bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercial prices and their influence on urology practices: Prostate cancer care among men with Medicare
Authors: Srivastava Arnav , Liu Xiu , Maganty Avinash , Kaufman Samuel R. , Shay Addison , Oerline Mary , Dall Christopher , Faraj Kassem S. , Ryan Andrew M. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Shahinian Vahakn B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor men with prostate cancer, there is substantial variation in the use of conservative management, such as active surveillance. Commercial prices, which vary across urology practices, may afford incentives that foster physician behaviors associated with utilization. Such behaviors may “spillover” to the Medicare population and affect quality. This study evaluated the effects of practice‐level commercial prices on health care utilization and quality in men with prostate cancer insured by traditional Medicare.MethodsFrom a 20% Medicare sample, the authors identified men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer between 2014–2019 (n = 44,653). Using commercial payments from the MarketScan database, they developed a practice‐level commercial price index (ratio of commercial prices to Medicare prices). They examined the association of the price index with price standardized spending, overtreatment (treatment among those with >50% noncancer mortality within 10 years), and underuse of diagnostic testing in active surveillance (at least one prostate‐specific antigen test and one confirmatory test—MRI, prostate biopsy, genomic test—within 12 months of diagnosis).ResultsPractice‐level commercial price indices varied from 1.34 (134% of Medicare prices), for practices in the bottom decile, to 3.00, for practices in the top decile. Increasing price index was associated with lower odds of overtreatment (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.97; p = .01), but not price standardized spending or underuse of diagnostic testing in active surveillance.ConclusionsCommercial prices vary markedly across urology practices. Among newly diagnosed men with traditional Medicare, those managed by practices with higher commercial price indices had lower odds of overtreatment, suggesting improved prostate cancer care quality.
Therapeutic Effect of Targeted Deployment Filling Coils in the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Ren Xiaoyu , Gao Bin , Lu Wangsheng , Yang Guangming , Wang Yunjie , Yin Yin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEndovascular coil embolization is the primary therapeutic modality for intracranial aneurysms. Substantial reports have been found regarding the coil packing density and inflow jet. However, the hemodynamic effect of increasing the rate of tamponade in the inflow jet area within the aneurysm remains unclear. In this study, individualized geometries of six intracranial aneurysms were recruited: all six aneurysms were located in the internal carotid artery. Two groups were created by changing the position and orientation of the microcatheter for the release of the third segment of the filling coil. The finite element method was used to simulate coil deployment. Computational fluid dynamics was used to characterize hemodynamics in post‐deployment aneurysms. The parameters evaluated included velocity reduction, wall shear stress (WSS), low WSS (LWSS), relative residence time (RRT), flow kinetic energy in the neck region of the aneurysms, and residual flow volume (RFV) in the aneurysms. At the peak time (t = 0.17 s), the targeted deployment group has similar proportion of LWSS area to conventional deployment groups: targeted 78.13% ± 34.59% versus normal 74.20% ± 36.94% (mean ± SD, p = 0.583). The targeted deployment group has a higher RRT area (targeted 16.84% ± 5.58% vs. normal 6.42% ± 5.67% [mean ± SD, p = 0.009]), smaller flow kinetic energy (targeted 9.43 ± 4.33 vs. normal 16.23 ± 5.92 [mean ± SD, p = 0.047]), and a larger RFV in the aneurysms (targeted 35.97 ± 24.35 mm3 vs. normal 25.80 ± 18.94 mm3 [mean ± SD, p = 0.44]). Inflow jets play an important role in the treatment of aneurysms, and deploying filling coils in accordance with inflow jets may result in a better hemodynamic environment.
