bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Coupled Terahertz Semiconductor Lasers for Enhanced Passive Frequency Comb Operation
Authors: Li Hua , Yan Ming , Wan Wenjian , Zhou Tao , Zhou Kang , Li Ziping , Cao Juncheng , Yu Qiang , Zhang Kai , Li Min , Nan Junyi , He Boqu , Zeng Heping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptical frequency combs, consisting of well‐controlled equidistant frequency lines, have been widely used in precision spectroscopy and metrology. Terahertz combs have been realized in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by employing either an active mode‐locking or phase seeding technique, or a dispersion compensator mirror. However, it remains a challenge to achieve the passive comb formation in terahertz semiconductor lasers due to the insufficient nonlinearities of conventional saturable absorbers. Here, a passive terahertz frequency comb is demonstrated by coupling a multilayer graphene sample into a QCL compound cavity. The terahertz modes are self‐stabilized with intermode beat note linewidths down to a record of 700 Hz and the comb operation of graphene‐coupled QCLs is validated by on‐chip dual‐comb measurements. Furthermore, the optical pulse emitted from the graphene‐coupled QCL is directly measured employing a terahertz pump–probe technique. The enhanced passive frequency comb operation is attributed to the saturable absorption behavior of the graphene‐integrated saturable absorber mirror, as well as the dispersion compensation introduced by the graphene sample. The results provide a conceptually different graphene‐based approach for passive comb formation in terahertz QCLs, opening up intriguing opportunities for fast and high‐precision terahertz spectroscopy and nonlinear photonics.
Resistive Switching Effect with ON/OFF Current Relation up to 109 in 2D Printed Composite Films of Fluorinated Graphene with V2O5 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ivanov Artem I. , Gutakovskii Anton K. , Kotin Igor A. , Soots Regina A. , Antonova Irina V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractComposite films consisting of fluorinated graphene flakes with vanadium oxide (V2O5) nanoparticles exhibit a stable bipolar resistive switching effect that depends on the size of the composite particles, on the proportion between the film components, on the heat‐treatment conditions of the films (or on the hydration degree of V2O5 nanoparticles), and on the area of the structures. The ON/OFF current ratio of printed crossbar structures reaches 106–109 for films 20–50 nm thick, with the switching voltage varying in the range from 1.5 to 3.7 V, 30 ns time for structure switching, and endurance characteristics up to 1.3 × 103 switching cycles without any changes in ON/OFF current ratio. A mechanism to describe the resistive switching effect implying the formation of sign‐alternating electric fields in a multibarrier structure is proposed. The investigated structures are of interest for the fabrication of nonvolatile memory cells, including memory cells for flexible and printed electronics.
Tribo‐Tunneling DC Generator with Carbon Aerogel/Silicon Multi‐Nanocontacts
Authors: Liu Jun , Cheikh Mohamad Ibrahim , Bao Rima , Peng Huihui , Liu Feifei , Li Zhi , Jiang Keren , Chen James , Thundat Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough tip‐enhanced tribo‐tunneling in metal/semiconductor point nanocontact is capable of producing DC with high current density, scaling up the process for power harvesting for practical applications is challenging due to the complexity of tip array fabrication and insufficient voltage output. Here, it is demonstrated that mechanical contact between a carbon aerogel and silicon (SiO2/Si) interface naturally forms multiple nanocontacts for tribo‐tunneling current generation with an open‐circuit voltage output (VOC) reaching 2 V, and short‐circuit DC current output (ISC) of ≈15 µA. It has a theoretical current density ( J*) on the order of 100 A m−2. Molecular dynamics simulation and atomistic field theory show that a strong localized electronic excitation can be induced at a dynamic carbon/SiO2 sliding interface, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. The DC power output is enhanced by the intense local pressure at the presence of nanocontacts, as well as the increased sliding velocity v. To demonstrate the method for practical applications, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with different colors are successfully lighted by a single‐carbon aerogel monolith/SiO2 sliding unit, and the DC electricity is stored in a capacitor without an additional rectification circuit.
