bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound transmission using a tuning fork for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolás , Plascencia-Roldán Jéssica , Morales-Reyes Guadalupe Irazú , Patiño-Gutiérrez Luis Guillermo , Girón-Soto Ariana Valeria , Meza-Galván Evaristo Antonio , Anguiano-Canchola Itzel Marcela , Luna Santillana Sergio Emmanuel , Torres-Hernández José Juan , Flores-Vargas Gilberto 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThis study aims to estimate the validity and reliability of sound transmission tests using a tuning fork and stethoscope compared with the usual clinical procedures for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico.MethodologyThis is a cross-sectional study of newborns at the Guanajuato General Hospital of the Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato. The population under study comprised newborns born from April to May 2023. All parents of newborns were invited to participate. The Ortolani, Barlow, Peter–Baden, and sound transmission tests were performed with a tuning fork and stethoscope three times by two observers. Ultrasonography using the Graf technique was also applied to both hips. We evaluated the validity and repeatability of clinical procedures and sound transmission tests against ultrasonography as the gold standard. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for validity and Cohen's kappa for repeatability.ResultsThe sample consisted of 100 newborns (56% male and 44% female); 65% born by vaginal delivery. Sound transmission test results for sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value were 87.88%, 95.81%, 80%, and 97.53%, respectively. The intra-observer kappa was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80–0.97) and the inter-observer kappa was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.73–0.97). The validity and repeatability of the Ortolani, Barlow, and Peter–Baden tests were low compared with the sound transmission test.ConclusionThe sound transmission test using a tuning fork and stethoscope is helpful for the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip.
Knowledge and practice of healthcare providers and associated factors of essential newborn care in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Geta Hardido Temesgen , Atinafu Ataro Bizuayehu , Elfios Eshetu , Abuye Tewodros Alemayehu , Kebede Christian 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPreventing neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries such as Ethiopia requires improved practices and knowledge among healthcare providers. Several studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, but the overall level has not been estimated based on essential newborn care practices, knowledge of health care providers, and associated factors. Therefore, the objective of this review is to assess the overall practice and knowledge of essential newborn care and associated factors among healthcare providers in Ethiopia.Methods and materialsOnly articles published in English were included in this review. Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and CINAHL, Scopus, Ethiopian University Repository Online, and the Cochrane Library are the main databases. The review included cross-sectional studies written in English that met the inclusion requirements. Using a random-effects model, the overall practice and knowledge level was estimated. Additionally, funnel plots and Eggers’ test were used to assess publication bias. STATA version 14 was used to perform all statistical analysis.ResultsThis review included 15 studies involving 3,210 health care providers in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, overall health care providers had a good practice and knowledge level of essential newborn care of 57.38% [95% CI (49.56; 65.20); I2 = 95.3%, P &lt; 0.001] and 54.06% [95% CI (45.07; 63.05); I2 = 95.5%, P &lt; 0.001], respectively. Knowledge, training status, and material availability of healthcare professional were significantly associated with their practice of essential newborn care, while educational qualification and training status were significantly associated with the knowledge of healthcare providers of essential newborn care.ConclusionsOverall, 57% and 54% of healthcare providers had good ENC practices and knowledge. So, the Ethiopian government and other stakeholders should take immediate measures to improve essential neonatal care practice and knowledge among healthcare providers, and improve identified factors.
Defining clavicle growth in infancy using chest radiographs
Authors: Hadamek Yvonne , Krueger Paul-Christian , Mentzel Hans-Joachim , Waginger Matthias 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundDespite the critical role of the clavicle in understanding growth and development in early childhood, there remains a notable paucity of comprehensive studies investigating clavicle growth patterns during this crucial period. This hinders our ability to establish normative growth parameters during these early life stages. Our study sought to measure clavicle dimensions and subsequently construct growth curves spanning from preterm infants to toddlers up to the age of 6 years by measuring routine chest radiographs. Differences between both sides of the body and between the sexes should be analysed. This aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of clavicle growth dynamics and offering a foundation for the establishment of normative values in this understudied context. In this retrospective study, children aged 23 weeks of gestation to 6 years who underwent a chest radiography between January 2010 and June 2020 were enrolled. A total of 5.311 potential radiographs was screened. Clavicle length and width were measured in all radiographs using the Centricity™ Universal Viewer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS®.Results1.340 images met the quality criteria to be included in our study. The growth curves of clavicle lengths and widths showed a steadily increasing trend with age. Inclusion of premature infants in the age group of one month resulted in a decrease in this age group. Significant differences between both sides of the body and between the sexes could be shown. Measurements of clavicle length and width, derived from routine chest radiographs, are highly accurate. This accuracy underscores the potential for utilizing thoracic radiographs as a reliable tool for assessing clavicle growth in clinical settings or even forensic analysts. The establishment of reference values derived from our measurements provides a basis for normative growth parameters.
