bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Sinter Braze Ferrous Powder Metallurgy to Wrought Substrates by Ancorbraze 72 Filler Metal Alloy
Authors: Falih Doaa A. , Hashim Fadhil A. , Hussein Sabah Kh. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Brazing processes were carried out using a Ancorbraze 72 and BAg8 fillers alloy, and furnace with Argon gas, characterization of the final joint is supported with optical microscopy, SEM, EDS and Hardness tests. This research is focused on the two steps, the first step is preparing the samples from powder metallurgy of pure Fe, Ni and Fe, Ni alloys. Second step, brazing these samples. Finally, experimental illustrated that BAg8 filler metal was not suitable for protact brazing due to its narrow melting range while protact brazing was suitable for Ancorbraze 72. The Ancobraze filler metal alloy contains boron, silicon elements make affinity for iron and nickel to make joint. It seem that the iron base metal joint more affinity to make a joint with respect to the selected filler metal (nickel, copper, manganic, silicon and boron). This positive effect was obtained due to the effect of Ancorbraze 72 filler metal elements and the distribution of these elements in the joined powder matallurage (P/M) samples after brazing processes.
Experimental Study of a Rectangular Storage Solar Collector with a numerical analysis
Authors: Ahmed Omer K. , Daoud Raid W. , Mahmood Omer T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article, a practical and numerical assessment was accomplished on a rectangular storage collector to be used for household purposes. This design can be utilized as a water reservoir to substitute the classical reservoirs generally utilized in Iraq to achieve two goals are heating and storing water together. The experiment shows that the maximum temperature rise through this collector was about 10.5 °C at 3 p.m. An experiment with a continuous flow of working fluid was also conducted. Experiment results show that the outlet water temperature of 28 °C is reached about 1 p.m. and diminished after this time. Performance results showed that the ratio of sunlit area to storage volume is an important parameter affecting the performance of this design of integrated solar collector. This ratio should be more than 12 to provide a suitable amount of warm water in the winter season. The performance of the rectangular storage collector was, broadly, identical to the performance of the classical solar heaters. The free convection phenomenon in the enclosure of the rectangular collector was investigated by using the Fluent program. There is a good correlation between the Fluent data and the experimental results obtained from the experiments.
Study the Effect of Addition nano-TiO2 by Dispersion Method on the Some Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cement Mortar
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J. , Al-Jadiri Rand Salih , Wahab Ali Manolia Abed AL 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main aim of this study consists of the influence of nano-particle on some mechanical properties of cement mortar with and without nano particles replacement mortar was experimentally studied. The nano-particle used in this study was nano-Titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) with the particle size of 30nm.This study involves the mixing method of nano-materials addition and interventions with cement mortar behavior for many mortar samples under variable curing time with constant (W/C = 0.45). Some mechanical properties like (specific compressive strength, split tensile strength and water absorption tests) was studied. In this study the main parameters depend include the small amount replacement ratio of nano-particle (nano-TiO2) and dispersion methods with respect to the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) type (I). The percentage of nano-material replacement on the mixture of cement mortar includes (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 3%) for nano-materials with constant W/C ratio and also the amount of the fine aggregate use 2.75 from the amount of cement. The results show that, the strength of the mortar consist 1% and 1.5% TiO2 nano-particles are desired than traditional mortar. The results show that, the strength of the mortar consists of with ultrasonic dispersion of colloidal nano materials give better properties than reference specimens in all test. But the Nano-Titanium dioxide - materials give good properties up to 1.5%.
Numerical study of drilling fluids pressure drop in wellbores with pipe rotation
Authors: Flayh Sara J , Sultan Hussein S , Alshara Ahmed K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Determining of the pressure loss is very complicated task in the petroleum drilling industry. In the present study the effect of different drilling muds flowing inside rotating pipe and exist from an annuals investigated. The effect of rotating speed and inlet speed. The flow is turbulent, steady and 3D with non-Newtonian fluid. The governing equations (continuity and momentum) are solved numerically using CFD with fluent soft package. The results are presented as : stream line, contours, pressure drop and wall shear stress. The results show that pressure drop is decreased when pipe rotational speed increase. slight increasing in shear stress at pipe rotating speed less than 200 rpm for same inlet velocity. Moreover, remarkable shear stress increasing can be observed as the rotational speed equal to or higher than 200 rpm.
