bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Effort-Avoidance in Patients with Schizophrenia Can Reflect Amotivation: An event-related potential Study
Authors: Lin YX , Zhang LiJun , Ying Liang , zhou qiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Amotivation is regarded as a core negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia. There are currently no objective methods for assessing and measuring amotivation in the scientific literature, only a trend towards assessing motivation using effort-orientated, decision-making tasks. However, it remains inconclusive as to whether cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect their amotivation. Therefore, this study aimed to find out whether cognitive effort-avoidance in patients with schizophrenia can reflect their amotivation.
Methods: In total, 28 patients with schizophrenia and 27 healthy controls were selected as participants. The demand selection task (DST) was adapted according to the feedback-based Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) delayed response paradigm, which was combined with the mean amplitude of contingent negative variation (CNV), considered as the criterion of motivation.
Results: Our results showed that: (1) patients with schizophrenia showed a lower CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli, whereas the control group showed the opposite trend (P<0.05); (2) among patients with schizophrenia, the high cognitive effort-avoidance group showed a smaller CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli, whereas the low cognitive effort avoidance group showed a higher CNV amplitude for the target stimuli compared to the probe stimuli; the opposite trend was observed in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: These findings support the claim that CNV amplitude can be used as a criterion for detecting amotivation in patients with schizophrenia. Within the context of the DST, the high and low cognitive effort-avoidance of patients with schizophrenia can reflect their state of amotivation; patients with high cognitive effort-avoidance showed severe amotivation.
Effects of nitrogen deposition and phosphorus addition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata)
Authors: Lin Chuyu , Wang Yaoxiong , Liu Meihua , Li Quan , Xiao Wenfa , Song Xinzhang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Nitrogen (N) deposition is a key factor that affects terrestrial biogeochemical cycles with a growing trend, especially in the southeast region of China, where shortage of available phosphorus (P) is particularly acute and P has become a major factor limiting plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiosis with plants, and play an important role in enhancing plant stress resistance. However, the response of AMF to the combined effects of N deposition and P additions is poorly understood.

Results

Our results showed that N deposition significantly increased AMF root colonization rates and spore density, but inhibited both symbiotic relationship and spore propagation. In N-free plots, P addition significantly increased AMF root colonization rates, but did not significantly alter spore density. In low-N plots, AMF root colonization rates significantly decreased under low P addition, but significantly increased under high P addition, and spore density exhibited a significant decline under both low and high P additions. In high-N plots, AMF root colonization rates and spore density significantly increased under P additions. In general, AMF were closely related to the relative content of N and P in the soil. Interactive effects of simulated N deposition and P addition on both AMF root colonization rates and spore density were significant. AMF root colonization rates were significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture.

Conclusions

Moderate N deposition or P addition can weaken the symbiotic relationship between plants and AMF, significantly reducing AMF colonization rates and inhibiting spore propagation. However, a moderate addition of P greatly enhances spore yield. Soil moisture content is the main factor regulating AMF colonization rates. In the case of interactive effects, the AMF colonization rates and spore density are affected by the relative content of N and P in the soil.
Silicon application and related changes in soil bacterial community dynamics reduced ginseng black spot incidence in Panax ginseng in a short-term study
Authors: Li Meijia , Zhang Yayu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background This study analyzed the effect of silicon (Si) application on the occurrence of ginseng black spot caused by Alternaria panax. We explored the differences in soil physical and chemical factors and microbial community structure following Si application as well as the key factors that affected the occurrence of ginseng black spot in soil. Potted Panax ginseng plants were used to assess the effect of Si treatment on ginseng black spot. Plants were grown under four kinds of treatment: (1) control (no inoculations), (2) inoculation with A. panax, (3) inoculation wit Si, and (4) inoculation with A. panax + Si, with 18 plants (3 pots) per treatment. Soil physical and chemical properties were comprehensively analyzed. Bacterial communities were analyzed using Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Using micro-ecological regulation measures, we developed a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of ginseng black spot.
Results After inoculation with A. panax, the morbidity (and morbidity index) of ginseng with and without Si was 52% (46) and 83% (77), respectively. Soil physical and chemical analysis showed that under the ginseng black spot inoculation, bacterial communities were mainly affected by pH and available potassium, followed by ammonium nitrogen and available Si. NMDS and PLS-DA analyses and the heat maps of relative abundance revealed that Si application elevated the resistance of ginseng black spot as regulated by the abundance and diversity of bacterial flora in rhizosphere soils. Heatmap analysis at the genus level revealed that A. panax + Si inoculations significantly increased the soil community abundance of Sandaracinus, Polycyclovorans, Hirschia, Haliangium, Nitrospira, Saccharothrix, Aeromicrobium, Luteimonas, and Rubellimicrobium and led to a bacterial community structure with relative abundances that were significantly similar to that of untreated soil.
