bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptive and expressive language characteristics of school‐aged children with non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate
Authors: Boyce Jessica O. , Kilpatrick Nicky , Reilly Sheena , Da Costa Annette , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundResearch investigating language skills in school‐aged children with non‐syndromic cleft lip and/or palate is sparse. Past studies focus on younger populations, lack key comparisons to demographically matched control cohorts or explore language as a component of broader academic skills. Trends of existing studies suggest that affected children may perform at a lower level compared with typically developing peers.AimsTo examine the receptive and expressive language skills of middle‐school‐aged children with non‐syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) and cleft palate only (CP). Additionally, to explore the language skills of children with clefts compared with a non‐cleft control group.Methods & ProceduresThirty‐seven participants with orofacial clefts (aged 7;1–14;1 years) participated in the study: 19 with CLP (10 males; 9 females) and 18 with CP (8 males; 10 females). A non‐cleft comparison group consisted of 129 individuals matched on age, sex and maternal education level. Participants completed formal language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition) and non‐verbal intellectual measurements (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence—WASI). Demographic and developmental information was obtained via parental interview. Further clinical details (e.g., surgery; hearing status) were extracted from patient medical files. Cleft and non‐cleft language and non‐verbal IQ outcomes were reported separately. Language outcomes were then compared between groups.Outcomes & ResultsParticipants with clefts achieved core (mean = 103.31, standard deviation (SD) = 10.31), receptive (mean = 102.51, SD = 11.60) and expressive (mean = 102.89, SD = 12.17) language index scores within the normative average range. A total of 14.1% and 17.8% of the cleft and non‐cleft groups respectively had impairment (i.e., ≥ 1.25 SD below the mean) in one or more language domains. No significant differences were found in the three language index scores between cleft and non‐cleft groups.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis study is the first formally to examine language skills alongside non‐verbal IQ in school‐aged children with clefts compared with a large matched non‐cleft population. Results suggest that health professionals should evaluate each child as they present and not assume that a child with non‐syndromic CLP or CP will also have co‐occurring language difficulties. Where language falls in the average range, these skills can be harnessed to support areas of difficulty often associated with orofacial clefting, such as speech.
Ecophysiology and lipid dynamics of a eukaryotic mangrove decomposer
Authors: Dellero Younès , Rose Suzanne , Metton Coralie , Morabito Christian , Lupette Josselin , Jouhet Juliette , Maréchal Eric , Rébeillé Fabrice , Amato Alberto 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAurantiochytrium limacinum is an osmo‐heterotrophic Stramenopile and a pioneering mangrove decomposer which is taxonomically assigned to the family of Thraustochytriaceae (class: Labyrinthulomycetes). The life cycle of A. limacinum involves different cell types including mono‐ and multi‐nucleated cells as well as flagellated zoospores which colonize new fallen leaves. The ecological relevance of thraustochytrids is underestimated and eclipsed by their biotechnological importance, due to their ability to accumulate large amount of lipids, mainly triacylglycerols (TAGs). In this study, we aimed to understand the ecophysiological parameters that trigger zoospore production and the interplay between the life cycle of A. limacinum and its lipid metabolism. When grown in a rich medium, cells accumulated large amounts of TAGs at the end of their growth period, but no zoospores were produced. In poor media such as artificial sea water, zoospores were produced in massive quantities. In the absence of organic carbon, the zoospores remained swimming for at least 6 days, consuming their TAGs in the process. Addition of glucose rapidly triggered the maturation of the zoospores. On the basis of these data, we propose a life cycle for A. limacinum integrating the potential perturbations/changes in the environment surrounding a mangrove leaf that could lead to the production of zoospores and colonization of new areas.
