bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating repellent and attractant semiochemicals into a push–pull strategy for ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Werle Christopher T. , Ranger Christopher M. , Schultz Peter B. , Reding Michael E. , Addesso Karla M. , Oliver Jason B. , Sampson Blair J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐native ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), especially Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff), Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) and Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford), are destructive wood‐boring pests of trees in ornamental nurseries and tree fruit orchards. Previous studies have demonstrated the adults are repelled by verbenone and strongly attracted to ethanol. We tested a “push–pull” semiochemical strategy in Ohio, Virginia and Mississippi using verbenone emitters to “push” beetles away from vulnerable trees and ethanol lures to “pull” them into annihilative traps. Container‐grown trees were flood‐stressed to induce ambrosia beetle attacks and then deployed in the presence or absence of verbenone emitters and a perimeter of ethanol‐baited interception traps to achieve the following treatment combinations: (a) untreated control, (b) verbenone only, (c) ethanol only, and (d) verbenone plus ethanol. Verbenone and ethanol did not interact to reduce attacks on the flooded trees, nor did verbenone alone reduce attacks. The ethanol‐baited traps intercepted enough beetles to reduce attacks on trees deployed in Virginia and Mississippi in 2016, but not in 2017, or in Ohio in 2016. Xylosandrus germanus, X. crassiusculus and both Hypothenemus dissimilis Zimmermann and X. crassiusculus were among the predominant species collected in ethanol‐baited traps deployed in Ohio, Virginia and Mississippi, respectively. Xylosandrus germanus and X. crassiusculus were also the predominant species dissected from trees deployed in Ohio and Virginia, respectively. While the ethanol‐baited traps showed promise for helping to protect trees by intercepting ambrosia beetles, the repellent “push” component (i.e., verbenone) and attractant “pull” component (i.e., ethanol) will need to be further optimized in order to implement a “push–pull” semiochemical strategy.
Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors: Minimally invasive surgical and prosthetic approach
Authors: Ruales‐Carrera Edwin , Engler Madalena Lucia Pinheiro Dias , Vaz Paula , Özcan Mutlu , Volpato Claudia Angela Maziero 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveCongenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors is a frequent clinical challenge which must be solved by a multidisciplinary approach in order to obtain an esthetic and functional restorative treatment. Noninvasive treatments, that are in accordance with the patients' expectations, should be the first therapeutic alternative. If the deciduous tooth is present, minimally invasive dental extraction followed by immediate dental implant placement and provisional restoration is indicated. In this restorative treatment, an adequate emergency profile can be achieved by peri‐implant soft‐tissue‐conditioning techniques. Moreover, the association of restorative materials, such as composite resins and dental ceramics, provides more predictable esthetic results.Clinical ConsiderationsThe present case report presents a rehabilitation of bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors through a multidisciplinary approach. Dental implants, long‐term provisional restoration, tooth bleaching, minimally veneered high‐translucent monolithic zirconia crowns, feldspathic veneers, and composite restorations were used by the dental team to achieve the expected functional and esthetic outcomes.ConclusionsDifferent treatment modalities are available for the rehabilitation of congenital absence of teeth. However, it is important that a dental team consider performing minimally invasive treatments, as many of these treatments are done on young patients.Clinical SignificancePatient‐centered treatments involving minimally invasive approaches in a multidisciplinary environment would be appropriate in order to achieve predictable results.
