bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of perceived risk of food nutrients and serving size on consumer involvement with food labels
Authors: Karakaya Fahri , Saracli Sinan 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine consumer involvement with nutrition labels in the USA. Although food label information including nutrition, size and color are standardized and mandated by Food and Drug Administration, consumers perceive some food labels more confusing than others and many ignore the information by seeing them as unimportant. This study measures the importance of different nutrients and examines the differences between consumers that read nutrition labels and consumers that do not read nutrition labels.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 300 consumers were surveyed using Qualtrics internet panel about the importance of nutrition information on food labels. Importance of food nutrients and food serving, size as they impact consumer involvement with food labels, was measured using structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results indicate perceived risk associated with nutrition labels, and food serving size information impacts consumer involvement with nutrition labels.

Practical implications
There are a variety of important public policy implications for government agencies and food manufacturers in educating the public about the use of nutrition information on food labels.

Originality/value
This study expands previous research by adding three more nutrients to the dietary scale from nutrition labels (sodium, cholesterol and carbohydrates) and focuses mainly on the nutrients that are considered to be negative for most people.
Reification and praxis of public private partnerships in history
Authors: Shankar Nayak Bhabani 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reject the essentialist and neoliberal approach to public–private partnerships (PPPs) by critically evaluating both normative and empirical arguments within existing literature on PPPs. It explores different dynamics of PPPs in theory and practice within global public policy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws its methodological lineages to nonlinear historical narrative around the concept and construction of the idea and language of “PPPs”. The paper follows discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2003) to locate the way in which the PPPs were incorporated within the language of global public policy.FindingsThe paper finds that most of the existing literature is looking at managerial, operational, functional and essentialist aspects of PPPs. Therefore, the paper argues that critical success of PPPs depends on its social value for common good with an emancipatory outlook. The study encourages future researchers to move beyond functional aspects of PPPs and locate emancipatory possibilities within the praxis of PPPs from a holistic perspective of global public policy.Research limitations/implicationsThe existing literature on the concepts and history of PPPs locate its relevance for budgeting and development planning in developed countries and developing countries. Such literature often draws out the advantages and disadvantages of these concepts with a strong focus on the financial implications to the shareholders. However, there appears to be less emphasis on the effects of these concepts and gaps between theory and practice of PPPs.Originality/valueThe paper rejects the essentialist and neoliberal approach to PPPs and argues for an emancipatory approach to understand and implement PPPs.
Global risk factors in the returns of listed private equity
Authors: Döpke Jörg , Tegtmeier Lars 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is, to study macroeconomic risk factors driving the expected stock returns of listed private equity (LPE). The authors use LPE indices divided into different styles and regions from January 2004 to December 2016 and a set of country stock indices to estimate the macroeconomic risk profiles and corresponding risk premiums. Using a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model to estimate factor sensitivities, the authors document that LPE indices exhibit stock marketβs that are greater than 1. A one-factor asset pricing model using world stock market returns as the only possible risk factor is rejected on the basis of generalized method of moments (GMM) orthogonality conditions. In contrast, using the change in a currency basket, the G-7 industrial production, the G-7 term spread, the G-7 inflation rate and a recently proposed indicator of economic policy uncertainty as additional risk factors, this multifactor model is able to price a cross-section of expected LPE returns. The risk-return profile of LPE differs from country equity indices. Consequently, LPE should be treated as a separate asset class.Design/methodology/approachFollowing Ferson and Harvey (1994), the authors use an unconditional asset pricing model to capture the structure of returns across LPE. The authors use 11 LPE indices divided into different styles and regions from January 2004 to December 2016, and a set of country stock indices as spanning assets to estimate the macroeconomic risk profiles and corresponding risk premiums.FindingsUsing a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model to estimate factor sensitivities, the authors document that LPE indices exhibit stock marketßs that are greater than 1. The authors estimate a one-factor asset pricing model using world stock market returns as the only possible risk factor by GMM. This model is rejected on the basis of the GMM orthogonality conditions. By contrast, a multifactor model built on the change in a currency basket, the G-7 industrial production, the G-7 term spread, the G-7 inflation rate and a recently proposed indicator of global economic policy uncertainty as additional risk factors is able to price a cross-section of expected LPE returns.Research limitations/implicationsGiven data availability, the authors’ sample is strongly influenced by the financial crisis and its aftermath.Practical implicationsInformation about the risk profile of LPE is important for asset allocation decisions. In particular, it may help to optimally react to contemporaneous changes in economy-wide risk factors.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first LPE study which investigates whether a set of macroeconomic factors is actually priced and, therefore, associated with a non-zero risk premium in the cross-section of returns.
Are covered calls the right option for Australian investors?
