bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene transistor based on tunable Dirac fermion optics
Authors: Wang Ke , Elahi Mirza M. , Wang Lei , Habib K. M. Masum , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Hone James , Ghosh Avik W. , Lee Gil-Ho , Kim Philip 
Published: March 2019

Significance
We report an electrically tunable graphene quantum switch based on Dirac fermion optics (DFO), with electrostatically defined analogies of mirror and collimators utilizing angle-dependent Klein tunneling. The device design allows a previously unreported quantitative characterization of the net DFO contribution and leads to improved device performance resilient to abrupt change in temperature, bias, doping, and electrostatic environment. The electrically tunable collimator and reflector demonstrated in this work, and the capability of accurate in situ characterization of their performance, provide the building blocks toward more complicated functional quantum device architecture such as highly integrated electron-optical circuits.
Revealing the mechanism of how cardiac myosin-binding protein C N-terminal fragments sensitize thin filaments for myosin binding
Authors: Inchingolo Alessio V. , Previs Samantha Beck , Previs Michael J. , Warshaw David M. , Kad Neil M. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Diverse demands on cardiac muscle require the fine-tuning of contraction. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is involved in this regulation; however, its precise molecular mechanism of action remains uncertain. By imaging the interactions of single myosin and cMyBP-C molecules interacting with suspended thin filaments in vitro we observe cMyBP-C N-terminal fragments assist activation and modulate contraction velocity by affecting myosin binding to the thin filament. Fluorescent imaging of Cy3-labeled cMyBP-C revealed that it diffusively scans the thin filament and then strongly binds to displace tropomyosin and activate at low calcium. At high calcium, cMyBP-C decorates the filament more extensively, reducing myosin binding through competing with binding sites. Understanding the mechanism of MyBP-C action has important implications for heart disease.
Detecting different topologies immanent in scale-free networks with the same degree distribution
Authors: Tsiotas Dimitrios 
Published: March 2019

