bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bone marrow microenvironment in health and disease at a glance
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Godavarthy P. Sonika , Krause Daniela S. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the ‘domicile’ of hematopoietic stem cells, as well as of malignant processes that can develop there. Multiple and complex interactions with the BMM influence hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) physiology, but also the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies. Reciprocally, hematological malignancies alter the BMM, in order to render it more hospitable for malignant progression. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we highlight concepts of the normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cell niches. We present the intricacies of the BMM in malignancy and provide approaches for targeting the interactions between malignant cells and their BMM. This is done in an effort to augment existing treatment strategies in the future.
RNA thermosensors: how might animals exploit their regulatory potential?
Authors: Somero George N. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The secondary and tertiary orders of RNA structure are crucial for a suite of RNA-related functions, including regulation of translation, gene expression and RNA turnover. The temperature sensitivity of RNA secondary and tertiary structures is exploited by bacteria to fabricate RNA thermosensing systems that allow a rapid adaptive response to temperature change. RNA thermometers (RNATs) present in non-coding regions of certain mRNAs of pathogenic bacteria enable rapid upregulation of translation of virulence proteins when the temperature of the bacterium rises after entering a mammalian host. Rapid upregulation of translation of bacterial heat-shock proteins likewise is governed in part by RNATs. Turnover of mRNA may be regulated by temperature-sensitive RNA structures. Whereas the roles of temperature-sensitive RNA structures similar to RNATs in Eukarya and Archaea are largely unknown, there would appear to be a potential for all taxa to adaptively regulate their thermal physiology through exploitation of RNA-based thermosensory responses akin to those of bacteria. In animals, these responses might include regulation of translation of stress-induced proteins, alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors, differential expression of allelic proteins, modulation of activities of small non-coding RNAs, regulation of mRNA turnover and control of RNA editing. New methods for predicting, detecting and experimentally modifying RNA secondary structure offer promising windows into these fascinating aspects of RNA biochemistry. Elucidating whether animals too have exploited the types of RNA thermosensing tools that are used so effectively by bacteria seems likely to provide exciting new insights into the mechanisms of evolutionary adaptation and acclimatization to temperature.
Chiral Phenomena in Multinuclear and Metallosupramolecular Coordination Systems Derived from Metalloligands with Thiol-Containing Amino Acids
Authors: Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In this account, we focus on the stereochemical and chiral behavior of S-bridged multinuclear and metallosupramolecular coordination compounds that are derived from mononuclear metal complexes with cysteine (H2cys) or penicillamine (H2pen). The mononuclear complexes act as versatile metalloligands with amine and/or carboxyl groups, in addition to the thiol groups, as donor sites, allowing them to form a large variety of coordination compounds in combination with additional metal ions. Several chiral elements, such as chiral metal centers, asymmetric bridging sulfur atoms, and molecular and supramolecular helicity, in addition to asymmetric carbon atoms, are created in the resulting molecular and crystal structures, and their absolute configurations are often controlled to produce a single kind of homochiral species. In addition, this metalloligand approach leads to several unique chiral phenomena, such as stimulus-responsive chiral switching/inversion based on geometrical changes in metal centers, highly efficient chiral recognition between multinuclear complex cations and anions, and unusual spontaneous resolution behavior, in the resulting coordination systems.
Compliance of Adolescent Girls to Repeated Deployments of Wrist-Worn Accelerometers
Authors: ROWLANDS ALEX V. , HARRINGTON DEIRDRE M. , BODICOAT DANIELLE H. , Davies MELANIE J. , SHERAR LAUREN B. , GORELY TRISH , KHUNTI KAMLESH , EDWARDSON CHARLOTTE L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the cross-sectional and cumulative compliance of adolescent girls to accelerometer wear at three deployment points and to identify variables associated with compliance.

Methods
Girls from 20 secondary schools were recruited: 10 schools were participating in the “Girls Active” intervention and 10 were control schools. Physical activity was measured using the GENEActiv accelerometer worn on the nondominant wrist 24 h·d−1 for up to 7 d at baseline, 7 months, and 14 months. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics were recorded.