Pollen performance decreases with plant age for outcrosser but not selfer: evidence for cost of male performance
Authors: Malagon Daniel A. , Roche Morgan D. , McElderry Robert M. , Kalisz Susan 
Published: August 2019

PremiseDeclines in reproductive capabilities with increasing age are common across the tree of life. However, in plants, mating system traits have rarely been tested for signs of senescence. Since reproduction is often resource limited, we might expect outcrossing and selfing taxa to allocate these resources differently, especially as a plant ages. Compared with selfers, outcrossers are expected to produce showy, rewarding flowers that attract pollinators and high‐quality pollen that can successfully compete for ovules. Yet, this resource‐intensive strategy of outcrossers may result in declines in floral allocation and pollen performance metrics, relative to selfers.MethodsTo explore age‐related changes in reproduction, we measured flower size and pollen germinability over the flowering period for multiple populations of an annual sister species pair, Collinsia linearis (outcrosser) and C. rattanii (selfer), in a growth chamber experiment.ResultsWe found that flower size decreased significantly with age in both species. The outcrosser expressed a significant and dramatic (88%) decline in pollen germinability with age, while the selfer's pollen germinability decline was non‐significant and low (17%).ConclusionsOur results support the idea that the higher total cost of reproduction in outcrossers can deplete available resources more rapidly than in selfers, manifesting as a decline in male performance with plant age.
Triangular excision and submucosal rejoining to correct horizontally folded caudal nasal septum
Authors: Jeon Yung Jin , Seo Jin Hyun , Joo Yeon‐Hee , Cho Hyun‐Jin , Jeon Sea‐Yuong , Kim Sang‐Wook 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSurgical correction of severe caudal deviation of nasal septum using an endonasal approach is challenging for surgeons. Among cases of severe caudal septal deflection, fracture lines along the horizontal direction are occasionally encountered during the surgery. We devised a simple and efficient technique called “triangular excision and submucosal rejoining” to address this kind of deformity.MethodsA total of 9 patients with severe caudal septal deflection underwent “triangular excision and submucosal rejoining.” After the removal of the deformed posteroinferior portion of the quadrangular cartilage, 2 incision lines were made on the remaining caudal septum, starting from a point at the most anterior portion of the fracture line and diverging posteriorly above and below the fracture line. After removing a triangular cartilaginous piece, the upper and lower remaining cartilage segments were approximated using a single or 2 simple interrupted sutures. Sutures exiting the mucosa were re‐entered from the exit point so that all the sutures were buried underneath the mucosa while the mucosal flap was elevated only unilaterally.ResultsThis technique was effective in all cases. Septal batten grafts were applied in 3 patients, in whom the remaining quadrangular cartilage was weak and thin. One patient showed a mildly recurred septal deviation, but the nasal cavities remained patent with no symptoms. Serious complications such as dorsal saddling or tip ptosis did not occur in any cases.Conclusion“Triangular excision and submucosal rejoining” may be a safe and efficient septoplasty technique to correct a horizontally folded caudal septum.
Transnasal endoscopic resection of orbital cavernous hemangiomas: our experience with 23 cases
Authors: Ma Jingying , Zhou Bing , Qian Huang , Huang Zhenxiao , Jitong Shi 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe aim of this work was to present our single‐center experience on orbital cavernous hemangiomas managed using an endonasal endoscopic approach.MethodsThe study design used was one‐institutional retrospective review. Twenty‐three cases of orbital cavernous hemangioma were analyzed and followed up.ResultsThere were 10 males and 13 females, with an average age of 46.1 years, included in our study. Seven cases were extraconal, 16 cases were intraconal, and in 10 of the patients the optic nerve was involved and compressed. Total resection of the tumor was achieved in 16 cases; of the remaining 7 cases, partial tumor resection and orbital decompression were conducted, orbital decompression was conducted in 2 cases, and orbital decompression and optic nerve decompression were conducted in 3 cases. Visual acuity in 9 patients improved significantly, as 16 of the 20 patients with a preoperative visual field defect had a smaller defect after surgery.ConclusionThis study adds to the literature showing that endoscopic transnasal surgery is likely a reasonable option for patients with the orbital cavernous hemangiomas medial of the optic nerve. With greater experience, skilled surgical technique, and careful operation, better clinical efficacy can be achieved.
