bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Dialogic Intervention on a Chinese Rural Teacher and Students' Stances Towards Texts
Authors: Zhong Yiting , Davies Maree , Wilson Aaron 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn language arts classrooms, dialogic teaching encourages diverse text interpretations, fostering discussions that enhance students' literacy skills like reasoning. However, adopting a dialogic stance poses challenges for both teachers and students. The study investigated the impact of a tailor‐made dialogic intervention on a Chinese rural teacher and students' stances towards texts. Chinese rural students shifted from efferent and instrumental stances to a more critical‐analytical stance, indicating a profound change in how rural students interacted with texts through exploratory talk, highlighting the potential of dialogic teaching practices to foster deep engagement with reading materials. However, after the intervention ended, the teacher reverted to a monologic approach due to limited dialogic texts and time constraints. The findings underscore the potential of dialogic teaching for engaging rural students, yet highlight the need for sustained teacher training and suitable texts. Future research should focus on cultivating and maintaining students' growth mindset effectively in rural settings.
Comparative Analysis of Bispecific Antibodies and CAR T‐Cell Therapy in Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Morabito Fortunato , Martino Enrica Antonia , Nizzoli Maria Elena , Talami Annalisa , Pozzi Stefano , Martino Massimo , Neri Antonino , Gentile Massimo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe treatment landscape for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (RR‐FL) is marked by a pivotal debate between chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). While both CAR‐T therapy and BsAbs target similar immunobiology and molecular markers, their efficacy comparisons are hindered by the lack of direct clinical trial comparisons. Key trials, such as the ZUMA‐5 study, underscore axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel)'s efficacy in treating RR‐FL, achieving a 79% complete response rate with a median duration of response exceeding 3 years. Similarly, lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso‐cel) in the TRANSCEND FL study reports a 94% complete response rate, emphasizing robust outcomes in heavily pretreated patients. Among BsAbs, mosunetuzumab showed promise in the GO29781 trial, with a 62% overall response rate in heavily pretreated RR‐FL patients. Thus, CAR‐T therapy offers potential curative benefits with a single infusion. However, its efficacy is tempered by significant adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and cytopenias, requiring specialized management and patient monitoring. In contrast, BsAbs provide a more tolerable treatment option counterbalancing by lower response rates and frequent dosing requirements. Personalized treatment strategies are crucial because of these distinct efficacy and safety profiles. When considering cost‐effectiveness, both therapies need to be evaluated in the context of their clinical outcomes and quality of life improvements. Cost‐effectiveness considerations are essential; while CAR‐T therapies incur higher initial costs, their potential for long‐term remission may mitigate expenses associated with repeated treatments or hospitalizations. Future research into resistance mechanisms and optimal therapeutic sequencing will further refine RR‐FL management strategies.
Investigating Approaches to Controlling Item Position Effects in Computerized Adaptive Tests
Authors: Ma Ye , Harris Deborah J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractItem position effect (IPE) refers to situations where an item performs differently when it is administered in different positions on a test. The majority of previous research studies have focused on investigating IPE under linear testing. There is a lack of IPE research under adaptive testing. In addition, the existence of IPE might violate Item Response Theory (IRT)’s item parameter invariance assumption, which facilitates applications of IRT in various psychometric tasks such as computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Ignoring IPE might lead to issues such as inaccurate ability estimation in CAT. This article extends research on IPE by proposing and evaluating approaches to controlling position effects under an item‐level computerized adaptive test via a simulation study. The results show that adjusting IPE via a pretesting design (approach 3) or a pool design (approach 4) results in better ability estimation accuracy compared to no adjustment (baseline approach) and item‐level adjustment (approach 2). Practical implications of each approach as well as future research directions are discussed as well.
Creep Behavior and Fracture Mechanisms of the Dissimilar Inertia Friction Welded Joints of Deformed and Powder Metallurgy Ni‐Based Superalloys
Authors: Zhang Zixin , Zhao Qiang , Li Xiaoguang , Zhan Rui , Zhang Chunbo , Qin Feng , Liang Hang , Cui Lei , Liu Yongchang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research, the microstructure and precipitate characteristics of the dissimilar inertia friction welded (IFW) joints of deformed and powder metallurgy (PM) nickel‐based superalloys were studied using optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, several creep tests were conducted. The high‐temperature mechanical properties of the IFW joints were systematically analyzed. Under the creep testing condition of 680°C, the specimens exhibited creep fracture at the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of the PM superalloys. Further, the failure lifetime is enhanced with a reduction in the applied creep loading. Owing to the IFW process, various γ′ precipitates and carbide distributions were observed in the various zones of a dissimilar IFW joint. Undissolved powder particle boundary (PPB) defects in the TMAZ of the PM superalloy initiated creep cracks under creep loading. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, the creep fracture mechanisms of the dissimilar IFW joints were revealed. Thus, the findings of this study provide guidance for controlling the microstructures and properties of dissimilar deformed/PM nickel‐based superalloy IFW joints.
