bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pay and Job Rank among Academic Economists in the UK: Is Gender Relevant?
Authors: Mumford Karen , Sechel Cristina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article presents and explores a rich new data source to analyse the determinants of pay and job rank among academic economists in the UK. Characteristics associated with individual productivity and workplace features are found to be important determinants of the relative wage and promotion structure in this sector. However, there is also a substantial unexplained gender pay gap. Men are considerably more likely to work in higher paid job ranks where there are also substantial within‐rank gender pay gaps. We show that the nature of the gender pay gap has changed over the last two decades; but its size has not, suggesting a role for suitable policy intervention.
Evaluating change: Using the Measure of Processes of Care‐Service Provider as an outcome measure for performance and confidence in family‐centred care
Authors: Gafni Lachter Liat R. , Josman Naomi , Ben‐Sasson Ayelet 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamily‐centred care (FCC) is considered the best practice in paediatric care but it is not always implemented sufficiently. Effective training programmes that enhance health care providers' knowledge and self‐efficacy have the potential to improve FCC implementation in their daily practice. The goal of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of the measure of processes of care (MPOC)‐service provider (MPOC‐SP) version and MPOC confidence (MPOC‐Con) in detecting changes following an FCC training.MethodsThe MPOC‐Con was developed for this study as a sequel to MPOC‐SP to measure self‐efficacy related to specific FCC practices. Twenty‐four health care providers (occupational and physical therapists, speech pathologist, and special education teacher) participated in a 6‐month FCC provider training. The training included 30 contact hours on FCC principles and techniques through experiential learning, reflective exercises, peer mentoring, and case‐study analyses. The MPOC‐SP and MPOC‐Con were administered preparticipation and postparticipation.ResultsRepeated multivariate analysis of variance and reliable change index (RCI) analyses indicated a significant group increase in performance and confidence following the training in two of the four MPOC‐SP factors and in all MPOC‐Con factors, F(1, 7) = 5.17, P = .003, η2 = .68; RCI > 1.96. Individual change patterns in FCC performance indicated patterns of increased, decreased, or stable performance, with the highest increased performances reported for treating people respectfully (79%) and communicating specific information (71%), mostly stable performance in providing general information (75%) and similar levels of increase and stability (41% and 39%, respectively) for interpersonal sensitivity. The Pearson's correlation between MPOC‐SP and MPOC‐Con were significant, moderate‐strong, and positive (r = .42–.69, P < .05).ConclusionsThe MPOC‐SP and the MPOC‐Con are sensitive measures suitable for evaluating individual and group changes following training. When designing professional development programmes, managers and educators should consider the interrelation between self‐efficacy and implementing acquired knowledge and skills in FCC.
Validity of a streamlined version of the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six: Process and outcome
Authors: Oddson Bruce , Thomas‐Stonell Nancy , Robertson Bernadette , Rosenbaum Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS) is a 50‐item outcome measure based on the framework and concepts of World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning. The FOCUS has been shown to capture participation‐level changes associated with speech and language therapy in children 18 to 72 months old and has established validity and reliability. However, there were reasons to try to reduce the measure without losing any of its proven value as a change‐detecting instrument.MethodsUsing data from 18,931 preschool children, we used item response models and a test of redundancy to reduce the original 50‐item FOCUS to 34 items. We then assessed the correlations between FOCUS‐50 and FOCUS‐34 scores on these children.ResultsFindings show that a shortened (34‐item) version of FOCUS can be treated as equivalent to the full 50‐item version.ConclusionThe correlation between change scores on the two versions is .98. We suggest that in situations where only a total score is of interest, the FOCUS‐34 can be used in place of the full FOCUS.
Use of bioengineered human commensal gut bacteria-derived microvesicles for mucosal plague vaccine delivery and immunization
Authors: Carvalho A L , Miquel-Clopés A , Wegmann U , Jones E , Stentz R , Telatin A , Walker N J , Butcher W A , Brown P J , Holmes S , Dennis M J , Williamson E D , Funnell S G P , Stock M , Carding S R 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Plague caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Yersinia pestis, is still endemic in parts of the world today. Protection against pneumonic plague is essential to prevent the development and spread of epidemics. Despite this, there are currently no licensed plague vaccines in the western world. Here we describe the means of delivering biologically active plague vaccine antigens directly to mucosal sites of plague infection using highly stable microvesicles (outer membrane vesicles; OMVs) that are naturally produced by the abundant and harmless human commensal gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt). Bt was engineered to express major plague protective antigens in its OMVs, specifically Fraction 1 (F1) in the outer membrane and LcrV (V antigen) in the lumen, for targeted delivery to the gastrointestinal (GI) and respiratory tracts in a non-human primate (NHP) host. Our key findings were that Bt OMVs stably expresses F1 and V plague antigens, particularly the V antigen, in the correct, immunogenic form. When delivered intranasally V-OMVs elicited substantive and specific immune and antibody responses, both in the serum [immunoglobulin (Ig)G] and in the upper and lower respiratory tract (IgA); this included the generation of serum antibodies able to kill plague bacteria. Our results also showed that Bt OMV-based vaccines had many desirable characteristics, including: biosafety and an absence of any adverse effects, pathology or gross alteration of resident microbial communities (microbiotas); high stability and thermo-tolerance; needle-free delivery; intrinsic adjuvanticity; the ability to stimulate both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses; and targeting of primary sites of plague infection.
