bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The seasonal cycle of pCO2 and CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean: diagnosing anomalies in CMIP5 Earth system models
Authors: Mongwe N. Precious , Vichi Marcello , Monteiro Pedro M. S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Southern Ocean forms an important component of the Earth system as a
major sink of CO2 and heat. Recent studies based on the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5) Earth system models (ESMs) show
that CMIP5 models disagree on the phasing of the seasonal cycle of the
CO2 flux (FCO2) and compare poorly with available observation
products for the Southern Ocean. Because the seasonal cycle is the dominant
mode of CO2 variability in the Southern Ocean, its simulation is a
rigorous test for models and their long-term projections. Here we examine the
competing roles of temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as
drivers of the seasonal cycle of pCO2 in the Southern Ocean to explain
the mechanistic basis for the seasonal biases in CMIP5 models. We find that
despite significant differences in the spatial characteristics of the mean
annual fluxes, the intra-model homogeneity in the seasonal cycle of
FCO2 is greater than observational products. FCO2 biases in
CMIP5 models can be grouped into two main categories, i.e., group-SST and
group-DIC. Group-SST models show an exaggeration of the seasonal rates of
change of sea surface temperature (SST) in autumn and spring during the
cooling and warming peaks. These higher-than-observed rates of change of SST
tip the control of the seasonal cycle of pCO2 and FCO2 towards
SST and result in a divergence between the observed and modeled seasonal
cycles, particularly in the Sub-Antarctic Zone. While almost all analyzed
models (9 out of 10) show these SST-driven biases, 3 out of 10 (namely
NorESM1-ME, HadGEM-ES and MPI-ESM, collectively the group-DIC models)
compensate for the solubility bias because of their overly exaggerated primary
production, such that biologically driven DIC changes mainly regulate the
seasonal cycle of FCO2.
Measuring currents, ice drift, and waves from space: the Sea surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) concept
Authors: Ardhuin Fabrice , Aksenov Yevgueny , Benetazzo Alvise , Bertino Laurent , Brandt Peter , Caubet Eric , Chapron Bertrand , Collard Fabrice , Cravatte Sophie , Delouis Jean-Marc , Dias Frederic , Dibarboure Gérald , Gaultier Lucile , Johannessen Johnny , Korosov Anton , Manucharyan Georgy , Menemenlis Dimitris , Menendez Melisa , Monnier Goulven , Mouche Alexis , Nouguier Frédéric , Nurser George , Rampal Pierre , Reniers Ad , Rodriguez Ernesto , Stopa Justin , Tison Céline , Ubelmann Clément , van Sebille Erik , Xie Jiping 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We propose a satellite mission that uses a near-nadir Ka-band Doppler radar to measure surface currents, ice drift and ocean waves at spatial scales of 40 km and more, with snapshots at least every day for latitudes 75 to 82°, and every few days for other latitudes. The use of incidence angles of 6 and 12° allows for measurement of the directional wave spectrum, which yields accurate corrections of the wave-induced bias in the current measurements. The instrument's design, an algorithm for current vector retrieval and the expected mission performance are presented here. The instrument proposed can reveal features of tropical ocean and marginal ice zone (MIZ) dynamics that are inaccessible to other measurement systems, and providing global monitoring of the ocean mesoscale that surpasses the capability of today's nadir altimeters. Measuring ocean wave properties has many applications, including examining wave–current interactions, air–sea fluxes, the transport and convergence of marine plastic debris and assessment of marine and coastal hazards.
Proximal sensing for soil carbon accounting
Authors: England Jacqueline R. , Viscarra Rossel Raphael A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon (C) is vital for securing food
