bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Researching the history of marginalized issues in management research
Authors: Choudhury Kaul Sanjukta , Sandhu Manjit Singh , Alam Quamrul 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe design and implementation of an interpretive framework to study historically marginalized issues in management is a distinct area of research. This paper aims to propose a multi-method interpretive framework, integrating a historiographical approach and an archival investigation, and use the case of business responses to disability in colonial and post-independence India to elucidate the proposed framework.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides a summary of a proposed framework for the historical study of marginalized social issues using an interpretive paradigm. It also outlines the advantages and limitations of the proposed framework.FindingsThis paper makes a methodological contribution in multi-method interpretive research design for the historical study of socially constructed issues, neglected because of deep prejudice and social exclusion, that offer complex challenges for modern businesses seeking inclusive workplace strategies.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a research framework that contextualizes social issues in history (historiographical study) and cases of business responses to these issues (archival study) for the examination of historically marginalized issues in the business–society relationship.
Money, Millennials and Human Rights: Sustaining ‘Sustainable Investing’
Authors: Ruggie John Gerard , Middleton Emily K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe first part of this paper examines the rise and current state of environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing. The second addresses the conceptual and statistical weakness of the S domain. The third describes how drawing on internationally recognized human rights standards can strengthen the S and thereby improve the robustness and comparability of ESG aggregations. This should interest investors, issuers, and human rights advocates alike.
Progesterone modulates the T‐cell response via glucocorticoid receptor‐dependent pathways
Authors: Hierweger Alexandra Maximiliane , Engler Jan Broder , Friese Manuel A. , Reichardt Holger M. , Lydon John , DeMayo Francesco , Mittrücker Hans‐Willi , Arck Petra Clara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProblemSteroid hormones such as progesterone and glucocorticoids rise during pregnancy and are accountable for the adaptation of the maternal immune system to pregnancy. How steroid hormones induce fetal tolerance is not fully understood. We hypothesized that steroid hormones selectively regulate the T‐cell response by promoting T‐cell death.Method of studyWe incubated murine spleen cells isolated from non‐pregnant and pregnant mice with physiological concentrations of steroid hormones in vitro and analyzed T‐cell subsets after 48 h of incubation.ResultsWe found that progesterone and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induce T‐cell death. CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells were refractory toward progesterone‐induced cell death, in contrast to conventional CD4+ T cells, which resulted in a preferential enrichment of CD4+ Tregcells in culture. T cells isolated from pregnant mice at early and late gestation showed comparable sensitivity to steroid‐induced cell death. The target receptor for progesterone in immune cells is controversially discussed. We provide here support of progesterone binding to the glucocorticoid receptor as only T cells lacking the glucocorticoid but not the progesterone receptor showed resistance against progesterone‐induced death.ConclusionsOur results indicate that high levels of progesterone during pregnancy can induce selective T‐cell death by binding the glucocorticoid receptor. Although physiological hormone concentrations were used, due to different bioavailability of steroid hormones in vivo these results have to be validated in an in vivo model. This mechanism might ensure immunological tolerance at the feto‐maternal interface at gestation.
Pre‐operative optimisation of the surgical patient with diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes: a practical review
Authors: Levy N. , Dhatariya K. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPeri‐operative hyperglycaemia, whether the cause is known diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes or stress hyperglycaemia, is a risk factor for harm, increased length of stay and death. There is increasing evidence that peri‐operative hyperglycaemia is a modifiable risk factor, and many of the interventions required to improve the outcome of surgery must be instituted before the actual surgical admission. These interventions depend on communication and collaboration within the multidisciplinary team along each stage of the patient journey to ensure that integration of care occurs across the whole of the patient‐centred care pathway.
Peri‐operative care pathways: re‐engineering care to achieve the ‘triple aim’
Authors: Grocott M. P. W. , Edwards M. , Mythen M. G. , Aronson S. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryElective surgical pathways offer a particular opportunity to plan radical change in the way care is delivered, based on patient need rather than provider convenience. Peri‐operative pathway redesign enables improved patient experience of care (including quality and satisfaction), population/public health, and healthcare value (outcome per unit of currency). Among physicians with the skills to work within peri‐operative medicine, anaesthetists are well positioned to lead the re‐engineering of such pathways. Re‐engineered pre‐operative pathways open up opportunities for intervention before surgery including shared decision‐making, comorbidity management and collaborative behavioural change. Individualised, risk‐adapted, intra‐operative interventions will drive more reliable and consistent care. Risk‐adapted postoperative care, particularly around transitions of care, has a significant role in improving value through peri‐operative medicine. Improved integration with primary care providers offers the potential for minimising errors around transitions of care before and after surgery, as well as maximising opportunities for population health interventions, including lifestyle modification (e.g. activity/exercise, smoking and/or alcohol cessation), pain management and sleep medicine. Systematic data collection focused on quality improvement is essential to drive continuous clinical improvement and will be enabled by technological development in predictive analytics, systems modelling and artificial intelligence.
The relationship between the cortisol awakening response and cortisol reactivity to a laboratory stressor
Authors: Dienes Kimberly , Gartland Nicola , Ferguson Eamonn 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe cortisol awakening response (CAR) and cortisol reactivity to an acute laboratory stressor both involve steep increases in cortisol secretion and are associated with preparing the body to deal with stressors ahead. Alterations in both have been linked to negative clinical and health outcomes. However, these two aspects of our biological stress response have rarely been directly compared, and the extant research focuses on state, rather than trait CAR. Given the similar roles of the CAR and cortisol reactivity, and their relationships to psychopathology, it is important to understand whether trait CAR and cortisol reactivity to acute stressors are related and whether a blunted CAR may be predictive of blunted cortisol reactivity across an acute laboratory stress task.DesignCross‐sectional. Participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) the week after daily assessment of the CAR.MethodsSalivary cortisol secretion across the TSST was compared to the CAR, sampled across five weekdays at waking (S1) and 30 min past waking, for 54 female participants.ResultsA smaller CAR, lower peak cortisol, and blunted CAR increase were all significantly related to a steep rise and flattened slope of recovery in cortisol secretion following the TSST. Additionally, lower S1 was predictive of a blunted rise in cortisol secretion from baseline to immediately post‐task.ConclusionThere was a significant relationship between trait CAR and cortisol secretion across the TSST. The results provided mixed support for hypotheses. A blunted CAR was associated with impaired recovery in cortisol secretion following the TSST, but, surprisingly, a rapid rise in cortisol peaking immediately following the stress task.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The CAR and cortisol reactivity to an acute laboratory stress task both are thought to marshal the body's resources to deal with stress.

