bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Textile Electrodes for Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Periglacial, Coarse Blocky Terrain: A Comparison With Conventional Steel Electrodes
Authors: Bast Alexander , Pavoni Mirko , Lichtenegger Matthias , Buckel Johannes , Boaga Jacopo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is widely used to map, characterize, and monitor the ground in alpine and periglacial environments, where coarse blocky surfaces are often ubiquitous. ERT measurements typically use conventional steel electrodes in combination with a water‐soaked sponge. However, ensuring an optimum contact resistance between the electrodes and the ground to obtain high‐quality data is often challenging and requires considerable logistical, physical, and time commitment. To overcome this, we tested a promising sand‐filled, fist‐sized conductive textile electrode. We conducted ERT measurements using both steel and textile electrodes at a landslide and two rock glaciers in the European Alps with coarse blocky surfaces and performed statistical analyses to test the accuracy and precision of the proposed textile electrodes. Our results show that the textile electrodes can be used as an alternative to the conventional steel electrodes without limitations, as they ensure good galvanic contact with the ground and accurate resistivity measurements. The use of textile electrodes also resulted in lower contact resistances, less time invested, physical and logistical advantages, and reduced risk of injury. In the future, this will enable applications such as enhanced ERT monitoring and/or faster (quasi‐3D) imaging of the interior of entire landforms.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Capacitive Resistive Monopolar Radiofrequency Combined With Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Managing Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Jurak Ivan , Grabar Silvija , Žura Nikolino , Jakuš Lukrecija 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThis randomised controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training in managing chronic low back pain (CLBP). Given the multifactorial nature of CLBP, this study explores a multimodal treatment approach integrating CRMRF, known for its thermal effects and ability to alleviate pain through improved cell metabolism and microcirculation, with PNF training, which enhances muscle strength, flexibility, and proprioception.MethodsThis study was designed as a single‐blind, parallel, randomised controlled trial conducted in an outpatient clinical setting. Over the course of four months, 62 participants, suffering from chronic low back pain were randomly assigned to receive either the combined CRMRF and PNF treatment or PNF alone, with primary outcomes measured in terms of pain and functional disability using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). For secondary outcome of disability associated with pain, Quebec Pain Disability Scale (QPDS) and Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were used. The study's hypothesis was that the combined treatment would reduce pain and disability more effectively than PNF alone.ResultsResults indicated that the experimental group experienced greater improvements in pain and functional disability, surpassing the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for the VAS, ODI, QPDS and RMDQ, suggesting the clinical relevance of the combined CRMRF and PNF approach.DiscussionThese findings are consistent with previous research highlighting the benefits of CRMRF in various musculoskeletal disorders and suggest that integrating CRMRF with PNF training offers a promising non‐invasive treatment option for CLBP sufferers. Overall, our study contributes to the growing evidence base supporting innovative, multimodal treatment strategies for managing CLBP, with the potential to enhance patients' quality of life.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05682287
NMDA Receptor–Mediated Ca2+ Flux Attenuated by the NMDA Receptor/TRPM4 Interface Inhibitor Brophenexin
Authors: Casby Jordan , Gansemer Benjamin M. , Thayer Stanley A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTransient receptor potential melastatin‐4 (TRPM4) forms a complex with N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) that facilitates NMDAR‐mediated neurotoxicity. Here we used pharmacological tools to determine how TRPM4 regulates NMDAR signaling. Brophenexin, a compound that binds to TRPM4 at the NMDAR binding interface, protected hippocampal neurons in culture from NMDA‐induced death, consistent with published work. Brophenexin (10 μM) reduced NMDA‐evoked whole‐cell currents recorded at 22°C by 87% ± 14% with intracellular Ca2+ chelated to prevent TRPM4 activation. Brophenexin inhibited NMDA‐evoked currents recorded in Na+‐free solution by 87% ± 13%, suggesting that brophenexin and TRPM4 modulate NMDAR function. Incubating cultures in Mg2+‐free buffer containing