bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REFORMA TRIBUTÁRIA ECOLÓGICA ALEMÃ COMO PARADIGMA PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Mattei Julia , Matias João Luis Nogueira 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo traça um perfil da reforma tributária ecológica da Alemanha, com foco na tributação da energia, buscando analisar comparativamente os seus elementos com a finalidade de contribuir para uma ecologização do sistema tributário brasileiro. É traçado um paralelo entre os sistemas jurídicos dos dois países em relação à constitucionalidade dos impostos ecológicos sobre a energia (Ökosteuern), que na Alemanha foram introduzidos pela reforma tributária de 1999. No âmbito do direito brasileiro, é analisada a CIDE-Combustível, como ponto de partida para a ecologização do sistema tributário. A pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental. O método adotado é dedutivo-propositivo no contexto do direito comparado. O estudo mostrou que a constitucionalidade dos impostos ecológicos na Alemanha foi muito debatida, sendo a sua aprovação decorrente de motivos mais políticos do que jurídicos. No Brasil, a introdução integral deste modelo passa, de forma obrigatória, por uma alteração da Constituição. No entanto, são encontradas semelhanças importantes entre o modelo alemão e o modelo da CIDE-Combustível, podendo esta ser tomada como base para o “esverdeamento” do sistema tributário brasileiro.
Worker Characteristics and Dust Exposure to Pulmonary Function Status in Jumping Saw Division Of Wood Industry At Banyuwangi: An Association Study
Authors: Wulansari Desy Tri 
Published: May 2019

Wood dust in the air will bring serious health problems if it is prolonged. Wood Dust has effect for health due to its effect on , pulmonary function via respiratory system entrance. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of worker characteristics and dust exposure to pulmonary function status in jumping saw division workers in wood industry Sempu, Banyuwangi. The research was observasional with cross sectional desain. Research data was obtained by giving questionnaire to respondent, measurement of dust level by using HVAS and lung physiology examination using spirometry tool. The sampel in this research was 7 workers in the part of jumping saw and 6 worker in the part of office. Data were analyzed with chi square statistical test to analyzing the association and statistical t-test to analyzing difference pulmonary function status between to 2 groups. The result showed that dust level in the exposure groups of jumping saw workers was 19,90 mg/m3 and non-exposure group (office) was 0,089 mg/m3, suitable with Permenakertrans No. 13/MEN/X/2011 is 5 mg/m3. Results of lung function measurement showed that normal 15,38% and impairment 84,62%. It is concluded that no associoation between age, length of employment, smoking habit, respiratory ptotective equipment usage habit, respiratory diseases history and dust exposure to pulmonary function status, except association between nutrion status with pulmonary function status. The company should monitor the levels of wood dust, to ensure that it does not exceed the NAB and regular lung physiological health checks.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTSâ€™ COGNITIVE STRUCTURES USING FREE WORD-ASSOCIATION TEST IN CHEMISTRY LEARNING
Authors: Muningsih Norma - 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the cognitive structure of high school students of class XI with free word-association method in teaching chemistry at the material buffer solution. The research was conducted in the second semester with a sample of 37 students at SMAN 89 Jakarta. The method used is qualitative in interpretivism paradigm, focused on the analysis of cognitive structures using free word-association method in teaching chemistry. Data obtained by interview, documentation, observation and student assignments through free word-association. Instruments free word-association tests contain stimulus word of "buffer" to collect information about students' conceptual structure in the material buffer solution. The data were subject to content analysis and divided into categories through coding. Results of this study is there are five categories in the distribution of cognitive structures through free word-association test. These categories include the definition of a buffer solution, buffer solution properties, creation of buffer solution, pH buffer solution and calculate the buffer system in biological systems. The most dominant category is category nature buffer solution. The conclusion is that students have the cognitive structure of the most widely through recall or rote learning and there are learning difficulties experienced by students in learning material buffer solution.
In vitro examination of the thrombolytic efficacy of tenecteplase and therapeutic ultrasound compared to rt-PA
Authors: Frühwald Tobias , Gärtner Ulrich , Stöckmann Nils , Marxsen Jan-Henning , Gramsch Carolin , Roessler Florian Carolus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Optimizing thrombolytic therapy is vital for improving stroke outcomes. We aimed to develop standardized thrombolysis conditions to evaluate the efficacy of tenecteplase (TNK) compared to the current gold standard rt-PA (alteplase), with and without additional ultrasound treatment. Also we wanted to introduce a new analytical approach to quantify fibrin fiber density in transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Methods: In vitro clots that are similar to ex vivo clots concerning their histological condition and their durability were generated from whole blood. For five treatment groups we compared relative clot weight loss (each n=60) and fibrin fiber density in TEM (each n=5). The control group (A) was treated only with plasma. Two groups were designated for each rt-PA (B+C) and TNK (D+E). Groups C and E were additionally treated with ultrasound. Dosages were 50µg/ml for rt-PA and 30µg/ml for TNK. Results were evaluated by using analyses of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc t-tests.

