bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic cues modulating the generation of cell‐type diversity in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Amberg Nicole , Laukoter Susanne , Hippenmeyer Simon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe cerebral cortex is composed of a large variety of distinct cell‐types including projection neurons, interneurons, and glial cells which emerge from distinct neural stem cell lineages. The vast majority of cortical projection neurons and certain classes of glial cells are generated by radial glial progenitor cells in a highly orchestrated manner. Recent studies employing single cell analysis and clonal lineage tracing suggest that neural stem cell and radial glial progenitor lineage progression are regulated in a profound deterministic manner. In this review we focus on recent advances based mainly on correlative phenotypic data emerging from functional genetic studies in mice. We establish hypotheses to test in future research and outline a conceptual framework how epigenetic cues modulate the generation of cell‐type diversity during cortical development.
Six‐week pretreatment with growth hormone improves clinical outcomes of poor ovarian responders undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment: A self‐controlled clinical study
Authors: Cai Mei‐Hong , Liang Xiao‐Yan , Wu Yao‐Qiu , Huang Rui , Yang Xing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe purpose was to explore whether the 6 weeks of growth hormone (GH) pretreatment could increase the live birth rate of poor ovarian responders (POR).MethodsThis self‐controlled, retrospective study was performed among 380 POR who had GH adjuvant (GH+) at a university‐affiliated hospital in Guangzhou, China, from October 2010 to April 2016. Growth hormone was injected daily beginning with the previous menstruation and maintained until ovum pickup, for approximately 6 weeks. Clinical variables between the GH+ cycle and the other GH‐free (GH‐) cycle of each patient were compared. Both cycles were conducted with a similar conventional control ovarian hyperstimulation protocol for in vitro fertilization treatment. One to one case–control matching was performed to adjust essential confounding factors between GH+ cycles and GH‐ cycles.ResultsGH pretreatment improved embryo quality (1.14 ± 1.50 vs 0.11 ± 0.48, P < 0.05) and decreased miscarriage (18.8% vs 80.0%, P < 0.05) significantly, resulting in an increase in the live birth rate (23.5% vs 3.9%, P < 0.05). The oocyte utilization rate in GH+ cycles was remarkably improved, even with older patients and more failed previous attempts. Significant improvement in embryo quality was shown by an increased number of good‐quality embryos and improved oocyte utilization rate after matching.ConclusionsThe longer term use of low‐dose GH administration for 6 weeks could be beneficial for the utilization of oocytes and for finally increasing the live birth rates of POR.
Is Two Too Many? Parity and Mothers' Labor Force Exit
Authors: Doren Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Objective: How do women's chances of labor force exit vary by the number of children they have?Background: Conventional wisdom suggests that there may be a tipping point at the second child when women are particularly likely to leave. Women who only have one child, by contrast, are thought to be uniquely unlikely to exit.Method: Using data from the nationally representative 1979 to 2012 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (
https://www.nlsinfo.org/content/cohorts/nlsy79), event history methods estimate the likelihood of labor force exit as women progress across parity transitions.Results: The results show no evidence for a tipping point around the birth of second children. Women are instead most likely to leave the labor force when they are pregnant with their first child, and each subsequent child is associated with a smaller increase in the probability of exit. In addition, women who only ever have one child are less likely to leave the labor force than those who have more children, and these differences arise as early as their pregnancies with their first children. College‐educated women who only have one child are especially unlikely to exit.Conclusion: The findings thus do not support the second child tipping point hypothesis, but they emphasize the importance of completed parity and the transition to motherhood for mothers' labor force behavior.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with orbital inflammation
Authors: Fischer M. C. , Busse C. , Adrian A. M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo describe MRI features of canine retrobulbar inflammation, their association with clinical findings and outcome and to assess the value of MRI in detecting orbital foreign bodies.Materials and MethodsClinical records of dogs with confirmed (23 of 31) and suspected (eight of 31) retrobulbar inflammation that underwent low field MRI studies were analysed retrospectively.ResultsOf the 31 dogs included in the study there was abscessation in 19. Extraocular myositis (27 of 31) was concurrent with strabismus in three cases. Of 25 patients with exophthalmos, 14 had concurrent optic nerve swelling and, of these, five had permanent loss of vision. There was no vision loss in patients without nerve swelling. One case of suspected retinal detachment on MRI was confirmed clinically. Extensive abnormal contrast enhancement in the temporalis, masseter and pterygoideus muscles was associated with facial (n=3) and trigeminal nerve deficits (n=1). Three patients with inflammation extending into the nasal cavity and frontal sinus (one of 31) or meningeal contrast enhancement (two of 31), showed optic and oculomotor nerve deficits. On MRI a foreign body was not visible in 20 of 31 case or “appeared likely” in 11 of 31 dogs. A foreign body was found at surgery in one case.Clinical SignificanceMRI outlines the extent of retrobulbar inflammation. Clinical findings were associated with imaging findings. MRI overestimated the presence of foreign bodies.
