bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of Transformation: The Informal Sector in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Snehashish , Kesar Surbhi 
Published: September 2018

We identify a basic dualism between capitalist and noncapitalist spaces within the vast informal sector in India, and show that this dualism has been reproduced and reinforced during the past decade of high economic growth. This calls into question the idea of capitalist transition that informs much of the discourse on economic development. We provide some preliminary arguments about the nature of this dualism and the process of reproduction of the noncapitalist economic space. JEL Classifications: O14, O17, J46
Nivolumab induces impressive responses in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma: Single institutional experience
Authors: Dada Reyad , Zabani Yazeed 
Published: September 2018

Objectives Cancer can escape the immune system through different mechanisms. One such mechanism is the expression of program death ligand-1 which binds to PD-1 receptor on activated T cells, subsequently leading to inhibition of the immune response against cancer cells. Nivolumab is a novel antibody that binds to PD-1 and prevents such immune tolerance. Two recently published controlled clinical trials confirmed the clinical efficacy of single-agent nivolumab in pretreated patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients and methods We treated 10 heavily pretreated patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma with the new novel PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab. We report on the outcome and safety of this agent in these patients. Results After four cycles, the response rate was 80%. Seven of 10 gained complete metabolic remission. No serious adverse events were observed. The available literature is being reviewed. Conclusions Pretreated classical Hodgkin lymphoma is amenable to novel immunotherapy. Nivolumab induces clinically meaningful responses with excellent tolerability. The drug enriches our treatment options by reviving the response of the immune system against cancer. Further controlled studies are needed to determine the effectiveness on a large patient cohort.
A new device for ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access
Authors: Brugioni Lucio , Barchetti Marco , Tazzioli Giovanni , Gelmini Roberta , Girardis Massimo , Bianchini Marcello , Schepis Filippo , Nicolini Matteo , Pinelli Giovanni , Martella Pietro , Barozzi Marco , Mori Francesca , Scarabottini Serena , Righetti Andrea , Ravazzini Mirco , Bertellini Elisabetta 
Published: September 2018

Background: In patients with difficult peripheral venous access, alternative techniques require expertise and are invasive, expensive, and prone to serious adverse events. This brought us to designing a new venous catheter (JLB® Deltamed, Inc.) for the cannulation of medium and large bore veins; it is echogenic, and available in different lengths (60 / 70 / 80 mm) and Gauges (14 / 16 / 17 / 18). Methods: We led a multi-center observational convenience sampling study to evaluate safety and effectiveness of JLB. Data was collected from June 2015 to February 2018. Inclusion criteria were age ⩾ 18, difficulty in obtaining superficial venous access in the veins of the arm, need for rapid infusion, or patient’s preference. Results: We enrolled 1000 patients, mean age 66.8 years. In total, 951 (95.1%) had the device placed in internal jugular vein, 28 in basilic or cephalic vein, 15 in femoral vein, 5 in axillary vein (infra-clavicular tract), and 1 in the external jugular vein. The procedure was performed by attending physicians or emergency medicine residents under US guidance. Mean procedure time (from disinfection to securing) was approximately 240 s. Mean attempts number was 1.21. Early complications (<24 h) occurred in four patients, consisting in two soft tissue hematoma, one phlebitis, and one atrial tachyarrhythmia. No major complications (such as pneumothorax) were reported. Mean indwelling time was 168 h (7 days); early occlusion/dislocation occurred in four cases. Conclusion: According to preliminary data, the application of JLB appears to be safe, cost-effective, and rapid to place bedside.
Substitute decision makers’ experiences of making decisions at end of life for older persons with dementia: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Cresp Sarah Jane , Lee Susan Fiona , Moss Cheryle 
Published: September 2018

