bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-neoplastic findings in colon capsule endoscopy: Additional yield
Authors: Eskemose Sebastian Radic , Kaalby Lasse , Deding Ulrik , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Bjørsum-Meyer Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Despite the common occurrence of non-neoplastic findings (NNFs) in individuals with a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), few studies have reported on these findings. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of colonic NNFs in three cohorts of Danish clinical trial participants who underwent colon capsule endoscopy (CCE).
Patients and methods Retrospectively collecting NNFs from CCE reports of three Danish trials, we classified them into five categories: diverticula, vascular abnormalities, inflammation, erosions/ulcerations, and others. The statistical analysis included 516 participants from three trials, with a mean age ranging from 59.2 to 63.9 years. The participants in the three trials were FIT-positive screening or symptomatic individuals.
Results NNFs were reported in more than half of the CCE procedures (50.6% to 77.9%), with colonic diverticula being the most common NNF appearing in 40.9% to 66.9% of the CCE reports. Vascular abnormalities and erosions/ulcerations were also common depending on the specific trial.
Conclusions NNFs are common and may be an indicator of more widespread disease. Furthermore, NNFs may develop into clinically significant conditions despite their benign appearance. This paper expands on the limited literature about prevalence of NNFs and underscores the additional value of CCE video recordings beyond detecting polyps.
Comparison of Indirect Calorimetry versus Standard Weight-Based Formula in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Dube Surya K. , Roy Hirok , Jena Bhagya R. , Rath Girija P. , Mishra Nitasha , Prasad Kameshwar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Studies performed to calculate metabolic rate in stroke patients have conflicting results. The indirect calorimetry is the gold standard in measuring resting energy expenditure. We compared the intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and outcome in stroke patients receiving enteral nutrition based on energy requirement calculated by either indirect calorimetry or standard weight-based formula.
Methods Twenty ischemic stroke patients of older than 40 years requiring greater than 2 days of mechanical ventilation were prospectively enrolled. Demographic data, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Canadian Neurological Scale, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score were obtained. Patients were randomized to receive enteral nutrition based on energy requirement calculated either by indirect calorimeter (group REEIC) or by standard weight-based measurements (group REEST). Daily ventilatory parameters, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and blood parameters were noted. The ICU mortality/duration of stay/complication and duration of hospital stay were compared. Patient outcome at discharge was assessed using modified Rankin scale (MRS).
Results Baseline characteristics were comparable. There were no ICU deaths in group REEIC. Patients in group REEIC had significantly (p < 0.01) more resting energy requirement and less maximum negative energy balance than those in group REEST. The SOFA score at days 5, 7, and 9 and the total leukocyte count (TLC) at day 5 were higher in group REEST. The duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay/complications, duration of hospital stay, and MRS at discharge were comparable.
Conclusion Ischemic stroke patients receiving indirect calorimetry–guided enteral nutrition had lesser incidence of organ failure but similar ICU stay and mortality and neurological outcome as compared with those receiving standard weight-based enteral nutrition.
Clinical Comparison of Guided Biofilm Therapy and Scaling and Root Planing in the Active Phase of Periodontitis Management
Authors: Mensi Magda , Sordillo Annamaria , Marchetti Silvia , Calza Stefano , Scotti Eleonora 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this randomized, controlled, split-mouth study was to compare full-mouth air polishing followed by ultrasonic debridement (known as Guided Biofilm Therapy [GBT]) versus traditional Scaling and Root Planing (SRP), in terms of pocket closure in patients with stages III and IV periodontitis.
Materials and Methods The patients underwent periodontal therapy in two sessions. At the beginning of the first session, quadrants I and IV and II and III were randomly assigned to GBT or SRP treatment. Periodontal parameters were collected at baseline, 6 weeks (T1), and 3 months (T2) after therapy. The primary outcome was the number of experimental sites (pocket probing depth [PPD] >4 and <10 mm) becoming closed pockets (PPD ≤ 4 mm bleeding on probing [BOP] negative) at T1 and T2. Secondary outcomes were PPD, recession, clinical attachment level, BOP, and plaque index variations at the experimental sites and treatment time.
Statistical Analysis A 10% difference in the primary outcome between the two protocols was set as the threshold to define inferiority/noninferiority of the test treatment. The primary outcome was modeled using a generalized estimating equation model to account for intrapatient measurement correlation. The estimates are reported as differences between groups' percentages (treatments or time points) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). All analyses assumed a significance level of 5%.
