bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical mandibular reconstruction using a resin surgical guide combined with a metal reconstructive plate
Authors: Nuri Takashi , Ueda Koichi , Iwanaga Hiroyuki , Otsuki Yuki , Nakajima Yoichiro , Ueno Takaaki , Kawata Ryo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn mandibular reconstruction, repositioning the mandibular position is still challenging and time consuming. We invented a new re‐positioning technique using a resin plate combined with a reconstructive plate in reconstructing the mandible with an osteocutaneous free flap. The purpose of this report is to introduce this technique and evaluate the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction using free flaps. We hypothesized that this technique is precise and can reduce intraoperative plate bending at a low cost and short preparation period.MethodsMandibular reconstruction was successfully performed in a total of 10 cases without any complications. In this technique, a pre‐bent reconstructive plate was prepared in accordance with a three‐dimensional model, and then coated with resin. Intraoperatively, the mandibles were secured by fitting these plates snugly and fixing them using a reconstructive plate. Then the resin was removed and free osteocutaneous free flaps were transfer to the defect. Ten patients with a mean age of 68.2 who underwent mandibular resection for aggressive benign (n = 1) or malignant disease (n = 9) were reconstructed using this technique. Seven cases were reconstructed using fibular osteocutaneous free flaps, while scapular osteocutaneous free flaps were used in the remaining cases. The resections entailed: unilateral symphysis and lateral body in four cases, angle to ipsilateral angle in two, ramus to symphysis in two, and lateral body plus angle to symphysis in one case. The deviation of the mandible was evaluated by measuring the preoperative versus postoperative differences in the distances between six bilateral landmarks.ResultsThere were no complications and flap failure in any of the 10 cases. No further intraoperative plate bending was required. One case underwent additional mucosal resection due to recurrence of cancer. Three cases were referred to postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Two patients expired during follow‐up due to recurrence of cancer. Six cases were put back on a normal diet. The other cases who lacked opposing teeth had to remain on a soft diet. The mean follow‐up period was 46.2 months. The average of the absolute deviation values was 1.45 mm. This value was 0.94 mm in six cases with mandibular body defects and 2.26 mm in four cases with mandibular defects involving the ramus.ConclusionsThe present novel technique is simple, quick to prepare, and accurate. This technique can be a viable option for microsurgical mandibular reconstruction.
Network Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction (NAMER): Convolutional neural network guided retrospective motion correction using a separable motion model
Authors: Haskell Melissa W. , Cauley Stephen F. , Bilgic Berkin , Hossbach Julian , Splitthoff Daniel N. , Pfeuffer Josef , Setsompop Kawin , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: May 2019

PurposeWe introduce and validate a scalable retrospective motion correction technique for brain imaging that incorporates a machine learning component into a model‐based motion minimization.MethodsA convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to remove motion artifacts from 2D T2‐weighted rapid acquisition with refocused echoes (RARE) images is introduced into a model‐based data‐consistency optimization to jointly search for 2D motion parameters and the uncorrupted image. Our separable motion model allows for efficient intrashot (line‐by‐line) motion correction of highly corrupted shots, as opposed to previous methods which do not scale well with this refinement of the motion model. Final image generation incorporates the motion parameters within a model‐based image reconstruction. The method is tested in simulations and in vivo motion experiments of in‐plane motion corruption.ResultsWhile the convolutional neural network alone provides some motion mitigation (at the expense of introduced blurring), allowing it to guide the iterative joint‐optimization both improves the search convergence and renders the joint‐optimization separable. This enables rapid mitigation within shots in addition to between shots. For 2D in‐plane motion correction experiments, the result is a significant reduction of both image space root mean square error in simulations, and a reduction of motion artifacts in the in vivo motion tests.ConclusionThe separability and convergence improvements afforded by the combined convolutional neural network+model‐based method shows the potential for meaningful postacquisition motion mitigation in clinical MRI.
Rohstoffe: Phosphor zurückgewinnen
Authors: Krämer Jana , Frank Daniel , Bertau Martin , Fröhlich Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUm einen P‐Kreislauf in Deutschland zu erreichen, gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten, Klärschlamm aufzubereiten. Welche Verfahren sich durchsetzen, hängt von den Märkten ab.
