bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of mitochondrial calcium uniporter‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Handong , Zhou Xiaoming , Mao Lei , Ding Ke , Hu Zhigang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the cellular Ca2+ and iron homeostasis, which can be regulated by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and many neurological diseases. However, little is known about the role of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Under physiological conditions, MCU can be inhibited by ruthenium red (RR) and activated by spermine (Sper). In the present study, we used RR and Sper to reveal the role of MCU in mouse and neuron TBI models. Our results suggested that the Ca2+ and iron concentrations were obviously increased after TBI. In addition, TBI models showed a significant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deformation of mitochondria, up‐regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and increase in apoptosis. Blockage of MCU by RR prevented Ca2+ and iron accumulation, abated the level of oxidative stress, improved the energy supply, stabilized mitochondria, reduced DNA damage and decreased apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, Sper did not increase cellular Ca2+ and iron concentrations, but suppressed the Ca2+ and iron accumulation to benefit the mice in vivo. However, Sper had no significant impact on TBI in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated for the first time that blockage of MCU‐mediated Ca2+ and iron accumulation was essential for TBI. These findings indicated that MCU could be a novel therapeutic target for treating TBI.
Effect of mHealth in improving oral hygiene: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Toniazzo Mirian P. , Nodari Daniela , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Weidlich Patricia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of mobile applications and text messages, compared with conventional oral hygiene instructions, for improving oral health knowledge and/or reducing gingival inflammation, when delivered to adolescents, adults and mothers of young children.MethodsRandomized clinical trials evaluating the use of mobile applications or text messages related to oral hygiene and/or oral health education were screened. A search was performed in the Medline‐PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases and the grey literature. The eligible studies comprised those related to plaque, gingival bleeding and/or oral health knowledge as outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool and the GRADE system. Two meta‐analyses were carried out.ResultsAmong the fifteen studies selected, twelve (80%) used text messages and thirteen (87%) showed better results when mobile technology was used. The pooled SMD for the dental plaque index (n = 10 studies) was −9.43 (95% CI −14.36 to −4.495; I2 = 99%, p < 0.001), and that of gingival bleeding (n = 7 studies) was −8.54 (95% CI −13.16 to −3.91; I2 = 99%, p < 0.001), indicating significant improvement in dental plaque control and gingival bleeding for groups that received the mobile health (mHealth) strategy.ConclusionmHealth can be used as an adjunct component in managing gingivitis, acquiring oral health knowledge and improving oral hygiene.
Gaseous ozone: A potent pest management strategy to control Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infesting green gram
Authors: Pandiselvam Ravi , Thirupathi Venkatachalam , Mohan Striramasarma , Vennila Palanisamy , Uma Doraiswamy , Shahir Sultan , Anandakumar Sugumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExtending the storage life of legumes by protecting it from the Callosobruchus maculatus infestation is a major concern for the producers, processors and exporters. Legume processing industry requires “greener” alternatives to the conventional fumigants. Gaseous ozone has a great potential as an insect management strategy that is suited for this niche. Nevertheless, the efficacy of ozone against C. maculatus is yet unknown. A laboratory study was conducted to test the insecticidal effect of ozone in controlling the infestation of C. maculatus in green gram. We have determined the concentration of ozone exposure time–mortality relationship for all the stages of C. maculatus that were exposed to 500–1,500 ppmv ozone. The percentages of mortality for different stages of C. maculatus increased with the increase in ozone concentration and exposure time. It was documented that adult stage is least tolerant to ozone (500 ppmv for 274.40 min exposure required to kill 90%), whereas the most tolerant stage is pupa (500 ppmv for 1816.54 min is required to kill 90%). The results indicate that gaseous ozone is the attractive alternative to the synthetic fumigants.
A Practical Approach to Assessing and Mitigating Loneliness and Isolation in Older Adults
Authors: Perissinotto Carla , Holt‐Lunstad Julianne , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Covinsky Ken 
Published: February 2019

