bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is locating acute wards in the general hospital an essential element in psychiatric reform? The UK experience
Authors: Totman Jonathan , Mann Farhana , Johnson Sonia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLocating psychiatric wards in general hospitals has long been seen in many countries as a key element in the reform of services to promote community integration of the mentally ill. In the UK, however, this is no longer a policy priority, and the recent trend has been towards small freestanding inpatient units, located either within the communities they serve, or on general hospital sites, but separate from the main building. Whether locating the psychiatric wards in the general hospital is essential to psychiatric reform has been little discussed, and we can find no relevant evidence.Perceived strengths of general hospital psychiatric wards are in normalisation of mental health problems, accessibility to local communities, better availability of physical health care resources, and integration of psychiatry with the rest of the medical profession, which may faclilitate recruitment. However, difficulties seem to have been encountered in establishing well-designed psychiatric wards with access to open space in general hospitals. Also, physical proximity may not be enough to achieve the desired reduction in stigma, and complaints from the general hospital may sometimes result in undue restrictions on psychiatric ward patients. There are strong arguments both for and against locating psychiatric wards in general hospitals: an empirical evidence base would be helpful to inform important decisions about the best setting for wards.Declaration of Interest: None.
Assessing risk of bias in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Purgato Marianna , Barbui Corrado , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEven though randomised controlled trials are the design of choice for evaluating the efficacy of health care interventions, they are not immune to bias that may affect research process and validity of results. In the present paper we discussed how trial quality may be appraised considering both whether a clinical trial is reported in a comprehensive and complete way (consistently with what had been declared in the study protocol), and whether the characteristics of the trial itself are associated with risk of bias.
Employees with mental health problems: Survey of UK employers' knowledge, attitudes and workplace practices
Authors: Brohan Elaine , Henderson Claire , Little Kirsty , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYAim– To investigate whether employers who have experience of hiring people with mental health problems differ significantly from those without such experience in terms of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours regarding mental health in the workplace, and the concerns which they report about employing people with mental health problems. We also examine whether non-workplace social contact is associated with the above variables.Methods– A telephone survey was conducted with a randomly selected sample of British employers. The sample included a similar number of human resource managers and managers/executive employees in other roles.Results– 502 employers took part. Having employed someone with a mental health problem was associated with closer non-workplace social contact. Those with experience of employing applicants with mental health problems had significant differences in knowledge (regarding the law), and behaviour (having a policy on hiring applicants with disabilities) but not in attitudes.Conclusions– Non-workplace social contact may be useful to consider in understanding hiring practices. The nature of social contact at work and possible lack of impact of this contact on employer attitudes and concerns warrants further study. Greater support is needed for employers to understand the law regarding mental health problems in the workplace.Declaration of Interest:The study was part funded by Big Lottery and Comic Relief through their funding of the Time to Change programme. The study was also supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) applied programme grant awarded to the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. The authors report no conflict of interest in the preparation of this manuscript.
Authors are not criminals and editors should not be policemen
Authors: Jorgensen Povl Munk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAuthors are a necessary and most appreciated basis for the publishing of any scientific journal. They should be welcomed for their creativity, originality and productivity, not stigmatized in general as cheaters and criminals because a very few were tempted beyond their control to cut the slices a bit too thin, overdo the utilization of leftover data, listed too many authors to a paper, forgot to report a harmless study to an ethical committee, or in very few cases commit severe actions of fraud.The managerial way of thinking, meeting every author with systems of control and limitations is like poison to creative minds. Instead of appointing editors as policemen, we may preferably meet the vast majority of classical scholarly working scientists with trust, confidence and support, facilitating the process of disseminating the results from their creative minds – and of course consequently show the deliberately cheating researchers the door when they act unfaithfully to the scientific society.
The place of theBritish Journal of Psychiatryin the mental health league
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTheBritish Journal of Psychiatryis an independent mainstream general psychiatric journal that competes reasonably well with others in the field. It does so by keeping a healthy balance between the demands of its readers, its contributors and the need for good science. It publishes an eclectic mix of original articles, reviews, editorials, reappraisals, comment, opinion and extras, the latter including poetry, short summaries, literature and psychiatry, and a touch of humour. These contributions are not always in keeping with the harsh requirements of the impact factor, but we judge that this makes for a better all-round journal that advances psychiatry in all its manifold aspects and is anything but dull.
World Psychiatry and the WPA task force to promote dissemination of psychiatric research conducted in low and middle income countries
Authors: Maj Mario 
Published: April 2019

