bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindful With Your Toddler Group Training: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effects on Subjective and Objective Measures
Authors: Potharst Eva S. , Zeegers Moniek , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of Mindful with your toddler, a 9-week mindful parenting group training for mother–toddler dyads experiencing (co-)regulation difficulties. Eighteen clinically referred mothers and toddlers (18–48 months) with (co-)regulation problems participated in groups, each comprising three to six dyads. At waitlist, pretest, and post-test, mothers completed questionnaires on parenting (overreactivity, parental stress, sense of incompetence), psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing), partner relationship, mindful parenting (listening with full attention, compassion for child, non-judgmental acceptance of parental functioning), mindfulness (acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, non-reactivity), self-compassion, and child outcomes (psychopathology and dysregulation) and mother–toddler freeplay observations were conducted, and coded for maternal sensitivity and acceptance. Questionnaires were completed again at 2-month and 8-month follow-up. No significant differences occurred between waitlist and pretest, except for a deterioration in listening with full attention and an improvement in compassion for child. Between pretest and post-test, observed maternal sensitivity and acceptance improved (medium effect sizes). Child psychopathology, maternal listening with full attention, acting with awareness, non-reactivity, and self-compassion also improved (medium effect sizes). Effects were stable or further improved during follow-up (medium/large effect sizes). Improvement in child dysregulation, maternal internalizing psychopathology, maternal stress, sense of parental incompetence, non-judgmental acceptance of parental functioning, and non-judging of inner experience was only seen at 2- and 8-month follow-up (medium/large effect sizes). No changes in maternal externalizing psychopathology, overreactivity, compassion for child, and partner relationship occurred. Mindful with your toddler is a promising intervention for mothers with toddlers with (co-)regulation problems.
Age of Onset and its Correlates in Men with Sexual Interest in Children
Authors: Tozdan Safiye , Briken Peer 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Current discussions in the field of sex research concern the age at which sexual interest in children occurred or awareness emerged.

Aim
To investigate the age of onset (AOO) and its correlates in men with sexual interest in children.

Methods
Using 2 samples (study 1, patients from an outpatient treatment center, n = 26; study 2, an online survey using 3 recruitment paths, n = 94), we assessed self-reported AOO of sexual interest in children, its flexibility, its exclusiveness, and individuals’ motivation to change it. We further examined the interrelation between these variables.

Main Outcome Measure
AOO as the self-reported age at which participants retrospectively felt sexually attracted to children for the first time.

Results
We found broad ranges in AOO (study 1: mean 20.0 ± 10.7; study 2: mean 17.0 ± 8.7), flexibility, and exclusiveness (in studies 1 and 2, 7.7% and 22.3%, respectively, reported that their sexual interest is exclusively in children). The earlier participants felt sexually attracted to children for the first time, the more they were attracted exclusively in children and the less they perceived it to be flexible. Participants who reported rather exclusive sexual interest in children were less likely to perceive it as flexible. The more participants reported on flexibility, the more they were motivated to change it. The earlier participants of study 2 felt sexually attracted to children for the first time, the less they were motivated to change.

Clinical Implications
The variety of our results indicates the contradiction of overall rules for individuals with sexual interest in children.

Strength & Limitations
We included individuals with sexual interest in children from different contexts (eg, forensic vs non-forensic). Our results are in line with previous findings. However, both studies included rather small samples, limiting generalizability. There is not yet consent about how to operationalize AOO.

