bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence Analysis of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Latent Membrane Protein-1 Gene and Promoter Region: Identification of Four Variants Among Wild-Type EBV Isolates
Authors: Sandvej Kristian , Gratama Jan W. , Munch Mette , Zhou Xiao-Ge , Bolhuis Reinder L.H. , Storstein Andresen Brage , Gregersen Niels , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sequence variations in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene have been described in a Chinese nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived isolate (CAO), and in viral isolates from various EBV-associated tumors. It has been suggested that these genetic changes, which include loss of a Xho I restriction site (position 169425) and a C-terminal 30-base pair (bp) deletion (position 168287-168256), define EBV genotypes associated with increased tumorigenicity or with disease among particular geographic populations. To determine the frequency of LMP-1 variations in European wild-type virus isolates, we sequenced the LMP1 promoter and gene in EBV from lymphoblastoid cell lines from healthy carriers and patients without EBV-associated disease. Sequence changes were often present, and defined at least four main groups of viral isolates, which we designate Groups A through D. The widespread prevalence of LMP-1 sequence variations, particularly the Xho I polymorphism and the 30-bp deletion, indicate that they cannot be used as simple markers for oncogenic viruses related to particular forms of EBV-associated tumor. Several of the structural changes detected occur, however, at sites where they may affect transcription, translation, or function of LMP-1. Future in vitro studies should aim to establish the functional importance of variations at these sites.
Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc-Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion Involving the Urokinase Receptor and β2-Integrins
Authors: Chavakis Triantafyllos , May Andreas E. , Preissner Klaus T. , Kanse Sandip M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe trace element Zinc (Zn2+) has been implicated as a mediator in host defense, yet the molecular basis for its extracellular functions remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that Zn2+can induce the adhesion of myelomonocytic cells to the endothelium, as well as to the provisional matrix proteins vitronectin (VN) and fibrinogen (FBG), which are pivotal steps for the recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed/injured tissue. Physiologic concentrations of Zn2+ increased the urokinase receptor (uPAR)-mediated adhesion of myelomonocytic cells to VN, whereas other divalent cations had smaller effects. Zn2+-induced cell adhesion to VN was abolished by cation chelators such as 1-10-phenanthroline, as well as by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against uPAR. These characteristics could be recapitulated with a uPAR-transfected cell line emphasizing the specificity of this receptor system for Zn2+-dependent cell adhesion. Like urokinase (uPA), Zn2+ increased the binding of radiolabeled VN to uPAR-expressing cells, as well as the interaction of VN with immobilized uPAR in an isolated system. Moreover, Zn2+ enhanced leukocytic cell adhesion to FBG and endothelial cell monolayers by activating β2-integrins. Instead of the direct β2-integrin activation through the divalent cation binding site, Zn2+-induced integrin activation was mediated via uPAR, a crucial regulator of this system. The present study uncovers for the first time Zn2+-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms that may play a crucial role in modulating leukocyte adhesion to vessel wall components.
Role of NF-κB in the Rescue of Multiple Myeloma Cells From Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis by Bcl-2
Authors: Feinman Rena , Koury Jadd , Thames Michael , Barlogie Bart , Epstein Joshua , Siegel David S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which multiple myeloma (MM) cells evade glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis have not been delineated. Using a human IgAκ MM cell line (ARP-1), we found that dexamethasone (Dex)-induced apoptosis is associated with decreased NF-κB DNA binding and κB-dependent transcription. Both nuclear p50:p50 and p50:p65 NF-κB complexes are detected in ARP-1 cells by supershift electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Dex-mediated inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding precedes a notable increase in annexin V binding, thereby indicating that diminished NF-κB activity is an early event in Dex-induced apoptosis. Overexpression of bcl-2 in ARP-1 cells prevents Dex-mediated repression of NF-κB activity and apoptosis. Sustained NF-κB DNA binding is also observed in two previously characterized Dex-resistant MM cell lines (RPMI8226 and ARH-77) that express moderate levels of endogenous bcl-2 and IκB proteins. In addition, enforced bcl-2 expression in ARP-1 cells did not prevent the augmentation of IκB protein by Dex. We also noted a possible association between Dex-mediated downregulation of NF-κB in freshly obtained primary myeloma cells and the patients’ responsiveness to glucocorticoid-based chemotherapy. Collectively, our data suggest that the protective effects of bcl-2 in MM cells act upstream in the NF-κB activation–signaling pathway and the potential use of NF-κB as a biomarker in progressive MM.
Increased apoptosis of peripheral blood T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Lin Ming-Tseh , Tseng Li-Hui , Frangoul Haydar , Gooley Ted , Pei Ji , Barsoukov Alexandre , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Hansen John A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLymphopenia and immune deficiency are significant problems following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). It is largely assumed that delayed immune reconstruction is due to a profound decrease in thymus-dependent lymphopoiesis, especially in older patients, but apoptosis is also known to play a significant role in lymphocyte homeostasis. Peripheral T cells from patients who received HCT were studied for evidence of increased cell death. Spontaneous apoptosis was measured in CD3+ T cells following a 24-hour incubation using 7-amino-actinomycin D in conjunction with the dual staining of cell surface antigens. Apoptosis was significantly greater among CD3+ T cells taken from patients 19-23 days after transplantation (30.4% ± 12.5%,P &lt; .05), and 1 year after transplantation (9.7% ± 2.8%, P &lt; .05) compared with healthy controls (4.0% ± 1.5%). Increased apoptosis occurred preferentially in HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-DR positive cells and in both CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ T-cell subsets, while CD56+/CD3− natural killer cells were relatively resistant to apoptosis. The extent of CD4+T-cell apoptosis was greater in patients with grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (33.9% ± 11.3%) compared with grade 0-I GVHD (14.6 ± 6.5%, P &lt; .05). T-cell apoptosis was also greater in patients who received transplantations from HLA-mismatched donors (39.5% ± 10.4%,P &lt; .05) or HLA-matched unrelated donors (32.1% ± 11.4%, P &lt; .05) compared with patients who received transplantations from HLA-identical siblings (19.6% ± 6.7%). The intensity of apoptosis among CD4+ T cells was significantly correlated with a lower CD4+ T-cell count. Together, these observations suggest that activation of T cells in vivo, presumably by alloantigens, predisposes the cells to spontaneous apoptosis, and this phenomenon is associated with lymphopenia. Activation-induced T-cell apoptosis may contribute to delayed immune reconstitution following HCT.
Detection of active hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus/GB virus C replication in bone marrow in human subjects
Authors: Radkowski Marek , Kubicka Joanna , Kisiel Elzbieta , Cianciara Janusz , Nowicki Marek , Rakela Jorge , Laskus Tomasz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have analyzed the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis G virus (HGV) sequences in bone marrow and serum samples from 48 patients of a hematologic outpatient clinic. HCV RNA was detected in 18 (38%) and 15 (31%) and HGV RNA was detected in 6 (13%) and 9 (19%) of serum and bone marrow samples, respectively. In 3 patients, HGV RNA was detectable in bone marrow but not in the serum; 2 of these patients were negative for the presence of specific antibodies. Using a highly strand-specific Tth-based reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the presence of HCV RNA and HGV RNA negative strand was demonstrated in 4 and 5 bone marrow samples, respectively. Our study shows that HCV and HGV can replicate in bone marrow; in the case of HGV, analysis of serum may underestimate the true prevalence of infection.
Severe clinical manifestation of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase deficiency associated with two novel mutations: a case report
Authors: Liu Hao , Miao Jing-kun , Yu Chao-wen , Wan Ke-xing , Zhang Juan , Yuan Zhao-jian , Yang Jing , Wang Dong-juan , Zeng Yan , Zou Lin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (mHS) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which will give rise to failure of ketogenesis in liver during illness or fasting. It is a very rare disease with only a few patients reported worldwide, most of which had a good prognosis after proper therapies.