Results: Weight loss was increased significantly for all groups compared to the control group. Both TNK groups showed significantly increased weight loss compared to their counterpart rt-PA group (p≤0.001). For TEM only group D showed significantly decreased fibrin fiber density (p<0.05) compared to both rt-PA groups. Ultrasound did not significantly increase dissolution of clots with either method (best p=0.16).

Conclusions:
Tenecteplase dissolved clots more effectively than rt-PA with and without ultrasound. A higher sample size could provide more convincing results for TEM.
Propofol attenuated the effect of TNF-α on occludin expression by inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway in hCMEC/D3 cells
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ding Xiaowei , Miao Changhong , Chen Jiawei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose: The levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), especially occludin, correlate with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by inflammation in central nervous system (CNS). It has been reported that propofol, the most commonly used anesthetic, could inhibit inflammation response in CNS. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and propofol on occludin expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, D3 clone (hCMEC/D3 cells), and explored the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: The hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with propofol, followed by TNF-α. The expression and phosphorylation of Hif-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, ERK, p38MAPK and occludin were measured by Western blot analysis. The cell viability of hCMEC/D3 cells was measured by cell counting kit-8.
Results: TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 4 h) significantly decreased the expression of occludin, which was attenuated by propofol (25 μM). TNF-α induced Hif-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, while propofol could inhibit it. TNF-α induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, while propofol had no effect on it. In addition, the inhibitors of Hif-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and ERK could reduce the effect of TNF-α on occludin expression.
Conclusion: TNF-α could decrease the expression of occludin via activating Hif-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, which was attenuated by propofol.
Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal quality change in the orange-rooted Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) from cultivated field
Authors: Zhan Zhilai , Fang Wentao , Ma Xiaohui , Chen Tong , Cui Guanghong , Ma Ying , Kang Liping , Nan Tiegui , Lin Huixin , Tang Jinfu , Zhang Yan , Lai Changjiangsheng , Ren Zhenli , Wang Yanan , Zhao Yujun , Shen Ye , Wang Ling , Zeng Wen , Guo Juan , Huang Luqi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Backgroud

The dry root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen.

Results

In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof-MS). Seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen.

Conclusion

Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C15-C16 dehydrogenase, contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes.
The gene structure and super-hypervariability of the complete Penaeus monodon Dscam gene
Authors: Apitanyasai Kantamas , Huang Shiao-Wei , Ng Tze Hann , He Shu-Ting , Huang Yu-Hsun , Chiu Shen-Po , Tseng Kuan-Chien , Lin Shih-Shun , Chang Wen-Chi , Baldwin-Brown James G. , Long Anthony D. , Lo Chu-Fang , Yu Hon-Tsen , Wang Han-Ching 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

In pancrustaceans, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) is an extraordinarily complex, single-locus gene, with the potential for generating thousands of isoforms by combining alternative splicing exons. In the present study, we used two advanced sequencing approaches, Illumina and PacBio, with hybrid assembly to analyze the entire Dscam genomic structure in Penaeus monodon.

Results

The P. monodon Dscam (PmDscam) genome was ~250 kbp, with a total of 175 constitutive and alternative splicing exons. Analysis of PmDscam cDNA and genomics revealed a conserved architectural structure consisting of an extracellular region with hypervariable Ig domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. While the number of splicing exon variants in N-terminal Ig2, N-terminal Ig3 and the entirety of Ig7 were previously reported to be 28, 43 and 19, we now show that there are in fact 26, 81 and 26 alternative exons in these regions, respectively. We also identified two alternative variants of two exons in the cytoplasmic tail, as well as 7 cytoplasmic tail elements that can either be included or skipped. The presence of three stop codon sites in the cytoplasmic tail region means that alternative splicing is involved in the selection of the stop codon.

