bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knockdown of Fidgetin Improves Regeneration of Injured Axons by a Microtubule-Based Mechanism
Authors: Matamoros Andrew J. , Tom Veronica J. , Wu Di , Rao Yash , Sharp David J. , Baas Peter W. 
Published: January 2019

Fidgetin is a microtubule-severing protein that pares back the labile domains of microtubules in the axon. Experimental depletion of fidgetin results in elongation of the labile domains of microtubules and faster axonal growth. To test whetherfidgetinknockdown assists axonal regeneration, we plated dissociated adult rat DRGs transduced using AAV5-shRNA-fidgetinon a laminin substrate with spots of aggrecan, a growth-inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. This cell culture assay mimics the glial scar formed after CNS injury. Aggrecan is more concentrated at the edge of the spot, such that axons growing from within the spot toward the edge encounter a concentration gradient that causes growth cones to become dystrophic and axons to retract or curve back on themselves.Fidgetinknockdown resulted in faster-growing axons on both laminin and aggrecan and enhanced crossing of axons from laminin onto aggrecan. Strikingly, axons from within the spot grew more avidly against the inhibitory aggrecan concentration gradient to cross onto laminin, without retracting or curving back. We also tested whether depleting fidgetin improves axonal regenerationin vivoafter a dorsal root crush in adult female rats. Whereas control DRG neurons failed to extend axons across the dorsal root entry zone after injury, DRG neurons in whichfidgetinwas knocked down displayed enhanced regeneration of axons across the dorsal root entry zone into the spinal cord. Collectively, these results establish fidgetin as a novel therapeutic target to augment nerve regeneration and provide a workflow template by which microtubule-related targets can be compared in the future.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we establish a workflow template from cell culture to animals in which microtubule-based treatments can be tested and compared with one another for their effectiveness in augmenting regeneration of injured axons relevant to spinal cord injury. The present work uses a viral transduction approach to knock downfidgetinfrom rat neurons, which coaxes nerve regeneration by elevating microtubule mass in their axons. Unlike previous strategies using microtubule-stabilizing drugs,fidgetinknockdown adds microtubule mass that is labile (rather than stable), thereby better recapitulating the growth status of a developing axon.
Draft Genome Assembly and Population Genetics of an Agricultural Pollinator, the Solitary Alkali Bee (Halictidae:Nomia melanderi)
Authors: Kapheim Karen M , Pan Hailin , Li Cai , Blatti Charles , Harpur Brock A , Ioannidis Panagiotis , Jones Beryl M , Kent Clement F , Ruzzante Livio , Sloofman Laura , Stolle Eckart , Waterhouse Robert M , Zayed Amro , Zhang Guojie , Wcislo William T 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlkali bees (Nomia melanderi) are solitary relatives of the halictine bees, which have become an important model for the evolution of social behavior, but for which few solitary comparisons exist. These ground-nesting bees defend their developing offspring against pathogens and predators, and thus exhibit some of the key traits that preceded insect sociality. Alkali bees are also efficient native pollinators of alfalfa seed, which is a crop of major economic value in the United States. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated a high-quality draft genome of 299.6 Mbp for this species. Repetitive content makes up more than one-third of this genome, and previously uncharacterized transposable elements are the most abundant type of repetitive DNA. We predicted 10,847 protein coding genes, and identify 479 of these undergoing positive directional selection with the use of population genetic analysis based on low-coverage whole genome sequencing of 19 individuals. We found evidence of recent population bottlenecks, but no significant evidence of population structure. We also identify 45 genes enriched for protein translation and folding, transcriptional regulation, and triglyceride metabolism evolving slower in alkali bees compared to other halictid bees. These resources will be useful for future studies of bee comparative genomics and pollinator health research.
Artifacts, Visual Modeling and Constructionism: To Look More Closely, to Watch What Happens
Authors: Clayson James E. 
Published: January 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
Constructionists operationalize a powerful notion they share with constructivists: individual learning is facilitated by building models of specific ideas, concepts, methods, objects, environments, feelings, dreams, memories and sounds using the learner’s current stock of knowledge. Constructionists do this by building models or artifacts that can be externally manipulated, interrogated by their builder, and verbally shared with others. Constructionists believe that new knowledge is created during these discussions. Constructionism is rich with heuristic methods for both finding and constructing artifacts and for discussing these artifacts privately and publicly. Constructionists argue that both constructing and discussing are necessary for deep sense-making.
This paper describes one specific constructionist learning method: visual modeling. It illustrates one educator’s approach, developed in the classroom over a 40-year period. It references the relevant literature; describes its pedagogic approach, materials and outcomes; and it offers a step-by-step example of one student’s thinking process. Finally, it presents – in appropriate narrative form – 15 arguments why the visual component extends the constructionist project and should be integrated into more educational programs.
Contraceptive Initiation Among Women in the United States: Timing, Methods Used, and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Murray Horwitz Mara E. , Ross-Degnan Dennis , Pace Lydia E. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Timely contraceptive initiation is increasingly common, yet population trends by method and among subgroups with increased risk of unintended pregnancy are not well described. The impact of timing and type of contraceptive initiation on risk of unwanted pregnancy is unknown.

