bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distant metastasis due to heavily pigmented epithelioid melanoma with underlying BRAF V600E, NOTCH1, ERBB3, and PTEN mutations
Authors: Motaparthi Kiran , George Eva V. , Guo Ruifeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPigment‐synthesizing melanoma (PSM) describes a morphologically and genetically diverse group of melanomas. In contrast, pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) encompasses a spectrum of indolent tumors now classified as borderline/intermediate melanocytic tumors. Herein, we report a case of widely metastatic heavily pigmented epithelioid melanoma with fatal outcome in a 36‐year‐old woman. Next‐generation sequencing identified somatic (tumoral) mutations in BRAF V600E, PTEN, NOTCH1, and ERBB3. By contrast, GNAQ and GNA11 were wild type. Prkar1α and p16 expression were maintained. Identification of mutations in NOTCH1 and ERBB3 may support the diagnosis of heavily pigmented epithelioid melanoma. In contrast, PRKCA fusion genes and PRKAR1A mutations support the diagnosis of PEM. Given the heterogeneity, potential overlap (loss of Prkar1α expression), and evolving genetic profiles of these two distinct groups of tumors, careful appraisal of molecular profiles in the light of histomorphology and clinical history is necessary for distinction between PEM and PSMs including heavily pigmented epithelioid melanomas, with significant potential impact on prognosis and therapy.
Iron oxides selectively stabilize plant‐derived polysaccharides and aliphatic compounds in agricultural soils
Authors: Wan Dan , Ye Tinghong , Lu Yong , Chen Wenli , Cai Peng , Huang Qiaoyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA strong link exists between iron oxides and soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the role of iron oxides in the preservation of SOC in agricultural soil remains poorly understood. In this study, we comprehensively examined the concentration, molecular composition and biological sources of iron oxide‐bound organic carbon (Fe‐bound OC) in arable soils collected from 12 sites in central and east China. The results indicated that 6.2–31.2% of the SOC was bound to iron oxides in agricultural soil and that the binding mechanisms varied from adsorption in most soils to coprecipitation in those with a large content of organic carbon. The distribution of Fe‐bound OC showed no clear variation in relation to site, but Fe‐bound OC reached a peak in soils with an annual mean temperature of 16.4°C. Correlation analysis demonstrated that TOC might be the main determinant for the amount of Fe‐bound OC and that the binding mechanism is influenced by both TOC and the active Fe ratio. Comprehensive studies of C/N, 13C isotope and synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared (SR‐FTIR) spectroscopy showed that iron oxides selectively protected plant‐derived aliphatic compounds and polysaccharides in agricultural soil. This study revealed the quantitative characterization, biological sources and molecular composition of Fe‐bound OC in arable soils, which provides useful information for evaluating and managing the global C cycle under the framework of climate change.
Prediction of postpartum depression using machine learning techniques from social media text
Authors: Fatima Iram , Abbasi Burhan Ud Din , Khan Sharifullah , Al‐Saeed Majed , Ahmad Hafiz Farooq , Mumtaz Rafia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEarly screening of mental disorders plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment. This study explores how data‐driven methods can leverage the information available on social media platforms to predict postpartum depression (PPD). A generalized approach is proposed where linguistic features are extracted from user‐generated textual posts on social media and categorized as general, depressive, and PPD representative using multiple machine learning techniques. We find that techniques used in our study exhibit strong predictive capabilities for PPD content. Holdout validation showed that multilayer perceptron outperformed other techniques such as support vector machine and logistic regression used in this study with 91.7% accuracy for depressive content identification and up to 86.9% accuracy for PPD content prediction. This work adopts a hierarchical approach to predict PPD. Therefore, the reported PPD accuracy represents the performance of the model to correctly classify PPD content from non‐PPD depressive content.
