bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrategia, estructura y redes sociales, el caso de algodonera Flandria (1924-1950)
Authors: Barbero María Inés 
Published: March 2018

El presente trabajo analiza el caso de la empresa textil Algodonera Flandria entre las décadas de 1920 y de 1950, enfocándose en el estudio de las estrategias de la firma, de su evolución económica y de las características de su gestión. Se trata de una empresa industrial que a fines de los años veinte se instaló en un área rural, alrededor de la cual fueron desarrollándose núcleos urbanos habitados por los trabajadores de la firma. La gestión empresarial se caracterizó por una fuerte orientación paternalista, fundada en los principios del catolicismo social como fueron enunciados desde fines del siglo XIX. Desde este punto de vista, constituye un caso con rasgos originales, no sólo por las dimensiones extraeconómicas del proyecto empresarial, sino porque en cierta medida se confunden en una historia de la empresa y la historia de los pueblos circundantes.
O debate sobre a desigualdade de renda no Brasil: da controvérsia dos anos 70 ao pensamento hegemônico nos anos 90
Authors: Gandra Rodrigo Mendes 
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal delinear a História do Pensamento Econômico Brasileiro sobre a desigualdade de renda no Brasil a partir da década de 60. Em primeiro lugar, faz-se uma análise do debate sobre as causas do aumento da desigualdade de renda brasileira na década de 60 (que ficou conhecido como a "Controvérsia de 70"). Após isto, faz-se uma análise dos argumentos dos economistas contemporâneos (da década de 90) sobre as causas da elevada e estável desigualdade de renda no Brasil. Finalmente, compara-se os dois períodos de pensamento para se saber como o debate tem evoluído.
Wal-Mart e sua estratégia para o varejo norte-americano e internacional
Authors: Costa Armando João Dalla 
Published: March 2018

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar a história da Wal-Mart, empresa que iniciou suas atividades em Bentonville, pequena vila do sudoeste norte-americano, e acompanhar sua evolução e importância para o desenvolvimento do varejo. Outro aspecto estudado é a participação do fundador da empresa, assim como o dos sucessores. Neste caso, para garantir a sua continuidade, Sam Walton organizou a firma de tal modo que os herdeiros pudessem ocupar os principais postos de comando no Conselho de Administração, enquanto a direção executiva da empresa fosse gerida por executivos profissionais. O texto destaca ainda o planejamento feito pelos diretores para elaborar um plano estratégico de expansão no sentido de ocupar os mercados americano, asiático e europeu. Para continuar sua trajetória de crescimento a firma buscará ser competitiva tanto no mercado interno norte-americano como ocupar cerca de vinte países mais significativos no mundo.
Padrões de riqueza no Sudeste do Brasil, 1815-1860
Authors: Frank Zephyr 
Published: March 2018

O Oitocentos, especialmente antes da década de 1880, são vistos como um período de crescimento lento ou de estagnação de boa parte da economia brasileira. Ao longo das últimas três décadas, tal interpretação vem sendo revista por estudiosos da História Econômica, em particular com relação ao Sudeste. Este artigo utiliza inventários post mortem e outras fontes quantitativas para detectar se houve ou não crescimento real da riqueza em três localidades do Sudeste: a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a região do Rio das Mortes, nas Minas Gerais, e a cidade de São Paulo. A evidência indica que o nível de riqueza real era mais alto à época da independência e aumentava mais rapidamente que admitiam os estudos tradicionais, focados na estagnação econômica da primeira metade do século XIX. Concomitantemente, a desigualdade econômica também aumentou. Incluíam-se entre as fontes do crescimento o melhoramento das instituições econômicas, um grande mercado de crédito informal e o incremento da demanda centrada nas cidades e centros urbanos menores.
Caracterización de suelos cultivados con amaranto y algunos aspectos agronómicos de la planta
Authors: Hernández Acosta Elizabeth , García Gallegos Elizabeth , Ramírez Téllez José Luis 
Published: March 2018

