bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycosylated Amphiphilic Calixarene‐Based Detergent for Functional Stabilization of Native Membrane Proteins.
Authors: Dauvergne Julien , Desuzinges Elodie Mandon , Faugier Clarisse , Igonet Sébastien , Soulié Marine , Grousson Emilie , Cornut Damien , Bonneté Françoise , Durand Grégory , Dejean Emmanuel , Jawhari Anass 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStructure‐function and drug discovery studies of membrane proteins (MPs) require their extraction from cell membranes. Here we report the synthesis and use of novel glycosylated amphiphilic calixarene‐based detergent, named CALX‐173‐GK, for native membrane protein stabilization. It consists of a nonionic polar part with three saccharide groups, a calixarene ring and an aliphatic tail of seven carbon atoms. Micellization, shape and self‐assemblies were investigated. The function of three native MPs was conserved, enhanced and stabilized overtime when CALX‐173‐GK was used as a solubilization additive. Taken together, the use of this novel glycosylated amphiphilic detergent confirms the added value of combining calixarene and glycosides groups to improve functional stability of MPs. This work also illustrates the advantage of associating solubilizing and stabilizing molecules, providing a new avenue for stabilization of functional membrane proteins.
ICSSP 2018—Special issue introduction
Authors: O'Connor Rory V. , Houston Dan , Hebig Regina , Kuhrmann Marco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe International Conference on Software and System Processes (ICSSP) provides a leading forum for the exchange of research outcomes and industrial best practices in process development from software and systems disciplines. ICSSP 2018 was held in Gothenburg, Sweden, May 26 to 27, 2018, colocated with the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). The theme of ICSSP 2018 was studying “Demands on Processes, Processes on Demand” by recognizing the demands on processes that include the need for both well‐developed plans and incremental deliveries (agile and hybrid processes), utilization of increased automation (model‐based engineering and DevOps), higher degrees of customer collaboration, comprehensive analysis of existing products for reuse (open source and COTS), and performance requirements of enterprise‐level architectures. This special issue includes the revised and extended versions of the five highest ranked full research papers and industry experience papers of ICSSP 2018, including the two award‐winning papers.
Self‐control in crows, parrots and nonhuman primates
Authors: Miller Rachael , Boeckle Markus , Jelbert Sarah A. , Frohnwieser Anna , Wascher Claudia A. F. , Clayton Nicola S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelf‐control is critical for both humans and nonhuman animals because it underlies complex cognitive abilities, such as decision‐making and future planning, enabling goal‐directed behavior. For instance, it is positively associated with social competence and life success measures in humans. We present the first review of delay of gratification as a measure of self‐control in nonhuman primates, corvids (crow family) and psittacines (parrot order): disparate groups that show comparable advanced cognitive abilities and similar socio‐ecological factors. We compare delay of gratification performance and identify key issues and outstanding areas for future research, including finding the best measures and drivers of delayed gratification. Our review therefore contributes to our understanding of both delayed gratification as a measure of self‐control and of complex cognition in animals.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Alcohol, its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body and pharmacokinetic calculations
Authors: Jones Alan W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ethanol contained in alcoholic beverages is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the maximum blood‐alcohol concentration (BAC) is usually reached between 10 and 60 min postdosing. Once in the bloodstream, ethanol is distributed into the total body water (TBW) compartment, which comprises ~55–60% of body weight in nonobese males and ~50–55% in females. The volume of distribution (Vd) of ethanol depends on a person's age, gender, and degree of adiposity (ratio of fat to lean tissue). Studies have shown that the averageVdfor healthy men and women are ~0.70 and ~0.60 L/kg, respectively. Elimination of ethanol from the body occurs primarily through metabolism (92–98% of dose) by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme located in the liver cytosol and a microsomal enzyme, denoted CYP2E1. A small fraction (0.1–0.2%) of the dose of ethanol ingested undergoes nonoxidative metabolism by phase II conjugation reactions leading to formation of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate. Only between 2 and 10% of the dose of ethanol is excreted unchanged in urine, breath, and in sweat/perspiration. Ethanol exhibits dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics, because the hepatic ADH enzyme is saturated with substrate at BAC above 15–20 mg/100 mL (15–20 mg%). Zero‐order kinetics operate for most of the postabsorptive elimination phase and the BAC decreases at a constant rate per unit time ranging from 10 to 35 mg% per hour (average 15 mg% per hour for moderate drinkers). Examples of various pharmacokinetic calculations are presented because these are often necessary in forensic science and legal medicine casework.This article is categorized under:Toxicology > AlcoholToxicology > Analytical ToxicologyToxicology > Drug‐Impaired Driving
