bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varietal Differences in the Oil Composition of the Seed of Two Indigenous Chrysophyllum albidium Species
Authors: Abosede Bello, Adunola , Soliu Muniru, Oluwasegun , Cartney Igwe, Chima 
Published: October 2019

Aim: To investigate the varietal difference in the composition of the oil of two Chryosophyllum albidium species.
Study Design: Laboratory experimental design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: Chryosophyllum acreanum and Chrysophyllum africana seed species of Chrysophyllum albidium were collected from Oja Oba market, Ibadan, Oyo State. The study was carried out between February 2019 - August 2019 at the Oilseed Laboratory of Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Oil in both seeds was extracted using Soxhlet extraction method. The physical and chemical properties of the oils were determined using official methods of analysis while the fatty acid composition of the seed oils was analysed using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer.
Results: The oil yield for both seeds was low, 3.52% for C. acreanum and 3.75% for C. africana. The values for the physical properties (Specific gravity, refractive index and unsaponifiable matter) of C. acreanum seed oil were higher than for C. africana seed oil. The chemical properties shows that the acid and peroxide values are 2.79mgKOH/g; 2.67mgKOH/g, 1.78mEq/kg; 1.63mEq/kg for C. acreanum and C. africana seed oil respectively while the iodine values for both seed oils are below 100mgI2/100g. The fatty acid composition shows that both seed oil contains myristic acid as their major fatty acid.
Conclusion: The evaluated characteristics of the seed oils showed that there is no significant differences in the oil composition of C. albidium seed varieties as the oil composition are closely related except for the slight difference in their fatty acid profile.
Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Cowpea Thresher for Small Scale Cowpea Farm Holders in Nigeria
Authors: Muhammed-Bashir O. W. , Oriola K. O. , Ogundeji B. A. , Adesokan M. A. 
Published: October 2019

Aims: To develop and evaluate an affordable, accessible, easy-to-operate and functional small-scale thresher machine to make cowpea farming a profitable venture.
Study Design: Fabrication and performance evaluation.
Place and Duration of Study: Premises of DAF Technical Services, Ilorin, Nigeria, between June, 2017 and February, 2018.
Methodology: Construction of a cowpea thresher machine was carried out by sizing and marking out the plate with the aid of scriber and cutter. The shaft was smoothened and the various components were welded and assembled with the aid of fasteners. The thresher was made-up of the feeding unit, which provided an opening through which the cowpea was introduced into the machine for threshing. As the various components of the cowpea thresher (threshing drum, the lower concave (screen), the spikes and separating unit) were being assembled, dimension analysis was carried out on two varieties of cowpea grains. This was meant to determine the screen sieve size.
Results: Findings from this study indicated the mean cowpea grain threshing efficiencies of 71.40, 66.10, and 63.10% at a different speed of 472, 339, and 283 rpm respectively. The maximum throughput capacity (59.78 kg/hr) was obtained at threshing speed of 472 rpm. This revealed that as the speed decreased the threshing efficiency, the throughput capacity and grain loss also decreased, while damaged grains are negligible.
Conclusion: The fabricated cowpea thresher is therefore, a suitable machine with high efficiency to carry out necessary small scale post-harvest operations in cowpea production.
