bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Atomic Circus: Small Electron Beams Spotlight Advanced Materials Down to the Atomic Scale
Authors: Wu Haijun , Zhao Xiaoxu , Guan Cao , Zhao Li‐Dong , Wu Jiagang , Song Dongsheng , Li Changjian , Wang John , Loh Kian Ping , Venkatesan Thirumalai V. , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDefects in crystalline materials have a tremendous impact on their functional behavior. Controlling and tuning of these imperfections can lead to marked improvements in their physical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Thanks to the development of aberration‐corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM/TEM), direct visualization of defects at multiple length scales has now become possible, including those critically important defects at the atomic scale. Thorough understanding of the nature and dynamics of these defects is the key to unraveling the fundamental origins of structure–property relationships. Such insight can therefore allow the creation of new materials with desired properties through appropriate defect engineering. Herein, several examples of new insights obtained from representative functional materials are shown, including piezoelectrics/ferroelectrics, oxide interfaces, thermoelectrics, electrocatalysts, and 2D materials.
Full‐Parameter Omnidirectional Thermal Metadevices of Anisotropic Geometry
Authors: Han Tiancheng , Yang Peng , Li Ying , Lei Dangyuan , Li Baowen , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the advent of transformation optics and scattering cancelling technology, a plethora of unprecedented metamaterials, especially invisibility cloaks, have been successfully demonstrated in various communities, e.g., optics, acoustics, elastic mechanics, dc electric field, dc magnetic field, and thermotics. A long‐held captivation is that transformation‐optic metamaterials of anisotropic or noncentrosymmetric geometry (e.g., ellipsoids) commonly come along with parameter approximation/simplification or directional functions. Here, a synthetic paradigm with strictly full parameters and omnidirectionality is reported simultaneously to address this long‐held issue for molding heat flow and experimentally demonstrate a series of noncentrosymmetric thermal metadevices. It changes the usual perception that transformation thermotic/dc/acoustic metamaterials are just a direct and simplified derivatives of the transformation‐optic counterpart. Instead, the proposed methodology solves an intriguingly important and challenging problem that is not possibly achievable for transformation‐optic metamaterials. The approach is rigorous, exact, robust, and yet elegantly facile, which may open a new avenue to manipulating the Laplacian and wave‐dynamic fields in ways previously inconceivable.
Highly Efficient Synthesis and Assay of Protein‐Imprinted Nanogels by Using Magnetic Templates
Authors: Mahajan Rashmi , Rouhi Mona , Shinde Sudhirkumar , Bedwell Thomas , Incel Anil , Mavliutova Liliia , Piletsky Sergey , Nicholls Ian A. , Sellergren Börje 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report an approach integrating the synthesis of protein‐imprinted nanogels (“plastic antibodies”) with a highly sensitive assay employing templates attached to magnetic carriers. The enzymes trypsin and pepsin were immobilized on amino‐functionalized solgel‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (magNPs). Lightly crosslinked fluorescently doped polyacrylamide nanogels were subsequently produced by high‐dilution polymerization of monomers in the presence of the magNPs. The nanogels were characterised by a novel competitive fluorescence assay employing identical protein‐conjugated nanoparticles as ligands to reversibly immobilize the corresponding nanogels. Both nanogels exhibited Kd<10 pM for their respective target protein and low cross‐reactivity with five reference proteins. This agrees with affinities reported for solid‐phase‐synthesized nanogels prepared using low‐surface‐area glass‐bead supports. This approach simplifies the development and production of plastic antibodies and offers direct access to a practical bioassay.
Cationic Amphiphiles Induce Macromolecule Denaturation and Organelle Decomposition in Pathogenic Yeast
Authors: Jaber Qais Z. , Benhamou Raphael I. , Herzog Ido M. , Ben Baruch Bar , Fridman Micha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCationic amphiphiles are a large and diverse class of antimicrobial agents. Although their mode of action is not fully resolved, it is generally accepted that these antimicrobials perturb the structural integrity of the plasma membrane leading to the microbial cell disruption. Here we report on the development of inherently fluorescent antifungal cationic amphiphiles and on the study of their effects on cells of Candida, one of the most common fungal pathogens in humans. Fluorescent images of Candida yeast cells that express a fluorescent reporter protein revealed that the cationic amphiphiles rapidly accumulated in the cytosol and led to structural changes in proteins and DNA. Using fluorescent organelle‐specific dyes, we showed that these antifungal agents also caused organelle disassembly in Candida cells. The results of this study indicate that, in designing antifungal cationic amphiphiles for clinical use, the intracellular activities of these molecules must be addressed to avoid undesired side effects to mammalian cells.
