bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult firefly abundance is linked to weather during the larval stage in the previous year
Authors: Evans Tracy R. , Salvatore Donald , van de Pol Martijn , Musters C.J.M. 
Published: November 2018

1. Much is known about the brief adult phase of fireflies. However, fireflies spend a relatively long developmental period under the soil surface. Climatic and soil conditions may directly affect the eggs, larvae, and pupae, and also affect them indirectly through predators, competitors, and prey items. Climatic conditions during the early life stages of this iconic species are therefore relevant to their hypothesised decline within the context of global warming.2. Data on the abundance of fireflies were extracted from the publicly available citizen dataset across North America over a period of 9 years. The effects of weather in the 24 months before the observations of firefly abundance were documented based on 6761 observations.3. Climatic conditions during both the larval and adult phases have a non‐linear effect on adult firefly abundance. Maximum winter and spring temperatures and mean precipitation in the 20‐month period before the observations had the greatest impact on the abundance of firefly adults. Low maximum soil moisture during the 5–19 months preceding the observations affected the adult abundance negatively, and high maximum soil moisture affected it positively.4. After correcting the firefly abundance for these weather effects, it is estimated that the abundance of fireflies increased over the time period of this study.5. This study suggests that early life climatic conditions have a small but significant impact on adult firefly abundance with a total R2 of 0.017.
Bail‐in rules and the pricing of Italian bank bonds
Authors: Crespi Fabrizio , Giacomini Emanuela , Mascia Danilo V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe analyze whether the introduction of the bail‐in tool in January 2016 affected the pricing of Italian bank bonds. Using a unique dataset of 1,798 fixed‐rate bonds issued during the period 2013–2016, we find an increase of the spread at issuance of bail‐inable bonds compared to non‐bail‐inable bonds. This increase also depends on the intrinsic characteristics of each bank. Large institutions, banks with lower ratings, profitability, capitalization, and higher liquidity faced a higher cost of issuing bail‐inable bonds. Overall, our results seem to support the hypothesis of an improved market discipline for the bank bond primary market.
Comparative multi‐scale hierarchical structure of the tail, plantaris, and Achilles tendons in the rat
Authors: Lee Andrea H. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRodent tendons are widely used to study human pathologies such as tendinopathy and repair, and to address fundamental physiological questions about development, growth, and remodeling. However, how the gross morphology and multi‐scale hierarchical structure of rat tendons, such as the tail, plantaris, and Achilles tendons, compare with that of human tendons are unknown. In addition, there remains disagreement about terminology and definitions. Specifically, the definitions of fascicle and fiber are often dependent on diameter sizes, not their characteristic features, and these definitions impair the ability to compare hierarchical structure across species, where the sizes of the fiber and fascicle may change with animal size and tendon function. Thus, the objective of the study was to select a single species that is commonly used for tendon research (rat) and tendons with varying mechanical functions (tail, plantaris, Achilles) to evaluate the hierarchical structure at multiple length scales using histology, SEM, and confocal imaging. With the exception of the specialized rat tail tendon, we confirmed that in rat tendons there are no fascicles and the fiber is the largest subunit. In addition, we provided a structurally based definition of a fiber as a bundle of collagen fibrils that is surrounded by elongated cells, and this definition was supported by both histologically processed and unprocessed samples. In all rat tendons studied, the fiber diameters were consistently between 10 and 50 μm, and this diameter range appears to be conserved across larger species. Specific recommendations were made highlighting the strengths and limitations of each rat tendon as a research model. Understanding the hierarchical structure of tendon can advance the design and interpretation of experiments and development of tissue‐engineered constructs.
Moving Past Dichotomies of Fathering Roles: A New Approach
Authors: Arsenault Ken , Stykes J. Bart 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study revisits conceptual and operational definitions of fatherhood status to better account for family complexity characteristic of contemporary families.BackgroundFamily complexity has emerged as a theme in research on contemporary families in the United States. Scholars have revisited methodological approaches to more readily document diversity and complexity characteristic of many families. Yet, the current conceptualization and operationalization of fatherhood status has lagged by focusing on a man's ties to one focal child.MethodThe authors advocate for an approach that encapsulates ties men have with biological resident children, nonresident biological children, and resident stepchildren simultaneously. Analyses make use of the 2006 to 2015 National Survey of Family Growth, a nationally representative, repeated cross‐section and employ descriptive and multivariate analyses to identify the prevalence of various fatherhood statuses and consider the implications for father involvement among nonresident fathers.ResultsFindings indicated that one in five fathers' ties to children were not adequately described by traditional approaches to measuring fatherhood. In addition, complexity in fatherhood status was only marginally associated with nonresident biological fathers' economic support to children when sociodemographic characteristics were considered.ConclusionTraditional approaches proved most problematic for non‐White and socioeconomically disadvantaged men. We demonstrate the utility of our proposed approach to measuring fatherhood status by considering its linkage with nonresident father involvement and conclude by considering the implications these findings have for family policy.
Brain Atrophy in Natalizumab‐treated Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A 5‐year Retrospective Study
Authors: Eisele Philipp , Szabo Kristina , Ebert Anne , Platten Michael , Gass Achim 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEStudies demonstrated a higher brain volume loss in the first year after initiation of natalizumab treatment than in the second year, but the experiences beyond 24 months are scarce until now. We investigated the evolution of brain volume changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving natalizumab for at least 60 months.METHODSUsing annual 3‐dimensional magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) sequences acquired on a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated percentage brain volume changes (PBVCs) in 10 MS patients (9 women, mean age at baseline MRI = 29 ± 9 years; median Expanded Disability Status Scale = 2 ± 1.5; mean disease duration = 6 ± 5 years) after 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months.RESULTSPBVCs were statistically higher during the first 12 months (−1.48 ± 1.05%) when compared to 12‐24 months (−.6 ± .61%; P < .05), but not between 12‐24 and 24‐36 months (−.43 ± .54%), 24‐36 and 36‐48 months (−.28 ± .49%), and 36‐48 and 48‐60 months (−.33 ± .49%; P > .05 for all comparisons).CONCLUSIONOur results contribute to the increasing knowledge of PBVCs in natalizumab‐treated MS patients. Our data suggests that after a significant PBVC decrease in the first year, brain atrophy rates show a slowdown during long‐term follow‐up.
