bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs as regulators and effectors of hematopoietic transcription factors
Authors: Kim MinJung , Civin Curt I. , Kingsbury Tami J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHematopoiesis is a highly‐regulated development process orchestrated by lineage‐specific transcription factors that direct the generation of all mature blood cells types, including red blood cells, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Under homeostatic conditions, the hematopoietic system of the typical adult generates over 1011 blood cells daily throughout life. In addition, hematopoiesis must be responsive to acute challenges due to blood loss or infection. MicroRNAs (miRs) cooperate with transcription factors to regulate all aspects of hematopoiesis, including stem cell maintenance, lineage selection, cell expansion, and terminal differentiation. Distinct miR expression patterns are associated with specific hematopoietic lineages and stages of differentiation and functional analyses have elucidated essential roles for miRs in regulating cell transitions, lineage selection, maturation, and function. MiRs function as downstream effectors of hematopoietic transcription factors and as upstream regulators to control transcription factor levels. Multiple miRs have been shown to play essential roles. Regulatory networks comprised of differentially expressed lineage‐specific miRs and hematopoietic transcription factors are involved in controlling the quiescence and self‐renewal of hematopoietic stem cells as well as proliferation and differentiation of lineage‐specific progenitor cells during erythropoiesis, myelopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis. This review focuses on hematopoietic miRs that function as upstream regulators of central hematopoietic transcription factors required for normal hematopoiesis.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
K‐line X‐ray fluorescence from highly charged iron ions under dense astrophysical plasma conditions
Authors: Deprince Jérôme , Bautista Manuel , Fritzsche Stephan , García Javier , Kallman Timothy , Mendoza Claudio , Palmeri Patrick , Quinet Pascal 
Published: April 2019

In the present work, we report an investigation of plasma environment effects on the atomic parameters associated with the K‐vacancy states in highly charged iron ions within the astrophysical context of accretion disks around black holes. More particularly, the sensitivity of K‐line X‐ray fluorescence parameters (wavelengths, radiative transition probabilities, and Auger rates) in Fe XVII–Fe XXV ions has been estimated for plasma conditions characterized by an electron temperature ranging from 105 to 107 K and an electron density ranging from 1018 to 1022 cm−3. In order to do this, relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac‐Fock atomic structure calculations have been carried out by considering a time averaged Debye‐Hückel potential for both the electron–nucleus and electron–electron interactions.
Bending of inflated curved hyperelastic tubes
Authors: Kolesnikov Alexey M. , Popov Alexander V. , Shubchinskaya Nataliya Yu. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe discuss large flexure of an inflated curved thin‐walled tube within the framework of the nonlinear theory of elastic membranes. Wrinkling of the membrane is taken into account by using a relaxed strain energy density derived from a strain energy function of incompressible hyperelastic material. We consider curved tubes with elliptical cross‐section and analyze the influence of a cross‐section shape and initial curvature of the tube at its deformation. Dependence of the bending moment on the tube curvature is obtained and discussed. In particular, the comparison with the pure bending of a cylindrical tube same material is made. We study the fact that the curving of the curved tube under in‐plane bending might be realized in two directions. Depending on the flexure direction the behavior of a curved tube can be similar or significantly different from the behavior of a cylindrical tube.
Nonparenchymal fluid is the source of increased mean diffusivity in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sepehrband Farshid , Cabeen Ryan P. , Barisano Giuseppe , Sheikh‐Bahaei Nasim , Choupan Jeiran , Law Meng , Toga Arthur W. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough increased mean diffusivity of the white matter has been repeatedly linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology, the underlying mechanism is not known.MethodsHere, we used ADNI‐3 multishell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data to separate the diffusion signal of the parenchyma from less hindered fluid pools within the white matter such as perivascular space fluid and fluid‐filled cavities.ResultsWe found that the source of the pathological increase of the mean diffusivity is the increased nonparenchymal fluid, often found in lacunes and perivascular spaces. In this cohort, the cognitive decline was significantly associated with the fluid increase and not with the microstructural changes of the white matter parenchyma itself. The white matter fluid increase was dominantly observed in the sagittal stratum and anterior thalamic radiation.DiscussionThese findings are positive steps toward understanding the pathophysiology of white matter alteration and its role in the cognitive decline.
