bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nano Fluid on Interfacial Tension oil/water and Wettability Alteration of limestone
Authors: Jalil Rana R , Hussein Husseinq 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nano materials have a great potential for enhanced oil recovery applications. The present research investigated the effect of nanoparticles on interfacial tension and wettability alteration. The silica oxide nanoparticles with different size 52, 65 and 5nm were used. The wettability alteration was evaluated by dipping the limestone rock in different concentrations of Nano silica (0.01-1wt. %) for a certain silica size suspended in salinity water. Measurements performed in three phase system (oil/water/solid) using pandel droplet and sessile drop method respectively by opitical-tensiometer. Results showed that Nano fluid can significantly reduce contact angle and alterated rock wettability with increasing Nano-silica concentration due to their high surface area in which make it more reactive, yielding the best results when using 0.01 wt.% Nano silica that decreased contact angle to (29°, 59°, 69°, 26°) for 10, 52, 65nm Nano silica size and modified Nano silica respectively for gas / liquid / solid system. in addition, for liquid / liquid/solid system, 0.01 wt.% Nano silica was decreased contact angle to (32°, 36°, 41°, 30°), interfacial tension to (2.26, 2.8, 3, 3.6Nm) for 10, 52, 65nm Nano silica size and modified Nano silica respectively, Interfacial tension decreased with increasing Nano silica concentration, but NPs size have slightly effect on interfacial tension.
Removal of mixture of phenolic compounds from aqueous solution by tire char adsorption
Authors: Abdul Ameer Abeer M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of the pyrolysis products from waste tires. Pyrolysis was meted out at (400-800°C) for 2 hr in absence of oxygen. The yield of char range from (0.479 - 0.3104). By chemical treatment of char with NaOH solution the modified char was produced. The physical and chemical properties were studied (optimum temperature, proximate analysis and Boehm titration for surface functional groups) for original and modified chars. Isotherm for pure and multicomponent system for three components (phenol, 4-aminophenol and 4-chlorophenol) were studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to describe the sorption of phenolic compounds for single-solute isotherms and the modified extended Langmuir and extended Freundlich gave information results for competitive system. Langmuir model was the best fit for experimental results. The capability of the studied char to adsorb phenols were in the order: 4-chlorophenol > 4-aminophenol > phenol.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Using Simplified Hummer’s Method for Antibacterial Application
Authors: Mohammad M. R. , Abdul Hussien Adi M. , Ghanim Russel R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In order to promote the biological applications of graphene based materials, great exploration for nano-scale preparation of graphene oxide (GO) has been made with a novel facile processing method and low cost. For these reasons this method has been carried out in the following study. The GO nanosheets have been prepared depending on Hummer’s method, which represents an easy and efficient technique since 1958. Alternations have been done to simplify this method in order to prepare the GO with a novel way without a need to add NaNO3. Also this preparation has been achieved at room temperature without a need to water bath at temperatures of 35 °C and 98 °C. Structural and morphological properties and contents of the synthesis nanosheets were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and EDS techniques, respectively. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO nansheets against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. Bacteriological test were achieved by colony forming units (CFUs) assay. CFUs assay has ensured potential of GO as an anti-infective agent for controlling the growth of two spices of bacteria. The results have showed that Gram-positive were more effective by nanosheets than Gram-negative.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Organic Frameworks for Gas Storage
Authors: Kareem Huda Merza , Abd Alrubaye Rana Th. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This research demonstrates the preparation of a metal-organic framework (MOF-199) using the solvothermal method. The solvothermal conditions for synthesis and activation were investigated by changing the synthesis time (24 - 48 h), the solvothermal temperatures (85 and 100 °C), and the effect of the ethanol: water solvent ratio (within the solvents range from 1:1 to 1:2 ratios). All synthesized samples were characterized using of x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and specific surface area (BET). The prepared MOF-199 at the optimal conditions (100 °C for 48 h, 1:1 of the ethanol: water) has up to 5518 m2/g m2/g surface area (BET), 0.693 cm3 g−1 specific volume, a 11.8 Å porous size, and 103 crystallinity. All MOF-199 samples were activated for 21 h at 60 °C.
