bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase status by fluorescent spot test and rapid diagnostic test in Lao PDR and Cambodia
Authors: Henriques Gisela , Phommasone Koukeo , Tripura Rupam , Peto Thomas J. , Raut Shristi , Snethlage Coco , Sambo Im , Sanann Nou , Nguon Chea , Adhikari Bipin , Pongvongsa Tiengkham , Imwong Mallika , von Seidlein Lorenz , Day Nicholas P. , White Nicholas J. , Dondorp Arjen M. , Newton Paul , Ley Benedikt , Mayxay Mayfong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy worldwide. Primaquine is the only licensed drug that effectively removes Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites from the human host and prevents relapse. While well tolerated by most recipients, primaquine can cause haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals and is, therefore, underused. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) could permit ascertainment of G6PD status outside of laboratory settings and hence safe treatment in remote areas. The performance of the fluorescent spot test (Trinity, Ireland; FST) and a G6PD RDT (Carestart, USA) against spectrophotometry were assessed.

Methods
Participants were enrolled during cross-sectional surveys in Laos and by purposive sampling in Cambodia. FST and RDT were performed during village surveys and 3 mL of venous blood was collected for subsequent G6PD measurement by spectrophotometry.

Results
A total of 757 participants were enrolled in Laos and 505 in Cambodia. FST and RDT performed best at 30% cut-off activity and performed significantly better in Laos than in Cambodia. When defining intermediate results as G6PD deficient, the FST had a sensitivity of 100% (95%CI 90–100) and specificity of 90% (95%CI 87.7–92.2) in Laos and sensitivity of 98% (94.1–99.6) and specificity of 71% (95%CI 66–76) in Cambodia (p < 0.001). The RDT had sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95%CI 90–100) and 99% (95%CI 97–99) in Laos and sensitivity and specificity of 91% (86–96) and 93% (90–95) in Cambodia (p < 0.001). The RDT performed significantly better (all p < 0.05) than the FST when intermediate FST results were defined as G6PD deficient.

Conclusion
The interpretation of RDT results requires some training but is a good alternative to the FST.
Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01872702; 06/27/2013; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01872702
Systematic measurement error in self-reported health: is anchoring vignettes the way out?
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper studies systematic reporting heterogeneity in self-assessed health in India using World Health Survey (WHS)-SAGE survey that has subjective assessments on own health and hypothetical vignettes as well as objective measures like measured anthropometrics and performance tests on a range of health domains. The study implicitly tests and validates the assumption of response consistency in a developing country setting, thus lending support to the use of vignettes. Additionally, we are able to control for unobservable heterogeneities of reporting behavior at the individual level by employing individual fixed-effects estimation using multiple ratings on a set of vignettes by the same person. The study confirms identical pattern of systematic bias by the socioeconomic subgroups as is indicated by vignette technique. It further highlights that substantial amount of reporting heterogeneity remains unexplained after controlling for the usual socioeconomic control variables. The finding has potentially broader implications for research based on self-reported data in a developing country.JEL Classification:C83, D91, I12, I18, I15, I32, J10
An airborne electromagnetic system with a three-component transmitter and three-component receiver capable of detecting extremely conductive bodies
Authors: Smith Richard S. 
Published: June 2018

Extremely conductive bodies, such as those containing valuable nickel sulfides, have a secondary response that is dominated by an in-phase component, so this secondary response is very difficult to distinguish from the primary field emanating from the transmitter (because by definition they are identical in temporal shape and phase). Hence, an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) system able to identify the response from the extremely conductive bodies in the ground must be able to predict the primary field to identify and measure the secondary response of the extremely conductive body. This is normally done by having a rigid system and bucking out the predicted primary (which will not change significantly due to the rigidity). Unfortunately, these rigid systems must be small and are not capable of detecting extremely conductive bodies buried deeper than approximately 100 m. Another approach is to measure the transmitter current and geometry and subtract the primary mathematically, but these measurements must be extremely accurate and this is difficult or expensive, so it has not been done successfully for an AEM system. I exploit the geometric relationship of the primary fields from a three-component (3C) dipole transmitter. If the transmitter is mathematically rotated so that one axis points to the receiver, then linear combinations of the fields measured by a 3C receiver can be combined in such a way that the primary fields from the transmitter sum to zero and cancel. Alternatively, the measured transmitter current and response could be used to estimate the transmitter-receiver geometry and then to predict and remove the primary field. Any residual must be the secondary coming from a conductive body in the ground. Hence, extremely conductive bodies containing valuable minerals can be found. An AEM system with a 3C transmitter and a 3C receiver should not be too difficult to build.
Spinal Activation of Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase-B Recovers the Impaired Endogenous Analgesia in Neuropathic Pain Rats
Authors: Kato Daiki , Suto Takashi , Obata Hideaki , Saito Shigeru 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Although endogenous analgesia plays an important role in controlling pain states, chronic pain patients exhibit decreased endogenous analgesia compared to healthy individuals. In rats, noxious stimulus–induced analgesia (NSIA), which is an indicator of endogenous analgesia, diminished 6 weeks after spinal nerve ligation (SNL6W). A recent study in rats with deleted noradrenergic fibers demonstrated that the noradrenergic fibers were essential to NSIA. It has also been reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor increased spinal noradrenergic fibers. Therefore, this study examined the effect of TrkB activation, which is the receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, on impaired NSIA in SNL6W rats. In addition, we also examined the effect of endogenous analgesia on acute incisional pain.

