bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar-powered thermo-pneumatic actuators for passively controlled adaptive shading
Authors: Louis Rafaela , Shea Kristina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The operational energy demand of buildings plays a significant role in global energy consumption. Especially, the energy required for cooling is predicted to rise due to climate change. Adaptive shading is a promising approach to save operational energy in buildings. State-of-the-art adaptive shading systems employ both active and passive actuation as well as control strategies, to lower energy consumption while maintaining the thermal and visual comfort of building occupants. However, both approaches still must overcome challenges that hinder widespread adoption. Active systems need motors and pumps, dedicated power supplies, and control electronics. These components make the systems heavy and complex to maintain and repair. Passive systems work without dedicated power supplies and control electronics but can face limitations based on the active materials used, e.g. material degradation, toxicity, narrow response windows, and unknown performance in varying conditions. This work presents a solar-powered, thermo-pneumatic actuator for use in adaptive shading applications that works without specialized active materials, electronic actuation and controls. The actuator incorporates elastic bellows to transform the thermal expansion of air into motion and adapts to changes in irradiance. The actuator is built as a functional prototype and its performance in different irradiance scenarios is evaluated. The actuator is capable of considerable motion, moving a rotational mechanism close to 90° powered by an irradiance of 1000 W m−2. The actuator response is sensitive enough to react to hourly changes in irradiance as well as to a simulated solar cycle. The paper concludes with the presentation of a shading device concept incorporating the actuator to highlight its potential for use in adaptive shading applications to reduce operational energy in buildings.
Direct moment estimation of intensity distribution of magnetic fields with quantum sensing network
Authors: Kasai Hiroto , Takeuchi Yuki , Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Tokura Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A quantum sensing network is used to simultaneously detect and measure physical quantities, such as magnetic fields, at different locations. However, there is a risk that the measurement data is leaked to the third party during the communication. Many theoretical and experimental efforts have been made to realize a secure quantum sensing network where a high level of security is guaranteed. In this paper, we propose a protocol to estimate statistical quantities of the target fields at different places without knowing individual value of the target fields. We generate an entanglement between L quantum sensors, let the quantum sensor interact with local fields, and perform specific measurements on them. By calculating the quantum Fisher information to estimate the individual value of the magnetic fields, we show that we cannot obtain any information of the value of the individual fields in the limit of large L. On the other hand, in our protocol, we can estimate theoretically any moment of the field distribution by measuring a specific observable and evaluated relative uncertainty of kth (

