bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transition to technology-enriched supported accommodation (TESA) for people living with dementia: the experience of formal carers
Authors: Rondon-Sulbaran Janeet , Daly Lynn Jean , McCormack Brendan , Ryan Assumpta , Martin Suzanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the experiences of formal carers working in technology-enriched supported accommodation for people living with dementia, examining their care-giving role from a person-centred care perspective. Within a qualitative study, 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with formal carers and data were analysed following a thematic approach. Four main themes were identified that mapped to the attributes of the person-centred practice framework (PCPF): promoting choice and autonomy, staffing model, using assistive technology and feeling that ‘you're doing a good job’. Central to person-centred practice in these settings was the promotion of choice, autonomy and independence. The dichotomy between safety and independence was evident, curtailing the opportunities within the environmental enablers and associated embedded assistive technologies. Formal carers reported considerable job satisfaction working in these settings. The small-scale, home-like facilities seemed to have a positive effect on job satisfaction. These findings are relevant to policy makers, commissioners and service providers, highlighting the facilitators of person-centred care in community dwellings for people living with dementia and the role of formal carers in promoting this approach.
‘Practice time!’Doxic futuresin security and defence diplomacy after Brexit
Authors: Svendsen Øyvind 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTime constitutes social life and time management is central to the everyday conduct of international politics. For some reason, however, the practice turn in International Relations (IR) has produced knowledge about how past practices constitute international politics but not about how the future is also a constitutive feature in and on social life. Introducing a novel perspective on practice and temporality, the article argues that intersubjectively situated representations of the future by practitioners in international politics contribute substantially to our understanding of political processes and the making of international politics. To develop what appears a contradiction in terms – that ‘future-practices’ are driven by tacit know-how and conscious reflection simultaneously – the article develops the concept of doxic futures: representations of the future rooted in practical knowledge and tacit assumptions about the self-evident nature of the social world. The argument is illustrated with a case study of European security and defence diplomacy after the UK voted to leave the EU. Through the envisioning of two concrete doxic futures, a ‘Europe of buying together’ and the UK as a third country in EU defence, diplomats effectively tried to save European security and defence cooperation from the potentially disintegrating effects of Brexit.
Reimagining the Framework for Resolving Intra-African Commercial Disputes in the Context of the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement
Authors: Onyema Emilia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the effectiveness of the framework for the resolution of intra-African cross-border commercial disputes, arising from the projected increase in intra-African trade in goods, services, and investments under the African Continental Free Trade Area. It examines the peculiar nature of intra-African trade and of the participating entities to provide the context to discuss the three major processes adopted in commercial dispute resolution (litigation, mediation, and arbitration) in Africa. It then argues for the promotion of arbitration as the dispute resolution process of choice for such disputes. It reimagined the framework for arbitration at the continental level and made two proposals targeted at the greater efficiency of the process: the designation of Regional Arbitration Centres across the African Union's eight recognized Regional Economic Communities, to administer such references; and the establishment of an African Commercial Court as a one-stop court for the enforcement or annulment of the final award.
Pitch Angle Scattering of Sub‐MeV Relativistic Electrons by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves
Authors: Denton R. E. , Ofman L. , Shprits Y. Y. , Bortnik J. , Millan R. M. , Rodger C. J. , da Silva C. L. , Rogers B. N. , Hudson M. K. , Liu K. , Min K. , Glocer A. , Komar C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have long been considered to be a significant loss mechanism for relativistic electrons. This has most often been attributed to resonant interactions with the highest amplitude waves. But recent observations have suggested that the dominant energy of electrons precipitated to the atmosphere may often be relatively low, less than 1 MeV, whereas the minimum resonant energy of the highest amplitude waves is often greater than 2 MeV. Here we use relativistic electron test particle simulations in the wavefields of a hybrid code simulation of EMIC waves in dipole geometry in order to show that significant pitch angle scattering can occur due to interaction with low‐amplitude short‐wavelength EMIC waves. In the case we examined, these waves are in the H band (at frequencies above the He+ gyrofrequency), even though the highest amplitude waves were in the He band frequency range (below the He+ gyrofrequency). We also present wave power distributions for 29 EMIC simulations in straight magnetic field line geometry that show that the high wave number portion of the spectrum is in every case mostly due to the H band waves. Though He band waves are often associated with relativistic electron precipitation, it is possible that the He band waves do not directly scatter the sub‐megaelectron volts (sub‐MeV) electrons, but that the presence of He band waves is associated with high plasma density which lowers the minimum resonant energy so that these electrons can more easily resonate with the H band waves.
