bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hamburger Sterbefälle unter häuslicher Verwahrlosung vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Laudien Caroline , Püschel Klaus , Friedrich Peter , Ondruschka Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ziel der Studie war es, demografische Informationen zu einer bislang wenig beachteten Gruppe Verstorbener zu erfassen und zu analysieren, inwiefern die COVID-19-Pandemie ihr Leben und Sterben beeinflusst hat.

Methode
Menschen, die 2019 und 2021 in Hamburg in verwahrlosten Verhältnissen zu Hause verstarben, wurden anhand der Ermittlungsakten des Landeskriminalamtes Hamburg identifiziert. Diese Fälle wurden in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht, Nationalität, Auffindungsumstände, Wohnsituation, Leichenzustand, Substanzabusus und ärztliche Behandlung verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Einschlusskriterien der Studie erfüllten 468 Verstorbene; von ihnen waren 77,1 % männlich, das Durchschnittsalter lag mit 64 Jahren deutlich unter der durchschnittlichen Lebenserwartung der deutschen Bevölkerung. Alleinlebend waren 90,6 % der Personen, 36,9 % zeigten Hinweise auf Substanzabusus, und nur 33,8 % wiesen Anzeichen medizinischer Versorgung auf.
Die COVID-19-Pandemie zeigte hier keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Betroffenen, wobei Arztkontakte und damit verbundene ärztliche Behandlungen während der Pandemie seltener verzeichnet wurden.

Diskussion
Der geringe pandemiebedingte Einfluss erklärt sich durch die bereits vor den Lockdowns und Quarantänemaßnahmen vorherrschende soziale Isolation dieser Gruppe. Die Ergebnisse werfen jedoch grundlegende Fragen zu Identifikation und Erreichbarkeit dieser Gruppe sowie zu möglichen Interventionsstrategien auf. Eine enge und produktive Zusammenarbeit von sozialpsychiatrischem Dienst, Sozialbehörde, Polizei und Rechtsmedizin könnte hier von relevanter Bedeutung sein.

