bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual body size as a predictor of lipid storage in Baltic Sea zooplankton
Authors: Gorokhova Elena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe size structure of a zooplankton community is frequently used as a trait reflecting functional properties, including biochemical composition. Therefore, a shift in zooplankton body size can reflect shifts in the nutritional quality of zooplankton. In dominant Baltic copepods and cladocerans, neutral to polar lipid ratio (NL/PL ratio), a proxy for the mass-normalized lipid storage, was determined and related to individual body weight. A significant relationship between the NL/PL ratio and body weight was found; the latter was the strongest and the most significant predictor of the lipid storage capacity across different species and developmental stages. These findings provide support for using mean body weight in zooplankton community as a proxy for lipid storage capacity of zooplankton prey and justify applicability of zooplankton mean size as an indicator of nutritional conditions for Baltic zooplanktivores.
Computational-guided determination of the functional role of 447-52D long CDRH3
Authors: Kamau Edwin , Bonneau Richard , Kong Xiang-Peng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract447-52D (447) is a human monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope in the crown region of the third variable loop (V3) of HIV-1 gp120, and like many anti-HIV-1 antibodies with broad neutralization capabilities, it has a long heavy-chain complementarity determining region (CDRH3). Here, we use a combination of computational mutagenesis and modeling in tandem with fluorescence polarization assays to interrogate the molecular basis of 447 CDRH3 length and the individual contribution of selected CDRH3 residues to affinity. We observe that 447 CDRH3 length provides a large binding surface area and the best enthalpic contributions derived from hydrophobic packing, main-chain hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. We also found out that CDRH3 residue Try100I is critical to 447 binding affinity.
The impact of extreme heat events on hospital admissions to the Royal Hobart Hospital
Authors: Watson Kaitlyn E , Gardiner Kyle M , Singleton Judith A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Extreme heat (EH) events are increasing in frequency and duration and cause more deaths in Australia than any other extreme weather event. Consequently, EH events lead to an increase in the number of patient presentations to hospitals.

Methods
Climatic observations for Hobart’s region and Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH) emergency department admissions data were collected retrospectively for the study period of 2003–2010. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was fitted using a generalized linear model with quasi-Poisson family to obtain adjusted estimates for the relationship between temperature and the relative risk of being admitted to the RHH.

Results
The model demonstrated that relative to the annual mean temperature of 14°C, the relative risk of being admitted to the RHH for the years 2003–2010 was significantly higher for all temperatures above 27°C (P &lt; 0.05 in all cases). The peak effect upon admission was noted on the same day as the EH event, however, the model suggests that a lag effect exists, increasing the likelihood of admission to the RHH for a further 14 days.

Conclusions
To relieve the added burden on emergency departments during these events, adaptation strategies adopted by public health organizations could include preventative health initiatives.
The simultaneous analysis of mesenchymal stem cells and early osteocytes accumulation in osteoarthritic femoral head sclerotic bone
Authors: Ilas Dragos C , Churchman Sarah M , Baboolal Thomas , Giannoudis Peter V , Aderinto Joseph , McGonagle Dennis , Jones Elena 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
OA subchondral bone is a key target for therapy development. Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cell, critically regulate bone formation and resorption. Their progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), display altered behaviour in osteoarthritic subchondral bone. This study investigated the relationships between native osteocytes and native MSCs in osteoarthritic femoral heads.

Methods
To avoid culture manipulations, a bone treatment procedure was developed to simultaneously obtain pure osteocyte-enriched fragments and matched native CD45-CD271+ MSCs. Gene expression in osteocytes and MSCs was compared between healthy and OA bone and selected molecules were examined by immunohistochemistry in relation to OA tissue pathology. Cell sorting and standard trilineage differentiation assays were employed to test OA MSC functionality.

Results
Native osteocyte enrichment was confirmed histologically and by higher-level osteocyte maturation transcripts expression, compared with purified MSCs. Compared with healthy bone, native OA osteocytes expressed 9- and 4-fold more early/embedding osteocyte molecules E11 and MMP14, and 6-fold more osteoprotegerin (P<0.01). CD271+ MSCs accumulated in the regions of bone sclerosis (9-fold, P<0.0001) in close juxtaposition to trabeculae densely populated with morphologically immature E11-positive osteocytes (medians of 76% vs 15% in non-sclerotic areas, P<0.0001), and osteoblasts. Gene expression of OA MSCs indicated their bone formation bias, with retained multipotentiality following culture-expansion.

