bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant and Crusius on Belief and Practical Justification
Authors: Gava Gabriele 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKant’s account of practical justification for belief has attracted much attention in the literature, especially in recent years. In this context, scholars have generally emphasized the originality of Kant’s thought about belief (Glaube), and Kant indeed offers a definition of belief that is very different from views that were prevalent in eighteenth-century Germany. In this article, however, I argue that it is very likely that Christian August Crusius exerted influence on Kant’s definition of belief and his account of practical justification. In turn, acknowledging this influence has relevant consequences for how we understand the phenomenology of Kantian belief.
Leaving the Enchanted World Behind: Kant on the Order of Nature, Empirical Space and the Possibility of Miracles
Authors: Reichl Pavel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite relative neglect in the literature, Kant’s published and unpublished writings in theoretical philosophy reveal a sustained and at times ambivalent effort to come to terms with the problem of miracles. Because they entail a form of supernatural causation that undermines the law-governedness of the order of nature, miracles pose a significant problem for Kant’s metaphysics. I explore in detail Kant’s account of miracles in conjunction with the relevant aspects of his metaphysics of nature in order to establish in what sense miracles are possible, and how they fit into Kant’s architectonic more generally.
We've Always Done It This Way
Authors: Vickery Barry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article represents a summary of the plenary session that Barry Vickery presented to delegates at the 2018 BIALL Conference in Birmingham. It explored the changing role of technology in a range of different markets and showed how different management styles, attitudes and strategies have created very different outcomes for those respective companies. Those that have chosen to ignore technology have generally suffered, fallen behind the competition and in ever increasing numbers, gone bust. Parallels were drawn between these companies and professional services today. Are there lessons we can take from these failures that we can use in our working life, even in our personal lives, or do we just keep our head down and convince ourselves that ‘We've always done it this way’?
Interview with the New Head of the Library of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
Authors: Holland Claudia , Murray Liz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, where Liz Murray, Information Resources Manager at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) in London, interviews Claudia Holland, Head of the Library of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law, the strategic direction of the new Head Librarian is explored. The strengths of this major international, comparative private law library are considered and the balance between providing electronic access to law resources while still maintaining an excellent legal print collection is examined. The importance of networks and collaboration is also highlighted.
The Crustacea of the Insect Bed (latest Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, England, including the first spinicaudatan (clam shrimp) from the British Cenozoic
Authors: GALLEGO Oscar F. , YAN-BIN Shen , JARZEMBOWSKI Ed , SLIPPER Ian J. , SELF Angela , MONFERRAN Mateo D. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe crustacean fauna of the Insect Bed (late Eocene), Isle of Wight is reviewed. The fauna comprises the branchiopodBranchipodites vectensisWoodward, 1879, ostracodPotamocypris brodieiJones and Sherborn, 1889, and isopodEosphaeroma margarum(Desmarest, 1822). In addition a new clam shrimp (Crustacea: Diplostraca: Spinicaudata) is described and namedParaleptestheria mitchellisp. nov. This is the first record of the genus outside China and the first ‘conchostracan' to be described from the European Cenozoic.
New lacewings from the Insect Bed (late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae)
Authors: NEL André , JARZEMBOWSKI Edmund A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTNew fossils of the families Nemopteridae and Chrysopidae are recorded and a new species of Hemerobiidae, Sympherobius yulei sp. nov., is described from the late Eocene Insect Bed of the Isle of Wight. The new nemopterid belongs to the tribe Stenonemiini and is very similar to a specimen already recorded from the Early Oligocene of Alsace (France), suggesting that these warm-climate insects were not affected by the ‘Oi-1 Glaciation' cooling.
Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory für Kinder und Jugendliche (BFI-K KJ)
Authors: Kupper Katharina , Krampen Dorothea , Rammstedt Beatrice , Rohrmann Sonja 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory für Kinder und Jugendliche (BFI-K KJ) stellt einen deutschsprachigen Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen zur Erfassung von Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Neurotizismus und Offenheit für Erfahrungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dar. Der Fragebogen wurde basierend auf einer Stichprobe von N = 267 Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 9 bis 16 Jahren ( M = 11.77, SD = 2.08; 52 % Mädchen) entwickelt und umfasst 26 Items. Die internen Konsistenzanalysen, Retest-Reliabilitäten und Interkorrelationen der Skalen sprechen für die Zuverlässigkeit des Verfahrens. Auch erweist sich das Verfahren als valide: So konnten (a) die 5-Faktoren-Struktur in einer Exploratorischen Faktorenanalyse (EFA) sowie in einem Explorativen Strukturgleichungsmodell (ESEM) bestätigt, (b) die konvergente und diskriminante Validität gestützt, (c) die aus der Literatur bekannten Zusammenhänge der Big Five mit Außenkriterien wie Alter und Geschlecht und (d) die Kriteriumsvalidität an einer klinischen Stichprobe aufgezeigt werden. Mit dem BFI-K KJ liegt demnach ein ökonomisches sowie reliables und valides Verfahren zur Erfassung der Big Five-Persönlichkeitsfaktoren für Kinder und Jugendliche vor.
