bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Coffee‐Ring Effect on 3D Patterns: A Simple Approach to Creating Complex Hierarchical Materials
Authors: Mirbagheri Marziye , Hwang Dae Kun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe coffee‐ring effect can be troublesome or beneficial in many surface coating and patterning technologies, prompting an extensive investigation into understanding its underlying mechanism. Although valuable insights are available on drying of polymer solutions on planar surfaces, such information is lacking for 3D‐patterned substrates. Here, the experimental realization of the coffee‐ring effect of a polymer solution on topographical surfaces is reported. Interestingly, the results indicate that, following the capillary flow, the polymer is divided between multiple contact lines on the 3D features and around the base. Therefore, for a proper spacing between the 3D patterns, it is demonstrated that the polymer deposit can be limited to the 3D structures, leaving the base unoccupied. This superposition property is then exploited to fabricate complex hierarchical materials with selective wrinkling on the 3D features, by simply drying a polymer solution on them and, subsequently crosslinking the polymers using plasma.
Numerical Relativity and the Discovery of Gravitational Waves
Authors: Eisenstein Robert A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSolving Einstein's equations precisely for strong‐field gravitational systems is essential to determining the full physics content of gravitational wave detections. Without these solutions it is not possible to infer precise values for initial and final‐state system parameters. Obtaining these solutions requires extensive numerical simulations, as Einstein's equations governing these systems are much too difficult to solve analytically. These difficulties arise principally from the curved, non‐linear nature of spacetime in general relativity. Developing the numerical capabilities needed to produce reliable, efficient calculations has required a Herculean 50‐year effort involving hundreds of researchers using sophisticated physical insight, algorithm development, computational technique, and computers that are a billion times more capable than they were in 1964 when computations were first attempted. The purpose of this review is to give an accessible overview for non‐experts of the major developments that have made such dramatic progress possible.
Multi‐Party Semi‐Quantum Key Distribution Protocol With Four‐Particle Cluster States
Authors: Zhou Nan‐Run , Zhu Kong‐Ni , Zou Xiang‐Fu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe application of semi‐quantum conception can provide unconditional secure communication for communicators without quantum capabilities. A semi‐quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol based on four‐particle cluster states is put forward, which can achieve key distribution among one quantum party and two classical parties simultaneously. Furthermore, this protocol can be expanded to the χ‐party () communication scheme. Compared with the existing multi‐party SQKD protocol, the proposed protocol and the extended one own more excellent time efficiency and qubit efficiency. The security of the proposed SQKD protocol under ideal circumstances is validated while the key rate under non‐ideal conditions is calculated.
Synthesis of phosphorus‐containing flame retardants and investigation of their flame retardant behavior in textile applications
Authors: Kanat Muhammed , Eren Tarik 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFlame retardants are a growing area of research interest. Nonhalogenated, durable, and nonleachable flame retardants are one of the main strategies used in the research of flame retardant polymers. In this regard, the covalent attachment of phosphorus‐containing flame retardants onto cotton fabric has been developed. Two types of reactive phosphorus‐containing flame retardants (MKT‐1 and MKT‐2) have been synthesized and used as a surface coating for cotton fabric. MKT‐1 possesses anhydride and acid functionalities that can react with the OH functionalities in cellulose. In addition, MKT‐2 has both acid and organosilicon groups that can also react with the hydroxy group present in cellulose. The structures of the reactive flame retardants (MKT‐1 and MKT‐2) were characterized using 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the coated and uncoated cotton fabrics were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Surface characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A standard test method used to evaluate the flammability of blankets (BS 5852) was also applied to characterize the fire retardant properties of the coated and uncoated cotton fabrics studied. Different loadings of MKT‐1 and MKT‐2 on the fabric (10, 20, and 30% by weight in dimethylformamide solution) were applied in the dip coating process. The cotton fabric coated with 30% MKT‐2 does not burn after being subjected to a propane burner for 20 s and also produced the highest char yield (36%) at 500 °C. Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry showed that MKT‐1 contains 8.23 ± 0.33 P% whereas MKT‐2 contains 3.88 ± 0.15 P%. Although MKT‐1 possess a higher P content than MKT‐2, the additive effect caused by the organosilicon and nitrogen groups present in MK‐2 enhance its flame retardant properties. Furthermore, the covalently attached flame retardant materials are durable and do not hydrolyze during washing. The mechanical properties of coated fabrics were characterized by a tensile test and significant change in elongation at break was observed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47935.
