bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emulsion and Foam Templating—Promising Routes to Tailor‐Made Porous Polymers
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima , Menner Angelika , Bismarck Alexander , Drenckhan Wiebke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEmulsions, foams, and foamed emulsions have been used successfully as templates for the synthesis of macroporous polymers. Based on this knowledge this Minireview presents strategies to use, optimise, and upscale these templating methods to synthesise tailor‐made porous polymers. The uniqueness of such polymers lies in the ability to tailor their structures and, therefore, their properties. However, systematic studies on structure–property relations are lacking mainly because the templating scientific community is “split into two”: the polydisperse and monodisperse camps. Thus, it is time to build a bridge between the camps, that is, to synthesise porous polymers with very different structures from the same precursors to determine the relationship between the structure and the properties.
Efficient preparation of poly(lactic acid) nanofibers by melt differential electrospinning with addition of acetyl tributyl citrate
Authors: Qin Yongxin , Cheng Lisheng , Zhang Yanping , Chen Xiaoqing , Wang Xun , He Xuetao , Yang Weimin , An Ying , Li Haoyi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers, as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material, have potential applications such as biological medicine, efficient filter material, and so on. PLA nanofibers are usually prepared by solution electrospinning method with toxic solvents, such as chloroform, chloromethane, andN,N‐dimethyl formamide. In this work, PLA nanofibers were fabricated with a self‐designed melt differential electrospinning device, assisted by addition of nontoxic acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and by airflow. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to understand the experimental results. The results revealed that the fiber diameter decreased with increasing airflow velocity, and fibers with a diameter as small as 236 nm were obtained at the highest airflow velocity of 25 m/s (with 6 wt % of ATBC). Furthermore, a significantly accelerated falling speed of the jets of about 347 times of that without airflow was achieved at a flow rate of 25 m/s. These results demonstrated that the combination of adding ATBC and airflow assistance was a good strategy to achieve finer fibers with improved stability and efficiency, making it a promising way for mass green production of PLA nanofibers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46554.
Effect of unmanaged harvests for the aquarium trade on the population status and dynamics of redline torpedo barb: A threatened aquatic flagship
Authors: Raghavan Rajeev , Ali Anvar , Philip Siby , Dahanukar Neelesh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The freshwater aquarium trade provides economic and livelihood opportunities to the rural poor, but has been implicated in biodiversity loss through population declines and local extirpation of high‐value endemic species. Previous observations on population declines are largely based on anecdotal data, however, and there are no studies on the population dynamics or stock assessment of freshwater fish species collected for the aquarium pet trade.
To understand how wild collection of endemic and threatened species for the aquarium trade could affect their populations, the sustainability of collecting the endangered redline torpedo barb (Sahyadria denisonii), and its evolutionarily distinct lineages (henceforth RLTBs), from the Western Ghats region (part of the Western Ghats–Sri Lanka biodiversity hot spot) for the aquarium trade was studied to provide baseline data to inform conservation action.
Local populations of RLTBs at the five commercial collection sites showed high mortality rates, and fish were exploited before they attained sexual maturity. The unmanaged fishery has led to unsustainable levels of exploitation, and populations of RLTBs at three sites are vulnerable to an impending collapse.
Endemic and threatened freshwater fish species used in the aquarium pet trade are exposed to local extirpations and global extinctions unless management plans and legislative controls are implemented and strictly enforced. Management plans and conservation actions to help guide the responsible fisheries of RLTBs are suggested, and the wider implications of unmanaged exploitation of endemic aquarium fisheries are discussed.
Floods, drying, habitat connectivity, and fish occupancy dynamics in restored and unrestored oxbows of West Central Iowa, USA
Authors: Fischer Jesse R. , Bakevich Bryan D. , Shea Colin P. , Pierce Clay L. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

In the agricultural landscape of the Midwestern USA, waterways are highly altered. Oxbows are among the few remaining off‐channel habitats associated with streams, supporting fish assemblages that include the endangered Topeka shiners Notropis topeka in portions of their remaining range. Oxbow restorations seek to increase the number and quality of oxbows for Topeka shiners. For oxbows to provide optimal habitat, periods of isolation from streams and connection with streams during floods are necessary.
Water levels and patterns of drying and hydrological connectivity between 12 oxbows and their neighboring streams in West Central Iowa were continuously monitored from May to October 2011, and fish assemblages were assessed for responses to the differing hydrodynamics using dynamic occupancy modelling.
The 12 oxbows exhibited varied hydrodynamics and connectivity with streams. Two oxbows never contained fish; these oxbows never flooded and were among the three oxbows that were dry for the longest periods.
