bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenic risk for neuropsychiatric disease and vulnerability to abnormal deep grey matter development
Authors: Cullen Harriet , Krishnan Michelle L. , Selzam Saskia , Ball Gareth , Visconti Alessia , Saxena Alka , Counsell Serena J. , Hajnal Jo , Breen Gerome , Plomin Robert , Edwards A. David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeuropsychiatric disease has polygenic determinants but is often precipitated by environmental pressures, including adverse perinatal events. However, the way in which genetic vulnerability and early-life adversity interact remains obscure. We hypothesised that the extreme environmental stress of prematurity would promote neuroanatomic abnormality in individuals genetically vulnerable to psychiatric disorders. In 194 unrelated infants (104 males, 90 females), born before 33 weeks of gestation (mean gestational age 29.7 weeks), we combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging with a polygenic risk score (PRS) for five psychiatric pathologies to test the prediction that: deep grey matter abnormalities frequently seen in preterm infants are associated with increased polygenic risk for psychiatric illness. The variance explained by the PRS in the relative volumes of four deep grey matter structures (caudate nucleus, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus and lentiform nucleus) was estimated using linear regression both for the full, mixed ancestral, cohort and a subsample of European infants. Psychiatric PRS was negatively associated with lentiform volume in the full cohort (β = −0.24, p = 8 × 10−4) and a European subsample (β = −0.24, p = 8 × 10−3). Genetic variants associated with neuropsychiatric disease increase vulnerability to abnormal lentiform development after perinatal stress and are associated with neuroanatomic changes in the perinatal period.
Conservation implications of turtle declines in Australia’s Murray River system
Authors: Van Dyke J. U. , Spencer R. –J. , Thompson M. B. , Chessman B. , Howard K. , Georges A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConservation requires rapid action to be effective, which is often difficult because of funding limitations, political constraints, and limited data. Turtles are among the world’s most endangered vertebrate taxa, with almost half of 356 species threatened with extinction. In Australia’s Murray River, nest predation by invasive foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was predicted to drive turtle declines in the 1980s. We assessed populations of the broad-shelled turtle (Chelodina expansa), eastern long-necked turtle (C. longicollis), and Murray River turtle (Emydura macquarii) in the Murray River and some of its associated waterways. Our results suggest that the predicted decline is occurring. All three species are rare in the lower Murray River region, and were undetected in many locations in South Australia. Moreover,E. macquariihad considerable population aging almost everywhere, possibly due to comprehensive nest destruction by foxes.Chelodina longicollisalso had population aging at some sites. Sustained low recruitment has potential to lead to collapses as turtles age, which is particularly worrying because it was predicted over 30 years ago and may have already occurred in South Australia. Our results show that turtle declines were not mitigated since that prediction. If the crash continues, a vertebrate guild responsible for considerable nutrient cycling in the aquatic ecosystem will disappear. Our results highlight a worst-case outcome when species declines are predicted, but insufficiently mitigated.
Carbonaceous nano-dust emission in proto-planetary discs: the aliphatic-aromatic components
Authors: Boutéraon T. , Habart E. , Ysard N. , Jones A. P. , Dartois E. , Pino T. 
Published: February 2019

Context. In the interstellar medium, carbon (nano-)grains are a major component of interstellar dust. This solid phase is more vulnerable to processing and destruction than its silicate counterpart. It exhibits a complex, size-dependent evolution that is due to interactions within different radiative and dynamical environments. Infrared signatures of these carbon nano-grains are seen in a large number of discs around Herbig HAeBe stars.
Aims. We probe the composition and evolution of carbon nano-grains at the surface of (pre-)transitional proto-planetary discs around Herbig stars.
