bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Drop Height on Vertical Jumping Performance in Pre-, Circa-, and Post-Pubertal Boys and Girls
Authors: Birat Anthony , Sebillaud David , Bourdier Pierre , Doré Eric , Duché Pascale , Blazevich Anthony J. , Patikas Dimitrios , Ratel Sébastien 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To examine the effect of drop height on vertical jumping performance in children with respect to sex and maturity status. Methods: Thirty-seven pre-pubertal, 71 circa-pubertal, and 69 post-pubertal boys and girls performed, in a randomized order, 2 squat jumps, 2 countermovement jumps, and 2 drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 cm. The trial with the best jump height in each test was used for analysis. Results: No significant sex × maturity status × jump type interaction for jump height was observed. However, on average, the children jumped higher in the countermovement jump than in squat jump and DJs (+1.2 and +1.6 cm, P < .001, respectively), with no significant differences between DJs and squat jumps or between DJs when increasing drop heights. Regarding DJs, 59.3% of the participants jumped higher from drop heights of 20 to 40 cm. Conclusions: Children, independent of sex and maturity status, performed best in the countermovement jump, and no performance gain was obtained by dropping from heights of 20 to 70 cm. During maturation, the use of drop heights between 20 and 40 cm may be considered in plyometric training, but the optimum height must be obtained individually.
Evaluating the reactivation of herpesviruses and inflammation as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in antiretroviral therapy initiators in an African HIV-infected population (RHICCA): a protocol for a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Peterson Ingrid , Ntusi Ntobeko , Jambo Kondwani , Kelly Christine , Huwa Jacqueline , Afran Louise , Tatuene Joseph Kamtchum , Pett Sarah , Henrion Marc Yves Romain , Van Oosterhout Joep , Heyderman Robert S , Mwandumba Henry , Benjamin Laura A 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionIn Sub-Saharan Africa, the rising rates of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CBD/CVD) are intersecting with an ageing HIV-infected population. The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may confer an additive risk and may not completely suppress the risk associated with HIV infection. High-quality prospective studies are needed to determine if HIV-infected patients in Africa are at increased risk of CBD/CVD and to identify factors associated with this risk. This study will test the hypothesis that immune activation and dysfunction, driven by HIV and reactivation of latent herpesvirus infections, lead to increased CBD/CVD risk in Malawian adults aged ≥35 years.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a single-centre, 36-month, prospective cohort study in 800 HIV-infected patients initiating ART and 190 HIV-uninfected controls in Blantyre, Malawi. Patients and controls will be recruited from government ART clinics and the community, respectively, and will be frequency-matched by 5-year age band and sex. At baseline and follow-up visits, we will measure carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity as surrogate markers of vasculopathy, and will be used to estimate CBD/CVD risk. Our primary exposures of interest are cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster reactivation, changes in HIV plasma viral load, and markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial function. Multivariable regression models will be developed to assess the study’s primary hypothesis. The occurrence of clinical CBD/CVD will be assessed as secondary study endpoints.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Malawi College of Medicine and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine research ethics committees approved this work. Our goal is to understand the pathogenesis of CBD/CVD among HIV cohorts on ART, in Sub-Saharan Africa, and provide data to inform future interventional clinical trials. This study runs between May 2017 and August 2020. Results of the main trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberISRCTN42862937.
How effective is teamwork really? The relationship between teamwork and performance in healthcare teams: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schmutz Jan B. , Meier Laurenz L. , Manser Tanja 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between teamwork and clinical performance and potential moderating variables of this relationship.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcePubMed was searched in June 2018 without a limit on the date of publication. Additional literature was selected through a manual backward search of relevant reviews, manual backward and forward search of studies included in the meta-analysis and contacting of selected authors via email.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they reported a relationship between a teamwork process (eg, coordination, non-technical skills) and a performance measure (eg, checklist based expert rating, errors) in an acute care setting.Data extraction and synthesisModerator variables (ie, professional composition, team familiarity, average team size, task type, patient realism and type of performance measure) were coded and random-effect models were estimated. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsThe review identified 2002 articles of which 31 were included in the meta-analysis comprising 1390 teams. The sample-sized weighted mean correlation wasr=0.28 (corresponding to an OR of 2.8), indicating that teamwork is positively related to performance. The test of moderators was not significant, suggesting that the examined factors did not influence the average effect of teamwork on performance.ConclusionTeamwork has a medium-sized effect on performance. The analysis of moderators illustrated that teamwork relates to performance regardless of characteristics of the team or task. Therefore, healthcare organisations should recognise the value of teamwork and emphasise approaches that maintain and improve teamwork for the benefit of their patients.
