bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength Study of the X-Ray Bright Supernova Remnant N300-S26 in NGC 300
Authors: Gross Jacob , Williams Benjamin F. , Pannuti Thomas G. , Binder Breanna , Garofali Kristen , Hanvey Zachary G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength examination of the supernova remnant (SNR) S26 in the nearby galaxy NGC 300 using data from Chandra X-ray Observatory, XMM-Newton X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the Very Large Array, and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We simultaneously fit all of the available X-ray data with a thermal plasma model and find a temperature of 0.77 ± 0.13 keV with a hydrogen column density of (

) × 1020 cm−2. HST imaging allows us to measure a semimajor axis of 0.78 ± 0.10 arcsec (

) and a semiminor axis of

arcsec (

). This precise size helps to constrain the age and velocity of the shock to be (

) × 103 yr and

km s−1. We also fit photometry of the surrounding stars to infer the age and mass of the progenitor star to be 8 ± 1 Myr and

M
⊙. Based on measured radio properties of the source and assuming equipartition, the estimated radio luminosity of ∼1.7 × 1034 erg s−1 over the 108–1011 Hz frequency range results in a minimum magnetic field associated with this SNR of 0.067 mG and the minimum energy needed to power the observed synchrotron emission of 1.5 × 1049 erg. The size and temperature of N300-S26 appear to be similar to the Galactic SNR G311.5–0.3 except that G311.5–0.3 has a significantly lower X-ray luminosity, is older, and has a slower shock velocity.
Free Motion around Black Holes with Disks or Rings: Between Integrability and Chaos–V
Authors: Polcar L. , Suková P. , Semerák O. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The complete integrability of geodesic motion, the well-known feature of fields of isolated stationary black holes, can easily be “spoiled” by the presence of some additional sources (even if highly symmetric). In previous papers, we used various methods to show how free time-like motion becomes chaotic if the gravitational field of the Schwarzschild black hole is perturbed by that of a circular disk or ring, considering specifically the inverted first disk of the Morgan–Morgan counter-rotating family and the Bach–Weyl ring as additional sources. The present paper focuses on two new points. First, because the Bach–Weyl thin ring is physically quite unsatisfactory, we now repeat some of the analyses for a different, Majumdar–Papapetrou-type (extremally charged) ring around an extreme Reissner–Nordström black hole, and compare the results with those obtained before. We also argue that such a system is in fact more relevant astrophysically than it may seem. Second, we check numerically, for the latter system as well as for the Schwarzschild black hole encircled by the inverted Morgan–Morgan disk, how indicative the geometric (curvature) criterion is for the chaos suggested by Sota et al. We also add a review of the literature where the relevance of geometric criteria in general relativity (as well as elsewhere) has been discussed for decades.
Dismantling and decontamination of large-sized radiation-contaminated equipment during Research Building B decommissioning at the Bochvar Institute site
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrey Yu. , Azovskov Mikhail E. , Belousov Sergey V. , Vereshchagin Ilya I. , Efremov Alexey E. , Khlebnikov Sergey V. 
Published: May 2019