Background Substitute decision makers are important for people with advanced dementia, particularly at the end of life. Substitute decision makers report issues in providing support, and physical and psychological consequences from the role. However, there is no synthesised evidence about how substitute decision makers are affected by and experience making decisions for older persons diagnosed with dementia at end of life. Methodology: A protocol for a qualitative systematic review was developed. Seven articles met both inclusion and research quality criteria following a comprehensive search for published and unpublished studies (January 2007–2017, English language). Meta-synthesis was achieved through meta-aggregation of the results from included studies. Results Meta-aggregation of 20 themes into eight categories resulted in five synthesised findings. The findings were: ‘trust’; ‘guilt, mistrust and confusion’; ‘translating quality of life’; ‘negotiating families’; and ‘uncertainty and reactivity’. Trust in healthcare personnel positively affected substitute decision makers and supported their adaptability. Substitute decision makers experienced guilt, mistrust, and confusion as they encountered increased complexity in care and health interventions as social needs changed. Substitute decision makers experienced complexities and struggles as they interpreted quality of life and negotiated end of life treatment decisions. Substitute decision makers experienced practical needs to negotiate family as they fulfilled their support roles. Ambiguity in advance care plans, limited knowledge of dementia, end of life uncertainties, and communication issues reduced substitute decision makers’ proactivity. Implications: Being a substitute decision maker for people with advanced dementia at end of life is stressful. Health professionals need to be cognizant of substitute decision makers experiences and needs, and identify mechanisms to achieve support and education. The findings generate need for further investigation of interventions to meet the needs of substitute decision makers.
Effect of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular outcomes based on cardiovascular risk: A secondary analysis of the SPRINT trial
Authors: Attar Armin , Sayadi Mehrab , Jannati Mansoor 
Published: September 2018