Modeling Fibrin Accumulation on Flow‐Diverting Devices for Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Cebral Juan R. , Mut Fernando , Löhner Rainald , Marsh Laurel , Chitsaz Alireza , Bilgin Cem , Bayraktar Esref , Kallmes David , Kadirvel Ramanathan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe mechanisms leading to aneurysm occlusion after treatment with flow‐diverting devices are not fully understood. Flow modification induces thrombus formation within the aneurysm cavity, but fibrin can simultaneously accumulate and cover the device scaffold, leading to further flow modification. However, the interplay and relative importance of these processes are not clearly understood. A computational model of fibrin accumulation and flow modification after flow diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms has been developed under the guidance of in vitro experiments and observations. The model is based on the loose coupling of flow and transport‐reaction equations that are solved separately by independent codes. Interaction or reactive terms account for thrombin production from prothrombin stimulated by thrombogenic metallic wires and inhibition by antithrombin as well as fibrin production from fibrinogen stimulated by thrombin and flow shear stress, and fibrin adhesion to device wires and already attached fibrin. The computational model was demonstrated and tested on idealized vessel and aneurysm geometries. The model was able to reproduce the salient features of fibrin accumulation after the deployment of flow‐diverting devices in idealized in vitro models of cerebral aneurysms. Namely, fibrin production in regions of high shear stress, initial accumulation at the inflow zone, and progressive occlusion of the device and corresponding flow attenuation. The computational model linking flow dynamics to fibrin production, transport, and adhesion can be used to investigate and better understand the effects that lead to fibrin accumulation and the resulting aneurysm inflow reduction and intra‐aneurysmal flow modulation.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon‐Ionomer Layers on Proton Conducting Membranes
Authors: Bredol Michael , Radev Ivan , Primavera Giulia , Lange Thomas , Caidi Adib , Peinecke Volker 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSynthetic and natural carbons are widely used as carrier for electrodes in electrochemical applications. They need to have a controlled morphology in order to facilitate mass and charge transport, so the process of film formation is of uttermost importance. Here we show, how carbons (after proper preconditioning) can be codeposited with an ionomer by electrophoretic deposition, a method that does allow full control of deposition conditions during the process. In view of potential applications, we focus on the direct deposition on proton‐conducting membranes. Ionomers and membranes applied are based on established per‐fluorinated polyethylene with SO3H‐terminated side chains (PFSA). Conditions for reproducible deposition are reported in terms of optimal charge on the carbon particles, field strength in the deposition cell and necessary deposition times for a given film thickness. Additionally, a horizontal cell arrangement is suggested to avoid gravitational effects.
Sustainable Hydrogen Production by Glycerol and Monosaccharides Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (AD) in Homogeneous Phase
Authors: Kostera Sylwia , Gonsalvi Luca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the quest for sustainable hydrogen production, the use of biomass‐derived feedstock is gaining importance. Acceptorless Dehydrogenation (AD) in the presence of efficient and selective catalysts has been explored worldwide as a suitable method to produce hydrogen from hydrogen‐rich simple organic molecules. Among these, glycerol and sugars have the advantage of being inexpensive, abundant, and obtainable from fatty acid basic hydrolysis (biodiesel industry) and from biomass by biochemical and thermochemical processing, respectively. Although heterogeneous catalysts are more widely used for hydrogen production from biomass‐based feedstock, the harsh reaction conditions often limit their applicability due to the deactivation of active sites caused by the coking of carbonaceous materials. Moreover, heterogeneous catalysts are more difficult to fine‐tune than homogeneous counterparts, and the latter also allow for high process selectivities under milder conditions. The present Concept article summarizes the main features of the most active homogeneous catalysts reported for glycerol and monosaccharides AD. In order to directly compare hydrogen production efficiencies, the choice of literature works was limited to reports where hydrogen was clearly quantified by yields and turnover numbers (TONs). The types of transition metals and ligands are discussed, together with a perspective view on future challenges of homogeneous AD reactions for practical applications.
