bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic diversity of El Cien Formation (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and the consequences of functional diversity in paleoclimate estimation using fossil wood
Authors: Martínez-Cabrera Hugo I. , Estrada-Ruiz Emilio 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCommunity assembly processes, environmental filtering and limiting similarity, determine functional traits values within communities. Because environment influences the number of viable functional strategies species might take, a strong effect of environmental filter often results in communities having species with similar trait values and narrow functional niches. On the other hand, limiting similarity lead to communities with broader functional spaces. The degree to community assembly processes influence wood trait variation has important implications for paleoclimate estimation using fossil wood since the main tenet of the approach is environmental driven trait convergence, and assumes a central role of environmental filtering. We used functional diversity (FD) to determine how three wood anatomical traits vary in 14 extant communities (272 species) growing under different climate regimes, and inferred the prevalence of environmental filtering/limiting similarity. We also calculated FD metrics for the El Cien Formation fossil woods and discussed the results in light of the current knowledge of the flora. We found lower anatomical diversity in communities growing in dry/cool places (smaller functional spaces and lower abundance of trait combinations), suggesting that strong wood anatomical trait convergence could be the result of stronger habitat filtering in these communities. A lower strength of environmental filter in warm/wet environments, likely results in an amplification of the role of other drivers that promote higher number of hydraulic strategies through niche partition in highly structured communities. More complex ecological structures in mild tropical places likely lead to a higher spread of wood trait values. This asymmetry in the strength of environmental filter along climate gradients, suggest that the imbalances in strength of the trait-climate convergence, should be incorporated in paleoclimate prediction models. FD approach can be used to recognize promising traits with narrow niches along climate gradients, and therefore a constant effect of environmental filter.
Phasic signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis during fear learning predicts within- and across-session cued fear expression
Authors: Bjorni Max , Rovero Natalie G. , Yang Elissa R. , Holmes Andrew , Halladay Lindsay R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile results from many past studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mediating the expression of sustained negative affect, recent studies have highlighted a more complex role for BNST that includes aspects of fear learning in addition to defensive responding. As BNST is thought to encode ambiguous or unpredictable threat, it seems plausible that it may be involved in encoding early cued fear learning, especially immediately following a first tone-shock pairing when the CS-US contingency is not fully apparent. To investigate this, we conducted in vivo electrophysiological recording studies to examine neural dynamics of BNST units during cued fear acquisition and recall. We identified two functionally distinct subpopulations of BNST neurons that encode the intertrial interval (ITI) and seem to contribute to within- and across-session fear learning. “Ramping” cell activity during cued fear acquisition parallels the increase in freezing expression as mice learn the CS-US contingency, while “Phasic” cells encode post-shock (USpost) periods (30 s following encounter with footshock) only during early trials. Importantly, the magnitude of Phasic unit responsivity to the first USpostperiod predicted not only freezing expression in response to the subsequent CS during acquisition, but also CS freezing evoked 24 hr later during CS retrieval. These findings suggest for the first time that BNST activity may serve as an instructive signal during cued fear learning.
Molecular pathway of influenza pan-neuraminidase inhibitors resistance in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Abed Yacine , Schibler Manuel , Checkmahomed Liva , Carbonneau Julie , Venable Marie-Christine , Giannotti Federica , Goncalves Ana Rita , Kaiser Laurent , Boivin Guy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs), including oseltamivir and zanamivir, play an important therapeutic role against influenza infections in immunocompromised patients. In such settings, however, NAI therapy may lead to the emergence of resistance involving mutations within the influenza surface genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in an immunocompromised patient receiving oseltamivir then zanamivir therapies. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) samples were collected between 01-27-2018 and 04-20-2018 from a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. These included 11 samples collected either pre-therapy, during oseltamivir and zanamivir as well as after therapy. The A(H1N1)pdm09 HA/NA genes were sequenced. The H275Y NA substitution was quantified by droplet digital RT-PCR assay. A(H1N1)pdm09 recombinant viruses containing HA mutations were tested by HA elution experiments to investigatein vitrobinding properties. Oseltamivir rapidly induced the H275Y NA mutation which constituted 98.33% of the viral population after 15 days of oseltamivir treatment. The related HA gene contained S135A and P183S substitutions within the receptor-binding site. After a switch to zanamivir, 275H/Y and 119E/G/D mixed populations were detected. In the last samples, the double H275Y-E119G NA variant dominated with S135A and P183S HA substitutions. This report confirms that oseltamivir can rapidly induce the emergence of the H275Y substitution in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and subsequent switch to zanamivir can lead to additional substitutions at codon E119 resulting in multi-drug resistance. Such data highlight the need for novel antiviral agents.
