bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of ANN-Based Predictive Model for Miscible CO2 Flooding in Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Khamidy Nur Iman , Tariq Zeeshan , Syihab Zuher 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Up to 2010, 44.55% of 312 EOR's project for light oil implemented around the world in sandstone reservoirs were come from continuous miscible gas CO2 injection which contributed to an incremental Recovery Factor (RF) of about 34.5% for less than 10 years of production period. This fact has triggered many oil industries to apply this potential and proven technogy for their assets. This potential comes with the needs of having a robust tool to forecast additional recovery due to CO2 injection. This work focuses to development of predictive model using artificial neural network (ANN). More than 6000 series of input-output parameters for ANN training and validation/testing data are extracted from numerical reservoir simulator of 1/8 of five-spot pattern models. The models are set as combination of reservoir geometry, rock, fluid and well operating condition parameters within the range of CO2 EOR screening criteria. The main objective of this work is to find the best ANN architecture/model which accurately matches reservoir simulation results, especially the relationship of RF, total volume of injected CO2 (GI) and the reservoir characteristics and well operating conditions. Trial and error of ANN architectures and parameters are done on number of hidden layers, number of neurons for each hidden layer, learning rate (LR) value, and momentum constant (MC) with minimization algorithm (Lavenberg-Marquardt) in Feed-Forward Back Propagation (FFBP) schemes under log-sigmoid transfer function. An optimum result of ANN model is achieved with an architecture of 18-26-11-2. The relative error of RF and GI of the ANN model are within range of 3 to 10% respectively. A better average relative error of RF and GI of 2.8% and 4.15% respectively are obtained after removing the outliers (unrealistic combinations of input data) from training process of the ANN model. Furthermore, it is clearly found that oil viscosity plays the most the important factor in CO2 EOR method.
An Automated Trajectory Control for Drilling Operations
Authors: Ignova Maja , Montois Michael , Mantle Katharine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a trajectory control and automated directional steering method for drilling operations. The core philosophy behind the trajectory automation and control is a multi-layered primary-secondary based approach in cascade. The complexity of the system increases with additional layers. This methodology improves the overall trajectory control system efficiency when dealing with nonlinearities, delays and uncertainties that are present during drilling as well as dealing with different frequencies of interest. This principle has been previously applied to several operational modes of trajectory automated control for RSS tools (e.g., attitude control with vertical drilling control as a special case). The remaining significant challenges facing trajectory automation include automated kick-off, automatic curve control for geometric and geological steering, and combining them into automated trajectory control by combining the surface and downhole information.
This paper presents the next level of directional trajectory automation and control that are currently handled and controlled by the directional drillers [e.g., geometric and geological steering (automated curvature control) as outer (primary) layer to the attitude controller]. The proposed method removes the surface drilling parameters dependencies on the downhole trajectory response. The performance of the curvature controller method has been investigated in virtual field test environment using model-based design process methodology.
Evaluation of the Potentials for Adapting the Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Technology in Tight Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Omar , Hossain Mofazzal , Patel Neha , Kabir Akim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is considered to be a vital cornerstone in decision making of unconventional reservoirs. With an increasing level of development of unconventional reservoirs, many questions have arisen regarding enhancing production performance of tight carbonate reservoirs, especially the evaluation of the potential for adapting multistage hydraulic fracturing technology in tight carbonate reservoirs to attain an economic revenue.
In this paper we present a feasibility study of multistage fractured horizontal well in typical tight carbonate reservoirs covering different values of permeability. We show that NPV is the suitable objective function for deciding on the optimum number of fractures and fracture half-length. Multistage fractured horizontal well has been found to be a feasible technique to produce from tight carbonate reservoirs with permeability in the range of 0.01-0.05 mD, while it is not economic reservoirs with permeability of around 0.001 mD. In addition, our study suggests that for feasibility study purposes simplified homogeneous reservoir models can be used instead of a heterogeneous one without compromising the quality of conclusions. This will save time, money and efforts in evaluating production performance of various options like, number, length and other fracture properties of multistage fractured horizontal wells.
Development of Artificial Intelligence Models for Prediction of Crude Oil Viscosity
Authors: Al-Amoudi Luai Ali , Ba geri Badr Salem , Patil Shirish , Baarimah Salem Obaid 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Crude oil viscosity is a significant parameter for the fluid flow in both porous media and pipe lines. Therefore, it has to be determined using highly accurate methods. Oil viscosity is usually predicted with the correlations obtained from the laboratory measured data. However, some of the presented correlations have very complicated assumptions which make them very difficult to apply in most of the case studies reported. On the other hand, simplified correlations companies the accuracy.