k
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

) order moment. Our results are a significant step towards using a quantum sensing network with security inbuilt.
Cementite with substitutional Nb atoms based on first-principles calculations
Authors: Zhang Junxiang , Gu Shangjun , Wang Jie , Wei Fulong , Xie Xiang , Yang Hui , You Jingtian , Li Changrong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cementite is the strengthening phase in pearlite, and its mechanical properties determine the strength of the pearlite. A crystal model of niobium-substituted Fe3C was constructed. The stability, charge density, and elastic constants of the model were calculated, and the effects of niobium (Nb) substitution on the properties of Fe3C were discussed. FeNb8d
2 C is the most stable Nb-substituted structure. The reaction energy of FeNb8d
2 C is −0.796 eV, with a magnetic moment of 0.07 μB/f.u. At the Fermi level, the DOS of FeNb8d
2 C is 4.24, displaying metallic properties. Nb substitution enhances the symmetry of the DOS in Fe3C. The covalent bonding in FeNb8d
2 C, predominantly consisting of σ and π bonds, is formed by the hybridization of Nb 3 d states and C 2p states. FeNb8d
2 C is mechanical stability. It exhibits the strongest resistance to linear compression along the [100] direction and the highest shear deformation resistance along the (010) plane. Nb substitution increases the toughness of Fe3C, enhances isotropy on the (010) plane, and improves the resistance to linear compression along the [010] direction.
Six-scroll chaos within the dynamics of the Thomas chaotic system and application to biomedical data encryption
Authors: Boya Bertrand Frederick Boui A , Nanfak Arnaud , Ngono Joseph Mvogo , Klimentyevna Babenko Lyudmila , Nkapkop Jean de Dieu , Effa Joseph Yves 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of non-monotonic nonlinearity within the dynamics of the Thomas model is studied. The system presents various six-scroll chaos over a wide range of parameter values through in-depth analysis using conventional nonlinear analysis tools. The new model also reveals multistability with an elegant configuration of up to nine periodic states. An electronic analog version of the model is designed and then simulated using PSPICE software to verify the physical implementation of the model. A novel biomedical image encryption scheme based on the six-scroll chaos system, Arnold transform and diffusion operation is proposed and its security is analyzed using statistical testing and key space analysis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in providing secure and efficient encryption of digital images.
Wideband compact 3-dB microstrip power divider for L- and S-band applications
Authors: Demir Kübra , İmeci Şehabeddin Taha , Tütüncü Bilal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the analysis, design, built and testing of a new compact 3 dB power divider operating across a wideband frequency range, with a 2.56 GHz center frequency. The proposed divider, consisting of three ports, is constructed using an FR4 substrate, with overall dimensions of 45 × 40 × 1 mm3. The frequencies with the best S21 and S31 results are recorded with a magnitude of −3.04 dB at 2.56 GHz. The simulated input match (S11) displays nearly −30 dB at 2.56 GHz, with a −10 dB bandwidth extending from 1 to 4 GHz, resulting in a total bandwidth of 3 GHz. Hence, the proposed power divider emerges as a strong candidate for applications in both the L- and S-bands. The measured data exhibit strong agreement with the simulation results. The originality of this study lies in achieving high performance within such compact dimensions at an affordable cost, thereby eliminating the complexity that can lead to manufacturing errors. Additionally, it is demonstrated through a comparative table that the proposed power divider exhibits superiority over similar ones found in the literature.
A novel chirp-based 2D hyperchaotic map for enhanced image encryption
Authors: Demirtaş Mehmet , Altunkaya Sabri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel image encryption algorithm based on a newly proposed two-dimensional hyperchaotic map derived from the chirp signal. Performance evaluations of the proposed map include bifurcation analysis, phase portrait visualization, sensitivity to initial conditions, Lyapunov exponent calculations, entropy measurements, and NIST tests. These evaluations confirm the map’s strong randomness and broad chaotic behavior. The proposed encryption algorithm utilizes the high sensitivity to initial conditions and wide chaotic range of the hyperchaotic map to enhance security. The algorithm achieves a high degree of confusion and diffusion through bit-level manipulation, chaotic permutation, and randomized row-column diffusion processes. As a result, it can effectively encrypt images of any size, whether color or grayscale. Comprehensive security evaluations, such as key analysis, histogram analysis, Shannon entropy analysis, correlation analysis, differential analysis, and robustness analysis, confirm the algorithm’s resilience against a wide range of cryptographic attacks. Thus, the proposed algorithm offers a promising solution for secure image transmission.
Reexamination of the realtime protection for user privacy in practical quantum private query
Authors: Wei Chun-Yan , Cai Xiao-Qiu , Wang Tian-Yin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum private query (QPQ) is the quantum version for symmetrically private information retrieval. However, the user privacy in QPQ is generally guarded in the delayed and cheat-sensitive way. That is, the dishonest database holder Bob’s cheating to elicit user privacy can only be discovered after the protocol is finished (when the user finds some errors in the retrieved database item). Such delayed detection may cause very unpleasant results for the user Alice in real-life applications. Without the realtime conscious of privacy leaking, Alice may make faulty decisions according to the received faulty item and suffer great loss. Worse yet, it is difficult for Alice to accuse a dishonest database to any one else though she can detect the cheating. Current efforts to protect user privacy in realtime in existing QPQ protocols mainly use two techniques, i.e. adding an honesty checking on the database or allowing the user to reorder the qubits. We reexamine these two kinds of QPQ protocols and find neither of them can work very well. We give concrete cheating strategies for both participants and show that honesty checking of inner participant should be dealt more carefully in for example the choosing of checking qubits. Finally, we give an idea to realize realtime detection of dishonest database in QPQ of blocks (i.e. multi-bit database items).
Theory of epigenetic switching due to stochastic histone mark loss during DNA replication
Authors: Movilla Miangolarra Ander , Howard Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
How much information does a cell inherit from its ancestors beyond its genetic sequence? What are the epigenetic mechanisms that allow this? Despite the rise in available epigenetic data, how such information is inherited through the cell cycle is still not fully understood. Often, epigenetic marks can display bistable behaviour and their bistable state is transmitted to daughter cells through the cell cycle, providing the cell with a form of memory. However, loss-of-memory events also take place, where a daughter cell switches epigenetic state (with respect to the mother cell). Here, we develop a framework to compute these epigenetic switching rates, for the case when they are driven by DNA replication, i.e. the frequency of loss-of-memory events due to replication. We consider the dynamics of histone modifications during the cell cycle deterministically, except at DNA replication, where nucleosomes are randomly distributed between the two daughter DNA strands, which is therefore implemented stochastically. This hybrid stochastic-deterministic approach enables an analytic derivation of the replication-driven switching rate. While retaining great simplicity, this framework can explain experimental switching rate data, establishing its biological importance as a framework to quantitatively study epigenetic inheritance.
Noncommutativity and its role in constant-roll inflation models with non-minimal coupling constrained by swampland conjectures
Authors: Gashti Saeed Noori , Alipour Mohammad Reza , Afshar Mohammad Ali S. , Sadeghi Jafar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, using Hamiltonian formalism, we obtain solutions for constant-roll inflation according to the noncommutativity and the non-minimal coupling field of the Lagrangian. We consider three different types of couplings: power-law, exponential, and logarithmic. Subsequently, by plotting some figures, we study the effects of these coupling in constant-roll inflation with noncommutative parameters. We identify and specify the permissible regions of each case of the swampland conjecture and determine the best model. We find that the exponential, logarithmic, and power-law couplings with

