bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Hearing Aids in Improving Dual‐Task Gait Performance in Older Adults With Presbycusis: A Cognitive and Motor Analysis
Authors: Soylemez Emre , Soylemez Tugce Gurel , Apaydin Aydin Sinan , Apaydin Zuhal Koc , Yasar Murat 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive decline is a common challenge faced by older individuals with presbycusis; their performance on dual‐task (DT) activities is generally lower compared to those without hearing loss. However, the influence of hearing aids on nonauditory cognitive decline in this population remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effect of hearing aids on nonauditory DT performance in older adults with presbycusis.Material and MethodsThis study included older people with presbycusis who used hearing aids (P&HA group), those with presbycusis who did not use hearing aids (PoHA group), and a control group of healthy adults. Forward and backward digit span tests and timed up and go test (TUG) were administered to all individuals. TUG and motor and cognitive (forward and backward digit span) tasks were applied simultaneously to evaluate the participants' DT performance.ResultsThe study comprised 60 individuals with presbycusis (19 females, 41 males; mean age: 73.23 ± 6.49 years) and 30 healthy adults (15 females, 15 males; mean age: 35.93 ± 8.57 years). Healthy adults performed better than the P&HA and PoHA groups in all the administered tests (p < 0.05). There was a moderate negative relationship between the severity of hearing loss and the forward and backward digit span test performances (p < 0.05). The P&HA group performed better than the PoHA group on the DT cognitive forward and backward digit span tests.ConclusionThe use of hearing aids and their proper fitting are important not only for improving communication skills and reducing listening effort but also for supporting nonauditory cognitive functions, minimizing the risk of falls during DT activities, and enhancing the overall quality of life.
Effect of neutrophils on tumor immunity and immunotherapy resistance with underlying mechanisms
Authors: Yao Jiali , Ji Linlin , Wang Guang , Ding Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeutrophils are key mediators of the immune response and play essential roles in the development of tumors and immune evasion. Emerging studies indicate that neutrophils also play a critical role in the immunotherapy resistance in cancer. In this review, firstly, we summarize the novel classification and phenotypes of neutrophils and describe the regulatory relationships between neutrophils and tumor metabolism, flora microecology, neuroendocrine and tumor therapy from a new perspective. Secondly, we review the mechanisms by which neutrophils affect drug resistance in tumor immunotherapy from the aspects of the immune microenvironment, tumor antigens, and epigenetics. Finally, we propose several promising strategies for overcoming tumor immunotherapy resistance by targeting neutrophils and provide new research ideas in this area.
Shaping Clinical Policy for Salvage Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy in Prostate Cancer: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Trials and Daily Practice
Authors: Bettoli Piero , Röling Evangelina , Russo Moises , Sánchez María Fernanda , Paredes Inti , Sapunar Jorge 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose and ObjectiveSalvage radiotherapy (sRT) can have similar outcomes to adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) if administered at the earliest evidence of biochemical recurrence. RADICALS‐RT was the first trial to support this hypothesis and a policy of observation after radical prostatectomy (RP) with early sRT has become the new standard of care since then. This study assessed the impact of RADICALS‐RT in the clinical practice regarding the timing of sRT for prostate cancer initially treated with RP.MethodsData from 297 patients who underwent sRT after radical RP were retrospectively collected. Two groups were created and analyzed on the basis of the date of RADICALS‐RT presentation at ESMO. After these results were released in October 2021, our institutional postoperative radiotherapy policy was revisited, and a third group was created and analyzed separately.ResultsMedian PSA for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 0.33, 0.27, and 0.2, respectively. Less than one‐third of patients in Groups 1 and 2 had a postoperative PSA of 0.2 ng/mL or less at the time of sRT. Group 3 showed statistically significant differences in median PSA at the time of sRT compared with Groups 1 and 2.ConclusionsRADICALS‐RT demonstrated a significant impact on clinical practice only after being complemented with real local evidence.
