bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State support for the investment development of agricultural producers in conditions of sanctions restrictions
Authors: Kulov A R , Dzusova S S , Dzusov S I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the issues of state support of investment development on the agricultural sector of the Russian economy. Based on the method of statistical groupings in the study, a disproportion in the distribution of state support for agricultural producers was revealed. The analysis of state support measures in agriculture showed that the mechanism of subsidizing the interest rate on investment loans for the purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment is mainly used. At the same time, subsidizing the interest rate on loans remains insufficient to expand the ability of agricultural producers to acquire innovative technology. The study adopted the methodology of Rosstat for the analysis of investment processes. In the sample of agricultural producers were large, medium, and small farms, which allowed identifying the main problems, the solution of which would contribute to the expansion of state support aimed at ensuring the flow of long-term capital in the industry. And on this basis will give stimulus to the investment development of agriculture. The research recommends to move to the use of measures of uncoupled support for investment development of agriculture. This is especially important in the context of economic sanctions, when limited opportunities to attract long-term capital to the industry from foreign markets of financial resources.
Ecological and economic evaluation of using arable land in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Askarov A A , Stovba E V , Askarova A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In our country, with the transition to a market-oriented economy, the scientifically based farming systems with their rational crop rotations were violated, which intensified the process of soil fertility depletion. Accordingly, the cumulative damage from non-recoverable soil humus losses is rapidly growing and becomes quite comparable with the cost of crop production received from this land. The article substantiates the necessity of conducting an ecological and economic evaluation of the use of land in agriculture at the regional level. The proposed methodical approach to solving the problem of optimal allocation of crops and cattle-breeding industries is determined by the criterion of the most effective use of the basic means of agricultural production. The analysis of the use of arable land and the structure of cereal crops in all categories farms of the Republic of Bashkortostan was carried out. The results of the economic and environmental damage evaluation caused by the agricultural production of the region were presented. The results of the economic and environmental damage evaluation caused by the agricultural production of the region were presented. The calculation of ecological and economic efficiency of land use in agriculture of the Republic of Bashkortostan is presented in the paper.
Analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of digital agriculture in Russia
Authors: Kozubenko I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents approaches to understanding the main problems of the development of digital agriculture in Russia. The author, on the basis of observations on the implementation of the state agrarian policy at the federal level, notes the key problems of digitization of agriculture and presents his view on possible scenarios of digital transformation of agriculture. The author’s interpretation of the concept “Digital agriculture” is also provided in the paper.
The role of the high school in the “Triple Loop” model: SCBIN technologies
Authors: Yankovskaya V V , Kukushkin S N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Subject / topic: In this paper, a study was conducted of the influence of the “triple loop” model on the Higher School, the university architecture of the organization. The role of convergent technologies in the educational environment and their relationship with the knowledge system, approaches, potential and communication of SCBIN technologies with the knowledge management system is discussed. In particular, the research explores IT and cognitive technologies that form a new space in higher education and provide ways to master it. In the paper, the authors also consider the role and influence of the “triple loop” model on the high school, along with the main tool for implementing SCBIN technologies.
Importance of the formation of environmental consciousness of the personnel for the development of eco-technologies in the hotel enterprise
Authors: Ovcharenko N P , Galenko E V , Orlovskaia Iu V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study focuses on the consideration of the formation methods of ecological consciousness of employees of the hotel enterprise. It is noted that the formation of environmental awareness among the staff is a priority in the implementation of ecotechnologies in the hotel, as they are able to significantly affect the effectiveness of their implementation. The survey shows that a significant part of the staff is not ready to sacrifice their comfort and change the time-fixed sequence of duties for the sake of the implementation of environmental policy. In this regard, a number of recommendations on possible formation methods of ecological consciousness in the management and line staff of hotels. The results of the study may be useful for practical application in hotels planning to implement or introduce eco-technologies.
Natural and resource capacity as a basis for sustainable development of rural areas in the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Stovba E V , Kolonskikh N E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The role of the natural resource capacity as a key factor of sustainable development in rural areas is actualized in the article. We point out that the development of a strategy for the sustainable development of rural areas is impossible without comprehensive accounting and assessment of the natural and climatic conditions of the functioning in the considered area. An analysis of the current state and development of the natural resource capacity in rural areas is made on the example of the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan. A detailed description of the climatic conditions at the regional level is given. The actual agricultural specialization and combination of crop and livestock sectors of agro-organizations is established taking into account the differentiation of natural resource and soil-climatic conditions and is caused by regional differences. It is affirmed that the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan has a great natural and resource potential, which, with effective use, makes it possible to ensure sustainable development of rural areas. The main part of the territory under consideration has sufficient bioclimatic and soil resources, which allow creating sustainable premises for the development of agricultural industries, the production of basic types of food. We concluded that natural and soil-climatic factors have a significant impact on the conditions of functioning of modern agriculture, which, in turn, directly affects the sustainable development of agro-organizations. We summarized that the design of the main options of the sustainable development strategy for rural areas of the Non-humus zone in the Republic of Bashkortostan should directly take into account the specific features of the development of the natural and resource capacity of the area.
