bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multilevel neo‐institutional analysis of infection prevention and control in English hospitals: coerced safety culture change?
Authors: Kyratsis Yiannis , Ahmad Raheelah , Iwami Michiyo , Castro‐Sánchez Enrique , Atun Rifat , Holmes Alison H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite committed policy, regulative and professional efforts on healthcare safety, little is known about how such macro‐interventions permeate organisations and shape culture over time. Informed by neo‐institutional theory, we examined how inter‐organisational influences shaped safety practices and inter‐subjective meanings following efforts for coerced culture change. We traced macro‐influences from 2000 to 2015 in infection prevention and control (IPC). Safety perceptions and meanings were inductively analysed from 130 in‐depth qualitative interviews with senior‐ and middle‐level managers from 30 English hospitals. A total of 869 institutional interventions were identified; 69% had a regulative component. In this context of forced implementation of safety practices, staff experienced inherent tensions concerning the scope of safety, their ability to be open and prioritisation of external mandates over local need. These tensions stemmed from conflicts among three co‐existing institutional logics prevalent in the NHS. In response to requests for change, staff flexibly drew from a repertoire of cognitive, material and symbolic resources within and outside their organisations. They crafted ‘strategies of action’, guided by a situated assessment of first‐hand practice experiences complementing collective evaluations of interventions such as ‘pragmatic’, ‘sensible’ and also ‘legitimate’. Macro‐institutional forces exerted influence either directly on individuals or indirectly by enriching the organisational cultural repertoire.
‘I Think I Made The Right Decision … I Hope I'm Not Wrong’. Vaccine hesitancy, commitment and trust among parents of young children
Authors: Peretti‐Watel Patrick , Ward Jeremy K. , Vergelys Chantal , Bocquier Aurélie , Raude Jocelyn , Verger Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the last decade, public health research has emphasised the growing public disaffection with vaccination. This contemporary vaccine hesitation (VH) refers to a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines, as well as agreement despite doubt and reluctance. We investigated VH among French parents of young children, with an emphasis on two key features of VH: trust towards physicians and commitment to vaccination issues. We targeted two populations with contrasting socioeconomic profiles, using in‐depth interviews (n = 25). Most parents exhibited some kind of VH, with differentiated attitudes across vaccines, including acceptance despite enduring doubts, especially for vaccines already provided to older siblings (‘vaccine inertia’). Despite the rise of the Internet and social media, our participants still strongly relied on face‐to‐face interactions with peers and significant others. Most participants trusted their own physician but this was the result of a selection process: they had engaged resources to find a physician they could trust. Participants with contrasted socioeconomic profiles struggled with the same dilemmas, and they committed themselves to the same quest to find the ‘right’ physician. Nevertheless, parents with a higher socioeconomic status were able to engage more resources and use a wider repertoire of actions, and they also displayed greater health literacy.
Exploring necessary conditions in HRM research: Fundamental issues and methodological implications
Authors: Hauff Sven , Guerci Marco , Dul Jan , van Rhee Henk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough the notion that HRM activities are necessary conditions for achieving certain outcomes is widespread in HRM research, most empirical studies follow an additive sufficiency logic. That is, they analyse whether HRM activities increase an outcome, assuming that they can compensate for one another. However, this does not correspond to the idea of necessity where single HRM activities are required for an outcome to occur and cannot be compensated when absent. We discuss the differences between sufficiency and necessity logics in terms of theory, methodology, and practical relevance. Also, we suggest using a new approach and analysis technique in HRM research: necessary condition analysis. We illustrate the application of the method by analysing data on the relationship between ability‐, motivation‐, and opportunity‐enhancing HRM practices (i.e., high‐performance work practices) and employee performance. This illustrative example highlights that necessary conditions require particular theoretical attention and suitable empirical methods. The paper concludes by showing the value of studying necessary conditions, because such analyses allow straightforward recommendations to be given of high relevance for HRM practice, which differ from and add to recommendations based on additive sufficiency logic and analyses.
