bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelet Adhesiveness in Permanent Residents of High Altitude
Authors: Sharma Subhash C , Drummond Maureen M , Balasubramanian V , Chadha K S 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPlatelet adhesiveness (PA) has been studied in 43 permanent residents of high altitude (highlanders) and in an equal number of age matched low landers for comparison. The importance of our findings in the light of our earlier observations in young low landers developing ischaemic cerebral stroke at high altitude and the development of ill effects of high altitude induction in fresh unacclimatised inductees is discussed.
Repeatability of Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Volumetric Measurement of Lumbosacral Intervertebral Foramina in German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Gordon Stefan , Bridges Janis , Tomlin Susan , Hartman Angela , Worth Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Objectives This article determines the repeatability of a recently reported method of volumetric measurement of the lateral intervertebral neurovascular foramina at the lumbosacral junction in German shepherd dogs.
Materials and Methods Batch files including the intervertebral neurovascular foramina were derived from previously obtained computed tomography studies of the extended lumbosacral junction of 20 German shepherd dogs and converted into volume datasets. Three observers independently performed five measurements of the left and right lumbosacral intervertebral neurovascular foramina in each dog, using an Extended Brilliance Workstation (Phillips, The Netherlands) to generate a volume of the lumbosacral intervertebral foramina in cubic millimetres, as described by Worth and colleagues in 2017. The inter-observer repeatability of the mean of the five-volume measurements (40 foramina) was assessed using the Bland–Altman limits of agreement method. One observer, blinded to the previous measurements, repeated the volumetric analysis on 20 lumbosacral intervertebral foramina for an assessment of intra-observer repeatability using the same statistical methods.
Results This method of volumetric analysis showed good intra- and inter-observer repeatability with 95% of paired comparisons falling within two standard deviations of the mean difference between them.
Clinical Significance This method of measuring the volume of the lumbosacral intervertebral neurovascular foramina is repeatedly reliable and may be a useful tool when testing the effects of motion and disease on the lumbosacral junction, and could help guide surgical intervention when foraminal narrowing is implicated in the clinical signs.
Comparison of Simultaneously Collected Kinetic Data with Force Plates and a Pressure Walkway
Authors: Sandberg Gabriella , Torres Bryan , Berjeski Amanda , Budsberg Steven 
Published: August 2018

Objective This article compares simultaneously collected kinetic data (percent limb distribution and limb symmetry) with force plates (FP) and a pressure walkway.
Animals This study included 18 healthy client-owned adult dogs.
Methods Vertical ground reaction force and pressure data were collected during two sessions 1 week apart (days 1 and 7) using both FP and pressure mat systems. Vertical ground reaction forces and vertical pressure data were each collected alone as well as simultaneously. A mixed effects model was used to test for differences in force, force percent data and symmetry indices (SI) that were calculated for the thoracic and pelvic limb pairs, between collection systems. A Pearson's correlation was used to test for correlations between force, force percentage and SI.
Results There was no difference in peak vertical force (PVF) or total pressure index (TPI) data collected alone or when collected with pressure mat overlay the FP. Small but significant differences were found in percent limb distribution between PVF% and TPI%. Significant differences were found in the calculated SI for forelimbs and hindlimbs. Correlations between the PVF% and TPI% distribution were significant in both the fore- and hindlimbs. While there was a significant correlation between the forelimb SI, there was no significant correlation between the SI in the hindlimbs.
Clinical Significance The method of calculating PVF and TPI percentages allowed for comparison between the collection methods. Significant differences were noted in the calculated SI between the collection methods and direct comparisons is not advisable.
Action of Brinase on Human Fibrinogen and Plasminogen
Authors: Vanhove Ph , Donati M B , Claeys H , Verhaeghe R , Vermylen J 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBrinase added to human plasma in vitro caused a decrease in fibrinogen concentration, positive paracoagulation tests and formation of a friable clot in sequence. Agarose gel filtration of these samples revealed the presence of fibrinogen derivatives both larger and smaller than the parent molecule. Infusion of the enzyme in vivo resulted in a decreased fibrinogen level, a prolonged thrombin time and an increase in fibrinogen related antigen (FRA) in serum. The elution pattern of FRA in the plasma samples obtained after infusion of Brinase was similar to that of the in vitro samples. The plasma pool of fibrinogen was partially consumed by infusion of Brinase, but the turnover of plasminogen remained unaffected. Purified plasminogen was partially degraded by addition of the enzyme but this was not accompanied by a generation of proteolytic activity. These findings confirm that Brinase induces a proteolytic degradation of fibrinogen in plasma without activation of the plasminogen-plasmin system. Exposure of polymerization site(s) in the fibrinogen molecule is probably responsible for the reported clot promoting effect of the enzyme.
The Effect of Agents which Modify Platelet Behaviour and of Magnesium Ions on Thrombus Formation In Vivo
Authors: Adams J H , Mitchell J R A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe ability of potential anti-thrombotic agents to modify platelet-thrombus formation in injured cerebral arteries in the rabbit was tested. Low doses of heparin were without effect, while higher doses produced variable suppression of white body formation but at the expense of bleeding. Aspirin did not inhibit white body formation but another non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent, flurbiprofen was able to do so, as was the anti-gout agent, sulphinpyrazone. Magnesium salts both topically and parenterally, suppressed thrombus formation and increased the concentration of ADP which was required to initiate thrombus production at minor injury sites.
Extracellular Factors Influencing the In Vitro Protein Synthesis of Platelets
Authors: Plow Edward F 
Published: August 2018

