bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of a 120-minute nap on sleepiness, fatigue, and performance during 16-hour night shifts: A pilot study
Authors: Oriyama Sanae , Miyakoshi Yukiko , Rahman Md Moshiur 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate sleepiness, fatigue, and performance following a 120-minute nap during simulated 16-hour night shifts based on subjective and objective assessments.

Methods
Fourteen females participated in this crossover comparative study. Three experimental nap conditions were used: naps from 22:00 to 00:00 (22-NAP), 00:00 to 02:00 (00-NAP), and 02:00 to 04:00 (02-NAP), respectively. Measurement items were sleep parameters, sublingual temperature, a Visual Analog Scale for sleepiness and fatigue, a single-digit mental arithmetic task (for 10 minutes), and heart rate variability. Participants wore an ActiGraph to estimate their sleep state.

Results
There was no difference in the sleep parameters at the time of naps among the three conditions. Immediately following a 120-minute nap, sleepiness and fatigue increased, and the number of calculations performed in the single-digit mental arithmetic task decreased in any of the conditions. In particular, immediately after the 02-NAP, fatigue and high-frequency power (HF) were higher than after the 22-NAP. In the early morning (from 05:00 to 09:00), in the 22-NAP, sleepiness and fatigue increased, and performance and sublingual temperature decreased more than in the 00-NAP and 02-NAP. Furthermore, the ratio of errors was significantly lower in the 00-NAP than in the 22-NAP in the early morning.

Conclusions
A 120-minute nap taken from 22:00 to 02:00 may cause temporary sleepiness after waking, increase fatigue and reduce performance. Greater attention should be given to naps taken at a later time (ie, 02-NAP). In addition, taking a nap starting at 00:00 might decrease the risks of errors in the morning.
Oxidative folding pathways of bovine milk β‐lactoglobulin with odd cysteine residues
Authors: Iwaoka Michio , Mitsuji Takumi , Shinozaki Reina 
Published: May 2019

Bovine β‐lactoglobulin (BLG) is a major whey protein with unique structural characteristics: it possesses a free Cys thiol (SH) and two disulfide (SS) bonds and consists of a β‐barrel core surrounded by one long and several short α helices. Although SS‐intact conformational folding has been studied in depth, the oxidative folding pathways and accompanying SS formation/rearrangement are poorly understood. In this study, we used trans‐3,4‐dihydroxyselenolane oxide, a water‐soluble selenoxide reagent which undergoes rapid and quantitative SS formation, to determine the oxidative folding pathways of BLG variant A (BLGA) at pH 8.0 and 25 °C. This was done by characterizing two key one‐SS intermediates, a particular folding intermediate having a Cys66–Cys160 SS bond (I‐1) and a particular folding intermediate having a Cys106–Cys119 SS bond (I‐2), which have a native Cys66–Cys160 and Cys106–Cys119 SS bond, respectively. In the major folding pathway, the reduced protein (R) with abundant α helices was oxidized to I‐1, which was then transformed to I‐2 through SS rearrangement. The native protein (N) was formed by oxidation of I‐2. The redundant Cys121 thiol facilitates SS rearrangement. N is also generated from an ensemble of folding intermediates having two SS bonds (2SS) intermediates with scrambled SS bonds through SS rearrangement, but this minor pathway is deteriorative due to aggregation or overoxidation of 2SS. During oxidative folding of BLGA, α→β conformational transition occurred as previously observed in SS‐intact folding. These findings are informative not only for elucidating oxidative folding pathways of other members of the β‐lactoglobulin family, but also for understanding the roles of a redundant Cys thiol in the oxidative folding process of a protein with odd Cys residues.
Scaling of adult human bone and skeletal muscle mass to height in the US population
Authors: Heymsfield Steven B. , Hwaung Phoenix , Ferreyro‐Bravo Fernando , Heo Moonseong , Thomas Diana M. , Schuna John M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe scaling of structural components to body size is well studied in mammals, although comparable human observations in a large and diverse sample are lacking. The current study aimed to fill this gap by examining the scaling relationships between total body (TB) and regional bone and skeletal muscle (SM) mass with body size, as defined by stature, in a nationally representative sample of the US population.MethodsSubjects were 17,126 non‐Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, and Mexican American men and women, aged ≥18 years, evaluated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had TB and regional bone mineral (BMin) and lean soft tissue (LST) mass measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. BMin and appendicular LST served as surrogate bone and SM mass measures, respectively. The allometric model, BMin or LST = α(height)β, in a logarithmic form was used to generate scaling exponents.ResultsThe findings were similar across all gender and race groups: body mass scaled to height with powers of ~2.0 (mean β ± SE, 1.94 ± 0.08‐2.29 ± 0.09) while TB and appendicular BMin and appendicular LST scaled to height with consistently larger powers than those for body mass (eg, all P < .05 in NH white men and women); the largest BMin and LST scaling powers to height were observed in the lower extremities.ConclusionsBone and SM mass, notably those of the lower extremities, increase as proportions of body mass with greater adult height. Metabolic and biomechanical implications emerge from these observations, the first of their kind in a representative adult US population sample.
Topical therapies for management of chronic rhinosinusitis: steroid implants
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Kern Robert C. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) causes severe symptoms that lead to poor quality of life. When optimal medical therapy does not improve CRS symptoms, then endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can be used in patients with persistent symptoms and radiographic evidence of CRS to improve patients’ symptoms and quality of life. Despite appropriate and complete sinus surgery, there can be issues after sinus surgery such as synechiae formation and recurrence of polyps in certain CRS patients that can decrease long‐term outcomes. Corticosteroids are used to decrease postoperative scarring and edema as well as prevent recurrence of nasal polyp formation after sinus surgery. However, the use of oral or systemic steroid can lead to serious short‐term and long‐term complications. Therefore, a safer alternative would be the topical delivery of steroid via steroid‐eluting sinus implants.MethodsA literature review was performed to identify clinical studies evaluating steroid‐eluting implants. Two forms of steroid‐eluting implants were identified, Propel family products and Sinuva. The research findings from clinical studies using various steroid‐eluting sinus implants are reviewed and discussed.ResultsFour prospective randomized clinical studies were identified for the Propel family products. Two prospective randomized clinical studies were identified for Sinuva. The results from the clinical studies showed that the use of the various steroid‐eluting sinus implants can improve postoperative results after ESS as well as treat the recurrence of nasal polyps after sinus surgery without the need for additional sinus surgery.ConclusionThe novel steroid‐eluting implants appear to be beneficial for CRS patients immediately post‐operatively as well as for nasal polyps patients. Interestingly, these implants could be used as a substitute for the beneficial effect of systemic steroid use for CRS patients.
Preparation of multiresponsive nanogel and its application in noninvasive glucose naked eye detection
Authors: Peng Mengyuan , Yuan Sixiang , Shi Xiaodi , Lu Xihua 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, multiresponsive P(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐vinylphenylboronic acid) (P(NIPAM‐co‐VPBA)) nanogel was first synthesized by using N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) as reaction monomer. Under the optimized condition, the diameter of the as prepared nanogel reached 256.9 nm and possessed excellent monodispersity of 0.023. Besides, it was sensitive to temperature, pH, and glucose concentration. Especially, colloidal structure self‐assembled by the P(NIPAM‐co‐VPBA) nanogel showed obvious color changes to glucose in buffer solution with different concentrations. And the detection line of glucose concentration could be reduced to 1 mM, which was lower than that of the lowest glucose concentration range of diabetes in urine fluid (1.67–2.77 mM) and provided the possibility of noninvasive glucose naked eye monitoring in urine fluid using colloidal solutions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47933.
