bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation measurements at ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Carrara Arnaud , Kolari Pasi , de Beeck Maarten Op , Arriga Nicola , Berveiller Daniel , Dengel Sigrid , Ibrom Andreas , Merbold Lutz , Rebmann Corinna , Sabbatini Simone , Serrano-Ortíz Penelope , Biraud Sébastien C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Solar radiation is a key driver of energy and carbon fluxes in natural ecosystems. Radiation measurements are essential for interpreting ecosystem scale greenhouse gases and energy fluxes as well as many other observations performed at ecosystem stations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS). We describe and explain the relevance of the radiation variables that are monitored continuously at ICOS ecosystem stations and define recommendations to perform these measurements with consistent and comparable accuracy. The measurement methodology and instruments are described including detailed technical specifications. Guidelines for instrumental set up as well as for operation, maintenance and data collection are defined considering both ICOS scientific objectives and practical operational constraints. For measurements of short-wave (solar) and long wave (infrared) radiation components, requirements for the ICOS network are based on available well-defined state-of-the art standards (World Meteorological Organization, International Organization for Standardization). For photosynthetically active radiation measurements, some basic instrumental requirements are based on the performance of commercially available sensors. Since site specific conditions and practical constraints at individual ICOS ecosystem stations may hamper the applicability of standard requirements, we recommend that ICOS develops mid-term coordinated actions to assess the effective level of uncertainties in radiation measurements at the network scale.
Emotionally Aversive Cues Suppress Neural Systems Underlying Optimal Learning in Socially Anxious Individuals
Authors: Piray Payam , Ly Verena , Roelofs Karin , Cools Roshan , Toni Ivan 
Published: December 2018

Learning and decision-making are modulated by socio-emotional processing and such modulation is implicated in clinically relevant personality traits of social anxiety. The present study elucidates the computational and neural mechanisms by which emotionally aversive cues disrupt learning in socially anxious human individuals. Healthy volunteers with low or high trait social anxiety performed a reversal learning task requiring learning actions in response to angry or happy face cues. Choice data were best captured by a computational model in which learning rate was adjusted according to the history of surprises. High trait socially anxious individuals used a less-dynamic strategy for adjusting their learning rate in trials started with angry face cues and unlike the low social anxiety group, their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity did not covary with the learning rate. Our results demonstrate that trait social anxiety is accompanied by disruption of optimal learning and dACC activity in threatening situations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial anxiety is known to influence a broad range of cognitive functions. This study tests whether and how social anxiety affects human value-based learning as a function of uncertainty in the learning environment. The findings indicate that, in a threatening context evoked by an angry face, socially anxious individuals fail to benefit from a stable learning environment with highly predictable stimulus–response–outcome associations. Under those circumstances, socially anxious individuals failed to use their dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region known to adjust learning rate to environmental uncertainty. These findings open the way to modify neurobiological mechanisms of maladaptive learning in anxiety and depressive disorders.
Operant Costs Modulate Dopamine Release to Self-Administered Cocaine
Authors: Oliva Idaira , Wanat Matthew J. 
Published: December 2018

The costs associated with obtaining illicit drugs can fluctuate depending upon the relative drug availability. As a consequence of the changing costs, the effort that one must exert to obtain drugs is dynamic. Considerable evidence illustrates a critical role for dopamine in the ventral medial striatum in mediating drug reinforcement. However, little is known regarding how dopamine release is affected by changes in the costs associated with earning drugs. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to determine how changes in the operant requirement affected dopamine release to self-administered cocaine in male rats. Dopamine release to cocaine infusions increased across trials during self-administration sessions using a fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule with a low operant requirement. However, increasing the operant requirement abolished the within-session elevation in dopamine release to drug rewards. This effect was not due to underlying changes in preinfusion dopamine levels and was not explained by cocaine levels in the brain. This within-session increase in dopamine release to cocaine infusions reemerged when the operant requirement was lowered. Under a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule, there was no increase in dopamine release to drug rewards across trials, which contrasts with prior studies demonstrating an increase in dopamine release to food rewards. Collectively, these findings illustrate that the influence of operant costs on reward-evoked dopamine release depends upon type of reward that can be earned (e.g., food or drug).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe mesolimbic dopamine system is involved with mediating drug reinforcement. Although the costs associated with earning drugs are dynamic, no studies to date have examined how dopamine release to drug rewards is affected by changing costs. By performing fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recordings in rats self-administering cocaine, the present work demonstrates that changing the operant costs reversibly modulates the dopamine response to cocaine rewards. Furthermore, these findings highlight that the influence of costs on dopamine release to drug rewards differs from the established effect of costs on dopamine release to food rewards.
Efficiency of bird laser repellents (the case of Rooks and Pigeons)
Authors: Matsyura A. V. 
Published: December 2018

<p>We tested the effect of laser repellents against the Rooks and Pigeons in the conditions of Kulunda Steppe (Altai Krai). We successfully scared birds from their feeding and day/night roosting habitats. Based on our results we definitely can recommend laser devices for implementation in bird control management regards studied species.</p><p> </p>
Seasonal Fluctuations of the Numbers of leaf beetles of the subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in lowland steppe of Tigireksky strict nature Reserve (Northern-Western Altai, Russia)
Authors: Krugova T. M. , Guskova E. V. 
Published: December 2018

<p>Seasonal fluctuations of the numbers of leaf beetles of the subfamily Alticinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in lowland steppe of Tigirekskiy reserve in 2012 was studied in stipa and in meadow steppe. The maximal species diversity was noted in the beginning - in the middle of summer. The dominant species is Longitarsus luridus (Scopoli, 1763) with the peak of activity in the end of summer.</p>
Gender-related differences in cue-elicited cravings in Internet gaming disorder: The effects of deprivation
Authors: Dong Guangheng , Zheng Hui , Liu Xiaoyue , Wang Yifan , Du Xiaoxia , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundOnline gaming has become a popular leisure activity, in which males more frequently develop Internet gaming disorder (IGD) compared to females. However, gender-related neurocognitive differences have largely not been systematically investigated in IGD.MethodsCue-elicited-craving tasks were performed before game playing and immediately after deprivation operationalized as a forced break from gaming when the Internet was disconnected. Ninety-nine subjects with IGD (27 males and 22 females) or recreational game use (RGU; 27 males and 23 females) provided functional MRI and subjective data. Analyses investigating effects of group (IGD and RGU) × gender (male and female) at different times (pre-gaming, post-gaming, and post–pre) on cue-elicited craving and brain responses were performed. Correlations between brain responses and subjective measures were calculated.ResultsIn pre-, post-, and post–pre tests, significant gender-by-group interactions (p < .001, cluster size > 15 voxels) were observed in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Further analyses of the DLPFC cluster showed that in post–pre comparisons, results were related to less engagement of the DLPFC in IGD, especially in females. In addition, at post-test, significant interactions were observed in the caudate, as females with IGD showed greater activation as compared to those with RGU.DiscussionThe results raise the possibility that women with RGU may show better executive control than men when facing gaming cues, which may provide resiliency against developing IGD; however, once they develop IGD, their gaming may impair their executive control and enhance their cravings for gaming, which may make it more difficult to quit gaming.
Myths about “The myths about work addiction”
Authors: Andreassen Cecilie Schou , Schaufeli Wilmar B. , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: December 2018

The present paper encompasses a response to the debate paper by Griffiths et al. about work addiction myths. Generally, we found weak empirical basis for the statement that there exist major myths and controversies regarding work addiction. Although we agree with Griffiths et al. on several issues, we argue that: (a) although work addiction is not a new behavioral addiction, work addiction research is still in its infancy; (b) work addiction is largely similar to other behavioral addictions; (c) work addiction and workaholism are actually the same; and (d) there is no compelling evidence that work addiction occurs before adulthood.
Integrated central blood pressure–aortic stiffness risk score for cardiovascular risk stratification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nemcsik J , Tabák Á , Batta D , Cseprekál O , Egresits J , Tislér A 
Published: December 2018

Background and aims
The aim of this study was to develop an integrated central blood pressure–aortic stiffness (ICPS) risk score to predict cardiovascular events.

