bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infantile Acute Conjunctivitis Induced by β-Lactamase–Positive Amoxicillin–Clavulanate–Resistant Strain of Haemophilus influenzae: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Inada Noriko , Shoji Jun , Yamagami Satoru 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
This study is a retrospectively recruited case series. We report three infants with acute conjunctivitis induced by β-lactamase–positive, ampicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae (BLPACR). Patients with BLPACR-positive cultures were recruited from among 5,107 patients with inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface who underwent examinations, including bacterial culturing of conjunctival sac or corneal scrapings, between 2000 and 2015. Three BLPACR-positive patients were recruited, including a 10-month-old boy, a 4-month-old girl, and a 7-month-old girl. All three demonstrated BLPACR conjunctivitis. The clinical findings in these patients included fever, mucopurulent discharge, lid swelling, and conjunctival hyperemia. Samples of conjunctival swabs were obtained from all three infants, and BLPACR was isolated from all these conjunctival swabs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to levofloxacin and resistance to ampicillin, cefaclor, and clarithromycin. We conclude that in infantile BLPACR conjunctivitis, simultaneous investigation for the determination of causative organism and antibiotic susceptibility testing are crucial aspects of the medical treatment.
Factors Associated With Hospices’ Nonparticipation in Medicare’s Hospice Compare Public Reporting Program
Authors: Hsu Sylvia H. , Hung Peiyin , Wang Shi-Yi 
Published: November 2018

Background:
To enhance the quality of hospice care and to facilitate consumers’ choices, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) began the Hospice Quality Reporting Program, in which CMS posted the quality measures of participating hospices on its reporting website, Hospice Compare. Little is known about the participation rate and the types of nonparticipating hospices.

Objective:
To examine the factors associated with hospices’ nonparticipation in Hospice Compare.

Research Design:
We analyzed data from the CMS 2016 Hospice Compare. “Nonparticipants” were those who did not submit any quality measure. With the data of the Provider of Service file, the Healthcare Cost Report Information System, and the Area Health Resources File, multivariate logistic regressions estimated the association between nonparticipants and hospice and market characteristics, including ownership, size, nurse staffing ratio, and market competition intensity.

Results:
Among the 4123 certified hospices subject to penalty from nonparticipation, 259 did not participate in Hospice Compare. California, New Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming had participation rates lower than 80%. Hospices that were for-profit, had no accreditation, had few nurses per patient day, provided no inpatient care, and were located in competitive markets were less likely to participate than other hospices.

Conclusions:

Hospice Compare successfully motivated hospice in participating in the quality report program in most of states. For-profit hospices, hospices with less quality, and hospices located in competitive markets were less likely to participate. Further research is warranted to examine the quality of these nonparticipants, especially in the 4 states with a lower participation rate.
Timing of Antibiotic Administration in Pediatric Sepsis
Authors: Creedon Jessica K. , Vargas Sigella , Asaro Lisa A. , Wypij David , Paul Raina , Melendez Elliot 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
Antibiotic administration within 1 hour of hypotension has been shown to reduce mortality. It is unknown whether antibiotics before hypotension in children who eventually meet criteria for septic shock improves outcomes. This study assesses whether antibiotic timing from the time of meeting criteria for sepsis in children with septic shock impacts morbidity and mortality.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of children 18 years or younger presenting to a tertiary free-standing children's hospital emergency department with sepsis that subsequently progressed to septic shock and were admitted to an intensive care unit from 2008 to 2012. The time when the patient met criteria for sepsis to the time of first antibiotic administration was assessed and correlated with patient morbidity and mortality.

