bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating sensitivity of seabed habitats to disturbance by bottom trawling based on the longevity of benthic fauna
Authors: Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Bolam Stefan G. , Garcia Clement , Hiddink Jan Geert , Hintzen Niels T. , van Denderen P. Daniel , van Kooten Tobias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBottom fishing such as trawling and dredging may pose serious risks to the seabed and benthic habitats, calling for a quantitative assessment method to evaluate the impact and guide management to develop mitigation measures. We provide a method to estimate the sensitivity of benthic habitats based on the longevity composition of the invertebrate community. We hypothesize that long‐lived species are more sensitive to trawling mortality due to their lower pace of life (i.e., slower growth, late maturation). We analyze data from box‐core and grab samples taken from 401 stations in the English Channel and southern North Sea to estimate the habitat‐specific longevity composition of the benthic invertebrate community and of specific functional groups (i.e., suspension feeders and bioturbators), and examine how bottom trawling affects the longevity biomass composition. The longevity biomass composition differed between habitats governed by differences in sediment composition (gravel and mud content) and tidal bed‐shear stress. The biomass proportion of long‐lived species increased with gravel content and decreased with mud content and shear stress. Bioturbators had a higher median longevity than suspension feeders. Trawling, in particular by gears that penetrate the seabed >2 cm, shifted the community toward shorter‐lived species. Changes from bottom trawling were highest in habitats with many long‐lived species (hence increasing with gravel content, decreasing with mud content). Benthic communities in high shear stress habitats were less affected by bottom trawling. Using these relationships, we predicted the sensitivity of the benthic community from bottom trawling impact at large spatial scale (the North Sea). We derived different benthic sensitivity metrics that provide a basis to estimate indicators of trawling impact on a continuous scale for the total community and specific functional groups. In combination with high resolution data of trawling pressure, our approach can be used to monitor and assess trawling impact and seabed status at the scale of the region or broadscale habitat and to compare the environmental impact of bottom‐contacting fishing gears across fisheries.
Long‐term nutrient addition increases respiration and nitrous oxide emissions in a New England salt marsh
Authors: Martin Rose M. , Wigand Cathleen , Elmstrom Elizabeth , Lloret Javier , Valiela Ivan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSalt marshes may act either as greenhouse gas (GHG) sources or sinks depending on hydrological conditions, vegetation communities, and nutrient availability. In recent decades, eutrophication has emerged as a major driver of change in salt marsh ecosystems. An ongoing fertilization experiment at the Great Sippewissett Marsh (Cape Cod, USA) allows for observation of the results of over four decades of nutrient addition. Here, nutrient enrichment stimulated changes to vegetation communities that, over time, have resulted in increased elevation of the marsh platform. In this study, we measured fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in dominant vegetation zones along elevation gradients of chronically fertilized (1,572 kg N ha−1 year−1) and unfertilized (12 kg N ha−1 year−1) experimental plots at Great Sippewissett Marsh. Flux measurements were performed using darkened chambers to focus on community respiration and excluded photosynthetic CO2 uptake. We hypothesized that N‐replete conditions in fertilized plots would result in larger N2O emissions relative to control plots and that higher elevations caused by nutrient enrichment would support increased CO2 and N2O and decreased CH4 emissions due to the potential for more oxygen diffusion into sediment. Patterns of GHG emission supported our hypotheses. Fertilized plots were substantially larger sources of N2O and had higher community respiration rates relative to control plots, due to large emissions of these GHGs at higher elevations. While CH4 emissions displayed a negative relationship with elevation, they were generally small across elevation gradients and nutrient enrichment treatments. Our results demonstrate that at decadal scales, vegetation community shifts and associated elevation changes driven by chronic eutrophication affect GHG emission from salt marshes. Results demonstrate the necessity of long‐term fertilization experiments to understand impacts of eutrophication on ecosystem function and have implications for how chronic eutrophication may impact the role that salt marshes play in sequestering C and N.
Monitoring individual tree‐based change with airborne lidar
Authors: Duncanson Laura , Dubayah Ralph 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the carbon flux of forests is critical for constraining the global carbon cycle and managing forests to mitigate climate change. Monitoring forest growth and mortality rates is critical to this effort, but has been limited in the past, with estimates relying primarily on field surveys. Advances in remote sensing enable the potential to monitor tree growth and mortality across landscapes. This work presents an approach to measure tree growth and loss using multidate lidar campaigns in a high‐biomass forest in California,USA. Individual tree crowns were delineated in 2008 and again in 2013 using a 3D crown segmentation algorithm, with derived heights and crown radii extracted and used to estimate individual tree aboveground biomass. Tree growth, loss, and aboveground biomass were analyzed with respect to tree height and crown radius. Both tree growth and loss rates decrease with increasing tree height, following the expectation that trees slow in growth rate as they age. Additionally, our aboveground biomass analysis suggests that, while the system is a net source of aboveground carbon, these carbon dynamics are governed by size class with the largest sources coming from the loss of a relatively small number of large individuals. This study demonstrates that monitoring individual tree‐based growth and loss can be conducted with multidate airborne lidar, but these methods remain relatively immature. Disparities between lidar acquisitions were particularly difficult to overcome and decreased the sample of trees analyzed for growth rate in this study to 21% of the full number of delineated crowns. However, this study illuminates the potential of airborne remote sensing for ecologically meaningful forest monitoring at an individual tree level. As methods continue to improve, airborne multidate lidar will enable a richer understanding of the drivers of tree growth, loss, and aboveground carbon flux.
