bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phasenübergang durch chemische Substitution
Authors: Rader Oliver , Sánchez‐Barriga Jaime , Springholz Gunther 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKürzlich wurde entdeckt, wie sich zwei Klassen topologischer Isolatoren ineinander überführen lassen. Die Art und Weise, wie das geschieht, verspricht neue funktionelle Eigenschaften in den Materialien. So ließen sich elektrische oder spintronische Kanäle mit Spannungspulsen ein‐ und ausschalten.
Auf die Anordnung kommt es an
Authors: Detert Heiner 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Displays sind stäbchenförmige Flüssigkristalle verbreitet, scheibenförmige etwa aus Tristriazolotriazinen werden erst seit einigen Jahren untersucht. Sie eignen sich möglicherweise als Datenspeicher oder für den 3‐D‐Druck. Über die Synthese solcher Flüssigkristalle und deren Eigenschaften.
18. Deutscher Fluortag in Schmitten
Authors: Schmidt Bernd M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMitte September fand in Schmitten im Taunus der 18. Deutsche Fluortag statt, der seit mehr als 30 Jahren in zweijährigem Turnus veranstaltet wird. Über 100 Wissenschaftler aus Industrie und Hochschule, überwiegend Promovierende, nahmen an der Veranstaltung teil. In den 38 Vorträgen ging es um Fluor in Biochemie, anorganischer und organischer Synthesechemie sowie in Anwendungen der Materialwissenschaften.
Viertes Doktorandenseminar Nucleinsäurechemie in Bad Herrenalb
Authors: Richert Clemens 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMitte September trafen sich Doktoranden, Betreuer, Mitglieder der Deutschen Nucleinsäurechemiegemeinschaft (DNG) und Gäste zum vierten Doktorandenseminar der DNG in Bad Herrenalb. Die Veranstaltung zog diesmal 53 Teilnehmer an; sie umfasste vier Methodenvorträge eingeladener Referenten, zwölf Doktorandenvorträge sowie 19 Poster.
Global Citizenship Education
Authors: Cantón Alicia , Garcia Brenda Ivonne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's “global citizenship education” model provides the background for the Universidad de Monterrey intercultural competence initiative. Acting on Nelson Mandela's advice that “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world,” this cocurricular approach documented positive learning outcomes for UDEM's students.
Closing the Gap and Exploring the Intersections Between Internationalization and Multiculturalism
Authors: Lee Donna A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPreparing students for twenty‐first century leadership and citizenship requires deepening students’ understanding of diversity and difference. U.S. higher education institutions must seek ways to bridge the historic gap between internationalization and multiculturalism as a means of addressing some of the moral imperatives of these times.
The Irreducibility of Emotional Phenomenology
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmotion theory includes attempts to reduce or assimilate emotions to states such as bodily feelings, beliefs-desire combinations, and evaluative judgements. Resistance to such approaches is motivated by the claim that emotions possess asui generisphenomenology. Uriah Kriegel defends a new form of emotion reductivism which avoids positing irreducible emotional phenomenology by specifying emotions’ phenomenal character in terms of a combination of other phenomenologies. This article argues Kriegel’s approach, and similar proposals, are unsuccessful, since typical emotional experiences are constituted bysui generisfeelings towards value.
The Self-Hollowing Problem of the Radical Sceptical Paradox
Authors: Lai Changsheng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide a new solution to the radical sceptical paradox. A sceptical paradox purports to indicate the inconsistency within our fundamental epistemological commitments that are all seemingly plausible. Typically, sceptics employ an intuitively appealing epistemic principle (e.g., the closure principle, the underdetermination principle) to derive the sceptical conclusion. This paper will reveal a dilemma intrinsic to the sceptical paradox, which I refer to as the self-hollowing problem of radical scepticism. That is, on the one hand, if the sceptical conclusion turns out to be true, then the epistemic principle employed by sceptics would lose its foundation of plausibility; on the other hand, if the sceptical conclusion does not follow, then the sceptical problem would not arise. In either case, the so-called sceptical paradox cannot be a genuine paradox. This new solution has three theoretical merits: it is undercutting, less theory-laden, and widely applicable.