Die Thermodynamik von insertionselektrochemischen Elektroden – ein Mannschaftsspiel über zwei separate Grenzflächen
Authors: Scholz Fritz , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInsertionselektrochemische Elektroden zeichnen sich durch einen simultanen Übergang von Elektronen und Ionen aus, wobei beide Übergänge durch getrennte Grenzflächen erfolgen. Hier wird die Thermodynamik der Gesamtreaktion mit Rücksicht auf die Thermodynamik beider Übertragungsgleichgewichte diskutiert. Die Übersicht umfasst Systeme, bei denen die Redoxzentren in einer festen Phase sind und Ionen zwischen dieser Phase und der Lösung ausgetauscht werden, und auch Systeme, bei denen die Redoxzentren in einer flüssigen Phase gelöst sind und die Ionen zwischen dieser und einer zweiten, mit der ersten nicht mischbaren flüssigen Phase ausgetauscht werden. Dieser Kurzaufsatz verfolgt auch das Ziel, analoge Untersuchungen an Batteriematerialien zu initiieren, um deren Eigenschaften zu verbessern.
Homo‐ and Heteroligand Poly‐NHC Metal Assemblies: Synthesis by Narcissistic and Social Self‐Sorting
Authors: Wang Yi‐Shou , Feng Ting , Wang Yao‐Yu , Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Han Ying‐Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHomoleptic and heteroleptic cylinder‐shaped poly‐NHC metallosupramolecular assemblies [Ag3(L)2](BF4)3 have been prepared by control of the shape, size, and electronic properties of disk‐shaped trisimidazolium salts of type H3‐L(BF4)3. Both imidazolium salts with an electron‐deficient triazine backbone H3‐A(BF4)3 or an electron‐rich benzene backbone H3‐D(BF4)3 have been employed. Reaction of H3‐A(BF4)3 or H3‐D(BF4)3 with Ag2O yield trinuclear homoligand complexes [Ag3(L)2](BF4)3 (L=A, D). However, equimolar mixtures of H3‐A(BF4)3 and H3‐D(BF4)3 react with Ag2O under social self‐sorting to give the heteroligand assembly [Ag3(A)(D)](BF4)3. The same heteroligand assembly was obtained by transmetallation from mixtures of complexes [Ag3(A)2](BF4)3 and [Ag3(D)2](BF4)3. The transmetallation from [Ag3(A)(D)](BF4)3 to [Au3(A)(D)](BF4)3 is also demonstrated. The study expands to concepts of narcissistic and social self‐sorting from classical Werner‐type ligands to organometallic NHC chemistry thereby opening new routes for the construction of poly‐NHC metal assemblies with increasing complexity.
Gold(III)‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective and Divergent Synthesis of 2‐Aminopyrroles and Quinoline‐Based Polyazaheterocycles
Authors: Zeng Zhongyi , Jin Hongming , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA facile, site‐selective, and divergent approach to construct 2‐aminopyrroles and quinoline‐fused polyazaheterocycles enabled by a simple gold(III) catalyst from ynamides and anthranils under mild reaction conditions is described. This one‐pot strategy uses readily available starting materials, proceeds in a highly step‐ and atom‐economical manner, with broad substrate scope and scale‐up potential. The key element for success in this tandem reaction is a catalyst‐directed preferred quenching of the in situ generated gold carbene intermediates by a nucleophilic benzyl/2‐furylmethyl moiety on the ynamides as an alternative to the known C−H annulation leading to indoles.
Enantiodivergent Desymmetrization in the Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Annulation of Sulfoximines with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Shen Bingxue , Wan Boshun , Li Xingwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRhIII‐ and IrIII‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H functionalization reactions of arenes have relied on the employment of chiral RhIII/IrIII cyclopentadienyl catalysts, the introduction of chiral carboxylic acids to achiral Cp*RhX2 catalysts, and the integration of both strategies. Despite considerable progress, each reaction only provided a specific configuration of the enantioenriched product when using a particular chiral catalyst. Reported in this work is the enantiodivergent coupling of sulfoximines with various diazo compounds by RhIII‐catalyzed desymmetrizing annulation. The enantiodivergence was enabled by a judicious choice of achiral carboxylic acids, and the enantioselectivity correlates with the steric bias of the carboxylic acid and the sulfoximine.
