bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why we don’t always punish: Preferences for non-punitive responses to moral violations
Authors: Heffner Joseph , FeldmanHall Oriel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile decades of research demonstrate that people punish unfair treatment, recent work illustrates that alternative, non-punitive responses may also be preferred. Across five studies (N = 1,010) we examine non-punitive methods for restoring justice. We find that in the wake of a fairness violation, compensation is preferred to punishment, and once maximal compensation is available, punishment is no longer the favored response. Furthermore, compensating the victim—as a method for restoring justice—also generalizes to judgments of more severe crimes: participants allocate more compensation to the victim as perceived severity of the crime increases. Why might someone refrain from punishing a perpetrator? We investigate one possible explanation, finding that punishment acts as a conduit for different moral signals depending on the social context in which it arises. When choosing partners for social exchange, there are stronger preferences for those who previously punished as third-party observers but not those who punished as victims. This is in part because third-parties are perceived as relatively more moral when they punish, while victims are not. Together, these findings demonstrate that non-punitive alternatives can act as effective avenues for restoring justice, while also highlighting that moral reputation hinges on whether punishment is enacted by victims or third-parties.
The Differences in the Characteristics of Insulin-producing Cells Using Human Adipose-tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Subcutaneous and Visceral Tissues
Authors: Wada Yuma , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Saito Yu , Yamada Shinichiro , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of insulin producing cells (IPCs) differentiated from adipose-tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and identify ADSCs suitable for differentiation into efficient and functional IPCs. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues collected from four (4) patients who underwent digestive surgeries at The Tokushima University (000035546) were included in this study. The insulin secretion of the generated IPCs was investigated using surface markers by: fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis; cytokine release; proliferation ability of ADSCs; in vitro (glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: (GSIS) test/in vivo (transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice). The less fat-related inflammatory cytokines secretions were observed (P < 0.05), and the proliferation ability was higher in the subcutaneous ADSCs (P < 0.05). Insulin expression and GISI were higher in the subcutaneous IPCs (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The hyperglycaemic state of all mice that received IPCs from subcutaneous fat tissue converted into normo-glycaemia in thirty (30) days post-transplantation (4/4,100%). Transplanted IPCs were stained using anti-insulin and anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies. The IPCs generated from the ADSCs freshly isolated from the human fat tissue had sufficient insulin secreting ability in vitro and in vivo.
Transcriptome analysis of Globodera pallida from the susceptible host Solanum tuberosum or the resistant plant Solanum sisymbriifolium
Authors: Kooliyottil Rinu , Dandurand Louise-Marie , Kuhl Joseph C. , Caplan Allan , Xiao Fangming , Mimee Benjamin , Lafond-Lapalme Joël 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA transcriptome analysis of G. pallida juveniles collected from S. tuberosum or S. sisymbriifolium 24 h post infestation was performed to provide insights into the parasitic process of this nematode. A total of 41 G. pallida genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed when parasitizing the two plant species. Among this set, 12 were overexpressed when G. pallida was parasitizing S. tuberosum and 29 were overexpressed when parasitizing S. sisymbriifolium. Out of the 12 genes, three code for secretory proteins; one is homologous to effector gene Rbp-4, the second is an uncharacterized protein with a signal peptide sequence, and the third is an ortholog of a Globodera rostochiensis effector belonging to the 1106 effector family. Other overexpressed genes from G. pallida when parasitizing S. tuberosum were either unknown, associated with a stress or defense response, or associated with sex differentiation. Effector genes namely Eng-1, Cathepsin S-like cysteine protease, cellulase, and two unknown genes with secretory characteristics were over expressed when G. pallida was parasitizing S. sisymbriifolium relative to expression from S. tuberosum. Our findings provide insight into gene regulation of G. pallida while infecting either the trap crop S. sisymbriifolium or the susceptible host, S. tuberosum.
