bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockchain and supply chain management integration: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Queiroz Maciel M. , Telles Renato , Bonilla Silvia H. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to identify, analyse and organise the literature about blockchains in supply chain management (SCM) context (blockchain–SCM integration) and proposes an agenda for future research. This study aims to shed light on what the main current blockchain applications in SCM are, what the main disruptions and challenges are in SCM because of blockchain adoption and what the future of blockchains holds in SCM.

Design/methodology/approach
This study followed the systematic review approach to analyse and synthesise the extant literature on blockchain–SCM integration. The review analysed 27 papers between 2008 and 2018 in peer-reviewed journals.

Findings
Blockchain–SCM integration is still in its infancy. Scholars and practitioners are not fully aware of the potential of blockchain technology to disrupt traditional business models. However, the electric power industry seems to have a relatively mature understanding of blockchain–SCM integration, demonstrated by the use of smart contracts. Additionally, the disintermediation provided by blockchain applications has the potential to disrupt traditional industries (e.g. health care, transportation and retail).

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of this study are represented mainly by the scarcity of studies on blockchain–SCM integration in leading journals and databases.

Practical implications
This study highlights examples of blockchain–SCM integration, emphasising the need to rethink business models to incorporate blockchain technology.

Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to synthesise existing publications about the blockchain–SCM integration, shedding light on the disruption caused by, and the necessity of, the SCM reconfigurations.
Nocturnal ventricular arrhythmias are associated with the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Chuhui , Wang Weimin , Zhou Wen , Jin Jiewen , Chen Wei , Zhu Dalong , Bi Yan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a risk factor for arrhythmias and adverse cardiovascular events, but the relationship between CAN severity and nocturnal arrhythmias needs to be clarified. This study evaluated the association between nocturnal arrhythmias and CAN severity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsIn all, 219 T2D patients were recruited from January 2017 to May 2018. Subjects were classified into no CAN (NCAN), early CAN (ECAN), definite CAN (DCAN), or advanced CAN (ACAN) based on cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs). A 24‐hour electrocardiogram was recorded and daytime (0700‐2300 hours) and night‐time (2300‐0700 hours) heartbeats were analyzed separately.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias increased with CAN severity at night‐time (18.6%, 29.9%, 36.2%, and 60.0% in the NCAN, ECAN, DCAN, and ACAN groups, respectively; Ptrend = 0.034). Patients with nocturnal ventricular arrhythmias (NVAs) had higher CART scores (2.0 ± 1.0 vs 1.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.001) and lower heart rate variability (HRV) during deep breathing (9.5 ± 5.7 vs 11.6 ± 6.6 b. p. m; P = 0.021), HRV during the Valsalva maneuver (1.2 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.2; P = 0.006), and postural blood pressure change (−8.8 ± 15.5 vs −4.1 ± 11.2 mmHg; P = 0.023). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that CAN stage (odds ratio 1.765; 95% confidence interval 1.184‐2.632; P = 0.005) was independently associated with NVAs.ConclusionsIn T2D, CAN stage was independently associated with the presence of NVAs. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of CAN may help predict and prevent adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes.
Deep‐sea hydrothermal vent metagenome‐assembled genomes provide insight into the phylum Nanoarchaeota
Authors: St. John Emily , Flores Gilberto E. , Meneghin Jennifer , Reysenbach Anna‐Louise 
Published: February 2019

SummaryEctosymbiotic Nanoarchaeota live on the surface of diverse archaeal hosts. Despite being broadly distributed in global geothermal systems, only three Nanoarchaeota have been successfully co‐cultivated with their hosts, and until now no nanoarchaeotal cultures or genomes have been described from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents. We recovered three nanoarchaeotal metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) from deep‐sea hydrothermal vent sites at the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (M10‐121), Guaymas Basin (Gua‐46) and the Mid‐Cayman Rise (MC‐1). Based on average amino acid identity analysis, M10‐121 is a novel species in the candidate genus Nanoclepta, while the other two MAGs represent novel genera in the Nanoarchaeota. Like previously sequenced Nanoarchaeota, each MAG encodes at least one split protein‐coding gene. The MAGs also contain a mosaic of key nanoarchaeotal features, including CRISPR repeat regions and marker genes for gluconeogenesis and archaeal flagella. MC‐1 also encodes the pentose bisphosphate pathway, which may allow the nanoarchaeote to bypass several steps in glycolysis and produce ATP.
Tracktor: Image‐based automated tracking of animal movement and behaviour
Authors: Sridhar Vivek Hari , Roche Dominique G. , Gingins Simon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Automated movement tracking is essential for high‐throughput quantitative analyses of the behaviour and kinematics of organisms. Automated tracking also improves replicability by avoiding observer bias and allowing reproducible workflows. However, few automated tracking programs exist that are open access, open source and capable of tracking unmarked organisms in noisy environments.

