bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in grey matter volume and its correlation with clinical symptoms in Chinese boys with low functioning autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Li G. , Rossbach K. , Jiang W. , Zhao L. , Zhang K. , Du Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported changes within grey matter (GM) volume in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, little is known about GM volume changes and the relation with symptom severity in Chinese boys with low functioning autism spectrum disorder (LFASD).MethodGM volume was analysed using SPM 8 and compared between 16 boys with LFASD as well as 16 typically developing (TD) boys (using REST 1.8). Additionally, the correlation between GM volume and clinical symptoms was analysed, using subscales within the Autism Behaviour Checklist (ABC).ResultsThe comparison showed a reduced volume of GM in 11 clusters in the boys with LFASD (i.e., the left inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part; right superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, dorsolateral; precuneus and postcentral; bilateral rectus and middle temporal gyrus) and 1 area with increased GM volume (right caudate) compared to the TD group. Additionally, the GM volume of the left inferior frontal gyrus, orbital part was negatively correlated with the Social subscale score of the ABC (r = −0.765, P = 0.002), and the GM volume of the left Rectus was negatively associated with the Language, Body concept and Self‐care subscale scores and the total score on the ABC(r = −0.624, P = 0.023; r = −0.657, P = 0.011; r = −0.618, P = 0.025; r = −0.625, P = 0.022). Further, the GM volume of the right Caudate was negatively correlated with the Sensory subscale on the ABC (r = −0.593, P = 0.033).ConclusionIn conclusion, the current study's findings display that the GM volume was widely reduced in Chinese boys with LFASD compared to TD boys and negatively correlated with the clinical symptoms, indicating a possible pathological mechanism of LFASD.
Effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hassan N. M. , Landorf K. B. , Shields N. , Munteanu S. E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) often do not meet recommended guidelines for physical activity. The aim of this study was to systematically review available evidence that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in individuals with ID.MethodFive electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from inception of the database to July 2017 to identify randomised controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to improve physical activity among people with ID. Trials were included if they measured at least one objective measure of physical activity. Quality appraisal was completed by two independent reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The magnitude of treatment effect was estimated for each intervention by calculating the standardised mean difference (SMD) and associated 95% confidence interval.ResultsNine randomised controlled trials (976 participants, 501 women, age range 9 months to 83 years) were included. Four trials evaluated unimodal interventions and five trials evaluated multimodal health promotion programmes based on using supportive environments to enable sustained behavioural changes in physical activity. None of the trials were rated as low risk of bias as all had at least one item on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool that was considered to be high risk. No trials were able to implement participant blinding. Three trials found statistically significant beneficial effects of interventions for increasing physical activity. Results showed that a 10‐week progressive resistance training programme led to maintenance of physical activity levels at 24 weeks in adolescents with Down syndrome (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.40). Additionally, a 12‐ to 16‐month multicomponent diet and physical activity programme produced improvement in physical activity at programme completion in adults with ID (reported effect size of 0.29). Finally, an 8‐month physical activity and fitness programme increased physical activity at 8 months in adults with ID (SMD 0.91, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.60). Findings regarding other interventions were inconclusive with small effects that were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThere is inconsistent evidence of the effects of interventions for improving physical activity levels in individuals with ID. A progressive resistance training programme was found to maintain physical activity levels in adolescents with Down syndrome, while a multicomponent diet and physical activity programme and a physical activity and fitness programme were found to improve physical activity levels in adults with ID. Future trials using rigorous research designs are required to confirm these findings and establish whether other interventions designed to increase physical activity in people with ID are effective.
A Qualitative Study of Women's Recall of Content and Skills Developed in Group Prenatal and Well‐Baby Care 2 Years Later
Authors: Hackley Barbara , Elyachar‐Stahl Elan , Savage Anna K. , Stange Mia , Hoffman Arielle , Kavanaugh Monica , Aviles Melanie M. , Arévalo Sandra , Machuca Hildred , Shapiro Alan 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionGroup prenatal and well‐baby care is a system of health care visits that occur in a group setting. Each individual session lasts approximately 2 hours, allowing more time for education and support than can occur in an individual visit. Compared with individual care, research suggests that group care is associated with similar or better short‐term outcomes, but no studies have yet examined potential long‐term benefits beyond one year postpartum. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to elicit women's recall about content covered in group prenatal and well‐baby care and whether they were or were not continuing to use skills discussed during group prenatal and well‐baby care 2 or more years after their group ended.MethodsEligible women participated in group prenatal and/or well‐baby care between 2008 and 2012, were aged at least 18 years, and were English‐speaking. Of the 127 eligible women, 32 were reached and 17 agreed to participate. Women were interviewed on average 3 years after group prenatal or well‐baby care ended using a semistructured interview guide. Transcripts were reviewed and coded by each team member. Final codes and themes were identified using an iterative review process among the research team.ResultsThree themes were identified: sustained change, transferable skills, and group as a safe haven. All women were still using strategies discussed during group and had made sustained improvements in nutrition, stress management, and/or in the quality of their interactions with their children, partner, or families. The group environment was described as a safe haven: a respectful, nonjudgmental space that allowed women to share and support each other while learning new skills.DiscussionThis is the first study to document that group prenatal and well‐baby care is associated with long‐term benefits in areas not yet reported in the literature: nutrition, family communication, and parenting.
