bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of transillumination in detecting subclinical extensions of enamel opacities
Authors: Marouane Omar , Douki Nabiha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveAccurate detection of enamel opacities in reflected light is limited in terms of discriminating between affected and unaffected enamel.The aim of this study was to compare the ability of transilluminated photography in distinction between healthy and unhealthy enamel in comparison with reflected photography.Materials and MethodsPatients presenting enamel opacities were selected during their regular dental visits and for each tooth, standardized photographs were taken in transmitted and reflected light. For each lighting condition, the ratio of the opacity surface area to the entire buccal enamel area was calculated.The difference in the ratio of the opacity surface area to the entire buccal enamel area was compared using the Wilcoxon paired test.ResultsThe results of this study showed that the ratio of the opacity surface area to the entire buccal enamel area calculated in transilluminated photography is significantly higher in comparison with its calculation in reflected photography. The means ratios (SD) of the opacity to the entire buccal enamel area are in transmitted light and reflected light respectively 18% (12) and 15% (11).ConclusionsIn comparison with reflected photography, transilluminated photography significantly increases the ratio of the opacity surface area to the entire buccal enamel area. Transilluminated photography allows better detection of enamel opacities on anterior teeth by aiding clinical discrimination between healthy an unhealthy enamel.Clinical SignificanceBeing simple, noninvasive, painless and without any risk to the patient, transillumination represents a promising imaging method for detecting enamel opacities and for discriminating healthy and unhealthy enamel.
Decontamination of aflatoxin M1 in yogurt using Lactobacillus rhamnosus LC‐4
Authors: Zhang Guofang , Li Jiadong , Lv Jinmeng , Liu Lihua , Li Chun , Liu Libo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the ability of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain LC‐4 to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and yogurt. Bacterial cells were subjected to heat, acid, and alkali treatments. The AFM1‐binding rate of acid‐treated bacteria was of 78.63 ± 0.52%. The binding of L. rhamnosus LC‐4 to AFM1 was partially reversible and the binding of AFM1 was more stable when treated bacteria were used. The involved components of the cell wall in AFM1 binding were determined, with peptidoglycan playing a critical role. The integrity of the bacteria was also highly important for detoxification ability, and this ability was influenced by different factors such as temperature, pH, and toxin concentration, and so on. L. rhamnosus LC‐4 retained its detoxification ability in yogurt. The pH and bacterial concentration slightly affected the binding of AFM1 to L. rhamnosus LC‐4 during storage time. These results indicate that L. rhamnosus LC‐4 may be applied to reduce the concentration of AFM1 in yogurt.Practical ApplicationsIn the present work, we determined the involved components of the cell wall in AFM1 binding and different factors influencing the binding process. The integrity of the cell wall is indispensable for AFM1 binding and peptidoglycans were critical components. Understanding the mechanism of AFM1 binding by probiotic bacteria is contributed to further optimizing decontamination processes. Our study provides potential future applications to reduce AFM1 bioavailability by L. rhamnosus LC‐4 in yogurt.
Locating “gold standard” evidence for simulation as a substitute for clinical practice in prelicensure health professional education: A systematic review
Authors: Bogossian Fiona E. , Cant Robyn P. , Ballard Emma L. , Cooper Simon J. , Levett‐Jones Tracy L. , McKenna Lisa G. , Ng Linda C. , Seaton Philippa C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo extract, examine and report the highest available levels of evidence from healthcare disciplines in the use of simulation‐based education as substitution for clinical placement in prelicensure programmes.BackgroundSimulation is widely employed across prelicensure health professional education to create safe, realistic clinical learning experiences for students. Whether simulation can be employed to substitute for actual clinical placement, and if so, in what proportion, replacement ratio and duration, is unclear.MethodsA systematic review and quality appraisal of primary studies related to prelicensure students in all health disciplines, guided by the PRISMA checklist.ResultsTen primary studies were included, representing 2,370 students from three health disciplines in four countries. Nine studies were experimental and quasi‐experimental and methodological quality was assessed as moderate to high with good to very good inter‐rater agreement. Direct substitution of simulation for clinical practice ranged from 5% to 50%. With one exception, replacement ratios were 1:1 and duration of replacement ranged from 21 hr–2 years. Levels of evaluation included measures of reaction, knowledge and behaviour transfer; no negative