Tracktor is an image‐based tracking freeware designed to perform single‐object tracking in noisy environments, or multi‐object tracking in uniform environments while maintaining individual identities. Tracktor is code‐based but requires no coding skills other than the user being able to specify tracking parameters in a designated location, much like in a graphical user interface. The installation and use of the software is fully detailed in a user manual.

Through four examples of common tracking problems, we show that Tracktor is able to track a variety of animals in diverse conditions. The main strengths of Tracktor lie in its ability to track single individuals under noisy conditions (e.g. when the object shape is distorted), its robustness to perturbations (e.g. changes in lighting conditions during the experiment), and its capacity to track multiple unmarked individuals while maintaining their identities. Additionally, summary statistics and plots allow measuring and visualising common metrics used in the analysis of animal movement (e.g. cumulative distance, speed, acceleration, activity, time spent in specific areas and distance to conspecific, etc.).

Tracktor is a versatile, reliable and easy‐to‐use automated tracking software that is compatible with all operating systems and provides many features not available in other existing freeware. Access Tracktor and the complete user manual here: https://github.com/vivekhsridhar/tracktor
Can Socially Responsible Investments Be Compatible with Financial Performance? A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Chang‐Soo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether socially responsible investment (SRI) outperforms conventional investments by meta‐analysis. The result shows that weighted average effect size is not significantly different from zero, suggesting that SRI performance is not different from conventional investments. Meta‐regression results regarding sampling issues indicate that economic crisis, control group, investment universe, screening procedure, and mutual funds are important determinants of effect sizes, and publication year, author type, and control group are important factors of the absolute value of effect sizes. Regarding methodological issues, risk adjustment, weighting scheme, data refinement, benchmark model, and matching procedure are significant factors determining the absolute value of effect sizes.
Handling interoccasion variability in model‐based dose individualization using therapeutic drug monitoring data
Authors: Abrantes João A. , Jönsson Siv , Karlsson Mats O. , Nielsen Elisabet I. 
Published: February 2019

AimsThis study aims to assess approaches to handle interoccasion variability (IOV) in a model‐based therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) context, using a population pharmacokinetic model of coagulation factor VIII as example.MethodsWe assessed 5 model‐based TDM approaches: empirical Bayes estimates (EBEs) from a model including IOV, with individualized doses calculated based on individual parameters either (i) including or (ii) excluding variability related to IOV; and EBEs from a model excluding IOV by (iii) setting IOV to zero, (iv) summing variances of interindividual variability (IIV) and IOV into a single IIV term, or (v) re‐estimating the model without IOV. The impact of varying IOV magnitudes (0–50%) and number of occasions/observations was explored. The approaches were compared with conventional weight‐based dosing. Predictive performance was assessed with the prediction error percentiles.ResultsWhen IOV was lower than IIV, the accuracy was good for all approaches (50th percentile of the prediction error [P50] <7.4%), but the precision varied substantially between IOV magnitudes (P97.5 61–528%). Approach (ii) was the most precise forecasting method across a wide range of scenarios, particularly in case of sparse sampling or high magnitudes of IOV. Weight‐based dosing led to less precise predictions than the model‐based TDM approaches in most scenarios.ConclusionsBased on the studied scenarios and theoretical expectations, the best approach to handle IOV in model‐based dose individualization is to include IOV in the generation of the EBEs but exclude the portion of unexplained variability related to IOV in the individual parameters used to calculate the future dose.
A qualitative, prospective study of children's understanding of weight gain
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Wertheim Eleanor H. , Damiano Stephanie R. , Gregg Karen J. , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: February 2019

This study examined 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children's understandings of increases in body size via a qualitative prospective approach. A sample of 259 children (55.2% girls) was interviewed at 3, 4, and 5 years old. Participants were shown an average and a larger size figure of a child of their gender and age. Responses to ‘Why do you think the boy/girl got bigger here?’ were coded using thematic analysis. Diet was cited as a mechanism for increased body size by almost 50% of children referring to this by age 5. Few children mentioned physical activity. Responses suggesting that increases in body size had negative implications increased between ages 3 and 5. Awareness of associations between diet and weight gain emerges as young as 3 years old and increases over time, as do negative attitudes about weight gain. This age may be opportune for interventions targeting sustainable healthy behaviours.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Even very young children present weight bias.

