bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of pathology and pharmacology of diabetic encephalopathy with KK‐Ay mouse model
Authors: Shi Si , Yin Hua‐Jing , Li Jiang , Wang Ling , Wang Wei‐Ping , Wang Xiao‐Liang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsPathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is not completely understood until now. The purposes of this study were to illustrate the changes in morphology, function, and important transporters in neurons and glia during DE, as well as to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of medicines and the diet control on DE.MethodsSpontaneous obese KK‐Ay mice were used to investigate diabetes‐induced cognitive disorder, the morphology, function, and protein expression changes in impact animal and the cell level studies. The new drug candidate PHPB, donepezil, and low‐fat food were used to observe the therapeutic effects.ResultsKK‐Ay mice at 5 months of age showed typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM） and appeared significant cognitive deficits. Morphological study showed microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression was increased in hippocampal neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression decreased in astrocytes. Meanwhile, the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGLUT1) expression was increased and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) decreased, and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was also reduced in KK‐Ay mice. Microglia were activated, and IL‐1β and TNF‐α were increased obviously in the brains of the KK‐Ay mice. Most of the above changes in the KK‐Ay mice at 5 months of age could be relieved by diet intervention (DR) or by treatment of donepezil or new drug candidate PHPB.ConclusionKK‐Ay mouse is a useful animal model for studying DE. The alterations of morphology, structure, and function of astrocyte and microglia in KK‐Ay mice might be rescued by DR and by treatment of medicine. The proteins we reported in this study could be used as biomarkers and the potential drug targets for DE study and treatment.
Staying Together: A Bidirectional Delay–Coupled Approach to Joint Action
Authors: Demos Alexander P. , Layeghi Hamed , Wanderley Marcelo M. , Palmer Caroline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo understand how individuals adapt to and anticipate each other in joint tasks, we employ a bidirectional delay–coupled dynamical system that allows for mutual adaptation and anticipation. In delay–coupled systems, anticipation is achieved when one system compares its own time‐delayed behavior, which implicitly includes past information about the other system’s behavior, with the other system’s instantaneous behavior. Applied to joint music performance, the model allows each system to adapt its behavior to the dynamics of the other. Model predictions of asynchrony between two simultaneously produced musical voices were compared with duet pianists’ behavior; each partner performed one voice while auditory feedback perturbations occurred at unpredictable times during live performance. As the model predicted, when auditory feedback from one musical voice was removed, the asynchrony changed: The pianist’s voice that was removed anticipated (preceded) the actions of their partner. When the auditory feedback returned and both musicians could hear each other, they rapidly returned to baseline levels of asynchrony. To understand how the pianists anticipated each other, their performances were fitted by the model to examine change in model parameters (coupling strength, time‐delay). When auditory feedback for one or both voices was removed, the fits showed the expected decrease in coupling strength and time‐delay between the systems. When feedback about the voice(s) returned, the coupling strength and time‐delay returned to baseline. These findings support the idea that when people perform actions together, they do so as a coupled bidirectional anticipatory system.
When and Why People Evaluate Negative Reciprocity as More Fair Than Positive Reciprocity
Authors: Shaw Alex , Barakzai Anam , Keysar Boaz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIf you are kind to me, I am likely to reciprocate and doing so feels fair. Many theories of social exchange assume that such reciprocity and fairness are well aligned with one another. We argue that this correspondence between reciprocity and fairness is restricted to interpersonal dyads and does not govern more complex multilateral interactions. When multiple people are involved, reciprocity leads to partiality, which may be seen as unfair by outsiders. We report seven studies, conducted with people from the United States, in which participants were asked to evaluate situations involving resource distribution in contexts such as economic games, government, and the workplace. Specifically, we find that equal resource distribution in multilateral interactions is seen as more fair than engaging in reciprocity. We also find that negative reciprocity is seen as more fair than positive reciprocity in these multilateral situations because positive reciprocity is perceived as based in favoritism. We rule out alternative explanations and demonstrate that there are contexts where favoritism is not viewed as unfair. These findings are important for theories of fairness and reciprocity as they demonstrate the central role of perceived partiality in the evaluation of multi‐party resource allocation.
Aligning citizen science with best practice: Threatened species conservation in Australia
Authors: Steven Rochelle , Barnes Megan , Garnett Stephen T. , Garrard Georgia , O'Connor James , Oliver Jessica L. , Robinson Cathy , Tulloch Ayesha , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWell‐designed citizen science projects can improve the capacity of the scientific community to detect and understand declines in threatened species, and with the emergence of frameworks to guide good design, there is an opportunity to test whether projects are aligned with best practice. We assessed the current landscape of citizen science projects for threatened species conservation via a content analysis of the online communique of citizen science projects across Australia. Only 2% of projects stated clear research questions, although approximately 86% had implied project objectives aimed at threatened species conservation. Most projects were focused on field‐based monitoring activities with half using structured ecological survey methods. Most reviewed projects (65%) shared data with open access biodiversity databases and the vast majority use at least one social media platform to communicate with potential and existing participants (up to 81%). Approximately 50% present citizen‐sourced data summaries or publications on their websites. Our study shows there is a very strong foundation for public participation in threatened species conservation activities in Australia, yet there is scope to further integrate the principles of citizen science best practice. Improved integration of these principles will likely yield better outcomes for threatened species as well as for the citizen scientists themselves.
Intense and sustained pain reduces cortical responses to auditory stimuli: Implications for the interpretation of the effects of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation in humans
Authors: Torta Diana M. , Jure Fabricio A. , Andersen Ole K. , Biurrun Manresa José A.B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhasic pain stimuli are inhibited when they are applied concomitantly with a conditioning tonic stimulus at another body location (heterotopic noxious conditioning stimulation, HNCS). While the effects of HNCS are thought to rely on a spino‐bulbo‐spinal mechanism in animals (termed diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, DNIC), the underlying neurophysiology in humans may involve other pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of concomitant supraspinal mechanisms during HNCS by presenting auditory stimuli during a conditioning tonic painful stimulus (the cold pressor test, CPT). Considering that auditory stimuli are not conveyed through the spinal cord, any changes in brain responses to auditory stimuli during HNCS can be ascribed entirely to supraspinal mechanisms. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during HNCS, and auditory stimuli were administered in three blocks, before, during and after HNCS. Nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (NWRs) were recorded at the same time points to investigate spinal processing. Our results showed that AEPs were significantly reduced during HNCS. Moreover, the amplitude of the NWR was significantly diminished during HNCS in most participants. Given that spinal and supraspinal mechanisms operate concomitantly during HNCS, the possibility of isolating their individual contributions in humans is questionable. We conclude that the net effects of HCNS are not independent from attentional/cognitive influences.
An unexpected source of invertebrate community recovery in intermittent streams from a humid continental climate
Authors: Pařil Petr , Polášek Marek , Loskotová Barbora , Straka Michal , Crabot Julie , Datry Thibault 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Intermittent streams are naturally dominant landscape features of Mediterranean and arid regions, but also occur more and more in humid climates, such as in the Czech Republic. Organism abilities to cope with drying (i.e. resistance forms) have been quantified in naturally intermittent streams from Mediterranean and arid regions, in which long‐term flow intermittence patterns have promoted physiological adaptations. In contrast, the capacity of aquatic communities to persist without requiring resistance adaptations under recent intermittent flow regimes in more humid climates is virtually unexplored, along with its contribution to community recovery upon rewetting.

