bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient portal utilization: before and after stage 2 electronic health record meaningful use
Authors: Turner Kea , Hong Young-Rock , Yadav Sandhya , Huo Jinhai , Mainous Arch G 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
Patient portal functionalities, such as patient–physician e-communication, can benefit patients by improving clinical outcomes. Utilization has historically been low but may have increased in recent years due to the implementation of Stage 2 Meaningful Use for electronic health records. This study has 2 objectives: 1) to compare patient portal utilization rates before Stage 2 (2011–2013) and after Stage 2 (2014–2017), and 2) to examine whether disparities in patient portal utilization attenuate after Stage 2.

Materials and Methods
We conducted an observational study using a pooled cross-sectional analysis of 2011–2017 National Health Interview Survey data (n = 254 183).

Results
The mean percent use of patient portals significantly increased from the pre-Stage 2 to the post-Stage 2 period (6.9%, 95% CI, 6.2–7.5; P &lt; .001). Non-Hispanic Black individuals (OR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.76–0.86; P &lt; .0001) and Hispanic individuals (OR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.74–0.84; P &lt; .0001) have lower odds of using patient portals compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. Although we found independent effects of race/ethnicity, we did not find a statistically significant interaction between race/ethnicity and time. We found a similar level of increase in patient portal utilization from the pre- to postperiod across racial and ethnic groups.

Discussion
Health care policies such as Stage 2 Meaningful Use are likely contributing to increased patient portal utilization across all patients and helping to attenuate disparities in utilization between subgroups of patients.

Conclusion
Further research is needed to explore which patient portal functionalities are perceived as most beneficial to patients and whether patients have access to those functionalities.
Provider perspectives on the integration of patient-reported outcomes in an electronic health record
Authors: Zhang Renwen , Burgess Eleanor R , Reddy Madhu C , Rothrock Nan E , Bhatt Surabhi , Rasmussen Luke V , Butt Zeeshan , Starren Justin B 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
Integrating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into electronic health records (EHRs) can improve patient-provider communication and delivery of care. However, new system implementation in health-care institutions is often accompanied by a change in clinical workflow and organizational culture. This study examines how well an EHR-integrated PRO system fits clinical workflows and individual needs of different provider groups within 2 clinics.

Materials and Methods
Northwestern Medicine developed and implemented an EHR-integrated PRO system within the orthopedics and oncology departments. We conducted interviews with 11 providers who had interacted with the system. Through thematic analysis, we synthesized themes regarding provider perspectives on clinical workflow, individual needs, and system features.

Results
Our findings show that EHR-integrated PROs facilitate targeted conversation with patients and automated triage for psychosocial care. However, physicians, psychosocial providers, and medical assistants faced different challenges in their use of the PRO system. Barriers mainly stemmed from a lack of actionable data, workflow disruption, technical issues, and a lack of incentives.

Discussion
This study sheds light on the ecosystem around EHR-integrated PRO systems (such as user needs and organizational factors). We present recommendations to address challenges facing PRO implementation, such as optimizing data collection and auto-referral processes, improving data visualizations, designing effective educational materials, and prioritizing the primary user group.

