bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechano-synthesized orange TiO2 shows significant photocatalysis under visible light
Authors: Saitow Ken-ichi , Wang Yufeng , Takahashi Shintaro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNitrogen and carbon co-doped TiO2 particles with a brilliant yellow-orange color were produced mechanochemically by high-energy ball milling as one-pot synthesis. This facile synthesis required only grinding TiO2 with melamine at room temperature. Using monochoromatic lights with the same intensity in visible and UV, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 particles was accurately evaluated with respect to the degradation of an aqueous dye (methylene blue) solution. The activities under visible light (450 and 500 nm) were, respectively, 4 and 2 times higher than that of the unmilled TiO2 under UV light (377 nm), corresponding to 9 and 5 times higher than the UV under the solar light condition. The properties and structure of the co-doped TiO2 particles before and after milling were analyzed using eight experimental methods. As a result, it was found that the nitrogen replaced as an oxygen site in milled TiO2 has the highest concertation (2.3%) in the past studies and the structure of milled TiO2 is composed of a polymorphism of four different solid phases of TiO2, gives significant higher photocatalytic activity at visible light than that of UV light. A good repeatability of the photocatalyst was investigated by the number of cycles for the decomposition reaction of the aquesous dye solution.
Plasma androgen receptor and serum chromogranin A in advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Conteduca Vincenza , Scarpi Emanuela , Salvi Samanta , Casadio Valentina , Lolli Cristian , Gurioli Giorgia , Schepisi Giuseppe , Wetterskog Daniel , Farolfi Alberto , Menna Cecilia , De Lisi Delia , Burgio Salvatore Luca , Beltran Himisha , Attard Gerhardt , De Giorgi Ugo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently, mixed forms between adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) have emerged that are characterized by persistent androgen receptor (AR)-signalling and elevated chromogranin A (CgA) levels. The main aim of this study was to analyze castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide, assessing progression-free/overall survival (PFS/OS) in association with circulating AR and CgA. AR aberrations were analyzed by droplet digital PCR in pre-treatment plasma samples collected from two biomarker protocols [197 patients from a retrospective study (REC 2192/2013) and 59 from a prospective trial (REC 6798/2015)]. We subdivided patients into three groups according to CgA by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In the primary cohort, plasma AR gain and mutations (p.L702H/p.T878A) were detected in 78 (39.6%) and 16 (8.1%) patients, respectively. We observed a significantly worse PFS/OS in patients with higher-CgA than in patients with normal-CgA, especially those with no AR-aberrations. Multivariable analysis showed AR gain, higher-CgA and LDH levels as independent predictors of PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.50–3.12, p < 0.0001, HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.06–2.84, p = 0.026, and HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.45–3.13, p = 0.0001, respectively) and OS (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.15–2.57, p = 0.008, HR = 3.63, 95% CI 2.13–6.20, p < 0.0001, and HR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.54–3.48, p < 0.0001, respectively). These data were confirmed in the secondary cohort. Pre-treatment CgA detection could be useful to identify these mixed tumors and would seem to have a prognostic role, especially in AR-normal patients. This association needs further evaluation in larger prospective cohorts.
Towards high-bandwidth organic photodetection based on pure active layer polarization
Authors: Reissig Louisa , Dalgleish Simon , Awaga Kunio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrganic photodetectors offer distinct advantages over their inorganic analogues, most notably through optical transparency and flexibility, yet their figures-of-merit still lag behind those of inorganic devices, and optimization strategies generally encounter a trade-off between device responsivity and bandwidth. Here we propose a novel photodetector architecture in which an organic photoactive semiconductor layer (S) is sandwiched between two thick insulating layers (I) that separate the semiconductor from the metallic contacts (M). In this architecture a differential photocurrent response is generated purely from the polarization of the active layer under illumination. Especially for an asymmetric MISIM design, where one insulating layer is a high-k ionic liquid IIL and the other a low-k polymer dielectric Ip, the responsivity/bandwidth trade-off is broken, since the role of the IIL in efficient charge separation is maintained, while the total device capacitance is reduced according to Ip. Thus the benefits of single insulating layer differential photodetectors (MISM) using either IIL or Ip are combined in a single device. Further improvements in device performance are also demonstrated by decreasing the series resistance of the photoactive layer through semiconductor:metal blending and by operation under strong background light.
