bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectural Modification of Conformal PEG‐Bottlebrush Coatings Minimizes Anti‐PEG Antigenicity While Preserving Stealth Properties
Authors: Joh Daniel Y. , Zimmers Zackary , Avlani Manav , Heggestad Jacob T. , Aydin Hakan B. , Ganson Nancy , Kumar Shourya , Fontes Cassio M. , Achar Rohan K. , Hershfield Michael S. , Hucknall Angus M. , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a linear polymer known for its “stealth” properties, is commonly used to passivate the surface of biomedical implants and devices, and it is conjugated to biologic drugs to improve their pharmacokinetics. However, its antigenicity is a growing concern. Here, the antigenicity of PEG is investigated when assembled in a poly(oligoethylene glycol) methacrylate (POEGMA) “bottlebrush” configuration on a planar surface. Using ethylene glycol (EG) repeat lengths of the POEGMA sidechains as a tunable parameter for optimization, POEGMA brushes with sidechain lengths of two and three EG repeats are identified as the optimal polymer architecture to minimize binding of anti‐PEG antibodies (APAs), while retaining resistance to nonspecific binding by bovine serum albumin and cultured cells. Binding of backbone‐ versus endgroup‐selective APAs to POEGMA brushes is further investigated, and finally the antigenicity of POEGMA coatings is assessed against APA‐positive clinical plasma samples. These results are applied toward fabricating immunoassays on POEGMA surfaces with minimal reactivity toward APAs while retaining a low limit‐of‐detection for the analyte. Taken together, these results offer useful design concepts to reduce the antigenicity of polymer brush‐based surface coatings used in applications involving human or animal matrices.
Surface Immobilized E‐Cadherin Mimetic Peptide Regulates the Adhesion and Clustering of Epithelial Cells
Authors: Li Jie , Di Russo Jacopo , Hua Ximeng , Chu Zhiqin , Spatz Joachim P. , Wei Qiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCadherin mimetic peptides are widely used in synthetic biomaterials to mimic cell–cell adhesion in cell microniches. This mimicry regulates various cell behaviors. Although the interaction between immobilized cadherin and cells is investigated in numerous studies, the exact manner of functioning of cadherin mimetic peptides is yet to be fully understood. Cadherin mimetic peptides mimic only the critical amino acid sequence of cadherin and are not equal to these proteins in function. Compared to the cadherin proteins, mimetic peptides are more stable, easier to fabricate, and exhibit a precise chemical composition. In this study the E‐cadherin mimetic peptide His‐Ala‐Val (HAV) on material surfaces is immobilized and epithelial cell adhesion and clustering are studied. The results suggest that immobilized HAV peptides specifically interact with E‐cadherin on the cell membrane, resulting in an increased expression of E‐cadherin and its downstream signaling protein β‐catenin. This interaction relocates E‐cadherin‐based adhesion from the cell–cell interface to the cell–materials interface, which promotes cell adhesion via mechanosensing and initiates a transition in the cell cluster from a solid‐like to a fluid‐like state. The study presents an overview of the interactions between E‐cadherin mimetic peptide and epithelial cells to aid in the design of novel biomaterials.
A Versatile Theranostic Nanoemulsion for Architecture‐Dependent Multimodal Imaging and Dually Augmented Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Bo Shaowei , Feng Tao , Qin Xialing , Wan Yilin , Jiang Shanshan , Li Chunxiao , Lin Jing , Wang Tianfu , Zhou Xin , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Huang Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo design a clinically translatable nanomedicine for photodynamic theranostics, the ingredients should be carefully considered. A high content of nanocarriers may cause extra toxicity in metabolism, and multiple theranostic agents would complicate the preparation process. These issues would be of less concern if the nanocarrier itself has most of the theranostic functions. In this work, a poly(ethylene glycol)‐boron dipyrromethene amphiphile (PEG‐F54‐BODIPY) with 54 fluorine‐19 (19F) is synthesized and employed to emulsify perfluorohexane (PFH) into a theranostic nanoemulsion (PFH@PEG‐F54‐BODIPY). The as‐prepared PFH@PEG‐F54‐BODIPY can perform architecture‐dependent fluorescence/photoacoustic/19F magnetic resonance multimodal imaging, providing more information about the in vivo structure evolution of nanomedicine. Importantly, this nanoemulsion significantly enhances the therapeutic effect of BODIPY through both the high oxygen dissolving capability and less self‐quenching of BODIPY molecules. More interestingly, PFH@PEG‐F54‐BODIPY shows high level of tumor accumulation and long tumor retention time, allowing a repeated light irradiation after a single‐dose intravenous injection. The “all‐in‐one” photodynamic theranostic nanoemulsion has simple composition, remarkable theranostic efficacy, and novel treatment pattern, and thus presents an intriguing avenue to developing clinically translatable theranostic agents.