Conclusion
PRO integration into routine care can be beneficial but also require effective technology design and workflow configuration to reach full potential use. This study provides insights into how patient-generated health data can be better integrated into clinical practice and care delivery processes.
Time-Varying Coefficient Estimation in SURE Models. Application to Portfolio Management*
Authors: Casas Isabel , Ferreira Eva , Orbe Susan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the asymptotic properties of a kernel estimator for a seemingly unrelated regression equations model with time-varying coefficients (tv-SURE) under general conditions. Theoretical results together with a simulation study differentiate the cases for which the estimation of a tv-SURE outperforms the estimation of a single regression equations model with time-varying coefficients. The study shows that Zellner’s results cannot be straightforwardly extended to the time-varying case. The tv-SURE is applied to the Fama and French five-factor model using data from four different international markets. Finally, we provide the estimation under cross-restriction and discuss a testing procedure.
‘You can’t have a good integration when you don’t have a good communication’: English-language Learning Among Resettled Refugees in England
Authors: Morrice Linda , Tip Linda K. , Collyer Michael , Brown Rupert 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The research presented here is based on a large-scale, multi-methods study of refugees who have been resettled to the United Kingdom. We analyse quantitative data on language proficiency four or more years after resettlement to identify the key characteristics of those who are most likely to have low language proficiency and to be at risk of long-term dependency and exclusion. Qualitative interviews on experiences of language learning suggest that English-language policy and provision serve to exacerbate and compound the risk of social exclusion, rather than ameliorate the risk. Our findings draw attention to the lack of recognition and understanding of the diversity of resettled refugees and their differential capacities, needs and opportunities for learning. They also highlight the conflict between the policy goal of rapid entry into the labour market and the goal of language learning. These findings have clear implications for integration strategies and policy.
And Quiet Flows the Don: the Sholokhov-Kryukov authorship debate
Authors: Iosifyan Marina , Vlasov Igor 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘And Quiet Flows the Don’ is an epic novel, considered one of the most significant works of Russian and world literature. The debate on the authorship of ‘And Quiet Flows the Don’ had been surrounding the novel since its first release in 1928 by Mikhail Sholokhov, who was repeatedly accused of plagiarism. The supporters of the plagiarism theory often indicate that the real author of the novel is the Cossack writer, Fyodor Kryukov, who died before ‘And Quiet Flows the Don’ was published. In the present study we applied the information-based similarity analysis (Yang et al., 2003a, Linguistic analysis of human heartbeats using frequency and rank order statistics. Physical Review Letters, 90: 108103; Yang et al., 2003b, Information categorization approach to literary authorship disputes. Physica A, 329, 473) and Burrows's Delta (Burrows, 2002, ‘Delta’: a measure of stylistic difference and a guide to likely authorship. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 17(3):267–87) to a corpus of Russian literature of XIX and XX centuries. We next used these two methods to compare ‘And Quiet Flows the Don’ to Sholokhov’s and Kryukov’s writings. It was found that Fyodor Kryukov writings are distinct from ‘And Quiet Flows the Don’, whilst Sholokhov’s writings being close to the Don novel. The results also highlight how both information similarity analysis and Delta analysis can be used Russian language.
Digital studies and transcontextualization of the humanities: The case of organology
Authors: Nikolić Sanela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis research starts from the observation that Bernard Stiegler’&#x99;s general organology draws from the philosophical rethinking of the original practice of organology in musicology. Stiegler’&#x99;s main philosophical concepts that led to the establishment of general organology, as well as the trajectory of development of Stiegler’ general organology from his musical/musicological experience are discussed and explained. The main claim of this article is that the philosophical platform of general organology has an activist potential for the revitalization of the contemporary humanities and the transformation of the humanities into digital studies. This transformation takes place in the manner of two-level transcontextualization. The first level concerns the transcontextualization of the musicological organology into the general organology as a philosophical platform for understanding the phenomenological and ontological questions of a human being in the world mediated by digital technology. The second level concerns the activist potential of the general organology in relation to the humanities. The transformation of the humanities into digital studies is enabled through the transcontextualization of the general organology as the new, revitalized philosophical ground of the humanities that are dealing with the conditions of humanity in our contemporaneity. This means that digital studies involve not only the digital mediation of the knowledge, but researching that should be implemented in improving the humans' skills, knowledge, attention, and perceptive capabilities through digital technologies.
Inadequate Decompressive Craniectomy Following a Wartime Traumatic Brain Injury – An Illustrative Case of Why Size Matters