Long‐term ecological research on Korean forest ecosystems: the current status and challenges
Authors: Yun Soon Jin , Chun Junghwa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present study aims to monitor the long‐term changes in forest structure, productivity, nutrient cycling, and to accumulate ecological information on forest ecosystem in Korea. There are six long‐term ecological research sites and seven flux measurement sites in Korea. The Gwangneung experimental forest (GEF) located in the central cool‐temperate forest sub zone is known as a model site where many interdisciplinary researches have been ongoing actively since mid‐1990s over all other Korea long‐term ecological research sites (KLTER). Collected data and information through monitoring and investigation of changes in forest ecosystem have been stored in a database for analyses. The relative importance of tree species (%) of GEF was in the order Quercus serrata (20) = Euonymus oxyphyllus (20) > Carpinus laxiflora (12). The total biomass and basal area were 249.53 t ha−1 and 26.66 m2 ha−1, respectively. There were 136 taxa with 49 families, with 97 genera, 11 varieties, 3 forma, and 1 subspecies in 1 ha permanent plot. The increase in temperature has been estimated to have negative effects on tree growth. The litter decomposition rate was in the order Cornus controversa < C. cordata < C. laxiflora < Q. serrata. The average litterfall and soil respiration were 5803 kg ha−1 and 8600 kg C ha−1, respectively. Further, the GEF, a KLTER site tended to be almost carbon neutral with an annual growth average of 51,000 ± 78,000 kg ha−1. The data from six LTER sites are digitalized and classified to build data catalogs on the ecological information system. The information on stand dynamics and materials and energy budget in the forest ecosystem is utilized for impact assessment and the study of adaptation strategy for forest ecosystem to climate change.
Subjective Well-being and Partnership Dynamics: Are Same-Sex Relationships Different?
Authors: Chen Shuai , van Ours Jan C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe analyze Dutch panel data to investigate whether partnership has a causal effect on subjective well-being. As in previous studies, we find that, on average, being in a partnership improves well-being. Well-being gains of marriage are larger than those of cohabitation. The well-being effects of partnership formation and disruption are symmetric. We also find that marriage improves well-being for both younger and older cohorts, whereas cohabitation benefits only the younger cohort. Our main contribution to the literature is on well-being effects of same-sex partnerships. We find that these effects are homogeneous to sexual orientation. Gender differences exist in the well-being effects of same-sex partnerships: females are happier cohabiting, whereas marriage has a stronger well-being effect on males.
The positive effect of narcissism on depressive symptoms through mental toughness: Narcissism may be a dark trait but it does help with seeing the world less grey
Authors: Papageorgiou Kostas A. , Denovan Andrew , Dagnall Neil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:Subclinical Narcissism (SN) is part of the Dark Triad (DT), which includes also Subclinical Psychopathy (SP) and Machiavellianism. SN comprises facets retained from the clinical syndrome, such as grandiosity and dominance. Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal research indicates that SN may increase Mental Toughness (MT) resulting in various positive outcomes, including lower levels of psychopathy.Method:The researchers conducted three studies (N = 364, 244 and 144 for Study 1, 2 and 3 respectively) to test if the path model from SN to higher MT predicted lower symptoms of depression (DS). An extension to the model considered Openness to Experience (OE) as a possible mediator. Participants completed self-report measures of SN, MT, OE and DS. In Study 3, participants responded to an additional measure of SN to allow differentiation between grandiose and vulnerable aspects.Results:SN exerted a negative indirect effect on DS through MT across studies; and a negative indirect effect on DS through MT and OE in Study 2. In Study 3, Grandiose SN increased MT contributing to lower DS. Vulnerable SN demonstrated the reverse pattern. MT subfactors of Control and Confidence had a mediating effect across studies.Conclusion:The current findings support the model that SN to MT predicts positive outcomes in various domains, including lower levels of psychiatric symptoms. Exploring the link between SN with prosocial traits can be particularly helpful when seeking to identify and promote SN’s adaptive tendencies against symptoms of psychopathology.