Influence of physical activity home environment on fundamental movement skills development in Chinese preschoolers: mediating role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Authors: Liu Pan , Fan Chengwen , Li Fang , Yang Zongyu , Yang Bin , Yin Long 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundResearch on how the physical activity home environment affects fundamental movement skills (FMS) in preschool children in China is limited. However, the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in this relationship is still unclear. This study aims to analyze gender differences in FMS, explore associations between the physical activity home environment, MVPA, and FMS, and investigate MVPA's mediating role in these relationships.MethodsWe recruited 169 preschool children (95 boys, 74 girls; mean age 4.9 years) from four kindergartens in Hengyang, China. The Family Environment Scale on Motor Development for Preschool Urban Children (FESMPD) assessed physical activity home environment. Objective measurement of MVPA used ActiGraph wGT3-BT accelerometers. The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) evaluated FMS. Statistical analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS, with sociodemographic variables as controls.ResultsBoys exhibited significantly higher levels of MVPA, parenting style, locomotor skills, and object control skills compared to girls (P &lt; 0.05). MVPA, parenting style, and FMS showed positive correlations (R = 0.355–0.568, P &lt; 0.05). Similarly, MVPA was positively correlated with the physical activity home environment (β = 0.237–0.568, P &lt; 0.05). Parenting style emerged as a significant predictor of children's MVPA levels (β = 0.956, P &lt; 0.001), and MVPA was a predictor of the development ofFMS and its subdomains (β = 0.097–0.207, P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, MVPA partially mediated the relationship between parenting style and the development of FMS in preschool children. The physical environment was also a significant predictor of children's MVPA (β = 0.637, P &lt; 0.05), and in turn, MVPA predicted the development of FMS and its subdomains (β = 0.188–0.343, P &lt; 0.01). Notably, MVPA fully mediated the relationship between the physical environment and the development of FMS.ConclusionOverall, this study highlights the important roles of physical activity home environments and individual levels of MVPA in developing FMS in preschool children, noting significant gender differences. Parenting style greatly affects both MVPA and FMS development, while the physical environment fully mediates this relationship. Collaborative efforts among kindergartens, families, and communities are essential to support MVPA and improve FMS development.
Characterization and comparation of toxicity between natural realgar and artificially optimized realgar
Authors: Luo Lu , Xin Xueying , Wang Qiaochu , Wei Mengjia , Huang Nanxi , Gao Shuangrong , Gu Xuezhu , Li Raorao 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveRealgar possesses important medical properties. This article aims to evaluate realgar and emerging artificially optimized realgar to ensure safe clinical use.MethodsMultiple techniques were employed to test natural realgar and artificially optimized realgar. Soluble arsenic content in representative samples were measured. Natural realgar and artificially optimized realgar were administered to KM mice via gavage for 28 days, and the extent of liver and kidney tissue damage, arsenic accumulation and form of arsenic were measured.ResultsNatural realgar and artificially optimized realgar can be distinguished by their physical properties or spectral signatures. ICP-MS and EPMA identified different contents of elements between two groups. In simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, only As (III) and As (V) were detected. Toxicity experiments in vivo demonstrate that both groups caused minimal liver and kidney damage at a dose of 30 mg·kg−1. At a dose of 180 mg·kg−1, artificially optimized realgar caused significantly greater liver and kidney damage.ConclusionThe differences between natural realgar and artificially optimized realgar were successfully distinguished through several methods. In vitro experiments showed that As is the main component exerting their medicinal effects. In vivo toxicity tests demonstrated that at higher dose, artificially optimized realgar exhibited significantly higher toxicity, suggesting that natural and artificially optimized realgar have different toxic properties.
The relationship between personality and short video addiction among college students is mediated by depression and anxiety
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhuo Xing-feng , Xing Kai , Liu Yu , Lu Fang , Zhang Jia-yi , Qi Zheng-dong , Zhang Li , Yu Zheng-hong , Gu Chun-rong 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundShort video addiction (SVA) among college students is influenced by personality traits, namely, neuroticism and agreeableness. However, the role of depression and anxiety as mediators remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the mediating role of comorbid depression and anxiety in the relationship between different dimensions of university students’ personalities and SVA.MethodsThe SPSS PROCESS was utilized to analyze data from 804 university students across seven universities in China.ResultsThe findings show that neuroticism, agreeableness, and extraversion in the personalities of Chinese university students are all significantly linked to SVA; neuroticism and agreeableness in the personalities of university students have a greater impact on SVA; both neuroticism and agreeableness can first induce depression and then lead to anxiety and SVA, whereas only agreeableness can first lead to anxiety and then result in depression and SVA.ConclusionThis study uncovers the intricate relationship between personality traits and SVA among college students, emphasizing depression and anxiety as critical chain mediators in this relationship. It reveals that neuroticism and agreeableness significantly influence SVA through specific pathways involving depression and anxiety, indicating that interventions targeting these traits are essential.
