bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of meta‐analyses of the effectiveness of FIFA injury prevention programs in soccer
Authors: Al Attar Wesam Saleh A. , Alshehri Mansour Abdullah 
Published: August 2019

FIFA has a Medical and Research Centre (F‐MARC) which has designed a comprehensive program targeting muscle strength, kinesthetic awareness, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements to decrease injury risk for soccer players. A number of meta‐analyses now exist on how effective FIFA's programs to prevent and reduce injury actually are, with various degrees of injury reduction reported. This research aimed to carry out a systematic review and to meta‐analyse the existing meta‐analyses so that a conclusion can be drawn on how effective the injury programs are. Relevant studies were identified by searching five databases for the period January 1990 till 1 July 2018. Results of each meta‐analysis were combined together using risk ratios (RR) in a summary meta‐analysis. QUOROM checklist and AMSTAR 2 assessment were used to assess the quality of reporting and methodology in the meta‐analyses. Four meta‐analyses met the inclusion criteria covering fifteen primary studies. All four meta‐analyses scored quite highly on QUOROM, but two were rated by AMSTAR 2 as moderate quality, and two were found to be of critically low quality. An overall risk reduction in 34% (RR = 0.66 [0.60‐0.73]) for all injuries and a reduction in 29% (RR = 0.71 [0.63‐0.81]) for injuries to the lower limbs were revealed by this meta‐analysis of meta‐analyses. Combining every previous meta‐analysis into a single source in this paper produced decisive evidence that the risk of injuries while playing soccer is reduced as a result of FIFA's injury prevention programs.
Reactive and proactive aggression in children with and without ADHD and negative emotional lability
Authors: Slaughter Kelly E. , Leaberry Kirsten D. , Fogleman Nicholas D. , Rosen Paul J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChildren with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit marked difficulty with frequent and intense shifts in negative or positive emotions, referred to as emotional lability. This study examines the relationships between negative emotional lability (NEL), ADHD, and reactive and proactive aggression. A community sample of 96 children (53 with ADHD, 43 control) ages 8–12 and their parents completed a baseline session include a diagnostic structured interview and the Reactive–Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPAQ). Parents then rated their child's NEL using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale as part of an Ecological Momentary Assessment protocol 3 times a day for 28 days. Seventy‐three participants (37 with ADHD, 36 control) completed the RPAQ at follow‐up. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that NEL significantly and independently estimates reactive aggression at baseline and follow‐up, regardless of ADHD status. NEL and ADHD status significantly estimates concurrent proactive aggression, but not at follow‐up. Results of this study suggest that NEL accounts for a significant amount of the variability in reactive aggression, a common difficulty in children with ADHD. Further, individuals that are reportedly emotionally labile become more reactively aggressive over time. Both ADHD diagnostic and NEL are predictors of proactive aggression at baseline, although no interaction occurred.
Co‐Movement of Political Risk and Sovereign Credit Risk: A Wavelet Coherence Analysis for Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela
Authors: Kirikkaleli Dervis , Ozun Alper 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis article aim to investigate the causal relationship between sovereign credit risk and political risk in Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela.MethodsGranger causality, Toda Yamamoto causality, and wavelet coherence tests are used to answer the following questions: (i) Is there are causal linkage between sovereign credit risk and political risk? (ii) If yes, in which direction(s)? It also provides a recent literature on the methods of quantification of political risk and historic economic instabilities in the selected countries.ResultsThe findings from wavelet coherence reveal that (i) between 1997 and 2005, sovereign credit risk significantly causes political risk in Argentina at medium frequency but between 2008 and 2015, at high frequency, the direction of causality is opposite relative to the previous period; (ii) the correlation between political risk and sovereign credit risk is not high throughout the period of 1993‐2015, although there is a positive correlation between sovereign credit risk and political risk 1998 and 2000 at only high frequency in Brazil; (iii) between 1997 and 2011, political risk significantly causes sovereign credit risk in Venezuela. At high frequency, between 2006 and 2007, there is also positive correlation between sovereign credit risk and political risk.ConclusionThere is evidence that there is a feedback causal relationship between political risk and sovereign credit risk at different frequencies.
Serologic assessments in acute transfusion reactions: practices and yields
Authors: Cohen Robert , Lima Ana , Escorcia Alioska , Tasmin Farzana , Lin Yulia , Lieberman Lani , Pendergrast Jacob , Callum Jeannie , Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine 
Published: August 2019

Background & ObjectivesSerologic testing after transfusion reactions (TRs) aims to find accountable immune haemolytic incompatibility. Our hospital policies recommend serologic testing in all TR, except for low‐risk fevers (subclinical temperature <39°C) or uncomplicated allergic reactions. Assessing compliance with these guidelines and serologic testing yields may provide insights on quality of practice and value.Materials & MethodsInterrogation of two haemovigilance databases identified all possible‐to‐definite TR over a 4‐year period (2013–2016) at four academic hospitals. We reviewed the performance and outcome of serologic testing by site, year, reaction type, implicated product and service.ResultsSerologic testing occurred in 769 (55%) of 1408 referrals, with 1153 (82%) compliant with guidelines. Similar proportions deviated to overtesting (85/550 [15%]) and undertesting (174/858 [20%]), with undertesting seen most often in atypical TR. Overall, 30 (4.4%) of 769 cases had a new finding, but only 2 (0.3%) reflected host‐derived antibodies. Overall, the number needed to test to discover an unexpected allospecificity was 385, or 253 if limited to high‐risk fevers. Reaction‐ and product‐specific yields ranged from 0% to 48%. The yield in complicated allergic reactions was low at 2%, constituting only predictable passive isohaemagglutinin(s) in retrospect. Investigated IVIG TR accounted for most of this cohort’s signal by passive isohaemagglutinins in 48%.ConclusionThe performance of post‐TR serologic testing revealed practice gaps and expected context‐specific yields. Tailored serologic testing (i.e. indirect antiglobulin tests for alloantibodies in post‐RBC/high‐risk febrile reactions, ± isoagglutinin‐focused tests after IVIG or ABO‐minor‐mismatched platelets) may improve value and liberate resources for other unmet needs in TR investigation.
Association of ideal cardiovascular health at age 50 with incidence of dementia: 25 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Sabia Séverine , Fayosse Aurore , Dumurgier Julien , Schnitzler Alexis , Empana Jean-Philippe , Ebmeier Klaus P , Dugravot Aline , Kivimäki Mika , Singh-Manoux Archana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between the Life Simple 7 cardiovascular health score at age 50 and incidence of dementia.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCivil service departments in London (Whitehall II study; study inception 1985-88).Participants7899 participants with data on the cardiovascular health score at age 50.ExposuresThe cardiovascular health score included four behavioural (smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index) and three biological (fasting glucose, blood cholesterol, blood pressure) metrics, coded on a three point scale (0, 1, 2). The cardiovascular health score was the sum of seven metrics (score range 0-14) and was categorised into poor (scores 0-6), intermediate (7-11), and optimal (12-14) cardiovascular health.Main outcome measureIncident dementia, identified through linkage to hospital, mental health services, and mortality registers until 2017.Results347 incident cases of dementia were recorded over a median follow-up of 24.7 years. Compared with an incidence rate of dementia of 3.2 (95% confidence interval 2.5 to 4.0) per 1000 person years among the group with poor cardiovascular health, the absolute rate differences per 1000 person years were −1.5 (95% confidence interval −2.3 to −0.7) for the group with intermediate cardiovascular health and −1.9 (−2.8 to −1.1) for the group with optimal cardiovascular health. Higher cardiovascular health score was associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio 0.89 (0.85 to 0.95) per 1 point increment in the cardiovascular health score). Similar associations with dementia were observed for the behavioural and biological subscales (hazard ratios per 1 point increment in the subscores 0.87 (0.81 to 0.93) and 0.91 (0.83 to 1.00), respectively). The association between cardiovascular health at age 50 and dementia was also seen in people who remained free of cardiovascular disease over the follow-up (hazard ratio 0.89 (0.84 to 0.95) per 1 point increment in the cardiovascular health score).ConclusionAdherence to the Life Simple 7 ideal cardiovascular health recommendations in midlife was associated with a lower risk of dementia later in life.
Association between major surgical admissions and the cognitive trajectory: 19 year follow-up of Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Krause Bryan M , Sabia Séverine , Manning Helen J , Singh-Manoux Archana , Sanders Robert D 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the association between major surgery and the age related cognitive trajectory.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study.SettingUnited Kingdom.Participants7532 adults with as many as five cognitive assessments between 1997 and 2016 in the Whitehall II study, with linkage to hospital episode statistics. Exposures of interest included any major hospital admission, defined as requiring more than one overnight stay during follow-up.Main outcomes measuresThe primary outcome was the global cognitive score established from a battery of cognitive tests encompassing reasoning, memory, and phonemic and semantic fluency. Bayesian linear mixed effects models were used to calculate the change in the age related cognitive trajectory after hospital admission. The odds of substantial cognitive decline induced by surgery defined as more than 1.96 standard deviations from a predicted trajectory (based on the first three cognitive waves of data) was also calculated.ResultsAfter accounting for the age related cognitive trajectory, major surgery was associated with a small additional cognitive decline, equivalent on average to less than five months of aging (95% credible interval 0.01 to 0.73 years). In comparison, admissions for medical conditions and stroke were associated with 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) and 13 (9.6 to 16) years of aging, respectively. Substantial cognitive decline occurred in 2.5% of participants with no admissions, 5.5% of surgical admissions, and 12.7% of medical admissions. Compared with participants with no major hospital admissions, those with surgical or medical events were more likely to have substantial decline from their predicted trajectory (surgical admissions odds ratio 2.3, 95% credible interval 1.4 to 3.9; medical admissions 6.2, 3.4 to 11.0).ConclusionsMajor surgery is associated with a small, long term change in the average cognitive trajectory that is less profound than for major medical admissions. The odds of substantial cognitive decline after surgery was about doubled, though lower than for medical admissions. During informed consent, this information should be weighed against the potential health benefits of surgery.