Methods
It was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 100 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on conservative therapy were included. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), central systolic blood pressure (cSBP), and central pulse pressure (cPP) were measured. A score was assigned to tertiles of PWV (0–2), cPP (0–2), and cSBP (0 to the first and second and 1 to the third tertile) based on each parameter’s ability to individually predict cardiovascular outcome. The sum of these scores and three ICPS risk categories as predictors were studied. Finally, we compared discrimination of the ICPS risk categories with PWV, cSBP, and cPP.

Results
Adjusted for age and sex, patients in high and very high ICPS risk categories had increased cardiovascular risk (HR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.65–7.49; HR: 7.56, 95% CI: 3.20–17.85, respectively). High and very high ICPS risk categories remained independent predictors in a model adjusted for multiple CV risk factors (HR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.65–7.49; HR: 8.56, 95% CI: 3.09–23.76, respectively). ICPS risk categories (Harrell’s C: 0.723, 95% CI: 0.652–0.795) showed better discrimination than PWV (Harrell’s C: 0.659, 95% CI: 0.586–0.732, p = 0.028) and cSBP (Harrell’s C: 0.660, 95% CI: 0.584–0.735, p = 0.008) and there has been a tendency of significance in case of cPP (Harrell’s C: 0.691, 95% CI: 0.621–0.761, p = 0.170).

Conclusion
The ICPS score may clinically importantly improve the identification of CKD patients with elevated cardiovascular risk.
THE ROLE OF CD200/CD200R INTERACTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN TRANSPLANTATION AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Arefieva A. S. , Babayan A. A. , Stepanova E. O. , Dontsova T. V. , Pavlovich S. V. , Krechetova L. V. , Nikolaeva M. A. 
Published: December 2018

The transmembrane CD200 glycoprotein belongs to the immunoglobulin family and it is widely represented on a variety of cell types, while its structurally similar CD200R receptor is expressed, mainly, on myeloid and lymphoid cells. An immunomodulatory role of CD200 and CD200R interaction is to activate the intracellular inhibitory cascade of reactions, leading to suppression of effector immune cells and attenuation of the inflammatory process. Thus, the CD200R activation stimulates the differentiation of naive T cells to regulatory T cells, increasing the indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, and enhances the synthesis of IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines, contributing to development of a Th2-dependent anti-inflammatory environment. These immune regulatory events provide the development of immune tolerance and are required for controlling the development of autoimmune processes, hypersensitivity, engraftment of transplanted organs and tissues, as well as protecting the fetus from spontaneous abortion. Tolerogenic potential of interaction between CD200 and CD200R molecules can be effectively used for treatment of various diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies). In this review, we will address the role of CD200/CD200R interactions in stimulating the post-transplant engraftment and protecting a fetus from spontaneous abortion. Many in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested a key role of CD200/CD200R interaction in immune maintenance of both processes.
IMMUNOREGULATORY IMBALANCE AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE HEART IN THE PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Authors: Kologrivova I. V. , Suslova T. E. , Vinnitskaya I. V. , Koshelskaya O. A. , Boshchenko A. A. , Trubacheva O. A. 
Published: December 2018