Superreplication with proportional transaction cost under model uncertainty
Authors: Bouchard Bruno , Deng Shuoqing , Tan Xiaolu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe consider a discrete‐time financial market with proportional transaction cost under model uncertainty, and study a superreplication problem. We recover the duality results that are well known in the classical dominated context. Our key argument consists in using a randomization technique together with the minimax theorem to convert the initial problem to a frictionless problem on an enlarged space. This allows us to appeal to the techniques and results of Bouchard and Nutz to obtain the duality result.
On the relation between linearity‐generating processes and linear‐rational models
Authors: Filipović Damir , Larsson Martin , Trolle Anders B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe review the notion of a linearity‐generating (LG) process introduced by Gabaix and relate LG processes to linear‐rational (LR) models studied by Filipović et al. We show that every LR model can be represented as an LG process and vice versa. We find that LR models have two basic properties that make them an important representation of LG processes. First, LR models can be easily specified and made consistent with nonnegative interest rates. Second, LR models go naturally with the long‐term risk factorization due to Alvarez and Jermann, Hansen and Scheinkman, and Qin and Linetsky. Every LG process under the long forward measure can be represented as a lower dimensional LR model.
Cover's universal portfolio, stochastic portfolio theory, and the numéraire portfolio
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Schachermayer Walter , Wong Ting‐Kam Leonard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCover's celebrated theorem states that the long‐run yield of a properly chosen “universal” portfolio is almost as good as that of the best retrospectively chosen constant rebalanced portfolio. The “universality” refers to the fact that this result is model‐free, that is, not dependent on an underlying stochastic process. We extend Cover's theorem to the setting of stochastic portfolio theory: the market portfolio is taken as the numéraire, and the rebalancing rule need not be constant anymore but may depend on the current state of the stock market. By fixing a stochastic model of the stock market this model‐free result is complemented by a comparison with the numéraire portfolio. Roughly speaking, under appropriate assumptions the asymptotic growth rate coincides for the three approaches mentioned in the title of this paper. We present results in both discrete and continuous time.
Coping with Conflict: Testosterone and Cortisol Changes in Men Dealing with Disagreement about Values versus Resources
Authors: Harinck Fieke , Kouzakova Marina , Ellemers Naomi , Scheepers Daan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn an experimental design, we manipulated disagreement about values versus resources (N = 36). We investigated, using male participants, how the nature of the conflict affects testosterone and cortisol changes. We hypothesized a testosterone increase in response to disagreement about resources, but no increase when values were at stake. Results corroborated this idea. This research illustrates how psychological factors affect neuroendocrine and coping responses to social stressors and conflict.
Abnormal esophageal motility during a solid test meal in systemic sclerosis—detection even in very early disease and association with disease progression
Authors: Bütikofer Simon , Jordan Suzana , Sauter Matthias , Hollenstein Michael , Heinrich Henriette , Freitas‐Queiroz Natália , Kuntzen Thomas , Ang Daphne , Oberacher Marcos , Maurer Britta , Schwizer Werner , Fox Mark , Distler Oliver , Misselwitz Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed whether high‐resolution manometry (HRM) with a test meal can detect clinically relevant, abnormal motility already in very early systemic sclerosis (SSc) and whether this finding is associated with subsequent disease progression.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruited 68 consecutive SSc patients (group #1: 32 established disease (ACR, American College of Rheumatology /EULAR, The European League against Rheumatism 2013 and ACR 1980 criteria fulfilled); group #2: 24 early disease (only ACR/EULAR 2013 fulfilled); group #3: 12 very early disease (clinical expert diagnosis of SSc) and 72 healthy controls. HRM evaluated esophageal motility for water swallows and a solid test meal.ResultsSystemic sclerosis patients had less frequent effective esophageal contractions during the test meal compared to healthy controls even in very early disease (0.15, 1.0, 2.1 per minute for groups #1, #2, and #3, vs 2.5 per minute in health; P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.0085, respectively). Ineffective motility at HRM was associated with a higher modified Rodnan skin score at baseline. Moreover, at mean 18 (10‐31) months of follow‐up, the presence of ineffective motility at baseline was associated with progression of skin disease (P = 0.01). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis identified hypotensive peristalsis in the test meal (<15% effective solid swallows) and low distal contractile integral (DCI; <400 mm Hg·cm·s) as predictors for skin aggravation, but not for new organ involvement.ConclusionIneffective motility during a test meal is present already in patients with very early SSc. Findings on HRM studies are associated with disease severity at baseline, and low percentage of effective swallows in test meal and low mean DCI are both predictors of skin progression during follow‐up.
