bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Open Abdomen After Trauma Laparotomy: A Comparative Analysis of Dynamic Fascial Traction and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Systems
Authors: Wang Yifan , Alnumay Abdulaziz , Paradis Tiffany , Beckett Andrew , Fata Paola , Khwaja Kosar , Razek Tarek , Grushka Jeremy , Deckelbaum Dan L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundManagement of the post‐traumatic open abdomen (OA) using negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) alone is associated with low rates of primary fascial closure. The abdominal reapproximation anchor (ABRA) system exerts dynamic medial fascial traction and may work synergistically with NPWT to facilitate primary fascial closure.MethodsPatients with an OA following trauma laparotomy between 2009 and 2018 were identified from a prospectively maintained institutional database. Patients treated with ABRA in conjunction with NPWT (ABRA) versus NPWT alone (NPWT) were compared in terms of primary fascial closure rate, number of surgeries to closure, tracheostomy duration, length of stay and incidence of entero‐atmospheric fistula. Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify predictors of tracheostomy duration.ResultsWe identified 48 patients [ABRA, 12 and NPWT, 36]. The ABRA group was significantly younger (25 vs. 37 years, p = 0.027) and included a lower proportion of males (58% vs. 89%, p = 0.032). Groups were similar with respect to the incidence of hollow viscus injury, injury severity score and abdominal abbreviated injury score. Compared to the NPWT group, the ABRA group had a significantly higher rate of primary fascial closure (100% vs. 28%, p < 0.001), fewer surgeries to abdominal closure (2 vs. 2.5, p = 0.023) and shorter duration of tracheostomy (15.5 vs. 36 days, p = 0.008). There were no differences in length of stay or incidence of entero‐atmospheric fistula. On multivariable linear regression, ABRA placement was an independent predictor of shorter tracheostomy duration, after adjusting for covariates (β = − 0.294, p = 0.036).ConclusionFor the post‐traumatic OA, ABRA coupled with NPWT achieves a higher rate of primary fascial closure compared to NPWT alone, while requiring fewer surgeries and a shorter duration of tracheostomy.
Cumulative Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Among Surgeons During Intraoperative Cholangiography
Authors: Barrios Arnold , Vega Neil , Martínez Jaime , Padua Carolina , Mendivelso Fredy , Orejuela Diego 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative cholangiography (IOC), even though is an important tool in biliary surgery, it is still a matter of debate when used as a routine procedure, this supported in the surgical and legal safety for the patient and the surgeon. We do not have knowledge of the real expositional risk of the surgeon to ionizing radiation (IR) during the cholangiography procedure, because many surgeons do not use protection and dosimeters, so we cannot determine occupational radiation exposure.Study designA prospective cohort study was conducted to assess the radiation exposure of a group of surgeons performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, regardless of the type of surgery (elective or urgent). A descriptive, bivariate analysis was made, with a linear simulation model for prediction. We evaluate the frequency of use of protection‐established devices, number of images per surgery, and frequency of IOC. The radiation received was measured by dosimeters at different distances.ResultsA total of 597 IOC were made in the evaluated period. Mean number of IOC per surgeon was five monthly, with an average of two images per surgery. 60% of surgeons did not use protection devices during IOC. The surgeon radiation received was 0.147 millisieverts (mSv) at 1 m, 0.039 mSv at 1.6 m, and 0.007 mSv at 2.5 m.ConclusionsThe volume, quality, and sufficiency of protection, coupled with the distance to the X‐ray generator, are the major determinants to define the exposure to IR. We can predict the annual ionizing radiation according to the volume of the accomplished procedures. Although exposure doses are really low and make this a safe procedure, continuous exposure can lead to serious illnesses.
Skeleton Marching-based Parallel Vascular Geometry Reconstruction Using Implicit Functions
Authors: Qi Quan , Li Qing-De , Cheng Yongqiang , Hong Qing-Qi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fast high-precision patient-specific vascular tissue and geometric structure reconstruction is an essential task for vascular tissue engineering and computer-aided minimally invasive vascular disease diagnosis and surgery. In this paper, we present an effective vascular geometry reconstruction technique by representing a highly complicated geometric structure of a vascular system as an implicit function. By implicit geometric modelling, we are able to reduce the complexity and level of difficulty of this geometric reconstruction task and turn it into a parallel process of reconstructing a set of simple short tubular-like vascular sections, thanks to the easy-blending nature of implicit geometries on combining implicitly modelled geometric forms. The basic idea behind our technique is to consider this extremely difficult task as a process of team exploration of an unknown environment like a cave. Based on this idea, we developed a parallel vascular modelling technique, called Skeleton Marching, for fast vascular geometric reconstruction. With the proposed technique, we first extract the vascular skeleton system from a given volumetric medical image. A set of sub-regions of a volumetric image containing a vascular segment is then identified by marching along the extracted skeleton tree. A localised segmentation method is then applied to each of these sub-image blocks to extract a point cloud from the surface of the short simple blood vessel segment contained in the image block. These small point clouds are then fitted with a set of implicit surfaces in a parallel manner. A high-precision geometric vascular tree is then reconstructed by blending together these simple tubular-shaped implicit surfaces using the shape-preserving blending operations. Experimental results show the time required for reconstructing a vascular system can be greatly reduced by the proposed parallel technique.
