bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. treatment as usual in adults with ADHD: a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Janssen Lotte , Kan Cornelis C. , Carpentier Pieter J. , Sizoo Bram , Hepark Sevket , Schellekens Melanie P.J. , Donders A. Rogier T. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Speckens Anne E.M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high need for evidence-based psychosocial treatments for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to offer alongside treatment as usual (TAU). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a promising psychosocial treatment. This trial investigated the efficacy of MBCT + TAU v. TAU in reducing core symptoms in adults with ADHD.MethodsA multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02463396). Participants were randomly assigned to MBCT + TAU (n = 60), an 8-weekly group therapy including meditation exercises, psychoeducation and group discussions, or TAU only (n = 60), which reflected usual treatment in the Netherlands and included pharmacotherapy and/or psychoeducation. Primary outcome was ADHD symptoms rated by blinded clinicians. Secondary outcomes included self-reported ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, mindfulness skills, self-compassion, positive mental health and general functioning. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, 3- and 6-month follow-up. Post-treatment effects at group and individual level, and follow-up effects were examined.ResultsIn MBCT + TAU patients, a significant reduction of clinician-rated ADHD symptoms was found at post-treatment [M difference = −3.44 (−5.75, −1.11), p = 0.004, d = 0.41]. This effect was maintained until 6-month follow-up. More MBCT + TAU (27%) than TAU participants (4%) showed a ⩽30% reduction of ADHD symptoms (p = 0.001). MBCT + TAU patients compared with TAU patients also reported significant improvements in ADHD symptoms, mindfulness skills, self-compassion and positive mental health at post-treatment, which were maintained until 6-month follow-up. Although patients in MBCT + TAU compared with TAU reported no improvement in executive functioning at post-treatment, they did report improvement at 6-month follow-up.ConclusionsMBCT might be a valuable treatment option alongside TAU for adult ADHD aimed at alleviating symptoms.
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor: a comprehensive updated review of the literature and case report
Authors: Truschnegg Astrid , Acham Stephan , Kqiku Lumnije , Jakse Norbert , Beham Alfred 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrompted by a unique case of an ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumor (ECT) of the palate in a 54-year-old female, we reviewed the English and German literature on this entity until the end of 2016 using PubMed. The search produced 74 lingual cases with a nearly equal sex distribution and a mean age of 39.3 years, and two extra-lingual cases sharing histological and immunohistological features including nodular growth, round, fusiform or spindle-shaped cellular architecture, and chondromyxoid stroma. Immunophenotyping showed the majority of cases to be positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, glycoprotein CD57, pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and smooth muscle actin (SMA); in isolated cases there was molecular-genetic rearrangement or gain of Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) but no rearrangement of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). At present, ectomesenchymal cells that migrate from the neural crest are considered to play a pivotal role in tumor origin. All cases had a benign course, although there were three recurrences. Because of the rarity of this tumor and the need for differential diagnostic differentiation from myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma, both oral surgeons and pathologists should be aware of this entity.
Mitofusin 2: from functions to disease
Authors: Filadi Riccardo , Pendin Diana , Pizzo Paola 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose functions are essential for cell viability. Within the cell, the mitochondrial network is continuously remodeled through the balance between fusion and fission events. Moreover, it dynamically contacts other organelles, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum, with which it enterprises an important functional relationship able to modulate several cellular pathways. Being mitochondria key bioenergetics organelles, they have to be transported to all the specific high-energy demanding sites within the cell and, when damaged, they have to be efficiently removed. Among other proteins, Mitofusin 2 represents a key player in all these mitochondrial activities (fusion, trafficking, turnover, contacts with other organelles), the balance of which results in the appropriate mitochondrial shape, function, and distribution within the cell. Here we review the structural and functional properties of Mitofusin 2, highlighting its crucial role in several cell pathways, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiomyopathies, and cancer.
The role of confined collagen geometry in decreasing nucleation energy barriers to intrafibrillar mineralization
Authors: Kim Doyoon , Lee Byeongdu , Thomopoulos Stavros , Jun Young-Shin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMineralization of collagen is critical for the mechanical functions of bones and teeth. Calcium phosphate nucleation in collagenous structures follows distinctly different patterns in highly confined gap regions (nanoscale confinement) than in less confined extrafibrillar spaces (microscale confinement). Although the mechanism(s) driving these differences are still largely unknown, differences in the free energy for nucleation may explain these two mineralization behaviors. Here, we report on experimentally obtained nucleation energy barriers to intra- and extrafibrillar mineralization, using in situ X-ray scattering observations and classical nucleation theory. Polyaspartic acid, an extrafibrillar nucleation inhibitor, increases interfacial energies between nuclei and mineralization fluids. In contrast, the confined gap spaces inside collagen fibrils lower the energy barrier by reducing the reactive surface area of nuclei, decreasing the surface energy penalty. The confined gap geometry, therefore, guides the two-dimensional morphology and structure of bioapatite and changes the nucleation pathway by reducing the total energy barrier.