SummaryRegulation of platelet protein synthesis by selected extracellular factors and events have been examined. Protein synthetic function was assessed by the incorporation of 3H-leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein and was characterized by: a) incorporation of 0.1 μ moles leucine/hr/1088 platelets; b) sensitivity to puromycin but not actinomycin D; and c) synthesis of multiple size species. Inhibition and potentiation of the rate of protein synthesis by extracellular factors was demonstrable. Plasma and serum both inhibited protein synthesis, and the inhibitory effect appeared to be dependent upon a cooperative effect of two distinct plasma factors. The inhibitory effect may reflect a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis and/or an increase in the rate of protein catabolism. Fibrinogen and its plasmic cleavage products X, Y and E did not affect platelet protein synthesis; but the D: E complex and D fragment produced approximately 50% increases in the rate of synthesis. Protein synthesis and the release reaction appeared to be independent cellular functions as ADP, thrombin, AMP, ATP, adenosine and dibutyryl derivatives of cyclic AMP and GMP did not influence protein synthesis. Epinephrine at 1 mM inhibited the initial rate of protein synthesis by 45%; however, this effect appeared to be independent of the release reaction. It is concluded that platelet protein synthesis in vitro is independent of selected platelet hemostatic functions such as the release reaction but is susceptible to regulation by agents which occur in vivo.
The Acelerating Effect of Fibrinogen and Early Fibrinogen Degradation Products on Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Authors: Marsh N A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe fibrinogen molecule has a number of biological activities and some of these are shared by the larger degradation products. This study was carried out to investigate the erythrocyte sedimentation-accelerating property of fibrinogen and how this property might be modified by proteolytic digestion with plasmin.The sedimentation rate of washed human red cells suspended in saline, was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of added purified human fibrinogen, down to 250 mg%, below which there was no difference from saline controls. Plasmic digestion of fibrinogen yielding fragment X, did not reduce the accelerating affect on erythrocyte sedimentation, indicating that the intact carboxyl terminal end of the Aα chain is unnecessary for this phenomenon. Further digestion to fragment Y reduced the effect slightly but digestion to fragments D and E abolished the accelerating effect completely.
The Effects of Citrate and Extracellular Calcium Ions on the Platelet Release Reaction Induced by Adenosine Diphosphate and Collagen
Authors: Hepinstall Stanley , Taylor Patricia M 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe ADP-induced release of 3H-serotonin from human platelets in heparinized platelet rich plasma is markedly stimulated by the addition of sodium citrate. The aggregation and release that is induced by collagen is less affected by citrate. Data is presented that supports the view that the effects of citrate on both ADP-and collagen-induced release are largely via alteration of the concentration of ionized calcium in plasma.Collagen can induce release of 3H-serotonin via extracellular calcium-independent and -dependent mechanisms. The possibility that the calcium-dependent mechanism is aggregation-dependent and that the calcium is required for platelet aggregation rather than directly involved in the release reaction is discussed.
Dose Requirement for Replacement Therapy in Hemophilia A
Authors: Allain Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn order to determine the correlation between different doses of F. VIII and their clinical effect,. 70 children with severe hemophilia A were studied after treatment with single doses of cryoprecipitate. The relationship between plasma F. VIII levels or doses calculated in u/ kg of body weight and clinical results followed an exponential curve. Plasma F. VIII levels of 0.35 and 0.53 u/ml corresponded to 95 and 99% satisfactory treatment, respectively. Similar clinical results were obtained with 20 and 31 u/kg. When the in vivo recovery of F. VIII after lyophilized cryoprecipitate was 0.015 u/ml for each u/kg injected, plasma F. VIII levels of 0.30 and 0.47 u/ml respectively were achieved. Since home treatment is largely based on single infusions of F. VIII, it is suggested that moderate and severe hemorrhages be treated with a dose which will provide a plasma F. VIII level of 0.5 u/ml.
Purification and Properties of an Antiactivator Fraction from Bovine Serum
Authors: Nanninga L B , Guest M M 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA method is described for the purification of antiactivator from bovine euglobulin-free serum by means of gelfiltration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified antiactivator has no antifibrinolytic activity. It has a molecular weight of about 115,000 and it appears to be a gamma globulin. The dissociation constant of its complex with urokinase is 1.6 X 10-9 M and the maximum urokinase binding is close to 2000 CTA units per mg. Its concentration in bovine serum is 0.37%. Flufenamate displaces urokinase from the antiactivator at very low concentrations, about 10-4 M. Cysteine restores its activity if lost by standing. Also an antifibrinolysin fraction is obtained free of antiactivator activity.
Sex roles and stereotypes
Authors: Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
‘Sex roles and stereotypes’ examines the notion, implicit in many of the original ideas about sexual selection, that males and females have natural ‘roles’ with characteristic behaviour associated with each sex. It also explores further the reasons behind deviations from the ‘typical’ sex roles in mate choice and in mating competition. Are there ‘standard’ male and female roles in both humans and other animal species? One version of sex roles holds that males are generally dominant and females submissive, stemming from the way that sexual selection favours different behaviours in each sex. This could mean that sexual selection dictates particular behaviours in males and females. But in fact, sexual behaviour is extraordinarily varied in nature.
Sexual selection after mating
Authors: Simmons Leigh W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Darwin viewed sexual selection as a process that ended with mate acquisition, assuming that females are fundamentally monogamous, mating with just one male. ‘Sexual selection after mating’, however, shows this assumption to be false. Sexual selection continues long after the physical act of mating is over, as sperm compete inside a female’s reproductive tract and females bias the paternity of their young by selectively using sperm from particular males. Multiple mating by females has turned out to be ubiquitous across animal taxa. The far-reaching evolutionary consequences of sperm competition and cryptic female choice for the evolution of reproductive traits are examined, from the gametes themselves to the adult organisms producing them.
Josiah Wedgwood: the world’s greatest innovator
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
‘Josiah Wedgwood: the world’s greatest innovator’ looks at the important contribution made by a Staffordshire potter to an improved quality of life and work in the society in which he lived. Josiah Wedgwood (1730–95) was a product innovator, constantly searching for innovation in the materials he used and design forms of his pottery, seeking out collaboration with other companies, artists, and industries. He made significant contributions to building national infrastructure, helped create a dynamic regional industry, pioneered new export markets, and positively influenced government policies. He invested extensively in the training and skills development of his employees and introduced a remarkable number of marketing and retailing innovations.
Joseph Schumpeter’s gales of creative destruction
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
‘Joseph Schumpeter’s gales of creative destruction’ shows how innovation is creative and beneficial—bringing new industries, wealth, and employment—and also destructive of some established firms, many products and jobs, and the dreams of failed entrepreneurs. Innovation is essential for competitive survival. Most innovations are incremental improvements—providing new models of existing products and services, or adjustments to organizational processes, but most attempts at innovation fail. Organizations rarely innovate alone: they do so in association with others, including suppliers and customers. The various models and theories of innovation are discussed, concluding that understanding the time dimension in innovation is critical. How innovations are consumed and diffused is also considered.
SKmDB: an integrated database of next generation sequencing information in skeletal muscle
Authors: Yuan Jie , Zhou Jiajian , Wang Huating , Sun Hao 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Skeletal muscles have indispensable functions and also possess prominent regenerative ability. The rapid emergence of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data in recent years offers us an unprecedented perspective to understand gene regulatory networks governing skeletal muscle development and regeneration. However, the data from public NGS database are often in raw data format or processed with different procedures, causing obstacles to make full use of them.

