bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-uniform Stress-free Strains in a Spherically Symmetrical Nano-sized Particle and Its Applications to Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Meng Qingping , Wu Lijun , Welch David O. , Tang Ming , Zhu Yimei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe stress-free strain originated from local chemical composition and phase transformation can significantly alter the microstructures of materials; and then affect their properties. In this paper, we developed an analytical method to calculate stress-strain field due to the non-uniform stress-free strain in a spherically symmetrical particle. Applying the method to a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery electrode, the evolution of Li-ion concentration and strain field during the lithiation process is studied. Our studies reveal that the maximum strain in the electrode generally occurs on surface of sample, and is mainly dependent on the difference of Li-ion concentration of surface and of center in sample. Decreasing the difference of Li-ion concentration can efficiently decrease the maximum strain so that cracks of electrodes can been prevented. Our analytical results provide a useful guidance for practical applications of energy storage materials.
Identification of potential regulatory mutations using multi-omics analysis and haplotyping of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Sereewattanawoot Sarun , Suzuki Ayako , Seki Masahide , Sakamoto Yoshitaka , Kohno Takashi , Sugano Sumio , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe functional relevancy of mutations occurring in the regulatory regions in cancers remains mostly elusive. Here, we identified and analyzed regulatory mutations having transcriptional consequences in lung adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines. We phased the mutations in the regulatory regions to the downstream heterozygous SNPs in the coding regions and examined whether the ChIP-Seq variant tags of the regulatory SNVs and the RNA-Seq variant tags of their target transcripts showed biased frequency between the mutant and reference alleles. We identified 137 potential regulatory mutations affecting the transcriptional regulation of 146 RefSeq transcripts with at least 84 SNVs that create and/or disrupt potential transcription factor binding sites. For example, in the regulatory region of NFATC1 gene, a novel and active binding site for the ETS transcription factor family was created. Further examination revealed that 31 of these disruptions were presented in clinical lung adenocarcinoma samples and were associated with prognosis of patients.
Glucose Levels Alter the Mga Virulence Regulon in the Group A Streptococcus
Authors: Valdes Kayla M. , Sundar Ganesh S. , Belew Ashton T. , Islam Emrul , El-Sayed Najib M. , Le Breton Yoann , McIver Kevin S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany bacterial pathogens coordinately regulate genes encoding important metabolic pathways during disease progression, including the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-phosphotransferase system (PTS) for uptake of carbohydrates. The Gram-positive Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a pathogen that infects multiple tissues in the human host. The virulence regulator Mga in GAS can be phosphorylated by the PTS, affecting Mga activity based on carbohydrate availability. Here, we explored the effects of glucose availability on the Mga regulon. RNA-seq was used to identify transcriptomic differences between the Mga regulon grown to late log phase in the presence of glucose (THY) or after glucose has been expended (C media). Our results revealed a correlation between the genes activated in C media with those known to be repressed by CcpA, indicating that C media mimics a non-preferred sugar environment. Interestingly, we found very little overlap in the Mga regulon from GAS grown in THY versus C media beyond the core virulence genes. We also observed an alteration in the phosphorylation status of Mga, indicating that the observed media differences in the Mga regulon may be directly attributed to glucose levels. Thus, these results support an in vivo link between glucose availability and virulence regulation in GAS.
Three new species of Talaromyces sect. Talaromyces discovered from soil in China
Authors: Jiang Xian-Zhi , Yu Zhong-Dong , Ruan Yong-Ming , Wang Long 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThree new Talaromyces species isolated from soil are reported here, namely T. dimorphus (ex-type strain AS3.15692 T), T. lentulus (ex-type strain AS3.15689 T) and T. mae (ex-type strain AS3.15690 T). T. dimorphus is characterized by biverticillate and monoverticillate penicilli, ampulliform phialides, slimy texture with sparse mycelial funicles and absent conidiogenesis on MEA. T. lentulus is featured by vivid yellow mycelium on Cz and MEA, absent conidiogenesis on CYA, and globose smooth-walled conidia. T. mae presents sparse conidia on CYA and YES, funiculous and floccose texture on MEA, and ovoid smooth-walled conidia. Both morphological and molecular characters show that T. dimorphus is unique and has no close relatives. Although T. lentulus and T. mae resembles T. adpressus and T. pinophilus very much, phylogenetic analyses of CaM, BenA, ITS and Rpb2 sequences all support their status as novel species.
