bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic segmentation, classification, and prediction of pelvic bone tumors using deep learning techniques
Authors: Shouman Mona , Rahouma Kamel Hussein , Hamed Hesham F. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMRI and CT images are widely utilized for detecting tumors in internal organs. However, accurately distinguishing tumors using these images only, poses a challenge. This demands human expertise to effectively mark tumors in a given MRI or CT image, which is time-consuming. In this study, MONAI Label and MONAI Dynamic U-Net (DynU-Net) were used to segment tumors in any given 3D CT image of the pelvic bone, aiming to assist radiologists further. This method helps to run the model without needing a GPU which is better than traditional approaches. In addition, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to classify the tumors as benign or malignant and to predict three grades of tumors (low, medium, and high). The use of CNN in classification and prediction gives higher results than other studies. A dataset of 178 3D CT picture images was employed to feed the networks with the help of Adam optimizer and Categorical cross-entropy. We employ a set of 3D CT scans because of their greater contrast and spatial resolution which is better used for pelvic bone tumors. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD) have been used to perform calculations in segmentation. The results show a DSC of 0.7660280 and an HD of 16.75480. A range of performance metrics, such as sensitivity, specification, and F1-score for classification and prediction methods, are used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed system. The system has accuracy (99.4%) for classification and (97.8%) for prediction. These findings indicate that MONAI Label is effective for automatic segmentation of tumors in a given CT scan; with high accuracy. Moreover, CNN is useful for classification and prediction systems with high accuracy. However, achieving better results is possible with an abundance of training samples.
Metabolic Impacts of Oral Contraceptives A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Zagórski Karol , Skalska-Dziobek Nina , Kozik Mateusz , Małagocka Weronika , Chybowska Karolina , Orłowski Mateusz , Naruszewicz Maria , Midro Aleksandra , Cetnarowski Przemysław 
Published: November 2024

Introduction and objective: Oral hormonal contraception (COC) is a highly popular, as well as extensive group of medications. A significant impact of chronic COC therapy on parameters of lipid metabolism, carbohydrates, binding globulins, coagulation system and body weight of patients has been proven. Given the continuously increasing number of women using COC, initiating therapy at progressively younger ages it is reasonable to investigate the impact of individual medications on patients’ organisms completing knowledge with conclusions from newly conducted research, as well as the influence of new types of drugs on the studied indicators.
Material and method: The literature was reviewed in the Pubmed database, GoogleScholar, the positions of the Polish gynecological society with the use of keywords.
State of knowledge: The use of COC is widespread among women. According to the citied studies, over 80% of premenopausal women have declared using oral contraceptives. Typically, COCs consist of a combination of estrogen and progestin components, offering various possible combinations and dosing regimens. Despite their high efficacy in preventing pregnancy, their impact on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as consequences remains incompletely understood. Older generations of progestins, due to their similarity to testosterone, can cause negative androgenic effects, while more recent progestins are expected to be neutral.
Summary: Each type of therapy is characterized by individual impact on the patients’ organism, however, the majority of progestins affect the increase of triglycerides, HDL and have ambiguous effect on LDL. COC has a limited influence on BMI, carbohydrate metabolism, coagulation system and glycemia.
Impact of Physical Activity on Digestive System Diseases
Authors: Zabawa Bartłomiej , Sadowski Jakub , Mól Piotr , Papież Łukasz Stanisław , Dołęga Julia , Krzykawski Karol , Maciejczyk Tomasz , Sieńko Antoni , Łabuś Małgorzata , Hudzińska Patrycja 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Digestive system diseases, including IBD, and GERD, are prevalent health concerns worldwide. Physical activity, widely acknowledged for its health benefits, has emerged as a promising area of research for its potential in mitigating symptoms and influencing risk factors associated with digestive system diseases. This study aims to critically assess existing evidence on the role of physical activity in the prevention, symptom management, and progression of prevalent digestive disorders.
Materials and Methods: A systematic review of pertinent studies was conducted through comprehensive searches in databases including PubMed, NCBI and Google Scholar. The data were sourced from clinical and experimental studies, evaluated for methodological rigor, participant characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes.
State of knowledge: The analysis demonstrated that physical activity can exert beneficial effects on digestive health through mechanisms such as enhanced gut motility, reduced inflammation, and increased microbiota diversity. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was associated with reduced risk and symptom improvement in patients with IBS and IBD, while high-intensity exercise showed variable effects, with potential symptom exacerbation in certain cases. Additionally, exercise correlated with a lower incidence of GERD, likely due to benefits in weight management. Despite these positive associations, inconsistencies in study design and exercise protocols underscore the need for standardized guidelines on physical activity tailored to specific digestive conditions.
Conclusions: Physical activity appears to play a beneficial role in managing and potentially preventing certain digestive system diseases. While moderate exercise shows promise in symptom alleviation and risk reduction, further research is necessary to establish clear, condition-specific exercise recommendations.
The Reform Path of Physical Education Curriculum in Chinese Basic Education
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Shaojie , Fu Yao , Xiang Jinbo , Chen Qiuyi 
Published: November 2024