outcomes were reported. We appraised practicalities for design of substitution, design limitations and knowledge transfer to accreditation standards for prelicensure programmes.ConclusionsThis review synthesised highest levels and quality of available evidence for substitution of simulation for clinical placement in health professional education. Included studies were heterogenous in simulation interventions (proportion, ratio and duration) and in the evaluation of outcomes. Future studies should incorporate standardised simulation curricula, widen the health professions represented and strengthen experimental designs.Relevance to clinical practiceCurrent evidence for clinical educational preparation does not appear to be translated into programme accreditation standards governing clinical practice experience for prelicensure programmes in relevant jurisdictions. Overall, a stronger evidence base is necessary to inform future curricula and policy development, to strengthen clinical practice in health.
How is clinical credibility defined in nursing? Protocol for a concept mapping study
Authors: Cardwell Rachel , Mckenna Lisa , Davis Jenny , Gray Richard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo develop a working definition of the concept of “clinical credibility” in nursing science.BackgroundIn both academic and clinical settings, the phrase “clinical credibility” is used when discussing the education of health professionals. No clear definition for the concept is evident in the academic literature. To date, there has not been a study undertaken to develop a working definition of clinical credibility in nursing science.MethodsThis protocol is stage 1 of a registered report. We will use concept mapping to compare and organise views of three stakeholder groups: nursing students (n = 20) from years 2 or 3 of a three‐year Bachelor of Nursing Programme, nurses and other health professionals (n = 20) still practising within a clinical setting, and people who have recently been inpatients in hospital (n = 20). First, participants will take part in separate stakeholder focus groups to generate statements about “What is clinical credibility?”. Second, the same participants will complete two tasks: (1) rank the importance of each statement (prioritising) and (2) put the statements that appear to go together into groups (clustering). The data will then be analysed using a specialised software program called Ariadne. A visual “concept map” will be produced showing the importance and relationship of each statement as viewed by the participants. The projected timeline for the study is one year. The paper complies with the SPIRIT 2013 guidelines for study protocols adapted for mixed methods research.ConclusionThe findings of this study will provide a working definition of the concept of “clinical credibility” in nursing science.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can be used to develop a measure of clinical credibility to predict student satisfaction and patient safety outcomes.
Associations of work stress and humor with health status in hospital nurses—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fang Li , Hsiao Li‐Ping , Fang Shu‐Hui , Chen Bao‐Chen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo analyse the relationship among hospital nurses’ socio‐demographic data, work stress, humor and health conditions, and to determine the predictors of nurses’ health status.BackgroundHumor can decrease the feelings of helplessness, fear and anxiety, and that may result in the development of positive emotions, which might have a good impact on health.DesignThis research applied cross‐sectional designs and used structured questionnaires which included socio‐demographic data, an Effort‐Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI), humor and 12‐item Chinese health questionnaires (CHQ). A total of 236 nurses in a regional hospital in Taiwan were recruited. SPSS was used for the data analysis in the study. The STROBE was chosen as a checklist for this study.ResultsThe results showed that the significant predictors of the participants’ health were “whether experienced significant life events during the past 3 months,” “the degree of work stress” and the level of “humor.”ConclusionsIt is recommended that administrators pay attention to the cultivation of nursing staff's humor, such as providing nurses with musical CDs or humorous books and providing stress management training courses to nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is necessary for hospital managers to determine and deal with the causes of work stress to avoid the development of health problems in the nursing personnel. Furthermore, in order to develop stress‐releasing strategies, it is necessary to provide nurses with stress management and resilience enhancement courses. Cultivating a humor competency of nurses is also recommended to alleviate the work stress.
Abnormal menstruation after radical trachelectomy and its effects on fertility