Results
Among 135 children (median age, 13.1 years), 34 (25%) were previously healthy, whereas 49 (36%) had 2 or more medical comorbidities. Twenty-seven children (20%) had positive blood cultures, 17 (13%) had positive urine cultures, and 34 (25%) had chest x-ray findings that were interpreted as pneumonia. Among the 42 (31%) with antibiotics within 1 hour from criteria for sepsis, there was higher mortality (4/42 vs 0/93, P = 0.009), more organ dysfunction, longer time on a vasoactive infusion, and increased intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Children with criteria for sepsis who subsequently progressed to septic shock who received antibiotics within 1 hour of meeting sepsis criteria had increased mortality, length of stay, and organ dysfunction.
Psychosocial Support in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Penn Anthony , Kuperberg Aura 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Various forms of psychosocial support have been suggested in working with adolescents and young adults (AYAs) as they attempt to cope with cancer, including peer-based interventions, individual psychoeducational counseling, and skill-based interventions. More recently, modern electronic applications created technology-based ways to deliver information and support and have grown in popularity to satisfy AYA needs for information and support. Such support should be offered routinely rather than in a response to a crisis. This article focuses on psychosocial interventions for AYAs aged 15 to 39 years with cancer at diagnosis, during treatment, and shortly after.
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Biology
Authors: Tricoli James V. , Bleyer Archie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer have not attained the same improvements in overall survival as either younger children or older adults. One possible reason for this disparity may be that the AYA cancers exhibit unique biologic characteristics, resulting in differences in clinical and treatment resistance behaviors. Our current understanding of the unique biological/genomic characteristics of AYA cancers is limited. However, there has been some progress that has provided clues about the biology of AYA cancers. We here review the latest findings in the area of AYA cancer biology and discuss what is required to advance the field for the more effective treatment of this patient population.
Lymphoma in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Hochberg Jessica , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLymphomas in adolescents and young adults represent approximately one quarter of all cancers in this age group. Historically, adolescent and young adult cancer patients represent a unique population with diverging issues surrounding psychosocial hardships/barriers, economics, and lack of standardization of therapeutic approaches.Furthermore, the biologic differences within the adolescent and young adult population seen in various lymphoma subtypes likely play a role in overall outcomes for this group. Without an organized approach to clinical and translational research for adolescent and young adult patients within specialized treatment centers, this population may continue to experience inferior results. Here we look at the current perspectives of adolescent and young adult lymphomas with respect to disease biology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of this unique lymphoma population.
Bone Flap Technique With Piezosurgery for Impacted Teeth Extraction and Bone Cysts Removal Without Additional Fixation
Authors: Akçay Hüseyin , Tatar Birkan , Kuru Keremcan , Gözlüklü Özgür , Ulu Murat 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To explore a new surgical approach for impacted teeth extraction and cystectomy using piezosurgery that provides proper bone healing in normal anatomical structure without additional fixation and graft materials.
In cases with intact and relatively thicker vestibular compact bone, a bone flap design was used with converging osteotomy lines made with piezosurgery tips which allow proper stabilization after enucleation or extraction.
Procedure was performed in 10 patients with 9 to 36 months follow-up resulted in satisfactory healing without any complications.
Comparing to traditional techniques, effective enucleation and accelerated bone regeneration are achieved, with reduced risk of complications, operation time, and costs.
Masseter-to-Facial Nerve Transfer for Reanimation of a Patient With Long-Term Facial Paralysis
Authors: Salmerón-González Enrique , Simón-Sanz Eduardo , García-Vilariño Elena , García-Sánchez Jose María , Ruiz-Cases Alberto 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Facial paralysis is a condition caused by a wide variety of etiologies, including neurologic, congenital, infectious, neoplastic, systemic, and iatrogenic causes. A patient suffering from long-term facial paralysis, with minimal innervation detected through electroneurography, who was successfully reanimated by performing a masseter-to-facial nerve transfer, was presented in this study. Facial paralysis had been caused after resection of an acquired middle ear cholesteatoma more than 5 years before.
Comparison of the Clinical Outcomes of Buccal Advancement Flap Versus Platelet-Rich Fibrin Application for the Immediate Closure of Acute Oroantral Communications
Authors: Bilginaylar Kani 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of buccal advancement flap surgery to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) application for the closure of acute oroantral communications (AOACs). In 36 patients, following the extractions of posterior maxillary teeth, AOACs which were larger than 3 mm diameter were detected. In group A, PRF clots were used in 21 patients and group B, classic buccal advancement flap was used in 15 patients. Baseline variables such as pain, the analgesic doses are taken, and swelling was assessed preoperatively. These were also examined on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7, and patients were seen again in the 3rd week. In group A, statistically significant reduction was examined (P < 0.05) in pain and the analgesic doses are taken (sum of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th days on days 1 and 2) (PRF). The swelling was also significantly less in group A (P < 0.05). The mean duration did not differ between the groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, both methods were successful for the immediate closure of AOACs. However, a lesser amount of pain and no swelling observed with the use of PRF clots for the immediate closure of AOACs compared to buccal advancement flap surgery.
Tympanogram Findings in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Aksit Ates Mehmet , Pektas Emel , Kalcioglu Mahmut Tayyar , Ozkok Abdullah , Tuysuz Ozan , Tekin Muhammet 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The aim of this study is to investigate whether changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure during the hemodialysis (HD) treatment are reflected on tympanometric measurements.

Methods:
The study was performed on 24 HD patients. The static compliance and absorbance values of the patients before and after HD were measured using a wideband tympanometry. The tympanogram tests were performed immediately before and at the end of the HD session.

