bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pensamiento computacional: una nueva exigencia para la educación del siglo XXI
Authors: Soria Valencia Edith , Rivero Panaqué Carol 
Published: May 2019

En el actual siglo XXI, se requiere de ciudadanos preparados para enfrentar profundos cambios y retos, especialmente, en la vida y el trabajo. De esta manera, para una adecuada toma de decisiones en el mundo de hoy, complejo y cambiante, se necesitan desarrollar diferentes habilidades en las personas que les permitan desenvolverse adecuadamente. Por ello, la educación debe ser un pilar fundamental en la construcción de esta sociedad mediante la promoción de habilidades, como por ejemplo aquellas relacionadas al pensamiento computacional, considerando el pensamiento crítico y en donde se pueda descomponer un problema, procesar datos, crear procedimientos y generalizarlos. Por lo tanto, a través de este estudio, se reflexionará sobre la importancia del pensamiento computacional y se analizará sus aproximaciones conceptuales. Así también, se considerarán los elementos que lo componen y finalmente, se revisarán algunas experiencias de interés sobre la enseñanza del lenguaje de programación y pensamiento computacional.
Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism and other Complications after Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With a History of Prostate or Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Dennis Q. , Montgomery Samuel R. , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:
As cancer treatments continue to improve the overall survival rates, more patients with a history of cancer will present for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Therefore, it is essential for orthopaedic surgeons to understand the differences in care required by this growing subpopulation. Although the current research suggests that good outcomes can be predicted when appropriately optimized patients with cancer undergo lower extremity total joint arthroplasty, similar studies for TSA are lacking. The primary study question was to examine whether a history of cancer was associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after TSA. Secondarily, we sought to examine any association between a history of prostate and breast cancer and surgical or medical complications after TSA.

Methods:
Using a national insurance database, male patients with a history of prostate cancer and female patients with a history of breast cancer undergoing anatomic TSA for primary osteoarthritis were identified and compared with control subjects matched 3:1 based on age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use. Patients with a history of VTE and patients who underwent reverse TSA or hemiarthroplasty were excluded.

Results:
Female patients with a history of breast cancer and male patients with a history of prostate cancer undergoing TSA had significantly higher incidences of acute VTE (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) compared with matched control subjects (female patients: odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.81; P = 0.024 and male patients: odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.79; P = 0.023). No significant differences were noted in the incidences of any other complications assessed.

Conclusion:
Although a personal history of these malignancies does represent a statistically significant risk factor for acute VTE after anatomic TSA, the overall VTE rate remains modest and acceptable. The rates of other surgical and medical complications are not significantly increased in patients with a history of these cancers after TSA compared with control subjects.
Sieci współpracy i samokształcenia nauczycieli – pozory zmiany czy przestrzeń możliwości rozwoju kultury szkoły i jej uczestników
Authors: Filipiak Ewa 
Published: May 2019

Setting up cooperation and teachers’ self-education networking has been determined by a top-down regulation of the Minister of Education. It seems that in the course of implementation activities, legislative and administrative interventions related to this recommendation, one has lost the thinking of the nature and special characteristics of this type of learning and knowledge. The article analyses the special features of the collective learning process, and presents the fundamental theories constituting the interpretive and paradigmatic framework for the learning interpreted in such a way: Lev S.Vygotski’s cultural-historical theory, Jerome S. Bruner’s socio-cultural theory, Yrjö Engeström’s expansive learning theory and learning by expanding, Jack Mezirow’s transformative learning, Etienne Wenger’s situated learning theory and Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger’s community of practice concept, a participant of “teaching conversation”, the specific tools and strategies necessary to equip the cognitive box with teachers’ tools, have been selected and characterised. An example of a network of learning professionals is shown. In conclusion, one highlights the apparent activities of the created networks, projecting a certain understanding and instrumental understanding of the practice on practitioners, which hinders Bruner’’s challenge of transforming the school into a culture of learning communities.
Electronic band structures of group-V two-dimensional materials
Authors: Namari Nuning Anugrah Putri , Saito Mineo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We systematically study the electronic properties of two-dimensional group-V materials, i.e. phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene. The density functional calculations are performed using generalized gradient approximation. We first clarify that the α structure is the most stable in the cases of phosphorene and bismuthene and the β structure is the most stable in the cases of arsenene and antimonene. We next analyze the band structures based on group theory. As a result, we find that all the bands are doubly degenerated at the boundaries of the first Brillouin zone in the α structures and the degeneracies are due to the symmetry of the materials. The band gaps of the β structures are found to be larger than those of the α structures. This tendency in the band gaps is explained based on the fact that the band gap increases as the sp hybridization becomes large. We find that buckling occurs in the α structures of antimonene and bismuthene due to the electron transfer from the higher atom to the lower atom.
Plant diversity is closely related to the density of zokor mounds in three alpine rangelands on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Niu Yujie , Zhou Jianwei , Yang Siwei , Chu Bin , Zhu Huimin , Zhang Bo , Fang Qiangen , Tang Zhuangsheng , Hua Limin 
Published: May 2019

