bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic Digestion of Serum Cardiac Troponin I as Marker of Ischemic Severity
Authors: Zahran Somaya , Figueiredo Vivian P , Graham Michelle M , Schulz Richard , Hwang Peter M 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The serum troponin assay is the biochemical gold standard for detecting myocardial infarction (MI). A major diagnostic issue is that some believe troponin levels can rise with reversible injury, in the absence of radiologically detectable infarct.

Hypothesis
Because cell death activates intracellular proteases, troponin released by irreversible infarct will be more proteolyzed than that released by milder processes. Our goal was to quantify proteolytic digestion of cardiac troponin I in patients with varying degrees of myocardial injury.

Methods
Serum or plasma samples from 29 patients with cardiac troponin I elevations were analyzed for proteolytic degradation, using 3 different sandwich ELISAs designed to specifically detect the N-terminal, core, or C-terminal regions of cardiac troponin I.

Results
As predicted, the degree of proteolytic digestion increased with increasing severity of injury, as estimated by the total troponin level, and this trend was more pronounced for C-terminal (vs N-terminal) degradation. The highest degree of proteolytic digestion was observed in patients with ST-elevation MI; the least, in type 2 MI (supply–demand ischemia rather than acute thrombus formation).

Conclusions
The proteolytic degradation pattern of cardiac troponin I may be a better indicator of clinically significant MI than total serum troponin level. Distinguishing between intact and degraded forms of troponin may be useful for (a) identifying those patients with clinically significant infarct in need of revascularization, (b) monitoring intracellular proteolysis as a possible target for therapeutic intervention, and (c) providing an impetus for standardizing the epitopes used in the troponin I assay.
Selecting a Structural Analog as an Internal Standard for the Quantification of 6-Methylmercaptopurine by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Smith Kathryn A , Merrigan Stephen D , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
When choosing an analog internal standard (IS) in a quantitative LC-MS/MS assay, careful selection and thorough verification are important for developing an accurate quantitative assay. The IS is a critical component in quantitative mass spectrometry because it is used to normalize results by compensating for variations in sample preparation and instrument performance. Here we present the results of our investigation in the selection process for a structural analog IS (SA-IS) to be used in the quantification of 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) in cytolysed red blood cell (RBC).

Methods
A cocktail solution of 9 SA-ISs including the isotopically labeled structural isomer and the 6-MMP stable isotope-labeled IS (SIL-IS) was spiked into cytolysed RBC controls and patient samples. Linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, precision, run stability, method comparison, and reinjection reproducibility experiments were performed. Ion suppression was also assessed by T-infusing the cocktail solution.

Results
All analogs were linear from 100 to 1200 ng/mL 6-MMP with acceptable precision and sensitivity by use of a spiked blank lysate. Method comparison plots of 6-MMP concentrations in patient samples had excellent agreement for 2 of the SA-ISs (i.e., the isotopically labeled structural isomer and an SA-IS with an added methyl group) when compared to the SIL-IS. Halogen-substituted analogs (i.e., Cl and Br) also met the criteria as an acceptable IS. However, 2 of the selected SA-ISs having substituted amine moieties showed unacceptable performance, with ≥15% bias when compared to the SIL-IS.

