bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of health education on insulin injection technique in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A quasi-experimental Pre-test post-test research
Authors: Mehta Preethi , Kiruthika Sivagourounadin , Laksham Karthik Balajee 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients often exhibit gaps in knowledge and improper practices regarding insulin injection techniques. This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effectiveness of tailored health education in bridging these gaps and improving insulin injection practices among T2DM patients.

Objectives:
The study aimed to evaluate baseline knowledge and practices related to insulin injection techniques among T2DM patients, implement a tailored health education intervention, and assess the impact of this intervention on knowledge and practices.

Methodology:
Participants included T2DM patients attending rural health centers. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess baseline knowledge and practices. Tailored health education sessions were then conducted, incorporating video-based teaching, mock demonstrations, and handouts in the local language. Post-intervention assessments were performed using the same questionnaire. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
At baseline, a significant knowledge gap and improper insulin injection practices were identified among participants. Following the tailored health education intervention, a substantial improvement in participants’ knowledge of insulin storage, handling, and administration was observed. The intervention also positively impacted insulin injection practices, emphasizing key areas such as handwashing, site cleansing, and needle disposal.

Conclusion:
This quasi-experimental study highlights the effectiveness of tailored health education in enhancing insulin injection practices among T2DM patients. The findings emphasize the potential for structured health education programs to address knowledge gaps, improve healthcare standards, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals with T2DM. The study underscores the importance of individualized educational approaches to meet patient needs better.
Evaluating the metformin use on type 2 diabetes prevention in high-risk populations in primary care
Authors: Álvarez-Villalobos Neri A. , Ramírez-Torres Andony I. , Ruiz-Hernández Fernando G. , Omaña Gabriela G. Elizondo , García-Hernández Rosa M. , Peña Pablo J. Moreno , Rojo-Garza Sandra S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose/Background:
To identify the proportion of patients with prediabetes who have prescribed metformin and factors related to doing so as a preventive measure for diabetes in primary care at a Family Medicine Unit in northeastern Mexico.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study included 372 adults who met the criteria for prediabetes diagnosis according to the American Diabetes Association. Data was collected from medical records from January 2020 to December 2021. Possible associations between the variables of interest and the prescription of metformin were tested via hypothesis tests, furthermore, binary logistic regression was performed.

Results:
Nearly 85% of the patients met at least one criterion for receiving metformin according to ADA recommendations, but only 60% of them were prescribed this medication. Patients with metformin prescriptions differed from those without in aspects such as having a documented diagnosis of prediabetes in their medical records, a higher BMI, and higher glucose levels.

Conclusions:
Almost one out of two patients with a high risk of type 2 diabetes are not treated with metformin as a preventive measure. Factors associated with metformin prescription included a high BMI, elevated baseline glucose levels, and a prediabetes diagnosis in the medical record. These findings suggest the need for studies to evaluate physicians’ reasons for different treatments and implementation of recommendations for type 2 diabetes prevention in patients with prediabetes in primary health care.
The effects of the paramedics’ field work on their mental status in Jeddah
Authors: Alsulami Maher , Al Nufaiei Ziyad F. , Alruwaili Hanan Saleh , Almukhlifi Yasir , Allaf Abdulaziz Abdullah , Alruwaili Abdullah , Algrene Uzaud Ayidh , Alruwaili Huda S. , Alqahtani Osama Saad , Alhassan Abdulaziz Ibrahim , Alanazy Ahmed Ramdan M. , Alsulami Adnan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Paramedics are continuously exposed to stressful events, making them liable to mental disorders. This study assesses the health of paramedics in Jeddah, focusing on their mental, emotional, and physical well-being.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included fieldwork paramedics in Jeddah through an online survey distributed on social media. With a response rate of 86.09%, 192 complete responses were analyzed. Outcomes included mental health, mood and somatic effect, self-esteem, and sleep.

Results:
Most participants were males (83.85%), married (50%), non-heavy smokers (51.04%), and non-alcohol drinkers (51.04%). A significant number reported health-related work or daily life difficulties, with 62.5%–67.18% attributing these to physical and emotional issues, respectively. Over half rated their mental health as poor or somewhat poor, impacting their relationships significantly. Additionally, 70.31% frequently felt anger, and many faced limitations in physical activities. About 14.58% had a prior mental illness diagnosis, with nearly a quarter on medication, and 61.98% had recently sought psychiatric help. Sleep deprivation affected 61.98%, with 38.53% reporting poor sleep quality.