Weighing‐up long‐term psychological support for bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Faulkner Nathan , Lusher Joanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBariatric surgery is becoming a more commonly used treatment for the management of obesity; however, measures of effectiveness have tended to rely heavily on the short‐term physical health indicators of success, whilst largely neglecting psychological and social factors. The understandings achieved through listening to the lived experiences of countless individuals as they steered their way through the complex journey of bariatric surgery, this commentary deliberates on some of the unique lived experiences of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery and the overriding and under‐supported long‐term social and psychological aftermath.
Rare giant ovarian thecoma presented as atypical/incomplete Meigs' syndrome: A case image report
Authors: Potiris Anastasios , Pateras Ioannis S. , Koufopoulos Nektarios , Samaras Menelaos G. , Topis Spyridon , Chousmekeridou Maria‐Gesthimani , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Domali Ekaterini , Drakakis Peter , Stavros Sofoklis 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageWe present a 39‐centimeter thecoma with ascites and elevated Ca‐125 values which is compatible with an atypical/incomplete Meigs' syndrome. Giant ovarian masses with elevated Ca‐125 values and ascites are an alarming combination, although Gynecologists should be aware that there are also benign entities that mimic advanced stage ovarian cancer.
The Roles of Molecular Concavities in the Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Giant Tetrahedra for CO2 Uptake
Authors: Lin Heng‐Yi , Lu Huan‐Chang , Tsai Chih‐Hsuan , Liu Hsueh‐Ju , Chung Po‐Weng , Chuang Wei‐Tsung , Wang Chien‐Lung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiant tetrahedral molecules have sparked significant interest in the past decade due to their unique and diverse supramolecular nanostructures. The longer and bulkier peripheral substituents create deep molecular concavities and thus contribute to the different self‐assembly behaviors compared to the conventional small tetrahedral molecules. In this study, a molecular giant tetrahedra, TetraNDI, was synthesized to investigate the important roles of the molecular concavities in the self‐assembly mechanism. Single‐crystal structural characterizations indicate that the TetraNDI takes its trigonal concavities to form 1D supramolecular columns, and its tetragonal concavities to reach close inter‐columnar packing. The difficulty in occupying the concavities leads to the path‐dependent phase behaviors of the giant tetrahedra. It is also found that the remaining molecular concavities in the supramolecular scaffolds affect the CO2 affinity of TetraNDI. With an understanding of the packing principles of molecular giant tetrahedra, the structure‐property relationships could be better evaluated in the future and might broaden the horizon of porous materials.
Chiral Induction of a Tetrakis(porphyrin) in Various Chiral Solvents
Authors: Hirao Takehiro , Kishino Sei , Yoshida Masaya , Haino Takeharu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon‐covalent interactions offer an alternative way for developing stimulus‐responsive materials such as sensors, machines, and drug‐delivery systems. We recently reported that a urethane‐equipped tetrakis(porphyrin) forms one‐handed helical supramolecular polymers in solution in response to chirality of chiral solvents. Conformational changes in helical sense were detected using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, which showed that the tetrakis(porphyrin) can possibly be used as a sensor for determining the enantiomeric excess of a chiral analyte. Hence, we studied the scope and limitations of the chiral‐induction behavior of tetrakis(porphyrin) to deepen the understanding of tetrakis(porphyrin)‐based chiral sensing systems. Herein, we report the chiral‐induction behavior of tetrakis(porphyrin) in various chiral solvents, which was found to be CD‐active in many chiral solvents. Notably, the tetrakis(porphyrin) was CD active in a cryptochiral molecular solvent, which is exciting because the chiralities of acyclic saturated hydrocarbons are hard to sense. Consequently, this study highlights the potential advantages of supramolecular chiral sensors capable of targeting a wide range of analytes, including molecules that are absorption‐silent in the UV/vis region, ones devoid of anchoring functional groups, and acyclic, saturated hydrocarbons.
