bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Uncertainty of Space: Keeping Cool With a Shared Freezer
Authors: Phillips Cody 
Published: July 2018

Academic and heritage institutions worldwide use freezers to hold specimens, for a variety of stakeholders. At Otago Museum, the Natural Science freezer is utilised by a diverse range of organisations with widely differing end uses. As a repository for native species, Otago Museum accepts and stores specimens for possible addition to the collection, however the freezer unit is also used as a temporary holding space for material that will be used by others such as researchers, government bodies and the local community. This multi-use approach allows the museum to build and maintain important relationships beyond its walls.
One important group to whom freezer space is allocated that is unique to Otago, is the Komiti Taoka Tuku Iho (KTTI), a committee which is made up of local indigenous community (runaka), museum, city council, and government department representatives. The KTTI committee oversees the allocation of local taoka species (those with a traditional significance to the community) to primarily traditional artists, and ensures the cultural use of these very desirable species continues in a sustainable way.
Given the number of stakeholders involved, their very different objects and the impossibility of knowing exactly when specimens will arrive or when they will depart, managing a limited resource such as the Natural Science freezer can be a challenge. The issues involved in managing such an operation will be discussed, as will the significant benefits of working with local institutions and communities, with particular emphasis on the work that is done to assist the local runaka with decision making around specimens that hold particular cultural significance.
Philippiphonte aspidosoma gen. et sp. n., a radically divergent member of the Laophontidae from shell gravel in the East Sea, South Korea, including a review of Folioquinpes Fiers &amp; Rutledge, 1990 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)
Authors: Huys Rony , Lee Jimin 
Published: July 2018

The primarily marine subtidal family Laophontidae not only contains more valid genera than any other family in the Harpacticoida, it is also one of the most speciose ones in the order, currently accommodating 327 species and subspecies. Based on published records, 25 laophontid species in 12 genera have so far been reported from Korean waters. Here both sexes of a new genus and species of Laophontidae are described, collected from shell gravel off Dokdo Island in the East Sea.Philippiphonteaspidosomagen. et sp. n.displays a radically divergent morphology, including an extreme dorsoventrally depressed body shape which is reminiscent of members of the family Porcellidiidae. The convergent evolution of dorsoventrally flattened body plans in the Harpacticoida is briefly discussed.The distribution and habitat preference of laophontid species recorded from the Korean peninsula are summarised. The authenticity of the Korean record ofFolioquinpesmangalisFiers &amp; Rutledge, 1990 from washings of invertebrates and intertidal stones from Jeju Island is reassessed in the light of a discussion of the genus.Folioquinpespseudomangalissp. n.andF.indicussp. n.are proposed as new species forFolioquinpesmangalisFiers &amp; Rutledge, 1990sensuKim (2013) andLaophontechathamensisSars, 1905sensuSewell (1924), respectively. A key to species ofFolioquinpesFiers &amp; Rutledge, 1990 is provided.
Removal of ochratoxin A by a carboxypeptidase and peptides present in liquid cultures ofBacillus subtilis CW14
Authors: Hu H.N. , Jia X. , Wang Y.P. , Liang Z.H. 
Published: July 2018

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is an important mycotoxin that contaminates a variety of agricultural products. The cell-free supernatant ofBacillus subtilis CW14 liquid cultures were reported previously to be capable of removing OTA efficiently. In this work, we examined several substances that are probably involved in this removal of OTA usingin vitro experiments. The strain CW14 culture supernatant that was separated by ultrafiltration showed that the fractions collected at >10 kDa and <3 kDa had a significant ability to reduce OTA (84.9 and 74.8%, respectively) when incubated with 6 μg/ml OTA at 37 °C for 24 h. A putative metalloenzyme was responsible for the activity of the >10-kDa fraction, which was confirmed by the detrimental effects of heat treatments or addition of SDS, proteinase K, or EDTA. Subsequently, a carboxypeptidase (CP) gene that was likely related to the enzymatic conversion of OTA by the >10-kDa fraction was cloned from theB.subtilis CW14 genome, and over-expressed inEscherichia coli. The recombinant CP degraded 71.3% of OTA at 37 °C for 24 h, and ochratoxin α (OTα) was confirmed as a degradation product. From the <3-kDa fraction, some small peptides (1.7 kDa >Mw >0.7 kDa) were purified and decreased OTA by 45.0% under the same conditions, but no product was detected. These peptides were presumed to be capable of binding OTA due to their affinity with the OTA molecule, and the OTA-peptide complexes escaped from the extraction procedures for OTA quantification. These results indicated there was a probable synergistic effect that was involved in removal of OTA by the strain CW14 culture supernatant, which included enzymatic degradation by a CP and physical adsorption by some small peptides.
Musées publics et musées privés en Arabie saoudite : l’identification à la nation par l’exposition d’objets archéologiques et ethnographiques
Authors: Cassola Virginia 
Published: July 2018

