bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tree analysis modeling of the associations between PHQ-9 depressive symptoms and doctor diagnosis of depression in primary care
Authors: Chin Weng-Yee , Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Dowrick Christopher , Arroll Bruce , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between patient self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) symptoms and doctor diagnosis of depression using a tree analysis approach.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis on a dataset obtained from 10 179 adult primary care patients and 59 primary care physicians (PCPs) across Hong Kong. Patients completed a waiting room survey collecting data on socio-demographics and the PHQ-9. Blinded doctors documented whether they thought the patient had depression. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and conditional inference decision tree modeling.ResultsPCPs diagnosed 594 patients with depression. Logistic regression identified gender, age, employment status, past history of depression, family history of mental illness and recent doctor visit as factors associated with a depression diagnosis. Tree analyses revealed different pathways of association between PHQ-9 symptoms and depression diagnosis for patients with and without past depression. The PHQ-9 symptom model revealed low mood, sense of worthlessness, fatigue, sleep disturbance and functional impairment as early classifiers. The PHQ-9 total score model revealed cut-off scores of >12 and >15 were most frequently associated with depression diagnoses in patients with and without past depression.ConclusionsA past history of depression is the most significant factor associated with the diagnosis of depression. PCPs appear to utilize a hypothetical-deductive problem-solving approach incorporating pre-test probability, with different associated factors for patients with and without past depression. Diagnostic thresholds may be too low for patients with past depression and too high for those without, potentially leading to over and under diagnosis of depression.
PATERNALISMS AND NUDGES
Authors: Scoccia Danny 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein (T/S) have defended ‘nudges’ aimed at smoking, overeating, etc. as a ‘means’ paternalism that leaves its targets ‘better off as judged by themselves’. Their libertarian critics have charged that these behaviours are often perfectly rational and that the nudges would ‘impose’ on their targets ‘ends’ that they reject. This paper argues that whether or not the behaviours are rational is difficult to say, but the critics are right in claiming that T/S fail to take seriously their targets’ true preferences. This is evident, in particular, in Sunstein's recent reply to an ‘autonomy objection’ to nudging. The upshot is that the nudging paternalism T/S support cannot be defended as a means paternalism that is deferential to its targets’ own ends or values. The only way to defend it is via a ‘prudential’ paternalism that, given the preferences of many of its targets, will often be ‘ends’ paternalism.
An unexpected case of post-operative superior caval vein syndrome
Authors: Peng Lynn , Wise-Faberowski Lisa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSuperior caval vein obstruction in children after congenital heart surgery has been more associated with thrombosis formation as result of single-ventricle palliation, infection, indwelling devices/catheters, or external compression. Many of these patients will present to the cardiac catheterisation laboratory for evaluation and possible intervention. We present an unusual case of superior caval vein obstruction in a patient after Tetralogy of Fallot repair.
Introduction: Spectral Thinking
Authors: CROSS JONATHAN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCan we any longer usefully speak of spectral music, beyond a very particular moment in Paris in the 1970s? Though the label still has a currency, the validity of the term has long been disputed even by its key practitioners. Gérard Grisey preferred to speak of liminal music, music on a threshold, and of spectralism as an attitude rather than a set of techniques. Yet a shared curiosity about the inner life of sounds, stimulated by an engagement with technology, certainly enabled a radical rethinking and renewal of how music could speak. Spectral thinking enabled composers to re-engage with time, with listening, with memory. Through this spectral node flowed all other kinds of music, which flowered in all sorts of new and varied directions. A heightened awareness of the properties of sound prompted new modes of musical thought and expression. Spectralism also represented a renewal of what might be understood more broadly as modernist thinking in the music of the later twentieth century. Spectral thinking – rather than merely the science of the spectrum of sound – acknowledges the importance for so-called spectral music of a wider set of concerns that engage with time, space, listening, nature, and society.
Mixture copulas and insurance applications
Authors: Tamraz Maissa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the classical collective model over a fixed time period of two insurance portfolios, we are interested, in this contribution, in the models that relate to the joint distributionFof the largest claim amounts observed in both insurance portfolios. Specifically, we consider the tractable model where the claim counting random variableNfollows a discrete-stable distribution with parameters (α,λ). We investigate the dependence property ofFwith respect to both parametersαandλ. Furthermore, we present several applications of the new model to concrete insurance data sets and assess the fit of our new model with respect to other models already considered in some recent contributions. We can see that our model performs well with respect to most data sets.
