bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphatic endothelial cell immunohistochemical markers for evaluation of the intestinal lymphatic vasculature in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy
Authors: Jablonski Wennogle Sara A. , Priestnall Simon L. , Suárez‐Bonnet Alejandro , Soontararak Sirikul , Webb Craig B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundLymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) immunohistochemical markers have identified intestinal lymphatic vasculature abnormalities in humans with inflammatory bowel disease, but have not been used to evaluate intestinal lymphatic vasculature in a group of dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE).ObjectivesTo utilize LEC markers to identify and measure intestinal lymphatic vasculature in endoscopic biopsy samples of CIE dogs. To evaluate whether measured lymphatic vasculature variables correlate with serum albumin concentrations.AnimalsTwenty‐four dogs with CIE; n = 13, serum albumin concentration <2.5 g/dL (CIE‐protein‐losing enteropathy [PLE]), n = 11, serum albumin concentration ≥2.5 g/dL (CIE‐N).MethodsProspective study. Lymphatic endothelial cell immunolabeling with Prox‐1 and LYVE‐1 performed on endoscopic biopsy samples from 24 dogs with CIE. Duodenal and ileal villous lacteal width (VLW) and proprial mucosal lacteal width (MLW) were determined for each case and analyzed for correlation with serum albumin concentration. Lacteal dilatation scores using routine H&E histopathology were assessed for correlation with immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐calculated VLW and MLW.ResultsLower serum albumin concentrations were correlated with increased VLW (rho = −.4644; P = .02) and MLW (rho = −.6514; P < .001) in the ileum. Lymphatic endothelial cell IHC identified presumptive proprial mucosal lymphangiectasia in some dogs that was not recognized with routine H&E staining. Lacteal dilatation scores were correlated with VLW in duodenum (rho = .4634; P = .02) and ileum (rho = .5292; P = .008), but did not correlate with MLW.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLymphatic endothelial cell immunolabeling identified presumptive proprial mucosal lymphangiectasia in CIE dogs, particularly in the ileum of hypoalbuminemic dogs. Routine evaluation of villous lacteals likely underestimates abnormalities of the lymphatic vasculature in dogs with CIE.
HCV point‐of‐care screening programme and treatment options for people who use drugs in a metropolitan area of Southern Italy
Authors: Persico Marcello , Masarone Mario , Aglitti Andrea , Armenante Ciro , Giordano Aniello , Guardiola Angela , Raimondi Gabriella , Contaldi Carlo , Nigro Carmine , Marena Giustina , De Luna Antonio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsPeople who use drugs (PWUD) represent an active reservoir of HCV infection. The prevalence of chronic HCV infection in PWUD in Italy remains unknown because of the lack of systematic screening. Thanks to direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs), hepatitis C can now be cured in most patients. Thus, the next challenge is to provide linkage‐to‐care for these patients.MethodsIn this scenario, we conducted a screening programme in PWUD attending seven Addiction Centers in Southern Italy, as well as a treatment programme in the Liver Unit of the University Hospital of Salerno. We used the OraQuick HCV antibody test to screen the PWUD (from 1 April to 30 September 2018).Results593 subjects were consecutively enrolled in the programme; 250 (41.8%) were HCV‐Ab‐positive. 143 (24.1%) were aware of their infection and had been HCV‐RNA‐tested: 83 were positive and 60 negative. The remaining 107 subjects (18.1%) had never previously been tested and were unaware of their infection. A total of 160 (26.9%) HCV RNA‐positive patients were found and offered antiviral therapy with DAAs. The sustained virological response rate was 98.5% and no adverse events were recorded. Two patients voluntarily discontinued treatment. No reinfections have been recorded to date.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HCV‐Ab positivity was high in the PWUDs enrolled in this study, and almost half the patients were unaware of being HCV‐positive. The linkage‐to‐care provided was safe and effective, and no case of reinfection was recorded.
Solving the first‐mile ridesharing problem using autonomous vehicles
Authors: Chen Shukai , Wang Hua , Meng Qiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAutonomous vehicles (AVs) are paving a way to reshape the operation and management of urban transportation systems by improving travel mobility. In this study, we propose to use AVs for solving the first‐mile (FM) problem that aims to transport passengers from their homes to metro stations. Passengers submit travel requests in advance and a fleet operator dispatches AVs and arranges ridesharing in a rolling horizon framework. The ridesharing is implemented by assigning one AV to serve several requests subject to the vehicle capacity, the maximum travel time, and the accessibility constraints. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to determine the AV dispatch and ridesharing schemes for the minimum operational costs. Then, another MILP model with the objective of the maximum user satisfaction is formulated for the purpose of comparison. A cluster‐based solution method is designed to deal with the large‐scale FM problem. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the application of the proposed method. Results show that ridesharing can reduce both required AV fleet size and vehicle traveled miles. The proposed solution method is able to solve the problem efficiently and fulfil the requirement of online computation.
