bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Laryngoscopy Using a Videogastroscope : A New Technique
Authors: Chandail Vijant Singh , Jamwal Vinu , Kanotra J Paul 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Although indirect laryngoscopy is commonly used method for evaluation of laryngeal disorders in outpatient Ear, Nose and Throat Department (ENT) but proper and accurate diagnosis is not possible in every patient. The direct laryngoscopy using fiberoptic- or video- laryngoscopy has been shown to be a valuable tool in the examination of laryngeal and supraglottic anatomy and pathology. Our goal was to develop a new diagnostic method wherein direct laryngoscopy can be performed by videogastroscope which unlike fiberoptic- or video- laryngoscopy, is readily available at most of the centres.
Methods: Between May 2009 and December 2009, 1462 consecutive patients underwent indirect laryngoscopy for evaluation of laryngeal disorders at ENT outpatient department. Fifty-two (93.6%) consecutive patients who had unsuccessful, inconclusive or incomplete examination underwent direct laryngoscopy with videogastroscope.
Results: The study group consisted of 39 males and 13 females with mean age of 34.8 ± 11 years (range 14 to 58 years). The following abnormalities were found in vocal cords in 31 (59.6%) patients: cancer in 8 patients; leukoplakia, 6; cases, nodules, 6; palsy, 5; epitheloid granuloma, 2; submucosal hemorrhages, 2; and polyp in 2.
Conclusions: Direct laryngoscopy using videogastroscope is safe, feasible and highly accurate for the diagnosis of laryngeal disorders.( J Dig Endos2011;2(1):6-8)
Spontaneous Intraluminal Migration of Gossypiboma
Authors: Saji Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTRetained surgical mops following surgery is an avoidable but serious complication. They are seldom reported because of medicolegal implications but clinicians need to be aware about varied presentations of this entity to avoid unnecessary morbidity. We report a case of a 28-year-old woman who presented with chronic diarrhea and lower abdominal pain due to intraluminal migration of the surgical mop into the sigmoid colon 6 months after myomectomy of the uterus. The possibility of gossypiboma was suggested by the contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen. Flexible sigmoidosocpy showed the remnants of the mop inside the lumen of the sigmoid colon. She underwent laparotomy and removal of the surgical mop and became completely asymptomatic. Though gossypiboma is rare clinicians should keep it in mind in patients who had undergone laparotomy previously. (J Dig Endosc2011;2(1):22-24)
Colonoscopic band ligation for internal hemorrhoids - A tertiary care experience
Authors: Jalihal Umesh , S. Satya Prakash B , B. Avinash , Karanth Dheeraj 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Rubber band ligation (BL) is the most widely used technique for treatment of symptomatic internal haemorrhoids (IH) that are refractory to conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of colonoscopic BL as therapy for symptomatic IH.
Methods: Patients seen at our center with symptomatic IH who underwent BL between January 2006 and December 2011 were included in this prospective study. The clinical and colonoscopic details were entered in uniform structured data forms.
Results: Two hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with symptomatic IH were enrolled in the study. The presentations were rectal bleeding in 150 (69%) and prolapse in remaining 68 (31%) patients. Twenty-four patients (11%) had chronic liver disease (child B-C). Same operator treated all the patients. The severity of the IH was classified by using Goligher grading system. The mean age of patients was 48.3 + 15 years with range of 22 - 85 years. The mean follow up was 3months (range 1 month - 36 months). In 209 patients (96%) there was at least 1 grade reduction in hemorrhoids as well the symptoms were controlled. Two patients required surgery and another 7 patients required repeat session of banding. After banding session 32 (15%) patients had perianal pain and 13 (6%) had mild bleeding.
