bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention for everyone? A review of cross‐cultural issues and their treatment in ultra‐high‐risk (UHR) cohorts
Authors: Deriu Valentina , Moro Marie Rose , Benoit Laelia 
Published: April 2018

AimOver the past 20 years, early management of psychosis has become both a research and policy priority. In Western countries, psychotic disorders appear more prevalent in migrant and minority ethnic groups than in native or dominant groups. Moreover, disparities exist in health conditions and access to care among immigrants and minority ethnic groups, compared with native‐born and majority groups. Appropriate early detection tools are necessary for the different groups.MethodsThis systematic review provides a synthesis of the assessment and discussion of transcultural issues in ultra‐high‐risk (UHR) cohorts. The Medline database was searched via PubMed for peer‐reviewed articles published in English from 1995 to 2017. All 79 studies included are prospective UHR cohort studies that used the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS).ResultsIn UHR cohort studies that used the CAARMS, transcultural data (native language, ethnicity, place of birth, migration) are rarely collected, and inadequate ability to speak the dominant language is a common exclusion criterion. When they are included, the CAARMS scores differ between some minorities and the native‐born majority group.ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates barriers to the access to participation in early intervention research for migrants and ethnic minorities. This selection bias may result in lower validity for the CAARMS among these populations and thus in inadequate intervention programmes. Along with targeted studies, minorities’ access to participation in UHR cohorts should be improved through 3 tools: interpreters at recruitment and for administration of CAARMS, a guide to cultural formulation and transcultural data collection.
Regulation for health inequalities and non‐communicable diseases: In want of (effective) behavioural insights
Authors: Gokani Nikhil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe death and disease burden of non‐communicable diseases falls disproportionately on members of lower socioeconomic groups. This paper explores NCD prevention measures introduced through EU consumer law in order to assess the impact these have had on health inequalities. It demonstrates that these interventions often have limited impact, and therefore maintain inequalities. Indeed, when interventions do work, they tend to be more effective with advantaged citizens than disadvantaged citizens, and therefore increase inequalities. From a behavioural research perspective, this paper demonstrates why these interventions – which focus on regulating the consumer information environment – have failed to reduce health inequalities, and analyses the debate on the extent to which behavioural research should act as a core consideration in public health related consumer policy. The paper concludes that, while regulating consumer information is a useful tool for NCD prevention, if information‐based interventions are to reduce health inequalities the EU will need to incorporate greater insights from the way consumers actually behave. Moreover, there are limitations to policies which regulate information, and therefore the EU should make more use of other tools in its regulatory toolbox.
Minority Stress and Same‐Sex Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Concealment Motivation
Authors: Pepping Christopher A. , Cronin Timothy J. , Halford W. Kim , Lyons Anthony 
Published: April 2018

Most lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people want a stable, satisfying romantic relationship. Although many of the predictors of relationship outcomes are similar to those of heterosexual couples, same‐sex couples face some additional challenges associated with minority stress that also impact upon relationship quality. Here, we investigate the association between minority stressors and relationship quality in a sample of 363 adults (M age = 30.37, SD = 10.78) currently in a same‐sex romantic relationship. Internalized homophobia and difficulties accepting one's LGB identity were each negatively associated with relationship satisfaction via heightened concealment motivation. We also examined the protective role of identity affirmation on relationship quality, finding a direct positive relationship between the two variables. Minority stressors were negatively associated with couple relationship satisfaction via heightened concealment motivation. The finding that identity affirmation directly predicted increased couple satisfaction also highlights the important role of protective factors in same‐sex couple relationships.
Selling luxury fashion to conspicuous consumers in the presence of discount sensitivity behavior
Authors: Zhou Jianheng , Xu Xiaolei , Shen Bin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the luxury fashion industry, with the possibility of stockout, conspicuous consumers may purchase products at the full price rather than wait for any potential discount. However, in the presence of a possible future discount, conspicuous consumers may also feel regret to purchase at the full price if they find that the product is still available at the markdown price. Considering the possible stockout and future discount, in this paper, we evaluate the firm's pricing and production decisions on conspicuous consumers in the presence of discount sensitivity behavior. We build up an analytical model and consider that the customer purchasing utility decreases with discount sensitivity if she/he purchases at the full price. The firm can create scarcity in the market by reducing inventory to induce customers to purchase early. If the fraction of the customers with discount sensitivity is lower than a certain level, the firm should intentionally produce a large amount of products. Moreover, we find that product design enhancement can effectively weaken the negative effects of customer discount sensitivity on the quantity decisions. More managerial insights are discussed.
