bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الدين المصرفي العام وقيد الاحتياطي الاجنبي في العراق للمدة (2017-2004)
Authors: الكبيسي محمد صالح , لفته حسن حازم , داغر محمود محمد 
Published: August 2019

شكّل الدين العام تحدياً كبيراً امام الدول النامية والمتقدمة على حدٍ سواء ، وهو ما جعل الاهتمام يدور حول الحدود المثلى (عتبة الدين) له ، والعوامل المحددة له.
تبحث الدراسة في بيان اثر الدين المصرفي العام على الاحتياطي الاجنبي وعمل الاحتياطي الاجنبي كقيد على عملية الدين المصرفي (جزء من الدين الداخلي) للمدة (2017-2004) ، اضافة الى ايجاد نوع وطبيعة العلاقة بينهم وفق فرضيات الدراسة ، التي تؤكد على وجود علاقة عكسية بين الدين المصرفي العام والاحتياطي الاجنبي ، اذ استندت الدراسة في ذلك الى بيانات القطاع المصرفي العراقي ، التي اظهرت تمتع العراق باحتياطي اجنبي يتناسب مع المعايير الدولية، بل انه يحافظ على احتياطي مبالغ فيه. وان البنك المركزي العراقي لا يمكنه التحكم بالطلب او عرض الاحتياطي ، بل انه يدير هذا الاحتياطي. تبين ايضاً اعتماد العراق بشكلٍ كبير على الايرادات النفطية في استدامة دينه ، اي ان زيادة المورد النفطي يعمل على استدامة الدين المصرفي العام.
ساهمت المؤسسات غير المصرفية بعملية الدين الداخلي (دائرة رعاية القاصرين والهيئة الوطنية للمتقاعدين) ، وساهم البنك المركزي العراقي بعملية الدين المصرفي ، من خلال خصم الحوالات في السوق الثانوي فقط، وذلك مع الانخفاض الحاد لاسعار النفط خلال الاعوام (2017,2016,2015) وبواقع (,32.6 51.5 48.6,)% على التوالي وهو ما اعطى متنفساً لتمويل العجز او الانفاق العسكري، بينما كانت السندات تشكل نسبة منخفضة. ان مساهمة البنك المركزي العراقي في عملية الدين المصرفي، ادت الى استنزاف الاحتياطي الاجنبي ، حيث حافظت نافذة بيع العملة الاجنبية على نفس الرتم تقريباً ، بينما مشتريات الدولار للمركزي من وزارة المالية انخفضت ، وهو ما يعوض من خلال الاحتياطي ، وبالتالي استنزافه .
Improving " Jackknife Instrumental Variable Estimation method" using A class of immun algorithm with practical application
Authors: رضا صباح منفي , صبري علاء حسين 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Most of the robust methods based on the idea of ​​sacrificing one side versus promotion of another, the artificial intelligence mechanisms try to balance weakness and strength to make the best solutions in a random search technique. In this paper, a new idea is introduced to improve the estimators of parameters of linear simultaneous equation models that resulting from the Jackknife Instrumental Variable Estimation method (JIVE) by using a class of immune algorithm which called Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA) and better estimates are obtained using one of the robust criterion which is called Mean Absolut Percentage Error (MAPE). The success of intelligence algorithm mechanisms has been proven that used to improve the parameters of linear simultaneous equation models according to user criterion and real data of size n=48.
بعض المقدرات اللامعلمية لبيانات البقاء المراقبة من النوع الاول
Authors: فدعم انتصار عريبي , عبد الرضا ماجد عبدالعزيز 
Published: August 2019

