bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of superhydrophilic nanosilica/polyacrylate hard coatings on plastic substrate for antifogging and frost‐resistant applications
Authors: Chang Chao‐Ching , Lin Zi‐Min , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA series of photosensitive hydrophilic agents (T20) comprising Tween‐20, isophorone diisocyanate, and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate moieties were synthesized and used in the preparation of antifog/frost resistant (AFF) hard coatings on plastic substrates. By means of a hydrophilic/hydrophobic bilayer design, the prepared coatings demonstrated not only AFF property but also water resistibility. The bottom layer is an organic–inorganic composite consisting of SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in a polymeric network of crosslinked dipentaethritol hexaacrylate. The AFF layer incorporates T20 in the formulations and links covalently with the bottom layer through a UV‐curing polymerization process. Various methods, for example, FTIR, SEM, contact angle, and steam/defrosting tests, were employed to characterize the prepared coatings. Optimally, the coatings were found to be transparent, strong (4H, pencil hardness), adhering perfectly (level 5B) to the poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate, and could be soaked in water for 24 h at 25 °C without losing hydrophilicity (contact angle ~0°) or antifogging capability. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48144.
Monitoring effect of transparency: How does government environmental disclosure facilitate corporate environmentalism?
Authors: Sun Daxin , Zeng Saixing , Chen Hongquan , Meng Xiaohua , Jin Zhizhou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental information transparency is a key policy instrument in environmental governance, which has been emphasized in most of the literature. Although a large body of research has focused on its role at the national or industrial level in the developed countries, few studies have extended it to emerging economies and tested its role in the subnational context. In this paper, we have empirically examined how government environmental disclosure shapes corporate environmentalism in the context of China. It is argued that the information transparency of government environmental disclosure can promote corporate environmentalism by providing supports for governments' decision‐making of environmental governance, the activeness of environmental nongovernment organizations, and the participation of general public in environmental issues. Especially, we have highlighted two kinds of influences on focal relationship: booster role of bureaucratic capability in the diffusion of environmental institutional pressure and receiver role of organization slack and industrial competition in the perception of environmental institutional pressure. Using a panel dataset of Chinese publicly listed firms from 2008 to 2015, a positive relationship between government's environmental information transparency and corporate environmentalism is found. In addition, our result has shown that this relationship will be stronger for regions where government bureaucracy capabilities are stronger. This study contributes to understanding of the process of firms' strategic choice facing environmental and institutional changes in emerging economies.
Understanding optical reflectance contrast for real‐time characterization of epithelial precursor lesions
Authors: Chen Si , Ge Xin , Liu Xinyu , Ding Qianshan , Wang Nanshuo , Wang Xianghong , Chen Shufen , Liang Haitao , Deng Yunchao , Xiong Qiaozhou , Ni Guangming , Bo En , Xu Chenjie , Yu Honggang , Liu Linbo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDetecting early‐stage epithelial cancers and their precursor lesions are challenging as lesions could be subtle and focally or heterogeneously distributed over large mucosal areas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) that enables wide‐field imaging of subsurface microstructures in vivo is a promising screening tool for epithelial diseases. However, its diagnostic capability has not been fully appreciated since the optical reflectance contrast is poorly understood. We investigated the back‐scattered intensities from clustered or packed nanometer scale intracellular scatterers using finite‐difference time‐domain method and 1‐μm resolution form of OCT, and uncovered that there existed correlations between the reflectance contrasts and the ultrastructural clustering or packing states of these scatterers, which allows us to interpret the physiological state of the cells. Specifically, both polarized goblet cells and foveolar cells exhibited asymmetric reflectance contrast, but they could be differentiated by the optical intensity of the mucin cup due to the different ultrastructural make‐ups of the mucin granules; keratinocytes could demonstrate varied cytoplasmic intensity and their cytoplasmic contrast was closely correlated with the packing state of keratin filaments. Further preliminary study demonstrated that these new understandings of OCT image contrast enables the characterization of precancerous lesions, which could complement the current morphology‐based criteria in realizing “virtual histology” and would have a profound impact for the screening and surveillance of epithelial cancers.
