bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing (Mal)adaptive Responses to Natural Disasters: The Case of Hurricane Matthew
Authors: Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Feygina Irina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate-related disasters are on the rise, with a 44% increase between 1994 and 2013, and the population at risk is ever growing. The need to help people protect their well-being, families, and homes is of utmost importance. We surveyed individuals impacted by Hurricane Matthew in real time in October 2016 to explore the role of mental health, self-efficacy, social support, and evacuation and attitudinal factors on disaster response. We asked, “How much do 1) evacuation-relevant factors (reported evacuation zone, awareness of risk, and source of warning); 2) attitudes (climate- and environment-related perceptions and intentions); and 3) psychosocial factors (mental health, self-efficacy, and social support) contribute to engagement in protective behaviors (evacuation and preparation)?” We found 1) greater immediate exposure to risk increases protective behaviors; 2) climate and environmental concern increase preparation, but not evacuation; and 3) people with greater mental health and self-efficacy respond in ways commensurate with risk, taking protective actions if they live within a reported evacuation zone and not if they are not at risk, while those with lower mental health and self-efficacy do not respond in line with risks. These findings paint a complex picture of disaster response and suggest that preparedness efforts need to go beyond simple policy prescriptions (e.g., mandated evacuations) or improved messaging toward a focus on developing comprehensive programs that build human capital and provide people with psychological and social resources in advance of, during, and after an extreme weather event.
Method for measurement of serum copper, zinc and selenium using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on the PICOFOX analyser: Validation and comparison with atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Jeffery Jinny , Frank Amy R , Hockridge Stephanie , Stosnach Hagen , Costelloe Seán J 
Published: July 2018

Background Total reflection X-ray fluorescence is a comparably new method for the measurement of trace elements in biological samples. Methods Results obtained by total reflection X-ray fluorescence were compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy for Cu and Zn and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Cu, Zn and Se in patient serum. The total reflection X-ray fluorescence assay was characterized for accuracy; recovery; intra- and inter-assay imprecision (using patients’ samples, external quality assurance and quality control materials); limit of blank; limit of detection; linearity; interference and stability of prepared samples. Results Minimal sample preparation is required for total reflection X-ray fluorescence and simultaneous multi-elemental analysis is possible in clinical samples. There was a small positive bias for Cu and Zn measurements using total reflection X-ray fluorescence compared to atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and a significant negative bias for Se measurements by total reflection X-ray fluorescence relative to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Recovery, imprecision and linearity were acceptable. The limit of detection was shown to be 1.2  μmol/L for serum Cu, 1.8  μmol/L for serum Zn and 0.2  μmol/L for serum Se. Conclusions Measurement of Cu and Zn in serum samples using total reflection X-ray fluorescence would be a viable alternative to atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The volatility of some Se compounds results in lower Se results being reported using total reflection X-ray fluorescence and further work would be necessary to identify whether total reflection X-ray fluorescence has an acceptable clinical sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of Se deficiency. Measurement of copper, zinc and selenium on whole blood samples is possible using total reflection X-ray fluorescence which may provide a more accurate assessment of trace element deficiency for patients with an acute phase response.
On-Road Evaluation of In-vehicle Interface Characteristics and Their Effects on Performance of Visual Detection on the Road and Manual Entry
Authors: Suh Youngbo , Ferris Thomas K. 
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study investigated the impact of in-vehicle interface characteristics on drivers’ multitasking performance measures relating to visual attention management, concerning the distraction potential of in-vehicle touchscreens. Background: Compared with physical controls providing drivers with naturalistic nonvisual cues, in-vehicle touchscreen interaction relies on vision to a greater extent, leading to more time with eyes off the road and concerns for safety. Little is known from existing research about the extent to which synthetic feedback of in-vehicle touchscreens support visual attention of multitasking drivers, while automakers are increasingly incorporating nondriving functions into in-vehicle touchscreens. Method: Twenty-nine participants drove an instrumented vehicle on a closed course and acknowledged visual probes obscured on the roadside, while performing a manual data entry task with input interfaces mounted on the center console. The interfaces differed by interface type, key feedback modality, and key size; the configuration of interface characteristics was the within-subject variable. The collected data include performance measures concerning visual detection and touchscreen interaction, in addition to perceived workload. Results: The addition of nonvisual feedback to touchscreen interaction significantly improved accuracy and promptness of visual detection. No significant difference was found between different sizes of touchscreen keys when synthetic nonvisual feedback was available. Given multisensory feedback, no measure showed a difference between touchscreen conditions and a physical keypad. Conclusion: The provision of synthetic nonvisual feedback to touchscreen interaction can support visual attention and enhance multitasking performance in driving. Application: This study can inform in-vehicle interface designers and policy makers concerned with distracted driving and safety.
Linguistic adaptation and psychometric properties of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale among a heterogeneous sample of adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Kilincaslan Ayse , Gunes Adem , Eskin Mehmet , Madan Alok 
Published: July 2018

