bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will Fire Danger Be Reduced by Using Solar Radiation Management to Limit Global Warming to 1.5 °C Compared to 2.0 °C?
Authors: Burton C. , Betts R. A. , Jones C. D. , Williams K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe commitment to limit warming to 1.5 °C as set out in the Paris Agreement is widely regarded as ambitious and challenging. It has been proposed that reaching this target may require a number of actions, which could include some form of carbon removal or Solar Radiation Management in addition to strong emission reductions. Here we assess one theoretical solution using Solar Radiation Management to limit global mean warming to 1.5 °C above preindustrial temperatures and use the McArthur fire danger index to evaluate the change in fire danger. The results show that globally fire danger is reduced in most areas when temperatures are limited to 1.5 °C compared to 2.0 °C. The number of days where fire danger is “high” or above is reduced by up to 30 days/year on average, although there are regional variations. In certain regions, fire danger is increased, experiencing 31 more days above “high” fire danger.
Poly(GP), neurofilament and grey matter deficits in C9orf72 expansion carriers
Authors: Meeter Lieke H.H. , Gendron Tania F. , Sias Ana C. , Jiskoot Lize C. , Russo Silvia P. , Donker Kaat Laura , Papma Janne M. , Panman Jessica L. , van der Ende Emma L. , Dopper Elise G. , Franzen Sanne , Graff Caroline , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howard J. , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Galimberti Daniela , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Benussi Luisa , Ghidoni Roberta , Borroni Barbara , Laforce Robert , del Campo Marta , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van Minkelen Rick , Rojas Julio C. , Coppola Giovanni , Geschwind Dan H. , Rademakers Rosa , Karydas Anna M. , Öijerstedt Linn , Scarpini Elio , Binetti Giuliano , Padovani Alessandro , Cash David M. , Dick Katrina M. , Bocchetta Martina , Miller Bruce L. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Petrucelli Leonard , van Swieten John C. , Lee Suzee E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate poly(GP), a dipeptide repeat protein, and neurofilament light chain (NfL) as biomarkers in presymptomatic C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers and patients with C9orf72‐associated frontotemporal dementia. Additionally, to investigate the relationship of poly(GP) with indicators of neurodegeneration as measured by NfL and grey matter volume.MethodsWe measured poly(GP) and NfL levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 25 presymptomatic C9orf72 expansion carriers, 64 symptomatic expansion carriers with dementia, and 12 noncarriers. We explored associations with grey matter volumes using region of interest and voxel‐wise analyses.ResultsPoly(GP) was present in C9orf72 expansion carriers and absent in noncarriers (specificity 100%, sensitivity 97%). Presymptomatic carriers had lower poly(GP) levels than symptomatic carriers. NfL levels were higher in symptomatic carriers than in presymptomatic carriers and healthy noncarriers. NfL was highest in patients with concomitant motor neuron disease, and correlated with disease severity and survival. Associations between poly(GP) levels and small grey matter regions emerged but did not survive multiple comparison correction, while higher NfL levels were associated with atrophy in frontotemporoparietal cortices and the thalamus.InterpretationThis study of C9orf72 expansion carriers reveals that: (1) poly(GP) levels discriminate presymptomatic and symptomatic expansion carriers from noncarriers, but are not associated with indicators of neurodegeneration; and (2) NfL levels are associated with grey matter atrophy, disease severity, and shorter survival. Together, poly(GP) and NfL show promise as complementary biomarkers for clinical trials for C9orf72‐associated frontotemporal dementia, with poly(GP) as a potential marker for target engagement and NfL as a marker of disease activity and progression.
