bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to water stress and rehydration in Mediterranean adapted tomato landraces
Authors: Giorio P. , Guida G. , Mistretta C. , Sellami M. H. , Oliva M. , Punzo P. , Iovieno P. , Arena C. , De Maio A. , Grillo S. , Albrizio R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Mediterranean tomato landraces adapted to arid environments represent an option to counteract drought, and to address the complexity of responses to water deficit and recovery, which is a crucial component of plant adaptation mechanisms.

We investigated physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of two Mediterranean tomato landraces, ‘Locale di Salina’ (Lc) and ‘Pizzutello di Sciacca’ (Pz) under two dehydration periods and intermediate rehydration in greenhouse pot experiments.

Relationship between CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance under severe water stress (gs < 0.05 mol·m−2·s−1) indicated the occurrence of stomatal and non‐stomatal limitations of photosynthesis. Gas exchange promptly recovered within 2–3 days of rehydration. ABA and gs showed a strict exponential relationship. Both leaf ABA and proline peaked under severe water stress. Lc showed higher accumulation of ABA and higher induction of the expression of both NCED and P5CS genes than Pz. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase increased during imposition of stress, mainly in Lc, and decreased under severe water stress.

The two landraces hardly differed in their physiological performance. Under severe water stress, gs showed low sensitivity to ABA, which instead controlled stomatal closure under moderate water stress (gs > 0.15 mol·m−2·s−1). The prompt recovery after rehydration of both landraces confirmed their drought‐tolerant behaviour. Differences between the two landraces were instead observed at biochemical and molecular levels.
Seed germination and dormancy traits of forbs and shrubs important for restoration of North American dryland ecosystems
Authors: Kildisheva O. A. , Erickson T. E. , Madsen M. D. , Dixon K. W. , Merritt D. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn degraded dryland systems, native plant community re‐establishment following disturbance is almost exclusively carried out using seeds, but these efforts commonly fail. Much of this failure can be attributed to the limited understanding of seed dormancy and germination traits.We undertook a systematic classification of seed dormancy of 26 species of annual and perennial forbs and shrubs that represent key, dominant genera used in restoration of the Great Basin ecosystem in the western United States. We examined germination across a wide thermal profile to depict species‐specific characteristics and assessed the potential of gibberellic acid (GA3) and karrikinolide (KAR1) to expand the thermal germination envelope of fresh seeds.Of the tested species, 81% produce seeds that are dormant at maturity. The largest proportion (62%) exhibited physiological (PD), followed by physical (PY, 8%), combinational (PY + PD, 8%) and morphophysiological (MPD, 4%) dormancy classes. The effects of chemical stimulants were temperature‐ and species‐mediated. In general, mean germination across the thermal profile was improved byGA3andKAR1for 11 and five species, respectively. We detected a strong germination response to temperature in freshly collected seeds of 20 species. Temperatures below 10 °C limited the germination of all exceptAgoseris heterophylla, suggesting that in their dormant state, the majority of these species are thermally restricted.Our findings demonstrate the utility of dormancy classification as a foundation for understanding the critical regenerative traits in these ecologically important species and highlight its importance in restoration planning.
The effect of mandelonitrile, a recently described salicylic acid precursor, on peach plant response against abiotic and biotic stresses
Authors: Bernal‐Vicente A. , Cantabella D. , Hernández J. A. , Diaz‐Vivancos P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

In a previous work, we observed that mandelonitrile (MD), which controls cyanogenic glycoside turnover, is involved in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis in peach plants. In order to gain knowledge about the possible roles of this SA biosynthetic pathway, this current study looks at the effect of MD and phenylalanine (Phe; MD precursor) treatments on peach plant performance from an agronomic point of view.

