bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel mutation in Teneurin 3 found to co‐segregate in all affecteds in a multi‐generation family with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Feldman George , Kappes Dietmar , Mookerjee‐Basu Jayati , Freeman Theresa , Fertala Andrzej , Parvizi Javad 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDDH is a debilitating condition characterized by incomplete formation of the acetabulum leading to dislocation of the hip, suboptimal joint function and accelerated wear of the articular cartilage resulting in early onset crippling arthritis of the hip in 20–40 year olds. Current diagnostic tests in newborns using physical manipulation of the femur or ultrasound either under or over‐diagnose this condition. Developing an accurate, cost effective diagnostic test is a goal of this study. To better understand the biologic pathways involved in acetabular development, DNA from severely affected individuals in a four generation family that showed inter‐generational transmission of the disorder was isolated and whole exome sequenced. A novel A to C transversion at position 183721398 on human chromosome four was found to co‐segregate with the affected phenotype in this family. This mutation encodes a glutamine to proline change at position 2665 in the Teneurin 3 (TENM3) gene and was judged damaging by four prediction programs. Eight week old knock‐in mutant mice show delayed development of the left acetabulum and the left glenoid fossa as shown by the presence of more Alcian blue staining on the socket rims of both the hip and the shoulder. We hypothesize that mutated TENM3 will slow chondrogenesis. MMP13 has been shown to impair extracellular matrix remodeling and suppress differentiation. Bone marrow cells from the knock‐in mouse were found to overexpress MMP13 with or without BMP2 stimulation. This variant may elucidate pathways responsible for normal hip development and become part of an accurate test for DDH. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Radiostereometric analysis of the initial stability of internally fixed femoral neck fractures under differential loading
Authors: Finnilä Sami , Moritz Niko , Strandberg Niko , Alm Jessica J. , Aro Hannu T. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe examined the feasibility of radiostereometric analysis (RSA) in the assessment of the initial stability of internally fixed femoral neck fractures. The study included 16 patients (mean age 73 years). During surgery, multiple RSA‐beads were inserted on both sides of the fracture. Radiographs for RSA were taken in the supine position within the first 3 days and 6, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after surgery. To detect any inducible motion at the fracture‐site, radiographs for RSA were taken with the patient resting or applying a load through the fracture. Fracture loading was achieved by the patient pressing the ipsilateral foot as much as tolerated on a force plate while providing a counterforce through both hands. Micromotion exceeding the precision values of RSA (≥0.3 mm for the translation vector and/or ≥1.2 degrees for the rotation vector) was considered significant. Permanent three‐dimensional fracture‐site displacement was also recorded. Voluntary loading induced fracture‐site micromotion, which exhibited a dichotomous distribution. In patients with uncomplicated fracture union, inducible micromotion was detectable only at baseline—if at all. Conversely, fractures that developed a nonunion were characterized by the continuation of inducible micromotion beyond baseline. Permanent fracture‐site displacement was, on average, nearly an order of magnitude greater than the inducible micromotion. Fracture unions were characterized by the cessation of permanent fracture‐site displacement by 12 weeks. Nonunions presented as outliers in permanent fracture‐site displacement. Large‐scale studies are warranted to evaluate whether the detection of inducible micromotion beyond baseline could serve as an indicator of insufficient fixation stability. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society.
