bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cost of Financing Education: Can Student Debt Hinder Entrepreneurship?
Authors: Krishnan Karthik , Wang Pinshuo 
Published: May 2018

We find that student debt is negatively related to the propensity to start a firm, particularly larger and more successful ventures. An exogenous change due to the Higher Education Amendments of 1998, which made student debt completely nondischargeable through personal bankruptcy, reduced the likelihood of entrepreneurship by student loan borrowers that were already in four-year college at the time of this regulation. Moreover, an exogenous shock to the level of student debt due to the Higher Education Amendments of 1992 negatively impacts entrepreneurship rates for students already in four-year college at the time of this regulation. Entrepreneurs with more student debt are more likely to fall behind on their student debt payments, and this relation is mitigated when their ventures are successful. Our evidence indicates that student debt inhibits entrepreneurship by exacerbating the effect of negative business outcomes on the individual. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Assessing anxiety and depression in cancer patients
Authors: Milligan Fiona , Martinez Fe , Aal SohSoha Hassan Mohd Abdel , Ahmed Samah Abdelrehim , Joby Beverly , Matalam Jean Sultan , Nair Sujala Sukumaran , De Leon Maxion Anthony , Sayed Safia , Melepeedikayil Soji Samson 
Published: May 2018

Background: empirical evidence suggests that anxiety and depression in cancer patients is underdiagnosed and subsequently this patient population receives little or no support or intervention to address their psychosocial needs. It is often difficult to distinguish between normal emotional distress experienced following a cancer diagnosis and anxiety and depression, which can have a significant impact on coping mechanisms and subsequent outcomes. Aim: a qualitative study using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was undertaken in the National Centre for Cancer Care and Research in Qatar. The driver for change was to provide evidence of the need for an assessment to be incorporated into the nursing admission process as a means of early detection and onward referral for more formal interventions if required. The sample size was 57. Findings: the evidence from the outcome data supported the hypothesis that anxiety and depression were present in a significant number of the sample group. This would support the proposal of early screening and onward referral. A number of patients surveyed expressed moderate to severe depression, which may impact negatively on outcomes. Conclusion: screening for anxiety and depression in adult cancer patients should form part of an early nursing assessment to identify those who may benefit from more structured interventions. HADS is a useful screening tool; however, further research is required on validating tools used to screen for anxiety and depression in cancer and chronic disease in different cultures to ensure validity and reliability of outcome data.
Pore Geometry as a Limiting Factor for Anion Diffusion in Argillaceous Rocks
Authors: Wigger C. , Plöze M. , Van Loon L. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral barrier types are envisaged to minimize the release of radionuclides from waste matrices into groundwater. In a number of countries argillaceous rocks make up the natural barrier that will isolate radioactive substances from the aquifer. The present study addresses the influence of pore geometry as a limiting factor for anion diffusion in argillaceous rocks. Irrespective of the pore core size, anion diffusion can be limited by the pore-size opening, i.e. if the pore opening is so narrow that the electric double layers overlap and form a barrier to anions irrespective of the pore size. This so-called ‘bottleneck effect’ limits the anion diffusion. The present study extends previous investigations that focused on other factors which limit anion diffusion, e.g. mineralogy or interlayer equivalent pores. The existence of bottleneck pores was confirmed by effective tortuosity calculations and retention-potential measurements using mercury intrusion porosimetry. On the basis of two different core samples from argillaceous rocks from Switzerland, Opalinus Clay and Helvetic Marl, this work shows evidence of the existence of bottleneck pores. The larger permanent anion exclusion in the Helvetic Marl sample compared to the Opalinus Clay sample can be explained by the larger retention potential and larger effective tortuosity of the Helvetic Marl rock, which indicates more pores with bottleneck effects than is the case for the Opalinus Clay rock.
Le logement, variable centrale de l’exercice de prospective démographique à l’échelle locale
Authors: Léger Jean-François 
Published: May 2018

Résumé
Cet article présente la façon dont la variable logement peut être mobilisée dans les projections démographiques et comment cela pourrait permettre aux démographes d’être plus impliqués dans le champ de la prospective territoriale à l’échelle locale. Dans le cadre de l’élaboration des plans locaux d’urbanisme et/ou de l’habitat, les démographes sont souvent sollicités pour fixer les évolutions démographiques auxquelles le territoire pourrait être confronté. Le logement est dans ce cas considéré comme une réponse aux perspectives démographiques. Mais au niveau local, le sens de la relation s’inverse : au sein d’un bassin démographique de quelques centaines de kilomètres carrés, la mobilité résidentielle intercommunale est le plus souvent déterminée par les opportunités immobilières. Les petits territoires peuvent donc être, via la politique de logements, des acteurs de leur dynamique démographique. Cette situation conduit à faire du logement, à l’échelle locale, une variable centrale de l’exercice de projection démographique. Elle implique aussi de renouveler les méthodes et de mobiliser, dans la définition des scénarios, les acteurs locaux de l’aménagement du territoire. Le démographe n’est donc plus seulement un prestataire de service, il devient un partenaire de la réflexion prospective sur le territoire, qui est d’ailleurs de plus en plus fréquemment entendue comme un processus itératif qui s’appuie sur les échanges entre les acteurs locaux et les experts.
Abstract
This article presents how the housing variable can be mobilized in demographic projections and thus involve the demographer more in the field of territorial prospective at the local level. In the context of drawing up local urban and/or housing plans, demographers are often asked to determine the demographic changes that the local area might face. In this case housing is considered as a response to demographic projections. But at the local level, the direction of the relationship is reversed: within a catchment area of a few hundred square kilometers, inter-municipal residential mobility is most often determined by real estate opportunities. The small local areas can therefore be, via housing policies, actors in their demographic dynamics. This situation makes housing, at the local level, a central variable in the demographic projection exercise. It also involves renewing methods and mobilizing local planning actors in the definition of scenarios. The demographer is no longer just a service provider and becomes a partner for the territorial prospective at the local level. The prospective exercise is more and more frequently understood as an iterative process that relies on the exchanges between the local actors and experts.
Optimal level and order detection in wavelet decomposition for PCG signal denoising
Authors: Rouis Mohamed , Ouafi Abdelkrim , Sbaa Salim 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The recorded phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is often contaminated by different types of noises that can be seen in the frequency band of the PCG signal, which may change the characteristics of this signal. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has become one of the most important and powerful tools of signal representation, but its effectiveness is influenced by the issue of the selected mother wavelet and decomposition level (DL). The selection of the DL and the mother wavelet are the main challenges. This work proposes a new approach for finding an optimal DL and optimal mother wavelet for PCG signal denoising. Our approach consists of two algorithms designed to tackle the problems of noise and variability caused by PCG acquisition in a real clinical environment for different categories of patients. The results obtained are evaluated by examining the coherence analysie (Coh) correlation coefficient (Corr) and the mean square error (MSE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in simulated noisy PCG signals. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce noise.
A proposed decision support tool for prioritising conservation planning of Southeast Asian seagrass meadows: combined approaches based on ecosystem services and vulnerability analyses
Authors: Tan Yi Mei , Saunders Justine E. , Yaakub Siti Maryam 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeagrass habitats provide a range of goods and benefits to coastal communities by supporting ecosystem functioning, food provisioning, and cultural values. However, they are at risk worldwide from anthropogenic activities, climate change impacts and limited resources, which hamper efforts to protect them. Effective conservation planning requires prioritisation of sites based on multiple factors, including their relative value and vulnerability (VU). The current study examines the efficacy of combining two well-established approaches – ecosystem service assessments and habitat VU analyses – to test a method for determining conservation priority for selected seagrass meadows in Southeast Asia. Seven seagrass meadows around Southeast Asia were selected and scored by the authors based on (1) the cumulative contribution of 12 ecosystem services (ES) and the condition of the meadows, (2) VU from 16 anthropogenic threats, which were each ranked against five factors (spatial scale, frequency, functional impact, resistance and recovery time) and (3) the combination of the two approaches to create a single numerical index. Prioritisation of sites differed when meadows were scored solely for the ES they provide, compared to how vulnerable they are to anthropogenic threats. The new combined analysis brought the two metrics together to give conservation priority to sites where management intervention will yield maximum conservation benefits from conservation effort, and resulted in the prioritisation of three sites: Barrang Lompo (Indonesia), Cape Bolinao (Philippines) and Beting Tanjung Kupang (Malaysia). This method is easy to use and does not require great technical expertise. It is also auditable, allowing for clear and transparent understanding of decision-making process.
Ways of Knowing as a Framework for Developing Reflective Practice among Nursing Students
Authors: Campbell T. Diane , Penz Kelly , Dietrich-Leurer Marie , Juckes Karen , Rodger Kathy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAbstract Background:Nursing students face the challenge of developing a comprehensive understanding of the complex role of the registered nurse across various clinical settings. Frameworks such as the “ways of knowing”, help students conceptualize and critically reflect upon important processes in their professional learning. However, the academic language used to describe frameworks can be challenging. Purpose: This manuscript has two purposes. First, to briefly describe the historical climate influencing the development of nursing as a discipline. Second, two clinical practicum scenarios in acute care and community-based care are explored with the application of Carper’s four fundamental ways of knowing in nursing (empirical, aesthetic, self-knowledge, ethical), and Chinn and Kramer’s fifth, emancipatory, knowing as foundational to developing reflexivity in clinical practice. Conclusion: These practical descriptions and concrete examples can assist students in incorporating the five ways of knowing into their reflective practice and thereby more fully develop their construct of nursing.
Deficit distributions at ruin in a regime-switching Sparre Andersen model
Authors: Gajek Lesław , Rudź Marcin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate deficit distributions at ruin in
a regime-switching Sparre Andersen model. A Markov chain is
assumed to switch the amount and/or respective wait time distributions of
claims while the insurer can adjust the premiums in response.
Special attention is paid to an operator