En 2018, le royaume d’Arabie saoudite comporte près de soixante‑dix musées publics de différentes typologies (histoire nationale, histoire militaire, archéologie, patrimoine populaire, sciences) affiliés au gouvernement, dont l’entrée est souvent gratuite. Existent aussi cent cinquante musées privés gérés par des citoyens collectionneurs. Ouverts dans les habitations des propriétaires ou dans des lieux loués ou achetés par ces derniers, ces musées présentent principalement des pièces d’histoire nationale (journaux, portraits royaux, pièces de monnaies) et de patrimoine populaire (outils, ustensiles de cuisine, bijoux, vêtements). Une partie de ces divers établissements est étudiée dans cet article dans le sillage de travaux1 qui considèrent le musée comme un produit culturel du nationalisme puisqu’il s’attache à incarner le patrimoine et à susciter une appropriation collective de ce dernier. Sous cette perspective, par ses espaces et son fonctionnement, le musée est la preuve du rassemblement conscient d’objets matériels ou immatériels dont la communication par l’exposition doit servir l’adhésion à un patrimoine commun. L’article interroge le recours à l’exposition conjointe d’antiquités et d’objets ethnographiques dans les « musées d’archéologie et de patrimoine populaire » (matāḥif al‑athār wa‑l‑turāth al‑sha‘bī) dans la promotion d’un sentiment d’appartenance à la nation saoudienne. Les modalités de cette exposition sont mises en regard de celles des musées privés (matāḥif al‑khāṣa) dans la perspective d’analyser comment, en Arabie saoudite, le caractère « public » ou « privé » du musée participe à l’appropriation d’une histoire nationale par l’objet.
The effects of globalization on African Economic Development: The Nigerian experience
Authors: Letswa Ahmed Mohammed , Raji Shittu Adewole , Edita Muhammad Nma 
Published: July 2018

The growing global economy which was fastened mostly by international trade and technology has no doubt crated a global dual phenomenon where regions continued to experience economic development at the expense of others. This paper argued that though third world countries of Africa are fully incorporated into global capitalist economy, the benefit of this inescapable global phenomenon is not evenly distributed. Secondary sources of data were used as essential methodology for this work. With the help of Marxist theory of political economy and review of literature, the paper further posited that Nigeria economy in the current wind of globalization remains the clienteleeconomy in the competitive global market. The country remained an exporter of raw materials and importer of finished products thus, making the country potential market for foreign investors. The work therefore recommended economic diversification and control of activities of Multi-national Corporation to checkmate their penchant for flouting state laws especially in employment, developing local workplace and neglect of the environment among others.
Political systems and underdevelopment in Africa (1957-2010)
Authors: Utin Inwang Benson 
Published: July 2018

Africa is a creation of European powers following the scramble and partition of the continent by major European powers. The Berlin conference of 1884-1885 made it mandatory for these powers to provide effective administrative machinery in their areas of influence. At inception, each of them adopted separate system of administration ranging, from Indirect rule, Assimilation and Association policies. The emergence of Educated African Elites and its attendant Nationalistic feelings and agitation for independence led to various constitutional conferences both in Europe and in Africa. These led to the adoption of various Administrative system ranging from federalism, Regionalism,parliamentary and unitary systems of Government. From 1957, Independent African countries retained these system of Government institutionalized by their colonial masters. Some of these system of Government was strange to Africa since it was not based on their custom and tradition. These adopted system of Government has led to ethnicity, election violence, sit tight syndrome, military dictatorship, corruption and civil unrest. This paper examined in details the different system of Government across Africa since 1957. The paper critically assessed the level of underdevelopment across Africa as a result of these adopted system of Government. The paper also proffered solutions toAfrica current underdeveloped state.Key Words: Exploitation, kingdom, political system, underdevelopment
Gregory pence onhuman cloning: An ethical evaluation
Authors: Ogan Tamunosiki V. , Ariche Chrisantus Kanayochukwu 
Published: July 2018