Assessing the socio-cultural indicators of the population’ quality of life in the transboundary region
Authors: Shchetkina I A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ensuring a high, decent quality of life becomes the goal of socio-economic development of countries and regions, and the formation of a system to ensure a high quality of life leads to ensuring the necessary level of social security. This becomes especially relevant in the territory of transboundary regions. This is determined by the fact that each transboundary region has its own models of ensuring the quality of life of the population, uses its own mechanisms for improving the quality of the social environment and the ecological situation, as well as its own sociocultural living conditions. This article is aimed at identifying the sociocultural conditions for ensuring the quality of life of the population in a cross-border region (using the example of the Trans-Baikal region). The integrative culture-centric approach is the leading approach to the study of socio-cultural indicators of the quality of life of the population. It is based on a set of opposing points of view related both to the subjective perception of life values and to the awareness of the reality and objectivity of the surrounding world. The use of an integrative culture-centric approach made it possible to characterize the objective aspect of the quality of life of a population in a transboundary region in the context of understanding the level of development of the socio-cultural space and the nature of its influence on the lives of citizens. At the same time, this approach made it possible to study the subjective aspect of the quality of life of the population in a transboundary region through the assessment of people’s satisfaction with the quality of their life. As part of the study, a survey of 4,700 residents of municipal areas and urban districts of the Trans-Baikal region was conducted at the age of 18 to 85 years old and indicators are highlighted. They reflect the sociocultural aspects of respondents’ satisfaction with their lives, leisure activities, and the availability of cultural institutions. The materials of the article are of practical value for the authorities and state institutions, public associations, and the world community as a whole. Since they are the basis for developing meaningful social policy measures that expand opportunities for the development of the sociocultural living space of the population, implement social programs and projects aimed at improving the quality of life in different countries, and also develop recommendations for reducing the level of dissatisfaction with the quality of life of people in different countries and regions.
Improving Outcomes
Authors: McBrien Sarah , Bailey Zachary , Ryder Jonathan , Scholer Paige , Talmon Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the strength of study design and outcomes in literature describing pathology education for medical students.MethodsA search was conducted for articles related to pathology education published over 45 years describing an educational intervention. The primary data collected included phase of education, domain of objectives, number of learners and institutions, type of intervention, use of a comparison/control group, randomization, and strength of statistical analysis.ResultsOf 655 articles, 54 (8%) met inclusion criteria. The majority (65%) reported experiences of 100 learners or fewer, and only one was multi-institutional. Only 46% used a comparison/control group. Statistical significance of results was not reported in 39%. None examined outcomes at a point distant from the educational intervention.ConclusionsMost studies describing pathology educational interventions are not of strong experimental design. Consumers of educational research should be cognizant of these potential weaknesses in educational studies.
Contemporary Appraisal of Sex Differences in Prevalence, Correlates, and Outcomes of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mogos Mulubrhan F , Salemi Jason L , Phillips Shane A , Piano Mariann R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsThe aims of this study were to: examine differences in alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) prevalence, temporal trends and the distribution of socio-demographic factors and comorbidities by sex; and investigate differences in selected inpatient outcomes between women and men with ACM.MethodsWe used the 2002–2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases. Overall and sex-specific rates of ACM were estimated across sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate temporal trends (annual percent change [APC]) of ACM-related hospitalization by sex and race/ethnicity. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) representing associations between sex and selected ACM outcomes were calculated using survey logistic regression.ResultsThe rate of ACM among all inpatient men and women was 128 per 100,000 and 17 per 100,000 hospitalizations, respectively. Among women, the rate of ACM remained unchanged during the study period, while for men, there was 1.2% annual reduction from 2002–2010 (APC −1.3, 95% CI: −1.7, −0.8). Women with ACM were more likely than men with ACM to experience depression (AOR=2.24, 95% CI: 2.06–2.43) and anxiety (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.75–2.15), while men with ACM were 21% and 24% more likely than women with ACM to experience ‘any heart failure (HF)’ and HF with reduced ejection fraction respectively. One in 1,471 hospitalizations were related to ACM with a male-to-female ratio of 8:1.ConclusionIndividuals with ACM are at increased likelihood of adverse outcomes. Women with ACM are at increased risk of depression and anxiety, while men are at increased risk of HF.