The palaeoshoreline of Early Miocene formations (Euphrates and Jeribe) at the periphery of the Zagros Foreland Basin, Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq
Authors: Abdullah H. G. , Collier R. E. L. , Mountney N. P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA sedimentological investigation of the Early Miocene deposits at the periphery of the Zagros Foreland Basin, Kurdistan Region, around Qishlagh-Sargrma and Darbandikhan, reveals the presence of the Euphrates and Jeribe Formations in this area. A carbonate-dominated unit, comprising four regressive carbonate cycles, at the base of the Fatha Formation, has been investigated to characterize the depositional environments and stratigraphic context of these Early Miocene deposits. Outcrop and thin-section analyses of the carbonate succession reveal a gently inclined, carbonate-dominated ramp based on the depositional lithofacies and microfacies. Eight carbonate microfacies were identified and interpreted to have been deposited in a shallow marine environment. The Euphrates Formation passes up from deposits of restricted lagoon to shoal depositional environments, while the Jeribe Formation was deposited in a hypersaline lagoon to a restricted lagoon. The Early Miocene index fossilBorelis melo melowas identified in the deposits of the Euphrates Formation. Stratigraphic correlation of the studied sections allows the development of a revised palaeogeography for the Early Miocene deposits in the Kurdistan Region.
What Do Dentists and Dental Students Think of Oral Cancer and Its Control and Prevention Strategies? A Qualitative Study in Jazan Dental School
Authors: Jafer Mohammed , Crutzen Rik , Moafa Ibtisam , van den Borne Bart 
Published: September 2019

AbstractJazan region of Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of oral cancer: 35% of cases. However, little is known about the view of dentists and dental students on possible factors that contribute to this high rate with scarce efforts regarding prevention. The study investigated possible factors related to oral cancer as perceived by dentists and dental students, using a qualitative approach. Six focus groups conducted in Jazan Dental School (JDS) and participants included dental students, interns, faculty members, and key decision-makers. All participants acknowledged oral cancer a serious public health issue in Jazan affecting all ages. The majority thought that tobacco is a major risk factor in this region, which can easily be obtained by individuals of any age or gender. Further, formal dental education in the country is not focusing on the local related risk factors. Participants agreed that practicing oral cancer examination and its risk factors education is related to clinicians’ attitude and skills. Several participants declared that no organized effort established toward oral cancer and its risk factors in the region. Cultural acceptance of oral cancer risk factors was mentioned as one of the challenges for patients. The findings indicate that dental education and training at JDS are not focusing on necessary related oral health issues and their risk factors in the community. Also, it casts a new light on the fact that dentists are not educating their patients because they lack the knowledge and the skill of health education and patients’ communication methods.
Delayed effects of prey fish quality and winter temperature during the birth year on adult size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey seals
Authors: Kauhala Kaarina , Kurkilahti Mika 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Environmental conditions of mammalian juveniles may have delayed effects on their life histories and fitness, such as body size or reproductive rate later in their lives. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis on Baltic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) and examined (1) the possible effects of prey fish quality and winter temperature on body condition of grey seal pups of both sexes and (2) the possible delayed impacts of pup environment on the body size and birth rate of adult grey seals. Body condition (blubber thickness) of especially female pups in April–May correlated negatively with winter temperatures, and body condition of male pups correlated positively with prey fish quality (herring Clupea harengus and sprat Sprattus sprattus weight). Males reached the asymptotic length at the age of 10.3 years, and body length of adult males (≥ 10 years old) was positively related to herring and sprat weight in their birth year. Females reached the asymptotic length at the age of 5.9 years. Birth rate of females (age 7–24 years) was negatively related to winter temperature in their birth year. We conclude that both changes in prey fish quality and climate may affect body condition of pups and thus also cause delayed effects on adult fitness: body size and reproductive rate of Baltic grey seals.
Editorial: Industrial relevance of molybdenum in China
Authors: Outteridge Tim , Kinsman Nicole , Ronchi Gaetano , Mohrbacher Hardy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
About 80% of all molybdenum mined in the world (not including units recovered via recycling) is used as an alloying element in iron and steel. In general, the intensity of molybdenum use in China is still lower than in more highly developed regions such as the USA and Europe. This difference is manifest in both carbon steels and stainless steels, suggesting a significant opportunity for more widespread use of molybdenum in the future as China follows its self-reliance policy, calling for more sophisticated materials. Active market development, as being pursued by the International Molybdenum Association (IMOA), is a key asset in that respect. This article summarizes some key facts on molybdenum mining, use and market development in China.