Epidermal activation of Hedgehog signaling establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma by modulating skin immunity
Authors: Grund-Gröschke Sandra , Ortner Daniela , Szenes-Nagy Antal B. , Zaborsky Nadja , Weiss Richard , Neureiter Daniel , Wipplinger Martin , Risch Angela , Hammerl Peter , Greil Richard , Sibilia Maria , Gratz Iris K. , Stoitzner Patrizia , Aberger Fritz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenetic activation of Hedgehog (HH)/GLI signaling causes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), a very frequent non-melanoma skin cancer. Small molecule targeting of the essential HH effector Smoothened (SMO) proved an efficient medical therapy of BCC, although lack of durable responses and frequent development of drug resistance pose major challenges to anti-HH treatments. In light of the recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, we analyzed in detail the possible immunosuppressive mechanisms in HH/GLI-induced BCC. Using a genetic mouse model of BCC, we identified profound differences in the infiltration of BCC lesions with cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. Epidermal activation of HH/GLI led to an accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, and to an increased expression of immune checkpoint molecules including PD-1/PD-L1. Anti-PD1 monotherapy, however, did not reduce tumor growth, presumably due to the lack of immunogenic mutations in common BCC mouse models, as shown by whole-exome sequencing. BCC lesions also displayed a marked infiltration with neutrophils, the depletion of which unexpectedly promoted BCC growth. The results provide a comprehensive survey of the immune status of murine BCC and provide a basis for the design of efficacious rational combination treatments. This study also underlines the need for predictive immunogenic mouse models of BCC to evaluatein vivothe efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies.
Population coding of reward prediction errors through opponent organization in the fronto parietal network
Authors: Foley Nicholas C. , Cohanpour Michael , Semework Mulugeta , Sheth Sameer A. , Gottlieb Jacqueline 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComputing expectancy violations is essential for decision making and cognitive functions, but its neural mechanisms are incompletely understood. We describe a novel mechanism by which prefrontal and posterior parietal neurons encode reward prediction errors (RPEs) in their population but not single-neuron activity. Simultaneous recordings of neural populations showed that both areas co-activated information about experienced and expected rewards in a precise opponent organization. Neurons encoding expected rewards with positive (negative) scaling were reactivated simultaneously with those encoding experienced rewards with negative (positive) scaling. This opponent organization was mirrored in polarity-dependent noise correlations. Moreover, it extended to two types of expectancy information – based on task-relevant visual cues and statistically irrelevant reward history - allowing decoding of signed and unsigned RPE in two reference frames. Frontal and parietal areas implement canonical computations that facilitate contextual comparisons and the readout of multiple types of expectancy violations to flexibly serve behavioral goals.
Cross-disorder GWAS meta-analysis for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Yang Zhiyu , Wu Hanrui , Lee Phil H. , Tsetsos Fotis , Davis Lea K. , Yu Dongmei , Lee Sang Hong , Dalsgaard Søren , Haavik Jan , Barta Csaba , Zayats Tetyana , Eapen Valsamma , Wray Naomi R. , Devlin Bernie , Daly Mark , Neale Benjamin , Børglum Anders D. , Crowley James J. , Scharf Jeremiah , Mathews Carol A. , Faraone Stephen V. , Franke Barbara , Mattheisen Manuel , Smoller Jordan W. , Paschou Peristera 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS) are among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders of childhood and adolescence. High comorbidity rates across these four disorders point toward a common etiological thread that could be connecting them across the repetitive behaviors-impulsivity-compulsivity continuum. Aiming to uncover the shared genetic basis across ADHD, ASD, OCD, and TS, we undertake a systematic cross-disorder meta-analysis, integrating summary statistics from all currently available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for these disorders, as made available by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and the Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH). We present analysis of a combined dataset of 93,294 individuals, across 6,788,510 markers and investigate associations on the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene and pathway levels across all four disorders but also pairwise. In the ADHD-ASD-OCD-TS cross disorder GWAS meta-analysis, we uncover in total 297 genomewide significant variants from six LD (linkage disequilibrium) -independent genomic risk regions. Out of these genomewide significant association results, 199 SNPs, that map onto four genomic regions, show high posterior probability for association with at least three of the studied disorders (m-value>0.9). Gene-based GWAS meta-analysis across ADHD, ASD, OCD, and TS identified 21 genes significantly associated under Bonferroni correction. Out of those, 15 could not be identified as significantly associated based on the individual disorder GWAS dataset, indicating increased power in the cross-disorder comparisons. Cross-disorder tissue-specificity analysis implicates the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis (stress response) as possibly underlying shared pathophysiology across ADHD, ASD, OCD, and TS. Our work highlights genetic variants and genes that may contribute to overlapping neurobiology across the four studied disorders and highlights the value of re-defining the framework for the study across this spectrum of highly comorbid disorders, by using transdiagnostic approaches.
