bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALMA [C i]3P1–3P0 Observations of NGC 6240: A Puzzling Molecular Outflow, and the Role of Outflows in the Global αCO Factor of (U)LIRGs
Authors: Cicone Claudia , Severgnini Paola , Papadopoulos Padelis P. , Maiolino Roberto , Feruglio Chiara , Treister Ezequiel , Privon George C. , Zhang Zhi-yu , Ceca Roberto Della , Fiore Fabrizio , Schawinski Kevin , Wagg Jeff 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) and compact array (ACA) [C i]

([C i](1–0)) observations of NGC 6240, which we combine with ALMA CO(2–1) and IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer CO(1–0) data to study the physical properties of the massive molecular (H2) outflow. We discover that the receding and approaching sides of the H2 outflow, aligned east–west, exceed 10 kpc in their total extent. High resolution (

) [C i](1–0) line images surprisingly reveal that the outflow emission peaks between the two active galactic nuclei (AGNs), rather than on either of the two, and that it dominates the velocity field in this nuclear region. We combine the [C i](1–0) and CO(1–0) data to constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (

) in the outflow, which is on average

. We estimate that 60 ± 20% of the total H2 gas reservoir of NGC 6240 is entrained in the outflow, for a resulting mass-loss rate of

SFR. These energetics rule out a solely star formation-driven wind, but the puzzling morphology challenges a classic radiative-mode AGN feedback scenario. For the quiescent gas, we compute

, which is at least twice the value commonly employed for (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). We observe a tentative trend of increasing

ratios with velocity dispersion and measure r
21 > 1 in the outflow, whereas r
21 ≃ 1 in the quiescent gas. We propose that molecular outflows are the location of the warmer, strongly unbound phase that partially reduces the opacity of the CO lines in (U)LIRGs, hence driving down their global

and increasing their r
21 values.
Period Analysis of Seven Field ab-type RR Lyrae Stars Based on O − C Diagrams: Cyclic Variations and Long-term Period Changes
Authors: Li L.-J. , Qian S.-B. , Zhu L.-Y. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using the times of light maximum collected from the GEOS RR Lyrae database and determined from sky surveys, we utilize the O − C method to study the period variations of seven field ab-type RR Lyrae stars. The time coverage of data for most stars is more than 100 years, allowing us to investigate period changes over a large time span. We find that the O − C diagrams for most stars can be described by a combination of cyclic variations and long-term period changes. Assuming the former were caused by the light-travel-time effect, the pulsation and orbital parameters are obtained by the nonlinear fitting. We find that the orbital periods in our sample range from 33 to 78 years, and the eccentricities are relatively higher than the results for other candidates (e > 0.6). The minimal masses of the potential companions of XX And, BK Dra, and RY Psc are less than one solar mass, and those of SV Eri, AR Her, and RU Scl are 3.3, 2.1, and 3.4 M
⊙, respectively. Moreover, we suggest that the companion of AR Her may be a blue straggler that experienced mass transfer or a merger of two stars. The O − C diagram for ST Vir also shows distinct long-term period decrease, and in the O − C residuals, additional quasi-periodic variations that can be described by damped oscillation are found. Combining the data from the literature and our analysis, we plot the log P–A

