bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rearing pattern alters porcine myofiber type, fat deposition, associated microbial communities and functional capacity
Authors: Qi Keke , Men Xiaoming , Wu Jie , Xu Zi wei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The Chinese believe that the meat of pigs reared in the past with free range tastes better than that of the pigs reared indoor on a large scale today. Gastrointestinal microflora is closely associated with the main factor of meat flavour, including fibre characteristics and lipid metabolism. Our method in this study involved different raising patterns within the semi free-grazing farm (FF) or indoor feeding farm (DF), the measurement of fat deposition and myofiber type by paraffin section and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the identification of microbiome and functional capacities associated with meat quality through metagenomic sequencing.
Results: Results showed that the fat area in muscle and adipose tissue and the myofiber density significantly increased in the pigs of the FF group. The relative abundance of bacteria associated with lipid metabolism, such as g_Oscillibacter, in the feces of the FF group was higher than that in DF group, and the relative abundance of some bacteria with probiotic function, including g_Lactobacillus and g_Clostridium, was lower than that in DF group. The abundance of g__Clostridium was significantly positively correlated with the intramuscular fat area, whereas health-related bacteria, such as g__Butyricicoccus, g__Eubacterium, g__Phascolarctobacterium and g__Oribacterium, was significantly negatively correlated with abdominal fat area, myofiber density and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) mRNA expression. KEGG analysis showed that pigs raised in semi free-grazing farm can activate the pathway of inosine monophosphate (IMP) biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism.
Conclusions: Free range feeding improves meat quality by changing the fibre type, myofiber density and metabolic pathways related to flavour amino acids, IMP or glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in muscle. However, prolonged feeding cycle increases fat deposition and associated microbial communities.
Keywords: Rearing pattern, Myofiber type, Fat deposition, Gut micobiota
HCV-Infected Individuals have Higher Prevalence of Comorbidity and Multimorbidity: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cooper Curtis , Galanakis Chrissi , Donelle Jessy , Kwong Jeff , Boyd Rob , Boucher Lisa , Kendall Claire E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background:
Almost 1% of Canadians are hepatitis C (HCV)-infected. The liver-specific complications of HCV are established but the extra-hepatic comorbidity, multimorbidity, and its relationship with HCV treatment, is less well known. We describe the morbidity burden for people with HCV and the relationship between multimorbidity and HCV treatment uptake and cure in the pre- and post-direct acting antiviral (DAA) era.

Methods:
We linked adults with HCV at The Ottawa Hospital Viral Hepatitis Program as of April 1, 2017 to provincial health administrative data and matched on age and sex to 5 Ottawa-area residents for comparison. We used validated algorithms to identify the prevalence of mental and physical health comorbidities, as well as multimorbidity (2+ comorbidities). We calculated direct age- and sex-standardized rates of comorbidity and comparisons were made by interferon-based and interferon-free, DAA HCV treatments.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 54.5 years (SD 11.4), 65% were male. Among those with HCV, 4% were HIV co-infected, 26% had liver cirrhosis, 47% received DAA treatment, and 57% were cured of HCV. After accounting for age and sex differences, the HCV group had greater multimorbidity (prevalence ratio (PR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20 to 1.58) and physical-mental health multimorbidity (PR 2.71, 95% CI 2.29 – 3.20) compared to the general population. Specifically, prevalence ratios for people with HCV were significantly higher for diabetes, renal failure, cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, substance use disorder, mood and anxiety disorders and liver failure. HCV treatment and cure were not associated with multimorbidity, but treatment prevalence was significantly lower among middle-aged individuals with substance use disorders despite no differences in prevalence of cure among those treated.

