bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A literature survey of community participation in the natural gas sector in developing countries
Authors: Bishoge Obadia Kyetuza , Zhang Lingling , Mushi Witness Gerald , Matomela Nametso 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the context of community opinions and participation in the natural gas sector in developing countries, a case study of Tanzania. To achieve this purpose, the study pointed out six facts, namely, information on the natural gas sector; awareness of the natural gas-related policies; laws and regulations and the creation of employment opportunities; local experts in the natural gas sector; the use of natural gas revenues; and natural gas for poverty reduction and improvement of social well-being.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is a systematic review of the literature on community participation based on the relevant studies published between 2010 and 2018. A comprehensive literature review was carried out following the seven-step model whereby relevant themes from different potential bibliographic databases such as Google Scholar were systematically selected, compiled and analyzed using descriptive methods.

Findings
The study revealed that despite the various efforts made by the governments and other stakeholders to promote community participation, there is an inadequate level of community participation in the natural gas sector in developing countries. There are limited local experts for natural gas operations and low transparency on natural gas contracts, agreements and revenues. Therefore, there is the need to raise awareness for a highly informed society with a clear sense of ownership of the natural gas wealth among the local communities. Moreover, transparency and accountability are recommended for the sustainable natural gas sector development.

Originality/value
This paper offers new and current cross-sectoral inclusion, opinions, hopes and concerns of the community on the natural gas sector management in developing countries.
Social learning with differentiated products
Authors: Campbell Arthur 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLearning from friends is a key process by which consumers acquire information about available products. This article embeds social learning in a model of firms producing differentiated products. I consider how the structure of social relationships between consumers influences pricing and welfare. In particular, how a variety of characteristics of social networks ‐ distribution of friendships, homophily, clustering, and correlations between an individual's preferences and number of friends ‐ influence these outcomes. I also find conditions under which consumer awareness and the sensitivity of demand to prices are useful measures of the informational efficiency of markets.
FentAnyl or placebo with KeTamine for emergency department rapid sequence intubation: The FAKT study protocol
Authors: Ferguson Ian , Milligan James , Buttfield Alex , Shepherd Shamus , Burns Brian , Reid Cliff , Aneman Anders , Harris Ian 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundSome critically ill patients require rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department, and ketamine is one sedative agent employed, due to its relative haemodynamic stability. Tachycardia and hypertension are frequent side effects, and in less stable patients, shock can be unmasked or exacerbated. The use of fentanyl as a co‐induction agent may lead to a smoother haemodynamic profile post‐induction, which may lead to reduced mortality in this critically ill cohort. This randomised controlled trial aims to compare the effect of administering fentanyl vs placebo in a standardised induction regimen with ketamine and rocuronium on (a) the percentage of patients in each group with a systolic blood pressure outside the range of 100‐150 mm Hg within 10 minutes of induction, (b) the laryngoscopic view, and (c) 30‐day mortality.Methods/designThree hundred patients requiring rapid sequence intubation in participating emergency departments will be randomised to receive either fentanyl or placebo (0.9% saline) in addition to ketamine and rocuronium according to a standardised, weight‐based induction regimen. The primary outcome measure is the percentage of patients in each group with a systolic blood pressure outside the range of 100‐150 mm Hg within 10 minutes of induction. Secondary outcome measures include the laryngoscopic view, percentage of first pass success, 30‐day mortality and number of ventilator‐free days at 30 days.DiscussionThe effect of adding fentanyl to an induction regimen of ketamine and rocuronium will be evaluated, both in terms of post‐intubation physiology, the effect on intubating conditions, and 30‐day mortality.
Short‐ and long‐term mortality in major non‐cardiac surgical patients admitted to the intensive care unit
Authors: Ekeloef Sarah , Thygesen Lau C. , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe aim of this register‐based cohort study was to characterize patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following non‐cardiac surgery and identify risk factors associated with 30‐days, 90‐days and 1‐year mortality after ICU admission.MethodsPatients aged 18+ years admitted to the intensive care unit within 30‐days of non‐cardiac surgery at four Capital Region hospitals in Denmark between January 2005 and December 2014 were included. Patients were identified through the Danish National Patient Register. The outcomes were 30‐days, 90‐days and 1‐year mortality after ICU admission. Unadjusted and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors of mortality.ResultsThe study included 3311 ICU patients. Gastrointestinal surgery accounted for 71.3%, orthopaedic surgery for 18.4% and urologic surgery for 10.2% of the population. For the total population, the median length of stay in hospital was 18 days (9‐36, 25th‐75th percentile) and 2 days (1‐4, 25th‐75th percentile) in the ICU. Thirty‐days, 90‐days and 1‐year mortality were 37.8%, 44.5% and 51.2% respectively. Mortality within the ICU was 22.3% while the post‐ICU in‐hospital mortality was 19.4%. Higher age, comorbidity, delayed ICU admission, acute surgery, and gastrointestinal and orthopaedic surgery increased 30‐days, 90‐days and 1‐year mortality.ConclusionsShort‐ and long‐term mortality in non‐cardiac surgical patients admitted to the ICU is very high, especially among the elderly comorbid patients undergoing acute surgery. Future research should focus on targeting clinically modifiable risk factors and performing tailored treatment for these high‐risk patients.
