bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-carbohydrate diets and cardiometabolic health: the importance of carbohydrate quality over quantity
Authors: Sievenpiper John L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbohydrates are increasingly being implicated in the epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and their downstream cardiometabolic diseases. The “carbohydrate-insulin model” has been proposed to explain this role of carbohydrates. It posits that a high intake of carbohydrate induces endocrine deregulation marked by hyperinsulinemia, leading to energy partitioning with increased storage of energy in adipose tissue resulting in adaptive increases in food intake and decreases in energy expenditure. Whether all carbohydrate foods under real-world feeding conditions directly contribute to weight gain and its complications or whether this model can explain these clinical phenomena requires close inspection. The aim of this review is to assess the evidence for the role of carbohydrate quantity vs quality in cardiometabolic health. Although the clinical investigations of the “carbohydrate-insulin model” have shown the requisite decreases in insulin secretion and increases in fat oxidation, there has been a failure to achieve the expected fat loss under low-carbohydrate feeding. Systematic reviews with pairwise and network meta-analyses of the best available evidence have failed to show the superiority of low-carbohydrate diets on long-term clinical weight loss outcomes or that all sources of carbohydrate behave equally. High-carbohydrate diets that emphasize foods containing important nutrients and substances, including high-quality carbohydrate such as whole grains (especially oats and barley), pulses, or fruit; low glycemic index and load; or high fiber (especially viscous fiber sources) decrease intermediate cardiometabolic risk factors in randomized trials and are associated with weight loss and decreased incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality in prospective cohort studies. The evidence for sugars as a marker of carbohydrate quality appears to be highly dependent on energy control (comparator) and food source (matrix), with sugar-sweetened beverages providing excess energy showing evidence of harm, and with high-quality carbohydrate food sources containing sugars such as fruit, 100% fruit juice, yogurt, and breakfast cereals showing evidence of benefit in energy-matched substitutions for refined starches (low-quality carbohydrate food sources). These data reflect the current shift in dietary guidance that allows for flexibility in the proportion of macronutrients (including carbohydrates) in the diet, with a focus on quality over quantity and dietary patterns over single nutrients.
Can Posterior Reduction Replace Odontoidectomy as Treatment for Patients With Congenital Posterior Atlantoaxial Dislocation and Basilar Invagination?
Authors: Tong Huai-yu , Qiao Guang-yu , Zhao Bo , Yin Yi-heng , Li Teng , Yu Xin-guang , Zong Rui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
For patients with odontoid process protrusion and basilar invagination, posterior screw–rod fixation can usually achieve satisfactory horizontal reduction, but in some cases satisfactory reduction in the vertical direction cannot be achieved at the same time.

OBJECTIVE
To propose a method for calculation of the theoretical maximum vertical reduction possible in individual patients.

METHODS
The computed tomography imaging data of patients with occipitalization and basilar invagination who were treated at our institute between January 2013 and June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The direction of odontoid reduction was decided by the inclination of the lateral joint. The atlanto-dental distance was assumed to be the maximum possible reduction in the horizontal direction. The maximum vertical reduction possible was calculated based on these values.

RESULTS
A total of 82 patients (34 males and 48 females) were included. The theoretical vertical reduction value was 4.2 ± 3.0 mm, which was significantly smaller than that of the dental protrusion (14.5 ± 3.8 mm, P = .000). Analysis of follow-up data (29 cases) showed that, the difference between the theoretical vertical reduction value H (4.7 ± 3.5 mm) and the actual vertical reduction value Ha (5.6 ± 3.5 mm) was not significant (P = .139).

CONCLUSION
The theoretical calculation method we proposed can well predict the actual degree of vertical reduction. The theoretical vertical reduction value is significantly lower than the odontoid protrusion value, indicating that satisfactory reduction in the vertical direction is difficult with a posterior approach alone.
Kickstand Rod Technique for Correcting Coronal Imbalance in Adult Scoliosis: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Buell Thomas J , Buchholz Avery L , Mazur Marcus D , Mullin Jeffrey P , Chen Ching-Jen , Sokolowski Jennifer D , Yen Chun-Po , Shaffrey Mark E , Shaffrey Christopher I , Smith Justin S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Restoration of spinal alignment and balance is a major goal of adult scoliosis surgery. In the past, sagittal alignment has been emphasized and was shown to have the greatest impact on functional outcomes. However, recent evidence suggests the impact of coronal imbalance on pain and functional outcomes has likely been underestimated.
1,2
In addition, iatrogenic coronal imbalance may be common and frequently results from inadequate correction of the lumbosacral fractional curve.
2,3
The “kickstand rod” is a recently described technique to achieve and maintain significant coronal-plane correction.
4
Also, of secondary benefit, the kickstand rod may function as an accessory supplemental rod to offload stress and bolster primary instrumentation. This may reduce occurrence of rod fracture (RF) or pseudarthrosis (PA).
5

