bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of elements of the harvesting structure of spring durum wheat in agroecological conditions of the Chuvash Republic
Authors: Lozhkin A G , Shashkarov L G , Eliseeva L V , Alexandrova A N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article presents for the first time data on the productivity of varieties of spring durum wheat of different morphotypes under the conditions of the northern regions of the Chuvash Republic, in order to select the most promising of them and determine the possibilities of selective and technological adaptation in the region. The experiment involved 5 varieties of spring durum wheat: 1) Bezenchuk 200 (control), 2) Bezenchuk Niva, 3) Bezenchuk 205, 4) Bezenchuk 209 and5) Luch 25. The results of biometric and structural analysis of spring durum wheat plants on average for 2015-2017 found that the height of plants by varieties on average for three years ranged from 74.6 to 104.8 cm. Indicators of the best productive bushiness were noted for the variety Bezenchuk Niva and Bezenchuk 209. Weather conditions in 2015 and 2016 provided more favorable conditions for the formation of elements of the structure of the crop, in contrast to 2017, characterized by an abundance of precipitation and lower temperatures during the growing season. It was found that the number and weight of seeds in the head depending on the variety varied in proportion to the length of the head. The best indicators of the crop structure were found in the Bezenchuk 209 and Bezenchuk Niva varieties, where the number of seeds in the main spike was 21.8 - 22.9 and the mass of seeds in the spike- 1.0-1.1 g. The mass of 1000 seeds amounted to options from 42.32 to 53.3 grams. The Bezenchuk Niva and Luch 25 varieties significantly exceeded the control of this indicator by 8.9 and 10.8%, respectively. Accounting for biological yields revealed the advantage of the Bezenchuk Niva and Bezenchuk 209 varieties.
Evaluation of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) as forage substitution on in vitro gas production, digestibility, and kinetic fermentation
Authors: Hasanah H , Achmadi J , Pangestu E , Agus A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate water spinach as forage substitution on in vitro gas production, digestibility and kinetics fermentation. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The Treatments were: T1 = control of Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott grass + 0% of water spinach, T2 = + 20% of water spinach, T3: 40% of water spinach and T4: 60% of water spinach. Results showed that substitution of 20% Water Spinach as forage increased gas production after 48 h of incubation. There is no difference in the potential fraction degraded by the addition of a water spinach at the level of 20% compared to the control, although there is a decrease in the addition of 40 and 60% of the water spinach. Substitution of water spinach was not significant on kinetics fermentation of readily soluble fraction (a) and rate constant per hour of gas production (c). The substitution of 20% water spinach increased dry matter digestibility reaching 10% compared to control. The water spinach substitution increased organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). It is concluded that 20% of water spinach had the highest gas production and nutrient digestibility and thus, it can be used as forage alternative for ruminant.
Analysis of spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of abandoned cropland in Yunnan Province based on multitemporal MODIS global land cover product
Authors: Xiao W J , Wang J S , Liu Y C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the outflow of rural labour forces, the abandonment of cropland is widespread, which seriously affects food security. Obtaining the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of abandoned cropland is particularly important for formulating cultivated land protection policies and the land transfer measures. However, Yunnan province lacks the data sets of space-time distribution of abandoned land. In order to enrich the data of abandoned cropland in Yunnan province and grasp its spatial-temporal evolution characteristics to manage abandoned cropland more conveniently. Based on MODIS global land cover products and by applying the method of change detection, we have already obtained the dataset of the abandoned land in Yunnan province. Also, analysed the evolution characteristics with gravitational center computation. The result shows that the average abandoned cropland is 1284 km2 every year, among which 2003 witnessed the least abandoned cropland, which was 582.94 km2 and 2011 witnessed the most abandoned land, which was 1961.21 km2. It is found that the changes fluctuate obviously. The abandoned cropland is mainly distributed in the eastern plateau area of the study area. And the gravity of abandoned land shifted from Northwest Kunming to the border of Kunming city, Chuxiong and Yuxi city. But it located in Yuxi most years.