METHODS:
We used nationally representative cross-sectional data from 4 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth, 2002–2015. We calculated outcomes from self-reported dates of sexual debut, contraceptive initiation, and unwanted pregnancy. We compared trends in timely contraceptive initiation (within 1 month of sexual debut) by method and by race and/or ethnicity and income. Using multivariable regression, we identified predictors of delayed contraceptive initiation. We compared the risk of unwanted pregnancy for delayed versus timely contraceptive initiation.

RESULTS:
We analyzed responses from 26 359 women with sexual debuts in 1970–2014. One in 5 overall and 1 in 4 African American, Hispanic, or low-income respondents reported delayed contraceptive initiation, which was associated with unwanted pregnancy within 3 months of sexual debut (adjusted risk ratio 3.7 versus timely contraceptive initiation; 99.9% confidence interval: 2.3–5.9; P &lt; .001). Timely contraceptive initiation with less effective versus effective methods was not associated with unwanted pregnancy within 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Delayed contraceptive initiation is more common among African American, Hispanic, and low-income women and is strongly associated with short-term risk of unwanted pregnancy. Pediatricians play a key role in making timely contraception available to adolescents at or before sexual debut. More research is needed to understand the importance of early contraceptive methods on pregnancy risk.
Una civilización del odio
Authors: Sauret Marie-Jean 
Published: January 2019

El odio caracterizaría nuestra época, aún si este es de “un acceso menos fácil a nuestro consentimiento”. Para esclarecer la paradoja —odio, civilización, consentimiento— estos conceptos serán interrogados cruzando la lógica del discurso analítico con la lógica neoliberal que preside “nuestro” destino. “El odio es una pasión del ser” al que este apunta, ¿pero por qué el ser desencadena el odio? Este examen nos lleva de lo real del sujeto hacia el odio a Dios: lo trascendente religioso responde a lo impensable del sujeto. Por añadidura, si el discurso capitalista rechaza las cosas del amor, ¿acaso no forcluye el odio de la misma manera? El psicoanálisis permite pensar una sociedad de “la no relación”; ciertamente restaura la posibilidad de tomar la medida de su propio odio, pero también de darle lugar al amor.
Del padre del odio al odio al padre
Authors: Mendelsohn Sophie 
Published: January 2019

Volviendo a poner en juego el mito del asesinato del padre en la era contemporánea, este artículo hace un intento por evaluar, tanto en las modalidades de organización subjetiva como en la conducción de la cura, los destinos diferenciados de la represión y de la desmentida de la figura original del padre, porque es a él a quien se dirige estructuralmente el odio.
The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> porous ceramic's preparation due to the zonal densification during the sintering of the powder blanks out of the finely dispersed alumina powder PAP-2's combustion end products
Authors: Ivanov D. A. , Sitnikov A. I. , Val'yano G. E. , Borodina T. I. , Shlyapin S. D. 
Published: January 2019

