bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spondylodiscitis developing in a young man – diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties
Authors: Kalinova Desislava , Rashkov Rasho 
Published: November 2018

Infectious spondylodiscitis is characterized by vertebral osteomyelitis, spondylitis, and discitis. Patients present with persistent low back pain, fever, or neurological findings. Diagnosis is made with a combination of clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. Magnetic resonance tomography (MRI) has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and differentiation of the type of spondylodiscitis and may reveal signs of spondylodiscitis even in very early stages. Infectious spondylodiscitis responds to antimicrobial therapy well if diagnosed early before development of neurological deficit and requirement of surgical intervention. We present a clinical case of spondylodiscitis developing in a young immunocompetent man without any predisposing factors.
The influence of photochemical aging on light absorption of atmospheric black carbon and aerosol single-scattering albedo
Authors: Xu Xuezhe , Zhao Weixiong , Qian Xiaodong , Wang Shuo , Fang Bo , Zhang Qilei , Zhang Weijun , Venables Dean S. , Chen Weidong , Huang Yong , Deng Xueliang , Wu Biwen , Lin Xinfeng , Zhao Sen , Tong Yingxiang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Coating enhancement of black carbon (BC) light absorption (Eabs)
is a large uncertainty in modelling direct radiative forcing (DRF) by BC.
Reported Eabs values after atmospheric aging vary widely and the
mechanisms responsible for enhancing BC absorption remain elusive. Here, we
report on the direct field measurement of size-resolved mixing state,
Eabs, and aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) at
λ = 532 nm at a rural site in east China from June to July 2016.
Strong diurnal variability of Eabs, SSA, and
Ox
(Ox = NO2 + O3, a proxy for
atmospheric photochemical aging) was observed. A method that combined
Eabs and SSA was developed to retrieve the fraction contribution
of BC absorption (fBC), lensing-driven enhancement
(fLens), as well as the fractional contribution of coating
absorption (fraction absorption contribution (fShell), the coated
shell diameter (DShell) and the imaginary part of the complex
refractive index (CRI) of the shell (kShell)). Parameterization
of Eabs and SSA captures much of the influence of BC coating and
the particle absorption. In our measurements at this site, the results showed
that the absorption amplification depended on the coating thickness and the
absorption of coating materials, and photochemistry plays a role in modifying
the absorption of BC-containing particles. The lensing-driven enhancement was
reduced by light absorption of the shell. One implication of these findings
is that the contribution of light-absorbing organic compounds (brown carbon,
BrC) at a longer aging time should be included in climate models.
Impacts of physical parameterization on prediction of ethane concentrations for oil and gas emissions in WRF-Chem
Authors: Abdi-Oskouei Maryam , Pfister Gabriele , Flocke Frank , Sobhani Negin , Saide Pablo , Fried Alan , Richter Dirk , Weibring Petter , Walega James , Carmichael Gregory 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Recent increases in natural gas (NG) production through hydraulic
fracturing have called the climate benefit of switching from
coal-fired to natural gas-fired power plants into question. Higher than expected levels of
methane, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and NOx have been
observed in areas close to oil and NG operation facilities. Large
uncertainties in the oil and NG operation emission inventories reduce the
confidence level in the impact assessment of such activities on regional air
quality and climate, as well as in the development of effective mitigation policies.
In this work, we used ethane as the indicator of oil and NG emissions and
explored the sensitivity of ethane to different physical parameterizations and
simulation setups in the Weather Research and Forecasting with
Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model using the US EPA National Emission
Inventory (NEI-2011). We evaluated the impact of the following configurations
and parameterizations on predicted ethane concentrations: planetary boundary
layer (PBL) parameterizations, daily re-initialization of meteorological
variables, meteorological initial and boundary conditions, and horizontal
resolution. We assessed the uncertainties around oil and NG emissions
using measurements from the FRAPPÉ and DISCOVER-AQ campaigns over the
northern Front Range metropolitan area (NFRMA) in summer 2014. The
sensitivity analysis shows up to 57.3 % variability in the normalized mean bias
of the near-surface modeled ethane across the simulations, which highlights
the important role of model configurations on the model performance and
ultimately the assessment of emissions. Comparison between airborne
measurements and the sensitivity simulations indicates that the
model–measurement bias of ethane ranged from −14.9 to −8.2 ppb (NMB
ranged from −80.5 % to −44 %) in regions close to oil and NG
activities. Underprediction of ethane concentration in all sensitivity runs
suggests an actual underestimation of the oil and NG emissions in the
NEI-2011. An increase of oil and NG emissions in the simulations partially
improved the model performance in capturing ethane and lumped alkanes (HC3)
concentrations but did not impact the model performance in capturing benzene,
toluene, and xylene; this is due to very low emission rates of the latter species
from the oil and NG sector in NEI-2011.
