bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Predictive Modeling to Plan for Special Event Medical Care During Mass Gathering Events
Authors: Allgaier Rachel L. , Shaafi-Kabiri Nina , Romney Carla A. , Wallis Lee A. , Burke John Joseph , Bhangu Jaspreet , Thomas Kevin C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:In 2010, South Africa (SA) hosted the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup (soccer). Emergency Medical Services (EMS) used the SA mass gathering medicine (MGM) resource model to predict resource allocation. This study analyzed data from the World Cup and compared them with the resource allocation predicted by the SA mass gathering model.Methods:Prospectively, data were collected from patient contacts at 9 venues across the Western Cape province of South Africa. Required resources were based on the number of patients seeking basic life support (BLS), intermediate life support (ILS), and advanced life support (ALS). Overall patient presentation rates (PPRs) and transport to hospital rates (TTHRs) were also calculated.Results:BLS services were required for 78.4% (n = 1279) of patients and were consistently overestimated using the SA mass gathering model. ILS services were required for 14.0% (n = 228), and ALS services were required for 3.1% (n = 51) of patients. Both ILS and ALS services, and TTHR were underestimated at smaller venues.Conclusions:The MGM predictive model overestimated BLS requirements and inconsistently predicted ILS and ALS requirements. MGM resource models, which are heavily based on predicted attendance levels, have inherent limitations, which may be improved by using research-based outcomes.
THE FLUTED FRAGMENT REVISITED
Authors: PRATT-HARTMANN IAN , SZWAST WIESŁAW , TENDERA LIDIA 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe study the fluted fragment, a decidable fragment of first-order logic with an unbounded number of variables, motivated by the work of W. V. Quine. We show that the satisfiability problem for this fragment has nonelementary complexity, thus refuting an earlier published claim by W. C. Purdy that it is in NExpTime. More precisely, we consider ${\cal F}{{\cal L}^m}$, the intersection of the fluted fragment and the m-variable fragment of first-order logic, for all $m \ge 1$. We show that, for $m \ge 2$, this subfragment forces $\left\lfloor {m/2} \right\rfloor$-tuply exponentially large models, and that its satisfiability problem is $\left\lfloor {m/2} \right\rfloor$-NExpTime-hard. We further establish that, for $m \ge 3$, any satisfiable ${\cal F}{{\cal L}^m}$-formula has a model of at most ($m - 2$)-tuply exponential size, whence the satisfiability (= finite satisfiability) problem for this fragment is in ($m - 2$)-NExpTime. Together with other, known, complexity results, this provides tight complexity bounds for ${\cal F}{{\cal L}^m}$ for all $m \le 4$.
Annually Verified Growth of Cedrela Fissilis from Central Brazil
Authors: Hammerschlag Izabela , Macario Kita D , Barbosa Ana Carolina , Pereira Gabriel de Assis , Farrapo Camila Laís , Cruz Francisco 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTGiven the difficulty in obtaining robust chronologies from tree rings in tropical regions, the search for appropriate species is very important. Both dendrochronology and radiocarbon (14C) measurements are required to validate the use of any specific tree. Some species have proved to be reliable for representing atmospheric 14C concentration over time, such as Cedrela fissilis and Araucaria angustifolia. However, not only the species have to be validated, but also different climatic conditions may result in different growth patterns for the same species. In this work, we study the annual growth rings of Cedrela fissilis from a dry tropical forest patch typical of a highly seasonal climate in central Brazil. 14C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was used to compare the isotopic ratios of tree rings with the 14C concentrations in the atmosphere during the nuclear tests based on curve Bomb13SH 1-2. Results are similar to the bomb peak curve within the period from 1958 to 1980 AD and serve as a crucial test for the cross-dating analyses using the skeleton plot technique.
