bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Fundamental Structures of Life: Non‐Targeted, Chemical Analysis of Single Cells and Subcellular Structures
Authors: Neumann Elizabeth K. , Do Thanh D. , Comi Troy J. , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCells are a basic functional and structural unit of living organisms. Both unicellular communities and multicellular species produce an astonishing chemical diversity, enabling a wide range of divergent functions, yet each cell shares numerous aspects that are common to all living organisms. While there are many approaches for studying this chemical diversity, only a few are non‐targeted and capable of analyzing hundreds of different chemicals at cellular resolution. Here, we review the non‐targeted approaches used to perform comprehensive chemical analyses, provide chemical imaging information, or obtain high‐throughput single‐cell profiling data. Single‐cell measurement capabilities are rapidly increasing in terms of throughput, limits of detection, and completeness of the chemical analyses; these improvements enable their application to understand ever more complex physiological phenomena, such as learning, memory, and behavior.
Early metabolic characterization of brain tissues after whole body radiation based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in a rat model
Authors: Yao Xueting , Xu Chao , Cao Yurong , Lin Lin , Wu Hanxu , Wang Chang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRadiation‐induced brain injury involves acute, early delayed and late delayed damage based on the time‐course and clinical manifestations. The acute symptoms are mostly transient and reversible, whereas the late delayed radiation‐induced changes are progressive and irreversible. Therefore, evaluation of the organ‐specific early response to ionizing radiation exposure is necessary for improving treatment strategies and minimizing possible damage at an early stage after radiation exposure. In the current study, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique based on metabolomics coupled with metabolic correlation network was applied to investigate the early metabolic characterization of rat brain tissues following irradiation. Our findings showed that the metabolic response to irradiation was not just limited to the variations of individual metabolite levels, but also accompanied by alterations of network correlations among various metabolites. Metabolite clustering indicated that energy metabolism disorder and inflammation response were induced following radiation exposure. The correlation networks revealed that the strong positive correlations of differential metabolites were highly reduced and significant negative linkages were highlighted in irradiated groups even without statistical changes in metabolic levels. Our findings provided new insights into our understanding of the radiation‐induced acute brain injury mechanism and clues as to the therapy target for clinical applications.
Development of supervision personalisation forms: A qualitative study of the dimensions along which supervisors’ practices vary
Authors: Wallace Kirsty , Cooper Mick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to identify dimensions for a new pair of supervisory tools: the supervision personalisation form (SPF) and the supervision personalisation form – assessment (SPF‐A). These are intended to help tailor supervisory work to the individual supervisee's needs and preferences.MethodSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 accredited supervisors (four males and 11 females), principally counsellors and psychotherapists of an integrative or humanistic orientation, to identify the main dimensions along which their supervision practice varied. Data were analysed thematically using principles from grounded theory.ResultsEleven dimensions of supervisory practice were identified: (1) Offering more, or less, theoretical input; (2) Focusing on the supervisee's strengths vs. focusing on their difficulties; (3) Focusing more, or less, on the supervisory relationship; (4) Providing more, or less, structure; (5) Focusing on the client's issues vs. focusing on the supervisee's issues; (6) Offering more, or less, self‐disclosure; (7) Drawing from one, or more than one, orientation; (8) Offering more, or less, techniques and exercises; (9) Suggesting reading and reflection outside of supervision vs. not doing this; (10) More, or less, talking; (11) Directly challenging the supervisee vs. not directly challenging them.DiscussionThese 11 dimensions have been transposed into items for the SPF and SPF‐A, which are now available for use in supervisory practice. However, further testing, evaluation and refinement of the forms is needed.
Provision of mental health interventions in women's centres: An exploratory study
Authors: Hatchett Victoria , Pybis Jo , Tebbet‐Duffin Ursula , Rowland Nancy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWomen's centres are community‐based third sector organisations providing gender‐specific services to vulnerable females, including offenders and those at risk of offending. Mental health is a particular need within this population; however, there is limited knowledge of the type(s) and availability of mental health interventions within women's centres.AimsTo explore the provision of mental health interventions within women's centres, providing an overview of services and the extent to which they evaluate interventions offered.MethodA 32‐item online survey was developed, and 48 services across England and Wales were invited to participate. Data collected were exported from the survey host website and analysed descriptively.ResultsThirty‐four services took part in the survey. Over two‐thirds provided psychological interventions, with counselling being the most frequently offered type of therapy. Clients presented to services with a range of issues, including mental health problems, personality disorder and self‐harm. Thirteen services undertook evaluations of interventions; data gathered were used for a variety of purposes, including improving interventions and justifying service provision.ConclusionsThis exploratory study provides information about current mental health provision in women's centres and the range of needs experienced by clients. We need to increase our knowledge and understanding of provision within these services, develop a standardised approach to client data collection and management, and create a robust package of valid and reliable outcome measures for use across services. This will augment routine evaluation of the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of these services in meeting the health, well‐being and offending needs of female clients.