Exosomes and chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. 
Published: November 2018

The objective of this manuscripts to review current knowledge regarding exosomes as they relate to the physiology and pathology of the human nose as well as their role as biomarkers of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Exosomes are 30–150 nm membrane‐bound vesicles secreted by virtually all cell types. Exosomes contribute to the rapid inter‐epithelial transfer of proteins and mediate innate immunosurveillance and defense mechanisms in the human nasal cavity. Exosomes also protect their cell specific cargo from degradation by nucleases and proteases and mirrorCRS related tissue protein perturbations more effectively than whole mucus. Thus, exosomal isolation and analysis may be used to non‐invasively monitor disease severity, prognosis, and potentially even treatment response.Recent studies of exosomes in CRS suggest they can be used to study the immunopathology of chronic sinonasal inflammation. Furthermore, their relative accessibility suggests that exosomal proteomescan be used as non‐invasive, serial, and quantitative biosignatures for rhinosinusitis that can be sampled in clinic in order to predict disease severity, prognosis, and treatment response. Exosomal research has also led to important revelations regarding their physiologic function as they seem to play an important role in innate immunosurveillance and defense. However, exosomal research is still nascent and cost‐effectiveness as well as feasibility of implementation in the routine workup for CRS have to be further explored.
Transition of a Hyperpycnal Flow Into a Saline Turbidity Current Due to Differential Diffusivities
Authors: Zhao Liang , Ouillon Raphael , Vowinckel Bernhard , Meiburg Eckart , Kneller Benjamin , He Zhiguo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe provide a new perspective on the transition of hyperpycnal flows into saline turbidity currents, which permits longer runout lengths than might be otherwise expected. This mechanism relies on the differential turbulent diffusion of salt and sediment, and in contrast to ambient saltwater entrainment it enables the salinification of the freshwater current without diluting the sediment concentration field by a corresponding amount. The freshness‐to‐sediment ratio is introduced in order to quantify the transition process. The results of high‐resolution simulations provide estimates for the transition distance of hyperpycnal model flows into saline turbidity currents.
Numerical Simulation of the Atmospheric Signature of Artificial and Natural Seismic Events
Authors: Martire Léo , Brissaud Quentin , Lai Voon Hui , Garcia Raphaël F. , Martin Roland , Krishnamoorthy Siddharth , Komjathy Attila , Cadu Alexandre , Cutts James A. , Jackson Jennifer M. , Mimoun David , Pauken Michael T. , Sournac Anthony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe mechanical coupling between solid planets and their atmospheres enables seismically induced acoustic waves to propagate in the atmosphere. We numerically simulate this coupled system for two application cases: active seismic experiments (ASEs) and passive seismic experiments. A recent ASE (Krishnamoorthy et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GL077481) observed the infrasonic signals produced by a seismic hammer. To measure the sensitivity of observations to seismic parameters, we attempt to reproduce the results from this experiment at short range by considering a realistic unconsolidated subsurface and an idealized rock‐solid subsurface. At long range, we investigate the influence of the source by using two focal mechanisms. We found surface waves generate an infrasonic plane head wave in the ASE case of the rock‐solid material. For the passive seismic experiments, the amplitude of atmospheric infrasound generated by seismic surface waves is investigated in detail. Despite some limitations, the simulations suggest that balloon measurement of seismically induced infrasound might help to constrain ground properties.
