bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių paauglių savęs vertinimo lygio ir patyčių sąsaja
Authors: Tilindienė Ilona , Valantinė Irena , Murauskaitė Dovilė , Stupuris Tomas 
Published: May 2019

Mokykloje kiekvienas vaikas turėtų jaustis svarbus ir saugus. Deja, realybė dažnai esti visai kitokia. Lietuvos ir užsie-nio mokslininkai teigia, kad mokyklose agresyvumo, tyčiojimosi mastas vis didėja ir, kaip įrodyta empiriniais tyrimais (Andreou, 2001; Christian, Kashiwagi, 2007; Zaborskis, Vareikienė, 2008; Carlson, Cornell, 2008 ir kt.), yra vaikų, kurie nuolat patiria bendraamžių patyčias mokykloje. Visgi tyrinėtojai (Graziano, 2003; Haddock, 2006) tvirtina, kad būtų svarbiau išsiaiškinti, kokie individualūs pagrindiniai charakterio asmenybiniai ir socialinio pažinimo procesai susiję su patyčių raiška, o ne analizuoti patį tyčiojimąsi bei jo paplitimo mastą, kuris ir taip ganėtinai ištyrinėtas. Daugelis sporto mokslininkų (Boyd, Hrycaiko, 1997; Šniras, Malinauskas, 2006; Dunn et al., 2008 ir kt.) pripažįsta, kad įsitraukimas į sportinę veiklą teigiamai veikia paauglių savęs vertinimą, prisideda prie paauglio tapatumo ir teigiamos savigarbos vystymosi, skatina bendradarbiavimą su bendraamžiais, ugdo ﬁ zinius gebėjimus, charakterį, kūrybingumą, vertybių sistemą, atitraukia jį nuo žalingų įpročių, padeda integruotis į visuomenę.Tyrimo tikslas — atskleisti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių paauglių savęs vertinimo lygio ir patyčių sąsają.Tyrimo objektas — sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių paauglių savęs vertinimo lygio ir patyčių sąsaja.Apklausos metu, kuri buvo atliekama 2009 metais, tirti 386 Kauno ir Prienų miestų mokyklų 12—15 metų sportuo-jantys ir nesportuojantys paaugliai. Jiems buvo pateikta Shostrom savęs vertinimo metodikos (pakoreguota) anketa ir patyčių anketa, parengta remiantis Didžiosios Britanijos Jorko miesto „Patyčių klausimynu moksleiviams“. Nustatyta, kad sportuojantys paaugliai patiria mažiau patyčių nei nesportuojantys jų bendraamžiai (p < 0,01). Tačiau lyties požiūriu statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas tarp patiriamų patyčių nustatytas tik tarp sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių vaikinų (p < 0,01) (pastarieji patyčias patiria dažniau). Didesnė dalis paauglių inicijuoja patyčias kartais, tačiau nei sportinės veiklos, nei lyties požiūriu statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo tarp inicijuojamų paauglių patyčių nenustatyta (p > 0,05).Tyrimas parodė, kad patiriantys patyčias paaugliai yra vidutinio ir žemo savęs vertinimo lygio. Tiriamieji, patys inicijuojantys patyčias, vidutiniškai vertina save, tačiau sportuojančių vaikinų savęs vertinimo lygis yra aukštas. Statistiškai reikšmingas savęs vertinimo lygio skirtumas nustatytas tik tarp sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių vaikinų (p < 0,05).Analizuojant asmens patiriamų patyčių ir jo paties tyčiojimosi iš kitų bendraamžių ryšį su savęs vertinimu, nustatyta silpna šių reiškinių priklausomybė nuo užsiėmimo sportine veikla ir lyties.Raktažodžiai: patyčios, savęs vertinimas, sportinė veikla.