Conclusion
There are many parameters to consider when determining if an analog will be a good IS choice, and the approaches highlighted in this article can be applied to the selection of SA-IS in the development of other LC-MS/MS assays.
Motivations for and against second-hand clothing acquisition
Authors: Laitala Kirsi , Klepp Ingun Grimstad 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
One of the possibilities consumers have for more sustainable clothing acquisition is to select pre-owned products. This article explores consumers’ motivations for clothing reuse: why they choose or do not choose to acquire second-hand clothing. First, a taxonomy of motivation categories based on previous studies is presented. This demonstrates that similar properties can be used as arguments both for and against acquisition of second-hand clothing. An analysis of a representative sample of Norwegian consumers shows that both environmental and economic reasons are important for those who take part in informal clothing circulation. Uniqueness and style are more important for those who buy second-hand clothing. Those who do not take part in any of the forms of acquisition of used clothing, use vague and open justifications, as well as contextual aspects; hygiene, health and intimacy. Previous studies have mostly been based on how clothing is reused as part of a market exchange, and therefore the motives have been embedded with a rational choice understanding of consumption. Studies of the private exchange of clothing should also address additional reasons such as routinized practices and established rituals, family ties, feelings, friendship and love. The article concludes with an invitation for further research to explore several possible motivations that are more relevant for private circulation of clothes.
Influence of Perceptions of Sleep on Well-Being in Youth Athletes
Authors: Sawczuk Thomas , Jones Ben , Scantlebury Sean , Till Kevin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Sawczuk, T, Jones, B, Scantlebury, S, and Till, K. Influence of perceptions of sleep on well-being in youth athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1066–1073, 2021—To date, most research considering well-being questionnaires has only considered the training stress imposed on the athlete, without evaluating the questionnaire's relationship with a measure of recovery (e.g., sleep). This study aimed to assess the influence of sleep duration (Sduration), sleep quality (Squality), and sleep index (Sindex; Sduration × Squality) on well-being in youth athletes, while accounting for the known training stressors of training load and exposure to match play. Forty-eight youth athletes (age 17.3 ± 0.5 years) completed a daily questionnaire including well-being (DWBno-sleep; fatigue, muscle soreness, stress, and mood) measures, Perceived Recovery Status Scale (PRS), the previous day's training loads, Sduration, and Squality every day for 13 weeks. Linear mixed models assessed the impact of Sduration, Squality, and Sindex on DWBno-sleep, its individual subscales, and PRS. Sduration had a small effect on DWBno-sleep (d = 0.31; ±0.09), fatigue (d = 0.42; ±0.11), and PRS (d = 0.25; ±0.09). Squality had a small effect on DWBno-sleep (d = 0.47; ±0.08), fatigue (d = 0.53; ±0.11), stress (d = 0.35; ±0.07), mood (d = 0.41; ±0.09), and PRS (d = 0.37; ±0.08). Sindex had a small effect on DWBno-sleep (d = 0.44; ±0.08), fatigue (d = 0.55; ±0.11), stress (d = 0.29; ±0.07), mood (d = 0.37; ±0.09), and PRS (d = 0.36; ±0.09). The results indicate that an athlete's perceptions of sleep are associated with deviations in well-being measures and should be used as an input to the monitoring process rather than as part of the outcome well-being score. The sleep index is suggested as a potential input because it provides information on both the duration and quality of the sleep experienced.
National Scouting Combine Scores as Performance Predictors in the National Football League
Authors: Vincent Lisa M. , Blissmer Bryan J. , Hatfield Disa L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Vincent, LM, Blissmer, BJ, and Hatfield, DL. National Scouting Combine scores as performance predictors in the National Football League. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 104–111, 2019—The National Football League (NFL) hosts an annual scouting combine to evaluate the approximately 300 elite college football players who are most likely to be selected in the upcoming NFL draft. Given the public interest, player obligations, coaching staff commitments, and business aspects of the combine, several questions have arose in recent years concerning the applicability of combine scores to eventual draft NFL performance. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between specified National Scouting Combine (NSC) scores and measures of performance by player position. A secondary aim was to determine whether correlated variables could predict player performance at the quarterback (QB), running back (RB), wide receiver (WR), defensive end (DE), defensive tackle (DT), and linebacker (LB) positions. Subjects in this study were combine participants between the years 2005–2010 who subsequently played in the NFL. The positional groups investigated were QBs (N = 44), RBs (N = 82), WRs (N = 116), LBs (N = 139), DEs (N = 59), and DTs (N = 72). Combine raw scores for 40-yd dash time, countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ) height, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, and pro-agility time were recorded. Measures of horizontal and vertical power were calculated for the 40-yd dash and CMVJ. Combine scores and on-field positional statistics for the first 4 years for QBs and 3 years of all other players' careers were analyzed to investigate relationships. Significant correlations were shown between at least one combine measure and on-field success at every position. Hierarchal regression showed combine measures could predict between 4% and 62% of the variance for individual on-field variables. Quarterback rushing yards were significantly correlated with 40T, CMVJ, vertical jump power (VJP), vertical jump relative power (VJRP), and horizontal power (HP), and those factors accounted for 62.2% of the total variance. Horizontal power and VJP were predictive of QB rushing attempts (r
2 = 0.370). At RB, 40T and SLJ combined were predictive of total rushing yards (r
2 = 0.200), rushing attempts (r
2 = 0.195), and yards per game (r
2 = 0.197). Power variables were predictive of total tackles for DEs' 40HP (r
2 = 0.096) and VJP (r
2 = 0.018), accounting for a total of 21% of the variance. The current study suggests that combine tests are modest predictors of future performance. Should the NFL change the current NSC testing battery, the addition of horizontal and vertical power measurements, as well as position-specific skill tests are recommended.
Seasonal Changes in the Physical Performance of Elite Youth Female Soccer Players
Authors: Emmonds Stacey , Sawczuk Tom , Scantlebury Sean , Till Kev , Jones Ben 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Emmonds, S, Sawczuk, T, Scantlebury, S, Till, K, and Jones, B. Seasonal changes in the physical performance of elite youth female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2636–2643, 2020—This study investigated the seasonal change in physical performance of 113 (Under 10: U10 [n = 20], U12 [n = 30], U14 [n = 31], and U16 [n = 32]) elite youth female soccer players. Players completed testing pre-, mid-, and post-season, including speed (10- and 30-m sprint), change of direction (CoD; 505 test), power (countermovement jump [CMJ]), strength (isometric midthigh pull), and aerobic capacity (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 [YYIRL1]). A general linear model was used to evaluate the change in physical characteristics and the influence of covariates (baseline performance; change in maturity status) on each characteristic across the season. U10's speed and CoD performance decreased from pre-post season, whereas relative strength likely improved. U12's relative strength very likely improved; however, 10-m sprint performance decreased. Relative strength likely decreased, whereas 30-m sprint and CoD time very likely improved in U14's. U16's likely improved relative strength, CMJ, and 10-m sprint, and very likely improved 30-m sprint and CoD from pre-post season. U12–U16's improved YYIRL1 performance pre-post season. Strength and conditioning coaches working with U10–U12 players should look to develop speed, lower-body power, and CoD ability as part of structured strength and conditioning sessions as well as within warm-ups before pitch-based sessions. With U14–U16 players' manipulation of small-sided games combined with short-duration high-intensity running drills may provide an efficient training stimulus to develop the aerobic system while concurrently developing technical/tactical skills. Findings of this study provide a basis for the implementation of strategies to enhance the long-term athletic development of youth female soccer players.
Cerebellar Role in Predictive Control of Eye Velocity Initiation and Termination
Authors: Miki Shuntaro , Baker Robert , Hirata Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

