bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Featured Article: Technology Use and Sleep in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Bourchtein Elizaveta , Langberg Joshua M , Cusick Caroline N , Breaux Rosanna P , Smith Zoe R , Becker Stephen P 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This study used a multi-informant approach to examine differences in types and rates of technology used by adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), associations between technology use and sleep/daytime sleepiness, and whether technology use was differentially related to sleep/daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD.

Methods
Eighth graders with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited. Adolescents completed questionnaires assessing time spent using technology, sleep-wake problems, school-night time in bed, and daytime sleepiness. Parents and teachers reported on adolescents’ technology use and daytime sleepiness, respectively.

Results
Adolescents with ADHD had significantly greater total technology, television/movie viewing, video game, and phone/video chatting use than adolescents without ADHD. Adolescents with ADHD engaged in twice as much daily video game use compared to those without ADHD (61 vs. 31 min). Controlling for medication use, ADHD status, pubertal development, sex, and internalizing symptoms, greater parent- and adolescent-reported technology use was associated with more sleep-wake problems and less time in bed. ADHD status did not moderate the relations between technology use and these sleep parameters. In contrast, ADHD status moderated the association between parent-reported technology use and teacher-reported daytime sleepiness, such that this association was significant only for adolescents with ADHD.

Conclusions
Technology use, although more prevalent in adolescents with ADHD, is linked with more sleep problems and reduced school-night sleep duration regardless of ADHD status. Technology use is associated with teacher-rated daytime sleepiness only in adolescents with ADHD. Clinicians should consider technology usage when assessing and treating sleep problems.
Fate alteration of bone marrow-derived macrophages ameliorates kidney fibrosis in murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Yang Ying , Feng Xiaojian , Liu Xinyan , Wang Ying , Hu Min , Cao Qi , Zhang Ziyan , Zhao Linxia , Zhang Jianlin , Guo Rui , Wang Hailong , Qiao Xi , Wang Lihua , Zheng Guoping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundRenal fibrosis is a key pathological feature and final common pathway leading to end-stage kidney failure in many chronic kidney diseases. Myofibroblast is the master player in renal fibrosis. However, myofibroblasts are heterogeneous. Recent studies show that bone marrow-derived macrophages transform into myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced macrophage–myofibroblast transition (MMT) in renal fibrosis.MethodsTGF-β signaling was redirected by inhibition of β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) to increase β-catenin/Foxo in bone marrow-derived macrophages. A kidney fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction was performed in EGFP bone marrow chimera mouse. MMT was examined by flow cytometry analysis of GFP+F4/80+α-SMA+ cells from unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney, and by immunofluorescent staining of bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsInhibition of β-catenin/TCF by ICG-001 combined with TGF-β1 treatment increased β-catenin/Foxo1, reduced the MMT and inflammatory cytokine production by bone marrow-derived macrophages, and thereby, reduced kidney fibrosis in the UUO model.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that diversion of β-catenin from TCF to Foxo1-mediated transcription not only inhibits the β-catenin/TCF-mediated fibrotic effect of TGF-β, but also enhances its anti-inflammatory action, allowing therapeutic use of TGF-β to reduce both inflammation and fibrosis at least partially by changing the fate of bone marrow-derived macrophages.
Museum specimens of terrestrial vertebrates are sensitive indicators of environmental change in the Anthropocene
Authors: Schmitt C. Jonathan , Cook Joseph A. , Zamudio Kelly R. , Edwards Scott V. 
Published: November 2018

