bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defending Backwards Causation against the Objection from the Ignorance Condition
Authors: Hasan Abla 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Since Michel Dummett published “Can an effect precede its cause?” (1954), in which he argued for the logical consistency of backwards causation, the controversial concept has turned to a subject of all kinds of interpretations and misinterpretations. Some like Ben-yami, Peijnenburg and Gorovitz have wrongly ascribed to Dummett the view that the argument for the consistency of believing in backwards causation applies only in cases where the agent doesn’t know about the occurrence of the past effect. In this paper I defend Dummett’s argument by clearing up the confusion caused by ascribing the ignorance condition to Dummett.
James’s Evolutionary Argument
Authors: Robinson William S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper is a commentary on Joseph Corabi’s “The Misuse and Failure of the Evolutionary Argument”, this Journal, vol. VI, No. 39; pp. 199-227. It defends William James’s formulation of the evolutionary argument against charges such as mishandling of evidence. Although there are ways of attacking James’s argument, it remains formidable, and Corabi’s suggested revision is not an improvement on James’s statement of it.
Names of Attitudes and Norms for Attitudes
Authors: Nayding Inga 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fictionalists claim that instead of believing certain controversial propositions they accept them nonseriously, as useful make-believe. In this way they present themselves as having an austere ontology despite the apparent ontological commitments of their discourse. Some philosophers object that this plays on a distinction without a difference: the fictionalist’s would-be nonserious acceptance is the most we can do for the relevant content acceptance-wise, hence such acceptance is no different from what we ordinarily call ‘belief’ and should be so called. They conclude that it is subject to the norms applicable to paradigmatic empirical beliefs, and hence, pace fictionalists, ontological commitments must be taken seriously. I disentangle three strands in the objector’s thought: the ‘What more can you ask for?’ intuition, a linguistic/conceptual claim, and a claim about norms. I argue that the former two are compatible with ontological deflationism, and therefore do not entail applicability of the norms. Nevertheless, if indeed there is no more robust acceptance with which to contrast the supposed nonserious acceptance, then the fictionalist’s claim to austere ontology must be abandoned. Is there a reason to suppose there is any merit to the distinction-without-a-difference charge? I argue that there is, clarify it, and defend against objections, focusing on Daly 2008.
Counterfactuals as Strict Conditionals
Authors: Iacona Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper defends the thesis that counterfactuals are strict conditionals. Its purpose is to show that there is a coherent view according to which counterfactuals are strict conditionals whose antecedent is stated elliptically. Section 1 introduces the view. Section 2 outlines a reply to the main argument against the thesis that counterfactuals are strict conditionals. Section 3 compares the view with a proposal due to Åqvist, which may be regarded as its direct predecessor. Section 4 explains how the view differs from contextualist strict conditional accounts of counterfactuals. Finally, section 5 addresses the thorny issue of disjunctive antecedents.
Reflective Knowledge and the Nature of Truth
Authors: Zalabardo José L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
I consider the problem of reflective knowledge faced by views that treat sensitivity as a sufficient condition for knowledge, or as a major ingredient of the concept, as in the analysis I advance in Scepticism and Reliable Belief. I present the problem as concerning the correct analysis of SATs — beliefs to the effect that one of my current beliefs is true. I suggest that a plausible analysis of SATs should treat them as neither true nor false when they ascribe truth to a non-existent belief. I argue that the problem is inescapable if we construe SATs as ascribing the property of truth to a belief. Deflationism manages to avoid the problem of reflective knowledge, but it does so by violating alethic priority — the principle that our account of representation must be built on our account of truth. I argue that we can avoid the problem of reflective knowledge while preserving alethic priority with a pragmatist account of truth — according to which truth is explicated in terms of the rules that govern the practice of assessing judgments and related items as true or false.
Anti-Realism
