bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Study on Rib‐Type Photonic Wires Based on LiNbO3 Thin Film on Insulator
Authors: Xu Qing , Shao Yan‐Xue , Piao Rui‐Qi , Chen Feng , Wang Xiao , Yang Xiao‐Fei , Wong Wing‐Han , Pun Edwin Yue‐Bun , Zhang De‐Long 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA theoretical study on rib‐type photonic wires (PW) based on lithium niobate (LiNbO3)‐on‐insulator (LNOI) using finite element method is performed. Aiming at 1.55 µm wavelength, effective refractive indices of several lower‐order transverse‐electric/magnetic (TE/TM) modes in the central rib region and the fundamental mode in the slab waveguide in the side region are calculated as a function of geometric parameters of the PW. By comparing effective refractive index of the first‐order mode in the central rib region with that of the fundamental mode in the slab waveguide, single‐mode condition in the central rib region is determined in terms of geometric parameters of the PW. Electric field distributions of fundamental TE and TM modes are also simulated and discussed. In addition, dispersion relation of effective group refractive index of the fundamental mode in the central rib region is calculated and discussed in comparison with those of ridge‐type LNOI PW, traditional Ti‐diffused LiNbO3 strip waveguide, and bulk LiNbO3 single‐crystal. For a fundamental TE mode in a rib‐type LNOI PW with a LiNbO3 film thickness 700 nm, a rib width 1 µm and an etching depth 100–200 nm, nearly zero group index dispersion in the wavelength range 1.31.7 µm can be realized.
Breaking the Limit of Micro‐Ductility in Oxide Glasses
Authors: Januchta Kacper , Stepniewska Malwina , Jensen Lars R. , Zhang Yang , Somers Marcel A. J. , Bauchy Mathieu , Yue Yuanzheng , Smedskjaer Morten M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxide glasses are one of the most important engineering and functional material families owing to their unique features, such as tailorable physical properties. However, at the same time intrinsic brittleness has been their main drawback, which severely restricts many applications. Despite much progress, a breakthrough in developing ultra‐damage‐resistant and ductile oxide glasses still needs to be made. Here, a critical advancement toward such oxide glasses is presented. In detail, a bulk oxide glass with a record‐high crack resistance is obtained by subjecting a caesium aluminoborate glass to surface aging under humid conditions, enabling it to sustain sharp contact deformations under loads of ≈500 N without forming any strength‐limiting cracks. This ultra‐high crack resistance exceeds that of the annealed oxide glasses by more than one order of magnitude, making this glass micro‐ductile. In addition, a remarkable indentation behavior, i.e., a time‐dependent shrinkage of the indent cavity, is demonstrated. Based on structural analyses, a molecular‐scale deformation model to account for both the ultra‐high crack resistance and the time‐dependent shrinkage in the studied glass is proposed.
Survival outcomes after sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer
Authors: Isozaki Hiroshi , Matsumoto Sasau , Murakami Shigeki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the prognosis after sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) for early gastric cancer.MethodsFor 100 patients who underwent SNNS (between August 13, 2003 and December 17, 2018) at our hospital, the survival outcomes were investigated.Results(a) SN were detected with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.98. (b) Of seven patients who had positive SN metastasis, three underwent standard gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Among them, one patient died of recurrence (bone) and the other two patients were alive 4.5 and 14.7 years after surgery. The remaining four patients with positive SN who underwent diminished gastrectomy with lymphatic basin dissection at their request are alive 2.8, 6.0, 6.9 and 10.8 years after surgery without recurrence. (c) No patients who underwent diminished gastrectomy died of gastric cancer after surgery. (d) In the period following diminished gastrectomy, one patient underwent total gastrectomy and five patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection, and they survived for longer than 5 years. (e) As a result of SNNS, the gastric cancer‐specific cumulative 5‐year survival rate was 98.5%.ConclusionsDiminished gastrectomy during SNNS resulted in a satisfactory prognosis. However, regular follow‐up after surgery is needed to detect secondary cancer of the remaining stomach.