Results A total of 32 patients were selected. Mean PPD (mm) reduced from 6.23 (6.06–6.40) to 3.33 (3.06–3.61) at T2 for GBT, and from 6.21 (6.04–6.38) to 3.32 (3.11–3.53) at T2 for SRP. Both treatments reached a comparable percentage of closed pockets at T1 (77.9% for GBT vs. 80.1% for SRP, p = 0.235) and T2 (84.1% for GBT vs. 84.4% for SRP, p = 0.878), with no statistically or clinically significant difference. GBT and traditional SRP with ultrasonic and hand instruments reach satisfactory clinical results in the active treatment of patients with stages III and IV periodontitis, with comparable rates of closed pockets and treatment time.
Conclusion GBT is a suitable option in the active phase of periodontitis management in patients with stages III and IV periodontitis.
An empirical investigation of Bangladesh’s inflation dynamics: evaluating persistence and identifying structural breaks
Authors: Rafa Mujtaba Rafid , Basher Syed Abul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe quantify two hypotheses: the “Friedman-Ball Hypothesis” and the “Cukierman-Meltzer Hypothesis,” in the context of Bangladesh. The first posits that an increase in inflation leads to greater inflation uncertainty, while the second asserts that inflation uncertainty causes an increase in inflation. Using monthly inflation data from June 1997 to July 2021, we find evidence supporting both hypotheses. Our analysis of inflation persistence and structural breaks reveals that inflation in Bangladesh exhibits high persistence throughout the entire sample period, but there is a decrease in persistence in two of the sub-samples after the breaks in March 2007 and April 2012. Moreover, Bangladesh’s inflation persistence is comparable to, and at times even lower than, that of its South and Southeast Asian neighboring countries. As policy implications of our findings, we emphasize the need for a more nuanced approach to monetary policy, including proactive interest rate management, implementation of a Medium-Term Fiscal Framework, and the development of a flexible monetary policy strategy tailored to Bangladesh’s unique economic circumstances.
Structure engineering of Ga2O3 photodetectors: a review
Authors: Wu Wentao , Huang Hong , Wang Yilin , Yin Haoran , Han Keju , Zhao Xiaolong , Feng Xiao , Zeng Yan , Zou Yanni , Hou Xiaohu , Wei Zhongming , Long Shibing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Deep ultraviolet (DUV) photodetectors play important roles in the modern semiconductor industry due to their diverse applications in critical fields. Wide bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3 is considered as one promising material for highly sensitive DUV photodetectors. However, the high responsivity of Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors always comes at the expense of its response speed. Material engineering for high-quality Ga2O3 materials can optimize the photoresponse performance but at the cost of much more complex process. Structure engineering can efficiently improve the performance of Ga2O3 photodetectors based on various physical mechanisms. Owing to the increased modulation probabilities, part schemes of structure engineering even alleviate the tough requirements on Ga2O3 material quality for high-performance DUV photodetectors. This article reviews the recent efforts in optimizing the performance of Ga2O3 photodetectors through structure engineering. Firstly, photodetectors based on Ga2O3 nanostructures and metasurface structures with nanometer size effect are discussed. In addition, junction structures of Ga2O3 photodetectors, which effectively promote carrier separation in the depletion region, are summarized based on a classification of Schottky junction, heterojunction, phase junction, etc. Besides, Ga2O3 avalanche photodiodes, offering ultra-high gain and responsivity, are focused as a promising prototype for commercialization. Furthermore, field effect phototransistors, based on which the scalability and low power performance of Ga2O3 photodetectors have been well proven, are analyzed in detail. Moreover, auxiliary-field configurations with extra tunable dimensions for Ga2O3 photodetectors are introduced. Finally, we conclude this review and discuss the main challenges of Ga2O3 DUV photodetectors from our perspective.
High permittivity electroluminescence coating for improving flashover strength and visualizing surface defects
