bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of two screening tools to identify psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Coates L.C. , Savage L.J. , Chinoy H. , Laws P.M. , Lovell C.R. , Korendowych E. , Mahmood F. , Mathieson H.R. , McGonagle D. , Warren R.B. , Waxman R. , Helliwell P.S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with psoriasis have undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis. Low specificity is found with many PsA screening tools. A new instrument, the CONTEST questionnaire, was developed utilizing the most discriminative items from existing instruments.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the CONTEST and PEST screening tools.MethodsPeople attending secondary care clinics with psoriasis, but not PsA, completed the questionnaires, were assessed for function and quality of life, and had a physical examination. Patients thought to have PsA were compared to those without. The performance of CONTEST and PEST was compared using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), and sensitivity and specificity at the previously published cut‐offs.ResultsA total of 451 dermatology patients were approached, 35% were reviewed and 27 (17%, 95% CI 12.3–21.7) had unidentified psoriatic arthritis. The sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) of PEST were 0.60 (0.42–0.78)/0.76 (0.69–0.83) and for CONTEST 0.53 (0.34–0.72)/0.71 (0.63–0.79). The confidence limits for the AUC overlapped (AUC for PEST 0.72 (0.61–0.84), for CONTEST 0.66 (0.54–0.77).ConclusionsPEST and CONTEST questionnaires performed equally well, with no superiority of the new CONTEST tool.
The nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) score detects malnutrition risk in patients admitted to nephrology wards
Authors: MacLaughlin H. L. , Twomey J. , Saunt R. , Blain S. , Campbell K. C. , Emery P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundNutritional screening tools recommended for the general hospitalised population do not always adequately detect malnutrition risk in patients with kidney disease. The present study assessed the validity and reliability of the Nutrition Impact Symptoms (NIS) score as a nutrition screening tool for hospitalised inpatients prefer in nephrology wards.MethodsNutritional status was classified using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). NIS scores were calculated from the total score of responses to questions assessing symptoms impacting upon nutritional status from the patient‐generated SGA. Concurrent validity of NIS score was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve to predict malnutrition risk against SGA. Predictive validity was examined against length of hospital stay (LOS) and 30‐day re‐admission using Poisson and logistic regression, respectively. Inter‐rater reliability of NIS scoring between assessors was determined using intraclass correlation.ResultsIn 143 patients [90 males; mean (SD) age 57.8 (15.8) years], malnutrition prevalence was 38% (54/143) using SGA (rating B/C). Predicting malnutrition risk with an NIS score of ≥3 had a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.65 (area under the curve = 0.81 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.74–0.88]). For each 1‐point increase in NIS score, the model predicted a 1.9% rise in the risk of an increased LOS (P = 0.002). Thirty‐day re‐admission was not associated with NIS score. Inter‐rater reliability was moderate (mean difference = 0.53; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.57–0.85).ConclusionsNutrition impact symptoms score is a valid stand‐alone nutrition screening tool for identifying malnutrition risk in nephrology inpatients and is associated with LOS.
Mapping the Influence of Food Waste in Food Packaging Environmental Performance Assessments
Authors: Heller Martin C. , Selke Susan E. M. , Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryScrutiny of food packaging environmental impacts has led to a variety of sustainability directives, but has largely focused on the direct impacts of materials. A growing awareness of the impacts of food waste warrants a recalibration of packaging environmental assessment to include theindirecteffects due to influences on food waste. In this study, we model 13 food products and their typical packaging formats through a consistent life cycle assessment framework in order to demonstrate the effect of food waste on overall system greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cumulative energy demand (CED). Starting with food waste rate estimates from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, we calculate the effect on GHG emissions and CED of a hypothetical 10% decrease in food waste rate. This defines a limit for increases in packaging impacts from innovative packaging solutions that will still lead to net system environmental benefits. The ratio of food production to packaging production environmental impact provides a guide to predicting food waste effects on system performance. Based on a survey of the food LCA literature, this ratio for GHG emissions ranges from 0.06 (wine example) to 780 (beef example). High ratios with foods such as cereals, dairy, seafood, and meats suggest greater opportunity for net impact reductions through packaging‐based food waste reduction innovations. While this study is not intended to provide definitive LCAs for the product/package systems modeled, it does illustrate both the importance of considering food waste when comparing packaging alternatives, and the potential for using packaging to reduce overall system impacts by reducing food waste.
