bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Its Correlates Among Junior High School Students at 53 Months After Experiencing an Earthquake
Authors: Liu Qiaolan , Jiang Min , Yang Yang , Zhou Huan , Zhou Yanyang , Yang Min , Xu Huanyu , Ji Yuanyi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its determinants among adolescents more than 4 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.MethodAdolescents (1,125 total) from 2 junior high schools in areas affected by the catastrophic earthquake were followed up for 3 years. The self-rating PTSD scale based on the Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) and the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, 2nd Edition, Revised (CCMD-2-R) was collected at 53 months, and determinant data were collected repeatedly. Logistic regression was used for a determinants analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of overall PTSD was 23.4% among the sample. The risk factors for PTSD were older age (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.20~1.92), and death or injury of a family member in the earthquake (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.09~2.37). Adolescents who had moderate-to-severe common mental health problems were more likely to have PTSD symptoms, with ORs from 3.98 to 17.67 (All P<0.05). Self-esteem remained a protective factor for PTSD regardless of age, whereas positive coping was a protective factor for PTSD when adolescents were older.ConclusionPTSD symptoms among adolescent survivors of a catastrophic earthquake seemed to persist over time. Long-term interventions are needed to alleviate PTSD symptoms among adolescent survivors. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:414-418)
Animal-type melanoma: dog or wolf? A review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Stucci Luigia Stefania , Palmirotta Raffaele , Lovero Domenica , Silvestris Erica , Cafforio Paola , Felici Claudia , Todisco Annalisa , Nacchiero Eleonora , Pezzuto Federica , Tucci Marco , Silvestris Franco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe human animal type melanoma (ATM) is a rare subtype of melanoma characterised by the proliferation of pigmented dermal epithelioid and spindled melanocytes. However, this variant of melanoma is still lacking a precise nosography definition and classification for the difficulty to be distinguished from other more common melanocytic lesions, as well as for its peculiar biological behaviour. On the other hand, the contribution of scientific literature to this issue is fragmented and limited to the description of very few cases. Starting from the presentation of a case with abnormally aggressive clinical features, here we revisit the current knowledge on ATM from its dermatologic patterns, epidemiology, demography and histopathology to the clinical management. Peculiar accuracy has also been reserved to several histopathologic criteria, which are critical for the differential diagnosis from other melanocytic diseases in junction with molecular data deriving from recent cytogenetic and mutational characterisation of this tumour.
Could the aging workforce reduce the agency penalty for female leaders? Re-examining the think manager–think male stereotype
Authors: Scheuer Cara-Lynn , Loughlin Catherine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOlder workers make up a substantial portion of today’s labor force. Yet little is known about the beliefs held by this age group. Our study offers some much needed insights into intersectionality around this group, by investigating how older workers’ perceptions of supervisors performing a gendered leadership behavior are impacted by a supervisors’ sex, age, and gendered attributes. The results show that these supervisors are perceived most favorably when they possess communal qualities and/or when they are depicted as being older than their direct reports. Our results also reveal that, when these supervisors are not perceived as communal, male but not female supervisors, experience a backlash. Within this context, young female leaders appear to be at an advantage when compared with young male leaders. This study advances the literature on the ‘think manager–think male’ stereotype and has the practical benefit of offering insights into leader-follower interactions in today’s aging workplace.
Indigenous Peoples and Affinity Voting in Canada
Authors: Dabin Simon , Daoust Jean François , Papillon Martin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies interested in Indigenous voting in Canada tend to focus on socio-economic, cultural and political factors that explain their lower levels of electoral participation. While highly relevant given Canada's ongoing reality as a settler-colonial state, these studies are of limited help in making sense of recent increases in electoral engagement in Indigenous communities across the country. Using data from four elections between 2006 and 2015, this study focuses instead on why some Indigenous individuals vote and how they vote. Our analysis suggests that one of many possible reasons for the recent surge in Indigenous turnout has to do with the candidates presenting themselves for elections. Higher voter turnout in Indigenous communities corresponds with a higher proportion of Indigenous candidates. This trend is consistent with the literature on affinity voting. We also find that political parties who present an Indigenous candidate receive more votes in constituencies with a high proportion of Indigenous voters.
