bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic Comparison of Automotive Aluminum Wheel Fragments Using Synchrotron Radiation X‐ray Fluorescence with 18‐ and 116‐keV Excitation X‐rays
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoshinori , Takekawa Tomohiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe performance of synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence (SR‐XRF) spectrometry for nondestructive discrimination of small fragments of automotive aluminum wheels was studied. Fragments (< 500 × 500 μm2) of 45 kinds of wheels were first analyzed by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) and then by SR‐XRF. Despite the Mg/Al intensity ratio being a useful identification index, SEM‐EDS was not efficient enough because of the absence of other meaningful indicators of comparison. Conversely, pairwise comparison was conducted and a 92.9% identification was achieved via SR‐XRF using 18‐keV X‐rays. Trace heavy elements in the high‐energy region were detected by SR‐XRF using 116‐keV X‐rays, and an 82.9% identification was obtained. Combined use of 18‐ and 116‐keV X‐rays allowed 98.2% identification. Hence, SR‐XRF is a powerful tool for nondestructive discrimination of automotive aluminum wheels with high precision using trace elements in a wide energy region.
Marshaling Adaptive Capacities within an Adaptive Management Framework to Enhance the Resiliency of Wastewater Systems
Authors: Mullin Cristina A. , Kirchhoff Christine J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe assess adaptive capacity and adaptive management as measures of wastewater (WW) system resiliency using data from interviews with WW system managers (hereafter managers) impacted by past storms. Results suggest the most resilient WW systems are those with high adaptive capacities that employ an adaptive management approach to make ongoing adaptation investments over time. Greater amounts of generic adaptive capacities (i.e., skilled staff and good leadership) help smooth both day‐to‐day and emergency operations and provide a foundation for adaptive management. In turn, adaptive management helps managers both build more generic adaptive capacities, and develop and employ greater amounts and diversity of specific adaptive capacities (i.e., soft and/or hard adaptations) that are especially important for enhancing and sustaining resiliency. Adaptive management also enables managers to better understand their system's vulnerabilities, how those vulnerabilities change over time, and what specific actions may reduce those vulnerabilities. Finally, our work suggests WW system resilience critically depends on the capacities of the human systems for building resilience as much as or more so than relying only on physical infrastructure resilience. Our work contributes to filling an important gap in the literature by advancing our understanding of the human dimensions of infrastructure resilience and has practical implications for advancing resilience in the WW sector.
Reduced Prevalence of Alcoholic Gastritis in Hospitalized Individuals Who Consume Cannabis
Authors: Adejumo Adeyinka Charles , Li Jingjing , Akanbi Olalekan , Adejumo Kelechi Lauretta , Bukong Terence Ndonyi 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAlcoholic gastritis, a superficial erosive disease of the stomach, is a common manifestation of risky alcohol use. In contrast, cannabis which is frequently co‐used with alcohol suppresses gastric acidity and might counteract the deleterious effect of alcohol on the gastric mucosa. However, no clinical study has examined the impact of cannabis use on the development of alcoholic gastritis among risky alcohol users.MethodsWe analyzed hospital discharge records of adults (age ≥ 18 years), from 2014 of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, with a diagnosis of risky alcohol use (n = 316,916). We used a propensity‐based matching algorithm to match cannabis users to nonusers on 1:1 ratio (30,713: 30,713). We then measured the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for having alcoholic gastritis using conditional Poisson regression models with generalized estimating equations.ResultsOur study revealed that among risky alcohol users, cannabis co‐users have a lower prevalence of alcoholic gastritis compared to noncannabis users (1,289 [1,169 to 1,421] vs. 1,723 [1,583 to 1,875] per 100,000 hospitalizations for risky alcohol use), resulting in a 25% decreased probability of alcoholic gastritis (aRR: 0.75 [0.66 to 0.85]; p‐value <0.0001). Furthermore, dependent cannabis usage resulted in a lower prevalence of alcoholic gastritis when compared to both nondependent cannabis users (0.72 [0.52 to 0.99]) and to noncannabis users (0.56 [0.41 to 0.76]).ConclusionsWe reveal that risky alcohol drinking combined with cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of alcohol‐associated gastritis in patients. Given increased cannabis legislation globally, understanding whether and how the specific ingredients in cannabis plant extract can be used in the treatment of alcoholic gastritis is paramount. In this regard, further molecular mechanistic studies are needed to delineate the mechanisms of our novel findings not only for alcoholic gastritis but also for gastritis from other causes.
