bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS WITH BELATACEPT IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Authors: Fan Jason , Gong Dan , Truong Cecile , Miko Benjamin , Horowitz Jason , Chen Royce W. S. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To report two cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in renal transplant patients after conversion to belatacept immunosuppression.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
Case A was a 41-year-old African American man with no ocular history, chronic hepatitis B infection on entecavir, status-post living relative renal transplant for end-stage renal disease secondary to IgA nephropathy presented with a chief complaint of “blurry vision” in his right eye. Fundoscopic examination of the right eye revealed perivascular retinitis of the superior arcade extending temporally and a lesion nasal to the optic disk. The patient was diagnosed with CMV retinitis with macular involvement. Case B was a 52-year-old woman with an ocular history significant for bilateral vein occlusions treated with laser, and a medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and end-stage renal disease secondary to hypoplastic kidney status-post deceased donor renal transplant presented with one week of blurred vision in the right eye. Fundoscopic examination of the right eye revealed macular star configuration of exudates, as well as subretinal fibrosis temporal to the macula. Fundoscopic examination of the left eye showed Grade 4 vitreous haze and multiple areas of retinal whitening and hemorrhage, consistent with CMV retinitis infection. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral CMV retinitis, with macular involvement in the right eye.

Conclusion:
Renal transplant patients converted to belatacept immunosuppression may be at an increased risk for herpes virus infection, and thus herpes virus retinitis. Although the degree of risk remains uncharacterized, patients on belatacept therapy who are at the high risk of CMV infection (i.e., donor-positive/recipient-negative patients) should be counseled on the presenting signs and symptoms of CMV retinitis. In these cases, clinicians should also consider regular monitoring of serum CMV titers or continuation of antiviral prophylaxis.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Growth in the First 2 Years of Life in Preterm Infants With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Holland Kathleen J. , Slaven James E. , Ren Clement L. , Sanders Don B. , Bennett William E. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBackground:Late preterm infants (born 34–36 weeks gestation) without cystic fibrosis (CF) are at risk for growth failure during the first 2 years of life. Infants with CF are at risk of being born premature, and thus at risk for growth failure. The aim for this study was to assess weight‐for‐length (WFL) at 2 years of age for late preterm infants compared with term infants with CF.Methods:Data were collected from the US CF Foundation Patient Registry. We compared growth parameters between late preterm and term infants with CF born from 2010 to 2013. Our primary outcome was WFL <10 and <50 percentile at 2 years of age. A multivariate logistical regression analysis evaluated late preterm gestation and WFL<10 or <50 percentile.Results:A total of 2955 infants were born from 2010 to 2013 with CF. Eight percentage late preterm. Forty‐five percentage late preterm versus 43% term were below the 50th percentile for WFL at age 2 years (P = 0.75). Twelve percentage late preterm versus 6% term for WFL <10 percentile at age 2 years (P = 0.010). The multivariate regression model identified 2‐fold increased odds of being <10th percentile for WFL at age 2 years (P = 0.025) for preterm over term. Late preterm infants used higher calorie dense feeds and more feeding tubes (P = 0.035 and P = 0.006).Conclusions:Late preterm infants with CF are at higher risk of being below the 10th percentile for WFL at 2 years of age compared with their term peers. This indicates a population that is at risk for growth failure.
Novel Use of Impedance Technology Shows That Esophageal Air Events Can Be Temporally Associated With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease‐like Symptoms
Authors: Woodley Frederick W. , Ciciora Steven L. , Vaz Karla , Williams Kent , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Jadcherla Sudarshan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA few studies have shown that esophageal air events (EAEs), such as air‐swallows, may be associated with symptoms that have historically been associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To objectively test a hypothesis that all EAE types (air‐swallows, supragastric belches and gastric belches) can be associated with GERD‐like symptoms, we removed the impedance “tags” from the GER episodes (placed during autoscan) and instead tagged either air‐swallows, supragastric belches or gastric belches in each of 3 copies of the 24‐hour impedance tracing for 2 infant patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of GER as an etiology. Impedance system software (MMS) analyses revealed that, in both infants, all EAE types were significantly associated (SAP >95%) with 1 or more of the GERD‐like symptom types (cough, pain/crying, back‐arching, and gagging). These data underscore the importance of considering other diagnoses when developing management strategies for treating GERD‐like symptoms in infants.
Erythrocyte Indices as Differential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Iron Deficiency Anemia and Thalassemia
Authors: Düzenli Kar Yeter , Özdemir Zeynep C. , Emir Büşra , Bör Özcan 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
The most common causes of microcytic anemia are iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia trait (TT). This study investigated the reliability of erythrocyte indices and formulas as screening tests in the differential diagnosis of IDA and TT before performing detailed tests for definitive diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 50 children with β-TT, 31 with α-TT, 50 with IDA were included. For the 8 erythrocyte indices and formulas (red blood cells [RBC], red blood cell distribution width [RDW], red blood cell distribution width index [RDWI], Mentzer index [MI], Shine and Lal index [S&L], England and Fraser [E&F], Green and King index [G&K], Srivastava index) the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs, respectively) were calculated according to the cutoff values in the literature and recalculated revised cutoff values.

