bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mimicking Electromagnetic Wave Coupling in Tokamak Plasma with Fishnet Metamaterials
Authors: Rustomji K. , Abdeddaim R. , Achard J. , Chmiaa M. , Georget E. , Goniche M. , Helou W. , Hillairet J. , Enoch S. , Tayeb G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper reports a fishnet hyperbolic metamaterial that mimics the electromagnetic properties of magnetically confined plasma. These electromagnetic properties are strongly anisotropic and different from any conventional material, therefore cannot be mimicked by bulk materials. The structure is made of a stack of thin copper grids spaced by Rohacell foam. We numerically and experimentally show that this kind of structuration matches well the properties of a homogeneous plasma. This solution breaks a long-lasting bottleneck and will accelerate the development of high-frequency heating systems to be used in nuclear fusion.
Crystal structure of Bacillus cereus flagellin and structure-guided fusion-protein designs
Authors: Il Kim Meong , Lee Choongdeok , Park Jaewan , Jeon Bo-Young , Hong Minsun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlagellin is a major component of the flagellar filament. Flagellin also functions as a specific ligand that stimulates innate immunity through direct interaction with Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in the host. Because flagellin activates the immune response, it has been of interest to develop as a vaccine adjuvant in subunit vaccines or antigen fusion vaccines. Despite the widespread application of flagellin fusion in preventing infectious diseases, flagellin-antigen fusion designs have never been biophysically and structurally characterized. Moreover, flagellin from Salmonella species has been used extensively despite containing hypervariable regions not required for TLR5 that can cause an unexpected immune response. In this study, flagellin from Bacillus cereus (BcFlg) was identified as the smallest flagellin molecule containing only the conserved TLR5-activating D0 and D1 domains. The crystal structure of BcFlg was determined to provide a scheme for fusion designs. Through homology-based modeling and comparative structural analyses, diverse fusion strategies were proposed. Moreover, cellular and biophysical analysis of an array of fusion constructs indicated that insertion fusion at BcFlg residues 178–180 does not interfere with the protein stability or TLR5-stimulating capacity of flagellin, suggesting its usefulness in the development and optimization of flagellin fusion vaccines.
Traction table versus double reverse traction repositor in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures
Authors: Zhang Ruipeng , Yin Yingchao , Li Shilun , Jin Lin , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel reduction technique of intramedullary nailing (IMN) for femoral shaft fractures was introduced, and in this study, its therapeutic effect was compared with patients treated with the traditional traction table. From November 2012 to August 2015, the patients with femoral shaft fractures fixed with anterograde IMN were reviewed. Seventy-four patients treated with the traction table and forty-eight patients treated with the double reverse traction repositor (DRTR) met the inclusion criteria of this study. The surgical time, blood loss, open reduction rate and complications were reviewed in this study. The fracture healing was assessed by the radiographs conducted at each follow-up. The functional outcome (hip and knee flexion, Harris Hip Score, and Lysholm knee score) was evaluated at the final follow-up. Average surgical time, blood loss, hip and knee flexion, and Harris Hip Score showed no difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups. However, the DRTR was superior to the traction table in fracture healing, Lysholm knee score, open reduction and complications rate (P < 0.05). Thus, we concluded that minimally invasive treatment of femoral shaft fractures could be obtained with the DRTR.
Contribution of DA Signaling to Appetitive Odor Perception in a Drosophila Model
Authors: Pu Yuhan , Palombo Melissa Megan Masserant , Shen Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding cognitive processes that translate chemically diverse olfactory stimuli to specific appetitive drives remains challenging. We have shown that food-related odors arouse impulsive-like feeding of food media that are palatable and readily accessible in well-nourished Drosophila larvae. Here we provide evidence that two assemblies of four dopamine (DA) neurons, one per brain hemisphere, contribute to perceptual processing of the qualitative and quantitative attributes of food scents. These DA neurons receive neural representations of chemically diverse food-related odors, and their combined neuronal activities become increasingly important as the chemical complexity of an appetizing odor stimulus increases. Furthermore, in each assembly of DA neurons, integrated odor signals are transformed to one-dimensional DA outputs that have no intrinsic reward values. Finally, a genetic analysis has revealed a D1-type DA receptor (Dop1R1)-gated mechanism in neuropeptide Y-like neurons that assigns appetitive significance to selected DA outputs. Our findings suggest that fly larvae provide a useful platform for elucidation of molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying cognitive processing of olfactory and possibly other sensory cues.