Leader cell PLCγ1 activation during keratinocyte collective migration is induced by EGFR localization and clustering
Authors: Kim Chloe S. , Yang Xinhai , Jacobsen Sarah , Masters Kristyn S. , Kreeger Pamela K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRe‐epithelialization is a critical step in wound healing and results from the collective migration of keratinocytes. Previous work demonstrated that immobilized, but not soluble, epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in leader cell‐specific activation of phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) in HaCaT keratinocytes, and that this PLCγ1 activation was necessary to drive persistent cell migration. To determine the mechanism responsible for wound edge‐localized PLCγ1 activation, we examined differences in cell area, cell–cell interactions, and EGF receptor (EGFR) localization between wound edge and bulk cells treated with vehicle, soluble EGF, or immobilized EGF. Our results support a multistep mechanism where EGFR translocation from the lateral membrane to the basolateral/basal membrane allows clustering in response to immobilized EGF. This analysis of factors regulating PLCγ1 activation is a crucial step toward developing therapies or wound dressings capable of modulating this signal and, consequently, cell migration.
Diagnostic value of CA‐153 and CYFRA 21‐1 in predicting intraocular metastasis in patients with metastatic lung cancer
Authors: Lin Qi , Chen Xuan‐Yin , Liu Wen‐Feng , Zhu Pei‐Wen , Shi Wen‐Qing , Li Biao , Yuan Qing , Min You‐Lan , Liu Jia‐Ming , Shao Yi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLung cancer is prone to metastasis to various organs. Although intraocular metastasis (IOM) occurs at a later stage than metastasis to other organs, it often adversely affects the quality of life and suggests a poor prognosis. In this study, we selected 1608 patients with lung cancer who had metastasis to at least one site and explored clinical differences between those with IOM and non‐IOM (NIOM). An independent t test and chi‐squared test were used to analyze the clinical features of the patients. The statistically significant parameters were analyzed by binary logistic regression to determine the risk factors for IOM. A receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess their diagnostic value in IOM. The results showed that no significant differences were noted in age, gender, and pathological type between the IOM and NIOM groups. However, the IOM group had higher levels of alpha‐fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen (CA)‐125, CA‐153, cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21‐1), and total prostate‐specific antigen, compared with the NIOM group. Binary logistic regression indicated that CA‐153 and CYFRA 21‐1 were risk factors for IOM in patients with MLC (P < 0.05). Area under the curve of CA‐153, CYFRA 21‐1 and their combination were 0.791, 0.860, and 0.872 respectively. The cutoff values for CA‐153 and CYFRA 21‐1 were 22.2 U/mL and 6.785 ng/mL. In conclusion, both CA‐153 and CYFRA 21‐1 were independent risk factors for IOM in patients with metastatic lung cancer (MLC), whereas the combination of CA‐153 and CYFRA 21‐1 assessment yields the most value in the detection of IOM in patients with MLC.
Early death in Munchausen syndrome: A case report
Authors: Di Lorenzo Rosaria , Lannocca Ludovica , Burattini Maritea , Vasta Andrea , Galletti Martina , Minarini Alessandro , Mongelli Francesca , Sportiello Salvatore , Rovesti Sergio , Ferri Paola 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis case contributes to raising awareness and understanding of the complex clinical presentations of Munchausen syndrome (MS). Education of staff to the seriousness and genuineness of this disorder should be implemented, especially in hospital units, in order to detect such complex clinical situations quickly and accurately, preventing iatrogenic risks.
A Diethyleneglycol‐Pyrene‐Modified Ru(II) Catalyst for the Design of Buckypaper Bioelectrodes and the Wiring of Glucose Dehydrogenases
Authors: Fritea Luminita , Gross Andrew J. , Reuillard Bertrand , Gorgy Karine , Cosnier Serge , Le Goff Alan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel water‐soluble Ru complex bearing phenanthrolinequinone ligands, diethyleneglycol linkers and pyrene anchoring groups was synthesized. Electrical wiring of NAD‐ and FAD‐dehydrogenases is demonstrated via NADH oxidation and mediated electron transfer respectively. Bioelectrocatalysis is facilitated by the flexible and hydrophilic diethyleneglycol groups, and strong binding of pyrene groups with the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of the electrodes. Furthermore, owing to the surfactant properties of the PEG‐modified complex, high quality CNT dispersions were obtained for homogeneous buckypaper preparation.
