bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web building and silk properties functionally covary among species of wolf spider
Authors: Lacava Mariángeles , Camargo Arley , Garcia Luis F. , Benamú Marco A. , Santana Martin , Fang Jian , Wang Xungai , Blamires Sean J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough phylogenetic studies have shown covariation between the properties of spider major ampullate (MA) silk and web building, both spider webs and silks are highly plastic so we cannot be sure whether these traits functionally covary or just vary across environments that the spiders occupy. As MaSp2‐like proteins provideMAsilk with greater extensibility, their presence is considered necessary for spider webs to effectively capture prey. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae) are predominantly non‐web building, but a select few species build webs. We accordingly collectedMAsilk from two web‐building and six non‐web‐building species found in semirural ecosystems in Uruguay to test whether the presence of MaSp2‐like proteins (indicated by amino acid composition, silk mechanical properties and silk nanostructures) was associated with web building across the group. The web‐building and non‐web‐building species were from disparate subfamilies so we estimated a genetic phylogeny to perform appropriate comparisons. For all of the properties measured, we found differences between web‐building and non‐web‐building species. A phylogenetic regression model confirmed that web building and not phylogenetic inertia influences silk properties. Our study definitively showed an ecological influence over spider silk properties. We expect that the presence of the MaSp2‐like proteins and the subsequent nanostructures improves the mechanical performance of silks within the webs. Our study furthers our understanding of spider web and silk co‐evolution and the ecological implications of spider silk properties.
Efficacy and safety of a new 5% minoxidil formulation in male androgenetic alopecia: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, noninferiority study
Authors: Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Issiakhem Zahida , Gautier Stephanie , Kottner Jan , Wigger‐Alberti Walter , Fischer Tobias , Hoffmann Rolf , Tonner Françoise , Bouroubi Athmane , Voisard Jean‐Jacques 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in men. Topical minoxidil solutions can help to treat AGA but have to be applied continuously to be effective.ObjectivesA new minoxidil formulation with improved cosmetic characteristics (DC0120, Pierre‐Fabre Dermatologie) was tested for noninferiority vs a comparator minoxidil product (ALOSTIL®, Johnson & Johnson) in stimulating hair growth in men with AGA.MethodsTwo 10 cm2 areas on the scalp of each subject were randomized to receive DC0120, the comparator, or one of their corresponding vehicles, applied twice per day for 16 weeks. Nonvellus target area hair count (TAHC) was measured within treatment areas at baseline (day 1) and after 8 and 16 weeks by digital phototrichogram.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty subjects were included and randomized, of which 210 completed the study. The mean change in nonvellus TAHC between baseline and week 16 was +22.0 hairs/cm2 (95% CI: 18.1; 25.9) in the DC0120 group and +20.5 hairs/cm2 (95% CI: 16.6; 24.4) in the comparator group. The adjusted mean difference in TAHC changes between the two treatments was +1.5 hairs/cm2 (95% CI −2.3; 5.2), with the lower 95% confidence interval above the noninferiority threshold of −7 hairs/cm2. This indicated that DC0120 was noninferior to the comparator. Both minoxidil treatments also increased nonvellus TAHC compared to vehicle groups at 8 and 16 weeks. No new safety signals were observed.ConclusionsDC0120 was as safe and effective as a similar marketed minoxidil product for stimulating hair growth in men with AGA.
Radiographic morphology of intrabony defects in the first molars of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis: Comparison with health and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Nibali L. , Tomlins P. , Akcalı A. 
Published: April 2018

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the radiographic features of the first molars of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) and of their associated intrabony defects and to compare them with a control sample of chronic periodontitis cases and healthy subjects.MethodsData from a total of 93 patients were included in this analysis. First, dental panoramic tomograms of 34 patients with LAgP (131 first molars) and 30 periodontally healthy patients (110 first molars) were compared. Then, periapical radiographs of the first molars of the same patients with LAgP and of 29 patients with chronic periodontitis affected by intrabony defects were analysed.ResultsShorter root trunks were associated with the presence of intrabony defects in patients with LAgP (P = .002 at multilevel logistic regression), also when LAgP molars were compared with healthy subjects (P = .036). Although no difference in defect depth and angle was noted between LAgP and chronic periodontitis intrabony defects, LAgP intrabony defects appeared to be more frequently symmetrical and arch‐shaped than in chronic periodontitis (P = .008), with positive predictive value and negative predictive value of for ‘wide arch’ defect of 87.3% (95% CI = 77.2%‐93.3%) and 32.3% (95% CI = 27.7%‐37.2%) respectively.ConclusionFirst molars of patients with LAgP affected by intrabony defects may have some distinct radiographic anatomical characteristics to those of healthy subjects. The shape of intrabony defects seems to differ between LAgP and chronic periodontitis cases. Further studies need to confirm these features and investigate if they are related to the initiation and progression of periodontitis.
