bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restorative Justice in Juvenile Courts in Brazil: a brief review of Porto Alegre and São Caetano pilot projects
Authors: Achutti Daniel , Pallamolla Raffaella 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, it is presented the results of the first three years (2005-2007) of the application of Restorative Justice (RJ) in the Brazilian juvenile justice system. To this end, it was made a bibliographical and documental researches, so all data used in the paper has not been collected directly by the authors. Good results are verified, despite the almost complete absence of publicity given to the work developed in the country. It was also noticed a considerable lack of dialogue between those who are responsible for the programmes, the legal actors involved, and the local Universities. For even better results, it is suggested that all institutions involved improve the dialogue between them and encourage scientific researches of their own practices.
En este artículo se presentan los resultados de los tres primeros años (2005-2007) de la aplicación de la Justicia Restaurativa (RJ) en el sistema de justicia juvenil brasileño. Para ello, se realizaron investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales, por lo cual los datos utilizados en el estudio no fueron recogidos directamente por los autores. Los resultados verificados son positivos, a pesar de la ausencia casi total de publicidad que se dio a los trabajos desarrollados en el país. También se observó una considerable falta de diálogo entre los responsables de los programas, los actores jurídicos involucrados y las universidades locales. Para obtener mejores resultados, se sugiere la mejora del diálogo entre todas las instituciones involucradas y que se fomente la investigación científica de sus propias prácticas.
Improving communication of patient issues on transfer out of intensive care
Authors: Roberts Jessica Caroline , Johnston-Walker Lizzie , Parker Kim , Townend Katherine , Bickley James 
Published: April 2019

The written medical handover document is frequently poor in quality and highly variable which raises concerns about patient safety. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients have complex medical and social issues which increases the risk of errors during ongoing hospital treatment. Our project team of four doctors and two nurses aimed to improve the documentation of patient problems as they leave the ICU.A literature review and process mapping of both medical and nursing transfer documentation helped in understanding the current process. Current problems (CP) were defined as any patient issues which require ongoing thought, management or follow-up.Our progress was tracked using a measure of the number of CPs listed in the free-text field titled ‘Current Problems’ in 50 medical transfer documents. This was graphed on a control chart showing a process in statistical control. Means and control limits were recalculated whenever a process shift occurred.There was no relationship between the number of CPs listed and length of ICU stay, age of patient, or severity of illness on presentation (Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score). An inter-relationship graph identified the key drivers which were amenable to change: (1) the doctors completing the clinical summary at the time of discharge did not have all the information readily available to them and (2) the doctors were uncertain of the types of problem which should be communicated.Improvements were designed and trialled using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to address these two key drivers. At baseline, the average number of CPs per patient was 1.8. After implementation of a paper problem list at the patient bedside, with supporting education, the average increased to 2.7. This was further improved by the addition of a checklist of common patient problems. This increased the average to 3.85.These improvements were permanently implemented and ongoing audits have shown sustained improvement using statistical process control methods.
Using Built-In Sensors to Predict and Utilize User Satisfaction for CPU Settings on Smartphones
Authors: Poyraz Emirhan , Memik Gokhan 
Published: April 2019

Understanding user experience/satisfaction with mobile systems in order to manage computational resources has become a popular approach in recent years. One of the key issues in this area is to gauge user satisfaction. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a system to save energy by altering CPU core count and frequency while keeping users satisfied. Specifically, the system uses the sensor data collected from two popular personal devices: a smartphone and a smartwatch. In the proposed architecture, we first develop prediction models by collecting sensor data along with user performance satisfaction inputs. Then, our system predicts users' current satisfaction and sets CPU core/frequency based on these predictions in real-time. We observe that sensor data gathered from these two devices are highly correlated with users' instantaneous satisfaction of the phone.
We evaluate the proposed system by developing and comparing two different models. First, we develop a user-independent (user-oblivious) model by using data gathered from 10 users. Second, we develop user-dependent (personal) models for 20 different users. We demonstrate that both models can predict satisfaction with over 97% accuracy on average when a binary satisfaction model is used (i.e., users indicating satisfied versus unsatisfied). The prediction accuracy is over 91% on average if a 3-level satisfaction model is used. Our results also show that when compared to default scheme, the user-independent and user-dependent models save 8.96% and 10.12% of the total system energy on average, respectively, without impacting user satisfaction.
Going Beyond the Sequences: TCR Binding Patterns at the Service of Cancer Detection
Authors: Zoete Vincent , Coukos George 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Deep sequencing of T-cell receptors enables the comprehensive profiling of lymphocyte populations and the characterization of the repertoire of T-cell responses against tumors, which could be applied to diagnose cancers. Ostmeyer and colleagues introduce a novel approach to characterize TCR patterns correlating with antigen recognition. By projecting the large TCR sequence space into a handful of biophysicochemical descriptors for key residues and seeking TCRs with similar antigen-binding capabilities even in the absence of identical amino acids, this approach presents several advantages over current methods.
See related article by Ostmeyer et al., p. 1671
Regorafenib Promotes Antitumor Immunity via Inhibiting PD-L1 and IDO1 Expression in Melanoma
Authors: Wu Rui-Yan , Kong Peng-Fei , Xia Liang-Ping , Huang Yun , Li Zhi-Ling , Tang Yun-Yun , Chen Yu-Hong , Li Xuan , Senthilkumar Ravichandran , Zhang Hai-Liang , Sun Ting , Xu Xue-Lian , Yu Yan , Mai Jia , Peng Xiao-Dan , Yang Dong , Zhou Li-Huan , Feng Gong-Kan , Deng Rong , Zhu Xiao-Feng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy induces durable tumor regressions in a minority of patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify kinase inhibitors that were capable of increasing the antimelanoma immunity.