Abstract.World Psychiatry, the official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), is now published in five languages (English, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French) and reaches more than 33,000 psychiatrists in 121 countries. It received recently its first impact factor, 3.896. The publication of the journal has two objectives. The first is to reach as many psychiatrists of the various countries of the world as possible, disseminating information on recent significant clinical, service and research developments in a language that can be assimilated by the vast majority of them. The second is to give voice to psychiatrists of all regions of the world, encouraging submission of research papers, commentaries and reports on innovative service modalities. Related to this second objective has been the establishment by the WPA of a task force aiming to promote dissemination of psychiatric research conducted in low and middle income countries. Among the objectives of this task force is to advise and support the editors of high quality journals produced in those countries in their efforts to achieve indexation.Declaration of Interest: None.
Longitudinal imaging studies in schizophrenia: the relationship between brain morphology and outcome measures
Authors: Bellani Marcella , Dusi Nicola , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImaging studies have tried to identify morphological outcome measures of schizophrenia in the last two decades. In particular, longitudinal studies have reported a correlation between larger ventricles, decreased prefrontal volumes and worse outcome. This would potentially allow to isolate subtypes of schizophrenia patients with a worse prognosis and more evident biological impairments, ultimately helping in designing specific rehabilitation interventions.
The process of producing a “NICE” guideline
Authors: Goldberg David 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYThis paper describes the process of preparing a Clinical Guideline for “NICE”, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom. The procedure involves the group appointed to prepare the guideline relating to the various “stakeholders” who have an interest on the one hand, and satisfying the fairly demanding standards set by NICE on the other. The strengths and limitations of the approach based on evidence based medicine are discussed.
Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: personality traits as possible mediators
Authors: Fassino Secondo , Amianto Federico , Rocca Giuseppe , Abbate Daga Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYAims– The relationship between eating disorders, attachment, personality traits and eating psychopathology remains unexplored. This study tested the mediating role of temperament and character between parental bonding and psy-chopathology in bulimic women.Methods– 154 bulimic subjects and 154 healthy controls were compared using Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Multiple regression analysis tested the mediation of personality traits between parenting and eating psy-chopathology.Results– Bulimic subjects displayed low maternal and paternal care and low self-directedness, and high novelty seeking and eating psychopathology. Maternal care was negatively related to social insecurity, inadequacy and impulsiveness. Paternal care predicted novelty seeking, self-directedness, interoceptive awareness, impulsiveness, and asceticism. The mediation effect of self-directedness between paternal care and psychopathology was significant, not the one of novelty seeking. Conclusions – Parental care is lower in bulimic than in control women even when controlled for possible confounding variables. Some eating psychopathology traits are related to maternal and paternal care, but not the bulimia subscale. Paternal care is also related to temperament and character traits which are related to eating psychopathology. Self-directedness mediates with different degrees between parenting and eating psychopathology. Clinical implications are discussed.Declaration of Interest:The first author received financing from Compagnia di San Paolo Foundation for the research on eating disorders (3989 IT/FA 2005.1797). The National Eating Disorder Association (NEDA) awarded a Charron Family Grant to the second author to sustain research about the families of subjects affected by eating disorders. The third author received a grant from “Regione Piemonte” for research on Eating Disorders for the years 2008 and 2009. The authors have not received any other financing for the present research, including pharmaceutical company support or any honoraria for consultancies for interventions during the last two years. The authors are not involved in any conflict of interest in connection to the submitted article.
Do financial incentives increase treatment adherence in people with severe mental illness? A systematic review
Authors: Burton Alexandra , Marougka Stamatina , Priebe Stefan 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYAim – To identify whether financial or material incentives improve treatment adherence in people with severe mental illness. Method – A systematic review of studies published between 1950 and 2008 was conducted. EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBM, AMED and PsycINFO were searched. Studies were included if a financial or material incentive was offered and if the sample had a severe mental illness. Results – Fourteen articles were identified; three studies on adherence to psychiatric treatment and one on physical exercise. Ten articles used incentives for adherence to substance misuse treatment programmes. In all studies, financial incentives were associated with an increase in adherence; however the effect was not always maintained once the incentive was withdrawn. Conclusion – While existing research suggests that financial incentives may improve treatment adherence in severely mentally ill populations, very few studies focus on psychiatric treatment. Further research may address the long term effectiveness of incentives on adherence in this population.Declaration of Interest: The authors on this paper were supported by funds from the Wellcome Trust. All authors worked on a Wellcome Trust funded qualitative focus group study exploring stakeholder views on offering patients financial incentives to adhere to antipsychotic medication. Priebe is also lead applicant on a National Institute of Health Research (England) (NIHR) awarded grant to conduct a clinical trial on the use of financial incentives to achieve maintenance antipsychotic medication adherence.
High‐voltage switch‐mode assisted linear amplifier based voltage source for dielectric low frequency‐domain spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Nielsen Shawn D. , Walker Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2019