Authors: Matsuoka Mari , Taga Atsuko , Hata Saori , Yamamoto Rumiko , Ando Yukiko , Kozono Yuki , Tsuji Natsuki , Sekiyama Kentaro , Higuchi Toshihiro , Nagano Tadayoshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate and identify the risk factors for abnormal menstruation after radical trachelectomy.MethodsThis study included 58 patients who underwent radical trachelectomy at our hospital between April 2005 and January 2018. Patients were divided into groups of those with no change in postoperative menstruation (regular [R] group; n = 46) and those with abnormal menstruation such as amenorrhea or hypomenorrhea (irregular [I] group; n = 12). The perioperative characteristics and fertility of the groups were compared retrospectively. The data were statistically analyzed using Student's t‐test, Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U test for univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis for multivariate analysis, with the level of statistical significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsBased on Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, 54 patients had stage IB1, 2 had stage IB2 and 2 had stage IIA1 cervical cancer. Eight patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pretreatment tumor size, residual uterine cavity length and neoadjuvant and postoperative chemotherapy use were not significantly different between the groups. Abnormal menstruation was significantly more common in patients with postoperative pelvic infection (R group, 13.0%; I group, 58.3%) and cervical stenosis (R group, 15.2%; I group, 58.3%).ConclusionTo maintain healthy menstruation even after radical trachelectomy, it is important to prevent postoperative pelvic infection and cervical stenosis.
Malignant transformation from mature cystic teratoma of the ovary
Authors: Shimada Takako , Higashijima Ai , Fukushima Ai , Komatsu Nahoko , Noguchi Masashi , Ohashi Kazuaki , Hasegawa Yuri , Miura Kiyonori 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a case of malignant change of an ovarian mature cystic teratoma. Our patient was a 48‐year‐old woman and she visited a primary care doctor presenting with abdominal pain. At her first visit, her pelvic tumor measured 70 × 50 mm by ultrasonography. She was diagnosed as rupture of the malignant tumor occurred secondary to mature cystic teratoma and she took the surgery (abdominal total hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy and partial omentectomy). Pathologic diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occurred secondary to mature cystic teratoma. Treatment with paclitaxel/carboplatin (TC chemotherapy) and gemcitabine hydrochloride/carboplatin (GC chemotherapy) after operation was not effective, and the refractory ileus resulting from rapid progression of the disease continued. She was died of disease progression 7 months after the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. We discuss about the clinical characteristics of malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma and considered about the treatment of the ovarian SCC.
The backstage work negotiators do when communicating with persons in crisis
Authors: Stokoe Elizabeth , Sikveland Rein Ove 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen a person in crisis threatens suicide, police negotiators engage them in a conversation to prevent death. Working in small teams, the primary negotiator's role is to talk directly to the person in crisis. A secondary negotiator, working “behind the scenes,” supports the ongoing negotiation. Using 31 hours of audio‐recorded British negotiations, we uncover the backstage work of secondary negotiators. We use conversation analysis to identify the sequential position, linguistic form, and action of the secondary negotiator's interventions on (1) thedelivery(e.g. “sound angry”) and (2)next actions(e.g. “say please,” “try asking them to move”) of the primary negotiator, and how the primary incorporates them into the negotiation. Our analysis shows that, while some suggestions were effective, others disrupted the flow of the negotiation as well as the alignment between primary negotiator and person in crisis. The paper augments current sociolinguistic understandings of the high‐stakes language activity of crisis negotiation and highlights the importance of attending to linguistic features of interaction when training negotiators to work better as a team.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, TUPS, attenuates isoproterenol/angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy through mammalian target of rapamycin-mediated autophagy inhibition
Authors: Zhang Huanji , Zhang Kun , Liang Jianwen , Yan Wen , Wu Fensheng , Xu Wenmin , Wu Zhiwen , Chen Yixi , Pan Rongquan , Wu Guifu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the potential role and mechanism of TUPS, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, in cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods
Rat and H9C2 cell models of cardiac hypertrophy were induced by isoproterenol and angiotensin II, respectively, followed by TUPS treatment. The expression of hypertrophic markers, ANP and BNP, was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The abundance of Beclin-1, LC3, p-AMPK and phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) proteins was analysed by Western blot and immunohistocytology. Cell morphology and viability were evaluated by F-actin staining and MTS. H9C2 cells were transfected with GFP-LC3 to evaluate autophagy flux.