Abiotic (2 g·l−1 NaCl) and biotic (Plum pox virus, PPV) stresses were assayed. We recorded the following chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII [Y(II)], photochemical quenching (qP) and quantum yield of regulated non‐photochemical energy loss in PSII and its coefficient [Y(NPQ) and qN]. In addition, considering that environmental stresses lead to nutritional disorders, we determined the soluble K+, Ca2+, Na+ and Cl− concentrations in NaCl‐stressed seedlings. In PPV‐infected seedlings, we recorded the Ca2+ level, which has been suggested to play critical roles in regulating SA‐related plant defence responses against pathogens.

The MD treatment lessened the effect of both stresses on plant development. In addition, an increase in non‐photochemical quenching parameters was observed in MD‐treated seedlings, suggesting a safer dissipation of excess energy under stress conditions. In NaCl‐stressed peach seedlings both treatments stimulated the accumulation of phytotoxic ions in roots, whereas in PPV‐infected seedlings MD increased Ca2+ content.

Our results suggest that MD and Phe influence the response of peach seedlings to the deleterious effects of salt and PPV infection stresses.
GhSTOP1, a C2H2 type zinc finger transcription factor is essential for aluminum and proton stress tolerance and lateral root initiation in cotton
Authors: Kundu A. , Das S. , Basu S. , Kobayashi Y. , Kobayashi Y. , Koyama H. , Ganesan M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) and proton (H+) ions are major acid soil stress factors deleteriously affecting plant root growth and crop yield. In our preliminary studies, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings displayed very sensitive phenotypes to Al and H+ rhizotoxicities.

Based on previous Arabidopsis results, we aimed to characterise the Al stress responsive Sensitive to Proton rhizotoxicity 1 (GhSTOP1) transcription system in cotton using RNAi‐mediated down‐regulation. With the help of seed embryo apex explants, we developed transgenic cotton plants overexpressing a GhSTOP1‐RNAi cassette with NPTII selection. Kanamycin‐tolerant T1 seedlings were further considered for Al and H+ stress tolerance studies.

Down‐regulation of the GhSTOP1 increased sensitivity to Al and proton rhizotoxicities, and root growth was significantly reduced in RNAi lines. The expression profile of GhALMT1 (Aluminum‐activated Malate Transporter 1), GhMATE (Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion), GhALS3 (Aluminium Sensitive 3) and key genes involved in the GABA shunt were down‐regulated in the transgenic RNAi lines. Additionally, the lateral root initiation process was delayed and expression of GhNAC1, which is involved in lateral roots, was also suppressed in transgenic lines. Besides, overexpression of GhSTOP1 in Arabidopsis accelerated root growth and AtMATE and AtALMT1 expression under Al stress conditions.

These analyses indicate that GhSTOP1 is essential for the expression of several genes which are necessary for acid soil tolerance mechanisms and lateral root initiation.
The modification of mitochondrial energy metabolism and histone of goat somatic cells under small molecules compounds induction
Authors: Li Lanyu , Zhang Dandan , Ren Yanyan , Ye Sheng , Zheng Beibei , Liu Shulin , zaheer Ahmed Jam , Li Mengmei , Shi Deshun , Huang Ben 
Published: August 2018

