bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Game‐Based Distributed Control for Multiple Euler–Lagrange Systems over Switching Topologies
Authors: Liu Jiaxun , Wang Dong , Chen Mingfei , Liu Shuai , Dong Xiwang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the controller design for a game‐based distributed control problem for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems over switching topologies, in which the objective is to stabilize each Euler–Lagrange system and minimize the local cost function of an agent simultaneously. The communication topologies are switching among a set of weight‐balanced digraphs, and the dynamic of an Euler–Lagrange agent includes unknown parts. In this problem, agents have limited observation of others' states, but agents can estimate other states by exchanging information with their neighbors over switching topologies. The coupling states of agents, uncomplete states, and switching topologies are such that existing distributed control strategies cannot address this problem. In this regard, two distributed controllers are respectively proposed for this game‐based distributed control problem with known and unknown dynamics based on the feedback linearization, consensus‐based estimation, gradient play, and integral compensation. Based on the time‐scale decomposition technique and orthogonal decomposition method, it proves that the proposed controllers can stabilize the Euler–Lagrange agent and are such that the local state is pushed to the Nash equilibrium, and the communication topology is allowed to be arbitrarily switched among different digraphs. Lastly, the simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed controllers.
Understanding Preschool Educators' Writing Knowledge: Insights from the Early Writing Knowledge Assessment
Authors: Quinn Margaret F. , Bingham Gary E. , Rohloff Rebecca , Gerde Hope K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTeachers' knowledge impacts their practices in classrooms. While considerable research has sought to understand teachers' broad emergent literacy knowledge, less is known about the specific knowledge teachers hold regarding early writing. The present study engaged 66 diverse early childhood teachers in five Head Start programs across two states to examine teachers' knowledge for early writing, bringing specificity to our understanding of teachers' knowledge of writing skills and development. To overcome issues of current elicitation materials which employ researcher generated questioning and decontextualized testing formats, we utilized an innovative instrument (The Early Writing Knowledge Assessment: EWKA) to elicit teachers' knowledge and beliefs from three authentic, contextualized child writing samples reflecting distinct, developmental writing skills. Teachers reflected on each sample and responses were coded using a two‐step process and an a priori set of codes derived from established early writing theories. Results indicated that generally, teachers' early writing knowledge aligned with research‐based conceptualizations, however, wide variation existed in the language used. Patterns existed in the components and subcomponents emphasized depending on the developmental skills demonstrated in the sample. Study findings highlight the wide variability, including inaccuracies, of teachers' early writing knowledge and the inconsistent language used to describe writing development used in the field, both of which have implications for research and practice. Implications for the field, including the potential use of the EWKA to better understand the workforce and for use in professional learning are further discussed.
Spatial Overlap Between Bees and Pollinator‐Dependent Crops in Europe and North America
Authors: Rahimi Ehsan , Jung Chuleui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPollination is a crucial service provided by ecosystems, playing a critical role in global food production within agricultural landscapes. The successful pollination of crops by insects requires the spatial coexistence of these two entities. However, an assessment of the spatial overlap between pollinating insects and crops that depend on pollinators has not been conducted in, Europe and North America. To address this challenge, we employed species distribution models (SDMs) to generate distribution maps for 394 bee species in Europe and 697 in North America, along with maps for 41 pollinator‐dependent crops. Using Schoener's D statistics and a binary approach, we calculated the spatial overlap between crops and bees. Notably, there was a significant disparity in the overlap patterns between bees and crops in Europe and North America, with Europe exhibiting a higher degree of overlap compared to North America. Specifically, in Europe, the mean overlap based on Schoener's D for all crops was 0.55, while based on the binary approach, this overlap increased to 17.5%. In North America, the mean overlap based on Schoener's D was 0.35 for all crops and the binary overlap indicated a mean overlap of 9.4%. Our findings also pinpointed hotspots for bees, primarily situated in the western regions of Europe and both the western and eastern regions of the United States in North America. It is crucial to note that spatial overlap between plants and pollinators is just one facet of the conditions necessary for species interaction and does not directly imply actual pollination. Nevertheless, this study provides a comprehensive perspective on the potential spatial mismatch between crops and bees.
