bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of hirsutella sinensis on the disease onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model
Authors: Shang Hai‐Yan , Zhang Jing‐Jing , Fu Zhen‐Fa , Liu Yu‐Fei , Li Song , Chen Sheng , Le Wei‐Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsAlthough the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still not completely understood, the deregulated microglia polarization and neuroinflammation have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of this disease. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether hirsutella sinensis (HS) could reduce neuroinflammatory and pathological changes in the spinal cord of SOD1G93A model mice of ALS and consequently ameliorate disease onset and progression.MethodsSOD1G93A mice were chronically treated with HS by gavage. Their lifespan was recorded, and motor behavior was evaluated by rotarod test. The pathological changes in skeletal muscles and motor neurons in spinal cords were assessed by immunofluorescent staining and hematoxylin‐eosin staining. The microglia activation and neuroinflammation were determined by immunofluorescent staining and RT‐PCR.ResultsOur data suggested that repeated HS administration prolonged the lifespan and extended disease duration of ALS mice without significant delay on disease onset. HS ameliorated the pathological changes in the motor neurons and gastrocnemius muscles. Moreover, HS promoted the transition of microglia from pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype in the spinal cord of ALS mice.ConclusionAll these findings indicate that HS may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of ALS.
Combined elevation of TRIB2 and MAP3K1 indicates poor prognosis and chemoresistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Jia , Zuo Jie , Wahafu Alafate , Wang Mao‐de , Li Rui‐chun , Xie Wan‐fu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults with poor survival due to acquired therapeutic resistance and rapid recurrence. Currently, the standard clinical strategy for glioma includes maximum surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy; however, the median survival of patients with GBM remains poor despite these comprehensive therapies. Therefore, the identification of new prognostic biomarkers is urgently needed to evaluate the malignancy and long‐term outcome of glioma.AimsTo further investigate prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for GBM.ResultsIn this study, we identified tribbles pseudokinase 2 (TRIB2) as one of the genes that is most correlated with pathological classification, radioresistance, and TMZ resistance in glioma. Additionally, the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP3K1) showed a strong correlation with TRIB2. Moreover, a combined increase in TRIB2 and MAP3K1 was observed in GBM and indicated a poor prognosis of patients with glioma. Finally, enriched TRIB2 expression and MAP3K1 expression were shown to be associated with resistance to TMZ and radiotherapy.ConclusionCombined elevation of TRIB2 and MAP3K1 could be novel prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets to evaluate the malignancy and long‐term outcomes of GBM.
Factors associated with intentions to use e‐cigarettes among Australian young adult non‐smokers
Authors: Jongenelis Michelle I. , Brennan Emily , Slevin Terry , Kameron Caitlin , Jardine Elizabeth , Rudaizky Daniel , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsA growing body of evidence suggests e‐cigarette use increases the risk of conventional cigarette use. Assessing the factors associated with intentions to use e‐cigarettes can inform programs designed to minimise uptake, potentially assisting in preventing a new population of smokers. This study developed and tested a model assessing the importance of various factors that may be associated with intentions to use e‐cigarettes among young adults who have never used e‐cigarettes or tobacco cigarettes.Design and MethodsA web‐panel provider recruited 429 Australian 18‐ to 25‐year‐olds who had never used e‐cigarettes or smoked tobacco cigarettes (56% female, mean age = 21.17 years). Various individual and social factors were assessed as potential direct and indirect predictors of e‐cigarette use intentions.ResultsThe developed model provided an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 49% of the variance in use intentions. Males had greater intentions to use e‐cigarettes compared to females (β = −0.13). Having a greater number of friends who smoke tobacco cigarettes (β = 0.11) and curiosity about e‐cigarette use (β = 0.58) were also directly associated with greater use intentions. Positive expectancies about e‐cigarettes (β = 0.14), having family members who use e‐cigarettes (β = 0.11), and having friends who smoke tobacco cigarettes (β = 0.07) were indirectly associated with intentions via curiosity.Discussion and ConclusionsCuriosity about e‐cigarette use was strongly associated with use intentions. Aspects of the social environment were also important. Further research is needed to identify effective means of challenging positive e‐cigarette expectancies given these were found to be strongly associated with intentions via curiosity.
Effects of altitude, land use and microsites on early life performance of a high mountain tree: Insights from an in situ sowing experiment
Authors: Cáceres Yolanda , Schrieber Karin , Lachmuth Susanne , Auge Harald , Argibay Daihana , Renison Daniel , Hensen Isabell 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimUnderstanding the forces that drive range shifts in forest landscapes is imperative for predicting species distributions under anthropogenic climate and land use change. However, empirical studies exploring how these components jointly influence critical early life stages of mountain tree species across environmental gradients are scarce. We used the high mountain tree Polylepis australis as model species to investigate the relative importance of altitude and associated climatic conditions, land use for livestock and microsite characteristics on early life performance.LocationCórdoba Sierras, central Argentina.MethodsWe set up an extensive in situ sowing experiment with a robust split‐plot design that integrated spatial scales ranging from 0.4 m2 subplots at the microsite level (associated with vegetative and microtopographic structures), to livestock exclosure and enclosure plots of several hectares, to an altitudinal gradient of 1,000 m. Components of early life performance were monitored across two subsequent growing seasons.ResultsMicrosite characteristics played a fundamental role in P. australis establishment, whereby interactions with altitude and/or land use suggested alternate mechanisms: facilitation (likely reduced desiccation) dominated at low altitude while at high altitude, abiotic stress (likely intensive frost and radiation) overruled any microsite effects. At mid‐altitude, benefits of competition release prevailed over facilitation and microsite effects gained importance under livestock presence. Inconsistencies between pre‐ and post‐emergence responses illustrated potential trade‐offs between beneficial and detrimental effects of microsite conditions upon performance throughout early life: a favourable location for seeds may abruptly turn adverse for seedlings.Main conclusionsWe unravel how changes in altitude, anthropogenic disturbances and microsite characteristics jointly modulate P. australis performance across stages of early establishment. Such information is fundamental when categorizing specific microhabitats as “safe sites” for tree regeneration especially in mountain environments with high spatio‐temporal heterogeneity.
Impact of platelet turnover on long‐term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Tscharre Maximilian , Farhan Serdar , Bruno Veronika , Rohla Miklos , Egger Florian , Weiss Thomas W. , Hübl Wolfgang , Willheim Martin , Wojta Johann , Geppert Alexander , Huber Kurt , Freynhofer Matthias K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased platelet turnover and high platelet reactivity are associated with short‐term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stable coronary artery disease (SCAD). We investigated the impact of platelet turnover on long‐term MACE.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting with ACS or SCAD undergoing PCI between 2009 and 2010 were included. All patients received clopidogrel and aspirin as dual antithrombotic therapy regimen. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the prognostic impact of platelet turnover (reticulated platelet count [RPC], mean platelet volume [MPV]) and function on long‐term MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke.ResultsIn total, 477 patients were eligible. Mean age was 64.3 ± 12.7 years, 68.8% were male. Median follow‐up was 5.8 (IQR 4.2‐6.5) years. Median RPC was 7.6 (IQR 5.6‐10.4) g/L and median MPV was 10.7 (IQR 10.1‐11.3) fL. In univariable analysis, RPC was associated with MACE, both as continuous (HR 1.064 [95%CI 1.021‐1.111]; P = .006) and dichotomized (HR 1.693 [95%CI 1.156‐2.481]; P = .006) variable. After adjustment, continuous RPC (HR 1.055 [95%CI 1.012‐1.099]; P = .010) and dichotomized RPC (HR 1.716 [95%CI 1.152‐2.559]; P = .007) remained significantly associated with MACE. Neither MPV nor platelet function testing was associated with long‐term adverse outcome.ConclusionIncreased platelet turnover is associated with long‐term adverse outcome in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing PCI. Platelet turnover represents a new marker of atherothrombotic risk and might help to guide composition or duration of antiplatelet therapy.
Effect of mass rearing on the genetic diversity of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii
Authors: Paspati Angeliki , Ferguson Kim B. , Verhulst Eveline C. , Urbaneja Alberto , González‐Cabrera Joel , Pannebakker Bart A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmblyseius swirskii Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is a predatory mite used to control whiteflies and thrips in protected crops. This biocontrol agent, originating from the Eastern Mediterranean region, has been mass‐reared for commercial use since 2005 and is widely used in augmentative biocontrol programs. As a polyphagous predator, it has to cope with different biotic and abiotic factors. However, possible adaptation to mass rearing for production might be hindering its resilience and capacity for optimum performance in the field. In this study, we investigated the effect of long‐term mass rearing on the genetic diversity of A. swirskii. We identified six microsatellite loci from whole‐genome nanopore sequencing of A. swirskii and used these in a comparative analysis of the genetic diversity and differentiation in eight wild populations collected from Israel in 2017 and a commercially available population. Our results indicate that the commercial population is 2.5× less heterozygous than the wild A. swirskii. Furthermore, the commercial population has the highest genetic differentiation from all the natural populations, as indicated by higher pairwise Fst values. Overall, we show that commercially reared A. swirskii have reduced genetic variation compared to their wild counterparts, which may reduce their performance when released to control pests in an integrated pest management (IPM) context.
Coping strategies in first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Riera‐López de Aguileta Itziar , Vila‐Badia Regina , Usall Judith , Butjosa Anna , Ochoa Susana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsThis paper reviews and discusses the published information on coping strategies in people with a first‐episode psychosis (FEP). The objective is to update knowledge about coping strategies used by people with a FEP, to compare these strategies with those used by other mental disorders, and to examine the relationship between coping strategies and other variables in FEP.MethodA search was conducted using PsycINFO, MEDLINE and PSICODOC between 1995 and 2018 using the following terms: coping strategies or Adaptation, Psychological and FEP.ResultsA total of 167 studies were found, of which 14 were selected for review. The results suggest the need for a multiple and integrated approach, since there are several factors that are involved in the coping strategies (eg, socio‐demographic, clinical and psychological variables) used in the different profiles of psychotic spectrum, specifically in FEP.ConclusionsThe role of coping skills is an important issue in psychopathological research in addition to clinical outcome, especially from the point of view of the patients, their social context and their recovery. Moreover, personalized therapies addressed to personal recovery should be considered to develop better coping specifically addressed to patients' needs.
Density‐ and size‐dependent mortality in fish early life stages
Authors: Stige Leif Christian , Rogers Lauren A. , Neuheimer Anna B. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Yaragina Natalia A. , Ottersen Geir , Ciannelli Lorenzo , Langangen Øystein , Durant Joël M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe importance of survival and growth variations early in life for population dynamics depends on the degrees of compensatory density dependence and size dependence in survival at later life stages. Quantifying density‐ and size‐dependent mortality at different juvenile stages is therefore important to understand and potentially predict the recruitment to the population. We applied a statistical state‐space modelling approach to analyse time series of abundance and mean body size of larval and juvenile fish. The focus was to identify the importance of abundance and body size for growth and survival through successive larval and juvenile age intervals, and to quantify how the dynamics propagate through the early life to influence recruitment. We thus identified both relevant ages and mechanisms (i.e. density dependence and size dependence in survival and growth) linking recruitment variability to early life dynamics. The analysis was conducted on six economically and ecologically important fish populations from cold temperate and sub‐arctic marine ecosystems. Our results underscore the importance of size for survival early in life. The comparative analysis suggests that size‐dependent mortality and density‐dependent growth frequently occur at a transition from pelagic to demersal habitats, which may be linked to competition for suitable habitat. The generality of this hypothesis warrants testing in future research.
Re‐thinking geoeconomics: Towards a political geography of economic geographies
Authors: Moisio Sami 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGeoeconomics is a contested concept. What seems common to recent attempts to define the concept of geoeconomics is that it is almost invariably discussed with relation to geopolitics. In this paper, I seek to provide a reading of “geoeconomics” from political geography that both evaluates geoeconomic claims on their own terms and, moreover, avoids a political/economy binary that even some of the critical approaches tend to fall into. For this purpose, I provide a selective mapping of some of the ways in which geoeconomics has been scrutinized in IR and in human geography and defined with relation to the concept of geopolitics. I single out two main fields of scholarship. First, I introduce a foreign policy tradition that at least superficially draws from the realist tradition in IR. Second, I discuss various materialist and poststructuralist approaches in political geography that can be at least implicitly connected to the term geoeconomics. Third, I develop a reading of geoeconomics as political geographies of knowledge‐intensive capitalism. This perspective turns attention to the geopolitical space economy of capitalism, draws from work in critical human geography, heterodox political economy, and urban studies, and seeks to overcome the separation between geoeconomics and geopolitics.