Hybrid online learning control in networked multiagent systems: A survey
Authors: Poveda Jorge I. , Benosman Mouhacine , Teel Andrew R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis survey paper studies deterministic control systems that integrate three of the most active research areas during the last years: (1) online learning control systems, (2) distributed control of networked multiagent systems, and (3) hybrid dynamical systems (HDSs). The interest for these types of systems has been motivated mainly by two reasons: First, the development of cheap massive computational power and advanced communication technologies, which allows to carry out large computations in complex networked systems, and second, the recent development of a comprehensive theory for HDSs that allows to integrate continuous‐time dynamical systems and discrete‐time dynamical systems in a unified manner, thus providing a unifying modeling language for complex learning‐based control systems. In this paper, we aim to give a comprehensive survey of the current state of the art in the area of online learning control in multiagent systems, presenting an overview of the different types of problems that can be addressed, as well as the most representative control architectures found in the literature. These control architectures are modeled as HDSs, which include as special subsets continuous‐time dynamical systems and discrete‐time dynamical systems. We highlight the different advantages and limitations of the existing results as well as some interesting potential future directions and open problems.
2D/2D Heterojunction of Ultrathin MXene/Bi2WO6 Nanosheets for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Cao Shaowen , Shen Baojia , Tong Tong , Fu Junwei , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExploring cheap and efficient cocatalysts for enhancing the performance of photocatalysts is a challenge in the energy conversion field. Herein, 2D ultrathin Ti3C2 nanosheets, a kind of MXenes, are prepared by etching Ti3AlC2 with subsequent ultrasonic exfoliation. A novel 2D/2D heterojunction of ultrathin Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 nanosheets is then successfully prepared by in situ growth of Bi2WO6 ultrathin nanosheets on the surface of these Ti3C2 ultrathin nanosheets. The resultant Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 hybrids exhibit a short charge transport distance and a large interface contact area, assuring excellent bulk‐to‐surface and interfacial charge transfer abilities. Meanwhile, the improved specific surface area and pore structure endow Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 hybrids with an enhanced CO2 adsorption capability. As a result, the 2D/2D heterojunction of ultrathin Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 nanosheets shows significant improvement on the performance of photocatalytic CO2 reduction under simulated solar irradiation. The total yield of CH4 and CH3OH obtained on the optimized Ti3C2/Bi2WO6 hybrid is 4.6 times that obtained on pristine Bi2WO6 ultrathin nanosheets. This work provides a new protocol for constructing 2D/2D photocatalytic systems and demonstrates Ti3C2 as a promising and cheap cocatalyst.
Field Emission of Electrons Powered by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zi Yunlong , Wu Changsheng , Ding Wenbo , Wang Xingfu , Dai Yejing , Cheng Jia , Wang Jiyu , Wang Zhengjun , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractField emission of electrons usually requires high voltage (HV) of at least 100 V, which limits its applications due to the high cost, instability, portability issues, etc., of the HV instrument. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been developed to provide an HV of at least several kV for portable/mobile instrument, with controllability already demonstrated. Here, the field emission of electrons driven by TENG, namely, tribo‐field emission, is presented for the first time. The emission voltage and the charge transfer per cycle can be tuned and controlled by TENG. The current peak generated from TENG with limited charge transfer is demonstrated to be more favorable than the direct current HV source in terms of emitter protection. A unidirectional continuous emission current is achieved through the tribo‐field emission. A cathode‐ray tube can be powered by TENG, with hours of illumination demonstrated through only one sliding motion. Such approach can provide a potential solution for controllable, stable, and portable field‐emission devices without any additional external power sources.