Briefly, this technique involves positioning the kickstand rod on the side of coronal imbalance (along the major curve concavity or fractional curve convexity in our video demonstration). The kickstand rod spans the thoracolumbar junction proximally to the pelvis distally and is secured with an additional iliac screw placed just superior to the primary iliac screw. By using the iliac wing as a base, powerful distraction forces can reduce the major curve to achieve more normal coronal balance. This operative video illustrates the technical nuances of utilizing the kickstand rod technique for correction of severe lumbar scoliosis and coronal malalignment in a 60-yr-old male patient. Alignment correction was achieved and maintained without evidence of RF/PA after nearly 6 mo postoperatively. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and to use imaging for medical publication.
Queering School Literacy Practices: Interventionist Approaches
Authors: Moita-Lopes Luiz Paulo , Falabella Fabrício Branca 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews research into school literacy practices that suggest a way of discursively destabilizing frozen notions of sexuality. The review explores questions such as: How can school literacies collaborate with the reconfiguration of crystalized meanings about gender and sexuality performances? What kind of queer experiences can classroom talk promote? What are some of the meaning-effects produced by the circulation of gender and sexuality discourses in the classroom? The answers to these questions are organized in three groups: interventionist projects observed by a researcher; interventionist projects carried out and evaluated by a teacher-researcher; and projects involving teacher-researcher collaboration. The last group is explored by analyzing empirical data generated in a high school in Brazil. The underlying argument is that education may contribute to interrupting an essentialized order that defines and legitimates gender and sexuality. By putting sexuality issues at the front of the educational agenda, the interventionist research in literacy contexts reviewed in this chapter destabilizes both the gender divide and the so-called heteronormative matrix that play crucial roles in the ways we have historically learned to (1) understand ourselves and others; and (2) construct patterns of normalcy and deviance.
LGBTIQ Strategies of Interpretation
Authors: Marchal Joseph A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Broadly speaking, one can initially describe LGBTIQ strategies of interpretation as traveling along three trajectories, taking historical-contextual, affirmative-identifying, or queerly critical routes. This essay explores all three strategies. It then argues that when and where LGBTIQ strategies of interpretation do find institutional homes, whether in the church or the academy, one should also find modes for critical reflexivity, particularly to guard against co-optation, accommodation, or complicity. These dynamics require mixing and messing with simple divisions, including those that this essay relies on: attending to historical contexts differently, reflecting on identifications carefully but creatively, and theorizing more eclectically, persistently, and (ultimately) promiscuously.
Pitch vs. Timbre
Authors: Walden Daniel K. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Early comparative musicology habitually ignored, even extinguished, timbre in its single-minded focus on pitch. This chapter traces the broader social, cultural, and political consequences of this framework. It surveys how, at the turn of the twentieth century, John Comfort Fillmore and Benjamin Ives Gilman followed the lead of Alice Fletcher and Alexander Ellis in deploying a broad range of technologies—phonograph, Helmholtz resonator, keyboard, and musical notation—to develop frameworks for analyzing essential similarities and differences between Native American and Western musics. It argues that such scholarship, while ostensibly aimed at salvaging Native American music, also served American efforts to reform and silence indigenous voices. The postscript examines the resonances between their theories and modern frameworks of parametric analysis that construe pitch and timbre as autonomous, and proposes that there may be unrecognized perils in overly articulating the boundaries between pitch and timbre to focus analytical attention exclusively on the measurable quantities of musical sound.
Global Sexual Diversity Politics and the Trouble with LGBT Rights
Authors: Bosia Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter responds to the challenge state homophobia poses to LGBT rights in its invocation of a “gay menace.” It engages the limits of a rights-based discourse in achieving security for sexual and gender minorities under threat: first, as homophobia is marshalled as a tool of statecraft and then as LGBT rights and identities are bound geotemporally by the historically specific context to which they responded. These two efforts demonstrate the need for an approach sensitive to the practical conditions faced within specific political contexts. The chapter’s argument addresses the political incommensurability of LGBT rights in the context of authoritarian and illiberal states and the danger of associating sexual and gender liberation with autocracy. It considers the consequences of a “gay menace” and of “rights”-claiming in response as both are bounded in geotemporal terms, then dislocated from history, culture, and politics as they become modular. Finally, the chapter asks what a global sexual and gender minority politics might look like through claims around capabilities tied to global civil society that foster collective self-actualization instead of “human rights” or “security” tied to authoritarian or fickle states.