Photoreceptor-induced RPE phagolysosomal maturation defects in Stargardt-like Maculopathy (STGD3)
Authors: Dejos Camille , Kuny Sharee , Han Woo Hyun , Capel Heather , Lemieux Hélène , Sauvé Yves 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor many neurodegenerative disorders, expression of a pathological protein by one cell type impedes function of other cell types, which in turn contributes to the death of the first cell type. In transgenic mice modelling Stargardt-like (STGD3) maculopathy, human mutant ELOVL4 expression by photoreceptors is associated with defects in the underlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). To examine how photoreceptors exert cytotoxic effects on RPE cells, transgenic ELOVL4 (TG1–2 line; TG) and wild-type (WT) littermates were studied one month prior (preclinical stage) to onset of photoreceptor loss (two months). TG photoreceptor outer segments presented to human RPE cells are recognized and internalized into phagosomes, but their digestion is delayed. Live RPE cell imaging pinpoints decreased numbers of acidified phagolysomes. In vivo, master regulator of lysosomal genes, transcription factor EB (TFEB), and key lysosomal enzyme Cathepsin D are both unaffected. Oxidative stress, as ruled out with high-resolution respirometry, does not play a role at such an early stage. Upregulation of CRYBA1/A3 and phagocytic cells (microglia/macrophages) interposed between RPE and photoreceptors support adaptive responses to processing delays. Impaired phagolysosomal maturation is observed in RPE of mice expressing human mutant ELOVL4 in their photoreceptors prior to photoreceptor death and associated vision loss.
Immune-cognitive system connectivity reduces bumblebee foraging success in complex multisensory floral environments
Authors: Mobley Melissa W. , Gegear Robert J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBumblebees are declining at alarming rate worldwide, posing a significant threat to the function and diversity of temperate ecosystems. These declines have been attributed, in part, to the direct effect of specific pathogens on bumblebee survival. However, pathogens may also have a negative impact on host populations indirectly through immune-induced cognitive deficits in infected individuals. To gain greater insight into mechanisms and potential conservation implications of such ‘immune-brain crosstalk’ in bumblebees, we non-pathogenetically activated humoral and cellular immune pathways in individuals and then tested for long-term reductions in cognitive performance and foraging proficiency. We show that chronic activation of humoral, but not a cellular, immune pathways and effectors in foragers significantly reduces their ability to flexibly and efficiently harvest resources in multi-sensory floral environments for at least 7 days post-treatment. Humoral defense responses thus have the potential to confer significant foraging costs to bumblebee foragers over timeframes that would negatively impact colony growth and reproductive output under natural conditions. Our findings indicate that fitness effects of immune-brain crosstalk should be considered before attributing wild bumblebee decline to a particular pathogen species.
Distribution and clinical associations of integrating conjugative elements and cag pathogenicity islands of Helicobacter pylori in Indonesia
Authors: Waskito Langgeng Agung , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Lusida Maria Inge , Syam Ari Fahrial , Suzuki Rumiko , Subsomwong Phawinee , Uchida Tomohisa , Hamdan Muhammad , Nasronudin  , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe clinical associations and correlations with other virulence factors such as cag pathogenicity island (PAI) of the Integrating Conjugative Elements Helicobacter pylori TFSS (ICEHptfs), a new type IV secretion system (TFSS) in H. pylori has not been described. Among 103 studied strains from Indonesia, almost all strains (99.0%) contained cag PAI with more than half (55.8%) were intact cag PAI. Patients infected with intact cag PAI strains showed significantly higher antral activity, inflammation and atrophy as well as corporal inflammation than those with non-intact cag PAI strains, confirming the virulence of cag PAI. Over half of strains (53.8%) contained ICEHptfs, predominantly consisted of ICEHptfs3-tfs4a (42.8%) and ICEHptfs3 (16.3%). Although patients infected with ICEHptfs-positive strains had lower H. pylori density, those with the complete ICEHptfs4b strains tended to have higher antral activity than the negative one. In combination, patients infected with combination of intact cag PAI-ICEHptfs-positive strains had more severe inflammation than those with non-intact cag PAI-ICEHptfs-negative, suggesting a possibility of a mutual correlation between these TFSS(s).
