bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of Apical Triangle Defects Using Melolabial Rotation Flaps
Authors: Orangi Maideh , Dyson Mary E. , Goldberg Leonard H. , Kimyai-Asadi Arash 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND
The apical triangle of the upper cutaneous lip, also known as the alar-facial sulcus, is an anatomical structure bound medially by the nasal ala, laterally by the medial cheek, and inferiorly by the remainder of the upper cutaneous lip. During reconstruction, retaining the central concavity and the convex lateral and medial outlines of this location is required to maintain midfacial symmetry.

OBJECTIVE
This is a retrospective study of our use of the melolabial rotation flap for reconstruction of surgical defects of the apical triangle.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
Eighty-six surgical defects involving the apical triangle that were repaired with melolabial rotation flaps were included. All tumors were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery before reconstruction. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative details of each case were analyzed.

RESULTS
Of the 86 defects included in the study, 68 (79%) were evaluated postoperatively. The apical triangle was preserved in all cases. Clinical asymmetry was noted in 3 patients (3.4%). No major complications were noted, and no patient required surgical revision.

CONCLUSION
Melolabial rotation flaps may be considered for single-stage reconstruction of surgical defects involving the apical triangle.
Oral Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition as a Means for Ocular Salvage in Locally Advanced Intraorbital Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mathis Jason , Doerr Timothy , Lin Edward , Ibrahim Sherrif F. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND
Basal cell cancer is the most common cutaneous malignancy. It rarely presents with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Rare presentations such as intraorbital invasion remain a difficult clinical problem with significant potential morbidity. There is no review of sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs) for intraorbital basal cell cancer, and evidence regarding optimal management is limited.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the evidence for the management of intraorbital basal cell cancer with HPIs.

METHODS
A search to identify evidence for treatment intraorbital basal cell cancers with HPIs to date was performed in PubMed database and OVID using the phrases “basal cell cancer/carcinoma/BCC,” “intraorbital,” “orbital,” “ocular,” “periocular,” “vismodegib,” “GDC-0449,” “sonidegib,” and “LDE224,” in various combinations with Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.”

RESULTS
Rigorous clinical trials have previously reported the use of vismodegib and sonidegib in locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, specific descriptions of treatment of intraorbital tumors are rarely presented in detail adequate for analysis. Twenty-two cases of intraorbital BCC treated with vismodegib have been described in the literature, and no cases using sonidegib were identified. These vary in quality, but highlight important questions regarding optimal treatment duration, follow-up, and adjunctive therapies. Reports describing locally advanced BCC in various facial and periocular locations, but without specific mention of intraorbital invasion, were excluded.

CONCLUSION
Vismodegib is an attractive eye and vision-sparing option in patients with locally advanced intraorbital basal cell cancer whose other options often include exenteration, radiation, or other radical surgery.
Distinct Inflammatory Changes of the Pancreas of Slowly Progressive Insulin-dependent (Type 1) Diabetes
Authors: Aida Kaoru , Fukui Tomoyasu , Jimbo Erika , Yagihashi Soroku , Shimada Akira , Oikawa Yoichi , Mori Yasumichi , Fujii Takeshi , Nishida Yoriko , Koyama Rikako , Kobayashi Tetsuro 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the distinct pathological changes on the endocrine and exocrine pancreas of slowly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM) or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Methods
The pancreases from 12 islet autoantibody–positive SPIDDM patients and 19 age-matched subjects with no diabetes were examined histologically for islet inflammation/insulitis, expressions of cytokines, and enterovirus VP1 protein, exocrine pancreatic inflammation, pancreatic ductal changes, major histocompatibility complex class I hyperexpression, and amylin-positive amyloid in the islets.

