bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Effects of Mortality versus Emigration on a Reservoir Walleye Population
Authors: Weber Michael J. , Flammang Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMechanisms influencing population fluctuations are an important component of fisheries ecology. Fishes can be lost from populations due to mortality or emigration, potentially resulting in population declines. Although emigration in large, open‐river systems is well recognized, emigration may also occur in reservoirs that are conventionally considered closed systems, potentially resulting in important population‐level effects. However, little is known regarding annual variation in reservoir emigration rates, the influence of reservoir discharge on emigration, or the influence of emigration compared to mortality in regulating populations. We used tagging data collected from 1990 to 2000 to evaluate the effects of various discharge patterns on reservoir WalleyeSander vitreusemigration and the importance of emigration versus mortality for regulating the population. Walleye annual mortality was variable, ranging from 0.05 to 0.46, but was similar between sexes. Walleye emigration ranged from 0.02 to 0.26 and was best explained by variation in mean April discharge and the number of days discharge exceeded 14 m3/s. Emigration rates were similar to mortality rates in 5 of 9 years but lower than mortality rates in the remaining 4 years, suggesting that both processes likely contribute to fluctuations in population abundance. Combined, our results indicate that wet years requiring prolonged reservoir discharge, even at relatively low rates, result in increased Walleye emigration, with up to 26% of the population emigrating. Larger, more severe precipitation events are predicted to occur in the future as a result of climate change, thus altering reservoir management plans and threatening the sustainability of reservoir fisheries.
Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Esophagectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations
Authors: Low Donald E. , Allum William , De Manzoni Giovanni , Ferri Lorenzo , Immanuel Arul , Kuppusamy MadhanKumar , Law Simon , Lindblad Mats , Maynard Nick , Neal Joseph , Pramesh C. S. , Scott Mike , Mark Smithers B. , Addor Valérie , Ljungqvist Olle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs provide a format for multidisciplinary care and has been shown to predictably improve short term outcomes associated with surgical procedures. Esophagectomy has historically been associated with significant levels of morbidity and mortality and as a result routine application and audit of ERAS guidelines specifically designed for esophageal resection has significant potential to improve outcomes associated with this complex procedure.MethodsA team of international experts in the surgical management of esophageal cancer was assembled and the existing literature was identified and reviewed prior to the production of the guidelines. Well established procedure specific components of ERAS were reviewed and updated with changes relevant to esophagectomy. Procedure specific, operative and technical sections were produced utilizing the best current level of evidence. All sections were rated regarding the level of evidence and overall recommendation according to the evaluation (GRADE) system.ResultsThirty‐nine sections were ultimately produced and assessed for quality of evidence and recommendations. Some sections were completely new to ERAS programs due to the fact that esophagectomy is the first guideline with a thoracic component to the procedure.ConclusionsThe current ERAS society guidelines should be reviewed and applied in all centers looking to improve outcomes and quality associated with esophageal resection.
Core Political Values and the Long-Term Shaping of Partisanship
Authors: Evans Geoffrey , Neundorf Anja 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParty identification has been thought to provide the central organizing element for political belief systems. This article makes the contrasting case that core values concerning equality and government intervention versus individualism and free enterprise are fundamental orientations that can themselves shape partisanship. The authors evaluate these arguments in the British case using a validated multiple-item measure of core values, using ordered latent class models to estimate reciprocal effects with partisanship on panel data from the British Household Panel Study, 1991–2007. The findings demonstrate that core values are more stable than partisanship and have far stronger cross-lagged effects on partisanship than vice versa in both polarized and depolarized political contexts, for younger and older respondents, and for those with differing levels of educational attainment and income, thus demonstrating their general utility as decision-making heuristics.
Tracking the origin and dispersal of the Asian chestnut gall waspDryocosmus kuriphilusYasumatsu (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in Europe with molecular markers
Authors: Martinez-Sañudo I. , Mazzon L. , Simonato M. , Avtzis D. , Pujade-Villar J. , Faccoli M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Asian chestnut gall wasp,Dryocosmus kuriphilus,is an invasive pest causing significant damage to chestnut trees (Castaneaspp., Fagaceae). Originating from China, it has recently invaded a wide range of regions in Europe and North America. Understanding the population genetic structure of important invasive pests is very useful for improving the knowledge concerning routes of expansion and colonizing capacity. Despite its economic importance, limited attention has been given toD. kuriphilusorigin and spread, or to its genetic structure. In this study,D. kuriphiluspopulations sampled in eight European countries were screened using both mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; COI) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer 2; ITS2) sequences, and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The molecular markers COI and ITS2 highlighted the presence of a single haplotype in all the studied populations. The recorded mitochondrial haplotype was identical to one of the most widespread haplotypes occurring in the native area (China). AFLP results indicated thatD. kuriphilusindividuals belong to two genetically distinct clusters without any further geographic clustering. These results suggest thatD. kuriphiluspopulations in Europe could be the result of a single introduction of a Chinese founder population characterized by two genetically distinct lineages that subsequently spread rapidly across Europe. However, the possibility that populations originated from multiple introductions of the same Chinese mitochondrial haplotype cannot be excluded. The reported results provide useful information concerning this invasive species, potentially facilitating integrated pest management.
Stability and Change: Policy Evolution on the Supreme Court of Canada, 1945–2005
Authors: Johnson Susan W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudies of the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) focus largely on its policy-making role and its interpretation of the Charter of Rights. However, less studied are the Court's decisions in earlier periods, especially in comparison to the Charter years and in cases beyond civil rights and liberties. This study fills a gap in the scholarship by analyzing the universe of decisions from 1945 to 2005 in criminal, tax and tort cases. Utilizing Baum's (1988, 1989) method to examine policy change, I explore policy trends on the Supreme Court. The findings suggest that, for the most part, the SCC has remained a stable, consistent body over the course of its modern history. It appears that most of the variation in judicial output across time is due to issue change with some shifts due to personnel and membership change.
Actually-Existing Success: Economics, Aesthetics, and the Specificity of (Still-)Socialist Urbanism
Authors: Murawski Michał 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA quarter century following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the people's democracies, many of the dwellings, utilities, and public spaces built by these regimes continue to be cherished by their inhabitants and users. This has only increased as post-socialist urban landscapes undergo an ever-intensifying process of neoliberal “re-privatization,” de-planning, and spatial as well as economic stratification. Scholars, however, continue to produce accounts emphasizing how socialist cities and buildings, as well as the audacious social goals built into them, failed. This article provides a critical overview of recent literature on built socialism and identifies a tension between two parallel ethnographic and historical narratives. One argues that built socialism failed, because it was too obsessed with the economy and industry and neglected every other aspect of social life. The other pins the blame for failure on built socialism's alleged fixation with aesthetic or discursive realms and its corresponding neglect of the economy. The article closes by suggesting pathways for comparative scholarship that consider built socialism in terms of not only collapse and disintegration, but also success and endurance; not simply ofeithereconomyoraesthetics, but also of their reciprocal inter-determination and co-dependence. We must look beyond the lens of imported theories and consider “vernacular” or “emic” concepts rooted in the specificities and singularities of the socialist city itself.
Historicity, Peoplehood, and Politics: Holocaust Talk in Twenty-First-Century France
Authors: Arkin Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDrawing on ethnographic data from the mid-2000s as well as accounts from French Jewish newspapers and magazines from the 1980s onward, this paper traces the emergence of new French Jewish institutional narratives linking North African Jews to the “European” Holocaust. I argue that these new narratives emerged as a response to the social and political impasses produced by intra-Jewish disagreements over whether and how North African Jews could talk about the Holocaust, which divided French Jews and threatened the relationship between Jewishness and French national identity. These new pedagogical narratives relied on a very different historicity, or way of reckoning time and causality, than those used in more divisive everyday French Jewish Holocaust narratives. By reworking the ways that French Jews reckoned time and causality, they offered an expansive and homogenously “European” Jewishness. This argument works against a growing postcolonial sociological and anthropological literature on religious minorities in France and Europe by emphasizing the contingency, difficulty, and even ambivalence around constructing “Jewishness” as transparently either “European” or “French.” It also highlights the role played by historicity—not just history—in producing what counts as group “identity.”
