bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geology of the Morasko craters, Poznań, Poland—Small impact craters in unconsolidated sediments
Authors: Szokaluk M. , Jagodziński R. , Muszyński A. , Szczuciński W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConfirmed small impact craters in unconsolidated deposits are rare on Earth, and only a few have been the subjects of detailed investigations. Consequently, our knowledge of indicators permitting unambiguous identification of such structures is limited. In this work, detailed geological mapping was performed in the area of the Morasko craters, of which the largest crater is of about 96 m diameter. These craters were formed in the mid‐Holocene (~5000 yr ago) in unconsolidated sediments of a glacial terminal moraine. Fragments of the impactor—an iron meteorite—have been found in the craters’ vicinity for many decades. Despite numerous studies of the meteorite, no detailed research concerning the geological structure around the craters and of the ejecta deposits has been undertaken. The new data, including evaluation of over 52 sediment cores and 260 shallow drillings, permit the identification of four main sediment types: Neogene clays, diamicton with Neogene clay clasts containing charcoal pieces, diamicton without clasts, and sand with locally preserved paleosoil and charcoal pieces. Based on sedimentological properties, the ejecta deposits are mainly identified as diamicton with Neogene clay clasts, described as lithic impact breccia, covering locally preserved pre‐impact soil. Moreover, crater sections characterized by inverse stratigraphy of sediments are identified as belonging to overturned flaps.
The transcription factors ActR and SoxR differentially affect the phenazine tolerance of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Perry Elena K. , Newman Dianne K. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBacteria in soils encounter redox‐active compounds, such as phenazines, that can generate oxidative stress, but the mechanisms by which different species tolerate these compounds are not fully understood. Here, we identify two transcription factors, ActR and SoxR, that play contrasting yet complementary roles in the tolerance of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens to phenazines. We show that ActR promotes phenazine tolerance by proactively driving expression of a more energy‐efficient terminal oxidase at the expense of a less efficient alternative, which may affect the rate at which phenazines abstract electrons from the electron transport chain (ETC) and thereby generate reactive oxygen species. SoxR, on the other hand, responds to phenazines by inducing expression of several efflux pumps and redox‐related genes, including one of three copies of superoxide dismutase and five novel members of its regulon that could not be computationally predicted. Notably, loss of ActR is far more detrimental than loss of SoxR at low concentrations of phenazines, and also increases dependence on the otherwise functionally redundant SoxR‐regulated superoxide dismutase. Our results thus raise the intriguing possibility that the composition of an organism's ETC may be the driving factor in determining sensitivity or tolerance to redox‐active compounds.
Polycentric Systems and Multiscale Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in the Built Environment
Authors: Ba Yuhao , Galik Christopher 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAddressing climate change requires consideration of mitigation and adaptation opportunities at multiple spatial scales. This is particularly true in the built environment, defined here to include individual buildings, neighborhoods, and the spaces between. The current U.S. political environment portends fewer resources and coordinating services for mitigation and adaptation at the federal level, however, reinforcing the relevance and necessity of actions at subnational levels. In this study, we evaluate the applicability of a polycentric model of governance to the implementation of mitigation and adaptation practices, as well as the presence of polycentric systems in the built environment. We assemble a database of practices with the potential to achieve both mitigation and adaptation objectives, as well as those that may be cross‐purposed or that may achieve one but not the other. We review practices to gauge the applicability of a polycentric model of governance to mitigation and adaptation practices in the built environment, and examine the attributes of three existing adaptation and/or mitigation programs to assess the extent to which they exhibit polycentric attributes. We conclude with recommendations for a broader research agenda, including efforts to develop more in‐depth examinations into individual programs and comparative analysis of performances of different governance attributes.
