bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity Claims- Making in a Transnational Space of Mobilization: The Intersections of Gender and Ethnicity
Authors: Agustín Lise Rolandsen 
Published: August 2018

Diversity Claims-Making in a Transnational Space of Mobilization: The Intersections of Gender and Ethnicity Various organisations mobilise at the transnational, European level around gender and ethnicity issues, setting forward demands both by and on behalf of ethnic minority and migrant women. The organisations deal with diversity in terms of gender and ethnicity in different ways, but they all influence and are influenced by the EU framework. The intersectional nature of their diversity demands makes it necessary to combine particularistic claims regarding identity and European belonging with universal claims to human rights, citizenship and inclusion. The claimsmaking of the organisations is characterised by this complexity due to the transnational, multilevel nature of the demands, on one hand, and their intersectional features, on the other.
Fine-scale differentiation between Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus group signatures in metagenome shotgun data
Authors: Petit III Robert A. , Hogan James M. , Ezewudo Matthew N. , Joseph Sandeep J. , Read Timothy D. 
Published: August 2018

Background
It is possible to detect bacterial species in shotgun metagenome datasets through the presence of only a few sequence reads. However, false positive results can arise, as was the case in the initial findings of a recent New York City subway metagenome project. False positives are especially likely when two closely related are present in the same sample. Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, is a high-consequence pathogen that shares >99% average nucleotide identity with Bacillus cereus group (BCerG) genomes. Our goal was to create an analysis tool that used k-mers to detect B. anthracis, incorporating information about the coverage of BCerG in the metagenome sample.

Methods
Using public complete genome sequence datasets, we identified a set of 31-mer signatures that differentiated B. anthracis from other members of the B. cereus group (BCerG), and another set which differentiated BCerG genomes (including B. anthracis) from other Bacillus strains. We also created a set of 31-mers for detecting the lethal factor gene, the key genetic diagnostic of the presence of anthrax-causing bacteria. We created synthetic sequence datasets based on existing genomes to test the accuracy of a k-mer based detection model.

Results
We found 239,503 B. anthracis-specific 31-mers (the Ba31 set), 10,183 BCerG 31-mers (the BCerG31 set), and 2,617 lethal factor k-mers (the lef31 set). We showed that false positive B. anthracis k-mers—which arise from random sequencing errors—are observable at high genome coverages of B. cereus. We also showed that there is a “gray zone” below 0.184× coverage of the B. anthracis genome sequence, in which we cannot expect with high probability to identify lethal factor k-mers. We created a linear regression model to differentiate the presence of B. anthracis-like chromosomes from sequencing errors given the BCerG background coverage. We showed that while shotgun datasets from the New York City subway metagenome project had no matches to lef31 k-mers and hence were negative for B. anthracis, some samples showed evidence of strains very closely related to the pathogen.

Discussion
This work shows how extensive libraries of complete genomes can be used to create organism-specific signatures to help interpret metagenomes. We contrast “specialist” approaches to metagenome analysis such as this work to “generalist” software that seeks to classify all organisms present in the sample and note the more general utility of a k-mer filter approach when taxonomic boundaries lack clarity or high levels of precision are required.
НЕЙТРОННЫЕ РЕФЛЕКТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПЛЕНОК ZNO, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Жакетов В.Д. , Читану Е. , Никитенко Ю.В. 
Published: August 2018

Методом нейтронной рефлектометрии исследованы текстурированные и допированные алюминием пленки ZnO. Пленки представляют собой квазипериодические структуры с периодом несколько нанометров. Пленки неоднородны в поверхностном слое толщиной 10-20 нм.
РАЗВИТИЕ НЕПРЕРЫВНО-АТОМИСТИЧЕСКОГО МЕТОДА ДЛЯ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ИОНОВ С МЕТАЛЛАМИ, "Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования"
Authors: Батгэрэл Б. , Пузынин И.В. , Пузынина Т.П. , Христов И. Г. , Христова Р. Д. , Тухлиев З.К. , Шарипов З.А. 