Both the CAR and cortisol reactivity have been related to psychosocial states and clinical and health outcomes in past research.

State CAR has been linked to cortisol reactivity to stressors, and a greater CAR is thought to help an individual deal with stressors in the day ahead.

What does this study add?

The current study predicts trait CAR sampled across multiple days from the rise and recovery in cortisol secretion across an acute stress test.

Comparison of trait CAR and cortisol reactivity may clarify both their relationship to each other and to clinical and health outcomes.
Systematic planning can rapidly close the protection gap in Australian mammal havens
Authors: Ringma Jeremy , Legge Sarah , Woinarski John C.Z. , Radford James Q. , Wintle Brendan , Bentley Joss , Burbidge Andrew A. , Copley Peter , Dexter Nicholas , Dickman Chris R. , Gillespie Graeme R. , Hill Brydie , Johnson Chris N. , Kanowski John , Letnic Mike , Manning Adrian , Menkhorst Peter , Mitchell Nicola , Morris Keith , Moseby Katherine , Page Manda , Palmer Russell , Bode Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the last 30 years, islands and fenced exclosures free of introduced predators (collectively, havens) have become an increasingly used option for protecting Australian mammals imperiled by predation by introduced cats (Felis catus) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes). However, Australia's network of havens is not expanding in a manner that maximizes representation of all predator‐susceptible taxa, because of continued emphasis on already‐represented taxa. Future additions to the haven network will improve representation of mammals most efficiently if they fill gaps in under‐represented predator‐susceptible taxa, particularly rodents. A systematic approach to expansion could protect at least one population of every Australian predator‐susceptible threatened mammal taxon by the addition of 12 new havens to the current network. Were the current haven network to be doubled in number in a systematic manner, it could protect three populations of every Australian predator‐susceptible threatened mammal taxon.
Aortic‐flow propagation velocity is associated with proteinuria and left ventricular hypertrophy in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients
Authors: Tosun Veysel , Güntekin Ünal , Şimşek Hakkı , Kandemir Yasemin B. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveSubclinical target organ damage (TOD) is an important long‐term complication of hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular events and death. Aortic‐flow propagation velocity (APV) is one of the arterial stiffness parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of APV on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and proteinuria.MethodsA total of 149 newly diagnosed HT patients were included in the study. Urine samples and blood tests were obtained from each patient for diagnosis of proteinuria. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination. All patients’ APV measurements, carotid intima‐media thicknesses (CIMT), and ankle‐brachial indexes (ABI) were measured and recorded.ResultsThe LVH (+) group consisted of 47 patients, and the LVH (−) group consisted of 102 patients. The proteinuria (+) group consisted of 32 patients, and the proteinuria (−) group consisted of 117 patients. Average CIMT was significantly higher in both proteinuria (+) and LVH (+) groups compared with the (−) groups. ABI and APV were significantly lower in both proteinuria (+) and LVH (+) groups compared with the (−) groups. APV was negatively correlated with LVH, proteinuria, and CIMT and positively correlated with ABI. In the multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, APV was the significant independent predictor of proteinuria. Additionally, APV and ABI were found to be independent predictors of LVH or/and proteinuria.ConclusionHypertensive patients who had TOD had worse consequences of APV, CIMT, and ABI. APV had a powerful predictive value to identify the patients with higher risk of TOD among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients.