Predictive motor control is essential to achieve rapid and precise motor action in all vertebrates. Visuomotor transformations have been a popular model system to study the underlying neural mechanisms, in particular, the role of the cerebellum in both predictive and gain adaptations. In all species, large-field visual motion produces an involuntary conjugate ocular movement facilitating gaze stabilization called the optokinetic response. Gain adaptation can be induced by prolonged optokinetic visual stimulation; and if the visual stimulation is temporally periodic, predictive behavior emerges. Two predictive timing components were identifiable in this behavior. The first was prediction of stimulus initiation (when to move) and the other was stimulus termination (when to stop). We designed visual training that allowed us to evaluate initiation and termination independently that included the recording of cerebellar activity followed by acute and chronic cerebellar removal in goldfish of both sexes. We found that initiation and termination predictions were present in the cerebellum and more robust than conflicting visual sensory signals. Each prediction could be acquired independently, and both the acquisition and maintenance of each component were cerebellar-dependent. Subsequent analysis of the neuronal connectivity strongly supports the hypothesis that the acquired eye velocity behaviors were dependent on feedforward velocity buildup signals from the brainstem, but the adaptive timing mechanism itself originates within the circuitry of the cerebellum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPredictive and rapid motor control is essential in our daily life, such as in the playing of musical instruments or sports. The current work evaluates timing of a visuomotor behavior shown to be similar in humans as well as goldfish. Given the latter species' known brainstem cerebellar neuronal connectivity and experimental advantage, it was possible to demonstrate the cerebellum to be necessary for acquisition and maintenance of both the initiation and termination components of when to move and to stop. All evidence in this study points to the adaptive predictive control site to lie within the cerebellar circuitry.
Thalamocortical and Intracortical Inputs Differentiate Layer-Specific Mouse Auditory Corticocollicular Neurons
Authors: Slater Bernard J. , Sons Stacy K. , Yudintsev Georgiy , Lee Christopher M. , Llano Daniel A. 
Published: October 2018

