bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalent use, trends and practices in haemodiafiltration
Authors: Canaud Bernard , Köhler Katrin , Sichart Jan-Michael , Möller Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOnline haemodiafiltration (HDF) represents today the most advanced and innovative form of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Recent controlled trials tend to prove its superiority over conventional haemodialysis on hard clinical end points provided that the right convective dose was delivered. In this article we report on present prevalent use and epidemiologic trends of HDF worldwide as well as on practice patterns in HDF prescription. In addition we analyze factors that may affect HDF clinical acceptance and more widely its implementation. National and international renal registries provide valuable demographic and epidemiologic information on end stage kidney disease patients on RRT. However, the updating and maintenance of such information system is particularly challenging at a country level and even more so on an international basis. Lag time, incompleteness and/or imprecision of data collection may further hamper precision and validity of data reporting. Fresenius Medical Care (FMC), as a large dialysis care provider operating worldwide, maintains an annually updated database addressing international end stage kidney disease data. Over the last decade, FMC has produced series of precise and reliable reports analyzing RRT trends and practices worldwide. The present overview and analysis is based on our consolidated data from market survey as well as national database registries and databases of recent studies. Online HDF acceptance is growing fast in the two leading regions having approved the method, i.e. Europe and Asia Pacific, with a patient average growth rate of 12 to 24%, being far above the total patient HD growth rate of 6.6%. Today online HDF represents a new paradigm shift in RRT with promising clinical results. Further initiatives (e.g., Kidney Health Initiative, NICE) might provide further push for promoting HDF as a new standard of care in end stage kidney disease patients on a global scale.
Contesting Lyme Disease
Authors: Nordmarken Sonny 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, the author examines his embodied experience with Lyme disease to chart how power and knowledge within the dominant biomedical framework were produced via engagement with medical providers. Analyzing the medical governance of Lyme disease through actors’ everyday decision-making practices, the author shows how, in failing to accurately diagnose and treat his sick body and depriving him of treatment, credentialed health care providers reproduced culturally dominant, institutionalized, yet inadequate formations of medical power-knowledge. The author’s experience of this disease illustrates how the manufacture of disease categories and their ascription regulates bodies that do not fit into established categories. Analyzing data from his own life in light of medical science research, the author advances an analytical autoethnography and dissenting embodied knowledge, legitimizing the diagnostic category of chronic Lyme disease, and introducing two concepts—contested disease and contested care—to theorize the complex phenomenon of Lyme disease.
YouTube Vlogs as Illness Narratives
Authors: Fullenkamp Natalie Kay 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this chapter we present a methodological template for the use of video diaries (vlogs) as data in social science research, with a particular eye toward the selection, coding, and analysis of vlogs as data. Amid the sea of YouTube content, vlogs provide a medium for ordinary people to tell and share sobering stories about coming to terms with profound life events. YouTube vlogs that present individuals’ experiences with illness are a case in point. Considered as illness narratives, vlogs afford a new way to both document and study the experience of illness. Of importance to us here, vlogs project the physical body into cyberspace in ways that shape how “wounded storytellers” (Frank 1995) perform their illness. Beyond the specifics of our empirical case, therefore, a study of illness vlogs is relevant to body scholars interested in the representation and construction of bodies in online spaces.
Gapping and Stripping
Authors: Johnson Kyle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe chapter looks at the main attempts to model two constructions: gapping and stripping. It reviews the ways in which these constructions are similar, exploring the thesis that they both stem from the same underlying process. One of those shared properties is their restriction to coordinations—a restriction that is not found elsewhere in the menagerie of ellipsis constructions. Methods of tying this restriction to the similarly gapping/stripping-specific constraint against embedding the ellipsis or its antecedent are examined. The chapter focuses on the shortcomings of previous attempts to explain these conditions, and their counter-examples, and points to new directions of analysis that seem promising.
Domain-General Models of Expertise
Authors: Hambrick David Z. , Burgoyne Alexander P. , Oswald Frederick L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews evidence concerning the contribution of cognitive ability to individual differences in expertise. The review covers research in traditional domains for expertise research such as music, sports, and chess, as well as research from industrial–organizational psychology on job performance. The specific question that we seek to address is whether domain-general measures of cognitive ability (e.g., IQ, working memory capacity, executive functioning, processing speed) predict individual differences in domain-relevant performance, especially beyond beginning levels of skill. Evidence from the expertise literature relevant to this question is difficult to interpret, due to small sample sizes, restriction of range, and other methodological limitations. By contrast, there is a wealth of consistent evidence that cognitive ability is a practically important and statistically significant predictor of job performance, even after extensive job experience. The chapter discusses ways that cognitive ability measures might be used in efforts to accelerate the acquisition of expertise.
The Church of the East Until the Eighth Century
Authors: Hauser Stefan R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor a long time, the development of Christian communities within the Sasanian and early Islamic Empires was either neglected or described in terms of a history of persecution and antagonism within a Zoroastrian or Islamic state. Only recently has the perception of the extent of Christianization, the interaction of religious communities, and the importance of Christians within these societies and their upper echelons changed dramatically. The narrative of permanent conflict and oppression of Christian faith has given way to the acknowledgment of a predominant Christian population in the territory of modern Iraq and western Iran in the fifth through seventh centuries. One argument in this context is the growing body of material evidence for Christian churches and images as well as burials, which are expressions of respected and self-assured Christian communities.
Burials and Human Remains of the Eastern Mediterranean in Early Christian Context