Objective The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale is a semistructured, interview-based assessment tool, which is increasingly being used for clinical and research purposes across the globe, despite its limited psychometric evaluation outside of English-speaking populations. The aim of this study was to linguistically adapt the measure and investigate reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Turkish version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale in a heterogeneous sample of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric outpatient adolescents. Method The study included four clinical groups: two psychiatric, nonsuicidal outpatient groups (depression group (N = 50) and nondepression group (N = 50)), suicidal group (N = 43), and nonpsychiatric general practitioners’ group (N = 70). All participants were interviewed with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale and suicidality module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents. They also completed the Suicide Probability Scale, Child Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and their parents filled in the Child Behavior Checklist. Results The scale was found to be a solidly reliable measure with good internal consistency and agreement among interviewers. It correlated in the expected direction with self- and parent-report measures of associated constructs (e.g., depression) as well as suicidality. Consistent with the developers’ intent of theoretical subscales, a three-factor solution (i.e., the severity of suicidal ideation, the intensity of suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior) fit the data well, and it fit the data significantly better than the alternative models. Last, the Turkish Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale successfully discriminated the adolescents with a recent history of suicide attempts from other clinical groups. Conclusion The Turkish version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to assess suicide risk among adolescents.
Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment for treatment of paediatric lichen sclerosus: a case series and literature review
Authors: Mazzilli Sara , Diluvio Laura , Di Prete Monia , Rossi Piero , Orlandi Augusto , Bianchi Luca , Campione Elena 
Published: July 2018

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the usefulness and tolerability of topical tacrolimus in paediatric vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS). We examined whether there was improvement of the most problematic symptoms, such as itching, pain, and vulvar constipation. Methods Ten girls, aged from 4 to 9 years old who were affected by vulvar LS, were enrolled in an open clinical study to confirm the efficacy of tacrolimus 0.03% ointment to treat LS. Tacrolimus was applied twice a day for 6 weeks and then stopped during the follow-up period. The study duration included 6 weeks of treatment and 6 weeks of follow-up. A literature search of the PubMed (MEDLINE) database was conducted of reports published since 1 January, 2004. Results Our study and previous studies indicated the potential effectiveness of tacrolimus in LS. Treatment with topical tacrolimus was well tolerated with significant improvement of itching, pain, and constipation. Conclusion Tacrolimus may be a safe and effective alternative treatment, without the risk of corticosteroid-related vulvar atrophy, for paediatric vulvar LS. LS could become a further indication of topical tacrolimus therapy if these promising results are confirmed in the future.
Medial versus lateral approach to harvesting of anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Xie Ren-Guo 
Published: July 2018

Objective This study was performed to evaluate two classic procedures guided by anatomic markers for harvesting the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap: one began with an incision on the lateral side to identify perforators emerging from the muscle to the superficial tissue and to track the perforators upward to the upper stem vessel, and the other began with an incision on the medial side to identify the vessel branch from the stem artery and to track it downward to the flap perforators. Methods Twenty-eight consecutive patients with tissue defects repaired with ALT flaps were investigated; 13 and 15 patients underwent the lateral and medial incision technique, respectively. The surgeon’s subjective view regarding procedural difficulty and the operative times were statistically analyzed. Results All flaps were harvested successfully. A two-paddle flap from one thigh in the medial group failed due to necrosis; all others survived completely. Subjectively, harvesting of flaps starting with a lateral incision was somewhat difficult, and the operative time was significantly longer using the lateral technique. Conclusions Classic procedures to harvest the anterolateral thigh flap are still practicable, and starting with a medial incision is more efficient than starting with a lateral incision. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic IV.
Enteroplication in cats with intussusception: a retrospective study (2001–2016)
Authors: Haider Georg , Leschnik Katharina , Katic Nikola , Dupré Gilles 
Published: July 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to report complications, as well as short- and long-term clinical outcomes of cats suffering from surgically reduced intussusception with and without enteroplication. Methods Medical records of cats presented at our institution with intussusception between 2001 and 2016 were reviewed. The following data were retrieved: signalment; history; physical examination; diagnostic imaging, surgical and histological findings; and outcomes. Animals were grouped as with or without enteroplication. Duration of surgery, survival, complication and recurrence rates, duration of hospitalisation, and short- and long-term outcomes were compared. Results Cats with intussusception presented with unspecific type and duration of clinical signs. Male or male castrated cats and Maine Coons were over-represented in both groups. Enteroplication was performed in 48% (10/21) of the cats. Cats in the enteroplication group were significantly younger than those in the non-enteroplication group ( P = 0.023). Duration of surgery, time of hospitalisation, complication rate and outcomes did not differ between the two groups. Two complications in the short term and one complication in the long term were possibly associated with enteroplication. A recurrence of intussusception was seen in 2/17 cats approximately 12 months after initial surgery, both previously treated with enteroplication. Conclusions and relevance Although the number of cases was limited, our results suggest that enteroplication should be cautiously performed in cats with intussusception as it may be associated with major complications in the short and long term, and its efficacy remains unclear. Based on this study, the need for enteroplication in cats following a correction of intussusception could be questioned.
Cannulation with sharp or blunt needles for haemodialysis: The importance of cannulation technique for the patient’s lifeline
Authors: Staaf Karin , Uhlin Fredrik 
Published: July 2018