Conclusion:
People with HCV have a higher prevalence of comorbidity and multimorbidity compared to the general population. While HCV treatment was not associated with multimorbidity, people with substance use disorder were less likely to be treated. Our results point to the need for integrated, comprehensive models of care delivery for people with HCV.
Analysis of nifH DNA and RNA reveals a disproportionate contribution to nitrogenase activities by rare plankton-associated diazotrophs
Authors: Yang Qingsong , Dong Junde , Ahmad Manzoor , Ling Juan , Zhou Weiguo , Tan Yehui , Zhang Yuanzhou , Shen Dandan , Zhang Yanying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Background: Holobionts comprising nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs and phytoplankton or zooplankton are ubiquitous in the pelagic sea. However, neither the community structure of plankton-associated diazotrophs (PADs) nor their nitrogenase transcriptional activity are well-understood. In this study, we used nifH gene Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR to characterize the community composition and nifH expression profile of PADs with > 100 µm size fraction in the euphotic zone of the northern South China Sea.

Results: The results of DNA- and RNA-derived nifH gene revealed a higher alpha-diversity in the active than in the total community. Moreover, the compositional resemblance among different sites was less for active than for total communities of PADs. We characterized the 20 most abundant OTUs by ranking the sum of sequence reads across 9 sampling stations for individual OTUs in both nifH DNA and RNA libraries, and then assessed their phylogenetic relatedness. Eight of the 20 abundant OTUs were phylogenetically affiliated with Trichodesmium and occurred in approximately equal proportion in both the DNA and RNA libraries. The analysis of nifH gene expression level showed uneven attribute of the abundance and nitrogenase activities by the remaining 12 OTUs. Taxa belonging to cluster III and Betaproteobacteria were present at moderate abundance but exhibited negligible nitrogenase transcription activity. Whereas, the abundances of Richelia, Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were low but the contribution of these groups to nitrogenase transcription was disproportionately high.

Conclusions: The substantial variation in community structure among active dizatrophic fractions compared to the total communities suggests that the former are better indicators of biological response to environmental changes. Altogether, our study highlights the importance of rare PADs groups in nitrogen fixation in plankton holobionts, evidenced by their high level of nitrogenase transcription.
Supporting elderly people with cognitive impairment during and after hospital stays with Intersectoral Care Management [intersec-CM]: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nikelski Angela , Keller Armin , Schumacher-Schönert Fanny , Dehl Terese , Laufer Jessica , Sauerbrey Ulf , Wucherer Diana , Dreier-Wolfgramm Adina , Michalowsky Bernhard , Zwingmann Ina , Vollmar Horst Christian , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Kreisel Stefan H. , Thyrian Jochen René 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Sectorization of health care systems causes inefficient treatment, especially for elderly people with cognitive impairments. The transition from hospital care to primary care is insufficiently coordinated, and communication between health care providers is often lacking. Consequences include a further deterioration of health, higher rates of hospital readmission, and institutionalization. Models of collaborative care have shown their efficacy in primary care by improving patient-related outcomes. The main goal of this trial is to test the effectiveness of a collaborative care model for people with cognitive impairment (PCI) and current hospital treatment due to a somatic illness to improve the continuity of treatment and care across the transition between the in-hospital and adjoining primary care sectors.

Methods
The trial is a longitudinal multisite randomized controlled trial with two arms (“care as usual” and “intersectoral care management”). Inclusion criteria at the time of hospital admission due to a somatic illness: age 70+, cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE ≤ 26), live at home, provide written informed consent. Each participant will have a baseline assessment at the hospital and two follow-up assessments at home (three and twelve months after discharge). The estimated sample size is n=398 participants together with (where available) their respective informal caregivers.
In the intersectoral care management group, specialized care managers will develop, implement and monitor individualized treatment and care based on comprehensive assessments of the patients and informal caregivers for unmet needs at the hospital and in their homes. Primary outcomes are (1) activities of daily living, (2) readmission to the hospital, and (3) institutionalization. Secondary outcomes include (a) frailty, (b) delirium, (c) quality of life, (d) cognitive status, (e) behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, (f) utilization of services, and (g) informal caregiver burden.