Enzyme Encapsulation in Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Selective Biodegradation of Harmful Dye Molecules
Authors: Gkaniatsou Effrosyni , Sicard Clémence , Ricoux Rémy , Benahmed Linda , Bourdreux Flavien , Zhang Qi , Serre Christian , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Steunou Nathalie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroperoxidase‐8, a small, peroxidase‐type enzyme was immobilized into nanoparticles of the mesoporous and ultra‐stable metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL‐101(Cr). The immobilized enzyme fully retained its catalytic activity and exhibited enhanced resistance to acidic conditions. The biocatalyst was reusable and showed a long‐term stability. By exploiting the properties of the MOF′s framework, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the MOF matrix could act in synergy with the enzyme (Microperoxidase‐8) and enhance selectivity the oxidation reaction of dyes. The oxidation rate of the harmful negatively charged dye (methyl orange) was significantly increased after enzyme immobilization, probably as a result of the pre‐concentration of the methyl orange reactant owing to a charge matching between this dye and the MOF.
Context dependency in the effect of Ulva‐induced loss of seagrass cover on estuarine macrobenthic abundance and biodiversity
Authors: Barnes Richard S.K. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

An extensive area of seagrass covering the shore of part of the South African estuary ranked highest in overall national conservation and biodiversity importance (the Knysna estuarine bay) was killed by a series of seasonal green‐tidal blankets of Ulva starting in the late austral summer of 2015, leaving bare muddy sediment. An earlier (2011) survey of then seagrass macrobenthic assemblages at 27 stations along over 1 km of that shore was exactly repeated in 2018 after this event.
After loss of seagrass, intertidal macrofauna became significantly less speciose (1:0.61), spatially and systematically more uniform (1:1.30 and 1:1.63), but more (not the usual less) abundant (0.62:1). Assemblage composition also changed, with polychaete numbers (small nereidids, spionids, fabriciids and an endemic paraonid) increasing from <50% of total macrofaunal individuals to >90% (although cirratulids decreased), whereas small malacostracan crustaceans (except the amphipod Grandidierella sp.) and microgastropods diminished to insignificant levels—microgastropods for reasons possibly unconnected with the green tide.
Comparison with areas not vegetated in 2014, however, indicated that although macrofaunal abundance was greater in the 2018 Ulva‐induced bare areas, levels of per unit area biodiversity (number of species, species and taxonomic diversity per station) were comparable. This suggests that the effect of local loss of seagrass cover is context dependent, particularly with regard to pre‐existing local seagrass versus adjacent bare‐sediment differentials, and does not necessarily lead to any “degraded” state.
Decreased local importance of small malacostracans may severely impact the region's usage by the adult and juvenile fish for which it is an important nursery and feeding ground.