LOGICAL CONTEXTUALITY IN FREGE
Authors: HALIMI BRICE 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLogical universalism, a label that has been pinned on to Frege, involves the conflation of two features commonly ascribed to logic: universality and radicality. Logical universality consists in logic being about absolutely everything. Logical radicality, on the other hand, corresponds to there being the one and the same logic that any reasoning must comply with. The first part of this paper quickly remarks that Frege’s conception of logic makes logical universality prevail and does not preclude the admission of different contexts of discourse. The paper then aims to make it clear how Frege’s universalism can make sense of contextuality. Drawing on a suggestion made by Frege in his discussion of Hilbert, it shows that a properly Fregean notion of model can be devised. Taking up a suggestion from Wilfrid Hodges and William Demopoulos that the non-logical constants of a formal language can be compared to indexicals, this paper shows,paceHodges and Demopoulos, that such an understanding of non-logical constants is not beyond Frege’s horizon. A formal framework, based on the modern tool of fibrations, is set out to explain and justify this point. This framework allows one to compare Frege and Tarski, by formalizing Frege’s suggestion and by presenting Tarski’s semantics in a generalized setting.
Carbon Budgets of Mesozooplankton Copepod Communities in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean—Regional and Vertical Patterns Between 24°N and 21°S
Authors: Bode Maya , Koppelmann Rolf , Teuber Lena , Hagen Wilhelm , Auel Holger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe copepods' impact on vertical carbon flux was assessed for stratified depth layers down to 2,000 m at six stations along a transect between 24°N and 21°S in the eastern Atlantic Ocean in October/November 2012. Total copepod community consumption ranged from 202 to 604 mg C m−2 day−1, with highest ingestion rates in the tropical North Atlantic. Calanoids consumed 75–90% of the particulate organic carbon (POC) ingested by copepods, although the relative contribution of cyclopoids (mostly Oncaeidae) increased with depth. Net ingestion (= consumption − fecal pellet egestion) of POC varied from 106 to 379 mg C m−2 day−1 for calanoids and 37–51 mg C m−2 day−1 for cyclopoids, corresponding to 16–58% and 5–9%, respectively, of primary production (PP). In total, 9–33% and 2–5% of PP were respired as inorganic carbon by calanoids and cyclopoids, respectively. Copepod ingestion was highly variable between stations and depth layers, especially in the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic zone. Diel vertical migrants such as Pleuromamma enhanced the vertical flux to deeper layers, particularly in the region influenced by the Benguela Current. The impact of copepod communities on POC flux decreased below 1,000 m, and POC resources reaching the bathypelagic zone were far from being fully exploited by copepods. As key components, copepods are important mediators of carbon fluxes in the ocean. Their biomass, community composition, and interactions strongly affect the magnitude of organic carbon recycled or exported to deeper layers. High variability, even at smaller vertical scales, emphasizes the complex dynamics of the biological carbon pump.
Medium‐Range Forecast Skill for Extraordinary Arctic Cyclones in Summer of 2008–2016
Authors: Yamagami Akio , Matsueda Mio , Tanaka Hiroshi L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractArctic cyclones (ACs) are a severe atmospheric phenomenon that affects the Arctic environment. This study assesses the forecast skill of five leading operational medium‐range ensemble forecasts for 10 extraordinary ACs that occurred in summer during 2008–2016. Average existence probability of the predicted ACs was >0.9 at lead times of ≤3.5 days. Average central position error of the predicted ACs was less than half of the mean radius of the 10 ACs (469.1 km) at lead times of 2.5–4.5 days. Average central pressure error of the predicted ACs was 5.5–10.7 hPa at such lead times. Therefore, the operational ensemble prediction systems generally predict the position of ACs within 469.1 km 2.5–4.5 days before they mature. The forecast skill for the extraordinary ACs is lower than that for midlatitude cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to that in the Southern Hemisphere.
Evaluating the Duration and Continuity of Potential Climate Records From the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, East Antarctica
Authors: Kehrl Laura , Conway Howard , Holschuh Nicholas , Campbell Seth , Kurbatov Andrei V. , Spaulding Nicole E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe current ice core record extends back 800,000 years. Geologic and glaciological evidence suggests that the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, East Antarctica, may preserve a continuous record that extends further back in time. In this study, we use ice‐penetrating radar and existing age constraints to map the internal stratigraphy and age structure of the Allan Hills Main Ice Field. The dated isochrones provide constraints for an ice flow model to estimate the age of ice near the bed. Previous drilling in the region recovered stratigraphically disturbed sections of ice up to 2.7 million years old. Our study identifies a site ~5 km upstream, which likely preserves a continuous record through Marine Isotope Stage 11 with the possibility that the record extends back 1 million years. Such records would provide new insight into the past climate and glacial history of the Ross Sea Sector.
