bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the temporal regulation of insect segmentation by a conserved sequence of transcription factors
Authors: Clark Erik , Peel Andrew D. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Long-germ insects, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, pattern their segments simultaneously, whereas short-germ insects, such as the beetle Tribolium castaneum, pattern their segments sequentially, from anterior to posterior. Although the two modes of segmentation at first appear quite distinct, much of this difference might simply reflect developmental heterochrony. We now show here that, in both Drosophila and Tribolium, segment patterning occurs within a common framework of sequential Caudal, Dichaete and Odd-paired expression. In Drosophila, these transcription factors are expressed like simple timers within the blastoderm, whereas in Tribolium they form wavefronts that sweep from anterior to posterior across the germband. In Drosophila, all three are known to regulate pair-rule gene expression and influence the temporal progression of segmentation. We propose that these regulatory roles are conserved in short-germ embryos, and that therefore the changing expression profiles of these genes across insects provide a mechanistic explanation for observed differences in the timing of segmentation. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate that Odd-paired is essential for segmentation in Tribolium, contrary to previous reports.
Retromer associates with the cytoplasmic amino-terminus of polycystin-2
Authors: Tilley Frances C. , Gallon Matthew , Luo Chong , Danson Chris M. , Zhou Jing , Cullen Peter J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic human disease, with around 12.5 million people affected worldwide. ADPKD results from mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2, which encode the atypical G-protein coupled receptor polycystin-1 (PC1) and the transient receptor potential channel polycystin-2 (PC2), respectively. Although altered intracellular trafficking of PC1 and PC2 is an underlying feature of ADPKD, the mechanisms which govern vesicular transport of the polycystins through the biosynthetic and endosomal membrane networks remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we describe an interaction between PC2 and retromer, a master controller for the sorting of integral membrane proteins through the endo-lysosomal network. We show that association of PC2 with retromer occurs via a region in the PC2 cytoplasmic amino-terminal domain, independently of the retromer-binding Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and scar homologue (WASH) complex. Based on observations that retromer preferentially interacts with a trafficking population of PC2, and that ciliary levels of PC1 are reduced upon mutation of key residues required for retromer association in PC2, our data are consistent with the identification of PC2 as a retromer cargo protein.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
IL1β and TNFα promote RANKL-dependent adseverin expression and osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Galli Matthew , Shade Silver Alexandra , Lee Wilson , Song Yushan , Mei Yixue , Bachus Carly , Glogauer Michael , McCulloch Christopher A. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Adseverin is an actin-binding protein involved in osteoclastogenesis, but its role in inflammation-induced bone loss is not well-defined. Here, we examined whether IL1β and TNFα regulate adseverin expression to control osteoclastogenesis in mouse primary monocytes and RAW264.7 cells. Adseverin was colocalized with subcortical actin filaments and was enriched in the fusopods of fusing cells. In precursor cells, adseverin overexpression boosted the formation of RANKL-induced multinucleated cells. Both IL1β and TNFα enhanced RANKL-dependent TRAcP activity by 1.6-fold and multinucleated cell formation (cells with ≥3 nuclei) by 2.6- and 3.3-fold, respectively. However, IL1β and TNFα did not enhance osteoclast formation in adseverin-knockdown cells. RANKL-dependent adseverin expression in bone marrow cells was increased by both IL1β (5.4-fold) and TNFα (3.3-fold). Luciferase assays demonstrated that this expression involved transcriptional regulation of the adseverin promoter. Activation of the promoter was restricted to a 1118 bp sequence containing an NF-κB binding site, upstream of the transcription start site. TNFα also promoted RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor cell migration. We conclude that IL1β and TNFα enhance RANKL-dependent expression of adseverin, which contributes to fusion processes in osteoclastogenesis.
