bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of diabetic foot ulcers among general practitioners in four European countries: knowledge, skills and urgency
Authors: Garcia-Klepzig José Luis , Sánchez-Ríos Juan Pedro , Manu Chris , Ahluwalia Raju , Lüdemann Claas , Meloni Marco , Lacopi Elisabetta , De Buruaga Víctor Rodriguez-Saenz , Bouillet Benjamin , Vouillarmet Julien , Lázaro-Martinez Jose Luis , Van Acker Kristien 
Published: May 2018

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) have the potential to deteriorate rapidly, in the absence of prompt assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse the awareness and perception of DFU among general practitioners (GPs) from four European countries, and to find possible differences between these countries in terms of management. Method: A two-part, quantitative, online questionnaire was distributed to GPs across four countries in Europe—the UK, France, Germany and Spain. The first part entailed a survey on the perception and knowledge of the pathogenesis and management of DFU, among GPs. The second part of the questionnaire was used for the collection of data on recently-managed DFU cases. Results: For the first part of the study, 600 questionnaires were collected (150 per country) and 1188 patient cases of DFU management were included in the second part. In France, only 49% of GPs mentioned neuropathy as the main causative process in DFU development. However, in Germany and the UK, 82% and 83% of GPs, respectively, considered neuropathy as an important causative factor. DFU care in Spain and the UK is thought to be organised by multidisciplinary teams (MDT) (83% and 84% of GPs, respectively, completely agreed with this statement). In France and Germany, GPs are responsible for follow-up and management. Only UK physicians have clearly identified specialised podiatrists to refer patients to, if needed. Approximately 29–40% of GPs in all countries did not feel they were sufficiently trained in the DFU treatment protocol. Almost 30% of GPs in France and Germany thought that DFU treatment was not well-established due to the absence of clinical guidelines and protocols. Conclusion: The intra-country and inter-country management of the complex aspects of DFU is quite heterogeneous. The cause of this finding is multifactorial. Although there are international guidelines, it would be beneficial to establish clear and specific competencies for the different health professionals involved in DFU management. As a minimum, intra-country heterogeneity should improve with their development.
La innovación y la tecnología como recursos en el proceso de internacionalización de empresas colombianas
Authors: Donado Mercado Alexandra , Núñez López Viridiana , Arechavala Vargas Ricardo 
Published: May 2018

El objetivo de esta investigación es probar la incidencia de ciertas variables en el desempeño exportador de empresas MIPYMES asentadas en Colombia. A diferencia de la mayoría de los estudios empíricos, enfocados a nivel país o industria, esta investigación es a nivel de empresa. Utilizando análisis estadístico se prueba la incidencia de las variables: innovación, intensividad de conocimiento, así como características del emprendedor y de la empresa (edad del emprendedor, escolaridad del emprendedor y tamaño de la empresa) en un total de 241 empresas de todos los sectores, ubicadas en Cali. Los principales hallazgos son que las variables: innovación, intensividad de conocimiento y escolaridad del emprendedor están correlacionados positivamente con el desempeño exportador. Los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación pueden servir de guía al momento de tomar decisiones sobre a qué tipo de empresas apoyar en su proceso de internacionalización.
Equidad como principio: una interpretación de su contenido
Authors: Jáuregui María de los Ángeles 
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo desarrolla la teoría de la justicia y los principios fundamentales de la misma que formuló John Rawls (1990). Esta se considera de ineludible conocimiento a fin de que sea la base de toda decisión social. Asimismo, se trata de relacionar dicha concepción con la equidad, definiendo esta última como la justicia en su aplicación al caso concreto de la obligación tributaria. Además, se hace mención de las distintas dimensiones de la equidad planteadas por Grazzo y Torres González (1992).Luego, se hace hincapié en el concepto de García Belsunce (1989), quien considera que la equidad es un principio de imposición más que una garantía constitucional. Se la relaciona con otros principios tributarios como ser: razonabilidad, igualdad, proporcionalidad, no confiscatoriedad, generalidad y capacidad contributiva. Finalmente, se analizan la compatibilidad de los principios y su relación última con la justicia y los incentivos fiscales.
Die Erschließung orientalischer Handschriften an der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin: Historische Entwicklung und aktuelle Perspektiven im nationalen Kontext
Authors: Rauch Christoph 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Neue Nutzungsszenarien und Forschungsansätze veränderten auch die bibliothekarischen und wissenschaftlichen Anforderungen an eine Erschließung orientalischer Handschriften. In diesem Beitrag wird, mit Schwerpunkt auf den Sammlungen der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, der Weg von den historischen Katalogen des 19. Jahrhunderts über die „Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland“ hin zu einem elektronischen Bestandsnachweis aufgezeigt. Der Aufbau eines materialspezifischen Portals zum Nachweis aller Handschriften und Digitalisate ist der nächste Schritt.