tetrodotoxin, 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione, and bicuculline for 30 min inhibited NMDA‐evoked increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) recorded at 22°C by 50% ± 18% and prevented inhibition by brophenexin. In the absence of these inhibitors, brophenexin inhibited the NMDA‐evoked response by 51% ± 16%. Treatment with the TRPM4 inhibitor 4‐chloro‐2‐(1‐naphthyloxyacetamido)benzoic acid (NBA; 10 μM) increased NMDA‐evoked Ca2+ influx by 90% ± 15%. Increasing extracellular NaCl to 237 mM, a treatment that activates TRPM4, inhibited the NMDA‐evoked increase in [Ca2+]i by a process that occluded the inhibition produced by brophenexin and was prevented by NBA. In recordings performed at 32°C–34°C, brophenexin inhibited the NMDA‐evoked [Ca2+]i response by 42% ± 10% but NBA was without effect. These results are consistent with a model in which TRPM4 interacts with NMDARs to potentiate Ca2+ flux through the NMDAR ion channel and thus provides a potential mechanism for the neuroprotection afforded by NMDAR/TRPM4 interface inhibitors such as brophenexin.
Clinical study design strategies to mitigate confounding effects of time‐dependent clearance on dose optimization of therapeutic antibodies
Authors: Proctor Jeffrey R. , Wong Harvey 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTime‐dependent pharmacokinetics (TDPK) is a frequent confounding factor that misleads exposure‐response (ER) analysis of therapeutic antibodies, where a decline in clearance results in increased drug exposure over time in patients who respond to therapy, causing a false‐positive ER finding. The object of our simulation study was to explore the influence of clinical trial designs on the frequency of false‐positive ER findings. Two previously published population PK models representative of slow‐ (pembrolizumab) and fast‐onset (rituximab) TDPK were used to simulate virtual patient cohorts with time‐dependent clearance and the frequency of false‐positive ER findings. The impact of varying the number of dose groups, dose range, and sample size was evaluated over time. Study designs with a single tested dose level showed a high probability of showing a false‐positive ER finding. When TDPK has a slow onset, use of exposure measures from early timepoints in ER analysis significantly reduces the risk of a false‐positive, while with fast onset it did not. Randomization of patients to two dose levels greatly reduced the risk, with a threefold or greater dose range offering the greatest benefit. The likelihood of false‐positive increases with a larger sample size, where greater care should be taken to identify confounding factors. Clinical trial simulation supports that appropriate clinical study design and analysis with adequate dose exploration can reduce but cannot entirely eliminate the risk of misleading ER findings.
Suffruticosol B from Paeonia lactiflora Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology by Inhibiting MAO‐B Activity
Authors: Heo Jae‐Jun , Han Young‐Eun , Kim Min Soo , Cheong Eunji , Choi Chun Whan , Oh Soo‐Jin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMonoamine oxidase B (MAO‐B) has emerged as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its involvement in the synthesis of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in reactive astrocytes, which inhibits neuronal activity. Suffruticosol B (Suf‐B), isolated from Paeonia lactiflora, is one of the resveratrol oligomers. Although resveratrol oligomers have demonstrated neuroprotective effects, it remains unexplored whether Suf‐B exerts therapeutic effects on AD by targeting MAO‐B. In this study, we investigated whether Suf‐B alleviates AD pathology by mitigating reactive astrogliosis and inhibiting the overproduction of astrocytic GABA. After confirming the MAO‐B inhibitory effect of Suf‐B through MAO‐B enzyme assay, we administered Suf‐B to APP/PS1 AD model mice. To test the potential therapeutic action of Suf‐B in AD, a series of experiments were conducted, including behavioral tests such as the open field test, novel object recognition test, Barnes maze test, passive avoidance test, as well as immunohistochemistry and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. We found that Suf‐B markedly inhibited MAO‐B activity without causing cytotoxicity. Immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology experiments demonstrated that Suf‐B significantly reduced astrocyte reactivity, as well as an aberrant increase in GABA production and tonic GABA release from astrocytes in AD. Behavior test results indicated that Suf‐B treatment restored cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, Suf‐B effectively reduces excessive GABA production in reactive astrocytes by inhibiting MAO‐B, normalizing aberrant inhibition in hippocampal neurons in an AD mouse model. These results suggest that Suf‐B has potential as a treatment for AD and may be applicable to other brain diseases associated with reactive astrogliosis.
