bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and development of long non‐coding RNA‐associated regulatory network in colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Hongda , Pan Jingxin , Song Shibo , Ji Lei , Lv Hong , Yang Zhangru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐associated death globally. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as micro RNA (miRNA) sponges in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and are involved in the regulation of mRNA expression. This study aims to construct a lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network and investigate the prognostic biomarkers in CRC. A total of 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 23 DEmiRNAs and 27 DEmRNAs were identified by analysing the expression profiles of CRC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These RNAs were chosen to develop a ceRNA regulatory network of CRC, which comprised 125 edges. Survival analysis showed that four lncRNAs, six miRNAs and five mRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival. A potential regulatory axis of ADAMTS9‐AS2/miR‐32/PHLPP2 was identified from the network. Experimental validation was performed using clinical samples by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), which showed that expression of the genes in the axis was associated with clinicopathological features and the correlation among them perfectly conformed to the ‘ceRNA theory’. Overexpression of ADAMTS9‐AS2 in colon cancer cell lines significantly inhibited the miR‐32 expression and promoted PHLPP2 expression, while ADAMTS9‐AS2 knockdown had the opposite effects. The constructed novel ceRNA network may provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis. The ADAMTS9‐AS2/miR‐32/PHLPP2 regulatory axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and metabolic syndrome in the middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population in Dalian, northeast China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Weldegiorgis Tesfaye Zerfu , Hidru Tesfaldet Habtemariam , Yang Xiao‐lei , Xia Yun‐long , Ma Li , Li Hui‐Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐[OH]D) concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population.MethodsThe present study included 2,764 participants (aged >50 years). The joint interim statement was used for the standard definition of MetS. Serum 25‐(OH)D concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The study participants were categorized into quartiles based on serum 25‐(OH)D concentrations, and the quartiles were calculated for the differences using anova and the χ2‐test for continuous and categorical data, respectively. A logistic regression analysis model was applied to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each quartile of serum 25‐(OH)D concentrations compared with the highest quartile.ResultsSerum 25‐(OH)D levels were markedly lower in men in the MetS group than in those without MetS. We observed a negative correlation between the higher quartiles of serum 25‐(OH)D levels and the presence of MetS among men. The correlation between serum 25‐(OH)D levels and the prevalence of MetS persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, cigarette smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, low‐density lipoprotein, creatinine and total serum cholesterol. Adjusted odds ratios of MetS in the second through fourth compared with the lowest quartile for serum 25‐(OH)D levels were 0.93 (95% CI 0.54–1.59), 0.89 (95% CI 0.50–1.56) and 0.48 (95% CI 0.28–0.84), respectively.ConclusionsDecreased serum 25‐(OH)D level is significantly correlated with MetS in middle‐aged men.
Field estimates of fitness costs of the pace‐of‐life in an endangered damselfly
Authors: Khelifa Rassim , Zebsa Rabah , Amari Hichem , Mellal Mohammed Khalil , Mahdjoub Hayat 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTheory predicts that within‐population differences in the pace‐of‐life can lead to cohort splitting and produce marked intraspecific variation in body size. Although many studies showed that body size is positively correlated with fitness, many argue that selection for the larger body is counterbalanced by opposing physiological and ecological selective mechanisms that favour smaller body. When a population split into cohorts with different paces of life (slow or fast cohort), one would expect to detect the fitness–size relationship among and within cohorts, that is, (a) slower‐developing cohort has larger body size and higher fitness than faster‐developing cohort, and (b) larger individuals within each cohort show higher fitness than smaller individuals. Here, we test these hypotheses in capture–mark–recapture field surveys that assess body size, lifespan, survival and lifetime mating success in two consecutive generations of a partially bivoltine aquatic insect, Coenagrion mercuriale, where the spring cohort is slower‐developing than the autumn cohort. As expected, body size was larger in the slow‐developing cohort, which is consistent with the temperature‐size rule and also with the duration of development. Body size seasonal variation was greater in slow‐developing cohort most likely because of the higher variation in age at maturity. Concordant with theory, survival probability, lifespan and lifetime mating success were higher in the slow‐developing cohort. Moreover, individual body size was positively correlated with survival and mating success in both cohorts. Our study confirms the fitness costs of fast pace‐of‐life and the benefits of larger body size to adult fitness.