Loneliness and social isolation are strongly associated with several adverse health outcomes in older persons including death and functional impairments. The strength of these associations has been compared with smoking. Accordingly, loneliness and isolation have significant public health implications.Despite the adverse impacts of loneliness and social isolation on quality of life, and their strong association with health outcomes, the evaluation of loneliness and isolation have not been integrated into medical care. The risks for loneliness may be of particular concern to persons with serious illness as patients and caregivers cope with the experience of loss, loss of independence, and increasing care needs. To date, there has been no uniform way of evaluating and documenting loneliness and social isolation as a part of a review of a patient's social determinants of health.This article provides a framework for healthcare systems, providers, and community members working with older adults to (1) understand loneliness, isolation, and its counterpart social connection; (2) describe the different ways loneliness affects health; and (3) create a framework for asking about and documenting these experiences. Finally, because the lack of studies assessing whether targeting loneliness can improve health outcomes is a major gap, we provide guidance on the future of interventions. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:657–662, 2019.
Venture Capital and Capital Allocation
Authors: PIACENTINO GIORGIA 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTI show that venture capitalists' motivation to build reputation can have beneficial effects in the primary market, mitigating information frictions and helping firms go public. Because uninformed reputation‐motivated venture capitalists want to appear informed, they are biased against backing firms—by not backing firms, they avoid taking low‐value firms to market, which would ultimately reveal their lack of information. In equilibrium, reputation‐motivated venture capitalists back relatively few bad firms, creating a certification effect that mitigates information frictions. However, they also back relatively few good firms, and thus, reputation motivation decreases welfare when good firms are abundant or profitable.
High‐Frequency Trading around Large Institutional Orders
Authors: VAN KERVEL VINCENT , MENKVELD ALBERT J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTLiquidity suppliers lean against the wind. We analyze whether high‐frequency traders (HFTs) lean against large institutional orders that execute through a series of child orders. The alternative is HFTs trading with the wind, that is, in the same direction. We find that HFTs initially lean against these orders but eventually change direction and take positions in the same direction for the most informed institutional orders. Our empirical findings are consistent with investors trading strategically on their information. When deciding trade intensity, they seem to trade off higher speculative profits against higher risk of being detected and preyed on by HFTs.
Leucine‐induced promotion of post‐absorptive EAA utilization and hepatic gluconeogenesis contributes to protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of dairy calves
Authors: Zheng Chen , Yao Junhu , Guo Long , Cao Yangchun , Liang Ziqi , Yang Xinjian , Cai Chuanjiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe high rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of dairy calves can benefit their first lactation even lifetime milk yield. Since the rate of protein synthesis is relatively low in the post‐absorptive state, the aim of this research was to determine whether leucine supplementation could increase the post‐absorptive essential amino acid (EAA) utilization and protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle. Ten male neonatal dairy calves (38 ± 3 kg) were randomly assigned to either the control (CON, no leucine supplementation, n = 5) or supplementation with 1.435 g leucine/L milk (LEU, n = 5). Results showed that leucine significantly increased the length and protein concentration in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle, whereas it decreased creatinine concentration and glutamic‐oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity. Compared to the control group, leucine supplementation also reduced the glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity. Supplementation of leucine improved the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and substrates ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K). Supplementation of leucine resulted in increased concentrations of glucose, methionine, threonine, histidine and EAAs and decreased concentration of arginine in serum. Liver glucose concentration was higher and pyranic acid was lower in LEU compared to CON. In conclusion, leucine supplementation can promote post‐absorptive EAA utilization and hepatic gluconeogenesis, which contributes to protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of dairy calves.
Bridging the cultural divide? Exploring school pupils’ perceptions of medicine
Authors: Alexander Kirsty , Cleland Jennifer , Nicholson Sandra 
Published: February 2019