Investigating the Phenological and Pompological Characteristics of Indigenous Pears in Northeast Bosnia
Authors: Salkić Besim , Cvrk Ramzija , Imširović Emir , Jašić Amela , Salkić Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

The study included 30 autochthonous pears with analysis of the following parameters: blooming time, fruit ripening time, fruit weight, fruit height, fruit width, fruit index, fruit juice length, pH value of juice, total acidity mmol / 100 g, total acidity (%), pectin substances % Ca-pectate, raw fiber %, vitamin C mg / 100 g, natural invert sugar%, total invert sugar %, total phenol mg / 100 g fruit, soluble dry substance (° Brix).The aim of the research is to study the phenological and pomological characteristics of a detailed description of autochthonous varieties and to make chemical analysis of the fruit of a recommendation on the value of the fruit of the most interesting autochthonous pears in north-eastern Bosnia. This would at the same time create preconditions for recording these varieties on the sort list of Bosnia and Herzegovina and their further reproduction and marketing.The fruits of domestic varieties are seldom available. Given the opinion that domestic varieties are more resistant to diseases and some pests, they do not require a large number of chemical treatments and require no intensive care can be more easily adapted to organic cultivation, which is a trend in fruit productionThe differences in the blooming dynamics of autochthonous varieties of BiH indicate that this is an important detail that must be take care when expanding them, that is, introducing them into plantation cultivation and selecting pollinator varieties. The obtained values of soluble dry matter for all tested pear varieties (except Kajzerica kasna 9.75 Brix) had a value greater than 10.0˚ Brix, and according to this parameter, are suitable for marketing and processing according to the current legislation. The native varieties examined in this paper had values from 0.10 to 0.58% from the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the tested varieties were not supplied with Ca-pectate. Based on the average content of vitamin C in the fruit of the pear, it can be concluded that the tested autochthonous and domestic varieties have an extremely good content of vitamin C, 15 out of 20 varieties have a higher content of vitamin C than the average or 75%. Research has been supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of a scientific research project entitled "Investigating the phenological and pompological characteristics of indigenous pears in Northeast Bosnia".
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Nanoconfined Ionic Liquids for Fast Anisotropic Ion Transport
Authors: Cherian Tomy , Nunes Danilo Rosa , Dane Thomas G. , Jacquemin Johan , Vainio Ulla , Myllymäki Teemu T. T. , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Houbenov Nikolay , Maréchal Manuel , Rannou Patrice , Ikkala Olli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaterials involving nanoconfinement of ionic liquids (ILs) have been pursued for functionalities and ionic devices. However, their complex synthesis, challenges to achieve long‐range order, and laborious tunability limit their practical implementation. Herein, these challenges are addressed by complexing surfactants to ILs, yielding a facile, modular, and scalable approach. Based on structural screening, ionic complexation of di‐n‐nonylamine to the terminal sulfonic acid of 1‐(4‐sulfobutyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate IL is selected as a proof of concept. Spontaneous homeotropic smectic order over micrometers is observed, with alternating ionic and alkyl layers. The 1 nm thick ionic layers involve 2D crystalline internal order up to 150 °C, strongly promoting anisotropic ion transport (σ||/σ⊥ > 6500), and curiously, still allowing fluidity. High ionic conductivity of 35 mS cm−1 and mesoscopic diffusion coefficient of ≈10−5 cm2 s−1 at 150 °C along the ionic layers are observed. Fast anisotropic ion transport by simply complexing two components open doors to functional materials and applications.
Antigen‐Inorganic Hybrid Flowers‐Based Vaccines with Enhanced Room Temperature Stability and Effective Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Liu Yijia , Zhu Xianghui , Lu Yan , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Chuangnian , Sun Hongfan , Ma Guilei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParticle‐based antigen carriers as adjuvants play an important role in vaccine development. Herein, an antigen‐inorganic hybrid flower‐like particle is developed as a novel vaccine carrier. Model antigen ovalbumin (OVA)‐copper (II) sulfate hybrid vaccines (OVA‐Cu‐HVs) are mildly and facilely constructed through a biomimetic mineralization process. OVA‐Cu‐HVs facilitate cellular uptake in antigen‐presenting cells and the internalization of OVA‐Cu‐HVs involves macropinocytosis‐mediated endocytosis. OVA‐Cu‐HVs can release OVA in a pH‐responsive behavior and promote cytosolic release of antigen to enhance antigen cross‐presentation. Immunization with OVA‐Cu‐HVs promotes the maturation of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes, induces robust antigen‐specific T lymphocyte response, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. In addition, OVA‐Cu‐HVs are efficacious after being stored for 4 weeks at room temperature and are expected to simplify vaccine storage and lower the cost of cold storage for transportation. Looking forward, OVA‐Cu‐HVs may hold strong potential to be as an effective vaccine delivery platform, which will facilitate the application of organic–inorganic hybrid flowers in biomedical areas.