A clinical trial with protracted infusion 5‐fluorouracil and mitomycin C for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the anus
Authors: Ngan David , Chu Julie , Chander Sarat , Michael Michael , Heriot Alexander G. , Ngan Samuel Y. , Rischin Danny , Leong Trevor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeMitomycin C (MMC) plus standard 5‐fluorouracil (FU) infusion in weeks 1 and 5 often contributes to radiotherapy interruptions and possibly less‐than‐ideal outcomes in anal cancer. This study was to evaluate alternative strategies for chemotherapy delivery that might be less toxic or more efficacious, and outcomes of patient‐initiated treatment interruption for severe acute toxicity.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective, nonrandomized study for patients with T1‐4N0‐3M0 anal squamous carcinoma. Radiotherapy of 54 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks was given with infusion FU 300 mg/m2/day for 96 hours/week for 6 weeks plus bolus MMC at 10 mg/m2 on D1.ResultsFifty patients were recruited (72% female). Median age was 60.5 years (35–84). Forty‐seven patients (94%) received 54 Gy. Median duration of chemoradiation was 39 days (37–105). Grade 3 and 4 acute toxicity were observed in 66%. Thirty‐one percent with severe acute toxicity developed severe late toxicity. Of those who experienced severe late skin toxicity, 29% did not have severe acute toxicity.Disease‐free survival at 5 years was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60–84), and at 9 years 61% (95% CI, 46–74). Overall survival at 5 years was 84% (95% CI, 71–92), and at 9 years 67% (95% CI, 50–81). Colostomy‐free survival at 5 years was 70% (95% CI, 56–81), and at 9 years 57% (95% CI, 40–72).ConclusionIt is feasible to deliver chemoradiation with bolus MMC and protracted infusion FU for anal cancer. Efficacy and toxicity of this regimen seem similar to conventional chemoradiation with FU/MMC. Acute skin toxicity is not a reliable predictor of severe late skin toxicity.
Artificial shear stress effects on leukocytes at a biomaterial interface
Authors: Radley Gemma , Laura Pieper Ina , Thomas Bethan R. , Hawkins Karl , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMedical devices, such as ventricular assist devices (VADs), introduce both foreign materials and artificial shear stress to the circulatory system. The effects these have on leukocytes and the immune response are not well understood. Understanding how these two elements combine to affect leukocytes may reveal why some patients are susceptible to recurrent device‐related infections and provide insight into the development of pump thrombosis. Biomaterials—DLC: diamond‐like carbon‐coated stainless steel; Sap: single‐crystal sapphire; and Ti: titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were attached to the parallel plates of a rheometer. Whole human blood was left between the two discs for 5 minutes at +37°C with or without the application of shear stress (0 s–1 or 1000 s–1). Blood was removed and used for complete blood cell counts, flow cytometry (leukocyte activation, cell death, microparticle generation, phagocytic ability, and reactive oxygen species [ROS] production), and the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. L‐selectin expression on monocytes was decreased when blood was exposed to the biomaterials both with and without shear. Applying shear stress to blood on a Sap and Ti surface led to activation of neutrophils shown as decreased L‐selectin expression. Sap and Ti blunted the LPS‐stimulated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production, most notably when sheared on Ti. The biomaterials used here have been shown to activate leukocytes in a static environment. The introduction of shear appears to exacerbate this activation. Interestingly, a widely accepted biocompatible material (Ti) utilized in many different types of devices has the capacity for immune cell activation and inhibition of MIF secretion when combined with shear stress. These findings contribute to our understanding of the contribution of biomaterials and shear stress to recurrent infections and vulnerability to sepsis in some VAD patients as well as pump thrombosis.