The present work in this paper studies predictive capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to estimate the oil viscosity. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are proposed to predict the undersaturated, saturated and dead oil viscosity in Yemeni fields. A data set consisting 545 of laboratory measurements on oil samples was gathered from different oil fields in Yemen. 70% of the data points were used to train the proposed ANN models while the remaining data set was tested the model performance. The performance of the ANN methods was compared with some of the conventional correlations such as (Beal's correlation, Khan's correlation, Kartoatmodjo and Schmidt correlation, Vasquez-Begg's correlation, Chew and Connaly correlation, Beggs and Robinson correlation, Elsharqawy correlation and Glaso's correlation).
The result of this study shows the superiority of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models over the current models for predicting oil viscosity from PVT data. The comparative results displayed that the proposed ANN models performed better with higher accuracy than those obtained with published correlations.
Integrated G&G and Engineering Assessment of a Remarkable Cretaceous Discovery in Bahrah Field at North Kuwait
Authors: Al-Shuaib Sarah , Al-Bader Haifa , Al-Salali Yousef , Abdel hameed Waleed , Ahmad Hanan , Al-Dousari Sarah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Comprehensive and fully-integrated analyses were performed on the first discovery in Zubair formation of lower Cretaceous age at Bahrah field in North Kuwait with objective of assessing HC potential, well performance, reservoir characteristics and verify connectivity between reservoir flow units.
Based on petro-physical evaluation of OHL, bottom-hole samples, and RDT pressure points two flow units within Zubair reservoir were identified. The OHL showed that these two zones are separated by thin shale strikes additionally; the resistivity against the upper zone showed possibility of being water. Therefore, it was decided to test the two reservoir units separately.
Subsequently, after two successful production tests, analyses of well production performance including Nodal Analysis, PVT, RDT and PTA were carried out for both zones in order to assess reserve potential, obtain essential reservoir rock & fluid characteristics and verify vertical connectivity.
Remarkable oil discovery was made in Zubair reservoir of Bahrah field with substantial addition of proven reserves and commercial production potential, which will definitely support achieving the strategic production target. In order to verify long-term production sustainability, Extended Well Testing (EWT) was conducted. The results showed that this reservoir is capable to produce Hydrocarbon in a sustainable manner. Production Performance, PVT, RDT, PTA and Nodal analysis results showed that the two tested zones in Zubair reservoir are interconnected with same fluid characteristics and it can be considered as one reservoir even though the open-hole logs responses showing that they could be different reservoirs.
This paper will present detailed comprehensive engineering and geological analyses of first Zubair oil discovery in Bahrah Field at North Kuwait. All available structural, petrophysical, PVT and production information were used to develop static model by Petrel-RE and subsequently, detailed data acquisition, appraisal drilling and conceptual field development plans have been established.
Effect of Permeability Anisotropy on Probe Permeameter Measurements
Authors: Al-Azani Khaled , Al-Yousef Hasan , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Probe permeameter (also known as Mini-permeameter) has been widely used in many field and laboratory applications where in-situ measurements and spatial distributions of permeability are needed. Mini-permeameter measurements have become popular techniques for collecting localized permeability measurements in both laboratory and field applications. It is designed to obtain fast, cheap, intensive and non-destructive permeability measurements and to describe the spatial arrangement of permeability.
In this work, the effect of vertical and horizontal anisotropy on the probe permeameter measurements was investigated. A numerical simulation model for the rectangular system representing a porous rock sample was built based on finite difference discretization of steady-state flow of an incompressible single-phase fluid in a three-dimensional (3D) system. The seal and tip of the probe permeameter are represented by no-flow boundary and constant pressure boundary, respectively. All the sides of the sample are represented by a constant-pressure boundary in which the sample is exposed to the atmosphere. The investigation was conducted by examining different permeability anisotropy ratios. These include fully isotropic sample, different vertical anisotropy ratios in a horizontally-isotropic sample, different vertical anisotropy ratios at different horizontal anisotropy ratios. All these investigations are performed at a constant probe injection pressure of 50 psig at the injection tip.
The results obtained showed the clear effect of anisotropy on the probe permeameter measurements and were expressed in dimensionless parameters. These dimensionless parameters include the ratio between the flow rate measurements at different directions for different vertical and horizontal anisotropy ratios. They also include the dimensionless pressure drop for the pressure drop measurements at different directions. From the plots of these dimensionless parameters, the permeability at different directions can be evaluated from a few steady-state flow rate and pressure drop measurements at different directions on a rectangular core sample. Therefore, a practical procedure for evaluating permeability anisotropy from probe permeameter measurements is also described.
Succession Planning; A Way Forward in Achieving Organizational Strategies
Authors: Al-Daihani Eisa , Nandi Arun Kumar , Raza Syed Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The upstream oil and gas industry, facing with an aging workforce, need to implement the right approach to ensure that competent work force available to carry forward the needed tasks in achieving the company's strategic goals. As organization grows, we need to ensure that processes are in place to attract, retain and develop the employee's talent for succession planning and management. The paper present a strategic process that focuses on creating a sustainable value chain of high potential talent who have the requisite knowledge and skills to lead and manage new organizational requirements and address business challenges.
