bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between adolescent rough‐and‐tumble play and conduct problems, substance use, and risk‐taking behaviors: Findings from a school‐based sample
Authors: Garcia Mathieu , Aubron Valérie , Salla Julie , Hanne‐Poujade Sandrine , Teymoori Ali , Michel Grégory 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRough‐and‐tumble play (RTP), also known as play fighting, is a common form of play frequently reported and studied by researchers. However, one important limitation of past research in the area of RTP has been the neglect of the adolescence period. Consequently, little is known about the function of adolescent RTP as well as about clinical characteristics of youth who engage in this activity after childhood. In a school‐based sample of 1,771 middle school students (ages 9–16 years), the current study sought to address this gap by examining, via bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, the potential cross‐sectional associations of adolescent RTP with (a) selected demographic variables, (b) conduct problem symptoms, (c) substance use, and (d) risk‐taking behaviors, including adjustment for several demographic confounders. Results indicated that adolescents reporting higher rates of conduct problem symptoms were more likely to report a recent participation in RTP. In addition, substance use (experimentation and current consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) and risk behaviors assessed all were strongly associated with an increased likelihood of reporting an engagement in RTP. This finding suggests that participation in this activity probably implicates particular phenotypic characteristics including the propensity to engage in health‐damaging behaviors. But the most profound issue raised by this research concerns the strong relationship between RTP and great levels of conduct disorder symptoms, suggesting a possible significant change in the functional significance of RTP in the adolescence period.
Thermal Transport in 2D Semiconductors—Considerations for Device Applications
Authors: Zhao Yunshan , Cai Yongqing , Zhang Lifa , Li Baowen , Zhang Gang , Thong John T. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe discovery of graphene has stimulated the search for and investigations into other 2D materials because of the rich physics and unusual properties exhibited by many of these layered materials. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus, and SnSe among many others, have emerged to show highly tunable physical and chemical properties that can be exploited in a whole host of promising applications. Alongside the novel electronic and optical properties of such 2D semiconductors, their thermal transport properties have also attracted substantial attention. Here, a comprehensive review of the unique thermal transport properties of various emerging 2D semiconductors is provided, including TMDs, black‐ and blue‐phosphorene among others, and the different mechanisms underlying their thermal conductivity characteristics. The focus is placed on the phonon‐related phenomena and issues encountered in various applications based on 2D semiconductor materials and their heterostructures, including thermoelectric power generation and electron–phonon coupling effect in photoelectric and thermal transistor devices. A thorough understanding of phonon transport physics in 2D semiconductor materials to inform thermal management of next‐generation nanoelectronic devices is comprehensively presented along with strategies for controlling heat energy transport and conversion.
Unambiguously Enhanced Ultraviolet Luminescence of AlGaN Wavy Quantum Well Structures Grown on Large Misoriented Sapphire Substrate
Authors: Sun Haiding , Mitra Somak , Subedi Ram Chandra , Zhang Yi , Guo Wei , Ye Jichun , Shakfa Mohammad Khaled , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S. , Roqan Iman S. , Zhang Zihui , Dai Jiangnan , Chen Changqing , Long Shibing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality epitaxy consisting of Al1−xGaxN/Al1−yGayN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with sharp interfaces and emitting at ≈280 nm is successfully grown on sapphire with a misorientation angle as large as 4°. Wavy MQWs are observed due to step bunching formed at the step edges. A thicker QW width accompanied by a greater accumulation of gallium near the macrostep edge than that on the flat‐terrace is observed on 4° misoriented sapphire, leading to the generation of potential minima with respect to their neighboring QWs. Consequently, a significantly enhanced photoluminescence intensity (at least ten times higher), improved internal quantum efficiency (six times higher at low excitation laser power), and a much longer carrier lifetime are achieved. Importantly, the wafer‐level output‐power of the ultraviolet light emitting diodes on 4° misoriented substrate is nearly increased by 2–3 times. This gain is attributed to the introduction of compositional inhomogeneities in AlGaN alloys induced by gallium accumulation at the step‐bunched region thus forming a lateral potential well for carrier localization. The experimental results are further confirmed by a numerical modeling in which a 3D carrier confinement mechanism is proposed. Herein, the compositional modulation in active region arising from the substrate misorientation provides a promising approach in the pursuit of high‐efficient ultraviolet emitters.
