bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blade Aeration Effects on Near‐Surface Permeability and Overland Flow Likelihood on Two Stagnosol Pastures in Cumbria, UK
Authors: Wallace Ethan E. , Chappell Nick A. 
Published: September 2019

Overland flow (OF) from permanent pastures is believed to be a rapid pathway to the drainage network and potentially contributes to flooding within numerous grassland regions of the world. Studies investigating whether aeration can reduce observed OF have revealed mixed findings. To improve process interpretation within these studies, topsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and penetration resistance (PR) were measured at two permanent Stagnosol (Aquic soil) pastures (P1 and P2) within Cumbria, UK, after blade aeration to 10 cm. Results were measured 2, 6, 13, and 21 wk post‐aeration and compared with the local rainfall record to assess the impact on infiltration excess overland flow (IEOF) likelihood (when rainfall intensity exceeds soil infiltration capacity). Within P1, aeration significantly increased Ks by up to a factor of 7.5 and caused several significant reductions in PR between 5 and 15 cm. Aeration decreased the IEOF likelihood during the 13‐ and 21‐wk sampling dates, reducing IEOF likelihood from up to 11.4% of rainfall periods pre‐aeration to 0.0926% of rainfall periods post‐aeration. Aeration within P2 revealed no significant increases in Ks, and no PR change besides a significant increase at 10 cm. The IEOF likelihood was virtually identical between aerated and unaerated treatments within P2. The study highlights that aeration can significantly improve Ks and PR, as well as substantially reduce the likelihood of IEOF generation, although benefits can be site specific.Core Ideas
Aeration can significantly increase topsoil permeability and reduce compaction.
Aeration can substantially lower the likelihood of infiltration excess overland flow.
Aeration may be ineffective on impermeable subsoils or highly compacted sites.
Ex situ permeability results may have limited application within aeration research.
Combined BACI and paired‐plot approaches are advised for future aeration studies.
Distributions and Conservation Status of Carrot Wild Relatives in Tunisia: A Case Study in the Western Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Mezghani Najla , Khoury Colin K. , Carver Daniel , Achicanoy Harold A. , Simon Philipp , Flores Fernando Martínez , Spooner David 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCrop wild relatives, the wild progenitors and closely related cousins of cultivated plant species, are sources of valuable genetic resources for crop improvement. Persisting gaps in knowledge of taxonomy, distributions, and characterization for traits of interest constrain their expanded use in plant breeding and likewise negatively affect ex situ (in genebanks) and in situ (in natural habitats) conservation planning. We compile the state of knowledge on the taxonomy and distributions of the wild relatives of carrot (genus Daucus L.) natively occurring within Tunisia—a hotspot of diversity of the genus, containing 13 taxa (27% of species worldwide). We use ecogeographic information to characterize their potential adaptations to abiotic stresses of interest in crop breeding and assess their ex situ and in situ conservation status. We find substantial ecogeographic variation both across taxa and between populations within taxa, with regard to adaptation to high temperatures, low precipitation, and other traits of potential interest. We categorize three of the taxa high priority for further conservation both ex situ and in situ, five medium priority, and five low priority, with none currently considered sufficiently conserved. Geographic hotspots for species diversity, especially in the northern coastal areas, represent particularly high value regions for efficient further collecting for ex situ conservation and for in situ protection in Tunisia.
Use of Freeze‐Thaw Purified Saline Water to Leach and Reclaim Gypsum‐Amended Saline‐Alkali Soils
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yang Jingsong , Huang Yanhe , Yao Rongjiang , Wang Ming Kuang , Lin Jinshi , Jiang Fangshi 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
More salts were distributed in liquid water than saline ice during the saline water freeze‐thaw process.
Leaching with saline ice melt‐water was better than leaching with saline water at reducing soil EC and SAR.
Gypsum application could improve the soil Ks when leached by the saline ice melt‐water.
The addition of gypsum could eliminate the soil alkalinity hazards post leaching.
Saline‐alkali soils adversely affect both the construction of ecological landscapes and crop production in coastal areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of freeze‐thaw process on purifying saline water, and evaluate the potential of combining saline ice melt‐water leaching and gypsum addition for remediating coastal saline‐alkali soil. Saline water with a salinity of 10 g L−1 was tested in this study, and the leaching experiment included four treatments: saline water direct leaching (S), saline water direct leaching combined with gypsum application (SG), saline ice melt‐water leaching (SI), and saline ice melt‐water leaching combined with gypsum application (SIG). The results showed that more salts were concentrated in the bottom ice layer than in the other ice layers after the saline water was completely frozen. The salinity of the melt‐water decreased during the melting process, and the mean salinity of melt‐water during the second half of the melting process was significantly lower than the salinity of source water samples. During the leaching phase, the cumulative leachate losses of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were significantly greater for the SI treatment than that for the S treatment. After leaching, the soil electrical conductivity (EC) significantly decreased, and the SI treatment exhibited better performance than the S treatment in terms of reducing the soil EC and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The application of gypsum improved the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and decreased both the soil pH and alkalinity when the coastal saline soil was leached by the saline ice melt‐water.
The Texas Soil Observation Network:A Comprehensive Soil Moisture Dataset for Remote Sensing and Land Surface Model Validation
Authors: Caldwell Todd G. , Bongiovanni Tara , Cosh Michael H. , Jackson Thomas J. , Colliander Andreas , Abolt Charles J. , Casteel Richard , Larson Toti , Scanlon Bridget R. , Young Michael H. 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
TxSON is a Core Cal/Val Site for the NASA SMAP, SMOS, and Sentinel programs.
TxSON consists of 40 in situ locations nested within a 36‐km EASE2 grid cell.
Locations monitor soil moisture, temperature, and precipitation at 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm.
Hourly, quality‐controlled data from 2015 to 2018 are available.
The spatiotemporal variability of soil water content (SWC) at the remote sensing scale requires dense monitoring for calibration and validation. Here, we present an overview of the Texas Soil Observation Network (TxSON), an intensively monitored area in the semiarid rangelands of the central Texas Hill Country. TxSON is a dense network consisting of 40 in situ locations nested at 36, 9, and 3 km within the Equal‐Area Scalable Earth Grid and serves as a Core Calibration and Validation Site for NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive mission. The 4‐yr dataset consists of hourly SWC measured at 5, 10, 20, and 50 cm. The SWC data are upscaled using arithmetic, Voronoi, and inverse distance weighting for 36‐, (2) 9‐, and (5) 3‐km grid cells. We present the site selection, environmental characteristics, network design, quality assurance (QA), upscaling algorithms, and data structure. Ancillary data include bulk density, particle size, and carbon content for each site and depth. We also provide automated QA for each location and scripts to use our binary flagging in upscaling methods. To summarize, the 36‐km grid cell has a mean bulk density of 1.34 ± 0.18 g cm−3 and a loam textural class. The in situ SWC has a root mean square error of 0.029 m3 m−3 against gravimetric data from 14 field campaigns. TxSON continues to add new locations with additional dense networks planned in other ecotones of the Edwards Plateau. The time series data along with scripts to import, plot, and upscaled SWC are available at https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/JJ16CF.
Quantification of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in the Dual ex vivo Aortic and Thoracic Duct Assay
Authors: Wang Shuangyong , Yamakawa Michael , Santosa Samuel M. , Chawla Neeraj , Guo Kai , Montana Mario , Hallak Joelle A. , Han Kyu-Yeon , Ema Masatsugu , Rosenblatt Mark I. , Chang Jin-Hong , Azar Dimitri T. 
Published: September 2019

