bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic Pathologist Testimony, Part 2: Special Issues and Considerations
Authors: Ely Susan F. , Gill James R. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionForensic pathologists routinely testify in courts of law as part of their occupation. As such, part of their training involves learning how to testify responsibly and competently. As experts, they are permitted to offer opinions in order to assist the triers of fact.ResultsThis review examines such concepts as burden of proof by manner of death, mechanisms of death, survival intervals, and the differences between possibilities, probabilities, and reasonable degree of medical certainty. It also addresses legal concepts and issues that may arise in court, including those of pain and suffering, cognitive bias, objections, attempts at witness impeachment, and surrogate witness testimony, as well as a summary of pertinent case law.DiscussionThe special issues and considerations of the expert forensic pathologist are discussed with the aim to summarize some of the key issues that may arise in court for the forensic pathologist.
Forensic Pathologist Testimony, Part 1: Common Questions and Considerations
Authors: Gill James R. , Ely Susan F. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Forensic pathologists are the only medical specialists who routinely testify in courts of law as part of their occupation. As such, one element of their training involves learning how to testify responsibly and competently. Individuals qualified as experts are permitted to offer opinions in order to assist the triers of fact. Results We review the forensic pathologist's primary role as an expert witness which is to lay out concepts clearly, methodically, and objectively, in medicine, pathophysiology, toxicology, and injury, to convey these concepts with understandable, plain language, and to explain how certain evidence, physical, medical, and historical, supports their conclusions and/or presents limitations. Discussion We discuss various components about testifying in court, some common expert questions posed to the forensic pathologist, and what concepts and facts they might consider when answering them. We do not offer a prescription as to how one should answer these questions specifically, but rather we provide a single resource that summarizes some of the key issues that may arise in court for the forensic pathologist.
Training Load and Injuries in Volleyball: An Approach Based on Different Methods of Calculating Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio
Authors: Timoteo Thiago Ferreira , Debien Paula Barreiros , Fonseca Diogo Simões , Felício Diogo Carvalho , Bara Filho Mauricio Gattás 
Published: November 2024

Background: Many questions persist regarding the relationship between training load and injuries in volleyball, as well as the best method for calculating acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different metrics of training load and risk of injury in male professional volleyball players. Hypothesis: ACWR, as a training load measure, is useful for identifying injury risk in volleyball players, regardless of calculation method. Study Design: Longitudinal, prospective, and observational design conducted over 3 seasons of professional male volleyball. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The study included 43 male volleyball players. Internal training load was quantified using the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion. From daily training load values, absolute measures and relative measures were computed. For relative measures, 7 days were employed for acute training load, and 21 and 28 days for chronic training load. A distinction was made between coupled calculation and uncoupled calculation. Injuries were documented using the Injury Surveillance Form proposed by the International Volleyball Federation. Results: ACWR calculated in a coupled manner and by a rolling average demonstrated higher injury risks when analyzing the complete periods (odds ratio [OR] ACWR 7:28 = 2.040; ACWR 7:21 = 1.980) and competitive period (OR ACWR 7:28 = 2.044; ACWR 7:21 = 2.087). In contrast, during the preseason, the coupled exponential averages were more sensitive to the risk of injury (OR ACWR 7:28 = 4.370; ACWR 7.504). Conclusion: Both measures using rolling averages and those calculated from exponential averages can be employed to identify the risk of injuries in volleyball athletes. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study can be useful to coaching staff, fitness trainers, and healthcare professionals involved in the challenge of reducing the risk of injury in volleyball athletes. The need for continuous monitoring and real-time adjustments of training load is emphasized.
The European Works Council and the coverage of expert costs
Authors: Majoros Thomas , Obrecht Sascha 
Published: November 2024

In a recent case of the Austrian Supreme Court (OGH 29.8.2023, 8 ObA 28/23k), a European Works Council sought legal advice and wanted the costs to be covered by the central management of a group of undertakings. This request was denied on the ground that the European Works Council could also have obtained the same advice free of charge from a representative body. The Supreme Court ruled that the central management must also bear the expert costs in these cases and thus clarified that the European Works Council is not obliged to choose services that are free of charge. Case: Austrian Supreme Court ( Oberster Gerichtshof – OGH) of 29.8.2023, 8 ObA 28/23k, ECLI:AT:OGH0002:2023:008OBA00028.23 K.0829.000.
Digital health implementation in Australia: A scientometric review of the research
Authors: Krahe Michelle A. , Larkins Sarah L. , Adams Nico 
Published: November 2024