Inside, outside and in‐between: The process and impact of co‐producing knowledge about autism in a UK Somali community
Authors: Aabe Nura O. , Fox Fiona , Rai Dheeraj , Redwood Sabi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCo‐production is predicated on equal power‐sharing and responsibility in research partnerships. However, relatively few accounts exist that explore the subjective experience of how co‐researchers achieve such equality, from the perspectives of public contributors and researchers.AimThis paper aims to provide a unique insight into the process of co‐production, by weaving personal reflections with principles to evaluate the impact arising from co‐produced knowledge. It is based upon participatory research that was initiated by a ‘lay’ person, on behalf of a community organization, seeking support for Somali families who are affected by autism. The paper explores the evolving partnerships that began with community theatre and qualitative research and leading to extensive dissemination and impact, all of which has been jointly owned and negotiated by the co‐researchers and community organizations.DiscussionInitially, this paper reflects on the process, drawing on principles defined for co‐production in health research and combining it with the co‐researcher's personal reflections of their experiences as insiders and outsiders, stepping in and out of each other's worlds. The value of reciprocity, flexibility and continuous reflection is illustrated. The latter part of the paper explores the impact of this co‐produced knowledge using a theoretical framework, to assess the specific impacts and its broader transformative potential. It demonstrates how (1) opportunities for all partners to be equitably involved to the maximum degree possible throughout the research process can affect social change and (2) co‐produced research can become a catalyst that is dynamic and complex, achieving multi‐layered impact.
The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir
Authors: Üstün‐Aytekin Özlem , Şeker Anıl , Arısoy Sevda 
Published: July 2019

SummaryKefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE‐I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV‐inhibitory (DPPIV‐I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L−1 to 12.42 mg L−1 in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.
Prebiotic effect of resistant starch from Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (cowpea) using an in vitro simulated digestion model
Authors: Rengadu Danielle , Gerrano Abe S. , Mellem John J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThere has been growing interest in the use of resistant starch (RS) as a prebiotic for physiological benefits and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. In this study, RS was isolated from samples of five cowpea cultivars (DT129‐4, TVU 11424, PAN 311, Fahari and Bechuana White) seeds to determine their potential prebiotic effects, and proximate and mineral composition. Results obtained showed samples of five cowpea cultivars to be high in protein (18.0–28.7%) and carbohydrates (54.9–66.0%) and low in fat (0.6–3.7%). The RS from cowpea samples ranged between 9.3 and 12.1% with cultivar DT129‐4 having the highest amount. Fermentation of RS using mixed and pure cultures was done, and bacterial growth was monitored over a 24‐h period. Resistant starch isolated from all cowpea samples fulfilled the criteria to be classified as a prebiotic which have a wide range of beneficial effects on the host, with cultivar DT129‐4 showing the most prebiotic potential amongst cowpea samples tested.
Changes in flavour compound profiles of precooked pork after reheating (warmed‐over flavour) using gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry with chromatographic feature extraction
Authors: Zang Mingwu , Wang Lan , Zhang Zheqi , Zhang Kaihua , Li Dan , Li Xiaoman , Wang Shouwei , Chen Hongzhang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe unclear components and complex evaluation indicators affect the effectiveness of inhibition methods for warmed‐over flavour (WOF). To evaluate the main components of WOF, the changes in flavour compound profiles of precooked pork after reheating were investigated quantitatively by using gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry with chromatographic feature extraction. A total of 49 volatile compounds were identified, including 22 aroma‐active compounds that were primarily derived from lipid oxidation. Fifteen key volatile compounds were obtained that represented principal components of the changes in flavour compound profiles, of which 1‐octen‐3‐ol, (Z)‐2‐octenal and (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal made the greatest contribution to the principal components and achieved odour activity value (OAVs) >1.0 after reheating. The results showed that the three compounds are the dominant volatile compounds and potential evaluation indicators of WOF. This study provides a further understanding of the components of WOF in precooked pork and an effective analysis method of gas chromatography.
Nursing care satisfaction from school‐aged children's perspective: An integrative review
Authors: Loureiro Fernanda , Figueiredo Maria Henriqueta , Charepe Zaida 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis integrative review synthesizes the current knowledge on school‐aged children's satisfaction with nursing care in acute care settings.BackgroundChildren identify aspects of nursing care that are not valued by their parents. This fact confirms the relevance of properly assessing children's satisfaction.DesignAn integrative review was performed.Data sourcesA search for empirical studies was carried out in databases using the following search terms: satisfaction AND views OR opinions OR perceptions AND child AND nurs*.Review methodsThe search was limited to full‐text studies involving children from 6 to 12 years old, written in English or Portuguese, and published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2016. Twenty qualitative studies and three quantitative studies were included for revision and were analysed by two independent reviewers.ResultsThree themes emerged: expectations of nursing care, experiences with care, and suggested strategies. Expectations and experiences allowed us to identify work within three main domains: personal domain (nurses' characteristics), professional domain (nurses' activities), and environmental domain (interaction between nurses and the environment).ConclusionIt is important to recognize children's rights to express their opinions about the nursing care they receive. Evaluation of both patients' and children's satisfaction should be systematically performed.