Background::Lymphatic vessel formation (lymphangiogenesis) plays important roles in cancer metastasis, organ rejection, and lymphedema, but the underlying molecular events remain unclear. Furthermore, despite significant overlap in the molecular families involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, little is known about the crosstalk between these processes. The ex vivo aortic ring assay and lymphatic ring assay have enabled detailed studies of vessel sprouting, but harvesting and imaging clear thoracic duct samples remain challenging. Here we present a modified ex vivo dual aortic ring and thoracic duct assay using tissues from dual fluorescence reporter Prox1- GFP/Flt1-DsRed (PGFD) mice, which permit simultaneous visualization of blood and lymphatic endothelial cells.Objective::To characterize the concurrent sprouting of intrinsically fluorescent blood and lymphatic vessels from harvested aorta and thoracic duct samples.Methods::Dual aorta and thoracic duct specimens were harvested from PGFD mice, grown in six types of endothelial cell growth media (one control, five that each lack a specific growth factor), and visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Linear mixed models were used to compare the extent of vessel growth and sprouting over a 28-day period.Results::Angiogenesis occurred prior to lymphangiogenesis in our assay. The control medium generally induced superior growth of both vessel types compared with the different modified media formulations. The greatest decrease in lymphangiogenesis was observed in vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)-devoid medium, suggesting the importance of VEGF-C in lymphangiogenesis.Conclusion::The modified ex vivo dual aortic ring and thoracic duct assay represents a powerful tool for studying angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in concert.
Computational Strategy Revealing the Structural Determinant of Ligand Selectivity towards Highly Similar Protein Targets
Authors: Wang Hanxun , Gao Yinli , Wang Jian , Cheng Maosheng 
Published: September 2019

