bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties Evaluation of Repair Mortars Containing EVA and VA/VeoVa Polymer Powders
Authors: Weng Tsai-Lung , Lin Wei-Ting , Li Cheng-Hao 
Published: September 2018

The repair of damaged structures is a complicated problem in the construction industry and it is no uniform standard for evaluating the effectiveness of repair materials. Two different redispersible polymer powders, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyvinyl acetate-vinyl carboxylate (VA/VeoVa), were added in the repair mortars with two water-cement ratios and three polymer-cement ratios. The effectiveness of repair materials was evaluated according to the physical, mechanical properties and micrographs. Testing program includes setting time, drying shrinkage, thermal expansion, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, bond strength, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy observation. Test results show that the specimens with VA/VeoVa and w/c of 0.5 have highest compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and bond strength. The specimen with EVA also has higher strength than control one at the age of 28 days. The drying shrinkage deformation of VA/VeoVa specimen is close to the control one. The specimens with VA/VeoVa have lower thermal expansion than EVA specimen when the water-cement ratio is 0.5 and there is no difference between EVA and VA/VeoVa specimens for the water-cement ratio of 0.6. The micrographs show that adding polymer powder can reduce the pore and improve the durability.
High Density Polyethylene/Pistachio Shell Flour/Nanoclay Composites - Effect of Accelerated Weathering Conditions on Mechanical Properties, Relative Brightness and Total Colour Change
Authors: Najafabadi M.A. Abedini , Khorasani S. Nouri , Esfahani J. Moftakharian 
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the effect of the addition of nanoclay (Cloisite 20A) on some mechanical properties, % relative brightness (ΔLrel) and total colour change (ΔEab) of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/pistachio shell flour (PSF) composites when exposed to accelerated weathering conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of samples containing 3 and 6 per hundred composite (phc) of nanoclay indicated partial exfoliation and intercalation. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of HDPE/PSF composites (without nanoclay) decreased when the exposure time increased to 1500 h, while the tensile modulus and tensile strength increased. For samples with nanoclay, ΔLrel and ΔEab increased upon accelerated weathering conditions up to 500 h, and thereafter remained constant. But results show that ΔLrel and ΔEab increased significantly upon accelerated weathering exposure in HDPE/PSF samples up to 1500 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results after 1500 h exposure to weathering condition showed signs of the presence of cracks in samples without nanoclay, unlike the samples with nanoclay.
Both the multiplicative and single-worst-injury International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score underperform in urban Indian hospitals
Authors: Sterner Mattias , Attergrim Jonatan , Claeson Alice , Kumar Vineet , Khajanchi Monty , Dharap Satish , Gerdin Martin 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Trauma accounts for 9% of all deaths worldwide, killing almost five million people annually. As India accounts for more than one million of these deaths, research on local trauma care is of great importance. A key aspect of such research is outcome comparisons between contexts. One tool to adjust these comparisons for trauma severity is the International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score. The aim was to assess two versions of this score in India. Methods The data used were from the project Towards Improved Trauma Care Outcomes in India. Published survival risk ratios were used to calculate multiplicative-International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score and single-worst-injury-International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score for the 200 most recent non-surviving patients and the surviving patients during the same period. Score performance was measured in discrimination and calibration. Results The 30-day prediction single-worst-injury-International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score discriminated best with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.668 (95% CI 0.645–0.690) and a calibration slope of 0.830 (95% CI 0.708–0.940). Conclusions The single-worst-injury-International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score applied on 30-day mortality was the only score to calibrate on a satisfactory level. None of the scores had an acceptable discrimination. In interpreting these findings, we see that none of the tested scores can currently be implemented in the studied hospitals.
Repeated Mechanical Recycling of Polylactic Acid Filled with Chalk
Authors: Fazelinejad Samaneh , Åkesson Dan , Skrifvars Mikael 
Published: September 2018