agree with the dS swampland conjecture. These couplings provide similar results in both cases, some of which are compatible and some incompatible with the dS swampland conjectures. Moreover,

is more compatible than

, and the consistency value in the second boundary condition is much higher than in the first. The order of better compatibility of couplings with the swampland conjecture is ranked as follows: exponential non-minimal coupling, logarithmic non-minimal coupling, and power-law non-minimal coupling. For each type of coupling, we calculate the values of the scalar spectral index

and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r for two different potentials and compare them with the observational data from Planck 2018. We also determine the range of the free parameters

of the further refining de Sitter swampland conjecture (FRDSSC) that make the model consistent with the conjecture. We find that the model satisfies the FRDSSC for all types of couplings and both potentials, with some constraints on the parameters.
Stability of sputtered iridium oxide neural microelectrodes under kilohertz frequency pulsed stimulation
Authors: Maeng Jimin , Frederick Rebecca A , Dousti Behnoush , Ansari Ifra I , Joshi-Imre Alexandra , Cogan Stuart F , Deku Felix 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Kilohertz (kHz) frequency stimulation has gained attention as a neuromodulation therapy in spinal cord and in peripheral nerve block applications, mainly for treating chronic pain. Yet, few studies have investigated the effects of high-frequency stimulation on the performance of the electrode materials. In this work, we assess the electrochemical characteristics and stability of sputtered iridium oxide film (SIROF) microelectrodes under kHz frequency pulsed electrical stimulation. Approach. SIROF microelectrodes were subjected to 1.5–10 kHz pulsing at charge densities of 250–1000 μC cm−2 (25–100 nC phase−1), under monopolar and bipolar configurations, in buffered saline solution. The electrochemical behavior as well as the long-term stability of the pulsed electrodes was evaluated by voltage transient, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Main results. Electrode polarization was more pronounced at higher stimulation frequencies in both monopolar and bipolar configurations. Bipolar stimulation resulted in an overall higher level of polarization than monopolar stimulation with the same parameters. In all tested pulsing conditions, except one, the maximum cathodal and anodal potential excursions stayed within the water window of iridium oxide (−0.6–0.8 V vs Ag|AgCl). Additionally, these SIROF microelectrodes showed little or no changes in the electrochemical performance under continuous current pulsing at frequencies up to 10 kHz for more than 109 pulses. Significance. Our results suggest that 10 000 μm2 SIROF microelectrodes can deliver high-frequency neural stimulation up to 10 kHz in buffered saline at charge densities between 250 and 1000 μC cm−2 (25–100 nC phase−1).
Exploring the integration of a global AI model with traditional data assimilation in weather forecasting
Authors: Xu Hongxiong , Duan Yihong , Xu Xiangde 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have profoundly transformed weather forecasting, challenging traditional reliance on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Despite notable progress, AI models still depend heavily on traditional NWP systems to generate analysis fields, a dependency that increases computational demands and might limit forecast accuracy. This study explored the integration of gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) with the Pangu-Weather AI forecasting model (GSI-Pangu), and assessed the potential for AI models to autonomously generate forecasts by leveraging mature data assimilation (DA) systems. Our experiments commenced by adopting ERA5 reanalysis data for the initial cycle, and then involved assimilation of simulated observations in subsequent cycles, spanning a month-long period. In our experiments, ERA5 reanalysis data were used exclusively to initialize the first forecast cycle, after which simulated observations were assimilated in subsequent cycles throughout the month-long period. Results demonstrated notable enhancements in forecast accuracy, with reductions in the root mean square error across various atmospheric variables compared with the results of a control experiment without DA. Additionally, the results highlighted GSI-Pangu’s ability to predict large-scale circulation patterns of extreme precipitation events, together with its effectiveness in driving regional models to accurately forecast precipitation intensity and distribution. Successful implementation of GSI within the Pangu-Weather framework underscores the transformative potential of hybrid forecasting systems, which merge conventional meteorological techniques with AI innovations, thereby facilitating accelerated adoption of AI in weather forecasting.
Soil properties regulating water constraint by dominating ecosystem water demand in water-limited ecosystems