Background:Poor selectivity of drug candidates may lead to toxicity and side effects accounting for as high as 60% failure rate, thus, the selectivity is consistently significant and challenging for drug discovery.Objective:To find highly specific small molecules towards very similar protein targets, multiple strategies are always employed, including (1) To make use of the diverse shape of binding pocket to avoid steric bump; (2) To increase binding affinities for favorite residues; (3) To achieve selectivity through allosteric regulation of target; (4) To stabalize the inactive conformation of protein target and (5) To occupy dual binding pockets of single target.Conclusion:In this review, we summarize computational strategies along with examples of their successful applications in designing selective ligands, with the aim to provide insights into everdiversifying drug development practice and inspire medicinal chemists to utilize computational strategies to avoid potential side effects due to low selectivity of ligands.
Coumarin-based Scaffold as α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity: Implication for the Development of Potent Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Tafesse Tadesse Bekele , Bule Mohammed Hussen , Khoobi Mehdi , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Abdollahi Mohammad , Amini Mohsen 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Delaying the absorption of glucose through α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition
is one of the therapeutic approaches in the management of Type 2 diabetes, which can reduce the incidence
of postprandial hyperglycemia. The existence of chronic postprandial hyperglycemia impaired
the endogenous antioxidant defense by inducing oxidative stress-induced pancreatic β-cell destruction
through uncontrolled generation of free radicals such as ROS, which in turn, leads to various macrovascular
and microvascular complications. The currently available α -glucosidase inhibitors, for instance,
acarbose, have some side effects such as hypoglycemia at higher doses, liver problems, meteorism,
diarrhea, and lactic acidosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover and develop potential
α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Objective:
Based on suchmotifs, researchers are intrigued to search for the best scaffold that displays
various biological activities. Among them, coumarin scaffold has attracted great attention. The compound
and its derivatives can be isolated from various natural products and/or synthesized for the development
of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Results:
This study focused on coumarin and its derivatives as well as on their application as potent
antidiabetic agents and has also concentrated on the structure-activity relationship.

Conclusion:
This review describes the applications of coumarin-containing derivatives as α -
glucosidase inhibitors based on published reports which will be useful for innovative approaches in the
search for novel coumarin-based antidiabetic drugs with less toxicity and more potency.
Signal Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Sun Feifei , Fang Xiaosheng , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin
lymphoma which is heterogeneous both clinically and morphologically. Over the past decades, significant advances
have been made in the understanding of the molecular genesis, leading to the identification of multiple
pathways and molecules that can be targeted for clinical benefit.

Objective:
The current review aims to present a brief overview of signal pathways of DLBCL, which mainly
focus on B-cell antigen Receptor (BCR), Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) –
protein kinase B (Akt) – mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Janus Kinase (JAK) – Signal Transducer
and Activator (STAT), Wnt/β-catenin, and P53 pathways.

Methods:
Activation of signal pathways may contribute to the generation, development, chemotherapy sensitivity
of DLBCL, and expression of pathway molecules is associated with the prognosis of DLBCL. Some agents
targeting these pathways have been proved effective and relevant clinical trials are in progress. These agents
used single or combined with chemotherapy/each other might raise the possibility of improving clinical outcomes
in DLBCL.

Conclusion:
This review presents several signal pathways of DLBCL and targeted agents had a tendency to
improve the curative effect, especially in high-risk or relapsed/refractory DLBCL.
GABRB2 in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Genetic Associations and Functional Evidences
Authors: Tsang Shui Y. , Ullah Ata , Xue Hong 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The inhibitory GABAergic system has shown an association with
multiple psychiatric disorders. The type A GABA receptors are an integral component of
this system, and in recent years, evidence has accumulated to support an essential role in
disease etiology for one of the receptor genes GABRB2 which encodes for the receptor β2
subunit.

Objective:
To summarize the different lines of evidence supporting the important role of
GABRB2 in psychiatric disorders, with a particular focus on schizophrenia, and evaluate
the recently-proposed GABRB2-origin of schizophrenia hypothesis.

Results:
In terms of genetics, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in GABRB2 have
been associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, and some of the associations have
remained significant following meta-analysis. Importantly, expression and alternative
splicing of the gene was shown to be dependent on the genotypes of the associated SNPs,
and receptors containing the long isoform displayed functional differences compared to
those containing the short isoform. Moreover, differential epigenetic regulation and imprinting
imbalance of the gene were observed in schizophrenic patients compared to
healthy subjects. Finally, recent findings from a Gabrb2-knockout mouse model demonstrated
that knockout of the gene alone was sufficient to induce a wide range of schizophrenia-
like symptoms and comorbid phenotypes.

