bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential associations between diet and prediabetes or diabetes in the KORA FF4 study
Authors: Breuninger Taylor A. , Riedl Anna , Wawro Nina , Rathmann Wolfgang , Strauch Konstantin , Quante Anne , Peters Annette , Thorand Barbara , Meisinger Christa , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: December 2018

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health epidemic. Diet and lifestyle changes have been demonstrated as effective measures in managing T2DM and preventing or delaying the progression from prediabetes to diabetes, yet the relationship between diet, prediabetes and diabetes is still not entirely clear. The present study aimed to further elucidate the relationship between diet, diabetes and especially prediabetes. A total of 1542 participants of the cross-sectional, population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study (2013/2014) were included in this analysis. Dietary intake was derived using a method combining information from a FFQ and repeated 24-h food lists. Glucose tolerance status was assessed via oral glucose tolerance tests in all participants without a previous physician-confirmed diagnosis of T2DM, and was classified according to the 2003 American Diabetes Association criteria. Crude and fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to examine associations between diet and prediabetes, undetected diabetes mellitus (UDM) and prevalent T2DM. After adjusting for major covariates, fruit was significantly inversely and total meat, processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and moderate alcohol significantly associated with UDM and/or prevalent diabetes. Sex-specific analyses showed that in men, coffee was significantly inversely (OR 0·80; 95 % CI 0·67, 0·96) and heavy alcohol significantly (OR 1·84; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·95) associated with prediabetes. Our findings on diet and T2DM are consistent with current literature, while our results regarding coffee, heavy alcohol consumption and prediabetes highlight new possible targets for primary prevention of the derangement of glucose homeostasis.
Hot water extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa) prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Uchio Ryusei , Murosaki Shinji , Ichikawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurcuma longa, also known as turmeric, has long been used as a medicinal herb with various biological effects. A hot water extract ofC. longa(WEC) has been reported to show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but its effect on hepatic inflammation is poorly understood. In the present study, to investigate the effect of WEC on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, C57BL/6J mice were fed a low-methionine, choline-deficient diet with 0·175 % WEC (WEC group) or without WEC (control group) for 6 or 12 weeks. Although hepatic steatosis was similar in the WEC group and the control group, WEC suppressed the elevation of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, which are markers of hepatocellular damage. Compared with the control group, the WEC group had higher hepatic levels of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase, as well as a lower hepatic level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. WEC also reduced hepatic expression of mRNA for inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, F4/80 and CC motif chemokine receptor 2. Histological examination revealed that WEC suppressed hepatic recruitment of F4/80+monocytes/macrophages and inhibited hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, WEC inhibited hepatic expression of mRNA for molecules related to fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor-β, α-smooth muscle actin, type I collagen (α1-chain) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1. These findings suggest that dietary intake of WEC prevents the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by alleviating hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation.
GravityCam: Wide-field high-resolution high-cadence imaging surveys in the visible from the ground
Authors: Mackay C. , Dominik M. , Steele I. A. , Snodgrass C. , Jørgensen U. G. , Skottfelt J. , Stefanov K. , Carry B. , Braga-Ribas F. , Doressoundiram A. , Ivanov V. D. , Gandhi P. , Evans D. F. , Hundertmark M. , Serjeant S. , Ortolani S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGravityCam is a new concept of ground-based imaging instrument capable of delivering significantly sharper images from the ground than is normally possible without adaptive optics. Advances in optical and near-infrared imaging technologies allow images to be acquired at high speed without significant noise penalty. Aligning these images before they are combined can yield a 2.5–3-fold improvement in image resolution. By using arrays of such detectors, survey fields may be as wide as the telescope optics allows. Consequently, GravityCam enables both wide-field high-resolution imaging and high-speed photometry. We describe the instrument and detail its application to provide demographics of planets and satellites down to Lunar mass (or even below) across the Milky Way. GravityCam is also suited to improve the quality of weak shear studies of dark matter distribution in distant clusters of galaxies and multiwavelength follow-ups of background sources that are strongly lensed by galaxy clusters. The photometric data arising from an extensive microlensing survey will also be useful for asteroseismology studies, while GravityCam can be used to monitor fast multiwavelength flaring in accreting compact objects and promises to generate a unique data set on the population of the Kuiper belt and possibly the Oort cloud.