Authors: David Marian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
According to metaphysical realism, we would have to compare our thought with mind-independent reality, if we want to gain knowledge about the world. Such a comparison is impossible. Yet we can gain knowledge about the world. So metaphysical realism is false. — I take this to be the historically most influential argumentative line opposing metaphysical realism. The paper develops this argument, the Main Anti-Realist Argument, in more detail and offers a brief critical discussion of its crucial assumptions.
On Identity Statements: In Defense of a Sui Generis View
Authors: Haze Tristan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper is about the meaning and function of identity statements involving proper names. There are two prominent views on this topic, according to which identity statements ascribe a relation: the object-view, on which identity statements ascribe a relation borne by all objects to themselves, and the name-view, on which an identity statement ‘a is b’ says that the names ‘a’ and ‘b’ codesignate. The object- and name-views may seem to exhaust the field. I make a case for treating identity statements as sui generis instead of attempting to explain them by means of the idea that they ascribe a relation. My contention is that once we do this, no analysis is required.
Do Time-Asymmetric Laws call for Time-Asymmetric Spacetime Structure?
Authors: Peterson Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Many philosophers of physics take the failure of the laws of physics to be invariant under the time reversal transformation to give us good reason to think that spacetime is temporally anisotropic, yet the details of this inference are rarely made explicit. I discuss two reasonable ways of filling in the details of this inference, the first of which utilizes a symmetry principle proposed by John Earman and the second of which utilizes Harvey Brown’s account of spacetime. I contend that neither of the resulting arguments is sound.
Space Emergence in Contemporary Physics: Why We Do Not Need Fundamentality, Layers of Reality and Emergence
Authors: Le Bihan Baptiste 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
‘Space does not exist fundamentally: it emerges from a more fundamental non-spatial structure.’ This intriguing claim appears in various research programs in contemporary physics. Philosophers of physics tend to believe that this claim entails either that spacetime does not exist, or that it is derivatively real. In this article, I introduce and defend a third metaphysical interpretation of the claim: reductionism about space. I argue that, as a result, there is no need to subscribe to fundamentality, layers of reality and emergence in order to analyse the constitution of space by non-spatial entities. It follows that space constitution, if borne out, does not provide empirical evidence in favour of a stratified, Aristotelian in spirit, metaphysics. The view will be described in relation to two particular research programs in contemporary physics: wave function realism and loop quantum gravity.
The First-Person Plural and Immunity to Error
Authors: Smith Joel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
I argue for the view that some we-thoughts are immune to error through misidentification (IEM) relative to the first-person plural pronoun. To prepare the ground for this argument I defend an account of the semantics of ‘we’ and note the variety of different uses of that term. I go on to defend the IEM of a certain range of we-thoughts against a number of objections.
Determinants of Financial and Non-Financial Risk Tolerance among Students at Selected South African Universities
Authors: Ramudzuli Pfano Michael , Muzindutsi Paul-Francois 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
To enhance the portfolio allocation process, individuals need to understand their financial ability and psychological willingness to tolerate risks. To do this, their risk tolerance level must be quantified. This study used a survey questionnaire to collect data from 470 students at selected South African universities, and a binary logistic regression to test the effect of demographic factors on financial risk tolerance versus non-financial risk tolerance. Our findings suggest that the level of risk tolerance cannot be generalized across different risk domains. We also found that demographic factors affect the two domains of risk tolerance differently. Specifically, age did not have a significant influence on financial risk tolerance, while it significantly increased non-financial risk tolerance. Similarly, gender did not have any significant influence on non-financial risk tolerance, while it positively affect-ed financial risk tolerance. Furthermore, students in the fields of the humanities, engineering and IT showed a strong appetite for non-financial risks, but students in the commerce faculty preferred financial risks.