Conclusions:
The findings highlight the negative impact on paramedics’ mental health, showing a substantial diagnosis rate of mental disorders, activity limitations, negative mood, and relationship issues. Despite significant sleep problems, a positive aspect is their proactive psychiatric help-seeking behavior.
Assessment of egg quality, food safety, and hygiene practices among commercial and non-commercial farms of Barwala district of Panchkula, Haryana
Authors: Srivastava Rachana , Halder Pritam , Khanna Poonam , Kushwaha Savitesh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of the present study was to assess the egg quality, food safety, and hygiene practices in egg production among commercial and non-commercial farms.

Methods:
A total of six, each commercial and non-commercial farm, were randomly selected form Barwala district, Panchkula, Haryana, for this study in 2019. A detailed interview on hygiene practices of farm workers was conducted. Egg samples were procured for external (N = 60) and internal (N = 24) egg quality determination. The swap samples (N = 24) were also analysed for bacterial contamination. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting the results, and Chi-square test was conducted for determining significant differences between commercial and non-commercial farms.

Results:
The egg yolk percentage (34.49%) and egg shell percentage (12.76) were higher among non-commercial farms. However, no significant external (P = 0.890) or internal (P = 0.367) egg quality difference was found between commercial and non-commercial farms. The biosecurity and disinfection management, daily waste disposal practice, fly and rodent control practice, farm activity record, and flock health monitoring were relatively better among commercial farms. There were no significant differences found in any of these assessments. The colony forming units (cfu) for salmonella and coliform were acceptable in three and four procured samples from commercial farms, respectively, whereas none were within acceptable levels among non-commercial farms.

Conclusion:
The internal egg quality, food safety, and hygiene practices were relatively better among commercial farms as compared to non-commercial farms. This requires further validation through a large sample-sized study.
Which antidiabetic drugs do patients of T2DM prefer in India and why? A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Vaidya Shrutangi , Atal Shubham , Joshi Rajnish 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Uncontrolled diabetes persists despite guideline-based treatment, partly attributed to inadequate patient involvement. This research addresses shared decision-making by eliciting patient preferences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treatment based on certain key attributes and explores their correlation with socio-demographic-clinical profiles.

Methods:
A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted among T2DM outpatients in an Indian tertiary care center. A choice card was developed using the contextual choice framework, having six second-line antidiabetic drugs (ADs) from different classes incorporating seven attributes. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients, and elicited preferences were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, and multinomial logistic regression.

Results:
Out of the 87 evaluated participant choices, the most preferred drug was Glimepiride (51.7%), followed by Dapagliflozin (22.9%) and Teneligliptin (17.2%). Overall, the most important attributes were the effect on weight (29%), followed by route of administration (24%), and additional benefits offered by the drug (18%). Significant associations were found between participants’ drug preferences and their age (P = 0.002), socioeconomic status (P = 0.04), occupation (P = 0.004), and monthly income (P = 0.03). Age was not a significant predictor of drug choice for any of the drugs. Multinomial logistic regression showed that the overall model was statistically significant (P = 0.025), and it correctly predicted drug choice for 58.6% of the participants.

Conclusion:
Glimepiride was the most preferred option overall while the effect on weight was the most important attribute for patients in determining their preference. The study highlighted the importance of shared decisions and can guide practitioners in considering patient preferences when prescribing antidiabetic drugs.
Bell’s palsy characteristics, clinical manifestations, complications, and prognosis in a primary care setting, a single center study: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Alamodi Mohammed , Joueidi Faisal , Sayed Ahmed Gamal , Alsarari Abdulrahman , Alaswad Hani , Alhamdan Wejdan , Alendijani Yaser , Almufrij Sarah , Alkhenizan Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bell’s palsy (BP) is a cranial nerve disorder in which unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the facial nerve occurs. The study aims to study BP’s characteristics, including its clinical manifestations, prognosis, and complications among adult patients aged 18 years and above.

Methods:
A retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with BP in a primary care setting] [January 2015 to December 2022].

Results:
The study included a total number of 92 patients with an incidence rate of 23 cases per 100,000 people. The mean age was 43.52 years. The most common symptoms reported were dropping of the mouth at 38.9%, loss of forehead muscle movement at 24.4%, loss of nasolabial fold at 22.2%, loss of facial expressions at 20%, and headache at 18.9%. Immunodeficiency affected 2.3% of the patients. The management of patients involved the use of steroids in 76.1% and the use of antiretroviral medications in 48.9%. Physiotherapy was used in 29.5%. The complete recovery rate during the first year was 90.8%. The rate of complete recovery within two years was 96.9%.