Responses of Thai recommended rice cultivars to high temperature in PSII efficiency at panicle initiation stage
Authors: Sumthonglang N , Jongdee B , Dongsansuk A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Photosynthesis is a major process for determining plant growth and development. The temperature plays important roles in plant photosynthesis. Thus, this research aimed to study the temperature response of PSII efficiency in different Thai recommended rice cultivars at panicle initiation (PI) stage. Youngest fully expanded leaves of fifteen rice cultivars namely, N22 (heat tolerance), IR64 (heat sensitive), CN1, Dular, PSL2, PTT1, Riceberry, RD29, RD31, RD41, RD49, RD57, RD61, RD63 and SPT1 at PI stage were exposed to temperature ranged from 25-55°C. During the exposure experiment to the temperature, coinciding measurements on the effective quantum yield of PSII efficiency (ΔF/Fm
') and maximum quantum yield of PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm
) were carried out. The experiment was designed in CRD with 4 replications. Temperature response to ΔF/Fm' and Fv/Fm
showed a parabolic curve in all rice cultivars but Fv/Fm
showed a wider parabolic curve than ΔF/Fm'. Optimum temperature of ΔF/Fm' and Fv/Fm
was 31.83-35.64°C and 31.82-34.10°C, respectively. The ranges of supraoptimal temperature of ΔF/Fm' and Fv/Fm
were 47.15-50.60°C and 46.93-48.65°C, respectively. On the other hand, the high temperature stress of ΔF/Fm' and Fv/Fm
was 50.80-54.70°C and 50.93-52.50°C, respectively. Optimum temperature of ΔF/Fm' showed high correlation with supraoptimal temperature especially in cv. PTT1. Broad sense heritability of ΔF/Fm' under high temperature stress was the highest which could be used as selection criteria for heat tolerance in rice breeding programme.
The border between species with and without feelings
Authors: van Rooijen J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnimal protection makes only sense when animal suffering and welfare exist. Suffering and welfare require the existence of feelings in a species. The question “Which species possess feelings?” is, therefore, important. Scientists draw the line between species with and without feelings at different places in the animal kingdom. Reasons for laymen to assume or discard the existence of feelings in different species are considered. It is mentioned that science is fundamentally unable to draw this line. (A view often attacked under the influence of psychology that belongs to the humanities). It is also mentioned that science is able to make the presence of feelings in an animal species more, or less, convincing. The views of the different scientists are discussed. It is argued why, in my opinion, all animal species possess feelings. Although not all scientists share this view, many scientists are of opinion that at least farm animals possess feelings. Laypeople who are not influenced by economic or other interests mostly do not question this opinion. The protection of farm animals is justified to avoid suffering in case these farm animals possess feelings.
Physiological and ethylene accumulation responses of cassava under drought stress
Authors: Ogaddee P , Girdthai T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Drought is a major production constraint of cassava worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemo-physiological and phytohormone responses of cassava under water stress conditions. Five cassava (Manihot esculenta) varieties were grown in greenhouse conditions under different water regimes (field capacity (FC), 2/3 and 1/3 available water (AW)). The physiological responses to drought were monitored. Plant height, relative water content (RWC) and SPAD Chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) were recorded at 3, 4 and 5 months after planting. Ethylene accumulate were recorded at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after withholding water at 2 months after planting. The result revealed that plant height and RWC decreased significant difference under water deficit. Plant height and RWC under 1/3 AW had lowest followed by 2/3 AW and FC conditions. Under 1/3 AW, ethylene and SCMR increased significant difference followed by 2/3 AW and FC conditions. Thus, plant height, RWC, SCMR and ethylene accumulation could be used as a criterion in breeding programs to improve drought tolerance in cassava.
A study on low-energy light absorption of SWNTs
Authors: Li H , Wu S Y , Zhou M Y , Liang X R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By using semi-empirical method, an approximately one-dimensional model on the basis of tight-binding theory is set up to calculate state density of different sorts of single-walled carbon nanotubes so as to explain the reason for three absorption peaks in the low energy level of light absorption spectrum.
