bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Review of Fluid-Particle-Size Predictive Models for Pipe Flow
Authors: Vasquez C.. , Pereyra E.. , Sambath K.. 
Published: July 2019

Summary
In this study we present a review of fluid–particle–size prediction models and a comprehensive database acquired from the open literature. The study is restricted to bubbles and droplets that are also called fluid particles. The data have been classified by flow regimes—namely, bubble, annular, liquid/liquid, and liquid/liquid through a restriction. Only studies in which the particle–size distribution is presented were considered. These distributions were used to calculate the experimental maximum, minimum, and Sauter mean diameters. A lack of experimental data for high–pressure and low–surface–tension systems has been identified. We use the database to evaluate the reviewed models and present the results. On the basis of the comparisons, we recommend models for particle–size predictions for the considered flow regimes.
Unblocking the barriers of access to direct-acting antiviral-based hepatitis C treatment in China: lessons learnt from Tianjin city
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , Guo Ran , Lian Jun , Zhi Mengjia , Lu Chengzhen , Wu Weishen , Wang Lihong , Chan Polin , Chen Zhongdan , SUN Jing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

China has a substantial burden of chronic viral hepatitis. This study examines the evolution of approaches to navigate the barriers to access to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) based treatment for hepatitis C in Tianjin city, China.

Methods

Review of publically available literatures including published and grey literatures. On-site data extraction and key informant interview were conducted.

Results

Tianjin is the first area to pilot a capitated provider payment program for treatment of hepatitis C. Through which, the retirees, employees and residents spend 0.7, 1.0 and 5.6-6.8 months of their salary and disposable income for the treatment respectively. The Patient Assistance Program (PAP) eligible patients in financial hardship pay nothing for DAA, but have to pay insurance the expenditures of diagnosis and tests, and medications for adverse reactions with limited reimbursement. The PAP-eligible low-income patients who need treatment longer than 3 months have to co-pay with insurance the advance 3-month treatment before obtaining free DAA for continued treatment. By the end of March 2019, 876 hepatitis C patients registered the new insurance coverage and were treated in Tianjin, among which 153 were cured, 723 were under treatment and follow-up.

Conclusions

A government-led multi-party cooperation has enabled Tianjin to start unblocking the barriers. International experiences demonstrated that centralized bulk procurement is a good leverage for price negotiation, especially when innovative payment approaches are used to remove price as a barrier to access. To re-produce the above success, continued efforts are needed to develop stronger strategic price negotiation, preferably at the regional level or central level.
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV prevalence and related risk practices among key populations in South Africa: findings from a seven-city cross-sectional survey
Authors: Scheibe Andrew , Young Katherine , Versfeld Anna , Spearman C Wendy , Sonderup Mark , Sing Nishi Prabdial , Puren Adrian , Hausler Harry 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: People who use drugs including people who inject drugs (PWUD/ID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for HIV and viral hepatitis infection. Limited data exists on the epidemiology of these infections among these key population groups (KPs) in South Africa. We aimed to describe the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV and related risk factors among these KPs to inform effective responses.

Methods: We aimed to recruit 3 500 KPs across Cape Town (SWs, MSM, PWUD/ID), Durban (SWs, PWUD/ID), Pietermaritzburg (SWs), Mthatha (SWs), Port Elizabeth (SWs), Johannesburg (MSM) and Pretoria (MSM and PWUD/ID) for participation in a cross-sectional survey. We used an interviewer administered questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual risk practices. We tested for HCV (antibody, viral load and genotype), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV antibody. We used descriptive statistics to explore data, which was stratified by KP.

Results: Among the 3 439 included in the study (1 528 SWs, 746 MSM, 1 165 PWUD/ID) the median age was 29 years, most participants were black African (60%), and 24% reported homelessness. 82% reported substance use in the last month, including alcohol (46%) and heroin (33%). 75% were sexually active in the previous month, with condom use at last sex at 74%. HIV prevalence was 37% (highest among SWs at 47%), HBsAg prevalence 4% (similar across KPs) and HCV prevalence of 16% (highest among PWUD/ID at 46%).

