bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marital power and depressive symptoms among older Mexican adults
Authors: Saenz Joseph L. , Rote Sunshine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn extensive body of research documents marital status differences in health among older adults. However, few studies have investigated the heterogeneity in depressive symptomatology among older married adults living in developing countries. Our study investigates the interplay of gender and marital power dynamics for mental health among older Mexican adults. Our sample includes older married couples in the 2015 Wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 3,621 dyads). We use seemingly unrelated regression to model the association between self-reported distributions of decision-making power within marriages and depressive symptoms for husbands and wives. For approximately 41 per cent of couples, the husband and wife both reported an equal distribution of power in the marriage. Compared to those who reported an equal power distribution, husbands and wives who reported an imbalance of power (having more power or less power than their spouse) reported more depressive symptoms. Levels of depressive symptoms were higher in marriages characterised by power inequality. The relationship between equality in power and depressive symptoms is not explained by health-care needs or living arrangements. Marital quality is an important factor for understanding depressive symptoms among older Mexican adults.
Evaluation of older people's knowledge, awareness, motivation and perceptions about falls and falls prevention in residential aged care homes: a tale of two cities
Authors: Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Watts Tessa , Etherton-Beer Christopher , Panes Gerwyn , Griffiths Howard , Anderson Michelle , Williams Tracy , Griffiths Beth , Nobre Debbie , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFalls prevention strategies can only be effective in reducing falls amongst older people if they are adopted and enacted in their daily lives. There is limited evidence identifying what older people in residential aged care (RAC) homes understand about falls and falls prevention, or what may limit or enable their adoption of strategies. This study was conducted in two countries and explored older people's knowledge and awareness of falls and their preferences, opportunities and motivation to undertake falls prevention strategies. A cross-sectional survey was administered to participants (N = 70) aged 65 years and over, living in six RAC homes in Perth, Australia and six RAC homes in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. Participants had limited knowledge about intrinsic falls risk factors and strategies to address these and frequently expressed self-blame regarding falling. Almost all (N = 67, 95.7%) participants felt highly motivated to maintain their current functional mobility and independence in everyday tasks. Key preferences for receiving falls prevention messages favoured a positive approach promoting wellness and independence (N = 41, 58.6%) via pictorial posters or brochures (N = 37, 52.9%) and small group discussions preferably with demonstrations (N = 18, 25.7%). Findings from this study may assist organisations and staff to more effectively engage with older people living in RAC about falls prevention and design targeted resources to address the motivations and preferences of this population.
A reconfigurable tri-prism mobile robot with eight modes
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Yao Yan'an , Kong Xianwen 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYA novel reconfigurable tri-prism mobile robot with eight modes is proposed. The robot is composed of two feet connected by three U-R-U (universal-revolute-universal) limbs. The robot incorporates the kinematic properties of sphere robots, squirming robots, tracked robots, wheeled robots and biped robots. In addition, the somersaulting and turning modes are also explored. After the description of the robot, the DOF (degree-of-freedom) is calculated based on screw theory. The 3D model and simulations indicate that the robot can cross several typical obstacles and can also be folded via two approaches. Finally, the prototype experiments are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed mobile robot in different motion mode.
A comparative study of pivot selection strategies for unsupervised cross-domain sentiment classification
Authors: Cui Xia , Al-Bazzaz Noor , Bollegala Danushka , Coenen Frans 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelecting pivot features that connect a source domain to a target domain is an important first step in unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). Although different strategies such as the frequency of a feature in a domain, mutual (or pointwise mutual) information have been proposed in prior work in domain adaptation (DA) for selecting pivots, a comparative study into (a) how the pivots selected using existing strategies differ, and (b) how the pivot selection strategy affects the performance of a target DA task remain unknown. In this paper, we perform a comparative study covering different strategies that use both labelled (available for the source domain only) as well as unlabelled (available for both the source and target domains) data for selecting pivots for UDA. Our experiments show that in most cases pivot selection strategies that use labelled data outperform their unlabelled counterparts, emphasising the importance of the source domain labelled data for UDA. Moreover, pointwise mutual information and frequency-based pivot selection strategies obtain the best performances in two state-of-the-art UDA methods.
PREHISPANIC MAYA BURNT LIME INDUSTRIES: PREVIOUS STUDIES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Authors: Seligson Kenneth E. , Ortiz Ruiz Soledad , Barba Pingarrón Luis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBurnt lime has played a significant role in daily Maya life since at least as far back as 1100b.c., and yet its ephemeral nature has limited archaeological studies of its production. The application of new surveying and remote sensing technologies in recent decades is now allowing for a more in-depth investigation of the burnt lime industries that existed in different subregions of the Maya area. This article provides an overview of the current understanding of pre-Hispanic Maya burnt lime production. It then presents an analysis of the factors influencing the development and identification of distinct subregional lime production industries, including: lime consumption requirements and inter-site spacing; natural environment; local social and economic trajectories; and the objectives and survey universes of archaeological investigations. In reporting the tremendous advances made over the past few decades, this paper encourages archaeologists to include a focus on identifying lime production features in their research agendas.
