bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of Gas-poor Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters Using Cosmological Hydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Jung Seoyoung L. , Choi Hoseung , Wong O. Ivy , Kimm Taysun , Chung Aeree , Yi Sukyoung K. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The environmental effect is commonly used to explain the excess of gas-poor galaxies in galaxy clusters. Meanwhile, the presence of gas-poor galaxies at cluster outskirts, where galaxies have not spent enough time to feel the cluster environmental effect, hints at the presence of preprocessing. Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations on 16 clusters, we investigate the mechanisms of gas depletion of galaxies found inside clusters. The gas-depletion mechanisms can be categorized into three channels based on where and when they took place. First, 34% of our galaxies are gas poor before entering clusters (“preprocessing”). They are mainly satellites that have undergone the environmental effect inside group halos. Second, 43% of the sample quickly became gas deficient in clusters before the first pericentric pass (“fast cluster processing”). Some of them were group satellites that are low in gas at the time of cluster entry compared to the galaxies directly coming from the field. Even the galaxies with large gas fractions take this channel if they fall into massive clusters (≳1014.5
M
⊙) or approach cluster centers through radial orbits. Third, 24% of our sample retain gas even after their first pericentric pass (“slow cluster processing”) as they fall into the less massive clusters or have circular orbits. The relative importance of each channel varies with a cluster’s mass, while the exact degree of significance is subject to large uncertainties. Group preprocessing accounts for one-third of the total gas depletion, but it also determines the gas fraction of galaxies at their cluster entry, which in turn determines whether a galaxy should take the fast or slow cluster processing.
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca–CN Photometry. III. NGC 6752*
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present a multiple stellar population study of the globular cluster NGC 6752. We show that our new photometric CN index accurately traces the CN and the nitrogen abundances in cool giants, finding the discrete double red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) sequences with number ratios between the CN-weak and the CN-strong populations of n(CN-w):n(CN-s) = 25:75 (±3; RGB) and 79:21 (±13; AGB). The discrepancy in these number ratios suggests that a significant fraction of the low-mass CN-s stars failed to evolve into the AGB phase. However, unlike previous studies, our results indicate the presence of an extreme CN-s AGB population in NGC 6752, which may require follow-up spectroscopic study. Similar to what is seen for M5, the evolution of the nitrogen abundance is discrete and discontinuous, while the evolutions of oxygen and sodium are continuous between the two populations in NGC 6752, implying that different astrophysical sources are responsible for the evolutions of these elements. In addition, the helium abundance inferred from the RGB bump magnitude shows that the CN-s population is slightly more helium-enhanced. Despite the identical cumulative radial distributions between the two populations, the structure-kinematics coupling can be observed in individual populations: the CN-w population has a spatially elongated shape with a faster rotation, while the CN-s population shows weak or no net rotation, with a spatially symmetric shape, raising important questions about the long-term dynamical evolution of the GCs.
Oscillator Strengths and Integral Cross Sections of the Valence-shell Excitations of the Oxygen Molecule Studied by Fast Electron and Inelastic X-Ray Scattering
Authors: Liu Ya-Wei , Xu Long-Quan , Xiong Tao , Chen Xin , Yang Ke , Hiraoka Nozomu , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Zhu Lin-Fan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The oscillator strengths and integral cross sections (ICSs) of the Schumann–Runge continuum, and the longest band and second band of the oxygen molecule have wide applications in studies of the Earth’s atmosphere and the stellar atmospheres, but there still exist apparent discrepancies among the available data. In this work, the generalized oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of oxygen have been determined independently by the high-energy electron scattering and high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering. Based on the cross-checked generalized oscillator strengths, the optical oscillator strengths and ICSs of these excitations have been obtained, which give an independent cross-check to the previous experimental and theoretical results. The present data can be used as the basic input parameters in the theoretical models for the astronomical observations, and will be helpful for deepening our understanding of the atmospheres of Earth, Venus, Saturn, Pluto, Europa, and other oxygen-rich planets and satellites.
High-resolution Millimeter Imaging of the CI Tau Protoplanetary Disk: A Massive Ensemble of Protoplanets from 0.1 to 100 au
Authors: Clarke C. J. , Tazzari M. , Juhasz A. , Rosotti G. , Booth R. , Facchini S. , Ilee J. D. , Johns-Krull C. M. , Kama M. , Meru F. , Prato L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present high-resolution millimeter continuum imaging of the disk surrounding the young star CI Tau, a system hosting the first hot Jupiter candidate in a protoplanetary disk system. The system has extended mm emission on which are superposed three prominent annular gaps at radii ∼13, 39, and 100 au. We argue that these gaps are most likely to be generated by massive planets so that, including the hot Jupiter, the system contains four gas giant planets at an age of only 2 Myr. Two of the new planets are similarly located to those inferred in the famous HL Tau protoplanetary disk; in CI Tau, additional observational data enables a more complete analysis of the system properties than was possible for HL Tau. Our dust and gas dynamical modeling satisfies every available observational constraint and points to the most massive ensemble of exoplanets ever detected at this age, with its four planets spanning a factor 1000 in orbital radius. Our results show that the association between hot Jupiters and gas giants on wider orbits, observed in older stars, is apparently in place at an early evolutionary stage.
Usages de drogues au féminin et production du savoir académique
Authors: Neff Maïa 
Published: October 2018