Conclusions: HCV, HBV and HIV are major health threats for KPs in South Africa. While HIV is an important condition for all included KPs, HCV is of particular importance to PWUD/ID. For KPs, HBV vaccination and behaviour change interventions that support consistent condom and lubricant access and use are needed. Coverage of opioid substitution therapy and needle and syringe services and access to HCV treatment for PWUD/ID need to be expanded.
Piperacillin-tazobactam should be preferred to third-generation cephalosporins to treat wild-type inducible AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in critically ill patients with hospital or ventilator-acquired pneumonia. A propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Carrié Cédric , Bardonneau Guillaume , Petit Laurent , Ouattara Alexandre , Gruson Didier , Pereira Bruno , Biais Matthieu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to compare the rate of therapeutic failure and emergence of resistance in critically ill patients treated by third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) or piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) for wild-type AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae pulmonary infections.

METHODS

In a multicenter retrospective cohort study over a 4-year period, all patients treated for a pulmonary infection related to wild-type AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae who received documented antibiotic therapy with 3GCs or PTZ after less than 48 hours of empirical antibiotic therapy were eligible. The main outcome was the rate of therapeutic failure, defined by an impaired clinical response under treatment and/or a relapse of pulmonary infection related to the same pathogen. The secondary outcome was a secondary acquisition of derepressed cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

RESULTS

Over the study period, 244 patients were included; 56 (23%) experienced therapeutic failure and 19 (8%) experienced secondary acquisition of resistance. In the non-adjusted cohort, the rate of therapeutic failure and emergence of resistance were significantly higher in the 3GCs group (32 vs. 18%, p = 0.011 and 13 vs. 5%, p = 0.035, respectively). In the propensity score-matched population, the 3GCs group was associated with higher rates of therapeutic failure (HR = 1.61 [1.27 – 2.07]). The secondary de-escalation to 3GCs after 48h of PTZ as a first-line antibiotic therapy was not associated with increased rate of emergence of resistance.

CONCLUSION

Our study confirms that third-generation cephalosporins should be avoided as first-line antibiotic therapy in wild-type AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae pulmonary infections.
Analysis of different levels of viral suppression in HIV-1 patients after antiviral treatment
Authors: DING LISHA , CHEN XI 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Though highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought the tremendous benefits to the HIV patients, there are still some patients with low HIV replication after treatment. This study investigated the influencing factors of different levels of viral suppression in HIV-infected patients in Central China.

Methods

A total of 4424 HIV-infected patients treated in 2016 from Hunan Province were enrolled and divided into 5 groups according to the level of virus replication, characteristics and clinic indicators were analyzed.

Results

There were 3871 cases (87.5%) who maintained the viral loads under 200 copies/mL after treatment, 261 cases (5.9%) with repeated test results, 57 cases (1.3%) had sustained low-level replication of virus, and 235 cases (5.3%) had long-term high-level replication of virus. Not surprisingly, the trend of CD4 cell counts growth were correlated with the trend of viral loads declination. Age, transmission mode, CD4 cell counts baseline, the interval between test and treat and the final statues between 5 groups were significant differences (P <0.05). Compared with low-level replication group, patients with clinical phase I were more likely be in complete supression group than those with clinical phase IV; Patients transmitted by hetero sex were more likely to be with repeated viral loads than those transmitted by blood transfusion or contaminated blood products or mother-to-child. If we define viral loads always less than 200 copies/mL as the criterion for positive treatment, CD4 cell counts baseline under 500 n/µL and co-infected with HBV were independent risk factors for high HIV-1 replication, but young and test & treat were independent protective factors for viral suppression.