Rationally Designed Heterojunction on a CuBi2O4 Photocathode for Improved Activity and Stability during Photoelectrochemical Water Reduction
Authors: Wei Shenqi , Xu Na , Li Feng , Long Xuefeng , Hu Yiping , Gao Lili , Wang Chenglong , Li Shuwen , Ma Jiantai , Jin Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCuBi2O4 (CBO) is a promising photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water reduction, whereas the disadvantages of poor stability and severe charge recombination still hinder its application. In response, we designed a stabilized, efficient CBO/ZnSe/P25 (CBO/ZS/P25) photocathode with the CBO film modified by ZS and P25. As a result, this novel photocathode exhibited an outstanding current density of 0.43 mA/cm2, more than twice that of CBO. Systematic studies reveal that the high performance is attributed to heterojunction formation between ZS and P25, high electron mobility of ZS and hole extraction capacity of CBO. Besides, P25 protective layer can effectively blocks contact with the electrolyte and enhance the stability (retained nearly 90 % of the photocurrent after testing 5000s). Therefore, our results can provide an efficient strategy to design high performance CBO‐based photocathode material.
Dyads of G‐Quadruplex Ligands Triggering DNA Damage Response and Tumour Cell Growth Inhibition at Subnanomolar Concentration
Authors: Doria Filippo , Salvati Erica , Pompili Luca , Pirota Valentina , D'Angelo Carmen , Manoli Francesco , Nadai Matteo , Richter Sara N. , Biroccio Annamaria , Manet Ilse , Freccero Mauro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNaphthalene diimide (NDI) dyads exhibiting a different substitution pattern and linker length have been synthesised and evaluated as G‐quadruplex (G4) ligands, by investigating their cytotoxicity in selected cell lines. The dyads with the long C7 linker exhibit extremely low IC50 values, below 10 nm, on different cancer cell lines. Contrary, the dyads with the shorter C4 linker were much less effective, with IC values increasing up to 1 μm. Among the three dyads with the longest linker, small differences in the IC50 values emerge, suggesting that the linker length plays a more important role than the substitution pattern. We have further shown that the dyads are able to induce cellular DNA damage response, which is not limited to the telomeric regions and is likely the origin of their cytotoxicity. Both absorption titration and dynamic light scattering of the most cytotoxic dyads in the presence of hTel22 highlight their ability to induce effective G4 aggregation, acting as non‐covalent cross‐linking agents.
Fluid model of the positive column in argon‐oxygen direct current glow discharge
Authors: Laca Marek , Kaňka Adolf , Schmiedt Lukáš , Hrachová Věra , Morávek Matěj Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe positive column of argon‐oxygen direct current (DC) glow discharge was investigated using a fluid model at pressures of around 410 Pa and discharge currents from 10 to 40 mA. The model was used to study the influence of an oxygen admixture on the properties of argon discharge. The simulated intensity of the electric field strength was compared with measured values at 5% and 100% of oxygen concentration. The one‐dimensional model in a cylindrical tube is based on the drift‐diffusion approximation of particle flux and the mean‐electron‐energy approximation is used to describe the electron interaction. The model takes into account the radial profile of particle concentration, the neutral gas kinetic temperature profile, and interactions with the wall in the cylindrical glass discharge tube. It was shown that 2% of the oxygen admixture causes a significant increase in longitudinal electric field strength and gas heating.
