bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKS-YOLOv8: a lightweight and accurate network model for infrared ship detection
Authors: Chen Qi , Lv Zixiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Combining infrared technology and artificial intelligence technology to achieve efficient ship detection is practically important for monitoring and scheduling of ships in harbours. Due to the infrared image texture features are fewer and the background is complex, these lead to the algorithm model having the problems of complex structure, high amount of memory consumption and not being easy to deploy. To address these problems, we propose a lightweight and accurate infrared ship detection model named AKS-YOLOv8, which is based on YOLOv8 design. Firstly, the Split Asymptotic Feature Pyramid Network (SA-FPN) is used in the neck network. It improves model to detect multi-scale infrared ship in large scenes while keeping the model lightweight. Secondly, we introduced the dynamic convolution module KernelWarehouse Dynamic Convolution (KConv) in the backbone network for enhancing the recognition of small targets in infrared images. And we also used FasterBlock instead of Bottleneck to reduce feature map redundancy and improve inference speed. Finally, we adopt Simple, Parameter-free Attention Module (SimAM) to improve the feature extraction ability for key information of infrared ships. To verify the effectiveness of AKS-YOLOv8, a comprehensive test is performed on the infrared ship target recognition database issued by Yantai iraytek Co., Ltd in comparison with some widely-used detection algorithms. The model precision of AKS-YOLOv8 is improved by 1%, and the parameters and model size are reduced by 37.2% and 32.1%, respectively. The results of the experiment indicate that AKS-YOLOv8 has successfully struck a favorable equilibrium between being lightweight and maintaining accuracy. It can provide a valuable technical reference for infrared ship detection technology.
SICGNN: structurally informed convolutional graph neural networks for protein classification
Authors: Lee YongHyun , Kim Eunchan , Choi Jiwoong , Lee Changhyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in various domains, including social networks, recommender systems, protein classification, molecular property prediction, and genetic networks. In bioinformatics and chemical engineering, considerable research is being actively conducted to represent molecules or proteins on graphs by conceptualizing atoms or amino acids as nodes and the relationships between nodes as edges. The overall structures of proteins and their interconnections are crucial for predicting and classifying their properties. However, as GNNs stack more layers to create deeper networks, the embeddings between nodes may become excessively similar, causing an oversmoothing problem that reduces the performance for downstream tasks. To avoid this, GNNs typically use a limited number of layers, which leads to the problem of reflecting only the local structure and neighborhood information rather than the global structure of the graph. Therefore, we propose a structurally informed convolutional GNN (SICGNN) that utilizes information that can express the overall topological structure of a protein graph during GNN training and prediction. By explicitly including information of the entire graph topology, the proposed model can utilize both local neighborhood and global structural information. We applied the SICGNN to representative GNNs such as GraphSAGE, graph isomorphism network, and graph attention network, and confirmed performance improvements across various datasets. We also demonstrate the robustness of SICGNN using multiple stratified 10-fold cross-validations and various hyperparameter settings, and demonstrate that its accuracy is comparable or better than those of existing GNN models.
Role of the heterogenous structure of ZnO/MnFeO3 in enhancing Bi-functional electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis
Authors: Sadanandan Malavika , Chauhan Tushar , Haldar Krishna Kanta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An electrocatalyst, Zn-doped 3D porous MnFeO3, is developed and investigated for its efficacy in alkaline water electrolysis. The electrocatalyst is synthesized through a sol–gel method and characterized comprehensively. Incorporating zinc (Zn) doping enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the MnFeO3 structure, rendering it suitable for bifunctional performance in alkaline water electrolysis. The Zn-doped 3D porous MnFeO3 was studied electrochemically, and the results showed that it has a very low overpotential of 460 mV for OER and 441 mV for HER in order to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2, conducted in a 1 M KOH medium. The catalyst’s porous 3D structure offers a large surface area, enhancing its ability to interact with the electrolyte and promote H2 and O2 gas evolution. The Zn-doped 3D porous MnFeO3 exhibits improved stability for 24 h, with only a 17% loss in current density at 10 mA cm−2. The electrochemical performance of the Zn-doped 3D porous MnFeO3 electrocatalyst is evaluated through various electrochemical techniques, highlighting its promising potential for practical applications in alkaline water electrolysis systems.
Introduction
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The book describes the observed linkages between finance and fiscal issues in the context of macroeconomic uncertainties and crises. It attempts to explore emerging issues in the policies relating to the management of public debt, central banking, taxation, and regulation of the financial sector. In view of their contemporary relevance, issues relating to sovereign debt restructuring and sub-national finance arising from the crisis are also discussed. In brief, the book argues that an important lesson for public policy is that sound fiscal management is at the heart of maintaining financial stability consistent with growth. Further, sound fiscal management demands adequate space for the conduct of public policy at the national level, while navigating the forces of globalization, in particular of finance. An equally complex challenge is to reconcile the considerable advantages of independence of monetary authorities and regulators with the compulsions of coordination of public policies, without ignoring the criticality of fiscal policies.
Background
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
What started as a sub-prime crisis in the US residential mortgage market in 2007, impacted the global economy after the fall of the investment bank Lehman Brothers in September 2008 and emerged as a global financial crisis. The immediate solution to handling the crisis was in terms of an expansionary monetary and fiscal stimulus. Thus, in order to discuss the implications for financial and fiscal policies, this chapter looks into the global financial crisis, its genesis, and its solution package. Specifically, this chapter seeks to give, by way of background, a broad overview of the causes of the crisis; its global fiscal impact; responses to the crisis and their fiscal implications, including the larger fiscal consequences on public debt.
Response to the Crisis and Fiscal Implications
