bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand
Authors: CHAIPHONGPACHARA TANAWAT , LAOJUN SEDTHAPONG 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2019. Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1482-1486. This study assessed landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies in Thailand, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Musca domestica (Linnaeus) and Boettcherisca nathani (Lopes). In the wing size analysis, the centroid size (CS) was computed to estimate the wing size. During wing shape analysis, shape variables were analyzed from principal components of partial warp scores calculated after generalized procrustes analysis of coordinates. Non-parametric permutation-based tests (1000 cycles) were used (after Bonferroni correction) at p < 0.05 for statistical comparisons of sizes and shapes between males and females in each fly species. The results of this study, analysis of wing size for sexual dimorphism based on wing CS did not find statistical differences in flies of any type (p > 0.05). However, not the size, the shape of the wings is a common factor used in identification of sexual dimorphism. The wing shape in all species was different between male and female sexes. These results have shown that the GM approach was effective in identifying the sexual dimorphism of C. megacephala, M. domestica and B. nathani, which is one way to help with sex differentiation in cases of incomplete specimens that cannot be classified by morphological methods.
Enumeration of Hoya species in Mindanao Island, Philippines: Conservation concerns
Authors: OBENA REN DIVIEN R. , BUOT INOCENCIO Jr E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Obeña RDR, Buot JrIE. 2019. Enumeration of Hoya species in Mindanao Island, Philippines: Conservation concerns. Biodiversitas 20: 1699-1707. Unknown resources are difficult to utilize. Hence, an extensive study of literature was carried out to determine the Hoya species found in Mindanao, Philippines. The main purpose of the study was to know the Hoya resources in Mindanao, an area which is not exempted to extensive forest degradation. Many of these Hoya species are endemic and vulnerable to extinction. A total of 33 Hoya species which are epiphytes on trees had been recorded in Mindanao. Three species in the area were classified as endangered based on the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) list of threatened species (DAO 2007-01), while one species is classified as vulnerable based on DAO 2017-11. For the past years, forest cover in the Philippines has been continuously declining. This scenario can negatively affect the population of Hoya since the forest serves as a habitat for these species. Protection of the forest land in Mindanao can serve as a conservation strategy of the Hoya species.
Single-point Determination of Nonlinear Rheological Data from Parallel-Plate Torsional Flow
Authors: Shaw Montgomery T. , Liu Zhizhong Z. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Of the torsional drag-flow experiments, the hands-down winner for simplicity and ease of use is that using parallel-plate fixtures. This geometry is highly flexible, allowing custom modification of plate size and material, and is easily adaptable for optical use and the application of electric fields. However, its nonuniform flow is a major encumbrance for measuring nonlinear response. In 1987, Cross and Kaye offered a simple and clever solution for this problem, which essentially states that one assumes the sample is Newtonian, but the shear rate assigned to the observed “Newtonian” viscosity is 3/4ths of the rim shear rate. This shift factor arises from the use of Gaussian integration over radius of the nonlinear stress profile. Recent re-examination of the Cross-Kaye rule indicates that there may be a more accurate rule of thumb with the shift factor being 0.8 instead of 0.75 (4/5 instead of 3/4). However, for complex materials, the real question is how much useful information is covered up by this approach vs. the traditional differentiation of the integral to account for the stress profile. We have attempted to answer this question using a selection of nonlinear measurements on an AB block copolymer solution that is rheologically complex.
Durability of a Drag Reducing Solution
Authors: Mik V. , Myska J. , Chara Z. , Stern P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEffectiveness of drag reduction by small addition of a surfactant in the turbulent flow of water depends on the structure and concentration of the additive, temperature of the solution and turbulence intensity, possible flow disturbance by a mechanical obstacle and the content of ions in water, but also on the age of the surfactant solution. We show how important aging effects are in connection with total surfactant concentration, in particular how rheological parameters of the drag reducing solution change with time.
Physical Aging and Thixotropy in Sludge Rheology
Authors: Baudez J.C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sewage sludge presents a dual rheological behaviour with an abrupt change between the two regimes. Using a new technique of reconstruction of the velocity profile, the behaviour can be modelled by a unique equation including liquid and solid components but also a structural parameter. It is also rigorously demonstrated that the only one rheological behaviour in steady state in the liquid regime is a truncated power-law which can be defined only for a shear rate and a shear stress higher than a critical value, γ̇c and τc. Moreover, the critical shear rate and shear stress increase with the solid content and depend on the fractal dimension of flocs which implies that thixotropic effects are all the more important as the sludge is thick and fresh.
Shear Flow and Large Amplitude Oscillation Shear Study of Solutions of Aggregating Micellar Casein Particles
Authors: Pitkowski Anne , Nicolai Taco , Durand Dominique 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Small micellar casein particles were formed in aqueous solutions of native casein after addition of polyphosphate. These so-called submicelles aggregated and gelled with a rate that increased with increasing temperature. The evolution of the viscosity during this process was determined at constant shear rate or shear stress. When applying a small shear stress the viscosity increased strongly until the shear rate became immeasurably slow, but when the applied shear stress exceeded a critical value (σc) the aggregates broke up and the viscosity reached a maximum. At longer times the viscosity decreased rapidly at first, followed by a very slow decrease. σc was independent of the shear rate and heating temperature, but increased strongly with increasing casein concentration. At constant shear rate the stress remained close to σc, but fluctuated irregularly. After cessation of shear flow, gels were formed rapidly. Oscillation shear measurements for σ > σc showed a strongly non-linear response at the time of maximum viscosity.