Shortened therapy of eight weeks with paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir is highly effective in people with recent HCV genotype 1 infection
Authors: Martinello M. , Bhagani S. , Gane E. , Orkin C. , Cooke G. , Dore G. J. , Petoumenos K. , Applegate T. L. , Tu E. , Marks P. , Pagani N. , Grebely J. , Nelson M. , Matthews G. V. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryParitaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for 12 weeks are approved for treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. This study assessed the efficacy of shortened duration paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir with or without ribavirin for 8 weeks among people with recent HCV infection. In this open‐label single‐arm trial conducted in Australia, England and New Zealand, adults with recent HCV (duration of infection <12 months) received paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir (with weight‐based ribavirin for genotypes 1a and 1, no subtype) for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response at 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12) in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population. Thirty people (median age 38 years, male 93%) commenced treatment (with ribavirin, 97%), of whom 77% (n = 23) were HIV‐positive, 93% (n = 28) had genotype 1a infection and 53% (n = 16) had ever injected drugs. Median maximum ALT in the preceding 12 months was 433 IU/L (IQR 321, 1012). Acute clinical hepatitis with ALT > 10 x ULN was documented in 83% (n = 25); one participant (3%) had jaundice. At baseline, median estimated duration of infection was 30 weeks (range 11, 51), and median HCV RNA was 5.7 log10 IU/mL (range 2.7, 7.3). SVR12 was achieved in 97% (29/30; early discontinuation at week 2, n = 1; per protocol 100%, 29/29). No relapse or reinfection was observed. In conclusion, paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir (with ribavirin) for eight weeks were highly effective among HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative individuals with recent HCV infection. These data support the use of this shortened duration direct‐acting antiviral regimen in this population.
Sewer Discharge Estimation by Stereoscopic Imaging and Synchronized Frame Processing
Authors: Sirazitdinova Ekaterina , Pesic Igor , Schwehn Patrick , Song Hyuk , Satzger Matthias , Sattler Marcus , Weingärtner Dorothea , Deserno Thomas M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA system for fully automatic contact‐less image‐based measurement of volumetric flow rate in urban drainage structures is presented. The hardware includes two original equipment manufacturer cameras and a single‐board computer on which our custom image processing software is running. The value of water discharge depends on the surface velocity, water level and channel's geometry. The level of the flow is estimated as the difference between distances from the camera to the water surface and from the camera to the channel's bottom. Camera‐to‐water distance is recovered automatically using large‐scale stereo‐matching, whereas the distance to the channel's bottom is measured upon installation. Surface velocity is calculated using cross‐correlation template matching: individual natural particles in the flow are detected and tracked throughout the sequence of images recorded over a fixed time interval. The relative discharge computation error is lower than 1.34% of the theoretical maximal discharge for a given location, which makes our system competitive to commercial components such as ultrasonic flow meters, while using cheaper technologies.
God's Holiness. A Reappraisal of Transcendence
Authors: Durand Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper attempts a cross‐examination of divine holiness and transcendence. Contemporary continental philosophy shows both concern and embarrassment when dealing with God's transcendence. It is often interpreted as an exclusion from this world. The underlying projection belongs to some residual Deism of our age. By analyzing three biblical accounts of holiness (Hosea 11; Isaiah 6; Exodus 3), this paper proposes a requalification of transcendence according to the narratives through which it is revealed and addressed to three specific partners of God. Ultimately, holiness proves to be the transforming power of God.
Inhibition of OsSWEET11 function in mesophyll cells improves resistance of rice to sheath blight disease
Authors: Gao Yue , Zhang Chong , Han Xiao , Wang Zi Yuan , Ma Lai , Yuan De Peng , Wu Jing Ni , Zhu Xiao Feng , Liu Jing Miao , Li Dao Pin , Hu Yi Bing , Xuan Yuan Hu 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPathogen–host interaction is a complicated process; pathogens mainly infect host plants to acquire nutrients, especially sugars. Rhizoctonia solani, the causative agent of sheath blight disease, is a major pathogen of rice. However, it is not known how this pathogen obtains sugar from rice plants. In this study, we found that the rice sugar transporter OsSWEET11 is involved in the pathogenesis of sheath blight disease. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and β‐d‐glucuronidase expression analyses showed that R. solani infection significantly enhanced OsSWEET11 expression in leaves amongst the clade III SWEET members. The analyses of transgenic plants revealed that Ossweet11 mutants were less susceptible, whereas plants overexpressing OsSWEET11 were more susceptible, to sheath blight compared with wild‐type controls, but the yield of OsSWEET11 mutants and overexpressors was reduced. SWEETs become active on oligomerization. Split‐ubiquitin yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays showed that mutated OsSWEET11 interacted with normal OsSWEET11. In addition, expression of conserved residue mutated AtSWEET1 inhibited normal AtSWEET1 activity. To analyse whether inhibition of OsSWEET11 function in mesophyll cells is related to defence against this disease, mutated OsSWEET11 was expressed under the control of the Rubisco promoter, which is specific for green tissues. The resistance of transgenic plants to sheath blight disease, but not other disease, was improved, whereas yield production was not obviously affected. Overall, these results suggest that R. solani might acquire sugar from rice leaves by the activation of OsSWEET11 expression. The plants can be protected from infection by manipulation of the expression of OsSWEET11 without affecting the crop yield.