Self‐Healable Black Phosphorus Photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Feng , Xu Yiguo , Huang Weichun , Wu Leiming , Zhang Yupeng , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has become one of the most promising materials for photoelectronic devices due to its excellent properties. However, the intrinsic instability of BP has severely hindered its practical applications. In this contribution, a hydrophobic polyionic liquid poly(1‐hexyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium) hexafluorophosphate salt (PIL‐TFSI) is applied to encapsulate BP quantum dots to form BP‐PIL for photo‐electrochemical‐type photodetector (PD) application. From both the results of experiment and density functional theory, the significantly enhanced stability of BP as well as the fluorination of BP is found. The as‐prepared PDs exhibit obviously improved photoresponse behavior (542 nA cm−2) and negligible attenuation after 90 days. In addition, the self‐healing capability can be found in the prepared PDs and the typical ON/OFF signals can still be detected after 50 cycles due to the self‐healing nature of PIL‐TFSI. It is believed that the introduction of PIL‐TFSI provides a new route for enhancing the stability of BP‐based photoelectronic devices in practical applications.
Hemiketal‐Keto Tautomerism in 2‐Deoxy‐δ‐lactones Mediated by 2‐Lithiothiazole in Solution State: A Formal Synthesis of DAH, Kamusol and Their C5 Epimers
Authors: Chand Hemender R. , Bhattacharya Asish K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe reactions of 2‐lithiothiazole on 3,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐2‐deoxyglyconolactones have been studied, which resulted in the formation of two products, major (3,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐2‐deoxy‐1‐(2‐thiazolyl) glycal) and minor products 3,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐2‐deoxy‐1‐(2‐thiazolyl) glycal hemiketal. The hemiketal‐keto tautomerism in solution was observed in the minor product. The tautomerism has been studied in various organic solvents and their ratios have been determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The major product from the reaction of 2‐lithiothiazole with 2‐deoxygluconolactone was utilized for the synthesis of 3‐deoxy‐D‐arabino‐2‐heptulosonic acid DAH 4 a and 3‐deoxy‐D‐arabino‐2‐heptulopyranose commonly known natural product kamusol 6 a via acid catalyzed hydration followed by stereoselective methyl glycoside bond formation. Similarly, major product from 2‐deoxygalactonolactone furnished 5‐epi‐DAH 4 b (C‐5 epimer of 4 a) and 5‐epi‐kamusol 6 b (C‐5 epimer of 6 a). The minor product has also been utilized for the synthesis of DAH 4 a, 5‐epi‐DAH 4 b, kamusol 6 a and 5‐epi‐kamusol 6 b through a common intermediate, α‐methyl glycosylated product.
High Phase‐Purity 1T‐MoS2 Ultrathin Nanosheets by a Spatially Confined Template
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Zumin , Wei Yanze , Zhang Xing , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Zhang Lijuan , Yang Nailiang , Yu Ranbo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe crystal phase plays an important role in controlling the properties of a nanomaterial; however, it is a great challenge to obtain a nanomaterial with high purity of the metastable phase. For instance, the large‐scale synthesis of the metallic phase MoS2 (1T‐MoS2) is important for enhancing electrocatalytic reaction, but it can only be obtained under harsh conditions. Herein, a spatially confined template method is proposed to synthesize high phase‐purity MoS2 with a 1T content of 83 %. Moreover, both the confined space and the structure of template will affect the purity of 1T‐MoS2; in this case, this approach was extended to other similar spatially confined templates to obtain the high‐purity material. The obtained ultrathin nanosheets exhibit good electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Flüssige metastabile Vorstufen von Ibuprofen als Zwischenprodukt der Nukleation in wässriger Lösung
Authors: Wiedenbeck Eduard , Kovermann Michael , Gebauer Denis , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDer Nukleationsmechanismus von Kristallen kleiner organischer Moleküle wurde durch Computersimulationen postuliert, doch bisher mangelt es an experimentellen Nachweisen. Hier wurde ein experimenteller Ansatz entwickelt, mit dem die frühen Stadien der Kristallisation von Ibuprofen als Modellsystem aufgezeigt werden. Ibuprofen vollzieht eine flüssig‐flüssig Entmischung. Die binodalen und spinodalen Grenzen dieser Mischungslücke wurden analysiert und der flüssige Charakter der Phase wurde bestätigt. Ein Anstieg der Viskosität hält die kinetische Stabilität der dichten flüssigen Phase aufrecht, die intermolekularen Abstände entsprechen denen in den Kristallstrukturen. Die dichte flüssige Phase wurde als Vorläuferphase der Nukleation von Ibuprofen identifiziert, bei der zunächst eine Verdichtung stattfindet und sich erst später eine strukturelle Ordnung ausbildet. Diese Entdeckung verspricht die Möglichkeit, schwerlösliche Wirkstoffe in wässriger Lösung über klassische Löslichkeitsgrenzen hinaus zu befördern.