Bien que la sociologie des drogues soit un domaine de recherche dynamique et prolifique, une question reste minorée : les usages de drogues par des femmes. L’objectif de cet article est donc d’analyser la formation de ce domaine de recherches et d’en questionner les principaux axiomes académiques à partir d’un état des connaissances. Les approches et thèmes récurrents identifiés sont principalement des analyses comparatives ainsi que des constructions de figures de la littérature telles que les « mères toxicomanes » ou les « femmes victimes ». Un dernier temps de l’article reviendra sur les apports des productions académiques féministes sur le sujet. En conclusion, il est possible de dégager un thème, peu questionné, et qui pourrait faire l’objet d’un programme de recherche, à savoir, ce qui a trait plus particulièrement à des carrières institutionnelles de femmes usagères de drogues.
Myrrhophores et diaconesses. Les femmes autour de Jésus. Lecture phénoménologique
Authors: Radermakers Jean 
Published: October 2018

Le rôle des femmes autour de Jésus et dans la communauté apostolique doit être réfléchi à nouveaux frais pour nous permettre d’en déduire des attitudes nouvelles pour les ministères aujourd’hui. Le service des « diaconesses » et des prophétesses participe du message pascal et nous dit quelque chose de neuf du mystère de la femme qui vit en son corps de chair l’éclosion et la gestation d’une semence de vie.
Organiser la charité, rendre le secours efficace
Authors: Jung Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

Lors du Congrès international d’assistance de 1889, dirigeants de l’Assistance publique et acteurs de la bienfaisance privée, célèbrent un accord de principe sur la nécessité de n’apporter de secours aux pauvres « valides » qu’en contrepartie d’un « travail d’épreuve ». Il s’en suit plus d’une décennie au cours de laquelle l’assistance par le travail est érigée en modèle de la rationalisation de la bienfaisance et ses promoteurs en organisateurs du monde charitable parisien. Une nouvelle génération de sociétés d’arrondissements voit alors le jour, neuf d’entre elles coordonnant leur action en 1891 au sein d’un « Comité central des œuvres d’assistance par le travail ». À la fois doctrine et technologie charitables, faisceau d’institutions, de discours, d’expériences pratiques et nébuleuse d’acteurs aux appartenances plurielles, l’assistance par le travail se révèle être une clé de décryptage utile des mondes de la réforme sociale.
Les Républicains du Havre au xixe siècle (1815-1889)
Authors: Ardaillou Pierre 
Published: October 2018

Des républicains du xixe siècle, on n'a souvent retenu que quelques images réductrices : on se les représente volontiers en hommes des sociétés secrètes ou des clubs, en révolutionnaires le fusil à la main ou en éternels proscrits. Pourtant, si la République a fini par l'emporter, elle le doit tout autant à l'action d'hommes modérés, attachés aux idées libérales tant sur le plan économique que politique et soucieux d'apporter des réponses pragmatiques à la question sociale. Ville portuaire, en pleine expansion au xixe siècle, Le Havre offre un bon exemple de ce libéralisme républicain. N'a-t-elle pas donné à la République deux personnalités modérées de premier plan, Félix Faure et Jules Siegfried ?

L'objet de ce livre est de nous présenter les républicains havrais sur le long terme. L'auteur décrit les étapes de la conquête de la ville et dresse un tableau des élus et des militants, qu'ils aient appartenu à la grande bourgeoisie du négoce ou au monde ouvrier. Il s'interroge sur l'importance parmi eux des protestants. Il dévoile aussi les divers réseaux qui ont fait de la cité un bastion républicain. C'est à la découverte de tout un tissu associatif à base philanthropique, mutuelliste, musicale, gymnique, libre penseur et naturellement maçonnique, qu'il nous invite.
Qualitative Evaluation of High School Implementation Strategies for Youth Sports Concussion Laws
Authors: Davies Susan , Coxe Kathryn , Harvey Hosea H. , Singichetti Bhavna , Guo Jinhong , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: October 2018

Context:
All 50 states and the District of Columbia have enacted laws governing concussion management and education. These concussion laws, featuring common tenets regarding removal from play, return to play, and concussion education, have shaped school and district policies.

Objective:
To evaluate the strategies commonly used to implement concussion laws at the school and district levels, as reported by certified athletic trainers (ATs).