Stability Analysis of Discrete‐Time Stochastic Systems With Markov Switching and State‐Dependent Delay
Authors: Fan Lina , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the pth moment exponential stability of discrete‐time Markov switched stochastic systems with state‐dependent delay. By using Razumikhin technique, and stochastic analysis techniques, the state‐dependent delay with randomness due to the randomness of the system state can be addressed. With the help of stationary distribution of Markov switching and multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals approach, an appropriate switching rule is designed and a novel theorem on discrete‐time Markov switched stochastic systems with state‐dependent delay is established. Different from the previous results, the Markov switched with partially unstable subsystems and the state‐dependent delay with randomness are considered in this article, which brings many differences to the stability analysis of the system compared to traditional stability analysis. Furthermore, an illustrative example is performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the main theory.
Determination of Communication Link Availability for Co‐Located GEO Satellites Due to Their Orbital Movements
Authors: Yilmaz Umit Cezmi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIt is becoming very common to use multiple GEO satellite inside the same longitude slot. There are different co‐location strategies for that purpose but the most common one is to use “eccentricity and inclination separation” especially if the whole fleet is being controlled by the same operator. In this study, the determination of link availability by also considering the potential RF Interference between co‐located satellites are examined. The main objective of the study is not to protect from the interference but to determine whether the satellites' orbital behavior may decrease the link availability and how much if they have potential of RF interference. In the study, two co‐located GEO satellites are shown as a sample, but in principle, the philosophy demonstrated here can be used for three or more co‐located GEO satellites.
Two Barriers Against the Cracking of Phase Change Materials Based on Gel Skeleton
Authors: Xiao Changren , Zhang Jiangyun , Zhang Guoqing , Chen Youpeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel room‐temperature flexible, self‐healing PCM (denoted as PEG/PHMAC) based on gel skeleton was prepared in one‐pot free‐radical polymerization by using acrylic acid (AC) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HM) as monomers and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as phase change component and solvent. The as‐prepared samples exhibit excellent flexibility with a bending angle of up to 120° without fracture at room temperature, playing the role of the first barrier to effectively alleviate material fracture and failure caused by stress accumulation; in addition, because of the abundant hydrogen bonds in the material, it demonstrates outstanding self‐healing ability that deep rift can be quickly repaired within 30 min after the phase change, acting as the second barrier to self‐heal the cracks of PCM generated during long‐term heat storage/release cycles. Apart from that, these materials also show extraordinary antileakage and shape‐stable property without observation of any leakage or deformation at temperature much higher than the phase change temperature. It is also proved that this gel is suitable to act as adsorption skeleton of other PEG with different molecular weight and melting point feasible for different application scenarios. With so many merits, it is expected to provide some innovative ideas for the progress of PEG‐based PCM.