Optimisation and analysis of efficiency for contra-rotating propellers for high-altitude airships
Authors: Tang J. , Wang X. , Duan D. , Xie W. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAn improved variational optimization approach is established to optimize and analyse the propulsion efficiency of the high-altitude contra-rotating propellers for high-altitude airships based on the Vortex Lattice Lifting Line Method. The optimum radial circulation distribution, chord and pitch distribution are optimized under the maximum lift-to-drag ratio of aerofoils. To consider the effects of the actual Reynolds number and the Mach number of each aerofoil section, aerodynamics such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient and lift-to-ratio are obtained by interpolating a CFD database, which is established by numerical simulations under different Reynolds number, Mach number and angles-of-attack. The improved method is verified by validation cases on a high-altitude CRP using the three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver and moving reference frames technique. The optimization results of thrust, torque and efficiency for both the individual front/rear propeller and CRP are shown to agree reasonably well with the CFD results. Using the improved approach, the influence of blade numbers, diameter, rotation speeds, axial distance and torque ratio on the optimum efficiency of CRPs is illustrated in detail by conducting parametric studies.
The remnant radio galaxy associated with NGC 1534
Authors: Duchesne S. W. , Johnston-Hollitt M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present new observations of the large-scale radio emission surrounding the lenticular galaxy NGC 1534 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and Murchison Widefield Array. We find no significant compact emission from the nucleus of NGC 1534 to suggest an active core, and instead find low-power radio emission tracing its star-formation history with a radio-derived star-formation rate of 0.38±0.03 M⊙yr−1. The spectral energy distribution of the extended emission is well-fit by a continuous injection model with an ‘off’ component, consistent with dead radio galaxies. We find the spectral age of the emission to be 203 Myr, having been active for 44 Myr. Polarimetric analysis points to both a large-scale magneto-ionic Galactic foreground at +33 rad m−2and a component associated with the northern lobe of the radio emission at -153 rad m−2. The magnetic field of the northern lobe shows an unusual circular pattern of unknown origin. While such remnant sources are rare, combined low- and high-frequency radio surveys with high surface-brightness sensitivities are expected to greatly increase their numbers in the coming decade, and combined with new optical and infrared surveys should provide a wealth of information on the hosts of the emission.
Dietary intake in patients with peripheral arterial disease and concomitant periodontal disease
Authors: Horina Anja , Arefnia Behrouz , Wimmer Gernot , Brodmann Marianne , Mangge Harald , Gasser Robert , Holasek Sandra , Quehenberger Franz , Seinost Gerald 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNutrition plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology and management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontal disease (PD). As PD can have profound effects on an individual’s functional ability to eat and can affect nutrient intake, we aimed to evaluate the role of PD severity on dietary intake (DI) and quality in PAD patients and compare it with current dietary recommendations for CVD. PD stages of 421 consecutive PAD patients were determined according to a standardised basic periodontal examination (Periodontal Screening and Recording Index) (‘healthy’, ‘gingivitis’, ‘moderate periodontitis’ and ‘severe periodontitis’). Dietary intake (24-h recall), dietary quality (food frequency index (FFI)) and anthropometrical data were assessed. Nutritional intake was stratified according to the severity of PD. No significant differences in DI of macronutrients, nutrients relevant for CVD and FFI were seen between the PD stages. Only median alcohol intake was significantly different between gingivitis and severe periodontitis (P = 0·001), and positively correlated with PD severity (P = 0·001; r 0·159). PD severity and the patient’s number of teeth showed no correlation with investigated nutritional parameters and FFI. Few subjects met the recommended daily intakes for fibre (5 %), SFA (10 %), Na (40 %) and sugar (26 %). Macronutrient intake differed from reference values. In our sample of patients with PAD and concomitant PD, we found no differences in DI of macronutrients, nutrients relevant for CVD and diet quality depending on PD severity. The patients’ nutrition was, however, poor, deviating seriously from dietary guidelines and recommendations.
CHALLENGING CONCEPTIONS OF ACCESSORY LIABILITY IN PRIVATE LAW
Authors: Ridge Pauline , Dietrich Joachim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article concerns recent challenges to the utility of “accessory liability” as an organising principle or concept in private law and argues that accessory liability is a coherent body of law with common features that is worthy of separate, holistic treatment. We defend a conceptual framework for accessory liability which is dynamic in its operation and which does not dictate the precise legal content of accessory liability in different contexts. Such a conception of accessory liability has come under challenge from recent cases and commentary which either minimise the scope and analytical relevance of accessory liability altogether in equity and tort law or propound a conceptual framework for accessory liability that is fixed in its application and uniform in its content across the whole of private law. Our purpose in this article is to resist both the dismissal, and simplification, of accessory liability in private law.
PARENTAL RIGHTS, BEST INTERESTS AND SIGNIFICANT HARMS: WHO SHOULD HAVE THE FINAL SAY OVER A CHILD'S MEDICAL CARE?