O−C
diagram. The distribution of our binary candidates suggests that their period variations are not caused by the Blazhko effect.
No Strong Geometric Beaming in the Ultraluminous Neutron Star Binary NGC 300 ULX-1 (SN 2010da) from Swift and Gemini
Authors: Binder B. , Levesque E. M. , Dorn-Wallenstein T. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We have obtained near-simultaneous Swift/XRT imaging and Gemini GMOS spectroscopy for the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 300 ULX-1 (formerly designated SN 2010da). The observed X-ray emission is consistent with an inhomogeneous wind that partially obscures a central, bright inner accretion disk. We simultaneously fit eleven 0.3–10 keV spectra obtained over a ∼1 year time period (2016 April to 2017 July) using the same partial covering model and find that although the covering fraction varies significantly (from 78% to consistent with 0%), the unabsorbed luminosity remains essentially constant across all observations ((2–6) × 1039 erg s−1). A relatively high 0.3–10 keV fractional variability amplitude (F
var) of ∼30% is observed in all 11 observations. Optical spectra from Gemini exhibit numerous emission lines (e.g., Hα, Hβ, He ii
λ4686), which suggest that the neutron star primary is photoionizing material in the immediate vicinity of the binary. We compare the He ii
λ4686 line luminosity (∼(7–9) × 1035 erg s−1) to the contemporaneous soft X-ray emission and find the X-ray emission is broadly consistent with the observed He ii line luminosity. The combination of our X-ray observations and optical spectroscopy suggest that geometric beaming effects in the ULX-1 system are minimal, making ULX-1 one of only a few bona fide ULXs to be powered by accretion onto a neutron star.
A Diagnostic of Coronal Elemental Behavior during the Inverse FIP Effect in Solar Flares
Authors: Brooks David H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The solar corona shows a distinctive pattern of elemental abundances that is different from that of the photosphere. Low first ionization potential (FIP) elements are enhanced by factors of several. A similar effect is seen in the atmospheres of some solar-like stars, while late-type M stars show an inverse FIP effect. This inverse effect was recently detected on the Sun during solar flares, potentially allowing a very detailed look at the spatial and temporal behavior that is not possible from stellar observations. A key question for interpreting these measurements is whether both effects act solely on low-FIP elements (a true inverse effect predicted by some models), or whether the inverse FIP effect arises because high-FIP elements are enhanced. Here we develop a new diagnostic that can discriminate between the two scenarios, based on modeling of the radiated power loss, and apply the models to a numerical hydrodynamic simulation of coronal loop cooling. We show that when low-/high-FIP elements are depleted/enhanced, there is a significant difference in the cooling lifetime of loops that is greatest at lower temperatures. We apply this diagnostic to a post X1.8 flare loop arcade and inverse FIP region, and show that for this event, low-FIP elements are depleted. We discuss the results in the context of stellar observations, and models of the FIP and inverse FIP effect. We also provide the radiated power-loss functions for the two inverse FIP effect scenarios in machine readable form to facilitate further modeling.
Evaluation of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation and relationship with agronomic traits in selected spring wheat cultivars in northwestern Montana, United States of America
Authors: Echegaray Erik R. , Barbour Christopher R. , Talbert Luther , Stougaard Robert N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a serious pest of spring wheat in North America. Currently, most commercial cultivars in the state of Montana, United States of America are susceptible. A study was conducted to assess the variability of adapted spring wheat cultivars to wheat midge infestations. A secondary objective was to determine the relationship between wheat midge infestation levels and spring wheat agronomic traits, including yield, test weight, grain protein, plant height, and heading date. This relationship was determined by evaluating 16 hard red spring wheat cultivars over a six-year period at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center, near Kalispell, Montana. Levels of infestation had a negative impact on grain yield and test weight. Overall, the average infestation level was 40 larvae/spike with the lowest being observed with “Reeder” and the highest for “Thatcher”. Concurrently, “Reeder” had the highest yield, whereas “Thatcher” had the lowest yield and the highest grain protein, demonstrating that wheat midge infestations were positively associated with grain protein. Heading date had a positive association with midge density with higher infestations associated with later maturing cultivars. The economic injury level was estimated at 12 and 20 midge larvae/spike for a market price of USD $0.27 and USD $0.16/kg, respectively.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Outreach to the Scholarly Community on the National Broadband Research Agenda: Overview of the Workshop
Authors: Jayakar Krishna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This essay is an introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Information Policy (JIP) on the workshop titled “Broadband Research in a Changing World” that met at the American University Washington College of Law, on September 10, 2017. It provides an overview of the multistage process that resulted in the September 10 workshop, introduces the two articles included in the special issue, and summarizes the views and opinions of workshop participants on the means of further stimulating and carrying forward a national dialog on broadband research.
A Comparative Analysis of Selected National and Regional Investment Initiatives That Seek to Achieve Broadband Expansion by Deploying NGA Networks
Authors: Beltrán Fernando , Van der Wee Marlies , Verbruggen Sofie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Expectations about higher economic growth and the ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth are driving the worldwide deployment of Next-Generation Access (NGA) networks. The paths followed to achieve this goal markedly vary, however, across different countries. This article offers a comparison of a handful of leading NGA deployments that rely on different investment models. We study the broadband national initiatives of New Zealand and Australia and a group of selected regional NGA deployments in Europe. While New Zealand's approach partially relies on a public–private partnership model of investment, Australia's National Broadband Network is a wholly government-funded initiative and the European local initiatives in Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands, and Portugal use a range of mixed models of investment. We use a common technology–policy–market framework that allows for a clear mapping of the incentives, goals, and actions of those involved in network deployment. Our main interest is the identification of the drivers for investment as well as the description of main risk factors in each case. By applying this framework to those selected deployment cases our work draws relevant conclusions about the impact of investment decisions on performance criteria such as coverage and uptake.
