bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Assessment, Debridement, and Decision Making in the Salvage of Severely Injured Lower Extremity
Authors: Sabapathy S. Raja , Venkatramani Hari , Mohan Monusha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn open fracture with extensive skin and soft tissue loss is considered as a severely injured lower extremity. Advances in rapid transport, resuscitation, skeletal fixation, and microsurgical techniques to cover large soft tissue and bone defects have made possible the salvage of these severely injured limbs. Salvage exercise is skill and resource intensive and could take a long time frame. The goal of management is to obtain painless independent weight bearing walking in a time frame and cost that the patient can afford.Decisions taken and the quality of care provided on day 1 determine the ultimate success. Inappropriate decisions and treatment lead to increased morbidity and secondary amputation. Infection is the commonest complication. Limb salvage scores are helpful to predict salvage and guide the sequence of treatment. Once the decision is taken for salvage, debridement, early skeletal fixation, and soft tissue cover are the key to success.
Pulse plating of Ni–B/WC nanocomposite coating and study of its corrosion and wear resistance
Authors: Hosseini Mir Ghasem , Ahmadiyeh Somayeh , Rasooli Ali 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of WC content on the properties of the Ni–B/WC nanocomposites deposited by the pulse method. It is obtained that, although by addition of WC nanoparticles to the bath in initial steps (WC 4 and 8 g l−1), the grain size was increased and hence mechanical and electrochemical properties got worse, but at the higher amount of WC (WC 12 g l−1), due to the formation of the fine and packed structures, the great corrosion and wear resistance was achieved. The corrosion resistance of the Ni–B/WC12 g l−1 coating is 59,967 Ω and wear weight loss is 2.1 mg cm−2 with the friction coefficient of 0.64.
Unified total synthesis of amorfrutins A and C via the Claisen rearrangement
Authors: Fujita Tadafumi , Kuwahara Shigefumi , Ogura Yusuke 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
A concise, unified total synthesis of the two prenylated aromatic polyketides amorfrutins A and C, which exhibit various medicinally important biological profiles such as antimicrobial, PPARγ modulating and quorum sensing inhibitory activities, has been achieved from commercially available 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in 38% and 10% overall yields through nine and ten steps, respectively. The key transformation for the synthesis of amorfrutin A was the Claisen rearrangement of a mono-O-(1,1-dimethylallyl)resorcinol derivative to install the C3-prenyl substituent, while that for the synthesis of amorfrutin C was the double Claisen rearrangement of a di-O-(1,1-dimethylallyl)resorcinol derivative to introduce the two prenyl groups at the C3 and C5 positions all at once.
“Maid’s Day Off”: Leisured Domesticity in the Mid-Twentieth-Century United States
Authors: Heinz Annelise 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
At the height of the mid-twentieth-century domestic revival, middle-class Jewish women created forms of “leisured domesticity,” marked by temporary female-only recreational spaces in their family-centered arenas. In contrast to other forms of recreation, with mahjong second-generation Jewish women gained an entitlement to peer-oriented leisure in the site of domestic labor: the home. Based on extensive oral histories, Heinz argues that consistent cultural patterns emerged around mahjong. These commonalities created a widespread culture that reached its height in the postwar years of upward mobility, experienced in particularly pronounced ways by Jewish Americans. Although the culture of mahjong could reinforce women’s domestic roles as much as undermine them, the weekly mahjong ritual demanded a temporary reallocation of household labor. Understandings of postwar life have largely been shaped by a duality between what defined an idealized domesticity in theory (devoted mothers in family-centered middle-class homes) and the ways that women resisted or were excluded from these norms. In contrast, the practices of leisured domesticity illuminate a multidimensional reality. Mahjong-playing mothers neither overthrew nor fully acquiesced to the powerful norms of postwar American “model” domesticity. Creating a widely accepted rhythm of women’s recreation made domesticity more livable by carving out patterns of leisure within it.