Conclusions: Colonoscopic BL is a safe, and effective outpatient therapeutic procedure for symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. Furthermore, the BL is safe and effective in patients of coagulopathy associated with chronic liver disease. (J Dig Endosc 2013;4(1):6–9)
Successful completion of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A retrospective comparative study on patients who had endoscopy with sedation and without sedation
Authors: Davies Joseph Benjamin , Roy Sunil Kanti 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Sedation of patients before esophagoduodenoscopy (EGD) is common practice. It is expensive, increases the time required to perform the procedure and increases risks of complications. We have set out to determine if sedation improves EGD completion rates.
Methods: 1539 EGDs were performed in the UK by an experienced endoscopist. The age, sex, premedication and completion data made at each procedure were recorded. A completed procedure was defined by the ability of the endoscopist to reach the second part of the duodenum. We measured the difference in the completion rates of EGD between sedated and non sedated patients.
Results: The completion rate for all procedures was 96.6%. 97.8% of procedures were complete in non sedated patients vs. 94.7% in sedated patients (p = 0.001). Male patients were more likely to have the EGD without sedation, as were those over the age of 65. There were no significant differences in the completion rates of EGD between patients who received IV sedation plus topical local anesthesia and those who received IV sedation alone.
Conclusion: The effect of sedation on EGD completion rates is previously undocumented. In order to reduce numbers of failed procedures and prevent exposing patients to the risks of sedation, we suggest these patients should be targeted for more intense pre-procedure counseling. Adequate explanation and reassurance may reduce numbers of patients who request IV sedation by reducing anxiety and increasing expectations of comfort. Reducing numbers of sedated patients may also result in a faster, more cost effective service. (J Dig Endosc 2013;4(2):33-38)
Binary mixtures of semicrystalline polymers with low-molecular-mass compounds: thermal behaviour and phase structure
Authors: Pochivalov Konstantin V. , Basko Andrey V. , Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V. 
Published: September 2019

The results of phase equilibrium studies in mixtures of semicrystalline polymers with low-molecular-mass compounds are summarized and analyzed. A new classification of phase diagrams for such mixtures is proposed. Alternative points of view on the phase composition of semicrystalline polymers are presented. The phase structure evolution during the thermally induced phase separation of mixtures is monitored and the morphology of the forming capillary porous bodies as precursors of polymeric membranes is described. The general regularities concerning the influence of the nature of mixture components, polymer molecular mass, temperature scanning rate and other factors on the topology of phase diagrams are considered. Experimental methods used to construct the phase diagrams of mixtures and to study features of their phase structure are compared.
The bibliography includes 203 references.
Lead chalcogenide quantum dots for photoelectric devices
Authors: Shuklov Ivan A. , Razumov Vladimir F. 
Published: September 2019

The review concerns the state of the art in methods of synthesis of colloidal lead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs). The most recent data on the mechanisms of chemical transformations involving various precursors are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of (i) trace impurities in the reactants used and (ii) post-synthesis treatment on the physicochemical properties of QDs used in photoelectric devices.The bibliography includes 129 references.
Encoding of speech in noise in adults using hearing aids
Authors: El-Assal Hiba Ahmed , El-Gharib Amani Mohamed , Kolkaila Enaas Ahmad , Elmahallawy Trandil Hassan 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
Subjects using hearing aids complains of difficulty in speech understanding in noise. Speech auditory brainstem response (S-ABR) provides cues for temporal and spectral encoding of speech in the brainstem.

Objective:
This work was designed to evaluate speech processing in patients fitted with hearing aid using S-ABR and to study the effect of noise reduction algorithm on speech processing in patients fitted with hearing aids.

Materials and method:
This study included 20 adults with mild to severe SNHL fitted with HA at least 3 months with aided threshold in all frequencies better than or equal to 30 dB. Hearing aid was used with all the subjects and was programed for each subject according to his audiogram followed by aided evaluation using S-ABR. Through sound field in four different test conditions with NR algorithm on in quiet and in the presence of noise then with the NR off in quiet and in the presence of noise were performed.

