bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeking normality: Parents' experiences of childhood stroke
Authors: McKevitt Christopher , Topor Marta , Panton Anna , Mallick Andrew A. , Ganesan Vijeya , Wraige Elizabeth , Gordon Anne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of paediatric stroke has been estimated to range from 1.2 to 13 per 100,000 children under 18 years of age. It is a significant cause of long‐term morbidity in children with long‐term impacts on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social outcomes. However, little is known about the experiences of parents caring for a child with stroke. Such information is needed to inform the development of child‐ and family‐centred care.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with parents of children with stroke. Participants were purposively sampled from three regional specialist services in England, based on the age of the child at stroke onset and time since first stroke. Interviews used a topic guide and were audio recorded and transcribed in full. Thematic analysis was conducted to develop an account that reflected patients' experiences from their own perspectives.ResultsTwelve parents participated with five children classified as having no to mild deficits and seven with moderate to severe deficits. Parents were concerned about the effects of stroke on the child's psychological, cognitive, and social well‐being. Significant impacts on parents own well‐being and on the family were reported. Although most experienced good quality acute care, meeting the child's needs after hospital discharge was problematic, with low levels of awareness of paediatric stroke among professionals and difficulties accessing relevant information and services. Meeting special education needs was variable. Parents were proactive in seeking to establish a sense of normality for the child and themselves.ConclusionsThe findings illuminate a wider picture of paediatric stroke than indicated by clinical outcomes alone. Parents' experiences varied according to the child's needs but also family's situation and geographical location. Particular attention should be paid to co‐ordinating services to meet multiple needs after discharge from hospital.
Safety of primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection: an international, multi‐centre prospective audit
Authors:   The 2017 European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) collaborating group
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionSome evidence suggests that primary anastomosis following left sided colorectal resection in the emergency setting may be safe in selected patients, and confer favourable outcomes to permanent enterostomy. The aim of this study was to compare the major postoperative complication rate in patients undergoing end stoma vs primary anastomosis following emergency left sided colorectal resection.MethodsA pre‐planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology 2017 audit. Adult patients (> 16 years) who underwent emergency (unplanned, within 24 h of hospital admission) left sided colonic or rectal resection were included. The primary endpoint was the 30‐day major complication rate (Clavien‐Dindo grade 3 to 5).ResultsFrom 591 patients, 455 (77%) received an end stoma, 103 a primary anastomosis (17%) and 33 primary anastomosis with defunctioning stoma (6%). In multivariable models, anastomosis was associated with a similar major complication rate to end stoma (adjusted odds ratio for end stoma 1.52, 95%CI 0.83–2.79, P = 0.173). Although a defunctioning stoma was not associated with reduced anastomotic leak (12% defunctioned [4/33] vs 13% not defunctioned [13/97], adjusted odds ratio 2.19, 95%CI 0.43–11.02, P = 0.343), it was associated with less severe complications (75% [3/4] with defunctioning stoma, 86.7% anastomosis only [13/15]), a lower mortality rate (0% [0/4] vs 20% [3/15]), and fewer reoperations (50% [2/4] vs 73% [11/15]) when a leak did occur.ConclusionsPrimary anastomosis in selected patients appears safe after left sided emergency colorectal resection. A defunctioning stoma might mitigate against risk of subsequent complications.
Inside bilingualism: Language background modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth
Authors: Birulés Joan , Bosch Laura , Brieke Ricarda , Pons Ferran , Lewkowicz David J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrevious findings indicate that bilingual Catalan/Spanish‐learning infants attend more to the highly salient audiovisual redundancy cues normally available in a talker's mouth than do monolingual infants. Presumably, greater attention to such cues renders the challenge of learning two languages easier. Spanish and Catalan are, however, rhythmically and phonologically close languages. This raises the possibility that bilinguals only rely on redundant audiovisual cues when their languages are close. To test this possibility, we exposed 15‐month‐old and 4‐ to 6‐year‐old close‐language bilinguals (Spanish/Catalan) and distant‐language bilinguals (Spanish/”other”) to videos of a talker uttering Spanish or Catalan (native) and English (non‐native) monologues and recorded eye‐gaze to the talker's eyes and mouth. At both ages, the close‐language bilinguals attended more to the talker's mouth than the distant‐language bilinguals. This indicates that language proximity modulates selective attention to a talker's mouth during early childhood and suggests that reliance on the greater salience of audiovisual speech cues depends on the difficulty of the speech‐processing task.