Serum sodium as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Bossen Lars , Ginès Pere , Vilstrup Hendrik , Watson Hugh , Jepsen Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimHyponatremia is associated with development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but the nature of the relationship between serum sodium and HE incidence is unknown. We examined the association between serum sodium, changes in serum sodium, and HE incidence using data from three randomized trials of satavaptan in cirrhosis patients with ascites.MethodsDuring follow‐up, patients were examined for HE, and serum sodium was measured regularly. We used fractional polynomials to estimate the nature of the association between current serum sodium and hazard rate of HE (e.g. with a linear, logarithmic, or exponential slope) and Cox regression to adjust for confounders. Moreover, we examined the association between serum sodium at inclusion and 30‐day and 1‐year cumulative risk of HE. Finally, we examined the effect of “change in serum sodium since inclusion” on the hazard rate of HE.ResultsWe included 1116 patients of whom 302 developed HE. Median serum sodium at inclusion was 137 (interquartile range, 134–139). The lower the current serum sodium, the higher the rate of HE. Specifically, the confounder‐adjusted HE hazard rate increased linearly by 8% (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.10) for every mmol/L decrease in serum sodium over the range of measured values. Current serum sodium had a stronger effect on the HE rate than the changes in serum sodium since inclusion.ConclusionThe hazard rate of HE development increased by 8% for every mmol/L decrease in serum sodium. Further, current serum sodium had a stronger effect on the HE rate than changes in serum sodium.
A Feminist Catholic Response to the Social Sin of Rape Culture
Authors: McCabe Megan K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite pervasive sexual violence against women, especially the extensive problem of rape on college campuses, there is virtually no Catholic response. This paper seeks to fill this lacunae by examining campus rape culture as an instance of social sin. Within this sinful social reality, rape is not deviant, but is the extreme manifestation of gender norms and expectations that construct femininity as sexual availability and masculinity as sexual aggression and dominance. Participation in the sin of rape culture may range from actions of student and administrative bystanders to the everyday and mundane way that individuals live their gendered and sexual selves. In response, I offer three theological resources for moving toward transformation of rape culture into one that fosters the full human flourishing of all: interruption, conscience, and solidarity.
Not Far from the Kingdom: Martha Nussbaum on Anger and Forgiveness
Authors: Jackson Timothy P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Anger and Forgiveness, Martha Nussbaum offers a magisterial brief against what she calls “retribution” and “garden‐variety anger.” She does not write as a Christian, but there is much for a Christian ethicist to admire in her learned and creative treatment of moral emotion, including her defense of generosity. Professor Nussbaum is not far from the kingdom of God. I argue, nevertheless, that she blurs or erodes four important distinctions, between justice and love, anger and hatred, retribution and revenge, and utility and sanctity. The upshot is that her call for compassion degenerates into injustice. To justify this appraisal, I lay out Nussbaum’s normative case, identify three major theoretical difficulties with that case, examine briefly the teachings of Socrates and Jesus in relation to revolutionary justice, then note an admitted complexity.
Relationship between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and anemia in dogs
Authors: Stanley Emma , Appleman Elizabeth , Schlag Ariel , Siegel Andrea 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundMegaloblastic, nonregenerative anemia is a well‐known consequence of cobalamin or folate deficiencies in humans but is not recognized in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic dogs. Establishment of relationships between hypocobalaminemia or hypofolatemia and hematologic disease would encourage vitamin B testing, and potentially supplementation, in anemic dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of anemia in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic dogs and to report the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia and nonregenerative anemia, macrocytosis, and anisocytosis in anemic dogs.AnimalsOne hundred and fourteen client‐owned dogs with known serum cobalamin and folate concentrations and CBCs and 42 client‐owned anemic dogs.MethodsRetrospective comparison of anemia prevalence in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic and normocobalaminemic or normofolatemic dogs was performed. Prospective measurement of erythrocyte variables and cobalamin and folate concentrations in anemic dogs was carried out; relationships among hypocobalaminemia and regenerative status, mean corpuscular volume, and red cell distribution width were evaluated.ResultsSignificant differences in prevalence of anemia between hypocobalaminemic (36%) and normocobalaminemic dogs (26%; P = .23) or between hypofolatemic (31%) and normofolatemic dogs (30%; P = .99) were not detected. Between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic dogs, no significant differences in prevalence of nonregenerative anemia (69% vs 63%; P = .65), macrocytosis (17% vs 0%; P = .53), or anisocytosis (28% vs 0%; P = .14) were detected. Anemic dogs had high prevalence of vitamin B deficiencies (nonregenerative: 64% hypocobalaminemic, 18% hypofolatemic; regenerative: 57% hypocobalaminemic, 21% hypofolatemic).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe association between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and macrocytic, nonregenerative anemia established in humans is not routinely present in dogs.
