bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical data driven approach for the deployment of WSNs on realistic terrains
Authors: Zafer Mostefa , Senouci Mustapha Reda , Aissani Mohamed 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExisting works on relay nodes placement in two‐tiered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) assume two‐dimensional terrains and ignore completely the impact of the topography on the communication quality. In contrast, this paper addresses constrained versions of the relay nodes placement problem while adopting more realistic assumptions. To ensure the connectivity of a two‐tiered WSN deployed on a three‐dimensional terrain, the proposed approach determines the relay nodes positions by analyzing the data extracted from the terrain topography. The main idea is to consider a concrete positions constraint, by requiring the placement of relay nodes only at the terrain crest points, which have a relatively wide visibility on the terrain and are well exposed to the sun. This allows minimizing the number of relay nodes required to ensure the connectivity, reduces the impact of the topography on the wireless communication quality, and offers the opportunity to equip the relay nodes with solar panels to extend their lifetimes. Based on this idea and inspired by the One‐Step constrained Relay nodes Placement (OSRP) and Realistic constrained Relay nodes PLacement (RRPL) approaches, three algorithms, called 3D‐OSRP (3D One‐Step constrained Relay nodes Placement), 3D‐RRPL‐v1 (3D Realistic constrained Relay nodes PLacement version‐1), and 3D‐RRPL‐v2 (3D Realistic constrained Relay nodes PLacement version‐2), are designed, implemented, and evaluated by extensive simulations on realistic three‐dimensional terrains. Obtained results demonstrate the relevance of considering positions constraint.
The infraorbital artery: From descriptive anatomy to mucosal perforator flap design
Authors: Hufschmidt Katharina , Camuzard Olivier , Balaguer Thierry , Baqué Patrick , de Peretti Fernand , Santini Joseph , Bronsard Nicolas , Qassemyar Quentin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe terminal and perforating branches of the infraorbital artery (IOA) are poorly described. Its anatomical situation and mucosal component could provide an interesting donor site for mucosal reconstruction. The aims of the following study were to establish an anatomical description and to assess the feasibility of mucosal perforator flaps for eyelid and nasal reconstruction.MethodsTwenty‐three fresh cadaver hemifaces were studied in order to perform an IOA anatomical classification by recording the artery's characteristics, its course, number, type, and diameter of terminal branches. We also examined the feasibility of local flaps for facial reconstruction.ResultsWe highlighted five different types of courses. All cadavers had at least one superior vestibular branch with a caliber of ≥0.4 mm. A pedicled flap arising from the vestibular branch was raised in all dissections.ConclusionThe vestibular perforator flap based on the IOA seems to be a reliable flap in reconstruction of mucosal defects.
The utility of superb‐microvascular imaging for evaluating the full length of carotid artery stents
Authors: Hagiwara Yuta , Shimizu Takahiro , Hoshino Masashi , Takao Naoki , Araga Takashi , Hasegawa Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTransoral carotid ultrasonography (TOCU) is a powerful tool for evaluating internal carotid artery (ICA) lesions located from the carotid bifurcation up to the level of the second cervical vertebra. Superb‐microvascular imaging (SMI) is a new Doppler imaging technique whose algorithm analyze tissue movements to minimize motion artifacts by eliminating clutter signals. SMI significantly reduces motion artifacts and allows visualization of low‐velocity blood flow even in minute vessels. TOCU with SMI produces clear intraluminal image of the distal extracranial ICA, which is not possible with conventional carotid artery ultrasonography (CUS). CUS with SMI and TOCU with SMI were performed in a patient with a history of carotid artery stenting for symptomatic left ICA stenosis, providing images of the full length of the stents with intimal hyperplasia.
