bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Running in highly cushioned shoes increases leg stiffness and amplifies impact loading
Authors: Kulmala Juha-Pekka , Kosonen Jukka , Nurminen Jussi , Avela Janne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRunning shoe cushioning has become a standard method for managing impact loading and consequent injuries due to running. However, despite decades of shoe technology developments and the fact that shoes have become increasingly cushioned, aimed to ease the impact on runners’ legs, running injuries have not decreased. To better understand the shoe cushioning paradox, we examined impact loading and the spring-like mechanics of running in a conventional control running shoe and a highly cushioned maximalist shoe at two training speeds, 10 and 14.5 km/h. We found that highly cushioned maximalist shoes alter spring-like running mechanics and amplify rather than attenuate impact loading. This surprising outcome was more pronounced at fast running speed (14.5 km/h), where ground reaction force impact peak and loading rate were 10.7% and 12.3% greater, respectively, in the maximalist shoe compared to the conventional shoe, whereas only a slightly higher impact peak (6.4%) was found at the 10 km/h speed with the maximalist shoe. We attribute the greater impact loading with the maximalist shoes to stiffer leg during landing compared to that of running with the conventional shoes. These discoveries may explain why shoes with more cushioning do not protect against impact-related running injuries.
Regulation of the Intranuclear Distribution of the Cockayne Syndrome Proteins
Authors: Iyama Teruaki , Okur Mustafa N. , Golato Tyler , McNeill Daniel R. , Lu Huiming , Hamilton Royce , Raja Aishwarya , Bohr Vilhelm A. , Wilson David M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCockayne syndrome (CS) is an inherited disorder that involves photosensitivity, developmental defects, progressive degeneration and characteristics of premature aging. Evidence indicates primarily nuclear roles for the major CS proteins, CSA and CSB, specifically in DNA repair and RNA transcription. We reveal herein a complex regulation of CSB targeting that involves three major consensus signals: NLS1 (aa467-481), which directs nuclear and nucleolar localization in cooperation with NoLS1 (aa302-341), and NLS2 (aa1038-1055), which seemingly optimizes nuclear enrichment. CSB localization to the nucleolus was also found to be important for full UVC resistance. CSA, which does not contain any obvious targeting sequences, was adversely affected (i.e. presumably destabilized) by any form of truncation. No inter-coordination between the subnuclear localization of CSA and CSB was observed, implying that this aspect does not underlie the clinical features of CS. The E3 ubiquitin ligase binding partner of CSA, DDB1, played an important role in CSA stability (as well as DDB2), and facilitated CSA association with chromatin following UV irradiation; yet did not affect CSB chromatin binding. We also observed that initial recruitment of CSB to DNA interstrand crosslinks is similar in the nucleoplasm and nucleolus, although final accumulation is greater in the former. Whereas assembly of CSB at sites of DNA damage in the nucleolus was not affected by RNA polymerase I inhibition, stable retention at these sites of presumed repair was abrogated. Our studies reveal a multi-faceted regulation of the intranuclear dynamics of CSA and CSB that plays a role in mediating their cellular functions.
The sickle cell trait affects contact dynamics and endothelial cell activation in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes
Authors: Lansche Christine , Dasanna Anil K. , Quadt Katharina , Fröhlich Benjamin , Missirlis Dimitris , Tétard Marilou , Gamain Benoit , Buchholz Bernd , Sanchez Cecilia P. , Tanaka Motomu , Schwarz Ulrich S. , Lanzer Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSickle cell trait, a common hereditary blood disorder, protects carriers from severe disease in infections with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Protection is associated with a reduced capacity of parasitized erythrocytes to cytoadhere to the microvascular endothelium and cause vaso-occlusive events. However, the underpinning cellular and biomechanical processes are only partly understood and the impact on endothelial cell activation is unclear. Here, we show, by combining quantitative flow chamber experiments with multiscale computer simulations of deformable cells in hydrodynamic flow, that parasitized erythrocytes containing the sickle cell haemoglobin displayed altered adhesion dynamics, resulting in restricted contact footprints on the endothelium. Main determinants were cell shape, knob density and membrane bending. As a consequence, the extent of endothelial cell activation was decreased. Our findings provide a quantitative understanding of how the sickle cell trait affects the dynamic cytoadhesion behavior of parasitized erythrocytes and, in turn, endothelial cell activation.