Management factors and clinical implications of glandular and squamous gastric disease in horses
Authors: Sykes Benjamin W. , Bowen Mark , Habershon‐Butcher Jocelyn L. , Green Martin , Hallowell Gayle D. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundTo date, risk factors for equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) have not been described in Thoroughbred racehorses.ObjectivesTo determine management factors associated with EGGD, identify clinical signs in affected horses, and compare these to equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD).AnimalsThe study was carried out on 109 Thoroughbred racehorses from 8 training yards (3 in the United Kingdom and 5 in Australia).MethodsGastroscopic examination alongside a questionnaire regarding management, feeding, exercise, and health.ResultsManagement factors and clinical signs were different for EGGD versus ESGD. Exercising ≥5 days per week was associated with a 10.4 times (95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.34‐26.9) increased risk of EGGD. Horses racing below expectation were 3.7 times (95% CI: 1.1‐16.7) more likely to have EGGD. Trainer was also identified as a risk factor for EGGD. Time in work ≤6 weeks was associated with a decreased risk of ESGD (odds ratio [OR] 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1‐0.99). Horses aggressive to humans were less likely to have ESGD (OR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03‐0.54). Horses with stereotypies were more likely to have ESGD (OR 5.0; 95% CI: 1.6‐15.9).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe findings of our study further support the notion that EGGD should be considered as a distinct disease entity to ESGD. Exercising ≤4 days per week could reduce the risk of EGGD. Horses with EGGD are more likely to perform below expectation and, as such, EGGD might be performance limiting in some affected individuals. Stress minimization could reduce the risk of EGGD.
Clinical features of canine pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Authors: Reinero Carol R. , Jutkowitz L. Ari , Nelson Nathan , Masseau Isabelle , Jennings Samuel , Williams Kurt 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHistologic features of pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease (PVOD) and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) have been described in dogs but without a thorough clinical description.ObjectivesTo report the clinical features, diagnostics, treatment, and outcome of dogs with histologic evidence of PVOD and PCH.AnimalsFifteen pet dogs meeting histopathologic criteria of PVOD (occlusive remodeling of small‐sized to medium‐sized pulmonary veins) or PCH (alveolar capillary proliferation and congestion), or both.MethodsMedical records of dogs with PVOD and PCH identified based on histopathologic features between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsFifteen dogs met inclusion criteria of a histologic diagnosis of PVOD or PCH or both. Dogs were older (median 11 years) with no apparent breed or sex predisposition. Dogs presented with acute clinical signs (median 3 days), usually respiratory distress. Thoracic radiography (available in 10 dogs) revealed right cardiomegaly and patchy or diffuse interstitial to alveolar patterns, with 9 dogs having a normal left cardiac silhouette. In 5 dogs tested, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) was documented. In all 3 dogs, thoracic computed tomography scans showed pulmonary arterial enlargement and perivascular diffuse nodular ground‐glass opacities. Ten of 15 dogs died within 1 day; median survival was 3 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn dogs with PAH, the inability to document left‐sided congestive heart failure and failure to identify another cause of signs of respiratory disease should increase suspicion for PVOD and PCH. With increased awareness of PVOD and PCH by clinicians and pathologists, dogs with compatible clinicopathologic features should be evaluated for these pulmonary vascular disorders.