Long-range descending projections from the auditory cortex play key roles in shaping response properties in the inferior colliculus. The auditory corticocollicular projection is massive and heterogeneous, with axons emanating from cortical layers 5 and 6, and plays a key role in directing plastic changes in the inferior colliculus. However, little is known about the cortical and thalamic networks within which corticocollicular neurons are embedded. Here, laser scanning photostimulation glutamate uncaging and photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 were used to probe the local and long-range network differences between preidentified layer 5 and layer 6 auditory corticocollicular neurons from male and female micein vitro. Layer 5 corticocollicular neurons were found to vertically integrate supragranular excitatory and inhibitory input to a substantially greater degree than their layer 6 counterparts. In addition, all layer 5 corticocollicular neurons received direct and large thalamic inputs from channelrhodopsin-2-labeled thalamocortical fibers, whereas such inputs were less common in layer 6 corticocollicular neurons. Finally, a new low-calcium/synaptic blockade approach to separate direct from indirect inputs using laser photostimulation was validated. These data demonstrate that layer 5 and 6 corticocollicular neurons receive distinct sets of cortical and thalamic inputs, supporting the hypothesis that they have divergent roles in modulating the inferior colliculus. Furthermore, the direct connection between the auditory thalamus and layer 5 corticocollicular neurons reveals a novel and rapid link connecting ascending and descending pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDescending projections from the cortex play a critical role in shaping the response properties of sensory neurons. The projection from the auditory cortex to the inferior colliculus is a massive, yet poorly understood, pathway emanating from two distinct cortical layers. Here we show, using a range of optical techniques, that mouse auditory corticocollicular neurons from different layers are embedded into different cortical and thalamic networks. Specifically, we observed that layer 5 corticocollicular neurons integrate information across cortical lamina and receive direct thalamic input. The latter connection provides a hyperdirect link between acoustic sensation and descending control, thus demonstrating a novel mechanism for rapid “online” modulation of sensory perception.
Ultrasound Guidance for Pediatric Central Venous Catheterization: A Meta-analysis
Authors: de Souza Tiago Henrique , Brandão Marcelo Barciela , Nadal José Antonio Hersan , Nogueira Roberto José Negrão 
Published: October 2018

CONTEXT:
Central venous catheterization is routinely required in patients who are critically ill, and it carries an associated morbidity. In pediatric patients, the procedures can be difficult and challenging, predominantly because of their anatomic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether ultrasound-guided techniques are associated with a reduced incidence of failures and complications when compared with the anatomic landmark technique.

