bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Links between Immunologic Memory and Metabolic Cycling
Authors: Cottam Matthew A. , Itani Hana A. , Beasley Arch A. , Hasty Alyssa H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Treatments for metabolic diseases, such as diet and therapeutics, often provide short-term therapy for metabolic stressors, but relapse is common. Repeated bouts of exposure to, and relief from, metabolic stimuli results in a phenomenon we call “metabolic cycling.” Recent human and rodent data suggest metabolic cycling promotes an exaggerated response and ultimately worsened metabolic health. This is particularly evident with cycling of body weight and hypertension. The innate and adaptive immune systems have a profound impact on development of metabolic disease, and current data suggest that immunologic memory may partially explain this association, especially in the context of metabolic cycling. In this Brief Review, we highlight recent work in this field and discuss potential immunologic mechanisms for worsened disease prognosis in individuals who experience metabolic cycling.
Efectos de un programa de actividad física en la calidad del sueño de escolares con TDAH
Authors: López Sánchez G. F. , López Sánchez L. , Díaz Suárez A. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Este artículo se centra en estudiar los efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la calidad del sueño de un grupo de escolares con Trastorno de Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH). Han participado 12 escolares (12 niños), entre los 7 y los 12 años de edad. La calidad del sueño se ha medido mediante el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburg. El procedimiento ha sido: pre-test, intervención y pos-test. La intervención ha consistido en 2 días a la semana de actividad física, 60 minutos al día, durante 12 semanas. Se ha producido una mejora de la calidad del sueño en un 16.6 % de los escolares. Tras la intervención algunos escolares han mantenido su nivel de calidad del sueño y otros lo han aumentado.</p>
Estudio relacional de la práctica deportiva en escolares según el género
Authors: Chacón Cuberos R. , Arufe Giráldez V. , Cachón Zagalaz J. , Zagalaz Sánchez Mª L. , Castro García D. 
Published: May 2018

<p>Dado que la actividad física ha tomado protagonismo como medio para evitar estilos de vida sedentarios, resulta imprescindible conocer cuáles son los deportes practicados por los escolares fuera del horario escolar. Este estudio de carácter descriptivo y de corte transversal, realizado sobre 818 escolares, tiene como objetivo principal establecer hábitos de práctica deportiva en función del género, el cual ha actuado como factor modulador a lo largo de la historia. Los resultados determinaron que los escolares de género femenino practicaban principalmente deportes individuales y a modo de hobby, mientras que los varones lo hacían de forma colectica y federada. Asimismo, el nivel de práctica deportiva determinó que ellos practicaban más deportes que ellas, haciéndolo más días semanales y en sesiones de mayor duración. Como conclusión, se demuestran diferencias en el deporte practicado según el género, así como la necesidad de igualar esta práctica evitando estereotipos y estilos de vida sedentarios. </p>
Multilocus phylogeny of the parasitic wasps in the tribe Euphorini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with revised generic classifications
Authors: Zhang Yuanmeng Miles , Stigenberg Julia , Meyer Jacqueline Hope , Sharanowski Barbara Jo-Anne 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundParasitic wasps in the family Braconidae are important regulators of insect pests, particularly in forest and agroecosystems. Within Braconidae, wasps in the tribe Euphorini (Euphorinae) attack economically damaging plant bugs (Miridae) that are major pests of field and vegetable crops. However, the evolutionary relationships of this tribe have been historically problematic. Most generic concepts have been based on ambiguous morphological characters which often leads to misidentification, complicating their use in biological control.MethodsUsing a combination of three genes (COI,28S, andCAD) and 80 taxa collected worldwide, we conducted Bayesian inference using MrBayes, and maximum likelihood analyses using RAxML and IQ-Tree on individual gene trees as well as the concatenated dataset.ResultsThe monophyly of the tribe Euphorini and the two generaPeristenusandLeiophronwere confirmed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The subgeneric classifications ofLeiophron sensu latowere not supported, and the monotypic genusMamawas also not supported.DiscussionEuphoriella,Euphoriana,Euphorus, andMamasyn. n,have been synonymized underLeiophron. Mama mariaesyn. nwas placed as a junior synonym ofLeiophron reclinator. The generic concepts ofPeristenusandLeiophronwere refined to reflect the updated phylogeny. Further we discuss the need for revising Euphorini given the number of undescribed species within the tribe.
Impact of input data (in)accuracy on overestimation of visible area in digital viewshed models
Authors: Lagner Ondřej , Klouček Tomáš , Šímová Petra 
Published: May 2018

Viewshed analysis is a GIS tool in standard use for more than two decades to perform numerous scientific and practical tasks. The reliability of the resulting viewshed model depends on the computational algorithm and the quality of the input digital surface model (DSM). Although many studies have dealt with improving viewshed algorithms, only a few studies have focused on the effect of the spatial accuracy of input data. Here, we compare simple binary viewshed models based on DSMs having varying levels of detail with viewshed models created using LiDAR DSM. The compared DSMs were calculated as the sums of digital terrain models (DTMs) and layers of forests and buildings with expertly assigned heights. Both elevation data and the visibility obstacle layers were prepared using digital vector maps differing in scale (1:5,000, 1:25,000, and 1:500,000) as well as using a combination of a LiDAR DTM with objects vectorized on an orthophotomap. All analyses were performed for 104 sample locations of 5 km2, covering areas from lowlands to mountains and including farmlands as well as afforested landscapes. We worked with two observer point heights, the first (1.8 m) simulating observation by a person standing on the ground and the second (80 m) as observation from high structures such as wind turbines, and with five estimates of forest heights (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 m). At all height estimations, all of the vector-based DSMs used resulted in overestimations of visible areas considerably greater than those from the LiDAR DSM. In comparison to the effect from input data scale, the effect from object height estimation was shown to be secondary.
Visual and Anatomical Outcome Of Ozurdex Implant In Non-Infectious Intermediate Or Posterior Uveitis In Treatment Naive Patients
Authors: Mehrotra Navneet , Nagpal Manish , Jain Hardik , Juneja Rakesh 
Published: May 2018

Aim:-
To determine the visual and anatomical outcome of Ozurdex implant in non-infectious intermediate or posterior uveitis in treatment naïve patients.

Design:-
Retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:-
25 eyes receiving Ozurdex implant (0.7mg dexamethasone) for treatment of naïve non-infectious intermediate or posterior uveitis with cystoid macular edema (CME) having a minimum 6 month follow up. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) was measured at baseline, 1, 3 & 6 months.

Results:-
Mean baseline logMAR BCVA improved significantly from 0.477 to 0.181 (p<0.05) at 3 months and to 0.193 (p<0.05) at 6 months. The mean CFT reduced from its baseline value of 481.3µto 250.41µ (p<0.05) at 3 months and to 274.8µ(p<0.05) at 6 months.

Conclusion:-
Significant improvement in BCVA and CFT from baseline to 3 and 6 months has proven Ozurdex implant to be a promising treatment option in cases of treatment naïve non-infectious posterior uveitis.
Novas perspectivas no tratamento da hiperplasia adrenal congênita
Authors: Faria Junior José Antônio Diniz , Sampaio Danilo Sousa , Oliveira Luciana Mattos Barros , Lago Renata , Silva Célia Nunes , Canguçu-Campinho Ana Karina , Schleu Minna , Toralles Maria Betânia Pereira 
Published: May 2018

A HAC é um distúrbio congênito, caracterizado pela deficiência na biossíntese do cortisol, associado ou não à deficiência de aldosterona e, consequentemente, à superprodução de andrógeno. Essa condição afeta igualmente homens e mulheres. No sexo feminino, acarreta virilização da genitália externa em graus variados. No sexo masculino, nenhuma anormalidade se apresenta fenotipicamente ao nascimento. Tradicionalmente, o tratamento dessa síndrome consiste na reposição diária de glicocorticoides e mineralocorticoides. Novas terapias têm sido propostas com intuito de se obterem resultados mais satisfatórios; dentre elas, existem: análogos do LHRH, GH, inibidores da aromatase, antiandrógenos e a adrenalectomia. Resultados preliminares apontam para uma melhora da altura final e do manejo clínico dos pacientes submetidos aos novos tratamentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura acerca dessas novas modalidades terapêuticas, com o intuito de explorar o que há de mais novo na abordagem dessa síndrome.
Temporal and Spatial Matching in Human‐Earth System Model Coupling
Authors: Chou Jieming , Hu Chuanye , Dong Wenjie , Ban Jinghan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the use of integrated assessment models to determine how the economy is affected by climate change, the bidirectional coupling of Earth system model with the integrated assessment model is needed. In the context of coupled problems in human‐Earth systems, two issues persist: spatial and temporal scale matching. For spatial scale matching, this paper proposes the area weight conversion method, a gridding method for calculations to accord with the grid of the Earth's system mode, where administrative data cells are transformed into grid data by “pregridding” and “postgridding.” For temporal scale matching, the temporal scale of the economic statistics was shortened to 1 year to render it consistent with the Earth system model. Using the area weight conversion method, grid processing was performed in terms of population and Gross Domestic Product for all provinces of China and every country of the world, respectively. The results showed that the characteristics of gridding population and Gross Domestic Product data were consistent with their actual distributions, that is, the credibility of gridding was high. The temporal matching treatment refined to the year and the spatial matching treatment following gridding met the overall requirements of coupling. Moreover, they provide a foundation for the coupling of the human‐Earth system model.
Geological Analysis of Martian Rover‐Derived Digital Outcrop Models Using the 3‐D Visualization Tool, Planetary Robotics 3‐D Viewer—PRo3D
Authors: Barnes Robert , Gupta Sanjeev , Traxler Christoph , Ortner Thomas , Bauer Arnold , Hesina Gerd , Paar Gerhard , Huber Ben , Juhart Kathrin , Fritz Laura , Nauschnegg Bernhard , Muller Jan‐Peter , Tao Yu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPanoramic camera systems on robots exploring the surface of Mars are used to collect images of terrain and rock outcrops which they encounter along their traverse. Image mosaics from these cameras are essential in mapping the surface geology and selecting locations for analysis by other instruments on the rover's payload. 2‐D images do not truly portray the depth of field of features within an image, nor their 3‐D geometry. This paper describes a new 3‐D visualization software tool for geological analysis of Martian rover‐derived Digital Outcrop Models created using photogrammetric processing of stereo‐images using the Planetary Robotics Vision Processing tool developed for 3‐D vision processing of ExoMars PanCam and Mars 2020 Mastcam‐Z data. Digital Outcrop Models are rendered in real time in the Planetary Robotics 3‐D Viewer PRo3D, allowing scientists to roam outcrops as in a terrestrial field campaign. Digitization of point, line, and polyline features is used for measuring the physical dimensions of geological features and communicating interpretations. Dip and strike of bedding and fractures is measured by digitizing a polyline along the contact or fracture trace, through which a best fit plane is plotted. The attitude of this plane is calculated in the software. Here we apply these tools to analysis of sedimentary rock outcrops and quantification of the geometry of fracture systems encountered by the science teams of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity and Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity. We show the benefits PRo3D allows for visualization and collection of geological interpretations and analyses from rover‐derived stereo‐images.
