bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Сосудистые растения Иовского плато (Северный Урал)
Authors: Pismarkina E.V. , Knyasev M.S. , Bystrushkin A.G. 
Published: June 2019

Проведена инвентаризация видового состава Иовского плато – урочища на стыке Конжаковского и Серебрянского хребтов Северного Урала (Свердловская область, Российская Федерация). Изученное горное плато является одним из наиболее насыщенных редкими охраняемыми видами растений ландшафтов Северного Урала. В результате полевых исследований, просмотра гербария и анализа литературных источников на Иовском плато зарегистировано 156 видов, подвидов и нотовидов сосудистых растений, в том числе 2 вида из Красной книги Российской Федерации (Rhodiola rosea, Saussurea uralensis) и 14 видов из Красной книги Свердловской области. Два вида, Botrychium lanceolatum и Saussurea × igoschinae, рекомендованы к внесению в новое издание Красной книги Свердловской области (Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Sverdlovskoi oblasti, 2018). В связи с разработкой полезных ископаемых и сторительством дороги ландшафт урочища нуждается в охране.
Surgical and medical treatments for discogenic low back radiculopathy
Authors: Ivanova M. A. , Parfenov V. A. , Isaikin A. O. 
Published: June 2019

Objective: to compare the efficiency of medical and surgical treatments for discogenic low back radiculopathy.Patients and methods. 32 patients (including 13 men; mean age, 39.1±11.8 years) received inpatient medical treatment with epidural glucocorticoids; 32 patients (including 19 men; mean age. 42.3±12.1 years) had surgical treatment (removal of a herniated disk). A questionnaire [numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index, and quality of life questionnaire (QOL), SF-12] survey was carried out on admission to the clinic, after 7–14 days during treatment (pain intensity and functional status), and after 3, 6, and 12 months.Results and discussion. There were no clinical differences between the patient groups at baseline. Both groups showed a significant decrease in pain intensity and reduced disability after 7–14 days of treatment, with a persistent positive effect over 12 months (p < 0.01). During a year, both groups exhibited better quality of life (p < 0.01). In the surgical treatment group, leg pain intensity was noted to become lower in the early stages (NPRS scores were 0.97 vs 2.41 after 7–14 days and 0.84 vs 1.56 scores after 3 months; p < 0.05); however, this advantage did not persist in the long-term. No significant differences were found between the groups in back pain intensity, disability, and QOL indicators throughout the follow-up period.Conclusion. There were no significant clinical differences between patients with discogenic low back radiculopathy who are referred to hospital for surgical or medical treatment. Surgery makes it possible to reduce more rapidly the intensity of leg pain; however, no benefits of surgical treatment in terms of back pain intensity, disability, and QOL are noted. It is advisable to inform patients about the favorable course of the disease and the possibility of natural regression of disc herniation.
PERTARUNGAN WACANA REPRESENTASI PADA SPANDUK KAMPANYE PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2018
Authors: Gama Betty 
Published: June 2019

Abstrak. Salah satu media yang digunakan untuk mengenalkan sosok kandidat kepala daerah adalah media luar ruang, misalnya spanduk. Media luar ruang yang dimaksud di sini adalah spanduk yang dipasang di jalan-jalan Kota Surakarta dengan menggunakan bahasa Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertarungan wacana representasi pada media luar ruang kampanye pemilihan Gubernur Jawa Tengah, yang terdiri dari pasangan Ganjar Pranowo-Taj Yasin dan Sudirman Said-Ida Fauziyah. Representasi pada media luar ruang yang ditampilkan oleh para politikus menjelang pemilihan gubernur Jawa Tengah tahun 2018 menarik untuk diteliti dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode analisis wacana kritis (critical discourse analysis /CDA). Metode ini akan melibatkan kajian mengenai apa yang sebenarnya ada di balik teks spanduk para politikus yang dipasang di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis wacana kritis dari Norman Fairclough. Pada dasarnya, Fairclough menggunakan prinsip 3 dimensi dalam analisisnya, yaitu teks, praktik diskursus, dan praktik sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spanduk pasangan Ganjar Pranowo-Taj Yasin lebih menekankan pada pemberian janji-janji untuk tidak melakukan korupsi dan membohongi masyarakat, sedangkan spanduk pasangan Sudirman Said-Ida Fauziyah lebih menekankan pada identitas sebagai seorang muslimin dan muslimat dan berjanji akan membangun provinsi Jawa Tengah, supaya masyarakat dapat hidup mulia. Penggunaan teks dalam spanduk kampanye dengan menggunakan bahasa daerah sangat tepat dilakukan untuk menarik simpati masyarakat setempat. Persamaan antara kandidat politik dan pemberi suara potensial dalam kondisi yang homophily memungkinkan seseorang untuk memberikan pilihannya secara sukarela.
Ações afirmativas e estereótipos sociais: Desconstruindo o mito da inferioridade cotista
Authors: Souza Eloisio Moulin de 
Published: June 2019