Methods. We present spatially resolved infrared emission spectra obtained with the Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS) Near-Infrared Imager and Spectrograph (CONICA) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in the 3–4 μm range with a spatial resolution of 0.1′′, which allowed us to trace aromatic, olefinic, and aliphatic bands that are attributed to sub-nanometer hydrocarbon grains. We applied a Gaussian fitting to analyse the observed spectral signatures. Finally, we propose an interpretation in the framework of the The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model of Interstellar Solids (THEMIS).
Results. We show the presence of several spatially extended spectral features that are related to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon material in discs around Herbig stars, from ~10 to 50–100 au, and even in inner gaps that are devoid of large grains. The correlation and constant intensity ratios between aliphatic and aromatic CH stretching bands suggests a common nature of the carriers. Given their expected high destruction rates through UV photons, our observations suggest that they are continuously replenished at the disc surfaces.
WeanNet: Das Netzwerk pneumologischer Weaningzentren
Authors: Schönhofer B. 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie invasive Beatmung mit dem endotrachealen Tubus als Beatmungszugang ist Therapie der Wahl der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz. Multifaktoriell bedingt steigt die Zahl der Patienten, die länger dauernd vom Beatmungsgerät abhängig sind. Die prolongierte Entwöhnung von der mechanischen Beatmung (engl. „Weaning“ oder „Liberation“) hat daher eine zunehmende Bedeutung.Seit den 90er-Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts wurden in pneumologischen Kliniken Weaningeinheiten etabliert. Mit dem Ziel, in diesen Weaningzentren eine möglichst hohe Behandlungsqualität zu erreichen, wurde im Jahr 2007 innerhalb der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP) das Netzwerk „WeanNet“ gegründet. Die Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität der Weaningzentren wird im Rahmen eines Zertifizierungsverfahrens überprüft. Bis zum Stand Oktober 2018 wurden 53 Weaningzentren zertifiziert.Wichtige Aussagen und Empfehlungen zu Behandlungsstrategien im prolongierten Weaning wurden im Jahr 2014 in der S2k-Leitlinie „Prolongiertes Weaning“ unter Federführung der DGP erstellt.Erstmals wurden 2016 von der WeanNet-Study Group Daten zum Outcome von 6899 Patienten mit prolongiertem Weaning aus dem WeanNet-Register veröffentlicht. Die Mehrzahl der Patienten (62 %) konnte erfolgreich vom Respirator entwöhnt werden. Eine nicht invasive Beatmung nach prolongiertem Weaning war in ca. 19 % der Patienten aufgrund einer chronisch ventilatorischen Insuffizienz erforderlich.Wegen zunehmender Patientenzahl und damit verbundenen Herausforderungen im Bereich der intra- und extrahospitalen Beatmungsmedizin steht „WeanNet“ dem Gesundheitswesen als zukunftsorientierter Gesprächspartner zur Verfügung.
The treatment of migraine patients with triptans – is there a need for further Rx-to-OTC switches?
Authors: Schneider-Ziebe Anissa , May Uwe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objective The disease migraine affects a large share of the German population and is linked to a high economic potential in terms of direct and indirect sickness costs. Triptans are the recommended treatment in the case of an acute migraine attack. Both, the disease and its appropriate treatment are of interest in the context of self-medication and Rx-to-OTC switch efforts. Therefore, a survey was carried out with the intention to collect data among migraine patients regarding the use of analgesics in general and of triptans specifically. This data can be the basis for further health economic considerations.
Methods By an online survey among 206 migraine patients, different data regarding patients suffering from migraine, the frequency and sort of symptoms and the use of analgesics in general as well as triptans specifically was collected and analysed. A special focus was on symptoms affecting patients’ productivity, their use of triptans and their satisfaction with the current supply situation with triptans.
Results The survey revealed among other findings that most patients suffer from symptoms which limit their productivity or their ability to work and make an immediate treatment necessary. Most patients know well about their disease and feel able to treat themselves in the context of self-medication once they are diagnosed by a physician. In this context a demand for further triptans available without a prescription could be identified. This is specifically, because patients respond differently to various triptans. Therefore, a larger variety of prescription free triptans would increase the number of patients with access to OTC triptans significantly.