Notch signaling pathway suppresses mRNA expression of hexokinase 2 under nutrient‐poor conditions in U87‐MG glioma cells
Authors: Kuwabara Shuhei , Mizoguchi Takamasa , Ma Jiawei , Kanoh Tohgo , Ohta Yuki , Itoh Motoyuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractControl of nutrient homeostasis plays a central role in cell proliferation/survival during embryonic development and tumor growth. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway, a major contributor to cell–cell interactions, is a potential mechanism for cell adaptation to nutrient‐poor conditions. Our previous study also demonstrated that during embryogenesis when nutrients such as glutamine and growth factors are potentially maintained at lower levels, Notch signaling suppresses mRNA expression of hexokinase 2 (hk2), which is a glycolysis‐associated gene, in the central nervous system. However, whether and how the genetic regulation of HK2 via Notch signaling contributes to cellular adaptability to nutrient‐poor environments remains unknown. In this study, we performed gene expression analysis using a U87‐MG human glioma cell line and revealed that under conditions where both glutamine and serum were absent, Notch signaling was activated and HK2 expression was downregulated by Notch signaling. We also found that Notch‐mediated HK2 suppression was triggered in a Notch ligand‐selective manner. Furthermore, HK2 was shown to inhibit cell proliferation of U87‐MG gliomas, which might depend on Notch signaling activity. Together, our findings suggest the involvement of Notch‐mediated HK2 suppression in an adaptive mechanism of U87‐MG glioma cells to nutrient‐poor conditions.
Comparison of risk factors and mortality in veterans with HIV and those without HIV suffering first major acute cardiovascular events
Authors: Hicks William L. , Khalil Suzan , Burke Floyd W. , Ho Minh Quang , Mansi Ishak 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that people with HIV have an increased atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, making them more susceptible to severe cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics of people with HIV in comparison to people without HIV admitted to Veterans Health Administration (VHA) with their first major acute cardiovascular events (MACE) and compare their total mortality.MethodsWe used national VHA data to extract data of those admitted to VHA hospitals with MACE defined as acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or cardiac arrest during the fiscal years 2003–2021. The hazard ratio (HR) of mortality for people with HIV versus people without HIV was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsOut of 280 311 veterans, 2510 people with HIV and 277 801 people without HIV had their first MACE during the study period. People with HIV were younger, more likely to be African American, had a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, similar total cholesterol levels and a lower mean 10‐year cardiovascular risk score (25.4 in people with HIV vs. 28.7 in people without HIV). Among MACE components, people with HIV had a higher proportion of CVA (27% vs. 21.3%, p < 0.001) and cardiac arrest (13.0% vs. 8.4%, p < 0.001) but a lower incidence of AMI (62.4% vs. 72.5%, p < 0.001) than people without HIV. Additionally, people with HIV had a higher risk of total mortality (adjusted HR: 2.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.90–2.22) compared with people without HIV.ConclusionPeople with HIV experience MACE at younger ages despite lower cardiovascular risks and similar baseline cholesterol and blood pressure levels. People with HIV had higher mortality and a higher risk of having ventricular fibrillation arrest and stroke as their first MACE.
Factors Related to Dental Ergonomics Practice Among Indonesian Dentists
Authors: Setiawati Febriana , Hapsari Evania Manda , Khairinisa Safira , Novrinda Herry , Adiatman Melissa , Darwita Risqa Rina 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDentists are at greater risk of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) which can be caused by repetitive movements, improper posture and long working hours. If ergonomic principles are applied in the field of dentistry, they help to prevent occupational ergonomic health hazards and provides more comfort to the dentist and patient.ObjectiveTo obtain information regarding dental ergonomics practice of dentists in Indonesia and its related factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using a purposive sampling method via Google Form to 231 dentists in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia from November to December 2022. The questionnaire consisted of 34 items divided into five sections; socio‐demographic, job characteristics, knowledge of dental ergonomics, attitude towards dental ergonomics and the practice of dentists regarding dental ergonomics. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Pearson Chi‐square Test.Result76.2% dentists have poor dental ergonomics practice. There is a significant relationship (p‐value < 0.05) between the practice of dental ergonomics and age group, years of practical experience and level of knowledge.ConclusionMost Indonesian dentists (76.2%) still lack of dental ergonomics practice. Age, duration of work experience and ergonomic dental practice knowledge are significantly correlated.
