bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Teriperatide in Osteoporotic Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture: a randomized controlled experimental study
Authors: Chalana Ankit , Aggarwal Hari Om , Mehta Kshitij , Rehncy Jagdeep Singh , Singh Harmanpreet , Sahni Girish 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Despite recent advances in fracture fixation techniques, achieving favorable outcomes in osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures not only by reducing the fracture site but also by ensuring long-term reduction is still difficult for surgeons. Consequently, the interest of researchers has shifted toward establishing a holistic approach for managing such injuries. Teriparatide, a recombinant form of human parathyroid hormone, is a novel drug that has been proven to hasten fracture healing in both animals and humans. We attempted to evaluate the influence of teriparatide therapy in surgically fixed osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fractures and provide the groundwork for further research in this area.
Methods: A total of 50 patients with established osteoporosis and intertrochanteric fractures were selected and divided into two groups: those who were managed surgically with proximal femur nailing and those who were prospectively compared. One group received teriparatide therapy in addition to standard treatment after providing the necessary consent, and the other group received calcium supplements alone. The results of both groups were prospectively compared. We investigated the effects of teriparatide on the time to fracture union, bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover marker (BTM) level and other fracture-related postoperative complications. Radiological union was assessed via the Radiographic Union Score for Hip (RUSH).
Results: All patients were followed up for 6 months, at which time all the fractures were united. However, in the teriparatide group, the time to fracture union significantly decreased by approximately 2 weeks, and the improvements in BMD and radiographic union were significantly greater.
Conclusion: Our prospective study revealed that early union and a significant increase in the number of BMD tips favor teriparatide therapy in osteoporotic patients with intertrochanteric femur fractures. However, well-designed clinical trials conducted in a similar vein are needed to support our claim.
Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000055856. Registered on 16-October-2024 – Retrospectively registered
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000063836
GPX4 and FSP1, key ferroptosis regulators, are critical for T cell functions and CAR-T antitumor activity
Authors: Bajor Malgorzata , Kłopotowska Marta , Baranowska Iwona , Hajduk Szymon , Leśniowska Natalia , Jurga Anna , Granica Monika , Łaźniewski Michał , Krawczyk Marta , Dziewicka Milena , Graczyk Agnieszka , Zagożdżon Radosław , Plewczyński Dariusz , Winiarska Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, holds promise as a strategy to overcome tumor resistance to conventional therapies and enhance immunotherapy responses. However, while the susceptibility of tumor cells to ferroptosis is extensively studied, limited data exists on the vulnerability of immune cells to disturbed iron balance and lipid peroxidation. Here, we found that T cell stimulation rewires iron and redox homeostasis and by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species and labile iron promotes lipid peroxidation and T cells’ ferroptosis. Upon stimulation, we detected substantial changes in the balance of ferroptosis-suppressive proteins, including GPX4 decrease and increase of FSP1, a phenomenon never described before. Subsequently, we identified GPX4 as a master regulator orchestrating T/CAR-T cells’ sensitivity to ferroptosis and demonstrated that GPX4 inhibitors impair T/CAR-T cells’ functions. Surprisingly, we observed that FSP1 regulates T cell antitumor activity independently of its ferroptosis-suppressive function. Specifically, FSP1 inhibition decreased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ATP production, reduced the amount of perforin and cytokines produced by T cells, and suppressed their proliferation. Altogether, our study for the first time indicates that GPX4 and FSP1, key regulators of ferroptosis, are critical for the antitumor cytotoxic potential of T/CAR-T cells. From our study FSP1 also emerges as a novel metabolic regulator in T cells, which inhibition profoundly affects T cells’ oxidative phosphorylation. Our findings are not only significant to understand metabolic vulnerabilities of T cells but may also hold particular significance from the standpoint of therapeutic development. In the context of our results, future anticancer therapies should be carefully designed to selectively induce ferroptosis of tumor cells without impeding cytotoxic cells’ antitumor efficacy.
Integrating transcriptome, physiological, and biochemical studies revealing the role of endogenous ABA and GA 3 in the germination of quinoa seed
Authors: Gao Ya , Zheng Chunmei , Ge Wenxuan , Li Xueying , Wang Xiuzhang , Sun Wenjun , Sun Yanxia , Wu Xiaoyong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Seed germination, including variations in internal physiological and biochemical indicators, as well as gene expression, has been extensively studied in various plant species. However, there is a lack of significant research attention on the germination mechanisms of quinoa. This study investigated the levels of starch, total amylase, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, as well as hormones including ABA and GA3 during the germination of quinoa seeds. Additionally, enzymatic activities involved in the synthesis and metabolism of ABA and GAs were measured, and transcriptional data at 4 h and 12 h were analyzed to elucidate the internal physiological changes occurring during quinoa germination.