A Preliminary ion Source Background Study at Lalonde AMS
Authors: Zhao X-L , Crann C A , Murseli S , St-Jean G , Kieser W E , Wilk M , Cornett R J , Clark I D 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObservation of the ion source generated background has been an area of focus during our routine analytical work. It is noted that the results of very-low-ratio samples are dependent upon the particular procedures for measurement using the present-day Cs+ sputter ion sources. When measured without excessive Cs+ fluxes and without interleafing with other higher-ratio samples and references, the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) sensitivity can be somewhat improved. In some cases, it appears possible to assess old radiocarbon (14C) samples to beyond the long-standing 60 kyr limit. A number of observational studies are made for the sole purpose of minimizing the final contamination to the rare isotopes that is generated within the ion source.
New Observations of the Time Alignment of Pulse Profiles at High and Low Frequencies
Authors: Izvekova V. A. , Kuz'min A. D. , Malofeev V. M. , Sieber W. , Jessner A. , Wielebinski R. 
Published: June 2019

Exact timing measurements allow a determination of the phase shift between observations of a pulsar at different frequencies. It has become clear from these observations that a simple dipole magnetic field configuration can not explain the time lag observed for many pulsars between profiles at high frequencies (Kuz'min et al. 1986).There are cases which might better be explained by a combination of dipole and quadrupole field components (Davies et al. 1984). We report in this paper on new pulsar time alignment observations of a number of pulsars at high and low frequencies which support the general picture outlined above.
On the Angles Between the Magnetic and Rotation Axes
Authors: I. F. Malov  
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeveral methods for evaluating the angle β between the magnetic moment and rotation axis of a pulsar are considered. Averaged values of this angle, estimated by different methods for 61 pulsars, decrease as the characteristic age increases. Many pulsars have small angles = 23°) and large ages ((log т) = 7.0), so the alignment of the magnetic and rotation axes must take place during the evolution of pulsars.
Collective Electron-Positron Annihilation
Authors: Belyanin A. A. , Kocharovskii V. V. , Kocharovskii Vl. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of collective spontaneous annihilation of a magnetized electron-positron plasma is predicted. Like the superradiance in systems with discrete energy spectra, collective annihilation leads to the generation of powerful coherent radiation with the rate of this process considerably exceeding the spontaneous annihilation and collisional relaxation rates.
Linear Acceleration Emission: A Detailed Analysis
Authors: Rowe E. T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn exact expression is given for the orbit of a charged particle accelerated by a non-propagating electrostatic wave. The corresponding current is obtained, for untrapped particles, as an expansion in Bessel functions, and a Lorentz transform allows us to treat the case of a propagating wave. An appropriate form for the absorption coefficient is derived, and an interesting angular and frequency dependence is revealed when the propagating wave is superluminal. Finally, the possible application to pulsars, particularly in explaining the multicomponent pulse profiles, is discussed briefly.
Detecting UV Radiation from Nearby Pulsars with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Pavlov George G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEven old (106 to 107 yr) pulsars within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun should give UV and optical fluxes via thermal radiation or radiation from relativistic particles. The surface temperature of a neutron star depends on its mass, radius, magnetic field, and internal composition (existence of pion condensate, superfluidity of nuclÃ©ons, etc.). If the temperature exceeds ~2x104 K, the thermal radiation can be detected by the Hubble Space Telescope. An analysis of the results will allow one to study the thermal evolution and inner structure of neutron stars in order to obtain additional constraints on pulsar models.
Shall we Observe a Radio Binary Pulsar in SN 1987A?
Authors: G. J. Qiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn induced-collapse model [hereafter IC model; He et al. (1990)] can overcome the problems of the single star model of SN1987A. According to the IC model, there is a possibility that the SN1987A remnant will be a binary system with two neutron stars, one of them (SK-69 202) will have a strong magnetic field and a high surface temperature which favors detection as an X-ray or γ-ray pulsar. If the surface temperature of the neutron star cools down to T = 107 K, a radio binary pulsar is expected. There is also the possibility that an X-ray or γ-ray pulsar will be observed first, and only later will a radio pulsar will be detected.A newly formed neutron star is thought to have a short (millisecond) period. In this case, the core emission beam is then very large (Qiao 1992) and is thus very likely to swing in the direction of the Earth.