Conclusions

Early treatment is more effective in inhibiting viral replication, but screening for incomplete viral supression patients should be a routine practice in the management and control of HIV infection.
Reseña libro Morlans i Molina
Authors: Rosas Jiménez Carlos Alberto 
Published: July 2019

Revelación y religiones es el título del libro editado por Xavier Morlans i Molina, publicado en el 2016 por la
editorial Herder. De manera sencilla y sin recargar los capítulos de información sobre las religiones tratadas,
los autores se abocan a la misión de buscar analogías y diferencias de la idea de revelación en dichas tradiciones.
El orden que tiene el libro es cronológico, es decir, según la aparición histórica de cada tradición religiosa
Centros de Internação e Sujeição Criminal: As Percepções dos/as Agentes do Sistema Socioeducativo de Goiânia
Authors: Santibanez Dione Antonio de Carvalho de Souza , De Oliveira Dijaci David , Silva Guilherme Borges 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa com agentesresponsáveis pelas medidas restritivas de liberdade em centros deinternação do socioeducativo de Goiânia. Trata-se de uma análise sobreas percepções desses profissionais a respeito da experiência deseu trabalho, da relação que estabelecem com os/as adolescentes, dasexplicações que elaboram sobre os motivos de os/as internos/as seenvolverem em atos infracionais, além da representação que fazem dalegislação sobre crianças e adolescentes. Por meio de uma abordagemqualitativa, considerou-se um conjunto de entrevistas com esses profissionais como fonte de dados para a análise. Foram utilizadas também,apenas contextualmente, informações quantitativas que descrevemo quadro geral do sistema socioeducativo. Com base nesse contexto,observou-se o modo como esses/as agentes constroem narrativas quedão sentido às suas ações e, por meio delas, elaboram categorias queos diferenciam dos mais jovens enquanto rotulam estes adolescentes.Resultou desse esforço analítico a compreensão de que o meio fechadoreproduz o problema da sujeição criminal.Palavras-chave: Sujeição Criminal. Adolescentes. Sistema Socioeducativo.
Tools of the Trade: How Do You Perform and Interpret an Exercise Test?
Authors: Rischard Franz P. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Most pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) is poorly modifiable and incurable even with effective therapy. Therefore, adaptation to stress, the reserve of the cardiopulmonary system, is important for assessment of patient function and prognosis. Methods that assess the adaptation to stress, especially exercise, provide valuable insight into diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy.Implications for Clinicians: We provide a comprehensive review of the indications, methodology, and interpretation, as well as practical information of the forms of provocative testing in PVD. We include 6-minute walk testing, noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), invasive CPET, and additional forms, including volume loading.Conclusions: Through a clear understanding of the methodology in the assessment of PVD, the clinician can determine which of these “tools of the trade” are best suited to the individual patient and situation.
Identifikasi Logam Berat dalam Biji Jagung Manis dan Kedelai pada Transisi Sistem Pertanian Organik
Authors: Priyadi Sapto , - Soelistijono , Harieni Setie , Prasetyowati Kusriani 
Published: July 2019

Heavy metals contaminants in land agriculture are environmental problems and to reduce the food safety, so that too needed for the research of Pb, Cd and Cu decrease absorption by plants using organic chelating agent i.e. substance of humus (humic and fulvic acid) in there manure. The research was done with completely block design, in Gagaksipat, Ngemplak, Boyolali; heavy metal analysis in manure, land and seeds use atomic absorption spectrophotometer-flame (AAS Jena Contr AA 300 German). It was aimed to identify contaminants of Pb, Cd, and Cu in sweet corn and soybean seeds. The research treatment were doses of cow manure: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 kg per hectare. The results showed that's enrichment coefficient (EC) Pb and Cu in sweet corn seeds had low accumulator plants categories, whereas the EC plumbum soybean seeds had low accumulator plants categories, whereas the EC copper soybean seeds had moderately accumulator plants categories, and EC cadmium in the sweet corn and soybeans seeds were undetectable. Exposure of Pb and Cd in corn sweet and soybean seeds were undetectable, while of Cu in sweet corn and soybean seeds 2.03 and 12.39 ppm respectively. Contaminant of Pb, Cd and Cu exposure in land sweet corn post-harvested were 30.99; undetectable and 60.58 ppm respectively. While Pb, Cd and Cu exposure in land soybean post harvested were 33.24; undetectable and 56.26 ppm respectively.
Desain sensor suhu dan kelengasan tanah untuk sistem kendali budidaya tanaman cabai (Capsicum Annuum L.)
Authors: Telaumbanua Mareli 
Published: July 2019

