bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using satellite AIS to improve our understanding of shipping and fill gaps in ocean observation data to support marine spatial planning
Authors: Metcalfe Kristian , Bréheret Nathalie , Chauvet Eva , Collins Tim , Curran Bryan K. , Parnell Richard J. , Turner Rachel A. , Witt Matthew J. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

A key stage underpinning marine spatial planning (MSP) involves mapping the spatial distribution of ecological processes and biological features as well the social and economic interests of different user groups. One sector, merchant shipping (vessels that transport cargo or passengers), however, is often poorly represented in MSP due to a perceived lack of fine‐scale spatially explicit data to support decision‐making processes.

Here, using the Republic of Congo as an example, we show how publicly accessible satellite‐derived automatic identification system (S‐AIS) data can address gaps in ocean observation data for shipping at a national scale. We also demonstrate how fine‐scale (0.05 km2 resolution) spatial data layers derived from S‐AIS (intensity, occupancy) can be used to generate maps of vessel pressure to provide an indication of patterns of impact on the marine environment and potential for conflict with other ocean user‐groups.

We reveal that passenger vessels, offshore service vessels, bulk carrier and cargo vessels and tankers account for 93.7% of all vessels and vessel traffic annually, and that these sectors operate in a combined area equivalent to 92% of Congo's exclusive economic zone—far exceeding the areas allocated for other user groups (conservation, fisheries and petrochemicals). We also show that the shallow coastal waters and habitats of the continental shelf are subject to more persistent pressure associated with shipping, and that the potential for conflict among user groups is likely to be greater with fisheries, whose zones are subject to the highest vessel pressure scores than with conservation or petrochemical sectors.

Synthesis and applications. Shipping dominates ocean use, and so excluding this sector from decision‐making could lead to increased conflict among user groups, poor compliance and negative environmental impacts. This study demonstrates how satellite‐derived Automatic Identification System data can provide a comprehensive mechanism to fill gaps in ocean observation data and visualise patterns of vessel behaviour and potential threats to better support marine spatial planning at national scales.
Assessment of voice, speech and communication changes associated with cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Johansson Kerstin , Seiger Åke , Forsén Malin , Holmgren Nilsson Jeanette , Hartelius Lena , Schalling Ellika 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory muscle impairment following cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) may lead to reduced voice function, although the individual variation is large. Voice problems in this population may not always receive attention since individuals with CSCI face other, more acute and life‐threatening issues that need/receive attention. Currently there is no consensus on the tasks suitable to identify the specific voice impairments and functional voice changes experienced by individuals with CSCI.AimsTo examine which voice/speech tasks identify the specific voice and communication changes associated with CSCI, habitual and maximum speech performance of a group with CSCI was compared with that of a healthy control group (CG), and the findings were related to respiratory function and to self‐reported voice problems.Methods & ProceduresRespiratory, aerodynamic, acoustic and self‐reported voice data from 19 individuals (nine women and 10 men, aged 23–59 years, heights = 153–192 cm) with CSCI (levels C3–C7) were compared with data from a CG consisting of 19 carefully matched non‐injured people (nine women and 10 men, aged 19–59 years, heights = 152–187 cm).Outcomes & ResultsDespite considerable variability of performance, highly significant differences between the group with CSCI and the CG were found in maximum phonation time, maximum duration of breath phrases, maximum sound pressure level and maximum voice area in voice‐range profiles (all p = .000). Subglottal pressure was lower and phonatory stability was reduced in some of the individuals with CSCI, but differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Six of 19 had voice handicap index (VHI) scores above 20 (the cut‐off for voice disorder). Individuals with a vital capacity below 50% of the expected for an equivalent reference individual performed significantly worse than participants with more normal vital capacity. Completeness and level of injury seemed to impact vocal function in some individuals.Conclusions & ImplicationsA combination of maximum performance speech tasks, respiratory tasks and self‐reported information on voice problems help to identify individuals with reduced voice function following CSCI. Early identification of individuals with voice changes post‐CSCI, and introducing appropriate rehabilitation strategies, may help to minimize development of maladaptive voice behaviours such as vocal strain, which can lead to further impairments and limitations to communication participation.