Denouncing Sovereignty: Claims to Liberty in Northeastern Central African Republic
Authors: Lombard Louisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis essay focuses on the northeastern borderlands of the Central African Republic (CAR), an area that though formally part of a state is mostly left to its own devices. It has no single sovereign, but many people participate in the sovereign prerogative of enacting violence in such a way as to claim a right to determine how to live. These dynamics are particularly visible in the area's contests over armed conservation, my ethnographic and historical topic here. These sovereign claims take the form of denunciation: rallying people to take extreme measures against another whose egregious acts threaten fundamental values. In northeastern CAR, the value frequently fought for through denunciation is negative liberty—freedom from molestation for those who carve space for themselves by denouncing. In addition to excavating denunciation as a dynamics of sovereignty, this paper shows that the values motivating sovereign struggles can include not just autonomy—whether devoted to a principle of order or anarchy, as others have explored—but can also be devoted to creating exceptions for those who denounce, such that they are able to participate in projects and access terrains that extend beyond their place of residence without having to consistently abide by others’ rules. Denunciation is thus a dynamics of sovereign claim-making that can shape and mobilize solidarities that are in flux, rather than those calcified by the violent, exceptional decision of a unitary sovereign. Denunciation foregrounds relational and processual aspects of sovereignty and in so doing invites new comparisons.
What Empires Can and Can't Do
Authors: Lachmann Richard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractI review and critique three important recent books to clarify the ways in which empires amass territories, dominate the peoples within them, and sooner or later decline and disappear. I review definitions of empires and contrast empires with nation-states. Empires succeed to the extent to which they manage differences among subjects, and I examine explanations for empires’ varying strategies for accomplishing that necessary task. I examine how empires both suppress and inadvertently foster nationalism. Imperial dynamics were influenced by competition with rival empires even as empires learned from each other's successes and failures. Throughout the modern era ancient Rome was a model and a caution. I identify the ways in which wars led to imperial expansion and moments when wars weakened or fatally undermined empires. I contrast ancient and modern and European and Asian empires. Finally, I look at the nineteenth-century expansion and twentieth-century collapses of modern empires and speculate on the extent to which those trajectories hold lessons for the contemporary United States.
The influence of environmental conditions onParasagitta friderici(Chaetognatha) abundance in a subtropical estuary (south Brazil)
Authors: Nogueira Júnior Miodeli , Giachini Tosetto Everton , Razzolini Emanuel Luís 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEstuarine chaetognath population dynamics are poorly known worldwide. We have conducted eight seasonal campaigns (October 2007–August 2008) sampling three sectors in the subtropical Babitonga Bay estuary (26°S 48°W) in order to depict chaetognath abundance and population structure dynamics and test the influence of hydrography and food availability and type. Of three species sampled,Parasagitta fridericirepresented >93% of abundance in all samples and was examined in detail. There were no differences inP. fridericiabundance between the sectors of the estuary, related to its high tolerance to low salinity, a feature not common for most chaetognath species. Salinity tolerance is an important adaptive characteristic to thrive within estuarine systems, and probably is responsible for the dominance ofP. fridericiin coastal and brackish water environments throughout most of its distribution. Juveniles dominated the population most of the year, except in February–April when abundances were lower and adults predominated. These results suggest that recruitment occurs continuously throughout the year, being more intense between October and January (spring to early summer) and in May (autumn) when densities and proportion of juveniles were higher. General Additive Models suggest that temperature and zooplankton biomass are significant (P< 0.05) factors influencing juvenile abundance while only the latter influenced the adults. We conclude that food availability is the most important driver in the studied population ofP. fridericiand recruitment peaks, which lead to high densities, seem to occur following peaks of their copepod prey along with particular temperature conditions (22–23°C).
The genealogy of death: A chronology of U.S. organizations promoting euthanasia and assisted suicide
Authors: Brueck MaryKatherine A. , Sulmasy Daniel P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the early 20th century, a political movement to secure access to euthanasia and assisted suicide began in the United States. The multitude of organizations associated with this effort has undergone an array of mergers, splits, and name changes, channeled through two progenitor organizations—the Euthanasia Society of America and the Hemlock Society. A few chronologies mapping the metamorphoses of these organizations are available, but they are not accessible in the medical literature. Moreover, they are not comprehensive, lack consistency, and are not rigorously validated. As debates about the legalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide continue, it is important to have a common understanding of the history behind these developments, including recognition of the factors driving these adaptations. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and definitive history to aid those interested in knowing the roots of these organizations and those that are still active today.