The article presents the results of work on dismantling the large installation equipment of Research Building B at the Bochvar High-technology Research Institute of Inorganic Materials (Bochvar Institute). The works were carried out as part of Building B preparation for decommissioning. The purpose of dismantling the large-sized capacitive equipment was to reconstruct the large installation site for managing radioactive waste generated during Building B decommissioning. The works on decommissioning a radioactively contaminated building within a densely populated district of megalopolis were carried out for the first time.
The characteristics of the large-sized capacitive equipment are presented. Radioactive contamination of the capacitive equipment is determined by long-lived a-emitting isotopes: 235U, 238U, 239Pu. The sequence of works on dismantling the radiation-contaminated capacitive equipment includes preparatory work, dismantling the tank piping, localizing radioactive contamination of the external surface of the equipment as well as dismantling and moving it into a transport container.
Dismantling and decontamination of the large-sized capacitive equipment was carried out by the Bochvar Institute Decommissioning Department. The following tools were used during the works: (1) a mobile foam decontamination facility to perform decontamination works and (2) a mobile high pressure facility to apply localizing and decontaminating film coatings. The tanks were dismantled by means of low-spark tools, i.e., reciprocating saws. Crane runways were made in order to move the dismantled equipment into transport containers: the movement was carried out with the help of a winch.
The main results of dismantling and decontaminating the radioactively contaminated tanks are the dismantling of four units of long-length column-type equipment with heights from 4.2 to 6.4 m and 26 units of capacitive equipment (maximum capacity = 8 m3) as well as decontamination of the internal surfaces of radiation-contaminated equipment (decontamination factor = 25–70). As a result, the activity of the accumulated radioactive waste was reduced (the RW class was changed from 3 to 4).
The main conclusion regarding the managment of large-sized radiation-contaminated tanks during Building B decommissioning is as follows: the works were organized and carried out at a high technical level, using modern decontamination and dismantling equipment and modern methods to ensure work safety at the Bochvar Institute site in the city of Moscow.
La peur à l’aube de la vie
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain 
Published: May 2019

Le danger et la peur sont les plus vieux alliés d’ Homo sapiens . Depuis la nuit des temps, les émotions pénibles, les craintes et les frayeurs inhérentes aux stratégies de combat et de fuite fondent le paradoxe anthropologique : la force de la créativité humaine individuelle et collective s’enracine et se déploie dans cette fragilité.	Qu’est-ce que la néoténie humaine des commencements de l’ infans vient révéler des peurs de l’adulte industrieux et mortel ? Qu’est-ce que « l’impuissance originelle », « le désaide initial » du bébé révèlent de son garde du corps, le Nebenmensch , « l’être-humain-proche » ? Une psychopathologie psychanalytique de « la situation anthropologique fondamentale » (Laplanche, 2002) est-elle une source féconde d’exploration de nos peurs ? Qu’apporte la psychanalyse dans ce débat où réalités matérielle et psychique s’entremêlent ? À partir de deux situations cliniques d’un enfant et d’une adulte, l’auteur esquisse quelques éléments de réponses à ces questions en appui sur la différenciation entre angoisse signal et angoisse automatique.
Novel Use of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for the Rapid Identification of Microorganisms in Endophthalmitis and Keratitis
Authors: Patel Nimesh A. , Miller Darlene , Relhan Nidhi , Alfonso Eduardo C. , Flynn Harry W. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate an application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the rapid identification of bacterial and fungal pathogens causing endophthalmitis and keratitis and compare time to detection with other laboratory methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Culture-positive isolates obtained from vitreous and corneal samples were tested. Organisms tested were
Staphylococcus aureus,
coagulase-negative staphylococci,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, C. glabrata
, and
C. parapsilosis
. Inoculi were prepared to a final concentration between 1 × 10
2
colony-forming units (CFU)/mL to 1 × 10
8
CFU/mL. Samples were hybridized with peptide nucleic acid probes for pathogens using the QuickFISH protocol (AdvanDx; OpGen, Gaithersburg, MD), and the slides were read with fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTS:

Of the 29 total isolates tested, 28 yielded positive identification.
S. aureus
was identified in four out of five vitreous samples, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified in all vitreous samples. Mixed staphylococci culture was identified in all samples.
P. aeruginosa
was identified in all six keratitis samples.
C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis,
and mixed fungal culture were identified respectively in eight of eight samples at minimal concentration of 1 × 10
4
CFU/mL. There were no false-negatives. Time to detection was 20 minutes after the 12- to 18-hour inoculation period and provided an identification 6 hours sooner than by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 1 to 2 days sooner than by routine culture.