Heart rate variability and anxious arousal: Unique relations with sleep‐related problems in stress‐exposed adolescents
Authors: Scott Brandon G. , Alfano Candice A. , Russell Justin D. , Weems Carl F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSleep‐related problems (SRPs) among adolescents are a growing concern. Theory and research suggest that emotional arousal may have cyclical relation with SRPs, but whether emotional dysregulation plays a role is not clear. We investigated associations between two physiological indices of emotion regulation (video baseline heart rate variability and change in heart rate variability to a stressor) and SRPs in a sample of 80 adolescents (ages 11–17 years; 51% female; 37.5% African American). The findings showed a negative relation between video baseline heart rate variability and SRPs, controlling for non‐sleep‐related anxiety disorder symptoms (β = −0.29) and general manifest anxiety (β = −0.25). We found no relation between change in heart rate variability to a stressor and SRPs when non‐sleep‐related anxious arousal was controlled. If replicated, findings illustrate the importance of physiological regulation of emotion influencing (or influenced by) SRPs during adolescence.
Cdc42 activation by endothelin regulates neural crest cell migration in the cardiac outflow tract
Authors: Fritz Katrina R. , Zhang Yanping , Ruest L. Bruno 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cardiovascular malformations are the most common birth defects affecting children. Several of these defects occur in structures developing from neural crest cells. One of the key signaling pathways regulating cardiac neural crest cell (CNCC) development involves the endothelin‐A receptor (Ednra). However, the exact function of Ednra signaling in CNCC is unknown.ResultsThe fate mapping of CNCC in Ednra embryos indicated that the migration of these cells is aberrant in the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), but not in the pharyngeal arches. This premature arrest of CNCC migration occurs independently of CNCC proliferation and apoptosis changes and major gene expression changes. Analysis of the Rho family of small GTPases in the mutant embryos revealed that Cdc42 failed to localize normally in the CNCC migrating in the OFT. The inhibition of Cdc42 activity in cultured embryos recapitulated the migratory phenotype observed in Ednra mice. Further analyses revealed that Cdc42 is part of the signaling pathway activated by endothelin specifically in OFT CNCC to control their migration.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the activation of Cdc42 by endothelin signaling is important for CNCC migration in the OFT but this pathway is not involved in mandibular or pharyngeal arch artery patterning.
A nonnative habitat‐former mitigates native habitat loss for endemic reef fishes
Authors: Barrett Luke T. , Dempster Tim , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnimals that select the best available habitats are most likely to succeed in degraded environments, but ecological change can create evolutionarily unfamiliar habitats that may be under‐ or over‐utilized by native fauna. In temperate coastal waters, eutrophication and grazing have driven a global decline in native seaweeds and facilitated the establishment of nonnative seaweeds that provide novel macrophyte habitat. We tested whether a nonnative kelp canopy (wakame Undaria pinnatifida) functions as a viable habitat or ecological trap for several endemic reef fishes on urchin‐grazed reefs in southern Australia. We assessed the willingness of fish to utilize native vs. wakame kelp canopy via a laboratory habitat choice experiment and by recording natural recruitment to specially constructed boulder reefs with manipulated kelp canopy. We also compared fish communities on natural reefs using a before‐after‐control‐impact survey of wakame patches, and to assess the quality of wakame habitat for resident fish, compared fitness metrics for fish collected from habitats with native vs. wakame kelp canopy. Endemic fishes did not distinguish between the native or wakame canopy but preferred both to barren reef habitats. On urchin‐grazed natural reefs, fish occurred in higher abundance and diversity where seasonal wakame canopy was present. Fitness metrics in fish collected from wakame patches were comparable to those in fish from adjacent native kelp patches. These findings indicate that the nonnative canopy provides a viable habitat for endemic fish and may play a role in sustaining native fauna populations in this degraded ecosystem. More broadly, we recommend that managers consider the role of nonnative habitats within the context of environmental change, as endemic fauna may benefit from nonnative habitat‐formers in areas where their native counterparts cannot persist.