Curcumin Ameliorates Memory Deficits by Enhancing Lactate Content and MCT2 Expression in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lu Wei‐Tian , Sun Shan‐Quan , Li Yu , Xu Shi‐Ye , Gan Sheng‐Wei , Xu Jin , Qiu Guo‐Ping , Zhuo Fei , Huang Si‐Qin , Jiang Xu‐Li , Huang Juan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCurcumin is a natural product with several anti‐Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuroprotective properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on memory deficits, lactate content, and monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) in APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were used in the present study. Spatial learning and memory of the mice was detected using Morris water‐maze test. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus lactate contents were detected using lactate assay. MCT2 expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results showed that spatial learning and memory deficits were improved in curcumin‐treated APP/PS1 mouse group compared with those in APP/PS1 mice group. Brain lactate content and MCT2 protein level were increased in curcumin‐treated APP/PS1 mice than in APP/PS1 mice. In summary, our findings indicate that curcumin could ameliorate memory impairments in APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. This phenomenon may be at least partially due to its improving effect on the lactate content and MCT2 protein expression in the brain. Anat Rec, 302:332–338, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RETRACTED: Physcion 8‐O‐β‐Glucopyranoside Exerts Anti‐Tumor Activity Against Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting PPARγ
Authors: Du Youyi , Lv Zhuqing , Sun Debin , Li Yuan , Sun Lei , Zhou Jiafeng 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTLung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related mortality. The present study is designed to investigate whether a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound, physcion 8‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (PG) could exert anti‐cancer activity against non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Expressions of marker proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. To examine the role of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ) in PG‐induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, PPARγ was knockdown using siRNA. In addition, a xenograft model was established to investigate the effect of PG in vivo. The results showed that PG markedly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cell lines A549 and H358. The anti‐tumor effect of PG in NSCLC cells was mediated by upregulation of PPARγ. Besides, in NSCLC cell lines, the anti‐cancer activity of PG was also examined in the xenograft mice model, which showed that PG could significantly reduce tumor burden and activate apoptotic signaling. Our results demonstrated that PG can be regarded as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:785–793, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reinigbare und chemisch beständige Schallabsorber
Authors: Bay Karlheinz , Schmohl Andreas , Brandstätt Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn modernen energieeffizienten Heizungsanlagen mit geringer Abgastemperatur kondensiert der beim Verbrennungsvorgang entstandene Wasserdampf im Abgasstrang und bildet in Verbindung mit den Abgasen korrosives Kondensat. Das Absorbermaterial für Abgasschalldämpfer muss somit akustische Eigenschaften mit chemischer Beständigkeit verbinden. Gemeinsam mit einem Hersteller von Abgasschalldämpfern und einem Hersteller von PTFE‐Produkten wurde ein Schallabsorber entwickelt, der über die integralen Eigenschaften Kondensatbeständigkeit, Schallabsorption mittlerer und hoher Frequenzen, Reinigbarkeit und Wiederverwendbarkeit verfügt. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse des hierzu durchgeführten Forschungsvorhabens [1, 2] vor. Ausgehend von der Materialauswahl wird der Ansatz für eine nachhaltige Lösung des akustischen, ökologischen und letztlich auch ökonomischen Problems dargestellt. Im Labormaßstab wurden Muster von Absorbern erstellt und chemische sowie akustische Eigenschaften ermittelt. Anhand eines Materialmodells werden die Eingangsdaten für ein Absorbermodell abgeleitet. Modellrechnungen werden Messungen gegenübergestellt und diskutiert. Möglichkeiten zur Reinigbarkeit und Wiederverwertung des Schallabsorbers zeigt das Beispiel eines Schalldämpfers für Heizungsanlagen. Über den dargestellten Projektansatz hinaus weisen reinigbare und chemisch beständige Schallabsorber ein erhebliches Transferpotential in andere Marktbereiche wie der Medizintechnik und Lebensmittelindustrie auf.
Ökobilanz – Integration in den Entwurfsprozess
Authors: Gantner Johannes , von Both Petra , Rexroth Karsten , Ebertshäuser Sebastian , Horn Rafael , Jorgji Olivia , Schmid Christian , Fischer Matthias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Methode der Ökobilanzierung bildet seit mehreren Jahren die Grundlage in Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungssystemen wie DGNB und BNB zur Bewertung der Umweltwirkungen von Gebäuden. Bisher werden Gebäudeökobilanzen lediglich als Nachweisinstrument verwendet und nicht planungsbegleitend als Optimierungstool zur Entscheidungsunterstützung. Dies liegt vor allem an dem hohen zeitlichen Aufwand der Erstellung einer Ökobilanz –‐ speziell die Erarbeitung der hierzu notwendigen Datengrundlage. Um diesen zu verringern und so den planungsbegleitenden Einsatz von Gebäudeökobilanzen zu vereinfachen, wurde ein Konzept erarbeitet, das Ökobilanzergebnisse bereits in frühen Planungsphasen auf Basis von LCA Benchmarks und mit unterschiedlichem Detaillierungsgrad ermöglicht. Hierzu wurden der Informationsstand und die jeweilige Fragestellung je Planungsphase auf Basis des Konzeptes der integralen Planung abgeleitet, eine Datenermittlung mittels Building Information Modeling (BIM) angedacht und umgesetzt. Insgesamt wurden somit vier verschiedene Detailebenen entwickelt, die ähnlich der Kostenschätzung von Gebäuden, eine Abschätzung der Umweltwirkungen in unterschiedlichen Konkretisierungsstufen ermöglichen.