Evaluation of the Faecal Occult Blood Test as a Screening Tool for Periodontal Disease: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Rawdhah Rasha , Mahmood Maha Sh. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of using a faecal occult blood test (FOBT) kit as a screening tool for periodontal disease. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the test's sensitivity and specificity while exploring the influence of factors like age, sex and the number of teeth on its performance.MethodsA prospective observational case–control study involving 150 participants divided into three groups on the basis of the basic periodontal examination index: healthy (n = 21), gingivitis (n = 52) and periodontitis (n = 77). Salivary occult blood tests were conducted using the Onsite FOB‐Hi Rapid Test. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test and chi‐square tests.ResultsThe FOBT kit demonstrated a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 100%. The number of teeth significantly influenced test results (p value = 0.021, chi‐square). Age (p value = 0.09, chi‐square) and sex (p value = 0.213, chi‐square) did not significantly impact the test's performance.ConclusionThe FOBT kit demonstrates high sensitivity (91.3%) and specificity (100%) as a screening tool for periodontal disease. Its affordability and global availability make it suitable for detecting periodontal disease across different age groups, sexes and numbers of teeth.
Evaluation of the Effect of Antibacterial Toothpastes Containing Chlorhexidine and Amine Fluoride on Oral Flora in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment—A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Sabuncuoğlu Fidan Alakuş , Akgün Özlem Martı , Yıldırım Ceren , Azizov Rashad , Özgürtaş Taner , Demir Pervin , Kaplan Ceren , Altun Ceyhan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) and amine fluoride (AF) toothpastes on oral flora in fixed orthodontic treatment patients.MethodsThirteen patients were given toothpaste containing AF, and 12 patients were given toothpaste containing CHX. Microbial and periodontal records were taken before, 1 week, and 5 weeks after the bonding procedure. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) values were recorded by the same expert calibrated before the study. Biofilm samples were taken, and then colony counts of the samples were evaluated. Whether the variable values obtained in the groups at the time of measurement were different was examined by Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Experiments—Nonparametric Tests for the F1_LD_F1 design for longitudinal data.ResultsGender distribution was similar in the study groups (χ2 = 1.944; p = 0.163). The mean age of the patients did not differ in the groups (t = 0.502; p = 0.620). In general, the variable values analysed within the scope of the study did not show significant differences between groups and time (p > 0.05). When the pairwise interactions were analysed, it was found that there was a significant difference only for PI values (F = 3.411; p = 0.035).ConclusionsWhile there were no significant differences observed in BOP, GI, and S. mutans levels and changes in IgA and IgE values between toothpastes containing CHX and AF, the PI index of CHX‐containing toothpastes exhibited a notably lower level. Both AF‐ and CHX‐containing toothpastes can be used for managing biofilm, controlling bacteria, and minimising gingivitis in subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.
A Survey of Dental Hygiene Pre‐Clinic Instrumentation Selection and Sequence
Authors: Ponce Justine E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the selection and sequence of dental hygiene instruments taught during dental hygiene pre‐clinical education in the United States.MethodsExempt status was received from the University of New Mexico's IRB (ID 21‐336). A survey was developed with questions to be answered involving decisions for clinical teaching and sequencing on various assessment and implementation instruments during pre‐clinic education. The instrument was 11 questions with multiple choice, ranking and short answer. A survey link was included through email invitation and successfully sent to 301 accredited dental hygiene programme directors in the United States. Results were collected and analysed through descriptive statistics.ResultsForty‐three of the invited participants completed the survey, a 14% response rate. Almost half (n = 24) of the participants chose to teach the periodontal probe first and 19 chose the explorer. Twenty‐five participants selected they teach the sickle scalers first, 14 teach the universal curette scalers first and 4 teach the Gracey curette scalers first. All participants teach electronically powered scalers with 33 teaching after hand instrumentation and 8 before.ConclusionsResults from this study emphasise that educators teach clinical instrumentation from professional opinion, but no attestation specifically suggests the use of evidence‐based pedagogical standards for clinical teaching. Dental hygiene programmes could benefit from further research on pre‐clinic instrument selection and sequencing as a way of standardised clinical teaching. These clinical implications could advance the science for standardised teaching of clinical instrumentation and sequencing in dental hygiene education.