Attenuation of Storm Surges by Coastal Mangroves
Authors: Montgomery J. M. , Bryan K. R. , Mullarney J. C. , Horstman E. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe interaction between mangroves and storm surges is explored using an analytical solution. A simplified momentum equation, balancing vegetation drag and pressure gradient, is combined with the continuity equation resulting in a diffusion equation. Assuming a simplified environment, a one‐dimensional analytical solution is obtained to predict peak surge level across a forest. The solution accurately reproduces peak water level of a 10‐year return period flood event in mangroves in the Firth of Thames, New Zealand, and in Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, during Hurricane Charley. Vegetation properties that determine the capacity of mangroves to reduce surges are forest density and cross‐shore extent. Storm characteristics—flood duration and peak water level at the forest fringe—also influence surge attenuation. Mangroves are shown to be an effective form of coastal flood protection if forests are sufficiently wide/dense, relative to the surge decay length scale, to restrict water exchange during a storm.
Parameterizing Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Induced by Tropical Cyclones: 1. Theory and An Application to Typhoon Matsa (2005)
Authors: Liu Xin , Wei Jun , Zhang Da‐Lin , Miller William 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSea surface temperature cooling (SSTC) induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) could produce a significant impact on the TC intensity. Although a coupled atmosphere‐ocean model could provide such SSTC, various challenges associated with coupled modeling often lead many TC researchers to continue to use atmosphere‐only models. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to develop a fast, robust, and effective parameterization scheme for TC‐induced SSTC that can be used in atmosphere‐only TC models. The following three steps are taken to achieve this goal: (i) Results from an idealized ocean simulation, together with theoretical and temperature budget analyses, are analyzed to isolate each major mechanism causing TC‐induced SSTC, which is then used as a basis for the parameterization; (ii) building upon the idealized ocean simulation, a new SSTC parameterization scheme including vertical mixing, advection, and SST recovery processes under the influences of sea surface height anomalies and ocean subsurface temperature is developed; and (iii) this SSTC parameterization scheme is evaluated through numerical simulations of Typhoon Matsa (2005) and validated against remote sensing data. Results show significant improvements in the simulated TC intensity and SST changes after applying this parameterization scheme. Although further testing with more TC cases is needed, these results are promising, and the parameterization scheme should be compatible with any TC weather prediction model.
Cyanobacterial antimetabolite 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose blocks the shikimate pathway to inhibit the growth of prototrophic organisms
Authors: Brilisauer Klaus , Rapp Johanna , Rath Pascal , Schöllhorn Anna , Bleul Lisa , Weiß Elisabeth , Stahl Mark , Grond Stephanie , Forchhammer Karl 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntimetabolites are small molecules that inhibit enzymes by mimicking physiological substrates. We report the discovery and structural elucidation of the antimetabolite 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose (7dSh). This unusual sugar inhibits the growth of various prototrophic organisms, including species of cyanobacteria, Saccharomyces, and Arabidopsis. We isolate bioactive 7dSh from culture supernatants of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. A chemoenzymatic synthesis of 7dSh using S. elongatus transketolase as catalyst and 5-deoxy-d-ribose as substrate allows antimicrobial and herbicidal bioprofiling. Organisms treated with 7dSh accumulate 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate, which indicates that the molecular target is 3-dehydroquinate synthase, a key enzyme of the shikimate pathway, which is absent in humans and animals. The herbicidal activity of 7dSh is in the low micromolar range. No cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells have been observed. We propose that the in vivo inhibition of the shikimate pathway makes 7dSh a natural antimicrobial and herbicidal agent.
NK Cells Activated through Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity and Armed with Degranulation/IFN-γ Production Suppress Antibody-dependent Enhancement of Dengue Viral Infection
Authors: Sun Peifang , Williams Maya , Nagabhushana Nishith , Jani Vihasi , Defang Gabriel , Morrison Brian J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a hypothesized mechanism of increased disease severity during secondary dengue virus (DENV) infection. This study investigates Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in counteracting ADE. In our system, DENV and DENV-immune sera were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and ADE and NK cell activation were simultaneously monitored. ADE was detected in monocytes and a concurrent activation of NK cells was observed. Activated NK cells expressed IFN-γ and CD107a. IFN-γ was detected at 24 hours (24 h) followed by a rapid decline; CD107a expression peaked at 48 h and persisted for >7 days. Optimal activation of NK cells required the presence of enhancement serum together with ADE-affected monocytes and soluble factors, suggesting the coexistence of the counteractive ADCC Abs, in the same ADE-serum, capable of strongly promoting NK cell activation. The function of NK cells against ADE was demonstrated using a depletion assay. NK cell-depleted PBMCs had increased ADE as compared to whole PBMCs. Conversely, adding activated NK cells back into the NK-depleted-PBMCs or to purified monocytes decreased ADE. Blocking IFN-γ expression also increased ADE. The study suggests that under ADE conditions, NK cells can be activated by ADCC Abs and can control the magnitude of ADE.