Thinking about engaging North Korea: A study on the framing of the U.S. human rights public discourse in the Washington Post and New York Times between 2001 and 2017
Authors: Rudolph Rachael M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNorth Korea said in January 2019 that it was exploring ways to engage the human rights issue. This was a much welcomed announcement because the issue must be addressed in order for the two countries to reach a formal, comprehensive peace agreement and the lifting or easing of unilateral sanctions. This study utilizes framing as an analytical tool to examine how the North Korean human rights discourse is framed in the United States for the purpose of identifying the salient rights‐based issues covered in two traditional media outlets, namely, the Washington Post and New York Times. Next, it reframes the discourse using a coding schema based on the convergence of the human rights, human security, and non‐traditional security discourses. A reframing of the discourse highlights how the universalist–particularist debate in the traditional rights‐based literature masks the underlying issues of the rights problem. A combination of the traditional rights‐based discourse and the masking of the issues contributes to a disconnect in the way in which North Korea has been engaged in the past. Therefore, a reframing of the discourse using the convergence of the human rights, human security, and non‐traditional security discourses could open new pathways for engagement.
Comparing the Superficial Vasculature of the Central Nervous System in Six Laboratory Animals: A Hypothesis About the Role of the “Circle of Willis”
Authors: Kim Yoo Yeon , Chao Janet Ren , Kim Chulho , Jung Harry , Kim Boyoung , Kang Tae‐Cheon , Chang Jiwon , Park Hae Sang , Suh Jun‐Gyo , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe provide images of the entire central nervous system vasculature, and compare the anatomical findings in six different laboratory animals. A detailed understanding of the specific anatomy for each is important in the design of experimental modeling and for understanding the specific function of each target organ. Six different types of animals, the Korean wild mouse, C57BL/6J mouse, F344 rat, mongolian gerbil, Syrian hamsters, and guinea pigs, were included. To stain the blood vessels in each of the animals, Alcian blue reagent was used to perfuse each species. The bifurcation and anastomotic patterns of the anterior cerebral arteries differed in each species. The vascular supply to the olfactory nerve was visualized as a single artery supplying both olfactory nerves, and arteries supplying the lateral portion of the olfactory nerves originating from the olfactory bulb area. The posterior communicating arteries of the six animals demonstrated unique morphologies. The shape of the hypophyseal portal system varied by species. Most animals used in this study had a hexagonal Circle of Willis, except for the Korean wild mouse. Using this approach, we successfully mapped the brain vascular system in six different species of animals. This information and the images created can guide other researchers as they design research studies and create experimental models for new surgical procedures and approaches. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:2049–2061, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Motion of Enzyme‐Powered Microshell Motors
Authors: Chen Chengtao , He Zhengqing , Wu Jie , Zhang Xueqing , Xia Qianfeng , Ju Huangxian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicroshells are attractive in constructing bubble‐propelled micromotors due to the lower energy consumption for bubbles forming on a concave surface. In this work, enzyme‐powered microshell motors were fabricated on multimetallic (Au/Ag/Au) microshells along with the modification of catalase on its concave surface. The catalase triggered the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen gas, hence propelling the autonomous motion of microshell motors. A size‐dependent motion behaviour was observed for the microshell motors in the form of slow tremble and fast translation motion for a size smaller and larger than 5 μm, respectively, according to the size, generation efficiency and ejection mechanism of bubbles and the intensity of Brownian motion. In addition, the effect of fuel concentration on the motion speed of microshells was dependent on whether the bubble generation was affected by the limited mass transfer in the microshell space. These findings play an important role for the design of microshell motors.
Identification and CRISPR/Cas9 Inactivation of the C1s Protease Responsible for Proteolysis of Recombinant Proteins Produced in CHO Cells
Authors: Li Sophia W. , Yu Bin , Byrne Gabriel , Wright Meredith , O'Rourke Sara , Mesa Kathryn , Berman Phillip W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProteolysis associated with recombinant protein expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells has hindered the development of biologics including HIV vaccines. When expressed in CHO cells, the recombinant HIV envelope protein, gp120, undergoes proteolytic clipping by a serine protease at a key epitope recognized by neutralizing antibodies. The problem is particularly acute for envelope proteins from clade B viruses that represent the major genetic subtype circulating in much of the developed world, including the US and Europe. In this paper, we have identified complement Component 1's (C1s), a serine protease from the complement cascade, as the protease responsible for the proteolysis of gp120 in CHO cells. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the C1s protease in a CHO cell line was shown to eliminate the proteolytic activity against the recombinantly expressed gp120. In addition, the C1s−/−MGAT1− CHO cell line, with the C1s protease and the MGAT1 glycosyltransferase knocked out, enabled the production of unclipped gp120 from a clade B isolate (BaL‐rgp120) and enriched for mannose‐5 glycans on gp120 that are required for the binding of multiple broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bN‐mAbs). The availability of this technology will allow for the scale‐up and testing of multiple vaccine concepts in regions of the world where clade B viruses are in circulation. Furthermore, the proteolysis issues caused by the C1s protease suggests a broader need for a C1s‐deficient CHO cell line to express other recombinant proteins that are susceptible to serine protease activity in CHO cells. Similarly, the workflow described here to identify and knockout C1s in a CHO cell line can be applied to remedy the proteolysis of biologics by other CHO proteases.
Maternal stress and adolescent brain structure and function
Authors: Niehaus Claire E. , Chaplin Tara M. , Gonçalves Stefanie F. , Semelsberger Robin , Thompson James C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdolescence is a time of heightened sensitivity in biological stress systems and the emergence of stress‐related psychopathology. Thus, understanding environmental factors in adolescence that might be associated with adolescents'’ stress systems is important. Maternal stress levels may be involved. However, the relationship between maternal stress and the adolescent brain is unknown.MethodThe present study examined the association between mothers' self‐reported stress levels and mothers' cortisol stress reactivity and their early adolescents' brain structure and functional activation to stressful negative emotional images. Participants included 66 mothers and their 12‐ to 14‐year old adolescents. Mother's perceived stress and salivary cortisol reactivity to a stressful task were collected. Then, adolescents' brain structure and function were assessed in a magnetic resonance imaging session.ResultsFunctional whole‐brain analyses revealed that mothers' higher reported perceived stress, but not cortisol reactivity, predicted adolescents' higher responses in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to stressful negative emotional stimuli. There were no statistically significant associations for structural analyses.ConclusionsGiven the finding of maternal stress reactivity related to adolescent mPFC function—an integral structure related to stress responses—parent stress may play a role in the development of neural stress systems in adolescence, with potential implications for development of psychopathology.
Effects of cholinium‐based ionic liquids on Aspergillus niger lipase: Stabilizers or inhibitors
Authors: Nascimento Paloma A. M. , Picheli Flávio P. , Lopes André M. , Pereira Jorge F. B. , Santos‐Ebinuma Valéria C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLipases are well‐known biocatalysts used in several industrial processes/applications. Thus, as with other enzymes, changes in their surrounding environment and/or their thermodynamic parameters can induce structural changes that can increase, decrease, or even inhibit their catalytic activity. The use of ionic compounds as solvents or additives is a common approach for adjusting reaction conditions and, consequently, for controlling the biocatalytic activity of enzymes. Herein, to elucidate the effects of ionic compounds on the structure of lipase, the stability and enzymatic activity of lipase from Aspergillus niger in aqueous solutions (at 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 M) of six cholinium‐based ionic liquids (cholinium chloride [Ch]Cl; cholinium acetate ([Ch][Ac]); cholinium propanoate ([Ch][Prop]); cholinium butanoate ([Ch][But]); cholinium pentanoate ([Ch][Pent]); and cholinium hexanoate ([Ch][Hex])) were evaluated over 24 hr. The enzymatic activity of lipase was maintained or enhanced in the lower concentrations of all the [Ch]+‐ILs (below 0.1 M). [Ch][Ac] maintained the biocatalytic behavior of lipase, independent of the IL concentration and incubation time. However, above 0.1 M, [Ch][Pent] and [Ch][Hex] caused complete inhibition of the catalytic activity of the enzyme, demonstrating that the increase in the anionic alkyl chain length strongly affected the conformation of the lipase. The hydrophobicity and concentration of the [Ch]+‐ILs play an important role in the enzyme activity, and these parameters can be controlled by adjusting the anionic alkyl chain length. The inhibitory effects of [Ch][Pent] and [Ch][Hex] may be of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry to induce pharmacological inhibition of gastric and pancreatic lipases.
