bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic climate change and heat effects on health
Authors: Christidis Nikolaos , Mitchell Dann , Stott Peter A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreasing extreme temperatures linked to human influence amplify thermal stress and can lead to decreases in work productivity and increases in heat‐related mortality. However, studies assessing in a formal statistical way the contribution of climate change to such impacts remain sparse. Two new indices are introduced here that measure the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the intensity and frequency of health‐relevant heat extremes. Maximum daily temperature data from observations and climate models are used to compute annual index values in different regions around the world. The models employed in the study are evaluated against observational data and only the 10 best are retained for the analysis. Human‐induced warming that leads to an increase in heat‐related deaths has reached about a degree in all continents and is projected to exceed 3° by 2100. All regions currently experience at least 10 additional days per year when thermal deaths are expected to occur, but the number is several times higher in warmer tropical regions, where it is estimated to exceed 100 days by the end of the century. Significant positive trends may also arise in smaller‐scale areas, as shown for central England. Adaptation to the warmer present‐day climate would take the edge off the intensity of warming conducive to a rise in heat mortality by 2100, reducing it by about a degree, but would have a more moderate effect on the frequency of heat mortality days. Index values are also computed with data from the Hadley Centre's attribution system, and annual assessments of the associated impacts are made, which are envisaged to become part of a developing climate service. A first application to the United Kingdom for two recent years demonstrates the kind of attribution information that can be made available to users.
Drowsiness associated with a generic fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin combination tablet
Authors: Lim Phei Ching , Lim Shueh Lin , Khaw Chong Hui , Lim Yen Li , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Chong Chee Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is limited documentation on adverse reactions associated with generic fixed‐dose combination antidiabetic drugs.AimThe aim of this study was to report the incidental finding of drowsiness associated with brand substitution of a fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin combination tablet.MethodsA prospective cross‐over study was conducted among 84 patients previously treated with a stable dose of 320 mg gliclazide coadministered with 2000 mg metformin. Patients were switched to two tablets twice daily of originator or generic fixed‐dose glibenclamide 2.5 mg/metformin 500 mg for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, patients who received originator fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin were switched to generic tablets, whereas patients who had received generic tablets were switched to originator tablets. Both groups were subsequently followed‐up for another 12 weeks.ResultsSix patients (7.14%) experienced drowsiness with generic fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin but not with the originator tablets. The patients complained of being unable to perform normal activities unless they had a nap. Blood glucose levels during these symptoms in four of the patients were between 8.3 and 9.4 mmol/L. There were no significant changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or HbA1c levels in any of the affected patients. One patient had a 9.3‐mmol/L decrease in FPG, but the HbA1c was still within the normal range.ConclusionThe cases of drowsiness with generic fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin were unlikely to be associated with hypoglycaemia.
Knowledge, attitude and perception of Malaysian pharmacy students towards doping in sports
Authors: Chan Siew Yuen , Lim Ming Chiang , Shamsuddin Ahmad Fuad , Tuan Mahmood Tuan Mazlelaa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDoping in sports has become an increasingly prominent issue worldwide. The use of various performance‐enhancing substances or methods can be detrimental to health.AimThe aim of this study was to measure the knowledge, attitude and perception of pharmacy students in Malaysia towards doping in sports.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional study. Final‐year pharmacy students studying in seven universities in Malaysia completed a self‐administered survey. The questionnaire collected demographic data, as well as information regarding students’ knowledge, attitude and perception of drugs in sport. For the students' knowledge, it was scored over the range 0–8, with higher scores indicating better knowledge.ResultsOverall, 273 respondents were included in the study. Most respondents were female, had a Cumulative Grade Points Average of 3.00–4.00, watched sports programs, played sports regularly and attended courses related to drugs in sport. Respondents had a moderate level of knowledge (median score of 5 ± 2). There was a significant difference in the level of knowledge between respondents who did and did not attend courses on drugs in sport (p < 0.01). Generally, respondents had negative attitudes towards statements on doping in sports. Respondents also had a good perception of the need to implement doping prevention initiatives.ConclusionPharmacy students in Malaysia had a moderate level of knowledge of and negative attitudes and perceptions towards doping in sports despite not all of them being enrolled in drugs in sport courses. The pharmacy curriculum in Malaysia should incorporate courses on drugs in sport throughout undergraduate studies to better promote the development of this domain.
