bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
20‐Hydroxyecdysone enhances Immulectin‐1 mediated immune response against entomogenous fungus in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Han Pengfei , Han Jiao , Zhang Min , Fan Jiqiao , Gong Qitian , Ma Enbo , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEntomogenous fungi are important factors in biological control, but innate immunity of insects restricts the efficiency of fungus infection. 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) is involved in regulating the immune response of insects. Our previous studies have revealed that 20E enhances the expression of antibacterial peptides in the worldwide pest Locusta migratoria. However, the mechanism by which 20E controls innate immunity against entomogenous fungi is still unknown.ResultsIn the present study, based on the transcriptome of L. migratoria fat bodies challenged by 20E, immulectin‐1 (LmIML‐1) was screened and identified to be involved in modulating antifungal immunity. Spatio‐temporal expression analysis showed LmIML‐1 was highly expressed in the fifth instar nymph stage, and mainly distributed in the fat bodies and hemolymph. Both exogenous and endogenous 20E could increase the transcription of LmIML‐1. In contrast, transcription of LmIML‐1 did not increase when the 20E signal was blocked by RNAi of LmEcR (ecdysone receptor). The expressed recombinant protein rLmIML‐1 possessed agglutination activity and promoted the encapsulation. RNA interference of LmIML‐1 reduced the encapsulation of hemocytes, decreased the antifungal activity of plasma against Metarhizium anisopliae and accelerated the death of nymphs under the stress of entomogenous fungus. Meanwhile, 20E did not increase the antifungal activity with silence of LmIML‐1 in L. migratoria.Conclusion20E enhances antifungal immunity by activating immulectin‐1 in L. migratoria. Our findings indicate a potential mechanism of 20E systematically regulating innate immune response to resist pathogens and provide a well‐defined molecular target for improving biological control. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Genome‐wide markers reveal temporal instability of local population genetic structure in the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Raszick Tyler J , Suh Charles P‐C , Dickens Charles Michael , Sword Gregory A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a pest of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae), that attacks pre‐floral buds (squares), leading to abscission and yield losses. In the Brazos Valley cotton production area of Texas (USA), P. seriatus exhibits a seasonal pattern of host use. In spring, eggs hatch from stems of the overwintering host, woolly croton, Croton capitatus Michx. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae). During the growing season, individuals feed on a variety of host plants, including cotton. Adults return to woolly croton at season end to oviposit. We investigated if genetic differentiation exists between populations infesting cotton and those infesting alternative hosts, and whether woolly croton serves as a year‐end site of admixture that could be suitable as a natural refuge for the purposes of insect resistance management. We combined high‐throughput DNA sequencing with fine‐scale spatio‐temporal sampling to test (i) whether a population genomic approach would recover patterns of genetic variation consistent with earlier studies and (ii) if local genetic population structure was robust to seasonal changes in local habitat over time.RESULTSWe found high gene flow among populations of P. seriatus collected from different host plants in the Brazos Valley. We also identified temporal instability of the local population genetic structure, including the near complete loss of a genotypic group that had been previously abundant.CONCLUSIONWe support the status of woolly croton as a natural refuge that promotes year‐end gene flow between genotypes infesting cotton and those infesting alternative hosts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a Yersinia entomophaga bait for control of larvae of the porina moth (Wiseana spp.), a pest of New Zealand improved grassland systems
Authors: Hurst Mark RH , Swaminathan Jayanthi , Wright David A , Hardwick Scott , Ferguson Colin M , Beattie Amy , Richards Nicola K , Harper Lincoln , Moss Ray A , Cave Vanessa M , van Koten Chikako , McNeill Mark R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPorina is the common name for moths and larvae of the genus Wiseana (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), some of which are significant pasture pests in New Zealand. Because of environmental concerns and the non‐target effects of insecticide control measures, biological alternatives for the control of insect pests such as porina are required.RESULTSUsing a food preference assay and time‐lapse photography, a range of low‐cost food ingredients were assessed for their palatability to porina larvae. Lead candidates were combined into extruded bait variants, allowing assessment of their palatability to porina larvae. A composite bait consisting of