Polylactic acid (PLA) was compounded with 30 wt% chalk and 5 wt% of a bio-based plasticiser on a twin screw extruder. Mechanical recycling of the obtained compound was studied by multiple extrusions up to six cycles. The degradation was monitored by mechanical and thermal tests. Tensile and flexural tests did not reveal any major degradation after six cycles of processing. Characterising the material with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) did not detect any significant change of the thermal properties. The material was also characterised by FTIR and, again, no significant change was detected. The material was finally characterised by melt flow index and by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Both tests revealed that some degradation had occurred. The 1H-NMR clearly showed that the chain length had been reduced. Also, the MFI test showed that degradation had occurred. However, the study reveals that PLA filled with chalk can be recycled by repeated extrusion for up to 6 cycles, without severe degradation. This should be of relevance when considering the end-of-life treatment of polymer products made from PLA.
Incorporation of Devulcanised Rubber in Fresh Rubber Compounds: Impact of Filler Correction on Vulcanisate Properties
Authors: Joseph Anu Mary , Madhusoodanan K.N. , Alex Rosamma , George Benny 
Published: September 2018

Carbon black filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanisate with known composition and properties were mechanically devulcanized by shearing in a laboratory two roll mill. The efficiency of devulcanisation was determined through crosslink density measurements. In order to simulate the end-of-life rubber products, mechanical devulcanisation of samples aged at standard laboratory conditions were also carried out. The devulcanized rubber prepared from un-aged and aged samples were incorporated in fresh compounds at three different proportions viz. 85/15, 75/25 and 60/40. A comparative study of such blends, where the filler present in the devulcanized rubber is also considered active and corresponding reduction is made in the formulation and the other case where the filler present in the devulcanized rubber is rendered passive, showed that there is a chance to optimize the vulcanizate properties of the blends of virgin rubber and devulcanized rubber by adjusting the compounding strategies. A combination of simple mechanical devulcanisation and optimization of the amount of filler while blending the devulcanised rubber with fresh compounds can give promising results.
Prevalence and Epidemiology of Injuries Among Elite Cyclists in the Tour de France
Authors: Haeberle Heather S. , Navarro Sergio M. , Power Eric J. , Schickendantz Mark S. , Farrow Lutul D. , Ramkumar Prem N. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Cycling injuries are increasing, particularly among elite athletes during major events such as the Tour de France. Many athletes miss considerable time from sport and require surgical intervention. Little is known about the epidemiology of injuries to guide practice participation strategies, return-to-competition expectations, and injury prevention protocols. Purpose: To evaluate the injury epidemiology, operative incidence, and return-to-competition timeline among all elite cyclists participating in the 21-stage Tour de France race over a span of 8 years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All injuries sustained during 1584 unique rides by cyclists participating in the Tour de France from 2010 to 2017 were evaluated. In the absence of an established Tour de France injury database, demographic, injury, surgical, and return-to-competition details from all athletes who withdrew because of a traumatic injury were retrospectively compiled using publicly available data, which were cross-referenced for validity. The inclusion criterion consisted of any cyclist who withdrew from the Tour de France because of an injury; cyclists who withdrew for noninjury reasons were excluded. Independent variables included injury demographics, missed days, and whether the injury required surgery. Injury prevalence, relative frequency distributions, and sample proportions were dependent metrics for this investigation. Results: Among the 1584 cycling entries evaluated over the 8-year study period, there were 259 cyclists (16%) who withdrew (17 cyclists/year). A total of 138 withdrawals were caused by acute trauma, 49% of which were fractures (n = 67), which represented the most common reason for withdrawal. A total of 29 (43%) cyclists with fractures underwent surgery. The most commonly fractured bones were the clavicle (n = 21), followed by the wrist (n = 6), hand (n = 5), femur (n = 5), humerus (n = 5), and ribs (n = 5). Cyclists who underwent operative fracture fixation had a longer time between the injury and their next race compared with those who did not undergo surgery (77 vs 44 days, respectively; P = .065). Conclusion: The most common injury leading to withdrawal from the Tour de France over the study period was acute fracture, comprising 49% of all injuries. Almost half of the cyclists with fractures underwent surgery. The clavicle was the most commonly fractured bone. For cyclists who underwent operative treatment of their fractures, return to competition was more than 1 month longer than for those who did not. A prospective database is warranted to catalog injuries among these elite cyclists.
