bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of mirror neurons in empathy, with a focus on their relevance in autism spectrum disorder and other clinical implications
Authors: Kiełt Weronika , Kozłowska Julia , Broniec Gabriela , Wajdowicz Barbara , Kudła Aleksandra , Czapiewska Rozalia , Dziewulska Aleksandra , Wróbel Aleksandra , Pacek Laura , Kowalska Klaudia 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Mirror neurons are brain cells that engage when an individual performs an action and then observes another person completing the same action. These neurons are supposed to help us grasp others' emotions and intentions by mimicking their experiences. This has led to the theory that mirror neurons influence empathy, or the ability to share and understand the experiences of others. The article investigates the role of mirror neurons in empathy, specifically their potential contribution to emotional resonance, perspective-taking, their relevance in autism spectrum disorder and other clinical implications.

Aim of the study
The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an overview of how mirror neurones contribute to the development and expression of empathy in humans, with a focus on their role in autism spectrum disorder. The objective of this research is to clarify the role of mirror neurons in social cognition and gain a better understanding of the neurological foundation for empathy.

Materials and methods
Scientific articles from the Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were analysed. The goal of this study was to choose recent articles that most adequately encompassed the problems under consideration. The search was conducted out using the following keylords: mirror neurones, empathy and autism spectrum disorder.

Summary
Mirror neurones appear to play an important part in empathy, as evidenced by neural activity patterns during emotion identification. While they are not the single source of empathy or the only trigger, they are definitely present. Conflicting evidence limits our understanding of their exact impact, and more credible studies need to be conducted. However, current research reveals that mirror neurones have a measurable, although limited, impact on empathy.
Applications, impacts and consequences of botulinum toxin usage in medicine
Authors: Kiełt Weronika , Kozłowska Julia , Broniec Gabriela , Wajdowicz Barbara , Kudła Aleksandra , Czapiewska Rozalia , Dziewulska Aleksandra , Wróbel Aleksandra , Pacek Laura , Kowalska Klaudia 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the gram-positive bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxin has found great interest in the field of aesthetic medicine, but it has many other applications in other areas of medicine.

Aim of the study
The aim of this comprehensive review is to provide an overview of the usage of botulinum toxin in medicine, with a focus on specific areas of medicine. Attention will be paid to the safety of the use of this substance, taking into account its molecular structure and mechanism of action.

Materials and methods
An analysis of the scientific articles available in the Pubmed, Google Scholar and web of science databases was performed. Recent publications which most appropriately encompassed the issues under discussion have been selected for the purpose of this study. The process of search was carried out with the following keywords: neurotoxin, botulinum toxins, botulism, muscle paralysis.

Summary
Despite numerous studies, there is ample room for further research into the safety of using botulinum toxin in patients as well as new therapies with this substance. Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin that is widely used in medicine, but has many side effects.
Impact of SMOFlipid on Clinical Outcomes in Neonates Receiving Parenteral Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: He Tao , Huang Jianqiong , Ren Danwei , Yang Sen 
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background Neonatal morbidity, including various diseases such as sepsis, cholestasis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is a significant concern, especially in preterm infants. Selecting the appropriate lipid emulsion in parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential to improve clinical outcomes. This analysis aimed to assess the impact of a novel composite lipid emulsion, SMOFlipid, on neonates receiving PN. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted. We compared SMOFlipid to various other lipid emulsions in PN received by infants. Research findings that addressed outcomes such as mortality, sepsis, cholestasis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), BPD, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and length of hospital stay were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on gestational age (GA). Twenty RCTs involving 1904 neonates were included. Results Compared to other lipid emulsions, SMOFlipid significantly reduced the cholestasis risk (risk ratio (RR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.87, p = 0.004, I2 = 0%). However, the incidence related to IVH, BPD, ROP, NEC, and PDA (excluding an infant subgroup with GA <28 weeks), mortality, sepsis, and duration of hospital stay did not exhibit any substantial variations. The subgroup analysis indicated a decline in PDA incidence (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99, p = 0.04, I2 = 0%) among extremely premature infants receiving SMOFlipid. Conclusion SMOFlipid offers a promising option for neonatal PN, particularly for reducing cholestasis in preterm infants and PDA in extremely premature infants. Further investigations into its comprehensive benefits and long-term effects are warranted.
Platelet Reactivity with MACE in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Post-PCI under Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jiabing , Shi Xingliang , Chen Liuqing , Li Ting , Wu Chenttao , Hu Mingwu 
Published: October 2024

