bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological, biophysical and production effects of incorporating rest into grazing regimes: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: McDonald Sarah E. , Lawrence Rachel , Kendall Liam , Rader Romina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Grazing can have considerable ecological impacts when managed inappropriately, however livestock production is a significant contributor to global food security and the removal of land from production is not always a viable option. Grazing management practices that incorporate periods of planned rest (i.e. strategic‐rest grazing) may be an alternative to grazing exclusion or continuous grazing that could achieve ecological and animal production outcomes simultaneously.

We conducted a meta‐analysis of global literature to investigate how strategic‐rest grazing mediates ecological (i.e., plant richness and diversity), biophysical (plant biomass and ground cover) and production response variables (animal weight gain and animal production per hectare) compared to continuously grazed or ungrazed areas.

Overall, total ground cover and animal production per hectare were significantly greater under strategic‐rest grazing than continuous grazing management, but biomass, plant richness, plant diversity and animal weight gain did not differ between grazing treatments. Increasing the length of rest relative to graze time under strategic‐rest grazing was associated with an increase in plant biomass, ground cover, animal weight gain and animal production per hectare when compared to continuous grazing.

Synthesis and applications. Understanding both the ecological and animal production trade‐offs associated with different grazing management strategies is essential to make informed decisions about best‐management practices for the world's grazing lands. We show that incorporating periods of rest into grazing regimes improves ground cover and animal production per hectare and that these benefits are more pronounced with increases in the length of time land is rested for. This extended rest also improves biomass production and weight gain compared to continuous grazing systems. Based on these meta‐analyses, we recommend that future research considers the duration of rest compared to graze time in comparisons of grazing systems.
Effects of exercise motivations on body image and eating habits/behaviours: A systematic review
Authors: Panão Inês , Carraça Eliana V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe quality of exercise motivations may undermine body image and eating habits/behaviours. This systematic review summarizes the state of the scientific evidence on the effects of exercise motivations on body image and eating habits/behaviours.MethodsThis review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019129904). Three electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, SportDiscus) were searched using combinations of terms concerning: (a) the population of interest (adults, exercisers), (b) the independent variables (eg, exercise autonomous motivations) and (c) the outcomes of interest (eg, body image, eating habits). No study design restrictions were implemented. To be included, empirical studies had to be published up to June 2019, in English, in peer‐reviewed journals/theses and analyse associations between exercise motivations and body image or eating habits/behaviours. Study quality was assessed using the EPHPP Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Two authors performed all steps. Outcome data were combined narratively.ResultsOf 168 records, 26 were included in this review: 22 analysing links between exercise motivations and body image and 11 exploring links between exercise motivations and eating habits/behaviours. Autonomous motivations (eg, for pleasure, health, wellbeing) and health‐focused exercise were associated with positive body image and healthy eating habits/behaviours, whereas exercising for appearance‐related and other controlled reasons was inversely related to both outcomes.ConclusionsBetter‐quality exercise motivations (ie, autonomous) seem to result in healthier body image and eating outcomes. Further research is still recommended to explore these associations in more depth. Nevertheless, these findings suggest that future interventions should promote individuals' autonomy, competence and relatedness to foster autonomous motivations.
Lactulose improves cognition, quality of life, and gut microbiota in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Ji Yao , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Wang Jiang Bin , Shang Jia , Zhou Xin Min , Guo Xiao Lin , Zhu Xuan , Meng Li Na , Jiang Hai Xing , Mi Yu Qiang , Xu Jian Ming , Yang Jin Hui , Wang Bai Song , Zhang Ning Ping 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveLactulose is effective in the treatment and prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), but there are limited data on its use on microbiota in relations to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) recovery. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of lactulose in recovery of MHE in aspects of cognitive function, quality of life, and impact on intestinal microbiota.MethodsThis multicenter, open‐label randomized controlled trial was conducted in 11 teaching hospitals in China. Participants were randomly allocated on a 2:1 basis to receive lactulose (Gp‐L) or no therapy as control (Gp‐NL) for 60 days. The primary endpoint was the MHE reversal rate. Gut microbiota were compared between MHE patients and healthy volunteers, as well as lactulose‐responders and non‐responders.ResultsA total of 98 cirrhotic patients were included in the study, with 31 patients in the Gp‐NL group and 67 patients in the Gp‐L group. At day 60, the MHE reversal rate in Gp‐L (64.18%) was significantly higher than that in Gp‐NL (22.58%) (P = .0002) with a relative risk of 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.32‐0.67). Number needed to treat was 2.4. Further, there was significantly more improvement in physical functioning in Gp‐L (4.62 ± 6.16) than in Gp‐NL (1.50 ± 5.34) (P = .0212). Proteobacteria was significantly higher in MHE patients compared with healthy volunteers (12.27% vs 4.65%, P < .05). Significant differences were found between lactulose responders and non‐responders in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria.ConclusionsTreatment with lactulose significantly improves MHE recovery rate, and gut microbiota change in MHE patients can modulate the effectiveness of this therapy. Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) (ID: ChiCTR‐TRC‐12002342).