Auroral Hiss Emissions During Cassini's Grand Finale: Diverse Electrodynamic Interactions Between Saturn and Its Rings
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Averkamp T. F. , Persoon A. M. , Menietti J. D. , Ye S.‐Y. , Gurnett D. A. , Píša D. , Farrell W. M. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Cassini Grand Finale orbits offered a new view of Saturn and its environment owing to multiple highly inclined orbits with unprecedented proximity to the planet during closest approach. The Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument detected striking signatures of plasma waves in the southern hemisphere. These all propagate in the whistler mode and are classified as (1) a filled funnel‐shaped emission, commonly known as auroral hiss. Here however, our analysis indicates that they are likely associated with currents connected to the rings. (2) First observations of very low frequency saucers directly linked to the planet on field lines also connected to the rings. The latter observations are unique to low altitude orbits, and their presence at the Earth and Saturn alike shows that they are fundamental plasma waves in planetary ionospheres. Our results give an insight, from a unique perspective, into the dynamic and diverse nature of Saturn's environment.
Systematic mapping of contact sites reveals tethers and a function for the peroxisome-mitochondria contact
Authors: Shai Nadav , Yifrach Eden , van Roermund Carlo W. T. , Cohen Nir , Bibi Chen , IJlst Lodewijk , Cavellini Laetitia , Meurisse Julie , Schuster Ramona , Zada Lior , Mari Muriel C. , Reggiori Fulvio M. , Hughes Adam L. , Escobar-Henriques Mafalda , Cohen Mickael M. , Waterham Hans R. , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Schuldiner Maya , Zalckvar Einat 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe understanding that organelles are not floating in the cytosol, but rather held in an organized yet dynamic interplay through membrane contact sites, is altering the way we grasp cell biological phenomena. However, we still have not identified the entire repertoire of contact sites, their tethering molecules and functions. To systematically characterize contact sites and their tethering molecules here we employ a proximity detection method based on split fluorophores and discover four potential new yeast contact sites. We then focus on a little-studied yet highly disease-relevant contact, the Peroxisome-Mitochondria (PerMit) proximity, and uncover and characterize two tether proteins: Fzo1 and Pex34. We genetically expand the PerMit contact site and demonstrate a physiological function in β-oxidation of fatty acids. Our work showcases how systematic analysis of contact site machinery and functions can deepen our understanding of these structures in health and disease.
Spectrum of antibacterial activity and mode of action of a novel tris-stilbene bacteriostatic compound
Authors: Man Nikki Y. T. , Knight Daniel R. , Stewart Scott G. , McKinley Allan J. , Riley Thomas V. , Hammer Katherine A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe spectrum of activity and mode of action of a novel antibacterial agent, 135C, was investigated using a range of microbiological and genomic approaches. Compound 135C was active against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs for Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 0.12–0.5 μg/ml. It was largely inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. The compound showed bacteriostatic activity in time-kill studies and did not elicit bacterial cell leakage or cell lysis. Checkerboard assays showed no synergy or antagonism when 135C was combined with a range of other antibacterials. Multi-step serial passage of four S. aureus isolates with increasing concentrations of 135C showed that resistance developed rapidly and was stable after drug-free passages. Minor differences in the fitness of 135C-resistant strains and parent wildtypes were evident by growth curves, but 135C-resistant strains did not show cross-resistance to other antibacterial agents. Genomic comparison of resistant and wildtype parent strains showed changes in genes encoding cell wall teichoic acids. 135C shows promising activity against Gram-positive bacteria but is currently limited by the rapid resistance development. Further studies are required to investigate the effects on cell wall teichoic acids and to determine whether the issue of resistance development can be overcome.
Central role of the proximal tubular αKlotho/FGF receptor complex in FGF23-regulated phosphate and vitamin D metabolism
Authors: Takeshita Ai , Kawakami Kazuki , Furushima Kenryo , Miyajima Masayasu , Sakaguchi Kazushige 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) plays critical roles in phosphate handling and vitamin D metabolism in the kidney. However, the effector cells of FGF23 in the kidney remain unclear. αKlotho, a putative enzyme possessing β-glucuronidase activity and also a permissive co-receptor for FGF23 to bind to FGF receptors (FGFRs), is expressed most abundantly in distal convoluted tubules, whereas it is expressed modestly in proximal tubules. Key molecular players of phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are known to localize in proximal tubules. To clarify the direct function of FGF23 on proximal tubules, we ablated αKlotho or Fgfr1–4 genes specifically from these tubules using the Cre-loxP-mediated genetic recombination. Both conditional knockout mouse lines showed similar phenotypes that resembled those of systemic αKlotho or Fgf23 knockout mice. Compared with control mice, they showed significantly elevated levels of plasma phosphate, FGF23 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, ectopic calcification in the kidney and aging-related phenotypes like growth retardation, osteoporosis and shortened lifespan. These findings suggest that the primary function of FGF23 on mineral metabolism is mediated through αKlotho/FGFR co-receptors expressed in proximal tubular cells, and that the putative enzymatic function of αKlotho in the proximal tubule has a minor role in systemic mineral metabolism.