Weather conditions determine attenuation and speed of sound: Environmental limitations for monitoring and analyzing bat echolocation
Authors: Goerlitz Holger R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEcholocating bats are regularly studied to investigate auditory‐guided behaviors and as important bioindicators. Bioacoustic monitoring methods based on echolocation calls are increasingly used for risk assessment and to ultimately inform conservation strategies for bats. As echolocation calls transmit through the air at the speed of sound, they undergo changes due to atmospheric and geometric attenuation. Both the speed of sound and atmospheric attenuation, however, are variable and determined by weather conditions, particularly temperature and relative humidity. Changing weather conditions thus cause variation in analyzed call parameters, limiting our ability to detect, and correctly analyze bat calls. Here, I use real‐world weather data to exemplify the effect of varying weather conditions on the acoustic properties of air. I then present atmospheric attenuation and speed of sound for the global range of weather conditions and bat call frequencies to show their relative effects. Atmospheric attenuation is a nonlinear function of call frequency, temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. While atmospheric attenuation is strongly positively correlated with call frequency, it is also significantly influenced by temperature and relative humidity in a complex nonlinear fashion. Variable weather conditions thus result in variable and unknown effects on the recorded call, affecting estimates of call frequency and intensity, particularly for high frequencies. Weather‐induced variation in speed of sound reaches up to about ±3%, but is generally much smaller and only relevant for acoustic localization methods of bats. The frequency‐ and weather‐dependent variation in atmospheric attenuation has a threefold effect on bioacoustic monitoring of bats: It limits our capability (1) to monitor bats equally across time, space, and species, (2) to correctly measure frequency parameters of bat echolocation calls, particularly for high frequencies, and (3) to correctly identify bat species in species‐rich assemblies or for sympatric species with similar call designs.
Comparative gel‐based proteomic analysis of chemically crosslinked complexes in dystrophic skeletal muscle
Authors: Murphy Sandra , Zweyer Margit , Mundegar Rustam R. , Swandulla Dieter , Ohlendieck Kay 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a highly progressive muscle wasting disease with a complex pathophysiology that is based on primary abnormalities in the dystrophin gene. In order to study potential changes in the oligomerization of high‐molecular‐mass protein complexes in dystrophic skeletal muscle, chemical crosslinking was combined with mass spectrometric analysis. The biochemical stabilization of protein interactions was carried out with the homo‐bifunctional and amine‐reactive agent bis[sulfosuccinimidyl]suberate, followed by protein shift analysis in one‐dimensional gels. The proteomic approach identified 11 and 15 protein species in wild type versus dystrophic microsomal fractions, respectively, as well as eight common proteins, with an electrophoretic mobility shift to very high molecular mass following chemical crosslinking. In dystrophin‐deficient preparations, several protein species with an increased tendency of oligomerisation were identified as components of the sarcolemma and its associated intra‐ and extracellular structures, as well as mitochondria. This included the sarcolemmal proteins myoferlin and caveolin, the cytoskeletal components vimentin and tubulin, extracellular collagen alpha‐1(XII) and the mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. These changes are probably related to structural and metabolic adaptations, especially cellular repair processes, which agrees with the increased oligomerisation of myosin‐3, myosin‐9 and actin, and their role in cellular regeneration and structural adjustments in dystrophinopathy.
Response of tall buildings to base rocking induced by Rayleigh waves
Authors: Meza Fajardo Kristel C. , Papageorgiou Apostolos S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBy now, it is well known that long‐period surface waves can induce resonant response in high‐rise buildings, in particular those located in sedimentary basins. Rayleigh wave passage has been reported to induce rocking motion at the base of the buildings which can increase displacement demands significantly. However, the building behavior to base rocking has not been extensively studied because commercially available instruments do not record rotational components of ground motion, and thus, rocking time histories have not been available to the analysts. In a recent study, we proposed an effective method for estimating the rocking associated with Rayleigh waves, which takes into account their frequency‐dependent phase velocities. In the present work, we select a number of recorded seismic motions which include surface waves on sedimentary basins from recent well‐recorded earthquake events. Then, we proceed to identify and extract the recorded surface waves by using the technique mentioned above. Using realistic soil‐structure analytical models that have been proposed in the published literature for high‐rise buildings, we study their response to Rayleigh waves as they respond to both translational and rocking motions. Of particular interest is to compare the response of such structures with and without the presence of rotational motions due to surface waves. Using the roof displacement and the building interstory drift as response quantities, our results indicate that demands are controlled by rotational (rocking) motions associated with Rayleigh waves.