Consolidated bioprocessing for butanol production of cellulolytic Clostridia: development and optimization
Authors: Wen Zhiqiang , Li Qi , Liu Jinle , Jin Mingjie , Yang Sheng 
Published: August 2019

SummaryButanol is an important bulk chemical, as well as a promising renewable gasoline substitute, that is commonly produced by solventogenic Clostridia. The main cost of cellulosic butanol fermentation is caused by cellulases that are required to saccharify lignocellulose, since solventogenic Clostridia cannot efficiently secrete cellulases. However, cellulolytic Clostridia can natively degrade lignocellulose and produce ethanol, acetate, butyrate and even butanol. Therefore, cellulolytic Clostridia offer an alternative to develop consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which combines cellulase production, lignocellulose hydrolysis and co‐fermentation of hexose/pentose into butanol in one step. This review focuses on CBP advances for butanol production of cellulolytic Clostridia and various synthetic biotechnologies that drive these advances. Moreover, the efforts to optimize the CBP‐enabling cellulolytic Clostridia chassis are also discussed. These include the development of genetic tools, pentose metabolic engineering and the improvement of butanol tolerance. Designer cellulolytic Clostridia or consortium provide a promising approach and resource to accelerate future CBP for butanol production.
MRI characteristics predict the efficacy of meloxicam treatment in patients with desmoid‐type fibromatosis
Authors: Shimizu Koki , Hamada Shunsuke , Sakai Tomohisa , Ito Shinji , Urakawa Hiroshi , Arai Eisuke , Ikuta Kunihiro , Koike Hiroshi , Ishiguro Naoki , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to determine the clinical significance of MRI characteristics as a possible predictor of responsiveness to meloxicam treatment in patients with desmoid‐type fibromatosis (DF). Additionally, it analysed the correlation between CTNNB1 mutation status and signal intensity of MRI.MethodsForty‐six patients consecutively treated with meloxicam composed this study. The low‐intensity area (LIA) on T2‐weighted MRI was determined. We divided patients into two groups based on the efficacy of meloxicam: a clinical benefit group (CB group, including CR: complete response; PR: partial response; and SD: stable disease) and non‐clinical benefit group (NB group, including PD: progressive disease). Correlations of the efficacy with LIA and CTNNB1 mutation status with LIA were investigated.ResultsIn total, 11, 17 and 18 patients showed PR, SD and PD, respectively. The mean LIA ratio before treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the CB group than in the NB group. For predicting the efficacy, sensitivity was 68%, and specificity was 89% when setting the cut‐off value as 20% for LIA. Mean changes in the LIA ratio before and after treatment were significantly higher (P = 0.01) in the CB group than in the NB group. Mean LIA ratio before treatment was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the S45F mutation group than in the other mutation group. In multivariate analysis, the LIA ratio before treatment was a significant predictor of responsiveness (P = 0.02).ConclusionsMRI characteristics were a useful predictor of the efficacy of meloxicam in DF patients. It may be possible to predict the clinical outcome more accurately when combined with other factors, such as CTNNB1 mutantion status.
Differentiating diploid and triploid individuals using single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped by amplicon sequencing
Authors: Delomas Thomas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTriploidy can occur naturally or be induced in fish and shellfish during artificial propagation in order to produce sterile individuals. Fisheries managers often stock these sterile triploids as a means of improving angling opportunities without risking unwanted reproduction of the stocked fish. Additionally, the rearing of all‐triploid individuals has been suggested as a means to reduce the possibility of escaped aquaculture fish interbreeding with wild populations. Efficient means of determining if an individual is triploid or diploid are therefore needed both to monitor the efficacy of triploidy‐inducing treatments and, when sampling fish from a body of water that has a mixture of diploids and triploids, to determine the ploidy of a fish prior to further analyses. Currently, ploidy is regularly measured through flow cytometry, but this technique typically utilizes a fresh blood sample. This study presents an alternative, cost‐effective method of determining ploidy by analysing amplicon‐sequencing data for biallelic single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For each sample, heterozygous genotypes are identified and the likelihoods of diploidy and triploidy are calculated based on the read counts for each allele. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated using triploid and diploid brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) genotyped with a panel of 234 SNPs and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) genotyped with a panel of 298 SNPs following the GT‐seq methodology of amplicon sequencing.