Linking self‐determined needs and word of mouth to consumer e‐waste disposal behaviour: A test of basic psychological needs theory
Authors: Gilal Faheem Gul , Zhang Jian , Gilal Naeem Gul , Gilal Rukhsana Gul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractE‐waste is recognized as the fastest growing waste stream in the world. It contains toxic substances such as heavy metals and flame retardants that are hazardous to human and ecological health. Despite these environmental and health hazards, the vast majority of consumers are reluctant to dispose of e‐waste and prefer to store obsolete products at home instead of returning them to manufacturers for recycling. To address this alarming problem, we use the basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) and word of mouth (WOM) to profile consumer behaviour changes and explain self‐reported consumer e‐waste disposal behaviours. Based on longitudinal survey data collected over two rounds from Pakistan, the findings support the role of BPNT. Particularly, the results show that positive WOM messages about e‐waste disposal significantly improve consumers' self‐determined needs that, in turn, fuel consumers' integrated motivation for e‐waste and subsequent e‐waste disposal behaviours. The implications of these findings for practitioners regarding consumer behavioural changes are discussed in‐depth.
Atherectomy in below‐the‐knee endovascular interventions: One‐year outcomes from the XLPAD registry
Authors: Khalili Houman , Jeon‐Slaughter Haekyung , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Baskar Amutharani , Tejani Ishita , Shammas Nicolas W. , Prasad Anand , Abu‐Fadel Mazen , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundUse of atherectomy for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is increasing as an adjunctive treatment to either conventional or drug‐coated balloon angioplasty. There is limited data on atherectomy outcomes in below‐the‐knee (BTK) endovascular interventions.MethodsData from the multicenter Excellence in Peripheral Artery Disease (XLPAD) registry (NCT01904851) were analyzed to examine predictors of atherectomy use and its associated 1‐year patency rate. We analyzed 518 BTK procedures performed between January 2005 and December 2016.ResultsOverall a total of 518 BTK procedures were treated in 430 patients, and 43% of interventions used atherectomy. African American patients were less likely (13% vs 25%; |standard residual| = 3.41) to be treated with atherectomy. Use of atherectomy was lower in chronic total occlusive (CTO) lesions (48% vs 58%; P = 0.02). There were no significant associations of baseline comorbidities, critical limb ischemia (CLI), ankle‐brachial index, number of BTK vessel run‐off, or vessel location with atherectomy use. Compared with patients without atherectomy, use of atherectomy was associated with lower incidence of repeat target limb intervention at 1 year after adjusting for age, CLI, in‐stent restenosis, heavy calcification, presence of diffuse disease, and CTO lesion traits (Hazard Ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.23‐0.72; P < 0.01).ConclusionsCompared with no atherectomy, use of atherectomy in BTK interventions is associated with lower rates of 1‐year repeat target limb revascularization. These findings require confirmation in prospective, randomized clinical studies.
Heterogeneous Photocatalyzed C−C Cross‐coupling Reactions Under Visible‐light and Near‐infrared Light Irradiation
Authors: Gu Quan , Jia Qiaohui , Long Jinlin , Gao Ziwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the development of photocatalytic technology and organic synthesis chemistry, the photocatalyzed cross‐coupling reaction provides one of the most attractive methodologies for the C−C bond formation and has been booming in recent years. The advantages of the heterogeneous photocatalyzed C−C cross‐coupling reaction lie in its environment friendly, easily separated and conveniently recovered catalysts. In this review, we summarized and highlighted recent achievements of heterogeneous photocatalyzed C−C cross‐coupling reactions through four aspects: visible light induced C−C cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd supported semiconductor photocatalysts; visible light induced C−C cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd based plasmonic photocatalysts; visible light induced C−C cross‐coupling reactions catalyzed by palladium‐free photocatalysts; near‐infrared light induced C−C cross‐coupling reactions.