Metacognitive scaffolding boosts cognitive and neural benefits following executive attention training in children
Authors: Pozuelos Joan Paul , Combita Lina M. , Abundis Alicia , Paz‐Alonso Pedro M. , Conejero Ángela , Guerra Sonia , Rueda M. Rosario 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterventions including social scaffolding and metacognitive strategies have been used in educational settings to promote cognition. In addition, increasing evidence shows that computerized process‐based training enhances cognitive skills. However, no prior studies have examined the effect of combining these two training strategies. The goal of this study was to test the combined effect of metacognitive scaffolding and computer‐based training of executive attention in a sample of typically developing preschoolers at the cognitive and brain levels. Compared to children in the regular training protocol and an untrained active control group, children in the metacognitive group showed larger gains on intelligence and significant increases on an electrophysiological index associated with conflict processing. Moreover, changes in the conflict‐related brain activity predicted gains in intelligence in the metacognitive scaffolding group. These results suggest that metacognitive scaffolding boosts the influence of process‐based training on cognitive efficiency and brain plasticity related to executive attention.
Neurogenetic determinants and mechanisms of addiction to nicotine and smoked tobacco
Authors: Sharp Burt M. , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States is tobacco use. Decades of study show that the risk of becoming addicted to smoked cigarettes varies greatly amongst individuals and is heritable, yet environmental factors are also important contributors. In this review, we consider a wide range of methodologies and key published reports that have defined the inheritance of different stages of nicotine‐dependent smoking behavior, including preference, initiation, regular use, withdrawal and dependence as well as cessation and relapse. Major findings from both animal and human studies are discussed. Current findings converge primarily on the role of nicotinic cholinergic receptor subunits, although other neurotransmitter systems as well as nicotine metabolism enzymes are implicated. Various stages of nicotine addiction may share common genetic mechanisms, yet several lines of evidence indicate that each stage also has its own unique genetic determinants. Studies on the heritability of smoking initiation demonstrate substantial evidence for gene–environment interaction, although the precise molecular genetic mechanism(s) remains unknown. Considering the relatively few genes identified so far and the small to modest fraction of the variance in risk for a particular smoking phenotype (e.g., smoking initiation in late adolescence) attributable to these genes, a large gap remains to be filled in order to account for the heritability of key phenotypes involved in each stage of addiction to smoked tobacco. Looking forward, new research strategies involving both human and animal studies will produce the fundamental genetic insights that are the foundation for the precision medical treatment of individuals addicted to smoked tobacco.
Populism and democracy: The challenge for deliberative democracy
Authors: Sharon Assaf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTheorists of democracy have long grappled with the question of how to uphold the promise of popular government while restraining populist excesses. The deliberative conception of democracy proposes to do so by subjecting power to collective decision making through procedures of free and equal public deliberation. Critics of this idea often target its realizability. Though valid in theory, they claim, deliberative democracy is hopelessly utopian. The paper argues that, given a proper understanding of the deliberative approach and its underlying ideal of collective self‐government, this line of criticism is not very potent. However, another line of criticism, less pronounced in the contemporary debate, is more effective, questioning the very cogency of public discussion, even by a competent public, as a means of collective self‐government. Open public discussion is prone to various forms of manipulation and deception, which subvert rather than facilitate self‐government. Deliberative democracy's egalitarianism and populism therefore run counter to its deliberative aspiration, which underpins its ideal of democratic legitimacy.
Ecology of giant water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)
Authors: Ohba Shin‐ya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGiant water bugs (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) are aquatic predators of freshwater habitats, and include ca. 150 species distributed throughout the world's subtropical and tropical areas. They have unique mating systems, which involve female competition, and exhibit paternal care, wherein males attend eggs laid by the females on emergent plants (Lethocerinae) or on their backs (Belostomatinae). I review here the studies on the predator–prey relationships, morphology, migration, mating behavior and conservation of this family of insects.
Physical properties of emulsion gels formulated with sonicated soy protein isolate
Authors: Paglarini Camila S. , Martini Silvana , Pollonio Marise A. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on physical properties of soy protein isolate dispersions (SPI) and their addition to emulsion gels (EG) containing soybean oil (SBO), inulin (IN) and carrageenan (CAR). Sonicated and non‐sonicated SPI dispersions were mixed with CAR, IN and SBO and heated at 90 °C for 30 min to gel the emulsion. An increase in solubility and oil binding capacity was observed in sonicated SPI dispersions (S‐SPI) compared to the non‐sonicated ones. HIU changed the molecular weight of SPI and decreased apparent viscosity in the dispersions. The use of S‐SPI in the EG reduced the droplet size and increased the hardness and G′ values. The use of S‐SPI allowed a reduction of 75% of carrageenan in the EG without affecting the hardness of the gel. The results suggest that HIU can be used to improve rheological properties of functional EG.
