bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentence Diversity in Early Language Development: Recommendations for Target Selection and Progress Monitoring
Authors: Hadley Pamela A. , McKenna Megan M. , Rispoli Matthew 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This clinical focus article describes how to assess and when to target diverse, simple sentences as part of early language intervention.

Method
The theoretical foundations and clinical motivations for assessing sentence diversity based on unique combinations of subjects and verbs are explained, followed by a description of how to compute the measure. Sentence diversity is then related to familiar developmental measures of lexical diversity, utterance length, and grammatical complexity in a sample of 40 typically developing toddlers at 30 months of age. Descriptive and correlational analyses are used to demonstrate how sentences become more diverse as utterances also become longer and more complex.

Conclusions
The ability to produce simple sentences with diverse subject–verb combinations is proposed as a general developmental expectation for toddlers at 30 months of age. All 40 children produced at least 10 different subject–verb combinations in 30 min of parent–toddler conversation. Sentence diversity is also associated with familiar developmental measures. Recommendations are provided for using the measure of sentence diversity to inform treatment planning and monitor progress for young children with language disorders.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5895976
Local tentative bonding method to maintain alignment accuracy in bonding process using resin as an adhesive material
Authors: Kondo Masahiro , Komiyama Ryohei , Miyashita Hidetoshi , Lee Sang‐Seok 
Published: March 2018

The authors proposed a novel method to maintain the alignment accuracy in the wafer‐bonding process, which uses a resin as an adhesive material. Recently, the resin has received attention as an adhesive material for wafer bonding in microelectromechanical system device fabrication because of its multiple advantageous material properties. However, because of its inherent material viscosity, the alignment accuracy cannot be easily maintained, particularly when two wafers are bonded with a thick resin after alignment. To solve this problem, they proposed a local tentative bonding method. After aligning the two wafers, they irradiated the adhesive resin layer between the wafers using a near‐infrared (NIR) spotlight (wavelength = 1020 nm), which is transparent to Si wafers. Using several NIR irradiation spots aimed at the resin layer after aligning the wafers, the resin layer was bonded locally and tentatively, which was sufficiently secure to avoid wafer shifting in the subsequent process. The local tentative bonded areas acted as anchors, which held the wafers during the bonding process. They performed experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of their method using resins, such as polyimide, benzocyclobutene and SU‐8. Consequently, they achieved an alignment accuracy <5 µm, which is a significant improvement compared with the typical bonding results.
The shape of convective core overshooting from gravity-mode period spacings
Authors: Pedersen M. G. , Aerts C. , Pápics P. I. , Rogers T. M. 
Published: March 2018

Context.The evolution of stars born with a convective core is highly dependent on the efficiency and extent of near core mixing processes, which effectively increases both the core mass and main-sequence lifetime. These mixing processes remain poorly constrained and therefore result in large uncertainties in the stellar structure and evolution models of such stars.Aims.We investigate to what extent gravity-mode period spacings in slowly pulsating B-type stars observed by theKeplermission can be used to constrain both the shape and extent of convective core overshoot and additional mixing in the radiative envelope.Methods.We compute grids of 1D stellar structure and evolution models for two different shapes of convective core overshooting and three shapes of radiative envelope mixing. The models in these grids are compared to a set of benchmark models to evaluate their capability of mimicking the dipole progradeg-modes of the benchmark models.Results.Through our model comparisons we find that at a central hydrogen content ofXc = 0.5, dipole progradeg-modes in the period range 0.8−3 d are capable of differentiating between step and exponential diffusive overshooting. This ability disappears towards the terminal age main sequence atXc = 0.1. Furthermore, theg-modes behave the same for the three different shapes of radiative envelope mixing considered. However, a constant envelope mixing requires a diffusion coefficient near the convective core five times higher than chemical mixing from internal gravity waves to obtain a surface nitrogen excess of ~ 0.5 dex within the main-sequence lifetime.Conclusions.Within the estimated frequency errors of theKeplermission, the ability ofg-modes to distinguish between step and exponential diffusive overshooting depends on the evolutionary stage. Combining information from the average period spacing and observed surface abundances, notably nitrogen, could potentially be used to constrain the shape of mixing in the radiative envelope of massive stars.