As good succession planning is critical for companies facing the "big crew change," a systematic approach to implement fast track processes is proposed. It involves: i) Critical analysis of manpower (ageing/ specialization etc.), ii) Identification of specialized jobs / competencies, iii) Designing training & development roadmap for all jobs/ levels iv) Young Professional's, Mid- Career and Advance Career Competency Development Roadmaps v) Shadowing the personnel according to the jobs with target date and vi) Robust competency assessment process.
The significant impact of implementing above process will ensure the changed crew acquire the desired competencies within timeframe and will be able to take over the retired employee's position. Moreover, there will be no substantial setback to the organization in achieving the organizational strategies since technical capabilities is retained through systematic knowledge transfer process.
Implementing a proper succession plan process within the company is one of the significant initiatives to support the development of technical capabilities and leadership capacity to address the challenges like growth in production targets and handling maturing and more complex fields. The proper succession planning and management will also overcome the challenges of selecting the top performers and pooling the talent with equipped technologies.
The approach adopted will not only solve the problem of emerging big crew change but also help in achieving the company's strategic goals.
Reservoir Modeling of Complex Carbonate Deposits Integrating Well Data, Seismic Inversion and Depositional Model in Minagish Reservoir of Greater Burgan Field, Kuwait
Authors: Ben Amor Faical , Madhavan Sethu , Edwards Keith , Kalyanbrata Datta , Filak Jean Michel 
Published: March 2019

A Cretaceous carbonate reservoir, deposited in a shoal complex environment, produced only 10% of the estimated STOIIP, yet currently suffering from a rapid reservoir pressure decline. Recently acquired geoscience and engineering data revealed a lot of subsurface uncertainties. To boost the production and support a pressure maintenance project, a reviewed reservoir evaluation was critical to narrow down the uncertainties on reservoir structure, Tarmat prediction, rock quality, oil distribution and connectivity of aquifer with neighboring fields.
Owing to lateral variation of depositional environments field-wise and a complex diagenetic processes history, mutli-scale heterogeneities are seen both vertically and areally. Capitalizing on limited dataset, collected from early development wells and previously overseen deep exploration wells, a fully integrated approach was required to address these heterogeneities. Fault data, integrated with log & pressure data analysis and seismically mappable Tarmat related flat spots enabled to decipher reservoir compartmentalization. Detailed property modeling used a hybrid hierarchical workflow of deterministic, statistical and stochastic techniques, and allowed capturing depositional/diagenetic rock quality variations, including seismically mappable Tarmats' overprint, calibrated with well and geochemical data.
At borehole-scale, a cascaded PCA-NNs methodology in a hierarchical order yielded the best results in predicting lithofacies at un-cored intervals using wireline logs, thus enabling more favorably the comparison with the benchmark charts than the clusters generated by directly using NN with the same original logs.
Starting from a statistically proven tight relationship between borehole lithofacies, reservoir rock types and porosity, well-calibrated inverted seismic porosity maps have been used in combination with their corresponding kriged lithofacies proportion maps, together with well/seismic based variography analysis and sedimentological/stratigraphical concepts, to generate lithofacies trend maps. Thesemaps will be the main input we used for 3D facies distribution at the field scale.
The quantification of lithofacies statistical correspondances between well and seismic inversion data, enabled to segregate between reservoir shoal facies (porous limestone), non-reservoir facies (tight limestone), and intermediate-quality facies (fine-grained packestone). Seismic-scale sedimentary/diagenetic bodies were explicitly integrated into the facies model, however high-resolution borehole facies were stochastically populated, through constraining them to pre-established lithofacies trend maps. This served to directly constrain the 3D porosity distribution and, in turn, reservoir rock types - integrating lithology, petrophysics and reservoir behavior - all closely linked to each other.