Their understanding of the social messages regarding weight and shape increases with age.

Older children present a partial understanding of how diet and physical activity are related to body size.

What does this study add?

Very young children's understandings of increases in body size were investigated.

Eating and food‐related mechanisms, as well as ageing, were salient.

By age 5, over a third of children associated increases in body size with negative implications.
Substratification of patients with newly diagnosed standard‐risk multiple myeloma
Authors: Binder Moritz , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Ketterling Rhett P. , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hwa Yi L. , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Leung Nelson , Kapoor Prashant , Go Ronald S. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDespite the absence of high‐risk cytogenetics and lower International Staging System (ISS) stages, a subset of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) experience poor overall survival (OS). We studied 1461 patients with newly diagnosed MM to identify patient and disease characteristics that predict a high‐risk phenotype among standard‐risk patients. Fifty‐six percent of all patients presented with standard‐risk disease. Among them, advanced age, extremes of body mass index, non‐hyperdiploid karyotype and abnormal lymphocyte counts were associated with worse OS. Standard‐risk patients with 0–1 of these adverse factors (hazard ratio [HR] 0·32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0·24–0·43, P < 0·001) and 2 adverse factors (HR 0·54, 95% CI 0·41–0·72, P < 0·001) experienced better OS than high‐risk patients. Two or more adverse factors were present in 17% of standard‐risk patients and were associated with OS comparable to high‐risk patients (HR 0·91, 95% CI 0·67–1·24, P = 0·548). Predictive power among standard‐risk patients was improved using score groups compared to ISS stages. Patients with standard‐risk MM are a heterogeneous group with one in six patients experiencing OS comparable to high‐risk disease. Patients at risk can be identified using readily available patient and disease characteristics. These findings emphasize the importance of accurate risk stratification and help explain part of the heterogeneity observed in clinical practice.
Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor mechanisms underlie cannabis reward and aversion in rats
Authors: Spiller Krista J. , Bi Guo‐hua , He Yi , Galaj Ewa , Gardner Eliot L. , Xi Zheng‐Xiong 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeEndocannabinoids are critically involved in brain reward functions, mediated by activation of CB1 receptors, reflecting their high density in the brain. However, the recent discovery of CB2 receptors in the brain, particularly in the midbrain dopamine neurons, has challenged this view and inspired us to re‐examine the roles of both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the effects of cannabis.Experimental ApproachIn the present study, we used the electrical intracranial self‐stimulation paradigm to evaluate the effects of various cannabinoid drugs on brain reward in laboratory rats and the roles of CB1 and CB2 receptors activation in brain reward function(s).Key ResultsTwo mixed CB1 / CB2 receptor agonists, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) and WIN55,212‐2, produced biphasic effects—mild enhancement of brain‐stimulation reward (BSR) at low doses but inhibition at higher doses. Pretreatment with a CB1 receptor antagonist (AM251) attenuated the low dose‐enhanced BSR, while a CB2 receptor antagonist (AM630) attenuated high dose‐inhibited BSR. To confirm these opposing effects, rats were treated with selective CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists. These compounds produced significant BSR enhancement and inhibition, respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsCB1 receptor activation produced reinforcing effects, whereas CB2 receptor activation was aversive. The subjective effects of cannabis depend on the balance of these opposing effects. These findings not only explain previous conflicting results in animal models of addiction but also explain why cannabis can be either rewarding or aversive in humans, as expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors may differ in the brains of different subjects.
Impact of treated and untreated traumatic dental injuries on oral health‐related quality of life among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Amman
Authors: Rajab Lamis D. , Abu Al Huda Dana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) could have negative effects on the physical and psychosocial well‐being of children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of TDI and the impact of treated/untreated TDI on the quality of life of children among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Amman.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 1652 schoolchildren aged 12 years enrolled in schools in Amman. OHRQol was assessed using the Arabic version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11‐14). Diagnosis of traumatic dental injury was based on Andreasen's classification. Dental caries and malocclusion were also recorded and analyzed along with social class. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of TDI was 14.6%. There was a statistically significant impact of untreated TDI on all items of CPQ11‐14. When children with treated TDI were compared with those who had not suffered TDI, the only statistically significant impact was difficulty in chewing. Compared to children with treated TDI and those who had not suffered TDI, children with untreated TDI experienced significantly higher impacts related to the overall OHRQol, oral symptoms, the emotional and social well‐being domains. Regarding functional limitation domain, children with untreated TDI experienced a significantly higher impact than children who had not suffered TDI, but children with treated TDI still had some limitations.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TDI was 14.6%. Untreated TDI had a negative impact on OHRQol compared to absence of or treated TDI among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren in Amman.
