bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ge Hong’s Zhuang zi
Authors: Bumbacher Stephan Peter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Sinology, as far as textual criticism is concerned, is still in its infancy compared with, e. g., New Testament, classical Greek or European medieval studies. Whereas virtually every ancient Greek, old English, or early German text – to name but a few – has been the subject of text critical scrutiny, in many cases even since Renaissance times, the same does not hold true for Chinese works. In the absence of early manuscripts they could themselves base upon, modern editions of classical Chinese texts usually take as their starting point the earliest extant printed versions which quite often date from Song times and are thus separated by many centuries from the no longer available originals. However, quite often testimonies of ancient texts exist as quotations in works that considerably predate the first printed versions of the texts in question. In view of this fact, virtually every classical Chinese text needs to be systematically re-examined and critically edited by taking into account every available explicit as well as implicit quotation.
As the received version of the Zhuang zi 莊子 (Master Zhuang), a text whose origins may lie in the third century BCE, ultimately goes back to Guo Xiang’s 郭象 (ob. 312) editorial activities and as Ge Hong 葛洪 (283–343) was an author active at about the same time, there is a chance that a pre-Guo Xiang version may have been available to him. Therefore, as a case study, this paper examines the explicit as well as implicit Zhuang zi quotations to be found within Ge Hong’s works, in order to examine this possibility.
A Review of Boron-Rich Silicon Borides Basedon Thermodynamic Stability and Transport Properties of High-Temperature Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Imam Muhammad A , Reddy Ramana G 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the performance of a boron-rich Si-B system containing ~ 2–25 mol% Si is reviewed as a high-temperature thermoelectric material. In this review, both thermodynamic stability and transport properties are evaluated to understand the high-temperature thermoelectric performance of the Si-B system. The thermodynamic properties, such as Gibbs energy and activity coefficient, of the Si-B system were calculated and compared to the literature data. Thermoelectric properties such as Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity were reviewed for the Si-B system. It is found that the composition and processing techniques are critical for obtaining higher thermoelectrical properties and thus also true for the figure of merit ZT. The entropy (degree of randomness) of a system has a remarkable effect on ZT. The highest ZT obtained for this system is approximately 0.2 at 90% B (SiB6+ SiBn) containing SiBnphase, shows the lowest entropy (~32 J/mol*K) in this system at 1100 K.
The discursive construction of high achievers’ identities in American culture
Authors: Bogdanowska-Jakubowska Ewa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is a study of the discursive construction of high achievers’ identities in American culture. A corpus of 100 commencement speeches delivered during 2016 and 2017 graduation ceremonies in American universities has been used to analyse how commencement speakers, as a rule highly successful individuals, construct their identities through discourse. Besides celebrating academic achievements, one of the communicative purposes of the commencement speech is giving the graduates advice for the future. It has been investigated how the speakers legitimize their qualifications as a role model and the source of life wisdom. Due to the specificity of the discourse to be investigated, based on the foundations of American ethos of hard work and drive for success, Critical Discourse Analysis (van Dijk 2002, 2009; Wodak 2002; Wodak et al. 2009) has been chosen as a methodological approach which can most adequately help analyze the discursive formation of identity. As the discourse to be analyzed is agentive discourse, culture-specific both in its form and content, I have decided to combine Critical Discourse Analysis with cultural studies (Hall 1990, 1996a, 1996b; Barker and Galasiński 2001).
