bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR‐Based Subtyping Using Whole Genome Sequence Data Does Not Improve Differentiation of Persistent and Sporadic Listeria monocytogenes Strains
Authors: Taylor Alexander J. , Stasiewicz Matthew J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can persist in food‐associated environments for long periods. To identify persistent strains, the subtyping method pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is being replaced by whole genome sequence (WGS)‐based subtyping. It was hypothesized that analyzing specific mobile genetic elements, CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Short Repeat) spacer arrays, extracted from WGS data, could differentiate persistent and sporadic isolates within WGS‐based clades. To test this hypothesis, 175 L. monocytogenes isolates, previously recovered from retail delis, were analyzed for CRISPR spacers using CRISPRFinder. These isolates represent 23 phylogenetic clades defined by WGS‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms and closely related sporadic isolates. In 174/175 (99.4%) of isolates, at least one array with one spacer was identified. Numbers of spacers in a single array ranged from 1 to 28 spacers. Isolates were grouped into 13 spacer patterns (SPs) based on observed variability in the presence or absence of whole spacers. SP variation was consistent with WGS‐based clades forming patterns of (i) one SP to one clade, (ii) one SP across many clades, (iii) many SPs within one clade, and (iv) many SPs across many clades. Unfortunately, SPs did not appear to differentiate persistent from sporadic isolates within any WGS‐based clade. Overall, these data show that (i) CRISPR arrays are common in WGS data for these food‐associated L. monocytogenes and (ii) CRISPR subtyping cannot improve the identification of persistent or sporadic isolates from retail delis.Practical ApplicationCRISPR spacer arrays are present in L. monocytogenes isolates and CRISPR spacer patterns are consistent with previous subtyping methods. These mobile genetic artifacts cannot improve the differentiation between persistent and sporadic L. monocytogenes isolates, used in this study. While CRISPR‐based subtyping has been useful for other pathogens, it is not useful in understanding persistence in L. monocytogenes. Thus, the food safety community might be able to use CRISPRs in other areas, but CRISPRs do not seem likely to improve the differentiation of persistence in L. monocytogenes isolates from retail delis.
Temperature‐mediated phylogenetic assemblage of fungal communities and local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Cai Yaru , Li Xiaolin , Christie Peter , Zhang Junling , Gai Jingping 
Published: January 2019

SummaryRecent work demonstrates that habitat conditions exert striking effects on symbiont performance by mediating trade‐offs in plants, AM fungi and environmental interactions. However, how local temperature conditions influence the functional diversity of mycorrhizal symbioses and the genetics of coexisting AM fungi at the local scale remain unclear. In the present study, we conducted a reciprocal inoculation experiment to explore the performance of sympatric associations against allopatric associations under contrasting temperatures and the AM fungal community in colonized roots. No local adaptation of plant biomass was found under both temperature conditions investigated, but a consistent local versus foreign effect was found in AM fungal performance. The temperature and the origin of the inoculum relative to the plant origin were important in explaining symbiotic function. Correspondingly, the community structure and Nearest Relatedness Index of the AM fungal community of the root symbiont varied with inoculum source, and assemblages with more closely related taxa led to a decline in plant biomass and stronger disequilibrium among AM fungi in roots. Our findings suggest that functional divergence exists in naturally coexisting communities of AM fungi from contrasting climatic origins, and fungal relatedness is an important driver of plant growth.