An approach to quantum-computational hydrologic inverse analysis
Authors: O’Malley Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMaking predictions about flow and transport in an aquifer requires knowledge of the heterogeneous properties of the aquifer such as permeability. Computational methods for inverse analysis are commonly used to infer these properties from quantities that are more readily observable such as hydraulic head. We present a method for computational inverse analysis that utilizes a type of quantum computer called a quantum annealer. While quantum computing is in an early stage compared to classical computing, we demonstrate that it is sufficiently developed that it can be used to solve certain subsurface flow problems. We utilize a D-Wave 2X quantum annealer to solve 1D and 2D hydrologic inverse problems that, while small by modern standards, are similar in size and sometimes larger than hydrologic inverse problems that were solved with early classical computers. Our results and the rapid progress being made with quantum computing hardware indicate that the era of quantum-computational hydrology may not be too far in the future.
First anatomical network analysis of fore- and hindlimb musculoskeletal modularity in bonobos, common chimpanzees, and humans
Authors: Diogo Rui , Molnar Julia L. , Rolian Campbell , Esteve-Altava Borja 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStudies of morphological integration and modularity, and of anatomical complexity in human evolution typically focus on skeletal tissues. Here we provide the first network analysis of the musculoskeletal anatomy of both the fore- and hindlimbs of the two species of chimpanzee and humans. Contra long-accepted ideas, network analysis reveals that the hindlimb displays a pattern opposite to that of the forelimb: Pan big toe is typically seen as more independently mobile, but humans are actually the ones that have a separate module exclusively related to its movements. Different fore- vs hindlimb patterns are also seen for anatomical network complexity (i.e., complexity in the arrangement of bones and muscles). For instance, the human hindlimb is as complex as that of chimpanzees but the human forelimb is less complex than in Pan. Importantly, in contrast to the analysis of morphological integration using morphometric approaches, network analyses do not support the prediction that forelimb and hindlimb are more dissimilar in species with functionally divergent limbs such as bipedal humans.
Mixed Bacillus Species Enhance the Innate Immune Response and Stress Tolerance in Yellow Perch Subjected to Hypoxia and Air-Exposure Stress
Authors: Eissa Nour , Wang Han-Ping , Yao Hong , Abou-ElGheit ElSayed 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStress enhances the disease susceptibility in fish by altering the innate immune responses, which are essential defense mechanisms. The use of probiotics is increasingly popular in the aquaculture industry. Yellow perch is a promising candidate for aquaculture. We investigated the efficiency of a mixed Bacillus species in minimizing the potential problems resulting from husbandry practices such as hypoxia and exposure to air in yellow perch. We showed that hypoxia and air exposure conditions induced a significant reduction in the early innate immune response (lysozyme activity, interferon-induced-GTP-binding protein-Mx1 [mx], interleukin-1β [il1β], serum amyloid-A [saa]), and a substantial increase in cortisol, heat shock protein (Hsp70), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (Sod1) that associated with a decline in insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1). Mixed Bacillus species administration improved the early innate responses, reduced cortisol, Hsp70, Gpx and Sod1, and elevated Igf1 levels. Bacillus species treated group showed faster recovery to reach the baseline levels during 24 h compared to untreated group. Therefore, mixed Bacillus species may enhance yellow perch welfare by improving the stress tolerance and early innate immune response to counterbalance the various husbandry stressors. Further studies are warranted to investigate the correlations between the aquaculture practices and disease resistance in yellow perch.
Seasonal food habits and prey selection of Amur tigers and Amur leopards in Northeast China
Authors: Yang Haitao , Dou Hailong , Baniya Raj Kumar , Han Siyu , Guan Yu , Xie Bing , Zhao Guojing , Wang Tianming , Mou Pu , Feng Limin , Ge Jianping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe analyzed the scats of Amur tigers and Amur leopards, and examined their annual and seasonal food habits in Northeast China to comprehend their coexistence. Wild boar had the highest annual and seasonal consumption frequencies by the tigers, while both roe deer and sika deer were mostly preyed by the leopards annually. The three species appeared to be the key preys in terms of high proportion of consumed biomass by the two felids. Our data also revealed numerous mid-sized carnivores and small mammals included in the two felids’ food list. We used the relative abundance and biomass density estimation in prey density estimation to calculate the prey preferences of tigers and leopards, and both methods confirmed that Amur tigers strongly preferred wild boar. However, preference estimations of Amur leopards were not consistant, or even opposite to one another from the two methods. The results of the study suggested that prey preference of predators is largely determined by body size of the prey species. Variation in diet composition of the two felids suggests that resource partitioning may contribute to their coexistence.