bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbamide peroxide bleaching agent on the surface roughness and gloss of a pressable ceramic
Authors: Rea Felipe Tarosso , Roque Ana Carolina Cabral , Macedo Ana Paula , de Almeida Rossana Pereira 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the influence of carbamide peroxide, 10% and 16%, on the surface roughness and gloss of a pressable ceramic.Materials and MethodsCarbamide peroxide (10% or 16%) was applied for 4 hours or 3 hours per day for 14 days, respectively, in pressable ceramic discs (14 mm × 2 mm). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C. Surface roughness and gloss were determined before carbamide peroxide application (T0), 7 days (T7) and 14 days (T14) after the initial treatment. ANOVA was used with repeated measures and multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment (P < 0.005).ResultsSignificant increase in surface roughness was observed over time (P < 0.001), with T0 < T7 < T14. When the gloss was analyzed, significant differences were found (P < 0.001), control group showed a higher gloss than those of the 10% and 16% groups. Significant decrease in gloss was observed over time (P < 0.001), with T0 > T7 > T14.ConclusionsThe surface roughness of pressable ceramics increased, while their gloss significantly decreased when 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide was applied. The specimens treated with 16% carbamide peroxide exhibited higher surface roughness and less gloss than the specimens treated with 10% carbamide peroxide.Clinical significanceThis study found that carbamide peroxide gels commonly used in at‐home procedures influenced the surface roughness and gloss of a pressable ceramic that is often used for rehabilitation esthetics.
Integrating lifecycle assessment and urban metabolism at city level: Comparison between Spanish cities
Authors: González‐García Sara , Dias Ana Claudia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrban systems are important consumers of resources and producers of wastes derived from the lifestyles and daily needs of their citizens. The quantification of environmental impacts arising from urban metabolism (UM) plays a key role in the design of more sustainable cities and in the development of decision‐making strategies into more effective urban policies. This article combines UM and lifecycle assessment methodology to quantify mass and energy flows within the city limits and derived urban environmental pressures, thus prioritizing the environmental perspective of sustainability. This methodology is applied to the two very different Spanish cities of Bilbao and Seville. The results acquired in this study identify the consumption of construction materials, electricity, fossil fuels, and food and beverages as environmental hotspots. The results are primarily affected by differences in the climate (extreme conditions), which mainly affect the consumption of fossil fuels, and differences in purchasing power, which mainly influence the intake of foodstuffs. Further research should focus on data management and quality as well as on designing more efficient cities (e.g., through the introduction of more energy‐efficient buildings, sustainable building materials, and public transport) in order to create improvements in their environmental profiles.
Overcoming climate change adaptation barriers: A study on food–energy–water impacts of the average American diet by demographic group
Authors: Bozeman Joe F. , Bozeman Rayne , Theis Thomas L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEffectively adapting to climate change involves overcoming social and ecological system barriers. The present study uses a three‐phase adaptation framework to propose adaptation strategies aimed at overcoming socioecological barriers of the food–energy–water (FEW) nexus. Cradle‐to‐farm‐gate land, greenhouse gas (GHG), and water impacts—that derive from food consumption in the United States—are analyzed and differentiated by major demographic groups (Black, Latinx, and White). Results indicate that the White demographic yields the highest per capita GHG (680 kg of CO2 eq⋅year−1) and water impacts (328,600 L⋅year−1) from food consumption, whereas the Black demographic yields the highest per capita land impacts (1,770 m2⋅year−1) from food consumption. Our findings suggest that obtaining data with the intention of building consensus across sociodemographic lines overcomes barriers in the understanding phase, leading to increased social receptivity for many planning and managing phase processes. Specifically, we find that identifying and developing leaders who possess the cognitive and interpersonal capacity to manage many variables and stakeholders is key to assessing and selecting adaptation options in the planning phase. We also propose using government programming to encourage environmentally friendly food purchasing behavior. Then, we discuss how our proposals could be used in adaptation feasibility and evaluation activities in the managing phase. In all, these findings facilitate the development of improved climate change adaptation and policy by satisfying the understanding phase of the climate change adaptation framework, establishing a cross‐disciplinary methodological approach to addressing socioecological problems, and providing useful FEW impact data for FEW nexus and climate change researchers.
