bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Corrosion Cracking in Twin Ferrule Compression Fittings in SS31600
Authors: Barker P. A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Twin Ferrule Compression fittings are used worldwide in many industries for pressure containment including Oil and Gas. Stainless steel grade UNS S 31600 / 1.4401 is a common choice of material for such items as it offers corrosion resistance in its uncoated state and a high degree of internal cleanliness. As an austenitic stainless steel however the items are prone to chloride induced stress corrosion cracking (CSCC) in certain environments such as offshore marine and coastal areas where such failures were previously reported in SPE paper 157356-PP 2012.
It has since been suggested that a contributory factor to these failures may be over tightening of the fittings during installation inducing excessive tensile stresses above design intent and shortening the time to failure.
This paper will attempt to quantify these stresses and show how the act of over tightening the fitting (beyond the manufactures recommendation) may affect the susceptibility to CSCC and the time to failure. It will also detail the development of CSCC in the fittings over time and show how the degradation mechanism progresses to leak type failures.
These items are numerous on oil and gas production platforms with several thousand typically employed per installation so the importance of knowledge in this area may be significant to some users. If the morphology or stages of cracking can be identified then targeted inspection of fittings may be carried out to plan change outs in a timely manner rather than allowing the cracks to develop to cause larger leaks or unplanned shutdowns. If the precise morphology of the cracking is identified a better understanding of the consequences can be made.
Verifying tensile stress levels may also be used in the selection of alternative materials for the fittings. Fitting manufacturers offer a range of alternative materials which may be more resistant to stress corrosion cracking such as Duplex, SMo or Nickel alloys.
The test took a sample of new ½″ tubing connector twin ferrule fittings of S31600 material and fixed them to tubing using various degrees of tightening. The fittings were then subjected to the standard accelerated corrosion test of ASTM G123 00.
Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistance of 95 and 110 ksi OCTG Sour Service Grades Under High Partial Pressure of H2S - A Contribution to Corrosion Mechanism Understanding
Authors: Sales Daniella Guedes , Néel Guillaume , Oliveira Jonathas , Thébault Florian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The limit of Sour Service (SS) grades regarding Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) resistance is defined by ANSI NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 standard. For instance, API T95 grade is acceptable to be used in all regions of environmental severity and for all temperatures. As per Annex B of the same standard, SSC laboratory testing in accordance with NACE TM0177 Methods A and D in Solution A saturated by 1 bar H2S partial pressure (PH2S) qualify a material for all SSC regions, up to 10 bar PH2S. To evaluate this statement and verify if the existing NACE guidelines apply also for SS 110 ksi Specified Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS), a procedure to assess the SSC resistance in high H2S pressure was developed. This procedure was applied to enhanced SS 95 ksi and 110 ksi SMYS materials. The methodology consists in regular purging and filling of the gas phase in order to keep constant the PH2S and to remove hydrogen gas produced by generalized corrosion. Investigations combined NACE TM0177 Method A and D tests, characterizations of the iron sulfide scales and hydrogen electrochemical permeations. This methodology enables to give some insights on the corrosion mechanism and the influence of high partial pressure of H2S on the SSC resistance.
Performance Variation of Quaternary Amine Corrosion Inhibitors as a Function of Hydrocarbon Chain Length with Respect to Temperature
Authors: Ali A. Al-Taq , Shaikh A. Ali , Abdullah A. Alrustum 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hydrocarbon chain, hydrophobic in nature, plays an important role in the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors. Increasing hydrocarbon chain length in a corrosion inhibitor tends to increase its inhibition efficiency (IE) but decrease its solubility in aqueous solutions. In this study, quaternary amine corrosion inhibitors with variable hydrocarbon chain lengths ranging from 10 to 16 carbons were synthesized and evaluated as acid corrosion inhibitors for coiled tubing steel. The substituents containing double and triple bonds were incorporated into the corrosion inhibitors to enhance their performance in HCl acid solutions. In addition to the quaternary nitrogen, three additional adsorption sites including propargyl and two allyl groups are present in this corrosion inhibitor.
Behavior of these compounds in concentrated HCl acids was examined using gravimetric and electrochemical methods (polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)). Weight loss tests were conducted in 28 wt% HCl acid solutions at different temperatures and a soaking time of two hours was applied. The temperatures examined ranged from 30 to 90 °C. The results showed that IE increased in the order of C10 &lt; C12 &lt; C16 at 30 °C and while a reverse order was observed at higher examined temperatures (90 °C). At a temperature of 30 °C, an inhibitor concentration of 50 ppm gave the corrosion IE of 80.4, 78.3 and 67.2% for C16, C12 and C10, respectively, while at 90 °C, the corresponding inhibition efficiencies were 25.7, 21.1 and 15.4%. Polarization measurements showed that the inhibition mechanisms for C12 and C16 was via suppressing/retarding anodic reaction while a mixed- type mechanism was obtained for C10. The IE obtained by the polarization technique at 30 °C showed the same order obtained by weight loss method (C16&gt;C12&gt;C10) while at a temperature of 70 °C, the order was C16&gt;C10&gt;C12.
This paper will present in detail, 1) the synthesis and characterization of the corrosion inhibitors, 2) the variation in their performance, and 3) subsequently, the potential mechanisms for obtained variations as a function of temperature are discussed.
Corrosion of Steel Armour Wires in Flexible Pipes - History Effects
Authors: Dugstad Arne , Palencsár Simona , Berntsen Tonje , Børvik Linda 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Flexible pipes used in oil and gas production are composed of densely packed steel wires enclosed in an annulus confined by inner and outer thermoplastic sheaths (pressure barriers). Hydrocarbons, water, CO2 and H2S from the bore diffuse through the inner sheath and form a corrosive environment in the confined space between the sheaths. A large steel surface to water volume ratio leads to rapid accumulation of dissolved corrosion products and precipitation of protective iron carbonate (FeCO3) films. Low corrosion rates (&lt;0.01 mm/y) are usually experienced in the field and have been reported in a number of experiments where fresh abraded steel surfaces are exposed in environments with high concentration of dissolved corrosion products.
This paper presents results from experiments where the protective properties of iron carbonate films were studied when the armour steel was exposed to oxygenated water for some time, i.e. simulation of accidental ingress of aerated seawater into the annulus. The protective iron carbonate film broke down during the O2 exposure and was converted to a porous film of iron oxides and iron carbide. The porous film gave poor protection and the corrosion rate increased from less than 0.01 mm/y to more than 1 mm/y during the O2 exposure. The presence of the porous film disturbed the reformation of protective iron carbonate films when outer sheath repair was simulated by removing the O2 source. It was shown that reformation of protective films was strongly dependent on the duration of the O2 exposure and on the corrosion history of the steel surface prior to the O2 exposure. The experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure, at 25 and 60 °C and with a CO2 partial pressure of 0.2 bar. The paper discusses the experimental results, the experimental approach and the challenges of simulating the annulus conditions in small scale lab experiments.
Organizational Factors and Burnout of Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Sillero Amalia , Zabalegui Adelaida 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Knowing the organizational factors that predict burnout in perioperative nurses is paramount for improving the care of patients and promoting nurses’ psychosocial well-being and health.