Investigating Sensitivity of East Asian Monsoon to Orbital Forcing During the Late Pliocene Warm Period
Authors: Yan Qing , Zhang Zhongshi , Zhang Ran 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Late Pliocene climate (3.264–3.025 Ma) is thought to be relatively warm and stable compared with the Pleistocene, but with clear orbital‐scale climate variability. Using the Community Earth System Model, we investigate the sensitivity of East Asian monsoon to realistic orbital forcing during the Late Pliocene. Initial evaluation shows that the Community Earth System Model broadly captures modern East Asian monsoon climatology and reproduces the reconstructed stronger (weaker) East Asian summer (winter) monsoon in the Late Pliocene under the PRISM3D (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) boundary conditions that use present‐day orbital configurations. Sensitivity experiments indicate that summer and winter temperatures averaged over the East Asia continent remain higher for different orbital configurations in the Late Pliocene than the preindustrial, but with different warming magnitude. Variation of East Asian summer monsoon is significantly modulated by orbital forcing in the Late Pliocene. Under several extreme orbital configurations, the summer monsoon becomes weaker relative to the preindustrial. This is attributed to the fact that the orbitally induced decrease in land‐sea thermal contrast exceeds the increase arising from the PRISM3D boundary conditions. East Asian winter monsoon exhibits a relatively stable feature and remains weaker in the Late Pliocene even with extreme orbital forcing, as the effect of PRISM3D boundary conditions that lead to reduced land‐sea thermal contrast overwhelms the influence of orbital forcing. Given limitations of snapshottime slabsimulation and different model sensitivity, the orbital‐scale variability of East Asian monsoon in the Late Pliocene should be further explored using transient simulation and with other coupled models.
Mitigating Public Concerns About Recycled Drinking Water: Leveraging the Power of Voting and Communication
Authors: Kecinski Maik , Messer Kent D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis research studies the perceptions of individuals concerning reused drinking water. Individuals' visceral responses may stigmatize reused water as the water's immediate origin is too clear. In this context, we show how individuals grow more accepting of reused water when their decisions consider others, as opposed to just themselves. First, differences between private and public decision making are quantified using willingness to accept (WTA) data collected in economic experiments. Adult participants first made decisions in a second‐price auction (private rounds) followed by majority‐rule voting (public rounds) on the median price collected in the private rounds. Our results show that participants in the public rounds significantly reduce their WTA. Moreover, a communication treatment using chat boxes further reduced participants' WTA. The recorded chat indicated that particularly messages related to humor and persuasion were powerful influences on participants' voting decisions. The results have applications for sustainable, cost‐effective recycled water projects.
THEMIS‐VIS Investigations of Sand at Gale Crater
Authors: Bennett Kristen A. , Hill Jonathon R. , Murray Kimberly C. , Edwards Christopher S. , Bell James F. , Christensen Phillip R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGale crater is the landing site of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity. Here we present Thermal Emission Imaging System Visible Imaging Subsystem (THEMIS‐VIS) mosaics in gray scale and in false color of Gale crater. We use these data products, in addition to THEMIS thermal infrared decorrelation stretch (DCS) mosaics, thermal inertia derivations, and near‐infrared spectra to investigate the MSL traverse area and sand across Gale crater. We identified several THEMIS‐VIS color units in the MSL traverse area that may correlate to the amount of sand cover that is present on each unit. This suggests that THEMIS‐VIS color is extremely useful in identifying dark basaltic sand, which appears as blue in THEMIS‐VIS false color images. We test this hypothesis by identifying small (~several pixels) blue patches on the southeast side of the central mound in Gale crater and confirming that they are patches of sand in High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images. Sand dunes on the crater floor exhibit variations in all data sets utilized in this study, with the Bagnold dunes and the western sand sea exhibiting the most notable differences. We propose that these differences are the result of a thin layer of dust that covers the western sand sea, although we do not rule out possible effects from grain size sorting.