En el estado de Tlaxcala se produce y consume amaranto, por lo que es importante estudiar sus aspectos agronómicos y las propiedades del suelo donde crece. Para cumplir con este objetivo, en este trabajo, se seleccionaron tres sitios pertenecientes al municipio de Nativitas, Tlaxcala, en el ciclo 2009-2010, donde antes de la siembra se aplica estiércol de bovino. Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos y su contenido nutrimental. En planta, se determinó la biomasa aérea, el rendimiento de semilla, la altura de planta, el contenido nutrimental y la actividad fotosintética, a través de la cuantificación de clorofila. Los resultados mostraron que los suelos tienen deficiencias de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, bajo contenido de materia orgánica, pocos sitios de intercambio, bajo contenido de sales y un pH moderadamente ácido. En planta, la concentración de nitrógeno en las hojas fue crítica, en los tres sitios evaluados; los niveles de fosforo y potasio se presentaron en un grado de suficiencia. El Sitio 1 presentó la mayor altura de planta, biomasa aérea y rendimiento de semilla. Se tuvieron correlaciones significativas y positivas entre la capacidad de intercambio catiónico y el rendimiento de semilla, entre la biomasa aérea con el contenido de limo y arcilla, así como la altura de planta con la biomasa aérea y rendimiento de semilla. El contenido de clorofila no fue estadísticamente significativo entre los sitios, pero las correlaciones entre clorofila a y concentración de nitrógeno y clorofila b con los niveles de potasio fueron significativas.
Construciones de juventud, prácticas democráticas y vinculos intergeneracionales en el escultismo católico contemporáneo de Argentina
Authors: Soledad Fernández Natalia 
Published: March 2018