Experimental Design:
Flow cytometry–based screening was performed to identify kinase inhibitors that can block the IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells. The pharmacologic activities of regorafenib alone or in combination with immunotherapy in vitro and in vivo were determined. The mechanisms of regorafenib were explored and analyzed in melanoma patients treated with or without anti–PD-1 using The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets.

Results:
Through screening of a kinase inhibitor library, we found approximately 20 agents that caused more than half reduction of cell surface PD-L1 level, and regorafenib was one of the most potent agents. Furthermore, our results showed that regorafenib, in vitro and in vivo, strongly promoted the antitumor efficacy when combined with IFNγ or ICB. By targeting the RET–Src axis, regorafenib potently inhibited JAK1/2–STAT1 and MAPK signaling and subsequently attenuated the IFNγ-induced PD-L1 and IDO1 expression without affecting MHC-I expression much. Moreover, RET and Src co-high expression was an independent unfavorable prognosis factor in melanoma patients with or without ICB through inhibiting the antitumor immune response.

Conclusions:
Our data unveiled a new mechanism of alleviating IFNγ-induced PD-L1 and IDO1 expression and provided a rationale to explore a novel combination of ICB with regorafenib clinically, especially in melanoma with RET/Src axis activation.
Adoptive Immunotherapy with Antigen-Specific T Cells Expressing a Native TCR
Authors: Leung Wingchi , Heslop Helen E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although T cells genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors became the first immune effector product to obtain FDA approval, T-cell products that recognize their antigenic targets through their native receptors have also produced encouraging responses. For instance, T cells recognizing immunogenic viral antigens are effective when infused in immunosuppressed patients. A large number of tumor antigens are also expressed on nonviral tumors, but these antigens are less immunogenic. Many tumors can evade a transferred immune response by producing variants, which have lost the targeted antigens, or inhibitory molecules that recruit suppressive cells, impeding persistence and function of immune effectors. Nevertheless, infusion of antigen-specific T cells has been well-tolerated, and clinical responses have been consistently associated with immune activity against tumor antigens and epitope spreading. To overcome some of the obstacles mentioned above, current research is focused on defining ex vivo culture conditions that promote in vivo persistence and activity of infused antigen-specific T cells. Combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors or epigenetic modifiers to improve T-cell activity are also being evaluated in the clinic. Antigen-specific T cells may also be manufactured to overcome tumor evasion mechanisms by targeting multiple antigens and engineered to be resistant to inhibitory factors, such as TGFβ, or to produce the cytokines that are essential for T-cell expansion and sustained antitumor activity. Here, we discuss the use of T cells specific to tumor antigens through their native receptors and strategies under investigation to improve antitumor responses.
ACRA Perfusion Study
Authors: van Leeuwen Maarten A.H. , van der Heijden Dirk J. , Hollander Maurits R. , Mulder Mark J. , van de Ven Peter M. , Ritt Marco J.P.F. , Kiemeneij Ferdinand , van Mieghem Nicolas M. , van Royen Niels 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Transradial intervention (TRI) may impair digital perfusion with hand dysfunction as a result. However, the effect of TRI on digital perfusion has never been investigated, including the influence of variations of the collateral arterial network and the effect on hand dysfunction.