A uniformly accurate (UA) multiscale time integrator pseudospectral method for the nonlinear Dirac equation in the nonrelativistic limit regime
Authors: Cai Yongyong , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2018

A multiscale time integrator Fourier pseudospectral (MTI-FP) method is proposed and rigorously analyzed for the nonlinear Dirac equation (NLDE), which involves a dimensionless parameter ε ∈ (0, 1] inversely proportional to the speed of light. The solution to the NLDE propagates waves with wavelength O (ε2) and O (1) in time and space, respectively. In the nonrelativistic regime,i.e., 0 < ε ≪ 1, the rapid temporal oscillation causes significantly numerical burdens, making it quite challenging for designing and analyzing numerical methods with uniform error bounds inε ∈ (0, 1]. The key idea for designing the MTI-FP method is based on adopting a proper multiscale decomposition of the solution to the NLDE and applying the exponential wave integrator with appropriate numerical quadratures. Two independent error estimates are established for the proposed MTI-FP method as hm0+τ2/ε2andhm0 + τ2 + ε2, where his the mesh size, τis the time step and m0depends on the regularity of the solution. These two error bounds immediately suggest that the MTI-FP method converges uniformly and optimally in space with exponential convergence rate if the solution is smooth, and uniformly in time with linear convergence rate at O (τ) for all ε ∈ (0, 1] and optimally with quadratic convergence rate at O (τ2) in the regimes when either ε = O (1) or 0 < ε ≲ τ. Numerical results are reported to demonstrate that our error estimates are optimal and sharp.
Quantitative Bildgebung für die Dosimetrie mit SPECT/CT
Authors: Tran-Gia Johannes , Lassmann Michael , Kuwert Torsten , Ritt Philipp 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie möglichst genaue Bestimmung von in Tumoren und kritischen Organen aufgenommenen Aktivitäten ist eine der Grundvoraussetzungen für die Planung und Überwachung der molekularen Radiotherapie mithilfe von interner Dosimetrie. Aufgrund zahlreicher Verbesserungen im Bereich der Hardware, v. a. aber auch im Bereich der Rekonstruktionssoftware, ist die SPECT/CT-Bildgebung zu einer der am besten geeigneten und am weitesten verbreiteten Bildgebungsmethoden für die Abschätzung von Organaktivitäten und Aktivitätsverteilungen geworden. Trotz ihres großen Potenzials hat die SPECT/CT-Bildgebung jedoch immer noch mit einer Reihe von Schwierigkeiten zu kämpfen, die eine volumenbasierte Bestimmung von Organaktivitäten erschweren. Insbesondere sind die Umrechnung von Impuls- in Aktivitätsverteilung, die Korrektur von Partialvolumeneffekten, sowie die Standardisierung von Aufnahme- und Rekonstruktionsprotokollen immer noch Gegenstand der Forschung.In dieser Arbeit werden zunächst die wichtigsten Prinzipien der quantitativen SPECT/CT-Bildgebung vorgestellt, und anschließend einige Vorschläge und Hilfestellungen für die praktische Umsetzung gegeben.
Effective and less invasive diagnostic strategy for gastrointestinal GVHD
Authors: Endo Katsuya , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Kuroha Masatake , Moroi Rintaro , Onodera Motoyuki , Naito Takeo , Kanazawa Yoshitake , Kimura Tomoya , Shiga Hisashi , Kakuta Yoichi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Rectosigmoidoscopy with biopsy has been regarded to be a useful procedure to diagnose gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, little is known about the specific colonoscopic features of gastrointestinal GVHD. In this study, we focused on the 4 unique colonoscopic findings – orange peel appearance, spotty redness, small mucosal sloughing, and diffuse mucosal defect – which are possible specific findings of gastrointestinal GVHD. We aimed to estimate the usefulness of these four unique colonoscopic findings in the rectosigmoid portion to diagnose gastrointestinal GVHD.
Patients and methods Seventy patients who were histologically diagnosed with gastrointestinal GVHD at our institute were retrospectively enrolled. Colonoscopic findings were reviewed, focusing on the four characteristic findings. The percentage of the positive cases for the characteristic findings was calculated. The final scoping portion and the number of cases showing any of the four characteristic findings in the rectosigmoid portion were also evaluated. The relationships between biopsy sites and the histological findings were also evaluated.
Results Orange peel appearance was observed in 66 cases (94.3 %). Spotty redness was observed in 45 cases (64.3 %). Small mucosal sloughing was observed in 49 cases (70.0 %). Diffuse mucosal defect was observed in six cases (8.6 %). The number of cases that were concurrently positive for one, two, and three findings were 16 (20.8 %), 20 (26.0 %), and 34 (48.6 %), respectively. Fifty-eight cases (82.9 %) were investigated up to the rectosigmoid portion, and 12 (17.1 %) were investigated beyond the sigmoid colon. All of the cases showed at least 1 of the 4 characteristics in the rectosigmoid portion. The percentage of crypt apoptosis in the biopsy specimen from orange peel appearance, spotty redness, small mucosal sloughing, and diffuse mucosal defect were 87.5 %, 83.3 %, 87.2 %, and 88.9 %, respectively.
Conclusion Orange peel appearance, spotty redness, small mucosal sloughing, and diffuse mucosal defect are the characteristic colonoscopic findings useful for diagnosis of gastrointestinal GVHD. These findings are frequently observed in the rectosigmoid portion. The histological detection rates for crypt cell apoptosis from these findings are high. Identifying the four characteristic findings on rectosigmoidoscopy and taking biopsies from these areas could be essential for the diagnostic strategy for gastrointestinal GVHD.
How familiar are we with decision-making concerning the treatment of perforation after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the colon? A case report
Authors: Tribonias George , Daferera Niki , Manola Margarita-Eleni , Svernlöv Rikard , Ignatova Simone , Hjortswang Henrik 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims We describe a case of perforation after colonic endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) that was treated conservatively. We would like to highlight the importance of decision-making mainly based on the endoscopist's point of view in combination with the surgical consultation. Although the radiological imaging is always needed, it cannot solely lead to a decision for operation. Intraperitoneal gas in computed tomography is not always associated with a hole in the endoscopic field and could be possibly explained from a “balloon” phenomenon. The amount of extraluminal air after an EMR does not correlate reciprocally with patient's pain after the procedure. Even though perforation is a radiological diagnosis and endoscopists should be aware of the common post-EMR radiological findings, the surgical examination is mandatory and should be coupled with the endoscopic opinion in order to guide appropriately the treatment in patients with acute pain.
Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit – was tun, wenn PPI nicht ausreichend wirksam,
verträglich oder erwünscht sind?
Authors: Labenz Joachim , Koop Herbert 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Standardtherapie der GERD mit PPI ist weniger wirksam als gedacht: Mindestens 30 % der Patienten haben
persistierende Symptome und Läsionen (Therapielücke). Bei persistierender Symptomatik oder Wunsch einer
alternativen Behandlung ist eine stratifizierte Diagnostik erforderlich. Alginate und neue Operationsverfahren
erweitern die Therapieoptionen
Durch das Cochlea-Implantat zum CODA?
Authors: Vogel Arno 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung gehörloser Kinder mit gehörlosen bzw. hochgradig hörgeschädigten Eltern ist
möglich. Bereits vor der Operation muss ein tragfähiges (Re-)Habilitationskonzept zur Entwicklung und
Förderung des Hör-Sprachprozesses erarbeitet werden. Der Erfolg der Kinder hängt von Vermittlern ab, die die
Eltern unterstützen. Die Kinder wachsen zweisprachig auf: Gebärdensprache und Lautsprache. Sie können Schulen
für Hörgeschädigte oder allgemeine Schulen für Hörende besuchen.