Conflicts of interest in e‐cigarette research: A public good and public interest perspective
Authors: Capps Benjamin , van der Eijk Yvette , Krahn Timothy M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe tobacco industry’s involvement in the electronic cigarette research that informs public health policy is controversial. On the one hand, some are concerned that their involvement presents conflicts of interest that bias research outputs and invalidate the policies that use them. On the other hand, some have argued that the tobacco industry may support valid research and contribute to the goals of public health, for instance, if the interests of the e‐cigarette industry could be part of a tobacco smoking cessation policy. We approach this debate from the ethical perspective of the public interest and the public good, considering how legitimate researchers can square their expert opinion with validating tobacco industry‐funded research, given the perfidy of the tobacco industry and paucity of robust, conclusive evidence on the public health impacts of liberalizing e‐cigarette use.
Syringocystadenoma papilliferum associated with verrucous carcinoma of the skin in the same lesion: Report of four cases
Authors: Alegría‐Landa Victoria , Jo‐Velasco Margarita , Santonja Carlos , Eraña Itziar , Vergara‐Sanchez Aranzazú , Kutzner Heinz , Requena Luis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe association of syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) with verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the skin in the same lesion is a rare, but well‐documented event. Although human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been proposed to have an etiologic role in the development of the verrucous proliferations associated with SCAP, most of the immunohistochemical and molecular studies have failed to show the presence of their genomic material in these lesions. We report a series of four cases of SCAP associated with VC in anogenital lesions. In two of the cases, we demonstrated the presence of the BRAF
V600E mutation by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, both in the glandular and in the squamous component. No HPV‐related histopathologic changes were found, nor could the presence of viral DNA be showed.
Late polycythemic transformation in JAK2‐mutated essential thrombocythemia patients—characteristics along with a validation of 2016 WHO criteria
Authors: Sobieralski Patryk , Leszczyńska Aleksandra , Bieniaszewska Maria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and objectivesThe most common mutation within the spectrum of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is a mutation in Janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2V617F). It has been observed that, during a course of disease, transformation from JAK2‐mutated essential thrombocythemia (ET) to overt polycythemia vera (PV) can occur. Primary objective of this study was to show the incidence of mentioned phenomenon.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed data of 136 patients diagnosed with JAK2‐positive ET observed for a median time of 9 years. We examined blood count of each patient at the time of diagnosis and confronted it with 2008 and 2016 WHO criteria for PV and mPV. Additionally, we analyzed JAK2V617F allele burden in two separate time points among selected cases.ResultsConfrontation with new criteria resulted in change of diagnosis to PV and mPV in 10% and 9% cases, respectively. Within remaining patients, 14 showed increasing hemoglobin concentration over several months during late course of disease, resulting in change of diagnosis to overt PV. We did not find suggested increase in JAK2 allele burden among transforming patients.ConclusionsPhenotype transformation to polycythemia was proven to be possible within the group of JAK2‐mutated ET; however, cause of this effect remains uncertain.
Reduced intensity allogeneic stem cell transplant with anti‐thymocyte globulin and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Salas Maria Queralt , Prem Shruti , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Law Arjun Datt , Lam Wilson , Al‐Shaibani Zeyad , Loach David , Kim Dennis (Dong Hwan) , Michelis Fotios V. , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Viswabandya Auro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to study the efficacy of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) allo‐HSCT combined with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in AML.MethodsOne hundred forty‐seven patients were included. All patients underwent unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell RIC allo‐HSCT. Median follow‐up was 12.8 months (range 0.5‐39).ResultsMedian age was 58 years. Twenty‐nine (20%) recipients received 10/10 MRD grafts, 69 (47%) 10/10 MUD grafts, 20 (13.6%) 9/10 MMUD, and 29 (20%) haploidentical grafts. The cumulative incidence of grade II‐IV and III‐IV acute GVHD at day +100, and moderate/severe chronic GVHD at 1‐year were as follow: 14.3%, 1.4%, and 8.3%. There were no significant differences according to donor type (P = .46) and cumulative incidence of GVHD. One‐year overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), non‐relapse mortality, and GVHD‐free/Relapse‐free survival were as follows: 66.9% (95% CI 58.4‐74), 59.9%, and 18.7% and 53.7%. KPS ≤ 80 was predictive of worst OS (P = .04). Those recipients who received MUD transplants had better RFS (P = .01).ConclusionsRIC allo‐HSCT combined with ATG and PTCy is safe and a potentially curative strategy and it is associated with impressive GRFS in AML.