Conclusion Most survey respondents know well about their disease and the appropriate treatment and feel able to treat themselves within the scope of self-medication. Nevertheless, they mostly respond to one triptan only. In the case of an acute migraine attack an immediate treatment is required, ideal is an intake of triptans as soon as first symptoms occur. In this context pharmacies play an important role as fast and low-threshold access point to medications. Because only a limited number of patients responds to the already prescription free available triptans, there is a demand for further Rx-to-OTC switches of triptans among migraine patients which should be considered in further switch efforts in Germany.
Digital Analysis of Nasal Airflow Facilitating Decision Support in Rhinosurgery
Authors: Brüning Jan , Lamecker Hans , Zachow Stefan , Heppt Werner , Schmidt Nora , Goubergrits Leonid , Hildebrandt Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSuccessful functional surgery on the nasal framework requires reliable and comprehensive diagnosis. In this regard, the authors introduce a new methodology: Digital Analysis of Nasal Airflow (diANA). It is based on computational fluid dynamics, a statistical shape model of the healthy nasal cavity and rhinologic expertise. diANA necessitates an anonymized tomographic dataset of the paranasal sinuses including the complete nasal cavity and, when available, clinical information. The principle of diANA is to compare the morphology and the respective airflow of an individual nose with those of a reference. This enables morphometric aberrations and consecutive flow field anomalies to localize and quantify within a patient’s nasal cavity. Finally, an elaborated expert opinion with instructive visualizations is provided. Using diANA might support surgeons in decision-making, avoiding unnecessary surgery, gaining more precision, and target-orientation for indicated operations.
The Healthy Nasal Cavity—Characteristics of Morphology and Related Airflow Based on a Statistical Shape Model Viewed from a Surgeon's Perspective
Authors: Hildebrandt Thomas , Schmidt Nora , Lamecker Hans , Heppt Werner , Zachow Stefan , Goubergrits Leonid , Brüning Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFunctional surgery on the nasal framework requires referential criteria to objectively assess nasal breathing for indication and follow-up. This motivated us to generate a mean geometry of the nasal cavity based on a statistical shape model. In this study, the authors could demonstrate that the introduced nasal cavity's mean geometry features characteristics of the inner shape and airflow, which are commonly observed in symptom-free subjects. Therefore, the mean geometry might serve as a reference-like model when one considers qualitative aspects. However, to facilitate quantitative considerations and statistical inference, further research is necessary. Additionally, the authors were able to obtain details about the importance of the isthmus nasi and the inferior turbinate for the intranasal airstream.
Physician Perceptions of the Electronic Problem List in Pediatric Trauma Care
Authors: Hose Bat-Zion , Hoonakker Peter , Wooldridge Abigail , Brazelton III Thomas , Dean Shannon , Eithun Ben , Fackler James , Gurses Ayse , Kelly Michelle , Kohler Jonathan , McGeorge Nicolette , Ross Joshua , Rusy Deborah , Carayon Pascale 
Published: February 2019

Objective To describe physician perceptions of the potential goals, characteristics, and content of the electronic problem list (PL) in pediatric trauma.
Methods We conducted 12 semistructured interviews with physicians involved in the pediatric trauma care process, including residents, fellows, and attendings from four services: emergency medicine, surgery, anesthesia, and pediatric critical care. Using qualitative content analysis, we identified PL goals, characteristics, and patient-related information from these interviews and the hospital's PL etiquette document of guideline.
Results We identified five goals of the PL (to document the patient's problems, to make sense of the patient's problems, to make decisions about the care plan, to know who is involved in the patient's care, and to communicate with others), seven characteristics of the PL (completeness, efficiency, accessibility, multiple users, organized, created before arrival, and representing uncertainty), and 22 patient-related information elements (e.g., injuries, vitals). Physicians' suggested criteria for a PL varied across services with respect to goals, characteristics, and patient-related information.
