bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemplating the Monad Who Saves Us: Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus on Divine Simplicity
Authors: Daley Brian E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDaley explores divine simplicity according to Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus, grounding his account in their classical philosophical antecedents. He notes that often we think of the sixth and seventh centuries as devoted to questions about Jesus Christ, not about God per se. Admittedly, the aftermath of the Council of Chalcedon produced ongoing controversy in the East regarding the unity of the two natures of Christ, for example, whether Christ had one operation or two. Maximus, a follower of Patriarch Sophronius of Jerusalem, became embroiled in controversy through his firm rejection of the effort by Emperor Heraclius and Patriarch Sergius of Constantinople to unite the churches in the East by holding solely to a single activity and a single will in Christ. Maximus’s position won out at the Third Council of Constantinople (680‐1). Daley draws attention here, however, to the relationship of these Christological debates to the understanding of God, and especially what it means to speak of the “divine nature” and the “divine will.” This topic required of Christian thinkers not merely philosophical reflection but also Trinitarian reflection. Daley’s point is that it well behooves us to look closely into what Maximus and John of Damascus have to say about divine simplicity, in light of the more central controversies in which these Church Fathers were engaged.
Gut‐derived short‐chain fatty acids: A friend or foe for hepatic lipid metabolism?
Authors: Chambers E. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article describes how a British Nutrition Foundation Drummond Pump Priming Award was used to develop in vivo proof of concept for increasing colonic propionate as a therapeutic strategy to reduce liver fat in adults with non‐alcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). An overview of how the gut‐derived short‐chain fatty acids propionate and acetate are taken up and metabolised by the liver is provided, as well as a summary of how acetate may have contrasting effects on hepatic lipid content depending on the metabolic health of the individual. Finally, the article proposes that raising colonic propionate production could interfere with hepatic acetate metabolism and have positive effects on liver fat accumulation in individuals with NAFLD.
Prokinetic effects of spinal cord stimulation and its autonomic mechanisms in dogs
Authors: Zhang Bo , Ji Feng , Tu Lei , Yang Yi , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is widely used to treat chronic pain by inhibiting sympathetic activity; however, it is unknown whether it exerts a prokinetic effect on gastric motility. Our aim was to explore effects and possible mechanisms of SCS on glucagon‐induced gastric dysmotility and dysrhythmia.MethodsSeven female dogs with electrodes chronically placed on the dorsal column of the spinal cord between T10 and T12 segments were studied in 2 randomized sessions (glucagon + sham‐SCS, glucagon + SCS). SCS at T10 using a set of optimized stimulation parameters was performed for 30 minute immediately after glucagon injection. The antral manometry, electrogastrogram, and electrocardiogram were recorded to assess gastric contractions, gastric slow waves (GSW), and autonomic functions, respectively.Key Results(a) Compared to baseline, glucagon decreased antral motility index (MI) (6315 ± 565 vs 3243 ± 775,P < 0.001), reduced the percentage of normal GSW (89 ± 3% vs 58 ± 3%,P < 0.01), and increased sympathetic activity (0.25 ± 0 0.06 vs 0.60 ± 0.07,P < 0.01). (b) The sympathetic activity was negatively correlated with antral MI (r = −0.558;P < 0.01) and the percentage of gastric normal slow wave (r = −0.616;P < 0.01). (c) SCS prevented the glucagon‐induced impairment in antral hypomotility (MI: 5770 ± 927 vs 5521 ± 1238,P > 0.05) and GSW abnormalities (% of normal waves: 84 ± 4% vs 79 ± 6%,P > 0.05) and sympathetic activity (0.27 ± 0.03 vs 0.33 ± 0.07,P > 0.05).ConclusionSpinal cord stimulation dramatically improves glucagon‐induced impairment in gastric contractions and slow waves by inhibiting sympathetic activity.
Arts engagement and self‐esteem in children: results from a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Mak Hei Wan , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelf‐esteem is regarded as vital to children's social and cognitive development and emotional well‐being. To date, a few studies have suggested that arts activities can improve self‐esteem in young people. However, such studies mainly focused on small, nonrepresentative samples. In this study, data from 6209 children included in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study were analyzed using propensity score matching to investigate the association between children's arts engagement ((1) listening to or playing music; (2) drawing, painting, or making things; and (3) reading for enjoyment) and self‐esteem at age 11. All three activities were associated with higher levels of self‐esteem when matching for all identified demographic, socioeconomic, and familial confounders. Additionally, the relationship was more prominent when children engaged in these activities with their parents on a regular basis. However, there was no clear evidence that ability in either music or arts activities moderated the relationship with self‐esteem, although English language ability may moderate the association between reading and self‐esteem. These results suggest that initiatives to promote arts engagement in children may provide a practical and efficient way to improve children's self‐esteem. This is the key given self‐esteem in childhood tends to decline as children enter adolescence, yet is linked to lifelong development and well‐being.
