bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix mechanical plasticity regulates cancer cell migration through confining microenvironments
Authors: Wisdom Katrina M. , Adebowale Kolade , Chang Julie , Lee Joanna Y. , Nam Sungmin , Desai Rajiv , Rossen Ninna Struck , Rafat Marjan , West Robert B. , Hodgson Louis , Chaudhuri Ovijit 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudies of cancer cell migration have found two modes: one that is protease-independent, requiring micron-sized pores or channels for cells to squeeze through, and one that is protease-dependent, relevant for confining nanoporous matrices such as basement membranes (BMs). However, many extracellular matrices exhibit viscoelasticity and mechanical plasticity, irreversibly deforming in response to force, so that pore size may be malleable. Here we report the impact of matrix plasticity on migration. We develop nanoporous and BM ligand-presenting interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels in which plasticity could be modulated independent of stiffness. Strikingly, cells in high plasticity IPNs carry out protease-independent migration through the IPNs. Mechanistically, cells in high plasticity IPNs extend invadopodia protrusions to mechanically and plastically open up micron-sized channels and then migrate through them. These findings uncover a new mode of protease-independent migration, in which cells can migrate through confining matrix if it exhibits sufficient mechanical plasticity.
Reconfigurable photoactuator through synergistic use of photochemical and photothermal effects
Authors: Lahikainen Markus , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA reconfigurable actuator is a stimuli-responsive structure that can be programmed to adapt different shapes under identical stimulus. Reconfigurable actuators that function without control circuitry and are fueled remotely are in great demand to devise adaptive soft robotic devices. Yet, obtaining fast and reliable reconfiguration remains a grand challenge. Here we report a facile fabrication pathway towards reconfigurability, through synergistic use of photochemical and photothermal responses in light-active liquid crystal polymer networks. We utilize azobenzene photoisomerization to locally control the cis-isomer content and to program the actuator response, while subsequent photothermal stimulus actuates the structure, leading to shape morphing. We demonstrate six different shapes reconfigured from one single actuator under identical illumination conditions, and a light-fueled smart gripper that can be commanded to either grip and release or grip and hold an object after ceasing the illumination. We anticipate this work to enable all-optical control over actuator performance, paving way towards reprogrammable soft micro-robotics.
Hanbury-Brown and Twiss exchange and non-equilibrium-induced correlations in disordered, four-terminal graphene-ribbon conductor
Authors: Tan Z. B. , Elo T. , Puska A. , Sarkar J. , Lähteenmäki P. , Duerr F. , Gould C. , Molenkamp L. W. , Nagaev K. E. , Hakonen P. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have investigated current-current correlations in a cross-shaped conductor made of graphene. The mean free path of charge carriers is on the order of the ribbon width which leads to a hybrid conductor where there is diffusive transport in the device arms while the central connection region displays near ballistic transport. Our data on auto and cross correlations deviate from the predictions of Landauer-Büttiker theory, and agreement can be obtained only by taking into account contributions from non-thermal electron distributions at the inlets to the semiballistic center, in which the partition noise becomes strongly modified. The experimental results display distinct Hanbury – Brown and Twiss (HBT) exchange correlations, the strength of which is boosted by the non-equilibrium occupation-number fluctuations internal to this hybrid conductor. Our work demonstrates that variation in electron coherence along atomically-thin, two-dimensional conductors has significant implications on their noise and cross correlation properties.
Combined computational and experimental investigation of high temperature thermodynamics and structure of cubic ZrO2 and HfO2
Authors: Hong Qi-Jun , Ushakov Sergey V. , Kapush Denys , Benmore Chris J. , Weber Richard J. K. , van de Walle Axel , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStructure and thermodynamics of pure cubic ZrO2 and HfO2 were studied computationally and experimentally from their tetragonal to cubic transition temperatures (2311 and 2530 °C) to their melting points (2710 and 2800 °C). Computations were performed using automated ab initio molecular dynamics techniques. High temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction on laser heated aerodynamically levitated samples provided experimental data on volume change during tetragonal-to-cubic phase transformation (0.55 ± 0.09% for ZrO2 and 0.87 ± 0.08% for HfO2), density and thermal expansion. Fusion enthalpies were measured using drop and catch calorimetry on laser heated levitated samples as 55 ± 7 kJ/mol for ZrO2 and 61 ± 10 kJ/mol for HfO2, compared with 54 ± 2 and 52 ± 2 kJ/mol from computation. Volumetric thermal expansion for cubic ZrO2 and HfO2 are similar and reach (4 ± 1)·10−5/K from experiment and (5 ± 1)·10−5/K from computation. An agreement with experiment renders confidence in values obtained exclusively from computation: namely heat capacity of cubic HfO2 and ZrO2, volume change on melting, and thermal expansion of the liquid to 3127 °C. Computed oxygen diffusion coefficients indicate that above 2400 °C pure ZrO2 is an excellent oxygen conductor, perhaps even better than YSZ.
