bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local adaptation does not lead to genome‐wide differentiation in lava flow lizards
Authors: Krohn Alexander R. , Diepeveen Eveline T. , Bi Ke , Rosenblum Erica Bree 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdaptation can occur with or without genome‐wide differentiation. If adaptive loci are linked to traits involved in reproductive isolation, genome‐wide divergence is likely, and speciation is possible. However, adaptation can also lead to phenotypic differentiation without genome‐wide divergence if levels of ongoing gene flow are high. Here, we use the replicated occurrence of melanism in lava flow lizards to assess the relationship between local adaptation and genome‐wide differentiation. We compare patterns of phenotypic and genomic divergence among lava flow and nonlava populations for three lizard species and three lava flows in the Chihuahuan Desert. We find that local phenotypic adaptation (melanism) is not typically accompanied by genome‐wide differentiation. Specifically, lava populations do not generally exhibit greater divergence from nonlava populations than expected by geography alone, regardless of whether the lava formation is 5,000 or 760,000 years old. We also infer that gene flow between lava and nonlava populations is ongoing in all lava populations surveyed. Recent work in the isolation by environment and ecological speciation literature suggests that environmentally driven genome‐wide differentiation is common in nature. However, local adaptation may often simply be local adaptation rather than an early stage of ecological speciation.
Determination of chlorine species by capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry
Authors: Gaspar Attila , Pesti Anna , Szabo Maria , Kecskemeti Adam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe applicability of CZE with mass spectrometric detection for the determination of four chlorine species, namely chloride and three stable chlorine oxyanions, was studied. The main aspects of the proper selection of BGE and sheath liquid for the CE‐MS determinations of anions with high mobility were demonstrated, pointing out the importance of pH and the mobility of the anion in the BGE. The possibility of using uncoated fused silica capillary and common electrolytes for the separation was shown and the advantage of using extra pressure at the inlet capillary end was also presented. The linear range was found to be 1–100 µg/mL for ClO3− and ClO4−, 5–500 µg/mL for ClO2−, and 25–500 µg/mL for Cl−, but the sensitivity can be greatly improved if larger sample volume is injected and electrostacking effect is utilized. The LOD for ClO3− in drinking water was 6 ng/mL, when very large sample volume was injected (10 000 mbar·s was applied).
On the joint design of compressed sensing and network coding for wireless communications
Authors: Taghouti Maroua , Waurick Tobias , Tömösközi Máté , Chorppath Anil K. , Fitzek Frank H. P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCompressed sensing and network coding techniques have seen a widespread interest in many disciplines during the last decade. Recently, a novel idea emerged for the combination of these areas in wireless communications to leverage the benefits from network coding while taking advantage of the correlations in the (sensory) data. The potential gains, such as lower latency for large‐scale sensing scenarios, reduced energy consumption, and a decrease in the amount of data during transmissions, are alluring to many use‐cases. However, a common issue one faces when joining both techniques is encountered in the fact that network coding is designed to operate over finite fields, whereas compressed sensing is mainly concerned with real numbers. This paper studies the impact of compressed sensing on network coding to enable one step decoding for the reconstruction of compressed data. We emphasize and discuss the design of the sensing and coding matrices, as well as the algorithms that enable accurate reconstructions. We employ the KL1p compressed sensing library and the NS3 simulator to evaluate this joint design. Our simulations show that using normalized coefficient matrices drawn from Gaussian distributions has higher efficiency and scalability including, but not limited to, multi‐hop networks, where the recoding feature of network coding can be exploited. Furthermore, the Subspace Pursuit algorithm outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction algorithms, with respect to the reconstruction signal‐to‐noise ratio, by more than two folds compared to the other benchmark algorithms in cluster‐based Wireless Sensor Networks, where recoding using real network codes are involved.