Achieving Persistent, Efficient, and Robust Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Pure Organics for Versatile Applications
Authors: He Zihan , Gao Heqi , Zhang Shitong , Zheng Shuyuan , Wang Yunzhong , Zhao Zihao , Ding Dan , Yang Bing , Zhang Yongming , Yuan Wang Zhang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPure organic persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) under ambient conditions is attractive but challenging due to the slow intersystem crossing process and susceptibility of triplet excitons. Fabrication of pure organic RTP luminogens with simultaneously high efficiency and ultralong lifetime still remains a daunting job, owing to their conflicting requirements for the T1 nature of (n,π*) and (π,π*) characteristics, respectively. Herein, a group of amide‐based derivatives with efficient p‐RTP is developed through the incorporation of spin–orbital‐coupling‐promoting groups of carbonyl and aromatic π units, giving impressive p‐RTP with lifetime and efficiency of up to 710.6 ms and 10.2%, respectively. Furthermore, two of the luminogens demonstrate intense p‐RTP after vigorous mechanical stimulation, indicating their robust nature, which is rarely encountered. Efficient and robust p‐RTP even in the amorphous state endows them promising potential for encryption and bioimaging with facile fabrication processes. A bioimaging study with live mice indicates that such highly robust p‐RTP is tremendously beneficial for in vivo afterglow imaging with an ultrahigh signal‐to‐background ratio of 428. These results strongly imply the possibility of realizing efficient and robust p‐RTP from pure organics even without meticulous protection, thus paving the way to their promising and versatile applications.
High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors Based on αP and βP
Authors: Montes Enrique , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe electronic properties of black and blue phosphorus nanoribbons are investigated, which enables the proposal of junction‐free field‐effect transistors that comprise metallic armchair nanoribbons as electrodes and, in between, a semiconducting zigzag nanoribbon as channel material (cut out of a single sheet of monolayer black or blue phosphorus). Using first‐principles calculations and the nonequilibrium Green's function method, the proposed field‐effect transistors are characterized. It is found that it is possible to achieve outstanding performance, with high on/off ratios, low subthreshold swings, and high transconductances.
Low f‐Number Diffraction‐Limited Pancharatnam–Berry Microlenses Enabled by Plasmonic Photopatterning of Liquid Crystal Polymers
Authors: Jiang Miao , Guo Yubing , Yu Hao , Zhou Ziyuan , Turiv Taras , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Wei Qi‐Huo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrolenses are desired by a wide range of industrial applications while it is always challenging to make them with diffraction‐limited quality. Here, it is shown that high‐quality microlenses based on Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phases can be made with liquid crystal polymers by using a plasmonic photopatterning technique. Based on the generalized Snell's law for the PB phases, PB microlenses with a range of focal lengths and f‐numbers are designed and fabricated and their point‐spread functions and ability to image micrometer‐sized particles are carefully characterized. The results show that these PB microlenses with f‐number down to 2 are all diffraction‐limited. The capability of arraying these PB microlenses with 100% filling factor with a step‐and‐flash approach is further demonstrated.