Removal of Chromium from Wastewater Through the Formation of a Layered Double Hydroxide Material for Further Use as a Photocatalyst
Authors: Ma Da , Liu Tingting , Shao Mingfei , Shi Wenying , Kong Xianggui , Duan Xue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChromium (Cr)‐containing contaminated wastewater has posed a serious threat to environmental safety and human health. The traditional reduction‐precipitation method for removing Cr is known to exhibit difficulties, such as slow reaction rates and poor resource utilization. Herein, we demonstrated that the formation of layered double hydroxide (ZnCr‐LDH) is very promising for Cr removal and recycling. Due to the bimetallic synergistic between the ions (Zn and Cr), the reaction is accelerated compared to the formation of hydroxide, promoting the process of nucleation and crystallization. This method presents the rapid formation of ZnCr‐LDH within 1 min and efficient removal of Cr. The removal capacity was further increased to 183.4 mg∙g−1. Similarly, the formation of ZnCr‐LDH also performs well in treatment for actual wastewater. The product ZnCr‐LDH is a highly efficient photocatalyst, exhibiting a degradation efficiency of 88.6% for tetracycline (TC). Thus, this proposed strategy introduces an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for wastewater treatment. By transforming waste into useful products, this work helps to promote resource recycling and reduce the demand for natural resources, thereby holding important economic and ecological value.
A Sensitive H2O2 Electrochemical Sensor Based on Pd Nanoparticles Decorated Ti2NTx MXene
Authors: Zhang Yuan , He Liang , Sun Xiaolu , Yang Chenyu , Li Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a prominent reactive oxygen species in organisms, plays a vital role in regulating fundamental biological activities and actively participates in cellular metabolism and stress response. Gaining insights into the quantifying H2O2 within living organisms has significant implications for human health research. The 2D transition metal nitride (Ti2NTx MXene) exhibits a thin crystal structure and enhanced electrical conductivity. A simple electrochemical sensing method for H2O2 is presented by employing palladium modification on Ti2NTx MXene. Characterization analysis confirmed the successful etching of the Ti2AlN MAX phase into accordion‐like morphology of Ti2NTx MXene by Li+ intercalation, and Pd NPs were uniformly dispersed onto the Ti2NTx MXene nanosheets. Electrochemical analysis revealed that optimal electrochemical detection performance for H2O2 was achieved when Ti2NTx MXene had an optimum Pd modification amount (2 wt%) at −0.4 V, exhibiting excellent stability at low concentrations. The detection limit was determined to be 0.72 µM, with a calculated sensitivity of 0.825 µA µM−1 cm−2. This study establishes the optimal amount of Pd modification and identifies Pd‐Ti2NTx MXene as a promising candidate for electrochemical sensing applications targeting H2O2.
Engineered Conductive Metal–organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Detection of Urinary Biomarkers
Authors: Mohan Brij , Asif Muhammad Bilal , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of health concerns has sparked a demand for advanced health monitoring tools, which is a significant challenge for researchers. Analysis of biofluid samples and biomarker monitoring is vital for comprehensive health assessment. In this context, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as one of the leading materials for developing cutting‐edge artificial sensors. These unique MOFs have been developed from metallic and organic linkers and consist of tunable pores and dynamic surface areas, attracting various guest molecules to participate in developing advanced electrochemical devices. This study is a gateway to a world where MOF designs transcend mere inventions, morphing into electric marvels that revolutionize urine sample monitoring. From the inception and design to the fabrication of MOF sensors tailored for electrochemical applications, this study prides itself on elucidating the factors affecting MOF‐based electrical devices and sensors. Moreover, the focus is placed on conductivity, electrode properties, and recent state‐of‐the‐art urine sample analysis, highlighting the pivotal role biomarkers play in honing the resilience and performance of the sensors. Finally, this study is specific to electrochemical sensors used for urine analysis. It will attract researchers to develop new portable tools for health monitoring by analyzing urine samples.