Left ventricular outflow obstruction predicts increase in systolic pressure gradients and blood residence time after transcatheter mitral valve replacement
Authors: De Vecchi Adelaide , Marlevi David , Nordsletten David A. , Ntalas Ioannis , Leipsic Jonathon , Bapat Vinayak , Rajani Ronak , Niederer Steven A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLeft ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is a relatively common consequence of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). Although LVOT obstruction is associated with heart failure and adverse remodelling, its effects upon left ventricular hemodynamics remain poorly characterised. This study uses validated computational models to identify the LVOT obstruction degree that causes significant changes in ventricular hemodynamics after TMVR. Seven TMVR patients underwent personalised flow simulations based on pre-procedural imaging data. Different virtual valve configurations were simulated in each case, for a total of 32 simulations, and the resulting obstruction degree was correlated with pressure gradients and flow residence times. These simulations identified a threshold LVOT obstruction degree of 35%, beyond which significant deterioration of systolic function was observed. The mean increase from baseline (pre-TMVR) in the peak systolic pressure gradient rose from 5.7% to 30.1% above this threshold value. The average blood volume staying inside the ventricle for more than two cycles also increased from 4.4% to 57.5% for obstruction degrees above 35%, while the flow entering and leaving the ventricle within one cycle decreased by 13.9%. These results demonstrate the unique ability of modelling to predict the hemodynamic consequences of TMVR and to assist in the clinical decision-making process.
Matured Hop-Derived Bitter Components in Beer Improve Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Through Activation of the Vagus Nerve
Authors: Ayabe Tatsuhiro , Ohya Rena , Taniguchi Yoshimasa , Shindo Kazutoshi , Kondo Keiji , Ano Yasuhisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImproving and maintaining memory function is effective in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. Previously, we demonstrated that iso-α-acids, the hop-derived bitter components in beer, prevent cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model. In this report, we investigated the effects of matured hop bitter acids (MHBA) containing components of oxides derived from α- and β-acids, and structurally similar to iso-α-acids, on cognitive function using behavioral pharmacological procedures. MHBA and the representative components of MHBA, 4′-hydroxyallohumulinone (HAH) and 4′-hydroxy-cis-alloisohumulone (HAIH) improved spatial working memory in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice. MHBA also enhanced episodic memory in the novel object recognition test (NORT). The administration of MHBA increased the amount of norepinephrine (NE) and NE release into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in hippocampus. The MHBA activity in improving memory function was attenuated by treatment with a β-adrenergic receptor inhibitor. In addition, vagotomized mice did not display the memory improvement induced by MHBA. Together, our results suggest that MHBA improves memory function via stimulation of the vagus nerve and enhancement of NE release in the hippocampus. Vagus nerve activation by the intake of food materials including MHBA may be a safe and effective approach for improving cognitive function.
Early Post-Transplant Torquetenovirus Viremia Predicts Cytomegalovirus Reactivations In Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Maggi Fabrizio , Focosi Daniele , Statzu Maura , Bianco Gabriele , Costa Cristina , Macera Lisa , Spezia Pietro Giorgio , Medici Chiara , Albert Eliseo , Navarro David , Scagnolari Carolina , Pistello Mauro , Cavallo Rossana , Antonelli Guido 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonitoring the human virome has been recently suggested as a promising and novel area of research for identifying new biomarkers which would help physicians in the management of transplant patients. Imbalance of the immune system in transplant recipients has a significant impact on replication of Torquetenovirus (TTV), the most representative and abundant virus of human virome. TTV kinetic was studied by real-time PCR in 280 liver or kidney transplant recipients who underwent different drug regimens to maintain immunosuppression. During one-year post-transplant follow-up, TTV viremia fluctuated irrespective of transplanted organ type but consistent with the immunosuppression regimen. TTV kinetic in patients who manifested cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation within the first four months post-transplant differed from that observed in patients who did not experience CMV complications. Importantly, plasma TTV load measured between day 0 and 10 post-transplant was significantly higher in CMV DNA positive than in CMV DNA negative patients. TTV viremia above 3.45 log DNA copies/ml within the first 10 days post-transplant correlates with higher propensity to CMV reactivation following transplantation. This study provides further evidence for using early post-transplant TTV viremia to predict CMV reactivation in liver or kidney transplant recipients.