How do GPs and patients share the responsibility for cancer safety netting follow-up actions? A qualitative interview study of GPs and patients in Oxfordshire, UK
Authors: Evans Julie , Macartney John I , Bankhead Clare , Albury Charlotte , Jones Daniel , Ziebland Sue , Nicholson Brian D 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo explore patients’ and General Practitioners' (GPs) accounts of how responsibility for follow-up was perceived and shared in their experiences of cancer safety netting occurring within the past 6 months.DesignIn-depth interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed through an abductive process, exploring anticipated and emergent themes. Conceptualisations of ‘responsibility’ were explored by drawing on atransactionaltointerdependentcontinuum drawing from the shared decision-making literature.Settings and participantsA purposive sample of 25 qualified GPs and 23 adult patients in Oxfordshire, UK.ResultsThe transactional sharing approach involves responsibility being passed from GP to patient. Patients expected and were willing to accept responsibility in this way as long as they received clear guidance from their GP and had capacity. In interdependent sharing, GPs principally aimed to reach consensus and share responsibility with the patient by explaining their rationale, uncertainty or by stressing the potential seriousness of the situation. Patients sharing this responsibility could be put at risk if no follow-up or timeframe was suggested, they had inadequate information, were falsely reassured or their concerns were not addressed at re-consultation.ConclusionGPs and patients exchange and share responsibility using a combination of transactional and interdependent styles, tailoring information based on patient characteristics and each party’s level of concern. Clear action plans (written where necessary) at the end of every consultation would help patients decide when to re-consult. Further research should investigate how responsibility is shared within and outside the consultation, within primary care teams and with specialist services.
Endoscopic resection for non-polypoid dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Zhang Yuelun , Chen Wei , Zhao Yi , Wu Dong 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionNon-polypoid low-grade dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with a medium increased risk of colorectal cancer, while treatment recommendations remain controversial. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic treatment for non-polypoid dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.Methods and analysisMedline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and clinical trials registry from database inception to the search date will be used to retrieve eligible studies. Studies that report the curative resection rate or any of other secondary outcomes of endoscopic treatment in patients with non-polypoid dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease will be included in the analysis. We will conduct quantitative synthesis if the eligible studies are homogeneous judging from clinical and methodological perspectives.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was waived by the Ethics Committee of Peking Union Medical College Hospital because there are no individual data involved in the analysis and all the combined results will be retrieved from study-level data. We plan to disseminate results through peer-reviewed journals or conference abstracts.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120413.
Burden of visual impairment associated with eye diseases: exploratory survey of 298 Chinese patients
Authors: Guan Xiaodong , Fu Mengyuan , Lin Fanghui , Zhu Dawei , Vuillermin Daniel , Shi Luwen 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo explore the economic burden, prevalence of catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) and the quality of life (QoL) of Chinese patients with visual impairment (VI) associated with eye diseases.DesignA questionnaire survey from March to May 2016 by structured face-to-face interviews of patients with VI.Participants302 patients who were diagnosed with moderate VI or worse in both eyes (visual acuity <6/18) were included, and 298 patients (98.7%) who completed the survey questionnaires were eligible for the study.Outcome measuresThe economic burden was estimated by calculating participants’ direct costs covered in 2015 and the definition of CHE was out-of-pocket (OOP) costs exceeding 30% of annual household income. QoL was weighed by health utility value using time-trade-off valuation techniques.ResultsAnnual average direct costs per patient caused by VI were US$6988.6±US$10 834.3, and 70.3% were direct medical costs of which only 26.9% were reimbursable by medical insurance. 32.2% of households that suffered from CHE, in particular, were less wealthy patients with VI living in rural areas and without medical insurance. The health utility value was rated at 0.65 on average, and patients with VI aged 51–57, living alone and insured by commercial medical insurance had relatively less QoL.ConclusionOur study explored the economic burden and QoL of VI associated with patients with eye diseases in China, indicating a substantial economic burden and poor QoL. Preferential medical insurance policies should be designed in relation to people with VI to further reduce the health inequalities, avoid CHE and promote QoL.