An evaluation of the effects of makeup on perceived age based on skin color in Korean women
Authors: Lee Myeongryeol , Han Jiyeon , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundMakeup has been shown to increase women's attractiveness, perceived femininity, and self‐confidence and reduce their perceived age. Some of these results were caused by facial contrast and visible skin color. However, they did not investigate makeup benefit by focusing skin color change.ObjectivesWe investigated the benefit of makeup in reducing perceived age by focusing on only skin color, based on the age‐related changes in several skin color parameters (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis), and attempted to discover the indications for youthful‐looking skin color.MethodsA total of 174 Korean women aged 20‐69 years participated in this study. Their digital facial images were cropped on the cheek area, standard Red green Blue data were transformed to Quasi‐L*a*b*, and the statistical parameters of individual Quasi‐L*a*b* data were calculated. Fourteen volunteers aged 30‐45 years wore liquid‐type makeup. The perceived age was assessed by 11 clinical evaluation researchers with a LCD monitor. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0, with a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsAccording to a multiple regression analysis, unevenness in skin color, skin lightness, and skewness in skin yellowness significantly affected the participants’ perceived age; the most important factor was the unevenness in skin yellowness in Korean women. The evaluated and calculated with the regression equation perceived age were decreased after makeup was applied.ConclusionsThe makeup can reduce women's perceived age by correcting the skin's color, and it can show youthful skin properties such as a lighter and more homogenous color with less chroma.
An In Vitro Investigation of Accuracy and Fit of Conventional and CAD/CAM Removable Partial Denture Frameworks
Authors: Soltanzadeh Pooya , Suprono Montry S. , Kattadiyil Mathew T. , Goodacre Charles , Gregorius Wendy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the overall accuracy and fit of conventional versus computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks based on standard tessellation language (STL) data analysis, and to evaluate the accuracy and fit of each component of the RPD framework.Materials and MethodsA maxillary metal framework was designed for a Kennedy class III Modification I arch. The master model was scanned and used to compare the fit and accuracy of RPD frameworks. Forty impressions (conventional and digital) of the master cast were made and divided into 4 groups based on fabrication method: group I, lost‐wax technique (conventional technique), group II, CAD‐printing, group III, CAD‐printing from stone cast, and group IV, lost‐wax technique from resin‐printed model. RPD frameworks were fabricated in cobalt‐chromium alloy. All frameworks were scanned, and the gap distance between the framework and scanned master model was measured at 8 locations. Color mapping was conducted using comprehensive metrology software. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskall‐Wallis test, followed by the Bonferroni method for pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsColor mapping revealed distinct discrepancies in major connectors among the groups. When compared to 3D‐printed frameworks, conventional cast frameworks fabricated using dental stone or printed resin models revealed significantly better fit (p < 0.05) particularly in the major connectors and guide plates. The biggest gap (0.33 mm ± 0.20 mm) was observed with the anterior strap of the major connector with the printed frameworks (groups II and III). The method of fabrication did not affect the adaptation of the rests or reciprocation plates.ConclusionsAlthough both conventional and 3D‐printing methods of framework fabrication revealed clinically acceptable adaptation, the conventional cast RPD groups revealed better overall fit and accuracy.