Aim/Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a condition characterized by acute cardiac ischemia, is among the major causes of death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, whether there is a correlation between platelet reactivity and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remains debatable, and whether platelet function tests should be tailored for ACS patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still under discussion. This study aims to investigate the relationship between platelet reactivity and the occurrence of MACE in ACS patients post-PCI and to discuss the implications of these findings. Methods Clinical studies on ‘PCI, ACS, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), platelet reactivity, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)’ up to 31 October 2023, were systematically collected from Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Twelve articles meeting predefined criteria were selected. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane, London, UK) and Stata 15.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) to compute pooled effect sizes, assess heterogeneity, explore sources of heterogeneity, and evaluate publication bias. Results Twelve articles consisting of 9297 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that ACS patients with high platelet reactivity (HPR) who received PCI and used DAPT for 1–2 years had a greater risk of MACE (risk ratio (RR) = 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–2.46) compared to those with low platelet reactivity. Moreover, greater platelet reactivity was associated independently with all-cause mortality (RR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.63–3.12), cardiac mortality (RR = 2.87, 95% CI: 2.16–3.8), myocardial infarction (RR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.53–2.5), in-stent restenosis (RR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.22–2.87), as well as stroke (RR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02–2.57), but not with coronary revascularization events (RR = 0.99, p = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80–1.24). On the other hand, meta-regression revealed that region (p = 0.99), type of ACS patient (p = 0.16), drug regimen (p = 0.48), testing method (p = 0.51), sampling time (p = 0.70), follow-up time (p = 0.45), and PCI protocol (p = 0.27) were not sources of heterogeneity in the study. Conclusion The meta-analysis outcomes indicate that in ACS patients receiving PCI and using dual antiplatelet therapy for 1–2 years, HPR was independently positively correlated with major adverse cardiovascular events, all-cause (or cardiac) mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, in-stent restenosis, and stroke. This suggests that platelet reactivity testing has clinical and translational significance in predicting patients’ risk of adverse cardiovascular events.
Efficient super-resolution of phase images encoded with random phase mask by machine learning techniques
Authors: Yamada Yu , Okamoto Atsushi , Tomita Akihisa 
Published: October 2024