Authors: Xia Bing , Zhu Ming-Xiao , Guo Xiao-Bo , Qi Xiao-Wu , Yao Hai-Bin , Xing Zhi-Hao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In gas-insulated switchgear, the metallic particles on spacers initiate discharges and significantly reduce flashover strength. It is crucial to sensitively detect surface defects and improve the flashover strength. In this work, a high permittivity electroluminescence coating with ZnS:Cu as fillers and cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) as polymer matrix was developed to improve flashover strength and visualize surface defects. The dielectric constant, flashover strength, and electroluminescence properties of ZnS:Cu/CEC coatings with different concentrations of ZnS:Cu fillers were tested and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Due to the strong-polarity cyanide group in CEC and the effect of ZnS:Cu fillers on polymer chains, a high-permittivity coating was obtained, which can effectively mitigate the electric field distortion on spacers, and improve the flashover performance. For the basin insulator, maximum increments of flashover strength were realized by doping 12.5 wt% ZnS:Cu fillers, with 11.36%, 31.22%, and 5.83% improvements in air, 0.3 MPa air, and SF6 gas, respectively. Moreover, the electroluminescence coating can effectively indicate the location of defects and the distribution of electric field on the surface of insulators. This paper provides new insight into the electroluminescent materials used in non-destructive self-testing of surface defects and enhancement of flashover strength.
Identification of fractional-order transfer functions and nonzero initial conditions using exponentially modulated signals
Authors: Kuzminskas Hadamez , Teixeira Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Galvão Roberto Kawakami Harrop , Assunção Edvaldo , Hadjiloucas Sillas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A new methodology that uses exponentially modulated signals with arbitrary excitation waveforms for the identification of fractional order transfer functions is proposed. In contrast to previous approaches where initial conditions were not considered and the system was required to be at rest for the identification procedure, the current contribution extends the formulation to the case where the system has non-zero initial conditions, dispensing with the need to place it at a resting state. This generalization is important in feedback instrumentation and metrology applications where the measurement or control process may not be disrupted to perform identification. Moreover, the procedure has a broader scope of applications because it structurally contemplates the case when the model presents derivatives in the input. Full identification of the system parameters as well as the fractional exponents associated with the model dynamics are achieved through a grid search procedure with resolution adjustable by the user. Two simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The first example is concerned with the effect of measurement noise at the observed system output, whereas the second involves the identification of the impedance of a three-dimensional RC network model. These types of RC networks have dynamics capturing complex phenomena with emergent responses and are ideal for emulating the complex dynamics encountered across physical sciences and in particular interdisciplinary subject areas such as biomedical engineering.
S-curve bias optimization of navigation signals based on a pre-distortion method
Authors: Lu Jun , Rao Yongnan , Su Chengeng , Liu Yuqi , Yang Yi , Xiao Yinghui , Lv Feiren 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nonideal radio-frequency (RF) emission channels directly affect navigation signal quality. In particular, the deviation in the pseudo-range caused by differences among the RF channels of multiple satellites can decrease user positioning accuracy. Previous studies have mainly focused on designing pre-distortion filters to improve the performance of non-ideal RF channels in navigation signal generators. However, our findings indicate that using a pre-distortion filter alone results in limited improvement of the S-curve bias because the constant-envelope character is compromised, and the nonlinearity of the high-power amplifier (HPA) becomes more pronounced. More applications that require better accuracy require a smaller S-curve bias. This study proposes a method to compensate for the nonideal RF channel by using pre-distortion that considers both the nonlinear HPA and nonideal filter characteristics. The proposed method was validated through numerical analysis and simulations. The results show that the proposed method can reduce the S-curve bias across different receiver configurations. This study provides a reference for improving the quality of navigation signals, particularly in terms of correcting the S-curve bias.
A novel sensing probe based on AuNPs-Apt for the detection of enrofloxacin
Authors: Ding Liyun , Wang Pan , Xiao BaoQuan , Gao Zelin , Zhang Dekui , Che Tuanjie , Zuo Juanjuan , Li Yumai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR), as a synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic is widely utilized in veterinary medicine to treat animal diseases and promote livestock growth, it can inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase subunit A, thereby preventing bacterial DNA replication and exerting its antibacterial effect. However, excessive use of enrofloxacin poses significant risks to ecological balance and human health due to residual contamination. We have developed a novel ENR aptamer sensor based on the gold nanoparticles/aptamer (AuNPs-Apt) complexes, in which AuNPs were synthesized via the seed method and functionalized with aptamers. The optical properties, particle size, functional groups and morphology of the AuNPs-Apt probe were characterized by transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and UV–vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The aptamer biosensor can specifically identify enrofloxacin, with a wide detection range (0.05–100 μg ml−1) and a good linear relationship (