Result
Physiological and biochemical indicators imply that the process of germination involves the enzymatic activity of amylase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch and sucrose. This enzymatic action leads to an increase in the concentrations of soluble sugars, proteins, maltose, and glucose. The enzymes NCED, ZEP, and AAO are involved in the regulation of ABA synthesis, whereas GA3 levels are modulated by the coordinated activity of GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox. Quinoa seeds exhibit insensitivity to ABA, while GA3 plays a significant role in promoting seed germination. Transcriptome revealed upregulation of starch and sucrose metabolism and the EMP pathway and TCA cycle were enhanced during seed germination. This study identified 15 crucial genes related to ABA, GAs, starch/sucrose metabolism, and EMP pathway in quinoa germination, via integrated analysis of differential expression, annotations, correlation, and indicator content.
Conclusion
This study investigated the dynamic changes in physiological, biochemical, and energy metabolism indicators during quinoa seed germination by measuring these indicators in conjunction with ABA, GA3, and transcriptome analysis. Key genes involved in the regulation of quinoa seed germination were identified. The findings provide a foundational theoretical framework for understanding the intrinsic mechanisms underlying quinoa germination and preharvest sprouting.
Observation of string-breaking dynamics in a quantum simulator
Authors: Monroe Christopher , De Arinjoy , Lerose Alessio , Luo De , Surace Federica , Schuckert Alexander , Bennewitz Elizabeth , Ware Brayden , Morong Will , Collins Katherine , Davoudi Zohreh , Gorshkov Alexey , Katz Or 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The spontaneous formation of particle pairs is one of the most intriguing phenomena in nature. A canonical example is when the potential energy between two elementary particles increases with their separation, as if the particles were confined to one another by a tense string. When the separation exceeds a critical value, new particle pairs can form, which causes the string to break. String-breaking dynamics in quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force, play a fundamental role in high-energy particle collisions and the evolution of matter in the early universe. Simulating the evolution of strings and the formation of composite particles, or hadrons, is a grand challenge of modern physics. Quantum simulators are well suited to study dynamical processes. They are, therefore, expected to provide an edge over conventional methods based on classical computing. However, the experimental capabilities required to simulate the string-breaking phenomenon have not yet been demonstrated, even for simpler prototypical models of the strong force. In this work, we probe, for the first time on a quantum simulator, the spatiotemporally-resolved dynamics of string breaking in a (1+1)-dimensional Z2 lattice gauge theory, a theory that also exhibits confinement of charges. We employ a fully programmable trapped-ion quantum simulator, and emulate the effects of external static charges and strings via site-dependent control of magnetic fields, using a dual array of tightly focused laser beams targeting individual ions. First, we study the effect of confinement on the evolution of isolated charges. We find that these charges freely spread in the absence of string tension, but exhibit localized coherent oscillations as the string tension is increased. Then, we observe and characterize the breaking dynamics of a string initially stretched between two static charges, following an abrupt increase of the string tension. We find that charge pairs appear near the string edges and then spread out into the bulk, thereby identifying a route to dynamical string breaking that is distinct from the conventional Schwinger mechanism. This work, therefore, demonstrates that analog quantum simulators have achieved the control needed to uncover features of string-breaking dynamics, which may ultimately be relevant to nuclear and high-energy physics.
Influence of ions on rock surface wettability in carbonate reservoir smart water flooding
Authors: MENG Ying , HE Yuting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study analyzes the effects of different ions on the wettability of carbonate rock surfaces during low-salinity water flooding, using core flooding experiments, contact angle measurements, and potential tests. The results indicate that reducing the salinity of injection water can effectively improve the recovery of alkaline crude oil. Ion concentration significantly impacts the wettability of carbonate rocks, with Mg2+ and SO42− showing the most substantial effect on contact angle under low salinity conditions, markedly enhancing oil-wet characteristics. Although Ca2+ does not regulate wettability as effectively as the combination of Mg2+ and SO42−, it still promotes contact angle adjustment to some extent, particularly exhibiting notable wettability modulation at specific concentrations. Na+, by contrast, has the weakest effect on wettability. Changes in ion concentrations result in variations in the surface potential of carbonate rocks, which, in turn, influence the adsorption strength of alkaline components, thereby modulating wettability. Under low-salinity water flooding conditions, Mg2+ and Ca2+ can increase surface potential, enhancing the adsorption of oil-phase components, while SO42− promotes the transition of the rock surface toward a more water-wet state by reducing potential. The study concludes that, in terms of enhancing the wettability of carbonate rock surfaces, the ions' influence strength ranks as follows: Mg2+ > SO42− (coexisting with Mg2+) > Ca2+ > SO42− (alone) > Na+. This research provides new theoretical foundations and experimental data to support the development of smart water flooding in carbonate reservoirs.