Influence of Adding CuO and MoS2 Nano-particles to Castor Oil and Moulding Oil on Tribological Properties
Authors: Sattar Noori Asmaa Abdul , Hussein Haidar Akram , Namer Nasri S. M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The tribological properties of adding copper oxide (CuO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles powder in both organic (castor oil) and mineral oil (moulding oil) were investigated. These properties include coefficient of friction and wear between two surfaces, CK50 steel alloy and 2024-T4 aluminum alloy. The Nano lubricants were prepared by dispersing CuO and MoS2 nanoparticle powders at variable weight fractions 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0% in each oil lubricant. The friction and wear tests were carried out using a pin on the disk test principle by the vertical universal friction testing machine (MMW-1A). The instability problem with the lubricant suspension was solved by adding different weight fractions of GUM ARABIC, which leads to 2% of it gives more stable suspensions. The best results from both friction and wear Tribo tests are observed in 1%W of adding both nanoparticles to both oil lubricants. The formation of Tribo film due to the adsorption and adherence of Nano additives on the surfaces was responsible in reducing the wear properties. Hybrid (1%Wt CuO + 1Wt% MoS2) nanoparticles that added to both oils indicates more decreasing in friction and wear compared to the base oil. The coefficient of friction for hybrid Nano-particulate lubricants reduced to 81.7% and 76.03%, while the wear rate reduced to 93.17% and 92.23% compared to castor oil and moulding oil respectively as a base oil. The study provides insights into how Nano-lubricant additives could contribute towards tribological enhancement and improved product quality.
The Behavior of Dry Sliding Wear for Aluminium Bronze Alloy Reinforced by Al2O3 and TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ajeel Sami A. , Yaseen Rabiha S. , Keqal Asaad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this investigation deals with a dry sliding wear of Aluminium bronze alloy reinforced by nanoparticles of α-Al2O3 and Rutile-TiO2. Stir casting method was used by induction furnace to increase wettability between nanoparticles and melting matrix. The copper base alloys reinforced with different percentages of (1.5 and 3 weight percent) of nanoparticles α-Al2O3 and Rutile-TiO2 separately and together. These samples were tested to investigate wear behaviour, using Ball-on-Disc technique, and examined with some variables of wear parameters, such as applied load, and rotational speed with a fixed time of 20 minutes. The Scanning Electron Microscope was used to study the effect of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles on the topography of worn surfaces of samples. The hardness values were increased to 227.6 Hv after addition equal amounts of 3%wt Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The friction coefficient increases to 0.71 when a load of 20 N and it decreases when a rotational speed increases. The wear rate of alloy decreases to (1.38×10-7 g/cm) when added equal amounts of 1.5%wt Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles under the best condition at 20 N, 300 rpm and 20 minutes. While the wear rate becomes (1.17×10-7 g/cm) when adding equal amounts 3wt% of the Al2O3 and TiO2. The microstructure of the worm surface showed the reduction in delamination occurs due to enhancing in the wear resistance of alloys and improve the hardness of alloys by nanoparticles reinforcement.
Copper Thin Film Deposited By PVD on Aluminum AA4015 Substrate for Thermal Solar Application
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed J. , Sukkar Khalid A. , Abbas Ahmed S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The copper nanoparticles (CuNP) films have been deposited on Aluminum-4015 substrate by PVD technique. Structural of thin film layer achieved have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). While the chemical composition percentage of the multilayers (Zn-Ni) combined with thin layer and substrate evaluated via ED-XRF, other characterization likes surface morphology have been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FESM and AFM. Optical properties especially thermal absorption was measured in the UV/Vis range. The effect of coating parameter like time coating resulting different thickness thin film (50,100 and 150) nm deposited on Aluminum substrate have been studied and the influence on optical properties. SEM analysis and AFM results show that prepared films were denser with nanosize grains between (26-54) nm. Also, XRD results show nano copper was the main chemical component in the films. The films prepared by this technique have better optical properties like good absorption ranged between (87%-97%). Decreasing the emittance and increase the absorption leads finally achieve a good selectivity coating using in the solar thermal application.