Natural history museums and the specimen collections they curate are vital scientific infrastructure, a fact as true today as it was when biologists began collecting and preserving specimens over 200 years ago. The importance of museum specimens in studies of taxonomy, systematics, ecology and evolutionary biology is evidenced by a rich and abundant literature, yet creative and novel uses of specimens are constantly broadening the impact of natural history collections on biodiversity science and global sustainability. Excellent examples of the critical importance of specimens come from their use in documenting the consequences of environmental change, which is particularly relevant considering the alarming rate at which we now modify our planet in the Anthropocene. In this review, we highlight the important role of bird, mammal and amphibian specimens in documenting the Anthropocene and provide examples that underscore the need for continued collection of museum specimens.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene’.
Tumors inducede novosteroid biosynthesis in T cells to evade immunity
Authors: Mahata Bidesh , Pramanik Jhuma , van der Weyden Louise , Polanski Krzysztof , Kar Gozde , Riedel Angela , Chen Xi , Fonseca Nuno A. , Kundu Kousik , Campos Lia S. , Ryder Edward , Duddy Graham , Walczak Izabela , Okkenhaug Klaus , Adams David J. , Shields Jacqueline D. , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTTumors subvert immune cell function to evade immune responses, yet the complex mechanisms driving immune evasion remain poorly understood. Here we show that tumors inducede novosteroidogenesis in T lymphocytes to evade anti-tumor immunity. Using a novel transgenic steroidogenesis-reporter mouse line we identify and characterizede novosteroidogenic immune cells. Genetic ablation of T cell steroidogenesis restricts primary tumor growth and metastatic dissemination in mouse models. Steroidogenic T cells dysregulate anti-tumor immunity, and inhibition of the steroidogenesis pathway was sufficient to restore anti-tumor immunity. This study demonstrates T cellde novosteroidogenesis as a mechanism of anti-tumor immunosuppression and a potential druggable target.
Predicting individual speech intelligibility from the cortical tracking of acoustic- and phonetic-level speech representations
Authors: Lesenfants D , Vanthornhout J , Verschueren E , Decruy L , Francart T 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo objectively measure speech intelligibility of individual subjects from the EEG, based on cortical tracking of different representations of speech: low-level acoustical, higher-level discrete, or a combination. To compare each model’s prediction of the speech reception threshold (SRT) for each individual with the behaviorally measured SRT.MethodsNineteen participants listened to Flemish Matrix sentences presented at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), corresponding to different levels of speech understanding. For different EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta or low-gamma), a model was built to predict the EEG signal from various speech representations: envelope, spectrogram, phonemes, phonetic features or a combination of phonetic Features and Spectrogram (FS). The same model was used for all subjects. The model predictions were then compared to the actual EEG of each subject for the different SNRs, and the prediction accuracy in function of SNR was used to predict the SRT.ResultsThe model based on the FS speech representation and the theta EEG band yielded the best SRT predictions, with a difference between the behavioral and objective SRT below 1 decibel for 53% and below 2 decibels for 89% of the subjects.ConclusionA model including low- and higher-level speech features allows to predict the speech reception threshold from the EEG of people listening to natural speech. It has potential applications in diagnostics of the auditory system.Search Termscortical speech tracking, objective measure, speech intelligibility, auditory processing, speech representations.HighlightsObjective EEG-based measure of speech intelligibilityImproved prediction of speech intelligibility by combining speech representationsCortical tracking of speech in the delta EEG band monotonically increased with SNRsCortical responses in the theta EEG band best predicted the speech reception thresholdDisclosureThe authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.
Distinct neural mechanisms meet challenges in dynamic visual attention due to either load or object spacing
Authors: Mäki-Marttunen V. , Hagen T. , Laeng B. , Espeseth T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen solving dynamic visuo-spatial tasks, the brain copes with perceptual and cognitive processing challenges. In the multiple-object tracking (MOT) task, the number of objects to be tracked (i.e. load) imposes attentional demands, but so does spatial interference from irrelevant objects (i.e. crowding). Presently, it is not clear whether load and crowding activate separate cognitive and physiological mechanisms. Such knowledge would be important to understand the neurophysiology of visual attention. Furthermore, it would help resolve conflicting views between theories of visual cognition, particularly concerning sources of capacity limitations. To address this problem, we varied the degree of processing challenge in the MOT task in two ways: First, the number of objects to track, and second, the spatial proximity between targets and distractors. We first measured task-induced pupil dilations and saccades during MOT. In a separate cohort we measured fMRI brain activity during MOT. The behavioral results in both cohorts revealed that increased load and crowding led to reduced accuracy in an additive manner. Load was associated with pupil dilations, whereas crowding was not. Activity in dorsal attentional areas and frequency of saccades were proportionally larger both with higher levels of load and crowding. Higher crowding recruited additionally ventral attentional areas that may reflect orienting mechanisms. The activity in the brainstem nuclei ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra and locus coeruleus showed clearly dissociated patterns. Our results constitute convergent evidence from independent samples that processing challenges due to load and object spacing may rely on different mechanisms.
Machine learning versus logistic regression methods for 2-year mortality prognostication in a small, heterogeneous glioma database
Authors: Panesar Sandip S , D’Souza Rhett N , Yeh Fang-Cheng , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) is the application of specialized algorithms to datasets for trend delineation, categorization or prediction. ML techniques have been traditionally applied to large, highly-dimensional databases. Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of primary brain tumors, traditionally graded using histopathological features. Recently the World Health Organization proposed a novel grading system for gliomas incorporating molecular characteristics. We aimed to study whether ML could achieve accurate prognostication of 2-year mortality in a small, highly-dimensional database of glioma patients.MethodsWe applied three machine learning techniques: artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees (DT), support vector machine (SVM), and classical logistic regression (LR) to a dataset consisting of 76 glioma patients of all grades. We compared the effect of applying the algorithms to the raw database, versus a database where only statistically significant features were included into the algorithmic inputs (feature selection).ResultsRaw input consisted of 21 variables, and achieved performance of (accuracy/AUC): 70.7%/0.70 for ANN, 68%/0.72 for SVM, 66.7%/0.64 for LR and 65%/0.70 for DT. Feature selected input consisted of 14 variables and achieved performance of 73.4%/0.75 for ANN, 73.3%/0.74 for SVM, 69.3%/0.73 for LR and 65.2%/0.63 for DT.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that these techniques can also be applied to small, yet highly-dimensional datasets. Our ML techniques achieved reasonable performance compared to similar studies in the literature. Though local databases may be small versus larger cancer repositories, we demonstrate that ML techniques can still be applied to their analysis, though traditional statistical methods are of similar benefit.
Pin1 Regulatory miRNAs as Novel Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Heidari Elyas , Siavashani Elham Salehi , Rasooli Mohammad , Amiri Zahra , Sharifi-Zarchi Ali , Shahpasand Koorosh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death in elderly people whose pathological hallmarks include senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The tangles are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, which is a microtubule-associated protein and its hyperphosphorylation would result in its aggregation and neural cell death. Recently, it has been shown that phosphorylated tau at Thr231 exists in two distinctcis & transconformations, whose conversion is being mediated by Pin1 isomerase and that thecis, but not thetrans, is extremely neurotoxic and drives tau hyperphosphorylation. It has been demonstrated that Pin1 inhibition reflectscispT231-tau accumulation in neurons but its overactivation is observed in cancer stem cells. Hence, a precise Pin1 regulation is required to keep cells in healthy conditions. As miRNAs play a crucial role in fine-tuning of the gene-expression level, we hypothesized that they might regulate the Pin1 dosage. Nonetheless, the possible regulatory roles of miRNAs in progression of AD by regulating PIN1 is not well studied. We aimed to identify potential miRNAs that down-regulate PIN1 in AD. This can uncover new regulatory mechanisms that result in AD. Thus, we performed a comprehensive study of miRNAs, capable in regulating Pin1, through whole-genome meta-analysis by integrating miRNA expression profiles of 846 different biological samples, along with a systematic literature review and data mining of multiple experimental and predicted miRNA-target databases. We created a list of 56 candidates, which was then short-listed to 10 miRNAs with vigorous experimental evidence. We examined the expression patterns of these miRNAs in the AD and healthy controls and integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiles to study possible interactions between miRNAs and Pin1. Moreover, we performed anin-silicofunctional analysis by integrating data of knock-in and knock-down experiments of the candidate miRNAs, and highlighted miR296-5p, miR200b, miR200c, miR140-5p, and miR874 as strong candidate Pin1 regulators. These findings would have profound implications in developing novel therapeutic strategies for AD by blocking expression of highlighted miRNAs using antagomirs.
A review on graphical evolutionary game for information diffusion on social networks
Authors: Qiu Benliu , Zhang Ningxuan 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
With the recent development of science and technology, research on information diffusion has become increasingly important.

Design/methodology/approach
To analyze the process of information diffusion, researchers have proposed a framework with graphical evolutionary game theory (EGT) according to the theory of biological evolution.

Findings
Through this method, one can study and even predict information diffusion.

Originality/value
This paper summarizes three existing works using graphical EGT to discuss how to obtain the static state and the dynamics of information diffusion in social network.
Exploring the role of business relationships in start-ups’ life cycles
Authors: Cantù Chiara , Giorgia Sepe , Tzannis Alessandra 
Published: November 2018

PurposeDifferently from previous works that focused on the entrepreneur and on his ability to manage social relationships, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of business relationships in the different stages of the life cycle of a start-up.Design/methodology/approachSince the paper aims to explore startups’ evolutionary phenomenon, it adopts a qualitative abductive methodology, presenting an in-depth study of two innovative Italian start-ups. The research is based on two steps. In the first one, the authors collected secondary data from start-ups’ reports and documents, financial indicators (when available) and processed them to understand their background. In the second one, the authors conducted ten semi-structured interviews, including face-to-face interviews, phone interviews and video conferences.FindingsThe paper presents a relationship-based life cycle model composed of four different stages, depending on the number and role of relationships developed. Indeed, since the beginning, start-ups adopt a relational approach and their evolution involves the shift from the focus on the entrepreneur to the centrality of a network approach based on interconnected relationships. The entering into a new stage of life cycle depends on relationships, mainly based on connected actors and resources shared and combined. Even if a key role is assumed by technology, the main resource is identified in the knowledge concerning the customer/user’s needs that require marketing competencies, human resources, relational capabilities. Thus, the shift from one stage to the next in the start-up’s life cycle is possible thanks to a parallel shift from a focus on the activities to a focus on those strategic and heterogeneous actors that ensure activities.Originality/valueIn a traditional perspective, the start-up’s life cycle depends on activities, financial resources and revenues, as stated by previous life cycle models. In a different perspective, as depicted in our analysis, the evolution of a start-up depends on the portfolio of their business relationships. The role of business relationships is hence to facilitate the interconnections within specialized key actors, which allow start-ups to access strategic resources. These resources are essential in order to develop the activities that characterize the specific stage of the life cycle.
A deforming time approach to the treatment of risk in projects evaluation
Authors: Cruz-Rambaud Salvador , Sanchez-Perez Ana Maria 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to introduce a novel methodology to identify and quantify the difference of financial risks exhibited by listed and unlisted companies in their debt payments from an empirical point of view.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper attempts to establish the theoretical relationship between the agreed original periods and their corresponding periods of real payments. It is based on Krugman’s curve. This relationship has been implemented using data from listed and unlisted companies of Spain and from Western Europe countries (divided by companies, size and industry).

Findings
An alternative model has been implemented with the available information about listed and unlisted companies. There is not a significant difference in the financial risk level corresponding to listed and unlisted firms in Spain.

Practical/implications
The paper could provide a useful guidance in applying the risk in project assessment.

Originality/value
This paper provides a new methodology to reduce the subjectivity shown in the treatment of risk by traditional approaches. The method allows to including the financial risk in the time parameter of the discount function. Analysis of the delays in debt payments by both listed and unlisted companies; Alternative model able to describe the expected delays from the initial agreed period; Inclusion of the financial risk in the parameter “time” of a discount function.
A new record of the genus Lissodema Curtis 1833 (Coleoptera: Salpingidae) with description of a new species in Korea
Authors: Lee Seung‐Gyu , Lim Jongok 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA genus Lissodema of Salpingidae is first reported from Korea with description of L. dolsandoensis sp. nov.. The new species is compared with related species of the genus. A description, habitus photograph and illustrations of the diagnostic characters are provided.
High‐affinity l‐malate transporter DcuE of Actinobacillus succinogenes catalyses reversible exchange of C4‐dicarboxylates
Authors: Rhie Mi Na , Cho Young Bin , Lee Yeon Joo , Kim Ok Bin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryActinobacillus succinogenes is a natural succinate producer, which is the result of fumarate respiration. Succinate production from anaerobic growth with C4‐dicarboxylates requires transporters catalysing uptake and efflux of C4‐dicarboxylates. Transporter Asuc_1999 (DcuE) found in A. succinogenes belongs to the Dcu family and was considered the main transporter for fumarate respiration. However, deletion of dcuE affected l‐malate uptake of A. succinogenes rather than fumarate uptake. DcuE complemented anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli on l‐malate or fumarate; thus, the transporter was characterized in E. coli heterologously. Time‐dependent uptake and competitive inhibition assays demonstrated that l‐malate is the most preferred substrate for uptake by DcuE. The Vmax of DcuE for l‐malate was 20.04 μmol/gDW·min with Km of 57 μM. The Vmax for l‐malate was comparable to that for fumarate, whereas the Km for l‐malate was 8 times lower than that for fumarate. The catalytic efficiency of DcuE for l‐malate was 7.3‐fold higher than that for fumarate, showing high efficiency and high affinity for l‐malate. Furthermore, DcuE catalysed the reversible exchange of three C4‐dicarboxylates – l‐malate, fumarate and succinate – but the preferred substrate for uptake was l‐malate. Under physiological conditions, the C4‐dicarboxylates were reduced to succinate. Therefore, DcuE is proposed as the l‐malate/succinate antiporter in A. succinogenes.
Three Models of Global Climate Governance: From Kyoto to Paris and Beyond
Authors: Held David , Roger Charles 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Paris Agreement has emerged as one of the world's most important international treaties. Many believe that it offers a new approach to the problem of climate change, can contribute significantly to the goal of reducing emissions, and may hold lessons for how to govern other cross‐border issues. As a result, it has been the focus of considerable debate among scholars and policy makers. But how precisely does Paris seek to govern global warming and is it likely to work in practice? We address this question by contrasting the Paris ‘model’ of climate governance with earlier ones associated with the Kyoto Protocol and Copenhagen Accord. These models have taken different approaches to the problem of governing climate change, each with attendant advantages and limitations. The Paris model advances upon earlier efforts in certain respects, but also blends elements from earlier models. We then lay out the central axes of the debate that has emerged about the future of the Paris model, and discuss research illuminating how it may operate in practice. The agreement's success will depend on how the agreement is implemented, and on how the UNFCCC process interacts with the complementary approaches to climate governance appearing beyond it.