bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Cachexia with Disturbance of Circulatory Regulation. Result of Treatment with Prolan
Authors: Hicks C. Stanton , Hone F. Sandiland 
Published: July 2019

A case of extreme wasting associated with amenorrhœa for eighteen months. On finding that the subject showed a fall of blood-pressure with unaltered pulse-rate on sitting up, anterior pituitary dysfunction (Simmonds' syndrome (?)) was diagnosed and prolan (Bayer) was administered. Following 100 units intramuscularly administered, the circulatory response became normal in twenty-four hours. The pulse rapidly improved in strength and all circulatory symptoms disappeared within a week. Weight increased at first rapidly, and the nutrition, skin and hair improved remarkably. Metabolism of sugar, as shown by glucose tolerance tests, became normal, and evidence for improvement in fat metabolism is brought forward. The study of the case goes to support the conclusion of Schellong that a function of the anterior pituitary is to influence the circulatory response to muscular effort. That hypotonia of itself is not responsible for the circulatory symptoms is shown by the failure of ephedrine (which raised the blood-pressure) to remove the circulatory symptoms. Contrary to some accepted beliefs, prolan, which is prepared from urine of pregnant mares, has a profound metabolic effect, as well as an effect on the ovary. The diagnostic value of the circulatory response in doubtful cases is discussed.
Discussion on Short-Distance Low-Voltage X-Ray Therapy
Authors: Chaoul H. 
Published: July 2019

Short distance X-ray therapy is characterized by the application of a very high dose to the diseased area only; the surrounding and underlying healthy tissue, being spared irradiation, is therefore able to assist the process of repair. Distribution of the dose is obtained by providing for a steep energy gradient within the tissue and by using metal applicators with fields of entry from 9 to 25 sq. cm. The short focal distance required is made possible by a monopolar X-ray tube of unusual design run at a constant potential of 60 kv., the total filtration amounting to 0.2 mm. of copper. Doses of 300 to 500 “r” are administered every day for from two to four minutes. The total dose applied to the patient during two to four weeks is from 5,000 to 10,000 “r”. From these data it is apparent that the new X-ray therapy has many features in common with ordinary radium therapy. Up to the end of 1935 231 cases had been treated by this method, the time of observation extending up to four years. The statistics include cases of cancer of the lips, the oral cavity, the eyelids, forehead, nose and ear, and on the surface of the trunk and limbs. The possibilities of the method are, however, by no means restricted to tumours located on, or near, the surface of the body or in body cavities. Recently its scope has been extended to the treatment of deep-seated tumours, notably tumours of the rectum, made accessible by surgical operation. The results obtained in these cases are very encouraging. For instance, the first patient treated by this method two years ago has enjoyed perfect health and is pursuing his normal occupation. In the case of tumours of large size or with many metastases, or having previously undergone intensive X-ray or radium treatment, the method is contra-indicated.
The Epidemiology of Weil's Disease
Authors: Alston J. M. , Brown H. C. 
Published: July 2019

Adolf Weil defined the disease as a clinical entity in 1886, and Leptospira ictero-hæmorrhagiæ was found to be the causative organism in 1915 by Inada et al. in Japan, and confirmed by Hübener and Reiter in Germany. The infection has been found in most countries, and recently there has been a great increase in the number of instances reported. In most parts of the world rats and other small rodents harbour the organism and excrete it in the urine. This is almost always the direct or indirect source of infection of man, but natural infection of dogs and foxes takes place, and is at least a potential danger to human beings. Infection is usually related to occupation in coal-mines, field work of all sorts, sewers, fish-cleaning, and to bathing in fresh water. The organism quickly dies in an acid medium, in strong sunlight and in salt water. These facts accord with the presence of the disease in certain situations. The route of infection of man is usually by contact of the abraded or sodden skin with infected mud or water, but it may be by inhalation of water and by bites of rats, dogs, and ferrets. Men are much more exposed to infection than women, but in fish-cleaners the incidence is equal in the sexes. Children are sometimes infected by bathing and in houses. The incubation time may be four to nineteen days, and is usually seven to thirteen days. By serological methods many unjaundiced and subclinical infections can be detected among people who are often at risk, and these correct the rather high fatality rates which are derived from jaundiced cases only. During the last three and a half years 142 authenticated instances of the disease in an obvious clinical form have been reported in the British Isles. Twenty-one occupations or circumstances were involved, and the case fatality rate was 15 per cent.
The Toxicity of Sterile Filtrate from Parodontal Pockets
Authors: Graham J. Wallace 
Published: July 2019

