bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat Surgery for Patients Operated in Childhood for Early-Onset Esotropia and Suffering from Persistent Residual, Recurrent or Consecutive Strabismus
Authors: Roth André , Rossillion Béatrice 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Patients operated in childhood for early esotropia may suffer from persistent strabismus, whether residual, recurrent, or consecutive, usually with a more complex oculomotor imbalance than in primitive strabismus.
History and Signs The clinical data are fundamental, in particular, (1) the basic accommodation-free deviation, (2) the horizontal far/near incomitance, (3) the cyclovertical incomitances and/or A or V pattern, and (4) the motility restrictions. In complicated cases, magnetic resonance tomography of the orbits showed the anomalies of the eye and muscle position. The intraoperative findings have to be taken into account, such as (1) the position of the eyes and (2) the muscle extensibility in antagonistic muscle pairs. Twenty-seven patients, aged 16 to 62, were included in the present retrospective study. All of them had repeat surgery between 2013 to 2018, 15 for residual esotropia and 12 for consecutive exotropia.
Therapy and Outcome In five of the eight patients with posterior fixation sutures on the medial recti, the residual exo or estropia was moderate and could be corrected with a recession or tuck of the lateral recti. In the three other patients with pronounced esotropia, revision of the posterior fixation sutures was carried out. In 19 patients (11 esotropia and 8 exotropia) with only prior conventional surgery, the surgical choice for the residual deviation went electively to the muscles that were most responsible for the motor imbalance, without using posterior fixation sutures. In 4 of these 19 patients, the deviation was small due, in particular, to residual incomitances. For any persistent cyclovertical incomitance, the overacting oblique muscles were recessed, and, in four patients with an A or V pattern, the lateral rectus insertions shifted to the horizontal meridian in the same procedure.
Discussion The two main difficulties are to assess (1) the imbalance of the active and passive muscle force and (2) the surgically induced incomitances.
Futterverweigerung bei Mastbullen durch eine Kontamination
der Maissilage mit Gewöhnlichem Stechapfel (Datura
stramonium)
Authors: Aboling Sabine , Rieger Hanna , Kölln Mareike , Tenhündfeld Jörg , Roerink Gerwin , Platje Nadine , Kamphues Josef 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungIm Dezember 2017 kam es in einem Bullenmastbetrieb mit Fresseraufzucht in
Westdeutschland innerhalb eines Tages plötzlich zu einem Rückgang der
Futteraufnahme bei ansonsten zunächst ungestörtem Allgemeinbefinden der Tiere.
Die reduzierte Futteraufnahme war am darauffolgenden Tag noch ausgeprägter;
zudem zeigten einige Tiere eine Pansentympanie mit dorsaler Gasblase, die eine
Behandlung erforderte. Als mögliche Ursache kam die Maissilage infrage, die seit
dem Tag der reduzierten Futteraufnahme aus einem anderen Silobereich entnommen
wurde als zuvor. Diese Maissilage-Partie stammte von einer Ackerfläche, auf der
in einem gewässernahen Teilbereich übliche Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen nicht erfolgt
waren und die zudem stark von Windschäden betroffen war (viele abgeknickte
Maispflanzen). Nur auf diesem Areal wuchs Gewöhnlicher Stechapfel, dessen
Früchte und Samen in den inkriminierten Maissilageproben nachgewiesen wurden.
Nach einem Austausch der Maissilage gegen nicht kontaminiertes Material und
einer Behandlung der von einer Tympanie betroffenen Tiere mit einem
Antitympanikum sowie einem Lebendhefe-Präparat erholten sich die Bullen
innerhalb von 6 Tagen. Ursächlich für diese auffällige Symptomatik waren
vermutlich die antinutritiven Inhaltsstoffe von Datura stramonium, die
nachgewiesenermaßen die Magen-Darm-Motorik beeinträchtigen können.
Botulinumtoxin in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Wabbels Bettina 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Anwendung von Botulinumtoxin (BTX) ist inzwischen der Goldstandard zur Behandlung von Lidkrämpfen (essenzieller Blepharospasmus, Hemispasmus facialis, Synkinesien nach Fazialisparese). Weitere wichtige Indikationen sind die Behandlung von Lidretraktionen bei endokriner Orbitopathie und die Induktion einer protektiven Ptosis bei Lagophthalmus oder schweren Hornhauterkrankungen.
Pupillenstörungen
Authors: Wermund Thomas , Wilhelm Helmut , Kelbsch Carina 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Beurteilung der Pupille ist ein wichtiger Teil der neuroophthalmologischen Diagnostik. Der Nachweis einer afferenten oder efferenten Pupillenstörung lässt Rückschlüsse auf ein weites Spektrum relevanter Erkrankungen des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems zu. Dieses Update erfasst einen wesentlichen Teil der Pupillenstörungen der alltäglichen Praxis des Augenarztes. Die Bedeutung der Pupillenuntersuchung hingegen reicht weit über das Fach der Augenheilkunde hinaus.
Das augenärztliche Gutachten. Teil 1: Grundlagen für die Erstellung eines augenärztlichen Gutachtens
Authors: von Livonius Bettina 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDas augenärztliche Gutachten hat oft juristische und finanzielle Folgen für die Betroffenen. Es ist daher wichtig, dass es formal richtig und qualitativ hochwertig erstellt wird. Leider werden die erforderlichen Untersuchungen häufig nicht optimal durchgeführt, Befunde nicht untermauert, Formalien nicht eingehalten. In diesem Beitrag geht es um die Grundlagen, die bei jeder Gutachtenerstellung beachtet werden müssen. Weitere Beiträge folgen.
A comparative analysis of the effect of using translation, definition, etymology, and imageable expressions on the
retention of idioms
Authors: Jahangard Ali , Sedaghatkar Mozhgan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effect of four prevailing teaching methods, i.e., translation, definition,
etymology, and imageable expressions on the immediate and delayed retention of idioms in the receptive and productive modes. To
meet this end, 120 EFL Iranian learners participated in the study. Thirty of them received idioms through definition, thirty
through translation, thirty through pictures, and thirty through etymology in their first language. Twenty idioms were selected
and taught in two sessions. Retention of the idioms, in the productive and receptive modes was measured immediately after the
class and again two weeks later. The results indicated that etymology and pictorial methods had a remarkably more positive
influence on the immediate and delayed retention of the idioms in both the receptive and productive modes.
Lexical complexity of academic presentations
Authors: Zareva Alla 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present study examined the lexical complexity profiles of academic presentations of three groups of university
students (N = 93) – native English speaking, English as a second language, and English as a lingua franca users.
It adopted a notion of lexical complexity which includes lexical diversity, lexical density, and lexical sophistication as main
dimensions of the framework. The study aimed at finding out how the three academically similar groups of presenters compared on
their lexical complexity choices, what the lexical complexity profiles of high quality students’ academic presentations looked
like, and whether we can identify variables that contribute to the overall lexical complexity of presentations given by each group
in a unique way. The findings revealed overwhelming similarities across the three groups of presenters and also suggested that the
three dimensional framework provides a holistic picture of the lexical complexity for various groups of English for academic
purposes presenters.
Microstructure-based multi-scale evaluation of fluid flow in an anthracite coal sample with partially-percolating voxels
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Zhang Junfang , Yang Y S , Li Ruru , Li Jianli , Yang Jianli , Liu Keyu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Understanding fluid flow behavior in coal is of great significance for coal-bed methane exploration. X-ray CT and image segmentation have been widely used to extract pore network and generate flow field grids for flow simulation in coal samples. However, these techniques have fundamental limitations for the multi-scale characterization of coal samples, where the sub-voxel scale details could not be resolved for millimeter scale macroscopic samples. This makes it difficult to simulate the multi-scale flow behavior of fluid transport in coal sample with varying pore scales. The primary challenge is to make connection between simulation results of different scales. In the present work, multi-scale fluid flow in an anthracite coal sample was simulated by incorporating the data-constrained modeling (DCM), molecular dynamics (MD) method and partially-percolating lattice Boltzmann method (PP-LBM). In this multi-scale simulation method, three-dimensional (3D) flow field containing multi-scale structural information of the coal sample was generated by combining DCM with multi-energy synchrotron radiation CT. Multi-scale fluid flow was simulated by PP-LBM. In PP-LBM, an effective percolation fraction parameter which represents the effective volume fraction of the fluid that contributed to the flow for the voxel was used as a bridge to connect the fluid flow pattern of sub-voxel scales and voxel scales. The effective percolation fraction of a voxel versus its porosity was derived by MD simulations at the sub-voxel size level. The 3D distribution of fluid speed in the coal sample and its permeability were obtained by this multi-scale method. The numerical results are consistent with published laboratory measurements. Our proposed approach incorporated multi-scale effects and offered a more realistic fluid transport simulation method for a coal sample with varying pore size scales from the microscopic to macroscopic level. The method would be applicable for fluid transport simulations for other multi-scale porous materials.