Intrinsic Gaussian Processes on Complex Constrained Domains
Authors: Niu Mu , Cheung Pokman , Lin Lizhen , Dai Zhenwen , Lawrence Neil , Dunson David 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe propose a class of intrinsic Gaussian processes (GPs) for interpolation, regression and classification on manifolds with a primary focus on complex constrained domains or irregularly shaped spaces arising as subsets or submanifolds of R, R2, R3 and beyond. For example, intrinsic GPs can accommodate spatial domains arising as complex subsets of Euclidean space. Intrinsic GPs respect the potentially complex boundary or interior conditions as well as the intrinsic geometry of the spaces. The key novelty of the approach proposed is to utilize the relationship between heat kernels and the transition density of Brownian motion on manifolds for constructing and approximating valid and computationally feasible covariance kernels. This enables intrinsic GPs to be practically applied in great generality, whereas existing approaches for smoothing on constrained domains are limited to simple special cases. The broad utilities of the intrinsic GP approach are illustrated through simulation studies and data examples.
The relationships between socially prescribed perfectionism, in‐group affect, negative urgency, and disordered eating in women
Authors: Bouguettaya Ayoub , Moulding Richard , King Ross M. , Harrold Georgia 
Published: April 2019

Socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) is often considered as a key risk factor for disordered eating (DE). However, current conceptualizations of SPP largely assume that this perfectionism pressure is non‐specific (i.e., a global pressure), despite research indicating that for females experiencing DE, female‐dominated groups impose this pressure (as a perceived norm). Furthermore, this relationship may be mediated by a negative reaction to this pressure, in the form of impulsivity (or negative urgency). To date, no research has investigated whether the relationship between SPP and DE is mediated by negative urgency, nor has there been research clarifying how in‐group identification relates to DE, independent of SPP and negative urgency. To address these gaps, we assessed these variables in 147 female dieters (Mage = 25.12 years, SD = 3.08) using a cross‐sectional design. Consistent with our hypotheses, negative urgency fully mediated the link between female‐based SPP and disordered eating, while female‐based in‐group affect (identification) was predictive of disordered eating (although the latter relationship was not sustained in a multiple regression model). These findings suggest that the SPP from other women may relate to DE through increasing negative urgency, and that the link between in‐group (female) affect and DE may be better explained by SPP's link to DE.
Coming Together to Punish Others: Social Capital, Racial Context, and Social Control*
Authors: Hawes Daniel P. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and the use of social controls in public policy. Social capital is strongly correlated with a wide range of positive societal outcomes across many policy domains. However, others have cautioned that the benefits of social capital are not uniformly distributed to all members of society and that there may even be negative effects of social capital. This article posits that communities with higher levels of social capital will be more punitive toward those who break society's “norms of reciprocity.” This tendency for social capital to reinforce social controls will be particularly strong for groups within society that are considered “others” by the dominant group. Thus, as racial and ethnic diversity increases, punitive (and targeted) social controls are likely to increase.MethodsThe analysis uses state‐level panel data from 1986–2009 to examine the effect of social capital on public policies relating to social control within criminal justice policy, and how this relationship is conditioned by minority group size.ResultsThe empirical analysis finds that states with higher levels of social capital tend to have more punitive criminal justice and drug enforcement policies and outcomes but only when there is a significant black population.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that the effects of social capital are conditioned by racial context.
The nature and spatial variability of lowland savanna soils: Improving the resolution of soil properties to support land management policy
Authors: Donoghue Sarah , Furley Peter A. , Stuart Neil , Haggis Robyn , Trevaskis Alex , Lopez German 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA fresh approach is presented to address the increasingly urgent need for alternative land management strategies in savannas. We illustrate how fine‐scale information of soil characteristics can be used to enable a more precise delimitation of sites suitable for different forms of land stewardship, including agro‐pastoral activities, forestry, biodiversity and tourism. By collating data from previous soil surveys, and augmenting this with targeted new surveys, we produce the first national data set of soil properties for the lowland savannas of Belize. Most of these soils are typical of savanna soils worldwide, that is acidic (mean surface pH = 5.7), nutrient‐poor (mean surface total exchangeable bases [TEB] = 3.4 cmol kg−1) and coarse‐textured (mean surface clay = 13.0%). Nevertheless, there is a marked spatial variability across the country in these soil properties. Some soils exhibit unusually high subsurface clay fractions (max = 73%), whilst other sites have exceptionally high pH in lower horizons (max = 8.4). Cluster analysis is used to group sites with similar soil properties. Across 79 sites, there is a clear division between soils with high clay percentages and those with coarser textures. These are sub‐divided into five groups based on further differences in parent material, chemical properties and site characteristics. Mapping the locations of these groups enables more specific land use recommendations to be made. This ability to make targeted land use recommendations from fine‐scale soil information represents an advance over the previous national land use policy, where all savanna lands were considered unsuitable for any form of agriculture. This approach could be applied to marginal savannas worldwide.
Heartland virus infection in a heart transplant recipient from the Heartland
Authors: Hevey Matthew A. , O'Halloran Jane A. , Jagger Brett W. , Staples Jennifer E. , Lambert Amy J. , Panella Amanda J. , Kosoy Olga I. , Turabelidze George , Raymer David S. , Ewald Gregory A. , Kwon Jennie H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTick‐borne infections represent a significant health risk each year in the United States. Immunocompromised patients are typically at risk of more severe disease manifestations than their immunocompetent counterparts. Here we report a case of a newly emerging phlebovirus, Heartland virus, in a heart transplant recipient.
Enzymatic basis for C‐lignin monomer biosynthesis in the seed coat of Cleome hassleriana
Authors: Zhuo Chunliu , Rao Xiaolan , Azad Rajeev , Pandey Ravi , Xiao Xirong , Harkelroad Aaron , Wang Xiaoqiang , Chen Fang , Dixon Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryC‐lignin is a linear polymer of caffeyl alcohol, found in the seed coats of several exotic plant species, with promising properties for generation of carbon fibers and high value chemicals. In the ornamental plant Cleome hassleriana, guaiacyl (G) lignin is deposited in the seed coat for the first 6–12 days after pollination, after which G‐lignin deposition ceases and C‐lignin accumulates, providing an excellent model system to study C‐lignin biosynthesis. We performed RNA sequencing of seed coats harvested at 2‐day intervals throughout development. Bioinformatic analysis identified a complete set of lignin biosynthesis genes for Cleome. Transcript analysis coupled with kinetic analysis of recombinant enzymes in Escherichia coli revealed that the switch to C‐lignin formation was accompanied by down‐regulation of transcripts encoding functional caffeoyl CoA‐ and caffeic acid 3‐O‐methyltransferases (CCoAOMT and COMT) and a form of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ChCAD4) with preference for coniferaldehyde as substrate, and up‐regulation of a form of CAD (ChCAD5) with preference for caffealdehyde. Based on these analyses, blockage of lignin monomer methylation by down‐regulation of both O‐methyltransferases (OMTs) and methionine synthase (for provision of C1 units) appears to be the major factor in diversion of flux to C‐lignin in the Cleome seed coat, although the change in CAD specificity also contributes based on the reduction of C‐lignin levels in transgenic Cleome with down‐regulation of ChCAD5. Structure modeling and mutational analysis identified amino acid residues important for the preference of ChCAD5 for caffealdehyde.
