bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’histoire plastique, entre standards et braconnages
Authors: Charpy Manuel 
Published: May 2019

« Playmobil, En route, on va chercher l’histoire ! » : l’étrange slogan publicitaire de la marque de figurines en plastique dit toutes les ambiguïtés de son rapport à l’histoire. Depuis sa création, en 1974, à Dietenhofen, la marque prend soin de présenter une histoire apaisée, voire de contourner l’histoire. Il faut dire que Dietenhofen est situé à quelques kilomètres de Nuremberg, à la fois capitale du jouet, au moins depuis le début du xix e siècle, et capitale culturelle du III e Reich avant de devenir le lieu du procès. Playmobil joue des figures de guerriers, mais se tient avec soin aux histoires lointaines, dans l’espace comme dans le temps : chevaliers du Moyen Âge, Indiens évoquant Winnetou , cow-boys et soldats Nordistes... Alors, pourquoi la firme, qui a vendu environ 2,5 milliards de figurines, publie-t-elle une charte interdisant d’évoquer avec ces jouets des scènes de guerre, en particulier de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ? C’est qu’en réalité, quasiment tous les week-ends de l’année se tiennent des expositions, le plus souvent dans des gymnases de petites villes en périphérie des métropoles. Les « playmodélistes », ces adultes, en général issus des milieux ouvriers, bricolent ces figurines en thermoplastique pour reconstituer des scènes, le plus souvent historiques, dans des sortes de dioramas. Évidente manière de s’approprier ensemble l’histoire et l’industrie, ces pratiques mettent au défi une entreprise qui ne cesse de poursuivre les « playmodélistes ». Mais à leurs yeux, ils ne font que jouer à l’histoire avec des objets dont ils sont détenteurs car venus de leur enfance.
Exposer le comique à l’époque communiste : la Maison de l’humour et de la satire de Gabrovo (Bulgarie)
Authors: Polimenova Zinaïda , Tillier Bertrand 
Published: May 2019

Dans la Bulgarie communiste des années 1970, une Maison de l’humour et de la satire est fondée à Gabrovo, sous l’autorité du pouvoir central et des autorités locales. L’article analyse les ambitions locales, régionales, nationales et internationales assignées à cette institution culturelle et touristique, dans le cadre de la planification soviétique. Les auteurs présentent l’histoire et la teneur des fonds et collections de ce lieu total qui a survécu à la chute du communisme et qui existe encore aujourd’hui. Ils en montrent les ambiguïtés et les arrangements idéologiques, autour d’un objet matériel et immatériel – le comique – et de questions aussi complexes que sensibles : comment et pourquoi patrimonialiser, conserver et exposer le rire dans un régime totalitaire, puis à l’heure de la démocratie ?
La transgression au compte-fils
Authors: Pernoud Emmanuel 
Published: May 2019

La grande majorité des gravures signées par le surréaliste Hans Bellmer ne furent pas réalisées par lui-même mais par la graveuse Cécile Reims. Gardé secret, ce doublage finit par être révélé et valut à la « main » de Bellmer d’être reconnue comme auteure des gravures. Le présent article entend retracer les étapes de ce dévoilement et en comprendre le mécanisme, en le replaçant dans le contexte du marché de l’estampe où les pratiques du métier contredisent l’échelle des valeurs artistiques dominantes et doivent, en conséquence, rester confidentielles ou entourées de brouillard. À la faveur de cette étude de cas, il s’agit également de montrer comment peut s’établir une forme de relation créative entre l’auteur et sa doublure qui prend le contre-pied de l’esthétique autonomiste et émancipatoire héritée des avant-gardes, en misant sur une dépendance mutuelle dont Cécile Reims a su admirablement déchiffrer le fonctionnement.
Traits d’humour, ou l’ironie du trait chez André Franquin, Marion Montaigne et Christophe Blain
Authors: Robert Pascal 
Published: May 2019