Characterization of clays from the Foumban region (west Cameroon) and evaluation for refractory brick manufacture
Authors: Pountouenchi A. , Njoya D. , Njoya A. , Rabibisao D. , Mache J.R. , Yongue R.F. , Njopwouo D. , Fagel N. , Pilate P. , Van Parys L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThree clayey materials named MY3, KK and KG originating from the Foumban region (west Cameroon) were analysed to determine their granulometry, plasticity, major-element chemistry and mineralogy. Dilatometric and ceramic behaviour were also investigated. Clays were shaped by uniaxial pressing in a steel mould. Shaped samples were heated at 1300, 1400 and 1500°C. The end products were characterized in terms of their density, porosity and compressive strength. Raw materials differ in terms of their mineralogical composition, grain-size distribution, Al2O3 content and the nature and abundance of impurities inducing specific thermal behaviour during dilatometric analysis and sintering tests. The final material properties may be related to the main features of the raw materials used.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Sequential Brentuximab Vedotin and Doxorubicin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Chemotherapy for Older Patients With Untreated Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Evens Andrew M. , Advani Ranjana H. , Helenowski Irene B. , Fanale Michelle , Smith Sonali M. , Jovanovic Borko D. , Bociek Gregory R. , Klein Andreas K. , Winter Jane N. , Gordon Leo I. , Hamlin Paul A. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose To improve the curability of older patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients and Methods We conducted a multicenter phase II study that administered brentuximab vedotin (Bv) sequentially before and after standard doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) for untreated patients with Hodgkin lymphoma age 60 years or older. After two lead-in doses of single-agent Bv (1.8 mg/kg once every 3 weeks), patients received six cycles of AVD chemotherapy followed by four consolidative doses of Bv in responding patients. Results Patient characteristics included median age of 69 years (range, 60 to 88 years), 63% male, median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1, 81% stage III to IV disease, 60% International Prognostic Score 3 to 7, median Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric comorbidity score of 7 (52% grade 3 to 4); and 12% had loss of instrumental activities of daily living at diagnosis. Thirty-seven (77%) of 48 patients completed six cycles of AVD, and 35 patients (73%) received at least one Bv consolidation. Overall response and complete remission rates after initial Bv lead-in dose were 18 (82%) of 22 and 8 (36%) of 22, respectively, and 40 (95%) of 42 and 34 (90%) of 42, respectively, after six cycles of AVD among 42 response-evaluable patients. Twenty (42%) of 48 patients experienced a grade 3 to 4 adverse event, most commonly neutropenia (44%), febrile neutropenia and pneumonia (8%), or diarrhea (6%); 33% had grade 2 peripheral neuropathy, which was reversible in a majority of patients. By intent-to-treat, the 2-year event-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates were 80%, 84%, and 93%, respectively. Furthermore, 2-year progression-free survival rates for patients with a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric comorbidity score of ≥ 10 versus < 10 were 45% versus 100%, respectively ( P < .001), and with baseline loss versus no loss of instrumental activities of daily living were 25% versus 94% ( P < .001), respectively, the latter persisting on multivariable analyses. Conclusion Altogether, sequential Bv-AVD was well tolerated and was associated with robust outcomes. Furthermore, geriatric-based measures were strongly associated with patient survival.
Computed tomography-derived assessments of regional muscle volume: Validating their use as predictors of whole body muscle volume in cancer patients
Authors: Halpenny Darragh F , Goncalves Marcus , Schwitzer Emily , Golia Pernicka Jennifer , Jackson Jasmyne , Gandelman Stephanie , Moskowitz Chaya S , Postow Michael , Mourtzakis Marina , Caan Bette , Jones Lee W , Plodkowski Andrew J 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
Evaluate the accuracy of CT-derived regional skeletal muscle volume (SMV) measurements to predict whole body SMV in patients with melanoma.

