bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ion/Electron Temperature Characteristics of Polar Cap Classical and Hot Patches and Their Influence on Ion Upflow
Authors: Ma Yu‐Zhang , Zhang Qing‐He , Xing Zan‐Yang , Heelis Roderick A. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Wang Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe term of “polar cap hot patch” is a newly identified high‐density plasma irregularity at high latitudes, which is associated with high electron temperature and particle precipitation, while a classical polar cap patch has lower electron temperature. To investigate characteristics of hot patches versus classical patches, five years of in situ database of plasma observations from the DMSP satellites was analyzed. For the first time, we show how the ion/electron temperature ratio (or temperature difference) can be used to distinguish between classical and hot patches. For classical patches (Ti/Te > 0.8 or Te < Ti + 600 K), the vertical ion flux is generally downward. For hot patches (Ti/Te < 0.8 or Te > Ti + 600 K), the vertical ion flux is generally upward. The highest upflow occurrence was found near the polar cap boundary, associated with hot patches, particle precipitation, strong convection speed, and localized field‐aligned currents. This result shows that the polar cap hot patches may play a very important role in solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes.
Active Faulting Geometry and Stress Pattern Near Complex Strike‐Slip Systems Along the Maghreb Region: Constraints on Active Convergence in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Soumaya Abdelkader , Ben Ayed Noureddine , Rajabi Mojtaba , Meghraoui Mustapha , Delvaux Damien , Kadri Ali , Ziegler Moritz , Maouche Said , Braham Ahmed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Maghreb region (from Tunisia to Gibraltar) is a key area in the western Mediterranean to study the active tectonics and stress pattern across the Africa‐Eurasia convergent plate boundary. In the present study, we compile comprehensive data set of well‐constrained crustal stress indicators (from single focal mechanism solutions, formal inversion of focal mechanism solutions, and young geologic fault slip data) based on our and published data analyses. Stress inversion of focal mechanisms reveals a first‐order transpression‐compatible stress field and a second‐order spatial variation of tectonic regime across the Maghreb region, with a relatively stable SHmax orientation from east to west. Therefore, the present‐day active contraction of the western Africa‐Eurasia plate boundary is accommodated by (1) E‐W strike‐slip faulting with reverse component along the Eastern Tell and Saharan‐Tunisian Atlas, (2) a predominantly NE trending thrust faulting with strike‐slip component in the Western Tell part, and (3) a conjugate strike‐slip faulting regime with normal component in the Alboran/Rif domain. This spatial variation of the present‐day stress field and faulting regime is relatively in agreement with the inferred stress information from neotectonic features. According to existing and newly proposed structural models, we highlight the role of main geometrically complex shear zones in the present‐day stress pattern of the Maghreb region. Then, different geometries of these major inherited strike‐slip faults and its related fractures (V‐shaped conjugate fractures, horsetail splays faults, and Riedel fractures) impose their component on the second‐ and third‐order stress regimes. Neotectonic and smoothed present‐day stress map (mean SHmax orientation) reveal that plate boundary forces acting on the Africa‐Eurasia collisional plates control the long wavelength of the stress field pattern in the Maghreb. The current tectonic deformations and the upper crustal stress field in the study area are governed by the interplay of the oblique plate convergence (i.e., Africa‐Eurasia), lithosphere‐mantle interaction, and preexisting tectonic weakness zones.
Overexpression of TFF3 is involved in prostate carcinogenesis via blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Liu Jieying , Kim So Youn , Shin Sun , Jung Seung-Hyun , Yim Seon-Hee , Lee Ji Youl , Lee Sug-Hyung , Chung Yeun-Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe overexpression of trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) is observed in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), and its potential role in carcinogenesis, such as activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, is suggested. However, its role and its related mechanisms in prostate tumorigenesis remain unknown. To elucidate the role of TFF3 overexpression in PCa, we silenced TFF3 in two PCa cell lines that overexpressed TFF3 and explored the molecular mechanism behind its antiapoptotic role. We also examined TFF3 expression in 108 Korean PCa specimens and 106 normal prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The mean TFF3 IHC score in the tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the normal tissues (4.702 vs. 0.311, P = 2.52 × 10-24). TFF3-silenced cells showed suppressed tumor cell growth and migration. TFF3 silencing decreased BCL2 and increased BAX expression. The translocation of BAX to the mitochondria was also confirmed. After TFF3 silencing, the expression of the mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins, cytochrome C and Smac/DIABLO, was elevated, and these proteins were released from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Downstream mediators of mitochondrial apoptosis, including cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP, were also elevated. Accordingly, the proportion of apoptotic cells was significantly higher among TFF3-silenced cells. There was no difference in extrinsic apoptosis-related molecules after TFF3 silencing. All the results support that TFF3 silencing induces the downstream signaling pathway of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting TFF3 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of PCa.
Novel HDAC5-interacting motifs of Tbx3 are essential for the suppression of E-cadherin expression and for the promotion of metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dong Liang , Dong Qi , Chen Ying , Li Yichen , Zhang Bao , Zhou Fanghang , Lyu Xiaoming , Chen George G. , Lai Paul , Kung Hsiang-fu , He Ming-Liang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTbx3, a transcriptional repressor, is essential in the organogenesis of vertebrates, stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and the carcinogenesis of multiple tumor types. However, the mechanism by which Tbx3 participates in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that Tbx3 was dramatically upregulated in clinical HCC samples and that elevated expression of Tbx3 promoted cancer progression. To determine the underlying mechanism, systematic glycine scan mutagenesis and deletion assays were performed. We identified two critical motifs, 585LFSYPYT591 and 604HRH606, that contribute to the repression of transcriptional activity. These motifs are also essential for Tbx3 to promote cell migration and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo via the suppression of E-cadherin expression. More importantly, Tbx3 directly interacts with HDAC5 via these motifs, and an HDAC inhibitor blocks Tbx3-mediated cell migration and the downregulation of E-cadherin in HCC. As Tbx3 is involved in the carcinogenesis of multiple types of human cancers, our findings suggest an important target for anti-cancer drug development.
Extreme amyloid polymorphism in Staphylococcus aureus virulent PSMα peptides
Authors: Salinas Nir , Colletier Jacques-Philippe , Moshe Asher , Landau Meytal 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMembers of theStaphylococcus aureusphenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptide family are secreted as functional amyloids that serve diverse roles in pathogenicity and may be present as full-length peptides or as naturally occurring truncations. We recently showed that the activity of PSMα3, the most toxic member, stems from the formation of cross-α fibrils, which are at variance with the cross-β fibrils linked with eukaryotic amyloid pathologies. Here, we show that PSMα1 and PSMα4, involved in biofilm structuring, form canonical cross-β amyloid fibrils wherein β-sheets tightly mate through steric zipper interfaces, conferring high stability. Contrastingly, a truncated PSMα3 has antibacterial activity, forms reversible fibrils, and reveals two polymorphic and atypical β-rich fibril architectures. These architectures are radically different from both the cross-α fibrils formed by full-length PSMα3, and from the canonical cross-β fibrils. Our results point to structural plasticity being at the basis of the functional diversity exhibited byS. aureusPSMαs.
Overexpressing lncRNA LAIR increases grain yield and regulates neighbouring gene cluster expression in rice
Authors: Wang Ying , Luo Xiaojin , Sun Fan , Hu Jianhua , Zha Xiaojun , Su Wei , Yang Jinshui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. Despite increasing knowledge on the function of lncRNAs, little is known about their effects on crop yield. Here, we identify a lncRNA transcribed from the antisense strand of neighbouring gene LRK (leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase) cluster named LAIR (LRK Antisense Intergenic RNA). LAIR overexpression increases rice grain yield and upregulates the expression of several LRK genes. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results indicate H3K4me3 and H4K16ac are significantly enriched at the activated LRK1 genomic region. LAIR binds histone modification proteins OsMOF and OsWDR5 in rice cells, which are enriched in LRK1 gene region. Moreover, LAIR is demonstrated to bind 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of LRK1 gene. Overall, this study reveals the role of lncRNA LAIR in regulating rice grain yield and lncRNAs may be useful targets for crop breeding.