The local effect of the absorption of toxic material from pyorrhœa pockets on the hard and soft tissues around the teeth is well known. In this experiment an attempt was made to study the toxic effect on remote structures by injecting the sterile filtrate fresh from pyorrhœa pockets into various animals. The filtrate was obtained from patients with chronic pyorrhœa by removing the contents from parodontal pockets and passing them through a Seitz filter. The sterile filtrate obtained was then injected into cats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and rats, in varying amounts. In the group of four cats, all showed fatty degeneration of the liver and two showed extreme fatty degeneration of the kidney tubules. Five guinea-pigs receiving one injection of ½ c.c. of filtrate showed no pathological change in the liver or kidney. One out of three guinea-pigs receiving two injections of filtrate showed fatty degeneration of the liver, while five out of six pigs receiving one injection of 1 c.c.,—i.e. double the quantity—showed definite fatty degeneration of the liver. One out of two rabbits showed similar changes and of six rats injected, all died in from five to seven days. The experiment suggests that substances are elaborated in parodontal pockets which are highly toxic and tend to injure the liver and kidney of animals in the process of their elimination. Such toxic material proved fatal in fifteen of the twenty-five animals injected.
Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Anal Canal: An Analysis of 55 Cases
Authors: Gabriel W. B. 
Published: July 2019

The analysis is of 55 cases admitted into St. Mark's Hospital from 1922 to 1940. The incidence was 3.35% of all cases of cancer of the rectum, anal canal and anus admitted during this period. Sex distribution—27 males and 28 females. The average age (61.7 years) is higher than that of columnar-cell carcinoma of the rectum (57.4 years). Histology.—The cases have been graded into three grades of malignancy—low grade, medium grade, and high grade. Low grade squamous carcinoma is twice as frequent in men as in women, and generally originates at the anal margin. Medium grade squamous carcinoma is equally distributed between men and women; it may arise at the anus or in the anal canal. High grade squamous carcinoma is much more common in the female sex and is almost entirely limited to the anal canal. Quadrant affected—about one-third of the anal margin growths and one-half of the anal canal growths were situated anteriorly. Differential diagnosis from simple papilloma, simple ulcer, chronic inflammation, tuberculous ulcer, tuberculide, primary chancre, amœbic ulcer, basal-cell carcinoma, columnar-cell carcinoma. Biopsy and grading essential before treatment is decided upon. The results of treatment in the three grades of malignancy are described. The best results were obtained in the early low-grade cases treated by interstitial radium needling. In the medium and high grades only three five-year survivals can be reported and these followed excision of the rectum. The management of the inguinal glands is discussed and the importance of a very close post-operative supervision emphasized. Squamous carcinoma of the anal canal may cause lymphatic metastases in the superior hæmorrhoidal glands; there have been four such cases in this series. Diathermy perineal excision is indicated in these cases.
The Art of Otology
Authors: Collier Josephine 
Published: July 2019

Management of chronic ear infections dependent on recognition of the differences (pathological and clinical) between tympano-tubal lesions and attico-antral disease. Chronic suppurative otitis media as a reason for rejection for military service. Statistics obtained from the Ministry of Labour and National Service. Relative incidence of tympanic and attico-antral disease in a series of 500 hospital patients at the present time. Resistant chronic tympanic disease still a problem. Relation to acute suppurative otitis media. Recurrent and relapsing attacks of acute otitis media. Does early chemotherapy interfere with development of immunity? Problems presented by acute otitis media likely to be elucidated by the general practitioner rather than by the otologist. The general practitioner's opportunities for research in this clinical problem. Incidence of ear diseases in average general practice. Training of medical students in diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Methods of instruction followed in the teaching schools of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and attitude of the Examining Bodies to this subject. The contribution of otologists to the education of doctors. Some observations on facial paralysis. Importance of prognosis. Different criteria in early and late stages of paralysis. Reasons for abandoning the faradic-galvanic tests in the management of facial paralysis. Use of constant current square pulse stimulators in early days of facial paralysis. Electromyography of value in later stages. Present-day difficulties in acquiring skill for facial nerve surgery. Importance of the stylomastoid artery. Recent investigations on the blood supply of the facial nerve: Gross vascular pattern and the interfascicular plexus. Further work necessary to relate these anatomical facts to the condition of Bell's palsy.
General Practice Abroad [Abridged]
Authors: Reynolds R H 
Published: July 2019