Preparation of reactive amphoteric polyurethane with multialdehyde groups and its use as a retanning agent for chrome‐free tanned leather
Authors: Xu Wei , Chai Xiaoye , Zhao Guohui , Li Ji , Wang Xuechuan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTLeather retanning agents are of great meaning for the reactive competence and thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of treated leather fibers. For this motif, reactive amphoteric polyurethane with multialdehyde groups (AAPU) was prepared by a polyaddition reaction with isophorone diisocyanate, poly(tetrahydrofuran glycol), 2,4‐dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,2‐dihydroxymethyl propionic acid, and N‐methyl diethanolamine as raw materials and was then used as a retanning agent to explore its effects on leather fibers. The structure of AAPU was confirmed by UV, Fourier transform infrared, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. An average particle size of 42.6 nm and an isoelectric point of 5.16 were determined. The thermal stability, physical and mechanical properties, and morphology of the AAPU‐treated leather fibers and their reactivities to anionic materials were investigated. Because of the crosslinking effect of multisite covalent bonds, which resulted from reactions between the aldehyde groups in AAPU and the pendant amido groups from collagen fibers, and the role of the cationic groups in AAPU, the thermal stability of the treated leather fibers and their reactivity to anionic materials, such as dyestuffs and fatliquoring agents, were enhanced. Thus, the absorption rate of dyes was almost as high as 99.89%, and the physical and mechanical properties of the AAPU‐treated final leather fibers were superior to those of the contrast. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47940.
Morbidity and oncological outcomes of rectal cancer impaired by previous prostate malignancy
Authors: Lakkis Z , Vernerey D , Mege D , Faucheron J-L , Panis Y , Tuech J-J , Lefevre J H , Brouquet A , Dumont F , Borg C , Woronoff A-S , Meurisse A , Heyd B , Rullier E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Specific surgical and oncological outcomes in patients with rectal cancer surgery after a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer have not been well described. The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes in patients with rectal cancer with or without a history of prostate cancer.

Methods
Patients who had surgery for rectal cancer with (PC group) or without (no-PC group) previous curative treatment for prostate cancer were enrolled between January 2001 and December 2015. Comparisons between the two groups were performed by multivariable Cox analysis, and after propensity score matching in a 3 : 1 ratio for demographic and tumour characteristics, and surgical and oncological outcomes.

Results
A total of 944 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled, of whom 10·8 per cent had a history of prostate cancer. After matching, 83 patients who had received treatment for prostate cancer were compared with 249 who had not. The PC and no-PC groups were similar regarding patient characteristics. Extended total mesorectal excision, conversion to open surgery, transfusion and tumour perforation were more frequent in the PC group than in the no-PC group. Major surgical morbidity (28 versus 17·2 per cent; P = 0·036), anastomotic leakage (25 versus 13·7 per cent; P = 0·019) and permanent stoma (41 versus 12·4 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) occurred more frequently in the PC group. Local recurrence was increased significantly in the PC group (17 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·019), and resulted in a significant decrease in disease-free and overall survival.

Conclusion
Prostate cancer treatment increases short- and long-term surgical morbidity in patients with rectal cancer, and impairs oncological outcomes.