The expanding functional roles and signaling mechanisms of adhesion G protein–coupled receptors
Authors: Morgan Rory K. , Anderson Garret R. , Araç Demet , Aust Gabriela , Balenga Nariman , Boucard Antony , Bridges James P. , Engel Felix B. , Formstone Caroline J. , Glitsch Maike D. , Gray Ryan S. , Hall Randy A. , Hsiao Cheng‐Chih , Kim Hee‐Yong , Knierim Alexander B. , Kusuluri Deva Krupakar , Leon Katherine , Liebscher Ines , Piao Xianhua , Prömel Simone , Scholz Nicole , Srivastava Swati , Thor Doreen , Tolias Kimberley F. , Ushkaryov Yuri A. , Vallon Mario , Van Meir Erwin G. , Vanhollebeke Benoit , Wolfrum Uwe , Wright Kevin M. , Monk Kelly R. , Mogha Amit 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe adhesion class of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the second largest family of GPCRs (33 members in humans). Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are defined by a large extracellular N‐terminal region that is linked to a C‐terminal seven transmembrane (7TM) domain via a GPCR‐autoproteolysis inducing (GAIN) domain containing a GPCR proteolytic site (GPS). Most aGPCRs undergo autoproteolysis at the GPS motif, but the cleaved fragments stay closely associated, with the N‐terminal fragment (NTF) bound to the 7TM of the C‐terminal fragment (CTF). The NTFs of most aGPCRs contain domains known to be involved in cell–cell adhesion, while the CTFs are involved in classical G protein signaling, as well as other intracellular signaling. In this workshop report, we review the most recent findings on the biology, signaling mechanisms, and physiological functions of aGPCRs.
Assessment of prophylactic heparin infusion as a safe preventative measure for thrombotic complications in pediatric kidney transplant recipients weighing <20 kg
Authors: Kim Jin K. , Chua Michael E. , Teoh Chia Wei , Lee Min Joon , Kesavan Amre , Hebert Diane , Lorenzo Armando J. , Farhat Walid A. , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSmall‐sized kidney recipients (<20 kg) are at high risk of allograft vessel thrombosis. HP has been used to mitigate this risk but may infer an increase in bleeding risks. Therefore, we aim to determine whether HP is a safe means to prevent thrombosis in small kidney transplant patients by comparing those who have received HP and those who have NHP. A retrospective review of patients < 20 kg who underwent kidney transplant in our institution from 2000 to 2015 was performed. At our institution, unfractionated heparin 10 units/kg/hour is used as HP since 2009. Patients at increased risk of thrombosis (previous thrombosis, thrombophilia, nephrotic syndrome) and bleeding (therapeutic doses of heparin, diagnosis of coagulopathy) were excluded. Fifty‐six patients were identified (HP n = 46; NHP n = 10). Baseline demographics were similar between HP and NHP. There was no statistical difference in frequency of transfusions, surgical re‐exploration, or thrombotic events between HP and NHP. The HP group was more likely to have drop in Hb > 20 g/L (67.4% vs 30.0%, P = 0.038), and those who had drop in Hb > 20 g/L were more likely to also require pRBC transfusions (63.0% vs 20.0%, P = 0.017). Within the HP group, those who had bleeding complications had similar Hb levels as those who did not at baseline and post‐transplant. Outcomes in the HP and NHP groups were no different with respect to thrombosis or significant bleeding complications requiring pRBC transfusions or surgical intervention. Future prospective studies are required to investigate the balance of preventing thrombosis and risks of pRBC transfusions for small‐sized kidney recipients.
Participation of lower‐to‐middle wage workers in a study of Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP) effectiveness: Implications for reducing chronic disease burden among racial and ethnic minority populations
Authors: Kneipp Shawn M. , Horrell Lindsey , Gonzales Cecilia , Linnan Laura , Lee Smith Matthew , Brady Theresa , Trogdon Justin G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP) improves chronic disease outcomes, little is known about CDSMP participation in populations less than 65 years of age. We explore study and CDSMP participation rates by demographic characteristics with younger (40–64 years old), lower‐to‐middle wage workers with chronic disease in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted in North Carolina.MethodsDescriptive statistics and regression models were used to examine associations between demographic, chronic disease burden, and employment variables, and time‐dependent study enrollment and intervention participation outcomes that ranged from initiating consent (n = 1,067) to CDSMP completion (n = 41).ResultsOverall, participation among non‐Whites was disproportionately higher (43%–59%) than that of Whites (42%–57%) relative to the age‐matched racial composition of North Carolina (31% non‐White and 69% White). Among participants randomized to the CDSMP, racial and ethnic minorities had the highest rates of participation. There were no significant demographic, chronic disease burden, or employment predictors among the participation outcomes examined, although this may have been due to the limited number of CDSMP workshop participation observations.ConclusionsExtending the CDSMP to lower‐to‐middle wage workers may be particularly effective in reaching racial and ethnic minority populations, who complete the program to a greater extent than their White, non‐Hispanic counterparts.
