bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bearded sprangletop (Diplachne fusca ssp. fascicularis) flooding tolerance in California rice
Authors: Driver Katie E. , Al-Khatib Kassim , Godar Amar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBearded sprangletop is a problematic weed in California rice production. The objective of this research was to determine the response of two bearded sprangletop biotypes (clomazone-susceptible [S] and -resistant [R]) to flooding depth. A study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at the California Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, CA, to evaluate the flooding tolerance of the two biotypes against 5-, 10-, and 20-cm continuous flooding depths. Plant emergence, plant height, panicles per plant, seed per panicle, 100-seed weight, and seed per plant data were collected. At the 5-cm flood depth, neither biotype was controlled, and the R biotype had 260% more emergence, produced 475% more panicles per plant, and 455% more seed per plant than the S biotype. With a 10-cm flood, only the R biotype survived flooding and produced more panicles per plant and seed per plant than any other flood depth–biotype combination evaluated. There was no emergence of either bearded sprangletop biotype at the 20-cm flood depth. Continuous flooding can still be used as a management tool to control bearded sprangletop; however, the depth of flooding appears to limit emergence of S biotypes at 5 cm and R biotypes at 10 cm, and completely inhibits growth of both biotypes at 20 cm. The results of this study indicate that clomazone-resistant bearded sprangletop is more likely to spread throughout the Sacramento Valley because this biotype can survive clomazone applications and can tolerate a standard 10-cm flood.
Pangea and the Lower Mantle
Authors: Le Pichon Xavier , Şengör A. M. Celâl , İmren Caner 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe show that the peripheral Pangea subduction zone closely followed a polar great circle. We relate it to the band of faster‐than‐average velocities in lowermost mantle. Both structures have an axis of symmetry in the equatorial plane. Assuming geologically long‐term stationarity of the deep mantle structure, we propose to use the axis of symmetry of Pangea to define an absolute reference frame. This reference frame is close to the slab remnants and NNR frames of reference but disagrees with hot spot‐based frames. We apply this model to the last 400 Myr. We show that a hemispheric supercontinent appeared as early as 400 Ma. However, at 400 Ma, the axis of symmetry was situated quite far south and progressively migrated within the equatorial plane that it reached at 300 Ma. From 300 to 110–100 Ma, it maintained its position within the equatorial plane. We propose that the stationarity of Pangea within a single hemisphere surrounded by subduction zones led to thermal isolation of the underlying asthenosphere and consequent heating as well as a large accumulation of hot plume material. We discuss some important implications of our analysis concerning the proposition that the succession of supercontinents and dispersed continents is controlled by an alternation from a degree 1 to a degree 2 planform.
Preservation of Cyanobacterial UVR‐Shielding Pigment Scytonemin in Carbonate Ooids Formed in Pleistocene Salt Lakes in the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Yiliang , Li Long , He Hongping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe formation of ooids and their use as a proxy to trace biogeochemical cycles have long been controversial. Here, we examined three beds of evaporite‐cemented ooids in the Qaidam Basin, including a layer of dolomitic ooids formed at 293 ± 4 kyr and cemented by gypsum at 266 ± 3 kyr, a layer of aragonitic ooids formed at 163 ± 1 kyr and cemented by halite at 111 ± 0.8 kyr, and another layer of aragonitic ooids formed at 38 ± 0.5 kyr and cemented by gypsum at 23 ± 0.3 kyr. The Raman spectra of organic extracts from these ooids indicate ubiquitous preservation of scytonemin, a unique cyanobacterial ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐shielding pigment. This discovery suggests that ooids are capable of preserving biomarker from their depositional environment. Consequently, ooid may be used as a proxy for tracing biogeochemical processes and potentially applied to the search for life on Mars.
Radio Occultation Observations of the Solar Corona Over 1.60–1.86 R⊙: Faraday Rotation and Frequency Shift Analysis
Authors: Wexler David. B. , Hollweg Joseph V. , Efimov Anatoli I. , Song Paul , Jensen Elizabeth A. , Lionello Roberto , Vierinen Juha , Coster Anthea J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study of coronal energy transport, central to the solar wind acceleration problem, relies upon accurate representation of magnetic fields and plasma electron densities. This information is difficult to obtain in middle‐to‐lower coronal regions that may contain complex magnetic structures. Faraday rotation (FR) solar radio occultation observations, which reveal line‐of‐sight (LOS) integrated product of the coronal magnetic field and electron density, can help characterize the coronal environment and constrain magnetic field strengths. Global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models use specified synoptic solar surface magnetograms and may be used to facilitate FR interpretation by estimating detailed magnetic field properties along the radio LOS. We present a hybrid FR analysis incorporating magnetic field solutions from an MHD coronal model, and an electron density radial profile conforming to radio frequency shift observations. The FR modeled by the hybrid method is compared to MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging spacecraft radio FR observations through a coronal region of low heliolatitudes and radial distance 1.60–1.86 R⊙ from the heliocenter, collected during a state of relative solar quiescence. The hybrid model reasonably reproduces the form, polarity, and magnitude of the observed FR. For this specific coronal region, the calculated radial profile of electron concentrations and varied magnetic field strengths indicate Alfvén wave speeds below 50 km/s close to the point of closest approach but near 400 km/s in adjacent regions along the sounding LOS. The new approach of combining MHD models with radio sounding observations supports study of MHD wave processes in the challenging middle‐coronal magneto‐ionic environment.