Hierarchical Micro‐Mesoporous Carbon‐Framework‐Based Hybrid Nanofibres for High‐Density Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Cheng Hengyang , Meng Jinku , Wu Guan , Chen Su 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdvanced methods, allowing the controllable synthesis of ordered structural nanomaterials with favourable charges transfer and storage, are highly important to achieve ideal supercapacitors with high energy density. Herein, we report a microliter droplet‐based method to synthesize hierarchical‐structured metal–organic framework/graphene/carbon nanotubes hybrids. The confined ultra‐small‐volume reaction, give well‐defined hybrids with a large specific‐surface‐area (1206 m2 g−1), abundant ionic‐channels (narrow pore of 0.86 nm), and nitrogen active‐sites (10.63 %), resulting in high pore‐size utilization (97.9 %) and redox‐activity (32.3 %). We also propose a scalable microfluidic‐blow‐spinning method to consecutively generate nanofibre‐based flexible supercapacitor electrodes with striking flexibility and mechanical strength. The supercapacitors display large volumetric energy density (147.5 mWh cm−3), high specific capacitance (472 F cm−3) and stably deformable energy‐supply.
Changes in shelf life and quality of fresh hull‐less barley noodles during storage
Authors: Zheng Yanyan , Wang Zhenhua , Tuersuntuoheti Tuohetisayipu , Wang Ziyuan , Liang Shan , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn order to study the quality changes of fresh hull‐less barley noodles (FHBN) during storage, the total plate count (TPC), cooking quality, color, texture, and moisture characteristic of FHBN were investigated at 0 hr, 6 hr, 12 hr, 18 hr, 24 hr, and 30 hr of storage at 25°C.FindingsThe FHBN deteriorated after storage for 24 hr (TPC was 1.4 × 106 CFU/g), while the fresh wheat noodles (FWN) deteriorated after 18 hr (TPC was 106 CFU/g). In addition, T21 and T22 in FWN were bigger than that in FHBN and the moisture in FWN was more easily lost. During the storage of FHBN, the cooking loss ratio and percentage of broken noodles increased significantly, while L* and aw decreased. The proportion of strongly bound water decreased, while the proportion of weakly bound water and free water increased. During the safe storage period, the hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness showed a decline trend while the hardness and gumminess increased after deterioration.ConclusionsFresh hull‐less barley noodles had longer shelf life and better water‐holding capacity compared with FWN. The cooking quality, texture characteristics, and brightness reduced significantly during storage, and the increase in TPC, water loss, and migration were the main reason of this phenomenon.Significance and noveltyThe shelf life of FHBN and FWN stored at 25°C was compared, and the causes that resulted in the differences were analyzed. Through the correlation analysis, the reason for the decline in the quality of FHBN was obtained.
Amide‐phosphonium Salt Catalyzed Enantioselective Vinylogous Mannich Addition of Coumarins to Isatin Imines
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Shuo , Ding Weizhong , Wang Chenghan , Chen Jie , Cao Weiguo , Wu Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn asymmetric vinylogous Mannich reaction between 3‐cyano‐4‐methylcoumarins and N‐Boc isatin imines catalysed by amide phosphonium salt is described. This method allows the formation of intriguing adducts bearing both 3‐aminooxindole and coumarin moieties in excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The utility of this method was illustrated by a gram scale synthesis using as low as 0.1 mol % of catalyst without chromatographic purification, and removal of the Boc protecting groups on the primary amine functionality in Mannich products.
