bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia in children: Considerations of pathophysiological plausibility
Authors: Rossi Alfredo , D'Arino Andrea , Pigliacelli Flavia , Caro Gemma , Muscianese Marta , Fortuna Maria Caterina , Carlesimo Marta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA), one of the most common causes of hair loss in men and women, is an infrequent cause of alopecia in children. In AGA, patients generally start noticing hair thinning after the onset of puberty due to progressive miniaturisation of the hair follicle which leads to vellus transformation of terminal hair. However, the occurrence of prepubertal AGA has rarely been reported in the literature. The pathophysiology of AGA is tightly linked to androgen hormones; prepubertal children do not usually produce significant amounts of adrenal or gonadal androgens. When it does occur, an underlying abnormality should be suspected. Secondary causes of AGA must be excluded when evaluating a patient before the appearance of puberty. Premature puberty, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other causes of hyperandrogenism can present with hair loss in an androgenetic pattern. This article reviews the normal physiology of androgen hormones and their role in the pathophysiology of childhood AGA.
Susceptibility to adverse drug reactions
Authors: Ferner Robin , Aronson Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

The pharmacological effects of a drug depend on its concentration at the site of action, and therefore on the concentration in blood and on the dose. The relationship between the concentration or dose and the corresponding effect can usually be represented mathematically as a rectangular hyperbola; when effect is plotted against log concentration or log dose, the curve is sigmoidal.Inevitably, the effect size and the doses causing benefit and harm will differ among individuals, since they are biological phenomena: some individuals are more likely than others to suffer harm at any given dose. Some harmful effects can occur at much lower doses than those used in therapeutics; that is, the log dose–response curve for harm lies far to the left of the log dose–response curve for benefit. Those who suffer such reactions are hypersusceptible. When the dose–response curves for harm and therapeutic effect are in the same range, dose cannot separate the harmful effects from the therapeutic effects, and adverse reactions are collateral. Toxic effects occur when harmful doses are above the doses needed for benefit.In this review we consider factors that influence a subject's susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Determinants of susceptibility include Immunological, Genetic, demographic (Age and Sex), Physiological and Exogenous factors (drug–drug interactions, for example), and Diseases and disorders such as renal failure, giving the mnemonic I GASPED. Some susceptibility factors are discrete (for example, all‐or‐none) and some are continuous; susceptibility can therefore be discrete or continuous; and the factors can interact to determine a person's overall susceptibility to harm.
Identification of genetic biomarkers for alloimmunization in sickle cell disease
Authors: Meinderts Sanne M. , Gerritsma Jorn J. , Sins Joep W. R. , de Boer Martin , van Leeuwen Karin , Biemond Bart J. , Rijneveld Anita W. , Kerkhoffs Jean‐Louis H. , Habibi Anoosha , van Bruggen Robin , Kuijpers Taco W. , van der Schoot Ellen , Pirenne France , Fijnvandraat Karin , Tanck Michael W. , van den Berg Timo K. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMost sickle cell disease (SCD) patients rely on blood transfusion as their main treatment strategy. However, frequent blood transfusion poses the risk of alloimmunization. On average, 30% of SCD patients will alloimmunize while other patient groups form antibodies less frequently. Identification of genetic markers may help to predict which patients are at risk to form alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genetic variations in the Toll‐like receptor pathway or in genes previously associated with antibody‐mediated conditions are associated with red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization in a cohort of SCD patients. In this case‐control study, cases had a documented history of alloimmunization while controls had received ≥20 RBC units without alloantibody formation. We used a customized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel to genotype 690 SNPs in 275 (130 controls, 145 cases) patients. Frequencies were compared using multiple logistic regression analysis. In our primary analysis, no SNPs were found to be significantly associated with alloimmunization after correction for multiple testing. However, in a secondary analysis with a less stringent threshold for significance we found 19 moderately associated SNPs. Among others, SNPs in TLR1/TANK and MALT1 were associated with a higher alloimmunization risk, while SNPs in STAM/IFNAR1 and STAT4 conferred a lower alloimmunization risk.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) impairs the motility and immune function of human mature dendritic cells through the VEGF receptor 2‐RhoA‐cofilin1 pathway
