bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions
Authors: Alshoabi Sultan Abdulwadoud , Binnuhaid Abdulkhaleq Ayedh 
Published: May 2019

Background and Objective: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are abnormal growths of thyroid cells that form masses within the thyroid gland. TNs are common, and the importance lies in need to exclude thyroid cancer. This study was intended to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions in comparison with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA cytology).
Methods: This study involved 133 patients with thyroid lesions. All patients underwent thyroid ultrasonography and ultrasound (US)-guided-FNA cytology and results were compared.
Results: Out of 133 patients included in this study, the mean age was 41.2±15 years, and 113 (85%) were female. Thyroid lesions were benign in 126 cases (94.7%) and malignant in nine cases (5.3%). Among 124 patients with thyroid lesions diagnosed as benign with US, 122 (98.38%) were confirmed to be benign with FNA cytology, and only 2 (1.6%) were proved to be malignant. Among nine patients with thyroid lesions diagnosed as malignant by US, 5 (55.6%) were confirmed to be malignant by FNA cytology, and 4 (44.4%) were proved to be benign. The US diagnosed benign thyroid lesions with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 98.38%, 71.42%, 98.38%, and 55.55%, respectively. The results revealed strong compatibility between diagnosis of benign thyroid lesions by the US and proved diagnosis by FNA cytology (p<0.001).
Conclusion: B-mode ultrasonography is a valuable tool in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions. It can almost always predict the benign nature of thyroid lesions with excellent diagnostic accuracy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.292
How to cite this:Alshoabi SA, Binnuhaid AA. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):630-635. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.292
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Peran foto toraks sebagai alat bantu diagnostik pada fase akut penyakit Kawasaki
Authors: Advani Najib , Santoso Lucyana Alim 
Published: May 2019

Latar belakang. Belum ada pemeriksaan penunjang yang dapat memastikan diagnosis penyakit Kawasaki (PK) yang saat ini ditegakkan menggunakan kriteria klinis. Pemeriksaan penunjang tambahan dapat membantu dalam menegakkan diagnosis, meskipun tidak definitif.Tujuan. Mengetahui apakah foto toraks dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu diagnostik pada penyakit Kawasaki.Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian retrospektif data rekam medis pasien penyakit Kawasaki di beberapa rumah sakit sejak Januari 2003 hingga Desember 2018. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak yang memenuhi kriteria diagnostik penyakit Kawasaki dari American Heart Association baik komplit maupun inkomplit serta memiliki data lengkap klinis, ekokardiografi dan foto toraks.Hasil.Terdapat 916 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan 786 (86%) diantaranya memiliki kelainan foto toraks. Kelainan terbanyak yang dijumpai adalah bercak infiltrat bilateral (84%). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada frekuensi kelainan foto dada pada PK komplit maupun inkomplit.Kesimpulan. Tingginya angka kejadian kelainan paru pada foto toraks anak dengan PK, maka foto toraks dapat digunakan sebagai alat diagnostik tambahan pada kasus PK inkomplit.
Crystallization behavior of SiO2–P2O5–CaO–MgO–Na2O–K2O bioactive glass powder
Authors: Fiume Elisa , Verné Enrica , Baino Francesco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe crystallization process of a bioactive silicate glass with 47.5SiO2-10Na2O-10K2O-10MgO-20CaO-2.5P2O5molar composition was investigated by using nonisothermal differential t hermal a nalysis (DTA). T he DTA plots recorded at different heating rates exhibited a single crystallization peak. The activation energy for crystallization was estimated by applying the equations proposed by Kissinger and Matusita-Sakka. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami exponent (n) was assessed by using the Ozawa and Augis-Bennett methods. The analyses suggest that a surface crystallization mechanism with one-dimensional crystal growth is predominant. The activation energy for viscous flow was also assessed (176 kJ/mol) and was found lower than the activation energy for crystallization (271 kJ/mol). This confirms the stability of 47.5B against crystallization and its good sinterability, which is a highly attractive feature for producing glass products of biomedical interest, such as bioactive porous scaffolds for bone repair.
Property in Digital Coins
Authors: Allen J.G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Digital coins have burst into mainstream awareness recently, mainly as a result of high-worth ‘Initial Coin Offerings’ (‘ICOs’). The most immediate question in the legal treatment of digital coins is whether they are properly seen as digital ‘commodities’, and/or as ‘securities’, and/or as units of ‘money’. But the conceptual underpinnings of these categories are not clear, nor is it clear how these categories relate to each other; no legal system currently deals adequately with incorporeal objects as objects of property law. This category includes not only digital coins but also some forms of conventional money and securities. Establishing a satisfactory account of their treatment in property law is therefore a necessary first step to incorporating digital coins into private law theory. I argue that this task is best approached on the basis of a plausible ontology of incorporeal objects, including those embodied in paper (i.e. banknotes and conventional securities) and those that exist natively in ‘cyberspace’ (i.e. electronic ‘book-money’, modern securities, and now digital coins). We therefore urgently need to develop a plausible account of a how packets of data can be treated as an object of property rights. Using a comparative analysis of English law and Civilian law (particularly German) concepts of property as an entry point into this complex of problems, I explore the ontology of incorporeal objects and the role of documentation in their creation and maintenance as part of the ‘ontic furniture’ of our economic world. I explore the conceptual basis of property in digital coins in terms of a new category of property. Such a category is long overdue and will be increasingly important in the future.
What are the correlates of body image distortion and dissatisfaction among school-adolescents?
Authors: Ben Ayed Houda , Yaich Sourour , Ben Jemaa Maissa , Ben Hmida Mariem , Trigui Maroua , Jedidi Jihene , Sboui Imen , Karray Raouf , Feki Habib , Mejdoub Yosra , Kassis Mondher , Damak Jamel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Body image is considered as central to many aspects of human functioning including emotions, thoughts, behaviors and relationships. Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of body image distortion and dissatisfaction among adolescents and to assess their main determinants.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional school-based study conducted among school-adolescents in the south of Tunisia, between October 2017 and February 2018.

