bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
War Exposure and DNA Methylation in Syrian Refugee Children and Adolescents
Authors: Smeeth Demelza , Ecker Simone , Chervova Olga , McEwen Fiona , Karam Elie , Beck Stephan , Pluess Michael 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceExposure to war is associated with poor mental health outcomes. Adverse and traumatic experiences can lead to long-lasting DNA methylation changes, potentially mediating the link between adversity and mental health. To date, limited studies have investigated the impact of war on DNA methylation in children or adolescents, hampering our understanding of the biological impact of war exposure.ObjectiveTo identify salivary DNA methylation differences associated with war exposure in refugee children and adolescents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included Syrian refugee children and adolescents, and their primary caregiver were recruited from tented settlements in Lebanon. Data collection was carried out in 2 waves, 1 year apart, from October 2017 to January 2018 and October 2018 to January 2019. Children and their caregiver were interviewed, and children provided saliva samples for DNA extraction. Data analysis was conducted in 2022, 2023, and 2024.ExposureWar exposure assessed by interviewing children and their caregiver using the War Events Questionnaire.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSalivary DNA methylation levels were assayed with the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina). Epigenetic aging acceleration was estimated using a set of preexisting epigenetic aging clocks. A literature search was conducted to identify previously reported DNA methylation correlates of childhood trauma.ResultsThe study population included 1507 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 11.3 [2.4] years; age range, 6-19 years; 793 female [52.6%]). A total of 1449 children provided saliva samples for DNA extraction in year 1, and 872 children provided samples in year 2. Children who reported war events had a number of differentially methylated sites and regions. Enrichment analyses indicated an enrichment of gene sets associated with transmembrane transport, neurotransmission, and intracellular movement in genes that exhibited differential methylation. Sex-stratified analyses found a number of sex-specific DNA methylation differences associated with war exposure. Only 2 of 258 (0.8%) previously reported trauma-associated DNA methylation sites were associated with war exposure (B = −0.004; 95% CI, −0.005 to −0.003; Bonferroni P = .04 and B = −0.005; 95% CI, −0.006 to −0.004; Bonferroni P = .03). Any war exposure or bombardment was nominally associated with decreased epigenetic age using the Horvath multitissue clock (B = −0.39; 95% CI, −0.63 to −0.14; P = .007 and B = −0.42; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.11; P = .002).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort of Syrian refugee children and adolescents, war exposure was associated with a small number of distinct differences in salivary DNA methylation.
Effects of Verbal Framing of Video and Attitudes Toward Police on Mock Jurors' Judgements of Body‐Worn Camera Video
Authors: Park Jaihyun , Feigenson Neal R. , Cheng Ngayin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of prosecution and defense opening statements describing video evidence on mock jurors' perceptions and interpretations of that evidence and ultimate judgments. Materials were based on an actual case in which a police officer was tried for murder after fatally shooting an unarmed driver at a traffic stop. The incident was recorded on the officer's body‐worn camera. Participants exposed to the prosecution's verbal framing of the video judged the officer to be significantly more responsible for the driver's death than those not so exposed. Partisan verbal framing also significantly affected what participants reported having seen, in some instances making them more likely to agree with factual statements that were unambiguously false. The effect of verbal framing on participants' responsibility judgments was mediated by its effect on their inferential judgments and emotional responses. Attitudes toward police also significantly affected responsibility judgments, inferential judgments, and emotional responses.