Hormone modulation of legume‐rhizobial symbiosis
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Chi , Yang Jun , Yu Nan , Wang Ertao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLeguminous plants can establish symbiotic associations with diazotropic rhizobia to form nitrogen‐fixating nodules, which are classified as determinate or indeterminate based on the persistence of nodule meristem. The formation of nitrogen‐fixing nodules requires coordinating rhizobial infection and root nodule organogenesis. The formation of an infection thread and the extent of nodule formation are largely under plant control, but vary with environmental conditions and the physiological state of the host plants. Many achievements in these two areas have been made in recent decades. Phytohormone signaling pathways have gradually emerged as important regulators of root nodule symbiosis. Cytokinin, strigolactones (SLs) and local accumulation of auxin can promote nodule development. Ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) all negatively regulate infection thread formation and nodule development. However, salicylic acid (SA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) have different effects on the formation of these two nodule types. Some peptide hormones are also involved in nodulation. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of these plant hormones in legume‐rhizobial symbiosis, and we propose that DELLA proteins may function as a node to integrate plant hormones to regulate nodulation.
Dermatological manifestations in hemodialysis patients in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Asayesh Hamid , Peykari Niloofar , Pavaresh‐Masoud Mohammad , Esmaeili Abdar Mohammad , Tajbakhsh Ramin , Mousavi Seyed Mojtaba , Djalalinia Shirin , Noroozi Mehdi , Qorbani Mostafa , Mahdavi‐Gorabi Armita 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundDermatologic complications are common in patients with end‐stage renal disease and also have a high diversity.ObjectivesThis meta‐analysis reviews prevalence of dermatological manifestations among hemodialysis patients in Iran.Materials and MethodsUsing PubMed and NLM Gateway (for MEDLINE), Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), and SCOPUS as the main international electronic data sources, and Iran‐Medex, Irandoc, and Scientific Information Database, as the main domestic databases with systematic search capability, we systematically searched surveys, papers, and reports on the prevalence of dermatological manifestations (until February 2016). Heterogeneity of reported prevalence's between studies was assessed using the Q test; overall prevalence of dermatological manifestations was estimated using random‐effect meta‐analysis model.ResultsWe found 1229 records; from them, a total of eight studies comprising 917 hemodialysis patients were included. In all of studies, skin discoloration, pruritus and xerosis have the highest prevalence. According to random‐effect meta‐analysis model, the pooled prevalence of skin discoloration, pruritus, ecchymosis, xerosis, and half‐and‐half nail in hemodialysis patients were 48.03% (95% CI: 45.09‐51.01), 52.85% (95%CI: 49.23‐56.47), 19.88 (95% CI: 17.57‐22.19), 51.14% (95% CI: 48.25‐54.02), and 18.50% (95% CI: 16.0‐21.0), respectively.Conclusionshis study shows that the prevalence of dermatological manifestations seems high among the hemodialysis patients in Iran, and skin discoloration, pruritus, and xerosis are more common.
