bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of fluorescence spectroscopy for rapid and noninvasive quality determination of yoghurt ice cream using chemometrics
Authors: Muhammad Niaz , Huma Nuzhat , Sahar Amna , Ahmad Muhammad Haseeb , Rahman Ubaid ur , Khan Muhammad Azam , Ishaq Anum 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the quality of yoghurt ice cream, prepared by adding different concentrations of yoghurt (10, 20, 30, 40, 50%). The addition of 50% of yoghurt showed the lowest pH and meltdown values, whereas the highest acidity and overrun rates were observed at the same concentration. Additionally, fluorescence spectra taken at varied emission and excitation ranges were preprocessed for baseline correction. The partial least square regression analysis on proposed excitation wavelengths (270 nm, 280 nm, 290 nm and 315 nm) showed effective prediction of various quality parameters of yoghurt ice cream.
Sustaining a long career in emergency medicine: Issues for emergency physicians of all ages
Authors: Holmes John L 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEmergency Medicine is a rewarding discipline but ‘burnout’ can be a problem that Emergency Physicians (EPs) wishing to sustain a long career should take steps to avoid. Particular issues affect those working in regional and remote areas where professional isolation and lack of support may potentially predispose to burnout. Issues specifically affecting senior EPs, especially cognitive and physical decline have largely been neglected. Allowances should be made for experienced EPs approaching retirement from clinical work but who may also still have much to offer.
Pearson marrow‐pancreas syndrome with cardiac conduction abnormality necessitating prophylactic pacemaker implantation
Authors: Jennifer Mats Steffi , Cortez Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPearson marrow‐pancreas syndrome (PS), an exceedingly rare mitochondrial disorder, involves multiple systems including hematologic system and pancreas. Other mitochondrial disorders have been associated with progressive infrahisian block but this has not yet been described as a major feature of PS. We report a 7‐year‐old girl with classical features of PS and cardiac conduction defect. Her electrocardiogram revealed QRS prolongation with right bundle and left anterior fascicular blocks. Follow‐up Holter revealed bifascicular block, alternating left and right bundle branch blocks, supraventricular tachycardia (with alternating bundles), and suspicion for nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. She underwent successful transvenous single‐chamber ventricular pacemaker.
Developmental bias in the fossil record
Authors: Jackson Illiam S. C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe role of developmental bias and plasticity in evolution is a central research interest in evolutionary biology. Studies of these concepts and related processes are usually conducted on extant systems and have seen limited investigation in the fossil record. Here, I identify plasticity‐led evolution (PLE) as a form of developmental bias accessible through scrutiny of paleontological material. I summarize the process of PLE and describe it in terms of the environmentally mediated accumulation and release of cryptic genetic variation. Given this structure, I then predict its manifestation in the fossil record, discuss its similarity to quantum evolution and punctuated equilibrium, and argue that these describe macroevolutionary patterns concordant with PLE. Finally, I suggest methods and directions towards providing evidence of PLE in the fossil record and conclude that such endeavors are likely to be highly rewarding.
Empirical Likelihood Approach for Aligning Information from Multiple Surveys
Authors: Berger Yves G. , Kabzińska Ewa 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWhen two surveys carried out separately in the same population have common variables, it might be desirable to adjust each survey's weights so that they give equal estimates for the common variables. This problem has been studied extensively and has often been referred to as alignment or numerical consistency. We develop a design‐based empirical likelihood approach for alignment and estimation of complex parameters defined by estimating equations. We focus on a general case when a single set of adjusted weights, which can be applied to both common and non‐common variables, is produced for each survey. The main contribution of the paper is to show that the impirical log‐likelihood ratio statistic is pivotal in the presence of alignment constraints. This pivotal statistic can be used to test hypotheses and derive confidence regions. Hence, the empirical likelihood approach proposed for alignment possesses the self‐normalisation property, under a design‐based approach. The proposed approach accommodates large sampling fractions, stratification and population level auxiliary information. It is particularly well suited for inference about small domains, when data are skewed. It includes implicit adjustments when the samples considerably differ in size. The confidence regions are constructed without the need for variance estimates, joint‐inclusion probabilities, linearisation and re‐sampling.
Understanding the Nature of Eco‐Leadership: A Mixed Methods Study of Leadership in Community Organizations
Authors: Kaufman Eric K. , Kennedy Rachael E. , Cletzer D. Adam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore and explain eco‐leadership in practice, specifically among community groups in Virginia’s New River Valley. This paper describes relationships between community groups’ leadership style and other factors while also highlighting an intricate mixed method design that ultimately led to a deep, rich understanding of these relationships. There were five research objectives: (1) Characterize the community groups’ leadership culture; (2) Assess each group’s cohesiveness; (3) Assess the groups’ community project involvement; (4) Determine if relationships exist between the variables; and (5) Highlight the role of mixed methods in the emergence of findings. The study has implications for carrying forward the concept of eco‐leadership in research and practice.