Published: August 2018

В работе представлено развитие непрерывно-атомистического подхода для моделирования процессов взаимодействия тяжелых ионов высоких энергий с металлами. Непрерывно-атомистическая модель описывается двумя разными классами уравнений, а именно, уравнениями теплопроводности с источником в модели термического пика и уравнениями движения материальных точек, облучаемых пучком, в модели метода молекулярной динамики. Для моделирования в рамках непрерывно-атомистической модели разработан программный комплекс. Получены результаты моделирования процессов облучения металлических мишеней тяжелыми ионами высоких энергий в зависимости от параметров функции источника и коэффициента электрон-фононного взаимодействия.
Anal canal adenocarcinoma with a late brain metastatic lesion – a case report
Authors: Imam Ashraf , Gold Daniel , Pines Guy , Pelta Arie , Mavor Eli , Idelevich Efraim , Khalayleh Harbi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHerein we present a rare case of anal canal adenocarcinoma manifesting as non-healing perianal abscess that subsequently underwent radiochemotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection for residual disease. The patient recovered, and a year later presented with a single brain metastasis. The lesion was successfully resected, and the patient is now disease free.
Impact of Neck Position on the Probability of Common Carotid Artery Puncture During Ultrasound‐Guided Stellate Ganglion Block
Authors: Park Dong Yoon , Kang Seok , Kang Hyo Jung , Choi Jun Kyu , Do Kim Jae , Yoon Joon Shik 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe carotid artery must be avoided during stellate ganglion block. However, information on optimal neck position during the ultrasound‐guided approach is limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between the target area of the procedure and the carotid artery in different neck positions.DesignObservational study.SettingTertiary university.ParticipantsA total of 30 sides of the neck from 18 healthy participants were included.MethodsAn ultrasound transducer was placed at the level of the anterior tubercle of C6 with a short‐axis view for measuring the distance from the tip of the C6 anterior tubercle to the margin of the carotid artery. The participants were first examined through ultrasonography in 3 different rotational neck positions (neutral, semicontralateral rotation, and full‐contralateral rotation), in the supine position. After changing to the lateral decubitus position, the measurement was performed again in the same 3 neck positions.Main Outcome MeasuresThe C6 anterior tubercle to carotid distance was measured with ultrasound.ResultsThe C6 anterior tubercle to carotid distance was the longest with full‐contralateral neck rotation (P < .05). The distance was longer in the semicontralateral neck rotation compared with the neutral neck position (P < .05). Supine or decubitus positions did not affect the distance.ConclusionsWe suggest that the full‐contralateral neck rotation posture in either the supine or decubitus position is most beneficial for avoiding damage to the carotid artery during the ultrasound‐guided stellate ganglion block.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
Pediatric Online Disaster Preparedness Training for Medical and Non-Medical Personnel: A Multi-Level Modeling Analysis
Authors: Pham Phung K. , Behar Solomon M. , Berg Bridget M. , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Nager Alan L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionTerrorism and natural catastrophes have made disaster preparedness a critical issue. Despite the documented vulnerabilities of children during and following disasters, gaps remain in health care systems regarding pediatric disaster preparedness. This research study examined changes in knowledge acquisition of pediatric disaster preparedness among medical and non-medical personnel at a children’s hospital who completed an online training course of five modules: planning, triage, age-specific care, disaster management, and hospital emergency code response.MethodsA multi-disciplinary team within the Pediatric Disaster Resource and Training Center at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (Los Angeles, California USA) developed an online training course. Available archival course data from July 2009 to August 2012 were analyzed through linear growth curve multi-level modeling, with module total score as the outcome (0 to 100 points), attempt as the Level 1 variable (any module could be repeated), role in the hospital (medical or non-medical) as the Level 2 variable, and attempt by role as the cross-level effect.ResultsA total of 44,115 module attempts by 5,773 course participants (3,686 medical personnel and 2,087 non-medical personnel) were analyzed. The average module total score upon first attempt across all participants ranged from 60.28 to 80.11 points, and participants significantly varied in how they initially scored. On average in the planning, triage, and age-specific care modules: total scores significantly increased per attempt across all participants (average rate of change ranged from 0.59 to 1.84 points) and medical personnel had higher total scores initially and through additional attempts (average difference ranged from 13.25 to 16.24 points). Cross-level effects were significant in the disaster management and hospital emergency code response modules: on average, total scores were initially lower among non-medical personnel compared to medical personnel, but non-medical personnel increased their total scores per attempt by 3.77 points in the disaster management module and 6.40 points in the hospital emergency code response module, while medical personnel did not improve their total scores through additional attempts.Conclusion:Medical and non-medical hospital personnel alike can acquire knowledge of pediatric disaster preparedness. Key content can be reinforced or improved through successive training in an online course.PhamPK, BeharSM, BergBM, UppermanJS, NagerAL. Pediatric online disaster preparedness training for medical and non-medical personnel: a multi-level modeling analysisPrehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(4):349–354.