Subjectively‐defined optimal/non‐optimal time of day modulates controlled but not automatic retrieval processes in verbal memory
Authors: Puttaert Delphine , Adam Stéphane , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPerformance for controlled, resource‐demanding retrieval in episodic memory has been consistently found to be better at an optimal compared with non‐optimal time of the day, evidencing a synchrony effect. However, performance in memory tasks in which retrieval is mostly based on automatic processes was inconclusively found either to be better at a non‐optimal time of day or independent of synchrony effects. A caveat in most prior studies is that optimal/non‐optimal time of day is based on morningness–eveningness composite scores derived from chronotype questionnaires, which might not efficiently predict subjectively‐defined cognitive efficiency periods. An additional caveat is that separate tasks are used to assess explicit and implicit retrieval in verbal memory. Indeed, no task is process‐pure, and both controlled and automatic retrieval processes may potentially contribute to retrieval scores in different types of memory tasks. In the present study, we investigated the impact of individually defined subjective optimal/non‐optimal time of day on verbal memory retrieval, using an adaptation of the Process‐Dissociation Procedure that allows estimating the respective contributions of automatic and controlled memory retrieval processes within the same memory task. Our results disclose a higher involvement of controlled processes at subjectively optimal compared with non‐optimal time of day, but no differences for automatic processes. Synchrony effects and subjectively‐defined peaks and troughs of performance for controlled components of memory retrieval should be considered in the evaluation of episodic memory.
Beyond forest habitat qualities: Climate and tree characteristics as the major drivers of epiphytic macrolichen assemblages in temperate mountains
Authors: Janssen Philippe , Fuhr Marc , Bouget Christophe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow are epiphytic macrolichen assemblages shaped by forest habitat quality as reflected by the availability of late‐developmental forest attributes (i.e., stand maturity) and the temporal continuity of the wooded state (i.e., forest continuity)? Are these two forest habitat features the main drivers of lichen assemblages, and if so, at which spatial scale?Study SiteTemperate mountain forests in the French Northern Alps.MethodsIn our sampling design, we defined treatments by crossing forest continuity (ancient vs recent) and stand maturity (mature vs overmature), then quantified lichen response to the treatments at the stand (n = 70) and tree scales (n = 420). We distinguished between total macrolichen andLobarionspecies alone. Finally, we assessed the influence of tree‐, stand‐ and landscape‐scale variables, as well as climatic variables.ResultsNeither total macrolichen norLobariondiversity and composition were influenced by forest continuity, stand maturity or by stand‐ or landscape‐associated variables. Instead, climatic variables, light availability at the stand scale and host tree characteristics were the major drivers of lichen assemblages. In our mountain forests, this clearly shows that macrolichen were more influenced by local abiotic and biotic factors than by present or past human‐induced activities.ConclusionsOverall, we show that assemblage patterns in forest ecosystems may be driven by parameters that are not directly related to habitat quality. The influences of forest continuity and stand maturity on diversity and composition thus appear to be context‐dependent. In the ecological context of alpine forests, these findings highlight the benefits of selective‐cutting practices and illustrate the importance of structural heterogeneity, in terms of both improved accessibility to light and tree diameter diversity. Finally, the importance of temperature in shaping assemblage patterns suggests that global warming is probably the most significant threat to macrolichen conservation in temperate mountain forests.
Bladder dysfunction does not affect long‐term success rate of the retropubic suburethral sling procedure in women with stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Ong Hueih Ling , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated the long‐term success rate of retropubic suburethral sling in the treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and different bladder function.MethodsSurgical outcomes of women with SUI undergoing a retropubic suburethral sling procedure between October 1989 and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Bladder function was evaluated in every patient preoperatively using videourodynamic studies. Patients were classified as having stable bladder, detrusor overactivity (DO), or detrusor underactivity (DU). Baseline urodynamic parameters were analyzed and long‐term therapeutic outcomes were compared among these three groups.ResultsIn all, 403 patients underwent sling procedure for SUI. Of these, 291 (72.2%) had a stable bladder, 78 (19.4%) had DO, and 34 (8.4%) had DU. Mean (± SD) patient age was 60.2 ± 11.8 years, and the median follow‐up was 97 months (interquartile range 24–325 months). Postoperatively, the overall continence rate was 83.4% (336/403). After surgery, 71 patients (17.6%) complained of dysuria, 14 (3.5%) complained of urgency incontinence, 25 (6.2%) had recurrent SUI requiring a secondary sling procedure, and urethrolysis was performed in 13 (3.2%). In the stable bladder, DO, and DU groups, the 5‐year continence rates were 88.6%, 84.1%, and 79.4%, respectively (P = 0.59), whereas the 10‐year continence rates were 83.8%, 72.9%, and 79.4%, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the long‐term success rate was similar among the three groups (P = 0.39).ConclusionsThe overall continence rate was 83.4% and the 10‐year continence rate was satisfactory in all bladder function subgroups. Treatment outcomes were the same for women with SUI but different bladder function.
Book Review: Molecular population genetics. Matthew Hahn
Authors: Smith Chris C. R. , Scordato Elizabeth S. C. , Taylor Scott A. , Tittes Silas , Vergara Daniela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRapid progress in the field of population genetics, in particular advances in DNA sequencing technology, calls for an up‐to‐speed textbook that is appropriate for current researchers and students. Molecular Population Genetics, by Matthew Hahn (), is an informative and entertaining text that attempts to satisfy this demand. Although it has notable shortcomings and does not replace current texts for undergraduate courses, this book is a worthwhile resource for almost any researcher analysing population genetic data and is a must‐have for graduate student reading lists.
The macroecology and macroevolution of plant species at risk
Authors: Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