High‐Performance Ultrasensitive Flexible Piezoelectric Thin Film Sensors via a Cost‐Effective Transfer Strategy
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Jia Miao , Zhou Peiqiong , Zhang Yan , Guo Wei , Zhao Senfeng , Zeng Hanmin , Zhang Jianxun , Yan Mingyang , Jiang Shumiao , Zhou Kechao , Zhang Dou , Bowen Chris 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCurrently, reported physical or chemical methods to produce flexible perovskite thin films rely on the use of expensive single crystal substrates or large‐scale precision equipment. Here, a high‐performance ultrasensitive piezoelectric sensor via a cost‐effective strategy is developed to enable the release of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films from an inexpensive mica substrate, which are subsequently transferred to a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The weak van der Waals interaction between the mica/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 heterostructures minimizes mechanical clamping effects and provides favorable lattice and thermal matching conditions for the growth of high‐quality thin films. The transferred thin films exhibit significantly improved mechanical and functional properties, including an outstanding piezoelectric response (474.2 pm V−1) and an excellent mechanical flexibility, with a bending radius up to 1 mm. The sensor formed via the new transfer strategy exhibits a highly sensitive response to wide‐angle bending (110 mV degree−1) and small pressure changes (1.8 V kPa−1), and is successfully employed for real‐time breathing monitoring and wireless gesture recognition, thereby demonstrating its significant potential in applications related to flexible electronics.
Rectangular Carbon Nitrides C4N Monolayers with a Zigzag Buckled Structure: Quasi‐1D Dirac Nodal Lines and Weak Topological Properties with Flat Edge States
Authors: Li Linyang , Li Jialei , Song Yuxuan , Yu Yawei , Guan Lixiu , Liu Xiaobiao , Chen Xin , Liu Guodong , Peeters François M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing first‐principles calculations, two C4N monolayers with a zigzag buckled (ZB) structure are proposed. The ZB C4N monolayers contain raised‐C (raised‐N) atoms with sp3 hybridization, different from the traditional 2D graphene‐like carbon nitride materials with sp2 hybridization. Interestingly, the band structures of the ZB C4N monolayers exhibit quasi‐1D Dirac nodal line resulting from the corresponding quasi‐1D structure of the zigzag carbon chains, which is essentially different from the conventional ring‐shaped nodal line. The quasi‐1D Dirac nodal line exhibits the following features: i) gapless Dirac points, ii) varying Fermi velocity, and iii) a slightly curved band along the high‐symmetry path. All these features are successfully explained by the proposed tight‐binding model that includes interactions up to the third nearest neighbor. The Fermi velocity of the 2D system can reach 105 m s−1, which is promising for applications in high‐speed electronic devices. The topological flat band structure of the corresponding 1D system determined by the Zak phase and band inversion is edge‐dependent, which is a weak topological state and can be explained by the 2D Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger (SSH) model. The quasi‐1D Dirac Fermions and SSH edge states make the ZB C4N monolayers promising for nanoelectronics applications.
Understanding and Passivation of Surface Corrosion of Cu for Stable Low‐N/P‐Ratio Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Luo Yufeng , Zhang Chi , Cai Jiehua , Wei Zhenyao , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe realization of a low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio is essential for attaining high energy density in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). However, it has been challenging to maintain the stability of the Li metal anode at low N/P ratios. Herein, it is revealed that the corrosion of the Cu current collector by dissolved intermediates of polysulfides ‐a largely overlooked perspective‐ significantly contributes to the instability of Li metal anode at low N/P ratios. The reduced Li/Li+ redox rates on the corroded Cu surface result in uneven and porous Li deposits that severely deteriorate cycling stability. To address this issue, an anti‐corrosion alloy coating is developed to passivate the Cu surface against polysulfides. LSBs with passivated current collectors at a low N/P ratio (1.5) and lean electrolyte (5 µL mgs
−1) show a ten fold extension in cycle and calendar life. This study not only provides the initial evidence of the impact of Cu corrosion on the failure mechanism of low N/P ratio LSBs but also proposes a practical yet effective strategy to stabilize high‐energy‐density LSBs.