Common bacterial infections and risk of incident cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Muzambi Rutendo , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Brayne Carol , Smeeth Liam , Warren-Gash Charlotte 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe global burden of dementia is rising, emphasising the urgent need to develop effective approaches to risk reduction. Recent evidence suggests that common bacterial infections may increase the risk of dementia, however the magnitude and timing of the association as well as the patient groups affected remains unclear. We will review existing evidence of the association between common bacterial infections and incident cognitive decline or dementia.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a comprehensive search of published and grey literature from inception to 18 March 2019. The following electronic databases will be searched; MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global health, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Open Grey and the British Library of Electronic Theses databases. There will be no restrictions on the date, language or geographical location of the studies. We will include longitudinal studies with a common clinically symptomatic bacterial infection as an exposure and incident cognitive decline or dementia as an outcome. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias will be performed independently by two researchers. We will assess the risk of bias using the Cochrane collaboration approach. The overall quality of the studies will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations criteria. We will explore the heterogeneity of relevant studies and, if feasible, a meta-analysis will be performed, otherwise we will present a narrative synthesis. We will group the results by exposure and outcome definitions and differences will be described by subgroups and outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required as this is a systematic review of existing research in the public domain. Results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international meetings and conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018119294.
Oral health of high-cost patients and evaluation of oral health measures as predictors for high-cost patients in South Korea: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Yeonkook Joseph 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the oral health conditions and oral health behaviour of high-cost patients and evaluate oral health measures as predictors of future high-cost patients.DesignA retrospective, population-based cohort study using administrative healthcare records.SettingThe National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) medical check-up database (a.k.a. NHIS—national health screening cohort database) in South Korea.Participants131 549 individuals who received biennial health check-ups including dental check-ups in 2011 or 2012, aged 49–88.Primary outcome measuresCurrent and subsequent year high-cost patient status.ResultsHigh-cost patients, on average, incur higher dental costs, suffer more from periodontal disease, brush their teeth less and use secondary oral hygiene products less. Some of the self-reported oral health behaviours and oral symptom variables show statistically significant associations with subsequent year high-cost patient indicators, even after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, medical conditions, and prior healthcare cost and utilisation.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that oral health measures are associated with an increased risk of becoming a high-cost patient.
Executive, language and fluency dysfunction are markers of localised TDP-43 cerebral pathology in non-demented ALS
Authors: Gregory Jenna M , McDade Karina , Bak Thomas H , Pal Suvankar , Chandran Siddharthan , Smith Colin , Abrahams Sharon 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveApproximately 35% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) exhibit mild cognitive deficits in executive functions, language and fluency, without dementia. The precise pathology of these extramotor symptoms has remained unknown. This study aimed to determine the pathological correlate of cognitive impairment in patients with non-demented ALS.MethodsIn-depth neuropathological analysis of 27 patients with non-demented ALS who had undergone cognitive testing (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behaviour ALS Screen (ECAS)) during life. Analysis involved assessing 43 kDa Tar-DNA binding protein (TDP-43) accumulation in brain regions specifically involved in executive functions, language functions and verbal fluency to ascertain whether functional deficits would relate to a specific regional distribution of pathology.ResultsAll patients with cognitive impairment had TDP-43 pathology in extramotor brain regions (positive predictive value of 100%). The ECAS also predicted TDP-43 pathology with 100% specificity in brain regions associated with executive, language and fluency domains. We also detected a subgroup with no cognitive dysfunction, despite having substantial TDP-43 pathology, so called mismatch cases.ConclusionsCognitive impairment as detected by the ECAS is a valid predictor of TDP-43 pathology in non-demented ALS. The profile of mild cognitive deficits specifically predicts regional cerebral involvement. These findings highlight the utility of the ECAS in accurately assessing the pathological burden of disease.