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the most important non-infectious diseases in the modern world, being an important risk factor of cardiovascular disorders. Changes in left ventricular myocardial diastolic function are observed in diabetic patients independently from other comorbidities. Etiology of the heart failure during diabetes mellitus type 2 is multifactorial, exhibiting cellular, molecular and metabolic aspects. However, its pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate numbers of inflammatory T lymphocytes, i.e., T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, and FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes, depending on the functional state of the heart assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. A total of twenty-five patients with a combination of arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2, and 14 patients with arterial hypertension without carbohydrate disturbances were recruited to a cross-ectional case-control study. All the patients underwent echocardiography with transthoracic access at the M-mode, B-mode and Doppler mode of imaging. We evaluated numbers of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes by intracellular production of IL-17 and IFNγ by CD4+ lymphocytes, respectively. The numbers of FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes were estimated by expression of CD25 and FoxP3 transcription factor. A flow cytometry approach was used in both cases. We revealed some correlations between the numbers of Th17 lymphocytes, FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes and functional parameters of myocardium in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, which were absent in patientswithout carbohydrate impairments. The numbers of FoxP3+T egulatory lymphocytes, Treg/Th17 lymphocyte ratio, and mean fluorescence intensity of IL-17 for Th17 cells was lower in patients with diabetes mellitus and diastolic dysfunction compared to the patients with diabetes free of diastolic dysfunction. Association of diastolic dysfunction with diabetes mellitus type 2 was accompanied by increase of IFNγ+Th1 lymphocyte numbers and concentrations of IL-10, IFNγ and TNFα in serum as compared to the patients with diastolic dysfunction in the absence of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances. The diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction were characterized by hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, higher index of insulin resistance, increase of waist circumference and visceral adiposity index when compared to the patients with diastolic dysfunction without diabetes. Visceral obesity and decrease of insulin sensitivity may be regarded as pathogenetically significant factors for the development of immune regulatory imbalance and diastolic dysfunction in the patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPARISONS IN Th- DEPENDENT IMMUNE RESPONSE MECHANISMS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Kalinina E. P. , Vitkina T. I. , Knyshova V. V. , Fedoseeva E. A. , Novgorodtseva T. P. , Gvozdenko T. A. 
Published: December 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem. Studies in immunological features and their correlations with clinical course of COPD are of importance. The aim of this study was to elucidate clinical and immunological features in COPD of different severity grade, concerning Th1- and Тh17-dependent types of immune response.The study included 132 COPD patients and 32 healthy individuals. According to clinical and functional patterns, the patients with COPD were divided into 3 groups, i.e., 36 cases (28%) of mild severity; 62 individuals (48%), of moderate severity, and 30 patients (23%) of severe clinical grade. We have performed both clinical and immunological evaluation of the patients. The Th1- and Th17-specific lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed according to the serum levels of cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, IFNγ, as well as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). We have also determined expression of IL-6R receptor (CD126+) on mature T lymphocytes (CD3+) and T helper cells (CD4+) from peripheral blood. We have obtained the following results: the patients with mild-grade COPD exhibited three different T cell phenotypes were determined, with a prevalence of Th1-dependent immune response. The IL-6R were mostly expressed on CD3+CD126+ cells for the Th1/Th17 phenotype, and CD4+CD126+ cells in cases of Th17-dependent type immune response. In patients with COPD of moderate severity, the Th1, Th17, or Th1/Th17 types of immune response was revealed at similar rates. The level of IL-6R expression on mature T lymphocytes and T-helper cells increased to the greatest extent in cases of Th17-dependent immune response. In severe COPD patients, we have found a dominance of Th17 and Th1/Th17 type immune response. The levels of IL-6R expressionwere increased in Th17- and Th1/Th17-dependent types of immune response, the most significant increase was observed for CD4+ cells in Th17 phenotype. Clinical features of COPD proved to be associated with the phenotypes of immune response. These results allow of specifying the inflammatory phenotype, predicting the course of chronic disease, and selecting appropriate therapy.
TÜRKİYE AZERBAYCAN DIŞ TİCARET HACMİ VE CARİ AÇIK: AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: DURMUŞ Savaş 
Published: December 2018

