bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Eosinophilia of Magnesium Deficiency
Authors: HUNGERFORD GERALD F. , KARSON EUGENE F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experimental magnesium deficiency has been produced by dietary means in intact and adrenalectomized rats. The numbers and distributions of eosinophiles and mast cells were studied.
1. Adrenal ablation produced a mild blood eosinophilia and the numbers of mast cells were reduced in peritoneal fluid. Tissue eosinophilia was not observed.
2. Magnesium deficiency in both intact and adrenalectomized rats is accompanied by an extremely high blood eosinophilia. Concurrently the numbers of peritoneal fluid eosinophiles increased while the numbers of peritoneal mast cells decreased.
3. Massive infiltration of eosinophiles into the lung, submaxillary gland and mesenteric lymph nodes were observed in all magnesium deficient groups. Mast cells were found in the liver sinusoids and spleen of adrenalectomized, magnesium deficient animals of the chronic phase where these cells are not normally present.
High Fetal—Hemoglobin C Disease: A New Syndrome
Authors: MCCORMICK WILLIAM F. , HUMPHREYS ELEANOR W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of interaction of the genes for hemoglobin C and "high fetal" has been reported, with an incomplete family study. The "high F" gene seems to behave as a dominant one.
A discussion of the relationship, if any, with this disease to "classical" C-thalassemia was presented. The evidence is inconclusive, but this case does not fit the picture of C-thalassemia as previously reported and is considered to be a separate condition.
SERUM PROTEIN CHANGES IN MYELOGENOUS AND LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIAS AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE
Authors: NITSHE G. A. , COHEN PHILIP P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Using a methyl alcohol fractionation technic, the albumin, globulin, and total protein levels were determined in a series of normal adults and compared with cases of myelogenous and lymphocytic leukemias and Hodgkin’s disease.
2. Statistically significant decreases in albumin and increases in globulin were found in the cases of Hodgkin’s disease and myelogenous leukemia, but without significant changes in total protein. Globulin levels above the highest normal value were found in 23 per cent of the former and 33 per cent of the latter group.
3. No apparent relationship was noted between the levels of the serum protein fractions and (1) the hemoglobin level, (2) the erythrocyte count, (3) the peripheral white blood cell picture, and (4) the bone marrow smears.
HEMATOPOIESIS IN PANTOTHENIC ACID-DEFICIENT RATS
Authors: ASHBURN L. L. , DAFT FLOYD S. , FAULKNER R. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rats fed a purified diet low in pantothenic acid developed granulocytopenia and anemia singly or in combination. In the former, the marrow showed marked depletion of granulocytes, particularly of the more mature cells, and a slight increase in erythroid cells. In combined granulocytopenia and anemia the granulocytes of the marrow were still further reduced and the erythroid cells were also depleted. Marked reduction in the number of megakaryocytes occurred both in the granulocytopenic and in the granulocytopenic and anemic rats. Purpura was noted grossly in about 25 per cent of the rats of both groups. In anemia without accompanying granulocytopenia the marrow granulocytes showed slight to moderate depletion, whereas the erythroid index (mean) was not significantly lowered. Megakaryocytes were moderately reduced.
Lymphoid tissue—spleen, thymus, and cervical nodes—showed atrophy of variable degree, most marked in the thymus.
Adrenal glands showed marked depletion of cortical lipoids and rarely hemorrhage and necrosis.
Following treatment with combined folic acid, pantothenic acid, and niacinamide, granulocytopenic rats responded by showing a prompt rise in lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, marked granulocyte response of the bone marrow, increased splenic hematopoiesis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and increased lipoid content of the adrenal glands.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANEMIA ON PHAGOCYTIC FUNCTIONS IN RATS
Authors: BERRY L. JOE , HALLER EVELYN C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Young male albino rats were subjected to weekly bleedings by cardiac puncture for eleven weeks. Phagocytic activity of the granulocytes in this blood was determined at each bleeding by a whole blood in vitro technic and compared to that of the blood from a control group consisting of 5 animals. Total blood cell counts and hemoglobin determinations were also made each week with both groups. The control animals were not bled more frequently than once in six weeks.