Long read assemblies of geographically dispersed Plasmodium falciparum isolates reveal highly structured subtelomeres
Authors: Otto Thomas D. , Böhme Ulrike , Sanders Mandy J. , Reid Adam J. , Bruske Ellen I. , Duffy Craig W. , Bull Pete C. , Pearson Richard D. , Abdi Abdirahman I. , Dimonte Sandra , Stewart Lindsay B. , Campino Susana , Kekre Mihir , Hamilton William L. , Claessens Antoine , Volkman Sarah K. , Ndiaye Daouda , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Diakite Mahamadou , Fairhurst Rick M. , Conway David J. , Franck Matthias , Newbold Chris I. , Berriman Matt 
Published: May 2018

Background: Although thousands of clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum are being sequenced and analysed by short read technology, the data do not resolve the highly variable subtelomeric regions of the genomes that contain polymorphic gene families involved in immune evasion and pathogenesis. There is also no current standard definition of the boundaries of these variable subtelomeric regions. Methods: Using long-read sequence data (Pacific Biosciences SMRT technology), we assembled and annotated the genomes of 15 P. falciparum isolates, ten of which are newly cultured clinical isolates. We performed comparative analysis of the entire genome with particular emphasis on the subtelomeric regions and the internal var genes clusters. Results: The nearly complete sequence of these 15 isolates has enabled us to define a highly conserved core genome, to delineate the boundaries of the subtelomeric regions, and to compare these across isolates. We found highly structured variable regions in the genome. Some exported gene families purportedly involved in release of merozoites show copy number variation. As an example of ongoing genome evolution, we found a novel CLAG gene in six isolates. We also found a novel gene that was relatively enriched in the South East Asian isolates compared to those from Africa. Conclusions: These 15 manually curated new reference genome sequences with their nearly complete subtelomeric regions and fully assembled genes are an important new resource for the malaria research community. We report the overall conserved structure and pattern of important gene families and the more clearly defined subtelomeric regions.
Minor change in the sulcus angle during the first six years of life: A prospective study of the femoral trochlea development in dysplastic and normal knees
Authors: Øye C. R. , Foss O. A. , Holen K. J. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose The aetiology of femoral trochlear dysplasia is unknown. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to describe trochlear development in a newborn population during the first six years of life. Methods In an earlier study, the femoral trochlea was examined by ultrasound in 174 newborns. A dysplastic trochlea was defined with a sulcus angle (SA) above 159°. Two groups were defined, one group of 15 knees with SA > 159° (dysplastic group), and one group of 101 knees with SA < 159° (non-dysplastic group). In the present follow-up study, the children were further examined at six, 18 and 72 months. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the SA between the dysplastic and the non-dysplastic group at all follow-ups (p < 0.001). A small but statistically significant change in the SA between 0 to 72 months was detected for the dysplastic knees (p = 0.032) and for the controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion Only minor changes in the anatomy of the femoral trochlea from newborn to age six years were found. A dysplastic trochlea at birth remains shallow and the anatomy does not change from normal to dysplastic during the same time span. Level of Evidence II
‘All frocked up in purple’: Rosie Casals, Virginia Slims, and the politics of fashion at Wimbledon, 1972
Authors: Tredway Kristi , Liberti Rita 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In 1972 Rosemary (Rosie) Casals, an established player in women’s tennis and winner of several doubles championships at Wimbledon, appeared on the court of the staid English event in a tennis dress with a purple design with a ‘VS’ (Virginia Slims – a cigarette brand marketed to a female audience) embroidered on her outfit. The next day she appeared on the number one court for the women’s doubles semi-final match with the cigarette insignia clearly displayed across the front of the athletic wear. Instructed to adhere to Wimbledon’s dress code of ‘predominantly’ white outfits, officials warned Casals would be banned from further play if she did not comply. Forced to obey Wimbledon dress codes, Casals conceded, though not without a verbal assault directed at tournament officials. In this paper we argue, analysing oral history as well as various press reports in the US and abroad, that Casals’ ensemble and the reaction by officials and those in the media symbolized far more than a perceived fashion faux pas by the tennis star. Rather, Casals’ attire and public reaction to it throw into sharp relief debates around equal rights and female independence that raged throughout society during the late 1960s and 1970s. Importantly, the discussions and tensions in relation to Casals’ tennis outfit did not simply mirror these broader conversations they contributed greatly to them. The dress, like Casals, challenged rules of conduct on the court – and social convention off it. The attire was, for her, a form of self-expression, which personified a style she was eager to portray to a public, some of whom were not necessarily similarly keen on its exhibition.