The engineering aspects are regarded for the porous α-Al2O3 eramics' preparation under the zonal densifcation during the powder blanks sintering formed out of the fnely dispersed end products of the alumina powder PAP-2's ﬂake particles air combustion. It was demonstrated that the porous structure in the sintering material was forming by means of local pulloﬀ mechanism which had eﬀect at the agglomerated particle boundaries creating the open interagglomerate porous, as well as by the sealed intragranular porous system's arising. The obtained ceramics properties are the following: the density is 2,45 g/cm3, total porosity is 39 %, open porosity is 30 %, sealed porosity is 9 %, the ultimate bending strength 50‒60 MPa.Ill. 6. Ref. 16. Tab. 1.
A Pragma-stylistic-assessment of Three Translations of the Meanings of Surratt Fatir into English
Authors: Mohammed Ali Albashir , Ahmed Majda Babiker , Abdullah Dina Ali 
Published: January 2019

The current paper aims at investigating the stylistic constrains encounter the translators of the Holy Qura'n into English, through analysis and comparison, the incongruities and disparities of meaning and style in translating the Qur'anic pragama- stylistic expressions into English, that is in the work of Mohammed Abdel Haleem, Pickthall and Mohammed Khan and Taj Al-Din Al-Hilalim (.http://www.aijcrnet.com/journal/index/1128.The study found that different translation strategies could lead to different translated versions of the same Qur'anic pragama-stylistics. Also, Qur'anic pragma-stylistic differences between Arabic and English languages seem to give rise to mistranslations as far as the religious text of Qur'anic texts. It is hoped that the study will cast new light on main important idea that the translators of the Holy Qur'an should consult the main books of exegesis, linguistics, philosophy, intertextuality, jurisprudence and history, etc., when he/she tries to render the Qur'anic prgama-stylistics.
Impact of physical therapy on muscle strength in patients with degenerative hip changes
Authors: Tanovic Edina , Talić-Tanović Adnana , Omerović Đemil , Mekić Mevludin , Zovko-Omeragić Vanda , Selimović Senad 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: An increasing number of people suffer from degenerative diseases of the hip joints. Many studies report the long-term outcomes of invasive therapy in the treatment of coxarthrosis. However, results of prolonged conservative treatment are scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of prolonged conservative physical therapy on functional recovery of degenerative hip changes.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 47 patients diagnosed with coxarthrosis according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Data on sex and age, duration of physical therapy, the type of physical therapy, the values of manual muscle test (MMT) at admission and discharge, were taken from the medical records of the patients.
Results: There were 76.6% female and 23.4% male patients. Half of the patients were 70 or more years old. Majority of patients were treated by kinesiotherapy (74.5%) and had significantly different (p < 0.05) values of MMT at admission and discharge. Duration of treatment was 10-20 days for 23.4% of patients, while 29.8% received treatment for 31-40 days.
Conclusion: According to our results, MMT significantly improved at the end of the treatment. Thus, physical therapy had a positive effect on the recovery of muscle strength in patients with coxarthrosis.
Main Lines of Chinese Foreign Policy from the Opening to the Present
Authors: Martín Rafael 
Published: January 2019

The history of the international relations of the People’s Republic of China contains lines of action that should not go unnoticed. These lines are the consequence of the extraordinary circumstances that have surrounded the country since its proclamation in 1949, then within the framework of the Cold War, but with a huge burden of personality and ideology. Chinese history and culture, thus, have shaped their own context from which the events that took place around them were understood. The energetic personality of Mao and his ideology, the pragmatism of Deng Xiaoping, and the vicissitudes experienced by the world from the Cold War to the present, have created a cosmos of diverse circumstances that nevertheless do not detract from the fact that Chinese diplomacy has wellmarked lines of action, flexible, but immutable in time, and which are typical of their personality and idiosyncrasy. To understand the international relations of a country is to understand the soul of its citizens, because this is often reflected in the others. China has lived these years its inclusion in the new global world without forgetting thepatterns that were already recognizable in distant times.
Nacionalismo, esportes e TV, uma reflexão sobre significados: entrevista com Marco Roxo
Authors: Francisconi Götz Ciro Augusto 
Published: January 2019

Nesta entrevista, o professor doutor e mestre em Comunicação pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal Fluminense, graduado em Comunicação Social/Jornalismo pela mesma universidade, Marco Roxo, discorre sobre formatos e os múltiplos significados associados à mediatização de grandes eventos esportivos por emissoras de TV. Durante o período de Copa do Mundo Fifa de futebol masculino, umas das questões que volta à discussão é a da nacionalização. Sendo assim, torna-se importante refletir sobre a autoridade jornalística e seu papel na mediação.
Using the arterial spins labeling method (ASL-perfusion) for evaluation of glioblastoma residual tissue
Authors: Bunak M. S. , Vishnyakova M. V. , Stashuk G. A. , Biktimirov R. G. 
Published: January 2019

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of ASL-perfusion as a method of estimating of hemodynamics and detection of residual tumor tissue after surgical treatment of glioblastoma.Material and methods. 56 patients after brain tumor’s surgical resection of glioblastoma (GRADE IV). CBF values were determined in 3 different areas - in the presumed tumor tissue with maximum perfusion, in the postoperative scar tissue and in the deep white matter of the opposite hemisphere. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to CBF value.Results. 1st group: 38 (67.9%) patients - the average CBF in suspected tumor was 137.6±35.2 (79.6-227.6) ml/100 g/min. It was 6-8 times higher than CBF in the deep white matter of the opposite hemisphere, and 5-6 times higher than in the postoperative scars.2nd group: 18 (32.1%) patients with no pathological elevation of CBF in postoperative scar tissue. CBF there was 22.3±5.9 (13.9-37.1) ml/100 g/min. CBF in white matter in the contralateral hemisphere was similar.There was no significant differences in CBF of scar tissue (p=0,52) and in white matter of contralateral hemisphere (p=0,96) in both groups.Conclusion. The possibilities of ASL-perfusion are enough to estimating of hemodynamics and detection of residual tumor tissue after surgical removed glioblastoma.
Noninvasive evaluation of density of coronary and carotid calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Masenko V. L. , Kokov A. N. , Semenov S. E. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: January 2019

Objective. To estimate the density of calcium deposits of atherosclerotic plaques of coronary and carotid arteries in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 using multislice computed tomography (MSCT).Material and methods. 251 patients with multifocal atherosclerosis (MA) were examined using MSCT. Determined equivalent density of calcium deposits (EDCD) atherosclerotic plaque of coronary and carotid arteries.Results. According to the data of MSCT in patients with MA irrespective of concomitant diabetes was a high incidence of calcification of the coronary and carotid arteries. In Group 1 EDCD coronary arteries was 0.235 (0.214; 0.254) mg/mm3, in the group 2 - 0,219 (0,192; 0,242) mg/mm3. EDCD of carotid arteries in patients with diabetes was 0.183 (0.171; 0.193) mg/mm3, in patients without diabetes - 0.226 (0.199; 0.247) mg/mm3. There was a significant difference in the groups EDCD values for coronary (p = 0.017), and the carotid (p = 0.000003) artery.Conclusion. Using index EDCD obtained on the basis of routine MSCT coronary and carotid arteries in patients with MA with DM compared with those without diabetes had significantly higher density calcifications in projection of coronary and low density of calcium deposits carotid arteries without regard to the degree of Agatston calcification scale.
Diagnostic value of radiography and ultrasound for suspected acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
Authors: Polkovnikova S. A. , Zavadovskaya V. D. , Mashkov V. M. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:to evaluate the informativeness of ultrasonography and radiography in the early diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children.Material and methods. Children (from 3 weeks to 1 year old) with suspected acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (n = 40) were examined and X-rays and ultrasound scan of the affected skeleton were performed. 39 (97.5%) of children underwent surgery.Results.Radiography in the first 3 days of the disease gave only false-negative results. On the 5th-7th day of the disease, the fuzziness of the outline of the growth zone, the uneven contour of the ossification core, was found, which resulted in 33% sensitivity. X-ray symptoms of bone destruction were obtained in the second week of the disease in 83% of the subjects.The resultsof ultrasound examination in the first 3 days of the disease exceeded the radiographic parameters and corresponded to 66.7% of sensitivity based on the definition of increased vascularization of edematous parasal soft tissues, epiphyseal cartilage. On the 5th-7th days of the disease, local hyperechoic areas were found in the epiphyseal cartilage, with additional color signals around it, an uneven contour of the ossification nucleus, which almost equalized the sensitivity parameters of X-ray and ultrasound studies (83.33% and 88.8%, respectively).The most sensitive, specific and accurate are the studies in the third week from the onset of the disease, in determining the sites of destruction in the metaphysis and the nucleus of ossification of the epiphysis, both in X-ray and ultrasound studies.Conclusion.X-ray and ultrasound studies should be considered complementary modalities for obtaining optimally complete information about the morphological substrate of the pathological inflammatory process.
Dampak Upah Minimum terhadap Probabilitas Keluar dari Sektor Formal
Authors: Tridiana Clara , Widyawati Diah 
Published: January 2019

The effectiveness of minimum wages is still debated, even though minimum wage regulation increases worker’s wages, yet it causes “disemployment effect”. This study aims to identify differences in minimum wages impact on probabilities out of formal sector for unskilled and skilled workers. The type of skill used is based on job classiﬁcation. Using Sakernas data in August 2010 and 2015, probit regression was conducted to estimate minimum wages impact on probabilities out of formal sector on skilled and unskilled workers. Based on analysis, minimum wage on probability of exit from formal sector is higher for unskilled workers than skilled workers. ============================= Efektivitas penerapan upah minimum masih diperdebatkan, karena meskipun upah minimum meningkatkan upah pekerja, namun di sisi lain dapat menyebabkan “disemployment effect”. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentiﬁkasi perbedaan dampak upah minimum terhadap probabilitas keluar dari sektor formal pada tenaga kerja tidak terampil dan terampil. Tipe keterampilan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan klasiﬁkasi jenis pekerjaan. Dengan menggunakan data Sakernas Agustus 2010 dan 2015, penelitian ini menggunakan regresi probit untuk mengestimasi dampak upah minimum terhadap probabilitas keluar dari sektor formal pada tenaga kerja terampil dan tidak terampil. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah dampak upah minimum terhadap probabilitas keluar dari sektor formal lebih tinggi pada tenaga kerja tidak terampil dibandingkan tenaga kerja terampil.
Effects of intravenous infusion of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine on inhibiting cough during the tracheal extubation period after thyroid surgery
Authors: Hu Shenghong Hu Shenghong , Li Yuanhai , Wang Shengbin , Xu Siqi , Ju Xia , Ma Li 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine treatments have been proposed as methods for inhibiting cough. We compared the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine treatments on inhibiting cough during the tracheal extubation period after thyroid surgery.
Methods: One hundred eighty patients undergoing thyroid surgeries were randomly allocated to the LIDO group (received lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg loading, 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion), the DEX group (received dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg loading, 0.4 µg/kg/h infusion) and the CON group (received saline), with 60 cases in each group. The incidences and severities of cough were recorded within 2 minutes after the extubations. Hemodynamic variables were measured at T0 (before the induction of anesthesia), T1 (immediately after the extubation) and T2 (5 minutes after extubation). The volume of drainage was recorded within 24 hours after the surgeries.
Results: The incidences of cough were significantly lower in the LIDO group (28.3%) and the DEX group (31.7%) than in the CON group (66.7%) (P=0.000). Additionally, both moderate and severe cough were significantly lower in the LIDO group (13.3%) and the DEX group (13.4%) than in the CON group (43.4%) (P<0.05). Compared with the two treatment groups, both mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were significantly increased in the CON group at T1 and T2 (P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the volume of drainage was significantly reduced in the two treatment groups within 24 hours after surgery (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Both intravenous infusions of lidocaine and dexmedetomidine had equal effectiveness in attenuating cough, hypertension, and tachycardia during the tracheal extubation period in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the reduction of postoperative drainage between the two treatments.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800017482 (date of registration August 2018).
Keywords: Lidocaine, Dexmedetomidine, Cough, Thyroid surgery.