Has there been a change in the end-of-life decision-making over the past 16 years?
Authors: Piili Reetta P , Lehto Juho T , Metsänoja Riina , Hinkka Heikki , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko-Liisa I 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesPhysicians’ decision-making in end-of-life (EOL) care includes many medical, ethical and juridical aspects. We studied the changes of these decisions over time and factors influencing them.MethodsA postal survey including two hypothetical patient scenarios was sent to 1258 Finnish physicians in 2015 and to 1182 in 1999. The attitudes, values and background factors of the physicians were also enquired.ResultsThe response rate was 56%. The physicians’ decisions to choose palliative approaches over active or intensive care increased from 1999 to 2015 when a terminally ill prostate cancer patient had probable iatrogenic gastrointestinal bleeding (53% vs 59%, p=0.014) and waited to meet his son (46% vs 60%, p<0.001) or a minister (53% vs 71%, p<0.001). Training in EOL care independently increased palliative approaches. Patient’s benefit (96% vs 99%, p=0.001), ethical values (83% vs 93%, p<0.001) and patient’s (68% vs 86%, p<0.001) or physician’s (44% vs 63%, p<0.001) legal protection were considered more influential to the decisions in 2015, while the family’s benefit was regarded as less influential to the decisions than it was in 1999 (37% vs 25%, p<0.001). Physicians were more willing to give a hospice voucher for an advanced breast cancer patient in 2015 (34% vs 58%, p<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings may reflect the transition to a stronger emphasis on patient-centred care and a stronger tendency to avoid futile therapies that have only short-term goals. The results highlight that education in all aspects of EOL care should be incorporated into the post-graduate training of medical specialties that take care of dying patients.
‘S’-shaped curve: modelling trends in smoking prevalence, uptake and cessation in Great Britain from 1973 to 2016
Authors: Beard Emma Victoria , West Robert , Jarvis Martin , Michie Susan , Brown Jamie 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundIt is believed that declines in smoking prevalence naturally slow over time as the smoking population ‘hardens’ and that progress has come primarily from reducing uptake rather than increasing cessation. To address these issues, we undertook the first formal attempt to model the trajectory of smoking prevalence and indices of uptake and cessation in Great Britain from 1973 to 2016.MethodsUsing data from the General Lifestyle Survey between 1973 and 2008, the Integrated Household Survey between 2009 and 2014 and the Annual Population Survey between 2015 and 2016, this study modelled year-on-year changes in smoking prevalence, ever-smoking in 18–24-year-olds as an index of uptake, and quit ratios as an index of cessation.ResultsFor all three outcomes, changes over time were best fitted by what may be broadly characterised as ‘S’-shaped curves: segmented functions characterised by initial rapid progress, a slowing or reversal, then renewed progress. Smoking prevalence in Great Britain showed a decelerating decline over time between 1973 and 2000, but then, after the introduction of the National ‘Smoking Kills’ tobacco control plan, the decline accelerated again and has remained nearly linear at −0.67 percentage points per year. Ever-smoking showed a decelerating decline which eventually ceased and began increasing around 1994 but then declined again after 2000. Quit ratios rose rapidly then slowed and then accelerated around 2000 and again more recently in 2013.ConclusionLong-term trends in smoking prevalence, uptake and cessation have followed a broadly ‘S’-shaped trend suggesting that they are responsive to major tobacco control initiatives. The decline in prevalence has resulted both from reductions in uptake and increases in cessation.
Diurnal rhythms of group-housed layer pullets with free choices between light and dim environments
Authors: Li Guoming , Li Baoming , Shi Zhengxiang , Zhao Yang , Tong Qin , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2019

Chickens under appropriate light–dark programs can develop diurnal rhythms. However, actual needs of layer pullets for the light and dark environments are not fully understood. This study was to investigate the diurnal rhythms of pullets in the light (30 lx) and dim (<1 lx) environments. The preferences of pullets on the light and dim environments were examined. The testing system contained four identical compartments (0.96 m length × 1.20 m width × 2.00 m height for each). A light-emitting diode tube, a camera, and weighing sensors were installed in each compartment. Four groups of eight Chinese domestic layer pullets, Jingfen, were used at the weeks 15–18. Choices of environments and feeding behaviors were monitored by weighing sensors, and activity was measured by digital image processing. The results show that pullets spent on average 35.5 ± 2.2 min under the light and 24.5 ± 2.1 min under the dim in each hour. Human inspection can stimulate bird feeding and activity. Overall, pullets behaved more actively under the light than under the dim environment. Pullets stayed in the light and dim environments throughout each hour of a day, which may suggest that lighting environments with free choices in a pullet house might better serve for pullet preference.
Dielectric Properties of Epoxy-Matrix Composites with Tungsten Disulfide Nanotubes
Authors: Bertasius Povilas , Shneider Mark , Macutkevic Jan , Samulionis Vytautas , Banys Juras , Zak Alla 
Published: August 2019

Addition of conductive nanotubes to an insulating polymer matrix has been proven as an efficient strategy that can improve the electromagnetic shielding performance, due to the high aspect ratio of nanotubes. Herein, a set of epoxy-matrix composites filled with 0.15-1.6 vol% of tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanotubes being of 30-120 nm in diameter and 5-20 μm in length has been produced. Electromagnetic properties of the prepared composites were probed in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz in a temperature range from 250 K to 500 K. Broadband properties of these materials are controlled by the dynamics of epoxy resin molecules, and no electrical percolation was observed up to the highest concentration (1.6 vol%) of WS2 nanotubes. The value of dielectric permittivity for all composites is not bigger than 6 at room temperature and 1 kHz frequency, and the electrical conductivity of composites is about 10-6 S/m at 500 K, which demonstrate that the composites are suitable for antistatic applications at higher temperatures. The relaxation time follows the Vogel-Fulcher law, and the Vogel temperature T0 has the minimum for the WS2 nanotube concentration 0.15 vol%. Above 410 K, the electrical conductivity determines the properties of the investigated composites due to nonzero electrical conductivity of epoxy resin. The value of DC electrical conductivity for pure epoxy at T=450 K is 0.3 μS/m, while the DC conductivity of the composites slightly increases with the WS2 concentration. Therefore, the electrical contacts between WS2 nanotubes and polymer matrix are rather ohmic. Additionally, the activation energy is almost independent on the concentration of WS2. However, it is higher in composites than in pure epoxy resin.
Prolactin Promotes Fibrosis and Pancreatic Cancer Progression
Authors: Tandon Manuj , Coudriet Gina M. , Criscimanna Angela , Socorro Mairobys , Eliliwi Mouhanned , Singhi Aatur D. , Cruz-Monserrate Zobeida , Bailey Peter , Lotze Michael T. , Zeh Herbert , Hu Jing , Goffin Vincent , Gittes George K. , Biankin Andrew V. , Esni Farzad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with significant fibrosis. Recent findings have highlighted the profibrotic activity of tissue-resident macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Here, we show that neoplastic pancreatic epithelium, as well as a subset of tissue-resident macrophages, expresses the prolactin-receptor (PRLR). High mobility group box 1–induced prolactin expression in the pancreas maintained FAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation within the epithelium and stroma. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated the essential role of prolactin in promoting collagen deposition and fibrosis. Finally, the signaling cascade downstream of prolactin/PRLR activated STAT3 rather than STAT5 in PDAC. These findings suggest that targeting prolactin together with IL6, a known major activator of STAT3, could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer.

Significance:
Prolactin is a key factor in the cross-talk between the stroma and neoplastic epithelium, functioning to promote fibrosis and PDAC progression.
Use of Natural Language Processing to Extract Clinical Cancer Phenotypes from Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Savova Guergana K. , Danciu Ioana , Alamudun Folami , Miller Timothy , Lin Chen , Bitterman Danielle S. , Tourassi Georgia , Warner Jeremy L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Current models for correlating electronic medical records with -omics data largely ignore clinical text, which is an important source of phenotype information for patients with cancer. This data convergence has the potential to reveal new insights about cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to treatment. Insights from this real-world data will catalyze clinical care, research, and regulatory activities. Natural language processing (NLP) methods are needed to extract these rich cancer phenotypes from clinical text. Here, we review the advances of NLP and information extraction methods relevant to oncology based on publications from PubMed as well as NLP and machine learning conference proceedings in the last 3 years. Given the interdisciplinary nature of the fields of oncology and information extraction, this analysis serves as a critical trail marker on the path to higher fidelity oncology phenotypes from real-world data.