The fashion blogosphere: Success from the readers’ perspective
Authors: Panchal Sheena , Cassidy Tracy Diane 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The role of blogs and bloggers as conduits of fashion information has strengthened through their growing popularity with fashion consumers. Convenience has been identified as a key reason why fashion consumers use the Internet and social media, enabling them to quickly and easily find trend information, new products and retailer discounts. While research into blogs and blogging is growing, little is given of how blog readers perceive and merit the success of fashion blogs. In this study, we aim to promote a better understanding of the characteristics that fashion blog readers value as contributing factors of a successful fashion blog. This is achieved through an exploration of blog readers’ opinions and through the identification of key blogging trends focusing on female fashion bloggers and readers. The most significant measure of a blog’s success was found to be how relevant it is to its readers, the qualities of which are revealed in this article.
The Counter-Hegemonic Virtues of Popular Culture in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Ivana Dragoș 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to re-examine popular culture in early-modern England by focusing on the oral/illiterate-written/literate and popular culture-high culture dyads. I aim to question why these interrelated socio-cultural categories have not been properly reconciled by the writers of the time. Moreover, my purpose is to focus on antiquarianism as a valid method whereby the delineation between the above-mentioned dichotomies turns into a subtle relationship in which both terms become complementary. I shall focus on two important antiquarian texts - Henry Bourne’s Antiquitates Vulgares (1725) and John Brand’s Observations on Popular Antiquities (1777) - by considering issues of religion and national identity, in an attempt to show that popular culture made known its counter-hegemonic virtues which, though permanently negotiated, were never rejected by the polite. Ultimately, the unstable relationship between the high and the low will be seen as suggestive of the porous boundaries between the two, indicating, at the same time, popular culture’s participatory role in rethinking cultural identity in Enlightenment England.
Remapping the Constellation of Walter Benjamin’s Allegorical Method
Authors: Wong Jack 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The now-longstanding academic revival of allegory, as well as its import as a perennial buzzword of contemporary art criticism, owes much to a group of essays published in the journal October in the early 1980s. Authors Craig Owens and Benjamin Buchloh, in turn, drew a bloodline to the ideas of allegory that occupied Walter Benjamin throughout his literary career. However, whereas Benjamin saw allegory as the expression of a radical, indeed messianic, view of political possibility, the October writers found in allegory a counter-paradigm against Modernism that would resist the latter's totalizing tendencies by pursing its own deconstructive fate of “lack of transcendence.” In the following essay, I trace the source of this discrepancy to the crucial theological underpinnings of Benjamin's concept of allegory, without which the allegorical forms - appropriation and montage - produce not miraculous flashes of unmediated recognition but the permanent impossibility of communication.
“A Pattern for Princes to Live by”: Popery and Elizabethan History During England’s Exclusion Crisis, 1679-1681
Authors: Petrakos Christopher Ross 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the intersections of historical memory and political behavior during England’s “Exclusion Crisis” of 1679-1681. In doing so, I bring together theorists of social and historical memory in interpreting the Exclusion Crisis polemic. Between 1679 and 1681, opposition Whigs and Loyalist Tories rehashed sixteenth-century Elizabethan history because it provided potent analogues to the contemporary crisis over the succession. Through an analysis of parliamentary debates and historical writing, I argue that England’s sixteenth-century history was an integral part of the contemporary political debate. The context of Elizabeth’s Treason Act and the imprisonment of Mary, Queen of Scots provided historical parallels that opposition writers used to justify the exclusion of the Duke of York as well as make claims for parliamentary sovereignty in determining the succession. The Elizabethan era provided a wellspring of historical examples that could be culled to refute arguments for monarchial divineright absolutism. Rather than foreground the role of political theory in structuring attitudes and assumptions about the monarchy and parliament, this article sets out to show that sixteenth-century historical polemic set the terms of contemporary debate and, thus, influenced political outcomes.
