bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Boundaries: Achieving Safe and Efficient Delivery of Deep Play Exploration Wells
Authors: Mahmood Humaimi. , Fadhil Kindi. , Abdul Aziz Burashdi. , Aiman Mughaizwi. , Faisal Busaidi. , Nasser Abbadi. , Ibrahim Al-Suleimani. , Isehaq Sabhi. , Salmeen Marjibi. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of frontier exploration in deep HTHP play wells, specifically those exceeding 6 km depth in Northern Sultanate of Oman and targeting deep and sour formations. The study focuses on advancements in well design optimization, drilling dynamics, and operational efficiencies to achieve critical well objectives safely while reducing costs and minimizing health, safety, and environmental (HSE) impacts, despite the challenges posed by high subsurface uncertainties such as a wide range of pore pressure- fracture gradients (PPFG), highly sour environments with H2S, and hard rock formations.
To address these challenges, a multifaceted approach was employed, integrating advanced well design, hybrid completion techniques, and optimized material selection. This includes comprehensive drilling dynamics, geomechanical strategies, and rigorous planning and execution efforts. Innovative material usage, such as hybrid completions for increased fracturing pressure, played a pivotal role in overcoming the unique conditions of Northern Sultanate of Oman's deep geological formations.
The application of these methodologies resulted in significant achievements: cost savings exceeding $2.6 million, operational efficiencies with less than 0.4% non-productive time, and substantial mitigation of HSE impacts. Notably, well-1 utilized an optimized hybrid casing string, saving over $600,000 and reducing equipment runs. Wells 2 and 3 demonstrated the effectiveness of new hybrid completion approaches, enhancing fracturing capabilities under high-pressure conditions. The project has proven its expectations in terms of hydrocarbons, illustrating the potential of deep play wells to yield substantial returns and valuable geological data for ongoing exploration efforts. These results underscore the success of the optimized approaches in handling harsh reservoir conditions and exceptionally hard rock formations, setting new benchmarks for safe and efficient deep play exploration.
Additionally, the paper introduces groundbreaking techniques like hybrid completions and surface-applied pressure in B-Annulus optimization, offering robust solutions for deep play exploration challenges. The successful replication of these techniques across critical sour wells in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) showcases their potential to revolutionize deep and deeper play gas exploration, promising substantial advancements in exploration capabilities and industry standards.
Achieving Energy Savings Through Monitoring and Data Analysis
Authors: Al Ahmed Manal , Sajjad Saqib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the pivotal role of continuous monitoring and data analysis in establishing an effective energy management system within the oil and gas industry. As global energy demands continue to surge, the imperative for fuel efficiency and carbon footprint has become a critical concern for utility providers. Organizations across the sector are persistently seeking innovative ways to optimize plant operations, control life cycle costs, and mitigate fuel consumption and carbon footprint.
ADNOC Gas, a leading energy company in the United Arab Emirates, has adopted a proactive approach to enhance operational efficiency and accordingly revenue generation from its existing assets, including gas turbine generators, steam turbine generators, and boilers. By leveraging its in-house resources and expertise, one of the operating sites has successfully identified and implemented two distinct energy improvement initiatives through the application of continuous monitoring and data analysis.
These initiatives underscore the value of a comprehensive energy management strategy that seamlessly integrates real-time monitoring, data-driven decision-making, and a steadfast commitment to operational excellence. By optimizing the performance of their critical assets, ADNOC Gas has achieved significant reductions in fuel consumption and carbon emissions, ultimately enhancing the company's overall sustainability and profitability.
The paper's in-depth examination of the referred success story serves as a valuable case study for other utility providers and energy companies seeking to implement similar strategies to improve their own operational efficiency and environmental performance. The insights presented in this paper offers a roadmap for organizations looking to leverage the power of continuous monitoring and data-driven decision-making to drive sustainable energy management practices in the oil and gas industry.
Chemical Tracer for Soil CCS Monitoring Application: Monitoring CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers Using Advanced Chemical Tracer and Detection Technology
Authors: Al Muntheri Hiyam , XU Siqing , Al Hammadi Amer , Al Shehhi Zayed , Abazeed Osama , Hartvig Sven Kristian , Ghosh Abbay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
ADNOC has embarked on a major Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project where large quantities of CO2 are injected into deep saline aquifers for permanent storage instead of releasing into the atmosphere.
An advanced chemical tracer technology was deployed in the first CCS project in the UAE for continuous CO2 monitoring to ensure permanent and safe CO2 storage. In case of containment breach, the chemical tracer technology can confirm the leakage and identify its source.
After CO2 injection for permanent storage, any containment breaching would be detected in the shallow soil monitoring borehole. Few soil monitoring boreholes were excavated across the field in which Capillary Adsorption Tubes (CAT) were inserted for some time and replaced by another according to the sampling frequency plan. The tube is sent to the lab for CO2 leak detection and reporting. The high detection resolution is in the order of 0.1 parts per trillion (ppt). This has a positive impact on the system economics because smaller quantities of chemical tracer material are required.
The tracer injection monitoring system is ongoing in the first CO2 storage area of Abu Dhabi. The monitoring includes soil monitoring which are shallow boreholes. The soil monitoring boreholes were excavated close to the CO2 injection well to ensure that there are no well integrity issues developed due to thermal effects by CO2 injection. The soil monitoring boreholes to be verified by surface gas CO2 monitors. Soil monitors were located around the radial storage area, to detect CO2 leakage and to understand CO2 migration to the soil through the cap rock (in case of leakage). The monitoring system for caprock and well integrity will provide: Surface soil monitoring for cap rock integrity, integrity confirmation for legacy wells, integrity confirmation of injection well in the post-injection monitoring period, leakage quantification, leakage origin if multiple injectors. The monitoring system can continue for up to 30 years of the operational period as well as the full post-injection monitoring, measurement and verification horizon.
This paper presents a description of a sophisticated CO2 monitoring technology that is being deployed in UAE's first CCS project. CO2 tracer technology is considered as one of the most accurate methods to detect CO2 leakage at surface. Its high-detection resolution allows early leakage identification and early mitigation action. In addition, it proves to be relatively low cost, operationally easy to execute, and requires a small operational footprint.
Field Test of Lithium Extraction in Oilfield Associated Water: A Case Study of YQ Treatment Station
Authors: Miao Xinyue , Wen Zhang , Ren Yongcang , Wang Min , Wang Kelin , Zhao Zhiyong , Liu Zhiming , Han Guoqiang , Ma Rui , Chen Xin , Zhang Lei , Deng Qianxing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The oilfield associated water is complex in composition and poses significant hazards, necessitating treatment to prevent environmental pollution. Taking the Yingqian Treatment Station as an example, it processes approximately 2,400m³ of water daily. Sampling and testing revealed that the total hardness of the water exceeds 20,000mg/L, with a Mg2+ concentration of about 1,200mg/L. Most importantly, the Li+ concentration reached 150mg/L, meeting the requirements for economic development (≥50mg/L). Consequently, related research and experiments were promptly initiated.
Owing to the associated water's high total hardness and low lithium content, which significantly differ from saturated brine, traditional lithium extraction techniques cannot be directly applied. In response, research has identified that manganese-based adsorbents offer the advantage of high adsorption capacity, but require concentrated acid for desorption. Conversely, bipolar membrane electrodialysis has the merit of producing lithium products with high purity; however, the byproduct concentrated acid is a hazardous chemical that necessitates proper disposal. Consequently, a combined technological approach has been proposed to leverage the strengths of both methods.
The lithium extraction experiment from oil-gas field associated water at the YQ Treatment Station in China was conducted from May to June 2023, successfully producing 2.05kg of monohydrate lithium hydroxide from 116m3 of associated water. However, the experiment encountered numerous issues. For instance, the LiCl solution after a single desorption with HCl failed to meet the feed concentration requirements for subsequent processes. After extensive argumentation, the solution was adjusted by using a mixture of LiCl and HCl from the first desorption to replace HCl as the desorbent, and adjusting the desorption process from one stage to two, thereby increasing the LiCl concentration.
The daily production of associated water in blocks such as Yingqian (YQ), Keshen 8 (KS8), and Dabei (DB) in the Western China Oil-gas Field exceeds 7,000 m3, indicating potential for lithium resource development. In the near future, as these lithium resources are gradually harnessed, they will yield substantial economic benefits and reduce the overall cost of water treatment.
Simultaneous Industrial Decarbonization and High-Value Materials Production via Microwave Plasma-Based Methane Cracking: Demonstration in an Industrial Setting
Authors: Elcoate C. D. , Cruz A. J. , Urade A. , Al Maqtari A. , Dhebar S. , Khan I. M. , Zaffaroni F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Robust, scalable, and cost-effective decarbonization technologies are key to the energy transition roadmaps of the energy sector and the industrial segments at large. In particular, to reach ADNOC's target of net-zero emissions by 2045, the reduction of methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, is critical. To accelerate the deployment of decarbonization technologies, these innovative solutions must be proven in real and scaled environments in a safe, efficient, and reliable way. This paper aims to showcase a pilot study led by Levidian, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), ADNOC Gas, and Baker Hughes, deploying the LOOP technology. This technology platform converts hydrocarbons into a high-value revenue stream through hydrogen-rich output gas and graphene. This work presents collaborative effort on field deployment studies and preliminary outcomes, lessons learned, next steps and future potential.
The energy sector faces the multifaceted challenge of industrial decarbonization while concurrently ensuring security, affordability, and sustainability. In industrial facilities such as oil refineries and upstream oil and gas sites, there are currently limited solutions that can provide the following: Proving flare gas sites can be decarbonized at scale and cost-effectively.Enabling hydrogen production from methane-rich gas sources.Demonstrating carbon capture in the form of high-value material, e.g., graphene.
The LOOP technology – a demonstration of circular economy in action – is a platform that decarbonizes gas, produces a hydrogen-rich gas stream and locks carbon in high-value graphene. Graphene is being incorporated into materials to make them last longer and perform better. It has unique characteristics, such as high mechanical strength and excellent thermal and electrical conductivities, which make it possible to enhance a wide range of materials, improving product performance, increasing lifespan, and reducing carbon footprint. Levidian, ADNOC, and Baker Hughes collaborated to accelerate the technology readiness level of the LOOP through a pilot study, enabling the deployment of the system at the Habshan Gas Processing Plant in the UAE.
Development of Simplified CO2 Liquefaction & Loading Process at Elevated Pressure
Authors: Shazawa Yu , Suzuki Asato , Shimizu Miho , Nakano Yoshitaka , Inoue Tomoki , Lothe Per 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing urgency to mitigate climate change has driven significant interest in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies. These technologies are essential for reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thereby limiting global temperature rise. Among these technologies, the liquefaction, marine transportation, and storage of liquefied carbon dioxide (LCO2) play a crucial role.
CO2 liquefaction and marine transportation typically involve medium pressure (MP) or low pressure (LP) modes which require extensive refrigeration cycles. The MP mode of liquefaction and marine transportation is a traditional method, whereas the LP mode is relatively recent. However, these cycles lead to high energy consumption and capital expenditures (CAPEX), which can make the processes less efficient and more costly.
This paper explores an innovative approach to simplify the CO2 liquefaction process at elevated pressures (EP) using LCO2-EP cargo tank technology optimized for CO2. The proposed approach involves a liquefaction cycle using isenthalpic expansion leveraging the Joule-Thomson (J-T) effect instead of external refrigeration cycles. The primary goals are to reduce energy consumption, to lower CAPEX, and to minimize CO2 emissions within the CCS value chain.
Rapid Forecasting of Trapped and Movable Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifers using LSTM-based Sequence-to-Sequence Learning
Authors: Ren G. , Talabi O. , Kumar V. , Misra S. , Odi U. , Silver A. , Gupta A. , Temizel C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geological carbon storage (GCS) will play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Deep saline aquifers are considered suitable sites for geological carbon storage due to their accessibility, storage capacity, and containment efficiency. The paper develops a deep-learning-based rapid forecasting workflow to visualize the temporal evolution of the trapped and movable CO2 in the subsurface aquifer during a geological carbon storage operation. Rapid forecasting enables agile decision-making by providing timely insights into rapidly changing environments. This study presents the application of an LSTM-based Seq2Seq model for predicting the temporal variations in proportions of residually trapped, solubility trapped (dissolved), and movable CO2. A dataset comprising 1600 simulations of CO2 evolution in saline aquifer under various geological and engineering parameters was utilized as training and testing dataset. The LSTM-based Seq2Seq model was trained and tested to forecast the dynamic temporal variations in residually trapped and solubility trapped CO2 mass and the movable CO2 mass fractions over a period of 80 years, involving injection phase followed by monitoring phase. The prediction outcomes demonstrate that the LSTM-based Seq2Seq model not only attains a Coefficient of Determination (R2) of up to 0.99 but also requires merely 0.35 milliseconds to forecast the movable and trapped CO2 mass, which is six orders of magnitude computational speed-up as compared to conventional simulator.
A Comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment of an LNG Carrier from Cradle to Grave
Authors: Bansal Ambrish , Pranav Kumar , Bhopale Manasi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research paper presents a comprehensive Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) of a 174,000 m3 LNG Carrier, covering the entire lifecycle from material extraction to ship breaking and material recycling and disposal (cradle to grave). Adhering to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, the study employed SimaPro software for modelling and utilized CML - IA methodology for impact assessment, including categories such as global warming and human toxicity. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for uncertainty analysis, enhancing the study's reliability.
The assessment comprised three phases: Cradle-to-Gate (ship building), Gate-to-End of Operations (ship operations), and End of Operations to Grave (ship decommissioning and recycling). Data from shipyards and operators ensured industry- specific relevance. The Cradle-to-Gate stage evaluated the environmental impacts of shipyard processes, raw materials, and equipment, establishing a baseline for scope 3 emissions estimation. The LCA establishes a comprehensive scope 3 assessments offering insights beyond direct operational activities, fostering collaboration with suppliers for shared environmental goals. By assessing the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of materials, the study highlighted the ecological benefits of adopting sustainable options like 'green steel.' It also examined the impact of renewable energy use in the yard.
The Gate-to-End of Operations stage analyzed operational impacts, considering different ship modes, maintenance, and emissions associated with fuel use. The study emphasized the importance of considering both Well-to-Tank and Tank-to- Wake emissions in LCA for informed decisions on fuel selection based on sustainability goals.
Quantifying environmental impacts throughout the LNG Carrier's lifecycle provides valuable information for decisionmakers, shipbuilders, and regulators. The research offers strategic guidance for stakeholders to align with sustainability goals, enabling continuous monitoring and evaluation. This approach empowers decision-makers to implement targeted improvements, steering the maritime industry towards a more environmentally responsible and sustainable future.
The total Global Warming Potential for the LNG carrier was found to be 2370 million kg CO2 eq. The assessment identified the Gate to End of Operations phase, particularly Ship Operations, as the primary contributor to the LNG carrier's Global Warming Potential (GWP), primarily due to fuel use. The End of Operations to Grave phase, focusing on ship recycling, highlighted steel melting as a significant contributor to GWP, underscoring the need for sustainable ship-breaking practices.
Innovation in Battery Energy Storage Systems via Redox Flow Batteries Technology
Authors: Atatreh S. , Seddik B. Ahmed , Qurashi A. , Ozsoy O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Utility scale energy storage which is cost effective and scalable is required to meet the global energy demand while maintaining global climate goals, including UAE's goal of net zero by 2050. Increasing renewable energy resources results in volatility presented by supply fluctuations and grid-stability challenges which can be addressed through innovative modular Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) that has long discharge hours, more than six hours, fast ramp-up rate and has relatively low maintenance cost. Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) provide substantial advantages which support a scalable, efficient utility scale energy storage system that can be commercialized at a competitive Levelized Cost of Storage (LCOS).
Our global Innovation centers are collaborating to develop innovative solution to upgrade existing Battery Energy Storage Systems in power plants and other applications via Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) technologies along with wide synergy opportunities for clean technology implementation. Our research focuses on the system integration of large scale VRFB system, power rating of 10-100 MW, to the grids and investigates economics of scale and demand forecasts. Moreover, it aims to study the effect of high temperature in the GCC region on the performance of the cell, stack, and system levels. VRFB provides substantial advantages which support the commercialization regions that are rich with Renewable Energy (RE) resources, like solar and wind, where the surplus production can be stored and used at a feasible cost. Other applications include black start and backup power, also upgrading the existing BESS in large power plants. VRFB systems have the unique advantage to decouple power from capacity and can be designed independently, which supports to adapt to changing market conditions and increase your plants flexibility. Moreover, the lifetime can match the powerplant and offer further aspects such as recycling capacity. It's important to note that studies reveal positive trends on the availability of the element Vanadium through reliable supply chain and stable supply/demand, which can further increase the competitiveness of VRFB.
Ongoing and future work includes collaborating with a utility/large energy supplier to study and develop a large-scale MW pilot VRFB system in harsh environment such, high temperature climates, to further co-create breakthrough industrial and commercial solutions in VRFB. Redox Flow Battery (RFB) systems are promising solution for utility scale energy storage solutions with zero emissions and have promising business case to replace diesel generators for backup power black start applications. The results include a complete system analysis and a feasible roadmap for VRFB technology adoption.