Conclusion Physicians involved in pediatric trauma care described the electronic PL as ideally more than a list of a patient's medical diagnoses and injuries. The information elements mentioned are typically found in other parts of the patient's electronic record besides the PL, such as past medical history and labs. Future work is needed to evaluate the optimal design of the PL so that users with emergent cases, such as pediatric trauma, have access to key information related to the patient's immediate problems.
Replacement of the Nasal Dorsum with a Diced Cartilage Glue Graft
Authors: Tasman Abel-Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe reconstruction of the nasal dorsum after a hump resection is challenging if narrowing of the nose is to be avoided, the nasal skin is very thin, and the nasal bones are short. This report describes the replacement of the bony and cartilaginous nasal dorsum after resection with an anatomically shaped dorsal replacement graft of diced cartilage in fibrin glue. The technique is illustrated with a clinical case and sonographic morphometry of the nasal dorsum and tip. A modification of the diced cartilage glue graft for thin-skinned patients is presented.
Dexmedetomidine to Treat 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Induced Agitation in a 13-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sanders Patricia J. L. T. , Hanot Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report a 13-month-old infant who accidentally ingested a tablet of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and was brought to the emergency department with tachycardia, seizures, mydriasis, and altered mental status. The patient received multiple doses of benzodiazepines to treat the seizures and developed respiratory insufficiency needing intubation. After extubation, the patient developed hyperactivity, myoclonic, and choreoathetoid movements which were unresponsive to benzodiazepines. Dexmedetomidine was started with good response. The patient made a full clinical recovery. This is the first case that illustrates the possibility to treat MDMA-induced agitation with dexmedetomidine in a 13-month-old infant.
Homozygous Deletion of the CFTR Gene Caused by Interstitial Maternal Isodisomy in a Peruvian Child with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Vásquez Sotomayor Flor , Abarca-Barriga Hugo Hernán 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report the first case in Peru of cystic fibrosis caused by a homozygous deletion of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. A 10-month-old child who presented with meconium ileus and pancreatic insufficiency was tested for cystic fibrosis. Both parents of the child are of Peruvian background, are nonconsanguineous, and have no personal or family history of the disease. Chromosome microarray analysis revealed a homozygous deletion of the CFTR gene on chromosome 7 (7q31.2) within a maternally derived 12.8-Mb region of loss of heterozygosity with deletion of a region that includes the CFTR gene. Parental testing confirmed this finding. This case highlights the great importance of molecular testing and the study of chromosomal rearrangements in reaching a correct diagnosis and providing proper genetic counseling to the affected families.
In-situ observation of interaction between precipitates and austenite during δ→γ phase transformations
Authors: Liu Yang , Sun Yanhui 
Published: February 2019

The δ-ferrite to γ-austenite phase transformation in duplex stainless steels was observed using ultra high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope, and the orientation relationship between the γ phase, and precipitate is discussed. Owing to mutual promotion action, the γ phase was observed at δ/δ grain boundary at the beginning of δ-ferrite→γ-austenite transformation, followed by two-dimensional γ-phase growth at the same speed (0.625 µm s−1) along the grain boundary and into the δ grain matrix. The γ-phase growth rate decreases to 0.244 µm s−1 when precipitate stops growing. In the process of grain growth at high temperature, the precipitated pinning grain boundary will slow the movement speed of the grain boundary. The mutual promotion action leads to preferential nucleation of the γ phase, and the nucleation and growth of the austenite also promoting the growth of MnS the growth. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Identification and characterization of cytochrome P450 1232A24 and 1232F1 from Arthrobacter sp. and their role in the metabolic pathway of papaverine
Authors: Klenk Jan M , Fischer Max-Philipp , Dubiel Paulina , Sharma Mahima , Rowlinson Benjamin , Grogan Gideon , Hauer Bernhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play crucial roles in the cell metabolism and provide an unsurpassed diversity of catalysed reactions. Here, we report the identification and biochemical characterization of two P450s from Arthrobacter sp., a Gram-positive organism known to degrade the opium alkaloid papaverine. Combining phylogenetic and genomic analysis suggested physiological roles for P450s in metabolism and revealed potential gene clusters with redox partners facilitating the reconstitution of the P450 activities in vitro. CYP1232F1 catalyses the para demethylation of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid to homovanillic acid while CYP1232A24 continues demethylation to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Interestingly, the latter enzyme is also able to perform both demethylation steps with preference for the meta position. The crystal structure of CYP1232A24, which shares only 29% identity to previous published structures of P450s helped to rationalize the preferred demethylation specificity for the meta position and also the broader substrate specificity profile. In addition to the detailed characterization of the two P450s using their physiological redox partners, we report the construction of a highly active whole-cell Escherichia coli biocatalyst expressing CYP1232A24, which formed up to 1.77 g l−1 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Our results revealed the P450s’ role in the metabolic pathway of papaverine enabling further investigation and application of these biocatalysts.