palatable ingredients was developed, into which the porina‐active entomopathogen Yersinia entomophaga was incorporated. A 7 day minimum median lethal dose of approximately 6.0 × ±1 × 106 Y. entomophaga cells per 0.02 g of bait was defined. Field trials showed that the mean change in larval density over time differed between treatments, with Y. entomophaga bait applied at 87 kg ha−1 resulting in a mean 65% reduction in larval density relative to the control plots, and diflubenzuron treatment resulting in a mean 77% reduction relative to the control plots. The mean dry matter yields over the course of the trial were highest for diflubenzuron (5029 kg ha−1), followed by the Y. entomophaga (4783 kg ha−1) and control (4673 kg ha−1) treatments.CONCLUSIONSThe bacterium Y. entomophaga applied as a composite bait offers an environmentally sustainable approach for porina pest control. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
“One size does not fit all”: Spatial nonstationarity in the determinants of elderly residential isolation in historicalEurope
Authors: Szołtysek Mikołaj , Ogórek Bartosz , Poniat Radosław , Gruber Siegfried 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe extent of elderly residential isolation from kin varied considerably between European historical societies, but few attempts have been made to understand these patterns systematically across space. So far, large‐scale accounts of factors underlying these patterns have calibrated a global model based on a single regression equation, thus implicitly assuming that the relationships between elderly living arrangements and their correlates are spatially constant. Drawing on insights from quantitative geography, we hypothesise that the relationships between living arrangements and meso‐level characteristics varied significantly over space provoking different responses to the same stimuli at different locations. We confirm this hypothesis by applying geographically weighted regression to data on 277 regional populations across historical Europe and demonstrating that these relationships were indeed spatially contingent. Our bottom line results suggest that in historic Europe, there were regions distinct not only in terms of the magnitude of living without kin but also with respect to the underlying determinants of levels of residential isolation.
Does monsoon gyre always favour tropical cyclone rapid intensification?
Authors: Yan Ziyu , Ge Xuyang , Peng Melinda , Li Tim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, potential impacts of monsoon gyres (MG) on the development of a tropical cyclone (TC) are investigated using idealized numerical simulations. When a TC is embedded in an MG, our results show that its development is slower, and its intensity is weaker compared with that evolved with no background flow. We identified three MG dynamic mechanisms that can affect TC development. First, the superposition of TC and MG circulations produce a larger outer size for the TC. A TC with a larger size develops slowly and has a reduced capacity to organize convection through vorticity segregation process. Deep convection is located mainly outside the radius of maximum wind, resulting in slower intensification rates. Secondly, when the TC is embedded on the eastern flank of the MG, its outer profile becomes barotropically unstable. The asymmetric perturbations exhibit an up‐shear tilting, which extracts kinetic energy from the primary vortex and thus hinders TC intensification. In the third mechanism, the vertical baroclinic nature of the MG imposes an ambient vertical wind shear on the TC, leading to a vertical tilting and increased asymmetric perturbation that hinders TC intensification. The MG relative humidity also impacts TC intensification, with negative impacts greater in drier environments.
Three‐Dimensional Mesoporous Straw‐like Co3O4 Anode with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Li , Dai Jing , Jiang Gaoxue , Sun Xinyu , Huang Zhuohui , Xie Zhengjun , Cao Bingqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, a three‐dimensional (3D) mesoporous straw‐like Co3O4 was prepared via a simple hydrothermal synthesis with cobalt acetate as the cobalt source and p‐phthalic acid as the precipitator. The straw‐like Co3O4 comprises lots of superposed nanosheets with thicknesses of 100–150 nm. Co3O4 nanosheets are assembled with irregular nanoparticles and there are a number of holes in the interior of nanosheets. When employed as an anode for rechargeable Li‐ion batteries, 3D mesoporous straw‐like Co3O4 indicates superior electrochemical activities. The discharge specific capacity maintains in about 1194 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 400 mA g−1. This straw‐like Co3O4 also delivers a high capacity of 956 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles at 800 mA g−1. The capacitive and diffusion behaviors are responsible for the superior Li+ storage of 3D mesoporous straw‐like Co3O4. The facile synthesis method and good electrochemical performances make the 3D mesoporous straw‐like Co3O4 a good candidate with enhanced electrochemical performance for Li‐ion batteries.