Objective:
To determine the influence of organizational factors of the perioperative nurse's work environment on the three burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, despersonalization, and personal accomplishment.

Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 nurses in a perioperative care unit at a university hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Data were collected using a demographic data form, and the Spanish versions of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and Maslach Burnout Inventory.

Results:
Findings showed emotional exhaustion in 43% (56) of nurses, depersonalization in 21% (28), and reduced personal accomplisment in 53% (69). The degree of general burnout was moderate.
The work environment was considered unfavourable as only one factor of five was favourable (Nursing foundations of quality care). Multiple regression analyses showed three organizational factors were associated with all three dimensions of burnout: “Nurse manager ability, leadership, and support of nurses”; “Staffing and resources adequacy”; and “Nursing foundations of quality care”.

Conclusions:
In this study three organizational factors played a significant role in predicting burnout among perioperative nurses. We recommend hospital management implement policies to improve these organizational factors. Promoting positive leadership styles, providing necessary resources, and creating a positive climate in the work environment could increase psychosocial wellbeing and decrease burnout among perioperative nurses.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Er:YAG Laser and Rotary Bur in the Excavation of Caries - Patients' Experiences and the Quality of Composite Restoration
Authors: Sarmadi Roxana , Andersson Elin Viktoria , Lingström Peter , Gabre Pia 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate patients´ experiences of two excavation methods, Er:YAG laser and rotary bur and time required by the methods as well as objective assessments of quality and durability of restorations over a two-year period.

Methods:
A prospective, single-blind, randomized and controlled investigation was performed. Patients aged 15 to 40 years with at least two primary caries lesions, which had been radiographically assessed as of the same size, were recruited. In each patient, one cavity was excavated using rotary bur and one using Er:YAG laser technique. The time required for excavations and, where applicable, local anaesthesia, was measured during the treatments. Patient experiences were measured using questionnaires. The quality and durability of restorations were assessed over a two-year period in accordance with modified Ryges criteria and radiographs. Twenty-five patients (mean age 22.6 years) participated in the study. In total, 56 cavities were included of which 28 were treated with Er:YAG laser and 28 were treated with a rotary bur.

Results:
The patients associated the laser method with less discomfort. The mean time for excavation by laser was three times longer than by rotary bur (13.2 min vs. 4.3 min, P<0.0001). Over a two-year period, no statistically significant differences with regard to quality or durability could be seen between the restorations associated with the methods.