Functions and mechanisms of lysine crotonylation
Authors: Wan Junhu , Liu Hongyang , Chu Jie , Zhang Hongquan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLysine crotonylation is a newly discovered post‐translational modification, which is structurally and functionally different from the widely studied lysine acetylation. Recent advances in the identification and quantification of lysine crotonylation by mass spectrometry have revealed that non‐histone proteins are frequently crotonylated, implicating it in many biological processes through the regulation of chromatin remodelling, metabolism, cell cycle and cellular organization. In this review, we summarize the writers, erasers and readers of lysine crotonylation, and their physiological functions, including gene transcription, acute kidney injury, spermatogenesis, depression, telomere maintenance, HIV latency and cancer process. These findings not only point to the new functions for lysine crotonylation, but also highlight the mechanisms by which crotonylation regulates various cellular processes.
EU Policies and Populist Radical Right Parties' Programmatic Claims: Foreign Policy, Anti‐discrimination and the Single Market
Authors: Falkner Gerda , Plattner Georg 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn recent national elections and in those to the European Parliament, populist radical right parties (PRRPs) have gained many more votes than in previous decades. What could that mean, at least in the long run, for EU activities in such areas as for example, the internal market, defence and security and the fight against discrimination? Beyond these parties' general eurosceptical attitude, little is known about their agreed plans for specific EU policies. Therefore, we have collected and analysed their programmatic statements. In this article we discuss how coherent or incoherent the demands of different PRRPs in the EU actually are, in terms of comparing their policies. How much do they agree or disagree when it comes to reforming EU policies?
A return to reasonableness and virtue in medical epistemology
Authors: Ghinea Narcyz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe foundationalist and anti‐foundationalist conceptions of medical knowledge have been at loggerheads for decades. Evidence‐based medicine (EBM), the most prominent form of foundationalism, has attained wide appeal and acceptance among authorities. It proposes that evidence is the “base” upon which all clinical decisions should be grounded. Others have countered that the clinical encounter is far too complex for a singular base, and the different factors that impose on a clinical decision cannot be neatly and permanently ranked a priori. By its very nature, this anti‐foundationalist outlook has resisted simplistic description, which is perhaps the reason it has not been as popular. In this paper, I provide a survey of the foundationalist and anti‐foundationalist debate in medicine and defend anti‐foundationalism on the basis that foundationalist approaches are anachronistic, and in the case of evidence‐based medicine ultimately confuses inputs (evidence) for consideration in making a judgement with outputs (conclusions). I further propose that virtue ethics is inseparable from anti‐foundationalism and conclude that the current infatuation with EBM implies something rather troubling; that physicians cannot be trusted to utilize their extensive training and skills to make reasonable decisions in the best interests of their patients. If this is in fact true, it suggests a crisis in virtue amongst medical professionals.
Dielectric barrier discharge cold atmospheric plasma: Bacterial inactivation mechanism
Authors: Olatunde Oladipupo Odunayo , Benjakul Soottawat , Vongkamjan Kitiya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms of inactivation against Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Gram‐positive bacteria (GPB) involving Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, by dielectric barrier discharge cold atmospheric plasma were elucidated. Both GNB and GPB were exposed to treatment with cold plasma produced from argon/oxygen mixture (90:10) as the working gas for different treatment times (1, 2.5, and 5 min). Survival counts were reduced with augmenting treatment time (TT; p < .05). All tested bacteria were not detected after TT of 5 min. There was an irreversible poration in cell wall of GNB. Meanwhile, GPB were partially shrunken after TT of 5 min. Therefore, irreversible cell wall damage, oxidation, and release of intracellular compounds including lipids, proteins and DNA were the proposed mode of action of cold plasma against GNB, whereas, oxidation and release of intracellular components played a major role in GPB.Practical applicationsThis current research provides background knowledge about the bacterial inactivation efficacy of cold plasma, which could be used as a nonthermal technology for assuring food safety and for extending the shelf‐life of food.