Results
Insulitis dominant for CD8+ T-cells and CD68+ macrophages was observed in all SPIDDM cases irrespective of duration of diabetes and weight of residual beta cells. Major histocompatibility complex class I hyperexpression on residual beta cells was observed in SPIDDM. All SPIDDM exocrine pancreases showed extensive inflammation, dilated pancreatic ducts, and periductal fibrosis. As many as 75% (9/12) of pancreases had pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, which is assumed to be associated with ductal obstruction/narrowing and exocrine pancreatic inflammation, in SPIDDM. Amylin-positive amyloid deposition was not detected in SPIDDM.

Conclusions
Persistent insulitis with preserved beta cells and major histocompatibility complex class I hyperexpression and exocrine pancreatic inflammation with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia are distinct histological features of SPIDDM pancreas.
The Effectiveness of Olive Oil in Controlling Morning Inflammatory Pain of Phalanges and Knees Among Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hekmatpou Davood , Mortaji Sepideh , Rezaei Masoud , Shaikhi Millad 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of olive oil in controlling morning inflammatory pain of phalanges and knees among women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Design
This is a randomized clinical trial, which was done in Arak, Iran.

Method
After selecting 60 women based on a convenience sampling method, they were randomly allocated into five groups. A demographic questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale, and the Disease Activity Score 28 were completed. After 12 weeks of interventions, the last two scales were again completed. All data were analyzed using t test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Friedman test.

Results
The mean age of the women was 40 ± 10.5 years. The result of the Friedman test showed a significant difference (p ≤ .001) among the total mean of groups before and after interventions. The post hoc test (least significant difference [LSD]) showed a significant difference (p ≤ .001) between the mean of Disease Activity Score 28 in the group using olive oil for massaging. Results also showed that there are significant differences (p ≤ .001) among the mean of Visual Analogue Scale rates, among the mean of the number of painful joints, and among the mean of the number of swollen joints after intervention in the five groups.

Conclusion
Applying topical extra virgin olive oil, Piroxicam gel, and paraffin oil; dry massaging; and taking routine drugs alone were all effective in controlling rheumatic arthritis manifestations, respectively. Therefore, applying topical extra virgin olive oil for controlling of inflammatory pain of joints in rheumatic arthritis is recommended.

Clinical Relevance
In comparison with other medical ointments for RA, olive oil has lower expenditure and is findable in many homes.
Intraoral Anastomosis of Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap for Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Wu Wen-Jie , Lv Xiao-Ming , Zhang Jian-Guo , Zheng Lei 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Maxillary reconstruction is one of the most challenging areas of reconstructive surgery. This report describes a case of a 33-year-old male with osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the maxillary. The patient received radical resection and reconstruction with a deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (DCIAPF). The flap was harvested with a 4 × 2 cm2 osseous flap and a 6 × 8 cm2 skin island supplied by terminal perforators from the deep circumflex iliac artery. Anastomosis was accomplished on the ipsilateral facial vessels with deep circumflex iliac vessels through an intraoral approach. The donor site and the flap were observed to have completed primary healing 2 weeks after the surgery. The DCIAPF may be a satisfactory single-flap option for maxillary reconstruction with less donor-site complications.
Do Mandibular Third Molars Play a Role in Fractures of the Mandibular Angle and Condyle?
Authors: Nogami Shinnosuke , Yamauchi Kensuke , Bottini Gian Battista , Kouketsu Atsumu , Otake Yoshio , Sai Yuko , Kataoka Yoshihiro , Miyashita Hitoshi , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
The relationship between impacted mandibular third molars with angle and condylar fractures is subject of many publications, yet their conclusions differ widely, hence the authors wanted to investigate this topic in their patients.

Methods:
The authors designed a retrospective study including 241 patients who presented with angle and/or mandibular condyle fractures over a 13-year period at the authors’ institution. The study variable was the presence/absence of third molars. The authors used the Pell and Gregory system to classify their position, whereas the angulation was classified using Archer classification. The outcome variables were the presence of angle and condylar fractures. Other study variables included fracture etiology.