Conclusions
In human late-stage OA, osteogenically-committed MSCs and adjacent immature osteocytes exhibit a marked accumulation in sclerotic areas. This hitherto unappreciated MSC-early osteocyte axis could be key to understanding bone abnormalities in OA and represents a potential target for novel therapy development in early disease.
Literacy, Advocacy and Agency: The Campaign for Political Recognition of Dyslexia in Britain (1962–1997)
Authors: Kirby Philip 
Published: March 2019

Summary
This article charts the campaign for political recognition of dyslexia in Britain, focusing on the period from 1962 when concerted interest in the topic began. Through the Word Blind Centre for Dyslexic Children (1963–72), and the organisations that followed, it shows how dyslexia gradually came to be institutionalised, often in the face of government intransigence. The article shows how this process is best conceived as a complex interplay of groups, including advocates, researchers, civil servants and politicians of varying political stripes. Necessarily, the campaign was mediated through broader political, economic and social changes, including the increasing requirement for literacy in the productive worker, but it is not reducible to these factors. In this way, the article reflects on the conceptualisation of power and agency in accounts of the history of dyslexia to date and its broader relevance to the history of learning difficulties and disabilities.
Large branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins in subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest
Authors: Zhu Shi-Dan , Li Rong-Hua , He Peng-Cheng , Siddiq Zafar , Cao Kun-Fang , Ye Qing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
As a global biodiversity hotspot, the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBF) in southern China is strongly influenced by the humid monsoon climate, with distinct hot-wet and cool-dry seasons. However, the hydraulic strategies of this forest are not well understood. Branch and leaf hydraulic safety margins (HSMbranch and HSMleaf, respectively), as well as seasonal changes in predawn and midday leaf water potential (Ψpd and Ψmd), stomatal conductance (Gs), leaf to sapwood area ratio (AL/AS) and turgor loss point (Ψtlp), were examined for woody species in a mature SEBF. For comparison, we compiled these traits of tropical dry forests (TDFs) and Mediterranean-type woodlands (MWs) from the literature because they experience a hot-dry season. We found that on average, SEBF showed larger HSMbranch and HSMleaf than TDF and MW. During the dry season, TDF and MW species displayed a significant decrease in Ψpd and Ψmd. However, SEBF species showed a slight decrease in Ψpd but an increase in Ψmd. Similar to TDF and MW species, Gs was substantially lower in the dry season for SEBF species, but this might be primarily because of the low atmospheric temperature (low vapor pressure deficit). On the other hand, AL/AS and Ψtlp were not significant different between seasons for any SEBF species. Most SEBF species had leaves that were more resistant to cavitation than branches. Additionally, species with stronger leaf-to-branch vulnerability segmentation tended to have smaller HSMleaf but larger HSMbranch. Our results suggest that SEBF is at low hydraulic risk under the current climate.
Occupational food allergy
Authors: Fukutomi Yuma 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Occupation is an important contributing factor in the presentation of allergic disease in adults. This review article focuses on the contribution of occupation to the development and presentation of food allergies.

Recent findings
A variety of occupations involve repeated transdermal and respiratory exposures to food-related allergens, which can result in sensitization. A sensitized individual can then manifest symptoms of food allergy after ingestion of the relevant food, even in a nonoccupational setting. Cooks and other food-processing workers bear increased risk for being sensitized to foods. Although any type of food can become a causal agent for this phenomenon, published cases of occupational food allergy concentrate on fish and seafood allergies among cooks and food-processing workers who come into direct contact with these foods. Latex–fruit syndrome is also a relatively common form of occupational food allergy among healthcare workers. Hand eczema has also been shown to be an important risk factor for occupational sensitization to food allergens.

Summary
The association of occupation with food allergy in adults has been documented. Considering the under-recognized nature of this phenomenon, we should be aware in our clinical practice that a patient's occupation might be relevant to his or her food allergy.
Smartphone applications in orthopaedic surgery: a review of the literature and application analysis
Authors: Chen Eric A. , Ellahie Ahmed K. , Barsi James M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Smartphone applications have become ubiquitous in various industries. Medicine is no exception. Recent studies have stated the prevalence of smartphone use by physicians to be nearly 90%. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature and a descriptive analysis of the apps within the field of orthopaedics.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using Medline and Embase. Search terms included the text word queries “smartphone,” “phone,” “cellphone,” “iphone,” “ipad,” or “android” which yielded 17,430 Medline articles and 35,166 Embase articles. The search was limited to papers in the English language that included the text word queries “orthopedic,” “orthopedics,” “orthopaedic,” and “orthopaedics”.