Prevalence and distribution of functional splenic tissue after splenectomy
Authors: Luu Sarah , Sheldon James , Dendle Claire , Ojaimi Samar , Jones Penelope , Woolley Ian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals splenectomised for trauma have lower infection rates than those splenectomised for other conditions. Residual functional splenic tissue (FST) after splenectomy may provide ongoing immunological protection.AimsTo quantify the prevalence and volume of residual FST post‐splenectomy using standard testing.MethodsSplenectomised adults were recruited from the Spleen Australia clinical registry. Eligible individuals had been splenectomised at least 1 year prior to their visit and resided in Victoria. Splenic function was identified by evaluating Howell–Jolly bodies and IgM memory B cells. A 99m‐Technetium‐labelled, heat‐denatured erythrocyte scintigraphic scan was performed if splenic function was detected.ResultsInitially, 75 splenectomised individuals (all cause) were recruited, with a median of 58 years of age and who were splenectomised a median of 14 years previously. The most common indications for splenectomy were trauma (30.7%) and haematological disease (28.0%). Scintigraphy identified FST in nine individuals (12.0%). Eight had been splenectomised for trauma. In this cohort, 34.8% of individuals splenectomised for trauma had residual FST. To explore our findings further, 45 additional individuals were recruited, predominately individuals splenectomised for trauma. Twenty‐five individuals completed assessments by December 2018. An additional 11 individuals had FST, of whom 9 had been splenectomised for trauma. Overall, we identified 20 individuals with residual FST. Volumes ranged from 2.2 to 216.0 cc. We saw individuals with accessory spleens and splenotic nodules and an individual with both. Seventeen individuals had been splenectomised for trauma.ConclusionsResidual FST is commonly seen in individuals splenectomised for trauma. It can present in varying distributions and of varying volume. The clinical significance is unclear.
Clinical factors leading to a change in management in chronic hepatitis B patients managed in a tertiary setting
Authors: Koh Yu Han , Ong Joanne Hui Yi , McCartney Erin , Morgan Joanne , Narayana Sumudu , Tse Edmund 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNewer antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are highly effective, with minimal risks of complications and development of resistance.AimTo identify the proportion of patients with CHB on treatment who will not require alteration of management and the clinical factors of those who will require closer monitoring.MethodsPatients with CHB who were on entecavir and/or tenofovir between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrospectively studied. According to the initial treatment plan provided by the managing physician, any deviation in the interval of follow up, choice of investigations and alteration of medical therapy were considered a change in CHB management. We also evaluated the predictability of these changes, factors associated with higher frequency of change and the additional cost of managing stable patients with CHB in a tertiary setting.ResultsOf the patients, 75.7% (n = 87/115) did not have a change in CHB management; 85.6% of the changes in management were predictable based on liver function tests, hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase chain reaction levels and liver ultrasound. Interpreter use (OR (95% CI) = 2.41 (1.01–5.76)), liver cirrhosis (OR (95% CI) = 4.11 (1.44–11.75)) and immunosuppression (OR (95% CI) = 3.81 (1.2–12.06)) were associated risk factors. Overall, there was an incremental annual cost of AU$60 166 to manage patients who did not require alteration of their CHB management in our institution.ConclusionThe majority of stable CHB patients on highly potent antiviral treatment do not require alteration of management. While additional investigations are required, this study highlights the potential for a shared primary care approach in highly selected CHB patients.
Hyponatraemia in heart failure
Authors: Tee Su Ling , Sindone Andrew , Roger Simon , Atherton John , Amerena John , D'Emden Michael , Erlich Jonathan , De Pasquale Carmine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHyponatraemia is common in heart failure (HF). It is estimated that over 20% of patients admitted to hospital with HF have hyponatraemia. It has also been repeatedly shown to be a surrogate marker of increased morbidity and mortality in this specific population. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of hyponatraemia through the activation of neurohormonal cascades in HF, the clinical implications of sustained hyponatraemia and treatment options in the management of this challenging phenomenon.
Factors associated with lower‐extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers in a Chinese tertiary care hospital
Authors: Guo Zi , Yue Chun , Qian Qiang , He Honghui , Mo Zhaohui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProviding a better understanding of the risk factors for amputation in this particular region, Hunan province, in China might help patients with diabetic foot ulcers receive timely and appropriate medical care and help prevent amputation. Diabetic foot ulcer patients referred to the Third Xiangya Hospital during the period between December 2014 and September 2018 were enrolled. Participants who underwent amputations and received conservative treatments were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses to identify the independent predictors of amputation. Those who required amputation presented significantly higher levels of white blood cell counts, platelet counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. However, levels of haemoglobin, postprandial plasma C‐peptide, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, albumin, and uric acid were decreased in patients with amputations. Patients with more advanced Wagner grades had much higher rates of amputation. Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios in stepwise logistic regression model was 1.317 for HbA1c (95% CI: 1.015‐1.709), 0.255 for triglyceride (95% CI: 0.067‐0.975), and 20.947 for Wagner grades (95% CI: 4.216‐104.080). Independent risk factors for amputation in these Chinese diabetic foot ulcer patients included an elevated HbA1c level, lower triglyceride level, and higher Wagner grades.