bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equality of Participation: An Alternative to Outcome and Opportunity Measures
Authors: Thacker Justin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper outlines the problem of inequality in economic, social, biblical and theological terms. It discusses three concepts of equality before making a relatively novel proposal of its own. The first, equality of outcome, is dismissed for failing to pay sufficient attention to the inequities it engenders and its failure to take seriously the issue of personal responsibility. The second, equality of opportunity, is shown to be more promising but this is critiqued for its propagation of a hierarchy of socially desirable goods. Sen is correct to argue that variegated definitions of the good life imply that any simple concept of equality of opportunity is insufficient. In contrast, this paper draws attention to the idea of justice as participation and in the process reframes this to define and argue for an equality of participation concept in which the equalisandum is located in relationships rather than outcomes, opportunities or capabilities.
Numerical Simulation of Rapid Weakening of Hurricane Joaquin with Assimilation of High-Definition Sounding System Dropsondes during the Tropical Cyclone Intensity Experiment: Comparison of Three- and Four-Dimensional Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation
Authors: Zhang Shixuan , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Observations from High-Definition Sounding System (HDSS) dropsondes, collected for Hurricane Joaquin during the Office of Naval Research Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) field experiment in 2015, are assimilated into the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model. The Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI)-based hybrid three-dimensional and four-dimensional ensemble–variational (3DEnVar and 4DEnVar) data assimilation configurations are compared. The assimilation of HDSS dropsonde observations can help HWRF initialization by generating consistent analysis between wind and pressure fields and can also compensate for the initial maximum surface wind errors in the absence of initial vortex intensity correction. Compared with GSI–3DEnVar, the assimilation of HDSS dropsonde observations using GSI–4DEnVar generates a more realistic initial vortex intensity and reproduces the rapid weakening (RW) of Hurricane Joaquin, suggesting that the assimilation of high-resolution inner-core observations (e.g., HDSS dropsonde data) based on an advanced data assimilation method (e.g., 4DEnVar) can potentially outperform the vortex initialization scheme currently used in HWRF. Additionally, the assimilation of HDSS dropsonde observations can improve the simulation of vortex structure changes and the accuracy of the vertical motion within the TC inner-core region, which is essential to the successful simulation of the RW of Hurricane Joaquin with HWRF. Additional experiments with GSI–4DEnVar in different configurations also indicate that the performance of GSI–4DEnVar can be further improved with a high-resolution background error covariance and a denser observational bin.
Effect of Modified Broström Procedure With Periosteal Flap Augmentation After Subfibular Ossicle Excision on Ankle Stability
Authors: Park Chul Hyun , Park JeongJin 
Published: March 2019

Background: The study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the modified Broström procedure (MBP) with periosteal flap augmentation after large subfibular ossicle excision for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Methods: Twenty-two CLAI cases with a large ossicle (≥10 mm) were treated consecutively using the MBP with periosteal flap augmentation after ossicle excision. The mean follow-up duration was 20 months (12-33). For clinical assessment, the visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, and Karlsson-Peterson score were evaluated preoperatively and at the last follow-up. For radiographic assessment, the size of the ossicle was measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and the talar tilt angle and anterior talar displacement were measured preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Results: The VAS, AOFAS, and Karlsson-Peterson scores improved from 6.3, 68.7, and 56.9 preoperatively to 1.6, 94.5, and 92.4 at the last follow-up, respectively. The mean size of the ossicles was 14.8 mm (11-21 mm). The talar tilt angle and anterior talar displacement improved from 11.2 degrees and 8.3 mm preoperatively to 4.4 degrees and 3.9 mm at the last follow-up, respectively. Conclusion: MBP combined with periosteal flap augmentation after ossicle excision provided good clinical and radiographic outcomes in CLAI with a large ossicle. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Suitability of Using the Hamate for Reconstruction of the Finger Middle Phalanx Base: An Assessment of Cartilage Thickness
Authors: Podolsky Dale J. , Mainprize James , McMillan Catherine , Binhammer Paul 