Authors: Janatpour Zachary C , Szuflita Nicholas S , Spinelli Joseph , Coughlin Daniel J , Rosenfeld Jeffrey V , Bell Randy S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury has been called the “signature injury” of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the management of severe and penetrating brain injury has evolved considerably based on the experiences of military neurosurgeons. Current guidelines recommend that decompressive hemicraniectomy be performed with large, frontotemporoparietal bone flaps, but practice patterns vary markedly. The following case is illustrative of potential clinical courses, complications, and efforts to salvage inadequately-sized decompressive craniectomies performed for combat-related severe and penetrating brain injury. The authors follow this with a review of the current literature pertaining to decompressive craniectomy, and finally provide their recommendations for some of the technical nuances of performing decompressive hemicraniectomy after severe or penetrating brain injury.
Heating of Milky Way disc stars by dark matter fluctuations in cold dark matter and fuzzy dark matter paradigms
Authors: Church Benjamin V , Mocz Philip , Ostriker Jeremiah P 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Although highly successful on cosmological scales, cold dark matter (CDM) models predict unobserved overdense ‘cusps’ in dwarf galaxies and overestimate their formation rate. We consider an ultralight axion-like scalar boson which promises to reduce these observational discrepancies at galactic scales. The model, known as fuzzy dark matter (FDM), avoids cusps, suppresses small-scale power, and delays galaxy formation via macroscopic quantum pressure. We compare the substructure and density fluctuations of galactic dark matter haloes comprised of ultralight axions to conventional CDM results. Besides self-gravitating subhaloes, FDM includes non-virialized overdense wavelets formed by quantum interference patterns, which are an efficient source of heating to galactic discs. We find that, in the solar neighbourhood, wavelet heating is sufficient to give the oldest disc stars a velocity dispersion of ${\sim } {30}{\, \mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}}$ within a Hubble time if energy is not lost from the disc, the velocity dispersion increasing with stellar age as σD ∝ t0.4 in agreement with observations. Furthermore, we calculate the radius-dependent velocity dispersion and corresponding scaleheight caused by the heating of this dynamical substructure in both CDM and FDM with the determination that these effects will produce a flaring that terminates the Milky Way disc at $15\!-\!20{\, \mathrm{kpc}}$. Although the source of thickened discs is not known, the heating due to perturbations caused by dark substructure cannot exceed the total disc velocity dispersion. Therefore, this work provides a lower bound on the FDM particle mass of ma &gt; 0.6 × 10−22 eV. Furthermore, FDM wavelets with this particle mass should be considered a viable mechanism for producing the observed disc thickening with time.
Three-dimensional supernova explosion simulations of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M⊙ stars
Authors: Burrows Adam , Radice David , Vartanyan David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Using the new state-of-the-art core-collapse supernova (CCSN) code fornax, we have simulated the three-dimensional dynamical evolution of the cores of 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, and 13-M⊙ stars from the onset of collapse. Stars from 8 to 13 M⊙ constitute roughly 50 per cent of all massive stars, so the explosive potential for this mass range is important to the overall theory of CCSNe. We find that the 9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-M⊙ models explode in 3D easily, but that the 13-M⊙ model does not. From these findings, and the fact that slightly more massive progenitors seem to explode, we suggest that there is a gap in explodability near 12 to 14 M⊙ for non-rotating progenitor stars. Factors conducive to explosion are turbulence behind the stalled shock, energy transfer due to neutrino–matter absorption and neutrino–matter scattering, many-body corrections to the neutrino–nucleon scattering rate, and the presence of a sharp silicon–oxygen interface in the progenitor. Our 3D exploding models frequently have a dipolar structure, with the two asymmetrical exploding lobes separated by a pinched waist where matter temporarily continues to accrete. This process maintains the driving neutrino luminosity, while partially shunting matter out of the way of the expanding lobes, thereby modestly facilitating explosion. The morphology of all 3D explosions is characterized by multiple bubble structures with a range of low-order harmonic modes. Though much remains to be done in CCSN theory, these and other results in the literature suggest that, at least for these lower mass progenitors, supernova theory is converging on a credible solution.
Formation of the Cassini Division – I. Shaping the rings by Mimas inward migration
Authors: Baillié Kévin , Noyelles Benoît , Lainey Valéry , Charnoz Sébastien , Tobie Gabriel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In 2017, the Cassini mission Grand Finale provided hints at the total mass of Saturn’s ring system, constraining the age of the rings: they could actually be about 200 million years old or even younger. However, the present radial mass distribution across the rings is not well understood. The most prominent structure, visible from Earth, is the Cassini Division, a 4500 km-wide gap that separates the massive inner B ring and the outer A ring. Though early models of the formation of the Cassini Division suggested that the resonant interaction of ring particles with the external satellite Mimas (Lindblad resonance 2:1) could open a significant gap (slightly narrower than the observed Cassini Division) in 5 billion years, we investigate here an alternative scenario involving much shorter time-scales based on the new constraints on the age of the rings. In this article, we present a numerical model of satellite-ring interactions that can explain the formation of the Cassini Division by the orbital migration of Mimas and the different densities of the current A and B rings. Such a scenario implies that the Cassini Division could have opened in the last 4–11 million years and that it might disappear in the next 40 million years from now.