production and for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate
change, and land degradation. Some land management practices in cropping, grazing,
horticultural, and mixed farming systems can be used to increase organic C in
soil, but to assess their effectiveness, we need accurate and cost-efficient
methods for measuring and monitoring the change. To determine the stock of
organic C in soil, one requires measurements of soil organic C concentration,
bulk density, and gravel content, but using conventional laboratory-based
analytical methods is expensive. Our aim here is to review the current state
of proximal sensing for the development of new soil C accounting methods for
emissions reporting and in emissions reduction schemes. We evaluated sensing
techniques in terms of their rapidity, cost, accuracy, safety, readiness, and
their state of development. The most suitable method for measuring soil
organic C concentrations appears to be visible–near-infrared (vis–NIR) spectroscopy and, for bulk
density, active gamma-ray attenuation. Sensors for measuring gravel have not
been developed, but an interim solution with rapid wet sieving and automated
measurement appears useful. Field-deployable, multi-sensor systems are needed
for cost-efficient soil C accounting. Proximal sensing can be used for soil
organic C accounting, but the methods need to be standardized and procedural
guidelines need to be developed to ensure proficient measurement and accurate
reporting and verification. These are particularly important if the schemes
use financial incentives for landholders to adopt management practices to
sequester soil organic C. We list and discuss requirements for developing new
soil C accounting methods based on proximal sensing, including requirements
for recording, verification, and auditing.
Where is the 1-million-year-old ice at Dome A?
Authors: Zhao Liyun , Moore John C. , Sun Bo , Tang Xueyuan , Guo Xiaoran 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ice fabric influences the rheology of ice, and hence the age–depth profile at
ice core drilling sites. To investigate the age–depth profile to be expected
of the ongoing deep ice coring at Kunlun station, Dome A, we use the depth-varying anisotropic fabric suggested by the recent polarimetric measurements
around Dome A along with prescribed fabrics ranging from isotropic through
girdle to single maximum in a three-dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled
full-Stokes model of a 70 × 70 km2 domain around Kunlun
station. This model allows for the simulation of the near basal ice temperature and
age, and ice flow around the location of the Chinese deep ice coring site.
Ice fabrics and geothermal heat flux strongly affect the vertical advection
and basal temperature which consequently control the age profile.
Constraining modeled age–depth profiles with dated radar isochrones to 2∕3
ice depth, the surface vertical velocity, and also the spatial variability of
a radar isochrones dated to 153.3 ka BP, limits the age of the deep ice at
Kunlun to between 649 and 831 ka, a much smaller range than previously inferred. The
simple interpretation of the polarimetric radar fabric data that we use
produces best fits with a geothermal heat flux of 55 mW m−2. A heat
flux of 50 mW m−2 is too low to fit the deeper radar layers, and 60 mW m−2 leads to unrealistic surface velocities. The
modeled basal temperature at Kunlun reaches the pressure melting point with a
basal melting rate of 2.2–2.7 mm a−1. Using the spatial distribution
of basal temperatures and the best fit fabric suggests that within 400 m of
Kunlun station, 1-million-year-old ice may be found 200 m above the bed, and that
there are large regions where even older ice is well above the bedrock within
5–6 km of the Kunlun station.
Pelas franjas dos santuários: turismo, fé e religião em flashes etnográficos
Authors: Sena da Silveira Emerson José 
Published: May 2018

