bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Zoo Food Be Chopped for Ruffed Lemurs? It's Not so Black and White
Authors: Davison Jenna Mae , Hammond Amy , Abernethy‐Palmer Georgia , Brereton James Edward 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWhole food diets in zoos have the potential to reduce microbial contamination and keeper preparation time, whilst also reducing food nutrient breakdown. Given these benefits, it is important to determine whether there is any value in chopping up food. Lemurs (Family Lemuridae) are common in zoos, with over 7500 individuals housed globally. Given their regular occurrence in collections, plus the high incidence of frugivory, lemurs are an excellent taxon to investigate food presentation effects on behavior. A study was undertaken at Beale Wildlife Park on a group of four black‐and‐white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) to investigate food presentation and preference. Animal behavior was recorded using instantaneous focal sampling at 60 s intervals to record state behaviors and continuous focal sampling to record event behaviors in 1‐h sessions. Food preference was done by recording the first three food items consumed by individual lemurs. Overall, food manipulation was significantly increased during whole food presentation allowing the lemurs to display species‐specific behaviors. Feeding and foraging were highest during very chopped food condition and inactivity was lowest in very chopped food presentation. When looking at aggressive interactions, there was an increase in stealing and locomotion with food during whole food presentation, whereas biting and startle were lower. Proving high‐value food items chopped and low‐value food items whole could reduce aggression while reduce aggression seen over high‐value food items. For food preference, sweet potato was consistently in the top three food items for all lemurs, with beetroot being the second most‐picked food item. This suggests that these individuals have a strong preference for food items high in carbohydrates. Keeper preparation time was significantly reduced during whole food preparation. Further research assessing a wider range of zoo‐housed species would be beneficial to assess the effects of food presentation on behavior.
Studies of Parity Violation in Atoms
Authors: Nanos Stefanos , Papigkiotis Iraklis , Antypas Dionysios 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudies of the effects of the weak interaction in atomic systems provide tests of the Standard Model of particle physics, and explore physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model. In addition, these studies can offer valuable insights into low‐energy nuclear physics. An overview of the field of atomic parity violation is provided, and implications to nuclear and particle physics and ongoing experimental efforts are discussed. Furthermore, the plans for precision measurements of the signatures of the weak interaction in atomic ytterbium are discussed.
High‐Entropy Electrolyte Driven by Multi‐Solvation Structures for Long‐Lifespan Aqueous Zinc Metal Pouch Cells
Authors: Wang Ziqing , Diao Jiefeng , Vaidyula Rinish R. , Henkelman Graeme , Mullins C. Buddie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are promising candidates for grid‐scale energy storage due to their low cost and high safety. However, the poor stability and the unfavorable freezing point of aqueous electrolytes hinder their actual application. Herein, a ternary salts‐based high‐entropy electrolyte (HEE) composed of Zn0.2Na0.4Li0.4(ClO4)1.2 ⋅ 7H2O is proposed to address the above issues. The addition of perchlorate salts with different cations reduces the size of ion clusters, significantly increases the solvation structure species, and promotes the anion‐rich Zn2+ solvation structures, resulting in an enlarged electrochemical stability window, favorable viscosity and ionic conductivity, and low freezing point. Furthermore, advanced characterization and theoretical calculations confirm that multiple types of solvation structures effectively increase the entropy of the electrolyte. As a consequence, the Zn/Zn symmetric cells in HEE can sustainably cycle for at least 1000 hours and 1500 hours under room and subzero temperatures, respectively. The Na0.33V2O5/Zn and polyaniline/Zn full cells can even last for 30000 and 20000 cycles without capacity decay at −20 °C, respectively. The pouch cells employing HEE deliver promising capacity and stability, even at high mass loading of active materials. This strategy of introducing multiple salts with different cations to construct a high‐entropy environment provides a facile approach for high‐performance and long‐lifespan AZMBs across a wide temperature range.