Vanillic acid changed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities
Authors: Zhou Xingang , Wu Fengzhi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSoil microorganisms are key drivers of plant productivity in terrestrial ecosystems, yet controls on their diversities and abundances are not fully elucidated. Phenolic acids, released through plant root exudation and residues decomposition, are usually referred as autotoxins of several crops, including cucumber. In this study, effects of vanillic acid (VA) on cucumber rhizosphere microbial communities were investigated by treating cucumber seedlings with VA every two days for five times. Amplicon sequencing, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR were used to analyzed the 16S rRNA genes of total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities. Results showed that VA at 0.05 μmol g−1 soil changed total bacterial community diversity and composition. In particular, VA inhibited the relative abundances of genera with plant-beneficial potentials, such as Bacillus and Lysobacter spp. Moreover, VA changed Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. community compositions by altering the number and/or relative abundances of their OTUs; and decreased Bacillus spp. community abundance at 0.02 to 0.2 μmol g−1 soil and Pseudomonas spp. community abundance at 0.2 μmol g−1 soil. Overall, VA changed cucumber seedling rhizosphere total bacterial, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities, which maybe be associated with the adverse effects of VA on cucumber growth under soil conditions.
Tracking vegetation phenology across diverse North American biomes using PhenoCam imagery
Authors: Richardson Andrew D. , Hufkens Koen , Milliman Tom , Aubrecht Donald M. , Chen Min , Gray Josh M. , Johnston Miriam R. , Keenan Trevor F. , Klosterman Stephen T. , Kosmala Margaret , Melaas Eli K. , Friedl Mark A. , Frolking Steve 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVegetation phenology controls the seasonality of many ecosystem processes, as well as numerous biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks. Phenology is also highly sensitive to climate change and variability. Here we present a series of datasets, together consisting of almost 750 years of observations, characterizing vegetation phenology in diverse ecosystems across North America. Our data are derived from conventional, visible-wavelength, automated digital camera imagery collected through the PhenoCam network. For each archived image, we extracted RGB (red, green, blue) colour channel information, with means and other statistics calculated across a region-of-interest (ROI) delineating a specific vegetation type. From the high-frequency (typically, 30 min) imagery, we derived time series characterizing vegetation colour, including “canopy greenness”, processed to 1- and 3-day intervals. For ecosystems with one or more annual cycles of vegetation activity, we provide estimates, with uncertainties, for the start of the “greenness rising” and end of the “greenness falling” stages. The database can be used for phenological model validation and development, evaluation of satellite remote sensing data products, benchmarking earth system models, and studies of climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.
Pediatric patients at risk for fever in chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Bern, Switzerland, 1993-2012
Authors: von Allmen Annina N. , Zermatten Maxime G. , Leibundgut Kurt , Agyeman Philipp , Ammann Roland A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFever in neutropenia (FN) is the most frequent potentially life threatening complication of chemotherapy for cancer. Prediction of the risk to develop FN during chemotherapy would allow for targeted prophylaxis. This retrospective, single centre cohort study in pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer before 17 years covered two decades, 1993 to 2012. The 583 (73%) of 800 patients diagnosed with cancer who had received chemotherapy were studied here. Data on 2113 observation periods was collected, defined by stable combinations of 11 predefined characteristics potentially associated with FN. They covered 692 years of cumulative chemotherapy exposure time, during which 712 FN episodes were diagnosed, 154 (22%) of them with bacteremia. The risk to develop FN and FN with bacteremia remained stable over time. These data can mainly be used to study FN risks over time and between centers, and to derive or externally validate FN risk prediction rules.