Large Ly α opacity fluctuations and low CMB τ in models of late reionization with large islands of neutral hydrogen extending to z &lt; 5.5
Authors: Kulkarni Girish , Keating Laura C , Haehnelt Martin G , Bosman Sarah E I , Puchwein Ewald , Chardin Jonathan , Aubert Dominique 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
High-redshift quasi-stellar object (QSO) spectra show large spatial fluctuations in the Ly α opacity of the intergalactic medium on surprisingly large scales at $z$ ≳ 5.5. We present a radiative transfer simulation of cosmic reionization driven by galaxies that reproduces this large scatter and the rapid evolution of the Ly α opacity distribution at 5 &lt; $z$ &lt; 6. The simulation also reproduces the low Thomson scattering optical depth reported by the latest cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurement and is consistent with the observed short near-zones and strong red damping wings in the highest redshift QSOs. It also matches the rapid disappearance of observed Ly α emission by galaxies at $z$ ≳ 6. Reionization is complete at $z$ = 5.3 in our model, and 50 per cent of the volume of the Universe is ionized at $z$ = 7. Agreement with the Ly α forest data in such a late reionization model requires a rapid evolution of the ionizing emissivity of galaxies that peaks at $z$ ∼ 6.8. The late end of reionization results in a large scatter in the photoionization rate and the neutral hydrogen fraction at redshifts as low as $z$ ≲ 5.5 with large residual neutral ‘islands’ that can produce very long Gunn–Peterson troughs resembling those seen in the data.
Predictions of the pseudo-complex theory of gravity for EHT observations – I. Observational tests
Authors: Boller Th , Hess P O , Müller A , Stöcker H 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A modified theory of gravity, avoiding singularities in the standard theory of gravitation, has been developed by Hess & Greiner, known as the pseudo-complex theory of gravitation. The pseudo-complex General Relativity (pc-GR) theory shows remarkable observational differences with respect to standard GR. The intensity profiles are significantly different between both theories, which is a rare phenomenon in astrophysics. This will allow robust tests of both theories using Event Horizon Telescope observations of the Galactic Centre. We also predict the time evolution of orbiting matter. In this paper we summarize the observational tests we have developed to date. The theory is described in the second paper of this series (referred to as paper II hereafter).
Role of CD8+ T cells in crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Chen Anqun , Lee Kyung , Guan Tianjun , He John Cijiang , Schlondorff Detlef 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCrescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN) comprises three main types according to the pathogenesis and immunofluorescence patterns: anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody cGN, vasculitis-associated cGN and post-infectious immune complex cGN. In this brief review of the immune-pathogenesis of cGN, the focus is mainly on the role of CD8+ T cells in the progression of cGN. Under control conditions, Bowman’s capsule (BC) provides a protected immunological niche by preventing access of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to Bowman’s space and thereby podocytes. Even in experimental nephrotoxic nephritis, leukocytes accumulate around the glomeruli, but remain outside of BC, as long as the latter remains intact. However, when and where breaches in BC occur, the inflammatory cells can gain access to and destroy podocytes, thus converting cGN into rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). These conclusions also apply to human cGN, where biopsies show that loss of BC integrity is associated with RPGN and progression to end-stage kidney disease. We propose a two-hit hypothesis for the role of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the progression of cGN. The initial insult occurs in response to the immune complex formation or deposition, resulting in local capillary and podocyte injury (first hit). The injured podocytes release neo-epitopes, eventually causing T-cell activation and migration to the glomerulus. Upon generation of breaches in BC, macrophages and CD8+ T cells can now gain access to the glomerular space and destroy neo-epitope expressing podocytes (second hit), resulting in RPGN. While further investigation will be required to test this hypothesis, future therapeutic trials should consider targeting of CD8+ T cells in the therapy of progressive cGN.
Surveillance of Rifampicin Resistance With GeneXpert MTB/RIF in the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui, 2015–2017
Authors: Farra Alain , Manirakiza Alexandre , Yambiyo Brice Martial , Zandanga Germain , Lokoti Boris , Berlioz-Arthaud Alain , Ngaya Gilles , Hermana Georges , Ourandji Louis Médard , Ignaleamoko Albert , Komangoya-Nzonzo Aristide Désiré , Simelo Jean Pierre , Iragena Jean de Dieu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The Central African Republic (CAR) has one of the heaviest burdens of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, with an incidence of 423 cases per 100 000 population. Surveillance of resistance to rifampicin with GeneXpert MTB/RIF was instituted in the National TB Reference Laboratory in 2015. The aim of this study was to evaluate, after 3 years, resistance to rifampicin, the most effective firstline drug against TB.