The Principle of Characterization as a Systemic Paradigm of Safety: Experiments and Applications
Authors: Krupa Tadeusz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This work is devoted to promoting the principle of characterization, treated as a systemic paradigm binding in an integral whole the functional and structural aspects of any organization, under-stood as a deliberate relationship of related resources. The principle of characterization and the specific characterization theories built on its basis belong to the methodology of systemic research. Its essence is the axioms contained in model Ψa of the proper functioning, which are assigned to the relationships contained in model Ψb of the structure of this organization. The functional-structural paradigm considered is characteristic primarily of project activity in which an efficient structural response to a certain problem of the correct (safe) functioning of the organization as a whole or its considered part is sought after.
Obtaining a Generalized Index of Bank Competitiveness Using a Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Malyarets Lyudmyla , Dorokhov Oleksandr , Koybichuk Vitaliya , Dorokhova Liudmyla 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to developing a definition of the indicator of the bank’s competitiveness which based on the theory of fuzzy sets and neural networks techniques. Uncertainties that have a place when considering and analyzing the components of evaluating the success and effectiveness of the bank have been considered and analyzed. The sequence of construction and structure for generalizing parameter of bank competitiveness are presented and grounded. Stages of obtaining an integrated assessment of bank competitiveness by sequential application of fuzzy logic and neural networks approaches are determined and described. Corresponding fuzzy terms, membership functions and fuzzy inference rules are described. Overall sequence and steps to resolve the problem are processed. The practical implementation of the summary fuzzy inference of the bank’s competitiveness is given. In particular, numerical calculations on the proposed model for Ukrainian commercial bank “Khreshchatyk” was carried out. Comparison of obtained evaluation results for the competitiveness of specified bank with available data and other scientific information sources showed their compliance with factual situation. In this way, the expediency of application fuzzy modeling has been confirmed to determine the generalized indicators of bank competitiveness. Adequacy and accuracy of the proposed model and the results of calculations were proved. The proposed approach is quite general. This or similar model can be successfully used in other tasks of building and generalized evaluation of integrated indicators for the presence of several local, individual parameters for different economic processes and tasks.
The social role of the physician in classical Polish medical sociology. A reconstruction of the views of Magdalena Sokołowska
Authors: Piątkowski Włodzimierz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article is an attempt to reconstruct the views of the creator of the Polish and co-creator of the Western sociology of medicine – Magdalena Sokołowska. The content of these contemplations applies to the social role of the physician. This paper describes the evolution of her ideas, which were inspired by classical Western literature (such as Robert Merton, Howard Becker, Anselm Strauss) and the results of the 1962’s contest for the best industrial physician diary, as well as the opinion polls of that time (CBOS – Centre for Public Opinion Research, 1972) that described the views of Poles on both the professional and moral duties of physicians. Magdalena Sokolowska’s views and opinions were also modified and shaped by her coworkers and mentors: Jan Szczepański, Adam Podgórecki and Adam Sarapata. The creator of the Polish sociology of medicine had also a vision for the prospective research on the physician profession that involved, inter alia, the necessity for increasing behavioral competences, complementing medical knowledge with elements of prevention and health promotion, as well as the need for integrating humanities with biomedicine.
Pharmaceutical care – a chance or necessity in the context of Polish self-medication
Authors: Majchrowska Anita 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction. The modern pharmaceutical care is supposed to meet numerous demands resulting from the presence and broad availability of OTC medicines. In this case the pharmacist becomes the primary advisor as for the application of medicines which are not prescribed by a doctor.