Influence of nitrogen protection on the extraction yield and antioxidant activities of polyphenols by ultrasonic‐assisted extraction from rapeseed meal
Authors: Ding Qingzhi , Jiang Hanfei , Chen Yuxin , Luo Lin , He Ronghai , Ma Haile , Wu‐Chen Ricardo A. , Zhang Ting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been found that ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) can dramatically increase extraction yield of polyphenols from raw materials. However, the free radical formation induced by ultrasound will cause a series of oxidation reactions, which may reduce the antioxidant activities of polyphenols. To minimize the oxidation effect produced by ultrasound and increase the biological activities of polyphenols, ultrasonic‐assisted nitrogen‐protected extraction (UANPE) was employed to extract polyphenols from rapeseed meal. Experimental results obtained by iodine release test and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses demonstrated that the oxidation reaction and the quantity of free radicals are significantly less (p < .05) in the UANPE process than those in the UAE process without nitrogen protection. According to the single‐factor optimization results, the highest yield of rapeseed polyphenols (RPs) of 12.64 mg/g by UANPE was achieved under the optimal extraction conditions of the material/liquid of 1:30 (g/mL), the ultrasonic extraction time of 30 min, the extraction power of 240 W, and the nitrogen flow rate of 5 L/min. Moreover, the RPs extracted by UANPE exhibited higher antioxidant abilities and inhibition effects on the growth of cancer cells. These results substantiated that UANPE may be an innovative and efficient method in the field of bioactive compounds extraction.Practical applicationsUltrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) is an efficient extraction method. It has been widely used to intensify the extraction of active substances from natural products. However, the free radicals produced by ultrasound will reduce the biological activities of the extract. In order to overcome this obstacle, the nitrogen protection (NP) was used to inhibit the production of free radicals and reduce their oxidation reaction during UAE. Then, the iodine release and electron paramagnetic resonance were determined to evaluate the effect of NP on inhibiting the formation of free radicals induced by ultrasound. Finally, to evaluate its practical value on the extraction effect, a novel method called the ultrasonic‐assisted nitrogen‐protected extraction was used for polyphenols extraction from rapeseed meal. According to the experimental results, this method can not only increase the extraction yield, but also maintain the high antioxidant activities of rapeseed polyphenols.
Growth‐dependent phenotype in FasL‐deficient mandibular/alveolar bone
Authors: Svandova Eva , Sadoine Jeremy , Vesela Barbora , Djoudi Amina , Lesot Herve , Poliard Anne , Matalova Eva 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFASL (CD178) is known for its role in triggering apoptosis, mostly in relation with immune cells but additional functions have been reported more recently, including those in bone development. Examination of postnatal FasL‐deficient mice (gld) showed an increased bone deposition in adult mice when compared with wild types. However, a different phenotype was observed prenatally, when the gld bone was underdeveloped. The aim of the following investigation was to evaluate this indication for an growth‐dependent bone phenotype of gld mice and to search for the ‘switch point’. This study focused on the mandibular/alveolar bone as an important structure for tooth anchorage. In vivo micro‐computed tomography (CT) analysis was performed at different stages during the first month (6, 12 and 24 days) of postnatal bone development. In 6‐day‐old gld mice, a decrease in bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness and trabecular number was revealed. In contrast, the 12‐day‐old gld mice showed an increased BV/TV and trabecular thickness in the alveolar bone. The same observation applied for bone status in 24‐day‐old gld mice. Therefore, changes in the bone phenotype occurred between day 6 and 12 of the postnatal development. The switch point is likely related to the changing proportion of bone cells at these stages of development, when the number of osteocytes increases. Indeed, the immunohistochemical analysis of FASL localized this protein in osteoblasts, whereas osteocytes were mostly negative at examined stages. The impact of FASL particularly on osteoblasts would agree with an earlier in vivo observed effect of FASL deficiency on expression of Mmp2, typical for osteoblasts, in the gld mandibular/alveolar bone. Notably, an age‐dependent bone phenotype was reported in Mmp2‐deficient mice.
Saving Our Oceans: Scaling the Impact of Robust Action Through Crowdsourcing
Authors: Porter Amanda J. , Tuertscher Philipp , Huysman Marleen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne approach for tackling grand challenges that is gaining traction in recent management literature is robust action: by allowing diverse stakeholders to engage with novel ideas, initiatives can cultivate successful ideas that yield greater impact. However, a potential pitfall of robust action is the length of time it takes to generate momentum. Crowdsourcing, we argue, is a valuable tool that can scale the generation of impact from robust action. We studied an award‐winning environmental sustainability crowdsourcing initiative and found that robust action principles were indeed successful in attracting a diverse stakeholder network to generate novel ideas and develop these into sustainable solutions. Yet we also observed that the momentum and novelty generated was at risk of getting lost as the actors and their roles changed frequently throughout the process. We show the vital importance of robust action principles for connecting ideas and actors across crowdsourcing phases. These observations allow us to make a contribution to extant theory by explaining the micro‐dynamics of scaling robust action's impact over time.