The Forgotten Responders: The Ongoing Impact of 9/11 on the Ground Zero Recovery Workers
Authors: Smith Erin C. , Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the years following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (9/11; New York USA), emergency first responders began experiencing a range of physical health and psychosocial impacts. Publications documenting these tended to focus on firefighters, while emerging reports are starting to focus on other first responders, including paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and police. The objective of this research was to explore the long-term impact on another important group of 9/11 responders, the non-emergency recovery workers who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) site of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In the 16 years following 9/11, Ground Zero recovery workers have been plagued by a range of long-term physical impacts, including musculoskeletal injuries, repetitive motion injuries, gait deterioration, and respiratory disorders. Psychosocial issues include posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, insomnia, support system fatigue, and addictive and risk-taking behaviors. These findings go some way to filling the current gap in the understanding on the long-term impact of 9/11 and to provide an important testimony of the “forgotten responders” – the Ground Zero recovery workers.SmithECBurkleFMJr.The forgotten responders: the ongoing impact of 9/11 on the Ground Zero recovery workers.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(4):436–440
Moral Rationalism and Demandingness in Kant
Authors: van Ackeren Marcel , Sticker Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe discuss Kant’s conception of moral rationalism from the viewpoint of recent debates, which have distinguished different forms of moral rationalism. We argue that Kant’s version, ‘silencing’, is different and stronger than currently held versions of moral rationalism and that it also differs from versions of silencing that contemporary thinkers advocate. We then discuss Kant’s version of silencing in the context of the moral demandingness debate and argue that silencing can make a perfect duty very demanding. However, it is important that whilst in cases of conflict between duty and personal happiness the normative standing of the latter is silenced, silencing does not require that agents do all they can in the case of imperfect duties. We finally indicate the kind of latitude imperfect duties allow for, according to Kant’s strong form of moral rationalism.
Logicism and Formal Necessity: Reflections on Kant’s Modal Metaphysics
Authors: Van Cleve James 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLogicism is Stang’s name for the Leibnizian doctrine that all necessary truths are derivable from identities and definitions. Stang shows that the early Kant opposed this doctrine because he thought the proposition God exists was a counterexample to it; I raise some non-theological counterexamples as well. Formal necessity is the necessity that attaches to a proposition when its truth is grounded in our categories and forms of intuition. Stang treats it as one of several sui generis kinds of necessity in Kant, all of them falling short of logical or metaphysical necessity. I raise several questions for Stang’s account, including the following: Can our having the forms we do really explain the necessity of geometry? Is our possession of those forms self-grounding in an objectionable way? How can our forms ground general truths without grounding particular instances of them?