Exploring Value‐Based Management Sophistication: The Role of Potential Economic Benefits and Institutional Influence
Authors: Firk Sebastian , Schmidt Torben , Wolff Michael 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe complexity of value‐based management (VBM) is often not captured in empirical research. In particular, potential differences in the extent of VBM implementation are not considered. Firms are predominantly classified dichotomously into either VBM “adopters” or “non‐adopters.” In this study, we aim to fill this gap by introducing a framework to assess differences in the extent of VBM implementation (VBM‐sophistication) based on publicly available data. This approach enables us to study determinants of VBM‐sophistication based on a hand‐collected data set comprising 2,683 firm‐year observations from 16 European countries between 2005 and 2014. Specifically, we investigate (i) whether potential economic benefits associated with VBM implementation lead to a higher level of VBM‐sophistication, and (ii) if this relation is influenced by extra‐organizational institutions (e.g., industry norms). Our results indicate that companies exhibit higher VBM‐sophistication if certain firm characteristics that increase the potential economic benefits of VBM are present. Moreover, our study provides evidence that this effect is enhanced by extra‐organizational institutions that pressure and support firms in realizing the potential benefits of higher VBM‐sophistication.
Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of inotropic agent for patients with acute circulatory failure
Authors: Møller M. H. , Granholm A. , Junttila E. , Haney M. , Oscarsson‐Tibblin A. , Haavind A. , Laake J. H. , Wilkman E. , Sverrisson K. Ö. , Perner A. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAdult critically ill patients often suffer from acute circulatory failure and those with low cardiac output may be treated with inotropic agents. The aim of this Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine guideline was to present patient‐important treatment recommendations on this topic.MethodsThis guideline was developed according to GRADE. We assessed the following subpopulations of patients with shock: (1) shock in general, (2) septic shock, (3) cardiogenic shock, (4) hypovolemic shock, (5) shock after cardiac surgery, and (6) other types of shock, including vasodilatory shock. We assessed patient‐important outcome measures, including mortality and serious adverse reactions.ResultsFor all patients, we suggest against the routine use of any inotropic agent, including dobutamine, as compared to placebo/no treatment (very low quality of evidence). For patients with shock in general, and in those with septic and other types of shock, we suggest using dobutamine rather than levosimendan or epinephrine (very low quality of evidence). For patients with cardiogenic shock and in those with shock after cardiac surgery, we suggest using dobutamine rather than milrinone (very low quality of evidence). For the other clinical questions, we refrained from giving any recommendations or suggestions.ConclusionsWe suggest against the routine use of any inotropic agent in adult patients with shock. If used, we suggest using dobutamine rather than other inotropic agents for the majority of patients, however, the quality of evidence was very low, implying high uncertainty on the balance between the benefits and harms of inotropic agents.
Mental Health–related Emergency Department Visits Associated With Cannabis in Colorado
Authors: Hall Katelyn E. , Monte Andrew A. , Chang Tae , Fox Jacob , Brevik Cody , Vigil Daniel I. , Van Dyke Mike , James Katherine A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundCannabis legalization in Colorado resulted in increased cannabis‐associated health care utilization. Our objective was to examine cooccurrence of cannabis and mental health diagnostic coding in Colorado emergency department (ED) discharges and replicate the study in a subpopulation of ED visits where cannabis involvement and psychiatric diagnosis were confirmed through medical review.MethodsWe collected statewide ED International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses from the Colorado Hospital Association and a subpopulation of ED visits from a large, academic hospital from 2012 to 2014. Diagnosis codes identified visits associated with mental health and cannabis. Codes for mental health conditions and cannabis were confirmed by manual records review in the academic hospital subpopulation. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of mental health ED discharges were calculated to compare cannabis‐associated visits to those without cannabis. Rates of mental health and cannabis‐associated ED discharges were examined over time.ResultsStatewide data demonstrated a fivefold higher prevalence of mental health diagnoses in cannabis‐associated ED visits (PR = 5.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.27–5.43) compared to visits without cannabis. The hospital subpopulation supported this finding with a fourfold higher prevalence of psychiatric complaints in cannabis attributable ED visits (PR = 4.87, 95% CI = 4.36–5.44) compared to visits not attributable to cannabis. Statewide rates of ED visits associated with both cannabis and mental health significantly increased from 2012 to 2014 from 224.5 to 268.4 per 100,000 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn Colorado, the prevalence of mental health conditions in ED visits with cannabis‐associated diagnostic codes is higher than in those without cannabis. There is a need for further research determining if these findings are truly attributed to cannabis or merely coincident with concurrent increased use and availability.