Methods for Assessing Expected Flood Potential and Variability: Southern Rocky Mountains Region
Authors: Yochum Steven E. , Scott Julian A. , Levinson David H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnhanced understanding of flood hazards, and how they vary across regions and continents, is needed to help protect lives and develop more resilient communities. Using the greater Southern Rocky Mountains region as a study area, a novel methodology was developed to predict, rank, and communicate expected flood magnitudes across similar responding areas (zones). Using 463 streamgages, up to 93% of the variance was explained by regression models developed for 11 derived zones. These regressions define the expected flood potential of each zone, a term introduced to assist practitioners, policy makers, and the public in understanding what flood magnitudes can be expected given the maximum recorded streamgage floods in nearby watersheds. Discharges above the 90% prediction limit, the maximum likely flood potential, are considered extreme; departure above this limit denotes the degree of extremity. The seasonality of the largest 5% floods varied substantially between zones, with the greatest frequency in July, August, and September in some zones (due to the North American monsoon) and May and June in other zones (due to snowmelt and rainfall). Using the lowest flood potential zone as an index area, flood potential and hazard indices were developed for comparing flood hazards across broad regions. The largest floods occur in the southern portion of the eastern slopes of the Southern Rocky Mountains and the adjacent Great Plains, with these events being 15 times larger than floods experienced in central Colorado and New Mexico mountain valleys, on average for a given watershed area.
Steady‐State Solution of a Solar Wind‐Generated Electron Cloud in a Lunar Crater
Authors: Rhodes Dov J. , Farrell W. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe formulate an analytic description of a steady‐state electron cloud and affiliated surface charge, formed in the plasma wake generated as the solar wind flows horizontally over a lunar crater. The solution is complementary to the well‐known self‐similar plasma expansion formulation, which breaks down at the plasma wake front and thus fails to capture a substantial region of the crater interior. The present model establishes a theoretical basis for existing simulation results, which suggest that the cavity formed below the wake front is populated mainly by electrons, resulting in a substantial negative surface charge. The electrostatic potential throughout this subwake region is determined by solving Poisson's equation for a Maxwellian electron cloud, bounded above by the self‐similar plasma expansion front and below by the electrostatically charged surface.
The Variation of Resonating Magnetospheric Field Lines With Changing Geomagnetic and Solar Wind Conditions
Authors: Wharton S. J. , Wright D. M. , Yeoman T. K. , James M. K. , Sandhu J. K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStanding ultralow frequency waves redistribute energy and momentum around the Earth's magnetosphere. The eigenfrequencies of these standing waves can be measured by applying the cross‐phase technique to ground magnetometer data. To make a detection, the flux tubes in the vicinity of the magnetometers must all be driven at their local eigenfrequencies by a source with a sufficient frequency width. Therefore, successful measurement of the local eigenfrequencies indicates that a broadband source is exciting the flux tubes. We have analyzed 10 years of magnetometer data with an automated cross‐phase algorithm and used correlations with the OMNI data set to understand under what conditions broadband excitation occurs and how the conditions affect the eigenfrequency values. This is the largest such survey of its kind to date. We found that lower eigenfrequencies at higher latitudes (L>5) and higher eigenfrequencies at lower latitudes (L<4) were excited under different conditions. It was also possible to directly compare the first and third harmonics at midlatitudes. The lower eigenfrequencies were excited during more disturbed conditions, and we suggest that these harmonics are driven by solar wind pressure pulses or the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause. The higher eigenfrequencies were excited when the magnetosphere was relatively quiet, and we suggest that the cause was waves generated upstream of the Earth's bow shock. The eigenfrequencies were observed to decrease in the middle magnetosphere during disturbed intervals. This is because the intensification of the ring current weakens the magnetic field. Variations in magnetic local time and latitude were also investigated.