Flexible polyimide-based hybrid opto-electric neural interface with 16 channels of micro-LEDs and electrodes
Authors: Ji Bowen , Guo Zhejun , Wang Minghao , Yang Bin , Wang Xiaolin , Li Wen , Liu Jingquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a polyimide-based flexible device that integrates 16 micro-LEDs and 16 IrOx-modified microelectrodes for synchronous photostimulation and neural signal recording is presented. The 4 × 4 micro-LEDs (dimensions of 220 × 270 × 50 μm3, 700 μm pitch) are fixed in the SU-8 fence structure on a polyimide substrate and connected to the leads via a wire-bonding method. The recording electrodes share a similar fabrication process on the polyimide with 16 microelectrode sites (200 μm in diameter and 700 μm in pitch) modified by iridium oxide (IrOx). These two subparts can be aligned with alignment holes and glued back-to-back by epoxy, which ensures that the light from the LEDs passes through the corresponding holes that are evenly distributed around the recording sites. The long-term electrical and optical stabilities of the device are verified using a soaking test for 3 months, and the thermal property is specifically studied with different duty cycles, voltages, and frequencies. Additionally, the electrochemical results prove the reliability of the IrOx-modified microelectrodes after repeated pressing or friction. To evaluate the tradeoff between flexibility and strength, two microelectrode arrays with thicknesses of 5 and 10 μm are evaluated through simulation and experiment. The proposed device can be a useful mapping optogenetics tool for neuroscience studies in small (rats and mice) and large animal subjects and ultimately in nonhuman primates.
Building optimism at the environmental science-policy-practice interface through the study of bright spots
Authors: Cvitanovic Christopher , Hobday Alistair J. 
Published: August 2018

Effectively translating scientific knowledge into policy and practice is essential for helping humanity navigate contemporary environmental challenges. The likelihood of achieving this can be increased through the study of bright spots—instances where science has successfully influenced policy and practice—and the sense of optimism that this can inspire.
Complex Upper-Limb Movements Are Generated by Combining Motor Primitives that Scale with the Movement Size
Authors: Miranda Jose Garcia Vivas , Daneault Jean-François , Vergara-Diaz Gloria , Torres Ângelo Frederico Souza de Oliveira , Quixadá Ana Paula , Fonseca Marcus de Lemos , Vieira João Paulo Bomfim Cruz , dos Santos Vitor Sotero , da Figueiredo Thiago Cruz , Pinto Elen Beatriz , Peña Norberto , Bonato Paolo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe hand trajectory of motion during the performance of one-dimensional point-to-point movements has been shown to be marked by motor primitives with a bell-shaped velocity profile. Researchers have investigated if motor primitives with the same shape mark also complex upper-limb movements. They have done so by analyzing the magnitude of the hand trajectory velocity vector. This approach has failed to identify motor primitives with a bell-shaped velocity profile as the basic elements underlying the generation of complex upper-limb movements. In this study, we examined upper-limb movements by analyzing instead the movement components defined according to a Cartesian coordinate system with axes oriented in the medio-lateral, antero-posterior, and vertical directions. To our surprise, we found out that a broad set of complex upper-limb movements can be modeled as a combination of motor primitives with a bell-shaped velocity profile defined according to the axes of the above-defined coordinate system. Most notably, we discovered that these motor primitives scale with the size of movement according to a power law. These results provide a novel key to the interpretation of brain and muscle synergy studies suggesting that human subjects use a scale-invariant encoding of movement patterns when performing upper-limb movements.
Effect of Tobacco Smoking Cessation on C-Reactive Protein Levels in A Cohort of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening Participants
Authors: Gallus Silvano , Lugo Alessandra , Suatoni Paola , Taverna Francesca , Bertocchi Elena , Boffi Roberto , Marchiano Alfonso , Morelli Daniele , Pastorino Ugo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSmokers have higher levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) compared to never smokers. The role of smoking cessation on CRP is still under debate. Using data from two screening studies conducted in Italy in 2000–2010 on 3050 heavy smokers (including 777 ex-smokers), we estimated multivariate odds ratios (OR) for high CRP (i.e. ≥2 mg/L) according to smoking status. Moreover, in a longitudinal analysis based on 975 current smokers, with a second measurement of CRP after an average study period of 3.4 years, we estimated the changes in CRP according to smoking cessation. Prevalence of high CRP at baseline was 35.8% among ex-smokers and 41.1% among current smokers (significant OR for ex- vs. current smokers: 0.79). After four years since smoking cessation, CRP levels significantly decreased with increasing years of cessation (significant OR for ex-smokers since more than 8 years: 0.55). In the longitudinal analysis, no significant reduction in CRP was found for time since smoking cessation (ORs: 1.21, 1.04, and 0.91 for ex-smokers since 1 year, 2–3 years, and ≥4 years, respectively). In the largest prospective study available so far, we found that smoking cessation has a favourable effect on CRP, but this benefit is not evident in the short-term.
