bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage for the treatment of instrumented lumbar spine infection
Authors: Yang Shih-Chieh , Chiu Yen-Chun , Chen Hung-Shu , Kao Yu-Hsien , Jou I-Ming , Tu Yuan-Kun 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic debridement and drainage (PEDD) in patients with surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented lumbar fusion. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 patients (6 women and 14 men; average age, 60.1 years) who underwent PEDD at our institute to treat SSI following instrumented lumbar fusion from January 2010 to December 2015. The terminal event, or failure of PEDD treatment, was defined as a shift in treatment methods to open surgery. Risk factors were analyzed to determine their effect on the therapeutic results of PEDD. Clinical outcomes were assessed by careful physical examination, regular serologic testing, and imaging studies to determine whether continued conservative treatment or open surgery was necessary. Results: Causative bacteria was identified in 17 (85%) of the 20 biopsy specimens. Successful infection control through PEDD was identified in 13 patients (65%). Both the visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index significantly improved in these patients. Detection of the causative pathogens was the only risk factor influencing the terminal event in the remaining seven patients (35%). Conclusion: In this study, PEDD was an effective treatment approach for obtaining a bacteriological diagnosis, relieving the patient’s symptoms, and assisting in eradication of SSI following instrumented lumbar fusion. The use of species-specific antibiotics for the offending pathogens appears to be the most important factor to determine the success rate. The indications of this procedure could be extended to treat patients with SSI after instrumented lumbar fusion.
Periarticular injection of tranexamic acid promotes early recovery of the range of knee motion after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hirose Hitoshi , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Matsumoto Kazu , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a commonly used compound that reduces postoperative blood loss. Periarticular injection of TXA is a recently reported procedure with some advantages such as cost-effectiveness and the ease of performance over an intravenous or topical administration. However, its association with functional recovery remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of periarticular injection of TXA on early postoperative recovery of knee functionality after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Eighty-four patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA from February 2013 to August 2016 were classified into two groups based on whether they received TXA injection (44 cases each in the TXA and control groups). Patients in the TXA group received periarticular injection of TXA (1000 mg) just prior to incision closure. Ten-meter walk test (s), pain visual analog scale, knee extension muscle force (N), range of motion (ROM) (maximum flexion angle, maximum extension angle, and motion arc), and blood loss (mL) were assessed. Results: The maximum flexion angle and maximal extension angle on postoperative day (POD) 4, POD7, POD10, and POD14 in the TXA group were significantly larger than those in the control group. The postoperative drained blood in the TXA group was significantly less than that of the control group (543.9 ± 464.3 mL and 814.9 ± 481.4 mL, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the other parameters at any time point. Conclusion: Periarticular injection of TXA significantly promotes early recovery of knee ROM after TKA. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Hamstring Injury Trends in Major and Minor League Baseball: Epidemiological Findings From the Major League Baseball Health and Injury Tracking System
Authors: Okoroha Kelechi R. , Conte Stan , Makhni Eric C. , Lizzio Vincent A. , Camp Christopher L. , Li Bernard , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Hamstring strains are the most common injury for professional baseball players and can result in significant time on the disabled list. To date, no study has reported the current trends in hamstring strains in professional baseball. Hypothesis: Professional baseball players would have an increased incidence of hamstring strains from 2011 through 2016. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury data were prospectively collected from 2011 through 2016 for every Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) team and was recorded in the MLB Health and Injury Tracking System. Data collected for this study included date of injury, activity during injury, time lost, primary injury or reinjury status, and imaging findings as well as player demographic information related to level of play, age, and position for all hamstring injury events. Injury rates were reported as hamstring injuries per number of games. Results: From 2011 to 2016, there were 2633 hamstring strains in professional baseball players. The rate of hamstring strains increased in MLB from a low of 1 injury every 39 games in 2011 to a high of 1 injury every 30 games in 2016. In MiLB, there were 2192 hamstring strains, with 1 injury every 35 games in 2011 compared with 1 injury every 30 games in 2016. The majority of injuries occurred in the infielder positions (37.5%) and resulted from base running (>50%), most commonly from home to first base. The most common hamstring injury was a grade 2 injury to the distal biceps femoris. The mean time missed after a hamstring injury was 14.5 days. Grade 3 and grade 2 hamstring strains resulted in significantly more days missed compared with grade 1 injuries ( P = .005 and P = .002, respectively). The rate of recurrent hamstring injuries was 16.3% for MLB and 14.2% for MiLB. Recurrent hamstring injuries resulted in more time lost than primary injuries (mean, 16.4 vs 14.5 days, respectively; P = .02). A total of 42 injuries were treated with platelet-rich plasma, and 19 were treated with surgery. The number of injuries treated with platelet-rich plasma increased in successive years. Conclusion: The rate of hamstring strains in professional baseball players has increased over the past 6 years and has resulted in a significant loss of playing time. Study results indicated that these injuries are affected by injury characteristics, position played, running to first base, seasonal timing, and history of hamstring injuries.
Outcome Measures After ACL Injury in Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zebis Mette K. , Warming Susan , Pedersen Maria B. , Kraft Marie H. , Magnusson S. Peter , Rathcke Martin , Krogsgaard Michael , Døssing Simon , Alkjær Tine 
Published: July 2019