This study presents a switch‐mode assisted linear amplifier (SMALA) designed for use as a frequency‐domain spectroscopy (FDS) excitation voltage source for the diagnostic testing of oil/paper insulation systems in large power transformers. The developed voltage source has a low output voltage noise level and low harmonic content and is capable of driving highly capacitive loads with a maximum output voltage of 800 Vp‐p in the frequency range of DC to 100 Hz and current limited to 20 mA. Disturbances in the output voltage associated with switching of the main switching amplifier are minimised through the control of the switching time, taking the slew rate of the correction amplifier into account. The switching time of the main switching amplifier can be effectively controlled using a combination of a simple RC filter on the output of the main switching amplifier and controlling the rise‐time and fall‐time of the MOSFET gate drive voltage. Using the developed SMALA unit, it was possible to perform FDS measurement on an oil/paper‐insulated transformer at an elevated excitation voltage. This resulted in a non‐linear response current, manifesting as odd harmonics in the measured current.
Mass reduction of superconducting power generators for large wind turbines
Authors: Kails Kevin , Li Quan , Mueller Markus 
Published: April 2019

High temperature superconductors (HTS) enable very compact electric machines with high power density. Here, an HTS power generator based on authors’ previous double claw pole design is studied and improved. The original design of the double claw pole machine features a stationary field core to provide support and access to the superconducting field winding and its cryostat. It does not serve any other purpose. However, a homopolar field passes through it. The improvement was made to replace the field core by iron‐cored copper coils, creating an inner stator within the generator to increase the electric loading. Through this step, the power output of the generator was increased from 10 to 11.6 MW, increasing the power density from 54.28 to 63.54 W/kg while maintaining the same outer diameter.
Solving the distance discrepancy for the open cluster NGC 2453
Authors: González-Díaz D. , Moni Bidin C. , Silva-Villa E. , Carraro G. , Majaess D. , Moitinho A. , Orquera-Rojas C. , Morales Marín C. A. L. , Morales-Campaña E. 
Published: April 2019

Context. The open cluster (OC) NGC 2453 is of particular importance since it has been considered to host the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 2452, however their distances and radial velocities are strongly contested.
Aims. In order to obtain a complete picture of the fundamental parameters of the OC NGC 2453, 11 potential members were studied. The results allowed us to resolve the PN NGC 2452 membership debate.
Methods. Radial velocities for the 11 stars in NGC 2453 and the PN were measured and matched with Gaia data release 2 (DR2) to estimate the cluster distance. In addition, we used deep multi-band UBVRI photometry to get fundamental parameters of the cluster via isochrone fitting on the most likely cluster members, reducing inaccuracies due to field stars.
Results. The distance of the OC NGC 2453 (4.7 ± 0.2 kpc) was obtained with an independent method solving the discrepancy reported in the literature. This result is in good agreement with an isochrone fitting of 40–50 Myr. On the other hand, the radial velocity of NGC 2453 (78 ± 3 km s−1) disagrees with the velocity of NGC 2452 (62 ± 2 km s−1). Our results show that the PN is a foreground object in the line of sight.
Conclusions. Due to the discrepancies found in the parameters studied, we conclude that the PN NGC 2452 is not a member of the OC NGC 2453.
Emergency Department Ophthalmology Consultations in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Heiferman Michael , Khanna Saira , Gu David , Agron Samantha , Eichinger Sarah , Bryar Paul 
Published: April 2019