Five‐year trends of bone scan and prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography utilization in prostate cancer: A retrospective review in a private centre
Authors: Haran Crishan , McBean Rhiannon , Parsons Rex , Wong David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn the last 5 years, there has been a significant focus on the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for primary and secondary staging of prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to describe the trends of use between Gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen ligand (Ga‐68 PSMA) PET/computed tomography (PSMA PET/CT) and nuclear medicine bone scan (NMBS) for prostate cancer staging in the first institution in Australia to offer both modalities.MethodsWe evaluated trends in prostate cancer staging/restaging imaging modalities at our facility between the time period January 2013–April 2018. Imaging logs were filtered to identify NMBS and PSMA PET/CT scans done within the time period for prostate cancer. Sub‐analysis was undertaken (i) to investigate the number of patients who were imaged using both modalities, (ii) to compare the age of the patients in the NMBS group and the PSMA PET/CT group and (iii) to compare the use of PSMA PET/CT for pre‐treatment staging compared to the detection of recurrence or metastatic disease (secondary staging).ResultsA total of 3144 examinations were performed in the time period reviewed, with 546 NMBS and 2598 PSMA PET/CT scans performed. In the 6 months after PSMA PET/CT was introduced, there was a 45.7% decrease in the number of NMBS performed and 95.3% decrease across the duration of the study. In the PSMA PET/CT cohort, 1569 examinations were performed for pre‐treatment staging and 1029 performed for secondary staging. There was a significant difference in the proportion of PSMA PET/CT conducted for pre‐treatment staging compared with secondary staging when comparing the first and final 500 examinations (P < 0.05).ConclusionAfter the introduction of PSMA PET/CT there was a marked decline in the use of NMBS for prostate cancer staging. This finding is of note as it occurred before there was clinical data or guidelines supporting the use of PSMA PET/CT for prostate cancer imaging.
Testing for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in structured populations using genotype or low‐depth next generation sequencing data
Authors: Meisner Jonas , Albrechtsen Anders 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTesting for deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is a common practice for quality control in genetic studies. Variable sites violating HWE may be identified as technical errors in the sequencing or genotyping process, or they may be of particular evolutionary interest. Large‐scale genetic studies based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) methods have become more prevalent as cost is decreasing but these methods are still associated with statistical uncertainty. The large‐scale studies usually consist of samples from diverse ancestries that make the existence of some degree of population structure almost inevitable. Precautions are therefore needed when analysing these data set, as population structure causes deviations from HWE. Here we propose a method that takes population structure into account in the testing for HWE, such that other factors causing deviations from HWE can be detected. We show the effectiveness of PCAngsd in low‐depth NGS data, as well as in genotype data, for both simulated and real data set, where the use of genotype likelihoods enables us to model the uncertainty.
Improving Illumina assemblies with Hi‐C and long reads: An example with the North African dromedary
Authors: Elbers Jean P. , Rogers Mark F. , Perelman Polina L. , Proskuryakova Anastasia A. , Serdyukova Natalia A. , Johnson Warren E. , Horin Petr , Corander Jukka , Murphy David , Burger Pamela A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearchers have assembled thousands of eukaryotic genomes using Illumina reads, but traditional mate‐pair libraries cannot span all repetitive elements, resulting in highly fragmented assemblies. However, both chromosome conformation capture techniques, such as Hi‐C and Dovetail Genomics Chicago libraries and long‐read sequencing, such as Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore, help span and resolve repetitive regions and therefore improve genome assemblies. One important livestock species of arid regions that does not have a high‐quality contiguous reference genome is the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). Draft genomes exist but are highly fragmented, and a high‐quality reference genome is needed to understand adaptation to desert environments and artificial selection during domestication. Dromedaries are among the last livestock species to have been domesticated, and together with wild and domestic Bactrian camels, they are the only representatives of the Camelini tribe, which highlights their evolutionary significance. Here we describe our efforts to improve the North African dromedary genome. We used Chicago and Hi‐C sequencing libraries from Dovetail Genomics to resolve the order of previously assembled contigs, producing almost chromosome‐level scaffolds. Remaining gaps were filled with Pacific Biosciences long reads, and then scaffolds were comparatively mapped to chromosomes. Long reads added 99.32 Mbp to the total length of the new assembly. Dovetail Chicago and Hi‐C libraries increased the longest scaffold over 12‐fold, from 9.71 Mbp to 124.99 Mbp and the scaffold N50 over 50‐fold, from 1.48 Mbp to 75.02 Mbp. We demonstrate that Illumina de novo assemblies can be substantially upgraded by combining chromosome conformation capture and long‐read sequencing.
NO3− removal efficiency in field denitrification beds: key controlling factors and main implications
Authors: Grießmeier Victoria , Leberecht Kerstin , Gescher Johannes 
Published: April 2019

SummaryNitrate pollution is a growing environmental threat that affects both ground‐ and surface‐water. The typically used technique for nitrate elimination in wastewater treatment plants cannot be applied for all water streams as it necessitates a highly developed technical infrastructure. Field denitrification beds comprise one strategy to treat surface water containing high nitrate loads, which typically is due to the increasing agricultural land use. Here, the water passes through a basin containing a cheap carbon material as electron donor that provides the environmental niche for a complex microbial biocenosis. The microorganisms catalyse the hydrolysis of the polymeric organic carbon substrate and a variety of fermentative and respiratory pathways that are in the end supposed to lead to an efficient denitrification process. This review article integrates our current knowledge on environmental and operating parameters of and within denitrification beds including biotic and abiotic factors influencing the nitrate removal efficiency. Steering of these two factors can allow to minimise pollution swapping and the formation of greenhouse gases.