Two to six‐year disease resolution and marginal bone stability rates of a modified resective‐implantoplasty therapy in 32 peri‐implantitis cases
Authors: Bianchini Marco A. , Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria E. , Apaza‐Bedoya Karin , De Souza Jose M. , Magini Ricardo , Schwarz Frank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDifferent nonsurgical, antibacterial, surgical, and regenerative approaches to treat peri‐implantitis have been proposed, but there is no an actual “gold” standard treatment showing the most favorable results to counteract peri‐implantitis effects.PurposeTo evaluate radiographically and clinically the disease resolution and peri‐implant marginal bone stability rates of peri‐implantitis cases treated through a combined resective‐implantoplasty therapy in a moderate to long‐term period.Materials and MethodsRecords of patients diagnosed with peri‐implantitis and treated through the same protocol applying a combined resective‐implantoplasty therapy with minimum 2‐year follow‐up were screened. Eligible patients were contacted and asked to undergo clinical and radiologic examination. Progressive marginal bone loss, bleeding on probing, suppuration, implant mobility, and implant fracture were considered to establish the disease resolution rate and peri‐implant bone stability of the treated implants.ResultsTwenty‐three patients with 32 treated implants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Over the 2 to 6‐year follow‐up, (mean time: 3.4 ± 1.5 years), the disease resolution rate was 83% (patient level) and 87% (implant level). Four implants (13%) were lost or removed due to continuous MBL and osseointegration failure. At follow‐up, peri‐implant marginal bone remained stable with no further bone loss in 87% of the treated implants. BOP was absent in 89.3% (implant level), suppuration was resolved in all cases, and no pain or implant fracture was reported.ConclusionImplantoplasty treated cases showed high disease resolution rate and peri‐implant marginal bone stability. This surgical antibiofilm strategy can counteract peri‐implantitis progression providing an adequate environment for implant function and longevity over a moderate to long‐term period.
The accuracy of diagnosing Burkitt lymphoma in serous effusion specimen: A cytological‐histological correlation with ancillary studies
Authors: Li Jinnan , Zhang Wenyan , Zhao Sha , Jiang Yong , Liu Weiping , Zhu Xianglan , Su Xueying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnosing Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in serous effusion (SE) specimen and summarise the characteristics of BL in SE. We also assess the utility of a germinal centre–associated marker, LMO2, in the differential diagnosis of BL in SE specimens.MethodsEleven cases of malignant SE caused by BL were reviewed. SE cytology and histological biopsy diagnoses were compared to determine the concordance rates.ResultsA uniform population of non‐cohesive medium‐sized lymphoid cells with frequent apoptosis was found on SE smears or cell block sections. Cytoplasmic and nuclear vacuoles presented in seven cases. Immunophenotyping demonstrated positivity for CD79a (three of three cases), CD10 (seven of 11 cases), BCL6 (nine of 11 cases), MUM‐1 (one of nine cases), CD20 and MYC (11 cases). LOM2 was negative in nine of nine cases. Both IGH/MYC rearrangement and MYC rearrangement were identified in four of six cases, and two of six cases carried isolated MYC rearrangement or isolated IGH/MYC rearrangement, respectively. The diagnoses of eight BLs and three B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas were established according to cytomorphology and ancillary studies. SE cytology provided initial pathological diagnoses for eight cases (six BLs and two non‐Hodgkin lymphomas). Histodiagnoses were available for eight cases. The concordance rate of cytological‐histological diagnosis was 62.5% (five of eight cases).ConclusionsCombining cytomorphology and ancillary studies enables the accurate diagnosis of BL in SE specimens. Furthermore, LMO2 may be a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of BL.