Design:
Qualitative study.

Setting:
High schools.

Patients or Other Participants:
We interviewed 64 ATs from high schools (1 per school) participating in High School Reporting Information Online.

Data Collection and Analysis:
Interviews were conducted with participants between April and October 2015 regarding implementation of the 3 core tenets of concussion laws. Research team members independently evaluated the interview transcripts and field notes to identify common themes in implementation strategies.

Results:
Of the 64 schools represented, 90.6% were public schools, 89.1% sponsored more than 15 sports, and all schools employed at least 1 AT and had a written concussion policy. Four commonly used strategies to implement removal from play were reliance on coaches, immediate response, referral and guidance after injury, and notification of key individuals. Use of assessment or baseline tests, communication among parties involved, reliance on AT assessments, and return-to-learn policies were 4 frequent strategies to implement return to play. Finally, 3 major implementation strategies to effectuate concussion education were use of existing educational tools, timing of education, and concussion training for school professionals.

Conclusions:
Although concussion laws were passed at different times and varied in content across states, common themes in implementation strategies emerged across jurisdictions. The identification of strategic approaches to implementation will help ensure proper concussion management and education, reducing negative health outcomes among youths with concussions.
Perceptions regarding the scope of practice of family doctors amongst patients in primary care settings in Nairobi
Authors: Mohamoud Gulnaz , Mash Bob , Merali Mohamoud , Orwa James , Mahoney Megan 
Published: October 2018

Background: Primary care (PC) is the foundation of the Kenyan health care system, providing comprehensive care, health promotion and managing all illnesses across the lifecycle. In the private sector in Nairobi, PC is principally offered by the general practitioners, also known as family doctors (FDs). The majority have no postgraduate training. Little is known about how patients perceive their capability.Aim: To assess patients’ perceptions of the scope of practice of FDs working in private sector PC clinics in Nairobi and their awareness of the new category of family physicians (FPs) and the discipline of family medicine.Setting: Private sector PC clinics in Nairobi.Methods: A descriptive survey using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to recruit 162 patient participants.Results: Of the participants, 30% knew the difference between FPs and FDs. There was a high to moderate confidence that FDs could treat common illnesses; provide lifestyle advice; family planning (66%) and childhood immunisations (64%). In adolescents and adults, low confidence was expressed in their ability to manage tuberculosis (58%), human immunodeficiency virus (55%) and cancer (33%). In the elderly, there was low confidence in their ability to manage depression (55%), anxiety (57%), urinary incontinence (57%) and diabetes (59%). There was low confidence in their ability to provide antenatal care (55%) and Pap smears (42%).Conclusion: Patients did not perceive that FDs could offer fully comprehensive PC services. These perceptions may be addressed by defining the expected package of care, designing a system that encourages the utilisation of PC and employing FPs.
ESD Ideas: a simple proposal to improve the contribution of IPCC WGI to the assessment and communication of climate change risks
Authors: Sutton Rowan T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The purpose of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is to
provide policy-relevant assessments of the scientific evidence about climate
change. Policymaking necessarily involves risk assessments, so it is
important that IPCC reports are designed accordingly. This paper proposes a
specific idea, illustrated with examples, to improve the contribution of IPCC
Working Group I to informing climate risk assessments.
An improved method for calculating the regional crop water footprint based on a hydrological process analysis
Authors: Luan Xiao-Bo , Yin Ya-Li , Wu Pu-Te , Sun Shi-Kun , Wang Yu-Bao , Gao Xue-Rui , Liu Jing 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Fresh water is consumed during agricultural production. With the shortage of
water resources, assessing the water use efficiency is crucial to effectively
manage agricultural water resources. The water footprint is an improved index
for water use evaluation, and it can reflect the quantity and types of water
usage during crop growth. This study aims to establish a method for
calculating the regional-scale water footprint of crop production based on
hydrological processes, and the water footprint is quantified in terms of
blue and green water. This method analyses the water-use process during the
growth of crops, which includes irrigation, precipitation, groundwater,
evapotranspiration, and drainage, and it ensures a more credible evaluation
of water use. As illustrated by the case of the Hetao irrigation
district (HID), China, the water footprint of wheat, corn and sunflowers were
calculated using this method. The results show that canal water loss and
evapotranspiration were responsible for most of the water consumption and
accounted for 47.9 % and 41.8 % of the total consumption, respectively.
The total water footprint of wheat, corn and sunflowers were 1380–2888, 942–1774 and
2095–4855 m3 t−1, respectively, and the blue footprint accounts
for more than 86 %. The spatial distribution pattern of the green, blue and
total water footprints for the three crops demonstrated that higher values
occurred in the eastern part of the HID, which had more precipitation and was
further away from the irrigation gate. This study offers a vital reference
for improving the method used to calculate the crop water footprint.
Atypical Placement of Hemodialysis Catheters in Patients with Complete and Irreversible Obstruction of Central Venous Vessels
Authors: Messina Martina , Morale Walter , Viglianesi Adriano , Malfa Pierantonio , L'Anfusa Giuseppe , Mandalà Maria Luisa , Ettorre Giovanni Carlo , Di Landro Domenico , Patanè Domenico 
Published: October 2018