Cleaning Efficacy of Toothpastes With Varying Abrasiveness—An In Vitro Investigation on Bovine Dentin
Authors: Fragapane Francesco , Pulfer Anina M. , Hamza Blend , Attin Thomas , Wegehaupt Florian J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine how differences in abrasiveness (RDA) influence cleaning capabilities of toothpastes.MethodsFor this in vitro trial, 60 bovine dentin samples were prepared and divided into six groups (G1–G6; n = 10). Groups G1–G5 were arranged in order from low to high toothpaste abrasiveness (G1: RDA: 12, G2: RDA: 29, G3: RDA: 43, G4: RDA: 71, and G5: RDA: 143). Samples in group G6 were used as a negative control and later brushed with pure artificial saliva. In preparation for testing, the dentin samples were stained with a black tea mixture. The respective toothpastes were mixed with artificial saliva in a 1:2 ratio to produce a toothpaste slurry. The samples were brushed for a total of 25 min (with measurement intervals at 2‐, 5‐, 10‐, and 25‐min) using a manual toothbrush in an automated brushing machine. The cleaning efficacy of the toothpastes was determined using photographs connected to a planimeter computer program and statistically evaluated.ResultsAnalysis of the median cleaning efficacy values showed that the toothpastes with a higher abrasiveness achieved a greater cleaning effect at each time point. All toothpastes showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in their cleaning efficacy (taking into account the median, interquartile range (IQR), minimum and maximum values) after 25 min of brushing.ConclusionsWith increasing RDA value, the cleaning efficiency of the toothpastes tested rises. However, a doubling of the RDA value does not necessarily elicit a twofold increase in cleaning effect.
Deep caries and pulp exposures management preferences in permanent teeth: A survey amongst Spanish dentists
Authors: Bailleul Laura , Ceballos Laura , Doméjean Sophie , Fuentes Victoria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo assess Spanish dentists' management preferences for deep caries removal and exposed pulps in permanent teeth.MethodologyA web‐based open and anonymous survey was distributed by social media and a specific website for this project amongst dentists practicing in Spain. The questionnaire comprised 40 questions, divided into five sections: (1) demographic data and professional activity; (2) carious tissue removal; (3) decision‐making regarding pulp exposure; (4) direct pulp capping and (5) pulpotomy procedures in permanent teeth. Results were descriptively analysed. Logistic regression (95% CI) analyses and X2 tests were carried out.ResultsA total of 538 responses were received. Half the respondents (53.7%) preferred to perform complete caries excavation for shallow and moderate carious dentin lesions, and selective excavation to firm dentin for deep lesions (57.8%). Selective removal to soft dentin and stepwise removal were much less indicated (15.4% and 10.9%, respectively). Exposed pulps in asymptomatic teeth were treated by direct pulp capping (over 80%), decreasing in the presence of reversible pulpitis symptoms (57.1%). If irreversible pulpitis was diagnosed, a pulpectomy would be performed by 53.5% and 89.9% of the respondents in, respectively, immature and mature teeth. Pulpotomy was performed routinely only by 26.4% of the clinicians. Patients' attitudes and priorities were the most relevant criteria when performing direct pulp capping and pulpotomy, together with the history of pain and the presence of bleeding. Regarding the clinical procedure, dry cotton was preferred to obtain haemostasis and Biodentine was the material of election.ConclusionsCaries removal preferences and management of pulp exposure by dentists practicing in Spain deviated from vital pulp treatment guidelines, mainly regarding indications and case selection. Pulp exposure was managed by direct pulp capping in asymptomatic cases, whilst immature permanent molars favoured the indication of pulpotomy when pulpitis was diagnosed. Most clinicians used hydraulic calcium silicate cement, specifically Biodentine, to perform vital pulp treatments. Postgraduate formation and continuing education in caries lesions management and vital pulp treatments were consistently related to more conservative and updated decisions.
Role of Preoperative Inflammatory Blood Cell Indexes as a Postoperative Risk Predictor Among Patients Undergoing On‐Pump Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Rödel Ana Paula Porto , Fernandes Yasmin Machado , Brisolara João Victor , De Carvalho José Antonio Mainardi , Moresco Rafael Noal 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEstimating patient risk before heart surgery (HS) is crucial. Perioperative inflammation is associated with several complications and mortality. This study investigated blood cell count inflammatory indices (BCCII) to predict risks, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derivate NLR (DNLR), neutrophil‐to‐platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (NLPR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Reaction Index (SIRI), and Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation (AISI).MethodsData from a cohort of patients undergoing on‐pump HS at a single center in Brazil were retrospectively analyzed. Data were obtained from medical records and a laboratory analyzer, and SPSS version 20.0 was used for index calculations and statistical analyses.ResultsIn total, 444 surgeries were performed, and 40 in‐hospital deaths occurred. Except for PLR, all other indexes were independent predictors of death after multivariate adjustment (all p < 0.05). Discrimination performance was absent for PLR and AISI, and NLR, NLPR, and DNLR demonstrated the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC > 0.7; all p < 0.0001). For survivors (n = 404), all indexes exhibited a correlation with the length of hospital stay (all p < 0.03), and NLR, NLPR, and DNLR were predictors (p < 0.026) of poor operative outcomes (acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular attack, cardiac arrest, low cardiac output, prolonged mechanical ventilation, renal failure, and sepsis).ConclusionsAll BCCII scores were associated with length of hospital stay. Apart from PLR, all indexes were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Accuracy was highest for NLR, NLPR, and DNLR; for survivors, these three factors were good predictors of poor operative outcomes.