أن استعمال الطرائق المعلمية وما يتبعها من أساليب تقدير يتطلب وجود العديد من الشروط الأولية الواجب توافرها كي تمثل تلك النماذج المجتمع تحت الدراسة تمثيلا ملائما الأمر الذي دفع الباحثون إلى البحث عن طرائق أكثر مرونة من الطرائق المعلمية وتمثلت هذه الطرائق بالطرائق اللامعلمية ، وكذلك أهتم الكثير من الباحثين في حقل البقاء واختبارات الحياة بدراسة دالة البقاء وطرائق تقديرها ومنها الطرائق اللامعلمية.
ولغرض عمل استدلال احصائي حول معلمات التوزيع الاحصائي لأوقات الحياة التي تتعامل مع بيانات مراقبة (Censored data) ومن الجانب التجريبي من هذا البحث فقد تمت المقارنة بين طرائق التقدير اللامعلمية لدالة البقاء بوجود بيانات مراقبة من النوع الاول (Typy - Ι censored data ) وكانت هذه الطرائق هي (طريقة مقدرKaplan-Meier وطريقة مقدر Kernel وطريقة مقدر Nelson-Aalen وطريقة مقدر Thompson وطريقة مقدر Pandey) ، و تكون هذه الطرائق أكثر مرونة في تحليل البيانات والتي لا تشترط بدورها معرفة التوزيع الذي تسلكه البيانات للحصول على المقدر، ولغرض اجراء عملية المقارنة بين افضلية المقدرات تم توظيف اسلوب المحاكاة باستعمال المقياسيين الاحصائيين متوسط مربعات الخطأ التكاملي (IMSE) و متوسط الخطأ النسبي المطلق (MAPE) ولاحجام عينات مختلفة (n = 15, 30, 50 ,100 ) ، وقد تم التوصل الى افضلية طريقة هي (Kaplan-Meier) على باقي الطرائق اللامعلمية ، وقد بينت النتائج أن قيم دالة البقاء تبدأ بالتناقص مع إزدياد الزمن بالنسبة للمقدر اللامعلمي .
KAJIAN HISTORIS KUMPULAN PUISI TIRANI DAN BENTENG KARYA TAUFIQ ISMAIL
Authors: Martalena Martalena 
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research aim to know the representation of historical event and historical fact in Tirani dan Benteng poem anthology by Taufiq Ismail. The background of the study was the researcher’s interest on poems by Taufiq Ismail which were anthology in Tirani and Benteng. The poems told about the historical events at the end of Soekarno era. This study used historical approach. The method used in this study was content analysis. The scope of the study was the analysis toward of the historical event representations and historical facts representation in the anthology. The focuses of this study were: (a) historical event representations, (b) artifact representations, (c) sociofact representation, and (d) mentifact representation. The results show that: (1) the event historical reprentations were: G30S/PKI event, collapse of Indonesian economic joint, event demonstration student in Tritura action causing to die Arief Rachman Hakim, (2) the artifact representations were: jacket covered with blod, rumpled banner, flag at half mast, weapon and steel bayonet, (3) sociofact representations were poverty and vertical as well as horizontal class conflicts, (4) mentifact representations were the spirit to defend truth and justice and the aspiration of the youths involved in Tritura action.
PENERAPAN DIVERSI DALAM TINGKAT PENGADILAN TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN
Authors: Purwanti Sugi 
Published: August 2019

Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum agar dapat kembali ke dalam lingkungan sosial secara wajar, maka perlu dihindari stigmatisasi terhadap Anak, maka dalam penegakan hukum harus bertujuan pada terciptanya Keadilan Restoratif, baik bagi Anak maupun bagi korban. Keadilan Restoratif merupakan suatu proses Diversi, yaitu semua pihak yang terlibat dalam suatu tindak pidana tertentu bersama-sama mengatasi masalah serta menciptakan suatu kewajiban untuk membuat segala sesuatunya menjadi lebih baik dengan melibatkan korban, Anak, dan masyarakat dalam mencari solusi untuk memperbaiki, merekonsiliasi, dan menentramkan hati dan tidak berdasarkan pembalasan.Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1. Bagaimana konstruksi berfikir penegak hukum dalam penerapan diversi terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana pencabulan dan 2. Bagaimana penerapan yang sebenarnya (idealnya) dilakukan oleh penegak hukum dalam penerapan diversi terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana pencabulan. Selanjutnya metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative dengan mengkaji putusan hakim terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku yang berkaitan dengan penelitian perkara Nomor 04/Pid.Sus.Anak/2017/PN Cbn.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dasar konstruksi berfikir penegak hukum dalam penerapan diversi terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana pencabulan yaitu sebaiknya dilakukan selagi syarat tentang diversi terpenuhi wajib dilaksanakan oleh para penegak hukum karena ada payung hukumnya, dilakukan dan dimulai oleh para pihak secara langsung yaitu antara pelaku anak, orang tua dan pelaku korban, sebelum perkara tersebut sampai ke tingkat penyidikan/ penuntutan/ pemeriksaan. Dan dalam penerapan diversi terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana pencabulan dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cirebon Nomor: 4/Pid.Sus.Anak/2017/PN.Cbn. atas nama anak Rega Dwi Pangga, seharusnya Hakim lebih mengutakan dilaksanakannya Diversi dan Restorative Justice sebagaimana yang diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN
Authors: Razak Ismail 
Published: August 2019