Synthesizing selenium- and silver-substituted hydroxyapatite-based bone grafts and their effects on antibacterial efficiency and cell viability
Authors: Aksakal Bunyamin , Demirel Mehtap , Sinirlioglu Zeynep A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA)-based biografts with selenium (Se) and silver (Ag) substitutions were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The synthesized HA-based biografts at various Se and Ag quantity ratios (wt%) were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX).Escherichia coli(JM103) and Gram-positiveStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC29293) bacteria were used for the cell viability tests by performing the MTT assay. During antibacterial tests, it was determined that the synthesized biografts showed significant antimicrobial activity onE. coliandS. aureus;however, some materials were effective on Gram-negativeE. coli, but had no effect on Gram-positiveS. aureus.In vitrocell viability tests revealed that some of the synthesized biografts such as H30Ag10Se15 and H40Ag20Se10 provided the highest cell viability rates compared to those in the control group.
Metonymic Figures: Cultural Representations of Foreign Domestic Helpers and Discourses of Diversity in Hong Kong
Authors: Jayawickrama Sharanya , 扎雅卫迦玛 萨兰雅· 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Foreign Domestic Helpers account for nearly half of Hong Kong’s total ethnic minority population and are therefore integral to any discussion of diversity in the postcolonial, global Chinese city. In Asia, discourses of diversity have evolved from the juncture of complex historical, political, and cultural factors including colonialism, postcoloniality, traditional and precolonial customs and values, religious and spiritual beliefs, as well as Western-derived liberal-democratic discourses of rights and citizenship. “Diversity” has been identified as one of the core values and attributes of the territory by the Hong Kong Government yet it is not a concept that is carefully interrogated and delineated. This essay examines discourses of diversity via analysis of a varied set of cultural representations of Foreign Domestic Helpers, including a television programme and advertisements, a work of short literary fiction, online erotic fiction, social media, as well as an example of multi-media artwork. Taken together, these representative forms provide insight into the cultural imaginary that shapes private and public discourse and perception. Using an approach informed by both cognitive linguistics and postcolonial studies, the essay focuses on metonymic techniques, for example, doubling and substitution to argue that representations of Foreign Domestic Helpers reveal the anxieties, fears, and desires of the dominant culture. The essay shows that the Foreign Domestic Helper becomes a critical figure around whom linked questions of ethnicity, gender, sexuality, and class in the majority ethnic Chinese population of Hong Kong circulate.
A case of intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus and non-immune hydrops
Authors: Howell-McLean Cailly , Scheurer-Monaghan Andrea 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus is an abnormal occurrence with significant consequences for delivery and neonatal outcomes. We describe a case of intrauterine closure of the ductus arteriosus resulting in non-immune hydrops.
Early ultrasonographic follow up in neonatal pneumatocele. Two case reports
Authors: Maranella Eugenia , Mareri Arianna , Tataranno Marialuisa , Luca Luisa Di , Marciano Alessandra , Natale Cecilia Di , Nardi Valentina , Fabio Sandra Di 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Pulmonary pneumatocele is a thin-walled, air-filled cyst originating spontaneously within the lungs’ parenchyma, generally after infections or prolonged mechanical respiratory support. The diagnosis of pneumatocele is usually made using both chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scan. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a promising technique used to investigate neonatal pulmonary diseases. We hereby present two cases of pneumatocele in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in which CXR and LUS were used to evaluate pulmonary parenchyma. LUS showed a multilobed cyst with a thin hyperechoic wall and a hypoechoic central area. Repeated LUS demonstrated a progressive reduction of the cyst’s size. After a few weeks, the small lesions were no longer detectable by ultrasound, therefore CXR was used, for follow-up, in the following months, until complete resolution. No data are available in the literature regarding ultrasonographic follow-up of neonatal pneumatocele. A larger number of patients are required to confirm our results and increase the use of LUS in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to reduce neonatal radiations exposure.
Trisomy 9 presenting in the first trimester as a fetal lateral neck cyst and increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Lazrove Emma , Janicki Mary Beth , Berry Teresa , Figueroa Reinaldo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Fetal lateral neck cysts are transient fluid accumulations that result from abnormal lymphatic formations. In the first trimester, fetal lateral neck cysts accompanied by an increased nuchal translucency have been associated with aneuploidy, single-gene disorders and other malformations.

