bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rib Radiography versus Chest Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Rib Fractures
Authors: Sano Atsushi 
Published: May 2018

Background The accurate diagnosis of rib fractures is important in chest trauma. Diagnostic images following chest trauma are usually obtained via chest X-ray, chest computed tomography, or rib radiography. This study evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of rib radiography and chest computed tomography.
Methods Seventy-five rib fracture patients who underwent both chest computed tomography and rib radiography between April 2008 and December 2013 were included. Rib radiographs, centered on the site of pain, were taken from two directions. Chest computed tomography was performed using a 16-row multidetector scanner with 5-mm slice-pitch without overlap, and axial images were visualized in a bone window.
Result In total, 217 rib fractures were diagnosed in 75 patients. Rib radiography missed 43 rib fractures in 24 patients. The causes were overlap with organs in 15 cases, trivial fractures in 21 cases, and injury outside the imaging range in 7 cases. Left lower rib fractures were often missed due to overlap with the heart, while middle and lower rib fractures were frequently not diagnosed due to overlap with abdominal organs. Computed tomography missed 21 rib fractures in 17 patients. The causes were horizontal fractures in 10 cases, trivial fractures in 9 cases, and insufficient breath holding in 1 case.
Conclusion In rib radiography, overlap with organs and fractures outside the imaging range were characteristic reasons for missed diagnoses. In chest computed tomography, horizontal rib fractures and insufficient breath holding were often responsible. We should take these challenges into account when diagnosing rib fractures.
Etiology of Fever in Neonates: Is It Just Due to Infection?
Authors: Baysal Bahar , Calkavur Sebnem , Atlihan Fusun , Baysal Bora 
Published: May 2018

Objectives Fever is an abnormal elevation of body temperature that occurs as part of a specific biologic response that is mediated and controlled by the central nervous system. In neonates, it may indicate a serious underlying disease. With this study, we aimed to investigate the causes of fever in neonates.
Methods Medical charts were reviewed retrospectively for all term newborn infants treated at the Behcet Uz Children's Hospital between 31 December 2007 and 31 December 2009 who subsequently developed fever during their first 28 days. The history of the newborn included type of feeding (formula or breast); weight loss, environmental temperature, and symptoms of infection (lethargy-poor suck, irritability, vomiting, abdominal distention, respiratory distress, and diarrhea) were noted; and physical examination also established. The standard laboratory workup for febrile infants included blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and stool cultures, blood count, C-reactive protein, and analysis of serum electrolytes.
Results It was determined that the most admissions were made in summer and most frequently in July. The most frequent cause of fever was infection, followed by unexplained fever and dehydration. Clinical sepsis was more frequent than proven sepsis. Risk for neonatal infection was increased by normal spontaneous vaginal birth, whereas the risk for dehydration was increased by cesarean section.
Conclusions Environmental factors and dehydration may also be a factor in the newborn who is admitted for fever. But given our results, a newborn with a complaint of fever should be managed as an infection until proven otherwise.
Application of Stem Cells to Infertility Treatment with Emphasis on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Ovarian Stem Cells
Authors: Kazemirad Nastaran , Lorzadeh Nahid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStem cells are a population of undifferentiated cells that originated from embryonic and fetal stages of development. Stem cells possess the potency to produce cells that ultimately form different tissues and organs. They are considered as potential alternative novel therapeutic agents for patients suffering from infertility due to their unlimited source and high differentiation potency. There are several studies that have shown that different types of stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic, endometrial, and ovarian stem cells) can be differentiated into both spermatozoa and oocytes in vitro, proving their potential clinical use in management and cure of infertility issues. Furthermore, mouse model studies have shown that ovarian stem cells, when cultured in vitro, can differentiate into a mature oocyte; however, there are still a lot of debates and complications attached to this concept. In addition, this is yet to be established using human ovarian stem cells, but, if established, would be a novel fertility preservation and treatment technique for women with infertility-related complications. This review gives comprehensive details of the available clinical application of stem cells in infertility treatment.
The vampirisation of the novel: narrative crises in Dracula
Authors: Lasa Cecilia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article sets out to explore howDraculanarrates the crisis that the novel as a genre faces by the end of the nineteenth century. The fictional female characters play a particular role in such process: whereas the status of women in Bram Stoker’s piece has been widely studied in terms of how their vampiric sexualisation affects their position in society and their relationships with men, there has been little analysis of their condition as writers and their relation to the novel as a genre. InDracula, Mina Harker is a character who manages to record in her journal the events that unfold in the work of fiction, as well as her analysis of them. Similarly, her fiancé Jonathan Harker, the vampiric Count’s solicitor, documents their adventures in order to keep some sanity in the light of the sexual, psychological and social disorder Dracula triggers. This chaos gains special significance infin-de-siècleGreat Britain, sieged by the decadence of the empire and the conflicts brought about by industrialisation. While Jonathan’s accounts display features of the realist novel, Mina attempts to create a new narrative that entails a particular conception of the woman writer: a bourgeoning member of the middle class whose insights into reality are analytically critical and who incipiently acknowledges her sexual dimension, as suggested by the process of vampirisation she experiences. It is through writing that she becomes different from other highly sexualised vampires in the novel, namely her friend Lucy Westenra and the three women who inhabit the Count’s castle. Mina’s chronicles destabilise the novel as a form by proposing a new language for women and, specifically, for the woman writer. This proposal is one of the greatest threats thatDraculaposes to the Victorian period through the use of the gothic. All male main characters in Stoker’s piece put in constant effort to counter such menace. Given these men’s success, Mina’s writing does not thrive and, as the anticipatory note to the novel promises, a “sequence will be made manifest”, which will realistically organise the events unchained by the vampire. In this way, both Mina’s writing and Stoker’s narrative, made up of fragments of different genres that can be nevertheless, appreciated as a whole, undergo an interrupted process of vampirisation.
Walking the tightrope
Authors: de Pedro Ricoy Raquel , Howard Rosaleen , Andrade Ciudad Luis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe passing of the Prior Consultation Act (2011) was a turning point in Peru’s history: it enshrined the right of indigenous peoples to be consulted prior to the State’s adopting a measure that affects them and to use their own languages during the consultation, which makes interpreting essential. This article focuses on the complexities of the interpreters’ role and how the beneficiaries of their work perceive it. It reveals that the interpreters’ performance is determined by two circumstances: first, it straddles public service and business interpreting; and second, the fact that the interpreters are trained and employed by the State creates tensions in the communication between the latter and the indigenous peoples. The socio-political context and the initiatives designed to ensure compliance with the law will provide a background to our findings. These derive from observation, interviews and meetings with institutional actors and interpreters, and are illustrated by a case study.
CNF1-like deamidase domains: common Lego bricks among cancer-promoting immunomodulatory bacterial virulence factors
Authors: Ho Mengfei , Mettouchi Amel , Wilson Brenda A , Lemichez Emmanuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlterations of the cellular proteome over time due to spontaneous or toxin-mediated enzymatic deamidation of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine (Asn) residues contribute to bacterial infection and might represent a source of aging-related diseases. Here, we put into perspective what is known about the mode of action of the CNF1 toxin from pathogenic Escherichia coli, a paradigm of bacterial deamidases that activate Rho GTPases, to illustrate the importance of determining whether exposure to these factors are risk factors in the etiology age-related diseases, such as cancer. In particular, through in silico analysis of the distribution of the CNF1-like deamidase active site Gly-Cys-(Xaa)n-His sequence motif in bacterial genomes, we unveil the wide distribution of the super-family of CNF-like toxins and CNF-like deamidase domains among members of the Enterobacteriacae and in association with a large variety of toxin delivery systems. We extent our discussion with recent findings concerning cellular systems that control activated Rac1 GTPase stability and provide protection against cancer. These findings point to the urgency for developing holistic approaches toward personalized medicine that include monitoring for asymptomatic carriage of pathogenic toxin-producing bacteria and that ultimately might lead to improved public health and increased lifespans.
An efficient algorithm for simulating ensembles of parameterized flow problems
Authors: Gunzburger Max , Jiang Nan , Wang Zhu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Many applications of computational fluid dynamics require multiple simulations of a flow under different input conditions. In this paper, a numerical algorithm is developed to efficiently determine a set of such simulations in which the individually independent members of the set are subject to different viscosity coefficients, initial conditions and/or body forces. The proposed scheme, when applied to the flow ensemble, needs to solve a single linear system with multiple right-hand sides, and thus is computationally more efficient than solving for all the simulations separately. We show that the scheme is nonlinearly and long-term stable under certain conditions on the time-step size and a parameter deviation ratio. A rigorous numerical error estimate shows the scheme is of first-order accuracy in time and optimally accurate in space. Several numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
An orthotopic glioblastoma animal model suitable for high-throughput screenings
Authors: Pudelko Linda , Edwards Steven , Balan Mirela , Nyqvist Daniel , Al-Saadi Jonathan , Dittmer Johannes , Almlöf Ingrid , Helleday Thomas , Bräutigam Lars 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with poor prognosis. Although murine animal models have given valuable insights into the GBM disease biology, they cannot be used in high-throughput screens to identify and profile novel therapies. The only vertebrate model suitable for large-scale screens, the zebrafish, has proven to faithfully recapitulate biology and pathology of human malignancies, and clinically relevant orthotopic zebrafish models have been developed. However, currently available GBM orthotopic zebrafish models do not support high-throughput drug discovery screens.MethodsWe transplanted both GBM cell lines as well as patient-derived material into zebrafish blastulas. We followed the behavior of the transplants with time-lapse microscopy and real-time in vivo light-sheet microscopy.ResultsWe found that GBM material transplanted into zebrafish blastomeres robustly migrated into the developing nervous system, establishing an orthotopic intracranial tumor already 24 hours after transplantation. Detailed analysis revealed that our model faithfully recapitulates the human disease.ConclusionWe have developed a robust, fast, and automatable transplantation assay to establish orthotopic GBM tumors in zebrafish. In contrast to currently available orthotopic zebrafish models, our approach does not require technically challenging intracranial transplantation of single embryos. Our improved zebrafish model enables transplantation of thousands of embryos per hour, thus providing an orthotopic vertebrate GBM model for direct application in drug discovery screens.
The Impact of Different Intraoperative Fluid Administration Strategies on Postoperative Extubation Following Multilevel Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Ramchandran Subaraman , Day Louis M , Line Breton , Buckland Aaron J , Passias Peter , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Bendo John , Huncke Tessa , Errico Thomas J , Bess Shay 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients undergoing multilevel spine surgery are at risk for delayed extubation.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of type and volume of intraoperative fluids administered during multilevel thoracic and/or lumbar spine surgery on postoperative extubation status.

METHODS
Retrospective evaluation of medical records of patients ≥ 18 yr undergoing ≥ 4 levels of thoracic and/or lumbar spine fusions was performed. Patients were organized according to postoperative extubation status: immediate (IMEX; in OR/PACU) or delayed (DEX; outside OR/PACU). Propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed to compare IMEX and DEX groups. Volume, proportion, and ratios of intraoperative fluids administered were evaluated for the associated impact on extubation status.

RESULTS
A total of 246 patients (198 IMEX, 48 DEX) were included. PSM analysis demonstrated that increased administration of non-cell saver blood products (NCSB) and increased ratio of crystalloid: colloids infused were independently associated with delayed extubation. With increasing EBL, IMEX had a proportionate reduction in crystalloid infusion (R = –0.5, P < .001), while the proportion of crystalloids infused remained relatively unchanged for DEX (R = –0.27; P = .06). Twenty-six percent of patients receiving crystalloid: colloid ratio > 3:1 had DEX compared to none of those receiving crystalloid: colloid ratio ≤ 3:1 (P = .009). DEX had greater cardiac and pulmonary complications, surgical site infections and prolonged intensive care unit and hospital stay (P < .05).

CONCLUSION
PSM analysis of patients undergoing multilevel thoracic and/or lumbar spine fusion demonstrated that increased administration of crystalloid to colloid ratio is independently associated with delayed extubation. With increasing EBL, a proportionate reduction of crystalloids facilitates early extubation.
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Safety in Elderly Adults
Authors: Tseng Hung Fu , Sy Lina S , Qian Lei , Liu In-Lu A , Mercado Cheryl , Lewin Bruno , Tartof Sara Y , Nelson Jennifer , Jackson Lisa A , Daley Matthew F , Weintraub Eric , Klein Nicola P , Belongia Edward , Liles Elizabeth G , Jacobsen Steven J 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) were both recommended to adults aged ≥65 years. The study examines adults ≥65 years for risk of adverse events (AEs) requiring medical attention following vaccination with PCV13 as compared with vaccination with PPSV23, a long-standing vaccine with a satisfactory safety profile.

Methods
The cohort study included 6 Vaccine Safety Datalink sites. The exposed person-time included follow-up time of the first PCV13 received by subjects age ≥65 years from January 1 to August 15, 2015. The comparator person-time included follow-up time after the first PPSV23 received by subjects of the same age during Janaury 1 to August 15 of each year of 2011–2015. The prespecified AEs included cardiovascular events, Bell’s palsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, syncope, erythema multiforme, thrombocytopenia, cellulitis and infection, allergic reaction, and anaphylaxis. Inverse probability of treatment weighting–adjusted Poisson regression models was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of each AE.

Results
A total of 313 136 doses of PCV13 and 232 591 doses of PPSV23 were included. The adjusted RRs comparing the incidence of AEs following PCV13 vs PPSV23 were all &lt;1, except for anaphylaxis, which was insignificant with an RR of 1.32 (95% confidence interval, 0.30–5.79). Only 1 patient who received PCV13 and 4 other vaccines concomitantly was confirmed by medical chart review as having experienced anaphylaxis after vaccination.

Conclusions
These data do not support an increased rate of adverse events following PCV13 administration in elders compared with PPSV23 and should provide reassurance regarding continued use of PCV13.
Visible, Elected, but Effectively Nominal: Visibility as a Barrier Maintaining the Political Underrepresentation of Britain’s Immigrant Origin Communities
Authors: English Patrick 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEthnic minority groups have been and remain underrepresented in the British political system. However, we know little about how white immigrant origin groups—who share outgroup status based on non-native history, but differ to ethnic minority groups in terms of not having minority status—compare. Further, contemporary representational study also must concern itself with the quality, not just presence, of representation provided. This research therefore longitudinally compares the access to parliamentary roles for ethnic minority, white immigrant, and white British MPs. It finds that visibility of non-native status holds back descriptive representation—based on both appearance and non-British sounding names.
Sports-Related Concussions in Children
Authors: O'Keefe Kraigher Allan , Beamon Bradley , Brewer Kori L. , Niceler Brock 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
Patient and parent expectations can potentially influence management of care. We compared expectations in the diagnosis of concussion between patients who presented to a pediatric emergency department (ED) and those who presented to a sports medicine clinic, and if there was a difference in computed tomography (CT) scans performed.

Methods
Head-injured athletes aged 8 to 18 years presenting to a pediatric ED and a sports medicine clinic were enrolled. Both groups completed questionnaires on their understanding of concussion and expectations of care. Charts were then reviewed.

Results
Forty patients were enrolled in the study: 23 from a pediatric ED and 17 from a sports medicine clinic. Forty-one percent of athletes received a head CT in the pediatric ED versus 12% of those in the clinic population with no abnormal findings (P = 0.04). Forty-one percent of athletes and 48% of parents in the pediatric ED setting reported that a CT was “necessary” to diagnose concussion versus 18% in both groups from the clinic (P = 0.12, P = 0.07). Athletes presenting to the clinic were more likely to have been evaluated by an athletic trainer after the injury than those presenting to the pediatric ED (80% vs 23%, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
Patients and parents who presented to a pediatric ED for sports-related head injury had a trend toward higher expectations of a CT scan being necessary to diagnose concussion and did have a higher rate of CT scans performed. Education of athletes and parents engaging in organized sports may be worthwhile to assist in setting expectations in diagnosis of concussion.
Exploring the genetic correlations of antisocial behavior and life history traits
Authors: Tielbeek Jorim J. , Barnes J.C. , Popma Arne , Polderman Tinca J.C. , Lee James J. , Perry John R.B. , Posthuma Danielle , Boutwell Brian B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrior evolutionary theory provided reason to suspect that measures of development and reproduction would be correlated with antisocial behaviors in human and non-human species. Behavioral genetics has revealed that most quantitative traits are heritable, suggesting that these phenotypic correlations may share genetic etiologies. We use GWAS data to estimate the genetic correlations between various measures of reproductive development (N= 52,776 – 318,863) and antisocial behavior (N= 31,968). Our genetic correlation analyses demonstrate that alleles associated with higher reproductive output (number of children ever born, rg=0.50, p=.0065) were positively correlated with alleles associated with antisocial behavior, whereas alleles associated with more delayed reproductive onset (age of first birth, rg=-.64, p=.0008) were negatively associated with alleles linked to antisocial behavior. Ultimately, these findings coalesce with evolutionary theories suggesting that increased antisocial behaviors may partly represent a faster life history approach, which may be significantly calibrated by genes.
Olfactory marker protein regulates refinement of the olfactory glomerular map
Authors: Albeanu Dinu F. , Provost Allison C. , Agarwal Prateek , Soucy Edward , Murthy Venkatesh N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe olfactory glomerulus is the anatomical and functional unit of the olfactory bulb, defined by convergent input from olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons expressing the same type of odorant receptor (OR). A key marker of mature OSNs is the olfactory marker protein (OMP), whose deletion has been associated with deficits in OSN signal transduction and odor discrimination. Here, we have investigated glomerular odor responses and anatomical architecture in mice in which one or both alleles of OMP were replaced by the fluorescent synaptic activity reporter, synaptopHluorin (OMP+/− and OMP−/− mice, respectively). Functionally heterogeneous glomeruli, that is, ones with micro-domains with distinct odor responses were rare in OMP+/− mice, but occurred frequently in OMP−/− mice. Genetic targeting of single ORs revealed that these micro-domains arise from anomalous co-innervation of individual glomeruli by OSNs expressing different ORs. The glomerular mistargeting of OSNs in the absence of OMP is restricted to a local neighborhood of a few glomerular diameters. Our studies document functional heterogeneity in sensory input within individual glomeruli and uncover its anatomical correlate, revealing an unexpected role for OMP in the formation and refinement of the glomerular olfactory map.