<em>The purpose of this study was to analize the impact of product quality indicators on the satisfaction of customers. Primary data was obtained from customers of aqua in Transmart Carrefour Kalimalang, Jakarta Timur through admission filling of questionnaire by using scale of Likert. In this study is used purposive sampling method. Data analysis technique used in this study is simple and multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicated that performance, reliability, conformance, and durability positively and significant influenced the satisfaction of customers. The conclution of this study is that conformance was dominant than the other product quality indicators in influencing the satisfaction of customers</em>.
DAMPAK VARIABEL KEUANGAN TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN KEUNTUNGAN PERUSAHAAN KELOMPOK INDUSTRI KONSTRUKSI DI BURSA EFEK JAKARTA
Authors: Sodiqin Akhmad 
Published: August 2019

<em>This study aims to determine the effect of financial variables, namely the current ratio and debt to equity ratio of companies in the construction industry group listed on the Indonesia stock exchange either partially or simultaneously. The data used includes construction industry group companies. Data were analyzed using regression analysis using the F-test and t test. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that the current ratio variables and the debt to equity ratio affect the return on equity variable in the construction industry stocks on the Indonesia stock exchange. Partially the current variable and debt to equity ratio also partially influence</em>.
KONTESTASI NORMA HAK GUGAT PASIEN DENGAN NORMA ADEKUAT DALAM PASAL 32 HURUF Q UU RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Sismarwoto Edy 
Published: August 2019

<p>Fokus penelitian ini adalah perlindungan hukum atas Hak Pasien apabila terjadi sengketa perdata, karena adanya kelalaian dokter Rumah Sakit yang merugikan pasien. Dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif ditemukan norma yang disharmonis di dalam satu ketentuan UU Rumah Sakit, yaitu terdapat kontestasi antara norma hak gugat pasien dengan norma adekuat, sehingga norma hak gugat pasien tidakdapat dilaksanakan. Analisis interpretatif terhadap logika aturan hokum digunakan untuk memahami persoalan tersebut dan menemukan solusinya. Adanya norma adekuat menghalangi gugatan perdata sehingga harus direformulasi dengan norma adekuat lain yang harmonis dengan hak gugat perdata.</p>
PRESIDEN DALAM PENGANGKATAN DUTA BESAR REPUBLIK INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR 1945 SETELAH PERUBAHAN
Authors: Suroto Suroto 
Published: August 2019

<p align="justify">Fungsi DPR adalah pengawasan legislasi anggaran menjadikan setiap kebijakan pemerintah yang akan dibuat maupun dilaksanakan harus mendapat persetujuannya. Hak prerogatif presiden semakin sempit karena DPR mcncmpatkan diri lembaga penentu kata 'memutuskan”, sehingga rumusan masalah sebagai berikut Presiden dan peran DPR dalam pengangkatan duta besar Republik Indonesia. Metode penelitiannya diskriptif, dengan data sekunder dan hasil penelitianya disusun secara sistematis dan integrasikan dalam hukum tala negara, dilunjukkan dalam pasal 13 ayat (2).“Dalam hal mengangkat duta besar Presiden memperhatikan pertimbangan DPR”. Peran DPR disini yaitu sebagai lembaga penentu tidak hanya hak prerogratif presiden, namun juga melibatkan peran DPR untuk memberikan pertimbangan.</p>
The carabids in the trees: rapid biodiversity assessment of an Ecuadorian rainforest
Authors: Garner Beulah , Vogler Alfried , Erwin Terry , Zamorano Laura 
Published: August 2019

