bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Personal Data Protection Law for Commercial Air Transport
Authors: Zadura Dawid 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the review below the author presents a general overview of the selected contemporary legal issues related to the present growth of the aviation industry and the development of aviation technologies. The review is focused on the questions at the intersection of aviation law and personal data protection law. Massive processing of passenger data (Passenger Name Record, PNR) in IT systems is a daily activity for the contemporary aviation industry. Simultaneously, since the mid- 1990s we can observe the rapid growth of personal data protection law as a very new branch of the law. The importance of this new branch of the law for the aviation industry is however still questionable and unclear. This article includes the summary of the author’s own research conducted between 2011 and 2017, in particular his audits in LOT Polish Airlines (June 2011-April 2013) and Lublin Airport (July - September 2013) and the author’s analyses of public information shared by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Air Transport Association (IATA), Association of European Airlines (AEA), Civil Aviation Authority (ULC) and (GIODO). The purpose of the author’s research was to determine the applicability of the implementation of technical and organizational measures established by personal data protection law in aviation industry entities.
Flow Visualization Over an Airfoil with Flight Control Surfaces in a Water Tunnel
Authors: Filipiak Daniel , Szczepaniak Robert , Zahorski Tomasz , Bąbel Robert , Stabryn Sebastian , Stryczniewicz Wit 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using-a water tunnel for the visualisation of flow in airfoils with flight control systems in the form of slots and flaps. Furthermore, the issue of using water tunnels for scientific and training purposes was explained. The technology of 3D printed models for practical tests in a water tunnel was also presented. The experiment included conducting flow visualisation tests for three airfoil models: with the Clark Y 11.7% as the base airfoil and the same airfoil with a slot and a flap. Moreover, a modification to dye injection system was introduced. The presented results of flow visualisation around models with the use of dye, confirmed the effectiveness of the applied methodology. The results and conclusions may be utilized to verify most flow-related issues in hydrodynamic tunnels and can also be used as a training element.
Quality Control Process of Manufactured Composite Structures
Authors: Szymański Rafał 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper includes a description of the composite material used in the aviation industry. It presents the technological development of composites in terms of their use in the most important elements of the aircraft structures, such as a spar and aircraft wing sheathing, which are subjected to high loads during operation. The type of the material implemented for production was listed and the most commonly occurred incompatibilities during the carbon pre-impregnate manufacture and transport were described.
The manufacture diagram of composite elements with a polymer matrix was presented and the quality control system carried out at each mentioned stage (material storage, defrosting, cutting of dies, structure forming, polymerisation) was discussed.
The methods of non-destructive tests of carbon laminates in a polymer matrix were also listed, describing the most effective of them, i.e. a method of ultrasonic tests.
The conclusions were drawn and the development possibilities of ultrasonic tests both in terms of quality improvement and reduction of time for detecting incompatibilities in composite structures were described.
Tests of Damage to Inconel 718 Alloy Used in Aviation
Authors: Krysztofik Józef , Socha Grzegorz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Inconel 718 alloy was tested. A new type of specimens of variable cross-sectional area measuring part was used for the tests. This provided a continuous distribution of plastic strain in that part of the sample. The proposed method enables to replace a series of specimens by one specimen. The degradation of the material was obtained by static tensile test and the creep test. The permanent deformation that varies along the specimen axis allows for an analysis of damage induced by a plastic deformation. The degradation of the alloy corresponds with the changes of acoustics properties of the material - attenuation of ultrasonic waves. It allows to detennine the degree of damage to the material using a non-invasive - ultrasonic method. Using the damage parameter proposed by Johnson allows to obtain correlation between the non-destructive results and a damage degree of the material. The presented testing method delivers information about changes in the material structure caused by permanent deformation.
Analytical Redundancy in Control Systems for Unmanned Aircraft and Optionally Piloted Vehicles
Authors: Dołęga Bogusław , Kopecki Grzegorz , Tomczyk Andrzej 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents key properties of a module intended to estimate non-measurable state variables of an aircraft (a fixed-wing aircraft). Sample calculations are applicable to the MP-02A Czajka light Optionally Piloted Vehicle (OPV). The quality of flight parameter values’ estimation is illustrated by comparing flight parameters of the MP-02A Czajka aircraft recorded during actual flight with estimated values of respective parameters calculated during simulation of selected sensor faults. This experiment allows to evaluate the usefulness of the analytical redundancy mechanism that determines attitude parameters (roll, pitch and heading angles) and navigational variables (airspeed, altitude and geographic coordinates).