Conclusion:
The Er:YAG laser technique was more time-consuming than the rotary bur. Despite this, the laser technique caused less discomfort and was preferred as an excavation method by patients.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea
Authors: Rani Reena , Sharma Dushyant , Chaturvedi Monika , Yadav Jaya Parkash 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Medicinal plants are having immense potential to cure various health ailments
and used as drugs and remedies for the treatment of various diseases since civilization. Medicinal
property of these plants lies in their secondary metabolites which covered various classes like
phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, etc. Besides this, these secondary metabolites serve as a prototype
to synthesize the new synthetic drugs.
</P><P>
Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of
leaves extracts of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea and characterization of their bioactive
metabolites by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectroscopy (GC-MS).

Methods:
Methanol, petroleum ether and water were used for the extract preparation using cold percolation
method. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion assay. The antioxidant
activity of both the plants of Calotropis species was carried out by using different assay. Phytochemical
analysis was carried out by using FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis.

Results:
Methanol extract of both the plants was found to possess highest antioxidant potential in
comparison to other extracts. Methanol extract of C. gigantea and aqueous extract of C. procera
showed the maximum antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains. FTIR analysis of
plants extracts indicates the presence of phenolic compounds, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes,
aliphatic and aromatic amines, allene, sulfoxides, phenyl ester nitrocompounds and imines. GC-MS
analysis of C. procera aqueous extract showed the presence of R-limonene, mannosamine, tridecane,
1-bromo-, 2-propenoic acid, tridecyl ester, pentatriacontane and 1-hexacosene as major phytochemicals.
C. gigantea methanol extract indicated the presence of hentriacontane, eicosane, 3,3-
dimethylnonadecane, pentacosane, 1-hexacosene, pentatriacontane and clocortolone as major phytochemicals.

Conclusion:
This study provides a systematic base for isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals
from the Calotropis plant species and to evaluate their efficacy especially for antioxidant and
antibacterial activities.
Image Fusion Method Based on Multi-scale Directional Fast Guided Filter and Convolutional Sparse Representation
Authors: Xian-Hong Liu , Zhi-Bin Chen 
Published: June 2018

Background:
A multi-scale multidirectional image fusion method is proposed, which
introduces the Nonsubsampled Directional Filter Bank (NSDFB) into the multi-scale edge-preserving
decomposition based on the fast guided filter.

Methods:
The proposed method has the advantages of preserving edges and extracting directional
information simultaneously. In order to get better-fused sub-bands coefficients, a Convolutional Sparse
Representation (CSR) based approximation sub-bands fusion rule is introduced and a Pulse Coupled
Neural Network (PCNN) based detail sub-bands fusion strategy with New Sum of Modified Laplacian
(NSML) to be the external input is also presented simultaneously.

Results:
Experimental results have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over
conventional methods in terms of visual effects and objective evaluations.

Conclusion:
In this paper, combining fast guided filter and nonsubsampled directional filter bank, a
multi-scale directional edge-preserving filter image fusion method is proposed. The proposed method
has the features of edge-preserving and extracting directional information.
A Comprehensive Review of Power Quality Issues and Measurement for Grid-Integrated Wind Turbines
Authors: Zobaa Ahmed F. , Ahmed Ibrahim , Abdel Aleem Shady H.E. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Renewable energy generation using wind energy has emerged worldwide and has
opened up significant new markets in electrical power generation. However, different factors that affect
power quality performance of Wind Turbine (WT) applications such as wind speed fluctuation and use of
power electronic based devices have been presented due to the rapid increase of WT installations.

Methods:
Accordingly, it is worth to measure, assess and evaluate the quality of the generated power of
these WTs in order to ensure their compliance with the grid-integration conditions. In this work, first, a
general classification of WTs and their operating principle is reviewed. Because variable speed WTs are
frequently used in today’s power systems, much attention was paid to this type of turbines. Second, the
various power quality aspects caused due to the integration of the wind energy systems into the grid
were presented and discussed. Flickers, harmonic distortion, response to voltage dip, active power, and
reactive power requirements, fault-ride through and short-circuit current contribution were the addressed
power quality problems.

Results:
Further, the study pointed out the need for a unified evaluation process to assess the power
quality performance of the grid-connected wind systems.