A longitudinal, within‐person investigation of the association between the P3 ERP component and externalizing behavior problems in young children
Authors: Petersen Isaac T. , Hoyniak Caroline P. , Bates John E. , Staples Angela D. , Molfese Dennis L. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundExternalizing problems, including aggression and conduct problems, are thought to involve impaired attentional capacities. Previous research suggests that the P3 event‐related potential (ERP) component is an index of attentional processing, and diminished P3 amplitudes to infrequent stimuli have been shown to be associated with externalizing problems and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the vast majority of this prior work has been cross‐sectional and has not examined young children. The present study is the first investigation of whether within‐individual changes in P3 amplitude predict changes in externalizing problems, providing a stronger test of developmental process.MethodParticipants included a community sample of children (N = 153) followed longitudinally at 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Children completed an oddball task while ERP data were recorded. Parents rated their children's aggression and ADHD symptoms.ResultsChildren's within‐individual changes in the P3 amplitude predicted concomitant within‐child changes in their aggression such that smaller P3 amplitudes (relative to a child's own mean) were associated with more aggression symptoms. However, changes in P3 amplitudes were not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the P3 may play a role in development of aggression, but do not support the notion that the P3 plays a role in development of early ADHD symptoms.
SIV progenitor evolution toward HIV: A humanized mouse surrogate model for SIVsm adaptation toward HIV‐2
Authors: Schmitt Kimberly , Curlin James , Kumar Dipu Mohan , Remling‐Mulder Leila , Feely Stephanie , Stenglein Mark , O'Connor Shelby , Marx Preston , Akkina Ramesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow SIV progenitors evolved into deadly HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 following initial cross‐species transmission still remains a mystery. Here, we used humanized mice as a human surrogate system to evaluate SIVsm evolution into HIV‐2. Increased viral virulence to human CD4+ T cells and adaptive genetic changes were observed during serial passages.
Nurses’ experiences and reactions towards intimacy and sexuality expressions by nursing home residents: A qualitative study
Authors: Thys Kristof , Mahieu Lieslot , Cavolo Alice , Hensen Carolien , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Gastmans Chris 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo better understand how nurses experience and react to intimate and sexual expressions of nursing home residents.BackgroundAlthough many nursing home residents continue to desire intimacy and sexual expression, they commonly perceive negative attitudes of nursing staff towards them as a major barrier to their sexual well‐being. To eliminate this barrier, it is crucial to gain a more in‐depth understanding of nurses’ personal experiences and reactions towards intimacy and sexuality in aged care.DesignOur study used a qualitative design, rooted in grounded theory.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 15 nurses between 34 and 59 years of age were conducted. Participating nurses were recruited from seven different nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium. We used the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL) for data analysis. We followed the COREQ guidelines to ensure rigour in our study.ResultsNurses experienced and dealt with intimate and sexual expressions of residents in an individual way, which was focused on setting and respecting their own sexual boundaries and those of residents and family members. Depending on their comfort level with residents’ expressions, nurses responded in three ways: active facilitation, tolerance and termination. Nurses’ responses depended on contextual factors, including their personal experiences with sexuality, the nature of their relationship with the residents involved, the presence of dementia and the organisational culture of the facility.ConclusionsNurses face a wide range of experiences and emotions when confronted with residents’ expressions of sexuality and intimacy. A supportive approach is needed to guide nurses in dealing with these highly sensitive situations. This approach can be promoted at the institutional level through continuous educational programmes.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study advocates a contextual and interpretative ethical approach to sexuality in older adults, taking as starting point nurses’ own vulnerability and that of residents and relatives.
Radiographers’ experience of risks for patient safety incidents in the radiology department
Authors: Wallin Agneta , Gustafsson Margareta , Anderzen Carlsson Agneta , Lundén Maud 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe potential risks for patient safety incidents in the radiology department from a radiographer's perspective.BackgroundA radiology department is a high‐tech environment with high communication activity between different healthcare systems in combination with a large patient flow.Risks for patient safety incidents exist in every phase of a radiological examination. Due to the nature of the activity, a radiology department needs to have its own range of measures to prevent risks linked to radiology.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with 17 radiographers during the period September 2015 to February 2016. The data were analysed using conventional content analysis. This study followed the COREQ checklist criteria for the reporting of qualitative research.ResultsThe analysis yielded 20 different patient safety incidents that could result in the following six types of healthcare‐associated harm: Patients could be exposed to unnecessary radiation; patients could receive an inaccurate diagnosis; patients could incur drug‐induced damage; patients could suffer direct physical injury; or, their examination and treatment could be delayed or not carried out; or, their general health condition could deteriorate.ConclusionLack of communication and knowledge, both internally and externally, can increase risks for patient safety incidents. The study describes a complex chain of activities that represent risks in the radiology department. It needs to be pointed out that it is not always the activities in the radiology department that cause the harm.Relevance to clinical practiceTo carry out preventive patient safety work, a comprehensive analysis of the entire care chain is required. Patient safety work should also focus on improvement in communication both internally, within the radiology department, and externally. Standardised methodological guidelines, consistent prescriptions of method from the radiologist and a good working environment are internal success factors for patient safety at the radiology department.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: An updated analysis of the cases reported in the literature
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo review the clinical and radiographic features of the available data published on adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with special emphasis on the comparison of its variants.MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in July 2018. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical/radiological/histological information to confirm the diagnosis.ResultsA total of 436 publications reporting 1558 cases were included, of which 739 follicular, 247 extrafollicular, and 30 peripheral AOTs. Impacted canine is associated with follicular AOTs in almost 70% of the cases. AOTs were more prevalent in females, in the second decade of life, in maxillae, in anterior region of the jaws, and most are asymptomatic, with a considerable number of lesions presenting cortical bone perforation. Most of the lesions were treated by enucleation. Some cases of recurrence were reported in the literature, but only one was well documented. No difference was found when comparing the clinical/radiological features of the follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral variants.ConclusionsAdenomatoid odontogenic tumor variants do not show distinctive clinical radiological features. Recurrence of AOT is very rare, which justify its conservative management.
