bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse wave velocity to global longitudinal strain ratio in hypertension
Authors: Ikonomidis Ignatios , Katsanos Spyridon , Triantafyllidi Hellen , Parissis John , Tzortzis Stavros , Pavlidis George , Trivilou Paraskevi , Makavos Georgios , Varoudi Maria , Frogoudaki Alexandra , Vrettou Agathi‐Rosa , Vlastos Dimitrios , Lekakis John , Iliodromitis Efstathios 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundArterial elastance to left ventricular elastance ratio assessed by echocardiography is widely used as a marker of ventricular‐arterial coupling.Materials and methodsWe investigated whether the ratio of carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, as a marker of arterial stiffness, to global longitudinal strain, as a marker of left ventricular performance, could be better associated with vascular and cardiac damage than the established arterial elastance/left ventricular elastance index. In 299 newly‐diagnosed untreated hypertensives we measured, carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima‐media thickness, coronary‐flow reserve, arterial elastance/left ventricular elastance, global longitudinal strain, and markers of left ventricular diastolic function (E/A and E’) by echocardiography.ResultsPulse wave velocity‐to‐global longitudinal strain ratio (PWV/GLS) was lower in hypertensives than controls (−0.61 ± 0.21 vs −0.45 ± 0.11 m/sec%, P < 0.001). Low PWV/GLS values were associated with carotid‐intima media thickness > 0.9 mm (P = 0.003), E/A ≤ 0.8 (P = 0.019) and E’ ≤ 9 cm/sec (P = 0.002) and coronary‐flow reserve < 2.5 (P = 0.017), after adjustment for age, sex and mean arterial pressure. Low PWV/GLS was also associated with increased left ventricular mass and left atrial volume in the univariate (P = 0.003 and 0.038) but not in the multivariate model. In hypertensives, there was no significant association of arterial elastance‐to‐left ventricular elastance index with carotid intima media thickness, coronary flow reserve, E/A, E’, or left atrial volume with the exception of an inverse association with left ventricular mass (P = 0.027).ConclusionsPulse wave velocity‐to‐global longitudinal strain ratio but not the echocardiography‐derived arterial elastance‐to left ventricular elastance index is related to impaired carotid‐intima media thickness, coronary‐flow reserve and diastolic function in hypertensives.
FACE facts hold for multiple generations; Evidence from natural CO2 springs
Authors: Saban Jasmine M. , Chapman Mark A. , Taylor Gail 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentration is a key driver of enhanced global greening, thought to account for up to 70% of increased global vegetation in recent decades. CO2 fertilization effects have further profound implications for ecosystems, food security and biosphere‐atmosphere feedbacks. However, it is also possible that current trends will not continue, due to ecosystem level constraints and as plants acclimate to future CO2 concentrations. Future predictions of plant response to rising [CO2] are often validated using single‐generation short‐term FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) experiments but whether this accurately represents vegetation response over decades is unclear. The role of transgenerational plasticity and adaptation in the multigenerational response has yet to be elucidated. Here, we propose that naturally occurring high CO2 springs provide a proxy to quantify the multigenerational and long‐term impacts of rising [CO2] in herbaceous and woody species respectively, such that plasticity, transgenerational effects and genetic adaptation can be quantified together in these systems. In this first meta‐analysis of responses to elevated [CO2] at natural CO2 springs, we show that the magnitude and direction of change in eight of nine functional plant traits are consistent between spring and FACE experiments. We found increased photosynthesis (49.8% in spring experiments, comparable to 32.1% in FACE experiments) and leaf starch (58.6% spring, 84.3% FACE), decreased stomatal conductance (gs, 27.2% spring, 21.1% FACE), leaf nitrogen content (6.3% spring, 13.3% FACE) and Specific Leaf Area (SLA, 9.7% spring, 6.0% FACE). These findings not only validate the use of these sites for studying multigenerational plant response to elevated [CO2], but additionally suggest that long‐term positive photosynthetic response to rising [CO2] are likely to continue as predicted by single‐generation exposure FACE experiments.