Deep eutectic solvent‐based extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from onion (Allium cepa L.) peel
Authors: Pal Chandra Bhushan T , Jadeja Girirajsinh C 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiomass waste, including fruit and vegetable residues, poses a serious challenge to the environment. This demands novel approaches for handling and disposing of it in a safe manner. However, such waste is extremely rich in bioactive components, which are considered to have a beneficial impact on health. This has led to the recovery of high‐value compounds from biomass waste before finally disposing of it. The present investigation reveals the use of green solvents such as eutectic mixtures composed of choline chloride with three different hydrogen bond donors like sucrose (4:1), urea (1:2), and sorbitol (3:1) as extractants for recovering valuable phenolic antioxidants from onion peel.RESULTSA deep eutectic solvent system consisting of choline chloride:urea (ChCl:urea) showed the best result for total phenolic content from onion peel while the other two eutectic mixtures showed relatively lower extraction efficiency. Experiments were performed with different molar ratios of ChCl:U (1:1–1:3) and liquid–solid ratios (10:1–60:1) under a temperature range (50–90 °C) and a time range (60–150 min). Taguchi's method was employed to maximize the extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from onion peel, resulting in optimal conditions: extraction temperature 60 °C, time 120 min, liquid to solid ratio 50:1 and molar ratio of ChCl:U as 1:2. Under optimum conditions, the corresponding TPC value of the extract was found to be highest at 222.97 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1 dw.CONCLUSIONMajor flavonoids – quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin – were identified and quantified in the extracts. Moreover, high reducing power (PR) value was reported in the case of ChCl:U extract, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was found to be higher in ChCl:So extract. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced bioactivity and efficient delivery of quercetin through nanoliposomal encapsulation using rice bran phospholipids
Authors: Rodriguez Evelyn B , Almeda Ronaniel A , Vidallon Mark Louis P , Reyes Charisse T 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuercetin is a phenolic compound occurring in many food plants and agricultural crops. It is reported to possess various health‐promoting properties. However, the poor bioavailability of quercetin, due to its low aqueous solubility and its degradation during digestion, limits its nutraceutical applications. This study aimed to encapsulate quercetin in nanoliposomes using rice‐bran phospholipids for its efficient delivery and controlled release, the protection of its structural stability, and enhancement of its bioactivity.RESULTSNanoliposomal encapsulation of quercetin by thin film‐sonication method yielded spherical nanoparticles (157.33 ± 23.78 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (84.92 ± 0.78%). Storage stability studies showed that nanoliposomal quercetin was stable at 4 °C and 27 °C for 6 and 5 months, respectively, as indicated by unchanged antioxidant activity and quercetin retention. Nanoliposomal quercetin showed a slow, limited release pattern in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and an initial burst release followed by a slow constant releasing pattern in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). A 1004‐fold increase in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity was observed in quercetin nanoliposomes (SC50 = 4.04 ± 0.01 ppm) compared to non‐encapsulated quercetin (SC50 = 4053.03 ± 5.61 ppm). Similarly, the anti‐angiogenic activity of quercetin, as evaluated by duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, was enhanced twofold to fivefold by nanoliposomal encapsulation.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that nanoliposomal encapsulation in rice‐bran phospholipids enhanced the radical‐scavenging and anti‐angiogenic activities of quercetin. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that nanoliposomes can serve as efficient oral delivery system for quercetin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Monte Carlo and 60Co‐based kilovoltage x‐ray dosimetry methods
Authors: Lawless Michael J. , Dimaso Lianna , Palmer Benjamin , Micka John , Culberson Wesley S. , DeWerd Larry A. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis work seeks to investigate new methods to determine the absorbed dose to water from kilovoltage x rays. Current methods are based on measurements in air and rely on correction factors in order to account for differences between the photon spectrum in air and at depth in phantom, between the photon spectra of the calibration beam and the beam of interest, or in the radiation absorption properties of air and water. This work aims to determine the absorbed dose to water in the NIST‐matched x‐ray beams at the University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory (UWADCL). This will facilitate the use of detectors in terms of dose to water, which will allow for a simpler determination of dose to water in clinical kilovoltage x‐ray beams.Materials and methodsA model of the moderately filtered x‐ray beams at the UWADCL was created using the BEAMnrc user code of the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system. This model was validated against measurements and the dose to water per unit air kerma was calculated in a custom built water tank. Using this value and the highly precise measurement of the air kerma made by the UWADCL, the dose to water was determined in the water tank for the x‐ray beams of interest. The dose to water was also determined using the formalism defined in the report of AAPM Task Group 61 and using a method that makes use of a Co absorbed dose‐to‐water calibration coefficient and a beam quality correction factor to account for differences in beam quality between the Co calibration and kilovoltage x‐ray beam of interest. The dose to water values as determined by these different methods was then compared.ResultsThe BEAMnrc models used in this work produced simulations of transverse and depth dose profiles that agreed with measurements with a 2%/2 mm criteria gamma test. The dose to water as determined from the different methods used here agreed within 3.5% at the surface of the water tank and agreed within 1.8% at a depth of 2 cm in phantom. The dose‐to‐water values all agreed within the associated uncertainties of the methods used in this work. Both the Monte Carlo‐based method and the Co‐based method had a lower uncertainty than the TG‐61 methodology for all of the x‐ray beams used in this work.ConclusionTwo new dose determination methods were used to determine the dose to water in the NIST‐matched x‐ray beams at the UWADCL and they showed good agreement with previously established techniques. Due to the improved Monte Carlo calculation techniques used in this work, both of the methods have lower uncertainties compared to TG‐61. The methods presented in this work compare favorably with calorimetry‐based standards established at other institutions.