Integrated dual-tomography for refractive index analysis of free-floating single living cell with isotropic superresolution
Authors: B. Vinoth , Lai Xin-Ji , Lin Yu-Chih , Tu Han-Yen , Cheng Chau-Jern 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDigital holographic microtomography is a promising technique for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of the refractive index (RI) profiles of biological specimens. Measurement of the RI distribution of a free-floating single living cell with an isotropic superresolution had not previously been accomplished. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on the development of an integrated dual-tomographic (IDT) imaging system for RI measurement of an unlabelled free-floating single living cell with an isotropic superresolution by combining the spatial frequencies of full-angle specimen rotation with those of beam rotation. A novel ‘UFO’ (unidentified flying object) like shaped coherent transfer function is obtained. The IDT imaging system does not require any complex image-processing algorithm for 3D reconstruction. The working principle was successfully demonstrated and a 3D RI profile of a single living cell, Candida rugosa, was obtained with an isotropic superresolution. This technology is expected to set a benchmark for free-floating single live sample measurements without labeling or any special sample preparations for the experiments.
Insight into the cold adaptation and hemicellulose utilization of Cladosporium neopsychrotolerans from genome analysis and biochemical characterization
Authors: Ma Rui , Huang Huoqing , Bai Yingguo , Luo Huiying , Fan Yunliu , Yao Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe occurrence of Cladosporium in cold ecosystems has been evidenced long before, and most of the knowledge about nutrient utilization of this genus is sporadic. An alpine soil isolate C. neopsychrotolerans SL-16, showing great cold tolerance and significant lignocellulose-degrading capability, was sequenced to form a 35.9 Mb genome that contains 13,456 predicted genes. Functional annotation on predicted genes revealed a wide array of proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Large numbers of transmembrane proteins (967) and CAZymes (571) were identified, and those related to hemicellulose degradation was the most abundant. To undermine the hemicellulose (xyaln as the main component) utilization mechanism of SL-16, the mRNA levels of 23 xylanolytic enzymes were quantified, and representatives of three glycoside hydrolase families were functionally characterized. The enzymes showed similar neutral, cold active and thermolabile properties and synergistic action on xylan degradation (the synergy degree up to 15.32). Kinetic analysis and sequence and structure comparison with mesophilic and thermophilic homologues indicated that these cold-active enzymes employed different cold adaptation strategies to function well in cold environment. These similar and complementary advantages in cold adaptation and catalysis might explain the high efficiency of lignocellulose conversion observed in SL-16 under low temperatures.
Disk stars in the Milky Way detected beyond 25 kpc from its center
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Allende Prieto C. , Garzón F. , Wang H. , Liu C. , Deng L. 
Published: April 2018

Context.The maximum size of the Galactic stellar disk is not yet known. Some studies have suggested an abrupt drop-off of the stellar density of the disk at Galactocentric distancesR≳ 15 kpc, which means that in practice no disk stars or only very few of them should be found beyond this limit. However, stars in the Milky Way plane are detected at larger distances. In addition to the halo component, star counts have placed the end of the disk beyond 20 kpc, although this has not been spectroscopically confirmed so far.Aims.Here, we aim to spectroscopically confirm the presence of the disk stars up to much larger distances.Methods.With data from the LAMOST and SDSS-APOGEE spectroscopic surveys, we statistically derived the maximum distance at which the metallicity distribution of stars in the Galactic plane is distinct from that of the halo populations.Results.Our analysis reveals the presence of disk stars atR> 26 kpc (99.7% C.L.) and even atR> 31 kpc (95.4% C.L.).
Die Lasertrabekuloplastik in der modernen Glaukomtherapie – ein Überblick
Authors: Greslechner Roman , Spiegel Detlev 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Lasertrabekuloplastik (LTP) stellt neben medikamentöser Therapie und operativen Interventionen eine etablierte Behandlungsmodalität in der Therapie chronischer Offenwinkelglaukome dar. Dabei besteht eine große Variabilität in der praktischen Anwendung.
Methoden Literaturrecherche über PubMed. Darstellung der wichtigsten evidenzbasierten Daten zur Lasertrabekuloplastik.