Cryptococcal-related Mortality Despite Fluconazole Preemptive Treatment in a Cryptococcal Antigen Screen-and-Treat Program
Authors: Wake Rachel M , Govender Nelesh P , Omar Tanvier , Nel Carolina , Mazanderani Ahmad Haeri , Karat Aaron S , Ismail Nazir A , Tiemessen Caroline T , Jarvis Joseph N , Harrison Thomas S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening and treatment with preemptive fluconazole reduces the incidence of clinically evident cryptococcal meningitis in individuals living with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. However, mortality remains higher in CrAg-positive than in CrAg-negative patients with similar CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study to investigate causes of morbidity and mortality during 6 months of follow-up among asymptomatic CrAg-positive and CrAg-negative (ratio of 1:2) patients living with HIV with CD4 counts &lt;100 cells/µL attending 2 hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa. When possible, minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) was performed on participants who died.ResultsSixty-seven CrAg-positive and 134 CrAg-negative patients were enrolled. Death occurred in 17/67 (25%) CrAg-positive and 12/134 (9%) CrAg-negative participants (hazard ratio for death, adjusted for CD4 count, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–6.7; P = .006). Cryptococcal disease was an immediate or contributing cause of death in 12/17 (71%) CrAg-positive participants. Postmortem cryptococcal meningitis and pulmonary cryptococcosis were identified at MIA in all 4 CrAg-positive participants, 3 of whom had negative cerebrospinal fluid CrAg tests from lumbar punctures (LPs) at the time of CrAg screening.ConclusionsCryptococcal disease was an important cause of mortality among asymptomatic CrAg-positive participants despite LPs to identify and treat those with subclinical cryptococcal meningitis and preemptive fluconazole for those without meningitis. Thorough investigation for cryptococcal disease with LPs and blood cultures, prompt ART initiation, and more intensive antifungals may reduce mortality among asymptomatic CrAg-positive patients identified through screening.
Bleeding and ischaemic outcomes in patients treated with dual or triple antithrombotic therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Haller Paul M , Sulzgruber Patrick , Kaufmann Christoph , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Tamargo Juan , Wassmann Sven , Schnabel Renate B , Westermann Dirk , Huber Kurt , Niessner Alexander , Gremmel Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
The combination of oral anticoagulation with a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with a high bleeding risk. Dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) with omission of aspirin is a promising option to reduce bleedings, but carries a yet unknown risk of ischaemic events. We therefore sought to systematically review and analyse randomized controlled trials investigating DAT vs. triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) in patients with AF following PCI and/or acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods and results
We included four trials with overall 9317 patients (5039 DAT, 4278 TAT) in our analysis. Dual antithrombotic therapy was associated with a significant reduction in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction major bleeding [hazard ratio (HR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.65; P = 0.0001], while the composite trial-defined ischaemic endpoint did not differ significantly between DAT and TAT (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.79–1.22; P = 0.88). There was also no difference regarding the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI; HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.92–1.46; P = 0.21) or stent thrombosis (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.69–2.26; P = 0.46). Absolute numbers for MI were 131/4278 (3.1%) with TAT and 182/5039 (3.6%) with DAT, and for stent thrombosis 32/4278 (0.75%) and 52/5039 (1%), respectively. A post hoc power calculation based on the size and event rate of this meta-analysis revealed 80% power to detect a 37% and 100% increase in MI and stent thrombosis, respectively.

Conclusion
Dual antithrombotic therapy significantly reduces bleedings compared with TAT and seems to have a similar effect in preventing ischaemic endpoints in AF patients post-PCI or ACS. Future investigations are needed to determine its applicability specifically in patients at high risk of ischaemic outcomes.