Personality‐obesity associations are driven by narrow traits: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vainik Uku , Dagher Alain , Realo Anu , Colodro‐Conde Lucía , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Jang Kerry , Juko Ando , Kandler Christian , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Mõttus René 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObesity has inconsistent associations with broad personality domains, possibly because the links pertain to only some facets of these domains. Collating published and unpublished studies (N = 14 848), we meta‐analysed the associations between body mass index (BMI) and Five‐Factor Model personality domains as well as 30 Five‐Factor Model personality facets. At the domain level, BMI had a positive association with Neuroticism and a negative association with Conscientiousness domains. At the facet level, we found associations between BMI and 15 facets from all five personality domains, with only some Neuroticism and Conscientiousness facets among them. Certain personality‐BMI associations were moderated by sample properties, such as proportions of women or participants with obesity; these moderation effects were replicated in the individual‐level analysis. Finally, facet‐based personality “risk” scores accounted for 2.3% of variance in BMI in a separate sample of individuals (N = 3569), 409% more than domain‐based scores. Taken together, personality‐BMI associations are facet specific, and delineating them may help to explain obesity‐related behaviours and inform intervention designs. Preprint and data are available athttps://psyarxiv.com/z35vn/.
Aquaporins influence seed dormancy and germination in response to stress
Authors: Footitt Steven , Clewes Rachel , Feeney Mistianne , Finch‐Savage William E. , Frigerio Lorenzo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAquaporins influence water flow in plants, yet little is known of their involvement in the water‐driven process of seed germination. We therefore investigated their role in seeds in the laboratory and under field and global warming conditions. We mapped the expression of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) during dormancy cycling and during germination under normal and water stress conditions. We found that the two key tonoplast aquaporins, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2, which have previously been implicated in water or solute transport, respectively, act antagonistically to modulate the response to abscisic acid, with TIP3;1 being a positive and TIP3;2 a negative regulator. A third isoform, TIP4;1, which is normally expressed upon completion of germination, was found to play an earlier role during water stress. Seed TIPs also contribute to the regulation of depth of primary dormancy and differences in the induction of secondary dormancy during dormancy cycling. Protein and gene expression during annual cycling under field conditions and a global warming scenario further illustrate this role. We propose that the different responses of the seed TIP contribute to mechanisms that influence dormancy status and the timing of germination under variable soil conditions.
Atenolol as an alternative to propranolol for the management of sleep disturbances in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Gumina Megan E. , Yan Albert C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas are the most common tumors of infancy and are often managed with oral beta‐blockers to address or prevent associated complications. However, treatment with propranolol can occasionally be associated with sleep disturbances, which in some cases are severe enough to warrant discontinuation or replacement with another agent. We herein report four cases in which treatment with propranolol resulted in significant sleep disturbances prompting substitution with atenolol, which in some cases resolved these issues.
Sodium hypochlorite body wash in the management of Staphylococcus aureus–colonized moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in infants, children, and adolescents
Authors: Majewski Sara , Bhattacharya Tanya , Asztalos Manuela , Bohaty Benjamin , Durham Katherine C. , West Dennis P. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesA cleansing body wash containing diluted sodium hypochlorite (0.006% NaOCl) was evaluated for management of moderate‐to‐severe Staphylococcus aureus–colonized, atopic dermatitis in children.MethodsA 6‐week, prospective, open‐label study was conducted with 50 evaluable participants (ages 6 months to 17 years) who had moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis with S aureus skin colonization documented by culture. Participants were instructed to continue using their current medications while using the study product, 0.006% NaOCl body wash, once daily to affected areas for 6 weeks. Primary outcome measures were Investigator's Global Assessment, Eczema Area and Severity Index, and Body Surface Area scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Visual Analog Scale for pruritus, Family Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire for Problem Areas. A subject daily diary and a six‐item subject questionnaire that provided information on preferences for bleach bath vs body wash were secondary outcome measures.ResultsDaily use of the 0.006% NaOCl body wash led to improvement for all outcome measures comparing baseline to 2‐week and to 6‐week evaluations. Of the 50 skin S aureus‐positive subjects, 32/50 (64%) were still positive at 2 weeks. A 36.5% decrease in subject's daily record of topical corticosteroid application at end of study compared to baseline was found. Participant surveys indicated preferences for the body wash over bleach baths.ConclusionsSodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) body wash improved all outcome measures for moderate‐to‐severe S aureus–colonized AD in infants, children, and adolescents. The limited reduction in S aureus further suggests that sodium hypochlorite has ameliorative effects other than antimicrobial actions.