A role of eosinophils in mediating the anti-tumour effect of cryo-thermal treatment
Authors: Jia Shengguo , Li Wentao , Liu Ping , Xu Lisa X. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious, we established a novel therapeutic approach to tumour of cryo-thermal therapy, which can induce durable anti-tumour memory immunity mediated by CD4+ T cell, and contribute to prolonged survival in B16F10 murine melanoma model and 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma. It has become apparent that innate immune cells are involved in the regulation of adaptive T cell immunity. Our previous studies revealed that cryo-thermal therapy induced M1 macrophage polarization and DCs maturation were required for the shaping of systemic long-lived T cell mediated anti-tumour memory immunity. Eosinophils are multifunctional innate effector cells and there is lack of knowledge on the role of eosinophils in cryo-thermal-induced anti-tumour immunity. This study revealed that cryo-thermal therapy activated eosinophils in spleen at early stage following the treatment. Furthermore, cryo-thermal-activated eosinophils exerted versatile immunologic regulation from innate immunity to anti-tumour adaptive immunity, such as M1 macrophage polarization, DCs maturation, differentiation of CD4-CTL subtypes and enhanced cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Our study indicated that the cryo-thermal-activated eosinophils was essential for the shaping of durable anti-tumour memory immunity. Thus, our results present a new concept for eosinophils mediated anti-tumour immunity after cryo-thermal therapy.
Increased fatty acyl saturation of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Koizumi Atsushi , Narita Shintaro , Nakanishi Hiroki , Ishikawa Masaki , Eguchi Satoshi , Kimura Hirotaka , Takasuga Shunsuke , Huang Mingguo , Inoue Takamitsu , Sasaki Junko , Yoshioka Toshiaki , Habuchi Tomonori , Sasaki Takehiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhosphoinositides (PIPs) participate in many cellular processes, including cancer progression; however, the metabolic features of PIPs associated with prostate cancer (PCa) are unknown. We investigated PIPs profiles in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cell lines, human prostate tissues obtained from patients with PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) specimens using mass spectrometry. In immortalized normal human prostate PNT1B cells, PTEN deficiency increased phosphatidylinositol tris-phosphate (PIP3) and decreased phosphatidylinositol mono- and bis-phosphate (PIP1 and PIP2), consistent with PTEN’s functional role as a PI(3,4,5)P3 3-phosphatase. In human prostate tissues, levels of total (sum of all acyl variants) phosphatidylinositol (PI) and PIP1 in PCa were significantly higher than in BPH, whereas PIP2 and PIP3 contents were significantly lower than in BPH. PCa patients had significantly higher proportion of PI, PIP1, and PIP2 with 0–2 double bonds in acyl chains than BPH patients. In subgroup analyses based on PCa aggressiveness, mean total levels of PI with 0–2 double bonds in acyl chains were significantly higher in patients with pathological stage T3 than in those with pathological stage T2. These data indicate that alteration of PIPs level and the saturation of acyl chains may be associated with the development and aggressiveness of prostate cancer, although it is unknown whether this alteration is causative.
Genotyping of circulating tumor DNA in cholangiocarcinoma reveals diagnostic and prognostic information
Authors: Ettrich T. J. , Schwerdel D. , Dolnik A. , Beuter F. , Blätte T. J. , Schmidt S. A. , Stanescu-Siegmund N. , Steinacker J. , Marienfeld R. , Kleger A. , Bullinger L. , Seufferlein T. , Berger A. W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is difficult, thus a noninvasive approach towards (i) assessing and (ii) monitoring the tumor-specific mutational profile is desirable to improve diagnosis and tailor treatment. Tumor tissue and corresponding ctDNA samples were collected from patients with CCA prior to and during chemotherapy and were subjected to deep sequencing of 15 genes frequently mutated in CCA. A set of ctDNA samples was also submitted for 710 gene oncopanel sequencing to identify progression signatures. The blood/tissue concordance was 74% overall and 92% for intrahepatic tumors only. Variant allele frequency (VAF) in ctDNA correlated with tumor load and in the group of intrahepatic CCA with PFS. 63% of therapy naive patients had their mutational profile changed during chemotherapy. A set of 76 potential progression driver genes was identified among 710 candidates. The molecular landscape of CCA is accessible via ctDNA. This could be helpful to facilitate diagnosis and personalize and adapt therapeutic strategies.
A smart friction control strategy enabled by CO2 absorption and desorption
Authors: Hua Jing , Björling Marcus , Grahn Mattias , Larsson Roland , Shi Yijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntelligent control of friction is an attractive but challenging topic and it has rarely been investigated for full size engineering applications. In this work, it is instigated if it would be possible to adjust friction by controlling viscosity in a lubricated contact. By exploiting the ability to adjust the viscosity of the switchable ionic liquids, 1,8-Diazabicyclo (5.4.0) undec-7-ene (DBU)/ glycerol mixture via the addition of CO2, the friction could be controlled in the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime. The friction decreased with increasing the amount of CO2 to the lubricant and increased after partial releasing CO2. As CO2 was absorbed by the liquid, the viscosity of the liquid increased which resulted in that the film thickness increased. At the same time the pressure-viscosity coefficient decreased with the addition of CO2. When CO2 was released again the friction increased and it was thus possible to control friction by adding or removing CO2.
Remission in Crohn’s disease is accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota and mucins production
Authors: Magro Daniéla Oliveira , Santos Andrey , Guadagnini Dioze , de Godoy Flavia Moreira , Silva Sylvia Helena Monteiro , Lemos Wilson José Fernandes , Vitulo Nicola , Torriani Sandra , Pinheiro Lilian Vital , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real , Saad Mario José Abdalla , Coy Claudio Saddy Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in remission do not exhibit an improvement in gut microbiota composition, which might trigger relapses. The present study investigated the dysbiosis and mucins production in CD patients during remission. We performed an analytical cross-sectional single center study, which recruited 18 CD patients and 18 healthy controls (CG) residing in the same home, meaning that all of the participants experienced the same environmental factors, with similar hygiene status, diet, pollution and other common lifestyle characteristics that may influence the composition of the gut microbiota. When compared to healthy controls, the CD patients exhibited lower microbial α-diversity (p = 0.047), a greater abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum (p = 0.037) and a reduction in the Deltaproteobacteria class (p = 0.0006). There was also a reduction in the Akkermansia (p = 0.002) and Oscillospira (p = 0.024) genera and in the proportion of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (p = 0.01). Additionally, CD patients in remission presented increased neutral (p = 0.001) and acid mucin (p = 0.002) concentrations. The reductions in the proportions of Oscollospira and Akkermansia genera, sulfate-reducing bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, observed in the CD group, may account for the increased mucins production observed in these patients.
Observation of spin–orbit coupling induced Weyl points in a two-electron double quantum dot
Authors: Scherübl Zoltán , Pályi András , Frank György , Lukács István Endre , Fülöp Gergő , Fülöp Bálint , Nygård Jesper , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Zaránd Gergely , Csonka Szabolcs 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent years have brought an explosion of activities in the research of topological aspects of condensed-matter systems. Topological phases of matter are accompanied by protected surface states or exotic degenerate excitations such as Majorana modes or Haldane’s localized spinons. Topologically protected degeneracies can, however, also appear in the bulk. An intriguing example is provided by Weyl semimetals, where topologically protected electronic band degeneracies and exotic surface states emerge even in the absence of interactions. Here we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that Weyl degeneracies appear naturally in an interacting quantum dot system, for specific values of the external magnetic field. These magnetic Weyl points are robust against spin–orbit coupling unavoidably present in most quantum dot devices. Our transport experiments through an InAs double-dot device placed in magnetic field reveal the presence of a pair of Weyl points, exhibiting a robust ground-state degeneracy and a corresponding protected Kondo effect.
