bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk Behavior Amongst Adolescents of Lekhnath Muncipality of Kaski district, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire H P , Dhungana A 
Published: August 2018

Background: Life style related behavioral risk factors are mainly implicated for increase burden of cardiovascular diseases. Research related to these risk behaviors especially among adolescents is essential considering their role as future citizens of the country.Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk behavior amongst the adolescents of Kaski district, Lekhnath Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among the adolescents of Lekhnath Muncipality Kaski District. Total 350 participants from five different schools from Lekhnath Muncipality took part in the study and the sampling technique was simple random method by using a random number table. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect information on identification of risk behaviors.Results: Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were computed. Out of 350 adolescents 175 males and remaining 175 females were interviewed. Alcohol and tobacco consumption were more amongst males whereas fast food and soft drinks were more amongst the females. Nearly 40% of the adolescents were not involved in physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol consumption was 26% and 16% respectively, which was higher amongst the late adolescents group studying in the 11th and 12th standard. In this study fruits and vegetables consumption was very less only 42% whereas soft drinks and fast food consumption was more 83% which shows that the adolescents are not aware about their food habits. Some participants did not consume fruits due to low purchasing power to buy fruits. Adolescence is a period of experimentation and so some participants told that they have just started taking alcohol and also started consuming tobacco for fun and were not aware that it was cardiovascular risk behavior.Conclusions: The adolescents had a high burden of cardiovascular risk behavior and if immediate intervention is not done to reduce these high risk behaviors many may be vulnerable to cardio vascular diseases in the future. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 10-13
Nutritional Status of Senior Citizens in Selected Rural and Urban Area of Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Gautam S , Shrestha N , Shah T , Angur B 
Published: August 2018

Background: Nutritional status is a valuable determinant of quality of life as well as morbidity and mortality. Adequate nutrition, including balanced diet is important among the senior citizens for maintaining good health. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of senior citizens, compare between rural and urban and find out association between demographic variables and study parameters.Methods: A community based cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in one Municipality and one VDC of Kaski district, Nepal. Stratified random sampling was adopted to draw 120 samples from urban, 120 from rural. Data was collected by face-to-face interview with the respondents using semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurement (Height and weight) and hemoglobin measurement was done for assessment of nutritional status.Results: Underweight was found in maximum (47.5%) respondents in rural than urban (18.3%). while overweight was in maximum in urban (30.0%) than in rural (12.5%). Similarly, BMI within normal range was higher in urban (45.8%) than in rural (37.5%). Mean BMI in rural was 19.0 ±4.1 and in urban was 23.2 ±4.7. Below normal hemoglobin level was slightly higher in rural (47.5%) than in urban (44.17%). Mean hemoglobin in rural was 11.89 ±1.63 and urban was 12.06 ±1.27.Conclusions: The study concludes that, underweight was found more among in rural senior citizens but overweight was found more among in urban senior citizens. Below normal hemoglobin level was more among rural samples. There was statistically significant association of mean BMI between rural and urban but not statistically significant association of mean hemoglobin between rural and urban. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 46-51
Attitudes and opinions of US neurosurgical residents toward research and scholarship: a national survey