Comprehensive and cell‐type‐based characterization of the dorsal midbrain during development
Authors: Arimura Nariko , Dewa Ken‐ichi , Okada Mako , Yanagawa Yuchio , Taya Shin‐ichiro , Hoshino Mikio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe layer structure has been intensively characterized in the developing neocortex and cerebellum based on the various molecular markers. However, as to the developing dorsal midbrain, comprehensive analyses have not been intensely carried out, and thus, the name as well as the definition of each layer is not commonly shared. Here, we redefined the three layers, such as the ventricular zone, intermediate zone and marginal zone, based on various markers for proliferation and differentiation in embryonic dorsal midbrain. Biphasic Ki67 expression defines the classical VZ, in which there is clear separation of the mitotic and interphase zones. Next, we mapped the distribution of immature neurons to the defined layers, based on markers for glutamatergic and GABAergic lineage. Interestingly, Tbr2 and Neurog2 were expressed in the postmitotic neurons. We also report that active (phosphorylated) JNK is a useful marker to demarcate layers during the embryonic stage. Finally, we validated the final arrival layers of the migratory glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. These results form a foundation for analyses of brain development, especially in the proliferation and migration of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the dorsal midbrain.
Effect of weather conditions on the spring migration of Eurasian Woodcock and consequences for breeding
Authors: Le Rest Kévin , Hoodless Andrew , Heward Christopher , Cazenave Jean‐Louis , Ferrand Yves 
Published: November 2018

Migration is a critical period of time with fitness consequences for birds. The development of tracking technologies now allows researchers to examine how different aspects of bird migration affect population dynamics. Weather conditions experienced during migration are expected to influence movements and, subsequently, the timing of arrival and the energetic costs involved. We analysed satellite‐tracking data from 68 Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola fitted with Argos satellite tags in the British Isles and France (2012–17). First, we evaluated the effect of weather conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability and visibility) on migration movements of individuals. Then we investigated the consequences for breeding success (age ratio) and brood precocity (early‐brood ratio) population‐level indices while accounting for climatic variables on the breeding grounds. Air temperature, wind and relative humidity were the main variables related to migration movements, with high temperatures and northward winds greatly increasing the probability of onward flights, whereas a trend towards greater humidity over 4 days decreased the probability of movement. Breeding success was mostly affected by climatic variables on the breeding grounds. The proportion of juveniles in autumn was negatively correlated with temperature in May, but positively correlated with precipitation in June and July. Brood precocity was poorly explained by the covariates used in this study. Our data for the Eurasian Woodcock indicate that, although weather conditions during spring migration affect migration movements, they do not have a major influence on subsequent breeding success.
Introduction to Special Section on: Precarity, Illegality and Temporariness: Implications and Consequences of Canadian Migration Management
Authors: Hari Amrita , Liew Jamie Chai Yun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCanada's current immigration, refugee, citizenship and temporary migration polices facilitate the production and maintenance of multitude forms of temporariness. The designation of temporary and precarious status means limited rights, conditionality and increased risk of abuse and exploitation. It also shapes persons’ access to rights and services and their sense of belonging. The special section includes four original articles that employ a range of qualitative methods to delve into the issue of temporariness and its implications for migrants, Canadians, and the future of migration management in Canada. The authors call for repeals, amendments and the creation of innovative programmes that leads to pathways to permanent status. The contributions are intended to provide active, pointed, and practical recommendations that would eventually lead to an immigration programme that is efficient, secure, and complies with international human rights standards while eliminating instances of abuse and exploitation.