The Residual Effect of Prior Drop Jumps on EMG Parameters of Thigh Muscles during Moderate and Heavy Cycling
Authors: Baranauskienė Neringa , Stasiulė Loreta , Raubaitė Sandra , Stasiulis Arvydas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Prior eccentric or eccentric-concentric exercise induces long lasting muscle fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Moreover, the surface electromyograme sEMG amplitude increases under fatigue conditions. We suppose that prior eccentric – concentric exercise, inducing DOMS, increases EMG amplitude of thigh muscles during constant cycling exercises.Research aim of the study was to assess the residual effect of 100 prior drop jumps (PDJ) on the sEMG of m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis during moderate and heavy intensity cycling exercises. Research methods. On four different days 10 female students performed one increasing and three (control, 45 min and 24 h after 100 drop jumps) moderate and heavy cycling (Ergoline-800, Germany) exercises. The cadence of cycling was 70 rpm. The sEMG of right thigh m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis were continuously recorded during moderate and heavy cycling exercise. Creatine kinasis activity was measured and DOMS was rated 24 h after PDJ. Research results. After 24 h the subjects felt moderate DOMS (5.0 (2.79)) according to 10 point scale. The sEMG root mean square amplitude of m. vastus lateralis significantly increased 24 h after PDJ during moderate, but unaltered during heavy cycling exercise under fatigue conditions (45 min and 24 h after PDJ).Discussion and conclusion. Prior drop jumps seem to have significant residual (within 24 h of recovery) effect on EMG of thigh muscles during moderate cycling exercise in female students.Keywords: delayed onset muscle soreness, constant load, EMG root mean square.
Nutrition Peculiarities and Addictions of Young Women with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Healthy Persons Aged 18–25 Years and their Interplay with Body Composition
Authors: Čapkauskienė Sandrija , Vizbaraitė Daiva , Garlavičiūtė Joana , Vaitkevičiūtė Nilana 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Nutrition therapy is important for the prophylaxis of diabetes, managing existing diabetes, and preventing or at least slowing the rate of development of diabetes complications. We suppose that nutrition peculiarities and addictions of young diabetic women interplay with their body composition.Research aim was to determine nutrition peculiarities and addictions of young girls with diabetes mellitus type 1 and healthy persons aged 18–25 years and their interplay with body composition.Research methods. The study included 24 healthy young women (mean age: 20.2 ± 1.2), and 14 young women with type 1 diabetes (mean age: 21.9 ± 0.8). Anthropometric measurements were performed, and a questionnaire to determine nutrition peculiarities and addictions was used.Research results. The values of BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio index were statistically significantly higher in women with type 1 diabetes (p < 0.05). Vegetable oil for cooking was reported by 86% of diabetic and 58% of healthy women (p < 0.05). 50% of diabetics responded that they always had their meals at regular hours, and only 4% of healthy women pointed out irregular hours of their meals (p < 0.05). Evaluations of addictions did not reveal any significant difference (p > 0.05). Nutrition peculiarities and addictions did not have any effect on the body composition of the research participants.Discussion and conclusions. BMI was within normal limits, however, this indicator was significantly higher in women with type 1 diabetes. Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio were also significantly higher in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Young diabetic women reported having meals at regular hours more often. Vegetable oil for cooking was used in both groups; additionally, healthy women were more likely to consume home-grown foods. When evaluating addictions, a significant difference between groups was not observed. Nutrition peculiarities and addictions did not have any effect on body composition.Keywords: anthropometrical data, questionnaire, smoking, alcohol.
The Analysis of Factors Related to Creativity in the Sample of Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Lapėnienė Dalia , Dumčienė Audronė , Lapėnas Tomas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. There are many obstacles for creativity in physical education teachers’ work but majority of physical education teachers tend to work creatively so it is worthwhile to explore which variables predict creativity. The hypothesis of the study: Personal factors are more important for physical education teachers’ creativity in comparison to social factors.Research aim was to identify individual and social factors, predicting creativity in the sample of physical education teachers. Research methods. Quantitative study. The questionnaire survey was used to establish the level of creativity, creative self-efficacy, motivation, emotions and the microclimate characteristics. The sample involved 120 physical education teachers. Research results. Creativity was predicted by self-efficacy and intrinsic process motivation. Extrinsic motivation inhibited creativity in physical education teachers’ work. Supervisory encouragement for creativity has the only social factor facilitating creativity.Discussion and conclusions. The obtained data confirmed interrelation between creativity and self-efficacy and validated results obtained by D. F. De Moulin (1993). Intrinsic process motivation also predicts creativity. It is in agreement with Y. Ommundsen and S. Eikanger Kvalo’s (2007) results. Extrinsic motivation has negative impact towards creativity. It is possible that teachers motivated intrinsically create task-involving motivational climate which leads to competitiveness (Ommundsen, Eikanger Kvalo, 2007). Supervisory encouragement is the only social variable predicting teachers’ creativity. The data revealed that supervisors’ behavior was more important than that of colleagues (Laker et al., 2008; Blankenship, Coleman, 2009).Keywords: creativity, personal and social factors.