A PAX3/BRN2 rheostat controls the dynamics of BRAF mediated MITF regulation in MITFhigh/AXLlow melanoma
Authors: Smith Michael P. , Rana Sareena , Ferguson Jennifer , Rowling Emily J. , Flaherty Keith T. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Marais Richard , Wellbrock Claudia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe BRAF kinase and the MAPK pathway are targets of current melanoma therapies. However, MAPK pathway inhibition results in dynamic changes of downstream targets that can counteract inhibitor‐action not only in during treatment, but also in acquired resistant tumours. One such dynamic change involves the expression of the transcription factor MITF, a crucial regulator of cell survival and proliferation in untreated as well as drug‐addicted acquired resistant melanoma. Tight control over MITF expression levels is required for optimal melanoma growth, and while it is well established that the MAPK pathway regulates MITF expression, the actual mechanism is insufficiently understood. We reveal here, how BRAF through action on the transcription factors BRN2 and PAX3 executes control over the regulation of MITF expression in a manner that allows for considerable plasticity. This plasticity provides robustness to the BRAF mediated MITF regulation and explains the dynamics in MITF expression that are observed in patients in response to MAPK inhibitor therapy.
A comparative study: visual rating scores and the voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease on magnetic resonance imaging among subjects with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal cognition
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Takechi Hajime , Saito Ryuji , Ayaki Takashi , Kokuryu Atsuko , Kuzuya Akira , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: October 2018

AimHippocampal atrophy shown on magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from subjects with normal cognition (NC). Simplified automated methods that use volumetric analysis, such as as the voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for AD, have become widely used in Japan. However, the diagnostic value of the voxel‐based specific regional analysis system compared with visual rating scores for clinical diagnosis is unclear.MethodsStudy participants consisted of 37 AD patients, 29 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and 21 NC subjects. All participants underwent neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging was scored visually for regional brain atrophy by two raters based on a newly developed visual rating score. The voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for AD scores were calculated with the analysis system's advanced software. We analyzed whether these scores aid in discriminating among AD, MCI, and NC.ResultsThe AD group had significantly different visual rating scores, regional analysis scores, and all neuropsychological test scores than the NC group. The AD group had significantly different visual rating scores than the MCI group, and a significant difference was observed between the MCI and NC groups on regional analysis scores. Both the visual rating and regional analysis scores showed equivalent correlations with the neuropsychological test scores.ConclusionsBoth the visual rating and regional analysis scores are clinically useful tools for differentiating among AD, MCI, and NC.
Terrorism Risk Assessment, Recollection Bias, and Public Support for Counterterrorism Policy and Spending
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Portney Kent E. , Mumpower Jeryl L. , Vedlitz Arnold 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecollection bias (RB) refers to the phenomenon whereby after an adverse event people report that their risk assessment about a similar future event is presently no higher than their recollection of their pre‐event risk assessment. While previous research has outlined this theoretical construct and generated important empirical findings, there were some limitations. We design and employ a new national representative survey to address these limitations in this study. We examine the existence and persistence of RB among the general public in the context of a number of domestic and international terrorist attacks. We further examine the socioeconomic and political base of RB and the influences of RB on a wide range of citizens’ counterterrorism policy preferences. Our data analyses reveal strong evidence showing the occurrence of RB and its persistence across various forms of terrorism risk. With regard to the socioeconomic and political base, we find that females, older people, political conservatives, and Republicans are less likely to be subject to RB. For the effects of RB on public counterterrorism policy preferences, our analyses demonstrate that this bias significantly dampens public support for a wide range of preventive policy measures and government anti‐terrorism spending. Overall, our study, based on a national representative sample and an extended survey design, provides robust evidence of RB in terrorism risk assessment, and adds further evidence to support the idea that RB is likely a generalizable phenomenon. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed in the conclusion.
Micro‐impacts of the Brazilian Regional Development Funds: Does lending size matter?
Authors: Oliveira Guilherme Resende , Resende Guilherme Mendes , Silva Diego Firmino Costa da , Gonçalves Caio Nogueira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper evaluates the micro‐impacts of regional development funds in Brazil—the Constitutional Financing Funds (CFF)—using fixed effects panel data models and generalized propensity score between 2000 and 2012. Assessing the industrial and commerce/services sectors using fixed effects models, the results provide weak evidence of a positive and statistically significant impact of the CFF on job creation and no statistically significant impact on labor productivity growth at the firm level. Regarding dose‐response estimates, the results present evidence of nonlinear effects after three years of financing, suggesting that the amount of subsidized credit plays an important role in creating jobs and improving firm productivity.
