bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing barriers to improve biocrust colonization and establishment in dryland restoration
Authors: Antoninka Anita , Bowker Matthew A. , Barger Nichole N. , Belnap Jayne , Giraldo‐Silva Ana , Reed Sasha C. , Garcia‐Pichel Ferran , Duniway Michael C. 
Published: October 2019

Methods to reduce soil loss and associated loss of ecosystem functions due to land degradation are of particular importance in dryland ecosystems. Biocrusts are communities of cyanobacteria, lichens, and bryophytes that are vulnerable to soil disturbance, but provide vital ecosystem functions when present. Biocrusts stabilize soil, improve hydrologic function, and increase nutrient and carbon inputs. Methods to reestablish biocrust rapidly, when lost from ecosystems, have the potential to restore important dryland ecosystem functions and thereby increase probability of successful rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to identify habitat ameliorations to enhance the success of biocrust inoculation by: (1) reducing physiological stress on biocrusts and increasing resource availability (using shade, soil surface roughening, and watering), and (2) stabilizing mobile soils (using straw borders, three soil tackifiers [soil stabilizers], and a combination of shade, water, roughening, and tackifier). In the Great Basin Desert on the Utah Test and Training Range near Salt Lake City, we applied field‐harvested biocrust material to experimental plots on coarse‐ and fine‐textured soils with the top 2 cm of soil and biocrust removed. Habitat ameliorations were applied with and without biocrust addition. Shade provision increased biocrust cover 50% over controls. Biocrust cover and soil stability were 65% lower in straw border plots relative to controls. Soil tackifiers, alone and in combination with resource augmentation and stress reduction, did not improve cover and stabilization over inoculated controls. We found variability in recovery by time and between soil types. These results suggest plausible strategies to improve success of biocrust inoculation.
The financial costs of political uncertainty: Evidence from the 2016 US presidential elections
Authors: Selmi Refk , Bouoiyour Jamal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe victory of Mr. Donald Trump came as a surprise to a wide range of market participants. Some of the elements of his economic plan were envisaged to affect all US sectors. This paper assesses the reactions of disaggregated US stock market to the 2016 US presidential election results, and possible deregulation that is to follow after his inauguration. We find that the different US sectors were significantly and varyingly influenced by the election result, and were greatly reactive during the days after the inauguration. This underscores that uncertainty tends to persist and even rises since the President‐elect took office.
Low‐dose anti‐hepatitis B immunoglobulin regimen as prophylaxis for hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Wei‐Chen , Chou Hong‐Shiue , Wu Tsung‐Han , Cheng Chih‐Hsien , Lee Chen‐Fang , Wang Yu‐Chao , Wu Ting‐Jung , Chan Kun‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCombination of anti‐hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) and antiviral nucleotide/nucleoside is the most common regimen for prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence. However, what the optimal regimen is for HBIg administration remains subject to debate.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐two HBV patients who had liver transplantation were included in this study. According to the decline rate of HBIg, the patients were divided into quick (group Q, n = 95) and slow decline groups (group S, n = 137). Quick HBIg decline was defined as anti‐HBs titer <200 IU/mL at postoperative month (POM) 1, when 24 000 IU of HBIg was given perioperatively. HBV recurrence was defined as reappearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).ResultsAfter a mean (range) follow‐up of 42.2 (24.1‐76.8) months, the HBV recurrence rate was 12.1% for all 232 patients. The median (interquartile) HBIg titer was 96.2 (41.0‐158.0) IU in group Q patients, compared to 418.0 (298.8‐692.8) IU in group S patients at POM 1 (P < .001). For the patients in group Q, 18 patients (18.9%) had HBV recurrence; this was higher than the 10 (7.3%) patients in group S (P = .013). Multivariate analysis showed that quick HBIg decline and hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence were the risk factors for HBV recurrence.ConclusionPerioperative low‐dose HBIg and antiviral nucleotide/nucleoside can effectively prevent HBV recurrence in patients with slow HBIg decline. For patients with quick HBIg decline, the idealized HBIg and antiviral agent regimen should be adjusted to establish an effective regimen as prophylaxis against HBV recurrence.
Rumors of Our Death…
Authors: Broude Gwen J. , Livingston Kenneth R. , de Leeuw Joshua R. , Andrews Janet K. , Long John H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNúñez and colleagues (2019) question whether cognitive science still exists “as a coherent academic field with a well‐defined and cohesive interdisciplinary research program.” This worry may be premature on two grounds. First, we are not convinced that the Lakatosian criterion of coalescence around a core framework is the best standard for judging whether a field is well‐defined and productive. Second, although we acknowledge that cognitive science is not as visible as we would like, we doubt that this low profile accurately reflects the state of actual research and teaching programs based on the cognitive science approach.
Blood transfusion‐related immunomodulation in patients with major obstetric haemorrhage
Authors: Jiao Ce , Zheng Lili 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundBlood transfusion is suggested to be immunosuppressive in surgical patients. However, the immunomodulatory effect of blood transfusion in obstetric patients with massive haemorrhage remains unknown.MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐five patients at active labour in the obstetric department were enrolled, and clinical characteristics were extracted from electrical medical records, inpatient notes, anaesthesia notes and discharge summaries. The transfused blood products included RBC, FFP and PLTs. RT‐PCR was used to quantify gene expression in the blood samples, and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to test correlation.ResultsAmong the 355 patients, 138 received a diagnosis of obstetric haemorrhage and were treated with blood transfusion. The risk factors for blood transfusion included maternal age, gestational age, preterm labour and instrumental delivery. The infants delivered by the transfusion group had significantly lower birthweight and 1‐ and 5‐min Apgar scores. Most importantly, blood transfusion is associated with a broad suppression of Th cells and an increased IL‐10 response.ConclusionsOur results show that blood transfusion is associated with immunomodulation in obstetric haemorrhage patients, suggesting more stringent criteria for blood transfusion should be taken into account in the obstetric haemorrhage patients.
Characterization of RHD alleles present in serologically RHD‐negative donors determined by a sensitive microplate technique
Authors: de Paula Vendrame Tatiane Aparecida , Prisco Arnoni Carine , Guilhem Muniz Janaína , de Medeiros Person Rosangela , Pereira Cortez Afonso José , Roche Moreira Latini Flavia , Castilho Lilian 
Published: October 2019