CONCLUSIONS:
This small study demonstrates the sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi using FISH probes in isolates from endophthalmitis and keratitis samples. This method decreases time to identification and reduces labor intensity compared with routine PCR and culture methods.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:S9–S12.]
Foveal Avascular Zone Distortion in Epiretinal Membrane by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , Amador Manuel , Meshi Amit , Nudleman Eric , Lin Tiezhu , Freeman William R. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To show the morphologic changes on the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to demonstrate the correlation between distortion of FAZ and features of the ERM.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
FAZ eccentricity index (longest diameter of FAZ/shortest diameter of FAZ) was measured in 52 patients with ERM and compared with 27 healthy subjects' values. The density of the ERM was quantified using a grading scale (0–3) on multicolor scanning laser images, and spectral-domain OCT characteristics of the eyes were assessed.

RESULTS:

Of the 52 eyes with ERM, 31 eyes (59.61%) showed some foveal remodeling, including full (13.46%) or partial (30.76%) apparent vascularization of FAZ, presence of a vessel crossing the fovea (9.61%), and horizontal or vertical elongation of FAZ (5.76%). The mean FAZ eccentricity index was 0.84 ± 0.46 (range: 0.0–1.86) in eyes with ERM and 0.98 ± 0.07 (range: 0.96–1.02) in the control subjects, respectively (
P
= .02). There was a negative significant correlation between FAZ eccentricity index and central macular thickness (
P
= .04).

CONCLUSIONS:
Thickening of the central fovea leads to foveal remodeling in ERM eyes, and OCTA enables the visualization of architectural FAZ changes.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:295–301.]
Effectiveness of Pacing as a Learned Strategy for People With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guy Lauren , McKinstry Carol , Bruce Chris 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Importance: Pacing is a key pain management strategy used by occupational therapy practitioners when working with people with chronic pain. However, there is a paucity of evidence and a lack of consensus regarding the effectiveness of pacing as a pain management strategy for people with chronic pain.
Objective: To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of pacing as a learned strategy for people with chronic pain.
Data Sources: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to undertake a systematic review. Six databases were searched in March 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Combinations of keywords and MeSH terms were used as search terms.
Study Selection and Data Collection: We sought intervention studies that included participants using pacing as a strategy. Studies were assessed for eligibility on the basis of predetermined criteria. Of the 2,820 articles located, 7 RCTs met inclusion criteria.
Findings: Pacing does not reduce the severity of pain or alter psychological traits; however, it can assist in lessening joint stiffness and the interference of fatigue and in decreasing the variability of physical activity.
Conclusions and Relevance: Current evidence supports the delivery of a learned pacing intervention to reduce the interference of fatigue, reduce joint stiffness, and decrease physical activity variability but does not support the use of learned pacing to reduce pain severity. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of pacing as a pain management strategy within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains of activity and participation.
What This Article Adds: This systematic review examines existing research on pacing as a learned intervention strategy. The findings will support the clinical reasoning of occupational therapy practitioners, to determine when a learned pacing strategy is indicated, and considerations for how it may be delivered.
Energy Scenarios and Justice Towards Future Humans
Authors: Melin Anders , Kronlid David 
Published: May 2019