Revolutionizing Micro‐Scale Energy Storage by 0D Carbon Nanostructures: Synthesis, Integration, Performance Optimization Mechanisms and Sustainable Applications
Authors: Nisa Fazal ul , Tahir Muhammad , Khalid Shehroz , Amin Naima , Yin Hongbo , Long Yihao , Tang Hui , Iiaz Kashif , Khan Arif Ullah , Naseem Mizna , Peng Zhen , Ma Zeyu , Wu Leixin , Uddin MD Faizan , Khan Abdul Jabbar , Qu Longbing , Ahmad Waheed , He Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe micro‐scale energy storage devices (MESDs) have experienced significant revolutions driven by developments in micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) and micro‐batteries (MBs). This review summarizes the advancements of MSC and MB architecture, highlighting the electrode–electrolyte designs and the emergence of alkali metal ions aqueous batteries. The performance and synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and their synergistic effects for energy storage applications are investigated. The focus is on integrating CQDs/GQDs into the MESDs for enhanced performance. The development of compositing CQD/GQD with other materials, reveals their capacitive and pseudocapacitive performance, extending the MESDs’ possibilities. Moreover, this review systematically covers various fabrication techniques from photolithography to printing techniques. The merits and practicality of each technique for fabricating MSCs and MBs are assessed. Electrochemical performance evaluation, capacitance enhancement, charge–discharge kinetics, and stability assessments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of MESDs with practical applications. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, particularly in the scalability of fabrication and understanding long‐term stability. Nevertheless, the prospects are promising, with avenues in synthesis, fabrication, and electrochemical performance evaluation, which lead to a paradigm shift in MESDs. This review offers a broad perspective, combining innovations across diverse domains and directing the frontline of microelectronics.
Artificially Engineered Nanoprobes for Ultrasensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Xuyan , Liu Qingshan , Wu Menglin , Wang Hao , Yang Jiang , Mu Xiaoyu , Zhang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive and radiation‐free technique used for soft tissue. However, there are some limitations of the MRI modality, such as low sensitivity and poor image resolution. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoprobes have been extensively explored as a versatile platform for ultrasensitive MRI contrast agents due to their unique physiochemical characteristics and tunable magnetic properties. In this review, the emphasis is on recent progress in MRI nanoprobes with different structures and elements, including gadolinium‐, iron‐, manganese‐based and metal‐free nanoprobes. The key influencing factors and advanced engineering strategies for modulating the relaxation ratio of MRI nanoprobes are systematically condensed. Furthermore, the widespread and noninvasive visualization applications of MRI nanoprobes for real time monitoring of major organs and accurate disease diagnosing, such as cerebrovascular, ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, whole‐body tumors, inflammation, as well as multi‐mode imaging applications are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the future development of MRI nanoprobes are discussed, and promising strategies are specifically emphasized for improving biocompatibility, precisely engineering of optimal size, AI‐driven prediction and design, and multifunctional self‐assembly to enhance diagnostics. This review will provide new inspiration for artificial engineering and nanotechnology‐based molecular probes for medical diagnosis and therapy with ultrasensitive MRI.
Photothermal Nano‐Immunotherapy Against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilm Infections
Authors: Xu Lei , Lu Baoliang , Xie Kai , Fan Wangyang , Fang Shiyuan , Zhu Junchen , Yang Jiazhao , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infections are a prevalent type of biofilm‐associated infection with a poor prognosis and antibiotic resistance. The senescence of immune cells in the immune microenvironment contributes to biofilm formation. In this study, Ti₃C₂ MXene‐PVA nanosheets loaded with metformin (Met@TiC) are developed for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections. Nanosheets utilize near‐infrared light to induce photothermal effects and provide direct bactericidal activity against biofilm structures. Met, which is known for its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐senescence properties, modulates immune responses by revitalizing the function of senescent macrophages within the biofilm microenvironment, thereby enhancing their phagocytic and biofilm‐eradicating capabilities. The efficacy of this nanoplatform both in vitro and in an MRSA biofilm infection mouse model, demonstrating its potential as a photothermal nanoimmunotherapy for combating MRSA biofilm infections is validated. In summary, the Met@TiC nanoplatform offers a significant alternative to clinical solutions for MRSA biofilm infections.
