bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PL-003 BMSCs transplantation aggravate inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and impair skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Liu Xiaoguang , Xiao Weihua , Zhen Lifang , Zhou Yongzhan , Shou Jian 
Published: October 2018

Objective Skeletal muscle contusion is one of the most common muscle injury in sports medicine and traumatology. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation is a promising strategy for muscle regeneration. However, the roles of BMSCs, especially the mechanisms involved, in the regeneration of contused skeletal muscle are still not fully recognized. The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential of BMSCs transplantation for muscle regeneration and mechanisms involved after contusion.
Methods Ninety-nine C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: control group (n=11), muscle contusion and BMSCs treated group (n=44), muscle contusion and sham treated group (n=44). BMSCs were immediately transplanted into gastrocnemius muscles (GMs) following direct contusion. At different time points (3, 6, 12 and 24 days) post-injury, the animals were killed and then GMs were harvested. Morphological and gene expression analyses were used to elevate the effect of BMSCs transplantation and mechanisms involved.
Results The results indicate that BMSCs transplantation impairs muscle regeneration, as well as more fibrotic scar formation after skeletal muscle contusion. Furthermore, macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases and oxidative stress related enzymes were significantly increased after BMSCs transplantation. These results suggest that BMSCs transplantation impairs skeletal muscle regeneration and that macrophages, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases and oxidative stress related enzymes may be involved in the process.
Conclusions BMSCs transplantation aggravates inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis, and impairs skeletal muscle regeneration, which shed new light on the role of BMSCs in regenerative medicine and cautions the application of BMSCs for muscle injury.
PL-006 Expression of molecular markers of hepatic cholesterol metabolism are altered by a short-term high-fat diet
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2018

Objective Metabolic disorders are often associated with liver steatosis and increased plasma cholesterol levels. However, the link between excessive lipid accumulation and impairments in cholesterol metabolism remains uninvestigated in the liver. Hence, a short treatment with a high-fat diet (HFD) was previously shown to promote excessive lipid accumulation in liver prior to the development of metabolic disorders. The present study intended to characterize how increases in liver fat alter the expression of several key regulators of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in response to a short-term HFD.
Methods Young Wistar rats were randomly submitted either to HFD (n = 8) or a regular chow diet (RCD; n = 8) for 14 days.Liver tissue and blood were sampled .
Results Increases in triglycerides were highly significant (P< 0.01) in liver but marginal in plasma of HFD rats. In contrast, the HFD resulted in higher (P< 0.01) cholesterol levels in plasma but not in liver samples. Gene expression of key markers involved in cholesterol uptake (LDL particles) including low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) along with ATP-binding cassette, superfamily G, member 5 (ABCG5) involved in cholesterol exportation viabile ducts were found to be higher (P< 0.05) in response to the HFD. In contrast, expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), involved in cholesterol synthesis was down-regulated in liver
Conclusions The data support the concept that excessive accumulation of lipids promptly alters the expression of key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism in liver. On a clinical point of view, this indicates that increases in plasma cholesterol occur after a short-term high fat diet.
PL-011 Astaxanthin Reduces High Intensity Training Induced Myocardial Cell Apoptosis Via Activating Nrf2 in Rats
Authors: Guo Xian , Cao Jianmin , Wang Yi , Zhou Haitao , Zhang Jing , Niu Yanlong , Hu Ge 
Published: October 2018