Role of Bioroughness, Bioirrigation, and Turbulence on Oxygen Dynamics at the Sediment‐Water Interface
Authors: Liu Y. , Reible D. , Hussain F. , Fang H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractModels that have been developed to quantify the oxygen flux at the sediment‐water interface (SWI) generally do not explicitly consider the influence of bioroughness (mounds and burrows) and bioirrigation. We performed a numerical study of the influence of overlying water velocity, bioroughness, and bioirrigation on the oxygen flux across the SWI. We found that compared with a flat bed, bioroughness significantly increases O2transport at the SWI as a result of enhanced turbulence and pressure differences across the roughness. Bioirrigation can also enhance O2transport across the SWI by a factor of up to 10 when the roughness Reynolds number (Re*) is low, but the influence of bioirrigation decreases with increasingRe*. Burrows increase O2penetration depth, and bioirrigation causes asymmetric distributions of O2along burrows. Despite the complexity of O2distribution in sediments, the net exchange across the SWI can be described by the relationship of O'Connor and Harvey (2008,https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007160)when the shape is two‐dimensional or when the burrow density is low. When the burrow density is large, flow is three‐dimensional and flow interactions between burrows become important. Under these conditions the net exchange across the SWI increases by up to a factor of 4. A burrow number is introduced, Bu = [burrow density]1/2[burrow height], to correct the coefficient in O'Connor and Harvey's relationship, that is,a= 0.005 for Bu < 0.05 anda= 0.02 for Bu ≫ 0.1.
Traits of Autism Spectrum Disorder in School-Aged Children With Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison to Clinical Controls
Authors: Leef Jonathan H. , Brian Jessica , VanderLaan Doug P. , Wood Hayley , Scott Katreena , Lai Meng-Chuan , Bradley Susan J. , Zucker Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: Studies of children with gender dysphoria (GD) have reported an overrepresentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or traits. One limitation of these studies has been the absence of a concurrent comparison group of children referred for other clinical problems. The present study addressed this gap by comparing 61 children referred for GD with 40 children referred for other clinical concerns (age range, 4–12 years). Method: ASD caseness was measured in 2 ways: (a) a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) diagnosis of ASD or cut-off scores for caseness or (b) dimensionally on 2 standardized measures. Results: Children with GD had a higher proportion with a co-occurring DSM diagnosis of ASD and a higher proportion who met the criterion for caseness on the Social Communications Questionnaire than the clinical controls. In contrast, on the Social Responsiveness Scale, the 2 groups were similar with regard to caseness and traits of ASD. Conclusions: The results of our study showed evidence of both specificity and nonspecificity with regard to ASD traits and caseness. Future research can adopt the principle of multifinality to understand better why only a minority of children with GD have a co-occurring diagnosis of ASD, but the majority does not. Implications for Impact Statement The present study draws specific attention to the overrepresentation of autism spectrum disorder traits among children referred for gender dysphoria. Children with gender dysphoria should be screened for a possible autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, when warranted, receive a more comprehensive ASD diagnostic assessment to facilitate more holistic clinical care.
Flexible distributed feedback lasers based on nanoimprinted cellulose diacetate with efficient multiple wavelength lasing
Authors: Smirnov José R. Castro , Sousaraei Ahmad , Osorio Manuel R. , Casado Santiago , Hernández Jaime J. , Wu Longfei , Zhang Qi , Xia Ruidong , Granados Daniel , Wannemacher Reinhold , Rodriguez Isabel , Cabanillas-Gonzalez Juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere we present the assembly of novel transparent all-polymer distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Flexible and highly transparent cellulose diacetate (CdA) was employed as substrate on which gratings with different periods were engraved by thermal nanoimprinting with high fidelity. Highly luminescent conjugated polymers (CP), poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO), poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), and a blend of F8BT and poly(3-hexylthiophene)-poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (P3HT:F8BT) were deposited by spin coating onto the nanostructured plastic surfaces, giving rise to perpendicular single-mode lasing emission in the blue, green, and red wavelength ranges, respectively. These lasers show linewidths below 1 nm and low thresholds (≈6 μJcm−2 for blue and red lasing emission), comparable to other state-of-the-art lasers obtained from similar optical gain materials on rigid substrates. The followed strategy is scalable and versatile, enabling the development of large area nanoimprinted DFB lasers (>1cm2) on plastic, which is highly relevant for applications in various markets.