Authors: Niblock Scott J. , Sinnewe Elisabeth 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether superior risk-adjusted returns can be generated using monthly covered call option strategies in large capitalized Australian equity portfolios and across varying market volatility conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors construct monthly in-the-money (ITM) and out-of-the-money (OTM) S&P/ASX 20 covered call portfolios from 2010 to 2015 and use standard and alternative performance measures. An assessment of variable levels of market volatility on risk-adjusted return performance is also carried out using the spread between implied and realized volatility indexes.

Findings
The results of this paper show that covered call writing produces similar nominal returns at lower risk when compared against the standalone buy-and-hold portfolio. Both standard and alternative performance measures (with the exception of the upside potential ratio) demonstrate that covered call portfolios produce superior risk-adjusted returns, particularly when written deeper OTM. The 36-month rolling regressions also reveal that deeper OTM portfolios deliver greater risk-adjusted returns in the majority of the sub-periods investigated. This paper also establishes that volatility spread variation may be a driver of performance for covered call writing in Australia.

Originality/value
The authors suggest that deeper OTM covered call strategies based on large capitalized portfolios create value for investors/fund managers in the Australian stock market and can be executed in volatile market conditions. Such strategies are particularly useful for those seeking market neutral asset allocation and less risk exposure in volatile market environments.
Effectiveness of a small‐group vocabulary intervention programme: evidence from a regression discontinuity design
Authors: Dyson Hannah , Solity Jonathan , Best Wendy , Hulme Charles 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren's vocabulary knowledge is closely related to other measures of language development and to literacy skills and educational attainment.AimTo use a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to evaluate the effectiveness of a small‐group vocabulary intervention programme for children with poor vocabulary knowledge.Methods & ProceduresThe vocabulary knowledge of children (N = 199) aged 6–9 years was assessed in six classes. Based on scores at the initial assessment, children with low vocabulary scores for their age were assigned to an intervention group (43 children), with the remaining 156 children assigned to a control group. Children in the intervention group received two to three small‐group weekly teaching sessions over a 10‐week period. All children were retested post‐intervention on the same measures of vocabulary knowledge.Outcomes & ResultsThe intervention group showed significant improvements in their knowledge of the meanings of the taught words at post‐test (an additional 3.95 words learned [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.70–5.20] compared with the control group; d = 1.20), but the effects did not generalize to untaught words.Conclusions & ImplicationsA small‐group vocabulary intervention programme is effective for teaching word meanings to 6–9‐year‐old children with poor vocabulary skills. This study provides further evidence that the RDD is an effective method for evaluating educational interventions.
Factors associated with pregnancy desire among adolescent women in five Latin American countries: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Estrada F , Suárez‐López L , Hubert C , Allen‐Leigh B , Campero L , Cruz‐Jimenez L 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo explore demographic, socio‐economic, and reproductive factors associated with pregnancy desire among adolescents in five Latin American countries.DesignSecondary analysis using nationally representative, cross‐sectional data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS).SettingCuba, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Mexico, and Panama.PopulationAdolescents 15–19 years old who were pregnant or mothers (n = 4207).MethodsChi‐square tests, simple linear regressions, and multilevel Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between individual‐ and country‐level factors associated with pregnancy desire among adolescents.Main outcome measuresDesire for pregnancy among adolescents who were pregnant or had given birth in the last 2 years.ResultsThe proportion of adolescents who reported they desired their last pregnancy ranged from 79.3% in Cuba to 37.6% in Panama; approximately half the adolescents in Mexico, El Salvador, and the Dominican Republic desired their last pregnancy. The multilevel analysis shows that pregnancy desire was more likely among adolescent women who were less educated [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–0.98], older (PR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.09), married or cohabiting with a partner (PR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.93), and had low parity (PR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.58–0.76).ConclusionsAdolescents with less education, who are older, married or cohabiting, and with low parity were more likely to desire their pregnancy. These data constitute evidence that, in conjunction with qualitative and implementation research, can be used to better design services for adolescents so they can exercise their sexual and reproductive rights, and plan healthier and more satisfying futures.FundingAll the databases used on the performance of this study are open access. We did not receive any funding for the present analysis.Tweetable abstractParity and marital status showed the strongest association with adolescent pregnancy desire in five Latin American countries.