The life cycle of crevasse splays as a key mechanism in the aggradation of alluvial ridges and river avulsion
Authors: van Toorenenburg Koen A. , Donselaar Marinus E. , Weltje Gert Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccommodation space in the unconfined distal part of low‐gradient fluvial fans facilitates abundant floodplain deposition. Here, the development of crevasse splays plays a key role in the aggradation of alluvial ridges and subsequent river avulsion. This study presents an analysis of different stages in the evolution of crevasse splays based on observations made in the modern‐day Río Colorado dryland fluvial fan fringing the endorheic Altiplano Basin in Bolivia. A generic life cycle is proposed in which crevasse‐splay channels adjust towards a graded equilibrium profile with their lower‐lying distal termini acting as a local base level. Initial development is dominantly controlled by the outflow of floodwater, promoting erosion near the crevasse apex and deposition towards the splay fringes. When proximal incision advances to below the maximum level of floodplain inundation, return flow occurs during the waning stage of flooding. This floodwater reflux leads to a temporary repositioning of the local base level to the deeper trunk‐channel thalweg at the apex of the crevasse‐splay channels. The resultant decrease in the floodplainward gradient of these channels ultimately leads to backfilling and abandonment of the crevasse splay, leaving a subtle local elevation of the floodplain. Consecutive splays form an alluvial ridge through lateral amalgamation and subsequent vertical stacking, which is mirrored by the aggradation of their parent channel floor. As this alluvial ridge becomes increasingly perched above the surrounding floodplain, splay equilibration may cause incision of the levee crevasse down to or below its trunk channel thalweg, leading to an avulsion. The mechanisms proposed in this study are relevant to fluvial settings promoting progradational avulsions. The relatively rapid accumulation rate and high preservation potential of crevasse splays in this setting makes them an important constituent of the resultant fluvial stratigraphy, amongst which are hydrocarbon‐bearing successions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of carboxyl graphene nanofluid on automobile radiator performance
Authors: Sumanth S , Babu Rao P , Krishna V , Seetharam TR , Seetharamu KN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanofluid is a promising solution for the improvement of the radiator performance. In the current research work, the effect of the nanofluid carboxyl graphene on the performance of a radiator is studied. Carboxyl graphene nanoplatelets are added to 50:50 ethylene glycol–distilled water at three concentrations of 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 vol%. The liquid flow rate is varied from 3 liters per minute (LPM) to 6 LPM, and the inlet liquid to the radiator has been maintained at constant temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C. The inlet air Reynolds number is varied between 1200 and 2500. The effects of these on performance parameters such as Nusselt number, effectiveness, and friction factor are investigated. It is observed that addition of carboxyl graphene nanoplatelets increases the Nusselt number and effectiveness of radiator while friction factor is unaltered. The effectiveness of radiator increases by 27.38% and 23.41% for inlet temperatures of 40 °C and 50 °C respectively at 0.02 vol% and 5 LPM flow rate.
Molecular progression to cervical precancer, epigenetic switch or sequential model?
Authors: Nedjai Belinda , Reuter Caroline , Ahmad Amar , Banwait Rawinder , Warman Rhian , Carton James , Boer Sabrina , Cuzick Jack , Lorincz Attila T. 
Published: April 2018

The evolution of precancerous cervical lesions is poorly understood. A widely held model of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) development is sequential progression from normal through CIN1 and CIN2 to CIN3. Another hypothesis, the “molecular switch” model, postulates that CIN3 can evolve directly from human papillomavirus (HPV)‐infected normal epithelium without progressing through CIN1 and CIN2. To shed light on this process, we compared DNA methylation of selected human biomarkers and HPV types in two groups of CIN1: CIN1 that were near or adjacent to CIN3 (adjacent‐CIN1) and CIN1 that were the principal lesions with no CIN3 detected (principal‐CIN1). 354 CIN (CIN1 and CIN3) and normal tissue areas were dissected and typed for HPV from 127 women who underwent loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEP). Methylation of genes EPB41L3 and the viral regions of HPV16‐L1/L2, HPV18‐L2, HPV31‐L1, and HPV33‐L2 were determined by a highly accurate quantitative pyrosequencing of bisulfite converted DNA. There was a significant trend of increased methylation with disease grade comparing normal to CIN1 and CIN3 (p < 0.0001). Adjacent‐CIN1 predominantly shared the same HPV types as the CIN3, however, methylation differed substantially between adjacent‐CIN1 and CIN3 (p = 0.008). In contrast diagnostically principal‐CIN1 had an indistinguishable methylation distribution compared to adjacent‐CIN1 (EPB41L3: p = 0.49; HPVme‐All: p = 0.11). Our results suggest that progression from normal epithelium to CIN1 or CIN3 is usually promoted by the same HPV type but occurs via distinct DNA epigenotypes, thus favoring the “molecular switch” model.