Authors: Long Jinhua , Hu Zuquan , Xue Hui , Wang Yun , Chen Jin , Tang Fuzhou , Zhou Jing , Liu Lina , Qiu Wei , Zhang Shichao , Ouyang Yan , Ye Yuannong , Xu Guoqiang , Li Long , Zeng Zhu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are potent and specialized antigen presenting cells, which play a crucial role in initiating and amplifying both the innate and adaptive immune responses against cancer. Tumor cells can escape from immune attack by secreting suppressive cytokines that solely or cooperatively impair the immune function of DCs. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a major cytokine in the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the effects of VEGF on the motility and immune function of mature DCs (mDCs), the cells were treated with 50 ng/mL VEGF and investigated by proteomics and molecular biological technologies. The results showed that VEGF can impair the migration capacity and immune function of mDCs through the RhoA‐cofilin1 pathway mediated by the VEGF receptor 2, suggesting impaired motility of mDCs by VEGF is one of the aspects of immune escape mechanisms of tumors. It is clinically important to understand the biological behavior of DCs and the immune escape mechanisms of tumor as well as how to improve the efficiency of antitumor therapy based on DCs.
Making Movies Instead of Taking Snapshots: Studying Change in Youth's Romantic Relationships
Authors: Furman Wyndol , Collibee Charlene , Lantagne Ann , Golden Rachel Lynn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChange is a ubiquitous aspect of adolescents' and young adults' romantic relationships, yet most research has not fully captured such change. Many studies examine romantic relationships at only one or two points in time. In this article, we illustrate the importance and benefits of examining change in adolescents' and young adults' romantic relationships using more than two time points. We discuss four kinds of changes: changes with age, within‐relationship changes, within‐person changes, and changes after specific events occur. We use examples from our research to illustrate various understudied types of change. We discuss how the analysis of many types of change requires more than two data points. Multiple time points can also be used to assess both the short‐ and long‐term effects of romantic relationships and to examine changes in trajectories. Such research can move us beyond static snapshots of romantic relationships to an understanding of their dynamic, changing nature.
Nothing about me without me: Children and young people's experiences with family group conferences
Authors: Merkel‐Holguin Lisa , Schwab‐Reese Laura , Drury Ida , Allan Heather , Hollinshead Dana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModern social work practice increasingly emphasizes the inclusion of service users in decision making during the service provision process. There is a growing movement within the child welfare system to include parents and the wider family network in decision making. However, children and young people's roles in child welfare system participatory processes where decisions are made about their lives have been understudied. The family group conference (FGC) is one such decision‐making process, which has been adopted internationally with the expectation that children and young people's voices and perspectives, along with their family members, will be elevated and influence decisions. As part of a 3‐year federal project of FGCs in one jurisdiction, this study collected fidelity data from professional and family member participants of FGCs, including children and young people. Descriptive data from a small sample of child and young people participating in FGC suggest differences in their perspectives regarding family empowerment, transparency, and inclusion in decision making, when compared with the perspectives of other family members and professionals for whom data are available. Suggestions for further reflection on FGC practice and additional ways to understand children and young people's perspectives about their involvement are noted.