Hispanic ethnicity as a moderator of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in survivors of breast cancer
Authors: Dieli‐Conwright Christina M. , Sweeney Frank C. , Courneya Kerry S. , Tripathy Debu , Sami Nathalie , Lee Kyuwan , Buchanan Thomas A. , Spicer Darcy , Bernstein Leslie , Mortimer Joanne E. , Demark‐Wahnefried Wendy 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MSY) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and recurrence in breast cancer survivors (BCS). MSY is 1.5 times more common in Hispanic women compared with non‐Hispanic women. Although exercise mitigates MSY in BCS, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, few studies to date have focused on minorities. This secondary analysis examined ethnicity as a moderator of the effects of a 16‐week aerobic and resistance exercise intervention on MSY, sarcopenic obesity, and serum biomarkers in BCS.MethodsA total of 100 eligible BCS were randomized to exercise (50 BCS) or usual care (50 BCS). The exercise intervention promoted moderate to vigorous aerobic and resistance exercise 3 times a week for 16 weeks. MSY z scores, sarcopenic obesity, and serum biomarkers were measured at baseline, after the intervention, and at the 28‐week follow‐up (exercise group only). Linear mixed models adjusted for baseline values of the outcome, age, disease stage, adjuvant treatment, and recent physical activity were used to evaluate effect modification by ethnicity.ResultsThe study sample was 57% Hispanic BCS (HBCS) and 43% non‐Hispanic BCS (NHBCS). HBCS were younger, of greater adiposity, and had been diagnosed with more advanced cancers compared with NHBCS (P<.001). Ethnicity was found to moderate the mean differences in exercise training on triglycerides (‐36.4 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [95% CI],‐64.1 to ‐18.8 mg/dL), glucose (‐8.6 mg/dL; 95% CI, ‐19.1 to ‐3.0 mg/dL), and C‐reactive protein (‐3.3 mg/L; 95% CI, ‐7.3 to ‐0.9 mg/L).ConclusionsHBCS appear to have poorer metabolic profiles and therefore may derive relatively larger metabolic changes from exercise compared with NHBCS. Clinical exercise interventions may attenuate existing health disparities across diverse groups of BCS.
The distribution of T‐cell subsets and the expression of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Williams Patrick , Basu Sreyashi , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Hourigan Christopher S. , Oetjen Karolyn A. , Cortes Jorge E. , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias J. , Al‐Hamal Zainab , Konopleva Marina , Ning Jing , Xiao Lianchun , Hidalgo Lopez Juliana , Kornblau Steve M. , Andreeff Michael , Flores Wilmer , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Blando Jorge , Galera Pallavi , Calvo Katherine R. , Al‐Atrash Gheath , Allison James P. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Sharma Padmanee , Daver Naval G. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundPhenotypic characterization of immune cells in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is lacking.MethodsT‐cell infiltration was quantified on BM biopsies from 13 patients with AML, and flow cytometry was performed on BM aspirates (BMAs) from 107 patients with AML who received treatment at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The authors evaluated the expression of inhibitory receptors (programmed cell death protein 1 [PD1], cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA4], lymphocyte‐activation gene 3 [LAG3], T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 [TIM3]) and stimulatory receptors (glucocorticoid‐induced tumor necrosis factor receptor‐related protein [GITR], OX40, 41BB [a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor], inducible T‐cell costimulatory [ICOS]) on T‐cell subsets and the expression of their ligands (41BBL, B7‐1, B7‐2, ICOSL, PD‐L1, PD‐L2, and OX40L) on AML blasts. Expression of these markers was correlated with patient age, karyotype, baseline next‐generation sequencing for 28 myeloid‐associated genes (including P53), and DNA methylation proteins (DNA methyltransferase 3α, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1[IDH1], IDH2, Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 [TET2], and Fms‐related tyrosine kinase 3 [FLT3]).ResultsOn histochemistry evaluation, the T‐cell population in BM appeared to be preserved in patients who had AML compared with healthy donors. The proportion of T‐regulatory cells (Tregs) in BMAs was higher in patients with AML than in healthy donors. PD1‐positive/OX40‐positive T cells were more frequent in AML BMAs, and a higher frequency of PD1‐positive/cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8)‐positive T cells coexpressed TIM3 or LAG3. PD1‐positive/CD8‐positive T cells were more frequent in BMAs from patients who had multiply relapsed AML than in BMAs from those who had first relapsed or newly diagnosed AML. Blasts in BMAs from patients who had TP53‐mutated AML were more frequently positive for PD‐L1.ConclusionsThe preserved T‐cell population, the increased frequency of regulatory T cells, and the expression of targetable immune receptors in AML BMAs suggest a role for T‐cell–harnessing therapies in AML.
Optimization of high performance m‐aramid fiber with disperse dye containing high color strength
Authors: Azam Farooq , Iqbal Kashif , Safdar Faiza 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study focuses on the optimization of parameters involved in the process of dyeing such as temperature, concentration of dye, and swelling agent for m‐aramid fibers with disperse dyes and these parameters were used to investigate the shade depth and fastness properties of m‐aramid fibers. Experiments were carried out in batch system to study the effect of factors and their levels mainly on shade depth of the fibers. The shade depth, that is, K/S value of m‐aramid fibers was improved proportionally with the increasing concentration of swelling agent and dye concentration.