Results:
There was a statistically significant delay in the S-ABR onset and offset in noise compared to quiet. The effect of noise on S-ABR while the NR was on showed statistically significant difference in the onset response in both quiet and noise. When the NR was off, there was marked effect of noise on both the onset response and offset response.

Conclusions:
It was found that hearing aid users are vulnerable to noise regarding the speech encoding at the level of the brainstem. Noise reduction algorithm maintains the neural activity in response to speech and improves speech perception in noise.
Reconstruction of attosecond pulses in the presence of interfering dressing fields using a 100 kHz laser system at ELI-ALPS
Authors: Hammerland D , Zhang P , Kühn S , Jojart P , Seres I , Zuba V , Varallyay Z , Charalambidis D , Osvay K , Luu T T , Wörner H J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Attosecond Pulse Trains (APT) generated by high-harmonic generation (HHG) of high-intensity near-infrared (IR) laser pulses have proven valuable for studying the electronic dynamics of atomic and molecular species. However, the high intensities required for high-photon-energy, high-flux HHG usually limit the class of adequate laser systems to repetition rates below 10 kHz. Here, APT’s generated from the 100 kHz, 160 W, 40 fs laser system (HR-1) currently under commissioning at the extreme light infrastructure attosecond light pulse source (ELI-ALPS) are reconstructed using the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon Transitions (RABBIT) technique. These experiments constitute the first attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with attosecond pulses performed at 100 kHz repetition rate and one of the first experiments performed at ELI-ALPS in the framework of projects commissioning its newly installed technologies. These RABBIT measurements were taken with an additional IR field temporally locked to the extreme-ultraviolet APT, resulting in an atypical ω beating. We show that the phase of the 2ω beating recorded under these conditions is strictly identical to that observed in standard RABBIT measurements within second-order perturbation theory. This work highlights an experimental simplification for future experiments based on attosecond interferometry (or RABBIT), which is particularly useful when lasers with high average powers are used.
Channeling effects in gold nanoclusters under He ion irradiation: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Ghaderzadeh Sadegh , Ghorbani-Asl Mahdi , Kretschmer Silvan , Hlawacek Gregor , Krasheninnikov Arkady V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The interpretation of helium ion microscopy (HIM) images of crystalline metal clusters requires microscopic understanding of the effects of He ion irradiation on the system, including energy deposition and associated heating, as well as channeling patterns. While channeling in bulk metals has been studied at length, there is no quantitative data for small clusters. We carry out molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the behavior of gold nanoparticles with diameters of 5–15 nm under 30 keV He ion irradiation. We show that impacts of the ions can give rise to substantial heating of the clusters through deposition of energy into electronic degrees of freedom, but it does not affect channeling, as clusters cool down between consecutive impact of the ions under typical imaging conditions. At the same time, high temperatures and small cluster sizes should give rise to fast annealing of defects so that the system remains crystalline. Our results show that ion-channeling occurs not only in the principal low-index, but also in the intermediate directions. The strengths of different channels are specified, and their correlations with sputtering-yield and damage production is discussed, along with size-dependence of these properties. The effects of planar defects, such as stacking faults on channeling were also investigated. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the analysis of HIM images of metal clusters.
Some Features of Geometric Nonlinear Damping on Isolation Performance
Authors: Gatti G , Tehrani M G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The addition of nonlinear characteristics to improve the dynamic performance of isolation systems and vibration absorbers has been extensively investigated in the past decades. Both nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping have been largely analysed. A common way in which this can be achieved in practice, is by arranging linear elements (springs and viscous dampers) in a specific geometrical configuration. This paper focuses on the fundamental effect of geometrical nonlinear damping in a vibration isolation system, and briefly revises two of the classical implementation mechanisms. They can achieve a better performance than linear systems, by assuring lower damping force at lower displacements, and higher damping force at higher displacements. However, strong nonlinear effects can manifest around resonances, causing non-negligible higher-order harmonics to appear, and making the approximate frequency response obtained by the harmonic balance, unuseful. This paper proposes a new strategy to limit such undesired dynamic effects. For this aim, a coupling is introduced on purpose in the damping mechanism, which allows tailoring the damping force for the specific need.