The demographic and treatment options for patients with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Gu Jianjun , Gong Daohui , Wang Yuxiu , Chi Beiyuan , Zhang Jun , Hu Suwei , Min Lingfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionLung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (L‐LCNEC) is a rare, aggressive tumor, for which the optimal treatment strategies for LCNEC have not yet been established. In order to explore how to improve the outcome of prognosis for patients with LCNEC, this study investigated the effect of different treatments based on the data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsA total of 2594 LCNEC cases with conditional information were extracted from SEER database. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was conducted to reduce possible bias between groups. One‐way ANOVA was used to test the differences of characteristics between groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were applied to identify prognostic factors.ResultsClinicopathologic characteristics including gender, age, TNM stage, T stage, N stage, and M stage were all identified as independent prognostic factors. Surgery benefited stage I, II, and III LCNEC patients’ prognoses. The combination treatment that surgery combining with chemotherapy was the optimal treatment for stage I, II, and III LCENC patients. Compared with palliative treatment, stage IV patients obtained better prognoses with the treatment of radiation, chemotherapy, or chemoradiation. When comparing the effect of the three treatments (radiation, chemotherapy, and chemoradiation) in achieving better prognosis for stage IV patients, chemotherapy alone was better than the other treatments.ConclusionSurgery combining with chemotherapy was the optimal treatment for stage I, II, and III LCNEC patients; chemotherapy alone achieves more benefit than the other treatments for stage IV patients.
Regional and racial variations in the utilization of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography among pancreatic cancer patients in the United States
Authors: Tavakkoli Anna , Singal Amit G. , Waljee Akbar K. , Scheiman James M. , Murphy Caitlin C. , Pruitt Sandi L. , Xuan Lei , Kwon Richard S. , Law Ryan J. , Elta Grace H. , Wright‐Slaughter Phyllis , Valley Thomas S. , Kubiliun Nisa , Nathan Hari , Rubenstein Joel H. , Elmunzer B. Joseph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths by 2030. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is recommended as first‐line therapy for biliary decompression in pancreatic cancer. The aim of our study was to characterize geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in ERCP utilization among patients with pancreatic cancer.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database to identify patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2003‐2013. The primary outcome was receipt of ERCP, with or without stent placement, vs any non‐ERCP biliary intervention.ResultsOf the 36 619 patients with pancreatic cancer, 37.5% (n = 13 719) underwent an ERCP, percutaneous drainage, or surgical biliary bypass. The most common biliary intervention (82.6%) was ERCP. After adjusting for tumor location and stage, Blacks were significantly less likely to receive ERCP than Whites (aOR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72, 0.97) and more likely to receive percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.14, 1.66). Patients in the Southeast and the West were more likely to receive ERCP than those in the Northeast (Southeast aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04, 1.40; West aOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.32).ConclusionRacial/ethnic and geographic disparities in access to biliary interventions including ERCP exist for patients with pancreatic cancer in the United States. Our results highlight the need for further research and policies to improve access to appropriate biliary intervention for all patients.
Unusual metastasis of papillary renal cell carcinoma to the pyriform sinus: Case report
Authors: Gioia Edoardo , Carta Filippo , Mariani Cinzia , Gerosa Clara , Puxeddu Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma is the third most common cause of distant metastasis to the head and neck. Renal cell carcinoma metastasis should be considered in differential diagnosis when patients with a clinical history of renal cell carcinoma show a head and neck mass.