bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatalism, faith and fear: A case study of self‐care practice among adults with Type 2 diabetes in urban Malaysia
Authors: Saidi Sanisah , Milnes Linda Jane , Griffiths Jane 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore self‐care and self‐care support in patients with Type 2 diabetes in urban Malaysia.BackgroundThe prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Malaysia and associated long‐term and life‐changing complications is increasing. With effective self‐care and self‐care support, severe complications of the condition can be avoided or reduced. Prior to this study, no evidence existed about Malaysian patients’ management of the condition or support for self‐care from the healthcare system.DesignA single embedded qualitative case study.MethodsSemistructured interviews with 18 patients with Type 2 diabetes aged 28–69 years, healthcare professionals (n = 19), observations (n = 13) of clinic appointments from two urban settings in Malaysia and a documentary analysis. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, field notes were made during observations and the data analysed and synthesised within and across case using Framework analysis.FindingsThree main themes explained self‐care and self‐care support in Malaysia: fatalism, faith and fear. Patients were fatalistic about developing diabetes—they perceived it as inevitable because it is so common in Malaysia. However, faith in God, coupled with fear of the consequences of diabetes, motivated them to engage in self‐care practices. The fear was largely induced by diabetes healthcare professionals working in overcrowded clinics, and stretched thinly across the service, who used a direct and uncompromising approach to instil the importance of self‐care to avoid severe long‐term complications.ConclusionThis study provided important insight on how people in Malaysia developed diabetes, their responses to the disease and the approach of healthcare professionals in supporting them to engage with self‐care.Relevance to clinical practiceAny future development of self‐care programmes in Malaysia needs to recognise the factors that motivate patients to self‐care and include components that build self‐efficacy.
Dyspnoea and self‐management strategies in patients admitted to the emergency department: A study of patients’ experiences
Authors: Larsen Karoline Stentoft Rybjerg , Petersen Annemette Krintel , Lisby Marianne , Knudsen Marie Veje 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAims and objectiveTo explore patients’ experiences of acute dyspnoea, physical functioning and perspectives on course of illness prior to admission to the emergency department.BackgroundMany emergency admissions are considered unnecessary and avoidable. In this perspective, it seems relevant to gain insight into the patients’ perspective on acute dyspnoea and the need for emergency admission. However, only few studies have investigated reasons for emergency admission from a patient perspective.DesignA qualitative study was conducted with semi‐structured interviews among six patients previously admitted to the emergency department due to dyspnoea. Data collection and analysis were carried out according to Kvale & Brinkmann using meaning condensation.FindingsDyspnoea was experienced as an unpleasant breathlessness in the form of pain or suffocation, which limited usual physical activities, negatively impacting on quality of life. Self‐management strategies such as medication, breathing exercises, distraction from breathing, and mental and physical relaxation in general were used to avoid hospital admission. The chronically ill patients saw the following ways to alternate course of disease to avoid admissions to the emergency department: easier access to specialised emergency medical care, medical supplies in the patient's home and making existing physical exercise programmes more accessible and interesting.Conclusion and relevance to clinical practiceIt would be relevant to further investigate whether prehospital interventions may remedy acute dyspnoea among chronically ill patients, and whether such interventions are cost‐effective.