Intrinsic Negative Magnetoresistance in Van Der Waals FeNbTe2 Single Crystals
Authors: Bai Wei , Hu Zhongqiang , Wang Sheng , Hua Yang , Sun Zhe , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMagnetoresistance, the dependence of resistivity on the applied magnetic field, provides the opportunity to manipulate and utilize the electronic spin degree of freedom, which is not only a long‐term frontier field of solid‐state physics but also the cornerstone of information storage technology. However, the negative magnetoresistance (nMR) is a relatively rare case of magnetoresistance in which the microscopic origin is still elusive and for which it is difficult to define a general interpretation. Herein, an experimental case of an intrinsic unsaturated nMR is demonstrated in van der Waals FeNbTe2 single crystal. The clear‐cut evidence in angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the electronic transport measurement, and DC/AC magnetic susceptibility confirms that the intrinsic unsaturated nMR is derived from the comprehensive effect of Anderson localization and a spin glass state. Taking into consideration that intrinsic unsaturated nMR has so far been rarely reported, especially in van der Waals structures, it is anticipated that this work will not only lead to a deep understanding of the inherent microcosmic mechanism but will also serve as a guide to broaden the research of spintronics and information storage based on magnetoresistance.
Metal‐Guided Selective Growth of 2D Materials: Demonstration of a Bottom‐Up CMOS Inverter
Authors: Chiu Ming‐Hui , Tang Hao‐Ling , Tseng Chien‐Chih , Han Yimo , Aljarb Areej , Huang Jing‐Kai , Wan Yi , Fu Jui‐Han , Zhang Xixiang , Chang Wen‐Hao , Muller David A. , Takenobu Taishi , Tung Vincent , Li Lain‐Jong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layered materials are promising for future electronic and optoelectronic applications. The realization of large‐area electronics and circuits strongly relies on wafer‐scale, selective growth of quality 2D TMDs. Here, a scalable method, namely, metal‐guided selective growth (MGSG), is reported. The success of control over the transition‐metal‐precursor vapor pressure, the first concurrent growth of two dissimilar monolayer TMDs, is demonstrated in conjunction with lateral or vertical TMD heterojunctions at precisely desired locations over the entire wafer in a single chemical vapor deposition (VCD) process. Owing to the location selectivity, MGSG allows the growth of p‐ and n‐type TMDs with spatial homogeneity and uniform electrical performance for circuit applications. As a demonstration, the first bottom‐up complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor inverter based on p‐type WSe2 and n‐type MoSe2 is achieved, which exhibits a high and reproducible voltage gain of 23 with little dependence on position.
Spectral Tuning of High Order Plasmonic Resonances in Multimodal Film‐Coupled Crystalline Cavities
Authors: Kumar Upkar , Cuche Aurélien , Sharma Jadab , Moreau Antoine , Colas des Francs Gérard , Girard Christian , Dujardin Erik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSub‐micrometric and ultrathin gold cavities sustain several high order planar plasmon resonances in the visible to near‐infrared spectral window that open new perspectives for the realization of self‐assembled metasurfaces or integrated components for nano‐optics. This article investigates in detail the far‐field spectral features of these multimodal crystalline gold nanoprisms, deposited on either dielectric (glass) or metallic substrates (Au, Al) by dark‐field scattering spectroscopy. Relying on the computation of the plasmonic density of states, the signature of each planar resonance is de‐convoluted from the experimental global response of single cavities as a function of the cavity size and the substrate nature. The redshifting dispersion of each resonance is extracted from this decomposition analysis and agrees with predictions from a Green dyadic method based numerical tool. In addition, in the presence of a metallic film, a characteristic redshift or blueshift of the global response is observed for each cavity that results from a metal‐specific redistribution of the resonances. The fine spectral tuning of high order plasmonic resonances achieved here reveals the potential of the metal–insulator–metal gap geometry for a static modal engineering within ultrathin gold cavities.