Neuartige Sandwichfahrbahnplatte für Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Takács Patrik , Fink Josef 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEine neu entwickelte, extrem schlanke Steel‐Concrete‐Steel‐Composite‐(SCSC‐)Platte soll als Fahrbahnplatte für Eisenbahnbrücken in Trogbrückenbauweise dienen. Namensgebend ist der mehrschichtige Aufbau der Platte, die aus zwei außen liegenden Stahlblechen mit unbewehrtem Betonkern besteht. Lochdübelleisten mit einem Achsabstand von 500 mm werden wechselweise am oberen und am unteren Blech angeschweißt, sie dienen der Schubübertragung zwischen den äußeren Blechen durch die Aktivierung von horizontal liegenden, diagonalen Betondruckstreben zwischen benachbarten Dübelleisten. Untersuchungen zur Tragfähigkeit ohne Ermüdung sowie die Erläuterung des Tragmechanismus der SCSC‐Platte erfolgten in [1, 2]. Die aktuellen Forschungen konzentrieren sich auf das Ermüdungsverhalten der Lochdübelleisten. Ziel war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Niveau der Verkehrslast (Lastmodell 71 [3]) und der ertragbaren Anzahl der Schwingspiele, bis Rissbildung in den Dübelleisten entsteht, zu quantifizieren.Die rechnerische Beurteilung der Lebensdauer der Lochdübelleiste wurde anhand nichtlinearer FE‐Berechnungen mit Abaqus/Explizit [4] zur Ermittlung der Spannungen und Dehnungen als Eingangsgrößen für die Kerbdehnungsmethode [5] bereits in [6, 7] vorgestellt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung der experimentellen Untersuchungen und einen Vergleich der Ergebnisse aus den Versuchen mit den rechnerisch ermittelten Lebensdauerwerten.
A review of the method and validation of the MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics Solution
Authors: England Ryan , Harbison Sallyann 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe MiSeq FGx™ Forensic Genomics Solution (MFGS; Verogen Inc.) is a massively parallel sequencing workflow using Illumina sequencing technology. The workflow includes the ForenSeq™ DNA Signature Prep kit, the MiSeq FGx™, and the ForenSeq™ Universal Analysis Software (UAS). This review explores the molecular biology and bioinformatic methods used during the preparation of samples into sequencing libraries, the MiSeq FGx™ sequencing process, and the data analysis. We highlight what happens during each of these steps and how they influence the final results, while identifying limitations and possible improvements. After initial evaluations established its suitability for forensic applications, a number of studies have completed forensic validation studies. We review this work, and find the MFGS has shown to be a reliable and robust technology. The successful validation of the solution has allowed its implementation into forensic casework in a number of jurisdictions. Some questions still remain around the normalization of the sequencing libraries, and the bioinformatic processing and analysis of the sequencing results. In particular, the markers for biogeographical ancestry and externally visible characteristics require further research into their performance, and the ForenSeq™ UAS, in its current form, is limited in its ability to accurately predict these characteristics. We suggest a number of alternative bioinformatic tools that could be used instead.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Forensic Biology > Phenotypic Markers
Forensic Biology > Ancestry Determination using DNA Methods
Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 4
Authors: Nejadnik Hossein , Tseng Jessica , Daldrup‐Link Heike 
Published: June 2019

The cover image is based on the Focus Article Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Stem Cell–Macrophage Interactions with Ferumoxytol and Ferumoxytol‐Derived Nanoparticles by Hossein Nejadnik, Jessica Tseng, and Heike Daldrup‐Link. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1552.