Hidden talents in harsh conditions? A preregistered study of memory and reasoning about social dominance
Authors: Frankenhuis Willem E. , de Vries Sarah A. , Bianchi JeanMarie , Ellis Bruce J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough growing up in stressful conditions can undermine mental abilities, people in harsh environments may develop intact, or even enhanced, social and cognitive abilities for solving problems in high‐adversity contexts (i.e. ‘hidden talents’). We examine whether childhood and current exposure to violence are associated with memory (number of learning rounds needed to memorize relations between items) and reasoning performance (accuracy in deducing a novel relation) on transitive inference tasks involving both violence‐relevant and violence‐neutral social information (social dominance vs. chronological age). We hypothesized that individuals who had more exposure to violence would perform better than individuals with less exposure on the social dominance task. We tested this hypothesis in a preregistered study in 100 Dutch college students and 99 Dutch community participants. We found that more exposure to violence was associated with lower overall memory performance, but not with reasoning performance. However, the main effects of current (but not childhood) exposure to violence on memory were qualified by significant interaction effects. More current exposure to neighborhood violence was associated with worse memory for age relations, but not with memory for dominance relations. By contrast, more current personal involvement in violence was associated with better memory for dominance relations, but not with memory for age relations. These results suggest incomplete transfer of learning and memory abilities across contents. This pattern of results, which supports a combination of deficits and ‘hidden talents,’ is striking in relation to the broader developmental literature, which has nearly exclusively reported deficits in people from harsh conditions. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/e4ePmSzZsuc.
Trends in health research ethics in the Philippines during the American Colonial Period (1898‐1946)
Authors: Arcega Patricia Ana Vic H. , Cabantac Chiara Louise P. , Cruz Ronald Allan L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch involving human participants has been conducted in the Philippines since the beginning of the Spanish colonial period. Such studies are expected to adhere to internationally accepted ethical guidelines. This paper discusses trends in clinical research ethics in the Philippines during the American colonial period (1898‐1946). Specifically, studies were assessed on: 1) their observance of ethical protocols, including review; 2) identification of inclusion and exclusion criteria in the selection of participants; 3) use of vulnerable subjects; and 4) practice of the informed consent process. Only the informed consent process had a significant logistic correlation with progression of years. Recruitment of vulnerable groups was common during this period; children and prisoners were the most common participants. Trends in medical ethics in the Philippines reflected those in the United States prior to the publication of the Nuremberg Code, which served as a milestone in the protection of human welfare in clinical research.
Addressing diabetes distress in clinical care: a practical guide
Authors: Fisher L. , Polonsky W. H. , Hessler D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAddressing the emotional side of diabetes and its management has received considerable attention in recent years. At the centre of most of these efforts is the concept of ‘diabetes distress', a generic term that captures the primary sources and intensity of emotional distress associated with diabetes and its management over time. As interest in diabetes distress has grown, however, it has been difficult to integrate and translate the various strands of clinical research in a manner that can guide diabetes distress intervention efforts in the real world of clinical care. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by outlining practical strategies for intervention in clinical settings and to assist diabetes healthcare professionals in thinking through how diabetes distress might be addressed practically in their clinics. To address these goals, this review is divided into five sections: a definition of diabetes distress, ways diabetes distress can be assessed and monitored, information about diabetes distress for use in intervention planning, topics to be considered for inclusion in diabetes distress interventions, and alternatives for where in the care process a diabetes distress intervention might be considered. We focus on diabetes distress experienced by adults with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Clinical Features of Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Complicated With Bilateral Subdural Fluid Collections
Authors: Kim Jang Hun , Roh Haewon , Yoon Won‐Ki , Kwon Taek‐Hyun , Chong Kyuha , Hwang Soon‐Young , Kim Jong Hyun 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSubdural hygromas are often found bilaterally in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). They frequently progress to chronic subdural hematomas (CSDHs), and if the hematomas are formed, it is difficult to consider SIH as an underlying cause. Whether SIH is underlying or not among the patients presenting bilateral subdural fluid collections (hygromas or CSDHs) is clinically important because the treatment strategy should be different between them.ObjectivesWe designed a retrospective case‐control study to figure out differential clinical features of the patients presenting bilateral symptomatic subdural fluid collections owing to SIH.MethodsSixty‐two patients with bilateral symptomatic subdural fluid collections were enrolled, and their data on general demographics, clinical courses, radiological findings, treatments, and outcomes were collected. The patients were divided into “SIH” and “Non‐SIH” groups, and a simple logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the differences between the groups. The consequent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses were performed with the significant predictors.ResultsEight patients (13%) were diagnosed with SIH. Young age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.831, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.743‐0.929, P = .0012), no underlying disease (OR = 0.062, 95% CI: 0.007‐0.544, P = .0121), radiological features of brain sagging (OR = 10.36, 95% CI: 0.912‐93.411, P = .0017), pseudo‐subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 15.6, 95% CI: 2.088‐116.52, P = .0074), and small amount of fluid collections (OR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.579‐0.893, P = .0029) were significantly associated with SIH group. ROC curve analyses were performed in parameters of age and amount of fluid collection and the cut‐off values for each parameter were ≤55 years old and ≤22.08 mm, respectively. Patients diagnosed with SIH underwent epidural blood patches and showed good results, except 1 patient who underwent burr‐hole trephinations.ConclusionBilateral subdural fluid collections due to underlying SIH is associated with young age (≤55 years old), no underlying diseases, smaller amount of fluid collections (≤22.08 mm of depth), and radiological findings of brain sagging or pseudo‐subarachnoid hemorrhages.