Background: Haemodialysis requires a vascular access, most commonly an arteriovenous fistula, which many patients consider a lifeline. It is important to select a cannulation technique assuring a low number of complications. Buttonhole cannulation using sharp needles is a common technique, but information is scarce regarding its long-term consequences. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the choice of cannulation technique – buttonhole with sharp or blunt needles – affected the development of arteriovenous fistula complications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records from 2008 to 2015, including 49 patients and 52 AVFs. We compared the complications in patients cannulated with the buttonhole technique using sharp needles versus blunt needles. Results: The recorded complications were grouped into major and everyday complications. Although major complications were not significantly more frequent with sharp needles than with blunt needles, there were higher numbers of bleedings between dialyses with sharp needles. In addition, everyday complications (e.g. infiltration, oozing and large scabs) were significantly more frequent with sharp needles than blunt needles. Moreover, patients with multiple everyday complications had a higher probability of experiencing a major complication with sharp needles. Conclusion: More frequent cannulation with blunt needles can reduce the rate of everyday complications. This practice may additionally reduce patient suffering and the incidence of major complications.
Developing Leaders for International Baccalaureate World Schools
Authors: Calnin Gerard , Waterson Mark , Richards Sue , Fisher Darlene 
Published: July 2018

A significant corpus of research now consistently confirms that school leadership is the second most important in-school variable to impact on student outcomes. Investing in leaders and aspiring leaders is therefore an imperative for schools and school systems. However, much of the educational leadership research emerges from national systems of education, with a largely Western set of norms and assumptions. To what extent, it can be asked, are the attributes and capabilities described in the literature applicable on a more universal or global scale? A paucity of research addresses this question and explores educational leadership in trans-national and multi-cultural settings. The International Baccalaureate (IB), with its 4500 schools in more than 135 countries, has responded to the challenge of developing leaders for its schools (known as IB World Schools). Regardless of the strength of research within particular national or cultural contexts, the IB’s complex and globally dispersed school network means that leaders cannot be expected to follow a single model or paradigm of leadership practice. The IB acknowledges that effective leadership takes into account the environment within which leaders work. At the heart of an IB school leader’s challenge is to develop strong capabilities in cultural and contextual awareness, as well as a deep understanding of the types of leadership practices that have the best chance of maximising student and organisational outcomes in different contexts. The IB has developed a distinctive leadership programme to support IB leaders and build their capabilities in these vital areas. This paper outlines the contexts, research and theorising that has led to the IB leadership professional development programme. It also presents the aims, guiding principles and key features, inclusive of the key capabilities and intelligences that are the core components of the learning and development experience. The question raised at the conclusion of this paper is: to what extent are these capabilities applicable for leaders not only in IB World Schools but in schools more widely?
Immunizations in Athletes
Authors: Boston Christopher D. , Bryan Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2018