Reconfiguration of Unmanned Aircraft Control System
Authors: Żugaj Marcin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Reliability of unmanned aircraft is a decisive factor for conducting air tasks in controlled airspace. One of the means used to improve unmanned aircraft reliability is reconfiguration of the control system, which will allow to maintain control over the aircraft despite occurring failures. The control system is reconfigured by using operational control surfaces, to compensate for failure consequences and to control the damaged aircraft. Development of effective reconfiguration algorithms involves utilization of a non-linear model of unmanned aircraft dynamics, in which deflection of each control surface can be controlled independently.
The paper presents a method for an unmanned aircraft control system reconfiguration utilizing a linear and nonlinear model of aerodynamic loads due to control. It presents reconfiguration algorithms, which differ with used models and with optimization criteria for deflections of failure-free control surfaces. Additionally it presents results of a benchmark of the developed algorithms, for various types of control system failures and control input.
Temperature Measurements in the Detonation Chamber Supplied by Air from Centrifugal Compressor and Gaseous Hydrogen
Authors: Kindracki Jan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the experimental results of a detonation chamber fed by air from a centrifugal compressor are presented. The detonation chamber was equipped with many different sensors, mostly thermocouples, which were placed in 11 different positions. The distribution of temperature changes along the chamber and radial temperature profile at the outlet are provided. The results here confirm the existence of high mixture stratification. Such mixture stratifications and temperature profiles may be used as an additional chamber wall cooling method. The experiments performed, address key issues regarding the chamber choking problem caused by turbines. The relationship between the turbine performance and detonation chamber are crucial for proper control of turbine jet engine.
Measuring and Testing the Parameters of a Battery Pack Designed for Powering Unmanned Aircraft Systems at Various Temperatures
Authors: Mazur Anna M. , Korniluk Tomasz , Domański Roman 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper describes results of tests dedicated to studying – in simulated environmental conditions – operation of a battery pack designed for powering unmanned aircraft systems. In particular, the tests concerned determining the electrical parameters of battery packs, with and without radiators, during their operation in changing environmental conditions and resistance to large temperature fluctuations. Amicell, a high density lithium polymer battery manufactured by the Israeli Amit Industries ltd., was selected for testing. The test results present characteristics of the batteries tested in different temperatures and allow for designing and trying out proper battery protections against environmental conditions, with the intention to attain continuous and correct operation. The tests have been carried out in the accredited Environmental Test Laboratory which is part of the Department of Avionics of the Institute of Aviation in Poland.
Individual Autonomous Navigation System
Authors: Popowski Stanisław , Dąbrowski Witold 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents the Individual Autonomous System Navigation (IANS) supporting–rescuer or firemen in terms of navigation. Basic assumptions, which such a system has to fulfill in terms of functionality and accuracy, are presented. The concept of the ISAN system is based on the implementation of inertial navigation system which the only one to permit fully autonomous functioning. Measurement sensors of the navigation system with microprocessor board are placed in the rescuer’s shoe. To limit the escalation of the navigation errors value, which in the case of inertial navigation rises exponentially, a procedure of navigation parameters upgrading at every step of the rescuer is introduced to the proposed system. This procedure guarantees the required accuracy of navigation achievement. The article describes a developed and manufactured demonstrator of the technology and presents main results of its research. The research conducted in a building consisted in walking on the same level several hundred meters in less than 10 minutes. A walking test with a change of walking height was also performed in order to estimate the accuracy of the vertical channel. Results of the demonstrator’s tests let us conclude that the error of navigation is below 1% of the travelled distance and the accuracy is linear in respect to time. The achieved accuracy is fully sufficient for a practical IANS application.
Manufacturing and Testing of Carbon Composite Samples Intended for Aviation
Authors: Szymański Rafał , Zięba Mateusz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the manufacturing technology and quality control of samples made of composite materials intended, inter alia, for aircraft elements. The samples are made from carbon fiber reinforced prepreg in a polymer matrix which is commonly used in the aerospace industry. The authors described the dimensional requirements for samples made of composite materials for strength testing, and the main stages of production which have a direct impact on the quality of composite samples. Also presented is the technological process of producing flat carbon composite panels for composite samples, cutting the produced panels with a CNC plotter, cutting the samples on a conventional milling machine, and surface treatment of the samples on a surface grinder. The machining parameters that were experientially found to be optimal for the milling and grinding of carbon samples are specified as well. Finally, the method of quality control of the ready composite samples is described and solutions are presented to improve the production of high-quality samples.