Siebte Carnival Conference Session (CCS‐2019)
Authors: Diaz Hernandez Dolores , Disch Sabrina , Klußmann Martin , Schlörer Nils , Prechtl Martin , Strub Erik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZum siebten Mal fand in diesem Jahr am Department Chemie der Universität Köln die Carnival Conference Session statt, traditionell am Mittwoch vor Karneval. Konzept der CCS: Auf Einladung der Nachwuchsgruppen des Departments halten Nachwuchswissenschaftler Vorträge, die die ganze Breite der Chemie widerspiegeln und sich sowohl an Arbeitsgruppen als auch an Studierende richten. Etwa 50 Teilnehmer lauschten den Vorträgen und diskutierten nicht nur bei der Postersession, sondern auch nach Abschluss des offiziellen Programms.
Lebendig und relevant in allen Bereichen
Authors: Urmann Matthias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWofür steht die GDCh – und was will sie in Zukunft sein? Um diese Fragen zu klären, hat ein Strategieentwicklungsteam aus Vorstands‐, Geschäftsstellen‐ und weiteren engagierten Mitgliedern Leitlinien für die künftige Entwicklung erarbeitet.
Empathy levels among nursing students: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Håkansson Eklund Jakob , Holmström Inger K. , Ollén Lindqvist Anna , Sundler Annelie J. , Hochwälder Jacek , Marmstål Hammar Lena 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimEmpathy is a crucial component of the nurse–patient relationship, but knowledge is lacking as to when empathy develops during nursing education. The aim of the present study was to compare empathy levels at different stages of undergraduate nursing education and different master's nursing programmes.DesignThe design was a comparative cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 329 participants in Sweden, comprised of nursing students in their second and sixth semesters in an undergraduate nursing programme as well as master's nursing students, rated their own empathy using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy.ResultsStudents in their sixth semester in an undergraduate nursing programme expressed more empathy than did students in their second semester and master's nursing students. Among the five master's programmes, public‐health nursing students expressed the most empathy and intensive‐care nursing students the least.
Professional vulnerability in mental healthcare contexts: A focus group study of milieu‐therapists’ experiences
Authors: Bachmann Liv , Michaelsen Ragnhild , Vatne Solfrid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo gain insight into how the workplace influences milieu‐therapists’ vulnerability in the mental healthcare context.BackgroundMental health services have experienced substantial changes. Reduced institutional treatment capacity is replacing the development of locally based treatment. Changes in external conditions in mental health services have influenced the working conditions of nurses and milieu‐therapists.DesignQualitative design. The study complied with the COREQ checklist.MethodsFocus group interviews.Results“Vulnerability due to unpredictable and threatening working context” was the common key theme that emerged in both contexts. Two key themes were different and opposite. In municipal mental health care, “Alone and unprotected” and in institutional care, “Together and protected.”ConclusionThe participants from both specialized and community mental health care, experienced vulnerability at different levels interpreted as a contradictory relationship between the healthcare system and their own ideals of what professional practice ought to be.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study contributes to extended knowledge and understanding about the experienced influence of the working environment on professional vulnerability of nurses and milieu‐therapists` in mental health services. The impact of contextual conditions on health professionals’ working conditions has multi‐professional relevance for milieu‐therapists and managers of mental health services, and it is an important topic in health and social higher education.
Educational interventions on fever management in children: A scoping review
Authors: Arias Daniel , Chen Timothy F. , Moles Rebekah J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have been conducted specifically to target “fever phobia” and inappropriate fever management skills. However, despite educational intervention, caregivers continue to adopt inappropriate and non‐evidence‐based practices.AimsTo collect and examine peer‐reviewed literature for active educational interventions aimed at improving fever management in children and profile them based on: who provided the training, training location, how the intervention was delivered, outcomes of training, and how it was measured.DesignScoping Review.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMED, PsycINFO, and IPA were searched from January 1980–December 2016. Study location, type of intervention, intervention target, study aim(s), sample size, instruments, outcome measures, and results were extracted.ResultsThirty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most targeted parents with the remainder focused on healthcare professionals. The interventions and their outcome measures varied significantly from structured group training sessions to video interventions and many using a combination of methods. Most interventions reported a positive impact in outcomes such as knowledge, health service use, or fever management skills.ConclusionMore standardized educational platforms targeted at both caregivers and healthcare professionals with appropriate evaluation methods should be developed and made widely available.