Ultralow Dose Iron‐Copper Bimetallic Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Efficient Photothermal‐Chemodynamic Antibacterial and Wound Healing
Authors: Zhai Yujie , Pei Shenglin , Qin Xuhui , Zhang Lu , Liu Xijun , Cai Shuangqi , Zhang Weiqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe combination of photothermal and chemodynamic therapy (PTT‐CDT) using single‐atom nanozymes (SAzymes) shows great promise in combating pathogenic and drug‐resistant bacteria. However, the photothermal conversion efficiency and catalytic activity of SAzymes with solely metal sites remain inadequate, often requiring high doses for effectiveness. Herein, a bimetallic single‐atomic nanozymes with Fe and Cu active sites (FeCu BSNs) designed is reported for efficient treatment of bacterial infections through hyperthermia‐amplified nanozyme catalysis strategy. The FeCu BSNs demonstrate remarkable peroxidase (POD) activity with a specific activity (SA) of 752.25 U mg−1, which is 2.3 folds larger than that of Fe SAzymes (323.45 U mg−1). Additionally, their photothermal effect achieve a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 56.26%, which is two times higher that of Fe SAzymes (29.69%) and Cu SAzymes (25.55%). These enhancements can be attributed to the hybridization of Fe and Cu sites. The FeCu BSNs‐mediated PTT‐CDT combination therapy demonstrates potent antibacterial effects in both in vitro and in vivo models, attributed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and hyperthermia. This study effectively validates the application of ultralow‐dose bimetallic single‐atom nanozymes in PTT‐CDT for wound healing, offering a promising approach for enhanced wound recovery.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Chemokines in Clinical Samples with Graphene‐Based Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kaiser David , Meyerbroeker Nikolaus , Purschke Werner , Sell Simone , Neumann Christof , Winter Andreas , Tang Zian , Hüger Daniel , Maasch Christian , Bethge Lucas , Weimann Thomas , Ferwerda Gerben , de Jonge Marien I. , Schnieders Albert , Vater Axel , Turchanin Andrey 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to their ultra‐high sensitivity, solution‐gated graphene‐based field‐effect transistors (SG‐GFET) have been proposed for applications in bio‐sensing. However, challenges regarding the functionalization of GFETs have prevented their applications in clinical diagnostics so far. Here GFET sensors based on van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of single‐layer graphene layered with a molecular ≈1 nm thick carbon nanomembrane (CNM) are presented. The CNM acts as an ultrathin molecular interposer between the graphene channel and the analyte and allows bio‐functionalization without impairing the graphene properties including its charge carrier mobility. To achieve specificity and reliability in the detection of biomarkers in real patient samples, the functionalization incorporates biostable aptamers in the non‐natural l‐configuration and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol for avoiding non‐specific adsorption. A rapid (≈5 min) detection of the clinically relevant inflammatory mediator CXCL8/IL‐8 within the concentration range of 0.5 – 500 pM (5 – 5000 pg ml−1) is demonstrated in nasal swab samples collected from patients with respiratory tract infections. This detection range may aid in diagnostics of early‐stage infectious diseases making the reported approach promising for the development of future medical tools.
The Future of Biohybrid Regenerative Bioelectronics
Authors: Carnicer‐Lombarte Alejandro , Malliaras George G. , Barone Damiano G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiohybrid regenerative bioelectronics are an emerging technology combining implantable devices with cell transplantation. Once implanted, biohybrid regenerative devices integrate with host tissue. The combination of transplant and device provides an avenue to both replace damaged or dysfunctional tissue, and monitor or control its function with high precision. While early challenges in the fusion of the biological and technological components limited development of biohybrid regenerative technologies, progress in the field has resulted in a rapidly increasing number of applications. In this perspective the great potential of this emerging technology for the delivery of therapy is discussed, including both recent research progress and potential new directions. Then the technology barriers are discussed that will need to be addressed to unlock the full potential of biohybrid regenerative devices.