Modification and characterization of polyvinyl chloride by graft copolymerization with acrylamide
Authors: Al-Bahate Maha J M , Shabeeb Kadhum M , Khalil Bassam I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was dehydrochlorinated in alkali solution (Sodium Hydroxide NaOH) and then grafted with acrylamide (Am) by free-radical polymerization and using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator under inert atmosphere. The investigations involved examining the degree of dehydrochlorination on PVC by using different concentration from NaOH in the solution (1, 3 and 5 molarity) and determine the optimum dehydrochlorination and grafting efficiency of acrylamide on pure PVC and different molarity dehydrochlorinated PVC. The dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride (DHPVC) and grafted copolymer (PVC-graft-Acrylamide) was characterized by FTIR, Raman spectrometer, EDX analysis. The results shown that, the highest loss of chlorine by using the 3 M ratio of NaOH and the best grafting was in the use of DHPVC 3M.
Possible scenarios of autonomous vehicles’ testing in Russia
Authors: Ivanov A M , Shadrin S S , Kristalniy S R , Popov N V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article represents out point of view on what is happening in Russia in the field of autonomous driving technologies development, testing and implementation. A method for addressing the issue of autonomous vehicles (AVs) testing and critical testing scenarios detection is proposed. Road tests of ADAS Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) were performed in winter conditions at a proving ground and in virtual environment with simulation techniques, practical results are presented.
Estimating operation modes for the individual wheel electric drive of the all-wheel drive vehicle with the use of the driving simulator
Authors: Kotiev G O , Miroshnichenko A V , Stadukhin A A , Kositsyn B B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the development of the electric drive systems and vehicle on-board power sources the electric transport is becoming more popular, in particular wheeled vehicles with individually driven wheels, while the question of choosing power plants for this type of transport remains unresolved. In the presented article, the authors illustrate an approach to determining the requirements for power plants of such vehicles by an example of a four-wheel drive car equipped with an individual electric wheel drive. The approach is based on the use of the real-time driving simulator allowing the operator to drive the vehicle along typical routes. The typical routes for the driving simulator are generated from the known statistical data on the excitation inputs during the vehicle motion. Thus, the developed driving simulator provides analysis of the vehicle traction motors operation in the conditions most close to the actual ones and collection of the necessary statistical data which can be used for statement of the requirements for new electric machines which would provide their most effective use on the vehicle.
Creation concept of objective control systems for traffic safety of vehicles
Authors: Saikin A M , Buznikov S E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Traffic safety is one of the most important problems for modern society. The relevance of research aimed at creating effective means for monitoring the vehicle technical condition and driver condition is determined by the importance of improving traffic safety. The study aims to propose the scientific substantiation of the creation concept of objective control systems for traffic safety of vehicles. To conduct the study system analysis methods and modern control theory were used. The safe driving task is formulated as collision prevention with moving and stationary obstacles. A structured set of collisions contains all typical collisions and overturns caused by technical malfunctions, pavement condition and driving errors. The system creation concept assumes both the measurement and recording of the state vector, its dynamic boundaries and warning signals demonstration to the driver about approaching dangerous boundaries or exceeding them. Modern foreign and domestic objective control automotive systems were compared. System acquires intellectual properties by using mathematical models and algorithms for indirect measurements performed with a minimal quantity of primary information sensors. The research novelty consists in the scientific substantiation of building automobile systems for objective control based on virtual information sensors providing the solution of the dynamic stabilization problem in its most fully algorithmically resolved form.
Reliability Analysis of Certain Rocket Engine Based on Fault Tree
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Jin Liying , Sun Xi , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a fault tree model of certain rocket engine is established according to its structure and working principle. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, the factors affecting the reliability of a certain type of rocket engine are obtained, and the corresponding improvement measures are put forward to improve the reliability and safety of a certain type of rocket engine.
Research on Vulnerability and Damage Assessment of Tactical Ballistic Missile
Authors: Gu Hongping , Cheng Chun , Sun Aixi , Lei Xiaoyun , Shi Yijian , Huang Fenghua 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The threat of TBM (Tactical Ballistic Missile) on the battlefield makes it an important intercept target of anti missile system. In order to effectively evaluate the damage degree of TBM when intercepted, the system and function characteristics of TBM were analyzed with "Iskander" TBM as an example, the missile vulnerability model was constructed, the vulnerability and damage assessment program was developed, and the damage assessment test methods of TBM were summarized. The research results will help to carry out real-time evaluation of the damage effect of antimissile system towards TBM.