Highlights
We describe a case in which a lateral neck cyst, which measured 6.7 × 4 × 6.2 mm, was detected by ultrasonography in the first trimester with the additional finding of increased nuchal translucency (3.7 mm; >95th percentile). No other abnormalities were detected at that time. Standard cell-free DNA screening resulted in no aneuploidy detected for chromosomes 21, 18, 13 and the sex chromosomes. The patient declined diagnostic testing with chorionic villus sampling. A repeat ultrasound at 16 weeks’ gestation demonstrated a normally grown fetus with persistence of the cyst, which measured 4.9 × 5 × 8.4 mm, as well as a pericardial effusion with a single outflow tract overriding the ventricular septum and vermian hypoplasia. The diagnosis of trisomy 9, 47,XX,+9, was made by amniocentesis and the patient opted for termination of the pregnancy.

Conclusions
This report illustrates the importance of identifying additional abnormalities in a fetus with lateral neck cysts, documenting the size of the cysts and obtaining diagnostic genetic testing.
Health among humorists: Susceptibility to contagious diseases among improvisational artists
Authors: Greengross Gil , Martin Rod A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is a widely held belief that humor contributes to better health, but the research on this topic yields mixed results. To assess the relationship between humor and health, we compared the susceptibility to various infectious diseases of 511 comedy performers (amateur improvisational artists) and a control group of 795 non-performers that were matched to the comedy performers sample in age and sex. Subjects reported the number of episodes and the total days they had had various infectious diseases. Contrary to the prevailing sentiment that humor boosts health, results showed that the comedy performer group reported more frequent contagious diseases and more days having these infections diseases, compared to the control group. Improv artists had significantly more infections and reported more days infected than the control group on respiratory infections, head colds, stomach or intestinal flu, skin infections, and autoimmune diseases. The control group had significantly more bladder infections with non-significant difference on days infected. Results held after controlling for BMI, age, number of antibiotics used and neuroticism. We found no evidence that humor positively contributes to health, and a career in a humor-related profession may be detrimental to one’s health. Our research highlights the complex relationship between humor and health outcomes.
Social Autonomy and Political Integration: Two Policy Approaches to the Government-Nonprofit Relationship since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
Authors: Wang Jinjun , Wang Qun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the party-state has established a number of policies on social organizations. Some policies are complementary, whereas some seem to be contradictory. These policies are associated with two policy approaches. The first is socially oriented, allowing social organizations the opportunity for autonomy and encouraging capacity-building. The second is political integration mainly through party-building in social organizations. The two approaches do not exist alone or in isolation. Intertwined they indicate that the Chinese party-state has begun to institutionalize an integrative control mechanism to maximize the utility of social organizations in prioritized fields of work.
The Role of Deterrence in a new European strategic environment
Authors: de Wijk Rob 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:The new Russian military doctrine from 2010, the growing international assertiveness of Russia, and eventually the annexation of the Crimea Peninsula in 2014 have forced the West to rethink deterrence strategies vis a vis Russia. Consequently, the old Cold War concept of deterrence was dusted off and the debate picked up from where it had ended in 1990. This article summarizes the end of the Cold War thinking on deterring aggression against NATO-Europe. It explains why the present Western theoretical foundation of deterrence, which still focuses on strong conventional forces backed up by nuclear weapons, no longer suffices, and argues that the new Russian concept of strategic deterrence requires a complete overhaul of the Western approach. It is not only the security of the Baltic member states of NATO or of transatlantic cables that matter, Europe has to cope with desinformation and destabilization campaigns and has to rethink its energy security strategy. Only together can NATO and EU master these challenges.
MRI Images Segmentation and 3D Reconstruction for Cerebral Cancer Detection
Authors: Zghal Nadia Smaoui , Derbel Nabil 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cancer is a dense and an abnormal rapid multiplication (proliferation) of cells in the tissues of the human body. The brain tumor is one of the most dangerous and deadly tumors. Fortunately, the evolution of science has allowed us to create very efficient medical imaging techniques in order to discover this type of cancer. Chief among these techniques is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is a very efficient technique compared to ultrasound. In this work, we are interested in the detection of this type of cancer allowing a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of MRI images. The segmentation methods used are based primarily on the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm that classifies and isolates parts of the brain tissue, and secondly on Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution technique for tumor detection. The obtained results show the effectiveness of this approach to detect brain tumor. The 3D reconstruction is finally carried out to better visualize the tumor as a whole and to detect its expansion. It is conducted using an indirect volume rendering method, which is the Marching Cubes algorithm.