Singular limits and properties of solutions of some degenerate elliptic and parabolic equations
Authors: Hui Kin Ming , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLetn⩾ 3, 0 ⩽m<n− 2/n,ρ1> 0,$\beta>\beta_{0}^{(m)}=(({m\rho_{1}})/({n-2-nm}))$, αm= ((2β+ρ1)/(1 −m)) andα= 2β+ρ1. For any λ > 0, we prove the uniqueness of radially symmetric solutionυ(m)of Δ(υm/m) + αmυ+βx· ∇υ= 0,υ> 0, in ℝn∖{0} which satisfies$\lim\nolimits_{|x|\to 0|}|x|^{\alpha _m/\beta }v^{(m)}(x) = \lambda ^{-((\rho _1)/((1-m)\beta ))}$and obtain higher order estimates ofυ(m)near the blow-up pointx= 0. We prove that asm→ 0+,υ(m)converges uniformly inC2(K) for any compact subsetKof ℝn∖{0} to the solutionυof Δlogυ+ αυ+β x·∇υ= 0,υ> 0, in ℝn\{0}, which satisfies$\lim\nolimits_{ \vert x \vert \to 0} \vert x \vert ^{{\alpha}/{\beta}}v(x)=\lambda^{-{\rho_{1}}/{\beta}}$. We also prove that if the solutionu(m)ofut= Δ (um/m),u> 0, in (ℝn∖{0}) × (0,T) which blows up near {0} × (0,T) at the rate$ \vert x \vert ^{-{\alpha_{m}}/{\beta}}$satisfies some mild growth condition on (ℝn∖{0}) × (0,T), then asm→ 0+,u(m)converges uniformly inC2 +θ, 1 +θ/2(K) for some constantθ∈ (0, 1) and any compact subsetKof (ℝn∖{0}) × (0,T) to the solution ofut= Δlogu, u> 0, in (ℝn∖{0}) × (0,T). As a consequence of the proof, we obtain existence of a unique radially symmetric solutionυ(0)of Δ logυ+ αυ+β x·∇υ= 0,υ> 0, in ℝn∖{0}, which satisfies$\lim\nolimits_{ \vert x \vert \to 0} \vert x \vert ^{{\alpha}/{\beta}}v(x)=\lambda^{-{\rho_{1}}/{\beta}}$.
Universal localizations via silting
Authors: Marks Frederik , Št'ovíček Jan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that silting modules are closely related with localizations of rings. More precisely, every partial silting module gives rise to a localization at a set of maps between countably generated projective modules and, conversely, every universal localization, in the sense of Cohn and Schofield, arises in this way. To establish these results, we further explore the finite-type classification of tilting classes and we use the morphism category to translate silting modules into tilting objects. In particular, we prove that silting modules are of finite type.
General sharp weighted Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities
Authors: Lam Nguyen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we will use optimal mass transport combining with suitable transforms to study the sharp constants and optimizers for a class of the Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequalities. Moreover, we will investigate these inequalities with and without the monomial weights $x_{1}^{A_{1}} \cdots x_{N}^{A_{N}}$ on ℝN.
Some nonexistence theorems for semilinear fourth-order equations
Authors: Burgos-Pérez M. Á. , García-Melián J. , Quaas A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the semilinear fourth-order problem ( − Δ)2 u = g(u) in exterior domains of ℝN. Assuming the function g is nondecreasing and continuous in [0, + ∞) and positive in (0, + ∞), we show that positive classical supersolutions u of the problem which additionally verify − Δu &gt; 0 exist if and only if N ≥ 5 and
$$\int_0^\delta \displaystyle{{g(s)}\over{s^{(({2(N-2)})/({N-4}))}}} {\rm d}s \lt + \infty$$
for some δ &gt; 0. When only radially symmetric solutions are taken into account, we also show that the monotonicity of g is not needed in this result. Finally, we consider the same problem posed in ℝN and show that if g is additionally convex and lies above a power greater than one at infinity, then all positive supersolutions u automatically verify − Δu &gt; 0 in ℝN, and they do not exist when the previous condition fails.