A retrospective case series evaluating the outcome of implants with low primary stability
Authors: Lee Kwan‐Joo , Cha Jae‐Kook , Sanz‐Martin Ignacio , Sanz Mariano , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThere is a need of more studies on whether low primary implant stability would negatively influence the success of implant therapy. Therefore, this retrospective study analyses outcomes of implants placed with low primary stability and factors that may be related to implant failures.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 156 patients, restored with 169 implants that presented manual rotation within an observed follow‐up time of a minimum of 34 days and a maximum of 9.28 years. Descriptive statistics, survival analyses (life tables and Kaplan–Meier estimates) and radiographic assessment based on marginal bone level measurements were performed. This original study was adherent to STROBE guidelines.ResultsSeven implants failed in seven patients, rendering cumulative survival rates of 94.74% (95% CI: 89.11–97.50) and 94.33% (95% CI: 88.30–97.30) at implant and patient levels, respectively. Kaplan–Meier estimates showed implant loss was found only in advanced surgery group (7 implant loss in 82 implants) when compared with simple surgery group (no implant loss in 87 implants; p = 0.005).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this retrospective study, implant placement with low primary stability might not negatively affect either the survival rates or marginal bone level changes of implants provided that a protected and unloaded healing is guaranteed.
Impact of IS Capabilities on Firm Performance: The Roles of Organizational Agility and Industry Technology Intensity
Authors: Felipe Carmen M. , Leidner Dorothy E. , Roldán José L. , Leal‐Rodríguez Antonio L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDrawing on the information technology (IT)‐enabled capabilities perspective, this study develops a model that extends our knowledge of the mechanisms through which IT contributes to business value. Specifically, we provide new insights to the stream of research that proposes organizational agility to be a higher order capability enabled by information systems (IS) capabilities that impacts firm performance, and we test the contingency effect of an important environmental factor—the technology intensity of the industry. To empirically study the proposed relationships, data were collected from 153 Spain‐based firms and analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicate that IS capabilities positively affect firm performance through the full mediation of organizational agility. Furthermore, a multigroup analysis reveals that the impact of IS capabilities on organizational agility is greater for companies in high‐tech intensity industries than for those in medium‐tech intensity industries. An important implication is the identification of some capabilities that might jointly enhance firm performance through their interplay, as well as the external environmental factors that influence these relationships. When designing firms’ IT strategies, managers seeking to optimize firm performance should embed appropriate IS capabilities into the key business processes to enable an agile response in the organization.
Type 2 diabetes remission 1 year after an intensive lifestyle intervention: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ried‐Larsen Mathias , Johansen Mette Y. , MacDonald Christopher S. , Hansen Katrine B. , Christensen Robin , Wedell‐Neergaard Anne‐Sophie , Pilmark Nanna Skytt , Langberg Henning , Vaag Allan A. , Pedersen Bente K. , Karstoft Kristian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether an intensive lifestyle intervention induces partial or complete type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission.Materials and methodsIn a secondary analysis of a randomized, assessor‐blinded, single‐centre trial, people with non‐insulin‐dependent T2D (duration <10 years), were randomly assigned (2:1, stratified by sex, from April 2015 to August 2016) to a lifestyle intervention group (n = 64) or a standard care group (n = 34). The primary outcome was partial or complete T2D remission, defined as non‐diabetic glycaemia with no glucose‐lowering medication at the outcome assessments at both 12 and 24 months from baseline. All participants received standard care, with standardized, blinded, target‐driven medical therapy during the initial 12 months. The lifestyle intervention included 5‐ to 6‐weekly aerobic and combined aerobic and strength training sessions (30‐60 minutes) and individual dietary plans aiming for body mass index ≤25 kg/m2. No intervention was provided during the 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsOf the 98 randomized participants, 93 completed follow‐up (mean [SD] age 54.6 [8.9] years; 46 women [43%], mean [SD] baseline glycated haemoglobin 49.3 [9.3] mmol/mol). At follow‐up, 23% of participants (n = 14) in the intervention and 7% (n = 2) in the standard care group met the criteria for any T2D remission (odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8‐21.4]; P = 0.08). Assuming participants lost to follow‐up (n = 5) had relapsed, the OR for T2D remission was 4.4 (95% CI 1.0–19.8; P = 0.048).ConclusionsThe statistically nonsignificant threefold increased remission rate of T2D in the lifestyle intervention group calls for further large‐scale studies to understand how to implement sustainable lifestyle interventions among people with T2D.