Assessment of Antagonist Enamel Wear and Clinical Performance of Full‐Contour Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: One‐Year Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Pathan Minaz S. , Kheur Mohit G. , Patankar Anuya H. , Kheur Supriya M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess the clinical performance and survival of full‐contour monolithic zirconia (MZ) crowns and enamel wear produced over a 1‐year period.Materials and Methods60 patients requiring full‐coverage restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth opposed by healthy unrestored antagonistic teeth were selected. MZ crowns were fabricated. Vinyl polysiloxane impressions of the antagonist teeth were made, and the stone casts were digitized using a 3D laser scanner. Wear of the opposing natural teeth was evaluated at baseline (1 week), 6 months, and 1 year after crown cementation. Superimposition of the follow‐up scans on the baseline scans were performed to evaluate wear. Survival and function of the restorations were evaluated by the modified USPHS rating criteria at the same timeframes.ResultsComparison of the baseline and the follow‐up wear values was statistically tested using the paired t‐test. Statistical significance was noted between the wear values at 6 months (15.5 μm) and at 12 months (16.3 μm) (p < 0.05). The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was performed to evaluate each parameter of the modified USPHS criteria and to analyze the change in the follow‐up scores of the restorations. The survival rate for the crowns was 100%. Results were classified as “excellent” over a 1‐year follow up.ConclusionsMZ crowns showed promising results related to antagonist enamel wear and survival/clinical performance.
HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION PROCESSES IN THE YANGTAKE FOLDBELT, KUQA FORELAND BASIN, NW CHINA: INSIGHTS FROM INTEGRATED BASIN MODELLING AND FLUID INCLUSION ANALYSES
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Liu Keyu , Jiang Zhenxue , Gui Lili , Li Fulai 
Published: September 2018

Abundant gas and condensate resources are present in the Kuqa foreland basin in the northern Tarim Basin, NW China. Most of the hydrocarbons so far discovered are located in foldbelts in the north and centre of the foreland basin, and the Southern Slope region has therefore been less studied. This paper focusses on the Yangtake area in the west of the Southern Slope. Basin modelling was integrated with fluid inclusion analyses to investigate the oil and gas charge history of the area.ID modelling at two widely spaced wells (DB‐1 and YN‐2) assessed the burial, thermal and hydrocarbon generation histories of Jurassic source rocks in the foreland basin. Results show that the source rocks began to generate hydrocarbons (Ro >0.5%) during the Miocene. In both wells, the source rocks became mature to highly mature between 12 and 1.8 Ma, and most oil and gas was generated at 5.3–1.8 Ma with peak generation at about 3 Ma.Two types of petroleum fluid inclusions were observed in Cretaceous and lower Paleocene sandstone reservoir rocks at wells YTK‐5 and YTK‐1 in the Yangtake area. The inclusions in general occur along healed microfractures in quartz grains, and have either yellowish or blueish fluorescence colours. Aqueous inclusions coexisting with both types of oil inclusions in Cretaceous sandstones in well YTK‐5 had homogenization temperatures of 96–128 °C and 115–135 °C, respectively.The integrated results of this study suggest that oil generated by the Middle Jurassic Qiakemake Formation source rocks initially charged sandstone reservoirs in the Yangtake area at about 4 Ma, forming the yellowish‐fluorescing oil inclusions. Gas, which was mainly sourced from Lower Jurassic Yangxia and Middle Jurassic Kezilenuer coaly and mudstone source rocks, initially migrated into the same reservoirs in the Yangtake area at about 3.5 Ma and interacted with the early‐formed oils forming blueish‐fluorescing oil inclusions. The migration of gas also resulted in formation of the condensate accumulations which are present at the YTK‐1 and YTK‐2 fields in the Yangtake area.