METHODS:
After 5 daily intraperitoneal injections of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF, TrkB agonist, 5 mg/kg), NSIA was examined by measuring the withdrawal threshold increment in the left (contralateral to nerve ligation) hindpaw at 30 minutes after capsaicin injection (250 μg) in the forepaw. K252a (TrkB antagonist, 2 μg) was administrated intrathecally for 5 days. Idazoxan (α2 adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 μg), atropine (muscarinic antagonist, 30 μg), and propranolol (nonselective β adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 μg) were administered intrathecally for 15 minutes before capsaicin injection. Microdialysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the noradrenergic plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn. A hindpaw incision was performed on the left (contralateral to nerve ligation) hindpaw. Data were analyzed by 1-way analyses of variance or 2-way repeated-measures 1-way analysis of variance followed by a Student t test with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS:
Five daily intraperitoneal injections of 7,8-DHF restored the attenuated NSIA in SNL6W rats (n = 7, P = .002; estimated treatment effect [95% CI]: 62.9 [27.0–98.7] g), with this effect blocked by 5 daily intrathecal coadministrations of K252a (n = 6, P < .001; −57.8 [−78.3 to −37.2] g). This effect was also inhibited by a single intrathecal administration of idazoxan (n = 8, P < .001; −61.6 [–92.4 to −30.9] g) and atropine (n = 8, P = .003; −52.6 [–73.3 to −31.9] g), but not by propranolol. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF increased the noradrenergic fiber in the spinal dorsal horn and the noradrenaline release in response to the capsaicin injection in the forepaw in SNL6W rats. In addition, repeated injections of 7,8-DHF prevented delayed recovery from incisional pain in SNL6W rats.

CONCLUSIONS:
Spinal activation of TrkB may recover the attenuated endogenous analgesia by improving the adrenergic plasticity, thereby leading to prevention of pain prolongation after surgery.
Dehydration Impairs Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis
Authors: WITTBRODT MATTHEW T. , MILLARD-STAFFORD MELINDA 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Dehydration (DEH) is believed to impair cognitive performance but which domains are affected and at what magnitude of body mass loss (BML) remains unclear.

Purpose
To conduct systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine the effect size (ES) of DEH on cognitive performance and influence of experimental design factors (e.g., DEH > 2% BML).

Methods
Thirty-three studies were identified, providing 280 ES estimates from 413 subjects with DEH ranging from 1% to 6% BML. Outcome variables (accuracy, reaction time), cognitive domains, and methods to induce DEH varied. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences and multivariate meta-analysis.

Results
Impairment of cognitive performance (all domains/outcomes) with DEH was small but significant (ES = −0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.31 to −0.11; P < 0.0001) with significant heterogeneity (Q(279) = 696.0, P < 0.0001; I
2 = 37.6%). Tasks of executive function (ES = −0.24; 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.12), attention (ES = −0.52; 95% CI: −0.66 to −0.37), and motor coordination (ES = −0.40 to 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.17) were significantly impaired (P ≤ 0.01) after DEH, and attention/motor coordination was different (P < 0.001) from reaction time specific tasks (ES = −0.10; 95% CI: −0.23 to 0.02). Body mass loss was associated with the ES for cognitive impairment (P = 0.04); consequently, impairment was greater (P = 0.04) for studies reporting >2% BML (ES = −0.28; 95% CI: −0.41 to −0.16) compared with ≤2%; (ES = −0.14; 95% CI: −0.27 to 0.00).

Conclusions
Despite variability among studies, DEH impairs cognitive performance, particularly for tasks involving attention, executive function, and motor coordination when water deficits exceed 2% BML.
Modeling Training Loads and Injuries: The Dangers of Discretization
Authors: CAREY DAVID L. , CROSSLEY KAY M. , WHITELEY ROD , MOSLER ANDREA , ONG KOK-LEONG , CROW JUSTIN , MORRIS MEG E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate common modeling strategies in training load and injury risk research when modeling continuous variables and interpreting continuous risk estimates; and present improved modeling strategies.