Fazit
Die Studie beleuchtet eine isolierte, zahlenmäßig bedeutsame Personengruppe, die unter unwürdigen Bedingungen und oft zu früh in einer deutschen Großstadt stirbt.
Neurodegeneration in the cortical sulcus is a feature of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and associated with repetitive head impacts
Authors: Nicks Raymond , Shah Arsal , Stathas Spiro Anthony , Kirsch Daniel , Horowitz Sarah M. , Saltiel Nicole , Calderazzo Samantha M. , Butler Morgane L. M. D. , Cormier Kerry A. , Aytan Nurgul , Tu-Zahra Fatima , Mathias Rebecca , Faheem Farwa , Marcus Suzie , Spurlock Elizabeth , Fishbein Lucas , Esnault Camille D. , Boden Alexandra , Rosen Grace , Xia Weiming , Daley Sarah , Meng Gaoyuan , Martin Brett R. , Daneshvar Daniel H. , Nowinski Christopher J. , Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , Tripodis Yorghos , Huber Bertrand R. , Alvarez Victor E. , Cherry Jonathan D. , McKee Ann C. , Stein Thor D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeurodegeneration is a seminal feature of many neurological disorders. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is caused by repetitive head impacts (RHI) and is characterized by sulcal tau pathology. However, quantitative assessments of regional neurodegeneration in CTE have not been described. In this study, we quantified three key neurodegenerative measures, including cortical thickness, neuronal density, and synaptic proteins, in contact sport athletes (n = 185) and non-athlete controls (n = 52) within the sulcal depth, middle, and gyral crest of the dorsolateral frontal cortex. Cortical thickness and neuronal density were decreased within the sulcus in CTE compared to controls (p’s < 0.05). Measurements of synaptic proteins within the gyral crest showed a reduction of α-synuclein with CTE stage (p = 0.002) and variable changes in PSD-95 density. After adjusting for age, multiple linear regression models demonstrated a strong association between the duration of contact sports play and cortical thinning (p = 0.001) and neuronal loss (p = 0.032) within the sulcus. Additional regression models, adjusted for tau pathology, suggest that within the sulcus, the duration of play was associated with neuronal loss predominantly through tau pathology. In contrast, the association of duration of play with cortical thinning was minimally impacted by tau pathology. Overall, CTE is associated with cortical atrophy and a predominant sulcal neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the duration of contact sports play is associated with measures of neurodegeneration that are more severe in the cortical sulcus and may occur through tau-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Space–Time Isogeometric Analysis of NREL 5MW wind turbine rotor and tower aerodynamics
Authors: Liu Yang , Otoguro Yuto , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present the Space–Time Isogeometric Analysis (ST-IGA) of wind turbine rotor and tower aerodynamics, with the rotor geometry of the NREL 5MW offshore baseline wind turbine. The computation is with a given wind speed and a specified rotor speed. The computational challenges include accurate representation of the rotor geometry, multiscale nature of the unsteady flow, the fast, rotational relative motion between the rotor and tower, and the IGA mesh generation for the complex geometry. In addressing the computational challenges, the ST-IGA is used together with the ST Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) method, which is a core computational method, and the ST Slip Interface (ST-SI) and Complex-Geometry IGA Mesh Generation (CGIMG) methods, which are complementary general-purpose methods. These are the methods of the ST Computational Flow Analysis in this case. The ST-discretization feature provides higher-order accuracy compared to standard discretization methods. The VMS feature addresses the computational challenges associated with the multiscale nature of the unsteady flow. The moving-mesh feature of the ST framework enables high-resolution computation near the blades. The ST-SI enables high-fidelity moving-mesh computations even over meshes made of patches with nonmatching meshes at the interfaces between those patches. The mesh covering the rotor rotates with it, and the SI between the rotating mesh and the rest of the mesh accurately connects the two sides of the solution. The ST-IGA, with IGA basis functions in space, enables more accurate representation of the rotor geometry and increased accuracy in the flow solution. With IGA basis functions in time, it enables more accurate representation of the rotor and mesh rotations. The CGIMG makes it easier in IGA mesh generation to deal with the complex geometry. The computation presented shows that the ST-IGA and the accompanying methods are successful in addressing the challenges and bringing high-fidelity computational analysis to wind turbine rotor and tower aerodynamics.
Vulnerable groups' access to agroforestry ecosystem services in north-eastern mountains in Tanzania and its implication on special needs inclusivity
Authors: Kimaro Oforo Didas , Lyamtane Eugene , Kimaro Didas Nahum , Darr Dietrich , Feger Karl-Heinz , Vancampenhout Karen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMountainous environments are particularly vulnerable to land degradation due to steep slopes, fragile soils, increasing population, severe shortages of pastureland, and climate change. This situation results in a loss of ecosystem services (ES), which unequally affects vulnerable groups who rely on access to ES closer to their homes. This study assesses the extent to which vulnerable groups access agroforestry systems’ ES in the Northern Mountains of Tanzania. A socioeconomic survey and descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to identify individual households with vulnerabilities and analyze their attributes and access to ES. Correlation analysis was employed to determine the relationships between the different types and levels of vulnerability and access to different ES from agroforestry. The results showed that the main types of vulnerabilities identified were single-headed households, including female-headed households, widowed-headed households, and households with one or more people living with a cognitive or physical disability. The results revealed that across the studied agroforestry systems, female-headed households are facing problems in accessing food (92%), timber (86%) and energy (75%). People living with disabilities indicated that they were problematic in accessing food (90%) and energy (76%). Among the studied Agroforestry systems, female-headed households in Miraba faced more difficulties in accessing the most important ES, that is, food (60%), timber (53%), and energy (50%). Our study can be of interest to future policy interventions for vulnerable groups, including special needs inclusivity in society. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of social support and welfare programmes in the northern mountainous environments of Tanzania.
Projections of future ambient dose rates in a mountainous area in the Fukushima evacuation zone, Japan
Authors: Shozugawa Katsumi , Hori Mayumi , Johnson Thomas E. , Ishigaki Yo , Matsumoto Yoshinori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We measured ambient dose rates in a mountainous area in the evacuation zone (Namie town, Fukushima prefecture, Japan) to predict ambient dose rates several decades ahead based on collected data. The survey was conducted on a ridge in a mountainous area that had not been previously decontaminated. Future ambient dose rate projections based on observed dose rates suggest a faster dose rate decline than those based on the physical decay of radiocesium. Specifically, the projections based on observed data indicate that the Japanese decontamination threshold in the area would be reached 15 years earlier than predicted based on physical decay.
111In-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: sorption studies
Authors: Rosskopfová Oľga , Bugriová Martina , Viglašová Eva , Hupian Marek , Galamboš Michal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research examines the ability of hydroxyapatite to adsorb and desorb 111In under various conditions. High crystallinity hydroxyapatite showed rapid 111In sorption within just 3 min, with consistent pH levels. Adsorption remained stable over a broad pH range, and the results were well-fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, with maximum capacities of 0.437 and 0.605 mmol g−1. Organic ligands maintained high sorption while competitive ions like Fe3+ and Al3+ reduced 111In sorption efficiency significantly. Oxalic acid and carbonate ions proved most effective for desorption of 111In, highlighting hydroxyapatite´s potential as a sorbent for this radioisotope.
Transition from Internal to External Oxidation in Binary Fe–Cr Alloys Around 900 °C
Authors: Chyrkin A. , Froitzheim J. , Quadakkers W. J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The transition from external to internal oxidation of a binary Fe-10Cr alloy has been investigated in Fe/FeO Rhines pack (RP) and H2/H2O between 850 and 900 °C. Internal oxidation is facilitated by increasing temperature and presence of water vapor. A classical Wagnerian diffusion analysis predicts external oxidation for ferritic (BCC) Fe-10Cr and internal oxidation for austenitic (FCC) Fe-10Cr. The α-to-γ transformation is demonstrated to be the primary factor promoting internal oxidation in Fe–Cr around 900 °C. Water vapor is believed to promote internal oxidation due to a higher reactivity of H2O compared to O2 and higher preferential adsorption of the H2O molecule.
[PSI]-CIC: A Deep-Learning Pipeline for the Annotation of Sectored Saccharomyces cerevisiae Colonies
Authors: Collignon Jordan , Naeimi Wesley , Serio Tricia R. , Sindi Suzanne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe $$[PSI^+]$$