Safety, tolerability and efficacy of a novel self‐use biodegradable device for management of obesity
Authors: Shirin H. , Richter V. , Matalon S. , Abramowich D. , Maliar A. , Shachar E. , Moss S. F. , Broide E. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryObjectiveObesity is a major public health issue with significant impact on quality of life, morbidity and mortality rates. It is estimated that if the current trends continue, 18% of men and 21% of women worldwide will be obese by 2025. All the current therapies are not optimal due to limited efficacy or safety; thus, there is a need for additional devices for the treatment of obesity. This study aimed to examine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a biodegradable encapsulated Epitomee device for weight loss. The technology is based on absorbent pharmaceuticals polymers and bonding materials that self‐expand in the stomach to create a pH‐sensitive super absorbent gel structure for weight loss.MethodsA prospective, 12‐week twice daily use of the encapsulated device in patients with body mass index of 27–40 kg m−2. Efficacy endpoints were the percent total body weight loss (%TBWL), proportion of participants with 5% TBWL and changes in cardio‐metabolic markers. Safety analysis included evaluation of adverse events, laboratory and endoscopic findings.ResultsOverall, 52 patients completed the study. TBWL per intension‐to‐treat analysis was 3.68 ± 3.07% (3.23 ± 2.69 kg) and 4.52 ± 2.97% (3.95 ± 2.57 kg) per protocol. No device serious adverse effects reported. The most common adverse events were headache (18.1%), viral infection (11.5%), abdominal discomfort (10.1%), bloating (7.9%), nausea and constipation (5% each) and flatulence (4.3%). Endoscopy in 26 patients revealed mild, asymptomatic gastric/duodenal erythema without erosions in five patients.ConclusionsTwelve weeks of Epitomee capsules treatment combined with lifestyle counselling resulted in 3.68–4.52% of TBWL. With continued research, the Epitomee capsules have considerable potential to become a non‐invasive, safe and effective treatment option for weight loss.
Implementation of a Stewardship Initiative on Respiratory Viral PCR‐based Antibiotic Deescalation
Authors: Srinivas Pavithra , Rivard Kaitlyn R. , Pallotta Andrea M. , Athans Vasilios , Martinez Kristin , Loutzenheiser Samantha , Lam Simon W. , Procop Gary W. , Richter Sandra S. , Neuner Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveRespiratory viral polymerase chain reaction (RV PCR) tests assist in rapidly identifying viral pathogens and differentiating viral versus bacterial causes of pneumonia. Studies evaluating the use of RV PCR tests on antibiotic use in adults have demonstrated mixed results. We implemented an antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) intervention for patients with a positive RV PCR test result who were receiving broad‐spectrum antibiotics and aimed to assess the impact on antibiotic usage.MethodsRetrospective quasi‐experimental study of adult hospitalized patients comparing time to antibiotic deescalation, duration of antibiotic therapy, and antiviral use preintervention (January–March 2016) and postintervention (January–March 2017).ResultsOf 172 ASP alerts reviewed, 55 (32%) were considered actionable. Of these, 47% of interventions were accepted. No significant difference was observed in median time to antibiotic deescalation (pre: 2.7 days vs post: 2.3 days, p=0.88). Time to discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy pre‐ and postintervention was reduced from 4 to 1.9 days (p=0.057) for piperacillin‐tazobactam, from 2.7 to 1.8 days (p=0.75) for ceftriaxone, and from 3.6 to 2 days (p=0.4) for levofloxacin, respectively. Time to initiation of oseltamivir for influenza was significantly shorter in the postintervention group (pre: 11.3 hrs vs post: 3.6 hrs, p=0.02).ConclusionA third of patients receiving broad‐spectrum antibiotics with a positive RV PCR had an opportunity for antimicrobial optimization, although this did not translate into a significant impact on the time to antibiotic deescalation or overall antibiotic use. Combination of RV PCR results with biomarkers to rule out bacterial coinfections and chest radiographic findings may help enhance the likelihood of accepted antibiotic deescalation recommendations and represents an area of future research.