Neste artigo discute-se a relação entre turismo, fé e religião em torno dos santuários, a partir de três vivências etnográficas revisitadas em forma de flashes multissituados, com revisão bibliográfica parcial. O santuário, em sentido lato, abarca um núcleo central e uma extensa franja, espaciais e simbólicos. Entre o centro e a periferia estendem-se gradações, continuidades e descontinuidades. O santuário, desta forma, é compreendido neste artigo mais por suas sombras e simulacros do que por sua luminosa presença e esplendor, mais pela periferia do que pela centralidade. A questão proposta aqui remete aos espaços intermediários onde religião e turismo se esbarram, se misturam e se contrapõem. Foram três os espaços estudados a partir da metodologia etnográfica, Aparecida (SP), Canção Nova (SP) e Ashram-Vrajabhumi (RJ). O presente texto defende, portanto, que as franjas dos santuários permitem a reverberação de identidades ambíguas e oscilantes entre uma integridade-unicidade (fé) e uma não-integridade/não-unicidade (turismo).
Continuidade e Mudança - A dinâmica de uma instituição religiosa: a Igreja Católica na América Latina – Uma resenha
Authors: Rosado-Nunes Maria José Fontelas 
Published: May 2018

Resenha: ANDES, Stephen J.C.; YOUNG, Julia. Local Church, Global Church: Catholic Activism in Latin America from Rerum Novarum to Vatican II. Washington, DC, The Catholic University of America Press, 201O livro em questão insere-se em uma perspectiva analítica, tentando mostrar o jogo de adaptação e de continuidade ao trabalho no continente americano. Apesar do reconhecimento das mudanças notáveis introduzidas pelo Vaticano II, a tese é que, ao contrário do que é sugerido por uma certa literatura de historiografia e teologia latino-americana, o ativismo católico dos anos 60 e 80 teve suas origens no período anterior, tendo, em parte, como ponto de partida a encíclica Rerum Novarum.
Entre peregrinação, turismo e liminaridade: a busca por lugares
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar 
Published: May 2018

Este artigo reflete sobre o aspecto antropológico da peregrinação, o caminhar humano, como metáfora para a vida, como uma forma de se relacionar e entender a religião, a espiritualidade, a própria vida e o turismo como formas de peregrinação.Tomar-se-á para análise as peregrinações da tradição cristã, buscando entendê-las a partir da antropologia de Victor Turner, analisando a peregrinação como estado de liminaridade e liminóide. Concretamente se olhará o caso das Romarias da Terra no Brasil, como um exemplo de liminaridade/liminóide e communitas. Além disso, este artigo reflete sobre os “novos centros” de peregrinação, fora do âmbito religioso, como espaços da cultura pop ou a visita a locais turísticos e monumentos da memória social e cultural. O objetivo é entender para onde as pessoas têm peregrinado e qual o sentido dessas peregrinações. Neste deslocamento para fora do âmbito religioso, se pergunta se seria o turismo também uma forma de peregrinação. Ou faltaria ao turismo justamente o aspecto liminar, algo que poderia estar relacionado à análise de Bauman sobre o turista e o vagabundo? Suspeita-se que em um mundo globalizado os lugares perdem seu conteúdo e sua identidade. Pessoas passam pelos lugares, mas os lugares já não passam por elas. Com isso, o caminhar perde também sua função liminar.
Studies on neotropical Phasmatodea XVII: Revision of Phantasca Redtenbacher, 1906,, with the descriptions of six new species (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae)
Authors: Hennemann Frank , Conle Oskar , Bellanger Yannick , Lelong Philippe , Jourdan Toni 
Published: May 2018

The South American genus Phantasca Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea: Diapheromeridae: Diapheromaerinae) is re-diagnosed and revised at the species level. The precedingly unknown eggs are described for the first time. The genus Pterolibethra Günther, 1940 (type species: P. heteronemia Günther, 1940) is re-synonymised, with Phantasca (syn. nov.) and consequently the two species originally contained, P. heteronemia Günther, 1940 and P. poeciloptera Günther, 1940, are transferred to Phantasca (comb. rev.). P. laeta Conle, Hennemann & Gutierréz, 2011 is not congeneric and is transferred to the genus Jeremiodes Hennemann & Conle, 2007 (Cladomorphinae: Cladomorphini; comb. nov.). Two species are removed from Bacteria Berthold, 1827 and transferred to Phantasca; these are B. quadrilobata Chopard, 1911 and B. montana Redtenbacher, 1906 (comb. nov.). Six new species are described: P. adiposa sp. nov., P. amabile sp. nov., P. femorata sp. nov., P. guianensis sp. nov., P. nigrolineata sp. nov. and P. ruboligata sp. nov. The male and egg of P. quadrilobata (Chopard, 1911) are described and illustrated for the first time. The genus now contains 13 species that are distributed throughout the northern half of South America. A key as well as detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented for all known species.
A influência do Delirium no tempo de ventilação mecânica em pacientes críticos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Krebs Jessica Aline , Osaku Erica Fernanda , Costa Claudia Rejane Lima de Macedo , Ogasawara Suely Mariko , Costa Jaquilene Barreto da , Taba Sheila , Jorge Amaury Cezar , Duarte Pericles Almeida Delfino 
Published: May 2018