THE DRIVERS OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Authors: van Neuss Leif 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe main goal of this paper is to provide an integrated survey of the literature devoted to identifying the drivers of structural change, broadly defined as the process of reallocation of economic activity across the three broad sectors agriculture, manufacturing and services. Using the GGDC 10‐Sector Database, this paper first presents the empirical facts associated with structural change in different regions of the world – that is Europe and the USA, Asia, Latin America, and Africa – then reviews four determinants of structural change: (i) changes in income, (ii) changes in relative (sectoral) prices, (iii) changes in input–output linkages and (iv) changes in comparative advantage(s) via globalization and trade.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 mediated the promotion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma progression through Smad‐p38‐JNK signaling pathway induced by TGF‐β
Authors: Liang Yancan , Jiao Jiuyang , Liang Lizhong , Zhang Jin , Lu Yingjuan , Xie Hongliang , Liang Qixiang , Wan Di , Duan Liming , Wu You , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundTumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been proved to play an important role in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, its precise role salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) has not been determined. The aim of this study was to explore the role of TRAF6 in SACC including invasion and metastasis of SACC cells.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time PCR were performed in SACC tissues paired with their adjacent normal tissues to analyze the expression of TRAF6. Downstream proteins expression was explored when TRAF6 was knockdown by siRNA.ResultsThe results show that TRAF6 is upregulated in SACC samples, especially in SACC with metastasis, which is closely correlated with an aggressive phenotype (P = .0073) and shorter life survival span (P = .0061) in SACC patients. Knockdown of TRAF6 can attenuate the promotion effect of SACC cell invasion induced by TGF‐β. Western blot results also showed that silencing TRAF6 expression can inhibit the activation of SMAD2, SMAD3, ERK, p38, and JNK induced by TGF‐β in SACC cells.ConclusionThese data suggested that TRAF6 regulates TGF‐β‐mediated SACC progression through SMAD2/3‐ERK‐p38‐JNK cascades.
The effects of prebiotic supplementation on weight gain, diarrhoea, constipation, fever and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life
Authors: Shahramian Iraj , Kalvandi Gholamreza , Javaherizadeh Hazhir , Khalili Manijeh , Noori Noor Mohammad , Delaramnasab Mojtaba , Bazi Ali 
Published: March 2018

AimThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prebiotics on some common clinical ailments in healthy term infants.MethodsSixty healthy‐term, breastfed (BF) infants were included. Along with these infants, 120 healthy‐term formula‐fed infants were randomly assigned to either the prebiotic formula (PF, n = 60) or regular formula (RF, n = 60) groups. Ready‐to‐use prebiotic‐supplemented formula containing galacto‐oligosaccharides and polydextrose (ratio 1:1) was used.ResultsAt 2 months of age, PF infants demonstrated significantly higher weight gain than BF and RF. At 6 months of age, bodyweight was significantly higher in the RF group compared to BF and PF groups (P < 0.05). Similar results were seen at 8, 10 and 12 months of age. At 10 months of age, the duration of diarrhoea was significantly shorter in PF‐fed compared to the RF (P = 0.03) group. A significant difference was found between PF and RF (P < 0.0001) and BF and RF groups (P = 0.002) for diarrhoea duration. Means of constipation episodes per year were 0.03 ± 0.18, 0.433 ± 0.77 and 0.1 ± 0.30 for the BF, RF and PF groups, respectively, with significant difference found between BF and RF (P = 0.006) and PF and RF (P = 0.02). The means of episodes of respiratory tract infections per year for BF, RF and PF groups were 1 ± 0.69, 1.6 ± 0.88 and 1 ± 0.58, respectively (P = 0.01).ConclusionPrebiotic‐supplemented and regular formula were similar to breast milk regarding prophylactic effects for diarrhoea, constipation and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. Prebiotic‐supplemented formula may be an appropriate substitution for breast milk when breast milk in unavailable.
First evidence of the occurrence of Turnip mosaic virus in Ukraine and molecular characterization of its isolate
Authors: Shevchenko Oleksiy , Yasaka Ryosuke , Tymchyshyn Olha , Shevchenko Tetiana , Ohshima Kazusato 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA total of 54 samples of Brassicaceae crops showing symptoms of mosaic, mottling, vein banding and/or leaf deformation were collected in Kyiv region (northern central part of Ukraine) in 2014–2015. A half of collected samples was found to be infected with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), and TuMV was detected in samples from Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Raphanus sativus, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sp., Sinapis alba, Camelina sativa and Bunias orientalis (weed). The full‐length sequence of the genomic RNA of a Ukrainian isolate (UKR9), which was isolated from cabbage, was determined. Recombination analysis of UKR9 isolate showed that this isolate was an interlineage recombinant of world‐Brassica and Asian‐Brassica/Raphanus phylogenetic groups. This study shows for the first time the occurrence of TuMV in Ukraine.
