bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bitcoin: Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Nurhisam Luqman 
Published: September 2018

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>In Indonesia, <em>bitcoin</em> is a form of digital currency (<em>e-money</em>) and means of payment transactions that have been used by some communities. It is necessary to get attention, especially from Bank Indonesia. Other than that, the supervision that was once fully done by the central bank of Bank Indonesia, is now taken over by OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). Thus, Bank Indonesia only has the authority to regulate and control the circulation of currency only. Since some of the tasks and authorities of Bank Indonesia were taken over by OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan), many things have not been covered, such as the new phenomenon in the field of finance in terms of capital, investment, currency circulation, and others. In addition there is no legal umbrella against <em>bitcoin</em>, which is increasingly widespread transaction using <em>bitcoin</em> done in <em>e-commerce</em> transactions. So in terms of security also need to be questioned, therefore there needs to be regulation and supervision specifically against <em>bitcoin</em>, and society will not feel harmed. When viewed in the perspective of Islamic law, that relating to the issuance of money as a means of transactions in a country, is a matter protected by general rules in Islamic law. Therefore, the issuance of money and the determination of the amount is matters relating to the benefit of the people. Another aspect to consider in the use of <em>bitcoin</em> is whether from the side of <em>madharat</em> is greater or benefits taken if used as currency and tool transactions, even as a commodity though. So the focus in this research is the use of <em>bitcoin</em> as currency and transaction tool by using approach and study of Islamic law.</p>
pH-sensitive microfiltration membrane prepared from polyethersulfone grafted with poly(itaconic acid) synthesized by simultaneous irradiation in homogeneous phase
Authors: Fan Kai , Zhou Guoqing , Zhang Jinjin , Yang Haijun , Hu Jun , Hou Zhengchi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Poly(itaconic acid) (PIA) was grafted onto polyethersulfone (PES) by homogeneously phased γ-ray irradiation. Kinetic polymerization observed was studied by analyzing the effect of irradiation dosages and monomer concentrations. Then, a pH-sensitive microfiltration (MF) membrane was prepared from these PES-g-PIA polymers with different degrees of grafting under phase inversion method. Finally, the contact angles, morphologies, pore sizes, deionized water permeability and filtration performance for aqueous polyethylene glycols solution of the MF membranes were studied. The results show that grafting PIA groups onto PES molecular chains endowed the MF membranes with effective pH-sensitive properties.
Stormwater management in nutrient-sensitive watersheds: a case study investigating impervious cover limits and pollutant-load regulations
Authors: Stillwell Charles C. , Hunt William F. , Page Jonathan L. , Baird Joshua B. , Kennedy Shawn G. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of this research project was to compare two stormwater management strategies within a nutrient-sensitive watershed: impervious cover limits versus pollutant-load regulations. A case study was conducted in the nutrient-sensitive Falls Lake watershed in North Carolina, USA, where a commercial fitness complex was constructed in a zone previously restricted to low-density housing. The Falls Lake watershed has a stormwater regulation that limits total nitrogen and total phosphorus export loads to 2.47 kg/ha/yr and 0.37 kg/ha/yr, respectively. Hydrology and water quality were monitored pre- and post-development to quantify changes to stormwater volumes, pollutant concentrations, and annual export loading rates. On-site stormwater control measures (SCMs) reduced nutrient export loading rates below the regulatory standard. However, increased stormwater volumes and nutrient export loading rates were observed from pervious surfaces that were disturbed during construction (total nitrogen increased from 2.06 to 4.24 kg/ha/yr, total phosphorus increased from 0.41 to 0.73 kg/ha/yr). Results from this case study suggest that (1) impervious cover limits do not adequately account for a parcel's nutrient export loads and (2) SCMs that reduce volume and treat pollutants can reduce nutrient export loads below regulatory levels in the Falls Lake watershed.
Comprehensive assessment of system performance in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor combined with the ozonation process
Authors: Wang Dan , Wu Yihui , Guo Fang , Li Zhiping , Wu Guangxue 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The system performance, economic cost and environmental impact of a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic/membrane bioreactor (3AMBR) combined with the ozonation process were evaluated. The 3AMBR/ozonation process removed biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, NH4-N and total phosphorus efficiently, with removal percentages above 94%, while the total nitrogen removal percentage was only 70%. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a significant effect on nitrogen removal. A low HRT benefited nitrogen removal. Ferrous sulfate dosage close to the optimal value and a high mixed liquid suspended solid could enhance the phosphorus removal. The electricity cost accounted for 88% of the total economic costs. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the BOD oxidation and endogenous decay accounted for more than 50% of total emissions. The second largest GHG emission source was electricity consumption, accounting for 41%. The key to reduce the eutrophication was to enhance nitrogen removal. The composite cost of the 3AMBR/ozonation process was 251 CNY/t CODeq removed, among which economic cost accounted for 82.5%, while environmental impact cost accounted for a small proportion.
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Intestinal Flora in MafA-deficient Mice
Authors: Li Luyao , Xu Shiyao , Guo Tingting , Gong Shouliang , Zhang Chuan 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal microflora in MafA-deficient mice
using an animal model of diabetes.