Complete rectal prolapse in wild anubis baboons (Papio anubis)
Authors: Taniguchi Haruka , Isbell Lynne A. , Bidner Laura R. , Matsumoto‐Oda Akiko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis report describes two cases of rectal prolapse in wild anubis baboons (Papio anubis), with one spontaneous resolution. Both occurred after individuals consumed low‐water, high‐fibre dried maize during provisioning prior to capture, while one also experienced distress during capture.
Factors Associated With Leisure Time Physical Activity Among Schoolchildren in a Predominantly Latino Community
Authors: Escaron Anne L. , Vega‐Herrera Celia , Steers Neil , Chung Jane , Martinez Corina , Hochman Michael , Lara Marielena 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity (PA) may improve the health of children in low‐income communities.METHODSAssessors completed 5909 observations of students' PA during leisure periods using a validated instrument in 19 schools in low‐income Latino communities. We examined relationships between school environment factors (eg, presence of playground equipment) and levels of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA).RESULTSOverall, 16.4% of students were engaged in vigorous activity, lower than reported in prior analyses. Consistent with earlier reports, boys were more engaged in vigorous PA than girls (18.6% vs 13.2%). Playground equipment, such as balls and jump ropes, were present in 27.5% of activity areas. Supervision was present in 83.1% of observations; however, staff members were only observed leading organized activity in 1.7%. Playground equipment was associated with higher rates of MVPA, particularly among elementary boys (p < .0001). Staff supervision was not associated with MVPA, possibly because staff members rarely led organized activity.CONCLUSIONSWe found low rates of leisure time PA among students in this low‐income Latino community. The presence of playground equipment was favorably associated with activity levels. Increasing the availability of playground equipment might promote activity among children in similar populations.
Rheological predictions of sensory attributes of lotions
Authors: Ahuja Amit , Lu Joey , Potanin Andrei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractComplex behavior of 33 commercial lotions was investigated in order to identify correlations between laboratory instrumental measurements and sensory attributes of these products. Sensory attributes were evaluated by trained panelists. Six attributes were identified as potentially related to rheology, which belong to three main sensory categories: appearance, pickup, and rub out. Potential rheological predictors were extracted from the data of rotational rheometry. Yield stress and instantaneous viscosity maximum (IVM) were determined in stress ramp. Alternative definitions of yield stress based on step‐shear and oscillatory strain sweeps were also considered along with linear viscoelastic moduli, G′ and G″. Statistical analysis has shown all these definitions of yield stress and IVM are in fact closely correlated and that IVM is the best overall predictor of most attributes although G′/G″ ratio also is significant for rub out attributes. However, integrity of shape, the main appearance attribute, is even better predicted by an imitative slump‐like test in which image analysis is used to quantify sample spreading on a flat surface.
Randomized field trial on the effects of body weight and short transport on stress and immune variables in 2‐ to 4‐week‐old dairy calves
Authors: Masmeijer Christien , Devriendt Bert , Rogge Tina , van Leenen Katharina , De Cremer Lieze , Van Ranst Bonny , Deprez Piet , Cox Eric , Pardon Bart 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether underweight calves respond differently to transport stress, enhancing their disease risk, is currently unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of low body weight and transport stress on immune variables.AnimalsTwenty‐one 2‐ to 4‐week‐old male Holstein calves, housed on a commercial farm.MethodsRandomized clinical trial. Full factorial design with 4 treatment groups: low body weight (≤46 kg)/no transport (LOWCON); low body weight/transport (LOWTRANS); normal body weight (>46 kg)/no transport (NORMCON), and normal body weight/transport (NORMTRANS). Transport duration was 2 hours.ResultsTransport significantly increased serum cortisol concentration (77.8 μg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 37.8‐131.6; P < .001), interleukin (IL)‐17A (344.9 pg/mL; 95% CI, 32.2‐556.5; P = .04), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (218.2 pg/mL; 95% CI, 32.5‐368.3; P = .03) production after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Body weight did not affect any of the studied variables. However, the interaction of transport and body weight was significant. LOWTRANS calves showed increased monocyte count (2.0 × 109/L; 95% CI, 0.6‐4.2; P < .05) and interleukin IL‐17A production (106.0 pg/mL; 95% CI, 4.2‐306.9; P = .03) compared to normal weight calves and increased TNF‐α production (275.6 pg/mL; 95% CI, 2.6‐463.0; P = .02) compared to LOWCON calves in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after transport.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThese findings contribute to our understanding of increased disease susceptibility of underweight calves when transported. Gamma globulin concentration was identified as important interfering factor in studies on immune variables in neonatal calves.
