bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 20-Year Retrospective and Trend Analysis of China’s National Spatial Development
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past two decades, China’s comprehensive national strength has continuously increased, leading to significant changes in the national spatial pattern and profound impacts on the world economy and global urban systems. The country’s share of global GDP has risen from 3.6 to 17.0%, making it the world’s second-largest economy after the United States. The urban population has grown from 450 to 930 million, experiencing the largest and fastest urbanization process in world history.
Theoretical Review of Urban Spatial Development
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe science of human settlements advocated by Mr. Wu Liangyong is important for analyzing and understanding the law of urban spatial development and making sound urban spatial planning at the macro level. According to the theory, human settlements refer to the human-centered living environment that covers both man and other living beings and people’s living systems. Any human settlement is founded on the following five aspects: ecology, economy, technology, society and human and culture. Drawing on the idea of systems science, the theory proposes a new methodology for the study of urban spatial development at different levels, believing that human settlement is a complex giant system composed of the five levels of the globe, regions, cities, communities (villages and towns), and architectures, which demands a coherent and comprehensive research method, and that the study of cities and regions should be regarded as a science about the whole and wholeness. The discourse of spatial planning at the regional (including national) level focused on the experience of the Netherlands, stating that there is a certain correlation between the resource conditions and population density of the country on the one hand, and the impact of national policies on the region on the other.
Review of Urban Spatial Development History in Modern China
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Opium War in 1840 ushered in the era of semi-feudal and semi-colonial society in China. The capitalist invaders forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties, helping them open the door to China, which led to the development of commerce and trade in the coastal port cities. Against the background of “Westernization Movement”, national capitalism also developed to a certain extent, leading to the rapid development of the industrial and commercial cities along the coast.
Theory and Methods for Urban Spatial Development in China
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfter more than 20 years of rocketing economic growth and rapid urbanization, China has reached a turning point in development. With per capita GDP reaching $1000 by the end of 2004, China has entered a stage of major social transformation which has been recognized by the international community. The level of urbanization has reached 41.7%, entering the period of rising urbanization in the “S”-shaped curve portrayed by R. Northam, an American geographer. Although there are different views on the path of China’s urbanization and future development, there is a broad consensus that China’s urbanization will continue to grow fast in the foreseeable future, or 15–20 years to come (The 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development, promulgated in March 2006, estimates that the level of urbanization in China will reach 47% by 2010.). J. Stiglitz, the 2001 Nobel Laureate in economics, even juxtaposed the urbanization in China and the high-tech industry in the U.S. as the two major events affecting the world economy in the twenty-first century.
Ultra-high frequency gravitational waves from scattering, Bremsstrahlung and decay during reheating
Authors: Xu Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate ultra-high frequency gravitational waves (GWs) from gravitons generated during inflationary reheating. Specifically, we study inflaton scattering with its decay product, where the couplings involved in this 2 → 2 scattering are the same as those in the 1 → 3 graviton Bremsstrahlung process. We compute the graviton production rate via such 2 → 2 scattering. Additionally, we compare the resulting GW spectrum with that from Bremsstrahlung as well as that from pure 2 → 2 inflaton scatterings. For completeness, the GW spectrum from graviton pair production through one-loop induced 1 → 2 inflaton decay is also analyzed. With a systematic comparison among the four sources of GWs, we find that 2 → 2 inflaton scattering with its decay product can dominate over Bremsstrahlung if the reheating temperature is larger than the inflaton mass. Pure inflaton 2 → 2 scattering is typically subdominant compared to Bremsstrahlung except in the high-frequency tail. The contribution from one-loop induced 1 → 2 inflaton decay is shown to be suppressed compared to Bremsstrahlung and pure inflaton 2 → 2 scattering.
Solitonic ground state in supersymmetric theory in background
Authors: Nitta Muneto , Sasaki Shin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A solitonic ground state called a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) is realized in a supersymmetric theory with background magnetic field and finite chemical potential. To this end, we construct, in the superfield formalism, a supersymmetric chiral sine-Gordon model as a neutral pion sector of a supersymmetric two-flavor chiral Lagrangian with a Wess-Zumino-Witten term. The CSL ground state appears in the presence of either a strong magnetic field and/or large chemical potential, or a background fermionic condensate in the form of a fermion bilinear consisting of the gaugino and a superpartner of a baryon gauge field.
Conformal Yang-Mills field in (A)dS space
Authors: Metsaev R. R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ordinary-derivative (second-derivative) Lagrangian formulation of classical conformal Yang-Mills field in the (A)dS space of six, eight, and ten dimensions is developed. For such conformal field, we develop two gauge invariant Lagrangian formulations which we refer to as generic formulation and decoupled formulation. In both formulations, the usual Yang-Mills field is accompanied by additional vector and scalar fields where the scalar fields are realized as Stueckelberg fields. In the generic formulation, the usual Yang-Mills field is realized as a primary field, while the additional vector fields are realized as auxiliary fields. In the decoupled formulation, the usual Yang-Mills field is realized as massless field, while the additional vector fields together with the Stueckelberg are realized as massive fields. Some massless/massive fields appear with the wrong sign of kinetic terms, hence demonstrating explicitly that the considered models are not unitary. The use of embedding space method allows us to treat the isometry symmetries of (A)dS space manifestly and obtain conformal transformations of fields in a relatively straightforward way. By accompanying each vector field by the respective gauge parameter, we introduce an extended gauge algebra. Levy-Maltsev decomposition of such algebra is noted. Use of the extended gauge algebra setup allows us to present concise form for the Lagrangian and gauge transformations of the conformal Yang-Mills field. Higher-derivative representation of the Lagrangian is also obtained.
Self-dual cosmology
Authors: González Mariana Carrillo , Lipstein Arthur , Nagy Silvia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We construct cosmological spacetimes with a self-dual Weyl tensor whose dynamics are described by conformally coupled scalars with only cubic self-interactions. Similar to the previously discovered cases in flat and (Anti) de Sitter backgrounds, the interactions are characterized by a bracket that encodes a kinematic algebra. We discuss how the color-kinematics duality and double copy are realized in these cosmological backgrounds. If we further impose that the Ricci scalar is that of an FLRW spacetime, we find two new self-dual metrics corresponding to radiation-dominated and coasting (non-accelerating) FLRW backgrounds. Relaxing this requirement, we find an infinite family of solutions given by three different conformal classes of cosmological self-dual metrics. These solutions approximate those of FLRW as long as we impose a simple additional constraint on the scalar theory.
Rotating AdS3 × S3 and dyonic strings from 3-dimensions
Authors: Deger Nihat Sadik , Deral Ceren Ayse , Saha Aritra , Sarıoğlu Özgür 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We make a general Killing spinor analysis of a particular D = 3, N = 4 gauged supergravity that comes from a consistent S3 reduction of D = 6, N = (1, 0) supergravity coupled to a single chiral tensor multiplet. We then focus on its supersymmetric solutions with a null Killing vector and find three new ones. Two of these, namely the null warped AdS3 (also known as the Schrödinger spacetime) and the charged domain wall solutions, admit non-trivial gauge fields which give rise to rotating solutions in 6-dimensions. The uplift of the first one produces an interesting AdS3 × S3 background with a non-trivial rotation in the U(1) fiber direction of the S3 which retains the Schrödinger scale invariance that the seed solution has. The second one leads to the well-known rotating dyonic string solution. Finally, the uplift of the third one, which is a domain wall solution with no gauge fields, results in a distribution of dyonic strings.
Precision tests of bulk entanglement entropy
Authors: Chowdhury Barsha G. , David Justin R. , Dutta Semanti , Mukherjee Jyotirmoy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider linear superpositions of single particle excitations in a scalar field theory on AdS3 and evaluate their contribution to the bulk entanglement entropy across the Ryu-Takayanagi surface. We compare the entanglement entropy of these excitations obtained using the Faulkner-Lewkowycz-Maldacena formula to the entanglement entropy of linear superposition of global descendants of a conformal primary in a large c CFT obtained using the replica trick. We show that the closed form expressions for the entanglement entropy in the small interval expansion both in gravity and the CFT precisely agree. The agreement serves as a non-trivial check of the FLM formula for the quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy as well as the methods developed in the CFT to evaluate entanglement entropy of descendants. Our checks includes an example in which the state is time dependent and spatially in-homogenous as well another example involving a coherent state with a Bañados geometry as its holographic dual.
Probing a light long-lived pseudo-scalar from Higgs decay via displaced taus at the LHC
Authors: Shan Lianyou , Wang Lei , Yang Jin Min , Zhu Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A light (GeV mass) long-lived (cτ around dozens of millimeters) CP-odd scalar can be readily predicted in new physics models. In this work we investigate the Higgs decay into such a light scalar plus a Z-boson and take the aligned two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) as an example. This light long-lived scalar, with the dominant decay to tau leptons, will fly over a distance from the production point and present a displaced vertex in an Inner Detector of a generally purposed experiment like ATLAS or CMS. In our study we focus on the LHC experiment and perform Monte Carlo simulations for the signal and backgrounds. We demonstrate some benchmark points for the aligned 2HDM and find the signal to be detectable when the luminosity is accumulated to 300 fb−1. So our study suggests an experimental search for this process in the ongoing LHC.
Hunting 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 SQED in the ϵ-expansion
Authors: Breitstein Yacov-Nir , Sharon Adar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It was recently shown that 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supersymmetric Wess-Zumino models can be studied in the ϵ-expansion by analytically continuing the number of fermionic degrees of freedom to be half-integer. In this work we study the extension of this strategy to gauge theories. We consider U(1) gauge theories with Ng neutral Majorana fermions χa, Nf charge-1 bosons ϕi and Nf × Ng charge-1 Dirac fermions ψia in the d = 4 − 2ϵ expansion. Analytically continuing to Ng = $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

schematically matches the Lagrangian and matter content of 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SQED, and we check whether this match can be made rigorous. We compute anomalous dimensions of χa up to two loops and of meson operators up to one loop at the fixed points, and compare to expectations from SUSY. While we find obstructions to SUSY at small Nf, at large Nf the observables approach the expected values at a SUSY fixed point. This may allow for checks of 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 IR dualities between gauge theories.
Flow-based nonperturbative simulation of first-order phase transitions
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Ting-Kuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present a flow-based method for simulating and calculating nucleation rates of first-order phase transitions in scalar field theory on a lattice. Motivated by recent advancements in machine learning tools, particularly normalizing flows for lattice field theory, we propose the “partitioning flow-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (PFMCMC) sampling” method to address two challenges encountered in normalizing flow applications for lattice field theory: the “mode-collapse” and “rare-event sampling” problems. Using a (2+1)-dimensional real scalar model as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our PFMCMC method in modeling highly hierarchical order parameter probability distributions and simulating critical bubble configurations. These simulations are then used to facilitate the calculation of nucleation rates. We anticipate the application of this method to (3+1)-dimensional theories for studying realistic cosmological phase transitions.
The Invariant Measure for a Countable Generalized Iterated Function System
Authors: Abraham Izabella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to answer one of the open questions raised in Strobin [Qual. Theory Dyn. Syst. 19, 85 (2020)] of whether there exists an invariant (Hutchinson) measure for generalized iterated function systems of any order, consisting of a countably infinite number of maps. Our results likewise strengthen those obtained in Secelean [Mediterr. J. Math. 11, 361–372 (2014)], where the existence of the invariant measure is ascertained only for the case of generalized iterated function systems of order 2, consisting of functions which satisfy a particular contractive condition.
Dean–Kawasaki equation with initial condition in the space of positive distributions
Authors: Konarovskyi Vitalii , Müller Fenna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe show that the Dean–Kawasaki equation does not admit non-trivial solutions in the space of tempered measures. More specifically, we consider martingale solutions taking values, and with initial conditions, in the subspace of measures admitting infinite mass and satisfying some integrability conditions. Following work by the first author, Lehmann and von Renesse (Electron Commun Probab 24:3916340, 2019), we show that the equation only admits solutions if the initial measure is a discrete measure. Our result extends the previously mentioned works by allowing measures with infinite mass.
Investigating novel optical soliton solutions for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional q-deformed equation
Authors: Ali Khalid K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the (3+1) q-deformed tanh-Gordon equation due to its importance in the context of mathematical physics. It describes solitonic solutions in quantum field theory; it can sometimes be used in condensed matter physics to describe interactions between particles in magnetic materials or superconductors; it can model light propagation in nonlinear optical fibers or photonic crystals where the refractive index has a q-deformed structure; and it also can be applied in studying shock waves, turbulence and rogue waves where the deformation introduces corrections to classical wave phenomena. Utilizing the $$(\frac{{\mathfrak {G}}^{\prime }}{\omega {\mathfrak {G}}^{\prime }+{\mathfrak {G}}+r})$$

(

G

′

ω

G

′

+
G
+
r

)

-expansion technique, we derive novel analytical solutions that enhance our understanding of the underlying dynamics. Additionally, we employ a finite element method (extended cubic B-spline method) to validate our analytical findings and explore the behavior of the q-deformed equation under different parameter regimes. Our results demonstrate the versatility of the q-deformed framework in generating rich optical phenomena, paving the way for future research in both theoretical and applied physics.
Trace maps on rigid Stein spaces
Authors: Malčić Milan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe provide a relative version of the trace map from the work of Beyer, which can be associated to any finite étale morphism $$ X \rightarrow Y$$

X
→
Y

of smooth rigid Stein spaces and which then relates the Serre duality on X with the Serre duality on Y. Furthermore, we consider the behaviour of any rigid Stein space under (completed) base change to any complete extension field and deduce a commutative diagram relating Serre duality over the base field with the Serre duality over the extension field.
Repositioning of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Viral Infections
Authors: Bustos-Hamdan Anaíd , Bracho-Gallardo Jair Isidoro , Hamdan-Partida Aída , Bustos-Martínez Jaime 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning, is a currently tested approach by which new uses are being assigned for already tested drugs. In this case there are antibiotics that are used to combat bacterial infections. However, antibiotics are among the drugs that have been studied for possible antiviral activities. Therefore, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the studies of antibiotics that could be repositioned for the treatment of viral infections. Among the main antibiotics that have demonstrated antiviral activity are macrolides and glycopeptides. In addition, several antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides have also been studied for their antiviral activity. These antibiotics have demonstrated antiviral activity against both RNA and DNA viruses, including the recent pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2. Some of these antibiotics were selected in addition to its antiviral activity for their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Of the antibiotics that present antiviral activity, in many cases the mechanisms of action are not exactly known. The use of these antibiotics to combat viral infections remains controversial and is not generally accepted, since clinical trials are required to prove its effectiveness. Therefore, there is currently no antibiotic approved as antiviral therapy. Hence is necessary to present the studies carried out on antibiotics that can be repositioned in the future as antiviral drugs.
Preclinical research (on rare diseases): we need to talk about health equity
Authors: Greenfield Andy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a thriving, worldwide, biomedical research community working to understand the molecular bases of diseases of all types, continuously driving improved diagnostics and therapies. Developments in genetics and experimental medicine are yielding novel genetic therapies that were hardly dreamt of 40 years ago. But along with these scientific achievements, there exist challenges in ensuring that 21st century medical interventions are accessible to all who need them. This perspective will discuss how preclinical research, with a focus on rare diseases, can better contribute to healthcare ecosystems that are oriented towards greater health equity. This contribution may require changes to the prevailing scientific research culture that will need support from relevant institutions and the wider community.
Development and preliminary evaluation of a novel preoperative index for quantitative analysis of photoreceptor loss in full-thickness macular holes
Authors: Quarta Alberto , Govetto Andrea , Porreca Annamaria , Toto Lisa , Di Nicola Marta , Ruggeri Maria Ludovica , Gironi Matteo , Nubile Mario , Agnifili Luca , Romano Mario R. , Mastropasqua Rodolfo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify novel quantitative parameters for evaluating photoreceptor loss in full-thickness macular holes (FTMH), exploring their potential clinical impact on postoperative functional and anatomical recovery.

Methods
This pilot study enrolled 38 eyes from 38 patients diagnosed with FTMH. Preoperatively, eyes underwent analysis and were subsequently followed for six months post-surgery. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded, and cross-sectional images of FTMH were obtained using B-scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) and en-face OCT. Quantitative assessment of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity changes was conducted and correlated with postoperative anatomical and functional recovery. The photoreceptor Integrity Index (PIIN), calculated as the ratio of photoreceptor area to lumen hole area measured at customized segmentation, was correlated with the minimum and base diameters of the hole, positive change in BCVA, preoperative EZ defect (EZd), preoperative ELM defect (ELMd), and changes in EZ and ELM over the six-month follow-up period (∆-EZ and ∆-ELM). The main outcome measures focused on evaluating the effectiveness of PIIN in predicting postoperative anatomical and functional changes.

Results
A higher PIIN correlated with a greater BCVA change over six months (p < 0.001). Univariate regression analysis using the PIIN as a predictor for positive change in BCVA (|∆-BCVA| [logMAR]) over time yielded significant results (p < 0.001). Additionally, the PIIN significantly correlated with EZd at baseline, ELM at baseline, and ELMd change over the six-month follow-up period.

Conclusion
The PIIN shows promise as a tool for evaluating photoreceptor loss in macular holes and estimating postoperative functional and anatomical recovery.

Key messages
What is known

Previous studies have extensively used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to investigate various biomarkers for assessing patients with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH), without considering detailed MH ultrastructural features

Existing indexes used to predict surgical outcomes for FTMH primarily depend on geometrical parameters and do not integrate detailed ultrastructural characteristics, such as cellular components.

What is new

A novel concept introduces the quantitative measurement of residual photoreceptors located at the edge of FTMH.

The Photoreceptor Integrity Index (PIIN) integrates different ultrastructural components of macular holes, aiming to become a valuable clinical tool to predict both anatomical and functional recovery outcomes following surgical intervention for FTMH.