Study on Diagnostic Values of Astrocyte Elevated Gene 1 (AEG-1) and Glypican 3 (GPC-3) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cao Wenqing , Sharma Meenal , Imam Rami , Yu Jiangzhou 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic potential of AEG-1 and GPC-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsAEG-1 and GPC-3 immunohistochemistry were performed on HCC, adjacent nontumor tissue (ANT), and dysplastic nodules (DN).ResultsH score of AEG-1 or GPC-3 in HCC was significantly higher than in ANT or DN. In HCC, 92% and 54% showed AEG-1 and GPC-3 positivity, respectively. In ANT, 16.2% were AEG-1 and 7.6% GPC-3 positive. AEG-1 staining was mostly diffuse, whereas GPC-3 frequently showed focal staining. AEG-1 alone showed high sensitivity but low specificity and accuracy. GPC-3, on the other hand, showed high specificity but low sensitivity and accuracy. Combination of both stains boosted the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to 94.6%, 89.5%, and 90.5%, respectively, when only diffuse staining was considered as positive.ConclusionsAEG-1 or GPC-3 alone seemed not an ideal marker for HCC. The combination of AEG-1 and GPC-3 might improve early diagnosis of HCC.
Fighting the Public Health Burden of AIDS With the Human Pegivirus
Authors: Greenhalgh Scott , Schmidt Rebecca , Day Troy 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized the battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). From its current global rollout, HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality has been greatly reduced, yet there exists substantial interest in the development of new therapies to further mitigate the HIV/AIDS health burden and to inhibit any fallout from the development of antiretroviral drug resistance. One potential intervention is the human pegivirus (HPgV). HPgV is not known to cause disease, and most remarkably it is shown to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. However, the health benefit of increasing HPgV prevalence in the community of HIV-infected men remains unknown at the public health level. We evaluated the utility of HPgV biovaccination for mitigating the HIV/AIDS health burden using mathematical models. Importantly, our work considers the potential concern that HPgV will, itself, evolve to become disease-causing by permitting mutant disease-causing HPgV strains to potentially arise during treatment. Our findings show that HPgV biovaccination rates of 12.5%–50% annually could prevent 4.2–23.6 AIDS incidences and 3.3–18.8 AIDS deaths, and could save 2.9–18.6 disability-adjusted life years per 1,000 people. Together, these findings indicate that HPgV biovaccination could be an effective therapy for reducing HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, and thus warrants further exploration.
PRODIGY-crystal: a web-tool for classification of biological interfaces in protein complexes
Authors: Jiménez-García Brian , Elez Katarina , Koukos Panagiotis I , Bonvin Alexandre Mjj , Vangone Anna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSummaryDistinguishing biologically relevant interfaces from crystallographic ones in biological complexes is fundamental in order to associate cellular functions to the correct macromolecular assemblies. Recently, we described a detailed study reporting the differences in the type of intermolecular residue–residue contacts between biological and crystallographic interfaces. Our findings allowed us to develop a fast predictor of biological interfaces reaching an accuracy of 0.92 and competitive to the current state of the art. Here we present its web-server implementation, PRODIGY-CRYSTAL, aimed at the classification of biological and crystallographic interfaces. PRODIGY-CRYSTAL has the advantage of being fast, accurate and simple. This, together with its user-friendly interface and user support forum, ensures its broad accessibility.Availability and implementationPRODIGY-CRYSTAL is freely available without registration requirements at https://haddock.science.uu.nl/services/PRODIGY-CRYSTAL.