This research takes the path of PE curriculum reform in basic education as the research object, and makes a profound analysis of the present situation of PE curriculum reform in basic education by the method of literature. The research shows that there are four problems in the current PE curriculum reform of basic education in China: the theoretical basis fails to reach consensus, the PE teaching conditions do not meet the development needs of PE curriculum reform, the concept and importance of the leadership in charge of PE curriculum reform is not high, and the lack of vertical promotion mechanism in the implementation of PE curriculum. The research value lies in: On the basis of inheriting and learning from, we should carry out the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the fundamental task of cultivating morality and educating people, and do a good job of education that satisfies the people. We should reposition and innovate the concept, system, teaching method and course content of physical education curriculum in our current schools, and consider the direction of physical education curriculum reform and optimization in our basic education schools. Let the students get physical and mental health, social skills and sports morality in the physical education classroom and life.
Contrast-induced nephropathy - prevention and treatment
Authors: Bajak Mateusz , Słowik Julia , Zapasek Daniel , Szczepański Michał , Mamczur Maciej , Feret Dominik Maciej , Inglot Jadwiga , Inglot Julia , Kuliga Marcin , Sowa Damian , Widawska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

Introduction and purpose: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is kidney damage that can occur after the administration of contrast agents used in medical imaging procedures like angiography and CT scans. The exact mechanism is not fully understood but is believed to involve direct toxic effects, changes in kidney blood flow, and inflammation. Diagnosis is based on increased serum creatinine levels after contrast exposure. CIN poses challenges due to the rising use of contrast imaging, an aging population, and the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension. The Aim of this article is to summarize information on how to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy. Review of medications and pre-procedural screening and monitoring helpful to lower risk of CIN.
State of knowledge: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a form of kidney damage that may occur following the administration of contrast agents used in medical imaging procedures. The exact mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including the direct toxic effects of the contrast agent on kidney cells, changes in blood flow to the kidneys, and the body's inflammatory response, direct effect of oxygen free radicals. The diagnosis of CIN is typically based on an increase in serum creatinine levels within a certain time frame after the administration of the contrast agent. According to European guidelines, the definition of CIN is increased creatinine level in serum by 25% from baseline or creatinine total level in serum increased by 0.5 mg/dL (44 µmol/L) 48-72h after contrast media administration.
Material and methods. A review of the available literature of PubMed database from 1992 – 2024.
Cardiovascular effects of air pollution
Authors: Niekurzak Rafał , Targońska Marta , Targoński Oskar , Buczek Agnieszka , Ptasiński Aleksander , Suława Adrian , Basiak Aneta , Furgalska Julia , Fedorowicz Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Purpose:
Most cardiovascular problems are related to hypertension. Arterial hypertension is a persistent increase in blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or more. Hypertension usually does not cause symptoms for many years and if the blood pressure value is not regularly monitored, it is detected when complications occur in various organs (e.g. heart, kidneys, brain). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of air pollution on Cardiovascular effects. The article was based on the PubMed database.
State of Knowledge:
There are many factors that negatively affect the cardiovascular system (smoking, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle). Most of them can be corrected individually. Air pollution is such an example. Studies have been performed in many polluted cities around the world to investigate the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Researchers found this to have a negative impact.
Summary:
This review describes what air pollution is in terms of particle size and their origin. Even though these particles enter the body through the respiratory tract, they can do just as much damage to the cardiovascular system and, based on some studies, even greater damage. At the end of the article, the focus is on personal and collective protection against air pollution.

Keywords: Particulate matter, Air pollution, Cardiovascular disease, environment, ,blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, morbidity.
Tight Bounds for Secretary Matching in General Graphs
Authors: Ezra Tomer , Feldman Michal , Gravin Nikolai , Tang Zhihao (Gavin) 
Published: November 2024

Online algorithms for secretary matching in bipartite weighted graphs have been studied extensively in recent years. We generalize this study to secretary matching in general weighted graphs. In our model, vertices arrive online in a uniformly random order; upon the arrival of a vertex v, the weights of edges from v to all previously arriving vertices are revealed, and the algorithm decides which of these edges, if any, to include in the matching. We provide a tight 5/12-competitive algorithm for this setting. Interestingly, it outperforms the best possible algorithm for secretary matching in bipartite graphs with one-sided arrival, which cannot be better than 1/e-competitive. Funding: The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [Grant 61932002]. The work of M. Feldman was partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [Grant 866132] and by the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 317/17]. Z. (G.) Tang and N. Gravin are partially supported by the Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research of Computation and Economics (Shanghai University of Finance and Economics), Ministry of Education. N. Gravin is also supported by the NSFC [Grant 62150610500]. T. Ezra is supported by the Harvard University Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications.
Insulin-induced severe thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: A case report
Authors: Wang Yan-Li , Li Jian 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is an endocrine emergency caused by thyrotoxicosis, manifesting mainly as periodic myasthenia and hypokalemia, and posing a serious threat to the patient's health. Fatigue, strenuous exercise, alcohol abuse, high carbohydrate intake and insulin injections are common triggers of paralysis. This article reports a case of severe TPP induced by insulin injection, elucidates the characteristics and pathogenesis of the disease, analyses the risk factors for triggering TPP, and hopefully provides more clinical data for TPP patients.
CASE SUMMARY
A 38-year-old Asian man presented to the emergency department with a one-week history of limb weakness and worsening half-day. His medical history included poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and he had been switched to Aspart50 a week earlier. He was alert and oriented with upper extremity strength grade 3 and lower extremity strength grade 1. Emergency department tests showed hypokalemia of 1.6 mmol/L. The paramedics administered 1.5 g of potassium intravenously, followed by 4.0 g orally. Weakness in the arms and legs improved. He was referred to endocrinology where he was diagnosed with Graves' disease, with suboptimal control and insulin injections possibly causing TPP. We stopped his insulin and he was discharged with a potassium level of 4.0 mmol/L.
CONCLUSION
Insulin is a trigger for TPP and should be avoided in patients with hyperthyroidism. Early recognition and treatment of TPP is crucial, especially in patients presenting with hypokalemic periodic paralysis.
Mesenteric ischemia with intrasplenic gas: A case report
Authors: Tsang Hsiang-Yu , Yong Chee-Chien , Wang Hao-Ping 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening disease. Intrasplenic gas is an extremely rare finding in such cases.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a case of a 79-year-old woman with a history of end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis for approximately 20 years, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation who presented with two days of epigastric pain. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed intraperitoneal free air and significant intrasplenic gas. Laparoscopy revealed diffuse intestinal gangrene, and acute superior mesenteric ischemia was diagnosed. The patient died within 24 hours owing to profound shock.
CONCLUSION
Intrasplenic gas is an extremely rare finding on computed tomography imaging in cases of acute mesenteric ischemia.
Internal hernia as a rare cause of small bowel obstruction: An insight from 13 years of experience
Authors: Kaw Payal , Behari Anu , Sharma Supriya , Kumar Ashok , Singh Rajneesh K 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Internal hernia (IH) is a rare culprit of small bowel obstruction (SBO) with an incidence of < 1%. It poses a considerable diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of suspicion to prevent misdiagnosis, improper treatment, and subsequent morbidity and mortality.
AIM
To determine the clinico-demographic profile, radiological and operative findings, and postoperative course of patients with IH and its association with SBO.
METHODS
Medical records of 586 patients with features of SBO presenting at a tertiary care centre at Lucknow, India between September 2010 and August 2023 were reviewed.
RESULTS
Out of 586 patients, 7 (1.2%) were diagnosed with IH. Among these, 4 had congenital IH and 3 had acquired IH. The male-to-female ratio was 4:3. The median age at presentation was 32 years. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was the most reliable investigation for preoperative identification, demonstrating mesenteric whirling and clumped-up bowel loops. Left paraduodenal hernia and transmesenteric hernia occurred with an equal frequency (approximately 43% each). Intraoperatively, one patient was found to have bowel ischemia and one had associated malrotation of gut. During follow-up, no recurrences were reported.
CONCLUSION
IH, being a rare cause, must be considered as a differential diagnosis for SBO, especially in young patients in their 30s or with unexplained abdominal pain or discomfort post-surgery. A rapid imaging evaluation, preferably with CECT, is necessary to aid in an early diagnosis and prompt intervention, thereby reducing financial burden related to unnecessary investigations and preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with closed-loop obstruction and strangulation of the bowel.