Results:
Assaults were the most frequent cause of angle fractures (62.7%), whereas falls were mostly responsible for condylar fractures (79.6%). Angle fractures were mostly isolated (66.3%), whereas condylar fractures were mostly associated with other fractures (62.6%). The majority of the angle fractures occurred in patients with third molars (63.6%), on the contrary the majority of the condylar fractures occurred in patients without mandibular third molars (78.3%). Angle fractures were mostly associated with fully erupted or superficially impacted third molars (90,9%). Finally in the presence of mesioangulated third molars, condylar fractures did not happen in 83.8% of patients.

Conclusions:
According to the authors’ findings, fully erupted or superficially impacted mandibular third molars are a risk factor for angle fractures but at the same time a protective factor for the condyle. On the contrary, the absence of mandibular third molars “strengthens” the angle and represents a risk factor for condylar fractures.
Microvascular Replantation of the Avulsed Lip
Authors: Godfrey Natalie D. , Akyurek Mustafa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Traumatic facial soft tissue injury often creates both aesthetic and functional deficits. In complete lip avulsions, microvascular replantation is a reconstructive option that has the potential to fulfill both of these goals. However, lip replantations remain rare and there are few reports in the literature. The authors aim to present a clinical report of a young male who sustained a human bite injury and underwent microvascular replantation of a completely avulsed lower lip and to review the literature and management of these complex injuries.
Ophthalmic Injuries Related to Maxillofacial Trauma Due to Urban Warfare
Authors: Mohammad Najah K. , Al-Mahdi Akmam H. , Mohammed Omar Majid 
Published: September 2018

Midfacial trauma commonly causes ocular injuries of varying degrees. Eye injuries account for approximately 10% of all battle injuries. Severity of injuries may range from a subconjunctival haemorrhage to optic nerve injury and globe laceration and rupture.

Aim of Study:
Is to evaluate the associated ophthalmic injuries in maxillofacial trauma due to war and to emphasize the need for proper ophthalmic examination to exclude and manage any associated ophthalmic injuries.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 66 patients with maxillofacial trauma due to war were considered in this study and underwent classification of the fractures to know patterns of fractures and to specify the ophthalmic injuries which might be associated with each fracture. Referral to ophthalmologist was considered to determine the exact nature of ophthalmic injuries. Results by a maxillofacial surgeon and ophthalmologist were evaluated.

Results:
Midfacial trauma particularly those associated with zygomatic bone fracture was highly significant due to blast and bullets can lead to serious ophthalmic injuries. This was related to 57% of ophthalmic injuries. The related ocular injuries which were subconjunctival hemorrhage and the rupture or lacerated eye globe found to be highly significant war injuries while the preretinal hemorrhage and diplopia were significant.

Conclusion:
A thorough proper ophthalmic examination should be carried out for every patient with these fractures and suspected cases should be placed under close observation so that immediate and active treatment can be taken if necessary.
Epineurial Nerve Coaptation: A Biological Nonliving Training Model Using Gradually Thawed Cryopreserved Sciatic Nerves
Authors: Safi Ali-Farid , Safi Sema , Timmer Marco , Goldbrunner Roland , Kauke Martin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The authors present a novel biological nonliving epineurial nerve coaptation training model, which allows cost-efficient practicing on organic mammal nerves and offers an objective performance control on the basis of successful suturing and respecting the 3R model.
Anatomic dissection of 40 rat cadavers was performed. Four residents without prior microneurosurgical experience were included. Each trainee performed 20 epineurial nerve coaptations. The number of successful sutures served as qualitative variable and operation time as a quantitative variable for efficiency control.
The rate for successful sutures was 51.9% in the first half of trials and improved to 94.4% in the second half. Whereas, the trainees needed a mean time of 34 minutes for the first 10 coaptations, the last 10 coaptations were performed within 24.5 minutes.
The authors’ presented model is an easily accessible, low-cost microneurosurgical simulation model, allowing a realistic and instructive performance of epineurial nerve coaptation. Because cadaveric nerves are used, an approval of the local ethics committee is not needed. Furthermore, anatomic knowledge about the topography related to the harvest of the sciatic nerve of rats is provided in this study.
Prognosis of Bell Palsy: A Clinical, Neurophysiological, and Ultrasound Study
Authors: Zaki Maha A. , Elkholy Saly H. , Abokrysha Noha T. , Khalil Alshaimaa Sobhi , Nawito Amani M. , Magharef Nagween W. , Kishk Nirmeen A. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
Bell palsy is the most common cause of acute facial nerve paralysis. Ultrasound has proved its ability in detecting structural lesions along the course of the affected nerves.The current work aimed at studying the accuracy of ultrasound to predict the prognosis of Bell palsy in correlation to the clinical scale and nerve conduction studies.

Methods:
The study included 20 cases of acute Bell palsy treated with prednisolone and physiotherapy. The participants were examined using the House–Brackmann (HB) scale, electrophysiologically and neurosonologically in the affected side and healthy side that served as a control.

Results:
There was significant correlation between HB outcomes with onset of HB results. There was significant increase in the distal facial nerve diameter on the affected side compared with the normal side (P < 0.001). Although ultrasound at onset did not predict the outcome, nerve conduction studies did predict the outcome.

Conclusions:
Baseline HB clinical assessment of Bell palsy gives information on the clinical outcome of the disease. In addition to that, initial nerve conduction studies proved to be superior to ultrasound in predicting the outcome.
Phylogenies and diversification rates: variance cannot be ignored
Authors: Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe concept of variance is the foundation of modern statistics; it reflects our awareness that independent samples from a single population or stochastic process can produce a range of outcomes. A recent pair of articles in the journal Evolution abandons the notion of the sample variance and advocates for uncorrected comparisons of numerical point estimates between groups. The articles in question (Meyer and Wiens 2017; Meyer et al., 2018) criticize BAMM, a scientific software program that uses a Bayesian mixture model to estimate rates of evolution from phylogenetic trees. The authors use BAMM to estimate rates from large phylogenies (n > 60 tips) and they apply the method separately to subclades within those phylogenies (median size: n = 3 tips); they find that point estimates of rates differ between these levels and conclude that the method is flawed, but they do not test whether the observed differences are statistically meaningful. There is no consideration of sampling variation and its impact at any level of their analysis. Here, I show that numerical differences across groups that they report are fully explained by high variance in their subclade estimates, which is approximately 55 times greater than the corresponding variance for estimates from large phylogenies. Variance in evolutionary rate estimates – from BAMM and all other methods – is an inverse function of clade size; this variance is extreme for clades with 5 or fewer tips (e.g., 70% of clades in the focal study). The articles in question rely on negative results that are easily explained by low statistical power to reject their preferred null hypothesis, and this low power is a trivial consequence of high variance in their point estimates. By ignoring variance, the testing approach outlined in these articles can be misused to demonstrate that all statistical estimators, including the arithmetic mean, are “flawed”. I describe additional mathematical and statistical mistakes that render the proposed testing framework invalid on first principles. Evolutionary rates are no different than any other population parameters we might wish to estimate, and biologists should use the training and tools already at their disposal to avoid erroneous results that follow from the neglect of variance.
Efficient genome editing of human natural killer cells by CRISPR RNP
Authors: Rautela Jai , Surgenor Elliot , Huntington Nicholas D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ability to genetically modify CD8 T cells using viral gene delivery has facilitated the development of next generation of cancer immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered to specifically kill tumor cells. Development of immunotherapies targeting natural killer (NK) cells have stalled in part by their resistance to viral gene delivery. Here, we describe an efficient approach to genetically edit human NK cells by electroporation and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. We detail electroporation pulse codes and buffer optimization for protein uptake by human NK cells and viability, and the efficiency of this approach over other methods. To highlight the transformative step this technique will have for NK cell immunotherapy drug discovery, we deleted NKp46 and CIS in primary human NK cells and validated murine findings on their key roles in regulating NK cell anti-tumor function.
Systematic functional characterization of the intellectual disability-associated SWI/SNF complex reveals distinct roles for the BAP and PBAP complexes in post-mitotic memory forming neurons of theDrosophilamushroom body
