bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Known About Preventing, Detecting, and Reversing Prescribing Cascades: A Scoping Review
Authors: Brath Hana , Mehta Nishila , Savage Rachel D. , Gill Sudeep S. , Wu Wei , Bronskill Susan E. , Zhu Lynn , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Rochon Paula A. 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVESTo systematically describe the resources available on preventing, detecting, and reversing prescribing cascades using a scoping review methodology.MEASUREMENTSWe searched Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Sociological Abstracts from inception until July 2017. Other searches (Google Scholar, hand searches) and expert consultations were performed for resources examining how to prevent, detect, or reverse prescribing cascades. We used these three categories along the prescribing continuum as an organizing framework to categorize and synthesize resources.RESULTSOf 369 resources identified, 58 met inclusion criteria; 29 of these were categorized as preventing, 20 as detecting, and 9 as reversing prescribing cascades. Resources originated from 14 countries and mostly focused on older adults. The goal of preventing resources was to educate and increase general awareness of the concept of prescribing cascades as a way to prevent inappropriate prescribing and to illustrate application of the concept to specific drugs (e.g., anticholinergics) and conditions (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease). Detecting resources included original investigations or case reports that identified prescribing cascades using health administrative data, patient cohorts, and novel sources such as social media. Reversing prescribing cascade resources focused on the medication review process and deprescribing initiatives.CONCLUSIONPrescribing cascades are a recognized problem internationally. By learning from the range of resources to prevent, detect, and reverse prescribing cascades, this review contributes to improving drug prescribing, especially in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2079–2085, 2018.
Adaptation and Initial Validation of Minimum Data Set (MDS) Mortality Risk Index to MDS Version 3.0
Authors: Niznik Joshua D. , Zhang Song , Mor Maria K. , Zhao Xinhua , Ersek Mary , Aspinall Sherrie L. , Gellad Walid F. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Hanlon Joseph T. , Schleiden Loren J. , Springer Sydney , Thorpe Carolyn T. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the predictive validity of an adapted version of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) Mortality Risk Index—Revised (MMRI‐R) based on MDS version 3.0 assessment items (MMRI‐v3) and to compare the predictive validity of the MMRI‐v3 with that of a single MDS item indicating limited life expectancy (LLE).DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional study of MDS assessments. Other data sources included the Veterans Affairs (VA) Residential History File and Vital Status File.SettingVA nursing homes (NHs).ParticipantsVeterans aged 65 and older newly admitted to VA NHs between July 1, 2012, and September 30, 2015.MeasurementsThe dependent variable was death within 6 months of admission date. Independent variables included MDS items used to calculate MMRI‐v3 scores (renal failure, chronic heart failure, sex, age, dehydration, cancer, unintentional weight loss, shortness of breath, activity of daily living scale, poor appetite, acute change in mental status) and the MDS item indicating LLE.ResultsThe predictive ability of the MMRI‐v3 for 6‐month mortality (c‐statistic 0.81) is as good as that of the original MMRI‐R (c‐statistic 0.76). Scores generated using the MMRI‐v3 had greater predictive ability than that of the single MDS indicator for LLE (c‐statistic 0.76); using the 2 together resulted in greater predictive ability (c‐statistic 0.86).ConclusionThe MMRI‐v3 is a useful tool in research and clinical practice that accurately predicts 6‐month mortality in veterans residing in Veterans Affairs NHs. Identification of residents with LLE has great utility for studying palliative care interventions and may be helpful in guiding allocation of these services in clinical practice. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2353–2359, 2018.
Nurses’ attitudes, beliefs and practices on sexuality for cardiovascular care: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Panpan , Ai Jiansai , Davidson Patricia M. , Slater Tammy , Du Ruofei , Chen Changying 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe nurses’ attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding sexuality care for patients with cardiovascular disease.BackgroundLimited sexual activity is common among patients with cardiovascular disease, yet assessment of sexuality and counselling is frequently not undertaken by nurses.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThis study recruited 268 cardiac nurses from seven tertiary hospitals in five cities of Henan province. The Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Survey, along with investigator‐developed questions regarding practices and perceived barriers, was administered to the nurses. The STROBE checklist was used to ensure quality reporting during this observational study (see Supporting Information Data S1).ResultsThe average age of nurses who participated was 31.81 years (SD = 7.41). The average score of Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Survey was 47.72 (SD = 7.40), indicating moderate attitudinal barriers for nurses to discuss sexual activities with patients. Most nurses (91%) perceived that sexuality was too private to discuss with patients. Only 20% of nurses expressed that they would provide time to discuss sexual concerns with patients. Eighty per cent of nurses revealed that they felt uncomfortable discussing sexuality; moreover, they believed that hospitalised patients were too sick to be engaged in these types of conversations. Additionally, almost 85% of nurses conveyed that they have never conducted discussions regarding sexuality care in patients with cardiovascular disease. The most frequently reported perceived barriers preventing nurses from discussing sexual concerns included fear of offending patients (77.2%), uncertainty of how to communicate with patients (69.4%), feelings of embarrassment (67.5%), lack of safe and private environments (61.9%) and lack of knowledge (54.9%).ConclusionNurses in this cross‐sectional sample rarely discussed sexual concerns with their patients. There were several key barriers identified by nurses regarding providing sexuality care, including personal attitudes and beliefs, limited skills and knowledge, culture and organizational‐related barriers.Relevance to clinical practiceTargeted training for nurses and creating a culturally safe environment is recommended to improve management of sexuality in patients with CVD.