Bacterial intracellular nanoparticles exhibiting antioxidant properties and the significance of their formation in ROS detoxification
Authors: Pan Yu , Wang Yongming , Fan Xingyuan , Wang Wenbin , Yang Xiumin , Cui Daizong , Zhao Min 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBiogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) can be formed by numerous microorganisms. However, the significance of their formation and their possible functions have not been explored in detail. To explore a possible function of Fe3O4 NPs in Burkholderia sp. strain YN01, we investigated their catalytic abilities in the elimination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in ROS content under different conditions were assessed and showed that low oxygen and high iron concentrations in the growth medium promoted ROS production. However, the levels of ROS gradually decreased with BMNP formation, suggesting that these particles possess intrinsic superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like activity and catalase (CAT)‐like activity, as proven in this study. To ensure that the observed ROS decrease was not due to antioxidase overexpression caused by the oxidative stress response, SOD and CAT were inhibited in vivo to analyse the ROS variation and BMNP yield under microoxic and high‐iron conditions respectively. The results demonstrated that the formation of these intracellular iron nanoparticles was required for the efficient scavenging of excess ROS, which was dependent on their antioxidase‐like properties. This result reveals a novel physiological function of biogenic intracellular Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
The Maternal–Infant Bond: Clarifying the Concept
Authors: Hill Rebecca , Flanagan Jane 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide a description of bonding as a concept using Walker and Avant's (2005) concept analysis guidelines. Data sources include dictionaries and online health databases. Data synthesis revealed frequent misuse of the term attachment to represent the concept of bonding. There are distinct differences between attachment and bonding and the current nursing diagnosis Risk for impaired attachment more accurately represents the concept of bonding. Revision of this NANDA‐I diagnosis may improve diagnosis identification, interventions, and nursing care for mothers and children.
Exposure to and perceptions of health warning labels on nicotine vaping products: findings from the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
Authors: McDermott Máirtín S. , Li Grace , McNeill Ann , Hammond David , Thrasher James F. , O'Connor Richard J. , Cummings K. Michael , Borland Ron , Fong Geoffrey T. , Hitchman Sara C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe presence and content of health warning labels (HWLs) on nicotine vaping products (NVPs), such as electronic cigarettes, varies by country and manufacturer. We compared proportions of people who report (i) noticing HWLs on NVPs and (ii) feeling concerned having noticed HWLs, by country and by smoking or vaping status. We also examined recall of HWL content and whether this varies by country.DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingAustralia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US). At the time of data collection, HWLs on NVPs were only mandatory in EN.ParticipantsA total of 11 561 respondents from the following samples in the 2016 International Tobacco Control Four Country Project: (1) re‐contacted smokers and quitters who had participated in the previous wave of the project; (2) newly recruited current smokers and recent quitters; and (3) newly recruited current vapers from CA, EN and US.MeasurementsOutcomes included: (1) having noticed HWLs on NVPs, (2) feeling concerned having noticed HWLs, and (3) recall of HWL message content.FindingsCompared with respondents in EN, respondents in CA were more likely to report having noticed HWLs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, P = 0.02], whereas respondents in AU (OR = 0.76, P = 1.00) and the US (OR = 1.54, P = 0.09) were not significantly more or less likely to report having noticed HWLs. Compared with concurrent smokers and vapers, daily smokers, non‐daily smokers and quitters were less likely to report having noticed HWLs (ORs = 0.21, 0.33 and 0.19, respectively, all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in reports of noticing HWLs when comparing concurrent smokers and vapers with daily (OR = 1.62, P = 0.91) or non‐daily (OR = 1.15, P = 1.00) vapers. There were no significant differences by country in reporting that HWLs made them concerned about using NVPs. Daily vapers were less likely to report feeling concerned than concurrent users (OR = 0.11, P = 0.017). Among those who reported reading HWLs (n = 688), there was little evidence of differences in recall of the HWL content.ConclusionsRespondents in England, where health warning labels on nicotine vaping products are mandatory, were not significantly more likely to report having noticed such warnings than those in Australia, Canada and the United States where warnings are not mandatory.
To sing with another's voice:
Authors: FISHER DANIEL 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn northern Australia, elaborate forms of indirection and self‐effacement shape the media play of young Indigenous Australians. Young people animate celebrity avatars and their iconic voices as kinds of camouflage, breathing life into the artifacts of social media across a range of online platforms and media networks. In turn, they are themselves addressed, affected, and animated by such media. Informed by widely distributed norms of communicative circumspection, these practices register the reach of institutionalized media activism into the lives of young people and enliven the extrainstitutional circuits to which the latter give shape. Such practices also register the distinctive powers of media artifacts as agentive creatures in contemporary social worlds, and the dialogue of animation and self‐erasure from which their agency derives.