Background
Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) is a subterranean rodent endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. This species has been generally viewed as a pest in China due to the competition for food with livestock and also causing soil erosion. As a result, plateau zokor has been the target of widespread poisoning or trapping campaigns designed to control or eliminate it since 1970s. But there is little research on the effect of plateau zokor on plant diversity in alpine rangelands. Therefore, objectively evaluating the positive effects of the plateau zokors disturbance on their living environment and plant communities is of great significance to understand the function of plateau zokor in alpine ecosystem.

Methods
Here, we selected three rangelands (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine shrub meadow) in which plateau zokors are typically distributed on the Tibetan Plateau, and five zokor mound density gradients were selected in each rangeland type to study the effects of the mounds on soil moisture and temperature related to plant species diversity.

Results
The results showed that, with the mound density increasing, the soil temperature decreased significantly in all three rangeland types, and the soil moisture significantly increased in all three rangeland types. In the alpine meadow, both the plant diversity and cumulative species richness increased significantly with increasing mound density. The increase in broad-leaved forbs is the main reason for the increase of plant diversity in the alpine meadow disturbed by zokor mounds. In the alpine steppe, the plant diversity decreased significantly with increasing mound density, while the cumulative species richness initially decreased and then increased. In the alpine shrub meadow, the plant diversity first increased and then decreased with increasing mound density as did the cumulative species richness. In conclusion, plateau zokor mounds dominated the distribution of soil moisture and temperature and significantly affected plant diversity in these three rangelands on Tibetan Plateau; the results further deepen our understanding toward a co-evolved process.
Automated pupillometry to detect command following in neurological patients: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Vassilieva Alexandra , Olsen Markus Harboe , Peinkhofer Costanza , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Kondziella Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Background
Levels of consciousness in patients with acute and chronic brain injury are notoriously underestimated. Paradigms based on electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may detect covert consciousness in clinically unresponsive patients but are subject to logistical challenges and the need for advanced statistical analysis.

Methods
To assess the feasibility of automated pupillometry for the detection of command following, we enrolled 20 healthy volunteers and 48 patients with a wide range of neurological disorders, including seven patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), who were asked to engage in mental arithmetic.

Results
Fourteen of 20 (70%) healthy volunteers and 17 of 43 (39.5%) neurological patients, including 1 in the ICU, fulfilled prespecified criteria for command following by showing pupillary dilations during ≥4 of five arithmetic tasks. None of the five sedated and unconscious ICU patients passed this threshold.

Conclusions
Automated pupillometry combined with mental arithmetic appears to be a promising paradigm for the detection of covert consciousness in people with brain injury. We plan to build on this study by focusing on non-communicating ICU patients in whom the level of consciousness is unknown. If some of these patients show reproducible pupillary dilation during mental arithmetic, this would suggest that the present paradigm can reveal covert consciousness in unresponsive patients in whom standard investigations have failed to detect signs of consciousness.
Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence via J‐Aggregates with Strong Intermolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Xue Jie , Liang Qingxin , Wang Rui , Hou Jiayue , Li Wenqiang , Peng Qian , Shuai Zhigang , Qiao Juan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of high‐efficiency and low‐cost organic emissive materials and devices is intrinsically limited by the energy‐gap law and spin statistics, especially in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. A novel design strategy is reported for realizing highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials via J‐aggregates with strong intermolecular charge transfer (CT). Two organic donor–acceptor molecules with strong and planar acceptor are designed and synthesized, which can readily form J‐aggregates with strong intermolecular CT in solid states and exhibit wide‐tuning emissions from yellow to NIR. Experimental and theoretical investigations expose that the formation of such J‐aggregates mixes Frenkel excitons and CT excitons, which not only contributes to a fast radiative decay rate and a slow nonradiative decay rate for achieving nearly unity photoluminescence efficiency in solid films, but significantly decreases the energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (≈0.3 eV) to induce high‐efficiency TADF even in the NIR region. These organic light‐emitting diodes exhibit external quantum efficiencies of 15.8% for red emission and 14.1% for NIR emission, which represent the best result for NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on TADF materials. These findings open a new avenue for the development of high‐efficiency organic emissive materials and devices based on molecular aggregates.
Asymmetrical selection maintains heritable phenotypic variation between two subspecies of Monardella villosa
Authors: Crow Taylor M. , Yost Jenn M. , Huang Michelle S. , Ritter Matthew K. 
Published: May 2019