Key findings
TUPS significantly inhibited rat heart size, heart weight-to-body weight ratio, heart wall thickness, hypertrophic H9C2 cell swelling and viability suppression as well as the expression of ANP and BNP genes in hypertrophic models. In addition, autophagic markers Beclin-1 and LC3 were elevated in both cellular and animal models, which were suppressed by TUPS, with corresponding changes of autophagy flux. The abundance of p-AMPK was increased, while p-mTOR was decreased in hypertrophic cells, which were abolished by TUPS. Rapamycin decreased p-mTOR level, increased Beclin-1 and LC3 expression and induced cell size enlargement and cell viability inhibition in hypertrophic H9C2 cells treated with TUPS.

Conclusions
TUPS inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by regulating mTOR/autophagy axis.
Deferred treatment with a fixed‐dose combination of sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 2, 4 and 6 infection
Authors: Asselah Tarik , Shafran Stephen D. , Bourgeois Stefan , Lai Ching‐Lung , Mathurin Philippe , Willems Bernard , Nguyen Mindie H. , Davis Mitchell N. , Huang K. C. , Svarovskaia Evguenia , Osinusi Anu , McNally John , Brainard Diana M. , Shaikh Obaid S. , Tran Tram T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSofosbuvir‐velpatasvir is approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this single‐arm, open‐label, phase 3, deferred treatment study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir among patients randomized to the placebo group in the ASTRAL‐1 study. Patients received sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir (400/100 mg) once daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR12). The primary safety endpoint was any adverse events (AEs) leading to the permanent discontinuation of study drug. Overall, 108/111 (97%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 92%‐99%) achieved SVR12, and only one patient had virological failure. SVR12 was achieved by 61/63 (97%, 95%CI, 89%‐100%) genotype 1 patients, 20/20 (100%; 95%CI, 83%‐100%) with genotype 2, 19/19 (100%; 95%CI, 82%‐100%) with genotype 4 and 8/9 (89%; 95% CI, 52%‐100%) with genotype 6. All (19/19; 95%CI, 82‐100) patients with cirrhosis and all (31/31, 95%CI, 89‐100) with prior treatment experience achieved SVR12. The safety profile during treatment was similar to that observed in patients receiving placebo treatment. The most common AEs were headache, fatigue and nausea. One patient (1%) discontinued treatment due to an AE of gallbladder carcinoma, which was not considered related to treatment. Of five reported serious AEs, none were considered related to study drug. Sofosbuvir‐velpatasvir for 12 weeks was effective and well tolerated among untreated and previously treated patients with HCV genotype 1, 2, 4 or 6 infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02346721).
Development of a biochemical marker to detect current breast milk intake
Authors: Addison Ruth , Hill Lauren , Bode Lars , Robertson Bianca , Choudhury Biswa , Young David , Wright Charlotte , Relton Clare , Garcia Ada L. , Tappin David M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months, but despite interventions, breastfeeding rates remain stubbornly low. Financial voucher incentives have shown promise but require a biomarker for validation of intake. This study aimed to develop a simple biochemical assay of infant urine that would tell if an infant was receiving any breast milk to validate maternal report. Urine samples were collected and snap frozen from 34 infants attending with minor illness or feeding problems, of whom 12 infants were exclusively breastfed, nine exclusively formula fed, and 11 mixed breast/formula fed. High‐performance anion exchange chromatography was used to identify discriminating patterns of monosaccharide composition of unconjugated glycans in a sequence of three experiments. The absolute concentration of all human milk oligosaccharides measured blind could detect “any breastfeeding” only with a sensitivity of 48% and specificity of 78%. Unblinded examination of N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) measured as GlcNH2 after hydrolysis of GlcNAc improved sensitivity to 75% at the expense of a specificity of 28%. Estimation of the relative abundance of GlcNH2 (GlcNH2[%]) or the ratio of GlcNH2 to endogenous mannose (Man) improved accuracy. In a further blind experiment, the GlcNH2/Man ratio with a cut‐off of 1.5 correctly identified all those receiving “any breast milk,” while excluding exclusively formula fed infants. The GlcNH2/Man ratio in infant urine is a promising test to provide biochemical confirmation of any breastfeeding for trials of breastfeeding promotion.
Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and its impact on activities of daily living in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Win Mi Mi Thet Mon , Fukai Kiyoko , Nyunt Htwe Htwe , Hyodo Yoshimi , Linn Khaing Zaw 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMyanmar has one of the highest rates of diabetes in South‐East Asia. This study aimed to determine prevalence and background characteristics of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain, their effect on the functioning of hands and feet, and the impact on activities of daily living in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 975 participants attending the outpatient clinics of four hospitals in Myanmar were interviewed using questionnaires in the local language about pain and difficulties in daily activities. The participants also underwent tests of physical functioning of both hands and feet. There was a high prevalence rate of neuropathy (33.7%) and neuropathic pain (59.5%), with an increased risk in old age, longer duration of diabetes, and history of smoking. The common difficulties in daily activities were sleeping, climbing stairs, walking, and work or chores. Participants with diabetic neuropathic pain experienced more difficulties in specific activities using upper and lower extremities than did those without. Healthcare service in Myanmar should be focused on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as it can lead to further disabilities.
Interaction of a plant virus protein with the signature Cajal body protein coilin facilitates salicylic acid‐mediated plant defence responses
Authors: Shaw Jane , Yu Chulang , Makhotenko Antonida V. , Makarova Svetlana S. , Love Andrew J. , Kalinina Natalia O. , MacFarlane Stuart , Chen Jianping , Taliansky Michael E. 
Published: June 2019

Summary

In addition to well‐known roles in RNA metabolism, the nucleolus and Cajal bodies (CBs), both located within the nucleus, are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Previously we showed that plants in which expression of the CB protein coilin is downregulated are more susceptible to certain viruses including tobacco rattle virus (TRV), suggesting a role of coilin in antiviral defence.

Experiments with coilin‐deficient plants and the deletion mutant of the TRV 16K protein showed that both 16K and coilin are required for restriction of systemic TRV infection. The potential mechanisms of coilin‐mediated antiviral defence were elucidated via experiments involving co‐immunoprecipitation, use of NahG transgenic plants deficient in salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, measurement of endogenous SA concentrations and assessment of SA‐responsive gene expression.

Here we show that TRV 16K interacts with and relocalizes coilin to the nucleolus. In wild‐type plants these events are accompanied by activation of SA‐responsive gene expression and restriction of TRV systemic infection. By contrast, viral systemic spread was enhanced in NahG plants, implicating SA in these processes.

Our findings suggest that coilin is involved in plant defence, responding to TRV infection by recognition of the TRV‐encoded 16K protein and activating SA‐dependent defence pathways.