bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Staff, Two Branches: The Queens Borough Public Library and New York City's Fiscal Crisis of the 1970s
Authors: Kroessler Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
During the fiscal crisis of the 1970s, New York City imposed deep budget cuts on the three library systems: the New York Public Library, the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Queens Borough Public Library. As the city cut budgets, the public demanded that libraries be kept open, and elected officials struggled to do both. The Queens Library's staff was reduced from over 1,100 to barely 700, with branches open only two or three days a week, with one staff serving both. New buildings remained vacant because the library lacked funds to operate them. When the library proposed closing some branches, the NAACP successfully sued. In the late 1970s, the three systems came to rely upon federal monies for the first time for basic operations. In the early 1980s the city regained its financial footing and library services stabilized, but the budgeting process for the libraries has remained politicized.
Fashion Triumphant and the Mechanism of Tautology in Two Nineteenth-Century Dystopias
Authors: Galant Justyna 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The article offers an analysis of two nineteenth-century dystopias as texts exceptional in their treatment of fashion as a phenomenon central to plot and character development, a feature that breaks with the tradition of seeing clothing as a relatively minor element in the structure of alternative eutopian and dystopian realities. A consideration of the two novels—J. L. Collins's Queen Krinaleen (1874) and Walter Besant's The Inner House (1888)—in view of Baudrillard's and Barthes's theories of fashion results in a semiotic reading that highlights the tautological function of the vestimentary code, which proves its strength by radically transforming the societies and determining the meaning formation mechanisms in both texts.
Legislación con enfoque de Derechos Humanos para la gestión de Desarrollo Humano Sostenible en Honduras
Authors: López Padilla Javier David 
Published: March 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito principal aportar, desde la Ciencia Jurídica, argumentos para desarrollar una propuesta que contribuya a mejorar las oportunidades del Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (en adelante DHS) en Honduras. Esta contribución académica nace del reconocimiento de la función de la Ley, como categoría jurídica y social ordenadora de las relaciones humanas en un contexto histórico determinado. Dicho reconocimiento sobre la función social de la Ley se refiere al marco de atribuciones y restricciones al que el estado de Honduras (en su carácter de organización política) debe ajustar sus decisiones, especialmente en la planificación del DHS.El objetivo principal de esta investigación es fortalecer al sistema jurídico nacional, reconociendo la relación entre las normas legales y el DHS en su condición de derecho humano, enfatizando la necesidad de proveer criterios para la generación de comunicación de las demandas sociales en el proceso de creación normativa por medio del enfoque de derechos humanos.El proceso de investigación desarrollado en el presente documento toma el enfoque del tridimensionalismo jurídico, en el cual se destacan elementos propios de las investigaciones socio-jurídicas cualitativas, de análisis crítico social del discurso legal constitucional, con inclusión de aplicaciones propias del Derecho Comparado.Uno de los principales hallazgos de este trabajo, alude a que la mayor cantidad de leyes en Honduras están enfocadas en los ámbitos administrativo-fiscal, mercantil y civil; y en cuarto lugar lo penal. Es necesario considerar que estos cuerpos normativos regulan en esencia la dimensión económica de la sociedad; para el caso, desde el punto de vista fiscal, se establecen los criterios que orientan al Estado en su función de recaudación de impuestos, la que a su vez está relacionada con la capacidad adquisitiva de los contribuyentes. La imposición de tributos es una prerrogativa de los Estados basada en la contribución que todos los ciudadanos de un país están llamados a prestar para mejorar las condiciones de vida social de la comunidad a la que pertenecen. En el caso de las esferas mercantil y civil, sus contenidos normativos regulan las actividades de las personas en su ámbito privado, y en especial, en la relación con el ejercicio del Derecho de Propiedad. Esto quiere decir que históricamente, la preocupación del legislador ha estado concentrada en la actividad económica de las personas que regula mediante las normas que promulga, ya sea en razón del ejercicio del derecho de propiedad para el uso, goce y disposición privada de los bienes sobre los que ejerce este derecho, o para la regulación de la explotación masiva del mismo y/o para la imposición de tributos en razón del patrimonio de las personas.
The vertical orbicularis oculi muscle turn-over procedure for the correction of paralytic ectropion of the lower eyelid
Authors: Azuma Ryuichi , Aoki Shimpo , Aizawa Tetsushi , Kuwabara Masahiro , Kiyosawa Tomoharu 
Published: March 2018

Background Static reconstruction surgery that tightens the tension of the inferior tarsus, thereby raising the lax lower eyelid, is a common treatment for paralytic ectropion of the lower eyelid. We present one such operative procedure, in which an orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used.