Melatonin prevents lung injury by regulating apelin 13 to improve mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Zhang Lu , Li Fang , Su Xiaomin , Li Yue , Wang Yining , Fang Ruonan , Guo Yingying , Jin Tongzhu , Shan Huitong , Zhao Xiaoguang , Yang Rui , Shan Hongli , Liang Haihai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease characterized by epithelial cell damage, fibroblast proliferation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, and lung tissue scarring. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, plays an important role in multiple physiological and pathological responses in organisms. However, the function of melatonin in the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury is poorly understood. In the present study, we found that melatonin significantly decreased mortality and restored the function of the alveolar epithelium in bleomycin-treated mice. However, pulmonary function mainly depends on type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) and is linked to mitochondrial integrity. We also found that melatonin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented apoptosis and senescence in AECIIs. Luzindole, a nonselective melatonin receptor antagonist, blocked the protective action of melatonin. Interestingly, we found that the expression of apelin 13 was significantly downregulated in vitro and in vivo and that this downregulation was reversed by melatonin. Furthermore, ML221, an apelin inhibitor, disrupted the beneficial effects of melatonin on alveolar epithelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that melatonin alleviates lung injury through regulating apelin 13 to improve mitochondrial dysfunction in the process of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG14 facilitates colorectal cancer metastasis through targeting EZH2-regulated EPHA7
Authors: Di Wu , Weinan Xue , Xin Li , Zhiwei Yu , Xinyue Gu , Jinxue Tong , Mingqi Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggested the participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating various biological processes so as to affecting cancer progression. However, the functional role of most lncRNAs in colorectal carcer (CRC) is still largely covered. In the present study, we disclosed SNHG14 as a carcinogene in CRC development, as it was low-expressed in normal colon tissues but markedly upregulated in CRC cell lines. Besides, SNHG14 contributed to CRC cell proliferation, motility and EMT in vitro, and inhibition of it confined CRC tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo. Next, the mechanistic investigations confirmed that SNHG14-promoted CRC progression was mediated by EPHA7, which was negatively regulated by SNHG14 in CRC via an EZH2-dependent way. Importantly, EZH2 was proved as a transcription factor of EPHA7 and functioned as a repressor in EPHA7 transcription by enhancing methylation on EPHA7 promoter. Meanwhile, SNHG14 increased EZH2 expression in CRC via stabilizing its mRNA by interacting with FUS, and via freeing its mRNA from miR-186-5p-induced silence. All in all, our observations demonstrated that SNHG14 serves as a facilitator in CRC through targeting EZH2-repressed EPHA7 by enhancing EZH2 via recruiting FUS and absorbing miR-186-5p, indicating a promising new road for CRC diagnosis and treatment.
