bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myosteatosis is associated with poor physical fitness in patients undergoing hepatopancreatobiliary surgery
Authors: West Malcolm A. , van Dijk David P.J. , Gleadowe Fredrick , Reeves Thomas , Primrose John N. , Abu Hilal Mohammed , Edwards Mark R. , Jack Sandy , Rensen Sander S.S. , Grocott Michael P.W. , Levett Denny Z.H. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBody composition assessment, measured using single‐slice computed tomography (CT) image at L3 level, and aerobic physical fitness, objectively measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), are each independently used for perioperative risk assessment. Sarcopenia (i.e. low skeletal muscle mass), myosteatosis [i.e. low skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SM‐RA)], and impaired objectively measured aerobic fitness (reduced oxygen uptake) have been associated with poor post‐operative outcomes and survival in various cancer types. However, the association between CT body composition and physical fitness has not been explored. In this study, we assessed the association of CT body composition with selected CPET variables in patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.MethodsA pragmatic prospective cohort of 123 patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery were recruited. All patients underwent preoperative CPET. Preoperative CT scans were analysed using a single‐slice CT image at L3 level to assess skeletal muscle mass, adipose tissue mass, and muscle radiation attenuation. Multivariate linear regression was used to test the association between CPET variables and body composition. Main outcomes were oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (
O2 at AT), oxygen uptake at peak exercise (
O2 peak), skeletal muscle mass, and SM‐RA.ResultsOf 123 patients recruited [77 men (63%), median age 66.9 ± 11.7, median body mass index 27.3 ± 5.2], 113 patients had good‐quality abdominal CT scans available and were included. Of the CT body composition variables, SM‐RA had the strongest correlation with
O2 peak (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and
O2 at AT (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) while skeletal muscle mass was only weakly associated with
O2 peak (r = 0.24, P < 0.010). In the multivariate analysis, only SM‐RA was associated with
O2 peak (B = 0.25, 95% CI 0.15–0.34, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.42) and
O2 at AT (B = 0.13, 95% CI 0.06–0.18, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.26).ConclusionsThere is a positive association between preoperative CT SM‐RA and preoperative physical fitness (
O2 at AT and at peak). This study demonstrates that myosteatosis, and not sarcopenia, is associated with reduced aerobic physical fitness. Combining both myosteatosis and physical fitness variables may provide additive risk stratification accuracy and guide interventions during the perioperative period.
Simultaneous determination of short‐chain fatty acids in human feces by HPLC with ultraviolet detection following chemical derivatization and solid‐phase extraction segmental elution
Authors: Wang Huai‐You , Wang Cheng , Guo Lin‐Xiu , Zheng Yun‐Feng , Hu Wei‐Hui , Dong Tina T. X. , Wang Tie‐Jie , Tsim Karl W. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids are currently the most studied metabolites of gut microbiota, but the analysis of them, simultaneously, is still challenging due to their unique property and wide concentration range. Here, we developed a sensitive and versatile high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method, using pre‐column derivatization and solid‐phase extraction segmental elution, for the quantification of both major and trace amounts of short‐chain fatty acids in human feces. Short‐chain fatty acids were converted to 3‐nitrophenylhydrazine‐derived analytes, and then solid‐phase extraction segmental elution was used for extraction of major analytes and enrichment of trace analytes. The method validation showed limits of quantitation ˂0.04 mM, and coefficient of determination > 0.998 at a wide range of 0.04–8.0 mM. The intra‐ and interday precision of analytes were all within accepted criteria, and the recoveries were 96.12 to 100.75% for targeted analytes in fecal samples. This method was successfully applied in quantification of eight analytes in human feces, which therefore could provide a sensitive and versatile high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method for precise and accurate quantitation of short‐chain fatty acids in human feces.
Does Caragana korshinskii plantation increase soil carbon continuously in a water‐limited landscape on the Loess Plateau, China?