Preparation of graphene nanowalls on nickel foam as supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Zhou Haitao , Liu Dabo , Luo Fei , Luo Bingwei , Tian Ye , Chen Dongsheng , Shen Chengmin 
Published: March 2018

Graphene nanowalls (GNWs) were deposited on the surface of the copper foil, nickel foam and glass using the plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (13.56 MHz) method. The etching effect of hydrogen on the morphology of the GNWs was investigated by varying the CH4/H2 ratio during the graphene growth. Supercapacitor electrodes made of GNWs on nickel foam were tested with cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge methods, showing premium electrical double‐layer performance and cyclic stability.
Empirical models of Jupiter’s interior from Juno data
Authors: Ni Dongdong 
Published: March 2018

Context. The Juno spacecraft has significantly improved the accuracy of gravitational harmonic coefficients J4, J6 and J8 during its first two perijoves. However, there are still differences in the interior model predictions of core mass and envelope metallicity because of the uncertainties in the hydrogen-helium equations of state. New theoretical approaches or observational data are hence required in order to further constrain the interior models of Jupiter. A well constrained interior model of Jupiter is helpful for understanding not only the dynamic flows in the interior, but also the formation history of giant planets.
Aims. We present the radial density profiles of Jupiter fitted to the Juno gravity field observations. Also, we aim to investigate our ability to constrain the core properties of Jupiter using its moment of inertia and tidal Love number k2 which could be accessible by the Juno spacecraft.
Methods. In this work, the radial density profile was constrained by the Juno gravity field data within the empirical two-layer model in which the equations of state are not needed as an input model parameter. Different two-layer models are constructed in terms of core properties. The dependence of the calculated moment of inertia and tidal Love number k2 on the core properties was investigated in order to discern their abilities to further constrain the internal structure of Jupiter.
Results. The calculated normalized moment of inertia (NMOI) ranges from 0.2749 to 0.2762, in reasonable agreement with the other predictions. There is a good correlation between the NMOI value and the core properties including masses and radii. Therefore, measurements of NMOI by Juno can be used to constrain both the core mass and size of Jupiter’s two-layer interior models. For the tidal Love number k2, the degeneracy of k2 is found and analyzed within the two-layer interior model. In spite of this, measurements of k2 can still be used to further constrain the core mass and size of Jupiter’s two-layer interior models.
Are Prophylactic Intravenous Antibiotics Required in Routine Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery? A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Baraza Njalalle , Leith Jordan 
Published: March 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out from the literature the difference in infection rates between patients who did and patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature using Medline Ovid for prospective studies that looked at infection as the primary outcome following shoulder arthroscopy. The articles were then assessed for study design, outcome, and relevance to the specific question as part of the critical appraisal.
Results Eight partially relevant articles were obtained from the search, but there were no prospective studies comparing infection in patients who had prophylactic antibiotics versus those who did not in shoulder arthroscopy.
Conclusion No compelling evidence exists on the role of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing infections in shoulder arthroscopy.
Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of level IV studies.
Effectiveness of Digital Multimedia Educational Aids Produced by Intensive Care Unit Providers
Authors: Amherdt Sarah , Kim U. , Basir Mir 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMultimedia improves understanding of information. Professionally developed digital multimedia educational modules are expensive. We tested educational modules developed by a medical student without extensive multimedia production training. The modules were developed with neonatologist collaboration, uploaded to YouTube, and presented via iPad to neonatal intensive care unit family members who were ≥ 18 years, English literate, and unexposed to topic they were reviewing. Thirty-six participants viewed the modules once and then answered topic-specific key questions. Thirty of 36 (83%) of the participants answered 4/4 (100%) of questions correctly and 6/36 (17%) answered three-fourths (75%) correctly, demonstrating success of the educational modules. Health care workers can economically create effective digital multimedia educational materials without extensive training.