Purpose This article describes the approach to atypical placement of central venous catheters (CVC) in dialysis patients with complete untreatable obstruction of central venous vessels. Methods Five patients with complete obstruction of central venous vessels underwent CT venography and digital venous angiography. After ultrasound-guided and radioscopic-assisted cannulation of the internal jugular vein, permanent CVCs were placed in atypical locations: in two patients a preliminary venous angioplasty was performed to facilitate the catheter positioning in a mediastinal enlarged collateral vein and in a persistent left superior vena cava; in three patients the CVC was placed in the azygos vein, enlarged because of the obstruction of the superior vena cava. Results In all cases, we achieved satisfactory morphological and functional immediate results. Hemodialysis (HD) was carried out long term in all patients except one who presented a non-functioning CVC after 4 months. In one case the catheter, still functioning well after 9 months, was removed due to kidney transplantation. The CVC in the left superior vena cava was replaced with a longer one after 12 months, and it is still functioning well 3 months after replacement. The patency of the other two catheters has to date been kept for 9 and 18 months. Conclusions The placement of CVC for HD in atypical sites can be considered a viable option in extreme cases; adequate imaging support is paramount in order to facilitate the procedure and to avoid complications.
Anatomical Vascular Variations and Practical Implications for access Creation on the Upper Limb
Authors: Kusztal Mariusz , Weyde Wacław , Letachowicz Krzysztof , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Letachowicz Waldemar 
Published: October 2018

Background A profound knowledge of vascular anatomy and an understanding of vascular access functionality with respect to possible complications are critical in selecting the site for arteriovenous anastomosis. Methods Outline of vasculature variations of the upper limb with prevalence reported in literature of at least 1%, which may affect access creation, is depicted in this review. Results Over a dozen arterial anatomical anomalies of the upper limb, the most common is “high origin” of the radial artery (12-20%). Superficial positions of brachial, ulnar and radial artery as well as accessory brachial are another possible anatomic variants (0.5-7%). The most variable venous layout on the upper arm is seen in the anatomy of the brachial vein and the basilic vein forming the axillary vein. Three types of basilic vein course on upper arm have been described. Conclusions The mapping technique to assess vascular variants facilitate site selection for AVF creation even in cases with previously attempted failed access (misdiagnosed vascular variant could force to secondary options). Thus, a thorough understanding and evaluation of anatomy, taking into consideration the possible vascular variations of the forearm and upper arm, are necessary in the planning of AVF creation and increase the success of AVF procedures.
Comparison of postoperative ultrasound criteria to predict unassisted use of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis
Authors: Lee Timmy , Magill Missy , Burke Steven K. , Blair Andrew T. , Robbin Michelle L. , Allon Michael 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) frequently fail to mature. Postoperative ultrasounds provide objective measurements to predict unassisted AVF use for hemodialysis (unassisted use) and guide interventions to salvage nonmaturing AVFs. The optimal ultrasound criteria to assess AVF maturation are uncertain. We analyzed data from a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial to compare 2 published ultrasound maturation criteria used to predict unassisted AVF use for hemodialysis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed prospective data on 105 patients undergoing new AVF creation, who underwent standardized postoperative ultrasounds at 6 and 12 weeks to measure AVF diameter and blood flow. Unassisted AVF use was defined as successful cannulation for ≥90 days without requiring prior surgical or percutaneous interventions. Two ultrasound criteria were assessed: (i) National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative criteria: AVF outflow vein lumen diameter ≥6 mm and blood flow ≥600 mL/min; and (ii) University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) criteria: AVF outflow vein lumen diameter ≥4 mm and blood flow ≥500 mL/min. Performance characteristics were calculated for both criteria. Results: Compared to the NKF criteria, the UAB criteria had a higher sensitivity (89 vs.68%), but a lower specificity (42 vs. 70%) for unassisted AVF use. For radiocephalic AVFs, the UAB criteria had higher sensitivity (86 vs. 46%) and lower specificity (58 vs. 83%). For brachiocephalic AVFs, both UAB and NKF had high sensitivity (90 and 80%) but low specificity (21 and 53%), respectively. Conclusions: Using the UAB ultrasound criteria would minimize unnecessary early interventions in AVFs likely to mature without an intervention, but would delay interventions in AVFs that are unlikely to mature. The UAB criteria may be preferred in patients receiving a radiocephalic AVF.