After Heidegger and Marion: The Task of Christian Metaphysics Today
Authors: Betz John R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWithout denying legitimate criticisms of metaphysics that have been made since the time of the Reformation, the purpose of this essay is to challenge prevailing assumptions in continental philosophy and theology since Heidegger that the age of metaphysics is now over and should be replaced as “first philosophy” either by some version of phenomenology, such as that offered by Jean‐Luc Marion, or by a pragmatic linguistic approach in the spirit of Wittgenstein, such as that offered by Kevin Hector. Notwithstanding the genuine merits of their proposals and concerns, it is argued here that metaphysics is not so easily dismissed, and that there is, in fact, a way to do metaphysics otherwise – a way that was taken by Erich Przywara, whose analogical metaphysics is characterized not only by an analogy between God and creation, the analogia entis, but also by an analogy between philosophical and theological metaphysics. In this, form, it is argued, not only is metaphysics impervious to the standard criticisms of “onto‐theology,” it also turns out to be, at its core, nothing other than a Christological metaphysics.
Iliopsoas hematoma as a complication of tetanus
Authors: Ishii Nobuyuki , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Shiomi Kazutaka , Nakazato Masamitsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIliopsoas hematoma is a rare but serious bleeding event that occurs during anticoagulation therapy. Due to lack of previous reports of clinical data, incidence and characteristics of iliopsoas hematoma during tetanus management, including anticoagulation prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism, remain unclear.AimTo evaluate the incidence of iliopsoas hematoma in tetanus and identify clinical factors that would help in its detection.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive study and evaluated the clinical courses of patients with iliopsoas hematoma as a case series. Patient data were collected by reviewing medical charts.ResultsAmong 21 patients, four (19%) developed iliopsoas hematoma during the clinical course of tetanus. A case series of these four patients revealed that all had progressive anemia; furthermore, D‐dimer levels continued increasing or did not decrease in these patients despite them receiving anticoagulation therapy.ConclusionThe incidence of tetanus‐related iliopsoas hematoma was higher than that of anticoagulation‐related iliopsoas hematoma. Therefore, clinicians should carefully consider the indication of prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients with tetanus. Progressive anemia and increased D‐dimer level may indicate iliopsoas hematoma in patients with tetanus.
Pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of Kawasaki disease: An update for the pediatric dermatologist
Authors: Vervoort Dominique , Donné Marieke , Van Gysel Dirk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKawasaki disease is easily diagnosed when it presents in its complete form, but because not all characteristic symptoms are always present at the same time, and the diagnosis of incomplete and atypical Kawasaki disease is often challenging, a delay in diagnosis or misdiagnosis often occurs. We present the diagnostic approach to Kawasaki disease with common pitfalls and explain how to avoid them. We also describe current practice and new trends in treatment.
Usefulness of the skin biopsy as a tool in the diagnosis of silvery hair syndrome
Authors: Ridaura‐Sanz Cecilia , Durán‐McKinster Carola , Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramón 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSilvery hair syndrome is a rare, autosomal‐recessive entity characterized by silvery gray hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes and may be associated or not with immunologic or neurologic alterations. Two main types have been recognized: Chediak‐Higashi syndrome and Griscelli syndrome. Hair shaft examination under light microscopy has been a useful tool to differentiate Chediak‐Higashi syndrome from Griscelli syndrome, although distribution of melanin varies according to hair color related to ethnicity. The objective was to compare the pattern of melanin in the skin and with the pattern of melanin distribution in the hair shaft.MethodsSixteen patients with silvery hair syndrome were selected (Chediak‐Higashi syndrome 5, Griscelli syndrome 11). The distribution of melanin granules in skin and hair shafts was compared and correlated with clinical diagnoses.ResultsChediak‐Higashi syndrome was characterized by small granules of melanin uniformly distributed throughout the thickness of the epidermis. Griscelli syndrome was characterized by an irregular pigment distribution in the epidermal basal layer with large and dense granules alternating with areas lacking melanin pigment. In two cases, study of the hair was not conclusive, but the skin showed the characteristic pattern of Griscelli syndrome.ConclusionSkin biopsy is a useful tool in differentiating Chediak‐Higashi syndrome from Griscelli syndrome and as a complementary study in cases in which hair shaft pigment distribution does not support the diagnosis, especially in patients with fair hair. The distribution of melanin granules in the skin correlates with that observed in the hair shaft, allowing Chediak‐Higashi syndrome to be differentiated from Griscelli syndrome, at any age.
Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV‐1 infection in a girl from Trinidad: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Weiler Nicole , Mayer Erick F. , Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Bamgbola Oluwatoyin F. , Banniettis Natalie , Heilman Edward , Glick Sharon A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInfective dermatitis (ID) associated with Human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1 (HTLV‐1) is a rare form of severe superinfected eczema seen mostly in the Caribbean islands and Latin America. Although rapid response to antibiotic treatment is observed, patients should be monitored for development of complications associated with this retroviral infection, including T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV‐1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Infective dermatitis is rarely seen in the United States and therefore may be under‐recognized by physicians unfamiliar with this condition. Herein, we present an additional case report of an ID associated with HTLV‐1 in an 11‐year‐old girl from Trinidad.
Application of Dirofilaria immitis immunoreactive proteins in serodiagnosis
Authors: Khanmohammadi Majid , Falak Reza , Meamar Ahmad Reza , Razmjou Elham , Mokhtarian Kobra , Arshadi Mehdi , Shayanfar Nasrin , Akhlaghi Lame 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDirofilariasis is a zoonotic global vector‐borne disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. The present study focuses on the somatic and excretory/secretory (E/S) proteins released from adult D. immitis. We aimed to fractionate and identify adult D. immitis immunoreactive proteins. Somatic and E/S extracts were immunoblotted to identify the immunoreactive proteins. In the current study, we used matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/MS) to characterize the immunogenic proteins. Additionally, we used fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) to fractionate and evaluate the immunogenicity of the D. immitis secretome. The most immunoreactive proteins were between 10 and 48 kDa. Six proteins including polyprotein antigen, P22u, pepsin inhibitor Dit33, neutrophil chemotactic factor (DiNCF) precursor, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70) were found in both somatic and E/S extracts. Eluting the FPLC column with NaCl resolved two peaks in which the immunoreactivities of the purified proteins were conserved. Characterization of these proteins could provide a novel perspective for understanding the pathogenesis and diagnosing of this disease.
Income inequality among minority farmers in China: Does social capital have a role?
Authors: Liu Lin , Paudel Krishna P. , Li Guanghao , Lei Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe used recently available household panel data collected by China's National Bureau of Statistics to examine the effects of natural, human, material, and social capital on income inequality among minority farmers in China's Xinjiang Province between 2011 and 2012. Results obtained from panel quantile regression and correlated random effects’ models show that income inequality and the poverty of ethnic farmers have been decreasing to some extent. Results also indicated that human capital exacerbates income inequality among the minorities, whereas the effect of natural capital on income inequality is not evident. Social and material capital reduce income inequality among ethnic minorities. Results from the decomposition of the Gini coefficient indicate that material and social capital contribute to a substantial majority of the income inequality in the region.
Cambrian wave‐dominated tidal‐flat deposits, central Wisconsin, USA
Authors: MacNaughton Robert B. , Hagadorn James W. , Dott Robert H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn central Wisconsin, Cambrian strata of the Elk Mound Group record deposition on open‐coast, wave‐dominated tidal flats. Mature, medium‐grained quartz arenite is dominated by parallel‐bedding with upper‐flow regime parallel‐lamination, deposited during high‐energy storms that also produced three‐dimensional bedforms on the flats. Abundant wave ripples were produced as storms waned or during fair weather, in water depths ≤2 m. Indicators of variably shallow water (washout structures and stranded cnidarian medusae) and subaerial exposure (adhesion marks, rain‐drop impressions and desiccation cracks, including cracked medusae) are abundant. Parallel‐bedded facies preserve a Cruziana ichnofacies, similar to other Cambrian tidal‐flat deposits. Flats were dissected by small, mainly straight channels, the floors of which were grazed intensely by molluscs. Most channels were ephemeral but some developed low levées, point bars and cut‐banks, probably reflecting stabilization by abundant microbial mats and biofilms. Channels were filled with trough cross‐bedding that is interpreted to have been produced mainly during storm runoff. The strata resemble deposits of open‐coast, wave‐dominated tidal flats on the east coast of India and west coast of Korea. Ancient wave‐dominated and open‐coast tidal flats documented to date appear to have been limited to mud‐rich strata with ‘classic’ tidal indicators such as flaser bedding and tidal bundles. The Cambrian (Miaolingian to early Furongian) Elk Mound Group demonstrates that sandy, wave‐dominated tidal flats also can be recognized in the stratigraphic record.