Authors: Chubak Melissa C. , Stone Max H. , Raun Nicholas , Rice Shelby L. , Sarikahya Mohammed , Jones Spencer G. , Lyons Taylor A. , Jakub Taryn E. , Mainland Roslyn L.M. , Knip Maria J. , Edwards Tara N. , Kramer Jamie M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTechnology has led to rapid progress in the identification of genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders like intellectual disability (ID), but our functional understanding of the causative genes is lagging. Here, we show that the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is one of the most overrepresented cellular components disrupted in ID. We systematically investigated the role of individual subunits of this large protein complex in post-mitotic memory forming neurons of theDrosophilamushroom body (MB). Using this approach, we have identified novel differential roles for the two prominent conformations of theDrosophilaSWI/SNF complex, known as BAP and PBAP. The PBAP conformation is required post-mitotically for remodeling of the MB γ neurons during morphogenesis and is essential for both short and long-term memory. In contrast, the BAP conformation appears to preferentially effect long-term memory and is associated with γ neuron survival. Our results suggest that different subunits of the SWI/SNF complex may influence learning and memory through diverse and distinct roles in regulating structural plasticity, survival, and functionality of post-mitotic neurons. This study provides novel insight into the neuronal function of individual SWI/SNF subunits and will serve as a basis for understanding SWI/SNF-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms in post-mitotic neurons.
Survival and ice nucleation activity ofPseudomonas syringaestrains exposed to simulated high-altitude atmospheric conditions
Authors: de Araujo Gabriel Guarany , Rodrigues Fabio , Teixeira Gonçalves Fabio Luiz , Galante Douglas 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe epiphytic bacteriumPseudomonas syringaeproduces the most efficient and well-studied biological ice nuclei (IN) known. Bioaerosols containing these cells have been proposed to influence cloud glaciation, an important process in the initiation of precipitation. The presence of this species has been reported on rain, snow, and cloud water samples, but how these organisms can survive the harsh conditions present on the high atmosphere still remains to be better understood. In this study, the impact caused by this type of environment onP. syringaewas assayed by measuring their viability and IN activity. Two strains, of the pathovarssyringaeandgarcae, were compared toEscherichia coli.While UV-C radiation effectively inactivated these cells, thePseudomonaswere much more tolerant to UV-B. TheP. syringaestrains were also more resistant to “environmental” UV radiation from a solar simulator, composed of UV-A and UV-B. The response of their IN after long exposures to this radiation varied: only one strain suffered a relatively small 10-fold reduction in IN activity at -5 °C. Desiccation at different relative humidity values also affected the IN, but some activity at -5 °C was still maintained for all tests. The pathovargarcaetended to be more resistant to the stress treatments than the pathovarsyringae, particularly to desiccation, though its IN were found to be more sensitive. Compared toE. coli, theP. syringaestrains seemed relatively better adapted to survival under conditions present on the atmosphere at high altitudes.IMPORTANCEThe plant-associated bacteriumPseudomonas syringaeproduces on its outer membrane highly efficient ice nuclei which are able to induce the freezing of supercooled water. This ability has been linked to increased frost damaged on colonized leaves and also to the formation of ice in clouds, an important process leading to precipitation.P. syringaehas been found on rain, snow, and cloud water samples, confirming its presence on the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess the survival of these cells and the maintenance of their ice nucleation activity under stressing conditions present in high altitudes: ultraviolet radiation and desiccation.P. syringaestrains were shown to at least partially tolerate these factors, and their most efficient ice nuclei, while affected, could still be detected after all experiments.