bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive cycle of the tetra Astyanax bimaculatus (Characiformes: Characidae) collected in Amazonian streams
Authors: Cordeiro Jhennifer Gomes , Rodrigues Jeane , Rodrigues Maira da Silva , Bertolini Rafaela Manchin , Nóbrega Rafael Henrique , Yasui George Shigueki , Maximino Caio , Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique de 
Published: October 2019

SummaryA histological characterization of gonadal development in the tetra Astyanax bimaculatus was performed, aimed at determining its reproductive cycle in streams localized inside the Amazonian forest. Collections were carried out monthly from August 2017 to July 2018 at the Zoobotânica Foundation of Marabá, PA. Collected specimens were weighed and measured, and their gonads and liver were removed and weighed to calculate gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes. Gonads were fixed and treated for routine histology for light microscopy. Materials were stained with toluidine blue and haematoxylin and eosin. The Amazonian A. bimaculatus species presented two reproductive periods in the year, one at the end of the winter season and another during the summer. Females showed an asynchronous development of their oocytes and only two reproductive phases of development were observed during the whole period ‘developing’ and ‘spawning capable’. Males presented cystic spermatogenesis, with an anastomosing tubular testis containing spermatogonia spread along the germinal epithelium (unrestricted spermatogonial). These morphological characteristics are considered phylogenetically more primitive. Male specimens were observed to have five different phases during the period: immature, initial maturation, mid maturation, final maturation and regression. The huge fluctuations in Amazonian streams was observed, in which water volumes varied considerably across seasons, culminating even in total drought. In spite of this, A. bimaculatus could be found during all seasons, showing its impressive reproductive adaptation to its conditions.
Rethinking global mental health and its priorities
Authors: Saraceno B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Global mental health (GMH) seems to enjoy increasing visibility in the global health and development discourse. However, this visibility implies also the urgency of addressing few questions about new priority setting in the domains of policy, care delivery, service organisation and research. Even before trying to answer these questions, rethinking more deeply the notion and implications of GMH seems to be a useful collective exercise. Some unanswered questions should be at the core of this exercise: Is GMH really global or rather Western? Is GMH concerned enough with local context? Is GMH too unbalanced towards a biomedical model? What are the consequences of the predominant emphasis given by GMH on common mental disorders and primary care level on people with severe mental disabilities? GMH is not global but rather it is hegemonised by western institutions. It would be useful to have an independent and very inclusive think tank which should promote a global debate on these issues and offer an unbiased support to WHO.
Signal Frequency Dependence of Ionospheric Scintillations: An Indicator of Irregularity Spectrum Characteristics
Authors: Bhattacharyya A. , Gurram P. , Kakad B. , Sripathi S. , Sunda S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultifrequency scintillation observations show that strong amplitude scintillations on very high frequency (VHF) signals are accompanied by weak L‐band scintillations near the dip equator and strong L‐band scintillations in equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region. For several decades this has been attributed to higher ambient plasma density in the EIA region. Recent work suggests that occurrence of stronger L‐band scintillations in the EIA region requires that the intermediate‐scale (~100 m to few km) ionospheric irregularity spectrum in this region be significantly shallower than that in the equatorial region. However, this has not been established so far. Signal frequency dependence of amplitude scintillations is characterized by the frequency exponent that determines the dependence on signal frequency of the S4 index: the standard deviation of normalized intensity fluctuations. In this paper, theoretical calculations of the frequency exponent for VHF and L‐band signals are carried out using different irregularity spectra and compared with observations in order to characterize power‐law irregularity spectra in different latitude zones. Intermediate‐scale irregularities in the equatorial and low‐latitude region, which are aligned with the geomagnetic field, are described by a two‐dimensional model. Model simulations show that the frequency exponent derived from S4 indices for VHF and L‐band signals is determined only by the characteristics of the irregularity spectrum and hence can be utilized to identify the nature of the power‐law irregularity spectrum. Frequency exponents computed using VHF and L‐band observations near the dip equator and EIA regions show distinct patterns, which clearly indicate steep and shallow irregularity spectra, respectively, in these regions.