Objective Long-term intensive training may led to ischemia oxygen reaction and increase the ROS. Astaxanthin, as the super antioxidant, was investigated to against anti-oxidative stress. By supplementing the astaxanthin, we wanted to observe if it can mediated Nrf2 reduces myocardial cell oxidative injury in rats after high intensity training of 6 weeks.
Methods 7-week SD male rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: control group ( C group，n =10)，high intensity training group ( HT group，n = 15)，astaxanthin and high intensity training group (HTA group，n = 15) . The rats in HTA group were given with astaxanthin 20 mg /kg·d and in HT group were given with oil during the training day．The serum cTnI，myocardial apoptosis index, the expression of myocardial BAX, Bcl2, Nrf2, HO-1, myocardial MDA，SOD and T- AOC activity were measured 24 hours after the last training．
Results After 6-week tranning of high intensity, compared with group C, the serum cTNI, myocardial apoptosis index, the expression of BAX and myocardial MDA were significantly higher in group HT(P<0.01).The Bcl2/Bax, the expression of HO-1, SOD and T-AOC activity were significantly declined (P<0.01). After the intervention of 6-week astaxanthin, compared with group HT, the serum cTNI, myocardial MDA, the myocardial apoptosis index, the expression of BAX were significantly lower in HTA group (cTNI(ng/ml): 1.16±0.27 VS 2.47±0.39, P<0.05; myocardial apoptosis index: 164.27±3.98 VS 196.20±9.65, P<0.01; BAX: 58.40±5.95 VS 78.03±3.80, P<0.01 ). Finally, Bcl2/Bax, SOD, T-AOC activity, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly higher (Bcl2/Bax : 1.92±0.10 VS 1.19±0.18, P<0.01; SOD(U/mg): 52.38±6.15 VS 38.32±3.36, P<0.01; T-AOC(U/mg): 30.22±4.07 VS 23.76±3.20, P<0.01; Nrf2: 93.61±8.53 VS 74.26±6.69, P<0.01; HO-1: 84.99±13.78 VS 64.22±11.39, P<0.05).
Conclusions The supplement of astaxanthin can mediate Nrf2 signaling pathway, and elevate the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Then it can increase the activity of SOD and T-AOC and reduce the myocardial oxidative level and myocardial apoptosis in rats caused by 6-week high intensity training. Finally, the structure and function of heart tissue are back to normal.
PL-015 Aerobic exercise increases BKCa channel expression to enhance tracheal smooth muscle relaxation in a murine asthma model
Authors: Huang Junhao , Hu Min , Yang Weiyue , Zhao Mengke 
Published: October 2018

Objective Increasing evidence has shown that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training reduces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in patients with asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in smooth muscle contractility have not been fully elucidated. Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) are expressed broadly on smooth muscle cells and play an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. We tested the hypothesis that exercise training increases the contribution of BKCa channel to tracheal smooth muscle relaxation in in ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged asthmatic rats.
Methods Rats were sensitized/challenged with OVA or saline and exercised at a moderate intensity 5 times/week for 4 weeks. Tracheal smooth muscle contractility was tested. Membrane potential of primary cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells was measured. In addition, western immunoblotting was performed to study the expression levels of BKCa channel protein.
Results The contraction of rat airway smooth muscle induced by carbachol was significantly increased with asthma and exercise training reversed this alteration. Application of BKCa channel agonist, NS1619, induced tracheal smooth muscle relaxation. NS1619-induced relaxation was decreased in asthmatic rats, however exercise training significantly increased NS1619-induced relaxation. In primary cultured smooth muscle cells, NS1619-induced membrane potential was reduced with asthma and this alteration was diminished after exercise training. Additionally, western blotting revealed that the protein expression of BKCa was reduced in asthmatic group and aerobic exercise significantly improved BKCa expression.
Conclusions The present study reveals that aerobic exercise training increases BKCa expression on tracheal smooth muscle, which partly underlies the beneficial effect of exercise on improving airway smooth muscle relaxation in asthma.
PL-017 High-fat overfeeding increases intramuscular triglyceride content and perilipin protein expression in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Whytock Katie , Parry Siôn , Turner Mark , James Lewis , Fergusson Richard , Hultson Carl , Strauss Juliette , Cocks Matt , Wagenmakers Anton , Shepherd Sam 
Published: October 2018