Brücken mit Chalkogenen
Authors: Wonner Patrick , Vogel Lukas , Weiss Robert , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractErst seit zwei Jahren nutzen Wissenschaftler intermolekulare Chalkogenbrücken als nichtkovalente Lewis‐Säuren in der Organokatalyse. Zunächst untersuchten sie nur schwefelbasierte, inzwischen auch selen‐ oder tellurhaltige Moleküle. Je nach Edukt lassen sich Reaktionen damit bis zum 34‐Fachen beschleunigen.
Chemische Industrie: Was Digitalisierung bedeutet
Authors: Frauendorfer Eric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVeränderte Infrastruktur, effizientere Prozesse und neue Geschäftsmodelle – die digitale Transformation hat die chemische Industrie erfasst. Projektbeispiele aus dem Wacker‐Konzern zeigen das Potenzial für die Branche.
Elektronische Nase und der Duft von Kaffee
Authors: Wutz Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Analyse komplexer Aromagemische ist in der Laboranalytik bisher mit großem Aufwand verbunden. Eine neue Ionisationstechnik mit kaltem Plasma bringt flüchtige Verbindungen nun ohne Probenvorbereitung ins Massenspektrometer.
Die Pioniere gingen leer aus
Authors: Offermanns Heribert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDer Weg von der Erfindung zur wirtschaftlichen Nutzung ist oft weit. Exemplarisch stehen die Entdecker einiger großtechnischer Oxidationsreaktionen. Sie schufen die Basis für milliardendollarschwere Wertschöpfungsketten. Doch die Patente sind abgelaufen und manche Erfinder sogar weitgehend vergessen.
GDCh‐Absolventenpreis 2018
Authors: Blosat Dominik , Korhammer Siegfried , Naendrup Franz , Pundsack Edgar , Rubner Lena , Schöllhammer Markus , Schönekäs Olaf , Schwerdtfeger Axel , Wessels Matthias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie GDCh hat zum zwölften Mal die Absolventenpreise für die jahrgangsbesten Schulabgänger von Berufs‐ und Berufsfachschulen verliehen.
A lignin‐based flame retardant for improving fire behavior and biodegradation performance of polybutylene succinate
Authors: Chen Si , Lin Shichao , Hu Yan , Ma Meng , Shi Yanqin , Liu Junding , Zhu Feng , Wang Xu 
Published: October 2018

The fast biodegradation rate and inflammability of polybutylene succinate (PBS) severely restrict its applications in many areas. To solve the above problems and broaden its applications, herein, a halogen‐free flame retardant (CP‐lignin) based on lignin was successfully synthesized. After adding 30 wt% CP‐lignin into PBS, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of PBS are remarkably reduced by 27 and 31%, respectively. Additionally, the higher char yield was beneficial to improving the flame retardant properties of PBS. After adding 10 wt% CP‐lignin, the ratio of weight loss is reduced by about 33%, and the ratio of weight loss is decreased gradually as the CP‐lignin loading increases. This research provides a reasonably way to make full use of the lignin and to broaden the application of PBS. At the same time, it also provides a new idea for the production and preparation of completely biodegradable materials.