Asynchrony between Antarctic temperature and CO2 associated with obliquity over the past 720,000 years
Authors: Uemura Ryu , Motoyama Hideaki , Masson-Delmotte Valérie , Jouzel Jean , Kawamura Kenji , Goto-Azuma Kumiko , Fujita Shuji , Kuramoto Takayuki , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Miyake Takayuki , Ohno Hiroshi , Fujita Koji , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Iizuka Yoshinori , Horikawa Shinichiro , Igarashi Makoto , Suzuki Keisuke , Suzuki Toshitaka , Fujii Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe δD temperature proxy in Antarctic ice cores varies in parallel with CO2 through glacial cycles. However, these variables display a puzzling asynchrony. Well-dated records of Southern Ocean temperature will provide crucial information because the Southern Ocean is likely key in regulating CO2 variations. Here, we perform multiple isotopic analyses on an Antarctic ice core and estimate temperature variations at this site and in the oceanic moisture source over the past 720,000 years, which extend the longest records by 300,000 years. Antarctic temperature is affected by large variations in local insolation that are induced by obliquity. At the obliquity periodicity, the Antarctic and ocean temperatures lag annual mean insolation. Further, the magnitude of the phase lag is minimal during low eccentricity periods, suggesting that secular changes in the global carbon cycle and the ocean circulation modulate the phase relationship among temperatures, CO2 and insolation in the obliquity frequency band.
Herbivorous turtle ants obtain essential nutrients from a conserved nitrogen-recycling gut microbiome
Authors: Hu Yi , Sanders Jon G. , Łukasik Piotr , D’Amelio Catherine L. , Millar John S. , Vann David R. , Lan Yemin , Newton Justin A. , Schotanus Mark , Kronauer Daniel J. C. , Pierce Naomi E. , Moreau Corrie S. , Wertz John T. , Engel Philipp , Russell Jacob A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNitrogen acquisition is a major challenge for herbivorous animals, and the repeated origins of herbivory across the ants have raised expectations that nutritional symbionts have shaped their diversification. Direct evidence for N provisioning by internally housed symbionts is rare in animals; among the ants, it has been documented for just one lineage. In this study we dissect functional contributions by bacteria from a conserved, multi-partite gut symbiosis in herbivorous Cephalotes ants through in vivo experiments, metagenomics, and in vitro assays. Gut bacteria recycle urea, and likely uric acid, using recycled N to synthesize essential amino acids that are acquired by hosts in substantial quantities. Specialized core symbionts of 17 studied Cephalotes species encode the pathways directing these activities, and several recycle N in vitro. These findings point to a highly efficient N economy, and a nutritional mutualism preserved for millions of years through the derived behaviors and gut anatomy of Cephalotes ants.
Identification of single amino acid differences in uniformly charged homopolymeric peptides with aerolysin nanopore
Authors: Piguet Fabien , Ouldali Hadjer , Pastoriza-Gallego Manuela , Manivet Philippe , Pelta Juan , Oukhaled Abdelghani 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere are still unmet needs in finding new technologies for biomedical diagnostic and industrial applications. A technology allowing the analysis of size and sequence of short peptide molecules of only few molecular copies is still challenging. The fast, low-cost and label-free single-molecule nanopore technology could be an alternative for addressing these critical issues. Here, we demonstrate that the wild-type aerolysin nanopore enables the size-discrimination of several short uniformly charged homopeptides, mixed in solution, with a single amino acid resolution. Our system is very sensitive, allowing detecting and characterizing a few dozens of peptide impurities in a high purity commercial peptide sample, while conventional analysis techniques fail to do so.