R
2

=0.99) within the detection range. In addition, the biosensor also has the advantages of short detection time, low biological toxicity, good stability, and low detection cost. Therefore, it shows a great prospect for practical application in the field of detecting enrofloxacin residues.
Influence of species kinetics on discharge characteristics in oxygen helicon plasma
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Xia Zhangyu , Cui Ying , He Feng , Liu Zhongwei , Zhang Haibao , Chen Qiang , Ouyang Jiting 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Oxygen (O2) helicon plasmas in multiple wave modes were excited by a right-helical antenna with an upper metal endplate at low pressure. Mode transitions were observed at increasing input power or magnetic field, characterized by obvious jumps of plasma parameters. Blue Core appears at high magnetic fields (∼700 G) and input powers (∼1700 W), with a large radial gradient of plasma density, ion line intensity, and electron temperature. Emission spectra demonstrate that the blue lights originate from O II lines. We found that the intensity ratio of O II to O I of Blue Core in O2 is lower by one order than that in N2 or Ar despite their similar ionization rates and plasma densities in the Blue Core area. A high-temperature B-dot probe together with a waveform fitting procedure was used to present the measured oscillating waveforms of m = +1 helicon waves, showing distinct wave structures of different eigenmodes. Cavity mode resonance is suggested to be responsible for the formation of standing waves of discrete eigenmodes. A pressure balance model was developed to estimate the species densities around the central area in different modes, showing massive dissociation of O2 molecules and high density of O atoms locally, so that O2 helicon plasma behaves as a species feature of monatomic gas discharge. The obviously low intensity of the O II lines compared to the O I lines of Blue Core in O2 is related to the quite high excitation threshold of O+ ions (∼30 eV) although electron density and temperature are relatively high. The combined effects of dispersed reaction energy distribution, massive molecule dissociation and negative ion creation are considered to be the main causes for the requirement of much higher RF power and magnetic field for Blue Core formation in O2 helicon plasma than that in Ar. The calculated radial profiles of power deposition and the captured plasma morphology confirm that the dominant central electron heating is the essential reason for the large radial gradients of plasma density and electron temperature which contribute to the serious neutral depletion and Blue Core formation.
Analysis of uncertainty in measurement of electron temperature in low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas using microwave cutoff probe
Authors: Yeom Hee-Jung , Chae Gwang-Seok , Kim Jung-Hyung , Lee Hyo-Chang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we performed electron temperature measurements by using a square cutoff probe (CP). Further, the measurement uncertainty was comprehensively analysed. The square CP allows for the measurement of the electron temperature based on the measured electron series resonance frequency and that of the electron plasma frequency based on the transmission spectrum of the plasma. The electron temperatures were determined under varying gas pressures and input power conditions, and the results were compared with those obtained using a single Langmuir probe. Also, the impact of electron-neutral collision frequency on electron temperature measurement using square CP was analysed based on a plasma equivalent circuit model. The square CP is expected to serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for the precise characterization of electron temperature, offering localized, accurate, and easily interpretable features.
Impact of the surface on He(23S1) and He2(a

3

Σ
u
+

) metastables densities in atmospheric pressure RF plasma
Authors: Yu S , Chauvet L , Keudell A von 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dynamic of helium metastable formation along an atmospheric pressure helium plasma channel with different bounding surfaces is analysed. The densities of He(23S1) and He2(a

3

Σ
u
+

) are measured using optical absorption spectroscopy. A simple model for helium metastable creation, quenching by water impurities and destruction upon surface impact, is developed. The model shows a very good agreement if one assumes that surfaces mainly control secondary electron emission, affecting the local heating at the plasma boundary sheath. This, in turn, changes the rate for He(23S1) and He2(a

3

Σ
u
+

) conversion. The helium metastable induced desorption of adsorbed water causes a decay of the metastable density along the plasma channel due to quenching.
Design of Ga2O3 trench gate MOSFET devices with dielectric pillars
Authors: Zhao Tianle , Azad Fahad , Jia Yanrun , Zhang Hanzhe , Yang Chunyang , Su Shichen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, a gallium oxide (Ga2O3) U-groove gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (UMOSFET) with a high breakdown voltage (BV) is proposed. Through TCAD simulation, both forward and reverse electrical characteristics are comprehensively investigated. The integration of traps within the current blocking layer (CBL) is suggested to enable effective current blocking. Furthermore, to optimize the BV, the introduction of oxide dielectric pillars on either side of the drift layer is implemented to enhance the potential distribution during breakdown. The forward and reverse electrical characteristics of the device at different temperatures are also investigated. Additionally, by conducting simulation optimizations of different doping concentrations in the drift layer, CBL layer thickness, and trap concentrations, notable achievements are realized, which include a high BV of 865.2 V, low threshold voltage of 2.587 V, and low specific ON-resistance of 19.2 mΩ·cm2. This study presents a novel structural design to foster the potential application and development of Ga2O3 electronic devices.
The next galactic supernova can uncover mass and couplings of particles decaying to neutrinos
Authors: Telalovic Bernanda , Fiorillo Damiano F.G. , Martínez-Miravé Pablo , Vitagliano Edoardo , Bustamante Mauricio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many particles predicted by extensions of the Standard Model feature interactions with neutrinos, e.g., Majoron-like bosons ϕ. If the mass of ϕ is larger than about 10 keV, they can be produced abundantly in the core of the next galactic core-collapse supernova through neutrino coalescence, and leave it with energies of around 100 MeV. Their subsequent decay to high-energy neutrinos and anti-neutrinos provides a distinctive signature at Earth. Ongoing and planned neutrino and dark matter experiments allow us to reconstruct the energy, flavor, and time of arrival of these high-energy neutrinos. For the first time, we show that these measurements can help pinpointing the mass of ϕ and its couplings to neutrinos of different flavor. Our results can be generalized in a straightforward manner to other hypothetical feebly interacting particles, like novel gauge bosons or heavy neutral leptons, that decay into neutrinos.