bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review exploring characteristics of lifestyle modification interventions in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes for delivery in community pharmacy†
Authors: Katangwe Thando , Bhattacharya Debi , Twigg Michael J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the characteristics of effective lifestyle modification interventions designed for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to determine elements that have the potential to be delivered in the community pharmacy setting.

Key findings
Seven studies, comprising three each of the interventions diet and structured education and one of supported exercise, were identified. Interventions were conducted in hospital diabetes clinics and clinics situated in both urban and rural areas. Interventions were delivered face to face by highly skilled personnel including physicians, nurses and dietitians. Duration of interventions ranged from 3 months to 5 years.

Summary
Structured education and dietary interventions in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes effectively controlled blood glucose levels without pharmacological intervention. Important characteristics included face to face, individualised and multicomponent interventions with a duration of at least 6 months. These characteristics demonstrate potential for delivery in a community pharmacy setting, given its current involvement in delivering face to face, individual services with diet and lifestyle components. Further research is required to provide evidence for ideal intervention duration and frequency as well as training requirements for pharmacists.
Antibody opsonization enhances MAIT cell responsiveness to bacteria via a TNF‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Bánki Zoltán , Krabbendam Lisette , Klaver Dominik , Leng Tianqi , Kruis Simon , Mehta Hema , Müllauer Brigitte , Orth‐Höller Dorothea , Stoiber Heribert , Willberg Christian B , Klenerman Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant human T‐cell subset with antimicrobial properties. They can respond to bacteria presented via antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages, which present bacterially derived ligands from the riboflavin synthesis pathway on MR1. Moreover, MAIT cells are also highly responsive to cytokines which enhance and even substitute for T‐cell receptor‐mediated signaling. The mechanisms leading to an efficient presentation of bacteria to MAIT cells by APCs have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that the monocytic cell line THP‐1 and B cells activated MAIT cells differentially in response to Escherichia coli. THP‐1 cells were generally more potent in inducing IFNγ and IFNγ/TNF production by MAIT cells. Furthermore, THP‐1, but not B, cells produced TNF upon bacterial stimulation, which in turn supported IFNγ production by MAIT cells. Finally, we addressed the role of antibody‐dependent opsonization of bacteria in the activation of MAIT cells using in vitro models. We found that opsonization had a substantial impact on downstream MAIT cell activation by monocytes. This was associated with enhanced activation of monocytes and increased TNF release. Importantly, this TNF acted in concert with other cytokines to drive MAIT cell activation. These data indicate both a significant interaction between adaptive and innate immunity in the response to bacteria, and an important role for TNF in MAIT cell triggering.
Fabrication and characterization of IR‐transparent Fe2+ doped MgAl2O4 ceramics
Authors: Osipov Vladimir V. , Shitov Vladislav A. , Maksimov Roman N. , Lukyashin Konstantin E. , Solomonov Vladimir I. , Ishchenko Aleksey V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInitial investigations on the preparation of highly transparent Fe2+:MgAl2O4 ceramics using nanopowders synthesized in a laser plume were carried out. For the first time, dense Fe2+:MgAl2O4 ceramics with high transmission in the mid‐IR range were fabricated at a temperature as low as 1300°C and with a short sintering time (1 hour). The obtained Fe2+:MgAl2O4 ceramics contain a secondary (MgO)0.91(FeO)0.09 phase with a low wt% content, causing a substantial decrease in transmittance in the visible range. The transmittance increases with an increase in wavelength due to a decrease in Rayleigh scattering and reaches 85.6% at λ = 4 μm, which is close to the theoretical value. The absorption cross section of divalent iron ions was estimated to be σ = (1.66 ± 0.14) × 10−20 cm2.
Effects of electrostatic field strength on grain‐boundary core structures in SrTiO3
Authors: Hughes Lauren A. , van Benthem Klaus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding interactions between externally applied electric fields and the interfacial structures of nanoscale ceramics is important for controlling their functional properties. In ceramic oxides, functional properties are determined by oxygen vacancy concentrations near and within grain‐boundary core structures. In this study it is shown that the application of electrostatic fields ranging from 0 to nominally 170 V/cm during diffusion bonding of bicrystals alters the atomic and electronic core structures of (100) twist grain boundaries in SrTiO3. The applied electric field strength affects local oxygen vacancy concentrations and ordering of the oxygen sublattice. Results for this model system indicate that electrostatic fields applied during ceramic manufacturing can be employed as a new processing parameter to tailor defect structure configurations and obtain unprecedented ceramic microstructures. The ability to manipulate interface configurations with electric fields in the absence of any sintering additives may have far reaching implications for tuning polarization and band structures in electroceramics while avoiding effects of often unwanted dopants.
Nurses’ decision‐making, practices and perceptions of patient involvement in medication administration in an acute hospital setting
Authors: Bucknall Tracey , Fossum Mariann , Hutchinson Alison M. , Botti Mari , Considine Julie , Dunning Trisha , Hughes Lee , Weir‐Phyland Janet , Digby Robin , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo describe nurses’ decision‐making, practices and perceptions of patient involvement in medication administration in acute hospital settings.BackgroundMedication errors cause unintended harm to patients. Nurses have a major role in ensuring patient safety in medication administration practices in hospital settings. Investigating nurses’ medication administration decision‐making and practices and their perceptions of patient involvement, may assist in developing interventions by revealing how and when to involve patients during medication administration in hospital.DesignA descriptive exploratory study design.MethodsTwenty nurses were recruited from two surgical and two medical wards of a major metropolitan hospital in Australia. Each nurse was observed for 4 hr, then interviewed after the observation. Data were collected over six months in 2015. Observations were captured on an electronic case report form; interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content and thematic analysis.ResultsNinety‐five medication administration episodes, of between two and eight episodes per nurse, were observed. A total of 56 interruptions occurred with 26 of the interruptions being medication related. Four major themes emerged from the interviews: dealing with uncertainty; facilitating, framing and filtering information; managing interruptions and knowing and involving patients.ConclusionNurses work in complex adaptive systems that change moment by moment. Acknowledging and understanding the cognitive workload and complex interactions are necessary to improve patient safety and reduce errors during medication administration. Knowing and involving the patient is an important part of a nurses’ medication administration safety strategies.
N‐glycoproteins exhibit a positive expression level–evolutionary rate correlation
Authors: Feyertag Felix , Berninsone Patricia M. , Alvarez‐Ponce David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe different proteins of any proteome evolve at enormously different rates. One of the primary factors influencing rates of protein evolution is expression level, with highly expressed proteins tending to evolve at slow rates. This phenomenon, known as the expression level–evolutionary rate (E–R) anticorrelation, has been attributed to the abundance‐dependent deleterious effects of misfolding or misinteraction. We have recently shown that secreted proteins either lack an E–R anticorrelation or exhibit a significantly reduced E–R anticorrelation. This effect may be due to the strict quality control to which secreted proteins are subject in the endoplasmic reticulum (which is expected to reduce the rate of misfolding and its deleterious effects) or to their extracellular location (expected to reduce the rate of misinteraction and its deleterious effects). Among secreted proteins, N‐glycosylated ones are under particularly strong quality control. Here, we investigate how N‐linked glycosylation affects the E–R anticorrelation. Strikingly, we observe a positive E–R correlation among N‐glycosylated proteins. That is, N‐glycoproteins that are highly expressed evolve at faster rates than lowly expressed N‐glycoproteins, in contrast to what is observed among intracellular proteins.
Development and validation of mathematical modeling for terminal velocity of cantaloupe
Authors: Moradi Mehdi , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Parvaresh Majid , Balanian Hossein 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTerminal velocity is an important factor, which is useful for designing different unit operations such as hydro transport and sorting of fruits. The current investigation is aimed to propose a new dimensionless model for terminal velocity of cantaloupe fruit. For this purpose, 30 fruits from three different varieties commonly known as Jana, Gerdabadi, and Shahabadi randomly were collected and, then, the physical properties, which may affect terminal velocity, were determined. On the basis of Buckingham theorem, six dimensionless groups were recognized and established to be used for dimensionless modeling of terminal velocity of cantaloupe fruit. Dependent pi‐term versus each independent pi‐term was drawn, and regression analysis was applied to draw the curves to produce linear equations, which can be used in the construction of the dimensionless model. In order to evaluate the obtained model, terminal velocity of six randomly selected fruits from each cantaloupe variety were measured and compared with the predicted terminal velocity values. A good agreement was achieved between the experimental and the predicted terminal velocities. Also, the coefficient of determination, mean bias error, and mean relative deviation of the comparison were calculated as 0.90, 7.9, and 10.35%, respectively. In this context, the obtained model can be used as an appropriate procedure for the prediction of terminal velocity of cantaloupe fruit as well as other similar fruits with good accuracy.Practical applicationsDevelopment of a generalized dimensionless model describing terminal velocity of cantaloupe fruit as a function of various physical characteristics can be used in different units of food industries such as fruit compote preparation and juicer industries. It may also be used for the designation of sorting units and hydro transport of different fruits. In other words, the obtained model could be used to sketch unit operations, which involve some postharvesting activities for cantaloupe fruits.
The association of life events and mental ill health in older adults with intellectual disability: results of the wave 3 Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Bond L. , Carroll R. , Mulryan N. , O'Dwyer M. , O'Connell J. , Monaghan R. , Sheerin F. , McCallion P. , McCarron M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundExposures to life events are associated with emotional, psychological and behavioural problems in those with intellectual disability (ID). Older adults with ID may experience different life events given differences in living circumstances, cognitive decline, greater dependency on others and less autonomy. This study examines the relationship of life events and mental ill health in an older ID population in Ireland.MethodsThe study was part of ‘The Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing’. The frequency of life events was assessed using a 20‐item checklist, and the level of stress experienced was assessed using a three‐point Likert scale measuring the burden of the life event. The associations of life events with factors associated with mental ill health were measured using a variety of self‐report and proxy completed questionnaires.ResultsFor the study population, 88.1% had been exposed to at least one life event in the preceding 12 months and 64.5% to two or more life events. Frequency and burden of life events were significantly higher in individuals living in institutional settings and in individuals with any current psychiatric condition, increased depressive and anxiety symptoms, challenging behaviour and reported poorer self‐rated mental and physical health. More life events were significantly associated with new psychiatric diagnoses as well as initiation and increased dosage of mood stabilising, hypnotic and sedative medications.ConclusionsLife events are significantly associated with mental ill health in the older ID population. Service providers must focus on limiting the exposure to these events and, in situations where they cannot be avoided, should support and manage individuals compassionately and effectively, prioritising their mental and physical well‐being.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the Verbal and Social Interaction Questionnaire: A cross‐sectional study among nursing students in China
Authors: Zhang Min , Ge Li , Rask Mikael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop and validate the Chinese version of Verbal and Social Interaction Questionnaire for Nursing Students.BackgroundThe development of caring interaction skills is particularly important for achieving better nursing student–patient interactions. Nursing students in China, as in most countries, have often failed to establish a caring interaction with their patients. There is a lack of instruments to explore the difficulties and problems in nursing student–patient interactions in China.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey was carried out.MethodsData for cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric testing purposes were collected between May 10, 2017 and November 11, 2017. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed; pilot testing, content validity and reliability were assessed for the translated questionnaire. EQUATOR guidelines for observational studies (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) were applied.Results716 nursing students from four universities in China completed the questionnaire. A pilot testing (n = 32) was conducted at a university hospital. The internal consistency reliability and the intra‐class correlation coefficients were satisfactory. The overall content validity index was 0.95. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a four‐factor solution, explaining 61.26% of the variance, and the items had factor loadings ranging from 0.46–0.82. The final model's fit indexes were relatively acceptable. Overall, this instrument demonstrated sound psychometric properties.ConclusionThe Chinese version of Verbal and Social Interaction Questionnaire for Nursing Students has a high level of reliability and acceptable content validity. However, some values in the construct validity assessment were lower than was hypothesised, suggesting a need for further model modification.Relevance to clinical practiceThis easy‐to‐use instrument may help nursing educators, clinicians and managers in the assessment and development of students’ interactional skills during their training or student–nurse transition period. Using the questionnaire could both provide the students with a greater understanding of caring interactions and help the nursing educators gain a better comprehension of the students’ verbal, social and interactional skills.
Taste sensitivity, food preferences, and physical activity pattern associated with nutritional status of adolescents
Authors: Santos Marize Melo dos , Marreiros Camila Santos , de Oliveira Ana Raquel Soares , de Freitas Suelem Torres , Cruz Kyria Jayanne Clímaco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of taste sensitivity, food preferences, and pattern of physical activity on the nutritional status of public school adolescents. A cross‐sectional study was carried out involving 952 adolescents of both genders and aged 10–19 years, divided into two groups: overweight, n = 238 and eutrophic, n = 714. Taste sensitivity, food preferences, physical activity pattern, and nutritional status were evaluated. Most adolescents failed in the sensitivity test. There was a significant association between sensitivity to salty taste and preference for evaluated tastes and nutritional status. It was verified that adolescents devote, on average, 6 hr a day with sedentary activities. Age and time spent exercising were positively associated with body mass index. Adolescents presented low taste sensitivity and prefer sweet taste while overweight individuals prefer salty. The study reveals the influence of parameters related to food preferences and physical activity patterns on the nutritional status of the youth.Practical applicationsChanges in sensitivity taste, dietary preferences, and in the pattern of physical activity influence the nutritional status of young. Understanding these relationships may contribute to the development of intervention strategies to prevent the onset or worsening of diseases associated with nutritional status.
Phenotypic, hormonal, and clinical characteristics of equine endocrinopathic laminitis
Authors: de Laat Melody A. , Sillence Martin N. , Reiche Dania B. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundEquine endocrinopathic laminitis is common and can be associated with an underlying endocrinopathy, such as equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), pasture consumption, or any combination of these factors.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to improve the risk assessment capabilities of clinicians, and to inform management strategies, for acute endocrinopathic laminitis by prospectively examining the phenotypic, hormonal, and clinical characteristics of the disease in a large cohort.AnimalsPrivately owned horses and ponies (n = 301) of any age, sex, or breed diagnosed with laminitis by a veterinarian. A history of laminitis was acceptable.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. Veterinarians provided information on each case via an online questionnaire after informed consent from the animal's owner, and all data were de‐identified before analysis. Serum insulin and plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations were measured in each case.ResultsMost cases were recruited in spring (109/301; 36.2%). Concurrent EMS and PPID resulted in higher basal insulin concentrations (49 [21.5‐141]; P < .02) than if an animal had a single underlying cause for their laminitis. The insulin concentration was negatively correlated (r2 = −0.38; P < .001) with the animal's height, being higher in ponies (33[10‐14]; P < .001) than horses (9.5 [3‐25.7]) and was positively correlated (r2 = 0.12; P = .05) with their grade (severity) of laminitis.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses and ponies with concurrent endocrinopathies have more marked hyperinsulinemia. Higher basal insulin concentrations were associated with more severe lameness.
Klotho‐beta and fibroblast growth factor 19 expression correlates with early recurrence of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Zhong‐Zhe , Hsu Chiun , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Hu Fu‐Chang , Pan Hung‐Wei , Wu Yao‐Ming , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Cheng Ann‐Lii 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsFibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) signalling play critical roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. This study explored the potential of FGF19‐ and FGFR4‐related biomarkers in predicting early tumour recurrence (ETR) and survival in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe examined the mRNA expressions of FGF19, FGFR4, klotho‐beta (KLB), cyclin D1 (CCND1) and FGF4 in 151 surgically resected, primary unifocal HCCs through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Generalized additive models were fitted to detect nonlinear effects of continuous covariates and define thresholds of biomarker expressions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic values of these biomarkers for tumour recurrence and patient survival.ResultsOverexpression of FGF19, FGFR4, KLB, CCND1 and FGF4 mRNA was detected in 40%, 32%, 26%, 15% and 35% of 151 tumours respectively. ETR was the strongest prognostic factor predicting worse overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 5.678; 95% confidence interval, 3.7‐8.713; P < 0.001). Furthermore, we revealed that mRNA expression levels of KLB (HR, 3.857; P = 0.021) and FGF19 (HR, 3.248; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with the occurrence of ETR.ConclusionsFrequent overexpression of FGF19/FGFR4‐related biomarkers was detected in resectable HCC. Expression levels of KLB and FGF19 may determine patient survival outcomes through their effects on ETR.
The interaction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and smoking on mortality among adults in the United States
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Scribani Melissa , Kim Donghee , Kim W. Ray 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in Western countries. Smoking and diabetes mellitus (DM) have been shown to increase mortality; however, whether NAFLD adds to the detrimental effect of smoking in DM and non‐DM patients is unknown. We evaluated the possible interactive effect of NAFLD and smoking on mortality risk in a US population‐based sample.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 11 205 participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed. NAFLD was defined as ultrasonographic hepatic steatosis without evidence of other liver diseases. Proportional hazards regression modelling was used to test for the multiplicative interaction of NAFLD and smoking on overall mortality, controlling for DM.Results36.5% of the participants had NAFLD of whom 21.1% were current smokers, while among non‐NAFLD subjects, 26.2% reported current smoking. Smoking was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87‐2.65) among non‐NAFLD subjects, and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.33‐2.92, P < 0.01) among NAFLD patients. In contrast, the HR for NAFLD was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.78‐1.31, P = 0.96) among smokers and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.87‐1.10, P = 0.73) among non‐smokers. There was no evidence of interaction between NAFLD and smoking (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.74‐1.38, P = 0.94) in the combined model.ConclusionWe found that smoking increased mortality by two‐fold among the US population. Although the magnitude of the increase in mortality did not differ from that in non‐NAFLD subjects, smoking represents a modifiable determinant of long‐term outcomes in NAFLD patients.