PremiseMonardella villosa is an evolutionarily young species complex distributed across a large geographic range. Our goal was to determine whether the phenotypic difference between two subspecies of M. villosa was heritable and whether the alternative phenotypes were adaptive to their respective local habitats.MethodsWe collected seeds from 25 populations of M. villosa, 14 from subspecies franciscana, which grows closer to the coast, and 11 from subspecies villosa, which has a larger and more inland geographic distribution. We reciprocally transplanted the two subspecies into their respective habitats and compared plant germination, post‐emergence survival, and growth. We used linear mixed models to quantify the effects of genotype and environment to determine whether subspecies were locally adapted and whether leaf traits that distinguish these subspecies were genetically based.ResultsPlants of both subspecies grown at the coastal site had significantly lower survival and biomass than the inland site. The subspecies were not locally adapted; however, the coastal subspecies franciscana did have a home site advantage. We also found that distinctive leaf morphological traits were genetically based, with high broad‐sense heritability of traits.ConclusionsThe two subspecies of Monardella villosa were not locally adapted to their respective habitat, but rather we found that selection for local genotypes may be stronger at the coastal site. Despite the lack of evidence for local adaptation in the strict sense, the subspecies had heritable variation in several leaf phenotypes, indicating that heterogeneous selection imposes an adaptive trade‐off for leaf trichome production within this species.
Web‐based Assessment of Social–Emotional Skills in School‐Aged Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Russo‐Ponsaran Nicole M. , Lerner Matthew D. , McKown Clark , Weber Rebecca J. , Karls Ashley , Kang Erin , Sommer Samantha L. 
Published: May 2019