Smooth Hazards With Multiple Time Scales
Authors: Carollo Angela , Eilers Paul , Putter Hein , Gampe Jutta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHazard models are the most commonly used tool to analyze time‐to‐event data. If more than one time scale is relevant for the event under study, models are required that can incorporate the dependence of a hazard along two (or more) time scales. Such models should be flexible to capture the joint influence of several time scales, and nonparametric smoothing techniques are obvious candidates. ‐splines offer a flexible way to specify such hazard surfaces, and estimation is achieved by maximizing a penalized Poisson likelihood. Standard observation schemes, such as right‐censoring and left‐truncation, can be accommodated in a straightforward manner. Proportional hazards regression with a baseline hazard varying over two time scales is presented. Efficient computation is possible by generalized linear array model (GLAM) algorithms or by exploiting a sparse mixed model formulation. A companion R‐package is provided.
A Detailed Review on the Synthesis and Mechanistic Study of Pyrrole Fused Quinone/Naphthoquinone
Authors: Manna Susanta Kumar , Mondal Sampa , Ghosh Tapas , Bandyopadhyay Sumedha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis review article intends to explore the versatility in the formation of pyrrole‐fused quinone/naphthoquinone derivatives described in literature from 2008 to 2024. It deals with the multitude of paths to its synthesis from a variety of precursors using both metal‐ and metal‐free catalytic systems and their potential applications. This article also documented several bioactive cores accommodating indoloquinone and its analog. Noteworthy, mitomycin A acts as excellent medicine for variety of cancer treatment and its analog EO‐9 is under clinical trial. Here we present the synthesis of natural products zyzzyanone A, murrayaquinones B and murrayaquinones A, indolequinone‐based naloxone prodrugs exiguamine A and (NQO1)‐targeted prodrugs for hypoxia specific activation, antibiotic uthamycin B and its analog, indolequinone fused with ursolic acid (a triterpenoid rich in many Chinese medicines), which is a vital scaffold for the preparation of novel anticancer agent. Indoloquinone‐fused with ursolic acid (a triterpenoid rich in many Chinese medicines) is a vital scaffold for the preparation of novel anticancer agent. Recent synthesis of two cyanobacterial metabolites Calothrixins A and B has also been documented. This article also discusses the synthesis of intermediate, from where lymphostin alkaloid can be developed. Lamellarin D natural product can be easily prepared by the developed strategy.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by Engineering Tungstic Acid@ZIF‐67 Cocatalyst
Authors: Rasheed Saman , Khan Safyan Akram , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Ali Shahid , Younas Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid , Mansha Muhammad , Tufail Muhammad Khurram , Arshad Muhammad , Rehman Aziz ur 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe zeolitic imidazolate frameworks have gained significant attention in various applications owing to their exceptional surface area, customizable porosity, and excellent thermal and chemical stability, making them a remarkable nanomaterial. The present study involved the utilization of ultrasonic‐assisted techniques to integrate tungstic acid into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (TA@ZIF‐67) with the aim of augmenting the photocatalytic activity. The as‐synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analysis to inspect the structural aspects and morphology. The reduction in particle size of TA@ZIF‐67 due to the incorporation of tungstic acid results in a higher surface area, leading to a significant improvement in the photocatalytic activity of ZIF‐67. The assessment of the photocatalytic performance of ZIF‐67 and TA@ZIF‐67 was conducted through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under sunlight. The degradation efficiency of ZIF‐67 and TA@ZIF‐67 was observed to be 61% and 85%, respectively, of the MB solution following a 60 min irradiation period. The investigation of the kinetics study based on rate constant values revealed that the utilization of TA@ZIF‐67 presented a greater efficiency in the removal of MB from an aqueous solution. The results pave a new avenue toward the design of MOF‐based photocatalysts for water treatments.