The contribution of myostatin (MSTN) and additional modifying genetic loci to race distance aptitude in Thoroughbred horses racing in different geographic regions
Authors: Hill E. W. , McGivney B. A. , Rooney M. F. , Katz L. M. , Parnell A. , MacHugh D. E. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundRace distance aptitude in Thoroughbred horses is highly heritable and is influenced largely by variation at the myostatin gene (MSTN).ObjectivesIn addition to MSTN, we hypothesised that other modifying loci contribute to best race distance.Study designUsing 3006 Thoroughbreds, including 835 ‘elite’ horses, which were >3 years old, had race records and were sampled from Europe/Middle‐East, Australia/New Zealand, North America and South Africa, we performed genome‐wide association (GWA) tests and separately developed a genomic prediction algorithm to comprehensively catalogue additive genetic variation contributing to best race distance.Methods48,896 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were generated from high‐density SNP genotyping arrays. Heritability estimates, tests of GWA and genomic prediction models were derived for the phenotypes: average race distance, best race distance for elite, nonelite and all winning horses.ResultsHeritability estimates were high ( = 0.51, best race distance – elite; = 0.42, best race distance – nonelite; = 0.40, best race distance – all) and most of the variation was attributed to the MSTN gene. MSTN locus SNPs were the most strongly associated with the trait and included BIEC2‐438999 (ECA18:66913090; P = 4.51 × 10−110, average race distance; P = 2.33 × 10−42, best race distance – elite). The genomic prediction algorithm enabled the inclusion of variation from all SNPs in a model that partitioned horses into short and long cohorts following assignment of MSTN genotype. Additional genes with minor contributions to best race distance were identified.Main limitationsThe nongenetic influence of owner/trainer decisions on placement of horses in suitable races could not be controlled.ConclusionsMSTN is the single most important genetic contributor to best race distance in the Thoroughbred. Employment of genetic prediction models will lead to more accurate placing of horses in races that are best suited to their inherited genetic potential for distance aptitude.
Spatial heterogeneity and short‐term oxygen dynamics in the rhizosphere of Vallisneria spiralis: Implications for nutrient cycling
Authors: Marzocchi Ugo , Benelli Sara , Larsen Morten , Bartoli Marco , Glud Ronnie N. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aquatic macrophytes modify the sediment biogeochemistry via radial oxygen loss (ROL) from their roots. However, the variation in ROL and its implication for nutrient availability remains poorly explored.

Here, we use planar O2 optodes to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of oxic niches within the rhizosphere of Vallisneria spiralis and their alteration following variable light and ambient O2 levels. The effect of ROL on NH4+ and PO43− distribution in the rhizosphere was evaluated by a combination of 15N isotopic techniques, 2D sampling, and electron microscopy.

A single specimen of V. spiralis could maintain an oxidised sediment volume of 41–47 cm3 and 10–27 cm3 in the rhizosphere at 100% and 38% dissolved oxygen saturation in the overlying water, respectively. Whatever the environmental conditions, the ROL was, however, very heterogeneous and dependent on root age and architecture of the root system.

ROL stimulated the coupling between denitrification and nitrification in the sediment both under dark (+25 μmol N‐N2 m−2 hr−1) and light (+70 μmol N‐N2 m−2 hr−1) conditions. This, in combination with plant uptake, contributed to intense removal of NH4+ from the pore water. Similarly, PO43− was highly depleted in the rhizosphere. The detection of Fe‐P plaques on the roots surface indicated substantial entrapment of P as a consequence of ROL.