Cantharidin content in two Mediterranean species of blister beetles, Lydus trimaculatus and Mylabris variabilis (Coleoptera: Meloidae)
Authors: Gisondi Silvia , Gasperi Tecla , Roma Elia , Tomai Pierpaolo , Gentili Alessandra , Vignoli Leonardo , Bologna Marco A. , Mancini Emiliano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCantharidin (CA), a toxic terpene produced by blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae), attracts the interest of many researchers for its renowned medical properties. The CA content in blister beetles has been mainly quantified in some Oriental species, due to their use in traditional Chinese medicine, or in few other species of toxicological importance. As CA quantification has been largely ignored in many other members of this family, we aimed at estimating CA content in natural populations of two of the most abundant species in central Italy, Mylabris variabilis and Lydus trimaculatus. Nearly 100 individuals for each species were collected in the field, identified and reared in fauna‐boxes until CA collection. Available protocols were optimized for CA extraction from both dried‐body tissues and exuded hemolymph collected from leg joints using capillary tubes. The CA content was quantified in a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer using a calibration curve with diethyl‐ester of norcantharidin as the internal standard. We observed: (i) high variability in CA content among specimens, which was positively related to individual dry‐weight; and (ii) slightly larger (though non‐significant) amount of CA in males than in females for both species. Our data are consistent with the available published reports about CA content, transfer and distribution in blister beetles and suggest a conserved biological role of this terpene in Meloidae.
First data on the flight activity and distribution of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) on carob trees in Sicily
Authors: Gugliuzzo A. , Criscione G. , Siscaro G. , Russo A. , Tropea Garzia G. 
Published: June 2019

The factors influencing the entry and the spread of the black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), in the Mediterranean environment have not yet been characterized. Following its first report in Sicily (southern Italy) in 2016, and due to the high level of damage it causes on one of its host plants (Ceratonia siliqua L.), the flight activity of the pest was studied there. Monitoring was performed from spring 2017 to summer 2018 by exposing red cross‐shaped sticky traps combined with ethanol‐baited bottle traps. The three monitored sites were selected at different altitudes, representing the southern Mediterranean environment where the carob tree is widely present. The results showed that the pest populations are influenced by climatic factors. In particular, the first adults were caught when the maximum daily temperatures were stably higher than 20°C over several continuous days. Xylosandrus compactus occurred widely in the monitored territory and was continuously caught from spring to autumn. Furthermore, the traps used proved to be effective for intercepting the spring flight of the overwintering females. Moreover, the ability of the beetle to spread from a new infested area was also studied. It seems that the pest can spread more than 8 km from the last infested site of the previous flying season. It was not present above altitudes of 400 m in the conditions of the present study. This study represents the first step to better understand the behaviour of X. compactus in a newly colonized environment.
Nonhistone human chromatin protein PC4 is critical for genomic integrity and negatively regulates autophagy
Authors: Sikder Sweta , Kumari Sujata , Mustafi Pallabi , Ramdas Nisha , Padhi Swatishree , Saha Arka , Bhaduri Utsa , Banerjee Birendranath , Manjithaya Ravi , Kundu Tapas K. 
Published: June 2019

Multifunctional human transcriptional positive co‐activator 4 (PC4) is a bona fide nonhistone component of the chromatin and plays a pivotal role in the process of chromatin compaction and functional genome organization. Knockdown of PC4 expression causes a drastic decompaction which leads to open conformation of the chromatin, and thereby altered nuclear architecture, defects in chromosome segregation and changed epigenetic landscape. Interestingly, these defects do not induce cellular death but result in enhanced cellular proliferation, possibly through enhanced autophagic activity. Moreover, PC4 depletion confers significant resistance to gamma irradiation. Exposure to gamma irradiation further induced autophagy in these cells. Inhibition of autophagy by small molecule inhibitors as well as by silencing of a critical autophagy gene drastically reduces the ability of PC4 knockdown cells to survive. On the contrary, complementation with wild‐type PC4 could reverse this phenomenon, confirming the process of autophagy as the key mechanism for radiation resistance in the absence of PC4. These data connect the unexplored role of chromatin architecture in regulating autophagy during stress conditions such as radiation.
