bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of anifrolumab, a fully human anti-interferon receptor antagonist antibody for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Riggs Jeffrey M , Hanna Richard N , Rajan Bhargavi , Zerrouki Kamelia , Karnell Jodi L , Sagar Divya , Vainshtein Inna , Farmer Erika , Rosenthal Kimberly , Morehouse Chris , de los Reyes Melissa , Schifferli Kevin , Liang Meina , Sanjuan Miguel A , Sims Gary P , Kolbeck Roland 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveWe investigated the mechanistic and pharmacological properties of anifrolumab, a fully human, effector-null, anti-type I interferon (IFN) alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1) monoclonal antibody in development for SLE.MethodsIFNAR1 surface expression and internalisation on human monocytes before and after exposure to anifrolumab were assessed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The effects of anifrolumab on type I IFN pathway activation were assessed using signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation, IFN-stimulated response element–luciferase reporter cell assays and type I IFN gene signature induction. The ability of anifrolumab to inhibit plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) function and plasma cell differentiation was assessed by flow cytometry and ELISA. Effector-null properties of anifrolumab were assessed in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays with B cells.ResultsAnifrolumab reduced cell surface IFNAR1 by eliciting IFNAR1 internalisation. Anifrolumab blocked type I IFN-dependent STAT1 phosphorylation and IFN-dependent signalling induced by recombinant and pDC-derived type I IFNs and serum of patients with SLE . Anifrolumab suppressed type I IFN production by blocking the type I IFN autoamplification loop and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine induction and the upregulation of costimulatory molecules on stimulated pDCs. Blockade of IFNAR1 suppressed plasma cell differentiation in pDC/B cell co-cultures. Anifrolumab did not exhibit CDC or ADCC activity.ConclusionsAnifrolumab potently inhibits type I IFN-dependent signalling, including the type I IFN autoamplification loop, and is a promising therapeutic for patients with SLE and other diseases that exhibit chronic dysfunctional type I IFN signalling.
Predicting risk of unplanned hospital readmission in survivors of critical illness: a population-level cohort study
Authors: Lone Nazir I , Lee Robert , Salisbury Lisa , Donaghy Eddie , Ramsay Pamela , Rattray Janice , Walsh Timothy S 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) survivors experience high levels of morbidity after hospital discharge and are at high risk of unplanned hospital readmission. Identifying those at highest risk before hospital discharge may allow targeting of novel risk reduction strategies. We aimed to identify risk factors for unplanned 90-day readmission, develop a risk prediction model and assess its performance to screen for ICU survivors at highest readmission risk.MethodsPopulation cohort study linking registry data for patients discharged from general ICUs in Scotland (2005–2013). Independent risk factors for 90-day readmission and discriminant ability (c-index) of groups of variables were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Derivation and validation risk prediction models were constructed using a time-based split.ResultsOf 55 975 ICU survivors, 24.1% (95%CI 23.7% to 24.4%) had unplanned 90-day readmission. Pre-existing health factors were fair discriminators of readmission (c-index 0.63, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.64) but better than acute illness factors (0.60) or demographics (0.54). In a subgroup of those with no comorbidity, acute illness factors (0.62) were better discriminators than pre-existing health factors (0.56). Overall model performance and calibration in the validation cohort was fair (0.65, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.66) but did not perform sufficiently well as a screening tool, demonstrating high false-positive/false-negative rates at clinically relevant thresholds.ConclusionsUnplanned 90-day hospital readmission is common. Pre-existing illness indices are better predictors of readmission than acute illness factors. Identifying additional patient-centred drivers of readmission may improve risk prediction models. Improved understanding of risk factors that are amenable to intervention could improve the clinical and cost-effectiveness of post-ICU care and rehabilitation.
Stratification by interferon-γ release assay level predicts risk of incident TB
Authors: Winje Brita Askeland , White Richard , Syre Heidi , Skutlaberg Dag Harald , Oftung Fredrik , Mengshoel Anne Torunn , Blix Hege Salvesen , Brantsæter Arne Broch , Holter Ellen Kristine , Handal Nina , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Afset Jan Egil , Bakken Kran Anne Marte 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionTargeted testing and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) are priorities on the global health agenda, but LTBI management remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the QuantiFERON TB-Gold (QFT) test for incident TB, focusing on the interferon (IFN)-γ level, when applied in routine practice in a low TB incidence setting.MethodsIn this large population-based prospective cohort, we linked QFT results in Norway (1 January 2009–30 June 2014) with national registry data (Norwegian Surveillance System for Infectious Diseases, Norwegian Prescription Database, Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway) to assess the prognostic value of QFT for incident TB. Participants were followed until 30 June 2016. We used restricted cubic splines to model non-linear relationships between IFN-γ levels and TB, and applied these findings to a competing risk model.ResultsThe prospective analyses included 50 389 QFT results from 44 875 individuals, of whom 257 developed TB. Overall, 22% (n=9878) of QFT results were positive. TB risk increased with the IFN-γ level until a plateau level, above which further increase was not associated with additional prognostic information. The HRs for TB were 8.8 (95% CI 4.7 to 16.5), 19.2 (95% CI 11.6 to 31.6) and 31.3 (95% CI 19.8 to 49.5) times higher with IFN-γ levels of 0.35 to <1.00, 1.00 to <4.00 and >4.00 IU/mL, respectively, compared with negative tests (<0.35 IU/mL).ConclusionsConsistently, QFT demonstrates increased risk of incident TB with rising IFN-γ concentrations, indicating that IFN-γ levels may be used to guide targeted treatment of LTBI.
QCD parameter correlations from heavy quarkonia
Authors: Narison Stephan 
Published: April 2018

Correlations between the QCD coupling [Formula: see text], the gluon condensate [Formula: see text] and the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]-quark running masses [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text]-scheme are explicitly studied (for the first time) from the (axial-)vector and (pseudo)scalar charmonium and bottomium ratios of Laplace sum rules (LSR) evaluated at the [Formula: see text]-subtraction stability point where perturbative (PT) @N2LO, N3LO and [Formula: see text] @NLO corrections are included. Our results clarify the (apparent) discrepancies between different estimates of [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] sum rule and also show the sensitivity of the sum rules on the choice of the [Formula: see text]-subtraction scale which does not permit a high-precision estimate of [Formula: see text]. We obtain from the (axial-)vector [respectively (pseudo)scalar] channels: [Formula: see text] [respectively [Formula: see text] GeV4, [Formula: see text] [respectively 1266(16)] MeV and [Formula: see text] MeV. Combined with our recent determinations from vector channel, one obtains the average: [Formula: see text] MeV and [Formula: see text] MeV. Adding the two above values of the gluon condensate to different previous estimates in Table 1, one obtains the 2018 sum rule average: [Formula: see text] GeV4. The mass-splittings [Formula: see text] give @N2LO: [Formula: see text] in good agreement with the world average.
Quantifying Controversy on Social Media
Authors: Garimella Kiran , Morales Gianmarco De Francisci , Gionis Aristides , Mathioudakis Michael 
Published: April 2018

Which topics spark the most heated debates on social media? Identifying those topics is not only interesting from a societal point of view but also allows the filtering and aggregation of social media content for disseminating news stories. In this article, we perform a systematic methodological study of controversy detection by using the content and the network structure of social media.

Unlike previous work, rather than studying controversy in a single hand-picked topic and using domain-specific knowledge, we take a general approach to study topics
in any domain
. Our approach to quantifying controversy is based on a graph-based three-stage pipeline, which involves (i) building a
conversation graph
about a topic, (ii) partitioning the conversation graph to identify potential sides of the controversy, and (iii) measuring the amount of controversy from characteristics of the graph.