Ações afirmativas que visam promover o acesso de grupos considerados minoritários nas universidades são importantes para o combate de desigualdades estruturais e promoção de justiça social. Entretanto, apesar de sua importância, as ações afirmativas são frequentemente questionadas por determinados grupos sociais, principalmente grupos socialmente privilegiados, que defendem que tais políticas não são meritocráticas, constituindo estereótipos direcionados a alunos cotistas e não cotistas. Assim, este artigo analisa os possíveis estereótipos direcionados a estudantes cotistas do curso de administração de uma universidade federal brasileira. Para tanto se realizou uma pesquisa qualitativa com a realização de 38 entrevistas semiestruturadas com alunos cotistas e não cotistas do curso de administração e análise documental. Observa-se no discurso dos alunos a construção do mito da inferioridade intelectual e acadêmica de alunos cotistas, constituindo estereótipos sociais que fundamentam a construção de uma identidade essencial sobre quem são os cotistas. Entretanto, existem espaços para resistência e a análise documental do desempenho dos alunos, bem como os discursos dos mesmos, desconstroem o mito da inferioridade cotista e os estereótipos atribuídos a eles. Portanto, para se evitar a construção de estereótipos defende-se que ações afirmativas devam ser concebidas dentro de uma lógica identitária não essencial.
Philosophy today: cries of alarm and prospects of progress
Authors: Parrini Paolo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Today’s critical state of philosophy is examined by considering two of its aspects: the way in which philosophy presently is ever more typically practised (increasing professionalism and specialisation) and the new challenges it has to face to keep up with the changed scientific, and more generally cultural and social context. The essay outlines some prospects of progress in the light of those which still now can be considered the proper tasks of philosophical inquiry. Such tasks are singled out through an historical survey of the original characters of philosophy and an appraisal of its theoretical motivations. The importance of the history of philosophy and the necessity of achieving a virtuous relation among the various philosophical disciplines are stressed to contrast the dangers of excess specialisation and professionalism.
Implementation of Power Law Network Models of Epidemic Surveillance Data for Better Evaluation of Outbreak Detection Alarms
Authors: Romanescu Razvan G. , Deardon Rob 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Properties of statistical alarms have been well studied for simple disease surveillance models, such as normally distributed incidence rates with a sudden or gradual shift in mean at the start of an outbreak. It is known, however, that outbreak dynamics in human populations depend significantly on the heterogeneity of the underlying contact network. The rate of change in incidence for a disease such as influenza peaks early on during the outbreak, when the most highly connected individuals get infected, and declines as the average number of connections in the remaining susceptible population drops. Alarm systems currently in use for detecting the start of influenza seasons generally ignore this mechanism of disease spread, and, as a result, will miss out on some early warning signals. We investigate the performance of various alarms on epidemics simulated from an undirected network model with a power law degree distribution for a pathogen with a relatively short infectious period. We propose simple custom alarms for the disease system considered, and show that they can detect a change in the process sooner than some traditional alarms. Finally, we test our methods on observed rates of influenza-like illness from two sentinel providers (one French, one Spanish) to illustrate their use in the early detection of the flu season.
The Modern Randomized Clinical Trial: Is it Time to Sharpen a Blunt Instrument?
Authors: Wittes Janet Turk 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In spite of the obvious differences in the diseases under study, designs of trials of prevention of HIV and cardiovascular disease share some common features. A trial of prevention should identify a population at risk for the disease; it should have a clearly defined, clinically important, outcome; it should be large enough to have sufficient power to detect an effect of public health importance; and participants should be followed long enough for the effect of the intervention to become manifest (but the trial should not take so long as to render the intervention no longer of interest). Many cardiovascular prevention studies have been large, simple, randomized trials leading to easily interpretable results. This paper urges that designers of trials of HIV prevention should consider mimicking the strategies used in cardiovascular disease prevention trials: focus on a clear inferential path to the question being asked while limiting unnecessary data collection, auditing, and complexity. Finally, showing benefit in a trial is only the first step in reducing the burden of disease: aggressive, effective efforts at educating the population at risk so they will implement the intervention is essential to improvement in public health.
Electronic Democracy in Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine. Patterns and Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Khutkyy Dmytro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, numerous e-participation opportunities have emerged. Their scope and impact vary across countries. This contribution reviews the performance of observed e-democracy initiatives in Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova, based on expert interviews, content analysis of online cases, and related self-reported statistics. The studied countries demonstrate a wide spectrum of e-democracy forms, tools, their usage rates, and influences on policy making. Belarus has the fewest e-participation opportunities, Moldova has more tools but little e-participation, while Ukraine has a more functional version of digital democracy in terms of numbers of available e-participation formats, instruments, their usage rates, and impact on public policy.
Thermally stimulated oxygen desorption in Sr2FeMoO6-δ
Authors: Kalanda N. A. 
Published: June 2019