Auxetic Cardiac Patches with Tunable Mechanical and Conductive Properties toward Treating Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kapnisi Michaella , Mansfield Catherine , Marijon Camille , Guex Anne Geraldine , Perbellini Filippo , Bardi Ifigeneia , Humphrey Eleanor J. , Puetzer Jennifer L. , Mawad Damia , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes C. , Stuckey Daniel J. , Terracciano Cesare M. , Harding Sian E. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn auxetic conductive cardiac patch (AuxCP) for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) is introduced. The auxetic design gives the patch a negative Poisson's ratio, providing it with the ability to conform to the demanding mechanics of the heart. The conductivity allows the patch to interface with electroresponsive tissues such as the heart. Excimer laser microablation is used to micropattern a re‐entrant honeycomb (bow‐tie) design into a chitosan‐polyaniline composite. It is shown that the bow‐tie design can produce patches with a wide range in mechanical strength and anisotropy, which can be tuned to match native heart tissue. Further, the auxetic patches are conductive and cytocompatible with murine neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro. Ex vivo studies demonstrate that the auxetic patches have no detrimental effect on the electrophysiology of both healthy and MI rat hearts and conform better to native heart movements than unpatterned patches of the same material. Finally, the AuxCP applied in a rat MI model results in no detrimental effect on cardiac function and negligible fibrotic response after two weeks in vivo. This approach represents a versatile and robust platform for cardiac biomaterial design and could therefore lead to a promising treatment for MI.
Glycera‐Inspired Synergistic Interfacial Interactions for Constructing Ultrastrong Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Cheng Yiren , Peng Jingsong , Xu Hanjie , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe interest in bioinspired graphene‐based nanocomposites (BGBNs) is rising recently due to their exceptional mechanical properties as well as high electrical conductivities. Numerous works have suggested that the synergistic interfacial design of ionic bonding (IB) co‐working with other interfacial interactions effectively improves the mechanical properties of BGBNs. However, as the ions are conventionally chelated with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, the relatively weak and short interlayered IB may hinder the load transfer between GO nanosheets leading to poor synergistic effects. Herein, inspired by the jaw of Glycera, the synergistic effect is further amplified via special IB, which stiffens the organic component. Compared with the traditional IB, the metal–ligand coordinate bonding by copper ions that is used in this work and originates from Glycera, selectively cross‐links the chitosan chains. This Glycera‐inspired synergistic effect strategy boosts record tensile strength to an extraordinary value of 868.6 MPa, five times higher than that of the pure reduced graphene oxide film. The additional high electrical conductivity enables applications in many fields such as flexible energy devices, supercapacitors, and other electronic devices.
Photopolymerized Triazole‐Based Glassy Polymer Networks with Superior Tensile Toughness
Authors: Song Han Byul , Baranek Austin , Worrell Brady T. , Cook Wayne D. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhotopolymerization is a ubiquitous, indispensable technique widely applied in applications from coatings, inks, and adhesives to thermosetting restorative materials for medical implants, and the fabrication of complex macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale 3D architectures via additive manufacturing. However, due to the brittleness inherent in the dominant acrylate‐based photopolymerized networks, a significant need exists for higher performance resin/oligomer formulations to create tough, defect‐free, mechanically ductile, thermally and chemically resistant, high modulus network polymers with rapid photocuring kinetics. This study presents densely cross‐linked triazole‐based glassy photopolymers capable of achieving preeminent toughness of ≈70 MJ m−3 and 200% strain at ambient temperature, comparable to conventional tough thermoplastics. Formed either via photoinitiated copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition of monomers containing azide and alkyne groups (CuAAC) or via photoinitiated thiol‐ene reactions from monomers containing triazole rings, these triazole‐containing thermosets completely recover their original dimensions and mechanical behavior after repeated deformations of 50% strain in the glassy state over multiple thermal recovery–strain cycles.
Configurable Integration of On‐Chip Quantum Dot Lasers and Subwavelength Plasmonic Waveguides
Authors: Rong Kexiu , Gan Fengyuan , Shi Kebin , Chu Saisai , Chen Jianjun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe integration of on‐chip dielectric lasers and subwavelength plasmonic waveguides has attracted enormous attention because of the combination of both the advantages of the high performances of the small dielectric lasers and the subwavelength plasmonic waveguides. However, the configurable integration is still a challenge owing to the complexity of the hybrid structures and the damageability of the gain media in the multistep micro/nanofabrications. By employing the dark‐field optical imaging technique with a position uncertainty of about 21 nm and combining the high‐resolution electron beam lithography, the small colloidal quantum dot (CQD) lasers without any damages are accurately aligned with the silver nanowires. As a result, the integration of the CQD lasers and the silver nanowires can be flexibly configured on chips. In the experiment, the tangential coupling, radial coupling, and complex coupling between the high‐performance CQD lasers and the subwavelength silver nanowires are demonstrated. Because of the subwavelength field confinements of the silver nanowires, the deep‐subwavelength coherent sources (multimode, one‐color single‐mode, or two‐color single‐mode) with a mode area of only 0.008λ2 are output from these hybrid structures. This configurable on‐chip integration with high flexibility and controllability will greatly facilitate the developments of the complex functional hybrid photonic–plasmonic circuits.