Site-specific hyperphosphorylation of tau inhibits its fibrillization in vitro, blocks its seeding capacity in cells, and disrupts its microtubule binding; Implications for the native state stabilization of tau
Authors: Haj-Yahya Mahmood , Gopinath Pushparathinam , Rajasekhar Kolla , Mirbaha Hilda , Diamond Marc. I. , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe consistent observation of aggregated phosopho-tau in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies has contributed to the emergence of a model where hyperphosphorylation of tau causes its disassociation from microtubules and subsequent pathological polymerization. However, the large number of possible phosphorylation sites in tau and lack of robust methods that enable the preparation of homogeneously phosphorylated tau species have made it difficult to validate this model. Herein, we applied a total chemical synthetic approach to site-specifically phosphorylate single (pS356) or multiple (pS356/pS262 and pS356/pS262/pS258) residues within the microtubule binding repeat domain (MTBD) of tau and show that hyperphosphorylation within the microtubule MTBD inhibits K18 tau 1) aggregation in vitro; 2) its seeding activity in cells, and 3) its ability to promote microtubule polymerization. The inhibition increased with the number of phosphorylated sites, with phosphorylation at S262 having the strongest effect. On the basis of these findings, we propose that targeting the kinases that regulate phosphorylation at these sites could provide a viable strategy to stabilize the native state of tau and inhibit its aggregation. Taken together, our results argue against the pathogenic hyperphosphorylation hypothesis and underscore the critical importance of revisiting the role of site-specific hyperphosphorylation of tau in regulating its function in health and disease.
Table of content
Transmission of shocks between Chinese financial market and oil market
Authors: Abdelhedi Mouna , Boujelbène-Abbes Mouna 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the volatility spillover between the Chinese stock market, investor’s sentiment and oil market, specifically during the 2014‒2016 turmoil period.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the daily and monthly China market price index, oil-price index and composite index of Chinese investor’s sentiment. The authors first use the DCC GARCH model in order to study the correlation between variables. Second, the authors use a continuous wavelet decomposition technique so as to capture both time- and frequency-varying features of co-movement variables. Finally, the authors examine the spillover effects by estimating the BEKK GARCH model.FindingsThe wavelet coherency results indicate a substantial co-movement between oil and Chinese stock markets in the periods of high volatility. BEKK GARCH model outcomes confirm this relation and report the noteworthy bidirectional transmission of volatility between oil market shocks and the Chinese investor’s sentiment, chiefly in the crisis period. These results support the behavioral theory of contagion and highlight that the Chinese investor’s sentiment is a channel through which shocks are transmitted between the oil and Chinese equity markets. Thus, these results are important for Chinese authorities that should monitor the investor’s sentiment to better control the interaction between financial and real markets.Originality/valueThis study makes three major contributions to the existing literature. First, it pays attention to the recent 2015 Chinese stock market bumble. Second, it has gone some way toward enhancing our understanding of the volatility spillover between the investor’s sentiment, investor’s sentiment variation, oil prices and stock market returns (variables of interest) during oil and stock market crises. Third, it uses the continuous wavelet decomposition technique since it reveals the linkage between variables of interest at different time horizons.