Social representations about the functions of deliberate self‐harm: Adolescents and parents
Authors: Duarte Eva , Gouveia‐Pereira Maria , Gomes Hugo S. , Sampaio Daniel 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe understanding of the social representations about the functions of deliberate self‐harm can be an important factor for the comprehension of this phenomenon. Nonetheless, only a few studies focused on this topic and specifically on the social representations from adolescents with and without a history of deliberate self‐harm and their parents.MethodsThis article presents two studies that analysed these representations. Study 1 compared the social representations from 411 Portuguese adolescents (219 females and 192 males, aged 12–19 years), from which 109 reported having a history of deliberate self‐harm. Study 2 focused on the comparison of the social representations from 471 parents (265 mothers and 206 fathers, aged 33–62 years) of Portuguese adolescents. Of the parents in Study 2, 120 had children with a history of deliberate self‐harm.ResultsIn Study 1, adolescents without a history of deliberate self‐harm perceived most interpersonal functions as more relevant than adolescents with a history of these behaviours, while adolescents with a history of deliberate self‐harm emphasized one intrapersonal function. In Study 2, no differences were found between parents of adolescents with and without a history of deliberate self‐harm. However, results revealed differences between the representations of mothers and fathers in several intrapersonal functions.ConclusionsThis research provides important insight regarding the social representations about the functions of deliberate self‐harm from adolescents with and without a reported history of these behaviours and their parents. The impact for clinical intervention and prevention programs is discussed.
Modeled and Measured Carbon Isotopic Composition and Petrographically Estimated Binder-Aggregate Ratio—Recipe for Binding Material Dating?
Authors: Michalska Danuta , Pawlyta Jacek 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of radiocarbon (14C) dating of bulk mortars and reports an attempt of implementation of the knowledge about the isotopic fractionation, based on δ13C measurements, to make the age correction for mortars, together with verification of such correction based on the percentage estimation of carbonate components, namely binder and aggregate. To evaluate the variability of isotopic fractionation during CO2 absorption by mortar, dependent on the climatic and environmental conditions, and the type of mortar, the δ13C measurements have been performed for the mortars from Sussita (Golan Heights). Such measurements were also made for fragments of natural carbonate rocks and for mortars produced in the laboratory from the same substrate. We propose the recipe for mortars age estimation.
Hypothetical Influence of Bacterial Communities on the Transfer of 14C-Depleted Carbon to Infaunal Foraminifera: Implications for Radiocarbon Dating in Coastal Environments
Authors: Poirier Clément , Baumann Juliette , Chaumillon Eric 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the potential complications that may arise from the use of coastal foraminifera for radiocarbon (14C) dating. The aim of this study is to report the fortuitous finding of 14C-dated Haynesina germanica individuals picked from two sediment cores (Pertuis Charentais, France), which appeared 2500–2000 years older than their expected age of deposition. Stratigraphical and micropaleontogical evidence have ruled out the possible effect of reworking of calcareous tests from previous strata. Similar anomalous 14C ages were obtained on abundant lignocellulose debris recovered from the cores, which are supplied by rivers flowing into the study area. Given that H. germanica is an infaunal species, we hypothesize that in-situ living individuals acquired the 14C-depleted isotopic signature of lignocellulose debris within the sediment prior to definitive burial, following an unexplored pathway of carbon transfer between the two compartments. Based on the literature, we propose a plausible explanation, which involves bacterial communities living in the study area. This putative role of bacteria may have considerable importance for past and future studies of Holocene environmental changes in coastal environments. Further work is now needed to explore this hypothesis with more robust, direct evidence based on comprehensive geochemical, geochronological and microbiological studies.