Method
Workload data were pooled from Australian football (n = 2550) and soccer (n = 23,742) populations to create a representative sample of acute:chronic workload ratio observations for team sports. Injuries were simulated in the data using three predefined risk profiles (U-shaped, flat and S-shaped). One-hundred data sets were simulated with sample sizes of 1000 and 5000 observations. Discrete modeling methods were compared with continuous methods (spline regression and fractional polynomials) for their ability to fit the defined risk profiles. Models were evaluated using measures of discrimination (area under receiver operator characteristic [ROC] curve) and calibration (Brier score, logarithmic scoring).

Results
Discrete models were inferior to continuous methods for fitting the true injury risk profiles in the data. Discrete methods had higher false discovery rates (16%–21%) than continuous methods (3%–7%). Evaluating models using the area under the ROC curve incorrectly identified discrete models as superior in over 30% of simulations. Brier and logarithmic scoring was more suited to assessing model performance with less than 6% discrete model selection rate.

Conclusions
Many studies on the relationship between training loads and injury that have used regression modeling have significant limitations due to improper discretization of continuous variables and risk estimates. Continuous methods are more suited to modeling the relationship between training load and injury. Comparing injury risk models using ROC curves can lead to inferior model selection. Measures of calibration are more informative judging the utility of injury risk models.
Psychodiagnostics: Classification of the Yips Phenomenon based on Musician’s Dystonia
Authors: IOANNOU CHRISTOS I. , KLÄMPFL MARTIN K. , LOBINGER BABETT H. , RAAB MARKUS , ALTENMÜLLER ECKART 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Similar to musician’s focal dystonia, a task-specific phenomenon known as yips, has also been reported in professional athletes. Yips is usually described as focal dystonia, or choking under pressure, or as lying on a continuum between both. Based on the common occupational conditions across musicians and athletes, the present exploratory study aimed to investigate whether musicians diagnosed with focal dystonia and golfers affected with yips, can be similarly subclassified based on their psychological profiles.

Methods
Twenty healthy musicians, 20 musicians with focal dystonia, 20 healthy golfers, and 20 yips-affected golfers went through a test battery including three psycho-diagnostic standardized questionnaires (the Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Frost’s Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, and the Stress Coping Questionnaire), measuring trait cognitive and somatic anxiety, perfectionistic tendencies and different stress coping strategies.

Results
Findings based on a clustering procedure suggest that similar to musician’s dystonia, yips-affected golfers can be classified into those with and those without specific elevated perfectionistic, stress and anxiety traits. The roles of these different psychological profiles as possible triggering factors of the yips are discussed and compared with those of musician’s dystonia.

Conclusions
The current study suggests that the yips phenomenon might cover a broader range of different subtypes of movement disturbances than those already suggested in the literature. Finally, a theoretical model, which explains the role of the different triggering factors in the discrimination of the different subtypes, is suggested. A better classification and understanding of the different subtypes of yips could lead to a more accurate diagnosis and to the design of more individualized treatment intervention.
Disentangling the infrageneric classification of megadiverse taxa from Mata Atlantica: Phylogeny of Miconia section Chaenanthera (Melastomataceae: Miconieae)
Authors: Goldenberg Renato , Reginato Marcelo , Michelangeli Fabián A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMiconia is the largest genus restricted to the Neotropics, with about 1060 species, and one of the biggest in Mata Atlântica, with 115 species. As currently defined,Miconia is clearly polyphyletic with no clear boundaries to the other genera in the Miconieae. Moreover, the traditional infrageneric classification does not reflect the evolutionary history of the group, thus limiting its utility for identification and monographic purposes. Miconia sect. Chaenanthera and M. sect. Jucunda are two sections mostly restricted to Mata Atlântica that have previously been shown to belong to a single clade (Chaenanthera clade), despite being morphologically distinct from each other. In this paper, we provide a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Chaenanthera clade with an expanded sampling of both taxa and molecular markers, in order to provide a base for future taxonomic studies. Given the incongruent patterns observed across different markers in our preliminary analyses, a phylogenetic network was also estimated for the group. The history of some morphological characters was reconstructed and the phylogenetic position of a few molecularly unsampled species was estimated based on their morphology. The Chaenanthera clade was corroborated with strong support, although resolution is still unsatisfactory for several relationships within the group. Individual flower­related characters do not reliably predict phylogenetic relationships in this group. Morphological diagnostic characters for above species taxa will demand character combinations and likely the inclusion of other sources of information. We also present the first line of evidence supporting the presence of reticulation shaping the history of the Chaenanthera clade. The concerted effect of incongruent signal, limited variability, incomplete lineage sorting and reticulation events, is certainly a major force driving the phylogenetic support recovered in our analyses, and likely in several other published trees across Melastomataceae.
Engineering procedure in electron-beam welding of blade packet for steam turbines
Authors: Хейфец М. , Kheifets M. , Бородавко В. , Borodavko V. , Пынькин А. , Pynkin A. , Грецкий Н. , Gretsky N. 
Published: June 2018

