bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directly Bridging Indoles to 3,3′‐Bisindolylmethanes by Using Carboxylic Acids and Hydrosilanes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Qiao Chang , Liu Xiao‐Fang , Fu Hong‐Chen , Yang Hao‐Peng , Zhang Zhi‐Bo , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA straightforward Lewis acid‐promoted protocol for 3,3′‐bisindolylmethanes (BIMs) synthesis by reductive alkylation of indoles at the C3 position with carboxylic acids in the presence of hydrosilane was developed for the first time. Instead of aldehydes, more readily available, stable, and easy‐to‐handle carboxylic acids have been employed as alternative alkylating agents. As an efficient organocatalyst, B(C6F5)3 enables the reductive alkylation of various substituted indole derivatives with carboxylic acids with up to 98 % yield at room temperature and under neat conditions. This metal‐free strategy offers an alternative approach for the direct functionalization of indoles to BIMs with carboxylic acids and such protocol allows selective reduction of carboxylic acid to aldehyde in combination with C−C bond formation.
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition for Superior Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Strategies, Performance, and Mechanisms
Authors: Sun Qian , Lau Kah C. , Geng Dongsheng , Meng Xiangbo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Meng's Nano & Energy Group at University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. The image shows that atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) are two new research techniques enabling to address existing issues in Li‐S batteries for high‐energy storage used for future transportation and smart grids.Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/batt.201800024.
Diversity of neurodegenerative pathophysiology in nondemented patients with major depressive disorder: Evidence of cerebral amyloidosis and hippocampal atrophy
Authors: Wu Kuan‐Yi , Lin Kun‐Ju , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Liu Chia‐Yih , Huang Sheng‐Yao , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Hsiao Ing‐Tsung 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with late‐life depression may be at the preclinical stage of dementia. However, the neurodegenerative processes in late‐life depression are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the distribution patterns of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration in a depressive population without dementia.MethodsThe study recruited 63 middle‐aged and elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 22 control subjects. The MDD patients were further subdivided into those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 24) and non‐MCI (n = 39) patients. We used the global standardized uptake value ratio of 18F‐florbetapir (AV‐45/Amyvid) positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker of cerebral amyloidosis and the hippocampal volume as a biomarker for neurodegeneration. Cutoff points of brain amyloid positivity and hippocampal atrophy were determined using independent data obtained from clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in a previous study.ResultsMost of the control subjects (81.8%) were biomarker‐negative, in contrast to the MCI MDD patients (37.5%). A relatively high proportion of the MCI MDD patients (12.5%) exhibited both amyloid positivity and hippocampal atrophy as compared to the control subjects (4.5%) and non‐MCI patients (5.1%). However, a considerable proportion of the MCI MDD patients (29.2%) were categorized into the group with hippocampal atrophy alone, and negative amyloid deposition, as compared to the control subjects (0%) and non‐MCI patients (5.1%).ConclusionsThis study highlights the expected heterogeneity of the processes of neurodegeneration in MDD patients. The diverse neurodegenerative processes may have important etiologic and therapeutic implications regarding neurodegenerative pathophysiology in late‐life depression.
ARNT/HIF‐1β links high‐risk 1q21 gain and microenvironmental hypoxia to drug resistance and poor prognosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wu Chuan , Yang Ting , Liu Yingmin , Lu Yicheng , Yang Yanping , Liu Xiaobo , Liu Xuelian , Ye Long , Sun Yue , Wang Xue , Li Qingchao , Yang Peiyu , Yu Xiaoyuan , Gao Sujun , Kumar Shaji , Jin Fengyan , Dai Yun , Li Wei 
Published: June 2018

Abstract1q21 gain is a common cytogenetic abnormality featuring high‐risk multiple myeloma (HRMM). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the adverse prognostic effect of 1q21 gain remains largely unclear. Here, we report that ARNT/HIF‐1β, a 1q21 gene, is highly expressed in HRMM and induced by microenvironmental hypoxia, which confers drug resistance and correlates with inferior outcome. Analysis of the gene expression profile database revealed that ARNT expression was upregulated in MM and increased with disease progression or in HRMM subtypes (particularly 1q21 gain), while correlated to shorter overall survival. In a cohort of 40 MM patients, qPCR further validated that ARNT expression was higher in MM patients than normal donors. MM cells carrying 1q21 gain or acquired drug resistance displayed a robust increase in HIF‐1β protein level. Hypoxia induced HIF‐1β expression via a NF‐κB‐dependent process. Notably, HIF‐1β overexpression impaired bortezomib sensitivity, whereas shRNA knockdown of ARNT reversed hypoxia‐mediated drug resistance. Together, these findings suggest that ARNT/HIF‐1β might represent a novel biomarker for risk stratification and prognosis of HRMM patients, as well as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming 1q21 gain‐ or microenvironment‐mediated and acquired drug resistance in MM.
Perinatal findings in a patient with a novel large chromosome 19p deletion
Authors: Culjat Marko , Razak Jennifer , Saadeh‐Haddad Reem , Driggers Rita , Kamholz Karen , Timofeev Julia 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe describe the prenatal and postnatal course of an infant with a large 19p deletion. Cases such as ours will improve the knowledge of specific gene functions for every medical specialist. The goal is to allow for a more rapid diagnosis, accurate prognosis and to decrease the likelihood of complications.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Dual‐doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Li Rong , Li Huinan , Long Jilan , He Jing , Zhang Jimin , Zheng Hongying , Gou Xinglong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDevelopment of efficient electrocatalysts with high catalytic performance and low cost for promoting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both alkaline and acidic media is highly desired yet a challenging. Here, graphene‐like nitrogen and phosphorus dual‐doped porous carbon nanosheets are prepared by calcinating a homogeneous mixture of glucose, melamine and phosphoric acid with montmorillonite as the nanoreactor. The as‐prepared N,P dual‐doped porous carbon nanosheets show satisfactory ORR catalytic performance in both alkaline and acidic media due to the synergistic effect of N, P dual‐doping, abundant micro‐/meso‐pores and large specific surface area (835.91 m2 g−1). Its catalytic activity in 0.1 M KOH outperforms the bench‐mark Pt/C catalyst with more positive half‐wave potential and larger diffusion current density; its catalytic activity in 0.1 M HClO4 is comparable to that of Pt/C. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent tolerance towards methanol crossover and long‐term stability, showing great promise as an alternative to Pt/C for application in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.
Direct C—H Bond Activation of Benzoxazole and Benzothiazole with Aryl Bromides Catalyzed by Palladium(II)‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Kaloğlu Murat , Kaloğlur Nazan , Özdemir İsmail 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, we report that a series of novel palladium(II)‐NHC complexes (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) were synthesized. The structures of all novel complexes were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. These palladium(II)‐NHC complexes were tested as efficient catalysts in the direct C—H bond activation of benzoxazole and benzothiazole with aryl bromides in the presence of 1 mol% catalyst loading at 150 °C for 4 h. Under the given conditions, various aryl bromides were successfully applied as the arylating reagents to achieve the 2‐arylbenzoxazoles and 2‐arylbenzothiazoles in acceptable to high yields.
Structure‐Based Design of a Monosaccharide Ligand Targeting Galectin‐8
Authors: Bohari Mohammad H. , Yu Xing , Kishor Chandan , Patel Brijesh , Go Rob Marc , Eslampanah Seyedi Hadieh A. , Vinik Yaron , Grice I. Darren , Zick Yehiel , Blanchard Helen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGalectin‐8 is a β‐galactoside‐recognising protein that has a role in the regulation of bone remodelling and is an emerging new target for tackling diseases with associated bone loss. We have designed and synthesised methyl 3‐O‐[1‐carboxyethyl]‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside (compound 6) as a ligand to target the N‐terminal domain of galectin‐8 (galectin‐8N). Our design involved molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that predicted 6 to mimic the interactions made by the galactose ring as well as the carboxylic acid group of 3′‐O‐sialylated lactose (3′‐SiaLac), with galectin‐8N. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) determined that the binding affinity of galectin‐8N for 6 was 32.8 μm, whereas no significant affinity was detected for the C‐terminal domain of galectin‐8 (galectin‐8C). The crystal structure of the galectin‐8N–6 complex validated the predicted binding conformation and revealed the exact protein–ligand interactions that involve evolutionarily conserved amino acids of galectin and also those unique to galectin‐8N for recognition. Overall, we have initiated and demonstrated a rational ligand design campaign to develop a monosaccharide‐based scaffold as a binder of galectin‐8.
Tertiary‐Amine‐Based Inhibitors of the Astacin Protease Meprin α
Authors: Tan Kathrin , Jäger Christian , Schlenzig Dagmar , Schilling Stephan , Buchholz Mirko , Ramsbeck Daniel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetalloproteinases of the astacin family are drawing ever increasing attention as potential drug targets. However, knowledge regarding inhibitors thereof is limited in most cases. Crucial for the development of metalloprotease inhibitors is high selectivity, to avoid side effects brought about by inhibition of off‐target proteases and interference with physiological pathways. In this study we aimed at the design of novel selective inhibitors for the astacin proteinase meprin α. Based on a recently identified tertiary amine scaffold, a series of compounds was synthesized and evaluated. The compounds exhibit reasonable inhibitory activity with high selectivity over other metalloproteases. The isoenzyme meprin β is only slightly inhibited. Hence, the present study revealed a novel class of selective meprin α inhibitors with improved selectivity over known compounds.
Improved correlation of urinary cytology specimens using The Paris System in biopsy‐proven upper tract urothelial carcinomas
Authors: McIntire Patrick J. , Snow Justin T. , Robinson Brian D. , Rao Rema A. , Goyal Abha , Heymann Jonas J. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUNDUrine cytology specimens are essential for screening and monitoring high‐grade urothelial carcinomas. However, inconsistent reporting and equivocal diagnostic categories have remained a challenge. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) was developed to provide clear cytomorphologic criteria for urine cytology specimens. Significant correlation between the surgical biopsy diagnosis (SD) and TPS diagnosis (PD) has been established in lower urothelial tract carcinomas, but to the authors' knowledge limited information is available regarding upper urinary tract carcinomas.METHODSA total of 56 cytology specimens from 35 patients within 90 days of an SD of upper urinary tract carcinoma were included. Cytology was re‐reviewed and assigned a PD. The original diagnosis (OD) and PD were compared with the corresponding SD to determine which correlated best.RESULTSThe PD corresponded to the SD in 35 of 56 cases (63%), which was greater than that for the OD and SD, which were concordant in 19 of 56 cases (34%). Both the OD and PD were concordant in 18 of 56 cases (32%), and neither corresponded in 20 of 56 cases (36%). A total of 27 of 33 cases of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma/carcinoma in situ on SD (82%) were identified using the PD whereas only 15 cases (45%) were identified with the OD. The number of “atypical” diagnoses in the OD was reduced from 16 of 56 cases (29%) to 7 of 56 cases (13%) using the PD. Of the 14 of 56 “negative” OD (25%), only 4 remained after implementation of the PD. A diagnosis of low‐grade urothelial neoplasm was established in 6 of 20 cases (30%) with the PD compared with 3 of 20 cases with the OD (15%).CONCLUSIONSThe authors found that reclassification with TPS improved correlation with the SD compared with previous methodologies. Specifically, TPS increased the number of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma diagnoses and decreased the number of equivocal or “atypical” diagnoses. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
A Dual‐Functional Catalyst for Cascade Meerwein–Pondorf–Verley Reduction and Dehydration of 4′‐Methoxypropiophenone to Anethole
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Lim Candy Li‐Fen , Zaki Muhammad , Jaenicke Stephan , Chuah Gaik Khuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnethole is an ingredient in many flavours, fragrances and pharmaceutical formulations. To reduce the dependence of its supply on natural oils, a green route for anethole synthesis was designed on the basis of Meerwein–Pondorf–Verley (MPV) reduction and dehydration of 4′‐methoxypropiophenone. The one‐pot cascade reactions were heterogeneously catalysed by dual‐functional Zr‐MSU‐3, a predominantly Lewis‐acidic catalyst with a Si/Zr ratio of 10 and pores with sizes in the range of 3.2–4.2 nm. The use of 2‐pentanol as solvent and hydrogen donor for the MPV reduction was advantageous, as its high boiling point enhances the rate of the reactions, especially the dehydration of the MPV product, 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐propan‐1‐ol. This dispenses with the need for a strong acid catalyst that could result in by‐products of acid‐catalysed reactions. Anethole yields of 91 % with a trans/cis isomer ratio of about 92:8, similar to that of natural anethole, were obtained. In comparison, microporous Zr‐beta (Si/Zr 12.5) gave lower activity owing to pore‐size constraints. Hence, through design of the reactions and catalyst, 4′‐methoxypropiophenone can be efficiently converted to anethole in a sustainable and green manner.
Error rate and outage of dual‐hop DF relay system with selection combining over Rice fading
Authors: Dixit Dharmendra , Sahu P. R. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPerformance of dual‐hop decode‐and‐forward relay system with selection‐combining receiver is analyzed over Rice fading channels. The following closed‐form expressions of performance metrics are derived: moment generating function for selection‐combining receiver output signal‐to‐noise ratio, exact average bit error rate of noncoherent modulations, approximate average symbol error rate for coherent modulations, and outage probability. We also obtain simple asymptotic expressions for moment generating function, exact average bit error rate, average symbol error rate, and outage probability, which are useful to characterize the diversity order and the coding gain. The optimal power allocation analysis suggests that the optimal power allocation factor is independent of total signal‐to‐noise ratio and source‐to‐destination link fading parameters. The accuracy of the obtained analytical expressions are supported by computer simulation results.
Towards energy efficiency in virtual topology design of elastic optical networks
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Constantine A. , Papadimitriou Georgios I. , Nicopolitidis Petros 
Published: June 2018

SummaryElastic optical networks offer a reliable platform for achieving energy efficiency by supporting extensive optical grooming of variable‐rate data traffic along with the traditional electrical data aggregation methods. The procedure of routing and spectrum allocation in a topology of nodes has explicit effect to the amount of consumed power. A new energy‐efficient method for designing the virtual topology in IP‐over‐elastic networks is introduced and evaluated. It is concluded that it consumes less power under different elastic transponder types, it designs the virtual topology using fewer transponders, and finally, there is a slight increase in the number of end‐to‐end lightpath hops. The proposed method is characterized by high performance and low lightpath establishment complexity. Therefore, it is suitable for a broad range of network configurations and transponder types.
Linking autonomic physiology and emotion regulation in preschoolers: The role of reactivity and recovery
Authors: Kahle Sarah , Miller Jonas G. , Helm Jonathan L. , Hastings Paul D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhysiological recovery from negative emotions may be important for effective self‐regulation, but little is known about recovery processes in children. The current study investigated links between autonomic physiology, anger expressions, and emotion regulation in a sample of eighty‐three 3.5‐year‐olds. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and pre‐ejection period were measured during an anger induction task as parasympathetic and sympathetic indices, respectively. We examined whether preschoolers’ anger expressions and emotion regulation behaviors were associated with individual differences in physiology. Autonomic changes were more strongly linked with emotion regulation than with expressed anger. Verbalized regulatory strategies were linked with greater sympathetic reactivity and also with greater recovery. In contrast, attention diversion was associated with blunted patterns of sympathetic reactivity followed by increased sympathetic arousal in the recovery phase. Disengaging from an emotional challenge may be linked with reduced physiological arousal in the short term, this behavior but also appears to have delayed consequences for physiological recovery.
Analyzing enhanced real‐time uplink scheduling algorithm in 3GPP LTE‐advanced networks using multimedia systems
Authors: Deebak B. D. , Ever Enver , Al‐Turjman Fadi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThird Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardizes the Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) to improve the quality of service in modern communication systems using 3GPP LTE‐advanced (LTE‐A) networks. As this technology is converging with modern devices, efficient resource allocation schemes are essential for minimization of the communication delay for the sensitive real‐time devices. To achieve the demands of latest technologies, this paper proposes two novel mechanisms, enhanced real‐time polling system with continuous time–batch Markovian arrival process and proactive resource allocation framework. The objective of the former mechanism is to improvise the service connectivity between the multimedia devices in LTE‐A networks and the latter is to exploit the transmission bits in each user's buffer in addition to the state information of wireless channel. The proposed mechanisms consider the constraints enforced by 3GPP standard in terms of radio resource blocks allocation for LTE‐A networks. In addition, the proposed mechanisms use LTE‐A networks to investigate the Voice over LTE traffic in order to analyze various quality‐of‐service measures, namely, sum throughput, session setup delay, packet delivery ratio, resource utilization ratio, and throughput improvement via real‐time multimedia client‐server systems. The probing results show that the proposed algorithm is superior in comparison to other typical services of IEEE 802.16d/e–based systems as well as LTE‐A system with 7 orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing symbols over a duration slot 0.5 ms. While the slotted duration is set to 5 ms, the proposed framework effectively utilizes the resource allocation cycle to support the uplink scheduling to outperform at least 38% better throughput performance in comparison with existing mechanisms.
The Effects of Age and Dose on Gene Expression and Segmental Bone Defect Repair After BMP‐2 Delivery
Authors: Cheng Albert , Krishnan Laxminarayanan , Tran Lisa , Stevens Hazel Y , Xia Boao , Lee Nari , Williams Joseph K , Gibson Greg , Guldberg Robert E 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAge is a well‐known influential factor in bone healing, with younger patients generally healing bone fractures more rapidly and suffering fewer complications compared with older patients. Yet the impact age has on the response to current bone healing treatments, such as delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), remains poorly characterized. It remains unclear how or if therapeutic dosing of BMP‐2 should be modified to account for age‐related differences in order to minimize potential adverse effects and consequently improve patient bone‐healing outcomes. For this study, we sought to address this issue by using a preclinical critically sized segmental bone defect model in rats to investigate age‐related differences in bone repair after delivery of BMP‐2 in a collagen sponge, the current clinical standard. Femoral defects were created in young (7‐week‐old) and adult (8‐month‐old) rats, and healing was assessed using gene expression analyses, longitudinal radiography, ex vivo micro‐computed tomography (µCT), as well as torsional testing. We found that young rats demonstrated elevated expression of genes related to osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and matrix remodeling at the early 1‐week time point compared with adult rats. These early gene expression differences may have impacted long‐term healing as the regenerated bones of young rats exhibited higher bone mineral densities compared with those of adult rats after 12 weeks. Furthermore, the young rats demonstrated significantly more bone formation and increased mechanical strength when BMP‐2 dose was increased from 1 µg to 10 µg, a finding not observed in adult rats. Overall, these results indicate there are age‐related differences in BMP‐2‐mediated bone regeneration, including relative dose sensitivity, suggesting that age is an important consideration when implementing a BMP‐2 treatment strategy. © 2018 The AuthorsJBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.