bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct fingerprints of tRNA-derived small non-coding RNA in animal models of neurodegeneration
Authors: Baindoor Sharada , Gibriel Hesham A. Y. , Venø Morten T. , Su Junyi , Morrissey Elena Perez , Jirström Elisabeth , Woods Ina , Kenny Aidan , Alves Mariana , Halang Luise , Fabbrizio Paola , Bilen Maria , Engel Tobias , Hogg Marion C. , Bendotti Caterina , Nardo Giovanni , Slack Ruth S. , Kjems Jørgen , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) – categorized as tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) and internal tRF (itRF) – are small non-coding RNAs that participate in various cellular processes such as translation inhibition and responses to cellular stress. We here identified tsRNA profiles within susceptible tissues in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) to pinpoint disease-specific tsRNAs and those shared across neurodegenerative diseases. We performed small RNA sequencing in the SOD1G93A and TDP43A315T mouse models of ALS (spinal cord), the TauP301S model of FTD (hippocampus), and the parkin/POLG model of PD (substantia nigra). Bioinformatic analysis showed higher expression of 5′ tiRNAs selectively in the two ALS models, lower expression of 3′ tRFs in both the ALS and FTD mouse models, and lower expression of itRF Arg in the PD model. Experimental validation confirmed the expression of tsRNAs. Gene Ontology analysis of targets associated with validated 3′ tRFs indicated functions in the regulation of synaptic and neuronal pathways. Our profiling of tsRNAs indicates disease-specific fingerprints in animal models of neurodegeneration, which require validation in human disease.
Apical integrins as a switchable target to regulate the epithelial barrier
Authors: Peterson Raven J. , Reed Ryan C. , Zamecnik Colin R. , Sallam Marwa A. , Finbloom Joel A. , Martinez Francisco J. , Levy Joshua M. , Moonwiriyakit Aekkacha , Desai Tejal A. , Koval Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Tight junctions regulate epithelial barrier function and have been shown to be influenced by multiple classes of proteins. Apical integrins have been identified as potential regulators of epithelial barrier function; however, only indirect approaches have been used to measure integrin regulation of the epithelial barrier. Here, we used polymeric nanowires conjugated with anti-integrin β1 antibodies to specifically target apically localized integrins in either their closed or open conformation. Barrier regulation by apical integrins was found to be conformation specific. Nanowires targeting integrins in the closed conformation increased epithelial permeability and caused zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1, also known as TJP1) to change from a linear to a ruffled morphology. Claudin-2 and claudin-4 colocalized with ZO-1 and were also ruffled; however, claudin-1 and claudin-7 remained linear. Ruffling was dependent on myosin light chain kinases (MLCKs) and Rho kinases (ROCKs). Conversely, targeting integrins in the open conformation decreased epithelial permeability and made junctions more linearized. Anti-integrin β1 nanowires differentially affected actin and talin (analyzed using pan-talin antibodies), depending on whether they contained activating or inhibitory antibodies. Thus, apical integrins can act as a conformation-sensitive switch that regulates epithelial barrier function.
Walking kinematics of ants carrying food in the mandibles versus gaster
Authors: Bouisset Guillaume , Merienne Hugo , Fourcassié Vincent 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The locomotor behavior of an animal strongly depends on the distribution of its body mass. Whenever changes occur in this distribution, the displacement of the body center of mass (CoM) may lead to a loss of balance. Ants are an interesting biological model with which to investigate how an animal copes with such changes because, when they transport food, their CoM may be displaced from its usual position. We studied the ant Formica rufa, whose diet consists mainly of liquid food, stored in the abdomen, but also includes prey transported in the mandibles. We investigated the kinematics of locomotion of the same individuals while walking unloaded and while transporting food internally or externally. We found that the kinematics of locomotion slightly differed in the two types of transport. Ants transporting food in their mandibles adopted a more erect posture and tended to be more often in static instability than ants transporting food internally. In addition, the amplitude of the vertical oscillations of their CoM was higher, which led to a jerky locomotion. However, owing to their erect position, the position of their overall CoM was actually not different from that of unloaded ants. Finally, the mechanical work achieved by ants to rise and accelerate their CoM was smaller in ants transporting food internally than in ants transporting food externally or in unloaded ants. This suggests that the morphology of F. rufa could make the transport of food in the gaster more mechanically efficient than the transport of food in the mandibles.
Effects of hypoxia on the olfactory sensitivity of gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Tigert Liam R. , Hubbard Peter C. , Porteus Cosima S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Coastal environments around the world are becoming increasingly hypoxic owing to anthropogenic effects. We hypothesized that, because the olfactory epithelium is in contact with the external environment, decreased external oxygen will impair olfaction. We performed electro-olfactograms on juvenile gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata) and measured the response to three amino acids at five different concentrations (1×10−7 to 1×10−3 mol l−1) in normoxic (20 kPa O2) and two hypoxic conditions (12.5 and 5.7 kPa O2). For the first time, we show that both mild and moderate hypoxia decreased the olfactory response to two out of three odorants. As more coastal areas become hypoxic, it is important to understand how hypoxia may impair the sensory systems of fishes, which can have individual- and population-level effects and important implications for our food supply.
Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Surgical Resection of Paraaortic Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer—A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Nozawa Hiroaki , Ito Sono , Sasaki Kazuhito , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Yamauchi Shinichi , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ajioka Yoichi , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Surgical removal of metastasized paraaortic lymph nodes (PALNs) can prolong the survival of certain patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of postoperative chemotherapy in such patients remains unknown.