Enhanced mechanical properties of amorphous SiOC nanofibrous membrane through in situ embedding nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Nan , Wang Bing , Wang Yingde 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlexible ceramic nanofibers are highly desired due to their potential applications in free‐standing catalyst supports, fine particulate filters and flexible electronic devices. In this work, robust SiOC fibrous membranes composed of randomly oriented nanofibers with an average diameter of 550 nm were fabricated by a combination of electrospinning and post heat‐treatment process. The mechanical properties of the as‐prepared membranes were enhanced significantly through in situ embedding of palladium nanoparticles into the SiOC fibers. The optimized palladium‐doped SiOC fibrous membrane demonstrated a low flexural modulus of 7.79 kPa and a high tensile strength of 33.2 MPa. Reduced flaw size, initiation of nanocracks and pinning effect were proposed to explain the enhancement mechanism. Furthermore, the flexible SiOC membrane with excellent corrosion resistance exhibits a high filtration efficiency of 99.6% when the membrane weight is 4.8 g m−2, suggesting efficient filtration applications in harsh environments. This work also provides a feasible strategy for the design and fabrication of the flexible amorphous ceramic fiber membranes for various applications.
Ties That Bind? Comparing Kin Support Availability for Mothers of Mixed‐Race and Monoracial Infants
Authors: Bratter Jenifer L. , Whitehead Ellen M. 
Published: April 2018

Although interracial partnerships are increasingly common, social distance between racial groups may impact participants' ties with extended kin. One persistent yet untested premise is that mothers with a biracial baby are “cut off” from extended family members. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,147), we explore perceptions of kin support availability for mothers of infants and whether perceptions differ if the father is a different race or ethnicity than the mother. We uncover stark differences in the likelihood of perceiving support as unavailable between mothers in same‐race and interracial parenting unions. Multivariate logistic regressions reveal that interracial partnering is positively associated with mothers perceiving support as unavailable, but this pattern is moderated by race and ethnicity of the mother, with the greatest difference emerging for White mothers. Ultimately, interracial partnering and childbearing may produce social isolation from kin, reflecting the enduring White‐non‐White divide.
Comparison of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis to the Napping methodology with and without product training
Authors: Oliver Penelope , Cicerale Sara , Pang Edwin , Keast Russell 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNapping has recently been gaining popularity as a rapid descriptive profiling method, primarily for the reduction in cost and time when compared with traditional descriptive analysis. Questions remain regarding the accuracy of data from untrained consumers and how this differs from a trained panel. The aim of this research is to compare results obtained from a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) strawberry‐trained panel with untrained consumers applying Napping combined with ultra‐flash profile (UFP). Six strawberry samples (three duplicate cultivars) were assessed. Untrained consumers (n = 131) used Napping to separate strawberries based on their similarities and differences. Trained panelists (n = 12, minimum 60 hr training), applied QDA and Napping on two separate occasions. Results revealed Napping with UFP to produce product configurations comparable to QDA (RV coefficients of 0.936 and 0.898 between QDA and Napping via a trained panel, and a consumer panel, respectively), with similar descriptive terms to describe products. With a reduction in the number of consumers applying Napping with UFP, however, the similarity between methodologies declined. Furthermore, a lack of common understanding of attribute definitions limited its application. Therefore, Napping with UFP applied by a larger pool of assessors has been deemed an appropriate alternative to QDA when time is limited.Practical applicationThe comparison of the Napping with ultra‐flash profile (UFP) methodology to traditional descriptive analysis will provide insight into consumer perception, and how this differs from an expertly trained panel. Upon evaluating this technique, Napping with UFP using untrained consumers may prove to be a valid instrument in objectively profiling the flavor of non‐homogenous agricultural products, potentially proving a viable alternative to the traditional QDA methods in future research of these products.
Temporal dynamics of maintenance in young and old adults
Authors: Fanuel Lison , Plancher Gaën , Monsaingeon Noé , Tillmann Barbara , Portrat Sophie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated the time course of refreshing in young and old adults by analyzing the influence of memory load on response times for the processing of concurrent information. One to five squares sequentially displayed in random locations had to be memorized. Before the serial recall of the squares’ locations, participants performed self‐paced parity judgments on sequentially presented numbers. Trials without squares—not requiring memorization, but only parity judgments—constituted the control condition. Response times of parity judgments were separated for responses to the first digit and for responses to subsequent digits. In young adults, the results provided evidence for consolidation and refreshing, namely, the linear increase of first and subsequent response times with memory load. For old adults, a different pattern emerged: (1) the mean response time for the first digit processing was longer with memorization than without, probably reflecting task‐switching rather than consolidation; and (2) in contrast to young adults, memory load did not affect subsequent response times, suggesting a deficit in the initiation of refreshing. Overall, findings support the hypothesis of impaired refreshing in aging.