ContextLiterature published around a decade ago demonstrated that UK individuals from non‐traditional groups may not consider, or aspire to, medicine because of sociocultural barriers and instead may perceive medicine as ‘not for the likes of me’. Since this time, the UK higher education landscape has undergone significant change, with an increased emphasis on student choice and widening access (WA) initiatives. Consequently, the present study looks anew at the perceptions of medicine held by school pupils from non‐traditional backgrounds to assess whether sociocultural factors remain a major barrier to medicine.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with 71 high‐achieving school pupils in their penultimate or final years (aged 16–18 years). Participants attended UK state‐funded schools engaged with medical school WA initiatives. Transcripts were analysed thematically using a data‐driven approach. Themes were then interpreted through the conceptual lens of the ‘reflexive habitus’, an adapted version of Bourdieu's classic concept.ResultsParticipants did not perceive that sociocultural differences would deter them from aspiring to, or pursuing, the career of their choice. Some participants identified their ‘different’ background as a strength to bring to medicine. They reported that intrinsic motivators (personal interest and fulfilment) were most important in their own career choices. When asked what they believed might have motivated current medical students for the career, participants debated the role of extrinsic motivators (high status and income) versus intrinsic ones. ‘Hot knowledge’ (social contacts) from within medicine helped some participants reconcile any clash in perceived values and better imagine themselves in the profession.ConclusionsThese non‐traditional school pupils from schools engaged with WA initiatives appear to have embraced the belief that medicine is for anyone with the appropriate desire and ability, regardless of background. Furthermore, some pupils reported that some aspects of their ‘difference’ (diversity) could help enrich the workforce and patient care.
Pneumocephalus due to meningitis extending from sphenoid sinusitis: Case report and review of literatures
Authors: Nomura Motohiro , Baba Eiichi , Shirokane Kazutaka , Tsuchiya Atsushi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPneumocephalus induced by meningitis extending from sphenoid sinusitis is rare. We describe the radiological and clinical characterisitics of pneumocephalus induced by meningitis in our case and previously reported cases. A 21‐year‐old man experienced headache and fever. Radiological examination revealed intracranial air and fluid collection in the sphenoid sinus. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed increased neutrophils and decreased glucose, indicating meningitis. No bacteria were detected by culture. The intravenous administration of antibiotics improved his symptoms and radiological abnormalities. In this case, pneumocephalus was considered to have been induced by bacteria invading from the sphenoid sinus. The review of eight cases including ours revealed that good outcome may be expected in a cases for prompt treatment is performed. In patients with pneumocephalus and meningitis extending from sphenoid sinusitis, prompt treatment using antibiotics is necessary.
Mutation of Mediator subunit CDK8 counteracts the stunted growth and salicylic acid hyperaccumulation phenotypes of an Arabidopsis MED5 mutant
Authors: Mao Xiangying , Kim Jeong Im , Wheeler Mitchell T. , Heintzelman Anne K. , Weake Vikki M. , Chapple Clint 
Published: February 2019

Summary

The Mediator complex functions as a hub for transcriptional regulation. MED5, an Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunit, is required for maintaining phenylpropanoid homeostasis. A semidominant mutation (ref4‐3) that causes a single amino acid substitution in MED5b functions as a strong suppressor of the pathway, leading to decreased soluble phenylpropanoid accumulation, reduced lignin content and dwarfism. By contrast, loss of MED5 results in increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids.

We used a reverse genetic approach to identify suppressors of ref4‐3 and found that ref4‐3 requires CDK8, a kinase module subunit of Mediator, to repress plant growth. The genetic interaction between MED5 and CDK8 was further characterized using mRNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) and metabolite analysis.

Growth inhibition and suppression of phenylpropanoid metabolism can be genetically separated in ref4‐3 by elimination of CDK8 kinase activity; however, the stunted growth of ref4‐3 is not dependent on the phosphorylation event introduced by the G383S mutation. In addition, rather than perturbation of lignin biosynthesis, misregulation of DJC66, a gene encoding a DNAJ protein, is involved in the dwarfism of the med5 mutants.

Together, our study reveals genetic interactions between Mediator tail and kinase module subunits and enhances our understanding of dwarfing in phenylpropanoid pathway mutants.
Pollination effectiveness in a generalist plant: adding the genetic component
Authors: Valverde Javier , Perfectti Francisco , Gómez José María 
Published: February 2019

Summary

The pollination effectiveness of a flower visitor has traditionally been measured as the product of a quantity component that depends on the frequency of interaction and a quality component that measures the per‐visit effects on plant reproduction. We propose that this could be complemented with a genetic component informing about each pollinator's contribution to the genetic diversity and composition of the plant progeny.

We measured the quantity and quality components of effectiveness of most pollinator functional groups of the generalist herb Erysimum mediohispanicum. We used 10 microsatellite markers to calculate the genetic component as the diversity of sires among siblings and included it into the calculation of the pollination effectiveness.

Functional groups varied in the quantity and quality components, which were shown to be decoupled. Functional groups also differed in the genetic component. This component changed the estimates of pollination effectiveness, increasing the differences between some functional groups and modifying the pollination effectiveness landscape.

