bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Barriers to Goals of Care Discussions With Patients With Advanced Cancer and Their Families in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Ethier Josee-Lyne , Paramsothy Thivaher , You John J. , Fowler Robert , Gandhi Sonal 
Published: April 2018

Background: Earlier goals of care (GOC) discussions in patients with advanced cancer are associated with less aggressive end-of-life care including decreased use of medical technologies. Unfortunately, conversations often occur late in the disease trajectory when patients are acutely unwell. Here, we evaluate practitioner perspectives of patient, family, physician, and external barriers to early GOC discussions in the ambulatory oncology setting. Methods: A previously published survey to assess barriers to GOC discussions among clinicians on inpatient medical wards was modified for the ambulatory oncology setting and distributed to oncologists from 12 centers in Ontario, Canada. Physicians were asked to rank the importance of various barriers to having GOC discussions (1 = extremely unimportant to 7 = extremely important). Results: Questionnaires were completed by 30 (24%) of 127 physicians. Respondents perceived patient- and family-related factors as the most important barriers to GOC discussions. Of these, patient difficulty accepting prognosis or desire for aggressive treatment were perceived as most important. Patients’ inflated expectation of treatment benefit was also considered an important barrier to discontinuing active cancer-directed therapy. While physician barriers were ranked lower than patient-related factors, clinicians’ self-identified difficulty estimating prognosis and uncertainty regarding treatment benefits were also considered important. Patient’s refusal for referral was the most highly rated barrier to early palliative care referral. Most respondents were nonetheless very or extremely willing to initiate (90%) or lead (87%) GOC discussions. Conclusion: Oncologists ranked patient- and family-related factors as the most important barriers to GOC discussions, while clinicians’ self-identified difficulty estimating prognosis and uncertainty regarding treatment benefits were also considered important. Further work is required to assess patient preferences and perceptions and develop targeted interventions.
Availability of Dutch General Practitioners for After-Hours Palliative Care
Authors: Plat Fredrik M. , Peters Yvonne A.S. , Giesen Paul , Smits Marleen 
Published: April 2018

Background: Continuity of care is important for palliative patients in their end of life. In the Netherlands, after-hours primary care for palliative patients is either provided by large-scale general practitioner (GP) cooperatives or GPs choose to give palliative care by themselves while they are not on duty. Aim: To examine the availability of, perceived problems by, and attitude of Dutch GPs regarding providing palliative care for their own patients outside office hours. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional observational study among 1772 GPs from 10 Dutch regions. Method: Online questionnaire among GPs affiliated with 10 GP cooperatives. Results: Five hundred twenty-four (29.6%) eligible questionnaires were returned. Of the GPs, 60.8% were personally available outside office hours for their own palliative patients on their own private cell phone and performed home visits if needed. In 33.0%, GPs were willing to make home visits in private time instigated by the GP cooperative and 26.8% were only accessible for telephone consultation by the GP cooperative. In 12.2%, the GP delegated after-hours palliative care completely to the GP cooperative. The GPs predominantly reported “time pressure” problems (17.3%) as a barrier and 61.7% stated that after-hours palliative care is the responsibility of the own GP. Conclusion: The large majority of Dutch GPs is personally available for telephone consultation and/or willing to provide palliative care for their own patients outside office hours. For the future, it is important to maintain the willingness of GPs to remain personally available for their palliative patients.
The History, Policy Implications, and Knowledge Gaps of the CCTV Literature: Insights for the Development of Body-Worn Video Camera Research
Authors: Piza Eric L. 
Published: April 2018

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) and body-worn video cameras (BWVCs) have rapidly spread throughout policing. Such widespread deployment has heightened the importance of identifying best practices for both of these technologies. The research community has worked toward the identification of such best practices, with bodies of knowledge emerging for both CCTV and BWVCs over recent decades. Given its earlier emergence, research on CCTV is more developed. Nonetheless, the BWVC literature is quickly becoming robust, with BWVC research developing at a much more rapid pace than research on most other police technologies. This essay reviews the CCTV and BWVC literatures across four main areas of inquiry: (1) program effect and common outcome measures, (2) contextual factors influencing program effect, (3) intervention costs, and (4) implementation issues. Specific attention is paid to knowledge gaps within the CCTV literature and how BWVC research can avoid (or, in certain cases, already has avoided) similar knowledge gaps.
Differences Between APOE Carriers and Non-APOE Carriers on Neurocognitive Tests: Jensen Effects?