Results
Among 1210 school-adolescents, body image distortion and dissatisfaction prevalence were 44.8% and 42.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that being in the 16–18 years age group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.28, p = 0.046], low family financial situation (AOR = 1.88, p = 0.014), as well as high frequency of eating pasta (AOR = 1.3, p = 0.04) and fast-food consumption (AOR = 1.7, p = 0.042) were independently associated with under-estimated body image. Skipping breakfast (AOR = 1.9, p = 0.017) and having one obese parent (AOR = 1.9, p = 0.01) were independently associated with higher frequency of over-estimated body image. Regarding body image dissatisfaction, independent factors associated with desire to lose weight were: female gender (AOR = 1.53, p = 0.007), high income family financial situation (AOR = 2.1, p = 0.008) and having one parent who is obese (AOR = 2.21, p < 0.001). However, frequent fast-food consumption (AOR = 1.9, p = 0.038) and eating between meals (AOR = 1.57, p = 0.01) were independently associated with a higher desire to gain weight.

Conclusions
Our study highlighted that the prevalence of body image distortion and dissatisfaction were substantially high among adolescents. Their determinants included socio-demographic factors and lifestyle behaviors. Increased awareness among parents, educators and public health planners may help adolescents improve accuracy of body image attitudes.
Regression Adjustments for Estimating the Global Treatment Effect in Experiments with Interference
Authors: Chin Alex 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Standard estimators of the global average treatment effect can be biased in the presence of interference. This paper proposes regression adjustment estimators for removing bias due to interference in Bernoulli randomized experiments. We use a fitted model to predict the counterfactual outcomes of global control and global treatment. Our work differs from standard regression adjustments in that the adjustment variables are constructed from functions of the treatment assignment vector, and that we allow the researcher to use a collection of any functions correlated with the response, turning the problem of detecting interference into a feature engineering problem. We characterize the distribution of the proposed estimator in a linear model setting and connect the results to the standard theory of regression adjustments under SUTVA. We then propose an estimator that allows for flexible machine learning estimators to be used for fitting a nonlinear interference functional form. We propose conducting statistical inference via bootstrap and resampling methods, which allow us to sidestep the complicated dependences implied by interference and instead rely on empirical covariance structures. Such variance estimation relies on an exogeneity assumption akin to the standard unconfoundedness assumption invoked in observational studies. In simulation experiments, our methods are better at debiasing estimates than existing inverse propensity weighted estimators based on neighborhood exposure modeling. We use our method to reanalyze an experiment concerning weather insurance adoption conducted on a collection of villages in rural China.
Two-Point Quadrature Rules for Riemann–Stieltjes Integrals with Lp
–error estimates
Authors: Alomari M.W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work, we construct a new general two-point quadrature rules for the Riemann–Stieltjes integral

∫
a
b

f
(
t
)

d
u

(
t
)

$\int_a^b {f(t)} \,du\,(t)$

, where the integrand f is assumed to be satisfied with the Hölder condition on [a, b] and the integrator u is of bounded variation on [a, b]. The dual formulas under the same assumption are proved. Some sharp error Lp
–Error estimates for the proposed quadrature rules are also obtained.