Investigating Effects of Typographic Variables on Webpage Reading Through Eye Movements
Authors: Scaltritti Michele , Miniukovich Aliaksei , Venuti Paola , Job Remo , De Angeli Antonella , Sulpizio Simone 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWebpage reading is ubiquitous in daily life. As Web technologies allow for a large variety of layouts and visual styles, the many formatting options may lead to poor design choices, including low readability. This research capitalizes on the existing readability guidelines for webpage design to outline several visuo-typographic variables and explore their effect on eye movements during webpage reading. Participants included children and adults, and for both groups typical readers and readers with dyslexia were considered. Actual webpages, rather than artificial ones, served as stimuli. This allowed to test multiple typographic variables in combination and in their typical ranges rather than in possibly unrealistic configurations. Several typographic variables displayed a significant effect on eye movements and reading performance. The effect was mostly homogeneous across the four groups, with a few exceptions. Beside supporting the notion that a few empirically-driven adjustments to the texts’ visual appearance can facilitate reading across different populations, the results also highlight the challenge of making digital texts accessible to readers with dyslexia. Theoretically, the results highlight the importance of low-level visual factors, corroborating the emphasis of recent psychological models on visual attention and crowding in reading.
Evaluation of permeability applicability based on continuum mechanics law in fluid flow through graphene membrane
Authors: Yamada Taro , Matsuzaki Ryosuke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGraphene is expected to be used in separation applications such as desalination. However, it is difficult to predict the flow phenomena at the nanoscale using the conventional continuum law. Particularly at a Knudsen number (Kn) of >0.1, which is applied in filtration, it has been reported that not even slip boundary conditions can be applied. In this study, to identify the parameters that affect the applicability of the continuum law, we conducted a fluid permeation simulation using graphene. The deviation of the permeability from that of the continuum model was calculated by changing the channel width, fluid temperature, and fluid type. The result showed that the channel width has the largest influence among the three factors, and that the magnitude of the divergence is sorted out based on the Knudsen number. Therefore, the permeability can be predicted even at the nanoscale where the continuum law cannot be applied.
MicroRNA-138 is a Prognostic Biomarker for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Promotes Tumorigenesis via TUSC2 repression
Authors: Nama Srikanth , Muhuri Manish , Di Pascale Federica , Quah Shan , Aswad Luay , Fullwood Melissa , Sampath Prabha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBreast cancer manifests as a spectrum of subtypes with distinct molecular signatures, and different responses to treatment. Of these subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognoses and limited therapeutic options. Here we report aberrant expression of microRNA-138 (miR-138) in TNBC. Increased miR-138 expression is highly specific to this subtype, correlates with poor prognosis in patients, and is functionally relevant to cancer progression. Our findings establish miR-138 as a specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for TNBC. OncomiR-138 is pro-survival; sequence-specific miR-138 inhibition blocks proliferation, promotes apoptosis and inhibits tumour growth in-vivo. miR-138 directly targets a suite of pro-apoptotic and tumour suppressive genes, including tumour suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2). miR-138 silences TUSC2 by binding to a unique 5′-UTR target-site, which overlaps with the translation start-site of the transcript. Over-expression of TUSC2 mimics the phenotype of miR-138 knockdown and functional rescue experiments confirm that TUSC2 is a direct downstream target of miR-138. Our report of miR-138 as an oncogenic driver in TNBC, positions it as a viable target for oligonucleotide therapeutics and we envision the potential value of using antimiR-138 as an adjuvant therapy to alleviate this therapeutically intractable cancer.
NH4+-N alleviates iron deficiency in rice seedlings under calcareous conditions
Authors: Zhang Xinjiang , Liu Hui , Zhang Shujie , Wang Juan , Wei Changzhou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDrip-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in calcareous soil exhibits signs of iron (Fe) deficiency. This study aimed to explore whether NH4+ alleviates Fe deficiency in rice seedlings grown under calcareous conditions. Two rice varieties (cv. ‘T43’ Fe deficiency-tolerant variety and cv. ‘T04’ Fe deficiency-sensitive variety) were used to carry out two independent experiments with exposure to different nitrogen (N) forms (nitrate (NO3−) or NH4+) under calcareous conditions. In experiment 1, plants were precultured in a nutrient solution with excess Fe (40 μM Fe(II)-EDTA) for 14 d and then supplied NO3−-N (NN) or NH4+-N (AN) without Fe for 3, 6, or 12 d. In experiment 2, plants were fed AN or NN with 10 µM Fe(II)-EDTA for 18 d. Compared to plants exposed to AN, leaves of plants exposed to NN showed severe chlorosis and significantly decreased chlorophyll content during Fe starvation. The xylem sap pH and cell wall Fe fraction in both shoots and roots of rice fed NN were significantly higher than those fed AN. However, the Fe concentration in xylem sap, soluble and organelle Fe fractions in both shoots and roots, and the shoot/root Fe content ratio in rice exposed to AN were significantly higher than those in plants exposed to NN. AN reduced the root aerenchyma fraction and root porosity compared to NN, which induced greater water uptake and hydraulic conductance by roots, hence the stronger xylem sap flow rate with AN. The results indicated that NH4+-N alleviated Fe deficiency in rice under calcareous conditions by promoting Fe re-allocation in rice tissues and Fe transportation from roots to shoots.
Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
Authors: Jiang Lu , Hua Yuan , Hu Gui-Lin , Hua Bao-Zhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInsects are the most diverse group of organisms in the world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In this paper, we investigated the correlations of habitat preferences and morphological traits in larval Panorpidae in the phylogenetic context to unravel the driving forces underlying the evolution of morphological traits. The results show that most anatomical features are shared by monophyletic groups and are synapomorphies. However, the phenotypes of body colorations are shared by paraphyletic assemblages, implying that they are adaptive characters. The larvae ofDicerapanorpaandCerapanorpaare epedaphic and are darkish dorsally as camouflage, and possess well-developed locomotory appendages as adaptations likely to avoid potential predators. On the contrary, the larvae ofNeopanorpaare euedaphic and are pale on their trunks, with shallow furrows, reduced antennae, shortened setae, flattened compound eyes on the head capsules, and short dorsal processes on the trunk. All these characters appear to be adaptations for the larvae to inhabit the soil. We suggest that habitat divergence has driven the morphological diversity between the epedaphic and euedaphic larvae, and may be partly responsible for the divergence of major clades within the Panorpidae.
Loss of CEACAM1 is associated with poor prognosis and peritoneal dissemination of patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Akihiro , Yokoyama Shozo , Nakamori Mikihito , Nakamura Masaki , Ojima Toshiyasu , Yamaguchi Shunsuke , Mitani Yasuyuki , Shively John E. , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCEACAM1 is associated with malignant potential of various cancers. The current study aims to clarify the association between carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression and malignant potential of gastric cancer and to address whether CEACAM1 cytoplasmic domain isoform balance modulates the properties of gastric cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analyses for CEACAM1 were performed in 235 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery. Risk factors for overall survival and peritoneal metastasis were calculated based on CEACAM1 expression in the gastric cancer tissue. Patients with CEACAM1 long (CEACAM1-L) or short (CEACAM1-S) cytoplasmic isoform dominance were compared with patients with null CEACAM1 expression in terms of overall survival. CEACAM1 transfected or knockdown gastric cancer cell line, NUGC3 and MKN7 cells, were examined by invasion assay and three dimensional (3D) culture, in order to clarify whether CEACAM1 modulate invasion, lumen formation and tumor growth of gastric cancer cells. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that gastric cancer without CEACAM1 is an independent prognostic factor and a risk factor for peritoneal dissemination. Patients with CEACAM1-S dominance had better prognosis than those with CEACAM1-L. CEACAM1-4L overexpression induced less invasion, more lumen formation, and less tumor growth of NUGC3 cells. CEACAM1-4S overexpression had less invasion and more lumen formations, but not less tumor growth. Knockdown of CEACAM1 expression had less invasion, but not less lumen formations of MKN7 cells. Loss of CEACAM1 is associated with poor prognosis and peritoneal dissemination of patients with gastric cancer. Expression of CEACAM1 in gastric cancer cells modulates invasiveness, lumen formation, and tumor growth.
Social and non-social autism symptoms and trait domains are genetically dissociable
Authors: Warrier Varun , Toro Roberto , Won Hyejung , Leblond Claire S. , Cliquet Freddy , Delorme Richard , De Witte Ward , Bralten Janita , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Børglum Anders D. , Grove Jakob , Poelmans Geert , Hinds David A. , Bourgeron Thomas , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe core diagnostic criteria for autism comprise two symptom domains – social and communication difficulties, and unusually repetitive and restricted behaviour, interests and activities. There is some evidence to suggest that these two domains are dissociable, though this hypothesis has not yet been tested using molecular genetics. We test this using a genome-wide association study (N = 51,564) of a non-social trait related to autism, systemising, defined as the drive to analyse and build systems. We demonstrate that systemising is heritable and genetically correlated with autism. In contrast, we do not identify significant genetic correlations between social autistic traits and systemising. Supporting this, polygenic scores for systemising are significantly and positively associated with restricted and repetitive behaviour but not with social difficulties in autistic individuals. These findings strongly suggest that the two core domains of autism are genetically dissociable, and point at how to fractionate the genetics of autism.