Significance
This paper highlights that not all scale-free (SF) networks arise through a Barabási−Albert (BA) preferential attachment process. Although evident from the literature, this fact is often overlooked by many researchers. For this purpose, it is demonstrated, with simulations, that established network measures cannot distinguish between BA networks and other SF networks (random-like and lattice-like) with the same degree distribution. Additionally, it is examined whether an existing self-similarity metric is also capable of distinguishing different SF topologies with the same degree distribution. To contribute to this discrimination, this paper introduces a spectral metric, which is shown to be more capable of distinguishing between different SF topologies with the same degree distribution, in comparison with the existing metrics.
Working memory capacity is enhanced by distributed prefrontal activation and invariant temporal dynamics
Authors: Tang Hua , Qi Xue-Lian , Riley Mitchell R. , Constantinidis Christos 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Working memory capacity is notoriously limited to a handful of items, creating one of the central bottlenecks of human cognition, but can be improved by training. The neural basis of this improvement remains a matter of debate, as human imaging studies have produced contradictory results about the mechanisms that effect improved capacity. To resolve this controversy, we recorded neuronal activity from monkeys while they were being trained to improve their ability in maintaining multiple stimuli in memory. Our results reveal that improvement of working memory is effected by a more distributed activation of the prefrontal cortex and invariant temporal dynamics of neuronal activity. These changes render the prefrontal network more robust, allowing it to maintain more items in memory.
Glucocorticoid enhancement of recognition memory via basolateral amygdala-driven facilitation of prelimbic cortex interactions
Authors: Barsegyan Areg , Mirone Gabriele , Ronzoni Giacomo , Guo Chunan , Song Qi , van Kuppeveld Daan , Schut Evelien H. S. , Atsak Piray , Teurlings Selina , McGaugh James L. , Schubert Dirk , Roozendaal Benno 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Stress hormones are known to facilitate memory of emotionally arousing experiences, an effect that is mediated by the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and its interaction with other brain regions. Brain activation studies also indicate that emotional arousal activates several functional connections beyond the BLA. However, it is largely unknown whether BLA activity influences these connections. Here, we report that BLA activity enables functional interactions between the prelimbic cortex, anterior insular cortex, and dorsal hippocampus in regulating glucocorticoid hormone effects on recognition memory. These findings increase our understanding of how BLA activity affects emotional memory within large brain networks.
The demanding quest for harmony: China’s polarizing freshwater resilience map
Authors: Varis Olli , Kummu Matti 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
China’s millennial quest for harmony between nature and humanity is as important today as it has always been. Today’s challenges are momentous; but at the same time, China’s capacity to cope with them is strengthening rapidly. We analyse China’s freshwaters using the social-ecological systems approach in a novel way. Quantitative, globally-scaled indicators for freshwater vulnerability, adaptive capacity (AC) and resilience, and their temporal evolution from 1990–2015, are analysed spatially. China’s AC (governance, economy and human development) represents heterogeneity, levelling close to the global range’s mean level. Coastal areas are somewhat better off than other parts. In turn, ecological vulnerability (EV) (environmental footprint, natural hazards, water scarcity) shows more pronounced contrasts across China. The human footprint and natural hazards are greatest in the east and the lowest in the west, whereas water-scarcity woes stand out in the North China Plain and Xinjiang. The North China Plain (above all the Huang basin) is particularly challenging, yet the AC there has grown fast and therefore resilience has started to grow. Nevertheless, China’s capacity is now growing rapidly, allowing improvements in resilience in large parts of the country. It may provide an opportunity for changing the tide in the most challenging areas, too, but requires continuous and massive commitment. Yet China still showed a polarizing development in the years 1990–2015 in terms of spatial development in AC, EV and resilience, meaning that the diversity and heterogeneity of the country have continued to grow.
A review of determinants for dairy farmer decision making on manure management strategies in high-income countries
Authors: Niles Meredith T , Horner Catherine , Chintala Rajesh , Tricarico Juan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The global dairy sector is a major source of human nutrition and farmer livelihoods, while also generating manure, an important nutrient for crop production, but one that must be managed to minimize environmental risk. Manure management—manure handling, processing, storage and application—is an important part of managing a dairy system. Rising awareness of environmental stewardship is increasing for dairy production that meets multiple sustainability goals. Importantly, a large body of research has identified a suite of potential manure management strategies (MMS) that can contribute to reduced environmental impact, and in some cases, provide additional benefits for farmers and society. Despite this growing body of technical and agronomically-focused research, there has been far less research on farmer decision making and adoption of MMS. To explore this gap, we conduct a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles exploring the drivers of farmer adoption and decision making related to MMS. We focus on high-income countries, where MMS strategies are more diverse and often involve advanced technologies. We find 36 articles across Europe, the United States, and Canada and focus on four key areas associated with MMS practices: (1) farm size and structural characteristics associated with MMS adoption including the relationship of certain MMS to each other; (2) existing adoption of MMS practices; (3) socio-economic and regulatory factors associated with MMS adoption; and (4) individual information, attitudes, and demographics associated with MMS adoption. We identify and discuss three gaps in the existing literature: (1) a dearth of studies exploring farmer adoption of MMS, especially from certain highly productive milk regions; (2) a lack of comparative studies across multiple regions and/or across time to identify more direct casual pathways of decision making; and (3) technical and other feasibility needs for future MMS adoption. These suggest a clear pathway for future research to better understand the myriad factors that influence dairy farmer decision making as it relates to MMS.
The massive Dirac equation in the Kerr-Newman-de Sitter and Kerr-Newman black hole spacetimes
Authors: Kraniotis G V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Exact solutions of the Dirac general relativistic equation that describe the dynamics of a massive, electrically charged particle with half-integer spin in the curved spacetime geometry of an electrically charged, rotating Kerr-Newman-(anti) de Sitter black hole are investigated. We first, derive the Dirac equation in the Kerr-Newman-de Sitter (KNdS) black hole background using a generalised Kinnersley null tetrad in the Newman-Penrose formalism. Subsequently in this frame and in the KNdS black hole spacetime, we prove the separation of the Dirac equation into ordinary differential equations for the radial and angular parts. Under specific transformations of the independent and dependent variables we prove that the transformed radial equation for a massive charged spin

1

2

fermion in the background KNdS black hole constitutes a highly non-trivial generalisation of Heun’s equation since it possess five regular finite singular points. Using a Regge-Wheeler-like independent variable we transform the radial equation in the KNdS background into a Schrödinger like differential equation and investigate its asymptotic behaviour near the event and cosmological horizons. For the case of a massive fermion in the background of a Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole we first prove that the radial and angular equations that result from the separation of Dirac’s equation reduce to the generalised Heun differential equation (GHE). The local solutions of such GHE are derived and can be described by holomorphic functions whose power series coefficients are determined by a four-term recurrence relation. In addition using asymptotic analysis we derive the solutions for the massive fermion far away from the KN black hole and the solutions near the event horizon . The determination of the separation constant as an eigenvalue problem in the KN background is investigated. Using the aforementioned four-term recursion formula we prove that in the non-extreme KN geometry there are no bound states with