Role and regulation of class-C flavodiiron proteins in photosynthetic organisms
Authors: Alboresi Alessandro , Storti Mattia , Cendron Laura , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The regulation of photosynthesis is crucial to efficiently support the assimilation of carbon dioxide and to prevent photodamage. One key regulatory mechanism is the pseudo-cyclic electron flow (PCEF) mediated by class-C flavodiiron proteins (FLVs). These enzymes use electrons coming from Photosystem I (PSI) to reduce oxygen to water, preventing over-reduction in the acceptor side of PSI. FLVs are widely distributed among organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis and they have been shown to be fundamental in many different conditions such as fluctuating light, sulfur deprivation and plant submersion. Moreover, since FLVs reduce oxygen they can help controlling the redox status of the cell and maintaining the microoxic environment essential for processes such as nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria. Despite these important roles identified in various species, the genes encoding for FLV proteins have been lost in angiosperms where their activity could have been at least partially compensated by a more efficient cyclic electron flow (CEF). The present work reviews the information emerged on FLV function, analyzing recent structural data that suggest FLV could be regulated through a conformational change.
Insulin and β-adrenergic receptors mediate lipolytic and anti-lipolytic signalling that is not altered by type 2 diabetes in human adipocytes
Authors: Jönsson Cecilia , Castor Batista Ana P. , Kjølhede Preben , Strålfors Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Control of fatty acid storage and release in adipose tissue is fundamental in energy homeostasis and the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We here take the whole signalling network into account to identify how insulin and β-adrenergic stimulation in concert controls lipolysis in mature subcutaneous adipocytes obtained from non-diabetic and, in parallel, type 2 diabetic women. We report that, and show how, the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin can be fully explained by protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-dependent activation of the phosphodiesterase PDE3B. Through the same PKB-dependent pathway β-adrenergic receptor signalling, via cAMP and PI3Kα, is anti-lipolytic and inhibits its own stimulation of lipolysis by 50%. Through this pathway both insulin and β-adrenergic signalling control phosphorylation of FOXO1. The dose–response of lipolysis is bell-shaped, such that insulin is anti-lipolytic at low concentrations, but at higher concentrations of insulin lipolysis was increasingly restored due to inhibition of PDE3B. The control of lipolysis was not altered in adipocytes from diabetic individuals. However, the release of fatty acids was increased by 50% in diabetes due to reduced reesterification of lipolytically liberated fatty acids. In conclusion, our results reveal mechanisms of control by insulin and β-adrenergic stimulation — in human adipocytes — that define a network of checks and balances ensuring robust control to secure uninterrupted supply of fatty acids without reaching concentrations that put cellular integrity at risk. Moreover, our results define how selective insulin resistance leave lipolytic control by insulin unaltered in diabetes, while the fatty acid release is substantially increased.
Multi-particle collisions in microgravity: Coefficient of restitution and sticking threshold for systems of mm-sized particles
Authors: Brisset J. , Miletich T. , Metzger J. , Rascon A. , Dove A. , Colwell J. 
Published: September 2019

Context. The current model of planet formation lacks a good understanding of the growth of dust particles inside the protoplanetary disk beyond mm sizes. A similar collisional regime exists in dense planetary rings. In order to investigate the low-velocity collisions between this type of particles, the NanoRocks experiment was flown on the International Space Station (ISS) between September 2014 and March 2016. We present the results of this experiment.
Aims. The objectives of our data analysis are the quantification of the damping of energy in systems of multiple particles in the 0.1–1 mm size range while they are in the bouncing regime, and the study of the formation of clusters through sticking collisions between particles.
Methods. We developed statistical methods for the analysis of the large quantity of collision data collected by the experiment. We measured the average motion of particles, the moment of clustering, and the cluster size formed. In addition, we ran simple numerical simulations in order to validate our measurements.
Results. We computed the average coefficient of restitution (COR) of collisions and find values ranging from 0.55 for systems including a population of fine grains to 0.94 for systems of denser particles. We also measured the sticking threshold velocities and find values around 1 cm s−1, consistent with the current dust collision models based on independently collected experimental data.
Conclusions. Our findings have the following implications that can be useful for the simulation of particles in PPDs and planetary rings: (1) The average COR of collisions between same-sized free-floating particles at low speeds (<2 cm s−1) is not dependent on the collision velocity; (2) The simplified approach of using a constant COR value will accurately reproduce the average behavior of a particle system during collisional cooling; (3) At speeds below 5 mm s−1, the influence of particle rotation becomes apparent on the collision behavior; (4) Current dust collision models predicting sticking thresholds are robust.
Intertester-Reliabilität und Kriteriumsvalidität bei der
Bestimmung der Haut- und Bindegewebewiderstände im physiologischen
Gewebe
Authors: Koller Thomas 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der Nachbehandlung von Verletzungen und daraus resultierenden
Bewegungseinschränkungen im Bereich des muskuloskelettalen Bewegungsapparates
ist die wundheilungsadaptierte Dosierung von größter Bedeutung. Voraussetzung
dafür sind sowohl das Erkennen der Bindegewebewiderstände als auch deren
Objektivierung. Nur so lassen sich die Überdosierung und eine daraus folgende
erneute Entzündungsphase vermeiden.Diese Pilotstudie erzielte gute Resultate bezüglich der Intertester-Reliabiliät
beim Erkennen der Widerständen im physiologischen Haut- und Bindegewebe. Die
Kriteriumsvalidität des verwendeten Messinstruments bleibt interpretierbar.
Synthesis of 13C-Labeled Steroids
Authors: Dénès Fabrice , Farard Julien , Lebreton Jacques 
Published: September 2019

Due to the wide spectrum of biological activities of steroids, the detection and quantification of steroidal residues in various biological materials are crucial for drug development, doping prevention, and environmental protection. In addition, the analytical technique of stable isotopic dilution (SID) by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) requires 13C-labeled steroids as standards to provide accurate and reproducible steroid quantification. In this context, the synthesis of 13C-labeled steroids is reviewed. The approaches based on partial synthesis starting from commercially available steroids have been, by far, the most commonly employed strategy.1	Introduction2	Hemisynthesis of 13C3-Labeled Steroids via Partial Degradation of the A Ring2.1	Degradation of the A Ring to an Enol Lactone2.1.1	Introduction of 13C Atom(s) via Claisen Condensation: Turner’s Strategy2.1.2	Introduction of 13C Atom(s) with 13C-Labeled 5-(Diethylphosphono)pentan-2-one Ethylene Ketal Based on the Fujimoto–Belleau Reaction2.2	Degradation of the A Ring and Introduction of 13C Atom(s) with [13C3]-1-(Triphenylphosphoranylidene)propan-2-one3	Construction of the A Ring from an α,β-Unsaturated Ketone with 13C-Labeled 1-Iodo-3,3-(ethylenedioxy)butane as Electrophile4	Construction of the A and B rings: Stork’s Strategy5	Hemisynthesis with Introduction of 13C Atom(s) in the C17 Side Chain6	Conclusion
Early Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury—Part I: Initial Injury to Surgery
Authors: Sacino Amanda , Rosenblatt Kathryn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute spinal cord injury is a devastating event associated with substantial morbidity worldwide. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury involves the initial mechanical trauma and the subsequent inflammatory response, which may worsen the severity of neurologic dysfunction. Interventions have been studied to reduce the extent of primary injury to the spinal cord through preventive measures and to mitigate secondary insult through early specialized care. Management, therefore, is multifold, interdisciplinary, and begins immediately at the time of injury. It includes the trauma triage, acute management of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and definitive treatment, mainly with surgical decompression and stabilization.
Asymptotic behaviour of a boundary layer solution to a stationary partly dissipative system with a multiple root of the degenerate equation
Authors: Butuzov V. F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We construct asymptotics with respect to a small parameter of a boundary layer solution of the boundary value problem for a system of two ordinary differential equations, one second order and the other first order, with a small parameter multiplying the derivatives in both equations. Systems of this type arise in chemical kinetics as stationary processes in models of fast reactions in the absence of diffusion for one of the reactants. An essential feature of the problem under study is a double root of one of the equations of the degenerate system. This leads to a qualitative change in the boundary layer component of the solution by comparison with the case when all the roots are simple. The boundary layer becomes multizoned, while the standard algorithm for constructing boundary layer series is no longer suitable and has to be replaced by a new one.
Bibliography: 13 titles.