HCV genotype 4, 5 and 6: Distribution of viral subtypes and sustained virologic response rates in clinical trials of approved direct‐acting antiviral regimens
Authors: Boyd S. D. , Harrington P. , Komatsu T. E. , Naeger L. K. , Chan‐Tack K. , Murray J. , Birnkrant D. , Struble K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMultiple direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐based regimens are now available for all hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes (GTs). Because HCV GT 4, 5 and 6 are less common in the United States (US) and worldwide, relatively small numbers of participants with these GTs were evaluated in individual clinical trials. To provide a comprehensive description of subtype diversity and treatment outcomes in clinical trials for these less common GTs, we analysed data from 744 participants with HCV GT4 (n = 573), GT5 (n = 81), or GT6 (n = 90) across 18 clinical trials of DAA regimens. These data are from US New Drug Applications submitted between 2014 and 2017, and our analyses included only approved regimens. Excluding unresolved or mixed subtypes, the distribution of reported GT4 subtypes was 49% 4a, 31% 4d and 16% for one of 14 other subtypes. The distribution of GT6 subtypes was 39% 6a, 27% 6e, 8% 6 L and 23% for one of 11 other subtypes. Across approved regimens, sustained virologic response rates 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12) for GT 4, 5 and 6 ranged from 91% to 100%, 93% to 97% and 96% to 100%, respectively. SVR12 by GT4 subtype ranged from 96% to 100% for 4a and 81% to 100% for 4d. Virologic failures occurred in GT 4a, 4b, 4d and 4r. For GT6, SVR12 was 100% for all subtypes except 6 L, for which 1 of 7 participants experienced virologic failure. To our knowledge, this is the largest compilation of HCV GT 4, 5 or 6 clinical trial data. These analyses may be useful for clinicians treating HCV GT 4, 5 or 6.
Genetic architecture of traits associated with reproductive barriers in Silene: Coupling, sex chromosomes and variation
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Karrenberg Sophie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe evolution of reproductive barriers and their underlying genetic architecture is of central importance for the formation of new species. Reproductive barriers can be controlled either by few large‐effect loci suggesting strong selection on key traits, or by many small‐effect loci, consistent with gradual divergence or with selection on polygenic or multiple traits. Genetic coupling between reproductive barrier loci further promotes divergence, particularly divergence with ongoing gene flow. In this study, we investigated the genetic architectures of ten morphological, phenological and life history traits associated with reproductive barriers between the hybridizing sister species Silene dioica and S. latifolia; both are dioecious with XY‐sex determination. We used quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in two reciprocal F2 crosses. One to six QTLs per trait, including nine major QTLs (PVE > 20%), were detected on 11 of the 12 linkage groups. We found strong evidence for coupling of QTLs for uncorrelated traits and for an important role of sex chromosomes in the genetic architectures of reproductive barrier traits. Unexpectedly, QTLs detected in the two F2 crosses differed largely, despite limited phenotypic differences between them and sufficient statistical power. The widely dispersed genetic architectures of traits associated with reproductive barriers suggest gradual divergence or multifarious selection. Coupling of the underlying QTLs likely promoted divergence with gene flow in this system. The low congruence of QTLs between the two crosses further points to variable and possibly redundant genetic architectures of traits associated with reproductive barriers, with important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of divergence and speciation.