Designing and Building Heavy Lifting Modification of a Radio Controlled Helicopter
Authors: Górzyński Mikołaj , Bibik Przemysław 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the heavy lifting modification of radio controlled T-Rex 700 DFC PRO helicopter which was originally designed as acrobatic machine. The purpose of designing machine like this is a need for a cheap and reliable machine specifically designed to carry weights for research and development purposes. Thanks to its design there is a possibility to attach to it a measuring apparatus, modules like auto-pilot, and weights. It can be also used to test wide range of rotors and other components which makes it very universal research tool. To achieve those goals the whole frame and landing gear has been redesigned using NX 11 CAD/CAM/CAE to achieve desired cargo space and weight distribution. Additionally the tail has been lengthened to allow use of the rotors with bigger diagonal. All the applied changes has been made to increase the machine payload. The designed elements were fabricated and the helicopter has been tested in flight. During the test flights several performance parameters were measured.
Wind Tunnel Tests of Influence of Boosters and Fins on Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Experimental Rocket Platform
Authors: Ruchała Paweł , Placek Robert , Stryczniewicz Wit , Matyszewski Jan , Cieśliński Dawid , Bartkowiak Bartosz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents results of wind tunnel tests of the Experimental Rocket Platform (ERP), which is developed in Institute of Aviation. It is designed as an easy accessible and affordable platform for microgravity experiments. Proposed design enables to perform experiments in microgravity for almost 150 seconds with apogee of about 100 km.
The full-scale model of the ERP has been investigated in the T-3 wind tunnel in Institute of Aviation. During the investigation, the aerodynamic loads of the rocket has been measured for the angle of attack up to 10° and the different rotation angle around the longitudinal axis (up to 90°, depending on the configuration). Three configurations has been investigated:
• without fins and boosters
• with fins and without boosters
• with fins and boosters
Additionally, the measurements of velocity field around the ERP using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been performed.
Based on the wind tunnel test, an influence of fins and boosters on aerodynamic characteristics of the rocket has been described. Results of the wind tunnel tests show relatively high contribution of boosters in total aerodynamic drag. Some conclusions concerning performance and stability of the rocket have been presented.
Employees’ Perception on Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Affective Commitment
Authors: Ahmed Nurulatika , Tahir Nor Suziwana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective – This research aims to study the employee’s perception on CSR practices and affective commitment in public listed companies in the area of Klang Valley, Malaysia. There were four dimensions on CSR practices that might affect the employee’s affective commitment in the organization which are economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. Design/methodology – This study used Likert-Scale questions in order to answer both dependent and independent variables. A set of questionnaire was distributed to the employees who works in public listed companies in Klang Valley area regardless of their industry as population of this study. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results – The findings from this study reveal that there is significant relationship of the employee’s perception on four dimensions of CSR practices and affective commitment. More than that, between all the four dimensions of CSR practices, economic responsibilities are found as the main element in influencing the employee’s affective commitment in work. The findings also show that role of gender does not moderate any relationship between dependent variables and independent variables. Research limitations/implications – This research adds the information on the level of affective commitment towards employees’ perceptions in the public listed companies in Malaysia as theoretical part that focused on the CSR dimensions based on the Carroll ‘s Model which are economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility with gender as the moderating variable in the study. The empirical part of this study has assessed that the economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibility that can affect the level of affective commitment towards the employees’ perceptions in the public listed companies in the Klang Valley.
Neuroplasticity of Sensorimotor Control in Low Back Pain
Authors: Brumagne Simon , Diers Martin , Danneels Lieven , Moseley G. Lorimer , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: June 2019

Synopsis Low back pain (LBP) is an important medical and socioeconomic problem. Impaired sensorimotor control has been suggested to be a likely mechanism underlying development and/or maintenance of pain. Although early work focused on the structural and functional abnormalities within the musculoskeletal system, in the past 20 years there has been an increasing realization that patients with LBP might also have extensive neuroplastic changes within the central nervous system. These include changes related to both the structure (eg, gray matter changes) and function (eg, organization of the sensory and motor cortices) of the nervous system as related to processing of pain and nociception and to motor and somatosensory systems. Moreover, clinical interventions increasingly aim to drive neuroplasticity with treatments to improve pain and sensorimotor function. This commentary provides a contemporary overview of neuroplasticity of the pain/nociceptive and sensorimotor systems in LBP. This paper addresses (1) defining neuroplasticity in relation to control of the spine and LBP, (2) structural and functional nervous system changes as they relate to nonspecific LBP and sensorimotor function, and (3) related clinical implications. Individuals with recurrent and persistent LBP differ from those without LBP in several markers of the nervous system's function and structure. Neuroplastic changes may be addressed by top-down cognitive-based interventions and bottom-up physical interventions. An integrated clinical approach that combines contemporary pain neuroscience education, cognition-targeted sensorimotor control, and physical or function-based treatments may lead to better outcomes in patients with recurrent and persistent LBP. This approach will need to consider variation among individuals, as no single finding/mechanism is present in all individuals, and no single treatment that targets neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor system is likely to be effective for all patients with LBP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(6):402–414. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8489
Diverse Role of Biological Plasticity in Low Back Pain and Its Impact on Sensorimotor Control of the Spine
Authors: Hodges Paul W. , Barbe Mary F. , Loggia Marco L. , Nijs Jo , Stone Laura S. 