A Butterfly‐Inspired Hierarchical Light‐Trapping Structure towards a High‐Performance Polarization‐Sensitive Perovskite Photodetector
Authors: Zhan Yan , Wang Yang , Cheng Qunfeng , Li Chang , Li Kaixuan , Li Huizeng , Peng Jingsong , Lu Bo , Wang Yu , Song Yanlin , Jiang Lei , Li Mingzhu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtensive applications for photodetectors have led to demand for high‐responsivity polarization‐sensitive light detection. Inspired by the elaborate architecture of butterfly Papilio paris, a 1D nanograting bonded porous 2D photonic crystal perovskite photodetector (G‐PC‐PD) using a commercial DVD master and 2D crystalline colloidal arrays template was fabricated. The coupling effect from grating diffraction and reflection of the PC stopband renders the enhanced light harvesting of G‐PC‐PD. The porous scaffold and nanoimprinting process afford a highly crystalline perovskite film. White light responsivity and detectivity of G‐PC‐PD are up to 12.67 A W−1 and 3.22×1013 Jones (6∼7 times that of a pristine perovskite photodetector). The highly ordered nanograting arrays of G‐PC‐PD enable polarization‐sensitive light detection with a rate of −0.72 nA deg−1. This hierarchical perovskite integrated nanograting and 2D PC architecture opens a new avenue to high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
A born‐digital field‐to‐database solution for collections‐based research using collNotes and collBook
Authors: Powell Caleb , Motley Jacob , Qin Hong , Shaw Joey 
Published: August 2019

PremiseThe digitization of natural history collections includes transcribing specimen label data into standardized formats. Born‐digital specimen data initially gathered in digital formats do not need to be transcribed, enabling their efficient integration into digitized collections. Modernizing field collection methods for born‐digital workflows requires the development of new tools and processes.Methods and ResultscollNotes, a mobile application, was developed for Android and iOS to supplement traditional field journals. Designed for efficiency in the field, collNotes avoids redundant data entries and does not require cellular service. collBook, a companion desktop application, refines field notes into database‐ready formats and produces specimen labels.ConclusionscollNotes and collBook can be used in combination as a field‐to‐database solution for gathering born‐digital voucher specimen data for plants and fungi. Both programs are open source and use common file types simplifying either program's integration into existing workflows.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MARCH8 Regulates TNF‐α‐Induced Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons by Targeting Myosin Light Chain 2 for Degradation
Authors: Guo Shanglin , Zhang Yongqing , Wei Chaoping , Shi Lu , Feng Yugong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is an important inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in neuronal damage. Elevated expression of TNF‐α is associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. However, the specific mechanism of the signaling events that trigger TNF‐α‐mediated neurotoxicity remain unknown. In this study, we report that intracerebroventricular injection of TNF‐α in rat hippocampal neurons down‐regulates MLC2 and up‐regulates MARCH8, an essential light chain and regulatory myosin light chain of NM Myosin II, respectively. MARCH8 overexpression attenuates the degradation of MLC2 by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibition of MARCH8 by siRNA blocks caspase‐3 activation and apoptosis signaling, suggesting that TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis of neurons is partially dependent on the accumulation of MARCH8 and the ubiquitination of MLC2. Taken together, our data not only clarify the function of MARCH8 in TNF‐α‐induced neurotoxicity, but also demonstrates that TNF‐α promotes the MARCH8‐MLC2 mediated apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. Anat Rec, 302:2271–2278, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Adaptive gains to super‐twisting technique for sliding mode design
Authors: Xiong Xiaogang , Kamal Shyam , Jin Shanhai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the super‐twisting algorithm (STA) for adaptive sliding mode design. The proposed method tunes the two gains of STA on line simultaneously such that a second order sliding mode can take place with small rectifying gains. The perturbation magnitude is obtained exactly by employing a third‐order sliding mode observer in opposition to the conventional approximations by using a first order low pass filter. While driving the sliding variable to the sliding mode surface, one gain of the STA automatically converges to an adjacent area of the perturbation magnitude in finite time. The other gain is adjusted by the above gain to guarantee the robustness of the STA. This method requires only one parameter to be adjusted. The adjustment is straightforward because it just keeps increasing until it fulfills the convergence constraints. For large values of the parameter, chattering in the update law of the two gains is avoided by employing a geometry based backward Euler integration method. The usefulness is illustrated by an example of designing an equivalent control based sliding mode control (ECBC‐SMC) with the proposed adaptive STA for a perturbed LTI system.