Field survey of Typhoon Hato (2017) and a comparison with storm surge modeling in Macau
Authors: Li Linlin , Yang Jie , Lin Chuan-Yao , Chua Constance Ting , Wang Yu , Zhao Kuifeng , Wu Yun-Ta , Liu Philip Li-Fan , Switzer Adam D. , Mok Kai Meng , Wang Peitao , Peng Dongju 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. On 23 August 2017 a Category 3 hurricane, Typhoon Hato, struck southern China.
Among the hardest hit cities, Macau experienced the worst flooding since
1925. In this paper, we present a high-resolution survey map recording
inundation depths and distances at 278 sites in Macau. We show that one-half
of the Macau Peninsula was inundated, with the extent largely confined by the
hilly topography. The Inner Harbor area suffered the most, with a maximum
inundation depth of 3.1 m at the coast. Using a combination of numerical
models, we simulate and reproduce this typhoon and storm surge event. We
further investigate the effects of tidal level and sea level rise on coastal
inundations in Macau during the landfall of a “Hato-like” event.
Actinic keratosis prevention – A double-blind, half-face interventional study with a topical treatment
Authors: Sorbellini Elisabetta , Marzani Barbara , Pinto Daniela , Rinaldi Fabio 
Published: November 2018

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a chronic and recurrent disease and in this double-blind, half face, placebo controlled study we attempt to examine the efficacy of a topical treatment containing 2,4,6-octatrienoic acid and anthraquinone knipholone for the prevention of new AK lesion formations. New lesion onset was detected with methyl-5-aminolevulinic acid and Wood’s lamp after 6 months of treatment (T1) and 12 months after treatment end (T2). Absence of new lesion at T1, was 86.11% in active treatment side while 77.78% in placebo side. At T2 the percentage was higher in skin treated with active product (83.33% of subjects) compared to placebo (63.89% of subjects).Taking into consideration the number of new lesions during the study period, at T1 the new AK lesions were not statistically significantly influenced by the treatments, while at T2, AK lesions were detected in 30.55% of placebo-treated area while in the contralateral part the lesions were 13.89%. The reduction induced by active treatment was statistically significant.The product containing 2,4,6-octatrienoicienoic acid and anthraquinone knipholone is effective in reducing new AK lesion formation in subjects with a history of AKs.
Estado e movimentos sociais negros (1980-2010)
Authors: Dos Santos Fernanda Barros 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo visa comparar a relação entre Estado e movimentos sociais negros (1980-2010). Nesse sentido, objetiva analisar os discursos presidenciais em relação às demandas sociais dos movimentos negros nos governos de José Sarney (1985-1990), Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2003) e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003- 2010). Paralelamente, almeja analisar a gênese e objetivos das instituições de recorte racial encabeçadas pelo Poder Executivo, quais sejam, a Fundação Cultural Palmares (1988) e a Secretaria Especial de Promoção da Igualdade Racial (Seppir) (2010). Para metodologia, adota a revisão de literatura quanto ao tema em tela, bem como propõe a análise discursiva amparada em “A Arqueologia do Saber” (2007) de Michel Foulcault (1926-1984). Palavras-chave: Discursos Presidenciais. Preto. Raça.
Effet spécial : l’incandescence du voir dans les films de Martin Arnold
Authors: André Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2018

Cet article vise à situer la définition de l’effet spécial dans une histoire plus large du cinéma (le trucage selon Christian Metz) et dans l’histoire de l’art (les débats sur la peinture et la sculpture à l’âge moderne). L’oeuvre « désanimée » de Martin Arnold réalisée sur la base de cartoons américains relance le paradigme de la vue et du toucher et sert la réflexion, non plus d’une dispute entre les arts (la sculpture qui opère per via di levare opposée à la peinture qui procède per via di porre), mais d’un « réglage de la perception » (Metz). Déclinée dans les films sur le mode d’une proposition plastique, l’opposition des sens devient l’enjeu d’une interrogation sur les sources du visible : ses origines physiologiques et ses manifestations psychiques. L’usage de la couleur — le fond noir sur lequel s’enlèvent les fragments colorés des icônes décomposées — produit, en connivence avec l’art abstrait, une « dynamite de l’inconscient » qui fait surgir une forme d’incandescence du voir et un effroi du regard.