Highly specific preoperative selection of solitary parathyroid adenoma cases in primary hyperparathyroidism by quantitative image analysis of the early‐phase Technetium‐99m sestamibi scan
Authors: Kim DaeHee , Rhodes Jeffrey A , Hashim Jeffrey A , Rickabaugh Lawrence , Brams David M , Pinkus Edward , Dou Yamin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionHighly specific preoperative localizing test is required to select patients for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in lieu of traditional four‐gland exploration. We hypothesized that Tc‐99m sestamibi scan interpretation incorporating numerical measurements on the degree of asymmetrical activity from bilateral thyroid beds can be useful in localizing single adenoma for MIP.MethodsWe devised a quantitative interpretation method for Tc‐99m sestamibi scan based on the numerically graded asymmetrical activity on early phase. The numerical ratio value of each scan was obtained by dividing the number of counts from symmetrically drawn regions of interest (ROI) over bilateral thyroid beds. The final pathology and clinical outcome of 109 patients were used to perform receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.ResultsReceiver operating curve analysis revealed the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to be 0.71 (P = 0.0032), validating this method as a diagnostic tool. The optimal cut‐off point for the ratio value with maximal combined sensitivity and specificity was found with corresponding sensitivity of 67.9% (56.5–77.2%, 95% CI) and specificity of 75.0% (52.8–91.8%, 95% CI). An additional higher cut‐off with higher specificity with minimal possible sacrifice on sensitivity was also selected, yielding sensitivity of 28.6% (18.8–38.6%, 95% CI) and specificity of 90.0% (69.6–98.8%, 95% CI).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that the more asymmetrical activity on the initial phase, the more successful it is to localize a single parathyroid adenoma on sestamibi scans. Using early‐phase Tc‐99m sestamibi scan only, we were able to select patients for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy with 90% specificity.
Optimized DNA sampling of ancient bones using Computed Tomography scans
Authors: Alberti Federica , Gonzalez Javier , Paijmans Johanna L. A. , Basler Nikolas , Preick Michaela , Henneberger Kirstin , Trinks Alexandra , Rabeder Gernot , Conard Nicholas J. , Münzel Susanne C. , Joger Ulrich , Fritsch Guido , Hildebrandt Thomas , Hofreiter Michael , Barlow Axel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of contaminant microbial DNA in ancient bone samples represents the principal limiting factor for palaeogenomic studies, as it may comprise more than 99% of DNA molecules obtained. Efforts to exclude or reduce this contaminant fraction have been numerous but also variable in their success. Here, we present a simple but highly effective method to increase the relative proportion of endogenous molecules obtained from ancient bones. Using computed tomography (CT) scanning, we identify the densest region of a bone as optimal for sampling. This approach accurately identifies the densest internal regions of petrous bones, which are known to be a source of high‐purity ancient DNA. For ancient long bones, CT scans reveal a high‐density outermost layer, which has been routinely removed and discarded prior to DNA extraction. For almost all long bones investigated, we find that targeted sampling of this outermost layer provides an increase in endogenous DNA content over that obtained from softer, trabecular bone. This targeted sampling can produce as much as 50‐fold increase in the proportion of endogenous DNA, providing a directly proportional reduction in sequencing costs for shotgun sequencing experiments. The observed increases in endogenous DNA proportion are not associated with any reduction in absolute endogenous molecule recovery. Although sampling the outermost layer can result in higher levels of human contamination, some bones were found to have more contamination associated with the internal bone structures. Our method is highly consistent, reproducible and applicable across a wide range of bone types, ages and species. We predict that this discovery will greatly extend the potential to study ancient populations and species in the genomics era.
ORMDL3 and its implication in inflammatory disorders
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Long Feng , Yun Yan , Dang Jie , Wei Shijun , Zhang Qian , Li Jinzhang , Zhang Haizhou , Zhang Wenlong , Wang Zhengjun , Liu Qiji , Zou Chengwei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA growing body of evidence has suggested the genetic association of ORMDL3 gene (ORMDL Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Regulator 3) polymorphisms with a diverse set of inflammatory disorders that include bronchial asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis and atherosclerosis. Gene functional investigations have revealed the particular relevance of ORMDL3 in endoplasmic reticulum stress, lipid metabolism and inflammatory reactions. Additionally, several reports have recently added a new dimension to our understanding of the modulation of ORMDL3 gene expression in inflammation. This mini‐review summarizes the pertinent publications regarding the genetic association studies and mechanistic exploration of ORMDL3 in common inflammatory disorders.