Nrf2 negatively regulates STING indicating a link between antiviral sensing and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Olagnier David , Brandtoft Aske M. , Gunderstofte Camilla , Villadsen Nikolaj L. , Krapp Christian , Thielke Anne L. , Laustsen Anders , Peri Suraj , Hansen Anne Louise , Bonefeld Lene , Thyrsted Jacob , Bruun Victor , Iversen Marie B. , Lin Lin , Artegoitia Virginia M. , Su Chenhe , Yang Long , Lin Rongtuan , Balachandran Siddharth , Luo Yonglun , Nyegaard Mette , Marrero Bernadette , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Motwani Mona , Ryan Dylan G. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , O’Neill Luke A. , Hollensen Anne K. , Damgaard Christian K. , de Paoli Frank v. , Bertram Hanne C. , Jakobsen Martin R. , Poulsen Thomas B. , Holm Christian K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe transcription factor Nrf2 is a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. If and how Nrf2 also affects cytosolic nucleic acid sensing is currently unknown. Here we identify Nrf2 as an important negative regulator of STING and suggest a link between metabolic reprogramming and antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing in human cells. Here, Nrf2 activation decreases STING expression and responsiveness to STING agonists while increasing susceptibility to infection with DNA viruses. Mechanistically, Nrf2 regulates STING expression by decreasing STING mRNA stability. Repression of STING by Nrf2 occurs in metabolically reprogrammed cells following TLR4/7 engagement, and is inducible by a cell-permeable derivative of the TCA-cycle-derived metabolite itaconate (4-octyl-itaconate, 4-OI). Additionally, engagement of this pathway by 4-OI or the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane is sufficient to repress STING expression and type I IFN production in cells from patients with STING-dependent interferonopathies. We propose Nrf2 inducers as a future treatment option in STING-dependent inflammatory diseases.
A feed forward loop enforces YAP/TAZ signaling during tumorigenesis
Authors: Gill Mandeep K. , Christova Tania , Zhang Ying Y. , Gregorieff Alex , Zhang Liang , Narimatsu Masahiro , Song Siyuan , Xiong Shawn , Couzens Amber L. , Tong Jiefei , Krieger Jonathan R. , Moran Michael F. , Zlotta Alexandre R. , van der Kwast Theodorus H. , Gingras Anne-Claude , Sicheri Frank , Wrana Jeffrey L. , Attisano Liliana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn most solid tumors, the Hippo pathway is inactivated through poorly understood mechanisms that result in the activation of the transcriptional regulators, YAP and TAZ. Here, we identify NUAK2 as a YAP/TAZ activator that directly inhibits LATS-mediated phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ and show that NUAK2 induction by YAP/TAZ and AP-1 is required for robust YAP/TAZ signaling. Pharmacological inhibition or loss of NUAK2 reduces the growth of cultured cancer cells and mammary tumors in mice. Moreover, in human patient samples, we show that NUAK2 expression is elevated in aggressive, high-grade bladder cancer and strongly correlates with a YAP/TAZ gene signature. These findings identify a positive feed forward loop in the Hippo pathway that establishes a key role for NUAK2 in enforcing the tumor-promoting activities of YAP/TAZ. Our results thus introduce a new opportunity for cancer therapeutics by delineating NUAK2 as a potential target for re-engaging the Hippo pathway.
EMT- and stroma-related gene expression and resistance to PD-1 blockade in urothelial cancer
Authors: Wang Li , Saci Abdel , Szabo Peter M. , Chasalow Scott D. , Castillo-Martin Mireia , Domingo-Domenech Josep , Siefker-Radtke Arlene , Sharma Padmanee , Sfakianos John P. , Gong Yixuan , Dominguez-Andres Ana , Oh William K. , Mulholland David , Azrilevich Alex , Hu Liangyuan , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Salmon Hélène , Bhardwaj Nina , Zhu Jun , Galsky Matthew D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCancers infiltrated with T-cells are associated with a higher likelihood of response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Counterintuitively, a correlation between epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression and T-cell infiltration has been observed across tumor types. Here we demonstrate, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) urothelial cancer dataset, that although a gene expression-based measure of infiltrating T-cell abundance and EMT-related gene expression are positively correlated, these signatures convey disparate prognostic information. We further demonstrate that non-hematopoietic stromal cells are a major source of EMT-related gene expression in bulk urothelial cancer transcriptomes. Finally, using a cohort of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer treated with a PD-1 inhibitor, nivolumab, we demonstrate that in patients with T-cell infiltrated tumors, higher EMT/stroma-related gene expression is associated with lower response rates and shorter progression-free and overall survival. Together, our findings suggest a stroma-mediated source of immune resistance in urothelial cancer and provide rationale for co-targeting PD-1 and stromal elements.