Stress augments the rewarding memory of cocaine via the activation of brainstem‐reward circuitry
Authors: Shinohara Fumiya , Asaoka Yuta , Kamii Hironori , Minami Masabumi , Kaneda Katsuyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEffects of stress on the reward system are well established in the literature. Although previous studies have revealed that stress can reinstate extinguished addictive behaviors related to cocaine, the effects of stress on the rewarding memory of cocaine are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence that stress potentiates the expression of rewarding memory of cocaine via the activation of brainstem‐reward circuitry using a cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm combined with restraint stress in rats. The rats exposed to 30‐minute restraint stress immediately before posttest exhibited significantly larger CPP scores compared with non‐stressed rats. Intra‐laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) microinjection of a β or α2 adrenoceptor antagonist attenuated the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine CPP. Consistent with this observation, intra‐LDT microinjection of a β or α2 adrenoceptor agonist before posttest increased cocaine CPP. Additionally, intra‐ventral tegmental area (VTA) microinjection of antagonists for the muscarinic acetylcholine, nicotinic acetylcholine or glutamate receptors attenuated the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine CPP. Finally, intra‐medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) microinjection of a D1 receptor antagonist also reduced the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine CPP. These findings suggest a mechanism wherein the LDT is activated by noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus, leading to the activation of VTA dopamine neurons via both cholinergic and glutamatergic transmission and the subsequent excitation of the mPFC to enhance the memory of cocaine‐induced reward value.
Ticks on snakes: The ecological correlates of ectoparasite infection in free‐ranging snakes in tropical Australia
Authors: Natusch Daniel J. D. , Lyons Jessica A. , Dubey Sylvain , Shine Richard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParasites profoundly influence the lives of their hosts, yet the dynamics of host–parasite interactions are poorly understood – especially in reptiles. We examined the ecological correlates of parasitism by ixodid ticks in an assemblage of 10 snake species in tropical Australia. In total, we recorded 3803 ticks on 1841 individual snakes of six species (no ticks were found on the other species). Molecular analyses confirmed the tropical reptile tick (Amblyomma fimbriatum: Ixodidae) to be the most common snake tick at our study site, with inter‐ and intraspecific variation in tick prevalence and intensity. Tick attachment sites were random on most snake species, but both male and female ticks congregated on the heads of the colubrid snake Boiga irregularis and the python Simalia amethistina. In these same species, tick loads were higher on snakes captured in woodland than in rainforest. Females of two python species (Aspidites melanocephalus and S. amethistina) had higher tick loads than did males. In B. irregularis, individuals captured in the dry season had higher tick loads than those captured in the wet season. In most parasitized snake species, larger individuals had greater tick loads. Data from snake recaptures confirmed individual tick burdens frequently varied, with little correlation between tick loads on the same snake at successive captures (except for B. irregularis). Finally, tick intensity was not correlated with (and thus, presumably did not influence) the body condition of any snake species in our study. Use of specific types of refuge sites may strongly influence tick loads on snakes in this system.
Factors influencing decision‐making processes for unwell residents in residential aged care: Hospital transfer or Residential InReach referral?
Authors: Amadoru Sanka , Rayner Jo‐Anne , Joseph Rajni , Yates Paul 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate decision‐making around hospital transfer and/or referral of residents to a Residential InReach (RiR) service in north‐eastern metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, from the perspectives of residential aged care facility (RACF) staff, general practitioners (GPs) and RiR registered nurses (RNs).MethodsThirty‐one staff from eight RACFs, five GPs and four RiR RNs participated in individual or group interviews.ResultsResidential aged care facility staff and GPs valued and relied upon RiR to manage unwell residents. Thematic analysis identified RiR utilisation was driven by the following: (i) complexity of decision‐making processes in RACFs; (ii) variability in facility‐based medical and nursing care; and (iii) impact of RiR service outcomes on patients and referrers.ConclusionAvailability of timely and appropriate medical and nursing care in RACFs was reported to influence transfers to the hospital and/or referrals to RiR. RiR was used to complement or substitute usual care available to residents. Further research and improvements in RACF and RiR resources are required.
Semen quality associated with subsequent hospitalizations – Can the effect be explained by socio‐economic status and lifestyle factors?
Authors: Latif T. , Lindahl‐Jacobsen R. , Mehlsen J. , Eisenberg M. L. , Holmboe S. A. , Pors K. , Brinth L. , Skouby S. O. , Jørgensen N. , Jensen T. K. 