Outcome and complications in goats treated by perineal urethrostomy for obstructive urolithiasis: 25 cases (2010‐2017)
Authors: Oman Rachel E. , Reppert Emily J. , Streeter Robert N. , Jones Meredyth 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundObstructive urolithiasis commonly affects male goats. Perineal urethrostomy (PU) can be a permanent treatment option but is generally considered undesirable because of the risk of stricture of the urethral stoma. Limited information exists regarding long‐term outcome and complications in goats undergoing PU for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis.ObjectivesTo determine short‐term and long‐term outcome and complications in goats undergoing PU for treatment of obstructive urolithiasis.AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned goats.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective case series.ResultsOf the 25 goats, 13 (52%) were alive at the time of follow‐up. Mean time from surgery to follow‐up was 34 months (range, 4‐65). Nine goats (36%) died between discharge and follow‐up with a mean survival time of 46 days (range, 5‐120). Cause of death in 7 of 9 (78%) goats was related to urolithiasis. Goats treated by use of a modified proximal perineal urethrostomy (MPPU) were significantly more likely to survive at least 150 days postoperatively (P < .01). The most common postoperative complications were hemorrhage (10/25 [40%]) and surgical site infection (3/25 [12%]). Hemorrhage was significantly associated with MPPU (P < .0001). Stricture of the surgical stoma occurred in 7 of 22 (32%) discharged goats. Mean time to stricture was 65 days (range, 10‐240).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePerineal urethrostomy can provide effective long‐term resolution of obstructive urolithiasis in goats. Re‐obstruction or stricture seems most likely within the 1st 2 months after surgery. MPPU may provide better long‐term results but should be approached cautiously because it can be associated with life‐threatening hemorrhage.
Community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programme in Pakistan effectively treats children with uncomplicated severe wasting
Authors: Aguayo Víctor M. , Badgaiyan Nina , Qadir Syed Saeed , Bugti Ali Nasir , Alam Muhammad Mazhar , Nishtar Noureen , Galvin Melanie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSevere wasting is the most widespread form of severe acute malnutrition, affecting an estimated 17 million children globally. This analysis assesses the effectiveness of Pakistan's community management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) programme. We conducted a retrospective case series analysis of 32,458 children aged 6–59 months who were admitted to the programme with a mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) < 115 mm (January 1–December 31, 2014). We found that at admission, 59.6% of the children were girls and 87.4% were in the age group 6–23 months old. While in the programme, 120 children (0.4%) died, 3,456 (10.6%) defaulted, and 28,882 (89.0%) were discharged after a mean length of stay of 69.3 ± 25.7 days. Children's mean weight gain while in the programme was 3.2 ± 2.7 g/kg body weight/day. At discharge, 28,499 children (98.7% of discharged) had recovered (MUAC ≥ 125 mm). The odds of death were significantly higher among children with weight‐for‐height (WHZ) < −3 and/or height‐for‐age (HAZ) < −2 at admission. The odds of recovery on the basis of MUAC ≥125 mm were higher among children with HAZ ≥ −2 at admission. The odds of recovery on the basis of WHZ ≥ −2 were significantly higher among children with WHZ ≥ −3 and/or HAZ < −2 at admission. Pakistan's CMAM programme is effective in achieving good survival and recovery rates. Population‐level impact could be increased by giving priority to children 6–23 months old and children with multiple anthropometric failure and by scaling up CMAM in the provinces and areas where the risk, prevalence, and/or burden of severe acute malnutrition is highest.