Natural selection and neutral evolutionary processes contribute to genetic divergence in leaf traits across a precipitation gradient in the tropical oak Quercus oleoides
Authors: Ramírez‐Valiente José A. , Deacon Nicholas J. , Etterson Julie , Center Alyson , Sparks Jed P. , Sparks Kimberlee L. , Longwell Timothy , Pilz George , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe impacts of drought are expanding worldwide as a consequence of climate change. However, there is still little knowledge of how species respond to long‐term selection in seasonally dry ecosystems. In this study, we used QST‐FST comparisons to investigate (i) the role of natural selection on population genetic differentiation for a set of functional traits related to drought resistance in the seasonally dry tropical oak Quercus oleoides and (ii) the influence of water availability at the site of population origin and in experimental treatments on patterns of trait divergence. We conducted a thorough phenotypic characterization of 1912 seedlings from ten populations growing in field and greenhouse common gardens under replicated watering treatments. We also genotyped 218 individuals from the same set of populations using eleven nuclear microsatellites. QST distributions for leaf lamina area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness and stomatal pore index were higher than FST distribution. Results were consistent across growth environments. Genetic differentiation among populations for these functional traits was associated with the index of moisture at the origin of the populations. Together, our results suggest that drought is an important selective agent for Q. oleoides and that differences in length and severity of the dry season have driven the evolution of genetic differences in functional traits.
Pliocene–Pleistocene ecological niche evolution shapes the phylogeography of a Mediterranean plant group
Authors: Benítez‐Benítez C. , Escudero M. , Rodríguez‐Sánchez F. , Martín‐Bravo S. , Jiménez‐Mejías P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEstimating species ability to adapt to environmental changes is crucial to understand their past and future response to climate change. The Mediterranean Basin has experienced remarkable climatic changes since the Miocene, which have greatly influenced the evolution of the Mediterranean flora. Here, we examine the evolutionary history and biogeographic patterns of two sedge sister species (Carex, Cyperaceae) restricted to the western Mediterranean Basin, but with Pliocene fossil record in central Europe. In particular, we estimated the evolution of climatic niches through time and its influence in lineage differentiation. We carried out a dated phylogenetic–phylogeographic study based on seven DNA regions (nDNA and ptDNA) and fingerprinting data (AFLPs), and modelled ecological niches and species distributions for the Pliocene, Pleistocene and present. Phylogenetic and divergence time analyses revealed that both species form a monophyletic lineage originated in the late Pliocene–early Pleistocene. We detected clear genetic differentiation between both species with distinct genetic clusters in disjunct areas, indicating the predominant role of geographic barriers limiting gene flow. We found a remarkable shift in the climatic requirements between Pliocene and extant populations, although the niche seems to have been relatively conserved since the Pleistocene split of both species. This study highlights how an integrative approach combining different data sources and analyses, including fossils, allows solid and robust inferences about the evolutionary history of a plant group since the Pliocene.
Impact of intraoperative mechanical ventilation on left ventricular lead function in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: von Bary Christian , Laski Viktoria , Fricke Hannes , Linhardt Florian , Reithmann Christopher , Fiek Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) changes the intrathoracic geometry and may impact postoperative left ventricular (LV) lead function after CRT implantation. This multicenter study investigates the effect of intraoperative ventilation setting (spontaneous breathing [SB] vs CMV) on postoperative LV lead function taking into account patients’ body mass index (BMI).MethodsCRT implantation was performed at two centers during SB in 92 and during CMV in 73 patients. Follow‐up was carried out after 3 ± 5 and 36 ± 53 days. Functional lead parameters (FLP; pacing threshold and impedance), postoperative adverse events (A; phrenic nerve stimulation [PNS] and lead malfunction), and patients’ BMI were assessed. Delta values of FLP between baseline and follow‐up visits were analyzed applying an analysis of covariance model to detect subclinical alterations in LV lead function.ResultsAE occurred in a total of 36 (21%) patients. PNS was observed in 26 (15%) patients and LV lead repositioning due to malfunction was necessary in 10 (6%) patients. Both AE and FLP delta values between baseline and follow‐up were not associated with intraoperative ventilation settings nor the patients’ BMI.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there is no impact of the intraoperative ventilation setting (SB vs CMV) on postoperative FLP or the occurrence of AE. This is also the case taking into account the BMI. With respect to these findings both approaches—sedation only or general anaesthesia including CMV—can be safely implemented during CRT implantation.