Comparison of Eulerian QBMM and classical Eulerian–Eulerian method for the simulation of polydisperse bubbly flows
Authors: Li Dongyue , Marchisio Daniele , Hasse Christian , Lucas Dirk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe spatial gas distribution of poly‐disperse bubbly flows depends greatly on the bubble size. To reflect the resulting polycelerity, more than two momentum balance equations (typically for the gas and liquid phases) have to be considered, as done in the multifluid approach. The inhomogeneous multiple‐size group model follows this approach, also combined with a population balance model. As an alternative, in a previous work, an Eulerian quadrature‐based moments method (E‐QBMM) was implemented in OpenFOAM; however, only the drag force was included. In this work, different nondrag forces (lift, wall lubrication, and turbulent dispersion) are added to enable more complex test cases to be simulated. Simulation results obtained using E‐QBMM are compared with the classical E–E method and validated against experimental data for different test cases. The results show that there is good agreement between E‐QBMM and E–E methods for mono‐disperse cases, but E‐QBMM can better simulate the separation and segregation of small and large bubbles.
Light pollution and insufficient sleep: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to test whether light pollution is associated with lower or insufficient sleep. The American Medical Association recently issued a public notice cautioning against the effects of nighttime light on sleep quality and quantity. Light pollution, through the suprachiasmatic nucleus, disrupts circadian rhythm by reducing the secretion of melatonin, a sleep‐inducing hormone.MethodsI used 282 403 individual self‐reports of sleep hours and insufficient sleep from the 2014 and 2016 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area (MMSA) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the prevalence of insufficient sleep during 2014 in 2823 US counties from the County Health Rankings. The nighttime artificial light data are from the cloud‐free Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the US.ResultsAt the MMSA level, for a 10‐unit increase in nighttime light (nW/[cm2 sr]) the estimated decline in sleep was about 5.59 minutes per day and the odds of reporting insufficient sleep (<7 hours) increased by 13.77%. At the county‐level, for a 10‐unit increase in nighttime light, the prevalence of insufficient sleep increased by 2.19%.ConclusionsAlthough light pollution was negatively associated with sleep outcomes, the practical effect sizes were small. The small effects suggest that the effects at the population level are negligible, and the effect of nighttime light pollution is more idiosyncratic.
Cysteine SH and Glutamate COOH Contributions to [NiFe] Hydrogenase Proton Transfer Revealed by Highly Sensitive FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Tai Hulin , Nishikawa Koji , Higuchi Yoshiki , Mao Zong‐wan , Hirota Shun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA [NiFe] hydrogenase (H2ase) is a proton‐coupled electron transfer enzyme that catalyses reversible H2 oxidation; however, its fundamental proton transfer pathway remains unknown. Herein, we observed the protonation of Cys546‐SH and Glu34‐COOH near the Ni–Fe site with high‐sensitivity infrared difference spectra by utilizing Ni‐C‐to‐Ni‐L and Ni‐C‐to‐Ni‐SIa photoconversions. Protonated Cys546‐SH in the Ni‐L state was verified by the observed SH stretching frequency (2505 cm−1), whereas Cys546 was deprotonated in the Ni‐C and Ni‐SIa states. Glu34‐COOH was double H‐bonded in the Ni‐L state, as determined by the COOH stretching frequency (1700 cm−1), and single H‐bonded in the Ni‐C and Ni‐SIa states. Additionally, a stretching mode of an ordered water molecule was observed in the Ni‐L and Ni‐C states. These results elucidate the organized proton transfer pathway during the catalytic reaction of a [NiFe] H2ase, which is regulated by the H‐bond network of Cys546, Glu34, and an ordered water molecule.
Dirac Nodal Arc Semimetal PtSn4: An Ideal Platform for Understanding Surface Properties and Catalysis for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Guowei , Fu Chenguang , Shi Wujun , Jiao Lin , Wu Jiquan , Yang Qun , Saha Rana , Kamminga Machteld E. , Srivastava Abhay K. , Liu Enke , Yazdani Aliza N. , Kumar Nitesh , Zhang Jian , Blake Graeme R. , Liu Xianjie , Fahlman Mats , Wirth Steffen , Auffermann Gudrun , Gooth Johannes , Parkin Stuart , Madhavan Vidya , Feng Xinliang , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConductivity, carrier mobility, and a suitable Gibbs free energy are important criteria that determine the performance of catalysts for a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is a challenge to combine these factors into a single compound. Herein, we discover a superior electrocatalyst for a HER in the recently identified Dirac nodal arc semimetal PtSn4. The determined turnover frequency (TOF) for each active site of PtSn4 is 1.54 H2 s−1 at 100 mV. This sets a benchmark for HER catalysis on Pt‐based noble metals and earth‐abundant metal catalysts. We make use of the robust surface states of PtSn4 as their electrons can be transferred to the adsorbed hydrogen atoms in the catalytic process more efficiently. In addition, PtSn4 displays excellent chemical and electrochemical stabilities after long‐term exposure in air and long‐time HER stability tests.