Background: The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children is increasing. However, no standardized core set of outcome measures exists for evaluating pediatric ACL injuries. Purpose: To perform a scoping review of the literature to identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and objective outcome measures used to evaluate pediatric patients after ACL injury and to classify these in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) domains. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The literature was systematically searched with the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro databases. The inclusion criteria were Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, German, or English language; publication between 2010 and 2018; pediatric ACL injury (patients ≤15 years old); and outcome measures. The selected papers were screened for title, abstract, and full text in accordance with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A total of 68 papers (4286 patients; mean ± SD age, 12.2 ± 2.3 years) were included. Nineteen PROMs and 11 objective outcome measures were identified. The most frequently reported PROMs were the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form (51% of studies), Lysholm scoring scale (46% of studies) and Tegner activity rating scale (37% of studies). Additionally, return to sport was reported in 41% of studies. The most frequent objective measures were knee laxity (76% of studies), growth disturbances (69% of studies), range of motion (41% of studies), and muscle strength (21% of studies). With respect to the ICF domains, the IKDC covered all 3 ICF health domains, the Lysholm score covered the Body Structure and Function and the Activity Limitation domains, while the Tegner score covered the Participation Restriction domain. Objectively measured knee joint laxity, range of motion, and muscle strength covered 1 domain (Body Structure and Function). Conclusion: Pediatric patients with ACL injury were mainly evaluated subjectively with the IKDC and objectively by knee joint laxity. No consensus exists in the evaluation of children after ACL injury. The majority of applied outcome measures are developed for adults. To cover the ICF health domains, future research needs to consider reliable and valid outcome measures relevant for pediatric patients with ACL injury.
Grain-scale distribution of molybdenite polytypes versus rhenium contents: μXRD and EBSD data
Authors: Plotinskaya Olga Y. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Najorka Jens , Kovalchuk Elena V. , Seltmann Reimar , Spratt John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMolybdenite from two porphyry copper mineralisation sites within the South Urals was studied by electron microprobe (EMPA), micro x-ray diffraction (μXRD) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) methods. Elevated contents of rhenium (0.2 to 0.4, sometimes up to 1.1 wt.%) form linear zones from several to tens of micrometres wide and up to hundreds of micrometres long parallel to the elongation of molybdenite flakes. In most cases Re-rich zones are composed of the rhombohedral (3R) polytype of molybdenite, while the rest of the molybdenite flakes with ca. 0.1 wt.% of Re consist of hexagonal (2H) molybdenite. In rare cases Re-rich zones are confined to grain boundaries of molybdenite-2H. It is shown that both μXRD and EBSD are the most appropriate tools to distinguish different polytypes within a single grain of molybdenite.
Interplay between HGAL and Grb2 proteins regulates B-cell receptor signaling
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Lu Xiaoqing , Zhang Yu , Lacaria Leda , Schuchardt Brett J. , Mikles David C. , Magistri Marco , García-Ramírez Idoia , Sanchez-Garcia Isidro , Farooq Amjad , Verdun Ramiro E. , Abdulreda Midhat H. , Moy Vincent T. , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Human germinal center (GC)–associated lymphoma (HGAL) is an adaptor protein expressed in GC B cells. HGAL regulates cell motility and B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, processes that are central for the successful completion of the GC reaction. Herein, we demonstrate phosphorylation of HGAL by Syk and Lyn kinases at tyrosines Y80, Y86, Y106Y107, Y128, and Y148. The HGAL YEN motif (amino acids 107-109) is similar to the phosphopeptide motif pYXN used as a binding site to the growth factor receptor–bound protein 2 (Grb2). We demonstrate by biochemical and molecular methodologies that HGAL directly interacts with Grb2. Concordantly, microscopy studies demonstrate HGAL-Grb2 colocalization in the membrane central supramolecular activation clusters (cSMAC) following BCR activation. Mutation of the HGAL putative binding site to Grb2 abrogates the interaction between these proteins. Further, this HGAL mutant localizes exclusively in the peripheral SMAC and decreases the rate and intensity of BCR accumulation in the cSMAC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Grb2, HGAL, and Syk interact in the same complex, but Grb2 does not modulate the effects of HGAL on Syk kinase activity. Overall, the interplay between the HGAL and Grb2 regulates the magnitude of BCR signaling and synapse formation.
The relation between reflection and the quality of a preschool teacher’s education performance
Authors: Syslová Zora 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many developed countries have been concentrating lately on the quality of preschool education. Generally, what is considered one of the most important aspects of quality preschool education is quality teaching performance, which has been focused on in many research studies. Research also investigates the level of reflection in preschool teachers, especially in relation to their professional development. However, none of the research studies have, so far, focused on observing the relationship between the two phenomena. We carried out a multiple case study to investigate the relationship between the quality of reflection and the quality of teachers´ performance. Eight pre-primary teachers were video-recorded in their work, and subsequently, in-depth interviews were conducted. During the interviews, we used stimulated recall over selected video sequences, focusing specifically on selected aims of education. The findings indicate that teachers with a higher quality of reflection reached higher quality in the selected areas of teachers’ performance. The results also showed that the teachers with a university degree reached higher quality performance. The findings can contribute to the discussion on the professional development support of preschool teachers and can initiate a discussion on the need to examine the university preparation programmes for these teachers.
Risk of Hypoxemia by Induction Technique Among Infants and Neonates Undergoing Pyloromyotomy
Authors: Park Raymond S. , Rattana-arpa Sirirat , Peyton James M. , Huang Jia , Kordun Anna , Cravero Joseph P. , Zurakowski David , Kovatsis Pete G. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:
In patients presenting for pyloromyotomy, most practitioners prioritize rapid securement of the airway due to concern for aspiration. However, there is a lack of consensus and limited evidence on the choice between rapid sequence induction (RSI) and modified RSI (mRSI).