Polycrystalline Sr2FeMoO6-δ specimens have been obtained by solid state synthesis from partially reduced SrFeO2.52 and SrMoO4 precursors. It has been shown that during oxygen desorption from the Sr2FeMoO6-δ compound in polythermal mode in a 5%H2/Ar gas flow at different heating rates, the oxygen index 6–δ depends on the heating rate and does not achieve saturation at T = 1420 K. Oxygen diffusion activation energy calculation using the Merzhanov method has shown that at an early stage of oxygen desorption from the Sr2FeMoO6-δ compound the oxygen diffusion activation energy is the lowest Еа = 76.7 kJ/mole at δ = 0.005. With an increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies, the oxygen diffusion activation energy grows to Еа = 156.3 kJ/mole at δ = 0.06. It has been found that the dδ/dt = f(Т) AND dδ/dt = f(δ) functions have a typical break which allows one to divide oxygen desorption in two process stages. It is hypothesized that an increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies V ·· leads to their mutual interaction followed by ordering in the Fe/Mo–O1 crystallographic planes with the formation of various types of associations.
Коммодификация природы: национальный парк «Ладожские шхеры»
Authors: Осипов Александр Юрьевич , Ляхтээнмяки Мария , Илмолахти Оона , Карху Яни 
Published: June 2019