Melt Electrospinning Writing of Highly Ordered Large Volume Scaffold Architectures
Authors: Wunner Felix M. , Wille Marie‐Luise , Noonan Thomas G. , Bas Onur , Dalton Paul D. , De‐Juan‐Pardo Elena M. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe additive manufacturing of highly ordered, micrometer‐scale scaffolds is at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research. The fabrication of scaffolds for the regeneration of larger tissue volumes, in particular, remains a major challenge. A technology at the convergence of additive manufacturing and electrospinning–melt electrospinning writing (MEW)–is also limited in thickness/volume due to the accumulation of excess charge from the deposited material repelling and hence, distorting scaffold architectures. The underlying physical principles are studied that constrain MEW of thick, large volume scaffolds. Through computational modeling, numerical values variable working distances are established respectively, which maintain the electrostatic force at a constant level during the printing process. Based on the computational simulations, three voltage profiles are applied to determine the maximum height (exceeding 7 mm) of a highly ordered large volume scaffold. These thick MEW scaffolds have fully interconnected pores and allow cells to migrate and proliferate. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study to report that z‐axis adjustment and increasing the voltage during the MEW process allows for the fabrication of high‐volume scaffolds with uniform morphologies and fiber diameters.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Hyperbolic Metacavity Laser
Authors: Shen Kun‐Ching , Ku Chen‐Ta , Hsieh Chiieh , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Cheng Yuh‐Jen , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGiven the high demand for miniaturized optoelectronic circuits, plasmonic devices with the capability of generating coherent radiation at deep subwavelength scales have attracted great interest for diverse applications such as nanoantennas, single photon sources, and nanosensors. However, the design of such lasing devices remains a challenging issue because of the long structure requirements for producing strong radiation feedback. Here, a plasmonic laser made by using a nanoscale hyperbolic metamaterial cube, called hyperbolic metacavity, on a multiple quantum‐well (MQW), deep‐ultraviolet emitter is presented. The specifically designed metacavity merges plasmon resonant modes within the cube and provides a unique resonant radiation feedback to the MQW. This unique plasmon field allows the dipoles of the MQW with various orientations into radiative emission, achieving enhancement of spontaneous emission rate by a factor of 33 and of quantum efficiency by a factor of 2.5, which is beneficial for coherent laser action. The hyperbolic metacavity laser shows a clear clamping of spontaneous emission above the threshold, which demonstrates a near complete radiation coupling of the MQW with the metacavity. This approach shown here can greatly simplify the requirements of plasmonic nanolaser with a long plasmonic structure, and the metacavity effect can be extended to many other material systems.
Materials and Techniques for Implantable Nutrient Sensing Using Flexible Sensors Integrated with Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ling Wei , Liew Guoguang , Li Ya , Hao Yafeng , Pan Huizhuo , Wang Hanjie , Ning Baoan , Xu Hang , Huang Xian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe combination of novel materials with flexible electronic technology may yield new concepts of flexible electronic devices that effectively detect various biological chemicals to facilitate understanding of biological processes and conduct health monitoring. This paper demonstrates single‐ or multichannel implantable flexible sensors that are surface modified with conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) such as copper‐MOF and cobalt‐MOF with large surface area, high porosity, and tunable catalysis capability. The sensors can monitor important nutriments such as ascorbicacid, glycine, l‐tryptophan (l‐Trp), and glucose with detection resolutions of 14.97, 0.71, 4.14, and 54.60 × 10−6 m, respectively. In addition, they offer sensing capability even under extreme deformation and complex surrounding environment with continuous monitoring capability for 20 d due to minimized use of biological active chemicals. Experiments using live cells and animals indicate that the MOF‐modified sensors are biologically safe to cells, and can detect l‐Trp in blood and interstitial fluid. This work represents the first effort in integrating MOFs with flexible sensors to achieve highly specific and sensitive implantable electrochemical detection and may inspire appearance of more flexible electronic devices with enhanced capability in sensing, energy storage, and catalysis using various properties of MOFs.