Use of medicines that may precipitate delirium prior to hospitalisation in older Australians with delirium: An observational study
Authors: Kassie Gizat M. , Kalisch Ellett Lisa M. , Nguyen Tuan A. , Roughead Elizabeth E. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the use of medicines associated with delirium prior to hospital admission in older Australian patients with a recorded diagnosis of delirium.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted using de‐identified data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs Health Care Claims Database. The prevalence of use of medicines associated with delirium was determined in people 65 years or older with a delirium diagnosis.ResultsThree‐quarters of the total 22 923 older patients included were taking at least one medicine associated with delirium, the median number of medications per patient was two (interquartile range, 1‐3). The most frequently used medicines known to be associated with delirium were psycholeptics, opioids and tricyclic antidepressants.ConclusionA substantial proportion of older hospitalised patients with a delirium diagnosis were taking medicines known or suspected to precipitate delirium prior to admission. There may be an opportunity to decrease medication‐associated delirium by reducing use of risky medication.
Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in 13 cases of familial frontal fibrosing alopecia: CYP21A2 gene p.V281L mutation from congenital adrenal hyperplasia linked to HLA class I haplotype HLA‐A*33:01; B*14:02; C*08:02 as a genetic marker
Authors: Porriño‐Bustamante María Librada , López‐Nevot Miguel Ángel , Aneiros‐Fernández José , Casado‐Ruiz Jorge , García‐Linares Susana , Pedrinacci‐Rodríguez Susana , García‐Lora Elena , Martín‐Casares María Antonia , Fernández‐Pugnaire María Antonia , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe aetiology of frontal fibrosing alopecia is unknown, and its genetic aspect remains uncharacterised. The aim of this report is to elucidate if major histocompatibility complex is associated with familial frontal fibrosing alopecia.MethodsA case–control study was performed of 13 patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia belonging to six families. Their human leukocyte antigen profiles were compared to the data of 636 healthy controls without frontal fibrosing alopecia. Patients underwent high‐resolution genomic typing for human leukocyte antigen class I and II loci by PCR‐SSO for Luminex. In addition, CYP21A2 gene (major histocompatibility complex class III) mutations were detected by PCR‐SSO on strips.Results61.5% of patients shared CYP21A2 gene p.V281L linked to the F16A human leukocyte antigen class I haplotype (HLA‐A*33:01; B*14:02; C*08:02; Pc < 0.000001). The patients F16A‐negative shared other human leukocyte antigen class I haplotypes: Y16A (3/13) and S26 (2/13).ConclusionCYP21A2 gene p.V281L mutation can be used as a genetic marker for susceptibility to familial frontal fibrosing alopecia. Both the linkage of the mutation to F16A and the fact that F16A‐negative patients share other human leukocyte antigen class I haplotype, point to an antigen‐driven mechanism in susceptible patients with these haplotypes.
A trial comparing emergency front of neck airway performance in a novel obese‐synthetic neck, meat‐modified obese neck and conventional slim manikin
Authors: Le Fevre P. J. , Gough C. , Hearne B. J. , Corbett L. , Seller C. , Cook T. M. , Kelly F. E. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryConventional emergency front of neck airway training manikins mimic slim patients and are associated with unrealistic procedural ease. We have described previously a pork belly‐modified manikin that more realistically simulated an obese patient's neck. In this study, we compared a novel obese‐synthetic manikin (obese‐synthetic manikin) with a pork belly‐modified manikin (obese‐meat manikin) and a conventional slim manikin (slim manikin). Thirty‐three experienced anaesthetists undertook simulated emergency front of neck airway procedures on each manikin (total 99 procedures). Time to ventilation was longer on both obese manikins compared with the slim manikin (median (IQR [range]) time to intubation 159 (126–243 [73–647]) s in the obese‐synthetic, 105 (72–138 [43–279]) s in the obese‐meat and 58 (47–74 [30–370]) s in the slim manikin; p < 0.001 between each manikin). Cricothyroidotomy success rate was similar in the both obese manikins but lower when compared with the slim manikin (15/33 obese‐synthetic vs. 14/33 obese‐meat vs. 27/33 slim manikin). Participant feedback indicated performance difficulty was similar between both obese manikins, which were both more difficult than the slim manikin. The tissues of the obese‐meat manikin were judged more realistic than those of either other manikin. Overall, the obese‐synthetic manikin performed broadly similarly to the obese‐meat manikin and was technically more difficult than the conventional slim manikin. The novel obese‐synthetic manikin maybe useful for training and research in front of neck airway procedures.
