bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SERBIAN PEOPLE AND THE STATE TO THE TURKISH CONQUEST: THE EXPERIENCE OF HISTORICAL-LEGAL RESEARCH
Authors: Melnikov Victor Yu. , Tsechoyev Valery K. , Seregin Andrei V. , Cherkasova Marina A. , S. Stepanenko Alexey , V. Akhrameeva Olga 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The article analyzes the hypotheses about the Carpathian and Azov ancestral home of the Serbian tribes and the political role of the territory of ancient Raska in the formation of medieval Serbian statehood via comparative legal and historical methods.
Methodology: The methodological basis of this study is the dialectical method of cognition of social and legal phenomena and the concepts in their development and interdependence. Data was obtained from scientific, historical, and legal documents.
Main Findings: The drafters of the Law sought to overcome the disparity in court proceedings and bring legal norms into a certain system, taking into account the needs of feudalism. The author comes to the conclusion that the preservation of Serbian ethnic identity influenced the restoration of statehood in the XIX century due to the spiritually and economically self-governing zadruge.
Applications: This research can be used by historical organizations, educational organizations as well as by history scholars.
Novelty/Originality: Serbian people and Turkish conquest has been studied using historical-legal documents.
On the possibility to increase sensitivity of diagnostic tests for fixed pulmonary hypertension in heart transplant candidates
Authors: Bortsova M. A. , Bautin A. E. , Yakovlev A. S. , Fedotov P. A. , Sazonova Yu. V. , Marichev A. O. , Tashkhanov D. M. , Sukhova I. V. , Vizer R. V. , Moiseeva O. M. , Sitnikova M. Yu. , Gordeev M. L. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Fixed pulmonary hypertension (PH) in heart transplant candidates is a risk factor for right ventricular failure in the postoperative period and early mortality. Patients with fixed PH are not included in the waiting list. Thus, the correct assessment of the pulmonary circulation before the operation affects both clinical management and prognosis. Aim: To reduce the risk of incorrect patient non-inclusion to the waiting list by reduction of false negative test results for PH reversibility.Materials and methods: Fourteen heart transplant candidates were included in this retrospective cohort single center study. Fixed PH with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) exceeding 3.5 Wood's units was found in all these patients using right heart catheterization and pulmonary vasoreactivity tests. Initially, these patients had not been put into the waiting list. Pulmonary catheterization was performed in the intensive care unit with a Swan-Ganz catheter and pre-pulmonary thermodilution technique. To perform pulmonary vasoreactivity tests, inhaled iloprost (n = 12) or nitric oxide (n = 2) were used. Subsequently all patients received levosimendan infusion at a dose of 12.5 (0.05–0.2) mg/kg/min, with repeated pulmonary artery catheterization and pulmonary vasoreactivity tests at 72 hours after the infusion. Pulmonary vasoreactivity tests results allowed 13 patients to be included into the waiting list. Heart transplantation was performed in 8 recipients, with postoperative assessment of their hemodynamic and clinical parameters. Data are presented as median [25th percentile; 75th percentile].Results: After the levosimendan infusion, there was a decrease in the pulmonary artery mean pressure from 45 [36; 47] to 29.5 [23; 37] mm Hg (p < 0.01), and in PVR from 6.9 [4.9; 8.9] to 3.6 [2.9; 5.9] Wood's units (p <0.01). In 7 patients, PVR decreased to less than 3.5 Wood's units: the rest of the patients underwent pulmonary vasoreactivity tests. As a result, 13 of 14 patients showed reversible PH and were included into the waiting list. By the date of the manuscript submission, heart transplantation has been performed in 8 patients. Their PVR 6 hours after surgery was 2.2 [2; 3.1] Wood's units; there were no cases of fixed PH and right heart failure. There was a single death associated to a hemorrhagic stroke at day 6 after heart transplantation. The sensitivity of pre-operative pulmonary vasoreactivity tests with the use of levosimendan was 87.5%.Conclusion: Levosimendan infusion may increase the sensitivity of the pulmonary vasoreactivity tests before patients' inclusion into the waiting list for heart transplantation.
PROSES LITERASI DIGITAL TERHADAP ANAK: Tantangan Pendidikan di Zaman Now
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa , Budiwati B. Heni 
Published: July 2019