Full‐length mRNA sequencing and gene expression profiling reveal broad involvement of natural antisense transcript gene pairs in pepper development and response to stresses
Authors: Wang Jubin , Deng Yingtian , Zhou Yingjia , Liu Dan , Yu Huiyang , Zhou Yuhong , Lv Junheng , Ou Lijun , Li Xuefeng , Ma Yanqing , Dai Xiongze , Liu Feng , Zou Xuexiao , Ouyang Bo , Li Feng 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPepper is an important vegetable with great economic value and unique biological features. In the past few years, significant development has been made toward understanding the huge complex pepper genome; however, pepper functional genomics has not been well studied. To better understand the pepper gene structure and pepper gene regulation, we conducted full‐length mRNA sequencing by PacBio sequencing and obtained 57 862 high‐quality full‐length mRNA sequences derived from 18 362 previously annotated and 5769 newly detected genes. New gene models were built that combined the full‐length mRNA sequences and corrected approximately 500 fragmented gene models from previous annotations. Based on the full‐length mRNA, we identified 4114 and 5880 pepper genes forming natural antisense transcript (NAT) genes in‐cis and in‐trans, respectively. Most of these genes accumulate small RNAs in their overlapping regions. By analyzing these NAT gene expression patterns in our transcriptome data, we identified many NAT pairs responsive to a variety of biological processes in pepper. Pepper formate dehydrogenase 1 (FDH1), which is required for R‐gene‐mediated disease resistance, may be regulated by nat‐siRNAs and participate in a positive feedback loop in salicylic acid biosynthesis during resistance responses. Several cis‐NAT pairs and subgroups of trans‐NAT genes were responsive to pepper pericarp and placenta development, which may play roles in capsanthin and capsaicin biosynthesis. Using a comparative genomics approach, the evolutionary mechanisms of cis‐NATs were investigated, and we found that an increase in intergenic sequences accounted for the loss of most cis‐NATs, while transposon insertion contributed to the formation of most new cis‐NATs.Open Research BadgesThis article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa Accession number, CRA001412
The role of oclacitinib in the management of ischaemic dermatopathy in four dogs
Authors: Levy Britt J. , Linder Keith E. , Olivry Thierry 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIschaemic dermatopathy represents a heterogenous and poorly‐characterized canine syndrome that is often refractory to conventional immunosuppression. Janus‐kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) are used for the treatment of various human autoimmune diseases, including dermatomyositis. Oclacitinib is a generally well‐tolerated, veterinary‐approved, nonselective JAKinib that has therapeutic potential as an immunosuppressant.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe four cases of treatment refractory juvenile‐onset ischaemic dermatopathy that rapidly and durably responded to oclacitinib administration.AnimalsFour mixed‐breed dogs, three 9‐month‐old male littermates and one 6‐month‐old female, were presented for generalized patchy alopecia, scarring and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic skin lesions were consistent with a severe ischaemic dermatopathy.Methods and materialsA complete remission of skin lesions could not be achieved in any dog with glucocorticoids alone, nor when these were combined with adjuvant immunosuppressants. Oclacitinib treatment was then initiated at the dosage of 0.4‐0.7 mg/kg twice daily, along with a tapering regimen of oral prednisolone.ResultsA full clinical remission was achieved within four weeks of starting this combination therapy, with prednisolone being stopped within eight weeks thereof. Remission was maintained in two dogs with lower doses or dosing frequencies of oclacitinib, whereas the two others required persistent twice daily administration of this JAKinib.Conclusions and clinical importanceOclacitinib was a useful immunosuppressive adjuvant to oral glucocorticoids for the treatment of refractory or severe cases of ischaemic dermatopathy in these four dogs. Such observation warrants further studies of the safety, efficacy and mechanism of action of oclacitinib as an immunosuppressant.
Self‐induced, noninflammatory alopecia associated with infestation with Lynxacarus radovskyi: a series of 11 cats
Authors: Han Hock Siew , Chua Hui Li , Nellinathan Geetha 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundInfestation of Lynxacarus radovskyi (Lynxacarosis) on cats is usually asymptomatic – most cats are presented with a dull, dry, dishevelled coat, with easily epilated hairs. The physical presence of the mite gives the coat a “peppered” appearance, and previous reports have described some cats developing pruritus and alopecia.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical signs of Lynxacarus radovskyi associated self‐induced alopecia.AnimalsEleven client‐owned, indoor and naturally infested cats.Methods and materialsCats with the primary complaint of pruritus and alopecia with sole infestation of Lynxacarus radovskyi, were included in this case series. Their age, sex, breed and clinical presentation were recorded. Cats were treated with selamectin twice, with a 14 day interval, followed by monthly maintenance therapy.ResultsSelf‐induced alopecia was found on the perianal (10 of 11), caudal‐lateral thighs (eight of 11), sacral‐tail base region, abdomen (each seven of 11), on the flanks (five of 11) and dorsal‐lumbar (four of 11) areas. There were no eosinophilic dermatitis lesions nor head and neck pruritus in any cat.Conclusion and clinical importanceLynxacarus radovskyi infested cats can have lesions which are strikingly similar to flea allergic dermatitis with lesions most commonly found on the perianal area.