Background and objectivesWeak D phenotypes with very low antigen densities and DEL phenotype may not be detected in RhD typing routine and could be typed as D‐negative, leading to D alloimmunization of D‐negative recipients. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of RHD‐positive genotypes in blood donors typed as D‐negative by an automated system using the solid‐phase methodology as a confirmatory test.MethodsTwo screenings were performed in different selected donor populations. For the first screening, we selected 1403 blood donor samples typed as D‐negative regardless of the CE status, and in the second screening, we selected 517 donor samples typed as D‐negative C+ and/or E+. RhD typing was performed by microplate in an automated equipment (Neo‐Immucor®), and the confirmatory test was performed by solid‐phase technique using Capture R® technology. A multiplex PCR specific to RHD and RHDψ was performed in a pool of 6 DNA samples. Sequencing of RHD exons was performed in all RHD‐positive samples, and a specific PCR was used to identify the D‐CE(4‐7)‐D hybrid gene.Results and conclusionNo weak D type was found in either screening populations. Additionally, 353 (18·4%) D‐negative samples presented previously reported non‐functional RHD genes, 2 samples had a DEL allele, and 6 samples demonstrated new alleles, including one novel DEL allele. Our study identified six new RHD alleles and showed that the inclusion of a confirmatory test using serological methodology with high sensitivity can reduce the frequency of weak D samples typed as D‐negative.
Matched‐cohort study comparing bioactive human split‐thickness skin allograft plus standard of care to standard of care alone in the treatment of diabetic ulcers: A retrospective analysis across 470 institutions
Authors: Barbul Adrian , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Gordon Hanna , Bakewell Katie , Carter Marissa J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis retrospective, matched‐cohort study analyzed 1,556 patients with diabetic ulcers treated at 470 wound centers throughout the United States to determine the effectiveness of a cryopreserved bioactive split‐thickness skin allograft plus standard of care when compared to standard of care alone. There were 778 patients treated with the graft in the treatment cohort, who were paired with 778 patients drawn from a pool of 126,864 candidates treated with standard of care alone (controls), by using propensity matching to create nearly identical cohorts. Both cohorts received standard wound care, including surgical debridement, moist wound care, and offloading. Logistic regression analysis of healing rates according to wound size, wound location, wound duration, volume reduction, exposed deep structures, and Wagner grade was performed. Amputation rates and recidivism at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after wound closure were analyzed. Diabetic ulcers were 59% more likely to close in the treatment cohort compared to the control cohort (p = 0.0045). The healing rate with the graft was better than standard of care across multiple subsets, but the most significant improvement was noted in the worst wounds that had a duration of 90‐179 days prior to treatment (p = 0.0073), exposed deep structures (p = 0.036), and/or Wagner Grade 4 ulcers (p = 0.04). Furthermore, the decrease in recidivism was statistically significant at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, with and without initially exposed deep structures (p < 0.05). The amputation rate in the treatment cohort was 41.7% less than that of the control cohort at 20 weeks (0.9% vs. 1.5%, respectively). This study demonstrated that diabetic ulcers treated with a cryopreserved bioactive split‐thickness skin allograft were more likely to heal and remain closed compared to ulcers treated with standard of care alone.
Stability of Non-Axisymmetric Rotor and Bearing Systems Modeled With Three-Dimensional-Solid Finite Elements