Contents

Summary
708

I.
Introduction
708

II.
Fossils and phylogenies: learning from our past
708

III.
Threatened species and Red Lists
710

IV.
The geography of threat
710

V.
The taxonomy of threat
710

VI.
Predicting species at risk
711

VII.
Conclusion
711

Acknowledgements
712

References
712

SummaryCurrent rates of extinction are unprecedented in human history. The fossil record and newer molecular phylogenies illuminate historical patterns of speciation and extinction. They reveal both spectacular radiations and the characteristic features of mass extinction events in our geological past. The IUCN Red List provides insight into present‐day species declines. There is emerging synthesis that species at risk are nonrandomly distributed across space and phylogeny. This pattern may be explained by geographical variation in driver intensity and species differential sensitivities. However, traits that confer resistance to one global change driver may increase susceptibility to a different driver. A complete understanding of extinction risk requires consideration of the interaction between extinction drivers, ecological traits, and species’ evolutionary histories.
Phylogenomics of Endogonaceae and evolution of mycorrhizas within Mucoromycota
Authors: Chang Ying , Desirò Alessandro , Na Hyunsoo , Sandor Laura , Lipzen Anna , Clum Alicia , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis M. , Stajich Jason E. , Smith Matthew E. , Bonito Gregory , Spatafora Joseph W. 
Published: November 2018

Summary

Endogonales (Mucoromycotina), composed of Endogonaceae and Densosporaceae, is the only known non‐Dikarya order with ectomycorrhizal members. They also form mycorrhizal‐like association with some nonspermatophyte plants. It has been recently proposed that Endogonales were among the earliest mycorrhizal partners with land plants. It remains unknown whether Endogonales possess genomes with mycorrhizal‐lifestyle signatures and whether Endogonales originated around the same time as land plants did.

We sampled sporocarp tissue from four Endogonaceae collections and performed shotgun genome sequencing. After binning the metagenome data, we assembled and annotated the Endogonaceae genomes. We performed comparative analysis on plant‐cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) and small secreted proteins (SSPs). We inferred phylogenetic placement of Endogonaceae and estimated the ages of Endogonaceae and Endogonales with expanded taxon sampling.