Selective Modification of the Product Profile of Biocatalytic Hydrolyzed PET via Product‐Specific Medium Engineering
Authors: Heinks Tobias , Hofmann Katrin , Last Simon , Gamm Igor , Blach Luise , Wei Ren , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Hamel Christof , von Langermann Jan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the past years, enzymatic depolymerization of PET, one of the most widely used plastics worldwide, has become very efficient leading to the end products terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) used for PET re‐synthesis. Potent alternatives to these monomers are the intermediates BHET and MHET, the mono‐ and di‐esters of TPA and EG which avoid total hydrolysis and can serve as single starting materials for direct re‐polymerization. This study therefore aimed to selectively prepare those intermediates through reaction medium engineering during the biocatalytic hydrolysis of PET. After a comparative pre‐screening of 12 PET‐hydrolyzing enzymes, two of them (LCCICCG, IsPETasewt) were chosen for detailed investigations. Depending on the reaction conditions, MHET and BHET are predominantly obtainable: (i) MHET was produced in a better ratio and high concentrations at the beginning of the reaction when IsPETasewt and 10 % EG was used; (ii) BHET was produced as predominant product when LCCICCG and 25 % EG was used. TPA itself was nearly the single product at pH 9.0 after 24 h due to the self‐hydrolysis of MHET and BHET under basic conditions. Using medium engineering in biocatalytic PET‐hydrolysis, the product profile can be adjusted so that TPA, MHET or BHET is predominantly produced.
Single‐cell analysis of osmoregulation reveals heterogeneity of aquaporin 4 functionality in human astrocytes
Authors: Steenberghen Hugo , Beuckeleer Sarah De , Hellings Niels , Somers Veerle , Breedam Elise Van , Ponsaerts Peter , Nuydens Rony , Maurin Hervé , Larsen Peter H. , De Vos Winnok H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) contributes to water flow and waste removal across the blood–brain barrier and its levels, organization and localization are perturbed in various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease. This renders AQP4 a potentially valuable therapeutic target. However, most functional assays aimed at identifying modulators of AQP4 function are performed with primary rodent cells and do not consider inter‐cellular variations in AQP4 abundance and presentation. To address this, we have established and applied a robust live cell microscopy assay that captures the contribution of AQP4 in the osmotically driven (de‐)quenching of the vital dye Calcein‐AM with single‐cell resolution. Using human astrocytoma cells, we found that performing measurements on cellular regions instead of whole fields of view yielded a more sensitive readout of the osmotic response, which correlated with AQP4 abundance. Stable co‐expression of the two major AQP4 isoforms, but not of the individual isoforms, provoked a faster adaptation to osmotic changes, while siRNA‐mediated knockdown of AQP4 had the opposite effect. Post‐hoc correlation with the canonical membrane marker CD44 revealed that the speed of the osmotic response scaled with AQP4 membrane enrichment. Coating the substrate with laminin promoted AQP4 membrane enrichment, while cell confinement with fixed‐size micropatterns further increased the speed of osmoregulation, underscoring the influence of extracellular factors. The osmotic response of primary fetal astrocytes and human iPSC‐derived astrocyte models was comparable to AQP4‐deficient astrocytoma cells, in line with their low AQP4 levels and indicative of their immature state. In conclusion, a correlative single‐cell approach based on the quantification of Calcein‐AM quenching capacity, AQP4 abundance and AQP4 membrane enrichment, allows resolving osmoregulation in a more sensitive manner and reveals heterogeneity between and within human astrocyte (–like) cultures, which could prove crucial for future screens aimed at identifying AQP4 modulators.
