bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with human milk metabolomic profiles in a rural North American cohort
Authors: Criswell Rachel L. , Bauer Julia A. , Christensen Brock C. , Meijer Jennifer , Peterson Lisa A. , Huset Carin A. , Walker Douglas I. , Karagas Margaret R. , Romano Megan E. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent synthetic chemicals that are found in human milk and are associated with negative health effects. Research suggests that PFAS affect both lactation and the human metabolome.

Methods:
We measured perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in the milk of 425 participants from the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A nontargeted metabolomics assay was performed using LC with high-resolution MS, and metabolites were identified based on in-house database matching. We observed six metabolic profiles among our milk samples using self-organizing maps, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic and perinatal predictors of these profiles, including infant sex, parity, participant body mass index, participant age, education, race, smoking status, gestational weight gain, and infant age at time of milk collection.

Results:
Elevated PFOA was associated with profiles containing higher amounts of triglyceride fatty acids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids, and carnitine metabolites, as well as lower amounts of lactose and creatine phosphate. Lower concentrations of milk PFOS were associated with lower levels of fatty acids.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that elevated PFOA in human milk is related to metabolomic profiles consistent with enlarged milk fat globule membranes and altered fatty acid metabolism. Further, our study supports the theory that PFAS share mammary epithelial membrane transport mechanisms with fatty acids and associate with metabolic markers of reduced milk production.
Sense of coherence in Spanish-speaking countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Escobar-Segovia Kenny , Domínguez-Salas Sara , García-Iglesias Juan Jesús , López-López Daniel , Allande-Cussó Regina , Romero Adolfo , Gómez-Salgado Juan 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The aim of this study was to assess the sense of coherence (SOC) in the Spanish-speaking population during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases in August 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the critical appraisal tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Results:
A total of 25 studies were included in the review, which demonstrated that high SOC is associated with improved coping styles, a reduced incidence of mental disorders, and greater resilience to traumatic events. The findings indicated that SOC acts as a crucial protective factor in diverse population groups, including health professionals, university students, and older adults, particularly during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic.

Conclusions:
The study concludes that there are significant benefits for the mental and physical health of the population, regardless of cultural context, to be gained from strengthening the SOC. It is therefore essential that interventions which enhance the SOC are implemented in order to improve public health in times of crisis. Furthermore, it is crucial that SOC measurement instruments are validated in different cultural contexts in order to ensure the reliability and validity of the results obtained.
The impact of integrated health Qigong and dance exercise on cardiovascular function in middle-aged and elderly women
Authors: Zeng Fan-Wen , Zhang Qian-Yi , Zong Wei-Jie , Peng Xiang-Ji , Yang Hui 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of health Qigong on vascular elasticity, blood lipid levels, and cardiac function in middle-aged and elderly women. By comparing various indicators preintervention and postintervention, the research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of health Qigong in enhancing cardiovascular health within this demographic.

Methods:
A total of 40 middle-aged and elderly women were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group, consisting of 20 women, practiced health Qigong combined with Tibetan dance for 12 weeks, 3 times per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The control group, also consisting of 20 women, continued their regular routines without any exercise intervention. Cardiovascular function metrics were subsequently compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
(1) Pulse wave velocity: in the experimental group, significant improvements were observed, particularly in the right ankle (P =.02 for left ankle, P =.00 for right ankle). The control group showed no significant differences (P =.08 for both ankles); (2) blood lipid levels: the experimental group demonstrated significant reductions in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels (P =.00 for both), while the control group showed no significant changes (P =.59 for total cholesterol, P =.71 for triglycerides). There were significant differences in high-density lipoprotein levels between the experimental and control groups (P =.00 and .01, respectively); (3) cardiac function: significant improvements were noted in cardiac output (Teich) and stroke volume (Teich) in the experimental group (P =.00 for both), while the control group showed no significant differences (P =.71 for cardiac output, P =.06 for stroke volume).

Conclusion:
Health Qigong, integrated with dance exercise effectively enhances pulse wave velocity, blood lipid levels, and cardiac function in middle-aged and elderly women. These findings suggest that incorporating such exercises may contribute to the prevention or delay of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this population.
Insulin in aluminum phosphide poisoning: A systematic review of the current literature
Authors: Shukla Ravi , Lamichhane Kiran , Pandey Dhritee , Gupta Chandan Kumar , Shukla Sashank 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a commonly used fumigant in agriculture and grain preservation because of its high potency and low cost. Due to the absence of a specific antidote and promising treatment modality, poisoning with this substance is deadly. Amid multiple studies in different parts of the world, each exploring options like lavage, inotropes, antioxidants, etc, we conducted a systematic review to find the possible role of exogenous insulin in treating symptomatic cases of AlP poisoning.