Methods:
Male MafA-deficient mice were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/d) intragastrically for 6 weeks.
Mouse body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids were
measured by gas chromatography. A series of methods was used to analyse the number of primary harmful bacteria
in the faeces, and high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the changes in intestinal flora.

Results:
The weight of the mice decreased after dapagliflozin gavage, and fasting blood glucose was significantly
lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Acetic acid and butyric acid contents in the intestinal tracts of the
mice increased, and the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae,
and intestinal enterococci, was inhibited. Blautia is a species found in the experimental group and
was significantly different from the control and blank groups as determined by the LDA score from highthroughput
sequencing.

Conclusion:
Dapagliflozin can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase short-chain fatty
acid content, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of the body and promote blood glucose and energy
homeostasis.
Protein Secondary Structure Determination (PSSD): A New and Simple Approach
Authors: Panja Anindya Sundar , Bandopadhyay Bidyut , Nag Akash , Maiti Smarajit 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Our present investigation was conducted to explore the computational algorithm
for the protein secondary structure prediction as per the property of evolutionary transient and
large number (each 50) of homologous mesophilic-thermophilic proteins.
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Objectives: These mesophilic-thermophilic proteins were used for numerical measurement of helix-sheetcoil
and turn tendency for which each amino-acid residue is screened to build up the propensity-table.

Methods:
In the current study, two different propensity windows have been introduced that allowed
predicting the secondary structure of protein more than 80% accuracy.

Results:
Using this propensity matrix and dynamic algorithm-based programme, a significant and decisive
outcome in the determination of protein (both thermophilic and mesophilic) secondary structure
was noticed over the previous algorithm based programme. It was demonstrated after comparison with
other standard methods including DSSP adopted by PDB with the help of multiple comparisons
ANOVA and Dunnett’s t-test.

Conclusion:
The PSSD is of great importance in the prediction of structural features of any unknown,
unresolved proteins. It is also useful in the studies of proteins structure-function relationship.
Unusual Cerebral Involvement of Rheumatoid Arthritis Mimicking a Tumor
Authors: Tokdemir Sevil , Toprak Huseyin , Alkan Alpay 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The central nervous system’s involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
is infrequent and can be life-threatening. Mass-like CNS involvement is an unusual presentation. A
45 year old man had suffered seropositive rheumatoid arthritis for five years referred to our hospital
with one-week history of right-sided facial paralysis, left hemiparesis and headache.

Discussion:
MRI demonstrated hyperintense mass-like lesion extended from mesencephalon to
right hippocampus and basal ganglia on T2 and FLAIR images. On DWI, restricted diffusion was
not present. After contrast administration, minimal contrast enhancement was noted. After
methotrexate and steroid treatment, the size had been markedly shrunken on the follow-up images.
The clinical symptoms were also improved.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, the mass-like presentation was not reported in the literature. We
report an unusual case of brain involvement of rheumatoid arthritis mimicked tumor
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates as Potential α-glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Khan Momin , Khan Sehrish , Ul Mulk Amir , Ur Rahman Anis , Wadood Abdul , Shams Sulaiman , Ashraf Muhammad , Rahman Jameel , Khan Iltaf , Hameed Abdul , Hussain Zahid , Khan Abbas , Zaman Khair , Khan Khalid M. , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: September 2018

Background:Barbituric acid derivatives are a versatile group of compounds which are identified as potential pharmacophores for the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. They are also used as anesthetics and have sound effects on the motor and sensory functions. Barbiturates are malonylurea derivatives with a variety of substituents at C-5 position showing resemblance with nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds like thiouracil which exhibited potent anticancer and antiviral activities. Recently, barbituric acid derivatives have also received great interest for applications in nanoscience.Objective:Synthesis of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates, biological evaluation as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors and molecular modeling.Methods:In the present study, N,N-Diethylthiobarbituric acid derivatives were synthesized by refluxing of N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid and different aromatic aldehydes in distilled water. In a typical reaction; a mixture of N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid 0.20 g (1 mmol) and 5-bromo-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde 0.199 g (1 mmol) mixed in 10 mL distilled water and reflux for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the corresponding product 1 was filtered and dried and yield calculated. It was crystallized from ethanol. The structures of synthesized compounds 1-25 were carried out by using 1H, 13C NMR, EI spectroscopy and CHN analysis used for the determination of their structures. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed as given by Chapdelaine et al., with slight modifications and optimization.Results:Our newly synthesized compounds showed a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibition and at least four of them were found as potent inhibitors. Compounds 6, 5, 17, 11 exhibited IC50 values (Mean±SEM) of 0.0006 ± 0.0002, 18.91 ± 0.005, 19.18 ± 0.002, 36.91 ± 0.003 µM, respectively, as compared to standard acarbose (IC50, 38.25 ± 0.12 µM).Conclusion:Our present study has shown that compounds 6, 5, 17, 11 exhibited IC50 values of 0.0006 ± 0.0002, 18.91 ± 0.005, 19.18 ± 0.002, 36.91 ± 0.003 µM, respectively. The studies were supported by in silico data analysis.
Synthesis and In vitro/In vivo Characterization of Raloxifene Grafted Poly(Styrene Maleic Acid)-Poly(Amide-Ether-Ester-Imide) Micelles for Targeted Delivery of Docetaxel in G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Breast Cancer
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Enteshari Saeedeh , Hassanzadeh Farshid , Hashemi-Beni Batool , Minaiyan Mohsen , Sadeghian-Rizi Sedighe 
Published: September 2018