Influence of shot peening on bending forces for MIG dissimilar welding joint aluminum alloys
Authors: Hassan Khairia Salman , Hanash Khalil Esmail , Razooqi Ahmed Ibrahim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of MIG welding method was investigated on bending quality for two aluminum alloys (2024-T3 and 6061-T6) which were joint together and metal inert gas (MIG) has been implemented on plate to get butt joints weldments in dimensions of (200 x 50 x 10) mm, a ready angle of 60 ° in V shape and square weld joint. The symbol of filler metal is ER-4043(Al-Si5), and argon has been used as a shield gas. The welded joints were exposed to X-ray radiography and faulty pieces were expected Welding joint were exposed to heat treatment in the furnace up to 190 °C for an hour then the test specimens were cooled by air to relieve welding stress. Welded and base specimens were machined into dimensions agreeing to the ASTM (E 190-92) bending standard. number of these specimens were exposed to a shot peening technique at a time (15) minutes using steel ball at a diameter of 1.25 mm. microstructure examination and Vickers hardness test were carry out. Results show a general decay in bending qualities of MIG weld joint compared with unwedded joints, and in the disparate joint unite with original metal due to the change of the microstructure during the welding process. Shot peening contributed to improving the bending strength of V and square weld joints with a percentage of 48% and 71 %, respectively.
Neural Networks for Synchronous Generator Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Nashee Asaad F , Herez Atheer H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fault Diagnosis is play vital rule in the industrial applications and machine drives for the fault analysis (FA) and predicting the level of severity to optimise maintenance and improve reliability. Early detection of faults in the supervised process renders it possible to perform important preventative actions. In this paper, fault diagnosis of stator and rotor windings using field current as fault indicator. Static neural network (NN) has been implemented as fault classifier under different operating conditions. The results obtained from the real time simulation demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed methodology. The detection and identification of faults in accurately way ensure the importance of the neural networks in the fault diagnosis field.
Modeling and simulation of electrolyte pH change in conventional ISFET using commercial Silvaco TCAD
Authors: Dinar Ahmed M. , Mohd Zain AS , Salehuddin F. , Attiah Mothana L. , Abdulhameed M.K. , Mohsen Mowafak k. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a numerical simulation approach to study the electrolyte pH change of ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) structures using Silvaco technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tools. This paper examines the ISFET device’s electrical response to electrolyte pH change. The modeling method is exploited by changing the potential surface charge depending on the electrolyte pH change and investigating how will it cause threshold voltage shift of ISFET device and other transfer characteristic parameters. The properties of a user-defined material offered by Silvaco are exploited to simulate the electrolyte behavior. The parameters of silicon semiconductor material (i.e., energy bandgap, permittivity, affinity, and density of states) are set to reconstruct an electrolyte solution. The electrostatic solution of the electrolyte area is investigated by giving a numerical solution for the semiconductor equation inside this area. Results show excellent agreement between theoretical model and self-consistency TCAD model. Additionally, transfer characteristics of a conventional ISFET device are simulated. The ID current as a function of the reference voltage VRef. and drain voltage VD for different pH scale and ID current as a function of VDS for different VRef. values for specific pH value are simulated. The proposed model allows accurate and efficient ISFET modeling by trying different designs and further optimization with commercial Silvaco TCAD tools rather than expensive fabrication.