Authors: Nijenhuis Jan te , Choi Kyu Yeong , Choi Yu Yong , Lee Jang Jae , Seo Eun Hyun , Kim Hoowon , Lee Kun Ho 
Published: April 2018

Background: Being a carrier of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a clear risk factor for development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). On some neurocognitive tests, there are smaller differences between carriers and noncarriers, while other tests show larger differences. Aims: We explore whether the size of the difference between carriers and noncarriers is a function of how well the tests measure general intelligence, so whether there are Jensen effects. Methods: We used the method of correlated vectors on 441 Korean older adults at risk for AD and 44 with AD. Results: Correlations between APOE carriership and test scores ranged from −.05 to .11 (normal), and −.23 to .54 (AD). The differences between carriers and noncarriers were Jensen effects: r = .31 and r = .54, respectively. Conclusion: A composite neurocognitive score may show a clearer contrast between APOE carriers and noncarriers than a large number of scores of single neurocognitive tests.
Measurement of motor-evoked potential resting threshold and amplitude of proximal and distal arm muscles in healthy adults. A reliability study
Authors: Tedesco Triccas Lisa , Hughes Ann-Marie , Burridge Jane H , Din Amy E , Warner Martin , Brown Simon , Desikan Mahalekeshmi , Rothwell John , Verheyden Geert 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Reliability of motor-evoked potential threshold and amplitude measurement of upper limb muscles is important when detecting changes in cortical excitability. The objective of this study was to investigate intra-rater, test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change of resting motor threshold and amplitude of a proximal and distal upper limb muscles, anterior deltoid and distal extensor digitorum communis in healthy adults. Method To measure motor-evoked potential responses, transcranial magnetic stimulation was interfaced with electromyography and neuronavigation equipment. Two measurements were conducted on day 1 and a third measurement three days later. Reliability was analysed using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Twenty participants completed the study. Excellent intra-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.91 (extensor digitorum), 0.94 (anterior deltoid)) and good to excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.69 (anterior deltoid), 0.84 (extensor digitorum)) was found for resting motor threshold. Minimal detectable change for resting motor threshold was found at 10.95% (extensor digitorum) and 16.35% (anterior deltoid) between first and third measurements. Motor-evoked potential amplitude of extensor digitorum communis had fair to good intra-rater (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.50) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.65). Conclusions Our results suggest that resting motor threshold is a reliable neurophysiological measure even for proximal shoulder muscles. Future research should further explore the reliability of motor-evoked potential amplitude before integration into neurological rehabilitation.
Osseous Vascularity of the Medial Elbow After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparison of the Docking and Modified Jobe Techniques
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Klinger Craig E. , Lazaro Lionel E. , Villa Jordan C. , van der List Jelle P. , Altchek David W. , Lorich Dean G. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Although vascularity plays a critical role in healing after ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, intraosseous blood flow to the medial epicondyle (ME) and sublime tubercle remains undefined. Purpose: To quantify vascular disruption caused by tunnel drilling with the modified Jobe and docking techniques for UCL reconstruction. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight matched pairs (16 specimens) of fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities were randomized to 1 of 2 study groups: docking technique or modified Jobe technique. One elbow in each pair underwent tunnel drilling by the assigned technique, while the contralateral elbow served as a control. Pregadolinium and postgadolinium magnetic resonance imaging were performed to quantify intraosseous vascularity within the ME, trochlea, and proximal ulna. Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and gross dissection were performed to assess terminal vessel integrity. Results: Ulnar tunnel drilling had minimal impact on vascularity of the proximal ulna, with maintenance of >95% blood flow for each technique. Perfusion in the ME was reduced 14% (to 86% of baseline) for the docking technique and 60% (to 40% of baseline) for the modified Jobe technique (mean difference, 46%; P = .029). Three-dimensional CT and gross dissection revealed increased disruption of small perforating vessels of the posterior aspect of the ME for the modified Jobe technique. Conclusion: Although tunnel drilling in the sublime tubercle appears to have a minimal effect on intraosseous vascularity of the proximal ulna, both the docking and modified Jobe techniques reduce flow in the ME. This reduction was 4 times greater for the modified Jobe technique, and these findings have important implications for UCL reconstruction surgery. Clinical Relevance: As the rate of revision UCL reconstructions continues to rise, investigation into causes for failure of primary surgery is needed. One potential cause is poor tendon-to-bone healing due to inadequate vascularity. This study quantifies the amount of vascular insult that is incurred in the ME during UCL reconstruction. While vascular insult is only one of many factors that affects the surgical success rate, surgeons performing this procedure should be mindful of this potential for vascular disruption.
A phase 1 study of lenalidomide and ibrutinib in combination with rituximab in relapsed and refractory CLL
Authors: Ujjani Chaitra , Wang Hongkun , Skarbnik Alan , Trivedi Neel , Ramzi Pari , Khan Nadia , Cheson Bruce D. 