CGRP and the Trigeminal System in Migraine
Authors: Iyengar Smriti , Johnson Kirk W. , Ossipov Michael H. , Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe goal of this narrative review is to provide an overview of migraine pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the role of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) within the context of the trigeminovascular system.BackgroundMigraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disease that is characterized in part by intense, throbbing, and unilateral headaches. Despite recent advances in understanding its pathophysiology, migraine still represents an unmet medical need, as it is often underrecognized and undertreated. Although CGRP has been known to play a pivotal role in migraine for the last 2 decades, this has now received more interest spurred by the early clinical successes of drugs that block CGRP signaling in the trigeminovascular system.DesignThis narrative review presents an update on the role of CGRP within the trigeminovascular system. PubMed searches were used to find recent (ie, 2016 to November 2018) published articles presenting new study results. Review articles are also included not as primary references but to bring these to the attention of the reader. Original research is referenced in describing the core of the narrative, and review articles are used to support ancillary points.ResultsThe trigeminal ganglion neurons provide the connection between the periphery, stemming from the interface between the primary afferent fibers of the trigeminal ganglion and the meningeal vasculature and the central terminals in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. The neuropeptide CGRP is abundant in trigeminal ganglion neurons, and is released from the peripheral nerve and central nerve terminals as well as being secreted within the trigeminal ganglion. Release of CGRP from the peripheral terminals initiates a cascade of events that include increased synthesis of nitric oxide and sensitization of the trigeminal nerves. Secreted CGRP in the trigeminal ganglion interacts with adjacent neurons and satellite glial cells to perpetuate peripheral sensitization, and can drive central sensitization of the second‐order neurons. A shift in central sensitization from activity‐dependent to activity‐independent central sensitization may indicate a mechanism driving the progression of episodic migraine to chronic migraine. The pathophysiology of cluster headache is much more obscure than that of migraine, but emerging evidence suggests that it may also involve hypersensitivity of the trigeminovascular system. Ongoing clinical studies with therapies targeted at CGRP will provide additional, valuable insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder.ConclusionsCGRP plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Treatments that interfere with the functioning of CGRP in the peripheral trigeminal system are effective against migraine. Blocking sensitization of the trigeminal nerve by attenuating CGRP activity in the periphery may be sufficient to block a migraine attack. Additionally, the potential exists that this therapeutic strategy may also alleviate cluster headache as well.
A critical discourse analysis of how public participants and their evidence are presented in health impact assessment reports in Wales
Authors: Emmerson Chris , Wood Fiona 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth impact assessment (HIA) involves assessing in advance how projects affect the health of particular populations. In many countries, HIA has become central to attempts to better integrate health and public participation into policy and decision making. In 2017, HIA gained statutory status in Wales.This study considers how the public and their evidence are presented within HIA reports and what insights this offers into how public participation is constructed within public health.MethodsCritical discourse analysis, as described by Fairclough (2003), to analyse seven HIA reports produced in Wales.ResultsDiscourses were grouped under four headings. “Consensus and polyphony” relates to the tendency to produce consensus. “Authors and authority” is concerned with how participants and their evidence are shaped by different authorial stances. “Discussions, decisions and planes of action” brings together material on how decision makers are (or are not) brought into contact with evidence in the reports. “Evidence: fragmentation and compression” analyses strategies of abstracting.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that participants and their evidence are presented in specific ways within HIA reports and that these are particularly shaped by genre, authorial stances and approaches to abstracting and re‐ordering texts. Acknowledging these issues may create opportunities to develop HIA in new directions. Further research to test these conclusions and contribute to a wider “sociology of public health documents” would be of value.