bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the REE content, geological age, and absorbed alpha dose of allanite mineral from Palawan, Philippines
Authors: Dingle Cheri Anne M. , Jecong Julius Federico M. , Hila Frederick C. , Ramo Ma. Elina Salvacion V. , Guillermo Neil Raymund D. , Vasquez Jr Magdaleno R. , Samson Vallerie Ann I. 
Published: March 2019

Allanite is a common accessory mineral in igneous rocks that contains significant amounts of rare‐earth elements (REEs), thorium (Th), and uranium (U). The presence of Th and U in the allanite exposes it to radiation resulting in radiation damage in its crystal structure and further leads to metamictization. Hence, allanite can be used as a natural analogue to assess the long‐term radiation effects in materials for high‐level nuclear waste disposal. It provides information on the effect of α‐decay on the crystal structure including the stability and integrity of the material. In this study, the absorbed α‐dose of allanite from Ombo, Palawan, Philippines, was estimated from the Th and U content and geological age of the mineral using X‐ray fluorescence and gamma‐ray spectrometry. The amount of Th and REE was measured to be around 1.37 and ~30.4 wt.%, respectively. Radiometric dating using gamma‐ray spectrometry estimated the age of the allanite mineral to be around 24–35 million years. Having obtained the amount of radioactivity and the time of exposure, the corresponding absorbed α‐dose was estimated to be at 2.84 × 1014 α‐decays/mg. Results suggest that the allanite mineral studied has not accumulated significant radiation damage to cause amorphization and still exhibit a crystalline structure. This study may provide data on the properties of allanite or silicate matrices as part of the ongoing studies on silicate minerals as natural analogues.
Diagonal form factors in Landau-Lifshitz models
Authors: Gerotto Lorenzo , Mc Loughlin Tristan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe perturbatively study form factors in the Landau-Lifshitz model and the generalisation originating in the study of the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 super-Yang-Mills dilatation generator. In particular we study diagonal form factors which have previously been related to gauge theory structure constants. For the Landau-Lifshitz model, due to the non-relativistic nature of the theory, we are able to compute all orders in perturbation theory and to resum the series to find quantum form factors for low numbers of external particles. We apply our form factors to the study of deformations of the integrable theory by means of form factor perturbation theory. As a check of our method we compute spin-chain S-matrix elements for the Leigh-Strassler family of marginal deformations to leading order in the deformation parameters.
Emodin induced necroptosis in the glioma cell line U251 via the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3 pathway
Authors: Zhou Jiabin , Li Genhua , Han Guangkui , Feng Song , Liu Yuhan , Chen Jun , Liu Chen , Zhao Lei , Jin Feng 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Emodin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from rhubarb and other traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Previous studies have confirmed that emodin has inhibitory effects on various solid tumors, such as osteosarcoma, liver cancer, prostate cancer and glioma. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of emodin-induced necroptosis in the glioma cell line U251 by targeting the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3 signaling pathway. We found that emodin could significantly inhibit U251 cell proliferation, and the viability of U251 cells treated with emodin was reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry assays and Hoechst-PI staining assays showed that emodin induced apoptosis and necroptosis. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that emodin upregulated the levels of TNF-α, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL. Furthermore, the RIP1 inhibitor Nec-1 and the RIP3 inhibitor GSK872 attenuated the killing effect of emodin on U251 cells. In addition, emodin could increase the levels of TNF-α, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL in vivo. The results demonstrate that emodin could induce necroptosis in glioma possibly through the activation of the TNF-α/RIP1/RIP3 axis. These studies provide novel insight into the induction of necroptosis by emodin and indicate that emodin might be a potential candidate for treating glioma through the necroptosis pathway.
The functions of institutions: etiology and teleology
Authors: Hindriks Frank , Guala Francesco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInstitutions generate cooperative benefits that explain why they exist and persist. Therefore, their etiological function is to promote cooperation. The function of a particular institution, such as money or traffic regulations, is to solve one or more cooperation problems. We go on to argue that the teleological function of institutions is to secure values by means of norms. Values can also be used to redesign an institution and to promote social change. We argue, however, that an adequate theory of institutions should not be ‘moralized’ in that they should not be defined in terms of the values they are supposed to promote.