Dr R H Reynolds discusses North American efforts at undergraduate preparation for family practice, as illustrated by: student attachment schemes, teaching of behavioural sciences, family care programmes, departments of general practice and comprehensive medical clinics. Dr H J Wright reviews the dichotomy of hospital and general practitioner services and goes on to consider the advantages of integration and the methods by which this may be accomplished. In particular he stresses the importance of general practitioner hospital appointments and access to diagnostic facilities. Dr F H Staines describes health services in Israel, New Zealand and Australia and draws lessons from them which could be used to improve the NHS service in this country.
Decision-making in an emergency department: A nursing accountability model
Authors: Rubio-Navarro Alfonso , García-Capilla Diego José , Torralba-Madrid Maria José , Rutty Jane 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Nurses who work in an emergency department regularly care for acute patients in a fast-paced environment, being at risk of suffering high levels of burnout. This situation makes them especially vulnerable to be accountable for decisions they did not have time to consider or have been pressured into. Research objective: The objective of this study was to find which factors influence ethical, legal and professional accountability in nursing practice in an emergency department. Research design: Data were analysed, codified and triangulated using qualitative ethnographic content analysis. Participants and research context: This research is set in a large emergency department in the Midlands area of England. Data were collected from 186 nurses using participant observation, 34 semi-structured interviews with nurses and ethical analysis of 54 applicable clinical policies. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was granted by two research ethics committees and the National Health Service Health Research Authority. Results: The main result was the clinical nursing accountability cycle model, which showed accountability as a subjective concept that flows between the nurse and the healthcare institution. Moreover, the relations among the clinical nursing accountability factors are also analysed to understand which factors affect decision-making. Discussion: The retrospective understanding of the factors that regulate nursing accountability is essential to promote that both the nurse and the healthcare institution take responsibility not only for the direct consequences of their actions but also for the indirect consequences derived from previous decisions. Conclusion: The decision-making process and the accountability linked to it are affected by several factors that represent the holistic nature of both entities, which are organised and interconnected in a complex grid. This pragmatic interpretation of nursing accountability allows the nurse to comprehend how their decisions are affected, while the healthcare institution could act proactively to avoid any problems before they happen.
What Is the Definition of Acute and Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) of Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Aynardi Michael C. , Plöger Milena M. , Walley Kempland C. , Arena Christopher B. 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: There is a paucity of data for defining acute or chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in the literature. Any discussion of PJI after ankle replacement is entirely reliant on the literature surrounding knee and hip arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: Consensus. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Is the Treatment “Algorithm” for Infection After Achilles Tendon Repair/Reconstruction?
Authors: Winters Brian , Da Rin de Lorenzo Ferdinando , Beck David 
Published: July 2019

Recommendation: The initial treatment of an infected Achilles tendon reconstruction should include thorough debridement of all infected tissues with the removal of retained sutures or foreign material. Cultures should be taken at the time of debridement, and antibiotic administration should be dictated by the result of culture and continued until inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms normalize. If significant soft tissue defect in the overlying area remains, the choice of tendon reconstruction and/or transfer with soft tissue coverage should be left up to the discretion of the treating surgeon based on preference and expertise. Revision reconstruction should be delayed until the infection is cleared. Level of Evidence: Moderate. Delegate Vote: Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus).
Reverse-engineering growth and form in Heidelberg
Authors: Levin Michael , Martinez Arias Alfonso 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The EMBO-EMBL Symposium ‘Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture’ was held in Heidelberg, Germany, in March 2019, with 150 participants seeking to reverse-engineer embryogenesis, emphasizing quantitative simulation and the use of synthetic systems to test models. This highly dynamic, interdisciplinary mix of quantitative developmental genetics, bioengineering, synthetic biology and artificial life aimed to reveal how evolution exploits physical forces and genetics to implement the cell- and tissue-level decision-making required for complex morphogenesis.
Inpatient Communication Barriers and Drivers When Caring for Limited English Proficiency Children
Authors: Choe Angela Y , Unaka Ndidi I , Schondelmeyer Amanda C , Bignall Whitney J Raglin , Vilvens Heather L , Thomson Joanna E 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDAchieving effective communication between medical providers and families with limited English proficiency (LEP) in the hospital is difficult.OBJECTIVEOur objective was to identify barriers to and drivers of effective interpreter service use when caring for hospitalized LEP children from the perspectives of pediatric medical providers and interpreters.DESIGN/ PARTICIPANTS/ SETTINGWe used Group Level Assessment (GLA), a structured qualitative participatory method that allows participants to directly produce and analyze data in an interactive group session. Participants from a single academic children's hospital generated individual responses to prompts and identified themes and relevant action items. Themes were further consolidated by our research team and verified by stakeholder groups.RESULTSFour GLA sessions were conducted including 64 participants: hospital medicine physicians and pediatric residents (56%), inpatient nursing staff (16%), and interpreter services staff (28%). Barriers identified included: (1) difficulties accessing interpreter services; (2) uncertainty in communication with LEP families; (3) unclear and inconsistent expectations and roles of team members; and (4) unmet family engagement expectations. Drivers of effective communication were: (1) utilizing a team‐based approach between medical providers and interpreters; (2) understanding the role of cultural context in providing culturally effective care; (3) practicing empathy for patients and families; and (4) using effective family‐centered communication strategies.CONCLUSIONSParticipants identified unique barriers and drivers that impact communication with LEP patients and their families during hospitalization. Future directions include exploring the perspective of LEP families and utilizing team‐based and family‐centered communication strategies to standardize and improve communication practices.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Aktif-Inovatif Berbasis Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Shodiq Muhammad Jafar 
Published: July 2019