Pharmacogenetics of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor‐induced angioedema
Authors: Liau Yusmiati , Chua Ignatius , Kennedy Martin A. , Maggo Simran 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAngioedema is a rare adverse effect of the commonly used angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and is reported to occur with a prevalence of 0.1%‐0.7%. Although most ACEi‐induced angioedema (ACEi‐A) cases are mild, severe cases requiring intensive care and even resulting in death have been reported in the literature. The mechanisms underlying ACEi‐A are not yet fully understood, but bradykinin and/or substance P accumulation resulting from inhibition of ACE is believed to play a crucial role. ACEi‐A occurs at variable frequencies across different racial groups, suggesting a genetic association with the development of ACEi‐A. To date, one genome‐wide association study and several candidate gene studies have been published on the association of genetic variation with ACEi‐A. Genetic associations reported have been attributed to several distinct mechanisms: (a) genes coding for alternative enzymes responsible for the degradation of bradykinin and/or substance P in the diminution of ACE activity (b) ACE gene function, (c) bradykinin receptor genes, (d) genes implicated in immune and inflammation regulation and (e) genes in the fibrinolytic and coagulation pathway. Despite several plausible genetic associations, there are currently no genetic variants with sufficient effect to be clinically useful. The low incidence of ACEi‐A suggests that a combination of genomic approaches with the capability to detect potentially important variants might be required to shed light on the mechanism of this adverse reaction. Additionally, many non‐genetic risk factors associated with ACEi‐A suggest the potential contribution of epigenetic dysregulation.
Original vs. non‐original abutments for screw‐retained single implant crowns: An in vitro evaluation of internal fit, mechanical behaviour and screw loosening
Authors: Alonso‐Pérez Raquel , Bartolomé José F. , Ferreiroa Alberto , Salido María P. , Pradíes Guillermo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the internal accuracy, mechanical behaviour under static load and screw loosening before and after cyclic loading of implant‐supported crowns restored with original components or with two compatible non‐original brands.Materials and MethodsSixty‐three dental implants were divided into three groups (n = 21 each): Group 1 used original components, and groups 2 and 3 used non‐original components. Internal accuracy was measured throughout a cross section of the sample groups (n = 8) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the fit for implant–abutments, implant–crowns and crown–abutments. To evaluate load‐bearing capacity, eight samples from each group were loaded until fracture according to ISO Norm 14801. The removal torque value (RTV) was evaluated in the screws connecting the crown with the abutment and the abutment with the implant before and after cyclic loading (2 x 106 cycles) in five samples from each group. The data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05).ResultsStatistically significant differences were found among the mean crown–abutment gaps measured in Group 1 (9.3 μm), Group 2 (45.4 μm) and Group 3 (44.9 μm). Higher values for mean load‐bearing capacity were found in Group 1 (1,098 N) than in groups 2 and 3 (1,057 and 973 N, respectively); however, these differences were not statistically significant. Original abutment–implant screws exhibited lower percentages of torque reduction than the non‐originals.ConclusionsEnhanced fit is expected when original components are used. The original abutments exhibited lower percentages of torque reduction after cyclic loading than non‐originals.
Family‐provider consensus outcomes for children with medical complexity
Authors: Fayed Nora , Guttmann Astrid , Chiu Allison , Gardecki Meghan , Orkin Julia , Hamid Jemila S , Major Nathalie , Lim Audrey , Cohen Eyal 
Published: December 2018

AimTo describe the process of obtaining consensus of outcome priorities between families of children with medical complexity (CMC) and their healthcare providers (HCPs) for the purpose of evaluating changes to service delivery.MethodThe consensus of outcomes involved surveying families of CMC and HCPs and an in‐person consensus meeting. Priorities were obtained from the survey using a stratified ranking approach ensuring equal representation among unequally sized subgroups. An in‐person meeting was held using the survey results to inform Delphi voting.ResultsFamilies of CMC (n=40) and HCPs (n=74) responded to the survey. Consensus generated three main target areas (child health, family health, experience of care) covered by 15 specific outcomes needed to evaluate care. Differences between family and HCP perceptions of importance were found for child self‐care, play, social skills, and recreation as well as emotional health (for both parent and child) outcomes.InterpretationFamilies of CMC and HCPs identified common priorities for outcome evaluation of CMC initiatives. Outcomes that differ in importance between families of CMC and HCPs should be studied further.What this paper adds

Families of children with medical complexity and their providers can reach consensus on important outcomes.