Interannual to Multidecadal Forcing of Mesoscale Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Subtropical Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Delman Andrew S. , Lee Tong , Qiu Bo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA region of elevated mesoscale eddy activity spans the subtropical southern Indian Ocean (SSIO) between Madagascar and Australia. The interannual and decadal changes in eddy activity in the SSIO eddy band, as represented by the variability of eddy kinetic energy (EKE), have implications for the large‐scale circulation, mixed‐layer budgets, and biological activity. An analysis of nearly two and a half decades of sea level anomaly (SLA) data from merged satellite altimetry shows that, in the southeast Indian Ocean east of 90°E, the variations of EKE and SLA are positively correlated on interannual and decadal time scales. Moreover, EKE exhibits a multidecadal increasing linear trend that corresponds to an increasing trend of SLA in the region. The EKE‐SLA covariability in the southeast Indian Ocean does not appear to be associated with a preference for anticyclonic over cyclonic eddy activity; rather, it can be attributed to the common remote forcing from the tropical Pacific associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In the west central SSIO, wind stress curl just south of the eddy band forces potential vorticity anomalies that affect conditions for instability in the west central SSIO; potential density and potential vorticity gradient anomalies also suggest a remote forcing mechanism originating in the region southwest of Australia. The interannual to multidecadal variability of EKE in the SSIO and its relationship with large‐scale SLA has implications for mixed‐layer dynamics and biogeochemistry and provides a basis for assessment of model simulations of eddy activity in the region.
Variation in the Current Shear Front and Its Potential Effect on Sediment Transport Over the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter
Authors: Liu S. D. , Qiao L. L. , Li G. X. , Shi J. H. , Huang L. L. , Yao Z. G. , Gao F. , Wang Z. , Min J. X. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current shear fronts (CSFs) in the East China Sea have been observed during winter in previous studies. In this research, we systematically study characteristics and variation mechanism of the CSFs and its potential effects on the transport of water and suspended sediment and on the inner shelf mud area (ISMA), using the methods of observation data analysis and numerical simulation. The spatial structures, shear intensities, and sea‐land locations of the CSFs are obviously affected by wind, temperature and salinity. The CSFs curve seaward due to the nonuniformity of topography, and the tide causes its periodic and sea‐land shift. The landward U component near the CSFs indicate little cross‐CSF transport (i.e., the barrier effect). The CSFs are important hydrodynamic factors that affect the formation of the ISMA. The periodic shift of the CSFs in the longitudinal direction and its variations in spatial structure are the main mechanisms affecting the spatial distribution and thickness of the ISMA. However, the barrier effect of the CSFs can be interrupted, and both the strong wind in the northeast direction and baroclinic conditions are beneficial for cross‐CSF transport. Furthermore, cross‐CSF transports occur in the upper layers under northwest wind condition, in areas with nonuniformity of topography and during the spring tide period. Three cross‐shelf channels are identified in areas where the CSFs curve seaward resulting from nonuniformity of topography.
Cooling and Freshening of the West Spitsbergen Current by Shelf‐Origin Cold Core Lenses
Authors: Koenig Zoé , Meyer Amelie , Provost Christine , Sennéchael Nathalie , Sundfjord Arild , Beguery Laurent , Athanase Marylou , Gascard Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) cools and freshens as it flows northward along the western Svalbard shelf. The cooling takes place at the ocean surface through interaction with the atmosphere and also in subsurface. We present observations with high horizontal resolution (around 2 km) from a SeaExplorer glider deployed in July 2017 for 14 days in the WSC offshore Kongsfjorden around 79°N. They document small lenses (less than 10‐km diameter) of cold (less than 3.8 °C) and fresh (less than 35.2 g/kg) waters in the core of the WSC, coming from the shelf and contributing to its cooling and freshening. Data show that water from the shelf cascades to the bottom of the slope and then detaches on the offshore side of the WSC core where it is baroclinically unstable. The presence of these lenses from the shelf can be related to the wind regime. Strong southerly winds cause upwelling of the warm Atlantic Water onto the shelf in winter. Weak and/or northerly winds allow modified Atlantic Water formed by mixing with cold waters on the shelf to cascade down the slope, leading to lenses of colder and fresher water protruding into the WSC. If lenses are common in the WSC, they could be contributing significantly to its cooling and freshening especially in summer when the influence of the atmosphere on the cooling of the WSC is less important.