Kopf-Hals-MRT: Was HNO-Ärzte wissen sollten
Authors: Widmann Gerlig 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) hat sich für die HNO-Heilkunde zu einem wichtigen bildgebenden Verfahren
entwickelt. Ziel des vorliegenden CME-Beitrags für HNO-Ärzte ist es, einen Überblick über die Vor- und
Nachteile sowie die Möglichkeiten der Kopf-Hals-MRT zu bieten und die wichtigsten klinischen Anwendungsgebiete
der verschiedenen MRT-Sequenzen zusammenzufassen.
Mere formalities: fictional normativity and normative authority
Authors: Wodak Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt is commonly said that some standards, such as morality, are ‘normatively authoritative’ in a way that other standards, such as etiquette, are not; standards like etiquette are said to be ‘not really normative’. Skeptics deny the very possibility of normative authority, and take claims like ‘etiquette is not really normative’ to be either empty or confused. I offer a different route to defeat skeptics about authority: instead of focusing on what makes standards like morality special, we should focus on what makes standards like etiquette ‘not really normative’. I defend a fictionalist theory on which etiquette is ‘not really normative’ in roughly the same way that Sherlock is ‘not really a detective’, and show that fictionalism about some normative standards helps us explain the possibility of normative authority.
Is international junior success a reliable predictor for international senior success in elite combat sports?
Authors: Li Pingwei , De Bosscher Veerle , Pion Johan , Weissensteiner Juanita R. , Vertonghen Jikkemien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCurrently in the literature, there is a dearth of empirical research that confirms whether international junior success is a reliable predictor for future international senior success. Despite the uncertainty of the junior–senior relationship, federations and coaches still tend to use junior success as a predictor for long‐term senior success. A range of former investigations utilising a retrospective lens has merely focused on success that athletes attained at junior level competitions. Success that was achieved at senior‐level competitions but at a junior age was relatively ignored. This study explored to what extent international senior success can be predicted based on success that athletes achieved in either international junior level competitions (i.e. junior medalists) or senior competitions at a junior age (i.e. early achievers). The sample contains 4011 international male and female athletes from three combat sports (taekwondo, wrestling and boxing), who were born between 1974 and 1990 and participated in both international junior and senior‐level competitions between 1990 and 2016. Gender and sport differences were compared. The results revealed that 61.4% of the junior medalists and 90.4% of the early achievers went on to win international medals at a senior age. Among the early achievers, 92.2% of the taekwondo athletes, 68.4% of the wrestling athletes and 37.9% of the boxing athletes could be reliably “predicted” to win international senior medals. The findings demonstrate that specific to the three combat sports examined, international junior success appears to be an important predictor to long‐term international senior success.
Extracellular vesicles as a platform for membrane‐associated therapeutic protein delivery
Authors: Yang Yoosoo , Hong Yeonsun , Cho Eunji , Kim Gi Beom , Kim In‐San 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMembrane proteins are of great research interest, particularly because they are rich in targets for therapeutic application. The suitability of various membrane proteins as targets for therapeutic formulations, such as drugs or antibodies, has been studied in preclinical and clinical studies. For therapeutic application, however, a protein must be expressed and purified in as close to its native conformation as possible. This has proven difficult for membrane proteins, as their native conformation requires the association with an appropriate cellular membrane. One solution to this problem is to use extracellular vesicles as a display platform. Exosomes and microvesicles are membranous extracellular vesicles that are released from most cells. Their membranes may provide a favourable microenvironment for membrane proteins to take on their proper conformation, activity, and membrane distribution; moreover, membrane proteins can cluster into microdomains on the surface of extracellular vesicles following their biogenesis. In this review, we survey the state‐of‐the‐art of extracellular vesicle (exosome and small‐sized microvesicle)‐based therapeutics, evaluate the current biological understanding of these formulations, and forecast the technical advances that will be needed to continue driving the development of membrane protein therapeutics.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect about Groundwater Level Fluctuation on the Concentration of BTEX Dissolved into Source Zone
Authors: Sun Liqun , Chen Yudao , Jiang Lingzhi , Cheng Yaping 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The water level fluctuation of groundwater will affect the BTEX dissolution in the fuel leakage source zone. In order to study the effect, a leakage test of gasoline was performed in the sand-tank model in the laboratory, and the concentrations of BTEX along with water level were monitored over a long period. Combined with VISUAL MODFLOW software, RT3D module was used to simulate the concentrations of BTEX, and mass flux method was used to evaluate the effects of water level fluctuation on the BTEX dissolution. The results indicate that water level fluctuation can significantly increase the concentration of BTEX dissolved in the leakage source zone. The dissolved amount of BTEX can reach up to 2.4 times under the water level fluctuation condition. The method of numerical simulation combined with mass flux calculation can be used to evaluate the effect of water level fluctuation on BTEX dissolution.
