used to undertake superposed epoch analysis around clusters of substorms, in order to investigate radiation belt dynamical responses to mild geomagnetic disturbances. Medium energy electrons and protons have drift periods long enough to discriminate between processes occurring at different magnetic local time, such as magnetopause shadowing, plasma wave activity, and substorm injections. Analysis shows that magnetopause shadowing produces clear loss in proton and electron populations over a wide range of L‐shells, initially on the dayside, which interacts with nightside substorm‐generated flux enhancements following charge‐dependent drift directions. Inner magnetospheric injections recently identified as an important source of tens to hundreds keV electrons at low L (L<3), occurring during similar solar wind‐driving conditions as recurrent substorms, show similar but more enhanced geomagnetic AU‐index signatures. Twofold increases in substorm occurrence at the time of the sudden particle enhancements at low L shells (SPELLS) suggest a common linkage.
MMS Observations of Multiscale Hall Physics in the Magnetotail
Authors: Alm Love , André Mats , Graham Daniel B. , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Vaivads Andris , Chappell Charles. R. , Dargent Jérémy , Fuselier Stephen A. , Haaland Stein , Lavraud Benoit , Li Wenya , Tenfjord Paul , Toledo‐Redondo Sergio , Vines Sarah K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) observations of Hall physics in the magnetotail, which compared to dayside Hall physics is a relatively unexplored topic. The plasma consists of electrons, moderately cold ions (T∼1.5 keV) and hot ions (T∼20 keV). MMS can differentiate between the cold ion demagnetization region and hot ion demagnetization regions, which suggests that MMS was observing multiscale Hall physics. The observed Hall electric field is compared with a generalized Ohm's law, accounting for multiple ion populations. The cold ion population, despite its relatively high initial temperature, has a significant impact on the Hall electric field. These results show that multiscale Hall physics is relevant over a much larger temperature range than previously observed and is relevant for the whole magnetosphere as well as for other astrophysical plasma.
Will the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Satellite Mission Observe Floods?
Authors: Frasson Renato Prata de Moraes , Schumann Guy J.‐P. , Kettner Albert J. , Brakenridge G. Robert , Krajewski Witold F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will measure water surface elevations and inundation extents of rivers of the world but with limited temporal sampling. By comparing flood location and duration of 4,664 past flood events recorded by the Dartmouth Flood Observatory to SWOT's orbit ephemeris, we estimate that SWOT would have seen 55% of these, with higher probabilities associated with more extreme events and with those that displaced more than 10,000 people. However, SWOT measurements will exhibit uneven temporal sampling and may require a combination of data obtained at different times to accurately characterize large events. This is illustrated using recent flooding in the United States, in eastern Iowa and in Houston and surrounding areas from Hurricane Harvey. SWOT data have significant potential to improve flood forecasting models by offering data needed to enhance flow routing modeling, provided that users can overcome the potential hurdles associated with its temporal and spatial sampling characteristics.