Authors: Karsy Michael , Henderson Fraser , Tenny Steven , Guan Jian , Amps Jeremy W. , Friedman Allan H. , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Patel Sunil , Kestle John R. W. , Jensen Randy L. , Couldwell William T. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEThe analysis of resident research productivity in neurosurgery has gained significant recent interest. Resident scholarly output affects departmental productivity, recruitment of future residents, and likelihood of future research careers. To maintain and improve opportunities for resident research, the authors evaluated factors that affect resident attitudes toward neurosurgical research on a national level.METHODSAn online survey was distributed to all US neurosurgical residents. Questions assessed interest in research, perceived departmental support of research, and resident-perceived limitations in pursuing research. Residents were stratified based on number of publications above the median (AM; ≥ 14) or below the median (BM; < 14) for evaluation of factors influencing productivity.RESULTSA total of 278 resident responses from 82 US residency programs in 30 states were included (a 20% overall response rate). Residents predominantly desired future academic positions (53.2%), followed by private practice with some research (40.3%). Residents reported a mean ± SD of 11 ± 14 publications, which increased with postgraduate year level. The most common type of research involved retrospective cohort studies (24%) followed by laboratory/benchtop (19%) and case reports (18%). Residents as a group spent on average 14.1 ± 18.5 hours (median 7.0 hours) a week on research. Most residents (53.6%) had ≥ 12 months of protected research time. Mentorship (92.4%), research exposure (89.9%), and early interest in science (78.4%) had the greatest impact on interest in research while the most limiting factors were time (91.0%), call scheduling (47.1%), and funding/grants (37.1%). AM residents cited research exposure (p = 0.003), neurosurgery conference exposure (p = 0.02), formal research training prior to residency (p = 0.03), internal funding sources (p = 0.05), and software support (p = 0.02) as most important for their productivity. Moreover, more productive residents applied and received a higher number of < $10,000 and ≥ $10,000 grants (p < 0.05). A majority of residents (82.4%) agreed or strongly agreed with pursuing research throughout their professional careers. Overall, about half of residents (49.6%) were encouraged toward continued neurosurgical research, while the rest were neutral (36.7%) or discouraged (13.7%). Free-text responses helped to identify solutions on a departmental, regional, and national level that could increase interest in neurosurgical research.CONCLUSIONSThis survey evaluates various factors affecting resident views toward research, which may also be seen in other specialties. Residents remain enthusiastic about neurosurgical research and offer several solutions to the ever-scarce commodities of time and funding within academic medicine.
Early postsurgical diffusivity metrics for prognostication of long-term pain relief after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Tohyama Sarasa , Shih-Ping Hung Peter , Zhong Jidan , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEGamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an important treatment modality for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Current longitudinal assessment after GKRS relies primarily on clinical diagnostic measures, which are highly limited in the prediction of long-term clinical benefit. An objective, noninvasive, predictive tool would be of great utility to advance the clinical management of patients. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the authors’ aim was to determine whether early (6 months post-GKRS) target diffusivity metrics can be used to prognosticate long-term pain relief in patients with TN.METHODSThirty-seven patients with TN treated with GKRS underwent 3T MRI scans at 6 months posttreatment. Diffusivity metrics of fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity were extracted bilaterally from the radiosurgical target of the affected trigeminal nerve and its contralateral, unaffected nerve. Early (6 months post-GKRS) diffusivity metrics were compared with long-term clinical outcome. Patients were identified as long-term responders if they achieved at least 75% reduction in preoperative pain for 12 months or longer following GKRS.RESULTSTrigeminal nerve diffusivity at 6 months post-GKRS was predictive of long-term clinical effectiveness, where long-term responders (n = 19) showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy at the radiosurgical target of their affected nerve compared to their contralateral, unaffected nerve and to nonresponders. Radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity, correlates of myelin alterations and inflammation, were also significantly higher in the affected nerve of long-term responders compared to their unaffected nerve. Nonresponders (n = 18) did not exhibit any characteristic diffusivity changes after GKRS.CONCLUSIONSThe authors demonstrate that early postsurgical target diffusivity metrics have a translational, clinical value and permit prediction of long-term pain relief in patients with TN treated with GKRS. Importantly, an association was found between the footprint of radiation and clinical effectiveness, where a sufficient level of microstructural change at the radiosurgical target is necessary for long-lasting pain relief. DTI can provide prognostic information that supplements clinical measures, and thus may better guide the postoperative assessment and clinical decision-making for patients with TN.