Objective Australia is committed to establishing a digitally enabled healthcare system that fosters innovation, strengthens data capabilities, and establishes a foundation for future digital health reform. This study provides a comprehensive overview of digital health implementation research in Australia, employing scientometric analysis and data visualization. We assess the existing knowledge base, identify key research areas and frontier trends, and explore their implications for healthcare delivery in rural and remote settings. Methods A systematic search of the Web of Science Core Collection database was conducted for relevant documents up to December 31, 2023. Analysis of annual growth patterns, journals, institutional and authorship contributions, reference co-citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence was conducted using scientometrics to create outputs in the form of graphs and tables. Evolutionary analyses were undertaken to delineate the current knowledge base, predominant research themes, and frontier trends in the field. Results A total of 196 documents related to digital health implementation in Australia were identified, demonstrating sustained growth since 2019. The evolution of the field is characterized by four distinct phases, with a pronounced focus on telehealth, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. ‘Remote health’ emerged as a significant area of contemporary interest. Conclusions This scientometric study contributes to our understanding of digital health implementation research in Australia. Despite a considerable body of research, there remains a relative paucity of studies focused on implementation in underserved rural and remote areas which arguably stand to benefit the most from digital health advancements. Continued research in this field is crucial to ensure equitable access to the benefits offered by digital health innovations.
Indian Muslims: (Self-)Perceptions and Voting Trends in 2024
Authors: Jaffrelot Christophe , Ahmed Hilal 
Published: November 2024