Bourgeois Hong Kong and its South Seas connections: a cultural logic of overseas Chinese nationalism, 1898–1933
Authors: Kuo Huei‐Ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper elaborates upon a cultural logic of overseas Chinese nationalism. Around the early twentieth century, some bourgeois members of overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Seas mobilised Confucianism as an ethno‐symbol. The latter helped the overseas Chinese bourgeoisie to counter the quest for greater secularisation and to confront the surge of anti‐imperialist movements. The implications of this research include to recentre the role of overseas Chinese in China's modern transformation; to decentre the May Fourth agendas in the understanding of overseas Chinese nationalism; and to situate overseas Chinese nationalism in an extraterritorial space, which includes the Confucian zone created in the dialogical connections between Confucian intellectual elites (such as Zheng Xiaoxu and Chen Huanzhang) and overseas Chinese bourgeois networks that converged in Hong Kong and spread transnationally.
A new method for restoring ditches in peatlands: ditch filling with fiber bales
Authors: Chimner Rodney A. , Cooper David J. , Bidwell Marcie D. , Culpepper Anthony , Zillich Kay , Nydick Koren 
Published: April 2018

Ditching is a common practice to dewater wetlands, including peatlands, and ditch blocking is a common method for restoring wetlands because substrate is often unavailable for filling the ditches. However, filling has many advantages compared to blocking ditches. Our goal was to test whether ditches could be filled in a Colorado sloping fen (Chattanooga Fen) using bales created from shredded aspen (Populus tremuloides) tree‐fiber. We monitored water table levels before and after we filled two ditches (combined length of approximately 165 m × 3 m wide) as well as an undisturbed reference portion of Chattanooga fen. The reference site had stable water tables that rarely dropped more than 20 cm below the soil surface. The ditches had been dewatering large areas of the fen for at least 100 years. Filling the ditches with fiber bales resulted in a water table increase between 2 and 22 cm in an area up to 150 m below the ditch. Native sedges now cover the area where we filled the ditches, with no erosion or compression/settling of the ground observed and no water backing up behind the filled ditches. Filling the ditches with shredded fiber bales is a good option for restoration in wilderness areas, or areas lacking peat or mineral soil fill because it is a natural material that is easily transported and placed in the ditches.
Is the management of diabetes different in dialysis patients?
Authors: Coelho Silvia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiabetes is highly and increasingly prevalent in the dialysis population and negatively impacts both quality and quantity of life. Nevertheless, the best approach to these patients is still debatable. The question of whether the management of diabetes should be different in dialysis patients does not have a clear yes or no answer but is divided into too many sub‐issues that should be carefully considered. In this review, lifestyle, cardiovascular risk, and hyperglycemia management are explored, emphasizing the possible pros and cons of a similar approach to diabetes in dialysis patients compared to the general population.
Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA in saliva for diagnosis of acute infection
Authors: Rivero‐Juarez A. , Frias M. , Lopez‐Lopez P. , Martinez‐Peinado A. , Risalde M. Á. , Brieva T. , Machuca I. , Camacho Á. , García‐Bocanegra I. , Gomez‐Villamandos J. C. , Rivero A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDiagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is established by detection of anti‐HEV IgM antibodies by ELISA or by amplification of serum viral RNA. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic value of testing HEV RNA in saliva to identify patients with acute HEV infection. Prospective proof‐of‐concept study including patients with acute hepatitis. Whole blood and neat saliva samples were obtained from all patients. Saliva samples were processed and analysed for HEV RNA by RT‐PCR within 2 hr after collection. A total of 34 patients with acute hepatitis and 12 healthy donors were included in the study. HEV RNA in serum was confirmed by RT‐PCR in eight of these patients (23.5%; 95% CI: 12.2%–40.2%). HEV was isolated in the saliva of eight of 34 patients (23.5%; 95% CI: 12.2%–40.2%). All patients with HEV RNA amplified in saliva had detectable HEV RNA in serum. HEV was isolated neither in the saliva of any of the 26 patients without detectable HEV RNA in serum nor in healthy donors. Our study suggests that acute HEV infection could be diagnosed by assessing viral load in saliva.