Obstacle parabolic equations in non-reflexive Musielak-Orlicz spaces
Authors: Aberqi Ahmed , Bennouna Jaouad , Elmassoudi Mhamed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe prove existence of entropy solutions to general class of unilateral nonlinear parabolic equation in inhomogeneous Musielak-Orlicz spaces avoiding ceorcivity restrictions on the second lower order term. Namely, we consider{u≥ψinQT,∂b(x,u)∂t-div(a(x,t,u,∇u))=f+div(g(x,t,u))∈L1(QT).$$\left\{ \matrix{ \matrix{ {u \ge \psi } \hfill & {{\rm{in}}} \hfill & {{Q_T},} \hfill \cr } \hfill \cr {{\partial b(x,u)} \over {\partial t}} - div\left( {a\left( {x,t,u,\nabla u} \right)} \right) = f + div\left( {g\left( {x,t,u} \right)} \right) \in {L^1}\left( {{Q_T}} \right). \hfill \cr} \right.$$The growths of the monotone vector fielda(x,t,u, ᐁu) and the non-coercive vector fieldg(x,t,u) are controlled by a generalized nonhomogeneousN- functionM(see (3.3)-(3.6)). The approach does not require any particular type of growth ofM(neither Δ2nor ᐁ2). The proof is based on penalization method.
Importance of higher-order multipole transitions on chiral nearfield interactions
Authors: Mun Jungho , Rho Junsuk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Surface-enhanced circular dichroism (SECD) of chiral molecules adsorbed on plasmonic nanostructures can substantially enhance chiroptical molecular signals by several orders, which is otherwise very weak to be directly measured. Several mechanisms were proposed to explain this extreme enhancement, but the exact mechanism is still controversial. We investigate strong higher-order multipole contribution to SECD near plasmonic nanostructures using the superposition T-matrix method and discuss how 3-dimensional full-field simulations implementing a homogeneous chiral medium have succeeded in the reconstruction of the extreme enhancement. We also discuss how theoretical studies modeling chiral molecules based on dipole approximation have failed to reconstruct the extreme enhancement and show that SECD enhancement of such chiral dipoles is directly governed by optical chirality enhancement. In addition, strong multipolar transitions in subwavelength chiral plasmonic nanoparticles are discussed based on the T-matrix. This work reviews theoretical frameworks describing chiral molecules, demonstrates significant contribution of a multipolar transition on the extreme SECD enhancement near plasmonic nanostructures, and emphasizes the importance of a multipolar transition in chiral nearfield interaction.
The crystal structure of hexaquamagnesium(II) bis(3,4-dinitropyrazol-1-ide), C6H14MgN8O14
Authors: TianLi Liu , Jianlong Wang , Lizhen Chen , DuanLin Cao , ZhiYan Lu , NaNa Wu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C6H14MgN8O14, monoclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.1154(3) Å, b = 7.9529(4) Å, c = 9.0459(5) Å, α = 77.744(2)° β = 82.589(2)°, γ = 81.134(3)°, V = 422.67(4) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0454, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1112, T = 150 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-((1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one, C23H16N2OS
Authors: Alqahtani Alaa , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
C23H16N2OS, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 19.4988(9) Å, b = 19.5060(9) Å, c = 9.2893(4) Å, V = 3533.1(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0501, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1269, T = 296(2) K.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene rs1801133 C>T Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Fang , Qin Guangyue , Tang Tingyu , Huang Qingdong , Li Zhijun , Huang He , Lu Xiaoling 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene rs1801133 C>T polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility by pooling openly published data.