Die Klassenzusammensetzung der Regierungswählerschaft: Soziale Klassen, Parteiendifferenz und Sozialstaatstätigkeit
Authors: Hillen Sven 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDie Parteiendifferenztheorie geht davon aus, dass die Sozialpolitik linker und rechter Regierungen sich unterscheidet, weil ihre jeweiligen Elektorate unterschiedliche sozialpolitische Präferenzen haben. Die sozialstrukturelle Zusammensetzung dieser Elektorate hat sich jedoch im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte stark verändert. Die Implikationen dieser Veränderungen wurden in der Diskussion um parteipolitische Effekte auf die Sozialstaatstätigkeit bislang kaum berücksichtigt. Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht, ob die sozialstrukturelle Komposition des Regierungselektorats die Sozialpolitik beeinflusst und ob etwaige Effekte von der Regierungszusammensetzung abhängen. Diese Fragen werden für 16 westeuropäische Länder zwischen 1975 und 2011 anhand der Lohnersatzraten für Arbeitslosigkeit und Elternzeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein höherer Arbeiteranteil in der Wählerschaft der Regierung nur dann zu einer Erhöhung der Lohnersatzrate für Arbeitslosigkeit führt, wenn die Regierung von linken Parteien dominiert wird. Regierungen, in denen linke und rechte Parteien etwa gleich stark vertreten sind, erhöhen den Lohnersatz während der Elternzeit stärker als Regierungen, die von linken oder rechten Parteien dominiert werden. Dieser positive Effekt ausgeglichener Regierungen ist umso größer, je höher der Anteil der Mittelklasse in ihrem Elektorat ist.
Lieber krank und arbeitslos als „nur“ arbeitslos? Die Auswirkungen der Medikalisierung von arbeitslosen Personen auf Stigmatisierungsprozesse
Authors: Linden Philipp , Reibling Nadine , Krayter Stephan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Die Integration von (langzeit-)arbeitslosen Personen ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik. Aktivierung und die damit verknüpfte Konditionalität von Sozialleistungen haben bedeutende Implikationen für die Wahrnehmung von arbeitslosen Personen, die immer häufiger Stigmatisierungen erleben. Gesundheitliche Einschränkungen oder Behinderungen, die als einziger Grund für die Anerkennung einer (befristet) eingeschränkten Beschäftigungsfähigkeit gelten und eine Verknüpfung von Sozialleistungsbezug und Freistellung von der verpflichtenden Arbeitsaufnahme ermöglichen, erhalten damit eine neue Bedeutung. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob die Medikalisierung der Arbeitslosigkeit Stigmatisierung verringert. Wir untersuchen daher mit Daten des Panels „Arbeitsmarkt und soziale Sicherung“ (PASS) den Einfluss der Freistellung auf die wahrgenommene Stigmatisierung. Entropie-balancierte, multivariate OLS-Regressionen zeigen kein signifikant vermindertes Stigma für freigestellte Personen.
Characterization of Dmrt3-Derived Neurons Suggest a Role within Locomotor Circuits
Authors: Perry Sharn , Larhammar Martin , Vieillard Jennifer , Nagaraja Chetan , Hilscher Markus M. , Tafreshiha Atieh , Rofo Fadi , Caixeta Fabio V. , Kullander Klas 
Published: December 2018

Neuronal networks within the spinal cord, collectively known as the central pattern generator (CPG), coordinate rhythmic movements underlying locomotion. The transcription factor doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) is involved in the differentiation of the dorsal interneuron 6 class of spinal cord interneurons. In horses, a non-sense mutation in theDmrt3gene has major effects on gaiting ability, whereas mice lacking theDmrt3gene display impaired locomotor activity. Although theDmrt3gene is necessary for normal spinal network formation and function in mice, a direct role forDmrt3-derived neurons in locomotor-related activities has not been demonstrated. Here we present the characteristics of theDmrt3-derived spinal cord interneurons. Using transgenic mice of both sexes, we characterized interneurons labeled by their expression of Cre driven by the endogenousDmrt3promoter. We used molecular, retrograde tracing and electrophysiological techniques to examine the anatomical, morphological, and electrical properties of the Dmrt3-Cre neurons. We demonstrate that inhibitory Dmrt3-Cre neurons receive extensive synaptic inputs, innervate surrounding CPG neurons, intrinsically regulate CPG neuron's electrical activity, and are rhythmically active during fictive locomotion, bursting at frequencies independent to the ventral root output. The present study provides novel insights on the character of spinalDmrt3-derived neurons, data demonstrating that these neurons participate in locomotor coordination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this work, we provide evidence for a role of the Dmrt3 interneurons in spinal cord locomotor circuits as well as molecular and functional insights on the cellular and microcircuit level of the Dmrt3-expressing neurons in the spinal cord. Dmrt3 neurons provide the first example of an interneuron population displaying different oscillation frequencies. This study presents novel findings on an under-reported population of spinal cord neurons, which will aid in deciphering the locomotor network and will facilitate the design and development of therapeutics for spinal cord injury and motor disorders.