Politics and entrepreneurship in the US
Authors: Beland Louis‐Philippe , Unel Bulent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a strong belief that Republicans are more pro‐business than Democrats. In this paper, we investigate the causal impact of partisan allegiance of governors (Republican or Democratic) on entrepreneurial activity by exploiting random variation in close gubernatorial elections in 50 states over the last three decades in a regression discontinuity design. We find that Republican governors are no different than Democratic governors in their effects on entrepreneurship. Our findings are robust to several sensitivity checks.
Kein Überlebensvorteil beim Sentinel‐Lymphknoten‐positiven Melanom mit sofortiger kompletter Lymphadenektomie – eine Übersicht
Authors: Stadler Rudolf , Leiter Ulrike , Garbe Claus 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit Jahrzehnten wird die Melanomchirurgie von dem Halstedischen Konzept der schrittweisen Metastasierung zunächst in die Lymphknoten und anschließend an entfernte Stellen geleitet. Daher wurde eine frühe komplette Lymphknoten‐Dissektion (CLND) empfohlen, um das Überleben zu verbessern. Bis in die 1990er Jahre wurden elektive Lymphadenektomien durchgeführt, vorzugsweise bei Patienten mit einer mittleren Tumordicke von 1–4 mm. Vier große prospektiv randomisierte Studien zeigten keinen Überlebensvorteil für CLND im Vergleich zur reinen Beobachtung. Die Sentinel‐Lymphknotenbiopsie wurde in den 1990er Jahren eingeführt und die CLND war auf Patienten mit positiven Sentinelknoten beschränkt. Basierend auf der Lymphoszintigraphie wurde postuliert, dass die drainierenden Lymphknoten nun genauer erkannt werden. In einer großen Studie wurde das Sentinel‐Lymphknoten‐geführte CLND im Vergleich zur reinen Beobachtung untersucht, und es wurde kein Vorteil für das melanomspezifische Überleben festgestellt. Vor kurzem haben zwei prospektive randomisierte Studien untersucht, ob CLND bei Patienten mit positiven Sentinelknoten das melanomspezifische Überleben oder das Gesamtüberleben verbessert. Beide Studien fanden keinen Überlebensvorteil für Patienten mit CLND im Vergleich zur reinen Beobachtung. Der Grund für das Versagen von CLND, das Überleben zu verbessern, ist offensichtlich eine parallele und nicht eine schrittweise Entwicklung der Lymphknotenmetastasen und der Fernmetastasen. Daher sollte eine sofortige CLND in der Melanomchirurgie in Frage gestellt werden.
S2k‐Leitlinie Basalzellkarzinom der Haut – Teil 1: Epidemiologie, Genetik und Diagnostik
Authors: Lang Berenice M. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Bauer Andrea , Blum Andreas , Brölsch G. Felix , Dirschka Thomas , Follmann Markus , Frank Jorge , Frerich Bernhard , Fritz Klaus , Hauschild Axel , Heindl Ludwig M. , Howaldt Hans‐Peter , Ihrler Stephan , Kakkassery Vinodh , Klumpp Bernhard , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Löser Christoph , Meissner Markus , Sachse Michael M. , Schlaak Max , Schön Michael P. , Tischendorf Lutz , Tronnier Michael , Vordermark Dirk , Welzel Julia , Weichenthal Michael , Wiegand Susanne , Kaufmann Roland , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Basalzellkarzinom ist der häufigste maligne Tumor der hellhäutigen Bevölkerung mit jährlich steigender Inzidenz. Eine Aktualisierung der S2k‐Leitlinie unter Beteiligung aller mit dem Krankheitsbild vertrauten Fachgesellschaften sowie vorangegangener Literaturrecherche ist für die Qualität der Versorgung der betroffenen Patienten von essentieller Bedeutung. Im vorliegenden Teil 1 wird neben Epidemiologie insbesondere auf die neuen Erkenntnisse der Genetik eingegangen sowie Diagnostik und Histologie diskutiert.