Objective High-fat high-calorie diets can induce whole body insulin resistance (IR) whilst increasing stores of intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) contained within lipid droplets (LD). Perilipin (PLIN) proteins assist in IMTG storage. Synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP23) may support LD growth and also direct IMTG-derived fatty acids (FA) to mitochondria for β-oxidation. The objectives of this study were: 1) to test the hypothesis that 7 days of high-fat overfeeding increases IMTG content to prevent lipid induced muscle IR and 2) identify changes in PLINs, SNAP23 and mitochondria content and colocalisation of PLINs with LD, and SNAP23 with LD and mitochondria.
Methods Muscle biopsies were obtained from thevastus lateralisof thirteen healthy individuals (age: 23±1years, BMI: 24.4±0.7kg.m-2) before (0min) and during (30min) an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pre and post 7-days consuming a high-fat (65% energy) high-calorie (+50% kcal) diet. IMTG, PLIN2, PLIN3, PLIN5, SNAP23 and mitochondria content were measured using (semi)-quantitative confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. PLIN2, PLIN3 and PLIN5 colocalisation to LD was measured using object-based colocalisation analyses. Pearson’s correlation coefficient quantified colocalisation between SNAP23 and plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria and LD. Phosphorylation of intermediates of the muscle insulin-signalling cascade (Akt and AS160) were measured at 0 and 30 min of the OGTT before and after the dietary intervention.
Results Following overfeeding phosphorylation of Akt and AS160 in muscle was not impaired during the OGTT, however Matsuda index of whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased (-23%; P < 0.01). IMTG content increased in type I fibres (+100%; P < 0.001) due to both an increase in LD number (+43%; P < 0.001) and size (+44%; P< 0.001). Of the PLINs investigated, only PLIN3 content increased (+50%;P < 0.01) exclusively in type I fibres. PLIN2-associated LD increased (+80%; P < 0.01) in type I fibres only, whereas PLIN3 and PLIN5-associated LD were unaltered. SNAP23 and mitochondria content did not change, nor did the colocalisation of SNAP23 with the PM, mitochondria or LD.
Conclusions Our data confirm the hypothesis that following high-fat overfeeding IMTG stores increased whilst activation of key muscle insulin signalling components were maintained. The increase in IMTG stores is likely supported by the concurrent increase in total PLIN3 content and a redistribution of existing stores of PLIN2 to the expanded LD pool in type I fibres. To confirm if increased IMTG storage protects muscle from IR future research should determine whether meal-derived FAs are directed to IMTG rather than ceramides and diacylglycerol.
PL-019 Effect of early exercise on autophagy of liver tumor in mice
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Zhe , Li Jing , Wang Xinghao 
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate whether the liver autophagy level can be altered by pre exercise training in mice liver tumors.
Methods 40 Male C57BL/6J mice aged 7 months were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (YC) and exercise group (YE). YE were exercised on a treadmill for 12 weeks (12m/min). After12 weeks each group was randomly divided into two groups. The tumor model was constructed by injection of HEPA1- 6 mouse hepatoma cell into liver tissue.Then the groups were control group (YC), exercise group (YE), tumor group (YCT), exercise tumor group (YET).The experimental samples were prepared on the 13 day after the tumor model was constructed. the hematoxylin and eosin stain of the liver was observed.The expression of autophagy related protein BECLIN1, LC3-II and ATG5 in liver tissues of mice was detected by Western blot.
Results Compared with YCT group,the boundary of inflammatory cells and tumor cells in YET group was clear with normal cells.Compared with YCT group, the expression levels of BECLIN1, LC3-II and ATG5 in liver tissue of YET group were significantly higher (p < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05).
Conclusions Early exercise can help the 7 month old mice to resist the occurrence and development of the liver tumor. It's probably associated with increased level of autophagy in the liver by early exercise training.
PL - 029 Responses of Urine and Blood Biochemical Markers to Exercise-induced Body Fluid Losses in Elite Chinese Road Cyclists
Authors: Han Qi , Fu Jinde , Shao Jing , Wang Qirong , Fang Zilong , Gao Hong , Zhou Lili , Yi Muqing 
Published: October 2018

Objective To examine biochemistry parameters regarding exercise induced fatigue, e.g. Sweat Loss (SL), Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Blood Urinary Nitrogen (BUN), etc.
Methods This study examined Sweat Loss and blood biochemistry biomarkers regarding fatigue and muscle injury among elite cyclists under a training mode of 120 min moderate workload at 50 - 70% VO2max, then, 10 min relaxation, and then, followed up with a 20 min of spinning session over 85% VO2max. 12 healthy elite Chinese male cyclists (22.6 ± 2.9 years old, 78.3 ± 5.7 kg in weight, 184.6 ± 4.3 cm in height) were recruited. They performed four exercise performance tests throughout this study with 15 days washout period in between. Blood serum tests and urine tests were taken both pre- and post-exercise tests, and dynamic cardio-respiratory hardware (MetaMax 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Germany) was applied during each of their test. There were 2 different sport beverages available. The fluid replacement plan was a double blind crossover design. The volume of fluid intake was in accordance with ACSM recommendation for fluid replacement. Those who were assigned with sport beverage A (6% carbohydrate with 1% peptide) for the first and second performance tests, will be re-assigned to sport beverage B (6% carbohydrate without peptide) for the third and fourth performance tests, vice versa. Notes were taken for the volume of fluid intake to calculate the estimated Sweat Loss.
Results We found 91.7% trials have increased LDH, 88.9% trials have increased CK, and 100% trials have been observed increased BUN right after exercise performance test. Even with sufficient water supply, athletes hydration status were getting worse after exercise performance test, their urine USG results were 1.024 ± 0.006 and 1.027 ± 0.006 for pre- and post-exercise performance test respectively. Their dehydration status quantified by the percentage change in body mass (%BM) was 1.86% ± 1.03% with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.57% to 2.15%.
Conclusions Though, with sufficient water supply, athletes hydration status were getting worse after exercise performance test considering Sweat Loss and blood biochemistry indicators regarding fatigue and muscle injury.
PL - 034 Impact of PM2.5 Exposures and Pre-exercise on Pulmonary Function and Leukocyte Count in Aged Rats
Authors: Qin Fei , Zhao Jiexiu , Xu Mingxiao , Dong Yanan , Wang Zhongwei 
Published: October 2018

Objective Exposure of PM2.5 has been associated with adverse respiratory and the risk of inflammation. While regular physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of many adverse health effects. This study aimed to examine the protection of pre-exercise on adverse health effects of Pulmonary Function and inflammatory induced by PM2.5 exposures in aged rats.
Methods 24 male wistar rats, aged 16 months, were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sedentary (S), Exercise (E), Sedentary+ PM2.5 exposures (S+PM), and Exercise+ PM2.5 exposures (E+PM). The rats in all E-related groups went through an aerobic treadmill exercise protocol (15m/min, 30 min) at every other day. The PM-related groups of aged rats were exposed to concentrated ambient particles of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or filtered air (FA) in Beijing, for 4 hours per day, 7 days per week for a total of 2 weeks. After 2-week PM Exposure, blood was taken to measure the count of white blood cell (WC), neutrophil (NE), lymphocytes (LY), monocyte (MO), eosinophils (EO) and basophil (BA), and pulmonary function examined by whole body plethysmography.
Results After 2-week PM exposure, compared with E group, S+PM group’ s percentage of NE decreased significantly (p＜0.05), while the decline of NE% in E+PM group was small. Meanwhile, the obviously rise of BA% occurred in S+PM and E+PM group compared with sedentary group (p＜0.05). 2) Compared with E group, the Index of constriction (Penh and PAU) were increased evidently in S+PM group after PM exposure (p＜0.05), while the value of Penh were significantly improved in E+PM group (p＜0.05). 3) Compared with E group, the rejection index (RinX) (p＜0.01) and duration of pause before inspiration (TP) (p＜0.05) were appeared a clearly inclined in S+PM group, as well as several up-regulated of RinX and TP showed in E+PM group.
Conclusions 2-week PM2.5 exposures led to an increased susceptibility of infections, index of constriction and susceptibility of pulmonary function in aged rats. Moderate pre-exercise has beneficial effects on pulmonary function and immune function.
OR-008 ERK-BAX signaling is involved in GLP-1-mediated antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise in CUMS mice
Authors: Liu Weina , Liu Jiatong , Huang Zhuochun , Li Lingxia , Liu Wenbin , Cui Zhiming , Qi Zhengtang 
Published: October 2018

Objective Both depression itself and antidepressant medication have been reported to be significantly related to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a treatment target for T2DM, has a neuroprotective effect. As an enhancer and sensitiser of GLP-1, metformin has been reported to be safe for the neurodevelopment. The present study aimed to determine whether and how GLP-1 mediates antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise in mice.
Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 8 weeks. From the 4th week, CUMS mice were subjected to oral metformin treatment and/or treadmill running. A videocomputerized tracking system was used to record behaviors of mice for a 5-min session. ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine gene expression in mouse serum or hippocampus.
Results Our results supported the validity of metformin as a useful antidepressant; moreover, treadmill running favored metformin effects on exploratory behaviors and serum corticosterone levels. CUMS reduced GLP-1 protein levels and phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), but increased protein levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X-protein (BAX) in mice hippocampus. All these changes were restored by both single and combined treatment with metformin and exercise.
Conclusions Our findings have demonstrated that ERK-BAX signaling is involved in GLP-1-mediated antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise, which may provide a novel topic for future clinical research.
OR-013 One Year Outdoor and Daytime Aerobic Dance Practice Increased Serum 25(OH)D3 and PTH, but Decreased FSH Level of Postmenopausal Women
Authors: ZUO QUN , ZHANG YANYAN 
Published: October 2018

Objective Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in postmenopausal women. It is verified that Vitamin D3 supplementation intake can improve the Vitamin D3 level of those Vitamin D deficiency patients. In addition to the exogenous intake, whether aerobic exercise plus sunshine could affect vitamin D level in postmenopausal women gained our attention.
Methods 16 postmenopausal women in Shanghai attended this test. They voluntarily participated in a one year aerobics plan, practicing Chinese traditional dance outdoor under sunshine for one hour from 9:30-10:30 am each day. Before and after one year practice, serum 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3 and estradiol E2, follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH), parathyroid hormone(PTH) of all participants were analyzed.
Results Before aerobics practice, serum 25(OH)D and 25(OH)D3 levels were 16.30±4.12(ng/ml) and 15.60±3.79(ng/ml). After one year practice, the data were significantly increased 19.50% (P=0.002) and 18.78% (P=0.002), separately. Before aerobics practice, the state of 25(OH)D level of 13 women was inadequacy (≤20.0ng/ml), 3 women was in lack status (20-30ng/ml). After one year practice, 9 women was inadequacy, 7 women in lack. The value of the chi square test was 4.747(P=0.029). After one year practice, serum PTH significantly increased, while FSH significantly decreased. E2 and LH had no significant variance before and after one year of aerobics practice.
Conclusions One year aerobics practice under sunshine could increase serum 25(OH)D level, and affected estrogen levels variably in postmenopausal women.
OR-028 Ageing effect of muscular athletic capability in knee joints over healthy woman aged 45 - 64 years
Authors: Wang Fei , Fu Haixia , Shi Xiaofeng , Zhao Yang 
Published: October 2018

Objective It is important to evaluate the effect of age on muscular athletic capability in knee joints over healthy woman aged 45 to 64. The research could provide female ageing effect on muscular athletic capability for elderly persons, aiming to promote the relative research on exercise improvement and Women's health.
Methods A total of 126 volunteers were selected. The knee muscle strength indexes were tested on side-to-side using self-developed digital isometric muscle function test system. Main indexes include muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscle endurance on side-to-side. The age groups are classified with 5 years intervals recommended by WHO. The statistics of trend, correlation network, ANOVA and PCA were employed to distinguish the aging effects. All test were implemented in R platform (version 3.3.3).
Results (1) muscle strength showed obvious differences between left and right; the relative higher explosive force occurred with extensor muscles on the left showing the significant changing point at 100 ms after 50; the muscle endurance and fatigue index showed side differences after 60. (2) muscle strength trend showed “down then up” characteristics with the slightly ahead of 55 on the right side as well as muscle endurance indexes. (3) indexes between explosive force variables showed strong significant difference (p<0.001) while muscle fatigue indexes showed side differences; muscle strength in flexor muscles displayed significant correlations with explosive force variables on the right but opposite in extensor muscles on the left. (4) the huge difference occurred in extensor groups especially the comparison between minimum and maximum groups. (5) the main influences on knee muscular athletic capability include explosive force variables as well as muscle fatigue index.
Conclusions Both ageing effect and side effect are observed in muscular athletic capability in knee joints over healthy woman aged 45 - 64 years. After 55, the related variables showed decrease trend indicating the potential decreased muscular athletic capability. In both flexor and extensor muscles, strength variables displayed significant side differences, showing high explosive force in flexor muscles on the right side. The crucial age 50 and 55 became the turning points for knee muscular athletic capability especially with explosive forces.