Conclusion:
The incidence of BP in the region seems to be similar to the incidence rate reported elsewhere in the world. The use of antiviral therapy seems to be high despite the controversy around the use of antivirals in the management of BP. The majority of patients with BP recover within the first year.
Biochemical profile of term neonates with perinatal asphyxia and their correlation with severity of asphyxia
Authors: Bhoye Sachin V. , Bhongale Neha D. , Thorat Rohit M. , Wade Poonam A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Birth asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal mortality and neurological morbidity. This study was aimed to determine biochemical (sodium, potassium, and calcium) abnormalities and their correlation across different severities of perinatal asphyxia in term neonates.

Methods:
This observational analytical study was conducted in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre for a period of 18 months. Blood collection was done at baseline, 24 hours, and 48 hours of treatment to evaluate electrolyte abnormalities. The abnormality in serum electrolytes was correlated across different stages of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) as per severity and at different time intervals.

Results:
A total of 74 neonates were included in the study and classified into HIE stage 1 (n = 37), stage 2 (n = 18), and stage 3 (n = 19). At baseline, hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, and hypocalaemia were observed in 36.5% (n = 27), 20.3% (n = 15), and 10.8% (n = 8), respectively. The difference between mean serum sodium (p: 0.007), potassium (P: 0.004), and calcium levels (p: 0.001) at baseline in stage 1 and stage 3 was statistically significant. The degree of hyponatremia and hyperkalaemia was more and statistically significant as per increasing severity of HIE. All the deaths (n = 6.8.1%) belonged to stage 3 of HIE.

Conclusion:
The degree of hyponatremia, hypocalaemia, and hyperkalaemia in the asphyxiated newborns correlated with the severity of birth asphyxia. The mortality rate was greater in asphyxiated neonates with severe HIE and electrolyte abnormality. Effective perinatal care and meticulous management of dyselectrolytemia are crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.
Aerobic bacteria study, clinical spectrum, and outcome of patients with community-acquired multidrug-resistant pathogens
Authors: Talari Sree Chandra Sekhar , Calerappa Ravi Shankar , Anke Geethanjali 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death in developing countries like India. Hence, even small relative increases in the mortality rate for infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens would lead to substantial increases in the number of deaths as a result of infections worldwide.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to study the microbiological data of community-acquired pathogens and the corresponding outcomes due to antibiotic-resistant versus antibiotic-susceptible bacterial microorganisms.

Settings and Design:
A single-center prospective cohort study for two years undertaken during the study period of March 2022 to 31 October 2023.

Materials and Methods:
All clinical samples of 402 patients diagnosed microbiologically as community-acquired infections were included. Culture samples were collected and processed according to standard operating procedures and clinical details were recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. Fisher’s exact test was used for testing differences in proportions. Two-sided distribution P values of <0.05 were considered significant.

Results:
Among Gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were predominant isolates. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the majority of the pathogens among Gram-negative isolates. Mortality rates observed in community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CA-RTIs), community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs), community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections (CA-SSTIs), and community-acquired bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) were 13.6%, 6.56%, 4.5%, and 31.5%, respectively. The length of hospital stay of more than three days was found as 56.06%, 36.2%, 40.9%, and 73.6% in CA-RTIs, CA-UTIs, CA-SSTIs, and CA-BSIs, respectively.

Conclusions:
Performing cultures earlier during hospitalization and determining the timing of colonization can allow more targeted choices and reduce morbidity and mortality rates among infected patients.
Reliability of the documented blood group in motor vehicle driving license in Kerala, India - A public health concern?
Authors: Gafoor Jasmin Abdul , Rajendran Vinu , Aziz Ramiz Raja Abdul , Jose Prinu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Blood groups documented in motor vehicle driving licenses can provide quick information during emergency transfusion requirements and imbibe self-awareness about one’s blood group. The tendency of applicants to mention blood groups without verification during the application may result in incorrect documentation of blood groups in their driving license. The study aims to assess the reliability of the blood groups in driving licenses and their association with sociodemographic variables.

Methods:
This was a single-center cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months. Donors who were accepted for donation and willing to participate were included. Donors without a valid driving license were excluded. The blood group details and sociodemographic variables were collected and analyzed. Cross tabulation and Chi-square test were done for bivariate analysis.

Results:
In our study, 33 out of 446 (7.39%) participants had incorrect documentation in their driving licenses. Out of 33, 30 were ABO and three were Rh discordant results. Blood group was not mentioned in the case of 37 donors (8.3%). Incorrect documentation was significantly higher for individuals of younger age and those who acquired a license before 2018.