Methods and Results:

We investigated the effect of TRI on digital perfusion by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was performed at baseline, during radial access, TR band application, and at discharge. We compared tissue perfusion of the homolateral thumb (access site) with the contralateral thumb (comparator) during radial access as primary outcome. The hand circulation was assessed with angiography. Upper extremity function was evaluated with the validated QuickDASH questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. A significant reduction of tissue perfusion was observed during radial access and TR band application in the homolateral thumb (−32%, −32%, respectively) and contralateral thumb (−34%, −21%, respectively). We detected no perfusion difference between the homolateral and contralateral thumb during radial access (217; interquartile range, 112–364 versus 209; interquartile range, 99–369 arbitrary flux units;
P
=0.59). Reduced perfusion of the thumb during radial access was not associated with incompleteness of the superficial palmar arch (
P
=0.13). Digital perfusion improved at discharge, though it remained below baseline levels (homolateral −11% and contralateral −14%). Hand dysfunction at 18 months was not associated with TRI-induced perfusion reduction (
P
=0.54).

Conclusions:
TRI is safe. Digital perfusion is reduced in both hands during radial access and TR band application but is not associated with future loss of hand function and variations of the arterial hand supply.
Calibration Uncertainties of Tropical Pacific Climate Reconstructions over the Last Millennium
Authors: Yun Kyung-Sook , Timmermann Axel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeveral climate field reconstruction methods assume stationarity between the leading patterns of variability identified during the instrumental calibration period and the reconstruction period. We examine how and to what extent this restrictive assumption may generate uncertainties in reconstructing past tropical Pacific climate variability. Based on the Last Millennium (850–2005 CE) ensemble simulations conducted with the Community Earth System Model and by developing a series of pseudoproxy reconstructions for different calibration periods, we find that the overall reconstruction skill for global and more regional-scale climate indices depends significantly on the magnitude of externally forced global mean temperature variability during the chosen calibration period. This effect strongly reduces the fidelity of reconstructions of decadal to centennial-scale tropical climate variability, associated with the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and centennial-scale temperature shifts between the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). In contrast, our pseudoproxy-based analysis demonstrates that reconstructions of interannual El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability are more robust and less affected by changes in calibration period.
Evaluation and Bias Correction in WRF Model Forecasting of Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration
Authors: Bughici Theodor , Lazarovitch Naftali , Fredj Erick , Tas Eran 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A reliable forecast of potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is key to precise irrigation scheduling toward reducing water and agrochemical use while optimizing crop yield. In this study, we examine the benefits of using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for ET0 and precipitation forecasts with simulations at a 3-km grid spatial resolution and an hourly temporal resolution output over Israel. The simulated parameters needed to calculate ET0 using the Penman–Monteith (PM) approach, as well as calculated ET0 and precipitation, were compared to observations from a network of meteorological stations. WRF forecasts of all PM meteorological parameters, except wind speed Ws, were significantly sensitive to seasonality and synoptic conditions, whereas forecasts of Ws consistently showed high bias associated with strong local effects, leading to high bias in the evaluated PM–ET0. Local Ws bias correction using observations on days preceding the forecast and interpolation of the resulting PM–ET0 to other locations led to significant improvement in ET0 forecasts over the investigated area. By using this hybrid forecast approach (WRFBC) that combines WRF numerical simulations with statistical bias corrections, daily ET0 forecast bias was reduced from an annual mean of 13% with WRF to 3% with WRFBC, while maintaining a high model–observation correlation. WRF was successful in predicting precipitation events on a daily event basis for all four forecast lead days. Considering the benefit of the hybrid approach for forecasting ET0, the WRF Model was found to be a high-potential tool for improving crop irrigation management.
Common Pitfalls of Head and Neck Research Using Cancer Registries
Authors: Jones Evan A. , Shuman Andrew G. , Egleston Brian L. , Liu Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo highlight common pitfalls observed in scientific research derived from national cancer registries, predominantly the Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the National Cancer Database.Data SourcesLiterature review and expert opinion.Review MethodsThis state‐of‐the‐art review consolidates the literature with editorial experiences describing how and why statistically flawed studies are usually rejected for publication, highlighting common errors in submitted articles employing national cancer registries.ConclusionsPitfalls were identified in 2 major areas—design and data analysis. Design pitfalls included unbalanced cohorts, uncontrolled covariates, and flawed oncologic variables. Analytical pitfalls included incorrect application of univariate analyses, inclusion of inaccurate data, and inclusion of stage IVc disease in curative survival analysis. Additional limitations of database studies were identified, including absence of patient‐related outcomes, hypothesis‐generating vs practice‐changing implications, and inability to differentiate between overall survival and disease‐specific survival.Implications for PracticeMethodological strategies are suggested to ensure careful analytical design and appropriate interpretation. Although national cancer registries provide a wealth of data, researchers must remain vigilant when designing studies and analyzing these data sets. Inherent design flaws raise considerable problems with interpretation; however, when analyzed judiciously, registries can lead to a better understanding of cancer outcomes.
Team members perspectives on conflicts in clinical ethics committees
Authors: Scherer Anika , Alt-Epping Bernd , Nauck Friedemann , Marx Gabriella 
Published: April 2019