Authors: Oh Joseph , Palazzolo Alan , Hu Lingnan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although rotors are simplified to be axisymmetric in rotordynamic models, many rotors in the industry are actually non-axisymmetric. Several authors have proposed methods using 3D finite element, rotordynamic models, but more efficient approaches for handling a large number of degrees-of-freedom (DOF) are needed. This task becomes particularly acute when considering parametric excitation that results from asymmetry in the rotating frame. This paper presents an efficient rotordynamic stability approach for non-axisymmetric rotor-bearing systems with complex shapes using three-dimensional solid finite elements. The 10-node quadratic tetrahedron element is used for the finite element formulation of the rotor. A rotor-bearing system, matrix differential equation is derived in the rotor-fixed coordinate system. The system matrices are reduced by using Guyan reduction. The current study utilizes the Floquet theory to determine the stability of solutions for parametrically excited rotor-bearing systems. Computational efficiency is improved by discretization and parallelization, taking advantage of the discretized monodromy matrix of Hsu's method. The method is verified by an analytical model with the Routh–Hurwitz stability criteria, and by direct time-transient, numerical integration for large order models. The proposed and Hill's methods are compared with respect to accuracy and computational efficiency, and the results indicate the limitations of Hill's method when applied to 3D solid rotor-bearing systems. A parametric investigation is performed for an asymmetric Root's blower type shaft, varying bearing asymmetry and bearing damping.
Predatory developmental environments shape loser behaviour in animal contests
Authors: Meuthen Denis , Bakker Theo C.M. , Thünken Timo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
High predation risk during development induces phenotypic changes in animals. However, little is known about how these plastic responses affect signalling and competitiveness during contests. Herein, we have studied the consequences of anti-predator plasticity during the intra-sexual competition of Pelvicachromis taeniatus, a cichlid fish with mutual mate choice. We staged contests between adult size-matched siblings of the same sex derived from different environments: one fish was regularly exposed to conspecific alarm cues since the larval stage (simulating predator presence), the other fish to control conditions. Rearing environment did not affect the winner of contests or total aggression within a fight. However, contest behaviour differed between treatments. The effects were especially pronounced in alarm cue-exposed fish that lost a contest: they generally displayed lower aggression than winners but also lower aggression than losers of the control treatment. Thus, perceived predator presence modulates intra-sexual competition behaviour by increasing the costs associated with fighting.
Evaluating the potential impact of targeted vaccination strategies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreaks in the healthcare setting
Authors: Abdirizak Fatima , Lewis Rayleen , Chowell Gerardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are two coronaviruses with demonstrated potential to generate significant nosocomial outbreaks. In particular, MERS continues to pose a significant threat in the Middle East since 2012. Currently, no licensed vaccine or drug treatment is available to treat patients infected with either coronavirus. However, there are some MERS vaccines in the preclinical stage of development. We sought to evaluate the potential impact of targeted vaccination strategies for mitigating SARS and MERS outbreaks in healthcare settings using simple mathematical models and detailed historic transmission trees describing the progression of past nosocomial outbreaks of SARS and MERS.ResultsOur findings suggest that vaccination strategies targeting patients and healthcare workers, which have been disproportionately affected during past outbreaks, and assuming two vaccination coverage levels at 50 and 75% have the potential to avert nearly 50% or more of MERS or SARS cases.ConclusionOur modeling results informed by historic outbreak data for SARS and MERS suggest that vaccination strategies targeting patients could be an effective measure to mitigate and prevent outbreaks in the healthcare setting.
Bone Histomorphometry in Young Patients With Type 2 Diabetes is Affected by Disease Control and Chronic Complications
Authors: Andrade Vicente F C , Chula Domingos C , Sabbag Fábio P , Cavalheiro Daniel D da S , Bavia Lorena , Ambrósio Altair Rogério , da Costa Cleber Rafael V , dos Reis Luciene M , Borba Victória Z C , Aguiar Moreira Carolina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of fractures. No study has evaluated the correlation of bone histomorphometry (BH) parameters with glycemic control and presence of chronic complications (CCs) in premenopausal women with T2DM.