Here, we addressed the ability of aquatic invertebrates devoid of specific desiccation‐resistance forms (e.g. cysts or eggs) to cope with climate change‐induced flow intermittence from rivers in continental climate. Owing to the high relative air humidity, the importance of riparian cover and the short duration of drying events, we expected taxonomically and functionally rich communities to persist in the dry streambed during phases with no surface water and to contribute to community recovery upon flow resumption.

To explore these ideas, we collected invertebrate communities in the riverbeds before, during and after drying from 10 intermittent rivers in the Czech Republic. We quantified the pool of organisms remaining alive in the dry riverbeds and determined its taxonomic and functional contribution to the recovery of benthic communities upon rewetting.

Of the organisms collected, 83%, belonging to 22 taxa, were able to survive during the dry phase without producing desiccation‐resistance forms. This pool of organisms contributed substantially both taxonomically and functionally to the quick recovery of benthic communities. The exponential decrease in taxonomic and functional richness implies an initial quick loss of sensitive taxa, while a pool of less sensitive taxa persisted long in the dry riverbeds, hence contributing to the fast community recovery upon rewetting.

Survival rates of active aquatic macroinvertebrates devoid of specific desiccation‐resistance adaptations have rarely been quantified. Probably promoted by benign environmental conditions prevailing on dry riverbeds in this study, their survival demonstrated the need to protect communities in dry riverbed and their adjacent riparian environments so that assemblages can recover rapidly from short periods without river flow. Riparian forest management along intermittent streams from continental climates could help conserve the value of dry streambeds as a source of resilience for riverine communities.
Yield response of field‐grown soybean exposed to heat waves under current and elevated [CO2]
Authors: Thomey Michell L. , Slattery Rebecca A. , Köhler Iris H. , Bernacchi Carl J. , Ort Donald R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) generally enhances C3 plant productivity, whereas acute heat stress, which occurs during heat waves, generally elicits the opposite response. However, little is known about the interaction of these two variables, especially during key reproductive phases in important temperate food crops, such as soybean (Glycine max). Here, we grew soybean under elevated [CO2] and imposed high‐ (+9°C) and low‐ (+5°C) intensity heat waves during key temperature‐sensitive reproductive stages (R1, flowering; R5, pod‐filling) to determine how elevated [CO2] will interact with heat waves to influence soybean yield. High‐intensity heat waves, which resulted in canopy temperatures that exceeded optimal growth temperatures for soybean, reduced yield compared to ambient conditions even under elevated [CO2]. This was largely due to heat stress on reproductive processes, especially during R5. Low‐intensity heat waves did not affect yields when applied during R1 but increased yields when applied during R5 likely due to relatively lower canopy temperatures and higher soil moisture, which uncoupled the negative effects of heating on cellular‐ and leaf‐level processes from plant‐level carbon assimilation. Modeling soybean yields based on carbon assimilation alone underestimated yield loss with high‐intensity heat waves and overestimated yield loss with low‐intensity heat waves, thus supporting the influence of direct heat stress on reproductive processes in determining yield. These results have implications for rain‐fed cropping systems and point toward a climatic tipping point for soybean yield when future heat waves exceed optimum temperature.
Gender differences in factors associated with depression in infertility patients
Authors: Bai Cai‐Feng , Sun Ji‐Wei , Li Jie , Jing Wan‐Hong , Zhang Xue‐Kun , Zhang Xuan , Ma Li‐Li , Yue Rong , Cao Feng‐Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo clarify gender differences in the demographic variables and infertility problems associated with depression among men and women undergoing infertility treatment.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsWe surveyed 380 women and 360 men undergoing infertility treatment at the reproductive medicine center of a hospital in China's Ningxia Province from March ‐ September 2016.ResultsFor women, ethnicity, the number of clinic visits, social concern, and sexual concern were factors linked with depression symptoms. For men, treatment cost pressure and social concern were significantly associated with depression symptoms.ConclusionPsychological counseling and intervention programs should be integrated into in‐vitro fertilization treatments and interventions should be targeted based on gender differences.ImpactThe provision of treatment‐related sexual knowledge by nurses is indispensable for infertile participants. Mental health policies should be developed to facilitate the implementation of psychological services. Psychological counseling and intervention programs should be integrated into in vitro fertilization treatment to help men and women with infertility cope with psychological distress.
