bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of reliable improvement rates in depression and anxiety at the end of treatment in adolescents
Authors: Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Wolpert Miranda , Zamperoni Victoria , Napoleone Elisa , Bear Holly 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundLiterature has focused on effect sizes rather than individual-level improvement rates to determine how effectively services address burgeoning numbers of adolescents with anxiety and depression.AimsTo consider how many adolescents report reliable improvement in anxiety, depression and comorbid depression and anxiety by end of treatment.MethodThe primary outcome was reliable improvement (i.e. change greater than likely the result of measurement error) in self-reported anxiety and depression for N = 4464 adolescents (mean age 14.5 years, s.d. = 1.9; 75% female; 61% White) seen in specialist mental health services in England.ResultsIn total, 53% of those with anxiety, 44% with depression, and 35% with comorbid depression and anxiety showed reliable improvement.ConclusionsImprovement rates were higher than previously reported, but lower than generally used in advice to the public. There may be a need to set more realistic expectations, including with young people who seek help.Declaration of interestAll authors were involved in the programme of service transformation that this report draws on. M.W. led the outcomes and evaluation group that agreed the approach to measurement used in the initiative.
Creating boundaries to empower digital health technology
Authors: Hsin Honor , Torous John 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe potential of digital health tools such as smartphones and sensors to increase access to and enhance delivery of healthcare is well known. However, a lack of regulation and delineation between those technologies seeking to offer direct clinical diagnostics and treatments and those involving clinical care enhancements or direct-to-consumer resources has led to patient and clinician confusion about the appropriate use and role of digital health. Here, we propose that creating boundaries and better defining the scope of digital health technology will advance the field through matching the right use cases with the right tools. We further propose that ethical clinicians, as stewards of standard of care, are well suited to uphold these boundaries and to safeguard best practices in digital health.Declaration of interestH.H. is an employee of Verily Life Sciences and owns equity in this company. The views expressed here are those of the authors and are not official views of Verily Life Sciences.
Risk of Solid Cancer After Treatment of Testicular Germ Cell Cancer in the Platinum Era
Authors: Groot Harmke J. , Lubberts Sjoukje , de Wit Ronald , Witjes Johannes A. , Kerst Jan Martijn , de Jong Igle J. , Groenewegen Gerard , van den Eertwegh Alfons J.M. , Poortmans Philip M. , Klümpen Heinz-Josef , van den Berg Hetty A. , Smilde Tineke J. , Vanneste Ben G.L. , Aarts Maureen J. , Incrocci Luca , van den Bergh Alfons C.M. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , van den Belt-Dusebout Alexandra W. , Horenblas Simon , Gietema Jourik A. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Schaapveld Michael 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Testicular cancer (TC) treatment increases risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). It is unknown whether changes in TC treatment over time have affected SMN risk. Methods Solid SMN risk was evaluated in a multicenter cohort comprising 5,848 1-year survivors treated for TC before age 50 years between 1976 and 2007. SMN incidence was compared with cancer incidence in the general population. Treatment-specific risks were assessed using multivariable regression in a case-cohort design. Results After a median follow-up of 14.1 years, 350 solid SMNs were observed, translating into a 1.8-fold (95% CI, 1.6-2.0) increased risk compared with general population rates. Solid SMN risk was increased in patients with seminoma and those with nonseminoma (standardized incidence ratio, 1.52 and 2.21, respectively). Patients with nonseminoma experienced increased risk of SMNs of the thyroid, lung, stomach, pancreas, colon, and bladder and of melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma, whereas those with seminoma experienced increased risk of SMNs of the small intestine, pancreas, and urinary bladder. The 25-year cumulative incidence of solid SMNs was 10.3% (95% CI, 9.0% to 11.6%). In multivariable analysis, platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with increased risk of a solid SMN (hazard ratio [HR], 2.40; 95% CI, 1.58 to 3.62), colorectal SMN (HR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.67 to 8.92), and noncolorectal GI SMN (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 2.28 to 10.95). Receipt of platinum 400 to 499 and ≥ 500 mg/m2 increased solid SMN risk compared with surgery only (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.40 to 4.23 and HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.90, respectively), whereas risk was not significantly increased with lower doses (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.90 to 3.43). The HR of a GI SMN increased by 53% (95% CI, 26% to 80%) per 100 mg/m2 of platinum-containing chemotherapy. The HR of an infradiaphragmatic SMN increased by 8% per Gray of radiation dose administered (95% CI, 6% to 9%; P < .001). Conclusion Radiotherapy and platinum-containing chemotherapy are associated with increased solid SMN risk, specifically with GI SMNs.