Shrub persistence and increased grass mortality in response to drought in dryland systems
Authors: Winkler Daniel E. , Belnap Jayne , Hoover David , Reed Sasha C. , Duniway Michael C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDroughts in the southwest United States have led to major forest and grassland die‐off events in recent decades, suggesting plant community and ecosystem shifts are imminent as native perennial grass populations are replaced by shrub‐ and invasive plant‐dominated systems. These patterns are similar to those observed in arid and semiarid systems around the globe, but our ability to predict which species will experience increased drought‐induced mortality in response to climate change remains limited. We investigated meteorological drought‐induced mortality of nine dominant plant species in the Colorado Plateau Desert by experimentally imposing a year‐round 35% precipitation reduction for eight continuous years. We distributed experimental plots across numerous plant, soil, and parent material types, resulting in 40 distinct sites across a 4,500 km2region of the Colorado Plateau Desert. For all 8 years, we tracked c. 400 individual plants and evaluated mortality responses to treatments within and across species, and through time. We also examined the influence of abiotic and biotic site factors in driving mortality responses. Overall, high mortality trends were driven by dominant grass species, includingAchnatherum hymenoides,Pleuraphis jamesii, andSporobolus cryptandrus. Responses varied widely from year to year and dominant shrub species were generally resistant to meteorological drought, likely due to their ability to access deeper soil water. Importantly, mortality increased in the presence of invasive species regardless of treatment, and native plant die‐off occurred even under ambient conditions, suggesting that recent climate changes are already negatively impacting dominant species in these systems. Results from this long‐term drought experiment suggest major shifts in community composition and, as a result, ecosystem function. Patterns also show that, across multiple soil and plant community types, native perennial grass species may be replaced by shrubs and invasive annuals in the Colorado Plateau Desert.
Analysis of Transient Flow to an Extended Fully Penetrating Well at Constant‐Head Pumping
Authors: Jhuang Wei‐Hao , Fen Chiu‐Shia , Shen Yu‐Te , Yeh Hund‐Der 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVertical wells with radial extension at the well bottom can improve the rate of water production. No study has yet investigated the effects of the transient state and anisotropy in directional hydraulic conductivities on the wellbore flux rate for this type of well. This study derives a semianalytical transient drawdown solution for constant‐head pumping at a fully penetrating well radially extended at the bottom of a confined, anisotropic aquifer by applying Laplace transform and separation of variables as well as conducting a Fourier analysis. The results of this new solution indicate that transient and steady‐state wellbore flux rates can be increased by a factor of two for greater radial extension of the well. Compared with an isotropic aquifer (a ratio of vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivities equal to one), an anisotropic aquifer with the ratio less than one may produce a higher transient wellbore flux rate and lower steady‐state wellbore flux rate. Moreover, the time required to achieve the steady‐state wellbore flux rate can be substantially affected by anisotropy of the aquifer.
Retreatability of two hydraulic calcium silicate‐based root canal sealers using rotary instrumentation with supplementary irrigant agitation protocols: a laboratory‐based micro‐computed tomographic analysis
Authors: Pedullà E. , Abiad R. S. , Conte G. , Khan K. , Lazaridis K. , Rapisarda E. , Neelakantan P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the retreatability of two calcium silicate‐based materials (BioRoot RCS, Septodont, Saint–Maur‐des‐Fossés, France and GuttaFlow Bioseal, Colténe/Whaledent AG, Langenau, Germany) using rotary instrumentation combined with supplementary irrigant agitation techniques using extracted teeth in a laboratory setting.MethodologyThe root canals of extracted single‐rooted mandibular premolars were prepared to size 40, .04 taper and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 36) depending on the root filling material. Root canals were filled with gutta‐percha and GuttaFlow Bioseal (GB, group 1) or BioRoot RCS (BR, group 2), scanned using a micro‐CT scanner and stored in phosphate‐buffered saline for 4 months. Removal of root filling was performed with rotary instruments, and specimens were randomly allocated to one of the subgroups for supplementary irrigant agitation (n = 12): subgroup A, syringe irrigation (control); subgroup B, Tornado Brush (M.I.B, Suresnes, France) and subgroup C, ultrasonically activated irrigation. Specimens were re‐scanned with micro‐CT to calculate the volume of remnant root filling material. Data were analysed statistically by two‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's tests (P = 0.05).ResultsSpecimens filled with GuttaFlow Bioseal were associated with a significantly smaller volume of root filling remnants compared with BioRoot RCS (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the supplementary irrigant agitation subgroups in the removal of GB (P > 0.05). In group 2 (BioRoot RCS), subgroups B (Tornado Brush) and C (ultrasonically activated irrigation) were associated with a significantly smaller volume of root filling remnants compared with subgroup A (syringe irrigation) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between subgroups B and C (P > 0.05).ConclusionsSignificantly smaller volumes of root filling remnants of GuttaFlow Bioseal, than BioRoot RCS, were present after their removal with rotary instruments and irrigation. Supplementary irrigant agitation techniques were associated with smaller volumes of remnants during the removal of BioRoot RCS but not that of GuttaFlow Bioseal.