Discussion
In the event of proving efficacy, this trial delivers proof of concept for implementation into routine care. Cost-effectiveness analyses as well as an independent process evaluation increase the likelihood of meeting this goal. The trial allows in-depth analysis of mediating and moderating effects for different health outcomes at the interface between hospital care and primary care. Highlighting treatment and care, the study will provide insights into unmet needs at the time of hospital admission, the opportunities and barriers to meeting those needs during the hospital stay and after discharge.
Effectiveness of preventive dental programs offered to mothers by non-dental professionals to control Early Childhood Dental Caries: A review
Authors: George Ajesh , Sousa Mariana S , Kong Ariana C , Blinkhorn Anthony , Norrie Tiffany Patterson , Foster Jann , Dahlen Hannah , Ajwani Shilpi , Johnson Maree 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Early childhood caries is a common chronic childhood disease and maternal oral health is a risk factor. Improving the oral health behaviours of pregnant women/young mothers can positively influence the oral health of children and reduce their caries risk. Such preventative strategies have been undertaken by non-dental professionals producing mixed results encompassing various interventions across the perinatal period. However, no comprehensive review of these studies has been undertaken. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of maternal oral health programs undertaken during the antenatal and/or postnatal period by non-dental health professionals to reduce early childhood caries.
Methods: A systematic search of five databases was undertaken using key search terms. Studies were included if they (a) involved quantitative study designs with a control; (b) were published in English; (c) reported on interventions delivered by non-dental professionals (d) delivered the intervention to expectant mothers or mothers with young infants up to 24 months; (e) measured outcomes when the child was under 5 years; (f) measured changes in oral health outcomes of children clinically and oral health behaviours of mothers or children. No restrictions were placed on the study quality and setting.
Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and involved interventions delivered by diverse non-dental professionals across the antenatal (n=1), postnatal (n=6) and perinatal period (n=2). Most studies were of low methodological quality (n=6). The interventions focussed on oral health education (n=8), dental referrals (n=3) and oral health assessments (n=1). Interventions conducted in either the postnatal or antenatal periods showed meaningful improvements in children’s clinical and mother’s behavioural oral health outcomes. The outcomes appear to be sustained when a suite of interventions were used along with referral reminders. There were mixed results from interventions across the perinatal period.
Conclusions: Non-dental professionals can promote maternal oral health by providing oral health education, risk assessment and referrals. Combining these interventions could provide a sustained improvement in oral health outcomes for children although current evidence is weak. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine whether the antenatal and/or postnatal period is best suited to deliver these interventions.
Finite element method analysis of occlusal splint therapy in patients with bruxism
Authors: Gholampour Seifollah , Gholampour Hanie , Khanmohammadi Hamed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background:
In general, habits such as bruxism are contributory factors for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and its etiology is still controversial.
Methods: Three-dimensional models of maxilla and mandible and teeth of 37 patients and 36 control subject were made using in-vivo image data. The maximum values of stress and deformation were calculated in 21 patients six months after using a splint and compared with the initial conditions.
Results: The maximum stresses in the jaw bone and head of mandible in patients were 4.4 and 4.1 times higher than those in control subjects, respectively. Similar values for deformation were 5.8 and 4.9, respectively. Six months after splint application, the maximum stress in the jaw bone and head of mandible decreased by up to 71.0% and 72.8%, respectively. Similar values for the maximum deformation were 80.7% and 78.7%, respectively. With occlusal splint therapy, the approximation of the maximum deformation to the relevant values in control subjects was about 2.6 times the approximation of maximum stress to the relevant values in control subjects. The maximum stress and maximum deformation occurred in all cases in the head of the mandible and the splint had the highest effectiveness in jaw bone adjacent to the molar teeth.
Conclusions: Splint acts as a stress relaxer and dissipates the extra generated stresses and especially the deformation and deviations of TMJ due to bruxism. The splint also makes the bilateral and simultaneous loading possible and helps with the treatment of this disorder through regulation of bruxism by creating a biomechanical equilibrium between the physiological loading and the generated stress.
aeBlue Chromoprotein Color is Temperature Dependent
Authors: Tamayo-Nuñez Jessica , de la Mora Javier , Padilla-Vaca Felipe , Vargas-Maya Naurú Idalia , Rangel-Serrano Ángeles , Anaya-Velázquez Fernando , Páramo-Pérez Itzel , Reyes-Martínez Juana Elizabeth , España-Sánchez Beatríz Liliana , Franco Bernardo 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Marine sessile organisms display a color palette that is the result of the
expression of fluorescent and non-fluorescent proteins. Fluorescent proteins have uncovered
transcriptional regulation, subcellular localization of proteins, and the fate of cells during
development. Chromoproteins have received less attention until recent years as bioreporters. Here,
we studied the properties of aeBlue, a a 25.91 kDa protein from the anemone Actinia equina.