The effects of verbal and spatial memory load on children's processing speed
Authors: Morey Candice C. , Hadley Lauren V. , Buttelmann Frances , Könen Tanja , Meaney Julie‐Anne , Auyeung Bonnie , Karbach Julia , Chevalier Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExamining the impact of maintenance on processing speed allows us to test whether storage and processing resources are shared. Comparing these relationships in children of different ages allows further insight into whether one or multiple resources for these operations must be assumed and whether remembering is proactive throughout childhood. We tested 185 4‐ to 6‐ and 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children using adaptive complex span tasks, in which simple judgments were interleaved between to‐be‐remembered items. The adaptiveness of our tasks ensured that all participants frequently correctly recalled the items. If storage and processing require a single resource, and if participants serially reactivate the memoranda between processing episodes, processing response times should increase with serial position of the processing judgment within lists. We observed different within‐list dynamics for each age group. Older children's processing judgments slowed gradually when more than two memory items were maintained. By contrast, younger children showed no evidence of slower processing with increasing memory load. Our results support models of working memory that assume that some common resource is responsible for verbal and spatial storage and processing. They also support the notion that remembering becomes more proactive as children mature.
Driving working memory with frequency‐tuned noninvasive brain stimulation
Authors: Albouy Philippe , Baillet Sylvain , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFrequency‐tuned noninvasive brain stimulation is a recent approach in cognitive neuroscience that involves matching the frequency of transcranially applied electromagnetic fields to that of specific oscillatory components of the underlying neurophysiology. The objective of this method is to modulate ongoing/intrinsic brain oscillations, which correspond to rhythmic fluctuations of neural excitability, to causally change behavior. We review the impact of frequency‐tuned noninvasive brain stimulation on the research field of human working memory. We argue that this is a powerful method to probe and understand the mechanisms of memory functions, targeting specifically task‐related oscillatory dynamics, neuronal representations, and brain networks. We report the main behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes published to date, in particular, how functionally relevant oscillatory signatures in signal power and interregional connectivity yield causal changes of working memory abilities. We also present recent developments of the technique that aim to modulate cross‐frequency coupling in polyrhythmic neural activity. Overall, the method has led to significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of systems neuroscience, and the role of brain oscillations in cognition and behavior. We also emphasize the translational impact of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in the development of therapeutic approaches.
Intra‐oral noma‐like lesion associated with acute myeloid leukaemia: a case report
Authors: Chatzipantelis A. , Atkin P. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia is a malignancy of the white blood cells that can develop in both children and adults with rapid development and possible intra‐oral manifestations.This report describes a case involving a 50‐year‐old patient who was referred to the Emergency Department of a University Dental Hospital complaining of severe intra‐oral ulceration, spontaneous intra‐oral bleeding and generalised fatigue and malaise. Examination revealed the existence of an erythematous intra‐oral necrotising, noma‐like, ulceration in the posterior area of the right buccal mucosa. The patient was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia.Acute myeloid leukaemia develops rapidly and the initial symptoms may be non‐specific. Patients may demonstrate intra‐oral manifestations; most common symptoms include spontaneous gingival bleeding, gingival enlargement and acute ulceration. Ulceration with necrotising (noma‐like) characteristics is a rare oral manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia, the cause of which is yet unknown. Fewer than 10 cases have been reported in the international literature.Intra‐oral pathology can be an early indicator of significant medical pathology. A dental practitioner is likely to be the first point of contact for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia due to the unusual or painful nature of the intra‐oral pathology; identification of suspicious signs and symptoms can lead to early detection and treatment.Clinical relevance Leukaemia may present initially to dental practitioners because of a high incidence of early intra‐oral signs and symptoms. A high index of suspicion for underlying systemic disease will lead to prompt onward referral for specialist investigations.Oral presentations may include spontaneous gingival bleeding and gingival enlargement. A rare oral presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia is deep and severe oral ulceration presenting as a noma‐like lesion, which we present here.
