bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a New Generation Automated Assay for 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Based on Competitive Protein Binding
Authors: Asif Maryam , Groboske Sarah E , Leung Edward K Y , Yeo Kiang-Teck J , van Wijk Xander M R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The interest for vitamin D has exponentially increased testing demand for 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D]. Consequently, many laboratories are switching from LC-MS/MS methods to automated, high-throughput immunoassays. One of the major potential issues with these assays has been the lack of cross-reactivity with 25(OH)D2.

Methods
We have evaluated the Roche Elecsys vitamin D total II assay for accuracy by comparing 79 patient samples with LC-MS/MS. The cross-reactivity for 25(OH)D2 was evaluated by analyzing samples with high 25(OH)D2 separately and estimating 25(OH)D2 recovery, as well as by spiking of 25(OH)D2. The assay was further evaluated for precision, linearity, sample type, and common interferences.

Results
There was mostly good agreement between the Elecsys and LC-MS/MS assays (Deming regression: y = 0.95x + 0.70), with an overall bias of 2.3% (−0.84 ng/mL). However, there were 6 out of 79 (7.6%) discordant samples. The Deming regression for samples with high 25(OH)D2 compared to LC-MS/MS showed similar slope and intercept (y = 0.97x − 1.1). The average recovery of 25(OH)D2 for these samples was 90%. The initial precision studies were in general agreement with the package insert, but long-term clinical use showed higher-than-claimed imprecision (11.7%–14.4% at 12 ng/mL and 6.9%–7.6% at 27 ng/mL; claimed: 7.2% and 5.0%, respectively). We observed 1 falsely high result in plasma, an issue previously addressed by Roche in a medical device correction.

Conclusions
The analytical performance of the Roche Vitamin D assay was acceptable, and the assay had a good cross-reactivity for 25(OH)D2.
Quality of Work Life of Public School Nurses in the Philippines
Authors: Macairan Kaila Mae L. , Oducado Ryan Michael F , Minsalan Mika E , Recodo Risa G. , Abellar Gio Franco D. 
Published: June 2019

Background: School nurses play a crucial role in the provision of comprehensive health services to the school population. A balanced quality of work life (QWL) with favorable conditions that support and uphold employee satisfaction is imperative for school nurses to maximize their provision of care for their clientele. Among the many nursing specialties, research among school nurses is not given much attention.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the QWL of public school nurses in the Philippines.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive correlational research design with 57 public school nurses as study participants. Self-reported data were gathered utilizing Walton’s QWL scale. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman–rank correlation coefficient. Results: Results indicated that public school nurses had high QWL (M=4.16). Among the eight subscales, opportunities at work (M=4.04) and social integration at work (M=4.03) had the lowest mean scores. There were no significant differences in the QWL according to sex (p=0.929), marital status (p=0.326), educational attainment (p=0.391) and length of work experience (p=0.059), while there was a significant relationship between age (p=0.005) and QWL of public school nurses.Conclusion: Public school nurses generally have a high QWL. Nevertheless, to further improve their QWL, it is recommended that public school nurses must be provided with more chances for continuous professional growth and opportunities for better social integration.
Relationships, Climate Change, and the Robins of Spring
Authors: Young Mikhaela E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Storytelling is a powerful way to explore climate change on a local level. Through listening to local elders, we get insight into the differences in weather patterns over a long period of time. More importantly, we gain insight into a broader picture of what climate, weather, and nature mean to human relationships, not only the relationship to weather, but to culture, myth, and life. By observing and listening closely, we learn to remember that nature speaks to us, is a large piece of the human spirit, and contains within itself a history of humankind.
Climate Change, Sea Level Rise, and the Slow Erosion of “Home”
Authors: Anderson Ryan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This photo essay explores the growing challenges of coastal erosion and sea level rise through a personal reflection about coastal California. The author combines photography, ethnographic research, and personal experience to reflect upon the social, political, and environmental changes that rising seas are bringing to the world's coastlines. The essay emphasizes the power of using anthropology, framed by locally-based perspectives and knowledge, as a way to understand the broader global issues of climate change, erosion, and sea level rise.
Evaluation of Twenty Four Discriminant Indices for Differentiating Beta-Thalassemia Trait from Iron Deficiency Anemia in Egyptians
Authors: Abdelmalik Pessar Shaimaa 
Published: June 2019

Background: Many Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices have been developed based on mathematical formulae to discriminate beta-thalassemia trait (βTT) from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The latter two conditions represent the most common causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia in Egypt. This study aimed To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of 24 published discriminant indices for differentiating βTT from IDA in Egyptians.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study included a total of 166 subjects (108 IDA & 58 βTT) aged 1-18 years were recruited from Hematology laboratory of Pediatric Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. A full diagnostic algorithm was performed using complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), iron profile and PCR detection of 22 mutations common for βTT. Twenty-four formulas were applied and their performance characteristics were calculated for each index.
Results: The highest accuracy (True positive + True negative/ All cases) & Youden's Index (Sensitivity+Specificity-100) were for Red Cell Distribution Width (RDWI) and Hameed index closely followed by Keikhaei index while the least performance was for RDW-SD, RDW-CV and Shine & Lal indices.
Conclusion The superiority of an index over another in distinguishing βTT from IDA allowed only partially better selection of cases warranting further confirmatory molecular studies. None of the studied formulae provided a surrogate test for Hb electrophoresis as mass screening.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПОЧВ СУБАРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ НА ЭТАПЕ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ОСВОЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ
Authors: Чистякова Нелли Фёдоровна , Гайнуллина Ирина Николаевна 
Published: June 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью экологического контроля за изменениями почв субарктической зоны Тюменской области на этапе разработки месторождений углеводородного сырья в современных условиях превращения региона в стратегическую ресурсную базу России. Цель: оценка трансформации физического состояния и химического состава почв субарктической зоны Тюменской области под влиянием природных условий и техногенной нагрузки. Методы: ландшафтно-геохимический и статистический, почвенно-геохимические исследования, методы определения химического состава органических и неорганических загрязнителей почв, дешифрирование космоснимков. Результаты. Показано, что под влиянием техногенной нагрузки, начало которой было положено в 1972 г., наиболее устойчивыми к физической трансформации являются синлитогенные почвы пойм, а наименее устойчивыми – постлитогенные почвы, подзолы. Индикатором физической устойчивости почв следует считать структуру почв, определяемую особенностями их образования и преобразования. Химической трансформации (по тяжелым металлам) наиболее подвержены подзолы, а наименее – почвы пойм и органогенные почвы; по органическому веществу – почвы пойм и органогенные почвы соответственно. Индикатор химической устойчивости почв – их способность накапливать, перемещать, отдавать и преобразовывать неорганические и органические загрязнители. Площадь физически трансформированных почв данного участка на этапе промышленного освоения территории, продолжающегося с 1972 г., возросла с 10,734 км2 (2008 г.) до 11,705 км2 (2012 г.).
ЛИДАР ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ОЗОНА В АТМОСФЕРЕ
Authors: Долгий Сергей Иванович , Невзоров Алексей Алексеевич , Невзоров Алексей Викторович , Романовский Олег Анатольевич , Харченко Ольга Викторовна 
Published: June 2019

Одним из основных климатообразующих факторов с точки зрения радиационного баланса атмосферы являются парниковые газы, прежде всего озон и газовые составляющие озоновых циклов. В настоящее время оперативную информацию об их вертикальном распределении в атмосфере можно получать только с использованием средств дистанционного зондирования, в том числе лазерного зондирования (лидаров), что определяет актуальность и научную значимость данной научной и технической проблемы. Цель: разработка лидара для исследований вертикального распределения озона в верхней тропосфере–стратосфере в высотном диапазоне ~ (5–45) км на длинах волн 299/341 и 308/353 нм в сопоставлении со спутниковыми измерениями. Методы: метод дифференциального поглощения и рассеяния. Результаты. Представлен лидар для измерения вертикального распределения озона над городом Томск (56,5 с.ш.; 85,0 в.д.). Лидарное зондирование озона производилось на парах длин волн 299/341 и 308/353 нм. Используемые длины волн позволяют проводить мониторинг вертикальной стратификации озона в пределах верхней тропосферы–стратосферы. Результаты лидарного зондирования озона по данным января 2018 г. приведены в сравнении с данными спутников IASI/MetOp и AURA, a также с среднеширотной моделью Крюгера. Отличие лидарных профилей озона от модельных является естественными для динамики озонового слоя в различные дни наблюдений. Большие различия вертикального распределения озона в значениях по данным лидара и спутника MetOp на высотах стратосферы объясняются необходимостью коррекции априорной модели в алгоритме восстановления спутниковых данных. Вывод. Создан лидар для измерения озоновых профилей в верхней тропосфере–стратосфере. Он позволяет восстанавливать вертикальное распределение озона в высотном диапазоне ~ (5–45) км на длинах волн 299/341 и 308/353 нм.
ЗАДАЧА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОМ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО РИФОРМИНГА И МЕТОД ЕЕ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Матвейкин Валерий Григорьевич , Дмитриевский Борис Сергеевич , Кокуев Андрей Геннадьевич , Джамбеков Азамат Матифулаевич 
Published: June 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью обеспечения оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и издержек организации процесса на установке каталитического риформинга мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью в условиях переменного качества сырья и качества топливного газа. Эффективность производства бензина зависит не только от повышения октанового числа, но и от снижения издержек организации процесса. Существующие системы управления процессом каталитического риформинга не обеспечивают достижения оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и издержек организации процесса. Необходима разработка системы управления процессом каталитического риформинга, обеспечивающей достижение данных соотношений. Цель: достижение оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и издержек организации процесса на установке каталитического риформинга мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью в условиях переменного качества сырья и качества топливного газа путем разработки системы управления. Объект: установка каталитического риформинга мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью. Методы исследования основаны на использовании теории нечетких множеств, теории принятия решений в нечетких условиях, вычислительной математики, теории автоматического управления. Результаты. Поставлена задача управления процессом каталитического риформинга на установке риформинга Л-35-11/1000 мощностью 1 млн т/год по сырью. Проведен анализ процесса как объекта управления с выделением его особенностей. Описан набор входных и выходных параметров объекта управления. Представлено выражение для определения обобщенного критерия оптимальности. Разработана система управления процессом каталитического риформинга. Реализация предлагаемой системы обеспечивает достижение оптимальных соотношений октанового числа бензина и производственных затрат.
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress From Pregnancy to the Postnatal Period Among Canadian Women: Impact of Employment and Immigration
Authors: Chow Angela , Dharma Christoffer , Chen Edith , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Elliott Susan J. , Becker Allan B. , Subbarao Padmaja , Sears Malcolm R. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To identify trajectory patterns of maternal depressive symptoms and perceived stress from midpregnancy to 2 years postpartum and determine relationships with selected sociodemographic factors including income, education, immigration, and postpartum employment. Methods. Pregnant women (n = 3307) recruited from the general population in 4 regions in Canada provided 6 waves of data from pregnancy to 2 years postpartum. The study was conducted from 2009 to 2015. Results. We determined 5 trajectory groups distinguished by time and magnitude for both depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Immigrants living in Canada for more than 5 up to 10 years, but not more recent arrivals, were at higher risk for persistent stress and depression independent of income status. Being employed at 1 year postpartum was associated with a lower likelihood of postpartum depression and perceived stress, while mothers reporting work exhaustion were substantially more likely to experience persistent depression and stress. Conclusions. The study highlighted the heterogeneous nature of depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Targeting interventions toward women 5 to 10 years after immigration and those experiencing exhaustion from postpartum work may be particularly beneficial.
Simulating the Suicide Prevention Effects of Firearms Restrictions Based on Psychiatric Hospitalization and Treatment Records: Social Benefits and Unintended Adverse Consequences
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Hamilton Ava , Swanson Jeffrey , Tracy Melissa , Cerdá Magdalena 
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To estimate the number of lives saved from firearms suicide with expansions of gun restrictions based on mental health compared with the number who would be unnecessarily restricted. Methods. Agent-based models simulated effects on suicide mortality resulting from 5-year ownership disqualifications in New York City for individuals with any psychiatric hospitalization and, more broadly, anyone receiving psychiatric treatment. Results. Restrictions based on New York State Office of Mental Health–identified psychiatric hospitalizations reduced suicide among those hospitalized by 85.1% (95% credible interval = 36.5%, 100.0%). Disqualifications for anyone receiving psychiatric treatment reduced firearm suicide rates among those affected and in the population; however, 244 820 people were prohibited from firearm ownership who would not have died from firearm suicide even without the policy. Conclusions. In this simulation, denying firearm access to individuals in psychiatric treatment reduces firearm suicide among those groups but largely will not affect population rates. Broad and unfeasible disqualification criteria would needlessly restrict millions at low risk, with potential consequences for civil rights, increased stigma, and discouraged help seeking.
Depression Remission From Community Coalitions Versus Individual Program Support for Services: Findings From Community Partners in Care, Los Angeles, California, 2010–2016
Authors: Arevian Armen C. , Jones Felica , Tang Lingqi , Sherbourne Cathy D. , Jones Loretta , Miranda Jeanne ,   for the Community Partners in Care Writing Group
Published: June 2019

Objectives. To explore effects of coalitions (Community Engagement and Planning [CEP]) versus technical assistance (Resources for Services [RS]) for depression collaborative care and the effects of social determinants on long-term remission outcomes. Methods. We randomized 95 health care and community programs in Los Angeles County, California, to CEP or RS. In 2010, 1246 depressed (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-8] ≥ 10) adults enrolled and were invited for baseline and 6-, 12-, and 36-month surveys. Of 598 3-year completers, 283 participated at 4 years (2016). We examined effects of CEP versus RS, social factors (e.g., family income, food insecurity) on time to and periods in clinical (PHQ-8 < 10) and community-defined (PHQ-8 < 10 or PHQ-2 < 3; mental health composite score [MCS-12] > 40, or mental wellness) remission during the course of 3 years, and at 4 years. Results. We found that CEP versus RS increased 4-year depression remission and, for women, community-defined remission outcomes during the course of 3 years. Social factors and clinical factors predicted remission. Conclusions. At 4 years, CEP was more effective than RS at increasing depression remission. Public Health Implications. Coalitions may improve 4-year depression remission, while addressing social and clinical factors associated with depression may hold potential to enhance remission.
A Case Study of Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions Measurements and Reduction-Potential Evaluation During Oil and Gas Production in China
Authors: Weng Yibin , Xue Ming , Cui Xiangyu 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Reducing greenhouse–gas (GHG) emissions in oil and gas production could provide several benefits, including energy conservation, cost reduction, and economic returns. The direct–emissions measurements and reduction–potential evaluation are the prerequisites to achieve an effective reduction goal in GHG emissions. On the basis of the survey of production processes and related parameters, we identified and measured a series of GHG–emissions sources. The emissions sources were measured, including production processes and leakage–prone facilities such as dehydrators, boilers, heaters, associated gas–treatment plants, light–hydrocarbon–recovery units, storage tanks, and gas flaring. A series of leakage–detection/measurement instruments was applied as well, such as flow samplers, impeller flowmeter, gas detectors, and gas–flow probes. On the basis of the measured emissions data, we then used a simulation model to evaluate the specific forms, sources, and reduction potentials of the GHGs. The measured GHG emissions showed that evaporation and flashing losses from storage tanks were the largest source, accounting for 86% of the total methane (CH4) emissions and 42% of the total GHG emissions. The contribution of CH4 emissions from heaters and boilers during incomplete combustions was less than 1% of the total CH4 emissions and approximately 16% of the total GHG emissions. When controlling technology on storage–tank losses was applied, CH4 emissions could be reduced by 81.7% and the GHG emissions could be reduced by 39.9%. Furthermore, such controlling technologies also presented substantial economic benefits through the recovery of fuel gas. In this study, the recovery potentials of various GHG–emissions sources were analyzed. In addition, a preliminary cost/benefit analysis was performed per the emissions categories, reduction potentials, and the feasibility of reduction technologies. Finally, the probability of the application of such reduction technologies was evaluated.
Long-term assessment of upper arm posture and motion and their association with discomfort perceived symptoms among bakery workers
Authors: Afshari Davood , Dianat Iman , Joudaknia Leila , Nourollahi Maryam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The highest prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among bakery workers is reported in the shoulder region. Awkward shoulder postures have been suggested to be a cause of shoulder discomfort in bakery workers. This study aimed at long-term assessment of upper arm posture and motion and their association with discomfort perceived symptoms among bakery workers. The results of this study are expected to have an effective role in identifying risk factors in order to provide appropriate strategies for preventing shoulder disorders in bakery workers.

Methods

In this study, fifty seven bakers of the three types of bread baking systems (sangak, taftoon and tanoori baking systems), were randomly selected. The self-reported severity and frequency of shoulder discomfort perceived by workers were recorded. Working postures and movements of the shoulders during work were continuously recorded with inclinometry measurements during three hours.

Results

Results suggest bakery workers, especially sangak bakers, may be exposed to high physical exposure levels. A significant correlation were found between perceived discomfort intensity on VAS scales for the right and left shoulder angles (50th) among bakers in sangak baking system (p≤0.005). Percentage of time spent with the upper arm right elevated more than 60° was significantly correlated with perception of shoulder discomfort for all bakery workers (p≤0.05). Angular velocity was significantly negatively correlated with perceived discomfort intensity for both upper arms (p≤0.005).

Conclusions

Study findings suggest, in addition to high physical exposure level, poor workstation design and inappropriate hand tools may be the main risk factors for developing disorders in the shoulder regions among bakers. Our results can provide more informed decisions with respect to both engineering (e.g. ergonomic workstation and equipment design) and administrative (e.g. work organization) control strategies.
Comparison of Supreme laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation for airway management during general anesthesia for cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Wei Yu , Li Shi Yang , Yuan Yong Jin , Tan Hon Sen , Han Nian-Lin Reena , Sultana Rehena , Assam Pryseley N , Sia Alex Tiong Heng , SNG Ban Leong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The obstetric airway is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Endotracheal intubation is considered the standard of care but the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has gained acceptance as a rescue airway and has been incorporated into the obstetric airway management guidelines. In this randomized controlled equivalence trial, we compared the Supreme LMA (SLMA) with endotracheal intubation (ETT) in managing the obstetric airway during cesarean section.

Methods

Parturients who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either an SLMA or ETT as their airway device. Our primary outcome was first-attempt insertion success. Successful insertion was defined as adequate bilateral air entry with auscultation and the presence of end-tidal carbon dioxide on the capnogram. The first-attempt insertion success rate was compared using the Chi-Square test. Secondary outcomes included time-to-ventilation, seal pressure, ventilation/hemodynamic parameters, occurrence of clinical aspiration, fetal outcomes, and maternal side effects associated with the airway device.

Results

We recruited 920 parturients (460 SLMA, 460 ETT) who underwent elective cesarean section under general anesthesia. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. First attempt success was similar (Odds Ratio--ORSLMA/ETA: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.25, 4.02), p = 1.0000). SLMA was associated with reduced time to effective ventilation (Mean Difference--MD -22.96; 95%CI: -23.71, -22.21 seconds) compared to ETT group (p<0.0001). Ventilation parameters, maternal and fetal outcomes were similar between the groups, and there was no aspiration.

Conclusions

SLMA could be an alternative airway management technique for a carefully selected low-risk obstetric population, with similar insertion success rates, reduced time to ventilation and less hemodynamic changes compared with ETT. Our findings are consistent with the airway guidelines in recommending the second-line use of LMA in the management of the obstetric airway.