Sonne statt Flaute
Authors: Kleidon Axel 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Energiewende hat zum Ziel, den Energiebedarf Deutschlands komplett aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen zu decken. Ist das innerhalb des Landes möglich? Im Prinzip ja, zeigen Abschätzungen. Der Schlüssel ist die direkte Nutzung der Solarenergie, denn sie liefert mehr als genug erneuerbare Energie. Erneuerbare Energiequellen wie Wind, Wasserkraft oder Biomasse entstehen aus der Solarstrahlung über Umwandlungsketten mit oft geringen Wirkungsgraden. Ihre Potenziale sind entsprechend niedriger, besonders ineffizient ist die Biomasse. Auch der große Beitrag des Winds in derzeitigen Zukunftsszenarien der Energiewende ist kritisch zu bewerten. Die Nutzungsgrenzen der Windenergie werden wahrscheinlich bereits innerhalb dieser Szenarien überschritten. Da Solarenergie aber jahreszeitlich stark schwankt, sind effiziente Energiespeicher oder der Schritt über die Grenzen Deutschlands hinaus notwendig. Dann gelingt die Wende zu 100 % erneuerbarer Energie.
Kinematic analysis and navigation method of a cable‐driven continuum robot used for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Qi Fei , Ju Feng , Bai Dongming , Wang Yaoyao , Chen Bai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDue to the outstanding compliance and dexterity, continuum robot have great advantages in confined space applications, especially in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, the vascular environment is complicated and tortuous, it is necessary to preoperative motion planning and navigation for a continuum robot.MethodsA cable‐driven continuum robot is proposed, and the mapping relationship among the driven space, joint space and task space, as well as the decoupling algorithm are analyzed based on piecewise constant curvature assumption. Moreover, a navigation method is presented to achieve semi‐autonomous interventional surgery based on the vascular constraints by using the backbone cure method.ResultsFinally, by using the prototype, the interventional simulations and experiments for a simulated glass blood vessel are developed to validate the feasibility and maneuverability of the proposed model and navigation method.ConclusionsThe established motion model and navigation method can be used as a motion control and navigation reference.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Co(OH)2‐ and/or Co3O4‐Decorated Cobalt‐Doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays and Their Potential as (Photo‐)Anode Materials
Authors: Kegel Jan , Laffir Fathima , Povey Ian M. , Pemble Martyn E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal oxides like zinc oxide (ZnO) are particularly promising materials to be used in core technologies for the generation and storage of clean energy such as batteries, photovoltaics or solar fuel production and solar water splitting. The deposition of the electrode materials used in these applications should be as cost effective as possible, while maintaining good device characteristics. Here, a simple low‐temperature solution‐based deposition method is reported that allows for the growth of high surface area, cobalt‐doped ZnO nanorod‐arrays decorated with cobaltic over‐coatings. Control over the visible light absorption and the nature of the cobaltic over‐coating (e. g. Co(OH)2 and/or Co3O4) can be achieved by changing the growth parameters during the one‐pot synthesis. Focusing on the evaluation of the underlying growth principles and resulting material properties, the study discusses the crucial role of the organic growth modifier used (monoethanolamine) as a complexing‐, growth‐directing‐ and reducing agent. Furthermore, the (solar driven) oxidation of water is taken as an example reaction in order to gain further insight into the functionality of the structures. Accounting for the temperature dependent breakdown of metal‐amine complexes, a two‐stage growth mechanism is proposed that will allow the optimization of the resulting structures for individual applications, but which could also prove valuable for other metal‐oxide/hydroxide material combinations.