ω

2

<

μ

2

, where ω and μ are the energy and mass of the fermion respectively.
The effects of stress and glucocorticoids on vocalizations: a test in North American red squirrels
Authors: Sehrsweeney Matt , Wilson David R , Bain Maggie , Boutin Stan , Lane Jeffrey E , McAdam Andrew G , Dantzer Ben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcoustic signaling is an important means by which animals communicate both stable and labile characteristics. Although it is widely appreciated that vocalizations can convey information on labile state, such as fear and aggression, fewer studies have experimentally examined the acoustic expression of stress state. The transmission of such public information about physiological state could have broad implications, potentially influencing the behavior and life-history traits of neighbors. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) produce vocalizations known as rattles that advertise territorial ownership. We examined the influence of changes in physiological stress state on rattle acoustic structure through the application of a stressor (trapping and handling the squirrels) and by provisioning squirrels with exogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). We characterized the acoustic structure of rattles emitted by these squirrels by measuring rattle duration, mean frequency, and entropy. We found evidence that rattles do indeed exhibit a “stress signature.” When squirrels were trapped and handled, they produced rattles that were longer in duration with a higher frequency and increased entropy. However, squirrels that were administered exogenous GCs had similar rattle duration, frequency, and entropy as squirrels that were fed control treatments and unfed squirrels. Our results indicate that short-term stress does affect the acoustic structure of vocalizations, but elevated circulating GC levels do not mediate such changes.
Compressed filesystem for managing large genome collections
Authors: Navarro Gonzalo , Sepúlveda Víctor , Marín Mauricio , González Senén 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMotivationGenome repositories are growing faster than our storage capacities, challenging our ability to store, transmit, process and analyze them. While genomes are not very compressible individually, those repositories usually contain myriads of genomes or genome reads of the same species, thereby creating opportunities for orders-of-magnitude compression by exploiting inter-genome similarities. A useful compression system, however, cannot be only usable for archival, but it must allow direct access to the sequences, ideally in transparent form so that applications do not need to be rewritten.ResultsWe present a highly compressed filesystem that specializes in storing large collections of genomes and reads. The system obtains orders-of-magnitude compression by using Relative Lempel-Ziv, which exploits the high similarities between genomes of the same species. The filesystem transparently stores the files in compressed form, intervening the system calls of the applications without the need to modify them. A client/server variant of the system stores the compressed files in a server, while the client’s filesystem transparently retrieves and updates the data from the server. The data between client and server are also transferred in compressed form, which saves an order of magnitude network time.Availability and implementationThe C++ source code of our implementation is available for download in https://github.com/vsepulve/relz_fs.
ScanNeo: identifying indel-derived neoantigens using RNA-Seq data
Authors: Wang Ting-You , Wang Li , Alam Sk Kayum , Hoeppner Luke H , Yang Rendong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSummaryInsertion and deletion (indels) have been recognized as an important source generating tumor-specific mutant peptides (neoantigens). The focus of indel-derived neoantigen identification has been on leveraging DNA sequencing such as whole exome sequencing, with the effort of using RNA-seq less well explored. Here we present ScanNeo, a fast-streamlined computational pipeline for analyzing RNA-seq to predict neoepitopes derived from small to large-sized indels. We applied ScanNeo in a prostate cancer cell line and validated our predictions with matched mass spectrometry data. Finally, we demonstrated that indel neoantigens predicted from RNA-seq were associated with checkpoint inhibitor response in a cohort of melanoma patients.Availability and implementationScanNeo is implemented in Python. It is freely accessible at the GitHub repository (https://github.com/ylab-hi/ScanNeo).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Leaking Like a Sieve? Transfer Restraints on Small Arms, Light Weapons and Ammunition
Authors: Alley Roderic 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Compared to nuclear weapons, chemical and biological weapons or advanced conventional weapons systems, such as missiles, small arms and light weapons (SALW) and the ammunition required to render them lethal, have received less attention from arms control analysts. Accordingly the focus of this commentary is upon two particular inadequacies identified within the existing SALW restraint repertoire. They include, first, a failure to have SALW ammunition designated as an objective deserving explicit restraint designation and, secondly, persisting and largely unresolved state differences over controlling supplies of this weaponry to armed non-state actors. Both concerns illustrate how a use of consensus procedures within relevant rule formulation has favoured the interests of major SALW suppliers. The two deficiencies identified are considered destabilising given their continued capacity to degrade restraints designed to restrict deployments of this long-lasting weaponry—particularly within locations exhibiting limited forms of state capacity. The scope for existing legal mechanisms to remedy these deficiencies is examined, as is their potential to induce enhanced compliance and implementation.
A Retrospective, Epidemiological Review of Hemiplegic Migraines in a Military Population
Authors: Moore Brian A , Hale Willie J , Nabity Paul S , Koehn Tyler R , McGeary Donald , Peterson Alan L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Headaches are one of the world’s most common disabling conditions. They are also both highly prevalent and debilitating among military personnel and can have a significant impact on fitness for duty. Hemiplegic migraines are an uncommon, yet severely incapacitating, subtype of migraine with aura for which there has been a significant increase amongst US military personnel over the past decade. To date, there has not been a scientific report on hemiplegic migraine in United States military personnel.