Authors: Fox Sherry C. , Tritsaroli Paraskevi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines the contribution of the contextual study of human skeletal remains of Early Christian burials in the eastern Mediterranean. Bioarchaeological studies of sites in Greece, Cyprus, Asia Minor, and Palestine are presented to better understand the people and their burial practices from this region during a tumultuous period in the fourth through seventh centuries. The use of multiple lines of evidence such as funerary archaeology, taphonomy, and skeletal biology reveals the lifestyles and burial customs of the inhabitants from a selection of eastern Mediterranean sites. Despite regional variations, there is a great degree of uniformity in the burial customs across the areas under consideration. Finally, the populations of the eastern Mediterranean share similar demographic profiles and health outcomes. Future research will likely engage in scientific applications in archaeology that may address significant questions, such as reconstructing diet from stable isotope analyses and disease via ancient DNA analysis.
Pluralism and Toleration in James’s Social Philosophy
Authors: Talisse Robert B. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
William James wrote almost nothing that would count today as political philosophy. However, it is clear that much of his work is animated by rather profound concerns with our social lives. In this sense, it may be said that James is a social philosopher. The core of Jamesian social philosophy is the doctrine of value pluralism, which animates all of his moral writings. In these essays, James repeatedly attempts to establish that this pluralism underwrites a policy of social toleration. James’s idea is that the irreducible plurality of goods entails that we each must strive for conditions under which as many goods as possible can flourish. This chapter evaluates James’s pluralist argument for social toleration. Ultimately, the chapter argues that James’s value pluralism does not provide a stable basis for social toleration. But the chapter also argues that James has at his disposal a far more promising epistemic argument for social toleration that he left largely undeveloped.
The W-subtype active contact binary PZ UMa with a possible more massive tertiary component
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Soonthornthum Boonrucksar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo sets of multiple-color (B, V, RC, IC) light curves of PZ UMa were observed independently with the 2.4 m telescope at the Thai National Observatory and the 1 m telescope at Yunnan Observatories. The light curves were analyzed with the Wilson–Devinney program and the two sets of light curves produced consistent results, which shows that PZ UMa is a W-subtype contact binary with an extreme mass ratio (M1/M2 = 0.18). The basic physical parameters of PZ UMa were determined to be M2 = 0.77(2) M⊙, M1 = 0.14(1) M⊙, R2 = 0.92(1) R⊙, R1 = 0.43(1) R⊙, L2 = 0.46(2) L⊙, and L1 = 0.15(3) L⊙. The orbital period analysis of PZ UMa revealed a 13.22 yr periodicity, which implies that there may be a tertiary component orbiting around the binary system. The mass and orbital radius of the tertiary component were calculated to be M3 = 0.88 M⊙ and a3 = 3.67 au, if the orbit was coplanar with the central binary system. It is interesting that the minimum mass of the tertiary was calculated to be M3min = 0.84 M⊙, which means the tertiary component is even larger than the primary star and the secondary one of PZ UMa. PZ UMa is a late-type contact binary with stellar activity. The O’Connell effect appeared on its light curves when it was observed in 2016 April. However, the O’Connell effect reversed when the target was observed again in 2016 December. The changes of the O’Connell effect on such a short time-scale strongly support the occurrence of rapidly changing magnetic activity in this W UMa binary.
Bangladesh Police in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Capacity Building: Striving for Perfection in an Imperfect World!
Authors: Zaman Rashed , Biswas Niloy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Since 1988, Bangladesh has been one of the highest police contributing countries (PCCs) to United Nations Peacekeeping operations. Over the years, Bangladesh Police has not only carved out space for itself as a top PCC, but also earned a name for itself as a dependable force which delivered the tasks assigned to it. However, in the last few years, Bangladesh Police has seen a fall in deployment to various missions due to an increasing number of participation of other new contributors across the world. Moreover, there are significant transformations in the nature of conflict and mandates of peacekeeping operations which would require Bangladesh Police to be prepared itself for future participation in such missions. Against such a backdrop, this article examines how Bangladeshi police peacekeepers evaluate their participation in peace missions and their capacity in addressing the challenges of the contemporary and future peace missions. It also investigates issues of capacity building, skill enhancement, and increasing competency of Bangladesh police peacekeepers as perceived by themselves. This article argues Bangladesh needs to comprehend the changing scenario and enhance the capacity of police peacekeepers by undertaking appropriate measures including tapping into the experience of its returning police personnel. Otherwise, the sustainability of Bangladesh’s participation in UN police peacekeeping deployments may face severe stress and become problematic.
Is It Relevant to Keep Advocating Visual Inspection of the Cervix With Acetic Acid for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening in Limited-Resource Settings?
Authors: Domgue Joel Fokom , Valea Fidel A. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from J Global Oncol 2018;(4):1–5)
The significant decline in incidence of cervical cancer in high-income settings is largely the result of the widespread use of human papillomavirus (HPV)–based cytology screening and vaccination programs. However, this preventable disease is one of the commonest and deadliest women's cancer in resource-poor developing countries and will remain so until high-impact primary interventions (including vaccination against HPV) are widely used and implemented.
The Rise and Fall of Mesh in Pelvic Surgery and the Shortcomings of Medical Device Regulation
Authors: Trabuco Emanuel C. , Montori Victor M. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:736–740)
The introduction of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) “sling” procedure revolutionized incontinence surgery. Rapid uptake of the TVT procedure led to its subsequent use in 90% of the annual incontinence surgeries performed in the United States.
Decreased Endothelial Function and Increased Subclinical Heart Failure in Women Several Years After Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Breetveld N. M. , Ghossein-Doha C. , van Neer J. , Sengers M. J. J. M. , Geerts L. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , van Dijk A. P. , van der Vlugt M. J. , Heidema W. M. , Brunner-la Rocca H. P. , Scholten R. R. , Spaanderman M. E. A. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;52:196–204)
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with both postpartum endothelial dysfunction and asymptomatic structural heart alterations consistent with heart failure stage B (HF-B). This study assessed the relationship between endothelial function, along with components of metabolic syndrome, and asymptomatic structural heart dysfunction in formerly preeclamptic women and healthy parous controls.
Wash, Rinse, Repeat: Which Patients Undergo Serial Joint Irrigation in Pediatric Septic Hip Arthritis?
Authors: Livingston Kristin S. , Kalish Leslie A. , Bae Donald S. , Kim Young-Jo , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors associated with repeat surgical irrigation in pediatric septic hip arthritis.