Thyreotoxische Krise und Myxödemkoma
Authors: Milkau Malte , Sayk Friedhelm 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThyroid storm and myxedema coma are the most severe clinical forms of thyroid dysfunction. While both hyper- and hypothyroidsm are common diseases, thyroid storm and myxedema coma are rare. Due to their unspecific signs and symptoms they are often difficult to diagnose. Both disorders are medical emergencies, which still show a significant mortality. The following article summarizes diagnostic tools and treatment options for these disorders
Diabetologische Notfälle: Ketoazidose und hyperglykämes Koma
Authors: Schumann Christina , Faust Michael 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state are the most serious diabetic emergencies. Before the discovery of insulin in 1921 by Banting and Best the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was fatal ending in diabetic ketoacidosis equivalent to a torturous death. Today, mortality from diabetic ketoacidosis is low at approximately 2 %. But each death from these two acute metabolic complications of diabetes is potentially avoidable by improved patient and healthcare professional education. Therefore, there is a need to raise awareness of hyperglycemic crisis and its management amongst physicians.
Pathogenesis Insulin deficiency or resistence and increased concentrations of counterreulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol and growth hormone) are responsible for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Hyperglycemia develops as a result of increased gluconeogenesis and accelerated glyconeogenesis. In DKA, the absolute insulin deficiency additionally leads to increased lipolysis and production of ketone bodies and resulting metabolic acidosis.
Diagnosis Both DKA and HHS require prompt recognition and management. The diagnosis can be suspected by clinical features and confirmed by laboratory findings.
Treatment The treatment of DKA and HHS is similar, including correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities and the administration of insulin.
Gastrointestinale Mikrobiota und Tumorerkrankungen – ein „pas de deux“?
Authors: Stallmach Andreas , Steube Arndt 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungTumorerkrankungen stellen unser heutiges Gesundheitssystem vor große Herausforderungen. Das in den letzten Dekaden gewachsene pathophysiologische Verständnis der gastrointestinalen Mikrobiota und ein möglicher kausaler Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung von Malignomen rücken daher zunehmend in den Fokus der Forschung. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in zahlreiche Pathomechanismen, über die sich Mikrobiota und Malignome gegenseitig beeinflussen, und beleuchtet außerdem die Rolle der Ernährung in diesem System.
Medizinisches Vorgehen in der Orthopädischen Rheumatologie
Authors: Henniger Martina , Rehart Stefan 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie orthopädische Rheumatologie befasst sich mit der Diagnostik und der konservativen sowie der operativen Behandlung von rheumatischen Erkrankungen am muskulo-skelettalen System. Um eine dauerhafte Remission der entzündlichen Aktivität einer rheumatischen Erkrankung zu erreichen, ist ein multidisziplinäres Therapiekonzept notwendig. Begleitend zur medikamentösen Therapie und angepasst an die Schwere der Erkrankung, bzw. die entzündliche Aktivität und den Grad der Destruktion von Gelenken, umfasst dieses verschiedene konservative und operative Maßnahmen. Die enge interdisziplinäre Kooperation mit internistischen Rheumatologen, Radiologen, Nuklearmedizinern, Anästhesisten und nicht zuletzt Ergo- und Physiotherapeuten sowie Orthopädietechnikern ist dabei unabdingbar. In der Therapie von rheumatischen Erkrankungen erfolgt in der Regel neben einer medikamentösen Basistherapie eine konservative Therapie an den Strukturen des muskulo-skelettalen Systems. Je nach Gelenk und Zustand umfasst diese alle lokalen Maßnahmen der physikalischen Therapie, Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie, Schienenversorgung, Einlagen- und Schuhversorgung, bzw. zuletzt Gelenkinfiltrationen. Erst, wenn mit diesen konservativen Maßnahmen keine ausreichende Wirkung erzielt wird, kommen operative Maßnahmen zum Einsatz. Ausnahmen hiervon sind absolute oder dringliche OP-Indikationen wie Nervenausfälle, ausgeprägte Achsabweichungen von Gelenken, ein rasches Fortschreiten der Destruktionen oder Sehnenrupturen. Je nach Gelenk und radiologischem Destruktionsgrad werden bei der operativen Therapie präventive/gelenkerhaltende von rekonstruktiven/gelenkersetzenden Verfahren unterschieden. Aufgrund des multilokulären Befalls sowohl artikulärer als auch ligamentärer Strukturen, v. a. aber der besonderen Medikation und deren potentiellen Nebenwirkungen gilt es, im operativen Bereich die Besonderheiten dieser Patientengruppe zu berücksichtigen.