Antidiabetic Effect of High‐Chromium Yeast Against Type 2 Diabetic KK‐Ay Mice
Authors: Liu Lu , Zhang Shu‐wen , Lu Jing , Pang Xiao‐yang , Lv Jia‐ping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh chromium yeast has attracted many researchers for its high efficiency and high safety among chromium supplements. The preventive effect of oral high‐chromium yeast on diabetes was assessed using KK‐AY mice. Sixteen‐wk‐old type 2 diabetic KK‐AY mice were divided into five groups and orally administered with two types of drying processed high‐chromium yeast, chromium picolinate at 1000 μg Cr/kg/d, metformin (positive control), and normal yeast (negative control) for 13 weeks. The spray‐dried high‐chromium yeast significantly delayed the onset of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic KK‐AY mice (P < 0.05) and significantly improved fasting blood glucose, TG(triglyceride), and TCHO(total cholesterol) . Histopathological analysis showed that the spray‐dried high‐chromium yeast led to high affinities for the stains to the β‐cells in the islets of Langerhans and alleviated hepatic steatosis. High‐chromium yeast could be a potential candidate for nutritional supplement to ameliorate diabetes.Practical ApplicationChromium plays an important role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The result show that spray‐dried high chromium yeast significantly delayed the onset of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic KK‐AY mice. As one of chromium supplements, the purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of high chromium yeast on the type 2 diabetes and drying method on its bioactivity, which will be useful for research and development of high‐chromium yeast and improvement of pharmacological activity‐based quality control.
Effects of in vitro Human Digestion on the Antioxidant Activity and Stability of Lycopene and Phenolic Compounds in Pork Patties Containing Dried Tomato Prepared at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kim Hyeong Sang , Hur Sun Jin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe antioxidant activity can be changed during digestion. The effects of in vitro human digestion on the antioxidant activity and stability of tomato powders (TPs), dried at three different temperatures (60, 80, and 100 °C) and added to pork patties (1% TP by weight), were investigated. The pork patties with three TPs underwent in vitro human digestion with enterobacteria. Lycopene and individual phenolic compounds were analyzed by using HPLC. The highest total phenolic compounds (6.96 g/100 g) and lycopene concentrations (2.68 mg/100 g) were observed in pork patties with TP dried at 100 °C. In addition, antioxidant activity of pork patties containing TPs were measured during in vitro human digestion. Gallic acid (23.8 to 41.6 g/100 g), chlorogenic acid (11.2 to 25.7 g/100 g), and caffeic acid (11.1 to 21.7 g/100 g) were detected as the main phenolic compounds in the TPs. Lycopene, and total and individual phenolic compound contents increased with increasing drying temperatures. Moreover, in vitro human digestion increased the antioxidant activity of TP‐containing pork patties. The lycopene and total phenolics contents were increased during in vitro human digestion with enterobacteria by 146% to 220% and 1549% to 2095%, respectively as compared to the samples of before digestion. Hence, we hypothesized that the antioxidant activity of each TP increased during in vitro human digestion and depended on the amount of lycopene and phenolic compounds released. The TP dried at the highest temperature (100 °C) had the highest antioxidant activity in pork patties during in vitro human digestion.Practical ApplicationIn this study, we revealed that in vitro human digestion increases the antioxidant activities of tomato powder. In addition, tomato powder dried at the highest temperature (100 °C) showed the highest antioxidant activity. Therefore, tomato powder at 100 °C could be used as strong antioxidants in meat products.
Global research trends in stem cells for osteoarthritis: a bibliometric and visualized study
Authors: Xing Dan , Zhao Yu , Dong Shengjie , Lin Jianhao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThere have been increased interests in the use of stems cells in the research of osteoarthritis (OA). The present study aimed to investigate the global status and trends in this field.MethodPublications related to stem cells search in OA from 1994 to 2017 were retrieved from the Science Citation Index‐Expanded Web of Science. The source data were studied and indexed using a bibliometric methodology. For visualized study, VOS viewer software was used to conduct bibliographic coupling, co‐authorship, co‐citation and co‐occurrence analysis and to analyze the publication trends in stem cells for OA research.ResultA total of 1933 articles were included. The relative research interests and number of publications were globally increasing per year. The USA made the highest contributions to the global research with the most citations and the highest H‐index. The journal Osteoarthritis and Cartilage had the highest publication number. The Tokyo Medical and Dental University, University of Pittsburgh and Shanghai Jiaotong University were the most contributive institutions. Studies could be divided into four clusters: mechanism study, animal study, clinical trials and tissue engineering. The clinical studies were predicted to be the next popular topic in this field.ConclusionThe number of publications about stem cells for OA would be increasing based on the current global trends. The USA was the largest contributor in this field. Most efforts could be put into clinical studies involving mesenchymal stem cells for OA, which may be the next hot spots in OA and stem cells research.