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter concerns itself primarily with the responses to the crises and their fiscal implications. The chapter presents a broad canvas of the responses to the global financial crisis and the pandemic, both monetary and fiscal, its implications for public finances and the fisc, effectiveness of the measures, policy issues including exit strategies for retreating from them, and lessons from both the crises. Unevenness in economic recovery and its implications on fiscal management would only be known in the medium term. Available evidence suggests that it would take some time for the debt ratio to decline to the pre-pandemic level. The global economy is faced with high inflation, high debt, a weak fisc, uncertainties due to the war between Russia and Ukraine and other geopolitical risks.
Euro Area Economies
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter gives an account of the genesis of the crisis in the euro area economies with emphasis on the crisis-ridden GIIPS (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) countries, as well as the impact of the pandemic. While concentrating on the crisis-ridden euro area economies, it notes that apart from the crisis-ridden GIIPS countries the crisis engulfed non-euro area but European Union (EU) member countries like Iceland (initially) and the UK and Cyprus. Among the GIIPS countries, the diagnosis was by no means uniform. The Greek tragedy can be primarily traced to fiscal profligacy fuelled by the private financial sector’s myopia that chose to ignore the internal fundamental differences among the euro area countries in the hope of a bailout in the event of a crisis. In some sense, the root cause of the Irish crisis can be found in the inadequate risk management practices of the Irish banks and the failure of the financial regulator to supervise these practices effectively. While the global financial crisis had a marginal impact on Portugal, in an already deteriorating debt-deficit situation coupled with low productivity–low growth syndrome, such marginal impact was amplified. Italy, often described as the ‘sick man of Europe’, had one of the largest public debts in the EU and ranked third in the world in 2007.
India
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite the near-zero exposure of Indian banks, given the extent of globalization, India was affected by the global financial crisis. Also, during the pandemic, Indian authorities have undertaken a substantial fiscal stimulus. Hence, given our interests and location, Chapter 7 delves into the implications of the ongoing global crisis for the Indian fiscal situation in terms of its crisis resilience and the impact on fiscal space. Documenting the monetary and fiscal elements of the Indian stimulus package, the chapter hints at the structural weaknesses of the Indian fiscal situation. It further argues that despite the small size of the Indian stimulus package (in comparison to other countries) the fiscal space in India was rather meagre. Furthermore, coupled with the problem of twin deficits, a major factor that did not expose India to the whims and fancies of the sovereign debt market was its avoidance of original sin, whereby India’s public debt was primarily rupee denominated. However, in line with India’s policy of calibrated financial and external sector liberalization, while households, governments, and even the financial sector had manageable exposure to foreign currency liabilities, the same is perhaps not true for the larger entities in the Indian corporate sector. Thus, in the days to come, issues relating to exposure to foreign currency liabilities and fiscal prudence may turn out to be more important than before.
Fiscal Implications and Central Banking
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recognizing that most operations of central banks have fiscal implications, this chapter looks into issues related to fiscal implications and central banking. Since central banks, particularly in advanced economies, permitted excess liquidity by adopting relatively loose monetary policy as they focused excessively on inflation or price stability and neglected credit booms and asset bubbles, they cannot be absolved of their role in the crisis. However, there are elements of the country-specificity in this regard. But in almost all the countries, central banks played the role of an activist in mitigating the fallout of the crises. During all these crises there followed an enormous bloating of the central bank balance sheets. Admittedly, in their role in rescue operations, there was close coordination with the fiscal authorities. While there is a general consensus that in managing the crises all central banks succeeded in avoiding the collapse of financial markets, there are allegations that in doing so, central banks in systemically important advanced economies undertook extraordinary monetary measures, involving significant fiscal costs. In the new normal, the role of central banks is expected to be different from that in the pre-crisis era. The mandate of central banks is being widened to formally include financial stability and this wider mandate may warrant several judgements and trade-offs, requiring a greater role for discretion in monetary policy.
Emerging Challenges
Authors: Reddy Y V , Ray Partha , Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the emerging challenges for public policies in general, in view of the confluence of health of financial and fiscal aspects of national economies. The links between fiscal management, financial regulation, and conduct of monetary policy are closer than were perceived by policy circles before the global financial crisis and the pandemic. There are efforts to put in place appropriate institutional arrangements at the national level to ensure coordination between such policies, keeping in view the objective of financial stability. Since growth and financial stability are closely linked, in particular in the case of developing economies, the institutional arrangements may have to consider the related issues of employment and output. However, in designing such arrangements for coordination, there is a danger that the focus of institutions such as central bank and financial regulators will get diluted. It is also possible that accountability will be difficult to enforce in the absence of well-defined objectives and operational freedom to each of the institutions to pursue such objectives. This is a complex reality that has to be faced by each country in devising both institutional arrangements and policy parameters for such coordination. Notwithstanding the limitation of the global monetary non-system, monetary policies of different nations are getting increasingly inter-linked due to the inter-linked nature of financial systems, where Wall Street has huge influence on the financial markets world over. All these have significant implications, of differing degrees, for the financial and fiscal policies, directly or indirectly.
Comparative Effectiveness of Lercanidipine and Amlodipine on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Jeon Jinsung , Ryoo Sunwoo , Oh Seungmi , Hong Soon Jun , Yu Cheol Woong , Kim Yong Hyun , Kim Eung Ju , Joo Hyung Joon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lercanidipine, a newer-generation calcium channel blocker, is recognized for its effective antihypertensive properties and reduced side effects. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of lercanidipine and amlodipine in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in hypertensive patients.

