bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the destabilization susceptibility of active rock glaciers in the French Alps
Authors: Marcer Marco , Serrano Charlie , Brenning Alexander , Bodin Xavier , Goetz Jason , Schoeneich Philippe 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. In this study, we propose a methodology to estimate the spatial
distribution of destabilizing rock glaciers, with a focus on the French Alps.
We mapped geomorphological features that can be typically found in cases of
rock glacier destabilization (e.g. crevasses and scarps) using orthoimages
taken from 2000 to 2013. A destabilization rating was assigned by taking into
account the evolution of these mapped destabilization geomorphological
features and by observing the surface deformation patterns of the rock
glacier, also using the available orthoimages. This destabilization rating
then served as input to model the occurrence of rock glacier destabilization
in relation to terrain attributes and to spatially predict the
susceptibility to destabilization at a regional scale. Significant evidence
of destabilization could be observed in 46 rock glaciers, i.e. 10 % of the
total active rock glaciers in the region. Based on our susceptibility model
of destabilization occurrence, it was found that this phenomenon is more
likely to occur in elevations around the 0 ∘C isotherm (2700–2900 m a.s.l.),
on north-facing slopes, steep terrain (25 to 30∘) and flat to slightly
convex topographies. Model performance was good (AUROC = 0.76), and the
susceptibility map also performed well at reproducing observable patterns of
destabilization. About 3 km2 of creeping permafrost, or 10 % of the
surface occupied by active rock glaciers, had a high susceptibility to
destabilization. Considering we observed that only half of these areas of
creep are currently showing destabilization evidence, we suspect there is a
high potential for future rock glacier destabilization within the French
Alps.
EELC 2018/36 An expectation that a disabled employee should work long hours was potentially discriminatory (UK)
Authors: McEvoy Tom 
Published: January 2019

EELC 2018/36 An expectation that a disabled employee should work long hours was potentially discriminatory (UK)
The Court of Appeal has confirmed that an expectation that a disabled employee would work long hours was a ‘provision, criterion or practice’ in a disability discrimination claim regarding reasonable adjustments. It also held that, on the facts, the employer’s conduct had caused the employee to resign and this entitled him to claim constructive unfair dismissal.
EELC 2018/39 Supreme Court decision on part-time work and fixed-term employment (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K. 
Published: January 2019

EELC 2018/39 Supreme Court decision on part-time work and fixed-term employment (DK)
The Danish Supreme Court has held there was no discrimination against four part-time teachers at a university in that they did not receive pension contributions. Their positions could not be compared to those of full-time teachers, who were entitled to pension contributions. However, it did constitute a violation of the Danish rules on fixed-term work that the teachers had, for a number of years, been employed on several fixed-term contracts, as they had, in effect, been continuously employed in the same position. Consequently, the teachers were awarded compensation.
EELC 2018/44 Travelling time from home to customers is working time in the absence of a fixed work place (BE)
Authors: Pecinovsky Pieter 
Published: January 2019

EELC 2018/44 Travelling time from home to customers is working time in the absence of a fixed work place (BE)
For workers without a fixed workplace, travelling time between their place of residence and the first customer and travelling time between the last customer and the place of residence constitutes working time.
Quantitative Image Analysis of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Immunohistochemistry for Breast Cancer: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists
Authors: Bui Marilyn M , Riben Michael W. , Allison Kimberly H. , Chlipala Elizabeth , Colasacco Carol , Kahn Andrea G. , Lacchetti Christina , Madabhushi Anant , Pantanowitz Liron , Salama Mohamed E. , Stewart Rachel L. , Thomas Nicole E. , Tomaszewski John E. , Hammond M. Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