Challenging the myth of the attrition of empathy in paediatrics residents
Authors: Rawal Surabhi , Strahlendorf Caron , Nimmon Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractContextEmpathy is vital to the physician–patient relationship. It promotes patient compliance and increases treatment efficacy. Studies evaluating the loss of empathy as residents advance through training curricula have generated inconsistent claims. Those considering diverse resident populations have supported a decline, whereas the few studies focused on paediatrics note stable empathy scores during training, which, indeed, exceed those of the general population. To better understand the issue as it pertains to paediatrics trainees, this study aimed to explore the state, and map a trajectory, of empathy in paediatrics residents, to identify factors influencing the learning and retention of empathy.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study was conducted at an urban children's hospital in Canada. A total of 10 participants were recruited for semi‐structured interviews via a purposeful sampling strategy. The institutional research ethics board approved the project.ResultsSenior residents (R3 and R4) reported increased empathy, attributable to greater knowledge regarding paediatric illnesses, according them a fuller sense of the impact on families. Challenges to sustained empathy correlated with published literature: time constraints, compassion fatigue and burnout with poor coping, and the hidden curriculum. Empathy was learned from peers, preceptors and other health care providers. Resident resilience, borne out of personal adversity, was protective against the loss of empathy. Residents advocated for increased autonomy and responsibility for patient care, and increased exposure to longitudinal care, including the patient's social context and home life, to increase resident empathy.ConclusionsCurriculum development committees could consider the inclusion of these encounters and experiences in residency training, although similar descriptive research in other specialty contexts would be needed to refine understanding.
Nicotiana benthamiana phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase type II regulates chilli leaf curl virus pathogenesis
Authors: Mansi  , Kushwaha Nirbhay Kumar , Singh Ashish Kumar , Karim Mir Jishan , Chakraborty Supriya 
Published: September 2019

SummaryGeminiviruses are single‐stranded DNA viruses that can cause significant losses in economically important crops. In recent years, the role of different kinases in geminivirus pathogenesis has been emphasized. Although geminiviruses use several host kinases, the role of phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase (PI4K) remains obscure. We isolated and characterized phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase type II from Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPI4KII) which interacts with the replication initiator protein (Rep) of a geminivirus, chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). NbPI4KII‐mGFP was localized into cytoplasm, nucleus or both. NbPI4KII‐mGFP was also found to be associated with the cytoplasmic endomembrane systems in the presence of ChiLCV. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Rep protein directly interacts with NbPI4KII protein and influenced nuclear occurrence of NbPI4KII. The results obtained in the present study revealed that NbPI4KII is a functional protein kinase lacking lipid kinase activity. Downregulation of NbPI4KII expression negatively affects ChiLCV pathogenesis in N. benthamiana. In summary, NbPI4KII is a susceptible factor, which is required by ChiLCV for pathogenesis.
Different types of parental stress and childhood obesity: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Jang Myoungock , Owen Brenda , Lauver Diane R. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryDifferent types of parental stress may influence children's health behaviors and weight. The aim of this review was to systematically examine the relationships between parental stress and child obesity. We reviewed 27 studies published through December 2018 and classified parental stress as parents' general stress, parenting role stress, and life event stress. There were positive relationships of parents' general stress and parenting role stress with child obesity among families with younger children and in longitudinal studies. The relationship between life event stress and child obesity differed by measures. We found that parenting role stress may be associated with unhealthy parenting practices. Contextual factors such as children's and parents' sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure appeared to play a moderating role in the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity, which warrant cautious interpretation. Our recommendations for future research include clarifying further the types of parental stress that influence child obesity, evaluating long‐term relationship between parental stress and child obesity, and identifying possible mediating factors to support the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity. Researchers may also consider developing stress management programs for parents to address child obesity.
Testimonial hinges
Authors: Coliva Annalisa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe paper presents an extension of the kind of hinge epistemology proposed in Extended Rationality. A Hinge Epistemology (Coliva 2015) to the case of testimonial justification. This extension stems naturally from a reinterpretation of the classic dispute between reductionists and anti‐reductionists with respect to testimonial justification. The interesting and novel aspect of that reinterpretation is that it brings to light the deep analogy between that classic dispute and the contemporary debate between so‐called “liberals” and “conservatives” with respect to the structure of perceptual justification. The paper first presents the reinterpretation; it subsequently proposes the extension of hinge epistemology to the case of testimonial justification; it then turns to a detailed discussion of the exact “hinges” testimonial justification is taken to depend on, and closes by considering some possible objections.
Knowledge‐first functionalism
Authors: Simion Mona 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper has two aims. The first is critical: I identify a set of normative desiderata for accounts of justified belief and I argue that prominent knowledge first views have difficulties meeting them. Second, I argue that my preferred account, knowledge first functionalism, is preferable to its extant competitors on normative grounds. This account takes epistemically justified belief to be belief generated by properly functioning cognitive processes that have generating knowledge as their epistemic function.
