bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gatekeepers in Capital Markets
Authors: ROYCHOWDHURY SUGATA , SRINIVASAN SURAJ 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTGatekeepers in financial markets have the power to provide the institutional stability, fortitude, and direction necessary for the development and the smooth functioning of capital markets. At the same time, they are often motivated by their own private incentives. This along with the tradeoffs they face, and the at‐times unintended consequences of the regulations they propose and enforce, can undermine their effectiveness. A thorough understanding of gatekeepers and their roles can thus illuminate academics, the financial community, and regulators on how such gatekeepers can be the most effective and generate the greatest benefits for capital markets. Since gatekeeping roles and the literature they have inspired encompass a wide array of institutions and agencies, our overview concentrates on those that the conference papers appearing in this volume focus on. We conclude that collectively, the papers contribute to significant progress, and point out some crucial areas that call for further investigation and offer opportunities for future research.
A microcin processing peptidase‐like protein of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus is essential for secretion of biofilm‐promoting proteins
Authors: Parnasa Rami , Sendersky Eleonora , Simkovsky Ryan , Waldman Ben‐Asher Hiba , Golden Susan S. , Schwarz Rakefet 
Published: March 2019

SummarySmall secreted compounds, e.g. microcins, are characterized by a double‐glycine (GG) secretion motif that is cleaved off upon maturation. Genomic analysis suggests that small proteins that possess a GG motif are widespread in cyanobacteria; however, the roles of these proteins are largely unknown. Using a biofilm‐proficient mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 in which the constitutive biofilm self‐suppression mechanism is inactivated, we previously demonstrated that four small proteins, Enable biofilm formation with a GG motif (EbfG1‐4), each with a GG motif, enable biofilm formation. Furthermore, a peptidase belonging to the C39 family, Peptidase transporter enabling Biofilm (PteB), is required for secretion of these proteins. Here, we show that the microcin processing peptidase‐like protein encoded by gene Synpcc7942_1127 is also required for biofilm development – inactivation of this gene in the biofilm‐proficient mutant abrogates biofilm development. Additionally, this peptidase‐like protein (denoted EbfE – enables biofilm formation peptidase) is required for secretion of the EbfG biofilm‐promoting small proteins. Given their protein‐domain characteristics, we suggest that PteB and EbfE take part in a maturation‐secretion system, with PteB being located to the cell membrane while EbfE is directed to the periplasmic space via its secretion signal.
Increased intron retention is a post‐transcriptional signature associated with progressive aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Adusumalli Swarnaseetha , Ngian Zhen‐Kai , Lin Wei‐Qi , Benoukraf Touati , Ong Chin‐Tong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntron retention (IR) by alternative splicing is a conserved regulatory mechanism that can affect gene expression and protein function during adult development and age‐onset diseases. However, it remains unclear whether IR undergoes spatial or temporal changes during different stages of aging or neurodegeneration like Alzheimer's disease (AD). By profiling the transcriptome of Drosophila head cells at different ages, we observed a significant increase in IR events for many genes during aging. Differential IR affects distinct biological functions at different ages and occurs at several AD‐associated genes in older adults. The increased nucleosome occupancy at the differentially retained introns in young animals suggests that it may regulate the level of IR during aging. Notably, an increase in the number of IR events was also observed in healthy older mouse and human brain tissues, as well as in the cerebellum and frontal cortex from independent AD cohorts. Genes with differential IR shared many common features, including shorter intron length, no perturbation in their mRNA level, and enrichment for biological functions that are associated with mRNA processing and proteostasis. The differentially retained introns identified in AD frontal cortex have higher GC content, with many of their mRNA transcripts showing an altered level of protein expression compared to control samples. Taken together, our results suggest that an increased IR is an conserved signature that is associated with aging. By affecting pathways involved in mRNA and protein homeostasis, changes of IR pattern during aging may regulate the transition from healthy to pathological state in late‐onset sporadic AD.
Editorial: can hepatitis B core‐related antigen be the new biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in nucleoside analogue‐treated chronic hepatitis B? Author’s reply
Authors: Hosaka Tetsuya 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Hosaka et al and Mak papers. To view these
articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15108 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15156.
Letter: severe vitamin D deficiency is a prognostic biomarker in autoimmune hepatitis—offender or bystander? Authors’ reply
Authors: Ebadi Maryam , Czaja Albert J. , Montano‐Loza Aldo J. 
Published: March 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ebadi et al and Cheng and Wang papers. To
view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15029 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15165.
β3‐Adrenoceptors in the normal and diseased urinary bladder—What are the open questions?