Context.—Advancements in genomic, computing, and imaging technology have spurred new opportunities to use quantitative image analysis (QIA) for diagnostic testing.Objective.—To develop evidence-based recommendations to improve accuracy, precision, and reproducibility in the interpretation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) for breast cancer where QIA is used.Design.—The College of American Pathologists (CAP) convened a panel of pathologists, histotechnologists, and computer scientists with expertise in image analysis, immunohistochemistry, quality management, and breast pathology to develop recommendations for QIA of HER2 IHC in breast cancer. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to address 5 key questions. Final recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment feedback, expert panel consensus, and advisory panel review.Results.—Eleven recommendations were drafted: 7 based on CAP laboratory accreditation requirements and 4 based on expert consensus opinions. A 3-week open comment period received 180 comments from more than 150 participants.Conclusions.—To improve accurate, precise, and reproducible interpretation of HER2 IHC results for breast cancer, QIA and procedures must be validated before implementation, followed by regular maintenance and ongoing evaluation of quality control and quality assurance. HER2 QIA performance, interpretation, and reporting should be supervised by pathologists with expertise in QIA.
Pharmacologic Management of Agitation and Aggression in a Pediatric Emergency Department – A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kendrick Jennifer G. , Goldman Ran D. , Carr Roxane R. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND Benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use for acute management of agitation and aggression in the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting has not been well described.
OBJECTIVES To describe medication utilization in the management of agitation and aggression in a pediatric ED and to assess the safety of their use.
METHODS This was a retrospective observational study. Patients less than 20 years of age who presented to our pediatric ED and had agitation or aggression as part of their chief complaint were included if they received at least 1 dose of benzodiazepine or antipsychotic. Outcomes included frequency of benzodiazepine and antipsychotic use, dosing of medications, and reported adverse events.
RESULTS During the 5-year study period, there were 128 visits of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Lorazepam was most commonly given (70%), followed by chlorpromazine (20%). Most patients (82%) required a single dose of medication. Intoxication was associated with needing more than 1 dose of medication. Patients with autism or Asperger syndrome were more likely to receive an antipsychotic medication compared to not having these conditions (75% vs. 28%, respectively). Adverse events were documented in 6 visits: oxygen desaturation (n = 1), dizziness and nausea (n = 2), dizziness (n = 1), and paradoxical excitation (n = 2). The Naranjo Score indicated a probable adverse drug reaction for the cases of paradoxical excitation.
CONCLUSIONS Benzodiazepine and antipsychotic drug therapy for acute agitation and aggression in children appears to be safe and well tolerated when used as a single agent and at the recommended doses in this setting.
Identification of Factors Associated With the Desire to Participate in a Pediatric Pharmacy Practice-Based Research Network
Authors: Stultz Jeremy S. , Knoderer Chad A. , Manasco Kalen B. , Morgan Jill A. , Phan Hanna 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the practice-based research network (PBRN) potential within the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) membership and to identify characteristics associated with member willingness to join a PPAG PBRN.METHODS In October 2016, a 21-question survey was sent by email to approximately 900 PPAG pharmacist members (excluding students) using contact information contained in the PPAG membership database. The survey elucidated information regarding training, clinical and research experience, practice site information, and willingness to participate in a PPAG PBRN. Descriptive statistics described the potential PBRN and multivariate logistic regression determined respondent characteristics associated with willingness to join the PBRN.RESULTS Of 145 survey respondents (a 16% survey response rate), 92 selected “yes” regarding their willingness to participate in the PPAG PBRN. Acute care general pediatrics was the most common area where respondents desired to perform research (44.6% of “yes” respondents), with over 2500 patients/day collectively available. The most common selected limitations to research were time and size of available patient populations (59.8% and 47.8% of “yes” respondents, respectively). Cumulative hours/week members would be willing to devote to the PBRN was approximately 77 to 206. Publication of a retrospective study (OR 10.4, 95% CI 2.1–51.9, p = 0.004), research protected time (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.4–17.8, p = 0.015), and affiliation with an academic medical center (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.05–10.45, p = 0.04) were independently associated with willingness (a “yes” response) to join a PPAG PBRN.CONCLUSIONS Within the PPAG membership, there is sufficient interest, expertise, patient exposure, and member time to develop a PBRN focused on pediatric pharmacotherapy. The identified characteristics associated with willingness to join the PBRN can help focus efforts for member involvement, education, and recruitment to ensure sustainability of the PPAG PBRN.
Associations Between Sleep Quality, Sleep Architecture and Sleep Disordered Breathing and Memory After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES)
Authors: Quan Stuart F. , Budhiraja Rohit , Kushida Clete A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective The role of sleep architecture in consolidation of memory has not been extensively investigated. In this study, the association of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and sleep architecture and quality, and sleep disordered breathing on changes in memory are explored during the course of a 6 month clinical trial of CPAP or sham CPAP (APPLES).
Methods 848 participants had polysomnographic and memory assessments (Buschke Selective Reminding Test [Buschke] and Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]) at baseline, CPAP/Sham CPAP titration, and the 2 and 6 month time points. Half were assigned to the CPAP and Sham CPAP groups respectively. Changes in performance on the Buschke and the DSST were analyzed over the course of the study between CPAP and Sham CPAP as well as in relationship to changes in sleep architecture, sleep quality and sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
Results Sleep architecture, sleep quality and SDB improved in the CPAP group at 6 months; performance on the Buschke and DSST improved equally in both CPAP and Sham CPAP groups. There also were no significant correlations between changes in the amount or percentage of sleep stages between baseline and the 6 months, and corresponding changes in either the Buschke or the DSST. However, when stratified by the upper quartile and lower 3 quartiles, greater changes in the Buschke occurred over 6 months in the top quartile of total sleep time (5.7±7.3 vs. 4.0±6.8,p≤0.01) and amount of N3 sleep (55.9±7.7 vs. 53.6±8.9 min, p≤0.01). Those with more %N3 at 6 months scored better on the Buschke as well (55.9±7.8 vs. 53.6±8.9, p≤0.01). Borderline improvement in the DSST over 6 months was observed in the top quartiles of amount of N3 and %N3. Those in the top quartile of the amount of REM and %REM also showed greater improvement in the Buschke after 6 months. No differences were observed for the AHI, but those in the top quartile of oxygen desaturation had worse scores on the Buschke at 6 months. CPAP/Sham CPAP adherence did not impact 6 month Buschke or DSST performance.
Conclusions CPAP improved long-term sleep duration, quality and architecture, but did not memory. However, large changes in REM and N3 sleep as well as moderate amounts of nocturnal hypoxemia are associated with changes in assessments of memory.
Rapid Eye Movement sleep deprivation of rat generates ROS in the hepatocytes and makes them more susceptible to oxidative stress
Authors: Pandey Atul , Kar Santosh K 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND Rapid Eye Movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) of rats causes inflammation of the liver and apoptotic cell death of neurons and hepatocytes. Studies also suggest that REM sleep deprivation can cause muscle as well as cardiac injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
Objective and methods The aim of this research was to determine whether REM sleep deprivation of rats would increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hepatocytes and create oxidative stress in them. We selectively deprived the rats for REM sleep using the standard flower pot method.
Results We observed that when rats were subjected to REM sleep deprivation, the levels of ROS in their hepatocytes increased ~184.33% compared to large platform control (LPC) group by day 9 of deprivation, but it returned towards normal level (~49.27%) after recovery sleep for 5 days. Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and protein levels as determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis respectively were found to be elevated in hepatocytes of REM sleep deprived rats as compared to the LPC group. The level of nitric oxide (NO) in the hepatocytes of REMSD rats also increased by ~404.40% as compared to the LPC group but sleep recovery for 5 days normalized the effect (~135.35% compared to LPC group). We used a large platform control group as a reference group to compare with the REM sleep deprived group as the effect on the hepatocytes of both LPC group and cage control groups were not significantly different.
Discussion We have analyzed the oxidative stress generated in the hepatocytes of rats due to REM sleep deprivation and further consequences of it. REMS deprivation not only increased the levels of ROS in the hepatocytes but also induced iNOS and NO in them. REM sleep deprived hepatocytes became more susceptible to oxidative stresses on further exposures. Furthermore, our study has great pathological and physiological.
Sleep disturbances, academic performance, depressive symptoms and substance use among medical students in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Barahona-Correa Julián Esteban , Aristizabal-Mayor Juan Diego , Lasalvia Pieralessandro , Ruiz Álvaro J , Hidalgo-Martínez Patricia 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Poor sleep patterns are common in undergraduates and may turn them prone to mood disorders, substance abuse and impaired academic performance. The aim of this study was to assess sleep disturbances among medical students, and whether associations with academic performance, depressive symptoms or substance use were present.
Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 544 medical students of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogota, Colombia were included. Using a computer-based survey, self-reported variables were assessed, including demographics, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin Questionnaire, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - IV depression criteria, Grade Point Average (GPA), and substance use. Associations between these variables were obtained.
Results: Fifty-four percent of students were women. Poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) and daytime sleepiness (ESS>10) were found in 65% of the population. A higher GPA was more frequent in students with good sleep quality (OR= 2.6 [1.5-4.5]), lack of daytime sleepiness (OR= 2 [1.3-3.1]) and low risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) (OR= 3.1 [1.6-5.9]). DSM-IV depression criteria were fulfilled by 26% of the students and were associated with poor sleep patterns. Energy drinks use was associated with poor sleep quality.
Discussion: Poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms are frequent among medical students and are associated with lower academic performance. The identification of students at risk and the implementation of targeted interventions are warranted. Fostering adequate sleep habits and training on sleep medicine may partly counteract these issues.
Quality of Sleep and Depression in College Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dinis João , Bragança Miguel 
Published: January 2019