Context: Immunizations are a cornerstone of preventive care and an important consideration for team physicians caring for athletes. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search was performed from August 2016 through May 2017 as well as a website review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and Immunization Action Coalition. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: By keeping abreast of diseases endemic to nations to which athletes may be traveling as well as the vaccination status of the athletes, team physicians can provide appropriate advice regarding immunization and prevention of disease. Conclusion: There are a host of regularly updated reliable websites to assist the team physician in these recommendations.
Association between a national primary care pay-for-performance scheme and suicide rates in England: spatial cohort study
Authors: Grigoroglou Christos , Munford Luke , Webb Roger T. , Kapur Nav , Doran Tim , Ashcroft Darren M. , Kontopantelis Evangelos 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPay-for-performance policies aim to improve population health by incentivising improvements in quality of care.AimsTo assess the relationship between general practice performance on severe mental illness (SMI) and depression indicators under a national incentivisation scheme and suicide risk in England for the period 2006–2014.MethodLongitudinal spatial analysis for 32 844 small-area geographical units (lower super output areas, LSOAs), using population-structure adjusted numbers of suicide as the outcome variable. Negative binomial models were fitted to investigate the relationship between spatially estimated recorded quality of care and suicide risk at the LSOA level. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were adjusted for deprivation, social fragmentation, prevalence of depression and SMI as well as other 2011 Census variables.ResultsNo association was found between practice performance on the mental health indicators and suicide incidence in practice localities (IRR=1.000, 95% CI 0.998–1.002). IRRs indicated elevated suicide risks linked with area-level social fragmentation (1.030; 95% CI 1.027–1.034), deprivation (1.013, 95% CI 1.012–1.014) and rurality (1.059, 95% CI 1.027–1.092).ConclusionsPrimary care has an important role to play in suicide prevention, but we did not observe a link between practices' higher reported quality of care on incentivised mental health activities and lower suicide rates in the local population. It is likely that effective suicide prevention needs a more concerted, multiagency approach. Better training in suicide prevention for general practitioners is also essential. These findings pertain to the UK but have relevance to other countries considering similar programmes.Declaration of interestNone.
CNS Efficacy of Osimertinib in Patients With T790M-Positive Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Data From a Randomized Phase III Trial (AURA3)
Authors: Wu Yi-Long , Ahn Myung-Ju , Garassino Marina Chiara , Han Ji-Youn , Katakami Nobuyuki , Kim Hye Ryun , Hodge Rachel , Kaur Paramjit , Brown Andrew P. , Ghiorghiu Dana , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. , Mok Tony S.K. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose In patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) mutation–positive advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is an unmet need for EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitors with improved CNS penetration and activity against CNS metastases, either at initial diagnosis or time of progression. We report the first comparative evidence of osimertinib CNS efficacy versus platinum-pemetrexed from a phase III study (AURA3; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02151981) in patients with EGFR T790M–positive advanced NSCLC who experience disease progression with prior EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Methods Patients with asymptomatic, stable CNS metastases were eligible for enrollment and were randomly assigned 2:1 to osimertinib 80 mg once daily or platinum-pemetrexed. A preplanned subgroup analysis was conducted in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions on baseline brain scan by blinded independent central neuroradiological review. The CNS evaluable for response set included only patients with one or more measurable CNS lesions. The primary objective for this analysis was CNS objective response rate (ORR). Results Of 419 patients randomly assigned to treatment, 116 had measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions, including 46 patients with measurable CNS lesions. At data cutoff (April 15, 2016), CNS ORR in patients with one or more measurable CNS lesions was 70% (21 of 30; 95% CI, 51% to 85%) with osimertinib and 31% (5 of 16; 95% CI, 11% to 59%) with platinum-pemetrexed (odds ratio, 5.13; 95% CI, 1.44 to 20.64; P = .015); the ORR was 40% (30 of 75; 95% CI, 29% to 52%) and 17% (7 of 41; 95% CI, 7% to 32%), respectively, in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions (odds ratio, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.33 to 8.81; P = .014). Median CNS duration of response in patients with measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesions was 8.9 months (95% CI, 4.3 months to not calculable) for osimertinib and 5.7 months (95% CI, 4.4 to 5.7 months) for platinum-pemetrexed; median CNS progression-free survival was 11.7 months and 5.6 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.69; P = .004). Conclusion Osimertinib demonstrated superior CNS efficacy versus platinum-pemetrexed in T790M-positive advanced NSCLC.
Patronage and Seigneurial Authority in Early Modern Alsace
Authors: Lazer Stephen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHistorians have for decades studied how the French monarchy used patronage to increase its influence over newly conquered and distant provinces in the early modern period. However, provincial elites too had access to patronage that they could use to both resist French authority and cement their own. This article examines how the dukes of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld maintained the primacy of their seigneurial administrations and could thus also use patronage powers to check French authority. Case studies show that the dukes initially suffered from the intervention of French provincial patrons in their seigneurial appointments. After securing their position in Alsace, however, the dukes protected their autonomy by rejecting others' candidates. Having resisted French patronage, the dukes demonstrated their importance further by pushing their own candidates onto the provincial administration.