METHODS:
The medical records of all patients presenting for pyloromyotomy from May 2012 to December 2018 were reviewed. The risk of hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation [Spo
2], <90%) during induction was compared between RSI and mRSI cohorts for all patients identified as well as in the neonate subgroup by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Complications (aspiration, intensive care unit admission, bradycardia, postoperative stridor, and hypotension) and initial intubation success for both cohorts were also compared.

RESULTS:
A total of 296 patients were identified: 181 in the RSI and 115 in the mRSI cohorts. RSI was associated with significantly higher rates of hypoxemia than mRSI (RSI, 30% [23%–37%]; mRSI, 17% [10%–24%]; P = .016). In multivariable logistic regression analysis of all patients, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of hypoxemia for RSI versus mRSI was 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5–5.3; P = .003) and the OR of hypoxemia for multiple versus a single intubation attempt was 11.4 (95% CI, 5.8–22.5; P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis of neonatal subgroup, the OR of hypoxemia for RSI versus mRSI was 6.5 (95% CI, 2.0–22.2; P < .001) and the OR of hypoxemia for multiple intubation versus single intubation attempts was 18.1 (95% CI, 4.7–40; P < .001). There were no induction-related complications in either the RSI and mRSI cohorts, and the initial intubation success rate was identical for both cohorts (78%).

CONCLUSIONS:
In infants presenting for pyloromyotomy, anesthetic induction with mRSI compared with RSI was associated with significantly less hypoxemia without an observed increase in aspiration events. In addition, the need for multiple intubation attempts was a strong predictor of hypoxemia. The increased risk of hypoxemia associated with RSI and multiple intubation attempts was even more pronounced in neonatal patients.
MKL1 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer and promotes nodal metastasis
Authors: Cheng Xian , Xu Shichen , Pan Jie , Zheng Jiangxia , Wang Xiaowen , Yu Huixin , Bao Jiandong , Xu Yong , Guan Haixia , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common thyroid malignancy, has a strong propensity for cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM), which increases the risk of locoregional recurrence and decreases survival probability in some high-risk groups. Hence, there is a pressing requirement for a reliable biomarker to predict LNM in thyroid cancer. In the present study, MKL1 (also known as MRTFA) expression was significantly increased in PTC patients with LNM compared with those without. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that MKL1 expression had a diagnostic value in the differentiation of LNM in PTC. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that high MKL1 expression was associated with significantly decreased survival in PTC. Additionally, our study indicated that MKL1 promoted the migration and invasion of PTC cells. MKL1 interacted with and recruited Smad3 to the promoter of MMP2 to activate MMP2 transcription upon treatment with TGF-β. Moreover, there was significant correlation between expression of TGF-β, MKL1 and MMP2 in our clinical cohort of specimens from individuals with PTC. Our results suggest that the detection of MKL1 expression could be used to predict cervical LNM and inform post-operative follow-up in individuals with PTC.
Introduction to Genomic Analysis Workshop: A catalyst for engaging life-science researchers in high throughput analysis
Authors: Richmond Phillip A. , Wasserman Wyeth W. 
Published: July 2019