B12‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Carbon Tetrahalides: Using a Broad Range of Visible Light to Access Diverse Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Shichijo Keita , Tanaka Miho , Kametani Yohei , Shiota Yoshihito , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Shimakoshi Hisashi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven organic synthesis is a green and sustainable method for producing fine chemicals and is highly desirable at both laboratory and industrial scales. In this study, we developed a broad‐range (including the red region) visible‐light‐driven carbonylation of CCl4, CBr4, and CBr3F with nucleophiles, such as amines and alcohols, using a B12−Mg2+/TiO2 hybrid catalyst. Carbonyl molecules such as ureas, carbamates, carbonate esters, and carbamoyl fluorides were synthesized with high selectivity and efficiency under mild conditions. Diffuse reflectance UV‐vis spectroscopy, femtosecond time‐resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations revealed the reaction mechanism is a combination of SN2 and single‐electron transfer. This is a rare example of a low‐energy, red‐light‐driven photocatalysis, which has been a highly desired organic reaction in recent years. We believe that this study provides a general platform to access diverse carbonyl molecules and could promote photocatalytic carbonylation reactions on a pilot scale.
The expression of MUC5AC in patients with rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yitao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo understand the connection between Muc5AC expression and the likelihood of rhinosinusitis, with the goal of providing insights into its prospective use as a biomarker.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases for studies up to November 2023 to conduct a literature review. After screening and quality assessment, eligible studies meeting the criteria were included. Muc5AC expression and rhinosinusitis association was analyzed by STATA 14.0.ResultsIncluding weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval, were reported. The meta‐analysis included 16 studies with 1448 rhinosinusitis patients. MUC5AC expression was significantly up‐regulated in both chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP; WMD: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.41–0.63) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP; WMD: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.28–0.56) patients compared to controls. IHC positive area analysis corroborated these findings, with elevated MUC5AC levels in CRSwNP (WMD: 25.61; 95% CI: 22.41–28.81) and CRSsNP (WMD: 39.74; 95% CI: 25.6–53.88) patients. Subgroup analysis based on tissue type (nasal tissue fluid and sinus mucosa) consistently supported the overall results.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis robustly demonstrates a significant association between elevated MUC5AC expression and rhinosinusitis risk. This finding underscores the potential of MUC5AC as a molecular marker, providing valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic interventions in rhinosinusitis management.Systematic review registrationCRD42024518932.
Natural killer cell antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity to Plasmodium falciparum is impacted by cellular phenotypes, erythrocyte polymorphisms, parasite diversity and intensity of transmission
Authors: Tukwasibwe Stephen , Lewis Savannah Nicole , Taremwa Yoweri , van der Ploeg Kattria , Press Kathleen D , Ty Maureen , Namirimu Nankya Felistas , Musinguzi Kenneth , Nansubuga Evelyn , Bach Florian , Chamai Martin , Okitwi Martin , Tumusiime Gerald , Nakimuli Annettee , Colucci Francesco , Kamya Moses R , Nankabirwa Joaniter I , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Greenhouse Bryan , Dorsey Grant , Rosenthal Philip J , Ssewanyana Isaac , Jagannathan Prasanna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesNatural killer (NK) cells make important contributions to anti‐malarial immunity through antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), but the role of different components of this pathway in promoting NK cell activation remains unclear.MethodsWe compared the functions and phenotypes of NK cells from malaria‐exposed and malaria‐naive donors, and then varied the erythrocyte genetic background, Plasmodium falciparum strain and opsonising plasma used in ADCC to observe their impacts on NK cell degranulation as measured by CD107a mobilisation.ResultsNatural killer cells from malaria‐exposed adult Ugandan donors had enhanced ADCC, but an impaired pro‐inflammatory response to cytokine stimulation, compared to NK cells obtained from malaria‐naive adult North American donors. Cellular phenotypes from malaria‐exposed donors reflected this specialisation for ADCC, with a compartment‐wide downregulation of the Fc receptor γ‐chain and enrichment of highly differentiated CD56dim and CD56neg populations. NK cell degranulation was enhanced in response to opsonised P. falciparum schizonts cultured in sickle cell heterozygous erythrocytes relative to wild‐type erythrocytes, and when using opsonising plasma collected from donors living in a high transmission area compared to a lower transmission area despite similar levels of 3D7 schizont‐specific IgG levels. However, degranulation was lowered in response to opsonised field isolate P. falciparum schizonts isolated from clinical malaria infections, compared to the 3D7 laboratory strain typically used in these assays.ConclusionThis work highlights important host and parasite factors that contribute to ADCC efficacy that should be considered in the design of ADCC assays.