Methods
The surveillance database on cases of rifampicin resistance was retrospectively analyzed. The populations targeted by the National TB Programme were failure, relapse, default, and contacts of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software, version 14, using chi-square tests and odds ratios.

Results
Six hundred seventeen cases were registered; 63.7% were male, 36.3% were female, and the mean age was 35.5 years (range from 2 to 81). GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests were positive in 79.1% (488/617), and resistance to rifampicin was positive in 42.2% (206/488), with 49.1% (56/114) in 2015, 34.7% (57/164) in 2016, and 44.3% (93/210) in 2017. Failure cases had the highest rate of resistance (70.4%), with a significant difference (P &lt; .0001; odds ratio, 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.4–20.5). Resistance was observed in 40% of contacts of MDR-TB, 28.2% of the relapses and 20% of the defaults without significant difference.

Conclusions
Resistance to rifampicin is still high in the CAR and is most strongly associated with treatment failure. The Ministry of Health must to deploy GeneXpert MTB/RIF tests in the provinces to evaluate resistance to TB drugs in the country.
The Effect of Framing and Placement on Linkage Consent
Authors: Sakshaug Joseph W , Schmucker Alexandra , Kreuter Frauke , Couper Mick P , Singer Eleanor 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Numerous surveys link interview data to administrative records, conditional on respondent consent, in order to explore new and innovative research questions. Optimizing the linkage consent rate is a critical step toward realizing the scientific advantages of record linkage and minimizing the risk of linkage consent bias. Linkage consent rates have been shown to be particularly sensitive to certain design features, such as where the consent question is placed in the questionnaire and how the question is framed. However, the interaction of these design features and their relative contributions to the linkage consent rate have never been jointly studied, raising the practical question of which design feature (or combination of features) should be prioritized from a consent rate perspective. We address this knowledge gap by reporting the results of a placement and framing experiment embedded within separate telephone and Web surveys. We find a significant interaction between placement and framing of the linkage consent question on the consent rate. The effect of placement was larger than the effect of framing in both surveys, and the effect of framing was only evident in the Web survey when the consent question was placed at the end of the questionnaire. Both design features had negligible impact on linkage consent bias for a series of administrative variables available for consenters and non-consenters. We conclude this research note with guidance on the optimal administration of the linkage consent question.