An inter-comparison of the social costs of air quality from reduced-complexity models
Authors: Gilmore Elisabeth A , Heo Jinhyok , Muller Nicholas Z , Tessum Christopher W , Hill Jason D , Marshall Julian D , Adams Peter J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Reliable estimates of externality costs—such as the costs arising from premature mortality due to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—are critical for policy analysis. To facilitate broader analysis, several datasets of the social costs of air quality have been produced by a set of reduced-complexity models (RCMs). It is much easier to use the tabulated marginal costs derived from RCMs than it is to run ‘state-of-the-science’ chemical transport models (CTMs). However, the differences between these datasets have not been systematically examined, leaving analysts with no guidance on how and when these differences matter. Here, we compare per-tonne marginal costs from ground level and elevated emission sources for each county in the United States for sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3) and inert primary PM2.5 from three RCMs: Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy (AP2), Estimating Air pollution Social Impacts Using Regression (EASIUR) and the Intervention Model for Air Pollution (InMAP). National emission-weighted average damages vary among models by approximately 21%, 31%, 28% and 12% for inert primary PM2.5, SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions, respectively, for ground-level sources. For elevated sources, emission-weighted damages vary by approximately 42%, 26%, 42% and 20% for inert primary PM2.5, SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions, respectively. Despite fundamental structural differences, the three models predict marginal costs that are within the same order of magnitude. That different and independent methods have converged on similar results bolsters confidence in the RCMs. Policy analyzes of national-level air quality policies that sum over pollutants and geographical locations are often robust to these differences, although the differences may matter for more source- or location-specific analyzes. Overall, the loss of fidelity caused by using RCMs and their social cost datasets in place of CTMs is modest.
MENDA: a comprehensive curated resource of metabolic characterization in depression
Authors: Pu Juncai , Yu Yue , Liu Yiyun , Tian Lu , Gui Siwen , Zhong Xiaogang , Fan Chu , Xu Shaohua , Song Xuemian , Liu Lanxiang , Yang Lining , Zheng Peng , Chen Jianjun , Cheng Ke , Zhou Chanjuan , Wang Haiyang , Xie Peng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Depression is a seriously disabling psychiatric disorder with a significant burden of disease. Metabolic abnormalities have been widely reported in depressed patients and animal models. However, there are few systematic efforts that integrate meaningful biological insights from these studies. Herein, available metabolic knowledge in the context of depression was integrated to provide a systematic and panoramic view of metabolic characterization. After screening more than 10 000 citations from five electronic literature databases and five metabolomics databases, we manually curated 5675 metabolite entries from 464 studies, including human, rat, mouse and non-human primate, to develop a new metabolite-disease association database, called MENDA (http://menda.cqmu.edu.cn:8080/index.php). The standardized data extraction process was used for data collection, a multi-faceted annotation scheme was developed, and a user-friendly search engine and web interface were integrated for database access. To facilitate data analysis and interpretation based on MENDA, we also proposed a systematic analytical framework, including data integration and biological function analysis. Case studies were provided that identified the consistently altered metabolites using the vote-counting method, and that captured the underlying molecular mechanism using pathway and network analyses. Collectively, we provided a comprehensive curation of metabolic characterization in depression. Our model of a specific psychiatry disorder may be replicated to study other complex diseases.
Is combined extra-hepatic bile-duct resection justified for advanced gallbladder carcinoma?
Authors: Wang Jun-Ke , Ma Wen-Jie , Wu Zhen-Ru , Yang Qin , Hu Hai-Jie , Liu Fei , Li Fu-Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether the extra-hepatic bile duct (EHBD) should be routinely resected for gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) remains controversial. The current study aimed to determine the clinical impact of combined EHBD resection during curative surgery for advanced GBC.MethodsIn total, 213 patients who underwent curative surgery for T2, T3 or T4 GBC were enrolled. The clinicopathological features were compared between the patients treated with EHBD resection and those without EHBD resection. Meanwhile, univariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to identify risk factors for overall survival (OS).ResultsAmong the 213 patients identified, 87 (40.8%) underwent combined EHBD resection. Compared with patients without EHBD resection, patients with EHBD resection suffered more post-operative complications (33.3% vs. 21.4%, P = 0.046). However, the median OS of the EHBD resection group was longer than that of the non-EHBD resection group (25 vs. 11 months, P = 0.008). Subgroup analyses were also performed according to tumor (T) category and lymph-node metastasis. The median OS was significantly longer in the EHBD resection group than in the non-EHBD resection group for patients with T3 lesion (15 vs. 7 months, P = 0.002), T4 lesion (11 vs. 6 months, P = 0.021) or lymph-node metastasis (12 vs. 7 months, P &lt; 0.001). No survival benefit of EHBD resection was observed in GBC patients with T2 lesion or without lymph-node metastasis. T category, lymph-node metastasis, margin status, pre-operative CA19-9 level and EHBD resection were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS of patients with advanced GBC (all P values &lt;0.05).Conclusions EHBD resection can independently affect the OS in advanced GBC. For GBC patients with T3 lesion, T4 lesion and lymph-node metastasis, combined EHBD resection is justified and may improve OS.