Cholesteric Metronomes with Flexoelectrically Programmable Amplitude
Authors: Joshi Vinay , Chang Kai‐Han , Varanytsia Andrii , Paterson Daniel A. , Storey John M. D. , Imrie Corrie T. , Chien Liang‐Chy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReplicating natural phenomena using soft material actuators is a major challenge for material scientists. For example, a metronome is a device that produces an audible beat at a selected interval. In anisotropic soft materials, a flexoelectrically‐driven cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) can display a metronome‐like swinging effect when an applied electric field is normal to the helices of a CLC that are aligned normal to the substrates. The amplitude and direction of swing of a flexoelectrically‐driven CLC is electrically programmable. Combining a bimesogen and a CLC with an optimized helical pitch, the mixture enables a large flexoelastic ratio (e/K= 2.758 CN‐1m‐1) and swinging amplitude of 53°. Furthermore, assisted by polymer stabilization the composite mixture offers many benefits of electro‐optical characteristics including fast response time (425 µs) and high optical contrast (500:1) between the field‐on and field‐off states as well as wavelength‐independent transmittance. The advances in the flexoelectro‐optical behavior of cholesteric metronomes open new avenues for applications in information displays, sensors and photonic devices.
Integrating the Emitter and Host Characteristics of Donor–Acceptor Systems through Edge‐Spiro Effect Toward 100% Exciton Harvesting in Blue and White Fluorescence Diodes
Authors: Lv Xialei , Zhang Wenzhi , Ding Dongxue , Han Chunmiao , Huang Zhi , Xiang Songpo , Zhang Qing , Xu Hui , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, by utilizing edge‐spiro effect to modulate intramolecular charge transfer and intermolecular interactions, emitter and host characteristic are integrated in simple donor–acceptor systems named SFInxTz. As emitter, SFI34pTz realizes true‐blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) diodes with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.3% and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.20). As host, it can endow the yellow devices with the maximum EQE about 18%. When SFI34pTz serves as both blue emitter and yellow host material in pure fluorescence white device, the maximum efficiencies are as high as 22.9% for EQE and 52.4 lm W−1 for power efficiency, and stable electroluminescence spectra are successfully realized with CIE coordinates of (0.32 ± 0.01, 0.42 ± 0.02). Above all, SFI34pTz manifests the effectiveness of the edge‐spiro strategy in developing host‐featured blue TADF dyes for high‐performance blue devices and white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs). More importantly, a novel blue–orange–blue sandwich device structure consisting of all‐TADF materials for high‐efficiency pure fluorescence WOLEDs is proposed.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Benzoylacetonitriles with Diazo Compounds Leading to Substituted Naphtho[1,8‐bc]pyrans by Sequential C−H Functionalization
Authors: Yan Kelu , Li Bin , Wang Baiquan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe cascade annulation reactions of benzoylacetonitriles with diazo compounds proceed efficiently in the presence of an iridium catalyst to give substituted naphtho[1,8‐bc]pyrans by sequential cleavage of C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H and C(sp2)−H/O−H bonds. Interestingly, the reactions involving cyclic diazo compounds and open‐chain diazo compounds lead to different types of naphtho[1,8‐bc]pyrans. Most products are obtained in moderate to good yields with a broad range of substrates.magnified image