Pharmacological management of common lactation problems
Authors: Lebedevs Tamara , Kendrick Claire 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe importance of breastfeeding is well recognised with benefits for both the mother and infant. Despite these benefits, women often cease breastfeeding prematurely after experiencing common problems such as breast and nipple pain or low breast milk supply in the early weeks of breastfeeding. Some mothers stop breastfeeding while taking medications to treat these conditions because of unfounded concern or inappropriate advice from healthcare providers. Most of these conditions can be managed without the need to stop breastfeeding. This review provides pharmacists with an understanding of common breastfeeding problems and outlines evidence‐based pharmacological management strategies for women experiencing these complications. All health professionals need to support mothers to continue breastfeeding for as long as they desire, and pharmacists have a unique role and a clear responsibility to provide up‐to‐date, evidence‐based information to empower breastfeeding mothers in their decision making to ensure breastfeeding is not stopped without good reason.
Raman spectroscopy study of the La‐modified (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.92Ba0.08TiO3 lead‐free ceramic system
Authors: Mendez‐González Y. , Peláiz‐Barranco A. , Curcio A.L. , Rodrigues A.D. , Guerra J.D.S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA Raman spectroscopy study has been performed, at room temperature, on the (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.92Ba0.08‐3x/2LaxTiO3 lead‐free ceramic system (with x = 0, 1, 2, and 3 at.% La). The signature of the Raman spectra showed that the structural properties were noticeably affected by the La3+‐ions concentration, revealing the coexistence of two phases for the studied compositions. The structural properties showed the presence of both ferroelectric (P4mm) and antiferroelectric (P4bm) tetragonal phases for the undoped composition (x = 0). For the La3+‐modified ceramics, both antiferroelectric tetragonal (P4bm) and ferroelectric rhombohedral (R3c) phases coexist. The behavior of the vibrational modes below 200 cm−1 suggests a predominant substitution of the Na+ ion by La3+ at the dodecahedral site of the perovskite structure. The results revealed a decrease of the tetragonal phase weight percent with the increase of the lanthanum concentration.
IgG4‐related disease: Association with a rare gene variant expressed in cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Newman John H. , Shaver Aaron , Sheehan Jonathan H. , Mallal Simon , Stone John H. , Pillai Shiv , Bastarache Lisa , Riebau Derek , Allard‐Chamard Hugues , Stone William M. , Perugino Cory , Pilkinton Mark , Smith Scott A. , McDonnell Wyatt J. , Capra John A. , Meiler Jens , Cogan Joy , Xing Kelly , Mahajan Vinay S. , Mattoo Hamid , Hamid Rizwan , Phillips John A. ,   Undiagnosed Disease Network
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamily screening of a 48‐year‐old male with recently diagnosed IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) revealed unanticipated elevations in plasma IgG4 in his two healthy teenaged sons.MethodsWe performed gene sequencing, immune cell studies, HLA typing, and analyses of circulating cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes and plasmablasts to seek clues to pathogenesis. DNA from a separate cohort of 99 patients with known IgG4‐RD was also sequenced for the presence of genetic variants in a specific gene, FGFBP2.ResultsThe three share a previously unreported heterozygous single base deletion in fibroblast growth factor binding protein type 2 (FGFBP2), which causes a frameshift in the coding sequence. The FGFBP2 protein is secreted by cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes and binds fibroblast growth factor. The variant sequence in the FGFBP2 protein is predicted to form a disordered random coil rather than a helical‐turn‐helix structure, unable to adopt a stable conformation. The proband and the two sons had 5–10‐fold higher numbers of circulating cytotoxic CD4 + T cells and plasmablasts compared to matched controls. The three members also share a homozygous missense common variant in FGFBP2 found in heterozygous form in ~40% of the population. This common variant was found in 73% of an independent, well characterized IgG4‐RD cohort, showing enrichment in idiopathic IgG4‐RD.ConclusionsThe presence of a shared deleterious variant and homozygous common variant in FGFBP2 in the proband and sons strongly implicates this cytotoxic T cell product in the pathophysiology of IgG4‐RD. The high prevalence of a common FGFBP2 variant in sporadic IgG4‐RD supports the likelihood of participation in disease.