Anaerobic Power and Repetitive Muscle Work Capacity of Older Elite and Developing Young Basketball Players
Authors: Paulauskas Rūtenis , Dadelienė Rūta , Paulauskienė Rasa , Skernevičius Juozas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Players need to repeat performance of highly intensive work for a particular time combining it with rest intervals. The muscle power and anaerobic repetitive muscle work capacity of elite basketball players is higher than those in young athletes.Research aim was to investigate anaerobic power and repetitive muscle work capacity of older elite (n = 13) and young basketball players (n = 12) and to carry out comparative analysis of indicators in these groups. Research methods. During competition period, laboratory 5 × 6 s repeated effort test with rest intervals of 24 s was employed. The average indicator of power during each work interval was provided and fatigue index was calculated. Three minutes after the physical load, the concentration of lactate in the blood was measured. Research results. A statistically significant difference was observed for absolute muscle power of elite and young basketball players in the first sprint (p < 0.004) The research on relative indicators for one kilogram of the body mass showed that the power of elite (13.06 W·kg -1 ) and young players (11.74 W·kg -1 ) did not differ statistically (p < 0.09). The fatigue index investigated in both groups did not differ (p < 0.77). Discussion and conclusions. The research revealed that relative indicators of muscle power of elite basketball players did not significant differ from those of young athletes. The same anaerobic repetitive muscle work capacity was observed in both groups.It was established that the concentration of lactate in the blood increased after physical load more than to 9 mol·l -1 and did not differ in the two groups. This means that working for 6 seconds at maximum strength and relaxing 4 times longer, repeating this work five times, PCr is not enough for ATP resynthesis and, therefore, anaerobic glycolic reactions are activated.Keywords: fatigue, lactate, recovery, muscles.
The Influence of Pilates Exercise on Women`s Anthrophometry Indices, Core Muscle Performance and Heart Rate Changes during the Session
Authors: Abramavičiūtė Vaiva , Zaičenkovienė Kristina , Sujeta Artūras 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Pilates exercises are used in fitness and in some forms of rehabilitation programs (Di Lorenzo, 2011). Pilates focuses on core body exercise and activation of transversus abdominis muscle (TrA), multifidus and pelvic floor muscles can also be used as an exercise programme controlling body mass and blood pressure. Little is known about the Pilates exercise intensity and heart rate changes during the practice session.The aim of the current research was to study the impact of Pilates exercise on women’s body weight, core muscle performance and to evaluate heart rate changes during the practice session.Research methods included anthropometry measurements, heart rate and core muscle performance measures.Research results. In the period of 8-week Pilates training we found that it had a significant impact on women’s fat body mass and static core muscle endurance. Slightly decreasing tendency was found in BMI, but there were no statistically different changes between the results at the beginning and after 8-week training period. Measuring HR changes during the Pilates session we found that moderate HR was 98.2 (4.7) beats/min and maximum HR was 131.4 (7.2) beats/min. Maximum HR took approximately 10% and moderate HR – 90% of training period time. Discussion and conclusions. We found that 8-week Pilates training period had a positive influence on the participants’ core muscle performance, fat body mass and minor BMI reduction. As a result, Pilates exercises could be used for the prevention of low back pain and to reduce obesity. Slight HR changes during the session indicate that Pilates exercises may have implications for the rehabilitation of individuals who have high blood pressure and cannot go in for high intensity physical activity.Keywords: BMI, heart rate, Pilates training, static endurance of core muscles
Optimization of Technical Training of Ice-Hockey Players Aged 8–17 Years