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği (SSCB)’nin uyguladığı sosyalist ekonomik sistem, merkezi bir planlama sayesinde birliği oluşturan ülkeler arasında sosyal, ekonomik, siyasi ve askeri ilişkilerin bir düzen dahilinde yürümesini sağlamaktaydı. Bu Sosyalist ekonomik ve idari sistemin çökmesi SSCB’nin parçalanması ile sonuçlanmıştır. SSCB’nin dağılması sonucunda 1991 yılında bağımsızlığını ilan eden Azerbaycan serbest piyasa ekonomi modelini benimsemiştir. Yeni ekonomik modelin uygulanması sürecinde ülke ciddi ekonomik problemlerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bunun temel nedenleri arasında ülkenin yeterli altyapıya, teknolojik ve ekonomik güce sahip olmayışıdır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye ile Azerbaycan arasında yapılan ticarette ihracatın ithalatı karşılama oranı (DTH) ile Türkiye’nin cari açığı arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğunu 1996 Ocak-2017 Eylül dönemine ait aylık veriler kullanarak istatistiksel olarak ortaya koymaktır. Analizde değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin varlığı VAR (Vektör Otoregresif) modeli ve Granger Nedensellik (Granger Causality) testi ile araştırılmıştır. Ampirik bulguların sonuçları cari açıktan ticaret haddine doğru tek taraflı ve pozitif bir nedensellik ilişkisinin söz konusu olduğunu göstermektedir.
Editorial
Authors: Arxiu Revista 
Published: December 2018

Teniu a les vostres mans el número 17 de la Revista Arxiu d’Etnografia de Catalunya. En aquesta ocasió a l’apartat Articles presentem cinc excel·lents treballs producte d’investigacions fetes pels nostres estudiants de màster. A l’apartat Col·laboracions tenim la possibilitat de gaudir dels articles escrits per Pilar Monreal (UAM), Miguel González i Luis Calvo (IMF-CSIC). Finalment a l’apartat Ressenyes, la investigadora Isabel Ferrándiz ressenya l’obra de Josep Martí i Laura Porzio Cuerpos y agencia en la arena social; Montserrat Soronellas ho fa de l’obra del professor Joan Prat La nostalgia de los orígenes. Chamanes, gnósticos, monjes y místicos; i Yolanda Bodoque la del llibre del professor Honorio Velasco i Carmen Caro De Julián a Julio y de Julio a Julián. Correspondencia entre Julio Caro Baroja y Julian Pitt Rivers (1949-1991). A Notes de Recerca la investigadora Verónica Anzil explica el projecte en curs Roles de Género e interculturalidad de las parejas mixtes en España: una investigación cualitativa longitudinal (IP Jordi Roca i Girona); i, finalment, la investigadora (i IP) Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz presenta la seva recerca sobre La precarización de la vida cotidiana: (in)seguridad alimentaria, genero y salud.
RITUAIS DE INTERAÇÃO E EMOÇÕES EM ATIVIDADE INVESTIGATIVA COM CRIANÇAS.
Authors: Saucedo Kellys Regina Rodio , João Herbert Alexandre , Chaim Daniel Faria , Pietrocola Maurício 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das interações de natureza emocional durante a realização de uma atividade investigativa, denominada “o problema do submarino”, à luz da microssociologia das emoções de Randall Collins (2004). O construto teórico cunhado pelo autor possibilitou um novo roteiro de análise interpretativa das interações entre alunos de 4º do Ensino Fundamental envolvidos na resolução de um problema do Conhecimento Físico. Os momentos aqui analisados, com base na metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa denominada investigação orientada por evento foram definidos inicialmente pela visualização individual dos aspectos salientes da filmagem e, posteriormente, estes foram confirmados pelos pesquisadores envolvidos com o estudo. Identificamos nas interações entre os alunos o efeito de solidariedade grupal, associado nesse caso ao estado emocional positivo compartilhado entre os participantes, que tinham por objetivo a solução do problema de imersão e de submersão do submarino. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de observar o processo de aprendizagem em ciências também pelo viés das emoções e nos encoraja a considerar estas categorias de análise na pesquisa educacional.