bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and Modeling of Longitudinal Dispersivity in Undisturbed Saturated Soil: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Poulamee , Das Bhabani Sankar 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
An experimental procedure is reported to estimate the tortuosity and longitudinal dispersivity values in the same intact soil core.
The dimensionless parameter (longitudinal dispersivity upon scale of measurement) is modelled as a function of tortuosity values.
The relationship between tortuosity and dispersivity is porous media dependent.
The dispersivity (λ) values of soil are extensively modeled as a function of the scale of measurement (Ls). The relationship between estimated tortuosity (τ) and longitudinal dispersivity (λL) for intact soil, however, is not reported. Since both τ and λL are properties of the porous media, we reported the relationship between them in this study. The λL was estimated from laboratory scale transport experiments using undisturbed soil spheres with τ ranging from 1.07 to 3.05. The dimensionless parameter λL/Ls follows a logarithmic relationship with τ (R2 = 0.87). Since λL is a function of both the geometry of the porous media and the microscopic variation of pore velocity, our result for the first time shows the nature of relationship between pore geometry (as captured by τ) and λL values. Such relationships may be built into flow and transport models to have an initial estimate of the dispersivities in soil.
Electromagnetic radiation of low intensity as a factor of change of phenolic compounds content
Authors: SHYSH Svetlana , MAZETS Zhanna , SHUTAVA Hanna , SYSHA Olga , GORGUN Yulia 
Published: September 2018

The
influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the content of
phenolic compounds (PC) in plants on different stages of ontogeny is discussed.
A medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.) and agricultural crop Fagopyrum
sagittatum G., diploid varieties and tetraploid varieties were chosen as objects of study. Microwave
EMR in two frequency bands, 53.57-78.33 GHz (wide range mode) and 64.00-66.00
GHz (narrow range mode), has been selected to learn the physical effects on
seeds, with a treatment exposure time of 20, 12, or 8 min. The experiments were
conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Treated and control seeds were
germinated by 100 pcs in a growth chamber on moistened filter paper at 22–24˚C
in the dark and placed on the daylight from the third day. The level of PC in
the seedlings was measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. It was found that
in the EMR pretreated C. officinalis seedlings the level of PC is maximal on
14th day of germination. The wide mode treatment for 12 min results in a
two-fold increase in the level of PC in juvenile shoots with respect to
control. Different constitutional levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves of
diploid and tetraploid varieties of F. sagittatum in the most critical phases
of ontogeny were found. It is recommended to use EMR with a 12 min exposure
time for C. officinalis. The narrow frequency mode with an exposure time of 20 min
is preferable to use for most varieties of F. sagittatum.
Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Reesink F.E. , García D. Vállez , Sánchez-Catasús C.A. , Peretti D.E. , Willemsen A.T. , Boellaard R. , Meles S.K. , Huitema R.B. , de Jong B.M. , Dierckx R.A. , De Deyn P.P. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
We describe the phenomenon of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in four
subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) according to the National Institute on Aging -
Alzheimer Association (NIA-AA) criteria, in combination with 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PiB PET imaging.

Methods:
18F-FDG PET showed a pattern of cerebral metabolism with relative decrease most prominent
in the frontal-parietal cortex of the left hemisphere and crossed hypometabolism of the right cerebellum.
11C-PiB PET showed symmetrical amyloid accumulation, but a lower relative tracer delivery (a
surrogate of relative cerebral blood flow) in the left hemisphere. CCD is the phenomenon of unilateral
cerebellar hypometabolism as a remote effect of supratentorial dysfunction of the brain in the contralateral
hemisphere. The mechanism implies the involvement of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar fibers. The
pathophysiology is thought to have a functional or reversible basis but can also reflect in secondary
morphologic change. CCD is a well-recognized phenomenon, since the development of new imaging
techniques, although scarcely described in neurodegenerative dementias.

Results:
To our knowledge this is the first report describing CCD in AD subjects with documentation of
both 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PiB PET imaging. CCD in our subjects was explained on a functional basis
due to neurodegenerative pathology in the left hemisphere. There was no structural lesion and the
symmetric amyloid accumulation did not correspond with the unilateral metabolic impairment.