Effects of temperature non‐uniformity and effective viscosity on pyrometric cone deformation
Authors: Hsieh Peter Y. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPyrometric cone deformation is used to measure heat work or the combined effect of temperature and time during ceramic firing. Finite‐element analysis shows that stationary‐state temperature non‐uniformity in a pyrometric cone during constant‐rate heating can account for differences in observed endpoint temperatures at different heating rates. Thermophysical modeling provides evidence that two‐phase viscous flow plays an important role in pyrometric cone deformation. The Einstein‐Roscoe equation is used to calculate the effective viscosity of partially molten pyrometric cones during viscous flow deformation, with the solid phase volume fraction determined through thermophysical modeling and the molten phase viscosity estimated with the Modified Quasichemical Model. A correlation was found between the endpoint deformation temperatures of pyrometric cones and corresponding Littleton softening point temperatures; however, the approach fails when viscous flow is not the principal deformation mechanism and when the initial glass fraction exceeds the equilibrium molten phase fraction predicted by thermophysical modeling.
Retracted: Overexpression of long noncoding RNA SLC26A4‐AS1 inhibits the epithelial–mesenchymal transition via the MAPK pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wang Duo‐Ping , Tang Xiao‐Zhun , Liang Quan‐Kun , Zeng Xian‐Jie , Yang Jian‐Bo , Xu Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is recognized as one of the most prevalent types of thyroid cancer with poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has undergone an intensive study for their involvement in tumor treatment. This study intends to unravel the association of lncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 with PTC. Initially, PTC‐related expression profiling data (GSE33630) was utilized to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in PTC and the underlying mechanisms involved with the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Moreover, PTC tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues were arranged to determine expressions of TP53, SLC26A4‐AS1, and genes related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the MAPK pathway. Furthermore, SLC26A4‐AS1 was overexpressed or underexpressed and JNK was underexpressed through cell transfection to examine the effect of SLC26A4‐AS1 on PTC via MAPK pathway. Besides, tumor formation in nude mice was used to verify the fore experiment. LncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 regulating TP53 had the potential to participate in PTC by regulating the MAPK pathway. SLC26A4‐AS1 was expressed poorly in PTC. Notably, SLC26A4‐AS1 elevated E‐cadherin expression while it reduced that of ERK and Vimentin. In addition, the overexpression of SLC26A4‐AS1 inactivated the MAPK pathway by promoting TP53 and decreased cell migration, proliferation, and invasion. In addition to all these effects, the overexpression of SLC26A4‐AS1 promoted apoptosis of TPC‐1 cells. Additionally, the overexpression of lncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 reduced xenograft tumor volume in nude mice. Furthermore, the effect of SLC26A4‐AS1 overexpression was found to be promoted after the MAPK pathway inactivation. Taken together, the overexpression of lncRNA SLC26A4‐AS1 coffered anti‐oncogenic effects on PTC through the inactivation of the MAPK pathway.
Focal adhesion kinase regulates tractional collagen remodeling, matrix metalloproteinase expression, and collagen structure, which in turn affects matrix‐induced signaling
Authors: Rajshankar Dhaarmini , Wang Baiyu , Worndl Elizabeth , Menezes Sara , Wang Yongqiang , McCulloch Christopher A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical for collagen expression but its regulation of collagen remodeling is not defined. We examined the role of FAK in the degradation and reorganization of fibrillar collagen. Compared with wild‐type (WT) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, FAK null (FAK−/−) fibroblasts generated twofold (p < .0001) higher levels of ¾ collagen I fragment and expressed up to fivefold more membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). When plated on stiff collagen substrates, compared with WT, FAK−/− cells were smaller (threefold reduced cell surface area; p < .0001) and produced fivefold fewer cell extensions (p < .0001) that were 40% shorter (p < .001). When cultured on soft collagen gels (stiffness of ~100 Pa) for 6–48 hr, cell spreading and cell extension formation were reduced by greater than twofold (p < .05 and p < .0001, respectively) while collagen compaction and alignment were reduced by approximately 30% (p < .0001) in FAK−/− cells. Similar results were found after treatment with PF573228, a FAK inhibitor. Reconstitution of FAK−/− cells with FAK mutants showed that compared with WT, cell extension formation was reduced twofold (p < .0001) in the absence of the kinase domain and sixfold (p < .0001) with a Y397F mutant. Enhanced collagen degradation was exhibited by the mutants (~threefold increase; p < .0001 of ¾ collagen fragments without kinase domain or Y397F mutant; p < .01). Compared with FAK+/+ cells, matrices produced by FAK−/− cells generated higher levels of β1 integrin activation (p < 0.05), extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and production of ¾ collagen I fragment by human gingival fibroblasts. Collectively these data indicate that (a) the kinase activity of FAK enhances collagen remodeling by tractional forces but inhibits collagen degradation by MMPs; (b) FAK influences the biological activity of fibroblast‐secreted extracellular matrices, which in turn impacts β1 integrin and ERK signaling, and collagen degradation.