Oral hygiene of children with cleft lip and palate: Efficacy of the cleft toothbrush ‐ A designed add‐on to regular toothbrushes
Authors: Rodrigues Rita , Fernandes Maria Helena , Monteiro Antonio Bessa , Furfuro Rowney , Silva Cátia Carvalho , Mendes Joaquim , Manso Maria Conceição 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe anatomical and morphological alterations associated with cleft lip and palate (CLP) favour the buildup of dental plaque.AimTo assess the efficacy of a new add‐on to regular toothbrush—the Cleft Toothbrush, in removing the dental plaque of CLP patients, compared to a regular toothbrush.DesignForty‐five children with CLP were randomly organized into two groups: A (n = 26, 2‐6 years old) and B (n = 19, 7‐12 years old). They were evaluated at days 0, 15, 30, and 60. After brushing their teeth with a regular toothbrush or with the Cleft Toothbrush, the dental plaque was recorded using an adapted Plaque Index (aPI). Data analyses were performed in IBM SPSS(c), and all statistic inference comparisons were made using non‐parametric tests.ResultsIn the first 15 days, children used a new regular toothbrush and aPI‐C (teeth adjacent to the cleft) was recorded. The Cleft Toothbrush, used by all children from day 15 to day 30, showed high efficacy in removing dental plaque in the cleft area, evidenced by significantly lower aPI‐C values, compared to those observed with the regular toothbrush (P < 0.001). When given free option of brushing technique, from day 30 to day 60, most of the children (38 out of 45) chose the Cleft Toothbrush.ConclusionsThe Cleft Toothbrush showed high efficacy in removing dental plaque in the cleft area, and presented high level of acceptance by parents and children, compared to a regular toothbrush. This is expected to improve the health status of the local adjacent tissues, a requirement for their rehabilitation.
Maxing Out in China: Optimism or Attention?
Authors: Cheema Muhammad A. , Nartea Gilbert V. , Man Yimei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBali et al. (2011) document a maximum daily returns (MAX) premium in the US where stocks with the highest MAX underperform stocks with the lowest MAX in the subsequent month. However, the source of this MAX premium is contentious. Fong and Toh (2014) find that the MAX premium exclusively follows high sentiment periods suggesting that it is driven by investor optimism during high sentiment periods. In contrast Cheon and Lee (2017) find that the MAX premium is stronger following low sentiment periods suggesting that it is driven by the attention‐grabbing characteristic of high MAX stocks in low sentiment periods. We present evidence from China consistent with the MAX premium being driven by investor optimism during high sentiment periods.
Synergetic tuning of electrical/thermal transport via dual‐doping in Bi0.96−xMgxPb0.06CuSeO
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhu Yingcai , Liu Wei‐Shu , Marcelli Augusto , Xu Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe layered oxyselenides BiCuSeO was recently discovered as potential thermoelectric. Our result reveals that the substitute for atom Bi3+ by Pb2+ & Mg2+ in (Bi2O2)2− play an important role in electrical transport properties. The maximum electrical conductivity obtained is 460 Scm−1 for Bi0.84Mg0.10Pb0.06CuSeO at RT, highly above the 15 Sm−1 for BiCuSeO. In synergy with low thermal conductivity (0.6‐0.4 Wm−1 K−1) and large thermopower (300‐500 μVK−1), the highest ZT is achieved about 0.80 at 873 K for Bi0.88Mg0.06Pb0.06CuSeO.
Effect of interphase on mechanical properties and microstructures of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites at elevated temperatures
Authors: Ding Qi , Ni Dewei , Wang Zhen , Kan Yanmei , He Ping , Zhang Xiangyu , Ding Yusheng , Dong Shaoming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInterphase between the fibers and matrix plays a key role on the properties of fiber reinforced composites. In this work, the effect of interphase on mechanical properties and microstructures of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites at elevated temperatures was investigated. When PyC interphase is used, flexural strength and elastic modulus of the Cf/SiBCN composites decrease seriously at 1600°C (92 ± 15 MPa, 12 ± 2 GPa), compared with the properties at room temperature (371 ± 31 MPa, 31 ± 2 GPa). While, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of Cf/SiBCN composites with PyC/SiC multilayered interphase at 1600°C are as high as 330 ± 7 MPa and 30 ± 2 GPa, respectively, which are 97% and 73% of the values at room temperature (341 ± 20 MPa, 41 ± 2 GPa). To clarify the effect mechanism of the interphase on mechanical properties of the Cf/SiBCN composites at elevated temperature, interfacial bonding strength (IFBS) and microstructures of the composites were investigated in detail. It reveals that the PyC/SiC multilayered interphase can retard the SiBCN matrix degradation at elevated temperature, leading to the high strength retention of the composites at 1600°C.