A novel logistic regression model combining semi-supervised learning and active learning for disease classification
Authors: Chai Hua , Liang Yong , Wang Sai , Shen Hai-wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraditional supervised learning classifier needs a lot of labeled samples to achieve good performance, however in many biological datasets there is only a small size of labeled samples and the remaining samples are unlabeled. Labeling these unlabeled samples manually is difficult or expensive. Technologies such as active learning and semi-supervised learning have been proposed to utilize the unlabeled samples for improving the model performance. However in active learning the model suffers from being short-sighted or biased and some manual workload is still needed. The semi-supervised learning methods are easy to be affected by the noisy samples. In this paper we propose a novel logistic regression model based on complementarity of active learning and semi-supervised learning, for utilizing the unlabeled samples with least cost to improve the disease classification accuracy. In addition to that, an update pseudo-labeled samples mechanism is designed to reduce the false pseudo-labeled samples. The experiment results show that this new model can achieve better performances compared the widely used semi-supervised learning and active learning methods in disease classification and gene selection.
Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors
Authors: Wang Yuehang , Lim Rachel Su Ann , Zhang Huijuan , Nyayapathi Nikhila , Oh Kwang W. , Xia Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough linear transducer arrays have been intensely used in photoacoustic imaging, their geometrical shape constrains light illumination. Today, most linear array based photoacoustic systems utilize side-illumination geometry, which consists of two line fiber bundles attached to the side of the probe. The angled light illumination increases the light travel distance in deep tissue, consequently limiting the imaging depth. This issue was partially addressed by adding a right angle prism in front of the transducer. While this design makes the light illumination and acoustic detection co-axial, the transducer and the fiber bundles are orthogonal to each other, making the system inconvenient for handheld use. To overcome this limitation, here we propose a double-reflector design, in which the second reflector redirects the acoustic signals by another 90°, so that the transducer and the fiber bundle are now parallel to each other. In this design, both the transducer and fiber bundle output are fitted into a compact housing for convenient handheld imaging. To evaluate the efficiency of our design, we performed various phantom and humanin vivoexperiments. Our results demonstrate that the double-reflector design indeed provides deeper imaging depth and it also allows for easy imaging of objects with uneven surfaces.
Google searches do not correlate with melanoma incidence in majority English speaking countries
Authors: McDonald Laura , Simpson Alex , Graham Sophie , Schultze Anna , Nordstrom Beth , Durani Piyush , Mehmud Faisal , Ramagopalan Sreeram V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent reports have suggested that internet search behaviour may be a valuable tool to estimate melanoma incidence and mortality. Previous studies have used incorrect statistical methods, were focussed on the United States and/or did not use non-cancer control search terms to provide a context for interpreting the effects seen with the cancer-related terms. Using more robust statistical methods we found that no cancer search terms were significantly, or strongly correlated with melanoma incidence in 6 countries.
Immer up to date
Authors: Stark Uwe 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungImmer auf dem neusten Informationsstand zu sein, ist für OP-Personal sehr wichtig, da häufig neue Systeme, Techniken oder Geräte zum Einsatz kommen. Doch wie
kann sichergestellt werden, dass tatsächlich alle Mitarbeiter die Infos erhalten? Unser Autor klärt auf.
Morbiditätsorientierter Risikoausgleich in der Schweiz: Wie Kassen sich auf die Einführung vorbereiten – Einige Überlegungen aus
gesundheitsökonomischer Sicht
Authors: Oggier Willy 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der sozialen Krankenversicherung in der Schweiz steht der Wechsel auf einen morbiditätsorientierten Risikostrukturausgleich bevor. Mittels einer
Befragung diverser Geschäftsleitungs-Mitglieder von Krankenversicherern wurde der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich diese darauf vorbereiten. Dabei zeigten sich
Unterschiede im Bereich der (Weiter-) Entwicklung integrierter Versorgungsmodelle, um vermehrt chronisch Kranke statt gesunde Versicherte anzulocken.