Цитирование: Осипов А.Ю., Ляхтээнмяки М., Илмолахти О., Карху Я. (2019) Коммодификация природы: национальный парк «Ладожские шхеры» // Мир России. Т. 28. № 3. С. 113–131. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-3-113-131
В статье исследуются проблемы коммодификации природы Северного Приладожья и мнения участников событий относительно использования природных ресурсов. Судьба уникальных природных ландшафтов, подвергшихся серьезному антропогенному воздействию, стала предметом длительной дискуссии между властями разных уровней, учеными и местными жителями. Создание национального парка «Ладожские шхеры» явилось не только гарантом сохранения природного комплекса, но и затронуло права местных жителей, объединившихся против этой идеи. На основании широкого круга неопубликованных документов, интервью и данных интернет-форумов авторы демонстрируют, как природные ландшафты Северного Приладожья выступают в качестве визуальных объектов, при этом экотуризм принимает на себя роль инструмента коммодификации. Наряду с этим, местные жители рассматривают эту территорию как жизненное пространство и объект материального потребления. Таким образом, ситуация вокруг национального парка представляется классическим примером противоречия между коллективным и индивидуальным. Анализ ответов респондентов приводит авторов к выводу, что суть конфликта заключается не только в разных способах коммодификации природы. Национальный парк нарушает невидимые границы жизненного пространства, выстроенные местными жителями, и является инородной структурой. Авторы показывают, как данная проблема выходит на политический уровень, где противники парка терпят поражение, при этом сам конфликт остается неурегулированным.
Конструирование образа антиалкогольной политики России в новостных медиа: риторика преодоления пьянства и контрриторические стратегии
Authors: Белова Юлия Юрьевна 
Published: June 2019

Цитирование: Белова Ю.Ю. (2019) Конструирование образа антиалкогольной политики России в новостных медиа: риторика преодоления пьянства и контрриторические стратегии // Мир России. Т. 28. № 3. С. 155–175. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-3-155-175
В статье с позиций социального конструкционизма анализируются особенности создания новостными медиа образа антиалкогольной политики России. Тема исследования разворачивается от анализа риторики преодоления тяжелого пьянства как узкого аспекта алкоголизации населения к поиску стратегий контрриторики, связанных с антиалкогольными мерами государства. На основе результатов количественного (N=37903) и качественного (N=10002) контент-анализа тематических сообщений новостных медиа и их заголовков за 2016–2017 гг., произведенного с помощью информационно-аналитической системы «Медиалогия», построена авторская типология контрриторических стратегий в отношении антиалкогольной политики. Типология включает стратегии: 1) иронизации, связанной с высмеиванием мер преодоления алкоголизации населения, 2) вульгаризации, направленной на упрощение и искажение их смысла, 3) советизации, способствующей формированию ассоциативных связей современной антиалкогольной политики с горбачевской антиалкогольной кампанией, 4) мифологизации, культивирующей вымышленные представления об эффективности антиалкогольной политики, 5) гиперболизации, эксплуатирующей преувеличенные суждения о ней, 6) десакрализации, обесценивающей ее смыслы, и 7) патологизации, придающей сомнительность адекватности реализации антиалкогольных мер. Среди результатов исследования следует выделить анализ лейтмотивов сообщений новостных медиа и контрриторических стратегий, произведенный с помощью методологии П. Ибарры и Дж. Китсьюза. Сделан вывод, что используемая в СМИ контрриторика создает отчуждающий и даже катастрофический образ антиалкогольной политики. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о наличии противоречия между риторикой преодоления тяжелого пьянства рестриктивными мерами и отчуждающим образом рестриктивной антиалкогольной политики государства. Основным выводом является то, что контрриторические стратегии, драматизирующие пути решения проблемы тяжелого пьянства, формируют восприятие фатальности процесса алкоголизации населения.
From Modernization to Import Substitution: Perspectives on State Development ‘from Above’ and ‘from Below’
Authors: Бизюкова Ольга Владимировна 
Published: June 2019

Citation: Biziukova V. (2019) From Modernization to Import Substitution: Perspectives on State Development ‘from Above’ and ‘from Below’. Mir Rossii, vol. 28, no 3, pp. 67–87. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-3-67-87
This paper focuses on the policies of the embargo and import substitution in the context of previous state projects of socio-economic development in Russia. It explores how the country’s development, its means and objectives, are envisaged by the state and members of the new middle classes. In particular, this study inquires into the meanings and interpretations of ‘modernization’ and puts this concept into the context of broader theoretical debates. The paper follows the discussion on the ‘modernization’ and ‘neo-modernization’ paradigms and demonstrates how the term has acquired a primarily instrumental meaning as part of an increasingly particularistic project of socio-political development embraced by the Russian state. The analysis traces how this state vision resonates with, and differs from, the perspectives of the new middle classes on state development, in particular, the wide-spread sympathies towards ‘technocratic’ governance. Finally, it discusses the political implications of these interpretations and the ways they shape the enactment of the new policies ‘on the ground’.
Раздельный сбор бытовых отходов в России: уровень, факторы и потенциал включения населения
Authors: Шабанова Марина Андриановна 
Published: June 2019