Published: February 2018

SummarySemen quality is suggested to be a universal biomarker for future health. Previous studies have mostly been registry based excluding the possibility to address the importance of lifestyle, fertility status, health and socio‐economic status. We aimed to investigate whether the association between semen quality and subsequent risk of hospitalization could be explained by differences in occupation, education, fertility, cryptorchidism, BMI or smoking; 1423 men with first semen sample at Fertility Clinic, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, from 1977 to 2010 responded to a questionnaire in 2012 about current health, lifestyle, educational level and occupation. They were followed in the Danish National Patient Registry to first‐time hospitalizations using ICD‐8 and ICD‐10 classification. Data were analysed by Cox proportional hazard regression models to adjust for the possible confounding factors. We found a significant higher risk of being hospitalized with decreasing sperm concentrations (0–15 mill/mL: HR1.78, 95% CI:1.51–2.09; 16–50 mill/mL: HR 1.37 95% CI: 1.17–1.60; 51–100 mill/mL: HR1.25 95% CI: 1.07–1.45). Same significant association of being hospitalized with decreasing total sperm counts was seen. The dose–response increase in risk in hospitalization with decreasing sperm concentration and total sperm count remained constant after further individual adjustment for occupation, marital status, fertility, cryptorchidism, BMI or smoking. The association between semen quality and subsequent morbidity was not explained by differences in lifestyle, behavioural or fertility status. We were unable to adjust for all possible confounders simultaneously due to limited sample size, and reverse causation is a possible explanation as information about education and lifestyle was obtained after semen analysis and hospitalizations occurred and may have changed as consequence of both. Semen quality may be a universal biomarker for future health not explained by lifestyle and socio‐economic status, but this needs to be addressed further in future studies.
Neoliberalisation from the Ground Up: Insurgent Capital, Regional Struggle, and the Assetisation of Land
Authors: Ward Callum , Swyngedouw Erik 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper we argue that “assetisation” has been a central axis through which both neoliberalisation and financialisation have encroached in the post‐Fordist era. We focus on the mobilisation of land as a financial asset in northwest England's former industrial heartlands, offering an account of how property developer the Peel Group came to dominate the land and port infrastructure of the region through aggressive debt‐led expansion and, in particular, a hostile takeover of the Manchester Ship Canal for its land‐bank. In doing so, we illustrate how the capture of resources, especially land, by private corporations has shaped both substance and process of neoliberalisation from the ground up. By focusing on transformative struggles over land we contribute to research agendas attempting to understand the systemically dispossessive nature of assetisation, its relationship to fictitious capital formation, and the way such neoliberalising transformations are produced through grounded and situated socio‐spatial struggles.
Risk factors for cesarean delivery and adverse neonatal outcome in twin pregnancies attempting vaginal delivery
Authors: Schachter‐Safrai Natali , Karavani Gilad , Haj‐Yahya Rani , Ofek Shlomai Noa , Porat Shay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionTwin vaginal delivery presents a unique clinical challenge for obstetricians. The Twin Birth Study demonstrated the safety of planned vaginal delivery regarding neonatal outcomes. However, that study lacked a description of the risk factors associated with and the outcome of unplanned cesarean section. The aim of this study is to identify potential risk factors for cesarean section and delivery related neonatal morbidity and mortality in women with twin pregnancy attempting vaginal delivery.Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study including 1070 women with twin pregnancy that underwent a trial of labor between 2003 and 2015. The study population was divided according to the mode of delivery: vaginal delivery, combined vaginal‐cesarean and intrapartum cesarean delivery of both twins. Several risk factors and neonatal outcomes were examined by both univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe rate of vaginal delivery of both twins was 88.3%, whereas the rates of combined vaginal cesarean and unplanned cesarean delivery were 4.6% and 7.1%, respectively. Nulliparity and nonvertex presentation of twin B were found to be independently associated with cesarean delivery for both twins. Additionally, nonvertex presentation of twin B was independently associated with combined vaginal‐cesarean delivery. The proportion of neonates with Apgar score <7 at 5 min was increased for both twins in the combined vaginal‐cesarean group compared with those delivered by the vaginal route alone.ConclusionNulliparity and nonvertex presentation of twin B were found to be associated with intrapartum cesarean delivery in twin pregnancies.