Reference‐Attached pH Nanosensor for Accurately Monitoring the Rapid Kinetics of Intracellular H+ Oscillations
Authors: Wen Ming‐Yong , Qi Yu‐Ting , Jiao Yu‐Ting , Zhang Xin‐Wei , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntracellular pH (pHi) is an essential indicator of cellular metabolic activity, as its transient or small shift can significantly impact cellular homeostasis and reflect the cellular events. Real‐time and precise tracking of these rapid pH changes within a single living cell is therefore important. However, achieving high dynamic response performance (subsecond) pH detection inside a living cell with high accuracy remains a challenge. Here a reference‐attached pH nanosensor (R‐pH‐nanosensor) with fast and precise pHi sensing performance is introduced. The nanosensor comprises a highly conductive H+‐sensitive IrRuOx nanowire (SiC@IrRuOx NW) as the intracellular working electrode and a SiC@Ag/AgCl NW as an intracellular reference electrode (RE) to diminish the interferences arising from cell membrane potential fluctuations. This whole‐inside‐cell detection mode ensures that the entire potential detection circuit is located within the same cell, and the R‐pH‐nanosensor is able to quantify the mild acidification of cytosol and completely record the fast pH variation within a single cell. It also enables real‐time potentiometric monitoring of the pHi oscillations, which synchronize with the glycolysis oscillations in cancer cells. Furthermore, the asymmetry in glycolysis oscillations wave is disclosed and the inhibitory effect of just lactate to glycolysis oscillations is further confirmed.
An Amphiphilic Molecule Induced Anion‐Enrichment Interface for Next‐Generation Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Sheng , Yan Yu , Zheng Ruixin , Tian Guilei , Wang Xinxiang , Shu Chaozhu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe electrolyte engineering enables the fabrication of robust electrode/electrolyte interphase with excellent electrochemical stability for reliable lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, an amphiphilic molecule nonafluoro‐1‐butanesulfonate (NFSA) is employed in electrolytes to realize anion‐enrichment interfacial design. The functions of such an amphiphilic molecule in the electrolyte and anode/electrolyte interphases of LMBs are elucidated via theoretical and experimental analyses. The polar lithophilic segments (‐SO3‐) present a capability to solvate Li+, while the perfluoroalkyl chains (‐CF2CF2CF2CF3) exhibit a solvent‐phobic, which alters the Li+ solvation environment in the electrolyte and thus building a favorable interphase enriched with anion‐derived inorganic compositions on Li electrode. As a result, the designed electrolyte enables stable operation of the Li||Cu cells for more than 200 cycles with a cumulative irreversible capacity loss of only 2.4 mAh cm−2, and the long‐term cycle life of the Li||Li cells is extended to more than 1500 h with a small overpotential (36.5 mV). Moreover, prolonged cycle life of the full cell assembled with commercial LiFePO4 cathode (over 80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 0.5 C) is achieved even under the limiting Li source (≈5 mAh cm−2), high cathode loading (≈12 mg cm−2), and lean electrolyte (≈2.5 µL mg−1).
Engineering Nano‐Pills to Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Proliferation and Migration through a Combination of Chemical/Nucleic Acid Therapy
Authors: Jia Chao , Liu Qirui , Zhang Man , Han Cong , Luo Xuantong , Zhou Yu , Liu Yi , Zhang Liyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal of all gynecological malignancies, presenting a significant threat to women's health. Its treatment is complicated by severe dose‐dependent chemotherapy toxicity, drug resistance, and tumor migration. Herein, an intelligent combination strategy of chemotherapy and nucleic acid therapy, named ApMEmiR&D is developed. This integrated system consists of three parts: the nano‐pill, the protective membrane, and the navigation element. Nano‐pills are nanospheres assembled from miRNA and doxorubicin (DOX) with the help of ferrous ions (Fe2+). The protective membrane is derived from tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs membrane) originating from the primary tumor microenvironment (TME). The navigation element is the cholesterol‐conjugated AS1411 aptamer. The resulting ApMEmiR&D nanoparticles exhibit uniform size, a well‐defined nanosphere structure, robust serum stability, and ultra‐high drug loading efficiency and capacity. The system can efficiently accumulate in the tumor, allowing for the synergistic inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis without apparent systemic toxicity. The results demonstrate the homing effect of tumor microenvironment‐derived macrophage cell membrane and the targeting effect of aptamer, leading to precise drug targeting and immune compatibility, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The success of this strategy paves the way for metastasis inhibition and targeted cancer therapy.