Trust-Based Secure Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Hybrid Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Mukhedkar Moresh Madhukar , Kolekar Uttam 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is a hectic challenge due to the dynamic nature of the network. The provisional communication links are assured due to the infrastructure-independent capability of MANET, but with no proper centralized monitoring process, which makes routing in MANETs with respect to the security and trust a major issue. Thus, the paper introduces Advanced Encryption Standard-enabled Trust-based Secure Routing protocol based on the proposed Dolphin Cat Optimizer (AES-TDCO), which is an energy and trust-aware routing protocol. The proposed Dolphin Cat Optimizer is engaged in the optimal route selection based on the modeled objective function based on the trust factors, recent trust, historical trust, direct and indirect trust in addition to delay, distance and link lifetime. The Dolphin Cat Optimizer is the integration of Dolphin Echolocation and Cat Swarm Optimization algorithm that inherits the faster global convergence. The simulation using 75 nodes revealed that the proposed routing protocol acquired the maximal throughput, minimal delay, minimal packet drop and detection rate of 0.6531, 0.0107, 0.3267 and 0.9898 in the absence of network attacks and 0.7693, 0.0112, 0.3605 and 0.9961 in the presence of the network attacks.
Dropout with Tabu Strategy for Regularizing Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Ma Zongjie , Sattar Abdul , Zhou Jun , Chen Qingliang , Su Kaile 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Dropout has been proven to be an effective technique for regularizing and preventing the co-adaptation of neurons in deep neural networks (DNN). It randomly drops units with a probability of p during the training stage of DNN to avoid overfitting. The working mechanism of dropout can be interpreted as approximately and exponentially combining many different neural network architectures efficiently, leading to a powerful ensemble. In this work, we propose a novel diversification strategy for dropout, which aims at generating more different neural network architectures in less numbers of iterations. The dropped units in the last forward propagation will be marked. Then the selected units for dropping in the current forward propagation will be retained if they have been marked in the last forward propagation, i.e., we only mark the units from the last forward propagation. We call this new regularization scheme Tabu dropout, whose significance lies in that it does not have extra parameters compared with the standard dropout strategy and is computationally efficient as well. Experiments conducted on four public datasets show that Tabu dropout improves the performance of the standard dropout, yielding better generalization capability.
Predictors of 18F-sodium fluoride uptake in patients with stable coronary artery disease and adverse plaque features on computed tomography angiography
Authors: Kwiecinski Jacek , Dey Damini , Cadet Sebastien , Lee Sang-Eun , Tamarappoo Balaji , Otaki Yuka , Huynh Phi T , Friedman John D , Dweck Mark R , Newby David E , Yun Mijin , Chang Hyuk-Jae , Slomka Piotr J , Berman Daniel S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
In patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and high-risk plaques (HRPs) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), we sought to define qualitative and quantitative CTA predictors of abnormal coronary 18F-sodium fluoride uptake (18F-NaF) by positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods and results
Patients undergoing coronary CTA were screened for HRP. Those who presented with ≥3 CTA adverse plaque features (APFs) including positive remodelling; low attenuation plaque (LAP, &lt;30 HU), spotty calcification; obstructive coronary stenosis ≥50%; plaque volume &gt;100 mm3 were recruited for 18F-NaF PET. In lesions with stenosis ≥25%, quantitative plaque analysis and maximum 18F-NaF target to background ratios (TBRs) were measured. Of 55 patients, 35 (64%) manifested coronary 18F-NaF uptake. Of 68 high-risk lesions 49 (70%) had increased PET tracer activity. Of the APFs, LAP had the highest sensitivity (39.4%) and specificity (98.3%) for predicting 18F-NaF uptake. TBR values were higher in lesions with LAP compared to those without [1.6 (1.3–1.8) vs. 1.1 (1.0–1.3), P = 0.01]. On adjusted multivariable regression analysis, LAP (both qualitative and quantitative) was independently associated with plaque TBR [LAP qualitative: β = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.65; P &lt; 0.001] and (LAP volume: β = 0.20 per 10 mm3, 95% CI 0.13–0.27; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
In stable CAD patients with HRP, LAP is predictive of 18F-NaF coronary uptake, but 18F-NaF is often seen in the absence of LAP. If 18F-NaF uptake is shown to be associated with adverse outcomes and becomes clinically used, the presence of LAP may define patients who would not benefit from the added testing.