Authors: Igawa Yasuhiko , Aizawa Naoki , Michel Martin C. 
Published: March 2019

β3‐Adrenoceptor agonists are used in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome. Although the relaxant response to adrenergic stimulation in human detrusor smooth muscle cells is mediated mainly via β3‐adrenoceptors, the plasma concentrations of the therapeutic dose of mirabegron, the only clinically approved β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, are considerably lower than the EC50 for causing direct relaxation of human detrusor, suggesting a mechanism of action other than direct relaxation of detrusor smooth muscle. However, the site and mechanism of action of β3‐adrenoceptor agonists in the bladder have not been firmly established. Postulated mechanisms include prejunctional suppression of ACh release from the parasympathetic nerves during the storage phase and inhibition of micro‐contractions through β3‐adrenoceptors on detrusor smooth muscle cells or suburothelial interstitial cells. Implications of possible desensitization of β3‐adrenoceptors in the bladder upon prolonged agonist exposure and possible causes of rarely observed cardiovascular effects of mirabegron are also discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
“We don't know what we don't know”: Providing information about communication to families of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Melvin Katelyn , Meyer Carly , Ryan Brooke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeChildren with Down syndrome often present with a communication disability, and families require information to support their child's communication. Effective provision of information by professionals is an important part of family‐centred practice. However, we currently do not know the specific communication information needs of families of children with Down syndrome. This study aimed to (1) explore families' experiences of communication information provision and (2) identify families' preferences regarding when, what and how they would like to receive information about communication.MethodA qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the experiences and information needs of nine family members of children with Down syndrome aged 0–15 years. Data from semistructured, in‐depth interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree core themes were identified: (1) We want more information about communication to be provided by professionals now and into the future so we can be “self‐help people.” (2) We want general information resources that help us support our child's communication. (3) We want to have a two‐way partnership with professionals so we can share and receive specific information about our child's communication.ConclusionIneffective information provision restricts families' capacity to be self‐help people in supporting communication development. Ongoing provision of both general and specific information about communication is needed in different formats. This study informs the development of resources to better meet families' information needs.
Efficient Computation of Smoothed Exponential Maps
Authors: Herholz Philipp , Alexa Marc 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany applications in geometry processing require the computation of local parameterizations on a surface mesh at interactive rates. A popular approach is to compute local exponential maps, i.e. parameterizations that preserve distance and angle to the origin of the map. We extend the computation of geodesic distance by heat diffusion to also determine angular information for the geodesic curves. This approach has two important benefits compared to fast approximate as well as exact forward tracing of the distance function: First, it allows generating smoother maps, avoiding discontinuities. Second, exploiting the factorization of the global Laplace–Beltrami operator of the mesh and using recent localized solution techniques, the computation is more efficient even compared to fast approximate solutions based on Dijkstra's algorithm.
The Inherited Inequality: How Demographic Aging and Pension Reforms can Change the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth
Authors: Klimaviciute Justina , Pestieau Pierre , Onder Harun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe role of inherited wealth in modern economies has increasingly come under scrutiny. This study presents one of the first attempts to shed light on how demographic aging could shape this role. It shows that, in the absence of retirement annuities, or for a given level of annuitization, both increasing longevity and decreasing fertility should reduce the inherited share of total wealth in a given economy. Thus, aging is not likely to explain a recent surge in this share in some advanced economies. Shrinking retirement annuities, however, could offset and potentially reverse these effects. The paper also shows that individual bequests will be more unequally distributed if aging is driven by a drop in fertility. In comparison, the effect of increasing longevity on their distribution is non-monotonic.
Using nest captures and video cameras to estimate survival and abundance of breeding Piping Plovers Charadrius melodus
Authors: Hunt Kelsi L. , Gibson Daniel , Friedrich Meryl J. , Huber Coral J. , Fraser James D. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Catlin Daniel H. 
Published: March 2019

The estimation of abundance is fundamental to ecology and conservation but often is difficult or impossible to accomplish reliably. Recent improvements in wildlife cameras and ecological modelling have allowed for improved accuracy in estimates of abundance. In this study, we paired nest captures and high‐definition nest video camera monitoring with modelling for a novel approach to estimate survival and abundance of threatened Piping Plovers Charadrius melodus breeding on Missouri River sandbars. From 2005 to 2014, we captured individuals on nests and uniquely marked them and recaptured previously marked individuals. In 2015–2017, we resighted marked individuals using small, high‐definition video cameras deployed at nests, and counted the number of marked and unmarked breeding individuals associated with nests. We estimated apparent survival and derived estimates of the abundance of breeding individuals and population growth each year using a state‐space Jolly–Seber superpopulation model with the addition of a binomial band ratio model for data collected using nest video cameras. Apparent survival averaged 0.73 ± 0.03 (mean ± sd) throughout the study. The number of breeding individuals varied, with the population increasing from 2012 to 2017 following a major habitat creation event. This study provides one of the few examples of camera data being used to produce demographic parameter and abundance estimates for an avian species. The camera and modelling methods described in this study may be applicable to other avian species in which some portion of the breeding population is uniquely marked.