Physicochemical properties and bioactive function of Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) pomace insoluble dietary fibre modified by ball milling and complex enzyme treatment
Authors: Yang Bing , Wu Qunjun , Song Xue , Yang Qiong , Kan Jianquan 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe study investigated the effects of ball milling and enzymolysis on the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and bioactive function of Hovenia dulcis pomace insoluble dietary fibre (HIDF). Ball milling and enzymolysis effectively decreased the particle size and zeta potential of HIDF. The swelling power (SP), water solubility index (WSI) and apparent viscosity of HIDF were effectively enhanced (P < 0.05) after ball milling and enzymolysis. Scanning electron microscopy detection showed that the surface and internal structures of HIDF were destructed by the modified treatment. Ball milling and enzymolysis treatment disrupted the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and crystalline structure of HIDF per Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the inhibition rate of HIDF on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase was significantly increased by modification. All HIDF significantly improved the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemic mice, with the modified IDF providing a stronger effect.
Light exposure and wounding: synergistic effects on steroidal glycoalkaloid accumulation in potato tubers during storage
Authors: Nie Xuheng , Li Caixia , Zhang Guanghai , Shao Zhiling , Wang Xin , Shi Han , Guo Huachun 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPotato tubers contain undesirable steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), which have evoked global concern in terms of feed and food safety due to their toxic effects in humans. The cultivar Unica was exposed to a combination of light and wounding. SGA content among different tissues was analysed. Our results showed that SGA contents of tubers subjected to light was higher than that of intact tubers stored in darkness, and SGA content in the skin varied with time; however, SGA content in the flesh remained stable at a relatively low level. SGA content in the wound was higher than that of intact tubers. Importantly, light and wounding were shown to have synergistic effects on SGA content in the tuber, which only influenced SGA content within approximately 3 mm of the wound surface. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable and safe consumption of potatoes.
Investigation of round goby viral haemorrhagic septicaemia outbreak in New York
Authors: Getchell Rodman G. , First Erika J. , Bogdanowicz Steven M. , Andrés Jose A. , Schulman Adam T. , Kramer Jordan , Eckerlin Geofrey E. , Farrell John M. , Marquis Hélène 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEleven viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb isolates were sequenced, and their genetic variation explored to determine the source of a VHS outbreak on the eastern shore of Cayuga Lake. An active fish kill of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas) was intensively sampled at King Ferry, NY and nearby Long Point State Park in May 2017. Gross lesions observed on 67 moribund round gobies and two rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris, Rafinesque) included moderately haemorrhagic internal organs and erythematous areas on the head, flank, and fins. RT‐qPCR tests for VHSV were positive for all 69 fish. Viral isolation on epithelioma papulosum cyprinid cells showed cytopathic effect characteristic of VHSV for six round goby samples from King Ferry. The complete nucleotide sequence of the VHSV IVb genomes of five Cayuga Lake round goby isolates were derived on an Illumina platform along with 2017 VHSV IVb isolates from round gobies collected from the following: Lake Erie near Dunkirk, NY; the St. Lawrence River near Clayton and Cape Vincent, NY; and Lake St. Lawrence near Massena, NY. The phylogenetic tree created from these aligned sequences and four other complete VHSV IVb genomes shows Cayuga Lake isolates are closely related to the Lake Erie isolates.