O delirium consiste em um estado confusional agudo e de curso flutuante representando uma manifestação da disfunção cerebral que pode estar associado com diferentes manifestações clínicas. Os pacientes com delirium têm sido estudados, pois tem apresentado maior tempo de ventilação mecânica e de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca da influência do delirium no tempo de ventilação mecânica, sedação e na mortalidade de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Nos métodos foi realizada uma busca por estudos nas bases de dados: PubMed e Embase, com os descritores delirium, intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Nos resultados foram incluídos oito artigos, um recebeu graduação A e sete receberam graduação B na escala de Oxford. Os principais resultados foram: Os pacientes com delirium apresentaram maior gravidade, maior tempo de ventilação mecânica, maior tempo de sedação e maior mortalidade. Conclui-se que o delirium parece estar associado ao maior tempo da ventilação mecânica, maior dosagem de sedação e de mortalidade nestes pacientes.
Latent profiles of elite Malaysian athletes’ use of psychological skills and techniques and relations with mental toughness
Authors: Ponnusamy Vellapandian , Lines Robin L.J. , Zhang Chun-Qing , Gucciardi Daniel F. 
Published: May 2018

Background
The majority of past work on athletes’ use of psychological skills and techniques (PSTs) has adopted a variable-centered approach in which the statistical relations among study variables are averaged across a sample. However, variable-centered-analyses exclude the possibility that PSTs may be used in tandem or combined in different ways across practice and competition settings. With this empirical gap in mind, the purposes of this study were to identify the number and type of profiles of elite athletes’ use of PSTs, and examine differences between these clusters in terms of their self-reported mental toughness.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey study, 285 Malaysian elite athletes (170 males, 115 females) aged 15–44 years (M = 18.89, SD = 4.49) completed measures of various PSTs and mental toughness. Latent profile analysis was employed to determine the type and number of profiles that best represent athletes’ reports of their use of PSTs in practice and competition settings, and examine differences between these classes in terms of self-reported mental toughness.

Results
Our results revealed three profiles (low, moderate, high use) in both practice and competition settings that were distinguished primarily according to quantitative differences in the absolute levels of reported use across most of the PSTs assessed in practice and competition settings, which in turn, were differentially related with mental toughness. Specifically, higher use of PSTs was associated with higher levels of mental toughness.

Conclusion
This study provides one of the first analyses of the different configurations of athletes’ use of PSTs that typify unique subgroups of performers. An important next step is to examine the longitudinal (in) stability of such classes and therefore provide insight into the temporal dynamics of different configurations of athletes’ use of PSTs.
Targeting TWIST1 through loss of function inhibits tumorigenicity of human glioblastoma
Authors: Mikheev Andrei M. , Mikheeva Svetlana A. , Severs Liza J. , Funk Cory C. , Huang Lei , McFaline‐Figueroa José L. , Schwensen Jeanette , Trapnell Cole , Price Nathan D. , Wong Stephen , Rostomily Robert C. 
Published: May 2018