Genetic Suppression of mTOR Rescues Synaptic and Social Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Pten Haploinsufficiency
Authors: Huang Wen‐Chin , Chen Youjun , Page Damon T. 
Published: August 2019

Heterozygous mutations in PTEN, which encodes a negative regulator of the mTOR and β‐catenin signaling pathways, cause macrocephaly/autism syndrome. However, the neurobiological substrates of the core symptoms of this syndrome are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between cerebral cortical overgrowth and social behavior deficits in conditional Pten heterozygous female mice (Pten cHet) using Emx1‐Cre, which is expressed in cortical pyramidal neurons and a subset of glia. We found that conditional heterozygous mutation of Ctnnb1 (encoding β‐catenin) suppresses Pten cHet cortical overgrowth, but not social behavioral deficits, whereas conditional heterozygous mutation of Mtor suppresses social behavioral deficits, but not cortical overgrowth. Neuronal activity in response to social cues and excitatory synapse markers are elevated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Pten cHet mice, and heterozygous mutation in Mtor, but not Ctnnb1, rescues these phenotypes. These findings indicate that macroscale cerebral cortical overgrowth and social behavioral phenotypes caused by Pten haploinsufficiency can be dissociated based on responsiveness to genetic suppression of Ctnnb1 or Mtor. Furthermore, neuronal connectivity appears to be one potential substrate for mTOR‐mediated suppression of social behavioral deficits in Pten haploinsufficient mice. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1463–1471. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryA subgroup of individuals with autism display overgrowth of the head and the brain during development. Using a mouse model of an autism risk gene, Pten, that displays both brain overgrowth and social behavioral deficits, we show here that that these two symptoms can be dissociated. Reversal of social behavioral deficits in this model is associated with rescue of abnormal synaptic markers and neuronal activity.
Early reflections on becoming a therapist: Development of reflective practice in clinical training programmes in an Australian context
Authors: Robinson Nicole L. , Schweitzer Robert D. , O'Connor Erin L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of competent counsellors, psychotherapists and psychologists depends upon not only the clinical competencies, but also the development of the person as the psychotherapist. This qualitative study investigated the experiences of twenty provisional psychologists enrolled in a university‐based clinical psychology training programme. Participants were requested to write reflective essays describing their experiences in relation to their first year of training. Utilising an interpretative phenomenological approach methodology, three superordinate themes were identified: beginning awareness and internalisation of the role of the therapist, therapy as an inter‐subjective experience, and personal transformation. Themes encompassed a range of key areas identified by trainee therapists as central to their development as reflective practitioners. Findings from this study may contribute to the small but growing literature base explicating the early lived experience of being a therapist working from an integrative framework. The findings contribute to our knowledge of the critical elements involved in fostering the theoretical, practical and reflective processes involved in becoming a competent therapist.