Methods:
A single center retrospective case-control study was performed. Patients who underwent ≥2 washouts (cases) were compared with those who had only 1 washout (controls). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, microbial, and magnetic resonance imaging data were compared between cases and controls and a prediction model was developed using logistic regression. A risk score was then constructed by counting the number of risk factors from the model that were present in each patient.

Results:
We identified 26 patients between 1994 and 2015 who underwent ≥2 washouts for septic hip arthritis, and 63 control patients who had only a single washout. Twenty-two patients had 2 washouts, 3 had 4 washouts, 1 had 5 washouts. Median number of days between first and second washout was 5 (interquartile range, 4 to 8). The most common reason for repeat washout was persistent fever (N=21), followed by persistently elevated laboratory values (N=13), abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings (N=12), and continued pain (N=12). Repeat washout cases demonstrated higher temperature preoperatively (P<0.001), had more frequent initial misdiagnosis (P=0.002), and had a longer time from symptom onset to surgery (P=0.02). Laboratory values in these cases showed higher C-reactive protein (P=0.003), and more frequent left shift (P=0.03) at presentation, with a greater proportion of positive cultures (P<0.001). Postoperatively, repeat washout cases had higher temperatures (P<0.001), more frequent wound drainage (P=0.02), and complications (P=0.001). A risk score for predicting the likelihood of undergoing repeat washout was constructed by counting the number of the following factors present: presence of left shift in CBC, positive blood or synovial fluid cultures, and postoperative temperature over 39°C. Seventy percent of cases had ≥2 of these risk factors and 80% of controls had ≤1 risk factor.