Biocontrol effect of Kluyveromyces lactis on aflatoxin expression and production in Aspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Ghanbari Rooholla , Rezaie Sassan , Noorbakhsh Fatemeh , Khaniki Gholamreza Jahed , Soleimani Mina , Aghaee Ebrahim Molaee 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aspergillus parasiticus is one of the most common fungi able to produce aflatoxins, which are naturally occurring carcinogenic substances. This study evaluated the effects of the safe yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis, on fungal growth, aflatoxin production and expression of aflR gene in A. parasiticus. Antifungal susceptibility was evaluated by exposing A. parasiticus to different amounts of K. lactis, and aflatoxin production was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Expression of the aflR gene was determined by measuring the cognate aflR mRNA level by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The growth of A. parasiticus was inhibited by 7 days of incubation at 30°C with a minimum population of 1.5 × 105 CFU/ml of K. lactis, which also suppressed expression of the A. parasiticus aflR gene, reducing the total production of aflatoxins by 97.9% and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 by 97.8, 98.6, 98 and 94%, respectively. Accordingly, K. lactis could be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against toxigenic molds in food and animal feed.
Not all animals need a microbiome
Authors: Hammer Tobin J , Sanders Jon G , Fierer Noah 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIt is often taken for granted that all animals host and depend upon a microbiome, yet this has only been shown for a small proportion of species. We propose that animals span a continuum of reliance on microbial symbionts. At one end are the famously symbiont-dependent species such as aphids, humans, corals and cows, in which microbes are abundant and important to host fitness. In the middle are species that may tolerate some microbial colonization but are only minimally or facultatively dependent. At the other end are species that lack beneficial symbionts altogether. While their existence may seem improbable, animals are capable of limiting microbial growth in and on their bodies, and a microbially independent lifestyle may be favored by selection under some circumstances. There is already evidence for several ‘microbiome-free’ lineages that represent distantly related branches in the animal phylogeny. We discuss why these animals have received such little attention, highlighting the potential for contaminants, transients, and parasites to masquerade as beneficial symbionts. We also suggest ways to explore microbiomes that address the limitations of DNA sequencing. We call for further research on microbiome-free taxa to provide a more complete understanding of the ecology and evolution of macrobe-microbe interactions.
Schizosaccharomyces osmophilus sp. nov., an osmophilic fission yeast occurring in bee bread of different solitary bee species
Authors: Brysch-Herzberg Michael , Tobias Andrea , Seidel Martin , Wittmann Rupert , Wohlmann Elke , Fischer Reinhard , Dlauchy Dénes , Peter Gabor 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Eight yeast strains that asexually reproduce by cell fission were isolated from bee bread of different solitary bees in Germany. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the strains shared the same sequence in the D1/D2 domain of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene with a strain that was previously isolated from a fig snack from Spain. The closest related type strain was that of Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, which showed 98.2% sequence similarity (11 substitutions) with the new strains. By clone sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) a total of nine different copy types were identified. The new strains differed from S. octosporus by approximately 31% in the ITS region. Sequence analysis of the RNAse P gene further supported the description of a new species. The strains isolated during this study show some phenotypic characteristics that separate them from the closest related species, S. octosporus and S. cryophilus. Since all strains showed true osmophily the name of the new species is S. osmophilus (holotype: CBS 15793T; isotype: CLIB 3267 T = NCAIM Y.02225 T, MycoBank no.: MB829586).
A National Longitudinal Study of Partnered Sex, Relationship Quality, and Mental Health Among Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We worked from a life course perspective to examine the relationship between partnered sex and older adults’ trajectories of mental health as well as the potential mediating role of relationship quality in this association.

Method
We analyzed nationally representative data from three waves of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2005/2006 to 2015/2016). The sample included 1,911 married and cohabiting respondents aged 57 to 85 at the baseline survey. We examined four factors related to partnered sex: being sexually active, sexual frequency, feeling okay with sexual frequency, and sexual quality. Mental health was measured by self-rated poor mental health, unhappiness, and psychological distress. The relationship quality measures considered both relationship support and relationship strain.