Results
Seven valid days (≥16 h) of accelerometer wear was obtained from 83%, 77%, and 68% of girls at baseline (n = 1734), 7 months (n = 1381), and 14 months (n = 1326), respectively. Sixty-eight percent provided 7 valid days for both baseline and 7 months, 59% for baseline and 14 months, and 52% for all three deployment points. Estimates of physical activity level from 3 d of measurement could be considered equivalent to a 7-d measure (i.e., they fell within a ±5% equivalence zone). Cross sectionally, 3 valid days was obtained from at least 91% of girls; cumulatively, this was obtained from ≥88% of girls across any two deployment points and 84% of girls across all three deployment points. When controlling for clustering at school level and other potential predictors, physical activity level, being South Asian, being in the intervention group, and prior compliance were positively associated with monitor wear.

Conclusions
Compliance reduced across deployment points, with the reduction increasing as the deployment points got further apart. High prior compliance and high physical activity level were associated with the most additional wear time.
A novel initiative to improve access to medicines for control of non-communicable diseases in low-and middle- income countries
Authors: Mobula Linda Meta , Sarfo Stephen , Arthur Lynda , Burnham Gilbert , Ansong Daniel , Plange-Rhule Jacob , Ofori-Adjei David 
Published: February 2018

The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is growing, and access to prevention and treatment strategies remain limited, especially for those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Novel approaches are needed to improve access and affordability of medicines that can treat NCDs in LMICs. An integrated approach including differential pricing, health systems strengthening, improved supply chain management and greater affordability can improve access to innovative branded medicines for NCDs. While differential pricing has several advantages for improving the affordability of NCD medicines in LMICs, it can’t overcome all access barriers as a standalone approach. An integrated approach to health systems strengthening, supply chain management and affordability are needed to overcome key challenges in getting medicines for NCD to patients in LMICs. The Access and Affordability Initiative (AAI) is a public private partnership aiming to improve access to and availability of essential medicines for the treatment of NCDs and strengthening of health systems. Through this novel initiative a prospective cohort of patients with hypertension and diabetes were followed in Ghana and the Philippines to examine the effect of differential pricing on access to treatment of hypertension and diabetes.
Delay, Memory, and Messaging Tradeoffs in Distributed Service Systems
Authors: Gamarnik David , Tsitsiklis John N. , Zubeldia Martin 
Published: February 2018