Authors: Auckland Cressida , Goold Imogen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWho should have the ultimate say over a child's medical treatment? A series of high-profile withdrawal of care cases have highlighted the full extent of the courts’ authority to make decisions on behalf of children in the medical context. In both the Charlie Gard and Alfie Evans litigation, the courts have made clear that they have the power to make medical decisions for children at the point that child's welfare is engaged. All courts involved in both cases affirmed the orthodox position that the threshold for judicial intervention in disputes about medical care of children is the welfare of the child, often referred to as the “best interests” approach (referring to both the threshold and the test applied to determine what should be done). While no new point of law has been decided in these cases, they are important in that they confirm just how expansive the inherent jurisdiction of the courts in such cases is, extending as far as to prevent parents from removing their child to another jurisdiction to pursue alternative treatment. In this paper, we argue that the current threshold for intervention is too low. We argue that prima facie decision-making authority about a child's medical care should rest with the child's parents, affording them the ability to choose between the range of medical options available. This authority should yield only where the parents’ decision carries a “serious risk of significant harm” to the child, at which point the court then has the authority to intervene. When it does so, the court should then apply the best interests approach.
Effects of N top-dressing modes of panicle fertilization on soil enzymes activity and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Liu Juan , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiaodong , Du Yanxiu , Li Junzhou , Sun Hongzheng , Peng Ting , Xin Zeyu , Zhao Quanzhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA field study to optimize the nitrogen (N) top-dressing mode of panicle fertilization and improve rice yields was conducted in mid-eastern China. Japonica cultivar Yunongjing-6 was grown and panicle N fertilizer was applied at the beginning of the inverted fourth leaf stage using three different modes: manual broadcast application (BA) on the soil surface as a control treatment, deep application during ditching at a depth of 15 cm (DD) and manual BA on the soil surface during deep ditching (BAD). The activity of soil enzymes, including invertase, urease, phosphatase and catalase, was increased significantly at the jointing, booting and grain-filling stages with the DD and BAD treatments compared with the traditional BA mode. The DD and BAD treatments also increased basal internode and neck-panicle internode bleeding intensity. The DD treatment gave the highest crop yield, increasing the yield by 0.63 and 0.31 t/hm2 in 2011 and 2012, respectively, compared with BA. The results suggest that ditching during panicle N fertilizer application after sun-drying of the fields increases rice yields, most likely by improving the activity of soil enzymes and enhancing the physiological activity of roots and grain weight.
Value of patient-reported symptoms in the follow up of patients potentially cured of laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Brandstorp-Boesen J , Zätterström U , Evensen J F , Boysen M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of patients’ ability to recognise symptoms that signify recurrence.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted in Norway of demographic, clinical and follow-up data for patients with laryngeal carcinoma considered free of disease following treatment. The study included clinical data from 732 patients with glottic tumours and 249 patients with supraglottic tumours who were considered cured of disease. Data on the site, time and type of recurrence (symptomatic or asymptomatic) were retrieved.ResultsRecurrence was observed in 127 patients with glottic tumours and 71 with supraglottic tumours. A total of 103 glottic recurrences and 53 supraglottic recurrences were symptomatic. For patients with glottic carcinoma, recurrence detection through symptoms was associated with a favourable post-salvage survival rate compared with asymptomatic recurrences (p = 0.003).ConclusionA patient's ability to self-detect ‘red flag’ symptoms and self-initiate visits represents a previously ignored prognostic factor, and may rationalise follow up and improve survival.
Role of T-helper 17 cell related cytokines in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Muderris T K , Gul F , Doblan A , Ergin M , Muderris T 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the role of T-helper 17 cells and their cascade in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer.MethodsProspectively, 110 consecutive patients with a suspicious laryngeal lesion were evaluated for serum levels of T-helper 17 cell related interleukins, including interleukins 23, 17A and 22, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were divided into 2 groups after pathological evaluation: 49 patients with malignancy and 61 with benign pathology. Associations between interleukin levels and malignancy were determined via correlation analyses.ResultsInterleukin 17A and 22 levels were significantly higher in the malignancy group than the benign lesion group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that interleukins 17A and 22 acted in a cascade, but interleukin 23 did not. According to predictive values, interleukin 17A levels were 3.87 times and interleukin 22 levels were 1.09 times more likely to be associated with laryngeal cancer. The cut-off values for predicting laryngeal cancer were 3.55 pg/ml for interleukin 17A and 119.82 pg/ml for interleukin 22.ConclusionT-helper 17 cell related interleukins are potential biomarkers that may be helpful in diagnosing laryngeal cancer. Moreover, these data may support neutralisation of T-helper 17 cell related cytokine activity, which could be an attractive strategy for treating laryngeal cancer.