The impact of facility ownership on nurses’ and care workers’ perceptions of missed care in Australian residential aged care
Authors: Henderson Julie , Blackman Ian , Willis Eileen , Gibson Terri , Price Kay , Toffoli Luisa , Bonner Rob , Hurley Jennifer , Currie Trish 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Australian government has reduced restrictions on ownership of residential aged care facilities (RACF) as part of aged care reform enabling the growth of private‐for‐profit ownership. This study explores the impact of private‐for‐profit ownership through comparison of perceptions of the volume of missed care in government, private‐not‐profit and for‐profit RACF in Australia. Data were collected through development and administration of a MISSCARE survey to 3,206 nurses and personal care workers (PCW) working in RACF and hospitals providing aged care services. Employees working within government owned facilities reported levels of missed care that are significantly lower than privately owned facilities on six activities: moving patients who cannot walk; assisting residents’ toileting within 5 min of request; assisting resident mouth care; assessing skin integrity; answering call bells within 5 min and wound care. Staffing levels were identified as the most common reason for missed care across all settings. Of the 27 factors identified as causing missed care, government employees reported significantly lower scores for 16 items. Further research is needed on the impact of facility ownership upon capacity of nurses and personal care workers to deliver care.
Racial disparities in outcomes for high‐grade uterine cancer: A California cancer registry study
Authors: Baskovic Mana , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Nguyen Trung , Karam Amer , English Diana P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy. We examined factors affecting overall prognosis and survival among different racial groups diagnosed with high‐grade EC.MethodsWe utilized the California Cancer Registry database (CCR) to identify women with high‐grade II EC from 1998 to 2009. Using the Kaplan‐Meier method, we described disease‐specific survival. Survival by stage, race, and time to treatment category was compared using the log‐rank test. The associations of race with disease‐specific survival were modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Covariates were selected a priori.ResultsA total of 10 647 patients met study eligibility criteria. The majority of patients in this cohort of high‐grade EC were non‐Hispanic (NH) white (64.1%), followed by Hispanic (15.7%), Asian (10.4%), and NH black (9.8%). NH black women had higher incidence of certain aggressive histologic subtypes in comparison with NH whites, including serous carcinomas and carcinosarcoma.Non‐Hispanic black patients had a worse 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) when compared to other racial groups. The five‐year DSS for NH black women was 54% (51%‐57%), compared to NH white women 66% (65%‐67%), Hispanic 67% (64%‐69%), and Asians 69% (67%‐72%) (P < 0.0001). This clear survival disadvantage of NH black women persisted when controlling for other factors.ConclusionsNon‐Hispanic black women have a higher incidence of more aggressive histologic subtypes even among a cohort of women high‐grade EC and have a disproportionately worse disease‐specific survival after controlling for factors such as age, histologic subtype, stage, time to treatment, and type of treatment.
Coupled Production of Steel and Chemicals
Authors: Bender Michael , Roussiere Thomas , Schelling Heiner , Schuster Sabine , Schwab Ekkehard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWithin Carbon2Chem® the presented subproject focused on oxymethylene ethers (OME) as possible diesel fuel components. Six different scenarios for CO2emission reduction in steel mills were calculated, in four of which methanol is generated as an OME intermediate from steel mill gases. Potential synergies in raw material and energy streams of the coupled processes were identified. Shared process streams and equipment could lead to savings in capital and operational expenditure. CO2reduction volumes and avoidance costs were calculated for the six scenarios. If coupled with methanol production, natural gas‐based direct reduced iron processes offer the chance for quantitative CO2emission reduction at the lowest CO2avoidance costs. Energy required for this process could be co‐fed, e.g., as renewable electricity.
European Chemistry Partnering: Chemistry Makes the World Go Around!
Authors: Bengs Holger 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemistry continually reinvents itself. Chemical production everywhere is influenced by new disciplines, from industrial biotechnology to the Internet of Things; and every traditional as well as new area of expertise has its specialists. Solutions for the big challenges, however, can only be found in interdisciplinary exchange and in complementary cooperation. Scientific congresses and fairs for existing business follow well established formats. To accelerate finding innovations, an industry speed dating format now exists for the chemical industry. Young start‐ups play a crucial role here.
Persistent postmating, prezygotic reproductive isolation between populations