Identification of zones of increased permeability using numerical modelling of temperature distribution - an ISMOP case study
Authors: Dwornik Maciej , Franczyk Anna , Leśniak Andrzej 
Published: November 2018

The physical condition of earthen levees changes over time. Levee weakening can be caused by the leaching of fine grains of soil or by animal activity. Weakened areas can potentially cause destabilization or even collapse. Assessment of the physical condition of levees using GPR and geodetic measurements does not always correctly detect areas of increased permeability.Thermal anomalies, caused by existing zones of high permeability, are observed in levees during the transition of flood waves. They are generated by rapid infiltration of water with a different temperature than the temperature inside the levee. Therefore, inner thermal measurements may be used to detect places with higher permeability. This research was realized with 2D numerical modelling. Main aim was test possibility of using temperature sensors in weak zone detection. Test with different theoretical permeabilities proved that it is possible only in specific condition (i.e. thermal contrast). The geometry and geomechanical properties of the studied levee were taken from the ISMOP project (polish acronym: Computer system for monitoring river embankments).
Sustainable growth and strategies in the sea-faring industry
Authors: Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek Aneta , Czuba Tomasz , Czermański Ernest 
Published: November 2018

The sustainable growth policy is the main driving force behind changes taking place under the European Union’s common economic policy, particularly where this relates to transport policy. In the last decades, the sustainable growth policy has considerably expanded its reach as it has been implemented in various areas of economic and social life. Sustainable growth has also found its application in the sea-faring enterprises which are becoming increasingly aware of benefits to be gained through correlating their social commitment with their strategic goals. The drive towards promoting mutual trust and transparency both on the inside and outside is today becoming a way for these enterprises to achieve a competitive edge.
Despite voluntary action taken by businesses, including sea-faring ones, to build responsible relations with their stakeholders, the extent to which the ideas of sustainable growth are being applied in their formal operational strategies still leaves much to be desired.
The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of activity for sustainable growth seen in sea-faring companies operating in Poland. This article is based on a study of primary research including interviews with representatives of sea-faring enterprises and contains the authors’ own reflections on the subject. The research relates to action which the enterprises in question are taking to integrate their policies, strategies and operational plans with sustainable growth.
Economic Growth in the Euro Zone Countries and Other Member States of the European Union in the Years 2006 - 2017 - Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dobrowolski Krzysztof , Pawłowski Grzegorz 
Published: November 2018

The aim of the conducted research is to verify III hypotheses. Hypothesis I: changes in GDP and its components should demonstrate higher dynamics in the euro zone countries than in countries using national currencies, taking into account differences in their level of economic development. Hypothesis II: in countries that joined the euro zone during the period under examination, the analyzed indicators should demonstrate higher dynamics after the adoption of the common currency. Hypothesis III: the index of final consumption expenditure of general government should demonstrate lower dynamics in the euro zone countries and a decline in dynamics after the adoption of the euro in the countries that have done so during the period considered. Statistical material was analyzed. Data on GDP dynamics, investments, final consumption expenditure of households and non-profit institutions serving households (later referred to as: "final consumption expenditure"), final consumption expenditure of general government, export and import were used.
The research methods used were: the method of analysis and logical construction and a statistical one. The hypotheses tested were only partially confirmed.
Quantitative Analysis of Surgical Working Space During Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Davies Joel C. , Chan Harley H.L. , Yao Christopher M.K.L. , Cusimano Michael D. , Irish Jonathan C , Lee John M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objectives Selective dissection of intranasal anatomy may improve visualization and maneuverability at the skull base. We aimed to quantify the dimensions of working space and angles achieved following sequential removal of intranasal structures using an endoscopic transphenoidal approach to the skull base.