Conclusion:
The different lines of evidence coalesce to strongly support the recentlyproposed
GABRB2-origin of schizophrenia hypothesis, and GABRB2 may also have a potential
role in cognition, the dysfunction of which is common to many psychiatric disorders.
The Added Value of In-Hospital Tracking of the Efficacy of Decongestion Therapy and Prognostic Value of a Wearable Thoracic Impedance Sensor in Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure With Volume Overload: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Smeets Christophe J P , Lee Seulki , Groenendaal Willemijn , Squillace Gabriel , Vranken Julie , De Cannière Hélène , Van Hoof Chris , Grieten Lars , Mullens Wilfried , Nijst Petra , Vandervoort Pieter M 
Published: September 2019

Background
Incomplete relief of congestion in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) is related to poor outcomes. However, congestion can be difficult to evaluate, stressing the urgent need for new objective approaches. Due to its inverse correlation with tissue hydration, continuous bioimpedance monitoring might be an effective method for serial fluid status assessments.

Objective
This study aimed to determine whether in-hospital bioimpedance monitoring can be used to track fluid changes (ie, the efficacy of decongestion therapy) and the relationships between bioimpedance changes and HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality.

Methods
A wearable bioimpedance monitoring device was used for thoracic impedance measurements. Thirty-six patients with signs of acute decompensated HF and volume overload were included. Changes in the resistance at 80 kHz (R80kHz) were analyzed, with fluid balance (fluid in/out) used as a reference. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the change in R80kHz during hospitalization: increase in R80kHz or decrease in R80kHz. Clinical outcomes in terms of HF rehospitalization and all-cause mortality were studied at 30 days and 1 year of follow-up.

Results
During hospitalization, R80kHz increased for 24 patients, and decreased for 12 patients. For the total study sample, a moderate negative correlation was found between changes in fluid balance (in/out) and relative changes in R80kHz during hospitalization (rs=-0.51, P<.001). Clinical outcomes at both 30 days and 1 year of follow-up were significantly better for patients with an increase in R80kHz. At 1 year of follow-up, 88% (21/24) of patients with an increase in R80kHz were free from all-cause mortality, compared with 50% (6/12) of patients with a decrease in R80kHz (P=.01); 75% (18/24) and 25% (3/12) were free from all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization, respectively (P=.01). A decrease in R80kHz resulted in a significant hazard ratio of 4.96 (95% CI 1.82-14.37, P=.003) on the composite endpoint.

Conclusions
The wearable bioimpedance device was able to track changes in fluid status during hospitalization and is a convenient method to assess the efficacy of decongestion therapy during hospitalization. Patients who do not show an improvement in thoracic impedance tend to have worse clinical outcomes, indicating the potential use of thoracic impedance as a prognostic parameter.
Objectively Monitoring Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Symptoms During Clinical Trials With Sensors: Observational Study
Authors: Garcia-Gancedo Luis , Kelly Madeline L , Lavrov Arseniy , Parr Jim , Hart Rob , Marsden Rachael , Turner Martin R , Talbot Kevin , Chiwera Theresa , Shaw Christopher E , Al-Chalabi Ammar 
Published: September 2019

Background
Objective symptom monitoring of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has the potential to provide an important source of information to evaluate the impact of the disease on aspects of real-world functional capacity and activities of daily living in the home setting, providing useful objective outcome measures for clinical trials.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a novel digital platform for remote data collection of multiple symptoms—physical activity, heart rate variability (HRV), and digital speech characteristics—in 25 patients with ALS in an observational clinical trial setting to explore the impact of the devices on patients’ everyday life and to record tolerability related to the devices and study procedures over 48 weeks.

Methods
In this exploratory, noncontrolled, nondrug study, patients attended a clinical site visit every 3 months to perform activity reference tasks while wearing a sensor, to conduct digital speech tests and for conventional ALS monitoring. In addition, patients wore the sensor in their daily life for approximately 3 days every month for the duration of the study.

Results
The amount and quality of digital speech data captured at the clinical sites were as intended, and there were no significant issues. All the home monitoring sensor data available were propagated through the system and were received as expected. However, the amount and quality of physical activity home monitoring data were lower than anticipated. A total of 3 or more days (or partial days) of data were recorded for 65% of protocol time points, with no data collected for 24% of time points. At baseline, 24 of 25 patients provided data, reduced to 13 of 18 patients at Week 48. Lower-than-expected quality HRV data were obtained, likely because of poor contact between the sensor and the skin. In total, 6 of 25 patients had mild or moderate adverse events (AEs) in the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders category because of skin irritation caused by the electrode patch. There were no reports of serious AEs or deaths. Most patients found the sensor comfortable, with no or minimal impact on daily activities.

Conclusions
The platform can measure physical activity in patients with ALS in their home environment; patients used the equipment successfully, and it was generally well tolerated. The quantity of home monitoring physical activity data was lower than expected, although it was sufficient to allow investigation of novel physical activity end points. Good-quality in-clinic speech data were successfully captured for analysis. Future studies using objective patient monitoring approaches, combined with the most current technological advances, may be useful to elucidate novel digital biomarkers of disease progression.