Methods:
Experimental studies released before February 15, 2024, that reported the use of exogenous insulin were systematically reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. The search was done on PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.

Results:
After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we finalized a few scientific papers for the review. Studying data from 4 scientific papers (3 quasi-experimental studies and 1 randomized controlled trial), we could postulate the significant improvement in survivability after the inclusion of exogenous insulin in the treatment of poisoned cases of AlP. Studies showed divergent results for the blood pressure, blood gases, and need for mechanical ventilation. Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypokalemia were the reported adverse effects of this therapy.

Conclusion:
Our review found that the use of exogenous insulin in AlP poisoning reduced mortality rates, which was consistent across all studies. With available knowledge, its inclusion as a part of therapy might be beneficial in AlP poisoning, but to put it forward confidently, we still need high-quality randomized control trials. It is indeed a subject of interest for future research.
Meta-analysis of the curative effect of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation on neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury
Authors: Yu Xingxing , Chen Jianye , Liu Mingda , Li Yunfei , Jia Yuyan , Zhan Hongsheng , Wang Xukai 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The curative effect of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation on the neurogenic bladder (NB) after spinal cord injury (SCI) is unclear. This study made a meta-analysis of the curative effect of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation on the NB after SCI and put forward a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of this disease.

Methods:
The databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM were searched by computer, and the randomized controlled trials of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation in the treatment of NB after SCI were collected. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to September 25, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed with Stata 15.0 software.

Results:
This study finally included 10 articles, including 537 patients. Meta-analysis shows that the sacral nerve magnetic stimulation treatment group can effectively improve urodynamics: the maximum bladder capacity increases (mean difference [MD], 40.76 [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.24–48.28]; P ˂ .05), the bladder capacity increases at the beginning of urination (MD, 12.82 [95% CI, 11.02–14.62]; P ˂ .05), and the residual urine volume decreases (MD, −38.08 [95% CI, −51.36 to −24.79]; P˂.05). In the aspect of urination diary, the sacral nerve magnetic stimulation treatment group also has advantages compared with the conventional treatment group: the increase in single urine volume (MD, 22.49 [95% CI, 18.68–26.30]; P˂.05), the maximum urine volume (MD, 32.84 [95% CI, 22.37–43.30]; P˂.05), and the decrease in urination times (MD, −2.23 [95% CI, −3.13 to −1.33]; P˂.05). After the treatment of sacral nerve magnetic stimulation, the quality of life of patients can be improved: quality-of-life score (MD, −0.62 [95% CI, −0.91 to −0.34]; P˂.05).

Conclusion:
Combined with functional magnetic stimulation of the sacral nerve, routine treatment is superior to routine treatment in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with NB after SCI.
Negative outcome in cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection treated with surgical intervention: Two-case report
Authors: Sang Bo , Xia Xiujiao , Liu Zehu 
Published: October 2024

Rationale:

Mycobacterium marinum (M marinum), a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), is widely distributed in aquatic environments. It is a well-known cutaneous pathogen, which causes sporotrichosis-like lesions.

Patient concerns:
In this report, we describe 2 cases of subcutaneous M marinum infection. Both patients underwent several surgical procedures at local hospitals, and despite optimal surgical site healing, new lesions appeared in adjacent sites.

Diagnoses:
Based on NTM culture, identification by gene sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the diagnosis of subcutaneous NTM infection was confirmed.

Interventions:
The patients were treated with oral rifampicin 0.45 g/day and clarithromycin 1 g/day and oral doxycycline hydrochloride capsules (200 mg/day), respectively.

Outcomes:
Both patients were treated for 8 and 5 weeks, respectively, and the lesions healed.