Vegetative and reproductive phenology of dominant mangrove species: A multi-parametric approach from Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Chakrabarty Souparna , Chatterjee Tania , Gaine Tanushree , Chaudhuri Punarbasu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Phenology, the timing of different life cycle events of plants, like flushing of new leaves, shedding old leaves, flowering and fruiting are crucial for plant fitness. It is often evolutionarily adapted to maximising utilisation of abiotic conditions and biotic interactions. This study aims to provide first comprehensive report of spatiotemporal variation in phenology of twelve dominant mangrove species from two sites of Indian Sundarbans. Apart from timing, relationship between different phenological parameters; duration, intensity, synchrony etc. and their importance in explaining variation between species was also studied. Significant variation in timing of peak activity was observed for different plant species across all four phenophases. Apart from timing, other phenological parameters like, duration also varied among phenophases with fruiting showing the longest maturation period in mangroves. This in turn constrained the available timing of activity for other phases leading to synchronisation of early season flushing and flowering, enhancing inclusive fitness. Altogether, flushing peaked early in dry season, flowering peaked mid-season, and fruiting peaked during wet season. There was continuous variation, not only in timing, but other parameters like duration, intensity, and synchrony across phenophases that was comparable to those observed in other tropical mangrove communities. Although there was an overall difference in the timing of flushing, flowering, and fruiting, no differences between sites for each species were observed. This study provides significant insight into relationship between timing, and other phenology parameters which might help unravel life-history, and resource acquisition and utilisation strategies of plant species in this vulnerable mangrove communities.
A fuzzy yield model of the wheat inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis under future climate elevated CO 2
Authors: Sobrinho Renato Lustosa , Oliveira Bruno Rodrigues , Zuffo Alan Mario , Filho Marcelo Teixeira , Filho Aldir Carpes Marques , Zoz Tiago , Okla Mohammad K. , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , Alwasel Yasmeen A. , Hamoud Yousef Alhaj , El‑Keblawy Ali , Sulieman Saad , Askri Amira , Alyafei Mohammed , Sheteiwy Mohamed S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding the complex interactions between plants, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) is crucial for enhancing agricultural sustainability and productivity. This study explores the interplay between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), AMF inoculation, and eCO2 levels using the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (MFIS) that was employed to handle uncertainties in modeling plant responses to environmental changes. This study integrates fuzzy logic-based approaches to model the effects of elevated CO2 levels on wheat productivity. The goal was to explore the relationship between CO2 levels, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculation, and wheat yield.
Results
Statistical analyses revealed significant impacts of both eCO2 and AMF inoculation on various measures of wheat productivity, highlighting the potential synergistic effects of these factors. The MFIS models effectively captured the complexities of environmental stimuli, offering valuable insights into plant-microbe-environment interactions. Despite limitations in sample size, the models provided a robust framework for understanding agroecosystem dynamics.
Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of integrating fuzzy logic-based approaches into agricultural management strategies to optimize crop yields while minimizing environmental impacts. The findings encourage further research into refining experimental designs and expanding datasets to enhance our understanding of plant responses to changing environmental conditions.
Sources, Mobility, and Accumulation of Major and Trace Elements in Sediments: Implications for Environmental Quality and Management of an Urbanized Tropical Lake (Brasília, Brazil)
Authors: Oliveira E. S. , Garnier J. , Araújo D. F. , Mulholland D. S. , Roig H. , Dias-Roque D. F. , Tonha M. S. , Cicerelli R. E. , Koide S. , Bonnet M. P , Seyler P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The quality of aquatic ecosystems can be significantly impacted by the input of nutrients and trace elements. Identifying the sources and bioavailability of these components is crucial for understanding their cycling and assessing the environmental effects in lakes subjected to increased anthropogenic pressure, such as Lake Paranoá, a man-made reservoir in Brasília, Brazil. This study explores the spatial distribution and geochemical partitioning of sedimentary nutrients and metals in Lago Paranoá, aiming to pinpoint their origins and behaviors. The sediment distribution patterns in Lago Paranoá reflect the lake’s hydrodynamics, including water currents and proximity to material sources. Human-induced erosion due to urban expansion contributes to the influx of terrigenous and anthropogenic compounds into the lake. Our findings indicate that Ca, Mg, P, and Zn are associated with anthropogenic sources, likely from domestic sewage discharge and/or leaching from construction activities. Notably, sediments near the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) show elevated concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and Zn, identifying the WWTP as a key source. Additionally, the high levels of P, Mn, and Zn in weakly acidic phases suggest these elements may readily desorb from sediments, potentially migrating into the water column during early diagenetic processes. This study provides essential insights for evaluating the potential impacts of the upcoming sediment dredging project in Lago Paranoá.