Published: April 2018

Key Points
R, L, and I in relapsed/ refractory CLL do not appear to be more effective than the R + L doublet or I alone. The regimen was associated with sustained grade 4 neutropenia, which prompted study withdrawal in many patients.
Desperately seeking outcomes: quantifying the effectiveness of community mental healthcare using Health of the Nation Outcome Scales
Authors: Laugharne Richard , Eaves Scott , Mascas Alin , Psatha Kiki , Dinnis Gill , Trower Jonathan , Shankar Rohit 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCommunity mental health services in the UK have struggled to measure the clinical effectiveness of their services.AimsTo measure clinical outcomes for different diagnostic clusters.MethodClinicians measure the clinical status of patients by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS), and HoNOS scores should be recorded annually after treatment. Clinical outcomes were measured by changes in HoNOS for diagnostic clusters.ResultsIn two time periods (2014 and 2016), the health of patients with mild to moderate common mental disorders deteriorated after intervention. Patients with severe common mental disorders and psychoses improved in their clinical status.ConclusionsBritish community mental health teams may be effective in improving the clinical status of people with severe mental illness, but may have a negative effect on people with mild to moderate illnesses. These teams need to focus on the severely mentally ill and build on this demonstrable effectiveness.Declaration of interestNone.
Optimizing Anticancer Therapy in Metastatic Non-Castrate Prostate Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Morris Michael J. , Rumble R. Bryan , Basch Ethan , Hotte Sebastien J. , Loblaw Andrew , Rathkopf Dana , Celano Paul , Bangs Rick , Milowsky Matthew I. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose This clinical practice guideline addresses abiraterone or docetaxel with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for metastatic prostate cancer that has not been treated (or has been minimally treated) with testosterone-lowering agents. Methods Standard therapy for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer has been ADT alone. Three studies have compared ADT alone with ADT and docetaxel, and two studies have compared ADT alone with ADT and abiraterone. Results Three prospective randomized studies (GETUG-AFU 15, STAMPEDE, and CHAARTED) examined overall survival (OS) with adding docetaxel to ADT. STAMPEDE and CHAARTED favored docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; n = 2,962 and HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89; n = 790, respectively). GETUG-AFU 15 was negative. LATITUDE and STAMPEDE examined the impact on OS of adding abiraterone (with prednisone or prednisolone) to ADT. LATITUDE and STAMPEDE favored abiraterone (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.76; n = 1,199 and HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.76; n = 1,917, respectively). Recommendations ADT plus docetaxel or abiraterone in newly diagnosed metastatic non-castrate prostate cancer offers a survival benefit as compared with ADT alone. The strongest evidence of benefit with docetaxel is in men with de novo high-volume (CHAARTED criteria) metastatic disease. Similar survival benefits are seen using abiraterone acetate in high-risk patients (LATITUDE criteria) and in the metastatic population in STAMPEDE. ADT plus abiraterone and ADT plus docetaxel have not been compared, and it is not known if some men benefit more from one regimen as opposed to the other. Fitness for chemotherapy, patient comorbidities, toxicity profiles, quality of life, drug availability, and cost should be considered in this decision. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/genitourinary-cancer-guidelines .
Années 68 postcoloniales ?
Authors: Blum Françoise 
Published: April 2018

PrécisCet article met en évidence les liens entre le Mai français et les mouvements politiques et sociaux intervenus en Guinée, au Congo, au Sénégal ou à Madagascar. Il s'intéresse à la nature commune de ces différents mouvements : rôle de la jeunesse, alliance des étudiants avec les ouvriers et le « petit peuple », en interrogeant une même situation postcoloniale. Il s'attache à décrire les connexions ainsi que les communautés d'habitus entre des mondes, africain et européen, en devenir : échanges de pratiques et savoirs en matière de contestation et de répression, échanges universitaires, culture et lectures communes, et ainsi de suite. Il s'agit ici de penser les circulations des « années 68 » non seulement du Nord vers le Sud mais aussi du Sud vers le Nord, et d'intégrer Mai dans une configuration plus générale : celle des espoirs suscités et/ou déçus par la fin d'un empire.This article focuses on connections between France's May ’68 and political and social movements in Francophone Africa: Guinea, the Congo, Senegal, and Madagascar. As participants challenged their common postcolonial situation, these movements converged around the importance of youth and alliances between students, workers, and “the masses.” The article describes the emergence of French and African activist communities defined by a common habitus constituted by shared techniques of protest and responses to repression, academic exchanges, common interests, and reading. The purpose of the article is to examine the circulation of ideas and people through the “long 1968”—from South to North and vice versa—and to situate May ’68 within the broad range of expectations that the end of empire both raised and often disappointed.