Surgical anatomy of ovine facial and hypoglossal nerves for facial nerve reconstruction and regeneration research: An experimental study in sheep
Authors: Niimi Yosuke , Matsumine Hajime , Fukuda Satoshi , Salsbury John R. , Niimi Yu , Herndon David N. , Prough Donald S. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe lack of a clinically relevant animal model for facial nerve research is a challenge. The goal of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the ovine facial and hypoglossal nerves to establish a clinically relevant facial nerve research model.Materials and methodsSix cadaver female Merino sheep (33.5 ± 3 kg, approximately 3 years old) and three anesthetized female Merino sheep (30 ± 3 kg, approximately 3 years old) were used. In cadaver sheep, a right side preauricular to submandibular incision was made. Dimensions of the face, neck, and length of facial nerve were measured. In anesthetized sheep, each facial nerve branch and hypoglossal nerve in the right side was stimulated. The number of myelinated fibers was analyzed histologically.ResultsThe facial nerve exited the stylomastoid foramen and divided into upper and lower branches. The lower branch then subdivided into buccal and marginal mandibular branches. The hypoglossal nerve was observed behind the digastric posterior belly. Stimulation revealed the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical branch innervated the forehead, orbicularis, upper lip and nasal, lower lip, and platysma, respectively. The number of myelinated fibers of the main trunk, upper, buccal, lower branch, and hypoglossal nerve was 11 350 ± 1851, 4766 ± 1000, 5107 ± 218, 3159 ± 450, and 7604 ± 636, respectively. The length of the main trunk was 9.2 ± 1.5 mm, and distance of the marginal mandibular branch to the facial artery was 94 ± 6.8 mm.ConclusionsDue to the similarity in nerve anatomy and innervation, the ovine model can be used as a clinically relevant and suitable model for facial nerve research.
Emerging therapeutic potential of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in acute kidney injury
Authors: Cameron Guy J M , Jiang Simon H , Loering Svenja , Deshpande Aniruddh V , Hansbro Philip M , Starkey Malcolm R 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) remains a global challenge and, despite the availability of dialysis and transplantation, can be fatal. Those that survive an AKI are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the pathophysiology of AKI is critical for developing novel strategies for diagnosis and treatment. A growing body of evidence indicates that amplifying type 2 immunity may have therapeutic potential in kidney injury and disease. Of particular interest are the recently described subset of innate immune cells, termed group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Group 2 ILCs are crucial tissue‐resident immune cells that maintain homeostasis and regulate tissue repair at multiple organ sites, including the kidney. They are critical mediators of type 2 immune responses following infection and injury. The existing literature suggests that activation of group 2 ILCs and production of a local type 2 immune milieu is protective against renal injury and associated pathology. In this review, we describe the emerging role for group 2 ILCs in renal homeostasis and repair. We provide an in‐depth discussion of the most recent literature that use preclinical models of AKI and assess the therapeutic effect of modulating group 2 ILC function. We debate the potential for targeting these cells as novel cellular therapies in AKI and discuss the implications for future studies and translation. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of a sugar N‐formyltransferase from the plant pathogen Pantoea ananatis
Authors: Hofmeister Daniel L. , Thoden James B. , Holden Hazel M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pantoea ananatis is a Gram‐negative bacterium first recognized in 1928 as the causative agent of pineapple rot in the Philippines. Since then various strains of the organism have been implicated in the devastation of agriculturally important crops. Some strains, however, have been shown to function as non‐pathogenic plant growth promoting organisms. To date, the factors that determine pathogenicity or lack thereof between the various strains are not well understood. All P. ananatis strains contain lipopolysaccharides, which differ with respect to the identities of their associated sugars. Given our research interest on the presence of the unusual sugar, 4‐formamido‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose, found on the lipopolysaccharides of Campylobacter jejuni and Francisella tularensis, we were curious as to whether other bacteria have the appropriate biosynthetic machinery to produce these unique carbohydrates. Four enzymes are typically required for their biosynthesis: a thymidylyltransferase, a 4,6‐dehydratase, an aminotransferase, and an N‐formyltransferase. Here, we report that the gene SAMN03097714_1080 from the P. ananatis strain NFR11 does, indeed, encode for an N‐formyltransferase, hereafter referred to as PA1080c. Our kinetic analysis demonstrates that PA1080c displays classical Michaelis–Menten kinetics with dTDP‐4‐amino‐4,6‐dideoxy‐d‐glucose as the substrate and N10‐formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. In addition, the X‐ray structure of PA1080c, determined to 1.7 Å resolution, shows that the enzyme adopts the molecular architecture observed for other sugar N‐formyltransferases. Analysis of the P. ananatis NFR11 genome suggests that the three other enzymes necessary for N‐formylated sugar biosynthesis are also present. Intriguingly, those strains of P. ananatis that are non‐pathogenic apparently do not contain these genes.