Skin inflammation associated with arthritis, synovitis and enthesitis. Part 1: psoriatic arthritis, SAPHO syndrome, Still's disease, Behçet's disease
Authors: Huhn Christian K. , Schauer Franziska , Schempp Christoph M. , Venhoff Nils , Finzel Stephanie 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe coincidence of skin and joint inflammation poses a challenge for both dermatologists and rheumatologists. Adequate management of such disorders requires that physicians of both specialties have sound knowledge of the other discipline. In case of suspected joint involvement, familiarity with the diagnostic options available to rheumatologists enables dermatologists to selectively refer their patients for a rheumatology consult. The objective of the present review is to familiarize the reader with the stepwise diagnostic workup performed by rheumatologists today, including laboratory tests, musculoskeletal ultrasound, X‐ray studies, and magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, we will discuss a number of disorders characterized by the concurrence of skin and joint inflammation, highlighting aspects of epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. These disorders include psoriatic arthritis as well as autoinflammatory disorders such as SAPHO syndrome, Still's disease and Behçet's disease.
Governance and Resource‐Sharing Ambidexterity for Generating Relationship Benefits in Supply Chain Collaborations*
Authors: Im Ghiyoung , Rai Arun , Lambert Lisa Schurer 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how long‐term partners can establish successful supply chain collaboration to accrue relationship benefits. Informed by the relational view, we identify governance and resource sharing as key mechanisms to create relationship benefits in supply chain relationships. We draw on the ambidexterity perspective to suggest that long‐term relationships require governance ambidexterity and resource‐sharing ambidexterity to handle new problems emerging in the future while successfully managing current problems, or to have a duality of short‐ and long‐term orientation. We also draw on the alignment perspective to suggest that governance ambidexterity mechanisms and resource‐sharing ambidexterity mechanisms need to be aligned. We develop a research model that explains the influence of (1) alignment/misalignment of two governance ambidexterity mechanisms (incentives and goals) on one resource‐sharing ambidexterity mechanism (knowledge sharing) and (2) alignment/misalignment of each of these governance ambidexterity mechanisms (incentives and goals) with resource sharing (knowledge sharing) ambidexterity on relationship benefits. The data for our empirical study were collected from 238 customers of a leading logistics vendor firm. A polynomial regression and response surface approach was employed to test our model. The results were supportive of our model and suggest that establishing and aligning governance ambidexterity mechanisms and resource‐sharing ambidexterity mechanisms enable firms to generate relationship benefits from supply chain relationships.
Changes in mechanical dyssynchrony in severe aortic stenosis patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Truong Vien , Mazur Wojciech , Magier Adam , Broderick John , Safdar Komal , Volz Brian , Bartone Cheryl , Kereiakes Dean J. , Chung Eugene S. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionAortic stenosis (AS) imposes a significant afterload on the left ventricle, but regional manifestations of the overall load may not be uniform, leading to mechanical dyssynchrony. Accordingly, we evaluated the prevalence of dyssynchrony in patients with severe AS at baseline as well as changes after transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of 225 patients in sinus rhythm who underwent TAVR for severe AS, in whom inter‐ventricular and intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony were measured at baseline, discharge, 1 month, and 1 year. Inter‐ventricular dyssynchrony was defined as the difference between left and right ventricular pre‐ejection intervals; intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony was defined as the difference between time to peak systolic velocity of the basal septal and lateral segments. Patients were further stratified into those with QRS <120 ms or >120 ms.ResultsAt baseline, a quarter of patients met the criterion for significant inter‐ventricular dyssynchrony, and a third had evidence of intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony. Both decreased after TAVR although only the intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony reached statistical significance. The interplay between QRS duration and changes in inter‐ and intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony are also explored.ConclusionsIn patients with severe AS, there was evidence of mechanical dyssynchrony that is improved post‐TAVR. Whether dyssynchrony is clinically and prognostically significant, and if it represents a potential target for additional therapy remains to be studied.