Systematic review of global functioning and quality of life in people with psychotic disorders
Authors: Nevarez-Flores A. G. , Sanderson K. , Breslin M. , Carr V. J. , Morgan V. A. , Neil A. L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsPeople with psychotic disorders face impairments in their global functioning and their quality of life (QoL). The relationship between the two outcomes has not been systematically investigated. Through a systematic review, we aim to explore the presence and extent of associations between global functioning and QoL and establish whether associations depend on the instruments employed.MethodsIn May 2016, ten electronic databases were searched using a two-phase process to identify articles in which associations between global functioning and QoL were assessed. Basic descriptive data and correlation coefficients between global functioning and QoL instruments were extracted, with the strength of the correlation assessed according to the specifications of Cohen 1988. Results were reported with reference to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and PRISMA standards. A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in methodological approaches.ResultsOf an initial 15 183 non-duplicate articles identified, 756 were deemed potentially relevant, with 40 studies encompassing 42 articles included. Fourteen instruments for measuring global functioning and 22 instruments for measuring QoL were used. Twenty-nine articles reported linear associations while 19 assessed QoL predictors. Correlations between overall scores varied in strength, primarily dependent on the QoL instrument employed, and whether QoL was objectively or subjectively assessed. Correlations observed for objective QoL measures were consistently larger than those observed for subjective measures, as were correlations for an interviewer than self-assessed QoL. When correlations were assessed by domains of QoL, the highest correlations were found for social domains of QoL, for which most correlations were moderate or higher. Global functioning consistently predicted overall QoL as did depressive and negative symptoms.ConclusionsThis review is the first to explore the extent of associations between global functioning and QoL in people with psychotic disorders. We consistently found a positive association between global functioning and QoL. The strength of the association was dependent on the QoL instrument employed. QoL domains strongly associated with global functioning were highlighted. The review illustrates the extensive array of instruments used for the assessment of QoL and to a lesser extent global functioning in people with psychotic disorders and provides a framework to understand the different findings reported in the literature. The findings can also inform the future choice of instruments by researchers and/or clinicians. The observed associations reassure that interventions for improving global functioning will have a positive impact on the QoL of people living with a psychotic disorder.
Does Pebble Abrasion Influence Detrital Age Population Statistics? A Numerical Investigation of Natural Data Sets
Authors: Lavarini C. , Attal M. , da Costa Filho C. A. , Kirstein L. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPebble abrasion is a key factor controlling the release of minerals into sand, but few attempts have been made to model how it could influence the liberation of minerals into the size fraction used in detrital geochronology. We perform a series of experiments with an abrasion model to test this influence using natural and synthetic data sets. Our results demonstrate that pebble abrasion can change the zircon mixing proportions of upstream source units as well as the age distribution of mixed fluvial sands. This change is particularly significant when there is strong contrast in rock resistance within the watershed. Pebble abrasion is one of many factors that can change the mixing proportion of sands, including hillslope gravel supply, erosion rates, and mineral fertility. In our study case (Marsyandi watershed, Himalaya), the abrasion model predicts age distributions that are statistically indistinguishable from those predicted by a no‐abrasion model. However, the relative erosion rates estimated by our model largely differ from the results of a no‐abrasion model and are closer to those from other studies that suggest a strong correlation between modern erosion rates, tectonics, and precipitation intensity in the Marsyandi watershed. These findings highlight that, even in cases where there is no statistical evidence of change between the modeled age distributions, abrasion can affect the erosion rates estimated from them. Therefore, quantifying the influence of abrasion on sand production is an essential step not only to predict mixing proportions but also to accurately retrieve erosion rates from the measured grain age distributions.
GOBO projection for 3D measurements at highest frame rates: a performance analysis
Authors: Heist Stefan , Dietrich Patrick , Landmann Martin , Kühmstedt Peter , Notni Gunther , Tünnermann Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAperiodic sinusoidal patterns that are cast by a GOBO (GOes Before Optics) projector are a powerful tool for optically measuring the surface topography of moving or deforming objects with very high speed and accuracy. We optimised the first experimental setup that we were able to measure inflating car airbags at frame rates of more than 50 kHz while achieving a 3D point standard deviation of ~500 µm. Here, we theoretically investigate the method of GOBO projection of aperiodic sinusoidal fringes. In a simulation-based performance analysis, we examine the parameters that influence the accuracy of the measurement result and identify an optimal pattern design that yields the highest measurement accuracy. We compare the results with those that were obtained via GOBO projection of phase-shifted sinusoidal fringes. Finally, we experimentally verify the theoretical findings. We show that the proposed technique has several advantages over conventional fringe projection techniques, as the easy-to-build and cost-effective GOBO projector can provide a high radiant flux, allows high frame rates, and can be used over a wide spectral range.