Toward a Methodology for Estimating Coastal Extreme Sea Levels From Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Lobeto H. , Menendez M. , Losada I. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work represents the first attempt to study the behavior of sea level extreme events nearshore using satellite altimetry data. A novel approach based on the application of a nonstationary extreme model to nontidal residual monthly maxima from remote data is presented. With the aim of countering the lack of accuracy, an extreme scale factor to correct satellite data is defined. The extreme scale factor depends on local morphology and its definition makes use of the information provided by 14 tide gauges along the North American East Coast. The methodology is validated using eight additional tide gauge records along the study region. Low differences on values associated to high return periods using satellite and tide gauge data input are found for all the validated locations. Besides, a regional study of the climate variability of extreme sea levels from satellite is also presented. The found climate patterns strongly agree with the historical climate variations from in situ data. Results show a great potential of this approach, especially at those locations where in situ information is not available.
Multiband Simulations of Multistream Polarimetric Microwave Radiances Over Aspherical Hydrometeors
Authors: Zhang Kun , Gasiewski Albin J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA numerical precision assessment and simulation results of the Unified Microwave Radiative Transfer (UMRT) model incorporating aspherical frozen hydrometeors based on the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC) OpenSSP database are presented. It is shown that UMRT maintains unconditional numerical stability and computational efficiency for absorbing and scattering clouds. UMRT requires symmetry of the transition matrix for the discretized planar‐stratified radiative transfer equation to realize numerically stable and accurate matrix operations as required by the discrete ordinate eigenanalysis method. UMRT has heretofore been restricted to spherical polydispersive hydrometeors. In this study, the necessary block‐diagonal structure of the full Stokes matrix for randomly oriented OpenSSP aspherical hydrometeors is shown to be maintained, albeit with small asymmetric deviations, which introduce small asymmetric components into the transition matrix that are negligible for most remote sensing applications. An upper bound of the brightness temperature error calculated by neglecting the asymmetric components of the transition matrix under even extreme atmospheric conditions is shown to be small. Hence, the OpenSSP hydrometeor database can be reliably used within the UMRT model. Block‐diagonal Stokes matrix elements along with other single‐scattering hydrometeor parameters were subsequently used in radiative simulations of multistream dual‐polarization radiances for a simulated hurricane event to demonstrate the inherent numerical stability and utility of the enhanced UMRT model. An intercomparison of computed upwelling radiances for a multiphase distribution of aspherical OpenSSP hydrometeors versus a mass‐equivalent Mie hydrometeor polydispersion for key sensing frequencies from 10 to 874 GHz shows the considerable impact of complex (vs. simple spherical) hydrometeors on predicted microwave radiances.
A Study of Enhanced Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Simulated Deep Convective Clouds Observed During DC3
Authors: Takeishi Azusa , Storelvmo Trude 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe impacts of enhanced heterogeneous ice nucleation (HET) on the properties of deep convective clouds (DCCs) have been investigated in cloud‐resolving simulations with the WRF‐CHEM model. The study focuses on a case observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign. For the simulated DCCs, which had cold cloud‐base temperatures, an inverse relationship exists between ice crystal mass produced through HET and anvil ice crystal number concentrations. This seems to be due to the indirect competition between HET and subsequent homogeneous freezing (HOM) for liquid droplets. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that HET enhancements at warmer temperatures are more efficient in depleting liquid droplets below and hence have larger impacts on anvil properties than HET enhancements at colder temperatures do. This temperature dependence indicates that similar increases in the number of ice nucleating particles (INPs) may potentially have different impacts on DCCs, depending on the INP type and at which temperatures they can nucleate ice crystals. We also found that the reduced anvil ice number concentrations due to the enhanced HET may lead to optically thinner anvil clouds. The reduction in cloud optical depth comes from a decrease in ice crystal mass concentrations, and in some runs also from an increase in ice crystal sizes. These results suggest potentially large impacts of INPs on the properties of DCCs, especially if precipitation is predominantly produced through ice processes in the DCCs. The results underscore the importance of fully understanding the temperature‐dependent ability of aerosol particles to nucleate ice crystals.