Additively Manufactured Biodegradable Zn‐Based Porous Scaffolds to Suppress Osteosarcoma and Promote Osteogenesis
Authors: Lu Yupu , Liu Aobo , Jin Siqi , Dai Jiabao , Yu Yameng , Wen Peng , Zheng Yufeng , Xia Dandan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPostoperative therapies for osteosarcoma present substantial challenges due to tumor recurrence and extensive bone defects. To tackle these challenges, laser powder bed fusion is utilized to fabricate biodegradable Zn‐Li porous scaffolds that supress tumors and promote osteogenesis. After the structure design and composition selection, the Zn‐0.8Li porous scaffold with Gyroid unit optimally balances the co‐release of Zn2+ and Li+ during degradation, resulting in favorable antitumor and osteogenic effects. In vitro, the Zn‐0.8Li scaffold significantly inhibits osteosarcoma progression by suppressing tumor cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, alleviating migration, and simultaneously promotes osteogenic differentiation through the enhanced expression of osteogenic markers. In vivo, the Zn‐0.8Li scaffold inhibits the malignant osteosarcoma behavior and facilitates bone regeneration in areas with bone defects. Transcriptomic analysis further reveals that the simultaneous release of Zn2+ and Li+ from the biodegradable Zn‐0.8Li scaffold contributes to anti‐osteosarcoma activity by downregulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Taken together, the Zn‐0.8Li porous scaffold fabricated using laser powder bed fusion with enhanced antitumor and osteogenic properties is a promising alternative for the postoperative management of osteosarcoma.
Multilevel Optical Storage, Dynamic Light Modulation, and Polarization Control in Filamented Memristor System
Authors: Korneluk Alexander , Stefaniuk Tomasz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical metallization (ECM) mechanism is emerging as a promising approach for the development of optical memristors—nonvolatile memory systems proposed for use as artificial synapses in neuromorphic computing applications. ECM memristors offer exceptional operating dynamics and power efficiency compared to other systems, but challenges with reproducible cycle‐to‐cycle state switching and the absence of advanced optical functionalities hinder their integration into photonic systems. In this work, an ECM free‐standing memristor structure is proposed, which simultaneously offers wavelength‐dependent multilevel nonvolatile optical storage, volatile light modulation, and dynamic polarization control. It is demonstrated that in the presence of a resonance, the optical readout provides noise‐free, robust, and significantly more accurate information about the memristor's state than electrical measurement. The use of light allows to gain insight into the intermediate electrical levels of the device as it transitions between high and low resistance states and to recover the complete record of applied voltages even when stochastic filament ruptures occur. Finally, the investigations show that spectroscopic ellipsometry provides real‐time information on the dynamics of cation movement and the corresponding permittivity changes at the interfaces between the switching layer and the electrodes, thus becoming a complementary characterization method for ECM memristors alongside state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Tandem Upgrading of Bio‐Furans to Benzene, Toluene, and p‐xylene by Pt1Sn1 Intermetallic Coupling Ordered Mesoporous SnO2 Catalyst
Authors: Xiao Shoukang , Wang Li , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei , Shen Kui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBenzene, toluene, and p‐xylene (BTpX) are among the most important commodity chemicals, but their productions still heavily rely on fossil resources and thus pose serious environmental burdens and energy crisis. Herein, the tandem upgrading of bio‐furans is reported to high‐yield BTpX by rationally constructing a versatile Pt1Sn1 intermetallic coupling ordered‐mesoporous SnO2 (OM‐SnO2) catalyst. It is shown that with increasing reduction temperature from 200 to 350 °C, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are first formed on OM‐SnO2, then converted to Pt3Sn1 intermetallic nanoparticles (iNPs), and finally to Pt1Sn1 iNPs with a gradually‐thickened SnO2 overlayer. Impressively, the Pt1Sn1 iNPs and defect‐rich OM‐SnO2 in the optimized Pt@OM‐SnO2 can serve as the highly‐active species for the hydrogenolysis of 5‐hydroxymethylfuran to 2,5‐dimethylfuran and the aromatization of 2,5‐dimethylfuran with acrylic acid to p‐xylene, affording the highest yields of 99.1% and 96.1%, respectively. More importantly, it can perfectly realize the tandem upgrading of furan, furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfuran to benzene, toluene and p‐xylene with high yields of 94.6%, 94.2% and 95.2%, respectively, representing a new tandem catalytic system to realize the high‐yield BTpX productions from their corresponding bio‐furans. This catalyst also shows good recyclability and excellent scalability, which together with its superior activity/selectivity suggest a high potential for sustainable BTpX productions.