Background: Nowadays, sleep-related problems are a prevalent occurrence among university students. Poor sleep quality is one of the most studied aspects of sleep complaints, affecting from 10% to 50% of this population. Poor sleep quality consequences are many and have a profound impact in the student's psychobiological health. University students live through a period of psychological challenge and adaptation, since the transition from high school to professional life. Abrupt autonomy challenges students to deal with many choices, from their academic and social life to their intimate habits. Frequently, sleep hygiene is neglected, or they are unable to use proper coping mechanisms, resulting in disturbing consequences that could impact their lives as adults. Research has found a significant association between sleep quality and depression or depressive symptoms, but this relationship is still somewhat difficult to interpret.
Objective: The objective of this review is to appraise the current knowledge around the relationship of sleep with depression in this group of young adults. Data Source: Articles included in Medline database.
Methods: After a careful search, the articles selected aimed mainly college students. The studies had sleep quality and depression objectively assessed, focused in the relationship between both, and addressed possible influencing factors.
Results: The current literature still supports a bidirectional relationship between sleep and depression, however, the importance of sleep quality is becoming a very relevant variable.
Conclusion: Education and the application of policies regarding sleep hygiene may prevent, in some cases, the development of depression and improve the quality of sleep in other cases. Future research should clarify the relationship between sleep problems and depression in a way they could be prevented or, at least, minimalized with effective and achievable interventions.
Un mundo de colores: fuerza y significado del cromatismo en los relatos de viajes hispánicos a finales de la Edad Media
Authors: Roumier Julia 
Published: January 2019