A Review on Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Challenges and Opportunities Towards Secured Communications
Authors: S Sivasankar , S Markkandan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis review examines the advanced development and implementation of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in smart radio environments (SREs) to enhance secure communications. IRS technology, including intelligent walls and software‐controlled metasurfaces, is designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves, thereby significantly improving wireless communication. The study highlights the importance of dynamic, nearly passive IRS, which combine multiple elements to create surfaces capable of diverse wave manipulations. Cutting‐edge techniques such as nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and machine learning are employed to optimize IRS functions, enhancing secrecy rates and resilience against eavesdropping. Despite their ease of reconfiguration and affordability, IRSs are vulnerable to several security threats, a concern that has not been extensively explored in current research. This review aims to fill this gap by offering a comprehensive analysis of the security challenges associated with IRS‐enabled wireless networks. The effectiveness of IRS is compared to traditional wireless relays, with special attention to the simultaneous transmitting and reflecting intelligent reflecting surface (STAR‐IRS) model that provides 360° coverage. Key findings suggest that IRS can greatly enhance secure communications, improving wireless network performance, reliability, and adaptability. This paper underscores the pivotal role of IRS technology in the future of wireless networks, presenting new opportunities for secure and efficient communication systems.
MLLT3 knockdown suppresses proliferation and cell mobility in human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shi Wenbo , Zhang Tongyangzi , Zhang Li , Li Wanzhen , Chen Zhiwei , Xu Xianghuai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLung cancer is emerging as one of the most frequently encountered malignancies around the world that carries high morbidity and mortality. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has become the most common subtype of lung cancer. MLLT3 or named AF9 was first characterized in acute myeloid leukemia and can downregulate the expression of several critical genes. The aim of this study was to explore the function of MLLT3 in the progression of LUAD and related molecular mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess MLLT3 expression in LUAD tissues, while quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot were utilized to detect MLLT3 expression levels in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. These results revealed a significant overexpression of MLLT3 in LUAD cell lines and tissues. We further uncovered an association between MLLT3 expression profiles in LUAD tissues and metastasis, as well as TNM stage. Survival analysis showed that elevated MLLT3 correlated with a poorer survival rate. We also found that MLLT3 knockdown repressed LUAD cells invasion, migration, and proliferation in vitro, while inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of LUAD cells. Moreover, knocking down MLLT3 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Specific markers of apoptosis, cell cycle, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), and MLLT3‐induced signaling were examined by Western blot. We demonstrated that MLLT3 knockdown inhibited the activity of the EGFR‐MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, and MLLT3 might be a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinomas.
Predicting the Global Potential Suitable Areas of Sweet Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) Under Current and Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Yue Yuanzheng , Huang Yingyu , Liu Wei , Yang Xiulian , Wang Lianggui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOsmanthus fragrans is a valuable landscaping tree that is appreciated worldwide. However, the optimal environmental conditions for O. fragrans cultivation have yet to be studied in detail, which hinders the preservation of wild resources of this plant and its commercial exploitation. The maximum entropy model was applied to assess the significance of environment variables influencing O. fragrans distribution. Combining data from 629 global distribution points for O. fragrans, predictions were made on the potential effects of climate change on the geographical distribution of suitable habitats for this species in the present and the future. The results indicated that O. fragrans preferred a warm and humid growing environment. Under the current climatic conditions, the potential habitats for O. fragrans were mostly located in the eastern coastal areas of the continents at medium and low latitudes. The main environmental variables that affected its distribution were the precipitation during the warmest quarter, the temperature seasonality, and the mean temperature of the warmest quarter. The analysis indicated that the continuation of current trends in climate change will result in the further reduction of suitable habitats for O. fragrans growth, and the global centroid will shift to the southeast. These findings provided insight into the impact of climate change on O. fragrans habitats, as well as provide guidance for the conservation of wild resources of this species and the breeding of more climate change‐resistant varieties for the future.
Absolute Train Localization Based on the Identification of Surrounding Structures Using 1D LiDAR Sensor
Authors: Nagai Kensuke , Ohnishi Wataru , Koseki Takafumi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTrain localization is an essential technology for effective train control. Currently, train localization primarily relies on using track circuits and balises, which are placed along the track to provide precise location information. However, balises have to be placed at intervals of a few kilometers. This increases maintenance costs and makes them vulnerable to being damaged by ice blocks falling from moving trains. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method for absolute train localization based on structure detection and identification using a 1D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor to reduce the number of balises. Structure identification is achieved using scan matching. In the experiments using a car, the proposed method achieved an identification success rate of over 90%. We also considered the effect of raindrops by filtering the measurement data. By testing and analyzing the identification results, we successfully reduced all cases of misidentification.