Time in International Organizations and International Organizations in Time
Authors: Heldt Eugénia C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Time plays a central role in international organizations (IOs). Interactions among actors are embedded in a temporal dimension, and actors use formal and informal time rules, time discourses, and time pressure to obtain concessions from their counterparts. By the same token, legacies and innovations within and outside IOs can be examined as a dynamic process evolving over time. Against this background, this chapter has a twofold aim. First, it examines how actors use time in IOs with a particular focus on multilateral negotiations to justify their actions. Drawing on international relations studies and negotiation analysis, this piece explores six different dimensions of time in the multilateral system: time pressure, time discourse, time rules, time costs, time horizons, and time as a resource. Second, this chapter delineates the evolution of IOs over time with the focus on innovations that emerge to adapt their institutional system to new political and economic circumstances. This piece looks particularly at endogenous and exogenous changes in IOs, recurring to central concepts used by historical institutionalism, including path dependence, critical junctures, and sequencing. This allows us to map patterns of incremental change, such as displacement, conversion, drift, and layering.
Trait Accuracy in the Workplace
Authors: Blackman Melinda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The importance of accurate trait judgments about employees within organizational contexts is highlighted. More specifically, how the employees’ traits affect both positive and negative work outcomes is illustrated. Next, a description of how personality judgments are used to predict these outcomes both during the hiring process and throughout an employee’s tenure (e.g., performance evaluation, decisions about advancement, and formation of workgroups) is given. The remainder of the chapter focuses on the accurate assessment of the job candidate’s personality during the employment interview, with several points of discussion revolving around methods to improve trait judgments about prospective hires.
A Logical Model of Homology for Comparative Biology
Authors: Mabee Paula M , Balhoff James P , Dahdul Wasila M , Lapp Hilmar , Mungall Christopher J , Vision Todd J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a growing body of research on the evolution of anatomy in a wide variety of organisms. Discoveries in this field could be greatly accelerated by computational methods and resources that enable these findings to be compared across different studies and different organisms and linked with the genes responsible for anatomical modifications. Homology is a key concept in comparative anatomy; two important types are historical homology (the similarity of organisms due to common ancestry) and serial homology (the similarity of repeated structures within an organism). We explored how to most effectively represent historical and serial homology across anatomical structures to facilitate computational reasoning. We assembled a collection of homology assertions from the literature with a set of taxon phenotypes for the skeletal elements of vertebrate fins and limbs from the Phenoscape Knowledgebase. Using seven competency questions, we evaluated the reasoning ramifications of two logical models: the Reciprocal Existential Axioms (REA) homology model and the Ancestral Value Axioms (AVA) homology model. The AVA model returned all user-expected results in addition to the search term and any of its subclasses. The AVA model also returns any superclass of the query term in which a homology relationship has been asserted. The REA model returned the user-expected results for five out of seven queries. We identify some challenges of implementing complete homology queries due to limitations of OWL reasoning. This work lays the foundation for homology reasoning to be incorporated into other ontology-based tools, such as those that enable synthetic supermatrix construction and candidate gene discovery. [Homology; ontology; anatomy; morphology; evolution; knowledgebase; phenoscape.]
Early Exploratory Analysis for Patient-reported Quality of Life and Dosimetric Correlates in Hypofractionated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Low-risk and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iarrobino Nick A. , Gill Beant , Sutera Philip A. , Kalash Ronny , D’ Ambrosio David , Heron Dwight E. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Given the relative novelty of stereotactic body radiation therapy as a treatment modality low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, little data exist evaluating dosimetry and its impact on patient-reported quality of life (PR-QOL) metrics. Herein, we present an interim analysis of a phase II clinical trial of PR-QOL and dosimetric correlates.