Human cloning is one of the new reproductive technologies. It is among the most controversial and hotly debated topic in bioethics. The central point of controversy has been, is it right to clone or not? This question has dominated contemporary discussions in bioethics. It has attracted a lot of arguments and counter arguments. It has been a point of divergence among philosophers, medical practitioners, theologians and psychologists. In fact this has further raised a lot of ethical, legal and social challenges that need urgent attention. Human cloning has a lot of advantages which include assisting infertile couples to have genetically related children and availability of organs for transplant. Researchalso testifies that cloning can improve the genetic health of future generation/children. Amidst this good news there has been itching and clamour from several quarters for human cloning to be banned. Philosophers especially bioethicists have posited strong arguments to justify the prohibition of human cloning. Gregory Pence a strong proponent of human cloning argues that cloning has a lot of advantages that humanity can tap from if allowed to continue. In his argument there is nothing wrong with human cloning rather fear and ignorance make people to condemn it. In this connection this paper argues that despite the benefits of human cloning, it still raises some ethical and social challenges. It threatens the dignity of human beings, can lead to abuses and commodification of human beings.Key Words: Cloning, Ethics, Reproduction, Therapeutic, Gene
Arts and crafts in schools as basic instruments for technological development of the nation
Authors: Okeke Josiah 
Published: July 2018

Creativity is induced right from the formative years of young people, who are taught to work with their hands and brains. Arts and crafts, which offer children opportunities for progressive acquisition of skills in mental and motor activities, as well as the cognitive, help to lay the solid foundation for technological development. Developing country like Nigeria needs to fully adopt this culture that would help to sensitize the children’s creative endowment. Arts and crafts are, therefore, examined in this paper as foundation on which the technology of any nation is built, starting from the life of schoolchild.
Entrepreneurial Intentions of Pakistani Students: The Role of Entrepreneurial Education, Creativity Disposition, Invention Passion & Passion for Founding
Authors: Anjum Temoor , Ramzani Sara Ravan , Farrukh Muhammad , Raju Valliappan , Nazar Nida , Shahzad Imran Ahmad 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions of the university students, moreover, a mediating role of Entrepreneurial Passion, Perceived Creativity Disposition and Entrepreneurial Passion was also assessed. Data were collected from 595 university students; Partial least square technique was used with the help of SmartPLS software. Results of partial least square structural equation modeling showed that all the hypothesized direct and indirect relationship were supported. Possible implications for theory and practice are discussed in detailed.
INFLUENCE OF LIGANDS BASICITY ON COMPLEXATION KINETICS OF 5,10,15,20-TETRA(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PORPHYN AND 5,10,15,20-TETRA(ISO-BUTYL)PORPHYN WITH COPPER ACETATE
Authors: Dao The Nam , Puhovskaya Svetlana G. , Ivanova Yulia B. , Glazunov Alexey V. , Semeikin Aleksander S. 
Published: July 2018

Spectrophotometric studies of base and complexation properties of 5,10,15,20-tetra(trifluoromethyl)porphine and 5,10,15,20-tetra(iso-butyl)porphine were carried out in systems acetonitrile – HClO4 and CH3COOH – Cu(ОАc)2. It was found that under ligands titration with perchloric acid in acetonitrile the consecutive protonating of nitrogen atoms of pyrrolic rings occurs with formation of mono – and dicationic forms. Electron absorption spectra may be obtained for these cationic forms. Total basicity constants and concentration intervals of existence of ligands ionized forms in acetonitrile were determined. Kinetic parameters of copper(II) complex formation was measured. The influence of nature of meso-position substituents of porphyrin macrocycle on reactivity of tetrapyrrolic macrocycle was dicussed.
NEW COLORIMETRIC AND FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSORS BASED ON DIPYRROMETHENE DYES
Authors: Antina Elena V. , Berezin Mikhail B. , Guseva Galina B. , Bumagina Natalia A. , Antina Lubov A. , V’yugin Anatoliy I. 
Published: July 2018