Accessing extreme environments historically unexplored by entomologists poses logistical financial and scientific challenges. Today, much of the world’s natural habitats are under threat, particularly in the Neotropics. Threats from human development, exploration and indeed climate change pose the necessity for rapid arthropod biodiversity discovery and documentation. This study forms part of a long-term ecological assessment of the effects of an oil company road on primary forest within the Yasuni National Park, Ecuador.
In the past 40 years this study has generated thousands of carabid specimens from the rainforest canopy by employing insecticide fogging techniques. The latest study in October 2018 yielded &gt;260,000 Coleoptera specimens of which Carabidae contributed a diverse component. This complex diversity of the rainforest canopy limits our understanding of ecological and evolutionary patterns and processes on a global scale.
Morphological taxonomy has laid the foundations for our interpretation of carabid species richness and diversity through time; however rapid species discovery is achievable by employing high through-put molecular sequencing methods. A high resolution macro imaging procedure is used to direct the sequencing protocol by isolating identifiable morphospecies from bulk samples. A dual approach of reference sequence and metabarcoding is employed. The reference sequences, being mitogenomes, allow for phylogenetics and the link to global carabid diversity, while the metabarcoding and species recognition against the reference set allows us to look at change through space (along the road) and time (since the first fogging event in 1994).
With this technique we are able to better study the carabid community of the rainforest canopy, not only improving our knowledge of the hyper-diversity living in this habitat but also their place in evolutionary time. Currently 50 bulk samples have been imaged revealing, for example, an even greater diversity within the species rich genus Agra (Lebiinae), than previously recognized.
This study forms a component of the SITE-100 project which is an ambitious effort towards documenting the species diversity and evolutionary history of insects on Earth for a global comparative analysis.
BiodiFAIRse: a Biodiversity dedicated GO FAIR Implementation Network
Authors: Le Bras Yvan , Archambeau Anne-Sophie 
Published: August 2019

