bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the “student” position: Pursuing agency by drawing on learners’ life-worlds on an EAP course
Authors: Seppälä Riina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn today’s world, individuals should be able to maintain their expertise amidst constant changes. Thus, this type of agency should be supported in higher education. One approach for a teacher-researcher to examine supporting agency and how it manifests itself in higher education courses is through the learning design. In this article, learning design is defined as the planned course path and the way in which that path is enacted in the course in a real-life setting. Thus, the learning design of a blended EAP course is examined, with a focus on the course assignments in two different groups in two consecutive years. Different types of agency were assumed through the tasks and those types of agency were expressed in the learners’ completed texts. For example, tasks in which learners were positioned as traditional “students” presented problems in terms of the learners’ agency. Instead, tasks fostering the learners’ position as experts, their initiative and accountability to draw on their life-worlds were deemed to support the type of agency necessary and valuable for academic graduates. Design-based research strategy was employed to allow a cyclical process of developing the design based on the results of the previous cycle. It is hoped that the insights gained through the research might inform the planning of higher education language courses.
Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds in Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia sclarea L.
Authors: Jasicka-Misiak Izabela , Poliwoda Anna , Petecka Magdalena , Buslovych Olena , Shlyapnikov Vladimir A. , Wieczorek Piotr P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The differences in the chemical composition of the phenolic compounds of Salvia officinalis versus Salvia sclarea growing in different habitats, were studied. First, the optimal solvent - methanol - for ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from these plants was chosen experimentally. Total phenolic content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were determined spectrophotometrically. Total phenolic content was in the range of 63.9 to 134.4 mg GAE/g of plant depending on the studied species. The highest antiradical activity was displayed by the methanol fractions of S. sclarea varieties (83 and 67%). HPLC-DAD analysis of extracts was done in order to identify the presence of individual phenolic compounds. This was done by comparison of their retention times with those observed for 17 commercially available standard compounds. The results showed differences in the phenolics composition, with plants collected on Crimean peninsula accumulating more phenolic acids than Polish varieties. In turn, the Polish varieties of sage contain bigger amount of flavonoids in their tissues.
A new principle for arbitrary meromorphic functions in a given domain
Authors: Barsegian Grigor 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a new principle related to an arbitrary meromorphic function w in a given domain D.
The main component of this principle gives (first time) lower bounds for

|

w
′

|

{|w^{\prime}|}

for a similar general class of functions.
The principle can qualitatively be stated as follows:
any set of simple a-points of w contains a “large” subset of complex values, where we have lower bounds for

|

w
′

|

{|w^{\prime}|}

and upper bounds for

|

w

(
h
)