Mechanical collision simulation of potato tubers
Authors: Celik Huseyin Kursat , Cinar Recep , Yilmaz Deniz , Ulmeanu Mihaela‐Elena , Rennie Allan E. W. , Akinci Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation on internal stress progression and the explicit dynamics simulation of the bruising behavior of potato tubers under dynamic mechanical collision. Physical measurements, mechanical tests, advanced solid modeling, and engineering simulation techniques were utilized in the study. The tuber samples used in the simulation were reverse engineered and finite element analysis (FEA) was set up to simulate the collision‐based bruising behavior of the potato tubers. The total number of identical tuber models used in the simulation was 17. The numerical data of the FEA results revealed useful stress distribution and mechanical behavior visuals. These results are presented in a frame that can be used to describe bruise susceptibility value on potato‐like agricultural crops. The modulus of elasticity was calculated from compression test data as 3.12 MPa. Structural stresses of 1.40 and 3.13 MPa on the impacting (hitting) and impacted (hit) tubers (respectively) were obtained. These stress values indicate that bruising is likely to occur on the tubers. This research paper provides a useful how‐to‐do strategy to further research on complicated bruising investigations of solid‐like agricultural products through advanced engineering simulation techniques.Practical applicationsThis research aims to simulate realistic dynamic deformation of potato tubers during mechanical collision, which is very hard to achieve through physical or analytical expressions. This is attractive because related food processing industries have shown their interest in determining the physical properties and bruising behavior of food/agricultural products using experimental, numerical, and engineering simulation methods so that it can be used in their food processing technology. Very limited data have been found available in the literature about the subject of FEM‐based explicit dynamics simulation of solid‐like agricultural crops such as the self‐collision case of potato tubers (which is very important for indoor or outdoor potato processing). Comparative investigations on determination of modulus of elasticity are very limited as well. Most of the research focused on single calculation theory and linear static loading assumption‐based FEM simulation solutions. Here, we report a “how‐to‐do” case study for dynamic self‐collision simulation of potato tubers.
Treatment of atherosclerotic plaque: perspectives on theranostics
Authors: Zhang Yicong , Koradia Aayushi , Kamato Danielle , Popat Amirali , Little Peter J , Ta Hang T 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Atherosclerosis, a progressive condition characterised by the build-up of plaque due to the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein and fibrous substances in the damaged arteries, is the major underlying pathology of most cardiovascular diseases. Despite the evidence of the efficacy of the present treatments for atherosclerosis, the complex and poorly understood underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis development and progression have prevented them from reaching their full potential. Novel alternative treatments like usage of nanomedicines and theranostics are gaining attention of the researchers worldwide. This review will briefly discuss the current medications for the disease and explore potential future developments based on theranostics nanomaterials that may help resolve atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Key findings
Various drugs can slow the effects of atherosclerosis. They include hyperlipidaemia medications, anti-platelet drugs, hypertension and hyperglycaemia medications. Most of the theranostic agents developed for atherosclerosis have shown the feasibility of rapid and noninvasive diagnosis, as well as effective and specific treatment in animal models. However, there are still some limitation exist in their structure design, stability, targeting efficacy, toxicity and production, which should be optimized in order to develop clinically acceptable nanoparticle based theronostics for atherosclerosis.

Summary
Current medications for atherosclerosis and potential theranostic nanomaterials developed for the disease are discussed in the current review. Further investigations remain to be carried out to achieve clinical translation of theranostic agents for atherosclerosis.