The Synthesis and Application of a New Plugging Inhibitor PAS-5 in Water-Based Drilling Fluid
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Li Qiang , Yang Gang , Zhang Fengyan , Ma Tengfei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Wellbore instability caused by the dispersion of the clay is one of the most important challenges in drilling operation of fractured formations. The synthesis of new plugging inhibitors and the research of drilling fluid systems are key steps to keep the wellbore stabilization. In this paper, the limitations of conventional drilling fluid inhibitors are discussed and a new plugging inhibitor PAS-5 is synthesized by using amine inhibitor, polyethylene glycol and asbestos fiber as the main monomers. The detailed synthesis step of the plugging inhibitor PAS-5 is illustrated and its action mechanism is explained by scanning electron microscopy. In order to express the good effect of the PAS-5, a new evaluation system is used to indicate its plugging performance. At the same time, the plugging inhibitor PAS-5 was used on-site drilling operation in the Ordos Basin. The results of research show that the synthesis process of PAS-5 is simple and the effect of plugging inhibition is obvious. Compared with conventional treatment agents? PAS-5 outperforms sulfonated asphalt FT-1 and emulsified asphalt RHJ-3 in terms of plugging inhibition performance, with a plugging rate of 90.5% and roller recovery rate of 93.7%. It also has better temperature resistance, there is almost no change in viscosity and filtrate loss when the temperature rises from room temperature to 80°C. The field application results indicated that PAS-5 meets the requirements of drilling, that the reaming time of the trips of the wells is shortened considerably, that the ROP is improved, and that the hole enlargement rate is less than 6%. During the drilling process, PAS-5 can inhibit formation hydration and seal small cracks, thus maintaining the stability of the borehole. This study synthesized a novel plugging inhibitor PAS-5 and an evaluation system was adopted to reveal its plugging performance, and achieved good application effect in on-site drilling operations.
Forecasting and Modelling the Oil and Gas Reserves in Indonesia Using the Creaming Curve and Linear Regression Analysis
Authors: Abdul Azizurrofi Ahmad , Rahmat Firdaus Rikky 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
In early 2016, oil price has fallen to its lowest level (30.32 US$/bbl) over the last 12 years. Since then, petroleum exploration and exploitation activities are decreasing worldwide due to high production cost and low oil prices.
As of December 2017, there were 435 projects approved by the government of Indonesia, which is expected to maintain the national energy supply and to increase national income from oil and gas industry. This paper will evaluate and analyze the oil and gas reserves per project to help Contractors to find the area in Indonesia that has the highest trend of oil and gas reserves per project so that they can produce big revenue.
The purpose of this paper is, to divide the geographical areas of Indonesia into 5 different areas (Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua). Then, to collect the data that related to projects and oil and gas discoveries and the trend of oil and gas discoveries per project are calculated and analyzed by using the creaming curve method, the result will be distributed to those aforementioned areas and finally define the area that has the highest and the lowest number (trend) of oil and gas discoveries per project.
Based on the analysis of 435 Projects in Indonesia, Sulawesi is estimated to have the highest amount of oil and gas reserves by 111.24 MMBOE per project which means that these areas become the most interesting area for Contractors to produce profitable projects, meanwhile Sumatera is estimated to have the lowest amount of oil and gas reserves by 7.19 MMBOE per project which means that these areas are becoming the most mature area in Indonesia.
Finally, this paper is expected to provide contractors a quick look at oil and gas industry in Indonesia especially the contractors who are looking for the giant oil and gas reserves and also help them create their petroleum exploration and exploitation strategy in Indonesia by considering on this information which will provide benefits for both government and contractor.
Date-Leaf Carbon Micro-Nanostructured Particles DLCMNPs for Enhance Oil Recovery
Authors: Haq Bashirul , Aziz Md. Abdul , Hakeem Abbas Saeed , Mheibesh Yazan G , Ahmed Mohammed Ameen , Al Shehri Dhafer 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
To make proper utilization of natural resources, we try to explore the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential of the date leaf as the date tree is available all over the Saudi Arab as well as the Middle East. The aims of the study are to develop carbon nanoparticle from green Date-leaf and apply in EOR process.
Date-leaf carbon micro-nanostructured particles (DLCMNPs) were prepared from date leaves using pyrolysis method. After that, carboxylic acid functionalization was performed by acid treatment to make water soluble. Finally, morphological and chemical compositional characterizations of the DLCMNPs were done. Interfacial tension (IFT) between Arab light crude oil and DLCMNPs was measured using ASTM D 971-99a method [1] to find out the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and do core flood experiment.
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) images revealed that the carbon particles are in the range of few μm to 20 μm and are micro-nanostructured (i.e the micro-particles composed from nanosheets). The Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) indicates the presence of oxygen and little amount of silicon in addition to carbon in the particles. The TEM images indicated that the particles are porous in nature and contain nanosheets which correlate the findings of FESEM study. The selected area diffraction (SAED) pattern showed that the particles are crystalline in nature. XPS analysis of the DLCMNPs found that the presence of Si, C and O which was similar to the observation of EDS analysis. It also confirmed that the DLCMNPs is carboxylated functionalized. IFT between Arab Light crude oil and different concentrations of DLCMNPs solutions with distilled water were measured to determine the CMC. It was found that the particle has the capability to reduce IFT significantly. Core flood are going to conduct to explore the oil recovery potential.
The novelty of this work are: (1) the DLCMNPs are invented from low cost and locally available biomass, and (2) it has the capability to reduce IFT which is a vital parameter of EOR process.