Image et réalité dans la théorie cinématographique d’André Bazin
Authors: Guercini Maurizio 
Published: November 2018

La notion classique de réalisme est au coeur de la réflexion d’André Bazin sur l’image cinématographique. Loin de se réduire à ses aspects technique et psychologique, le réalisme cinématographique doit être entendu dans un sens stylistique et ontologique. Ontologique, car l’image cinématographique parvient à manifester l’essence même de la réalité, qui consiste dans son ambiguïté : Bazin est ici au plus près de la conception bergsonienne de l’art. Stylistique, car cette vocation ontologique de l’image cinématographique ne peut se réaliser qu’en vertu de choix esthétiques : Bazin distingue nettement un cinéma de l’image d’un cinéma de la réalité et reconnaît, au sein de ce dernier, une grande variété d’options stylistiques.
PRÁTICAS DE MONTAGEM TEATRAL UNIVERSITÁRIA E A DIVERSIDADE DAS EXPERIÊNCIAS - APONTAMENTOS SOB O OLHAR DA DIREÇÃO
Authors: De Borba Patrícia de Borba 
Published: November 2018

Resumo: Este artigo relata a experiência vivida ao longo de 20 anos como professora da disciplina de Prática de Montagem no Curso de Teatro da Universidade de Blumenau – FURB, destacando alguns aspectos da direção frente às especificidades de cada turma de alunos. Palavras-chave: Teatro universitário. Montagem. Direção. _________________ Abstract: This article reflects on the 20-year experience of teaching performance, with special emphasis on the specific aspects of directing different groups of students. Key-words: Academical theater. Performance. Directing.
Fractional‐order PID servo control based on decoupled visual model
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Bian Gui‐Bin , Rahman Muhammad Rameez Ur , Zhang Haojie , Chen Haiyong , Wu Wanqing 
Published: November 2018

SummaryA decoupled visual model and a fractional PID controller are designed aiming at the problem of the view distortion in the fillet weld welding process. Firstly, the intersection point coordinates of two laser stripes are selected as the image characteristics, and the decoupled visual model is designed to the tracking control of the fillet weld seam so that the control value in two directions is decoupled, reducing the difficulty of control. In addition to this, the image may produce distortion in the dynamic tracking process, causing nonlinearity and coupling in two directions. To solve this problem, the fractional‐order PID controller is designed so that the adjustment range and the control ability are improved better than the traditional PID controller. Some experiments verify that the desired performance can be achieved by using the proposed methods.
The Axon Initial Segment is the Dominant Contributor to the Neuron's Extracellular Electrical Potential Landscape
Authors: Bakkum Douglas J. , Obien Marie Engelene J. , Radivojevic Milos , Jäckel David , Frey Urs , Takahashi Hirokazu , Hierlemann Andreas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtracellular voltage fields, produced by a neuron's action potentials, provide a widely used means for studying neuronal and neuronal‐network function. The neuron's soma and dendrites are thought to drive the extracellular action potential (EAP) landscape, while the axon's contribution is usually considered less important. However, by recording voltages of single neurons in dissociated rat cortical cultures and Purkinje cells in acute mouse cerebellar slices through hundreds of densely packed electrodes, it is found, instead, that the axon initial segment dominates the measured EAP landscape, and, surprisingly, the soma only contributes to a minor extent. As expected, the recorded dominant signal has negative polarity (charge entering the cell) and initiates at the distal end. Interestingly, signals with positive polarity (charge exiting the cell) occur near some but not all dendritic branches and occur after a delay. Such basic knowledge about which neuronal compartments contribute to the extracellular voltage landscape is important for interpreting results from all electrical readout schemes. Finally, initiation of the electrical activity at the distal end of the axon initial segment (AIS) and subsequent spreading into the axon proper and backward through the proximal AIS toward the soma are confirmed. The corresponding extracellular waveforms across different neuronal compartments could be tracked.