image
Time Series Forecasting by Recommendation: An Empirical Analysis on Amazon Marketplace
Authors: Gómez-Losada Álvaro , Duch-Brown Néstor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study proposes a forecasting methodology for univariate time series (TS) using a Recommender System (RS). The RS is built from a given TS as only input data and following an item-based Collaborative Filtering approach. A set of top-N values is recommended for this TS which represent the forecasts. The idea is to emulate RS elements (the users, items and ratings triple) from the TS. Two TS obtained from Italy’s Amazon webpage were used to evaluate this methodology and very promising performance results were obtained, even the difficult environment chosen to conduct forecasting (short length and unevenly spaced TS). This performance is dependent on the similarity measure used and suffers from the same problems that other RSs (e.g., cold-start). However, this approach does not require high computational power to perform and its intuitive conception allows for being deployed with any programming language.
Treatment and Outcome of 341 Papillary Breast Lesions
Authors: Chen Peixian , Zhou Dan , Wang Chuan , Ye Guolin , Pan Ruilin , Zhu Lewei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPapillary breast lesions constitute a pathological heterogeneous group and display diverse clinical and imaging features. This study was conducted to analyze the upgrade rate of intraductal papilloma diagnosed on core needle biopsy and to assess the possible risk factors associated with upgrade to higher‐risk lesions. We also examined the long‐term outcomes in patients who received resection of the papillary lesions.Materials and methodsThe clinical and pathology records of 324 female patients who were diagnosed with papillary lesions based on core needle biopsy (CNB) from February 2010 to October 2016 at our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped by initial diagnosis into two groups (papilloma with or without atypia) and followed‐up for long‐term outcomes. For the upgrade to higher‐risk lesions after excision, upgraded lesions were compared with benign papillomas for the collected variables.ResultsA total of 341 lesions were included for final analysis, and all were available for follow‐up. Papillomas with or without atypia diagnosed by CNB were found in 9 and 332 lesions, respectively. Papillomas without atypia on CNB were treated by open excision (n = 265) or vacuum‐assisted biopsy (VAB) (n = 67), which yielded similar event‐free rate (p = 0.19). The upgrade rate of this group to higher‐risk lesions was 9.9%. Peripheral (p = 0.011) lesions in postmenopausal (p = 0.001) or older (p = 0.001) patients with papillomas without atypia based on CNB showed significantly higher upgrade rates. Papillomas with atypia on CNB were all managed by open excision, and concurrent malignancy was found in two lesions.ConclusionIn conclusion, our results support benign papillary lesions based on CNB require further treatment. Peripheral lesions occurring in older or postmenopausal women are at higher risk for upgrade.
The Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Housing and Living Arrangements
Authors: Pilkauskas Natasha , Michelmore Katherine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As rents have risen and wages have not kept pace, housing affordability in the United States has declined over the last 15 years, impacting the housing and living arrangements of low-income families. Housing subsidies improve the housing situations of low-income families, but less than one in four eligible families receive a voucher. In this article, we analyze whether one of the largest anti-poverty programs in the United States—the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)—affects the housing (eviction, homelessness, and affordability) and living arrangements (doubling up, number of people in the household, and crowding) of low-income families. Using the Current Population Survey, the American Community Survey/decennial census, and the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we employ a parameterized difference-in-differences strategy to examine whether policy-induced expansions to the EITC affect the housing and living arrangements of single mothers. Results suggest that a $1,000 increase in the EITC improves housing by reducing housing cost burdens, but it has no effect on eviction or homelessness. Increases in the EITC also reduce doubling up (living with additional, nonnuclear family adults)—in particular, doubling up in someone else’s home—and reduce three-generation/multigenerational coresidence, suggesting that mothers have a preference to live independently. We find weak evidence for a reduction in overall household size, yet the EITC does reduce household crowding. Although the EITC is not an explicit housing policy, expansions to the EITC are generally linked with improved housing outcomes for single mothers and their children.