Linking genes, circuits, and behavior: network connectivity as a novel endophenotype of externalizing
Authors: Sadeh Naomi , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Logue Mark W. , Hayes Jasmeet P. , Wolf Erika J. , McGlinchey Regina E. , Milberg William P. , Schichman Steven A. , Stone Annjanette , Miller Mark W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundExternalizing disorders are known to be partly heritable, but the biological pathways linking genetic risk to the manifestation of these costly behaviors remain under investigation. This study sought to identify neural phenotypes associated with genomic vulnerability for externalizing disorders.MethodsOne-hundred fifty-five White, non-Hispanic veterans were genotyped using a genome-wide array and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic susceptibility was assessed using an independently developed polygenic score (PS) for externalizing, and functional neural networks were identified using graph theory based network analysis. Tasks of inhibitory control and psychiatric diagnosis (alcohol/substance use disorders) were used to measure externalizing phenotypes.ResultsA polygenic externalizing disorder score (PS) predicted connectivity in a brain circuit (10 nodes, nine links) centered on left amygdala that included several cortical [bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars triangularis, left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC)] and subcortical (bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and striatum) regions. Directional analyses revealed that bilateral amygdala influenced left prefrontal cortex (IFG) in participants scoring higher on the externalizing PS, whereas the opposite direction of influence was observed for those scoring lower on the PS. Polygenic variation was also associated with higher Participation Coefficient for bilateral amygdala and left rACC, suggesting that genes related to externalizing modulated the extent to which these nodes functioned as communication hubs.ConclusionsFindings suggest that externalizing polygenic risk is associated with disrupted connectivity in a neural network implicated in emotion regulation, impulse control, and reinforcement learning. Results provide evidence that this network represents a genetically associated neurobiological vulnerability for externalizing disorders.
Stereotypes as source of subcultural capital: Poland and the Polish in the auto-representation project of the Dutch rapper, Mr. Polska
Authors: Dynarowicz Ewa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOver the past few years Mr. Polska, a Dutch rapper of Polish origin, has been enjoying a growing popularity in the Netherlands. Mr. Polska uses his Polish roots to position himself on the Dutch music scene and creates a persona that leans heavily on essentialised and exoticised stereotypes about Poland and the Polish. This article tries to answer two questions: what kind of image of Poland and the Poles is being created here? What purpose does it serve? It argues that negative stereotypes used in a multicultural environment acquire a new, positive meaning and play an important role in building the artist's image. The article further explores the post-subcultural character of Mr. Polska's project. It demonstrates that Mr. Polska's objective is not so much political engagement, as was usually the case with the traditional subcultural scene, but rather to confirm his authenticity and build his subcultural capital. Finally, Mr. Polska's use of a hip-hop aesthetic in combination with exoticised Polishness will be discussed.
Cover Crops May Cause Winter Warming in Snow‐Covered Regions
Authors: Lombardozzi D. L. , Bonan G. B. , Wieder W. , Grandy A. S. , Morris C. , Lawrence D. L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCover crops, grown between cash crops when soil is fallow, are a management strategy that may help mitigate climate change. The biogeochemical effects of cover crops are well documented, as they provide numerous localized benefits to farmers. We test potential biogeophysical climate impacts of idealized cover crop scenarios by assuming that cover crops are planted offseason in all crop regions throughout North America. Our results suggest that planting cover crops increases wintertime temperature up to 3 °C in central North America by decreasing albedo in regions with variable snowpack. Cover crops with higher leaf area indices increase temperature more by decreasing broadband albedo, while decreasing cover crop height helped to mitigate the temperature increase as the shorter height was more frequently buried by snow. Thus, climate mitigation potential must consider the biogeophysical impacts of planting cover crops, and varietal selection can minimize winter warming.
Evolution of gene knockout strains of E. coli reveal regulatory architectures governed by metabolism
Authors: McCloskey Douglas , Xu Sibei , Sandberg Troy E. , Brunk Elizabeth , Hefner Ying , Szubin Richard , Feist Adam M. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiological regulatory network architectures are multi-scale in their function and can adaptively acquire new functions. Gene knockout (KO) experiments provide an established experimental approach not just for studying gene function, but also for unraveling regulatory networks in which a gene and its gene product are involved. Here we study the regulatory architecture ofEscherichia coliK-12 MG1655 by applying adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) to metabolic gene KO strains. Multi-omic analysis reveal a common overall schema describing the process of adaptation whereby perturbations in metabolite concentrations lead regulatory networks to produce suboptimal states, whose function is subsequently altered and re-optimized through acquisition of mutations during ALE. These results indicate that metabolite levels, through metabolite-transcription factor interactions, have a dominant role in determining the function of a multi-scale regulatory architecture that has been molded by evolution.
Deep neural networks for accurate predictions of crystal stability
Authors: Ye Weike , Chen Chi , Wang Zhenbin , Chu Iek-Heng , Ong Shyue Ping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPredicting the stability of crystals is one of the central problems in materials science. Today, density functional theory (DFT) calculations remain comparatively expensive and scale poorly with system size. Here we show that deep neural networks utilizing just two descriptors—the Pauling electronegativity and ionic radii—can predict the DFT formation energies of C3A2D3O12 garnets and ABO3 perovskites with low mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 7–10 meV atom−1 and 20–34 meV atom−1, respectively, well within the limits of DFT accuracy. Further extension to mixed garnets and perovskites with little loss in accuracy can be achieved using a binary encoding scheme, addressing a critical gap in the extension of machine-learning models from fixed stoichiometry crystals to infinite universe of mixed-species crystals. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of these models to rapidly transverse vast chemical spaces to accurately identify stable compositions, accelerating the discovery of novel materials with potentially superior properties.