A 5‐step framework to promote nursing community inclusivity: The example of nurses with disabilities
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Shpigelman Carmit‐Noa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo provide a five‐step conceptual framework to promote community inclusivity among nurses and nursing students, using the example of nursing student with a disability.BackgroundThe value of cultural diversity, including characteristics such as socioeconomic status, ability/disability, sexual affection and ethnicity and/or race, is integrated into bachelor's nursing programmes. Yet, often the focus centres on patient care rather than to fellow nursing students or registered nurses.DesignDiscursive paper describing a five‐step health promotion course framework to promote inclusion for students with disabilities into the nursing community.MethodsUsing the health promotion course platform, this framework demonstrates the integration of important issues such as well‐being to those of cultural diversity, inclusivity and feeling belonging to a community, which are essential prerequisites towards achieving cultural competence.FindingsHealth promotion courses provide an optimal platform to teach students about the social environment, well‐being and inclusivity, and gives students the opportunity to reflect on the impact of their attitudes and behaviours on social inclusivity in their student community, and later, on their nursing community.ConclusionsUsing the example of nursing students with disabilities, the five‐step framework incorporates the concepts of social well‐being, health and community inclusivity. Nursing students belong to a culturally diverse community including individuals with disabilities. A single course on community inclusivity is insufficient; the approach of inclusivity must be woven throughout the nursing curriculum.Relevance to clinical practiceAs approximately 15% of the world's population has a disability, nurses must possess an understanding of individuals with a disability as an aspect of cultural diversity. It is the responsibility of programmes to instil in nursing students, the ability to appreciate and work with culturally diverse student and registered nurses. Such goals not only reflect nursing goals, but also strengthen the cohesion and inclusivity of the nursing community.
Catholic Commitment Around the Globe: A 52‐ Country Analysis
Authors: Conway Brian , Spruyt Bram 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article investigates variation in Catholic religious commitment in different macro world regions. Although sociologists have examined variation in Catholic religiosity, this research has tended to be limited to Western European and Latin American contexts and has not gone beyond employing more than one measure of religiosity. In addition, prior research has rarely examined the effect of several explanatory frameworks together. Drawing on data from the European and World Values Survey as well as national‐level data, we test for the influence of secularization/existential security, religious markets, and historical legacies on self‐rated importance of God, private prayer, and church attendance across 52 countries in five world macro‐regional contexts—Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Oceania—of the church. Our findings provide strong support for the existential security perspective and partial support for the historical legacy perspectives. We conclude with implications for the study of religion and society in general.
Albendazole treatment in laying hens: Egg residues and its effects on fertility and hatchability
Authors: Moreno Laura , Bistoletti Mariana , Fernández Hector , Cantón Lucila , Ceballos Laura , Cantón Candela , Lanusse Carlos , Álvarez Luis I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work characterized the egg residual concentrations of albendazole (ABZ) and its sulphoxide (ABZSO) and sulphone (ABZSO2) metabolites and evaluated their effect on egg fertility and hatchability afterABZtreatments to laying hens. Seventy hens were allocated in groups: Group‐1 was the control without treatment; Group‐2 received a singleABZoral dose (10 mg/kg); Group‐3, ‐4 and ‐5 were treated withABZin medicated feed over 7 days at 10, 40, or 80 mg kg−1 day−1, respectively. Eggs were analyzed to determine theABZ/metabolite level byHPLCor subjected to incubation to evaluate the fertility and hatchability. OnlyABZSOandABZSO2metabolites were quantified in egg afterABZsingle oral administration with maximum concentrations of 0.47 ± 0.08 and 0.30 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively.ABZand its metabolites were found in eggs after 7‐dayABZtreatments. The egg residue exposure estimated asAUCs (areas under the concentrationvs. time curve) were 100.5 (ABZ), 56.3 (ABZSO) and 141.3 μg hr g−1(ABZSO2).ABZadministration did not affect the egg fertility at any dosages. Egg hatchability was not affected byABZtreatment at 10 mg/kg in medicated feed, but it decreased when the dose was 4–8 times higher. These results should be considered whenABZis used for deworming laying hens.