Decapping protein EDC4 regulates DNA repair and phenocopies BRCA1
Authors: Hernández Gonzalo , Ramírez María José , Minguillón Jordi , Quiles Paco , Ruiz de Garibay Gorka , Aza-Carmona Miriam , Bogliolo Massimo , Pujol Roser , Prados-Carvajal Rosario , Fernández Juana , García Nadia , López Adrià , Gutiérrez-Enríquez Sara , Diez Orland , Benítez Javier , Salinas Mónica , Teulé Alex , Brunet Joan , Radice Paolo , Peterlongo Paolo , Schindler Detlev , Huertas Pablo , Puente Xose S , Lázaro Conxi , Pujana Miquel Àngel , Surrallés Jordi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBRCA1 is a tumor suppressor that regulates DNA repair by homologous recombination. Germline mutations in BRCA1 are associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer and BRCA1 deficient tumors are exquisitely sensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Therefore, uncovering additional components of this DNA repair pathway is of extreme importance for further understanding cancer development and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, we identify EDC4, a known component of processing-bodies and regulator of mRNA decapping, as a member of the BRCA1-BRIP1-TOPBP1 complex. EDC4 plays a key role in homologous recombination by stimulating end resection at double-strand breaks. EDC4 deficiency leads to genome instability and hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand cross-linking drugs and PARP inhibitors. Lack-of-function mutations in EDC4 were detected in BRCA1/2-mutation-negative breast cancer cases, suggesting a role in breast cancer susceptibility. Collectively, this study recognizes EDC4 with a dual role in decapping and DNA repair whose inactivation phenocopies BRCA1 deficiency.
Interplay between conformational selection and zymogen activation
Authors: Chakraborty Pradipta , Acquasaliente Laura , Pelc Leslie A. , Di Cera Enrico 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTrypsin-like proteases are synthesized as zymogens and activated through a mechanism that folds the active site for efficient binding and catalysis. Ligand binding to the active site is therefore a valuable source of information on the changes that accompany zymogen activation. Using the physiologically relevant transition of the clotting zymogen prothrombin to the mature protease thrombin, we show that the mechanism of ligand recognition follows selection within a pre-existing ensemble of conformations with the active site accessible (E) or inaccessible (E*) to binding. Prothrombin exists mainly in the E* conformational ensemble and conversion to thrombin produces two dominant changes: a progressive shift toward the E conformational ensemble triggered by removal of the auxiliary domains upon cleavage at R271 and a drastic drop of the rate of ligand dissociation from the active site triggered by cleavage at R320. Together, these effects produce a significant (700-fold) increase in binding affinity. Limited proteolysis reveals how the E*-E equilibrium shifts during prothrombin activation and influences exposure of the sites of cleavage at R271 and R320. These new findings on the molecular underpinnings of prothrombin activation are relevant to other zymogens with modular assembly involved in blood coagulation, complement and fibrinolysis.
A global mismatch in the protection of multiple marine biodiversity components and ecosystem services
Authors: Lindegren Martin , Holt Ben G. , MacKenzie Brian R. , Rahbek Carsten 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe global loss of biodiversity threatens unique biota and the functioning and services of ecosystems essential for human wellbeing. To safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services, designating protected areas is crucial; yet the extent to which the existing placement of protection is aligned to meet these conservation priorities is questionable, especially in the oceans. Here we investigate and compare global patterns of multiple biodiversity components (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional), ecosystem services and human impacts, with the coverage of marine protected areas across a nested spatial scale. We demonstrate a pronounced spatial mismatch between the existing degree of protection and all the conservation priorities above, highlighting that neither the world’s most diverse, nor the most productive ecosystems are currently the most protected ecosystems. Furthermore, we show that global patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem services and human impacts are poorly correlated, hence complicating the identification of generally applicable spatial prioritization schemes. However, a hypothetical “consensus approach” would have been able to address all these conservation priorities far more effectively than the existing degree of protection, which at best is only marginally better than a random expectation. Therefore, a holistic perspective is needed when designating an appropriate degree of protection of marine conservation priorities worldwide.
Development of Velopharyngeal Closure for Vocalization During the First 2 Years of Life
Authors: Bunton Kate , Hoit Jeannette D. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The vocalizations of young infants often sound nasalized, suggesting that the velopharynx is open during the 1st few months of life. Whereas acoustic and perceptual studies seemed to support the idea that the velopharynx closes for vocalization by about 4 months of age, an aeromechanical study contradicted this (Thom, Hoit, Hixon, & Smith, 2006). Thus, the current large-scale investigation was undertaken to determine when the velopharynx closes for speech production by following infants during their first 2 years of life.

Method
This longitudinal study used nasal ram pressure to determine the status of the velopharynx (open or closed) during spontaneous speech production in 92 participants (46 male, 46 female) studied monthly from age 4 to 24 months.

Results
The velopharynx was closed during at least 90% of the utterances by 19 months, though there was substantial variability across participants. When considered by sound category, the velopharynx was closed from most to least often during production of oral obstruents, approximants, vowels (only), and glottal obstruents. No sex effects were observed.

Conclusion
Velopharyngeal closure for spontaneous speech production can be considered complete by 19 months, but closure occurs earlier for speech sounds with higher oral pressure demands.
High‐speed mobile memory I/O interface using multi‐modulation signalling
Authors: Yu Y. , Byun G.‐S. 