Fishers’ knowledge indicates temporal changes in composition and abundance of fishing resources in Amazon protected areas
Authors: Hallwass G. , Schiavetti A. , Silvano R. A. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishermen has been applied to reconstruct temporal patterns of resource abundance and to assess resource exploitation, especially in tropical ecosystems. Protected areas (PAs) are the main conservation measure in the Amazon, but their efficacy to improve fisheries is poorly known. The main goal of this study was to apply fishermen’ LEK to evaluate temporal changes in composition and abundance of exploited fish species among three different categories of PAs in the Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. We interviewed 203 fishers about their highest fish catches, and the main fish caught at two time periods: the beginning of their fishing careers and currently. Fishers’ LEK indicated decreases in citations of larger‐bodied fishes and in reported catches over time, evidencing a gradient of conservation according to PA's time of establishment and management rules. We noticed higher changes (reduced catches and smaller fish exploited) in the Environmental PA, established 10 years ago and lacking management plan and buffer zone. In National Forest, which was created 40 years ago with more restrictive management rules, fish composition and catches included larger commercial fish. The Extractive Reserve, which was created 15 years ago and lacks specific fishing rules, may be in an intermediate stage, as large fish and highest catches decreased over time, but medium and large fish are still exploited. Fishers’ LEK can be an invaluable but neglected source of data on temporal patterns of fishing pressure and conservation needs, especially in tropical megadiverse, poorly known and threatened rivers.
Two insertion/deletion variants in the promoter region of the QPCTL gene are significantly associated with body weight and carcass traits in chickens
Authors: Ren T. , Li W. , Liu D. , Liang K. , Wang X. , Li H. , Jiang R. , Tian Y. , Kang X. , Li Z. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryGlutaminyl‐peptide cyclotransferase‐like (QPCTL) is an isoenzyme of glutaminyl‐peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT). QPCTL and QPCT catalyze the formation of N‐terminal modified pyroglutamate‐fractalkine and the chemokine CCL2. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between insertions/deletions in the chicken QPCTL promoter region with growth traits in chickens. We first detected two insertion/deletion variants of QPCTL via whole‐genome resequencing analysis of DNA samples from Xichuan chickens. A total of 1896 individuals from 12 breeds were genotyped for 52‐ and 224‐bp insertions/deletions. We found two novel insertions/deletions in the promoter region of the chicken QPCTL gene and studied their association with chicken body weight and carcass traits. Our findings show that QPCTL can be a molecular marker for chicken genetics and breeding programs.
A novel SLC12A1 mutation in Bedouin kindred with antenatal Bartter syndrome type I
Authors: Halperin Daniel , Dolgin Vadim , Geylis Michael , Drabkin Max , Yogev Yuval , Wormser Ohad , Schreiber Ruth , Shalev Hanna , Landau Daniel , Birk Ohad S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFour affected individuals of consanguineous kindred presented at infancy with an apparently autosomal recessive syndrome of polyuria and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, following maternal polyhydramnios and premature delivery, culminating in severe failure to thrive. Hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and hyperaldosteronism were further apparent as well as an unusual finding of intermittent hypernatremia. Additionally, all patients demonstrated variable micrognathia with upper respiratory airway abnormalities. As neither postnatal hyperkalemia nor permanent hearing deficits were shown, clinical assessment was consistent with antenatal Bartter syndrome (ABS) type I, which was never described before in the Israeli Bedouin population. Through genome‐wide linkage analysis, we identified a single ∼3.3 Mbp disease‐associated locus on chromosome 15q21.1, segregating within the pedigree. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a single novel homozygous missense mutation within this locus, in SLC12A1, encoding the Na‐K‐Cl cotransporter, NKCC2, in accordance with the clinical diagnosis. In this concise study, we report a novel missense mutation within the SLC12A1 gene, causing a severe form of ABS type I, the first to be described in Israeli Bedouins, with unusual clinical features of hypernatremia caused by nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and putatively related micrognathia with upper airway abnormalities
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Seasonal shifts in habitat use and diet by eland confined in a small fenced reserve
Authors: Parrini Francesca , D’Ammando Giacomo , Marshal Jason P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLarge‐scale environmental changes create challenges for conservation of wildlife, particularly in fenced, insular protected areas where many wildlife populations persist. Moreover, large mammalian herbivores inhabiting spatially and temporally heterogeneous environments face the challenge of securing highly variable forage resources. Mixed feeders like the eland (Taurotragus oryx) can switch between browse and grass, but the cues that elicit that switch are not well understood. We investigated the seasonal diet shift of eland confined to a small fenced reserve and the role of greenness to elicit that shift. Eland changed from a diet in the wet season, consisting of grasses and browse found in woodland and grassland vegetation types, to a diet in the dry season dominated by the greenest browse species still available in woodland vegetation types, as greenness of dry season forage decreased. Our results suggest that eland switch from browsing to grazing in response to phenophase of the grass sward, which could explain the varying selection of grasses versus browse observed across the species range.