Fast scanning calorimetry clarifies the understanding of the complex melting and crystallization behavior of polyesteramide multi‐block copolymers
Authors: Sharma Ashwinikumar , Baeza Guilhem P , Imperiali Luna , Appel Wilco PJ , Fitié Carel , Vanden Poel Geert , van Ruymbeke Evelyne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFast scanning calorimetry has been applied in order to understand the phase transitions in thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on well‐defined multi‐block copolymers made of ‘soft’ polytetrahydrofuran and ‘hard’ terephthalate ester diamides. The intrinsically complex chemical structure of TPEs leads to complex phase transitions. By changing their thermal history over a wide range of temperature (from −100 °C to 200 °C) and cooling rates (from 10 to 4000 °C s−1), we clarify the origins of the various phases present in these materials. In particular, we study the different possibilities for the hard segments to associate depending on their mobility during the quenching phase, forming either strong and stable structures or weaker and metastable ones. Besides, we demonstrate that a minimal cooling rate of 800 °C s−1 is necessary to keep these TPEs (made of short and monodisperse hard segments) amorphous leading to a subsequent cold crystallization when heating back, at around 30 °C. Finally, we validate our interpretations by varying the copolymer composition (from 10 wt% to 20 wt% hard segments), revealing the thermal invariance of poorly organized domains. Based on these data, we also discuss the importance of chain diffusion in the crystallization process. Applying fast scanning calorimetry allows us to link fundamental understanding to industrial application. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multifunctional pH‐Responsive Sprayable Hydrogel Based on Chitosan and Lignin‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Weiyan , Lu Jinshun , Dai Lin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultifunctional sprayable hydrogels are widely developed for daily chemical and biomedical application. However, adding functional components and active ingredients is difficult to achieve uniform distribution and controlled release. Here, a new kind of lignin‐based nanoparticles is prepared, which can give hydrogels more functions (anti‐ultraviolet and antioxidant properties) and promote the response of hydrogels to pH stimulus. The nanocomposite hydrogels are engineered using carboxymethyl chitosan (CS) and trans‐resveratrol‐loaded lignin‐based nanoparticles (LRNPs). The rheological, anti‐ultraviolet, and antioxidant properties of the sprayable hydrogel can be fine‐tuned by varying the ratio of lignin‐based nanoparticles. More importantly, the release behavior of the active ingredient can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the pH environment. This work provides a facile approach to fabricate a green and intelligent sprayable hydrogel amenable to a great potential in daily chemical and biomedical area.
Prediction of the operative time for hysteroscopic myomectomy for leiomyomas penetrating the intramural cavity using leiomyoma weight and clinical characteristics of patients
Authors: Isono Wataru , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Sugiyama Ryo , Maruyama Masanori , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo preoperatively predict the operative time (OT) for hysteroscopic myomectomy for G1 or G2 leiomyoma based on leiomyoma weight.MethodsThe data from 544 patients who underwent one‐step hysteroscopic myomectomy were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 340 patients with leiomyoma penetrating the intramural cavity were identified as suitable candidates for calculation of the OT based on leiomyoma weight; we considered leiomyoma weight to be the most objective parameter for evaluating leiomyoma tissues. Additionally, 460 patients with a single leiomyoma were analyzed to estimate the weight of the resected leiomyoma based on its diameter.ResultsConsidering total leiomyoma weight (TLW) and two additional coefficients (1.5: G2 leiomyoma, 0.75: vaginal parity of the patient), we demonstrated that our formula correlated well with OT (R2 = 0.72). TLW also correlated well with the cube of the average diameter (AD) of leiomyomas (R2 = 0.89). Predicting TLW significantly improved the application of specific coefficients depending on its value (1.0: AD 0.1‐2.0 cm, 0.8: AD 2.1‐3.0 cm, 0.7: AD 3.1‐5.7 cm).ConclusionThe OT for hysteroscopic myomectomy of intracavital leiomyoma can be predicted prior to surgery using simple clinical information of the target leiomyoma and the patient.
