bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel technique for placing titanium mesh with porous polyethylene via the endoscopic transnasal approach into the orbit for medial orbital wall fractures
Authors: Bae Seong Hwan , Jeong Dae Kyun , Go Ju Young , Park Heeseung , Kim Joo Hyoung , Lee Jae Woo , Kang Taewoo 
Published: September 2019

Background The endoscopic transnasal approach is widely used for reconstructing the medial orbital wall by filling it with a silicone sheet or Merocel, but this technique has the disadvantage of retaining the packing for a long time. To overcome this drawback, a method of positioning an absorbable plate in the orbit has been introduced, but there is a risk of defect recurrence after the plate is absorbed. Here, the authors report the results of a novel surgical technique of placing a nonabsorbable titanium mesh with porous polyethylene into the orbit through the endoscopic transnasal approach.
Methods Fourteen patients underwent surgery using the endoscopic transnasal approach. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) was used to calculate the size of the bone defect due to the fracture, and the titanium mesh was designed to be shorter than the anteroposterior length of the defect and longer than its height. The titanium mesh was inserted into the orbit under an endoscopic view. The authors then confirmed that the titanium mesh supported the orbital contents by pressing the eyeball and finished the operation. Immediately after surgery, CT results were evaluated.
Results Postoperative CT scans confirmed that the titanium mesh was well-inserted and in the correct position. All patients were discharged without any complications.
Conclusions We obtained satisfactory results by inserting a titanium mesh with porous polyethylene into the orbit via the transnasal approach endoscopically.
Computational Molecular Analysis of the 5 Candidate Genes of Suidae Family Related to African Swine Fever Occurrence
Authors: Oluwole O. O. 
Published: September 2019

Suidae family consisting, domestic pig, warthog and babyrousa are identified with even hooves and snout nose. They have been reported to be tolerant to African swine fever virus (ASFV) with the exception of the domestic pig. Domestic pig is valuable for humans as a source of protein all over the world, but is more susceptible to this disease. ASFV has been found in warthog and bush pig. Five candidate genes, RELA, PPP3CB, PPIA, NFKBIA, and NFATC1 have been suggested to be responsible for the genetic variation between the components of Suidae family, which may contribute to the species-specific responses to ASFV infection. This study aims to investigate the evolution, differentiation and functional function of these five genes in three species of Suidae family that are either susceptible or tolerant to ASFV using molecular computational genetics.
The nucleotide and amino acid sequence (aas) of the 5 genes of pig, warthog and babyrousa were downloaded from NCBI, Essembel geneome browser, and Uniprot database. They were aligned and analysed to predict functional effect of amino acid substitution as deleterious or neutral for small insertions and deletions.
The candidate genes were observed to have variants with the exception of NFKBIA. They were observed to have deleterious variants. These deleterious variants may be responsible for the susceptibility or tolerance of this family to ASF disease.
miRNA‐215‐5p suppresses the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells by targeting Sox9
Authors: Gao Jia Bao , Zhu Ming Nan , Zhu Xiao Liang 
Published: September 2019

Several studies have shown that miR‐215‐5p acts as a tumor suppressor in certain cancers, but its role in the progression and metastasis of breast carcinoma remains incompletely understood. Herein, we prove that miR‐215‐5p is substantially down‐expressed in breast carcinoma as compared with nontumor tissue. Up‐regulation of miR‐215‐5p inhibits the aggressive abilities of breast carcinoma cells in vitro. We performed luciferase reporter tests to show that SRY‐Box 9 (Sox9) is the target of miR‐215‐5p; as predicted, Sox9 depletion replicates the suppressive effects of miR‐215‐5p on breast carcinoma cells, and overexpression of Sox9 rescues the effects of miR‐215‐5p on breast cancer cell progression. In addition, a xenograft model assay was used to reveal that miR‐215‐5p inhibits breast cancer cell growth and metastatic potential in vivo. Overall, these results imply that miRNA‐215‐5p suppresses the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells through targeting Sox9.
