bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Straw and Straw Biochar on the Community Structure and Diversity of Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in Rice-wheat Rotation Ecosystems
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Sun Huifeng , Zhou Sheng , Bai Naling , Zheng Xianqing , Li Shuangxi , Zhang Juanqin , Lv Weiguang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmmonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). Straw and straw biochar retention are the popular ways to utilize the agricultural by-products in China, but their long-term effects on AOB and AOA still remain poorly understood. Based on a 7-year plot experiment, which had 4 fertilization regimes: no fertilizer (CK), regular fertilization (RT), straw retention (SR) and straw biochar retention (SB), the abundance and the composition of AOB and AOA was investigated before both the harvest of rice and wheat season by quantitative PCR and 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing, respectively. (1) Compared to RT, straw and straw biochar increased AOB abundance and diversity significantly only in wheat season (P < 0.05), and they both ranked as SB > SR > RT. Among fertilized treatments, a significant difference between SR and RT was found in AOB community composition of the winter season (R value = 0.58, P value = 0.02); (2) In contrast, AOA was almost not responsive to organic addition, except the significant enhancement of abundance by biochar in wheat season; (3) After straw and straw biochar addition, soil potential nitrification rates (PNR) was positive correlated to AOB abundance in both rice and wheat season (P < 0.01), not to AOA abundance (P = 0.211 and 0.068, respectively). This study provides scientific support for the potential of straw utilization to improve nitrification in rice-wheat rotation system with respect to soil ammonia oxidation microorganism.
Brain evolution in Proboscidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria) across the Cenozoic
Authors: Benoit Julien , Legendre Lucas J. , Tabuce Rodolphe , Obada Theodor , Mararescul Vladislav , Manger Paul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs the largest and among the most behaviourally complex extant terrestrial mammals, proboscideans (elephants and their extinct relatives) are iconic representatives of the modern megafauna. The timing of the evolution of large brain size and above average encephalization quotient remains poorly understood due to the paucity of described endocranial casts. Here we created the most complete dataset on proboscidean endocranial capacity and analysed it using phylogenetic comparative methods and ancestral character states reconstruction using maximum likelihood. Our analyses support that, in general, brain size and body mass co-evolved in proboscideans across the Cenozoic; however, this pattern appears disrupted by two instances of specific increases in relative brain size in the late Oligocene and early Miocene. These increases in encephalization quotients seem to correspond to intervals of important climatic, environmental and faunal changes in Africa that may have positively selected for larger brain size or body mass.
The Psychometric Evaluation of a Speech Production Test Battery for Children: The Reliability and Validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument
Authors: van Haaften Leenke , Diepeveen Sanne , van den Engel-Hoek Lenie , Jonker Marianne , de Swart Bert , Maassen Ben 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI), a speech production test battery assessing phonological and speech motor skills in 4 tasks: (1) picture naming, (2) nonword imitation, (3) word and nonword repetition, and (4) maximum repetition rate (MRR).MethodNormative data were collected in 1,524 typically developing Dutch-speaking children (aged between 2;0 and 7;0 [years;months]). Parameters were extracted on segmental and syllabic accuracy (Tasks 1 and 2), consistency (Task 3), and syllables per second (Task 4). Interrater reliability and test–retest reliability were analyzed using subgroups of the normative sample and studied by estimating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity was investigated by determining age-related changes of test results and factor analyses of the extracted speech measures.ResultsICCs for interrater reliability ranged from sufficient to good, except for percentage of vowels correct of picture naming and nonword imitation and for the MRRs for bisyllabic and trisyllabic items. The ICCs for test–retest reliability were sufficient (picture naming, nonword imitation) to insufficient (word and nonword repetition, MRR) due to larger-than-expected normal development and learning effects. Continuous norms showed developmental patterns for all CAI parameters. The factor analyses revealed 5 meaningful factors: all picture-naming parameters, the segmental parameters of nonword imitation, the syllabic structure parameters of nonword imitation, (non)word repetition consistency, and all MRR parameters.ConclusionIts overall sufficient to good psychometric properties indicate that the CAI is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of typical and delayed speech development in Dutch children in the ages of 2–7 years.