Dual-wavelength bidirectional pumped high-power Raman fiber laser
Authors: Wang Zehui , Xiao Qirong , Huang Yusheng , Tian Jiading , Li Dan , Yan Ping , Gong Mali 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we reported both the experimental demonstration and theoretical analysis of a Raman fiber laser based on a master oscillator–power amplifier configuration. The Raman fiber laser adopted the dual-wavelength bidirectional pumping configuration, utilizing 976 nm laser diodes and 1018 nm fiber lasers as the pump sources. A 60-m-long $25/400~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ ytterbium-doped fiber was used to convert the power from 1070 to 1124 nm, realizing a maximum power output of 3.7 kW with a 3 dB spectral width of 6.8 nm. Moreover, we developed a multi-frequency model taking into consideration the Raman gain spectrum and amplified spontaneous emission. The calculated spectral broadening of both the forward and backward laser was in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, a 1.5 kW, 1183 nm second-order Raman fiber laser was further experimentally demonstrated by the addition of a 70-m-long germanium-doped passive fiber.
The singularity method in unsteady Stokes flow: hydrodynamic force and torque around a sphere in time-dependent flows
Authors: Hsiao C. H. , Young D. L. 
Published: January 2019

The equations for the hydrodynamic force and torque acting on a sphere in unsteady Stokes equations under different flow conditions are solved analytically by means of the singularity method. This analytical technique is based on the combination of suitable singularity solutions (also called fundamental solutions) such as primary Stokeslets, potential dipoles, or higher-order singularities, to construct the flow field. The different flows considered here include four examples: (1) a rotating sphere in a viscous flow, (2) a stationary sphere in a time-dependent shear flow, (3) a sphere with free rotation in a simple shear flow, as well as (4) a stationary sphere in a time-dependent axisymmetric parabolic flow. Our paradigm is to derive the fundamental solutions in unsteady Stokes flows and to express the solutions as a convolution integral in time using the time–space fundamental solutions. Next the Laplace transform is used to determine the strength of the distributed singularities that induce the velocity field around a stationary or rotating sphere. Then we use the computed strength of the singularities to derive hydrodynamic force and torque. In particular, for the problem of a stationary sphere in unsteady axisymmetric parabolic flow, our solution for the time-dependent force acting on the sphere consists of five force components – the well-known quasi-steady Stokes drag, the added mass term, the Basset historic (memory) force, and two additional memory forces. The first additional memory force due to the rate change of velocity, we find, is similar to the result obtained by Lawrence & Weinbaum (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 171, 1986, pp. 209–218) for the ostensibly unrelated setting of a slightly deformed translating spheroid. The second additional memory force comes from the effect of the rate change of acceleration and is found for the first time in this study to the best of our knowledge.
Approximations, ghosts and derived equivalences
Authors: Chen Yiping , Hu Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractApproximation sequences and derived equivalences occur frequently in the research of mutation of tilting objects in representation theory, algebraic geometry and noncommutative geometry. In this paper, we introduce symmetric approximation sequences in additive categories and weaklyn-angulated categories which include (higher) Auslander-Reiten sequences (triangles) and mutation sequences in algebra and geometry, and show that such sequences always give rise to derived equivalences between the quotient rings of endomorphism rings of objects in the sequences modulo some ghost and coghost ideals.