Cracking Behaviors of Rock-Like Specimens Containing Two Sets of Preexisting Cross Flaws under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Ping , Li Lang-Hua , Berto Filippo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cross flaws occur widely in rock masses and play a crucial role in the failure of rock engineering. This article first experimentally studies the cracking behaviors of rock-like specimens containing two sets of preexisting cross flaws under uniaxial compression. The effects of the flaw inclination angle and the horizontal spacing on the cracking behaviors of rock-like specimens are investigated as well as initiation stress, peak strength, peak strain, and complete stress–strain curves. The experimental results include observations of five types of cracks and seven types of coalescence. The crack initiation mode depends more strongly on the inclination angle than on the horizontal spacing. Moreover, it is found that a set of preexisting flaws coalesce not only with another set of preexisting flaws but also with the identical set of preexisting flaws. The peak strength and peak strain first increase and then decrease as the horizontal spacing increases. Meanwhile, the peak strength first increases and then decreases, and the peak strain first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases as the flaw inclination angle increases. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of rock masses, in particular those containing preexisting flaws that appear in sets or groups with similar orientation and characteristics.
Residual Stress in Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718: Influence of the Removal from Base Plate and Deposition Hatch Length
Authors: Thiede Tobias , Cabeza Sandra , Mishurova Tatiana , Nadammal Naresh , Kromm Arne , Bode Johannes , Haberland Christoph , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The residual stress distribution in IN718 elongated prisms produced by selective laser melting was studied by means of neutron (bulk) and laboratory X-ray (surface) diffraction. Two deposition hatch lengths were considered. A horizontal plane near the top surface (perpendicular to the building direction) and a vertical plane near the lateral surface (parallel to the building direction) were investigated. Samples both in as-built (AB) condition and removed from the base plate (RE) were characterized. While surface stress fields seem constant for the AB condition, X-ray diffraction shows stress gradients along the hatch direction in the RE condition. The stress profiles correlate with the distortion maps obtained by tactile probe measurements. Neutron diffraction shows bulk stress gradients for all principal components along the main sample directions. We correlate the observed stress patterns with the hatch length, i.e., with its effect on temperature gradients and heat flow. The bulk stress gradients partially disappear after removal from the base plate.
CanonicalNotchSignaling Directs the Fate of Differentiating Neurocompetent Progenitors in the Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Herrick Daniel B. , Guo Zhen , Jang Woochan , Schnittke Nikolai , Schwob James E. 
Published: May 2018

The adult olfactory epithelium (OE) has the remarkable capacity to regenerate fully both neurosensory and non-neuronal cell types after severe epithelial injury. Lifelong persistence of two stem cell populations supports OE regeneration when damaged: the horizontal basal cells (HBCs), dormant and held in reserve; and globose basal cells, a heterogeneous population most of which are actively dividing. Both populations regenerate all cell types of the OE after injury, but the mechanisms underlying neuronal versus non-neuronal lineage commitment after recruitment of the stem cell pools remains unknown. We used both retroviral transduction and mouse lines that permit conditional cell-specific genetic manipulation as well as the tracing of progeny to study the role of canonicalNotchsignaling in the determination of neuronal versus non-neuronal lineages in the regenerating adult OE. Excision of eitherNotch1orNotch2genes alone in HBCs did not alter progenitor fate during recovery from epithelial injury, whereas conditional knock-out of bothNotch1andNotch2together, retroviral transduction of progenitors with a dominant-negative form ofMAML(mastermind-like), or excision of the downstream cofactorRBPJcaused progeny to adopt a neuronal fate exclusively. Conversely, we show that overexpressing the Notch1-intracellular domain (N1ICD) either genetically or by transduction blocks neuronal differentiation completely. However, N1ICD overexpression requires both alleles of the canonical cofactor RBPJ to specify downstream lineage. Together, our results suggest that canonical RBPJ-dependentNotchsignaling through redundant Notch1 and Notch2 receptors is both necessary and sufficient for determining neuronal versus non-neuronal differentiation in the regenerating adult OE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the substantial reconstitution of the olfactory epithelium and its population of sensory neurons after injury, disruption and exhaustion of neurogenesis is a consequence of aging and a cause of olfactory dysfunction. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the generation of replacement neurons and non-neuronal cells is critical to any therapeutic strategy aimed at rebuilding a functional neuroepithelium. The results shown here demonstrate that canonicalNotchsignaling determines the balance between neurons and non-neuronal cells during restoration of the epithelium after injury. Moreover, the complexities of the multiple Notch pathways impinging on that decision are dissected in detail. Finally, RBPJ, the canonical Notch transcriptional cofactor, exhibits a heretofore unreported haploinsufficiency in setting the balance among the regenerating populations.