Inferring black hole spins and probing accretion/ejection flows in AGNs with theAthenaX-ray Integral Field Unit
Authors: Barret Didier , Cappi Massimo 
Published: June 2019

Context. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) display complex X-ray spectra that exhibit a variety of emission and absorption features. These are commonly interpreted as a combination of (i) a relativistically smeared reflection component, resulting from the irradiation of an accretion disk by a compact hard X-ray source; (ii) one or several warm or ionized absorption components produced by AGN-driven outflows crossing our line of sight; and (iii) a nonrelativistic reflection component produced by more distant material. Disentangling these components via detailed model fitting could be used to constrain the black hole spin, geometry, and characteristics of the accretion flow, as well as of the outflows and surroundings of the black hole.Aims. We investigate how a high-throughput high-resolution X-ray spectrometer such as theAthenaX-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) can be used to this aim, using the state-of-the-art reflection modelrelxillin a lamp-post geometrical configuration.Methods. We simulated a representative sample of AGN spectra, including all necessary model complexities, as well as a range of model parameters going from standard to more extreme values, and considered X-ray fluxes that are representative of known AGN and quasar populations. We also present a method to estimate the systematic errors related to the uncertainties in the calibration of the X-IFU.Results. In a conservative setting, in which the reflection component is computed self consistently by therelxillmodel from the pre-set geometry and no iron overabundance, the mean errors on the spin and height of the irradiating source are < 0.05 and ∼0.2Rg(in units of gravitational radius). Similarly, the absorber parameters (column density, ionization parameter, covering factor, and velocity) are measured to an accuracy typically less than ∼5% over their allowed range of variations. Extending the simulations to include blueshifted ultra-fast outflows, we show that X-IFU could measure their velocity with statistical errors < 1%, even for high-redshift objects (e.g., at redshifts ∼2.5).Conclusion. The simulations presented here demonstrate the potential of the X-IFU to understand how black holes are powered and how they shape their host galaxies. The accuracy in recovering the physical model parameters encoded in their X-ray emission is reached thanks to the unique capability of X-IFU to separate and constrain narrow and broad emission and absorption components.
Die pleurale Residualhöhle nach Lungenresektion
Authors: Lesser Thomas 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungBei ca. 10% der Patienten kommt es nach anatomischer Lungenresektion zu einer pleuralen Residualhöhle. Die häufigsten Ursachen sind die Lungenparenchymerkrankung mit verminderter Compliance und die Luftfistel. Tritt bis zum Ende der 4. Woche keine Komplikation auf, ist mit einem unkomplizierten Verlauf (Resorption der Luft) zu rechnen. Bei einer Infektion der Höhle und einer bronchopleuralen Fistel besteht die Gefahr der inneren Aspiration mit Ausbildung einer lebensbedrohlichen Pneumonie. In diesen Fällen ist ein operatives Vorgehen indiziert. Die Wahl des operativen Verfahrens ist eine individuelle Entscheidung, wobei der Allgemeinzustand, Nebenerkrankungen, die Mobilität und Motivation des Patienten, die respiratorische Funktion, die Qualität des Lungengewebes, das Grundleiden sowie dessen Prognose und lokale wie auch systemische Auswirkungen der chronischen Höhleninfektion berücksichtigt werden müssen. Für die operative Therapie einer pleuralen Residualhöhle stehen folgende Verfahren zur Verfügung: Pleuradrainage, Pneumoperitoneum, Pleurazelt, Dekortikation der Lunge, Muskeltransposition, Thorakoplastik, Thorakostoma, Kombinationsverfahren. Die Drainage- oder Dekortikationsverfahren setzen eine ausdehnungsfähige Restlunge voraus. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt das Postpneumonektomieempyem dar. Zur Vermeidung einer pleuralen Residualhöhle können bereits beim Ersteingriff prophylaktische Maßnahmen (Pleurazelt, Pneumoperitoneum, N.-phrenicus-Blockade) erfolgen.
Early Total Hip Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Acetabular Fractures
Authors: Willey Michael C. , Scott Elizabeth , Marsh J Lawrence 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEarly total hip arthroplasty in patients with acetabular fractures is considered in rare situations with specific indications. Generally, this treatment option is considered in patients older than 55 or 60 years, but the physiological age must also be considered. The patient should be functional and ambulatory before the injury and healthy enough to tolerate the insult of a surgical procedure of this magnitude. Preexisting conditions such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis encourage consideration of total hip arthroplasty. Specific injury patterns are predictive of fixation failure in older patients with acetabular fractures. These findings represent worse articular injury and low bone density that would intuitively lead to failure. This “gull sign” or “seagull sign” describes either the central–superior dome impaction seen in high-transverse fractures or the impaction of the subchondral bone on the intact edge of a partial posterior column fracture. Other radiographic predictors of failure in posterior wall fractures include comminution of more than three fragments, involvement of the superior dome in high posterior wall fractures, and marginal impaction. Older patients have a high incidence of these radiographic findings, predictive of fixation failure without arthroplasty. Other injury characteristics including concomitant displaced femoral neck fracture and femoral head injury are also indications for total hip arthroplasty in older patients. Acute hip arthroplasty can be performed using the posterolateral, direct lateral, anterolateral, and anterior approaches to the hip. There are also reports of patients who underwent combined approaches to the hip for stabilization of the injury using the anterior intrapelvic approach and ilioinguinal approach. Combined approaches are generally not recommended. Extended approaches are not recommended or necessary for early arthroplasty in acetabular fractures. This review article highlights recent trends of early total hip arthroplasty in senior patients with acetabular fracture, and the indications for the procedure, complications, clinical outcomes, and technical considerations, with cases to highlight these concepts.