Deterministic preparation of highly non-classical macroscopic quantum states
Authors: Latmiral Ludovico , Mintert Florian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a scheme to deterministically prepare non-classical quantum states of a massive mirror including highly non-Gaussian states exhibiting sizeable negativity of the Wigner function. This is achieved by exploiting the non-linear light–matter interaction in an optomechanical cavity by driving the system with optimally designed frequency patterns. Our scheme reveals to be resilient against mechanical and optical damping, as well as mechanical thermal noise and imperfections in the driving scheme. Our proposal thus opens a promising route for table-top experiments to explore and exploit macroscopic quantum phenomena.
Two-copy Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Quan Quan , Zhao Ming-Jing , Fei Shao-Ming , Fan Heng , Yang Wen-Li , Long Gui-Lu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate two-copy scenario of quantum teleportation based on Bell measurements. The detailed protocol is presented and the general expression of the corresponding optimal teleportation fidelity is derived, which is given by the two-copy fully entangled fraction that is invariant under local unitary transformations. We prove that under a specific case of the protocol, which is significant for improving the optimal fidelity, the set of states with their two-copy fully entangled fractions bounded by a threshold value that required for useful two-copy teleportation is convex and compact. Hence the witness operators exist to separate states that are useful for two-copy teleportation from the rest ones. Moreover, we show that the optimal fidelity of two-copy teleportation surpasses that of the original one copy teleportation.
The added value of online user-generated content in traditional methods for influenza surveillance
Authors: Wagner Moritz , Lampos Vasileios , Cox Ingemar J. , Pebody Richard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere has been considerable work in evaluating the efficacy of using online data for health surveillance. Often comparisons with baseline data involve various squared error and correlation metrics. While useful, these overlook a variety of other factors important to public health bodies considering the adoption of such methods. In this paper, a proposed surveillance system that incorporates models based on recent research efforts is evaluated in terms of its added value for influenza surveillance at Public Health England. The system comprises of two supervised learning approaches trained on influenza-like illness (ILI) rates provided by the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) and produces ILI estimates using Twitter posts or Google search queries. RCGP ILI rates for different age groups and laboratory confirmed cases by influenza type are used to evaluate the models with a particular focus on predicting the onset, overall intensity, peak activity and duration of the 2015/16 influenza season. We show that the Twitter-based models perform poorly and hypothesise that this is mostly due to the sparsity of the data available and a limited training period. Conversely, the Google-based model provides accurate estimates with timeliness of approximately one week and has the potential to complement current surveillance systems.
Sharing of human milk oligosaccharides degradants within bifidobacterial communities in faecal cultures supplemented with Bifidobacterium bifidum
Authors: Gotoh Aina , Katoh Toshihiko , Sakanaka Mikiyasu , Ling Yiwei , Yamada Chihaya , Asakuma Sadaki , Urashima Tadasu , Tomabechi Yusuke , Katayama-Ikegami Ayako , Kurihara Shin , Yamamoto Kenji , Harata Gaku , He Fang , Hirose Junko , Kitaoka Motomitsu , Okuda Shujiro , Katayama Takane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGut microbiota of breast-fed infants are generally rich in bifidobacteria. Recent studies show that infant gut-associated bifidobacteria can assimilate human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) specifically among the gut microbes. Nonetheless, little is known about how bifidobacterial-rich communities are shaped in the gut. Interestingly, HMOs assimilation ability is not related to the dominance of each species. Bifidobacterium longum susbp. longum and Bifidobacterium breve are commonly found as the dominant species in infant stools; however, they show limited HMOs assimilation ability in vitro. In contrast, avid in vitro HMOs consumers, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, are less abundant in infant stools. In this study, we observed altruistic behaviour by B. bifidum when incubated in HMOs-containing faecal cultures. Four B. bifidum strains, all of which contained complete sets of HMO-degrading genes, commonly left HMOs degradants unconsumed during in vitro growth. These strains stimulated the growth of other Bifidobacterium species when added to faecal cultures supplemented with HMOs, thereby increasing the prevalence of bifidobacteria in faecal communities. Enhanced HMOs consumption by B. bifidum-supplemented cultures was also observed. We also determined the complete genome sequences of B. bifidum strains JCM7004 and TMC3115. Our results suggest B. bifidum-mediated cross-feeding of HMOs degradants within bifidobacterial communities.