Conclusion
We recommend a differentiated perspective on individuals with sexual interest in children and on different forms of pedophilia in the diagnostic construct.
Global interdependence in clean energy transitions
Authors: Meckling Jonas , Hughes Llewelyn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe global energy industry is transforming as governments invest in clean energy technologies to address climate change, enhance energy security, and strengthen national competitiveness. Comparative research on clean energy transitions highlights the domestic drivers and constraints of clean energy transitions. This article contends that we need to understand the effects of global interdependence on clean energy transitions. Shifts in forms of interdependence between firms—influenced by the rise of global supply chains—have new implications for policy choices made by governments. Governments face more complex demands from domestic industries facing global economic competition, and act strategically in response to the actions of other governments, including sub-national actors, and firms in the global economy. We suggest that research on interdependence in clean energy transitions benefits from an analytical focus on mechanisms of transnational change such as cross-national and multi-level policy feedback and cross-national policy sequencing. Global interdependence has important implications for economic and environmental outcomes, affecting the durability of competitive advantage, and influencing the pace of the diffusion of clean energy technologies.
Adaptation of intestinal fermentation over time in the growing pig is influenced by the amount of kiwi fruit consumed
Authors: Montoya Carlos A. , Henare Sharon J. , Zhu Peter , Rutherfurd Shane M. , Moughan Paul J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of kiwi fruit at two dietary levels on the adaptation of intestinal fermentation over time in the growing pig was studied. A semi-synthetic fibre-free diet and two semi-synthetic diets containing kiwi fruit as a model fibre source (133 or 266 g/kg (DM basis); 28 or 48 g fibre/kg) were formulated and the diets contained titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. A total of fourteen ileal cannulated pigs (41 kg body weight) were fed the fibre-free diet for 7 d followed by either the low or high kiwi fruit-containing diets (n 7/diet) for a further 44 d. Ileal digesta and faeces were collected at five times throughout the study. Ileal digesta were fermented (in vitro) with a standard pooled human faecal inoculum, while fresh pig faeces were used as inocula to ferment in vitro a standard purified fibre. Observations were normalised for diet DM intake using the marker. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene copy number of ileal and total faecal bacteria were high for the high-kiwi fruit level diet (P<0·05). The ileal bacteria tended to decrease over time (P<0·1), while the faecal bacteria increased (P<0·05), at the same rate for both diets. The amounts of crude protein and insoluble dietary fibre entering the hindgut changed over time similarly for both diets, whereas for starch it changed only for the low kiwi fruit-containing diet (P<0·05). Changes over time were also observed for the predicted hindgut valeric acid production and butyric acid absorption (P<0·05). In conclusion, adaptational changes over time of some characteristics of intestinal fermentation depended on the dietary level of kiwi fruit.
Attribution of Egoistic Versus Altruistic Motives to Acts of	Helping
Authors: Siem Birte , Stürmer Stefan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. This research investigated the effects of helpers’ status and the intended publicity of the helping act on observers’ attributions of altruistic versus egoistic motives to helpers. Results from two studies (overall N = 670), in which we varied helpers’ status (low vs. high) and intended publicity of the helping act (private vs. public) suggest that observers attribute more egoistic (and less altruistic) motives to the helping act when helpers intended to make their helping public (vs. keeping it private) and were of high (vs. low) status. Moreover, status and publicity had a negative indirect effect on observers’ willingness to assist helpers via increased attribution of predominantly egoistic motives. Implications of these findings for theory and real-world helping will be discussed.
Characteristics and Simulation Biases of Corkscrew Sea Breezes on the East Coast of China
Authors: Lin Yanluan , Cao Dianbin , Lin Namei , Xue Wei , Xu Shiming , Zhao Yangyang , Li Heng , Huang Bin , Guo Jianping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCoastal areas, where sea breeze are prevalent, generally have good wind power resources and are favorable sites for wind farms. Corkscrew sea breezes, having greater wind power than backdoor sea breezes, dominate the local circulations in summer over the coastal area of Jiangsu province, China. Daily Weather Research and Forecasting simulations were conducted for the summer of 2012. Evaluations of 12 corkscrew sea breezes near the coast suggested that simulations captured the overall characteristics of wind changes with sea breezes, except an overestimate of wind speeds by up to 1 m/s at 10 m above ground level and a cold bias at night. Another prominent bias is the underestimated low‐level vertical wind shear at night. A representative corkscrew sea breeze in July 2012 was used to document the typical spatial structure and diurnal evolution of corkscrew sea breezes. Initiated at 1000 Local Standard Time (LST), the sea breeze reached its maximum strength at 1700 LST with an inland penetration depth of 70 km, an offshore extent up to 150 km, and a vertical extent of ~500 m. The fully developed circulation was accompanied by a coastal jet with maximum winds up to 11 m/s ~200 m above ground level. A series of sensitivity simulations indicated that simulated land‐surface temperatures and boundary‐layer mixing are the two key factors for low‐level wind simulation. Nocturnal stable boundary layer still remains a challenge for boundary layer schemes tested here.
Insights From the238U‐234Th Method Into the Coupling of Biological Export and the Cycling of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Manganese in the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Black E. E. , Lam P. J. , Lee J.‐M. , Buesseler K. O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBetter constraints on the magnitude of particulate export and the residence times of trace elements are required to understand marine food web dynamics, track the transport of anthropogenic trace metals in the ocean, and improve global climate models. While prior studies have been successful in constructing basin‐scale budgets of elements like carbon in the upper ocean, the cycling of particulate trace metals is poorly understood. The238U‐234Th method is used here with data from the GP‐16 GEOTRACES transect to investigate the upper ocean processes controlling the particulate export of cadmium, cobalt, and manganese in the southeastern Pacific. Patterns in the flux data indicated that particulate cadmium and cobalt behave similarly to particulate phosphorus and organic carbon, with the highest export in the productive coastal region and decreasing flux with depth due to remineralization. The export of manganese was influenced by redox conditions at the low oxygen coastal stations and by precipitation and/or scavenging elsewhere. Residence times with respect to export (total inventory divided by particulate flux) for phosphorus, cadmium, cobalt, and manganese in the upper 100 and 200 m were determined to be on the order of months to years. These GEOTRACES‐based synthesis efforts, combining a host of concentration and tracer data with unprecedented resolution, will help to close the oceanic budgets of trace metals.
Near‐Earth Solar Wind: Plasma Characteristics From ARTEMIS Measurements