Mutation-specific Fabry disease patient-derived cell model to evaluate the amenability to chaperone therapy
Authors: Lenders Malte , Stappers Franciska , Niemietz Christoph , Schmitz Boris , Boutin Michel , Ballmaier Paula Johanna , Zibert Andree , Schmidt Hartmut , Brand Stefan-Martin , Auray-Blais Christiane , Brand Eva 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPatients with Fabry disease (FD) and amenable mutations can be treated with the chaperone migalastat to restore endogenous α-galactosidase A (AGAL) activity. However, certain amenable mutations do not respond biochemically in vivo as expected. Here, we aimed to establish a patient-specific and mutation-specific cell model to evaluate the amenability to chaperone therapy in FD.MethodsSince current tests to determine amenability are limited to heterologous mutation expression in HEK293T cells with endogenous AGAL activity, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AGAL-deficient HEK293T cells as a basis for mutant overexpression. Furthermore, primary urinary cells from patients were isolated and immortalised as a patient-specific cell model system to evaluate the amenability to chaperone therapy.ResultsUnder treatment (>13 months), carriers of p.N215S (n=6) showed a significant reduction of plasma lyso-Gb3 (p<0.05). Lyso-Gb3 levels in carriers of p.L294S increased (p<0.05) and two patients developed severe albuminuria. Both missense mutations were amenable in wild-type HEK293T cells (p<0.05), but presented different responses in CRISPR/Cas9-mediated AGAL knockouts and immortalised urinary cells. Chaperone incubation resulted in increased AGAL activity (p<0.0001) and intracellular globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) reduction (p<0.05) in immortalised p.N215S cells but not in p.L294S and IVS2+1 G>A cells.ConclusionWe conclude that repeated AGAL activity measurements in patients’ white blood cells are mandatory to assess the in vivo amenability to migalastat. Plasma lyso-Gb3 might be an appropriate tool to measure the biochemical response to migalastat. Patients with low AGAL activities and increasing lyso-Gb3 levels despite in vitro amenability might not benefit sufficiently from chaperone treatment.
Integrated Passive Devices and Switching Circuit Design for a 3D DC/DC Converter up to 60 V
Authors: Saponara Sergio , Ciarpi Gabriele , Erlbacher Tobias , Rattmann Gudrun 
Published: April 2019

This work presents the design and test of a switched-cap 3D DC/DC converter able to work up to 60[Formula: see text]V. The switches and the control circuits are integrated single-chip in a high-voltage (HV) MOS technology, and the passive devices are stacked on top of the chip. As an innovation versus the state-of-the-art, the work first presents the design of integrated passive devices, based on through silicon vias (TSV) MOS-compatible technology, which are suitable for switching converter applications up to 60[Formula: see text]V. Then, the implementation and experimental characterization of the switched-cap 3D DC/DC is proposed, with the silicon TSV capacitors stacked on top of the 0.35[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m HV-MOS die. Compared with the state-of-the-art, the proposed 3D DC/DC converter is a compact circuit, able to directly regulate a wide input voltage range (from 6[Formula: see text]V to 60[Formula: see text]V) to a 5[Formula: see text]V, 2[Formula: see text]W output. Hence, it is suitable to supply low-power loads, such as control units and/or sensors, directly from the 48[Formula: see text]V power line available in hybrid vehicles or telecom and networking systems.