Methods:
Patients with biopsy-proven low-risk or intermediate-risk prostate cancer, prostate volume ≤100 cm3, and life expectancy ≥10 years were enrolled. Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) scores were tabulated by domain and evaluated in relation to dosimetry. Paired t test was performed to compare differences in scores from baseline. Minimally important differences were established using the anchor-based approach and correlations made using the χ2 test.

Results:
A total of 95 patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 18.1 months (range, 3.0 to 76.9 mo). There were no cases of acute or late grade 3+ GI or GU toxicities. Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite scores in urinary obstructive/irritative domain at 1 month (−4.8, P=0.03) and bowel domain at 1, 6, and 12 months (−10.8, −6.1, and −5.2) were significantly different from pretreatment, with both returning to nonsignificant differences around 24 months. Higher bladder V37Gy (≥3.35%) was associated with both late urinary incontinence and obstructive/irritative declines. Both higher rectal D5% and rectal V36Gy >0.6 cm3 were correlated with an enhanced proportion of patients with late minimally important difference declines.

Conclusions:
Higher dose volumes for the bladder and rectum predicted for poorer PR-QOL. In contrast to prostate brachytherapy data, neither prostate volume nor urethral dosimetry at this dose schedule correlated with urinary symptoms.
Left-versus-right-adrenal-volume ratio as a screening index before adrenal venous sampling to identify unilateral primary aldosteronism patients
Authors: Li Sicheng , Sun Huaiqiang , Ma Lifen , Zhu Yuchun , Xie Wei , Sun Jiayu , Zhao Lianling , Qing Bin , Ren Yan , Tian Haoming , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
The current study aimed to investigate the value of the computed tomography-based left-versus-right adrenal gland volume ratio (L/Rv) in screening patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Methods:
The current study recruited 114 patients who underwent successful adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and adrenal computed tomography at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The patients were divided into three groups according to the AVS results: AVS-left, AVS-bilateral, and AVS-right primary aldosteronism. The volumes of the left and right adrenal glands were semiautomatically calculated. The L/Rv of each patient was computed, and its value in identifying unilateral primary aldosteronism was analyzed.

Results:
The mean value of the L/Rv was larger in AVS-left patients and smaller in AVS-right patients than that in AVS-bilateral patients. In AVS-left primary aldosteronism patients, the cutoff value of the L/Rv with the highest Youden index was 1.344 [area under the curve (AUC) 0.851, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 78.1%]. The optimal cutoff value was 1.908, of which 46.0% (23/50) of AVS-left primary aldosteronism patients could be identified (specificity 100.0%). In AVS-right primary aldosteronism patients, the cutoff value of the L/Rv with the highest Youden index was 1.267 (AUC 0.868, specificity 72.8%, sensitivity 87.9%). The optimal cutoff value was 0.765, of which 27.3% (9/33) of AVS-right primary aldosteronism patients could be identified (specificity 100.0%). Patients with L/Rv more than 1.908 or less than 0.765 had higher complete success rate postsurgery.

Conclusion:
Although not perfect, the L/Rv is an applicable index to screen unilateral primary aldosteronism patients for surgery. Primary aldosteronism patients, even those aged more than 35 years, with an L/Rv more than 1.908 or less than 0.765 can be spared AVS before surgery.
Preparing students to be ready for practice: An innovative approach to teaching advanced physical assessment skills online
Authors: Higgins Karen , Kirkland Tracie , Le-Jenkins Uyen , Rutledge Carolyn 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Distance graduate nursing education has been expanding. Although many didactic courses are taught through an online platform, there are often challenges to providing skill-based courses, such as advanced physical assessment, through an online format. To prepare and assess advanced practice nursing students on their clinical knowledge and physical assessment skills, an online course was developed using multisource feedback and videography. Students used videography to record themselves as they conducted physical assessments on a volunteer patient. Students then critiqued their own video, critiqued two of their colleagues' videos, and the final critiques of the videos were conducted by faculty. All students were expected to perform and pass a complete physical examination on a standardize patient as their final examination. The final scores of the students learning through the online course were equivalent to the scores achieved by the students in the traditional face-to-face physical assessment course.
Open Mastoid Cavity Obliteration With a High-Porosity Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Leads to High Rate of Revision Surgery and Insufficient Cavity Obliteration
Authors: Weiss Nora M. , Stecher Sophie , Bächinger David , Schuldt Tobias , Langner Sönke , Zonnur Sarah , Mlynski Robert , Schraven Sebastian P. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:To assess long-term results and present experience with a high-porosity hydroxyapatite ceramic for obliterating large open mastoid cavities.Study-Design:Cross-sectional cohort study.Setting:Tertiary academic referral center.Patients:All patients who underwent tympanomastoid surgery for chronic middle ear disease or revision surgery with reduction of an open mastoid cavity using a highly porous hydroxyapatite matrix material (HMM) between May 2005 and June 2013 were assessed for eligibility. Twenty three patients (56.9 ± 18.3 yr) were included.Intervention:Primary middle ear surgery or revision surgery using a HMM.Main Outcome Measures:Pure-tone average, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate osseoinduction, osseointegration and presence of cholesteatoma, current quality of life assessed by Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory and change in quality of life post-intervention assessed by the Glasgow Benefit Inventory.Results:Patients were reexamined after a mean follow-up period of 88.3 months (SD 21.4 mo) after obliteration of the open mastoid cavity with HMM. Compared with visit 1, patients showed a significantly reduced ABG at visit 2 (29.22 dB ± 2.71 dB versus 12.77 dB ± 3.46 dB).CT scan was carried out in 21 patients (91%) patients and 17 patients (74%) underwent MRI.Revision surgery was required in a total of 17 cases (74%). In four patients recurrent cholesteatoma was found at follow up.Conclusions:Poor cavity obliteration, a high rate of revision surgery and difficult differentiation between recurrent cholesteatoma and granulation tissue in CT scan was observed.