A technology for manufacturing a steam turbine blade packet made of heat-resistant high-alloy hard-to-weld steel of a martensitic class is offered. The advantage of electron-beam welding use at the assembly of a blade packet instead of a common electric arc welding method in protective environment is described. A technological tooling specially designed essential for welding process automation is considered. There are shown results of laser scanning a blade packet geometry with the aid of NikonMetrology MCAx40+ coordinate measuring arm with the further computer analysis of results obtained in applied Focus software which has shown that thermal deformations are within the limits of a tolerance for the mentioned operation and exclude completely further processing.
The application of electron-beam welding at manufacturing a blade packet allows increasing assembly quality, decreasing defects and cost price of an engineering process.
Performance Approximation of Emergency Service Systems with Priorities and Partial Backups
Authors: Karimi Akbar , Gendreau Michel , Verter Vedat 
Published: June 2018

An approximate procedure is presented for priority emergency service systems with partial backups where requests for service with a given origin and priority can be responded to by a certain subset of response units. We introduce and analyze the family of queuing and loss systems with partial service and use them to approximate the distribution of the number of busy response units, which in turn enables us to estimate the average server workloads, immediate and delayed dispatch rates, and waiting delays as system performance measures. We consider systems with zero and infinite queue capacities and let the dispatching policies and service times depend on call priority and customer and server locations. The validity of the approximation model and its computational aspects are studied through numerous tests and a realistic application of locating a fleet of ambulances in downtown Montréal. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0810 .
Digital marketing in dentistry and ethical implications
Authors: De Lira Ana de Lourdes Sá , Magalhães Bruna Mouzinho 
Published: June 2018

With the increase of competition in the market of dental services, it is necessary to use marketing tools that emphasize the dental surgeon and dental clinics. Digital marketing is one of the fastest growing available resources among health professionals, who use websites and social networks as a means of communication, advertisement and publicity. The objective of this literature review was to compare the digital marketing with other marketing strategies in dentistry based on the code of ethics, in order to increase productivity, capture new patients and loyalty of those in treatment. Indexed searches were carried out in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, BIREME, PORTAL CAPES and included 27 articles, published between 1998 and 2017. It was concluded that digital marketing has shown to be of great importance in the dental services market, if in conjunction with the other types of external and internal marketing, as long as it obeys the ethical precepts of the Dental Ethics Board. KeywordsDental ethics; Marketing; Marketing of health services; Social media.
Asymmetric Robin Problems with Indefinite Potential and Concave Terms
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Repovš Dušan D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We consider a parametric semilinear Robin problem driven by the Laplacian plus an indefinite and unbounded potential. In the reaction, we have the competing effects of a concave term appearing with a negative sign and of an asymmetric asymptotically linear term which is resonant in the negative direction. Using variational methods together with truncation and perturbation techniques and Morse theory (critical groups), we prove two multiplicity theorems producing four and five, respectively, nontrivial smooth solutions when the parameter

λ
>
0

{\lambda>0}

is small.
Measuring the Deterrent Effect of European Cartel Law Enforcement
Authors: Moritz Birgit , Becker Martin , Schmidtchen Dieter 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article proposes a new approach to measuring the deterrent effect of cartel law enforcement by combining a game-theoretic model with Monte Carlo simulations. The game-theoretical analysis shows which type of perfect Bayesian Nash equilibria is obtained depending on the parameter setup: perfect compliance, imperfect compliance or zero compliance. For each equilibrium, we also derive the probabilities of type I (false-positive) and type II (false-negative) errors committed by the cartel authority. To account for the uncertainty and the vague knowledge concerning the model parameters, we perform Monte Carlo simulations based on parameter ranges extracted from the related literature. The simulations indicate that zero compliance dominates the picture and that the error probabilities are high for type II and negligible for type I errors. The results are fairly robust against correlation in the input parameters. Further robustness studies and interactive visualizations can be obtained with a supplemental web application.
A computational algorithm and the method of determining the temperature field along the length of the rod of variable cross section
Authors: Kudaykulov Anarbay , Tashev A. A. , Askarova A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Bearing elements of a number of strategic equipment are limited length rods with a variable cross-section. Most of them are exposed to certain types of heat sources. To ensure reliable operation of these equipment it is necessary to know the temperature field along the length of the rod with a variable cross section. This paper proposes a computational algorithm and method to determine the temperature field along the length of the rod with limited length and variable cross-section. They are based on fundamental laws of energy conservation. Also obtained is an approximate analytical solution of the problem.