bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algerian Sport High School as Comprehensive Approach for Improving Public Education System
Authors: Madani Reguig , Zerf Mohammed , Bouabdellah SBA 
Published: June 2019

Summary
In 2001 Algerian Governmental created Sport High School (HSA). Its main mission is education, training and development of young talents by providing all the conditions to serve their healthy sports path. Firstly, by intensifying their daily sports as school-based health education program designed to improve their physical status relates to their healthy lifestyle. Disclosed by evaluation tool design to detect their physical abilities as well as their longitudinal followings. Used in present as evaluation scale to inspect imprudence related to the objectives of Algerian public schools (HPA). For proposing this comparative study test 1 000 High School student, 800 boys and 200 girls for academic years 2017 – 2018. The evaluation focused on measuring anthropometric parameters - age, weight, height and BMI as well as physical qualities - speed (30 m), the explosive force vertical (VJ), explosive force of the arms (medicine ball throw 3 kg (MB), flexibility trunk (FT)), endurance abdominal muscles (maximum of <4 sit-ups > in one minute (EAM) and aerobic endurance (20m shuttle test (VO2max)). Controlled by rating scales produced by Iaiche Rezoug. Based on the scale provided by this latter, our results proclaims the generalization of perspectives implemented in Algerian Sport High School as school-based physical health education program designed to reduce the consequences of overweight on health-related to physical performance. Estimated by rating scales produced by Iaiche Rezoug, which could serve as a model database refining the impact of the two Algerian educational systems, as an approach suggesting a clear direction for the development of adequate programs for the larger populations of Algerian scholars.
Capacities of African-oriented Polish NGOs: a quantitative approach
Authors: Frankowska Agata , Łęcka Izabella , Frankowski Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to investigate the capacity of Polish non-governmental organisations implementing development projects in Africa. Drawing on an integrated systemic perspective of capacity that recognises internal and external factors, this paper focuses on internal factors. Using a quantitative approach to operationalise capacity, the study suggests that those non-governmental organisations implementing the Polish development policy in Africa are highly polarised and can be divided in two groups. Whilst the first group comprises two fairly large organisations with long track records and the ability to fundraise internationally, the second group consists of smaller NGOs of different capacities and working strategies. Most Polish NGOs operate within independent networks – Catholic and secular ones. The study identifies a research gap related to the lack of comprehensive study of religious organisations’ contribution to development assistance in Africa.
Post-industrial university towns and the triple helix concept: case studies of Bristol, Sheffield, Novosibirsk and Tomsk
Authors: Oplakanskaia Renata Valerievna , Osmuk Lyudmila Alekseevna , Pogorelskaya Anastasia , Pomorina Inna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper examines the role of universities in city development under the Triple Helix model through case studies of Russian and British cities. The cases of Bristol and Sheffield illustrate that the implementation of the Triple Helix model can be achieved through different approaches. In Bristol, universities reached beyond their campuses to create a ground for cooperation with partners. In Sheffield, there was a platform for interaction with partners using the brand of a top university. Meanwhile, the examples of Tomsk and Novosibirsk provide some evidence for the growing importance of universities in the innovative urban economy. The comparative analysis provides recommendations for Russian universities, whose application of the Triple Helix model is prevented by the lack of experience in developing an effective marketing strategy and weak interactions between research and enterprises.
Foreign Trade of the Republic of Belarus in the International Business Environment
Authors: Hrechyshkina Olena , Samakhavets Maryia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to assess the current state, problems and prospects for the development of foreign trade in the Republic of Belarus in the international business environment. The evaluation of foreign trade indicators is based on information from different sources and on comparative economic analysis research methods. Our results indicate the export-oriented economy of the Republic of Belarus, and its dependence on the state of foreign markets and the international business environment. The identified problems in the development of Belarusian merchandise exports are due to the orientation towards primary products, and to poor diversification of products and geographical destination. Particular attention is paid to the internal and external factors restraining exports from the Republic of Belarus. Further development requires the full use of the Belarusian export potential and the implementation of measures to promptly resolve the export difficulties on international markets that stem from internal and external factors.
Demographic changes in Polish cities in the years 1950-2016
Authors: Szymańska Daniela , Wylon Mirosław 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study presents the demographic development of big cities (≥100,000 inhabitants within the city’s administrative borders) in Poland from 1950 to 2016. The article demonstrates the similarities and differences in these cities’ demographic development, showing demographic trends in Poland’s various periods of socio-economic development using the graphical trajectory method. The presented study on demographic development of Polish cities uses trajectories, showing them to be an additional useful tool in analyses of demographic development of cities, regions and other territorial units. It was indicated that this simple graphic representation opens new interpretative possibilities; it demonstrates development stages, shows both the process nature (demographic development of cities in this case), and whether this process is progressive or regressive in nature. The trajectory method allows us to read the dynamics of changes in a particular process (in the distances between successive trajectory points).