Occupancy modelling suggested that connection with the stream via floods significantly increased the probability of colonization, and low water level increased the probability of local extinction from oxbows. Thirteen of the 16 fish species encountered had detection probabilities over 60%, and eight had detection probabilities over 90%, including Topeka shiners.
None of the five previously restored oxbows flooded; all five contained fish, but only one contained Topeka shiners. Three of the four oxbows containing Topeka shiners flooded and all four dried at least once.
These results suggest that planning for future oxbow restorations should consider: (i) sites that flood frequently; and (ii) construction methods promoting alternating periods of isolation from and connection with streams.
Synthesis of Lead‐free CsGeI3 Perovskite Colloidal Nanocrystals and Electron Beam‐induced Transformations
Authors: Wu Xiaotong , Song Weidong , Li Qian , Zhao Xixia , He Dongsheng , Quan Zewei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractColloidal nanocrystals (NCs) of metal halide perovskite have recently aroused great research interest, due to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. We report a solution synthesis of a new member in this category, that is, all‐inorganic lead‐free cesium germanium iodine (CsGeI3) perovskite NCs. These CsGeI3 colloidal NCs are confirmed to adopt a rhombohedral structure. Moreover, the electron beam‐induced transformations of these lead‐free perovskite NCs have been investigated for the first time. The fracture of single‐crystalline CsGeI3 nanocubes occurs first, followed by the emergence and growth of cesium iodine (CsI) single crystals and the final fragmentation into small debris with random orientations. Notably, the electron‐reduced Ge species in CsGeI3 nanocubes exhibit a distinctive transformation path, compared to heavier Pb atoms in lead halide perovskite NCs.
Forces affecting perception of product comments on social‐WOM: An interactive, relational communication perspective
Authors: Le Angelina Nhat Hanh , Do Ben Roy , Azizah Nurul , Dang Ryan Huu Phuc , Cheng Julian Ming Sung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn attempt is made to explore the predicting factors of the perception of product comments on word‐of‐mouth through social media (social‐WOM). The concept of the Social Information Processing theory is borrowed to develop a 4‐stage framework in which 4 determinants drive the 2 perceptions of sWOM product comments through 2 sequential intervening mediators. The field study is conducted in Taiwan. Survey data are collected from a sample of 408 participants. The findings show that, in a social media community, intimacy, dominance, and informality alleviate the perception of environmental uncertainty, which in turn stimulates the involvement of sWOM product comments; eventually, both the outcome variables of trustability and quality of these comments arise. Additionally, task orientation and intimacy and dominance are able to drive community members to perceive the 2 outcome perceptions through the direct pathway of involvement. Furthermore, environmental uncertainty is capable of straightforwardly evoking the quality of comments.
Discovery of Antimicrobial Lipodepsipeptides Produced by a Serratia sp. within Mosquito Microbiomes
Authors: Ganley Jack G. , Carr Gavin , Ioerger Thomas R. , Sacchettini James C. , Clardy Jon , Derbyshire Emily R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Anopheles mosquito that harbors the Plasmodium parasite contains a microbiota that can influence both the vector and the parasite. In recent years, insect‐associated microbes have highlighted the untapped potential of exploiting interspecies interactions to discover bioactive compounds. In this study, we report the discovery of nonribosomal lipodepsipeptides that are produced by a Serratia sp. within the midgut and salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The lipodepsipeptides, stephensiolides A–K, have antibiotic activity and facilitate bacterial surface motility. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that the stephensiolides are ubiquitous in nature and are likely important for Serratia spp. colonization within mosquitoes, humans, and other ecological niches. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of probing insect–microbiome interactions, enhance our understanding of the chemical ecology within Anopheles mosquitoes, and provide a secondary‐metabolite scaffold for further investigate of this complex relationship.
Graphene Supported Single Atom Transition Metal Catalysts for Methane Activation
Authors: Sahoo Sanjubala , Suib Steven L. , Alpay S. Pamir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysis is a relatively new concept to enhance catalytic activity of transition metal atoms through proper choice of support. The interest in such systems is due to the fact that both the quantum size effect and support‐catalyst interactions may lead to unique electronic structures that may enhance catalytic properties. This allows for the design of materials systems at the atomic scale, tailored for specific reactions. Utilizing this concept, we investigated theoretically free and graphene supported single transition metal (TM) Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu atoms for activation of methane and identified catalytically active centers through C−H bond cleavage. We employed here dispersion corrected density functional theory taking into account the generalized gradient approximation and exchange correlations. The results indicate that graphene supported TM systems display relatively low activation barriers for both TM‐adsorbed and embedded types of graphene supports compared to that of free TM‐methane systems. The reaction pathway for graphene‐supported systems is characterized by a single spin state thereby eliminating a multi‐state reactivity as observed for free TM‐methane systems. Our findings show that the interaction of three d‐orbitals (dxz, dyz and d
) with methane, their relative position, and occupancy play a key role in governing the catalytic activity of supported TM systems.
Direct Synthesis of Polycyclic Tropinones by a Condensation–[4+3]‐Cycloaddition Cascade Reaction
Authors: Okamoto Tsubasa , Shibata Miki , Karanjit Sangita , Nakayama Atsushi , Yoshida Masahiro , Namba Kosuke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA concise method of constructing polycyclic tropinone frameworks was developed. The single‐step synthesis of polycyclic tropinone consists of an intramolecular [4+3] cycloaddition reaction of N‐nosyl‐pyrrole with oxyallyl cation that was generated in situ by an intermolecular condensation reaction of the nucleophilic functional groups on a tethered pyrrole with the aldehyde of 2‐(silyloxy)‐acrolein. This cascade reaction afforded various polycyclic tropinones including tri‐, tetra‐, and pentacyclic systems in high yields as single diastereomers.
Recognition of patch testing among pharmacists
Authors: Kanazawa Azusa , Iwahashi Yuriko , Ohkusa Takehiro , Kasa Yurina , Hirano Yuni , Uno Hirokazu , Nakada Tokio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently little data available on the research targeted at pharmacists regarding dermatological diseases including contact dermatitis. This study evaluates recognition of contact dermatitis and patch testing among pharmacists.MethodsSubjects were 104 pharmacists attended a seminar at Kawasaki, Japan, in January 2017. Ninety‐three of the 104 (89.4%) worked in a pharmacy. They completed a self‐administered questionnaire including working form, length of career as a pharmacist, encounters of contact dermatitis patients, patch testing, and its methodology.ResultsNinety‐three of the 104 (89.4%) encountered patients with contact dermatitis. The most suspected allergen was a cosmetic which 59 pharmacists encountered. The second and third were, in that order, drugs (55) and plants (46), respectively. Ninety‐five of the 104 (91.3%) knew patch testing, and 28 of those (26.9%) had recommended it for patients; 28 of the 104 (21.2%) answered methodology of patch testing correctly.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that many patients with contact dermatitis visit pharmacies, and pharmacists play an important role for patients’ management. Although most pharmacists knew patch testing itself, its methodology was not correctly understood. For allergic contact dermatitis patients, it is important to identify the cause. Hence, we must enlighten pharmacists as to significance of patch testing.
Getting From ‘Me’ to ‘We’: Role Clarity, Team Process, and the Transition From Individual Knowledge to Shared Mental Models in Employee Dyads
Authors: Cassidy Scott A. , Stanley David J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractShared mental models are crucial for team functioning; however, little research to date has focussed on uncovering the predictors of shared mental models. The present study investigates the effect of role clarity on shared mental models by means of its indirect effects via team process. Two hundred and two undergraduate students participated in a dyadic firefighting simulation in which their role clarity, team process, and mental model similarity were measured. Analyses conducted at the dyadic level suggest that role clarity predicts mental model similarity via its effects on team process. Copyright © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Locally optimal designs for binary dose‐response models
Authors: Zhai Yi , Fang Zhide 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, we consider the problem of seeking locally optimal designs for nonlinear dose‐response models with binary outcomes. Applying the theory of Tchebycheff Systems and other algebraic tools, we show that the locallyD‐,A‐, andc‐optimal designs for three binary dose‐response models are minimally supported in finite, closed design intervals. The methods to obtain such designs are presented along with examples. The efficiencies of these designs are also discussed.The Canadian Journal of Statistics 46: 336–354; 2018 © 2018 Statistical Society of Canada
Nucleophilic Substitution (SN2): Dependence on Nucleophile, Leaving Group, Central Atom, Substituents, and Solvent
Authors: Hamlin Trevor A. , Swart Marcel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is contributed by the groups of Prof. Dr. Marcel Swart (Universitat de Girona and ICREA) and Prof. Dr. F. Matthias Bickelhaupt (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Radboud University). The image shows a schematic potential energy surface associated with an archetypal bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/cphc.201701363.