Highly Improved Cycling Stability of Anion De‐/Intercalation in the Graphite Cathode for Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Wen‐Hao , Ning Qiu‐Li , Xi Xiao‐Tong , Hou Bao‐Hua , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Yang Yang , Chen Bin , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConventional ion batteries utilizing metallic ions as the single charge carriers are limited by the insufficient abundance of metal resources. Although supercapacitors apply both cations and anions to store energy through absorption and/or Faradic reactions occurring at the interfaces of the electrode/electrolyte, the inherent low energy density hinders its application. The graphite‐cathode‐based dual‐ion battery possesses a higher energy density due to its high working potential of nearly 5 V. However, such a battery configuration suffers from severe electrolyte decomposition and exfoliation of the graphite cathode, rendering an inferior cycle life. Herein, a new surface‐modification strategy is developed to protect the graphite cathode from the anion salvation effect and the deposition derived from electrolyte decomposition by generating an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Such SEI‐modified graphite exhibits superior cycling stability with 96% capacity retention after 500 cycles under 200 mA g−1 at the upper cutoff voltage of 5.0 V, which is much improved compared with the pristine graphite electrode. Through several ex situ studies, it is revealed that the artificial SEI greatly stabilizes the interfaces of the electrode/electrolyte after reconstruction and gradual establishment of the optimal anion‐transport path. The findings shed light on a new avenue toward promoting the performance of the dual‐ion battery (DIB) and hence to make it practical finally.
Organohalide Lead Perovskites: More Stable than Glass under Gamma‐Ray Radiation
Authors: Yang Shuang , Xu Zeyuan , Xue Sha , Kandlakunta Praneeth , Cao Lei , Huang Jinsong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganohalide metal perovskites have emerged as promising semiconductor materials for use as space solar cells and radiation detectors. However, there is a lack of study of their stability under operational conditions. Here a stability study of perovskite solar cells under gamma‐rays and visible light simultaneously is reported. The perovskite active layers are shown to retain 96.8% of their initial power conversion efficiency under continuous irradiation of gamma‐rays and light for 1535 h, where gamma‐rays have an accumulated dose of 2.3 Mrad. In striking contrast, a glass substrate shows obvious loss of transmittance under the same irradiation conditions. The excellent stability of the perovskite solar cells benefits from the self‐healing behavior to recover its efficiency loss from the early degradation induced by gamma‐ray irradiation. Defect density characterization reveals that gamma‐ray irradiation does not induce electronic trap states. These observations demonstrate the prospects of perovskite materials in applications of radiation detectors and space solar cells.
Nanoscale Mechanosensing of Natural Killer Cells is Revealed by Antigen‐Functionalized Nanowires
Authors: Le Saux Guillaume , Bar‐Hanin Netanel , Edri Avishay , Hadad Uzi , Porgador Angel , Schvartzman Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCells sense their environment by transducing mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. Commonly used tools to study cell mechanosensing provide limited spatial and force resolution. Here, a novel nanowire‐based platform for monitoring cell forces is reported. Nanowires are functionalized with ligands for cell immunoreceptors, and they are used to explore the mechanosensitivity of natural killer (NK) cells. In particular, it is found that NK cells apply centripetal forces to nanowires, and that the nanowires stimulate cell contraction. Based on the nanowire deformation, it is calculated that cells apply forces of down to 10 pN, which is the smallest value demonstrated so far by microstructured platforms for cell spreading. Furthermore, the roles of: i) nanowire topography and ii) activating ligands in the cell immune function are studied and it is found that only their combination produces enhanced population of activated NK cells. Thus, a mechanosensing mechanism of NK cells is proposed, by which they integrate biochemical and mechanical stimuli into a decision‐making machinery analogous to the AND logic gate, whose output is the immune activation. This work reveals unprecedented mechanical aspects of NK cell immune function and introduces an innovative nanomaterial for studying cellular mechanics with unparalleled spatial and mechanical resolution.