Methods Cone beam computed tomography scans of four cadaveric heads were obtained for registration of an optical tracking system. Each head was sequentially dissected: (1) sphenoidotomy and limited posterior septectomy, (2) unilateral partial middle turbinectomy, (3) bilateral partial middle turbinectomy, and (4) wide posterior septectomy. The maximal craniocaudal and mediolateral distance (mm) and angle (degrees) reached were calculated at the sphenoid face and sella. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests of statistical significance. The significance level was set at p  ≤  0.05.
Results A significant improvement in both dimensions of working space was observed with each stage of dissection at the level of the sphenoid face. Maximal working space was achieved following bilateral middle turbinectomy and wide posterior septectomy with a 38 and 29% increase in working space in the mediolateral and craniocaudal dimensions, respectively. The largest stepwise increase in working space was observed with unilateral middle turbinectomy (mediolateral: 24 ± 3 mm and craniocaudal: 20 ± 3 mm). A trend toward improved degrees of visualization was observed with each stage of dissection but was not statistically significant.
Conclusion Approaches to the skull base can be enhanced by selective unilateral/bilateral partial middle turbinectomy and posterior septectomy being performed to improve visualization and maximize surgical working freedom.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rate after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery via Middle Cranial Fossa Approach
Authors: Lipschitz Noga , Kohlberg Gavriel D. , Tawfik Kareem O. , Walters Zoe A. , Breen Joseph T. , Zuccarello Mario , Andaluz Norberto , Dinapoli Vincent A. , Pensak Myles L. , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: November 2018

Objective Evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rate after the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach to vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection.
Design Retrospective case series.
Setting Quaternary referral academic center.
Participants Of 161 patients undergoing the MCF approach for a variety of skull base pathologies, 66 patients underwent this approach for VS resection between 2007 and 2017.
Main Outcome Measure Postoperative CSF leak rate.
Results There were two instances of postoperative CSF leak (3.0%). Age, gender, and BMI were not significantly associated with CSF leak. In the two cases with CSF leakage, tumors were isolated to the internal auditory canal (IAC) and both underwent gross total resection. Both CSF leaks were successfully treated with lumbar drain diversion. For the 64 cases that did not have a CSF leak, 51 were isolated to the IAC, 1 was located only in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), and 12 were located in both the IAC and CPA. 62 patients underwent gross total resection and 2 underwent near-total resection. Mean maximal tumor diameter in the CSF leak group was 4.5 mm (range: 3–6 mm) versus 10.2 mm (range: 3–19 mm) in patients with no CSF leak (p = 0.03).
Conclusions The MCF approach for VS resection is a valuable technique that allows for hearing preservation and total tumor resection and can be performed with a low CSF leakage rate. This rate of CSF leak is less than the reported rates in the literature in regard to both translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid approaches.
Esophageal Diameters in Children Correlated to Body Weight
Authors: Bott Thomas Sebastian , von Kalle Thekla , Schilling Alexander , Diez Oliver Heinz , Besch Sarah , Mehlig Ulrike , Hetjens Svetlana , Wessel Lucas , Loff Steffan 
Published: November 2018

Introduction The development of stenoses after correction of an esophageal atresia or acid and lye burn of the esophagus are well-known problems in pediatric surgery. Currently, stenoses are treated in the majority of cases by repeated balloon dilatations. The diameter of the balloons used is not standardized; standard curves do not exist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus correlated to the body weight of the children as measured in upper gastrointestinal (GI) studies to answer the important question to what extent a stenosis should be dilated.
Materials and Methods Within the time period from 2011 through 2016, 60 patients with upper GI studies were selected. Evaluations were blinded to two different examiners. The diameters were measured under maximum contrast filling between the second and third rib (cranial point of measurement) and between the seventh and eighth rib (caudal point of measurement). For both, the anteroposterior and lateral aspect was examined. The diameter was calculated as the arithmetic average of both measurements within one level. The diameters were correlated to the weight of the children.
Results All children (n = 38) within the 3rd to 97th weight percentile were analyzed. Linear correlation and coefficients of 0.67 at the cranial point and 0.70 at the caudal point were found. Mean diameter at the cranial point of measurement was 6.75 mm at the lowest weight (2.6 kg) and 14 mm at 74 kg. Mean weight of these children (standard deviation [SD]) was 25.3 (18.8) kg and median age was 7 years. Within weight groups (0–10 kg; 10–20 kg; 20–35 kg; 35–50 kg; >50 kg), we calculated SD and two side tested critical 95% confidence interval for all measurements (n = 74).
Conclusion Although the variation in measurements is considerable, this evaluation gives a reliable hint to which extent esophageal stenoses should be dilated in relation to the body weight. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to evaluate the diameter of the esophagus in children in relation to the body weight.
Effective Graft Preservation by Following a Standard Protocol for the Treatment of Knee Joint Infection after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Otchwemah Robin , Naendrup Jan-Hendrik , Mattner Frauke , Tjardes Thorsten , Bäthis Holger , Shafizadeh Sven 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKnee joint infections constitute a rare but devastating complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We hypothesized that effective infection therapy and graft preservation is possible following a standard treatment protocol. We retrospectively analyzed all patients admitted to our center with suspected infection of the knee after ACL reconstruction between 2010 and 2012. Following a standardized protocol, blood samples were drawn and synovial fluid was analyzed. Furthermore, the protocol consisted of arthroscopic lavages and debridements of the anterior and posterior joint compartments over three incisions, and targeted antibiotic therapy over a period of 6 weeks. Surgeries were repeated every 2 days until clinical signs of infections resolved, but at least two times. Mean observation period was 10 months. Forty-one patients aged 31 ( ±  9.9) years and admitted 14 ( ±  7.5) days after ACL reconstruction were included. Pathogens were found in 34 patients and coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated most commonly (31 isolates in 28 patients). Quinolones were the most commonly used antibiotic agents. Mean number of operations was 3.8 ( ± 1.4). Following the standard protocol, primary successful infection treatment with graft preservation was possible in 37 of the included 41 patients. Graft preservation was achieved in 100% of the included patients with Gaechter stage 1 and 2 infections. Knee joint infection after ACL reconstruction was successfully treated following a standardized protocol, and graft preservation was reliably achieved especially in cases with infections at an early stage.
Adenosine Kinase Deficiency: Report and Review
Authors: Alhusani Alhanouf , Obaid Abdulrahman , Blom Henk , Wedell Anna , Alfadhel Majid 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdenosine kinase (ADK) deficiency (OMIM [online mendelian inheritance in man]: 614300) is an autosomal recessive disorder of adenosine and methionine metabolism, with a unique clinical phenotype, mainly involving the central nervous system and dysmorphic features. Patients usually present early in life with sepsis-like symptoms, respiratory difficulties, and neonatal jaundice. Subsequently, patients demonstrate hypotonia and global developmental delay. Biochemically, methionine is elevated with normal homocysteine levels and the diagnosis is confirmed through molecular analysis of the ADK gene. There is no curative treatment; however, a methionine-restricted diet has been tried with variable outcomes. Herein, we report a 4-year-old Saudi female with global developmental delay, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Interestingly, she has a tall stature, developmental dysplasia of the hip, optic nerve gliosis, and tigroid fundus. We found a mutation not reported previously and we compared the current case with previously reported cases. We alert clinicians to consider ADK deficiency in any neonate presenting with global developmental delay, hypotonia, dysmorphic features, and high methionine levels.
La rétro-traduction du récit de voyage : quels écueils et quelles stratégies ?
Authors: Al-zaum Abdulmalek 
Published: November 2018

Résumé
La question de la généricité du récit de voyage soulève bien des polémiques et fait l’objet de nombreuses études
littéraires, historiques et anthropologiques. Situé en réalité au carrefour de différents genres, le récit de voyage s’est
inscrit depuis sa naissance dans les traditions d’écriture littéraire. La complexité sémantique du terme "voyage" a en
effet contribué au développement de textes factuels, fictionnels ou fantastiques. Conçu toutefois comme l’une des
modalités de transmission des savoirs et des cultures, le récit de voyage présente à la traduction de nombreux écueils. En effet,
la prédominance des cultures étrangères, c’est-à-dire l’altérité, et les nombreux malentendus qui en découlent
donnent lieu, dans une certaine mesure, à des formes d’intraduisibilité. La traduction de l’altérité dans la
littérature de voyage, si elle n’est pas directe, constitue néanmoins une caractéristique majeure comme en témoignent les
composantes principales du récit : énoncés, métaphores, connotations, etc. Les relations de voyage comportent, en outre, des «
résidus » ou des traces de la culture source souvent qualifiées et regroupées sous le terme de realia. Protéiformes, ceux-ci
représentent la part de l’Autre dans le récit traduit et, en tant qu’éléments lexicultures du monde diégétique,
contribuent à créer un effet de distance ou de proximité dans le récit. A travers la traduction arabe du récit Une Française
Médecin au Yémen, le présente article soulève la question de la part de la culture de l'autre ainsi que les realia comme des
écueils de traduction auxquelles font face les traducteurs.
A taxonomy of manipulative operations in political discourse translation
Authors: Daghigh Ali Jalalian , Saleh Sanatifar Mohammad , Awang Rokiah 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Translation may not always be understood in the way the writer of the original text intended it to be. This is particularly true in political discourse translation in which the target text has to be re-contextualized and tailored to suit the ideologies, values and socio-political needs of the target community. In so doing, translators, more precisely trans-editors, consciously or unconsciously appeal to certain operations, thus manipulate the source text. Manipulation can be analyzed at a contextual and textual level. By adopting a micro perspective (textual) and inspired by critical discourse analysis, this study tends to propose a rather inclusive typology of such manipulative operations in Persian translation of English opinion articles. Four global manipulative strategies are identified that are linked to certain local techniques.
Textual transformation of an Arabic poem into an American rap song
Authors: Shehab Ekrema , Daragmeh Abdel Karim 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Arabic poetry and English rap are strikingly different products owing to the divergent language pairs and genre pairs. This study examines the nature and degree of change in translating the content of Arabic poetry into English rap. It studies three main content-based elements in the original Arabic poem and attempts to identify any changes in the target rap song in light of the conventional rap themes. The authors gathered study evidence from the translation of Nizar Qabbani’s famous poem “Qariat il-Finjan” into the rap song “Finjan” by the Syrian-American translator and rapper Omar Offendum. The data provides ample evidence that rendering Arabic poems into English rap songs can be achieved with a high level of success, yet with a considerable degree of adaptation to fit the target genre’s thematic conventions. The study points to how the considerable thematic adaptations fit into identity politics, youth culture and liberation theology which are distinctive features of the rap impulse.
Describing lexical patterns in simultaneously interpreted discourse in a parallel aligned corpus of Russian-English interpreting (SIREN)
Authors: Dayter Daria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper introduces a corpus of simultaneous interpretation, SIREN. SIREN is a parallel aligned bidirectional corpus of original and simultaneously interpreted speech in Russian and English. At the moment the corpus contains 235,040 words and is enriched with POS and shallow syntactic annotation.After outlining the corpus design, I used scores for lexical variety, density and POS proportionalities to make tentative claims about the linguistic variation between originals and interpretations. Low lexical variety and density are taken as indicators of simplification, while a higher ratio of nominal to pronominal reference is seen as an indicator of explicitation. Atypical wordclass distribution indicates the source language shining through. Somewhat contradictory results, with the Russian subcorpus conforming to the predictions of translation theory and the English subcorpus exhibiting the opposite trend in all universals but still shining through, invites further investigation of the data and once again puts into question unequivocal claims about T-universals.