Case presentation
We report a 9-month-old boy with mHS deficiency presenting with unusually severe and persistent acidosis after diarrhea and reduced oral food intake. The metabolic acidosis persisted even after supplementation with sugar and alkaline solution. Blood purification and assisted respiration alleviated symptoms, but a second onset induced by respiratory infection several days later led to multiple organ failure and death. Urine organic acid analysis during the acute episode revealed a complex pattern of ketogenic dicarboxylic and 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria with prominent elevation of glutaric acid and adipic acid, which seem to be specific to mHS deficiency. Plasma acylcarnitine analysis revealed elevated 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine. This is the first report of elevated 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine in mHS deficiency. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation in HMGCS2 (c.100C > T and c.1465delA).

Conclusion
This severe case suggests the need for patients with mHS deficiency to avoid recurrent illness because it can induce severe metabolic crisis, possibly leading to death. Such patients may also require special treatment, such as blood purification. Urine organic acid profile during the acute episode may give a hint to the disease.
“Unrigging the support wheels” - A qualitative study on patients’ experiences with and perspectives on low-intensity CBT
Authors: Haller Elisa , Besson Nicole , Watzke Birgit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Low-intensity treatments imply reduced therapist contact due to an emphasis on self-help and the use of technologies to deliver treatment. The role of the remoteness, the reduced therapist contact, and the interplay of these components has not been differentiated from a patients’ perspective so far. This study’s purpose is to capture patients’ experiences with telephone-based self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (tel-CBT).

Methods
A subsample of mildly to moderately depressed patients (N = 13) who finished tel-CBT as part of a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT) in routine care were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by two coders blind to treatment outcome. Using qualitative content analysis with deductive and inductive procedures, a two-level category system was established.

Results
The category system contains four category clusters regarding expectations, self-help related aspects, telephone-related aspects, and implications for patients’ treatment pathway, and subsumes a total of 15 categories. Self-help related aspects circulate around the interplay between written materials and professional input, trust and support in the therapeutic relationship and its relation to the initial personal contact, as well as CBT principles. Telephone-related aspects entail perceived advantages and disadvantages of the telephone on an organisational and content level as well as a discourse around distance and closeness in the interaction. Although patients raised doubts regarding the long-term effect of the intervention on symptomatology, patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment and reported an immediate as well as a longer lasting personal impact of the treatment. These results indicate user acceptance with tel-CBT.

Conclusions
This qualitative analysis captures patients’ experiences with tel-CBT and the perceived helpfulness of the diverse treatment components. This can facilitate refining aspects of low-intensity treatments and might improve dissemination.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02667366. Registered on 3 December 2015.
Acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to delirium tremens: a case report
Authors: Mirande Maxwell D. , Kubac George , Nguyen Anh T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Delirium tremens is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Literature documenting acute coronary events in the setting of alcohol withdrawal remains scarce. An accepted hypothesis for the underlying process is focused on the hyperadrenergic state that leads to coronary vasospasm and increased myocardial oxygen demand.

Case presentation
A 47-year-old Caucasian man with a past medical history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, hypertension, and anxiety presented to the emergency department for crampy epigastric abdominal pain with intractable nausea and vomiting for the past 2 days. His reported last alcoholic intake was about 10 days prior; however, outpatient records indicated otherwise. He was admitted for electrolyte replacement and fluid resuscitation secondary to gastrointestinal losses from presumed early alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The following night, he developed acute substernal chest pain with elevated cardiac enzymes. Electrocardiography showed an acute inferoposterior infarct with reciprocal changes in leads V1–V4. The patient was taken for emergent catheterization, and a drug-eluting stent was placed in the middle of the left anterior descending artery. Postcatheterization electrocardiography showed sustained inferolateral ST elevations consistent with acute injury pattern. The patient had not required any benzodiazepines until this point. On the morning of catheterization, the patient’s Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised score was 19 with a high of 25, and he was actively hallucinating. He was treated for delirium tremens and an acute coronary event along with an incidental pneumonia. He did not require any benzodiazepines during the last 4 days of admission, and he made a full recovery.

Conclusions
The prevalence of alcohol dependence in hospitalized patients is substantial. Although our patient was being treated with the standard protocols for alcohol withdrawal, he rapidly developed delirium tremens, which led to an acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the setting of nonoccluded coronary vessels. This case report adds to the sparse literature documenting acute coronary events in the setting of alcohol withdrawal and suggests that our patient’s ST-elevation myocardial infarction is not fully explained by the current coronary vasospasm hypothesis, but rather was in part the result of direct catecholamine-associated myocardial injury. Further research should be conducted on prophylactic agents such as β-blockers and calcium channel blockers.
Red List of Estonian lichens: revision in 2019
Authors: Lõhmus Piret , Marmor Liis , Jüriado Inga , Suija Ave , Oja Ede , Degtjarenko Polina , Randlane Tiina 
Published: October 2019

The second assessment of the threat status of Estonian lichens based on IUCN system was performed in 2019. The main basis for choosing the species to be currently assessed was the list of legally protected lichens and the list of species assigned to the Red List Categories RE–DD in 2008. Species that had been assessed as Least Concern (LC) in 2008 were not evaluated. Altogether, threat status of 229 lichen species was assessed, among them 181 were assigned to the threatened categories (CR, EN, VU), while no species were assigned to the LC category. Compared to the previous red list, category was deteriorated for 58% and remained the same for 32% of species. In Estonia, threatened lichens inhabit mainly forests (particularly dry boreal and nemoral deciduous stands), alvar grasslands, sand dunes and various saxicolous habitats. Therefore, the most frequent threat factors were forest cutting and overgrowing of alvars and dunes (main threat factor for 96 and 70 species, respectfully).

Eesti samblike punane nimestik 2019
2019. aastal viidi läbi teistkordne IUCN süsteemil põhinev Eesti samblike ohustatuse hindamine. Hinnati liike, mis on riiklikult kaitstud ning liike, mis 2008. aasta hindamise järgi olid Eestis kas regionaalselt välja surnud, kriitilises seisundis, väljasuremisohus, ohualtid, ohulähedased või puuduliku andmestikuga (kategooriad RE–DD). 2008. a-l kategooriasse Soodsas seisundis (LC) kuulunud liike ei kaasatud uude hindamisse. Kokku hinnati 229 samblikuliigi ohustatust, nendest 181 kuulusid ohustatud kategooriatesse (CR, EN või VU); ükski hinnatud liik ei sobinud kategooriasse LC. Võrreldes eelmise punase nimestikuga tõusis kategooria 58% liikidel ning jäi samaks 32%-l. Ohustatud samblikuliigid asustavad Eestis peamiselt metsi (eriti palu- ja salumetsi), loopealseid, liivikuid ning erinevaid kivi-kasvupindu. Seetõttu on sagedasemad ohutegurid metsaraie ning loodude ja liivikute kinnikasvamine (oluline tegur vastavalt 96 ja 70 liigile).
DIREITO DE SUPERFÍCIE COMO INSTRUMENTO DE POLÍTICA URBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ANÁPOLIS (GO)
Authors: Ribeiro Idelmar Da Silva , Luz Janes Socorro da , Valva Milena D’ayala 
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem o intuito de tecer considerações sobre a utilização do Direito de Superfície, além de verificar a sua aplicação no município em análise. Inicialmente fez-se uma discussão sobre o desenvolvimento das políticas urbanas no Brasil e o seu potencial de utilização na garantia da função social da propriedade. Para tanto, foram pesquisadas bibliografias disponíveis sobre o assunto que subsidiassem uma avaliação do uso do Direito de Superfície, no âmbito público e privado, bem como as vantagens que o uso adequado desse instrumento proporciona para proprietários e para os detentores desse Direito. Posteriormente, fez-se uma análise do uso desse instrumento na zona urbana do município de Anápolis (GO), por meio do estudo do seu Plano Diretor e outras legislações pertinentes, além de consultas a Procuradoria do município. Ao final, percebe-se que apesar das recentes iniciativas de planejamento urbano no Brasil terem ganhado visibilidade, o arcabouço legal ainda é recente e pouco utilizado pela maioria dos municípios brasileiros, em especial, no que se refere ao uso do Direito de Superfície para a regularização fundiária urbana.
The Ninus Romance: New Textual and Contextual Studies
Authors: López Martínez María Paz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new scenario is proposed regarding the origin of the Ninus: the text may have been written in Parthia halfway through the 1st century BC. This article offers a proposal for the plot of the first part of this work, and speculation on whether the motifs of the Ninus have left their mark on Persian literature. The existence of another Greek lost novel, where the main character would be Semiramis, is suggested.
PQtutor, a quasi-intelligent tutoring system for quantitative problems in General Chemistry
Authors: Theis Karsten W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The best tutors give a student the appropriate amount of guidance necessary for learning while helping the student stay confident, motivated and focused. So-called intelligent tutoring systems, trying to replicate the discipline-specific and the psychological dimensions of expert human tutoring, require enormous investments and are not accessible to the larger student population. PQtutor (physical quantities tutor) is a free online tutor designed to help students work out homework problems closely related to worked examples. The software is an extension of a free online calculator for science learners and uses problems from an open (free) textbook, making PQtutor accessible in terms of both technology and cost. PQtutor works by comparing student input to a model answer in order to generate prompts for finding a path to the solution and for correcting mistakes. The feedback is in the form of questions from a virtual study group suggesting problem-solving moves such as accessing relevant content knowledge, reviewing worked examples, or reflection on what their answer means. In cases where these moves have been exhausted but the problem remains unsolved, the tutoring system suggests seeking intelligent human help.
Quality assessment of Locata positioning system
Authors: Grgac Igor , Paar Rinaldo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
GNSS has limitations or cannot be applied in specific environments with poor geometry like city streets, tunnels, bridges, quarries, mines, ports or in indoor environment in general. In 2003 Locata Corporation from Australia began with the development of a new, completely independent technology called Locata, which was designed to overcome the limitations of GNSS. Within the project “Wearable Outdoor Augmented Reality System for the Enrichment of Touristic Content” Locata system was implemented for the first time in the Republic of Croatia. The quality of the established LocataNet network and the quality of the Locata positioning are presented in this paper as the basis for future research of possibilities to use Locata in displacement measurement. Achieved positioning precision is in a range of few mm in the horizontal direction and up to a couple of cm in the vertical direction. Although high level of precision is achieved, the accuracy, i. e. the errors of positioning solutions are up to several cm. Among other things, the research presented in this paper is focused on the reasons for achieved lower accuracy that probably have their roots in the instability of the LocataLite transmitting antennas in the established LocataNet. They namely affect the estimated float ambiguities of carrier phase measurements. Potential of relative positioning is another topic of this research, because it could allow the fixing of ambiguities to integer values and result in increase of accuracy and precision of positioning.