Waardenburg syndrome
Authors: Clarós Pedro , Remjasz Agnieszka , Clarós-Pujol Astrid , Pujol Carmen , Clarós Andrés 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To assess the long-term outcomes after cochlear implantation in children under 3 years of age with Waardenburg syndrome (WS), concerning preoperative radiological imaging, intraoperative surgical findings and postoperative auditory and speech performance.

Material and methods:
A retrospective analytical study conducted on the young WS children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) who underwent the cochlear implantation. Postoperative outcomes were confronted with results obtained by aged-matched peers without additional disabilities. The auditory performance was assessed with the MAIS and CAP. The speech and language development were evaluated with the MUSS and SIR. Radiological evaluation was performed with the MRI and HRCT scans.

Results:
There were 22 children with WS, who received a multichannel implant at a mean age of 23.5 months of age (SD 7.5, range: 12–36 months). WS group outperformed non-syndromic (NS) children in SIR (4.7, 95%, SD 0.8 vs. 4.3, 95%, SD 0.8) and MUSS (35.6, 95%, SD 3.4 vs. 30.3, 95%, SD 7.6). Auditory performance assessed in MAIS/IT-MAIS improved similarly in both groups (34.8, 95%, SD 1.8 in WS vs. 35, 95%, SD 2.5 in NS children). The reference group gained significantly higher scores in CAP (6.2, 95%, SD 0.7 vs. 5.8, 95%, SD 1.8). Additional anomalies of the inner ear were observed including the enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), common cavity deformity (CCD), incomplete partition type II (IP-II). Two cases presented various forms of mental retardation.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrated that cochlear implantation in young children with WS is a beneficial method treating profound SNHL. The most beneficial outcomes may be achieved thanks to the early implantation, parental involvement and comprehensive care from speech therapists, preferably implemented altogether. The detailed radiological examination and psychological assessment should be considered before the implantation. The results support the concept of early cochlear implantation in children with genetic disorders.
Dissociated vestibular test results (caloric and vHIT) in patients with Meniere’s disease are not due to velocity storage malfunction
Authors: Eza-Nuñez Paloma , Guajardo-Vergara Carlos , Fariñas-Alvarez Concepción , Arbizu-Ruiz Lorea , Pérez-Fernández Nicolás 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
In Ménière’s disease, the most frequent finding in vestibular testing is a discrepancy of results. We wanted to know whether this discrepancy could be due to an abnormal central vestibular processing of the signal during the caloric test.

Materials and methods:
50 patients diagnosed with unilateral definite Ménière’s disease were classified according to their results in both tests. All were then compared with 12 normal subjects. The time constant of the nystagmic response and the results in the test was compared in the different groups and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results:
The mean time constant and phase lead were only different from results in normal subjects when both the caloric and vHIT results were abnormal.

Conclusion:
In unilateral Ménière’s disease, discrepant results in the vHIT and caloric test do not indicate abnormal central vestibular processing of information.
Developing LKPD Medicinal Plant Diversity with an Investigation Model Group on Learning Comprehension
Authors: Prayitno Novia Linda , Suryadarma IGP 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study has purposes to: (1) Determine the eligibility of Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik (LKPD); (2) Determine the eligibility of LKPD model of group investigation on the understanding of students grade X. This research uses research and development approaches with steps of 4-D (four-D-model). Subject of trial of the study were limited to 10 students of grade XI. Subject of operational product trials consists of two classes, the experimental classes and control class which consists of 24 students of grade X of one high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data were analyzed by using SPSS to determine the validity, reliability item, and analyze data by the Independent T-Test. This research resulted in the product of the LKPD fit for use as a learning resource. The results of 1) validation subject matter and learning experts showed good and very good results with an average score of 2.8 and 3.3.2) The value of the understanding the significance of students at the pre-test of learning is 0.125> 0.05, whereas, at post learning is 0.007 <0.05.