Di daerah tropis, pertumbuhan tanaman cabai dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor iklim seperti suhu, nutrisi, dan cahaya. Suhu, unsur hara, dan kelengasan tanah yang tidak sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, mampu menyebabkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan tanaman. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh terganggunya produksi enzim dan pembentukan hormon untuk membantu pembentukan jaringan tanaman. Terganggunya pertumbuhan tanaman cabai, ditunjukkan melalui rendahnya pertumbuhan luas permukaan daun dan tinggi tanaman, saat dibandingkan tanaman yang berada pada suhu ideal. Untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang maksimal, dibutuhkan sistem kontrol yang mampu mengendalikan suhu, kelengasan tanah, dan hama saat tanaman cabai dibudidayakan. Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini adalah merancang suatu sistem pengendalian yang mampu mengendalikan iklim mikro, pemupukan dan pengendalian hama untuk pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Untuk itu, langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah perancangan sensor suhu lingkungan dan sensor kelengasan tanah. Mikrokontroler menghubungkan sensor dengan aktuator pompa air dan pompa irigasi melalui modul relay dan transistor TIP122. Keakuratan sensor suhu DHT 22 dan sensor kelengasan tanah dihitung berdasarkan pendekatan nilai koefisien determinasi dan total error masing-masing sensor. Kinerja aktuator dalam perancangan ini, meliputi kecepatan respon dan durasi waktu kerja. Uji kinerja dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali percobaan tanpa menggunakan tanaman cabai. Koefisien determinasi (R²) sensor suhu 1, sensor suhu 2 dan sensor suhu 3 berturut-turut adalah 0,999, 0,999, dan 0,999. Total error dari ketiga sensor tersebut berturut-turut adalah -0,071 ºC, -0,085 ºC, dan 0,014 ºC. Koefisien determinasi (R²) sensor kelengasan 1, sensor kelengasan 2, dan sensor kelengasan 3 adalah 0,888, 0,8401, dan 0,8963. Total rerata error untuk ketiga jenis sensor kelengasan ini adalah -0,2204 % , -0,0952 % dan -2,8049 %.
Entrevista a Eduardo Ledezma y al Dr. Benjamín Colamarco,* Comandantes de los Batallones de la Dignidad en Panamá (Agosto de 1989)
Authors: Vergara Rafael 
Published: July 2019

<p>¿Cuál es el origen del problema por el que atraviesa Panamá en este momento? El Stablishment norteamericano persigue un objetivo estratégico en Panamá, compuesto de cuatro puntos:<br />El primero es que se desconozca el contenido, la letra y el espítitu de los tratados Torrijas-Carter.</p><p>El segundo es que las bases militares que están en Panamá permanezcan aquí más allá del 31 de diciembre de 1999.</p><p>El tercero es que el Comando Sur permanezca en Panamá.</p><p>El cuarto, es la destorrijizadón del país.</p>
Analisis kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMP pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel
Authors: Oktoviani Vika , Widoyani Wiris Laras , Ferdianto Ferry 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa SMP pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV). Hal ini didasarikarena masih banyak siswa yang kurang memahami konsep SPLDV sehingga siswa merasa kesulitan dalam memecahkanmasalah matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes berupa soal uraian yang berjumlah 4 soal dan tiap soal mewakili masing – masing indikator kemampuan pemahaman matematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kemampuan pemahaman matematis pada indikator menyatakan ulang sebuah konsep, secara keseluruhan siswa dapat menjawab dengan benar sehingga mencapai tingkat pemahaman yang baik (2) Kemampuan pemahaman matematis pada indikatormengaplikasikan konsep atau algoritma terhadap penyelesaian masalah, siswa dapat membentuk model matematika, kemudian melakukan perhitungan, namun adakesalahan dimana siswa belum mampumenginterpretasikan masalah yang di berikan dengan tepat.
Kata kunci: kemampuan pemahaman matematis, siswa SMP, SPLDV.