Regulating Interface Dipole Interaction between Ethers and Active Species Toward Highly Stable Li‐SPAN Batteries
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Wu Shuang , Hao Zhimeng , Shang Long , Guo Mao , Hou Jinze , Shao Siyuan , Li Haixia , Li Yixin , Lu Yong , Zhang Kai , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is recognized as a promising organic cathode for long‐lifespan lithium metal batteries. Nevertheless, the irreversible cleavage/formation of multiple sulfur‐sulfur (S−S) bonds of SPAN within conventional ether‐based electrolytes results in loss of active S species, severe capacity fading and shuttle effects. Herein, we propose a new electrolyte based on dipropyl ether (PE) solvent for Li‐SPAN batteries. Benefiting from the particular chain‐coordination structure and weak dipole interactions with Li+ and active species, the resulting electrolyte not only achieves low desolvation energy barrier and high Li+ transference number, but also displays stable electrolyte‐electrode interface (EEI). Consequently, the full cells utilizing this electrolyte exhibit good cyclability, outstanding capacity retention and superior extreme‐temperature (−50 °C to 50 °C) performance. Furthermore, the Ah‐scale pouch cell with lean electrolyte (2.5 g Ah−1) achieves record cycle stability with 96.5 % capacity retention after 75 cycles, which deliver an initial specific energy density of 150 Wh kg−1 (based on the weight of the entire cell). Impressively, this strategy demonstrates universality in a series of organic electrodes employing with PE‐based electrolytes. This work highlights the strategy for modulating the dipole interaction at EEI for long‐lifespan Li‐organic batteries at extreme conditions.
Vertically Expanded Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation into Oxygen
Authors: Xie Shuailei , Liu Ruoyang , Liu Nengyi , Xu Hetao , Chen Xiong , Wang Xinchen , Jiang Donglin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks with unique π architectures and pores could be developed as photocatalysts for transformations. However, they usually form π‐stacking layers, so that only surface layers function in photocatalysis. Here we report a strategy for developing vertically expanded frameworks to expose originally inaccessible active sites hidden in layers to catalysis. We designed covalently linked two‐dimensional cobalt(II) porphyrin layers and explored coordination bonds to connect the cobalt(II) porphyrin layers with bidentate ligands via a three‐component one‐pot polymerization. The resultant frameworks expand the interlayer space greatly, where both the up and down faces of each cobalt(II) porphyrin layer are exposed to reactants. Unexpectedly, the vertically expanded frameworks increase skeleton oxidation potentials, decrease exciton dissociation energy, improve pore hydrophilicity and affinity to water, and facilitate water delivery. Remarkably, these positive effects work collectively in the photocatalysis of water oxidation into oxygen, with an oxygen production rate of 1155 μmol g−1 h−1, a quantum efficiency of 1.24 % at 450 nm, and a turnover frequency of 1.39 h−1, which is even 5.1‐fold as high as that of the π‐stacked frameworks and ranks them the most effective photocatalysts. This strategy offers a new platform for designing layer frameworks to build various catalytic systems for chemical transformations.
Palladium Single Atom‐supported Covalent Organic Frameworks for Aqueous‐phase Hydrogenative Hydrogenolysis of Aromatic Aldehydes via Hydrogen Heterolysis
Authors: Ouyang Zhihao , Sheng Guan , Zhong Yao , Wang Jun , Cai Jianxin , Deng Shuguang , Deng Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeveloping a method for the tandem hydrogenative hydrogenolysis of bio‐based furfuryl aldehydes to methylfurans is crucial for synthesizing sustainable biofuels and chemicals; however, it poses a challenge due to the easy hydrogenation of the C=C bond and difficult cleavage of the C−O bond. Herein, a palladium (Pd) single‐atom‐supported covalent organic framework was fabricated and showed a unique 2,5‐dimethylfuran yield of up to 98.2 % when reacted with 5‐methyl furfuryl aldehyde in an unprecedented water solvent at 30 °C. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent catalytic universality while converting various furfuryl‐, benzyl‐, and heterocyclic aldehydes at room temperature. The analysis of the catalytic mechanism confirmed that H2 was heterolytically activated on the Pd−N pair and triggered the keto‐enol tautomerism of the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) host, resulting in H−−Pd⋅⋅⋅O−H+ sites. These sites served as novel asymmetric hydrogenation sites for the C=O group and hydrogenolysis sites for the C−OH group through a scarce SN2 mechanism. This study demonstrated remarkable bifunctional catalysis through the H2‐induced keto‐enol tautomerism of COF catalysts for the atypical preparation of methyl aromatics in a water solvent at room temperature.