Optimization of motion management parameters in a synchrotron‐based spot scanning system
Authors: Johnson Jedediah E. , Herman Michael G. , Kruse Jon J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo quantify the effects of combining layer‐based repainting and respiratory gating as a strategy to mitigate the dosimetric degradation caused by the interplay effect between a moving target and dynamic spot‐scanning proton delivery.MethodsAn analytic routine modeled three‐dimensional dose distributions of pencil‐beam proton plans delivered to a moving target. Spot positions and weights were established for a single field to deliver 100 cGy to a static, 15‐cm deep, 3‐cm radius spherical clinical target volume with a 1‐cm isotropic internal target volume expansion. The interplay effect was studied by modeling proton delivery from a clinical synchrotron‐based spot scanning system and respiratory target motion, patterned from surrogate patient breathing traces. Motion both parallel and orthogonal to the beam scanning direction was investigated. Repainting was modeled using a layer‐based technique. For each of 13 patient breathing traces, the dose from 20 distinct delivery schemes (combinations of four gate window amplitudes and five repainting techniques) was computed. Delivery strategies were inter‐compared based on target coverage, dose homogeneity, high dose spillage, and delivery time.ResultsNotable degradation and variability in plan quality were observed for ungated delivery. Decreasing the gate window reduced this variability and improved plan quality at the expense of longer delivery times. Dose deviations were substantially greater for motion orthogonal to the scan direction when compared with parallel motion. Repainting coupled with gating was effective at partially restoring dosimetric coverage at only a fraction of the delivery time increase associated with very small gate windows alone. Trends for orthogonal motion were similar, but more complicated, due to the increased severity of the interplay.ConclusionsLayer‐based repainting helps suppress the interplay effect from intra‐gate motion, with only a modest penalty in delivery time. The magnitude of the improvement in target coverage is strongly influenced by individual patient breathing patterns and the tumor motion trajectory.
Variation in accumulated dose of volumetric‐modulated arc therapy for pancreatic cancer due to different beam starting phases
Authors: Sasaki Makoto , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Goto Yoko , Ishihara Yoshitomo , Nakata Manabu , Sugimoto Naozo , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effects of different beam starting phases on dosimetric variations in the clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs), and to identify the relationship between plan complexity and the dosimetric impact of interplay effects in volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for pancreatic cancer.MethodsSingle and double full‐arc VMAT plans were generated for 11 patients. A dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions was prescribed to cover 50% of the planning target volume. Patient‐specific Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine–Radiation Therapy plan files were divided into 10 files based on the respiratory phases in four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) simulations. The phase‐divided VMAT plans were calculated in consideration of the beam starting phase for each arc and were then combined in the mid‐ventilation phase of 4DCT (4D plans). The dose‐volumetric parameters were compared with the calculated dose distributions without consideration of the interplay effects (3D plans). Additionally, relationships among plan parameters such as modulation complexity scores, monitor units (MUs), and dose‐volumetric parameters were evaluated.ResultsDosimetric differences in the median values associated with different beam starting phases were within ± 1.0% and ± 0.2% for the CTV and ± 0.5% and ± 0.9% for the OARs during single and double full‐arc VMAT, respectively. Significant differences caused by variations in the beam starting phases were observed only for the dose‐volumetric parameters of the CTV during single full‐arc VMAT (P < 0.05), associated with moderate or strong correlations between the MUs and the dosimetric differences between the 4D and 3D plans.ConclusionsThe beam starting phase affected CTV dosimetric variations of single full‐arc VMAT. The use of double full‐arc VMAT mitigated this problem. However, variation in the dose delivered to OARs was not dependent on the beam starting phase, even for single full‐arc VMAT.
Toxico‐Metabolomics of Engineered Nanomaterials: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Wanwan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanoscale matter has unique attributes that potentiate their widespread application from biomedicine, engineering, food, cosmetics, sensing, to energy. Due to the rapid industrialization of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as a result of increasing consumer interests, more ENMs will be released into the environment, greatly increasing the probability of their contact with humans. Once these ENMs enter the human body or an ecosystem, they may initiate various biochemical responses in unprecedented ways, thus raising important concerns in regard to their effects on human health and the ecosystem. Here, the shifts in the intricate metabolic pathways instigated by ENMs are highlighted and those altered metabolic changes are extrapolated for the elucidation of environmental health and risk assessment. Furthermore, the toxico‐metabolomics knowledge of ENMs provides the opportunity to design novel nanomedicine with high efficacies by capitalizing on their abilities to rewire metabolic networks for the treatment of diseases.
Enhanced Incorporation of Guanidinium in Formamidinium‐Based Perovskites for Efficient and Stable Photovoltaics: The Role of Cs and Br
Authors: Zhou Yang , Xue Haibo , Jia Yong‐Heng , Brocks Geert , Tao Shuxia , Zhao Ni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, incorporating guanidium (GA) cations into organolead halide perovskites is shown to effectively improve the stability and performance of the solar cells. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern the GA incorporation have remained unclear. Here, FAPbI3 is used as a basic framework to investigate experimentally and theoretically the role of cesium (Cs) and bromine (Br) substitutions in GA+ incorporation. It is found that simultaneous introduction of the small‐size Cs+ and Br– in the FAPbI3 lattice is critical to create sufficient space for the large GA+ and that the presence of the Cs+ prevents the formation of a GA‐contained low‐dimensional phase, which both assist GA+ incorporation. Upon entering the perovskite lattice, the GA+ can stabilize the lattice structure via forming strong hydrogen bonds with their neighboring halide ions. Such structure modification suppresses halide vacancy formation, thus leading to improved material properties. Compared to the GA‐free perovskite reference samples, the optimal system GA0.05Cs0.15FA0.8Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 exhibits substantially improved thermal and photothermal stability, as well as increased photocarrier lifetime. Solar cells fabricated with the optimal material system show an excellent photovoltaic performance, with the champion device reaching a power conversion efficiency of 21.3% and an open circuit voltage of 1.229 V.
“Lattice Strain Matching”‐Enabled Nanocomposite Design to Harness the Exceptional Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials in Bulk Forms
Authors: Zhang Junsong , Liu Yinong , Cui Lishan , Hao Shijie , Jiang Daqiang , Yu Kaiyuan , Mao Shengcheng , Ren Yang , Yang Hong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanosized materials are known to have the ability to withstand ultralarge elastic strains (4–10%) and to have ultrahigh strengths approaching their theoretical limits. However, it is a long‐standing challenge to harnessing their exceptional intrinsic mechanical properties in bulk forms. This is commonly known as “the valley of death” in nanocomposite design. In 2013, a breakthrough was made to overcome this challenge by using a martensitic phase transforming matrix to create a composite in which ultralarge elastic lattice strains up to 6.7% are achieved in Nb nanoribbons embedded in it. This breakthrough was enabled by a novel concept of phase transformation assisted lattice strain matching between the uniform ultralarge elastic strains (4–10%) of nanomaterials and the uniform crystallographic lattice distortion strains (4–10%) of the martensitic phase transformation of the matrix. This novel concept has opened new opportunities for developing materials of exceptional mechanical properties or enhanced functional properties that are not possible before. The work in progress in this research over the past six years is reported.
Outstanding Absolute Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Cross‐Linked PEDOT:PSS Film
Authors: Bora Pritom J. , Anil Amith G. , Vinoy Kalarickaparambil J. , Ramamurthy Praveen C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConducting polymer ultrathin films with high absolute electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) is highly desirable for their facile processability. The conducting polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), possesses excellent conductivity. However, a thin film of PEDOT:PSS is water soluble, making it disadvantageous for EMI shielding. Here, a cross‐linked, water‐insoluble, ultrathin film of PEDOT:PSS for EMI shielding is evaluated. A 9 ± 1 µm thick cross‐linked PEDOT:PSS film exhibits an average EMI SE of 40 dB. Standard electrodynamics simulation also confirms the experimental data. The most realistic parameter of EMI shielding for practical application is the absolute SE. The absolute SE of cross‐linked PEDOT:PSS film is obtained to be 51 480 dB cm2 g−1, highest ever reported. Mechanistically, the absorption predominant SE originates from the cross‐linking of PEDOT:PSS, resulting in a higher conductivity (769 S cm−1) and creating internal reflecting surfaces. The mechanical strength, solution processability, and outstanding absolute EMI SE make cross‐linked PEDOT:PSS film to be an attractive EMI shield for real‐time applications such as in defense arena.
External Oxidant‐Free Oxidative Tandem Cyclization: NaI‐Catalyzed Thiolation for the Synthesis of 3‐Thiosubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Yuan Bingxiang , Jiang Yong , Qi Zhenjie , Guan Xin , Wang Ting , Yan Rulong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of 3‐thiosubstituted pyrroles from homopropargylic amines and thiosulfonates via a tandem sulfenylation/cyclization has been developed. The thiosulfonates are used both as substrates and oxidants in this transformation. This procedure exhibits good functional group tolerance and a series of 3‐thiosubstituted pyrrole derivatives was obtained in moderate to good yields.magnified image
Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Bisfunctionalization of Alkenes with Diarylphosphine Oxide and Peroxide
Authors: Shen Jian , Xiao Bo , Hou Yang , Wang Xue , Li Gui‐Zhi , Chen Jin‐Chun , Wang Wei‐Li , Cheng Jian‐Bo , Yang Bin , Yang Shang‐Dong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe low‐cost cobalt(II) catalyst has been used for the first time to achieve P(O)‐radical‐mediated bisfunctionalization of alkenes with diarylphosphine oxide and peroxides. This simple process is performed under mild conditions to afford a wide variety of phosphonation‐peroxidation products in a one‐pot manner. Computational studies are carried out to provide a theoretical support for the P(O)‐radical‐involved bisfunctionalization of alkenes.magnified image
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Yesterday's Solvent, Today's Reagent
Authors: Tashrifi Zahra , Khanaposhtani Mohammad Mohammadi , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has had a long history of use as a polar solvent and active pharmaceutical ingredient in the past decades. However, in this decade DMSO has attracted the attention of scientists as a source of oxygen, carbon or sulfur in a wide range of organic reactions. In this review, we have summarized and classified the latest findings in this area based on applications of DMSO as a single or a dual synthon.magnified image
Material and Thickness Investigation in Ferromagnet/Ta/CoFeB Trilayers for Enhancement of Spin–Orbit Torque and Field‐Free Switching
Authors: Oh Young‐Wan , Ryu Jeongchun , Kang Jaimin , Park Byong‐Guk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpin–orbit torques (SOTs) in ferromagnet (FM)/Ta/CoFeB trilayers are investigated as a function of Ta thickness. When the Ta is thinner than 1.5 nm, the sign of the SOT exerting on the top perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB depends on the bottom FM layer; it is positive for NiFe and negative for CoFeB. As the Ta thickness increases, the sign becomes negative irrespective of the bottom FM, indicating that SOTs are dominated by Ta, which has a negative spin Hall angle. SOT‐induced switching without an in‐plane magnetic field is observed in the thickness ranges where the bottom FM or FM/Ta interface‐generated SOT is dominant. The results herein demonstrate that proper design of an FM/heavy metal combination and the material thickness can lead to an enhancement of the SOT efficiency and allow for field‐free SOT switching.
A Robust 2D Photo‐Electrochemical Detector Based on NiPS3 Flakes
Authors: Liu Jiefeng , Wang Yingwei , Fang Yiyun , Ge Yanqi , Li Xinzhe , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhotodetectors fabricated from very thin two‐dimensional (2D) materials with high photoelectric conversion efficiency have unprecedented potential to overcome the limitations of conventional photodetectors. In particular, recent interest in 2D metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPTs) has derived from their strong light absorption, tunable bandgap, and robust stability. Here, large and atomically thin NiPS3 flakes, prepared by electrochemical cathodic exfoliation, are used as electrodes for a self‐powered photo‐electrochemical (PEC) detector. It exhibits high photocurrent density, sensitive responsivity, cycling stability, and excellent on/off behavior under sunlight in a 0.1 m KOH solution. The KOH concentration and the external potential affect the performance, indicating that it can be an excellent PEC‐type detector. This work provides fundamental knowledge about PEC‐type MPT photodetectors and reveals the great potential of NiPS3 as an optoelectronic device.
Impact of palliative treatment on survival in sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Farber Nicole I. , Povolotskiy Roman , Bavier Richard D. , Riccardi Julia , Eloy Jean Anderson , Hsueh Wayne D. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlthough palliative care treatment modalities have been shown to improve functional outcomes and provide symptom alleviation in sinonasal cancer, its impact on survival still remains unclear. In this study we aimed to elicit the impact of different palliative therapy options on survival in a nationally representative sample of sinonasal cancer patients.MethodsNational Cancer Database 2004‐2015 data sets were queried for cases of primary sinonasal cancer (N = 380). Kaplan‐Meier analysis was utilized to determine median overall survival (M‐OS) and overall survival (OS) among the different treatment cohorts (pain management, palliative radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy, palliative surgery, and combination therapy). Prognostic factors were elicited by comparing OS by log‐rank tests and subsequent multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf the total patients of sinonasal malignancy treated with palliative therapy, most were <70 years old, had stage 4 cancer, and histology indicating squamous cell carcinoma (p < 0.05). On Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, the 1‐year OS (1Y‐OS) and M‐OS were 43.6% and 10.1 months, respectively. The 1Y‐OS and M‐OS for pain management alone were 35.3% and 4.56 months, respectively. Surgery had the highest 1Y‐OS and M‐OS, at 74.7% and 22.8 months, respectively (p = 0.002). All treatment modalities had increased 1Y‐OS compared with pain management alone. Multivariant analysis demonstrated palliative surgery to be associated with decreased risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.17‐0.63).ConclusionIn this study we identify the impact of palliative treatment modalities on survival in sinonasal cancer. Palliative surgery was shown to have the highest 1Y‐OS and M‐OS compared with other palliative treatment modalities.
Constrained Peptides with Fine‐Tuned Flexibility Inhibit NF‐Y Transcription Factor Assembly
Authors: Jeganathan Sadasivam , Wendt Mathias , Kiehstaller Sebastian , Brancaccio Diego , Kuepper Arne , Pospiech Nicole , Carotenuto Alfonso , Novellino Ettore , Hennig Sven , Grossmann Tom N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProtein complex formation depends on the interplay between preorganization and flexibility of the binding epitopes involved. The design of epitope mimetics typically focuses on stabilizing a particular bioactive conformation, often without considering conformational dynamics, which limits the potential of peptidomimetics against challenging targets such as transcription factors. We developed a peptide‐derived inhibitor of the NF‐Y transcription factor by first constraining the conformation of an epitope through hydrocarbon stapling and then fine‐tuning its flexibility. In the initial set of constrained peptides, a single non‐interacting α‐methyl group was observed to have a detrimental effect on complex stability. Biophysical characterization revealed how this methyl group affects the conformation of the peptide in its bound state. Adaption of the methylation pattern resulted in a peptide that inhibits transcription factor assembly and subsequent recruitment to the target DNA.
From Bad Electrochemical Practices to an Environmental and Waste Reducing Approach for the Generation of Active Hydrogen Evolving Electrodes
Authors: Ring Lisa , Pollet Bruno G. , Chatenet Marian , Abbou Sofyane , Küpper Karsten , Schmidt Mercedes , Huck Marten , Gries Aurelia , Steinhart Martin , Schäfer Helmut 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrodeposition of noble metals using corresponding dissolved metal salts represents an interesting process for the improvement of the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) properties of less active substrate materials. The fact that only a small fraction of the dissolved noble metals reaches the substrate represents a serious obstacle to this common procedure. We therefore chose a different path. It was found that the HER activity of Ni42 alloy drastically increased (η=140 mV at j=10 mA cm−2; pH 1) when a platinum counter electrode was used during polarization experiments in acid. This improvement was caused by a platinum transfer from the platinum anode to the steel cathode, a process which occurred simultaneously to the hydrogen evolution. The negligible accumulation of Pt (26 μg) in the electrolyte turns this straight‐forward transfer procedure into a highly cost‐effective, environmentally friendly, and waste reducing approach for the generation of cheap, stable and effective HER electrodes.