Se suele subrayar la parquedad de las menciones de colores presentes en los textos medievales. Incluso una especialista de los relatos de viajes medievales franceses llegó a calificarlos de «mundos en blanco y negro». Sin embargo los relatos de viajes hispánicos medievales suelen aludir al cromatismo de numerosos objetos. ¿En qué medida el arte descriptivo de los relatos de viajes descansa en las menciones cromáticas y qué funciones cumplen éstas? ¿Cómo proceden los autores para comunicar al lector las impresiones visuales? ¿qué sensaciones intentan compartir? Más allá del simbolismo, la materialidad de los colores parece un elemento clave que corresponde al interés propio de los Occidentales medievales por las riquezas de los territorios lejanos y los elementos lujosos que las más veces se caracterizaban por unos colores intensos y expresivos.Il est couramment admis que la littérature médiévale n’abonde pas en adjectifs de couleurs. Au sujet des récits de voyages, Christiane Deluz a, par conséquent, parlé d’un monde en noir et blanc, affirmant que les couleurs en sont pratiquement absentes. La nature des descriptions que l’on trouve dans les récits de voyages médiévaux occidentaux tiendrait, selon elle, davantage du croquis ou du plan schématique que du tableau polychrome et détaillé. Il nous semble toutefois que cette affirmation doive être considérablement nuancée en ce qui concerne les récits de voyages médiévaux hispaniques dans lesquels ces précisions jouent un rôle particulièrement important. Au-delà du symbolisme, la matérialité des couleurs est un élément clé qui correspond à l›intérêt des occidentaux du Moyen Âge pour les richesses des territoires lointains.
«All my writing has been a letter to you»: la poesía dramática de Tennessee Williams o el retrato emocional de un dramaturgo
Authors: Piñero Gil Eulalia 
Published: January 2019

En este ensayo se analiza la obra poética del dramaturgo norteamericano Tennessee Williams como trasunto y reflejo de su compleja vida privada. La poesía es una suerte de autobiografía emocional del escritor a través de la cual explora su fragilidad y vulnerabilidad como ser humano. Asimismo, se cuestiona la recepción de su obra poética y la separación que han puesto de manifiesto los críticos entre su poesía y su teatro. El gran poeta del teatro norteamericano utilizó la poesía como metatexto e intertexto de su obra dramática, así como testimonio de su intenso mundo emocional. La poesía fue para el dramaturgo una cuestión de supervivencia física desde su adolescencia. En su primer poemario, In the Winter of the Cities (1956), el poeta manifiesta sus deseos, su sexualidad, los temores e inquietudes sobre la muerte, la vejez, la fragilidad, el deseo homo erótico, la violencia social y la familiar, la inocencia, la locura, el amor y el desamor. El dramaturgo norteamericano tuvo que convivir con la realidad de una exitosa carrera como dramaturgo, así como con el relativo fracaso que tuvo como poeta, fruto de una injusta recepción crítica que le reprochó su total desvinculación de las corrientes formalistas de su época.This essay analyzes Tennesse Williams’s poetry as a reflection of his complex private life. The American playwright published his poetical work as an emotional autobiography through which he explored his fragility and vulnerability as a human being. Likewise, the author of the essay questions the poet’s critical reception and how his poetry has been traditionally dissociated from his plays. The great poet of the American theater used poetry as metatex and intertextual reference of his plays, as well as a testimony of his complex emotional life. In this way, poetry writing was for Williams a question of physical survival from his early puberty. In his first poetry collection, In the Winter of the Cities (1956), Williams depicted his desires, sexuality, fears, and preoccupations about death, aging, fragility, homoerotic desire, social and family violence, innocence, madness, love and lack of affection. The dramatist had to coexist with the reality of a successful career as a playwright and his disappointment about the unfairly evaluation of his poetry by the critics that censured, among other things, his absolute distancing from the formalist currents of his time.