15d-PGJ2-loaded nanocapsules ameliorate experimental gout arthritis by reducing pain and inflammation in a PPAR-gamma-sensitive manner in mice
Authors: Ruiz-Miyazawa Kenji W. , Staurengo-Ferrari Larissa , Pinho-Ribeiro Felipe A. , Fattori Victor , Zaninelli Tiago H. , Badaro-Garcia Stephanie , Borghi Sergio M. , Andrade Ketlem C. , Clemente-Napimoga Juliana T. , Alves-Filho Jose C. , Cunha Thiago M. , Fraceto Leonardo F. , Cunha Fernando Q. , Napimoga Marcelo H. , Casagrande Rubia , Verri Waldiceu A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGout arthritis (GA) is a painful inflammatory disease in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. 15deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is a natural activator of PPAR-γ with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-resolution properties. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of action of 15d-PGJ2 nanocapsules (NC) in the model of GA in mice, since a reduction of 33-fold in the dose of 15d-PGJ2 has been reported. Mice were treated with 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC, inert NC, free 15d-PGJ2 (without NC), or 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC+ GW9662, a PPAR-γ inhibitor. We show that 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC provided analgesic effect in a dose that the free 15d-PGJ2 failed to inhibiting pain and inflammation. Hence, 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC reduced MSU-induced IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-33 release and oxidative stress. Also, 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC decreased the maturation of IL-1β in LPS-primed BMDM triggered by MSU. Further, 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC decreased the expression of the components of the inflammasome Nlrp3, Asc, and Pro-caspase-1, as consequence of inhibiting NF-κB activation. All effects were PPAR-γ-sensitive. Therefore, we demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC present analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner inhibiting IL-1β release and NF-κB activation in GA. Concluding, 15d-PGJ2-loaded NC ameliorates MSU-induced GA in a PPAR-γ-sensitive manner.
SIRT1 activation attenuates α cell hyperplasia, hyperglucagonaemia and hyperglycaemia in STZ-diabetic mice
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Thai Kerri , Jin Tianru , Woo Minna , Gilbert Richard E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylase, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), plays a central role in metabolic regulation. With type 1 diabetes a disease that is characterised by metabolic dysregulation, we sought to assess the impact of SIRT1 activation in experimental, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. CD1 mice with and without STZ-induced diabetes were randomized to receive the SIRT1 activating compound, SRT3025, or vehicle over 20 weeks. Vehicle treated STZ-CD1 mice developed severe hyperglycaemia with near-absent circulating insulin and widespread beta cell loss in association with hyperglucagonaemia and expanded islet alpha cell mass. Without affecting ß-cell mass or circulating insulin, diabetic mice that received SRT3025 had substantially improved glycaemic control with greatly reduced islet α cell mass and lower plasma glucagon concentrations. Consistent with reduced glucagon abundance, the diabetes-associated overexpression of key gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and PEPCK were also lowered by SRT3025. Incubating cultured α cells with SRT3025 diminished their glucagon secretion and proliferative activity in association with a reduction in the α cell associated transcription factor, Aristaless Related Homeobox (Arx). By reducing the paradoxical increase in glucagon, SIRT1 activation may offer a new, α-cell centric approach to the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Evaluating Hearing Aid Management: Development of the Hearing Aid Skills and Knowledge Inventory (HASKI)
Authors: Bennett Rebecca J. , Meyer Carly J. , Eikelboom Robert H. , Atlas Marcus D. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Although hearing health care clinicians provide training on hearing aid handling and management as part of the rehabilitation program, clinical studies suggest that the level of management skill demonstrated by hearing aid owners is low. In the absence of a comprehensive clinical survey to identify these shortfalls in clinical training, the objective of this study was to develop and report the psychometric properties of the Hearing Aid Skills and Knowledge Inventory (HASKI: a self-administered version and a clinician-administered version). The HASKI evaluates the knowledge and skills required for hearing aid management. A secondary aim was to report the prevalence of hearing aid management difficulties in an Australian population.

Method

The development of the HASKI and the investigation of its psychometric properties in a prospective convenience cohort of 518 adult hearing aid owners, ranging in age from 18 to 97 years (
M
= 71 years,
SD
= 14), 60% male, 38% female, and 2% undisclosed, recruited from 7 hearing clinics across Australia, were used.

Results
The HASKI (both the self-administered and clinician administered) demonstrated high internal consistency, interdimensional relationships, construct validity, test–retest reliability, interobserver reliability, and criterion validity. A range of aptitudes were observed from low to full competency, with 99% of participants indicating difficulty with at least 1 item on the survey.

Conclusions
The Hearing Aid Skills and Knowledge Inventories are valid and reliable measures of hearing aid handling and management skills with good potential for use in clinical settings. Hearing aid management is an area of difficulty for the majority of hearing aid owners, indicating the need for clinicians to improve the efficacy of hearing aid management training delivered.