ContentsIn recent years, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technique is able to allow us to generate pluripotency from somatic cells in vitro through the over expression of several transcription factors. Normally, viral vectors and transcription factors are commonly used on iPSC technique, which could cause many barriers on further application. In this study, we attempt to process a new method to obtain pluripotency from goat somatic cells in vitro under fully chemically defined condition. The results showed that chemically induced pluripotent stem cells‐like cells (CiPSC‐like cells) colonies were generated from goat ear fibroblasts by fully small‐molecule compounds. Those three dimensions colonies were similar with mouse iPSCs in morphology and had strong positive alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and expressed pluripotency related genes OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, CDH1, TDGF, GDF3, DAX1, REX1, which determined by RT‐PCR. Those colonies could also differentiate into different cell types derived from three germ layers proved by RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence assays. The expression of glycolysis‐related genes about PGAM1, KPYM2 and HXK2 in CiPSC‐like colonies formation groups was significantly higher than their parental fibroblasts, but not in the non‐CiPSC‐like colonies formation group. The expression of histone acetylation and methylation‐related genes, HAT1 and SMYD3, was not significantly up‐regulated within different groups compared to their parental fibroblasts, respectively. Yet, the expression of histone methylation‐related gene, KDM5B, was significantly up‐regulated on the cells from non‐colonies formation group compared to parental fibroblasts, but the expression of KDM5B of the cells from CiPSC‐like cell colonies was not significantly difference compared to that of parental fibroblasts. In conclusion, this is the first report that CiPSC‐like cells could be generated in vitro from goat rather than just mouse under fully chemically defined condition. The generation of CiPSC‐like colonies may be depended on the correct modification of energy metabolism and histone epigenetic during the reprogramming, rather than just the over‐expression of those pluripotency‐related genes. This study will strongly support us to further establish the stable goat CiPSC lines without any integration of exogenous genes.
Coping with peer victimization predicts peer outcomes across the transition to middle school
Authors: Erath Stephen A. , Kaeppler Alexander K. , Tu Kelly M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study examined strategies for coping with peer victimization as predictors of peer victimization experiences and broader peer relationship outcomes across the transition to middle school, and tested for possible gender differences in these associations. Participants included 123 early adolescents (Mage = 12.03 years at T1; 50% males; 58.5% European Americans, 35% African Americans, 6.5% of other races/ethnicities) who reported on strategies for coping with peer victimization at T1 (summer before the transition to middle school) as well as experiences of peer victimization and loneliness at T1 and T2 (spring of the first year of middle school). Teachers reported on peer victimization and peer competence at T1 and T2. Conflict resolution predicted higher teacher‐reported peer competence. In contrast, revenge‐seeking predicted higher self‐reported peer victimization (among girls but not boys) and loneliness, and support‐seeking predicted higher teacher‐reported peer victimization and lower teacher‐reported peer competence. In addition, cognitive distancing predicted lower teacher‐reported peer victimization and lower self‐reported loneliness among boys but not girls. Results are discussed with reference to the specific context of peer victimization and developmental period of early adolescence.
Application of phiLOV2.1 as a fluorescent marker for visualization of Agrobacterium effector protein translocation
Authors: Roushan Mohammad Reza , de Zeeuw Milou A. M. , Hooykaas Paul J. J. , van Heusden Gerard Paul H. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAgrobacterium tumefaciens can genetically transform plants by translocating a piece of oncogenic DNA, called T‐DNA, into host cells. Transfer is mediated by a type IV secretion system (T4SS). Besides the T‐DNA, which is transferred in a single‐stranded form and at its 5′ end covalently bound to VirD2, several other effector proteins (VirE2, VirE3, VirD5, and VirF) are translocated into the host cells. The fate and function of the translocated proteins inside the host cell are only partly known. Therefore, several studies were conducted to visualize the translocation of the VirE2 protein. As GFP‐tagged effector proteins are unable to pass the T4SS, other approaches like the split GFP system were used, but these require specific transgenic recipient cells expressing the complementary part of GFP. Here, we investigated whether use can be made of the photostable variant of LOV, phiLOV2.1, to visualize effector protein translocation from Agrobacterium to non‐transgenic yeast and plant cells. We were able to visualize the translocation of all five effector proteins, both to yeast cells, and to cells in Nicotiana tabacum leaves and Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Clear signals were obtained that are easily distinguishable from the background, even in cases in which by comparison the split GFP system did not generate a signal.
Diverse paths to hybrid incompatibility in Arabidopsis