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , McTiernan J. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere is the main driver of magnetosphere dynamics because many important processes in Earth's inner and outer magnetosphere can be considered as responses to solar wind parameter variations. Therefore, accurate measurements of these parameters (density, velocity, ion, and electron temperature) in the near‐Earth solar wind is critical for understanding and forecasting magnetosphere dynamics. Moreover, the solar wind is a natural laboratory for investigation of plasma turbulence, including the configuration and dynamics of coherent plasma structures (such as large‐amplitude waves, discontinuities, and interplanetary shocks). A major solar wind parameter database, the OMNI database, consists of solar wind proton characteristics and magnetic field parameters but does not provide electron characteristics. We consider a supplementary solar wind data set compiled by observations of the two Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) probes. We compare characteristics available in both the ARTEMIS and OMNI data sets. We also describe characteristics of solar wind electron components measured by ARTEMIS (density, temperature, and anisotropy). Finally, we discuss opportunities for investigation of the near‐Earth solar wind provided by the ARTEMIS data set.
Evaluating Single‐Spacecraft Observations of Planetary Magnetotails With Simple Monte Carlo Simulations: 1. Spatial Distributions of the Neutral Line
Authors: Smith A. W. , Jackman C. M. , Frohmaier C. M. , Coxon J. C. , Slavin J. A. , Fear R. C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA simple Monte Carlo model is presented that considers the effects of spacecraft orbital sampling on the inferred distribution of magnetic flux ropes, generated through magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail current sheet. When generalized, the model allows the determination of the number of orbits required to constrain the underlying population of structures: It is able to quantify this as a function of the physical parameters of the structures (e.g., azimuthal extent and probability of generation). The model is shown adapted to the Hermean magnetotail, where the outputs are compared to the results of a recent survey. This comparison suggests that the center of Mercury's neutral line is located dawnward of midnight by
and that the flux ropes are most likely to be wide azimuthally (∼50% of the width of the Hermean tail). The downtail location of the neutral line is not self‐consistent or in agreement with previous (independent) studies unless dissipation terms are included planetward of the reconnection site; potential physical explanations are discussed. In the future the model could be adapted to other environments, for example, the dayside magnetopause or other planetary magnetotails.
Evaluating Single Spacecraft Observations of Planetary Magnetotails With Simple Monte Carlo Simulations: 2. Magnetic Flux Rope Signature Selection Effects
Authors: Smith A. W. , Jackman C. M. , Frohmaier C. M. , Fear R. C. , Slavin J. A. , Coxon J. C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA Monte Carlo method of investigating the effects of placing selection criteria on the magnetic signature of in situ encounters with flux ropes is presented. The technique is applied to two recent flux rope surveys of MESSENGER data within the Hermean magnetotail. It is found that the different criteria placed upon the signatures will preferentially identify slightly different subsets of the underlying population. Quantifying the selection biases first allows the distributions of flux rope parameters to be corrected, allowing a more accurate estimation of the intrinsic distributions. This is shown with regard to the distribution of flux rope radii observed. When accounting for the selection criteria, the mean radius of Hermean magnetotail quasi‐force‐free flux ropes is found to be
km. Second, it is possible to weight the known identifications in order to determine a rate of recurrence that accounts for the presence of the structures that will not be identified. In the case of the Hermean magnetotail, the average rate of quasi‐force‐free flux ropes is found to 0.12 min−1 when selection effects are accounted for (up from 0.05 min−1 previously inferred from observations).
Patterns of Rupture Directivity of Subduction Zone Earthquakes in Northern Chile
Authors: Folesky Jonas , Kummerow Jörn , Shapiro Serge A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe perform a systematic directivity analysis of local seismic events west off the coast of northern Chile. An empirical Green's function technique is applied to a selection of events from a time period from 2008 to 2016 in the vicinity of the rupture area of the MW8.1 Iquique megathrust earthquake in 2014. We compute rupture directivity for 293 events of magnitudes between ML 2.6 and ML 5.3. We find a strong preference of rupture orientations subparallel to the convergence vector of the Nazca plate relative to the South‐American plate. The preferred rupture direction is downdip. We speculate that the reason for the dominating rupture direction could be a lateral limitation of available rupture directions by the repeating earthquake‐like nature of the observed events combined with a material contrast at the subduction interface which, according to the bimaterial effect, favors the downdip rupture direction.
The Impact of Agulhas Leakage on the Central Water Masses in the Benguela Upwelling System From A High‐Resolution Ocean Simulation
Authors: Tim Nele , Zorita Eduardo , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Rühs Siren , Emeis Kay‐Christian , Biastoch Arne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe analyze the contribution of the Agulhas Current on the central water masses of the Benguela upwelling system (BUS) over the last decades in a high‐resolution ocean simulation driven by atmospheric reanalysis. The BUS is an Eastern Boundary Upwelling System where upwelling of cold nutrient‐rich water favors biomass growth. The two distinct subregions, North and South Benguela, differ in nutrient and oxygen properties of the upwelling water mass. Our analysis indicates that the contribution of Agulhas water to the upwelling is very strong in both subregions. Although the water masses feeding the upwelling have a common origin, their pathways are distinct in both regions. Whereas for the central waters of South Benguela the path is rather direct from where it is formed, the central waters of North Benguela takes a longer route through the equatorial current system. Not only the travel time from the Agulhas Current to the BUS is longer but also the central water mass is twice as old for the northern part when compared to the southern. Our analysis traces the pathways, history, and origin of the central water masses feeding upwelling in the BUS and emphasizes the direct impact of the Agulhas Current on the upwelling region. The variability of that link between the Indian Ocean and the South Atlantic is likely to change the nutrient and oxygen content, as well as temperature and salinity of the water masses in the upwelling region.
Finite Amplitude of Free Alternate Bars With Suspended Load
Authors: Bertagni Matteo Bernard , Camporeale Carlo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRiver bars are macroscale sediment patterns, whose main geometrical features (wavelength and amplitude) depend on the mutual interactions between hydrodynamics and sediment transport. River bars develop as an instability of the plane bed to an infinitesimal perturbation, which grows in time to eventually reach a finite amplitude. We here determine, with reference to both bed and suspended loads, a closed form for the finite amplitude, through the nonlinear Center Manifold Projection technique. Results show that suspension plays a destabilizing role in bar instability, affecting both the bar wavelength (linear analysis) and the bar amplitude (weakly nonlinear analysis). This proves the importance of considering suspended load for practical purposes. The outcomes of the model are satisfactorily compared with field observations.
Evaluation of Society of Pediatric Psychology Initiatives to Support Trainees in Pediatric Psychology
Authors: Iskander Jeannette M. , Dudeney Joanne , Papadakis Jaclyn L. , Simons Laura , Valenzuela Jessica , Ward Wendy , Chambers Christine , Mackey Eleanor 
Published: December 2018

The Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) outlines the need to devise strategies to develop and retain the future generation of pediatric psychologists within its strategic objectives. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the use and perceived value of the training initiatives offered by SPP and to examine differences based on trainee demographics (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, type of training program). The training initiatives fall into 4 categories: leadership, networking, awards/funding, and publications/newsletters. A brief questionnaire assessing use and perceived value of training initiatives, as well as number of presentations and outcomes, was sent via e-mail to the SPP division listservs. One-hundred and 34 trainees completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regressions were used to examine the associations between demographic variables, use and perceived value, and outcomes (e.g., publications and presentations). Within this sample, initiatives were well known and utilized. With few exceptions, training initiatives were rated as having moderate to high perceived value. There were significant associations between the number of initiatives which respondents had utilized and indicators of career success, including authored publications, F(7, 102) = 5.45, p < .001 and conference presentations, F(7, 99) = 9.47, p < .001. SPP training initiatives have a high perceived value, and use of initiatives is associated with indicators of career success. Results highlight the importance of continually assessing the initiatives for perceived benefit and value in order to optimize resource allocation, increase visibility of initiatives, and meeting the training needs of a diverse body of pediatric psychology trainees. Implications for Impact Statement The present study evaluated the use and perceived value of training initiatives offered by the Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) and examined differences based on trainee demographics. Overall, SPP training initiatives have a high perceived value, and are associated with indicators of career success. Results highlight the importance of continually assessing the initiatives for perceived benefit and value in order to optimize resource allocation, increase visibility of initiatives, and meeting the training needs of a diverse body of pediatric psychology trainees.