There are two dominant explanations of contemporary Muslim voting behaviour. A section of public commentators reiterates an old argument that Muslims always participate in politics to defeat the BJP. This argument is not entirely incorrect. The BJP did not deviate from its Modi-centric Hindutva-driven campaign. The party relied heavily on an apparent anti-Muslim rhetoric to reach out to its core voters. The failure of the BJP to secure an absolute majority in Lok Sabha, in this sense, is also seen as an obvious outcome of this strategy. It is claimed that the BJP’s attempt to polarize voters on religious grounds encouraged Muslims to vote for non-BJP candidates throughout the country. The second explanation is more speculative. The INDIA alliance has so far tried to avoid any discussion on the overwhelming Muslim support they have received this time. The non-BJP parties, except a few, do not want to publicly acknowledge the fact that their success was almost impossible without active Muslim support. This kind of political reluctance is justified as a strategic silence. There is an assumption that the pro-Muslim gestures of these parties will make the Hindu voters unhappy. Findings of National Election Studies (NES) 2024 take us beyond these popular descriptions of Muslim voting. This survey introduces us to the complexities of contemporary Muslim politics and its electoral manifestations. This article tries to establish a link between Muslim self-perceptions as a religious minority in India and their political behaviour. We ask three basic questions: First, did Muslim communities vote more actively this time than Hindu communities? Second, did they vote as a homogeneous community or as a vote bank? And finally, did they vote basically to defeat BJP?
Nonoperative Management of Sublime Tubercle Fractures in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: Improved Results With Cast Immobilization
Authors: Fogleman Sarah A. , Edmonds Eric W. , Fronek Jan , Leek Bryan T. , Bryan Tracey P. , Pennock Andrew T. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Avulsion fractures of the sublime tubercle of the ulna are a cause of medial elbow pain and instability in overhead athletes. Purpose: To compare outcomes after sublime tubercle avulsion fracture managed as a fracture (with cast immobilization) versus a soft tissue injury (without immobilization and with early range of motion [ROM]) to determine how to achieve the best outcomes for these injuries in adolescent throwing athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A multicenter retrospective review using an institutional database query of radiology reports to identify sublime tubercle fractures between July 2005 and December 2020 was performed. Inclusion criteria were baseball players aged ≤19 years, fracture identified on ≥1 imaging study (radiograph, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging), and ≥24 months of follow-up (unless failure of management occurred earlier). Fractures were classified as simple or complex injuries and then grouped according to management strategy: cast or early ROM. Data collected included patient characteristics, clinical presentation (injury mechanism and acuity), initial treatment, and outcomes (complications, final ROM, patient-reported symptoms, radiographic union, and return to activities or sport). Results: A total of 13 baseball players (6 in the cast cohort and 7 in the early ROM cohort) with a mean age of 16.5 years (range, 15-19 years) met the inclusion criteria, with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (range, 2.0-6.7 years) in the cast cohort and 3.8 years (range, 2.1-7.4 years) in the early ROM cohort. All injuries were classified as simple fractures. Five patients (83%) in the cast cohort achieved radiographic union, return to sports, and symmetric ROM, compared with only 2 patients (29%) in the early ROM cohort who achieved the same without having to undergo ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction ( P = .026). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that, whereas management of sublime tubercle avulsion fractures in adolescents via early ROM had a high failure rate, a mean of 4 weeks of immobilization led to a high rate of return to sports with successful union of the avulsed fragment. Unlike purely ligamentous injuries, bony avulsions may not necessarily require surgical intervention for adolescent patients to return to baseball.
Identification of genomic biomarkers of disease progression and survival in primary CNS lymphoma
Authors: Geng Huimin , Mo Shirley , Chen Lingjing , Ballapuram Aishwarya , Tsang Mazie , Lu Ming , Rauschecker Andreas M. , Wen Kwun Wah , Devine Walter Patrick , Solomon David A. , Rubenstein James L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The determination of the genetic subtypes of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and their relationship to differential chemoimmunotherapeutic response has not been established. There is a particular need for genomic biomarkers that identify patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL at high risk of early progression and death. We applied targeted next-generation sequencing for detection of recurrent single-nucleotide variants, copy number alterations, and zygosity abnormalities in diagnostic specimens from 78 patients with PCNSL treated with a standard methotrexate-based regimen, to identify prognostically significant molecular subgroups. All patients received induction immunochemotherapy, and 44 proceeded to dose-intensive consolidation. Genomic aberrations at 4 loci were associated with 91% of lymphoma progression events and all 15 deaths: (1) chromosome 6p copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) or focal homozygous deletion (HD) at 6p21.3, and mutations of tumor suppressor genes (2) BTG1, (3) ETV6, and (4) TP53. Cox regression multivariate analysis demonstrated a high risk of progression in patients with aberrations at these loci. Genomic aberrations at these loci were also associated with significantly shorter survival. Lower expression of HLA-DR was associated with 6p CN-LOH/6p21.3 HD and inferior prognosis. These genomic aberrations identify a high-risk molecular subgroup that may inform risk stratification in PCNSL. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance associated with the high-risk genetic phenotype is requisite to facilitate precision medicine and progress in therapy.
Retreatment of multiple myeloma with previously refractory drugs
Authors: Goel Utkarsh , Charalampous Charalampos , Kapoor Prashant , Binder Moritz , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Fonder Amie , Gertz Morie A. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Hwa Yi L. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Lin Yi , Warsame Rahma M. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) continue to live longer, they might get exposed to most available drugs and drug classes during the disease course. For such late line RRMM or among patients without access to novel therapies, retreatment with a drug that the disease had previously been refractory to might be one option. In this retrospective study, we describe 315 patients with RRMM at our institution who were retreated with a drug that the disease had been previously refractory to. We found an overall response rate of 56.2% and a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 11 months with retreatment. Patients with a longer time on initial therapy with the index drug (&gt;28.4 months) had a superior PFS with retreatment (median PFS, 16.9 vs 8.1 months; P &lt; .001). Similarly, patients with a longer time gap between the initial line of therapy with index drug and retreatment with index drug (&gt;46.1 months) had better PFS with retreatment (28.2 vs 8.9 months; P = .016). In conclusion, retreatment with a previously refractory drug is a viable therapeutic option for RRMM, with the most significant benefit derived in disease demonstrating sensitivity to initial drug exposure and among those with a longer gap between initial drug exposure and retreatment.
Association between second-hand smoke exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Possenti Irene , Romelli Marco , Carreras Giulia , Biffi Annalisa , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Specchia Claudia , Gallus Silvano , Lugo Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundLung cancer ranks as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There is evidence that second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer in never-smokers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide the most accurate quantification of the association between SHS exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smokers.Materials and methodsThrough the use of an innovative method to identify original publications, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, with corresponding meta-analysis, of all epidemiological studies evaluating the association between SHS exposure and lung cancer risk among never-smokers, published up to May 2023. Pooled relative risks were obtained using random-effects models. Dose–response relationships were derived using log-linear functions or cubic splines.ResultsOut of 126 identified eligible studies, 97 original articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk for lung cancer for overall exposure to SHS was 1.24 (95% CI 1.16–1.32, number of articles, n=82). Setting-specific relative risks were 1.20 (95% CI 1.12–1.28, n=67) for SHS exposure at home, 1.38 (95% CI 1.28–1.62, n=30) at a workplace, 1.37 (95% CI 1.22–1.53, n=28) at home or a workplace and 1.27 (95% CI 1.11–1.44, n=24) in nonspecified settings. The risk of lung cancer significantly increased with the duration, intensity and pack-years of SHS exposure.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that exposure to SHS increases by more than 20% the risk of lung cancer among never-smokers, providing definitive evidence of the association between SHS exposure and lung cancer risk.
Advance care planning in patients with respiratory failure
Authors: Ribeiro Carla , Pamplona Paula , Simonds Anita K. 
Published: November 2024