Results
We provide SKmDB, an integrated database of NGS information in skeletal muscle. SKmDB not only includes all NGS datasets available in the human and mouse skeletal muscle tissues and cells, but also provide preliminary data analyses including gene/isoform expression levels, gene co-expression subnetworks, as well as assembly of putative lincRNAs, typical and super enhancers and transcription factor hotspots. Users can efficiently search, browse and visualize the information with the well-designed user interface and server side. SKmDB thus will offer wet lab biologists useful information to study gene regulatory mechanisms in the field of skeletal muscle development and regeneration.

Availability and implementation
Freely available on the web at http://sunlab.cpy.cuhk.edu.hk/SKmDB.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ISDB: a database toolkit for storing and analyzing viral integration site data
Authors: Sibley Thomas R , Silberman Evan J , Mullins James I 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Summary
We introduce ISDB, a set of software tools for the creation and administration of relational databases of viral integration site (IS) data. Using ISDB, investigators can curate a private database from any heterogeneous set of data sources, including previously-published datasets and internal, work-in-progress data. To make data visible and accessible to collaborators with varying degrees of computational expertise, ISDB automatically generates web sites describing database contents and data exports in several common formats. Compared to a public depository database, the ability to build local, private databases makes ISDB suitable for use in testing hypotheses and developing analyses in the long pre-publication phase of most research.

Availability and implementation
Installation and usage documentation for ISDB are provided on our website https://mullinslab.microbiol.washington.edu/isdb/. Source code is available under the open source MIT license from https://github.com/MullinsLab/ISDB.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Penalized co-inertia analysis with applications to -omics data
Authors: Min Eun Jeong , Safo Sandra E , Long Qi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Co-inertia analysis (CIA) is a multivariate statistical analysis method that can assess relationships and trends in two sets of data. Recently CIA has been used for an integrative analysis of multiple high-dimensional omics data. However, for classical CIA, all elements in the loading vectors are nonzero, presenting a challenge for the interpretation when analyzing omics data. For other multivariate statistical methods such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA), penalized least squares (PLS), various approaches have been proposed to produce sparse loading vectors via l1-penalization/constraint. We propose a novel CIA method that uses l1-penalization to induce sparsity in estimators of loading vectors. Our method simultaneously conducts model fitting and variable selection. Also, we propose another CIA method that incorporates structure/network information such as those from functional genomics, besides using sparsity penalty so that one can get biologically meaningful and interpretable results.

Results
Extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed penalized CIA methods achieve the best or close to the best performance compared to the existing CIA method in terms of feature selection and recovery of true loading vectors. Also, we apply our methods to the integrative analysis of gene expression data and protein abundance data from the NCI-60 cancer cell lines. Our analysis of the NCI-60 cancer cell line data reveals meaningful variables for cancer diseases and biologically meaningful results that are consistent with previous studies.

Availability and implementation
Our algorithms are implemented as an R package which is freely available at: https://www.med.upenn.edu/long-lab/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Introduction
Authors: Kirchman David L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to introduce the field of microbial ecology and some terms used in the rest of the book. Microbial ecology, which is the study of microbes in natural environments, is important for several reasons. Although most are beneficial, some microbes cause diseases of higher plants and animals in aquatic environments and on land. Microbes are also important because they are directly or indirectly responsible for the food we eat. They degrade pesticides and other pollutants contaminating natural environments. Finally, they are important in another “pollution” problem: the increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. Because microbes are crucial for many biogeochemical processes, the field of microbial ecology is crucial for understanding the effect of greenhouse gases on the biosphere and for predicting the impact of climate change on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Even if the problem of climate change were solved, microbes would be fascinating to study because of the weird and wonderful things they do. The chapter ends by pointing out the difficulties in isolating and cultivating microbes in the laboratory. In many environments, less than one percent of all bacteria and other microbes can be grown in the laboratory. The cultivation problem has many ramifications for identifying especially viruses, bacteria, and archaea in natural environments, and for connecting up taxonomic information with biogeochemical processes.
Comparison of Early Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation and Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Dursun Mesut , Uslu Sinan , Bulbul Ali , Celik Muhittin , Zubarioglu Umut , Bas Evrim Kiray 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsTo compare the effect of early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in terms of the need for endotracheal ventilation in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants born between 24 and 32 gestational weeks.MethodsThis is a randomized, controlled, prospective, single-centered study. Forty-two infants were randomized to nIPPV and 42 comparable infants to nCPAP (birth weight 1356 ± 295 and 1359 ± 246 g and gestational age 29.2 ± 1.7 and 29.4 ± 1.5 weeks, respectively).ResultsThe need for endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation was significantly lower in the nIPPV group than the nCPAP group (11.9% and 40.5%, respectively, p < 0.05). There were no differences in the duration of total nasal respiratory support, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or other early morbidities.ConclusionnIPPV compared with nCPAP reduced the need for endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in premature infants with RDS.
Planned Home Versus Planned Hospital Births in Women at Low-Risk Pregnancy: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Rossi A. Cristina , Prefumo Federico 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018;222:102–108)
Maternity care in hospitals has contributed to significantly reduced maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates over the latter half of the 20th century. Hospital care allows for prompt intervention and care that may not be available outside the hospital.