bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent Electrode‐Free Light‐Emitting Devices Exploiting Ion Transport‐Controlled Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Yee Hyeono , Jung Keonhee , Park Junwoo , Choi Woochul , Kim Nam Hun , Kim Jungwook , Kang Moon Sung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransparent electrode‐free light‐emitting devices are presented that exploit electrochemiluminescence (ECL). These devices feature two side‐by‐side noble metal electrodes connected by an ECL active layer. The significance of bulk ion‐transport characteristics is investigated within the ECL active layer in producing uniform planar emission from the device. These characteristics can be enhanced by simply increasing the ECL active layer thickness or adding an ion gel electrolyte layer on top of the ECL active layer. The use of only electrochemically stable noble metal electrodes results in an operational lifetime exceeding 10 h, which is the longest lifetime reported for ECL‐based light‐emitting devices to date. The device structure based on ECL does not require transparent electrodes, allowing for increased flexibility when designing devices for future light‐emitting device applications.
One‐Step Synthesis of Closed‐Loop Recyclable and Thermally Superinsulating Polyhexahydrotriazine Aerogels
Authors: Wang Chang‐lin , Chen Yi‐Ru , Eisenreich Fabian , Tomović Željko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic aerogels are an advanced class of materials renowned for their ultralow thermal conductivity and highly porous architecture, making them ideal for applications in thermal insulation, catalysis, and chemical absorption. However, these polymeric networks pose environmental concerns as their permanently crosslinked scaffold makes recycling back to the original monomers virtually impossible. To tackle this issue and develop next‐generation organic aerogel, a set of polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) aerogels specifically designed for closed‐loop chemical recycling are prepared. Remarkably, these innovative materials can selectively be synthesized in a one‐step condensation reaction using commercially available aromatic amines. They showcase outstanding thermally insulating performance, along with strong mechanical performance, pronounced thermal stability, and intrinsic hydrophobicity, all achieved without the need for additional modifications. More importantly, these aerogels exhibit quantitative depolymerization under acidic aqueous conditions, achieving high yields and purities of the recovered monomers. The successful preparation of fresh organic aerogels from recycled monomers with nearly identical material properties underscores the efficiency and reliability of this recycling process. The facile one‐step synthesis process, combined with the high‐performance properties and excellent recyclability of these PHT aerogels, accelerates the advancement of sustainable thermally superinsulating materials.
Augmenting Protein Degradation Capacity of PROTAC through Energy Metabolism Regulation and Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Tan Mixiao , Li Xiaoyang , Cheng Long , Long Xianli , Cao Guoliang , Yu Shengji , Ran Haitao , Feng Helin , Wang Hai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for degrading over 70–80% of cellular proteins. Consequently, proteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are developed to induce the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of proteins of interest (POIs) by the UPS. To amplify the therapeutic efficacy of PROTACs, energy metabolism regulation is first harnessed to boost UPS function in tumor cells. Proteomic and ubiquitinome analyzes reveal that total ubiquitinated proteins and proteasome activity are significantly increased in 143B and MDA‐MB‐231 tumor cells following fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD) treatment. As a result, the degradation efficiency of PROTACs targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK‐P) or bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4‐P) is significantly enhanced in FMD‐treated 143B and MDA‐MB‐231 tumor cells. Then, silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles are developed modified with tumor cell membranes for targeted delivery of PROTACs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging confirm that nanocarriers significantly improve the delivery efficiency of PROTACs in FMD‐treated 143B or MDA‐MB‐231 tumors. In vivo studies demonstrate that the antitumor efficacy of FAK‐P and BRD4‐P is greatly augmented when combined with targeted delivery and FMD treatment. Overall, this study presents a strategy to enhance the efficacy of PROTACs in cancer therapy.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite for Ferroelectric Catalysis
Authors: Hu Huihui , Jing Zheng‐Yin , Pan Qiang , Sha Tai‐Ting , Ji Hao‐Ran , Cao Xiao‐Xing , Song Xian‐Jiang , Feng Zi‐Jie , Yao Jie , Zhou Ru‐Jie , Wang Cheng , Xiong Ren‐Gen , You Yu‐Meng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite ferroelectric has gained significant attention for its structural flexibility and diversity. They can directly utilize metal nodes and organic groups as active sites in catalysis. Additionally, their ferroelectric polarization occurs around these active sites, significantly enhancing catalytic activity and demonstrating immense potential for applications. However, their catalytic applications remain underexplored. This work marks the first utilization of the molecular perovskite ferroelectric [3,3‐difluorocyclobutylammonium]2CuCl4 (Cu‐DFCBA) as a catalyst for alkane oxidation. Under ultrasonic stimulation, it achieved a remarkable turnover number as high as 2402. Compared to inorganic ferroelectrics like lithium niobate (LiNbO3), the molecular ferroelectric exhibited a 1200‐fold increase in catalytic activity. This highlights Cu‐DFCBA's robust ferroelectric properties and underscores the vast potential of molecular ferroelectrics in catalysis, guiding future system designs.
Phosphor‐in‐Ceramic‐Converted Laser‐Driven Near‐Infrared Light Sources for Multiple Intelligent Spectroscopy Applications
Authors: Chen Weibin , Wang Yuzhen , Liu Gaochao , Li Chaojie , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltrabright broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted laser diode (pc‐LD) as a light source is increasingly essential for improving the sensitivity and spatial resolution of intelligent NIR spectroscopy technologies. However, the performance of NIR pc‐LD is greatly hindered by the low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor thermal resistance of phosphor materials. Herein, a highly stable phosphor‐in‐ceramic (PiC) film deposited on high thermal conductivity substrate, in which the NIR‐emitting Ca3MgHfGe3O12:Cr3+ phosphor is incorporated into a glass‐crystallized Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 ceramic matrix, along with the formation of a new type PiC composite material with high efficiency, absorbance, and thermal conductivity, is designed and prepared. The obtained PiC exhibits an impressive EQE of 57.7%, high thermal conductivity of 17.1 W m−1 K−1, and the PiC wheel demonstrates a broadband NIR emission exceeding 5 W when excited by a 450 nm laser. Finally, a groundbreaking electrically driven pc‐LD device based on PiC achieves 1.6 W of NIR output, enabling multiple intelligent spectroscopy applications in archaeology and night vision imaging. This work paves the way for advancing broadband NIR light sources in a diverse range of photonic applications.
Exfoliating Ti3AlC2 MAX into Ti3C2Tz MXene: A Powerful Strategy to Enhance High‐Voltage Dielectric Performance of Percolation‐Based PVDF Nanodielectrics
Authors: Windey Ruben , Goossens Nick , Cardous Marion , Soete Jeroen , Vleugels Jozef , Wevers Martine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state polymer dielectrics benefit from a superior voltage window and conveniently circumvent fire hazards associated with liquid electrolytes. Nevertheless, their future competitiveness with alternative energy storage technologies requires a significant enhancement in their energy density. The addition of conductive 2D MXene particles is a promising strategy for creating percolation‐based nanodielectrics with improved dielectric response. However, a full understanding of the nanodielectric production – microstructure – dielectric performance correlations is crucial. Therefore, this research considered Ti3AlC2 MAX phase and Ti3C2Tz MXene as electrically conductive ceramic fillers in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Microstructural characterization of both nanodielectrics demonstrated excellent filler dispersion. Additionally, the exfoliation of Ti3AlC2 brought forth extensive alignment and interface accessibility, synergistically activating a pronounced interfacial polarization and nanocapacitor mechanism that enhanced the energy density of PVDF by a factor 100 to 3.1 Wh kg−1@0.1 Hz at 22.9 vol% MXene filler. The stellar increase in the PVDF energy density occurred for a broad MXene filler loading range owing to the unique 2D morphology of MXenes, whereas the addition of Ti3AlC2 fillers only caused a detrimental reduction. Hence, this study buttressed the importance to exfoliate the parental MAX phase into multi‐layered MXene as a decisive strategy for boosting nanodielectric performance.
Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons Control Physical Nicotine Withdrawal via Muscarinic Receptor Signaling
Authors: Kim Baeksun , Kim Han Ah , Woo Junsung , Lee Hyeon‐Jeong , Kim Tae Kyoo , Min Hophil , Lee C. Justin , Im Heh‐In 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStriatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) provide acetylcholine tone to the striatum and govern motor functions. Nicotine withdrawal elicits physical symptoms that dysregulate motor behavior. Here, the role of striatal ChIs in physical nicotine withdrawal is investigated. Mice under RNAi‐dependent genetic inhibition of striatal ChIs (ChIGI) by suppressing the sodium channel subunit NaV1.1, lessening action potential generation and activity‐dependent acetylcholine release is first generated. ChIGI markedly reduced the somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal without affecting other nicotine‐dependent or striatum‐associated behaviors. Multielectrode array (MEA) recording revealed that ChIGI reversed ex vivo nicotine‐induced alterations in the number of neural population spikes in the dorsal striatum. Notably, the drug repurposing strategy revealed that a clinically‐approved antimuscarinic drug, procyclidine, fully mimicked the therapeutic electrophysiological effects of ChIGI. Furthermore, both ChIGI and procyclidine prevented the nicotine withdrawal‐induced reduction in striatal dopamine release in vivo. Lastly, therapeutic intervention with procyclidine dose‐dependently diminished the physical signs of nicotine withdrawal. The data demonstrated that the striatal ChIs are a critical substrate of physical nicotine withdrawal and that muscarinic antagonism holds therapeutic potential against nicotine withdrawal.
Amoeba‐Inspired Soft Robot for Integrated Tumor/Infection Therapy and Painless Postoperative Drainage
Authors: Zhou Wanyi , Xiong Peizheng , Ge Yiman , He Yuhan , Sun Yue , Zhang Gang , Chen Yifan , Wu Chunhui , Zhang Wei , Liu Yiyao , Yang Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTumor recurrence and wound infection are devastating complications of wide excision surgery for melanoma, and deep postoperative wound drainage typically increases pain. An amoeba‐inspired magnetic soft robot (ASR) with switchable dormant and active phases is developed to address the aforementioned challenges. The dormant ASR supports wounds through its solid‐like elasticity and regulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels bidirectionally, promoting healing in infected wounds and eliminating residual tumors. It solves the challenge caused by the contradictory need for ROS scavenging in wound healing and ROS amplification in tumor/infection management. The active ASR removes absorbed wound exudate by crawling out from irregular wounds; interestingly, this crawling motion prevents damage to fragile tissues and alleviates wound pain via “non‐direct friction.” More importantly, ASR switches different states in response to an alternating magnetic field owing to its magnetothermal properties, and this process also exerts synergistic antitumor and bacteriostatic effects. Due to the appropriate mechanical structure (cohesive force) of ASR, the content of magnetic nanoparticles required to drive the ASR is ten‐fold lower than that of conventional magnetic soft robots, enabling in vivo degradation. These outcomes highlight the vantage of the ASR for treating post‐tumor excision wounds and underscore their potential for clinical application.
Coordination‐Induced Magnetism Strategy for Highly Selective and Efficient Uranium Separation
Authors: Zhao Shilei , Feng Tiantian , Zhang Jiacheng , Cao Meng , Feng Lijuan , Ma Yue , Liu Tao , Yuan Yihui , Wang Ning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHighly efficient separation of dispersed uranium is important for the sustainable development of nuclear industry, and adsorption is the most recognized approach. However, there are many coexisting interfering metal ions that compete with uranyl ion for the chelating ligands in the adsorbents and lead to low separation selectivity and efficiency. Herein, a coordination‐induced magnetism strategy is presented for the separation of uranium based on the conversion of diamagnetic cyanoferrocene (Fc‐CN) nanocrystals to uranium‐containing magnetic recoverable ferromagnetic aggregates. Different from previous adsorption strategies, this strategy combines the mechanisms of photocatalytic uranium enrichment and chemical uranium adsorption. Under light irradiation, electron of Fe(II) in Fc‐CN is excited and transfers to uranyl ion via the cyano group to form tight coordination bond between N atom in cyano group and uranium. This phenomenon is unique for uranyl ion, and thus, a high uranium removal rate of 97.98% is achieved in simulated nuclear wastewater with the presence of tremendous interfering ions, proving its highly selective and efficient uranium separation performance. The ability to form highly stable magnetic aggregates via photoinduced interaction between Fc‐CN and uranium enriches the understanding on the chemical properties of Fc‐CN and uranium.
Protonation‐Driven Polarization Retention Failure in Nano‐Columnar Lead‐Free Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Sheeraz Muhammad , Ahn Chang Won , Duong Nguyen Xuan , Hwang Soo‐Yoon , Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Eun‐Young , Kim Yoon Ki , Lee Jaeyeong , Jin Jong Sung , Bae Jong‐Seong , Lee Myang Hwan , Han Hyoung‐Su , Kim Gi‐Yeop , Cho Shinuk , Song Tae Kwon , Yang Sang Mo , Bu Sang Don , Baek Seung‐Hyub , Choi Si‐Young , Kim Ill Won , Kim Tae Heon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding microscopic mechanisms of polarization retention characteristics in ferroelectric thin films is of great significance for exploring unusual physical phenomena inaccessible in the bulk counterparts and for realizing thin‐film‐based functional electronic devices. Perovskite (K,Na)NbO3 is an excellent class of lead‐free ferroelectric oxides attracting tremendous interest thanks to its potential applications to nonvolatile memory and eco‐friendly energy harvester/storage. Nonetheless, in‐depth investigation of ferroelectric properties of (K,Na)NbO3 films and the following developments of nano‐devices are limited due to challenging thin‐film fabrication associated with nonstoichiometry by volatile K and Na atoms. Herein, ferroelectric (K,Na)NbO3 films of which the atomic‐level geometrical structures strongly depend on thickness‐dependent strain relaxation are epitaxially grown. Nanopillar crystal structures are identified in fully relaxed (K,Na)NbO3 films to the bulk states representing a continuous reduction of switchable polarization under air environments, that is, polarization retention failures. Protonation by water dissociation is responsible for the humidity‐induced retention loss in nano‐columnar (K,Na)NbO3 films. The protonation‐driven polarization retention failure originates from domain wall pinning by the accumulation of mobile hydrogen ions at charged domain walls for effective screening of polarization‐bound charges. Conceptually, the results will be utilized for rational design to advanced energy materials such as photo‐catalysts enabling ferroelectric tuning of water splitting.
Suitability of Monospecific and Mixed Microalgal Diets for Spat of the Silver‐Lip Pearl Oyster Pinctada maxima
Authors: Sanders Serena , Militz Thane A. , Southgate Paul C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExpansion of pearl production using the silver‐lip pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, depends on increasing the availability of high‐quality spat from hatcheries and optimization of existing hatchery protocols. Research to develop feeding regimes yielding higher quality spat is seen as a priority. This study evaluated the suitability of three microalgae (Rebecca salina, Chaetoceros simplex and Tisochrysis lutea), fed singly and in combination, for spat of P. maxima and assessed whether mixed diets yielded spat of higher quality. A model‐fitting approach examined the response of spat fed microalgal diets for 35 days. Organic content of spat, as an indicator of quality, as well as metrics relating to spat size and weight were considered. On the basis of organic content, all microalgal diets tested were found suitable and there was no evidence that the mixed diets yielded higher quality spat compared to monospecific diets. Further, any gains in spat size attributed to the mixed microalgal diets were comparatively modest. Contrary to long‐held assumptions, our results indicate that monospecific microalgal diets are not necessarily inferior to mixed microalgal diets for on‐growing spat of P. maxima. They indicate potential to develop simpler and cheaper protocols for culture of P. maxima spat in land‐based systems.
Comparative analysis of RNN versus IIR digital filtering to optimize resilience to dynamic perturbations in pH sensing for vertical farming
Authors: Hinojosa‐Meza Rolando , Rivera Martín Montes , Vacas‐Jacques Paulino , Escalante‐Garcia Nivia , Dena‐Aguilar José Alonso , Sanchez Aldonso Becerra , Olvera‐Gonzalez Ernesto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVertical farming (VF) refers to systems of agriculture where crops are grown in trays stacked vertically by exposing them to artificial light and using sensing technology to improve product quality and yield. In this work, we propose an advanced filtering scheme based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and deep learning to enable efficient control strategies for VF applications. We demonstrate that the best RNN model incorporates five neuron layers, with the first and second containing 90 long short‐term memory neurons. The third layer implements one gated recurrent units neuron. The fourth segment incorporates one RNN network, while the output layer is designed by using a single neuron exhibiting a rectified linear activation function. By utilizing this RNN digital filter, we introduce two variations: (1) a scaled RNN model to tune the filter to the signal of interest, and (2) a moving average filter to eliminate harmonic oscillations of the output waveforms. The RNN models are contrasted with conventional digital Butterworth, Chebyshev I, Chebyshev II, and elliptic infinite impulse response (IIR) configurations. The RNN digital filtering schemes avoid introducing unwanted oscillations, which makes them more suitable for VF than their IIR counterparts. Finally, by utilizing the advanced features of scaling of the RNN model, we demonstrate that the RNN digital filter can be pH selective, as opposed to conventional IIR filters.
Kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils
Authors: Keyhaninejad Reza , Amirinejad Aliashraf , Fatemi Akram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDifferent methods have developed to reduce the risks of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils. Among them, adsorption is one of the most important and effective strategies. In this research, kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils were investigated. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included three types of adsorbents (sunflower's biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite), four levels of Cd (0, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L as Cd (NO3)2), and three soil samples, differing in their cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, and calcium carbonate equivalent. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate Cd adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Furthermore, the effect of adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial pH on the adsorption efficiency was examined. Optimizing studies revealed that the best pH for Cd adsorption was 5, while the optimal equilibrium time was achieved at 24 h. The results showed that the Freundlich model fitted to the experimental data slightly better than the Langmuir model. Moreover, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model better described the kinetic behavior of Cd adsorption for the investigated adsorbents. The maximum Cd removal efficiency (99%) belonged to soil No. 2 with biochar. Lastly, it was concluded that sunflower biochar, a cheap and cost‐effective adsorbent, had high efficiency in Cd adsorption in calcareous soils.
LAMP‐MS for Locus‐Specific Visual Quantification of DNA 5 mC and RNA m6A Using Ultra‐Low Input
Authors: Xie Runyu , Yang Xiaotong , He Weizhi , Luo Zhongguang , Li Wenshuai , Xu Chu , Cui Xiaolong , Zhang Wei , Wei Ning , Wang Xiaolan , Shi Yixiang , He Chuan , Liu Jie , Hu Lulu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnhancing the effectiveness of utilizing circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) for disease screening remains a challenge, necessitating improved sensitivity, specificity, cost‐efficiency, and patient adherence. We present here LAMP‐MS, an innovative technology that integrates linear amplification with single‐base quantitative nucleic acid mass spectrometry on silicon chips. This approach overcomes several limitations in utilizing cfDNA 5‐methylcytosine (5 mC) status for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. LAMP‐MS enables unbiased amplification of as little as 1 ng of cfDNA, site‐specifically quantify methylation levels of multiple 5 mC sites, thereby facilitating cost‐effective, high‐resolution quantitative detection of cfDNA methylation markers. We have validated the accuracy of DNA methylation determination using DNA probes and cfDNA from patient plasma samples, confirmed by mass spectrometric peak areas. Additionally, we have further shown this Mass Array technology could be expanded to also quantify RNA m6A modification sites. Combining the ability to work with ultra‐low input materials and a visually interpretable output, LAMP‐MS stands out as a promising method for real‐world applications in clinics and laboratories for nucleic acid methylation detection and quantification.
Planar Pentacoordinate Halogens
Authors: Cui Li‐juan , Miao Lin‐hong , Orozco‐Ic Mesías , Li Lu , Pan Sudip , Merino Gabriel , Cui Zhong‐hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlanar hypercoordinate motifs represent an intriguing frontier in chemistry, challenging traditional bonding norms. As electronegativity of the central atom increases, achieving planar hypercoordination becomes more difficult due to restricted delocalization, making the design of planar hypercoordinate halogens particularly puzzling. Here, we conduct an extensive computational survey of LinXn+1− (n=4, 5, 6; X=F, Cl, Br, I) clusters, revealing a starlike D5h‐symmetry global minimum in Li5X6− (X=F, Cl, Br) with a planar pentacoordinate halogen (ppX), where X− is located at the center of Li5X5 crown. The clusters are stabilized predominantly through electrostatic interactions between X− and Li5X5, complemented by weak covalent bonding from dative interaction. Due to the weak orbital overlap, ppX clusters exhibit localized diatropic ring currents around X and Li.