Tunable Halide Perovskites for Miniaturized Solid‐State Laser Applications
Authors: Liao Qing , Jin Xue , Fu Hongbing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites have shown great potential in optoelectronic applications, such as a record photovoltaic efficiency of 23.3%, and an achievement of external quantum efficiency beyond 20% in perovskite light‐emitting diodes, as well as other promising demonstrations of light‐emitting transistors and photodetectors. Moreover, the extraordinary optoelectronic properties of optical absorption, high photoluminescence quantum yield, low non‐radiative recombination rates, large and balanced charge‐carrier mobilities, and high gain coefficients extend their applications into the coherent light sources (laser) field. However, although halide perovskites have made great progress, the realization of solid‐state electrically pumped lasers has not been achieved yet. This review starts with a discussion of the structure, optical properties, and gain behaviors of various perovskite materials. Then, the rapid advances of perovskite‐based laser applications are reviewed, in which they are mainly classified into three sections: optically pumping lasers, strong‐coupling lasers, and continuous‐wave pumped lasers. Finally, the conclusions and some remaining challenges for perovskite electrically driven lasers are highlighted.
Bright Blue Light‐Emitting Doped Cesium Bromide Nanocrystals: Alternatives of Lead‐Free Perovskite Nanocrystals for White LEDs
Authors: Yang Zhiwen , Jiang Zhao , Liu Xinyi , Zhou Xiaochuan , Zhang Jianhua , Li Wanwan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLead‐based perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising candidates for use in lighting and display applications; however, the toxicity of lead is one critical issue that needs to be solved for its commercialization. Consequently, less toxic tin and bismuth‐based perovskite NCs have been developed, but these materials exhibit low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and large full width at half maximum (FWHM) values. Due to their similarity in size for Eu2+ and Pb2+, the more environmental‐friendly europium shows the potential to replace lead. Herein, the synthesis of Eu2+ doped CsBr NCs with an average size of 51.5 nm via a facile hot‐injection method is reported. The prepared CsBr:Eu2+ NCs exhibit an emission peak at 440 nm with an FWHM of 31 nm and PLQY up to 32.8%, which is persistent for at least 60 d. Moreover, the size and FWHM of CsBr:Eu2+ NCs can be tuned to 18.9 and 29 nm, respectively, by co‐doping of Ca2+ ions into the NCs. It is also demonstrated that the prepared CsBr:Eu2+ NCs can be employed as efficient color conversion materials for fabricating white light‐emitting diodes.
Solvent‐Free Luminous Molecular Liquids
Authors: Lu Fengniu , Nakanishi Takashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSolvent‐free luminous molecular liquids (LMLs) are a new generation of soft matter which exhibit uncharged, nonvolatile, and fluidic nature and emit intense and homogeneous luminescence in the condensed state. They can be produced readily on the gram scale by modifying luminophores with bulky, flexible, and low‐melting side chains. Their performance can be facilely enriched by blending them with commercially available functional substances. Therefore, since their active optoelectronic properties were perceived a decade ago, LMLs have been regarded as promising contributing components in the burgeoning field of flexible and wearable light‐emitting devices. Recently, richer insights into LMLs have triggered various new applications. Additionally, unexpected phase behavior and photophysical properties have been discovered coincidentally. Therefore, the sensible and sophisticated molecular design principles of LMLs are still being augmented to guarantee predictable, steady, and consistent end‐use performance. This review summarizes the latest developments in LMLs, including molecular design principles, regulation and enrichment of their photophysical properties, and their versatile applications. Additionally, a prediction of the perspectives of LMLs in the near future is presented at the end.