Mimicking Sensory Adaptation with Dielectric Engineered Organic Transistors
Authors: Shen Hongguang , He Zihan , Jin Wenlong , Xiang Lanyi , Zhao Wenrui , Di Chong‐an , Zhu Daoben 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMimicking sensory adaptation with transistors is essential for developing next‐generation smart circuits. A key challenge is how to obtain controllable and reversible short‐term signal decay while simultaneously maintaining long‐term electrical stability. By introducing a buried dynamic‐trapping interface within the dielectric layer, an organic adaptive transistor (OAT) with sensory adaptation functionality is developed. The device induces self‐adaptive interfacial trapping to enable volatile shielding of the gating field, thereby leading to rapid and temporary carrier concentration decay in the conductive channel without diminishing the mobility upon a fixed voltage bias. More importantly, the device exhibits a fine‐tuned decay constant ranging from 50 ms to 5 s, accurately matching the adaptation timescales in bio‐systems. This not only suggests promising applications of OATs in flexible artificial intelligent elements, but also provides a strategy for engineering organic devices toward novel biomimetic functions.
Anomalous Broadband Spectrum Photodetection in 2D Rhenium Disulfide Transistor
Authors: Xiang Du , Liu Tao , Wang Junyong , Wang Peng , Wang Lin , Zheng Yue , Wang Yanan , Gao Jing , Ang Kah‐Wee , Eda Goki , Hu Weida , Liu Lei , Chen Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)‐based phototransistors generally work under photoconductive, photovoltaic, or photogating mode, in which photocarriers are generated from band‐to‐band excitation. Nevertheless, due to the relatively large bandgap, most TMD phototransistors working under these modes are restricted in visible spectrum. Here, photodetection in 2D multilayer rhenium disulfide (ReS2) transistor via bolometric mode, which relies on light heating induced conductance change instead of band‐to‐band photoexcitation is reported, making it possible for sub‐bandgap photon detection. The bolometric effect induced photoresponse is first revealed by an anomalous sign switching of photocurrent from positive to negative while increasing gate voltage under visible light, which is further validated by the temperature dependent electrical transport measurements. The phototransistor exhibits remarkable photoresponse under infrared regime, beyond the optical bandgap absorption edge of the ReS2 flake. Additionally, it demonstrates a low noise equivalent power, less than 5 × 10−2 pW Hz−1/2, which is very promising for ultra‐weak light detection. Moreover, the response time is below 3 ms, nearly 3–4 orders of magnitude faster than previously reported ReS2 photodetectors. The findings promise bolometric effect as an effective photodetection mode to extend the response spectrum of large bandgap TMDs for novel and high‐performance broadband photodetectors.
Visible‐Light Facilitated Fluorescence “Switch‐On” Labelling of 5‐Formylpyrimidine RNA
Authors: Wang Rui‐Li , Jin Xiao‐Yang , Kong De‐Long , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Liu Ji , Liu Li , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLabelling and detecting 5‐formylpyrimidine is essential to understand its biological function. Herein, we describe a visible‐light triggered and catalyst‐free reaction in which 5‐formylcytidine RNA can be selectively labelled with 2‐thioaniline under the irradiation of a commercial blue LED light to generate fluorogenic 5‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl) cytidine.magnified image
Noncovalent Targeting of Nanocarriers to Immune Cells with Polyphosphoester‐Based Surfactants in Human Blood Plasma
Authors: Simon Johanna , Bauer Kristin N. , Langhanki Jens , Opatz Till , Mailänder Volker , Landfester Katharina , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are part of the immune system and can internalize pathogens by carbohydrate receptors. The uptake induces maturation and migration of the DCs resulting in an adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to T‐cells. Thus, targeted delivery to DCs is a powerful tool for immunotherapy. However, in blood, specific targeting is challenging as blood proteins adsorb to the nanocarriers and mask the targeting molecules. Additionally, covalent coupling of targeting groups to nanocarriers requires new chemistry for each nanocarrier, while a general strategy is missing. A general protocol by noncovalent adsorption of mannosylated polyphosphoesters (PPEs) on the nanocarriers' surface resulting in specific uptake into DCs combined with low protein adsorption of PPEs is presented. PPEs with hydrophobic anchors and multiple mannose units are reported and adsorbed to different model nanocarriers. Their protein corona remain similar to pure stealth nanocarriers and prove only low uptake into nontargeted cells (monocytes). Due to the “stealth” properties of PPEs, a high specific uptake into DCs is achieved after incubation in human blood plasma, proving an efficient combination of “stealth” and targeting after simple adsorption of the PPEs. This strategy can transform any nanocarrier into DC‐targeting by noncovalent adsorption of PPEs and will aid in developing novel immunotherapies.
All‐Solid‐State Planar Sodium‐Ion Microcapacitors with Multidirectional Fast Ion Diffusion Pathways
Authors: Zheng Shuanghao , Wang Sen , Dong Yanfeng , Zhou Feng , Qin Jieqiong , Wang Xiao , Su Feng , Sun Chenglin , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Bao Xinhe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the relentless development of smart and miniaturized electronics, the worldwide thirst for microscale electrochemical energy storage devices with form factors is launching a new era of competition. Herein, the first prototype planar sodium‐ion microcapacitors (NIMCs) are constructed based on the interdigital microelectrodes of urchin‐like sodium titanate as faradaic anode and nanoporous activated graphene as non‐faradaic cathode along with high‐voltage ionogel electrolyte on a single flexible substrate. By effectively coupling with battery‐type anode and capacitor‐type cathode, the resultant all‐solid‐state NIMCs working at 3.5 V exhibit a high volumetric energy density of 37.1 mWh cm−3 and an ultralow self‐discharge rate of 44 h from Vmax to 0.6 Vmax, both of which surpass most reported hybrid micro‐supercapacitors. Through tuning graphene layer covered on the top surface of interdigital microelectrodes, the NIMCs unveil remarkably enhanced power density, owing to the establishment of favorable multidirectional fast ion diffusion pathways that significantly reduce the charge transfer resistance. Meanwhile, the as‐fabricated NIMCs present excellent mechanical flexibility without capacitance fade under repeated deformation, and electrochemical stability at a high temperature of 80 °C because of using nonflammable ionogel electrolyte and in‐plane geometry. Therefore, these flexible planar NIMCs with multidirectional ion diffusion pathways hold tremendous potential for microelectronics.
Long‐Term Photostability in Terephthalate Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mateo Diego , Santiago‐Portillo Andrea , Albero Josep , Navalón Sergio , Alvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProlonged (weeks) UV/Vis irradiation under Ar of UiO‐66(Zr), UiO66 Zr‐NO2, MIL101 Fe, MIL125 Ti‐NH2, MIL101 Cr and MIL101 Cr(Pt) shows that these MOFs undergo photodecarboxylation of benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) linker in a significant percentage depending on the structure and composition of the material. Routine characterization techniques such as XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy and TGA fail to detect changes in the material, although porosity and surface area change upon irradiation of powders. In contrast to BCD‐containing MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate ZIF‐8 does not evolve CO2 or any other gas upon irradiation.
Antimicrobial Potential of Chiral Amide Derivatives of Ricinoleic and 3‐Hydroxynonanoic Acid
Authors: Matysiak Sylwia , Zabielska Julia , Kula Józef , Kunicka‐Styczyńska Alina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe growing role of fatty acid amides in medicinal chemistry has recently been observed. Therefore, using simple and fast methods, a series of chiral amide derivatives (24 compounds) of ricinoleic and 3‐hydroxynonanoic acid was obtained with 31–95% yields. Then, the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against 13 microorganisms representing Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, yeast, and molds was performed. The obtained compounds showed antimold potential; however, the tested species of molds were more susceptible to derivatives of 3‐hydroxynonanoic acid than to amides obtained from ricinoleic acid (RA). Interestingly, hydroxamic acids derived from RA exhibited the best activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. On the other hand, hydroxamic acids derived from 3‐hydroxynonanoic acid showed the best antimicrobial potential against the remaining tested microorganisms, especially against Pseudomonas cedrina. The obtained derivatives can be considered compounds of potential pharmacological significance, which is important due to the increasing problem of microbial resistance.