Results:
According to the cutoff values in the literature for the differential diagnosis of IDA and TT, the ranking of sensitivity, specificity, PPVs, and NPVs from the highest to the lowest was RDWI, RBC, E&F, G&K, MI, Srivastava, RDW, S&L. The sensitivity, specificity, PPVs, and NPVs of all the indices according to the revised cutoff values were higher than those according to the cutoff values in the literature.

Conclusions:
According to both the cutoff values in the literature and revised cutoff values, the most reliable indices were RBC and RDWI.
The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Williamson Elizabeth , Pederson Natalie , Rawson Hannah , Daniel Todd 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
This study reports the respiratory muscle training effect on strength and endurance in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Methods:
Articles published from 1984 to 2017 were reviewed. Six articles met the inclusion criteria that included within-subject control or between-subject control group, participants with a diagnosis of only Duchenne muscular dystrophy, participation in respiratory muscle training intervention, and outcome measures of endurance and strength. Effect sizes were calculated for each study and overall, weighted mean effect sizes for strength and endurance outcome measures.

Results:
There was a large effect for improving respiratory endurance and a moderate effect for muscle strength. However, these effects were not significant.

Conclusion:
Findings justify further exploration of the potential benefits of respiratory muscle training for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Addressing Challenges of Baseline Variability in the Clinical Setting: Lessons from an Emergency Department
Authors: Berkowitz Deena , Chamberlain James , Provost Lloyd P. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To demonstrate methods of adjusting data in quality improvement projects for better learning about interventions over time.

Methods:
A secondary analysis of data from a quality improvement project to improve patient wait times at an urban academic pediatric emergency department using electronic medical data from 2015 to 2018. The primary outcome was the wait times for low-acuity patients. Control charts were used to determine if the interventions were effective in reducing wait times. Two different data adjustment techniques were applied to account for changes in patient volume and seasonal effects on the outcome measure.

Results:
We more effectively demonstrated improved patient wait times after adjusting for patient volume or seasonality. Patient wait times decreased from 75.2 to 72.9 minutes after the intervention; a 3% decrease sustained over 18 months. A strong correlation between patient volume and wait times was noted. Process stability was achieved on the control charts after data adjustment, with one centerline shift after data adjustment in contrast to 5 centerline shifts required before data adjustment.