Results:
After accounting for duplicates, the total number of articles was 677. After reviewing the abstracts of these articles, 34 articles were identified and their full texts were obtained for analysis of data that matched our inclusion criteria. Smartphone applications have shown promise within a multitude of subspecialties across the field of orthopaedics. Applications ranging in capabilities from angular management to preoperative templating and quantification of gait have already been developed and analyzed in the literature.

Conclusions:
As more advanced applications are developed, it is likely that smartphones will gain an ever greater presence both in the operative room and clinical settings.
Management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Roofeh David , Jaafar Sara , Vummidi Dharshan , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
To review the recently published data and provide a practical overview for management of systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD).

Recent findings
Published evidence shows considerable practitioner variability in screening patients for ILD. Recent published data support use of cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil as first-line treatment of SSc-ILD. For patients not responding to first-line therapies, consideration is given to rituximab as rescue therapy. Recent trials of hematopoietic autologous stem cell transplantation have demonstrated benefit in patients with progressive SSc-ILD. Antifibrotic agents are approved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; studies with antifibrotics are underway for SSc-ILD.

Summary
The specter of rapidly progressive lung disease requires clinicians to risk stratify patients according to known predictors for progression and rigorously monitor for symptoms and advancing disease. The abovementioned therapies promise improved efficacy and favorable side-effect profiles compared to cyclophosphamide.
Arthritis risk with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer
Authors: Pundole Xerxes , Abdel-Wahab Noha , Suarez-Almazor Maria E. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the current evidence on inflammatory arthritis following cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and the effects of these therapies in patients with preexisting autoimmune arthritis.

Recent findings
As the use of ICI for cancer therapy continues to expand, a myriad of immune-related adverse events (irAE) caused by these therapies are being recognized. Arthritis has been increasingly reported as a de novo irAE, presenting sometimes as a well defined disorder, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, and in other occasions as undifferentiated monoarthritis, oligoarthritis, or polyarthritis. Remitting seronegative symmetric synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) and tenosynovitis have also been reported. Most published cases are reported as mild to moderate in severity. The most common treatment for arthritis has been systemic corticosteroids, although several patients have been treated with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), and a few, with biologic DMARD.

Summary
Arthritis following ICI therapy is pleomorphic. Prompt identification and treatment are imperative to achieve optimal outcomes. Management should be multidisciplinary, including rheumatologists and oncologists, to ensure prompt symptomatic and functional management and continuation of cancer therapy as appropriate.
Opioid use in rheumatoid arthritis: trends, efficacy, safety, and best practices
Authors: Day Alvin Lee , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
The opioid epidemic remains prominent in both the medical literature and popular media. Rheumatologists are among the physicians at the forefront of the epidemic because of the prominent role of pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the limited options for treatment of pain. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the trends of opioid use among patients with RA, to discuss the various mechanisms of RA pain, review the available evidence for opioid efficacy in RA, and to promote a guideline for best practices in opioid prescribing.

Recent findings
Recent cohort studies have estimated that up to 40% of patients with RA are regular users of opioids, and the effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are minimal in reducing opioid use. Although the literature supports the efficacy of short-term opioids for the improvement in pain, long-term use is associated with reduced efficacy and increased safety concerns.

Summary
Although the data supporting the use of long-term opioid use in patients with RA is poor, rheumatologists can adhere to best practices for determining when and if initiation of opioids is appropriate. Identification of the nature of the pain can help determine the appropriate course of treatment.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Multilevel Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Adult Degenerative Scoliosis
Authors: Katz Austen D. , Singh Hardeep , Greenwood Matthew , Cote Mark , Moss Isaac L. 
Published: March 2019

Study Design:
Retrospective review of prospective data.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, radiographic, and complication-related outcomes through ≥1-year of 27 patients who underwent lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with posterior instrumentation to treat ≥3 contiguous levels of degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data:
Multilevel disease has traditionally been treated with open posterior fusion. Literature on multilevel LLIF is limited. We present our experience with utilizing LLIF to treat multilevel degenerative scoliosis.

Methods:
Clinical outcomes were evaluated using VAS, SF-12, and ODI. Radiographic outcomes included pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch, Cobb angle, and cage subsidence. Perioperative and long-term complications through the ≥1-year final-postoperative visit were reviewed; transient neurological disturbances were assessed independently. Demographic, comorbidity, operative, and recovery variables, including opioid use, were explored for association with primary outcomes.