Src kinase phosphorylates Notch1 to inhibit MAML binding
Authors: LaFoya Bryce , Munroe Jordan A. , Pu Xinzhu , Albig Allan R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNotch signaling is a form of intercellular communication which plays pivotal roles at various stages in development and disease. Previous findings have hinted that integrins and extracellular matrix may regulate Notch signaling, although a mechanistic basis for this interaction had not been identified. Here, we reveal that the regulation of Notch by integrins and extracellular matrix is carried out by Src family kinases (SFKs) working downstream of integrins. We identify a physical interaction between the SFK member, c-Src, and the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) that is enhanced by β3 integrin and the integrin binding ECM protein, MAGP2. Our results demonstrate that c-Src directly phosphorylates the NICD at specific tyrosine residues and that mutation of these phosphorylation sites increases Notch responsive transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we also find that phosphorylation of the NICD by SFKs attenuates Notch mediated transcription by decreasing recruitment of MAML to the Notch co-transcriptional complex. Finally, we also find that SFK activity decreases NICD half-life. Collectively, our results provide important mechanistic data that underlie the emerging role of Notch as a general sensor and responder to extracellular signals.
Cheetahs discriminate familiar and unfamiliar human voices
Authors: Leroux Maël , Hetem Robyn Shelia , Hausberger Martine , Lemasson Alban 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDomestic species can make the distinction between several human sub-groups, especially between familiar and unfamiliar persons. The Domestication hypothesis assumes that such advanced cognitive skills were driven by domestication itself. However, such capacities have been shown in wild species as well, highlighting the potential role of early experience and proximity with humans. Nevertheless, few studies have been focusing on the use of acoustic cues in wild species and more comparative studies are necessary to better understand this ability. Cheetah is a vocal, semi-social species, often hand raised when captive, making it therefore a good candidate for studying the ability to perceive differences in human voices. In this study, we used playback experiments to investigate whether cheetahs are able to distinguish between the voices of their familiar caretakers and visitors. We found that cheetahs showed a higher visual attention, changed activity more often and faster when the voice was familiar than when it was unfamiliar. This study is the first evidence that wild felids are able to discriminate human voices and could support the idea that early experience and proximity to humans are at least as important as domestication when it comes to the ability to recognize humans.
Predicting Tumor Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Robert Beaulah Mary , Dakshinamoorthy Muralidharan , Ganapathyagraharam Ramamoorthy Brindha , Dhandapani Muthu , Thangaiyan Radhiga , Muthusamy Ganesan , Nirmal R. Madhavan , Prasad Nagarajan Rajendra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients respond poorly to chemotherapy. We analyzed the expression of 11 drug response-related genes in 31 OSCC biopsies, collected prior to any treatment, using custom-designed PCR array. Further, we investigated the drug response pattern of selected anticancer drugs by BH3 (Bcl2 Homology-3) profiling in the primary cells isolated from OSCC tissues. Then, we correlated the results of drug-response gene expression pattern with apoptotic priming to predict tumor response to chemotherapy. The best performing drug (BPD) and response differences (RD) between the drugs were identified using statistical methods to select the best choice of drug in a personalized manner. Based on the correlation, we classified OSCC tumors as sensitive (13 tumors), moderately responsive (16 tumors) or resistant (2 tumors) to chemotherapy. We found that up-regulation of genes linked with drug resistance facilitates survival of tumor samples, which was revealed by the percentage of apoptotic priming. Moreover, we found that paclitaxel-induced 40–45% apoptotic priming compared to other drugs. Average response difference (RD) analysis showed that 80% of tumors responded well to paclitaxel as compared to other drugs studied. Therefore, gene expression analysis with BH3 profiling reveals drug sensitivity that could be translated for drug selection before treatment.