“Social justice is a dream”: Tensions and contradictions in nursing education
Authors: Valderama‐Wallace Claire P. , Apesoa‐Varano Ester Carolina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore nurse educators’ conceptualizations of social justice in theory courses. The findings contextualize the role of nurse educators in promoting social justice among future health care providers and the relevance of their perspectives on social justice.DesignThis descriptive qualitative study was completed utilizing constructivist grounded theory methods.Sample and MeasurementsI interviewed 28 nurse educators teaching theory courses in Baccalaureate nursing programs on the West coast of the United States. Initial and focused codes were constructed from interview transcripts to understand and contextualize statements about social justice.ResultsParticipants’ conceptualizations of social justice include equity, equality, self‐awareness, withholding judgment, and taking action.ConclusionsNotable differences emerged along racial lines and, less so, in relation to educational background and nursing specialty. This study highlights areas of concern with respect to how nurse educators enact the claim that social justice is a core professional nursing value. The findings call attention to tensions and contradictions as individuals navigate the landscape of nursing with limited structural and institutional effort.
Measuring and Achieving Equity in Multiperiod Emergency Material Allocation
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Bier Vicki M. , Sun Baiqing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEmergency material allocation is an important part of postdisaster emergency logistics that is significant for improving rescue effectiveness and reducing disaster losses. However, the traditional single‐period allocation model often causes local surpluses or shortages and high cost, and prevents the system from achieving an equitable or optimal multiperiod allocation. To achieve equitable allocation of emergency materials in the case of serious shortages relative to the demand by victims, this article introduces a multiperiod model for allocation of emergency materials to multiple affected locations (using an exponential utility function to reflect the disutility loss due to material shortfalls), and illustrates the relationship between equity of allocations and the cost of emergency response. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate both the feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model for achieving multiperiod equitable allocation of emergency material among multiple disaster locations. The results indicate that the introduction of a nonlinear utility function to reflect the disutility of large shortfalls can make the material allocation fairer, and minimize large losses due to shortfalls. We found that achieving equity has a significant but not unreasonable impact on emergency costs. We also illustrate that using differing utility functions for different types of materials adds an important dimension of flexibility.
The Genesis of Hannah Arendt’s Conception of Human Rights
Authors: Robitzsch Jan Maximilian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper traces the development of Hannah Arendt’s thought on human rights between 1949 and 1958. Pace readers of Arendt who stress the unity of her thought as well as Arendt’s own proclamation to have not edited her works significantly, the paper shows that Arendt introduced a significant number of changes (of both major and minor character) into her writings on human rights. The most important of these changes is that the idea that a comity of nations may guarantee the right to have rights is, with time, abandoned. The paper further shows that many changes that Arendt makes can be explained by the different audiences Arendt addresses and that a significant number of the changes are due to the fact that Arendt worked in different languages. Accordingly, the German versions of her writings can be used to illuminate unclarities in the English versions of her texts and vice versa.
Philosophical Debates about Prostitution: State of the Question
Authors: Watson Lori 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article aims to present “the state of the question” concerning prostitution. It is organized around an analysis of the various questions that current theorists take themselves to be answering when they defend decriminalization, some form of legalization, or the so‐called “Nordic model” of sex equality. By assessing these “framing questions,” as I shall call them, and the arguments stemming from them, we gain a powerful basis for understanding and critiquing the literature as a whole. In the end, I argue that the Nordic Model is superior in both its orienting method and its solution.
Plant availability of magnesium and phosphorus from struvite with concurrent nitrification inhibitor application
Authors: Watson Conor , Clemens Joachim , Wichern Florian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStruvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) and nitrification inhibitors are applied to soils to, respectively, provide nutrients and reduce nitrogen (N) loss. Given its low N composition (5.7%) relative to that of phosphorus (P, 12.6%) and magnesium (Mg, 9.9%), struvite could be added to soil concurrently with N fertilizers as a source of P and Mg. Nutrient release from struvite could be impacted if nitrification of its ammonium component is reduced by a nitrification inhibitor. Accordingly, a pot trial gauged whether struvite‐fertilized ryegrass had comparable Mg or P uptake and shoot yields with treatments receiving conventional Mg and P fertilizers. Struvite precipitated from milk industry wastewater, or conventional fertilizers, were added to a soil–sand mixture of low fertility. The inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) was added to assess its effect on P uptake by ryegrass. Relative to Epsom salt, struvite led to increased Mg uptake without significantly affecting shoot biomass, indicating luxury consumption. Regarding shoot yield and P uptake, struvite was as effective as triple super phosphate. DCD significantly reduced P uptake in the first harvest; the inhibited nitrification of the ammonium is surmised to have diminished struvite dissolution. In later harvests, DCD led to a trend (albeit not statistically significant) of increased biomass; this N‐rich (66% N) compound was probably biodegraded and utilized as an N source. The impact of DCD on P uptake in this experiment was short‐lived. Nevertheless, DCD degradation occurs less rapidly in field conditions, potentially affecting early P supply which is vital for optimum yield.