Resistance of Soybean Plant Introductions to Three Colonies of Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Biotype 4
Authors: Conzemius Sophia R , Hesler Louis S , Varenhorst Adam J , Tilmon Kelley J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), infestations of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and the associated yield loss have led to a large dependence on insecticidal management in soybean throughout the Midwestern United States. However, several populations of pyrethroid-resistant soybean aphids have recently been found in Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota, which highlights the importance of alternative management approaches. One such alternative method is host-plant resistance, which uses naturally occurring plant defenses in crop cultivars to reduce the potential for yield loss from a pest population. Current soybean aphid-resistant cultivars do not protect against all soybean aphids due to the presence of virulent biotypes. In particular, soybean aphid biotype 4 is virulent to Rag1 and Rag2 resistance genes both individually and in combination. However, we hypothesized that resistance to biotype 4 may exist in previously identified, but uncharacterized resistant soybean plant introductions (PIs). To test this, we evaluated 51 previously identified but uncharacterized soybean aphid-resistant PIs for their resistance to colonies of soybean aphid biotype 4 collected in separate site-years (Lomira, WI 2013; Volga, SD 2015, 2016). Free-choice tests identified 14 PIs with putative resistance to ‘Lomira13’, two to ‘Volga15’, and eight to ‘Volga16’ soybean aphid colonies. Follow-up, no-choice tests corroborated two to three resistant PIs per colony, and PI 437696, which was resistant to each of the three colonies and could aid in breeding efforts and an integrated approach to soybean aphid management.
Pervasive Resistance to Pyrethroids in German Cockroaches (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) Related to Lack of Efficacy of Total Release Foggers
Authors: DeVries Zachary C , Santangelo Richard G , Crissman Jonathan , Suazo Alonso , Kakumanu Madhavi L , Schal Coby 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite limited efficacy data, do-it-yourself (DIY) insecticide products often promise low-cost alternatives to professional pest control. Total release foggers (TRFs, ‘bug bombs’), which are prominent DIY products, were recently shown to be ineffective at reducing German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) infestations, in contrast to highly effective baits. However, the reason(s) for TRF failure remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated insecticide resistance of apartment-collected cockroaches from homes where TRFs failed. In topical (direct) application assays, resistance to cypermethrin (a common active ingredient in TRFs) was 202 ± 33 times that of a laboratory insecticide-susceptible population (based on LD50 ratios), while resistance to fipronil, a common bait active ingredient, was considerably lower at 14 ± 2 times that of the laboratory insecticide-susceptible population. The addition of PBO, a P450 inhibitor that synergizes pyrethroids, enhanced the efficacy of cypermethrin, but only at high doses of cypermethrin. Additionally, >96% of screened cockroaches possessed at least one copy of the L993F mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel, known to confer resistance to pyrethroids (knockdown resistance, kdr). Because TRF treatments killed insecticide-susceptible sentinel cockroaches but failed to kill apartment-collected cockroaches, these results suggest that pyrethroid resistance is a major factor contributing to the failure of TRFs. Multiple mechanisms of resistance, including metabolic detoxification of the pyrethroids and kdr mutations that confer target-site insensitivity, suggest that TRFs would lack efficacy against German cockroaches in residential settings, where high levels of pyrethroid resistance have been documented globally.
Jasmonate signalling in carnivorous plants: copycat of plant defence mechanisms
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Mithöfer Axel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe lipid-derived jasmonate phytohormones (JAs) regulate a wide spectrum of physiological processes in plants such as growth, development, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and defence against pathogen infection and insect attack. Recently, a new role for JAs has been revealed in carnivorous plants. In these specialized plants, JAs can induce the formation of digestive cavities and regulate enzyme production in response to different stimuli from caught prey. Appearing to be a new function for JAs in plants, a closer look reveals that the signalling pathways involved resemble known signalling pathways from plant defence mechanisms. Moreover, the digestion-related secretome of carnivorous plants is composed of many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and low molecular weight compounds, indicating that the plant carnivory syndrome is related to and has evolved from plant defence mechanisms. This review describes the similarities between defence and carnivory. It further describes how, after recognition of caught insects, JAs enable the carnivorous plants to digest and benefit from the prey. In addition, a causal connection between electrical and jasmonate signalling is discussed.
Inequality: an assessment
Authors: Mayhew Ken , Wills Samuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Concern about inequality, particularly inequality of income and wealth, has become prominent in public discourse around the world. This article first discusses issues of measurement and goes on to ask why we should care, emphasizing fairness and the market distortions and negative externalities found in unequal societies. It documents that the decline in global inequality in recent decades has been due to falling inequality between, rather than within, countries. The popular picture of rising inequality in OECD countries is more varied and complex than often perceived. Its drivers include aspects of globalization and of technological change as well as changes in the distribution of market power, in financial markets, public policy, and monetary policy. There are two over-arching questions about how governments can address inequality. The first is what should be tackled at the international level and what should be the preserve of national policy. The second is what should be the balance between pre- and post-market interventions. Both have a role but generally the balance has been too skewed towards the latter.