Objective The main objective of this article is to characterize ophthalmology consultations in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care hospital and identify specific ways to modify the curriculum for ophthalmology and emergency medicine residency programs to train residents to effectively manage eye-related consultations.
Design This is a retrospective chart review study of ED encounters between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2017 during which ophthalmology was consulted.
Setting Single-center urban tertiary care center.
Participants All adult patients who were seen by the ophthalmology consultation service in the ED during the study time period.
Main Outcome Measured We identified the reason for and timing of ophthalmology consultation; diagnoses made in the ED and follow-up ophthalmology clinic visit; procedures resulting from consultation; and communication with a senior resident, fellow, or attending.
Results We identified 3,583 consecutive ED encounters with an ophthalmology consultation over a 9-year period. About 51.1% of patients were female and mean age of patients was 49 years. Blurry vision/vision loss was the most common reason for consultation (24.8%) and posterior vitreous detachment was the most common diagnosis made in the ED by the ophthalmology team (11.0%). Of the patients with documented follow-up ophthalmology clinic visits, 96.7% of diagnoses made at the first ophthalmology clinic visit were the same as those determined in the ED. About 12.7% of visits resulted in a procedure with the most common being eyelid laceration repairs, pars plana vitrectomy, and laser retinopexy. Overall, 40.4% of visits required communication with a senior resident, fellow, or attending. The frequency of residents seeking assistance from more senior ophthalmologists decreased over the course of the academic year (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions This study provides data that ophthalmology residency training programs can use to more effectively prepare residents for consultations in the ED. Furthermore, identifying the reasons for consultation and subsequent diagnoses can guide the education of emergency medicine physicians to improve their ability to diagnose and triage ophthalmologic presentations.
Optogenetic fMRI interrogation of brain-wide central vestibular pathways
Authors: Leong Alex T. L. , Gu Yong , Chan Ying-Shing , Zheng Hairong , Dong Celia M. , Chan Russell W. , Wang Xunda , Liu Yilong , Tan Li Hai , Wu Ed X. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The vestibular system provides a critical role to coordinate balance and movement, yet it remains an underappreciated sense. Functional MRI (fMRI) reveals much information about brain-wide sensory and cognitive processes. However, fMRI mapping of regions that actively process vestibular information remains technically challenging, as it can permit only limited movement during scanning. Here, we deploy fMRI and optogenetic stimulation of vestibular excitatory neurons to visualize numerous brain-wide central vestibular pathways and interrogate their functional roles in multisensory processing. Our study highlights multiple routes to investigate vestibular functions and their integration with other sensory systems. We reveal a method to gain critical knowledge into this critical brain system.
Mic60 exhibits a coordinated clustered distribution along and across yeast and mammalian mitochondria
Authors: Stoldt Stefan , Stephan Till , Jans Daniel C. , Brüser Christian , Lange Felix , Keller-Findeisen Jan , Riedel Dietmar , Hell Stefan W. , Jakobs Stefan 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The intricate folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane is essential for the functioning of mitochondria as cellular powerhouses. The mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex is localized at the crista junctions and is key for the establishment of proper architecture of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Relying on optical nanoscopy and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrate that Mic60, a subunit of the MICOS complex, forms clusters distributed in two opposing distribution bands, which can be twisted to produce a helical arrangement of the cristae. Our findings suggest that the Mic60 clusters are physically coupled along and across the mitochondrial tubules. The visualization of these distributions bands opens the door to a microscopic investigation of the proteins that scaffold mitochondria.
Oncogenic mutations at the EGFR ectodomain structurally converge to remove a steric hindrance on a kinase-coupled cryptic epitope
Authors: Orellana Laura , Thorne Amy H. , Lema Rafael , Gustavsson Johan , Parisian Alison D. , Hospital Adam , Cordeiro Tiago N. , Bernadó Pau , Scott Andrew M. , Brun-Heath Isabelle , Lindahl Erik , Cavenee Webster K. , Furnari Frank B. , Orozco Modesto 
Published: April 2019

Significance
EGFR cancer mutations display an astonishing tissue-specific asymmetry: in lung cancer, mutations target the intracellular kinase (KD), while in glioblastomas (GBMs), a variety of missense clusters and deletions concentrate at the ectodomain (ECD). Intriguingly, GBM-activating mutations share a paradoxical preference for inhibitors that bind the inactive kinase. By integrating simulations, small-angle X-ray scattering, and GBM models, we demonstrate that ECD mutants converge to a transition state characterized by a cryptic epitope, allosterically coupled to an intermediate kinase, and synergistically blocked by antibodies and inhibitors. Our findings indicate that apparently heterogeneous aberrations remove a similar steric restrain on KD activation. The diversity of structural tricks in ECD mutants to achieve the same conformational state constitutes a potent example of molecular mimicry and convergence.
PD-1+regulatory T cells amplified by PD-1 blockade promote hyperprogression of cancer
Authors: Kamada Takahiro , Togashi Yosuke , Tay Christopher , Ha Danbee , Sasaki Akinori , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Sato Eiichi , Fukuoka Shota , Tada Yasuko , Tanaka Atsushi , Morikawa Hiromasa , Kawazoe Akihito , Kinoshita Takahiro , Shitara Kohei , Sakaguchi Shimon , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi 
Published: April 2019

SignificancePD-1 blockade is a cancer immunotherapy effective in various types of cancer. However, we observed rapid cancer progression, called hyperprogressive disease (HPD), in ∼10% of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Tumors of HPD patients possessed highly proliferating FoxP3+Treg cells after treatment, contrasting with their reduction in non-HPD tumors. In vitro PD-1 blockade augmented proliferation and suppressive activity of human Treg cells. Likewise, murine Treg cells that were deficient in PD-1 signaling were more proliferative and immunosuppressive. Thus, HPD may occur when PD-1 blockade activates and expands tumor-infiltrating PD-1+Treg cells to overwhelm tumor-reactive PD-1+effector T cells. Depletion of the former may therefore help treat and prevent HPD.