The extensive spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of oxic and anoxic conditions ensured that aerobic and anaerobic processes co‐occurred in the rhizosphere and this presumably reduced potential nutrient limitation while maximising plant fitness in an otherwise hostile reduced environment.
Development of new methodologies for the chromogenic estimation of betrixaban concentrations in plasma
Authors: Siriez Romain , Evrard Jonathan , Dogné Jean‐Michel , Pochet Lionel , Bouvy Céline , Lessire Sarah , Mullier François , Douxfils Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionChromogenic anti‐Xa assays are the most appropriate tests to estimate the amount of betrixaban in plasma but the sensitivity of available tests is limited and improvements are needed to encompass the on‐therapy range.MethodsBetrixaban was spiked at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 ng/mL in plasma from healthy donors. Three commercial tests were used (Biophen®DiXaI®, STA®Liquid Anti‐Xa, and HemosIL®Liquid Anti‐Xa), and adaptation of their sample dilution scheme was performed. These new methodologies were also tested on plasma spiked with amounts of unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), or fondaparinux covering the on‐therapy ranges to evaluate their sensitivity to indirect factor Xa inhibitors.ResultsResults showed concentration‐dependent decreases in OD/min inversely proportional to the dilutions. While modifications improve the sensitivity of these tests to betrixaban (eg, ½*OD/min of 502 ng/mL [95% CI: 495‐508 ng/mL] for Biophen®DiXaI® [1:50] is reduced to 51 ng/mL [95% CI: 50‐52 ng/mL] for improved Biophen®DiXaI® [1:5]), results also showed an increased sensitivity to indirect factor Xa inhibitors, except for Biophen®DiXaI® which remains insensitive to UFH and LMWH.ConclusionsResults showed that the improvement of current chromogenic anti‐Xa methodologies enhances the sensitivity of these assays to betrixaban but also to indirect factor Xa inhibitors. This lack of specificity may lead to overestimation of betrixaban concentrations in patients bridged with heparins. To avoid this cross‐interference, the use of the Biophen®DiXaI® may be a solution except for fondaparinux which remains active even in the presence of the Biophen®DiXaI®’s specific buffer. For the other chromogenic assays, the conception and validation of specific buffer is required.
How much self‐presentation behavior do applicants from the United Arab Emirates exhibit?
Authors: Husain Zafar , Dayan Mumin , Pathak Raghuvar Dutt , Langer Markus , König Cornelius J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractApplicants from different cultures vary in their self‐presentation behavior during job interviews. This study investigates self‐presentation behavior in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the second largest economy in the Arab world. Specifically, it examines self‐presentation behavior of applicants from the UAE and compares it to the behavior of American, European, and Chinese applicants from previous studies. The randomized response technique was used to gather self‐presentation prevalence data of 111 UAE applicants regarding self‐presentation behavior in their last job interview. Prevalence rates were lower than those from the United States and from China but higher than those from Iceland and from Switzerland. Results indicate that though UAE culture values modesty, UAE applicants still engage in distinct self‐presentation behavior.
Bridging the Institutional Gaps: International Education as a Migration Industry
Authors: Liu‐Farrer Gracia , Tran An Huy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines the education‐migration industry that has channelled students from China and Viet Nam into Japan over the past three decades and discusses the conditions for the emergence of such an industry, the major actors and the reasons for their changing roles and practices. It argues that the education‐migration industry in Japan emerged because of the discrepant institutional logics. Japan's reluctance to open the door for labour import, despite its acute labour shortage, has turned international education into a sanctioned channel of labour migration and thereby created opportunities for international education to become a thriving migration industry. As long as this institutional gap remains, government regulations will only create new sources of power and profits for brokers who can navigate complex regulations and employ illicit means to satisfy the legal requirements. The education‐migration industry is therefore a derivative of Japan's immigration regime and actively interacts with government policies.
All Things in Moderation? Threshold Effects in Adolescent Extracurricular Participation Intensity and Behavioral Problems
Authors: Matjasko Jennifer L. , Holland Kristin M. , Holt Melissa K. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Koenig Brian W. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based extracurricular activity participation is one of the primary avenues for prosocial activity engagement during adolescence. In this study, we test the “overscheduling hypothesis” or whether the negative relationship between structured activity intensity (ie, hours) and adolescent bullying and fighting levels off or declines at moderate to high intensity (ie, threshold effects).METHODSThis study uses the Dane County Youth Survey (N = 14,124) to investigate the relationship between school‐based extracurricular activity participation intensity and bullying perpetration and physical fighting and whether there are threshold effects of activity participation intensity.RESULTSThe results indicate that there is a negative relationship between extracurricular activity participation intensity and bullying perpetration and physical fighting and that there are threshold effects in these relationships at 3 to 4 hours per week. Results also suggest that low‐income adolescents engage in more fighting than other youth and the negative relationship between activity participation intensity and physical fighting was mainly concentrated among low‐income adolescents.CONCLUSIONSSchool‐based extracurricular activity participation—in moderation (ie, up to 3‐4 hours per week)—may provide a positive, supportive context that could be a promising prevention strategy for bullying and fighting. Implications for future research on how school‐based extracurricular activity participation intensity benefits adolescent functioning are discussed.