bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RDH10 function is necessary for spontaneous fetal mouth movement that facilitates palate shelf elevation
Authors: Friedl Regina M. , Raja Swetha , Metzler Melissa A. , Patel Niti D. , Brittian Kenneth R. , Jones Steven P. , Sandell Lisa L. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cleft palate is a common birth defect, occurring in approximately 1 in 1000 live births worldwide. Known etiological mechanisms of cleft palate include defects within developing palate shelf tissues, defects in mandibular growth and defects in spontaneous fetal mouth movement. Until now, experimental studies directly documenting fetal mouth immobility as an underlying cause of cleft palate have been limited to models lacking neurotransmission. This study extends the range of anomalies directly demonstrated to have fetal mouth movement defects correlated with cleft palate. Here, we show that mouse embryos deficient in retinoic acid (RA) have mispatterned pharyngeal nerves and skeletal elements that block spontaneous fetal mouth movement in utero. Using X-ray microtomography, in utero ultrasound video, ex vivo culture and tissue staining, we demonstrate that proper retinoid signaling and pharyngeal patterning are crucial for the fetal mouth movement needed for palate formation. Embryos with deficient retinoid signaling were generated by stage-specific inactivation of retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), a gene crucial for the production of RA during embryogenesis. The finding that cleft palate in retinoid deficiency results from a lack of fetal mouth movement might help elucidate cleft palate etiology and improve early diagnosis in human disorders involving defects of pharyngeal development.
The effects of auditory spatial training on informational masking release in elderly listeners: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jarollahi Farnoush , Amiri Marzieh , Jalaie Shohreh , Sameni Seyyed Jalal 
Published: July 2019

Background: Regarding the strong auditory spatial plasticity capability of the central auditory system and the effect of short-term and long-term rehabilitation programs in elderly people, it seems that an auditory spatial training can help this population in informational masking release and better track speech in noisy environments. The main purposes of this study are developing an informational masking measurement test and an auditory spatial training program. Protocol: This study will be conducted in two parts. Part 1: develop and determine the validity of an informational masking measurement test by recruiting two groups of young (n=50) and old (n=50) participants with normal hearing who have no difficulty in understanding speech in noisy environments. Part 2 (clinical trial): two groups of 60-75-year-olds with normal hearing, who complain about difficulty in speech perception in noisy environments, will participate as control and intervention groups to examine the effect of auditory spatial training. Intervention: 15 sessions of auditory spatial training. The informational masking measurement test and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale will be compared before intervention, immediately after intervention, and five weeks after intervention between the two groups. Discussion: Since auditory training programs do not deal with informational masking release, an auditory spatial training will be designed, aiming to improve hearing in noisy environments for elderly populations. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190118042404N1) on 25th February 2019.
A genome-wide scan of cleft lip triads identifies parent-of-origin interaction effects between ANK3 and maternal smoking, and between ARHGEF10 and alcohol consumption
Authors: Haaland Øystein Ariansen , Romanowska Julia , Gjerdevik Miriam , Lie Rolv Terje , Gjessing Håkon Kristian , Jugessur Astanand 
Published: July 2019

Background: Although both genetic and environmental factors have been reported to influence the risk of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), the exact mechanisms behind CL/P are still largely unaccounted for. We recently developed new methods to identify parent-of-origin (PoO) interactions with environmental exposures (PoOxE) and applied them to families with children born with isolated cleft palate only. Here, we used the same genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset and methodology to screen for PoOxE effects in the larger sample of CL/P triads. Methods: Genotypes from 1594 complete triads and 314 dyads (1908 nuclear families in total) with CL/P were available for the current analyses. Of these families, 1024 were Asian, 825 were European and 59 had other ancestries. After quality control, 341,191 SNPs remained from the original 569,244. The exposures were maternal cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, and use of vitamin supplements in the periconceptional period. The methodology applied in the analyses is implemented in the R-package Haplin. Results: Among Europeans, there was evidence of a PoOxSmoke effect for ANK3 with three SNPs (rs3793861, q=0.20, p=2.6e-6; rs7087489, q=0.20, p=3.1e-6; rs4310561, q=0.67, p=4.0e-5) and a PoOxAlcohol effect for ARHGEF10 with two SNPs (rs2294035, q=0.32, p=2.9e-6; rs4876274, q=0.76, p=1.3e-5). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the detected PoOxE effects have a plausible biological basis, and thus warrant replication in other independent cleft samples. Our demonstration of the feasibility of identifying complex interactions between relevant environmental exposures and PoO effects offers new avenues for future research aimed at unravelling the complex etiology of cleft lip defects.
Towards Contingent World Descriptions in Description Logics
Authors: Badie Farshad 
Published: July 2019

The philosophical, logical, and terminological junctions between Description Logics (DLs) and Modal Logic (ML) are important because they can support the formal analysis of modal notions of ‘possibility’ and ‘necessity’ through the lens of DLs. This paper introduces functional contingents in order to (i) structurally and terminologically analyse ‘functional possibility’ and ‘functional necessity’ in DL world descriptions and (ii) logically and terminologically annotate DL world descriptions based on functional contingents. The most significant contributions of this research are the logical characterisation and terminological analysis of functional contingents in DL world descriptions. The ultimate goal is to investigate how modal operators can – logically and terminologically – be expressed within DL world descriptions.
Characteristics of the competitive loads of Polish National Amputee Football Team. Pilot studies
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Bugaj Olga , Konarski Jan M. , Nowakowska Monika , Kulicka Katarzyna , Wieczorek Andrzej , Konarska Agata 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Information about competitive loads of amputee soccer players are very limited. This element should be one of the base to prepare appropriate training program according to individual needs of players, as well aims of season. The main aim of this pilot study was to describe the characteristics of selected elements of the internal competitive load of football players after unilateral amputations.METHODS: The subject involved a group of 15 Polish National Amp Football (PNAF) players after unilateral amputations of the upper or lower limbs. The age, height and weight were 27.1±8.4 years, 176.2±7.3 cm, 72.0±14.2 kg, respectively. The information were recorded during match between PNAF Team and representative of Polish Clubs, using Polar Team 2Pro System. The data base was analyzed using standard tools and differences among variables was checked by Wilcoxon test.RESULTS: During whole games value of HRmean was 132.6±10.56 bpm with a range from 87.3±10.6 bpm to 182.3±10.69 bpm and energy expenditure was 612.7±164.86 kcal. General, Values of observed variables were higher in the 2nd part of the match but differences among them was not significance.CONCLUSION: Characterizing the competitive effort will allow to diagnose and determine the nature of the work to use it as specific requirements of the discipline. It can be expected that these information will contribute to the improvement the training process for AMP Footballers and optimize training of the disabled people.
Распределение муравьев (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) в агроландшафте на Северо-Западе России
Authors: Guseva O.G. , Koval A.G. 
Published: July 2019

В агроландшафте на Северо-Западе России (на полях и их обочинах, опушках лесов и отдельных участках леса) отмечено 12 видов муравьев (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) из 4 родов. На полях различных сельскохозяйственных культур собрано 8 видов муравьев. Основу комплекса полевых видов составляют Myrmica rubra и Lasius niger – эвритопные виды, способные строить гнезда в земле.
Обилие M. rubra и L. niger на возделываемых землях значительно ниже, чем в окружающих биотопах – на обочинах полей и опушках лесов.
Деятельность ОМОН (Барнаул) по охране законности и правопорядка (1993–2018 гг.)
Authors: Антропов Владимир Михайлович 
Published: July 2019

Отряд мобильный особого назначения (ОМОН), дислоцирующийся в Барнауле, является одним из самых подготовленных подразделений Управления Федеральной службы войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации по Алтайскому краю. Формирование отряда началось весной 1993 г. В кратчайшие сроки была проведена большая работа по комплектованию, и уже в конце лета барнаульский ОМОН был готов к выполнению поставленных перед ним задач. Днем образования отряда принято считать 2 августа 1993 г., когда личный состав впервые вышел на службу.
Подразделение неоднократно выезжало в служебные командировки в другие регионы Российской Федерации, в том числе более 30 раз на Северный Кавказ. За проявленные мужество, доблесть и самоотверженность 378 человек отмечены государственными наградами.
В 2016 г. ОМОН вошел в состав Федеральной службы войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Наряду с задачами по охране общественного порядка и обеспечению общественной безопасности его бойцы оказывают содействие в проведении специальных мероприятий сотрудникам оперативных служб МВД, ФСБ и других правоохранительных органов, в ходе которых задержано большое число правонарушителей, из незаконного оборота изъято значительное количество денежных средств, иных материальных ценностей, оружия и наркотических средств.
Таким образом, с момента своего образования ОМОН вносит существенный вклад в обеспечение государственной и общественной безопасности, защиту прав и свобод человека и гражданина.
Керамика поселения Майма 1 предгорной зоны Алтая (результаты технико-технологического анализа)
Authors: Казаков Александр Альбертович , Степанова Надежда Федоровна 
Published: July 2019