Published: February 2018

The proposed multi‐band multi‐modulation I/O (MMI) for mobile memory interface consists of two RF‐band and 4‐PAM (pulse‐amplitude modulation) transceivers for simultaneous bidirectional read/write operations on a shared single‐ended 5 cm off‐chip transmission line. A novel band‐selective transformer is introduced to combine and split two amplitude shift keying modulated RF‐bands with a 4‐PAM baseband for transmitting and receiving multiple data concurrently. The MMI interface consumes 2.8 pJ/b from a 1.2 V supply voltage. Testing results show that the MMI interface achieves an overall data rate of 14 Gb/s/pin. It is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process with chip area of 0.25 mm2.
Shrinking core model of demineralization of chitin isolation from shrimp shell
Authors: Fadli Ahmad , Maulana Subkhan , Drastinawati  
Published: February 2018

Chitin is a naturally abundant polymer and most of it was used as a surfactant and cosmetic raw materials. Chitin be able to derive from natural sources like shrimp shell waste. The aim of this research was to study the kinetic model of chitin demineralization with approach to shrinking core model (SCM) with variation of hydrochloric acid concentration. There models were used: Fluid Film Layer Diffusion, Ash Layer Diffusion and Chemical Reaction. It was began with deproteination at first with NaOH 3,5 % and continued with demineralization using hydrochloric acid at concentration 0,3 N; 0,6 N; 0,9 N and 1,2 N with variation of reaction time at 15, 30 and 15 minute. The calcium content in the product was analyzed after it was dried in the air oven. The results showed calcium concentration decrease along with increasing of hydrochloric acid concentration. It get kinetic model at concentration 0,3 N of hydrochloric acid usage with form:
[see formula in PDF]
with the highest value of R2 is 0,9555 and the smallest percentage error is 5,92%. Meanwhile with usage of hydrochloric acid at concentration 0,6 N; 0,9 N and 1,2 N were get kinetic model with form:
[see formula in PDF]
with the highest value of R2 is 0,9794.
Comprehensive HPTLC Fingerprinting for Quality Control of an Herbal Drug – The Case of Angelica gigas Root
Authors: Frommenwiler Débora , Kim Jonghwan , Yook Chang-Soo , Tran Thi , Cañigueral Salvador , Reich Eike 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe quality of herbal drugs is usually controlled using several tests recommended in a monograph. HPTLC is the method of choice for identification in many pharmacopoeias. If combined with a suitable reference material for comparison, HPTLC can provide information beyond identification and thus may simplify quality control. This paper describes, as a proof of concept, how HPTLC can be applied to define specifications for an herbal reference material and to control the quality of an herbal drug according to these specifications. Based on multiple batches of cultivated Angelica gigas root, a specific HPTLC method for identification was optimized. This method can distinguish 27 related species. It also can detect the presence of mixtures of A. gigas with two other Angelica species traded as “Dang gui” and is suitable as well for quantitative assessment of samples in a test for minimum content of the sum of decursin and decursinol angelate. The new concept of “comprehensive HPTLC fingerprinting” is proposed: HPTLC fingerprints (images), which are used for identification, are converted into peak profiles and the intensities of selected zones are quantitatively compared to those of the corresponding zones of the reference material. Following a collaborative trial involving three laboratories in three countries, the method was applied to check the quality of further candidates for establishing an appropriate reference material. In conclusion, this case demonstrates that a single HPTLC analysis can provide information about identity, purity, and minimum content of markers of an herbal drug.
Resection of a Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma by Combined Modified Orbital Craniotomy and Transnasal Endoscopic Techniques
Authors: Patel Nirav , Dunn Ian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA 20-year-old patient presented with hydrocephalus but intact vision and hormone function. The MRI showed a large seller, suprasellar and third ventricular mass. We chose a combined approach utilizing the translyvian, lamina terminals route, with a possible interhemispheric approach. But, we also utilized a transnasal endoscopic approach for the tumor that remained below the diaphragma sellae. The patient did well, with complete tumor resection via a staged approach, but did require hormone replacement.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/yzpfOxzI4cQ.
Embryonic Stem Cells and Infertility
Authors: Kazemirad Nastaran , Lorzadeh Nahid 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the ability to differentiate into several cell lineages and self-renew. Through a spontaneous process, ESCs can differentiate into germ cells of various stages, partly due to their self-renewal ability and their microenvironment culture. Human and mouse ESC differentiation into putative primordial germ cells (PGCs) has been demonstrated by several studies; in fact, derivation of functional mouse male gametes has also been reported. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are yet to be understood properly, and as such clinical applications of ESC-derived PGC remains controversial. Nonetheless, this technique can still serve as a potential treatment option for infertility. This review centers on the available reports on the possible application of ESC for infertility treatment.