Systemic proinflammation after Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was correlated to the gut microbiome in HIV‐uninfected humans
Authors: Huang Shiang‐Fen , Yang Ying‐Ying , Chou Kun‐Ta , Fung Chang‐Phone , Wang Fu‐Der , Su Wei‐Juin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe dysbiosis of gut microbiome and interaction with host immunity after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection are under investigation. We had found fatigue symptom concurrent with dysbiosis by decreasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) in active tuberculosis (TB). The study aims to assess the inflammatory biomarkers and their interaction with gut microbiome in active TB and latent TB infection before starting anti‐TB regimens.Materials and methodInterleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1B), IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) releasing assay (IGRA) were measured in 25 active TB patients, 32 LTBI subjects and 23 healthy controls (HC). Gut microbiome profiles were obtained using 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing method.ResultsThe leucocytosis (7032 ± 387 cell/cum, P < 0.05), increase in IL‐6 (229.7 ± 104 µg/dL, P < 0.05), and decrease in IL‐4 (0.27 µg/dL ± 0.1, P < 0.05) were presented in active TB. The proportion of polymorphic neutrophil (PMN) in peripheral blood was positively related to the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in LTBI and active TB (R2 = 0.23, P < 0.05). The F/B ratio was positively related to the detectable IL‐1B in TB (R2 = 0.97, P < 0.01) and to the IL‐4 in LTBI (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.05). In LTBI, the relative abundances of Coriobacteriaceae were positively related to the secretion of IFN‐gamma against MTB‐antigens more likely associated with of CD4+ T cell (R2 = 0.42, P < 0.05).ConclusionIn active TB, dysbiosis with higher relative abundances of Bacteroidetes in stool and low F/B ratio was related to systemic proinflammation. In LTBI, dose‐response relationship between peripheral PMN and relative abundances of Bacteroidetes was remained but not leads to systemic inflammation.
Quantitative and qualitative changes in anti‐Neu5Gc antibody response following rabbit anti‐thymocyte IgG induction in kidney allograft recipients
Authors: Rousse Juliette , Salama Apolline , Leviatan Ben‐Arye Shani , Hruba Petra , Slatinska Janka , Evanno Gwénaëlle , Duvaux Odile , Blanchard Dominique , Yu Hai , Chen Xi , Bach Jean‐Marie , Padler‐Karavani Vered , Viklicky Ondrej , Soulillou Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntibodies of non‐human mammals are glycosylated with carbohydrate antigens, such as galactose‐α‐1‐3‐galactose (α‐Gal) and N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). These non‐human carbohydrate antigens are highly immunogenic in humans due to loss‐of‐function mutations of the key genes involved in their synthesis. Such immunogenic carbohydrates are expressed on therapeutic polyclonal rabbit anti‐human T‐cell IgGs (anti‐thymocyte globulin; ATG), the most popular induction treatment in allograft recipients. To decipher the quantitative and qualitative response against these antigens in immunosuppressed patients, particularly against Neu5Gc, which may induce endothelial inflammation in both the graft and the host. We report a prospective study of the antibody response against α‐Gal and Neu5Gc‐containing glycans following rabbit ATG induction compared to controls. We show a drop in the overall levels of anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies at 6 and 12 months post‐graft compared to the pre‐existing levels due to the major early immunosuppression. However, in contrast, in a cross‐sectional study there was a highly significant increase in anti‐Neu5Gc IgGs levels at 6 months post‐graft in the ATG‐treated compared to non‐treated patients(P = 0.007), with a clear hierarchy favouring anti‐Neu5Gc over anti‐Gal response. A sialoglycan microarray analysis revealed that the increased anti‐Neu5Gc IgG response was still highly diverse against multiple different Neu5Gc‐containing glycans. Furthermore, some of the ATG‐treated patients developed a shift in their anti‐Neu5Gc IgG repertoire compared with the baseline, recognizing different patterns of Neu5Gc‐glycans. In contrast to Gal, Neu5Gc epitopes remain antigenic in severely immunosuppressed patients, who also develop an anti‐Neu5Gc repertoire shift. The clinical implications of these observations are discussed.