Super Ultra-High Resolution Liquid-Crystal-Display Using Perovskite Quantum-Dot Functional Color-Filters
Authors: Ko Yun-Hyuk , Jalalah Mohammed , Lee Seung-Jae , Park Jea-Gun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) working in tandem with a blue light-emitting-diode (LED) back-light-unit (BLU) has been recently used in liquid crystal display (LCD) to minimize the cross talks between the polarized emitting B-, G-, and R-light. However, they still exhibit a fundamental and considerable emitting-light-power loss from QDEF because of the light absorption loss in resin and transparent films of QDEF. In this work, we propose and demonstrate the superiority of the LCD using blue-(B-), green-(G-), and red-(R-) perovskite-quantum-dot (PrQD) functional CFs coupled with a blue LED BLU. This LCD using PrQD functional CFs and a blue LED BLU features cross-talk free spectra of polarized emitting B-, G-, and R-light, maximizing the LCD color gamut and exhibiting a world record performance of over 102.7% (137%) of Rec.2020 standard (NTSC standard). Theoretically, such an improvement in color gamut would facilitate unlimited scaling-down of the pixel leading to super ultra-high resolution LCD.
Global long-term observations of coastal erosion and accretion
Authors: Mentaschi Lorenzo , Vousdoukas Michalis I. , Pekel Jean-Francois , Voukouvalas Evangelos , Feyen Luc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChanges in coastal morphology have broad consequences for the sustainability of coastal communities, structures and ecosystems. Although coasts are monitored locally in many places, understanding long-term changes at a global scale remains a challenge. Here we present a global and consistent evaluation of coastal morphodynamics over 32 years (1984–2015) based on satellite observations. Land losses and gains were estimated from the changes in water presence along more than 2 million virtual transects. We find that the overall surface of eroded land is about 28,000 km2, twice the surface of gained land, and that often the extent of erosion and accretion is in the order of km. Anthropogenic factors clearly emerge as the dominant driver of change, both as planned exploitation of coastal resources, such as building coastal structures, and as unforeseen side effects of human activities, for example the installment of dams, irrigation systems and structures that modify the flux of sediments, or the clearing of coastal ecosystems, such as mangrove forests. Another important driver is the occurrence of natural disasters such as tsunamis and extreme storms. The observed global trend in coastal erosion could be enhanced by Sea Level Rise and more frequent extreme events under a changing climate.
Ethanol and C2 ceramide activate fatty acid oxidation in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Correnti Jason M. , Gottshall Lauren , Lin Annie , Williams Bianca , Oranu Amanke , Beck James , Chen Jie , Bennett Michael J. , Carr Rotonya M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObesogenic lipids and the sphingolipid ceramide have been implicated as potential cofactors in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients. However, the mechanisms by which these lipids modulate lipid trafficking in ethanol-treated human liver cells to promote steatosis, an early stage of ALD, are poorly understood. We measured fatty acid (FA) uptake, triglyceride export, FA synthesis and FA oxidation in human hepatoma (VL-17A) cells in response to ethanol and the exogenous lipids oleate, palmitate and C2 ceramide. We found that in combination with ethanol, both oleate and palmitate promote lipid droplet accumulation while C2 ceramide inhibits lipid droplet accumulation by enhancing FA oxidation. Further, using both a pharmacologic and siRNA approach to reduce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) gene expression, we demonstrate that C2 ceramide abrogates ethanol-mediated suppression of FA oxidation through an indirect PPARα mechanism. Together, these data suggest that lipids interact differentially with ethanol to modulate hepatocellular lipid droplet accumulation and may provide novel targets for preventing the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic steatosis.