The Effects of Web-Assisted Problem Based Learning Model of Physics Learning on High School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Alandia Rahma Ghalda , Jumadi  , Wilujeng Insih , Kuswanto Heru 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine differences in critical thinking skills outcomes between groups with students who take physics learning with web-assisted problem based learning model with students who take physics learning using learning commonly used by teachers to student of XI class. This research was a quasi-experimental (quasi experiment) with the draft “post-test only control group design”. The population in this study is a XI class of even semester in SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The sample selection is based on the adjustment of the material that is used. The data were taken using the test methods and instruments used for assessment is 8 essay questions with 8 indicators of critical thinking skills tests. Based on the results of hypothesis testing that has been done by t-test sample independent found that there are differences in critical thinking skills outcomes significantly among students who take physics learning with web-assisted problem based learning model. Furthermore, there are effects web-assisted problem based learning model in students’ critical thinking skills. This is evident from the high effect size of Cohen’s test is included in the high category. Based on this it can be concluded that physics learning with web-assisted problem based learning model influence on high school students critical thinking skills outcomes.
Application of Multimedia Learning Modules assisted by “Tracker” Virtual Laboratory to Train Verbal Representation of Class XI High School Students
Authors: Oktavia Danis Alif , Nursuhud Puji Iman , Kurniawan Mas Aji , Jumadi  , Wilujeng Insih , Kuswanto Heru 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the application of multimedia learning modules assisted by tracker virtual laboratory (virlab) to train the verbal representation of students in class XI. This study uses observation and documentation methods to collect data. Observation instruments in the form of assessment sheets used to assess the level of representation students by using 2 classes where each class is filled by different educators. The first class is class XI IPA 1 (modelling class) and the second class is class XI IPA 2 (implementation class). The ability of verbal representations of students is assessed based on indicators on the assessment sheet. The results of the analysis show that verbal representation skills based on indicators clearly explain the problem, the ability to express opinions in sentence form, and describe definitions and terms of a concept in the implementation class obtain results that are better than the modelling classes. Whereas, the fourth indicator is explaining the results of the graph in the form of verbal representations in the modelling class obtained results that are better than the implementation class. These results indicate that application of multimedia learning modules assisted by tracker virlab application can be used to train verbal representation skills.
Artificial Intelligent in Education: The Development of ‘Disabel’ System to Analyze Student Learning Styles
Authors: Dewantara Brezto Asagi , Ghufron A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The industrial revolution 4.0 is Characterized by automation and digitalization in various sectors. This of course has an immediate impact on the development of education. The Science of Technology has been integrated into the education sector so that the modern era of education can Utilize technological developments to improve the quality of education. The quality of education is related to the learning process. Learners must maximize the learning process to improve learning outcomes. Learning style plays an important role in the learning process, learners must therefore Recognize the learning style they have. This study aims to analyze learning styles based on the type of learning style classification (visual, auditory and kinesthetic). The research uses waterfall method and developed based on the website by applying the principle of artificial intelligence by applying the forward chaining algorithm as an inference engine. The forward chaining is designed based on the rules of the system knowledge and collaborated with knowledge of learning styles. To assess the system, the program was tested twice by involving two program experts. The results of the first learning style analysis system test program obtained an average score of 3.68 on a scale of 4 with the criteria of "Very Good". Second program expert assessed this system with an average score of 3.89on a scale of 4 with criteria for "Very Good". Then the overall score for the learning style analysis system at a score of 3.87 with the criteria of "Very Good".
The Innovative Framework for Developing Science Teacher Education: NOS Within TPACK
Authors: Widowati Asri 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Skill in using of effective technology in learning has become an important skill for science teachers and an important topic in current research. The integration of technology in education grew rapidly in the 21st century, and influenced the shift in pedagogical content knowledge, and was known as TPACK. Equally important in the science, the NOS payload must also be integrated in TPACK for the science teacher’s education so that the fundamental principles of science learning are not forgotten and the science learning that is held as characteristic of science. The innovation of integrating NOS loads in TPACK, hereinafter referred to as NOS-loaded TPACK is essential for the development of the quality of science teacher education.
STREAMIN Model for the Next Generation of Science Education in Indonesia
Authors: Imaduddin Muhamad , Zuhaida Anggun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The rapid development of science and technology globally becomes a challenge that must be faced in the present and in the future. Reorientation of science education has seen science in a collaborative perspective through the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach. Nevertheless, the "arts" aspect needs to be taken into consideration that it is important to cultivate an innovative spirit in producing the work. Furthermore, self identity as a nation that believes in God and a united country in cultural diversity need to be nurtured. The STREAMIN Model is needed to realize the next generation of science education which has innovative, religious, and nationalist character. This paper reviews the literature through identification of science education (S) regarding technology (T), religion (R), engineering (E), arts (A), mathematics (M), indigenous culture (I), and nationalism (N). In the planning, “Spider Web” analysis is needed to see the orientation of science learning. Classroom management emphasizing reading and writing activities, as well as project-based learning is needed to improve learners’ literacy. The flipped classroom is designed in accordance with the current millennial generation. The evaluation also emphasizes the availability of authentic assessment prioritizing aspects of innovation, religious attitude, and spirit of nationalism.