METHODS
A multicenter, retrospective observational study was conducted using the electronic medical records database from 3 tertiary hospitals in South Korea between 2017 and 2021. Hypertensive patients treated with either amlodipine or lercanidipine were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to minimize confounders, matching patients in a 3:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was the incidence of MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalizations, and coronary revascularization over a 3-year follow-up period.

RESULTS
A total of 47,640 patients were evaluated, and 6,029 patients were matched. Before PSM, the lercanidipine group had a higher cardiovascular risk (SCORE-2/SCORE-2OP value: 11.6% ± 9.2 vs. 10.9% ± 8.8, P &lt; 0.01) and a higher incidence of MACE compared to the amlodipine group (4.1% vs. 3.4%, P &lt; 0.01). After PSM, the incidence of MACE was numerically lower in the lercanidipine group compared to the amlodipine group (2.8% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.11), though this difference was not statistically significant. Blood pressure control remained comparable between the 2 groups over the 3-year follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS
Lercanidipine demonstrated comparable effectiveness to amlodipine in preventing MACE among hypertensive patients. Given its comparable antihypertensive efficacy and potential for fewer side effects based on prior studies, lercanidipine may be considered a preferable option for hypertension management.
Measuring improvements in occupational health and safety in the artificial stone benchtop industry
Authors: Hore-Lacy Fiona , Gwini Stella May , Dimitriadis Christina , Jimenez-Martin Javier , Hoy Ryan F , Fisher Jane , Sim Malcolm R , Walker-Bone Karen , Glass Deborah C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Workers in the stone benchtop industry in Australia are at high risk of silicosis due to exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) from the dry processing of artificial stone. In Victoria, Australia, a multifaceted response including education, regulatory changes, inspection site visits, and occupational health screening programme began in 2019. We aimed to review the success of this approach to safety practices in the industry.