Solving Challenges and Improving the Performance of Automotive Displays
Authors: Akhavan Tara , Yoo Hyunjin , Chubarau Andrei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs the number, size, and role of in‐vehicle screens expand, more dynamic content rendering is needed to ensure that drivers accurately perceive display information, regardless of lighting conditions or individual vision issues, according to IRYStec, a Canadian‐based start‐up that specializes in perceptual display processing technology. Here, Tara Akhavan, the company’s founder and chief technology officer, and her team present a software solution that they say can improve user experience exponentially.
A Review of Color Breakup Assessment for Field Sequential Color Display
Authors: Qin Zong , Zhang Yuning , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAssessing color breakup is a prevalent and intrinsic issue in field sequential color displays. Here, the authors review selected works on the topic, including studies on threshold display configurations for perceptible color breakup, metrics for special patterns, and metrics for natural images with varying contents.
Facile Preparation and Properties of Crosslinked Copolyether Elastomers with 1,2,3‐Triazole and Urethane Subunit via Click Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Ning , Mo Hongchang , Lu Xianming , Wang Yao , Xu Minghui , Shu Yuanjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn azide terminated ethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran copolymer with urethane segments (ATUPET) as a novel binder pre‐polymer, has been prepared through ethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran random copolymer (PET) end‐capping modification via one‐pot method. The structure characterization of the modifier has been analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GPC. In comparison with PET, ATUPET has a slightly higher viscosity because it has additional hydrogen bonding interaction generated by the urethane in ATUPET. Triazole cross‐linked elastomers based on ATUPET with various functional molar ratios were prepared using tripropargylamine as a curing agent and cross‐linker. Mechanical properties indicate that the modulus E and tensile strength σb exhibit a parabolic dependence with the increase in R. At around the stoichiometric ratio, the modulus E and tensile strength σb reach a maximum and the elongation at break exhibit an acceptable value at the same time. Swelling tests demonstrate that the apparent cross‐linking densities (N0) have a maximum value at the stoichiometric ratio. Thermal analysis shows that the ATUPET prepolymer and its polytriazoles elastomers exhibit a satisfactory stability. The results demonstrated that ATUPET might be a promising polymeric binder for future propellant formulations especially in the field of isocyanate‐free curing technology.
Digital vs face‐to‐face information provision in patient counselling for prenatal screening: A noninferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Leeuw Robert Adrianus , van der Horst Sabine Fiona Bianca , de Soet Anneloes Maaike , van Hensbergen Jeroen Patrick , Bakker Petra Cornelia Afra Maria , Westerman Michiel , de Groot Christianne Johanna Maria , Scheele Fedde 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate face‐to‐face information provision in patient counselling for prenatal screening compared with two forms of digital information provision, namely, noninteractive instructional video or interactive video.MethodWe performed a prospective, noninferiority, cluster‐randomized controlled trial comparing face‐to‐face (usual care) with two forms of digital information provision (intervention) in counselling for prenatal screening. This study was performed in the Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands, in 2017, and included women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Main outcomes were knowledge gained by the patient and counselling duration. We performed a noninferiority analysis.ResultsOne hundred forty‐one women were included, randomized, and analysed. The baseline characteristics were comparable. The intervention group was noninferior compared with the control group regarding the level of satisfaction. The knowledge grade difference was higher after using intervention, and the duration was significantly longer in the face‐to‐face group at 23 minutes versus 16 minutes. The addition of interaction with the video made no difference in any of the outcomes.ConclusionAdding an instructional video to patient counselling is of added value to improve patient's knowledge and shorten time consumption of the counsellor, therefore possibly saving costs. But this form of counselling maintains the same level of satisfaction.