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prion phenotype in yeast manifests as a white, pink, or red color pigment. Experimental manipulations destabilize prion phenotypes, and allow colonies to exhibit $$[psi^-]$$

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(red) sectored phenotypes within otherwise completely white colonies. Further investigation of the size and frequency of sectors that emerge as a result of experimental manipulation is capable of providing critical information on mechanisms of prion curing, but we lack a way to reliably extract this information. Images of experimental colonies exhibiting sectored phenotypes offer an abundance of data to help uncover molecular mechanisms of sectoring, yet the structure of sectored colonies is ignored in traditional biological pipelines. In this study, we present [PSI]-CIC, the first computational pipeline designed to identify and characterize features of sectored yeast colonies. To overcome the barrier of a lack of manually annotated data of colonies, we develop a neural network architecture that we train on synthetic images of colonies and apply to real images of $$[PSI^+]$$

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, $$[psi^-]$$

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, and sectored colonies. In hand-annotated experimental images, our pipeline correctly predicts the state of approximately 95% of colonies detected and frequency of sectors in approximately 89.5% of colonies detected. The scope of our pipeline could be extended to categorizing colonies grown under different experimental conditions, allowing for more meaningful and detailed comparisons between experiments. Our approach streamlines the analysis of sectored yeast colonies providing a rich set of quantitative metrics and provides insight into mechanisms driving the curing of prion phenotypes.
Gesundheitsförderung für Beschäftigte 50plus – Ergebnisse der lidA-Studie 2022/23
Authors: Borchart Daniela , du Prel Jean-Baptist 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ältere Beschäftigte sind eine besondere Zielgruppe der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF). Die Studienlage zur Verbreitung von BGF-Maßnahmen in Deutschland gilt als heterogen und schwierig abzuschätzen. Inwieweit älteren Beschäftigten ein BGF-Angebot offeriert wird, ist Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung.