Authors: Zhu Xinrong , Wang Liming , Wu Lu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The influence of soil properties on soil water uptake and usage by vegetation remains inadequately understood. Prior studies predominantly correlated soil properties with wilting points and field water capacity; however, our novel framework investigates how soil properties drive ecosystem-level constraints on vegetation growth through soil water. In this study, a new paradigm was introduced for understanding the relationship between vegetation growth and soil moisture, characterized by a critical soil moisture (CSM) threshold that delineates the transition of vegetation into a moisture-limited state. This threshold declines sufficiently with soil desiccation. Our results highlight the pivotal role of soil properties in modulating this CSM threshold to meet the water demands of vegetation growth at the ecosystem-level. Globally, the regulation by soil properties ranges on the CSM threshold ranges from −0.18 cm3 cm−3 to +0.16 cm3 cm−3. The positive effect of soil properties in lowering this threshold for vegetation water demand significantly mitigated water constraints, thereby enhancing the vegetation growth. Notably, sandy soil textures were found to positively affect the lowering of CSM threshold in water-limited ecosystems. Our study provides valuable insights into the intricate role of soil properties in shaping global vegetation growth and proposes a new conceptual framework for their incorporation into the earth system models.
Planar scanning probe microscopy enables vector magnetic field imaging at the nanoscale
Authors: Weinbrenner Paul , Quellmalz Patricia , Giese Christian , Flacke Luis , Müller Manuel , Althammer Matthias , Geprägs Stephan , Gross Rudolf , Reinhard Friedemann 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Planar scanning probe microscopy is a recently emerging alternative approach to tip-based scanning probe imaging. It can scan an extended planar sensor, such as a polished bulk diamond doped with magnetic-field-sensitive nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, in nanometer-scale proximity of a planar sample. So far, this technique has been limited to optical near-field microscopy and has required nanofabrication of the sample of interest. Here we extend this technique to magnetometry using NV centers and present a modification that removes the need for sample-side nanofabrication. We harness this new ability to perform a hitherto infeasible measurement - direct imaging of the three-dimensional vector magnetic field of magnetic vortices in a thin film magnetic heterostructure, based on repeated scanning with NV centers with different orientations within the same scanning probe. Our result opens the door to quantum sensing using multiple qubits within the same scanning probe, a prerequisite for the use of entanglement-enhanced and massively parallel schemes.
Driving superconducting qubits into chaos
Authors: Chávez-Carlos Jorge , Prado Reynoso Miguel A , Cortiñas Rodrigo G , García-Mata Ignacio , Batista Victor S , Pérez-Bernal Francisco , Wisniacki Diego A , Santos Lea F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Kerr parametric oscillators are potential building blocks for fault-tolerant quantum computers. They can stabilize Kerr-cat qubits, which offer advantages toward the encoding and manipulation of error-protected quantum information. The recent realization of Kerr-cat qubits made use of the nonlinearity of transmon superconducting circuits and a squeezing drive. Increasing nonlinearities can enable faster gate times, but, as shown here, can also induce chaos and melt the qubit away. We determine the region of validity of the Kerr-cat qubit and discuss how its disintegration could be experimentally detected. The danger zone for parametric quantum computation is also a potential playground for investigating quantum chaos with driven superconducting circuits.
Rural development drives temporal turnover in plant diversity in a China’s scenic area
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Weicheng , Yang Guofu , Wang Yue , Ji Xinxin , Zhang Xiaojian , Lu Yijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rural development has the potential to improve the well-being of villagers, but it may also impact local plant diversity. In addition, plant diversity differs across various subareas of rural development efforts in scenic areas, reflecting variations along the center-periphery gradient. To explore the relationship between economic development, plant diversity, and villagers’ well-being in villages within scenic areas during the rural development process, this study analyzed plant species data and satellite remote sensing images between 1984 and 2021, focusing on changes in land-use types in the Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area and their impacts on plant diversity in the central, middle, and peripheral scenic areas. The results indicated that the area of rural construction land decreased, compared to 1984, while other land use types showed varying degrees of increase. Specifically, part of the forest in the peripheral scenic area was transformed into tea fields, resulting in an observable increase in the overall area of tea field. Moreover, the number of plant species decreased along the center-periphery gradient of the scenic spot. The greatest differences in the number of plant species and increases in the number of invasive plants were found in the peripheral scenic area, reflecting the greater impact of rural development in this region. Additionally, the number of rare and endangered plant species increased the most in the central scenic area in recent years, which was related to the use of urban green space to protect such plants. Ellenberg’s ecological indicator values (EIVs) indicated an increase in the number of species preferring shady locations and acidic soils in the scenic areas. The changes in land use and production and business activity strategies in the villages of the West Lake Scenic Area improved the villagers’ well-being, and the resulting factors such as the introduction of non-indigenous plants and environmental filtering changed local plant diversity. Therefore, the administrators should carefully consider the trade-off between conserving biodiversity and enhancing the well-being of the local villagers. The findings offer evidence of how different economic development models over time can influence rural biodiversity and villagers’ well-being, providing a reference for sustainable development in scenic spot villages.