bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of post-operative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Adetunji Busayo , Afolabi Samson , Alare Kehinde , Adeleke Oluwatimilehin , Owonikoko Abdulsalam , Adegbesan Abiodun , Damola-Okesiji Adebola , Olakunde Tomilola , Adewumi Adetayo , Adekanmbi Azeezat , Agbama Joseph , Ibiyemi Oluwaseun , Kokogho Eromo , Uwoghiren Ogbemudia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard treatment for resectable pancreatic head and periampullary cancers. Despite advancements, post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a significant complication. The pathophysiology of POPF is multifactorial, involving patient-related factors, surgical technique, and postoperative management. Identifying reliable predictors for POPF is crucial for risk stratification and improving patient outcomes. This study aims to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to identify the most consistent and significant predictors of POPF following pancreaticoduodenectomy. The objectives are to evaluate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors and determine their relative importance and strength of association with POPF. This systematic review and meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO. The systematic review and meta-analysis will also follow the Population, Intervention, Comparators and Outcomes framework. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted across PUBMED, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library. Studies will be selected based on inclusion criteria, and data will be extracted and assessed for quality using standardized tools. Meta-analysis will be performed using a random-effects model, and the confidence in cumulative evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.
APOE ε4 and Dietary Patterns in Relation to Cognitive Function: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Urich Thomas J , Tsiknia Amaryllis A , Ali Nada , Park Jackson , Mack Wendy J , Cortessis Victoria K , Dinalo Jennifer E , Yassine Hussein N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Carrying the apolipoprotein ε4 allele (APOE ε4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. There is some evidence suggesting that APOE ε4 may modulate the influence of diet on cognitive function.

Objective
This umbrella review of systematic reviews evaluates the existing literature on the effect of dietary interventions on cognitive and brain-imaging outcomes by APOE status.

Data Sources
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched using terms appropriate to each area of research, from their respective starting dates of coverage until March 2023.

Data Extraction
Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and performed a quality appraisal using the Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2

Data Analysis
Six total reviews were included in the final analysis. Four reviews evaluated randomized controlled trials on individuals aged 50–93 years ranging the entire cognitive continuum. One review combined observational studies and clinical trials conducted on both cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired individuals (age range: 50–90), and 1 review included observational studies of both cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired adults (age range: 50–75).

Results
Both observational studies and clinical trials yielded inconclusive results attributed to both practical limitations associated with longitudinal follow-up and issues of methodological quality. Except for the Mediterranean diet, dietary interventions, such as the ketogenic diet, nutraceuticals, and supplements, were generally not effective in older APOE ε4 carriers. This review considers plausible biological mechanisms that might explain why older and cognitively impaired APOE ε4 carriers were less likely to benefit.