On triangle equivalences of stable categories
Authors: Di Zhenxing , Liu Zhongkui , Wei Jiaqun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe apply the Auslander–Buchweitz approximation theory to show that the Iyama and Yoshino's subfactor triangulated category can be realized as a triangulated quotient. Applications of this realization go in three directions. Firstly, we recover both a result of Iyama and Yang and a result of the third author. Secondly, we extend the classical Buchweitz's triangle equivalence from Iwanaga–Gorenstein rings to Noetherian rings. Finally, we obtain the converse of Buchweitz's triangle equivalence and a result of Beligiannis, and give characterizations for Iwanaga–Gorenstein rings and Gorenstein algebras.
Frame and direction mappings for surfaces in ℝ3
Authors: Bruce J. W. , Tari F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study frames in ℝ3 and mapping from a surface M in ℝ3 to the space of frames. We consider in detail mapping frames determined by a unit tangent principal or asymptotic direction field U and the normal field N. We obtain their generic local singularities as well as the generic singularities of the direction field itself. We show, for instance, that the cross-cap singularities of the principal frame map occur precisely at the intersection points of the parabolic and subparabilic curves of different colours. We study the images of the asymptotic and principal foliations on the unit sphere by their associated unit direction fields. We show that these curves are solutions of certain first order differential equations and point out a duality in the unit sphere between some of their configurations.
Evolutes and focal surfaces of framed immersions in the Euclidean space
Authors: Honda Shun'ichi , Takahashi Masatomo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider a smooth curve with singular points in the Euclidean space. As a smooth curve with singular points, we have introduced a framed curve or a framed immersion. A framed immersion is a smooth curve with a moving frame and the pair is an immersion. We define an evolute and a focal surface of a framed immersion in the Euclidean space. The evolutes and focal surfaces of framed immersions are generalizations of each object of regular space curves. We give relationships between singularities of the evolutes and of the focal surfaces. Moreover, we consider properties of the evolutes, focal surfaces and repeated evolutes.
Dry-forest tree species with large seeds and low stem specific density show greater survival under drought
Authors: Krishnan Lalitha , Barua Deepak , Sankaran Mahesh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTree establishment in tropical dry forests is constrained by drought-related seedling mortality during early stages of recruitment. Predicted increases in the duration of growing-season droughts in the future pose a significant threat to these ecosystems that could significantly alter their vegetation structure and composition. Here, we examined drought tolerance in seedlings of seven common dry-forest tree species from the Indian subcontinent. We conducted a dry-down experiment on 3-wk-old seedlings, and asked whether the key plant functional traits, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), seed size and stem specific density (SSD) were good predictors of seedling growth under well-watered conditions, and survival during drought. Seedlings displayed substantial drought tolerance with most seedlings surviving for more than 2 wk under protracted drought. Seed size in combination with SLA predicted seedling growth under well-watered conditions and seed size predicted survival under drought. In contrast to our expectations, seedlings with lower SSD survived for longer without water. Our results suggest that dry-forest species will be differentially affected by the predicted increases in the duration of growing-season droughts, and detrimental effects will be more severe for species with smaller seeds.
A SPECTRUM OF SERIES–PARALLEL GRAPHS WITH MULTIPLE EDGE EVOLUTION
Authors: Mahmoud Hosam M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe discuss a rich family of directed series–parallel (SP) graphs grown by the simultaneous random series or parallel development of multiple edges. The family portrays a spectrum that spans a wide range of SP graphs: from simple models, where only as few as one edge is chosen for evolution at each discrete point in time, to complex hierarchical lattice networks grown by a take-all strategy, where all the edges in the existing network are developed.The family of SP graphs we discuss is grown from an initial seed graph with τ0 edges under an arbitrary building sequence, $\{k_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty}$, of nonnegative integers (with $k_n \le \tau _0 + \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {k_i} $, for arbitrary τ0 ≥ 1), that specifies the number of edges subjected to evolution at time n. We study the average north polar degree and show that we can go beyond averages to strong laws. We also find the exact average number of critical edges. The asymptotics of the critical edges are facilitated under the regularity condition that $k_n/\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {k_i} $ converges to a constant (as n → ∞), a natural condition easily met by practical strategies, such as single-edge evolution and take-all choice, and much in between.