SWEET-Cat updated
Authors: Sousa S. G. , Adibekyan V. , Delgado-Mena E. , Santos N. C. , Andreasen D. T. , Ferreira A. C. S. , Tsantaki M. , Barros S. C. C. , Demangeon O. , Israelian G. , Faria J. P. , Figueira P. , Mortier A. , Brandão I. , Montalto M. , Rojas-Ayala B. , Santerne A. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Exoplanets have now been proven to be very common. The number of its detections continues to grow following the development of better instruments and missions. One key step for the understanding of these worlds is their characterization, which mostly depend on their host stars.
Aims. We perform a significant update of the Stars With ExoplanETs CATalog (SWEET-Cat), a unique compilation of precise stellar parameters for planet-host stars provided for the exoplanet community.
Methods. We made use of high-resolution spectra for planet-host stars, either observed by our team or found in several public archives. The new spectroscopic parameters were derived for the spectra following the same homogeneous process (ARES+MOOG). The host star parameters were then merged together with the planet properties listed in exoplanet.eu to perform simple data analysis.
Results. We present new spectroscopic homogeneous parameters for 106 planet-host stars. Sixty-three planet hosts are also reviewed with new parameters. We also show that there is a good agreement between stellar parameters derived for the same star but using spectra obtained from different spectrographs. The planet-metallicity correlation is reviewed showing that the metallicity distribution of stars hosting low-mass planets (below 30 M⊕) is indistinguishable from that from the solar neighborhood sample in terms of metallicity distribution.
Relationships between quantized algebras and their semiclassical limits
Authors: Oh Sei-Qwon 
Published: October 2018

A Poisson ℂ-algebra R appears in classical mechanical system and its quantized algebra appearing in quantum mechanical system is a ℂ[[ħ]]-algebra Q = R[[ħ]] with star product * such that for any a,b Є R ⊆ Q, a*b = ab + B1(a,b)ħ + B2(a,b)ħ2 + … subject to {a,b}= ħ-1(a * b ‒ b * a)|ħ=0, … (**) where Bi : R ⨯ R → R are bilinear products. The given Poisson algebra R is recovered from its quantized algebra Q by R = Q/ħQ with Poisson bracket (**), which is called its semiclassical limit. But it seems that the star product in Q is complicate and that Q is difficult to understand at an algebraic point of view since it is too big. For instance, if λ is a nonzero element of ℂ then ħ - λ is a unit in Q and thus a so-called deformation of R, Q/(ħ - λ)Q, is trivial. Hence it seems that we need an appropriate 픽-subalgebra A of Q such that A contains all generators of Q, ħ є A and A is understandable at an algebraic point of view, where 픽 is a subring of C[[ħ]].
Here we discuss how to find nontrivial deformations from quantized algebras and the natural map in [6] from a class of infinite deformations onto its semiclassical limit. The results are illustrated by examples.
Mechanisms performance and pressure dependence of hydrogen/air burner-stabilized flames
Authors: Bykov V. , Gubernov V.V. , Maas U. 
Published: October 2018

The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen combustion is the most investigated combustion system. This is due to extreme importance of the mechanism for combustion processes, i.e. it is present as a sub-mechanism in all mechanisms for hydrocarbon combustion systems. Therefore, detailed aspects of hydrogen flames are still under active investigations, e.g. under elevated pressure, under conditions of different heat losses intensities and local equivalence ratios etc. For this purpose, the burner stabilized flame configuration is an efficient tool to study different aspects of chemical kinetics by varying the stand-off distance, pressure, temperature of the burner and mixture compositions.
In the present work, a flat porous plug burner flame configuration is revisited. A hydrogen/air combustion system is considered with detailed molecular transport including thermo-diffusion and with 8 different chemical reaction mechanisms. Detailed numerical investigations are performed to single out the role of chemical kinetics on the loss of stability and on the dynamics of the flame oscillations. As a main outcome, it was found/demonstrated that the results of critical values, e.g. critical mass flow rate, weighted frequency of oscillations and blow-off velocity, with increasing the pressure scatter almost randomly. Thus, these parameters can be considered as independent and can be used to improve and to validate the mechanisms of chemical kinetics for the unsteady dynamics.