Diketopiperazine Formation in Fungi Requires Dedicated Cyclization and Thiolation Domains
Authors: Baccile Joshua A. , Le Henry H. , Pfannenstiel Brandon T. , Bok Jin Woo , Gomez Christian , Brandenburger Eileen , Hoffmeister Dirk , Keller Nancy P. , Schroeder Frank C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCyclization of linear dipeptidyl precursors derived from nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) into 2,5‐diketopiperazines (DKPs) is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of a large number of bioactive natural products. However, the mechanism of DKP formation in fungi has remained unclear, despite extensive studies of their biosyntheses. Here we show that DKP formation en route to the fungal virulence factor gliotoxin requires a seemingly extraneous couplet of condensation (C) and thiolation (T) domains in the NRPS GliP. In vivo truncation of GliP to remove the CT couplet or just the T domain abrogated production of gliotoxin and all other gli pathway metabolites. Point mutation of conserved active sites in the C and T domains diminished cyclization activity of GliP in vitro and abolished gliotoxin biosynthesis in vivo. Verified NRPSs of other fungal DKPs terminate with similar CT domain couplets, suggesting a conserved strategy for DKP biosynthesis by fungal NRPSs.
Oganesson Is a Semiconductor: On the Relativistic Band‐Gap Narrowing in the Heaviest Noble‐Gas Solids
Authors: Mewes Jan‐Michael , Jerabek Paul , Smits Odile R. , Schwerdtfeger Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOganesson (Og) is the most recent addition to Group 18. Investigations of its atomic electronic structure have unraveled a tremendous impact of relativistic effects, raising the question whether the heaviest noble gas lives up to its position in the periodic table. To address the issue, we explore the electronic structure of bulk Og by means of relativistic Kohn–Sham density functional theory and many‐body perturbation theory in the form of the GW method. Calculating the band structure of the noble‐gas solids from Ne to Og, we demonstrate excellent agreement for the band gaps of the experimentally known solids from Ne to Xe and provide values of 7.1 eV and 1.5 eV for the unknown solids of Rn and Og. While this is in line with periodic trends for Rn, the band gap of Og completely breaks with these trends. The surprisingly small band gap of Og moreover means that, in stark contrast to all other noble‐gas solids, the solid form of Og is a semiconductor.
Semiparametric modeling of the spatiotemporal trends in natural gas consumption: Methodology, results, and consequences
Authors: Brabec Marek , Konár Ondřej , Kasanický Ivan , Malý Marek , Pelikán Emil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHousehold consumption of natural gas is usually considered to be quite stable as cooking, space, and water heating belong to basic needs. The improvement of technologies together with possibilities of switching to alternative sources can, however, lead to a decreasing consumption trend. Knowing more about such trend, especially of its spatial distribution, can be useful for strategic planning. In this paper, we describe a general statistical methodology allowing to study the spatiotemporal behavior of consumption. It is based on semiparametric modeling. Formalized error and sensitivity analyses are part of the methodology. Presented methods are illustrated on large‐scale data from the Czech Republic.
Disentangling the influence of internationalization on sustainability development: Evidence from the energy sector
Authors: Gómez‐Bolaños Efrén , Hurtado‐Torres Nuria Esther , Delgado‐Márquez Blanca Luisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to deepen our understanding of the relationship between firms' internationalization and their sustainability development. We expected firms with a higher level of internationalization to exhibit better environmental management and performance. A sample of 287 publicly traded firms in the energy and energy‐related utilities sector was used to test these relationships. We focused on the energy sector, as energy production and supply have historically accounted for the lion's share of global greenhouse gas emissions. We found that firms' level of internationalization had a positive effect on their environmental management, whereas its effect on environmental performance was not found to be significant. We also tested whether these relationships change when firms' internationalization is oriented towards developing countries. Upon a closer look, the relationship was found to be significant between internationalization towards developing countries and better environmental management, thus contributing to the line of literature that does not support the pollution haven hypothesis.