Long noncoding RNA PCAT1, a novel serum-based biomarker, enhances cell growth by sponging miR-326 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Lijie , Wang Yan , Chen Jiao , Wang Yu , Zhao Yabing , Wang Yali , Ma Yunping , Chen Xin , Liu Wenzhong , Li Zhengzheng , Zhao Lianmei , Shan Baoen , Dong Xin , Li Dan , Shao Shujuan , Song Yongmei , Zhan Qimin , Liu Xuefeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of human cancers. The lncRNA prostate cancer-associated transcript 1 (PCAT1) has been reported to be involved in multiple human cancers, including oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the detailed biological functions, underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of PCAT1 in ESCC remain unclear. Here, we confirmed that PCAT1 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of PCAT1 inhibited the growth of ESCC cells, whereas overexpression of PCAT1 showed the opposite effect both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of PCAT1 arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, reduced the expression of cyclin B1 and CDC2, and caused cells to be more sensitive to paclitaxel. Furthermore, PCAT1 could bind to miR-326, a tumour suppressor in diverse human cancers. Rescue experiments revealed that enforced expression of miR-326 attenuated the promotive effect of PCAT1 on ESCC cell growth. In addition, we discovered that PCAT1 was present in ESCC cell-derived exosomes, was higher in the serum of ESCC patients than those of healthy volunteer donors, and promoted cell growth through exosomes. Thus, our data indicate that PCAT1 promotes ESCC cell proliferation by sponging miR-326 and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for ESCC.
Induction of memory-like dendritic cell responses in vivo
Authors: Hole Camaron R. , Wager Chrissy M. Leopold , Castro-Lopez Natalia , Campuzano Althea , Cai Hong , Wozniak Karen L. , Wang Yufeng , Wormley Floyd L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, are considered to lack antigen specificity and be devoid of immunological memory. Strategies that can induce memory-like responses from innate cells can be utilized to elicit protective immunity in immune deficient persons. Here we utilize an experimental immunization strategy to modulate DC inflammatory and memory-like responses against an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals. Our results show that DCs isolated from protectively immunized mice exhibit enhanced transcriptional activation of interferon and immune signaling pathways. We also show long-term memory-like cytokine responses upon subsequent challenge with the fungal pathogen that are abrogated with inhibitors of specific histone modifications. Altogether, our study demonstrates that immunization strategies can be designed to elicit memory-like DC responses against infectious disease.
Forecasting of the first hour aftershocks by means of the perceived magnitude
Authors: Lippiello E. , Petrillo G. , Godano C. , Tramelli A. , Papadimitriou E. , Karakostas V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe majority of strong earthquakes takes place a few hours after a mainshock, promoting the interest for a real time post-seismic forecasting, which is, however, very inefficient because of the incompleteness of available catalogs. Here we present a novel method that uses, as only information, the ground velocity recorded during the first 30 min after the mainshock and does not require that signals are transferred and elaborated by operational units. The method considers the logarithm of the mainshock ground velocity, its peak value defined as the perceived magnitude and the subsequent temporal decay. We conduct a forecast test on the nine M  ≥ 6 mainshocks that have occurred since 2013 in the Aegean area. We are able to forecast the number of aftershocks recorded during the first 3 days after each mainshock with an accuracy smaller than 18% in all cases but one with an accuracy of 36%.
Serum FHR1 binding to necrotic-type cells activates monocytic inflammasome and marks necrotic sites in vasculopathies
Authors: Irmscher Sarah , Brix Silke R. , Zipfel Svante L. H. , Halder Luke D. , Mutlutürk Sibel , Wulf Sonia , Girdauskas Evaldas , Reichenspurner Hermann , Stahl Rolf A. K. , Jungnickel Berit , Wiech Thorsten , Zipfel Peter F. , Skerka Christine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPersistent inflammation is a hallmark of many human diseases, including anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) and atherosclerosis. Here, we describe a dominant trigger of inflammation: human serum factor H-related protein FHR1. In vitro, this protein selectively binds to necrotic cells via its N-terminus; in addition, it binds near necrotic glomerular sites of AAV patients and necrotic areas in atherosclerotic plaques. FHR1, but not factor H, FHR2 or FHR3 strongly induces inflammasome NLRP3 in blood-derived human monocytes, which subsequently secrete IL-1β, TNFα, IL-18 and IL-6. FHR1 triggers the phospholipase C-pathway via the G-protein coupled receptor EMR2 independent of complement. Moreover, FHR1 concentrations of AAV patients negatively correlate with glomerular filtration rates and associate with the levels of inflammation and progressive disease. These data highlight an unexpected role for FHR1 during sterile inflammation, may explain why FHR1-deficiency protects against certain diseases, and identifies potential targets for treatment of auto-inflammatory diseases.
Designer photonic dynamics by using non-uniform electron temperature distribution for on-demand all-optical switching times
Authors: Nicholls Luke H. , Stefaniuk Tomasz , Nasir Mazhar E. , Rodríguez-Fortuño Francisco J. , Wurtz Gregory A. , Zayats Anatoly V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile free electrons in metals respond to ultrafast excitation with refractive index changes on femtosecond time scales, typical relaxation mechanisms occur over several picoseconds, governed by electron-phonon energy exchange rates. Here, we propose tailoring these intrinsic rates by engineering a non-uniform electron temperature distribution through nanostructuring, thus, introducing an additional electron temperature relaxation channel. We experimentally demonstrate a sub-300 fs switching time due to the wavelength dependence of the induced hot electron distribution in the nanostructure. The speed of switching is determined by the rate of redistribution of the inhomogeneous electron temperature and not just the rate of heat exchange between electrons and phonons. This effect depends on both the spatial overlap between control and signal fields in the metamaterial and hot-electron diffusion effects. Thus, switching rates can be controlled in nanostructured systems by designing geometrical parameters and selecting wavelengths, which determine the control and signal mode distributions.
Fetal sex determination in twin pregnancies using non-invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Villela Darine , Che Huiwen , Van Ghelue Marijke , Dehaspe Luc , Brison Nathalie , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Devriendt Koen , Lewi Liesbeth , Bayindir Baran , Vermeesch Joris Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is accurate for fetal sex determination in singleton pregnancies, but its accuracy is not well established in twin pregnancies. Here, we present an accurate sex prediction model to discriminate fetal sex in both dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) and monochorionic diamniotic/monochorionic monoamniotic (MCDA/MCMA) twin pregnancies. A retrospective analysis was performed using a total of 198 twin pregnancies with documented sex. The prediction was based on a multinomial logistic regression using the normalized frequency of X and Y chromosomes, and fetal fraction estimation. A second-step regression analysis was applied when one or both twins were predicted to be male. The model determines fetal sex with 100% sensitivity and specificity when both twins are female, and with 98% sensitivity and 95% specificity when a male is present. Since sex determination can be clinically important, implementing fetal sex determination in twins will improve overall twin pregnancies management.
Altered dynamics of visual contextual interactions in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Vanegas M. Isabel , Blangero Annabelle , Galvin James E. , Di Rocco Alessandro , Quartarone Angelo , Ghilardi M. Felice , Kelly Simon P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the last decades, psychophysical and electrophysiological studies in patients and animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), have consistently revealed a number of visual abnormalities. In particular, specific alterations of contrast sensitivity curves, electroretinogram (ERG), and visual-evoked potentials (VEP), have been attributed to dopaminergic retinal depletion. However, fundamental mechanisms of cortical visual processing, such as normalization or “gain control” computations, have not yet been examined in PD patients. Here, we measured electrophysiological indices of gain control in both space (surround suppression) and time (sensory adaptation) in PD patients based on steady-state VEP (ssVEP). Compared with controls, patients exhibited a significantly higher initial ssVEP amplitude that quickly decayed over time, and greater relative suppression of ssVEP amplitude as a function of surrounding stimulus contrast. Meanwhile, EEG frequency spectra were broadly elevated in patients relative to controls. Thus, contrary to what might be expected given the reduced contrast sensitivity often reported in PD, visual neural responses are not weaker; rather, they are initially larger but undergo an exaggerated degree of spatial and temporal gain control and are embedded within a greater background noise level. These differences may reflect cortical mechanisms that compensate for dysfunctional center-surround interactions at the retinal level.