A New Tool to Account for Crater Obliteration Effects in Crater Size‐Frequency Distribution Measurements
Authors: Riedel Christian , Michael Gregory , Kneissl Thomas , Orgel Csilla , Hiesinger Harald , van der Bogert Carolyn H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe analysis of crater size‐frequency distributions (CSFDs) is a widely used technique to date and investigate planetary surface processes. There are two well‐established crater measurement techniques, traditional crater counting and buffered crater counting, and two new geometric corrections, nonsparseness correction and buffered nonsparseness correction. The new techniques consider the effects of crater obliteration and subsequent recratering while measuring CSFDs in areas of high crater density. Currently, the ArcGIS add‐in CraterTools can be used to apply the well‐established techniques. The tool relies on Esri's ArcGIS environment and is restricted to 32 bit and single‐core computing. These limitations make the implementation of the new geometric corrections in CraterTools inefficient, as the new techniques are computationally more intensive than the well‐established ones. To this end, we developed CSFD Tools, an application to conduct CSFD measurements from shapefiles. It supports 64 bit and multicore data processing and uses existing open geospatial libraries. Open libraries, however, conduct spatial measurements on a Cartesian plane and do not take a curved planetary surface into account. Therefore, we implemented methods for geodesic measurements and workarounds for the geodesic modification of polygon data to minimize map distortion effects during CSFD measurements. As a result, the new nonsparseness correction and buffered nonsparseness correction techniques can be applied through a software tool.
Altered dynamics of neurovascular coupling in CADASIL
Authors: Huneau Clément , Houot Marion , Joutel Anne , Béranger Benoit , Giroux Christian , Benali Habib , Chabriat Hugues 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNeurovascular coupling is the complex biological process that underlies use‐dependent increases in blood flow in response to neural activation. Neurovascular coupling was investigated at the early stage of CADASIL, a genetic paradigm of ischemic small vessel disease.MethodsFunctional hyperemia and evoked potentials during 20‐ and 40‐sec visual and motor stimulations were monitored simultaneously using arterial spin labeling‐functional magnetic resonance imaging (ASL‐fMRI) and electroencephalography.ResultsCortical functional hyperemia differed significantly between 19 patients and 19 healthy individuals, whereas evoked potentials were unaltered. Functional hyperemia dynamics, assessed using the difference in the slope of the response curve between 15 and 30 sec, showed a time‐shifted decrease in the response to 40‐sec neural stimulations in CADASIL patients. These results were replicated in a second cohort of 10 patients and 10 controls and confirmed in the whole population.InterpretationAlterations of neurovascular coupling occur early in CADASIL and can be assessed by ASL‐fMRI using a simple marker of vascular dysfunction.
Patient Concerns and Perceptions Regarding Biologic Therapies in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Insights From a Large‐Scale Survey of Social Media Platforms
Authors: Dzubur Eldin , Khalil Carine , Almario Christopher V. , Noah Benjamin , Minhas Deeba , Ishimori Mariko , Arnold Corey , Park Yujin , Kay Jonathan , Weisman Michael H. , Spiegel Brennan M. R. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveFew studies have examined ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients’ concerns about and perceptions of biologic therapies, apart from traditional surveys. In this study, we used social media data to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of AS patients regarding biologic therapies.MethodsWe collected posts published on 601 social media sites between January 1, 2016 and April 26, 2017. In each post, both an AS keyword and a biologic were mentioned. To explore themes within the collection of posts in an unsupervised manner, a latent Dirichlet allocation topic model was fit to the data set. Each discovered topic was represented as a discrete distribution over the words in the collection, similar to a word cloud. The topics were manually reviewed to identify themes, which were confirmed using thematic data analysis.ResultsWe examined 27,416 social media posts and identified 112 themes. The majority of themes (n = 67 [60%]) focused on discussions related to AS treatment. Other themes, including the psychological impact of AS, reporting of medical literature, and AS disease consequences, accounted for the remaining 40% (n = 45). In discussions regarding AS treatment, most topics involved biologics, and most subthemes involved side effects (e.g., fatigue, allergic reactions), biologic treatment attributes (e.g., dosing, frequency), and concerns about use of biologics (e.g., increased cancer risk). Additional implicit patient needs (e.g., support) were identified using qualitative analyses.ConclusionSocial media revealed a dynamic range of themes governing AS patients’ experience with and choice of biologic agents. The complexity of selecting biologics from among many such agents and navigating their risk/benefit profiles suggests the merit of creating online tools tailored to support patients’ decision‐making with regard to biologic therapies for AS.
HPV Oncogene Manipulation Using Nonvirally Delivered CRISPR/Cas9 or Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute
Authors: Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Li Mingqiang , Gao Madeleine A. , Shao Dan , Chi Chun‐Wei , Huang Dantong , Chakraborty Syandan , Ho Tzu‐Chieh , Jiang Weiqian , Wang Hong‐Xia , Wang Sihong , Leong Kam W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 technology enables targeted gene editing; yet, the efficiency and specificity remain unsatisfactory, particularly for the nonvirally delivered, plasmid‐based CRISPR/Cas9 system. To tackle this, a self‐assembled micelle is developed and evaluated for human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 oncogene disruption. The optimized micelle enables effective delivery of Cas9 plasmid with a transient transgene expression profile, benefiting the specificity of Cas9 recognition. Furthermore, the feasibility of using the micelle is explored for another nucleic acid‐guided nuclease system, Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute (NgAgo). Both systems are tested in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their therapeutic potential. Cas9‐mediated E7 knockout leads to significant inhibition of HPV‐induced cancerous activity both in vitro and in vivo, while NgAgo does not show significant E7 inhibition on the xenograft mouse model. Collectively, this micelle represents an efficient delivery system for nonviral gene editing, adding to the armamentarium of gene editing tools to advance safe and effective precision medicine‐based therapeutics.
A Review of Electrocatalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Cui Xiaoyang , Tang Cheng , Zhang Qiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe production of ammonia (NH3) from molecular dinitrogen (N2) under mild conditions is one of the most attractive topics in the field of chemistry. Electrochemical reduction of N2 is promising for achieving clean and sustainable NH3 production with lower energy consumption using renewable energy sources. To date, emerging electrocatalysts for the electrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure remain largely underexplored. The major challenge is to achieve both high catalytic activity and high selectivity. Here, the recent progress on the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) at ambient temperature and pressure from both theoretical and experimental aspects is summarized, aiming at extracting instructive perceptions for future NRR research activities. The prevailing theories and mechanisms for NRR as well as computational screening of promising materials are presented. State‐of‐the‐art heterogeneous electrocatalysts as well as rational design of the whole electrochemical systems for NRR are involved. Importantly, promising strategies to enhance the activity, selectivity, efficiency, and stability of electrocatalysts toward NRR are proposed. Moreover, ammonia determination methods are compared and problems relating to possible ammonia contamination of the system are mentioned so as to shed fresh light on possible standard protocols for NRR measurements.
Self‐Limited on‐Site Conversion of MoO3 Nanodots into Vertically Aligned Ultrasmall Monolayer MoS2 for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Huang Lin‐Bo , Zhao Lu , Zhang Yun , Chen Yu‐Yun , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Luo Hao , Zhang Xing , Tang Tang , Gu Lin , Hu Jin‐Song 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMoS2 has emerged as a promising alternative electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to high intrinsic per‐site activity on its edge sites and S‐vacancies. However, a significant challenge is the limited density of such sites. Reducing the size and layer number of MoS2 and vertically aligning them would be an effective way to enrich and expose such sites for HER. Herein, a facile self‐limited on‐site conversion strategy for synthesizing monolayer MoS2 in a couple of nanometers which are highly dispersed and vertically aligned on 3D porous carbon sheets is reported. It is discovered that the preformation of well‐dispersed MoO3 nanodots in 1–2 nm as limited source is the key for the fabrication of such an ultrasmall MoS2 monolayer. As indicated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance data, these ultrasmall MoS2 monolayers are rich in accessible S‐edge sites and vacancies and the smaller MoS2 monolayers the more such sites they have, leading to enhanced electrocatalytic activity with a low overpotential of 126 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 140 mV at 100 mA mg−1 for HER. This state‐of‐the‐art performance for MoS2 electrocatalysts enables the present strategy as a new avenue for exploring well‐dispersed ultrasmall nanomaterials as efficient catalysts.