Learning Arabic will be interesting if deliver by taking characteristics of each intelligence possessed by children. This research aimed to explain how the Multiple Intelligences approach used in designing methods of learning Arabic. Results from this study are expected to assist teachers in teaching Arabic with varying methods based on the theory of multiple intelligences.
Pembelajaran bahasa Arab akan menejadi menarik jika penyampaiannya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan karakteristik masing masing kecerdasan yang dimiliki oleh anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana pendekatan Multiple Intelligences digunakan dalam merancang metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu para pengajar bahasa Arab dalam mengajarkan bahasa Arab dengan metode yang bervariatif berlandaskan pada teori multiple intelligences.
Evaluasi Mahārah Al-Qirā’ah Dalam Buku Ajar Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Baroroh R. Umi , Tsani Etika Riani 
Published: July 2019

This research aims to determine the type of evaluation, evaluation techniques, and the quality of the instrument for evaluating reading skills in the textbook " Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah". The type this research is library research whose object is textbook "Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah". Meanwhile, the authors analyzed data using content analysis were conducted using the observation of data sources both primary and secondary. The results of this research to show that this type of reading skills evaluation in textbook Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah is a type of formative evaluation and diagnostic evaluation. Reading skills evaluation techniques in this book include test technique and non-test technique. The quality of the reading skills evaluation instrument in this book in terms of the material contained multiple-choice items and descriptions that do not match the indicator. In terms of construction, there are some components that are not fulfilled clause study on item true-false, stuffing or short-answer and multiple choice. in terms of language, the overall quality of the evaluation instruments is good.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis evaluasi, teknik evaluasi, dan kualitas instrumen evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ajar Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian literatur atau penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan objek penelitian buku teks Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah. Sementara itu dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis) dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan terhadap sumber data baik primer maupun sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ajar Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah merupakan jenis evaluasi formatif dan diagnostik. Teknik evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ini meliputi teknik tes dan teknik non-tes. Kualitas instrumen evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ini, dilihat dari segi materi terdapat butir soal pilihan ganda dan uraian yang tidak sesuai indikator. Sedangkan dari segi konstruksi, terdapat beberapa komponen telaah butir yang tidak terpenuhi pada butir soal benar-salah, isian atau jawaban singkat dan pilihan ganda. Adapun dari segi bahasa, secara keseluruhan kualitas instrumen sudah baik.
Kata kunci: Evaluasi, Mahārah Al-Qirā′ah, Buku Ajar.
Retention Efficiency of Vegetative Filter Strips for Nitrogen in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, Central China
Authors: Lei Junshan , Chen Jiazhou , Yin Wei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To investigate the retention efficiency and mechanism of nitrogen of Vegetative filter strips (VFSs) in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area, simulated runoff discharging experiments were carried out in a new-established Bermuda VFS. The results showed that the Bermuda VFS reduced 73.1-86.1 % of surface runoff through infiltration. The outflow rate of runoff increased first and then became stable with time. The concentration reduction rates (CRRs) and load reduction rates (LRRs) of NH3-N increased initially and then decreased with the increase of inflow concentration. The average CRRs and LRRs of NH3-N in three treatments ranged 66.1-90.3 % and 90.0-96.7 %, respectively. The concentration reduction of NH3-N was primarily achieved by soil adsorption. The optimal inflow concentration of NH3-N for the optimum CRR was between 0.65 and 3.52 mg/dm3. The CRRs and LRRs of NO3-N fluctuated between 6.8-14.0 % and 72.0-77.9 % in three treatments. The concentration reduction of NO3-N was primarily achieved by plant uptake and soil microbe assimilation. The optimal inflow concentration of NO3-N for optimum CRR exceeded 6.78 mg/dm3. The CRRs and LRRs of TN increased with the increase of inflow concentrations. The average CRRs in the low, moderate and high treatments reached 9.7, 14.8 and 27.4 %, respectively, and the average LRRs reached 72.1, 74.3 and 81.2 %, respectively. The optimal inflow concentration of TN for optimum CRR exceeded 10.21 mg/dm3. The study showed that Bermuda grass can retain nitrogen in runoff efficiently and should be promoted around the Danjiangkou reservoir.