Synthetic bis(dipyrromethene)s (H2L) is very promising compounds to create sensory systems due to a combination of spectral-luminescent and chelating properties which sensitive to structural and solvation effects. Reactions of H2L·2HBr salts with amines are accompanied by changes in the color of the solution and a clear show a transformations of H4L2+ salt spectrum in the H2L spectrum with a large (about 40 nm) difference between maxima of their intense bands which allows the use of 3,3'-bis(dipyrromethene) salts as colorimetric chemosensors of amines with sensitivity of detection upto 1·10–8 mol/l. The basis for the development of applied directions of using 3,3-bis(dipyrromethene)s as a fluorescent chemosensors of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ ions is the bright coloristic effects, accompanying reactions of H2L with Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) salts, and significant differences in quantitative characteristics of the spectra of the complexes [M2L2] and ligands. Reactions of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) salts with a weakly fluorescent bis(dipyrromethene) sensors are accompanied by the buildup (in 25–550 times) of fluorescence. The high sensitivity of fluorescence of d10-metal [M2L2] helikates to the properties of the environment became the basis for the development of the direction of creating fluorescent temperature sensors. The observed effect of the temperature dependence of fluorescence quantum yield of ethanol solutions of [Zn2L2] complexes is interest for the control of temperature (300–80 K). This is important in the development of cryostats or determining temperature of biomaterials cooled in them.
EXTRACTION AND REEXTRACTION OF HISTIDINE AND RIBOFLAVIN BY N-VINYLCAPROLACTAME COPOLYMERS WITH 1-VINYL- AND 1-METHACRYLOYL-3,5-DIMETHYLPYROZOLE
Authors: Lavlinskaya Maria S. , Shatalov Gennadiy V. , Mokshina Nadezhda Ya. , Pakhomova Oksana A. , Kuznetsov Vyacheslav A. 
Published: July 2018

Copolymers of N-vinylcaprolactam (VC) with 1-vinyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (VDMP) and 1-methacryloyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (MDMP) were synthesized by free radical copolymerization in dioxane with azodiisobutironitrole as initiator. Both water-soluble and water-insoluble copolymers were obtained. The copolymers compositions were determined by FTIR and UV-spectroscopy. The copolymerization constants were calculated and they were: for VC (М1)–VDMP, r1 = 0.65 ± 0.03, r2 = 0.43 ± 0.03; for VC (М1)–MDMP, r1 = 0.79 ± 0.04, r2 = 0.21 ± 0.02. These values show that VC (М1) exhibits somewhat higher activity compared to М2 and that the tendency toward alternation of comonomer units is more pronounced in VC–MDMP copolymers (r1r2 = 0.17) compared to VC–VDMP copolymers (r1r2 = 0.27). It was found that VC–VDMP copolymers are water-soluble at VC content higher than 75 mol %, and VC–MDMP copolymers at VC content higher than 88 mol %. The water-soluble copolymers based on VC have lower critical solution temperature. Their values are in range of 54-69 °C. Two-phases water-salts systems based on synthesized water-soludle thermoresponsive copolymers are proposed for histidine and riboflavin (re)extraction in aqueous media. It was found that extraction systems based on VC-VDMP copolymers are more efficient then VC-MDMP systems. Degree of extraction for both substances in a case of VC-VDMP copolymers achieved 96%. Reextraction carried out by thermoprecipitation of VC (co)polymers. It was shown that reextraction is more efficient at pH 7.6 and its degree achieved 61.7 % for histidine.
INTERPOLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXATION OF SULFONATE-CONTAINING AROMATIC POLY- AND COPOLYAMIDES IN ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MEDIA
Authors: Smirnova Nataliya N. 
Published: July 2018