Dry surgical field minor salivary gland harvest using a chalazion clamp for sicca syndrome
Authors: Wijaya C , Ramli R R , Khoo S G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSjögren's syndrome is a rheumatological condition. Diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome can be challenging given the overlapping nature of clinical presentations. Currently, minor salivary gland biopsy is considered the definitive test for diagnosing Sjögren's syndrome. Various surgical techniques have been described, targeting biopsy of minor salivary glands from the lower lip. Identification of minor salivary glands is often difficult because of bleeding. One common complication of minor salivary gland biopsy is lip paraesthesia from iatrogenic sensory nerve injury.ObjectivesTo describe a minor salivary gland biopsy technique in a bloodless operative field using a chalazion ophthalmic clamp under local anaesthesia, and to report our clinical outcomes.MethodsA prospective study was performed on patients who underwent minor salivary gland biopsy using a chalazion ophthalmic clamp between July 2017 and April 2018.ResultsThe study included 23 patients. The histopathological reports positively identified minor salivary glands for all patients. In nine cases, the histological findings were positive for Sjögren's syndrome. No lip paraesthesia complications were reported post-operatively.ConclusionThis technique facilitates a superior yield, ensures adequate sampling of appropriate glands for histopathological analysis, and minimises the complications associated with traditional techniques.
The diagnosis and management of supernumerary nasal teeth
Authors: Jin K-F , Lou Z-C , Lou Z-H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss the reasons for misdiagnosis of supernumerary nasal teeth.MethodsClinical data of four supernumerary nasal tooth patients were analysed retrospectively at visits to our otolaryngology department between 2005 and 2018.ResultsAll four patients were male and had a supernumerary nasal tooth in the right nasal cavity. Three of the four patients had previously been misdiagnosed. All the supernumerary nasal teeth were surrounded by granulation tissue or hypertrophic nasal mucosa, and were subsequently confirmed by computed tomography and endoscopy. The granulation tissue or hypertrophic nasal mucosa was removed using microwave ablation, and the supernumerary nasal teeth successfully removed by endoscopy.ConclusionSupernumerary nasal teeth are rare, and are usually misdiagnosed because such teeth are surrounded by hypertrophic nasal mucosa or granulation tissue. They can be confirmed by computed tomography and endoscopy.
Effects of some natural products from fungal and herbal sources on Giardia lamblia in vivo
Authors: Chabra Aroona , Rahimi-Esboei Bahman , Habibi Emran , Monadi Taha , Azadbakht Mohammad , Elmi Taher , valian Hossein Keshavarz , Akhtari Javad , Fakhar Mahdi , Naghshvar Farshad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGiardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is the most widely known protozoan parasite that causes human gastrointestinal infection worldwide. Some natural compounds exhibited pivotal effects against different infectious diseases. In this research, the antigiardial activity and cytotoxicity of fungal chitosan, nano-chitosan, Rhamnus cathartica (R. cathartica) and emodin were evaluated in Balb/c mice. Genotyping of G. lamblia was assessed by PCR-RFLP technique. Different concentrations of mentioned compounds were used to check their antigiardial and cytotoxicity effects on human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) after 24, 48 and 72 h. The G. lamblia strain used in the current work was genotyped and revealed as an AII assemblage. All the concentration showed acceptable activity against G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites in comparison to the negative and positive controls (furazolidone and metronidazole) in vitro (P < 0.05). Giardia lamblia cysts were susceptible after treatment in all experiments in vivo in comparison to negative control (P < 0.05). Approximately, in most of the concentration, nano-chitosan and emodin were more effective than chitosan and R. cathartica, respectively (P < 0.05). The effects of exposure times in antigiardial and cytotoxicity effects were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The maximum mortality rate (100%) was achieved at 100 and 50 µg kg−1 concentrations after 48 and 72 h of exposure time, respectively. Our results provide significant information about the new antigiardial agent and proposed the nano-chitosan and emodin for the development of new drugs against G. lamblia in the future.
Beyond accuracy: Heritage speakers’ performance on two kinds of acceptability judgment tasks
Authors: Zyzik Eve C. , Sanchez Ruben A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article examines the performance of heritage speakers (HSs) on two types of acceptability judgment tasks (AJTs) as well as their corresponding confidence ratings. Data were collected from 75 native speakers of Spanish who were subsequently divided into three groups: Spanish monolinguals, Spanish-dominant HSs, and English-dominant HSs. An AJT targeting morphosyntax (Task 1) showed that all groups were affected by task stimulus, that is, they were significantly less accurate on the ungrammatical items. A lexically focused AJT (Task 2) revealed the tendency of HSs to accept complex words that are possible yet not attested. Confidence ratings on both tasks were very high overall, and there was a significant relationship between accuracy and confidence. Thus, the data question the assumption made in a number of previous studies that HSs suffer from a lack of certainty in their linguistic intuitions. Finally, between-group effects show that the Spanish-dominant HS group was not different from the monolingual group on Task 1, yet there were significant differences between all three groups on Task 2. By comparing morphosyntactic and lexical phenomena on two tasks administered in the same modality, this research contributes to the discussion of vulnerable domains in heritage language bilingualism.