Aim. The aim of the study was to recognize the position of pharmacists employed in the pharmacy towards pharmaceutical care, possibilities to conduct it and barriers of its implementation.

Material and method. The researchers conducted a survey with elements of a questionnaire interview. The number of 186 pharmacists who work in pharmacies in the province of Lublin took part in the research.

Results. The surveyed perceive the benefits of performing pharmaceutical care: increased prestige of the profession, greater satisfaction with their job – 44.9% choices for each; increase of the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy (54.6%) and treatment (44.3%). The major barriers to introducing pharmaceutical care include insufficient education of pharmacists (33.7%) and lack of solid co-operation with the doctor (32.6%).

Conclusions. Pharmacists are aware of the importance of pharmaceutical care, although they identify a number of barriers which hinder its effective introduction.
Intraseasonal Climate Forecast For The Alcântara Region In Northeastern Brazil (Previsão Climática Intrasazonal para a Região de Alcântara no Nordeste Brasileiro)
Authors: Corrêa Cleber Souza , Reboita Michelle Simões , Camillo Gerson Luiz , Couto Vinicius Milanez , Corrêa Felipe Nascimento 
Published: January 2019

Thisstudy used the outputs from the global NCEP climate forecast system (CFSv2) as initial and boundary conditions for the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4.6). The purpose of this work is to analyze the performance in forecasting the sub-seasonal and seasonal climate from June to October 2017 in Alcântara Launch Center (ALC), located in the northeastern Brazil. The study focused on wind and air temperature variables in the lower atmosphere. The predictions were validated with the ERA-Interim reanalysis. In the Alcântara region, the RegCM4.6 model presented a good performance in representing the monthly means of the variables under study, but in other regions of the domain, it presented greater deviations. R E S U M O As saídas do sistema global de previsão climática do NCEP (CFSv2) foram utilizadas como condições iniciais e de fronteira no Modelo Regional Climático (RegCM4.6) a fim de produzir previsões intrasazonais (um mês) para o Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA) no estado do Maranhão. As previsões foram realizadas de junho a outubro de 2017 e o vento e a temperatura do ar na baixa atmosfera foram avaliados. Para tanto, foi utilizada a reanálise ERA-Interim. Na região de Alcântara, o RegCM4.6 teve uma boa performance em representar as médias mensais das variáveis em estudo, mas em setores oceânicos do domínio, apresentou maiores desvios. Palavras-Chaves: modelo climático regional (RegCM4.6); downscaling dinâmico; CFSv2; Alcântara
O Agronegócio no Brasil: uma análise contra-hegemônica voltada à sustentabilidade e ao direito ao desenvolvimento
Authors: Costa Patrícia Spagnolo Parise , Lino Estefânia Naiara da Silva 
Published: January 2019

O agronegócio é instrumento de grande desenvolvimento econômico para o País. As leis brasileiras impõem parâmetros para sua implementação, pautando-o na sustentabilidade. Contudo, será que, de fato, o agronegócio atende aos preceitos legais voltados à sustentabilidade e ao desenvolvimento em todas as suas esferas? Qual o papel do Estado e do Direito neste processo de preservação dos direitos humanos? Diante de tais questionamentos, tem-se com este estudo o objetivo de analisar, a partir de uma visão contra-hegemônica, voltada à sustentabilidade e ao direito ao desenvolvimento, a prática do agronegócio no Brasil. Para tanto, valeu-se da pesquisa bibliográfica, do método de procedimento histórico e do método de abordagem dedutivo. Concluiu-se que o agronegócio nem sempre tem se pautado pela legislação, ou seja, tem ferido leis trabalhistas, causado danos ao meio ambiente, além de aumentar a pobreza e a fome no campo. Para que o agronegócio seja, de fato, bem- -sucedido, o governo brasileiro há de pautar suas políticas públicas agrícolas nos critérios da responsabilidade do poder efetivo e na ética da responsabilidade. O Direito possui papel essencial neste processo de reflexão.
Correlational Relationships between Various International Rankings for Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Gaisenok V. A. , Naumovich O. A. , Samokhval V. V. 
Published: January 2019