Conclusions

In total, alternative splicing provides for 54,756 potential combinations in the extracellular region, plus 512 potential combinations in the cytoplasmic tail, all derived from one PmDscam genome locus. We have also established a public-facing PmDscam genome database (http://pmdscam.dbbs.ncku.edu.tw/) to facilitate future research on characterizing the involvement of Dscam in pancrustacean immunity.
Integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analysis on the regulational of mechanism tuber expansion in Yam
Authors: Zhou Yun-Yi , Luo Shuzhen , Xiao Dong , Zhan Jie , Wang Aiqing , He Longfei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Tuber is the storage organ of yam derived from modified stems. The development of tube expansion is a complex process and depends on the expression of genes that are involved by environmental and endogenous factors. However, little is known about the mechanism that regulates tuber expansion. In this study, in order to identify genes and miRNAs involvd in tuber enlargement, we examined the transcriptomes and small RNA in tuber initiation and expansion stages.

Results

A total of 14238 transcripts expressed differentially in the expansion stage were firstly identified using transcriptome technology. Of these, 5723 and 8515 genes were up and down regulated, respectively. The functional analysis revealed the coordination of tuber plant involved in processes of cell events, metabolism, biosynthesis and signalling transduction pathways at the transcriptional level, suggesting these DEGs are somehow involved in the responses of tuber expansion. In additional, 536 transcription factor genes were found differently expression in expansion stage at the transcript level. REVEILLE 6-like is identified to be up regulated in circadian rhythm pathway. REVEILLE 6-like LHY protein, zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 14, and DELLA genes were involved up regulated in expansion stage. Moreover, these genes were respectively involved in circadian rhythm pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and GA pathway by KEGG analysis. Noteworthy, the analysis of the data showed that there were 23 known tuber miRNAs belonged to 11 miRNA families, and 50 novel miRNAs, miRNA160 miRNA396, and miR535 may be involved in complexity network to regulate cell division and differentiation in the expansion stage in yam.

The integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA were identified to be preferentially expressed in hormone signalling in expansion stage, like the ARFs by miRNA160 highlighting the involvement of miRNA-mRNA in the regulation hormone of tuber expansion in yam.

Conclusion

The transcriptome and miRNA datasets presented here identified a subset of candidate genes and miRNAs putatively associated with tuber expansion in yam, thus a hypothetical model of genetic regulatory network associated with tuber expansion in yam was put forward, which may provide a foundation for molecular regulatory mechanism researching on tuber expansion in Dioscorea species.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptome profiling reveal that E3 ubiquitin ligase genes relevant to ethylene, auxin and abscisic acid are differentially expressed in the fruit of melting flesh and stony hard peach varieties
Authors: Tan Bin , Lian Xiaodong , Cheng Jun , Zeng Wenfang , Zheng Xianbo , Wang Wei , Ye Xie , Li Jidong , Li Zhiqian , Zhang Langlang , Feng Jiancan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Ubiquitin ligases (E3) are the enzymes in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway responsible for targeting proteins to the degradation pathway and play major roles in multiple biological activities. However, the E3s family is still yet to be identified, and the functions of E3 ligase genes on fruit flesh are unknown in peach.