Lipid markers and related transcripts during excitotoxic neurodegeneration in kainate‐treated mice
Authors: Chali Farah , Milior Giampaolo , Marty Serge , Morin‐Brureau Mélanie , Le Duigou Caroline , Savary Etienne , Blugeon Corinne , Jourdren Laurent , Miles Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLipid homeostasis is dysregulated in some neurodegenerative diseases and after brain injuries due to excess glutamate or lack of oxygen. However the kinetics and cell specificity of dysregulation in different groups of lipids during excitotoxic neuronal death are not clear. Here we examined the changes during excitotoxic neuronal death induced by injecting kainic acid (KA) into the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus. We compared neuronal loss and glial cell proliferation with changes in lipid‐related transcripts and markers for different lipid groups, over 12 days after KA‐treatment. As neurons showed initial signs of damage, transcripts and proteins linked to fatty acid oxidation were up‐regulated. Cholesterol biosynthesis induced by transcripts controlled by the transcription factor Srebp2 seems to be responsible for a transient increase in neuronal free cholesterol at 1 to 2 days. In microglia, but not in neurons, Perilipin‐2 associated lipid droplets were induced and properties of Nile red emissions suggest lipid contents change over time. After microglial expression of phagocytotic markers at 2 days, some neutral lipid deposits co‐localized with lysosome markers of microglia and were detected within putative phagocytotic cups. These data delineate distinct lipid signals in neurons and glial cells during excitotoxic processes from initial neuronal damage to engagement of the lysosome–phagosome system.
The effect of medial pulvinar stimulation on temporal lobe seizures
Authors: Filipescu Cristina , Lagarde Stanislas , Lambert Isabelle , Pizzo Francesca , Trébuchon Agnès , McGonigal Aileen , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe investigated the effect of electrical stimulation of the medial pulvinar (PuM) in terms of its effect on temporal lobe seizures. Eight patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing stereoelectroencephalographic exploration were included. All had at least one electrode exploring the PuM. High‐frequency (50 Hz) stimulations of the PuM were well tolerated in the majority of them. During diagnostic stimulation to confirm the epileptogenic zone, 19 seizures were triggered by stimulating the hippocampus. During some of these seizures, ipsilateral pulvinar stimulation was applied (130 Hz, pulse width = 450 microseconds, duration = 3‐7 seconds, 1‐2 mA). Compared to non–PuM‐stimulated seizures, five of eight patients experienced clinically less severe seizures, particularly in terms of degree of alteration of consciousness. On the electrical level, seizures were more rapidly clonic with a shorter tonic phase. This proof of concept study is the first to suggest that PuM stimulation could be a well‐tolerated and effective means of therapeutic deep brain stimulation in drug‐resistant epilepsies.
Female–female aggression is linked to food defence in a poison frog
Authors: Pröhl Heike , Scherm Martin G. , Meneses Santiago , Dreher Corinna E. , Meuche Ivonne , Rodríguez Ariel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHabitat occupancy by territorial animals is expected to depend on the distribution of critical resources. Knowledge on female territoriality is scarce, but it has been suggested as a mechanism to defend limited resources for reproduction. A previous study showed female intrasexual aggression to be associated with territorial behaviour in the strawberry poison frogOophaga pumilio, a diurnal aposematic species with complex maternal care. Here, we investigate the link between spatial distribution of resources important for reproduction and female distribution and behaviour. We observed focal females in their natural habitat in Costa Rica, and recorded the distribution of ecological predictor variables in a grid system. We used the data for calculating home range and territory sizes and for connecting female habitat use to the distribution of potential resources by computing spatial habitat occupancy models. Even though we found females to occupy large home ranges, they were highly aggressive towards other females only inside a small part of their home range, here termed core area. Among the ecological factors, the sustained abundance of ants (main food item of the frogs), the presence of leaf litter and suitable rearing sites for tadpoles predicted female site occupancy patterns. The number of ants per grid was twice as high in the core areas compared to the rest of the female home ranges. Our results suggest that female spacing behaviour is principally driven by the spatial distribution of its main food resource, but that hiding places (leaf litter) and tadpole‐rearing sites also play a role. The defence of areas with sustainably high abundance of ants could be relevant, as egg production and maternal care are energetically highly demanding in this prolonged‐breeding species. Regarding the link between resource defence and maternal care, the reproductive strategy of female strawberry poison frogs resembles that of the females of small mammals comprising same‐sex competition for food and high investment in producing and rearing young.