Controlling Metallic Nanoparticle Redox Properties for Improved Methanol Oxidation Reaction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kelly Cameron H. W. , Benedetti Tania M. , Alinezhad Ali , Gooding J. Justin , Tilley Richard D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe electrochemical formation of oxide on metallic surfaces often changes their electrocatalytic performance. In this work, we have studied this effect on the methanol oxidation reaction by systematically controlling the PdO formation/reduction potential using Au−Pd core‐shell nanocrystals with different Pd shell thicknesses. AuPd0.4 core‐shell nanocrystals have a 150 mV positive shift in the PdO reduction potential with respect to Pd nanocrystals and 2.9 and 8.8 times higher charge density in the anodic and cathodic scan of cyclic voltammetry respectively. The origin of the higher activity comes predominantly from electronic effects caused by the Au core that results in higher availability of Pd sites at more positive potentials.
Aufbau eines Bioraffineriekonzeptes für Biertreber mit vorgelagertem Pressschritt
Authors: Akermann Alexander , Weiermüller Jens , Ulber Roland 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEin Bioraffineriekonzept für (Bier‐)Treber wird vorgeschlagen, bei dem im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Konzepten wasserlösliche Komponenten durch Pressen abgetrennt und als Grundlage für eine Milchsäurefermentation mit Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis verwendet werden. Die verbleibenden strukturellen Kohlenhydrate des Treberrückstandes werden durch hydrothermale und enzymatische Vorbehandlung in fermentierbare Zucker überführt. Es entstehen deutlich weniger Nebenprodukte, die das Wachstum von Mikroorganismen inhibieren können, als bei der Nutzung von nicht abgepresstem Treber.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator in Brugada syndrome: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Roterberg Gretje , Liebe Volker , Ansari Uzair , Lang Siegfried , Zhou Xiaobo , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) is associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). Although implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation is recommended, the long‐term outcomes and follow‐up data with regard to ICD complications have led to controversy.HypothesisIn the present study, we described the data assimilated in a total of 11 studies, analyzing the outcome in 747 BrS patients receiving ICD.MethodsData were performed and analyzed after a systematic review of literature compiled from a thorough database search (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Cinahl).ResultsThe mean age of patients receiving ICD was (43.1 ± 13.4, 82.5% males, 46.6% spontaneous BrS type I). Around 15.3% of the patients were admitted due to SCD and 10.4% suffered from atrial arrhythmia. Appropriate shocks were documented in 18.1% of the patients over a mean follow‐up period of 82.3 months (47.5‐110.4). The following complications were recorded: lead failure and fracture (5.4%), lead perforation (0.7%), lead dislodgement (1.7%), infection (3.9%), pain (0.4%), subclavian vein thrombosis (0.3%), pericardial effusion (0.1%), endocarditis (0.1%), psychiatric problems (1.5%), pneumothorax (0.7%). Inappropriate shocks were documented in 18.1% of the patients. The management of inappropriate shocks was achieved by pulmonary vein isolation (0.5%), drug treatment with sotalol (1.3%) or sotalol with beta‐blocker (0.3%) and hydroquinidine (0.1%).ConclusionsICD therapy in BrS is associated with relevant ICD‐related complications including a substantial risk of inappropriate shocks more frequently in symptomatic BrS patients.
Side Chain Orientation of Tryptophan Analogues Determines Agonism and Inverse Agonism in Short Ghrelin Peptides
Authors: Nicke Lennart , Müller Ronny , Geyer Armin , Els‐Heindl Sylvia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe describe two synthetic amino acids with inverted side chain stereochemistry, which induce opposite biological activity. Phe4 is an important part of the activation motif of ghrelin, and in short peptide inverse agonists such as KwFwLL‐NH2, the aromatic core is necessary for inactivation of the receptor. To restrict indole/phenyl mobility and simultaneously strengthen the interaction between peptide and receptor, we exchanged the natural monoaryl amino acids for diaryl amino acids derived from tryptophan. By standard solid‐phase peptide synthesis, each of them was inserted into ghrelin or in the aromatic core of the inverse agonist. Both ghrelin analogues showed nanomolar activity, indicating sufficient space to accommodate the additional side chain. In contrast, diaryl amino acids in the inverse agonist had considerable influence on receptor signaling. Whereas the introduction of Wsf maintains inverse agonism of the peptide, Wrf shifts the receptor more to active states and can induce agonism depending on its introduction site.