Abstact: Digital Literacy Process for Children: Educational Challenges in the Age of Now. The method used in writing this article is the study of literature. Digital literacy is an important pillar for the future of education. Digital literacy is a knowledge base, which is supported by integrated information technology. The purpose of writing this article is to know the important elements in digital literacy and the digital literacy process for children. Nine important elements in the world of digital literacy, namely: Social Networking, Transliteracy, Maintaining Privacy, Managing Digital Identity, Creating Content, Organizing and Sharing Content, Reusing / repurposing Content, Filtering and Selecting Content. Self Broadcasting. Digital literacy process for children through several stages, namely: 1) Digital literacy movement in the family, 2) Digital literacy in the school literacy movement, 2) Digital literacy movement in the community. Abstrak: Proses Literasi Digital Terhadap: Tantangan Pendidikan di Zaman Now. Artikel ini ditulis dengan metode study literarure. Literasi digital merupakan basic pengetahuan yang disupport oleh tekonologi informasi yang saling terhubung. Penulisan artikel ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk memahami bagian-bagian penting dalam literasi digital dan prosedur literasi terhadap anak. Sembilan bagian dalam dunia literasi digital, yaitu social networking, transliterasy, maintaining privasi, managing digital identity, creating content, organizing and sharing content, reusing/repurposing content, filtering and selecting content, self broadcasting. Proses literasi digital terhadap anak memalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu: 1) gerakan literasi digital di dalam keluarga 2) literasi digital dalam gerakan literasi sekolah 3) gerakan literasi digital di dalam masyarakat.
Reservoir and Economic-Uncertainties Assessment for Recovery-Strategy Selection Using Stochastic Decision Trees
Authors: Vincent Philippe , Schaaf Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Summary
The field–development phase before investment approval is characterized by relatively large uncertainties at the time important decisions have to be made. For instance, it is crucial to select an appropriate recovery strategy (depletion or injection) to obtain optimal hydrocarbon cumulative production while ensuring good profitability of the project. Evaluation of the reservoir along with economic uncertainties and quantification of their impact are needed before the field–development concept selection.
In this paper we describe how to stochastically assess reservoir and economic uncertainties and the screening process used to select the best recovery strategy. Our chosen methodology is a combination of uncertainty studies, including continuous, discrete, and controllable parameters. The different screened scenarios are combined in a stochastic decision tree, built up through decision and chance nodes, to establish a distribution of recoverable volumes and rank the recovery strategies given a chosen criterion. A second uncertainty study is performed by adding economic uncertainties to the initial set of reservoir uncertain parameters. Eventually, a new decision tree is established, and scenarios are ranked using economic criteria.
We present an application of this methodology to an oil field from the Norwegian continental shelf and how recovery strategies are ranked in this paper. The described methodology has exhibited the risks and uncertainties carried by the project, as it was possible to rank the different solutions on the basis of the dispersion of the recoverable volumes distribution and/or on the net present value (NPV). In the context of a marginal– or large–capital–expenditure (CAPEX) project, a robust P90 case is required, and this might, therefore, influence the choice of the recovery strategy. For instance, a scenario yielding the largest hydrocarbon volume might not be selected because it requires too many wells and/or too large an investment if one of these criteria is defined as the most important. In addition, the combination of uncertainty studies enabled a full economic evaluation covering the entire recoverable–volumes distribution whereas in many projects, economic evaluation is focused on the P90, mean, and P10 scenarios.
The two–step integrated approach allows a decision to be made while taking into account both reservoir and economic aspects. A combined stochastic approach to the reservoir and economic uncertainties avoids a biased decision. All cases are stochastically covered and screened using a systematic and unified methodology that gives the same weight to each scenario.
Whole genome sequences reveal multiple functions of PAT1 gene on environment adaptation and coat coloration in Tibetan sheep populations
Authors: Liu Jianbin , Ding Xuezhi , Yuan Chao , Zeng Yufeng , Guo Tingting , Zhang Hao , Yue Yaojing , Xu Xilan , Sun Xiaoping , Niu Chune , Yang Bohui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Most sheep breeding programs designed for the tropics and sub-tropics have to take into account the impacts of both productive and adaptive traits. However, the genetic mechanism regulating the multiple biological process remain unclear.
Results: In this study, we report a novel PAT1 gene that simultaneously explained the variations of productive trait (coat color), adaptive traits (altitude and geography response) in 15 indigenous Tibetan sheep populations. Overlapped genomic regions harboring 6 candidate genes across three traits were identified at 27 chromosomes, with the top 1% of Fst and |Zph| values. The SNP/INDELs and expression of these candidate genes were further analyzed, and we find that only PAT1 gene, a CSDE1 homologue was consistent with the variation of multiple traits regarding. Haplotype analysis of PAT1 reveal that Tibetan sheep breeds with C-type of PAT1 have significantly greater body weight, shear amount, chest width and body length, but have lower body height, than those with CA-type of PAT1.
Conclusions: We emphasized that PAT1 gene could be a potentially selective target used for the improvements of environmental adaption and coat coloration in the future. These results contribute to the knowledge of adaptive response in Tibetan sheep populations and will help to guide future conservation programs for Tibetan sheep native to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Elevated plasma D-dimer levels are associated with short-term poor outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Yao Tao , Tian Bo-Lin , Li Gang , CUI QIN , Wang Cui-fang , Zhang Qi , Peng Bo , Gao Yan , Zhan Yan-Qiang , Hu Dan , Xu Lu , Wang Gao-Hua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Elevated levels of plasma D-dimer increase the risk of ischemic stroke, stroke severity, and the progression of stroke status, but the association between plasma D-dimer level and functional outcome is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether plasma D-dimer level is a determinant of short-term poor functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: This prospective study included 877 Chinese patients with AIS admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University within 72 h of symptom onset. Patients were categorized by plasma D-dimer level: Quartile 1(≤0.24 mg/L), Quartile 2 (0.25–0.56 mg/L), Quartile 3 (0.57–1.78 mg/L), and Quartile 4 (>1.78 mg/L). The medical record of each patient was reviewed, and demographic, clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging information was abstracted. Functional outcome at 90 days was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale. Results: Poor outcome was present in 302 (34.4%) of the 877 patients that were included in the study (mean age, 64 years; male, 68.5%). After adjustment for potential confounding variables, higher plasma D-dimer level on admission was associated with poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.257, 95% confidence interval 1.349–3.777 for Q4:Q1; P trend = 0.004). According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the best discriminating factor for poor outcome was a plasma D-dimer level ≥0.315 mg/L (area under the ROC curve 0.657; sensitivity 83.8%; specificity 41.4%). Conclusion: Elevated plasma D-dimer levels on admission are significantly associated with poor outcome after admission for AIS, suggesting the potential role of plasma D-dimer level as a predictive marker for short-term poor outcome in patients with AIS.
Managing ‘Egan’ Wheat with a Gene for High Grain Protein
Authors: Torrion Jessica A. , Walsh Olga S. , Liang Xi , Bicego Breno , Sapkota Anish 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
No inverse relation existed between grain yield and protein when N > 100 kg ha−1 for Egan.
An inverse relationship between grain yield and protein in Egan was only evident at a very low N level.
An inverse relationship between Egan grain yield and protein was also evident with year, but grain protein remained at a premium level as long as N > 100 kg ha−1.
Grain yield was limited via reduced productive tillers and grain number on a drought year.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with Gpc‐B1 gene are known to achieve high grain protein, which may reduce the N input for achieving high grain yield and quality. Our objectives were to: (i) determine the minimum N input for grain yield and protein in ‘Egan’ wheat at varying moisture levels and (ii) identify the grain yield‐limiting components for Egan. A study was conducted during 2016–2017 at Creston, MT, on fine sandy loam soil. The experimental design was a strip‐split plot with four replicates. Water regimes of 50% evapotranspiration (50ET), 75% (75ET), 100% (100ET), and rainfed comprised the vertical strips arranged randomly with the horizontal N treatments (control, 168, 224, and 280 kg N ha−1). The grain protein, at N > 100 kg ha−1, was stable regardless of yield. An inverse relationship between grain yield and protein was observed only when N was limiting (45 kg ha−1 NO3–N; 2017 control) where tissue N value is approaching the critical N level (1.8%). Overall, the grain protein also was impacted by environment (year). The yield was mostly influenced by moisture. During 2016 (average year), yield of the deficit treatments was similar to 100ET due to the rainfall events. During 2017 (dry/hot year), yield was reduced with decreasing moisture, which was mostly attributed to the reduced yield sink capacity–reduced productive tiller and grain number at lower moisture levels. Providing the total N does not fall below 100 kg ha−1, yield can be optimized with irrigation with premium protein values.
Winter‐Season Gaseous Nitrogen Emissions in Subtropical Climate: Impacts of Pig Slurry Injection and Nitrification Inhibitor
Authors: Aita Celso , Chantigny Martin H. , Gonzatto Rogério , Miola Ezequiel C.C. , Rochette Philippe , Pujol Stefen B. , dos Santos Daniela B. , Giacomini Diego A. , Giacomini Sandro J. 
Published: July 2019