Enhancing the Cumulene Character of One‐Dimensional Acetylene‐Based Systems by Stimuli‐Induced Planarization of Their Two Pro‐diradicaloid Cyclopenta[h,i]aceanthrylene Units
Authors: Fernández Álvaro Corrochano , Rivero Samara Medina , Chaurasia Sumit , Torres Tomás , Casado Juan , Bottari Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcetylene/polyynes −(C≡C−)n and cumulenes =(C=)n are connectors widely used for the realization of one‐dimensional (1D) π‐conjugates. Although both π‐moieties are constituted by sp carbon atoms, their different bond connectivity confers distinct physicochemical properties to the resulting systems. In this context, while many acetylene/polyyne‐ and cumulene‐based derivatives have been prepared and studied, no reports have tackled the possibility to reversibly alter the acetylene/polyyne‐cumulene electronic character of these derivatives using mild conditions. Herein, we present a novel approach to enhance the cumulene character of 1D acetylene‐based conjugates consisting in the preparation of derivatives featuring an acetylene moiety connecting two pro‐diradicaloid species, namely cyclopenta[h,i]aceanthrylene (CPA), at their pro‐radical positions. A thoughtful spectroscopic study of the prepared dimers, complemented by theoretical calculations, suggest a high π‐electronic delocalization of the pro‐diradicaloid CPAs through the central acetylene spacer upon the dimers’ planarization which, in turn, increases the cumulenic character of the acetylenic π‐bridge, a feature enhanced for one of the two dimers at low temperature and in methylcyclohexane due to an aggregation‐induced planarization process. We reckon that the proposed approach offers an interesting avenue towards the realization of 1D systems which cumulenic character of the acetylenic π‐connector could be altered in response to external stimuli.
Supramolecular Spring‐Like Fe(II) Spin‐Crossover Complexes Experiencing Giant and Anisotropic Thermal Expansion Across Two Distinct Temperature Regimes
Authors: Zhao Xin‐Hua , Deng Yi‐Fei , Xi Jing , Huang Jia‐Quan , Zhang Yuan‐Zhu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDynamic molecules with tunable chemical and physical properties in response to external stimuli hold great potential for applications in various fields such as information storage, smart molecular machines, and biomimetics. Among them, supramolecular springs and spin‐crossover (SCO) complexes can both undergo visible macroscopic changes under heat or light stimulation. In this study, we synthesized a unique trinuclear Fe(II)‐SCO complex, [(R−L)FeII{Au(CN)2}2] (R 1), using a chiral chelating ligand decorated with rotatable benzyl rings. The [FeAu2] trinuclear molecules form a 21‐helical supramolecular chain via elastic Au
Au contacts. Interestingly, the synergy between the multiple dynamic factors (SCO event, rotation of the rings, and flexibility in Au
Au distance) endows the complex with multiple switchings in both magnetism and structure, as well as the most intriguing characteristic of giant and anisotropic “breathing” feature in thermal expansion within two distinct temperature regimes. Specifically, complex R 1 undergoes two hysteretic magnetic transitions: a non‐spin transition between 360 and 380 K and an unsymmetric SCO transition in the region of 160–280 K, associated with a symmetry‐breaking event between the non‐polar and polar space groups (P212121↔P21). Both transitions are triggered/accompanied by the rotation (inward vs. outward) of the benzyl rings. Correspondingly, reversible spring‐like motions of the helical chains with the helical pitches varying from 11.345140 K to 12.509280 K then back to 11.630380 K Å are observed in the two distinct temperature regimes. This work demonstrates a significant success in incorporating both SCO and spring‐like motion in one system, paving the way for designing multifunctional dynamic materials for future devices.