The Illusion of Motion: Corporate (Im)Mobility and the Failed Promise of Centros
Authors: Gerner-Beuerle Carsten , Mucciarelli Federico , Schuster Edmund , Siems Mathias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe European Court of Justice’s landmark decision inCentroswas heralded as creating the preconditions for a vibrant market for incorporations in the EU. In practice, however, today’s corporate landscape in Europe differs little from that of the late 1990s. Very few large companies have made use of their ability to subject themselves to the company law of a Member State in which they are not also headquartered, and there are few signs suggesting that a ‘European Delaware’ will emerge in the near future. To the extent that Member States have engaged in competitive law-making, this has largely been confined to minimum capital requirements and rules affecting the ease of the incorporation process—areas concerning primarily micro-companies. We argue that the modest effect ofCentrosis not only a function of limited economic incentives to engage in regulatory competition and regulatory arbitrage, but also of the fact that the applicability of large sections of relevant laws governing corporate behaviour is determined by real seat-like connecting factors which render regulatory arbitrage more difficult. We analyse the boundaries between thelex societatisand neighbouring legal areas, notably insolvency and tort law, and find that the body of rules regulating a company’s outward-facing activities, as opposed to its internal affairs, is largely removed from regulatory arbitrage. It therefore seems likely that the potential benefits of selecting the applicable company law, while remaining subject to a cocktail of other, equally relevant rules, are sufficiently small to be regularly outweighed by the costs of a complex and non-standard corporate structure that is necessary to exercise free movement rights.
Chunky Graphite in Ferritic Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron: Formation, Prevention, Characterization, Impact on Properties: An Overview
Authors: Baer Wolfram 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI) materials have a remarkable technical potential and economic impact in modern industry. These features are closely related to the question of how the cast materials can be produced without structural defects and graphite degenerations such as, for example, chunky graphite. Although the chunky graphite degeneration superficially seems to be well known, its metallurgical background is still controversially discussed, appropriate field-tested nondestructive tools for its quantification in castings are lacking, and the knowledge on its impact on material properties is fairly limited. Addressing this status, the article is providing a current overview on the subject. Existing theories on formation and growth mechanisms of chunky graphite are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, from a metallurgical point of view, causes for the appearance of chunky graphite as well as preventive measures are concisely summarized. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of chunky graphite and how it can be characterized by destructive and nondestructive techniques. Special emphasis was laid on providing a comprehensive overview on the impact of chunky graphite on strength, ductility, fatigue limit, fatigue crack growth rate as well as fracture toughness of ferritic SGI materials based on experimental data. Moreover, conclusions for the assessment of castings affected by chunky graphite are drawn.
Thoughts on China’s energy transition outlook
Authors: Zhongying Wang , Sandholt Kaare 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
China’s strong economic growth over the past 40 years has been followed by similar strong growth in energy consumption, based on coal. A continuation of this development is not sustainable, and China has set new ambitious targets for future energy systems development, which in reality calls for a genuine energy revolution in order to build a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient energy system towards 2035 and 2050. This paper looks at the mechanisms behind the energy transition, analysis of a concrete case for a sustainable energy system in 2050, and points to policy measures and instruments to ensure the necessary progress in this energy transition. The case shows that it is possible for China in 2050 to reduce CO2 emission to one-third of today’s emission while at the same time maintaining economic growth, improving security of supply, air quality, and economic efficiency of the power system.
Municipal level water security indices in Mexico
Authors: Arreguin-Cortes Felipe I. , Saavedra-Horita J. Raul , Rodriguez-Varela J. Manuel , Tzatchkov Velitchko G. , Cortez-Mejia Petronilo E. , Llaguno-Guilberto Oscar J. , Sainos-Candelario Arizabeth , Sandoval-Yoval Luciano , Ortega-Gaucin David , Mendoza-Cazares E. Yuri , Navarro-Barraza Salvador 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As tends to be the case in other large, developing countries, Mexico is a nation of strong meteorological, hydrographic and social contrasts throughout its territory, which impact the various strata of the population in different ways. The current paper seeks to show how these contrasts create different water-security scenarios using pertinent indices. While some of the impact factors, such as precipitation, drought and floods, are of intrinsically probabilistic nature, others are related to population vulnerability. There have been a small number of studies on water security at global or regional scale that include Mexico, or at local level in Mexico, but none of them consider probabilistic aspects and population vulnerability, neither extend to municipal level. A probabilistic methodology was defined in this paper, and applied at municipal scale in Mexico, to obtain a water security index, which considers the concepts of risk, hazard and social vulnerability. Hazard comes in the form of water supply and drainage shortage, flooding, pollution, water quality, groundwater depletion and drought indicators. Vulnerability considers factors such as the educational level of the population, access to health services, illiteracy, housing conditions, unemployment and the proportion of indigenous language population. All these indicators are very heterogeneous throughout the Mexican territory. The proposed probabilistic methodology was applied in a geographic information system environment, and it was used to obtain water security indices for all municipalities in Mexico (2456 municipalities).