Climate warming enhances snow avalanche risk in the Western Himalayas
Authors: Ballesteros-Cánovas J. A. , Trappmann D. , Madrigal-González J. , Eckert N. , Stoffel M. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Climate warming is impacting the cryosphere in high mountain ranges, thereby enhancing the probability for more and larger mass-wasting processes to occur. This tree-ring–based snow avalanche reconstruction in the Indian Himalayas shows an increase in avalanche occurrence and runout distances in recent decades. Statistical modeling suggests that this increase in avalanche activity is linked to contemporaneous climate warming. These findings contradict the intuitive assumption that warming results in less snow, and thus fewer snow avalanches in the region, with major implications for disaster risk management and risk mitigation in a region with steadily increasing human occupation.
The traces that novel morphologically complex words leave in memory are abstract in nature
Authors: de Vaan Laura , Van Krieken Kobie , Van den Bosch Winie , Schreuder Robert , Ernestus Mirjam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrevious work has shown that novel morphologically complex words (henceforth neologisms) leave traces in memory after just one encounter. This study addressed the question whether these traces are abstract in nature or exemplars. In three experiments, neologisms were either primed by themselves or by their stems. The primes occurred in the visual modality whereas the targets were presented in the auditory modality (Experiment 1) or vice versa (Experiments 2 and 3). The primes were presented in sentences in a selfpaced reading task (Experiment 1) or in stories in a listening comprehension task (Experiments 2 and 3). The targets were incorporated in lexical decision tasks, auditory or visual (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, respectively), or in stories in a self-paced reading task (Experiment 3). The experimental part containing the targets immediately followed the familiarization phase with the primes (Experiment 1), or after a one week delay (Experiments 2 and 3). In all experiments, participants recognized neologisms faster if they had encountered them before (identity priming) than if the familiarization phase only contained the neologisms’ stems (stem priming). These results show that the priming effects are robust despite substantial differences between the primes and the targets. This suggests that the traces novel morphologically complex words leave in memory after just one encounter are abstract in nature.
An investigation of the accuracy and reliability of body composition assessed with a handheld electrical impedance myography device
Authors: McLester Cherilyn N. , Dewitt Alex D. , Rooks Rasmus , McLester John R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the body fat per cent (BF%) assessed with a unique handheld electrical impedance myography (EIM) device, along with other popular methods, to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants included 33 males (aged 24.3 ± 4.6 years) and 38 females (aged 25.3 ± 8.9 years) who completed 2 visits separated by 24–72 h. The assessments included DXA, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), skinfold measures (SKF), and three separate EIM measurements. No significant differences in BF% (P > 0.05) were found between all EIM assessments when compared against DXA for both males and females for each visit. All methods showed no significant differences in BF% (P > 0.05) between days within themselves. Across both days, the standard error of the estimate (SEE) for the EIM measurements ranged from 2.66% to 3.15%, the SEE for BIA was 2.80 and 2.85, and for SKF was 2.90 and 2.82. The 95% limits of agreement ranged from ±5.34% to ±6.38% for EIM measurements and were highest for SKF (±7.42% and ±7.47%). The total error for both days was largest for SKF (5.20% and 5.35%) and lowest for the EIM measurements (2.48–3.24%). This investigation supports use of a handheld EIM device as an accurate and reliable method of estimating BF% compared to DXA in young, apparently healthy individuals with BF% in the range of 10–22% for males and 20–32% in females and suggests this EIM device be considered a viable alternative to other established field measurements in this population.