Understanding sexual prejudice: The role of political ideology and strategic essentialism
Authors: Hoyt Crystal L. , Morgenroth Thekla , Burnette Jeni L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the increased visibility and acceptance of the LGBTQ community, sexual minorities continue to face prejudice and discrimination in many domains. Past research has shown that this prejudice is more prevalent among those holding conservative political views. In two studies, we merge strategic essentialism and motivated ideology theoretical perspectives to empirically investigate the link between political orientation and sexual prejudice. More specifically, we examine how conservatives strategically use different forms of essentialism to support their views of gay individuals and their reactions to messages aimed at changing essentializing beliefs. In Study 1 (N = 220), we demonstrate that conservatives endorse social essentialism (i.e., the belief that gay and straight people are fundamentally different from each other) more than liberals do. In turn, they blame gay individuals more for their sexual orientation and show more prejudice toward them. At the same time, conservatives endorse trait essentialism (i.e., the belief that sexual orientation is a fixed attribute that cannot be changed) less than liberals do, which in turn predicts greater levels of blame and prejudice for conservatives relative to liberals. In Study 2 (N = 217), we additionally show that conservatives, but not liberals, are resistant to messages aimed at increasing trait essentialism and reducing prejudice toward sexual minorities. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
α‐galactosylceramide generates lung regulatory T cells through the activated natural killer T cells in mice
Authors: Chen Qianhui , Guo Xuxue , Deng Nishan , Liu Linlin , Chen Shuo , Wang Ailing , Li Ruiyun , Huang Yi , Ding Xuhong , Yu Hongying , Hu Suping , Nie Hanxiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur previous study showed that intraperitoneal injection of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer) has the ability to activate lung iNKT cells, but α‐GalCer‐activated iNKT cells do not result in airway inflammation in wild‐type (WT) mice. Many studies showed that iNKT cells had the capacity to induce Treg cells, which gave rise to peripheral tolerance. Therefore, we examined the influence of intraperitoneal administration of α‐GalCer on the expansion and suppressive activity of lung Treg cells using iNKT cell‐knockout mice and co‐culture experiments in vitro. We also compared airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after α‐GalCer administration in specific anti‐CD25 mAb‐treated mice. Our data showed that intraperitoneal injection of α‐GalCer could promote the expansion of lung Treg cells in WT mice, but not in iNKT cell‐knockout mice. However, α‐GalCer administration could not boost suppressive activity of Treg cells in WT mice and iNKT cell‐knockout mice. Interestingly, functional inactivation of Treg cells could induce airway inflammation and AHR in WT mice treated with α‐GalCer. Furthermore, α‐GalCer administration could enhance iNKT cells to secrete IL‐2, and neutralization of IL‐2 reduced the expansion of Treg cells in vivo and in vitro. Thus, intraperitoneal administration of α‐GalCer can induce the generation of lung Treg cells in mice through the release of IL‐2 by the activated iNKT cells.
A systematic review on risk factors in developing a first‐time Venous Leg Ulcer
Authors: Meulendijks A.M. , de Vries F.M.C. , van Dooren A.A. , Schuurmans M.J. , Neumann H.A.M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVenous Leg Ulcers (VLU) occur in about 1% of the Western population. A VLU takes 3–12 months to heal, it recurs often, and it has a negative impact on the quality of life. The risk factors for the development of a first VLU are not well‐understood and prevention of a first VLU therefore remains underappreciated. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for developing a first VLU in adults (aged > 18 years) by searching the literature. We searched the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Cinalh and Narcisto identify studies that investigated risk factors in developing a VLU. The last search was performed in January 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts and full‐text articles, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Results of studies using duplex scanning, and comparing participants with and without VLUs were included in the qualitative analysis. Where possible a quantitative meta‐analysis was conducted. We found five studies that investigated the relation of several risk factors with VLU development. The methodological differences of the studies made it impossible to perform a quantitative analysis. The risk factors higher age (four studies), higher body mass index (four studies), low physical activity (four studies), arterial hypertension (four studies), deep vein reflux (three studies), deep venous thrombosis (three studies) and family history of VLU (three studies) were significantly associated with a VLU in the majority of the studies. To what extent they influence the development of a VLU remains unclear because of the limited number of studies that investigated the association of these risk factors with VLU development, and the heterogeneity of these studies. Further studies are needed to confirm the association of these risk factors with the development of a VLU and to explore overweight and low physical activity in more detail.
A leaf shape mutant provides insight into PINOID Serine/Threonine Kinase function in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Song Mengfei , Cheng Feng , Wang Jing , Wei Qingzhen , Fu Wenyuan , Yu Xiaqing , Li Ji , Chen Jinfeng , Lou Qunfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOptimizing leaf shape is a major challenge in efforts to develop an ideal plant type. Cucumber leaf shapes are diverse; however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf shape formation are unknown. In this study, we obtained a round leaf mutant (rl) from an ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutagenesis population. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive gene, rl, is responsible for this mutation. A modified MutMap analysis combined linkage mapping identified a single nucleotide polymorphism within a candidate gene, Csa1M537400, as the mutation underlying the trait. Csa1M537400 encodes a PINOID kinase protein involved in auxin transport. Expression of Csa1M537400 was significantly lower in the rl mutant than in wild type, and it displayed higher levels of IAA (indole‐3‐acetic acid) in several tissues. Treatment of wild‐type plants with an auxin transport inhibitor induced the formation of round leaves, similar to those in the rl mutant. Altered expression patterns of several auxin‐related genes in the rl mutant suggest that rl plays a key role in auxin biosynthesis, transport, and response in cucumber. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of auxin signaling pathways in cucumber, and will be valuable in the development of an ideal plant type.
Analysis of the chromatin binding affinity of retrotransposases reveals novel roles in diploid and tetraploid cotton
Authors: Lin Jing , Cai Ying , Huang Gai , Yang Yan , Li Yang , Wang Kun , Wu Zhiguo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLTR‐retrotransposable elements are major components of diploid (Gossypium arboreum) and tetraploid (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton genomes that have undergone dramatic increases in copy number during the course of evolution. However, little is known about the biological functions of LTR‐retrotransposable elements in cotton. Here, we show that a copia‐like LTR‐retrotransposable element has maintained considerable activity in both G. arboreum and G. hirsutum. We identified two functional domains of the retrotransposon and analyzed their expression levels in various cotton tissues, including leaves, ovules, and germinating seeds. ChIP‐qPCR (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative PCR), using a copia‐specific antibody, established that copia‐like proteins primarily bind to the first exons of several protein‐coding genes in cotton cells. This finding suggests that retrotransposons play a novel, important role in regulating the transcriptional activities of protein‐coding genes with various biological activities.
A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat
Authors: Brinton Jemima , Uauy Cristobal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGrain yield is a highly polygenic trait that is influenced by the environment and integrates events throughout the life cycle of a plant. In wheat, the major grain yield components often present compensatory effects among them, which alongside the polyploid nature of wheat, makes their genetic and physiological study challenging. We propose a reductionist and systematic approach as an initial step to understand the gene networks regulating each individual yield component. Here, we focus on grain weight and discuss the importance of examining individual sub‐components, not only to help in their genetic dissection, but also to inform our mechanistic understanding of how they interrelate. This knowledge should allow the development of novel combinations, across homoeologs and between complementary modes of action, thereby advancing towards a more integrated strategy for yield improvement. We argue that this will break barriers in terms of phenotypic variation, enhance our understanding of the physiology of yield, and potentially deliver improved on‐farm yield.