Classification and characteristics of on‐label and off‐label apixaban use in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Linder Marie , Andersen Morten , Pedersen Alma B. , Madsen Morten , Schachterle Stephen E. , Ataher Quazi , Mo Jingping , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Ehrenstein Vera 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the proportion of apixaban users who received the drug for on‐label indications and characterise the patients using apixaban for on‐label and off‐label indications.MethodsWe report results from two independently conducted studies in Denmark and Sweden, with 19,709 Danish and 17,592 Swedish patients, who received at least one outpatient dispensing of apixaban as identified through nationwide prescription registries. Indications, inferred from inpatient and hospital diagnoses recorded at the initial apixaban dispensing, were classified as on‐label, off‐label, or unclassified according to the Summary of Product Characteristics. All diagnoses were retrieved using inpatient or outpatient hospital diagnoses at the first outpatient dispensing during the study period.ResultsMen comprised 52% of the users in both Denmark and Sweden. The median age was 76 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 68‐83 years) among Danish patients and 74 years (IQR: 67‐82 years) among Swedish patients. An on‐label indication could be assigned to 82.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 82.1%‐83.1%) of the Danish patients and 86.4% (95% CI: 85.9%‐86.9%) of the Swedish patients. The main on‐label indication for apixaban was non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), which accounted for 76.1% of the indications in Denmark and 69.1% of the indications in Sweden. Off‐label indications were assigned to 10.8% (95% CI: 10.3‐11.2) of the Danish patients (main indication possible mechanical heart valve) and 7.7% (95% CI: 7.3‐8.1) of the Swedish patients (main indication off‐label atrial fibrillation).ConclusionThe majority of apixaban initiators in Denmark and Sweden received apixaban for an on‐label indication, primarily for NVAF.
Multifunctional Gelatin Nanoparticle Integrated Microchip for Enhanced Capture, Release, and Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Wei Xiaoyun , Chen Keke , Wang Zixiang , Huang Ben , Wang Yuan , Yu Mingxia , Liu Wei , Guo Shi‐shang , Zhao Xing‐Zhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDetection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from patients has an important effect on clinical cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Here, an integrated microfluidic chip for efficient isolation and downstream analysis of CTCs is developed. This new designed platform, gelatin nanoparticle (GNP) integrated microchip, combines a series of curved herringbone structures, which generate enhanced interactions between CTCs and the immunomodified channel surface, with multifunctional GNP based nanostructured surface, which not only provide more binding sites for antibodies and targets and avoid nonspecific absorption of blood cells due to its electronegative surface charge, but also enable viable cell release under a mild enzymatic treatment. The chip allows cell isolation with ≈85% capture yield and ≈90% release efficiency using spiked cell samples. Results demonstrate that the released cancer cells maintain good viability and proliferation ability. Furthermore, the microchip is successfully applied to capture noninvasive release and genetically analyze CTCs from clinical cancer patients. The proposed platform may provide a potential in clinics.