|

{|w^{(h)}|}

,

h
>
1

{h>1}

.
The Dynamics of Migrant Communication in the Age of Globalization. Part 2
Authors: Danilewicz Wioleta 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
One of the aspects of modern migration is transnationality. Such a community is characterized by physical mobility and economic, cultural, and social transfers; by the functioning of migrants “here and there”, multilateral contacts – both family and more often professional contacts – as well as others. The ways of communicating with the country have changed. These changes are due to, inter alia, the progress of telecommunications and communication, the development of new media. Never before in the history of the development of international movements have there been so many opportunities for maintaining contact between spatially disconnected persons. Therefore, the purpose of addressing the problem of migrant communication in the last few decades is to show their change, their dynamics, and the role that they play in maintaining family ties and across borders.
The Unification of Terminology in Terms of Impact of Employees on Decisions Taken in European Business Entities and Polish Law
Authors: Giedrewicz-Niewińska Aneta 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
One of the consequences of improper management of European businesses, set solely on profit, is the global financial crisis, felt even today by many societies. Previous negative experience has led to a growing interest in the world at present, in the model in which employees are guaranteed involvement in the management of transnational entities. A new, universal legal framework for the functioning of this model has been created by the European Union. Instead of creating a single transnational legal system, it was decided to create a model for employee involvement in management by coordinating national systems. The aim of this study is to analyse the terminology related to the issue of workers’ involvement in the management of European business entities. This analysis will aim to determine whether the legal language used in the EU regulations and directives relating to workers’ involvement in management and implementing acts allows coordination between legal systems of the Member States. In this context, it is particularly important to determine whether the terminology used in EU acts is consistent with the terminology used in Polish implementing laws and how EU terminology fits into current understanding in the Polish legal tradition of institutions of employee involvement in the management of the workplace.
The Influence of Information Systems Interoperability on Economic Activity in Poland
Authors: Ganczar Małgorzata 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the text, I discuss the abilities and challenges of information systems interoperability. The anticipated and expected result of interoperability is to improve the provision of public utility services to citizens and companies by means of facilitating the provision of public utility services on the basis of a “single window” principle and reducing the costs incurred by public administrations, companies, and citizens, resulting from the efficiency of the provision of public utility services. In the article, the conceptual framework of interoperability is elaborated upon. Moreover, information systems and public registers for entrepreneurs in Poland exemplify whether the interoperability may be applied and, if so, whether interoperability fulfils its targets to the extent of e-Government services for entrepreneurs.
The Effectiveness of Language Used in E-Learning Courses
Authors: Przygoda Agnieszka 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe notion of language in e-Learning is still not very clear from a technical as well as semantic point of view. In the era of Information Technology, it is more and more important to unify the principles of language used and its semantic meaning to be more simple and precise when taking into consideration online educational courses. During the last years, e-Learning courses have begun to be popular around the world as during an internet era, we tend to find consolidated information sources on internet rather than in traditional courses which require our physical presence. The crucial issue which makes an e- Learning course function is the language used to transmit all the information to the students in a clear and effective manner. For such language to be considered effective, it is necessary to adjust it to the general standards adopted in an international environment. The notion of a language used in e-Learning also faces some problems as it should be so concise as to be accessible for everybody regardless of gender, nationality, and intellectual level. It is hard to standardise its principles, thus over the years many scientists have tried to unify the top requirements a perfect e-Learning course should have. Nowadays, most of the population should stop considering e-Learning as an alternative form of education and focus on developing new models and structures for education and learning that fully exploit the opportunities of today’s digital revolution. With a laptop, a mobile device and Wi-Fi, you can manage your own e-Learning course, and take courses yourself, at any time and place, in any language. A typical model of an e-Learning course is based on guided self-study with a linear progression through modules consisting of recorded lectures, course literature, written assignments and multiple-choice self-tests. Technology has got an even better solution which consists of standardising the learning process and adopting it to a commonly known level of difficulty which might be expected when considering its use by an average person.
Application of Aqueous-Based Covalent Crosslinking Strategies to the Formation of Metal Chalcogenide Gels and Aerogels
Authors: Hewavitharana Indika K. , Brock Stephanie L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
An aqueous-based metal ion crosslinking approach for assembly of metal chalcogenide nanoparticles (NPs) into robust gels is reported. Short chalcogenide ligands (S2−) undergo crosslinking with metal salts (Sn4+) to form a gel [NP/S2−/Sn4+]n (NP=PbTe, PbS, CdS, CdSe). The corresponding aerogel networks retain the crystallinity and quantum confinement effects of the native building blocks while achieving excellent porosity [Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of 160–238 m2/g]. Treatment of sulfide-capped PbTe nanoparticles with an excess of Sn4+ leads to ion exchange and formation of an amorphous “SnTe” gel.
mTORC1 Is Transiently Reactivated in Injured Nerves to Promote c-Jun Elevation and Schwann Cell Dedifferentiation
Authors: Norrmén Camilla , Figlia Gianluca , Pfistner Patrick , Pereira Jorge A. , Bachofner Sven , Suter Ueli 
Published: April 2018

Schwann cells (SCs) are endowed with a remarkable plasticity. When peripheral nerves are injured, SCs dedifferentiate and acquire new functions to coordinate nerve repair as so-called repair SCs. Subsequently, SCs redifferentiate to remyelinate regenerated axons. Given the similarities between SC dedifferentiation/redifferentiation in injured nerves and in demyelinating neuropathies, elucidating the signals involved in SC plasticity after nerve injury has potentially wider implications. c-Jun has emerged as a key transcription factor regulating SC dedifferentiation and the acquisition of repair SC features. However, the upstream pathways that control c-Jun activity after nerve injury are largely unknown. We report that the mTORC1 pathway is transiently but robustly reactivated in dedifferentiating SCs. By inducible genetic deletion of the functionally crucial mTORC1-subunit Raptor in mouse SCs (including male and female animals), we found that mTORC1 reactivation is necessary for proper myelin clearance, SC dedifferentiation, and consequently remyelination, without major alterations in the inflammatory response. In the absence of mTORC1 signaling, c-Jun failed to be upregulated correctly. Accordingly, a c-Jun binding motif was found to be enriched in promoters of genes with reduced expression in injured mutants. Furthermore, using cultured SCs, we found that mTORC1 is involved in c-Jun regulation by promoting its translation, possibly via the eIF4F-subunit eIF4A. These results provide evidence that proper c-Jun elevation after nerve injury involves also mTORC1-dependent post-transcriptional regulation to ensure timely dedifferentiation of SCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA crucial evolutionary acquisition of vertebrates is the envelopment of axons in myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells (SCs) in the PNS. When myelin is damaged, conduction of action potentials along axons slows down or is blocked, leading to debilitating diseases. Unlike oligodendrocytes, SCs have a high regenerative potential, granted by their remarkable plasticity. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying SC plasticity may uncover new therapeutic targets in nerve regeneration and demyelinating diseases. Our work reveals that reactivation of the mTORC1 pathway in SCs is essential for efficient SC dedifferentiation after nerve injury. Accordingly, modulating this signaling pathway might be of therapeutic relevance in peripheral nerve injury and other diseases.
ERGENLİK ÖNCESİ ERKEK ÇOCUKLARDA FİZİKSEL AKTİVİTE DÜZEYİNİN 6 DAKİKA YÜRÜME TESTİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: Ünver Evrim , Cinemre Şükrü Alpan 
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ergenlik öncesi sağlıklı erkek
çocuklarda 6 Dakika Yürüme Testi (6 DYT) ile fiziksel aktivite düzeyi
arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 40 sağlıklı erkek çocuk (8.38±0.67
yıl; BKİ 17.4±2.70 kg/m2) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Fiziksel Aktivite
değişkenleri Actigraph marka wGT3X-BT akselerometre ile 5 okul günü boyunca
okul saatleri süresince ölçülmüştür. 6
DY mesafesi (m) ve yürüme hızı (m / dk) 6 DYT aracılığı ile ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen
veriler SPSS 20 istatistiksel analiz yazılımında incelenmiştir. Fiziksel
aktivite şiddetleri ile 6 DYT değişkenleri arasındaki ilişki düzeyi Pearson
korelasyon katsayısı (r) ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçümlerin sonunda okul içinde
günlük ortalama 101,20 ± 17.82 dakika orta-yüksek şiddetli fiziksel aktivite
(MVPA) zamanı olduğu gözlenmiştir. 6 DYT sonunda ortalama 546.67±34.59 m 6 DY mesafesi olarak
belirlenmiştir. Yürüme hızı ise 91.11± 5.76 m/dakika olarak tespit edilmiştir.
6 DYT’nin 167.5 atım/dk kalp atım hızında yüründüğü belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda
değişkenler arası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı
gözlenmiştir.
A study on spectrum of periorbital dermatoses in a tertiary centre
Authors: Nalini Peela , Manickam Navakumar , Gopalan Kannan , Muthusamy K. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To study the spectrum of periorbital dermatoses in patients of both genders irrespective of age and identify any underlying etiology.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A clinico-epidemiological study of periorbital dermatoses was done in all patients with skin lesions in and around the both eyes who visited our outpatient department. Digital photographs will be taken for all the patients with periorbital dermatosis. Data obtained was compiled, tabulated, and statistically summarized using SPSS version 16.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 110 patients, majority of patients with periorbital dermatoses, were in the age group of &gt;50 years (40%) including 77 (70%) females and 33 (30%) males. The most common dermatoses observed in periorbital region were benign and malignant skin tumors 46 (41.8%), followed by pigmentary disorders 21 (19.1%), miscellaneous 19 (17.3%), nevoid conditions 12 (10.9%), eczema 6 (5.5%), and infections 6 (5.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Benign skin tumors and pigmentary disorders are the most common periorbital dermatoses seen in our study. Certain periorbital dermatoses like skin tag and xanthelesma are seen associated with underlying metabolic disorders. </p>
Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis: case report of a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Belgaumkar Vasudha A. , Chavan Ravindranath B. , Suryataley Prernaa R. , Salunke Aarti S. , Patil Pallavi P. , Borade Sandhya M. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract">Cutaneous tuberculosis occurs by either exogenous inoculation in a previously sensitized or non-immune host or endogenous spread from an internal focus by contiguous, hematogenous or lymphatic route. Inoculation occurs at sites of minor wounds or abrasions, sometimes from the patient’s own sputum. Cutaneous tuberculosis includes lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TVC) at one end and scrofuloderma and tuberculosis cutis orificialis at the other end with decrease in cell-mediated immunity across the spectrum. Of various cutaneous forms, we report a case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis in a 14 year old girl who presented with a hyperpigmented verrucous plaque over foot since three years. Histopathological characteristics, GeneXpert and response to antitubercular therapy confirmed the diagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Üniversite Gençliğinin Kimlik ve Siyaset Algısı: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: AK Muammer 
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmada üniversitede okuyan
öğrencilerin kimlik ve siyaset algıları ölçülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılanların
%54,2’si kadın, %45,8’i erkektir. Araştırma kapsamında Gümüşhane
Üniversitesi’nde farklı bölüm ve sınıflarda okuyan öğrenciler arasından basit
tesadüfü örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen 233 öğrenciye anket
uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın saha çalışması Aralık 2017’de yapılmıştır.
Araştırma tarama modeline uygun şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı,
üniversite öğrencilerinin kimlik ve siyaset algılarını tespit etmektir. Bu
bağlamda araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinin kimlik ve siyaset algıları
nasıldır?, siyasete katılım düzeyleri nedir?, siyasi-dini-ideolojik olarak ve
modern-geleneksel düzlemde hangi kimlikleri kendisine uygun görüyorlar?,
vatandaşlığı nasıl tanımlıyorlar? gibi soruların cevaplarını aramaktadır.
Araştırmanın sonuçlarından bazıları şöyledir: Katılımcıların çok yüksek bir
oranı (%88,5), modern-gelenek düzleminde, kendilerini biraz modern biraz
geleneksel olarak görmektedir. Katılımcıların önemsedikleri ve önceledikleri üç
toplumsal aidiyetin/kimliğin Müslüman gibi dini, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı
gibi siyasi ve Türk gibi etnik/siyasi aidiyetler olduğu görülmektedir.
Araştırmanın bir başka sonucu ise, katılımcıların siyasal katılımlarının daha
çok seçimlerde oy verme şeklinde olduğudur. Ayrıca, katılımcıların sivil toplum
örgütlerine katılım düzeyi çok düşüktür. Yine katılımcılara göre, Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı olmak için, hukuki statü yeterlidir; ancak bir kişinin Türkiye’nin
Cumhurbaşkanı olması için ise Müslüman olması gerekmektedir. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye’nin en önemli sorunları arasında öne çıkan ilk üç
sorun sırasıyla; terör, adaletsizlik ve eğitim olduğu görülmektedir.
Modeling, prediction and trend assessment of drought in Iran using standardized precipitation index
Authors: Bahrami Mehdi , Bazrkar Samira , Zarei Abdol Rassoul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Drought as an exigent natural phenomenon, with high frequency in arid and semi-arid regions, leads to enormous damage to agriculture, economy, and environment. In this study, the seasonal Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) drought index and time series models were employed to model and predict seasonal drought using climate data of 38 Iranian synoptic stations during 1967–2014. In order to model and predict seasonal drought ITSM (Interactive Time Series Modeling) statistical software was used. According to the calculated seasonal SPI, within the study area, drought severity classes 4 and 3 had the greatest occurrence frequency, while classes 6 and 7 had the least occurrence frequency. Results indicated that the best fitted models were Moving-Average or MA (5) Innovations and MA (5) Hannan-Rissenen, with 60.53 and 15.79 percentage, respectively. On the other hand, results of the prediction as well, indicated that drought class 4 with the highest percentages, was the most abundant class over the study area and drought class 7 was the least frequent class. According to results of trend analysis, without attention to significance of them, observed seasonal SPI data series (1967–2014), in 84.21% of synoptic stations had a negative trend, but this percentage changes to 86.84% when studying the combination of observed and predicted simultaneously (1967–2019).
Current Views on Dopaminergic Drugs Affecting Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Hassanabad Mortaza Fatehi , Fatehi Mohammad 
Published: April 2018