Preciously Determining Energy Levels and Screening Extraction Medium to Design Highly Efficient Carriers Transport Pathways for Zn‐CuInS2 Quantum Dots Based H2 Generation Application
Authors: Sheng Pengtao , Zhang Zhiwei , Yao Lu , Geng Hongchao , Zhou Panke , Cao Kesheng , Li Weili 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the creation of long‐lived defect states‐related donor‐acceptor pair (DAP) recombination pathway, the Zn doped CuInS2 quantum dots (CIZS QDs) sensitized TiO2 photoelectrode displayed a good photocurrent response ability with a density of 2.7 mA/cm2. Further introduction Au nanoparticles (NPs) between CIZS and TiO2, and the outermost layer CdS, the photocurrent of CdS‐CIZS−Au‐TiO2 reached 7.5 mA/cm2 with an increase of 75% and 175%, respectively. The enhancements both in photo‐conversion ability and photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation reactivity can be mainly attributed to the functions of Au NPs acting as electron traps to help separate the long‐lived carriers of CIZS QDs and subsequently improve interfacial charge transfer, as well as CdS's ability to enhance holes extraction.
Ceria‐Nanoparticles‐Based Microfluidic Nanobiochip Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Ochratoxin‐A
Authors: Dhiman Tarun K. , Lakshmi GBVS , Roychoudhury Appan , Jha Sandeep K. , Solanki Pratima R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOchratoxin‐A (OTA) is a fungal mycotoxin that is present in most of the food stuff, and shows adverse effects on human beings. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of OTA is necessary. Here, ceria nanoparticles based microfluidic nanobiochip was fabricated for the electrochemical detection of OTA. Ceria nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical co‐precipitation method and characterized by various techniques. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of fluorite cubic structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited the formation of very small size (4‐5 nm) with nearly spherical shape nanoparticles. Microfluidic nanobiochip was fabricated using 300 μm microfluidic channel using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Simultaneously, indium tin oxide (ITO) coated Corning glass was used for the fabrication of immunoelectrodes platform using antibodies (anti‐OTA) for the OTA detection. The detection range was achieved from 350 pg ml−1 to 10 ng ml−1 with sensitivity of 7.5 μA ng−1 mL cm−2, without any interference effect using differential pulse voltammetry.
Electrochemical Processes with a Chambered Dual‐Anode Design for Enhanced Removal of Dichlorophenol in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hu Yue , Mao Xuhui , Cui Jiaxin , Xiong Lili , Yin Panji , Zhou Shoubin , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51778505), and the international cooperative grant from the Hubei Province (2018AHB016), and the R&D fund from the department of science and technology of Guangdong province (2017B090901029).
Conjugation of Different Aflatoxin Derivatives to Proteins and Their Use as Heterologous Antigens in Immunoassay Development
Authors: Ertekin Özlem , Kocaağa Harun , Öztürk Selma 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnalysis of small molecule contaminants using biochemical methods like ELISA or biosensors often require their conjugation to a bigger molecule. Protein conjugates of aflatoxins (AFs), potent carcinogenic mycotoxins, are widely used in antibody and analytical assay development. There are more than 20 naturally occurring AF derivatives four of which are regulated by international authorities. AFB1, the most abundant AF derivative, is also the most commonly utilized one in protein conjugation reactions. In this study, we demonstrated that the use of different AF derivatives can is an aid for modifying the conjugation efficacy to obtain optimal hapten densities. With a Mannich‐type reaction scheme, AFG1 and AFG2 conjugates showed more than 3‐fold higher hapten densities compared with AFB1 and AFB2 conjugates. We also showed that the use of heterologous antigens in AF immunoassay development decreases the production costs without affecting assay sensitivity.
Synthetic Strategies and Cascade Reactions of 2‐Cyanobenzophenones for the Access to Diverse 3,3‐Disubstituted Isoindolinones and 3‐Aryl‐3‐Hydroxyisoindolinones
Authors: Di Mola Antonia , Macchia Antonio , Tedesco Consiglia , Pierri Giovanni , Palombi Laura , Filosa Rosanna , Massa Antonio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein we report new methodologies for the synthesis of the challenging ketones 2‐cyanobenzophenones, based on Suzuki‐Miyaura type cross‐coupling reactions and very mild oxidation of 2‐benzylbenzonitriles. The investigation of the reactivity of the obtained ketones highlighted a very good electrophilicity in the presence of mild carbon‐ and hetero‐nucleophiles, allowing the synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted isoindolin‐1‐ones. All the developed methodologies are highly efficient and tolerate combinations of functional groups present on both the aromatic rings.