We demonstrate that including the genetic component in the calculation of the pollination effectiveness may allow a more complete quantification of the contribution of each pollinator to the reproductive success of a plant, providing information on its mating patterns and long‐term fitness.
Multifunctional land‐use value mapping and space type classification: A case study of Puge County, China
Authors: Peng Li , Wang Xuxi , Chen Tiantian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLand exhibits diverse functions under the combined influence of natural and human forces. A production–living–ecology functional classification system was constructed by integrating land, ecosystem, and landscape functions. The land functional value was calculated by systematically integrating ecosystem service value assessments. The primary and secondary functions, as well as combinations of different land‐use types, were determined using vertical and horizontal comparison methods. The production–living–ecology ranges were then delineated in Puge County, which is a typical mountain county in China. The production–living–ecology functions identified were well connected with the current land‐use types. The “production–living–ecology” space in Puge County showed obvious multifunctionality and agglomeration. The function identification system proposed in this paper integrated multiple methods, overcame the difficulty of direct quantitative identification of land functions. The methods used to map and quantify land function will enhance our ability to understand and model land system changes and adequately inform policies and planning.Summary for Managers

The function valuation method constructed in this paper could be used to reflect the multifunctionality and importance of land use and provide guidance and a quantitative basis for regional development planning.
The spatial classification results provided in this paper could offer a valuable reference for the land management department to scientifically formulate land use planning.
Under the goal of creating a group‐type urban development pattern and constructing an ecological protection pattern in Puge County, the hotspot analysis results of this paper can provide decision‐making tools and alternative spatial plans.
Effect of early adverse events on response and survival outcomes of advanced melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib: A pooled analysis of clinical trial data
Authors: Hopkins Ashley M. , Van Dyk Madele , Rowland Andrew , Sorich Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of early adverse events on overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS) and objective response within a pooled secondary analysis of participants treated with first‐line vemurafenib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib in the clinical trials BRIM3 and coBRIM. The study included 583 participants who received vemurafenib monotherapy and 247 who received vemurafenib plus cobimetinib. Adverse events requiring vemurafenib/cobimetinib dose adjustment within the first 28 days of therapy were significantly associated with OS (hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]: dose reduced/interrupted = 0.79 [0.65–0.96]; drug withdrawn = 1.18 [0.71–1.96]; p = 0.032), PFS (HR [95% CI]: dose reduced/interrupted = 0.82 [0.67–0.99]; drug withdrawn = 1.58 [0.97–2.58]; p = 0.017) and objective response (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI]: dose reduced/interrupted = 1.35 [0.99–1.85]; drug withdrawn = 0.17 [0.06–0.43]; p = <0.001). Arthralgia occurring within the first 28 days of vemurafenib or vemurafenib plus cobimetinib therapy was also significantly associated with favourable OS (p = 0.026), PFS (p = 0.042) and objective response (p = 0.047).
Localized vulvar bullous pemphigoid of childhood: A rare cause of persistent vulvar erosions in children
Authors: Belzile Eugénie , Funaro Deana , Powell Julie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLocalized vulvar bullous pemphigoid of childhood is an excessively rare variant of bullous pemphigoid and affects almost exclusively young girls of 7‐12 years of age. In contrast to adult‐onset bullous pemphigoid, a prompt response to potent topical corticosteroids is observed in the majority of cases, with a favorable prognosis and rare relapses. We report the case of a 7‐year‐old girl who presented with this condition. Our case reinforces the recognition of this rare subtype of childhood bullous pemphigoid as a distinct entity and enlightens the importance of performing a cutaneous biopsy when clinically indicated.
Poor sleep quality is associated with obesity and depression in farmers
Authors: Hawes Natalie Jo , Wiggins Amanda T. , Reed Deborah B. , Hardin‐Fanning Frances 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFarmers’ work schedules can result in inconsistent sleep patterns which negatively impact health.PurposeTo explore the relationships between sleep, obesity, and depression in working, older farmers and their spouses. Covariates included body mass index (BMI), age, and gender.MethodsSleep quality, BMI, and depression were assessed in farmers (n = 1,394) 50 years and older. Bivariate associations among all covariates (i.e., age, gender, BMI, sleep) and dependent variable (i.e., depression) were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. Multivariable associations of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). BMI with other study variables were assessed using linear regression.ResultsBMI was positively associated with sleep apnea symptoms (p ≤ 0.0001) and CESD scores (p = 0.0006). Participants with difficulty falling asleep were more likely to have poor sleep quality (p ≤ 0.0001) and higher CESD scores (p ≤ 0.0001). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher CESD scores (p ≤ 0.0001). Increased age, female gender, higher BMI, sleep apnea symptoms, and poorer sleep quality were all predictive of higher depressive symptoms.DiscussionFarmers have unique lifestyles that increase the risk of poor sleep. Screening for sleep pattern disruption and understanding its impact could result in lower rates of depression and obesity in this group of high‐risk individuals.