Results

In this study, genome-wide identification, classification and characterization of the E3 ligase genes within the genome of peach was carried out. In total, 765 E3 (PpE3) ligase genes were identified in the peach genome. The PpE3 ligase genes were divided into eight subfamilies according to the presence of known functional domains. The RBX subfamily was not detected in peach. The PpE3 ligase genes were not randomly distributed among the 8 chromosomes, with a greater concentration on the longer chromosomes. The primary mode of gene duplication of the PpE3 ligase genes was dispersed gene duplication (DSD). Four new types of proteins in the BTB subfamily were first identified in peach, namely BTBAND, BTBBL, BTBP and BTBAN. The expression patterns of the identified E3 ligase genes in two peach varieties that display different types of fruit softening (melting flesh, MF, and stony hard, SH) were analyzed at 4 different stages of ripening using Illumina technology. Among the 765 PpE3 ligase genes, 515 (67.3%) were expressed (FPKM >1) in either MF or SH during fruit ripening. In same-stage comparisons, 231 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two peach cultivars. The number of DEGs in each subfamily varied. Most DEGs were members of the BTB, F-box, U-box and RING subfamilies. PpE3 ligase genes predicted to be involved in ethylene, auxin, or ABA synthesis or signaling and DNA methylation were differentially regulated. Eight PpE3 ligase genes with possible roles in peach flesh texture and fruit ripening were discussed.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide useful information for further understanding the functional characterization of the ubiquitin ligase genes in peach. In addition, the findings also provide the first clues of E3 ligase gene function in the regulation of peach ripening.
Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines
Authors: Wang Ruihong , Guo Hongbo , Dong Juane 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Our previous study found that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth, decrease biomass, inhibit primary metabolism, and promote secondary metabolism, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this article, we investigated the underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).
Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analyses were performed to identify the effect on plant growth and metabolic production in male sterile mutants. Through GO and KEGG analysis it was found that the pathways were mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analyses showed that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of Salvia miltiorrhiza was abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) catalyzed the degradation of starch, while sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) catalyzed the degradation of sucrose in S. miltiorrhiza. The results suggested that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) played an important role in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) was an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. High expression level of these enzyme genes in male sterile mutants resulted in high content of secondary metabolites.
Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop production of S. miltiorrhiza.
Molecular phenotyping of the surfaceome of migratory chondroprogenitors and mesenchymal stem cells using biotinylation, glycocapture and quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis
Authors: Matta Csaba , Boocock David J. , Fellows Christopher R. , Miosge Nicolai , Dixon James E. , Liddell Susan , Smith Julia , Mobasheri Ali 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The complement of cell surface proteins, collectively referred to as the surfaceome, is a useful indicator of normal differentiation processes, and the development of pathologies such as osteoarthritis (OA). We employed biochemical and proteomic tools to explore the surfaceome and to define biomarkers in chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPC) derived from human OA knee articular cartilage. These cells have great therapeutic potential, but their unexplored biology limits their clinical application. We performed biotinylation combined with glycocapture and high throughput shotgun proteomics to define the surface proteome of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human CPCs. We prepared cell surface-protein-enriched fractions from MSCs and CPCs, and then a proteomic approach was used to compare and evaluate protein changes between undifferentiated MSCs and CPCs. 1256 proteins were identified in the study, of which 791 (63%) were plasma membrane, cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. Proteins constituting the surfaceome were annotated and categorized. Our results provide, for the first time, a repository of quantitative proteomic data on the surfaceome of two closely related cell types relevant to cartilage biology and OA. These results may provide novel insights into the transformation of the surfaceome during chondrogenic differentiation and phenotypic changes during OA development.
Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential tests for patients with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Matsuura Toshiyuki , Kaneko Hiroki , Takayama Kei , Shibata Rei , Kataoka Keiko , Ito Seina , Tsunekawa Taichi , Shimizu Hideyuki , Suzumura Ayana , Namba Rina , Ito Yasuki , Murohara Toyoaki , Terasaki Hiroko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Previously, we showed that serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) than in those without AMD. The Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests are known markers of oxidative stress.The Aims of this study was to use d-ROMs and BAP tests to evaluate changes in systemic oxidative stress in patients with nAMD.
Methods: Blood serum samples were collected from 34 patients with nAMD (mean age: 76.5 ± 7.7 years; 22 men) and 20 control subjects (mean age: 62.9 ± 14.0 years; 10 men), and d-ROMs and BAP tests were examined.
Results: In men, the mean level of d-ROMs for the nAMD patients was significantly higher than that for the controls (312.0 ± 52.4 vs. 275.1 ± 45.5 U.CARR, respectively; P < .05). There was a significant correlation between d-ROM level and CNV lesion area in the male nAMD group (r =.42, P = .05). There were no significant differences in mean BAP test results between the nAMD patients and controls for either sex (men: 2241 ± 549 vs. 2136 ± 246 μmol/L; women: 2263 ± 292 vs. 2335 ± 161 μmol/L). For the male subjects, serum d-ROM levels were significantly higher in nAMD patients than in control subjects and d-ROM levels were significantly correlated with CNV area.
Conclusion: The d-ROMs test may provide a useful indicator of nAMD in men but not in women.