Dynamic analysis of vibrating flip-flow screens equipped with support and shear rubber springs
Authors: Gong Sanpeng , Oberst Sebastian , Wang Xinwen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vibrating flip-flow screens provide an effective means of screening highly viscous or fine materials, and the dynamic characteristics of the main and the floating screen frames are largely responsible for a flip-flow screen’s screen performance and its processing capacity. An accurate dynamic model of the rubber shear springs used within the frame of the screen is critical for its dynamic analysis – to understand deficiencies and improve its performance. In this paper, the Sjöberg model is used to predict the frequency-and amplitude-dependent behaviour of the rubber shear springs. A friction model represents the amplitude dependency of the rubber shear springs. The fractional derivative model is used to describe its frequency dependency with its elasticity being represented by a linear spring. This model is further validated by cyclic tests of the rubber shear springs. Furthermore, dynamic response of the VFFS have been analysed using the Sjöberg model and the Kelvin-Voigt model, respectively. Experimental results indicate that dynamic response of VFFS can be better predict using the Sjöberg model than Kelvin-Voigt model in time region as well as in the frequency domain.
A substantial rise in the area and population affected by dryness in South Asia under 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C and 2.5 °C warmer worlds
Authors: Aadhar Saran , Mishra Vimal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Millions of people in South Asia face water scarcity every year. Previous studies based on the multi-model ensemble mean reported a decline in dryness (the ratio of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation) in South Asia under the warming climate. However, using observations and simulations from skilful climate models (BEST-GCMs) that simulate the critical monsoon features and show less bias to simulate observed climate, we show that dryness has significantly increased over the Gangetic Plain and parts of Pakistan during 1951–2016. Moreover, a rise in global mean temperature of 1.5 °C from the pre-industrial level will result in an increased dryness over half of South Asia affecting more than 790(±336) million people. Population affected by dryness is projected to 890 (±485) and 1960 (±1033) million under 2.0° and 2.5° warming worlds, respectively. Previously reported reduced aridity under the warming climate based on multi-model ensemble is mainly due to the GCMs that have less skill to simulate monsoon features. The GCMs with less skill project a higher increase (∼25%) in the monsoon season precipitation, which is largely due to their higher sensitivity of convective precipitation to warming. We show that the risk of water scarcity and dryness in South Asia under warming climate is higher than previously reported.
Low-frequency resonant vibration energy harvester using piezoelectric stacks with force magnification frames
Authors: Duan Xiangjian , Cao Dongxing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The piezoelectric stack energy harvester (PSEH) is often used to transform ambient large amplitude vibrational energy, such as road vibrations and pressure fluctuations, because of its ability to withstand large external excitation force. However, due to the high natural frequency of the piezoelectric stack, it is difficult to generate resonance phenomenon, which leads to low energy efficiency for the energy harvester. In this paper, a piezoelectric stack energy harvester with force magnification frame (FMF) is proposed and studied for energy harvesting from low-frequency pressure ripples. First, a force magnification frame is designed to enhance the pressure transferring ability. The FMF is able to, not only amplify the exciting force acting on the piezoelectric stack but also decrease the natural frequency of the PSEH. Based on finite element method (FEM) analysis, the natural frequency of the PSEH with FMF is obtained. The natural frequency of the PSEH is successfully reduced, and the open-circuit voltage output of the PSEH under low-frequency resonance conditions is much higher than for off-resonance conditions. The results validate that the PSEH with FMF is efficient for lower frequency vibration environments.