ANALISIS DINDING PENAHAN UNTUK PERKUATAN KELONGSORAN LERENG DI JALAN BEDUGUL SINGARAJA
Authors: Ramia I Nyoman 
Published: August 2018

Lereng adalah suatu permukaan tanah yang miring dan membentuk sudut tertentu terhadap suatu bidang horizontal. Pada tempat dimana terdapat dua permukaan tanah yang berbeda ketinggian, maka akan ada gaya yang bekerja mendorong sehingga tanah yang lebih tinggi kedudukannya cenderung bergerak ke arah bawah. Hal ini disebut dengan gaya potensial gravitasi yang menyebabkan terjadi kelongsoran. Kabupaten Tabanan memiliki beberapa ruas jalan yang melewati lereng, salah satunya adalah ruas Jalan Raya Bedugul. Ruas jalan ini merupakan ruas jalan penghubung antara Kabupaten Buleleng, Kabupaten Badung dan Kabupaten Tabanan. Telah terjadi kelongsoran pada lereng ini, tepatnya di KM 49 + 800 di Desa Candikuning, Kecamatan Baturiti, Kawasan Wisata Danau Beratan yaitu pada tanggal 21 Desember 2016 dan longsor susulan pada tanggal 10 Februari 2017. Untuk mencegah kemungkinan terjadinya longsor susulan yang sewaktu-waktu dapat terjadi lagi, maka perlu dilakukan langkah antisipasi dengan merencanakan perkuatan pada lereng tersebut. Pada studi ini dianalisis kekuatan geser tanah dengan perkuatan, untuk dapat mengetahui kemampuan perkuatan dalam menjaga kestabilan lereng. Juga dilakukan analisis kestabilan lereng di lokasi penelitian dengan tujuan dapat mengetahui kemampuan penggunaan perkuatan sebagai alternatif dalam mengatasi kelongsoran pada lereng tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis setelah dinding penahan diperkuat dengan barisan tiang bor diperoleh angka stabilitas terhadap guling dan geser lebih besar daripada 1,5 dan stabilitas terhadap daya dukungnya lebih kecil daripada daya dukung tanah yang diijinkan sehingga dinding penahan aman terhadap bahaya kelongsoran.
PENGARUH LOKASI, PELAYANAN, DAN PROSEDUR PENCAIRAN PEMBIAYAAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI MENGAMBIL PEMBIAYAAN
Authors: Septi Wulandari Al Haq Kamal 
Published: August 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang mempengaruhi keputusan anggota koperasi mengambil pembiayaan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaruh lokasi, pelayanan, dan prosedur pencairan pembiayaan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap keputusan anggota koperasi mengambil pembiayaan di KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah. Dan juga pengaruh lokasi, pelayanan, dan prosedur pencairan pembiayaan secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan anggota koperasi mengambil pembiayaan di KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan ialah uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi berganda. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dengan cara wawancara terhadap manajer KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah dan anggota koperasi sebagai responden dengan mengisi kuesioner. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota koperasi yang mengambil pembiayaan di KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah yang berjumlah 68 orang atau anggota dengan bantuan software SPSS untuk menganisis data dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor lokasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan anggota koperasi mengambil pembiayaan. Namun untuk faktor pelayanan dan prosedur pencairan pembiayaan mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan anggota koperasi mengambil pembiayaan di KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah. Kata kunci: pelayanan, prosedur pencairan pembiayaan, dan keputusan anggota. AbstractThis study aims to determine the things that affect the results of cooperatives. The problem formulation in this research is the influence of location, service, and process to develop in KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah. And also affect the location, service, and process to develop in KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah.This research methodology uses quantitative. The method used to test and multiple regression analysis. Data processing techniques used by interviewing KSPS manager KUM3 Al Istiqomah and members of the cooperative as respondents by filling out the questionnaire. Respondents in this study are members of KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah faced by 68 people or members with the help of SPSS software to analyze data and payment of hypothesis.The result of the research shows that the location factor has no significant effect on the member decision of the cooperative to take the financing. However, for the factors and the liquefaction process is one of the most influential on the results of KSPS KUM3 Al Istiqomah. Keywords: service, financing disbursement, and member decisions.