Behavioral Role of the Reciprocal Inhibition between a Pair of Mauthner Cells during Fast Escapes in Zebrafish
Authors: Shimazaki Takashi , Tanimoto Masashi , Oda Yoichi , Higashijima Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2018

During many behaviors in vertebrates, the CNS generates asymmetric activities between the left and right sides to produce asymmetric body movements. For asymmetrical activations of the CNS, reciprocal inhibition between the left and right sides is believed to play a key role. However, the complexity of the CNS makes it difficult to identify the reciprocal inhibition circuits at the level of individual cells and the contribution of each neuron to the asymmetric activity. Using larval zebrafish, we examined this issue by investigating reciprocal inhibition circuits between a pair of Mauthner (M) cells, giant reticulospinal neurons that trigger fast escapes. Previous studies have shown that a class of excitatory neurons, called cranial relay neurons, is involved in the reciprocal inhibition pathway between the M cells. Using transgenic fish, in which two of the cranial relay neurons (Ta1 and Ta2) expressed GFP, we showed that Ta1 and Ta2 constitute major parts of the pathway. In larvae in which Ta1/Ta2 were laser-ablated, the amplitude of the reciprocal IPSPs dropped to less than one-third. Calcium imaging and electrophysiological recording showed that the occurrence probability of bilateral M-cell activation upon sound/vibration stimuli was greatly increased in the Ta1/Ta2-ablated larvae. Behavioral experiments revealed that the Ta1/Ta2 ablation resulted in shallower body bends during sound/vibration-evoked escapes, which is consistent with the observation that increased occurrence of bilateral M-cell activation impaired escape performance. Our study revealed major components of the reciprocal inhibition circuits in the M cell system and the behavioral importance of the circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReciprocal inhibition between the left and right side of the CNS is considered imperative for producing asymmetric movements in animals. It has been difficult, however, to identify the circuits at the individual cell level and their role in behavior. Here, we address this problem by examining the reciprocal inhibition circuits of the hindbrain Mauthner (M) cell system in larval zebrafish. We determined that two paired interneurons play a critical role in the reciprocal inhibition between the paired M cells and that the reciprocal inhibition prevents bilateral firing of the M cells and is thus necessary for the full body bend during M cell-initiated escape. Further, we discussed the cooperation of multiple reciprocal inhibitions working in the hindbrain and spinal cord to ensure high-performance escapes.
Identifying Pseudomonas syringae Type III Secreted Effector Function via a Yeast Genomic Screen
Authors: Lee Amy Huei-Yi , Bastedo D Patrick , Youn Ji-Young , Lo Timothy , Middleton Maggie A , Kireeva Inga , Lee Jee Yeon , Sharifpoor Sara , Baryshnikova Anastasia , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Pauline W , Peisajovich Sergio G , Constanzo Michael , Andrews Brenda J , Boone Charles M , Desveaux Darrell , Guttman David S 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial pathogens inject type III secreted effectors (T3SEs) directly into host cells to promote pathogen fitness by manipulating host cellular processes. Despite their crucial role in promoting virulence, relatively few T3SEs have well-characterized enzymatic activities or host targets. This is in part due to functional redundancy within pathogen T3SE repertoires as well as the promiscuity of individual T3SEs that can have multiple host targets. To overcome these challenges, we generated and characterized a collection of yeast strains stably expressing 75 T3SE constructs from the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. This collection is devised to facilitate heterologous genetic screens in yeast, a non-host organism, to identify T3SEs that target conserved eukaryotic processes. Among 75 T3SEs tested, we identified 16 that inhibited yeast growth on rich media and eight that inhibited growth on stress-inducing media. We utilized Pathogenic Genetic Array (PGA) screens to identify potential host targets of P. syringae T3SEs. We focused on the acetyltransferase, HopZ1a, which interacts with plant tubulin and alters microtubule networks. To uncover putative HopZ1a host targets, we identified yeast genes with genetic interaction profiles most similar (i.e., congruent) to the PGA profile of HopZ1a and performed a functional enrichment analysis of these HopZ1a-congruent genes. We compared the congruence analyses above to previously described HopZ physical interaction datasets and identified kinesins as potential HopZ1a targets. Finally, we demonstrated that HopZ1a can target kinesins by acetylating the plant kinesins HINKEL and MKRP1, illustrating the utility of our T3SE-expressing yeast library to characterize T3SE functions.
Calidades, castas y razas en el México virreinal: el uso de categorías y clasificaciones de las poblaciones de origen africano
Authors: Gutiérrez María Elisa Velázquez 
Published: December 2018

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de reflexionar sobre las formas de clasificar y catalogar a las personas de origen africano en las distintas etapas del periodo colonial (1521-1821) de acuerdo con la estructura corporativa y estamental característica del virreinato de la Nueva España, pero también de las ideas que existieron sobre lo que significó la nación, las castas, las calidades o las razas. Para ello, primero se hará una pequeña semblanza histórica de la importancia de las personas de origen africano en el México virreinal y las diversas circunstancias que vivieron. Después se analizará el significado y las diferencias entre las concepciones sobre nación, calidad, castas o raza con el fin de comprender que estos conceptos tuvieron diferentes funciones de acuerdo con la época y a su relación con hechos como el auge del comercio de personas africanas. Finalmente se darán ejemplos de los usos de las categorías y formas de clasificar mostrando la complejidad, arbitrariedad y poca consistencia de estas denominaciones en una sociedad que, pese a la desigualdad económica y social, tenía posibilidades de movilidad y de tener relaciones con otros grupos sociales y culturales, formando familias y recreando culturas. *** Qualidade, castas e raça no México: uso de categorias e classificações das populações afro descendentes ***Este artigo analisa as classificações e catalogações da população afrodescendente durante o Vice-Reino na Nova Espanha (1521-1821), assim como explora o significado e limitações dos conceitos de nação, casta, qualidade e raça. O texto inicia com uma discussão sobre a importância histórica da presença africana e de seus descendentes no Vice-Reino da Nova Espanha, no atual México, e suas condições de vida. Posteriormente, o texto examina as diferentes definições dos conceitos de nação, qualidade, casta e raça. Esses conceitos tiveram funções e usos variados e é importante considerar como estavam relacionados com a expansão do comércio de africanos escravizados. Finalmente, exemplos de usos de categorias e formas de classificação irão detalhar a complexidade, arbitrariedade e pouca consistência dessas denominações em uma sociedade que, apesar da desigualdade social e econômica, apresentava mecanismos de mobilidade e possibilitava a interação entre diversos grupos sociais e culturais, o que favoreceu a formação de famílias e novas expressões culturais.Palavras-chave: afrodescendentes; castas; classificações; México.
Understanding the Internet of Nano Things: overview, trends, and challenges
Authors: Cruz Alvarado Mainor Alberto , Bazán Patricia Alejandra 
Published: December 2018

Over the years, technological advancements have led to rapid growth of smart environments (offices, homes, cities, etc.). The increase of intelligent environments suggests the interconnectivity of applications and the use of the Internet. For this reason, arise what is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). The expansion of the IoT concept gives access to the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). A new communication networks paradigm based on nanotechnology and IoT, in other words, a paradigm with the capacity to interconnect nano-scale devices through existing networks. This new paradigm so-called IoNT is presented to the world as an option for various fields of application. Therefore, new challenges and research opportunities have arisen. Consequently, this work aims to investigate state of the art and analyze trends for the use of IoNT, its application and future challenges in different fields of social interest, because IoNT is presented as an option for research with the capacities needed to get involved in many fields of social welfare. It is concluded that technologies prevail current IoNT literature, applications are focused on health care, and there is no international standardization regarding privacy, security or architecture of nano-networks.
Síntomas en niños con cáncer y estrategias de cuidado familiar
Authors: Díaz-Morales Karina , Reyes-Arvizu Jessica , Morgado-Nájera Katia , Everardo-Domínguez Dalila 
Published: December 2018

Introducción: Los síntomas de dolor y náusea vómito en los niños con cáncer son ocasionados por la enfermedad o tratamiento de quimioterapia. El manejo de estos síntomas es un reto en los familiares. Objetivos: Describir y analizar la relación entre los síntomas de dolor y náusea vómito en los niños con cáncer y describir las estrategias de cuidado familiar ante estos síntomas. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, con muestra de 31 niños y familiares de una clínica oncopediatrica de Veracruz México. Diligenciaron los instrumentos Escala de dolor con caras-Revisada, Clasificación de Náusea-Vómito Inducido por Quimioterapia y Cuestionario de estrategias de cuidado familiar para el manejo de síntomas. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial con Rho de Spearman, utilizando el programa SPSS 20.0. Resultados: Los niños padecen dolor moderado (48%), leve (29%) e intenso (23%). Tienen náusea-vómito agudo (74%), anticipatorio (16%) y retardado (10%). Existe asociación entre la náusea-vómito retardado con el anticipatorio (r =435<0,05). Los familiares contrarrestan el dolor del niño con estrategias de espiritualidad, distracción y fármacos. Ante la náusea-vómito evitan ambientes con olor a comida y consumo de líquidos calientes. Discusión: Según el tipo de cáncer y tratamiento, es la intensidad del dolor en el niño. La náusea-vómito se considera el síntoma más problemático durante la quimioterapia. Conclusiones: La investigación aporta datos científicos para indagar a futuro estos síntomas y posibles secuelas físicas y psicológicas (depresión, ansiedad) en los niños con cáncer, así como la efectividad de las estrategias familiares para tratar estos síntomas.Como citar este artículo: Díaz-Morales K, Reyes-Arvizu J, Morgado-Nájera K, Everardo-Domínguez D. Síntomas en niños con cáncer y estrategias de cuidado familiar. Rev Cuid. 2019; 10(1): e597. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v10i1.597
GRACE score in assessing the risk of hospital outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Mullova I. S. , Cherepanova N. A. , Pavlova T. V. , Khokhlunov S. M. , Gnilomedova D. A. , Leksina A. A. , Duplyakov D. V. 
Published: December 2018

Aim. To compare the PESI and GRACE scores in assessing the risk of hospital outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism.Material and methods. The study included 383 patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), hospitalized during the period of April 4, 2003 on September 18, 2014; 190 (49,6%) are men, the average age is 57,4 years±14,4 years. We considered the patient’s anamnesis, complaints, results of biochemical and instrumental tests, as well as the treatment carried out to the patients.Results. According to the risk stratification of PESI score, 86 (22,5%) patients had a very low risk of death, 88 (22,9%) had a low risk, 94 (24,5%) had an intermediate risk, 60 (15,%) — high risk and 55 (14,4%) patients have a very high risk. The combination of three ECG signs (SI-QIII, right bundle branch block and T-wave inversion in V1-V3) was significantly more common in patients with a very high PE risk — 14,5% (p=0,025). The most reliable sign of the most echographic (echoCG) criteria was dilatation of right ventricle (RV) (p=0,009) in a group of patients with a very high PE risk. According to the GRACE scale, 112 (29,2%) patients were assigned to the low risk group, and 271 (70,8%) patients — to the high risk group. ECG signs were observed more frequently in the high risk group: SI-QIII, T-wave inversion in III, V1-V3 leads, right bundle branch block (p<0,05). Pulmonary hypertension and RV dilatation according to echoCG prevailed in the high risk group (98,4% and 85,1%, respectively), p<0,05. The minimum value of points on the GRACE score for the deceased patients was 118 points. The GRACE scale showed high predictive ability with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 63% (AUC=0,811, CI 95% 0,0738-0,884). However, the PESI score had a slightly greater predictive value with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 53% (AUC=0,879 compared with AUC=0,811 for the GRACE scale). Analysis of the PESI and GRACE scores showed a moderate correlation between them (r=0,668).Conclusion. The GRACE score showed a high predictive value for adverse outcomes in PE patients with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 63%. The minimum score on the GRACE score for deceased patients was 118 points.