Effect of Repair Gap Width on the Strength of Denture Repair: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Rahoma Ahmed , Abualsaud Reem , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of repair gap width on the flexural strength and impact strength of a repaired acrylic denture with and without thermal cycling.Materials and MethodsA total of 240 heat‐polymerized acrylic resin specimens were fabricated in dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 ± 0.2 mm and 55 × 10 × 10 ± 0.2 mm for flexural strength and impact strength testing, respectively. All specimens were sectioned into halves then divided into 6 groups according to repair gap width (n = 10). The repair gap of the control group was 2.5 mm at the base, while the repair gaps of the test groups were prepared as 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0 mm at the base. All specimens were prepared with a 45° bevel joint. Each specimen was placed into the mold that retained the original length of the specimen and modified only the repair gap, which was packed with repair resin. After polymerization, specimens were finished and polished, and half of the specimens were thermal cycled for 5000 cycles. Three‐point bending test and Charpy impact test were used to determine the flexural strength and impact strength, respectively. ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test were used for statistical analysis, where α was set at 0.05.ResultsDecreasing repair gap significantly increased the flexural strength in comparison to control group (p < 0.05); 0.5‐mm repair gap showed the highest flexural strength values. Changing the repair gap significantly increased the impact strength of groups 2.0‐ and 1.5‐mm (p < 0.05). Thermal cycling significantly decreased the flexural strength of all tested groups as well as impact strength for groups with wide repair gaps (2.5‐, 2.0‐, and 1.5‐mm) (p < 0.05), while other tested groups had nonsignificant effect on impact strength (p > 0.05).ConclusionDecreasing repair gap increased the flexural and impact strengths of repaired acrylic resin. A repair gap of 0‐, 0.5‐, or 1.0‐mm with beveled repair surface is recommended to improve repair strength and overcome the drawbacks of increased amounts of autopolymerized repair resin.
Antiretroviral agents in pre-exposure prophylaxis: emerging and advanced trends in HIV prevention
Authors: Yap Pui Khee , Loo Xin Griselda Lim , Tan Yoke Ying , Chellian Jestin , Gupta Gaurav , Liew Yun Khoon , Collet Trudi , Dua Kamal , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Antiretroviral agents (ARVs) have been the most promising line of therapy in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Some of these ARVs are used in the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to suppress the transmission of HIV. Prophylaxis is primarily used in uninfected people, before exposure, to effectively prevent HIV infection. Several studies have shown that ART PrEP prevents HIV acquisition from sexual, blood and mother-to-child transmissions. However, there are also several challenges and limitations to PrEP. This review focuses on the current antiretroviral therapies used in PrEP.

Key findings
Among ARVs, the most common drugs employed from the class of entry inhibitors are maraviroc (MVC), which is a CCR5 receptor antagonist. Other entry inhibitors like emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir (TFV) are also used. Rilpivirine (RPV) and dapivirine (DPV) are the most common drugs employed from the Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) class, whereas, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is primarily used in the Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTIs) class. Cabotegravir (CAB) is an analog of dolutegravir, and it is an integrase inhibitor. Some of these drugs are also used in combination with other drugs from the same class.

Summary
Some of the most common pre-exposure prophylactic strategies employed currently are the use of inhibitors, namely entry inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, integrase and protease inhibitors. In addition, we have also discussed on the adverse effects caused by ART in PrEP, pharmacoeconomics factors and the use of antiretroviral prophylaxis in serodiscordant couples.
Prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in a population of client‐owned purebred kittens in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mari Lorenzo , Freeman Julia , Van Dijk Jan , De Risio Luisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundData about congenital sensorineural deafness (CSD) in white blue‐eyed cats derive mainly from research colonies, and information about client‐owned cats is limited.ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of CSD in a client‐owned population of white purebred kittens and colored littermates in the United Kingdom.AnimalsOne hundred thirty‐two solid white client‐owned purebred kittens and 61 colored littermates, 6 to 21 weeks of age.MethodsRetrospective (56 cases) and prospective (137 cases) study. Hearing was assessed by brainstem auditory evoked response testing, and the entire litter was tested.ResultsCongenital sensorineural deafness was diagnosed only in solid white kittens, with a prevalence of 30.3% (15.9% bilateral, 14.4% unilateral). The prevalence of CSD was significantly higher in white kittens with 1 (44.4%) or 2 (50%) blue irises than in those without blue irises (22.2%). Kittens with at least 1 blue iris were 3.2 times more likely to have CSD than kittens without blue irises. In solid white kittens, CSD was diagnosed in 7 of 15 (46.7%) Turkish Vankedisi, 8 of 18 (44.0%) Maine Coon, 18 of 41 (43.9%) Norwegian Forest, 3 of 11 (27.3%) British Shorthair, 2 of 12 (16.7%) Devon Rex, 2 of 12 (8.3%) Persian, 1 of 21 (4.8%) Russian, and 0 of 2 Sphinx. The prevalence of CSD was significantly different in Norwegian Forest, Maine Coon, and Turkish Vankedisi kittens compared with Persian or Russian kittens.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceWe identified a high prevalence of CSD in a population of client‐owned purebred white kittens in the United Kingdom and suggest differences in breed‐specific prevalence of CSD.