Activated Carbon Derived from Olive Waste for the Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Dyes
Authors: Mbarek Mohamed , Jedli Hedi , Rabhi Raja , Slimi Khalifa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVarious biomasses have been used as sustainable alternatives in the production of activated carbon for effluent treatment. This study applies Tunisian olive waste as a precursor source for the production of activated carbon (AC), through chemical activation (H3PO4). The AC was characterized through X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and N2 adsorption desorption. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange dyes (MO) onto the AC was investigated under various experimental conditions. The efficiency of removing the MB and MO increases with the addition of contact time and dosage. The optimum pH conditions for MB and MO were 7 and 2 respectively. The maximum adsorptions were achieved at 0.21 g for the two colorants. The adsorption isotherm process fits well with the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 34.3 and 40.5 mg g−1 for MO and MB, respectively. The adsorption kinetics data fitted well with the pseudo‐second‐order model, suggesting the chemisorption process. The obtained results reveal that AC can be used successfully to remove methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of p‐Aminophenol Derivatives Applying In Vivo, Ex Vivo, and In Silico Approach
Authors: Das Ananta Kumar , Islam A. F. M. Mahmudul , Rouf Md. Abdur , Paul Prosenjit , Hassan Md. Jahid , Roy Saurabh , Esha Esrat Jahan , Hossain Md. Selim , Hossain Md. Monir , Hossain Md. Emdad , Saha Koushik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe study aims to synthesize benzamide derivatives of p‐aminophenol (PAP) by reacting with 4‐benzoyl chloride. The reaction of PAP yields four derivatives: P‐1 [N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide], P‐2 [4ˊ‐bromo‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide], P‐3 [4ˊ‐nitro‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide] and P‐4 [3ˊ,5ˊ‐dintro‐N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzamide] and evaluation of biological activity. PAP derivatives hot plate analgesic test produced a significant analgesic effect. The higher analgesic activities were observed at 60 min for all derivatives P‐1, P‐2, P‐3, and P‐4 at 47.65, 48.13, 47.08, and 45.47%, respectively. Derivatives of PAP were also shown to have statistically significant (p < 0.001) analgesic efficacy in the writhing test. The maximum percent inhibition of the writhing by P‐2 (82.11%). In vivo anti‐inflammatory examination confirmed that P‐1, P‐2, and P‐4 prevented carrageenan‐induced rat paw edema for 60–240 min. The toxicity of PAP derivatives P‐1 and P‐4 was lower than paracetamol. Experiments demonstrate that derivatives exhibit less cytotoxicity. The compounds P‐3 and P‐4 inhibited egg and bovine albumin denaturation better at lower dosages in anti‐inflammatory experiments. Molecular docking and ADMET showed that derivatives might inhibit COX‐1 and COX‐2. Also, P‐4 demonstrated the highest binding affinity (−8.2 kcal/mol) for COX‐1 and P‐1 (−8.4 kcal/mol) for COX‐2. According to computational and experimental studies, PAP derivatives may inhibit cyclooxygenase to relieve pain, inflammation, and fever.
Sustainable Food Packaging: Biodegradable Carboxymethyl Cellulose Films Reinforced With Green‐Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles From Pineapple Waste
Authors: Hossain Md. Sanower , Mohd Azhar Nur Iznin Hanis binti , Mohd Azman Nurul Aini binti , Shariffuddin Jun Haslinda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bioplastic shows great promise for sustainable food packaging. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from pineapple waste via green synthesis and incorporated them into CMC to develop enhanced nanocomposite films. Key steps included preparing ZnONP powder and formulating ZnONP‐CMC (ZCMC) (1.0% w/v) solutions for film fabrication. The nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, TGA, and DSC to assess structural integrity and thermal stability. Physical properties showed enhancement, including a thickness of 0.17.05 mm, opacity of 17%, moisture content of 52.38%, and water solubility of 64.52%. The mechanical properties also improved significantly, with a tensile strength of 26.30 MPa and elongation at a break of ∼50%. FTIR and XRD confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO NPs, which improved the crystallinity and structural integrity of the CMC matrix. Notably, the ZCMC nanocomposite exhibited rapid biodegradation within 9 days under soil conditions, highlighting its potential for reducing environmental impact. In conclusion, adding ZnO NPs to CMC films notably improves their physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics, rendering them ideal for food packaging. While the mechanical and biodegradation properties are promising for food packaging applications, future research should focus on evaluating the antimicrobial properties and practical applications of the ZCMC films in food preservation.
Characterizing Microbubble‐Mediated Permeabilization in a Vessel‐on‐a‐Chip Model
Authors: Meijlink Bram , Collado‐Lara Gonzalo , Bishard Kristina , Conboy James P. , Langeveld Simone A.G. , Koenderink Gijsje H. , van der Steen Antonius F. W. , de Jong Nico , Beekers Inés , Trietsch Sebastiaan J. , Kooiman Klazina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrug transport from blood to extravascular tissue can locally be achieved by increasing the vascular permeability through ultrasound‐activated microbubbles. However, the mechanism remains unknown, including whether short and long cycles of ultrasound induce the same onset rate, spatial distribution, and amount of vascular permeability increase. Accurate models are necessary for insights into the mechanism so a microvessel‐on‐a‐chip is developed with a membrane‐free extravascular space. Using these microvessels‐on‐a‐chip, distinct differences between 2 MHz ultrasound treatments are shown with 10 or 1000 cycles. The onset rate is slower for 10 than 1000 cycles, while both cycle lengths increase the permeability in spot‐wise patterns without affecting microvessel viability. Significantly less vascular permeability increase and sonoporation are induced for 10 versus 1000 cycles at 750 kPa (i.e., the highest studied peak negative acoustic pressure (PNP)). The PNP threshold for vascular permeability increases is 750 versus 550 kPa for 10 versus 1000 cycles, while this is 750 versus 220 kPa for sonoporation. Vascular permeability increases do not correlate with αvβ3‐targeted microbubble behavior, while sonoporation correlates with αvβ3‐targeted microbubble clustering. In conclusion, the further mechanistic unraveling of vascular permeability increase by ultrasound‐activated microbubbles in a developed microvessel‐on‐a‐chip model aids the safe and efficient development of microbubble‐mediated drug transport.
3D Printing of Graphene Aerogel Microspheres to Architect High‐Performance Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cheng Yu , Wang Zhanhua , Lavorgna Marino , He Lirong , Xia Hesheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) efficiency is highly dependent on the electrocatalysts microstructure and the macrostructure of the electrodes. Herein, the graphene aerogel microspheres loaded with well‐dispersed ultrafine Ni/Co nanoparticles catalyst is prepared through electro‐spraying, in‐situ crosslinking, freeze‐drying, and pyrolysis, and then is utilized to print the HER electrode via direct ink writing (DIW). The obtained graphene‐based aerogel microspheres possess peculiar cabbage‐like mesoporous structures which allow ready access of reaction species to active sites, optimal mass transfer, and proton diffusion within the microspheres. DIW 3D printing achieves the ordered control on the periodic lattice macro‐geometry and thus facilitates the fast gas bubble evolution and release from the electrode surface. The as‐fabricated 3D electrode possesses a low overpotential of 341 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a decrease by 31.5% compared to 3D printed electrode directly from 2D graphene, and a low Tafel slope of 119.1 mV dec−1, 40% lower than that of the electrodes fabricated via directly casting the aerogel microspheres. Furthermore, the 3D‐printed electrode of aerogel microspheres displays good HER stability. This work provides a good approach for constructing high‐performance HER electrodes through 3D printing of graphene aerogel microspheres.
Dynamic Redeposition Over Bidirectional Amorphous NiFe‐Oxides toward Surface Self‐Healing for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Tingxi , Jing Yike , Yang Yang , Yang Fei , Yi Xuesong , Sun Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe NiFe‐oxy/hydroxides (NiFeOxHy) have emerged as promising candidates for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) but suffer from irreversible metal dissolution to pose a great challenge to long‐term stability. Here, a self‐supported electrode of NiFeOxHy/FeNiOx/SS‐A (substrate‐etched stainless steel, SS‐A; interlayer‐amorphous Fe3Ni1Ox oxide; catalytic layer‐amorphous Ni3Fe1OxHy) is fabricated and presents rare self‐healing property of surface cracks, as well excellent activity and stability. It is found that crack repair is driven by the redeposition of dissolved Fe and Ni ions from the amorphous interlayer involved in the OER process because no similar behavior is observed in Fe‐free and crystalline interlayer‐supported NiFeOxHy. Moreover, the repair performance is dependent on current density and electrolysis time, with 71% of surface cracks being repaired after 72 h operated on an industrial level of 500 mA cm−2. It needs to be emphasized that the irreversible dissolution of Fe and Ni from the catalytic layer of NiFeOxHy still occurs but is effectively suppressed. It is demonstrated that the construction of an amorphous FeNiOx oxide interlayer in self‐supported electrodes plays an important role in improving the stability and is expected to open up an opportunity for the design and develop highly efficient and durable alkaline OER catalytic electrodes.