Conclusion
This review identifies notable gaps in the literature, such as a shortage of studies conducted in middle-aged and cognitively healthy APOE ε4 carriers assessing the impact of dietary interventions and provides suggestions for novel trial designs.
Introduction
Authors: Kurzman Charles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“Liberal Islam” may sound like a contradiction in terms. For centuries, the West has identified Islam with its most exotic elements. Islamic faith is equated with fanaticism, as in Voltaire’sMahomet, or Fanaticism (1745). Islamic political authority is equated with despotism, as in Montesquieu’s intentionally redundant phrase “Oriental despotism” or Francis Bacon’s definition (1612): “A monarchy, where there is no nobility at all, is ever a pure and absolute tyranny; as that of the Turks.” Islamic military practices are equated with terror and rape, as in Eugene Delacroix’s famous painting “Massacre at Chios” (1824). Islamic tradition is equated with backwardness and primitiveness, as in Ernest Renan ‘s inaugural lecture at the College de France (l 862), one of the founding documents of modem Orientalism: Islam is the complete negation of Europe ... Islam is the disdain of science, the suppression of civil society; it is the appalling simplicity of the Semitic spirit, restricting the human mind, closing it to all delicate ideas, to all refined sentiment, to all rational research, in order to keep it facing an eternal tautology: God is God.
The Indonesian Revolution
Authors: Natsir Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Born in Sumatra, Muhammad Natsir (Indonesia, 1908-1993) was among the first Indonesians to receive a European education. He combined this Western training with his Islamic beliefs to create a modernist interpretation of Islam, which he promoted as leader of the modernist wing of the Consultative Congress of Indonesian Muslims (the Masjumi party) during the 1940s and I 950s.1 After Indonesia regained its independence, Natsir rose to the prime ministership, serving for a year in 1950-1951. Thereafter, through his speeches and interviews, he “became identified as the champion of liberal parliamentary democracy.” In the following essay from 1955, Natsir urges Muslims to accept the secular Indonesian state (analogous to the Kabir and Zafar essays in this volume). In 1958, Natsir appears to have abandoned these views, siding with an Islamic revolutionary movement in Sumatra, serving several years in prison, and emerging with far more rigid theological positions. The younger generation of Indonesian Islamic reformers, represented by Nurcholish Madjid in this volume, viewed Natsir as a recalcitrant member of the old guard.
Rethinking Islam Today
Authors: Arkoun Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mohamed Arkoun (Algeria-France, born 1928) received his doctorate at the Sorbonne in Paris and joined the faculty there as Professor of Islamic Thought in 1963. In a series of works since the early 1970s, Arkoun has attempted to reshape Islamic interpretation through the use of contemporary social-scientific, particularly linguistic, methods. “One of the most articulate ... liberal Muslims,”1 Arkoun has embarked on “an intellectual cru sade,”2 engaging Islamic radicals in debate and arguing for pluralism within Islam, acceptance of multiple interpretations of the sacred texts, and a more self-conscious attitude toward one’s own interpretation. The following chapter serves as an introduction to and summary of Arkoun’s work: its style is somewhat more accessible than his French work. age and initiate audacious, free, productive thinking on Islam today. The so-called Islamic revivalism has monopolized the discourse on Islam; the social scientists, moreover, do not pay attention to what I call the “silent Islam”-the Islam of true believers who attach more importance to the religious relationship with the absolute of God than to the vehement demonstrations of political movements.
Détermination du domaine d’application du principe dit de l’Or monétaire dans le droit de la Cour internationale de Justice
Authors: Kolb Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since 1954, the ICJ has introduced in its jurisprudence the “Monetary Gold” principle. According to this principle, the Court cannot exercise a jurisdiction regularly conferred if it must, in order to decide the dispute having been submitted to it, first decide on the legal position of a third state that has not given its consent to the Court doing so. In an interconnected word where the jurisdiction of the Court is already frustrated by the rarity of required consent or by many reservations engrafted upon the various titles of jurisdiction, it has proven necessary in practice the reduce the potentially toxic scope of a “Monetary Gold” principle writ too large. This contribution considers the stages through which the Court progressively tamed the principle, either by tuning down its reach through well-calibrated carve-outs (e.g., the Nauru jurisprudence) or by affirming that consent had been somehow in effect conferred (the recent Guyana/Venezuela jurisprudence). The true and current scope of the principle is thereby reassessed.
Reparations for Internationally Wrongful Acts Against the Sámi Indigenous People
Authors: Lingaas Carola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interstate reparation aims to amend internationally wrongful acts and restore the situation status quo ante. Yet, in cases of forceful assimilation, the pre-existing situation cannot be restored. This paper explores reparation beyond human rights law for the Sámi Indigenous people in Norway, who were exposed to a century-long forced assimilation. It explores two theoretical strands: (1) traditional reparation for international wrongful acts against the Sámi; and (2) independent sovereign claims to reparation for non-state entities. In the first strand, the paper critically discusses compensation, restitution, and satisfaction by using historical examples from Sápmi. It questions the usefulness and the implications for reparations of the doctrine of intertemporality in cases of past and ongoing colonialism. In the second strand, the elements of statehood are applied to the case of the Sámi, considering their permanent population, defined territory, effective government, and ability to enter into international relations. The paper concludes that the rules of state responsibility and their current interpretation are unsuitable to address historical and systemic injustices that the state inflicted upon its own Indigenous population and calls for decolonial and indigenous perspectives on reparation as well as a re-evaluation of the role of states in granting reparation.
WTO Dispute Settlement System (WTO DSS)
Authors: Gomula Joanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 2022–2023, the crisis of the WTO dispute settlement continued. The Appellate Body remained dysfunctional, with the pile of appealed panel reports constantly increasing and the number of disputes notified to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) falling dramatically. However, despite this situation, two panel reports were adopted in this period, both concerning trade remedies (safeguards and anti-dumping measures). Moreover, the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement (MPIA) was inaugurated by its first completed appeal in a dispute between MPIA participants, the European Union and Colombia. The MPIA arbitration panel upheld most of the WTO panel’s findings and proposed a revised approach to the deferential standard of review in Article 17.6 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement. Thus, despite the ongoing crisis, there were some, albeit small, developments in WTO dispute settlement.
ECOWAS Community Court of Justice (ECCJ)
Authors: Kufuor Kofi Oteng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has a human rights mandate. Its constitutive Treaty of 1993 includes as one of its principles the recognition, promotion, and protection of human and peoples’ rights in accordance with the provisions of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice was established by Protocol in 1991 and heard its first case in 2001. Through its jurisprudence it has interpreted and clarified the rights of ECOWAS nationals. It has also lowered the barriers to access and has further expanded the range of persons who can come before it. The Court has also clarified its relationship with the national courts of its member states.
Osmotic stress in roots drives lipoxygenase-dependent plastid remodeling through singlet oxygen production