Fatigue Analysis of Suspension Control Arm Based on Road Spectrum
Authors: Yuan-chun Kang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Aiming at precisely predicting fatigue life for suspension control arm, a fatigue life analysis method is presented. First of all, 2D road spectrum is structured using Sayers. Then, a rigid-flexible coupling multi-body model is built for vehicle dynamics simulation based on ADAMS software. Automobile test is simulated and the time-load histories of each connecting point of the suspension control arm are obtained. By means of the rain flow counting method, fatigue analysis load spectrums are obtained. Finally, the fatigue life of the control arm is analyzed. The result of fatigue life analysis shows that the control arm is designed to meet the requirements of durability.
Analysis of fraction distribution of the water drops stream generated by the spraying nozzles of new KOMAG design
Authors: Bałaga D , Kalita M , Siegmund M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Theoretical backgrounds of airborne dust control with use of atomized stream of liquid are presented. Testing procedure, with a special attention paid to analysis of drops fraction distribution, is presented on the example of new nozzle design developed at KOMAG. The method for calculation of absorption surface is discussed. The test results are used to analyse operational parameters of the nozzle which are important for the dust control systems.
Hard rock mining – cutting or disk tools
Authors: Kotwica K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents problems related to the mining of compact and very hard rocks with cutting tools, mainly with tangential-rotary picks. The currently used disc tools, their parameters and the way of working are described. The disadvantages of selected solutions and related obstacles to their wider use in mining have been presented. The directions of further development of disk tools were presented, allowing their use, for example, in mining heads of longwall shearers and roadheaders.
The global expansion of climate mitigation policy interventions, the Talanoa Dialogue and the role of behavioural insights
Authors: Mundaca Luis , Sonnenschein Jonas , Steg Linda , Höhne Niklas , Ürge-Vorsatz Diana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Increasing attention is being paid to the Paris Climate Agreement and the impacts of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) intended to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. However, the nature and evolution of existing policy mixes that underlie NDCs remain poorly understood. This critical issue has emerged from the outcomes of the Talanoa Dialogue for Climate Ambition, where little progress was made in building a comprehensive, evidence-based foundation for effective climate policy. To a large extent, this is due to the nature of the process, and a lack of data related to policy interventions in the pre-2020 period, notably their composition, coverage, and orientation. We seek to address these shortcomings by applying a directed content analysis to a dataset of national and city-level policy interventions. The aim is to quantify the nature and evolution of policy efforts that promote the adoption of low-carbon energy technologies (LCETs) globally. Fifteen databases, containing more than 10,000 policies and measures were reviewed. Our findings highlight the rapid spread of policy portfolios and an international convergence towards economic incentives (notably subsidies). At the city level, technology and infrastructure policies dominate. However, it is unclear to what extent behavioural factors (i.e., cognitive, motivational and contextual aspects) that affect the choice and use of LCETs are taken into account in policy design. This is particularly important because studies that model the feasibility of the 1.5 °C target reveal behavioural changes and the rapid adoption of low-carbon lifestyles as critical enabling factors. In response to the outcomes from the Talanoa Dialogue, we argue that policymakers need to go beyond stringent policy mixes and rapidly re-think their traditional economic-driven policymaking approach. Far more attention needs to be given to behavioural factors when designing, evaluating and implementing LCET policies.
Estimating the True Burden of Legionnaires’ Disease
Authors: Cassell Kelsie , Gacek Paul , Rabatsky-Ehr Therese , Petit Susan , Cartter Matthew , Weinberger Daniel M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Over the past decade, the reported incidence of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) in the northeastern United States has increased, reaching 1–3 cases per 100,000 population. There is reason to suspect that this is an underestimate of the true burden, since LD cases may be underdiagnosed. In this analysis of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalizations, we estimated the percentages of cases due to Legionella, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by age group. We fitted mixed-effects models to estimate attributable percents using weekly time series data on P&I hospitalizations in Connecticut from 2000 to 2014. Model-fitted values were used to calculate estimates of numbers of P&I hospitalizations attributable to Legionella (and influenza and RSV) by age group, season, and year. Our models estimated that 1.9%, 8.8%, and 5.1% of total (all-ages) inpatient P&I hospitalizations could be attributed to Legionella, influenza, and RSV, respectively. Only 10.6% of total predicted LD cases had been clinically diagnosed as LD during the study period. The observed incidence rate of 1.2 cases per 100,000 population was substantially lower than our estimated rate of 11.6 cases per 100,000 population. Our estimates of numbers of P&I hospitalizations attributable to Legionella are comparable to those provided by etiological studies of community-acquired pneumonia and emphasize the potential for underdiagnosis of LD in clinical settings.
Bioinoculant capability enhancement through metabolomics and systems biology approaches
Authors: Chaudhary Twinkle , Shukla Pratyoosh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBioinoculants are eco-friendly microorganisms, and their products are utilized for improving the potential of soil and fulfill the nutrients requirement for the host plant. The agricultural yield has increased due to the use of bioinoculants over chemical-based fertilizers, and thus it generates interest in understanding the innovation process by various methods. By gene-editing tool, the desired gene product can be changed for engineered microbial inoculants. We have also described various modern biotechnological tools like constraint-based modeling, OptKnock, flux balance analysis and modeling of the biological network for enhancing the bioinoculant capability. These fluxes give the fascinating perception of the metabolic network in the absence of comprehensive kinetic information. These tools also help in the stimulation of the metabolic networks by incorporation of enzyme-encoding genes. The present review explains the use of systems biology and gene-editing tools for improving the capability of bioinoculants. Moreover, this review also emphasizes on the challenges and future perspective of systems biology and its multidisciplinary facets.
Protein contact prediction using metagenome sequence data and residual neural networks
Authors: Wu Qi , Peng Zhenling , Anishchenko Ivan , Cong Qian , Baker David , Yang Jianyi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Almost all protein residue contact prediction methods rely on the availability of deep multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). However, many proteins from the poorly populated families do not have sufficient number of homologs in the conventional UniProt database. Here we aim to solve this issue by exploring the rich sequence data from the metagenome sequencing projects.

Results
Based on the improved MSA constructed from the metagenome sequence data, we developed MapPred, a new deep learning-based contact prediction method. MapPred consists of two component methods, DeepMSA and DeepMeta, both trained with the residual neural networks. DeepMSA was inspired by the recent method DeepCov, which was trained on 441 matrices of covariance features. By considering the symmetry of contact map, we reduced the number of matrices to 231, which makes the training more efficient in DeepMSA. Experiments show that DeepMSA outperforms DeepCov by 10–13% in precision. DeepMeta works by combining predicted contacts and other sequence profile features. Experiments on three benchmark datasets suggest that the contribution from the metagenome sequence data is significant with P-values less than 4.04E-17. MapPred is shown to be complementary and comparable the state-of-the-art methods. The success of MapPred is attributed to three factors: the deeper MSA from the metagenome sequence data, improved feature design in DeepMSA and optimized training by the residual neural networks.

Availability and implementation
http://yanglab.nankai.edu.cn/mappred/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in the World Health Organization African Region Using the Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance Network, 2011–2016
Authors: Mwenda Jason M , Soda Elizabeth , Weldegebriel Goitom , Katsande Regis , Biey Joseph Nsiari-Muzeyi , Traore Tieble , de Gouveia Linda , du Plessis Mignon , von Gottberg Anne , Antonio Martin , Kwambana-Adams Brenda , Worwui Archibald , Gierke Ryan , Schwartz Stephanie , van Beneden Chris , Cohen Adam , Serhan Fatima , Lessa Fernanda C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed data from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Invasive Bacterial Vaccine-preventable Diseases Surveillance Network (2011–2016) to describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis within the WHO African Region. We also evaluated declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal meningitis following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction.

Methods
Reports of meningitis in children <5 years old from sentinel surveillance hospitals in 26 countries were classified as suspected, probable, or confirmed. Confirmed meningitis cases were analyzed by age group and subregion (South-East and West-Central). We described case fatality ratios (CFRs), pathogen distribution, and annual changes in serotype and serogroup, including changes in vaccine-type Spn meningitis following PCV introduction.

Results
Among 49 844 reported meningitis cases, 1670 (3.3%) were laboratory-confirmed. Spn (1007/1670 [60.3%]) was the most commonly detected pathogen; vaccine-type Spn meningitis cases declined over time. CFR was the highest for Spn meningitis: 12.9% (46/357) in the South-East subregion and 30.9% (89/288) in the West-Central subregion. Meningitis caused by N. meningitidis was more common in West-Central than South-East Africa (321/954 [33.6%] vs 110/716 [15.4%]; P < .0001). Haemophilus influenzae (232/1670 [13.9%]) was the least prevalent organism.

Conclusions
Spn was the most common cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in the African region even after reported cases declined following PCV introduction. Sustaining robust surveillance is essential to monitor changes in pathogen distribution and to inform and guide vaccination policies.