2D MOF Structure Tuning Atomic Ru Sites for Efficient and Robust Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang De , Zhao Zelin , Chang Ganggang , Guo Wei , Xu Jun , Xiang Yinyu , Li Junrui , Li Junsheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping cost‐effective ruthenium (Ru)‐based HER electrocatalysts as alternatives to commercial Pt/C is crucial for the advancement of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). However, the strong hydrogen adsorption of Ru‐based catalysts restricts its activity. Herein, a strategy is reported to tune the electronic structure and improve mass transfer by implanting Ru atoms onto the (002) facet of two‐dimensional zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (Ru@LZIF(002)) to optimize the d‐band center (εd) of Ru and the hydrogen spillover behavior. Benefiting from the ultrathin nanosheet structure and optimized εd of Ru, the over‐strong H adsorption energy is weakened and the electron/mass transfer is facilitated. Ru@LZIF(002) exhibits an overpotential of 9.2 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a long‐lasting stability of 35 days at 100 mA cm−2. The mass activity and price activity of Ru@LZIF(002) is 2.9 and 14.7 times higher than Pt/C, respectively. More impressively, Ru@LZIF(002) delivers a cell voltage of 2.01 V at a high current density of 4 A cm−2 in PEMWE. The excellent long‐term durability of 1200 hours operating at 4 A cm−2 with an ultralow decay rate of 7.5 × 10−3 mV h−1 has been achieved, making it promising as a cost‐effective alternative to Pt/C catalyst for PEMWE applications.
Ligand Circuit Concept for Developing Gas Separation Materials from Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tran Natalie , Wang Wei , Chen Yichong , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIsoreticular chemistry is among the most powerful strategies for designing novel materials with optimizable pore geometry and properties. Of great significance to the further advance of isoreticular chemistry is the development of broadly applicable new concepts capable of guiding and systematizing the ligand‐family expansion as well as establishing correlations between dissimilar and seemingly uncorrelated ligands for better predictive synthetic design and more insightful structure and property analysis. Here ligand circuit concept is proposed and its use has been demonstrated for the synthesis of a family of highly stable, high‐performance pore‐space‐partitioned materials based on an acyclic ligand, trans, trans‐muconic acid. This work represents a key step toward developing highly porous and highly stable pore‐space‐partitioned materials from acyclic ligands. The new materials exhibit excellent sorption properties such as high uptake capacity for CO2 (81.3 cm3 g−1) and C2H2 (165.4 cm3 g−1) by CPM‐7.3a‐NiV. CPM‐7.3a‐CoV shows C2H6‐selective C2H6/C2H4 separation properties and its high uptakes for C2H4 (134.0 cm3 g−1) and C2H6 (148.0 cm3 g−1) at 1 bar and 298 K contribute to the separation potential of 1.35 mmol g−1. The multi‐cycle breakthrough experiment confirms the promising separation performance for C2H2/CO2.
Deep Learning‐Based Community Detection Attack: Arctic Shipping Data as a Case
Authors: Li Changrong , Duan Wei , Li Zhenfu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores advanced methods for community discovery attacks in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) using deep learning techniques. It begins with a comprehensive analysis of VANET characteristics, classifications, routing protocols, and topological structures, followed by an exploration of deep learning applications in network community detection attacks, focusing on state‐of‐the‐art algorithms and evaluation metrics. The core contribution is a novel community discovery attack method for VANETs that integrates graph convolutional neural networks with multi‐head and bidirectional attention mechanisms. The proposed approach is rigorously evaluated through extensive experimentation and in‐depth analysis of results. The study concludes with a critical summary of findings and outlines promising future research directions, aiming to provide innovative strategies for enhancing community discovery attacks in vehicular networks. This research has potential implications for improving communication efficiency, resource allocation, and performance in VANET environments.