Цитирование: Шабанова М.А. (2019) Раздельный сбор бытовых отходов в России: уровень, факторы и потенциал включения населения // Мир России. Т. 28. № 3. С. 88–112. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-3-88-112
В статье по результатам двух репрезентативных исследований (2014 г., 2017 г.) представлены данные об уровнях реального и потенциального включения россиян в практику раздельного сбора бытовых отходов (РСБО). С помощью аппарата мультиномиальной логит-регрессии определены факторы, влияющие на попадание индивидов в группы с разной позицией в отношении РСБО. Показано, что, хотя потенциал энтузиастов-первопроходцев практически исчерпан, заявления о неготовности массовых групп россиян к этой практике являются мифом. При этом потенциальные участники предъявляют более сложные запросы на условия своего вхождения в данную практику. На этой основе делается вывод о потенциале и мерах по расширению участия россиян в РСБО.
Characteristic features of maxillofacial phlegmon morbidity with assessment of efficiency of detoxication therapy
Authors: Boev I. A. , Godovalov A. P. , Shtraube G. I. , Antakov G. I. 
Published: June 2019

Aim. To study the characteristic features of long-term facial phlegmon morbidity in Perm Krai with assessment of the efficiency of infusion therapy using indices of endogenous intoxication expression.
Materials and methods. Manifestations of epidemic process of facial phlegmons were studied on the basis of a detailed retrospective analysis of sickness rate among the inhabitants of Perm Krai for the period of 2011–2016. In group 1, all patients besides standard therapy, underwent infusion therapy, and in group 2 – standard therapy alone. Prior to and after the therapy, peripheral blood cellular composition was assessed, and leukocytic indices of intoxication were calculated.
Results. A long-term dynamics of facial phlegmon morbidity was established to show the irregularity of process expression according to years. Growth of the quantity of patients is provided by increase in the number of cases with complicated forms. Besides, males play a significant role in formation of sickness rate: the chances for the development of phlegmon among them are 1.49 times higher than in females. In the age structure of morbidity, prevail persons aged 21–30 and 31–50. A half of patients have endogenous intoxication. The course of infusion therapy essentially reduces the expression of endogenous intoxication.
Conclusions. There is observed a tendency to growth of facial phlegmon morbidity that is probably connected with changes in etiological structure of pathogenic agents as well as with formation of pathosymbiosis of some opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms. As a rule, phlegmon is being developed against the background of endogenous intoxication, conditioned by both microbial metabolites and tissue destruction products. The efficiency of correction of endogenous intoxication using infusion therapy is shown.
Changes in growth characteristics and biofilm-forming activity of Escherichia coli with cholesterol available
Authors: Bykova L. P. , Trapeznikov Ya. P. , Godovalov A. P. 
Published: June 2019

Aim.To assess the growth properties and formation of E. сoli biofilms with different concentrations of cholesterol available.
Materials and methods. E. coli strains were cultivated in the meat-peptone broth with cholesterol added in the concentration of 3, 5, 7 and 9 mmol/l as well as in the nutrient medium without cholesterol. The growth parameters and cholesterol concentration in the samples prior to and after cultivating microorganisms and the effect of cholesterol on biofilm-forming activity of E. coli was determined.
Results. Cholesterol was shown to have no bactericidal effect on E. coli, however, it is able to change the duration of growth phases of the strains that is, possibly, caused by adaptation to the presence of cholesterol and switching of metabolic pathways. Cholesterol has a stimulating effect on accumulation of biomass by the test-strain and its biofilm-forming activity.
Conclusions. In the study performed, the ability of E. coli to metabolize human cholesterol was shown.