Methods
Data were available from 2 sources: first, responses provided by workers during their occupational health screening (2019 to 2024), which included a systematic occupational history. Jobs examined included roles in the stone benchtop industry with RCS exposure and were analysed in relation to reported safety practices pre and postregulatory changes in August 2019, which prohibited unrestricted dry cutting. Second, data were obtained from the Regulator describing the numbers of visits to industry worksites and the numbers and types of compliance notices issued between 2018 and 2024.

Results
In total, 1921 jobs from 1007 workers were eligible for analysis, of which 869 were prior to the 2019 regulatory change and 557 commenced after. The proportion of workers reporting “never” dry cutting rose from 17.3% to 67.2% (P &lt; 0.001), use of recommended ventilation and respirator increased from 26.0% to 36.5% (P &lt; 0.001), and 44.9% to 86.5% (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Of the 543 worksites visited (2757 site visits in total), 352 (64.8%) received at least one compliance notice and the types of notices varied over time. Administrative controls/housekeeping and health monitoring notices were the most common in 2019 to 2021 but tools/equipment notices increased substantially in 2022 onwards.

Discussion
Prior to the changes, a large proportion of jobs involved unrestricted dry processing of artificial stone with inadequate protection. After the changes, practices improved although some jobs continued to involve dry processing without adequate control of dust.

Conclusions
This multifaceted approach vastly improved safety practices in the stone benchtop industry over 5 years. These data are relevant to occupational health and safety professionals and regulators in countries where artificial stone is used and potentially for implementation of new measures in response to a new workplace hazard in future.
Liposuction Port-Site Protection: Necessity or Needless Expense?
Authors: Moyer Hunter R , Sisson Kayla M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Liposuction is the most common cosmetic plastic surgery procedure in the United States, and lipo-aspiration for fat grafting is gaining in popularity. The results are effective, but complications include seroma, contour irregularities, skin necrosis, and even death. Scarring, dehiscence, and infection at the port site, although minor, are a common and less-discussed problem. To date, no study has examined the local complication profile of patients treated with and without port-site protection.

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of silicone port protectors to decrease local complications after liposuction.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed on 60 consecutive patients treated for cosmetic liposuction or autologous fat transfer between August 2022 and March 2024. The first 30 patients underwent tumescent-based lipo-aspiration without port-site protectors and the following 30 with placement of a segment of suction tubing to protect the skin. Records were reviewed to determine patient demographics, amount of tumescent and aspirate, and complications at the port site.

Results
Sixty patients completed the study. There were no significant differences in patient demographics and surgical data between groups. Ten patients in the unprotected group and 2 in the protected group experienced port-site complications (33.3% vs 6.7%, P = .0093). Significantly more patients in the unprotected group experienced wound dehiscence (P = .0095), and there was a trend toward more patients requiring steroid injections and excisions and reclosures (P = .088 and .167, respectively).

Conclusions
In this cohort, patients treated with a port protection device suffered fewer local complications, requiring less wound management, steroid injections, and revisions.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Virtual tissue expression analysis
Authors: Simeth Jakob , Hüttl Paul , Schön Marian , Nozari Zahra , Huttner Michael , Schmidt Tobias , Altenbuchinger Michael , Spang Rainer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Bulk RNA expression data are widely accessible, whereas single-cell data are relatively scarce in comparison. However, single-cell data offer profound insights into the cellular composition of tissues and cell type-specific gene regulation, both of which remain hidden in bulk expression analysis.

Results
Here, we present tissueResolver, an algorithm designed to extract single-cell information from bulk data, enabling us to attribute expression changes to individual cell types. When validated on simulated data tissueResolver outperforms competing methods. Additionally, our study demonstrates that tissueResolver reveals cell type-specific regulatory distinctions between the activated B-cell-like (ABC) and germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL).

Availability and implementation
R package available at https://github.com/spang-lab/tissueResolver (archived as 10.5281/zenodo.14160846).
Code for reproducing the results of this article is available at https://github.com/spang-lab/tissueResolver-docs archived as swh:1:dir:faea2d4f0ded30de774b28e028299ddbdd0c4f89).