bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persons living with HIV with advanced HIV disease: need for novel care models
Authors: Teasdale Chloe A , Yuengling Katharine , Preko Peter , Syowai Maureen , Ndagije Felix , Rabkin Miriam , Abrams Elaine J , El‐Sadr Wafaa M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite increasing focus on test and treat strategies for people living with HIV (PLHIV), many continue to enrol late in care and initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) when they have advanced HIV disease.MethodsWe analyzed PLHIV ≥15 years of age starting ART in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique and Tanzania from 2005 to 2015 based on CD4+ groups at ART initiation (≥200, 100 to 199, 50 to 99 and <50 cells/mm3) to examine attrition (loss to follow‐up (LTF) and death) using Kaplan‐Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models. LTF was defined as no clinic visit >6 months; deaths were ascertained from medical records.Results and discussionA total of 305,443 PLHIV were included in the analysis: 118,580 (38.8%) CD4+ ≥200, 91,788 (30.1%) CD4+ 100 to 199, 44,029 (14.4%) CD4+ 50 to 99 and 51,046 (16.7%) CD4+ <50 cells/mm3. At 12 months after ART initiation, attrition for those with CD4+ ≥200, 100 to 199, 50 to 99 and <50 cells/mm3 was 21.3% (95% CI 21.1 to 21.6), 21.8% (95% CI 21.6 to 22.1), 27.3% (95% CI 26.9 to 27.7) and 33.6% (95% CI 33.2 to 34.0) respectively. In multivariable models, compared to PLHIV with CD4+ ≥200 cells/mm3, those with CD4+ 50 to 99 cells/mm3 had 29% increased risk of attrition (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.32) and those with <50 cells/mm3 had 56% increased risk of attrition (AHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.58). Men had higher attrition compared to women across all CD4+ groups and overall were 28% more likely to experience attrition (AHR 1.28, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.29). Even after ART initiation, PLHIV with advanced disease had notably inferior outcomes with substantial gradient within the low CD4+ strata highlighting the need for targeted interventions for these populations.ConclusionsGreater efforts, including the identification of effective differentiated service delivery models, are needed to ensure that all PLHIV starting treatment can garner the benefits from ART and achieve favourable outcomes.
Significant fat reduction in deep‐fried kamaboko by fish protein hydrolysates derived from common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Zeng Qingzhu , Dai Mingrui , Yang Yuan , Su Dongxiao , Feng Shilun , He Shan , Tian Bin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo evaluate their fat reduction effect, common carp fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) were made using four methods: the conventional enzymatic process, a microwave‐intensified enzymatic process, the conventional alkaline hydrolysis process, and a microwave‐intensified alkaline hydrolysis process.RESULTSThe efficiency of protein extraction was significantly enhanced by microwave intensification. The oil‐holding capacities of FPH produced by these four processes were all lower than that of raw fish protein. The water‐holding capacities of FPH produced by these four processes were all higher than that of raw fish protein. The FPH from the four processes and raw fish protein were used in the preparation of deep‐fried kamaboko. The fat content of deep‐fried kamaboko was drastically reduced from approximately 160 g kg−1 to about 50 g kg−1 by replacing 20 g kg−1 fish mince with FPH, regardless of the process. Texture profile analysis (TPA) of deep‐fried kamaboko found no significant difference in hardness and brittleness among all the deep‐fried kamaboko samples. The similar interior protein cross‐linking micro‐structure of all these samples further explained the TPA finding.CONCLUSIONWith the involvement of FPH in the formulation, the fat content of deep‐fried kamaboko can be significantly reduced from approximately 160 to 50 g kg−1, without a change in its texture. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mandated wrapping of airway cart instruments: Limited access without the intended safety benefits