𝐋

{\mathbf{L}}

generated by the risk process.
We show that the deficit distributions at ruin during n periods, given the state of the Markov chain at time zero,
form a vector of functions, which is the n-th iteration of

𝐋

{\mathbf{L}}

on the vector of functions
being identically equal to zero. Moreover, in the case of infinite
horizon, the deficit distributions at ruin are shown to be a fixed point of

𝐋

{\mathbf{L}}

.
Upper bounds for the vector of deficit distributions at ruin are also proven.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties of aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii (Rubiacee) in rats
Authors: Marius Mbiantcha , Gonzal Tsafack Eric , Gilbert Ateufack , William Nana Yousseu , Francis Désiré Bomba Tatsinkou , Stephanie Flore Djuichou Nguemnang , Sorelle Mbankou Ngassam , Marius Tresor Wego Kamgaing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background

Nauclea pobeguinii is a plant species found in the centre region of Cameroon. The stem bark of this plant is traditionally used to ease pain and cure inflammation.

Method
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of doses 150 and 300 mg/kg of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts from Nauclea pobeguinii on acute pain, acute and chronic inflammation induced by formalin and arthritis induced by zymosan A in rats. Oxidative stress parameters such as catalase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were measured in rats subjected to chronic inflammation. The standard used was diclofenac at 5 mg/kg.

Results
Aqueous extract as well as methanolic extract of Nauclea pobeguinii led to a significant reduction in the second phase of formalin induced pain with 54.22 and 48.02% of inhibition percentage, respectively. The formalin-induced inflammatory oedema was reduced by both extracts, and this effect remains significant until the tenth day of treatment. Equally, extracts significantly increased the catalase activity and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, brain and spinal cord and NO reduction only in serum. Both extracts significantly reduced the articular oedema induced by zymosan A for 6 h and for 5 days. Furthermore, the histological study of the articulations shows a non-altered synovial membrane and a small cartilage in all treated animals versus negative control group.

Conclusions
From these results, it can be concluded that pain, inflammation and arthritic healing activities of both stem bark extracts were expressed in rats and could conciliate the use of this vegetable by traditional African healers.
First record ofMus cookii(Cook’s mouse) from Pothwar, Pakistan: a probable case of range extension?
Authors: Bibi Shahnaz , Nadeem Muhammad Sajid , Anwar Muhammad Bilal , Shah Syed Israr , Kayani Amjad Rashid , Mushtaq Muhammad , Beg Mirza Azhar , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Southeast Asian speciesMus (Mus) cookiiRyley 1914 has been previously reported from southern China, Nepal, northeastern and peninsular India, Myanmar, north and central Thailand and Vietnam. A cytochromeb(Cytb) gene analysis revealed the presence ofM. cookiiwhich significantly expands the known western range of this species. However, it is unclear whether theM. cookiipopulation in the Pothwar region represents a historical or recent westward range expansion or, on the contrary, a relictual source population that further experienced an historic eastward range expansion into Southeast Asia.
Numerical Simulation of Slip Influence on the Flow of a MHD Williamson Fluid Over a Vertical Convective Surface
Authors: Amanulla CH. , Nagendra N. , Suryanarayana Reddy M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An analysis of this paper is examined, two-dimensional, laminar with heat transfer on natural convective flow in an electro-conductive polymer on the external surface of a vertical plate under radial magnetic field and slip effects is considered. The coupled governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using non-similarity transformations. The obtained ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by a well-known method named as Keller Box Method (KBM). The computed results for the velocity and temperature profiles as well as heat transfer and skin-friction coefficient have been depicted and discussed in detail through graphs for various parametric conditions. Increasing thermal slip strongly decreases skin friction and Nusselt number. Skin friction is also depressed with increasing magnetic body force parameter. Increasing momentum slip is observed to decrease skin friction. The model is relevant to the simulation of magnetic polymer materials processing.
Effect of Heterogeneity on Imbibition Phenomena in Fluid Flow through Porous Media with Different Porous Materials
Authors: Patel Hardik S. , Meher Ramakanta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the counter – current imbibition phenomena in a heterogeneous porous media is studied with the consideration of two types of porous materials like volcanic and fine sand and Adomian decomposition method is applied to find the saturation of wetting phase and the recovery rate of the reservoir. A simulation result is developed here to study the effect of heterogeneity, capillarity and relative permeability on saturation rate and to obtain an optimum recovery rate of the reservoir with the choices of some interesting parametric value.
Heat transfer effect on MHD flow of a micropolar fluid through porous medium with uniform heat source and radiation
Authors: Mishra S.R. , Hoque Mohammad Mainul , Mohanty B. , Anika N.N. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The present study examines the effect of heat transfer on electrically conducting MHD micropolar fluid flow along a semi-infinite horizontal plate with radiation and heat source. The uniform magnetic field has applied along the principal flow direction. The obtained governing equations have been converted into a set of dimensionless differential equations and then numerically solved by using a well-known Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The velocity, microrotation, and temperature distribution are presented for various physical parameters. The numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt numbers at the plates are shown in tabular form, and the obtained results are compared with the results of a previous study. It has been found that the magnetic parameter increases the velocity profile whereas the boundary layer thickness reduces due to the inclusion of coupling parameter and inertia effect. The presence/absence of magnetic parameter and coupling parameter enable to enhance the angular velocity profile while it is worth to note that the backflow has generated in the vicinity of the plate.
Control of separately excited DC motor with series multi-cells chopper using PI - Petri nets controller
Authors: Hamida Mohamed Lamine , Denoun Hakim , Fekik Arezki , Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The separately excited Direct Current (DC) motor is widely used in many industrial sectors. During the operation of the DC motor, the load torque and the voltage of the network can cause a destabilization of the actual speed and actual current. Thus, the need to regulate the speed and current of the DC motor is a very important research problem. In this paper, a control strategy of separately excited DC motor using a series multi-cells chopper is described. The proposed control is based on Proportional-Integral (PI) and Petri nets controllers. Specifically, the conventional PI controller is used to control the speed of DC motor. The Petri nets controller ensures the regulation of the armature current and to maintain the capacitor voltage of the multi-cells converter to its reference. The Petri nets controller also generates binary control switches. The proposed control system has been implemented using MATLAB Sim Power. Simulation results demonstrate that a series multi-cells chopper and the proposed control give a good performance and high robustness in load disturbance for the separately excited DC motor.
Advocating for Life Support Training of Children, Parents, Caregivers, School Personnel, and the Public
Authors: Callahan James M. , Fuchs Susan M. ,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Wright Joseph , Adirim Terry , Agus Michael S.D. , Gross Toni , Lane Natalie , Lee Lois , Mazor Suzan , Mahajan Prashant , Timm Nathan 
Published: May 2018

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed December 2024.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurs frequently among people of all ages, including more than 6000 children annually. Pediatric cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital setting is a stressful event for family, friends, caregivers, classmates, school personnel, and witnesses. Immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automated external defibrillators are associated with improved survival in adults. There is some evidence in which improved survival in children who receive immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation is shown. Pediatricians, in their role as advocates to improve the health of all children, are uniquely positioned to strongly encourage the training of children, parents, caregivers, school personnel, and the lay public in the provision of basic life support, including pediatric basic life support, as well as the appropriate use of automated external defibrillators.
Advocating for Life Support Training of Children, Parents, Caregivers, School Personnel, and the Public
Authors: Fuchs Susan M. ,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Wright Joseph , Adirim Terry , Agus Michael S.D. , Callahan James , Gross Toni , Lane Natalie , Lee Lois , Mazor Suzan , Mahajan Prashant , Timm Nathan 
Published: May 2018

This Technical Report was reaffirmed December 2024.
Pediatric cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital setting is a traumatic event for family, friends, caregivers, classmates, and school personnel. Immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of automatic external defibrillators have been shown to improve survival in adults. There is some evidence to show improved survival in children who receive immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pediatricians, in their role as advocates to improve the health of all children, are uniquely positioned to strongly encourage the training of children, parents, caregivers, school personnel, and the lay public in the provision of basic life support, including pediatric basic life support, as well as the appropriate use of automated external defibrillators.
El hombre-canasto
Authors: López-Hernández Miguelángel Epeeyüi 
Published: May 2018

El concepto 'Canasto' se asume en tanto es virtud de ser lenguaje espacio-tiempo, que configura el origen (... del mundo) en el hacer de la vida. La construcción humana en la cotidianidad, en el espacio común colectivo, requiere de enlaces e interpretaciones con esos otros mundos o dimensiones que rodean al Hombre desde la invisibilidad... este lenguaje teje y enlaza el espacio breve y tangible del humano con el espacio infinito del universo. El hombre-canasto representa la comunicación circular de la memoria de todo lo existente.