A Likely Supermassive Black Hole Revealed by Its Einstein Radius in Hubble Frontier Fields Images
Authors: Chen Mandy C. , Broadhurst Tom , Lim Jeremy , Diego Jose M. , Ohyama Youichi , Ford Holland , Benítez Narciso 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
At cosmological distances, gravitational lensing can in principle provide direct mass measurements of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Here, we directly estimate the mass of a SMBH in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.54 using one of the multiply lensed images of a background spiral galaxy at z = 1.49 projected close to the BCG. A lensed arc is curved toward the BCG center, corresponding to an intrinsically compact region in one of the spiral arms. This arc has a radius of curvature of only ∼0.″6, betraying the presence of a local compact deflector. Its curvature is most simply reproduced by a point-like object with a mass of

, similar to SMBH masses in local elliptical galaxies having comparable luminosities. The SMBH is noticeably offset by 4.4 ± 0.3 kpc from the BCG light center, which is plausibly the result of a kick imparted ∼2.0 × 107 years ago during the merger of two SMBHs, placing it just beyond the stellar core. A similar curvature can be produced by replacing the offset SMBH with a compact galaxy having a mass of ∼2 × 1010
M
⊙ within a cutoff radius of <4 kpc, and an unusually large

to make it undetectable in the deep Hubble Frontiers Fields image, at or close to the cluster redshift. However, such a lensing galaxy perturbs the adjacent lensed images in an undesirable way.
Searching for the Lowest-metallicity Galaxies in the Local Universe
Authors: Hsyu Tiffany , Cooke Ryan J. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Bolte Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report a method of identifying candidate low-metallicity blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) imaging data, and present 3 m Lick Observatory and 10 m W.M. Keck Observatory optical spectroscopic observations of 94 new systems that have been discovered with this method. The candidate BCDs are selected from Data Release 12 (DR12) of SDSS on the basis of their photometric colors and morphologies. Using the Kast spectrometer on the 3 m telescope, we confirm that the candidate low-metallicity BCDs are emission-line galaxies, and we make metallicity estimates using the empirical R and S calibration methods. Follow-up observations on a subset of the lowest-metallicity systems are made at Keck using the Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, which allow for a direct measurement of the oxygen abundance. We determine that 45 of the reported BCDs are low-metallicity candidates with 12 + log(O/H) ≤ 7.65, including six systems which are either confirmed or projected to be among the lowest-metallicity galaxies known, at 1/30 of the solar oxygen abundance, or 12 + log(O/H) ∼ 7.20.
ZFOURGE: Using Composite Spectral Energy Distributions to Characterize Galaxy Populations at 1 < z < 4∗
Authors: Forrest Ben , Tran Kim-Vy H. , Broussard Adam , Cohn Jonathan H. , Kennicutt, Jr. Robert C. , Papovich Casey , Allen Rebecca , Cowley Michael , Glazebrook Karl , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Nanayakkara Themiya , Salmon Brett , Spitler Lee R. , Straatman Caroline M. S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We investigate the properties of galaxies as they shut off star formation over the 4 billion years surrounding peak cosmic star formation. To do this, we categorize ∼7000 galaxies from 1 < z < 4 into 90 groups based on the shape of their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and build composite SEDs with R ∼ 50 resolution. These composite SEDs show a variety of spectral shapes and also show trends in parameters such as color, mass, star formation rate, and emission-line equivalent width. Using emission-line equivalent widths and strength of the 4000 Å break,

, we categorize the composite SEDs into five classes: extreme emission line, star-forming, transitioning, post-starburst, and quiescent galaxies. The transitioning population of galaxies shows modest Hα emission (EWREST ∼ 40 Å) compared to more typical star-forming composite SEDs at log10(M/M
⊙) ∼ 10.5 (EWREST ∼ 80 Å). Together with their smaller sizes (3 kpc vs. 4 kpc) and higher Sérsic indices (2.7 vs. 1.5), this indicates that morphological changes initiate before the cessation of star formation. The transitional group shows a strong increase of over 1 dex in number density from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 1, similar to the growth in the quiescent population, while post-starburst galaxies become rarer at z ≲ 1.5. We calculate average quenching timescales of 1.6 Gyr at z ∼ 1.5 and 0.9 Gyr at z ∼ 2.5 and conclude that a fast-quenching mechanism producing post-starbursts dominated the quenching of galaxies at early times, while a slower process has become more common since z ∼ 2.