Energy production and consumption give rise to issues of justice for future humans. By analysing a specific case – Swedish energy politics – this article contributes to the discussion of how consideration for future humans should affect energy policy making. It outlines three different energy scenarios for the period 2035-2065 – the nuclear-renewables, the renewables-low and the renewables-high scenarios – and assesses them from the point of view of justice for future individuals by using the capabilities approach as a normative framework. We cannot make a definitive assessment of the different scenarios due to the great uncertainties involved in determining the impacts on individuals living between 2035 and 2065 and individuals born thereafter, but we still conclude that we have certain reasons to prefer the renewables-low scenario since it avoids certain risks connected with the other scenarios. The economic growth in this scenario is lower than in the others, but we question whether this is a disadvantage from the point of view of the capabilities approach.
Keywords: energy scenarios, justice, future generations, capabilities approach
Clinical and Clinicopathological Features in Dogs with Uncomplicated Spontaneous Hyperadrenocorticism Diagnosed in Primary Care Practice (2013–2014)
Authors: Bennaim Michael , Centola Steven , Ramsey Ian , Seth Mayank 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to report clinical and clinicopathological abnormalities in canine spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and assess the relationship between patient size and those findings. A questionnaire was made available to primary care veterinarians to gather information on cases diagnosed with canine spontaneous HAC. Inclusion criteria were an adrenocorticotropic stimulation test and/or low-dose dexamethasone suppression test consistent with HAC. Exclusion criteria included concurrent systemic diseases, any clinical sign (CS) not typically associated with HAC, a urinary corticoid:creatinine ratio within reference interval, administration of steroids during the 3 mo before diagnosis, treatment with any drug causing CSs of HAC, and ongoing treatment for canine spontaneous HAC. Sixty-two cases were identified. The prevalences of various CSs were similar to those historically reported. No association between the patient weight and CSs was identified. The platelet count was negatively correlated to the weight (P = .005, r 2 = 0.3). Alanine aminotransferase (P = .016, r 2 = 0.17) and alkaline phosphatase (P = .05, r 2 = 0.0014) activities were positively correlated to the CS ratio. In this group of dogs, CSs were not significantly different between dogs ≤20 kg and dogs &gt;20 kg. The prevalences of various clinical findings appeared to be similar to those historically reported. Dogs with more CSs tended to have higher alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities.
Outcome and Prognostic Indicators for Hemangiopericytomas in Dogs: 167 Cases (2009–2016)
Authors: Kravitz Ariel , Davis Garrett , Bastian Richard P. , Fittipaldi Kelsey 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
This retrospective study evaluated the postoperative outcome and clinical parameters associated with prognosis in 167 client-owned dogs with 167 hemangiopericytomas. Parameters that were reviewed for an association with long-term outcome included signalment, clinical history, results of staging tests, tumor and surgical variables, and administration of adjunctive therapy. History of previous surgery, type of surgery performed, status of surgical margins, tumor location, and whether adjunctive therapy was performed were associated with tumor recurrence. The distal forelimb was the most common location reported overall (46/167 [27.5%]). Dogs with tumors located at the tail/perineum had the fastest recurrence rate, with a median disease-free interval of ∼16 mo (505 days). Tumor grade alone was not associated with recurrence (P = .069), but when analyzing tumor grade and margin, low-grade tumors with dirty margins had a significantly shorter time to recurrence than low-grade tumors with either clean or narrow margins. Tumor location should be considered when assessing the treatment plan and follow-up recommendations for any hemangiopericytomas. Aggressive initial surgical treatment is recommended when possible to reduce the chance of local tumor recurrence.
Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis and Characterization of Dermoid Sinuses in Two Dogs
Authors: Jones Susan , Adin Christopher , Thompson Elizabeth , Robertson Ian , Rivas Rudy 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
A 6 mo old male castrated bloodhound–Rhodesian ridgeback mix (case 1) presented for a mass suspected to be a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region, and a 2.5 yr old male castrated Rhodesian ridgeback (case 2) presented for a mass suspected to be a dorsal cervical dermoid sinus. Both dogs underwent single-phase contrast computed tomography (CT) to characterize the extent of the dermoid sinus prior to surgical excision. Soft tissue and bony abnormalities of the vertebral spine associated with the dermoid sinuses were confirmed in both dogs prior to surgery, demonstrating communication with the dura of the spinal cord. Surgical exploration and excision of the dermoid sinus was performed in each dog, including partial laminectomy. Both cases had resolution of the sinus and an uncomplicated recovery. These cases show that single-phase contrast CT was accurate in characterizing the extent of the dermoid sinus without adjunctive tests or more invasive diagnostics. Single-phase contrast CT should be considered as a preoperative method to characterize the extent of dermoid sinuses, avoiding the risks associated with myelography or fistulography and the expense of MRI. This is also the first report of a dermoid sinus in the thoracolumbar region and the first in a bloodhound and Rhodesian ridgeback mix.
Care transition to skilled nursing facility – A model and a case study
Authors: Tanniru Mohan , Jones Jacqueline , Kazziha Samer , Hornberger Michelle 
Published: May 2019