Outcome of Patients With Early-Stage Infradiaphragmatic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Sasse Stephanie , Goergen Helen , Plütschow Annette , Böll Boris , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Fuchs Michael , Behringer Karolin , Zijlstra Joseé M. , Greil Richard , Markova Jana , Topp Max S. , Meissner Julia , Neubauer Andreas , Baues Christian , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter , von Tresckow Bastian 
Published: July 2018

Purpose The prognostic effect of isolated infradiaphragmatic involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is controversial, and there are little data about patients treated with current therapies. Therefore, we performed a risk factor analysis to focus on isolated nodal infradiaphragmatic disease in patients treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group trials HD13 (clinical trial information: ISRCTN63474366) and HD14 (clinical trial information: ISRCTN04761296) for early-stage HL. Patients and Methods Characteristics and outcomes of patients who had infradiaphragmatic HL were compared with patients who had supradiaphragmatic disease. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated according to Kaplan-Meier methods and were compared between groups using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression, which was also applied for multivariable analyses that adjusted for relevant baseline characteristics. Results Of 2,903 qualified patients, 223 (7.7%) were diagnosed with isolated nodal infradiaphragmatic disease. In general, these patients were older, had a poorer performance status, were more often male, and had the nodular sclerosis subtype less often than those with supradiaphragmatic disease. After a median follow-up time of 51 months, PFS and OS were significantly worse in patients with infradiaphragmatic disease (5-year PFS and OS, 80.1% and 91.5% v 91.2% and 97.6% in patients with supradiaphragmatic disease; each P < .001). In multivariable analyses, infradiaphragmatic HL remained a significant risk factor in terms of PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.2; P = .03) and OS (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.5; P = .01). However, inferior PFS and OS could not be observed among those patients treated with the more intensive chemotherapy (two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine [ABVD] in HD13, and two cycles of escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone [BEACOPPescalated] plus two cycles of ABVD in HD14; all patients received 30 Gy of involved-field radiotherapy). Conclusion Early-stage HL that presents with infradiaphragmatic disease only represents a distinct patient group with an inferior outcome. However, this adverse outcome can be outweighed by appropriate combined modality treatment.
Long-Lasting Androgen-Induced Cardiometabolic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Torres Fernandez Edgar D , Adams Kristen V , Syed Maryam , Maranon Rodrigo O , Romero Damian G , Yanes Cardozo Licy L 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction and presents with increased cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated blood pressure (BP). We previously reported that administration of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to female rats elicits cardiometabolic derangements similar to those found in women with PCOS. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the DHT-mediated cardiometabolic derangements observed in PCOS are long lasting despite DHT withdrawal. Four-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with DHT (7.5 mg/90 days) or placebo for 6 months. DHT was discontinued (ex-DHT), and rats were followed for 6 additional months. After 6 months of DHT withdrawal, food intake, body weight, fat and lean mass, fasting plasma insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were elevated in ex-DHT rats. BP remained significantly elevated, and enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, normalized BP in ex-DHT rats. Expression of components of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system was increased in ex-DHT rats. The cardiometabolic features found in ex-DHT rats were associated with lower plasma androgen levels but increased expression of renal and adipose tissue androgen receptors. In summary, androgen-induced cardiometabolic effects persisted after DHT withdrawal in a PCOS experimental model. Activation of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in the androgen-mediated increase in BP in ex-DHT. Upregulation of the renal and adipose tissue androgen receptor may explain the long-lasting effects of androgens. In clinical scenarios characterized by hyperandrogenemia in women, prompt normalization of androgen levels may be necessary to prevent their long-lasting cardiometabolic effects.