Published: March 2019

Background: Osteochondral grafts are indicated for reconstructing the finger middle phalanx base when there is greater than 50% involvement of the articular surface and significant comminution. This study aims to compare the cartilage thickness of the distal surface of the hamate to the finger middle phalanx base to assess its suitability as an osteochondral graft. Methods: A 3-dimensional laser scanner and computer modelling techniques were utilized to determine the cartilage thickness of the distal surface of the hamate, and finger middle phalanx base using cadaver specimens. The mean, maximum, and coefficient of variation (CV%; a measure of uniformity of cartilage distribution), as well as cartilage distribution maps were determined. Results: The mean cartilage thickness of the hamate was 0.73 ± 0.08 mm compared to the average mean thickness of the finger middle phalanx base of 0.40 ± 0.12 mm. The maximum cartilage thickness of the hamate was 1.27 ± 0.14 mm compared to the average maximum of the finger middle phalanx base of 0.67 ± 0.14 mm. The CV% of the hamate was 27.8 ± 4.2 compared to the average CV% for the finger middle phalanx base of 26.6 ± 8.1. The hamate and finger middle phalanx base have maximum areas that were most frequently at or spanning the median ridge; however, this was more consistently observed with the hamate. Conclusion: The distal surface of the hamate is a suitable osteochondral graft with respect to cartilage thickness and distribution providing sufficient cartilage for reconstruction of the finger middle phalanx base.
Le Fort III in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: Cost Comparison of Distraction Osteogenesis Versus Single-Stage Internal Fixation Techniques
Authors: Mosa Adam J. , Zellner Elizabeth , Ho Emily S. , Fisher Mark D. , Phillips John H. , Forrest Christopher R. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: In syndromic craniosynostosis, the Le Fort III osteotomy is used to correct dental/skeletal imbalance, improve exorbitism, and increase the airway. The purpose of this study is to perform a cost comparison between the standard technique of single-stage rigid internal fixation and distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the Le Fort III osteotomy in this patient population. Method: Hospital cost accounting databases were queried for patients undergoing single-stage advancement (SS) or DO from 2007 to 2016. Nominal cost data were adjusted using the Bank of Canada Consumer Price Index. Reported costs represented the full length of stay for all utilization per patient. Demographic information and cost data for single-stage osteotomy and DO were compared. Results: Total costs for single-stage (n = 8) were higher than distraction (n = 6; mean $CAD57 825 vs $38 268, P < .05). Intensive care unit (ICU) costs for single-stage were significantly higher than distraction (mean, $17 746 vs $5585, P < .005). Distraction cases had higher operating room (OR) costs than single stage, but the difference was not significant (mean, $12 540 vs $9696). Length of stay was significantly longer for SS patients (mean, 11 days vs 7 days, P < .05). Conclusions: This single-institution retrospective cost analysis indicates standard SS rigid internal fixation Le Fort III is more costly than DO. Despite higher OR costs, prolonged ICU and hospital stay was the primary reason behind this difference. This information may be of benefit when advocating for new technology perceived as high cost.
Multiple feedback mechanisms fine-tune Rho signaling to regulate morphogenetic outcomes
Authors: Ong Katy , Collier Camille , DiNardo Stephen 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Rho signaling is a conserved mechanism for generating forces through activation of contractile actomyosin. How this pathway can produce different cell morphologies is poorly understood. In the Drosophila embryonic epithelium, we investigate how Rho signaling controls force asymmetry to drive morphogenesis. We study a distinct morphogenetic process termed ‘alignment’. This process results in striking columns of rectilinear cells connected by aligned cell–cell contacts. We found that this is driven by contractile actomyosin cables that elevate tension along aligning interfaces. Our data show that polarization of Rho effectors, Rok and Dia, directs formation of these cables. Constitutive activation of these effectors causes aligning cells to instead invaginate. This suggests that moderating Rho signaling is essential to producing the aligned geometry. Therefore, we tested for feedback that could fine-tune Rho signaling. We discovered that F-actin exerts negative feedback on multiple nodes in the pathway. Further, we present evidence that suggests that Rok in part mediates feedback from F-actin to Rho in a manner independent of Myo-II. Collectively, our work suggests that multiple feedback mechanisms regulate Rho signaling, which may account for diverse morphological outcomes.
Effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and growth in infancy on fat mass and fat free mass indices in early adolescence: an analysis of the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBs) cohort
Authors: Nsamba Jonathan , Lule Swaib A. , Namara Benigna , Zziwa Christopher , Akurut Hellen , Lubyayi Lawrence , Akello Florence , Tumusiime Josephine , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L. 
Published: March 2019

Background: There is limited data from Africa on the effect of pre- and post-natal growth and infant feeding on later body composition. This study's aim was to investigate the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on adolescent body composition, using data from a Ugandan birth cohort. Methods: Data was collected prenatally from pregnant women and prospectively from their resulting live offspring. Data on body composition (fat mass index [FMI] and fat free mass index [FFMI]) was collected from 10- and 11-year olds. Linear regression was used to assess the effect of birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding and infant growth on FMI and FFMI, adjusting for confounders. Results: 177 adolescents with a median age of 10.1 years were included in analysis, with mean FMI 2.9 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 1.2), mean FFMI 12.8 kg/m2 (SD 1.4) and mean birth weight 3.2 kg (SD 0.5). 90 (50.9%) were male and 110 (63.2%) were exclusively breastfeeding at six weeks of age. Birth weight was associated with FMI in adolescence (regression coefficient β= 0.66 per kg increase in birth weight, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.04, 1.29), P=0.02), while exclusive breastfeeding (β= -0.43, 95% CI (-1.06, 0.19), P=0.12), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.24 95% CI (-0.43, 0.92), P=0.48) and growth 6-12 months (β= 0.61, 95% CI (-0.23, 1.46), P=0.11) were not associated with FMI among adolescents. Birth weight (β= 0.91, 95% CI (0.17, 1.65), P=0.01) was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding (β= 0.17, 95% CI (-0.60, 0.94), P=0.62), growth 0-6 months (β= 0.56, 95% CI (-0.20, 1.33), P= 0.10), and growth 6-12 months (β= -0.02, 95% CI (-1.02, 0.99), P=0.97) were not associated with FFMI. Conclusions: Birth weight predicted body composition parameters in Ugandan early adolescents, however, exclusive breastfeeding at six weeks of age and growth in infancy did not.
Data linkage in medical science using the resource description framework: the AVERT model
Authors: Reddy Brian P , Houlding Brett , Hederman Lucy , Canney Mark , Debruyne Christophe , O'Brien Ciaran , Meehan Alan , O'Sullivan Declan , Little Mark A 
Published: March 2019

There is an ongoing challenge as to how best manage and understand ‘big data’ in precision medicine settings. This paper describes the potential for a Linked Data approach, using a Resource Description Framework (RDF) model, to combine multiple datasets with temporal and spatial elements of varying dimensionality. This “AVERT model” provides a framework for converting multiple standalone files of various formats, from both clinical and environmental settings, into a single data source. This data source can thereafter be queried effectively, shared with outside parties, more easily understood by multiple stakeholders using standardized vocabularies, incorporating provenance metadata and supporting temporo-spatial reasoning. The approach has further advantages in terms of data sharing, security and subsequent analysis. We use a case study relating to anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) disease, a rare autoimmune condition, to illustrate a technical proof of concept for the AVERT model.
A note reconsidering the message of Heraclius’ silver hexagram, circa AD 615
Authors: Whalin Douglas C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The hexagram was first minted during the darkest days of the final Roman-Persian War (602-628) when Roman fortunes were at their lowest. As a result, commentators have read the coin’s novel inscription, Deus Adiuta Romanis (God, help the Romans) as evidence for the ’stressful and desperate’ state of the empire. This paper presents the case that reading the coin alongside evidence for popular military practices instead paints a picture of the Roman state apparatus deftly manipulating mass propaganda. For the Romans in the 610s, these new coins signalled not defeatism but defiance and the promise of victory.