Experimental Language Deconstructing Patriarchal Discourse in Ntozake Shange’s for colored girls who have considered suicide/ when the rainbow is enuf
Authors: Tellini Silvia Mara 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
By sharing the experiences of women and the black community of her time, represented as a journey towards womanhood on stage, Afro- American playwright Ntozake Shange deconstructs the patriarchal structure of language, by pushing the boundaries of genres as she assembles prose, poetry and stage performance in a “choreopoem” capable of empowering and liberating the trajectories of the represented black women. The present study explores the semiotic and linguistic deconstructions of the patriarchal ideology in for colored girls who have considered suicide/ when the rainbow is enuf, aiming at a discussion of the author’s experimentalism with language outside instituted discursive paradigms regarding women. Considering that the concept of the liberation of the individual is strongly historicized in the play, the characters of the seven ladies are focalized as being tightly related to the feminist movement in North America in the seventies. Furthermore, the implications of ideological impositions and limited roles for women in society are analyzed.
A new species of Isometopus from Iran (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Isometopinae)
Authors: Hosseini Reza 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A new species, Isometopus (Isometopus) linnavuorii sp. nov., is described from Iran. Illustrations of male genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of male habitus and other selected characters of this new taxon are provided. The diagnosis of the new species is based on a comparison with other congeneric from the Middle East and Europe. The type specimens were deposited in the insect collection of the University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Isometopus (Isometopus) kaznakovi Kiritshenko, 1939 and Isometopus (Isometopus) mirificus Mulsant & Rey, 1879 are excluded from the fauna of Iran. The gender agreement is corrected in the name Isometopus praetermissus Akingbohungbe, 2012.
Three new Asian species of Bruchidius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)
Authors: Anton Klaus-Werner , Delobel Alex 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Descriptions of three new species in the genus Bruchidius Schilsky, 1905 are presented. Bruchidius nepalensis sp. nov. from Nepal and B. tricolor sp. nov. from India, Laos and Thailand are assigned to the Bruchidius japonicus species-group, while B. planicornis sp. nov. from Iran and Turkey is assigned to the Bruchidius astragali species-group. Detailed figures of antennae and genitalia are given.
First record of the family Cantharidae on Socotra, with description of a new genus and two new species of the subfamily Silinae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea)
Authors: Geiser Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The first known representatives of the family Cantharidae are described from Socotra: Silidius svihlai sp. nov. and Socotrasilis enigmatica gen. et sp. nov. Dorsal habitus, pronotum and aedeagus for each species are illustrated. Both species seem phylogenetically isolated, with no known close relatives.
A taxonomic review of the genus Clitobius with description of a new species from Oman (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Purchart Luboš , Kamiński Marcin Jan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Based on external and internal morphological characters, Apithesis obesa Waterhouse, 1881 (of the monotypical genus Apithesis Waterhouse, 1881) is redescribed and transferred from the tribe Ulomini to the tribe Opatrini where it is incorporated in Clitobius Mulsant & Rey, 1859. Preliminary review of the taxonomy and distribution of Clitobius is performed. The following names are placed in synonymy: Clitobius Mulsant & Rey, 1859 = Apithesis Waterhouse, 1881, syn. nov. = Apteroclitobius Koch, 1960, syn. nov.; Clitobius ovatus (Erichson, 1843) = Halonomus salinicola Wollaston, 1861, syn. nov.; Clitobius oblongiusculus (Fairmaire, 1875) = Clitobius ovatus borkouensis Pierre, 1961, syn. nov.; Clitobius obesus (Waterhouse, 1881), comb. nov. = Clitobius pseudalatus Koch, 1960, syn. nov. Clitobius omanicus sp. nov. is described from Oman. A key to the species of Clitobius is presented. Distributional patterns within the genus are analysed and discussed.