Effects of aerobic exercise on executive function among overweight and obese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Hao , Zhao Hongpeng 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveOverweight and obesity are serious public health issues worldwide and significantly impair children’s executive function (EF). However, there is no consensus regarding the benefits of aerobic exercise, on the EF of overweight and obese children. This study systematically evaluated the intervention effects of aerobic exercise on EF and its subcomponents (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) in overweight and obese children.MethodsWe searched six databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure—until March 17, 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of aerobic exercise on the EF of overweight and obese children the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Following heterogeneity testing, RevMan 5.4 and Stata 17.0 were used for meta-analysis and subgroup analysis of the three indicators. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as statistical measures for effect analysis with the SMD value as the effect size and a p-value of ≤0.05 indicating statistical significance.ResultsEighteen studies involving 1,260 participants were included. Aerobic exercise significantly improved overall EF (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI [−0.68, −0.32], p &lt; 0.01) with a moderate to high positive effect on inhibitory control (SMD = −0.52, 95% CI [−0.72, −0.31], p &lt; 0.01) and working memory (SMD = −0.63, 95% CI [−1.06, −0.20], p &lt; 0.01) but not on cognitive flexibility (SMD = −0.32, 95% CI [−0.71, 0.07], p = 0.11). These results suggest that EF in overweight and obese children is influenced by factors such as exercise characteristics and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant moderating effect of exercise type, exercise intensity, session time, and individual BMI on EF.ConclusionAerobic exercise selectively improved EF in overweight and obese children. Subgroup analysis indicated that cognitive engagement in ball game interventions of at least moderate intensity and a single session of 25–40 min are more beneficial for improving EF in overweight and obese children. Extremely obese children (BMI &gt; 25 kg/m2) do not benefit from the intervention, highlighting the need for a specific focus on intervention outcomes in future studies.
The Dutch practice of euthanasia and assisted suicide in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders: a qualitative case review study
Authors: Bosma Fenne , Mink Kelly Romana , van Delden Johannes Jozef Marten , van der Heide Agnes , van de Vathorst Suzanne , van Thiel Ghislaine Jose Madeleine Wilhelmien 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceEuthanasia or assisted suicide (EAS) in patients suffering from a psychiatric disorder (PD) is a controversial topic worldwide. In the Netherlands, this practice is regulated by law. All cases of EAS have to be reported and are assessed by the Regional Euthanasia Review Committees (RTEs), who publish a selection of all cases on their website.ObjectiveTo provide insight into the Dutch practice of EAS in patients suffering from a psychiatric disorder.Design, setting and participantsWe performed a retrospective case review study in which all published cases of EAS in patients suffering from a PD between 2017 and 2022 were analyzed.Intervention(s) or exposure(s)Not applicableMain outcome(s) and measure(s)Characteristics of patients who died by EAS because of suffering from a PD, characteristics of the reporting physician and consultant(s) and the RTEs assessment of published cases.ResultsOf the 72 cases studied, the majority of patients were female (n=48, 67%), suffered from 3 or more conditions (n=38, 53%) and died by euthanasia instead of assistance in suicide (n=56, 78%). In 63% of cases (n=45), the life termination was performed by a physician from the Euthanasia Expertise center (EE). The RTEs’ judgement that the case did not meet the due care criteria (n=11) was in all cases related to issues regarding the (advice of the) independent physician or psychiatric expert.Conclusion and relevanceThis qualitative study shows that the RTEs attach great importance to a careful evaluation procedure of physicians handling EAS requests and to the physician demonstrating ability to reflect on his views, especially when the independent consultant evaluates the case different than the physician. Training for physicians and more transparency in the assessment of EAS requests in patients with a PD may lower the threshold for physicians to handle requests of these patients themselves.Trial registrationNot applicable.
Volunteering across contexts: comparing attitudes toward volunteering with prisoners and people with mental illness
Authors: Dá Mesquita Lara , Oliveira Jaime , Pinto da Costa Mariana 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionVolunteering represents an opportunity for social transformation and social cohesion. Portugal is one of the European countries with fewer volunteering initiatives. Generally, society distances itself from individuals with mental illness and prison inmates, therefore, stigma becomes one of the barriers to social reintegration. However, volunteering can be a beneficial intervention helping individuals in their reintegration.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the differences and similarities in the attitudes of volunteers toward volunteering with people with mental illness and prisoners.MethodsA supplementary qualitative secondary analysis was conducted using transcripts from 39 semi-structured individual interviews with volunteers regarding support of inmates in prison and two focus groups with volunteers regarding support of people with mental illness. Data analysis was conducted through an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged from the analysis: ‘Volunteer motivation and characteristics’, ‘Volunteer’s role’, ‘Volunteering relationship and its impact’, and ‘Challenges faced by volunteers’. There were several similarities between the perspectives toward volunteering in prisons and in mental health care, including the need for specific training in the area and the positive attitudes and behaviors of both groups of volunteers toward volunteering with the individuals supported. The differences were related to the characteristics necessary to be a volunteer, the activities carried out with the individuals supported and the difficulties faced by volunteers.ConclusionThese findings show overall positive attitudes toward volunteering in mental health and in prisons.