Urban Transformations and Land Governance in Peri‐Urban Khartoum: The Case of Soba
Authors: Steel Griet , Abukashawa Salaheldin , Hussein Mohamed Osman 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe New Urban Agenda and SDG 11 promote inclusive urban development, but limited empirical knowledge exists on how such global rhetoric plays out on the ground. This paper contributes to the inclusive city debate by focusing on the case of Soba, a peri‐urban area at the fringes of the capital of Sudan. Based on an explorative study of secondary material, semi‐structured interviews and structured observations it aims to systematically analyse the dynamics of peri‐urban development. Findings show how the rising pressure on land results in commoditisation, (informal) land‐use changes and a multitude of other land transformations. The paper concludes that the mismatch of urban land policies has resulted in increasing fragmentation of urban space and socio‐spatial discrepancies between those who can afford to buy land or transform it into urban uses and those who cannot. It sheds fresh light on the challenges of the inclusive urban transition agenda.
Children Who Are Overweight Display Altered Vertical Jump Kinematics and Kinetics From Children Who Are Not Overweight
Authors: Cowley Jeffrey C. , McCaw Steven T. , Laurson Kelly R. , Torry Michael R. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: Children who are overweight typically do not perform motor skills as well as normal-weight peers. This study examined whether vertical jump kinetics and kinematics of children who are overweight differ from nonoverweight peers. Methods: Thirty-nine children completed maximum-effort countermovement vertical jumps. Motion capture was used to complete lower extremity kinematic and kinetic analyses. Results: The overweight group (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile; N = 11; age = 6.5 [1.6] y) jumped lower relative to their mass (0.381 cm/kg lower; P < .001) than normal-weight peers (N = 28; age = 6.4 [1.7] y). Compared with children who are normal weight, children who were overweight exhibited a shallower countermovement (knee: 12° less flexion, P = .02; hip: 10° less flexion, P = .045), lower hip torque (0.06 N·m/kg lower, P = .01) and hip work (40% less work, P = .01), and earlier peak joint angular velocities (knee: 9 ms earlier, P = .001; hip: 14 ms earlier, P = .004). Conclusion: Children who are overweight do not achieve optimal jumping mechanics and exhibit jumping characteristics of an earlier developmental stage compared with their peers. Interventions should help children who are overweight learn to execute a proper countermovement.
Effects of combustor geometry on the combustion process of an RBCC combustor in high-speed ejector mode
Authors: Wang Taiyu , Wang Zhenguo , Cai Zun , Chen Jian , Sun Mingbo , Dong Zeyu , An Bin 
Published: September 2019

The combustion characteristics of high-speed ejector mode in a 2-dimensional strut-based RBCC (rocket-based combined cycle) combustor had been investigated numerically in a Mach 2.5 supersonic flow. The numerical approach had been validated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data. Besides, three different hydrogen-air chemical reaction mechanisms had also been compared. The effect of the combustor geometry on the combustion process was then discussed by analyzing the heat release distribution and flow field. It was found that the wall configuration, closeout angle of the converging location and converging ratio all have significant influences on the heat release distribution and flow field structures. It is demonstrated that a converging–diverging wall configuration is beneficial for the combustion process with significant heat release increase compared to the other wall configurations. In addition, the closeout angle of the converging location is also closely related to the combustion performance, and there exists an optimized closeout angle in a specific combustor geometry. It is also revealed that the major heat release region moves upstream obviously with increase in the converging ratio, leading to an enhanced combustion process. However, the converging ratio is still to be optimized to keep a balance between heat release increase and total pressure loss of the supersonic flow.
Reliability of revised scoring methods for the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test with adults following stroke: Preliminary findings
Authors: Stone Andrew , Cooke Deirdre , Morton Deborah , Steele Michael 
Published: September 2019

Introduction The Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test is a brief screening tool following stroke to assess for unilateral spatial neglect. This assessment takes under five minutes to administer, but scoring using the guidelines of the original authors is lengthy and complex. This study examined the interrater, intrarater, and test–retest reliability of the test using both a brief and detailed method of scoring developed for this study that are more readily used in the clinical setting. Method Fifteen participants following stroke were assessed using the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test. Assessments were scored by four occupational therapists on two separate occasions using both the brief and detailed scoring method developed for this study. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients obtained for interrater reliability for the brief scoring method ranged from .89 to 1, and from .82 to .95 for the detailed method. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intrarater reliability ranged from .82 to 1 for the brief method and from .72 to .99 for the detailed method. Strong agreement was observed between first and second assessments in most situations for test–retest reliability. Conclusion Preliminary exploration of the revised scoring methods for the Schenkenberg Line Bisection Test demonstrate high reliability and that scoring can be completed relatively quickly in clinical practice.