The experience of vivid autobiographical reminiscence is supported by subjective content representations in the precuneus
Authors: Sreekumar Vishnu , Nielson Dylan M. , Smith Troy A. , Dennis Simon J. , Sederberg Per B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe human posteromedial cortex, which includes core regions of the default mode network (DMN), is thought to play an important role in episodic memory. However, the nature and functional role of representations in these brain regions remain unspecified. Nine participants (all female) wore smartphone devices to record episodes from their daily lives for multiple weeks, each night indicating the personally-salient attributes of each episode. Participants then relived their experiences in an fMRI scanner cued by images from their own lives. Representational Similarity Analysis revealed a broad network, including parts of the DMN, that represented personal semantics during autobiographical reminiscence. Within this network, activity in the right precuneus reflected more detailed representations of subjective contents during vivid relative to non-vivid, recollection. Our results suggest a more specific mechanism underlying the phenomenology of vivid autobiographical reminiscence, supported by rich subjective content representations in the precuneus, a hub of the DMN previously implicated in metacognitive evaluations during memory retrieval.
Mammographic Density Distribution of Healthy Taiwanese Women and its Naturally Decreasing Trend with Age
Authors: Shia Wei-Chung , Wu Hwa-Koon , Huang Yu-Len , Lin Li-Sheng , Chen Dar-Ren 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe analysed typical mammographic density (MD) distributions of healthy Taiwanese women to augment existing knowledge, clarify cancer risks, and focus public health efforts. From January 2011 to December 2015, 88,193 digital mammograms were obtained from 69,330 healthy Taiwanese women (average, 1.27 mammograms each). MD measurements included dense volume (DV) and volumetric density percentage (VPD) and were quantified by fully automated volumetric density estimation and Box-Cox normalization. Prediction of the declining MD trend was estimated using curve fitting and a rational model. Normalized DV and VPD Lowess curves demonstrated similar but non-identical distributions. In high-density grade participants, the VPD increased from 12.45% in the 35–39-year group to 13.29% in the 65–69-year group but only from 5.21% to 8.47% in low-density participants. Regarding the decreased cumulative VPD percentage, the mean MD declined from 12.79% to 19.31% in the 45–50-year group versus the 50–55-year group. The large MD decrease in the fifth decade in this present study was similar to previous observations of Western women. Obtaining an MD distribution model with age improves the understanding of breast density trends and age variations and provides a reference for future studies on associations between MD and cancer risk.
Stable and unstable regions of the Lorenz system
Authors: Shen Bing Lu , Wang MingHao , Yan PengCheng , Yu HaiPeng , Song Jian , Da Chao Jiu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe stable and unstable regions of the Lorenz system are studied. We discuss the relationship between the initial conditions and both these regions, specifically, the preference for the trajectory of the Lorenz system to move towards the left or right equilibrium-point region from an initial point and the residence time of a trajectory in an equilibrium-point region. For this purpose, the four-rank Runge–Kutta algorithms and mathematical derivations are used, whereas a statistical method for the residence times is used. We conclude that the stable and unstable regions are intrinsic to the Lorenz system and have no correlation with the initial conditions; indeed, these regions do not change given different initial conditions. The trajectory of the Lorenz system tends towards the left equilibrium-point region locally, with an average residence time of 8.74 but only 5.789 for the right equilibrium-point region. In general, the system prefers the right equilibrium-point region for which the jump frequency of trajectories to the right region is 535 but only 465 to the left region from the initial conditions for the first time.
Somatic alterations in circulating cell-free DNA of oesophageal carcinoma patients during primary staging are indicative for post-surgical tumour recurrence
Authors: Pasternack Helen , Fassunke Jana , Plum Patrick Sven , Chon Seung-Hun , Hescheler Daniel Alexander , Gassa Asmae , Merkelbach-Bruse Sabine , Bruns Christiane Josephine , Perner Sven , Hallek Michael , Büttner Reinhard , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Hölscher Arnulf Heinrich , Quaas Alexander , Zander Thomas , Weiss Jonathan , Alakus Hakan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOesophageal cancer (OC) has high mortality. This study aims at determining the feasibility of liquid biopsies for genomic profiling in early stage OC, comparing two different technologies for mutational analysis in circulating cell -free DNA (ccfDNA) and evaluating the clinical impact of these somatic alterations during primary staging. In 25 patients with locally advanced OC, endoscopic tumour biopsies and simultaneous blood samples were taken during primary staging. Genomic DNA from biopsies and ccfDNA were analysed for mutations using a 12 gene panel next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay as well as digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Genetic data was correlated with patients’ outcome. In 21 of the tested biopsies (84%) at least one somatic mutation was detected by NGS. Mutations detected by NGS were detectable by ddPCR with similar allele frequencies. In three out of the 21 patients with proven mutations, the same mutations were also detectable in ccfDNA using NGS (14%). In contrast, ddPCR detected mutations in ccfDNA of five additional patients (8/21, 38%). Post-surgical outcome analysis was performed for those patients who had received complete tumour resection (n = 16). Five of them suffered from an early relapse within the first year after surgery, including four with detectable somatic mutations in ccfDNA during primary staging. Taken together, we showed a higher sensitivity for ddPCR compared to NGS in detecting mutated ccfDNA in OC. Detection of somatically altered ccfDNA during primary staging seems to be indicative for post-surgical tumour recurrence.