On the boundary conditions in estimating ∇ω by div ω and curl ω
Authors: Csató Gyula , Kneuss Olivier , Rajendran Dhanya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study under what boundary conditions the inequality$${\rm \Vert }\nabla \omega {\rm \Vert }_{L^2(\Omega )}^2 \les C({\rm \Vert }{\rm curl}\omega {\rm \Vert }_{L^2(\Omega )}^2 + {\rm \Vert }{\rm div}\omega {\rm \Vert }_{L^2(\Omega )}^2 + {\rm \Vert }\omega {\rm \Vert }_{L^2(\Omega )}^2 )$$holds true. It is known that such an estimate holds if either the tangential or normal component ofωvanishes on the boundary ∂Ω. We show that the vanishing tangential component condition is a special case of a more general one. In two dimensions, we give an interpolation result between these two classical boundary conditions.
Classification of nonnegative solutions to a bi-harmonic equation with Hartree type nonlinearity
Authors: Cao Daomin , Dai Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the following bi-harmonic equation with Hartree type nonlinearity$$\Delta ^2u = \left( {\displaystyle{1 \over { \vert x \vert ^8}}* \vert u \vert ^2} \right)u^\gamma ,\quad x\in {\open R}^d,$$where 0 &lt; γ ⩽ 1 andd⩾ 9. By applying the method of moving planes, we prove that nonnegative classical solutionsuto (𝒫γ) are radially symmetric about some pointx0∈ ℝdand derive the explicit form foruin theḢ2critical case γ = 1. We also prove the non-existence of nontrivial nonnegative classical solutions in the subcritical cases 0 &lt; γ &lt; 1. As a consequence, we also derive the best constants and extremal functions in the corresponding Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequalities.
Finite speed of disturbance for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Correia Simão 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the whole space. After introducing a weaker concept of finite speed of propagation, we show that the concatenation of initial data gives rise to solutions whose time of existence increases as one translates one of the initial data. Moreover, we show that, given global decaying solutions with initial datau0,v0, if |y| is large, then the concatenated initial datau0+v0(· −y) gives rise to globally decaying solutions.
Uniform moment propagation for the Becker--Döring equations
Authors: Cãnizo José A. , Einav Amit , Lods Bertrand 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show uniform-in-time propagation of algebraic and stretched exponential moments for the Becker--Döring equations. Our proof is based upon a suitable use of the maximum principle together with known rates of convergence to equilibrium.
Geochronology, paleogeography, and archaeology of the Acheulian locality of ‘Evron Landfill in the western Galilee, Israel
Authors: Shemer Maayan , Crouvi Onn , Shaar Ron , Ebert Yael , Matmon Ari ,   ASTER Team, Horwitz Liora Kolska , Eisenmann Véra , Enzel Yehouda , Barzilai Omry 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA multidisciplinary study was conducted in a newly discovered Paleolithic locality, named ‘Evron Landfill. This locality is a part of the Lower Paleolithic complex of ‘Evron located at the western Galilee, Israel. Examination of artifacts has enabled the cultural attribution of ‘Evron Landfill to the Early Acheulian, while detailed paleomagnetic stratigraphy places the hominin occupations near the Brunhes–Matuyama transition ~0.77 Ma. This age is constrained by cosmogenic isotope burial dating of the sediments overlying the Paleolithic finds, providing a minimum age of ~0.66±0.11 Ma for hominin activity at the site. These results are further supported by the biochronological information derived from the faunal assemblage. Comparative analyses of faunal remains and lithic artifacts from ‘Evron Landfill demonstrate similarities to the assemblages from the Early Acheulian site of Evron Quarry, located ~300 m to the south. Pedo-sedimentological analyses indicate that hominin activity took place in a marsh environment in proximity to the Mediterranean coast, which probably fluctuated in both space and time with a fluvial environment. In addition, this study provides important data about ancient coastal activity during the early to middle Pleistocene.
Shifts of demography and growth in limber pine forests of the Great Basin, USA, across 4000 yr of climate variability
Authors: Millar Constance I. , Charlet David A. , Delany Diane L. , King John C. , Westfall Robert D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAnnually dated tree-rings of 509 live and deadwood limber pine (Pinus flexilis) samples from the semi-arid Wassuk Range, Nevada, yielded a 3996-yr record extending from 1983 BC to AD 2013. Correlations of radial growth with climate were positive for water relations and negative for summer temperatures. Long-term trends of ring-width corresponded to climate variability documented from other proxies, including low growth during the Late Holocene Dry Period and Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and elevated growth during cool, wet periods of the Neoglacial and Little Ice Age. Spline fit of the data indicated that growth decrease in the last 20 years was second lowest on record, surpassed by lowest growth at 20 BC—AD 150. Demographics of limber pine by aspect and elevation were not strongly related to long-term climate dynamics, except in the case of extirpations on all but north aspects at the end of the MCA. Pines occurred persistently on north aspects, where a continuous record existed to present. Elevation shifts were not obvious on any aspect, and no evidence existed for migration above current treeline. Non-climatic factors appear to interact with climate to make north slopes refugial for upland pines in semi-arid regions across four millennia.
The environmental impact of a pre-Columbian city based on geochemical insights from lake sediment cores recovered near Cahokia
Authors: Pompeani David P. , Hillman Aubrey L. , Finkenbinder Matthew S. , Bain Daniel J. , Correa-Metrio Alexander , Pompeani Katherine M. , Abbott Mark B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCahokia is the largest documented urban settlement in the pre-Columbian United States. Archaeological evidence suggests that the city, located near what is now East St. Louis, Illinois, began to rapidly expand starting around AD 1050. At its height, Cahokia extended across 1000 ha and included large plazas, timber palisade walls, and hundreds of monumental earthen mounds. Following several centuries of occupation, the city experienced a period of gradual abandonment from about AD 1200 to 1400. Here, we present geochemical data from a 1500-year-old sediment core from nearby Horseshoe Lake that records watershed impacts associated with the growth and decline of Cahokia. Sedimentary analysis shows a distinctive 24-cm-thick, gray, fine-grained layer formed between AD 1150 and 1220 and characterized by low carbonate δ13C, elevated sorbed metal concentrations, and higher organic matter δ15N. The deposition of this layer is contemporaneous with archaeological evidence of increased agricultural activity, earthen mound construction, and higher populations surrounding the lake. We hypothesize that these human impacts increased soil erosion, producing new sediment sources from deeper soil horizons, and shifted dissolved transport to the lake, producing lower carbonate δ13C values, higher concentrations of lead, copper, potassium, and aluminum, and increased δ15N, likely due to contributions of enriched nitrogen from sewage.
Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study
Authors: Elstgeest Liset E. M. , Visser Marjolein , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Colpo Marco , Bandinelli Stefania , Brouwer Ingeborg A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigated bidirectional associations between intake of food groups and depressive symptoms in 1058 Italian participants (aged 20–102 years) of the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Dietary intake, assessed with a validated FFQ, and depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 9 years. Associations of repeated measurements of intakes of thirteen food groups with 3-year changes in depressive symptoms, and vice versa, were analysed using linear mixed models and logistic generalised estimating equations. Fish intake was inversely (quartile (Q)4 v. Q1, B=–0·97, 95 % CI –1·74, –0·21) and sweet food intake positively (Q4 v. Q1, B=1·03, 95 % CI 0·25, 1·81) associated with subsequent CES-D score. In the other direction, higher CES-D scores were associated with decreases in intakes of vegetables (ratio: 0·995, 95 % CI 0·990, 0·999) and red and processed meat (B=–0·006, 95 % CI –0·010, –0·001), an increase in dairy product intake (ratio: 1·008, 95 % CI 1·004, 1·013), and increasing odds of eating savoury snacks (OR: 1·012, 95 % CI 1·000, 1·024). Fruit, nuts and legumes, potatoes, wholegrain bread, olive oil, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee and tea were not significantly associated in either direction. Our study confirmed bidirectional associations between food group intakes and depressive symptoms. Fish and sweet food intakes were associated with 3-year improvement and deterioration in depressive symptoms, respectively. Depressive symptoms were associated with 3-year changes in vegetable, meat, dairy product and savoury snack intakes. Trials are necessary to examine the causal associations between food groups and depression.
Relationship between BMI and adiposity among different ethnic groups in 2-year-old New Zealand children
Authors: Buksh Mariam J. , Hegarty Joanne E. , Griffith Rebecca , Alsweiler Jane M. , McKinlay Chris J. , Harding Jane E. ,   for the hPOD Study Team
Published: December 2018

AbstractAge- and sex-based BMI cut-offs are used to define overweight and obesity, but the relationship between BMI and body composition has not been very well studied in children or compared between children of different ethnic groups. Body size and composition in childhood are also influenced by size at birth. Our aim was to compare body size and composition at 2 years in children with different ethnicity and size at birth. We prospectively followed a multi-ethnic cohort of 300 children born with risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia (infants of diabetics, large or small at birth or late preterm) to 2 years corrected age. Complete data on weight, height and head circumference and body composition using bioelectrical impedance 24±1 months corrected age were available in 209 children. At birth, compared with European children, Chinese, Indian and other ethnicity children were lighter, and Indian children had smaller head circumferences, but birth lengths were similar in all ethnic groups. At 2 years, Pacific children were heavier and had higher BMI z scores, and Indian children had smaller head circumferences and lower BMI z scores than those from other ethnic groups. However, fat mass and fat-free mass indices were similar in all groups. At median BMI, fat mass:fat-free mass ratio was 23 % lower in Pacific than in Indian children (0·22 v. 0·27, P=0·03). BMI is not a good indicator of adiposity in this multi-ethnic cohort of 2-year-old New Zealand children.
Helminth parasites and zoonotic risk associated with urban coyotes (Canis latrans) in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Luong L.T. , Chambers J.L. , Moizis A. , Stock T.M. , St. Clair C.C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) are resilient, adaptable, cosmopolitan omnivores that are increasingly prevalent in urban environments, where they interact with both humans and domestic dogs. Coyotes potentially transmit zoonotic parasites, including the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, which appears to be increasing in prevalence in western North America. In this study, we analysed the carcasses of 23 urban coyotes in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Focusing primarily on the helminth community, we recovered three tapeworm species (E. multilocularis, Taenia pisiformis, T. serialis), four nematodes (Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Capillaria sp., Physaloptera sp.), and two trematodes (Alaria arisaemoides and A. americana). Compared to previous studies of urban coyotes conducted in North America, we report one of the highest levels of E. multilocularis infection in North America: 65.2% infection prevalence. These results amplify concerns expressed by others about the increasing prevalence of this zoonotic parasite and the role coyotes may play in parasite transmission. More research is needed to better understand how various ecological factors, urbanization and wildlife management practices influence the transmission of potentially zoonotic parasites such as E. multilocularis.
Larval nutritional mode and swimming behaviour in ciliated marine larvae
Authors: Montgomery E. M. , Hamel J.-F. , Mercier A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSwimming propagules (embryos and larvae) are a critical component of the life histories of benthic marine animals. Larvae that feed (planktotrophic) have been assumed to swim faster, disperse farther and have more complex behavioural patterns than non-feeding (lecithotrophic) larvae. However, a number of recent studies challenge these early assumptions, suggesting a need to revisit them more formally. The current review presents a quantitative analysis of swimming speed and body size in planktotrophic and lecithotrophic propagules across five major marine phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Annelida, Mollusca and Echinodermata). Results of the comparative study showed that swimming speed differences among ciliated propagules can be driven by taxonomy, adult mobility (motile vs sessile) and/or larval nutritional mode. On a phylogenetic level, distinct patterns emerge across phyla and life stages, whereby planktotrophic propagules swim faster in some of them, and lecithotrophic propagules swim faster in others. Interestingly, adults with sessile and sedentary lifestyles produce propagules that swam faster than the propagules produced by motile adults. Understanding similarities and differences among marine propagules associated with different reproductive strategies and adult lifestyles are significant from ecological, evolutionary and applied perspectives. Patterns of swimming can directly impact the dispersal/recruitment potential with incidence on the design of larval rearing methods and marine protected areas.