Objective:
To assess the properties of aeBlue chromoprotein under different physicochemical
conditions.

Method:
In this article, during the purification of aeBlue we uncovered that it suffered a color shift
when frozen. We studied the color shift by different temperature incubation and physicochemical
conditions and light spectroscopy. To assess the possible structural changes in the protein, circular
dichroism analysis, size exclusion chromatography and native PAGE was performed.

Results:
We uncover that aeBlue chromoprotein, when expressed from a synthetic construct in
Escherichia coli, showed a temperature dependent color shift. Protein purified at 4 °C by metal
affinity chromatography exhibited a pinkish color and shifts back at higher temperatures to its
intense blue color. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that the structure in the pink form of the
protein has reduced secondary structure at 4 °C, but at 35 °C and higher, the structure shifts to a
native conformation and Far UV- vis CD spectra revealed the shift in an aromatic residue of the
chromophore. Also, the chromophore retains its properties in a wide range of conditions (pH,
denaturants, reducing and oxidants agents). Quaternary structure is also maintained as a tetrameric
conformation as shown by native gel and size exclusion chromatography.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the chromophore position in aeBlue is shifted from its native
position rendering the pink color and the process to return it to its native blue conformation is
temperature dependent.
Differential Effects of TPM, A Phosphorylated Tocopherol Mixture, and Other Tocopherol Derivatives as Excipients for Enhancing the Solubilization of Co-Enzyme Q10 as a Lipophilic Drug During Digestion of Lipid- Based Formulations
Authors: Pham Anna , Gavin Paul D. , Libinaki Roksan , Ramirez Gisela , Khan Jamal T. , Boyd Ben J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The tocopherol-based excipient, TPM, when incorporated into a medium-chain
triglyceride (MCT)-based lipid formulation, has been previously shown to improve the solubilization of
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) during in vitro digestion which is strongly correlated with enhanced exposure
in vivo.

Methods:
The current study aimed to gain further understanding of the MCT + TPM co-formulation, by
assessing the formulation performance under fasted and fed in vitro digestion conditions, with different
drug and excipient loading levels. Natural and synthetic-derived TPM were equivalent, and with d-α-
tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) outperformed other derivatives in enhancing the
solubilisation of CoQ10 during digestion.

Results:
Fed conditions significantly improved the solubility of CoQ10 during in vitro digestion of the
formulation in comparison with fasted conditions. The addition of TPM at 10% (w/w) of the total MCT
+ TPM provided optimal performance in terms of CoQ10 solubilization during digestion.

Conclusion:
The results further highlights the potential of TPM as an additive in lipid formulations to
improve the solubilization and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds.
Probable Novel PSEN1 Gln222Leu Mutation in a Chinese Family with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Huayuan , Sun Ruihua , Shi Yingying , Xia Mingrong , Zhao Jing , Yang Miaomiao , Ma Limin , Sun Yajing , Li Gai , Zhang Haohan , Qin Weiwei , Zhang Jiewen 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The rate of occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease is increasing around the world.
However, there is still no significant breakthrough in the study of its etiology and pathogenesis.

Objective:
To screen Alzheimer's disease pathogenic genes, which may be conducive to the elucidation
of the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease And predict the pathogenicity by various computer
software.

Method:
Clinical and neuroimaging examination, Whole Exome Sequencing, and Sanger sequencing
were performed in the proband. Mutation sites were verified in 158 subjects.