Authors: Cohen-Hoch Dekel , Chen Tomer , Sharabi Lior , Dezorella Nili , Itkin Maxim , Feiguelman Gil , Malitsky Sergey , Fluhr Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Osmotic stress, caused by the lack of water or by high salinity, is a common problem in plant roots. Osmotic stress can be reproducibly simulated with the application of solutions of the high-molecular-weight and impermeable polyethylene glycol. The accumulation of different reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, accompany this stress. Among them, singlet oxygen, produced as a byproduct of lipoxygenase activity, has been associated with limiting root growth. To better understand the source and effect of singlet oxygen, we followed its production at the cellular level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Osmotic stress initiated profound changes in plastid and vacuole structure. Confocal and electron microscopy showed that the plastids were a source of singlet oxygen accompanied by the appearance of multiple, small extraplastidic bodies that were also an intense source of singlet oxygen. A marker protein, CRUMPLED LEAF, indicated that these small bodies originated from the plastid outer membrane. Remarkably, LINOLEATE 9S-LIPOXYGENASE 5 (LOX5) was shown to change its distribution from uniformly cytoplasmic to a more clumped distribution together with plastids and the small bodies. In addition, oxylipin products of Type 9 lipoxygenase increased, while products of Type 13 lipoxygenases decreased. Inhibition of lipoxygenase by the salicylhydroxamic acid inhibitor or in downregulated lipoxygenase lines prevented cells from initiating the cellular responses, leading to cell death. In contrast, singlet oxygen scavenging halted terminal cell death. These findings underscore the reversible nature of osmotic stress-induced changes, emphasizing the pivotal roles of lipoxygenases and singlet oxygen in root stress physiology.
Metabolic flux analysis to increase oil in seeds
Authors: Mukherjee Thiya , Kambhampati Shrikaar , Morley Stewart A , Durrett Timothy P , Allen Doug K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ensuring an adequate food supply and enough energy to sustainably support future global populations will require enhanced productivity from plants. Oilseeds can help address these needs; but the fatty acid composition of seed oils is not always optimal, and higher yields are required to meet growing demands. Quantitative approaches including metabolic flux analysis can provide insights on unexpected metabolism (i.e. when metabolism is different than in a textbook) and can be used to guide engineering efforts; however, as metabolism is context specific, it changes with tissue type, local environment, and development. This review describes recent insights from metabolic flux analysis in oilseeds and indicates engineering opportunities based on emerging topics and developing technologies that will aid quantitative understanding of metabolism and enable efforts to produce more oil. We also suggest that investigating the key regulators of fatty acid biosynthesis, such as transcription factors, and exploring metabolic signals like phytohormones in greater depth through flux analysis could open new pathways for advancing genetic engineering and breeding strategies to enhance oil crop production.
Quantum Entanglement to Extract a True Ground State from an Approximate Ground State
Authors: Oshima Kazuto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We propose a procedure to extract a true ground state from an approximate ground state by using quantum entanglement. We use plural ancilla qubits with hierarchical structure, intending to gradually improve the precision of the approximation. We demonstrate the procedure for quantum systems with a few qubits that derive from the (1+1)-dimensional Schwinger model by classically emulated digital quantum simulation. Although we use for simplicity an approximate ground state prepared by adiabatic quantum computation, our procedure is applicable to any approximate ground state that is a superposition of a true ground state and excited states. Our procedure is applicable for an $N$-qubits Hamiltonian with a nondegenerate ground state.
Upregulation of ACSL, ND75, Vha26 and sesB genes by antiepileptic drugs resulted in genotoxicity in drosophila
Authors: Shamapari R , Nagaraj K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Clobazam (CLB) and Vigabatrin (VGB) are commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of epilepsy. Here, we have examined the genotoxic effect of these AEDs in Drosophila melanogaster. The Drosophila larvae were exposed to different concentrations of CLB and VGB containing food media. The assessment encompassed oxidative stress, DNA damage, protein levels, and gene expression profiles. In the CLB-treated group, a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels was observed, alongside increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nitric oxide (NO). Conversely, the VGB-treated group displayed contrasting results, with increased ROS and LPO and decreased SOD, CAT, and NO levels. However, both CLB and VGB induced DNA damage in Drosophila. Proteomic analysis (SDS-PAGE and OHRLCMS) in the CLB and VGB groups identified numerous proteins, including Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain, NADH–ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, V-type proton ATPase subunit E, ADP/ATP carrier protein, malic enzyme, and DNA-binding protein modulo. These proteins were found to be associated with pathways like growth promotion, notch signaling, Wnt signaling, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) signaling, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, and other GABAergic mechanisms. Furthermore, mRNA levels of ACSL, ND75, Vha26, sesB, and Men genes were upregulated in both CLB and VGB-treated groups. These findings suggest that CLB and VGB could have the potential to induce genotoxicity and post-transcriptional modifications in humans, highlighting the importance of monitoring their effects when used as AEDs.
Hippocampal cannabinoid type 2 receptor alleviates chronic neuropathic pain‐induced cognitive impairment via microglial DUSP6 pathway in rats
Authors: Xu Lichi , Zhu Afang , Xu Shuxiang , Zhao Jiale , Song Shujia , Zhu He , Huang Yuguang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractApproximately 50% of patients with chronic neuropathic pain experience cognitive impairment, which negatively impacts their quality of life. The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) may be involved in hippocampal cognitive processes. However, its role in chronic neuropathic pain‐induced cognitive impairment remains elusive. Spared nerve injury (SNI) was used to induce chronic neuropathic pain in rats, while the novel‐object recognition test and the Y‐maze test were employed to assess cognitive function. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and stereotaxic hippocampal microinjection were utilized to elucidate the potential mechanisms. We observed a reduction in mechanical pain threshold and cognitive impairment in SNI rats. This was accompanied by a tendency for hippocampal microglia to adopt pro‐inflammatory functions. Notably, no changes were detected in CB2R expression. However, downregulation of the endogenous ligands AEA and 2‐AG was evident. Hippocampal microinjection of a CB2R agonist mitigated cognitive impairment in SNI rats, which correlated with a tendency for microglia to adopt anti‐inflammatory functions. Additionally, SNI‐induced activation of the p‐ERK/NFκB pathway in the hippocampus. Activation of CB2R reversed this process by upregulating DUSP6 expression in microglia. The effects elicited by CB2R activation could be inhibited through the downregulation of microglial DUSP6 via hippocampal adeno‐associated virus (AAV) microinjection. Conversely, overexpression of hippocampal DUSP6 using AAV ameliorated the cognitive deficits observed in SNI rats, which remained unaffected by the administration of a CB2R antagonist. Our findings demonstrate that activation of hippocampal CB2R can mitigate chronic neuropathic pain‐induced cognitive impairment through the modulation of the DUSP6/ERK/NFκB pathway.
Complications, Costs, and Health Care Resource Use with Tissue Biopsy Followed by Liquid Biopsy Versus Tissue Re-biopsy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Nonsmall-cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shah Anne , Apple Jon , Aslam Saad , Engel-Nitz Nicole M. , Le Lisa , Terpenning Marilou 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
We compared complications, costs, and health care resource utilization (HCRU) of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic nonsmall-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) who had a tissue biopsy followed by either liquid biopsy (TFLB) (identified with a novel algorithm) or tissue re-biopsy (TRB).

Methods:
This claims-based retrospective analysis included commercial and Medicare Advantage members in the Optum Research Database with mNSCLC (January 2017 to June 2021) and ≥2 tissue biopsy claims (7 to 90 d apart) (TRB) or ≥1 tissue and ≥1 liquid biopsy claim within 90 days (TFLB). Patients in the TFLB group were matched 1:1 to patients in the TRB group using propensity score matching. Surgical biopsy-related complications and complication-related and all-cause medical costs and HCRU during the 6-month follow-up were compared.

Results:
Both groups had 235 patients post-match. During the follow-up, the surgical biopsy-related complication rate was lower in the TFLB group than the TRB group (65.1% [153/235] vs. 84.7% [199/235], P<0.001). Mean complication-related medical costs were significantly lower with TFLB ($8494 vs. $19,741, P<0.001) during the follow-up; mean (SD) duration of complication-related inpatient stays was significantly lower with TFLB (3.5 [7.0] vs. 6.6 [13.3] d, P=0.002). Mean all-cause medical costs were not significantly different between the groups; the TFLB group had fewer all-cause inpatient stays, inpatient days, and outpatient visits.

Conclusions:
Multiple tissue biopsy procedures may be associated with significantly higher biopsy complication rates, higher complication-related medical costs, and longer complication-related inpatient stays than TFLB. All-cause medical costs were similar between groups.