How Subduction Interface Roughness Influences the Occurrence of Large Interplate Earthquakes
Authors: van Rijsingen Elenora , Lallemand Serge , Peyret Michel , Arcay Diane , Heuret Arnauld , Funiciello Francesca , Corbi Fabio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe role of seafloor roughness on the seismogenic behavior of subduction zones has been increasingly addressed over the past years, although their exact relationship remains unclear. Do subducting features like seamounts, fracture zones, or submarine ridges act as barriers, preventing ruptures from propagating, or do they initiate megathrust earthquakes instead? We address this question using a global approach, taking into account all oceanic subduction zones and a 117‐year time window of megathrust earthquake recording. We first compile a global database, SubQuake, that provides the location of a rupture epicenter, the overall rupture area, and the region where the largest displacement occurs (the seismic asperity) for MW ≥ 7.5 subduction interplate earthquakes. With these data, we made a quantitative comparison with the seafloor roughness seaward of the trench, which is assumed to be a reasonable proxy for the subduction interface roughness. We compare the spatial occurrence of megathrust ruptures, seismic asperities, and epicenters, with two roughness parameters: the short‐wavelength roughness RSW (12–20 km) and the long‐wavelength roughness RLW (80–100 km). We observe that ruptures with MW ≥ 7.5 tend to occur preferentially on smooth subducting seafloor at long wavelengths, which is especially clear for the MW > 8.5 events. At both short and long wavelengths, seismic asperities show a more amplified relation with smooth seafloor than rupture segments in general. For the epicenter correlation, we see a slight difference in roughness signal, which suggests that there might be a physical relationship between rupture nucleation and subduction interface roughness.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Seasonality of Rainfall Over India
Authors: Sahany Sandeep , Mishra Saroj K. , Pathak Raju , Rajagopalan Balaji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe analyzed 113 years (1901–2013) of daily rainfall over India to investigate spatiotemporal variability of rainfall seasonality. Rainfall seasonality and mean annual rainfall were found to be high over the Western Ghats, central, and northeastern parts of India and over the Indo‐Gangetic plains, and low over northwest, southern, and northernmost parts of India. Significant decreasing trends in seasonality coupled with decreasing rainfall were found over parts of central India, the Indo‐Gangetic plains, and parts of Western Ghats. Trends in timing of peak rainfall indicate later occurrence in the season, especially over southern Indo‐Gangetic plains, by ~10–20 days per century. In addition, there is a general decrease in the wet‐season duration throughout India by ~10–20 days per century. El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures were found to strongly influence seasonality and rainfall over large parts of India. The changes to rainfall and its seasonality will have profound socioeconomic implications for India.
A High‐Resolution Land Model With Groundwater Lateral Flow, Water Use, and Soil Freeze‐Thaw Front Dynamics and its Applications in an Endorheic Basin
Authors: Xie Zhenghui , Liu Shuang , Zeng Yujin , Gao Junqiang , Qin Peihua , Jia Binghao , Xie Jinbo , Liu Bin , Li Ruichao , Wang Yan , Wang Longhuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman water regulation, groundwater lateral flow, and the movement of frost and thaw fronts (FTFs) affect soil water and thermal processes, as well as energy and water exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere. Reasonable representation of these processes in land surface models is very important to improving the understanding of land‐atmosphere interactions. In this study, mathematical descriptions of groundwater lateral flow, human water regulation, and FTFs were synchronously incorporated into a high‐resolution community land model, which is then named the Land Surface Model for Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS‐LSM). With a series of atmospheric forcings and high‐resolution land surface data from the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) program, numerical simulations of the period 1981–2013 using CAS‐LSM with 1‐km resolution were conducted for an endorheic basin, the Heihe River Basin in China. Compared with observations, CAS‐LSM reproduced the distributions of groundwater, evapotranspiration, and permafrost reasonably and well matched the temporal changes in ground temperature, heat fluxes, and FTFs. Results illuminate the temporal and spatial characteristics of frozen soil and the changes in the land‐atmosphere exchange of carbon, water, and energy. The permafrost and seasonally frozen soil were distinguished. In the seasonally frozen areas, the maximum soil frost depth increased by 0.65 mm/year within natural areas and decreased by 2.12 mm/year in human‐dominated areas. The active layer thickness increased 8.63 mm/year for permafrost. In the permafrost zone evapotranspiration and latent heat flux increased, and the sensible heat flux declined. In the human‐dominated areas water use raised the latent heat flux and reduced the sensible heat flux, net ecosystem exchange, and streamflow recharging to the eco‐fragile region in the lower reaches. Results suggested that the land surface model CAS‐LSM is a potential tool for studying land surface processes, especially in cold and arid regions experiencing human interventions.