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Return on Bitcoin*
Authors: Shrestha Keshab 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe revisit the issue of market efficiency of Bitcoin, which is an important part of the new financial technology (FinTech), by analyzing the Bitcoin returns using two recently developed analytical techniques called bipower variation method and Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF‐DFA). MF‐DFA allows us to analyze the return series in ways not possible using a monofractal analytical techniques such as detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and R/S method. The bipower variation method suggests that the Bitcoin returns are efficient and contain some large finite jumps. Using MF‐DFA, we find that the Bitcoin returns are multifractal and, therefore, the Bitcoin market is not efficient. By carrying out further analysis, we also find that the multifractility and inefficiency are caused by the autocorrelated returns as well as extreme returns.
Temporomandibular disorders in Class II malocclusion patients after surgical mandibular advancement treatment as compared to non‐treated patients
Authors: Paunonen Jaakko , Helminen Mika , Sipilä Kirsi , Peltomäki Timo 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundSevere malocclusions may cause functional and aesthetic problems and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Studies have investigated association between malocclusions and TMDs and shown controversial findings.ObjectivePurpose of this investigation was to examine the prevalence of TMD sub‐diagnoses, using Diagnostic Criteria for the TMD (DC/TMD), in patients with Class II malocclusion and retrognathic mandible who had undergone mandibular advancement surgery 4‐8 years previously, and to compare their frequencies with non‐treated patients with a similar pre‐existing condition.MethodsStudy cohort comprised 151 patients who had orthognathic treatment due to mandibular retrognathia in 2007‐2011. Seventy‐seven (51%) participated in the study (Group 1). Group 2 comprised 22 patients who were planned for orthognathic treatment but had not started their treatment. Patients filled in the Finnish version of the DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire and were examined using to the DC/TMD Axis I. DC/TMD Symptom Questionnaire were inquired by phone from 24 of the 74 patients who did not participate in the study.ResultsResults showed that Group 2 had more myalgia (13% vs 50%, P < 0.001) and arthralgia (18% vs 65%, P < 0.001) sub‐diagnoses than Group 1. A tendency was noted that Group 2 had more pain‐related TMD symptoms than Group 1. No differences were found between Groups 1 and 3 in gender and age distribution or frequency TMD symptoms.ConclusionPrevalence of especially pain‐related TMD diagnoses was higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1, thus indicating a possible beneficial effect of this treatment for TMD.
Preliminary exploration for evaluating acuity of oral texture perception
Authors: Furukawa Nao , Ito Yoshihiko , Tanaka Yasue , Ito Wakana , Hattori Yoshinori 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the important role of oral texture perception in feeding and nutritional homeostasis, its impairment has not been of particular clinical interest, and no clinical protocol is available to evaluate its acuity. This preliminary study aimed to establish a method to evaluate the acuity of oral texture perception. Because texture perception is regarded as reflecting integrity of the sensorimotor system of the jaw and mouth, we hypothesized that the ability to perceive various aspects of food texture would correlate with each other, and tested our hypothesis in 11 healthy adults. First, we prepared three types of test foods with different dominant textures, each of which comprised a series of stimuli with different ingredient concentrations; we used these test foods in discrimination tests involving pairwise comparison. Tests performed using the up‐down staircase method revealed significant correlation among the discrimination thresholds for three test foods, suggesting that acuities of texture perception correlated with each other across different textural attributes. Second, we examined the associations between the acuity of texture perception and some aspects of mechanical sensation of the tongue: tactile and two‐point discrimination thresholds, as well as the graininess recognition threshold. The acuity of texture perception of the subjects whose sensitivity was low for at least one of these aspects of mechanical sensation (n = 5) was significantly lower than that exhibited by the other subjects (Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, p = 0.0417). We concluded that oral texture perception ability can be evaluated by discrimination tests for specific aspects of texture, using appropriate test foods.