Long‐term variation in environmental conditions influences host–parasite fitness
Authors: Musgrave Karen , Bartlow Andrew W. , Fair Jeanne M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong‐term data on host and parasite fitness are important for predicting how host–parasite interactions will be altered in an era of global change. Here, we use data collected from 1997 to 2013 to explore effects of changing environmental conditions on bird–blowfly interactions in northern New Mexico. The objectives of this study were to examine what climate variables influence blowfly prevalence and intensity and to determine whether blowflies and climate variables affect bird fledging success. We examined how temperature, precipitation, and drought affect two parasitic blowflies and their hosts, Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) and Ash‐throated Flycatchers (Myiarchus cinerascens). We found that blowfly prevalence did not change over time. Blowfly intensity increased over time in bluebird nests, but not in flycatcher nests. More blowflies result in slightly higher fledging success in bluebirds, but not flycatchers. There was a significant interaction between blowflies and precipitation on bluebird fledging success. For flycatchers, there was a significant interaction between blowflies and temperature and between blowflies and drought severity on fledging success. Given that the southwest is projected to be hotter and have more frequent and prolonged droughts, we predict that flycatchers may be negatively impacted by blowflies if these trends continue. Future work should focus on investigating the role of both blowflies and climate on fledging success. Climate patterns may negatively impact host fitness through altered parasite pressure.
Nitrogen doping of carbon nanoballoons by radiofrequency magnetron plasma and evaluation of their oxygen reduction reaction activity
Authors: Takahashi Ryota , Harigai Toru , Tanimoto Tsuyoshi , Takikawa Hirofumi , Setaka Toshiya , Nakamura Junji , Suda Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon materials exhibit a catalytic activity, such as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, we performed nitrogen doping on a carbon nanoballoon (CNB), which is a nanometer‐sized carbon particle in the form of a hollow sphere made of graphite by radiofrequency (RF) magnetron plasma in a gas mixture of nitrogen and helium. Nitrogen‐doped CNBs (N‐doped CNBs) were prepared by different plasma irradiation conditions: the sample installation positions, input powers, and irradiation times. The samples were examined for chemical state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hydrodynamic voltammetry was used for the evaluation of the catalytic activity of a N‐doped CNB with a pyridinic N concentration of 0.4‐1.0 at.%. As a result, the onset potential was measured to be 0.13 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), which was close to the previously reported data of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) with a pyridinic N concentration of 0.57 at.%, which was prepared by annealing under NH3.
High‐resolution biomonitoring of plant pathogens and plant species using metabarcoding of pollen pellet contents collected from a honey bee hive
Authors: Tremblay Émilie D. , Duceppe Marc‐Olivier , Thurston Graham B. , Gagnon Marie‐Claude , Côté Marie‐José , Bilodeau Guillaume J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Canadian beekeeping industry is spread across the country, with the greatest proportion of managed honey bee colonies occurring in the Prairie Provinces. Nationally, the number of beekeepers has recently been trending upwards. Simultaneously, agronomic and environmental plant pest incidents are increasing due to a number of factors, including the introduction of exotic organisms through international trade, which is a major pathway for the introduction of potentially invasive alien species and quarantine pests. Therefore, regulatory agencies are interested in developing high‐throughput tools to achieve earlier detection of unwanted species in order to expedite application of mitigating measures to limit the impacts of their introduction. This study evaluates the potential of pollen pellet contents collected by honey bees to monitor plant pests using metabarcoding, a high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) approach for monitoring complex environmental samples. The study used the ITS1 intergenic region to target oomycetes and fungi, the ATP9‐NAD9 spacer to specifically target Phytophthora species, and the ITS2 region to target plant species. From the HTS results, a number of plants that were detected corresponded to known hosts of certain pathogens or species closely related to potentially invasive plant species. Genera including phytopathogenic species found in the pollen samples comprised Fusarium sp., Ophiostoma sp., Peronospora sp., Phytophthora sp., and Pythium sp. Correlations, high entropy, and co‐occurrences between certain plants and oomycetes or fungi were observed. The potential for using honey bee‐collected pollen pellets to study phytopathogens in a given environment is demonstrated here, and this concept could represent a promising complementary tool for the surveillance of phytopathogens or unwanted plants with previously described air and insect sampling methods if the protocol was applied with additional genetic markers.