bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative risk factors for post‐thyroidectomy hematoma: Significance of pain and ketorolac usage
Authors: Lee Minhyung , Rhee Jihye , Kim Yoonjoong , Jung Young Ho , Ahn Soon‐Hyun , Jeong Woo‐Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPost‐thyroidectomy hematoma (PH) is uncommon but may be a life‐threatening complication. We explored perioperative risk factors for PH, with emphasis on perioperative hemodynamics, pain, and medications.MethodsA retrospective case‐control study was performed with matching for age, sex, and type of operation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors.ResultsIn 1780 thyroid surgeries, 22 cases of PH were detected (1.24%). Antithrombotic agent usage, numeric rating scale (NRS) of postoperative pain, and two or more doses of ketorolac postoperatively significantly differed between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed all three variables were significant risk factors for PH (odds ratio = 55.23, 10.48, and 22.58, respectively). Perioperative hemodynamics did not affect PH.ConclusionsAntithrombotic agent usage, postoperative pain, and two or more doses of ketorolac postoperatively were identified as independent risk factors for PH. Proper pain control and judicious usage of ketorolac are recommended.
Treatment Status of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Does Not Influence Rates of Sustained Virologic Response: An HCV‐TARGET Analysis
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kavita , Di Bisceglie Adrian M. , Reddy K. Rajender , Lim Joseph K. , Levitsky Josh , Hassan Mohamed A. , Darling Jama M. , Feld Jordan J. , Akushevich Lucy , Vainorius Monika , Nelson David R. , Fried Michael W. , Brown Robert S. , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: August 2019

Recent studies have suggested a negative impact of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on sustained virologic response (SVR) to hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct acting antivirals (DAAs). We compared the effectiveness of DAAs in patients with cirrhosis, with and without HCC, and in those with HCC partially treated or untreated (PT/UT‐HCC) versus completely treated (CT‐HCC). HCC status was based on imaging 6 months before or 2 months after start of DAA therapy. Absence and presence of enhancing lesions after HCC treatment defined CT‐HCC and PT/UT‐HCC, respectively. Using minimally adjusted logistic regression, the association between the presence of HCC and SVR rates was estimated. Among the 1,457 patients with cirrhosis from HCV‐TARGET with complete virologic data (per‐protocol population) who did not undergo liver transplantation during treatment and followup, 1,300 were without HCC, 91 with CT‐HCC, and 66 with PT/UT‐HCC. Most patients were genotype 1 (81%) and treatment‐experienced (56%), 41% had history of prior decompensation, and the median pretreatment Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease was 9 (range 6‐39). The SVR rates were 91% for patients without HCC, 84% for CT‐HCC, and 80% for PT/UT‐HCC. The presence of HCC (versus not having HCC) was associated with significantly lower odds of achieving SVR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33‐0.81; P = 0.003). However, among those with HCC, HCC treatment status (PT/UT‐HCC versus CT‐HCC) did not show association with SVR (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.35‐1.79, P = 0.569). Conclusions: The presence of HCC reduces the likelihood of SVR by 50%, but with no evident difference in those with completely treated HCC versus partially treated/untreated HCC.
Effect of Prandtl number on leading edge accretion and ablation: A numerical study of unsteady boundary layer flow over a flat plate
Authors: Basha Hussain , Kumar N. Naresh , Reddy G. Janardhana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn efficient numerical method, namely, the Runge‐Kutta fourth order integration scheme with shooting technique is employed to give a suitable solution for the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of viscous incompressible fluid with accretion or ablation effects over a flat plate under the influence of homogenous first order chemical reaction. When compared to the other numerical techniques such as perturbation methods, this approach provides the accurate numerical results valid uniformly for all nondimensional time. The unsteady behavior of chemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow is investigated by analyzing the nature of buoyancy and magnetic parameters in the momentum equation. Also, results are extended to the energy and concentration equations by considering the viscous dissipation, Joule heating and chemical reaction effects. With the help of suitable similarity transformations, the highly nonlinear, coupled, time‐dependent partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, the numerical solutions in terms of velocity, temperature and concentration profiles within the boundary layer are presented for the various values of control parameters. Also, the impact of physical parameters on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are examined thoroughly. The present investigation reports that, the increasing magnetic parameter increases the temperature field and decreases the velocity field. Also, Eckert number enhance the thermal field whereas, the chemical reaction parameter decays the concentration field. Before concluding the considered problem, present results are validated with the previous results and are found to be in good agreement.