Results:
We reported a proband carrying a probably novel pathogenic mutation, which clinically manifests
as progressive memory loss, visual-spatial disorders, apraxia, psychobehavioral disorders, and
temperamental and personality changes. Whole Exome Sequencing detected a novel missense mutation
at codon 222 (Q222L), which is a heterozygous A to T point mutation at position 665 (c.665A>T) in
exon 5 of the presenilin 1 leading to a glutamine-to-leucine substitution. The mutation was also identified
by Sanger sequencing in one family member; nevertheless, it was not detected in the other 7 unaffected
family members, 50 sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients and 100 control subjects.

Conclusion:
A novel mutation in exon 5 of the presenilin 1 gene (Gln222Leu) in a Chinese family with
early-onset Alzheimer’s disease has been reported, besides， it was predicted that the missense mutation
was probably a novel pathogenic mutation that was reported for the first time in a Chinese family with
early-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Design, Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity and Docking Study of 7-Chloro-4- (2-(substituted benzylidene)hydrazineyl)quinolines
Authors: Kalita Jahnabi , Chetia Dipak , Rudrapal Mithun 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Malaria is a growing infectious disease burden due to the increasing
emergence of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Because of the limited therapeutic efficacy
of available antimalarial drugs, the development of potent antimalarial drug agents is therefore
an urgent requirement to fight against resistant malaria.

Objective:
The objective of this work was to develop novel quinoline-baed antimalarial agents that
would be active against resistant P. falciparum malaria.

Methods:
Some 7-chloro-4-(2-(substituted benzylidene)hydrazineyl)quinolines were synthesized
for the evaluation of their potential as possible antimalarial agents, particularly against resistant
malaria. The antimalarial activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro against bloodstage
parasites of P. falciparum. Further, molecular docking and drug-likeness including ADMET
(Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination and Toxicity) studies were also carried out using
in silico tools.

Results:
Results reveal the in vitro antimalarial activity of synthesized 7-chloro-4-(2-(substituted
benzylidene)hydrazineyl)quinolines against P. falciparum. The docking study investigates the antimalarial
effectiveness of synthesized quinolines as novel plasmepsin 2 inhibitors. Drug-likeness
prediction exhibits acceptable drug-likeness and ADMET properties.

Conclusion:
Based upon our findings, it is concluded that the molecular scaffold of 7-chloro-4-(2-
(substituted benzylidene)hydrazineyl)quinolines may be used as a lead structure for further modifications
in the search of more potent antimalarial drug molecules.
Molecular Modeling Studies of Anti-Alzheimer Agents by QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Techniques
Authors: Abdizadeh Rahman , Hadizadeh Farzin , Abdizadeh Tooba 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a serine hydrolase, is an important drug
target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, novel AChE inhibitors were designed
and developed as potential drug candidates, for significant therapy of AD.

Objective:
In this work, molecular modeling studies, including CoMFA, CoMFA-RF, CoMSIA,
HQSAR and molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed on a series
of AChE inhibitors to get more potent anti-Alzheimer drugs.

Methods:
2D/3D-QSAR models including CoMFA, CoMFA-RF, CoMSIA, and HQSAR methods
were carried out on 40 pyrimidinylthiourea derivatives as data set by the Sybylx1.2 program. Molecular
docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the MOE software and
the Sybyl program, respectively. Partial least squares (PLS) model as descriptors was used for
QSAR model generation.

Results:
The CoMFA (q2, 0.629; r2ncv, 0.901; r2pred, 0.773), CoMFA-RF (q2, 0.775; r2ncv, 0.910; r2pred, 0.824), CoMSIA (q2, 0.754; r2ncv, 0.919; r2pred, 0.874) and HQSAR models (q2, 0.823; r2ncv, 0.976; r2pred, 0.854) for training and test set yielded significant statistical results.

Conclusion:
These QSAR models were excellent, robust and had good predictive capability. Contour
maps obtained from the QSAR models were validated by molecular dynamics simulationassisted
molecular docking study. The resulted QSAR models could be useful for the rational design
of novel potent AChE inhibitors in Alzheimer's treatment.