Patients and Methods
This multicenter retrospective study examined 97 patients with PALN metastasis from CRC who underwent surgical resection at 36 centers in Japan between 2010 and 2015. On the basis of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after the lymphadenectomy, patients were classified into non-AC and AC groups (27 and 70 patients, respectively). After the exclusion of patients receiving irinotecan, the latter group was further categorized into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) subgroups (14 and 52 patients, respectively) according to the use of L-OHP. Background characteristics and postoperative survival were compared among the groups.

Results
Marked differences were not seen in background characteristics, except for neoadjuvant treatment, between the non-AC and AC groups. The AC group exhibited better recurrence-free survival (RFS; p = 0.009) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.040 by the Wilcoxon test) than the non-AC group. However, RFS and OS of the 5-FU group did not differ from those of the L-OHP group (p = 0.73 and p = 0.92 by the Wilcoxon test, respectively).

Conclusions
AC may be associated with improved prognosis of patients after the removal of PALN metastasis from CRC, but L-OHP did not offer additional survival benefits. Prospective studies comparing non-AC with 5-FU- and L-OHP-based AC are needed to confirm these findings.
Relationships between Patient-Reported Outcomes and Predictors of Second ACL Injuries during Unanticipated Jump Landings
Authors: Monfort Scott M. , Aflatounian Fatemeh , Fischer Patrick D. , Becker James N. , Hutchison Keith A. , Simon Janet E. , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Reactive and external visual-cognitive demands are prevalent in sport and likely contribute to ACL injury scenarios. However, these demands are absent in common return-to-sport assessments. This disconnect leaves a blind spot for determining when an athlete can return to sport with mitigated re-injury risk. Purpose

To characterize relationships between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and cognitive-task interference (i.e., cognitive demands exacerbating neuromuscular impairments) for biomechanical predictors of second ACL injuries during jump landings that involved rapid unanticipated decision making. Methods

Thirty-six persons following primary ACLR (26F/10M, 19.8±1.8 years; 1.71±0.1 m; 69.6±12.8 kg, 1.5±0.6 years post ACLR; Tegner: 6.8±1.8) participated. PROMs of ACL-RSI, and the Forgotten Joint Score-12 Knee (FJS-12) were selected to assess altered psychological state (e.g., confidence, attention toward knee). Jumping tasks under anticipated and unanticipated secondary jump directions were performed. Biomechanical variables were dual-task changes (unanticipated – anticipated) in 1) uninvolved limb hip rotator impulse (DTC_Uni-HRot_Imp), 2) asymmetry of knee extensor moment at initial contact (DTC_KEM_Asym), and 3) range of involved knee abduction angle (DTC_KAbA_Range). Regression models tested for relationships between PROMs and the dual-task change in biomechanical variables. Results: ACL-RSI (DTC_Uni-HRot_Imp (p < 0.001)) and FJS-12 (DTC_KAbA_Range (p = 0.001)) had significant relationships with dual-task change in the opposite direction as expected (worse PROM ➔ less dual-task change). A follow-up analysis indicated that dual-task change was inversely correlated with the baseline estimates for kinetic biomechanical variables (less risky single-task biomechanics ➔ greater dual-task change for Uni-HRot_Imp and KEM_Asym).