We consider the following distributed service model: jobs with unit mean, exponentially distributed, and independent processing times arrive as a Poisson process of rate λn, with 0 < λ < 1, and are immediately dispatched by a centralized dispatcher to one of n First-In-First-Out queues associated with n identical servers. The dispatcher is endowed with a finite memory, and with the ability to exchange messages with the servers. We propose and study a resource-constrained “pull-based” dispatching policy that involves two parameters: (i) the number of memory bits available at the dispatcher, and (ii) the average rate at which servers communicate with the dispatcher. We establish (using a fluid limit approach) that the asymptotic, as n → ∞, expected queueing delay is zero when either (i) the number of memory bits grows logarithmically with n and the message rate grows superlinearly with n, or (ii) the number of memory bits grows superlogarithmically with n and the message rate is at least λn. Furthermore, when the number of memory bits grows only logarithmically with n and the message rate is proportional to n, we obtain a closed-form expression for the (now positive) asymptotic delay. Finally, we demonstrate an interesting phase transition in the resource-constrained regime where the asymptotic delay is non-zero. In particular, we show that for any given α > 0 (no matter how small), if our policy only uses a linear message rate αn, the resulting asymptotic delay is upper bounded, uniformly over all λ < 1; this is in sharp contrast to the delay obtained when no messages are used (α = 0), which grows as 1/(1 − λ) when λ ↑ 1, or when the popular power-of-d-choices is used, in which the delay grows as log(1/(1 − λ)).
Adaptability of Chopper Harvester in Harvesting Sugarcane, Energy Cane, and Banagrass
Authors: Ma Shaochun , Karkee Manoj , Scharf Patrick A. , Zhang Qin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Energy crops are important sources of feedstock for biofuel production. Feedstock cost, which accounts for more than 50% of biofuel operating cost, plays a significant role in the commercialization of biofuels. Energy crop harvesting cost is the biggest single contributor of the total feedstock production cost. Thus, investigation of harvesters to improve productivity and efficiency, and hence reduce costs, is important for biofuel production. The performance of an existing sugarcane harvester was evaluated in terms of biomass recovery rate and field efficiency to assess its adaptability for energy crop harvesting. The harvester performance was evaluated in Hawaii fields with three different energy crops: energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane. The biomass recovery rates achieved by the harvester were 83.0%, 86.6%, and 52.3%, respectively, for energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane, whereas the field efficiencies were 86.2%, 80.6%, and 59.6%, respectively. In another similar experiment with banagrass, the harvesting rate and field efficiency were 89.8% and 88.7%, respectively. The recovery rates in harvesting energy cane and banagrass achieved in this work were higher than the recovery rate of ~73% found in the literature. Similarly, the nominal field efficiency found in the literature for a harvester is ~70%. The sugarcane harvester used in this work achieved higher field efficiency with energy cane and banagrass harvesting compared to the nominal field efficiency (70%). Additionally, the limitations of existing machines in harvesting energy crops were analyzed to identify the main factors limiting biomass recovery rate and field efficiency. It was found that stubble leaning angle and machine off-track errors have the greatest effect on the harvester’s ability to recover biomass, whereas plugging issues may have a substantial effect on the field efficiency. Keywords: Adaptability, Biomass recovery rate, Chopper harvester, Energy crop, Off-track error, Stubble leaning angle.
Finite Element Modeling and Simulations to Investigate the Relationship between the Cone Index Profile and Draft Requirements of a Compaction Profile Sensor with Depth
Authors: Zhang Qingsong , Upadhyaya Shrini K. , Liao Qingxi , Andrade-Sanchez Pedro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Previous research conducted using a compaction profile sensor and a standard cone penetrometer over a wide range of soil types and conditions found that the unit pressure acting on the cutting edge, defined as the cone index equivalent (CIE), at a specific depth (d) was related to the cone index (CI) value at that depth, the depth of the cutting edge (d), and the interaction between CI and the depth of the cutting edge (i.e., CI × d) with a very high coefficient of multiple determination irrespective of the soil type and conditions. The objective of this study was to provide an analytical basis for the relationship between CIE and CI. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model for soil-cone interaction and a three-dimensional model for soil-tine interaction were developed using a finite element method (FEM). A non-linear elasto-plastic constitutive behavior along with the Drucker-Prager yield criterion were used to represent the soil cutting process. Simulations studies were conducted in 25 distinct soil types and conditions, and the results indicated a similar relationship between CIE and CI, as observed in the previous research. These results support the existence of a strong theoretical basis for the empirical relationship observed in the previous research. Keywords: Cone index, Compaction profile sensor, Finite element modeling, Soil penetration resistance.
Assessing Surface Flowpath Interception by Vegetative Buffers Using ArcGIS Hydrologic Modeling and Geospatial Analysis for Rock Creek Watershed in Central Iowa
Authors: Webber David F. , Bansal Manveen , Mickelson Steven K. , Helmers Matthew J. , Arora Kapil , Gelder Brian K. , Shrivastav Manish , Judge Casey J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution is a major cause of surface water quality degradation due to the transport of chemicals, nutrients, and sediments into lakes and streams. Vegetative buffers comprise several effective landscape best management practices (BMPs) that include vegetative filter strips (VFS) and grassed waterways. However, some BMPs are less effective due to concentrated surface flow, improper cropland-to-VFS area ratios, and surface flowpaths that partially or completely bypass vegetative buffers. The overall objective of this study was to quantify the accuracy of simulated flowpaths relative to observed and global positioning system (GPS)-assisted ground-truthed surface flowpaths for improved placement of VFS and other vegetative buffers to effectively intercept surface runoff. This study was conducted on three research sites in Rock Creek watershed in central Iowa. Geographic information system (GIS) software was used for flowpath hydrologic modeling and geospatial map comparison analysis. Digital elevation model (DEM) datasets were used for flowpath simulation and included internet-available USGS 30 m × 30 m grid (typically used to design and site VFS buffers) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 5 m × 5 m grid DEMs. Results from this study indicate that the LiDAR 5 m × 5 m DEM generated significantly more accurate simulated flowpaths than the USGS 30 m × 30 m DEM. These results quantitatively underscore the efficacy of using high-resolution LiDAR DEM data to more accurately determine how well surface flowpaths are intercepted by VFS and other vegetative buffers. These results also demonstrate the benefits of coupling high-resolution aerial imagery with quantitative geospatial map comparison data to improve visualization and comparison of field-scale and watershed-scale hydrologic and terrestrial attributes. Ultimately, the results and procedures from this study will be applied to the development of a novel cloud-based, user-interactive, virtual-reality decision support (DS) tool that can be used to remotely assess hydrologic landscape conditions, prescribe improvements to existing BMPs, and determine new sites for enhanced BMP placement and functionality within a high-resolution 3-D imagery environment. Keywords: ArcGIS, Best management practices (BMPs), Decision support (DS) tool, Digital elevation model (DEM), Geospatial analysis, Light detection and ranging (LiDAR), Nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution, Surface runoff, Vegetative filter strip (VFS), Watershed hydrol
Blueprinting a poetics of materiality
Authors: Hofsess Brooke A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
How might positioning artistic practice as reflective limit the production of knowledge in art education by positioning theory ahead of practice, language over material, who above what? And, what might be done instead? Blueprinting theories with preservice art teachers illuminates such questions and explores ‘what is possible to see and say’ differently in art teacher preparation. Emboldened by contemporary materialisms, this visual essay exposes the poetic tangle where preservice teachers may have already pencilled in and sketched out some tentative ways of knowing/being/doing art education. The vibrant intra-activity of cyanotype photography attempts to eclipse this insistent hold on artmaking as reflective practice – just long enough that something different might be seen, said, felt, imagined in art teacher preparation.
Becoming a work of art: Collaboration, materiality and posthumanism in visual arts education
Authors: Rousell David , Fell Fiona 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Collaboration has become a core aspect of teaching, learning and research in university art departments, especially as contemporary artists have increasingly turned to collective and socially engaged studio practices. Despite this, hylomorphic approaches to arts education continue to position matter as a passive substance to be shaped by the artist(s) in service of linguistic discourse. In this article, we ask how a new materialist approach to collaboration might disrupt humanist ontologies of visual arts education in the university. We first draw on posthumanist writings to re-compose collaboration in ways that are responsive to the specificity of material entanglements as they are enacted within an ecology of studio practices. From there we work diagrammatically across a collaborative ‘data event’ of art in the making, drawing on a year-long participatory study with a cohort of third-year art students. In the final section, we develop propositions for collaboration as a transversal practice of ‘becoming a work of art’.
KEGIATAN DISKUSI “JUMAT MALAM” DI UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA: PERSPEKTIF MUTU PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Damami Mohammad 
Published: February 2018

Artikel ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan diskusi ‘jum’at malam’di UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Berangkat dari keprihatinan atas potensi akademik dosen IAIN Sunan Kalijaga penyelenggaraan diskusi diharapkan memberikan kebiasaan tulis-menulis makalah multidisiplin, multijurusan dan multifakultas. keprihatinan tersebut dipecahkan melalui diskusi ‘jum’at malam’. Artikel ini berusaha menjawab apa yang menjadi pendorong tetap diselenggarakannya diskusi ‘jum’at malam’dalam konteks kemanfaatannya, serta masalah apa yang seharusnya dilakukan dalam penyelenggaraannya dalam membantu memecahan problem-problem bangsa.Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan yang didukung dengan data kepustakaan. penelitian lapangan dilakukan di tengah para peserta diskusi yang aktif. Dengan asumsi bahwa para peserta diskusi lah yang mendapatkan kemanfaatan akan jalannya diskusi. Hal-hal yang mendorong diselenggarakannya diskusi jum’at malam terkait dengan adanya kemanfaatanakademis. dalam rangka mendukung ‘integrasi-interoneksi’keilmuan di UIN Sunan Kalijaga.Key words: Diskusi jumat malam, intedisiplin
PERNIKAHAN HAMIL DI LUAR NIKAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (KHI) DAN FIQIH ISLAM DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA KUPANG)
Authors: Aladin Aladin 
Published: February 2018