Family bereavement: A case study of controlled organ donation after circulatory death
Authors: Walker Wendy , Sque Magi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeceased organ donation represents a major source of organs for human transplantation practice. In the United Kingdom, as well as other parts of the world, donation after circulatory death accounts for a proportion of all deceased organ donors. Organ and tissue donation emotively takes place in the context of dying, death and bereavement, yet little is known about the family experience of donation after circulatory death. This paper presents a case study of the phenomenon of controlled donation after circulatory death in intensive care. We present a critical analysis of care processes through the lens of a British donor family who participated in a national study of organ and tissue donation. Anonymized family quotes are applied to illustrate specific case issues, and with reference to relevant national guidance and international research. The case portrayed intimate details of the moment in time when the family experienced the potential for controlled donation after circulatory death, factors that appeared to influence family consent and the perceived expectations and outcomes arising from the donation decision. Case analysis demonstrated local compliance with best practice guidance and compassionate end‐of‐life care while supporting organ retrieval. Caring for the grieving family of potential organ donors requires sensitivity and skill. Of importance is a sound professional knowledge and understanding of the clinical care pathway, together with effective teamwork, optimal communication, family and staff support. Further research is required to determine the impact of controlled donation after circulatory death on family grief and bereavement.
Genetic characterization of Gossypium arboreum accession PI 529740 for reniform nematode resistance
Authors: Erpelding John E. , Stetina Salliana R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBreeding for reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance is hindered by the lack of resistance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivars. Resistance has been frequently identified in accessions from the Gossypium arboreum germplasm collection with accession PI 529740 rated as highly resistant. Accession PI 529740 was crossed with the susceptible G. arboreum accession PI 529729 to develop an F2 population for genetic characterization. The population showed quantitative variation suggesting multiple genes conferred the resistant phenotype. Thirteen of the 216 F2 plants showed resistance similar to the resistant parent and these data supported a two recessive gene model. Sixty plants were classified as resistant or moderately resistant, indicating a single recessive gene conferred the moderately resistant phenotype. The classification of 24 F2:3 families for nematode resistance generally supported the classification of the corresponding F2 plants; however, most families were highly variable for infection with no families rated as resistant. This information will aid in the introgression of resistance into upland cotton as larger populations will be required to successfully recover resistance conferred by multiple recessive genes.
A comparison of liquid and lyophilized egg yolk plasma to low density lipoproteins for freezing of canine spermatozoa
Authors: Belala Réda , Briand‐Amirat Lamia , Martinot Aline , Thorin Chantal , Michaud Sandrine , Desherces Serge , Youngs Curtis R. , Bencharif Djemil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore the potential usefulness of liquid or lyophilized egg yolk plasma (EYP) as a substitute for low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) for cryopreservation of canine spermatozoa. In the first experiment, a total of 20 ejaculates harvested from six Beagles were frozen in extenders containing 6% LDL (control) or liquid or lyophilized EYP at one of three concentrations (20%, 40% or 60%). Motility parameters were assessed 10 min after thawing using computer‐assisted sperm analysis. For both liquid and lyophilized EYP, the 40% concentration yielded motility similar (p > 0.05) to that observed with the control extender. In the second experiment, 12 ejaculates collected from the same six dogs were frozen in 6% LDL (Control), 40% liquid EYP or 40% lyophilized EYP extenders. Spermatozoal membrane integrity (hypo‐osmotic swelling test [HOSt] and SYBR14/propidium iodide [PI] staining), acrosome integrity (FITC‐Pisum sativum agglutinin staining) and DNA integrity (acridine orange staining) characteristics were evaluated 10 min after thawing. Both liquid and lyophilized 40% EYP‐based extenders successfully preserved all assessed integrity parameters as efficiently as the control. Results of this study suggest that lyophilized EYP is a viable alternative to LDL in freezing extenders for dog semen.