Eagle visitation rates to carrion in a winter scavenging guild
Authors: Watson James W. , Vekasy Mark S. , Nelson Jon D. , Orr Matthew R. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the behavioral ecology of species of conservation concern can help to inform better management. During winters 2011 through 2017, we placed camera traps at stations baited with carrion to investigate characteristics of winter scavenging by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in eastern Washington and Oregon, USA. Our objectives were to better understand exposure risk of individual eagles to lead contaminants and evaluate factors that affect eagle visitation to carrion to inform measures that reduce lead exposure. We studied photo sequences from 108 traps ( = 2,725 ± 306 [SE] images/trap) and used plumage and physical characteristics to track visitation of 183 individual golden eagles and 90 bald eagles at deer (Odocoileus spp.) carrion until it was totally consumed. At least 1 eagle visited 76% of traps ( = 2.5 ± 0.3 unique eagles/trap). On average, an eagle visited a trap 3.4 ± 0.2 times (range = 1–19 visits) over 1.9 ± 0.1 days (range = 1–9 days). We used general linear mixed models to identify influences on number of eagle visits and pooled visit duration. Individual golden eagles visited carrion about 25% more often and 50% longer than bald eagles, and individual juvenile eagles visited carrion more often and longer than immature and adult eagles. On average, an eagle made an additional visit to carrion for every golden eagle that came to the same trap. Eagles spent less time at offal ( = 26.2 ± 6.4 min) than at a whole carcass ( = 92.9 ± 7.5 min), and understory vegetation immediately surrounding carrion was associated with a 30% reduction in visitation time. In the Pacific Northwest during winter, adult and juvenile golden eagles, by virtue of their abundance and visitation to carrion compared to the immature age class and bald eagles of all ages, have the highest potential for exposure to anthropogenic effects from carrion visitation. Concealment of offal piles in vegetation may reduce, but not eliminate, eagle use because of competing scavengers that expose carrion locations. We found no evidence that carrion proximity to nearest known nests, topography, or snow cover affect visitation by eagles. Thus, short of using alternative ammunition to lead, we recommend burial or removal of offal from hunter‐killed ungulates. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Abundance of Probiotics and Butyrate‐Production Microbiome Manages Constipation via Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Production and Hormones Secretion
Authors: Zhuang Min , Shang Wenting , Ma Qiuchen , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai 
Published: September 2019

ScopeThe characteristics of gut microbiota and host metabolism are hypothesized to be associated with constipation status, but the regulation mechanism is not fully understood. Thus, the current study investigates the effect of constipation symptoms on gut functionality following the modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites via dietary fiber intervention.Methods and resultsConstipation causes a significantly reduced short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and a higher level of iso‐butyrate. The feces of constipated people are characterized with inhibited Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcaceae and Roseburia abundance. Desulfovibrionaceae is identified to be an important endotoxin producer in constipated patients, and a butyrate‐enriched SCFAs profile achieved by dietary fiber supplement accelerates gastrointestinal transit and increases the thickness of the mucosal layer, possibly through triggering the secretion of colonic hormones and enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins for maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. More importantly, an interacting regulatory mechanism among SCFAs, in particular butyrate and propionate, may be involved in signaling between the microbiome and host cells in the colon.ConclusionGut microbiota, characterized with enriched butyrate‐producing and depressed Desulfovibrionaceae bacteria, attenuates constipation symptoms through promoting intestinal hormones secretion and maintaining gut barrier integrity.