Detecting the effects of a standardized meal challenge on small bowel motility with MRI in prepared and unprepared bowel
Authors: de Jonge Catharina S. , Menys Alex , van Rijn Kyra L. , Bredenoord Arjan J. , Nederveen Aart J. , Stoker Jaap 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveMRI is increasingly used to evaluate small bowel contractility. The objective of this study was to validate a clinically practical stimulation test (300‐kcal meal) for small bowel motility.MethodsThirty‐one healthy subjects underwent dynamic MRI to capture global small bowel motility after ±10h fasting, of which 15 underwent bowel preparation consisting of 1 L 2.5% mannitol solution and 16 did not. Each subject underwent (1) a baseline motility scan (2) a food challenge (3) a post‐challenge scan, and (4) second post‐challenge scan (after ±20 minutes). This protocol was repeated within 2 weeks. Motility was quantified using a validated motility assessment technique.Key ResultsMotility in prepared subjects at baseline was significantly higher than motility in unprepared subjects (0.36 AU vs 0.18 AU, P < 0.001). In the prepared group, the food challenge produced an 8% increase in motility (P = 0.33) while in the unprepared subjects a significant increase of 30% was observed (P < 0.001). Responses to food remained insignificant (P = 0.21) and significant (P = 0.003), for the prepared and unprepared subjects, respectively, ±20 minutes post food challenge. These results were confirmed in the repeated scan session.Conclusion & InferencesA significant response to a 300‐kcal meal was measured within 10 minutes in unprepared bowel, supporting the clinical use of this challenge to provoke and assess motility changes. A caloric challenge did not produce an observable increase in motility in mannitol prepared subjects.
Impact of pharmacists’ counseling on caregiver's knowledge in the management of pediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cheong Jing Yi Vanessa , Hie Szu Liang , Koh En Wei , de Souza Nurun Nisa Amatullah , Koh Mark Jean‐Aan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin condition in childhood. AD management can be complex, and caregivers may have inadequate information on the disease, aggravating factors, and management. Comprehensive therapeutic education has been closely associated with increased compliance and is recommended for all patients. There are, as yet, no studies on the impact of a pharmacist‐led eczema counseling service.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led eczema counseling service on improving caregivers’ knowledge. The secondary objective was to evaluate caregivers’ satisfaction of the service and their confidence in handling the patient's condition after counseling.MethodsThis was a prospective, questionnaire‐based observational study. After obtaining informed consent, caregivers were required to complete questionnaire A, containing items on demographics and knowledge assessment. Caregivers then underwent a counseling session by a dermatology‐trained pharmacist. After counseling, caregivers were required to complete questionnaire B containing items on satisfaction and confidence level. A follow‐up phone call was conducted after initial counseling session, during which knowledge‐based questionnaire C would be completed.ResultsData from 32 participants were included in the analysis. There was a significant improvement in caregivers’ knowledge score after receiving counseling, with mean precounseling score of 8.38 ± 3.92 and mean postcounseling score of 13.88 ± 3.65 (P < 0.001). Majority was satisfied with the service and was confident in handling their child's condition.ConclusionPharmacist‐led eczema counseling has a positive impact on caregiver's knowledge and can lead to improved compliance. The service was well received, although more time could be spent during the counseling.
Institutional Anticorruption in China: Effectiveness on Bribery Incidence
Authors: Ni Xing , Su (Su Su) Xuhong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the effectiveness of anticorruption practices against bribery incidence, highlighting top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. A random survey of local residents is used in conjunction with institutional anticorruption indicators. Findings suggest that the top‐down approach works, but with substantial variation across practices. More intense top‐down anticorruption deters bribery incidence within citizens' dense networks, and more judicial convictions directly suppress citizens' bribery experience and willingness. The bottom‐up and combined approaches yield both deterrence and signaling effects, contingent on institutional parameters. More public whistle‐blowing deters citizens' bribery experience and willingness, yet, when coupled with more intense top‐down anticorruption, it signals severe government corruption and predicts more bribery incidence. On the contrary, more grievance filings predict more bribery incidence via signaling effects, but, when bundled with more intense top‐down anticorruption, they deter citizens' subsequent bribery experience and willingness. The article concludes with a discussion of the research findings and theoretical and practical implications.
A Risk Assessment Framework for the Socioeconomic Impacts of Electricity Transmission Infrastructure Failure Due to Space Weather: An Application to the United Kingdom
Authors: Oughton Edward J. , Hapgood Mike , Richardson Gemma S. , Beggan Ciarán D. , Thomson Alan W. P. , Gibbs Mark , Burnett Catherine , Gaunt C. Trevor , Trichas Markos , Dada Rabia , Horne Richard B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpace weather phenomena have been studied in detail in the peer‐reviewed scientific literature. However, there has arguably been scant analysis of the potential socioeconomic impacts of space weather, despite a growing gray literature from different national studies, of varying degrees of methodological rigor. In this analysis, we therefore provide a general framework for assessing the potential socioeconomic impacts of critical infrastructure failure resulting from geomagnetic disturbances, applying it to the British high‐voltage electricity transmission network. Socioeconomic analysis of this threat has hitherto failed to address the general geophysical risk, asset vulnerability, and the network structure of critical infrastructure systems. We overcome this by using a three‐part method that includes (i) estimating the probability of intense magnetospheric substorms, (ii) exploring the vulnerability of electricity transmission assets to geomagnetically induced currents, and (iii) testing the socioeconomic impacts under different levels of space weather forecasting. This has required a multidisciplinary approach, providing a step toward the standardization of space weather risk assessment. We find that for a Carrington‐sized 1‐in‐100‐year event with no space weather forecasting capability, the gross domestic product loss to the United Kingdom could be as high as £15.9 billion, with this figure dropping to £2.9 billion based on current forecasting capability. However, with existing satellites nearing the end of their life, current forecasting capability will decrease in coming years. Therefore, if no further investment takes place, critical infrastructure will become more vulnerable to space weather. Additional investment could provide enhanced forecasting, reducing the economic loss for a Carrington‐sized 1‐in‐100‐year event to £0.9 billion.