Optimal Sizing and Location of DG Units for Enhancing Voltage Profile and Minimizing Real Power Losses in the Radial Power Systems Based on PSO Technique
Authors: Al-Tameemi Zaid H. , Neda Omar Muhammed , Jumaa Fadhel A. , Al-Mamoori Dalya H. , Aljanabi Mohanad H. , Jasim Jasim Mohmed 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Distributed generation (DG) units have an important number of economic, environmental and technical features, which can contribute to the improvement of the reliability and security of the electric grid. However, all benefits that mentioned before cannot be maximised and enhanced unless the best sizing and position of distributed generation units are accurately determined. The arbitrary placement of DG units can lead to negative influences on the electrical networks. A noteworthy number of methods have been suggested to compute the optimal sizing and position of Distributed generation (DG) units in distribution networks. However, some of them focused on an analytical approach to estimate the optimum allocation of DG units in the radial distribution networks. Indeed, although this method was considered both constant and variable loads, as well as this method, overcome the problem of convergence, but the optimal sizing of DG units was not considered. The main intention of this study is to improve a technique that based on an intelligent algorithm for optimal planning and operation of DG technologies to minimise the real power losses, boost the voltage profile and enhance the overall reliability. IEEE Node-15 system has been taken to perform this study based on a MATLAB environment.in a single paragraph.
An Optimal FACTS Device Allocation for Improving the Power Loss Factors in IEEE 9 Bus System
Authors: Dawood Mustafa N , Abd Jameel K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with power quality improvement by using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and Second Generation of FACTS Static Compensator (STATCOM) according to change of the reactive and real power of the load, a suitable high response compensator is needed. UPFC, (Thyristor controlled tap changer) TCTC, (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) TCSC, SSSC, STATCOM and SVC are the compensators belonging to FACTS devices. this paper used UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller), STATCOM (Static Compensator) and static synchronous Series compensator (SSSC). there are three such compensators belonging to FACTS devices. Models for the UPFC, SSSC, and STATCOM are analysis using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results of nine bus system with UPFC, SSSC, and STATCOM are presented. MATLAB codes are utilized for the implementation of the three FACTS devices in the Newton – Raphson algorithm. Power flow control was evaluated for nine bus system.
OFDM based FFT compared with OFDM based wavelet transform
Authors: Zayer Wael H , Kateeb Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent year the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing widely used in wireless communication system, the conventional structure of OFDM used Inverse Fast Fourier Transform for modulation and multiplexing the data at the transmitter side and used Fast Fourier Transform at the receiver to demodulation and demultiplexing the data. In this paper, Inverse Wavelet Transform IWT used in transmitter instead of IFFT and Wavelet Transform WT in receiver side instead of FFT and compared between two methods with different noise in the AWGN channel. The performance found by bit error rate BER. Also different modulation scheme have been used (16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM and 128-QAM) and different types of wavelet filters Daubechies (Db-3, Db-5, Db-8, Db-10) and Haar filter. to compare between them and find which achieved better performance.
Study on known models of NB-IoT Applications in Iraqi environments
Authors: Jaber Tanya Abdulsattar , Hussein Mohammed AbdulRidha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Internet of things (IoT) considerably changes connectivity requirements, in particular concerning longer battery life, lower device costs, lower deployment costs, increased support and coverage for a lot of devices. Starting from those necessities, numerous various cellular and non-cellular low power WAN which could be abbreviated to (LPWAN) solutions emerged lately and are challenging for business related to IoT and the general market of connectivity. Therefore, in this study, Narrowband IoT main characteristics are explained, as well as, the suitability for different IoT applications in smart cities industry. The Narrowband IoT, which could be abbreviated to (NB-IoT), is known as a LPWAN technology of radio criterion which was presented for enabling the connections of various services and devices with the use of cellular tele-communication bands. NB-IoT can be defined as a narrow band radio technology that was created for internet of things (IoT) which is considered as a wide area of Mobile internet of things (MIoT) techniques which were published as a standard through 3GPP (third Generation Partnership Project), applications for NB-IoT could be very wide range and different topics, within this paper suggested NB-IoT applicable models for application in Iraqi environment to solve many problems (Smart white goods, Smart logistics, Smart electricity metering and Smart street lighting). These models based on NB-IoT technologies which are not yet provided by communications providers in Iraq (zain, Asia, korek).
COD removal from disperse blue dye 79 in wastewater by using Ozone-Fenton process
Authors: Mohammed A. E , Hamed H H , Alabdraba W M Sh , Ali O M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, one of the major problems that can face humankind is the water pollution. In this regard, making this natural resource a fresh and unpolluted is a major social and economic concern. However, a great attention has been given for the removal of organic pollutants discharged within wastewater by using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on generation hydroxyl radicals. Among these, Ozone-Fenton (O3/H2O2/Fe2+) process used in this study as AOPs to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from Disperse Blue 79 (DB 79) dye in wastewater. Also, the effect of various experimental parameters such as ozone mass flow rate, mole ratio (mole H2O2/mole Fe2+), and reaction time on the COD removal efficiency of DB 79 were studied with constant initial concentration 60 mg/L of DB 79. Based on the results obtained in this study, the maximum COD removal efficiency was 85% achieved at optimum operating parameters are 288 mg/L. h ozone mass flow rate, 33.53 mole ratio (150 mg/L H2O2, 20 mg/L Fe2+), and 60 min reaction time. All Ozone-Fenton experiments were performed using Jar test apparatus at room temperature (23°C ∓ 2) and atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Finally, Ozone-Fenton offered an effective solution as AOPs for degrading pollutant especially DB 79 discharged within wastewater from various industrial processes.
Chlorine concentration-time (C-T) plot for Echhornia Crassipes in water
Authors: Hassan Ghanim , Al-Moameri Harith H. , Ismail Alhassan H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Eichhornia, or water hyacinth represents a serious threat to potable water basins. This problem is materialized majorly in consuming large amounts of water and dissolved Oxygen that is necessary for aquatic life, and minorly in hindering water streams. Even there are limited trials to overcome such pests, none of them presents an acceptable solution economically and logically. Chlorine is a well-known biocide and broadly used in water industry. It could give a possible method to fight such weed. To investigate that, concentration-time plot should be introduced similar to any other microorganisms; especially, bacteria in water. In this work, various doses of Chlorine along various time periods were examined as an introductory to prescribe an adequate method to deal with such water disaster which can severely attack water resources.
Systems of the self-driving vehicle
Authors: Vdovin D S , Khrenov I O 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article describes the basic systems of a self-driving vehicle distinguishing it from a conventional car under the control of the driver. The requirements for such systems are formulated, a number of tasks to be solved for each system is described, the interaction of these systems as a part of the design of a self-driving vehicle is described. A classification of types of self-driving control systems is proposed.
Driver assistance systems: analysis, tests and the safety case. ISO 26262 and ISO PAS 21448
Authors: Kirovskii O M , Gorelov V A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Modern automotive system must comply with strict safety requirements. This paper focuses on two aspects of safety: functional safety per ISO 26262 (FS) and the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) per ISO PAS 21448. The FS encompasses a lifecycle ensuring the absence of unreasonable risks due to internal failures of the system. SOTIF concentrates on non-deterministic parts and algorithms (e.g. neural networks), as full specification of their performance is out of reach now. At the same time, FS and its lifecycle are better known to the community and have better history of implementation. This paper presents an approach to integration of FS and SOTIF requirements based on FS lifecycle.
Test bench development for signal registration in millimeter wave automotive radars
Authors: Valuyskiy D V , Panarina A A , Vityazev S V , Vityazev V V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A development of a bench for automotive radar signals registration and analysis is considered in this paper. The bench is based on the AWR1642boost evaluation module with 77 GHz carrying frequency. Supporting software is developed to help signal analysis and reflection model creation. The bench aims an investigation of signal reflection properties from some specific types of obstacles and the development of the reflection mathematical models.