Assessing the impacts of the introduced channel catfishIctalurus punctatususing the comparative functional response approach
Authors: Faria Larissa , Alexander Mhairi E. , Vitule Jean R. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the metric “Relative Impact Potential” (RIP), the functional response (FR) of a non‐native species can be compared with that of a native analogue and combined with the species abundance to predict its environmental impact. Here, using the River Guaraguaçu (Brazil) as a case study, this methodology was implemented to identify the impacts of the non‐native channel catfishIctalurus punctatus(Rafinesque) compared with a native speciesRhamdia quelen(Quoy & Gaimard) towards small prey fish. Both species exhibited TypeII FRs, but handling times were lower forI. punctatus, resulting in a greater maximum feeding rate in this species. Consequently, anRIP > 1 was found, indicating thatI. punctatusrepresents a superior impact to prey compared with its native analogue. These results demonstrate thatI. punctatusis a potential threat to small endangered fish species; therefore, policies to avoid escapes from aquaculture should be created and the abundance ofI. punctatuscontrolled.
In vitro apatite formation of calcium phosphate composite synthesized from fish bone
Authors: Asadollahzadeh Morteza , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Salimi‐Kenari Hamed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCalcium phosphate‐based composite (CPC) is the main biomaterial substitute used for bone repair. Properties affecting bioactivity of this composite vary depending on the types of calcium phosphate crystalline phases. Hence, in this study, bioactivity behavior of novel CPC cement by the incorporation of calcium phosphate (CP), which was obtained from fish bones, dicalcium phosphate dehydrate, and chitosan solution, was monitored in simulated body fluid (SBF). In advance, the microstructure of CP produced by heat treatment (annealing) of fish bone was evaluated at two different temperatures 600 and 900°C. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that there was no secondary phase formation aside from natural hydroxyapatite (HA) in bones annealed; and the annealing process enhanced the crystallinity of CP phase in the bone matrix particularly when annealed at 900°C. After incubation of CPC cement in SBF, bone bonding ability and producing of biomimetic HA coat on the CPC cement surface were confirmed using XRD, fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis results show that needle‐like and cauliflower apatite layer with the crystallite size about 100 nm was grown on the surface of CPC cement after 28 days incubation in SBF. Regardless of above findings, we conclude that varying the annealing temperature has tremendous effect on the production of natural HA from fish bone with required properties and the ultimate morphology of obtained CPC cements after soaking is directly depended on the degree of crystallinity of the prepared natural HA.
Apatite‐forming ability, cytocompatibility, and mechanical properties enhancement of poly methyl methacrylate‐based bone cements by incorporating of baghdadite nanoparticles
Authors: Pahlevanzadeh Farnoosh , Bakhsheshi‐Rad Hamid Reza , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Aziz Madzlan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBone cement synthesis through combination of polymers and bioceramics leads to the enhancement of mechanical and biological performances required for osteogenic properties and apatite‐formation ability with the aim of new bone growth. The purpose of the present study is to characterize a novel poly methyl methacrylate–poly caprolactone (PCL) bone cement containing baghdadite (BAGH) for orthopedic applications. Considerable enhancement in the mechanical properties was found in the cement containing BAGH compared to the cement without BAGH. Noticeably, favorable bioactivity was found in the bone cement containing BAGH, while the cement without BAGH presented poor bioactivity. The MTT assay illustrated that the MG63 osteoblasts' viability was noticeably improved by incorporation of BAGH into the cement. In addition, higher cell attachment and spreading were observed in the cement containing BAGH compared to the cement without BAGH. Hence, the synergistic effects of the cement containing BAGH including high mechanical properties, good bioactivity, and desirable cytocompatibility make it an attractive candidate for filling bone defects in orthopedic surgeries.