Associations Between Self‐Reported Cocaine Use Patterns and Cocaine and Its Metabolites in Hair: Implications for Clinical and Forensic Practices
Authors: Grison Simon , Johnson‐Ferguson Lydia , Vonmoos Matthias , Baumgartner Markus R. , Quednow Boris B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn forensic toxicology, it has been debated if hair testing allows an estimation of the intensity of cocaine use—an assumption that may have risen because self‐reports in a forensic setting are of uncertain validity per se. We therefore investigated the relationship between self‐reported cocaine use and cocaine hair concentrations (including its main metabolites benzoylecgonine and norcocaine) in chronic cocaine users voluntary participating in psychiatric study settings. Additionally, we tested whether hair testing can distinguish between individuals with and without a diagnosis of cocaine dependency. Cocaine users (N = 195) from three independent experimental studies reported their average powder cocaine consumption in g/week over the last 3–4 months in an interview and provided a 3‐ to 4‐cm hair sample assayed with liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry. Moreover, study participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID‐IV) for psychiatric diagnoses. Using linear regression models, we found a robust correlation between cocainetotal (sum of cocaine and metabolites) hair concentration and self‐reported cocaine use in g/week (rcocainetotal = 0.47, p < 0.001), indicating that 1000 pg/mg cocainetotal corresponded to a use of 0.80 g/week (confidence interval [95%]: 0.56–1.07 g/week). In logistic regression models, cocainetotal hair concentration predicted cocaine dependency with a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.65 (threshold 0.5), suggesting its acceptable capacity to distinguish dependent from non‐dependent cocaine users. The findings may have significant implications for forensic and clinical practices, encouraging the use of hair analysis as a potential tool for monitoring cocaine use and dependence.
Study on damage and failure characteristics of loaded gas‐bearing rock–coal–rock combination structures
Authors: Du Feng , Wang Kai , Yang Wanyu , Sun Jiazhi , Fang Xiyang , Zhang Yiyang , Shu Longyong , Wang Liang , Zhou Jiaxu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe essence of the outburst–rock burst compound dynamic disaster is the disaster behavior of the “gas‐coal‐surrounding rock” system under the comprehensive action of the stress field and the seepage field. Based on the geological occurrence characteristics of coal and rock in the roof, coal, and floor, this study combined experimental research and theoretical analysis to explore the effects of confining pressure, gas pressure, and axial loading rate on the mechanical behavior of gas‐bearing rock–coal–rock combination structures (“RCR combination”). The results show that both decreasing gas pressure and increasing confining pressure can improve the deformation capacity and bearing capacity of the RCR combination. When the gas pressure decreases from 1.5 to 0.5 MPa and the confining pressure increases from 3 to 9 MPa, the peak stress of the RCR combination increases by 15.83% and 184.02%, respectively. On increasing the axial loading rate, the peak stress of the RCR combination first increases and then decreases, and the elastic modulus continues to decrease. There is a good correspondence between stress and acoustic emission counts (AE), which can be used as a predictive index for judging rock fracture instability. Compared with rock, coal exerts much greater influence on the mechanical strength of the RCR combination. The theoretical analysis shows that the parameters m and F0 mainly affect the peak stress of the RCR combination, and the speed of stress reduction after the peak of the RCR combination is influenced by the parameter m. The coal elastic modulus exerts greater influence on the bearing capacity of the RCR combination than the rock elastic modulus. When the elastic modulus of rocks increases from 10 to 25 GPa and that of coal increases from 2 to 5 GPa, the peak stress of the RCR combination increases by 9.87% and 8.97%, respectively.