Impact of time between meniscal injury and isolated meniscus repair on post-operative outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Javid Kashif , Akins Xavier , Lemaster Nicole G , Ahmad Amer , Stone Austin V 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Meniscal tears are one of the most common knee injuries. After the diagnosis of a meniscal tear has been made, there are several factors physicians use to guide clinical decision-making. The influence of time between injury and isolated meniscus repair on patient outcomes is not well described. Assessing this relationship is important as it may influence clinical decision-making and can add to the preoperative patient education process. We hypothesized that increasing the time from injury to meniscus surgery would worsen postoperative outcomes.
AIM
To investigate the current literature for data on the relationship between time between meniscus injury and repair on patient outcomes.
METHODS
PubMed, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched for studies published between January 1, 1995 and July 13, 2023 on isolated meniscus repair. Exclusion criteria included concomitant ligament surgery, incomplete outcomes or time to surgery data, and meniscectomies. Patient demographics, time to injury, and postoperative outcomes from each study were abstracted and analyzed.
RESULTS
Five studies met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 204 (121 male, 83 female) patients included. Three of five (60%) studies determined that time between injury and surgery was not statistically significant for postoperative Lysholm scores (P = 0.62), Tegner scores (P = 0.46), failure rate (P = 0.45, P = 0.86), and International Knee Documentation Committee scores (P = 0.65). Two of five (40%) studies found a statistically significant increase in Lysholm scores with shorter time to surgery (P = 0.03) and a statistically significant association between progression of medial meniscus extrusion ratio (P = 0.01) and increasing time to surgery.
CONCLUSION
Our results do not support the hypothesis that increased time from injury to isolated meniscus surgery worsens postoperative outcomes. Decision-making primarily based on injury interval is thus not recommended.
Prognostic impact of hypernatremia for septic shock patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Shi Mai-Qing , Chen Jun , Ji Fu-Hai , Zhou Hao , Peng Ke , Wang Jun , Fan Chun-Lei , Wang Xu , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Hypernatremia represents a significant electrolyte imbalance associated with numerous adverse outcomes, particularly in cases of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired hypernatremia (IAH). Nevertheless, its relevance in patients with septic shock remains uncertain.
AIM
To identify independent risk factors and their predictive efficacy for IAH to improve outcomes in patients with septic shock.
METHODS
In the present retrospective single-center study, a cohort of 157 septic shock patients with concurrent hypernatremia in the ICU at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, between August 1, 2018, and May 31, 2023, were analyzed. Patients were categorized based on the timing of hypernatremia occurrence into the IAH group (n = 62), the non-IAH group (n = 41), and the normonatremia group (n = 54).
RESULTS
In the present study, there was a significant association between the high serum sodium concentrations, excessive persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome and chronic critical illness, while rapid recovery had an apparent association with normonatremia. Moreover, multivariable analyses revealed the following independent risk factors for IAH: Total urinary output over the preceding three days [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.02–1.17; P = 0.014], enteral nutrition (EN) sodium content of 500 mg (OR = 2.93; 95%CI: 1.13–7.60; P = 0.027), and EN sodium content of 670 mg (OR = 6.19; 95%CI: 1.75–21.98; P = 0.005) were positively correlated with the development of IAH. Notably, the area under the curve for total urinary output over the preceding three days was 0.800 (95%CI: 0.678–0.922, P = 0.001). Furthermore, maximum serum sodium levels, the duration of hypernatremia, and varying sodium correction rates were significantly associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality in septic shock patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The present findings illustrate that elevated serum sodium level was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in septic shock patients in the ICU. It is highly recommended that hypernatremia be considered a potentially important prognostic indicator for the outcome of septic shock.
Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation–Facilitated Large-Bore Catheter Embolectomy in the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Complicated by Shock
Authors: Glazier Hugh A , Kaki Amir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article reports the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a saddle pulmonary embolus complicated by normotensive cardiogenic shock. The patient was first stabilized with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Then, while the patient was still on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thrombectomy with a large-bore catheter device was performed that resulted in a large decrease in pulmonary artery pressures and a clinically significant increase in cardiac index, with rapid clinical improvement. Complete recovery of the patient's cardiopulmonary status has been maintained at intermediate-term follow-up. This treatment strategy should be considered favorably in the treatment of patients presenting with pulmonary embolism complicated by cardiogenic shock.
Existence and regularity for a p-Laplacian problem in ℝ
N
with singular, convective, and critical reaction
Authors: Baldelli Laura , Guarnotta Umberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We prove an existence result for a p-Laplacian problem set in the whole Euclidean space and exhibiting a critical term perturbed by a singular, convective reaction. The approach used combines variational methods, truncation techniques, and concentration compactness arguments, together with set-valued analysis and fixed point theory. De Giorgi’s technique, a priori gradient estimates, and nonlinear regularity theory are employed to obtain local

C

1
,
α

{C}^{1,\alpha }

regularity of solutions, as well as their pointwise decay at infinity. The result is new even in the non-singular case, also for the Laplacian.