Conclusion:
Adjusting for seasonality or patient volume created process stability and improved learning from control charts. After adjustment, we sustained decreased patient wait times more than a year out from the original intervention Adjusting by patient volume seems to be a preferred method of adjustment. Our findings support the importance of adjusting for baseline variability affected by seasonality or patient volumes, especially in flow projects, as a high yield method for process improvement.
Influence of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein O polymorphism on the inhibitory effect of soluble forms of trimer- and pentamer-specific entry receptors
Authors: Brait Nadja , Stögerer Tanja , Kalser Julia , Adler Barbara , Kunz Ines , Benesch Max , Kropff Barbara , Mach Michael , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Görzer Irene 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) envelope glycoprotein complexes, gH/gL/gO-trimer and gH/gL/UL128L-pentamer, are important for cell-free HCMV entry. While soluble Nrp2-Fc (sNrp2-Fc) interferes with epithelial/endothelial cell entry through UL128, soluble PDGFRα-Fc (sPDGFRα-Fc) interacts with gO thereby inhibiting infection of all cell types. Since gO is the most variable subunit we investigated the influence of gO polymorphism on the inhibitory capacities of sPDGFRα-Fc and sNRP2-Fc.Accordingly, gO genotype 1c (GT1c) sequence was fully or partially replaced by gO GT2b, GT3, GT5 sequences in TB40-BAC4-luc background. All mutants were tested for fibroblast and epithelial cell infectivity, for virions’ gO and gH content, and for infection inhibition by sPDGFRα-Fc and sNrp2-Fc.Full-length and partial gO GT swapping may strongly alter the virions’ gO and gH levels associated with enhanced epithelial cell infectivity. All gO GT mutants except recombinant gO GT1c/3 displayed a near-complete inhibition at 1.25 μg/ml sPDGFRα-Fc on epithelial cells (98% versus 91%) and all on fibroblasts (≥ 99%). While gO GT replacement did not influence sNrp2-Fc inhibition at 1.25 μg/ml on epithelial cells (96%-98%), it rendered mutants with low gO levels moderately accessible to fibroblasts inhibition (20%-40%). In contrast to the steep sPDGFRα-Fc inhibition curves (slope >1.0), sNrp2-Fc dose-response curves on epithelial cells displayed slopes of ~1.0 suggesting functional differences between these entry inhibitors.Our findings suggest that targeting of gO-trimer rather than UL128-pentamer might be a promising target to inhibit infectivity independent of the cell type, gO polymorphism, and gO/gH content. However, intragenic gO recombination may lead to moderate resistence to sPDGFRα-Fc inhibition.ImportanceHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is known for its broad cell tropism as reflected by the different organs and tissues affected by HCMV infection. Hence, inhibition of HCMV entry into distinct cell types could be considered as a promising therapeutic option to limit cell-free HCMV infection. Soluble forms of cellular entry receptor PDGFRα rather than those of entry receptor neuropilin-2 inhibit infection of multiple cell types. sPDGFRα specifically interacts with gO of the trimeric gH/gL/gO envelope glycoprotein complex. HCMV strains may differ with respect to the virions’ amount of trimer and the highly polymorphic gO sequence. In this study, we show that gO polymorphism rather than gO levels may affect the inhibitory capacity of sPDGFRα. The finding that gO intragenic recombination may lead to moderate evasion from sPDGFRα inhibition is of major value to the development of potential anti-HCMV therapeutic compounds based on sPDGFRα.
PCH-2 collaborates with CMT-1 to proofread meiotic homolog interactions
Authors: Giacopazzi Stefani , Vong Daniel , Devigne Alice , Bhalla Needhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe conserved ATPase, PCH-2/TRIP13, is required during both the spindle checkpoint and meiotic prophase. However, it’s specific role in regulating meiotic homolog pairing, synapsis and recombination has been enigmatic. Here, we report that this enzyme is required to proofread meiotic homolog interactions. We generated a mutant version of PCH-2 in C. elegans that binds ATP but cannot hydrolyze it: pch-2E253Q. In vitro, this mutant binds its substrates but is unable to remodel them. This mutation results in non-homologous synapsis and loss of crossover assurance. Surprisingly, worms with a null mutation in PCH-2’s adapter protein, CMT-1, the ortholog of p31comet, localize PCH-2 to meiotic chromosomes, exhibit non-homologous synapsis and lose crossover assurance. The similarity in phenotypes between cmt-1 and pch-2E253Q mutants indicate that PCH-2 can bind its meiotic substrates in the absence of CMT-1, in contrast to its role during the spindle checkpoint, but requires its adapter to hydrolyze ATP and remodel them.
Gender gaps and female labour participation in agriculture in Nigeria
Authors: Obayelu Abiodun Elijah , Ogbe Agatha Osivweneta , Edewor Sarah E. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of female workforce in agriculture; to examine the level of household decision making among the principal males and females in the household; and to estimate the time spent by the principal males and females in the household by activities in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources such as published articles, research reports, unpublished discussion paper, policy documents, national and international databases (World Bank World Development Indicators, United Nations Development Programme and the ECOWAS-RAAF-PASANAO survey conducted in Nigeria in 2017), and position papers. The information gathered covers a range of empirical and conceptual issues relating to labour, share of women contributing to agriculture and other gender-related issues. The study covered 1,747 maize and/or rice producing households spread across 141 farming communities in 16 states in Nigeria using a multi-stage sampling technique.

Findings
It was interesting to note that an average male was older and had more educational qualification than their female counterparts. In the same vein, he owned more assets (virgin lands, other plots and buildings) when compared with their female counterparts and earned higher incomes from farming and other labour activities with the exception of trading. Furthermore, the result revealed females spent more time taking care of children, cooking and schooling than their male counterparts. It can therefore be concluded that a gender gap exists in agricultural labour participation with the males playing dominant roles as compared with their female counterparts. Analysis of women’s agricultural should not neglect the structural bases of their inequality.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited by lack of enough data base on women’s and men’s engagement in labour force and on agricultural activities which can be analysed for policy formulation and implementation.

Social implications
The paper elucidates some of the possible social, economic and biological implications of changes in women’s work and their participation in agriculture in Nigeria.

Originality/value
The paper is original in nature and will add value to the integration of women into the development process in Nigeria.
We recovered food heritage, and then? Value enhancement and promotion of local agri-food products in Argentina and Spain
Authors: Barrionuevo Cintia Analía , Bernat Elena Espeitx , Velarde Irene Julia 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the initiatives of value enhancement and the promotion of local agri-food products in Argentina and Spain to address some of their limitations and contradictions.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on processes of participatory action research, data and knowledge were produced dialectically with the actors, linking the research process to rural development processes.