Stratifying subgroups ensures diverse representation, which is important to outcome prioritization.
A randomized, multicentre trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of fast‐acting insulin aspart in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adults with type 1 diabetes (onset 5)
Authors: Klonoff David C. , Evans Mark L. , Lane Wendy , Kempe Hans‐Peter , Renard Eric , DeVries J. Hans , Graungaard Tina , Hyseni Agon , Gondolf Theis , Battelino Tadej 
Published: December 2018

AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) vs insulin aspart (IAsp) used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsThis was a double‐blind, treat‐to‐target, randomized, 16‐week trial investigating CSII treatment with faster aspart (n = 236) or IAsp (n = 236). All available information, regardless of treatment discontinuation, was used for the evaluation of effect.ResultsFaster aspart was non‐inferior to IAsp regarding the change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; primary endpoint). The mean HbA1c changed from 58.4 mmol/mol (7.5%) at baseline to 57.8 mmol/mol (7.4%) with faster aspart and to 56.8 mmol/mol (7.4%) with IAsp after 16 weeks' treatment, with an estimated treatment difference (ETD) of 1.0 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14; 1.87) or 0.09% (95% CI 0.01; 0.17; P < 0.001) for non‐inferiority (0.4% margin; P < 0.02 for statistical significance in favour of IAsp). Faster aspart was superior to IAsp in change from baseline in 1‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG) increment after a meal test (ETD −0.91 mmol/L [95% CI −1.43; −0.39] or −16.4 mg/dL [95% CI −25.7; −7.0]; P = 0.001), with statistically significant reductions also at 30 minutes and 2 hours. The improvement in PPG was reflected in the change from baseline in 1‐hour interstitial glucose increment after all meals (ETD −0.21 mmol/L [95% CI −0.31; −0.11] or −3.77 mg/dL [95% CI −5.53; −2.01]). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia (estimated rate ratio 1.00 [95% CI 0.85; 1.16]). A numerical imbalance in severe hypoglycaemic episodes between faster aspart and IAsp was seen in the treatment (21 vs 7) and 4‐week run‐in periods (4 vs 0).ConclusionsFaster aspart provides an effective and safe option for CSII treatment in T1D.
The diversity of population responses to environmental change
Authors: Colchero Fernando , Jones Owen R. , Conde Dalia A. , Hodgson David , Zajitschek Felix , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Malo Aurelio F. , Alberts Susan C. , Becker Peter H. , Bouwhuis Sandra , Bronikowski Anne M. , De Vleeschouwer Kristel M. , Delahay Richard J. , Dummermuth Stefan , Fernández‐Duque Eduardo , Frisenvænge John , Hesselsøe Martin , Larson Sam , Lemaître Jean‐François , McDonald Jennifer , Miller David A.W. , O'Donnell Colin , Packer Craig , Raboy Becky E. , Reading Chris J. , Wapstra Erik , Weimerskirch Henri , While Geoffrey M. , Baudisch Annette , Flatt Thomas , Coulson Tim , Gaillard Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current extinction and climate change crises pressure us to predict population dynamics with ever‐greater accuracy. Although predictions rest on the well‐advanced theory of age‐structured populations, two key issues remain poorly explored. Specifically, how the age‐dependency in demographic rates and the year‐to‐year interactions between survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth rates. We use inference, simulations and mathematical derivations to explore how environmental perturbations determine population growth rates for populations with different age‐specific demographic rates and when ages are reduced to stages. We find that stage‐ vs. age‐based models can produce markedly divergent stochastic population growth rates. The differences are most pronounced when there are survival‐fecundity‐trade‐offs, which reduce the variance in the population growth rate. Finally, the expected value and variance of the stochastic growth rates of populations with different age‐specific demographic rates can diverge to the extent that, while some populations may thrive, others will inevitably go extinct.
Relative Cost Effectiveness of In‐Person and Internet Interventions for Relationship Distress
Authors: Georgia Salivar Emily J. , Rothman Karen , Roddy McKenzie K. , Doss Brian D. 