Methods The surgical technique involves partial resection of the tarsus and the skin, as well as a superior-based orbicularis oculi muscle flap that is sutured to the firm tissue present on the Whitnall tubercle. The muscle flap is approximately 7 mm in width and 15 mm in length, with a superior pedicle that is attached to the tarsus at the medial point of the resected tarsus. The procedure results in contact between the ocular surface and the lower eyelid.
Results The procedure was performed in 11 patients with lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis. Ten cases showed a favorable outcome following surgery, with stable results seen over an average follow-up period of 4.5 years. In one case, recurrence of ectropion was observed 2 months after surgery due to an insufficient correction, and the patient required repeat surgery.
Conclusions The orbicularis oculi muscle flap was an effective means of suspension and was able to maintain long-term traction tension. This procedure can therefore be considered a favorable treatment option for lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis.
Evidence-based economic analysis demonstrates that ecosystem service benefits of water hyacinth management greatly exceed research and control costs
Authors: Wainger Lisa A , Harms Nathan E , Magen Cedric , Liang Dong , Nesslage Genevieve M , McMurray Anna M , Cofrancesco Al F 
Published: March 2018

Invasive species management can be a victim of its own success when decades of effective control cause memories of past harm to fade and raise questions of whether programs should continue. Economic analysis can be used to assess the efficiency of investing in invasive species control by comparing ecosystem service benefits to program costs, but only if appropriate data exist. We used a case study of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), a nuisance floating aquatic plant, in Louisiana to demonstrate how comprehensive record-keeping supports economic analysis. Using long-term data sets, we developed empirical and spatio-temporal simulation models of intermediate complexity to project invasive species growth for control and no-control scenarios.
For Louisiana, we estimated that peak plant cover would have been 76% higher without the growth rate suppression that appeared due primarily to biological control agents. Our economic analysis revealed that combined biological and herbicide control programs, monitored over an unusually long time period (1975-2013), generated a benefit-cost ratio of about 34:1 based on benefits to anglers, waterfowl hunters, boating-dependent businesses, and water treatment facilities. This work adds to the literature by 1) providing evidence of the effectiveness of water hyacinth biological control; 2) demonstrating use of parsimonious spatio-temporal models to estimate benefits of invasive control; and 3) incorporating substitutability into economic benefit transfer to avoid overstating benefits. Our study suggests that robust and cost-effective economic analysis is enabled by good record keeping and generalizable models that can demonstrate management effectiveness and promote social efficiency of invasive species control.
Evaluation of Oil-Sediment Interactions and the Possibility of Oil Sinking in Marine Environments
Authors: Mirnaghi Fatemeh , Hua Yujuan , Hollebone Bruce P. , Brown Carl E. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT 2017-217
One of the major unknowns with respect to the fate and behavior of spilled dilbit is its state of buoyancy, particularly when mixed with sediments. What form do diluted bitumen and sediment mixtures take, and will they float or sink in water column?
In this study, we evaluated the fate and behavior of Cold Lake Blend-Winter at three different weathering states (i.e., fresh, medium, and heavily weathered) in high-energy mixing marine conditions, with (and without) sufficient concentrations of sediments to ensure formation of oil-particulate aggregates (OPA). Conventional light crude oil and intermediate and heavy fuel oils were also included to serve as references for behavior of other types of oils. Two mineral sediments including kaolin (fine) and sand (coarse) as well as natural sediment from the Douglas Channel (DC) in northern British Columbia, (medium) were used for this evaluation. The resulting OPAs were characterized in terms of buoyancy, OPA density, particle size distribution, and morphology to better understand the oil-sediment interaction. In the absence of sediment, mixing of the oils with water resulted in meso/entrained–water-in-oil mixtures; these mixtures remained floating on the water surface. However, in presence of kaolin or the DC sediments, a significant portion of the OPA sank to the bottom of the water column for all oils, with the exception of the light crude oil and the highly weathered Cold Lake Blend-Winter. The later did not uptake as much sediment and instead formed discrete free-floating tarballs. In experiments with the larger sand sediment, no OPAs formed. The density and particle size analysis revealed that the OPAs of the oils with higher viscosity tended to have larger densities and particle sizes. Microscopic examination of the OPAs showed that all consisted of oil droplets surrounded by sediment particles and were present in single droplet or multiple-droplet clusters.
Teaching and Coaching Caregivers in a Guatemalan Orphanage to Promote Language in Young Children
Authors: Hatcher Allison , Grisham-Brown Jennifer , Sese Kenneth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProviding evidence-based early intervention (EI) to caregivers is an effective way to promote development in young children. EI services in the United States have decreased risk factors associated with language impairment (LI) as they help improve both short and long-term outcomes for both caregivers and children. The positive results for EI services in the U.S. may generalize to Latin American countries, namely Guatemala. Guatemala has one of the weakest education systems in its region as well as poor access to early childhood services for low-SES and other disadvantaged groups. The purpose of this study was to provide brief EI services to a Guatemalan orphanage by training caregivers to implement naturalistic language support strategies with the young children they care for who are at risk for language impairment. Results indicate a brief caregiver-implemented intervention program was effective for teaching caregivers to implement language support strategies. Recommendations are made for future research as well as implications for policy and practice. Additional research is needed to determine how to facilitate maintenance over time.
Compromising Configurational Entropy Leading to Exceptional Thermoelectric Properties in SnTe‐Based Materials
Authors: Moshwan Raza , Zhang Min , Li Meng , Liu Siqi , Li Nanhai , Cao Tianyi , Liu Wei‐Di , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncorporating multiple atoms with different masses and radii at distinct atomic sites within a lattice matrix can increase its entropy and, in turn, enable a synergistic approach to both band structure and microstructure engineering. Modifying the band structure enhances electrical transport properties, while changes in the microstructure effectively suppress thermal transport properties, leading to significantly improved thermoelectric performance. Here, entropy engineering is employed to enhance the thermoelectric performance of the SnTe material system. The synergistic alloying of Ge, Mn, and In significantly alters the electronic band structure by merging four valence bands namely L, Σ, Λ, and X, and creating a resonant energy state near the Fermi level, resulting in an outstanding Seebeck coefficient of ≈97 µV K−1 at room temperature. The high density of point defects, Ge secondary phases, amorphous interfaces, phono–phonon interactions, and grain boundaries significantly disrupts the movement of heat‐carrying phonons, leading to an exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.32 W m−1 K−1, pushing it below the amorphous limit. Consequently, a peak figure of merit of 1.64 achieves at 873 K in Sn0.71Ge0.2Mn0.07In0.02Te. These findings lay the groundwork for developing advanced thermoelectric materials via entropy engineering.
Co‐Generation of Electricity and Chemicals From Methane Using Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Lyu Zewei , Liu Yaodong , Sciazko Anna , Komatsu Yosuke , Tao Junyi , Nakamura Akiko , Hara Toru , Sun Kaihua , Shikazono Naoki , Han Minfang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe co‐generation of electricity and chemicals via direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells (DIR‐SOFCs) offers a promising route to carbon‐neutral energy solutions. However, challenges such as inadequate performance and fast degradation, particularly when using hydrocarbon fuels like CH4, hinder the deployment of DIR‐SOFC technology. This study addresses three critical issues: the effect of fuel composition on electrochemical properties, the mechanisms and microstructural impacts of carbon deposition, and the practical feasibility of DIR‐SOFCs at an industrial scale. First, comprehensive polarization and impedance analyses are conducted to assess the impact of varying fuel compositions—specifically p(CH4) and p(H2O)—on DIR‐SOFC performance. Second, advanced morphological characterization, machine learning‐assisted 3D reconstructions, and numerical simulations are utilized to reveal carbon deposition behavior and its effects on anode microstructures. Quantitative analysis of carbon's impact on pores, Ni, and YSZ phases provides novel insights into carbon‐induced microstructural changes. Finally, the industrial‐scale co‐generation of electricity and chemicals is validated, emphasizing both energy efficiency and operational stability. This study enhances the understanding of electrochemical and microstructural mechanisms, offering crucial insights for optimizing DIR‐SOFC design and operation, and laying the groundwork for their broader adoption in a carbon‐neutral future.
Octahedral Co2+‐O‐Co3+ in Mixed Cobalt Spinel Promotes Active and Stable Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Daojin , Yu Jiaqi , Tang Jialun , Li Xiao‐Yan , Ou Pengfei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCobalt (Co)‐based oxides show promising activity as precious metal‐free catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, but the dissolution of Co has limited the durability of Co3O4 at industrially relevant current densities. This work demonstrates that cation in an octahedral coordination environment accounts for the oxygen evolution activity. Using a mixed inverse‐normal phase spinel CoxGa(3‐x)O4 as a proof‐of‐concept example, the designed Co2+‐O‐Co3+ motifs in octahedral sites trigger oxygen evolution through a kinetically favorable radical coupling pathway. Furthermore, lattice oxygen exchange, a leading factor in catalyst structural degradation for normal Co3O4, is suppressed, as evidenced by isotopic labeling experiments and theoretical calculations. With the optimized catalyst, Co1.8Ga1.2O4, an overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2 is reported, with stable operation at 200 mA cm−2 for 200 h in a three‐electrode setup, and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer operating at 200 mA cm−2 for 450 h.