Materials and Methods
The aim of this study was to provide an overview of hemiplegic migraine, to analyze data on the incidence of hemiplegic migraine in US military service members, and to evaluate demographic factors associated with hemiplegic migraine diagnoses. First time diagnoses of hemiplegic migraine were extracted from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database according to ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for hemiplegic migraine. One sample Chi-Square goodness of fit tests were conducted on weighted demographic samples to determine whether significant proportional differences existed between gender, age, military grade, service component, race, and marital status.

Results
From 1997 to 2007 there were no cases of hemiplegic migraine recorded in the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database. However, from 2008 to 2017 there was a significant increase in the number of initial diagnoses of hemiplegic migraine, from 4 in 2008 to a high of 101 in 2016. From 2008 to 2017, 597 new cases of hemiplegic migraine were reported among US military service members. Disproportional incidence of hemiplegic migraine was observed for gender, X2 (1, 597) = 297.37, p &lt;.001, age, X2 (5, 597) = 62.60, p &lt;.001, service component, X2 (3, 597) = 31.48, p &lt;.001, pay grade X2 (3, 597) = 57.96, p &lt;.001, and race, X2 (2, 597) = 37.32, p &lt;.001, but not for marital status X2 (1, 597) = 2.57, p &gt;.05.

Conclusion
Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of initial diagnoses of hemiplegic migraine in Active Duty United States military personnel. Based on these diagnosis rates, there is evidence to suggest that hemiplegic migraine has a higher incidence and prevalence rate among post 9/11 service members of the United States military as compared to the general population. Given the sudden increase in new patients diagnosed with hemiplegic migraine in the past decade, the global prevalence estimates of hemiplegic migraine should be reconsidered. Additionally, the impact of hemiplegic migraine on service member’s duties and responsibilities deserves further consideration.
Exponential shapelets: basis functions for data analysis of isolated features
Authors: Bergé Joel , Massey Richard , Baghi Quentin , Touboul Pierre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We introduce one- and two-dimensional ‘exponential shapelets’: orthonormal basis functions that efficiently model isolated features in data. They are built from eigenfunctions of the quantum mechanical hydrogen atom, and inherit mathematics with elegant properties under Fourier transform, and hence (de)convolution. For a wide variety of data, exponential shapelets compress information better than Gauss–Hermite/Gauss–Laguerre (‘shapelet’) decomposition, and generalize previous attempts that were limited to 1D or circularly symmetric basis functions. We discuss example applications in astronomy, fundamental physics, and space geodesy.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae from North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific Region: Results From 20 Years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997–2016)
Authors: Sader Helio S , Mendes Rodrigo E , Le Jennifer , Denys Gerald , Flamm Robert K , Jones Ronald N 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program monitors the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of organisms from various infection types worldwide. In this investigation, we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected worldwide over 20 years (1997–2016).MethodsA total of 65 993 isolates were consecutively collected (1 per infection episode) from North America (NA; n = 34 626; 2 nations), Europe (EUR; n = 19 123; 23 nations), the Asia-Pacific region (APAC; n = 7111; 10 nations), and Latin America (LATAM; n = 5133; 7 nations) and tested for susceptibility using reference broth microdilution methods. Resistant subgroups included multidrug-resistant (MDR; nonsusceptible to ≥3 classes of agents) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR; nonsusceptible to ≥5 classes).ResultsThe isolates were collected primarily from respiratory tract infections (77.3%), and 25.4% were from pediatric patients. Penicillin susceptibility (≤0.06 mg/L) rates varied from 70.7% in EUR to 52.4% in APAC for all years combined. In NA, there was a slight improvement in susceptibility for the first few years of the program, from 66.5% in 1997–1998 to 69.4% in 1999–2000, followed by a decline until 2011–2012 (57.0%). Similar declines in penicillin susceptibility rates were observed in all regions, with the lowest rates of 67.3% in EUR (2011–2012), 41.6% in the APAC region (2007–2008), and 48.2% in LATAM (2013–2014). These declines were followed by improved susceptibility rates in all regions in later program years, with susceptibility rates of 55.6% to 71.8% in 2015–2016 (65.8% overall). Susceptibility rates to ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole followed a similar pattern, with a decrease in the first 12–14 years and a continued increase in the last 6–8 years of the program. MDR and XDR frequencies were highest in APAC (49.8% and 17.3% overall, respectively) and lowest in LATAM (10.8% and 1.9% overall, respectively). The most active agents for MDR/XDR isolates were ceftaroline (99.7%/99.1% susceptible), tigecycline (96.8%/95.9% susceptible), linezolid (100.0%/100.0% susceptible), and vancomycin (100.0%/100.0% susceptible).ConclusionsS. pneumoniae susceptibility to many antibiotics increased in all regions in the last few years, and these increases may be related to PCV13 immunization, which was introduced in 2010.