Приводятся результаты технико-технологического анализа трех культурно-хронологических групп керамики с многослойного нестратифицирован-ного поселения Майма 1, расположенного в предгорной зоне Российского Алтая. Из шести выделяемых типологически культурно-хронологических групп для анализа были отобраны образцы, относящиеся к последовательно сменяющим друг друга периодам — большереченской, быстрянской и май-минской археологическим культурам. Наибольшее внимание было уделено изучению образцов недавно выделенной майминской культуры. В результате исследований выявлены культурные традиции в отборе исходного сырья и подготовке формовочных масс. Установлено, что для всех комплексов характерно использование ожелезненного сырья, преимущественно пластичного. Для большереченской керамики отмечено незначительное смешение навыков в изготовлении керамики, проявившееся в одновременном использовании двух минеральных примесей — дресвы и шамота. Для быстрянской керамики зафиксирован один рецепт: глина + дресва + органика. Для майминского комплекса выделено две группы рецептов: с минеральной примесью в виде дресвы и без искусственно введенных минеральных примесей. Зафиксировано незначительное смешение культурных традиций. Особого внимания заслуживает глиняная посуда из низкопластичного сырья, с примесями, характерными для горных районов. Подобные наблюдения позволяют говорить о возможности миграции нового, майминского населения в предгорья Алтайского края из горных районов других территорий.
PENGEBORAN LEPAS PANTAI
Authors: Utomo Budi 
Published: July 2019

Budi Utomo, in this paper explain that offshore drilling carried out to obtain crude oil through the oil wells. The means that must exist in the operation of offshore drilling is a bridge structure (plate form) as a place to put the drilling equipment. Known two kinds of platforms, that is platforms permanent (fixed) which stands on the feet of reinforced concrete, and the bridge is not fixed like swamp barges, drilling ship (floaters) and jack-up rig. Jack up rig is one of the offshore rigs that have the ability to elevation in accordance with a sea depth of drilling. Drilling equipment is a range of equipment that is prepared in such a way, so that such a drill rod, and all this equipment has a hole inside that allows for fluid or mud circulation. Key word: Drilling equipment
PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH PENEMPATAN ARRESTER SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH FCO SEBAGAI PENGAMAN TRANSFORMATOR 3 PHASA TERHADAP GANGGUAN SURJA PETIR DI PENYULANG PANDEAN LAMPER 5 RAYON SEMARANG TIMUR
Authors: Wardana Azis Nurrochma , Subari Arkhan 
Published: July 2019

Azis Nurrochma Wardana, Arkhan Subari, in paper comparison of the effect of placement arrester before and after FCO as safety of 3 phase transformator from interruption of lightning at Pandean Lamper 5 Feeder, East Semarang explain that problem of the studied is location of arrester at distribution which have is same function and target but owning location of different arrester. Location of arrester relate to wiring of arrester with transformer and fuse Cut Out (FCO) owning target to give protection at transformer of over voltage. In the last location of this arrester require to study again about its efficacy of its at transformer. Efficacy of pr otection at such transformer is efficacy of passed to protection is transformer by minimizing over voltage that happened at the transformer so that equipments and transformer which its of him do not experience of damage. By considering factor influencing the level of voltage of surge and current of surge that happened at each system, like wiring of arrester, length of wire, apart arrester which is utilized in system location of arrester, steepness of wave come, speed creep waving surge, and Basic InsulationLevel (BIL) equipments, so that is in the final got one of location of correct arrester as 20 kV distribution transformer protection. Keywords: Arrester, Distribution Transformer, Fuse Cut Out, Lightning Surge
Aimai Hyougen Sebagai Cerminan Komunikasi Implisit Jepang
Authors: Ratna Maharani Patria 
Published: July 2019

(Title: Aimai Hyougen as a reflection of Japanese implicit Communication) Japanese is known for its politeness in communication. There are many ways to express politeness in Japanese, having an implicit communication is one of them. This may cause some troubles to foreigners to understand Japanese communication. So, it is important to know the style of Japanese communication to avoid misunderstandings. The purpose of this study is to describe japanese implicit communication style. This study is done by searching some references from trusted sources so that the style of Japanese implicit communication can be concluded. The results of this study are there are some keywords in Japanese that usually contain implicit meaning such as chotto, saa, demo, muzukashi, ii desu. Those word represent Japanese communication style. Japanese who use those words are highly predicted that there are something that is hard to tell to the interlocutor. Beside those word, understanding Japanese culture especially communication culture is also important.
Perkembangan dan Globalisasi Video Game Jepang
Authors: Widiandari Arsi 
Published: July 2019

(Title: Development and globalization Japanese Video Game ) Today, many Japanese cultural product are developing and become popular in the community, for example Japanese music, movie, anime and video game. Japanese creative industry has a big potential in economy sector and can not be underestimated. One of Japanese culture product that become popular is Japanese video game it self. Video game are considered as the pioneers of the modern game industry. This paper will discuss the development and dissemination of Japanese video game with the viewpoint of globalization.
Burung yang Baik Dipelihara dan Tidak dalam Serat Ngalamating Kutut
Authors: Anggraini Mirya 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to reveal the meaning of the pekutut bird in Serat Ngalamating Kutut. Material object of this research is Serat Ngalamating Kutut. Serat Ngalamating Kutut consists of nineteen stanzas and contains myths about perkutut bird. The text describes fifteen kinds perkutut bird. Of the fifteen kinds can be divided into two. Nine kinds are good turtles and the other six are bad birds. The results showed, the characteristics of perkutut birds that have good and bad influence there is in the text. Birds that have good characteristic are recommended to maintain. Contrarily, birds that have bird characteristics that can bring problems are not recommended, even forbidden to maintain.
Feasibility Study of Microneedle Fabrication from a thin Nitinol Wire Using a CW Single-Mode Fiber Laser
Authors: Tu Jay , Reeves Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, feasibility studies are presented on microneedle fabrication by using a multiple-pulse laser microhole drilling technique to drill an axial hole into a thin nitinol wire of 150 μm in diameter. Nitinol is chosen for its biocompatibility and excellent super-elasticity to eliminate breakage risk. One potential use of this microneedle is for drawing a small amount of blood for glucose monitoring. The critical factor for drilling microholes into a thin nitinol wire axially is the restoration of the semi-infinite material condition, which is the key to prevent the thin wire from being melt away by the laser due to excessive heat transfer in the radial direction. The results show that holes, up to 607 μmin depth, can be drilled into a thin nitinol wire of 150 μm in diameter using 18 repetitions of a 3-pulse group with 13 μs pluses. However, hole quality is poor. The challenges for improving hole qualities, such as centering, hole blockage, through holes, and process parameters, are discussed.
Using low-field NMR and MRI to characterize water status and distribution in modified wood during water absorption
Authors: Wang Wang , Chen Jinyu , Cao Jinzhen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, synergism between two wood modification methods was investigated with the aim of providing insights into improving wood hydrophobicity. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) was modified using two variants of the same treatment procedure: in the first case, paraffin wax emulsion (PWE) impregnation was followed by thermal modification (TM); in the second case, the order was reversed, and TM was followed by PWE impregnation. The treated samples were then immersed in distilled water for 1, 6, 24, 48 or 96 h. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to evaluate the concentration of different water components, as well as the water distribution. The results indicated that the combined treatment showed much better performance than either treatment individually, particularly when PWE impregnation was followed by TM. Moreover, through the use of MRI, we characterized the role of both methods in the synergistic relationship, which showed that the PWE impregnation increased the wood hydrophobicity through decreasing free water absorption, while the TM performed the same function through bound water absorption. In addition, paraffin wax penetrated the newly formed cracks caused by TM, which also contributed to the synergistic mechanism between PWE impregnation and TM.
Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes children in western Saudi Arabia: 11-year experience
Authors: Al Shaikh Adnan , Farahat Fayssal , Saeedi Mohammad , Bakar Ayman , Al Gahtani Amal , Al-Zahrani Noura , Jaha Leena , Aseeri Mohammed A. , Al-Jifree Hatim M. , Al Zahrani Abdullah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
A wide range of reports on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children have been published worldwide. Reports from Saudi Arabia are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical pattern and severity of DKA in children with newly diagnosed T1DM and the association of autoimmune conditions with initial DKA occurrence at King Abdulaziz Medical City – Jeddah.

Methods
This retrospective chart review was conducted during the period 2005–2015. All newly diagnosed T1DM children during the study period were investigated (n = 390). Data were collected on the demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), DKA severity, length of hospital stay and follow-up data on the type of diabetes therapy.

Results
The incidence of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM pediatric patients was 37.7% (n = 147). Moderate and severe DKA cases were significantly higher among female children (p = 0.04). Patients diagnosed with DKA had lower BMI (20.87 ± 5.21) than their counterparts (p = 0.03). The median length of hospital stay was higher among severe DKA compared to moderate and mild cases (5.0, 4.5 and 4.0 days, respectively).

Conclusions
The incidence of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM is still high compared to developed countries; however, it is relatively lower than previous reports in Saudi Arabia. Immediate interventions, such as awareness campaigns, are vital to reduce the burden of this preventable health sequela among children with DM.
Distract, delay, disrupt: examples of manufactured doubt from five industries
Authors: Goldberg Rebecca F. , Vandenberg Laura N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Manufactured doubt describes the efforts used by organizations or individuals to obscure the harmful effects of their products or actions by manipulating science. Although approaches to do so are widely used, relevant stakeholders are often unaware of these tactics. Here, we examine the strategies used in five cases of manufactured doubt: tobacco and adverse health; coal and black lung; Syngenta and the herbicide atrazine; the sugar industry and cardiovascular disease; and the Marshall Institute and climate change. By describing the tactics used in these cases, effective methods for identifying and countering instances of manufactured doubt can be generated.