The reciprocal relations between facebook relationship maintenance behaviors and adolescents’ closeness to friends
Authors: Rousseau Ann , Frison Eline , Eggermont Steven 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionScholars suggest that social networking sites such as Facebook offer adolescents an ideal setting for engaging in relationship maintenance behaviors. Despite these suggestions, it remains an open question whether adolescents' online relationship maintenance behaviors can improve aspects of positive friendship quality, such as feelings of closeness. Additionally, it is unclear whether adolescents’ feelings of closeness can motivate them to engage in online relationship maintenance behaviors. The aim of this two‐wave longitudinal panel study was to investigate the reciprocal relations between Facebook relationship maintenance behaviors (FRMB) and adolescents' closeness to friends.MethodA sample of 12‐ to 18‐year‐old Flemish adolescents (NTime1 = 1840) filled out a paper‐and‐pencil survey twice within a six month‐interval. We estimated cross‐lagged structural equation models in AMOS to test the reciprocal relations between FRMB, closeness to friends, and receiving positive Facebook reactions. To test whether the hypothesized relations were moderated by gender and/or age, we conducted multiple group comparison tests.ResultsFindings revealed that FRMB and adolescents' closeness to friends were reciprocally related over time: FRMB positively predicted adolescents' closeness to friends and closeness to friends positively predicted FRMB. In addition, receiving positive Facebook reactions mediated these reciprocal relations.ConclusionBy revealing that receiving positive Facebook reactions mediates the reciprocal relationships between FRMB and adolescents' closeness to friends, we now better understand how FRMB can increase adolescents' closeness to friends and how increased closeness to friends can enhance adolescents’ FRMB. The discussion focuses on the understanding of these findings, directions for future research, and key limitations.
The amphibamiformNanobamus macrorhinusfrom the early Permian of Texas
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanobamus macrorhinusSchoch and Milner, 2014 is a small amphibamiform temnospondyl from the early Permian Arroyo Formation of Texas. It is most readily characterized by an elongate and partially subdivided naris. This condition is superficially reminiscent of that seen in the coeval trematopids, the group to whichN. macrorhinuswas originally referred to under an interpretation of the holotype as a larval form. This was discounted by later workers, but the amphibamiform affinities of the specimen were not formalized until recently. The specimen has never been described in the context of its amphibamiform affinities and remains poorly characterized, never having been sampled in a phylogenetic analysis. Here we present a complete, updated osteological description ofN. macrorhinus, including an improved characterization of its unique mosaic of plesiomorphic and apomorphic features and clarification of the taxon's autapomorphies. Our analysis of the taxon's phylogenetic position within Amphibamiformes shows thatN. macrorhinuswas recovered as diverging after basal amphibamiforms, e.g., the micropholids, and before derived amphibamiforms, e.g., the amphibamids. This is supported by the unique mixture of retained plesiomorphies, e.g., nonforeshortened postparietals and an oval choana, and apomorphies, e.g., a narrow interorbital region and slender palatal rami of the pterygoid. These results reflect the complexity of terrestrial amphibamiform diversity and provide further insight into the evolutionary history of the lissamphibian stem in terrestrial environments.
Abortion care seeking in India: patterns and predictors
Authors: Sharma Palak , Pradhan Manas Ranjan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnsafe abortions remain a considerable public health problem and continue to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This study assessed whether women’s choice of type of health care facility for abortion in India varied by their socio-demographic and economic characteristics, and aimed to determine the significant predictors of choice of health care facility. Data were taken from the 2015–16 Indian National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-4). The study sample included women aged 15–49 years, irrespective of their marital status, who had terminated their last pregnancy by induced abortion in the five years before the survey (N = 6876). A bivariate analysis was carried out to assess the pattern in the choice of health care facility type for an abortion, and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the predictors affecting the choice of health care facility type for an abortion. The results showed that, at the time of the 2015–16 survey, women in India went to private facilities more than public facilities for abortion care, irrespective of their age, distance to facility and financial constraints. The probability of visiting a private facility increased with women’s age, gestational age and the wealth quintile. A wide variation in choice of health facility for abortion care by socioeconomic characteristics was observed.