Background It is not clear whether risk stratification can help choose the most favourable systolic blood pressure target for primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Design A secondary analysis of Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Methods To perform a secondary analysis, we obtained the data from SPRINT from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute data repository centre. In SPRINT, an open-label trial, participants without diabetes with systolic blood pressure of ≥130 mmHg were randomly assigned to intensive and standard treatment groups with systolic blood pressure targets of <120 and <140 mmHg, respectively. The primary composite outcome was myocardial infarction and other acute coronary syndromes, stroke, heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes. Here, we have analysed data from participants without cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease aged under 75 years categorised based on the baseline 10-year Framingham risk score (<10% (low risk); ≥10% and <15% (intermediate risk); ≥15% (high risk)). Results A total of 4298 patients were included in the analysis. With intensive treatment, there was a significant reduction in the primary outcome events in patients at high risk (0.86% per year vs. 1.81% per year; hazard ratio (HR) 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.85; P = 0.010), and at intermediate risk (0.60% per year vs. 1.46% per year; HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.82; P = 0.014) but not for those at low risk (0.75% per year vs. 0.57% per year; HR 1.14; 95% CI 0.55 to 2.38; P = 0.714). Conclusions Intensive systolic blood pressure reduction is beneficial for primary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients without diabetes with more than low cardiac risk (above 10%).
Testican 1 (SPOCK1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) show significant increase in saliva of tobacco users with oral cancer
Authors: Nanjappa Vishalakshi , Raja Remya , Radhakrishnan Aneesha , Jain Ankit P , Datta Keshava K , Puttamallesh Vinuth N , Solanki Hitendra S , Chavan Sandip , Patil Arun , Renuse Santosh , Jain Anu , Mathew Don , Thakur Reetu , Guerrero-Preston Rafael , Nair Bipin , Routray Samapika , Mohanty Neeta , Gowda KB Linge , Jadav Ritesh , Ghosal Sushmita , Kumar Rekha V , Ramesha Chaluvarayaswamy , Raghu Vijay C , Mathur Premendu Prakash , Prasad TS Keshava , Califano Joseph A , Sidransky David , Pal Arnab , Ganesh Mandakulutur S , Ray Jay Gopal , Pandey Akhilesh , Gowda Harsha , Chatterjee Aditi 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: To identify potential candidate proteins which are secretory in nature and present at a higher abundance in oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. Methods: Conditioned media of tobacco-treated and -untreated non-neoplastic oral keratinocytes were analyzed using iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. Hypersecreted proteins; SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1 (SPOCK1); prosaposin (PSAP); and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type S (PTPRS) were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using saliva samples from oral cancer patients who are tobacco users. Results: Proteomic analysis of tobacco-treated and -untreated cells led to the identification of 2873 proteins. Among these, 378 proteins showed high abundance and 253 proteins showed low abundance (2-fold cutoff) in conditioned-media of tobacco-treated cells. ELISA-based validation showed significantly higher levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in oral cancer patients with tobacco chewing habits compared to healthy controls. However, PSAP showed low specificity compared to SPOCK1 and PTPRS. Conclusions: This study indicates significantly increased levels of SPOCK1, PSAP, and PTPRS in saliva of oral cancer patients with tobacco habits. These protein biomarkers might be useful to identify tobacco users with high risk of developing oral cancers.
Long-term results following intra-articular fractures of the medial malleolus in children and adolescents with special emphasis on MRI
Authors: Zwetti Thomas N , Tschauner Sebastian , Sorantin Erich , Castellani Christoph , Till Holger , Kraus Tanja , Singer Georg 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Presently, there is no publication combining clinical follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine possible post-traumatic alterations following paediatric intra-articular fractures of the medial malleolus. Therefore, the aims of this study were to retrospectively analyze a cohort of patients with Salter–Harris (SH) III and IV fractures of the medial malleolus and to evaluate their long-term outcome. MRI was used to assess possible changes of the articular surface that cannot be diagnosed on native radiographs. Patients and Methods: Fifty-four patients with SH III ( n = 38) or IV fractures ( n = 17) of the medial malleolus treated between 2001 and 2011 were invited for a follow-up examination. Clinical outcome was assessed with the Weber score and osteoarthritis with the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. MRI was rated by the Outerbridge classification. Correlations between the clinical and radiological outcomes were calculated. Results: Seventeen patients were recruited for long-term follow-up at a mean of 112 (range, 65–184) months. The Weber score was very good for 5 patients, good for 10 patients and poor for 2 patients; the Kellgren and Lawrence score revealed a favourable grade 0 in 15 patients and grade 1 in 2 patients. The MRI-based Outerbridge classification yielded grade 0 for 12 patients, grade 1 for 1 patient, grade 2 for 2 patients and grade 3 for 1 patient. The Outerbridge score significantly ( p < 0.05) correlated with the Weber score. Conclusion: This study shows excellent and good outcome of SH III and IV fractures of the medial malleolus. Worse clinical outcome correlated with post-traumatic changes of the articular cartilage seen on MRI.
Tubulointerstitial and intraglomerular metastasis with subsequent development of tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with advanced metastatic melanoma
Authors: Mamlouk Omar , Lin Jamie S , Zhang Haiyan , Glass William F , Amaria Rodabe N , Lahoti Amit , Workeneh Biruh T 
Published: September 2018

Background: While up to 50% of patients with malignant melanoma will have micrometastases to their kidneys, clinically apparent kidney metastasis is rare. Furthermore, intraglomerular metastases have been documented in only 3% of cases of disseminated malignancies. We present an unusual case of acute kidney injury secondary to tubular injury due to tubular or vascular obstruction by melanoma and intraglomerular metastasis followed by the development of tumor lysis syndrome after treatment. Case report: A 45-year-old male with previously normal kidney function and an established diagnosis of extensive metastatic melanoma presented to the emergency department for abdominal discomfort. Despite treatment with pembrolizumab and azacitidine, he had progression of disease. Subsequently, he developed progressive, unexplainable decline in kidney function and urinalysis that was notable for white blood cells, microscopic hematuria, and microalbuminuria with hyaline casts. The kidney biopsy revealed marked infiltration of melanoma cells characterized as multifocal tubulointerstitial and intraglomerular metastases, mild tubular injury, and no evidence of nephritis. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel was initiated to reverse-presumed cancer-induced kidney injury, but within 24 h, tumor lysis syndrome developed. Despite aggressive supportive measures including hemodialysis, his clinical course was irreversible and transitioned to comfort measures. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury secondary to metastatic tubulointerstitial and intraglomerular melanoma is a rare clinical entity that should be considered as the cause of acute kidney injury in a patient with extensive disease. Patients with extensive disease should also be cautiously monitored for the development of tumor lysis syndrome during treatment.
Design of new resource allocation scheme for symbiosis of DASH clients and non-DASH clients
Authors: Kim Hyun Jun , Son Ye Seul , Kim Joon Tae 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new resource allocation scheme for symbiosis of DASH clients and non-DASH clients (RASS) to provide seamless video streaming service to DASH clients and to guarantee fairness among non-DASH clients. In RASS, all the LTE downlink resource blocks are divided into two chunks by a KKT-conditions-based Resource-Division Controller (KCRDC). With the two divided chunks, the proposed scheme leads PFRA and KKT-conditions-based resource allocation scheme (KCRA) to allocate each chunk to non-DASH clients and DASH clients, respectively. PFRA allocates resource blocks with maintaining good trade-off between fairness and spectrum efficiency. On the other hand, KCRA allocates more resource blocks to DASH clients in the risk of re-buffering events to preferentially reduce the re-buffering-time ratios of the DASH clients. Finally, simulations are completed using the NS-3 (network simulator). The obtained results show that the proposed scheme shows a better synthetic performance than the existing resource allocation schemes in consideration of the re-buffering-time ratios and QoE value of DASH clients and the fairness among non-DASH clients.
Two-step analytical procedure for the characterization and quantification of metal soaps and resinates in paint samples
Authors: La Nasa Jacopo , Lluveras-Tenorio Anna , Modugno Francesca , Bonaduce Ilaria 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Metal soaps and resinates are known to be spontaneously formed in artistic paintings, as a product of the reaction between aliphatic and terpenoid acids released by hydrolysis and oxidation of the organic media and certain cations contained in some inorganic pigments. In this paper we present an optimization and the validation of a GC/MS method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of terpenoid acids and aliphatic mono and dicarboxylic acids and metal carboxylates of terpenoid and aliphatic mono and dicarboxylic acids in the same paint microsample. This is based on a two-step analytical approach entailing the subsequent use of two silylating agents, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide for the analysis of free acids and metal carboxylates, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane for the analysis of free acids. The application of this approach is possible because of the good stability at room temperature of the TMS derivatives of aliphatic and terpenoid species, characterized by high boiling points and relatively low vapour pressures. The method was then applied to the characterization of samples collected from two reference paint layers aged for 20 years, a paint sample taken from a pulpit, and sample of the varnish coating of a wooden writing desk, both from the second half of the seventeenth century.
New opportunities for nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Park Wooram , Heo Young-Jae , Han Dong Keun 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Recently, cancer immunotherapy has become standard for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy not only treats primary tumors, but also prevents metastasis and recurrence, representing a major advantage over conventional cancer treatments. However, existing cancer immunotherapies have limited clinical benefits because cancer antigens are often not effectively delivered to immune cells. Furthermore, unlike lymphoma, solid tumors evade anti-cancer immunity by forming an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). One approach for overcoming these limitations of cancer immunotherapy involves nanoparticles based on biomaterials.

