bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Antigenic Structure of Blood Platelets. I. Demonstration in the Rabbit of Antigens in Common Between Skin and Blood Platelets
Authors: EBBE SHIRLEY , BALDINI MARIO , DAMESHEK WILLIAM , Donovan Janet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Viability of infused homologous blood platelets was measured in the circulation of rabbits previously sensitized by one to three skin homografts. After three skin grafts, viability of homologous platelets collected from the skin donor ("specific" platelets) was found to be consistently reduced, while after one or two skin grafts it was reduced in 40 per cent of the experiments. When the platelets infused in the skin-sensitized animals were from "nonspecific" donors, viability was reduced in fewer experiments and to a lesser degree. Demonstration was also made that the skin tissue itself and not the amount of blood contained in the grafts was responsible for the state of immunity leading to increased destruction of the subsequently infused homologous platelets.
The results obtained in these experiments were interpreted as demonstration that skin tissue and blood platelets share antigens in common, so that after transplantation of skin, an antiplatelet factor with a good degree of individual specificity appears in the circulation, resulting in increased destruction of subsequently infused homologous platelets. The possibility that this antiplatelet factor may represent a homotransplantation antibody was entertained.
Cytochemical Localization of an Adenosine Triphosphate Dephosphorylating Enzyme in the Granules of Human Eosinophils
Authors: WEINSTEIN DAVID , SOMMER J. R. , BEARD J. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The granules of the eosinophilic myeloid cells of normal human bone marrow exerted a pronounced activity to dephosphorylate adenosine triphosphate. This behavior was not shown by the granules of other myeloid cells.
A Study of Detoxification Mechanisms in Children with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: WAGNER HANS P. , SMITH NATHAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The excretion of acetanilide and N-acetyl p-aminophenol in normal controls and children with aplastic anemia was found to be similar. These results suggest that arylhydroxylation and conjugation with activated glucuronic acid are not disturbed in toxic aplastic anemia. No good evidence could be obtained indicating conjugation of acetanilide metabolites with activated sulphate.
CHEMOTHERAPY OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA; THE USE OF ANTIMONY
Authors: RUBINSTEIN MICHAEL A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is a preliminary report on the treatment of 7 patients with multiple myeloma with antimony compounds. The therapeutic trial was based on the fact that multiple myeloma is frequently associated with hyperglobulinemia, a characteristic shared with other diseases in which antimony had been found therapeutically effective.
The results obtained thus far are insufficient to warrant conclusions, although they indicate a possible influence of antimony on myeloma tissue. This influence is seen mainly as an increased radiosensitivity when patients are subsequently treated with x-rays.
Factor IX in Intravascular and Extravascular Blood Coagulation
Authors: LEWIS F. J. W. , NOUR-ELDIN F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Sera separated from intravascular clots obtained postmortem showed no factor IX activity.
2. Evidence is presented suggesting that there are two forms of factor IX, intravascular and extravascular, and that there is an agent, named for convenience factor IX evolver (FNE) responsible for converting the former into the latter with the evolvement of factor IX in the serum.
4. The significance of these experiments and some related problems are discussed.
Studies on Lymphocytes. II. The Production of Lymphocytosis by Intravenous Heparin in Calves
Authors: JANSEN CORNELIUS R. , CRONKITE EUGENE P. , MATHER GEORGE C. , NIELSEN NIELS O. , RAI KANTI , ADAMIK EMIL R. , SIPE CLYDE R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Intravenous commercial heparin produces a lymphocytosis in the calf. The effect is not due to the preservative commonly present in heparin.
2. The lymphocytosis is mediated to a great extent by an increased input of lymphocytes into the blood via the thoracic duct.
3. The necessity of considering, plus controlling the heparin effect on blood lymphocyte levels and on the output of thoracic duct lymphocytes in all studies on lymphocyte production, migration and behavior, is discussed and emphasized.
Crystals of Protein Nature in the Cytoplasm of Lymphatic Cells in a Case of Lymphoreticular Malignancy
Authors: DE MAN J. C. H. , MEINERS W. B. H. , Beens W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The occurrence of crystals in the cytoplasm of lymphatic cells in a case of lymphoreticular malignancy—probably lymphocytic leukemia—is reported. Histochemistry revealed the protein nature of these crystals. It appeared that the protein was water-soluble, with no admixture of polysaccharides. Electron microscopy of the crystals showed a fine structure of regularly arranged thin lines with a spacing of 100 Å. The crystals were surrounded by membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Microbiologic Determination of Folic Acid Derivatives in Blood
Authors: GROSSOWICZ NATHAN , MANDELBAUM-SHAVIT FREDERIKA , DAVIDOFF ROSY , ARONOVITCH J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A microbiological method for the determination of folic acid activity (F.A.A.) in blood, and serum with three organisms (L. casei, S. faecalis and P. cerevisiae), is described. The S. faecalis No. 9 strain employed shows a considerably higher sensitivity than the standard ATCC No. 8043 strain, whilst the specificity towards the various F.A. derivatives tested is similar. The sensitivity of the P. cerevisiae (L. citrovorum) assay is also increased by adding thymidine, which spares the requirement for folinic acid. Finally, the procedure of extraction of the F.A.A. from blood has been modified to assure release and stabilization of the compounds assayed.
F.A.A. in blood and serum of healthy adults and infants are given.
A Fetal Hemoglobin Variant of Unusual Genetic Interest
Authors: WEATHERALL DAVID J. , BAGLIONI CORRADO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A fetal hemoglobin variant abnormal in the α peptide chains has been found in an umbilical cord blood sample obtained from an infant who had inherited Hb-G (presumably identical with GPhila.) from his father. This provides evidence that α chain synthesis in fetal and adult life is under a single genetic control and that α chain mutations, unlike β chain mutations, may be manifested in intrauterine life.
Magnesium Metabolism of Human and Rabbit Erythrocytes
Authors: GINSBURG STANLEY , SMITH JAMES G. , GINSBURG FREEMAN M. , REARDON JACQUELINE Z. , AIKAWA JERRY K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A modification of the magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation method for the determination of serum magnesium was devised to determine the magnesium content of erythrocytes.
The concentration of magnesium in the red cells of healthy hospital personnel was 4.67 ± 0.92 mEq./L.
An increase in erythrocyte magnesium concentration was observed in patients with reticulocytosis. Experimental production of reticulocytosis by the administration of phenylhydrazine to rabbits confirmed these clinical observations.
No significant in vitro uptake of Mg28 from the suspending medium occurred in mature human erythrocytes or in mature or immature erythrocytes from rabbits.
The relative tissue uptake of Mg28 in the bone marrow was significantly increased in animals in whom anemia and marked reticulocytosis were produced by phenylhydrazine. Relative activity was decreased in the hearts, spleens, and kidneys of these animals.
Since there is no evidence for significant exchange of magnesium in immature or mature erythrocytes in the peripheral circulation, it is concluded that the magnesium content of erythrocytes is increased in the bone marrow prior to their release into the peripheral circulation.
Recovery of Lethally Irradiated Dogs Following Infusion of Autologous Marrow Stored at Low Temperature in Dimethyl-Sulphoxide
Authors: CAVINS JOHN A. , KASAKURA SHINPEI , THOMAS E. DONNALL , FERREBEE JOSEPH W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sixteen normal young dogs were exposed to 1200 r of Co60 radiation over their entire bodies continuously at 5 to 6 r per minute. They were then given intravenous infusions of 1 to 5 billion of their own nucleated marrow cells that had been previously aspirated and stored frozen at -80 C. in dimethyl-sulphoxide.
Nine received samples stored in 10 per cent dimethyl-sulphoxide. All made prompt clinical and hematologic recoveries. Three dogs received samples stored in 5 per cent dimethyl-sulphoxide. One died. Three received samples stored in 15 per cent dimethyl-sulphoxide. Two died.
No toxicity of dimethyl-sulphoxide was recognized in these experiments. A disagreeable odor emanated from the injected animals and persisted for a number of hours.
Dimethyl-sulphoxide in 10 per cent concentration is suitable for the preservation of dog marrow at low temperature. Because the specimens preserved in it can be administered intravenously without prior dilution, this additive has an advantage over glycerol.
Studies on the Antimitotic Activity of Leurocristine (Vincristine)
Authors: CARDINALI GIUSEPPE , CARDINALI GIULIANA , ENEIN MOSTAFA ABOUL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of leurocristine (vincristine) on cell division was studied in normal bone marrow and leukemic cells (L1210 leukemia) of DBA/2 mice. It was found that vincristine possesses the ability to arrest mitosis at the metaphase stage. The accumulation of arrested metaphases in the normal bone marrow and in leukemic cells of the animals treated with vincristine followed a pattern similar to the one observed after treatment with colchicine or vincaleukoblastine (vinblastine).
Inclusions of Hemoglobin in Erythroblasts and Erythrocytes of Thalassemia
Authors: FESSAS PHAEDON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Large, usually single inclusions, having the staining properties of Heinz-bodies and occurring spontaneously in thalassemic cells, are described. Their frequency is greatest in the normoblasts, either circulating ones or those found in the bone marrow, and decreases sharply in more mature red cells. Splenectomy unmasks this inclusion phenomenon to a large extent. Some staining and other properties of these inclusion bodies are described.
It is concluded that these inclusions represent precipitated hemoglobin, very likely uncombined α-chains. The findings are discussed and related to present-day knowledge on hemoglobin synthesis and erythrocyte turnover in thalassemia.
Comparison of 6-Mercaptopurine and Busulfan in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors:   SOUTHEASTERN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY COOPERATIVE STUDY GROUP, HUGULEY CHARLES M. , GRIZZLE JAMES , RUNDLES R. WAYNE , BELL WARREN N. , CORLEY CHARLES C. , FROMMEYER W. B. , GREENBERG B. G. , HAMMACK WILLIAM , HERION JOHN C. , JAMES G. WATSON , LARSEN WILLIAM E. , LOEB VIRGIL , LEONE LOUIS A. , PALMER JEFFRESS G. , WILSON SLOAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relative effectiveness of 6-MP and busulfan for the achievement and maintenance of control of chronic granulocytic leukemia over a period of 12 weeks has been studied. In a randomized study, 15 patients received 6-MP and 9 busulfan. In addition, results of a similar study in which 31 patients were treated with busulfan were combined with the current study. Sequential studies in which patients received more than one course of study were made in 11 patients so that altogether 62 studies were completed in 49 patients.
6-MP produced "good" or "excellent" responses in only 5 (33 per cent) of 15 trials, whereas, 42 (89 per cent) of 47 trials using busulfan responded to this degree.
Busulfan is superior to 6-MP for the over-all control of chronic granulocytic leukemia during a 12-week course of study. Not only are the results obtainable with 6-MP inferior to those with busulfan, but 6-MP is also more difficult to use.
Busulfan in the dosage used reduces the granulocyte count somewhat more slowly than does 6-MP, but the effect is more prolonged. The escape of the granulocytes from depression by 6-MP is very rapid.
The reduction of platelet counts from abnormally high levels to normal is more effectively achieved with busulfan than with 6-MP since, in doses sufficient to reduce the granulocyte count, the latter drug is less likely to affect the level of platelet counts than is busulfan.
It may be possible to exploit these differences occasionally. If a patient becomes difficult to control with busulfan because of thrombocytopenia, 6-MP may offer control with greater safety. In patients whose marrow function is especially susceptible to depression with busulfan, 6-MP may offer the safety valve of a more rapid escape from overtreatment.
In general, 6-MP is not recommended for the routine management of chronic granulocytic leukemia prior to the development of the blast stage.
The Occurrence of Lymphoma in Patients with Long-standing Hyperthyroidism
Authors: ULTMANN JOHN E. , HYMAN GEORGE A. , CALDER BURTON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1) Six patients have been presented who, subsequent to long-standing hyperthyroidism, developed a lymphoma (one lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma, one Hodgkin’s disease, one giant follicular lymphoma, and three lymphocytic lymphosarcoma or leukemia).
2) Experimental evidence suggests that hyperthyroidism stimulates and hypothyroidism inhibits lymphoid structures, and hyperthyroidism promotes tumor growth in animals. The mechanism of this action is not clear.
3) Three additional cases of hyperthyroidism followed by the development of a lymphoma were found in the literature.
4) It is suggested that prolonged hyperthyroidism may be a contributory factor in the development of lymphomas or allied disorders in man.
Megaloblastosis Produced by a Cytosine Antagonist
Authors: TALLEY R. W. , VAITKEVICIUS V. K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Cytosine arabinoside induced objective, but temporary, decrease of tumor masses in three patients with lymphosarcoma and slight decrease in some lesions in two out of ten treated patients with disseminated carcinomatosis.
2. In doses of 3 to 50 mg./Kg. given at varying intervals, cytosine arabinoside induced definite megaloblastic changes in the marrow of all patients studied. Mitotic abnormalities similar to those found in other megaloblastic anemias also occurred.
3. Associated with bone marrow changes, depressions of hemoglobin, white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood were observed.
4. The exact mechanism of action of cytosine arabinoside has not been elucidated. It is speculated that because of the close structural similarity between cytidylic acid, cytosine arabinoside could interfere with DNA synthesis.
The Influence of Race and Phenotype on the Erythrocyte D Antigen Studied by I131—labeled Anti—D
Authors: BARNES ARTHUR E. , FARR RICHARD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for the preparation of I131-labeled anti-D eluates (I[unknown] anti-D) specific for the D antigen by adsorption and elution from intact D positive red cells is presented. A standard D antigen reference system for the quantitative comparison of the red cell D antigen from various donors was developed on the basis of kinetic studies of the effect of pH, temperature and antigen concentration on the I[unknown] anti-D reaction with the D antigen. The red cell D antigen determinations of the blood from 33 Negro and 102 Caucasian donors showed wide monomodal frequency distributions which indicate a heterogeneity of quantitative D antigen reactivity consistent with previous serologic and I131-labeled anti-D studies. The average red cell D antigen reactivity of the 20 probable D homozygote and 14 established D hemizygote Caucasian donors was similar to the D antigen reactivity of the 102 random Caucasian donors. The red cell D antigen reactivity was strongly depressed by the C antigen (or C gene) in Caucasian bloods and enhanced by the E antigen (or E gene) in Negro bloods. The E antigen (or E gene) may also have enhanced the D antigen reactivity in red cells from Caucasian donors, but the difference in D zygosity provides an alternative explanation for the results. The marked influence on red cell D antigen reactivity in the presence of the C and E antigen may well have obscured any lesser influence of D zygosity.
Studies of in Vivo Phagocytosis. I. Inhibition of Phagocytosis by Intact Neoplastic Body Fluids
Authors: KIMBALL SANFORD G. , BRODY JEROME I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. By means of a modified skin window technic, the phagocytic response of rabbit leukocytes to external stimuli has been observed.
2. Suspensions of particulate antigens, such as rice starch and Candida albicans, made in serums or urines from patients with leukemias and lymphoproliferative disorders, were not phagocytized normally when compared to similar suspensions in normal media.
3. These results suggest that exogenous or endogenous factors, individually or in combination, interfere with normal phagocytic activity in the rabbit and, by analogy, may exercise a similar function in the human.
Virus-like Particles in the Lymphocytes of a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: ZUCKER-FRANKLIN DOROTHEA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were isolated and subjected to electron microscopy. Aggregates of virus-like particles measuring 80 to 120 Å in diameter were observed as organized structures in the cytoplasm of the cells. The true nature of the particles remains to be established.