Viral eradication is required for sustained improvement of patient‐reported outcomes in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Reddy Rajender , Manns Michael P. , Bourliere Marc , Gordon Stuart C. , Schiff Eugene , Tran Tram , Younossi Issah , Racila Andrei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundClearance of chronic HCV infection improves quality of life and other patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). Lack of placebo‐controlled data led to concerns about the extent of contribution of viral eradication to PRO improvement.AimTo assess PRO changes in HCV patients initially randomized to placebo treatment who received SOF/VEL/VOX in a deferred treatment substudy.MethodsHCV‐infected direct‐acting antivirals‐experienced patients who received placebo treatment in POLARIS‐1 subsequently received SOF/VEL/VOX (400/100/100 mg) daily for 12 weeks. PROs were prospectively collected using SF‐36v2, CLDQ‐HCV, FACIT‐F, WPAI:SHP.ResultsOf 147 patients treated, most were male (79%), white (82%), 33% had cirrhosis, 99% had HCV genotype 1 with SVR‐12 of 97%. During treatment with placebo, there were no significant changes in any PROs from patients’ own baseline (all P > .05) except for the Worry domain of CLDQ‐HCV. However, soon after initiation of treatment with SOF/VEL/VOX, significant PRO improvements were noted: +2.4% to +8.1% of a PRO range size, P < .05 for 6 of the 26 studied PROs, by treatment week 4; +2.0% to +8.3%, P < .05 for 14/26 PROs by treatment week 12. Achieving SVR was associated with similar or greater PRO improvement: +2.5% to +11.9%, P < .05 for 24/26 PROs, by SVR‐12; +3.2% to +14.9%, P < .05 for 23/26 PROs, by SVR‐24. In multivariate regression analysis, being viraemic was associated with PRO impairment: beta from −2.4% to −8.5%, P < .05 for all but one PRO.ConclusionTreatment with SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks led to significant and sustainable improvement in patient‐reported outcomes in patients who had previously failed another direct‐acting antiviral regimen.
Predicting evolutionary predictability
Authors: Linnen Catherine R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe observation that phenotypic convergence and genetic convergence are widespread in nature implies that evolution is at least somewhat predictable. But to what extent and under what circumstances? In other words, how predictable is evolutionary predictability? Answering this question requires going beyond documenting examples of repeated evolution to actually quantifying predictability at different hierarchical levels. At present, few such studies exist. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Chaturvedi et al. () quantify the predictability of genomewide changes that accompany shifts to an introduced host plant (alfalfa) in populations of the Melissa blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa). They evaluate predictability in two contexts: (i) overlap in host‐associated loci among populations that have independently colonized alfalfa, and (ii) overlap between host‐associated loci in nature and loci associated with host performance in laboratory experiments. Overall, they find that the genomic changes that accompany host shifts in this system are indeed somewhat predictable. However, the degree of predictability depends on the type of comparison (among natural populations vs. between natural and experimental populations), type of convergence (specific genomic locations vs. direction of allele frequency change), geographic scale (rangewide vs. specific population pairs) and location in the genome (autosomes vs. sex chromosomes). Together with a handful of comparable data sets, Chaturvedi et al.'s () work suggests that the relative contribution of stochastic and deterministic processes to genomewide responses to novel selection pressures may be highly variable, but possibly predictably so.
Cost‐effectiveness of amphotericin B formulations in the treatment of systemic fungal infections
Authors: Borba Helena Hiemisch Lobo , Steimbach Laiza Maria , Riveros Bruno Salgado , Tonin Fernanda Stumpf , Ferreira Vinicius Lins , Bagatim Bruna Aline de Queiros , Balan Gisele , Pontarolo Roberto , Wiens Astrid 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAmphotericin formulations, indicated for invasive fungal infections (IFIs), vary in effectiveness, safety and costs. In Brazil, only the conventional formulation is provided by the Public Health System. The aim of this study was to perform a cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing conventional amphotericin B (CAB), liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC). Therefore, a decision tree was developed. The model began with high‐risking patients on suspicion or confirmation of IFI. The analysis was conducted under the perspective of the Brazilian Public Health System. Model health states were defined according to medication use and clinical evolution. Clinical efficacy (cure) and transition probabilities were derived from the literature. Resource use was estimated from Brazilian data. Time horizon followed the maximum treatment time determined in the patient information leaflets (3 or 6 weeks). One‐way and probabilistic‐sensitivity analyses were conducted. The conventional formulation was the most cost‐effective. No dominance was observed; however, high incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were obtained for LAB (USD 313 130) and ABLC (USD 1 711 280). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the results. CAB is the most cost‐effective treatment, followed by LAB and ABLC. Although CAB presents critical safety aspects, the high acquisition costs of the other formulations prevent their large‐scale use in Brazil.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate herbivore‐induction of plant defenses differently above and belowground
Authors: Meier Amanda R. , Hunter Mark D. 