We perform an extensive comparison of controversy measures, different graph-building approaches, and data sources. We use both controversial and non-controversial topics on Twitter, as well as other external datasets. We find that our new random-walk-based measure outperforms existing ones in capturing the intuitive notion of controversy and show that content features are vastly less helpful in this task.
Disruption of IFN-I Signaling Promotes HER2/Neu Tumor Progression and Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Castiello Luciano , Sestili Paola , Schiavoni Giovanna , Dattilo Rosanna , Monque Domenica M. , Ciaffoni Fiorella , Iezzi Manuela , Lamolinara Alessia , Sistigu Antonella , Moschella Federica , Pacca Anna Maria , Macchia Daniele , Ferrantini Maria , Zeuner Ann , Biffoni Mauro , Proietti Enrico , Belardelli Filippo , Aricò Eleonora 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN-I) is a class of antiviral immunomodulatory cytokines involved in many stages of tumor initiation and progression. IFN-I acts directly on tumor cells to inhibit cell growth and indirectly by activating immune cells to mount antitumor responses. To understand the role of endogenous IFN-I in spontaneous, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, we characterized tumors arising in HER2/neu transgenic (neuT) mice carrying a nonfunctional mutation in the IFNI receptor (IFNAR1). Such mice are unresponsive to this family of cytokines. Compared with parental neu+/− mice (neuT mice), IFNAR1−/− neu+/− mice (IFNAR-neuT mice) showed earlier onset and increased tumor multiplicity with marked vascularization. IFNAR-neuT tumors exhibited deregulation of genes having adverse prognostic value in breast cancer patients, including the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) marker aldehyde dehydrogenase-1A1 (ALDH1A1). An increased number of BCSCs were observed in IFNAR-neuT tumors, as assessed by ALDH1A1 enzymatic activity, clonogenic assay, and tumorigenic capacity. In vitro exposure of neuT+ mammospheres and cell lines to antibodies to IFN-I resulted in increased frequency of ALDH+ cells, suggesting that IFN-I controls stemness in tumor cells. Altogether, these results reveal a role of IFN-I in neuT-driven spontaneous carcinogenesis through intrinsic control of BCSCs. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 658–70. ©2018 AACR.
Sarcoid-Like Granulomatosis of the Lung Related to Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors: Distinct Clinical and Imaging Features of a Unique Immune-Related Adverse Event
Authors: Nishino Mizuki , Sholl Lynette M. , Awad Mark M. , Hatabu Hiroto , Armand Philippe , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
With the rapidly expanding role of immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced cancer treatment, an increasing number of new immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are being reported. The present report describes sarcoid-like granulomatosis of the lung as a distinct type of irAE with characteristic clinical, imaging, and histologic features. In patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, sarcoid-like granulomatosis of the lung presented with a focal area of consolidation in the lung, which was often nodular or round, in the absence of new or enlarging lymphadenopathy on imaging. Histologic examination demonstrated nonnecrotizing granulomas and an absence of malignant cells. The patients were free of new or worsening respiratory symptoms, despite the development of lung parenchymal consolidations. Holding the immune-checkpoint inhibitors led to the spontaneous resolution of the findings, without any specific treatment for the abnormality. Awareness of the manifestations of sarcoid-like granulomatosis of the lung as a distinct type of irAE will improve management of patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 630–5. ©2018 AACR.
Urinoir Model as A Liquid Organic Fertilizer Producer of Nitrogen, Phospate and Potassium
Authors: Ganefati Sri Puji , Sutomo Adi Heru , Iswanto Iswanto 
Published: April 2018