Macrocyclic Amphiphiles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Geng Wen‐Chao , Xu Zhe , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanoparticles are the most crucial part of nanomedicine and various kinds of nanoparticles have been developed for drug delivery. As a new kind of nanoparticles, macrocyclic amphiphiles are gaining more and more attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their intrinsic features of molecular recognition and robust assembly. In this review, we summarized the reported works of drug delivery using macrocyclic amphiphiles, including cyclodextrin, calixarene, cucurbituril and pillararene species. These macrocyclic amphiphiles, serving as a new matrix of nanomedicine, can enhance drug solubility, improve drug stability, selectively deliver drugs to disease both in vitro and in vivo.
Interstitial copper‐doped edge contact for n‐type carrier transport in black phosphorus
Authors: Lin Ziyuan , Wang Jingli , Guo Xuyun , Chen Jiewei , Xu Chao , Liu Mingqiang , Liu Bilu , Zhu Ye , Chai Yang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has been shown as a promising two‐dimensional (2D) material for electronic devices owing to its high carrier mobility. To realize complementary electronic circuits with 2D materials, it is important to fabricate both n‐type and p‐type transistors with the same channel material. By engineering the contact region with copper (Cu)‐doped BP, here we demonstrate an n‐type carrier transport in BP field‐effect transistors (FETs), which usually exhibit strongly p‐type characteristics. Cu metal atoms are found to severely penetrate into the BP flakes, which forms interstitial Cu (Cuint)‐doped edge contact and facilitates the electron transport in BP. Our BP FETs in back‐gated configuration exhibit n‐type dominant characteristics with a high electron mobility of ~ 138 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature. The Schottky barrier height for electrons is relatively low because of the edge contact between Cuint‐doped BP and pristine BP channel. The contact doping of BP by highly mobile Cu atoms gives rise to n‐type transport property of BP FETs. Furthermore, we demonstrate a p‐n junction on the same BP flake with asymmetric contact. This strategy on contact engineering can be further extended to other 2D materials.
Estrogen receptor alpha activates MAPK signaling pathway to promote the development of endometrial cancer
Authors: Liu Ai , Zhang Dan , Yang Xiufen , Song Ying 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system in the world. For most of the treated patients, although the survival rate is improved, most patients still have a poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of EC has always been a strong scientific focus, but there is no clear conclusion. Therefore, in view of modularization, this study is to conduct an in‐depth analysis on the effects of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) regarding EC. The purpose is to identify the molecular course of EC. We obtained 10 co‐expression modules, in which ANO2, EMP3, and other genes are significantly differentially expressed in patients with EC. Additionally, there are active regulatory effects in dysfunction modules, thus genes such as ANO2 and EMP3 would be identified as key genes, which are associated with the development of EC. Enrichment results showed that the module genes were significantly involved in RNA splicing, covalent chromatin modification, histone modification, and organelle fission, and other biological processes, as well as significantly regulated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, Endocytosis, Rap1 signaling pathway, and viral carcinogenesis, and other signaling pathways. Finally, we identified noncoding RNA pivot including FENDRR, miR‐520c‐3p. Besides, transcription factors pivot including NFKB1, E2F1, and RELA which significantly regulate dysfunction module genes. Overall, our work deciphered a co‐expression network involving differential gene regulation in ERα‐associated EC. It helps reveal the core modules and potential regulatory factors of the diseases and enhances our understanding of the pathogenesis. More importantly, we revealed that ERα activates the MAPK signaling pathway to promote the development of EC. It helps to provide a new reference for later research.