Skeletal development in blue‐breasted quail embryos
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Nakane Yoshifumi , Tsudzuki Masaoki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe blue‐breasted quail (Coturnix chinensis), the smallest species of quail with short generation interval and excellent reproductive performance, is a potential avian research model. A normal series of skeletal development of avian embryos could be served as a reference standard in the fields of developmental biology and teratological testing as well as in the investigation of mutation with skeletal abnormalities and in the study of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal development through genome manipulation. Furthermore, ossification sequence shows a species‐specific pattern and has potential utility in phylogeny. However, data on the skeletal development of blue‐breasted quail embryos are scarce. Here, we established a series of normal stages for the skeletal development of blue‐breasted quail embryos. Cartilage and ossified bones of blue‐breasted quail embryos were stained blue and red with Alcian blue 8GX and Alizarin red S, respectively. The time and order of chondrification and calcification of their skeletons were documented every 24 hr from 3 to 17 days of incubation, and a 15‐stage series of skeletal development was created. Moreover, a comparative study with the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) demonstrated that ossification sequence differed significantly between these two species.
Rumen fluid, feces, milk, water, feed, airborne dust, and bedding microbiota in dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems
Authors: Wu Haoming , Nguyen Qui D. , Tran Tu T. M. , Tang Minh T. , Tsuruta Takeshi , Nishino Naoki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrobiota of the gut, milk, and cowshed environment were examined at two dairy farms managed by automatic milking systems (AMS). Feed, rumen fluid, feces, milk, bedding, water, and airborne dust were collected and the microbiota on each was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The most abundant taxa in feed, rumen fluid, feces, bedding, and water were Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillaceae, respectively, at both farms. Aerococcaceae was the most abundant taxon in milk and airborne dust microbiota at farm 1, and Staphylococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae were the most abundant taxa in milk and airborne dust microbiota at farm 2. The three most prevalent taxa (Aerococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at farm 1 and Staphylococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Ruminococcaceae at farm 2) were shared between milk and airborne dust microbiota. Indeed, SourceTracker indicated that milk microbiota was related with airborne dust microbiota. Meanwhile, hierarchical clustering and canonical analysis of principal coordinates demonstrated that the milk microbiota was associated with the bedding microbiota but clearly separated from feed, rumen fluid, feces, and water microbiota. Although our findings were derived from only two case studies, the importance of cowshed management for milk quality control and mastitis prevention was emphasized at farms managed by AMS.
Methodological aspects of health‐related quality of life measurement and analysis in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Nielsen Lene Kongsgaard , Abildgaard Niels , Jarden Mary , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeld 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable but treatment‐sensitive cancer. For most patients, this means treatment with multiple lines of anti‐myeloma therapy and a life with disease‐ and treatment‐related symptoms and complications. Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) issues play an important role in treatment decision‐making. Methodological challenges in longitudinal HRQoL measurements and analyses have been identified, including non‐responses (NR) to scheduled questionnaires. Publications were identified for inclusion in a systematic review of longitudinal HRQoL studies in MM, focussing on methodological aspects of HRQoL measurement and analysis. Diversity in timing of HRQoL data collection and applied statistical methods were noted. We observed a high rate of NR, but the impact of NR was investigated in only 8/23 studies. Thus, evidence‐based knowledge of HRQoL in patients with MM is compromised. To improve quality of HRQoL results and their implementation in daily practice, future studies should follow established guidelines.
Childhood adversity and mechanistic links to hypertension risk in adulthood
Authors: Obi Ijeoma E. , McPherson Kasi C. , Pollock Jennifer S. 