A multidimensional analysis of spatial order in public spaces: a case study of the town Morąg, Poland
Authors: Szczepańska Agnieszka , Pietrzyk Katarzyna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Centrally located public spaces, such as old towns, are an important feature of historic towns. They are often the most characteristic and representative element of a town that brings together members of the local community, plays various sociological and social roles and promotes direct interactions between the users of space. Only high-quality public spaces can effectively fulfil their role. The aim of this study was to analyse spatial order in public spaces on the example of the Old Town district of Morąg in North-Eastern Poland. The quality of public spaces was analysed with the use of a self-designed method, a field inventory and a questionnaire survey involving 100 members of the local community who were asked to evaluate the quality of public spaces in the town. The results of the comparison were used to identify public spaces that require revitalisation. The study demonstrates that spatial order directly influences the quality of public spaces. Our findings indicate that multidimensional analyses of spatial order and opinion surveys provide valuable inputs and should be included in studies evaluating the quality of public spaces.
Reading and Writing to Learn: A Principled Approach to Practice in CLIL/Bilingual Classes
Authors: Ahern Aoife , Whittaker Rachel , Sánchez Isabel Blecua 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article introduces a literacy programme based on a linguistic approach to teaching reading and writing across the curriculum, Reading to Learn (Rose, “Reading to Learn: Accelerating Learning”; Rose and Martin), with proven effectiveness for accelerating literacy development in both the L1 (e.g. Rose and Acevedo, among other studies) and for L2 in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and programmes. Underlying the pedagogy are powerful theories of language, educational psychology and sociology which are applied to text analysis, lesson preparation and classroom interaction around reading and writing. Teachers starting to use the pedagogy see immediate results in students’ engagement and learning, and the written texts they produce. The pedagogy is based on a functional analysis of a text from the curriculum – its structure and the way its language makes meaning in that subject-, and on scaffolding/ modelling the processes of reading and writing with the whole class. In this paper, we offer a brief presentation of some strategies from the R2L pedagogy, and provide examples of text analysis, teacher preparation and application in state bilingual schools in Spain.
Ten Fundamentals for Novice CLIL Teachers
Authors: Couto-Cantero Pilar , Bobadilla-Pérez María 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to provide novice CLIL teachers with advice on key areas related to the implementation of this approach. This is done through the presentation of ‘ten fundamentals’ with their corresponding literature review, activities and suggestions contextualised within the framework of a defined Teaching and Learning Unit, and a final tip, all of which, it is hoped will empower future CLIL teachers in their classroom practice. Materials have been designed by the authors according to the Spanish National Curriculum and the textbook selected to use as an example is: Natural Science 6. In Focus for 6th year at Primary School Level with content designed by Spencer and published by Anaya.
Toward an Efficient Resolution for a Single-machine Bi-objective Scheduling Problem with Rejection
Authors: Moghaddam Atefeh , Teghem Jacques , Tuyttens Daniel , Yalaoui Farouk , Amodeo Lionel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We consider a single-machine bi-objective scheduling problem with rejection. In this problem, it is possible to reject some jobs. Four algorithms are provided to solve this scheduling problem. The two objectives are the total weighted completion time and the total rejection cost. The aim is to determine the set of efficient solutions. Four heuristics are described; they are implicit enumeration algorithms forming a branching tree, each one having two versions according to the root of the tree corresponding either to acceptance or rejection of all the jobs. The algorithms are first illustrated by a didactic example. Then they are compared on a large set of instances of various dimension and their respective performances are analysed.
Formulation Studies of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Ivermectin
Authors: Patel Vipul P. , Lakkad Hardik A. , Ashara Kalpesh Chhotalal 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The suggested dose of ivermectin is 300 μG/kg/day for onchocerciasis but it has low water solubility and poor oral bioavailability.
Aim: To prepare and evaluate a solid lipid-based self-emulsifying drug delivery system of ivermectin.
Materials and methods: Based on supersaturated solubility study, oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant were selected. On the basis of ternary phase diagrams and simplex-lattice design, self-emulsifying, drug delivery formulations had been developed and optimized. Ivermectin-excipients compatibility studies were performed using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery formulation was formulated from the optimized batch by surface assimilation method and filled into hard gelatin capsules. In vitro release rate and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of ivermectin from the capsules were determined. Two-tailed paired t-test/Dunnett multiple comparison tests were performed for in vivo pharmacokinetic parameter at 95 % of confidence level.