Sperm cryopreservation: Clinical and fertility outcomes in male oncological patients with germ cell tumors or hematological disorders
Authors: Negoro Hiromitsu , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Nakayama Takahiro , Hatayama Hiroshi , Ogawa Osamu , Ichioka Kentaro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThere is insufficient understanding of the effects of malignant diseases themselves and chemotherapy on semen quality and final fertility outcomes. Here, the authors focused on the patients with malignant diseases who cryopreserved sperm pre‐ or post‐chemotherapy for future fertility, and revealed how clinical settings can affect semen quality and final outcomes.MethodsThe authors reviewed the records of 257 patients with malignant diseases who cryopreserved sperm. Among 257 cases, 113 men with germ cell tumors (GCTs) and 111 men with hematological disorders (HDs) were included in this study. Twenty‐five patients who achieved successful outcomes using cryopreserved sperm were also analyzed.ResultsIn the men with GCTs and HDs, respectively, differences were observed in age (28 vs 27 years), sperm concentration (32.6 vs 46.1 million/mL, P < 0.05), motility (42.2% vs 41.0%), and the rate of cryopreservation before chemotherapy (90% vs 59%, P < 0.0001). For successful pregnancies and deliveries, age at cryopreservation (30.0 vs 35.3 years, P < 0.05) and disease type (12/16 vs 3/9, P < 0.05) were significant factors.ConclusionsCompared to patients with GCTs, those with HDs have a lower pregnancy and delivery rate, even though semen quality is higher. Disease type and age at cryopreservation are significant factors for successful outcomes.
Global urban sustainability assessment: A multidimensional approach
Authors: Shmelev Stanislav E. , Shmeleva Irina A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new strategic direction for greening our cities and making them smart to reduce the environmental impact of their performance, increase employment and economic viability, and to enhance the quality of life requires a thorough assessment of sustainability and smart urban performance. This paper considers a database of over 90 global cities including London, New York, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Sao Paolo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Paris, Berlin, Stockholm, Moscow, Beijing, Seoul, Singapore, Shanghai, Sydney and Tokyo exploring linkages between different sustainability and smart city dimensions. To assess urban sustainability performance, this study applied a multi‐criteria approach using a panel of 20 indicators to a set of 57 global cities. The assessment comprised important aspects of energy transitions, focusing on the drivers of CO2 emissions in cities, including the share of coal in the energy mix, public transport and cycling patterns, waste recycling, the water‐energy nexus, as well as the role of smart and creative economy. The results show that San Francisco leads in economic and environmental priorities, and Stockholm leads in social and smart city priorities. Seoul consistently performs very successfully across the whole spectrum of indicators. We devote considerable attention to the strategies, policies and performance of the leading cities, namely, San Francisco, Stockholm and Seoul. This assessment could be a valuable tool for policy‐makers and investors, and could help identify linkages between different sustainability dimensions, as well as investment opportunities in cities with sustainability potential.
A 14 Eldetalbrücke
Authors: Eitelberger Johannes , Dorrer Günther 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie neue Eldetalbrücke ist ein wichtiger Teil des Lückenschlusses der deutschen Bundesautobahn A 14. Sie besteht aus zwei parallel verlaufenden Teiltragwerken in Stahlverbundbauweise. Die vier Hauptträger der Brücke sind als Stahlhohlkästen ausgebildet, die im Bereich der beiden größten Spannweiten voutenförmig nach unten erweitert sind. Insgesamt liegt die Brücke auf 14 Achsen auf, die aufgrund der schwierigen Baugrundverhältnisse auf Großbohrpfählen gelagert sind. Die zwei Lagerachsen mit den größten Vouten sind als Besonderheit als semi‐integrale Verbundpfeiler ausgebildet, deren Planung und Bau eine Herausforderung für alle Beteiligten darstellten. Zusätzliche Einschränkungen bei der Zugänglichkeit erforderten kreative Lösungen bei der Stahlbaumontage. Mit einer Gesamtlänge von 506 m zählt die fertiggestellte Eldetalbrücke zu den größten Brückenbauwerken in Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern.