bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles by capillary zone electrophoresis using non‐complexing and complexing electrolyte anions and tetramethylammonium as dispersing additive
Authors: Alves Monica N. , Nesterenko Pavel N. , Paull Brett , Haddad Paul R. , Macka Mirek 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeparations of bare superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (BSPMNPs, approx. 11 nm diameter) was performed using non‐complexing (nitrate) and complexing (chloride, citrate and phosphate) electrolyte ions with additions of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), which is commonly applied to control the synthesis of stable iron oxides. The use of TMAOH as a background electrolyte (BGE) additive for capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations provided for the first time electropherograms of BSPMNPs exhibiting symmetrical and highly reproducible peaks, free of spurious spikes characteristic of nanoparticle clusters. Consequently, accurate determination of the electrophoretic effective mobility of BSPMNPs was possible, yielding a value of −3.345E‐08 m2 V−1 s−1 (relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.500%). The obtained mobilities of BSPMNPs in the presence of various electrolyte ions show that the degree of complexation with the surface of BSPMNPs follows the order chloride < citrate < phosphate, correlating with the stabilities of Fe(III) complexes with the respective anions. Finally, bare and carboxylated iron oxide nanoparticles were successfully separated in only 10 min using 10 mM Tris‐nitrate containing 20 mM of TMAOH as electrolyte. Our findings show that simple and rapid CE experiments are an excellent tool to characterise and monitor properties and interactions of iron oxide nanoparticles with other molecules for surface modification purposes.
Three Visualization Approaches for Communicating and Exploring Passive Integrated Transponder Tag Data
Authors: Letcher Benjamin H , Walker Jeffrey D , O'Donnell Matthew J , Whiteley Andrew R , Nislow Keith H , Coombs Jason A 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
As the number, size, and complexity of ecological data sets have increased, narrative and interactive raw data visualizations have emerged as important tools for exploring and understanding these large data sets. As a demonstration, we developed three visualizations to communicate and explore passive integrated transponder tag data from two long-term field studies. We created three independent visualizations for the same data set, allowing separate entry points for users with different goals and experience levels. The first visualization uses a narrative approach to introduce users to the study. The second visualization provides interactive crossfilters that allow users to explore multivariate relationships in the data set. The last visualization allows users to visualize the movement histories of individual fish within the stream network. This suite of visualization tools allows a progressive discovery of more detailed information and should make the data accessible to users with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests.
Preparation of the rainbow trout bone peptides directed by nutritional properties and flavor analyses
Authors: Fan Weiwei , Tan Xiaoyi , Tu Maolin , Jin Feng , Wang Zhenyu , Yu Cuiping , Qi Libo , Du Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRainbow trout bone proteins were prepared by heating at 121°C for 30 min, followed by filtration, concentration, and lyophilization. Nutritional properties and flavor analyses of hydrolysates digested by five different enzymes were investigated, respectively. Results showed that the crude protein content of rainbow trout bone was 15.90% and had a well‐balanced nutritional value. The content of total amino acids was 983.64 mg/g. The amount of free amino acids of hydrolysates digested by alkaline protease, neutral protease, flavourzyme, papain, and trypsin for 3 hr was 207.83, 224.13, 1,001.59, 283.26, and 303.64 mg/g, respectively. During the hydrolysis, the main flavor compounds were identified by GC‐MS to be alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, and alkanes. After hydrolysis, the main molecular weight of peptides was focused on the range of 1,000–3,000 Da in all enzymatic hydrolysates. This study provided a theoretical basis to comprehensive utilization of rainbow trout bone in food industry.
Chemical, antimicrobial, and molecular characterization of mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) fruits and leaves
Authors: Llivisaca Susana , Manzano Patricia , Ruales Jenny , Flores José , Mendoza Joffre , Peralta Esther , Cevallos‐Cevallos Juan M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFruits and leaves of Vaccinium spp. are known for their high content of bioactive compounds, but the chemical and biological characteristics of mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) have not been fully described. In this study, the levels of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, antimicrobial activity, and genetic variability were determined in mortiño plants. The Folin–Ciocalteu's, ABTS scavenging, pH differential, and well diffusion methods were used to evaluate the levels of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanins, and antimicrobial activity, respectively. The genetic variability was evaluated by sequencing of the matK and rbcl DNA regions. Polyphenol content was up to 229.81 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, the average antioxidant capacity was 11.01 mmol Trolox equivalents/100 g, and anthocyanin content was up to 1,095.39 mg/100 g. Mortiño extracts significantly inhibited the growth of Gram‐negative bacteria including Burkholderia gladioli, Burkholderia cepacia, Salmonella Typhimurium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomona aeruginosa, as well as Gram‐positive bacteria such as Probionibacterium propionicum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis showing greater inhibition halos than those produced by the antibiotic ampicillin. A polymorphic nucleotide was found in position 739 of the matK region. This study shows the potential of mortiño for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
The effects of cobalt and chromium ions on transforming growth factor‐beta patterns and mineralization in human osteoblast‐like MG63 and SaOs‐2 cells
Authors: Drynda Susanne , Drynda Andreas , Feuerstein Bernd , Kekow Jörn , Lohmann Christoph H. , Bertrand Jessica 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBone homeostasis, the balance of bone formation and resorption is affected by numerous influences, such as, hormones, inflammation, mechanical load, and external stimuli. The transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), which exists in three isoforms in humans, is a major factor in the maintenance of this balance by regulating osteoblast and osteoclast maturation, development, and function. In artificial joint replacements, release of particles or ions from arthroplasties may exert local effects on the periprosthetic tissue and modulate the expression of bone specific genes and functions. Therefore, the influence of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) ions on the expression levels of the three TGF‐β isoforms in human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and SaOs‐2 was analyzed and the impact on mineralization was studied. The osteosarcoma cell lines expressed all three TGF‐β isoforms, with TGF‐β1 being the most abundant isoform. A dose dependent reduction of all TGF‐β isoforms by Co2+ ions was observed, the strongest effect was found on TGF‐β2. The effect was lesser pronounced in SaOs‐2 cells. However, the Cr3+ ions had no significant effect on the expression of all TGF‐β isoforms. In contrast, Co2+ ions in a concentration range of 50–250 µM did not impair the mineralization, but Cr3+ exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the mineralization in a dose dependent fashion. These data suggest that the influence of cobalt ions on bone homeostasis may in part result from the inhibitory effect on the transcription of the bone regulating cytokines TGF‐β1‐3 whereas the chromium ions affect the process of mineralization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2105‐2115, 2018.
Lack of interferon‐gamma attenuates foreign body reaction to subcutaneous implants in mice
Authors: Cassini‐Vieira Puebla , de Carvalho Santuchi Melissa , da Silva Rafaela Fernandes , Russo Remo Castro , Araújo Fernanda Assis , dos Santos Robson Augusto Souza , Andrade Silvia Passos , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Barcelos Luciola Silva 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubcutaneous implantation of synthetic materials and biomedical devices often induces abnormal tissue healing – the foreign body reaction—which impairs their function. In particular, Interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) is a critical endogenous mediator of inflammation and plays a key role in a wide variety of biological responses including tissue healing. However, the contribution of endogenous IFN‐γ on different features of the foreign body response induced by synthetic implants regarding neovascularization, inflammation, and fibrogenesis is not well known. Here, we evaluated inflammatory angiogenesis and fibrogenesis induced by implantation of polyether–polyurethane sponges in mice targeted disrupted of the interferon‐γ gene (IFN‐γ−/−) and wild‐type (WT). The hemoglobin content, the number of vessels, and blood flow (evaluated by LDPI—laser Doppler perfusion imaging) were decreased in the implants from IFN‐γ−/− as compared to WT mice. Likewise, neutrophils and macrophages accumulation (MPO and NAG activities, respectively) was decreased in IFN‐γ−/− implants. Interestingly, while the local content of VEGF, TNF‐α, CXCL‐1/KC, as measured by ELISA, and iNOS expression, as measured by qPCR, were significantly reduced, the content of IL‐10 was greatly increased in the implants from IFN‐γ−/− mice as compared to WT mice. No alterations were observed in CCL‐2/MCP‐1 levels. Lastly, the collagen deposition, assessed by Picro‐Sirius red‐stained histological sections, was also reduced in IFN‐γ−/− implants. Altogether, these data suggest that IFN‐γ activity contributes to inflammatory angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in synthetic implants and that lack of IFN‐γ expression attenuates foreign body reaction to implants in mice. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2243‐2250, 2018.
Significant association between RGS14 rs12654812 and nephrolithiasis risk among Guangxi population in China
Authors: Long Jun , Chen Yang , Lin Haisong , Liao Ming , Li Tianyu , Tong Lei , Wei Suchun , Xian Xiaoying , Zhu Jia , Chen Jianxin , Tian Jiarong , Wang Qiuyan , Mo Zengnan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundNephrolithiasis is a worldwide health problem that affects almost all populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between rs12654812 of regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) gene and nephrolithiasis in the Chinese population.MethodsA total of 1541 participators including 830 cases and 711 controls were included from Guangxi area in China. Age, sex, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, creatinine, uric acid, and urea nitrogen were analyzed between the case group and control group.ResultsWe found that the G/A+A/A genotypes of rs12654812 had a significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk after adjusting age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, and hypertension, compared with G/G genotype (OR = 1.361, 95% CI = 1.033‐1.794, P = .029). This hazardous effect was more pronounced in subgroup of age < 50, ever smoking, ever drinking, creatinine normal, and high uric acid. The G/A genotype of rs12654812 also had a significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk compared with G/G genotype. The A allele of rs12654812 significantly increased the risk of nephrolithiasis compared with the G allele after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking and hypertension (OR = 1.277, 95% CI = 1.013‐1.609, P = .038).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the RGS14 polymorphism is involved in the etiology of nephrolithiasis and thus may be a genetic marker for nephrolithiasis.
Effects of extremely low bulk liquid DO on autotrophic nitrogen removal performance and NOB suppression in side‐ and mainstream one‐stage PNA
Authors: Akaboci Tiago Rogerio Vitor , Gich Frederic , Ruscalleda Maël , Balaguer Maria Dolors , Colprim Jesús 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDResults in the literature are divergent regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) level to ensure nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression in mainstream conditions. In this study, a one‐stage granular partial‐nitritation (PNA) was operated controlling the oxygen transfer over ammonium loading rate (OTR/ALR). The effects of extremely low DO availability on autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) performance and NOB suppression were assessed.RESULTSThe strategy applied in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in sidestream and mainstream conditions (temperature at 25 °C) allowed micromolar bulk liquid DO concentrations to be obtained. Nitrite production rate (NPR) by aerobic ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was sufficient to provide nitrite to anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and sustain nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of 0.34 ± 0.05 and 0.37 ± 0.07 kg N m−3 d−1 during sidestream and mainstream operation, respectively. Extremely low DO assisted by free ammonia (FA; ≤6.2 mg N L−1) in sidestream conditions resulted in complete nitratation suppression. In mainstream conditions, Nitrospira spp. growth led to limited nitratation rates. Decreasing the OTR/ALR resulted in lower oxygen consumption by AOB than by NOB, as well as reduced nitrite consumption by AnAOB, which is likely to be due to granule structure.CONCLUSIONSLow DO availability did not compromise ANR. Micromolar DO allowed complete NOB suppression only with FA assistance (sidestream) but was sufficient to keep nitratation limited in mainstream conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Immune configuration in hatchling snakes is affected by incubation moisture, and is linked to subsequent growth and survival in the field
Authors: Brown Gregory P. , Shine Richard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe incubated the eggs of field‐caught keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii) on wet versus dry substrates to explore impacts of incubation conditions on white blood cell (WBC) concentrations and differential WBC counts of hatchlings. In a second, independent study young snakes were released into the field, allowing us to explore fitness correlates of WBC profiles. Dry incubation reduced embryonic survival and hatchling body size, thus decoupling egg size from hatchling size. Incubation conditions also altered WBC profiles. Lymphocyte and azurophil counts were related to hatchling body size but not to initial egg mass, whereas heterophil counts were related to both of these traits. The egg‐size effect on heterophil counts may reflect a maternal effect on offspring immune configuration. The ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (an index of stress) was higher in hatchlings from eggs incubated on dry substrates. Snakes with higher counts of lymphocytes at hatching were more likely to be recaptured as adults (H:L; an index of survival), whereas snakes with higher basophil counts exhibited more rapid growth. In summary, our experiments show that incubation moisture levels influence the immune configuration of hatchling snakes, and that variation among individuals in WBC counts at hatching is a significant predictor of an individual's fitness after it is released into the wild. The demonstrated link between incubation conditions and offspring fitness is likely to impose strong selection on maternal nest‐site choice.
Child Malnutrition in Indonesia: Can Education, Sanitation and Healthcare Augment the Role of Income?
Authors: De Silva Indunil , Sumarto Sudarno 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn spite of the sustained economic growth and progress in reducing poverty, the status of child nutrition is abysmal in Indonesia with chronic malnutrition rates continuing to remain at very high levels. In this backdrop, this study attempts to shed light on the channels through which various socio‐economic factors affect children's nutritional status in Indonesia. Utilizing recent data from Indonesian Family Life Survey, and controlling for an exhaustive set of socio‐economic factors, it emerged that mother's education, water and sanitation conditions, household poverty and access to healthcare to strongly influence chronic malnutrition among children in Indonesia. Child stunting rates were surprisingly high even in the wealthiest quintile of households, implying that income growth merely will not automatically solve the nutritional problem. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
mTOR: A double-edged sword for diabetes
Authors: Tuo Yali , Xiang Ming 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Diabetes is both a metabolic and an immune disorder. One intriguing link between the two is the serine-threonine protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). As a component of the PI3K/Akt pathway and other cellular signals, mTOR is a key regulator of fuel metabolism and function of both pancreatic islet β cells and immune cells. Consequently, it seems that mTOR has both anti- and prodiabetic effects. On the one hand, activation of mTOR in β cells can increase their growth and proliferation, opposing impairments of insulin secretion in diabetes. On the other, activation of mTOR signaling in specific immune cells alters their fuel metabolism, amplifying their contributions to β-cell dysfunction, contributing to the development of diabetes. In this review, we focus on roles of mTOR signaling in pancreatic β cells and immune cells and their implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes.
NMDA receptor blockade ameliorates abnormalities of spike firing of subthalamic nucleus neurons in a parkinsonian nonhuman primate
Authors: Bhattacharya Subhrajit , Ma Yuxian , Dunn Amy R. , Bradner Joshua M. , Scimemi Annalisa , Miller Gary W. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Wichmann Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels comprising tetrameric assemblies of GluN1 and GluN2 receptor subunits that mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Of the four different GluN2 subunits, the GluN2D subunit‐containing NMDARs have been suggested as a target for antiparkinsonian therapy because of their expression pattern in some of the basal ganglia nuclei that show abnormal firing patterns in the parkinsonian state, specifically the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In this study, we demonstrate that blockade of NMDARs altered spike firing in the STN in a male nonhuman primate that had been rendered parkinsonian by treatment with the neurotoxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine. In accompanying experiments in male rodents, we found that GluN2D‐NMDAR expression in the STN was reduced in acutely or chronically dopamine‐depleted animals. Taken together, our data suggest that blockade of NMDARs in the STN may be a viable antiparkinsonian strategy, but that the ultimate success of this approach may be complicated by parkinsonism‐associated changes in NMDAR expression in the STN.
Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II and Dimethyl Sulfoxide affect the sealing frequencies of transected hippocampal neurons
Authors: Poon Andrew D. , McGill Sarah H. , Bhupanapadu Sunkesula Solomon Raju , Burgess Zachary S. , Dunne Patrick J. , Kang Edward E. , Bittner George D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTraumatic injury often results in axonal severance, initiating obligatory Wallerian degeneration of distal segments, whereas proximal segments often survive. Calcium ion (Ca2+) influx at severed proximal axonal ends activates pathways that can induce apoptosis. However, this same Ca2+‐influx also activates multiple parallel pathways that seal the plasmalemma by inducing accumulation and fusion of vesicles at the lesion site that reduce Ca2+‐influx and enhance survival. We examined whether various inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinases (CaMKs), and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a common solvent for biologically active substances, affected the ability of a hippocampal‐derived neuronal cell line (B104 cells) to seal membrane damage following axotomy. Axolemmal sealing frequencies were assessed at different transection distances from the axon hillock and at various times after Ca2+‐influx (PC times) by observing whether transected cells took‐up fluorescent dyes. Inhibition of CaMKII by tatCN21 and KN‐93, but not inhibition of CaMKI and CaMKIV by STO‐609, affected axonal sealing frequencies. That is, CaMKII is a component of previously reported parallel pathways that induce membrane sealing, whereas CaMKI and CaMKIV are not involved. The effects of these CaMKII inhibitors on plasmalemmal sealing depended on their mechanism of inhibition, transection distance, and PC time. DMSO at low concentrations (90 µM–28 mM or 0.00064%–0.2% v/v) significantly increased membrane‐sealing frequencies at most PC times and transection distances, possibly by permeabilizing the plasmalemma to Ca2+. Inhibition of CaMKII, DMSO, PC time, and the transection distance significantly affect plasmalemmal sealing that is critical to somal survival in traumatic lesions.
Major postglacial summer temperature changes in the central coniferous boreal forest of Quebec (Canada) inferred using chironomid assemblages
Authors: Bajolle Lisa , Larocque‐Tobler Isabelle , Gandouin Emmanuel , Lavoie Martin , Bergeron Yves , Ali Adam A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTChironomid head capsules preserved in lake sediments were used to reconstruct 8200 years of summer temperatures in the boreal forest of north‐eastern Canada. Two training sets were used derived from Canadian and Eastern Canadian transfer functions. Both models reconstructed similar climate patterns, but the Canadian model provided temperatures generally 2–3 °C lower than the Eastern Canadian model. Three main thermal changes inferred by chironomids were: (i) the Holocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred between 8 and 5k cal a BP, with temperatures generally higher than today's, maximum temperatures between 8 and 6.5k cal a BP, and an average of + 0.9 °C; (ii) the Medieval Climate Anomaly around 1.1–1.2k cal a BP with an amplitude of + 0.7 °C; and (iii) a colder period reconstructed between the 14th and 19th centuries, corresponding to the Little Ice Age, with summer temperatures on average −0.5 °C lower than the climate normal. For each of these three climatic events, the timing and the amplitude of changes were similar with other published regional, North American and Northern Hemisphere records.
The suppression of viewing angle dependence of top emission organic light emitting diodes having strong microcavity characteristics by applying concave patterned anode
Authors: Kim Nam Su , Jung Seon Hyeak , Suh Min Chul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn order to obtain the stable viewing angle characteristics of top emission organic light emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) having strong microcavity characteristics, we fabricated nano‐porous film on the glass substrate before depositing highly reflective anode. And then, we could obtain the concave patterned anode by depositing anode on the nano‐porous film and fabricated TEOLED composed of concave patterned layers. From this approach, we could successfully obtain not only the stable color shift and luminance distribution with viewing angle but also high efficiency caused by uneven morphology. In addition, we found that the driving voltage of TEOLED could be reduced due to increased surface area effect of the concave patterned anode, so that the power efficiency was enhanced by about 15% in comparison with reference device.