Realisierte Potenziale der Energieerzeugungsanlagen in Wohngebäuden im Effizienzhaus Plus Standard
Authors: Bergmann Antje , Erhorn Hans 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Umsetzung eines nahezu klimaneutralen Gebäudebestands in Deutschland wird nur möglich sein, wenn konsequent Schritt für Schritt die Energieeffizienz bei der Errichtung und speziell beim Betrieb der Gebäude und der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Energieverbrauch gestärkt werden. Die neue Gebäudegeneration „Effizienzhaus Plus” bietet dafür einen innovativen Ansatz. Sie unterstützt den konsequenten Wandel vom Energie verbrauchenden zum Energie gewinnenden Gebäude. Das Effizienzhaus Plus ist nicht an eine bestimmte Technologie gebunden, sondern es kann in einem technologieoffenen Ansatz auf vielfältige Weise durch eine intelligente Kombination von energieeffizienten Bautechnologien und erneuerbaren Energiegewinnsystemen realisiert werden. Im Beitrag werden die realisierten Potenziale des gebäudenah photovoltaisch erzeugten Stroms in den Demonstrationsgebäuden der Forschungsinitiative Effizienzhaus Plus des Bundes analysiert. Sie können als Benchmarks für den frühen Gebäudeentwurf dienen.
Digitalisierung und Lehre der Bauphysik
Authors: Mehra Schew‐Ram 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDigitale Technologien durchdringen zunehmend den Alltag der Menschen. Sie bringen Vorteile mit sich, stellen aber gleichzeitig Benutzer vor neue Herausforderungen. Diese neuen Techniken sind auch zu einem wichtigeren Bestandteil der Hochschulausbildung geworden und bieten Möglichkeiten und Chancen, durch die das Lehren und Lernen andere Dimensionen und innovative Formen annehmen. Die akademische Lehre wird dadurch flexibilisiert, zeit‐ und ortsunabhängig und qualitativ verbessert – vorausgesetzt, die digitalen Medien werden methodisch, didaktisch und technisch richtig eingesetzt.Gerade in der Bauphysik sind diese Lehrmethoden sehr gut umsetzbar. Aufgrund zunehmender Nutzeransprüche und steigender funktionaler, umweltbezogener und administrativer Anforderungen an Bauten sowie zunehmende Bauschäden und Fachkräftemangel ist idealerweise eine ganzheitliche bauphysikalische Aus‐ und Weiterbildung erforderlich. Der Lehrstuhl für Bauphysik (heute Institut für Akustik und Bauphysik) der Universität Stuttgart hat bereits seit fast zwanzig Jahren in der Lehre eine Vielzahl von digitalen Entwicklungen durchgeführt, erprobt und umgesetzt. Die Lücke zur Weiterbildung von praktizierenden Ingenieuren und Architekten schließen. „Master Online Bauphysik”, Master Online Akustik und „Klima‐ und Kulturgerechtes Bauen”. Das entwickelte virtuelle Labor stellt einen wichtigen Schritt zu Modernisierung der beruflichen Fort‐ und Weiterbildung dar.
A comparative study of the impact of enhanced input on inclusion at pre‐service and induction phases on the self‐efficacy of beginning teachers to work effectively with children with special educational needs
Authors: Mintz Joseph 
Published: October 2018

There is a well‐founded assumption in the literature that the first year of teaching presents challenges to beginning teachers. However, few studies have looked empirically at how beginning teacher perceptions about teaching ability change from the pre‐service to the novice teacher year. This is particularly the case for inclusive education, where no substantive empirical studies have measured such a change in teacher perceptions across these phases of teacher development. This study tracks changes in the perceived self‐efficacy of teachers in relation to working effectively with children with special educational needs (n = 67) following an inclusion‐enhancement programme in the pre‐service phase and enriched induction on inclusion in the novice teacher phase. The study employed a repeated panel survey design with an intervention and comparison group. A critique is made of the domain specificity of current measures used for considering self‐efficacy for inclusion, and an alternative approach proposed. Results indicate that there were relative gains in self‐efficacy from the start to the end of the pre‐service teacher year due to the enhancement programme, and that these gains were maintained in the novice teacher year. However, there was no evidence that the induction enrichment had any impact on self‐efficacy in this domain. Implications for the timing and intensity of induction for beginning teachers, as well as for future research directions on teacher education, are considered.