Objectives
To evaluate BH and correlate them with the degree of glycemic control and presence of CCs.

Design, settings, and patients
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary medical center. Twenty-six premenopausal women with T2DM were divided into groups with glycated hemoglobin HbA1c &lt; 7% (good control, GC; n = 10) and HbA1c &gt; 7% (poor control, PC; n = 16), and further subdivided into groups with (n = 9) and without (n = 17) CCs. BH parameters (bone volume [bone volume per total volume, BV/TV], trabecular thickness [Tb.Th], trabecular number [Tb.N], trabecular separation [Tb.Sp], osteoid thickness [O.Th], osteoid surface [osteoid surface per bone surface, OS/BS]), mineralizing surface [MS/BS], bone formation rate [BFR]), mineral apposition rate [MAR]) as well as serum pentosidine (PEN) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 were measured. The BH data were compared among the groups and with a BH control group (control group, CG, n = 15) matched by age, sex, and race.

Results
BV/TV was increased in GC (P &lt; .001) and PC (P = .05) groups and O.th (P = .03) was smaller in the PC group than in the CG. A comparison of the groups with and without CCs with the CG showed in the group with CCs, O.Th was smaller(P = .01) and BV/TV similar to the CG (P = .11). HbA1c correlated negatively with O.Th (P = .02) and OS/BS (P = .01). There was no correlation of BH to PEN and IGF-1.

Conclusion
BH in premenopausal patients with T2DM is affected by disease control and chronic complications.
Comparison of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery regarding clinical outcomes, complication and return to daily life: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Gürpınar Tahsin , Polat Barış , Polat Ayşe Esin , Carkçı Engin , Kalyenci Ahmet Sinan , Oztürkmen Yusuf 
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical results and complications as well as patient satisfaction in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome operated with open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) or endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) techniques.
Methods: This study conducted in Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between August 2016 and January 2018. A total of 54 patients were operated with the ECTR technique and 50 patients were operated with the OCTR technique after failing nonsurgical treatment. Patients functional scores are assessed with the carpal tunnel syndrome-functional status score (CTS-FSS) and carpal tunnel syndrome-symptom severity score (CTS-SSS). Operation time, incision length and complications of the two techniques were noted and compared.
Results: The age, sex distribution, distribution of sides, and complaint period were not significant (p > 0.05) between the groups. The preoperative or postoperative CTS-SSS and CTS-FSS values did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Incision length, time to return to work and return to daily life in the OCTR group was significantly higher than the ECTR group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: ECTR has similar results in terms of symptom relief, severity, functional status, pillar pain and complication rates compared to OCTR. However, it has the advantages of early return to daily life, early return to work and less incision length.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.967
How to cite this:Gurpinar T, Polat B, Polat AE, Carkci E, Kalyenci AS, Ozturkmen Y. Comparison of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel surgery regarding clinical outcomes, complication and return to daily life: A prospective comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1532-1537. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.967
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of mercazolil and thyroid parathyroidectomy on the properties of the Ca2 + -ATPase of the sarcoplasmic skeletal muscle reticulum
Authors: Bagel I. M. 
Published: October 2019

The kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Ca2+-ATPase of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are studied in rats subjected to thyroparathyroidectomy and in rats with thyroid hypofunction induced by mercazolyl (10 mg/kg). The studies included measurements of the blood serum calcitonin and thyroxin.
Removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands led to an early (in 3 days) significant decrease of Vmax and a drop of Ca by the end of experiment (30 days) and altered the thermodynamic characteristics of Ca2^-ATPase, which indicated changes in the SR membrane protein phase. Mercazolyl induced an increase of Vmax in 3 days and a decrease in Ca in 30 days and changed the thermodynamic properties of the enzyme. Thyroid hypofunction was associated with a drop of thyroxin and calcitonin levels in the serum.
Thyroid and parathyroid dysfunctions involved changes in the structure and function of Ca2+-ATPase of SR.
Racializing the problem of and solution to foreign accent in business
Authors: Ramjattan Vijay A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGiven the desire to attract skilled immigrants to English-speaking countries in the Global North, business environments in these nations may see the increased presence of workers who speak English with a foreign accent. While organizations may tout this linguistic diversity, there is a concern that a foreign accent interferes with successful business communication. This apparent issue can result in a lack of employment opportunities for foreign-accented professionals and has also created a rise in private accent reduction programs that seek to improve the employability of these professionals. What is understated or even omitted in the discussion of these trends is the impact of racialization. First, the (lack of) employability of foreign-accented workers may be determined by a set of racial hierarchies in which some bodies are perceived as better for work than others. Furthermore, the notion that simply reducing an accent increases one’s employability ignores racialized power structures that truly prevent the employment of certain immigrants. Through the lens of raciolinguistic ideologies, which look at the intermingling of language and race, this article explores the above issues by arguing that foreign accent discrimination and accent reduction are indeed racialized and thus perpetuate the inequality experienced by immigrant professionals in business.