Conclusion:
This suggests that CCD might be caused by non-amyloid neurodegeneration. The pathophysiological
mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications of CCD and the role of the
cerebellum in AD need further investigation.
Investigation Of Reducing Omniscan Toxicity Using Intracellular And Targeted N-Acetylcysteine Lysine Complex
Authors: Hejazinia Hadi , Poonaki Elham , Elmi Mitra , Esfandiar Mohammad , Boroujeni Vala Vahedian , Assadi Artin , Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil Sadat , Hamedani Morteza Pirali , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee 
Published: September 2018

Background:The main issue is finding the most efficient method in the treatment of cancer in terms of early and accurate diagnostic. One of the most modern diagnostic techniques is imaging methods. The accuracy and detection speed of MRI and CT SCAN are high.Methods:The most important complication of iodinated contrast agents in medical imaging is severe renal toxicity Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF). In order to reduce the cytotoxicity of kidney cells caused by the usage of iodized contrast agents a complex agent should be designed. The two drugs which have been used for the synthesis of this compound are L -lysine amino acid and NAcetyl- Cysteine (NAC).Results:The synthesis of this complex due to two dimer molecules with each other and NAC greatly a helper for an antioxidant activity and L-lysine amino acid helps in drug entry into the cells. However, helping for an antioxidant activity heavily reinforce and eventually will successfully reduce the cytotoxicity. When its exposure to HEK 293 cell line (P<0.05). The reduction in toxicity at the dosage of 100 µM has been showed as the greatest reduction. The amount of renal toxicity was reported 40% in Omniscan.Conclusion:Omniscan was tested when iodinated contrast medium was combined with the synthesized 2NAC-LYS-OMNISCAN complex and the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line. Then, the cytotoxicity was reduced to 10 %. On the other hand, the viability increased from 60 % to 90 %, or in other words, the cytotoxicity was reduced from 40 % to 10 %.
Identification of Candidate Biomarkers for HCV Leading to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Differential Stages From Serum Samples
Authors: Afroz Amber , Saleem Saba , Sughra Kalsoom , Khan Sabaz Ali , Zeeshan Nadia 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly liver malignancy
found and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a prominent risk factor for this disease. Prognosis of HCC is poor;
initiate the need of markers to discover therapeutic targets in HCC.

Introduction:
Clinical staging systems of HCC composed of tumor characteristics along with liver
function test are important in prognosis but they are not precise. Molecular profiling can lead to a better
understanding of the physiopathology of HCC and can help in the development of novel therapeutic
approaches.

Methods:
64 HCC serum samples (shifted from HCV) were graded into stage I- IV; along with +ive (3
Hepatitis C) and -ive control (2 healthy persons). Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and differential mRNA expression from serum samples
of different HCC stages was confirmed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR).

Results:
HCC serum proteins displayed differential expression of glutathione s-transferase (GST),
glypican-3 (GPC3), vitronectin (VTN), and clusterin (CLU) by SDS-PAGE. GST was expressed in -ive
control, while GPC3 was found in both -ive and +ive control. The qPCR analysis, display more than
0.07 fold decrease in GST in I-IV HCC stages. The highest increase in HCC stages was observed by
GPC3; about 4 fold increase in I-IV stages. VTN show 1.7-3.4 fold; while CLU show 2-3.5 fold increase
in four stages of HCC.

Conclusion:
GPC3, VTN and CLU in combination can be good potential markers for differentiating
stages (I-IV) of HCC.
Formation of a Toxic Quinoneimine Metabolite from Diclofenac: A Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Ramesh Muthusamy , Bharatam Prasad V. 
Published: September 2018

Background:Diclofenac is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug. It is predominantly metabolized by CYP2C9. 4'-hydroxydiclofenac and its quinoneimine are the metabolites of diclofenac. However, few numbers of serious cases of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity due to diclofenac metabolism were reported. The formation of the quinoneimine metabolite was found to be responsible for this idiosyncratic toxicity. Quinoneimine is an over-oxidized metabolite of diclofenac.Method:In this work, computational studies were conducted to detail the formation of a quinoneimine metabolite from diclofenac. Further, the idiosyncratic toxicity of quinoneimine due to its reactivity was also investigated by quantum chemical analysis.Results & Conclusion:The results demonstrate the possibility of formation of quinoneimine metabolite due to various factors that are involved in the metabolism of diclofenac. The present study may provide the structural in-sights during the drug development processes to avoid the metabolism directed idiosyncratic toxicity.
Photocatalytic Activity of the Modified Coupled Semiconductors and Its Relationship with Surface Properties
Authors: Asl Shahab Khameneh 
Published: September 2018

Background:
In photocatalysis and surface chemistry, charge trapping extends the lifetime
of photogenerated electrons and holes and decreases their recombination rate. The stable surface
of crystals with lowest energy is (110) for rutile and (101), (010) or (100) for anatase. When
these surfaces are exposed to simple molecules such as water, oxygen or methane, different reactions
can occur. In this paper, the activity and mechanism of dye adsorption were studied and
demonstrated significant increase in the resulting photo-catalysis with optimizing surface properties
for the first time.