Lessons:
Surgical debridement cannot compete with or impede NTM lymphatic spread; antimicrobial therapy is the first choice for the treatment of M marinum infections.
DDHD2 is involved in the malignant progression of early luminal A breast cancer by changing cell membrane proteins and immune responses functionality
Authors: Song Yawen , Guo Liantao , Kong Deguang , Sun Shengrong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Luminal A breast cancer has the best prognosis of all malignant breast cancer types. In clinical practice, some patients with luminal A breast cancer present with small tumors (usually <20 mm) but with lymph node metastases or even distant organ metastasis. Owing to their insensitivity to chemotherapy and the lack of conclusive clinical evidence, there is a significant gap in research on luminal A breast cancer with high invasiveness. This study aimed to identify genes that drive the invasiveness of luminal A breast cancer and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
In this study, we first utilized bioinformatics techniques to analyze differentially expressed mRNAs and enrich common functional pathways to identify the target gene DDHD domain containing 2 (DDHD2). We then evaluated the association between DDHD2 expression and patient prognosis, genetic material changes, and transcriptional, translational, and immune responses in luminal A breast cancer. We also conducted experiments at the molecular and cellular levels to validate these biochemical mechanisms.

Results
The expression of DDHD2 varied between patients with low-grade luminal A breast cancer with and without lymph node metastases. Our findings demonstrated that DDHD2 exerted carcinogenic effects through various pathways by altering cell adhesion and migration, regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis cycles, and suppressing immune responses. Moreover, a pathway through which DDHD2 inhibited immunity was preliminarily verified.

Conclusions
The results revealed a novel role for DDHD2 in promoting the malignant transformation and invasiveness of luminal A breast cancer. Considering its effects on the tumor microenvironment and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, DDHD2 is proposed as a reliable direction for future immunotherapy and a potential target in luminal A breast cancer immune resistance.
Long-term volume retention of breast augmentation with fat grafting depends on weight changes: a three-year prospective MRI study
Authors: Ørholt Mathias , Weltz Tim K. , Hemmingsen Mathilde N. , Larsen Andreas , Bak Erik E. F. , Norlin Caroline B. , Hart Liv , Elberg Jens Jørgen , Vester-Glowinski Peter V. , Herly Mikkel 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Fat grafting is increasingly used for breast augmentation. However, long-term volume retention, time to reach steady state, and the effect of postoperative weight changes on these outcomes are not fully understood.

Methods:
In this prospective study, we included patients undergoing breast augmentation with fat grafting and examined them with MRI preoperatively and up to three years postoperatively. We modeled fat graft retention over time and calculated the time to volumetric steady state of the fat graft. Secondly, we used our model to assess the effect of postoperative weight changes on fat graft retention and to determine the association between the graft/recipient volume ratio and the percentage breast augmentation at steady state. Finally, we assessed patient satisfaction using the BREAST-Q questionnaire.

Results:
The study included 28 patients (46 breasts). The time to steady state was 253 days (95%CI 185-283) postoperatively, with a volume retention of 46% (95%CI 35-58). Patients with a weight loss of one BMI point after surgery had a volume retention of 22% (95%CI 4.7-38) while those increasing one and two BMI points had retention rates of 57% (95%CI 45-69) and 85% (95%CI 72-98), respectively. Increasing graft/recipient volume ratio was associated with higher percentage augmentation with no plateau in this relationship even up to ratios of 2:1. Postoperative satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being increased substantially.

Conclusions:
Breast augmentation with fat grafting reached volumetric steady state after 8 months with a volume retention of 46%. Weight loss following fat grafting leads to significantly lower volume retention.
Using Stay Interviews as a Quality Improvement Tool for Healthcare Workforce Retention
Authors: McCoy Matthew , Cannedy Shay , Oishi Kristina , Canelo Ismelda , Hamilton Alison B. , Olmos-Ochoa Tanya T. 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:
The novel coronavirus of 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic exacerbated already persistent health care workforce issues—eg, overwhelming workloads, chronic understaffing, and burnout—associated with turnover intent and actual turnover. While turnover may be inevitable, strategies that help organizations anticipate and mitigate its impact require knowledge about how employees are experiencing their work (not just performing) on an ongoing basis. Unlike performance appraisals, “stay interviewsing” is a proactive management approach to assess the organizational and personal factors that influence current employees’ retention in their roles (ie, why they stay). We describe our process of developing and using a stay interview guide with current Women’s Health Patient-Aligned Care Teams (WH-PACT) employees and comment on the feasibility of conducting these interviews, their acceptability by participating employees, and their potential application to inform retention strategies in learning health systems (LHS) like the Veterans Health Administration (VA).

Methods:
We conducted 24 stay interviews with current WH-PACT employees, including women’s health primary care providers (WH-PCPs, n = 7), registered nurses (RNs, n = 6), licensed practical nurses (LPNs, n = 6), and medical support assistants (MSAs, n = 5) with established tenure (greater than 3 years for MSAs and LPNs, and greater than 5 years for RNs and WH-PCPs) at VA medical centers and community-based outpatient clinics. Using rapid qualitative analysis, we summarized interview transcripts for preliminary insights that describe the utility of stay interviews to collect feedback on clinician and non-clinician employees’ experiences of work in VA women’s health primary care.