Eyeball Ecstasy
Authors: Wolski Nathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccording to the Zohar, the most important work of the classical Kabbalah, in prayer the soul of the mystic ascends through seven celestial halls or palaces as part of its quest to unify the male and female aspects of divinity, and thereby stimulates Ein Sof, the infinite aspect of divinity to pour down its bounty. As the soul ascends through the halls—diverse qualities of being, imagined, and experienced as an array of lights—it travels higher and deeper, finally arriving at the imageless seventh hall, Shekhinah, now primed to receive the flow of higher realms. This article argues that the ascent is accomplished through pressing on the eyeball to generate phosphenes and associated entoptic phenomena. The stimulation of the eye’s inner light has been associated with shamanic practices and mystical experience as well as commented on by such thinkers as Plotinus, Albert the Great, and Isaac Newton. This study thus contributes to the growing appreciation of “ecstatic” states in the theosophical Kabbalah.
Diurnal variation in the proinflammatory activity of urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) by in vitro assays
Authors: Lovett Christopher , Cacciottolo Mafalda , Shirmohammadi Farimah , Haghani Amin , Morgan Todd E. , Sioutas Constantinos , Finch Caleb E. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Ambient particulate matter (PM) smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) undergoes diurnal changes in chemical composition due to photochemical oxidation. In this study we examine the relationships between oxidative activity and inflammatory responses associated with these diurnal chemical changes. Because secondary PM contains a higher fraction of oxidized PM species, we hypothesized that PM2.5 collected during afternoon hours would induce a greater inflammatory response than primary, morning PM2.5. Methods: Time-integrated aqueous slurry samples of ambient PM2.5 were collected using a direct aerosol-into-liquid collection system during defined morning and afternoon time periods. PM2.5 samples were collected for 5 weeks in the late summer (August-September) of 2016 at a central Los Angeles site. Morning samples, largely consisting of fresh primary traffic emissions (primary PM), were collected from 6-9am (am-PM2.5), and afternoon samples were collected from 12-4pm (pm-PM2.5), when PM composition is dominated by products of photochemical oxidation (secondary PM). The two diurnally phased PM2.5 slurries (am- and pm-PM2.5) were characterized for chemical composition and BV-2 microglia were assayed in vitro for oxidative and inflammatory gene responses. Results: Contrary to expectations, the am-PM2.5 slurry had more proinflammatory activity than the pm-PM2.5 slurry as revealed by nitric oxide (NO) induction, as well as the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 (MCP-1), as assessed by messenger RNA production. Conclusions: The diurnal differences observed in this study may be in part attributed to the greater content of transition metals and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) of am-PM2.5 (primary PM) vs. pm-PM2.5 (secondary PM), as these two classes of compounds can increase PM2.5 toxicity.
GP perspectives of paramedic referrals to urgent and primary care
Authors: Burns John 
Published: July 2018

Background: This article stemmed from a search for more understanding about how paramedics relate to urgent and primary care (U&PC). Methods: The current study is qualitative, involving interview with seven general practitioners (GPs) in Wirral, Merseyside. Their verbatim evidence was audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed. Findings: There were three superordinate themes established: variability of referrals; the value of referrals sometimes being overlooked; and the need for skills development to improve referrals. Conclusion: The paramedic skillset is essential for appropriate referrals as long as their limitations are considered by GPs, while future research should focus on how paramedic skill bases can evolve in the U&PC community.
Training and scope of practice for orthodontic auxiliaries: where does the uk sit within europe?
Authors: Barber Sophy , Shah Rishma , O'Neill Julian , Murray Alison , Sandler Jonathan , Hodge Trevor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: This article aims to outline the role and training of orthodontic auxiliaries in the UK, including the development of orthodontic therapists (OTs). The limitations and findings from a survey taken to understand the training and scope of orthodontic auxiliaries across Europe are provided and we reflect on the desirability and feasibility of standardized training for OTs, particularly in light of Brexit. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontic auxiliaries are important members of the dental team. It is important that the training, role and scope of practice of all team members are understood to allow safe delegation and supervision.
Documenting queer(ed) punk histories: Instagram, archives and ephemerality
Authors: Rosenberg Shoshana , Sharp Megan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Queer(ed) bodies in punk subculture problematize deeply embedded heterosexual, cismale occupation of space and time. Traditional modes of media and documentation aid in establishing normative perspectives of who participates in punk, and how. Rather than reproducing dominant media expectations, queer people express and explore their self(s) through mediating fleeting-yet-concrete utopias that often leave only ephemeral evidence, but are picked up from the margins of scenes and media by others who know where to find them. This article examines tattooing and its intersection with Instagram digitization as forms of memorialising identity, not necessarily through the artwork of the tattoo, but rather through the praxis and application of its subject. Through a reflexive analysis of interviews with queer people who have been involved with punk, as well as the authors’ autoethnographic reflections on their own experiences as queers in punk scenes and on Instagram, this article explores tattoo practice as a means of creating affective atmospheres and embodying queer futurity. We find that tattoos act as silos for bodily and digital memory, and that their utility for queer punx generates new forms of meaning, mediation and production.
Against anomie: Julio Hernández Cordón’s post-war trilogy – Gasolina/Gasoline (2008), Las marimbas del infierno/The Marimbas of Hell (2010) and Polvo/Dust (2012)
Authors: Grinberg Pla Valeria 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article explores how the feature films Gasolina/Gasoline (2008), Las marimbas del infierno/The Marimbas of Hell (2010) and Polvo/Dust (2012), directed by Julio Hernández Cordón, approach Guatemalan post-war realities using minimalist plots that subvert the principles of mainstream fictional film and in which an experimental impetus plays a key role. I propose a reading of the discursive ambivalence between the experimental, the documentary and traditional fictional cinema that characterizes these three films. They will be seen in relation to their significant contribution to the space of memory cinema, which is directly linked to their indeterminate positions and the oscillation between these differing genres.
High-frequency wall vibrations in a cerebral patient-specific aneurysm model
Authors: Balasso Andrea , Fritzsche Marco , Liepsch Dieter , Prothmann Sascha , Kirschke Jan Stefan , Sindeev Sergey , Frolov Sergey , Friedrich Benjamin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The presence of high-frequency velocity fluctuations in aneurysms have been confirmed by in-vivo measurements and by several numerical simulation studies. Only a few studies have located and recorded wall vibrations in in-vitro experiments using physiological patient models. In this study, we investigated the wall fluctuations produced by a flowing perfusion fluid in a true-to-scale elastic model of a cerebral fusiform aneurysm using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). The model was obtained from patient data. The experimental setup reproduced physiologically relevant conditions using a compliant perfusion system, physiological flow parameters, unsteady flow and a non-Newtonian fluid. Three geometrically identical models with different wall elasticities were used for measurements. The influence of five different flow rates was considered. Wall vibrations were predominantly found at frequencies in the range 40–60 Hz and 255–265 Hz. Their amplitude increased with increasing elasticity of the model, but the spectral peaks remained at about the same frequency. Varying the flow rate produced almost no changes in the frequency domain of the models. The frequency of the spectral peaks varied slightly between points at the lateral wall and at the bottom of the aneurysm. Indeed, embedding the model in a fluid during measurements produced higher and smoother amplitude fluctuations.
Biomechanical analysis of spinal implants with different rod diameters under static and fatigue loads: an experimental study
Authors: Kovacı Halim , Yetim Ali Fatih , Çelik Ayhan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Spinal implants are commonly used in the treatment of spinal disorders or injuries. However, the biomechanical analyses of them are rarely investigated in terms of both biomechanical and clinical perspectives. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rod diameter on the biomechanical behavior of spinal implants and to make a comparison among them. For this purpose, three spinal implants composed of pedicle screws, setscrews and rods, which were manufactured from Ti6Al4V, with diameters of 5.5 mm, 6 mm and 6.35 mm were used and a bilateral vertebrectomy model was applied to spinal systems. Then, the obtained spinal systems were tested under static tension-compression and fatigue (dynamic compression) conditions. Also, failure analyses were performed to investigate the fatigue behavior of spinal implants. After static tension-compression and fatigue tests, it was found that the yield loads, stiffness values, load carrying capacities and fatigue performances of spinal implants enhanced with increasing spinal rod diameter. In comparison to spinal implants with 5.5 mm rods, the fatigue limits of implants showed 13% and 33% improvements in spinal implants having 6 mm and 6.35 mm rods, respectively. The highest static and fatigue test results were obtained from spinal implants having 6.35 mm rods among the tested implants. Also, it was observed that the increasing yield load and stiffness values caused an increase in the fatigue limits of spinal implants.
Robust EOG-based saccade recognition using multi-channel blind source deconvolution
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Bi Ning , Zhang Chao , Gao Xiangping , Lv Zhao 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Human activity recognition (HAR) is a research hotspot in the field of artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. The electrooculography (EOG)-based HAR system has attracted much attention due to its good realizability and great application potential. Focusing on the signal processing method of the EOG-HAR system, we propose a robust EOG-based saccade recognition using the multi-channel convolutional independent component analysis (ICA) method. To establish frequency-domain observation vectors, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is used to process time-domain EOG signals by applying the sliding window technique. Subsequently, we apply the joint approximative diagonalization of eigenmatrix (JADE) algorithm to separate the mixed signals and choose the “clean” saccadic source to extract features. To address the problem of permutation ambiguity in a case with a six-channel condition, we developed a constraint direction of arrival (DOA) algorithm that can automatically adjust the order of eye movement sources according to the constraint angle. Recognition experiments of four different saccadic EOG signals (i.e. up, down, left and right) were conducted in a laboratory environment. The average recognition ratios over 13 subjects were 95.66% and 97.33% under the between-subjects test and the within-subjects test, respectively. Compared with “bandpass filtering”, “wavelet denoising”, “extended infomax algorithm”, “frequency-domain JADE algorithm” and “time-domain JADE algorithm, the recognition ratios obtained relative increments of 4.6%, 3.49%, 2.85%, 2.81% and 2.91% (within-subjects test) and 4.91%, 3.43%, 2.21%, 2.24% and 2.28% (between-subjects test), respectively. The experimental results revealed that the proposed algorithm presents robust classification performance in saccadic EOG signal recognition.
Dynamic Testing and Analysis of Poisson’s Ratio of Lumbers Based on the Cantilever-Plate Bending Mode Shape Method
Authors: Cao Yu , Li Minmin , Wang Zheng , Wang Yunlu , Gao Zizhen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this work, a method for dynamic testing of Poisson’s ratio of dimension lumber was proposed, based on the strain oscillation curve of first-order bending vibration of a cantilever plate. The method is efficient and convenient with good repeatability and high accuracy. Poisson’s ratios along grain and across grain (μLR and μRL, respectively) on radial sections (LR section) and across grain (μRT) on transverse sections of Sitka Spruce specimens were measured. The results show that the Poisson’s ratio along grain on the LR section μLR is one order higher than that across grain on the LR section μRL. Additionally, the accuracy of the elastic modulus of cantilever plate specimens calculated by theoretical equations of cantilever beam was analyzed. For cantilever plate of Sitka Spruce with an aspect ratio of four, the error of elastic modulus calculated with the cantilever formula is 0.7 %.