Behaviour of smallholder farmers towards adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mugandani Raymond , Mafongoya Paramu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConservation agriculture is critical to sustainably increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing climate resilience and food security. Much research on adoption of conservation agriculture has focused on its agronomic benefits, but little attention has been paid to the contribution of the behaviour of farmers over its adoption. To close this gap, a study was carried out to investigate the behaviour of smallholder farmers towards the adoption of conservation agriculture in Chivi, Murehwa and Mutoko districts, Zimbabwe. Data were collected through a pre‐tested questionnaire administered to 360 farmers, selected through a multi‐stage sampling process. This method was triangulated through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and personal observations. Data were analysed using percentages, means and inferential statistics. The results show that, although fewer than 10% of the respondents had received any formal training in agriculture, more than 80% of them relied on it for their major source of income. The respondents had high levels of knowledge on the social, environmental and economic benefits of conservation agriculture. However, the majority of the non‐adopters had an indifferent perception towards conservation agriculture. The knowledge and perception of the farmers was explained by age, gender, education and experience with conservation agriculture. Results also show a weak but significant correlation between knowledge and perception (Rs = 0.306, p < 0.05), knowledge and adoption (Rs = 0.484, p < 0.05) but a strong and significant correlation between perception and adoption (Rs = 0.808, p < 0.05). Addressing perception gaps is key to enhance adoption of conservation agriculture.
Combining next‐generation sequencing and progeny testing for rapid identification of induced recessive and dominant mutations in maize M2 individuals
Authors: Heuermann Marc C. , Rosso Mario G. , Mascher Martin , Brandt Ronny , Tschiersch Henning , Altschmied Lothar , Altmann Thomas 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMolecular identification of mutant alleles responsible for certain phenotypic alterations is a central goal of genetic analyses. In this study we describe a rapid procedure suitable for the identification of induced recessive and dominant mutations applied to two Zea mays mutants expressing a dwarf and a pale green phenotype, respectively, which were obtained through pollen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. First, without prior backcrossing, induced mutations (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) segregating in a (M2) family derived from a heterozygous (M1) parent were identified using whole‐genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing of a small number of (M2) individuals with mutant and wild‐type phenotypes. Second, the state of zygosity of the mutation causing the phenotype was determined for each sequenced individual by phenotypic segregation analysis of the self‐pollinated (M3) offspring. Finally, we filtered for segregating EMS‐induced SNPs whose state of zygosity matched the determined state of zygosity of the mutant locus in each sequenced (M2) individuals. Through this procedure, combining sequencing of individuals and Mendelian inheritance, three and four SNPs in linkage passed our zygosity filter for the homozygous dwarf and heterozygous pale green mutation, respectively. The dwarf mutation was found to be allelic to the an1 locus and caused by an insertion in the largest exon of the AN1 gene. The pale green mutation affected the nuclear W2 gene and was caused by a non‐synonymous amino acid exchange in encoded chloroplast DNA polymerase with a predicted deleterious effect. This coincided with lower cpDNA levels in pale green plants.
Respite care for children and youth with complex care needs and their families: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Breneol Sydney , King Sarah T. , Best Shauna , McKibbon Shelley , Curran Janet A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify and characterize interventions, programs or models used to deliver respite care services to children and youth with complex care needs and their families.

Introduction:
Many children with complex chronic conditions require multifaceted home management plans to address their medical, social and emotional needs. The provision of this care often falls on the parents or primary guardians. Respite care is one strategy to provide families with a break from the demands of caring for a child with complex care needs; however, families commonly face barriers to obtaining respite care services.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider papers that include children and youth (0–25 years of age, in any location, with complex care needs, medical complexity or complex chronic conditions) and their families. Any interventions, programs or models aimed at delivering respite care services to this population will be included. Studies focusing on support provided at the end of life will be excluded. Only studies published in English will be included. No date limits will be set.

Methods:
A search will be conducted in five databases, as well as multiple sources of unpublished literature. The text words contained in the titles and abstracts of relevant articles and index terms will be used to develop a full search strategy. All potentially relevant papers will be retrieved in full. A pre-defined data extraction tool developed by the reviewers will be used, and extracted data will be presented in tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary.