bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Powdered Vancomycin on Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Texakalidis Pavlos , Lu Victor M , Yolcu Yagiz , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Parney Ian F , Fogelson Jeremy L , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Surgical site infections (SSIs) after spine and brain surgery present a major burden to patients and hospitals by increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

OBJECTIVE
To review available literature investigating the role of intrawound powdered vancomycin against SSIs after neurosurgical operations.

METHODS
All randomized and observational English language studies of intrawound powdered vancomycin use in spinal and cranial surgery were included and analyzed using random-effects modeling.

RESULTS
In spine surgery (25 studies with 16 369 patients), patients in the vancomycin group had a significantly lower risk for any SSI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.57; P < .001; I2 = 47%). However, when separate analyses were conducted for superficial and deep SSIs, a significant difference was found only for deep (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.22-0.45; P < .001; I2 = 29%). Subgroup analyses for different vancomycin powder dosages (1 g vs 2 g vs composite dose) did not point to any dose-related effect of vancomycin. In cranial surgery (6 studies with 1777 patients), use of vancomycin was associated with a significantly lower risk for SSIs (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18-0.60; P = .0003; I2 = 45%). In meta-regression analysis, trial-level variability of diabetes had no influence on the association of vancomycin powder use with SSIs.

CONCLUSION
Use of vancomycin powder in spinal and cranial surgery might be protective against SSIs, especially against deep SSIs. No dose-related effect of vancomycin powder was identified. However, caution is needed in the clinical interpretation of these results, owing to the observational design of the included studies in this meta-analysis.
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Group Visits Improve Parental Emotional Health and Perceptions of Child Behavior
Authors: Bauer Nerissa S. , Sullivan Paula D. , Szczepaniak Dorota , Stelzner Sarah M. , Pottenger Amy , Ofner Susan , Downs Stephen M. , Carroll Aaron E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Group visits (GVs) are a promising intervention, but more work is needed to establish intervention effects. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of GVs and compare them with individual visits (INDs) for chronic care of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods:
Caregivers and children (6–12 yrs) with ADHD participated in a comparative effectiveness trial from April 2014 to June 2015. Families were offered ADHD follow-up every 3 months as GVs versus INDs. Outcomes included ADHD core symptoms, child functioning at home, quality of life, perceived social support, and ADHD-related parenting challenges. Change scores from baseline to the study end were examined for parent and child outcomes within and between treatment conditions.

Results:
Ninety-one children from 84 families participated. Eighteen families withdrew or were lost to follow-up. GV families attended more visits over 12 months, had significant improvement in mean parental emotional health (p = 0.04), and had a greater decrease in challenges related to misbehavior compared with IND families (p < 0.03). GV families experienced significant improvements in child functioning at home (p = 0.01) and reported more time for themselves, other siblings, and routine household activities (p < 0.01). Children receiving care as INDs reported a significant drop in mean emotional health. There were no significant changes in other outcomes.

Conclusion:
Families participating in GVs experienced multiple improvements related to family functioning and attended more follow-up visits. Findings confirm the effectiveness of the GV intervention in delivering critical parenting support as part of ADHD management.
Maternal Anxiety and Separation Anxiety in Children Aged Between 3 and 6 Years: The Mediating Role of Parenting Style
Authors: Orgilés Mireia , Penosa Patricia , Morales Alexandra , Fernández-Martínez Iván , Espada José P. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Maternal anxiety is known to be associated with childhood separation anxiety. However, there is little research on the mediating factors of this relationship, despite the possible consequences separation anxiety might have for children's development and autonomy. The objective of this study was to analyze the possible mediating effects of 4 parenting styles (overprotective, assertive, punitive, and inhibited) on the relationship between maternal anxiety and child separation anxiety.

Methods:
Participants were 235 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years, recruited from 6 preschools in the southeast of Spain. Maternal trait anxiety, maternal parenting style, and child separation anxiety were evaluated.

Results:
A parallel multiple-mediation analysis revealed that the overprotective parenting style was a significant mediator of the relationship between maternal trait anxiety and child separation anxiety. In addition, mothers with higher trait anxiety scores exhibited a greater likelihood of using an overprotective, punitive, or less assertive parenting style. Younger mothers were more likely to use an overprotective parenting style, and compared with girls, boys were more exposed to the assertive style.

Conclusion:
This study provides initial evidence that parenting style acts as a mediator of the relationship between maternal anxiety and child separation anxiety.
Sustained Benefit After Treatment of Acne Vulgaris Using Only a Novel Combination of Long-Pulsed and Q-Switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG Lasers
Authors: Bakus Abnoeal D. , Yaghmai Dina , Massa Mary C. , Garden Benjamin C. , Garden Jerome M. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND
Acne vulgaris remains a challenging disease to treat in many patients. Traditional therapies may have limited successes with potential side effects. Laser and light energy devices may offer a desirable alternative.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety in using a combination laser approach with both long-pulsed (LP) and Q-switched (QS) Nd:YAG lasers in the treatment of active acne.

METHODS
Twenty patients with moderate to severe inflammatory acne were treated with LP YAG laser followed immediately with QS YAG laser. Patients received at least 8 treatments. Follow-up evaluation occurred at a minimum of 12 months. Pre- and post-treatment photographs were graded by blinded physicians. All topical acne medications and oral antibiotics were discontinued throughout the therapy and follow-up period.

RESULTS
There was a 81% reduction in acne lesions, with 60% of patients having 90% or greater reduction. Overall appearance was graded at 84% improvement at follow-up. Follow-up occurred at a mean of 22.7 months after completion of therapy. Aside from transient erythema, there were no other adverse effects.

CONCLUSION
Active acne can be treated successfully with a combination of LP and QS YAG lasers with patients remaining off acne medications throughout laser therapy and the follow-up period.
CAPILLARY NETWORK ALTERATIONS IN X-LINKED RETINOSCHISIS IMAGED ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Romano Francesco , Arrigo Alessandro , Ch'ng Soon Wai , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio , Manitto Maria Pia , Martina Elisabetta , Bandello Francesco , Stanga Paulo E. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
To assess foveal and parafoveal vasculature at the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, and choriocapillaris of patients with X-linked retinoschisis by means of optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
Six patients with X-linked retinoschisis (12 eyes) and seven healthy controls (14 eyes) were recruited and underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, dilated fundoscopy, and 3 × 3-mm optical coherence tomography angiography macular scans (DRI OCT Triton; Topcon Corp). After segmentation and quality review, optical coherence tomography angiography slabs were imported into ImageJ 1.50 (NIH; Bethesda) and digitally binarized. Quantification of vessel density was performed after foveal avascular zone area measurement and exclusion. Patients were additionally divided into “responders” and “nonresponders” to dorzolamide therapy.

Results:
Foveal avascular zone area resulted markedly enlarged at the deep capillary plexus (P < 0.001), particularly in nonresponders. Moreover, patients disclosed a significant deep capillary plexus rarefaction, when compared with controls (P: 0.04); however, a subanalysis revealed that this damage was limited to the fovea (P: 0.006). Finally, the enlargement of foveal avascular zone area positively correlated with a decline in best-corrected visual acuity (P: 0.01).

Conclusion:
Prominent foveal vascular impairment is detectable in the deep capillary plexus of patients with X-linked retinoschisis. Our results correlate with functional outcomes, suggesting a possible vascular role in X-linked retinoschisis clinical manifestations.
Sex Differences in Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospital Management and Outcomes
Authors: Romero Tomás , Greenwood Kristina L. , Glaser Dale 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) sex disparities in management and outcomes have long been attributed to multiple factors, although questions regarding their relevance have not been fully addressed.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify current factors associated with sex-related AMI management and outcomes disparities in hospitals with comparable quality care standards.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of 299 women and 540 men with AMI discharged in 2013 from 3 southern California hospitals with tertiary cardiac care. Outcomes (adjusted by demographic/clinical variables using multiple logistic regression) included mortality (in-hospital, 30 days), 30-day readmissions, invasive/revascularization procedures, and quality medication performance measures (aspirin, statins/antilipids, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, <90-minute door-balloon time).

Results:
Performance was similar to the top 10% National Inpatient Quality AMI Measures. Women had similar mortality, 30-day readmission rates, and performance on medication quality measures compared with men; readmissions were higher in patients with County Services/Medicaid or no medical insurance regardless of sex. Women had similar cardiac catheterization and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction percutaneous coronary intervention rates but significantly less percutaneous coronary intervention for non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (39.1% vs 52.1%, P = .008) and coronary artery bypass graft (6.7% vs 14.1%, P < .001) than men.

Conclusions:
Women with AMI had similar early mortality, 30-day readmissions and quality performance measures compared with men across hospitals with current quality care standards. Type of medical insurance influenced readmission rates for both sexes. Sex disparities in coronary revascularization procedures were likely determined by differences in AMI type and coronary disease vascular expression.
The Effectiveness of Function-Focused Care Interventions in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review
Authors: LEE Su Jung , KIM Mi So , JUNG You Jin , CHANG Sung Ok 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Since the Omnibus Budget and Reconciliation Act was passed in South Korea in 1987, function-focused care (FFC) has been used in long-term care to achieve the highest possible levels of self-care and independence for older adults. However, many perceive nursing home residents with cognitive function impairments as having little restorative potential.

Purpose:
The purpose of this review is to report on evidence and strategies relating to FFC interventions in nursing home settings and to summarize the effects of FFC on the functional abilities of resident subgroups.

Methods:
A literature review using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature was conducted for articles published between January 1, 2000, and February 20, 2016. Twenty-two eligible studies were identified. Relevant data were extracted, and the results were synthesized into an integrated literature review. Study quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies.

Results:
This review included 22 trials that were of moderate to high quality. Our systematic review confirmed the FFC interventions as integrated and dedicated processes; the five key strategies underpinning effective FFC interventions; and the effectiveness of FFC interventions on physical, psychosocial, and cognitive functions. The five key strategies underpinning FFC interventions included interactive learning for caregivers, the content of learning programs for caregivers, residents’ preferences and interests, optimizing approaches according to residents’ functional status, and the conceptual frameworks of FFC interventions. Most of the studies (n = 15) evaluated psychosocial functions and found significant improvements in aspects such as mood, affect, and behavioral problems. Likewise, the 13 studies assessing physical function found significant improvements in effectiveness in aspects such as movement, balance, and activities of daily living. Only four studies looked at cognitive function effectiveness, using measures such as place finding, verbal use, and memory.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
Our review found scientific evidence that FFC interventions improve functional abilities across various levels of cognitive function in nursing homes. Nursing homes may employ effective strategies to maximize the effects of FFC interventions and use educational materials to teach caregivers to implement FFC interventions competently.
Emergence Delirium in Children: Review and Rationale for the Use of Dexmedetomidine for Prevention
Authors: Whitman Tina M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPediatric emergence delirium is a problematic condition affecting children emerging from general anesthesia. Young children specifically have an increased probability of developing this condition; risk factors such as gender, surgical procedure, pain, and/or anesthetic technique pose an increased susceptibility to emergence delirium. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of pediatric emergence delirium in a variety of administrative methods. This article presents a review of emergence delirium and rationale for its prevention with dexmedetomidine. There are presently many pharmacological methods of treating and avoiding emergence delirium. However, dexmedetomidine has been shown to be a safe and effective choice above the current pharmacological alternatives in the pediatric population.
Building a Pediatric Perioperative Surgical Home
Authors: Robinson Renee , Schriefer Jan , Gloff Marjorie , Michels Julie , Webber Audra , Hilt Suzanne , Sanders James , Herman Emily 
Published: June 2018

Introduction
The pediatric perioperative surgical home (PPSH) is a population health management model designed to provide a seamless experience for children and their families undergoing surgical procedures. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to evaluate the feasibility and utility of implementing a PPSH at an academic medical center.

Method
A multidisciplinary team was formed, composed of representatives from nursing, surgery, anesthesiology, and perioperative medicine. This group developed a comprehensive preoperative screening tool designed for early identification of patient barriers before elective surgery.
The screening tool was developed with input from multiple pediatric subspecialists. At the initial surgical visit, patients and families are encouraged to complete this screening tool. The screening tool was piloted to 74 patients (46 completed) in a pediatric orthopedic clinic for an 8-month period. Existing tools in the electronic medical record system were identified to assist with care coordination perioperatively.

Result
In comparing our baseline period (2016, n = 174) with the early implementation phase of our PPSH (2017, n = 188), unplanned readmission rates decreased from 4.0% to 2% (p = .011), and surgical site infections decreased from 3.5% to 2.3% (p = .002), whereas unplanned return to operating room and average length of stay remained the same.

Conclusion
Information obtained within a PPSH informs the entire team of important factors that could influence perioperative care. A PPSH serves to make the health care team more efficient and may also be associated with a reduction in complications, cost, and time spent in the hospital.
Physiology of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Stagg Charlotte J. , Antal Andrea , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Direct current stimulation is a neuromodulatory noninvasive brain stimulation tool, which was first introduced in animal and human experiments in the 1950s, and added to the standard arsenal of methods to alter brain physiology as well as psychological, motor, and behavioral processes and clinical symptoms in neurological and psychiatric diseases about 20 years ago. In contrast to other noninvasive brain stimulation tools, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, it does not directly induce cerebral activity, but rather alters spontaneous brain activity and excitability by subthreshold modulation of neuronal membranes. Beyond acute effects on brain functions, specific protocols are suited to induce long-lasting alterations of cortical excitability and activity, which share features with long-term potentiation and depression. These neuroplastic processes are important foundations for various cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation and are pathologically altered in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. This explains the increasing interest to investigate transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a therapeutic tool. However, for tDCS to be used effectively, it is crucial to be informed about physiological mechanisms of action. These have been increasingly elucidated during the last years. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge available regarding physiological mechanisms of tDCS, spanning from acute regional effects, over neuroplastic effects to its impact on cerebral networks. Although knowledge about the physiological effects of tDCS is still not complete, this might help to guide applications on a scientifically sound foundation.
Effect of Hf-doping on electrochemical performance of anatase TiO
2
as an anode material for lithium storage
Authors: Gnedenkov Sergey V. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Zheleznov Veniamin V. , Opra Denis P. , Voit Elena I. , Modin Evgeny B. , Sokolov Alexander A. , Yu. Ustinov Alexander , Sergienko Valentin I. 
Published: June 2018

Hafnium-doped titania (Hf/Ti = 0.01; 0.03; 0.05) had been facilely synthesized via a template sol–gel method on carbon fibre. Physico-chemical properties of the as-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements. It was confirmed that Hf
4+
substitute in the Ti
4+
sites, forming Ti

1–
x

Hf

x

O
2
(
x
= 0.01; 0.03; 0.05) solid solutions with an anatase crystal structure. The Ti

1–
x

Hf

x

O
2
materials are hollow microtubes (length of 10–100 µm, outer diameter of 1–5 µm) composed of nanoparticles (average size of 15–20 nm) with a surface area of 80–90 m
2
g
–1
and pore volume of 0.294–0.372 cm
3
g
–1
. The effect of Hf ion incorporation on the electrochemical behaviour of anatase TiO
2
in the Li-ion battery anode was investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was established that Ti
0.95
Hf
0.05
O
2
shows significantly higher reversibility (154.2 mAh g
–1
) after 35-fold cycling at a
C
/10 rate in comparison with undoped titania (55.9 mAh g
–1
). The better performance offered by Hf
4+
substitution of the Ti
4+
into anatase TiO
2
mainly results from a more open crystal structure, which has been achieved via the difference in ionic radius values of Ti
4+
(0.604 Å) and Hf
4+
(0.71 Å). The obtained results are in good accord with those for anatase TiO
2
doped with Zr
4+
(0.72 Å), published earlier. Furthermore, improved electrical conductivity of Hf-doped anatase TiO
2
materials owing to charge redistribution in the lattice and enhanced interfacial lithium storage owing to increased surface area directly depending on the Hf/Ti atomic ratio have a beneficial effect on electrochemical properties.
Multi-scale investigation of the formation and properties of high-grade rutile TiO
2
from titanium slags using microwave heating
Authors: Chen Guo , Pu Jing , Chen Jin , Peng Jinhui , Srinivasakannan C. , Ruan Rongsheng 
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the phase transition of titanium slag under microwave heating observed through electron microscopy was systematically investigated. The phase identification and transformation as well as the morphology of samples before and after each treatment were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD confirmed that sodium salt roasting could modify the phase composition of titanium slag. The microwave roasting in the presence of sodium salt increased the rutile TiO
2
with high crystallinity after acid leaching. The Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the phase transition of titanium slag from anosovite to rutile TiO
2
after a series of treatments, and the SEM analyses showed that the surface of calcined products grew plenty of rutile TiO
2
with typical characteristics. The results indicate a successful process for an effective and efficient way for the utilization of both titanium slag and preparation of rutile TiO
2
.