Perkawinan merupakan bagian dari dimensi kehidupan yang bernilai ibadah sehingga menjadi sangat penting. Manusia yang telah dewasa, dan sehat jasmani serta rohaninya pasti membutuhkan teman hidup untuk mewujudkan ketenteraman, kedamaian dan kesejahteraan dalam hidup berumah tangga. Realitas kehidupan masyarakat tidak dapat dihindari adanya hamil diluar nikah. Hamil diluar nikah adalah tindakan yang pada dasarnya sangat tidak dianjurkan oleh agama, karena agama mengajarkan manusia pada kebajikan, namun demikian praktek ini masih banyak kita jumpai di masyarakat.Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengapa terjadi perbedaan mengenai pernikahan hamil di luar nikah antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) dan Hukum Islam (HI)?; (2) Bagaimana status hukumpernikahanwanitahamilakibatzinadenganlaki-laki yang menghamilinyamenurutKompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)danfiqih Islam?.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Menurut KHI bahwa wanita yang hamil di luar nikah bisa langsung di nikahkan dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya tanpa menunggu wanita itu melahirkan kandugannya. Sedangkan berdasarkan hukum Islam dalam hal ini pendapat Imam Malik dan Ahmad bin Hambali yang mengatakan tidak boleh melangsungkan pernikahan antara wanita hamil karena zina dengan laki-laki sampai dia melahirkan kandungannya. Perbedaan tersebut terjadi karena di pengaruhi oleh perbedaan dalil-dalil (Al-Qur’an dan Hadis) yang digunakan dalam menafsirkan permasalahan pernikahan hamil di luar nikah. KHI menjelaskan pernikahan hamil di luar nikah berdasarkan dalil Al-Qur’an surat An-nur ayat 3, Mazhab Syafi’i dan Hanafi, pendapat Abu Bakar, Umar dan Ibnu Abbas. Sedangkan Hukum Islam menggunakan dalil Al-Qur’an surat An-Nisa ayat 11, 12, dan 176, surat At-Talaq ayat 4, Mazhab Maliki dan Ahmad bin Hambal; (2) KHI membolehkan menikahi wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya, menurut hukum Islam status hukum pernikahan wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya pun terjadi perbedaan pendapat diantara ke empat mazhab. Mazhab Hanafi dan Syafi’i membolehkan pernikahan wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya. Mazhab Maliki dan Hanbali melarang pernikahan wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya.
KONTRIBUSI UNHCR DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setiyono Joko 
Published: February 2018

UNHCR merupakan organ khusus PBB yang dibentuk untuk tujuan melindungi dan menjamin HAM serta upaya memanusiawikan para pengungsi internasional, sebagai akibat dari suatu peperangan ataupun konflik bersenjata yang berkepanjangan, pertikaian internal dan berbagai persoalan dalam negeri lainnya. Penanganan pengungsian yang berasal dari Semenanjung Indochina, pengungsi etnis Rohingya, pengungsi eks Timor Timur, setidaknya merupakan bukti nyata adanya kontribusi UNHCR dalam penanganan permasalahan pengungsi internasional di Indonesia.
EKSISTENSI DELIK ADAT DAN IMPLEMENTASI ASAS LEGALITAS HUKUM PIDANA MATERIIL INDONESIA
Authors: Anjari Warih 
Published: February 2018

Asas legalitas dan penerapan delik adat dalam hukum pidana materiil merupakan dua hal yang bersifat kontradiktif. Asas legalitas bersifat formalistik (positivistik) sedangkan delik adat bersifat sosiologis. Apabila keduanya dilaksanakan bersamaan maka harus ditemukan titik singgung agar dapat berjalan seiring. Dalam praktek, delik adat diakomodir dalam yurisprudensi pengadilan dan revisi KUHP di Indonesia. Permasalahan dalam tulisan ini adalah: Bagaimanakah eksistensi delik adat dalam hukum pidana materiil Indonesia?; dan Bagaimanakan konsep asas legalitas untuk KUHP Indonesia yang dapat mengakomodir delik adat ? Delik adat diakui dalam hukum formal Indonesia. Untuk mengakomodir delik adat, maka asas legalitas diperluas penerapannya, yang meliputi asas legalitas formal dan material. Penerapan asas legalitas material dengan syarat: kontekstual; pidana yang dijatuhkan tidak bertentangan dengan Pancasila; pembatasan subyek hukum; bersifat premum remedium dalam kasus tertentu.