Effects of Energetic Electron and Proton Precipitations on Thermospheric Nitric Oxide Cooling During Shock‐Led Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Lin Cissi Y. , Deng Yue , Knipp Delores J. , Kilcommons Liam M. , Fang Xiaohua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSatellite measurements have revealed significant enhancement of 5.3‐μm nitric oxide (NO) emission during shock‐led interplanetary coronal mass ejections. Great discrepancies in modeled neutral density occur during these events and may be attributed to the abnormally high NO cooling. Meanwhile, the relative significance of protons, soft electrons, and keV‐electrons to NO emission is yet to be well determined. The goal of this study is to identify the contribution of electron and proton precipitations to the thermospheric NO cooling by using the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) data. The observed energetic electrons and protons (0.1–30.2 keV) during 36 shock‐led interplanetary coronal mass ejection events in 2002–2010 are binned into geomagnetic grids to provide statistical distributions of the particle precipitation for polar regions. The distributions are incorporated into the Global Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Model. The results show that electrons play a dominant role to NO cooling, but protons are also important and contribute to up to a quarter of NO cooling by electrons and ions combined. NO cooling enhancement during the events is proportional to the level of energy flux and is dominated by the electrons in the energy band of 1.4–3.1 keV. Both total electron content (TEC) and NO cooling enhance at the source regions, but they have different lifetime and correlation with the particle precipitations. Generally, NO cooling and TEC enhancements have a positive correlation with the precipitating energy. Cross correlation shows that particle precipitations have more instantaneous impact on TEC while it takes longer for the atmosphere to heat up for cooling to proceed.
High-potency ligands for DREADD imaging and activation in rodents and monkeys
Authors: Bonaventura Jordi , Eldridge Mark A. G. , Hu Feng , Gomez Juan L. , Sanchez-Soto Marta , Abramyan Ara M. , Lam Sherry , Boehm Matthew A. , Ruiz Christina , Farrell Mitchell R. , Moreno Andrea , Galal Faress Islam Mustafa , Andersen Niels , Lin John Y. , Moaddel Ruin , Morris Patrick J. , Shi Lei , Sibley David R. , Mahler Stephen V. , Nabavi Sadegh , Pomper Martin G. , Bonci Antonello , Horti Andrew G. , Richmond Barry J. , Michaelides Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDesigner Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are a popular chemogenetic technology for manipulation of neuronal activity in uninstrumented awake animals with potential for human applications as well. The prototypical DREADD agonist clozapine N-oxide (CNO) lacks brain entry and converts to clozapine, making it difficult to apply in basic and translational applications. Here we report the development of two novel DREADD agonists, JHU37152 and JHU37160, and the first dedicated 18F positron emission tomography (PET) DREADD radiotracer, [18F]JHU37107. We show that JHU37152 and JHU37160 exhibit high in vivo DREADD potency. [18F]JHU37107 combined with PET allows for DREADD detection in locally-targeted neurons, and at their long-range projections, enabling noninvasive and longitudinal neuronal projection mapping.
A systematic evaluation of single cell RNA-seq analysis pipelines
Authors: Vieth Beate , Parekh Swati , Ziegenhain Christoph , Enard Wolfgang , Hellmann Ines 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe recent rapid spread of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods has created a large variety of experimental and computational pipelines for which best practices have not yet been established. Here, we use simulations based on five scRNA-seq library protocols in combination with nine realistic differential expression (DE) setups to systematically evaluate three mapping, four imputation, seven normalisation and four differential expression testing approaches resulting in ~3000 pipelines, allowing us to also assess interactions among pipeline steps. We find that choices of normalisation and library preparation protocols have the biggest impact on scRNA-seq analyses. Specifically, we find that library preparation determines the ability to detect symmetric expression differences, while normalisation dominates pipeline performance in asymmetric DE-setups. Finally, we illustrate the importance of informed choices by showing that a good scRNA-seq pipeline can have the same impact on detecting a biological signal as quadrupling the sample size.