A new application of Trichoderma asperellum as an anopheline larvicide for eco friendly management in medical science
Authors: Podder Dipanjan , Ghosh Swapan Kr. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrofungal applications are increasing daily in the medical science. Several species of Trichoderma are widely used in agricultural fields as biological control and plant growth promoting agents. The application of Trichoderma asperellum as an entomopathogenic fungus against the Anopheles mosquito, a vector of malaria, is a novel control approach. Controlling malaria with eco-friendly management practices is an urgent need. We isolated three T. asperellum from different natural sources using serial dilution and mosquito baiting techniques. The fungi were identified on the basis of phenotypical and molecular characteristics. The fungi were grown in different natural media to examine spore production ability and the fungal spore suspensions were applied to the anopheline larvae to determine their larvicidal activity in vitro. We investigated the efficacy of crude ME (methanolic extract) and different methanolic fractions (MFs) of the fungal extracts against anopheline larvae. Methanolic Fraction 8 (MF8) exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity. A GC-MS analysis of MF8 and a Chemolibrary search were performed to identify the active agents in the fungal extracts. Among the three isolates of T. asperellum, the TaspSKGN2 isolate showed the lowest LD50 (2.68 × 107 conidia/mL) and LT50 values (12.33 h). The crude ME exhibited LD50 values of 0.073 mg/mL and LT50 values of 11.33 h. MF8 showed LD50 values of 0.059 mg/mL and LT50 values of 8.57 h. In GC-MS study of MF8, 49 compounds were found. Among these, seven compounds (2,3-di hydro thiopene, p-cymene, alpha-pinene, hexadecanoic acid, 8-methyl quinoline, (Z,Z)-9,12-octa decadienoic acid, methyl ester, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-Pyran-4-one-) with high abundance were found to have insecticidal efficacy by a literature survey. We detected a reduction in the phenoloxidase content inside the cuticle and hemolymph of the anopheline larvae after a few hours of interaction with ME (0.073 mg/mL). Thus Trichoderma asperellum has new applications for the control of Anopheles spp. malaria vectors.
AMPK is associated with the beneficial effects of antidiabetic agents on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Lu Qingguo , Li Xuan , Liu Jia , Sun Xiaodong , Rousselle Thomas , Ren Di , Tong Nanwei , Li Ji 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Diabetics have higher morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). A variety of antidiabetic agents are available for clinical choice. Cardiovascular (CV) safety assessment of these agents is crucial in addition to hypoglycemic effect before clinical prescription. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cell energy sensor, which plays an important role in regulating myocardial energy metabolism, reducing ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, improving heart failure (HF) and ventricular remodeling, ameliorating vascular endothelial dysfunction, antichronic inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In this review, we summarized the effects of antidiabetic agents to CVD according to basic and clinical research evidence and put emphasis on whether these agents can play roles in CV system through AMPK-dependent signaling pathways. Metformin has displayed definite CV benefits related to AMPK. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors also demonstrate sufficient clinical evidence for CV protection, but the mechanisms need further exploration. Glucagon-likepeptide1 analogs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolidinediones also show some AMPK-dependent CV benefits. Sulfonylureas and meglitinides may be unfavorable to CV system. AMPK is becoming a promising target for the treatment of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and CVD. But there are still some questions to be answered.
Tropical cyclone intensity prediction based on recurrent neural networks
Authors: Pan Bin , Xu Xia , Shi Zhenwei 
Published: February 2019

The accurate prediction for the tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is a recognised challenge. Researchers usually develop dynamical models to address this task. However, since the TC intensity is highly influenced by various factors such as ocean and atmosphere conditions, it is difficult to build the very model which can explicitly describe the mechanism of TC. A new idea is developed, utilising the massive historical observation data by a deep learning approach, to conduct a completely data‐driven TC intensity prediction model. All the TC intensity and track data which have been observed in Western North Pacific since 1949 are collected, and recurrent neural network for TC intensity prediction is constructed. In general, their motivation as well as novelty is to develop a data‐driven approach instead of empirical models. There are very few researches similar to their exploratory work. The proposed method has presented 5.1 ms error in 24 h prediction, which is better than some widely used dynamical models and is close to subjective prediction.