Methoden
Im Rahmen der vierten Welle der repräsentativen lidA-Kohortenstudie wurden Befragungsdaten von 7514 Erwerbstätigen (geboren 1959, 1965 oder 1971) analysiert. Geprüft wurden die BGF-Angebotsquoten inklusive der 95 %-Konfidenzintervalle nach personen-, tätigkeits- und betriebsbezogenen Faktoren. Mittels multipler logistischer Regressionsanalysen wurde der Einfluss dieser Faktoren auf die Angebotschance untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Frauen, Personen über 60 Jahre, jene mit direkter Migrationserfahrung und mit schlechter Gesundheit erhalten seltener als Andere ein BGF-Angebot. Ebenfalls seltener erhalten beruflich schlechter Gestellte, körperlich Tätige, Teilzeitbeschäftigte ein BGF-Angebot und jene, die in Handelsberufen, Gastronomie, Verkehr, Sicherheit und in Reinigungsberufen arbeiten. Eine höhere Angebotschance haben hingegen Beschäftigte in größeren Betrieben und wenn im Betrieb weitere präventive und förderliche Gesundheitsstrukturen bestehen.

Schlussfolgerung
Gerade Beschäftigte, die aufgrund sozialer und gesundheitlicher Nachteile von Maßnahmen profitieren können, haben eine geringere Angebotschance. Dies deutet auf einen Nachbesserungsbedarf, um eine Verstärkung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheiten zu vermeiden. Auch ist zu überlegen, wie Beschäftigten ein bedarfsorientiertes BGF-Angebot offeriert werden kann, die aufgrund tätigkeitsbezogener Merkmale erschwerte Zugangsvoraussetzungen haben.
Optimal Design of BOG Reliquefaction Systems for LNG Carriers: A Focus on GMS Performance During Loaded Voyages
Authors: Shin Hyunjun , Kim Dongchan , Choi Wonjae , Lee Jong Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a strategy for evaluating efficient design of the Gas Management System (GMS) on LNG carriers by decomposing its performance to subsystems: the reliquefaction system (RS) and the fuel gas supply system (FS). With increasingly stringent maritime regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, the need for efficient LNG carrier operations has become critical. A major factor in reducing fuel consumptions and carbon emissions is optimizing the design of the RS, given its significant power demand for processing NBOG. However, effective GMS design must account for variations in RS operation performance, as well as the contributions of the FS in treating NBOG with changes in ship speed. This study compares GSM configurations with reliquefaction systems based on two representative refrigeration cycles: the nitrogen reverse Brayton cycle (NRBC) and the single mixed refrigerant cycle (SMRC), both analyzing effects of cold BOG utilization. Results indicate that the RS of GMS4A-aSMRC [the aSMRC is the refrigeration cycle which utilizes cold BOG within the Single Mixed Refrigerant Cycle (SMRC)] demonstrates superior RS design performance. However, the most efficient GMS configuration varies with the Boil-off Rate (BOR): GMS2-aNRBC [the aNRBC is the refrigeration cycle which utilizes cold BOG within the Nitrogen Reverse Brayton Cycle (NRBC)] is optimal aligning with its RS performance for a 0.11%/day BOR, while GMS3-SMRC without cold BOG in RS is the most efficient for a 0.075%/day BOR, owing to increased contributions from the FS. In this study, a performance index with a consistently comparable baseline is derived to accommodate compositional deviations from flash gas recirculation at NBOG disposal streams, enabling the GMS performance to be correlated with compatible values of its decomposed subsystem.
Migrant Democracy: Constitutional Promise and Political Struggle in Contemporary Italy
Authors: Albahari Maurizio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe article addresses the tension between the internalization of a violent border regime intent on preempting migrant arrivals and the everyday democratic struggle against that regime. It builds on ethnographic fieldwork in Rome to illuminate conflicting political imaginations and existing practices of the already plural, albeit unequal, Italian polity. On the one hand, we see a bordered democracy. This democracy keeps investing in nationalizing itself, by fortifying the Mediterranean as a lethal border and by shoring up social, economic, and racialized boundaries. On the other hand, there is also an emerging migrant democracy. This migrant democracy actively works on two interrelated fronts: to build a more democratic, pluralistic, and egalitarian polity, and to reform how legal and physical access to the polity is governed in the first place. The article argues that, on both fronts, the anti-Fascist Constitution of Italy offers a viable political and ideological framework. More generally, the article proposes that if democratic politics and constitutional arguments are to produce more than a rhetorical edifice for democracy, they need to attend to the social, economic, and racialized inequalities of life in common.
Between God and Nation: The Colonial Origins of Democracy Support in British Africa