Effect of active immunization with IL‐17A on B cell function and infection risk in pristane‐induced lupus model
Authors: Handono Kusworini , Pratama Mirza Zaka , Sari Dita Kartika , Hermawan Hanestya Oky , Agdana Hafishtyawan Maulidyananta , Kawuningan Keryasta Becik , Nur'aini Nafisah , Hasanah Dian , Kalim Handono 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of active immunization of interleukin (IL)‐17A to inhibit B cell functions and monitor the risk of infection in a pristane‐induced lupus mice model.MethodsFemale Balb/c mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mL pristane. IL‐17A was coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and given to mice in three different doses: D0 (0 μg/mL), D1 (1 μg/mL), and D2 (10 μg/mL). The vaccine was given three times with 3‐week intervals. At day 42, mice were injected intraperitoneally with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and monitored for 3 weeks. Plasma cells proliferation, Th17 and plasma cell percentages were measured by flow cytometry; anti‐IL‐17A antibody titers, IL‐17A, and anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; and MRSA colonization was measured by bacterial counter.ResultsAnti‐IL‐17A antibody titers were significantly higher in D2 compared to D0 (P = 0.012). Serum IL‐17A levels were also significantly lower in D2 compared to D0 (P = 0.000) while Th17 percentages were not significantly different between groups. D2 was also had significantly lower anti‐dsDNA (P = 0.021), lower plasma cell percentages (P = 0.000) and lower B cell proliferation rate (P = 0.001) compared to D0. Analysis for the risk of infection also revealed that D2 did not increase the risk of infection compared to D0 (P = 0.504).ConclusionActive immunization with IL‐17A coupled to KLH was able to induce a high titer of neutralizing antibodies against IL‐17A and inhibit B cell functions without increasing the risk of infection in a pristane‐induced lupus mice model.
Oral health and dental morbidity in long‐term allogeneic blood and marrow transplant survivors in Australia
Authors: Dyer G , Brice L , Schifter M , Gilroy N , Kabir M , Hertzberg M , Greenwood M , Larsen SR , Moore J , Gottlieb D , Huang G , Hogg M , Brown L , Tan J , Ward C , Kerridge I 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral and dental disease is a major cause of long‐term morbidity following allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (Allo‐BMT). This study aimed to describe the extent and range of oral and dental complications in BMT recipients and to identify gaps in service provision provided to this high‐risk group.MethodsParticipants were Allo‐BMT recipients, aged >18 years, and received transplants between 2000 and 2012 in NSW. They completed seven surveys, the purpose‐designed Sydney Post‐BMT Study survey and six other validated instruments.ResultsOf 441 respondents, many reported dry mouth (45.1%), dental caries (36.7%), mouth ulcers (35.3%), oral GVHD (35.1%), gingivitis (16.2%), tooth abscess (6.1%) and oral cancer (1.5%). Regular dental visits were reported by 66.2% of survivors. Middle–high income, older age and geographic location showed a positive association with regular dental visits. Of those who did not visit the dentist regularly, 37% stated they did not feel it necessary, 36% reported cost and 20% stated it was not advised by the treating team.ConclusionDespite oral complications commonly occurring after Allo‐BMT, many survivors receive inadequate dental care. These results emphasize the need for improved oral health education, the importance of regular dental checks and improvement in the delivery of dental health services for BMT survivors.
Review article: Asia‐Pacific consensus recommendations on endoscopic tissue acquisition for biliary strictures
Authors: Sun B. , Moon J. H. , Cai Q. , Rerknimitr R. , Ma S. , Lakhtakia S. , Ryozawa S. , Kutsumi H. , Yasuda I. , Shiomi H. , Li X. , Li W. , Zhang X. , Itoi T. , Wang H.‐P. , Qian D. , Wong Lau J. Y. , Yang Z. , Ji M. , Hu B. ,   Asia‐Pacific ERCP Club
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundPre‐operative tissue diagnosis for suspected malignant biliary strictures remains challenging.AimTo develop evidence‐based consensus statements on endoscopic tissue acquisition for biliary strictures.MethodsThe initial draft of statements was prepared following a systematic literature review. A committee of 20 experts from Asia‐Pacific region then reviewed, discussed, and modified the statements. Two rounds of independent voting were conducted to reach a final version. Consensus was considered to be achieved when 80% or more of voting members voted “agree completely” or “agree with some reservation.”ResultsEleven statements achieved consensus. The choice of tissue sampling modalities for biliary strictures depends on the clinical setting, the location of lesion, and availability of expertise. Detailed radiological and endoscopic evaluation is useful to guide the selection of appropriate tissue acquisition technique. Standard intraductal biliary brushing and/or forceps biopsy is the first option when endoscopic biliary drainage is required with an overall (range) sensitivity and specificity of 45% (26%‐72%) and 99% (98%‐100%), and 48% (15%‐100%) and 99% (97%‐100%), respectively, in diagnosing malignant biliary strictures. Probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridisation using 4 fluorescent‐labelled probes targeting chromosomes 3, 7, 17 and 9p21 locus may be added to improve the diagnostic yield. Cholangioscopy‐guided biopsy and EUS‐guided tissue acquisition can be considered after prior negative conventional tissue sampling with an overall (range) sensitivity and specificity of 60% (38%‐88%) and 98% (83%‐100%), and 80% (46%‐100%) and 97% (92%‐100%), respectively, in diagnosing malignant biliary strictures.ConclusionThese consensus statements provide evidence‐based recommendations for endoscopic tissue acquisition of biliary strictures.