Authors: Nielsen Skyler W. , Stevens Jayne R. , Stevens Gregory J. , Patel Jagatkumar , Eller Robert L. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisIsolated case studies have shown improper sterilization or contamination of equipment from anesthesia carts can lead to transmission of disease and even death. Citing this literature, national accrediting agencies mandated all instruments in the otolaryngology airway carts at San Antonio Military Medical Center be packaged to prevent contamination. This study sought to determine the infection and safety implications of packaged airway cart instruments.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA review of upper aerodigestive tract procedures, some of which penetrated mucosa, was performed by analyzing 100 patient records during the unpackaged period and 100 during the packaged period. A comparison of infections, deaths, and length of stay in the hospital was included in the analysis. Additionally, a timed simulation to setup a simple group of instruments for an emergency airway situation from both the unpackaged and packaged airway carts was performed using a total of 11 surgical technologists and nurses.ResultsEach group had a total of four airway infections and neither had any deaths. The average length of hospital stay was 0.36 days for the unpackaged period and 0.44 days from the packaged period. None of these variables reached statistical significance. The average time to find and set out the correct instruments for the two groups was 46.6 and 95.5 seconds for the unpackaged and packaged airway carts, respectively (P = .004).ConclusionsThis study suggests individually packaging of instruments used for emergency airway cases may put lives at risk when time matters and fails to decrease the risk of infection.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 129:715–719, 2019
Impact of high‐ versus low‐risk genotype on sinonasal radiographic disease in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Halderman Ashleigh A. , Lee Stella , London Nyall R. , Day Andrew , Jain Raksha , Moore John A. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveUnderstanding of how specific mutations impact the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein has given rise to the classification of CF patients into low‐risk and high‐risk genotypes. Few prior studies have investigated differences in sinonasal disease between low‐risk and high‐risk CF genotypes. This multi‐institutional review aimed to evaluate radiographic sinus disease severity based on genotype.MethodsA review was conducted on adult patients with CF evaluated between 2005 to 2017 at three academic institutions. Data including age, gender, CFTR mutation, and presence of a maxillofacial/sinus computed tomography scan was collected. A modified Lund‐Mackay score (MLMS) was assigned to each scan, and the presence of sinus aplasia or hypoplasia was determined. Patients were further grouped depending on genotype into low‐ or high‐risk for comparison.ResultsA total of 126 patients were included with 99 patients in the high‐risk and 21 in the low‐risk groups. The high‐risk group had significantly higher MLMS than the low‐risk group (mean 13.88 vs. 8.06, P < 0.0001, 95% CI −8.196 to −3.462) The rate of frontal (P < 0.01), maxillary (P = 0.04), and sphenoid (P < 0.001) hypoplasia/aplasia was significantly higher in high‐risk patients compared to low‐risk.ConclusionThis is one of the largest studies to date evaluating the impact of CF genotype on paranasal sinus development and disease. Genotype appears to impact sinonasal disease severity and also potentially paranasal sinus cavity development to a degree, although the exact mechanism is unknown.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:788–793, 2019
Association of epistaxis with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kunz Seraina M. , Holzmann David , Soyka Michael B. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the association between epistaxis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Study DesignCase‐control cohort study.MethodsThis study included patients from the tertiary‐care ear, nose, and throat department at the University Hospital of Zurich between December 1, 2016 and June 1, 2017. We assessed the cardiovascular risk profiles in a group of 41 patients presenting with epistaxis, and a group of 41 matched controls, focusing on a surrogate parameter for atherosclerosis: the carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT).ResultsWith a mean of 1.06 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 0.17), CIMT values were on average 26% higher in epistaxis patients than in their controls, with a mean of 0.84 mm (SD = 0.14; P < .001). Occurrence of severe epistaxis was also associated with lower ankle–brachial index values at 0.96 (SD = 0.12) versus 1.05 (SD = 0.17) (P < .001) and significantly higher QRISK2 relative risks (an algorithm for predicting cardiovascular risk) than found in the control group (1.81, SD = 0.97 vs. 1.35, SD = 0.28; P = .028). A binary logistic regression model, adjusted for possible confounders, showed an odds ratio of 2.5 for the occurrence of epistaxis per increase in CIMT of 0.1 mm in the study population (95% confidence interval: 1.56‐4.11; P < .001).ConclusionsThe occurrence of severe epistaxis was shown to be closely associated with the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, patients affected by epistaxis should be regarded as at an elevated cardiovascular risk, which indicates the need for appropriate further medical assessment and preventive measures.Level of Evidence3bTrial registrationClinical trials NCT03092973 Laryngoscope, 129:783–787, 2019