Fetal Hemoglobin-containing Erythrocytes I. Counts of Cells Stained by the Acid Elution Method Compared with Alkali Denaturation Measurements
Authors: KIOSSOGLOU KOSMAS A. , WOLMAN IRVING J. , GARRISON MORTIMER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The quantitative study of peripheral smears for red cells containing fetal hemoglobin ("F-containing cells") by the acid elution method is a useful and dependable screening test. Findings with this approach were compared with fetal hemoglobin assay by alkali-denaturation in a series of 19 normal subjects and 63 subjects with an assortment of blood disturbances. The results of the two methods had a correlation of +.79, suggesting a reliable but far from perfect identity between the methods. The acid elution method tended to give higher readings, and seemed more sensitive for recognizing individuals with slight increases in red cell fetal hemoglobin as occurs in thalassemia minor.
The Urinary Excretion of Orally Administered Tritium-labeled Folic Acid as a Test of Folic Acid Absorption
Authors: KLIPSTEIN FREDERICK A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The urinary excretion of radioactivity following an oral test dose of tritium-labeled folio acid was determined in a group of 40 subjects which included controls and patients with a variety of malabsorptive disorders. The results were compared with the occurrence of folic acid deficiency, as detected by subnormal serum L. casei folate levels, and with a variety of other tests available for the evaluation of intestinal absorption, including the determination of folio acid absorption based on the microbiological assay of peak serum Str. faecalis folate concentrations following the oral test dose.
The urinary excretion of H3FA in 15 subjects with normal intestinal absorption ranged from 26.0 to 57.8 per cent of the oral test dose, with a mean of 40.7 per cent. The H3FA excretion in 25 patients with intestinal malabsorption ranged from 1.9 to 38.7 per cent, with a mean of 15.3 per cent. Twenty patients in this group excreted less than 26 per cent. Those five patients who excreted greater than 26 per cent were considered to have normal absorption of folic acid since absorption studies of peak serum Str. faecalis folate levels were within the normal range.
The results of the H3FA urinary excretion test correlated well with other parameters of intestinal absorption, particularly in the instances of severe malabsorption, although three cases with malabsorption were observed in which H3FA excretion was subnormal and peak serum Str. faecalis folate concentrations were normal. Folic acid deficiency was observed in 12 patients and its incidence appeared to be related to the severity of impairment of folic acid absorption in the majority of cases.
It is concluded that the H3FA urinary excretion test is a simple, rapid and reliable index of folic acid absorption.
A New, Automatic, Disposable System for Blood Counts and Hemoglobin
Authors: FREUNDLICH MELVIN H. , GERARDE HORACE W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new system of blood dilution which uses a self-filling, disposable micro-pipette and a prefilled, disposable plastic dilution container has been described. By this means a single .013 ml. sample of blood is all that is required to do a WBC, RBC, Hb and platelet count.
Comparison of the system (Unopette-B-D) with standard pipette counts proved to have a high index of correlation as far as hemoglobin, erythrocyte counts and leukocyte counts were concerned.
Platelet counts tended to show less agreement, the test system giving consistently lower results. The reasons for this were discussed.
The advantages of the new system were discussed.
Extensive Leukemic Infiltration of the Gastrointestinal Tract during Apparent Remission in Acute Leukemia
Authors: EVERETT CHARLES R. , HAGGARD MARY ELLEN , LEVIN WILLIAM C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A child with acute leukemia in an apparent hematologic remission who succumbed to the complications arising from extensive leukemic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract is reported.
This cannot be explained by any unique anatomical properties of the circulation, such as have been proposed for central nervous system infiltration under similar circumstances.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Vivo on Labeling of Red Cells by Radioactive Sodium Chromate
Authors: POPPELL J. WILLIAM , HOOD MARGARET E. , DECOSSE JEROME J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fifty-two whole blood samples from 17 patients were analyzed for ascorbic acid concentration and Cr51 tagging. Physiologic concentrations of ascorbic acid in whole blood in vivo reduced radioactive sodium chromate in vitro and impaired tagging.