Published: January 2019

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), defined as traumatic events in childhood that range from various forms of abuse to household challenges and dysfunction, have devastating consequences on adult health. Epidemiological studies in humans and animal models of early life stress (ELS) have revealed a strong association and insight into the mechanistic link between ACEs and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review focuses on the mechanistic links of ACEs in humans and ELS in mice and rats to vasoactive factors and immune mediators associated with CVD and hypertension risk, as well as sex differences in these phenomena. Major topics of discussion in this review are as follows: (a) epidemiological associations between ACEs and CVD risk focusing on hypertension, (b) evidence for association of ACE exposures to immune‐mediated and/or vasoactive pathways, (c) rodent models of ELS‐induced hypertension risk, (d) proinflammatory mediators and vasoactive factors as mechanisms of ELS‐induced hypertension risk. We also provide some overall conclusions and directions of further research.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of novel phenylpropanoic acid derivatives agonists for the FFA1
Authors: Yang Jiaju , Gu Enke , Yan Ting , Shen Daoming , Feng Bainian , Tang Chunlei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFree fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) has attracted extensive attention as a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for its role in the enhancement of insulin secretion with glucose dependency. Aiming to develop novel potent FFA1 agonists, a new series of phenylpropionic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of the modification of chemical cement of TAK‐875, AMG‐837, and LY2881835. Among them, most promising compounds 7, 14, and 15 were obtained with EC50 values of 82, 79, and 88 nM, exhibiting a powerful agonistic activity compared to TAK‐875 (95.1 nM). During Oral glucose tolerance test in normal mice, compound 7, 14, and 15 had significant glucose‐lowering effect at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, compound 15 (50 mg/kg) also significantly improved in glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic mice. Herein, we reported the discovery and optimization of a series of potent FFA1 agonists. The discovery supported further exploration surrounding this scaffold.
The influence of orthodontic treatment on dental caries: An Australian cohort study
Authors: Doğramacı Esma J. , Brennan David S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of orthodontic treatment on long‐term caries experience in 30‐year‐old South Australians. The research hypothesis that was tested was that those with previous orthodontic treatment would have lower caries experience.MethodsIn 2005‐2006, a sample of 1859 30‐year‐olds from Adelaide, South Australia, who comprised 47% of participants who had previously taken part in an oral epidemiology study in 1988‐1989, were traced from the Australian electoral roll and invited to participate in a cross‐sectional study investigating long‐term dental health outcomes. Participants completed a questionnaire that collected information on socio‐demographic characteristics, dental health behaviours and receipt of orthodontic treatment. This was followed by clinical examination. The outcome variables were the summed decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score, and its individual components. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression.ResultsThe response rate for the questionnaire was 34% (n = 632). There were no systematic differences between those who were followed up and those who were not followed up. Clinical data for 448 participants were available for analyses, representing 24% of the originally contacted individuals. By the age of 30, over a third of participants had received orthodontic treatment. Regardless of initial malocclusion classification, orthodontically treated participants had a lower DMFT score at age 30 but this did not reach statistical significance. Adjusted models controlling for socio‐demographic, dental health behaviour and malocclusion status showed no associations between orthodontic treatment and decayed (Exp B: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.72‐1.40), missing (Exp B: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.59‐1.69), or filled teeth (Exp B: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.93‐1.51) or overall DMFT (Exp B: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.88‐1.41).ConclusionThere was no difference in the long‐term caries experience of South Australians aged 30 years based on past orthodontic treatment. Our study does not support the contention that those treated orthodontically have better dental health later in life.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for grade 3 primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: Long‐term outcomes
Authors: Bellier Jocelyn , Lhommet Pierre , Bonnette Pierre , Puyo Philippe , Le Guen Morgan , Roux Antoine , Parquin François , Chapelier Alain , Sage Edouard ,   the Foch Lung Transplantation Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an efficient and innovative therapeutic tool for primary graft dysfunction (PGD). However, its effect on survival and long‐term lung function is not well known. This study evaluated those parameters in patients with PGD requiring ECMO.MethodThis single‐center, retrospective study included patients who underwent LTx at our institute between January 2007 and December 2013. Patients and disease characteristics, survival, and pulmonary function tests were recorded.ResultsA total of 309 patients underwent LTx during the study period and 211 were included. The patients were predominantly male (53.5%), the median age was 39 years, and the primary pathology was suppurative disease (53.1%). ECMO for PGD was mandatory in 24 (11.7%) cases. Mortality at 3 months in the ECMO group was 50% (N = 12). However, long‐term survival after PGD did not correlate with ECMO. Forced expiratory volume and vital capacity were significantly reduced in patients with PGD requiring ECMO, especially those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.ConclusionVeno‐arterial ECMO appears to be suitable for management of PGD after LTx. Patients with PGD requiring ECMO show increased initial mortality; however, long‐term survival was comparable with that of other patients in the study. Lung function does not appear to be related to PGD requiring ECMO.