Enabling Generalized Coordination Numbers to Describe Strain Effects
Authors: Calle‐Vallejo Federico , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe world's growing energetic demand calls for efficient generation and interconversion of different types of energy. Heterogeneous catalysis can help cope with such demand, provided that rational, accurate and affordable design methods lead to the discovery of cost‐effective and efficient catalysts. Here we derive a simple descriptor to simultaneously capture two parameters commonly used in catalytic materials design: strain and coordination. We test the descriptor with four different adsorbates on four active sites of two metals, and applying strain in the range of ±3 %, usually observed experimentally at catalytic metal surfaces. Furthermore, we use the descriptor to illustrate catalyst design availing strain and nearest‐neighbor effects simultaneously for the oxygen reduction reaction, a reaction of high importance in fuel cells. The connection between coordination and strain helps in the search for robust yet rapid catalyst design methodologies.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in cervical cancer screening tests: A series of 8 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Elgert Paul A. , Yee‐Chang Melissa , Simsir Aylin 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous infection typically affecting over 50% of the US population by age 40. We report 8 cases of CMV infections detected in cervical cancer screening tests, the largest series of cases thus far reported in gynecologic cytology specimens.MethodsA retrospective review of our pathology archival computer database was performed from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2016 for CMV infections reported in cervical cytology specimens. The slides were retrieved for review if available.ResultsThe eight patients ranged in age from 21‐46 years, with a median age of 27 years and average age of 29.5 years. Two patients were significantly immunocompromised with one patient having AIDS and one patient diagnosed with autoimmune disease. The remaining six patients are considered immunocompetent. Cases were identified most often in the fall and winter months (6 of 8 cases). Seven cases were found using Surepath Pap (SP) liquid‐based processing and one case was reported in a classic Papanicolaou smear (CPS).ConclusionThere was no correlation of cytologic presentation of CMV with a distinct cytohormonal pattern or inflammatory constituents. Rare diagnostic cells with changes of CMV infection were seen in 75% of the cases. The presence of CMV did not usually result in adverse patient outcome, except where CMV was one of the multiple opportunistic infections detected in the patient with AIDS.
Estimating mortality rates among passerines caught for ringing with mist nets using data from previously ringed birds
Authors: Clewley Gary D. , Robinson Robert A. , Clark Jacquie A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMist netting is the most commonly used method for catching birds for scientific ringing, but despite decades of use, there have been few attempts to quantify the associated potential risks to the individuals caught. Any incidence of mortality through capture and handling, however low, is of potential ethical concern and may also introduce biases into the data. We estimate the mortality rate associated with capture of previously ringed (recaptured) passerines from the British and Irish Ringing Scheme (c. 1.5 million records) caught using mist nets. The importance of species, age, mass, month, time, previous captures, and an index of predator occurrence was tested using generalized linear mixed‐effects models. The average mortality rate was 0.0011, most of which was reported to occur before the individuals had been extracted from the nets (c. 70% of incidents). Juveniles appeared to be at higher risk and the incidence of predation from mist nets was seasonal, with increased risk during the winter. Species differed in their reported mortality rates with the apparent risk being greatest for Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita (0.0029) and Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula (0.0027). To improve our understanding (and hence minimize risk in future), we recommend collecting more complete data on incidences of mortality, and also injuries; exercising increased care when the species we have identified as being at greater risk are likely to be captured, and ensuring there are robust procedures for the checking of nets (as most reported incidents of mortality occur before handling). We also recommend that all Ringing Schemes should collate and make available data on capture‐related mortality. Overall rates of mortality associated with capture, although, were low and support the use of mist netting as a safe capture technique, without undue bias from mortality, when used by appropriately trained individuals.
Canopy bird assemblages are less influenced by habitat age and isolation than understory bird assemblages in Neotropical secondary forest
Authors: Bradfer‐Lawrence Tom , Gardner Nick , Dent Daisy H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSecondary forest habitats are increasingly recognized for their potential to conserve biodiversity in the tropics. However, the development of faunal assemblages in secondary forest systems varies according to habitat quality and species‐specific traits. In this study, we predicted that the recovery of bird assemblages is dependent on secondary forest age and level of isolation, the forest stratum examined, and the species’ traits of feeding guild and body mass. This study was undertaken in secondary forests in central Panama; spanning a chronosequence of 60‐, 90‐, and 120‐year‐old forests, and in neighboring old‐growth forest. To give equal attention to all forest strata, we employed a novel method that paired simultaneous surveys in canopy and understory. This survey method provides a more nuanced picture than ground‐based studies, which are biased toward understory assemblages. Bird reassembly varied according to both habitat age and isolation, although it was challenging to separate these effects, as the older sites were also more isolated than the younger sites. In combination, habitat age and isolation impacted understory birds more than canopy‐dwelling birds. Proportions of dietary guilds did not vary with habitat age, but were significantly different between strata. Body mass distributions were similar across forest ages for small‐bodied birds, but older forest supported more large‐bodied birds, probably due to control of poaching at these sites. Canopy assemblages were characterized by higher species richness, and greater variation in both dietary breadth and body mass, relative to understory assemblages. The results highlight that secondary forests may offer critical refugia for many bird species, particularly specialist canopy‐dwellers. However, understory bird species may be less able to adapt to novel and isolated habitats and should be the focus of conservation efforts encouraging bird colonization of secondary forests.