The global aims of the biodiversity field are to understand the underlying mechanisms of nature, document and capture the state and dynamics of ecosystems, and build predictive models for the future. This understanding is based on access to and use of data, models and analysis tools, produced in ever-greater quantities, and used by diverse communities tackling different aspects of biodiversity from observations, collections, sampling and experimental data.
The analysis of biodiversity data is essential for ecosystem services, risk analysis, and human well-being. The impact goes well beyond provisioning for material welfare and livelihoods, to include food security, resiliency, social relations, health, and environmental indicators. Species loss has dramatically accelerated around the world and now poses an existential threat to some ecosystems and susceptible human societies. There is an urgent need to; 1) collect, preserve and share FAIR data on species and ecosystems before they are lost to the scientific record, and, 2) provide automatic workflows producing biodiversity indicators so researchers, planners or policy-makers have evidence-based models to understand the complex dynamics of biodiversity.
To accelerate progress, both in the completeness and coverage of data, and in the richness of available information, all relevant sources of data must be aggregated; including sample-based data sets, ecogenomics, molecular research, remote-sensing, literature records, local and regional checklists, and expert knowledge. These resources, records and diverse data types should be used not only as a source of occurrence information, but also as an effective discovery tool on species abundance, community compositions, and interrelated genetic data.
Towards these long term aims, the partners of the BiodiFAIRse IN plan to build a virtual research environment and tools, collectively bringing their expertise to FAIR compliance by adapting data exchange standards, promoting the use and mapping of controlled vocabularies and collaborating in the development of registries gathering FAIR research objects and processes, analysis tools, and scalable workflows.
No effect of fenugreek, bergamot and olive leaf extract on glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes:
a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Florentin Matilda , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Elisaf Moses S. , Tsimihodimos Vasilis 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe main pathophysiologic mechanism of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is insulin resistance, which exists several years before T2D diagnosis. The term ‘prediabetes’ applies to patients with insulin resistance but without overt T2D. The improvement of glucose homeostasis in these patients may prevent or delay the development of T2D and its complications. Data suggest that fenugreek, olive leaf polyphenols and bergamot extract may improve carbohydrate metabolism. We examined the effect of an agent containing fenugreek, olive leaf polyphenols and bergamot extract (active agent) on glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes.Material and methodsThis was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; patients with prediabetes (N = 100) were randomized to treatment with the active agent or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 6 months after treatment initiation. Secondary endpoints included changes in other parameters of glucose metabolism and lipid profile.ResultsOverall 87 patients completed the study. No significant change in HbA1c was observed in either treatment group. Similarly, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and lipid profile remained unaltered in both groups.ConclusionsThe administration of an agent containing fenugreek, olive leaf polyphenols and bergamot extract for 6 months did not improve glycemia or lipid parameters in patients with prediabetes.
The effects of levosimendan use on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with decompensated heart failure
Authors: Korkmaz Hasan , Yilmaz Mücahid 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe present study was intended to investigate the effect of levosimendan on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure.Material and methodsThe present study was designed as a prospective controlled clinical trial. A total of 50 patients with decompensated heart failure who were admitted to our hospital were included in the present study. Patients with stage III–IV heart failure based on the New York Heart Association, with systolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg and with left ventricular ejection fraction of < 35%, were selected for the study population. The selected patients were divided into groups, levosimendan and furosemide.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the groups based on demographics, basal echocardiographic and basal laboratory data. No difference was determined in basal hsCRP (mg/l) levels between the group admitted levosimendan infusion and the furosemide group (9.99 ±6.2, 9.23 ±6.4, p = 0.66). However, the hsCRP levels measured at the 24th h (38.34 ±32.1 vs. 12.97 ±12.3, p < 0.001), the 48th h (31.13 ±29.9 vs. 12.44 ±10.1, p = 0.003) and the 72nd h (27.41 ±26.9 vs. 9.89 ±8.4, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in the levosimendan infusion group than the furosemide group.ConclusionsIt was found that hsCRP levels were significantly higher in the levosimendan infusion group than the furosemide group. Such an outcome could be related to myocyte injury and/or the amplification of the inflammatory response due to levosimendan.
Association between cardiovascular risk factors and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio: a single-center experience
Authors: Ozturk Mehmet Akif 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate associations between triglycerides (Tg)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and smoking in patients without diabetes mellitus.Material and methodsThe study included 91 patients between 18 and 65 years old age, with no diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory parameters of Tg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL cholesterol, FBG, BMI (kg/m2), WC (cm), SBP and DBP (mm Hg), smoking status, and demographic data were collected from patients’ electronic records. Patients whose Tg/HDL was under 3 were grouped as group A; those whose ratio was over 3 were grouped as group B.ResultsThe mean age, BMI, WC, SBP, and DBP were higher in the group in which Tg/HDL was higher. Although total cigarette exposure and FBG were higher in group B, the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Tg/HDL was positively correlated with BMI and positively correlated with WC in correlation analyses. It was observed that every 1-point increase in BMI caused a 0.1-point increase in Tg/HDL and smoking caused a 1.09-point increase in Tg/HDL in multivariate regression analysis.ConclusionsThe WC, BMI, SBP, and DBP are higher in the group in which Tg/HDL is higher. Further, high BMI and smoking are also related to high Tg/HDL in our study.
Does stress hyperglycemia affect mortality? Acute myocardial infarction – case control study
Authors: Cinar Hayri , Avci Akkan , Gulen Muge , Avci Begum Seyda , Comertpay Ertan , Satar Salim 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the effect of stress (acute) hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome who had not been previously diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) on the prognosis of the disease in terms of mortality.Material and methodsPatients who were admitted to the Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital Emergency Service Clinic between August 2010 and August 2013 and whose plasma blood glucose level was over 140 mg/dl at the time of admission but were not previously diagnosed with DM, who were over the age of 18 and considered to have acute myocardial infarction were included.ResultsA total of 259 patients whose data were fully attainable were included in the study. 80.3% (n = 208) of the patients were male and 19.7% (n = 41) were female. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction was found in 71.6%, ST elevation myocardial infarction was found in 28.4% of the patients with stress hyperglycemia. It was determined that 10.1% of patients with stress-related hyperglycemia and 1.3% of patients without stress-related hyperglycemia had died.ConclusionsThe plasma blood glucose level at presentation of patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction at the emergency room is associated with early in-hospital mortality.
Itopride increases the effectiveness of the management of opioid-induced constipation in palliative care patients: an observational non-interventional study
Authors: Dzierżanowski Tomasz , Kozlowski Michael 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionIt is strongly recommended that laxatives be routinely prescribed for the prevention of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). The evidence supporting the effectiveness of prokinetics for this indication is sparse. This study aims to verify if itopride, added to preventive OIC therapy, increases the effectiveness of the prevention of opioid-induced constipation in adult palliative care patients.Material and methodsIn a questionnaire-based observational study, all patients received regular laxatives plus one of the following: oxycodone/naloxone (OXN); itopride (ITP); or oxycodone/naloxone + itopride (OXN+ITP). The primary measure was the decrease in the necessity of laxative use in a 0–4 scale assessed after seven days of treatment.ResultsNinety-two patients met the inclusion criteria in the four groups: OXN (n = 12), ITP (11), OXN+ITP (9), and the control group (laxatives only if needed) (60). The necessity of laxatives decreased in groups where itopride was used, with a statistically significant difference versus control, oxycodone/naloxone (p = 0.009), or in combination. The OXN did not decrease laxative use (p = 0.22).ConclusionsAll interventions appeared similarly effective in the prevention of OIC. However, adding itopride, but not oxycodone/naloxone, resulted in a decrease in the necessity of laxative use in OIC patients, and it seems to be valuable in this often refractory condition. Randomised, controlled trials would be valuable to obtain good quality evidence without systematic bias.