Beyond mean rating: Probabilistic aggregation of star ratings based on helpfulness
Authors: Tay Wenyi , Zhang Xiuzhen , Karimi Sarvnaz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe star‐rating mechanism of customer reviews is used universally by the online population to compare and select merchants, movies, products, and services. The consensus opinion from aggregation of star ratings is used as a proxy for item quality. Online reviews are noisy and effective aggregation of star ratings to accurately reflect the “true quality” of products and services is challenging. The mean‐rating aggregation model is widely used and other aggregation models are also proposed. These existing aggregation models rely on a large number of reviews to tolerate noise. However, many products rarely have reviews. We propose probabilistic aggregation models for review ratings based on the Dirichlet distribution to combat data sparsity in reviews. We further propose to exploit the “helpfulness” social information and time to filter noisy reviews and effectively aggregate ratings to compute the consensus opinion. Our experiments on an Amazon data set show that our probabilistic aggregation models based on “helpfulness” achieve better performance than the statistical and heuristic baseline approaches.
Persistent Pockets of Low Chlorine Residual in New York City's Drinking Water Distribution System: A Case Study
Authors: Savane Ousmane Sy , Khan Eakalak , Freud Salome , Murphy Amy , Tesfargiogis Kibre , Murray Virginia 
Published: October 2019

Key TakeawaysPockets of low chlorine residual have been found in New York City's water distribution system, with fluctuating water demand resulting from the seasonal operation of local institutions.Variations of the chlorine residual profiles in one such pocket were found through both field and laboratory investigations.Once the cast‐iron pipe was replaced with ductile‐iron pipe in the study area, an acceptable chlorine residual was usually maintained; when low chlorine residuals were observed, low‐velocity flushing remediated the situation.
Ferulic acid attenuates arsenic‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Panneerselvam Lakshmikanthan , Raghunath Azhwar , Ravi Manoj Srinivas , Vetrivel Amuthan , Subramaniam Vinothini , Sundarraj Kiruthika , Perumal Ekambaram 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArsenic (As), a potent environmental toxin, causes cardiac functional impairments. Ferulic acid (FA), a ubiquitous dietary hydroxycinnamate, exerts beneficial effects on human health. Hence, the present study investigated the effect of FA on myocardial oxidative stress parameters, ATP level, the status of cardiac cytoskeleton intermediate filaments—desmin and vimentin, and AMPK signaling proteins in As‐intoxicated rats. Wistar rats were administered orally with FA‐40 mg/kg and As‐5 mg/kg alone and in combination for 30 days. Myocardial As content, serum cardiac marker enzyme activities including creatine kinase‐isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase were increased in As‐exposed rats. An accumulation of myocardial oxidants such as reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl content, and histological aberrations was observed. A significant decrease of myocardial antioxidants comprises superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and ascorbic acid and declined expression of desmin and vimentin was noted. Impaired energy signaling molecules AMPKα (Thr172), AMPKβ1/2 (Ser108), ACC (Ser79), and intracellular myocardial ATP depletion were observed in As‐intoxicated animals. FA attenuates As‐induced cardiac dysfunction by restoring the expression of intermediate filaments and AMPK proteins. Based on the above findings, FA treatment could be used as a novel therapeutic against As‐induced cardiac dysfunction.
Electrochemical Reactors for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Muddemann Thorben , Haupt Dennis , Sievers Michael , Kunz Ulrich 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegarding the treatment of (waste)water, electrochemical processes have various advantages over other methods. They are robust, easy to operate and flexible in case of fluctuating wastewater streams. In addition, a relatively broad spectrum of organic and inorganic impurities can be removed. This contribution provides an overview of electrochemical reactors for water, process water, and wastewater treatment, which are already in technical‐scale operation or subject of research. Some essential basics of electrochemical processes for the treatment of water are presented and examples for applications are given. This is followed by a description of the reactors.