Crystal structure 1-cinnamyl-2-((Z)-styryl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole — methanol (1/1), C24H20N2 ⋅ CH4O
Authors: Tan Hong-Bo , Huang Zheng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
C24H20N2 ⋅ CH4O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.764(3) Å, b = 8.744(2) Å, c = 18.733(5) Å, β = 93.944(5)°, V = 2085.8(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0501, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1447, T = 296(2) K.
Effect of biodynamic preparations on the soil biological and agrochemical properties and coloured potato tubers quality
Authors: Vaitkevičienė Nijolė , Jarienė Elvyra , Ingold Reto , Peschke Jasmin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this research, which was undertaken in three years (2013-2015), was to evaluate the effect of biodynamic (BD) preparations 500 and 501 on soil biological and agrochemical properties and potato tuber quality. The soil samples were analyzed for: available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonia nitrogen, nitrogen (sum of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen) and mineral nitrogen. The potato samples were analyzed for: total polyphenols content, total anthocyanin’s content and antiradical activity. The research revealed that significantly the highest concentrations of available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrogen and mineral nitrogen in the soil throughout the growing season were identified on the 14th day after soil application of BD preparation 500 (before potato planting). As well as, soil spray application of BD preparation 500 resulted in higher enzyme activity (urease and saccharase). When the BD preparation 501 was applied, the content of total phenolic compounds in the tubers of cultivars Blue Congo and Red Emmalie was significantly higher, 20.1% and 5.4%, respectively; the content of anthocyanins were significantly higher in the tubers of three tested cultivars. However, the application of this preparation did not have any effect on the content of total phenolic compounds and on the antioxidant activity of Vitelotte tubers. The use of both preparations (500+501) had significant effects only on anthocyanins accumulation in the tubers of Blue Congo and Vitelotte. The application of preparation 500 significantly decreased the content of anthocyanins in the tubers of cvs. Red Emmalie and Vitelotte.
Effect of weed species on drought tolerant rice genotypes at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Amit , Adhikari Bishnu Bilash , Shrestha Jiban 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Weeds compete with rice for water, nutrients, space and light. The effect of weeds on productivity of rice genotypes were studied at research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus, Lamjung, Nepal in 2016. Eight rice genotypes (IR-87684- 18-1-2-3, IR-83388-3-3-140-4, IR-8839-39-1-6-4, IR-87759-7- 1-2-3, IR-88966-22-1-1-1, IR-88839-3-1-2-2, IR-88869-2-2-2-2, and Sukhadhan-3) and two weed management practices (Weeded condition and non weeded condition) were studied in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that weeding operation significantly increased the growth traits and final yield of rice genotypes. Non-significant results among tested genotypes were obtained for grain yield and straw yield however the maximum grain yield (3.68 t ha-1) and straw yield (5.99 t ha-1) were found in IR-88839- 39-1-6-4 which might be due to highest test grain weight (30.64 g), tallest plant height (105.7m) and lower sterility percentage (21.84%). Similarly, the relative grain yield loss due to weed infestation was 41.8%. The highest grain yield (3.99 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.90 t ha-1) was found in weeded plots compared to non-weeded plots (2.321 t ha-1 and 6.43 t ha-1, respectively). Among weed species, Rotala indica was found most dominant (1091 m-2) and proportion 18%) followed by Eriocaulon cinereum (245.83 m-2 and 12%). Interaction effect between variety and weed population showed non-significant results for all growth and yield attributes. The plots having highest number of weed population showed greater loss of rice yield. Thus this study suggests that weeding should be carried out to achieve higher rice production.
Sweet Potato Chips Development and Optimization of Chips Processing Variables
Authors: Timalsina Pratiksha , Prajapati Reena , Bhaktaraj Sabina , Shrestha Razina , Shrestha Susmita , Mitra Pranabendu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sweet potatoes are nutritionally rich and can be converted into chips using a simple frying technique. However, frying processing variables affect the quality of chips significantly and optimization of processing variables is necessary to produce the desired quality chips. The objective of this study was to optimize the pre-drying time and the frying conditions (time and temperature) to obtain quality sweet potato chips with low fat. RSM with CCRD was used to develop regression and response surface models to observe the effect of pre-drying time and frying variables and optimize the frying conditions for the desired physicochemical properties of chips as response variables. The regression and response surface modeling indicated that the pre-drying time, frying temperature and frying time had a linear effect on moisture content, water activity, oil content and total color difference and a quadratic effect on L value, hardness and crispness of the sweet potato chips. The numerical and graphical optimization indicated that the quality of the chips was improved in the range of pre-drying (25-30 min), frying temperature (155-160°C) and frying time (5-6 min). The findings of this research will be helpful for a commercial setting of processing variables for sweet potato chips development within the experimental range.