TWIST1 (TW) is a bHLH transcription factor (TF) and master regulator of the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, TW promotes mesenchymal change, invasion, and self‐renewal in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. However, the potential therapeutic relevance of TW has not been established through loss‐of‐function studies in human GBM cell xenograft models. The effects of TW loss of function (gene editing and knockdown) on inhibition of tumorigenicity of U87MG and GBM4 glioma stem cells were tested in orthotopic xenograft models and conditional knockdown in established flank xenograft tumors. RNAseq and the analysis of tumors investigated putative TW‐associated mechanisms. Multiple bioinformatic tools revealed significant alteration of ECM, membrane receptors, signaling transduction kinases, and cytoskeleton dynamics leading to identification of PI3K/AKT signaling. We experimentally show alteration of AKT activity and periostin (POSTN) expression in vivo and/or in vitro. For the first time, we show that effect of TW knockout inhibits AKT activity in U87MG cells in vivo independent of PTEN mutation. The clinical relevance of TW and candidate mechanisms was established by analysis of the TCGA and ENCODE databases. TW expression was associated with decreased patient survival and LASSO regression analysis identified POSTN as one of top targets of TW in human GBM. While we previously demonstrated the role of TW in promoting EMT and invasion of glioma cells, these studies provide direct experimental evidence supporting protumorigenic role of TW independent of invasion in vivo and the therapeutic relevance of targeting TW in human GBM. Further, the role of TW driving POSTN expression and AKT signaling suggests actionable targets, which could be leveraged to mitigate the oncogenic effects of TW in GBM.
Teaching treatment planning for protons with educational open‐source software: experience with FoCa and matRad
Authors: Sanchez‐Parcerisa Daniel , Udías Jose 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOpen‐source, MATLAB‐based treatment planning systems FoCa and matRAD were used in a pilot project for training prospective medical physicists and postgraduate physics students in treatment planning and beam modeling techniques for proton therapy. In the four exercises designed, students learnt how proton pencil beams are modeled and how dose is calculated in three‐dimensional voxelized geometries, how pencil beam scanning plans (PBS) are constructed, the rationale behind the choice of spot spacing in patient plans, and the dosimetric differences between photon IMRT and proton PBS plans. Sixty students of two courses participated in the pilot project, with over 90% of satisfactory rating from student surveys. The pilot experience will certainly be continued.
Strong SHG Response via High Orientation of Tetrahedral Functional Motifs in Polyselenide A2Ge4Se10 (A = Rb, Cs)
Authors: Liu Bin‐Wen , Hu Chun‐Li , Zeng Hui‐Yi , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) materials with strong second harmonic generation (SHG) responses are technologically and scientifically important for tunable lasers. This work puts forward a new strategy for designing promising infrared nonlinear optical (IR‐NLO) materials with strong SHG responses by strengthening both the static and induced contributions via the high orientation of NLO functional motifs. Two new polyselenides Rb2Ge4Se10 and Cs2Ge4Se10 are studied to verify the strategy, they have 2D infinite [Ge4Se10]2− layers comprising highly oriented distorted GeSe4 tetrahedra. Their large SHG signals (8.0 and 8.5 times that of commercial AgGaS2) can be ascribed to both the static contribution enhancement from the high orientation of the local dipole moment of GeSe4 tetrahedra and the induced contribution enhancement from terminal and SeSe bonded Se atoms. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, shedding light on the exploration of practical IR‐NLO materials with maximized performance.
Sub‐50 nm Iron–Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Sphere‐Encapsulated Iron Carbide Nanoparticles as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
Authors: Tan Haibo , Li Yunqi , Kim Jeonghun , Takei Toshiaki , Wang Zhongli , Xu Xingtao , Wang Jie , Bando Yoshio , Kang Yong‐Mook , Tang Jing , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSub‐50 nm iron–nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon sphere‐encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles (Fe3C‐Fe,N/C) are synthesized by using a triblock copolymer of poly(styrene‐b‐2‐vinylpyridine‐b‐ethylene oxide) as a soft template. Their typical features, including a large surface area (879.5 m2 g−1), small hollow size (≈16 nm), and nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon shell, and encapsulated Fe3C nanoparticles generate a highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance. Fe3C‐Fe,N/C hollow spheres exhibit an ORR performance comparable to that of commercially available 20 wt% Pt/C in alkaline electrolyte, with a similar half‐wave potential, an electron transfer number close to 4, and lower H2O2 yield of less than 5%. It also shows noticeable ORR catalytic activity under acidic conditions, with a high half‐wave potential of 0.714 V, which is only 59 mV lower than that of 20 wt% Pt/C. Moreover, Fe3C‐Fe,N/C has remarkable long‐term durability and tolerance to methanol poisoning, exceeding Pt/C regardless of the electrolyte.
Carbeniophosphines versus Phosphoniocarbenes: The Role of the Positive Charge
Authors: Canac Yves 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe chemistry of carbeniophosphines and phosphoniocarbenes, which have general structures derived formally from the three‐component “carbene/phosphine/positive charge” association, is presented. These two complementary classes of carbon–phosphorus‐based ligands, defined by the presence of an inverted cationic coordinating structure (C+∼P: vs. P+∼C:) have the common purpose of positioning a positive charge in the vicinity of the metal center. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and general reactivity of both cationic species is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the positive charge on the respective chemical behavior of the two classes of compound.