In the field of optics, a random phase mask (RPM) is used to efficiently encode and decode spatial complex amplitude distribution information of measurement targets into phase information. By encoding spatial complex amplitude distribution into a phase using an RPM, this distribution can be processed by modulating only the phase, which is efficient in computational terms. However, when encoding and decoding spatial complex amplitude distribution using an RPM, the resolution of optical devices such as a spatial light modulator (SLM) and charge-coupled device (CCD) becomes a bottleneck, resulting in decreased encoding and decoding accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a super-resolution method for phase images encoded with spatial complex amplitude distribution. This method uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a vision transformer (ViT), which are machine learning techniques widely used in computer vision. Through this super-resolution processing, we demonstrated that complex amplitude information can be encoded and decoded into phase images beyond the resolution of optical devices such as an SLM and CCD. Evaluation of the test images using peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) showed improvements of 2.37 dB with the CNN and 1.86 dB with the ViT. Furthermore, we applied the proposed method to virtual phase conjugation based optical tomography (VPC-OT). The simulation results of measuring a microscopic target with a four-layer structure showed noise reduction at all depth positions and an improvement in the measurement accuracy of approximately 6–13 dB. (Details are shown in Fig. 7 and Table 2.) By applying the proposed method, measurement accuracy is improved with minimal computational operations, and without requiring additional optical systems or increasing the number of measurements. In addition, we examined the appropriate size of the machine learning model by observing the input image size (number of parameters) and loss progression.
Improving integrated care for (future) parents facing vulnerable circumstances in the early life course of their (future) child: An action research protocol
Authors: Munshi S. C. , Weggelaar-Jansen A. M. , van den Berg-Bakker A. , Blanchette L. M. G. , Harmsen van der Vliet-Torij H. W. , Hodes M. W. , van ‘t Hof M. , Lambregtse-van den Berg M. P. , van der Meer L. , Ernst-Smelt H. E. , Bijma H. H. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Suboptimal circumstances during the early life course, ranging from 100 days before conception to 1000 days following birth, significantly impact a child’s future health and well-being. To optimize these circumstances, collaboration is needed which includes professionals working in medical, social and public domains, as well as parents. This action research protocol aims to improve care for (future) parents facing suboptimal circumstances during the early life course by enhancing inter-professional, cross-domain collaboration and (future) parents-professional collaboration. By employing iterative action research cycles, we seek to foster integrated care pathways and improve continuity of care across the medical, social and public domains. The research will be conducted in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Methods and analysis
Four action research cycles incorporating descriptive qualitative and quantitative studies, including focus groups, questionnaires and observations with (future) parents facing suboptimal circumstances, professionals and policymakers. This intervention study will not only foster improved, integrated care around identification of the need of additional support, referral and care, but also foster the necessary conditions for a self-supporting neighbourhood care learning network of (future) parents, professionals and policymakers to encourage bidirectional feedback and enable reflection beyond a single organisation. These interventions will also be evaluated.

Dissemination
The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, layman summaries, regional and national knowledge platforms and presentations and factsheets relevant to all involved actors.
Association of relative handgrip strength on the development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Koreans
Authors: Sohn Yeo Ju , Lee Hong Soo , Bae Hasuk , Kang Hee Cheol , Chun Hyejin , Ryou Insun , Chang Eun Jee , Kang Sungchan , Lee Sang Wha , Shim Kyung Won 
Published: October 2024

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health concern, particularly in the elderly population. Absolute handgrip strength (HGS) serves to quantify muscle strength. It is recommended that the risk of low muscle strength and increased body mass index be concurrently evaluated using relative HGS. There are currently insufficient evidence regarding the relationship between relative HGS and DM in the elderly Korean population. Therefore, the association between relative HGS and the development of DM in Korean elderly was investigated.

Methods
Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used to determine the odds ratio (OR) between relative HGS and DM during the follow-up period from 2006–2020 among Korean men and women aged ≥65 years without DM when they first participated in this survey. Analysis was conducted using the Generalized Estimating Equation method. Trend analysis was performed for DM development based on relative HGS.

Results
Among elderly males, higher relative HGS groups had reduced odds of developing DM (Middle tertile: OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.61–1.23, p = 0.419.) (Upper tertile: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.56–1.18, p = 0.281.) Among elderly females, the reductions were similar. (Middle tertile: OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66–1.03, p = 0.087.) (Upper tertile: OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.50–1.25, p = 0.306.) However, these differences were not statistically significant. Significant predictors of new-onset DM included age, BMI (overweight/obese), household income, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and chronic liver disease. Trend tests indicated a substantial decrease in the OR as the relative HGS increased for male and total groups (p for trend < 0.05).

Conclusion
Relative HGS did not achieve statistical significance. Our findings indicate that BMI, particularly overweight and obesity, significantly predicts new-onset DM. However, trend tests indicated a substantial decrease in the OR as the relative HGS increased for male and total groups (p for trend < 0.05), even after adjusting for BMI categories. Despite the lack of statistical significance in some cases, the trend suggests that promoting resistance exercises to enhance HGS could be beneficial in DM prevention. Comprehensive DM prevention strategies should include managing obesity and chronic conditions for elderly.
In-hospital outcomes of cardiac tamponade in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A contemporary analysis
Authors: Vasquez Moises Abraham , Vasquez Samuel De Jesus , Vargas Natacha , Guilliod Christian , Alvarez Antonio Luna , Rivera Beatriz , Leonor George , Chatzizisis Yiannis S. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Cardiac tamponade (CT) has an atypical presentation in patients with underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH). Evidence regarding the impact of PH on CT in-hospital outcomes is lacking.