Comparison of celiac disease markers in women with early recurrent pregnancy loss and normal controls
Authors: Kutteh Michael A. , Abiad May , Norman Gary L. , Kutteh William H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProblemCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune intestinal inflammatory disease triggered by gluten in the diet. Untreated CD has been associated with pregnancy loss and infertility. The purpose of this study was to screen unselected women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) for markers of CD to determine whether a correlation exists between RPL and CD serum markers.Method of studyFrequencies of three serum markers of CD [tissue transglutaminase (TTG) IgA, endomysial (EMA) IgA, and deaminated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgA] were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). Seven hundred and eight women who had two or more failed clinical pregnancies (cases) and one hundred women with at least one live birth and no miscarriages (controls) were included in this study. All cases had a full workup for RPL based on the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2013 guidelines. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) were correlated with CD markers based on their potential prothrombotic role.ResultsThe results show no significant difference in the prevalence of CD autoantibodies when comparing the RPL patients with the controls. Over half of the patients who tested positive for serum markers for CD also had positive aPL.ConclusionScreening unselected women with RPL who are asymptomatic for CD is not supported based on these data. Women who test positive for CD may be candidates for aPL testing based on the association of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Dose–response relationship of perineural dexamethasone for interscalene brachial plexus block: a randomised, controlled, triple‐blind trial
Authors: Albrecht E. , Reynvoet M. , Fournier N. , Desmet M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPerineural dexamethasone has a ceiling dose of 4 mg for prolongation of analgesia duration after injection of long‐acting local anaesthetic for peripheral nerve block, but evidence for doses < 4 mg is lacking. This randomised controlled triple‐blind trial tested the hypothesis that increasing doses of perineural dexamethasone between 1 mg and 4 mg would prolong the duration of analgesia in a dose‐dependent manner. Eighty ASA physical status 1–2 patients scheduled for shoulder arthroscopy under general anaesthesia with ultrasound‐guided interscalene brachial plexus block were randomly allocated to receive saline (control), dexamethasone 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg and 4 mg, together with 20 ml ropivacaine 0.5%. Postoperative analgesia consisted of paracetamol, diclofenac and oxycodone on request, using a pre‐defined protocol. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia, defined as the time between the block procedure and the first analgesic request. Secondary outcomes included rest and dynamic pain scores, and analgesic consumption at 2 h, 24 h and 48 h postoperatively. An analysis of the dose–response relationship was performed using multiple comparison procedure‐modelling. The median (IQR [range]) duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in a dose‐dependent manner: control 685 (590–860 [453–1272]) min; 1 mg 835 (740–1110 [450–1375]) min; 2 mg 904 (710–1130 [525–1365]) min; 3 mg 965 (875–1025 [730–1390]) min; 4 mg 1023 (838–1239 [518–1500]) min (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the secondary outcomes. Perineural administration of dexamethasone with doses between 1 mg and 4 mg, combined with ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block, prolongs duration of analgesia in a dose‐dependent manner.
Attitudes of postnatal women and maternity staff towards audio recording of consent discussions
Authors: Ivermee C. , Yentis S. M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAudio recording consent discussions, and giving a copy of the recording to the patient to keep, might improve the consent process and reduce the risk of misunderstandings, complaints or medicolegal claims. However, there may be concerns over confidentiality and how being recorded could affect the consent discussion. We ascertained the views of 50 postnatal women and 100 maternity staff (25 anaesthetists, 25 obstetricians and 50 midwives) on making audio recordings of consent discussions. There was a wide range of opinions, with women and staff similarly supportive of audio recording overall, but the women were more supportive of recording than the staff when asked if they were against it, or whether they would support recording the discussion if the patient requested it; and less concerned than the staff regarding the potential disadvantages of audio recording. There were no significant differences in the views between anaesthetists, obstetricians and midwives.