Conclusions: The collective results are consistent with higher functioning participants (better PROMs) who also demonstrate desirable biomechanics during single-task conditions being prone to demonstrating the greatest risk-associated DTC in unanticipated scenarios.
Achilles Tendon Mechanical But Not Morphological Properties Change with Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Mylle Ine , Funaro Alessia , Lecompte Laura , Crouzier Marion , Bogaerts Stijn , Vanwanseele Benedicte 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is associated with altered tendon’s morphological and mechanical properties, yet it is unclear whether these properties are reversed upon mechanical loading to promote tendon healing. This study aims to determine the extent to which pathological tendon’s morphological and mechanical properties adapt throughout a 12-week eccentric rehabilitation protocol.

Methods
Forty participants with midportion AT were recruited and participated in a 12-week eccentric rehabilitation program. Function and symptoms were recorded through the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) and hopping. The tendon’s morphological (i.e. volume, midportion cross-sectional area (CSA) and anteroposterior (AP) diameter) and mechanical (i.e. stiffness, Young’s modulus, and tendon non-uniform displacement) properties were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks of the intervention.

Results
Significant functional improvements were observed, with VISA-A scores and hopping results showing marked improvements (p < 0.001). Morphologically, no significant changes in volume, midportion CSA, or AP diameter were found, although a trend toward decreased CSA between 30-70% of tendon length was noted. Mechanically, significant increases in Achilles tendon stiffness (p = 0.001) and Young’s modulus (p < 0.001) were observed over the course of the rehabilitation program. No differences in tendon non-uniform displacement were found following a 12-week rehabilitation program.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that tendon adaptation in response to mechanical loading primarily involves changes in mechanical properties rather than morphology, highlighting the complexity and variability in tendon adaptation. Clinically, these mechanical properties could be considered in the load progression throughout rehabilitation as potentially higher strains will be induced when clinical improvements precede mechanical adaptations.
Competing with Theories: Using Awareness and Confidence to Secure Resources and Rents
Authors: Ehrig Timo , Zenger Todd 
Published: November 2024

An assumption of factor market efficiency is often used to grant primacy to firms’ existing unique and valuable resources as the source of economic rents. But this assumption is difficult to reconcile with observed market outcomes. For instance, five of the six companies with the highest global market capitalization in 2022 were upstarts in their industries with few resources at their origins. More surprising, three of these entrants were assisted by incumbents with vastly superior resources in assembling the resources they required. In this paper we explore how entrants compete with theories to secure resources from incumbents and capture rents. We introduce a modeling approach in which theories with causal logic generate awareness of valuable potential future states and shape the beliefs about payoffs and probabilities associated with these states. We combine work in the theory-based view and value capture theory to distinguish among three distinct sources of economic rents that are potentially available to entrants: awareness rents, confidence rents, and resource rents. We explore the circumstances under which these three types of rents are available. By exploring the role of theories and awareness in value creation and capture, our paper seeks to deepen our understanding of how entrants both attract resources and secure rents. Funding: T. Zenger was supported by the ION Management Science Lab, Utah.
Terahertz perfect absorber of narrowband and broadband based on a U-shaped metal patch
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhou Huan , Yang Linji , Xiao Yandong , Chen Xin , Ma Yong , Li Renpu 
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a terahertz absorber based on a U-shaped metal patch that exhibits both narrowband and wideband absorption characteristics. The absorber comprises a metal–medium–metal structure, with a U-shaped metal patch as the top layer, a lossy medium as the middle layer, and a fully covered metal base plate at the bottom. There are two narrowband absorption peaks at 1.368 THz and 2.648 THz and a broadband absorption band from approximately 4 to 5 THz. The formation of resonance frequencies was elucidated by analyzing the current and electric field distributions at the resonance frequency. The resonant mechanism of the U-shaped patterned structure was clarified using equivalent circuit models to evaluate the resonant frequencies of different absorption peaks. Subsequently, the absorber’s characteristics were examined under varying structural parameters. Dual-function terahertz absorbers are applicable in terahertz communications, imaging, and various other fields.
Broadband achromatic metalens design based on the combination of an improved particle swarm optimized algorithm and a genetic algorithm
Authors: Sheng Pengcheng , Hao Ruiting , Chen Gang , Wang Wen , Liu Jiatong , Xu Jun , Li Huizi , Kong Jincheng , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2024

The metalens, a significant branch of metasurfaces, holds substantial application potential. However, it often faces issues such as chromatic aberration and narrow bandwidth. This paper compares various optimization methods for the inertia weight (ω) and learning factors (C) of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and integrates it with the genetic algorithm (GA). After the comparison, we selected the optimized algorithm that best fits our needs to design a broadband achromatic metalens operating in the wavelength range of 1–1.25 µm. The average efficiency reached 76%, providing a valuable reference for the development and application of achromatic metalenses.
Perbandingan Ekstraksi Fitur Untuk Klasifikasi COVID-19, MERS, dan SARS Menggunakan Algoritma Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Zahroh Khofifah Auliyatuz , Dian Candra Rini Novitasari  , Lutfi Hakim  
Published: November 2024

Pada tahun 2019, terjadi kemunculan suatu wabah penyakit COVID-19. Wabah penyakit tersebut telah mengguncang dunia sehingga menyebabkan pandemi secara global. Selain COVID-19, terdapat dua wabah penyakit lain juga diakibatkan oleh virus corona yaitu MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) dan SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) yang sudah menjadi ancaman serius pada beberapa dekade terakhir. Ketiga wabah penyakit tersebut menyebabkan jutaan kasus serta ribuan orang yang meninggal di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, perlu adanya penelitian yang dilakukan untuk klasifikasi penyakit COVID-19, MERS, dan SARS berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan X-ray menggunakan perbandingan ekstraksi fitur GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) dan GLDM (Gray Level Difference Matrix) serta klasifikasi ELM (Extreme Learning Machine). Pada penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa parameter uji coba diantaranya yaitu arah sudut, jumlah pada k-fold, serta jumlah hidden node. Hasil terbaik pada penelitian ini diperoleh menggunakan metode ekstraksi fitur GLDM dengan uji coba pada sudut , k-fold 10, serta hidden node 25 yang menghasilkan akurasi, sensitivitas, dan spesifisitas masing-masing sebesar 100% dengan waktu yang dibutuhkan yaitu 0.00042 detik. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil ekstraksi fitur GLDM lebih unggul daripada ekstraksi fitur GLCM.
Analisis Sensitivitas Model Penularan Koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS
Authors: Harianto Joko , Abraham  , Kawuwung Westy B. 
Published: November 2024

Penularan koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang menjadi pusat perhatian terutama di negara-negara berkembang di dunia. Artikel ini merupakan salah satu kajian untuk mempelajari kejadian penularan koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS. Model yang digunakan terdiri dari delapan kompartemen antara lain: rentan, vaksinasi, COVID-19, infeksi COVID-19, infeksi HIV, AIDS, koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV, koinfeksi COVID-19 dan AIDS. Analisis kestabilan titik ekuilibrium model dan kontrol optimalnya telah dibahas sebelumnya. Hasil dari analisis tersebut digunakan sebagai landasan teori untuk melakukan analisis sensitivitas parameter modelnya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan parameter model yang paling sensitif terhadap kasus penularan koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS. Metode studi literatur digunakan untuk mendukung analisis sensitivitas parameter model. Simulasi modelnya menggunakan software Maple dengan data sekunder. Parameter laju kontak COVID-19, laju kontak HIV, laju kesembuhan infeksi COVID-19 dan angka kematian akibat AIDS merupakan parameter yang paling sensitif terhadap kasus penularan koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS. Parameter laju kontak COVID-19 dan laju kontak HIV adalah parameter yang paling sensitif terhadap peningkatan kasus penularan koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS karena nilai indeks sensitivitasnya tertinggi dibandingkan parameter lainnya. Sedangkan, parameter laju kesembuhan infeksi COVID-19 dan angka kematian akibat AIDS memiliki nilai indeks sensitivitas terendah dibandingkan parameter lainnya. Parameter laju kesembuhan infeksi COVID-19 dan angka kematian akibat AIDS adalah parameter yang paling sensitif terhadap penurunan kasus penularan koinfeksi COVID-19 dan HIV/AIDS.
Chemical profile, biological activities, and molecular docking of Algerian <i>Juniperus phoenicea</i> berries
Authors: Bouchareb Abderrezak , Djemel Abdelhak , Kadi Imededdine , Djemoui Amar , Bensouici Chawki , Atanassova Maria , Zoukel Abdelhalim , Benmohamed Mokhtar , Ahmad Sheikh F. , Attia Sabry M. , Benaceur Farouk , Zahnit Wafa , Messaoudi Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

The chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea L berries were quantitatively and qualitatively determined in this study. Essential oil (EO) and non-polar crude extracts from cyclohexane and ethyl acetate were prepared, and the chemical profile was determined using GC-MS technique. The predominant compound in the EO was α-pinene (76.03%), while communic acid (23.66% and 22.38%) was the main compound in both non-polar crude extracts. The antioxidant potential of the samples was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)-diammonium salt (ABTS), and phenanthroline. All samples showed weak antioxidant capacity. The antidiabetic effect was assessed in vitro using the α-amylase assay; a strong inhibitory effect against the α-amylase enzyme was detected for both cyclohexane and ethyl acetate extracts with IC50 (IC50 = 186.91 ± 5.74 mg/mL and IC50 = 351.48 ± 0.17 mg/mL, respectively). Finally, an in silico study was performed for both α-amylase and α-glucosidase proteins to enhance our outcomes.
Word order in the context of extensional and intensional events in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS)
Authors: Krebs Julia , Wilbur Ronnie 
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of the semantics of events and their participants on syntax (word order) in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS), replicating and extending findings on other sign languages (Napoli et al. 2017). We tested the hypothesis that in the visual modality, intensional and extensional events are preferentially expressed by different word orders: verbs expressing an intensional event are preferred before the object and verbs expressing an extensional event are preferred after the object. To test this pattern for ÖGS and whether animacy of the object argument contributes to these preferences, Deaf signers were asked to sign transitive relations involving extensional and intensional events in non-reversible and reversible contexts. Results indicate systematic differences between verb types. Subject-object-verb order (SOV), the basic ÖGS word order, was preferred for extensional events, while subject-verb-object order (SVO) was more prevalent with intensional events, which also showed more complex structures. Unlike prior research, we did not find a preference for SVO orders due to argument reversibility, which had been suggested to reflect iconicity in the visual modality. We reconsider how extensional/ intensional are traditionally defined and suggest that while both are relevant to word order decisions in ÖGS, imputed iconicity loses any explanatory value it might have had if the stimuli more narrowly compared creation and non-creation verbs.
Редкие опухоли. Метастатический рак носоглотки
Authors: Болотина Л. В. 
Published: November 2024

Рак носоглотки (РН) является уникальной патологией, для которой характерна специфическая эндемичность, половые и возрастные особенности распределения, а также высокая чувствительность к консервативным методам лечения. Одной из особенностей РН является высокая ассоциация с вирусом Эпштейна-Барр (ВЭБ), что определяет особенность функционирования сигнальных путей и высокую иммуногенность опухоли.Статья посвящена анализу исследований химио-иммунотерапии в 1 линии лечения рецидивного / метастатического РН.