How much is a calorie worth? A study of willingness to pay for calorie labels in restaurant menus
Authors: RAFIQ SANA 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe asked individuals about their willingness to pay (WTP) either: (1) for a mandate requiring restaurants to post calorie information on their menus; or (2) to avoid such a mandate. On average, more people were in in favor of the mandate and were willing to pay four times more than those who were against it, thereby leading to a Kaldor–Hicks improvement from this policy. To ensure robustness, we tested the impact of providing three types of information during individuals’ WTP determinations: (1) visual examples of the proposed calorie labels; (2) data on their effectiveness at the individual level; and (3) data on their wider social and economic benefits. For those in favor, providing a simple visual of the label had no impact on WTP. Data on the individual effectiveness of the labels increased the WTP, while evidence on broader obesity reduction and economic benefits reduced it. For opponents, WTP did not change with provision of additional information except when provided with information on social and economic benefits. Under this condition, the opponents increased their WTP 12-fold to avoid a mandate of this policy. Finally, we measured individual well-being under this policy and found directionally similar results, confirming a net improvement in aggregate welfare. Our results suggest that messaging that focuses on private benefits (providing calorie information so that individuals can effectively choose to reduce excessive caloric consumption) rather than wider public benefits (reduction in overall health-related costs and obesity) is more likely to be effective.
Jiagongchang Household Workshops as Marginal Hubs of Women's Subcontracted Labour in Guangzhou, China
Authors: CHU NELLIE 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article introduces South China's jiagongchang household workshops as marginal hubs of affective and industrial labour, which are produced by migrant women's yearnings for people and places far away. Temporary sites and precarious forms of low-wage production serve as fragmented and provisional resources of sociality and labour as migrant workers and urban villages gradually become incorporated within the urban fabric. The unrequited longings of migrant women who work in factories and as caretakers demonstrate how marginal hubs are created through disjunctures of emplacement and mobility, which are intensified as these women attempt to bridge the contradictions entailed in care work and industrial labour across the supply chains.
Marginal Hubs: On conviviality beyond the urban in Asia: Introduction
Authors: MARSDEN MAGNUS , REEVES MADELEINE 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis special issue explores the forms of coexistence that emerge in what we call ‘marginal hubs’: sites that appear geographically or politically marginal, but which emerge as areas of intense and often volatile sociability, including border posts, container markets, industrial workshops, and pilgrim encampments. Such sites, which often come into being suddenly and are remote from the great urban centres, do not fit easily either within the framework of the Asian urban nor of the continent's villages and small towns. By exploring the forms of sociability that are important to everyday life in such places, we seek to widen the spectrum of settings that are recognized by scholars across the humanities and social sciences as having the potential to offer productive insights into understanding how heterogeneity is handled in Asia and beyond. This Introduction sets out the theoretical stakes of such an approach, as well as introducing the articles in this special issue.
Regulating the Terminal Economy: Difference, disruption, and governance in a Papuan commercial hub
Authors: NERENBERG JACOB 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhat kinds of governance agendas emerge at frontiers of commercial expansion, where routine economic relations traverse differences of ethnicity and degrees of formality? In the Balim Valley in the highlands of Indonesia's easternmost Papua province, mobilities and trade intersect at adjoining peri-urban markets and minivan terminals. The ‘terminal economy’ at the edges of Wamena, the region's bustling hub, is a threshold between rural and urban life, where indigenous livelihoods are subordinated to Indonesia's expanding commercial networks. Here, a cosmopolitan population—including indigenous Papuan highlanders and newcomer merchants from distant Indonesian regions—gathers to buy and sell local horticultural produce and imported commodities, transit between modes of transportation, and engage in a variety of formal and informal economic activities. This article traces the emergence of a multifaceted commercial regulation agenda, in the wake of demands for the recognition of indigenous contributions to the regional economy. It considers recent indigenous-formulated regulation policies in the context of the region's commercial history, one that is marked by a colonial devaluation of indigenous economic life and, more recently, by uprisings, inter-ethnic tensions, and government attempts to control and contain informal vending. The article conceptualizes commercial regulation as a convergence between efforts to contain disruption and demands for the revaluation of marginalized economic practices. It argues that commercial regulation is especially salient in regions that have been relegated to an end-point position in national and global commodity distribution paths.
The advantage of paradigmatic contestation in shaping and selling public policies
Authors: Alons Gerry 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile contestation between competing policy paradigms is usually considered to hamper the policy-making process, this article develops an argument explaining how paradigmatic contestation can also help policymakers obtain their preferred policies. Based on a typology of three paradigm situations – paradigm dominance, paradigmatic contestation and paradigm mixes – this article introduces three different types of strategies (paradigm stretching, banking on inconsistencies and commensurability framing) and explains why more strategies become available when a policy field moves from a situation of paradigmatic dominance to one of contestation and paradigm mixes. An analysis of the introduction and development of direct income payments in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy, subsequently illustrates how a shift in paradigm situation affected the European Commission’s discursive strategies and shaped the development of direct payments through consecutive reforms. Reflecting on sectoral and institutional variations, the article also discusses the applicability of these findings to other institutional settings and policy fields.
Post-monsoon waterlogging-associated upsurge of cholera cases in and around Kolkata metropolis, 2015
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Asish K. , Deb Alok K. , Chowdhury Goutam , Debnath Falguni , Samanta Prosenjit , Saha Rudra Narayan , Manna Byomkesh , Bhattacharya Mihir K. , Datta Dharitri , Okamoto Keinosuke , Bhadra Uchhal K. , Dutta Shanta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital, Kolkata, India witnessed a sudden increase in admissions of diarrhoea cases during the first 2 weeks of August 2015 following heavy rainfall. This prompted us to investigate the event. Cases were recruited through hospital-based surveillance along with the collection of socio-demographic characteristics and clinical profile using a structured questionnaire. Stool specimens were tested at bacteriological laboratory of the National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata. Admission of 3003 diarrhoea cases, clearly indicated occurrence of outbreak in Kolkata municipal area as it was more than two standard deviation of the mean number (911; s.d. = 111) of diarrhoea admissions during the same period in previous 7 years. Out of 164 recruited cases, 25% were under-5 children. Organisms were isolated from 80 (49%) stool specimens. Vibrio cholerae O1 was isolated from 50 patients. Twenty-eight patients had this organism as the sole pathogen. Among 14 infants, five had cholera. All V. cholerae O1 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, followed by co-trimoxazole (96%), streptomycin (92%), but sensitive to fluroquinolones. We confirmed the occurrence of a cholera outbreak in Kolkata during August 2015 due to V. cholerae O1 infection, where infants were affected.
Resident Involvement in Tactical Medicine: 12 Years Later
Authors: Petit Nicholas P. , Stopyra Jason P. , Padilla Ricardo A. , Bozeman William P. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Interest in tactical medicine, the provision of medical support to law enforcement and military special operations teams, continues to grow. The majority of tactical physicians are emergency physicians with additional training and experience in tactical operations. A 2005 survey found that 18% of responding Emergency Medicine (EM) residencies offered their resident physicians structured exposure to tactical medicine at that time.Methods:This study sought to assess interval changes in tactical medicine exposure during EM residency and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowship training. A secure online survey was distributed electronically to all 212 EM residency programs and 44 EMS fellowship programs in the United States.Results:Responses were received from 99 (46%) EM residency and 40 (91%) EMS fellowship programs. Results showed that 52 (53%) of the responding residencies offered physician trainees formal exposure to tactical medicine as part of their training (P &lt; .0001 compared to 18% in 2005). In addition, 32 (72%) of the 40 responding EMS fellowships (newly established since the initial survey) offered this opportunity. Experiences ranged from observation to active participation during tactical training and call-outs. The EM residents and EMS fellows provide support to local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. A small number of programs (six residencies and four fellowships) allowed a subset of qualified trainees to be armed during tactical operations.Conclusion:Overall, training opportunities in tactical medicine have grown significantly over the last decade from 18% to 53% of responding EM residencies. In addition, 72% of responding EMS fellowships incorporate tactical medicine in their training program.Petit NP, Stopyra JP, Padilla RA, Bozeman WP. Resident involvement in tactical medicine: 12 years later. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):217–219
Multi-professional IAPT CBT training: clinical competence and patient outcomes
Authors: Liness Sheena , Beale Sarah , Lea Susan , Byrne Suzanne , Hirsch Colette R. , Clark David M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:There is international interest in the training of psychological therapists to deliver evidence-based treatment for common mental health problems. The UK Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme, one of the largest training initiatives, relies on competent therapists to successfully deliver cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and promote good patient outcome.Aims:To evaluate an IAPT CBT training course by assessing if trainees’ clinical skills improve during training and reach competency standards, and to report patient outcome for submitted training cases. To investigate a possible relationship between trainee competence and patient outcome. To explore professional differences during training.Method:CBT trainee (n = 252) competence was assessed via audio recordings of therapy sessions at the beginning, middle and end of training. Patient pre- to post-treatment outcomes were extracted from submitted training cases (n = 1927). Differences in professional background were examined across competence, academic final grade and tutorial support.Results:CBT trainees attained competence by the end of the course with 77% (anxiety recordings) and 72% (depression recordings) improving reliably. Training cases reported pre- to post-treatment effect sizes of 1.08–2.26 across disorders. CBT competence predicted a small variance in clinical outcome for depression cases. Differences in professional background emerged, with clinical psychologists demonstrating greater competence and higher academic grades. Trainees without a core professional background required more additional support to achieve competence.Conclusions:Part of a new CBT therapist workforce was successfully trained to deliver relatively brief treatment effectively. Trainees without a core profession can be successfully trained to competence, but may need additional support. This has implications for workforce training.
Erleben von Tätigkeitsspielraum
Authors: Schweden Florian , Kästner Therese , Rau Renate 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Bedeutung von Tätigkeitsspielraum in der Arbeit für das Erleben von positiven Beanspruchungsfolgen ist seit Jahren bekannt. Die Mehrheit der Studien basiert dabei jedoch auf der Erfassung des selbst eingeschätzten Tätigkeitsspielraums. In dieser Studie (61 Straßenbahnfahrer_innen; M = 44.74 Jahre, SD = 8.64) wurden die Komponenten des Tätigkeitsspielraums nach Karasek (1979) in Beziehung zu Personen- und Arbeitsmerkmalen gesetzt. Objektive und subjektive Verfahren wurden dafür eingesetzt. Das Erleben von Beeinflussbarkeit ist im geringen Maße von Merkmalen der Person, jedoch entscheidend von objektiven Arbeitsmerkmalen abhängig. Die erlebte Beeinflussbarkeit stellt wahrnehmbare, bedingungsbezogene und gestaltbare Arbeitsmerkmale dar, welche im Sinne des Tätigkeitsspielraums in der Arbeit sind ( DIN EN ISO 6385 ). Die erlebte berufliche Anforderungsvielfalt kann als Anforderung an die Einstellung einer Person, sich Belastungen auf der Arbeit zu stellen, aufgefasst werden. Eine detaillierte subjektive und objektive Erfassung der Komponenten des Tätigkeitsspielraums kann Ansätze für verhältnis- als auch verhaltensorientierte Gestaltungsmaßnahmen der Arbeit bieten.
Changes in Extreme Precipitation Over Dry and Wet Regions of China During 1961‐2014
Authors: Han Jingya , Du Haibo , Wu Zhengfang , He Hong S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChanges in extreme precipitation differ among regions (e.g., dry and wet regions), causing different adverse effects on human life, social economy, and natural ecosystems on a warming planet. In this study, we use the 95th percentile‐based threshold to define extreme precipitation. The spatiotemporal changes in extreme precipitation and temperature‐extreme precipitation scaling relationship between dry and wet regions of mainland China during 1961‐2014 are analyzed using two gridded data sets of precipitation and temperature observations. Extreme precipitation increased faster in dry regions (3.9% frequency and 2.8% relative intensity per decade) compared to wet regions (2.5% frequency and 2.1% relative intensity per decade) over the past 54 years. Despite the negative regression relationship between mean precipitation and temperature in wet regions, extreme precipitation has a positive relationship with temperature. The regression coefficient in relative intensity against temperature change is 6% per °C in wet regions. The frequency increases significantly (p < 0.01) faster as temperature increases in wet regions (11.1% per °C) compared with dry regions (6.9% per °C). These results suggest that precipitation extremes increase for both dry and wet regions, and faster trends are observed in dry regions. However, the same magnitude of warming causes more extreme precipitation in wet regions. Therefore, more extreme precipitation in future may raise the risk of flooding in both dry and wet regions, particularly for wet regions, due to the stronger relative intensity and faster increases against warming.
A Modeling Strategy for the Investigation of the Effect of Mesoscale SST Variability on Atmospheric Dynamics
Authors: Jia Yinglai , Chang Ping , Szunyogh Istvan , Saravanan R. , Bacmeister Julio T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn efficient modeling strategy is proposed for the investigation of the effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) mesoscale variability on atmospheric dynamics. Two ensembles of numerical simulations are generated with a high‐resolution atmospheric global circulation model coupled to a slab ocean model. The two ensembles differ only in the treatment of the SST data used for the specification of the SST initial conditions and the estimation of the oceanic heat transport: one of the ensembles is generated by retaining, while the other by filtering, the mesoscale SST variability. The effect of mesoscale SST variability is assessed by comparing the two ensembles. The strategy is illustrated by simulation experiments with the Community Earth System Model, with a focus on the processes of the NH midlatitudes. The results suggest that ocean mesoscale variability has a significant effect on the jet streams, large‐scale flow, and midlatitude storm tracks.