Results:
Mean time to final-postoperative visit was 22.5 months; levels treated with LLIF per patient, 3.7; age, 66 years; and lateral operative time, 203 minutes. EBL was ≤100 mL in 74% of cases. Clinical outcomes remained significantly improved at ≥1-year. Cobb angle was corrected from 21.1 to 7.9 degrees (P<0.001), lordosis from 47.3 to 52.6 degrees (P<0.001), and mismatch from 11.4 to 6.4 degrees (P=0.003). High-grade subsidence occurred in 3 patients. Subsidence did not significantly impact primary outcomes. In total, 11.1% returned to the operating room for complication-related intervention over nearly 2-years; 37% experienced complications. Experiencing a complication was associated with having an open-posterior portion (P=0.048), but not with number of LLIF levels treated, or with clinical or radiographic outcomes. No patients experienced protracted neurological deficits; psoas weakness was associated with increased lateral operative time (P=0.049) and decreased surgeon experience (P=0.028).

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent multilevel LLIF with adjunctive posterior surgery had significant clinical and radiographic improvements. Complication rates were similar compared to literature on single-level LLIF. LLIF is a viable treatment for multilevel degenerative scoliosis.
Combination of Sclerotherapy and Dual-Wavelength Laser in the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas in Chinese Infants
Authors: Lin Li , Guo Peng , Cao Yongqian , Li Qiang , Zhang Jian , Huo Ran 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sclerotherapy and dual-wavelength pulsed dye laser (PDL) & Nd:YAG for infantile hemangiomas (IHs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Fifty-nine patients with IH received treatment with sclerotherapy and dual-wavelength PDL & Nd:YAG treatment at 4-week intervals. Observers assessed the size and color of IH using a size rating scale and color rating scale before and after treatments.

RESULTS
The study showed that IH improved significantly after several sessions of treatment. Sclerotherapy reduced the size of IH, whereas dual-wavelength laser lightened the color of IH. No serious adverse effects occurred.

CONCLUSION
Combined sclerotherapy and dual-wavelength laser treatment is an effective and safe option for IH.
Influence of Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index on the Depth of the Superficial Fascia in the Face and Neck
Authors: Casabona Gabriela , Frank Konstantin , Koban Konstantin C. , Schenck Thilo L. , Lopez Valeria P. , Webb Katherine L. , Hamade Hassan , Freytag David L. , Green Jeremy B. , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
Nonsurgical skin-tightening procedures are increasing in popularity, as patients seek aesthetic interventions that are safe with minimal downtime.

OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to provide precise data on the depth of the superficial fascia—the structure of action—of the face and neck.

METHODS
One hundred fifty Caucasian individuals (75 men and 75 women) were investigated with a balanced distribution of age (n = 30 per decade: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69 years) and body mass index (BMI) (n = 50 per group: BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2, BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The distance between skin surface and the superficial fascia was measured through ultrasound in the buccal region, premasseteric region, and lateral neck.

RESULTS
The mean distance between skin surface and superficial fascia was for the buccal region 4.82 ± 0.9 mm, range (2.60–6.90); for the premasseteric region 4.25 ± 0.6 mm, range (2.60–5.80); and for the lateral neck 3.71 ± 0.5 mm, range (2.0–5.0). The depth of the superficial fascia increased with increasing BMI, whereas it decreased with advanced age.

CONCLUSION
Knowing the precise depth of the superficial fascia for nonsurgical skin-tightening procedures will guide practitioners toward safer and more effective outcomes.
Diminished ovarian reserve versus ovarian aging: overlaps and differences
Authors: Ata Baris , Seyhan Ayse , Seli Emre 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Diminished ovarian reserve, in general, implies a quantitative decline in the oocyte pool. However, whether this quantitative decline is necessarily accompanied by a qualitative decline, remains to be determined.

Recent findings
Studies of natural conception suggest that fecundity of women with a quantitative decline in ovarian reserve is similar to age-matched women with normal ovarian reserve. Data on rates of pregnancy loss and fetal chromosomal abnormality do not consistently suggest a decline in oocyte quality in women who has a lower ovarian reserve. In assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles, oocytes from women with diminished ovarian reserve have similar potential for euploid blastocyst development. Likewise, available evidence does not strongly suggest an increased risk of pregnancy loss in women with diminished reserve undergoing ART treatment as compared with similarly aged woman with normal ovarian reserve.

Summary
Quantitative decline in ovarian reserve may not be necessarily accompanied by a qualitative decline. Although a decreased number of follicles and poor response to ovarian stimulation are hallmarks of ovarian aging, younger women with diminished ovarian reserve may not be experiencing the distinct effects of aging on oocyte quality.