THE FACTORIAL CONJECTURE AND IMAGES OF LOCALLY NILPOTENT DERIVATIONS
Authors: LIU DAYAN , SUN XIAOSONG 
Published: May 2019

The factorial conjecture was proposed by van den Essen et al. [‘On the image conjecture’, J. Algebra 340(1) (2011), 211–224] to study the image conjecture, which arose from the Jacobian conjecture. We show that the factorial conjecture holds for all homogeneous polynomials in two variables. We also give a variation of the result and use it to show that the image of any linear locally nilpotent derivation of $\mathbb{C}[x,y,z]$ is a Mathieu–Zhao subspace.
Gupta on Sellars’s Theory of Perception
Authors: Lee Byeong D. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRecently, Anil Gupta raised several important objections against Wilfrid Sellars’s theory of perception. The purpose of this paper is to defend Sellars’s theory of perception against these objections. I admit that some aspects of his theory are problematic: for example, there are good reasons to reject Sellars’s view that the ultimate referent of a perceptual taking is a sense impression. Nonetheless, I argue that a Sellarsian account of perception is still a viable approach to perception, despite Gupta’s powerful objections.
France: Court of Cassation Decision in Southern Pacific Properties Ltd. et al. V. Arab Republic of Egypt(Appellate Review of Arbitral Awards between States and Private Parties)
Authors: Gaillard Emmanuel 
Published: May 2019

On January 6, 1987, the French Court of Cassation denied the petition for annulment of the decision rendered by the Paris Court of Appeals on July 12, 1984 [23 I.L.M. 1048 (1984)] which set aside the award rendered by an ICC Arbitral Tribunal on March 11, 1983 in the SPP v. The Arab Republic of Egypt case [22 I.L.M. 752 (1983)].Ruling on the question of their own competence, the arbitrators accepted jurisdiction over the Arab Republic of Egypt on the ground that by affixing the words “approved, agreed and ratified” by the Minister of Tourism and the signature of the Minister of Tourism to a contract entered into “between” SPP and the Egyptian General Organization for Tourism and Hotels (EGOTH), the State had agreed to be bound by the ICC arbitration clause contained in that contract.
A Digest of Selected Judgments of The Supreme Court of Israel
Authors: Kanafi Menahem 
Published: May 2019

The following is a survey of major judgments of the Supreme Court of Israel published in (1986) 40Piskei Din, vols. (i) and (ii), directly following upon our last digest, which appeared in (1987) 22 Is.L.R. 219.One central decision published in the volumes presently reviewed, that ofZeitsovv.Katz(1986) 40(ii)P.D.85, has not been included in this survey. The decision concerns the suit of a child born with a genetic disease, against a doctor whose allegedly negligent diagnosis led to the child's conception. This case has been discussed at length in an article which appeared previously in the Israel Law Review, and to which our readers are referred.
Who is to Accomplish Criminal Law Reform: The Interrelationship between Parliament and the Judiciary
Authors: Levy Yuval 
Published: May 2019

Who ought to bring about the essential reform in criminal law? At first glance, the answer appears obvious and unequivocal. In all modern Western democracies, the norm is for the function of lawmaking to be in the hands of the legislative branch of government, to the exclusion of the judiciary or any other organ inside or outside government.The question posed above, however, is meant to explore a different issue, namely, the interrelationship between parliament and the judiciary in the province of criminal law reform, and their respective functions in effecting new policies. Assuming the task of legislation to be reserved to parliament, is there no room for judges to read into parliamentary enactments trend-making reformative content which would allow the implementation of what judges conceive to be the policies of the legislature in the field of penal law reform? Or is it, rather, incumbent upon the legislature itself to shape the character of the necessary reform with the statutory tools available to it?
‘BETWEEN EDUCATION AND CATASTROPHE’: CÔTE D'IVOIRE'S PROGRAMME D'ÉDUCATION TÉLÉVISUELLE AND THE URGENCY OF DEVELOPMENT (1968–1983)
Authors: PROSPERETTI ELISA 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCôte d'Ivoire's Programme d'Éducation Télévisuelle (PETV) was one of postcolonial Africa's most innovative educational reforms. And yet, PETV was implemented by a country exemplary for its educational conservatism. This apparent paradox is explained by the Ivorian state's developmentalist vision had crowned education its ‘priority of priorities‘. By charting the adoption and termination of PETV, this article argues for the centrality of formal schooling to the history of development.