Background: Clinical ethics committees have been broadly implemented in university hospitals, general hospitals and nursing homes. To ensure the quality of ethics consultations, evaluation should be mandatory. Research question/aim: The aim of this article is to evaluate the perspectives of all people involved and the process of implementation on the wards. Research design and participants: The data were collected in two steps: by means of non-participating observation of four ethics case consultations and by open-guided interviews with 28 participants. Data analysis was performed according to grounded theory. Ethical considerations: The study received approval from the local Ethics Commission (registration no.: 32/11/10). Findings: ‘Communication problems’ and ‘hierarchical team conflicts’ proved to be the main aspects that led to ethics consultation, involving two factors: unresolvable differences arise in the context of team conflicts on the ward and unresolvable differences prevent a solution being found. Hierarchical asymmetries, which are common in the medical field, support this vicious circle. Based on this, minor or major disagreements regarding clinical decisions might be seen as ethical conflicts. The expectation on the clinical ethics committee is to solve this (communication) problem, but the participants experienced that hierarchy is maintained by the clinical ethics committee members. Discussion: The asymmetrical structures of the clinical ethics committee reflect the institutional hierarchical nature. They endure, despite the fact that the clinical ethics committee should be able to detect and overcome them. Disagreements among care givers are described as one of the most difficult ethically relevant situations and should be recognised by the clinical ethics committee. On the contrary, discussion of team conflicts and clinical ethical issues should not be combined, since the first is a mandate for team supervision. Conclusion: To avoid dominance by physicians and an excessively factual character of the presentation, the case or conflict could be presented by both physicians and nurses, a strategy that strengthens the interpersonal and emotional aspects and also integrates both professional perspectives.
Ocular bleeding in an undiagnosed hemophiliac neonate causing irreversible loss of vision: A case report with review of the literature
Authors: Al-Sharif Eman , AlEnezi Saad H , Sharif Heba Al , Osman Essam A 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is an unexpected complication after penetrating keratoplasty during childhood. We report the case of delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage after penetrating keratoplasty in a neonate as the first manifestation of hemophilia. Case report: A 4-day-old neonate was referred to our hospital because of bilateral corneal opacities present since birth. A diagnosis of bilateral Peter’s anomaly type 2 with right eye corneal perforation was made after examination. Appropriate treatment was commenced, and later, right eye therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty combined with lensectomy, and anterior vitrectomy was performed. This was complicated postoperatively with suprachoroidal hemorrhage and retinal detachment. Conservative management was advised due to poor visual prognosis. Three months later, the patient was found to have high intraocular pressure in the left eye and glaucoma surgery was recommended. Proper hematological investigations before glaucoma surgery in the left eye revealed a low level of factor VIII with normal levels of factor IX and von Willebrand’s factor antigen. Therefore, a diagnosis of hemophilia type A was established. Conclusion: This case serves as a reminder that the occurrence of suprachoroidal hemorrhage, especially in the absence of other predisposing risk factors, should warrant detailed systemic assessment to exclude underlying bleeding disorders.
Chromium exposure disrupts chromatin architecture upsetting the mechanisms that regulate transcription
Authors: Zablon Hesbon A , VonHandorf Andrew , Puga Alvaro 
Published: April 2019

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly mutagenic and carcinogenic chemical used in many industrial processes. Occupational exposure to chromium, occurring mostly by inhalation, constitutes a major lung cancer risk affecting chromium workers. Environmental exposure, on the other hand, mainly by ingestion of contaminated drinking water, is a widespread gastrointestinal cancer risk, affecting millions of people throughout the world. One of the major mechanisms through which Cr(VI) causes carcinogenic transformation is thought to be the disruption of transcriptional regulation. Indeed, Cr(VI)-directed DNA damage and crosslinking occurs preferentially at sites where active DNA replication and transcription processes take place. Accordingly, numerous studies have shown that Cr(VI) causes gene expression changes in a wide range of cell signaling pathways, resulting from Cr(VI)-induced direct macromolecular damage, alteration in transcription factor function, and disruption of epigenetic signatures. This brief review highlights past and current information on the impact of Cr(VI) on the various mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Impact statement This mini-review highlights current evidence on the mechanisms through which hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) disrupts transcriptional regulation, an emerging area of interest and one of the central processes by which chromium induces carcinogenesis. Several studies have shown that Cr(VI) causes widespread DNA damage and disrupts epigenetic signatures, suggesting that chromatin may be a direct Cr(VI) target. The findings discussed here suggest that Cr(VI) disrupts transcriptional regulation by causing genomic architecture changes.