Bringing Vietnam Home
Authors: Mohandesi Salar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Vietnam War made May ’68 possible. The war prompted young radicals to experiment with new forms of struggle, reinvent radical internationalism, and ultimately embrace revolution. Transnational exchanges and a changing political conjuncture pushed some radicals to argue that the best way to aid their Vietnamese comrades abroad was to bring the war home to France. Their efforts to translate the exemplary struggles in Vietnam into a domestic idiom helped trigger the events of May ’68. Seen in this transnational context, May ’68 was one front among many in a broader, worldwide anti-imperialist struggle, led primarily by the Vietnamese. In France, Vietnam became a universal symbol of revolt, supercharging other struggles, while radicals elsewhere were inspired to translate the French May into their own national contexts. This article shows just how profoundly Vietnam shaped the radical imaginary of the “68 years.”La guerre du Vietnam a rendu Mai 68 possible. La guerre a permis à de jeunes radicaux d'expérimenter de nouvelles formes de lutte, de reconstruire un internationalisme fort et de se lancer dans la révolution. Les échanges transnationaux ainsi qu'une nouvelle conjoncture politique entraînèrent certains radicaux à affirmer que la meilleure façon d'aider leurs camarades vietnamiens était d'importer la guerre en métropole. Leurs efforts pour traduire les luttes exemplaires des Vietnamiens dans le contexte français participèrent au déclenchement des événements de Mai 68. Pris dans une perspective transnationale, Mai 68 était un front parmi d'autres dans une lutte anti-impérialiste globale, conduite principalement par les Vietnamiens. En France, le Vietnam devint un symbole universel de révolte, s'articulant avec d'autres luttes, tandis que les événements poussèrent les radicaux d'autres pays à traduire le Mai français dans leurs propres contextes nationaux. Cet article montre que le Vietnam a façonné profondément l'imaginaire radical des « années 68 ».
“The US Embassy Has Been Particularly Sensitive about This”
Authors: Keenan Bethany S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article examines changes in how the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs handled anti–Vietnam War protests in the period immediately following the May–June 1968 uprisings. Through a study of the Quai d'Orsay Asie-Océanie archives along with American Embassy and CIA documents, the article adds to research on French domestic protest activity and expands understanding of the philo-American shift in French foreign policy following May. In its emphasis on how foreign policy affected domestic experience, the article argues for the importance of situating May globally to evaluate its full impact.
Cet article examine les évolutions dans la gestion des manifestations contre la guerre du Vietnam par le ministère des Affaires étrangères dans les mois suivant les événements de mai–juin 1968. Fondé sur une étude des archives Asie-Océanie du Quai d'Orsay, aussi bien que sur des documents de l'ambassade américaine et du CIA, cet article éclaircit le mouvement anti-guerre en France, tout en contribuant à la compréhension du basculement philo-américain de la politique étrangère française après Mai. Soulignant les effets de la politique étrangère sur l'expérience domestique, l'article avance l'importance de situer Mai au niveau mondial afin de mieux évaluer son impact.
Being in Parentheses
Authors: Sanos Sandrine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiane Kurys is known in French cinema for her popular, seemingly apolitical and “sentimental” films. Kurys's early films, however, chart a mode of historical consciousness, memory, and temporality that alerts us to both the origins and afterlives of May ’68. In the widely celebrated 1977 Diabolo menthe, set in 1963 just after the end of the Franco-Algerian War, and the 1980 commercial and critical flop Cocktail Molotov, which took May ’68 as its subject, Kurys fictionalizes a meditation on the ways gender, sex, and Jewishness have been at the heart of these events' politics for her. Through the figure of the jeune fille at the heart of her films, Kurys traces an ambivalent memory linking the specters of the Franco-Algerian war to those of World War II to map an ambivalent and gendered post-Holocaust French Jewish identity. For Kurys, finding meaning in May ’68 means revealing how only sex constitutes a politics that can rearrange the ordering of bodies in a community.Si les films de Diane Kurys sont connus du grand public, son cinéma est généralement absent du champ des représentations et des mémoires de Mai 68. Pourtant, ses premiers films sont l'occasion pour elle d'imaginer un rapport au passé mettant en lumière les origines et héritages de « l'événement Mai 68 ». Avec Diabolo Menthe (1977) qui met en scène la vie de l'adolescente Anne en 1963 et Cocktail Molotov (1980) où la même Anne connaît l'émancipation à l'orée de Mai 68, Kurys fait émerger une vision de l'histoire en marge : dans ces marges et ces débordements se mêlent les après‐coups de la guerre d'Algérie, les échos d'un monde inquiet et d'une identité juive après la Shoah. L'imaginaire de Kurys ne propose cependant aucune radicalité politique. Trouver du sens à Mai 68 pour Kurys, c'est d'abord se préoccuper de la manière dont la sexualité est la seule politique qui puisse réagencer l'ordre des corps dans la communauté.