‘IT'S ALL WORK AND HAPPINESS ON THE FARMS’: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN THE BLOCS IN NKRUMAH'S GHANA
Authors: LAMBERT KERI 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study assesses the agricultural sector under the government of Kwame Nkrumah as a dynamic Cold War front. After Ghana's independence in 1957, Nkrumah asserted that the new nation would guard its sovereignty from foreign influence, while recognizing that it needed foreign cooperation and investment. His government embarked upon a development program with an emphasis on diversifying Ghana's agriculture to decrease her dependence on cocoa. Meanwhile, both the United States and the Soviet Union sought to establish footholds in Ghana through agricultural aid, trade, and investments. In the first years of independence, the Ghanaian state encouraged smallholder farming and American investment. Later, in a sudden change of policy, the government established large-scale state farms along the socialist model. This article brings to light the ways that Ghanaians in rural areas engaged with and interpreted the increasingly interventionist agriculture projects and policies of Nkrumah's government.
CHI SONO I MINISTRI IN SVEZIA, AUSTRIA E GRAN BRETAGNA
Authors: Segatti Paolo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneNel 1966, inNorway: Numerical Democracy and Corporate Pluralism, Rokkan scriveva: «Il corporativismo del sistema didecision-makinga due livelli èimplicito e latente, non formale e istituzionalizzato … La sovrapposizione del personale, l'incrociarsi dei ruoli, le interdipendenze delle strategie ai 2 livellicreano complessi vincoli alle azioni dei partecipanti, e questi possono essere piò efficaci per l'integrazione del sistema di qualunque cornice formale deldecision-makingistituzionale».
INTRODUZIONE
Authors: Urbani Giuliano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuesto fascicolo riproduce le relazioni e gli «interventi programmati» che hanno introdotto il convegno annuale della Società Italiana di Scienza della Politica, svoltosi nell'ottobre dello scorso anno, presso l'Istituto Universitario Europeo di Badia Fiesolana, sul tema «Governo e parlamento nel sistema politico italiano». Il sottotitolo del convegno «Questioni teoriche e problemi di analisi empirica» contiene, sia pure in grande sintesi, le principali motivazioni e i relativi obiettivi che ispirarono quella riunione.
PARLAMENTO-ARENA E PARTITI
Authors: Panebianco Angelo 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneLe tesi di Giuseppe Di Palma sul parlamento italiano possono essere discusse da due diverse angolature: si può, da un lato, valutare la descrizione/interpretazione del caso esaminato; si può, dall'altro lato, discutere il quadro teorico proposto e utilizzato. I due aspetti non sono, a giudizio di chi scrive, così strettamente collegati fra loro come potrebbe apparire a prima vista. Si può infatti concordare con molte delle osservazioni di Di Palma sulla evoluzione dei rapporti parlamentari in Italia pur mantenendo riserve sulla prospettiva teorica prescelta (la teoria della istituzionalizzazione nella variante offerta da Polsby).
IL SOTTO-SISTEMA GOVERNO-PARLAMENTO
Authors: Cotta Maurizio 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl tema dei rapporti governo-parlamento è stato spesso all'ordine del giorno della discussione sia politica che accademica nell'Italia del secondo dopoguerra. Nell'ultimo quindicennio poi questo interesse si è ulteriormente sviluppato fino a cristallizzarsi in una serie di proposte di ingegneria costituzionale che dovrebbero, nelle intenzioni dei proponenti (operatori politici o studiosi che siano), ovviare alle disfunzionalità del sistema politico italiano.