A finite element model for simulating surface run‐off and unsaturated seepage flow in the shallow subsurface
Authors: Liu Gang , Tong Fuguo , Tian Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis work introduces water–air two‐phase flow into integrated surface–subsurface flow by simulating rainfall infiltration and run‐off production on a soil slope with the finite element method. The numerical model is formulated by partial differential equations for hydrostatic shallow flow and water–air two‐phase flow in the shallow subsurface. Finite element computing formats and solution strategies are presented to obtain a numerical solution for the coupled model. An unsaturated seepage flow process is first simulated by water–air two‐phase flow under the atmospheric pressure boundary condition to obtain the rainfall infiltration rate. Then, the rainfall infiltration rate is used as an input parameter to solve the surface run‐off equations and determine the value of the surface run‐off depth. In the next iteration, the pressure boundary condition of unsaturated seepage flow is adjusted by the surface run‐off depth. The coupling process is achieved by updating the rainfall infiltration rate and surface run‐off depth sequentially until the convergence criteria are reached in a time step. A well‐conducted surface run‐off experiment and traditional surface–subsurface model are used to validate the new model. Comparisons with the traditional surface–subsurface model show that the initiation time of surface run‐off calculated by the proposed model is earlier and that the water depth is larger, thus providing values that are closer to the experimental results.
The European Union preventive restructuring framework: A hole in one?
Authors: Ehmke David Christoph , Gant Jennifer L.L. , Boon Gert‐Jan , Langkjaer Line , Ghio Emilie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile traditionally (Continental) Europe has not been known for an in particular debtor‐ or restructuring‐friendly insolvency practice, in recent decades, important reforms were implemented that would foster restructurings in Europe. In this article, we comparatively look a the status quo of insolvency and restructuring practice in five different European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, UK). We place our observations into the context of the preventive restructuring directive, to be implemented within the next two years after its publication on 26 June 2019. The directive leaves quite some room implementation, from a watered‐down restructuring tool with high access threshold to a pre‐insolvency debtor‐friendly US‐style restructuring procedure.
Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles
Authors: Bratberg Jeffrey P. , Smothers Zachary P. W. , Collins Kathryn , Erstad Brian , Ruiz Veve Jennifer , Muzyk Andrew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNearly 2.5 million Americans have an opioid use disorder (OUD) related to prescription and/or illicit opioids. Pharmacists, as one of the most accessible care providers, are essential in mitigating the mortality and morbidity of the opioid overdose crisis. Pharmacists are involved in numerous care activities related to this crisis and to caring for patients with an OUD.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper was to conduct a literature review to highlight several pharmacist‐driven practices that provide a broad range of prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and recovery services to patients affected or potentially affected by the opioid crisis.MethodsArticles had to meet the criteria of describing pharmacist‐led practice related to providing care to patients at risk of an opioid overdose, with an OUD, or related to opioid safety. The literature search was conducted in 2018 and utilized numerous sources including: OneSearch (EBSCOhost), PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association Opioid Topic Collection.ResultsSeven articles were chosen for inclusion in this review. These studies report on innovative programs and practices that describe the role of pharmacists in the opioid crisis. Studies demonstrate the types of involvement pharmacists have in caring for patients throughout the care continuum: actively engaged in upstream interventions aimed at preventing misuse and improve safety; screening and monitoring opioid prescribing and usage; providing access to naloxone; and, assisting in the recovery and rehabilitation process of patients with OUD, including collaboratively managing OUD with evidence‐based pharmacotherapy.ConclusionThe studies included in our narrative review demonstrate how innovative programs and practices can expand the role of pharmacists throughout the entire spectrum of interventions applied to the opioid crisis by capitalizing on their existing skill sets and knowledge.
Neuro‐ and hepatic toxicological profile of (S)‐2,4‐diaminobutanoic acid in embryonic, adolescent and adult zebrafish
Authors: Ferraiuolo Rosa‐Maria , Meister Daniel , Leckie Dominique , Dashti Mohadeseh , Franke Jonathan , Porter Lisa A. , Trant John F. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract(S)‐2,4‐Diaminobutanoic acid (DABA) is a noncanonical amino acid often co‐produced by cyanobacteria along with β‐N‐methylamino‐l‐alanine (BMAA) in algal blooms. Although BMAA is a well‐established neurotoxin, the toxicity of DABA remains unclear. As part of our development of biocompatible materials, we wish to make use of DABA as both a building block and as the end‐product of enzymatically induced depolymerization; however, if it is toxic at very low concentrations, this would not be possible. We examined the toxicity of DABA using both in vivo embryonic and adult zebrafish models. At higher sublethal concentrations (700 μm), the fish demonstrated early signs of cardiotoxicity. Adolescent zebrafish were able to tolerate a higher concentration. Post‐mortem histological analysis of juvenile zebrafish showed no liver or brain abnormalities associated with hepato‐ or neurotoxicity. Combined, these results show that DABA exhibits no overt toxicity at concentrations (100‐300 μm) within an order of magnitude of those envisioned for its application. This study further highlights the low cost and ease of using zebrafish as an early‐stage toxicological screening tool.
Free radicals, antioxidants, nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor‐2 and liver damage
Authors: Ramos‐Tovar Erika , Muriel Pablo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxidative/nitrosative stress is proposed to be a critical factor in various diseases, including liver pathologies. Antioxidants derived from medicinal plants have been studied extensively and are relevant to many illnesses, including liver diseases. Several hepatic disorders, such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, involve free radicals/oxidative stress as agents that cause or at least exacerbate liver injury, which can result in chronic liver diseases, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and end‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma. In this scenario, nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) appears to be an essential factor to counteract or attenuate oxidative or nitrosative stress in hepatic cells. In fact, a growing body of evidence indicates that Nrf2 plays complex and multicellular roles in hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, hepatocarcinogenesis and regeneration via the induction of its target genes. Inflammation is the most common feature of chronic liver diseases, triggering fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing evidence indicates that Nrf2 counteracts the proinflammatory process by modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells and inducing the endogenous antioxidant response of the cell. In this review, the interactions between antioxidant and inflammatory molecular pathways are analyzed.
Retracted: Ultrasound‐triggered breast tumor sonodynamic therapy through hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether‐loaded liposome
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ou Yulong , Guo Jia , Huang Xiaojia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) which employs ultrasound‐triggered sonosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proved to be effective for treatment of cancers. However, it is still desirable for sonosensitizers to be delivered to tumors as effectively as possible. In this study, we prepared the hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)‐loaded liposome as the sonosensitizers for SDT and evaluated their effects on human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Liposomes prepared by thin film hydration technique were about 100 nm in size with positive zeta potential and exhibited spherical in shape. Following irradiation of ultrasound which generates intracellular ROS, the liposome facilitated the delivery of HMME to tumor cells. HMME‐loaded liposomes showed low cytotoxicity under basal condition but significant sonodynamic effects under ultrasonic irradiation. Notably, HMME‐loaded liposomes exhibited spatial distribution of HMME in tumor tissues of mice. The promoted delivery of HMME into the tumors by liposomes was shown by the greater tumor growth inhibition than free HMME after 20‐day treatment. Taken together, these results show that HMME‐loaded liposome functions as a promising sonosensitizer for SDT, implying the efficient antitumor effects of HMME‐based SDT on breast tumor.
Neighborhood predictors of bullying perpetration and victimization trajectories among South Korean adolescents
Authors: Han Yoonsun , Donnelly Hayoung Kim , Ma Julie , Song Juyoung , Hong Hyunhee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsThis study examined latent trajectories of bullying perpetration and victimization, and identified neighborhood antecedents of these trajectories among South Korean adolescents.MethodsNationally representative individual‐level data from waves 2 to 6 (middle school to high school) of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey were merged with neighborhood‐level data drawn from the Korean Census and the Korean Ministry of Education. Latent class growth analysis (N = 2,178) and logistic regression were conducted (N = 2,021).ResultsThree unique trajectories of bullying experience—low‐risk (80.8%), transient (13.3%), high‐risk (5.9%)—were identified. Neighborhood factors (e.g., public assistance receipt, marital status, official bullying incidents, collective efficacy) predicted these distinct developmental paths.ConclusionJoint trajectories of perpetration and victimization can inform service or policy decisions as each developmental path may represent unique experiences for youth in need of specific resources for treatment or intervention. Neighborhood indicators are important predictors of developmental trajectories of bullying experience among adolescents.
Generation of hematopoietic cells from mouse pluripotent stem cells in a 3D culture system of self‐assembling peptide hydrogel
Authors: Shan Wei , Wang Binsheng , Xu Yulin , Li Xia , Li Xue , Wang Huafang , Lin Yu , Tie Ruxiu , Zhao Qianhao , Wang Jinyong , Zheng Weiyan , Hu Yongxian , Shi Jimin , Yu Xiaohong , Huang He 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn vitro generation of hematopoietic stem cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be regarded as novel therapeutic approaches for replacing bone marrow transplantation without immune rejection or graft versus host disease. To date, many different approaches have been evaluated in terms of directing PSCs toward different hematopoietic cell types, yet, low efficiency and no function restrict the further hematopoietic differentiation study, our research aims to develop a three dimension (3D) hematopoietic differentiation approach that serves as recapitulation of embryonic development in vitro to a degree of complexity not achievable in a two dimension culture system. We first found that mouse PSCs could be efficiently induced to hematopoietic differentiation with an expression of hematopoietic makers, such as c‐kit, CD41, and CD45 within self‐assembling peptide hydrogel. Colony‐forming cells assay results suggested mouse PSCs (mPSCs) could be differentiated into multipotential progenitor cells and 3D induction system derived hematopoietic colonies owned potential of differentiating into lymphocyte cells. In addition, in vivo animal transplantation experiment showed that mPSCs (CD45.2) could be embedded into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice (CD45.1) with about 3% engraftment efficiency after 3 weeks transplantation. This study demonstrated that we developed the 3D induction approach that could efficiently promote the hematopoietic differentiation of mPSCs in vitro and obtained the multipotential progenitors that possessed the short‐term engraftment potential.
Sarcopenia and ovarian cancer survival: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ubachs Jorne , Ziemons Janine , Minis‐Rutten Iris J.G. , Kruitwagen Roy F.P.M. , Kleijnen Jos , Lambrechts Sandrina , Olde Damink Steven W.M. , Rensen Sander S. , Van Gorp Toon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs with advancing age and certain diseases. It is thought to have a negative impact on survival in cancer patients. Routine computed tomography imaging is often used to quantify skeletal muscle in cancer patients. Sarcopenia is defined by a low skeletal muscle index (SMI). Skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA) is used to define muscle quality. The primary aim of this meta‐analysis was to study the association between sarcopenia or SMRA and overall survival (OS) or complications in patients with ovarian cancer.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched from inception to 15 February 2019. Studies evaluating the prognostic effect of SMI and SMRA on ovarian cancer survival or surgical complications were included. Risk of bias and study quality were evaluated with the Quality in Prognosis Studies Instrument (QUIPS) according to the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 4262 hits in all four databases combined. Ten and eight studies were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. Meta‐analysis revealed a significant association between the SMI and OS [0.007; hazard ratio (HR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.20]. SMRA was also significantly associated with OS (P < 0.001; HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.20). Association between the SMI and surgical complications had borderline statistical significance (0.05; HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.52). The risk of bias assessed with QUIPS was high in all studies. The quality of the evidence was very low.ConclusionsWhereas our meta‐analysis indicated that a low SMI and low SMRA are associated with survival in ovarian cancer patients, the low quality of the source data precludes drawing definitive conclusions.
Association of periodontitis with radiographic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Chung Min Kyung , Lee Jennifer , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Kim Wan‐Uk , Park Sung‐Hwan , Ju Ji Hyeon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo examine whether periodontitis is associated with the presence and severity of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsUsing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2013, participants over the age of 50 were included in this study. Dental examinations and knee radiographs are performed in participants aged ≥50 years in this cohort. Periodontitis was defined using the community periodontal index, which was determined by measuring periodontal probing depth. The definition of radiographic knee OA was based on the Kellgren‐Lawrence (K‐L) grading system, which determined a K‐L class ≥2 to be radiographic knee OA. The associations between periodontitis and presence and severity of radiographic knee OA were examined using logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong 7969 total participants, 965 men and 2078 women had radiographic knee OA. Periodontitis was observed in 1,185 (39.4%) people among those who had radiographic knee OA. Periodontitis (adjusted odds radio [aOR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.40) was associated with radiographic knee OA after adjusting for variables including age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status, diabetes, and dental status. Participants were more likely to have radiographic knee OA as the severity of periodontitis increased (non‐severe periodontitis, aOR 1.14 [0.98 to 1.32]; severe periodontitis, aOR 1.47 [1.17 to 1.85]). Moreover, the presence of periodontitis significantly increased with an increasing K‐L class (class 1, aOR 1.30 [1.09 to 1.54]; class 2, aOR 1.32 [1.08 to 1.60]; class 3, aOR 1.39 [1.14 to 1.70]; class 4, aOR 1.45 [1.11 to 1.90]).ConclusionPeriodontitis is associated with the presence and severity of radiographic knee OA.