Work context and drinking behavior in the French public service: a qualitative study
Authors: du Sartz de Vigneulles Benjamin , Carrouel Florence , Roucoux Guillaume , Michel Christian , Massoubre Catherine , Motyka Geneviève , Verot Elise , Dussart Claude 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are a major public health problem. Among the working population, alcohol is the most frequently used psychoactive substance, as well as the most inappropriately used. Alcohol consumption reduces the worker’s psychophysical integrity, leads to an increase in inappropriate behavior, accidents and injuries, and affects the safety and health of other workers. Thus, the workplace must play an essential role in prevention. Particularly in France, in the civil service, a specific professional sector made up of many professionals exposed to stress, the prevention of AUD must play an essential role. The objective of this study was to describe the framework of alcohol consumption in the French public service in order to understand the sources of alcohol consumption behaviors and to identify the prevention measures to be implemented, in order to reduce the risk of transition to an alcohol use disorder.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study was based on focus groups. Sampling was purposive and data saturation was verified. Coding was “in vivo,” descriptive and pattern-oriented. Analysis was inductive thematic, and the COREQ guidelines were followed.ResultsFirstly, the presence of alcohol in the workplace has been characterized by a before-and-after a prohibition law, and by the revelation of mechanisms for avoiding the ban. Then, the three main determinants for alcohol use disorders were: society, work and personal factors. Lastly, the prevention initiatives identified must be based on both collective and individual approaches. They must be encouraged by the hierarchy, include screening, accompaniment to care, and take into account both work in the workplace and work at home. The fight against work-related alcohol use disorders must be part of the corporate culture.DiscussionPreventing alcohol-related disorders among civil servants will help fight the burden of non-communicable diseases.
Microstructure of confectionery masses revealed by cryo-planing
Authors: Nijsse Jaap , Cruz Serna Adriana Fernanda , Melnikov Sergey M. 
Published: October 2024

Here we present a novel, combined cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) method for imaging of chocolate confectionery product microstructures of several millimeters down to about 100 nm. The SEM part of the method is based on cryo-fixation, cryo-polishing, and scanning electron microscopy, at low vacuum and low temperature using the backscattered electron signal. Starting with cryo-fixation of the chocolate sample in a desired state (cooled, ambient, or melted), the sample is cryo-planed in a cryo-ultramicrotome. Once a polished cut is obtained, the sample is analyzed using a cryo-SEM technique, with the unusual combination of low temperature and low vacuum settings, without heavy metal coating. Imaging is done based on material density contrast. Elemental composition of particles is recorded by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The combination of imaging contrast and EDS allows identification and measurement of the four main constituents of chocolate (cocoa solids, fat, sugar, and milk solids). Finally, the same cryo-polished sample sections of solid chocolate products are analyzed using a CLSM imaging technique to reveal complementary microstructural details. An obvious application of the method could be the visualization and quantitative analysis of the size, shape, and composition of chocolate confectionery products.
Torção ovariana de diagnóstico tardio como diagnóstico diferencial de fibromatose ovariana: relato de caso
Authors: Rios Maria Eduarda Coral Franco , Francisco Antônio Marcos Coldibelli , Archangelo Silvânia de Cássia Vieira , Campos Fabiola Soares Moreira , Rosa Maria Vitória Souza , Francisco Marina Magalhães 
Published: October 2024

A Fibromatose Ovariana é uma patologia benigna, a qual resulta em aumento ovariano, caracterizado por fibrose difusa, com achado complementar em exames de imagem com imagem similar a “Guirlanda negra”. Torção anexial é caracterizada por rotação do ligamento suspensor do ovário e seu pedículo vascular correspondente, resultando em comprometimento vascular que pode culminar em infarto hemorrágico e necrose tecidual, tendo como sinal patognomônico o sinal do redemoinho. Neste artigo relatamos o caso de uma paciente jovem, com quadro álgico único e inespecífico em que achados de imagem sugeriram Fibromatose Ovariana, porém após dois meses de suspeita foi realizado videolaparoscopia com achado de Torção ovariana, sendo necessário a realização de salpingooforectomia, demonstrando os diagnósticos diferenciais entre tais ocorrências.