LINCS L1000 dataset-based repositioning of CGP-60474 as a highly potent anti-endotoxemic agent
Authors: Han Hyun-Wook , Hahn Soojung , Jeong Hye Yun , Jee Joo-Hyun , Nam Myoung-Ok , Kim Han Kyung , Lee Dong Hyeon , Lee So-Young , Choi Dong Kyu , Yu Ji Hoon , Min Sang-Hyun , Yoo Jongman 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSepsis is one of the most common clinical syndromes that causes death and disability. Although many studies have developed drugs for sepsis treatment, none have decreased the mortality rate. The aim of this study was to identify a novel treatment option for sepsis using the library of integrated network-based cellular signatures (LINCS) L1000 perturbation dataset based on an in vitro and in vivo sepsis model. Sepsis-related microarray studies of early-stage inflammatory processes in patients and innate immune cells were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data repository and used for candidate drug selection based on the LINCS L1000 perturbation dataset. The anti-inflammatory effects of the selected candidate drugs were analyzed using activated macrophage cell lines. CGP-60474, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase, was the most potent drug. It alleviated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in activated macrophages by downregulating the NF-κB activity, and it reduced the mortality rate in LPS induced endotoxemia mice. This study shows that CGP-60474 could be a potential therapeutic candidate to attenuate the endotoxemic process. Additionally, the virtual screening strategy using the LINCS L1000 perturbation dataset could be a cost and time effective tool in the early stages of drug development.
DNA fingerprinting at farm level maps rice biodiversity across Bangladesh and reveals regional varietal preferences
Authors: Kretzschmar Tobias , Mbanjo Edwige Gaby Nkouaya , Magalit Grace Angelique , Dwiyanti Maria Stefanie , Habib Muhammad Ashraful , Diaz Maria Genaleen , Hernandez Jose , Huelgas Zenaida , Malabayabas Maria Luz , Das Subrata Kumar , Yamano Takashi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development, dissemination, and adoption of improved rice varieties are imperative for global food and nutritional security. Knowledge of the crop’s distribution across agro-ecologies is important for impact assessment studies, varietal replacement strategies, and the development and implementation of agricultural policies. Bangladesh is the world’s 4thlargest rice producer. Though traditional varieties (TVs) are abundant and valued throughout Bangladesh, population growth and vulnerability to climate change, necessitate efficient deployment of high-yielding stress-tolerant modern varieties (MVs). To aid agricultural policy and strategy this study aimed to accurately assess the distribution of MVs and TVs across Bangladesh during the rainfed rice-growing season. Information derived from a survey of rice production areas were compared and combined with DNA fingerprinting information from the same locations. Biodiversity of Bangladesh rice remained high. While TVs and first generation MVs of Bangladeshi and Indian origin were still commonly grown, recently released stress-tolerant MVs were adopted in large proportions in several districts. Although farmers successfully distinguished TVs from MVs grown in their fields, a considerable lack of authenticity among MVs was observed, pinpointing shortcomings in the seed supply chain. This study identifies focal points for extension work and validates DNA fingerprinting as reliable method for impact assessment studies.
Gene coexpression network analysis combined with metabonomics reveals the resistance responses to powdery mildew in Tibetan hulless barley
Authors: Yuan Hongjun , Zeng Xingquan , Yang Qiaofeng , Xu Qijun , Wang Yulin , Jabu Dunzhu , Sang Zha , Tashi Nyima 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPowdery mildew is a fungal disease that represents a ubiquitous threat to crop plants. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were used to identify molecular and physiological changes in Tibetan hulless barley in response to powdery mildew. There were 3418 genes and 405 metabolites differentially expressed between the complete resistance cultivar G7 and the sensitive cultivar Z13. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was carried out, and the differentially expressed genes were enriched in five and four major network modules in G7 and Z13, respectively. Further analyses showed that phytohormones, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were altered during Qingke-Blumeria graminis (DC.) f.sp. hordei (Bgh) interaction. Comparative analyses showed a correspondence between gene expression and metabolite profiles, and the activated defenses resulted in changes of metabolites involved in plant defense response, such as phytohormones, lipids, flavone and flavonoids, phenolamides, and phenylpropanoids. This study enabled the identification of Bgh responsive genes and provided new insights into the dynamic physiological changes that occur in Qingke during response to powdery mildew. These findings greatly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of induced defense response in Qingke and will provide new clues for the development of resistant Tibetan hulless barley varieties.