Second generation, sirolimus‐eluting, bioresorbable Tyrocore scaffold implantation in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: Baseline OCT and 30‐day clinical outcomes – A FANTOM STEMI pilot study
Authors: Koltowski Lukasz , Tomaniak Mariusz , Ochijewicz Dorota , Maksym Jakub , Roleder Tomasz , Zaleska Martyna , Proniewska Klaudia , Opolski Grzegorz , Kochman Janusz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is paucity of data on acute performance of Fantom (REVA Medical, CA), a second generation sirolimus‐eluting bioresorbable scaffold (BRS), in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of the Fantom BRS in the acute setting of STEMI characterized by thrombogenic milieu.MethodologyTen STEMI patients treated with a sirolimus‐eluting Fantom BRS were enrolled into prospective, observational study. The scaffold sizing, positioning, and optimization were optical coherence tomography (OCT) guided. The primary end‐point was the device‐oriented composite endpoint (DOCE), additionally angiographic and OCT analysis were performed.ResultsThe primary‐end point, defined as DOCE, did not occur in any patient within the 30‐day follow‐up. The procedural and angiographic success rates were both 100%, there was no case of scaffold thrombosis, target lesion revascularization nor death. In QCA, an in‐device minimum lumen diameter was 2.89 ± 0.24 mm and the residual diameter stenosis was 3.56 ± 3.17%. OCT revealed an incomplete scaffold apposition in five patients with an average of seven malapposed struts per scaffold and mean distance of 120 ± 30 μm. There was no proximal edge dissection, the distal edge dissection was recorded in one patient.ConclusionsThis is the first pilot study evaluating safety and efficacy of the Fantom BRS, a second generation fully bioresorbable coronary scaffold, in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with OCT guidance. Fantom BRS showed adequate safety and efficacy in the acute 30‐day angiographic, OCT, and clinical follow‐up.
Divergent Synthesis and Evaluation of the in vitro Cytotoxicity Profiles of 3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐one Analogues
Authors: Karunakaran Jayachandran , Dhatchana Moorthy Nachiappan , Chowdhury Somenath Roy , Iqbal Saleem , Majumder Hemanta K. , Gunasekaran Krishnasamy , Vellaichamy Elangovan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new series of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)‐appended propenones were prepared by condensation reaction and their in vitro cytotoxicity effects were evaluated against five human cancer cell lines. Preliminary structure–activity relationships of EDOT‐incorporated 2‐propenone derivatives were also established. The EDOT‐appended enones demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. The most active analogue, (E)‐3‐(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (3 p, GI50=110 nm), severely inhibited the clonogenic potential of cancer cells, and induced cell‐cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and caused an accumulation of HCT116 colon cancer cells with >4 N DNA content. Also, 3 p exhibited weak inhibition of the enzymatic activity of human topoisomerase I. Molecular docking studies indicated preferential binding of the compounds to the ATP‐binding pocket of the human checkpoint 2 kinase (Chk2) catalytic domain, thus, identifying a novel diaryl 2‐propenone chemotype for the development of potent inhibitors of Chk2.
Can cognitive analytic therapy treat hoarding disorder? An adjudicated hermeneutic single‐case efficacy design evaluation
Authors: Spence Claire , Kellett Stephen , Totterdell Peter , Parry Glenys 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper sought to assess whether cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) was effective with a male patient meeting diagnostic criteria for hoarding disorder (HD) who had been nonresponsive to two previous courses of cognitive behaviour therapy. An adjudicated hermeneutic single‐case efficacy design (HSCED) evaluation was undertaken. A rich case record (i.e., a summary document containing the case details, formulations, and detailed qualitative and quantitative outcomes) was created. The rich case record was then debated by affirmative (N = 3) and sceptic (N = 3) research teams. Expert judges (N = 3) reviewed the debate and then delivered a final verdict as to whether treatment had worked. Judges unanimously returned a verdict in favour of the sceptic position, concluding that CAT had not enabled change. Lack of change on the primary nomothetic hoarding outcome measure was particularly influential in the final judgement. In this case of HD, CAT was therefore not effective as an intervention. More research is needed before any definitive conclusions can be drawn however as to the wider utility of CAT with HD. Methodological limitations are outlined, alongside considerations for future research.