Reversible Redox Probes to Determine Band‐Edge Locations and Dopant Concentrations of Nano‐TiO2 Thin‐Films: Settling the Mott‐Schottky Conundrum
Authors: Khurana Divyansh Anil , Plankensteiner Nina , Vermang Bart , Vereecken Philippe M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKnowing the exact location of the semiconductor band‐edges is key for mechanistic insights into their use for water and CO2 photo/electrocatalysis. In this regard, a reliable strategy for nano‐semiconductors did not exist yet. We demonstrate the use of reversible redox probes on nano‐semiconductor electrodes to determine their band‐edge locations in aqueous solutions. Rectifying current‐potential (i‐U) characteristics with the high work function (i.e. more positive formal potential) Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64− redox couple yielded the exact flatband potential at various pH whereas the reversible i‐U characteristics with the low work function (i.e. more negative formal potential) Ru(NH3)63+/Ru(NH3)62+ redox couple provided the conduction band‐edge location and dopant concentration for a 30 nm thin‐film n‐TiO2. The methodology can be extended to other nano‐semiconductors and serves as an alternative to and goes beyond the capabilities of the Mott‐Schottky procedure for bulk semiconductor electrodes.
Core–Shell–Satellite Au@CeO2–Pd Plasmonical Photocatalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Zhao Xiaohua , Liu Xiaoxiao , Liu Xiang , Li Weiyi , Wang Ping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntegration of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) metallic nanocrystals into photocatalysis is an intriguing approach for light‐driven organic transformations. However, uncertain direction of hot carriers is a grand challenge, which fails to take full advantage of the LSPR excitation. In this work, core–shell gold@ceria nanosphere–supported segregated palladium species (Au@CeO2–Pd) have developed to steer the light absorption capability and charge carrier migration. Under simulated solar light irradiation, the core–shell–satellite Au@CeO2–Pd exhibited efficient light harvesting and colossal activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. The plasmon‐induced hot electrons overpassed the Schottky barrier at the Au@CeO2 interfaces and migrated from Au core to CeO2 shell accordingly. Subsequently, the photogenerated electrons and hot electrons migrated from Au@CeO2 core–shells to Pd, which acted as an electron acceptor. Detailed photocatalytic mechanism studies revealed that both photoexcited electrons and holes were the main active species involved in the photocatalytic Suzuki coupling reaction process. In particular, the diphenyl yield over Au@CeO2–Pd catalyst was ~1.7 times higher than that of core–shell–satellite Au@SiO2–Pd, where a 19‐nm‐thick SiO2 shell was introduced to prevent the migration of hot electrons. This distinctly certified that the hot electrons transfer in the core–shell–satellite Au@CeO2–Pd under illumination played an important role to drive Suzuki reaction. Overall, this design of core–shell–satellite Au@CeO2–Pd plasmonic photocatalyst has the potential in the field of photo‐driven organic transformations.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Polyacrylate Nanocomposites Embedded With Metal Oxides as Enhanced Multipurpose Nanocarriers for Long‐Term Anti‐Inflammatory and Amazing Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Sobh Rokaya A. , Magar Hend S. , Fahim Asmaa M. , El‐Masry Hossam M. , Hashem M. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe design of super‐antimicrobially active multipurpose nanocarriers as polymeric nanocomposites embedded with metal oxides with sustained drug release is beneficial in medical treatment for controlling inflammation and targeting a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. Brilliant metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx) involving selenium dioxide, titanium dioxide, and vanadium pentoxide were well prepared in good yields, and their morphologies and structures were specified. Then they were embedded in copolymeric nanocomposites through in situ microemulsion polymerization of (E)‐2‐cyano‐N‐cyclohexyl‐3‐(dimethylamino)acrylamide (CHAA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and acrylic acid (AA). In addition, ibuprofen was then loaded into the synthesized polymers and their nanocomposites to achieve high drug entrapment efficiency EE%, and its release behavior was studied in various simulated fluids. The produced drug‐loaded polymers and their nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Well‐defined nanospheres of polymeric‐metal oxide nanocomposites were generated in a size range of 50 nm, with ibuprofen loaded at a high encapsulation efficiency of approximately 97%. In vitro drug release was inspected for the polymer and its nanocomposites revealing that the presence of metal oxide nanoparticles resulted in prolonged and sustained release behavior for wound dressing. The antimicrobial study based on the zone of inhibition against various pathogenic microorganisms showed excellent activity against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Candida albicans. These findings validate the potential of these nanocomposites to serve as a viable upcoming antimicrobial agent for the treatment of human ailments.