Authors: Garlovsky Martin D. , Snook Rhonda R. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTStudying reproductive barriers between populations of the same species is critical to understand how speciation may proceed. Growing evidence suggests postmating, prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive barriers play an important role in the evolution of early taxonomic divergence. However, the contribution of PMPZ isolation to speciation is typically studied between species in which barriers that maintain isolation may not be those that contributed to reduced gene flow between populations. Moreover, in internally fertilizing animals, PMPZ isolation is related to male ejaculate—female reproductive tract incompatibilities but few studies have examined how mating history of the sexes can affect the strength of PMPZ isolation and the extent to which PMPZ isolation is repeatable or restricted to particular interacting genotypes. We addressed these outstanding questions using multiple populations of Drosophila montana. We show a recurrent pattern of PMPZ isolation, with flies from one population exhibiting reproductive incompatibility in crosses with all three other populations, while those three populations were fully fertile with each other. Reproductive incompatibility is due to lack of fertilization and is asymmetrical, affecting female fitness more than males. There was no effect of male or female mating history on reproductive incompatibility, indicating that PMPZ isolation persists between populations. We found no evidence of variability in fertilization outcomes attributable to different female × male genotype interactions, and in combination with our other results, suggests that PMPZ isolation is not driven by idiosyncratic genotype × genotype interactions. Our results show PMPZ isolation as a strong, consistent barrier to gene flow early during speciation and suggest several targets of selection known to affect ejaculate‐female reproductive tract interactions within species that may cause this PMPZ isolation.
UPSCALING MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS IN A LARGE‐SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEME TO SOLVE DRAINAGE ISSUES: GOING BEYOND A MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ducrot Raphaëlle , Otake Masahiro , Riera Asako , Famba Sebastião , Nguenha Rafael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn large‐scale irrigation schemes built in flood plains the state of the drainage systems not only affects the performance of irrigation but also the quality of life of the population. However, maintenance of the drainage infrastructure is often neglected. This paper draws from two transdisciplinary interventions dealing with the maintenance of drainage infrastructure in the Chokwe Irrigation Scheme in Mozambique: one tested an experimental intervention that called on farmers and experts to solve local drainage issues. The other used a participatory mapping, modelling and simulation approach to discuss the barriers to upscaling different solutions at scheme levels. Managerial issues such as a good communication between actors, a good match between tasks and resources, and the scheduling of maintenance activities were important, but the most difficult challenge was addressing the underlying economic, social and political drivers that affected the relationships between actors and consequently their willingness to cooperate. Thus, the development of perennial solutions calls for (re)internalization of the social and political dimensions in scheme management and to rethink the issue of equity not as a moral injunction but as a condition for irrigation success. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV Resistance of bacteria from the Kenyan Marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens
Authors: Dzeha Thomas , Nyiro Constance , Kardasopoulos Dimitris , Mburu David , Mwafaida Joseph , Hall Michael J. , Burgess J. Grant 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUV resistance of bacteria isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens has not been observed previously, findings which highlight how unsafe germicidal UV irradiation for sterilization of air, food, and water could be. Further, UV resistance of Bacillus licheniformis is being observed for the first time. This study focused on bacteria isolated from the marine cyanobacterium M. producens collected off the Kenyan coast at Shimoni, Wasini, Kilifi, and Mida. UV irradiance of isolates (302 nm, 70 W/m2, 0–1 hr) established B. licheniformis as the most UV resistant strain, with the following order of taxon resistance: Bacilli> γ proteobacteria > Actinobacteria. UV resistance was independent of pigmentation. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic distance determined for both B. licheniformis and Bacillus aerius relative to M. producens CCAP 1446/4 was 2.0. Survival of B. licheniformis upon UV irradiance followed first‐order kinetics (k = 0.035/min, R2 = 0.88). Addition of aqueous extracts (2, 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml) of this B. licheniformis strain on the less resistant Marinobacterium stanieri was not significant, however, the commercial sunscreen benzophenone‐3 (BP‐3) positive control and the time of irradiance were significant. Detection of bacteria on M. producens filaments stained with acridine orange confirmed its nonaxenic nature. Although the chemistry of UV resistance in cyanobacteria has been studied in depth revealing for example the role of mycosporine like amino acids (MAAs) in UV resistance less is known about how bacteria resist UV irradiation. This is of interest since cyanobacteria live in association with bacteria.
Examining predictors and outcomes of fertility consults among children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer
Authors: Saraf Amanda J. , Stanek Joseph , Audino Anthony , DaJusta Daniel , Hansen‐Moore Jennifer , McCracken Kate , Whiteside Stacy , Yeager Nick , Nahata Leena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInfertility has a negative impact on quality of life among cancer survivors. Studies show establishing a fertility team results in improved patient satisfaction. A review of electronic medical records was performed to examine predictors of fertility referrals, interventions, and the impact of an opt‐out consult mechanism. Findings show many patients, particularly those that are younger, are still not receiving fertility counseling despite the presence of a fertility team. Notably, patients were 3.6 times more likely to receive a consult after the opt‐out. Strategies are needed to improve access to fertility related care, particularly in groups where consults are underutilized.
NiTe Nanorods as Electrode Material for High Performance Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Manikandan M. , Subramani K. , Sathish M. , Dhanuskodi S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNickel telluride nanorods (NiTe NRs) have been prepared by hydrothermal method using ascorbic acid as reducing agent and CTAB as surfactant and characterized by XRD, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM and BET. EDX analysis confirms the formation of NiTe NRs. NiTe electrode material for supercapacitor is characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. A high specific capacitance of 618 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 and the cyclic stability with 75% of its specific capacitance retention after 5000 cycles are achieved. During the cyclic process, the coulombic efficiency is better than 99% indicating a good reversibility of NiTe electrode. The combination of high electrical conductivity, porous structure and the synergic effects of nickel play a significant role to obtain supercapacitor electrodes with excellent performances.