Comme il y a une ironie du sort, il y aurait une ironie de l’objet voire une ironie du trait, une véritable ironie graphique. Les choses se renversent, se tortillent, s’enroulent, font des nœuds ou font retour et cela se voit parce que le trait le donne à voir. Franquin en est l’un des maîtres : son coup de crayon (mais aussi de pinceau ou de plume) n’est pas neutre en l’affaire. Pas plus qu’il ne l’est chez Marion Montaigne ou Christophe Blain. Je voudrais montrer ici, sur le corpus a priori quelque peu arbitraire de ces trois auteurs, que le dessin est porteur lui aussi, en tant que tel, c’est-à-dire au-delà ou en deçà même du scénario, d’une aptitude à produire de l’humour, notamment grâce à une logique de l’ironie qui lui est propre et qui engendre un véritable trait d’humour. Chacun de ces trois auteurs permettra d’en décliner une version différente dans la perspective d’une sémiotique de la matérialité, attentive au geste même du dessin.
Online appendix 1:Plant communities of the uMlalazi Nature Reserve and their contribution to conservation in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Zungu Nqobile S. , Mostert Theo H.C. , Mostert Rachel E. 
Published: May 2019

Vegetation research is an important tool for the simplified and effective identification, management and conservation of the very complex ecosystems underlying them. Plant community descriptions offer scientists a summary and surrogate of all the biotic and abiotic factors shaping and driving ecosystems. The aim of this study was to identify, describe and map the plant communities within the uMlalazi Nature Reserve. A total of 149 vegetation plots were sampled using the Braun-Blanquet technique. Thirteen plant communities were identified using a combination of numeric classification (modified Two-way-Indicator Species Analysis) and ordination (non-metric multidimensional scaling). These communities were described in terms of their structure, floristic composition and distribution. An indirect gradient analysis of the ordination results was conducted to investigate the relationship between plant communities and their potentially important underlying environmental drivers. Based on the results, the floristic conservation importance of each plant community was discussed to provide some means to evaluate the relative contribution of the reserve to regional ecosystem conservation targets.Conservation implications: The uMlalazi Nature Reserve represents numerous ecosystems that are disappearing from a rapidly transforming landscape outside of formally protected areas in Zululand. The descriptions of the plant communities of these relatively pristine ecosystems provide conservation authorities with inventories and benchmarks with which the ecological health of similar ecosystems in the region can be measured.
Sensitivity of Arctic sulfate aerosol and clouds to changes in future surface seawater dimethylsulfide concentrations
Authors: Mahmood Rashed , von Salzen Knut , Norman Ann-Lise , Galí Martí , Levasseur Maurice 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Dimethylsulfide (DMS), outgassed from ocean waters, plays an
important role in the climate system, as it oxidizes to methane sulfonic
acid (MSA) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), which can lead to the formation of
sulfate aerosol. Newly formed sulfate aerosol resulting from DMS oxidation
may grow by condensation of gases, in-cloud oxidation, and coagulation to
sizes where they may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and influence
cloud properties. Under future global warming conditions, sea ice in the
Arctic region is expected to decline significantly, which may lead to
increased emissions of DMS from the open ocean and changes in cloud regimes.
In this study we evaluate impacts of DMS on Arctic sulfate aerosol budget,
changes in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), and cloud radiative
forcing in the Arctic region under current and future sea ice conditions
using an atmospheric global climate model. Given that future DMS
concentrations are highly uncertain, several simulations with different
surface seawater DMS concentrations and spatial distributions in the Arctic
were performed in order to determine the sensitivity of sulfate aerosol
budgets, CDNC, and cloud radiative forcing to Arctic surface seawater DMS
concentrations. For any given amount and distribution of Arctic surface
seawater DMS, similar amounts of sulfate are produced by oxidation of DMS
in 2000 and 2050 despite large increases in DMS emission in the latter period
due to sea ice retreat in the simulations. This relatively low sensitivity
of sulfate burden is related to enhanced sulfate wet removal by
precipitation in 2050. However simulated aerosol nucleation rates are higher
in 2050, which results in an overall increase in CDNC and substantially more
negative cloud radiative forcing. Thus potential future reductions in sea
ice extent may cause cloud albedos to increase, resulting in a negative
climate feedback on radiative forcing in the Arctic associated with ocean DMS emissions.
Evaluating the Online Presence of Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Earp Brandon E. , Kuo Kristen , Shoji Marissa K. , Mora Ariana N. , Benavent Kyra A. , Blazar Philip E. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize the professional and educational information provided online by US orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) membership directory was used to randomly select 1% of physicians from each state. Name, sex, state, and date of membership were recorded from the AAOS online public membership directory. A Google search was conducted for each member of this cohort. Specific data gathered from each website included practice type, physician subspecialty, website focus (commercial or educational), and the quality of patient education presented were evaluated.

Results:
The cohort consisted of 246 orthopaedic surgeons, including 93.1% men and 6.9% women. The AAOS membership duration was less than 10 years for 48.0% of surgeons, 11 to 20 years for 28.9% of surgeons, and greater than 20 years for 23.2% of surgeons. At least one online profile was found for 94.3% of orthopaedic surgeons. Most surgeons, 66.8%, were identified as belonging to a group or solo private practice, although nearly half (48.7%) of all surgeons were also based out of a hospital. Most website profiles, 62.5%, were found to have an intermediate level of educational content, whereas 18.1% of website profiles did not provide any.

Discussion:
The clear majority of US-based orthopaedic surgeons have a professional presence online. Focus on social media or educational content differs regionally, but not based on years in practice.

Level of Evidence:
Level V, prognostic
El movimiento por la planificación familiar en Murcia y el acceso de las mujeres a la anticoncepción, 1976-1980
Authors: Castejón Bolea Ramón 
Published: May 2019

Durante la década de 1970 se constituyó en España un movimiento social por la planificación familiar. En este proceso confluyeron intereses sociales, políticos y científico-sanitarios cuyos resultados fueron la despenalización de los anticonceptivos, prohibidos en España desde 1941, y el desarrollo de infraestructuras que facilitaran su accesibilidad a todas las mujeres. Una de las características de este proceso fue la diversidad regional de modelos en el origen, desarrollo y consolidación de los centros de planificación familiar. La investigación que se propone pretende describir y analizar el caso de la Región de Murcia como ejemplo de este proceso en la periferia española, con sus singularidades y similitudes en el contexto nacional. El estudio se centra en el periodo 1976-1980, dentro de la primera fase del movimiento de planificación familiar en nuestro país cuando se consigue la legalización de todos los métodos anticonceptivos.
During the 1970’s a social movement for family planning began in Spain. Social, political and health science interests came together, resulting in the decriminalization of contraceptives which had been forbidden in Spain since 1941, and in the development of infrastructures which facilitated the access of all women to them. One aspect that characterized this process was the regional diversity of the models regarding the origin, development and consolidation of the family planning centers. The proposed research seeks to describe and analyze the case of the Region of Murcia as an example of this process in the Spanish periphery, with its singularities and similarities within the national context. The study focuses on the period between 1976 and 1980 within the first phase of the family planning movement in our country, when the legalization of all contraceptive methods is achieved.
La Fuente del Alacrán (Los Brianes, Corvera): De manantial de uso público a mina privada
Authors: Castejón Porcel Gregorio , Rabal Saura Gregorio 
Published: May 2019

Analizamos las características físicas e históricas del tradicional aprovechamiento humano y agropecuario de la Fuente del Alacrán, surgencia que se localizaba al norte del caserío de Los Brianes del Partido de Corvera (Murcia), en el lecho de la llamada Rambla del Escobedo, antaño conocida como Rambla de la Fuente del Alacrán. Las evidencias físicas, apreciadas mediante el trabajo de campo, manifiestan la presencia de hasta cuatro sistemas distintos de aprovisionamiento de agua en el citado cauce desde hace siglos. Sin embargo, aunque se abordan todas las canalizaciones halladas, por la mejor conservación de la obra y la mayor disponibilidad de documentación histórica, se estudia aquí fundamentalmente la que se corresponde con una mina de agua construida a mitad del siglo XIX por Nicolás Dato Rosique como método de abastecimiento de su hacienda de Los Brianes. De este modo, se añade al inventario regional otro sistema tradicional de captación de aguas subálveas en medios semiáridos en los que las galerías subterráneas, con o sin lumbreras, completaban los escasos recursos hídricos existentes.
We analyze the physical and historical characteristics of the traditional human and agricultural use of the Fuente del Alacrán, a water source that was located north of the hamlet of Los Brianes in the Corvera district (Murcia), on the bed of the so-called Rambla del Escobedo, once known as Rambla de la Fuente del Alacrán. The physical evidence appreciated through fieldwork shows the presence of up to four different systems of water supply in the aforementioned riverbed for centuries. However, although all the channellings found are addressed, due to the better conservation of the work and the greater availability of historical documentation, we study here fundamentally the one that corresponds to a water mine built in the middle of the 19th century by Nicolás Dato Rosique as supply method of his state in Los Brianes. In this way, it is added to the regional inventory another traditional system for capturing sub-surface waters in semi-arid environments where the underground galleries, with or without luminaries, completed the scarce water resources.
El ciclo pictórico del Colegio de Teólogos de San Isidoro de Murcia atribuido a Vicente Inglés
Authors: Martínez Cavero Pedro 
Published: May 2019

El Colegio de Teólogos de San Isidoro es una de las fundaciones realizadas en la ciudad de Murcia por el cardenal Luis Belluga en el siglo XVIII. Para ornamento de la capilla del Colegio se concibió un ciclo pictórico, atribuido al pintor valenciano Vicente Inglés, realizado a mediados del siglo XVIII. Tras la desamortización del edificio, este legado pasó a formar parte del patrimonio del Instituto Provincial de Segunda Enseñanza de Murcia y hoy se conserva en la sede del Instituto Alfonso X el Sabio.
The College of Theologians of Saint Isidore is one of the foundations carried out by Cardinal Luis Belluga in the city of Murcia in the 18th century. A cycle of paintings attributed to the Valencian painter Vicente Inglés was conceived in the mid-18th to decorate the College chapel. After the confiscation of the building, this artistic legacy became part of the heritage of the Provincial Institute of Second Education of Murcia and nowadays it is preserved in the Alfonso X el SabioSecondary Institute.
Retrospective correlation analysis of plasma Immunoglobulin G and clinical performance in CIDP
Authors: Markvardsen Lars Kjøbsted , Bruun-Sørensen Stine , Christiansen Ingelise , Andersen Henning 
Published: May 2019

Background
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) can be successfully treated with immunoglobulin either intravenously (IVIG) or subcutaneously (SCIG). Measurement of plasma immunoglobulin G levels (P-IgG) and its correlation to clinical improvement has shown conflicting results. This study aims to clarify whether changes in P-IgG are related to clinical development in patients with CIDP treated with IVIG or SCIG.

Methods
Patients from five previous studies treated with either IVIG or SCIG with evaluation at baseline and re-evaluation after two or 10/12 weeks, respectively were included. At evaluation and re-evaluation, the following tests were done: combined isokinetic muscle strength (cIKS), grip strength, 9-hole-peg test (9-HPT), 40-meter-walk test (40-MWT), clinical examination of muscle strength score by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and measurement of plasma immunoglobulin G (P-IgG).

Results
Fifty-five patients were included in the IVIG group and 41 in the SCIG group. There was no correlation between the changes in P-IgG and cIKS in neither the IVIG group (r = 0.137, p = 0.32) nor the SCIG group (r = − 0.048, p = 0.77). Similarly, no correlations could be demonstrated between P-IgG and grip strength, 9-HPT, 40-MWT or MRC.

Conclusions
In patients with CIDP receiving SCIG or IVIG, changes in P-IgG during treatment did not correlate with changes in muscle strength or other motor performance skills.
Liquid Bacillus subtilis Formulation in Rice for the Control of Meloidogyne javanica and Lettuce Improvement
Authors: Lopes Elisete Pedreira , Ribeiro Regina Cássia Ferreira , Xavier Adelica Aparecida , Castro Marcelly Thais de , Alves Renato Martins , Martins Maria Josiane , Almeida Lorena Gracielly de , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Neto José Augusto Dos Santos 
Published: May 2019

Aim: To develop a liquid formulation based on Bacillus subtilis-34 using rice to evaluate the shelf life under refrigerated and room conditions and to evaluate the effect of different addition times of the formulation on the control of Meloidogyne javanica and growth of lettuce plants.
Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized, with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Scott Knott test with 5% error probability.
Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from 02/13/2018 to 03/20/2018 in a greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil.
Methodology: Treatments consisted of drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days; drench in the substrate of tubes at 8 and 15 days and in pot at 25 and 35 days; irrigation in pot only at 25 and 35 days after transplanting and 2 controls (Onix® and absolute control). All pots with plants were inoculated with 5000 nematode eggs. At 45 days of transplanting, the following nematological variables were evaluated: number of galls, number of egg mass, number of eggs per gram and reproduction factor, and agronomic variables fresh and dry biomass.
Results: Additions in the tube and pot and in the pot only were efficient for the reduction in the reproduction of M. javanica and for the improvement of lettuce plant growth.
Conclusion: B. subtilis-34 remains viable until 9 months in formulation stored under the refrigerator and up to 7 months under room conditions.
Fibroblast growth factor signals regulate transforming growth factor‐β‐induced endothelial‐to‐myofibroblast transition of tumor endothelial cells via Elk1
Authors: Akatsu Yuichi , Takahashi Naoya , Yoshimatsu Yasuhiro , Kimuro Shiori , Muramatsu Tomoki , Katsura Akihiro , Maishi Nako , Suzuki Hiroshi I. , Inazawa Johji , Hida Kyoko , Miyazono Kohei , Watabe Tetsuro 
Published: May 2019

The tumor microenvironment contains various components, including cancer cells, tumor vessels, and cancer‐associated fibroblasts, the latter of which are comprised of tumor‐promoting myofibroblasts and tumor‐suppressing fibroblasts. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) induces the formation of myofibroblasts and other types of mesenchymal (non‐myofibroblastic) cells from endothelial cells. Recent reports show that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) modulates TGF‐β‐induced mesenchymal transition of endothelial cells, but the molecular mechanisms behind the signals that control transcriptional networks during the formation of different groups of fibroblasts remain largely unclear. Here, we studied the roles of FGF2 during the regulation of TGF‐β‐induced mesenchymal transition of tumor endothelial cells (TECs). We demonstrated that auto/paracrine FGF signals in TECs inhibit TGF‐β‐induced endothelial‐to‐myofibroblast transition (End‐MyoT), leading to suppressed formation of contractile myofibroblast cells, but on the other hand can also collaborate with TGF‐β in promoting the formation of active fibroblastic cells which have migratory and proliferative properties. FGF2 modulated TGF‐β‐induced formation of myofibroblastic and non‐myofibroblastic cells from TECs via transcriptional regulation of various mesenchymal markers and growth factors. Furthermore, we observed that TECs treated with TGF‐β were more competent in promoting in vivo tumor growth than TECs treated with TGF‐β and FGF2. Mechanistically, we showed that Elk1 mediated FGF2‐induced inhibition of End‐MyoT via inhibition of TGF‐β‐induced transcriptional activation of α‐smooth muscle actin promoter by myocardin‐related transcription factor‐A. Our data suggest that TGF‐β and FGF2 oppose and cooperate with each other during the formation of myofibroblastic and non‐myofibroblastic cells from TECs, which in turn determines the characteristics of mesenchymal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Disposable Sensors in Diagnostics, Food, and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Dincer Can , Bruch Richard , Costa‐Rama Estefanía , Fernández‐Abedul Maria Teresa , Merkoçi Arben , Manz Andreas , Urban Gerald Anton , Güder Firat 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDisposable sensors are low‐cost and easy‐to‐use sensing devices intended for short‐term or rapid single‐point measurements. The growing demand for fast, accessible, and reliable information in a vastly connected world makes disposable sensors increasingly important. The areas of application for such devices are numerous, ranging from pharmaceutical, agricultural, environmental, forensic, and food sciences to wearables and clinical diagnostics, especially in resource‐limited settings. The capabilities of disposable sensors can extend beyond measuring traditional physical quantities (for example, temperature or pressure); they can provide critical chemical and biological information (chemo‐ and biosensors) that can be digitized and made available to users and centralized/decentralized facilities for data storage, remotely. These features could pave the way for new classes of low‐cost systems for health, food, and environmental monitoring that can democratize sensing across the globe. Here, a brief insight into the materials and basics of sensors (methods of transduction, molecular recognition, and amplification) is provided followed by a comprehensive and critical overview of the disposable sensors currently used for medical diagnostics, food, and environmental analysis. Finally, views on how the field of disposable sensing devices will continue its evolution are discussed, including the future trends, challenges, and opportunities.