Results
Results from mixed-effects models suggest that being sexually active, having sex more frequently, feeling okay with sexual frequency, and reporting better sexual quality were all related to better mental health outcomes. Relationship quality partially explained the effects of sex on mental health.

Discussion
This study highlights the importance of sex for mental health and relationship quality among older adults. The findings have implications for health policy and programs that seek to promote healthy aging.
Vertical land motion in the Southwest and Central Pacific from available GNSS solutions and implications for relative sea levels
Authors: Ballu Valérie , Gravelle Médéric , Wöppelmann Guy , de Viron Olivier , Rebischung Paul , Becker Mélanie , Sakic Pierre 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYCoastal populations are impacted by relative sea level variations, which consist both of absolute sea level variations and of vertical land motions. This paper focuses on the Southwest and Central Pacific region, a recognized vulnerable region to sea level rise and where a large range of vertical land motion dynamics is observed. We analyse vertical displacement rates obtained from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) by different analysis centres. We study the role played by modelled parameters, such as step discontinuities (due to equipment changes, earthquakes, etc.), in the position time-series analysis. We propose a new modelling approach based on a joint inversion of GNSS position time-series from different analysis centres. The final uncertainty on the vertical land motion rates is estimated as a combination of the uncertainty due to the GNSS data processing itself and the uncertainty due to the stability of the reference frame in which the GNSS data are expressed. We find that the dominant trend in the Southwest and Central Pacific is a moderate subsidence, with an average rate of −1.1 mm yr–1, but significant variations are observed, with displacement rates varying from an uplift of 1.6 ± 0.3 mm yr–1 to a subsidence of −5.4 ± 0.3 mm yr–1. Taking into account the geodynamic context, we assess, for each station, the relevance of current estimates of linear vertical displacement rate and uncertainty for forecasting future coastal sea levels.
Towards health equity and social justice: an applied framework of decolonization in health promotion
Authors: Chandanabhumma P Paul , Narasimhan Subasri 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The pursuit of health equity and social justice lie at the heart of community-empowered health promotion practice. However, there is a need to address the colonial legacy and its contributions to health inequities. The process of decolonization is essential to eliminating the mechanisms that contributed to such inequities. To this end, we propose an Applied Decolonial Framework for Health Promotion that integrates decolonial processes into health promotion practice. We present characteristics of the framework, its values for health promotion transformations and considerations for using the framework in health promotion practice. The framework will help health promotion stakeholders attend to colonizing structures within the field and engage with communities to achieve social justice and health equity.
Utility of radiation-free imaging for initial evaluation of pectus excavatum
Authors: Scalabre Aurélien , Maniouloux Floriane , Vermersch Sophie , Patoir Arnaud , Haddad Elie , Lopez Manuel , Varlet François , Tiffet Olivier 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The OrtenBodyOne scanner is a radiation-free, 3-dimensional imaging system recently developed for evaluation of the severity of pectus excavatum (PE). The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of this new imaging system compared with that of computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of the severity of PE.

METHODS
Patients treated for PE from April 2015 to January 2017 with available CT and OrtenBodyOne data were included. Correlations between indexes calculated from CT and from OrtenBodyOne were determined by applying the non-parametric Spearman correlation procedure with a Bonferroni correction to adjust for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS
Forty men (90.9%) and 4 women (9.1%), 20 with symmetrical (45.5%) and 24 with asymmetrical PE (54.5%), were included. The median age was 16.1 years (range 4.3–63.5 years). The following measures and indexes acquired using OrtenBodyOne and CT were significantly correlated: pectus depth (r = 0.84; P = 0.002), anthropometric index (r = 0.81; P = 0.002) and asymmetry index (r = 0.67; P = 0.002). The correlation between the CT Haller index and the external Haller index was only significant for symmetrical PE (r = 0.57; P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS
The OrtenBodyOne imaging system can be used to evaluate the severity of symmetrical PE using the external Haller index. Asymmetry and anthropometric indexes are more reliable for the evaluation of asymmetrical PE. Measures can be repeated throughout treatment while avoiding unnecessary irradiation.