DATA SOURCES:
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Embase.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies in which researchers compare ultrasound guidance with the anatomic landmark technique in children who underwent central venous catheterization.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Study characteristics, sample sizes, participant characteristics, settings, descriptions of the ultrasound technique, puncture sites, and outcomes were analyzed. Pooled analyses were performed by using random-effects models.

RESULTS:
A total of 23 studies (3995 procedures) were included. Meta-analysis revealed that ultrasound guidance significantly reduced the risk of cannulation failure (odds ratio = 0.27; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.43), with significant heterogeneity seen among the studies. Ultrasound guidance also significantly reduced the incidence of arterial punctures (odds ratio = 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.21–0.55), without significant heterogeneity seen among the studies. Similar results were observed for femoral and internal jugular veins.

LIMITATIONS:
Potential publication bias for cannulation failure and arterial puncture was detected among the studies. However, no publication bias was observed when analyzing only the subgroup of randomized clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ultrasound-guided techniques are associated with a reduced incidence of failures and inadvertent arterial punctures in pediatric central venous catheterization when compared with the anatomic landmark technique.
COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO E ANÁLISE ESPACIAL EM DADOS DE pH, EM BOTUCATU-SP
Authors: Bucene Luciana Corpas , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes 
Published: October 2018

COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE INTERPOLAÇÃO E ANÁLISE ESPACIAL EM DADOS DE pH, EM BOTUCATU-SP1 Luciana Corpas BuceneFaculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP. CP 6011, CEP 13083-970. E-mail: luciana.bucene@agr.unicamp.brCélia Regina Lopes ZimbackDepartamento de Recursos Naturais ,Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas,Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP. CP 237, CEP 18603-970. E-mail: czimback@fca.unesp.br 1 RESUMO O termo Modelo Numérico do Terreno (MNT) é utilizado para denotar a representação quantitativa de uma grandeza que varia continuamente no espaço. Podem ser utilizados para modelar informações relativas às propriedades do solo, como pH do solo. Nesse sentido, a análise espacial oferece uma complexa quantidade de ferramentas que fornecem estimativas para locais não amostrados, servindo-se de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG’s). Algumas técnicas de interpolação de dados são comumente utilizadas para interpolação de dados pontuais para locais não amostrados. Neste trabalho, comparou-se dois métodos de interpolação de dados, através de técnicas de geoestatísticas, avaliando o método da Krigagem e o método do Quadrado do Inverso da Distância, utilizando-se do interpolador Interpol, ambos disponíveis no SIG IDRISI, para a obtenção do Modelo Numérico do Terreno. Os resultados indicam que o método pela Krigagem é mais acentuado por representar uma superfície contínua e com boa distribuição, numa estrutura de semivariância que permitiu um ajuste cuja correlação entre valores observados e preditos foi de 0.9001, sugerindo uma possibilidade de estimar valores não amostrados de forma confiável. UNITERMOS: Interpolação de dados, geoestatística, quadrado do inverso da distância e Krigagem. BUCENE, L. C., ZIMBACK, C. R. L. COMPARISON OF INTERPOLATION AND SPACIAL ANALYSIS METHOD IN PH SOIL DATA, IN BOTUCATU-SP 2 ABSTRACT The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) term has been used for a greatness quantitative representation which varies continuously in the space. It can be used for information modeling related to soil properties such as pH soil . Thus, spatial analysis offers a complex number of tools which provide estimates for non-sampled places through Geographical Information System (GIS). Some data interpolation techniques have been usually used for punctual data in non-sampled places. In this work two data interpolation methods have been compared using geostatistics techniques in order to evaluate the Kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods. The Interpol interpolator has been used to have the Digital Elevation Model, both available at SIG IDRISI. The results showed that the Kriging method is more accentuated due to a continuous surface representation and good distribution. The 0.9001 correlation between estimated and observed data has been obtained suggesting a reliable data estimating possibility for non-sampled values. KEYWORDS: Data interpolation, geostatistics, inverse distance weighting and Kriging.