Published: June 2018

Plants are exposed to herbivores and symbionts above and below ground. Herbivores above ground alter plant defenses in both leaves and roots, affecting plant–herbivore interactions above and below ground. Root symbionts, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), also influence the defenses of leaves and roots, and alter plant responses to herbivory. However, we lack an understanding of how AMF mediate plant responses to herbivores simultaneously in above and belowground plant tissues, despite the ubiquity of such interactions and their consequences for ecological communities. In a full factorial experiment, we subjected plants of four milkweed (Asclepias) species under three levels of AMF inoculum availability to damage by aphids Aphis nerii, caterpillars Danaus plexippus, or no herbivores. We then measured foliar and root cardenolides (chemical defenses), leaf toughness, latex exudation (physical defenses), foliar carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous concentrations, plant biomass, and levels of AMF colonization of roots.Plants inoculated with AMF generally produced tougher leaves with higher cardenolide concentrations than did plants without AMF. In contrast, root cardenolides were altered by AMF inoculum availability in a plant species‐specific manner. The relative induction or suppression of foliar cardenolides and leaf toughness by herbivores was altered strongly by the level of AMF inoculum available to plants. However, AMF did not influence caterpillar‐induction or aphid‐suppression of root cardenolides. In addition, herbivore feeding induced substantial changes in levels of AMF colonization of roots in a plant species‐specific manner. We demonstrate that the availability of AMF in soil alters herbivore induction and suppression of plant defenses strongly, and does so differently in above and belowground plant tissues. Furthermore, we show that herbivore feeding alters levels of AMF colonization substantially, completing a feedback loop between above‐ and belowground organisms. Our study suggests that indirect interactions between AMF and herbivores may have community‐wide consequences by altering plant phenotype above and below ground.
Analysis of early failure of Biotronik Linox Smart implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator leads: A comparative study of three defibrillator leads
Authors: Pérez Díez Diego , Rubín José Manuel , Calvo Cuervo David , García Iglesias Daniel , Morís De La Tassa César 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesEarly failure of Biotronik Linox and Linox Smart leads (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany) has been reported in numerous recent publications. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of this lead compared with that of two other contemporary leads.MethodsWe conducted an ambispective study of all consecutive first implantations of defibrillator leads carried out in our center: Endotak (model 148, 158, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) (n = 173), Sprint Quattro (model 6644, 6947, Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) (n = 145), and Linox Smart (Biotronik, model SD 65/16) (n = 120).ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 4.6 ± 2.1 years, failure occurred in nine Linox Smart (7.5%), one Endotak Reliance (0.6%), and no Sprint Quattro leads. The survival probability of the Linox Smart group was significantly lower than that of the Endotak and Sprint Quattro groups measured by the log‐rank test (Linox vs Endotak; P < 0.001 and Linox vs Sprint Quattro; P < 0.001). Nonphysiological signals not due to external interference were observed in all Linox Smart leads, with normal parameters and without visible anomalies on chest x‐ray.ConclusionsIn this single‐center experience, the survival rate of Linox Smart leads was 88% at 5 years of follow‐up, which was significantly lower than that of the other leads. Comprehensive vigilance of Linox Smart leads, including home monitoring, may be advisable to facilitate early detection of lead failure and avoid inappropriate shocks.
Inadvertent pacemaker lead dislodgement
Authors: Eulert‐Grehn Jaime‐Jürgen , Schmidt Gerard , Kempfert Jörg , Starck Christoph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become an established treatment option for aortic valve stenosis in patients with a high risk for conventional surgical valve replacement. A well‐known complication is the development of conduction abnormalities. In the case of a new third‐degree atrioventricular block, the complication can be life‐threatening and permanent pacing is needed. Often these patients have a venous sheath placed in the jugular vein for the perioperative period. We report a case of inadvertent dislodgement of a permanent pacemaker lead after removal of a preoperatively placed venous sheath in a TAVI patient.