Results:
The responses and feedback from our participants indicate that stay interviews are potentially feasible for LHS to use as a retention tool and are acceptable to employees for sharing their perspectives.

Conclusion:
We discuss who should conduct stay interviews and the potential ethical implications organizations must consider before conducting them.
Mitigating Medical Adverse Events Following Spinal Surgery: The Effectiveness of a Postoperative Quality Improvement (QI) Care Bundle
Authors: Moskven Eryck , Craig Michael , Banaszek Daniel , Inglis Tom , Belanger Lise , Sayre Eric C. , Ailon Tamir , Charest-Morin Raphaële , Dea Nicolas , Dvorak Marcel F. , Fisher Charles G. , Kwon Brian K. , Paquette Scott , Chittock Dean R. , Griesdale Donald E.G. , Street John T. 
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:
Spine surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative medical adverse events (AEs). Many of these events are considered “minor” though their cost and effect on outcome may be underestimated. We sought to examine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a postoperative quality improvement (QI) care bundle in mitigating postoperative medical AEs in adult surgical spine patients.

Methods:
We collected 14-year prospective observational interrupted time series (ITS) with two historical cohorts: 2006 to 2008, pre-implementation of the postoperative QI care bundle; and 2009 to 2019, post-implementation of the postoperative QI care bundle. Adverse Events were identified and graded (Minor I and II) using the previously validated Spine AdVerse Events Severity (SAVES) system. Pearson Correlation tested for changes across patient and surgical variables. Adjusted segmented regression estimated the effect of the postoperative QI care bundle on the annual and absolute incidences of medical AEs between the two periods. A cost model estimated the annual cumulative cost savings through preventing these “minor” medical AEs.

Results:
We included 13,493 patients over the study period with a mean of 964 per year (SD ± 73). Mean age, mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and mean spine surgical invasiveness index (SSII) increased from 48.4 to 58.1 years; 1.7 to 2.6; and 15.4 to 20.5, respectively (p < 0.001). Unadjusted analysis confirmed a significant decrease in the annual number of all medical AEs (p < 0.01). When adjusting for age, CCI and SSII, segmented regression demonstrated a significant absolute reduction in the annual incidence of cardiac, pulmonary, nausea and medication-related AEs by 9.58%, 7.82%, 11.25% and 15.01%, respectively (p < 0.01). The postoperative QI care bundle was not associated with reducing the annual incidence of delirium, electrolyte levels or GI AEs. Annual projected cost savings for preventing Grade I and II medical AEs were $1,808,300 CAD and $11,961,500 CAD.

Conclusion:
Postoperative QI care bundles are effective for improving patient care and preventing medical care-related AEs, with significant cost savings. Postoperative QI care bundles should be tailored to the specific vulnerability of the surgical population for experiencing AEs.
Social ageing can protect against infectious disease in a group-living primate
Authors: Siracusa Erin R. , Pavez-Fox Melissa A. , Negron-Del Valle Josué E. , Phillips Daniel , Platt Michael L. , Snyder-Mackler Noah , Higham James P. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Silk Matthew J. 
Published: October 2024

The benefits of social living are well established, but sociality also comes with costs, including infectious disease risk. This cost–benefit ratio of sociality is expected to change across individuals’ lifespans, which may drive changes in social behaviour with age. To explore this idea, we combine data from a group-living primate for which social ageing has been described with epidemiological models to show that having lower social connectedness when older can protect against the costs of a hypothetical, directly transmitted endemic pathogen. Assuming no age differences in epidemiological characteristics (susceptibility to, severity and duration of infection), older individuals suffered lower infection costs, which was explained largely because they were less connected in their social networks than younger individuals. This benefit of ‘social ageing’ depended on epidemiological characteristics and was greatest when infection severity increased with age. When infection duration increased with age, social ageing was beneficial only when pathogen transmissibility was low. Older individuals benefited most from having a lower frequency of interactions (strength) and network embeddedness (closeness) and benefited less from having fewer social partners (degree). Our study provides a first examination of the epidemiology of social ageing, demonstrating the potential for pathogens to influence the evolutionary dynamics of social ageing in natural populations.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age and society using natural populations’.