Controlling nitrogen (N) losses from pig slurry (PS) is a challenge under no‐till because amendments are left on the soil surface. We investigated the potential of shallow injection of PS, with and without addition of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), to abate gaseous ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in winter crops in subtropical soils. Injection was compared with surface broadcasting of PS, with and without DCD. The significance of winter season on annual N2O emissions was assessed. Injecting PS reduced NH3volatilization compared with surface application. However, this reduction was partly offset because N2O emissions increased by 77% (+1.53 kg N2O‐N ha−1) when PS was injected. Adding DCD to injected PS reduced N2O emission below levels of surface‐broadcast PS without the inhibitor, indicating that DCD may be a management option when injecting PS. Compared with a reference urea treatment, PS without DCD increased cumulative N2O emissions 5.7‐fold (from 613 to 3515 g N2O‐N ha−1) when injected, and 3.2‐fold (from 613 to 1980 g N2O‐N ha−1) when surface applied. Adding DCD significantly reduced emissions with injected PS, whereas reduction was not always significant with surface‐applied PS. Nitrous oxide emissions during the winter cropping season contributed 30 to 44% of annual emissions, indicating that controlling gaseous N losses in that season is required to reduce the environmental footprint of the whole cropping system. Overall, combining PS injection with DCD was an efficient practice for reducing winter‐season gaseous N losses from no‐till soils under subtropical climate.Core IdeasWinter‐season NH3and N2O were measured after pig slurry additions to no‐till soils.N2O emissions during the winter season contributed 30 to 44% of annual emissions.Shallow injection of pig slurry reduced NH3volatilization but increased N2O emissions.DCD added to pig slurry more than offset the increase in N2O emissions with injection.Pig slurry injection combined with DCD reduces gaseous N losses in subtropical soils.
Future Phosphorus: Advancing New 2D Phosphorus Allotropes and Growing a Sustainable Bioeconomy
Authors: Jarvie Helen P. , Flaten Don , Sharpley Andrew N. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Healy Mark G. , King Stephen M. 
Published: July 2019