<p>Environment plays role as transmission media for various kinds of environmental based diseases such as Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Poliomyelitis, Measles, Hepatitis, Thypus and Herpes. This kind of disease stills a health problem for Indonesia. The mortality survey conducted in ten provinces by Sub-Directorate of ARI of the MoH of Indonesia in 2005 found that Pneumoniae as a type of ARI diseases was the greatest cause of death among infants (22.3 %) and under-five children (23.6 %), and based on Surkesnas report in 2010, the number of Thypus cases in Indonesia increased by 20.73 %. Meanwhile, among those diseases, Thypus, Hepatitis and Herpes can be transmitted by human urine, as well. On the other hand, urine can be processed becoming organic fertilizer because it consists of essential substances for plants growth, i.e. 80 % Nitrogen and Phospate and Potassium in the rest 20 %. 75 – 90 % of the Nitrogen is in form of Urea and only the small percentage of Ammonium and Creatinine. Meanwhile, 90 – 100 % of Phosphate and Sulphur are in dissolved inorganic form and can be directly absorbed by plants. The use of liquid organic fertilizer is able for improving soil fertility which is depraved due to the continuing use of chemical fertilizer. The aim of the research was to understand the influence of the use of urinoir model in various urine detention times, on the concentration of the yielded Nitrogen, Phospate and Potassium (K) by conducting an experiment which employed post-test design. The results showed that the various urinoir models (I, II dan III) had effect on the concentration of those three substances of the liquid fertilizer (p &lt; 0,001), and Model I (i.e. 5 day detention time) is found as the most appropriate urinoir model in producing the N, P an K subtances in the fertilizer.</p>
Do Males and Females Differ in Terms of Their KAP Regarding Halal Pharmaceuticals?
Authors: Sadeeqa Saleha , Sarriff Azmi 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong></strong>There is an increasing awareness amongst Muslim consumers to avoid all items containing non-Halal ingredients including medications. Male and female are different both biologically and psychologically, it therefore, needed for a study to compare KAP of males and females regarding Halal pharmaceuticals. Methods<strong>:</strong>This was a cross-sectional study using a structured , self-administered questionnaires to compare the knowledge, attitude &amp; perception regarding Halal pharmaceuticals, among males and females in Penang state of Malaysia. Results<strong> </strong>revealed that there is no significance difference in the knowledge, attitude and perception of males and females. This is concluded that males and females are equally aware and have same attitude and perception regarding Halal pharmaceuticals. P value of .05 or less was taken as statistically significant.</p>
Factors associated with Institutional delivery in Boricha district of Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gudura Tafese Tadele , Debiso Alemu Tamiso , Gudura Tariku Tadele 
Published: April 2018

<p style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Every year, 40 million women give birth at home without the help of a<br />skilled birth attendant. In 2011, 287,000 women died during pregnancy or childbirth. Almost all these deaths occur in developing countries where mothers and children lack access to basic health care. Reports showed the low utilization of health facility for delivery service in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the utilization and factors influencing institutional delivery. Community based cross sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013/14 in Boricha District of Southern Ethiopia among mothers who gave birth in the last 1 year. Multistage sampling techniques were used to collect data from 546 mothers. Taking in to account place of birth for the last child, only 4.9% women gave birth in a health facility. Women’s education level (AOR=4.4 (95% CI=1.36-14.33)), timing of firstANC visit (AOR= .03 (95% CI=0.004 - 0.205)), women’s advice to deliver in a health facility during ANC (AOR = 31.15 (95% CI=2.02-479.52)), women’s knowledge of birth related complications (AOR= 12.4 (95% CI=2.67-57.16)) and decision making power (AOR=0.2 (95% CI=0.060.82)) showed significant association with institutionional delivery. Institutional delivery in the study area was found to be very low. Raising awareness on institutional delivery to maximize delivery service utilization and strengthening provision of education and counseling to deliver in health facility during antenatal care visits at individual and community level should be given due emphasis.</p>
Patient Safety Applications for Improving Health Care Quality
Authors: Rosyidah Rosyidah , Jatmika Septian Emma Dwi 
Published: April 2018

Patient safety is the fundamental thing that needs to be taken care of by medical staff when giving healthcare to patient especially in the Emergency Installation. PKU Muhammadiyah Public Hospital at Bantul has implemented Patient safety well in providing services for patients. Expected to be a reference for other hospitals to implement Patient safety as well as efforts to improve the quality of health services, but do not close the possibility there were still some deficiencies that could be made a suggestion for the PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital. There for researchers interested to review more detail how application of Patient safetyin Emergency Installation PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Public Hospital in 2014. This research was qualitative observational study, using research subjects: The Head of the medical service, 1 Officer of Emergency Installation, the head of disaster management, 1 medical doctor, 1 nurse, and 4 patients that were taken with inclusion criteria: getting inpatient class III Hospitals in Yogyakarta, have inpatient more than 1 day.<strong> </strong>All the input items on the application of patient safety which include facilities, equipment, drugs, procedures, and activities of officers at Emergency Installation at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital, as well as the application process is in compliance with the Guidelines of Observation Guidelines Patient Safety 2008 Survey and Guidelines for Accreditation of Hospital Emergency Services Specific Guidelines (revised edition 2007), ACT No. 44 Hospital in 2009, and patient safety procedures 2008. Patient perceived output includes five dimensions of quality (Tangible, Reliable, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy) all have the same perception of good and satisfying. Application on standard input, process and output is suit with Observation Guidelines for Patient Safety 2008 Survey and Guidelines for Accreditation of Hospital Emergency Services Specific Guidelines (revised edition 2007), ACT No. 44 Hospital in 2009, and patient safety procedures 2008.
Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among Adult HIV Positive People Receiving Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis
Authors: G Yihun Tariku , Yaya Yaliso , Jerene Degu , Tamiso Alemu 
Published: April 2018

In Ethiopia, Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT) used to prevent opportunistic infections among people living with HIV is the standard of practice; however incidence of opportunistic infection and their predictors are rarely documented in the country. This was a retrospective follow up study to describe the incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections among 244 adults receiving CPT. Participants were followed for a median time of 72 weeks. During a study period a total of 53opportunistic infections were recorded; making the overall incidence rate 23.9/100 person-years. High incidence of opportunistic infections is likely to occur if: the clients were married (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.965;(95% CI: 1.109, 3.451), had history of tuberculosis treatment (AHR: 2.34(95% CI:1.05, 5.24)), patients who are indicated for CPT because of both clinical and WHO clinical staging criteria(AHR 2.418 (95% CI:1.02, 5.72 ),and had poor adherence to CPT (AHR, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.19-3.72)). Eventhough adherence is non-substitutable strategy to prevent opportunistic infection, the cohort of HIV patients failed to adhere to CPT, which in turn resulthigh incidence of opportunistic infections among them, therefore improving adherence as guideline should be a priority to prevent OIs among people living with HIV in the study region.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentration in Brain of Rat Treated with Anaerobic Exercises
Authors: Flora Rostika , Zulkarnain Muhammad , Ardi Yuliana , Sorena Esti , Wati Roslina , Wena Syokuma , Juliansyah Rahmad Aswin , Slamet Samwilson 
Published: April 2018

Anaerobic exercise is a high-intensity exercise that needs quick energy supplies obtained in a very short time. However, this exercise may result in tissue hypoxia which is characterized by the increase of HIF-1α concentration. The presence of HIF-1α will induce the secretion of VEGF and, eventually, trigger angiogenesis. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether anaerobic exercise will also cause hypoxia in which this condition will increase the concentration of VEGF in brain tissues. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of anaerobic exercise frequency towards VEGF concentration of Wistar rat brain tissues. Brain tissues were taken from rats treated with anaerobic exercise using treadmill. This exercise was given in different frequencies; one time, three times, and seven times a week. The data collected were analyzed using independent t-test. The results of this study showed that anaerobic exercise done once a week could significantly increase VEGF concentration (p &lt; 0.05) if compared with the one in control group (95.21 ± 31.99 v.s. 63.36 ± 11.01 pg/mL). Meanwhile, VEGF concentration of treatment groups given exercise three times a week (47.97 ± 10.68 pg/mL) and seven times a week (40.56 ± 13.98 pg/mL) showed a significant decrease if compared with that of control group (63.36 ± 11.01 pg/mL). Anaerobic exercise affected VEGF concentration as an indicator of angiogenesis in brain tissue of wistar rats.