“The more you did, the more it made sense”: Problem‐based learning to improve early evidence‐based practice in an undergraduate physiotherapy professional programme
Authors: Lennon Olive , Phelan Deirdre , Wallace Deborah , King Justin , Barrett Terry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and PurposeEvidence‐based practice (EBP), which integrates clinical reasoning skills, research evidence, and patient preference, has become standard in curricula for health care professional programs. Students however perceive EBP as difficult and often irrelevant to clinical practice.MethodsA problem‐based learning (PBL) approach is trialled in an early stage module where EBP knowledge and skills are stated learning outcomes. Prior to this, the content‐based approach to EBP teaching and learning received negative student feedback. The impact of delivering EBP through PBL is evaluated by comparing 5 standard Likert feedback scales and open‐ended question responses relating to the EBP instruction in the module before and after a PBL approach was implemented. The impact of a PBL approach on EBP profiles is further examined under domains (relevance, sympathy, terminology, practice, and confidence) of the validated Evidence‐based Practice Profile Questionnaire.ResultsAll mean Likert scores relating to subject understanding, relevance of assessments, achievement of learning outcomes, teaching, and overall module satisfaction improved when the PBL approach was compared with the lecture‐based format (p < 0.05). Student comment post‐PBL continued to identify EBP as a difficult concept, but now comments on the teaching and assessment approach were mainly positive, addressing the collaborative nature of PBL, identifying EBP, communication and team‐working skills acquired, praising the real life, practical application of EBP taken, and commenting on improvement in EBP self‐efficacy. Within group change in the Evidence‐based Practice Profile Questionnaire following a PBL approach identified significant improvement in EBP domains of terminology (mean change 3.38; p < 0.001); practice (mean change 16.5; p < 0.001), and confidence (mean change 10.1; p = 0.008). Conceptual links, based on constructivist underpinnings of PBL and EBP, are developed in the paper.ConclusionsUsing mixed methods evaluation, PBL is effective at promoting early EBP. Students identified with the interactive, collaborative, and experiential nature of PBL to EBP instruction.
Atg2: A novel phospholipid transfer protein that mediates de novo autophagosome biogenesis
Authors: Osawa Takuo , Noda Nobuo N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe degradation of cytoplasmic components via autophagy is crucial for intracellular homeostasis. In the process of autophagy, a newly synthesized isolation membrane (IM) is developed to sequester degradation targets and eventually the IM seals, forming an autophagosome. One of the most poorly understood autophagy‐related proteins is Atg2, which is known to localize to a contact site between the edge of the expanding IM and the exit site of the endoplasmic reticulum (ERES). Recent advances in structural and biochemical analyses have been applied to Atg2 and have revealed it to be a novel multifunctional protein that tethers membranes and transfers phospholipids between them. Considering that Atg2 is essential for the expansion of the IM that requires phospholipids as building blocks, it is suggested that Atg2 transfers phospholipids from the ERES to the IM during the process of autophagosome formation, suggesting that lipid transfer proteins can mediate de novo organelle biogenesis.
The structural and biochemical impacts of monomerizing human acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Bester Stephanie M. , Adipietro Kaylin A. , Funk Vanessa L. , Myslinski James M. , Keul Nicholas D. , Cheung Jonah , Wilder Paul T. , Wood Zachary A. , Weber David J. , Height Jude J. , Pegan Scott D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractServing a critical role in neurotransmission, human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) is the target of organophosphate nerve agents. Hence, there is an active interest in studying the mechanism of inhibition and recovery of enzymatic activity, which could lead to better countermeasures against nerve agents. As hAChE is found in different oligomeric assemblies, certain approaches to studying it have been problematic. Herein, we examine the biochemical and structural impact of monomerizing hAChE by using two mutations: L380R/F535K. The activities of monomeric hAChE L380R/F535K and dimeric hAChE were determined to be comparable utilizing a modified Ellman's assay. To investigate the influence of subunit–subunit interactions on the structure of hAChE, a 2.1 Å X‐ray crystallographic structure was determined. Apart from minor shifts along the dimer interface, the overall structure of the hAChE L380R/F535K mutant is similar to that of dimeric hAChE. To probe whether the plasticity of the active site was overtly impacted by monomerizing hAChE, the kinetic constants of (PR/S) − VX (ethyl({2‐[bis(propan‐2‐yl)amino]ethyl}sulfanyl)(methyl)phosphinate) inhibition and subsequent rescue of hAChE L380R/F535K activity with HI‐6 (1‐(2′‐hydroxyiminomethyl‐1′‐pyridinium)‐3‐(4′‐carbamoyl‐1‐pyridinium)) were determined and found to be comparable to those of dimeric hAChE. Thus, hAChE L380R/F535K could be used as a substitute for dimeric hAChE when experimentally probing the ability of the hAChE active site to accommodate future nerve agent threats or judge the ability of new therapeutics to access the active site.