Results:
The static compliance values of the patients after HD were significantly lower than those before HD. This decrease significantly correlated with the adequacy of dialysis determined by urea reduction rate and Kt/V. The absorbance values showed a decrease in the band 343 and 727 Hz, but no significant difference was found in other frequencies. The static admittance and absorbance values were influenced by the HD process.

Discussion:
This influence might be due to the increase in CSF pressure as a result of the removal of urea from blood during HD session.
Distraction Osteogenesis of Fibula Graft for Mandibular Reconstruction Following Ameloblastoma Ablation
Authors: Xu Luchen , Li Chunjie , Wang Hongning , Zhu Songsong , Li Yunfeng 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Resection of maxillofacial may cause a series of complications such as loss of facial deformity, dysfunction, and psychological distress. Mandibular reconstruction following resection still remains difficult.

Methods:
A 18-year-old male patient with mandibular ameloblastoma was admitted in the hospital of stomatology. The tumor was dissected and the defect was reconstructed using vascularized fibula graft. One year later, distraction osteogenesis (DO) was performed on the fibula graft to augment the alveolar bone for dental implants. Panoramic radiographs, computed tomography, and clinical photographs were taken. Five months after completion of distraction, the distraction device was removed.

Results:
Panoramic radiographs, computed tomography, and clinical photographs showed the good healing after fibula graft for mandibular reconstruction following ameloblastoma ablation and satisfied alveolar bone with good width and height for dental implants after DO.

Conclusions:
This report suggests that DO of fibula graft following mandibular reconstruction was an efficient method to augment the alveolar bone for dental implants.
A Step-by-Step Procedure for Bone Regeneration Using Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds: From Site Preparation to Graft Placement
Authors: Messina Antonello Maria , Marini Luca , Oh Daniel S. , Marini Ettore 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main mineral component of bone and teeth. HA is often used as a bone substitute and especially in its granular form it is osteoconductive and osseointegrating as shown by many investigations in animals and humans. HA granules are used for filling bone defects, but they have poor handling qualities and retention at the surgical site, leading to graft voids between the granules and bone tissue and resulting in mechanical instability. Furthermore HA implantation is not constantly followed by favorable results, especially when it is carried out for augmentation of the alveolar ridge. This article offers a protocol for bone reconstruction and predictable implant treatment outcomes. We provide a step-by-step description of both the recipient site and composite graft preparations using coralline HA granules (CHAG) and homologous fibrin glue (HFG). In the present study, 20 randomly selected patients (12 women and 8 men) underwent bone regeneration using CHAG-HFG before a dental implant procedure. Radiographic imaging, physical examination, and histological analysis were performed during a 2-year period. Biopsies were obtained at second-stage surgery before implant insertion using a 2.8-mm trephine bur. A morphological study of 20 bioptic human specimens was performed. Our results demonstrate that this surgical protocol for the preparation of the recipient site associated with a mixture of coralline HA granules with homologous fibrin glue provides reliable bone regeneration, thus reducing failures and minimizing risks of postoperative morbidity.
Examining the Complicated Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Javaherian Kavon , Newman Brianne M. , Weng Hua , Hassenstab Jason , Xiong Chengjie , Coble Dean , Fagan Anne M. , Benzinger Tammie , Morris John C. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
The relationships between Alzheimer disease (AD), cognitive performance, and depression are poorly understood. It is unclear whether depressive features are a prodrome of AD. In addition, some studies of aging exclude depressed individuals, which may inappropriately limit generalizability. The aim of the present study was to determine whether depressive symptoms affect cognitive function in the context of preclinical AD.

Methods:
Cross-sectional multivariate analysis of participants in a longitudinal study of aging (n=356) that evaluates the influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive function in cognitively normal adults.

Results:
There is no relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive function in those with either no evidence of preclinical AD or biomarker evidence of early-stage preclinical AD. However, in later stages of preclinical AD, the presence of depressive symptoms demonstrated interactive effects, including in episodic memory (0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.62) and global cognitive function (0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.028-0.89).