Published: June 2019

Synopsis Pain is complex. It is no longer acceptable to consider pain solely as a peripheral phenomenon involving activation of nociceptive neurons. The contemporary understanding of pain involves consideration of different underlying pain mechanisms and an increasing awareness of plasticity in all of the biological systems. Of note, recent advances in technology and understanding have highlighted the critical importance of neuroimmune interactions, both in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and the interaction between the nervous system and body tissues in the development and maintenance of pain, including low back pain (LBP). Further, the biology of many tissues changes when challenged by pain and injury, as reported in a growing body of literature on the biology of muscle, fat, and connective tissue. These advances in understanding of the complexity of LBP have implications for our understanding of pain and its interaction with the motor system, and may change how we consider motor control in the rehabilitation of LBP. This commentary provides a state-of-the-art overview of plasticity of biology in LBP. The paper is divided into 4 parts that address (1) biology of pain mechanisms, (2) neuroimmune interaction in the central nervous system, (3) neuroimmune interaction in the periphery, and (4) brain and peripheral tissue interaction. Each section considers the implications for clinical management of LBP. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(6):389–401. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8716
Brain Drain: Psychosocial Factors Influence Recovery Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury—3 Recommendations for Clinicians Assessing Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Cancelliere Carol , Mohammed Riaz J. 
Published: June 2019

Synopsis Mild traumatic brain injury is a major global public health concern. While most people recover within days to months, 1 in 5 people with mild traumatic brain injury report persistent, disabling symptoms that interfere with participation in work, school, and sport. People with injuries to regions other than the head may report similar symptoms. The biopsychosocial model of health explains this phenomenon in terms of factors associated with recovery that are not biomedical. Important psychosocial factors include poor recovery expectations and pretraumatic and posttraumatic psychological symptoms. Recent clinical practice guidelines recommend that clinicians examine all relevant biopsychosocial factors that may contribute to persistent postconcussive symptoms and consider them when helping their patients make health-management decisions. However, because clinical training continues to prioritize biomedical symptoms, clinicians may not feel confident in the psychosocial domain. Our objective is to provide 3 recommendations for clinicians to assess psychosocial factors in patients after concussion, and to argue a case for clinicians to improve their skills in assessing psychosocial factors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(11):842–844. Epub 1 Jun 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8849
Biaxial deformation behavior of friction stir processed TRIP steel sheets
Authors: OZTURK YİLMAZ İmren , SARAY Onur , YİLMAZ Mumin 
Published: June 2019

In this study, effects of Friction Stir Processing (FSP) on the biaxial deformation behavior of 1.95 mm thick TRIP 780 steel sheets were investigated. FSP induced large plastic shear strains imposed at elevated temperature of about 945°C have drastically changed both microstructure and flow behavior of the steel. For these reason, after the FSP, significant changes in the microstructural and mechanical properties were obtained. After FSP, initial microstructure of the TRIP-steel transformed into a microstructure that mainly dominated by martensite grains. This transformation resulted with nearly two-fold hardness increase in stir zone. Similarly, lath martensite dominated microstructure elevated the FSPed condition into an ultra-high strength level with expense of room temperature ductility. After FSP, yield strength and UTS increased from 415MPa and 829 MPa to about 1280 MPa and 1475 MPa. Uniform elongation and elongation to failure decreased from 23% and 11% to 34% and 22% respectively. In accordance to decreased ductility, Erichsen index (EI) of the steel decreased from 9.16 mm to 4.90 mm under biaxial stretching conditions In contrast to strength enhancement punch force at EI of TRIP-780 also decreased from 80.6 kN to 45.4 kN respectively. This simultaneous decrease in both Ei and FEi attributed to increase in cracking tendency of the FSP induced microstructure.