Wind(ow) of Change: A Systematic Review of Policy Entrepreneurship Characteristics and Strategies
Authors: Frisch Aviram Neomi , Cohen Nissim , Beeri Itai 
Published: April 2019

What lessons can we learn from 40 years of policy entrepreneurship scholarship on policy entrepreneurs’ strategies and defining characteristics? While scholars have offered important insights, many questions remain open. This article systematically reviews 229 articles that were published between 1984 and 2017. Our findings provide (i) an analysis of policy entrepreneurship characteristics by sector, policy domain, individual/group, government layer, and geographical spread, (ii) an empirically based identification and classification of policy entrepreneurship strategies, and (iii) a statistical analysis of the relationship between policy entrepreneurs’ characteristics and strategies. We conclude with an agenda for future studies that will continue to examine new theoretical approaches that advance our understanding of the role that individuals and small groups play in the policy process.
Association of multiple candidate genes with mild cognitive impairment in an elderly Chinese Uygur population in Xinjiang
Authors: Zou Ting , Chen Wei , Zhou Xiaohui , Duan Yali , Ying Xiuru , Liu Guili , Zhu Meisheng , Pari Abuliz , Alimu Kader , Miao Haijun , Kabinur Keyim , Zhang Lei , Wang Qinwen , Duan Shiwei 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a high‐risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated the association of genetic polymorphisms of five genes (8‐oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), sortilin‐related receptor 1 (SORL1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2) and nerve growth factor (NGF)) with MCI risk in a Xinjiang Uygur population. We also tested the relationship between the promoter methylation of genes OGG1 and dihydrolipoamide S‐succinyltransferase (DLST) with MCI.MethodsThis study involved 43 MCI patients and 125 controls. Genotyping was done by Sanger sequencing. DNA methylation assays used quantitative methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe found that polymorphisms of five genes and the methylation of DLST and OGG1 genes were not associated with MCI (P > 0.05). Further subgroup analysis found that DLST hypomethylation was significantly associated with MCI in the carriers of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 (P = 0.042). In the carriers of non‐APOE ε4, DLST methylation levels were significantly lower in the male control group than in the female control group (p = 0.04). Meanwhile, among the non‐APOE ε4 carriers younger than 75, OGG1 hypermethylation levels were significantly associated with MCI (P = 0.049). DLST methylation in female controls was significantly lower than that in male controls (P = 0.003). According to gender stratification, there was a significant positive correlation of fasting plasma glucose (FBG) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) with OGG1 methylation in the female controls (FBG: P = 0.024; HDL: P = 0.033). There was a significant inverse correlation between low‐density lipoprotein and DLST methylation in male MCI (P = 0.033). There was a significant positive correlation between HDL and DLST methylation levels in the female controls (P = 0.000).ConclusionsThis study was the first to discover that DLST promoter methylation interacted with APOE ε4 and thus affected the pathogenesis of MCI. In addition, OGG1 promoter methylation interacted with several other factors to increase the risk of MCI.
Emerging respiratory infections threatening public health in the Asia‐Pacific region: A position paper of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology
Authors: Park Sunghoon , Park Ji Young , Song Yuanlin , How Soon Hin , Jung Ki‐Suck ,   on behalf of the Respiratory Infections Assembly of the APSR
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn past decades, we have seen several epidemics of respiratory infections from newly emerging viruses, most of which originated in animals. These emerging infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) and the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and avian influenza (AI) viruses, have seriously threatened global health and the economy. In particular, MERS‐CoV and AI A(H7N9) are still causing infections in several areas, and some clustering of cases of A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) may imply future possible pandemics. Additionally, given the inappropriate use of antibiotics and international travel, the spread of carbapenem‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria is also a significant concern. These infections with epidemic or pandemic potential present a persistent threat to public health and a huge burden on healthcare services in the Asia‐Pacific region. Therefore, to enable efficient infection prevention and control, more effective international surveillance and collaboration systems, in the context of the ‘One Health’ approach, are necessary.