Published: December 2018

While the efficacy of couple therapy has been repeatedly demonstrated, most distressed couples do not seek treatment. To improve reach and overcome barriers to therapy, Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) was translated into a web‐based program, OurRelationship (OR). While both IBCT and OR have been shown to improve relationship and individual functioning, the goal of the present study was to compare the relative cost effectiveness of these two treatment modalities. In IBCT, 74% of couples experienced reliable improvement, compared to 55% of couples in OR. Within‐group Cohen's d effect sizes during treatment for relationship satisfaction were d = 0.87 for IBCT and d = 0.96 for OR. Relative cost effectiveness analyses revealed that even at the highest expense estimates for OR and the lowest expense estimates for IBCT, OR was more cost effective in creating reliable improvement once at least 229 couples were served and was more cost effective in creating large‐size effects once at least 153 couples were served. Cost‐effectiveness increases for both IBCT and OR as more couples are served; however, this cost savings occurs at a much more rapid rate for OR. These findings demonstrate that despite higher initial development costs, Internet programs are a cost‐effective option for dissemination either as a stand‐alone service or as an initial intervention in a stepped care model with more intensive in‐person services.
Enrichment of chips with fibre from a tiger‐nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk co‐product at ‘source of fibre foods’ and ‘high fibre content foods’ levels: impact on processing, physico‐chemical and sensory properties
Authors: Alava Cecibel , Verdú Samuel , Barat José M. , Grau Raúl 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe impact of integrating a tiger‐nut milk co‐product into the wheat chip production process for enriching fibre content to meet European recommendations for ‘source of fibre foods’ and ‘high fibre content foods’ was studied. Four different flours, based on their composition and particle size, were obtained from the co‐product. Wheat flour was substituted at the 5%, 10% and 20% levels with the co‐product, and the processing, physico‐chemical and sensory properties of chip were studied. In the baking phase, mass loss was more marked for the substituted samples (42%) than the control (34%), but differences diminished after the tempering time (33%) by absorbing moisture from the environment. This effect was related to the increased chips surface (≈43%) in the forming phase because dough retraction decreased. The co‐product as a fibre source produced alterations to chip processing and its physico‐chemical properties should be taken into account. However, chips positively impacted consumer acceptability.
The enhancement of gastrointestinal digestibility of β‐LG by dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization to reduce its antigenicity
Authors: Chen Hao , Hong Qitong , Zhong Junzhen , Zhou Lei , Liu Wei , Luo Shunjing , Liu Chengmei 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDynamic high‐pressure microfluidization (DHPM) can increase the antigenicity of β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) in previous researches. We observed in this study that the antigenicity of DHPM‐modified β‐LG at pressures of 0.1, 80 and 160 MPa after in vitro digestion declined from 13.41 to 12.27 and 7.19 μg mL−1, gradually. The enhancement of gastrointestinal digestibility of β‐LG was related to the aggregation state and conformational changes induced by DHPM and was reflected by the electrophoretic bands of low molecular weight (5 and 10 kDa) shown in electrophoresis, the reduction of particle size, the generation of smaller peptide fragments (m/z 837.444, 955.492 and 1215.616) detected by mass spectrum and the increase in surface hydrophobicity. These changes contributed to the decrease in antigenicity. Simultaneously, a schematic diagram was proposed to demonstrate the conceivable mechanism of antigenicity changes of modified β‐LG after in vitro digestion.
Does Country Context Matter? Sub‐Saharan and North African Immigrants’ Labour Market Outcomes in France and Spain
Authors: Tesfai Rebbeca 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEuropean debates on immigrant integration focus on employment because of its implications for assimilation. Although studies show that Sub‐Saharan African immigrants are most disadvantaged across Europe, cross‐national analyses do not examine labour force participation (LFP) or control for selection into the labour force before estimating employment, calling these results into question. Furthermore, studies rarely discuss visible minority status or gender making it unclear whether (1) country‐context matters for African LFP and employment and (2) visible minority status matters differently by gender. I use French and Spanish census data to determine whether Sub‐Saharan Africans are most disadvantaged in new and traditional receiving countries. My results indicate that country‐context matters, but previous employment findings likely reflect variation in LFP. Despite smaller penalties to migration characteristics in Spain, Sub‐Saharan African men are the only group significantly less likely to be employed in Spain, indicating that they experience unique barriers to job access.