Electrochemical ipso‐Thiocyanation of Arylboron Compounds
Authors: Dyga Marco , Hayrapetyan Davit , Rit Raja K. , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn operationally simple electrochemical method for the transition‐metal‐free ipso‐thiocyanation of arylboronic acids and aryl trifluoroborates has been developed. The SCN electrophile is generated in situ by anodic oxidation of thiocyanate anions, which avoids formation of salt waste and prevents unwanted side reactions arising from chemical oxidants. The reaction proceeds regiospecifically, and the scope extends to non‐activated aromatic systems.magnified image
The stillbirth sex ratio as a marker of population health among live‐born males in Denmark, 1835‐1923
Authors: Bruckner Tim A. , Singh Parvati , Mortensen Laust H. , Løkke Anne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe know little about whether an elevated stillbirth sex ratio (ratio of male to female stillbirths) gauges stronger selection in utero against frail male gestations and therefore predicts greater male infant survival. An alternative scenario could involve a “low endowment” case in which pregnancy cohorts show both excess male stillbirths and elevated mortality risk among male live births. We exploit the longest sex‐specific stillbirth series (Denmark, 1835‐1923) to explore whether annual deviations in age‐specific male mortality vary with the annual cohort's stillbirth sex ratio.MethodsWe applied autoregressive, integrated, moving average time series methods to annual counts of age‐specific male mortality in Denmark. We derived the independent variable, the stillbirth sex ratio, from only late stillbirths (ie, 28th week and thereafter) owing to data availability. Methods control for secular patterns as well as shared antecedents of male and female mortality.ResultsCohort male infant mortality varies positively with the stillbirth sex ratio (coef = 0.0081, standard error [SE] = 0.0019, P < 0.001). This positive relation persists into childhood (ie, ages 1‐4.99 years) but attenuates with age.DiscussionWe infer support for the “low endowment” argument in that high stillbirth sex ratios predict a relatively greater risk of mortality among males which ultimately survive to birth. These findings provide evidence that the stillbirth sex ratio may serve as a marker of population health among male cohorts.
A Japanese patient with RAD51‐associated Fanconi anemia
Authors: Takenaka Satoshi , Kuroda Yukiko , Ohta Sayaka , Mizuno Yoko , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Miyatake Satoko , Matsumoto Naomichi , Oka Akira 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRAD51 is the only identified autosomal dominant gene to date causative of Fanconi anemia (FA) due to dominant negative effects. Only two patients with RAD51‐associated FA have been reported with atypical FA phenotypes without bone marrow failure. We describe a new Asian patient with a novel RAD51 mutation, presenting with multiple congenital anomalies and atypical FA with chromosomal instability. The patient was a 9‐year‐old Japanese girl. She had strabismus, myopia, submucous cleft palate, bilateral hearing impairment, and scoliosis. She also had growth retardation, developmental delay, and severe intellectual disability. We performed trio whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing and identified a de novo RAD51 mutation (c.725A>G, p.Gln242Arg). Isolated lymphocytes from the patient were hypersensitive to chromosomal breakage induced by the DNA cross‐linking agent, mitomycin C. Our detailed phenotypic analysis of the RAD51‐associated atypical FA revealed clinical manifestations from the diverse population and a consistent FA phenotype characterized by chromosome instability, intellectual disability, radial ray abnormality, and microcephaly, but not bone marrow failure.
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor Assay: Further Improvement of the Standard Method Approved and Reapproved by American Oil Chemists’ Society and American Association of Cereal Chemists International
Authors: Liu Keshun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor measuring trypsin inhibitor (TI) activities in soybean products, the current standard method, approved and reapproved by American Oil Chemists Society (Method Ba 12‐75) and American Association of Cereal Chemists International (Method 22‐40.01), features mixing trypsin with a series of inhibitor levels and then adding a substrate to start the colorimetric reaction. Yet, previous studies have shown flaws with the method, particularly with using several inhibitor levels and the sequence of adding the substrate last. The present study showed that with varying levels of dilution and volumes of a dilute sample extract, the pH of the premix (the mixture of a dilute sample extract and trypsin solution) ranged 3.30–3.60 for raw soy flour, and 3.20–6.70 for toasted soy. Within these premix pH ranges, the standard method of adding substrate last would give TI values equal to or less than those measured by the same method except for adding the enzyme last. The standard method was subsequently improved by using a single sample extract level and the enzyme‐last sequence. Other modifications included making stock solutions for reagents, adding Ca2+ to the trypsin solution, diluting sample extracts to a level that causes 30–70% of inhibition, and running both reference and sample blanks for better controls. Alternatively, the full volume assay (10 mL total, as in the standard method) was further modified by using half the volume of each reagent with the same concentration. Compared to the standard method, the improved methods gave more consistent results when assaying 11 selected soy products. The half volume (5 mL) and full volume methods gave the same results, but the former could increase assay sensitivity and reduce amounts of reagents used.