Wettability and Surface Free Energy of Ti(C,N) Coatings on Nickel-based Casting Prosthetic Alloys
Authors: Banaszek K. , Klimek L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The production process of prosthetic restorations runs in two stages. In the first stage, the prosthetic foundation is produced of metal alloys. In the second stage, a facing material is applied on the produced element. In both stages, the wettability is significantly important, as well as the free surface energy relating to it. The quality of the obtained cast depends on the surface phenomena occurring between the metal alloy and the material of which the casting mould is made. The performed examinations also point to a relation between the ceramics joint and the base, depending on the wetting angle.
The aim of the presented paper was to examine influence of the composition of a Ti(C,N)-type coating on bases made of the Ni-Cr prosthetic alloy on the wettability and the surface free energy.
The test material were disks made of the Ni-Cr alloy with the diameter of 8 mm. The disks were divided into five groups, which were covered with Ti(C,N) coatings, with different amounts of C and N in the layer. In order to determine the surface free energy (γs), the wetting angle was measured. Two measure liquids were applied: distilled water and diiodomethane.
The obtained results of the measurements of the water-wetting angles suggest that together with the increase of the ratio of nitrogen to carbon in the Ti(C,N) coating, the surface hydrophobicity increases as well. In all the samples, one can see a large difference between the energy values of the polar and the apolar components. The high values of the polar components and the low values of the apolar ones make it possible to conclude that these surfaces exhibit a greater affinity to the polar groups than to the apolar ones.
On the basis of the analysis of the surface free energy, one can state that covering the alloy with Ti(C,N)-type coatings should not decrease the adhesion of the ceramics to the alloy, whereas TiC coatings should lead to the latter’s improvement. Due to their hydrophilicity, TiC coatings should decrease the adhesion of bacteria to the surface and hinder the formation of a bacterial biofilm.
Optimizing of Work Arc Furnace to Decopperisation of Flash Slag
Authors: Bydałek A.W. , Biernat S. , Wołczyński W. , Bydałek A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Discusses an attempt to optimize the operation of an electric furnace slag to be decopperisation suspension of the internal recycling process for the production of copper. The paper presents a new method to recover copper from metallurgical slags in arc-resistance electric furnace. It involves the use of alternating current for a first period reduction, constant or pulsed DC in the final stage of processing. Even distribution of the electric field density in the final phase of melting caused to achieve an extremely low content of metallic copper in the slag phase. They achieved by including the economic effects by reducing the time reduction.
The Effect of Addition of Titanium on The Structure and Properties of High Chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Guzik E. , Siekaniec D. , Szczęsny A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper presents results of Ti-addition to High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) on the structure and selected mechanical properties. For this study casted two sets of cylinders with dimensions ø20 mm, ø15 mm × 250 mm, for the High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) and with the 4% by mass Ti-addition. Melts were performed in the induction furnace crucible capacity of 15 kg. During the heats the cup with installed S type thermocouple was poured to record the cooling curves. The cylinders were subjected to the static bending strength test. Samples for the test microstructure and Rockwell hardness were cut from the cylinders. The study shows that the addition of titanium had an impact on the structure and thus the properties of High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI). In subsequent studies, through an appropriate choice of chemical composition and proper process control, it is planned to obtain in the structure the titanium carbides TiC and chromium carbides with type (Cr, Fe)7C3.
Technological Assessment of the Possibility of Making Light-section Castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 Cast Steel by the Centrifugal Casting Method
Authors: Stradomski G. , Nadolski M. , Stradomski Z. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the results of investigation into the technological possibility of making light-section castings of GX2CrNiMoN25-6-3 cast steel. For making castings with a wall thickness in the thinnest place as small as below 1 mm, the centrifugal casting technology was employed. The technology under consideration enables items with high surface quality to be obtained, while providing a reduced consumption of the charge materials and, as a result, a reduction in the costs of unit casting production.