Abstract
This study aims to describe the ability of mathematical understanding of junior high school students in the material system of two variable linear equations (SPLDV). This is based on the fact that there are still many students who do not understand the concept of SPLDV so students feel difficulties in solving mathematical problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were junior high school students. The data collection technique uses a test technique in the from of a description question which amounts to 4 questions and each questions represent each indicator of mathematical understanding. The result showed that (1) the ability of mathematical understanding on the indicator restated a concept, as a whole students could answer correctly so that they reached a good level of understanding (2) the ability of mathematical understanding of indicators applying concepts or algorithms to problem solving, students could form models mathematics, then do calculations, but there are errors where students have not been able to interpret the problem given correctly.
Keywords: ability of mathematical understanding, junior high school students, SPLDV
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Karangan Sederhana Melalui Alat Peraga Gambar Seri Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rusnah R 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan menulis karangan sederhana bagi siswa kelas III SDN 125/IX Kenali Kecil, Jaluko, Muara Jambi. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ternyata pengguna alat peraga gambar seri dalam pembelajaran menjadi suatu unsur yang paling berpengaruh dalam membantu mengoptimalkan keterampilan siswa dalam membuat karangan sederhana. Hasil tes formatif yang dicapai pada siklus I oleh 15 subyek penelitian mencapai tingkat keberhasilan 75% - 90%. Sedangkan 5 subjek ternyata masih mendapatkan hasil yang belum optimal (65%). Penerapan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada penggunaan alat peraga pada Siklus II ini sudah lebih baik dibanding tindakan I. Alat peraga yang digunakan yang ada di sekitar kelas. Pada tindakan perbaikan siklus II ini, tujuan pembelajaran sudah tercapai. Pada saat pelaksanaan perbaikan pembelajaran pada siklus kedua, siswa mengalami perubahan tingkah laku. Siswa penuh kosentrasi mengikuti pembelajaran. Banyak siswa yang mengajukan pertanyaan yang kadang-kadang tidak ada hubungannya dengan materi pelajaran, sehingga guru kelabakan menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut.
Pengaruh Waktu Aging pada Sintesis Zeolit Linde Type-A (LTA) dari Zeolit Alam Lampung (ZAL) dengan Metode Step Change Temperature of Hydrothermal
Authors: Ginting Simparmin Br. , Arya Perdana Guntur , Darmansyah Darmansyah , Agustina Iryani Dewi , Wardono Herry 
Published: July 2019

Zeolit Lynde Type-A (LTA) merupakan zeolit yang tergolong dalam kadar Si/Al rendah. Zeolit LTA memiliki berbagai kegunaan, antara lain sebagai adsorben, katalis, membran, penukar ion, maupun molecular sieve. Zeolit LTA sebagai molecular sieve memiliki kemampuan dehidrasi yang tinggi sehingga dapat digunakan untuk dehidrasi air pada campuran bioetanol-air agar diperoleh bioetanol yang sesuai dengan FGE (Fuel Grade Ethanol), yaitu kemurnian mencapai lebih besar dari 99%. Zeolit LTA dapat menyerap air di dalam bioetanol dikarenakan sifat Zeolit LTA yang hidrofilik. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh waktu aging agar diperoleh persen kristalinitas relative zeolit LTA yang tinggi. Variasi waktu aging pada penelitian ini adalah 0 jam, 15 jam, 30 jam, dan 45 jam. Tahapan sintesis zeolit dilakukan pada sebuah water bath secara hidrotermal dengan metode step change temperature, yaitu pada suhu 90oC selama 1,5 jam dan 95oC selama 2,5 jam. Hasil sintesis dianalisis menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transmission Infra Red), BET (Brunaur, Emmet And Teller), dan XRD (X-Ray Diffracton). Berdasarkan analisis FTIR, hasil sintesis mempunyai ciri khas Zeolit LTA yaitu double rings pada bilangan gelombang 550-600 cm-1, persen kristalinitas relatif tertinggi yang didapatkan dari hasil analisis XRD adalah sebesar 66,15%, hasil analisis SEM menunjukkan morfologi Zeolit LTA berbentuk kubus, dan berdasarkan analisis BET didapatkan isotherm adsorpsi tipe ketiga.