Researchers in the life sciences are increasingly faced with the task of obtaining compute resources and training to analyze large, high-throughput technology generated datasets. As demand for compute resources has grown, high performance computing (HPC) systems have been implemented by research organizations and international consortiums to support academic researchers. However, life science researchers lack effective time-of-need training resources for utilization of these systems. Current training options have drawbacks that inhibit the effective training of researchers without experience in computational analysis. We identified the need for flexible, centrally-organized, easily accessible, interactive, and compute resource specific training for academic HPC use. In our delivery of a modular workshop series, we provided foundational training to a group of researchers in a coordinated manner, allowing them to further pursue additional training and analysis on compute resources available to them. Efficacy measures indicate that the material was effectively delivered to a broad audience in a short time period, including both virtual and on-site students. The practical approach to catalyze academic HPC use is amenable to diverse systems worldwide.
Association between umbilical cord hygiene and neonatal sepsis among neonates presenting to a primary care facility in Nairobi County, Kenya: a case-control study
Authors: Moraa Phoebe K. , Mweu Marshal M. , Njoroge Peter K. 
Published: July 2019

Background:Three-quarters of all annual neonatal deaths in developing countries are attributable to neonatal sepsis. In primary care settings, poor cord hygiene due to improper handling of the infant’s cord is a major contributor to the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. The objective of this study was to describe the umbilical cord practices among mothers attending a primary care facility, assess the relationship between umbilical cord hygiene and neonatal sepsis, its impact on the population, as well as the influence of other neonatal and maternal factors on this relationship.Methods:A case-control study was conducted to assess the umbilical cord hygiene-neonatal sepsis relationship among neonates attending a primary care facility between August and October 2018. All cases were selected, while controls were systematically random sampled, as per study eligibility criteria. Exposure variables were summarized using descriptive statistics. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to evaluate the association between umbilical cord hygiene and neonatal sepsis adjusting for the effect of potential confounders. Subsequently, a population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated.Results:The proportion of mothers with improper hygiene was 35.3%: 72.1% among the cases and 16.3% among the controls’ caregivers. The odds of neonatal sepsis were 13 times higher (OR=13.24; 95% CI: [7.5; 23.4]) among infants whose caregivers had improper hygiene compared to those who had proper hygiene. None of the neonatal and maternal covariates confounded the umbilical cord hygiene-neonatal sepsis association. This odds ratio gave a PAF of 66.7% (95% CI: 62.5; 69.0).Conclusions:Improper cord hygiene is prevalent in this low resource setting. Improper cord hygiene has a strong positive association with neonatal sepsis. Observing good cord care practices could avert up to 67% of newborn infections. This calls for inclusion of comprehensive cord care practices in the antenatal care educational package.
The validation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the effect of freeze-thaw cycles of serum on the stability of cortisol and testosterone concentrations in Aceh cattle
Authors: Gholib Gholib , Wahyuni Sri , Akmal Muslim , Hasan Muhammad , Agil Muhammad , Purwantara Bambang 
Published: July 2019

Background: To obtain accurate measurements of cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) in Aceh cattle, commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits need to be carefully validated. Moreover, repeated freeze-thaw cycles during the storage of the samples may affect the stability of the hormones in the serum. Here, we test the reliability of C and T concentration measurements in the serum of Aceh cattle, obtained using commercial C and T ELISA kits designed to measure human C and T concentrations. Further, we evaluate the effect of repeated freeze-thaw cycles on the stability of C and T concentrations in the serum. Methods: Commercial C (Cat. no. EIA-1887) and T (Cat. no. EIA-1559) ELISA kits from DRG Instruments GmbH were validated through an analytical validation test (i.e., parallelism, accuracy, and precision) and a biological validation test (for C: effect of transportation on the C excretion; for T: the concentrations of T between bulls and cows). To test the effects of freeze-thaw cycles, cattle serum was subjected to the following treatments: (i) remained frozen at -20OC (control group); (ii) exposed to freeze-thaw cycles for two, four, six, and eight times (test groups). Results: Parallelism, accuracy, and precision tests showed that both C and T ELISA kits adequately measured C and T in the serum of Aceh cattle. Concentrations of C post-transportation were significantly higher than pre-transportation (p<0.05). Concentrations of T in bulls were significantly higher than in cows (p<0.05). After four to eight freeze-thaw cycles, C concentrations were significantly lower compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). In contrast, T concentrations remained stable (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Commercial C (EIA-1887) and T (EIA-1559) ELISA kits are reliable assays for measuring serum C and T, respectively, in Aceh cattle. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles significantly affected the stability of serum C, but did not for T.
Silver Diamine Fluoride: a critical review and treatment recommendations
Authors: Patel Jilen , Anthonappa Robert P , King Nigel M 
Published: July 2019

Over the last decade there has been a renewed interest in the use of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) as an adjunctive modality in the management of caries among high-risk populations. This review presents the current evidence behind the use of SDF and recommendations for its use in caries management dental practice. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Silver diamine fluoride is an effective, evidence-based modality that can contribute towards arresting carious lesions among high-risk children and disadvantaged populations.