The task of the investigation was to study the interrelations of the results of university rankings presented by various ranking agencies. Data on the number of the participants in the World Rankings has been presented for the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (WRWU), Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), Times Higher Education (THE), U-Multirank, Round University Ranking (RUR), the Moscow International Rating “Three University Missions”, SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR).The correlations have been studied by the methods of mathematical statistics for the results of the Moscow International Rating “Three University Missions” and the RUR, QS, THE, and the WRWU rankings; of the QS rankings with THE and the WRWU rankings, as well as for the two WRWU rankings published in January 2018 and July 2017. The linear regression formulas linking the positions of universities in different rankings have been obtained. The results of the Moscow International Rating “Three University Missions” moderately correlate with the results of the RUR rankings, the correlation with WRWU is low. The correlations for the QS ranking with THE and the WRWU rankings are moderate. Very high correlation has been detected only for the two WRWU rankings, which raises questions about the feasibility of conducting them with an interval of six months.
Analisis Kesesuaian Perairan untuk Keramba Jaring Apung di Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Haris Rangga Bayu Kusuma , Yusanti Indah Anggraini 
Published: January 2019

Haris et al, 2019. The Analysis of Water Suitability for Floating Net Sprouts in Sirah Pulau Padang, Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra Province. JLSO 8(1):20-30.The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of water suitability of the floating net sprouts in sirah pulau padang, ogan komering river, Serdang Menang Village, OKI South Sumatra Regency based on water physical and chemical parameters. This study was conducted on July - August 2018 at the Komering River, Ulak Jermun village, Terusan Menang Village, and Mangun Jaya Village, OKI District, South Sumatra. The data of sampling was divided into 3 stations, they were; station 1 was Ulak Jermun Village (3 ° 18'45.48 "LS and 104 ° 53'5.32" BT), station 2 was Terusan Menang Village (3 ° 17'14.13 "LS and 104 ° 52'46.78 "BT), and station 3 was Mangun Jaya village (3 ° 18'14.92" LS and 104 ° 52'59.48 "BT). The data of Samples were tested at the chemical laboratory in Palembang Public Water Fisheries and Extension Research Institute directly. The results of the study was for Station 1, Station 2, and Station 3 with a value was 48% with a good feasibility information. The results of measurements of water quality parameters, the pH was about 6.6 - 6.7, temperature was about from 24., 53 - 26.93oC, DO 3.93 - 4.36 mg / l, ammonia was about 0.78 - 0.16 mg / l, water brightness was about from 34.67 - 43.33 cm, CO2 4.53 - 5.03 mg / l, depth 2.36 - 2.47 m, current velocity was about 0.38 - 0.44 m / s, nitrate was about 0.37 - 0.439 mg / l, phosphate was about 0.009 - 0.225 mg / l and the bottom substrate of water was mud.
PENGARUH KINERJA KEUANGAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGES YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Hartini Estuti Fitri , Rosadi Kartika Hernapuri 
Published: January 2019

This research is meant to find out the influence of Price Earnings Ratio, Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Current Ratio to the stock price of food and beverages companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2014 periods. The samples of this research are food and beverages company that being active are traded and listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2013-2017. Moreover, it is chosen by purposive sampling whereas it is based on some criteria. The analysis method used to test on the research hypothesis is regression. The result shows that Price Earnings Ratio (PER) have influence significant to the stock price with positif away, Return on Equity (ROE) have influence to significant the stock price with positif away, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) is not signifcant to the stock price, and Current Ratio (CR) is not signifcant to the stock price. Kata Kunci: PER, ROE, DER, CR, Stock Price
PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL, BIAYA PROMOSI, DAN PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PROFIT SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Widhiastuti Susanti , Nugraha Rama Satrya 
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal intelektual (IC), biaya promosi, dan perputaran persediaan (ITO) terhadap profit (ROA) serta implikasinya terhadap nilai perusahaan (PER). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan pada Sektor Industri Manufaktur Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2012 sampai dengan tahun 2016 dengan jumlah 42 perusahaan. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 18 perusahaan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah explanatory research tipe kausal yang berupaya menguji pengaruh antar variabel dalam sebuah model struktural.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal intelektual berpengaruh terhadap profit perusahaan tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Biaya promosi tidak berpengaruh terhadap profit dan nilai perusahaan. Perputaran persediaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap profit tetapi berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Modal Intelektual, Biaya Promosi, Perputaran Persediaan, Profit, Nilai Perusahaan