Authors: Girdauskas Gracijus , Kazakevičius Rimas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Training models in athlete training have already been determined by sport researchers (Hellard et al., 2006. The programme that has been developed and tested by one alternative experiment is targeted to optimize the purposeful technical training for 8–17-year-old ice hockey players. Research aim was to determine technical training models.Research methods. A long-term experiment of one alternative was carried out involving subjects from 8 to 18 years in 2000–2010. The programmes for technical training were developed with regard to the time ratio, measures taken and recommendations of foreign experts. Later the programmes have been adjusted to the results obtained. The following tests have been used for evaluation of the skating technique: to evaluate specific skills – forward and backward skating; to evaluate the puck control – manoeuvre skating driving the puck and without the puck. Research results. Analysis of the results in the initial training period shows that the greatest improvement in the results has been registered in manoeuvre skating driving the puck – 11.6%, and in backward skating – about 8%. A significant improvement in the results of the basic training period has been observed in backward skating – 7% as well as in 30 m standing skating – 6.3%. In the special training period a more marked increase in the results has been registered in backward skating – 5.2% as well as in 30 m standing skating – 3.8%. Discussion and conclusions. This is due to the lack of special skills and a complex biomechanical structure of the performance of the technical action. Sport performance was influenced by adolescent developmental patterns, and the optimal adjustment of the programme, taking into account the initial and basic training period analysis.Results of the present research allow us to conclude that 1) Athletes’ training programmes, taking into account the recommendations, were effective. 2) The greatest improvement in the results was registered within the 1 st and 2 nd stages of athletes’ training. We believe that this is due to a complex biomechanical structure of the performance of the technical action. After the improvement, the growth of the results slows down. 3) Time ratio for technical training is distributed in the following way: 1st stage – 55–53%, 2nd stage – 50–48% and 3rd stage – 47–44%.Keywords: technical training, manoeuvre skating, experimental programme, optimization of training, training model.
Mirror Visual Feedback Impact on Abductor Pollicis Brevis Muscle Electrical Activity in the Stroke Affected Arm
Authors: Kvedaras Mindaugas , Solianik Rima , Baranauskienė Neringa 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Stroke is recognized as one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality and long-term disability around the world (Laver et al., 2012). Mirror visual feedback is one of the newest areas of research that shows the potential application in neurorehabilitation (Kang et al., 2012). We hypothesize that abductor pollicis brevis muscle activity in the stroke affected arm will be higher when the movements are performed with non-affected hand visual mirror feedback.Research aim was to identify mirror visual feedback impact on abductor pollicis brevis muscle electrical activity in the stroke affected arm.Research methods. Post-stroke subjects (n = 12) performed bimanual thumb opposition under three conditions: without mirror visual feedback, with non-affected and affected arm reflection in the mirror. Electrical activity of abductor pollicis brevis muscle was recorded simultaniously.Research results. There was a significantly higher (p < 0.05) muscle activity amplitude when thumb opposition was performed with visual feedback of non-affected hand compared to task without mirror visual feedback. No muscle activity amplitude difference was observed when thumb opposition was performed looking at affected hand mirror visual feedback compared to task without mirror visual feedback. Motor unit firing rate did not differ between tasks.Discussion and conclusions. I. Nojima and co-authors (2012) have identified that mirror visual feedback activates motor cortex. Additionally, our study shows that even during one-time movement with observation of non-affected hand in the mirror shows higher muscle electrical activity in the affected hand.Keywords: mirror neurones, thumb opposition, bimanual movement.