Effect of a butyrate-fortified milk replacer on gastrointestinal microbiota and products of fermentation in artificially reared dairy calves at weaning
Authors: O’Hara Eóin , Kelly Alan , McCabe Matthew S. , Kenny David A. , Guan Le Luo , Waters Sinéad M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnrichment of calf diets with exogenous butyrate has shown promise as a promotor of calf growth and intestinal development. However, the impact of dietary derived butyrate on the gut microbiota and their potential role, in turn, as mediators of its effect on calf growth and development is not known. Here, the effects of butyrate supplementation on rumen and hindgut microbiota and fermentation profiles were assessed in 16 Holstein-Friesian bull calves randomly assigned to one of two groups: Control (CON) fed conventional milk replacer or Sodium-Butyrate (SB – added to milk replacer) from days 7 to 56 of life. In the colon, total short chain fatty acid (SCFA), propionate and acetate concentrations were increased by SB (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed cecal abundance of butyrate producers Butyrivibrio and Shuttleworthia were decreased by SB (P < 0.05), while that of the propionate producer Phascolarctobacterium was higher (P < 0.05). Mogibacterium is associated with impaired gut health and was reduced in the cecum of SB calves (P < 0.05). These data show that the beneficial effects of SB on growth and performance occur in tandem with changes in the abundance of important SCFA producing and health-associated bacteria in the hindgut in milk-fed calves.
Incidence of notified Lyme borreliosis in Germany,
2013–2017
Authors: Enkelmann Julia , Böhmer Merle , Fingerle Volker , Siffczyk Claudia , Werber Dirk , Littmann Martina , Merbecks Sophie-Susann , Helmeke Carina , Schroeder Sabine , Hell Stefan , Schlotthauer Uwe , Burckhardt Florian , Stark Klaus , Schielke Anika , Wilking Hendrik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLyme borreliosis (LB) is the most commonly reported tick-borne disease
in Germany. In 9/16 states, notification of erythema migrans (EM), acute
neuroborreliosis (NB) and Lyme arthritis (LA) is mandatory. We describe incidence
measures, time trends, geographical distribution and frequencies of manifestations
to better understand LB epidemiology and target prevention measures. We used cases
notified in the 9 states and confirmed by local health offices, 2013–2017, to
calculate incidences by time, place and person. Altogether, we observed 56,446
cases. Disease onset peaked yearly in July. Incidence ranged from 26/100,000 (2015)
to 41/100,000 (2013) with mean annual incidences 2013–2017 on district level between
0.5/100,000 and 138/100,000. Median age was 54 years with peaks in boys (5–9 years,
mean incidence 36/100,000) and women (50–69 years, mean incidence 57/100,000). 95%
experienced EM only, 2.7% NB and 2.1% LA. 54% were female, but more men had NB (56%)
and LA (53%, p < 0.001). Hospitalisation was recorded for 10% of LA and 71% of NB
cases. LB remains an important public health concern in Germany with marked regional
variation. To facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, health authorities should
raise awareness among physicians and promote prevention strategies among the general
population: tick-bite-protection, prompt tick removal and medical
consultation.
Novel Smartphone Interventions Improve Cognitive Flexibility and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Individuals with Contamination Fears
Authors: Jalal Baland , Brühl Annette , O’Callaghan Claire , Piercy Thomas , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Ramachandran Vilayanur S. , Sahakian Barbara J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne type of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by contamination fears and compulsive cleansing. Few effective treatments are available for this debilitating condition. Compulsive symptoms, such as excessive washing, are believed to be mediated by cognitive inflexibility—arguably the most striking cognitive impairment in OCD. In this study, we investigated the effects of two novel smartphone interventions on cognitive flexibility and OCD symptoms in healthy individuals with OCD-like contamination fears. In the first intervention, participants watched a brief video recording of themselves engaging in handwashing on a smartphone, four times a day, for a total of one week (N = 31). The second intervention was similar except that participants watched themselves repeatedly touching a disgust-inducing object (N = 31). In a third (control) “intervention”, participants watched themselves performing sequential hand movements (N = 31). As hypothesized, the two smartphone interventions, unlike the control, improved cognitive flexibility; as assessed on the Intradimensional–Extradimensional Set Shifting task (a sensitive marker of cognitive flexibility). The two interventions, unlike the control, also improved OCD symptoms (measured with the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory–Revised and Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale). Finally, we found high levels of adherence to the interventions. These findings have significant clinical implications for OCD.