A novel approach using the local sketch and its variations for image retrieval in education
Authors: Quang Thien Le , Tran Anh Dat , Nguyen Huu Quynh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In the field of education, retrieving student information from classrooms is extremely important. While textual data such as dates and class schedules are commonly used for information retrieval tasks, the use of camera footage in classrooms is also widespread. However, image retrieval, particularly using sketches, is a new and complex technology. In this paper, we develop a sketch-based image retrieval system to extract information from classroom cameras. The final results allow for precise retrieval previously unattainable, enabling users to make increasingly detailed queries and incorporate attributes such as color and contextual hints from the sketches. To achieve this, we introduce a new framework that effectively integrates sketch images using pre-trained CLIP models, eliminating the need for detailed sketch descriptions. Lastly, our system extends to include sketch-based image retrieval applications, domain attribute transformation, and detailed image generation, offering solutions for various real-world scenarios.
PM2.5-O3 Causal Relationship and Influencing Factors Analysis in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China, 2015-2024 Based on Convergent Cross-Mapping Methods
Authors: You Hongen , Zheng Yige 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In order to understand the relationship between PM2.5 and O3 interactions and the influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, this paper analyses the air quality data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the past 10 years (2015–2024) using the Convergent Cross Mapping (CCM) method. The results show that the dynamic system of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has obvious nonlinear and weak coupling characteristics. At the significance level of 0.1, most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region showed significant unidirectional or bidirectional causal relationships between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in all seasons, and the results of the CCM test showed that the causal relationships and correlations between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations were influenced by meteorological factors, weather phenomena, human activities, regional transport, and the interaction mechanism between the two, and the seasonal variations were significant: the lowest number in spring, the highest in winter, and the lowest correlation in spring, the highest in winter and autumn; the number and correlation of causality peak in autumn and winter when PM2.5 concentration is higher; and the two pollutants have different causality in different seasons in some cities.
The Efficacy of Home-Based Exercise in Parkinson Patients compared to center-based exercise regarding the Motor and Non Motor Functions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Hammad ELsayed Mohamed , Ayoub Motasem , Zidan Taha Abdelhammed , Elgendy Mena Ayman Abdelmonem Mohamed Elgendy Ayman Abdelmonem Moham , Rady Ahmed Hassan A. , Khan Muhammad Hamza , Mohamed Shrouk F , Elboraay Toka , Abdulnabi Abdullah Shaban , youssef Abdelrahman R. , Zabady Ahmed Hamdy , Eltelt Ahmed M. , Mohamed Mohamed I. , Alshamaly Nesreen Fares , Khalafallah Mohamed Abdo , Rageh Omar ElSayed , Organization Neurolab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease behind Alzheimer's disease (AD), with an overall prevalence of 300 per 100,000. It is characterized by several motor symptoms, including rhythmic tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, and postural instability and falls.
Despite this, there is still a lack of knowledge on whether home-based exercises can effectively prevent the risk of falls in Parkinson's patients. We are conducting a study to summarize and highlight the latest findings on the effectiveness of home-based exercise in Parkinson's disease.
Background: To study the efficacy of home based exercise compared to control for Parkinson’s disease.
Methods: PubMed was systematically searched from inception to may 3, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of home based exercise in Parkinson’s disease were included. The extracted data were transformed and pooled using a random effects model. 33 studies were included in the quantitative analysis.
Results: Pooled analysis demonstrated that exercise significantly improved Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (-0.29; 95% CI: -0.49, -0.09) compared to the control. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the exercise group and the control group for Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part-III (UPDRS) (-0.26; 95% CI: -0.54, 0.01), Timed up and go test (TUG) (-0.26; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.18), Berg Balance Scale (-0.70; 95% CI: -1.69, 0.28), 6-minute walking test (0.15; 95% CI: -0.12, 0.42), step cadence (0.54; 95% CI: -0.80, 1.88), gait (0.54; 95% CI: -0.02, 1.11), self-reported falls (-0.88; 95% CI: -2.77, 1.02), Geriatric depression scale (-0.44; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.18), MMSE (mini-mental state examination) (-0.11; 95% CI: -0.32, 0.10), and MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) (-0.06; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.14).
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that exercise is effective in Parkinson’s disease. However, future research is warranted to substantiate our findings and investigating the motor symptoms more.