Methods:
148 patients with advanced melanoma who underwent whole body positron emission tomography/CT were studied. Whole body SMV was measured on CT and used as the reference standard. CT-derived regional measures of SMV were obtained in the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs. Models were developed on a discovery cohort (n-98), using linear regression to model whole body SMV as a function of each regional measure, and clinical factors. Predictive performance of the derived models was evaluated in a validation cohort (n = 50) by estimating the explained variation (R 2) of each model.

Results:
In the discovery cohort, all regional SMV measurements were significantly associated with whole body SMV [β1 range: 0.673–1.153, all p &lt; 0.001)]. The magnitude of association was greatest for pelvic regional measurements {β = 1.153, [95% confidence interval (0.989, 1.317)]}. Prediction algorithms incorporating clinical variables and regional SMVs were developed to estimate whole body SMV from regional assessments. Using the validation cohort to predict whole body SMV, the R 2 values for the pelvic, abdominal and thoracic regional measurements were 0.89, 0.86, 0.78.

Conclusion:
Regional measures of SMV are strong predictors of whole body SMV in patients with advanced melanoma.

Advances in knowledge:
The first study utilizing whole body imaging as a reference standard validating the use of regional SMVs in cancer patients, including validating the use of regional SMVs outside of traditionally assessed areas.
The signs of adaptive mutations identified in the chloroplast genome of the algae endosymbiont of Baikal sponge.
Authors: Feranchuk Sergey , Belkova Natalia , Chernogor Lubov , Potapova Ulyana , Belikov Sergei 
Published: September 2018

Background: The study of ecosystems of the great lakes is important as observations can be extended to ecosystems of larger scale. The ecological crisis of Lake Baikal needs investigations to discover the molecular mechanisms involved in the crisis. The disease of Baikal sponges is one of the processes resulting in the degradation of the littoral zone of the lake. Methods: The chloroplast genome fragment for the algae endosymbiont of Baikal sponge was assembled from metagenomic sequencing data. The distributions of polymorphic sites were obtained for the genome fragment, separately for samples from healthy sponge, diseased sponge and dead sponge tissues. Results: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genome sequences suggests that the symbiotic algae from Baikal sponge is close to Choricystis genus of unicellular algae. Also, the distributions of polymorphic sites allowed detection of the signs of extensive mutations in the chloroplasts isolated from the diseased sponge tissues. Conclusions: The study demonstrate the particular case of evolution at the molecular level due to the conditions of a severe crisis of a whole ecosystem in Lake Baikal. The detection of adaptive mutations in the chloroplast genome is an important feature which could represent the behavior of an ecosystem in the event of a severe crisis.
THE LAW OF WORDS: STANDING, ENVIRONMENT, AND OTHER CONTESTED TERMS
Authors: Cassuto David Nathan 
Published: September 2018

Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services (TOC), Inc., 528 U.S. 167 (2000), exposes fundamental incoherencies within environmental standing doctrine, even while it ostensibly makes standing easier to prove for plaintiffs in environmental citizen suits. According to Laidlaw, an environmental plaintiff needs only to show personal injury to satisfy Article ill’s standing requirement; she need not show that the alleged statutory violation actually harms the environment. This Article argues that Laidlaw’s distinbtion between injury to the plaintiff and harm to the environment is nonsensical. Both the majority and dissent in Laidlaw incorrectly assume that there exists an objective standard by which a plaintiff, society or a court can measure harm or injury. Using examples drawn both from history (the 7) aiI Smelter. Arbitration (1930-41)) and fiction (Barbara Klngsolver’s novel Animal Dreams), this Article illustrates that the inherent contingency of language renders it impossible to define harm or injury without acknowledging the systemic perspective from which the concepts are viewed. The path to an intelligible standing doctrine lies not in focusing on this artificial opposition, but instead in acknowledging statutory violations as injurious to the social and legal system of which we all form a part. Assuming the violated statute contains a citizen suit provision, the resulting harm to the system could and should enable individuals to sue. This policy would conform the Court’s standing jurisprudence to the language and intent of the statutes before Ii. Moreover, this policy would counter the undermining of the rhetoric of environmental protection that persists so long as the Supreme Court continues its frequent yet unsucceesfid efforts to retool its definition of cognizable legal injury.
JUSTIÇA E CONSENSO: PROTAGONISMO E CIDADANIA NA PERSPECTIVA CULTURAL DO DIÁLOGO
Authors: Dos Santos Karinne Emanoela Goettems 
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo é fruto de um constante questionamento acercada concretização do acesso à justiça por meio do consenso. Para além das teorias de premissa maior e premissa menor e da separação entre fato de direito, este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre acesso à justiça e à cidadania, sobre jurisdição e sociedade, sobre rituais adversariais e consensuais. Para tanto, busca ilustrar o cenário da litigiosidade e, a partir dela, justificar a importância de rituais que, com base no consenso, valorizam a comunicação entre os conflitantes, transformando as relações sociais. Além disso, o estudo avança para a análise do consenso proposto pelo novo Código de Processo Civil e Lei de Mediação, destacando a participação e o protagonismo do cidadão neste processo de superação dos meios adversariais como fator de distinção para o exercício efetivo do acesso à justiça, defendendo sobretudo a riqueza do diálogo como ferramenta de emancipação e cidadania.
ORIGINALISMO E NÃO ORIGINALISMO E O DEBATE CONSTITUCIONAL NORTEAMERICANO
Authors: Da Silva Alexandre Garrido , Bueno Roberto 
Published: September 2018