Findings
Value enhancement and promotion of local agri-food products is a complex system where values, preferences and availability of resources converge, allowing to consume products of higher quality, “heritage” products or products differentiated by the production mode. This consumption is not only aimed at tourists who are willing to pay something more for a “certified” local product, but also for the estrategic allies who appreciate the taste of the food of their territory: local consumers. These processes develop strategies such as the “fairs” of each product, or the classic “quality seals.” In the comparison between experiences of both countries, the controversies raise with the high prices of the products as a synonym of value enhancement instead of the right to quality food and the seeking of food sovereignty.

Originality/value
Problematizing the recovery and valorization of local products reveals the necessity, awareness and inclusion of consumers as actors in the innovation processes and not simply as buyers of luxury products. The originality is also based on specific intervention experiences with territorial actors (social, economic, scientific and political) that shape new forms of intervention, based on strategies that link patrimonialization, knowledge systems and territorial development.
Memory-dependent derivative effect on wave propagation of micropolar thermoelastic medium under pulsed laser heating with three theories
Authors: Othman Mohamed I.A. , Mondal Sudip 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the phase-lag models (Lord-Shulman, dual-phase-lag and three-phase-lag) to study the effect of memory-dependent derivative and the influence of thermal loading due to laser pulse on the wave propagation of generalized micropolar thermoelasticity. The bounding plane surface is heated by a non-Gaussian laser beam with a pulse duration of 10 nanoseconds.

Design/methodology/approach
The normal mode analysis technique is used to obtain the exact expressions for the displacement components, the force stresses, the temperature, the couple stresses and the micro-rotation. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by three theories of the authors’ interest. Excellent predictive capability is demonstrated at a different time also.

Findings
The effect of memory-dependent derivative and the heat laser pulse on the displacement, the temperature distribution, the components of stress, the couple stress and the microrotation vector have been depicted graphically.

Research limitations/implications
Some particular cases are also deduced from the present investigation.

Originality/value
The numerical results are presented graphically and are compared with different three theories for both in the presence and absence of memory-dependent effect and with the results predicted under three theories for two different values of the time.
Examining interconnectivity of entrepreneurship, innovation and sports policy framework
Authors: Pounder Paul 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the existing literature in entrepreneurship and innovation and its linkages to sport.Design/methodology/approachThis research involved four main stages: definition of the key aspects of innovation and entrepreneurship; synthesis of the typologies purporting the interplay between entrepreneurship and innovation in sport; showcasing entrepreneurship and innovation in-practice in a sports context; and identifying steps toward the development of an overall sports policy framework.FindingsIt was observed that through entrepreneurship, innovation plays a crucial role in contributing to the sports industry through research, and technology adaptation. The wide variation in the adaptation techniques of innovation in the entrepreneurship realm for sports can be supported by three aspects: a strong culture of innovation, the adaptation of technology from other sectors for sports entrepreneurship and network support.Research limitations/implicationsThis study highlights the critical role that entrepreneurship and innovation can have on the sports sector. Those in the sports’ field can use this research to continue to push the development of products and services that can improve the field.Originality/valueThere is little emphasis on sports in mainstream entrepreneurship or innovation research. Therefore, this research is one of the few in this area to look at the interconnectivity between entrepreneurship, innovation and sports.
Archetypes of incumbents’ strategic responses to digital innovation
Authors: D’Ippolito Beatrice , Messeni Petruzzelli Antonio , Panniello Umberto 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore how incumbents adapt their business models in response to digital innovation whose impact is either incremental or radical and source industry is either their own industry or other industries. The authors propose a conceptual matrix that is built on these two dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors build examples of four multinational incumbents operating in different sectors and known for their forefront approach to digital innovation to populate the matrix. Cases were chosen because of their polar nature that could provide variation in the two dimensions. The authors draw on a variety of qualitative secondary data sources to build the cases.

Findings
The study reveals how incumbents’ response to digital technologies (DTs) may differ depending on the resources or assets (including knowledge-based ones) that need mobilising. Business model changes and innovations may require full reconfiguration of a firm’s activity system; hence, one business model may be preferred to others depending on how burdensome the reconfiguration process will be.

Research limitations/implications
As the study is exploratory in nature, the anecdotal evidence provided in the paper are only some of the possible strategic responses of firms. Future studies may further into the dimensions the authors identified by empirically testing their validity with primary data.

Practical implications
The research offers managers and executives of incumbent firms a clear indication as to which elements of their business model ought to be adapted given the opportunities as well as the challenges brought about by DTs.

Originality/value
This research has explored incumbents’ response to DTs by primarily focusing on the nature and source industry of the underpinning innovation, besides any consideration of the drivers or processes that may lead to business model change.