Few tools are available to comprehensively describe the unique social–emotional skill profiles of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study describes the usability, reliability, and validity of SELweb, a normed, web‐based assessment designed to measure four core social–emotional domains, when used to measure these skills in a sample of 57 well‐characterized youth with ASD (ages 6–10 years with IQ ≥ 80). SELweb measures facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, social problem solving, and self‐control. SELweb was well tolerated and yielded scores with reliabilities comparable to those found in normative samples. SELweb scores showed good evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for three of the four skills it was designed to assess. Mean deficits were found for theory of mind, social problem solving, and self‐control, whereas no mean deficits were found for emotion recognition. Individual profiles varied considerably, suggesting the sensitivity of SELweb to the within‐ and between‐person individual differences among youth with ASD. Findings support the usefulness and accessibility of SELweb as a tool for measuring complex social–emotional skill profiles in youth with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1260–1271. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryNo single, simple, high‐quality test exists that measures multiple social thinking skills directly in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study suggests that SELweb, a web‐based assessment system, is an effective and valid way to measure how children with ASD think about and understand social and emotional information, and is able to capture strengths and weaknesses experienced by children with ASD.
Recent Progress in Polysulfide Redox‐Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Sanpei , Guo Wenjuan , Yang Fengchang , Zheng Panni , Qiao Rui , Li Zheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHarvesting energy from intermittent and unstable renewable sources yet producing massive and stable output require large‐scale energy storage systems. Redox‐flow batteries have attracted extensive attention because of their flexibility and scalability and are promising large‐scale energy storage systems for electrical grids. As an emerging member of the redox‐flow battery family, polysulfide flow batteries exhibit a relatively high energy density with ultralow chemical cost of the redox active materials. The special solution chemistry and complex conversions between sulfur and polysulfides with long and short chains lead to various system design schemes and complicated reaction mechanisms. Here, we present a review of various polysulfide flow battery systems developed to date and their underlying reaction mechanism and offer our perspective for their future development.
New 4,5‐seco‐20(10→5)‐abeo‐Abietane Diterpenoids with Anti‐Inflammatory Activity from Isodon lophanthoides var. graciliflorus (Benth.) H.Hara
Authors: Chen Wen‐Fei , Wong Lai‐Lai , Zhang Xuan , Zhou Feng‐Xu , Xia Fan , Tang Li‐Ping , Li Xian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThree new 4,5‐seco‐20(10→5)‐abeo‐abietane diterpenoids, 16‐hydroxysalvilenone (1), 15‐hydroxysalprionin (2), and 11β,15‐dihydroxysalprionin‐12‐one (3), and nine known abietane diterpenoids, 4–12, along with one known sempervirane diterpenoid, hispidanol A (13), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon lophanthoides var. graciliflorus. The structures of compounds 1–3 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods including extensive analysis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. All diterpenoids were tested for their TNF‐α inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Compound 9 (16‐acetoxyhorminone) was the most potent with an IC50 value of 3.97±0.70 μm.
Models Facilitating the Design of a New Metal‐Organic Framework Catalyst for the Selective Decomposition of Formic Acid into Hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: O'Hair Richard A. J. , Mravak Antonija , Krstić Marjan , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere we describe a new conceptual approach for the design of a heterogeneous metal‐organic framework (MOF) catalyst based on UiO‐67 for the selective decarboxylation of formic acid, a reaction with important applications in hydrogen storage andin situgeneration of H2. Models for the {CuH} reactive catalytic site at the organic linker are assessed. In the first model system, gas‐phase mass spectrometry experiments and DFT calculations on a fixed charge bathophen ligated copper hydride complex, [(phen*)Cu(H)]2−, were used to demonstrate that it acts as a catalyst for the selective decomposition of formic acid into H2and CO2via a two‐step catalytic cycle. In the first step liberation of H2to form the carboxylate complex, [(phen*)Cu(O2CH)]2−occurs, which in the second step selectively decomposes via CO2extrusion to regenerate the hydride complex. DFT calculations on four other model systems showed that changing the catalyst to neutral [(LCu(H)] complexes or embedding it within a MOF results in mechanisms which are essentially identical. Thus catalytic active sites located on the organic linker of a MOF appear to be close to a gas‐phase environment, thereby benefitting from the favorable characteristics of gas‐phase reactions and validating the use of gas‐phase models to design new MOF based catalysts.
The Holy Grail in Platinum‐Free Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Molybdenum‐Based Catalysts and Recent Advances
Authors: Zhuang Zechao , Huang Jiazhao , Li Yong , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting towards hydrogen production is of significance for our sustainable development in the future. Although platinum‐group catalysts possess the highest activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), their scarcity renders potential applications commercially inviable and thus many efforts are constantly devoted into this arena. Over the last decade, various molybdenum‐based catalysts, covering, for example, sulfides, carbides, phosphides, borides, nitrides and alloys, have been found to be very active, and are rapidly becoming popular. In this Review, we comprehensively summarize this topic of emerging Mo‐based catalysts for HER by stating and discussing their catalytic mechanisms, synthesis methods, optimization tactics, and promise to outbalance platinum‐based systems. We use typical examples from recent advances of various Mo‐based catalysts to elaborate their merits and shortcomings for HER, as well as how to further optimize their activities, varying from surface area maximization and active site exposure to electron/atom/molecule/phase‐level manipulation, and to external field‐assisted activity enhancement. We also propose various challenges and perspectives for these emerging Mo‐based catalysts and discuss how these challenges might be addressed.
Electrochemical Degradation of Reactive Blue 19 Dye by Combining Boron‐Doped Diamond and Reticulated Vitreous Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Vasconcelos Vanessa M. , Ponce‐de‐León Carlos , Rosiwal Stefan M. , Lanza Marcos R. V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReactive Blue 19 (RB‐19) dye has a low fixation efficiency, a long half‐life and high toxicity. It is easily loss during the cleaning of textiles and can remain in the environment for a long time, causing serious environmental problems if not removed. This study reports the degradation of RB‐19 by: 1) direct electrochemical degradation with boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes and 2) combined processes using BDD and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrodes that generate H2O2. The direct degradation uses different current densities and concentrations. High currents densities, longer electrolysis times and low volumetric flow rates favour RB‐19 degradation, removing total colour and 100 % TOC after 5 and 60 min, respectively. At a current density of 41 mA cm−2 and a volumetric flow rate of 20 dm3 h−1, the energy consumption to degrade 20 mg dm−3 of RB‐19 was 279 kWh kg−1. The TOC removal of RB‐19 dye combining BDD and RVC at a current density of 41 mA cm−2 was below 72 % after 90 min and the energy consumption increased to 612 kWh kg−1. The higher energy consumption observed during the combined process suggests that the direct degradation process at low volumetric flow rates is more efficient than the combined process.
Flexible and Stretchable PEDOT‐Embedded Hybrid Substrates for Bioengineering and Sensory Applications
Authors: Fallahi Afsoon , Mandla Serena , Kerr‐Phillip Thomas , Seo Jungmok , Rodrigues Raquel O. , Jodat Yasamin A. , Samanipour Roya , Hussain Mohammad Asif , Lee Chang Kee , Bae Hojae , Khademhosseini Ali , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Shin Su Ryon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, we introduce a flexible, biocompatible, robust and conductive electrospun fiber mat as a substrate for flexible and stretchable electronic devices for various biomedical applications. To impart the electrospun fiber mats with electrical conductivity, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a conductive polymer, was interpenetrated into nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and poly(ethylene glycol)dimethacrylate (PEGDM) crosslinked electrospun fiber mats. The mats were fabricated with tunable fiber orientation, random and aligned, and displayed elastomeric mechanical properties and high conductivity. In addition, bending the mats caused a reversible change in their resistance. The cytotoxicity studies confirmed that the elastomeric and conductive electrospun fiber mats support cardiac cell growth, and thus are adaptable to a wide range of applications, including tissue engineering, implantable sensors and wearable bioelectronics.