Prognostic significance of peripheral blood‐derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in patients with digestive cancer
Authors: Liu Fangteng , Luo Hongliang , Zhu Zhengming , Zhu Peiqian , Huang Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccumulating studies reported the clinical value of derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) regarding the prediction of survival outcomes in digestive cancers, however, the prognostic significances of dNLR in these cancers were inconsistent. This study was carried out to clarify the relationship between circulating dNLR and prognosis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Eligible publications were collected and extracted by searching Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to November 21, 2018. The prognostic impact of dNLR in subjects with GI cancers was assessed with the overall hazard ratios (HRs). A total of 26 studies with up to 13,945 participants were recruited. Our findings showed that peripheral blood dNLR before treatment could be a useful prognostic predictor in digestive cancers, an elevated dNLR indicated a shorter overall survival (OS) in GI tumors (HR, 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–1.51). Furthermore, its significant prognostic value for OS was also confirmed in subgroup analyses stratified by disease type, publication year, type of research, detection method, geographic location, cut‐off value, treatment, analysis type, follow‐up time and disease stage. In addition, high dNLR was significantly associated with worse cancer‐specific survival (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04–1.47) and inferior event‐free survival (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.33) in patients with digestive cancers. Our study showed elevated peripheral blood dNLR may indicate unfavorable outcomes in digestive cancer.
miR‐186 modulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and mobility via targeting MCRS1‐mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Wang Huiling , Ou Jinrui , Jian Zhixiang , Ou Yingliang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed that miR‐186 is involved in the pathogenesis of many malignancies. However, the role of miR‐186 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis and its detailed mechanism are poorly understood. This study was to investigate the function of miR‐186 in modulating HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. We found that miR‐186 was decreased in HCC tissues and cell lines. Loss‐of‐function experiments showed that reduction of miR‐186 dramatically enhanced tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Besides, miR‐186 also participated in the modulation of the cell cycle. In addition, luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis showed that MCRS1 was a novel target of miR‐186 in HCC cells. Notably, upregulation of miR‐186 suppressed the nuclear β‐catenin accumulation and blocked the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in HCC cells. Forced MCRS1 expression abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR‐186 on cell growth, metastasis and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in HCC cells. Our findings may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of HCC and miR‐186/ MCRS1 might function as new therapeutic targets for HCC.
MiR‐199a‐3p inhibition facilitates cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cell through promotion of MEF2C
Authors: Chen Hong‐Ping , Wen Jing , Tan Si‐Rui , Kang Lu‐Mei , Zhu Gao‐Chun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) is a small molecule (19–25 nucleotide) noncoding RNA that inhibits the expression of target messenger RNA (mRNA) at the posttranscriptional level as an endogenous regulator. There is an increasing evidence that miR‐199a‐3p has a significant effect on the development of multiple tumors. However, the specific roles of miR‐199a‐3p in myocardial differentiation of embryonic stem cell still need to be investigated. Method of the hanging drop was used to build the model of cardiomyocyte differentiation of stem cell and beating rate of embryoid bodies (EBs) was calculated. The levels of intracellular MEF2C, a‐MHC, GATA4, Nkx2.5, and cTnT mRNA were measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while the expressions of miR‐199a‐3p were detected simultaneously. Protein levels of MEF2C, a‐MHC, GATA4, Nkx2.5, and cTnT were quantified by western blot analysis. Immunoreactivities of MEF2C and cTnT were analyzed by immunofluorescence. The interaction between miR‐199a‐3p and its predicted target (3′‐untranslated region of MEF2C mRNA) was verified by luciferase assay. MiR‐199a‐3p levels increased during cardiogenesis. MiR‐199a‐3p inhibitor increased the beating rate of EBs and promoted expressions of cardiac‐specific markers (GATA4, Nkx2.5, cTnT, and a‐MHC). Notably, miR‐199a‐3p inhibition brought upregulation of MEF2C, which is the target of miR‐199a‐3p that we predicted and verified experimentally. In addition, MEF2C siRNA decreased miR‐199a‐3p inhibitor promoted EBs beating and attenuated miR‐199a‐3p inhibitor‐induced cTnT and MEF2C expressions. The results above showed that MEF2C was involved in the process of promoting the differentiation of stem cells into cardiac myocytes by miR‐199a‐3p inhibitors.
NAMPT regulates PKM2 nuclear location through 14‐3‐3ζ: Conferring resistance to tamoxifen in breast cancer
Authors: Ge Xin , Zhao Yang , Dong Lingling , Seng Jingjing , Zhang Xiangyu , Dou Dongwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe resistance against tamoxifen therapy has become one of the major obstacles in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an essential enzyme catalyzing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis and is important for tumor metabolism. The study here sought to explore the effect of NAMPT on breast cancer survival with tamoxifen conditioning. We found that NAMPT was highly expressed in breast cancer cells compared with normal mammary epithelial cells. Inhibition of NAMPT by FK866 inhibited cell viability and aggravated apoptosis in cancer cells treated with 4‐hydroxytamoxifen. NAMPT overexpression upregulated 14‐3‐3ζ expression. Knockdown of 14‐3‐3ζ reduced cell survival and promoted apoptosis. Activation of Akt signaling, rather than ERK1/2 pathway, is responsible for 14‐3‐3ζ regulation by NAMPT overexpression. Furthermore, NAMPT overexpression led to PKM2 accumulation in the cell nucleus and could be dampened by 14‐3‐3ζ inhibition. In addition, NAMPT overexpression promoted xenografted tumor growth and apoptosis in nude mice, while 14‐3‐3ζ inhibition attenuated its effect. Collectively, our data demonstrate that NAMPT contributes to tamoxifen resistance through regulation of 14‐3‐3ζ expression and PKM2 translocation.
Ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and the distribution of spermatozoal nuclear histones in the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Stomatopoda)
Authors: Chen Tingrong , Sun Zhe , Mu Shumei , Jiang Lingling , Li Chao , Li Lu , Guo Mingshen , Zhang Zhaohui , Kang Xianjiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda; Crustacea) is one of the most economically important aquatic species of Pacific shrimp and it is distributed from Japan to the coast of China, the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, and the Hawaiian Islands. Early studies described certain characteristics of spermatogenesis and the sperm ultrastructure in Stomatopoda, but the composition of sperm basic nuclear proteins (SBNPs) remains completely unknown. We studied the sperm ultrastructure of O. oratoria using transmission electron microscopy and the histone composition using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. We found that the spherical nucleus is adjacent to the electron translucent external coat, which occurs in early spermatids. The acrosomal structure begins to form at the junction of the nucleus and the external coat. At the mid‐spermatid stage, part of the chromatin appears to be more electron‐dense than the external coat side. The aflagellate sperm of O. oratoria, are rounded or slightly ovoid in shape and have a consistent granular nucleus, an acrosome structure of pushpin shape and a spherical vesicular body in which faintly granular material is scattered. The acrosome consists of an acrosomal vesicle, perforatorium, and subacrosomal material. The sperm contains histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, H3.3, H2AX, and H2AZ as well as some histone modifications, that is, H3K9me3, H3K4me2, H3S10ph, H4Kac, and H2A + H4S1ph. Histones are localized not only in the nucleus of the sperm but also in other structures outside the nucleus. The results may provide new perspectives for systematic studies of crustaceans and their sperm chromatin components. These findings extend the study of the sperm structure of Stomatopoda and provide basic data to elucidate the epigenetic mechanism of fertilization.
Feasibility of using half‐dose Gd‐BOPTA for delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) at the knee, compared with standard‐dose Gd‐DTPA
Authors: Rehnitz Christoph , Do Thuy , Klaan Bastian , Burkholder Iris , Barié Alexander , Wuennemann Felix , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Weber Marc‐André 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWe sought to replace full‐dose Gd‐DTPA with safer and lower‐dose contrast agents for delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC). Gd‐BOPTA has a lower intrinsic nephrogenic systemic fibrosis risk and a 2‐fold higher relaxivity at 3T; thus, the contrast agent dose may be halved, further reducing contrast agent‐dependent risks.PurposeTo compare the feasibility of using half‐dose, high‐relaxivity Gd‐BOPTA vs. standard‐dose Gd‐DTPA for dGEMRIC.Study TypeProspective observational study.SubjectsEleven healthy volunteers (five women, mean age 25.7 years) and 10 patients with knee pain (three women, mean age 36.7 years; nine with chondromalacia).Field Strength/Sequences3D T1‐weighted volumetric breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequence at 3T.AssessmentKnee dGEMRIC was performed twice, first using 0.1 mmol/kg Gd‐BOPTA and 4 weeks later using 0.2 mmol/kg Gd‐DTPA. Contrast penetration was studied using pre‐ and 60–120‐min postcontrast imaging in volunteers and pre‐ and 90‐min postcontrast imaging in patients. Femoral cartilage lesions were assessed using modified whole‐organ MRI scores. Healthy cartilage and partial‐thickness lesions were compared using region‐of‐interest analyses by independent readers.Statistical TestsLinear mixed‐effect‐models, area under receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve (AUC) analysis, intraclass correlation (ICC).ResultsIn healthy volunteers, Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐DTPA T1‐values did not differ significantly at any timepoint (P = 0.164–0.995). In patients, Gd‐BOPTA T1‐values (743.33 ± 72.015 msec) were higher than Gd‐DTPA T1‐values (681.24 ± 67.635 msec, P = 0.030). Gd‐BOPTA and Gd‐DTPA detected chondromalacia areas equally well, with significantly lower T1‐values than in healthy cartilage (P < 0.001) and nonsignificantly different AUCs (0.92 and 0.96, P = 0.27). The absolute decrease in T1‐values between healthy and pathological cartilage was similar (Gd‐BOPTA: 149.59 msec; Gd‐DTPA: 149.44 msec, P = 0.99). ICCs were 0.83–0.98 for Gd‐BOPTA and 0.80–0.98 for Gd‐DTPA.Data ConclusionGd‐BOPTA might be used at half the Gd‐DTPA dose in dGEMRIC, with similar contrast penetration and T1‐values in healthy cartilage and noninferior detection of cartilage damage.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:144–154.
Incorporation of a theme‐based research model into a pharmacy department research program
Authors: Welch Susan , Johns Rachelle , Nicholls Gary , Bennett Glenn , Kettle Emily , Duong Minh‐Tu , Finckh Andrew , Berry Melinda , Woods Nikki , Branch Judy , Tong Winnie , Duffy Martin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Australian hospital pharmacy departments, research programs are growing. Research is encouraged to be part of standard practice by many Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA) Standards of Practice documents and, in 2017, the SHPA National Translational Research Collaborative was implemented. Traditionally, the postgraduate research degree format is one of a theme‐based research model. Theme‐based research has been implemented in the Pharmacy Department of St Vincent's Hospital (Sydney) and a body of work has been produced. To illustrate this process, our work in the area of anaphylaxis and allergy in the emergency department over 10 years is described. This model has also been implemented for other target areas with success. It is a model that could be implemented at other sites to promote a collaborative research culture in a pharmacy department and build a body of work in a targeted area.
Impact of Weight Loss Strategies on Obesity‐Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Setayesh Tahereh , Mišík Miroslav , Langie Sabine A. S. , Godschalk Roger , Waldherr Monika , Bauer Thomas , Leitner Sabine , Bichler Christoph , Prager Gerhard , Krupitza Georg , Haslberger Alexander , Knasmüller Siegfried 
Published: May 2019

ScopeObesity causes DNA damage, which is causally related to several disorders including cancer, infertility, and cognitive dysfunctions. The aim of this study is to investigate whether weight loss improves the integrity of the genetic material.Methods and ResultsOverweight mice are fed ad libitum either with a Western diet (WD), with a 40% caloric restricted WD, or with a high carbohydrate low protein (HCLP) diet. Caloric restriction and also the HCLP diet lead to ca. 30% weight loss, which is paralleled by decreased DNA damage (“comet” formation) and oxidative damage of purines in inner organs, additionally the activity of nucleotide excision repair increased. The effects are more pronounced in animals that have received the HCLP chow. Results of biochemical analyses indicate that the reduction of DNA damage is associated with a decrease of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and lower insulin levels.ConclusionThe study indicates that weight loss may prevent obesity‐associated adverse health effects due to reduction of overall DNA damage.