General Relativistic Electrodynamics of the Magnetic Polar Regions of Neutron Stars
Authors: Muslimov A. G. , Tsygan A. I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe induction of the electric fields near a rotating neutron star is considered within the framework of General Relativity. It is demonstrated that within the open magnetic field region, filled by relativistically moving charged particles, a sufficiently strong component of the electric field is generated. This component is due to the effect of dragging of inertial frames of reference and predominates in the case when a neutron star is not exactly an orthogonal rotator. Finally, we discuss some implications of our results on the theory of radio pulsars.
Four Pulsars with New Faces
Authors: Nowakowski Leszek A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents results on four radio pulsars observed at Arecibo. Three pulsars have been discovered as new mode switching pulsars. In two of them the switching effect is correlated with a dramatic change of the amplitude of the core component, suggesting that the change occurs not only in the location of the emission region, but also in the efficiency of the emission mechanism. In another pulsar evidence is presented for the existence of a third (possibly a core) component which is hidden between the two conal components of the average profile. Previously unknown drifting subpulses and at least two new components have been found in one of the three mode switching pulsars.
Resolution of the PSR 1919+21 Magnetosphere Emitting Region
Authors: Kuz'min O. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegular structure with 10 to 50kHz-scale was detected in the radio scintillation spectrum of PSR 1919+21. This regular structure may be a simple interferometric pattern formed by refractive multi-ray propagation between the pulsar and observer. It was found that the pulsar PSR 1919+21 radio emission scintillation spectrum phase changes significantly across the average profile. Within the refractive scattering scenario this phase-longitude dependence corresponds to a transversal shift of the magnetosphere emitting region of about 6 x 108 cm. The radio emission altitude is estimated to be near the light cylinder.
Deterministic Chaos in the Microstructure of Radio Pulses of PSR 0809+74
Authors: Zhuravlev V. I. , Popov M. V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract480 single pulses from PSR 0809+74, recorded at 102.5 MHz with a time resolution of 10μs, have been analyzed by the time delay technique in order to look for the parameters of deterministic chaos in the microstructure of radio pulses. The correlation dimension n was shown to be less than 5 in more than 20% of the analyzed pulses. This means that on such occasions the microstructure of pulsar radio emission with the time scales 10 to 100μs may be determined by the behavior of a nonlinear dynamical system with comparatively small numbers of independent parameters. For example, the observed low dimensional chaos may result from a turbulence process associated with the outflow of plasma—as in versions of the polar cap model where microstructure can be interpreted as reflecting the spatial structure of relativistic plasma outflow in the radio emission region.However, the correlation-time distribution demonstrates the tendency for microstructure to consist of a random sequence of unresolved micropulses in the majority of cases, which means in the framework of polar cap models the presence of well developed turbulence in the relativistic plasma outflow.
CONVEXITY OF PARAMETER EXTENSIONS OF SOME RELATIVE OPERATOR ENTROPIES WITH A PERSPECTIVE APPROACH
Authors: NIKOUFAR ISMAIL 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce two notions of a relative operator (α, β)-entropy and a Tsallis relative operator (α, β)-entropy as two parameter extensions of the relative operator entropy and the Tsallis relative operator entropy. We apply a perspective approach to prove the joint convexity or concavity of these new notions, under certain conditions concerning α and β. Indeed, we give the parametric extensions, but in such a manner that they remain jointly convex or jointly concave.Significance Statement. What is novel here is that we convincingly demonstrate how our techniques can be used to give simple proofs for the old and new theorems for the functions that are relevant to quantum statistics. Our proof strategy shows that the joint convexity of the perspective of some functions plays a crucial role to give simple proofs for the joint convexity (resp. concavity) of some relative operator entropies.
Damis of Nineveh and Walter of Oxford: a Literary Parallel
Authors: Halliday W. R. 
Published: June 2019

When reading through Professor Phillimore's admirable preface to his translation of the Apollonios of Tyana of Philostratos, the discussion of the authenticity of the memoirs of Damis suggested to me a parallel in which literary history appears to have repeated herself. Although it possesses no intrinsic importance the coincidence is perhaps sufficiently a curiosity of literature to be worth recording. Philostratos' statement about the alleged memoirs is as follows (1,3):—‘There was one Damis, a man not without accomplishments, who at one time inhabited Old Nineveh. His studies drew him into intimacy with Apollonius, and he has left a written account of the Sage's travels (in which he claims to have shared), his maxims, his discourses, and his prophetic sayings. A person who was related to this Damis brought the originals of these memoirs, hitherto undiscovered, to the knowledge of the Empress Julia. And since I had a place in her majesty's circle (she was a great admirer and patroness of all literary studies), she laid on me the task of transcribing and editing these papers. It was her wish also that I should be responsible for the form of expression; for the Ninevite's language, though clear, was anything but a model of literary art.’
A Minoan shaft-grave on the slopes opposite the Temple Tomb (Knossos Survey 152)
Authors: Hood Sinclair 
Published: June 2019

The slopes of Ailias beyond the Kairatos stream to the east of the Minoan city have so far largely escaped the intensive vineyard cultivation that has swallowed so much of the land round Knossos. Isolated tombs and cemeteries (e.g. Knossos Survey 58, 95, 96) have been explored on these slopes due east and north of the Palace of Minos, but virtually nothing has yet been recorded from the area to the south. Minoan sherds on the surface of the fields opposite the Temple Tomb, however, suggest the possible existence of tombs in this area.In 1951 on the lower slopes here on land belonging to Evstratios Sarikis a hole was dug to plant an olive tree, leading to the removal of some large stones and disclosing a right-angled cut in the rock, which was noticed by the sharp and practised eye of Spiro Vasilakis. Two years later with the permission of Dr. Platon, Ephor of Antiquities for Crete, I cleared the cutting during the course of the School's excavations in the Middle Minoan cemetery higher on the slopes of Ailias to the north. The cutting, which was rectangular, measuring 1·90 × 1·40 at the bottom, and 1·20 deep from the surface of the rock at the highest point in the south-east corner, is perhaps best explained as a plundered Minoan shaft-grave, although no sign of a burial or of any grave goods was found in it. It was entirely filled below the level of the rock surface with large blocks of the local limestone, several of them worked, and including a slab which might have served as the covering for a shaft-grave, and a pyramid with a square socket in the top (A on the plan, Fig. I ), evidently the base for some ritual object like a double axe.
Four Roman portraits in the Piraeus Museum
Authors: Toynbee J. M. C. 
Published: June 2019

Among the local finds displayed in the Museum of Antiquities at the Piraeus are six Roman portraits, all of Pentelic marble and all unrestored. Two of them, a colossal head of Trajan (no. 270) and a colossal statue of Balbinus (no. 278), have already been fully edited. But according to the Director of the Piraeus Museum, Dr. Threpsiades, and to the best of the present writer's knowledge, of the other portraits two are still unpublished, two described without any illustration; and it is with Dr. Threpsiades' kind permission that all four are published here.I. No. E 4. Head of Claudius(Plate 67a–b)Total height: 48 cm.Height from crown of head to bottom of chin: 26 cm.Width across at greatest extent: 20 cm.Width from back to front at greatest extent: 24 cm.The sculpture depicts the head and neck, slightly over life-size, of an elderly man, in whom we can immediately recognize the Emperor Claudius. At the base of the neck is a rounded ‘tenon’, designed for insertion into a cavity between the shoulders of the now vanished body of a full-length statue. Claudius' face has sustained considerable damage. The nose has practically gone, only part of the side, and the hollow interior, of the right nostril remaining. The chin, lips, and right ear are bruised, the brow is marred by several abrasures, and the left ear is lost.
Representation versus Membership: The Chinese Precedent in the United Nations
Authors: Green L. C. 
Published: June 2019

In the communique issued in February 1972 after their meeting, President Nixon and Mr. Chou En-lai declared:The Chinese side reaffirmed its position:… the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal Government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland; the liberation of Taiwan is China's internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all United States forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan.The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of “one China, one Taiwan”, “one China, two governments”, “two Chinas” and “independent Taiwan”, or advocate that “the status of Taiwan remains to be determined”.
La première année de l’Organe de règlement des différends de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce
Authors: Marceau Gabrielle , Richer Alain 
Published: June 2019

SommaireLa première année de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) fut un grand succès. Les Membres de l’OMC ont notamment mis en place tout le nouveau système de notification préalable et de révision des législations nationales, et mis sur pied les nouveaux comités sur l’environnement, sur les arrangements régionaux et sur les pays les moins avancés. En plus d’assurer l’achèvement des activités GATT 1947 et la transition formelle en faveur de l’OMC, les Membres ont également procédé à la nomination des présidents de plusieurs comités et des “juges” du nouvel organe d’appel. L’élément peutêtre le plus impressionnant du départ de cette nouvelle organisation est la participation particulièrement active des pays en développement au nouveau système obligatoire de règlement des différends; la moitié des vingt-cinq requêtes pour consultation ont été initiées par ceux-d. Quel changement alors qu’entre 1948 et 1994, les pays en développement n’avaient initié que onze des 126 différends. En fait l’OMC a déclenché un nouveau processus pour lequel il n’y a pas de marche arrière possible.
Les divers sens du concept de “distorsion” et leur rôle dans la définition juridique actuelle d'une subvention compensable: Les normes internationales et l'exemple des États-Unis
Authors: Bénitah Marc 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe concept of “distortion” is at the heart of the legal criteria used to identify a countervailable subsidy. Legal construction of these criteria must rely on the different visions of the concept of “distortion,” which in a way are the “intentions” underlying the criteria. This article is an effort to provide the necessary links in this perspective.
Talisman Energy, Sudan, and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Carmody Chi 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn 1998, a Canadian oil company, Talisman Energy Incorporated of Calgary, acquired part interest in an oil concession in southern Sudan. In 1999, it began exporting oil from the region and paying royalties to the Sudanese government, some of which have been used to fund government forces engaged in a civil war against separatists in the south. The war has caused numerous human rights abuses. Talisman’s investment in Sudan therefore raises concerns about corporate operations in countries where there are serious and frequent human rights violations. What are Talisman and Canada’s obligations at this particular juncture — a point of fertile development in the field of international corporate social responsibility? This comment examines this question in light of recent events.
Les piliers économique et environnemental du développement durable: conciliation ou soutien mutuel? L’éclairage apporté par la Cour internationale de Justice dans l’Affaire des Usines de pâte à papier sur le fleuve Uruguay (Argentine c Uruguay)
Authors: de Lassus Saint-Geniès Géraud 
Published: June 2019

SommaireLa façon dont les divers acteurs de l’ordre juridique international ont appréhendé la relation entre les piliers économique et environnemental du développement durable témoigne d’une évolution: alors qu’une première interprétation estimait que cette relation se fondait sur la recherche d’une conciliation, une seconde interprétation a par la suite considéré qu’elle était au contraire caractérisée par l’existence d’un soutien mutuel. Si cette seconde conception, qui conduit à extraire du développement durable toute idée de tension entre l’environnement et l’économie, a connu une influence grandissante au cours des dernières années, la Cour internationale de Justice a réaffirmé dans l’ Affaire des Usines de pâte à papier sur le fleuve Uruguay son attachement à la première interprétation de la relation entre les piliers économique et environnemental. Il semble donc actuellement coexister en droit international deux lectures opposées du développement durable, l’une se fondant sur le paradigme de la conciliation, l’autre sur le paradigme du soutien mutuel.