Ergebnisse Argonlasertrabekuloplastik (ALT) und selektive Lasertrabekuloplastik (SLT) stellen sichere und effektive Verfahren dar, die zu einer Drucksenkung um 20 – 30% führen. Vergleichbare Erfolgsraten werden für beide Prozeduren berichtet. Im Verlauf muss bei 50% mit einem Therapieversagen nach ca. 2 – 5 Jahren gerechnet werden. Die Wiederholung einer ALT ist mit einer deutlich geringeren Drucksenkung und Wirkdauer verbunden. Auch die Wiederholung einer SLT ist mit einem Wirkverlust verbunden. Die Wirksamkeit der SLT nach initialer ALT konnte nachgewiesen werden, wohingegen Daten zur Wirksamkeit einer ALT nach initialer SLT noch fehlen. Bei fortgeschrittenen Glaukomen unter maximaler medikamentöser Therapie wurden in Hinblick auf zusätzliche Interventionen schlechtere Erfolgsraten berichtet.
Schlussfolgerung Die LTP bietet sich als Ersttherapie und ergänzende Therapie in allen Stadien an. Bei fortgeschrittenen Glaukomen unter maximaler medikamentöser Therapie sind die Erfolgsaussichten aufgrund der notwendigen niedrigen Zieldrücke eingeschränkt.
Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of Kingella kingae in Children
Authors: Madigan Theresa , Cunningham Scott , Ramanan Poornima , Bhatti Micah , Patel Robin 
Published: April 2018

Background Kingella kingae is a known cause of osteoarticular infections in children younger than 4 years of age, but it is not always recoverable in culture. Molecular methods are increasingly used for diagnosis.
Methods To facilitate diagnosis of K. kingae septic arthritis, we developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of K. kingae that targets the repeat-in-toxin gene (rtxB).
Results We present three pediatric patients with K. kingae septic arthritis at our institution who were diagnosed using the real-time PCR assay. All underwent arthrotomy with irrigation and debridement and were symptom-free after 3 weeks of therapy with β-lactam antibiotics. Cultures of synovial fluid or tissue grew K. kingae in two of three; K. kingae real-time PCR was positive in all three patients. In addition, 11 cases of K. kingae osteoarticular infection were diagnosed through Mayo Medical Laboratories using this assay. The limit of detection of the real-time PCR assay was 73.7 colony-forming unit (CFU)/µL for tissue and 1.3 CFU/µL for synovial fluid.
Conclusions PCR-based detection methods are faster and more sensitive than conventional culture-based methods for the diagnosis of K. kingae osteoarticular infections in children.
ASCO- und ESMO-Update 2017 – Neuigkeiten vom 53. Meeting der American Society of Clinical Oncology/ASCO 2017 und European Society for Medical Oncology/ESMO-Congress 2017
Authors: Ettrich Thomas , Ebert Matthias , Lorenzen Sylvie , Moehler Markus , Vogel Arndt , Witkowski Lukas , Seufferlein Thomas , Reinacher-Schick Anke 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungAuf dem Amerikanischen Krebskongress 2017 und dem Europäischen Krebskongress 2017 wurden eine Reihe von wichtigen Studien vorgestellt, die teilweise zu einer Änderung der aktuellen Therapiestandards in der Viszeralonkologie führen. So gilt nach den Ergebnissen der FLOT4-Studie die Kombination aus Docetaxel, Oxaliplatin und 5-Fluorouracil (FLOT) als der neue Behandlungsstandard in der perioperativen Therapie bei resektablen Adenokarzinomen des gastroösophagealen Übergangs und des Magens. Beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (HCC) hat die selektive interne Radiotherapie (SIRT) in zwei großen Studien keine Verbesserung des Überlebens gegenüber Sorafenib erbracht, sodass ein zunehmender Einsatz der SIRT nicht empfohlen wird. Hingegen scheint der Multityrosinkinase-Inhibitor Lenvatinib eine vielversprechende Alternative zu Sorafenib beim fortgeschrittenen HCC in der Erstlinientherapie zu sein. Beim frühen Kolonkarzinom kann nach den Daten der IDEA-Initiative bei Niedrigrisiko-Tumoren (T1 – 3, N1) nun eine dreimonatige Therapie mit Capecitabin und Oxaliplatin (CAPOX) empfohlen werden. Bei Hochrisikotumoren (T4 oder N2) soll weiterhin eine sechsmonatige Therapie mit 5-FU und Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) oder CAPOX durchgeführt werden. Neben regelmäßiger Bewegung soll auch ein regelmäßiger Verzehr von Nüssen die Rezidivrate nach Resektion eines Kolonkarzinoms senken. Beim metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinom (mKRK) hat die SIRT in der Erstlinientherapie keinen Stellenwert. Beim BRAF-mutierten mKRK stellt die Kombination von Irinotecan, Cetuximab und Vemurafenib eine gute Therapiemöglichkeit in der Zweitlinientherapie dar. In der adjuvanten Therapie von Gallenwegstumoren stellt durch die positiven Ergebnisse der BILCAP-Studie die sechsmonatige Therapie mit Capecitabin den neuen Behandlungsstandard dar. Für das metastasierte Pankreaskarzinom kann möglicherweise der gezielte Angriff auf das Tumorstroma durch pegylierte Hyaluronidase PEGPH20 eine neue Therapieoption bieten, die derzeit in Phase-III-Studien überprüft wird.