Development of a geotextile coated with latex and used as a protection element on heated surfaces
Authors: souza C S , Mendes J U L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A lot has been researched today about new energy resources and sustainable materials aiming to decrease the impacts caused on the environment. Materials waste that were previously destined for the trash, are now seen in a different way. This present paper had as purpose the confection of a geotextile using banana tree leaves, in particular, fibers extracted from the stem of the banana tree leaves, which presently, are recognized as one of the strongest cellulosic fibers. As a natural geotextile matrix, latex was used and, subsequently, possible applications for the geotextile were analysed through previous material characterization based on literature. The samples were weaved and covered by latex, thereafter, analysis and verification were conducted on the main physical-chemical properties and also mechanical and thermal properties. Such results were obtained through tests, as: tensile properties, flammability, thermogravimetric analysis, water and humidity absorption, moisture resistance, friction, density, weight, biodegradation under environmental conditions. and thermal conductivity. Based on the obtained results, it was possbible to conclude that geotextile can be used as surfaces coating, because beside its high tensile strength, even when heated, the goetextile presentes a low thermal conductivity (0.214 W/mK). That fact means that the material has good thermal characteristics, quality of an isulator. Also, it was conclude that the natural composite has combined properties from banana tree fibers (as thermal properties and mechanical strength) and from thermoplastic elastomer latex. Such result did not compromise the hygroscopicity of the banana fiber. Finally, it could be concluded that the material is sustainable, does not damage the environment and fulfil the coating function, as expected.
Vibration analysis of fiber reinforced composite hydrofoils using finite element method
Authors: Joe B-J , Hong S-Y , Song J-H , Kwon H-W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this study, the natural responses of fiber reinforced composite hydrofoils are obtained using FEM. It is of great importance to estimate the vibrational responses of fiber reinforced composite hydrofoils correctly due to the flexible characteristics of the material. Modal analysis is performed on a cantilevered hydrofoil which has a cross-section of a modified NACA0009 profile using FEM software Abaqus 2019. Newly developed structured mesh modeling method is used, and the results are compared with the conventional modeling methods and experiment. In the developed mesh model, boundaries of the layers are modified in order to apply a structured mesh. By investigating the stress distribution of the hydrofoil for the bending mode case, it is evident that the developed mesh model results in the most accurate and physical result compared to existing modeling method.
Carbonization performance of pre-oxidized PAN fibers prepared by microwave heating
Authors: Elagib T H H , Hassan E A M , Liu B H , Yu M H , Han K Q 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have carbonized the modified PAN fibers which coated with a hybrid microwave absorbent and pre-oxidized by microwave heating for 50 min. The carbonization process of pre-oxidized CB/S-PAN fibers process was performed under nitrogen atmosphere at different temperatures. The carbonized fibers were characterized by mean of Raman spectroscopy, elemental analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), mechanical tester, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that more ordered crystal structure and highly graphitic content was obtained at 950ºC, arise from the formation of aromatic structures. The fibers’ surface appeared roughly without defects suggesting a strong graphitic structure. This rough nature which results from the deposition of nanoparticles at an earlier stage before the pre-oxidation and the microwave penetration can strongly improve the interlocking between the fibers and matrix in the carbon fibers’ composites.
Study on preparation and properties of graphene reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Fan Y H , Yu S W , Wang H M , Yao Y H , Wang Y , Wang C H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to study the preparation methods of graphene reinforced epoxy resin composites and analyze the influence of graphene content on the viscosity and mechanical properties of the resin, the surface of graphene oxide was modified to make graphene oxide disperse uniformly in the matrix resin, and then composite the modified graphite oxide and resin. Three groups of graphene oxide reinforced epoxy resin composites with graphene oxide content of 0.3wt%, 0.5wt% and 0.8wt% were prepared. The results show that the modified graphene oxide keeps good dispersion uniformity in the resin matrix. With the increase of graphene oxide content, the viscosity of the composite decreases gradually. The strength of the composite is better than that of the pure resin after adding graphene oxide. When the graphene content is 0.3%, the tensile strength is the highest, which is about 16% higher than that of pure resin. With the increase of graphene content, the tensile strength decreases.
Betwixt and Between Colony and Nation-State: Liminality, Decolonization, and the South West Africa Mandate
Authors: McCullers Molly 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A century after the victorious Allied powers distributed their spoils of victory in 1919, the world still lives with the geopolitical consequences of the mandates system established by the League of Nations. The Covenant article authorizing the new imperial dispensation came cloaked in the old civilizationist discourse, entrusting sovereignty over “peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world” to the “advanced nations” of Belgium, England, France, Japan, and South Africa. In this series of “reflections” on the mandates, ten scholars of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the international order consider the consequences of the new geopolitical order birthed by World War I. How did the reshuffling of imperial power in the immediate postwar period configure long-term struggles over minority rights, decolonization, and the shape of nation-states when the colonial era finally came to a close? How did the alleged beneficiaries—more often the victims—of this “sacred trust” grasp their own fates in a world that simultaneously promised and denied them the possibility of self-determination? From Palestine, to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today.