Advance care planning (ACP) is a complex and iterative communication process between patients, surrogates and clinicians that defines goals of care that may include, but is not limited to, documentation of advance directives. The aim of ACP is to promote patient-centred care tailored to the patient's clinical situation through informed preparation for the future and improved communication between patient, clinicians and surrogates, if the latter need to make decisions on patient's behalf.The aim of this article is to review research related to ACP in acute and chronic respiratory failure, regarding the process, communication, shared decision-making, implementation and outcomes.Research has produced controversial results on ACP interventions due to the heterogeneity of measures and outcomes, but positive outcomes have been described regarding the quality of patient–physician communication, preference for comfort care, decisional conflict and patient–caregiver congruence of preferences and improved documentation of ACP or advance directives.The main barriers to ACP in chronic respiratory failure are the uncertainty of prognosis (particularly in the organ failure trajectory), the choice of the best timing for initiation and the lack of training of healthcare workers. In acute respiratory failure, the ACP process can be very short, should include the patient whenever possible, and is based on a discussion of treatments appropriate to the patient's functional status prior to the event (e.g.assessment of frailty) and clear communication of the likely consequences of possible options.All healthcare worker dealing with patients with serious illnesses should have training in communication skills to promote engagement in ACP discussions.
FTO suppresses cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction via m6A-mediated epigenetic modification of EPRS
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Yanyan , Deng Lijie , Zha Yafang , Zhang Song 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiac fibrosis is common in myocardial infarction (MI), leading to progressive cardiac dysfunction. Studies suggested that the abnormal N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification induced by fat mass and obesity protein (FTO) is vital in MI. However, the effects of FTO on post-infarction cardiac fibrosis have not been detected.

Methods
Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to detect the expression of FTO in the fibrotic tissue of rats. The functions of FTO on collagen biosynthesis were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. The underlying targets of FTO were selected through RNA-seq with m6A-seq. The following dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA stability assay were conducted to investigate the mechanisms of FTO-mediated m6A regulation.

Results
The expression of FTO was decreased in the fibrotic tissue of post-infarction rats. The HIF-1 signal pathway was enriched after MI. HIF-1α could bind to the promoter of FTO and inhibit its expression. Functionally, FTO inhibited collagen synthesis after MI in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, EPRS was selected as the underlying target of FTO-induced m6A regulation. IGF2BP3 recognized and bound to the m6A sites of EPRS mRNA, which improved its stability. EPRS was required for cardiac fibrosis induced by FTO silencing.

Conclusions
FTO, identified as a cardioprotective factor, suppressed collagen synthesis in post-infarction cardiac fibrosis via m6A modification, which provided a new therapeutic strategy for cardiac fibrosis.