Starting work as a doctor: challenge is essential
Authors: Williams Dougal , Ledger Alison 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrevious research on the transition from student to doctor has indicated that new doctors are ‘ill prepared’ to start work. Subsequent efforts to improve preparation in the UK have involved increasing practical experience for final‐year students through an assistantship period. This study further explored new doctors’ experiences of transition in light of recent critiques of preparedness and the first author's own experience of the transition.MethodsA total of 11 Foundation Year 1 (FY1) doctors from West Yorkshire were recruited via e‐mail and snowballing methods. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed thematically, drawing on the knowledge and experience of the authors as a resource.FindingsThe interviews told a story of new doctors learning through challenge. Challenges were contextual, often occurring out of hours when new doctors were working more independently. These challenges were experienced as stressful at the time, but were also deemed to be necessary for personal and professional development. When aligned with the new doctor's starting job, assistantship was found to be helpful to new doctors becoming familiar with the new work environment and clinical staff; however, assistantship did not provide all of the solutions for the transition, as FY1s will always encounter challenges during this period.… interviews told a story of new doctors learning through challenge… challenges were experienced as stressful at the time, but were also deemed to be necessary for personal and professional development… assistantship was found to be helpful … [but] did not provide all of the solutionsConclusionThe transition will always be difficult and new doctors cannot be fully ‘prepared’ for it. Doctors will not be able to encounter every clinical scenario before starting work, and supported practice is necessary and inevitable. Although assistantship interventions are helpful, there should be equal emphasis on developing effective clinical supervision and addressing barriers to new doctors taking on challenges.Doctors will not be able to encounter every clinical scenario before starting work
A natural long‐term annealing experiment for the zircon fission track system in the Songpan‐Garzê flysch, China
Authors: Rahn Meinert , Wang Hejing , Dunkl István 
Published: April 2019

AbstractApplication of the zircon fission track (FT) method to derive reliable cooling histories requires that rocks have undergone temperatures sufficient to reach full resetting prior to cooling. Zircons commonly show significant variation in accumulated radiation damage and therefore FT annealing behaviour. Twenty‐eight samples of mainly anchizonal to lowermost greenschist facies Triassic sandstones from the Songpan‐Garzê flysch, China, were evaluated for their FT annealing status. Literature data suggest a heating period in the range of 100 myr duration. Our results define a temperature range for partial FT annealing of 270–350°C (based on illite crystallinity data), higher than the proposed range for radiation‐damaged zircons. We suggest that the long residence at high temperature has led to annealing of relevant parts of radiation damage along with FT annealing, so that even for long durations of FT annealing, full resetting requires temperatures in the range of greenschist facies conditions typical for zero‐damage zircons.
Postmortem evaluation of renal tubular vacuolization in critically ill dogs
Authors: Schmid Sarah M. , Cianciolo Rachel E. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Sanchez Melissa , Price Josh M. , King Lesley G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the frequency of renal tubular vacuolization (RTV) as a surrogate of osmotic nephrosis and assess hyperosmolar agents as predictors of RTV severity.DesignRetrospective study (February 2004–October 2014).SettingVeterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsFifty‐three client‐owned, critically ill dogs that had a postmortem examination.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe frequency, severity, and location of RTV were determined in small group of critically ill dogs postmortem. Logistic regression was performed to assess cumulative 6% HES (670/0.75) and mannitol dose as predictors for RTV severity with presenting serum creatinine concentration, cumulative furosemide dose, and duration of hospitalization as covariates. RTV was noted in 45 (85%) of 53 critically ill dogs and was most commonly located to the medullary rays (68%). Cumulative 6% HES (670/0.75) dose (P = 0.009) and presenting serum creatinine concentration (P = 0.027) were significant predictors of RTV severity. For every 1 mL/kg increase in 6% HES (670/0.75) dose that a dog received, there was 1.6% increased chance of having more severe RTV (OR 1.016; 95% CI 1.004–1.029). In addition, for every 88.4 μmol/L (1 mg/dL) increase in presenting serum creatinine, there was a 22.7% increased chance of having more severe RTV (OR 1.227; 95% CI 1.023–1.472). Cumulative mannitol (P = 0.548) and furosemide (P = 0.136) doses were not significant predictors of RTV severity.ConclusionIn a small group of critically ill dogs, there was a high frequency of RTV identified on postmortem examination. Administration of 6% HES (670/0.75) and presenting serum creatinine concentration were significant predictors of RTV severity. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the etiology and significance of RTV in dogs.
Trisomy 21 in both fetuses in a DCDA twin pregnancy
Authors: Ong Jiawen , Gosavi Arundhati , Biswas Arijit , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: April 2019

A woman’s chances of having a child with Down syndrome increases with age. By age 40, the risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome is about 1 in 100. We report a rare case of dizygotic dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy conceived via in vitro fertilisation, with both twins having trisomy 21. Both fetuses were independently detected to be at high risk of autosomal trisomy, initially via first-trimester screening and subsequently via invasive definitive diagnostic tests (ie, chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis).Diagnosis of trisomy 21 has to be made via initial non-invasive prenatal screening, followed by further rigorous and accurate invasive pregnancy testing for confirmation. The gravity of the results necessitates high detection rates and high specificity of prenatal screening tests. Management of the patient must be multidisciplinary and supportive in nature, involving extensive and non-directive pregnancy counselling and management, genetic counselling and management of psychological distress.