2. Phagocytic function in the bled animals increased approximately 40 per cent above the values for the controls during the period of weekly bleeding. There was no evidence of anemia developing during this period.
3. The experimental animals were then bled three times weekly for five weeks. Phagocytosis increased about 80 per cent above control values and the anemia became severe. Macrophages obtained from a peritoneal exudate stimulated by injections of mineral oil at the end of this five week period became approximately twice as phagocytic as macrophages from control animals.
4. With the cessation of bleeding, there was a complete remission of the anemia as measured after two weeks and the phagocytic activity of the blood had dropped below normal. There was a partial return to normal within four weeks, but it was still slightly subnormal at six weeks. The macrophages, on the other hand, were normal when tested four weeks after recovery.
5. Control animals subjected to ether anesthesia thrice weekly for six weeks showed normal phagoctyic functions, as measured with blood and macrophages.
6. These results are discussed in the light of earlier experiments on the phagocytic activity of blood from anemic humans.
CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS IN HODGKIN’S DISEASE
Authors: FORTEZA-BOVER J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The results of cytomorphologic observations in 18 patients with Hodgkin’s disease as studied by lymph node puncture showed:
1. The origin of proliferative elements from the reticulum of the lymphatic tissue.
2. The aggressive growth and rapid evolution of a neoplastic nature in some cases of Hodgkin’s disease.
3. The value of lymph node puncture as a diagnostic method and an aid in following the course of the disease.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS IN NORMAL AND IN ANEMIC BLOOD
Authors: BERRY L. JOE , LEYENDECKER RUTH M. , SPIES TOM D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The nature of the increased phagocytic activity of the neutrophiles in anemic blood as measured in vitro is investigated. The reliability of the method is discussed and ways of improving the accuracy are described.
2. Whole normal blood was diluted to anemic levels with physiological saline alone or with additional homologous serum in order to test the effect of mechanical interference of a variable number of cells on phagocytosis. The results are equivocal. Reducing erythrocyte numbers to anemic levels by removing the packed red cells in centrifuged blood and then resuspending the remaining cells and serum showed that no change in phagocytosis was produced by this means.
3. Data on varying the oxygen tension in the atmosphere above the phagocytic system showed no consistent effects except a possible elevation in phagocytosis in pure oxygen. The time of exposure to the gases varied from zero to five hours before the addition of the bacterial suspension to the system.
4. Washed leukocytes from anemic blood had the same elevated phagocytic activity when returned to either anemic serum or to normal serum, while washed normal leukocytes had the same phagocytosis in both normal and anemic serum. It was therefore concluded that the change leading to an increased phagocytosis in anemia occurs in the neutrophile rather than in the serum.
5. These findings are discussed in the light of additional data now being prepared for publication.
A STUDY OF THE BONE MARROW FROM THIRTY-SIX PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC HEMORRHAGIC (THROMBOPENIC) PURPURA
Authors: DIGGS L. W. , HEWLETT J. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Observations made on the bone marrow smears of 36 patients with idiopathic hemorrhagic purpura and the correlation of the findings with the clinical picture are presented. The control series consisted of 50 patients with nonhemorrhagic conditions without blood dyscrasias.
2. The bone marrow in idiopathic hemorrhagic purpura is hyperplastic. There is a slight myeloid and erythroid immaturity and in some cases a slight eosinophilia and lymphocytosis.
3. The megakaryocyte counts ranged from 3 to 59 per 10,000 nucleated cells, with an average of 17. In the control series the megakaryocytes ranged from 1 to 54 per 10,000 nucleated cells, with an average of 16.
4. There appears to be no correlation between the number of megakaryocytes found in the marrow smears during the acute phase of the disease and the prognosis with or without splenectomy. There is also no apparent correlation between the number of megakaryocytes and the platelet response following splenectomy.
5. The megakaryocytes were classified as megakaryoblasts, immature, intermediate, or mature megakaryocytes, or as naked nuclei. The principal criteria for the differentiation of megakaryocytes are the granules and the presence or absence of granular platelets.
6. The differential megakaryocyte counts were made by examining 25 or more megakaryocytes. In the control series the mature megakaryocytes which are actively producing platelets are the predominant cells, whereas in idiopathic hemorrhagic purpura the intermediate cell without platelet production is predominant.
7. Marrow studies on 2 of our patients before and after splenectomy revealed a decrease in the relative number of megakaryocytes and an increase in the number of platelet-producing cells following operation.
8. No correlation was found between the eosinophil counts and the deaths, recurrences, or cures with or without splenectomy.
9. The principal value of the bone marrow examination in cases of suspected idiopathic hemorrhagic purpura is to exclude leukemia and aplastic anemia.
EFFECTS OF X-RAY ON LYMPHOID AND HEMOPOIETIC TISSUES OF ALBINO MICE
Authors: BRECHER G. , ENDICOTT K. M. , GUMP H. , BRAWNER H. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative myelograms, peripheral blood counts and the histologic appearance of lymphoid tissues were studied in albino mice of the CFW strain during a period of 4 weeks following single whole body radiation of medium dosage.
Nucleated red blood cells disappeared almost completely from the marrow within 24 hours after irradiation. Regeneration of the erythroid series commenced around the 7th day. Only mild to moderate anemia developed, presumably due to the longevity of red blood cells.
Suppression of mitotic activity and diminution of the myeloid marrow was marked during the first week after irradiation. Granulocytopenia in the peripheral blood was severe for a very short period only. In contrast, early damage to the lymphoid tissue was more pronounced and lymphopenia was of longer duration than granulocytopenia in spite of early regeneration of the lymphoid tissues. Differences in the relative amount of damage to lymphoid and myeloid tissues and in their rates of regeneration were not of sufficient magnitude to indicate a truly selective damage to the lymphoid tissues under the conditions of our expermiments.
No morphologic evidence of damage to the reticuloendothelial system was found. The possible use of irradiated animals for functional studies of the lymphoid apparatus is discussed.
THIAMIN DEFICIENCY IN THE RHESUS MONKEY
Authors: RINEHART J. F. , GREENBERG L. D. , GINZTON L. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Seven rhesus monkeys were subjected to one or more episodes of acute thiamin depletion. It is clear that significant metabolic inadequacies preceded demonstrable structural changes. Diminished food consumption and weight loss were manifest about two weeks after thiamin was removed from the diet. When the deficiency was prolonged the animals became apathetic, inactive and progressively weaker. This was followed by ataxia and at times ptosis and tremors. Even in such advanced states of depletion, administration of thiamin produced dramatic improvement in locomotion, appetite and reactivity. The blood thiamin content of normal monkeys ranged from 5.5 to 10γ per 100 ml. of whole blood, values which are comparable to those of healthy human beings. Following withdrawal of thiamin the blood concentration fell to values of 4γ or less. The tissue content of thiamin was correspondingly reduced in depleted animals. The minimum daily requirement for thiamin calculated on the basis of the time required to redeplete a deficient monkey following a small dose of thiamin was approximately 15γ per kilogram body weight. Characteristic degenerative changes in the heart muscle and severe retrogressive changes in the nuclear structures of the central nervous system previously reported were noted. Based on careful hematologic studies in 4 animals it is concluded that thiamin is essential for normal erythropoiesis. Acute or chronic depletion results in anemia due to suppression of red blood cell formation as indicated by severe depression or absence of reticulocytes in the blood.
THE CHEMICAL SPECIFICITY OF THE INTERACTION OF DIVERSE HUMAN PLASMA PROTEINS
Authors: COHN EDWIN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The chemical methods that have been developed for the separation, concentration and purification of the protein, glycoprotein, mucoprotein, and lipoprotein components of any biologic system, by fractionation in alcohol-water mixtures at controlled pH, salt, and protein concentration, at the subzero temperatures necessary to prevent denaturation, have thus far led to the recognition and concentration of over twenty-five different protein components of human plasma. These include albumins of more than one kind; immune globulins which differ in their physical properties and interactions with antigens: lipoproteins which differ in their physical properties and interactions with steroids; enzymes with protease, peptidase, lipase, phosphatase and esterase activity; thrombin, fibrinogen, and the antihemophilic globulin concerned with blood coagulation; iodoprotein and the recently crystallized metal-combining protein which interacts with both copper and iron and is presumably concerned with transport in the plasma.
This number of plasma proteins is far greater than can be detected electrophoretically or in the ultracentrifuge. Chemical fractionation has yielded at least four β1-globulins and at least two α1-and three α2-globulins. The α2-globulins include a mucoprotein and glycoproteins of more than one kind; the α1-globulins, the bilirubin-containing globulin in Fraction V-I and the lipoprotein in Fraction IV-I. The β1-globulins include the carotene-rich euglobulin which combines with three times its weight of lipid as well as a high molecular weight lipid-free β1-globulin, both of which are concentrated in Fraction III-o. Fraction III also contains β1-globulins of different molecular properties. The iron-binding component of the plasma, crystal ized from fraction IV-7, is a lipid-free β1-globulin and is more closely related to the albumins than to other globulins from the point of view of osmotic activity. Electrophoretically indistinguishable, these different β1-globulins have no other common property. The lipid-binding plasma component is a β1-euglobulin, the iron-binding β1-component a pseudoglobulin. They differ in size, shape, in solubility, in chemical composition and interaction, and in physiological function.
The separation and concentration of the various proteins of human plasma was undertaken during this war in order to render as many as possible available as therapeutic agents and thus to increase our knowledge and control of the composition of the blood in health and in disease. Many more have been separated and are being studied chemically than have thus far been brought to clinical trial. Their study renders possible the further investigation of the chemical specificity of the interactions of the plasma proteins, which are responsible for many of the tests that have in the past, or may in the future, prove of value in the clinic in the study of pathological sera and the understanding of the specific protein component that is either elevated or deficient in this condition.
THE HEMOGLOBIN OF HEALTHY COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATES AND COMPARISONS WITH VARIOUS MEDICAL, SOCIAL, PHYSIOLOGIC AND OTHER FACTORS
Authors: HEATH CLARK W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The distribution of hemoglobins (obtained by the Sahli method on venous blood and by the O2 capacity method of Van Slyke) and the red blood cell counts of 153 to 259 college men, selected for participation in the Grant Study, are reported.
2. There is a statistically significant relationship between the hemoglobin and the pulse rate (those subjects having higher pulse rates tending to have higher hemoglobins). This relationship is apparently associated with emotional factors.
3. No significant relationship could be established between hemoglobin level and a variety of other factors, including socio-economic, dietary, physiologic, medical, body-build and others.
HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS APPLIED TO HEMATOLOGY
Authors: RHEINGOLD JACK J. , WISLOCKI GEORGE B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In table 1 we have attempted briefly to characterize some of the principal blood cell types by means of the various histochemical methods. The data assembled in the table are derived from the present study as well as from the previous papers from this laboratory. The condensed phrases of the table should be referred back to the observations and discussions presented in the text. The spaces which are left blank do not indicate negative reactions but signify merely that critical data are still outstanding.
Besides offering new observations, the present paper summarizes some recent literature on the chemical histology of the cells of blood and bone marrow. The investigation concerns the demonstration and characterization of lipids, nucleo-proteins, mucopolysaccharides, acid and alkaline phosphatases and glycogen by a variety of recently developed technics. It serves to illustrate how histochemical procedures can be utilized to explore the chemical composition and functional activities of cells.
THE POSSIBILITY OF PRECIPITATING THE LEUKEMIC STATE BY EMOTIONAL FACTORS
Authors: MILLER F. R. , JONES H. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The emotional background of 6 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia are reviewed after psychiatric interviews. In 4, emotional instability was of long standing and in these 4, chronic worry and anxiety seemed to be an integral part of the pre-leukemic history. One of the other 2 suffered emotional trauma early in life and one had lived a life of misery as a child and an adult. Further study of emotional factors in relation to pre-leukemic histories should be made.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MEGAKARYOCYTES IN THE PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
Authors: WHITBY LIONEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Leuko-erythroblastic anemia, with leuko-erythroblastosis, rather than anemia, when associated either with the presence of megakaryocytes or giant platelets in the circulation, is very suggestive of the myeloid metaplasia so commonly found with myelofibrosis.
2. Associated splenomegaly with subsequent slow progress to hepatomegaly and a tendency to hypertension are confirmatory clinical features.
3. Sternal puncture may or may not confirm the diagnosis, but if the specimen contains megakaryocytes, the fact is highly significant. Difficulty in piercing the bone or in obtaining a satisfactory marrow sample are points in favor of a myelofibrosis, which should be confirmed by the histologic examination of a trephined specimen.
4. Controlled radiologic examination of the bones is sometimes of value in establishing a diagnosis in the idiopathic disease.
5. A similar blood picture may occur with polycythemia vera, with myeloid leukemia and, occasionally, with other conditions in which invasion of the bonemarrow occurs. In polycythemia vera the finding suggests a terminal phase of exhaustion; in myeloid leukemia, likewise, the megakaryocytic phenomenon is usually an ominous sign of the terminal phase.
6. When megakaryocytes are found in the circulation a diagnosis of myelofibrosis should always be considered.
BONE MARROW OF NORMAL GUINEA PIGS
Authors: SAWITSKY ARTHUR , MEYER LEO M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A method is presented describing the technic for obtaining bone marrow from the iliac crest of the guinea pig by aspiration.
2. The cellular constituents in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of normal guinea pigs are presented.
3. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings in guinea pigs are compared with those of other observers and with other animal species where the aspiration technic was used.
ON CERTAIN VARIATIONS IN ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS
Authors: CHOWN BRUCE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have attempted first, to show that raw, mass statistics on erythroblastosis, however valuable they may be in some respects, can lead to serious error. Results will vary with the mode of collection, and with the care with which every family included in the statistics is studied. The inclusion of mild, often subclinical, cases will make the prognosis appear better. The inclusion of families in which unrecorded abortions or transfusions have taken place, will make the prognosis appear worse. Abortion and transfusion are most active agents in producing disease in later born children.
We have further set out our observations on certain blood group relationships and their possible effect on the development of Rh-erythroblastosis. These observations we do not regard as more than indications for further study.
Finally we have given, so far as we have them, the pregnancy summaries of 13 families in which anomalous results occurred, namely 9 in which normal children succeeded diseased children; 4 in which normal children were born to mothers with anti-Rh antibodies in their blood, of whom 2 had received Rh-incompatible transfusions, one had antibodies at the sixth week of a first pregnancy, and was therefore probably presensitized, and 1 was sensitized by multiple pregnancies only. While it is possible that the blood groups may be a factor in the last 4, they do not seem to play a part in the first 9. To us, this is a group of great importance, suggesting as it does, that other factors than blood incompatibility play an important, at times a deciding, role in the development or non-development of erythroblastosis.
Rh ISOSENSITIZATION IN THE AMERICAN NEGRO
Authors: SACKS MILTON S. , GUILBEAU JOSEPH A. , BRADFORD GEORGE T. , JAHN ELSA F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Studies of the Rh factor in 11,486 pregnant female American Negroes revealed 1,302 who were Rh0 negative (8.4 per cent). Sixty-four cases of isosensitization were encountered which gave an incidence of 4.9 per cent in the Rh-negative patients. In comparison, among 8,889 Rh0-negative Caucasians, 460 cases of isosensitization (5.2 per cent) were encountered. The difference was found to be statistically insignificant.
2. Two typical examples of erythroblastosis fetalis in American Negro infants are presented.
EXTRAMEDULLARY BLOOD PRODUCTION
Authors: PLUM CLAUS MUNK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Investigations of extramedullary foci of hematopoieses demonstrate that, in human beings, the extramedullary hematopoiesis in the fetus at term is more pronounced in the mammary glands of the female than in those of the male. The author suggests the possibility that there may be a connection between the location of the foci, and the liability of metastasis in cancer, especially in mammary and prostatic cancer.