A Chlamydia pneumoniae adhesin induces phosphatidylserine exposure on host cells
Authors: Galle Jan N. , Fechtner Tim , Eierhoff Thorsten , Römer Winfried , Hegemann Johannes H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn mammalian cells, the internal and external leaflets of the plasma membrane (PM) possess different phospholipids. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is normally confined to the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane leaflet. Here we report that the adhesin CPn0473 of the human pathogenic bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) binds to the PM of human cells and induces PS externalization but unexpectedly not apoptosis. PS externalization is increased in human cells exposed to infectious Cpn cells expressing increased CPn0473 and reduced in exposure to Cpn expressing decreased CPn0473. CPn0473 binds specifically to synthetic membranes carrying PS and stimulates pore formation. Asymmetric giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) in which PS is restricted to the inner leaflet reveal that CPn0473 induces PS externalization in the absence of other proteins. Thus our identification of CPn0473 as a bacterial PS translocator capable of specific and apoptosis-independent PS externalization during infection extends the spectrum of mechanisms intracellular pathogens use to enter host cells.
TFPa/HADHA is required for fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiolipin re-modeling in human cardiomyocytes
Authors: Miklas Jason W. , Clark Elisa , Levy Shiri , Detraux Damien , Leonard Andrea , Beussman Kevin , Showalter Megan R. , Smith Alec T. , Hofsteen Peter , Yang Xiulan , Macadangdang Jesse , Manninen Tuula , Raftery Daniel , Madan Anup , Suomalainen Anu , Kim Deok-Ho , Murry Charles E. , Fiehn Oliver , Sniadecki Nathan J. , Wang Yuliang , Ruohola-Baker Hannele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, due to mutations in hydratase subunit A (HADHA), results in sudden infant death syndrome with no cure. To reveal the disease etiology, we generated stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from HADHA-deficient hiPSCs and accelerated their maturation via an engineered microRNA maturation cocktail that upregulated the epigenetic regulator, HOPX. Here we report, matured HADHA mutant cardiomyocytes treated with an endogenous mixture of fatty acids manifest the disease phenotype: defective calcium dynamics and repolarization kinetics which results in a pro-arrhythmic state. Single cell RNA-seq reveals a cardiomyocyte developmental intermediate, based on metabolic gene expression. This intermediate gives rise to mature-like cardiomyocytes in control cells but, mutant cells transition to a pathological state with reduced fatty acid beta-oxidation, reduced mitochondrial proton gradient, disrupted cristae structure and defective cardiolipin remodeling. This study reveals that HADHA (tri-functional protein alpha), a monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase-like enzyme, is required for fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiolipin remodeling, essential for functional mitochondria in human cardiomyocytes.
Sustained elevation of MG53 in the bloodstream increases tissue regenerative capacity without compromising metabolic function
Authors: Bian Zehua , Wang Qiang , Zhou Xinyu , Tan Tao , Park Ki Ho , Kramer H. Fritz , McDougal Alan , Laping Nicholas J. , Kumar Sanjay , Adesanya T. M. Ayodele , Sermersheim Matthew , Yi Frank , Wang Xinxin , Wu Junwei , Gumpper Kristyn , Jiang Qiwei , He Duofen , Lin Pei-Hui , Li Haichang , Guan Fangxia , Zhou Jingsong , Kohr Mark J. , Zeng Chunyu , Zhu Hua , Ma Jianjie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMG53 is a muscle-specific TRIM-family protein that presides over the cell membrane repair response. Here, we show that MG53 present in blood circulation acts as a myokine to facilitate tissue injury-repair and regeneration. Transgenic mice with sustained elevation of MG53 in the bloodstream (tPA-MG53) have a healthier and longer life-span when compared with littermate wild type mice. The tPA-MG53 mice show normal glucose handling and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, and sustained elevation of MG53 in the bloodstream does not have a deleterious impact on db/db mice. More importantly, the tPA-MG53 mice display remarkable dermal wound healing capacity, enhanced muscle performance, and improved injury-repair and regeneration. Recombinant human MG53 protein protects against eccentric contraction-induced acute and chronic muscle injury in mice. Our findings highlight the myokine function of MG53 in tissue protection and present MG53 as an attractive biological reagent for regenerative medicine without interference with glucose handling in the body.
Contribution of retrotransposition to developmental disorders
Authors: Gardner Eugene J. , Prigmore Elena , Gallone Giuseppe , Danecek Petr , Samocha Kaitlin E. , Handsaker Juliet , Gerety Sebastian S. , Ironfield Holly , Short Patrick J. , Sifrim Alejandro , Singh Tarjinder , Chandler Kate E. , Clement Emma , Lachlan Katherine L. , Prescott Katrina , Rosser Elisabeth , FitzPatrick David R. , Firth Helen V. , Hurles Matthew E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMobile genetic Elements (MEs) are segments of DNA which can copy themselves and other transcribed sequences through the process of retrotransposition (RT). In humans several disorders have been attributed to RT, but the role of RT in severe developmental disorders (DD) has not yet been explored. Here we identify RT-derived events in 9738 exome sequenced trios with DD-affected probands. We ascertain 9 de novo MEs, 4 of which are likely causative of the patient’s symptoms (0.04%), as well as 2 de novo gene retroduplications. Beyond identifying likely diagnostic RT events, we estimate genome-wide germline ME mutation rate and selective constraint and demonstrate that coding RT events have signatures of purifying selection equivalent to those of truncating mutations. Overall, our analysis represents a comprehensive interrogation of the impact of retrotransposition on protein coding genes and a framework for future evolutionary and disease studies.
In vivo engineered extracellular matrix scaffolds with instructive niches for oriented tissue regeneration
Authors: Zhu Meifeng , Li Wen , Dong Xianhao , Yuan Xingyu , Midgley Adam C. , Chang Hong , Wang Yuhao , Wang Haoyu , Wang Kai , Ma Peter X. , Wang Hongjun , Kong Deling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImplanted scaffolds with inductive niches can facilitate the recruitment and differentiation of host cells, thereby enhancing endogenous tissue regeneration. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from cultured cells or natural tissues exhibit superior biocompatibility and trigger favourable immune responses. However, the lack of hierarchical porous structure fails to provide cells with guidance cues for directional migration and spatial organization, and consequently limit the morpho-functional integration for oriented tissues. Here, we engineer ECM scaffolds with parallel microchannels (ECM-C) by subcutaneous implantation of sacrificial templates, followed by template removal and decellularization. The advantages of such ECM-C scaffolds are evidenced by close regulation of in vitro cell activities, and enhanced cell infiltration and vascularization upon in vivo implantation. We demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of these scaffolds by regenerating vascularized and innervated neo-muscle, vascularized neo-nerve and pulsatile neo-artery with functional integration. This strategy has potential to yield inducible biomaterials with applications across tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Snow depth variability in the Northern Hemisphere mountains observed from space
Authors: Lievens Hans , Demuzere Matthias , Marshall Hans-Peter , Reichle Rolf H. , Brucker Ludovic , Brangers Isis , de Rosnay Patricia , Dumont Marie , Girotto Manuela , Immerzeel Walter W. , Jonas Tobias , Kim Edward J. , Koch Inka , Marty Christoph , Saloranta Tuomo , Schöber Johannes , De Lannoy Gabrielle J. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccurate snow depth observations are critical to assess water resources. More than a billion people rely on water from snow, most of which originates in the Northern Hemisphere mountain ranges. Yet, remote sensing observations of mountain snow depth are still lacking at the large scale. Here, we show the ability of Sentinel-1 to map snow depth in the Northern Hemisphere mountains at 1 km² resolution using an empirical change detection approach. An evaluation with measurements from ~4000 sites and reanalysis data demonstrates that the Sentinel-1 retrievals capture the spatial variability between and within mountain ranges, as well as their inter-annual differences. This is showcased with the contrasting snow depths between 2017 and 2018 in the US Sierra Nevada and European Alps. With Sentinel-1 continuity ensured until 2030 and likely beyond, these findings lay a foundation for quantifying the long-term vulnerability of mountain snow-water resources to climate change.