Oxytocin can regulate myometrial smooth muscle excitability by inhibiting the Na+‐activated K+ channel, Slo2.1
Authors: Ferreira Juan J. , Butler Alice , Stewart Richard , Gonzalez‐Cota Ana Laura , Lybaert Pascale , Amazu Chinwendu , Reinl Erin L. , Wakle‐Prabagaran Monali , Salkoff Lawrence , England Sarah K. , Santi Celia M. 
Published: October 2018

Key points
At the end of pregnancy, the uterus transitions from a quiescent state to a highly contractile state. This transition requires that the uterine (myometrial) smooth muscle cells increase their excitability, although how this occurs is not fully understood.
We identified SLO2.1, a potassium channel previously unknown in uterine smooth muscle, as a potential significant contributor to the electrical excitability of myometrial smooth muscle cells.
We found that activity of the SLO2.1 channel is negatively regulated by oxytocin via Gαq‐protein‐coupled receptor activation of protein kinase C. This results in depolarization of the uterine smooth muscle cells and calcium entry, which may contribute to uterine contraction.
These findings provide novel insights into a previously unknown mechanism by which oxytocin may act to modulate myometrial smooth muscle cell excitability. Our findings also reveal a new potential pharmacological target for modulating uterine excitability.
AbstractDuring pregnancy, the uterus transitions from a quiescent state to a more excitable contractile state. This is considered to be at least partly a result of changes in the myometrial smooth muscle cell (MSMC) resting membrane potential. However, the ion channels controlling the myometrial resting membrane potential and the mechanism of transition to a more excitable state have not been fully clarified. In the present study, we show that the sodium‐activated, high‐conductance, potassium leak channel, SLO2.1, is expressed and active at the resting membrane potential in MSMCs. Additionally, we report that SLO2.1 is inhibited by oxytocin binding to the oxytocin receptor. Inhibition of SLO2.1 leads to membrane depolarization and activation of voltage‐dependent calcium channels, resulting in calcium influx. The results of the present study reveal that oxytocin may modulate MSMC electrical activity by inhibiting SLO2.1 potassium channels.
Clinical and Microbiological Aspects ofTrichomonas vaginalis
Authors: Petrin Dino , Delgaty Kiera , Bhatt Renuka , Garber Gary 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYTrichomonas vaginalis, a parasitic protozoan, is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD) of worldwide importance. Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral STD, and it is associated with many perinatal complications, male and female genitourinary tract infections, and an increased incidence of HIV transmission. Diagnosis is difficult, since the symptoms of trichomoniasis mimic those of other STDs and detection methods lack precision. Although current treatment protocols involving nitroimidazoles are curative, metronidazole resistance is on the rise, outlining the need for research into alternative antibiotics. Vaccine development has been limited by a lack of understanding of the role of the host immune response to T. vaginalis infection. The lack of a good animal model has made it difficult to conduct standardized studies in drug and vaccine development and pathogenesis. Current work on pathogenesis has focused on the host-parasite relationship, in particular the initial events required to establish infection. These studies have illustrated that the pathogenesis of T. vaginalis is indeed very complex and involves adhesion, hemolysis, and soluble factors such as cysteine proteinases and cell-detaching factor. T. vaginalis interaction with the members of the resident vaginal flora, an advanced immune evasion strategy, and certain stress responses enable the organism to survive in its changing environment. Clearly, further research and collaboration will help elucidate these pathogenic mechanisms, and with better knowledge will come improved disease control.
CampylobacterSpecies and Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Nachamkin Irving , Allos Ban Mishu , Ho Tony 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYSince the eradication of polio in most parts of the world, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. GBS is an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by weakness, usually symmetrical, evolving over a period of several days or more. Since laboratories began to isolate Campylobacter species from stool specimens some 20 years ago, there have been many reports of GBS following Campylobacter infection. Only during the past few years has strong evidence supporting this association developed. Campylobacter infection is now known as the single most identifiable antecedent infection associated with the development of GBS. Campylobacter is thought to cause this autoimmune disease through a mechanism called molecular mimicry, whereby Campylobacter contains ganglioside-like epitopes in the lipopolysaccharide moiety that elicit autoantibodies reacting with peripheral nerve targets. Campylobacter is associated with several pathologic forms of GBS, including the demyelinating (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) and axonal (acute motor axonal neuropathy) forms. Different strains of Campylobacter as well as host factors likely play an important role in determining who develops GBS as well as the nerve targets for the host immune attack of peripheral nerves. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about the clinical, epidemiological, pathogenetic, and laboratory aspects of campylobacter-associated GBS.