Endogonaceae have large genomes with high repeat content, low diversity of PCWDEs, but without elevated SSP/secretome ratios. Dating analysis estimated that Endogonaceae originated in the Permian–Triassic boundary and Endogonales originated in the mid–late Silurian. Mycoplasma‐related endobacterium sequences were identified in three Endogonaceae genomes.

Endogonaceae genomes possess typical signatures of mycorrhizal lifestyle. The early origin of Endogonales suggests that the mycorrhizal association between Endogonales and plants might have played an important role during the colonization of land by plants.
Neonatal pain: Knowledge and perception among pediatric doctors in Malaysia
Authors: Ishak Shareena , NFE Flora , Zakaria SZ Syed , Adli Ali , Jaafar Rohana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundInadequate pain management is linked to potential neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Sufficient knowledge in neonatal pain is required to facilitate optimal pain management. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the knowledge and perception of pain experienced by neonates requiring intensive care among pediatric doctors working in a level III neonatal intensive care unit in Malaysian hospitals.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted over a period of 18 months. A self‐administered questionnaire assessing knowledge and perception regarding neonatal pain was used.ResultsTwenty‐four hospitals participated in the study, with 423 respondents. The response rate was 85%. One hundred and ninety‐seven respondents (47%) were aware of tools for neonatal pain assessment, but only 6% used them in daily practice. Doctors with >4 years of experience in neonatal care had better awareness of available pain assessment tools (59.4% vs 40.9%, P = 0.001). Sixteen statements regarding knowledge were assessed. Mean score obtained was 10.5 ± 2.5. Consultants/specialists obtained a higher mean score than medical officers (11.9 vs 10.4, P < 0.001). More than 80% of respondents were able to discriminate painful from non‐painful procedures.ConclusionClinicians involved in neonatal care, especially those with longer experience were knowledgeable about neonatal pain. Gaps between knowledge and its application, however, remain. Implementation of clinical guidelines to improve the quality of assessment and adequate pain management in neonates is recommended.
The Sensitized Bioluminescence Mechanism of Bacterial Luciferase
Authors: Lee John , Müller Franz , Visser Antonie J. W. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAfter more than one‐half century of investigations, the mechanism of bioluminescence from the FMNH2 assisted oxygen oxidation of an aliphatic aldehyde on bacterial luciferase continues to resist elucidation. There are many types of luciferase from species of bioluminescent bacteria originating from both marine and terrestrial habitats. The luciferases all have close sequence homology, and in vitro, a highly efficient light generation is obtained from these natural metabolites as substrates. Sufficient exothermicity equivalent to the energy of a blue photon is available in the chemical oxidation of the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid, and a luciferase‐bound FMNH‐OOH is a key player. A high energy species, the source of the exothermicity, is unknown except that it is not a luciferin cyclic peroxide, a dioxetanone, as identified in the pathway of the firefly and the marine bioluminescence systems. Besides these natural substrates, variable bioluminescence properties are found using other reactants such as flavin analogs or aldehydes, but results also depend on the luciferase type. Some rationalization of the mechanism has resulted from spatial structure determination, NMR of intermediates and dynamic optical spectroscopy. The overall light path appears to fall into the sensitized class of chemiluminescence mechanism, distinct from the dioxetanone types.
Effect of trade and manufacturer traceability on the environmental performance of local companies in emerging economies
Authors: Barash‐Harman Yael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper shows that manufacturer traceability triggers environmental standard diffusion from highly to weakly regulating countries, driving local companies to meet environmental regulation requirements. The paper aims to explain firms’ environmental performance by using product differentiation as an indicator for manufacturer traceability. The findings show that differentiated goods sold to international markets prompt local firms to meet environmental regulation requirements and produce positive pressure to go beyond local compliance levels. However, when traceability is low, as in the case of undifferentiated goods, trade with global markets does not tend to create incentives for environmental investment. The study examines firms in the emerging economy of India.
Decentralization and Football*
Authors: Lago Ignacio , Lago‐Peñas Carlos , Lago‐Peñas Santiago 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesWe show that decentralization of economic and political power makes a substantial difference in football. Decentralization increases the competitive balance of domestic football leagues and creates an advantage for clubs from decentralized countries in international competitions.MethodsWe run pooled cross‐sectional time‐series analyses using data from 35 European countries over the period 1950–2010 and logistic regressions with data from the first 18 editions of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Champions League.ResultsWe find that regional autonomy boosts the competition among clubs from different regions and results in a greater competitive balance of domestic football leagues. Clubs from decentralized countries have a greater chance of winning, or at least playing in the final, than those from centralized countries.ConclusionsThe degree of countries’ political and economic decentralization positively increases the likelihood of winning football international trophies.