Authors: Vaid Neha , Laitinen Roosa A. E. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryOne of the most essential questions of biology is to understand how different species have evolved. Hybrid incompatibility, a phenomenon in which hybrids show reduced fitness in comparison with their parents, can result in reproductive isolation and speciation. Therefore, studying hybrid incompatibility provides an entry point in understanding speciation. Hybrid incompatibilities are known throughout taxa, and the underlying mechanisms have mystified scientists since the theory of evolution by means of natural selection was introduced. In plants, it is only in recent years that the high‐throughput genetic and molecular tools have become available for the Arabidopsis genus, thus helping to shed light on the different genes and molecular and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie hybrid incompatibilities. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of diverse mechanisms that are known to contribute to hybrid incompatibility.
A multicenter, randomized, single‐blind trial comparing the efficacy of viable cryopreserved placental membrane to human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ananian Charles E. , Dhillon Yadwinder S. , Van Gils Carl C. , Lindsey D. Craig , Otto Raymond J. , Dove Cyaandi R. , Pierce Jessica T. , Saunders Molly C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRandomized controlled clinical trials, the gold standard to determine treatment efficacy against control, have demonstrated advantages of skin substitutes for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers in comparison to standard of care. However, randomized controlled clinical trials comparing efficacy between two or more skin substitutes are very limited. With growing numbers of new skin substitutes, such studies are essential for treatment and policy‐making decisions by wound care providers and payers. In this study, we analyzed clinical outcomes and product cost between a viable cryopreserved placental membrane (vCPM) and a human fibroblast‐derived dermal substitute (hFDS) for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers in a prospective, multicenter, single‐blind study. The outcomes of 62 patients were analyzed: 31 patients in the vCPM treatment group and 31 patients in the hFDS treatment group. Utilizing a non‐inferiority trial design and the established treatment regimen of 8 applications for hFDS, we demonstrated that vCPM was not inferior to hFDS for the proportion of patients achieving complete wound closure (9.68, 90% CI: [10.67, 28.94]). However, preliminary findings show that vCPM may have better outcomes for wounds ≤ 5 cm2: 81.3% (13/16) of wounds in the vCPM group vs. 37.5% (6/16) of wounds in the hFDS group reached complete closure at the end of treatment (p = 0.0118). A preliminary product cost analysis for wounds ≤ 5 cm2 may show significant savings for patients treated with vCPM. Average per‐patient costs during the course of treatment were $3,846 and $7,968 (p < 0.0001) for vCPM and hFDS patients, respectively. These results may be used as guidance to wound care providers and payers.
Role of Schwann cells in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Silva Walison N. , Leonel Caroline , Prazeres Pedro H. D. M. , Sena Isadora F. G. , Guerra Daniel A. P. , Heller Debora , Diniz Ivana M. A. , Fortuna Vitor , Mintz Akiva , Birbrair Alexander 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTDermal wound healing is the process of repairing and remodeling skin following injury. Delayed or aberrant cutaneous healing poses a challenge for the health care system. The lack of detailed understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process hampers the development of effective targeted treatments. In a recent study, Parfejevs et al.—using state‐of‐the‐art technologies, including in vivo sophisticated Cre/loxP techniques in combination with a mouse model of excisional cutaneous wounding—reveal that Schwann cells induce adult dermal wound healing. Strikingly, genetic ablation of Schwann cells delays wound contraction and closure, decreases myofibroblast formation, and impairs skin re‐epithelization after injury. From a drug development perspective, Schwann cells are a new cellular candidate to be activated to accelerate skin healing. Here, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in the understanding of Schwann cells roles in the skin microenvironment.
Nonpharmacological Interventions for Sleep Promotion on Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liao Jin‐Hua , Hu Rong‐Fang , Su Li‐Jing , Wang Shuo , Xu Qin , Qian Xiao‐Fang , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundNonpharmacological interventions are often used to promote sleep among preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, there is a lack of synthesis in the evidence of their effectiveness.AimTo synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions on NICU preterm infants’ sleep during hospital stay.MethodsSeven databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wan‐fang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biological Medicine Database, and VIP Journal Integration Platform from their inceptions to August 2017. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of nonpharmacological interventions on preterm infants’ sleep were included.ResultsThis review included 36 studies. Nonpharmacological interventions included the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), music, non‐nutritive sucking, touch, cycled light, cobedding, rocking, oral sucrose, remolding mattresses, and family nurturing. The meta‐analysis results showed that 1. the NIDCAP had no significant effect on total sleep time efficiency (TST%; p = .34); 2. mattress interventions had significant effects on TST% (p < .001); and active sleep efficiency (AS%; p = .006) but no significant effect on quiet sleep efficiency (QS%; p = .75); 3. cycled light increased TST (p = .02); and 4. cobedding had no significant effects on QS% and AS% (p = .63 and p = .88, respectively).Linking Evidence to ActionRemolding mattresses and cycled light had significant effects on sleep promotion in preterm infants, but the quality of the evidence was very low. Further high‐quality studies are needed to strengthen this evidence.
How Is Physical Literacy Defined? A Contemporary Update
Authors: Shearer Cara , Goss Hannah R. , Edwards Lowri C. , Keegan Richard J. , Knowles Zoe R. , Boddy Lynne M. , Durden-Myers Elizabeth J. , Foweather Lawrence 
Published: August 2018