Semaglutide normalizes increased cardiomyocyte calcium transients in a rat model of high fat diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Sequeira Vasco , Theisen Julia , Ermer Katharina J. , Oertel Marie , Xu Anton , Weissman David , Ecker Katharina , Dudek Jan , Fassnacht Martin , Nickel Alexander , Kohlhaas Michael , Maack Christoph , Dischinger Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsObesity increases the risk of heart failure with preserved (HFpEF), but not reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1‐RA) semaglutide improves outcome of patients with obesity with or without HFpEF, while GLP‐1‐RAs were associated with adverse outcome in patients with HFrEF. Here, we investigate the effect of in vivo treatment with semaglutide on excitation‐contraction coupling in a rat model of obesity.Methods and resultsRats received high‐fat/high‐fructose diet for 8 weeks and were then randomized to semaglutide (HFD/Sema) or vehicle (HFD/Veh) for another 8 weeks, during which they could choose between HFD and a low‐fat/high‐fructose diet (LFD). Control rats received either standard chow (CON), HFD or LFD only, without treatment. After 16 weeks, sarcomere shortening and cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]c) were determined in isolated cardiomyocytes. Compared with CON, HFD/Veh increased the amplitude of [Ca2+]c transients and systolic sarcomere shortening in absence or presence of β‐adrenergic stimulation, which was reversed by HFD/Sema. Caffeine‐induced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and L‐type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) currents were reduced by HFD/Sema versus HFD/Veh, while SR Ca2+ ATPase activity remained unaffected. Compared with HFD, LFD increased [Ca2+]c transients and sarcomere shortening further despite similar effects on body weight.ConclusionsWhile HFD increased cardiomyocyte [Ca2+]c transients and systolic sarcomere shortening, semaglutide normalized these alterations, mediated by reduced SR Ca2+ load and LTCC currents. Because increased LTCC currents were previously traced to cardiac hypertrophy, these effects may explain why GLP‐1‐RAs provide benefits for patients with obesity with or without HFpEF, but rather adverse outcome in HFrEF.
The Catalytic Synthesis of α‐Bromo Aryl Acetic Acids by Late‐Stage Bromination
Authors: Wang Junyu , Wu Xin , Wang Beining , Yuan Xiangyang , Yang Shengnan , Hu Haipeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report a catalytic late‐stage bromination strategy for the α‐C−H functionalization of aryl acetic acid. The aryl acetic acid was transformed into enediolate in the presence of an (AcO)4B2O with the combination of DBU, and consequently underwent an electrophilic bromination reaction with pyridinium tribromide. A wide range of α‐bromo aryl acetic acids were isolated in yields of 19–65 %. In addition, the reaction could be performed on a gram scale, and several transformations of the products were carried out.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Construction of Axially Chiral Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Yan Yu , Pan Min , Ming Jialin , Yue Jun‐Ping , Chen Xiao‐Wang , Gui Yong‐Yuan , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of axially chiral carbonyl compounds has attracted considerable interest in organic synthesis due to their prevalence in natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as their utility in material science and catalysis. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed approaches have become powerful tools for their construction, offering high efficiency, selectivity, and versatility among the various methods developed. This concept aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the transition‐metal‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral carbonyl compounds, integrating scattered work with different catalytic systems. This feature concept is divided into four types of reactions based on the strategies employed: cross‐coupling reactions, cycloaddition reactions, desymmetrization reactions, and other C−H activation reactions.
Silyl Radical‐Participated Silylfunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Zheng Yang , Zhu Yi‐Jie , Zhang Yi‐Nan , Chen Fei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlkenes and alkynes are inexpensive and readily available basic chemicals. Silyl radical‐participated silylation of alkenes and alkynes provides a powerful tool for the direct construction of organosilicon compounds. Compared to hydrosilylation reactions, silylfunctionalization reactions are more attractive and advantageous in building diverse organosilicon compounds, which has led to their becoming a research focus in organic synthesis. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in silyl radical‐participated silylfunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes.