bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of an integrated mental health, social and medical model for diabetes care in an inner‐city setting: Three Dimensions for Diabetes (3DFD)
Authors: Ismail K. , Stewart K. , Ridge K. , Britneff E. , Freudenthal R. , Stahl D. , McCrone P. , Gayle C. , Doherty A. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsWe examined the effectiveness of a service innovation, Three Dimensions for Diabetes (3DFD), that consisted of a referral to an integrated mental health, social care and diabetes treatment model, compared with usual care in improving biomedical and health economic outcomes.MethodsUsing a non‐randomized control design, the 3DFD model was offered in two inner‐city boroughs in London, UK, where diabetes health professionals could refer adult residents with diabetes, suboptimal glycaemic control [HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%)] and mental health and/or social problems. In the usual care group, there was no referral pathway and anonymized data on individuals with HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%) were collected from primary care records. Change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months was the primary outcome, and change in healthcare costs and biomedical variables were secondary outcomes.Results3DFD participants had worse glycaemic control and higher healthcare costs than control participants at baseline. 3DFD participants had greater improvement in glycaemic control compared with control participants [−14 mmol/mol (−1.3%) vs. −6 mmol/mol (−0.6%) respectively, P < 0.001], adjusted for confounding. Total follow‐up healthcare costs remained higher in the 3DFD group compared with the control group (mean difference £1715, 95% confidence intervals 591 to 2811), adjusted for confounding. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was £398 per mmol/mol unit decrease in HbA1c, indicating the 3DFD intervention was more effective and costed more than usual care.ConclusionsA biomedical, psychological and social criteria‐based referral system for identifying and managing high‐cost and high‐risk individuals with poor glycaemic control can lead to improved health in all three dimensions.
Challenges in the management of people with diabetes and cancer
Authors: Chowdhury T. A. , Jacob P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough micro‐ and macrovascular complications of diabetes are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in people with diabetes, it is increasingly recognized that diabetes increases the risk of developing cancer. Diabetes and cancer commonly co‐exist, and outcomes in people with both conditions are poorer than in those who have cancer but no diabetes. There is no randomized trial evidence that treating hyperglycaemia in people with cancer improves outcomes, but therapeutic nihilism should be avoided, and a personalized approach to managing hyperglycaemia in people with cancer is needed. This review aims to outline the link between diabetes therapies and cancer, and discuss the reasons why glucose should be actively managed people with both. In addition, we discuss clinical challenges in the management of hyperglycaemia in cancer, specifically in relation to glucocorticoids, enteral feeding and end‐of‐life care.
Semaphorin 3A induces acute changes in membrane excitability in spiral ganglion neurons in vitro
Authors: Wong Victor S. C. , Meadows Marc , Goldberg David , Willis Dianna E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development and survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are dependent on multiple trophic factors as well as membrane electrical activity. Semaphorins (Sema) constitute a family of membrane‐associated and secreted proteins that have garnered significant attention as a potential SGN “navigator” during cochlea development. Previous studies using mutant mice demonstrated that Sema3A plays a role in the SGN pathfinding. The mechanisms, however, by which Sema3A shapes SGNs firing behavior are not known. In these studies, we found that Sema3A plays a novel role in regulating SGN resting membrane potential and excitability. Using dissociated SGN from pre‐hearing (P3–P5) and post‐hearing mice (P12–P15), we recorded membrane potentials using whole‐cell patch clamp recording techniques in apical and basal SGN populations. Recombinant Sema3A was applied to examine the effects on intrinsic membrane properties and action potentials evoked by current injections. Apical and basal SGNs from newborn mice treated with recombinant Sema3A (100 ng/ml) displayed a higher resting membrane potential, higher threshold, decreased amplitude, and prolonged latency and duration of spikes. Although a similar phenomenon was observed in SGNs from post‐hearing mice, the resting membrane potential was essentially indistinguishable before and after Sema3A exposure. Sema3A‐mediated changes in membrane excitability were associated with a significant decrease in K+ and Ca2+ currents. Sema3A acts through linopirdine‐sensitive K+ channels in apical, but not in the basal SGNs. Therefore, Sema3A induces differential effects in SGN membrane excitability that are dependent on age and location, and constitutes an additional early and novel effect of Sema3A SGNs in vitro.
Wanted, dead and alive: Why a multidisciplinary approach is needed to unlock hair treatment potential
Authors: Lim Yi Shan , Harland Duane P. , Dawson Thomas L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman recorded history is littered with attempts to improve the perceived appearance of scalp hair. Throughout history, treatments have included both biological and chemical interventions. Hair “quality” or “perceived appearance” is regulated by multiple biological intervention opportunities: adding more hairs by flipping follicles from telogen to anagen, or delaying anagen follicles transiting into catagen; altering hair “apparent amount” by modulating shaft diameter or shape; or, in principle, altering shaft physical properties changing its synthesis. By far the most common biological intervention strategy today is to increase the number of hairs, but to date this has proven difficult and has yielded minimal benefits. Chemical intervention primarily consists of active material surface deposition to improve shaft shine, fibre‐fibre interactions and strength. Real, perceptible benefits will best be achieved by combining opportunity areas across the three primary sciences: biology, chemistry and physics. Shaft biogenesis begins with biology: proliferation in the germinative matrix, then crossing “Auber's Critical Line” and ceasing proliferation to synthesize shaft components. Biogenesis then shifts to oxidative chemistry, where previously synthesized components are organized and cross‐linked into a shaft. We herein term the crossing point from biology to chemistry as “The Orwin Threshold.” Historically, hair biology and chemistry have been conducted in different fields, with biological manipulation residing in biomedical communities and hair shaft chemistry and physics within the consumer care industry, with minimal cross‐fertilization. Detailed understanding of hair shaft biogenesis should enable identification of factors necessary for optimum hair shaft production and new intervention opportunities.
Bacteriohopanepolyols across environmental gradients in Lake Vanda, Antarctica
Authors: Matys Emily D. , Mackey Tyler , Grettenberger Christen , Mueller Elliott , Sumner Dawn Y. , Hawes Ian , Summons Roger E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are bacterial membrane lipids that may be used as biological or environmental biomarkers. Previous studies have described the diversity, distribution, and abundance of BHPs in a variety of modern environments. However, the regulation of BHP production in polar settings is not well understood. Benthic microbial mats from ice‐covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica provide an opportunity to investigate the sources, physiological roles, and preservation of BHPs in high‐latitude environments. Lake Vanda is one of the most stable lakes on Earth, with microbial communities occupying specific niches along environmental gradients. We describe the influence of mat morphology and local environmental conditions on the diversity and distribution of BHPs and their biological sources in benthic microbial mats from Lake Vanda. The abundance and diversity of C‐2 methylated hopanoids (2‐MeBHP) are of particular interest, given that their stable degradation products, 2‐methylhopanes, are among the oldest and most prevalent taxonomically informative biomarkers preserved in sedimentary rocks. Furthermore, the interpretation of sedimentary 2‐methylhopanes is of great interest to the geobiology community. We identify cyanobacteria as the sole source of 2‐MeBHP in benthic microbial mats from Lake Vanda and assess the hypothesis that 2‐MeBHP are regulated in response to a particular environmental variable, namely solar irradiance.
Multiscale climate change impacts on plant diversity in the Atacama Desert
Authors: Díaz Francisca P. , Latorre Claudio , Carrasco‐Puga Gabriela , Wood Jamie R. , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Soto Daniela C. , Cole Theresa L. , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComprehending ecological dynamics requires not only knowledge of modern communities but also detailed reconstructions of ecosystem history. Ancient DNA (aDNA) metabarcoding allows biodiversity responses to major climatic change to be explored at different spatial and temporal scales. We extracted aDNA preserved in fossil rodent middens to reconstruct late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in the hyperarid Atacama Desert. By comparing our paleo‐informed millennial record with contemporary observations of interannual variations in diversity, we show local plant communities behave differentially at different timescales. In the interannual (years to decades) time frame, only annual herbaceous expand and contract their distributional ranges (emerging from persistent seed banks) in response to precipitation, whereas perennials distribution appears to be extraordinarily resilient. In contrast, at longer timescales (thousands of years) many perennial species were displaced up to 1,000 m downslope during pluvial events. Given ongoing and future natural and anthropogenically induced climate change, our results not only provide baselines for vegetation in the Atacama Desert, but also help to inform how these and other high mountain plant communities may respond to fluctuations of climate in the future.
Minimal intervention dentistry for partially dentate older adults
Authors: Allen Patrick Finbarr , Da Mata Cristiane , Hayes Martina 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundChronic dental and oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease, continue to be a significant health problem among older adults. Given the rapidly changing profile of the ageing population, and their complex health needs, there is a need to develop new evidence‐based approaches to oral health care. Recently, care philosophies have been developed that take a minimally invasive, functionally oriented, approach to oral health care with a focus on providing a reduced, but healthy, natural dentition which can be maintained with support of better oral hygiene.MethodA review of the literature concerning use of minimal intervention dentistry (MID) to manage caries and toothloss in partially dentate older adults was undertaken.ResultsA variety of chemotherapeutic agents are available to prevent development of root caries and/or arrest root caries lesions, with professionally applied solutions (ie 22 500 NaF, 38% SDF or 40% CHX) every 3 to 6 months demonstrating best outcomes. Application of 38% SDF annually in high‐risk, institutionalised older adults is effective in arresting root caries. Atraumatic restorative treatment can be used successfully to manage active carious lesions and limit the removal of natural tooth tissue. Finally, functionally oriented treatment planning to manage partial toothloss is successful in terms of quality of life impact and cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionAvailable evidence is somewhat limited and more long‐term studies are need. However, currently available evidence suggests that minimal intervention dentistry can be predictable and cost‐effective in older adults.
How is Endodontics taught? A survey to evaluate undergraduate endodontic teaching in dental schools within the United Kingdom
Authors: Al Raisi H. , Dummer P. M. H. , Vianna M. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the delivery of undergraduate endodontic education in UK dental schools using an online survey and to compare the results with those of a previous paper‐based survey (Qualtrough & Dummer 1997, Int Endod J, 30, 234). Aspects of delivery were also evaluated in comparison with the Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines of the European Society of Endodontology (de Moor et al. 2013, Int Endod J, 46, 1105).MethodologyAn online version of an earlier paper‐based survey on undergraduate Endodontic education (Qualtrough & Dummer 1997, Int Endod J, 30, 234) was created. Invitations to take part were sent via email to the undergraduate endodontic programme leads in the 16 UK dental schools.ResultsThe response rate was 94%. The current survey revealed greater convergence amongst dental schools than previously (Qualtrough & Dummer 1997, Int Endod J, 30, 234) on methods of canal preparation, disinfection and filling. Improvements were also noted in staff: student ratios, the involvement of teachers with advanced endodontic training and a greater diversity of teaching methods; developments which align with the recommendations of ESE Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines (de Moor et al. 2013, Int Endod J, 46, 1105). The majority of schools appeared to be teaching contemporary instrumentation methods and were recommending the application of calcium silicate cements. The exposure of students to advanced topics included in the ESE Undergraduate Curriculum Guidelines (de Moor et al. 2013, Int Endod J, 46, 1105) such as surgical endodontic treatment, root canal re‐treatment and the management of complex cases was mixed.ConclusionUndergraduate endodontic training in the UK has advanced in the last 20 years with more consistency between schools and more contemporary methods adopted.
“As Needed” nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants for infrequent atrial fibrillation episodes following atrial fibrillation ablation guided by diligent pulse monitoring: A feasibility study
Authors: Zado Erica S. , Pammer Monica , Parham Tara , Lin David , Frankel David S. , Dixit Sanjay , Marchlinski Francis E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAfter atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, oral anticoagulation (OAC) is recommended if stroke risk as assessed by CHA2DS
2‐VASc score is high. However, patients without AF are often reluctant to take daily OAC. We describe outcome using as needed nonvitamin K antagonist (NOACs) guided by pulse monitoring to detect AF following successful ablation.Methods and ResultsWe identified 99 patients (84% male, age 64 ± 8 years), CHA2DS
2‐VASc score greater than or equal to 1 in men and greater than or equal to 2 in women (median 2, range 1‐6), capable of pulse assessment twice daily and no AF on extended monitoring after AF ablation. All patients were instructed to start NOAC if AF >1 hour or recurrent shorter episodes. Duration of NOAC use after restart was typically 2 to 4 weeks.After 30 ± 14 months (total 244 patient‐years), 22 patients (22%) transitioned to daily NOAC because of noncompliance with pulse assessment or patient preference (six patients) or because of suspected or documented AF episode(s) in 16 (16%) patients. Of the remaining 77 (78%), 14 (14%) used NOACs but did not transition back to daily use, most (10 patients) with single use (seven patients) or non‐AF rhythm (three patients) documented. There was only one thromboembolic event (0.4%/yr of follow‐up) in patient without AF and one mild bleeding event (epistaxis).ConclusionThe use of as needed NOACs when AF is suspected with pulse monitoring is effective and safe to maintain low risk of stroke and bleeding after successful ablation. Transition back to daily NOAC use should be anticipated in about one quarter of patients.
Population genetics of the collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, in the Indonesian archipelago
Authors: Wainwright Benjamin J. , Arlyza Irma S. , Karl Stephen A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe population genetics of the economically important collector urchin, Tripneustes gratilla, were examined in 353 individuals collected from 16 sampling sites throughout Indonesia at 12 microsatellite loci. Bayesian clustering methods over all sampling locations revealed evidence of two genetically distinct clusters, one located predominantly on the shallow Sunda Shelf and the second in the deep waters associated with the biogeographic region known as Wallacea; further analysis revealed additional genetic structure around the island of Halmahera and the Islands of Nias and Mentawai. We propose that the observed genetic differentiation is the result of habitat loss during periods of glacial maxima and differences in physical oceanographic properties throughout the Archipelago. The subsequent recolonization of this habitat as glaciers retreat and sea levels return to present‐day levels creates an unparalleled opportunity for colonists to exploit new habitat. The documentation of cryptic diversity will aid in the identification of hot spots of biodiversity and ultimately its conservation. These data indicate that genetic structure can be detected in a species that has a relatively high dispersal potential, and this differentiation is a potential source of evolutionary novelty.
High efficiency Agrobacterium‐mediated site‐specific gene integration in maize utilizing the FLP‐FRT recombination system
Authors: Anand Ajith , Wu Emily , Li Zhi , TeRonde Sue , Arling Maren , Lenderts Brian , Mutti Jasdeep S. , Gordon‐Kamm William , Jones Todd J. , Chilcoat Nicholas Doane 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAn efficient Agrobacterium‐mediated site‐specific integration (SSI) technology using the flipase/flipase recognition target (FLP/FRT) system in elite maize inbred lines is described. The system allows precise integration of a single copy of a donor DNA flanked by heterologous FRT sites into a predefined recombinant target line (RTL) containing the corresponding heterologous FRT sites. A promoter‐trap system consisting of a pre‐integrated promoter followed by an FRT site enables efficient selection of events. The efficiency of this system is dependent on several factors including Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, expression of morphogenic genes Babyboom (Bbm) and Wuschel2 (Wus2) and choice of heterologous FRT pairs. Of the Agrobacterium strains tested, strain AGL1 resulted in higher transformation frequency than strain LBA4404 THY‐ (0.27% vs. 0.05%; per cent of infected embryos producing events). The addition of morphogenic genes increased transformation frequency (2.65% in AGL1; 0.65% in LBA4404 THY‐). Following further optimization, including the choice of FRT pairs, a method was developed that achieved 19%–22.5% transformation frequency. Importantly, >50% of T0 transformants contain the desired full‐length site‐specific insertion. The frequencies reported here establish a new benchmark for generating targeted quality events compatible with commercial product development.
Artefactual inflation of type 2 diabetes prevalence in WHO STEP surveys
Authors: Lin Sophia , Rocha Vitor Moraes , Taylor Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn view of erroneous type 2 diabetes prevalence reported in 3 small Pacific Island countries, a study was conducted to investigate whether this error occurred in other countries which have conducted WHO STEPS surveys associated with glucose thresholds for point‐of‐care (POC) measuring devices calibrated to plasma.MethodsPublished STEPS surveys conducted over 2001–2017 were obtained. For each survey, information was obtained on diabetes prevalence, POC glucose measuring device, blood sample tested and the fasting glucose threshold used for prevalence calculations. POC device user manuals were obtained to determine calibration. The current WHO glucose threshold for type 2 diabetes was used: ≥7.0 mmol/l for plasma glucose; ≥6.1 mmol/l for whole blood glucose.ResultsPOC devices were used in 75 of the STEPS surveys identified to measure blood glucose. An incorrect glucose threshold was employed in 17 surveys (23%) to define diabetes. The correct threshold was applied in 20 surveys (27%). Estimates from meta‐analysis and meta‐regression show that diabetes prevalence in surveys using the incorrect glucose thresholds have prevalences 50% higher than surveys which use the correct glucose threshold. A definite conclusion could not be made for 38 surveys (51%) because of the absence or unclear information on the glucose metre and/or the threshold employed.ConclusionWHO STEPS surveys with likely incorrect published diabetes prevalences have been conducted across the globe, resulting in a 50% artefactual inflation. Inaccurate reporting of diabetes prevalence from widely cited STEPS surveys would have significant impacts on disease burden monitoring, policy development and resource allocation.
Visual outcome following phacoemulsification in English Cocker Spaniels with suspected progressive retinal atrophy: A retrospective multicenter study of 54 cases (2002‐2017)
Authors: Koll-Hampp Sarah , Enache Andra‐Elena , Fenollosa‐Romero Elena , Chang Yu‐Mei , Busse Claudia , Oliver James , Dawson Charlotte , Matas Riera Màrian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the visual outcome following phacoemulsification in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) affected by cataracts and suspected progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).Animals studiedFifty‐four client‐owned dogs.ProceduresA multicenter, retrospective study was performed including ECS with suspected PRA which underwent phacoemulsification. PRA was suspected on ophthalmic examination before and after surgery, and/or after electroretinography (ERG) was performed. Visual outcome was assessed by menace response per eye at seven time periods post‐surgery (P1= 25‐90 days, P2 = 91‐180 days, P3 = 181‐364 days, P4 = 365‐549 days, P5 = 550‐729 days, P6 = 730‐1094 days, and P7 ≥ 1095 days). Descriptive statistics were performed. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify predictors associated with vision after surgery. Odds ratio and confidence intervals were reported. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Owners were invited to participate in a questionnaire.ResultsPhacoemulsification was performed in 85 eyes. Median age at surgery was 9.09 years (min. 2.17 years, max. 13.49 years). At all re‐examinations, up to and including P5, significantly more eyes were visual than before surgery (P ≤ 0.003). Odds for vision were significantly increased for eyes that underwent surgery. Electroretinograms were performed in 75/85 eyes that underwent surgery, demonstrating low b‐wave amplitudes. There was no significant effect of the age, gender, vision before surgery, presence of dazzle reflex, cataract stage or abnormality on gonioscopy on visual outcome. The questionnaire response rate was 48.2%. Most participants (92.5%) felt that cataract surgery led to improvement of the dog's quality of life.ConclusionsEnglish Cocker Spaniels with suspected PRA may benefit from phacoemulsification with vision up to 2 years following surgery.