Antidiarrheal, vasorelaxant, and neuropharmacological actions of the diterpene tilifodiolide
Authors: Alba‐Betancourt Clara , Sánchez‐Recillas Amanda , Alonso‐Castro Angel J. , Esquivel‐Juárez David , Zapata‐Morales Juan R. , Yáñez‐Pérez Víctor , Álvarez‐Camacho Daniel , Medina‐Rivera Yessica E. , González‐Chávez Marco M. , Gasca‐Martínez Deisy , Ortiz‐Andrade Rolffy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSalvia tiliifolia is used in folk medicine as a relaxant agent and for the treatment of diarrhea and neurodegenerative diseases. Tilifodiolide (TFD) is a diterpene obtained from this plant. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antidiarrheal, vasorelaxant, and neuropharmacological actions of TFD. These effects were selected based on the folk medicinal use of S. tiliifolia. The antidiarrheal activity of 1–50 mg/kg p.o. TFD was assessed with the castor oil related tests. The vasorelaxant effect of TFD (0.9–298 μM) was performed with smooth muscle tissues from rats, and its mechanism of action was evaluated using different inhibitors. The sedative, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects of 1–100 mg/kg TFD were assessed. The possible mechanisms of action of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of TFD were evaluated using inhibitors. TFD exhibited antidiarrheal (ED50 = 10.62 mg/kg) and vasorelaxant (EC50 = 48 ± 3.51 μM) effects. The coadministration of TFD with N(ω)‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) or 1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), reverted the vasorelaxant action showed by TFD alone. TFD exerted anxiolytic actions (ED50 = 20 mg/kg) in the cylinder exploratory test, whereas TFD (50 mg/kg) showed antidepressant actions in the tail suspension test by 44%. The pretreatment with 2 mg/kg flumazenil partially reverted the anxiolytic actions of TFD, whereas the pretreatment with 1 mg/kg yohimbine abolished the antidepressant effects of TFD. In summary, TFD exerted antidiarrheal activity by decreasing the intestinal fluid accumulation and vasorelaxant effects mediated by nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. TFD showed anxiolytic and antidepressant effects by the partial involvement of gamma‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and the possible participation of α2‐adrenoreceptors, respectively.
Using high‐resolution XRF analyses as a sequence stratigraphic tool in a mudstone‐dominated succession (Early Cretaceous, Lower Saxony Basin, Northern Germany)
Authors: Thöle Hauke , Bornemann André , Heimhofer Ulrich , Luppold Friedrich Wilhelm , Blumenberg Martin , Dohrmann Reiner , Erbacher Jochen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDelineation of stratigraphic sequences and their component systems tracts in mudstone‐dominated successions is challenging due to the relatively homogenous, fine‐grained nature of the strata. High‐resolution elemental intensity data from X‐ray fluorescence core scanning is used in order to develop a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Lower Cretaceous monotonous mudstone succession in the eastern Lower Saxony Basin. The study is based on four drill cores covering the Berriasian to Aptian interval. In addition, carbon isotope (δ13Corg), grain size and CaCO3 analyses were carried out on discrete samples. The studied cores represent both proximal and distal basinal environments of the eastern Lower Saxony Basin and can be reliably correlated by utilizing variations in selected X‐ray flourescence elemental ratios, K/Ti data have proven to be particularly suitable in this regard. The core correlation shows that chemostratigraphic variability within the studied succession is laterally reproducible in the eastern Lower Saxony Basin, and can be used to establish a sequence stratigraphic framework. Further, Si/Al and Ca/Ti ratios have been applied to characterize the cores in terms of variation in grain size and CaCO3 content, respectively. Vertical grading trends inferred from Si/Al changes were used to identify transgressive and regressive systems tracts within the studied succession. An important regression in the uppermost lower Valanginian coincides with the onset of the Valanginian Weissert Event, as indicated by the well‐known positive δ13C shift, and, thus, supports the idea that the initial interval of this event corresponds to enhanced supply of terrigenous material. The results of this study are also in agreement with previously recognized transgressive–regressive trends in the Lower Saxony Basin and adjacent areas. This clearly shows that systematic geochemical variations recorded in mudstone‐dominated basinal settings are suitable to establish sequence stratigraphic frameworks.