Nasal shedding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in wild boar is related to generalised tuberculosis and concomitant infections
Authors: Risco David , Martínez Remigio , Bravo María , Fernández Llario Pedro , Cerrato Rosario , Garcia‐Jiménez Waldo Luis , Gonçalves Pilar , García Alfredo , Barquero‐Pérez Óscar , Quesada Alberto , Hermoso de Mendoza Javier 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundWild boar is an important reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis, the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). A proportion of tuberculosis (TB)‐affected wild boars shed M tuberculosis by nasal route, favouring the maintenance of bTB in a multihost scenario. The aim of this work was to assess if M tuberculosis nasal excretion is influenced by factors commonly associated with high TB prevalence in wild boar.MethodsTB diagnosis and M tuberculosis isolation were carried out in 112 hunted wild boars from mid‐western Spain. The association between the presence of M tuberculosis DNA in nasal secretions and explanatory factors was explored using partial least squares regression (PLSR) approaches.ResultsDNA from M tuberculosis was detected in 40.8 per cent nasal secretions of the TB‐affected animals. Explanatory factors provided a first significant PLSR X's component, explaining 25.70 per cent of the variability observed in M tuberculosis nasal shedding. The presence of M tuberculosis in nasal secretions is more probable in animals suffering from generalised TB and mainly coinfected with Metastrongylus species and porcine circovirus type 2, explaining nearly 90 per cent of the total variance of this model.ConclusionMeasures aiming to control these factors could be useful to reduce M tuberculosis shedding in wild boar.
Evaluation of covalently linked (bacterio)chlorin-fullerenes as components for organic solar cells
Authors: Sasaki Shin-ichi , Duan Shengnan , Hu WeiDong , Wang Xiao-Feng , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: September 2019

A series of (bacterio)chlorophyll derivatives covalently linked with fullerenes were synthesized to explore their potential as donor–acceptor conjugates to organic solar cells (OSCs). Their physical properties and photovoltaic performances were investigated and compared with (bacterio)chlorins without fullerenes. A weak intramolecular interaction between the (bacterio)chlorin chromophore and the fullerene unit(s) was observed in their electronic absorption spectra in solution, and efficient fluorescence quenching occurred in their monomeric states. All the (bacterio)chlorin-fullerene conjugates worked as components for single material OSCs and the best power conversion efficiency of 0.62% with [Formula: see text] mA cm[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] V, and [Formula: see text] was achieved for chlorin-C3-methyl phenyl-C[Formula: see text]-butylate, DA-2.
Low-carbon GeoEnergy resource options in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK
Authors: Heinemann N. , Alcalde J. , Johnson G. , Roberts J. J. , McCay A. T. , Booth M. G. 
Published: September 2019

Scotland is committed to be a carbon-neutral society by 2040 and has achieved the important initial step of decarbonizing power production. However, more ambitious measures are required to fully decarbonize all of the electricity, transport and heating sectors.
We explore the potential to use low-carbon GeoEnergy resources and bioenergy combined with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in the Midland Valley area to decarbonize the Scottish economy and society. The Midland Valley has a long history of geological resource extraction and, as a result, the geology of the region is well characterized.

Geothermal energy and subsurface energy storage have the potential to be implemented. Some of them, such as gravity and heat storage, could re-use the redundant mining infrastructure to decrease investment costs. Hydrogen storage could be of particular interest as the Midland Valley offers the required caprock–reservoir assemblages. BECCS is also a promising option to reduce overall CO
2
emissions by between 1.10 and 4.40 MtCO
2
a
−1
. The Midland Valley has enough space to grow the necessary crops, but CO
2
storage will most likely be implemented in North Sea saline aquifers. The studied aspects suggest that the Midland Valley represents a viable option in Scotland for the exploitation of the majority of low-carbon GeoEnergy resources.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the ‘Early Career Research’ available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
Typing Messages for Free in Security Protocols
Authors: Chrétien Rémy , Cortier Véronique , Dallon Antoine , Delaune Stéphanie 
Published: September 2019

Security properties of cryptographic protocols are typically expressed as reachability or equivalence properties. Secrecy and authentication are examples of reachability properties, while privacy properties such as untraceability, vote secrecy, or anonymity are generally expressed as behavioral equivalence in a process algebra that models security protocols.
Our main contribution is to reduce the search space for attacks for reachability as well as equivalence properties. Specifically, we show that if there is an attack then there is one that is well-typed. Our result holds for a large class of typing systems, a family of equational theories that encompasses all standard primitives, and protocols without else branches. For many standard protocols, we deduce that it is sufficient to look for attacks that follow the format of the messages expected in an honest execution, therefore considerably reducing the search space.