Polysemy of the Estonian perception verb nägema ‘to see’
Authors: Proos Mariann 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the polysemy of the Estonian perception verb nägema ‘to see’. The aim of the paper is to analyse polysemy using two different methods; and to show how and why the results of the two methods differ. The methods used are a sorting task and a behavioural profile analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis is used to show which senses of nägema are more similar to each other based on each method, and why. The results show that the main differences stem from the fact that important elements of meaning for the language user are not necessarily objectively annotatable in the corpus. It is argued, however, that both experimental as well as corpus-based methods are valuable tools for polysemy research.
A Multidimensional Analysis of Pakistani and U.S. English blogs and columns
Authors: Shakir Muhammad , Deuber Dagmar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The present study is a Multidimensional Analysis (MDA) of English blogs and newspaper columns originating from
Pakistan and the U.S. using MDA dimensions reported in Grieve et al. (2010): (i)
Informational versus Personal Focus; (ii) Addressee Focus; (iii) Thematic Variation; and (iv) Narrative Style. The aim is to
examine regional and/or functional variation among Pakistani and U.S. English blogs and columns and its possible causes. The
results show that Pakistani and U.S. columns differ significantly from each other, while blogs have less significant differences.
Further investigation into sub-categories of blogs reveals significant differences among technology blogs, while news blogs and
individual blogs differ less significantly. An examination of possible causes shows that geographical origin, the situational
characteristics of the register, and the internet as a medium play a role in variation. It is further suggested that internet
registers might be evolving rapidly with the fast-changing landscape of products and services on the internet.
Secrecy, sacredness and unveiling of the Kalenjin cultural initiation rites
Authors: Mietzner Angelika 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSecret rituals and a secret language are the core aspect of the seclusion and circumcision, which used to be an important part of the lives of men and women alike. They are meant to be secret, although descriptions of rituals can be found in academic texts as well as in the internet. This article aims at shedding light on the complexity of secrecy and the unveiling of secrets in the Kalenjin society of Kenya and explains the procedure of the unveiling and the various reactions of members of the society.
Experiencing literature in the poetry classroom
Authors: Giovanelli Marcello 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This chapter reports on a small-scale study of studying fiction in the secondary classroom to explore how a sequence of lessons on Gillian Clarke’s poem “Cold Knap Lake” is experienced by a group of fifteen-year-old students in a UK school. In the context of the performativity agenda that persists in schools, some researchers have argued that the classroom experience of reading poetry in particular has been subjected to a more transmissive method of delivery where students can be fearful of developing individual responses. In addition, the role of the teacher as a more powerful participant in the classroom means that decisions regarding what is read, how activities are framed and how responses are articulated are usually taken by the teacher. This chapter draws on Text World Theory (Werth 1999; Gavins 2007) and interthinking (Littleton and Mercer 2013) to account for the ways in which the students in this study respond to Clarke’s poem. The chapter shows that the teacher and the material aspects of the classroom appear to foreground certain ways of interpreting the poem and discussing it, but that students also engage in using a variety of different resources to help structure their learning and arrive at a satisfactory interpretation.
Pragmatic effects of clitic doubling
Authors: Sikuku Justine M. , Diercks Michael , Marlo Michael R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObject markers (OMs) in Bantu languages have long been argued to be either incorporated pronouns or agreement morphemes, distinguished mainly by their ability (or not) to co-occur with (i.e. double)in situobjects. Lubukusu appears to be an instance of OMs-as-incorporated pronouns, as OMs in neutral discourse contexts cannot doublein situobjects in a broad range of syntactic contexts. As we show, however, certain pragmatic contexts in fact do license OM-doubling; we demonstrate that OM-doubling in Lubukusu is licit only on a verum (focus) interpretation. We analyze OM-doubling within a Minimalist framework as the result of an Agree relation between the object and a verum-triggering Emphasis head (Emph°). The non-doubling OM results from an incorporation operation. We therefore claim that Lubukusu displays two distinct syntactic derivations of OMs (generating doubling and non-doubling) with the interpretive effects of OM-doubling arising from the semantic/pragmatic properties of Emph°.
Symbolic Survival and Harm: Serious Fraud and Consumer Capitalism’s Perversion of the Causa Sui Project
Authors: Tudor Kate 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBased on empirical research carried out with those convicted of serious fraud, the current article explores the motivations behind engagement in acquisitive criminality. Drawing on the work of Ernest Becker, the article seeks to transcend superficial explanations of fraud which draw on notions of greed and individual pathology, locating causation instead at the level of consumer capitalism’s perversion of the contemporary causa sui project through its stimulation of deep human existential anxieties. It will be suggested that the acts of economic predation perpetrated by the men in the study represent attempts to escape anxiety through the avoidance of symbolic annihilation and that they are illustrative of the way in which the contemporary capitalism generates harm.