Access to essential cardiovascular medicines for children: a pilot study of availability, price and affordability in Nigeria
Authors: Orubu Ebiowei S F , Robert Faith O , Samuel Mercy , Megbule Daniel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Policies to improve access to medicines for children in low- and middle-income countries, such as Nigeria, should consider the growing threat of non-communicable diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to scope availability, price and affordability of essential cardiovascular medicines for children in selected states in Nigeria. The study was a descriptive longitudinal survey conducted in three phases. Availability was determined as percentage of facilities having the medicine on the survey date. Medicines with good availability (&gt;80%) were noted. Prices were cross-referenced against international Reference Prices and the Nigerian National Health Insurance Scheme Prices. Affordability was calculated using the Least-Paid Government Worker method. For medicines compounded to improve availability, a model for calculating affordability was proposed. In Phase I, the availability of all 17 strengths of the cardiovascular medicines or diuretics listed in the Essential Medicines List for Children (2015) were surveyed in two conveniently selected states using the WHO/HAI questionnaire. Data were collected from 17 hospitals and pharmacies. Phases II and III focused on tablet formulations (enalapril, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone) in three purposively selected state capitals: Lagos, Abuja and Yenagoa. In Phase II, 11 private pharmacies were surveyed in December 2016: Phase III tracked price changes in Abuja and Yenagoa in August 2018. Only furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide tablets had good availability. Oral liquids were unavailable. Prices for four generic oral tablets were 2–16× higher than the International Reference Prices; prices for two of these did not change significantly over the study period. Affordable medicines were generic furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide tablet. Where a fee is charged, compounded medicines were also not affordable. While the small sample sizes limit generalization, this study provides indicative data suggesting that prices for cardiovascular medicines remain high and potentially unaffordable in the private sector in these selected states, and when compounded. Regular systematic access surveys are needed.
Functional muscle recovery following dystrophin and myostatin exon splice modulation in aged mdx mice
Authors: Lu-Nguyen Ngoc , Ferry Arnaud , Schnell Frederick J , Hanson Gunnar J , Popplewell Linda , Dickson George , Malerba Alberto 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disease affecting 1 in 3500–5000 newborn boys. It is due to mutations in the DMD gene with a consequent lack of dystrophin protein that leads to deterioration of myofibres and their replacement with fibro-adipogenic tissue. Out-of-frame mutations in the DMD gene can be modified by using antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to promote skipping of specific exons such that the reading frame is restored and the resulting protein produced, though truncated, is functional. We have shown that AONs can also be used to knock down myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth and differentiation, through disruption of the transcript reading frame, and thereby enhance muscle strength. In young mdx mice, combined dystrophin and myostatin exon skipping therapy greatly improved DMD pathology, compared to the single dystrophin skipping approach. Here we show that in aged (>15-month-old) mdx mice, when the pathology is significantly more severe and more similar to the one observed in DMD patients, the effect of the combined therapy is slightly attenuated but still beneficial in improving the disease phenotype. These results confirm the beneficial outcome of the combination approach and support its translation into DMD clinical trials.
Role of Lymphatic Deficiency in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Inflammatory Bowel Disease to Colorectal Cancer in an Experimental Mouse Model
Authors: Daley Sarah K , Witte Marlys H , Washington Jalicia , Bernas Michael , Kiela Pawel , Thorn Jennifer , Tanoue Nathan , Alexander J Steven 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, which can progress to colorectal cancer, with duration of disease being the most important risk factor. Although many factors are involved, the pathogenic link between inflammation and cancer and the role played by the lymphatic system have not been fully investigated. This project uses lymphatic-deficient mice (Angiopoietin-2 [Ang2] knockout) to examine the lymphatic system in the progression of IBD to colorectal cancer.MethodsAngiopoietin-2 wild-type, heterozygote, and knockout mice received a single injection of the procarcinogen azoxymethane and had an IBD-promoting chemical irritant (dextran sodium sulfate) added to their drinking water over a 7-week period. We measured disease activity (weight loss, stool consistency, fecal occult blood) during the study and at sacrifice, collected blood for cytokine/biomarker (Ang2, interleukin [IL] 1-β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα], and VEGF-C) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, measured colon length, and assessed tumor burden.ResultsAng2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited reduced (55%) survival vs wild-type (100%) and heterozygotes (91%; P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Most (&gt;89%) mice developed tumors, and the incidence of colorectal cancer did not differ among the genotypes (P = 0.32). The tumor area was significantly increased in KO mice (P = 0.004). Of the biomarkers measured in the serum, Ang2 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly different among the genotypes (P = 3.35e-08 and P = 0.003 respectively). Disease activity was significantly increased in KO mice compared with wild-type and heterozygote mice (P = 0.033).ConclusionsLymphatic deficiency, defective lymphangiogenesis, and impaired lymphatic-generated inflammation did not protect against clinical IBD or progression to colorectal cancer in this experimental model.