Significance of combined anti‐CCP antibodies and rheumatoid factor in a New Zealand cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kamalaksha Sujatha , White Douglas H. N. , Solanki Kamal K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) can present as an overlap syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis (SSc‐RA overlap).ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti‐CCP) in our SSc cohort and their association with clinical features.MethodsData were gathered prospectively from the Waikato Hospital Systemic Sclerosis Clinics. Patients with SSc and SOS (systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome) underwent baseline auto‐antibody profiling including RF and anti‐CCP along with annual clinical review.ResultsOur cohort comprised of 132 patients (two had incomplete data); 115 (87.1%) were female. Out of 89 limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) patients, arthralgia, synovitis, contractures, tendon crepitus and erosions on imaging were found in three, 10, 31, five and nine patients, respectively. Within the 33 diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) patients, arthralgia, synovitis, contractures, tendon crepitus and erosion were found in 15, five, 27, five and one patient, respectively. In the 10 SOS patients, arthralgia, synovitis and contractures were found in six, three and two patients; none had tendon crepitus or erosions. RF positivity was found in 15.7%, 9% and 20% of patients with lcSSc, dcSSc and SOS, and anti‐CCP positivity was found in 13.5%, 6.1% and 0% in lcSSc, dcSSc and SOS patients. A statistically significant relationship of double antibody positivity with arthralgia (P = 0.03) and erosions (P < 0.001) was found. Anti‐CCP positivity association with erosions was significant at P = 0.007.ConclusionOur study confirms that articular manifestations are common in SSc. Statistically significant associations of double antibody positivity with arthralgia and erosions were demonstrated. Significant association between anti‐CCP antibody and erosions was also confirmed.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase‐Activating Polypeptide‐27 (PACAP‐27) in the Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Is Stimulated by Ethanol Drinking
Authors: Gupta Anuranita , Gargiulo Andrew T. , Curtis Genevieve R. , Badve Preeti S. , Pandey Surya , Barson Jessica R. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a limbic brain structure that affects ethanol (EtOH) drinking, but the neurochemicals transcribed in this nucleus that may participate in this behavior have yet to be fully characterized. The neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), is known to be transcribed in other limbic areas and to be involved in many of the same behaviors as thePVTitself, possibly including EtOHdrinking. It exists in 2 isoforms,PACAP‐38 andPACAP‐27, with the former expressed at higher levels in most brain regions. The purpose of this study was to characterizePACAPin thePVTand to assess its response to EtOHdrinking.MethodsFirst, EtOH‐naïve, Sprague Dawley rats were examined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, to characterizePACAP mRNAand peptide throughout the rostrocaudal axis of thePVT. Next, EtOH‐naïve,vGLUT2‐GFPtransgenic mice were examined using immunohistochemistry, to identify the neurochemical phenotype of thePACAPergic cells in thePVT. Finally, Long Evans rats were trained to drink 20% EtOHunder the intermittent‐access paradigm and then examined withPCRand immunohistochemistry, to determine the effects of EtOHon endogenousPACAPin the PVT.ResultsGene expression ofPACAPwas detected across the entirePVT, denser in the posterior than the anterior portion of this nucleus. The protein isoform,PACAP‐27, was present in a high percentage of cell bodies in thePVT, again particularly in the posterior portion, whilePACAP‐38 was instead dense in fibers. AllPACAP‐27+cells colabeled with glutamate, which itself was identified in the majority ofPVTcells. EtOHdrinking led to an increase inPACAPgene expression and in levels ofPACAP‐27 in individual cells of thePVT.ConclusionsThis study characterizes thePVTneuropeptide,PACAP, and its understudied protein isoform,PACAP‐27, and demonstrates that it is involved in pharmacologically relevant EtOHdrinking. This indicates thatPACAP‐27 should be further investigated for its possible role in EtOHdrinking.
Moderation of baclofen response by a GABAB receptor polymorphism: results from the BacALD randomized controlled trial
Authors: Morley Kirsten C. , Luquin Natasha , Baillie Andrew , Fraser Isabel , Trent Ronald J. , Dore Glenys , Phung Nghi , Haber Paul S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsBaclofen has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption in alcohol‐dependent individuals, but there is marked heterogeneity in response. An association between GABBR1 rs29220 and alcohol dependence has been demonstrated previously. The present study evaluated whether the response to baclofen is moderated by a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs29220) in the GABAB receptor subunit 1 gene (GABBR1).DesignDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsSeventy‐two alcohol‐dependent men and women receiving 12 weeks of 30 mg/day of baclofen, 75 mg baclofen or placebo.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes included time to lapse (any drinking) and relapse (> 5 drinks per day in men and > 4 in women). We also examined alcohol consumption at follow‐up (drinks per drinking day, number of heavy drinking days and percentage days abstinent).FindingsWe observed significant medication × genotype interaction effect for time to relapse (P = 0.049) and a near‐significant interaction effect for time to lapse (P = 0.055). For the CC genotype group, the relapse hazard ratio for baclofen versus placebo was 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14–0.75] and for the G– group it was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.43–2.63). There was also a significant medication × genotype interaction for follow‐up alcohol consumption (drinks per drinking day, heavy drinking days and days abstinent) (P = 0.02). Covarying for baseline levels of craving, aspartate aminotransferase and abstinence before enrolment reduced the medication × genotype effect for time to lapse and relapse but not for alcohol consumption at follow‐up.ConclusionsThe GABBR1 rs29220 polymorphism may influence treatment response and possibly predict adverse effects to baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
San Juan, the Fragile City: Finance Capital, Class, and the Making of Puerto Rico's Economic Crisis
Authors: Villanueva Joaquín , Cobián Martín , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper narrates Puerto Rico's fiscal and financial crisis through a reading of San Juan's urban landscape. We underscore the role of capital in the city, primarily embodied by the local capitalist class (the Criollo bloc) and foreign capitalists. Historically excluded from the manufacturing sector (dominated by US capitalists), the Criollo bloc accumulates its wealth by concentrating financial assets in the city. In times of crisis, the Criollo bloc resorts to the acquisition of new assets and asset exchange with foreign capitalists to remain solvent and provide short‐term solutions to the state's fiscal and financial limits. The survival of the local capitalist class, we demonstrate, is dependent on asset stripping. Drawing on Clyde Woods, we document how asset stripping unevenly redistributes wealth and risks along class and racial lines within a colonial economy. The finance capital/asset stripping basis of San Juan's economy renders it an extremely fragile city, we contend.
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy has limited effect on infant birthweight and umbilical vein endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Hedengran Katrine K. , Andersen Malene R. , Szecsi Pal B. , Lindh Christian , Uldbjerg Niels , Stender Steen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionWomen who smoke, deliver significantly smaller infants. These infants have reduced levels of the vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the umbilical vessels, which may reduce fetal growth. Serum cotinine, the degradation product of nicotine, can be used to determine the level of tobacco exposure. Newborns of environmental smokers are suggested to be smaller and shorter in weight, length, and head circumference. eNOS levels have not yet been studied in these infants. We investigated the existence of a relation between maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, eNOS activity, concentration, and birthweight.Material and methodsWe included 263 healthy singleton pregnancies categorized into three groups according to measured cotinine levels: 175 nonsmokers, 38 smokers, and 50 environmental smokers. Cotinine was quantified by mass spectrometry with a detection limit of .2 ng/mL; eNOS activity and concentration were measured in endothelial cells (ECs) of the umbilical vein.ResultsInfants born to environmental smokers had similar weights to infants born to nonsmokers (47 g heavier, P = .48). Cotinine concentrations were .06/.09/.12 ng/mL (quartiles) in infants born to nonsmokers, .27/.37/.81 ng/mL in infants born to women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, and 43.0/63.8/108.1 ng/mL in infants born to smokers. The eNOS concentration was 1.65 ± .92 ng/106 ECs (mean ± SD) in nonsmokers and 1.71 ± 1.00 ng/106 ECs in environmental smokers. The eNOS activity was 52.0 ± 20.6 pmol l‐citrulline/min/106 ECs in nonsmokers and 48.7 ± 19.8 pmol l‐citrulline/min/106 ECs in environmental smokers.ConclusionsInfants born to environmental smokers, as judged by umbilical serum cotinine levels close to .2 ng/mL, are not associated with lower birthweight or reduced eNOS activity, or concentration in the fetal vascular bed.
6 There is No Means by Which I Live: Livelihood and Power at the Margins of the State
Authors: Thurston T. L. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe social and political power of marginal highland dwellers is examined through comparison of historical and archaeological data in early Sweden and modern Lesotho, southern Africa. Upland dwellers negotiated political and environmental challenges while struggling to establish community in the face of high taxation, uprooting, and violence. Current understandings of the medical and psychosocial impacts of such challenges indicate that individuals experience severe stress, but also intense attachment to their environment, even when living in highly marginal places with tenuous livelihoods. This nexus may help clarify similar archaeological cases.
Tu Youyou winning the Nobel Prize: Ethical research on the value and safety of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zheng Wei‐rong , Li En‐chang , Peng Song , Wang Xiao‐shang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 2015, the Chinese pharmacologist, Tu Youyou, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of artemisinin. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the source of inspiration for Tu's discovery and provides an opportunity for the world to know more about TCM as a source of medical knowledge and practice. In this article, the value of TCM is evaluated from an ethical perspective. The characteristics of ‘jian, bian, yan, lian’ are explored in the way they promote accessibility and economic efficiency for TCM. The article also examines how the increased use and prevalence of TCM reflects the scientific, cultural, and ethical values of TCM and their increasing attraction in meeting major challenges to medicine and health systems currently and in the future. The article discusses safety issues within TCM, which is a controversial area, and also comments on some shortcomings and challenges which pose difficulties for more widespread and greater uptake of TCM‐derived clinical or therapeutic interventions. The article concludes that TCM is generally safe if it is used according to TCM theory and where such applications are cognizant of the strengths and weaknesses of TCM. TCM has important bioethical values which may inform potential measures for meeting challenges facing global health care systems and the article argues that it can have an increasing role in improving human health.
Use of machine learning to predict early biochemical recurrence after robot‐assisted prostatectomy
Authors: Wong Nathan C. , Lam Cameron , Patterson Lisa , Shayegan Bobby 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo train and compare machine‐learning algorithms with traditional regression analysis for the prediction of early biochemical recurrence after robot‐assisted prostatectomy.Patients and MethodsA prospectively collected dataset of 338 patients who underwent robot‐assisted prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer was examined. We used three supervised machine‐learning algorithms and 19 different training variables (demographic, clinical, imaging and operative data) in a hypothesis‐free manner to build models that could predict patients with biochemical recurrence at 1 year. We also performed traditional Cox regression analysis for comparison.ResultsK‐nearest neighbour, logistic regression and random forest classifier were used as machine‐learning models. Classic Cox regression analysis had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.865 for the prediction of biochemical recurrence. All three of our machine‐learning models (K‐nearest neighbour (AUC 0.903), random forest tree (AUC 0.924) and logistic regression (AUC 0.940) outperformed the conventional statistical regression model. Accuracy prediction scores for K‐nearest neighbour, random forest tree and logistic regression were 0.976, 0.953 and 0.976, respectively.ConclusionsMachine‐learning techniques can produce accurate disease predictability better that traditional statistical regression. These tools may prove clinically useful for the automated prediction of patients who develop early biochemical recurrence after robot‐assisted prostatectomy. For these patients, appropriate individualized treatment options can improve outcomes and quality of life.