Generating anchors only to lose them: The unusual story of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis and remodeling in yeast and fungi
Authors: Komath Sneha Sudha , Singh Sneh Lata , Pratyusha Vavilala A. , Sah Sudisht Kumar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGlycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) are present ubiquitously at the cell surface in all eukaryotes. They play a crucial role in the interaction of the cell with its external environment, allowing the cell to receive signals, respond to challenges, and mediate adhesion. In yeast and fungi, they also participate in the structural integrity of the cell wall and are often essential for survival. Roughly four decades after the discovery of the first GPI‐APs, this review provides an overview of the insights gained from studies of the GPI biosynthetic pathway and the future challenges in the field. In particular, we focus on the biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has for long been studied as a model organism. Where available, we also provide information about the GPI biosynthetic steps in other yeast/ fungi. Although the core structure of the GPI anchor is conserved across organisms, several variations are built into the biosynthetic pathway. The present Review specifically highlights these variations and their implications. There is growing evidence to suggest that several phenotypes are common to GPI deficiency and should be expected in GPI biosynthetic mutants. However, it appears that several phenotypes are unique to a specific step in the pathway and may even be species‐specific. These could suggest the points at which the GPI biosynthetic pathway intersects with other important cellular pathways and could be points of regulation. They could be of particular significance in the study of pathogenic fungi and in identification of new and specific antifungal drugs/ drug targets. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):355–383, 2018
Normalized difference set tiling conjecture
Authors: Tabak Kristijan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA difference set tiling in a group G is a collection of its difference sets that partition . It can exist in an abelian as well as in a nonabelian group. A tiling is normalized if a product of elements in each difference set equals 1. All known cases in abelian groups are normalized. Ćustić, Krčadinac, and Zhou made a conjecture that this is necessary. We will call it a normalized tiling conjecture (NTC). Using character theory, we prove that NTC is true for where v is odd. Also, if difference set has a multiplier, we prove that NTC is also true.
Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008344 regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis
Authors: Zhou Jinxu , Wang Hongxiang , Chu Junsheng , Huang Qilin , Li Guangxu , Yan Yong , Xu Tao , Chen Juxiang , Wang Yuhai 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundRecent studies have found circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in the biological process of cancers. However, little is known about their functional roles in glioblastoma.MethodsHuman circRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen the expression profile of circRNAs in IDH1 wild‐type glioblastoma tissue. The expression of hsa_circ_0008344 in glioblastoma and normal brain samples was quantified by qRT‐PCR. Functional experiments were performed to investigate the biological functions of hsa_circ_0008344, including MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and cell apoptosis assay.ResultsCircRNA microarray revealed a total of 417 abnormally expressed circRNAs (>1.5‐fold, P < .05) in glioblastoma tissue compared with the adjacent normal brain. Hsa_circ_0008344, among the top differentially expressed circRNAs, was significantly upregulated in IDH1 wild‐type glioblastoma. Further in vitro studies showed that knockdown of hsa_circ_0008344 suppressed glioblastoma cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, but increased cell apoptotic rate.ConclusionsHsa_circ_0008344 is upregulated in glioblastoma and may contribute to the progression of this malignancy.
On bipartite‐mixed graphs
Authors: Dalfó Cristina , Fiol Miquel Àngel , López Nacho 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMixed graphs can be seen as digraphs that have both arcs and edges (or digons, that is, two opposite arcs). In this article, we consider the case where such graphs are bipartite. As main results, we show that in this context the Moore‐like bound is attained in the case of diameter , and that bipartite‐mixed graphs of diameter do not exist.
Left atrial low‐voltage zone ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation in a patient with myotonic dystrophy: A case report
Authors: Otsubo Toyokazu , Tsuchiya Takeshi , Yamaguchi Takanori , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe here report a case of a 32‐year‐old man with genetically diagnosed myotonic dystrophy and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent a low‐voltage zone (LVZ) ablation. His cardiac function was normal except for a prophylactic pacemaker implantation for a high risk of complete atrioventricular block. An LVZ was found in the anteroseptal left atrium during sinus rhythm and was ablated during induced AF after a pulmonary vein antrum isolation, which terminated the AF and rendered it noninducible by rapid pacing and/or isoproterenol. During 20 months of follow‐up, no atrial tachyarrhythmias were observed with pacemaker monitoring of antiarrhythmic drugs.