Conclusions Si alleviated the incidence of ginseng black spot by directly and indirectly affecting the structure and diversity of the soil microbial community. Short-term Si application also significantly regulated the structural impact on soil microorganisms caused by ginseng black spot. Our findings indicated that Si applications may possibly be used in the prevention and treatment of ginseng black spot.
Impacts of perceived environmental pollution on urban and rural residents’ health - China national study
Authors: Yang Ting 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The emergence of a quantity of mega cities accompanying China’s economic boom has led to enormous increases in resource consumption and a variety of pollution especially emissions of air pollutants. Pressure-based government assessment mechanism is the driving force for the transfer of environmental pollution from urban to rural areas. Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for the data analyses based on a national survey The 3rd Survey on the Status of Chinese Women in 2010 jointly conducted by the All China Women's Federation and the China Statistical Bureau in 2010 and 24741 samples were selected. Results: Among urban residents, 67.21% of them reported their total health was good, 1.35% lower than the rate of rural counterparts; 25.88% reported their total health was general, nearly 3% higher than the rate of rural counterparts; 6.91% reported their total health was poor, 1.63% lower than the rate of rural counterparts. The study also found the rate of urban residents perceiving air pollution (35.67%), water pollution (17.96%), garbage pollution (25.05%), noise pollution (32.05%) was higher than that of rural counterparts, respectively. Perceived air, garbage and noise pollution all had a significantly negative impact on urban residents’ health while none of perceived pollution had a significant impact on rural residents’ health. Conclusions: Rural residents perceived little about impacts of environmental pollution on health, which may create risks and vulnerability of the rural environment and the livelihood of these residents. Great attention should be paid to the impacts of environmental pollution on health for not only urban residents but also rural residents, which will highly improve the support of “green development” among the public in China.
Determinants of fully immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia. Further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographics Health Survey
Authors: Asresie Melash Belachew 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Back ground: Immunization has become the most effective public health measure for the control vaccine preventable disease. It can avert 2 to 3 million children deaths annually. Eighty eight percent of under one year children received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis in 2015, however still an estimated 19.4 million infants worldwide missed out on basic vaccines. This analysis aims to identify determinant factors for fully immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia.
Methods: The analysis done based on 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey. Total of 2004 children aged 12-23 months recruited for this analysis. Descriptive analysis done to characterize the study participants. In addition, binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis done to identify determinants of fully immunization among children. All analysis was done using STATA.
Result: Fully immunization coverage among children was positively associated with children of mothers had primary (AOR=1.73,95%CI:1.13,2.65) and secondary (AOR=2.79,95%CI:1.11,7.02) education level, at least one ANC visit (AOR=2.28,95%CI:1.47,3.52), live in Dire Dewa city administration (AOR=2.45,95%CI:1.10,5.
Identification of tRFs and phasiRNAs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and their responses to exogenous abscisic acid
Authors: Luan Wei , Dai Ya , Li Xin-Yu , Wang Yan , Tao Xiang , Li Cai-Xia , Mao Ping , Ma Xin-Rong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The non-coding small RNA tRFs (tRNA-derived fragments) and phasiRNAs (plant-specific) exert important roles in plant growth, development and stress resistances. However, whether the tRFs and phasiRNAs respond to the plant important stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) remain enigma.
Results: Here, the RNA-sequencing was implemented to decipher the landscape of tRFs and phasiRNAs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves and their responses when foliar spraying exogenous ABA after 24 hrs. In total, 733 tRFs and 137 phasiRNAs were detected. The tRFs were mainly derived from the tRNAAla transporting alanine, which tended to be cleaved at the 5，terminal guanine site and D loop uracil site to produce tRFAla with length of 20 nt. Most of phasiRNAs originated from NBS-LRR resistance genes. Expression analysis revealed that 156 tRFs and 68 phasiRNAs expressed differentially, respectively. Generally, exogenous ABA mainly inhibited the expression of tRFs and phasiRNAs. Furthermore, integrating analysis of target gene prediction and transcriptome data presented that ABA significantly downregulated the abundance of phsaiRNAs associated with biological and abiotic resistances. Correspondingly, their target genes such as AP2/ERF, WRKY and NBS-LRR, STK and RLK, were mainly up-regulated.
Conclusions: Combined with the previous analysis of ABA-response miRNAs, it was speculated that ABA can improve the plant resistances to various stresses by regulating the expression and interaction of small RNAs (such as miRNAs, tRFs, phasiRNAs) and their target genes. This study enriches the plant tRFs and phasiRNAs, providing a vital basis for further investigating ABA response- tRFs and phasiRNAs and their functions in biotic and abiotic stresses.
Dental service mix alterations following payment method change
Authors: Emrani Reza , Sargeran Katayoun , Grytten Jostein Ivar , Hessari Hossein 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction:
The number of dental services provided is related to the type of services needed by a population, and treatment decision making by dentists. This descriptive study aimed to compare the dental service mix in two different payment systems salary and fee for service (FFS).
Methods:
The dental records of a long-established dental clinic in Tehran were reviewed. Treatment performed, during October 2008 and October 2009, by 12 dentists, four dentists worked in both payment method periods, four of them worked only in salary and four of them worked in FFS period.
The type of treatment provided was divided into four groups.Practices without treatment (visits, diagnostic radiography, referrals)
Practices included preventive treatments (simple restorations, scaling)
Practices included aggressive treatments (RCT, extraction, crown)
Practices included highly aggressive procedure (surgery)

Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyse data.
Results: Preventive dental services (simple restorations, scaling) and practices without treatment (visits, diagnostic radiography, referrals) decreased, and practices included aggressive treatments (RCT, extraction, crown) practices included highly aggressive procedure (surgery) increased from salary to FFS period. The total activities of dentist increased from 1209 in salary group to 1534 in the FFS group. These differences were significant (p=0.05).
Conclusions:
According to our results, in a salary system, the dentist was more likely to refer and perform preventive treatments, while, in the FFS payment system, the dentists choose more aggressive treatments. Payment method may change dental service mix.
Effects of ambient temperature and air pollutants on bacillary dysentery from 2014 to 2017 in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Han Xiaoli , Zhang Wei , Cui Xudong , Ma Hanping , Liu Yanchen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Xiangkai , Li Sheng , Ren Xiaowei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have always focused on the impact of various meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery (BD). However, only few studies have investigated the effects of climate and air pollutants on BD incidence simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and air pollutants on BD in Lanzhou. Methods: Daily data of BD cases and environmental factors from 2014 to 2017 were collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted to explore the relationship between environmental factors and BD. Then a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was developed to assess the lag and cumulative effect. Furthermore, this study explored the variability across gender and age groups. Results: A total of 7102 cases of BD were notified over the study period. High temperature can significantly increase the risk of BD during the whole lag period, temperature has different exposure effects on different genders and age groups. With 9℃ as the reference value, each 1℃ rise in temperature result in a 4.8% (RR=1.048, 95%CI: 0.996, 1.103) increase in the number of cases BD at lag 0 day. With 50μg/m3 as the reference value, each 5μg/m3 rise in PM2.5 caused a 11.3% (RR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.066, 1.162) increase in the number of BD cases at lag 0. Low concentration of PM10 in the lag of 10-14 days can significantly increase the risk of BD, while high concentration PM10 in the lag of 6-14 days can significantly increase the risk of BD. Conclusions:Temperature, PM2.5 and PM10 are closely related to the incidence of bacillary dysentery. Our findings suggest adaptation plans that target vulnerable populations in susceptible communities should be developed to reduce health risks.
Pregnancy outcomes of Q fever : Prospective follow-up study on Reunion Island
Authors: Mboussou Yoan , Jaubert Julien , Larrieu Sophie , Atiana Laura , Naze Florence , Folio Christine , Randrianaivo Hanitra , Bertolotti Antoine , Picot Sandrine , Robillard Pierre-Yves , Boukerrou Malik , Gérardin Patrick 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Q fever has been associated with perinatal complications. We conducted a prospective follow-up study to assess both the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) associated with Coxiella burnetii infection and the contribution of Q fever to APOs. Methods Between May 1 and October 31, 2013, within the level-3 maternity of Saint Pierre hospital, Reunion island, we investigated unexplained miscarriages, stillbirths, preterm births or small-for-gestational age children. Seropositivity for C. burnetii antibodies was defined using indirect immunofluorescence for a phase 2 IgG titre ≥1:64. Acute Q fever was defined for a phase 2 IgG titre ≥1:256 and/or the presence of IgM ≥1:48 or the detection of C. burnetii genome in miscarriage products and placentas. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for Q fever related APOs (taken as a composite outcome or individually) were assessed using Poisson regression models for dichotomous outcomes controlling major confounders. Results Over a 6-month period, 179 pregnant women suspected or diagnosed with an APO were investigated for Q fever, of whom 118 met the definition for an APO. Of these, 19 were seropositive and 10 presented a profile indicative of an acute infection. For three women with an acute Q fever, the chronology between the onset of infection and the APO (2 miscarriages, 1 preterm birth) with respect to the kinetics of antibodies suggested causality in the pathogenesis. The incidence of Q fever related APOs was estimated between 2.2‰ and 5.2‰, whether causality was requested or not. Both C. burnetii exposure and acute Q fever were independently associated with APOs (IRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.31-1.84; IRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.15-1.89, respectively). Conclusions In the endemic context of Reunion island, acute Q fever may lead to APOs. To limit the burden of Q fever on reproduction, pregnant women should be kept away from farms and avoid direct contact with ruminants.