Computational fluid dynamics after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery—possible empty nose syndrome in the context of middle turbinate resection
Authors: Maza Guillermo , Li Chengyu , Krebs Jillian P. , Otto Bradley A. , Farag Alexander A. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Zhao Kai 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare and debilitating disease with a controversial definition, etiology, and treatment. One puzzling fact is that patients who undergo an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) often have resection of multiple anatomic structures, yet seldom develop ENS. In this pilot study, we analyzed and compared the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and symptoms among post‐EEA patients, ENS patients, and healthy subjects.MethodsComputed tomography scans of 4 post‐EEA patients were collected and analyzed using CFD techniques. Two patients had significant ENS symptoms based on results of the Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐item Questionnaire (score >11), whereas the other 2 were asymptomatic. As a reference, their results were compared with previously published CFD results of 27 non‐EEA ENS patients and 42 healthy controls.ResultsPost‐EEA patients with ENS symptoms had a similar nasal airflow pattern as non‐EEA ENS patients. This pattern differed significantly from that of EEA patients without ENS symptoms and healthy controls. Overall, groups with ENS symptoms exhibited airflow dominant in the middle meatus region and a significantly lower percentage of airflow in the inferior turbinate region (EEA with ENS, 17.74 ± 4.00% vs EEA without ENS, 51.25 ± 3.33% [t test, p < 0.02]; non‐EEA ENS, 25.8 ± 17.6%; healthy subjects, 36.5 ± 15.9%) as well as lower peak wall shear stress (EEA with ENS, 0.30 ± 0.13 Pa vs EEA without ENS, 0.61 ± 0.03 Pa [p = 0.003]; non‐EEA ENS, 0.58 ± 0.24 Pa; healthy subjects, 1.18 ± 0.81 Pa).ConclusionThese results suggest that turbinectomy and/or posterior septectomy may have a varying functional impact and that ENS symptoms go beyond anatomy and correlate with aerodynamic changes. The findings open the door for CFD as a potential objective diagnosis tool for ENS.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Iodoarenes Enabled by Iterative Iodine‐Directed para and ortho C−H Functionalization
Authors: Wu Yichen , Bouvet Sébastien , Izquierdo Susana , Shafir Alexandr 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmong halogenated aromatics, iodoarenes are unique in their ability to produce the bench‐stable halogen(III) form. Earlier, such iodine(III) centers were shown to enable C−H functionalization ortho to iodine via halogen‐centered rearrangement. The broader implications of this phenomenon are explored by testing the extent of an unusual iodane‐directed para C−H benzylation, as well as by developing an efficient C−H coupling with sulfonyl‐substituted allylic silanes. Through the combination of the one‐shot nature of the coupling event and the iodine retention, multisubstituted arenes can be prepared by sequentially engaging up to three aromatic C−H sites. This type of iodine‐based iterative synthesis will serve as a tool for the formation of value‐added aromatic cores.
Kristall‐Engineering: ein Blick in die Zukunft
Authors: Nangia Ashwini K. , Desiraju Gautam R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKristall‐Engineering befasst sich traditionell mit Molekülkristallen. Intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen im Zusammenhang mit der Kristallpackung werden aufgeklärt, und die so erhaltenen Kenntnisse werden für den Entwurf neuer Festkörper mit gewünschten physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften genutzt. Wir besprechen fünf Themenbereiche, die in den Umfang des Kristall‐Engineerings fallen und für die wir annehmen, dass sorgfältig geplante Forschungsarbeiten zu einem erheblichen Gewinn für die Wissenschaft mit Nutzen für die Gesellschaft führen könnten. Wir berühren Themen und Gebiete für künftige Forschungsförderung und Translationsbemühungen vor dem Hintergrund aktueller gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen, bei denen zunehmend Anwendungen und nutzbare Produkte erwartet werden. Die fünf Themenbereiche sind: 1) pharmazeutische Feststoffe; 2) industrielle Festkörperreaktionen; 3) mechanische Eigenschaften mit praktischen Anwendungen; 4) Festkörper mit MOF‐ und COF‐Gerüsten; 5) neue Materialien für die Solarenergiegewinnung und fortgeschrittene Polymere.
Divergent Synthesis of Natural Derivatives of (+)‐Saxitoxin Including 11‐Saxitoxinethanoic Acid
Authors: Walker James R. , Merit Jeffrey E. , Thomas‐Tran Rhiannon , Tang Doris T. Y. , Du Bois J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe bis‐guanidinium toxins are a collection of natural products that display nanomolar potency against select isoforms of eukaryotic voltage‐gated Na+ ion channels. We describe a synthetic strategy that enables access to four of these poisons, namely 11‐saxitoxinethanoic acid, C13‐acetoxy saxitoxin, decarbamoyl saxitoxin, and saxitoxin. Highlights of this work include an unusual Mislow–Evans rearrangement and a late‐stage Stille ketene acetal coupling. The IC50 value of 11‐saxitoxinethanoic acid was measured against rat NaV1.4, and found to be 17.0 nm, similar to those of the sulfated toxins gonyautoxin II and III.