Variants in matrix metalloproteinase‐9 gene are associated with hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients with atherothrombosis, small artery disease, and cardioembolic stroke
Authors: Yi Xingyang , Sui Guo , Zhou Qiang , Wang Chun , Lin Jing , Chai Zhenxiao , Zhou Ju 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe potential effect of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) variants and these variants interactions on hemorrhagic transformation (HT) risk after ischemic stroke (IS) remain unclear. The aims of present study were to investigate the associations of six variants in MMP‐9 with HT, and these variants interactions whether related to increased HT risk.MethodA total of 705 patients with IS who were admitted to the participating hospitals within 48 hr of symptom onset were consecutively enrolled between March 2014 and December 2016. HT was confirmed by brain computed tomography (CT) scan during 14 days from stroke onset. Six variants of MMP‐9 gene were measured by mass spectrometry. Interactions of gene variant–gene variant were assessed through generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method (GMDR).ResultsHT occurred in 104 (14.8%) patients. There were no differences in genotypes for the six variants between patients with and without HT using univariate analysis (all p > 0.05). GMDR analysis revealed that there was a synergistic effect of gene variant–gene variant interactions between rs3918242 and rs3787268 in MMP‐9 gene. Cox regression analysis showed that high‐risk interactions of rs3918242 and rs3787268 were associated with increased risk of HT after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio: 2.08; 95% confidence interval: 1.34–7.85; p = 0.016).ConclusionIncidence of HT is common in acute IS in Chinese population. The mechanisms leading to HT are most likely multifactorial. Two‐loci interactions of rs3918242 and rs3787268 in MMP‐9 gene may confer a higher risk for HT.
What are the Optimal Combinations of Parenting Intervention Components to Reduce Physical Child Abuse Recurrence? Reanalysis of a Systematic Review using Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Melendez‐Torres G. J. , Leijten Patty , Gardner Frances 
Published: May 2019

Parenting interventions are widely used to reduce physical child abuse, but evidence for their effectiveness is mixed, partly because standard methods for synthesising the effectiveness of interventions do not address complex causation. We addressed this by using qualitative comparative analysis to understand pathways to effectiveness in social learning theory‐based parenting interventions. After a systematic search of nine databases and independent and duplicate study selection, we included 14 interventions from ten evaluations. We categorised nine as most effective and five as least effective. We labelled interventions as to the presence or absence of parental self‐management, attachment‐based, alternative punishment or proactive parenting components. We examined how these combined in the most effective and least effective interventions, and identified common pathways to most effectiveness and least effectiveness. The final pathways revealed the importance of two components: alternative punishment strategies and parental self‐management strategies. It was not clear that adding more components to an intervention necessarily translated to more effectiveness; indeed, this could backfire, as many of the least effective interventions combined multiple strategies without teaching parental self‐management. Our findings may be useful to intervention developers and implementers when considering new interventions. Future research should seek to test combinations of components for differential effectiveness between the most effective pathways.‘[A] qualitative comparative analysis to understand pathways to effectiveness in social learning theory‐based parenting interventions’Key Practitioner Messages

The effectiveness of social learning theory‐based parenting interventions for physical child abuse is variable.
We identified two key, but not necessary, components: alternative punishment strategies and parental self‐management strategies.
Adding more components did not necessarily lead to high effectiveness, and in some cases this could backfire when parental self‐management was not included.
Achievements in the Study of Marine Low‐Molecular Weight Biologically Active Metabolites from the Vietnamese Territorial Waters as a Result of Expeditions aboard the Research Vessel ‘Akademik Oparin’ (2004–2017)
Authors: Yurchenko Ekaterina A. , Yurchenko Anton N. , Van Minh Chau , Aminin Dmitry L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUntil 2004, the secondary metabolites of marine organisms of the Vietnamese territorial waters had been studied very poorly. Only four new compounds were isolated from 1977 to 2003. Joint Russian‐Vietnamese expeditions aboard the research vessel ‘Akademik Oparin’ made it possible to study in detail the chemical diversity of marine micro‐ and macroorganisms. As a result of five expeditions, more than 250 low‐molecular weight natural compounds, including 117 new metabolites, were isolated from marine invertebrates and microfilamentous fungi. Their biological activities, such as cytotoxic, cytoprotective, and antioxidant activities, were investigated. Information about the structure and biological activity of the compounds, the source for their isolation and the geographical location of the objects is summarized in this review.