The oldest shipworms (Bivalvia, Pholadoidea, Teredinidae) preserved with soft parts (western France): insights into the fossil record and evolution of Pholadoidea
Authors: Robin Ninon , Velasquez Marcel , Boura Anaïs , Garcia Géraldine , Jauvion Clément , Boiteau Jean‐Marie , Gomez Bernard , Daviero‐Gomez Véronique , Valentin Xavier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTeredinidae are obligate xylophagous bivalves that colonize drift wood. They display a highly derived anatomy with a reduced shell; most of their body consists of soft tissues. Consequently, fossil teredinids mostly correspond to burrows, shells or small terminal aragonite structures called ‘pallets’. We report, from mid‐Cretaceous logs of the Envigne Valley, France, exceptionally preserved wood‐boring bivalves with silicified soft parts. After characterizing the wood, we report both the molluscs’ anatomy and their distribution inside the wood (using computed tomography). The 3D‐reconstructions reveal rarely preserved soft tissues (mantle, respiratory siphons, visceral pouch) but surprisingly no mineralized pallets. Envigne shipworms display neat dorsal condyles and a vermiform body plan, making them the oldest known Teredinidae. To document the evolutionary or taphonomic origin of this lack of pallet, the mineralization of these bivalves was investigated, and it is concluded that pallets could have dissolved prior to other carbonate components. From a survey of the fossil wood‐boring bivalves and their characters, we provide a time scaled origin of the main pholadoid clades supported in recent phylogenies. Since we found no correlation between the presence of pallets in Pholadoidea and their occurrence in the stratigraphic record, we suggest that their absence during the Mesozoic could be the result of a taphonomic bias related to the ‘calcite vs aragonite seas’ paradigm. The Cenomanian Envigne Valley was an estuarine to intertidal environment in which the Teredinidae appear to have selected their wood habitat on the basis of size but not type.
Show me your yttrium, and I will tell you who you are: implications for fossil imaging
Authors: Gueriau Pierre , Jauvion Clément , Mocuta Cristian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe development of X‐ray tomography in the last decade has led to a revolution in palaeontology by providing a means of imaging 3D fossils. In turn, imaging of flat fossils has strongly benefitted from critical improvement of synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The latter, which allows the mapping of 2D distributions of major‐to‐trace elements over decimetre‐scale objects, usually targets metals with atomic number (Z) up to strontium (K‐shell emission lines); in the same energy domain, L‐shell emission lines of heavier elements (particularly lead) can also be analysed. A fluorescence signal from strontium can escape from a depth of a few 100 μm in fossils, thereby revealing, due to its substitution for calcium in calcium phosphates (apatite group minerals and bone), hidden fossil bone or phosphatized remains. Nonetheless, strontium similarly substitutes for calcium in calcium carbonates, resulting in the absence of contrast when fossils are preserved in limestone. Here, we show that this issue can easily be overcome by using X‐rays slightly higher in energy (17.2 keV and above) to excite and detect yttrium fluorescence. Together with lanthanides (collectively known as the rare earth elements), yttrium preferentially substitutes for calcium in calcium phosphates, offering anatomical contrasts for a wider range of fossils. This is demonstrated here for three fossils (vertebrate and invertebrate) from different ages and depositional environments. We then discuss the different chemical behaviours of strontium and yttrium in calcium phosphates and carbonates. Although yttrium is also found in other (rarer) minerals, its mapping using synchrotron XRF could be used as a proxy to pinpoint calcium phosphates in fossils and other geological materials.
Structural universals
Authors: Fisher A. R. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStructural universals are a kind of complex universal. They have been put to work in a variety of philosophical theories but are plagued with problems concerning their compositional nature. In this article, we will discuss the following questions. What are structural universals? Why believe in them? Can we give a consistent account of their compositional nature? What are the costs of doing so?