Litigation and the Product Rule: A Rent Seeking Approach
Authors: De Mot Jef , Miceli Thomas J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the suppression of the product rule in litigation from a rent seeking perspective. We show that there are some important arguments in favor of not applying it. First, the expected judgment is always lower when the product rule is used, especially for relatively strong cases. Second, litigation expenditures are often larger when the product rule is used, again especially for relatively strong cases. Both of these factors decrease the plaintiff’s expected value for such cases. Third, when the product rule is suppressed, the plaintiff files all cases that he or she should win. This is not so when the product rule is applied. Fourth, for many of the weakest cases (the ones in which the quality of all issues is rather weak), the expected value of the plaintiff’s case is larger when the product rule is used. The main argument in favor of the application of the product rule is that when the rule is suppressed, plaintiffs file more cases in which the quality of one issue is weak and the quality of the other issue is strong. However, the influence of this factor on the ex ante incentives of the injurer is relatively small.
Inline-fähige Weißlichtinterferometrie mit integrierter Schwingungskompensation
Authors: Tereschenko Stanislav , Lehmann Peter 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Weißlichtinterferometer sind weit verbreitete Messgeräte zur Erfassung von 3D-Mikrotopographien. Der Einsatz solcher Messgeräte in maschinennaher Umgebung abseits schwingungsgedämpfter Labore wird durch Umgebungsschwingungen erschwert oder sogar unmöglich gemacht. In diesem Beitrag wird ein passives Kompensationsverfahren am Beispiel von zwei interferometrischen Sensoren vorgestellt, mit dem der Einfluss beliebiger sowohl periodischer als auch transienter axialer Störschwingungen auf interferometrische Weißlichtmessungen kompensiert werden kann. Durch die zeitlich hochaufgelöste Abstandserfassung eines in das Weißlichtinterferometer integrierten Abstandsinterferometers werden alle Abweichungen von dem Soll-Tiefenscanverlauf gemessen und zur Korrektur der Weißlichtinterferenzsignale verwendet. Daraus wird anschließend mit etablierten Auswertealgorithmen die Oberflächentopographie berechnet. Die Schwingungskompensation wird anhand von Vergleichsmessungen mit und ohne Störschwingungen an verschiedenen Messobjekten demonstriert.
Activismo judicial y su efecto difuminador en la división y equilibrio de poderes
Authors: Mej Jorge , P Roberto 
Published: March 2019

ResumenCon el presente articulo de reflexi6n se pretende exponer te6ricamente que el fen6meno del activismo judicial desdibuja los limites competenciales del ejercicio de los poderes publicos a favor del juzgador, lo que dependiendo de la 6ptica de equilibrador o intruso, se puede ver como legitimo o ilegitimo. Asi- mismo, se sustentará en qué circunstancias un juez crea derecho, asumiendo la condici6n de legislador positivo, tambien se ilustrara cuando actua como legis- lador negativo y bajo qué presupuesto como juez-administrador. Finalmente se sostendra que el sistema actual de frenos y contrapesos en Colombia adolece de un desequilibrio o desbalance provechoso para la judicatura. AbstractWith the present paper is to explain theoretically the phenomenon of judi- cial activism blurs the jurisdictional limits of the exercise of public powers in favor of the judge, so depending on the perspective of balancing or intruder can be seen as legitimate or illegitimate. Also, it will be supported under what cir- cumstances a judge creates law, taking the form of positive legislator, also will illustrate when acting as negative legislator and under what budget as judge- administrator. Finally, we argue the present system of checks and balances in Colombia suffers from an imbalance profitable for the judiciary.