A Minireview of Multimetallic Iron‐Based Oxides for Supercapacitive Negative Electrode Materials
Authors: Zhong Huohong , Zhang Nan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe serious mismatch between the positive and negative electrodes of supercapacitors (SCs) makes it imperative to develop high‐performance negative electrode materials. Among them, multimetallic iron‐based oxides (MIBOs) are intensively investigated attributed to their high theoretical specific capacitance, wide operating potential window, copious electrochemical active sites, variable metal oxidation states, and abundant redox centers. This paper briefly introduces some essential information on SCs and the most common synthesis methods of MIBOs. Also, the research progress of several important MIBOs and their composites is discussed. Finally, the existing problems and challenges of MIBOs are summarized and future outlooks are likewise proposed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Sulfone‐Containing 1,3‐Enynes from Simple Alkynes and Sulfonyl Iodides
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Jianwei , Ying Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed domino radical sulfonylation and alkynylation of simple alkynes has been developed for the rapid construction of privileged scaffolds containing sulfone and 1,3‐enyne motifs. The reaction of sulfonyl iodide with simple alkynes proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to afford a variety of sulfone‐containing 1,3‐enynes in good yields and with excellent selectivities.
NHC‐Catalyzed, Microwave‐Assisted and Base‐Dependent Reactions of Substituted Cinnamaldehydes Towards γ‐Lactones or Saturated Esters
Authors: Papadaki Evanthia , Kapoti Antonia , Leitourgaki Roza , Vogiatzi Aikaterini , Magrioti Victoria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) generated from imidazolium, imidazopyridinium and imidazoquinolinium hydrochlorides in situ using base and microwave irradiation were employed as organocatalysts to yield homoenolates from cinnamaldehyde and its aryl‐substituted analogs. Depending on the catalytic base either γ‐lactones were prepared when the strong base tBuOK was used or the corresponding saturated ethyl 3‐aryl propionates were synthesized with the milder DIPEA base. Novel imidazopyridinium and imidazoquinolinium hydrochlorides were synthesized and were compared to commercially available NHCs IMes and IDip for their catalytic activity. The optimum reaction conditions were established using IMes and the broad scope of both reactions was investigated using the 4 most efficient NHCs.
Synthesis, Structure, Spectral and Redox Properties of Phenoxazine Embedded Heteroporphyrins
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA series of phenoxazine embedded heteroporphyrins containing one phenoxazine, two pyrroles and one heterocycle, such as furan, thiophene, selenophene and telluorophene, connected by four meso carbon atoms were synthesized by condensing one equivalent of phenoxazine‐based tripyrrane with one equivalent of the appropriate 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl‐p‐tolyl) heterocycle under acid‐catalyzed conditions, and their structure, spectral and electrochemical properties were compared with those of previously reported phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. The X‐ray crystal structure of the phenoxazine embedded selenoporphyrin revealed that the selenophene ring, which is opposite the phenoxazine moiety, points outward from the macrocyclic core, and the phenoxazine unit deviated by an angle of 39.47° from the mean plane defined by the four meso carbons atoms. The replacement of the phenothiazine unit in phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins with a phenoxazine unit led to significant alteration of the electronic properties of the macrocycles, as reflected in their spectral and electrochemical properties. The absorption spectra of phenoxazine embedded heteroporphyrins showed bathochromically shifted absorption bands, hypsochromically shifted fluorescence bands with decent quantum yields, more facile oxidation and more difficult reduction as compared to the corresponding phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. DFT and TD‐DFT studies were in support of the experimental observations.