With more than 40 countries currently proposing to boost their national bioeconomies, there is no better time for a clarion call for a “new” bioeconomy, which, at its core, tackles the current disparities and inequalities in phosphorus (P) availability. Existing biofuel production systems have widened P inequalities and contributed to a linear P economy, impairing water quality and accelerating dependence on P fertilizers manufactured from finite nonrenewable phosphate rock reserves. Here, we explore how the emerging bioeconomy in novel, value‐added, bio‐based products offers opportunities to rethink our stewardship of P. Development of integrated value chains of new bio‐based products offers opportunities for codevelopment of “P refineries” to recover P fertilizer products from organic wastes. Advances in material sciences are exploiting unique semiconductor and opto‐electrical properties of new “two‐dimensional” (2D) P allotropes (2D black phosphorus and blue phosphorus). These novel P materials offer the tantalizing prospect of step‐change innovations in renewable energy production and storage, in biomedical applications, and in biomimetic processes, including artificial photosynthesis. They also offer a possible antidote to the P paradox that our agricultural production systems have engineered us into, as well as the potential to expand the future role of P in securing sustainability across both agroecological and technological domains of the bioeconomy. However, a myriad of social, technological, and commercialization hurdles remains to be crossed before such an advanced circular P bioeconomy can be realized. The emerging bioeconomy is just one piece of a much larger puzzle of how to achieve more sustainable and circular horizons in our future use of P.Core Ideas
Society's vision for a more circular economy must go beyond the C cycle to include P.
Some biofuel systems have widened P inequalities and contributed to a linear P economy.
New bioeconomy in bio‐based products offers an opportunity to rethink P stewardship.
A circular bioeconomy requires efficient P reuse, recovery, and recycling from waste.
New 2D P allotrope technologies offer a potential antidote to our current P “paradox.”
Recent Advances of Silver Nanoparticles in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Huy Tran Q. , Huyen Pham T.M. , Le Anh-Tuan , Tonezzer Matteo 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known as a promising antimicrobial material;
they have been widely used in many commercial products against pathogenic agents. Despite a growing concern
regarding the cytotoxicity, AgNPs still have attracted considerable interest worldwide to develop a new generation
of diagnostic tool and effective treatment solution for cancer cells.