Factor-XII Congenital Deficiency. A New Family Study
Authors: Lucia J F , Ercoreca L , Torres M , Giralt M , Raichs A 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis report describes two people in a family with Hageman trait (homozygotes) (Factor XII = 0.06%). In addition eight family members were studied to evaluate the inheritance of this congenital deficiency. A study of the Kallikrein-Kininogen system induced by the fragments of Factor XII was also carried out.It is concluded that the inheritance is as described by Veltkamp and that the Kallikrein release from the prekallikreinogen (Fletcher factor) “in vitro” is related to the amount of Factor XII procoagulant protein.
Studies on the Thrombogenic Activities in Two Prothrombin Complex Concentrates
Authors: Hedner Ulla , Nilsson Inga Marie , Bergentz Sven-Erik 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe effect on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems of various factor IX concentrates after addition of heparin, antithrombin III or Trasylol to the concentrate before infusion into dogs was studied in an attempt to characterize the clot-promoting activity or activities in these concentrates. After infusion of Preconativ (AB Kabi; 100 u factor IX/kg bodyweight) only small decreases of fibrinogen and platelet count in the samples taken 1 and 4 hrs after infusion were found. Addition of heparin (10 u/ml; 5 dogs) or Trasylol (40 u/u factor IX initially followed by 10,000 u/h; 3 dogs) had no effect but addition of antithrombin III (100 u/kg; 3 dogs) prevented all changes. Infusion of Konyne (Cutter Laboratories; 100 u/kg bodyweight) induced marked decreases of both fibrinogen and the platelet count at 1, 4 and 24 hrs after infusion and the ethanol gelation test became positive. Addition of heparin (10 u/ml; 5 dogs) diminished the changes but did not completely counteract them. Antithrombin III (100 u/kg; 3 dogs) added to the concentrate before infusion also reduced the induced changes to about the same extent as heparin. Trasylol (40 u/u factor IX initially followed by 10,000 u/h; 3 dogs) did not seem to have any effect. Addition of both antithrombin III and Trasylol (4 dogs) did, however, prevent almost all changes.It is thus obvious that the two commercial factor IX concentrates used may contain clot promoting activities and that these activities may differ between various concentrates.
Plasma High Molecular Weight Kininogen Concentration in Health and in Chosen Impairments of Haemostasis. Evidence that Plasmin Uncovers a New Antigenic Site in High Molecular Weight Kininogen
Authors: Kleniewski Józef 
Published: August 2018

SummaryHigh molecular weight kininogen (HMW-kininogen) concentration was measured in the plasma of healthy blood donors, patients with haemophilia A, idiopathic thrombocytopoenic purpura, deep vein thrombosis treated with oral anticoagulants and patients treated with streptokinase (SK). The concentration of HMW-kininogen in the plasma of healthy subjects was 92 ± 15 μg/ml. The values obtained in patients’ plasma were not different statistically. In the plasma of patients treated with repeated infusion of SK, a significant increase of HMW-kininogen antigen activity was noted after each injection of the drug. Similar results were obtained when SK was added to plasma “in vitro” or when a purified preparation of HMW-kininogen was treated with plasmin. These and additional data obtained suggest that plasmin uncovers in the HMW-kininogen molecule a new antigenic site(s) common to HMW-kininogen and low molecular weight kininogen and new antigenic site(s) specific only for HMW-kininogen.
Inhibition by N-Acetyl Neuraminic (Sialic) Acid of Platelet Aggregation Induced by Different Stimuli
Authors: Kovács Iren B , Görög P 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAddition of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (sialic acid, NANA) to citrated rat platelet-rich plasma significantly inhibited aggregation induced by near-threshold concentration of ADP, collagen or thrombin. In heparinized rat platelet-rich plasma aggregation of platelets induced by endotoxin or tumour cells of various origins was also inhibited by sialic acid.It is suggested that exogenous or endogenous sialic acid may act against various aggregating stimuli on the platelet membrane by masking a common factor through which various aggregating agents exert their effect.