Conclusion:
Also, it was concluded that success in integrating more wind energy systems hinges on accurate
power quality performance assessment.
Commerce Ethics of Muhammad PBUH’ and Universal Values in Era of Prophet Hood
Authors: Suwandi Andi 
Published: June 2018

<p>Muhammad PBUH, primarily business along with his father since as early as his childhood. Whilst he grown up, he commenced to setup his own venture and also have a joint venture with Siti Khadijah based on mudharabah scheme. He is gifted with great wisdom in trading and has allowed him gaining great benefit through it. Due to his moral in trading, it leads to his marriage with Siti Khadijah. Unquestionably there were features on the ethics and morals in the trade that Muhammad PBUH has represented. A matter of concern was his morality that shown during trade leads to his marriage with Siti Khadijah who was initially his business colleague previously and what was the commercial strategy that empowers him to a vast profit during trading. Thus, this study endeavor to define and detail the ethics and morals in trading that has been shown by Muhammad PBUH prior his prophet hood. The results of this study display the conflicting fact in practices that has been applied amongst the community back at that time. His is abundant in honest, fairness, friendly and compassionate to the buyer, and never set up a high price, and also detail in transaction record consequential him loved by many people. Alongside the combination of his aptitude in negotiation and intelligence, he was proficient to “read” the market opportunities and learning cultural and geographical conditions of each target market led him to higher profits than other merchants. In addition, this study also articulated sixteen Muhammad PBUH’ universal values in commerce such; honest, trustworthy, fair, polite and affectionate in trade, buy-sell applies only based on mutual consent, not involved in usurious practices', only legitimate and permitted item that will sell, avoid argument with partners and buyers, no oath in the name of idols, hoarding the goodies (<em>ikhtisar</em>) is not allowed, damaged item’ replacement policy, avoid competition on price, small profits is acceptable, pay his employee as soon as the job is done, always record transaction, and be generous. Those ethics and values actually resemble to such practice by Islamic merchants to highlight Islamic values in commerce nowadays.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>: <em>Trading Business Ethics, Muhammad PBUH, prior to prophet hood.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
Implementasi Pendidikan Nilai Nasionalisme Dalam Pembelajaran Living Values
Authors: Apriani An-Nisa , Ariyani Yusinta Dwi 
Published: June 2018

<p><em>This research aims to investigate the implementation of educational values of nasionalism in the living values learning process on the preparation class at SD Tumbuh 1 Yogyakarta. The data were collected by qualitative-descriptive method. Participants of this research included the principal, the teachers, and the students. The object of this research is the process of living values learning. The data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation. The researcher used observation sheets and interview guides as the instruments of this research. The data were analyzed by descriptive-analyzed technique and applied Miles and Huberman model. Many steps of data analysis were conducted, included measuring data reduction, displaying data, and conclusion. The validity of the data were checked by triangulation.</em></p><p><em>The result showed that the implementation of educational values of nasionalism in the living values learning process involving </em><em>the value of the award in diversity (tolerance), unity, and peace. Living values learning process includes three stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Learning plan </em><em>of </em><em>living values </em><em>is </em><em>based on signs EYCG curriculum (Years Earlier Curicullum guidence) and modified with multiple sources of reference. </em><em>The l</em><em>earning plan includes syllabus and program description. </em><em>The i</em><em>mplementation</em><em> of</em><em> living values learning </em><em>process </em><em>emphasize</em><em>s</em><em> three elements </em><em>of embeding</em><em> moral values such as knowledge, feeling, and moral </em><em>behavior</em><em>. </em><em>The e</em><em>valuation of the living values learning </em><em>process </em><em>includes the assessment of learning outcome and learning process. Assessment of learning outcome has reached the </em><em>domain</em><em> of </em><em>comprehension</em><em> and moral behavior. Learning </em><em>process </em><em>assessment</em><em> is</em><em> conducted orally but rarely carried out by the teacher.</em><em></em></p>
Pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja pustakawan Universitas Gadjah Mada
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono , Wiyarsih Wiyarsih , Isbandini Isbandini 
Published: June 2018

Introduction. This study aims to examine the role of education and training in influencing librarians’ performance at the Main library of UniversitasGadjahMada(UGM). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of education and training on the performance of librarians of UGM is important to consider the library of UGM to organize education and trainin every year.Data Collection Methods. This research used quantitative approach with survey. The subject of this study wais UGM librarian regarding their perspectives in the librarian traiing.Sample this research is 74 librarians.Data Analysis. The data was analysed by usingSPSSResults and Discussions. The results showed that library education did not affect the performance of librarians. General knowledge training affected the performance of librarians. The performance of UGM librarians in the category is quite good. The data analysis shows that majority of UGM librarians have undergraduate education of 28 people (37.8%) and the second most have master's degree which is 21 people (28,4%). UGM librarians who have attended general knowledge training more than 5 times are 19 librarians (25.7%) and librarians who follow librarian training of more than 5 6 (8.1%). The performance score of UGM librarian is in interval of 56% -75% so it shows that the performance of UGM librarian in the category is quite good.Conclusion. Training of general knowledge field give positive influence to the performance of UGM librarian if given as much as 2-3 times in a year. Training in the field of librarianship gives a positive influence on the performance of UGM librarians. The more training the librarianship is given the better the performance