Single-round isolation of diverse RNA aptamers from a random sequence pool
Authors: Imashimizu Masahiko , Takahashi Masaki , Amano Ryo , Nakamura Yoshikazu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAptamers are oligonucleotide ligands with specific binding affinity to target molecules. Generally, RNA aptamers are selected from an RNA pool with random sequences, using the technique termed SELEX, in which the target-binding RNA molecules are repeatedly isolated and exponentially amplified. Despite several advantages, SELEX often produces uncertain results during the iterative amplifications of the rare target-binding RNA molecules. Here, we develop a non-repeated, primer-less and target immobilization-free isolation method for generating RNA aptamers, which is robust to experimental noise. Uniquely, this method focuses on finding and removal of non-aptamer sequences from the RNA pool by RNase digestion leaving target-bound aptamer molecules, and thus is independent of aptamer types. The undigested RNA sequences remaining are so few in number that they must be mixed with a large excess of a known sequence for further manipulations and this sequence is then removed by restriction digestion followed by high-throughput sequencing analysis to identify aptamers. Using this method, we generated multiple RNA aptamers targeting α-thrombin and TGFβ1 proteins, independently. This method potentially generates thousands of sequences as aptamer candidates, which may enable us to predict a common average sequence or structural property of these aptamers that is different from input RNA.
SILVERRUSH. VI. A simulation of Lyα emitters in the reionization epoch and a comparison with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey early data
Authors: Inoue Akio K , Hasegawa Kenji , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Yajima Hidenobu , Shimizu Ikkoh , Umemura Masayuki , Konno Akira , Harikane Yuichi , Shibuya Takatoshi , Ouchi Masami , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Ono Yoshiaki , Kusakabe Haruka , Higuchi Ryo , Lee Chien-Hsiu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The survey of Lyman α emitters (LAEs) with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam, called SILVERRUSH (Ouchi et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, S13), is producing massive data of LAEs at z ≳ 6. Here we present LAE simulations to compare the SILVERRUSH data. In 1623 comoving Mpc3 boxes, where numerical radiative transfer calculations of reionization were performed, LAEs have been modeled with physically motivated analytic recipes as a function of halo mass. We have examined 23 models depending on the presence or absence of dispersion of halo Lyα emissivity, dispersion of the halo Lyα optical depth, τα, and halo mass dependence of τα. The unique free parameter in our model, a pivot value of τα, is calibrated so as to reproduce the z = 5.7 Lyα luminosity function (LF) of SILVERRUSH. We compare our model predictions with Lyα LFs at z = 6.6 and 7.3, LAE angular auto-correlation functions (ACFs) at z = 5.7 and 6.6, and LAE fractions in Lyman break galaxies at 5 &lt; z &lt; 7. The Lyα LFs and ACFs are reproduced by multiple models, but the LAE fraction turns out to be the most critical test. The dispersion of τα and the halo mass dependence of τα are essential to explain all observations reasonably. Therefore, a simple model of one-to-one correspondence between halo mass and Lyα luminosity with a constant Lyα escape fraction has been ruled out. Based on our best model, we present a formula to estimate the intergalactic neutral hydrogen fraction, $x_{\rm H\, \small {I}}$, from the observed Lyα luminosity density at z ≳ 6. We finally obtain $x_{\rm H\, \small {I}}=0.5_{-0.3}^{+0.1}$ as a volume-average at z = 7.3.