Study of Goat Herdering System in Sawohan Village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo
Authors: Nasich M. , Suyadi  , Ciptadi G. , Budiarto A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate and analyze goat herdering system in group of goat “Oro-oro” in Sawohan Village, Buduran District, Sidoarjo. This research was conducted by case study method, using 5 members of goat farmers “Oro-oro” with 298 goats. The results of this study indicate that the average number of goat ownership was more than 50 head/farmer. The goat breed that raising by the farmers was Kacang goats. Average daily gains was 53.32 + 36.01 gram, litter size 1.34 + 0.51 head, mean of kidding interval 7,41 + 0,99 month and mortality of kid prenatal period was 20,4%. From this research can be concluded that productivity of goat in Sawohan village was good with herdering system, so it can be used as one of alternative in developing goat farming system in other area.
Composting of empty fruit bunches in the tower composter – effect of air intake holes
Authors: Irvan  , Husaini T , Trisakti B , Batubara F , Daimon H 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The process of composting empty fruit bunches (EFB) by mixing with activated liquid organic fertilizer (ALOF) is an alternative utilization of solid waste generated from palm oil mill. This study aims to find composting techniques of EFB and to obtain degradation data of composting EFB by varying the air intake holes to produce good quality compost. Composting process was carried out by tearing the EFB into four shreds, then put into the tower composter while adding ALOF until it reached the optimum moisture content of 55 -65%. During the composting process, we maintained moisture content at optimum conditions by adding ALOF. Variations of air intake holes area to the outer surface area of the composter are 0/44.314; 72.39/44.314 and 144.78/44.314 (cm2/cm2). Composting is carried out for forty days, however, based on the result, compost began to mature on the 10th day. The results revealed that there was an influence of air intake holes to the composting process. The best degradation of EFB was obtained on the variation of air intake holes 72.39/44.314 (cm2/cm2), pH 8.1, moisture content 79.14%, water holding capacity 60%, electrical conductivity 4.725 dS/m and C/N ratio 20.97.
CarbonylDB: a curated data-resource of protein carbonylation sites
Authors: Rao R Shyama Prasad , Zhang Ning , Xu Dong , Møller Ian Max 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Oxidative stress and protein damage have been associated with over 200 human ailments including cancer, stroke, neuro-degenerative diseases and aging. Protein carbonylation, a chemically diverse oxidative post-translational modification, is widely considered as the biomarker for oxidative stress and protein damage. Despite their importance and extensive studies, no database/resource on carbonylated proteins/sites exists. As such information is very useful to research in biology/medicine, we have manually curated a data-resource (CarbonylDB) of experimentally-confirmed carbonylated proteins/sites.

Results
The CarbonylDB currently contains 1495 carbonylated proteins and 3781 sites from 21 species, with human, rat and yeast as the top three species. We have made further analyses of these carbonylated proteins/sites and presented their occurrence and occupancy patterns. Carbonylation site data on serum albumin, in particular, provides a fine model system to understand the dynamics of oxidative protein modifications/damage.

Availability and implementation
The CarbonylDB is available as a web-resource and for download at http://digbio.missouri.edu/CarbonylDB/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.