Background:
To reduce the nonspecifically distribution of chemotherapeutic agents throughout the whole
body, which causes severe toxicity in normal tissues, targeting them towards a receptor overexpressed on tumor
tissue, is a promising method for cancer therapy.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was development of novel copolymeric micelles of raloxifene targeted
Styrene Maleic Acid-Poly Amide Ether Ester Imide-Poly Ethylene Glycol (SMA-PAEEI-PEG-RA) and loading them
with Docetaxel (DTX).

Methods:
Successful synthesis of the targeted copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and C-NMR spectroscopy. The
micelles physicochemical properties like morphology, particle size, poly dispersity index, zeta potential, drug
loading, release, stability, in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake were analyzed. The in vivo antitumor activity of
DTX-loaded micelles were assessed and compared with free DTX and non-targeted micelles in breast cancer bearing
Balb-c mice.

Results:
Particle sizes, zeta potentials and the encapsulation efficiency of the drug in targeted micelles were 115.9-
142.8 nm, -4.9 to -12.9 mV, and 54.1-67.8%, respectively. Cell toxicity tests showed that IC50 of DTX-loaded SMAPAEEI-
PEG-RA micelles increased five-fold as compared with free DTX. Survival rate of the mice improved more
effectively than free DTX so that, the percentage of increase in lifespan (ILS%) and the tumor inhibition ratio (TIR)
changed from 41.66% and 51.19% in free drug to 83.33% and 78.57% in the targeted micelles, respectively.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the raloxifene conjugated PEG-derived micelles may provide a novel and effective delivery
system for DTX in breast cancer.
Computational Studies in Drug Design Against Cancer
Authors: De Baishakhi , Bhandari Koushik , Mendonça Francisco J.B. , Scotti Marcus T. , Scotti Luciana 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The application of in silico tools in the development of anti cancer drugs.

Objective:
The summing of different computer aided drug design approaches that have been applied in the development
of anti cancer drugs.

Methods:
Structure based, ligand based, hybrid protein-ligand pharmacophore methods, Homology modeling,
molecular docking aids in different steps of drug discovery pipeline with considerable saving in time and expenditure.
In silico tools also find applications in the domain of cancer drug development.

Results:
Structure-based pharmacophore modeling aided in the identification of PUMA inhibitors, structure
based approach with high throughput screening for the development of Bcl-2 inhibitors, to derive the most relevant
protein-protein interactions, anti mitotic agents; I-Kappa-B Kinase β (IKK- β) inhibitor, screening of new
class of aromatase inhibitors that can be important targets in cancer therapy.

Conclusion:
Application of computational methods in the design of anti cancer drugs was found to be effective.
Implementasi Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa (Studi Kasus Desa Rawa Burung, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten)
Authors: Firmansyah Amrie 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study aims to determine the implementation of village financial management covering the phases of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative and using data research technique with an in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Rawa Burung Village is used in this study because it has a location close to DKI Jakarta Province which is expected to have competent s in village financial management. Informants in this research are village government officers who understand the village financial management cycles.
The results of this study concluded that the village financial management, in general, has been conducted accountably and transparently in accordance with the applicable rules. However, the implementation of village financial management is dominated by the head of the village government section, not the village treasurer who is supposed to the village finance management functions. This is due to the lack of standard operating procedures for village financial management, clear job description, and qualification of job competence. The low salaries in the village administration resulted in the reluctance of people to work in the village government. In addition, Rawa Burung Village does not have officers with an educational background in accounting.
Keywords: village financial management, accountable, transparent
Potensi Daya Tolak Ekstrak Daun Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Marini Marini , Ni’mah Tanwirotun , Mahdalena Vivin , Komariah Rahayu Hasti , Sitorus Hotnida 
Published: September 2018