FeBTC MOF‐Derived Fe3O4@C Nanocomposite: Controlled Synthesis and Application as Potential Adsorbent for Rhodamine Dye Elimination From Wastewater
Authors: Said Mohamed I. , Abd EL‐Wahab Mohamed M. , Sadek Alshimaa M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the controlled synthesis of a novel Fe3O4@C magnetic nanocomposite derived from FeBTC metal–organic framework (MOF) and its application as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of rhodamine dye from wastewater. The FeBTC MOF was first synthesized and then thermally decomposed in a controlled oxygen atmosphere at 375°C (1 h) to form the Fe3O4@C nanocomposite with a magnetic Fe3O4 core embedded in a porous carbon matrix. A comprehensive characterization of the nanocomposite was performed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the successful formation and to evaluate its structural and morphological properties. The morphological investigation revealed that the particles of Fe3O4 had a spherical shape with diameter of 10–15 nm. The carbon coating appeared as a thin amorphous layer surrounding the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@C for rhodamine B (RhB) dye was assessed under various conditions, including different pH values, contact times, initial dye concentrations, and temperatures. Complete dye removal was attained in 45 min using 50 mg of the nanocomposite and 50 mL of 5.0 ppm RhB at the optimum pH of 9.1. Under the same experimental conditions, the highest adsorption capacity of 13.0 mg/g was obtained, but using 15.0 mg of the nanocomposite. Fe3O4@C nanocomposite exhibits high adsorption efficiency, with a maximum removal capacity of 100%, which is clearly superior to many conventional adsorbents. This performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the magnetic Fe3O4 and the large surface area of the carbon matrix. Kinetic models were employed to understand the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo‐second‐order model. The reusability of the adsorbent was tested over multiple cycles and showed a minimal loss of performance (drops to 93.0% after five removal cycles). The study demonstrates that the Fe3O4@C nanocomposite is a promising candidate for the effective removal of organic dyes from wastewater, offering potential benefits for environmental remediation and sustainable water management.
Linear parameter varying μ synthesis robust control of CDC semi‐active suspension system for nonlinearity and uncertainty
Authors: Kou Farong , Li Shenglin , Yang Xudong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBecause the continuous damping control (CDC) semi‐active suspension system has complex nonlinear and uncertain characteristics that can significantly affect the performance of the system. And in the controller design process, achieving a balance of multiple performance objectives is often difficult. Therefore, this paper designs a linear parameter varying (LPV) μ synthesis robust controller for the vibration suppression and multi‐objective control of a 7‐degree‐of‐freedom (7‐DOF) vehicle suspension system equipped with CDC dampers. Firstly, the nonlinear force model of the solenoid valve CDC damper is developed based on the actual damping variation. Considering the nonlinear forces of the coil springs, the nonlinear model of the 7‐DOF suspension system is expressed as LPV form. Further, the linear fractional transformation (LFT) method is used to analyze and reconstruct the system model for multiple parameter uncertainties of the suspension. The actuator time delays are also simulated through a frequency domain transfer function, which is considered to be an unmodeled dynamic at the input of the system. Finally, an LPV‐μ synthesis robust controller based on nonlinearity and mixed uncertainty is designed to improve car ride comfort and achieve the best relationship between comfort and handling stability. Simulation and experimental results under random disturbance conditions show that the LPV‐μ synthesis controller has better anti‐jamming performance and controllability compared to the H∞ controller and μ synthesis controller.