Methods: Electronic databases of Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Google scholar, CBM and CNKI were systematic searched to find the relevant studies related to MTHFR gene rs1801133 C>T polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility. The odds of TT, CT and CC alleles in lung cancer patients compared with healthy controls was pooled by the effect size of odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) under random or fixed effect model. Publication bias was analyzed by Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test.

Results: Overall, twenty-one studies relevant to MTHFR gene rs1801133 C>T polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility were included. The pooled data showed subject with T allele had significant increased risk of developing lung cancer in dominant (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.28, p<0.05), recessive (OR=1.26, 95%CI:1.08-1.48, p<0.01) and homologous (OR=1.36, 95%CI:1.12-1.65, p<0.01) genetic model. Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test showed significant publication bias in all genetic models.

Conclusion: Based on present data, subjects with TT or CT alleles may have increased susceptibility to lung cancer. However, due to significant publication bias, the conclusion should be drawn with caution and should be proved by further well-designed case-control or cohort studies relevant to MTHFR gene rs1801133 C>T polymorphisms and lung cancer risk.
Effect of Welding on Pitting and Intergranular Corrosion Behavior of Marine Grade Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Shamsudeen Shanavas , Dhas John Edwin Raja 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
AA 5052 H32 aluminum alloy is one of the most commonly used materials in the marine environment due to its good formability, good weldability, and better corrosion resistance. Assessment of resistance of welds of the alloy against corrosion is necessary for reliable design. In the present study, pitting and intergranular corrosion behavior of tungsten inert gas (TIG), normal friction stir welding (FSW), and underwater FSW (UFSW) joints of AA 5052 H32 aluminum alloy and parent alloy are investigated. Electrochemical corrosion behavior by Tafel polarization technique and intergranular corrosion susceptibility by mass loss of the specimen in concentrated nitric acid solution are studied as per ASTM standards. The corrosion studies were conducted on welded plates for which welding parameters during TIG welding and FSW were kept optimum for maximum tensile strength. The result shows that corrosion resistance of welded joints is inferior to that of parent metals. Corrosion resistance of the FSW joint and UFSW joint are nearly equal and found to be higher compared with the TIG joint. Density and size of pits formed on the parent metal and welded joints are examined via macro- and microscopic analysis and atomic force microscopic study. Results also show that the specimens welded by FSW and UFSW processes are immune to intergranular corrosion attack.
Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Annual and PerennialGlycineSpecies
Authors: Hwang Eun-Young , Wei He , Schroeder Steven G , Fickus Edward W , Quigley Charles V , Elia Patrick , Araya Susan , Dong Faming , Costa Larissa , Ferreira Marcio Elias , Cregan Perry B , Song Qijian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have estimated the average genetic diversity of two Glycine annual and six perennial species based upon 76 orthologous gene sets and performed phylogenetic analysis, divergence analysis and tests for departure from neutrality of the eight species using 52 orthologous gene sets. In addition, 367 orthologous gene sets were used to estimate the relationships of 11 G. canescens accessions. Among the perennials, G. canescens showed the highest nucleotide diversity. The other perennials, except for G. tomentella, had higher nucleotide diversity than the two annuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the Glycine showed a similar genome grouping with the previous report except for G. cyrtoloba and G. stenophita which formed a sister clade in the study. Divergence analysis supported the phylogenetic relationships that G. falcata was the most divergent from G. max, followed by G. cyrtoloba, G. syndetika, G. tomentella D3, G. stenophita and G. canescens. Most genic sequences were homogeneous in the levels of polymorphism and divergence between G. max and other Glycine species based on the HKA test, thus, Glycine perennials may have experienced a very similar evolution as inferred by trans-specific mutation analysis. The greater genetic diversity of most perennial Glycine species and their origins from the warmer and drier climates of Australia suggests the perennials maybe a potential source of heat and drought resistance that will be of value in the face of climate change.