Progenitor Mass Distribution of Core-collapse Supernova Remnants in Our Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds Based on Elemental Abundances
Authors: Katsuda Satoru , Takiwaki Tomoya , Tominaga Nozomu , Moriya Takashi J. , Nakamura Ko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We investigate a progenitor mass distribution of core-collapse supernova remnants (CCSNRs) in our Galaxy and Large and Small Magellanic Clouds for the first time. We count the number of CCSNRs in three mass ranges divided by the zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) mass, M
ZAMS; A: M
ZAMS < 15 M
⊙, B: 15 M
⊙ < M
ZAMS < 22.5 M
⊙, C: M
ZAMS > 22.5 M
⊙. A simple compilation of progenitor masses in the literature yields a progenitor mass distribution of f
A : f
B : f
C = 0.27:0.27:0.46, where f is the number fraction of the progenitors. The distribution is inconsistent with any standard initial mass functions (IMFs). We notice, however, that previous mass estimates are subject to large systematic uncertainties because most of the relative abundances (X/Si) are not good probes for the progenitor masses. Instead, we rely only on the Fe/Si ratio, which is sensitive to the CO core mass (M
COcore) and M
ZAMS. Comparing Fe/Si ratios in SN remnants in the literature with the newest theoretical model, we estimate 33 M
COcore and M
ZAMS, leading to a revised progenitor mass distribution of f
A : f
B : f
C = 0.47:0.32:0.21. This is consistent with the standard Salpeter IMF. However, the relation between M
COcore and M
ZAMS could be affected by binary evolution, which is not taken into account in this study and should be considered in future work to derive a better progenitor mass distribution estimate.
A Study of the c-C3HD/c-C3H2 Ratio in Low-mass Star-forming Regions*
Authors: Chantzos J. , Spezzano S. , Caselli P. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Bizzocchi L. , Sipilä O. , Giuliano B. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We use the deuteration of c-C3H2 to probe the physical parameters of starless and protostellar cores, related to their evolutionary states, and compare it to the N2H+-deuteration in order to study possible differences between the deuteration of C- and N-bearing species. We observed the main species c-C3H2, the singly and doubly deuterated species c-C3HD and c-C3D2, as well as the isotopologue c-H13CC2H toward 10 starless cores and five protostars in the Taurus and Perseus complexes. We examined the correlation between the N(c-C3HD)/N(c-C3H2) ratio and the dust temperature along with the H2 column density and the CO depletion factor. The resulting N(c-C3HD)/N(c-C3H2) ratio is, within error bars, consistent with 10% in all starless cores with detected c-C3HD. This also accounts for the protostars except for the source HH211, where we measure a high deuteration level of 23%. The deuteration of N2H+ follows the same trend but is considerably higher in the dynamically evolved core L1544. We find no significant correlation between the deuteration of c-C3H2 and the CO depletion factor among the starless and protostellar cores. Toward the latter the coolest objects show the largest deuterium fraction in c-C3H2. We show that the deuteration of c-C3H2 can trace the early phases of star formation and is comparable to that of N2H+. However, the largest c-C3H2 deuteration level is found toward protostellar cores, suggesting that while c-C3H2 is mainly frozen onto dust grains in the central regions of starless cores, active deuteration is taking place on ice.
Quand le consommateur partage son avis en ligne : une approche comparative en hôtellerie et restauration. Le cas des seniors
Authors: Clauzel Amélie , Riché Caroline 
Published: August 2018

Le poids des seniors en économie touristique est grandissant. S’appuyant sur 923 avis en ligne de seniors à l’égard d’hôtels et restaurants, la recherche permet de souligner leurs critères prioritaires d’évaluation à l’égard d’un service : offre centrale, atmosphère de l’expérience et personnel en contact. Des effets d’âge apparaissent quant à la valence des commentaires, les plus jeunes seniors critiquant davantage le rapport qualité-prix et la propreté du lieu. Les plus âgés sont moins satisfaits à l’égard de l’emplacement, de l’ambiance et du personnel en contact. De nombreux enjeux managériaux émergent en matière de prestation de service notamment.