Objetivos: comprender la participación de jóvenes en Scouts de Argentina Asociación Civil (SAAC) para focalizar las construcciones de juventud, las prácticas democráticas y los vínculos generacionales entre jóvenes y adultos.Metodología: estudio cualitativo de tipo descriptivo basado en observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad y análisis de archivos. Se realizó trabajo de campo y estadía intensiva en grupos y eventos de scouts del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina.Resultados: en SAAC la juventud está asociada con la posibilidad de transformación del presente y la orientación hacia el futuro. Las prácticas democráticas son capitalizadas por sus miembros para la toma de decisiones sobre aspectos relevantes para la institución y la comunidad local. Las tensiones identificadas en los vinculos intergeneracionales jóvenes/adultos indican la articulación entre generaciones herederas del escultismos argentino fundante y de nuevas generaciones de jóvenes y adultos conformadas entre los años 1980 y 2000. La actual vigencia del escultismo católico argentino evidencia una constante trasformación de sus estructuras institucionales, de una compleja composición de actores involucrados y de configuraciones institucionales sobre lo juvenil.Conclusiones: las prácticas demoráticas implementadas en SAAC permitieron revisar definiciones institucionales sobre las juventudes y ampliar su campo de acción. Es pertinente, entonces, adoptar una perspectiva holista que considere la convivencia e interacción (conflictiva, conciliadora y negociadora) entre distintas generaciones de scouts y que permitan dar cuenta de la complejidad, las continuidades y las transformaciones producidas una institución habitada por jóvenes y adultos.
Surgical outcome of motor deficits and neurological status in brainstem cavernous malformations based on preoperative diffusion tensor imaging: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Da , Jiao Yu-Ming , Wang Liang , Lin Fu-Xin , Wu Jun , Tong Xian-Zeng , Wang Shuo , Cao Yong 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVESurgical management of brainstem lesions is challenging due to the highly compact, eloquent anatomy of the brainstem. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in brainstem cavernous malformations (CMs).METHODSA prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was performed by using stratified blocked randomization. The primary eligibility criterion of the study was being a surgical candidate for brainstem CMs (with informed consent). The study enrolled 23 patients who underwent preoperative DTI/DTT and 24 patients who did not (the control group). The pre- and postoperative muscle strength of both limbs and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were evaluated. Muscle strength of any limb at 12 months after surgery at the clinic visit was the primary outcome; worsened muscle strength was considered to be a poor outcome. Outcome assessors were blinded to patient management. This study reports the preliminary results of the interim analysis.RESULTSThe cohort included 47 patients (22 women) with a mean age of 35.7 years. The clinical baselines between these 2 groups were not significantly different. In the DTI/DTT group, the corticospinal tract was affected in 17 patients (73.9%): it was displaced, deformed/partially interrupted, or completely interrupted in 6, 7, and 4 patients, respectively. The surgical approach and brainstem entry point were adjusted in 3 patients (13.0%) based on DTI/DTT data. The surgical morbidity of the DTI/DTT group (7/23, 30.4%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (19/24, 79.2%, p = 0.001). At 12 months, the mean mRS score (1.1, p = 0.034) and percentage of patients with worsened motor deficits (4.3%, p = 0.006) were significantly lower in the DTI/DTT group than in the control group (1.7% and 37.5%). Multivariate logistic regression identified the absence of preoperative DTI/DTT (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.73, p = 0.028) and use of the 2-point method (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.38–12.49, p = 0.011) as independent adverse factors for a worsened motor deficit. The multivariate model found a significant correlation between poor mRS score and both an increased preoperative mRS score (t = 3.559, p = 0.001) and absence of preoperative DTI/DTT (t = −2.747, p = 0.009).CONCLUSIONSDTI/DTT noninvasively allowed for visualization of the anatomical relationship between vital tracts and pathologies as well as facilitated the brainstem surgical approach and entry-point decision making. The technique was valuable for complex neurosurgical planning to reduce morbidity. Nonetheless, DTI/DTT data should be interpreted cautiously.■ CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Type of question: therapeutic; study design: randomized controlled trial; evidence: class I.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01758211 (ClinicalTrials.gov)
Evaluate of the effect of low tube voltage on the radiation dosage using 640-slice coronary CT angiography
Authors: Liu Shihe , Fu Qing , Yu Hualong , Zhang Chuanyu , Yang Qing , Hu Yabin , Xu Wenjian 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: 640-slice coronary CT angiography is becoming an accurate and reliable method of diagnosing coronary heart disease. However, how to reduce the radiation dosage while ensuring the clinically acceptable image quality remains a quite challenging issue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of low tube voltage on radiation dosage under 640-slice coronary CT angiography (CCTA). METHODS: Four hundred patients (236 males, 164 females) with coronary heart disease and underwent CCTA using DCVT were classified into A1 (tube voltage: 120 kV; exposure phase window: 30–80%), B1 (120 kV; 70–80%), A2 (100 kV; 30–80%) and B2 group (100 kV; 70–80%), respectively. Image qualities and effective dose (ED) were assessed and compared. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of age, height, weight and body mass index (BMI) ( P > 0.05). ED were significantly lower in 100 kV group ( P < 0.05). CT values of coronary artery in 100 kV groups were 13.5% and 17.3% higher than 120 kV group. ED in B1 group were 64.5% and 67.0% lower than A1 group. ED in B2 group were 65.4% and 65.2% lower than A2 group. CONCLUSION: When using a 640-slice CCTA prospective ECG-gating scanning mode, it is preferable to use a 100 kV tube voltage setting because compared to 120 kV tube voltage protocol, it seems to significantly decrease the mean effective radiation dose, without significantly lowering both the subjective and objective image quality.
l0 regularization based on a prior image incorporated non-local means for limited-angle X-ray CT reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Zeng Li , Guo Yumeng 
Published: March 2018

PURPOSES: Restricted by the scanning environment in some CT imaging modalities, the acquired projection data are usually incomplete, which may lead to a limited-angle reconstruction problem. Thus, image quality usually suffers from the slope artifacts. The objective of this study is to first investigate the distorted domains of the reconstructed images which encounter the slope artifacts and then present a new iterative reconstruction method to address the limited-angle X-ray CT reconstruction problem. METHODS: The presented framework of new method exploits the structural similarity between the prior image and the reconstructed image aiming to compensate the distorted edges. Specifically, the new method utilizes l0 regularization and wavelet tight framelets to suppress the slope artifacts and pursue the sparsity. New method includes following 4 steps to (1) address the data fidelity using SART; (2) compensate for the slope artifacts due to the missed projection data using the prior image and modified nonlocal means (PNLM); (3) utilize l0 regularization to suppress the slope artifacts and pursue the sparsity of wavelet coefficients of the transformed image by using iterative hard thresholding (l0W); and (4) apply an inverse wavelet transform to reconstruct image. In summary, this method is referred to as “l0W-PNLM”. RESULTS: Numerical implementations showed that the presented l0W-PNLM was superior to suppress the slope artifacts while preserving the edges of some features as compared to the commercial and other popular investigative algorithms. When the image to be reconstructed is inconsistent with the prior image, the new method can avoid or minimize the distorted edges in the reconstructed images. Quantitative assessments also showed that applying the new method obtained the highest image quality comparing to the existing algorithms. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the presented l0W-PNLM yielded higher image quality due to a number of unique characteristics, which include that (1) it utilizes the structural similarity between the reconstructed image and prior image to modify the distorted edges by slope artifacts; (2) it adopts wavelet tight frames to obtain the first and high derivative in several directions and levels; and (3) it takes advantage of l0 regularization to promote the sparsity of wavelet coefficients, which is effective for the inhibition of the slope artifacts. Therefore, the new method can address the limited-angle CT reconstruction problem effectively and have practical significance.
The Longitudinal Evolution of Equatorial Coronal Holes
Authors: Krista Larisza D. , McIntosh Scott W. , Leamon Robert J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In 2011, three satellites—the Solar-Terrestrial RElations Observatory A & B, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)—were in a unique spatial alignment that allowed a 360° view of the Sun. This alignment lasted until 2014, the peak of solar cycle 24. Using extreme ultraviolet images and Hovmöller diagrams, we studied the lifetimes and propagation characteristics of coronal holes (CHs) in longitude over several solar rotations. Our initial results show at least three distinct populations of “low-latitude” or “equatorial” CHs (below

latitude). One population rotates in retrograde direction and coincides with a group of long-lived (over sixty days) CHs in each hemisphere. These are typically located between 30° and

, and display velocities of ∼55 m s−1 slower than the local differential rotation rate. A second, smaller population of CHs rotate prograde, with velocities between ∼20 and 45 m s−1. This population is also long-lived, but observed ±10° from the solar equator. A third population of CHs are short-lived (less than two solar rotations), and they appear over a wide range of latitudes (±65°) and exhibit velocities between −140 and 80 m s−1. The CH “butterfly diagram” we developed shows a systematic evolution of the longer-lived holes; however, the sample is too short in time to draw conclusions about possible connections to dynamo-related phenomena. An extension of the present work to the 22 years of the combined SOHO–SDO archives is necessary to understand the contribution of CHs to the decadal-scale evolution of the Sun.
Common Occurrence of Explosive Hydrogen Burning in Type II Supernovae
Authors: Liu Nan , Stephan Thomas , Boehnke Patrick , Nittler Larry R. , Meyer Bradley S. , Alexander Conel M. O’D. , Davis Andrew M. , Trappitsch Reto , Pellin Michael J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We report Mo isotopic data for 16 15N-rich presolar SiC grains of type AB (14N/15N < solar, AB1) and their correlated Sr and Ba isotope ratios when available. Of the 16 AB1 grains, 8 show s-process Mo isotopic compositions, together with s-process Ba and/or Sr isotopic compositions. We found that a higher percentage of AB1 grains show anomalous isotopic compositions than that of AB2 grains (14N/15N > solar), thus providing further support to the division of the two AB subgroups recently proposed by Liu et al., who showed that AB1 grains most likely originated from Type II supernovae (SNe) with explosive H burning. Comparison of the Sr, Mo, and Ba isotopic compositions of the AB1 grains with SN model predictions indicates that the s-process isotopic compositions of AB1 grains resulted from neutron-capture processes occurring during the progenitor massive stars’ pre-SN evolution rather than from an explosive neutron-capture process. In addition, the observations of (1) explosive H burning occurring in the C-rich regions of the progenitor SNe of X grains as suggested by the isotopic compositions of X grains, and (2) explosive H burning occurring both at the bottom of the He/C zone and at the top of the He/N zone as suggested by model simulations, imply that explosive H burning is a common phenomenon in outer SN zones.
The Next Generation Fornax Survey (NGFS). II. The Central Dwarf Galaxy Population
Authors: Eigenthaler Paul , Puzia Thomas H. , Taylor Matthew A. , Ordenes-Briceño Yasna , Muñoz Roberto P. , Ribbeck Karen X. , Alamo-Martínez Karla A. , Zhang Hongxin , Ángel Simón , Capaccioli Massimo , Côté Patrick , Ferrarese Laura , Galaz Gaspar , Grebel Eva K. , Hempel Maren , Hilker Michael , Lançon Ariane , Mieske Steffen , Miller Bryan , Paolillo Maurizio , Powalka Mathieu , Richtler Tom , Roediger Joel , Rong Yu , Sánchez-Janssen Ruben , Spengler Chelsea 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present a photometric study of the dwarf galaxy population in the core region (≲r
vir/4) of the Fornax galaxy cluster based on deep u′g′i′ photometry from the Next Generation Fornax Cluster Survey. All imaging data were obtained with the Dark Energy Camera mounted on the 4 m Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory. We identify 258 dwarf galaxy candidates with luminosities −17 ≲ M

g′ ≲ −8 mag, corresponding to typical stellar masses of

, reaching ∼3 mag deeper in point-source luminosity and ∼4 mag deeper in surface brightness sensitivity compared to the classic Fornax Cluster Catalog. Morphological analysis shows that the dwarf galaxy surface-brightness profiles are well represented by single-component Sérsic models with average Sérsic indices of

and average effective radii of

. Color–magnitude relations indicate a flattening of the galaxy red sequence at faint galaxy luminosities, similar to the one recently discovered in the Virgo cluster. A comparison with population synthesis models and the galaxy mass–metallicity relation reveals that the average faint dwarf galaxy is likely older than ∼5 Gyr. We study galaxy scaling relations between stellar mass, effective radius, and stellar mass surface density over a stellar mass range covering six orders of magnitude. We find that over the sampled stellar mass range several distinct mechanisms of galaxy mass assembly can be identified: (1) dwarf galaxies assemble mass inside the half-mass radius up to

, (2) isometric mass assembly occurs in the range

, and (3) massive galaxies assemble stellar mass predominantly in their halos at

and above.
New Parallaxes of Galactic Cepheids from Spatially Scanning the Hubble Space Telescope: Implications for the Hubble Constant
Authors: Riess Adam G. , Casertano Stefano , Yuan Wenlong , Macri Lucas , Anderson Jay , MacKenty John W. , Bowers J. Bradley , Clubb Kelsey I. , Filippenko Alexei V. , Jones David O. , Tucker Brad E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present new measurements of the parallax of seven long-period (≥10 days) Milky Way (MW) Cepheid variables (SS CMa, XY Car, VY Car, VX Per, WZ Sgr, X Pup, and S Vul) using one-dimensional astrometric measurements from spatial scanning of Wide-Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The observations were obtained at ∼6 month intervals over 4 years. The distances are 1.7–3.6 kpc, with a mean precision of 45 μas (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ≈ 10) and a best precision of 29 μas (S/N = 14). The accuracy of the parallaxes is demonstrated through independent analyses of >100 reference stars. This raises to 10 the number of long-period Cepheids with significant parallax measurements, 8 obtained from this program. We also present high-precision mean F555W, F814W, and F160W magnitudes of these Cepheids, allowing a direct, zeropoint-independent comparison to >1800 extragalactic Cepheids in the hosts of 19 SNe Ia. This sample addresses two outstanding systematic uncertainties affecting prior comparisons of MW and extragalactic Cepheids used to calibrate the Hubble constant (H
0): their dissimilarity of periods and photometric systems. Comparing the new parallaxes to their predicted values derived from reversing the distance ladder gives a ratio (or independent scale for H
0) of 1.037 ± 0.036, consistent with no change and inconsistent at the 3.5σ level with a ratio of 0.91 needed to match the value predicted by Planck cosmic microwave background data in concert with ΛCDM. Using these data instead to augment the Riess et al. measurement of H
0 improves the precision to 2.3%, yielding 73.48 ± 1.66 km s−1 Mpc−1, and the tension with Planck + ΛCDM increases to 3.7σ. The future combination of Gaia parallaxes and HST spatial scanning photometry of 50 MW Cepheids can support a <1% calibration of H
0.