Background: Healthcare providers have focused on improving patient care transitions to reduce unanticipated readmission costs, improve patient care quality post-discharge and increase patient satisfaction. This is especially true in US since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act. While there are several practices and evidence-based programs discussed in the literature to address care transition post-discharge, the key challenge remains the same – how to structure the care transition program to influence its effectiveness. In this paper, we focus on modeling one particular care transition – moving a patient from a hospital to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) – and discuss how improved capacity building and use of intermediaries such as advanced nurse practitioners have shown promise in reducing patient readmissions.Method: The methodology proposed here uses service dominant (SD) logic research to inductively derive a model for service exchanges between the two provider ecosystems. This model is then used to analyze service gaps and look for opportunities to innovate within an SNF and improve its capacity to deliver care. Use of intermediation that expands the service model with the addition of more care providers besides the hospital and SNF is also discussed to reduce patient readmissions. Results: The study demonstrates that a number of actors have to work collaboratively to make care transition effective in meeting the patient and provider goals. Specifically, when two care facilities, hospital and SNF, are involved in care transition, opportunities exist to improve their internal capacity to address care within and across facilities. Conclusion: The paper makes two important contributions. It shows the role of SD Logic in identifying opportunities for service innovations in support of care transition, and it shows the role of actors in provider-customer ecosystems to make the transition effective.
Een tweelingstudie naar indicatoren van genetische en culturele transmissie
Authors: van der Laan Camiel , van de Weijer Steve , Nivard Michel , Boomsma Dorret 
Published: May 2019

A twin study into indicators of cultural and genetic transmission
In the present study, the role of genetic and cultural transmission in intergenerational continuity of rule-breaking behavior (RBB) was investigated. Based on the resemblance within 3,982 Dutch twin pairs, aged 13 to 17 years, the relative importance of genetic (G), shared environmental (C), and unique environmental (E) influences on RBB was estimated. Cultural transmission, the process of passing on knowledge, norms and values, can lead to similarities within families, and forms part of the shared environment of children growing up in the same family. The authors found no evidence for shared environmental influences, and consequently no indication of a role for cultural transmission. Genetic influences explained 60 percent of the variance in rule-breaking behavior at age 13 to 17, implying that intergenerational continuity at this age is mainly driven by genetic transmission.
Needle Biopsy Adequacy in the Era of Precision Medicine and Value-Based Health Care
Authors: Pritzker Kenneth P. H. , Nieminen Heikki J. 
Published: May 2019

Context.—Needle biopsy of diseased tissue is an essential diagnostic tool that is becoming even more important as precision medicine develops. However, the capability of this modality to efficiently provide samples adequate for diagnostic and prognostic analysis remains quite limited relative to current diagnostic needs. For physicians and patients, inadequate biopsy frequently leads to diagnostic delay, procedure duplication, or insufficient information about tumor biology leading to delay in treatment; for health systems, this results in substantial incremental costs and inefficient use of scarce specialized diagnostic resources.Objective.—To review current needle biopsy technology, devices, and practice with a perspective to identify current limitations and opportunities for improvement in the context of advancing precision medicine.Data Sources.—PubMed searches of fine-needle aspiration and core needle biopsy devices and similar technologies were made generally, by tissue site, and by adequacy as well as by health economics of these technologies.Conclusions.—Needle biopsy adequacy can be improved by recognizing the importance of this diagnostic tool by promoting common criteria for needle biopsy adequacy; by optimizing needle biopsy procedural technique, technologies, clinical practice, professional education, and quality assurance; and by bundling biopsy procedure costs with downstream diagnostic modalities to provide better accountability and incentives to improve the diagnostic process.