Background:
For more than three decades, it has been known that manipulation of dopaminergic
system could affect glucose homesotasis in experimental animals. The notion that glucose
homeostasis in human might be influenced by dopaminergic drugs has attracted a great deal of attention
in the past two decades. In spite of rapid advancements in revealing involvement of dopaminergic neurotransmission
in insulin release, glucose up-take and pancreatic beta cell function in general through
centrally and peripherally controlled mechanisms, there are discrepancies among observations on experimental
animals and human subjects.

Conclusion:
With the expansion of pharmacotherapy in psychotic conditions, depression and endocrine
abnormalities along with a sharp increase in prevalence of type two diabetes and disturbances of glucose
homeostasis as a major risk factor for many cardiovascular complications and associated mortalities;
it seems a critical analysis of recent investigations on drugs which act as agonists or antagonists of
dopaminergic receptors in various tissues and organs may provide better insight into how safe and efficient
these medicines could be prescribed. Furthermore, the other main objective of present review is to
compare clinical data on significance of changes in blood glucose and insulin levels during short term
and after long term treatment with these agents. This in turn would be beneficial for determining adequate
strategies to combat or to avoid adverse effects associated with dopaminergic drug therapy.
Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Metoclopramide Oral Tablets Utilizing HPLC-UV Method
Authors: Kaukab Iram , Hussain Shah Syed Nisar , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Metoclopramide is a potent dopaminergic antagonist utilized for treating gastrointestinal
disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of oral formulation
of metoclopramide in the Pakistani volunteers.

Methods:
This open label, single dose, pharmacokinetic study was executed in non-smoking, 12 Pakistani
healthy males, treated with a single 20 mg oral tablet dose of metoclopramide on test day. Maximum
plasma concentration (Cmax), time to achieve Cmax (Tmax), and area under curve (AUC0-t) of metoclopramide
were determined analyzing the serial blood samples using a validated HPLC-UV method.

Results:
The determined values of Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-t of metoclopramide were 34.51 ± 4.91 ng/ml,
1.56 ± 0.18 and 273.88 ± 114.49 ng.h/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results reveal that the findings of Pakistani individuals are slightly different when
compared with the published data of other ethnic origins.