Methods
We used the National Inpatient Sample database to identify adult hospitalizations with a diagnosis of CT between 2016 and 2020, using relevant ICD-10 diagnostic codes. Baseline characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared in patients with and without a PH. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and case-control matching were performed, adjusting for age, race, gender, and statistically significant co-morbidities between cohorts.

Results
A total of 110,285 inpatients with CT were included, of which 8,670 had PH. Patients with PH tended to be older (66 ± 15.7) and female (52.5%), had significantly higher rates of hypertension (74% vs 65%), CAD (36.9% vs. 29.6%), CKD (39% vs 23%), DM (32.1%, vs. 26.9%), chronic heart failure (19.0% vs 9.7%) and COPD (26% vs 18%)(P<0.001 for all). After multivariate logistic regression, PH was associated with higher all-cause mortality (aOR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.49), higher rates of cardiogenic shock (aOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01–1.41), ventricular arrythmias (aOR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.33–2.01), longer length of stay (11 days vs 15 days), and higher total hospitalization costs ($228,314 vs $327,429) in patients presenting with CT. Despite pericardiocentesis being associated with lower in-hospital mortality, patients with PH were less likely to undergo pericardiocentesis (aOR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.69–0.86).

Conclusion
PH was associated to increased in-hospital mortality and a higher rate of cardiovascular complications in an inpatient population with CT. Pericardiocentesis was associated with reduced mortality in patients with CT, regardless of whether they had PH. However, patients with PH underwent pericardiocentesis less frequently than those without PH.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Fisik dan Host Terhadap Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru di Puskesmas Sentosa Baru Medan
Authors: Pratiwi Tia , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Suhartono Suhartono 
Published: October 2024

Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis merupakan salah satu dari 10 penyebab kematian dan belum dapat terkendali. Kota Medan merupakan salah satu yang memiliki kasus Tuberkulosis tertinggi di Sumatera Utara. Dalam 5 tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan kasus tuberkulosis di Kota Medan yang disebabkan berbagai faktor risiko yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan fisik dan host terhadap kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru Dewasa.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain case control yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Sentosa Baru Medan mulai Januari hingga April 2024. Penelitian ini terdapat sampel sebanyak 122 responden. Kasus adalah penderita tuberkulosis paru dewasa yang berobat di Puskesmas Sentosa Baru sebanyak 61 orang, kontrol adalah bukan penderita tuberkulosis paru yang berobat di Puskesmas yang sama sebanyak 61 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi langsung dengan lembar checklist. Analisa data diolah menggunakan SPSS dengan uji chi square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kelamin (OR=2,937;95%CI=1,406-6,135,p=0,007), riwayat kontak (OR=9,540;95%CI=3,872-23,504,p=<0,001), kontak serumah (OR=8,625;95%CI=2,763-26,924,p=<0,001), pencahayaan tempat tinggal (OR=6,874;95%CI=1,886-25,050,p=0,003) merupakan faktor risiko dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru dewasa.Simpulan: Jenis kelamin laki-laki, riwayat kontak dengan penderita, dan pencahayaan pada tempat tinggal yang kurang merupakan faktor risiko kejadian tuberkulosis paru dewasa di Puskesmas Sentosa Baru Medan. ABSTRACT Title: The Effect Of Physical Environment And Host On The Incidence Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis At Sentosa Baru Medan Health Center Background: Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of death and has not been controlled. Medan City is one of the highest tuberculosis cases in North Sumatra. In the last 5 years there has been an increase in tuberculosis cases in Medan City caused by various risk factors, one of which is the physical environment and host.Method: This type of research uses quantitative methods with case control design carried out at Sentosa Baru Medan Health Center from February to March 2024. This study had a sample of 122 respondents and the data was processed using SPSS with chi-square test.Result: The results of this study showed that the variables of gender (OR=2.937; 95%CI=1.406-6.135,p=0.007), contact history (OR=9.540; 95%CI=3.872-23.504.p=<0.001), household contacts (OR=8.625; 95%CI=2.763-26.924.p=<0.001), residential lighting (OR=6.874; 95%CI=1.886-25.050,p=0.003) is a risk factor for adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: Male gender, history of contact with sufferers, and insufficient lighting in residential areas are risk factors for adult pulmonary tuberculosis at Sentosa Baru Medan Health Center.
Implementation of the course “good chemistry: methodological, ethical and social implications” – a case study
Authors: Maciejowska Iwona 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The article describes the practical implementation of the course titled “Good Chemistry: Methodological, Ethical, and Social Implications” available on the EuChemS e-learning platform. This MOOC course has been used in various ways at several European universities and through blended learning at Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland), which is discussed in this article. Since the groups of students participating in the course were not large and it is worth taking a closer look/insight at this issue, the case study method was used. Sample materials and activities for this course are presented. The survey responses of lecturers and students, as well as the activities and posts of Jagiellonian University in Krakow students on the remote learning platform, were analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of the course were identified, and the need for continuous efforts by lecturers to develop ethical attitudes, critical thinking, and communication skills in students, especially in the field of socioscientific issues, was emphasized.
Modified ridge estimator in the Bell regression model
Authors: Bulut Y. Murat , Lukman Adewale F. , Işılar Melike , Adewuyi Emmanuel T. , Algamal Zakariya Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Bell regression model (BRM), a member of the generalized linear models (GLMs), can be used when the dependent variable consists of overdispersed count data. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is generally used to estimate unknown regression coefficients. The major drawback of the MLE is an inflated variance when multicollinearity problems occur. In this study, we proposed a new biased estimator to cope with the multicollinearity in the BRM. The simulation study is conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimator over the MLE and Bell ridge estimator (BRE). Also, we give real data examples to approve the applicability of the proposed estimator in real data problems.
Geflüchtete in Deutschland
Authors: Avakian Sylvie 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Aufsatz nähert sich dem Thema „Geflüchtete in Deutschland“ sowohl aus gesellschaftspolitischer als auch aus theologischer Perspektive. Der Aufsatz vertritt die Auffassung, dass der Mensch zur Entfaltung seines Selbst dazu aufgerufen ist, dem Anderen zu begegnen und für ihn einen Platz in seinem Leben einzuräumen, damit der Mensch nicht in den Grenzen seines eigenen Selbst gefangen bleibt. In diesem Aufsatz sind es die Geflüchteten in Deutschland, die als die Anderen betrachtet werden. Der Aufsatz ist daher ein Plädoyer an die Einheimischen, Geflüchtete aufzunehmen und bereit zu sein, mit ihnen in eine gegenseitige Beziehung zu treten. Die Offenheit der Theologie kann sich dabei auf zwei Ebenen zeigen: Einerseits durch die ständige Rückkehr zum Kern der christlichen Botschaft, nämlich Gottes- und Nächstenliebe. Zum anderen in der Offenheit des christlichen Denkens und der Theologie und ihrer Lehren, die den christlichen Glauben in der Gegenwart vertreten. Der Aufsatz geht davon aus, dass das Element der Offenheit gegenüber den Anderen ein wichtiger Bestandteil einer zeitgemäßen, aber auch zukunftsfähigen Christlichen Theologie ist. Damit stellt der Beitrag einen grundsätzlichen Schlüsselgedanken für eine zukünftige christliche Theologie bereit, der fordert, den Anderen immer im Blick zu behalten, damit die Grenzen der Selbsterhaltung und Selbstdurchsetzung der Theologie überwunden werden können.