The personal authentication service and security enhancement for optimal strong password
Authors: ShanmugaPriya S. , Valarmathi A. , Yuvaraj D. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe ability of the Cloud to share information and provide certain services to the network linked people. The resources are provided according to the need of the user. In cloud, the user's data are moved to the large data storage, which must be secured. The various organization have expressed concerns about security aspects of cloud computing. One of the major perspectives is to provide security to one's data, which is stored remotely from the user's location. This paper describes an enhanced approach for the already used data security model in cloud environment. The proposed data security model includes generation of OTP using HMAC (Hash based message authentication code) for user authentication process. This paper also includes a comparative MD5 and SHA algorithms for the better implementation of the model. This model best suits for any of the layers in it, to achieve this we use certain encryption algorithms that convert original text to the form that is not understood by the third party. Finally, data availability can be considered as a major concern, which is viewed as threat associated with the cloud environment. To overcome this problem, we generally replicate our data and store it in various locations.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Standard or Reduced Dose Dabigatran vs. Rivaroxaban in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Blin Patrick , Dureau‐Pournin Caroline , Cottin Yves , Bénichou Jacques , Mismetti Patrick , Abouelfath Abdelilah , Lassalle Regis , Droz Cécile , Moore Nicholas 
Published: November 2018

Dabigatran and rivaroxaban at standard or reduced doses have been compared to warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), but not to each other. This was a new user study of standard dose and reduced dose dabigatran or rivaroxaban for NVAF in the French healthcare database, matched on gender, age, date of first dispensing, and high‐dimensional propensity score, followed 2 years. Hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals (CI)) of stroke or systemic embolism (SSE), major bleeding (MB), or death were computed. In matched standard‐dose patients (8,290 per arm), mean age 67 years, HRs for dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban were SSE 0.92 (95% CI = 0.67–1.26), MB 0.59 (95% CI = 0.39–0.90), and death 0.84 (95% CI = 0.65–1.11). In reduced‐dose patients (7,639 per arm), mean age 80 years, HRs for dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban were SSE 0.73 (95% CI = 0.59–0.94), MB 0.74 (95% CI = 0.57–0.96), and death 0.95 (95% CI = 0.83–1.09). In conclusion, at either dose, dabigatran had similar or better effectiveness than rivaroxaban but lower bleeding risk. Death rates were not different.
Thyroid nodule size calculated using ultrasound and gross pathology as predictors of cancer: A 23‐year retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Ling , Yan Huixian , Pang Ping , Fan Xiaojing , Jia Xiaomeng , Zang Li , Luo Yukun , Wang Fulin , Yang Guoqing , Gu Weijun , Du Jin , Wang Xianling , Lyu Zhaohui , Dou Jingtao , Mu Yiming 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThyroid nodules are very common. Ultrasound (US) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) are both integral in cancer screening. This study investigated the concordance between thyroid nodule sizes measured by US and gross pathologic examination and their relationship with malignancy.MethodsA retrospective design was used to select consecutive patients with proven carcinoma of the thyroid. The number and maximum diameter of nodules, rates and types of malignancy, as well as predictors of malignancy were determined.ResultsThe 10 944 patients examined had 15 283 thyroid nodules, 44.6% of which were malignant. Of the 4449 nodules sampled by FNA and the 8748 not sampled by FNA, 76.5% and 30.5% were malignant, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPVs), and overall accuracy of FNA based on final pathology were 97.9%, 96.3%, 98.8%, 93.5%, and 97.5%, respectively. Nodule sizes determined by US were comparable with most nodules having either the same size range (n = 2959, 77.7%) or differing only by one size range (n = 770, 20.5%).ConclusionsThyroid nodule size is inversely related to malignancy risk, as larger nodules have lower malignancy rates. Nodule size estimated by US shows relatively good correlation with final pathologic size. However, thyroid nodules should undergo FNA regardless of size. If the FNA is not benign, nodule size should influence therapeutic decision making.
Standardized terminology systems in cytopathology
Authors: Sundling Kaitlin E. , Kurtycz Daniel F. I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere has been increasing pressure for systemization in cytopathology. Lack of uniformity in categorization, variation in opinion based regional practice, and technologic advancement have created an environment disposed toward creation of more consistent evidence‐based approaches to diagnostic problems. This review provides an overview of the major standardized terminology systems in cytology, with historical perspectives and commentary on current uses of these systems. These systems now include gynecologic, thyroid, pancreaticobiliary, urinary, salivary gland, and breast cytology. We summarize major classification systems supported by national and international professional organizations, outlining the structure and goals of each system. Specific benefits and potential pitfalls in the implementation of each system are given. Finally, we address potential criticisms of standardized terminology systems and proposed future directions to continue the evolution of standardized terminology to improve clinical practice.