Conclusions:
Cases of pediatric septic arthritis which undergo repeat washout are associated with left shift, high postoperative temperatures, and positive cultures. They have more frequent misdiagnosis leading to delayed treatment and subsequent medical complications.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Dimeglio Score Predicts Treatment Difficulty During Ponseti Casting for Isolated Clubfoot
Authors: Brazell Chris , Carry Patrick M. , Jones Alex , Baschal Robin , Miller Nancy , Holmes Kaley S. , Georgopoulos Gaia 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The Dimeglio score (DS) is widely used to assess clubfoot severity, but its ability to predict long-term outcomes following Ponseti treated isolated clubfoot (IC) is controversial. This study tested the association between the initial DS and its individual parameters with the number of Ponseti clubfoot casts required to achieve correction and the rate of early recurrence following treatment.

Methods:
Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent treatment of IC between March 2012 and March 2015 and were followed for ≥2 years. DSs were collected at the initial casting visit. The number of Ponseti casts required to achieve clubfoot correction before tenotomy and recurrence of deformity were collected as the primary outcome variables. Recurrence was defined as any loss of correction leading to repeat casting or tenotomy during the bracing phase. Negative binomial and logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between the 8 Dimeglio parameters and number of casts and incidence of recurrence, respectively.

Results:
A total of 53 patients (37 male and 16 female) were included in the study. The median number of casts required to achieve an acceptable correction was 5 (range, 2 to 16). The incidence of recurrence was 24.53% (13/53). An increase in derotation, varus, equinus, muscle condition, and total DSs at the initial cast visit were associated with a significant (P<0.05) increase in the number of casts required to achieve an acceptable correction. The derotation parameter [rate ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.50, P=0.0003] was most strongly associated with number of casts. Total DSs at initial visit was the only variable significantly associated with the incidence of deformity recurrence (odds ratio: 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.84, P=0.0482).

Conclusion:
Initial DS is correlated with the number of casts required for correction in Ponseti treated IC. DS may help physicians establish realistic expectations for families with regard to the length of treatment and the possibility of recurrence following Ponseti treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—retrospective prognostic study.
Addressing the Needs of Transgender Patients: How Gynecologists Can Partner in Their Care
Authors: Dendrinos Melina L. , Budrys Nicole M. , Sangha Roopina 
Published: January 2019

Importance
With the increase in patients who identify as transgender, it is crucial that gynecologists are culturally and clinically competent in understanding their unique needs.

Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the key gynecologic issues facing transgender patients and develop an overarching framework of tools needed to address these issues.

Evidence Acquisition
A review of the existing literature was undertaken to address the key clinical aspects of care.

Results
Various aspects of the gynecologic care of transgender patients, including health maintenance and cancer screening examinations, hormone replacement therapy, hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy, and referral and collaboration with the patient's care team, are outlined.

Conclusions and Relevance
Transgender patients are more likely to be engaged and seek care if their identity and their needs are understood. While many aspects of transgender health care follow standard practices, there are significant and important differences, including gender-affirming therapies. This article aims to give gynecologists the necessary tools to partner in the care of transgender patients.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, physicians should be better able to define “transgender”; distinguish health risks unique to the transgender population and propose appropriate screening; differentiate criteria for starting hormone therapy and the regimens available for transgender men; assess gender-affirming surgery techniques; and compare fertility options with patients before and after transitioning.
Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy and Lactation and Infant Growth
Authors: Roth Daniel E. , Morris Shaun K. , Zlotkin Stanley , Gernand Alison D. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Shanta Shaila S. , Papp Eszter , Korsiak Jill , Shi Joy , Islam M. Munirul , Jahan Ishrat , Keya Farhana K. , Willan Andrew R. , Weksberg Rosanna , Mohsin Minhazul , Rahman Qazi S. , Shah Prakesh S. , Murphy Kellie E. , Stimec Jennifer , Pell Lisa G. , Qamar Huma , Al Mahmud Abdullah 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;379:535–546)
It is unclear whether maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improves fetal and infant growth in regions where vitamin D deficiency is common.
Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss After Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Sentilhes Loïc , Winer Norbert , Azria Elie , Sénat Marie-Victoire , Le Ray Camille , Vardon Delphine , Perrotin Franck , Desbrière Raoul , Fuchs Florent , Kayem Gilles , Ducarme Guillaume , Doret-Dion Muriel , Huissoud Cyril , Bohec Caroline , Deruelle Philippe , Darsonval Astrid , Chrétien Jean-Marie , Seco Aurélien , Daniel Valérie , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;379:731–742)
The use of tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in the setting of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This study investigated whether the prophylactic administration of TXA in addition to prophylactic oxytocin in women with vaginal delivery would decrease the incidence of PPH.