Constituições, nas democracias, são caracterizadas pela abertura e pela generalidade textual. O Poder Constituinte Originário não é capaz de prever todas as minúcias ocorrentes na sociedade. Por isso cabe ao Poder judiciário a aplicação das normas diante do caso concreto. Essa arquitetura revela um problema: como o juiz deve interpretar as normas da Constituição? Recorrer à tentativa de resgatar a intenção dos legisladores originários ou considerar os valores e as compreensões atuais? Esse é o debate que gravita ao redor da disputa entre originalismo e não originalismo. O texto propõe fomentar o debate proposto por estas tradições, especialmente o problema da incompletude das Constituições e as vias de resposta judicial aos problemas concretos. Destacam-se também os limites da liberdade de criação judicial e as restrições em sua tarefa de aplicação do direito em um Estado democrático de direito. Os referenciais teóricos mobilizados à análise foram os de John Hart Ely e Antonin Scalia.
Omentin-1 and NAMPT serum concentrations are higher and CK-18 levels are lower in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes when compared to healthy age, sex and BMI matched controls
Authors: Nurten Esra , Vogel Mandy , Michael Kapellen Thomas , Richter Sandy , Garten Antje , Penke Melanie , Schuster Susanne , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland , Kratzsch Jürgen 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Adipokines were shown to affect glucose homeostasis and β-cell function in patients with pancreatic dysfunction which is associated with changes in the adipose tissue secretory profile. However, information about adipokines associated with β-cell dysfunction is lacking in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.

Methods
(1) We compared serum concentrations of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), omentin-1 and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 fragment M30 (CK-18) in pediatric type 1 diabetes patients (n=245) and healthy age, sex and body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) matched controls (n=243). (2) We investigated the influence of insulin treatment on serum concentrations of NAMPT, omentin-1 and CK-18 in groups of patients with type 1 diabetes stratified according to the duration of their disease: at onset (n=50), ≥6 months and <5 years (n=185), ≥5 and <10 years (n=98), and ≥10 years (n=52).

Results
Patients at onset compared with healthy controls demonstrated no significant differences in NAMPT levels (p=0.129), whereas omentin-1 levels were elevated (p<0.001) and CK-18 levels were lowered (p=0.034). In contrast, NAMPT and omentin-1 were elevated and CK-18 serum levels were lower in longstanding patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). NAMPT serum levels did not change significantly during the duration of type 1 diabetes (p=0.546). At onset, omentin-1 and CK-18 levels were higher than in any group of longstanding type 1 diabetes (p<0.025).

Conclusions
Altered serum levels of NAMPT, omentin-1 and CK-18 in pediatric type 1 diabetes patients indicate metabolic changes caused by adipose tissue dysregulation which do not normalize during insulin therapy.