Zum Stand der Multimorbidität im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Schüle Klaus 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungChronische Erkrankungen werden zukünftig mehr und mehr unser Gesundheitssystem beherrschen und auch finanziell belasten. Mit der „Überalterung“ der Gesellschaft werden parallel auch mehrere Erkrankungen gleichzeitig bei einer Person auftreten (Multimorbidität). Gehäuft treten damit auch Begleiterkrankungen (Komorbiditäten) der Grunderkrankungen auf. Diese werden noch „gefördert“ durch z. T. wenig oder nicht bekannte Neben- und Wechselwirkungen bei der Einnahme einer Vielzahl von Medikamenten (Polypharmakokinetik).Bisher gibt es nur vereinzelt Gesamtkonzepte, dafür umso mehr Schnittstellenprobleme zur Therapie, Rehabilitation und Nachsorge von multimorbiden Patienten / Rehabilitanden. Auch sind die meisten Leitlinien lediglich auf Grunderkrankungen und nicht auf die zunehmende Zahl multimorbid Erkrankter ausgerichtet.Zur Lösung einiger der angesprochenen Probleme sind interdisziplinäre Teams mit „flacher“ Hierarchie und indikationsübergreifende Einrichtungen unabkömmlich. Auf weitere Empfehlungen des ärztlichen Sachverständigenrats der BAR wird eingegangen.Die bekannten WHO-Empfehlungen zum wöchentlichen Bewegungsumfang gelten bisher auch für multimorbide Patienten. Auf spezielle Gesamtkonzepte wird noch gewartet. MM erfordert auch eine indikationsübergreifende Bewegungstherapie. Hier besteht noch erheblicher Forschungsbedarf. Oberste Ziele sind der Erhalt der Mobilität und Teilhabe an und in der Gesellschaft.
Medical Ethics Education for Neurology Residents: Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Traner Christopher , Tolchin Dorothy , Tolchin Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeurologists regularly confront complex clinical scenarios that require the application of ethical principles to achieve a respectful and fair resolution. In this article, we describe the types of ethically precarious scenarios neurologists encounter, the current status of standards for ethics and communication training for neurology residents, and the present practice of ethics training in neurology residency programs. We make recommendations for optimizing bioethics training for neurology residents and suggest methods for assessing the efficacy of these training initiatives. We emphasize the current need for strengthening the practical bioethics skills of neurologists.
Neuropalliative Care: A Practical Guide for the Neurologist
Authors: Brizzi K. , Creutzfeldt C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeuropalliative care is a new and growing field within neurology that focuses on improving the quality of life of patients with serious neurologic illnesses. While specialty-level palliative care training is available to interested neurologists, all neurologists can strive to provide primary palliative care for their patients. In this review, we will describe the scope of neuropalliative care, define patient populations who may benefit from palliative care, and explore the communication and symptom management skills essential to palliative care delivery.
Single-molecule DNA-mapping and whole-genome sequencing of individual cells
Authors: Marie Rodolphe , Pedersen Jonas N. , Bærlocher Loic , Koprowska Kamila , Pødenphant Marie , Sabatel Céline , Zalkovskij Maksim , Mironov Andrej , Bilenberg Brian , Ashley Neil , Flyvbjerg Henrik , Bodmer Walter F. , Kristensen Anders , Mir Kalim U. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
We report optical mapping of DNA from a single cell. Notably, we demonstrate isolation of single cells, DNA extraction, and optical mapping, all within a single integrated micro-/nanofluidic device. Single-cell optical mapping is less complex than sequencing, which we performed after whole-genome amplification of DNA extracted from a single cell isolated on-chip. In some cases, optical mapping was more efficient than sequencing at detecting structural variation. As single-cell analysis can address genomic heterogeneity within a tumor, it may prove useful for the selection of cancer therapies. Thus, optical mapping of the long-range features of single-cell genomes and sequencing of the short-range features may become complementary tools for the analysis of tumors.