Ecological interaction of a “parasitic” candiru catfish and botos (Inia geoffrensis)
Authors: Araújo‐Wang Claryana , Schormans Erin K. , Wang John Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe range of ecological interactions of the boto (Inia geoffrensis), an obligate freshwater dolphin of South America, is poorly known. We describe a new interaction between botos and small candiru catfish (genus Ochmacanthus), and their possible relationships. Candirus were photographed on at least 29 different botos. The minimum number of candirus per boto varied greatly from 1 to >230 (mean = 16.3, SD = 39.4, mode = 1). Our observations showed that candiru‐boto interactions occur commonly year‐round. Two types of ecological interaction may be occurring: parasitism (trophic) or phoresy (nontrophic). Although candirus are generally known as parasites, the candiru‐boto relationship does not appear to fulfill several characteristics of a typical parasitic interaction. Thus, the candiru‐boto relationship is most likely phoretic in nature. A shift in candiru trophic strategy may occur depending on the victim (botos or fish) and on the spatial scale, and human activities may influence the nature of these complex ecological interactions.
Life‐history strategies indicate live‐bearing in Nothosaurus (Sauropterygia)
Authors: Griebeler Eva M. , Klein Nicole 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn Sauropterygia, a diverse group of Mesozoic marine reptiles, fossil evidence of viviparity (live‐bearing) only exists for Pachypleurosauria and Plesiosauria, and was assumed to also be the case for nothosaurs. Previous studies have successfully applied an extant squamate model to sauropterygian life‐history traits. In extant squamates, oviparity and viviparity are associated with differences in life‐history trait combinations. We establish growth curves for Nothosaurus specimens based on their humeral histology. We then analyse life‐history traits derived from these curves and compare inferred traits to those of modern squamates and pachypleurosaurs to assess their reproduction mode. We show that birth to adult size ratios (i.e. birth size divided by the mother's size) provide good estimates of clutch sizes in extant squamates and in viviparous extinct marine reptiles, but these ratios cannot discriminate viviparous and oviparous squamates. Thus, large ratios do not indicate viviparity in fossil taxa to which the extant squamate model is applicable. Applying differences in birth size, age at maturation, and maximum longevity that are observed between extant viviparous and oviparous squamates to our Nothosaurus sample, we identified 7 out of 24 specimens as being potentially viviparous. Conversely, they suggested oviparity for many nothosaurs but also for many pachypleurosaur samples. Under the assumption that the entire clade Pachypleurosauria was viviparous, the majority of nothosaurs would also have been viviparous as they comprised trait combinations similar to those seen in pachypleurosaurs. Overall, this suggests that within nothosaurs and pachypleurosaurs both reproduction modes existed in different taxa.
The Facts and Practices of Moral Responsibility
Authors: De Mesel Benjamin , Heyndels Sybren 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStrawsonians about moral responsibility often claim that our practices of holding morally responsible fix the facts of moral responsibility, rather than the other way round. Many have argued that such ‘reversal’ claims have an unwelcome consequence: If our practices of holding morally responsible fix the facts of moral responsibility, does this not imply, absurdly, that if we held severely mentally ill people responsible, they would be responsible? We provide a new Strawsonian answer to this question, and we explore the relation between reversal claims and (in)compatibilism.
Enhancing diabetes care through care coordination, telemedicine, and education: Evaluation of a rural pilot program
Authors: McLendon Susan F. , Wood Felecia G. , Stanley Nancy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive evaluation of a grant‐funded pilot diabetes care program. Rural adult patients living with poorly controlled diabetes were targeted for care.Design and SampleRetrospective study using a purposive sample of patients at select primary care sites with a glycated hemoglobin (A1C) greater than 8%. Interventions included nurse care management, telemedicine endocrinology consults, as well as diabetes self‐management education (DSME), to enhance disease management and prevention of complications.MeasuresPre/post labs, DSME test scores, hospital claims data, satisfaction surveys, and a focus group were evaluated.ResultsFifty‐nine adults, 21–76 years of age, participated. Interventions demonstrated statistically significant reduction in A1C (10.10 vs. 9.27; p value = 0.002); DSME test score improvement (76.23 vs. 96.04; p < 0.05) and reduced hospital utilization (Emergency Department use 0.86 vs. 0.40; p value = 0.04; inpatient admissions 0.09 vs. 0.02; p value = 0.02). Patients and providers indicated strong satisfaction with the program components. Less hospital utilization reduced emergency department costs by 51.4% and inpatient costs by 96%. A rural community advisory network indicated satisfaction in delivery of program activities and outcome measures.ConclusionsThis rural model shows potential for improving diabetes control, access to specialty care through telemedicine, and reduction of health care utilization costs.