Long‐term effect of migration background on the development of physical fitness among primary school children
Authors: Ruedl Gerhard , Ewald Peter , Niedermeier Martin , Kirschner Werner , Kopp Martin , Drenowatz Clemens , Greier Klaus 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundChildren with a low socioeconomic status and migration background are more likely to exhibit unfavorable health behavior patterns and higher BMI scores as well as lower physical activity and physical fitness.AimTo evaluate the effect of migration background on the development of physical fitness among primary school children from first to third grade.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, height, weight, and physical fitness of primary school children from Tyrol/Austria were measured five times over a period of 2.5 years using the German motor performance test DMT 6‐18 consisting of eight items testing different subdomains of physical fitness.ResultsA total of 266 children (45% girls) participated in all five tests, of which 69 (26%) children reported to have a migration background (MB). Mixed‐model ANOVA did not reveal a significantly different development of physical fitness (according to the mean total Z‐score of DMT 6‐18) over time, P = 0.883, partial ƞ2 < 0.01. However, children with MB showed significantly lower physical fitness compared to children without MB, P < 0.001, partial ƞ2 = 0.06. Controlling for BMI and age did not alter the interpretation of the results. Analyses of the single test items revealed significant differences in motor tests involving strength and endurance.ConclusionPrimary school children with and without MB significantly increased their physical fitness over time in a comparable manner. However, children with MB showed a significantly lower physical fitness at all test time points, which was only partly explained by a higher mean BMI in children with MB. Children with MB outreached the mean baseline fitness level of children without MB not until the fourth test time point, that is after two years. Therefore, a special focus on physical fitness particularly including strength and endurance capacities should be directed to children with MB already in young ages.
Anemia in hospitalized patients: an overlooked risk in medical care
Authors: Krishnasivam Deepan , Trentino Kevin M. , Burrows Sally , Farmer Shannon L. , Picardo Sherman , Leahy Michael F. , Halder Abir , Chamberlain Jenny , Swain Stuart , Muthucumarana Kalindu , Waterer Grant 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThis study investigated the association between nadir anemia and mortality and length of stay (LOS) in a general population of hospitalized patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective cohort study of tertiary hospital admissions in Western Australia between July 2010 and June 2015. Outcome measures were in‐hospital mortality and LOS.RESULTSOf 80,765 inpatients, 45,675 (56.55%) had anemia during admission. Mild and moderate/severe anemia were independently associated with increased in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36‐1.86, p = 0.001; OR 2.77, 95% CI 2.32‐3.30, p < 0.001, respectively). Anemia was also associated with increased LOS, demonstrating a larger effect in emergency (mild anemia—incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.52, 95% CI 1.48‐1.56, p < 0.001; moderate/severe anemia—IRR 2.18, 95% CI 2.11‐2.26, p < 0.001) compared to elective admissions (mild anemia—IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.21‐1.41, p < 0.001; moderate/severe anemia—IRR 1.69, 95% CI 1.55‐1.83, p < 0.001). LOS was longer in patients who developed anemia during admission compared to those who had anemia on admission (IRR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10‐1.17, p < 0.001). Red cell transfusion was independently associated with 2.23 times higher odds of in‐hospital mortality (95% CI 1.89‐2.64, p < 0.001) and 1.31 times longer LOS (95% CI 1.25‐1.37, p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONMore than one‐third of patients not anemic on admission developed anemia during admission. Even mild anemia is independently associated with increased mortality and LOS; however, transfusion to treat anemia is an independent and additive risk factor.
Glycated hemoglobin concentrations of red blood cells minimally increase during storage under standard blood banking conditions
Authors: Prosenz Julian , Öhlinger Thomas , Müllner Ernst W. , Marculescu Rodrig , Gerner Christopher , Salzer Ulrich , Kiefer Florian W. , Baron David M. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDFew and inconsistent data exist describing the effect of storage duration on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations of red blood cells (RBCs), impeding interpretation of HbA1c values in transfused diabetic patients. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent HbA1c concentrations of RBCs change during the maximum allowed storage period of 42 days.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBlood was drawn from 16 volunteers, leukofiltered, and stored under standard blood banking conditions. HbA1c concentrations of RBCs were measured on Days 1 and 42 of storage using three different validated devices (ion‐exchange high‐performance liquid chromatography Method A1 and A2, turbidimetric immunoassay Method B).RESULTSMean HbA1c concentrations of RBCs on Day 1 were 5.3 ± 0.3% (Method A1), 5.4 ± 0.4% (Method A2), and 5.1 ± 0.4% (Method B). HbA1c concentrations increased to 5.6 ± 0.3% (A1, p < 0.0001), 5.7 ± 0.3% (A2, p = 0.004), and 5.5 ± 0.4% (B, p < 0.0001) on Day 42, respectively, corresponding to a 1.06‐fold increase across all methods. Glucose concentrations in the storage solution of RBCs decreased from 495 ± 27 to 225 ± 55 mg/dL (p < 0.0001), confirming that stored RBCs were metabolically active.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest a significant, albeit minor, and most likely clinically insignificant increase in HbA1c concentrations during storage of RBCs for 42 days.