The Relation between the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance and the Lifestyle and Self-Esteem of Adolescents
Authors: Mickūnienė Rasa , Pajaujienė Simona , Jankauskienė Rasa 
Published: May 2019

Background. The adolescents seeking to conform to the ideal appearance associate the reduction of weight with smoking and alcohol consumption (Haley, Hedberg, & Leman, 2010) or go on a diet instead of increasing their physical activity (Liechty, 2010). The adolescents dissatisfied with their body have lower self-esteem (Neumark-Sztainer et al., 2006). In this study we assumed that the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance would be associated with adolescents’ harmful lifestyle and lower self-esteem. Research aim was to disclose the relation between the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance of adolescents and their lifestyle and self-esteem.Methods. The research was carried out in Kaunas schools (n = 16) using the method of written survey. In total, 805 adolescents were surveyed, 329 (41.1%) out of them were boys. The mean age (SD) of the respondents was 17.23 (0.6) years. Instruments: Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 SATAQ-3-L (Thompson, van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1989). Physical activity (PA) was determined using the questions from the international study Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The frequency of dieting and having harmful habits were determined by individual questions. Results. The weight of the majority of adolescents (75.5%) was normal. The numbers of adolescents were as follows: those who smoked (39.8%), consumed alcohol (80.5%), were on diet (36.8%), and had low levels of physical activity (74.4%). The adolescents who smoked, consumed alcohol and were on diet had significantly higher scores in all SATAQ subscales. Physically active adolescents were more striving to meet the Internalization of athletic body image. In the groups of boys and girls, BMI was related to more frequent sociocultural pressures (p < .01) and more frequent dieting (p < .01). In the group of boys, the frequency of smoking was related to lower self-esteem (p < .05). In the group of girls, sociocultural pressures were related to lower self-esteem (p < .05). Conclusion. The sociocultural attitudes towards appearance of adolescents are related to more harmful lifestyle and lower self-esteem. Therefore, health literacy of the adolescents has to be increased by teaching proper attitudes towards their bodies, appropriate diet, and exercising.Keywords: sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, body image, lifestyle, physical activity, self-esteem.
Is it Important to Teach Lithuanian Children Swimming? Analysis of Drowning and Schoolchildren`s Knowledge of Safe Conduct at the Water
Authors: Zuozienė Ilona Judita , Akelytė Gintarė , Zuoza Aurelijus Kazys 
Published: May 2019

Background. Research aim was to investigate statistical data of children and youth’s (19 years old and under) deaths from drowning in the period from 2000 to 2012, as well as to establish the I–IVth form students’ self-assessment of swimming skills and knowledge of safe swimming and safe conduct at the water.Methods. Statistical data analysis and questionnaire survey methods were used in the research. The content of the questionnaire consisted of questions about the subjective self-assessment of personal swimming skills and knowledge of safe swimming and safe conduct at the water. Research sample included I–IVth form students, n = 949 (459 girls and 490 boys). The research results were analysed using statistical methods and SPSS 15.0 for Windows.Results. Statistical data analysis showed the facts that during the period of 2000 to 2012, deaths of 487 children and youths (19 years old and under) were caused by accidental drowning, which on average accounts for 37.5 deaths yearly; 80.3% of all drowned persons were males.The data of the questionnaire survey showed that 67.2% of students reported that they could swim. Boys evaluated their swimming skills better than girls (x 2 = 12.486; p < .05), although in most cases they were able to swim only short distances. The knowledge of children of the same age about safe conduct at the water was not statistically different in the aspect of gender (p < .05) and it was correct enough. However, even 22.7% of students (23.1% of the girls and 22.2% of the boys) would dare to swim alone if they had an inflatable wheel, mattress or other tool (p > .05). Conclusions. Among the research participants, 30.4% of the girls and 20.4% of the boys could not swim (χ 2 = 12.486; p < .05). Most of the students were aware of the rules of safe conduct at the water, but some of them had rather poor knowledge about this. In case of emergency in the water students would respond differently to the situation: 84.2% of the students themselves would not jump to rescue drowning people, but they would turn to adults for help or cast life-saving tools. However, part of the boys (16.6%) were more likely than girls (6.9%) to jump to rescue friends (p < .05) at the risk of their own life. Children’s responses show that even in primary grades it is important to familiarise children with ways and means to rescue drowning people.Keywords: drowning, swimming skills, water safety, self-assessment.