Diamond Anvil Cell Partitioning Experiments for Accretion and Core Formation: Testing the Limitations of Electron Microprobe Analysis
Authors: Jennings Eleanor S. , Wade Jon , Laurenz Vera , Petitgirard Sylvain 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetal–silicate partitioning studies performed in high-pressure, laser-heated diamond anvil cells (DAC) are commonly used to explore element distribution during planetary-scale core–mantle differentiation. The small run-products contain suitable areas for analysis commonly less than tens of microns in diameter and a few microns thick. Because high spatial resolution is required, quantitative chemical analyses of the quenched phases is usually performed by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Here, EPMA is being used at its spatial limits, and sample thickness and secondary fluorescence effects must be accounted for. By using simulations and synthetic samples, we assess the validity of these measurements, and find that in most studies DAC sample wafers are sufficiently thick to be characterized at 15 kVacc. Fluorescence from metal-hosted elements will, however, contaminate silicate measurements, and this becomes problematic if the concentration contrast between the two phases is in excess of 100. Element partitioning experiments are potentially compromised; we recommend simulating fluorescence and applying a data correction, if required, to such DAC studies. Other spurious analyses may originate from sources external to the sample, as exemplified by 0.5 to >1 wt% of Cu arising from continuum fluorescence of the Cu TEM grid the sample is typically mounted on.
What do we know about parasites of wildlife in high biodiversity areas with anthropogenic disturbance? The special case of Mexico
Authors: Muñoz-García C. I. , Berriatua E. , Martínez-Carrasco C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe continual rise of anthropogenic disturbance of ecosystems has been associated with an increasing incidence of emerging diseases. The largest amount of data on emerging diseases relates to bacterial and viral pathogens, but there is a lack of parasite data, especially from wildlife. Monitoring wildlife parasitic diseases should be considered a priority, especially in high biodiversity regions with strong anthropogenic impacts, like Mexico, where the wildlife/livestock/human interface is associated with increased risk of disease transmission. Mexico belongs to the top-ten megadiverse countries and is located between two biogeographic regions. This situation makes Mexico a favourable region for the spillover of animal pathogens to human beings, causing pandemics, such as the one recently caused by influenza virus A (H1N1). The current state of knowledge of Mexican wildlife parasites is scarce and focuses mainly in Neotropical fauna. Moreover, this knowledge is heterogeneous for different parasite groups, especially concerning their pathologic effects and epidemiology. The goals of this review are to compile information on Mexican wildlife parasites and to identify knowledge gaps in order to stimulate research on pending epidemiological, public health, ecological and pathological areas, and to encourage the creation of more specialized groups from the perspective of the One-Health concept.
Mannheimia haemolyticain bovine respiratory disease: immunogens, potential immunogens, and vaccines
Authors: Confer Anthony W. , Ayalew Sahlu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMannheimia haemolyticais the major cause of severe pneumonia in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). EarlyM. haemolyticabacterins were either ineffective or even enhanced disease in vaccinated cattle, which led to studies of the bacterium's virulence factors and potential immunogens to determine ways to improve vaccines. Studies have focused on the capsule, lipopolysaccharide, various adhesins, extracellular enzymes, outer membrane proteins, and leukotoxin (LKT) resulting in a strong database for understanding immune responses to the bacterium and production of more efficacious vaccines. The importance of immunity to LKT and to surface antigens in stimulating immunity led to studies of individual native or recombinant antigens, bacterial extracts, live-attenuated or mutant organisms, culture supernatants, combined bacterin-toxoids, outer membrane vesicles, and bacterial ghosts. Efficacy of several of these potential vaccines can be shown following experimentalM. haemolyticachallenge; however, efficacy in field trials is harder to determine due to the complexity of factors and etiologic agents involved in naturally occurring BRD. Studies of potential vaccines have led current commercial vaccines, which are composed primarily of culture supernatant, bacterin-toxoid, or live mutant bacteria. Several of those can be augmented experimentally by addition of recombinant LKT or outer membrane proteins.