Structure and functional implications of WYL domain-containing bacterial DNA damage response regulator PafBC
Authors: Müller Andreas U. , Leibundgut Marc , Ban Nenad , Weber-Ban Eilika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn mycobacteria, transcriptional activator PafBC is responsible for upregulating the majority of genes induced by DNA damage. Understanding the mechanism of PafBC activation is impeded by a lack of structural information on this transcription factor that contains a widespread, but poorly understood WYL domain frequently encountered in bacterial transcription factors. Here, we determine the crystal structure of Arthrobacter aurescens PafBC. The protein consists of two modules, each harboring an N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain followed by a central WYL and a C-terminal extension (WCX) domain. The WYL domains exhibit Sm-folds, while the WCX domains adopt ferredoxin-like folds, both characteristic for RNA-binding proteins. Our results suggest a mechanism of regulation in which WYL domain-containing transcription factors may be activated by binding RNA or other nucleic acid molecules. Using an in vivo mutational screen in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we identify potential co-activator binding sites on PafBC.
Few-cycle laser driven reaction nanoscopy on aerosolized silica nanoparticles
Authors: Rupp Philipp , Burger Christian , Kling Nora G. , Kübel Matthias , Mitra Sambit , Rosenberger Philipp , Weatherby Thomas , Saito Nariyuki , Itatani Jiro , Alnaser Ali S. , Raschke Markus B. , Rühl Eckart , Schlander Annika , Gallei Markus , Seiffert Lennart , Fennel Thomas , Bergues Boris , Kling Matthias F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNanoparticles offer unique properties as photocatalysts with large surface areas. Under irradiation with light, the associated near-fields can induce, enhance, and control molecular adsorbate reactions on the nanoscale. So far, however, there is no simple method available to spatially resolve the near-field induced reaction yield on the surface of nanoparticles. Here we close this gap by introducing reaction nanoscopy based on three-dimensional momentum-resolved photoionization. The technique is demonstrated for the spatially selective proton generation in few-cycle laser-induced dissociative ionization of ethanol and water on SiO2 nanoparticles, resolving a pronounced variation across the particle surface. The results are modeled and reproduced qualitatively by electrostatic and quasi-classical mean-field Mie Monte-Carlo (M3C) calculations. Reaction nanoscopy is suited for a wide range of isolated nanosystems and can provide spatially resolved ultrafast reaction dynamics on nanoparticles, clusters, and droplets.
Acetyl-CoA-mediated activation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase 2
Authors: Bhusal Ram Prasad , Jiao Wanting , Kwai Brooke X. C. , Reynisson Jóhannes , Collins Annabelle J. , Sperry Jonathan , Bashiri Ghader , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIsocitrate lyase is important for lipid utilisation byMycobacterium tuberculosisbut its ICL2 isoform is poorly understood. Here we report that binding of the lipid metabolites acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA to ICL2 induces a striking structural rearrangement, substantially increasing isocitrate lyase and methylisocitrate lyase activities. Thus, ICL2 plays a pivotal role regulating carbon flux between the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glyoxylate shunt and methylcitrate cycle at high lipid concentrations, a mechanism essential for bacterial growth and virulence.
Advantages of eutectic alloys for creating catalysts in the realm of nanotechnology-enabled metallurgy
Authors: Tang Jianbo , Daiyan Rahman , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Idrus-Saidi Shuhada A. , Zavabeti Ali , Daeneke Torben , Yang Jiong , Koshy Pramod , Cheong Soshan , Tilley Richard D. , Kaner Richard B. , Amal Rose , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe nascent field of nanotechnology-enabled metallurgy has great potential. However, the role of eutectic alloys and the nature of alloy solidification in this field are still largely unknown. To demonstrate one of the promises of liquid metals in the field, we explore a model system of catalytically active Bi-Sn nano-alloys produced using a liquid-phase ultrasonication technique and investigate their phase separation, surface oxidation, and nucleation. The Bi-Sn ratio determines the grain boundary properties and the emergence of dislocations within the nano-alloys. The eutectic system gives rise to the smallest grain dimensions among all Bi-Sn ratios along with more pronounced dislocation formation within the nano-alloys. Using electrochemical CO2 reduction and photocatalysis, we demonstrate that the structural peculiarity of the eutectic nano-alloys offers the highest catalytic activity in comparison with their non-eutectic counterparts. The fundamentals of nano-alloy formation revealed here may establish the groundwork for creating bimetallic and multimetallic nano-alloys.