Vortex-induced vibrational tristable energy harvester: Design and experiments
Authors: Zhou S , Li J , Wang J , Li G , Wang Q 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wind energy harvesters have been widely studied for their great application potential to power small wireless sensors. Meanwhile, the unique dynamic characteristics of vibrational tristable energy harvesters have been theoretically and experimentally verified. More importantly, such vibrational tristable energy harvesters have excellent broadband energy harvesting performance under low-frequency and low-level excitations. This paper aims to develop a new kind of aeroelastic energy harvesters for enhancing wind energy harvesting performance. In detail, a vortex-induced vibrational tristable energy harvester is designed by using the magnetic force to realize the tristable configuration. A mathematical model of the presented harvester is provided. Experimental results verify that the presented vortex-induced vibrational tristable energy harvester performs better than the traditional linear vortex-induced vibration energy harvester.
Theoretical and experimental study of bistable symmetric shells built by locally nanostructuring an isotropic plate
Authors: Yi Shenghui , He Xiaoqiao , Lu Jian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A new bistable symmetric isotropic shell is proposed and studied by using nano-technique, surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT), to locally treat a rectangular region within a plate. Plastic deformations accumulate in the treated region with the impacts from randomly fast moving balls during the process. The impacts also induce nanotwins and mesh the grains of the material into nanoscales, which largely increase the elastic deformation ability of the processed plate. With sufficient plastic deformations accumulated and stretching the plate under the constraint from the untreated region, the induced residual stress field buckles the plate to hold two different stable configurations and, thus, the bistable characteristic is generated for the nanostructured plate. A numerical model is developed to predict the stable configurations with verification by experiments. The parameters to design the stable configurations of the bistable shells are systematically discussed experimentally and numerically.
Detection and analysis of high temperature fatigue fracture surface oxygen diffusion of GH4133B superalloy used in turbine disk of aero-engine
Authors: Zhao R G , Deng L Y , Liu Y F , Ji N , Ren C L , Li X M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The chemical contents on the fatigue fracture surface of GH4133B superalloy piece suffering tension-tension fatigue and operated at high temperature 600 ºC is analyzed using an energy dispersive spectrometer, and the element content percentages at the position of carbide inclusion and that of second-phase particle in the fatigue source region are measured. It is shown that under the conditions of high temperature and air environment, the carbon element in the carbide inclusion can be easily oxidized, which results in accelerating fatigue crack nucleation and microcrack generation, reducing the fatigue crack initiation lifetime. The oxygen concentration is detected on the fatigue fracture surface along the crack propagation direction, the oxygen diffusion model is constructed, and the oxygen concentration gradient equation is derived. It is found that the oxygen content decreases gradually along the crack propagation direction, suggesting that at the crack initiation and short crack propagation stage, the alloy element reacts sufficiently with oxygen for a long time, and the oxidation accelerates the crack initiation, while at the long crack growth stage, the crack propagation rate is faster, so the alloying elements do not have adequate time for reacting with oxygen, resulting in the low oxygen content, and the oxidation has a small influence on the long crack propagation rate.
Simulation and experimental research on ultrasonic drawing of copper shaped wires
Authors: Liu S , Xie T , Cao H Q , Shan X B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ultrasonic vibrations contribute to drawing force reduction and surface finish improvement in the production of round wires. However, their effects on the drawing of irregular-shaped wires are rarely reported, as the process involves not only the shrinkage but also the reshaping of the cross-sections, which increases the difficulty in both numerical and experimental research. This work aims to investigate the influences of ultrasonic amplitude, drawing velocity, and area reduction ratio on the drawing force during the manufacturing of copper wires with rectangular, pentagon, and hexagon cross sections. The surface microtopography of the wire products was inspected using the Leica digital microscope and Hitachi scanning electron microscope (SEM). A remarkable drawing force reduction by up to 47% was observed when ultrasonic vibrations were added, especially for larger ultrasonic amplitude and lower drawing velocity occasions. The surface finish, however, was actually worse compared with under conventional drawing conditions, especially when ultrasonic amplitude exceeded 7 μm. This paper provides a potentially valuable method to enhance the efficiency of industrial production of irregular-shaped wires.