How Hydrologic Processes Differ Spatially in a Large Basin: Multisite and Multiobjective Modeling in the Tarim River Basin
Authors: Fang Gonghuan , Yang Jing , Chen Yaning , Li Zhi , Ji Huiping , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWater resources are essential to ecosystems and social economies worldwide, especially in the deserts and oases of the Tarim River Basin, whose water originates largely from alpine mountains characterized by complicated hydrological processes and scarce hydrometeorological observations. This paper presents multisite and multiobjective modeling of hydrological processes in the whole Tarim River Basin, covering 32 catchments in total. The study uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, extended by incorporating a degree‐day glacier melt module to enable modeling of glacier melt in the alpine mountains. The multiobjective calibration approach of ε‐Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm‐II was implemented with the two objective functions of the Nash‐Sutcliffe value of daily streamflow and the bias of simulated glacier melt contribution to streamflow. Based on the combined use of the Morris sensitivity technique and hierarchy cluster, the 32 catchments in the study area are divided into six groups according to their dominating hydrological processes, for example, glacier melt, snowmelt, groundwater, and routing. The multiobjective calibration was satisfactory, with 22 of the 32 catchments showing Nash‐Sutcliffe values of daily streamflow larger than 0.6 and the bias of simulated glacier melt contribution to streamflow values smaller than 0.05. Model performance was highly dependent on meteorological data availability, in that low data availability led to poor model performance, while factors such as catchment area and mean annual snowfall had little influence on model performance. The results indicate that multisite and multiobjective calibration enables consistent and comprehensive examination of the spatially different hydrological processes in a large basin and provides information for further assessment of the impact of climate change on water availability.
Dynamics and Predictability of the Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Usagi (2013)
Authors: Liu Su , Tao Dandan , Zhao Kun , Minamide Masashi , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study explores the dynamics and predictability of the rapid intensification (RI) of Super Typhoon Usagi (2013) through a 60‐member convection‐permitting ensemble using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation method. The surface maximum wind speed of Usagi, which was an intense category 4 western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC), increased by 33 m s−1 over a 24‐hr period. The RI process was captured by the WRF simulation initialized with the global analysis but with a unique forecast challenge of early prediction. We improved the intensity forecasts by assimilating satellite‐derived atmospheric motion vectors into the WRF‐EnKF, which primarily reduced the strength of both the primary and secondary circulations in the TC vortex. Nevertheless, our ensemble forecasts initialized with the EnKF analysis ensemble predicted a significant spread in the intensity with considerable differences in the RI onset timing among individual members. Our analyses show that variation in the RI timing is most sensitive to differences in the initial TC vortex intensity and inner‐core moisture. Ensemble members with similar initial intensities but greater tropospheric moisture content exhibited earlier vortex axisymmetrization and consequently earlier RI. Further sensitivity experiments showed that variations in the inner‐core moisture content have an immediate impact on the structure and strength of inner‐core convection. These variations in inner‐core convection gradually caused differences in intensity between the TC vortices. In this study, we highlight the importance of accurate estimates of the inner‐core moisture content in the modeling and forecasting of TC intensity.
Sources of Black Carbon Deposition to the Himalayan Glaciers in Current and Future Climates
Authors: Alvarado Matthew J. , Winijkul Ekbordin , Adams‐Selin Rebecca , Hunt Eric , Brodowski Christopher , Lonsdale Chantelle R. , Shindell Drew T. , Faluvegi Gregory , Kleiman Gary , Mosier Thomas M. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry and a modified version of the Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short‐Lived Pollutants (ECLIPSE) 5a emission inventory were used to investigate the sources impacting black carbon (BC) deposition to the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush (HKHK) region. This work extends previous studies by simulating deposition to the HKHK region not only under current conditions but also in the 2040–2050 period under two realistic emission scenarios and in three different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Under current conditions, sources from outside our South Asian modeling domain have a similar impact on total BC deposition to the HKHK region (35–87%, varying with month) as South Asian anthropogenic sources (13–62%). Industry (primarily brick kilns) and residential solid fuel burning combined account for 45–66% of the in‐domain anthropogenic BC deposition to the HKHK region. Under a no further control emission scenario for 2040–2050, the relative contributions to BC deposition in the HKHK region are more skewed toward in‐domain anthropogenic sources (45–65%) relative to sources outside the domain (26–52%). The in‐domain anthropogenic BC deposition has significant contributions from industry (32–42%), solid fuel burning (17–28%), and diesel fuel burning (17–27%). Under a scenario in which emissions in South Asia are mitigated, the relative contribution from South Asian anthropogenic sources is significantly reduced to 11–34%. The changes due to phase of ENSO do not seem to follow consistent patterns with ENSO. Future work will use the high‐resolution deposition maps developed here to determine the impact of different sources of BC on glacier melt and water availability in the region.