Risk Information Seeking and Processing About Particulate Air Pollution in South Korea: The Roles of Cultural Worldview
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Kim Yungwook 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study integrates cultural theory of risk into the risk information seeking and processing model in the context of particulate air pollution in South Korea. Specifically, it examines how cultural worldviews (hierarchy, individualism, egalitarianism, and fatalism) influence the way people interpret risk about an environmental risk, which may in turn promote or deter their information seeking and processing about the risk. An online survey (N = 645) showed that egalitarianism was positively associated with perceptions of societal and personal risks, affective responses toward the risk, and informational subjective norms. Perceived societal risk, in particular, mediated the effect of egalitarianism on information insufficiency. Moreover, cultural worldview was a significant moderator of the relationships between information insufficiency and risk information seeking and processing. The positive relationship between information insufficiency and information seeking grew stronger with increasing egalitarianism. In contrast, the negative relationship between information insufficiency and heuristic processing was strengthened with increasing hierarchy. This study extends prior theories and models in risk communication by addressing the roles of cultural worldview, an important individual difference factor in interpreting environmental risks.
Restrictive guideline for red blood cell transfusions in preterm neonates: effect of a protocol change
Authors: Heeger Lisanne E. , Counsilman Clare E. , Bekker Vincent , Bergman Klasien A. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , te Pas Arjan B. , Lopriore Enrico 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate red blood cell (RBC) transfusion practices in preterm neonates before and after protocol change.MethodsAll preterm neonates (<32 weeks of gestation) admitted between 2008 and 2017 at our neonatal intensive care unit were included in this retrospective study. Since 2014, a more restrictive transfusion guideline was implemented in our unit. We compared transfusion practices before and after this guideline change. Primary outcome was the number of transfusions per neonate and the percentage of neonates receiving a blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes were neonatal morbidities and mortality during admission.ResultsThe percentage of preterm neonates requiring a blood transfusion was 37·5% (405/1079) before and 32·7% (165/505) after the protocol change (P = 0·040). The mean number of transfusions given to each transfused neonate decreased from 2·93 (standard deviation (SD) ± 2·26) to 2·20 (SD ±1·29) (P = 0·007). We observed no association between changes in transfusion practices and neonatal outcome.ConclusionThe use of a more restrictive transfusion guideline leads to a reduction in red blood cell transfusions in preterm neonates, without evidence of an increase in mortality or short‐term morbidity.
FROM RIAU TO SINGAPORE: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE RUSHDIAH CLUB’S MAJOR PUBLISHED WRITINGS (CA. 1890-1950)
Authors: ZAKARIYA HAFIZ , OKTASARI WIWIN 
Published: November 2018

This study examines the prominent Malay literary organization in the Sultanate of Riau-Lingga: Rushdiah Club’s writing and printing activities. It provides a descriptive content analysis of books on various subjects that were published by the printing presses under the auspices of the members of the Rushdiah Club in Riau, Singapore and Penang from 1893 to 1950. Specifically, these presses were Matba‘at al-Ahmadiyyah and Matba‘ah al-Riyawiyyah in Riau-Lingga; Matba‘at al-Ahmadiyyah (better known as the Ahmadiah Press) and al-Imam Printing Company Ltd. in Singapore; and Jelutong Press in Penang. The objective of this paper is to discuss the roles of the Rushdiah Club, particularly its contribution to the Malay societies by flourishing the writing and printing culture. Furthermore, this paper investigates how their publications had constructed a specific pattern of Islamic thought and culture as the members joined intellectual debates over the issue of Islamic reformism. The analysis of the catalogues involves two phases: firstly, examining the writers; secondly, itemizing them according to categories, content, and characteristics of the books. The finding of the study indicated that the most common theme is Islam and religion, which is about 73 books (36.86%). This study also contends that the Rushdiah Club which was strongly anchored by the Islamic ethos, responded to colonialism through non-violent means.