Factors Shaping Policy Learning: A Study of Policy Actors in Subnational Climate and Energy Issues
Authors: Pattison Andrew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe concept of learning has long played a central role in the theories and frameworks used to understand policy processes. Findings described here aim to contribute to the theoretical and methodological understanding of individual learning in the policy process by explicitly examining belief change and belief reinforcement as products of policy learning, measuring both, as well as measuring the absence of either. The objective of this study is to use the lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework to examine some of the factors that promote and shape policy learning, including policy actors' beliefs and the extent to which policy actors engage in various policy activities within and between belief coalitions. The results indicate that extreme beliefs are associated with belief reinforcement, relative to policy actors with more moderate beliefs, and that collaboration with individuals with differing policy views is associated with belief change.
Participating in A Panel Survey Changes Respondents’ Labour Market Behaviour
Authors: Bach Ruben L. , Eckman Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPanel survey participation can bring about unintended changes in respondents’ behaviour and/or their reporting of behaviour. Using administrative data linked to a large panel survey, we analyse whether the survey brings about changes in respondents’ labour market behaviour. We estimate the causal effect of panel participation on the take-up of federal labour market programmes by using instrumental variables. Results show that panel survey participation leads to an increase in respondents’ take-up of these measures. These results suggest that panel survey participation not only affects the reporting of behaviour, as previous studies have demonstrated, but can also alter respondents’ actual behaviour.
Innovative soil management for sustainable pomegranate cultivation on skeletal soils
Authors: Marathe R. A. , Sharma Jyotsana , Murkute A. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn innovative planting technique for pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa in gravelly, shallow soils was standardized. Trapezoidal pits were dug in skeletal soils and filled with various types of soils, namely, gravelly, loamy, clayey, clayey mixed with sand and weathered rock. The clayey soil had the highest capacity to supply macronutrients (available N: 376.1, P: 47.1 and K: 761.6 kg/ha), and the loamy soil had the highest capacity to supply micronutrients (available Fe: 19.2, Cu: 8.1 and Zn: 1.83 ppm). The highest Mn (41.2 ppm), Zn (22.4 ppm), Cu (80.1 ppm) and chlorophyll (61.8) contents were observed in the leaves of plants grown in loamy soil. The highest number of hermaphrodite flowers was observed in loamy soil. Higher fruit quality in terms of higher juice content (49.3%), total soluble solids (TSS) in fruit juice (15.7°B) and TSS:acid ratio (37.8) was produced in light‐textured soil. The highest fruit yield (4.28 t/ha) and cost‐benefit ratio (3.85) were obtained in clayey soil up to 0.60 m depth. This produced a 90.2% increase in yield, while total income was 147.4% higher than that obtained with weathered rock. However, when the pits were filled with clayey soils up to 1.20 m depth, disease prevalence increased, and yield was markedly reduced, to 2.25 t/ha. Thus, it may be concluded that skeletal soils could be used for pomegranate cultivation by refilling rhizosphere soil strata with clayey or loamy soil material up to 0.60 m depth.
Unresponsiveness to meglumine antimoniate in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis field isolates: analysis of resistance biomarkers by gene expression profiling
Authors: Oliaee Razieh Tavakoli , Sharifi Iraj , Afgar Ali , Kareshk Amir Tavakoli , Asadi Arash , Heshmatkhah Amireh , Bamorovat Mehdi , Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Daneshvar Hamid 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundResistance to antimonials is a fundamental determinant of treatment failure in anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Detection of reliable molecular markers to distinguish unresponsive and responsive parasites is critical for consolidating strategies to monitor drug efficacy.MethodsWe analysed the expression of five major antimony resistance‐associated genes that is aquaglyceroporin1 (AQP1), γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS), multidrug resistance protein A (MRPA), trypanothione reductase (TR) and thiol‐dependent reductase 1 (TDR1), in unresponsive and responsive Leishmania tropica field isolates by quantitative real‐time PCR in comparison with sensitive and resistant reference strains.ResultsGene expression analysis showed the down‐regulation of AQP1, γ‐GCS and TDR1 by a factor of 1.9, 1.7 and 3.55, respectively, in unresponsive isolates vs. responsive ones. The average RNA expression level of MRPA increased by a factor of 1.9 in the unresponsive group. Isolates exhibited a strong positive linear correlation between gene expression of AQP1 and γ‐GCS. A negative correlation between the AQP1 and γ‐GCS expression level and lesion duration in responsive patients indicated the potential role in diagnosing drug‐unresponsive parasites in endemic areas of ACL.ConclusionIn cases of inconclusive outcomes of resistance tests in clinical isolates, expression analysis of a set of influential genes can be beneficial to identify distinctive biomarkers between antimony‐unresponsive and responsive parasites.