Streptococcus pyogenes pbp2x Mutation Confers Reduced Susceptibility to β-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Vannice Kirsten S , Ricaldi Jessica , Nanduri Srinivas , Fang Ferric C , Lynch John B , Bryson-Cahn Chloe , Wright Theodore , Duchin Jeff , Kay Meagan , Chochua Sopio , Van Beneden Chris A , Beall Bernard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo near-identical clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates of emm subtype emm43.4 with a pbp2x missense mutation (T553K) were detected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ampicillin and amoxicillin were 8-fold higher, and the MIC for cefotaxime was 3-fold higher than for near-isogenic control isolates, consistent with a first step in developing β-lactam resistance.
The Heirs of Bishop Wilfrid: Succession and Presumption in Early Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Sowerby Richard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The biography of the Anglo-Saxon bishop Wilfrid (d. 710) has always been prized as a rare window onto the ‘real world’ of the seventh- and eighth-century Church. It offers us stories of bishops arranging bribes in monastic treasuries, describes factional infighting among churchmen, and imagines ecclesiastical leaders as rulers of ‘kingdoms of churches’. Its tone is so unlike that of other contemporary writings that its testimony, partisan though it may be, has always seemed a valuable corrective to the more idealised character of our other major sources. This article argues that in our enthusiasm to use the Life of St Wilfrid in this way, we have misunderstood the uses for which the text was originally written. Through a re-examination of the Life’s account of Wilfrid’s final years, it reconsiders the motives of the text’s patrons: Tatberht, abbot of Ripon, and Acca, bishop of Hexham. The two men played an active role in the text’s creation, and a great deal of the Life rests on the acceptance of secretive events to which only they could testify. Those events, in turn, underpinned their own claims to be the designated heirs of the recently deceased Bishop Wilfrid. The Life’s defensively partisan tone has typically been understood as the product of a beleaguered ‘Wilfridian’ faction anticipating criticism from outside opponents. This article argues instead that it reflects a moment of profound disunity within the ‘Wilfridians’ themselves, and reveals the strategies by which ambitious ecclesiastics might sometimes seek to gain and secure their positions.
Contrasting the Effects of Mortality Salience and Future Time Limitation on Goal Prioritization in Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Fung Helene H , Chu Steven Tsun-Wai , Jiang Da , Chen Amber Xuqian , Ng Carson Chuen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims at contrasting the effects of limited future time perspective and mortality salience on goal prioritization across adulthood. Socioemotional selectivity theory (SST) argues that people increasingly prioritize emotionally meaningful goals when they perceive future time as more limited. Terror management theory (TMT) suggests that mortality salience (i.e., the awareness of one’s mortality) drives people to prioritize the goal of perpetuating own existence through affirming cultural worldview.MethodIn this study, participants (N = 438) were randomly assigned to six conditions that primed (a) limited future time, (b) mortality salience, (c) death reflection, (d) both limited future time and mortality salience, (e) both limited future time, and death reflection, or (f) none.ResultsResults showed that older adults allocated significantly more resources to emotionally close recipients who supported their cultural worldviews in conditions involving future time limitation and death reflection. They also allocated less resources to emotionally not close recipients who did not support their cultural worldviews in conditions involving future time limitation. Younger adults did not show these differences. Nor did mortality salience have any effect.DiscussionThese results suggest that future time perspective and death reflection shift age-related goals more than mortality salience.
Dominion status and the origins of authoritarian constitutionalism in Pakistan
Authors: Malagodi Mara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The legal legacy of Dominion status in Pakistan (1947–1956) explains the rise, configuration, and normalization of authoritarian constitutionalism in the country. First, the article analyzes Pakistan’s Dominion constitution as both the constitutional framework to manage a difficult political transition and the juridical basis to frame the country’s new permanent constitution. It is argued that the adoption of an instrumental procedural approach to Westminster constitutionalism in Pakistan during the Dominion period led to the subversion of its substantive underpinnings from within. This approach had a critical long-term impact on the country’s constitutional developments and the framing of the permanent constitution, especially with regard to executive dominance. Second, the litigation over the governor-general’s dissolution of Pakistan’s first Constituent Assembly (1947–1954) illuminates the perils of New Dominion constitutionalism and the attempts by Pakistani constitution-makers in both Constituent Assemblies to frame a constitution departing from the Westminster model and to enshrine in the document checks and balances of a legal nature.