Aedes aegypti is vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever (DHF) which still considered as important health problem in Indonesia. The marigold (T. erecta L.) is a well known plant in the community and widely used as traditional medicines and repellent mosquitoes plant. This study aims to assess the repellency effect of ethanol extract of marigold leaves againts Ae. aegypti. The marigold were obtained from the farmers’ garden in Kerinjing Village, Pagaralam, Sumatera Selatan Province. The extraction process was carried out in Pharmaceutical Laboratory and Genetics Laboratory Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sriwijaya University in June 2016. Maceration process used solvent ethanol 70%. The repellency test was done in Entomology Laboratory of Loka Litbang P2B2 Baturaja in August to October 2016. The repellent was made with mixture of cleansing milk as diluent with concentration of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%. The method of repellent test was referred to WHOPES 2009 with modification. The phytochemical test showed that marigold leaves extract had compound of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin. The repellency test showed that the lotion of marigold leaves extract was ineffective as repellent againts Ae. aegypti with complete protection up to more than 90% after two hours aplication at concentration 30%.
The Estimation ofAggregate Consumption Function for High Income Countries
Authors: Ahmed Manzoor , Baloch Akhtar , Khan Khalid , Memon Manzoor Hussain 
Published: September 2018

<span>Aggregate Real Private Consumption (ARPC) is one of the major components of the Gross <span>Domestic Product (GDP)that contributes to specify any economy’s long term living standards. The <span>contribution of ARPC stands on an average around 55%. It is therefore important to understand the <span>components of the consumption which is almost more than half of the aggregate economic expenditure. <span>The study is an attempt to make a case for developing countries to bring policy level changes in order to <span>determine the consumption pattern of developing countries’ GDP. Using appropriate empirical model the <span>study investigates the validity of Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) and Absolute Income Hypothesis <span>(AIH)on ARPC for selected developed economies. The results of the study reveals that the important <span>determinants of ARPC in the long-run are real GDP and wealth, while in the short-run they are real <span>interest rate and unemployment rate.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>
Survival Analysis of Tumor using 7 Tesla MRI
Authors: Burney S.M. Syed Aqil , Khan Adnan Alam , Iftikhar Asim 
Published: September 2018

<span>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI7) is a very powerful imaging technique for the assessment of stroke <span>aetiology (Condition) and brain imaging. Another class of MRI is ultrahigh frequency based MRI using 7 <span>Tesla is now developed by seamen’s for better imaging in humans. This study examines these MRI. This<br /><span>article highlights an alternative approach, denoted “interval monitoring,” whose aims is related with more <span>timely detection of tumor cancer changes. The conceptual background and the computational realization <span>of the proposed method are outlined, and its application is illustrated by an empirical example from the <span>image-based photo science, cancer registry of America. Monitoring of cancer patient survival is the first <span>step of its cure so across the globe practice routinely employed by many cancer registries, which is an <span>essential component for its cure. However, changes in prognosis over time are disclosed with<br /><span>considerable delay, with traditional methods of monitoring cumulative survival. Our study took sequence <span>of MRI images, GMPLS function locate the cancer after filtering and skeletonization. This study saves <span>time and difference for calculation of cancer equation. This study uses statistical technique to get the <span>desired matrix, further its inverse provides us real time mathematical equation which is unique for each <span>patient. Further survivor analysis is employed to achieve the break or death of subject. The Aim of this <span>research is to provide unique mathematical model of a cancer patient, provides real time graph about<br /><span>cancer health and survivor function depicts the death of subject respectively.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span>
Effects of CO 2 Emission on Health & Environment: Evidence from fuel ssources in Pakistani Industry
Authors: Abdullah Fahad Bin 
Published: September 2018

<span>Climate change, resulting from an increasing concentration of Gases (CO<span>2<span>, SO<span>2 <span>and NO<span>2<span>) in the <span>atmosphere caused by the use of fossil fuels in the industry, is now an established phenomenon and its <span>effects on health have been observed in most parts of the world including Pakistan. The environmental <span>concerns of Pakistan are associated with the adverse impact of expansion in population, change in the <span>living norms of individuals, modern advancement and construction of house schemes, increment in <span>transportation, no public awareness of environmental related education, mismanagement of natural <span>resources, widely unplanned urban and industrial expansions are the core hard issues. Studies of air and <span>water have revealed an alarming air quality especially in most urban and industrial areas and also serious <span>deterioration of surface and ground water quality was identified. The reason for this degradation is <span>emission of CO<span>2 <span>from the industrial sector. This investigation is to identify the contribution in fuel<br /><span>sources like solid, liquid and gas in the industries with overall emission of CO<span>2 <span>in the atmosphere and its<br /><span>impact on human health</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>