A natural diarylheptanoid protects cortical neurons against oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Shi Qiaoyun , Zhang Qinghua , Peng Yinghui , Zhang Xiaoqi , Wang Ying , Shi Lei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of curcumin analogues, 7-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-4E-hepten-3-one (AO-2) on oxygen–glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) induced injury in cortical neurons, which is a widely accepted in-vitro model for ischaemic reperfusion.

Methods
In this study, AO-2 was added to cortical neurons for 2 h as pretreatment, and then cortical neurons were subjected to OGD/R in the presence of AO-2 for 4 h. Cell viability was tested by 2′, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry and Live & Dead cell assay. Western blot analysis detected the change in AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway.

Key findings
Treatment of AO-2 increased cell survival of OGD/R-treated cortical neurons. Transient AKT/mTOR inhibition, induction of the autophagy marker LC3-II (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate), and cleavage of the apoptosis marker Caspase-3 were observed at different stages of OGD/R, and AO-2 reversed all three events. Importantly, treatment of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin blocked the neuroprotective effects of AO-2 on reducing LC3-II and cleaved Caspase-3 expression and cancelled AO-2-mediated neuronal survival.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that AO-2 increases resistance of cortical neurons to OGD/R by decreasing autophagy and cell apoptosis, which involves an mTOR-dependent mechanism.
Colonic impaction in dogs: a retrospective study of 58 cases (1996 to 2014)
Authors: Tzimtzimis E. , Papazoglou L. , Patsikas M. , Tsioli V. , Kouti V. , Konstantinidis A. , Rallis T. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical findings, management and outcome of colonic impaction in dogs and report the effectiveness of medical treatment.Materials and MethodsCase records of 58 dogs with colonic impaction were reviewed. Telephone contact with the owners was used to obtain long‐term outcome.ResultsTwenty‐nine dogs (50%) were mixed‐breed, and 45 (78%) were entire males. Median age at presentation was 7 years, and median bodyweight was 22 kg. The degree of radiographic colonic distension did not appear to be related to long‐term outcome. Fifty‐five dogs (95%) received medical treatment including enemas alone, hyperosmotic and/or bulk‐forming and/or lubricant laxatives, enemas combined with laxatives or enemas and/or laxatives combined with manual evacuation of faecal material under anaesthesia. Median survival time of the 58 dogs was 2 years. Overall, 36 of 41 dogs with available long‐term follow‐up had a favourable outcome.Clinical SignificanceMedical treatment of colonic impaction in dogs with a single agent or a combination of agents has a high success rate. Marked colonic dilation is not necessarily indicative of megacolon in dogs.
Rapid eye movements are reduced in blind individuals
Authors: Christensen Julie A. E. , Aubin Sébrina , Nielsen Tore , Ptito Maurice , Kupers Ron , Jennum Poul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is ongoing controversy regarding the role of rapid eye movements (EMs) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. One prevailing hypothesis is that EMs during REM sleep are indicative of the presence of visual imagery in dreams. We tested the validity of this hypothesis by measuring EMs in blind subjects and correlating these with visual dream content. Eleven blind subjects, of whom five were congenitally blind (CB) and six late blind (LB), and 11 matched sighted control (SC) subjects participated in this study. All participants underwent full‐night polysomnography (PSG) recordings that were staged manually following American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. Nocturnal EMs were detected automatically using a validated EM detector, and EM activity was represented as “EM coverage” computed as percentage of time with EM in each sleep stage. Frequency of sensory dream elements was measured in dream recall questionnaires over a 30‐day period. Both blind groups showed less EM coverage during wakefulness, N1, N2 and REM sleep than did controls. CB and LB subjects did not differ in EM activity. Validation of the detector applied to blind subjects revealed an overall accuracy of 95.6 ± 3.6%. Analysis of dream reports revealed that LB subjects reported significantly more visual dream elements than did CB. Although no specific mechanisms can be revealed in the current study, the quasi absence of nocturnal EMs in LB subjects despite preserved visual dream content does not support the visual scanning of dreams hypothesis. Specifically, results suggest a dissociation between EMs and visual dream content in blind individuals.