Salvage of fractured abutment screw by transfer cap screw replacement (original study)
Authors: Al‐Rawee Rawaa Y. , Mohammad Fatima A. , Tawfeeq Bashar A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSalvage of fractured abutment screw is one of the critical complications, which can be solved in different ways. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced to solve this problem. It is a relatively simple, non‐invasive technique, which would provide an excellent result when executed with ultimate care and precision.
NaF PET assessment of bone metabolic changes around the femoral canal by intramedullary femoral alignment technique in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kaneko Soichiro , Kanetaka Masakazu , Wagatsuma Kei , Ishii Kenji , Anamizu Yorito , Tokimura Fumiaki , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe used the NaF PET scan to assess osteometabolic changes around the distal half of the femoral canal by intramedullary (IM) drill for femoral IM guiding rod insertion in total knee arthroplasty. Gentle IM rod insertion and focused attention can minimize surgical stress‐induced biological reaction of the femoral IM canal.
Ultrafast Sodium Storage through Capacitive Behaviors in Carbon Nanosheets with Enhanced Ion Transport
Authors: Jiang Biao , Zhang Yu , Yan Dong , Xia Ji‐Li , Li Wen‐Cui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are regarded as a promising alternative for scalable electricity storage, but the rate capability is still a scientific challenge to be solved, owing to the poor Na+ kinetics in electrodes. Herein, nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets with rich defects, nanopores and various interlayer spacings are prepared by pre‐carbonized polymer sheets at different temperatures followed by sodium amide treatment. Combination of thin nanosheets, nanopores and large interlayer spacing can boost the rapid Na+ diffusion, as proven by the calculation of the diffusion coefficient. Meanwhile, the kinetics analysis demonstrates the capacitive behaviors, which favor fast Na+ storage. When applied as an anode, the material exhibits superior rate capability (111.1 mA h g−1 even at 20 A g−1), remarkable cycle stability (over 2000 cycles) and ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency (81.4 %). Furthermore, this work demonstrates a new way to develop attractive high‐rate carbon anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Effect of Collector Roughness on Properties of Amorphous Silicon Thin‐Film Anodes
Authors: Xue Wendong , Tian Xu , Xue Yawen , Peng Ting , Li Yan , Li Yong , Sun Jialin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUniform silicon films about 500 nm thick for lithium‐ion batteries on copper foil current collectors were prepared using a magnetron sputtering method. We discuss the surface morphology and crystal structure of the silicon films, emphasizing how the current collector affects the performance of the silicon film anode. XRD and Raman analysis demonstrate that both films are amorphous. However, the silicon film deposited onto the matte copper foil shows better cycle behavior, it can be discharged at 0.5 C with 84.1 % capacity retention about 1470 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles.
WXy/g‐C3N4 (WXy=W2C, WS2, or W2N) Composites for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Shao Mengmeng , Chen Wenzhou , Ding Shengjie , Lo Kin Ho , Zhong Xiongwei , Yao Linmin , Ip Weng Fai , Xu Baomin , Wang Xuesen , Pan Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of earth‐abundant, economical, and efficient photocatalysts to boost water splitting is a key challenge for the practical large‐scale application of hydrogen energy. In this study, g‐C3N4 loaded with different tungsten compounds (W2C, WS2, and W2N) is found to exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activities. W2C/g‐C3N4 displays the highest activity for the photocatalytic reaction with a H2 evolution rate of up to 98 μmol h−1, as well as remarkable recycling stability. The excellent photocatalytic activity of W2C/g‐C4N3 is attributed to the suitable band alignment in W2C/g‐C4N3 and high HER activity of the W2C cocatalyst, which promotes the separation and transfer of carriers and hydrogen evolution at the surface. These findings demonstrate that the tungsten carbide cocatalyst is more active for the photocatalytic reaction than the sulfide or nitride, paving a way for the design of novel and efficient carbides as cocatalysts for photocatalysis.
Papillary meningioma: Diagnosis by intraoperative crush smear cytology
Authors: Tathe Shilpa P. , Parate Sanjay N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPapillary meningioma is a rare, aggressive variant of meningioma. It accounts for less than 1% of all meningiomas. It is categorized as WHO grade III due to high rate of recurrence and metastasis. Histopathologic features of papillary meningioma are well described, but cytomorphology is rarely been described. We report a case of papillary meningioma, diagnosed on intraoperative crush cytology and later confirmed on histopathology. Papillary meningioma possesses characteristic cytological features. Along with the cellular meningothelial features, radial arrangement of cells around thin and thick walled hyalinised blood vessels gives the diagnostic clue. In addition, knowledge of clinical and radiological features is extremely helpful to arrive at the correct diagnosis and to differentiate it from other papillary lesions involving central nervous system. Due to aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis of papillary meningioma, a timely recognition of the diagnosis is desirable and helpful for rationalizing approaches to therapy.
Immune and environment‐driven gene expression during invasion: An eco‐immunological application of RNA‐Seq
Authors: Selechnik Daniel , Richardson Mark F. , Shine Richard , Brown Gregory P. , Rollins Lee Ann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHost–pathogen associations change rapidly during a biological invasion and are predicted to impose strong selection on immune function. It has been proposed that the invader may experience an abrupt reduction in pathogen‐mediated selection (“enemy release”), thereby favoring decreased investment into “costly” immune responses. Across plants and animals, there is mixed support for this prediction. Pathogens are not the only form of selection imposed on invaders; differences in abiotic environmental conditions between native and introduced ranges are also expected to drive rapid evolution. Here, we use RNA‐Seq to assess the expression patterns of immune and environmentally associated genes in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) across its invasive Australian range. Transcripts encoding mediators of costly immune responses (inflammation, cytotoxicity) showed a curvilinear relationship with invasion history, with highest expression in toads from oldest and newest colonized areas. This pattern is surprising given theoretical expectations of density dynamics in invasive species and may be because density influences both intraspecific competition and parasite transmission, generating conflicting effects on the strength of immune responses. Alternatively, this expression pattern may be the result of other evolutionary forces, such as spatial sorting and genetic drift, working simultaneously with natural selection. Our findings do not support predictions about immune function based on the enemy release hypothesis and suggest instead that the effects of enemy release are difficult to isolate in wild populations, especially in the absence of information regarding parasite and pathogen infection. Additionally, expression patterns of genes underlying putatively environmentally associated traits are consistent with previous genetic studies, providing further support that Australian cane toads have adapted to novel abiotic challenges.
Cable tray fire tests with halogenated electric cables in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility
Authors: Zavaleta Pascal , Suard Sylvain , Audouin Laurent 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCable fires are one of the main fire hazards present in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Therefore, as part of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) PRISME‐2 project, cable tray fire tests were performed both in open atmosphere conditions and in a confined and mechanically ventilated facility, called DIVA. These tests aim at showing the effects of a confined and ventilated environment on fire characteristics and consequences. This study deals with five fire tests, which used halogenated (poly [vinyl chloride] or PVC) cable types. Two tests were carried out in open atmosphere and three tests in the DIVA facility. The latter used a ventilation renewal rate (VRR) of either 4 or 15 h−1. The confined and ventilated conditions reduced the mass loss rate and heat release rate than did those obtained in open atmosphere. Furthermore, the three confined tests produced unburnt gases, which ignited in the fire room. Two explosions were highlighted for the tests that used a VRR of 4 h−1. These explosions indeed led to fast flame propagations over the entire upper part of the fire room and steep overpressures of almost 150 hPa. The low‐qualified PVC cables and the ventilation set‐up used in this study strongly contributed to the occurrence of these explosions.