The Viscosity of Extremely Low Concentrated Anionic Polyelectrolyte Solutions
Authors: Gampert Bernhard , Wilkes Christoph , Eich Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules which carry a large quantity of ionizable groups along their chains. By dissolving them in suitable solvents, for example water, these groups dissociate in highly charged macroions and an equivalent quantity of low-molecular counter ions. Through the connection between polymer and electrolyte properties this class of materials obtains its peculiar characteristic behaviour. The experiments undertaken here, were carried out using a commercial, anionic polyacrylamide with different hydrolysis factors in aqueous solutions. The reduced viscosity reaches a maximum which depends on the polymer concentration. The maximum also depends on the molar mass and is a function of the hydrolysis factor of the polymer.
Fetal cardiotocography monitoring using Legendre neural networks
Authors: Alsayyari Abdulaziz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A new technique for electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) using an efficient structure of neural networks based on the Legendre series is presented in this paper. Such a structure is achieved by training a Legendre series-based neural network (LNN) to classify the different fetal states based on recorded cardiotocographic (CTG) data sets given by others. These data sets consist of measurements of fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC). The applied LNN utilizes a Legendre series expansion for the input vectors and, hence, has the capability to produce explicit equations describing multi-input multi-output systems. Simulations of the proposed technique in EFM demonstrate its high efficiency. Training the LNN requires a few number of iterations (5–10 epochs). The applied technique makes the classification of the fetal state available through equations combining the trained LNN weights and the current measured CTG record. A comparison of performance between the proposed LNN and other popular neural network techniques such as the Volterra neural network (VNN) in EFM is provided. The comparison shows that, the LNN outperforms the VNN in case of less computational requirements and fast convergence with a lower mean square error.
Molecular and morphological reappraisal of Spyridiocolax capixabus (Spyridiaceae, Rhodophyta), a rare endemic parasite from Brazil
Authors: Chen Daniella Harumi , Soares Luanda Pereira , Fujii Mutue Toyota 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The monotypic red algal parasite genus Spyridiocolax was proposed from material from the coast of Espírito Santo to accommodate Spyridiocolax capixabus, endemic from Brazil. The species is rare, and we performed a morphological reappraisal and the first molecular characterization of S. capixabus. Parasite specimens growing on Spyridia clavata were collected in the type locality, Itaoca Beach, Espírito Santo. Spyridiocolax capixabus forms colorless warts on the branches of S. clavata, and the secondary pit connections were described for the first time. Male, female and tetrasporophytic structures were observed growing in the same host plant. The plastid rbcL sequences of parasite and host were identical. A divergence of one nucleotide was found to the nuclear SSU rRNA gene, suggesting that the parasite retains the chloroplast of its host. Both plastidial and nuclear phylogenies supported the close relationship of S. capixabus and S. clavata. The data obtained corroborate other studies with rhodophycean parasites, which show morphological and molecular similarities between parasites and hosts. To maintain the monophyly of the host genus, the transfer of S. capixabus to Spyridia is proposed here on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Our study constitutes a starting point for reinvestigating the red algal parasites in Brazil.
A step forward in identifying the right human chorionic gonadotropin assay for testicular cancer
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of germ cell tumors recommend the measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and/or free hCGβ subunit for earlier diagnosis/recognition of the residual disease, for the prognostic evaluation and for the post-chemotherapy surveillance. However, the marketed hCG assays are validated and approved only for pregnancy purposes, with the sole exception of the Elecsys ‘hCG+β’ assay (Roche Diagnostics), cleared in Europe for oncological application. Theoretically, the hCG assay design for oncological purposes should fulfil the recommendations of the International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers requiring the use of antibodies displaying an equimolar recognition of both intact hCG and hCGβ monomer. Further analytical requirements should also be considered, such as optimal analytical sensitivity to allow an early tumor detection and low cross-reactivity for luteinizing hormone (LH). For the Elecsys assay, the detection limit (0.2 U/L) and the reported cross-reactivity for LH (0.12%) may be considered adequate if compared with the recommended requirements. Another issue is the definition of decision limits for oncologic purposes. After 3 years of clinical experience using the Elecsys assay in the oncology setting, we were able to define limits partitioned by sex and age as follows: males <50 years, 0.3 U/L; males >50 years, 2.3 U/L; female <50 years, 2.1 U/L; female >50 years, 5.6 U/L. There is an urgent need to disseminate appropriate educational information and to boost the clinical use of selective, highly sensitive and precise assays, specifically manufactured for cancer application.
Least-Squares Methods for Elasticity and Stokes Equations with Weakly Imposed Symmetry
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Cai Zhiqiang , Park Eun Young 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper develops and analyzes two least-squares methods for the numerical solution
of linear elasticity and Stokes equations in both two and three dimensions.
Both approaches use the

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm to define least-squares functionals.
One is based on the stress-displacement/velocity-rotation/vorticity-pressure (SDRP/SVVP)
formulation, and the other is based on the stress-displacement/velocity-rotation/vorticity (SDR/SVV) formulation.
The introduction of the rotation/vorticity variable enables us to weakly enforce the symmetry of the stress.
It is shown that the homogeneous least-squares functionals
are elliptic and continuous in the norm of

H
⁢

(
div
;
Ω
)

{H(\mathrm{div};\Omega)}

for the stress, of

H
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{H^{1}(\Omega)}

for the
displacement/velocity, and of

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L^{2}(\Omega)}

for the rotation/vorticity and the pressure.
This immediately implies optimal error estimates in the energy norm for conforming finite element
approximations. As well, it admits optimal multigrid
solution methods if Raviart–Thomas finite element spaces are used to approximate the stress tensor.
Through a refined duality argument, an optimal

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm error estimates for the displacement/velocity
are also established.
Finally, numerical results for a Cook’s membrane problem of planar elasticity are included in order to illustrate the
robustness of our method in the incompressible limit.
Difference Schemes on Uniform Grids for an Initial-Boundary Value Problem for a Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Convection-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Shishkin Grigorii I. , Shishkina Lidia P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The convergence of difference schemes on uniform grids for an initial-boundary value problem for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation is studied; the highest x-derivative in the equation is multiplied by a perturbation parameter ε taking arbitrary values in the interval

(
0
,
1
]

{(0,1]}

.
For small ε, the problem involves a boundary layer of width

𝒪
⁢

(
ε
)

{\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon)}

, where the solution changes by a finite value, while its derivative grows unboundedly as ε tends to zero.
We construct a standard difference scheme on uniform meshes based on the classical monotone grid approximation (upwind approximation of the first-order derivatives).
Using a priori estimates, we show that such a scheme converges as

{

ε
⁢
N

}

,

N
0

→
∞

{\{\varepsilon N\},N_{0}\to\infty}

in the maximum norm with first-order accuracy in

{

ε
⁢
N

}

{\{\varepsilon N\}}

and

N
0

{N_{0}}

; as

N
,

N
0

→
∞

{N,N_{0}\to\infty}

, the convergence is conditional with respect to
N, where

N
+
1

{N+1}

and

N
0

+
1

{N_{0}+1}

are the numbers of mesh points in x and t, respectively.
We develop an improved difference scheme on uniform meshes using the grid approximation of the first x-derivative in the convective term by the central difference operator under the condition

h
≤

m
⁢
ε

{h\leq m\varepsilon}

, which ensures the monotonicity of the scheme; here m is some rather small positive constant.
It is proved that this scheme converges in the maximum norm at a rate of

𝒪
⁢

(

ε

-
2

⁢

N

-
2

+

N
0

-
1

)

{\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2}N^{-2}+N^{-1}_{0})}

.
We compare the convergence rate of the developed scheme with the known Samarskii scheme for a regular problem.
It is found that the improved scheme (for

ε
=
1

{\varepsilon=1}

), as well as the Samarskii scheme, converges in the maximum norm with second-order accuracy in
x and first-order accuracy in
t.
A glimpse of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications
Authors: Shah Tejas V. , Vasava Dilip V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past two decades, biodegradable polymers (BPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications such as drug carrier, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, medical devices, and antibacterial/antifouling biomaterials. This can be attributed to numerous factors such as chemical, mechanical and physiochemical properties of BPs, their improved processibility, functionality and sensitivity towards stimuli. The present review intended to highlight main results of research on advances and improvements in terms of synthesis, physical properties, stimuli response, and/or applicability of biodegradable plastics (BPs) during last two decades, and its biomedical applications. Recent literature relevant to this study has been cited and their developing trends and challenges of BPs have also been discussed.
Maximal subalgebras of finite-dimensional algebras
Authors: Iovanov Miodrag Cristian , Sistko Alexander Harris 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study maximal associative subalgebras of an arbitrary finite-dimensional associative algebra B over a field

𝕂

{\mathbb{K}}

and obtain full classification/description results of such algebras.
This is done by first obtaining a complete classification in the semisimple case and then lifting to non-semisimple algebras.
The results are sharpest in the case of algebraically closed fields and take special forms for algebras presented by quivers with relations.
We also relate representation theoretic properties of the algebra and its maximal and other subalgebras and provide a series of embeddings between quivers, incidence algebras and other structures which relate indecomposable representations of algebras and some subalgebras via induction/restriction functors.
Some results in literature are also re-derived as a particular case, and other applications are given.
#MeToo: A tentacular movement of positionality and legal powers
Authors: Marusek Sarah , Wagner Anne 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Kraken theory aims at showing that legal theory and practice are not built as a single block, but are more a kind of tentacular movement of positionality and legal powers, offering competing theoretical and practical angles from which Kraken and Octopus can choose their distinctive moves to act for and/or against #MeToo. It shows how these varieties of rumors are distributed in #MeToo, when they may scrutinize their next strategic moves (be it at the surface or for purposes of defamation), and why the mechanism of distinctiveness inherent in this hashtag is explored within the spatio-temporal perspectives of U.S.A. and France.
Selective receptor-mediated impairment of growth factor activity in neonatal- and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients
Authors: Al-Essa Mazen , Dhaunsi Gursev S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (n-ALD) and X-linked ALD (X-ALD) patients present with demyelination, poor growth and progressive mental retardation. Growth factors are known to play a vital role in the development of children.

Objective
To examine the mitogenic activity of various growth factors in skin fibroblasts from n-ALD and X-ALD patients.

Methods
Skin fibroblast cultures from n-ALD and X-ALD patients, and controls were treated with 50 ng/mL of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to examine DNA synthesis by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Expression of receptors for PDGF, bFGF and IGF-1 was measured by western blotting. Serum levels of IGF-1 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Fibroblasts from n-ALD and X-ALD patients had significantly (p < 0.01) less BrdU incorporation in response to fetal bovine serum (FBS). The mitogenic effect of PDGF, bFGF and IGF-1 was significantly lower in n-ALD as compared to control and X-ALD cells. X-ALD cells showed significant impairment in IGF-1-induced DNA synthesis. Expression of the FGF receptor (FGF-R) was significantly reduced in n-ALD cells. PDGF receptor remained unaffected, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in n-ALD and X-ALD patients as compared to controls.

Conclusions
Growth factor activity differs in n-ALD and X-ALD patients, with marked impairment of IGF-1 function through receptor down-regulation.
Idioms: The type-sensitive storage model
Authors: Horvath Julia , Siloni Tal 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Idiom surveys conducted on both English and Hebrew motivate a distinction between phrasal idioms, which are headed by a lexical head, and clausal idioms, which involve sentential functional material. The surveys show that these two types of idioms have different patterns of distribution across diathesis alternations. A verbal passive phrasal idiom necessarily shares its idiomatic meaning with the corresponding transitive, while the unaccusative, adjectival passive and transitive can head their own phrasal idioms. This behavior of phrasal idioms contrasts with the strong tendency of clausal idioms to be specific to a single diathesis. The Type-Sensitive Storage (TSS) model, which we propose, accounts for these findings, by motivating a different storage (lexical listing) strategy for each idiom-type. Phrasal idioms are argued to be stored as subentries, while clausal idioms are independent entries. Assuming the verbal passive is derived post-lexically, thus lacking its own lexical entry, the model explains why it cannot host idiomatic meanings specific to it. In contrast, the adjectival passive, unaccusative and transitive have their own lexical entries under the model, and thus can have their own idiomatic meanings. Clausal idioms are stored as independent entries, and therefore their storage does not depend on the existence of other lexical entries.
Extension of complete monotonicity results involving the digamma function
Authors: Nantomah Kwara 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
By using some analytical techniques, we prove a complete monotonicity property of a certain function involving the (p, k)-digamma function. Subsequently, we derive some inequalities for the (p, k)- digamma function. As special cases of the established results, we deduce some new results concerning the p-digamma and the k-digamma functions. Our results are extensions of some previous results due to Qiu and Vuorinen, Mortici, and Merovci.
Strafzumessung und Medienberichterstattung
Authors: Hoven Elisa 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie deutsche Justiz wird in der öffentlichen Diskussion mit einer gewissen Regelmäßigkeit als »zu milde« oder »zu täterfreundlich« kritisiert. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Menschen bezieht ihre Informationen über Urteile und Strafzumessung allein aus den Medien. Der Beitrag untersucht daher, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen in den Medien kommunizierte Strafurteile als unangemessen niedrig empfunden werden. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie präsentiert, in deren Rahmen knapp 800 Studierende verschiedener Fachbereiche auf Grundlage von Medienberichten eine Strafzumessungsentscheidung getroffen haben.