A non-canonical arm of UPRER mediates longevity through ER remodeling and lipophagy
Authors: Daniele Joseph R. , Higuchi-Sanabria Ryo , Ramachandran Vidhya , Sanchez Melissa , Durieux Jenni , Tronnes Sarah U. , Paul Joseph W. , Esping Daniel J. , Monshietehadi Samira , Metcalf Melissa G. , Dillin Andrew 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTLongevity is dictated by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. One of the key mechanisms implicated in regulating lifespan extension is the ability to induce protein chaperones to promote protein homeostasis. However, it is unclear whether protein chaperones exclusively regulate longevity. Previous work has shown that activating the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) in neurons can signal peripheral tissues to promote chaperone expression, thus enhancing organismal stress resistance and extending lifespan. Here, we find that this activation not only promotes chaperones, but facilitates a dramatic restructuring of ER morphology in intestinal cells. This restructuring, which includes depletion of lipid droplets, ER expansion, and ER tubulation, depends of lipophagy. Surprisingly, we find that lipophagy is required for lifespan extension and is completely independent of chaperone function. Therefore, UPR induction in neurons triggers two distinct programs in the periphery: the canonical arm through protein chaperones, and a non-canonical mechanism through lipid depletion. In summary, our study identifies lipophagy as an integral component of UPRER-induced longevity.
Surpassing thermodynamic, kinetic, and stability barriers to isomerization catalysis for tagatose biosynthesis
Authors: Bober Josef R , Nair Nikhil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere are many enzymes that are relevant for making rare and valuable chemicals that while active, are severely limited by thermodynamic, kinetic, or stability issues (e.g. isomerases, lyases, transglycosidase etc.). In this work, we study an enzymatic reaction system −Lactobacillus sakeiL-arabinose isomerase (LsLAI) for D-galactose to D-tagatose isomerization – that is limited by all three reaction parameters. The enzyme has a low catalytic efficiency for non-natural substrate galactose, has low thermal stability at temperatures > 40 °C, and equilibrium conversion < 50%. After exploring several strategies to overcome these limitations, we finally show that encapsulating the enzyme in a gram-positive bacterium (Lactobacillus plantarum) that is chemically permeabilized can enable reactions at high rates, high conversion, and at high temperatures. The modified whole cell system stabilizes the enzyme, differentially partitions substrate and product across the membrane to shift the equilibrium toward product formation enables rapid transport of substrate and product for fast kinetics. In a batch process, this system enables approximately 50 % conversion in 4 h starting with 300 mM galactose (an average productivity of 37 mM/h), and 85 % conversion in 48 h, which are the highest reported for food-safe mesophilic tagatose synthesis. We suggest that such an approach may be invaluable for other enzymatic processes that are similarly kinetically-, thermodynamically-, and/or stability-limited.