Methods:
Degussa P25 (Aldrich) was used a based materials. The mixtures of ethanol (C2H5OH)
and triethanolamine (TEA, C6H15NO3) and 1 M HNO3 solution were prepared and applied to
chemical etching of anatase/rutile mixture. The nano composites with (0.5 % Pt) prepared by wet
impregnation methods used as photo catalysts in water splitting reaction. The metallurgical and
photo catalytical properties were characterized with standard methods.

Results:
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) Results of the samples were shown that the chemical process
affected the phases and molar ratios. The photo-catalytic properties of these powders were measured
with phase ratios, crystalline size, and reaction time as parameters. TEM images of powders chemically
etched at different conditions are shown that the average surface area increased. The TiO2powders consist
of spherical particles, that modified to cubic like structure with etching but core of the powders
seems to have similar microstructures and shapes. The photo reactivity clearly shows that with adjusting
phase ratios, the microstructure, surface and photo-catalytic activity of powders are adjusted.

Conclusion:
In this study, new method to preparation of core shell structure of anatase and rutile
with using of etching developed and photo-catalytic activity of anatase and rutile hetro structure
has been investigated using two systems. The reaction rate was related to the surface area, phase's
ratio, particle and pore size, adsorption mechanism of reactants, concentration of dye and catalyst.
The surface reaction sites and photo reactivity are higher in composite powders with similar particle
size and band gap. The concentration of reactants (dye or water, H2, O2) is important because
they react in suitable surface sites. The suitable sites are determined by size of compounds and surface
charges. Additional to the surface properties, effectively charge separation was increasing the
photo reactivity of composites.
Preparation and Characterization of PEGylated C18 Fatty Acids/Anti-SNAP25 Antibody-Targeted Liposomes
Authors: Gew Lai Ti , Eh Suk Vicit Rizal , Misran Misni 
Published: September 2018

Background:Unsaturated C18 fatty acids, such as oleic acid (L1), linoleic acid (L2), and linolenic acid (L3), are a good choice of lipids to prepare liposomes. They are inexpensive, biocompatible, nontoxic, and readily available compared with phospholipids. Moreover, cis-double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids prevent the packing of molecules which increases membrane fluidity in liposomes making them a good choice of starting materials to prepare liposomes.Objective:Unsaturated C18 fatty acid liposomes, as well as their PEGylated and non- PEGylated antibody-targeted liposomes, were prepared and characterized.Methods:The particle size and zeta potential of the prepared liposomes (1 mM, pH = 7.4) for 28 and 14 days, respectively, were monitored and characterized. Membrane-bound antibodies Anti-SNAP25 (AS25) and DOPE PEG2000 (DP) were conjugated to pure C18 fatty acid liposomes to achieve stable fatty acid formulations.Results:The mean particle sizes of pure L1, L2, and L3 liposome solutions were 125, 129, and 122 nm respectively, while their polydispersity index values were 0.28, 0.21, and 0.40 respectively. A large negative zeta potential value of 45 mV was observed due to anionic carboxylate head-group of pure liposomes. The incorporation of AS25 into L1/DP, L2/DP, and L3/DP liposome solutions stabilized their mean particle size and zeta potential measurements over 28 and 14 days, respectively.Conclusion:L1/DP/AS25 was found to be the most stable PEGylated antibody-targeted liposome system because its particle size remained between 90 and 125 nm in 28 days. Transmission electron microscopy observations also supported the incorporation of AS25 and DP on the membrane surface as predicted.
Influence of Lipid’s Main Transition Temperature on the Stability of Chimeric Liposomal Systems
Authors: Zouliati Konstantina , Massala Christina , Pippa Natassa , Naziris Nikolaos , Pispas Stergios , Demetzos Costas 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The incorporation of polymeric components into liposomes
promotes structural rearrangement of the lipid bilayers that could affect their properties and
their behavior. Therefore, by mixing phospholipids with polymeric compounds the, socalled
chimeric liposomal nanosystems are produced and could be advantageous, compared
with conventional (e.g. composed of pure phospholipids) liposomal nanostructures.

Objective:
In this work, we used lipids with different main transition temperature (Tm) i.e
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC, Tm=55°C), L-α-phosphatidylcholine,
hydrogenated (Soy) (HSPC, Tm=52 °C) and egg phosphatidylcholine (EggPC, Tm=23 °C)
and we studied and compared the physicochemical characteristics and the stability of
conventional with that of chimeric liposomes.

Methods:
Thin-film hydration method (TFH) was used as the preparation protocol for all
systems. Dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering (DLS and ELS) were utilized in
order to elucidate the physicochemical characteristics of all systems. All liposomal systems
exhibited sizes below 100nm while the ζ-potential was around zero, indicating the
absence of surface charge.

Results:
The results revealed that the Tm of each phospholipid influences the biophysical
behavior of the lipidic membrane, which contributes to the physicochemical characteristics
and affects the physical stability of the liposomal nanosystems. The nature and physicochemical
properties of each phospholipid seem to play a key role, regarding the structural
characteristics and the formation process of the liposomal nanosystems.

Conclusion:
: Comparing the physicochemical properties of the conventional liposomes
with those of the chimeric liposomal systems, we conclude that the complexity of the latter,
due to the incorporation of the polymeric guest into the lipidic bilayer, revealed new
properties, which correspond to increased physical stability.
Membangun Relasi Digital antara Orang Tua Siswa dengan Sekolah dalam Penanganan Tawuran Pelajar di Yogyakarta
Authors: Darwin Muhadjir , Ekawati Henny , Habib Fadlan 
Published: September 2018

Tawuran antarpelajar yang menjurus pada tindakan kriminalitas (klithih) sedang marak di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Kondisi ini tidak terlepas dari melemahnya peran keluarga dan sekolah dalam pola pengasuhan anak. Tindakan negatif dalam bentuk aksi klithih merupakan perwujudan dari pencarian jati diri yang tidak tepat karena tindakan tersebut semata-mata mengedepankan kontrol diri yang lemah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 65,6 persen masyarakat Yogyakarta menyatakan kekerasan kelompok, terutama aksi klithih, meningkat dalam kurun waktu satu tahun terakhir. Penyebab utamanya adalah lemahnya peran orang tua dalam pengasuhan (65,7 persen), salah pergaulan (52,5 persen), dan lemahnya peran sekolah (36,2 persen). Upaya yang harus dilakukan dalam penanganan masalah tawuran pelajar adalah adanya sinergi yang baik antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua, di antaranya dengan meningkatkan komunikasi yang baik antara keduanya dalam pembinaan dan pengawasan pelajar, terutama model komunikasi personal dengan sentuhan teknologi informasi. Student brawls that lead to criminal activities called klithih (a Javanese term for violence among teenage students) is currently rampant in Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY). This condition is related to the weakening role of families and schools in nurturing the students. The negative action, klithih, is a manifestation of improper identity searching because it demonstrates a lack of self-control. The research showed that 65.6% of the community of Yogyakarta were agreed that group violence especially klithih had increased in the last year, and the main cause was the weakening role of parents (65.7%), wrong association (52.5%) and schools (36.2 %). Therefore, efforts must be made to create a good synergy between the schools and parents in handling student brawls. One of the efforts is improving good communication between the two parties in coaching and supervising teenage students, especially through a model of personal communication involving information technology.
Perilaku Strategi Coping Pelaku Tambak Udang dalam Merespons Kebijakan Penataan Pemanfaatan Tanah Kesultanan
Authors: Aji Kuncoro Cahyo , Darwin Muhadjir , Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu , Ismail Nurhasan 
Published: September 2018

Kebijakan penataan pemanfaatan tanah kesultanan untuk tambak udang di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta telah menimbulkan bentuk strategi coping sebagai respons masyarakat yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi mengenai strategi coping petambak udang yang berbeda-beda dalam merespons kebijakan penataan tanah kasultanan. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa 1) terdapat bentuk strategi coping yang dilakukan para petambak udang dalam merespons kebijakan penataan pemanfaatan tanah kesultanan untuk tambak udang serta 2) adanya pengaruh emosi, kognisi, dan emosi dengan strategi coping para pelaku tambak udang. Strategi coping para petambak udang dalam merespons kebijakan tambak udang adalah mengkritisi keputusan pemerintah (0,914), adanya sikap menerima (0,894), penerimaan dengan terpaksa (0,849), dan evaluasi diri (0,561). Strategi coping tersebut dipengaruhi oleh persepsi negatif (0,864), perbedaan pendapat (0,851), kebingungan (0,822), ekspektasi (0,816), dan percaya diri (0,657). The policy of arranging the utilization of cultivated land for shrimp ponds in Bantul District of Yogyakarta Special Region has resulted in the form of coping strategies as different community responses. This research is an exploratory research on shrimp farmers coping strategies that vary in response to the policy of the landscape of the Sultanate. The results of this study are as follows. 1) There are forms of coping strategy conducted by shrimp farmers in responding to the policy of arranging the utilization of the land of sultanate for shrimp ponds; 2) There are influences of emotion, cognition and emotion with the coping strategy of shrimp farmers. The coping strategy of shrimp farmers in responding to shrimp farming policy is to criticize the government’s decision (0.914), to accept the decision (0.894), to accept by forced (0.849), and to have self-evaluation (0.561). The coping strategy is influenced by negative perceptions (0.864), disagreements (0.851), confusion (0.822), expectations (0.816), and confidence (0.657).
Ketidaktercapaian Bonus Demografi: Pembelajaran dari Sumatera Barat
Authors: Andriani Dian Sri , Pitoyo Agus Joko , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie 
Published: September 2018

Indonesia telah memasuki fase bonus demografi sejak tahun 2012 ketika beban ketergantungan penduduk berada di bawah 50 per 100 penduduk produktif. Namun, berdasarkan proyeksi beban ketergantungan penduduk tahun 2010-2035 tidak semua provinsi di Indonesia akan meraih bonus demografi, salah satunya adalah Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Besarnya beban ketergantungan penduduk Sumatera Barat tercermin dari pergeseran struktur umur penduduk yang dipengaruhi oleh dinamika demografi yang berlangsung dari beberapa dekade sebelumnya. Tulisan ini akan menguraikan secara time series berlangsungnya ketiga komponen demografi di Sumatera Barat. Tren mortalitas bayi dan anak mengalami penurunan, bahkan pada 2012 telah mengindikasikan berada di akhir masa transisi demografi. Namun, penurunan mortalitas tersebut tidak diiringi dengan penurunan fertilitas yang signifikan. Tingkat fertilitas yang masih tinggi menjadi penyumbang bertambahnya beban ketergantungan penduduk muda. Kondisi tersebut diperparah dengan angka migrasi neto yang konsisten minus di setiap periode sehingga proporsi penduduk umur produktif tidak mengalami penambahan yang signifikan.
Upaya Peningkatan Peserta KB Aktif dalam rangka Pencapaian Target Renstra BKKBN 2015-2019 di Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Sukmaniar Sukmaniar , Saputra Wahyu , Saputra Dani 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan peserta KB aktif untuk mencapai target Renstra BKKBN 2015-2019 di Kabupaten Musi Rawas, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyebab rendahnya peserta KB aktif adalah pemahaman bahwa banyak anak banyak rezeki, kekhawatiran merasa kesepian jika memiliki sedikit anak, masih berkeinginan mendapatkan anak dengan jenis kelamin yang berbeda, status pekerjaan suami, tidak memahami pentingnya KB, tidak ada alat/cara KB yang sesuai dengan keinginan, dan tidak ada kegiatan/program KB. Upaya peningkatan jumlah peserta KB aktif dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan bantuan dana, pelatihan, manajemen sosialisasi, dan pelatihan alat KB pada PUS, kerja sama dengan pemangku kepentingan, pendekatan tokoh masyarakat, bantuan alat dan pemasangan kontrasepsi secara gratis, pemberian apreasiasi kepada pengguna KB, melakukan monitoringdan evaluasi serta umpan balik, tinjauan kembali dari hasil monitoring dan evaluasi agar dapat diperbaiki pada program KB berikutnya demi tercapainya target Renstra BKKBN 2015-2019.