Results: Soybeans oil, tween 80, and span 80 were selected as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant respectively. The ternary diagrams were shown the maximum area for emulsion in 1:2 surfactant/co-surfactant ratio. The optimized batch had found with 30 mg ivermectin, 6.17 g soybeans oil, 0.30 g tween 80, and 3.50 g span 80. All differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared characteristic peaks of the optimized formulation were identical with that of pure ivermectin. The area under the curve of ivermectin from the capsule was about two-fold higher than that of ivermectin suspension.
Conclusions: Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system was an effective oral solid dosage form to improve the oral bioavailability of ivermectin.
Triterpenoid and Fatty Acid Contents from the Stem Bark of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.)
Authors: Nariya Pankajkumar B. , Shukla Vinay J. , Acharya R. N. , Nariya Mukeshkumar B. , Dhalani Jayesh M. , Patel Anilkumar S. , Ambasana Pratik A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Aim: To isolate and determine the chemical constituents of the stem bark of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.), a plant used for medicinal purpose in folk medicine.
Materials and methods: Petroleum ether extract of the stem bark was used for this study. Saponification process was performed to separate fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter.
Results: One triterpenoids, α-amyrin was isolated from the bark by using isocratic elution. The chemical compounds isolated, for the first time, were analyzed by GC/MS, IR, and UV. The chemical composition of the fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) in bark of Cordia dichotoma were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After methyl-esterification, 17 components were identified in the bark. The derivatization conditions were investigated in order to validate this method.
Conclusion: The present analysis revealed that Cordia dichotoma stem bark contains 17 fatty acid. The principal themes of the review highlight the development and application of chromatographic techniques for the separation, isolation and detection of the compounds.
Structural and Functional MRI Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis Related Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Iancheva Dessislava , Trenova Anastasiya , Mantarova Stefka , Terziyski Kiril 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that is prevalent in young adults and therefore with significant social impact. Cognitive impairment occurs in 40% to 70% of patients with MS and has a weak correlation with disease duration. Neuropsycho-logical assessment is a standard method in the detection of cognitive dysfunction. However, in order to understand the etiology and evolution of cognitive dysfunction, several elaborate magnetic resonance techniques have been developed. Their aim is to measure structural changes in the CNS that are considered main substrates in cognitive function such as whole brain and gray matter atrophy, cortical lesions and changes in subcortical gray matter. Evidence shows that the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis are complex interactions between tissue damage, tissue repair and cortical reorganization. In order to study this heterogeneity, structural magnetic resonance analysis of brain morphology and functional magnetic resonance imaging are essential. This review summarizes current techniques in structural MRI and the value of functional MRI in understanding the link between cognitive deficit and cortical activation and reorganization.
Accuracy of Different Apex Locators in Teeth with Simulated Apical Root Resorption: an In Vitro Study
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh Ranganath , Mittal Priya , Patil Vishal , Kandekar Prashant , Kulkarni Anish , Shinde Siddharth , Syed Shibli , Elahi Saina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Accurate working length (WL) determination is necessary in achieving optimal healing by non-surgical root canal therapy in teeth with inflammatory apical root resorption. Electronic apex locators (EALs) are one of the mainstays in determination of WL of teeth.
Aim: This study evaluated the accuracy of three EALs [RootZX (third generation), iPex (fourth generation) and Raypex 6 (modification of a fifth generation)] in determining the WL of teeth with simulated apical root resorption in permanent teeth.
Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted maxillary anterior teeth were collected and a 45° oblique cut was made at the root apex with a disc to simulate apical root resorption. Actual working length (AWL) was determined by direct visual method and was used as a control. Electronic working length (EWL) values were measured by three different apex locators that are RootZX (Group I), iPex (Group II) and Raypex 6 (Group III) at apex, 0.5 mm and 1 mm from apex. All values obtained were tabulated and statistical evaluation was carried out.
Results: At apex, EWL obtained using iPex (p=0.05) showed a statistically significant difference from AWL. At 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm tolerance, iPex showed non-acceptability for WL measurement in 67.5% and 17.5% of samples compared to Root ZX (12.5% and 2.5%) and Raypex (7.5% and none) respectively.
Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that Raypex 6 and RootZX show statistically significant accuracy in WL measurement compared with iPex in teeth with apical root resorption.
Antioxidant Activity of Dry Birch (Betula Pendula) Leaves Extract
Authors: Penkov Dimitar , Andonova Velichka , Delev Delian , Kostadinov Ilia , Kassarova Margarita 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Betula pendula is widespread in Europe and Asia. It has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times. Birch leaf extracts are known to exhibit a number of pharmacological activities. Antioxidant activity has also been reported.
Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of a dry leaf extract from Betula pendula Roth.
Materials and methods: The total flavonoid content was determined. Some of the most commonly used methods were applied to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the extract in vitro and in vivo. The ability of the extract to scavenge DPPH free radicals was evaluated by the method described by Brand-Williams with suitable modifications. ABTS decolorization assay was also applied. The in vivo assay was performed after acute and chronic administration of the extract into white albino rats, in a dose of 100 and 500 mg/kg bw. The antioxidant potential of the plasma was determined using FRAP reagent.
Results: A total flavonoid content of 42.5 mg/g was found, expressed as quercetin. The antioxidant activity against ABTS was concentration and time dependent. For example the concentration of 200 μg/ml led to 70.95% – 99.46% scavenging activity. DPPH scavenging activity was found to be about 98% at a concentration of 80 μg/ml. The extract possesses antioxidant potential, comparable with that of Trolox, in acute application. In chronic application, poorer results are observed, probably due to biotransformation and elimination processes.
Conclusion: Dried birch leaf extract has a relatively high antioxidant potential and could be used as a natural source of antioxidants.
The Role of Antiobesity Agents in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Chatzis Panagiotis , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Pratilas Georgios C. , Makris Vasileios , Sotiriadis Alexandros , Dinas Konstantinos 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Obesity is frequently present in these patients and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of both the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities of the syndrome, particularly infertility, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR). Diet and exercise is the mainstay of management of obesity in patients with PCOS. In contrast, the eff ects of antiobesity agents on weight and on the obesityrelated characteristics of the syndrome remain unclear. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current data on the eff ects of antiobesity drugs approved in Europe (orlistat, liraglutide 3 mg od and naltrexone/bupropion) on weight loss in patients with PCOS and to discuss their impact on the endocrine, reproductive and metabolic abnormalities of this population. Several studies reported that orlistat induces weight loss, improves IR and reduces androgen levels in PCOS. In contrast, data regarding the eff ects of the dose of liraglutide that is approved for the treatment of obesity (3 mg od) are very limited. Liraglutide 1.2-1.8 mg od results in weight loss in these patients but does not aff ect IR or androgen levels. Finally, there are no studies that evaluated naltrexone/bupropion in patients with PCOS and early studies reported conflicting results regarding the eff ects of naltrexone monotherapy on weight, IR and androgen levels. In conclusion, orlistat appears to have a role in the management of overweight and obese patients with PCOS whereas more studies are needed to clarify the role of liraglutide and naltrexone/bupropion.
Characteristics of Unstable Carotid Plaques – New Image Modalities
Authors: Peycheva Marieta V. , Zahariev Zahari I. , Velkova Kichka G. , Chervenkov Lyubomir 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a socially significant health problem due to high mortality and disability. One of the leading causes for cerebrovascular accidents is the carotid atherosclerosis. The mechanism of its formation presents not only lipid accumulation in the arterial wall but a complex inflammatory disease. The aims of this review are to point the new methods and approaches for diagnostic of the unstable and high-risk carotid plaques. The old plaque imaging modalities emphasized mainly to the degrees of luminal stenosis. The new possibilities reveal plaque morphology so detailed even compared to histological verification. Recent techniques as Shear wave elastography, optical coherence tomography, Superb microvascular imaging, USPIO MRI give information about the pathological mechanisms of carotid atherosclerosis. The efforts are directed to predict the atherosclerotic burden, plaque instability and the occurrence of cerebrovascular events for each patient and to optimize personal management.
Anorectal Melanoma - a Histopathological Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Kobakova Ina , Stoyanov George , Popov Hristo , Spasova-Nyagulova Snezhana , Stefanova Nadezhda , Stoev Lyuben , Yanulova Nevena 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Primary melanomas of the anus and rectum are rare neoplasms with aggressive behavior, accounting for 0.1%-4.6% of anal canal tumors. Mucosal melanomas account for approximately 1.2% of all melanomas, of which fewer than 25% are anorectal. Histological evaluation with immunohistochemical stains like HMB-45, S-100, vimentin and Melan A is required for definitive diagnosis. The 5-year survival rate for anorectal melanomas (AM) was reported to be as low as < 20%, in contrast to the value of approximately 80% for cutaneous melanomas. Furthermore, up to 67% of patients are found to have distant metastases at the time of their initial diagnosis with AM. Since the chemotherapy treatment possibilities are limited, patients usually undergo mutation detection tests giving the opportunity of targeted therapy. Herein we report a case of a patient with anorectal melanoma, diagnosed in stage II and the pathomorphological and mutation status finding, together with their correlation to tumor behavior and patient prognosis.