Physical literacy continues to gain global momentum, yet the definition and underlying concept of physical literacy remain contested in both research and practice. This lack of clarity has the potential to undermine the operationalization of physical literacy. This paper considers the various definitions of physical literacy that are currently adopted internationally. Physical literacy experts identified seven leading groups that have established physical literacy initiatives. Although each group is unified in using the term physical literacy, there are contrasting definitions and interpretations of the concept. Common themes were identified, including the (a) influence of physical literacy philosophy, (b) core elements of physical literacy, (c) lifelong nature of physical literacy, and (d) the need to scientifically pursue a robust operationalization of the concept. We conclude by recommending that programs relating to physical literacy should provide a definition, a clear philosophical approach, and transparency with how their actions align with this approach.
Safety of 5914 intravitreal ziv-aflibercept injections
Authors: Singh Sumit Randhir , Stewart Michael W , Chattannavar Goura , Ashraf Mohammed , Souka Ahmed , ElDardeery Mazen , Wadhwa Neeraj , Sarvaiya Chintan , Mansour Ahmad M , Marashi Ameen , Ramchandani Suresh , Braimah Imoro Zeba , Jabbarpoor Bonyadi Mohammad Hossein , Ramezani Alireza , Soheilian Masoud , de Oliveira Dias João Rafael , de Andrade Gabriel Costa , Maia André , Rodrigues Eduardo Büchele , Farah Michel Eid , Banker Alay , Chhablani Jay 
Published: August 2018

PurposeTo analyse the pooled safety data of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) therapy for various retinal conditions.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational study which included patients from 14 participating centres who received IVZ. The medical records of patients who received IVZ from March 2015 through October 2017 were evaluated. Patient demographics and ocular details were compiled. Ocular and systemic adverse events that occurred within 1 month of IVZ injections were recorded and defined as either procedure-related or drug-related.ResultsA total of 1704 eyes of 1562 patients received 5914 IVZ injections (mean±SD: 3.73±3.94) during a period of 2.5 years. The age of patients was 60.6±12.8 years (mean±SD) and included diverse chorioretinal pathologies. Both ocular (one case of endophthalmitis, three cases of intraocular inflammation, and one case each of conjunctival thinning/necrosis and scleral nodule) and systemic adverse events (two cases of myocardial infarction, one case of stroke and two deaths) were infrequent.ConclusionThis constitutes the largest pooled safety report on IVZ use and includes patients from 14 centres distributed across the globe. It shows that IVZ has an acceptable ocular and systemic safety profile with incidences of adverse events similar to those of other vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitory drugs. The analysis supports the continued use of IVZ in various retinal disorders.