L'INSTABILITÀ DI GOVERNO IN ITALIA
Authors: Battegazzorre Francesco 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIn un noto contributo sul tema della stabilità governativa pubblicato una quindicina d'anni orsono M. Taylor e V. Herman esprimevano incertezza sul significato della capacità di persistenza dei ministeri, asserendo la necessità di «un ampio studio empirico prima di poter dire che la stabilità governativa è indicatore diuna qualsiasi cosa». In tal modo gli autori intendevano prendere le distanze da un assunto largamente diffuso nella letteratura specialistica sull'argomento, secondo cui la capacità di durata dell'esecutivo è legata significativamente al rendimento del sistema politico e, più in generale, alla stabilità del regime. Benché l'assunto in questione compaia, esplicitamente o implicitamente, anche in alcuni dei più recenti studi sulla stabilità ministeriale, restano comunque dubbi — in assenza dell'analisi empirica suggerita da Taylor e Herman — circa i legami intercorrenti tra persistenza del governo eperformancedel sistema, e non è mancato chi, nell'ambito della disciplina, di tali dubbi si è fatto portavoce. Sartori, per esempio, ha negato in diverse occasioni che un governo stabile (nel senso di duraturo) possa per ciò stesso essere considerato efficiente: «un esecutivo può durare (essere stabile) nell'immobilismo, e anzi durare proprio perché non si muove e non smuove le acque». A questa critica, di natura essenzialmente logica, si aggiunge ora quella — fondata empiricamente — di A. Lijphart, che utilizza dati tratti dal caso francese (IV Repubblica) e da quello nord-irlandese per contestare la tesi secondo cui «la capacità di durata dell'esecutivo è un buon indicatore dell'efficacia del governo e della stabilità del regime democratico». Il punto è quindi tutt'altro che chiarito, e di conseguenza non può sottrarsi all'attenzione dello studioso anche quando l'oggetto d'analisi viene affrontato da un'altra angolatura. Nel nostro caso va detto che indagare sul significato della stabilità o instabilità dell'esecutivo non costituisce l'obiettivo che ci si è proposti qui; tuttavia, data la salienza di questo aspetto del problema per il senso complessivo del lavoro, esso sarà oggetto di una breve trattazione nella parte conclusiva dell'esposizione.
LO STUDIO DEI REGIMI INTERNAZIONALI E LA TRADIZIONE CLASSICA NELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI
Authors: Keohane Robert O. 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneGli studiosi moderni di politica internazionale hanno cercato di individuare le cause della guerra e le condizioni della pace: essi si sono chiesti in che modo gli interessi di Stati sovrani in competizione reciproca e non soggetti ad alcun potere comune possano essere conciliati gli uni con gli altri. I più importanti tentativi di comprensione delle problematiche della pace e della guerra, da parte di studiosi occidentali, sono partiti da tre premesse comuni, che definiscono ciò che Holsti chiama «la tradizione classica» nello studio delle relazioni internazionali: 1) l'oggetto di analisi più appropriato è costituito, appunto, dalle cause della guerra e dalle condizioni della pace/sicurezza/ordine; 2) le principali unità d'analisi sono i comportamenti diplomatici e militari degli unici attori essenziali, gli Stati nazionali; 3) gli Stati operano in un sistema caratterizzato dall'anarchia, ovvero dalla mancanza di una autorità centrale.
L'ANALISI DEI FLUSSI ELETTORALI TRA METODO SCIENTIFICO E DIBATTITO POLITICO
Authors: Draghi Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneDopo il 15 giugno e come mai in precedenti elezioni era avvenuto, l'analisi dei flussi elettorali ha assunto un ruolo di rilievo nell'interpretazione dei risultati e nel dibattito politico che ne è seguito. E il modello di Goodman, come in gergo metodologico viene chiamata la tecnica statistica di stima dei flussi di voto, non ha mai ricevuto tanta attenzione presso l'opinione pubblica in generale e, comunque, al di fuori di un ristretto gruppo di studiosi.
The Ultraviolet Continuum in Solar and Stellar Flares
Authors: Phillips K. J. H. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryUltraviolet continua observed in IUE spectra of dMc stars in a flaring state are compared with those in solar Hares. There is evidence that, as may be the case with solar flares, stellar-flare continua in particularly the λ < 1683 Å region are due to free-bound transitions in neutral silicon excited by ultraviolet lino emission.
Stellar Flares: Observations and Theory
Authors: Hawley Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotometric and spectroscopic observations of a very large flare on AD Leo are presented. A self consistent model of a flare corona, transition region and chromosphere is developed; in particular the chromospheric temperature distributions resulting from X-ray and EUV irradiation by coronae of various temperatures are determined. The predicted line fluxes in Hγ are compared to the observed line fluxes to find the coronal temperature as a function of time during the flare. This run of temperature with time is then compared with the predictions of an independent theoretical flare model based on a dynamic scaling law (see paper by Fisher and Hawley, these proceedings).