Conclusion:
Eight out of 100 individuals had incorrect documentation in their driving license, which is a concern, especially in the situation of emergency transfusion requirements. Approximately 19% of participants revealed that they did not undergo blood grouping during the application process. License issuing authorities should ensure proper blood group verification during the application process.
Barriers to implementing nursing evidence-based practice at the Palestinian Medical Complex: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Khaled Hamdallah H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The use of nursing evidence-based practice (EBP) has grown more and more important for healthcare professionals globally in their goal of delivering high-quality patient care.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to assess barriers to implementing EBP among Palestinian nurses at the Palestinian Medical Complex (PMC).

Methods:
The study was carried out at the PMC over the course of a month and employed a cross-sectional descriptive approach. Data were gathered from 100 nurses who satisfied the inclusion criteria by using convenient sampling. Barriers to the application of EBP were measured by the BARRIER Scale.

Results:
Participants identified key barriers such as inadequate time (62%, M ± SD: 3.34 ± 1.066) and lack of assistance (30%, M ± SD: 3.15 ± 1.029). Concerns included literature dispersion (45%, M ± SD: 3.23 ± 0.973), inadequate facilities (53%, M ± SD: 3.70 ± 1.010), and methodological issues (52%, M ± SD: 3.16 ± 1.012). In addition, 57% felt that research is published too slowly (M ± SD: 3.39 ± 0.898), 33% noted unjustified conclusions (M ± SD: 3.01 ± 0.882), and 35% highlighted a lack of replication (M ± SD: 3.07 ± 0.879).

Conclusion:
This study found that head nurses and men perceived more significant barriers to research quality, while individuals with baccalaureate degrees reported fewer barriers. There was an association between perceived barriers and age and work experience, indicating age as a positive predictor of barriers related to research quality.
‘Quality assessment of infection control measures in delivery points in a tribal district of Maharashtra’ - An observational study
Authors: Bharadwaj Gauri , Sankhe Lalit , Bharadwaj Shubhendra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain alarmingly high in low-resource settings, with infections acquired during childbirth contributing significantly to this burden. Effective infection control measures at delivery points are crucial for mitigating these risks. This observational study aimed to assess the quality of infection control practices in delivery points in a tribal district of Maharashtra, India.

Methods:
A community-based study was conducted at delivery points across eight talukas in Palghar district. A total of 15 delivery points were selected using convenient sampling, representing three levels of facilities (L1, L2 and L3) which are healthcare facilities divided on the basis of the provision of services by Maternal and Newborn Health Toolkit. Data was collected using the validated LaQshya programme’s checklist through direct observation from June 1st to June 18th, 2021. Compliance with infection control protocols was scored based on predefined criteria.

Results:
The majority of L1 delivery points showed non-compliance in criteria such as surface microbiological surveillance and monitoring of infection control practices, 20–40% of Delivery points also showed non-compliance in the availability of personal protective equipment and waste management practices.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve infection control practices in delivery points, particularly in lower-level facilities. Strengthening adherence to established protocols, enhancing staff training, ensuring availability of essential supplies and implementing robust monitoring systems are imperative for reducing the burden of maternal and neonatal infections and improving healthcare outcomes in resource-constrained settings.
Hemorrhagic stroke and atherogenic markers – is there any relation?
Authors: Masic Nejra , Begic Edin , Aziri Buena , Mehmedika-Suljić Enra , Mahmutbegović Nevena , Fajkic Almir , Lepara Orhan , Krupic Ferid 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio emerges as a promising marker for cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between overall serum lipid levels and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) remains uncertain. Therefore, our study aims to explore the association between this novel index and mortality in HS patients.

Methods:
Utilizing a retrospective-prospective framework from January 2020 to August 2023, we scrutinized data from 104 hospitalized patients diagnosed with HS, with particular attention to their medical backgrounds and lipid profiles.

Results:
Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.078; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032–1.125; P = 0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR, 0.237; 95% CI, 0.074–0.760; P = 0.015), glucose level (OR, 1.121; 95% CI, 1.007–1.247; P = 0.037), and TG/HDL index (OR, 0.368; 95% CI, 0.173–0.863; P = 0.020) emerged as independent predictors for in-hospital mortality, as determined by both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Conclusion:
Our results add weight to the growing evidence backing the utility of the TG/HDL index in assessing cardiovascular risk among HS patients. They emphasize the necessity of adopting a comprehensive risk assessment and management strategy that incorporates both traditional markers and novel indicators.