Premenstrual syndrome and alcohol consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernández María del Mar , Saulyte Jurgita , Inskip Hazel M , Takkouche Bahi 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivePremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common disorder worldwide which carries an important economic burden. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to assess the role of alcohol in the occurrence of PMS.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the five regional bibliographic databases of the WHO, the Proceedings database and the Open Access Thesis and Dissertations (OATD) from inception to May 2017. We also reviewed the references of every article retrieved and established personal contact with researchers to trace further publications or reports. We did not include any language limitations. Studies were included if: (1) they presented original data from cohort, case-control or cross-sectional studies, (2) PMS was clearly defined as the outcome of interest, (3) one of the exposure factors was alcohol consumption, (4) they provided estimates of odds ratios, relative risks, or any other effect measure and their confidence intervals, or enough data to calculate them.ResultsWe identified 39 studies of which 19 were eligible. Intake of alcohol was associated with a moderate increase in the risk of PMS (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.79). Heavy drinking yielded a larger increase in the risk than any drinking (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.32).DiscussionOur results suggest that alcohol intake presents a moderate association with PMS risk. Future studies should avoid cross-sectional designs and focus on determining whether there is a threshold of alcohol intake under which the harmful effect on PMS is non-existent.
British Thoracic Society quality standards for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules
Authors: Baldwin David , Callister Matthew , Akram Ahsan , Cane Paul , Draffan Jeanette , Franks Kevin , Gleeson Fergus , Graham Richard , Malhotra Puneet , Pearson Philip , Subesinghe Manil , Waller David , Woolhouse Ian 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThe purpose of the quality standards document is to provide healthcare professionals, commissioners, service providers and patients with a guide to standards of care that should be met for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules in the UK, together with measurable markers of good practice.MethodsDevelopment of British Thoracic Society (BTS) Quality Standards follows the BTS process of quality standard production based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence process manual for the development of quality standards.Results7 quality statements have been developed, each describing a key marker of high-quality, cost-effective care for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules, and each statement is supported by quality measures that aim to improve the structure, process and outcomes of healthcare.DiscussionBTS Quality Standards for the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules form a key part of the range of supporting materials that the Society produces to assist in the dissemination and implementation of guideline recommendations.
Integrated Genomic and Immunophenotypic Classification of Pancreatic Cancer Reveals Three Distinct Subtypes with Prognostic/Predictive Significance
Authors: Wartenberg Martin , Cibin Silvia , Zlobec Inti , Vassella Erik , Eppenberger-Castori Serenella , Terracciano Luigi , Eichmann Micha David , Worni Mathias , Gloor Beat , Perren Aurel , Karamitopoulou Eva 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Current clinical classification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is unable to predict prognosis or response to chemo- or immunotherapy and does not take into account the host reaction to PDAC cells. Our aim is to classify PDAC according to host- and tumor-related factors into clinically/biologically relevant subtypes by integrating molecular and microenvironmental findings.
Experimental Design: A well-characterized PDAC cohort (n = 110) underwent next-generation sequencing with a hot spot cancer panel while next-generation tissue microarrays were immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, PD-L1, p63, hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (RHAMM), and DNA mismatch repair proteins. Previous data on FOXP3 were integrated. Immune cell counts and protein expression were correlated with tumor-derived driver mutations, clinicopathologic features (TNM 8th edition, 2017), survival, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)–like tumor budding.
Results: Three PDAC subtypes were identified: the “immune escape” (54%), poor in T and B cells and enriched in FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), with high-grade budding, frequent CDKN2A, SMAD4, and PIK3CA mutations, and poor outcome; the "immune rich" (35%), rich in T and B cells and poorer in FOXP3+ Tregs, with infrequent budding, lower CDKN2A and PIK3CA mutation rate, and better outcome and a subpopulation with tertiary lymphoid tissue (TLT), mutations in DNA damage response genes (STK11 and ATM), and the best outcome; and the "immune exhausted" (11%), with immunogenic microenvironment and two subpopulations—one with PD-L1 expression and a high PIK3CA mutation rate and a microsatellite-unstable subpopulation with a high prevalence of JAK3 mutations. The combination of low budding, low stromal FOXP3 counts, presence of TLTs, and absence of CDKN2A mutations confers significant survival advantage in patients with PDAC.
Conclusions: Immune host responses correlate with tumor characteristics, leading to morphologically recognizable PDAC subtypes with prognostic/predictive significance. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4444–54. ©2018 AACR.
See related commentary by Khalil and O'Reilly, p. 4355