The moderating role of organizational environments on the relationship between inventory leanness and venture survival in Chinese manufacturing
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Lin Yu , Shi Yingjie 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between inventory leanness and venture survival, and demonstrate the role of organizational environments in moderating this relationship from three dimensions: environmental complexity, dynamism and munificence.Design/methodology/approachUsing a large panel data of more than 150,000 new Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises between 2000 and 2007 in the manufacturing sector, the authors employ the method of survival analysis via an accelerated failure time model to explore the non-linear relationship between inventory leanness and the likelihood of survival. Moreover, the moderation model is applied to examine the moderating role of organizational environments.FindingsAt its core, this paper demonstrates the inverted U-shaped relationship between inventory leanness and the likelihood of survival. Furthermore, the authors find that environmental complexity and dynamism can negatively moderate this relationship, whereas environmental munificence acts the exact opposite.Practical implicationsManagers need to realize the trade-off between inventory leanness and venture survival. Collectively, more than 90 percent of new Chinese ventures have great potential to improve the likelihood of survival by implementing inventory leanness management. In addition, firms ought to be fully aware of the internal management and the external environments.Originality/valueThis is the first study to confirm the inverted U-shaped relationship between inventory leanness and the likelihood of survival, and empirically verify the moderating role of environmental complexity, dynamism and munificence on this relationship.
Learning in the ED: chaos, partners and paradoxes
Authors: Hussain Aman , Rossi Tony , Rynne Steven 
Published: September 2019

PurposeMost contemporary research in medical education focuses on the undergraduate component conducted within medical schools. The purpose of this paper, however, is to better understand how medical residents and practicing attending physicians learned to practice within the context of the emergency medicine department (ED) workplace.Design/methodology/approachIn all, 18 residents and 15 attending physicians were interviewed about their learning in the ED. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim then analysed using an iterative approach. Emergent themes were shared with the participants to ensure they were an accurate representation of their lived experiences.FindingsThe first of the three main findings was that the ED learning environment was characterised as “messy” because of the inherently chaotic nature of the workplace. The second finding was that patients and nurses were informal partners in learning. The third main finding was that learning and working in the ED can be difficult, isolating and often lacks continuity.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation associated with this research relates to the highly situated and contextually bound nature of this study. Nevertheless, the findings should be generative for others interested in supporting the work and learning of health professionals.Originality/valueThis study shifts the focus in medical education research from formal undergraduate education to learning in high stress and chaotic workplaces. Accordingly, this work provides valuable insights for others interested in the messy realities of learning in professional practice.
Residential property and break-ins
Authors: Badiora Adewumi , Adebara Oyinloluwa B. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine realtors and residents’ perceptions of the effectiveness of Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) in reducing night-time and daytime break-ins in residential estate.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted case study methods. Two residential estates (one at inner and the other at outer city) were selected as cases of the study. Data were collected from two sets of respondents: realtors and tenants. In the realtors’ cluster, all real estate and property development companies were sampled since the population is very small. Systematic sampling technique was used to select residents. Respondents were asked to answer closed-ended questions on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, perception of property crime, spending on CPTED and effectiveness of CPTED. Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings
Findings disclose that more than half of the residents of inner and outer city had been victims of housebreaks and these incidences are expected to increase in the nearest future. To reduce break-ins, findings show that realtors and residents have spent on both formal and informal surveillance with emphasis on ensuring visual control over premises. Furthermore, respondents confirm the effectiveness of CPTED in deterring break-ins. The study establishes variation in the realtors and tenants’ perception of break-ins as spending on CPTED strategies vary between them, with locations and types of properties.

Practical implications
Social and human factors remain very important as far as the prevention of break-ins is concerned. These should be taken into considerations when improving CPTED approach in the future. Besides, adequate attentions should be given to daytime break-in. Nonetheless, night-time break-ins should not be neglected. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of visible, clean and well-lit premises as ways of reducing break-ins. It is therefore suggested that residential properties should be well lit at nights, while CCTV and security personnel be positioned in strategic places and within security viewing range so as to send fast alerts to the nearest police stations in the cases of break-in(s).

Originality/value
Very few studies on effectiveness of CPTED have mainly concentrated on how CPTED works in residential estates. No study till date, have explored how realtors perceive CPTED in preventing break-ins. Besides, this study contributes to existing literature having revealed variation in the realtors and tenants’ spending on CPTED on the basis of property location and types of residential properties.