Fortified Settlements in the Eastern Baltic: From Earlier Research to New Interpretations
Authors: Lang Valter 
Published: May 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
A brief history of research and earlier interpretations of fortified settlements east of the Baltic Sea are provided in the first part of the article. The earlier research has resulted in the identification of the main area of the distribution of fortified settlements, the main chronology in the Late Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages, and their general cultural and economic character. It has been thought that the need for protection – either because of outside danger or social tensions in society – was the main reason for the foundation of fortified sites. The second part of the article adds a new possibility of interpreting the phenomenon of fortified settlements, proceeding from ethnogenesis of the Finnic and Baltic peoples. It is argued that new material culture forms that took shape in the Late Bronze Age – including fortified settlements and find assemblages characteristic of them – derived at least partly from a new population arriving in several waves from the East-European Forest Belt.
Devynios absoliučios datos iš Gedimino kalno tyrimų
Authors: Šmigelskas Ramūnas 
Published: May 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
In 2016, exploratory archaeological research was conducted in the environs of the remains of the Vilnius Upper Castle Palace, which has been also known as the Grand Ducal Palace. The purpose of the current article was to present the results of the archaeological research conducted in 2016, the analysis of which allows for a closer look at the chronology of a wooden castle building on the Gediminas Hill. This article briefly covers the previous archaeological investigations of the Gediminas Hill. Also, the prior archaeological studies related to the early inhabiting of the Hill by people are analyzed; the chronological circumstances of a wooden castle’s emergence on the Hill based on archaeological data are overviewed as well. The archaeological research of 2016 did not result in a great quantity of finds, yet the radiocarbon dating of samples was quite large in number. The present article is aiming at the publication of results of the laboratory dating of samples that was conducted in 2016 as well as at encouraging the further academic discussion on the topic of the occurrence of a wooden castle on the Gediminas Hill, based on the possibilities provided by the statistical modelling of these results.
Apžiesta keramika jotvingių piliakalniuose
Authors: Baltramiejūnaitė Dovilė 
Published: May 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The application of wheel-turned technology in pottery production and its development among the Baltic people is little studied yet. The current paper is based on the archaeological material from the Užnemunė (Southwestern Lithuania) hillforts, which were investigated by P. Kulikauskas in the 1960s, and seeks to discuss the tendencies of how wheel-turned pottery had developed during the 10th–14th c. The materials in question derive from the northeastern part of the Yotvingian areal. Here, the suggested classification system is based on the possibly chronologically sensitive features of the pottery. They are distinguished after a detailed analysis of the technological, morphological and decorative attributes of the pottery in question. The classificatory units of pottery are dated in accordance with the contextual material as much as possible as well as in accordance with any similarities or analogies found in the closest archaeological sites. The identified stages of the development of pottery suggest a gradual mode of change, an improvement of the wheel-turned technology and a change of the forms and decorations. Even though there still is a lack of reliable absolute dates for the full reconstruction of the development of wheel-turned pottery in the northeastern Yotvingian areal, it is expected that a systematic approach to the material will lead to further studies and deeper knowledge.