General emergency physician perceptions of caring for children: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Toto Regina L. , Delgado Eva M. , Ketterer Tara , Berner Emily , Landau Sarah I. , Crowe Molly , Monroig Angeliz Caro , Haghighat Gillian Sedigh , Mollen Cynthia J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency physicians care for most children presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs). Pediatric exposure during emergency medicine (EM) residency can be variable and critically ill children are rarely encountered. A recent needs assessment revealed that emergency physicians feel less prepared to manage various conditions in children and that infants, regardless of presenting complaint, pose particular challenges. Emergency physician perceptions of the experience of caring for pediatric patients have not been widely examined through a qualitative lens.MethodsWe designed an interview‐based qualitative study to explore emergency physician perspectives on pediatric patient care. We recruited emergency physicians who graduated from residency in 2015–2019 and all rotated through the same large tertiary children's hospital. Four trained interviewers conducted in‐depth, one‐on‐one virtual interviews. An interdisciplinary team transcribed and then coded the interviews. The team performed a conventional content analysis for themes. Recruitment continued until thematic saturation was achieved.ResultsTwelve participants completed interviews. These participants trained in five diverse residency programs. Likewise, the participants now practice in a variety of settings. Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) experience and exposure are key to establishing comfort caring for children; (2) simulation, pathways, and the pediatric anesthesia rotation are educationally useful; and (3) caring for children poses unique emotional challenges. Participants shared many recommendations for future pediatric education for EM trainees, including increasing autonomy and exposure to neonates and considering how care might differ in a community setting.ConclusionsThis interview‐based qualitative study elucidates key themes in recently graduated emergency physicians’ perceived experience of caring for children. Our findings have important educational implications for this group of emergency physicians and those who share similar experiences in training and practice.
Optimizing the Prediction of Depression Remission: A Longitudinal Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Carr Ewan , Rietschel Marcella , Mors Ole , Henigsberg Neven , Aitchison Katherine J. , Maier Wolfgang , Uher Rudolf , Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter , Iniesta Raquel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDecisions about when to change antidepressant treatment are complex and benefit from accurate prediction of treatment outcome. Prognostic accuracy can be enhanced by incorporating repeated assessments of symptom severity collected during treatment. Participants (n = 714) from the Genome‐Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression study received escitalopram or nortriptyline over 12 weeks. Remission was defined as scoring ≤ 7 on the Hamilton Rating Scale. Predictors included demographic, clinical, and genetic variables (at 0 weeks) and measures of symptom severity (at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Longitudinal descriptors extracted with growth curves and topological data analysis were used to inform prediction of remission. Repeated assessments produced gradual and drug‐specific improvements in predictive performance. By Week 4, models' discrimination in all samples reached levels that might usefully inform treatment decisions (area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.777 for nortriptyline; AUC = 0.807 for escitalopram; AUC = 0.794 for combined sample). Decisions around switching or modifying treatments for depression can be informed by repeated symptom assessments collected during treatment, but not until 4 weeks after the start of treatment.
Simultaneous monitoring of epoxy value, hydroxyl value, and polymeric hydroxyl value during the ring opening of epoxidized soybean oils based on low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Yan Fengdan , Li Wenlong , Ye Zihan , Peng Dan , Bi Yanlan , Li Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLow‐field nuclear magnetic resonance technique combined with chemometrics was employed to establish the quantitative models for rapidly monitoring the changes of indicators (hydroxyl value (OHV), epoxy value (EV), polymeric hydroxyl value (POHV, reflecting the degree of polyetherification)) during the ring opening of epoxidized soybean oils. Comprehensively considering the variations of peak retention times and peak areas of LF‐NMR spectra, OHVs of vegetable oils‐based polyols were divided into low OHV (LOHV, 1.7–91.9 mg KOH/g) group and high OHV (HOHV, 94.1–229.4 mg KOH/g) group. In both LOHV and HOHV groups, OHV presented good linearity with T2w, S23, and STotal of relaxation property with correlation coefficient of >0.90. EV and POHV also presented good linearity with relaxation property in both LOHV and HOHV groups. In LOHV group, data segment 1–1000 ms was taken with Deresolve, no preprocessing, and Deresolve as preprocessing methods for OHV, EV, and POHV, respectively, and partial least square (PLS) as the modeling method for all the three indicators, where RMSEPs of OHV, EV, and POHV models were 4.282, 0.114, and 4.061, respectively. In HOHV group, data segment 1–1000 ms was taken with no preprocessing as the preprocessing method and PLS as the modeling method for all the three indicators, where RMSEPs of OHV, EV, and POHV models were 3.117, 0.088, and 4.964, respectively. The established method will benefit polyol industry to online adjust the production parameters according to the monitoring results and achieve high‐quality of vegetable oils‐based polyols.