Significance of intraparotid node metastasis in predicting local control in primary parotid cancer
Authors: Feng Yanping , Liu Fei , Cheng Guangyan , Fang Qigen , Niu Xinyu , He Wei 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo analyze the metastasis rate in intraglandular lymph nodes (IGLNs) with a focus on discussing the significance of IGLN metastasis in local control (LC) of parotid gland cancer (PGC).MethodsA total of 337 patients were enrolled. Information including age; sex; and pathologic variables such as tumor (T) stage, IGLN metastasis, and follow‐up findings was extracted and analyzed.ResultsIGLN metastasis was noted in 111 (32.9%) patients. Tumor stage, pathologic nodal stage, perineural invasion, resection status, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly related to IGLN metastasis. Local recurrence was noted in 67 (19.9%) patients. IGLN metastasis was an independent predictor of LC. The 10‐year LC rate was 94% for patients without IGLN metastasis, 56% for patients with metastasis in no more than two IGLNs, and 22% for patients with metastasis in more than two IGLNs. This difference was significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe IGLN metastasis rate is relatively high in PGC patients and is significantly associated with disease grade and T stage. IGLN metastasis is associated with poorer local LC, and patients with more than two metastatic nodes have the worst prognosis.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2309–2312, 2019
Size‐Stable Supramolecular Hyperbranched Polymer Vesicles for Redox‐Triggered Double‐Drug Release
Authors: Du Guowen , Wang Shuodong , Yuan Hongxing , Wang Jingxia , Song Yanli , Liu Tingting , Tian Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSupramolecular polymer vesicles (SPVs) with stimuli‐responsive features are promising multifunctional nanocarriers; however, improving the stability and developing multiple‐drug‐loaded SPVs remain key issues in this field. In this work, cross‐linked supramolecular hyperbranched polymer vesicles (SHPVs) with redox‐responsiveness are first constructed based on an AB2‐type macromonomer‐synthesized SHP. The obtained cross‐linked SHPVs exhibit much better size stability than those of non‐cross‐linked branched self‐assemblies, and higher double‐drug‐loading capacity compared with linear supramolecular polymer self‐assemblies. Particularly, these cross‐linked SHPVs exhibit a redox‐triggered, controlled double‐drug release behavior upon the addition of H2O2.
Effects of Air Exposure During Simulated Catch-and-Release Angling on Survival and Fitness of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Roth Curtis J. , Schill Daniel J. , Quist Michael C. , High Brett , Campbell Matthew R. , Vu Ninh V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding the practice of exposing fish to air during catch-and-release (C&R) angling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air exposure on short- and long-term survival and progeny production of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. Prespawn adults were sampled at a weir during upstream migration in 2016 and 2017, exposed to a simulated angling event of 102 s, and then exposed to air for a randomly selected duration of 0, 30, or 60 s. An additional control group was added during 2017 in which fish were not exposed to simulated angling or air. In total, 1,519 fish were sampled in 2016, and 744 fish were sampled in 2017. Additionally, age-0 fish (2016: n = 2,924; 2017: n = 1,492) were collected to evaluate the effects of air exposure on the production of progeny. No effect of angling itself or of angling and air exposure was observed on short-term (≤60 d posttreatment) or long-term (&gt;1 year posttreatment) survival of adults, with one exception. During 2016, fish that had been air exposed for 60 s had a statistically higher short-term survival rate than fish that received no air exposure. Air exposure had no effect on the proportion of fish that successfully spawned. Regression analysis revealed that neither angling nor air exposure affected progeny production. Considering that much of the literature, as well as this study, reports little to no influence of air exposure on salmonid mortality or reproductive success, it seems highly unlikely that air exposure of less than 60 s during C&R angling would have negative population-level effects.
Investigations into the performance of travelling wave enabled conventional and cyclic ion mobility systems to characterise protomers of fluoroquinolone antibiotic residues
Authors: McCullagh Michael , Giles Kevin , Richardson Keith , Stead Sara , Palmer Martin 
Published: December 2018

RationaleFluoroquinolones (FLQs) have been shown to form protomers with distinctive fragment profiles. Experimental parameters affect protomer formation, impacting observed conventional tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) dissociation and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition reproducibility. Collision cross section (CCS) measurement can provide an additional identification metric and improved ion mobility (IM) separation strategies could provide further understanding of fluctuations in fragmentation when using electrospray ionisation (ESI).MethodsPorcine muscle tissue was fortified with nine fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Extracts were cleaned using QuEChERS dispersive extraction. Separation was achieved via ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and analysis performed using positive ion ESI coupled with linear T‐wave IM (N2 and CO2 drift gas) and cyclic IM‐MS (calibrated to perform accurate mass and CCS measurement).ResultsIM‐resolved protomeric species have been observed for nine FLQs (uniquely three for danofloxacin). Long‐term reproducibility and cross‐platform T‐wave/cIM studies have demonstrated CCS metric errors <1.5% when compared with a FLQ protomer reference CCS library. When comparing FLQ protomer separation using a standard, linear T‐wave IM separator (N2/CO2) and using a high‐resolution cyclic T‐wave device (N2), protomer peak‐to‐peak resolution ranged between Rs = 1 to Rs = 6 for the IM strategies utilised.ConclusionsCCS is a reliable cross platform metric; specific FLQ CCS identification fingerprints have been produced, illustrating the potential to compliment MS/MS specificity or provide an alternative identification metric. Using cIM there is opportunity to correlate the erratic nature of protomer formation with the analytical conditions used and to gain further understanding of ionisation/dissociation mechanisms taking place during routine analyses.
Hexamethylenetetramine Copper Diiodide Immobilized on Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as Recyclable Catalyst for Sonochemical Green Synthesis of Diarylethynes
Authors: Naeimi Hossein , Kiani Fatemeh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe carbon‐carbon cross coupling reactions through transition‐metal‐catalyzed processes has been significantly developed for their important synthetic applications. A novel and efficient Copper (I) immobilized on hexamethylenetetramine functionalized graphene oxide catalytic system was successfully synthesized and applied in sonogashira coupling reaction under ultrasonic irradiation. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques. Also the organic products have been confirmed by spectroscopic and physical data such as; FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and melting point. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused eight times without a significant loss of activity, which is an additional sustainable characteristic of this method.
Bromine‐Induced Defects in Anion‐Deficient Zinc Oxide as Stable Photocatalysis Promoters
Authors: Meethal Bhabhina Ninnora , Swaminathan Sindhu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe physico‐chemical properties and photocatalytic performance stability of bromine doped zinc oxide is compared with that of undoped zinc oxide system. Interstitially located bromine induced defects turning to photocatalytic promoter is a rarely studied, but relevant area. Here, high yield one‐pot synthesis with cost‐effective and straightforward method is adopted for the synthesis. A detailed study on the physico‐chemical properties of the prepared photocatalyst materials is done following advanced methodologies. Surface modification of anion deficient zinc oxide in presence of bromine is confirmed from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This study highlights the synergetic effect attained through Br induced defects with anion deficiencies in ZnO by fine tuning the level of doping. Plausible photocatalytic mechanism for water purification employing efficient electron‐hole separation due to interstitially located bromine and anion deficiency in ZnO is proposed. Bromine doped ZnO photocatalyst showed complete degradation of methylene blue (20 ppm) within a short period of time compared to pristine ZnO.
An Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Non‐Racemic Hydroxyalkanoic Acids by Olefin Cross‐Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Asaro Fioretta , Drioli Sara , Forzato Cristina , Nitti Patrizia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCross‐metathesis reactions of 1‐hepten‐3‐ol, 1‐octen‐4‐ol, 1‐octen‐4‐yl acetate and 1‐tetradecen‐4‐ol with unsaturated methyl esters were investigated to optimize the synthesis of methyl hydroxyalkenoates, precursors of hydroxyalkanoic acids. Various commercially available catalysts, concentration ratios of reagents as well as microwave irradiation were explored. (R)‐8‐hydroxydodecanoic acid and (S)‐8‐hydroxystearic acid were successfully obtained in 3 steps from enantiomerically enriched alcohols.
Quantification of seismic performance factors of steel diagrid system
Authors: Heshmati Mahdi , Aghakouchak Ali Akbar 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis study is carried out to evaluate the response modification, overstrength, and deflection amplification factors for steel diagrid system. To quantify these factors, the rational procedure introduced in Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P695, which is based on low probability of structural collapse and encompasses nonlinear static and dynamic analyses, is used. To this end, a series of diagrid structures with various slopes of external braces are designed. Nonlinear static analyses are performed to obtain system overstrength and period‐based ductility. Incremental dynamic analyses are then performed to assess collapse margin ratio (CMR) of the archetypes. The effects of spectral shape of different ground motions are considered in CMR values to obtain an adjusted CMR (ACMR), for each archetype. The values of calculated ACMRs are compared with the acceptable values of FEMA P695 to assess reliability of presumed seismic performance factors of diagrid systems. The results show that values of calculated ACMRs for steel diagrid systems designed using the response modification factor equal to 4.50 are acceptable. It is also observed that as the slope of the peripheral diagonal elements increases, the overstrength and the collapse margin ratios decrease, and the ductility of system increases.
Seismic response control of base‐isolated buildings using multiple tuned mass dampers
Authors: Stanikzai Mohammad Hamayoun , Elias Said , Matsagar Vasant A. , Jain Arvind K. 
Published: December 2018

SummarySeismic response of a base‐isolated building equipped with single tuned mass damper (STMD), multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs), and distributed multiple tuned mass dampers (d‐MTMDs) under real earthquake ground motions is investigated. Numerical study is carried out using analytical models of five‐, 10‐, and 15‐storey base‐isolated buildings equipped with the STMD, MTMDs, and d‐MTMDs. The buildings are modeled as shear‐type structure with a lateral degree of freedom at each floor level, and the buildings are isolated using the laminated rubber bearing, lead‐core rubber bearing, friction pendulum system, and resilient‐friction base isolator. The coupled differential equation of motion for the buildings are derived and solved in the incremental form using Newmark's step‐by‐step method of integration. From the numerical study conducted, it is concluded that installing a tuned mass damper at each floor level of a base‐isolated building reduces the structural response in terms of top floor acceleration and bearing displacement. It is found that installing the MTMDs and d‐MTMDs are significantly beneficial in reducing top floor acceleration as compared with the STMD. Further, almost comparable reduction in the bearing displacement could be obtained by installing the STMD, MTMDs at top, and d‐MTMDs in the base‐isolated buildings. The d‐MTMDs are more beneficial as compared with the STMD and MTMDs as otherwise huge controller mass can now be divided and distributed on different floor levels.
Experimental investigation on seismic performance of corroded steel columns in offshore atmospheric environment
Authors: Zheng Shansuo , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao Xuran 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper presents an experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of corroded steel columns in offshore atmospheric environment. Indoor artificial‐climate accelerated tests on six steel columns and 48 tensile coupons were implemented first. And then the tensile tests were performed to obtain the functional relationships between mechanical properties and mass loss rate for Q235B steel subjected to corrosion. Low‐cyclic reversed loading tests were conducted on six steel columns with different corrosion levels. The influence of corrosion level and axial compression ratio on the failure modes, hysteretic behavior, ductility, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, the moment–curvature relationships of the plastic hinge region, and equivalent plastic hinge length of the samples were analyzed and discussed. The test results indicate that within a certain range, an increase in corrosion level or axial compression ratio tends to decrease the bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity of steel columns. The axial compression ratio plays an important role in determining the plastic hinge length of steel columns, but the corrosion level has no regular influence on the plastic hinge length. Furthermore, a finite element mode was established. The finite element predictions are in good agreement with the corresponding test results.