Objective:
This paper aims to review the advances of AgNPs applied for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Methods:
The database has been collected, screened and analysed through up-to-date scientific articles published
from 2007 to May 2019 in peer-reviewed international journals.

Results:
The findings of the database have been analysed and divided into three parts of the text that deal with
AgNPs in cancer diagnosis, their cytotoxicity, and the role as carrier systems for cancer treatment. Thanks to
their optical properties, high conductivity and small size, AgNPs have been demonstrated to play an essential
role in enhancing signals and sensitivity in various biosensing platforms. Furthermore, AgNPs also can be used
directly or developed as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment.

Conclusion:
The review paper will help readers understand more clearly and systematically the role and advances
of AgNPs in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Optimization of Linear Antenna Array Using Binary Cat Swarm Optimization (BCSO)
Authors: Kundu Krishanu , Pathak Narendra Nath , Dwivedi Atul Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Antennas serve a vital aspect in modern wireless communication. Designing antennas
with very high directivity is very important to solve the long-distance communication problem.
Though regularly excited and evenly spaced linear antenna arrays delivers good directivity but also leads
to problem related to higher side lobe. For diminishing the level of side lobe, the array can be constructed
either by amending the excitation amplitudes non-uniformly with all physical spaces of the antenna elements
keeping consistent or vice versa.

Methods:
In this work, a novel mathematical objective function has been formulated. The objective function
has been solved using a recently developed evolutionary optimization technique, i.e., Binary cat
swarm optimization. So for better efficiency, the cat swarm optimization technique has been modified.

Results:
The results have been compared with the popular algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle
Swarm Optimization (PSO), Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) in terms of Side Lobe Level (SLL),
achieved fitness and execution time. The proposed algorithm achieves 0.5dB, 1.7 dB and 3dB smaller
SLL as compared to CSO, PSO and GA respectively. In addition to SLL, achieved fitness using BCSO is
in the range of 0.001 which is smallest among the compared algorithms.

Conclusion:
It was found that the modified version namely binary cat swarm optimization algorithm outperform
other well-known evolutionary optimization algorithms.