Authors: Becker Bastian , Dulay Dean 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPopular support is important to the emergence and survival of democracy. In this paper, we study how church-state relations in former British Africa shaped long-run support for democracy. We argue that shared national identity was the basis for incentive alignment, facilitating cooperation over educational policy between church and state and engendering long-run support for democracy. Employing geospatial analyses of historical mission data and contemporary social survey data from 19 former British African colonies, we find that areas with missions originating from Britain exhibit better educational outcomes and greater support for democracy than areas that had non-British missions. Furthermore, areas with British Protestant missions show greater support for democracy than British Catholic missions, suggesting that Protestantism supplements the benefits of shared nationhood between mission and state. Our findings add nuance to scholarship on the colonial origins of democracy by highlighting the interdependent legacies of church and state.
The mental association between subjective vitality, energy conservation motivation, and cognitive effort motivation according to the schema model of self-control
Authors: Blaise Max , Bertrams Alex 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to the schema model of self-control, repetitive self-control efforts falter due to the activation of a reduced vitality schema, resulting in increased motivation to conserve energy and reduced cognitive efforts. Building on these assumptions, we conducted two randomized controlled studies to examine the mental associations individuals form between subjective vitality, motivation to conserve energy, and motivation for cognitive effort. In both studies, the participants were presented with vignettes featuring fictitious characters described as either vital or non-vital. In Study 1 (N = 487), participants attributed higher motivation to conserve energy and lower cognitive motivation to the character described as having low subjective vitality. This finding indicates that participants seem to hold a vitality schema, in which perceived levels of vitality influence how cognitive resources are allocated. Furthermore, the motivation to conserve energy was found to partially mediate the relationship between subjective vitality and cognitive motivation, aligning with the schema model’s predictions. Study 2 (N = 449) successfully replicated the findings of Study 1 using different measures. Overall, the empirical evaluation of this sub-component of the schema model adds a crucial piece to the postulated causal chain, emphasizing the importance of schema-based approaches in self-control research and opening new perspectives for investigating the mechanisms of cognitive resource allocation. Our results provide a promising foundation for future studies to investigate the schema model at a behavioral level, as mental representations can be viewed as precursors that prompt individuals to translate their cognitive concepts into corresponding actions.
Personality and sex differences in mattering and purpose-in-life
Authors: Fino Emanuele , Blanchard Alyson E. , McLean Lucas , Papazova Eva , Schermer Julie Aitken 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mattering and purpose-in-life are key aspects of individuals’ perception of who they are and their relationships with others. However, their associations with personality, as well as sex differences within these associations, remain relatively unexplored. Three studies investigated, respectively, the correlation between mattering and purpose-in-life across sexes (N

1
= 906), their measurement invariance by sex and associations with the Big-Five (N

2
= 400), and with antagonistic traits (N

3
= 178), including potential sex differences in these associations. Study 1 found lower purpose-in-life in women compared to men, but no difference in mattering. Additionally, a positive and moderate correlation between mattering and purpose-in-life was observed, but no sex differences. Study 2 found higher factor covariance in men than women. Moreover, it showed that conscientiousness positively predicts mattering and purpose-in-life, neuroticism negatively predicts both, and agreeableness positively predicts purpose-in-life. Study 3 showed that primary and secondary psychopathy negatively predict mattering, grandiose narcissism positively predicts mattering and purpose-in-life, and secondary psychopathy negatively predicts purpose-in-life, in all cases showing no sex differences. These results highlight the importance of mattering and purpose-in-life in personality research and intervention, offering insights for personality development by addressing dysfunctional perceptions and fostering personal and professional growth across various applied settings. For instance, in counseling, leveraging mattering and purpose-in-life could help clients strengthen their resilience and coping skills. In educational settings, mattering and purpose-in-life could support learners’ self-efficacy and improve educational outcomes. In organizational settings, they could drive change by enhancing individuals’ confidence, productivity, and leadership.