Main body
Here, we review in detail recent trends in the use of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. First, to illustrate the unmet needs for nanoparticles in this field, we describe the mechanisms underlying cancer immunotherapy. We then explain the role of nanoparticles in the delivery of cancer antigens and adjuvants. Next, we discuss how nanoparticles can be helpful within the immune-suppressive TME. Finally, we summarize current and future uses of nanoparticles with image-guided interventional techniques in cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusion
Recently developed approaches for using nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy have enormous potential for improving cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy based on nanoparticles is anticipated not only to overcome the limitations of existing immunotherapy, but also to generate synergistic effects via cooperation between nanoparticles and immune cells.
Hypoxic condition enhances chondrogenesis in synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bae Hyun Cheol , Park Hee Jung , Wang Sun Young , Yang Ha Ru , Lee Myung Chul , Han Hyuk-Soo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by many factors, including oxygen tensions, growth factors, and cytokines. Evidences have suggested that low oxygen tension seems to be an important regulatory factor in the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in various MSCs. Recent studies report that synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) are a potential source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. But, the effect of low oxygen tension on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in SDSCs has not characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on proliferation and chondrogenesis in SDSCs.

Method
SDSCs were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis at total knee replacement. To determine the effect of oxygen tension on proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs, A colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and cell counting-based proliferation assay were performed under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (5% oxygen). For in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, SDSCs were concentrated to form pellets and subjected to conditions appropriate for chondrogenic differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia, followed by the analysis for the expression of genes and proteins of chondrogenesis. qRT-PCR, histological assay, and glycosoaminoglycan assays were determined to assess chondrogenesis.

Results
Low oxygen condition significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs compared to that of SDSCs under normoxic culture. Similar pellet size and weight were found for chondrogensis period under hypoxia and normoxia condition. The mRNA expression of types II collagen, aggrecan, and the transcription factor SOX9 was increased under hypoxia condition. Histological sections stained with Safranin-O demonstrated that hypoxic conditions had increased proteoglycan synthesis. Immunohistochemistry for types II collagen demonstrated that hypoxic culture of SDSCs increased type II collagen expression. In addition, GAG deposition was significantly higher in hypoxia compared with normoxia at 21 days of differentiation.

Conclusion
These findings show that hypoxia condition has an important role in regulating the synthesis ECM matrix by SDSCs as they undergo chondrogenesis. This has important implications for cartilage tissue engineering applications of SDSCs.
Outcomes of the calcaneo-stop procedure for the treatment of juvenile flatfoot in young athletes
Authors: Pavone V. , Vescio A. , Di Silvestri C. A. , Andreacchio A. , Sessa G. , Testa G. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose Flexible flatfoot (FFF) is a widespread condition in juvenile patients. If symptomatic, FFF can require surgical treatment. The calcaneo-stop procedure has shown excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes and low rates of complications. The aim of the present study was to assess the sport practice of young athletes affected by FFF having undergone the calcaneo-stop procedure. Methods Between 2008 and 2016, 68 sport practitioners were bilaterally treated by the calcaneo-stop procedure, for a total of 136 FFF cases. Clinical evaluation, including the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS), the Yoo et al score and The Foot & Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and FADI Sport scores were assessed. Radiographic evaluation was based on measurement of talar declination, Costa-Bertani's angle and calcaneal pitch. Results Mean follow-up was 57.6 months (sd 16.8). The AOFAS score mean increased from 79.3 (sd 5.7) to 97.3 (sd 4.5) three years after surgery. The Yoo score improved from 3.1 (sd 1.0) preoperatively to 11.7 (sd 0.6) three years after surgery. The FADI Sport subscale mean improved from 74.1 (sd 10.4) preoperatively to 95.9 (sd 4.9) three years after surgery. Costa-Bertani's angle decreased from 156.1° (sd 4.2°) to 135.8° (sd 7.3°) at three years postoperatively; mean talar declination angle decreased from 44.2° (sd 6.3°) to 30.6° (sd 3.2°) at three years postoperatively and mean calcaneal pitch increased from 12.6° (sd 2.3°) to 16.3° (sd 1.3°) at three years postoperatively. Conclusion Adolescent patients who underwent the calcaneo-stop procedure reported satisfactory outcomes in terms of clinical and radiological evaluations. Moreover, our results showed an improvement of sport activity levels, with patients recovering sports activity within three months of surgery and without limitation in the execution of preferred activities. Level of Evidence IV