Delivery of care for functional gastrointestinal disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Basnayake Chamara , Kamm Michael A , Salzberg Michael R , Wilson‐O'Brien Amy , Stanley Annalise , Thompson Alexander J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA diverse range of treatments are available for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Individual treatments, including drug therapies, behavioral therapy (“biofeedback”), psychological therapies, and dietary therapies, have been well validated in controlled, randomized trials and real‐life case series. However, few studies have evaluated models of delivery of care for the whole population of referred patients with an FGID. This review evaluates models of specialist outpatient care for the management of FGIDs.MethodsA systematic review was performed of full‐text articles published until October 2018 in Pubmed/Medline and Embase. Studies were included if they evaluated a model of outpatient care in a specialist setting for the treatment of adult patients with an FGID and included patient‐reported outcomes comprising symptoms, quality of life, or psychological well‐being.ResultsFew studies have evaluated the delivery of care for the whole population of referred patients with an FGID, and there was one randomized comparison of different models of care. Two studies that evaluated the outcome of gastroenterologist‐only clinics suggested poor long‐term results. Two non‐comparative case series reported the outcome of multidisciplinary care, including gastroenterologists and psychological therapists, suggesting improved patient quality of life and psychological well‐being.ConclusionsDespite the high prevalence and cost of treating FGIDs, and the availability of effective treatments, there are few data and limited randomized comparisons reporting the outcome of different types of specialist care. The few data available suggest that multidisciplinary care is superior to gastroenterologist‐only care, but this needs to be validated in prospective comparative studies.
Effectiveness of a musical training programme in promoting happiness and quality of life of underprivileged preschool children
Authors: Cheung Ankie Tan , Li William Ho Cheung , Ho Laurie Long Kwan , Ho Ka Yan , Lam Katherine Ka Wai , Chung Oi Kwan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test the effectiveness of a musical training programme in promoting happiness and quality of life of Hong Kong Chinese underprivileged preschool children.BackgroundThe impact of poverty and income disparity on the psychological well‐being of children remains a profound global public health concern. There is substantial evidence that poverty and income disparity have many negative impacts on children's psychological well‐being, adversely affecting their quality of life.MethodsA nonequivalent, quasi‐experimental, two‐group, pretest and post‐test, between‐subjects design was conducted with 171 Hong Kong Chinese underprivileged preschool children (aged 3–6 years). Participants (n = 100) in the experimental group attended a weekly 1‐hr musical training lesson for 12 weeks conducted by the Music Children Foundation. Participants (n = 71) in the wait list control group received the same training after all data had been collected. Data collection for both groups was conducted at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. The measured outcomes were happiness level and quality of life. A TREND checklist was completed.ResultsParticipants in the experimental group reported significantly higher levels of happiness (p = .002) and quality of life (p = .44) than those in the wait list control group.ConclusionsThe present study indicates the effectiveness of a musical training programme in promoting happiness and quality of life of Hong Kong Chinese underprivileged preschool children. It also demonstrated the feasibility of implementing the programme in a community context.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study aids to inform nurses the beneficial effect of the musical training programme in improving underprivileged children's psychological well‐being and quality of life. Indeed, community nurses may act as facilitators to promote the musical training programme to underprivileged children. The involvement of community nurses may greatly enhance the sustainability of the programme, thus making it to be a routine health promotion activity.
Adolescent cancer survivors' experiences of supportive care needs: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Valizadeh Leila , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Ghahramanian Akram , Musavi Saeed , Akbarbegloo Masoomeh , Chou Fang‐yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSupportive care is an important strategy that can help cancer survivors manage changes and problems during their follow‐up care. Identifying patients' care needs is one of the primary steps of the nursing process to plan effective nursing interventions. The aim of this study was to explore adolescent cancer survivors' supportive care needs. Purposeful sampling was adopted to select 49 participants from hospitals to participate in face‐to‐face, semistructured interviews. The qualitative content analysis method was conducted for data analysis. Ten subcategories and four main categories – empathetic care, information about survival period, instrumental support, and cooperation in care – were extracted from the data. These four categories formed a major theme, “supportive care”, as the primary healthcare need. This study highlights that supportive care should be developed collaboratively by family and healthcare providers to meet the needs of adolescent cancer survivors. Survivors' strengths and limitations should be identified, and then supportive care can be provided, such as giving appropriate information, enabling survivors to access supportive networks, and improving survivors’ confidence and autonomy with their self‐management.
New approaches to tannin analysis of leaves can be used to explain in vitro biological activities associated with herbivore defence
Authors: Marsh Karen J. , Wallis Ian R. , Kulheim Carsten , Clark Robert , Nicolle Dean , Foley William J. , Salminen Juha‐Pekka 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Although tannins have been an important focus of studies of plant–animal interactions, traditional tannin analyses cannot differentiate between the diversity of structures present in plants. This has limited our understanding of how different mixtures of these widespread secondary metabolites contribute to variation in biological activity.

We used UPLC‐MS/MS to determine the concentration and broad composition of tannins and polyphenols in 628 eucalypt (Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora) samples, and related these to three in vitro functional measures believed to influence herbivore defence: protein precipitation capacity, oxidative activity at high pH and capacity to reduce in vitro nitrogen (N) digestibility.

Protein precipitation capacity was most strongly correlated with concentrations of procyanidin subunits in proanthocyanidins (PAs), and late‐eluting ellagitannins. Capacity to reduce in vitro N digestibility was affected most by the subunit composition and mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) of PAs. Finally, concentrations of ellagitannins and prodelphinidin subunits of PAs were the strongest determinants of oxidative activity.

The results illustrate why measures of total tannins rarely correlate with animal feeding responses. However, they also confirm that the analytical techniques utilised here could allow researchers to understand how variation in tannins influence the ecology of individuals and populations of herbivores, and, ultimately, other ecosystem processes.
Subcutaneous dermoid cysts on the eyebrow and neck
Authors: Nakajima Koji , Korekawa Ayumi , Nakano Hajime , Sawamura Daisuke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report a case of dermoid cysts on the right lateral eyebrow and anterior neck. Multiple concurrent dermoid cysts, as in the present case, are very rare. The differential diagnosis of dermoid cyst includes epidermoid (epidermal inclusion) cyst, trichilemmal cyst, pilomatrixoma, lymphatic malformation, and lipoma. In particular, thyroglossal duct cyst and midline anterior neck inclusion cyst are part of the differential diagnosis when the lesion is in the anterior neck.