Birthweight and feeding practices are associated with child growth outcomes in South Asia
Authors: Harding Kassandra L. , Aguayo Víctor M. , Webb Patrick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough there has been a focus on preventing stunting over the past decade, wasting has received less policy and programmatic attention. Recent national surveys from six South Asian countries were pooled to generate a dataset of 62,509 children aged 0 to 59 months to explore associations between low birthweight (LBW) and suboptimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices with child wasting, severe wasting, and the co‐occurrence of wasting and stunting. Logistic regression models accounted for the surveys' clustered designs and adjusted for a potential confounding factors. Children with reported LBW had significantly higher odds of being wasted (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.60 [1.45, 1.76]) or severely wasted (1.57 [1.34, 1.83]), compared with non‐LBW children. Similarly, children aged 0 to 23 months who were not breastfed within the first hour post‐partum, those who were provided prelacteal feeds, and those aged 0 to 5 months who were not exclusively breastfed, were more likely to be wasted (P < 0.05 for all three feeding practices). In India, not achieving minimum diet diversity and minimum adequate diet were significantly associated with the co‐occurrence of stunting and wasting. In other words, many key domains of concern to development agents who seek to address stunting are also of direct concern to those focused on wasting. The co‐occurrence of wasting and stunting requires more integrated interventions. That is, programmes aimed at preventing LBW and poor IYCF to avert stunting should be linked more effectively with actions aimed at the management of wasting.
Association between stunting and early childhood development among children aged 36–59 months inSouth Asia
Authors: Kang Yunhee , Aguayo Víctor M. , Campbell Rebecca K. , West Keith P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStunting (length‐for‐agezscore < −2) before 2 years of age has shown associations with poor child developmental indicators, but information at the population level is scarce in South Asia, the region with the highest burden of stunting. We examined associations betweenzscores (i.e., height for age [HAZ], weight for age [WAZ], and weight for height [WHZ]) and undernutrition (i.e., stunting [HAZ < −2], wasting [WHZ < −2], and underweight [WAZ < −2]) with learning/cognition and social–emotional development among children 36–59 months of age. Data fromMultiple Indicator Cluster Surveysin Bangladesh (n = 8,659), Bhutan (n = 2,038), Nepal (n = 2,253), and Pakistan (Punjabn = 11,369 and Sindhn = 6,718) were used. Children were considered developmentally “on‐track” in learning/cognition or social–emotional domains if they met specific early child development criteria. Meta‐analysis was conducted to examine regional associations, adjusting for socio‐economic status, early childhood education, and quality of care. In a pooled sample, on‐track learning/cognition development was positively associated with HAZ (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.07, 1.27]) and WAZ (OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.07, 1.31]) and negatively associated with stunting (OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.60, 0.86]) and underweight (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66, 0.86]) but not associated with WHZ or wasting. On‐track development of social–emotional domain was not associated with anyzscores or undernutrition indicators. Across several countries of South Asia, stunted children were less likely to be developmentally “on track” for learning/cognition. It is likely that interventions that prevent stunting may benefit child development, leading to significant individual and societal gains given the large burden of child stunting in regions like South Asia.
Predictors of complementary feeding practices in Afghanistan: Analysis of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Na Muzi , Aguayo Víctor M. , Arimond Mary , Mustaphi Piyali , Stewart Christine P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite improvements over the past 20 years, high burdens of child mortality and undernutrition still coexist in Afghanistan. Global evidence indicates that complementary feeding (CF) practices predict child survival and nutritional status. Our study aims to describe CF practices in Afghanistan and to discern underlying predictors of CF by analysing data from Afghanistan's 2015 Demographic and Healthy Survey. Multilevel models were constructed comprising potential predictors at individual, household, and community levels and four CF indicators: timely introduction of solid, semi‐solid, or soft foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among breastfed children. INTRO prevalence among children aged 6–8 months was 56%, whereas the prevalence of MMF, MDD, and MAD among children aged 6–23 months was 55%, 23%, and 18%, respectively. Of the seven food groups considered, four were consumed by 20% or fewer children: eggs (20%), legumes and nuts (18%), fruits and vegetables (15%), and flesh foods (14%). Increasing child age and more antenatal care visits were significantly and positively associated with greater odds of meeting all CF indicators. Lower household wealth and lower community‐level access to health care services were associated with lower odds of MDD and MAD. Disparities in achieving recommended CF practices were observed by region. CF practices in Afghanistan are poor and significant socioeconomic inequities in CF are observed across the country. Our study calls for urgent policy and programme attention to improve complementary feeding practices as an intrinsic part of the national development agenda.