Mid-long-term surgical outcomes of posterior only instrumented spinal fusion procedure for early-onset scoliosis in type 1 neurofibromatosis
Authors: zhang Jianguo , Cai Siyi , Li zhenyao , Qiu Guixing , shen Jianxiong , zhao hong , Zhao Yu , Wang Yipeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background The pediatric neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) patients’ mid-long-term surgical outcomes of posterior spinal fusion is rarely reported, and the orthopedic maintenance effect is not clear. This study aims to evaluate the mid-long-term surgical outcomes of posterior only instrumented spinal fusion for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in NF-1 patients.Methods A retrospective review was performed on a cohort of 10 patients diagnosed as NF-1 with EOS from 2008 to 2014 in our hospital. This study included four male and six female NF-1 patients with a mean age of 7.8 years old when they underwent posterior only instrumented spinal fusion for their EOS. General clinical data, operation-related data were reviewed, and the dystrophic progression of EOS was evaluated during the follow-up.Results The mean follow-up duration was 54 months (24 to 88 months). All patients underwent posterior only instrumented spinal fusion at 1 stage. The primary curves of EOS were thoracic in 9 cases, and only one patient had lumbar scoliosis. Preoperative major curve was significantly corrected (from 66.1 to 31.1 degrees). However, the average major curve deteriorated significantly to 40.1 degrees on average at the end of follow-up. The T1-S1 distance increased 2.77cm on average and increasing at 0.6cm/year during the follow-up.Conclusions For the surgical treatment on EOS in NF-1 patients, although with relatively short segments involvements,posterior only fusion was not good way to treat such patients, especially the maintenance of orthopedic effect was not satisfactory.
Clinical features of severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with pulmonary complications in childhood: a retrospective study.
Authors: Luo Xue qin , Luo Jian , Wang Chong jie , Luo Zhengxiu , Zou Lin , Liu Enmei , Xie Xiao hong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Incidence of severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) reported in China was increasing in the last decade. We aimed to evaluate clinical features in pediatric SMPP with pulmonary complications according to laboratory test and chest radiographic resolution patterns.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 93 SMPP patients between January 2016 and December 2018, and they were grouped by pneumonia pattern: pulmonary complication group (63 patients) and extensive lung lesion without pulmonary complication group (30 patients).Results SMPP patients of pleural effusion and necrotizing pneumonia showed longer fever duration, high serum value of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and LDH to albumin ratio (LAR). LAR and D-dimer were associated with moderate and massive pleural effusion,and D-dimer was associated with lung necrosis. The average time of radiographic resolution in pulmonary complication group was 12 weeks, and those with elevated D-dimer were significantly more likely to have longer time to radiographic clearance.Conclusions M. pneumoniae pneumonia patients with pleural effusion or lung necrosis were more severe than those without pulmonary complication, LAR and D-dimer might be used as parameters to identify susceptible children of pleural effusion or lung necrosis and longer time to radiographic clearance among patients with SMPP.
Percentage fat fraction in magnetic resonance imaging: Upgrading the osteoporosis-detecting parameter
Authors: Chang Rong , Ma Xiaowen , Jiang Yonghong , Huang Dageng , Chen Xiujin , Zhang Ming , Hao Dingjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disorder and orthopedic imaging approaches were commonly used with some limitations. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance 1-H MRS and m-Dixon-Quant in the evaluation of osteoporosis Methods: We enrolled 76 subjects and used a quantitative computed tomography (QCT) technique to determine the subjects’ bone mineral density (BMD). Those with a BMD >120 mg/cm 3 were categorized as the normal control; those with a BMD ranging from 80–120 mg/cm 3 were classified as having osteopenia; and those with a BMD <80 mg/cm 3 were diagnosed as having OP. The following parameters were recorded for each patient: sex, age, body height, body weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Simultaneously, the FF% values from 1-H MRS examinations and m-Dixon-Quant scans were acquired. Results: In both 1-H MRS and m-Dixon-Quant MRI, the FF% exhibited a negative correlation with BMD. Among the different groups, the OP patients had a significantly higher FF% compared to healthy subjects. In addition, the FF% in the m-Dixon scans exhibited a positive correlation with age, while BMD showed a negative linear relationship with age. Further, females had a higher FF% compared to males, and body height was correlated with BMD but not with FF%. Conclusions: MRI investigations (especially FF% in the m-Dixon-Quant imaging system) are useful in OP assessments. Also, parameters such as sex, age, and height are important factors for predicting and diagnosing OP.