Measuring Cohabitation in U.S. National Surveys
Authors: Manning Wendy D. , Joyner Kara , Hemez Paul , Cupka Cassandra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cohabitation is one of the fastest growing family forms in the United States. It is widespread and continues to increase but has not been consistently measured across surveys. It is important to track the quality of data on cohabitation because it has implications for research on the correlates and consequences of cohabitation for adults and children. Recent rounds of the Current Population Survey (CPS), National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY-97), and National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) provide an opportunity to contrast estimates of cohabitation status and experience using nationally representative data sets and assess the quality of data on cohabitation in these data sets. Results demonstrated that the surveys provide similar estimates of current cohabitation status, except the CPS resulted in lower estimates. In terms of cohabitation experience (i.e., having ever cohabited), Add Health produced higher estimates, whereas both the NSFG and NLSY-97 produced lower estimates. We documented a strong education gradient across all surveys, with lower levels of current cohabitation and cohabitating experience and with increases in educational attainment. Racial/ethnic differences in cohabitation were inconsistent across surveys. We discuss aspects of sampling and measurement that potentially explain differences in estimates. Our findings have implications not only for survey design but also for the interpretation of results based on these four national surveys.
A Methodology to Empirically Assess National and Farm-Specific Damages from Contamination of Grain Supply by a Genetically Engineered Strain
Authors: Capps Oral , Babula Ronald A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn May 29, 2013, the U.S. government announced that contamination of non–genetically engineered wheat supplies occurred. We provide a methodology to empirically assess the impacts of this contamination event on national prices and on farm-specific prices and receipts for spring red hard wheat. Results suggest that U.S. spring red hard wheat farmers in the aggregate had lost receipts ranging from $32.77 million to $131.06 million and incurred a drop of 3.83% in wheat price equivalent to $0.27 per bushel. At the farm level, ahypotheticalfarmer received $0.31 less per bushel culminating in $4,807 in lost receipts.
Social Welfare Effects of Transparency and Misinformation in a Political Economy
Authors: Bullock David S. , Mittenzwei Klaus , Josling Timothy E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a game-theoretical model arguing that greater public transparency does not necessarily lead to higher social welfare. Political agents can benefit from providing citizens with misleading information aimed at aligning citizens’ choices with the political agents’ preferences. Citizens can lose from being fooled by political agents, though they can mitigate their losses by conducting costly inspections to detect false information. Producing and detecting false information is costly and can reduce social welfare.
Racial differences in two measures of trust in biomedical research
Authors: Cunningham-Erves Jennifer , Villalta-Gil Victoria , Wallston Kenneth A. , Boyer Alaina P. , Wilkins Consuelo H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Lack of trust toward medical research is a major barrier to research participation, particularly among some population groups. Valid measures of trust are needed to develop appropriate interventions. The study purpose was to compare two previously validated scales that measure trust in biomedical research – one developed by Hall et al. (H-TBR; 2006) and the other by Mainous et al. (M-TBR; 2006) – in relation to socio-demographic variables and attitudes toward research. Differences between Black and White respondents were explored.Methods:Two nearly identical surveys – one with H-TBR and the other with M-TBR – were systematically administered to a convenience sample. Internal consistency reliability of each scale was assessed. Associations were computed between scores on each scale with attitudes toward biomedical research and demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, race, and socioeconomic status). The difference between White and Black respondents on each TBR score while controlling for age, education, and race was also investigated.Results:A total of 2020 participants completed the H-TBR survey; 1957 completed the M-TBR survey. Mean item scores for M-TBR were higher (F = 56.05, p < 0.001) among Whites than Blacks. Whites also had higher mean item scores than Blacks on H-TBR (F = 7.09, p < 0.001). Both scales showed a strong association with participants’ perceived barriers to research (ps < 0.001) and significant, positive correlations with interest in research participation (ps < 0.001). Age and household income were positive predictors of TBR scores, but the effects of education differed.Conclusions:Both scales are internally consistent and show associations with attitudes toward research. Whites score higher than Blacks on both TBR scales, even while controlling for age and socioeconomic status.