Authors: Chai Qinglin , Ma Zhanying , An Qiqi , Wu Gao‐Lin , Chang Xiaofeng , Zheng Jiyong , Wang Guojie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough afforestation of nitrogen‐fixing shrubs, especially Caragana korshinskii in semiarid areas, is expected to improve ecosystem restoration and carbon sequestration, water shortage induced by these thirsty shrubs may negate potential benefits. Yet there is poor understating of the persistence of soil carbon sequestration in nitrogen‐fixing shrub plantations. Here, we selected three C. korshinskii plantations with different ages (10, 20, and 30 years) on the Loess Plateau to evaluate the persistence of soil carbon sink. We examined dynamics of soil carbon, total nitrogen, and soil water, as well as their relationships along the plantation ages. The results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) were tightly coupled. SOC, STN, and soil water stocks (0–100 cm) were significantly decreased by 23.9%, 19.9%, and 29.2% from 10 to 30 years, respectively. The reduction of SOC and STN was likely caused by lowered intercanopy herbaceous productivity due to soil drying and intensified competition from shrubs. We present evidence that the positive carbon sequestration by afforestation of leguminous shrub in short term may be further weakened by water shortage, making our ability to restore degraded land in semiarid regions more challenging than previously thought. Therefore, it is essential to improve management of afforestation land such as thinning for maintaining SOC sequestration persistently in water‐limited areas.
Regulatory Roles of Pectin Oligosaccharides on Immunoglobulin Production in Healthy Mice Mediated by Gut Microbiota
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Hu Haijuan , He Wanying , Muhammad Zafarullah , Wang Lufeng , Liu Fengxia , Pan Siyi 
Published: May 2019

ScopeThe prebiotic regulation of the gut microbiota is a promising strategy to induce protective humoral and mucosal immune responses. The potential immune‐improving effects of pectin oligosaccharides (POS) in healthy mice and the potential mechanism mediated by specific intestinal bacteria are investigated.Methods and resultsPOS is prepared using a hydrogen‐peroxide‐assisted degradation. Mice that consumed diets containing POS are tested for microbial community shifts, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and immunoglobulin (Ig) production using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, gas chromatography, and ELISA kits. Pearson's correlation analyses are performed between Ig production and specific intestinal bacteria or SCFAs. POS treatment significantly improves the growth of healthy mice. Moreover, 4‐week POS administration results in a profound change in intestinal microbial composition and a significantly higher fecal concentration of acetate, which leads to substantial increases of the levels of fecal secretory immunoglobulin A and serum IgG.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the inclusion of POS in a diet can increase Ig production and optimize the composition of the gut microbiota. A significant correlation is observed between changes in Ig production and specific intestinal bacteria or acetate, providing insight into the mechanism of POS as a potential immune‐enhancing supplement.
Buried Ice and Sand Caps at the North Pole of Mars: Revealing a Record of Climate Change in the Cavi Unit With SHARAD
Authors: Nerozzi S. , Holt J. W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cavi unit at the north pole of Mars is a deposit of aeolian sand and water ice underlying the Late Amazonian north polar layered deposits. Its strata of Middle to Late Amazonian age record wind patterns and past climate. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Shallow Radar (SHARAD) reveals extensive internal and basal layering within the cavi unit, allowing us to determine its general structure and relative permittivity. Assuming a basalt composition for the sand (ε′ = 8.8), results indicate that cavi contains an average ice fraction between 62% in Olympia Planum and 88% in its northern reaches beneath the north polar layered deposits and thus represents one of the largest water reservoirs on the planet. Internal reflectors indicate vertical variability in composition, likely in the form of alternating ice and sand layers. The ice layers may be remnants of former polar caps and thus represent a unique record of climate cycles predating the north polar layered deposits.
The Onset and Growth of the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm
Authors: Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Hernández‐Bernal J. , Delcroix M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe analyze the onset and initial expansion of the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm (GDS 2018) using ground‐based images in the visual range. This is the first case of a confirmed GDS initiating in the Northern Hemisphere. A dusty area extending about 1.4×105 km2 and centered at latitude +31.7°±1.8° and west longitude 18°±5°W in Acidalia Planitia was captured on 30 and 31 May 2018 (Ls = 184.9°). From 1 to 8 June, daily image series showed the storm expanding southward along the Acidalia corridor with velocities of 5 m/s and simultaneously progressing eastward and westward with horizontal velocities ranging from 5 to 40 m/s. By 8 June the dust reached latitude ‐55° and later penetrated in the South polar region, whereas in the North the dust progression stopped at latitude approximately +46°. We compare the onset and expansion stage of this GDS with the previous confirmed storms.
Balancing Open Science and Data Privacy in the Water Sciences
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Stack Whitney Kaitlin , Deines Jillian M. , Befus Kevin M. , Bhatia Udit , Albers Sam J. , Beecher Janice , Brelsford Christa , Garcia Margaret , Gleeson Tom , O'Donnell Frances , Resnik David , Schlager Edella 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOpen science practices such as publishing data and code are transforming water science by enabling synthesis and enhancing reproducibility. However, as research increasingly bridges the physical and social science domains (e.g., socio‐hydrology), there is the potential for well‐meaning researchers to unintentionally violate the privacy and security of individuals or communities by sharing sensitive information. Here we identify the contexts in which privacy violations are most likely to occur, such as working with high‐resolution spatial data (e.g., from remote sensing), consumer data (e.g., from smart meters), and/or digital trace data (e.g., from social media). We also suggest practices for identifying and addressing privacy concerns at the individual, institutional, and disciplinary levels. We strongly advocate that the water science community continue moving toward open science and socio‐environmental research and that progress toward these goals be rooted in open and ethical data management.
The Indirect Mineral Carbonation of Electric Arc Furnace Slag Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Tong Zhibo , Ma Guojun , Zhou Dan , Yang Gang , Peng Cheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe indirect mineral carbonation of industrial residues is one of the potential technologies for CO2 sequestration. In this paper, the leaching and carbonation of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag under microwave irradiation was investigated. The experimental results show that the main reactive calcium-containing phase in the EAF slag carbonation process is calcium silicate, and the final leaching ratio of larger particles is lower than that of smaller particles due to the silica layer produced on the surface of the calcium silicate. The Drozdov equation with a self-impeding coefficient can describe EAF slag leaching kinetics under microwave irradiation. The explosive homogeneous nucleation phenomenon under microwave irradiation contributes to the thinning and narrowing of crystals. Microwave irradiation can inhibit the crystaltype transformation of vaterite.
Pan-cancer analysis connects tumor matrisome to immune response
Authors: Lim Su Bin , Chua Melvin Lee Kiang , Yeong Joe Poh Sheng , Tan Swee Jin , Lim Wan-Teck , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent sequencing efforts unveil genomic landscapes of tumor microenvironment. A key compartment in this niche is the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its related components – matrisome. Yet, little is known about the extent to which matrisome pattern is conserved in progressive tumors across diverse cancer types. Using integrative genomic approaches, we conducted multi-platform assessment of a measure of deregulated matrisome associated with tumor progression, termed as tumor matrisome index (TMI), in over 30,000 patient-derived samples. Combined quantitative analyses of genomics and proteomics reveal that TMI is closely associated with mutational load, tumor pathology, and predicts survival across different malignancies. Interestingly, we observed an enrichment of specific tumor-infiltrating immune cell populations, along with signatures predictive of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, and clinically targetable immune checkpoints in TMIhigh tumors. B7-H3 emerged as a particularly promising target for anti-tumor immunity in these tumors. Here, we show that matrisomal abnormalities could represent a potential clinically useful biomarker for prognostication and prediction of immunotherapy response.
CTRP3 is Significantly Decreased in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Closely Related with Osteoporosis
Authors: Demirtas Derya , Acıbucu Fettah , Baylan Filiz Alkan , Gulumsek Erdinc , Saler Tayyibe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background Adipokines derived from adipocytes are one of the important
factors that act as circulating regulators of bone metabolism. Complement
C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3), a paralog of
adiponectin, is are member of the CTRP superfamily. The aim of this study was to
investigate the role of serum CTRP3 in the development of osteoporosis in
patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Methods This study included 53 patients with diagnosed primary
hyperparathyroidism and 30 healthy controls. Laboratory tests for the diagnosis
of primary hyperparathyroidism and serum levels of CTRP3 measured for all
patients. Bone mineral density was obtained on lumbar spine 1 and 4 by dual
energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results Serum CTRP3 levels were lower in patients with primary
hyperparathyroidism than in the control group (p<0.001). In addition,
primary hyperparathyroidism patients are were divided into two groups as, with
and without osteoporosis; the levels of CTRP3 were lower in patients with
osteoporosis than in patients without osteoporosis (p=0.004). In
logistic regression analysis, only CTRP3 levels independently determined the
patients to be osteoporosis (p<0.05). According to this analysis,
decreased CTRP3 (per 1 ng/mL) levels were found to increase the
risk of patients for osteoporosis by 6.9%. When the CTRP3 cut-off values
were taken as 30 ng/mL, it determined osteoporosis with
76.4% sensitivity and 73.2% specificity. CTRP3 and urine calcium
levels were independently associated with T score in dual energy X-ray
absorptiometry.
Conclusions CTRP3 levels were significantly decreased in patients with
primary hyperparathyroidism, and it is also related to osteoporosis.
Weinreb Amides as Privileged Acylating Agents for Accessing α-Substituted Ketones
Authors: Senatore Raffaele , Ielo Laura , Monticelli Serena , Castoldi Laura , Pace Vittorio 
Published: May 2019

The acylation of α-substituted carbanion-type reagents (MCR1R2X; X = halogen, OR, SR, NR3R4, SeR, etc.) with Weinreb amides constitutes a highly versatile and flexible approach for accessing α-functionalized ketones. In this short review we will present a series of transformations—from our own and the work of others—documenting the general applicability of the methodology. Chemoselectivity is uniformly manifested including for critical substrates featuring additional electrophilic functionalities or sterically demanding elements. Importantly, the stereochemical information contained in the Weinreb amides can be fully transferred to the targeted ketones without affecting the optical purity. The protocol is also applicable to chiral carbanions generated through sparteine-mediated asymmetric deprotonation: the careful design of the experimental procedure allows recycling of the sparteine and the Weinreb ‘amine’ (N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine), thus improving the sustainability perspective of the processes.1	Introduction1.1	The Problem of the Synthesis of α-Substituted Ketones1.2	Weinreb Amides: General Features and Preparation2	Synthesis of α-Substituted Ketones2.1	α-Haloketones2.2	Synthesis of α-Cyanoketones2.3	Synthesis of α-Oxyketones2.4	Synthesis of β-Oxo Thioethers (α-Thioketones)2.5	Synthesis of Chiral α-Oxy and α-Nitrogen Ketones via the Sparteine-Mediated Generation of Optically Active Organolithiums2.6	Synthesis of α-Selenomethyl Ketones2.7	Reactivity of α-Phosphorus Carbanions with Weinreb Amides2.8	Modification of the Weinreb Amide Core: The CLAmP Reagent3	Competing Attack of Nucleophiles at More Reactive Electrophilic Sites than Weinreb Amides4	Conclusions
Once-daily Doravirine for Initial Treatment of Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus–1: An Integrated Safety Analysis
Authors: Thompson Melanie , Orkin Chloe , Molina Jean-Michel , Sax Paul , Cahn Pedro , Squires Kathleen , Xu Xia , Rodgers Anthony , Kumar Sushma , Teppler Hedy , Martin Elizabeth , Hanna George , Hwang Carey 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
A prespecified integrated safety analysis was conducted for 3 doravirine (DOR) double-blind trials (Phase IIb: P007 [NCT01632345]; Phase III: DRIVE-FORWARD [NCT02275780] and DRIVE-AHEAD [NCT02403674]).

Methods
DOR (100 mg) arms from these trials were compared with darunavir plus ritonavir (DRV+r) in DRIVE-FORWARD and efavirenz (EFV) in P007 and DRIVE-AHEAD. Background therapies were emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) in P007; abacavir/lamivudine (ABC/3TC) or FTC/TDF in DRIVE-FORWARD; and 3TC/TDF for DOR and FTC/TDF for EFV in DRIVE-AHEAD. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants discontinuing due to adverse events (AEs) through Week 48.

Results
Discontinuation rates due to AEs were similar for participants on DOR and DRV+r (2.5% vs 3.1%, respectively) and lower for those on DOR than for those on EFV (2.5% vs 6.6%, respectively). Rates of drug-related AEs for DOR, DRV+r, and EFV were 30.9%, 32.1%, and 61.4%, respectively. In an analysis of DOR versus EFV, the treatment difference for discontinuations due to AEs was −3.4%, favoring DOR (95% confidence interval −6.2 to −0.8; P = .012). Fewer participants experienced neuropsychiatric AEs on DOR than on EFV (25.0% vs 55.9%, respectively), and fewer experienced diarrhea on DOR than on DRV+r (12.4% vs 22.5%, respectively). Changes from baseline in most lipid parameters also favored DOR.

Conclusions
At Week 48, DOR at 100 mg had a favorable safety profile compared with EFV or DRV+r and a favorable tolerability profile compared with EFV.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01632345; NCT02275780 and NCT02403674.
Evaluation of a real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided electrophysiology system for structural and electrophysiological ventricular tachycardia substrate assessment
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul K , Costa Caroline Mendonca , Neji Radhouene , Harrison James L , Sim Iain , Williams Steven E , Whitaker John , Chubb Henry , O’Neill Louisa , Schneider Rainer , Lloyd Tom , Pohl Thomas , Roujol Sébastien , Niederer Steven A , Razavi Reza , O’Neill Mark D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
Potential advantages of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided electrophysiology (MR-EP) include contemporaneous three-dimensional substrate assessment at the time of intervention, improved procedural guidance, and ablation lesion assessment. We evaluated a novel real-time MR-EP system to perform endocardial voltage mapping and assessment of delayed conduction in a porcine ischaemia–reperfusion model.

Methods and results
Sites of low voltage and slow conduction identified using the system were registered and compared to regions of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on MRI. The Sorensen–Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between LGE scar maps and voltage maps was computed on a nodal basis. A total of 445 electrograms were recorded in sinus rhythm (range: 30–186) using the MR-EP system including 138 electrograms from LGE regions. Pacing captured at 103 sites; 47 (45.6%) sites had a stimulus-to-QRS (S-QRS) delay of ≥40 ms. Using conventional (0.5–1.5 mV) bipolar voltage thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of voltage mapping using the MR-EP system to identify MR-derived LGE was 57% and 96%, respectively. Voltage mapping had a better predictive ability in detecting LGE compared to S-QRS measurements using this system (area under curve: 0.907 vs. 0.840). Using an electrical threshold of 1.5 mV to define abnormal myocardium, the total DSC, scar DSC, and normal myocardium DSC between voltage maps and LGE scar maps was 79.0 ± 6.0%, 35.0 ± 10.1%, and 90.4 ± 8.6%, respectively.

Conclusion
Low-voltage zones and regions of delayed conduction determined using a real-time MR-EP system are moderately associated with LGE areas identified on MRI.
Ecdysteroidogenesis in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Recombinant Prothoracicotropic Hormone and Brain Extract Show Comparable Effects
Authors: Nardiello Marisa , Salvia Rosanna , Scala Andrea , Scieuzo Carmen , Bufo Sabino Aurelio , Franco Antonio , Vogel Heiko , di Somma Angela , Duilio Angela , Falabella Patrizia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is a neuropeptide that triggers a cascade of events within the prothoracic gland (PG) cells, leading to the activation of all the crucial enzymes involved in ecdysone biosynthesis, the main insect steroid hormone. Studies concerning ecdysteroidogenesis predicted PTTH action using brain extract (BE), consisting in a complex mixture in which some components positively or negatively interfere with PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis. Consequently, the integration of these opposing factors in steroidogenic tissues leads to a complex secretory pattern. A recombinant form of prothoracicotropic hormone (rPTTH) from the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was expressed and purified to perform in vitro tests in a standard and repeatable manner. A characterization of rPTTH primary and secondary structures was performed. The ability of rPTTH and H. virescens BE to stimulate ecdysteroidogenesis was investigated on the third day of fifth larval stage. rPTTH activity was compared with the BE mixture by enzyme immunoassay and western blot, revealing that they equally stimulate the production of significant amount of ecdysone, through a transduction cascade that includes the TOR pathway, by the phosphorylation of 4E binding protein (4E-BP) and S6 kinase (S6K), the main targets of TOR protein. The results of these experiments suggest the importance of obtaining a functional pure hormone to perform further studies, not depending on the crude brain extract, composed by different elements and susceptible to different uncontrollable variables.