Conclusions:
The presence of depressive symptoms may be a late prodrome of AD. In addition, studies investigating cognitive function in older adults may not need to exclude participants with depressive symptomology, but may still consider depressive symptoms as a potential confounder in the context of more extensive neuronal injury.
Crack growth in heterogeneous brittle solids: intermittency, crackling and induced seismicity
Authors: Barés Jonathan , Bonamy Daniel 
Published: November 2018

Crack growth is the basic mechanism leading to the failure of brittle materials. Engineering addresses this problem within the framework of continuum mechanics, which links deterministically the crack motion to the applied loading. Such an idealization, however, fails in several situations and in particular cannot capture the highly erratic (earthquake-like) dynamics sometimes observed in slowly fracturing heterogeneous solids. Here, we examine this problem by means of innovative experiments of crack growth in artificial rocks of controlled microstructure. The dynamical events are analysed at both global and local scales, from the time fluctuation of the spatially averaged crack speed and the induced acoustic emission, respectively. Their statistics are characterized and compared with the predictions of a recent approach mapping fracture onset to the depinning of an elastic interface. Finally, the overall time–size organization of the events is characterized to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the scaling laws observed in seismology.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.
Mapping heterogeneities through avalanche statistics
Authors: Biswas Soumyajyoti , Goehring Lucas 
Published: November 2018

Avalanche statistics of various threshold-activated dynamical systems are known to depend on the magnitude of the drive, or stress, on the system. Such dependences exist for earthquake size distributions, in sheared granular avalanches, laboratory-scale fracture and also in the outage statistics of power grids. In this work, we model threshold-activated avalanche dynamics and investigate the time required to detect local variations in the ability of model elements to bear stress. We show that the detection time follows a scaling law where the scaling exponents depend on whether the feature that is sought is either weaker, or stronger, than its surroundings. We then look at earthquake data from Sumatra and California, demonstrate the trade-off between the spatial resolution of a map of earthquake exponents (i.e. theb-values of the Gutenberg–Richter Law) and the accuracy of those exponents, and suggest a means to maximize both.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.
Nature of the high-speed rupture of the two-dimensional Burridge–Knopoff model of earthquakes
Authors: Kawamura Hikaru , Yoshimura Koji , Kakui Shingo 
Published: November 2018

The nature of the high-speed rupture or the main shock of the Burridge–Knopoff spring-block model in two dimensions obeying the rate- and state-dependent friction law is studied by means of extensive computer simulations. It is found that the rupture propagation in larger events is highly anisotropic and irregular in shape on longer length scales, although the model is completely uniform and the emergent rupture-propagation velocity is nearly constant everywhere at the rupture front. The manner of the rupture propagation sometimes mimics the successive ruptures of neighbouring ‘asperities’ observed in real, large earthquakes. Large events tend to be unilateral, with its epicentre lying at the rim of its rupture zone. The epicentre site of a large event is also located next to the rim of the rupture zone of some past event. Event-size distributions are computed and discussed in comparison with those of the corresponding one-dimensional model. The magnitude distribution exhibits a power-law behaviour resembling the Gutenberg–Richter law for smaller magnitudes, which changes over to a more characteristic behaviour for larger magnitudes. For very large events, the rupture-length distribution exhibits mutually different behaviours in one dimension and in two dimensions, reflecting the difference in the underlying geometry.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.
Similarities between mode III crack growth patterns and strike-slip faults
Authors: Cambonie T. , Klinger Y. , Lazarus V. 
Published: November 2018

Why are strike slip faults not perfectly linear but made of successive segments? Are they reminiscences of the fracture of an initially sound crust by the bottom-up propagation of a crack subjected to mode III loading? The plausibility of this newly proposed scenario will be investigated here through model experiments and some theoretical explanations in the framework of brittle fracture.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.
Mechanism of memory effect of paste which dominates desiccation crack patterns
Authors: Nakahara Akio , Hiraoka Tomoki , Hayashi Rokuya , Matsuo Yousuke , Kitsunezaki So 
Published: November 2018

When a densely packed colloidal suspension, called a paste, behaves as plastic fluid, it can remember the direction of its motion it has experienced, such as vibrational motion and flow. These memories kept in paste can be visualized as the morphology of crack patterns that appear when the paste is dried. For example, when a paste remembers the direction of vibrational motion, all primary desiccation cracks propagate in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the vibrational motion that the paste has experienced. On the other hand, when a paste remembers the direction of flow motion, all primary cracks propagate along the flow direction. To find out the mechanism of memory effect of vibration, we perform experiments to rewrite memory in paste by applying additional vibration to the paste along a different direction before the paste is dried. By investigating the process of rewriting memory in paste, we find the competitive phenomena between quasi-linear effect and nonlinear effect, which were studied in each theoretical model based on residual tension theories. That is, at the initial stage of the memory-imprinting process of the vibrational motion, the mechanism predicted by the quasi-linear analysis based on residual tension theory holds, but, as the paste is vibrated repeatedly, the mechanism shown by the nonlinear analysis gradually come to play a dominant role in the memory effect.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Statistical physics of fracture and earthquakes’.