Complex formation of sulfonate-containing aromatic poly- and copolyamides with copolymers of acrylonitrile with N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride and N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate was studied in organic and aqueous-organic media. The values of conversion degree for interpolymer reactions were determined. At optimal conditions in the presence of poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate)diphenylaminoisophthalamide and poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate)diphenylaminoterephthalamide the degree of conversion was equal to ~0.80 and 0.78, respectively. The reduction of number of sulfonate containing units in the polymer chain to 10% leads to its decrease to ~0.18. It was shown that the nature and composition of the solvent affects the kinetics of interpolymer reactions due to the different ratio of reaggregation during the interacting of function groups in water medium with considerable force of hydrophobic interactions and in organic solvent where these forces dramatically reduce. The phase state and the composition of formed interpolyelectrolyte complexes depends on charge density along macromolecule chain of copolyamide and on the composition of the solvent used. The reduction of the number of sulfonate containing units in the macromolecule leads to polycation component increase in the complex. The formation of stoichiometric interpoly-electrolyte complexes takes place in the solvent with the same composition as that when the most significant unfolding of the polyanion chain was observed. The phase separation during the complex formation by the interpolymer reaction with copolyamide containing 5% of units with sulfonate groups or copolymer of acrylonitrile with N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate is not observed.
DISCRETE STEPS OF DIAMOND-GRAPHITE PHASE TRANSITION AT ANNEALING OF NANODIAMONDS IN WIDE TEMPERATURE RANGE
Authors: Kornienko Nikolay E. , Kirichenko Alexey N. 
Published: July 2018

We present the short review of the works on a problem of phase transitions (PT) which are distributed in the temperature range ΔТ of PT. Experimental studies of Raman spectra (laser wavelength 514.5 nm) of nanodiamonds after annealing at 900-2000 °C and their detailed numerical analysis with decomposition of the allocated oscillatory D and G bands on the compound spectral components D and G, D (k) and G (k’) relating to various states of Brillouin’s zones were conducted. Detection of temperature maxima of intensities, frequencies and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of individual Raman components as well as intensity of a background defines discrete steps of PT of diamond - onion-shaped carbon in temperature ranges of 940-1200 °C and 1500-2000 °C.
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CARBON NANO- AND MICROFIBERS FOR FORMATION OF PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES BASED ON HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT MATRIX
Authors: Panin Sergey V. , Kornienko Lyudmila A. , Aleksenko Vladislav O. , Ivanova Larisa R. , Shilko Sergey V. , Buslovich Dmitriy G. 
Published: July 2018

The mechanical and tribo-technical parameters of composite materials of mixtures on the bases of super- molecular polyethylene (SMPE) at conditions of dry friction and abrasive wear were studied for comparative estimation of solid- grease properties of nano and micro fibers of carbon. It was shown that wear resistance of polymer compositions of SMPE+0.5 weight% the percent of C(nano) increases by a factor 6.6 and for SMPE+5 weight% the percent of C(micro) increases by a factor 2.5 at conditions of dry friction of slip. At conditions of abrasive wear the resistance of composites mentioned above increases by a factor about 2 for both types of fillers. The role of nano and micro fibers of carbon is discussed as solid grease in tribo- conjugated polymer compositions based on SMPE for application at various conditions of operation.
Diş Hekimliğinde Trombosit Konsantrasyonlarinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Özellikleri
Authors: KIZILTOPRAK Mehmet , USLU Mustafa özay 
Published: July 2018

Trombositler hemostaz ve yara iyileşmesinde çok önemli bir rol oynamakta ve ihtiva ettikleri büyüme faktörleri ve sitokinler sayesinde rejeneratif tedavinin potansiyel hücreleri arasında yer almaktadırlar. Bu durum, rejeneratif tedavide, trombosit ve trombosit konsantrasyonlarına olan ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Geçmişten günümüze kadar çeşitli trombosit konsantrasyonları elde edilmiş ve bu ürünler tek başına veya başka biomateryallerle kombine kullanıldığında, iyileşme sürecine olan olumlu katkıları görülmüştür. Trombosit konsantrasyonları, sert ve yumuşak doku ile ilgili cerrahi prosedürlerde kullanıldığında, içeriğinde bulunan yoğun sitokin ve büyüme faktörlerinin kontrollü salınımı sağlar. Bu durum doğal yara iyileşme sürecini hızlandırmaktadır. Ayrıca, otojen kaynaklı olduklarından herhangi bir immünolojik reaksiyon ve enfeksiyona yol açmamaları en önemli avantajlarıdır. Tam kan farklı devirlerde ve farklı sürelerde santrifüj edildiğinde içeriği birbirinden farklı olan trombosit kaynaklı ürünler elde edilmiştir. PRP, PRGF, PRF ve CGF gibi ürünlere bakıldığında yeni keşfedilen her ürünün bir öncekine göre daha gelişmiş özellikleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı; PRP, PRGF, PRF ve CGF gibi trombosit konsantrasyonlarının tarihsel gelişimi ve özellikleri hakkında bilgi vermektir.