The tumour microenvironment and immune milieu of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Fabris Luca , Perugorria María J. , Mertens Joachim , Björkström Niklas K. , Cramer Thorsten , Lleo Ana , Solinas Antonio , Sänger Hanna , Lukacs‐Kornek Veronika , Moncsek Anja , Siebenhüner Alexander , Strazzabosco Mario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTumour microenvironment is a complex, multicellular functional compartment that, particularly when assembled as an abundant desmoplastic reaction, may profoundly affect the proliferative and invasive abilities of epithelial cancer cells. Tumour microenvironment comprises not only stromal cells, mainly cancer‐associated fibroblasts, but also immune cells of both the innate and adaptive system (tumour‐associated macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and T and B lymphocytes), and endothelial cells. This results in an intricate web of mutual communications regulated by an extensively remodelled extracellular matrix, where the tumour cells are centrally engaged. In this regard, cholangiocarcinoma, in particular the intrahepatic variant, has become the focus of mounting interest in the last years, largely because of the lack of effective therapies despite its rising incidence and high mortality rates worldwide. On the other hand, recent studies in pancreatic cancer, which similarly to cholangiocarcinoma, is highly desmoplastic, have argued against a tumour‐promoting function of the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss recent developments concerning the role of each cellular population and their multifaceted interplay with the malignant biliary epithelial counterpart. We ultimately hope to provide the working knowledge on how their manipulation may lead to a therapeutic gain in cholangiocarcinoma.
Defining the regulon of genes controlled by σE, a key regulator of the cell envelope stress response in Streptomyces coelicolor
Authors: Tran Ngat T. , Huang Xiaoluo , Hong Hee‐Jeon , Bush Matthew J. , Chandra Govind , Pinto Daniela , Bibb Maureen J. , Hutchings Matthew I. , Mascher Thorsten , Buttner Mark J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factor, σE, is a key regulator of the cell envelope stress response in Streptomyces coelicolor. Although its role in maintaining cell wall integrity has been known for over a decade, a comprehensive analysis of the genes under its control has not been undertaken. Here, using a combination of chromatin immunoprecipitation‐sequencing (ChIP‐seq), microarray transcriptional profiling and bioinformatic analysis, we attempt to define the σE regulon. Approximately half of the genes identified encode proteins implicated in cell envelope function. Seventeen novel targets were validated by S1 nuclease mapping or in vitro transcription, establishing a σE‐binding consensus. Subsequently, we used bioinformatic analysis to look for conservation of the σE target promoters identified in S. coelicolor across 19 Streptomyces species. Key proteins under σE control across the genus include the actin homolog MreB, three penicillin‐binding proteins, two L,D‐transpeptidases, a LytR‐CpsA‐Psr‐family protein predicted to be involved in cell wall teichoic acid deposition and a predicted MprF protein, which adds lysyl groups to phosphatidylglycerol to neutralize membrane surface charge. Taken together, these analyses provide biological insight into the σE‐mediated cell envelope stress response in the genus Streptomyces.
Transferring critically ill babies and children home to die from intensive care
Authors: Morton Kathryn E. , Richardson Alison , Coombs Maureen A. , Darlington Anne‐Sophie E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of hospital deaths occur in intensive care units (ICU) and often follow a decision to limit or withdraw life‐sustaining treatment. Facilitating the preferred choice in place of death for babies/children is increasingly being advocated, although the literature on a home death is often limited to case reports.Aims and objectivesTo examine (a) health care professionals' (HCPs) views and experience of transferring babies/children home to die from intensive care, (b) patient clinical characteristics that HCPs would consider transferring home and (c) barriers to transferring home.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive web‐based survey.MethodsA total of 900 HCPs from paediatric and neonatal ICU across the United Kingdom were invited to participate.ResultsA total of 191 (22%) respondents completed the survey; 135 (70.7%) reported being involved in transferring home to die. However, most (58.4%) had just transferred one or two patients in the last 3 years. Overall, respondents held positive views towards transfer, although there was some evidence of divided opinion. Patients identified as unsuitable for transfer included unstable patients (57.6%) and those in need of cardiovascular support (56%). There was statistically significant difference in views between those with and without experience, in that those with experience had more positive views. The most significant barrier was the lack of access to care in the community.ConclusionsHCPs view the concept of transferring critically ill babies/children home to die positively but have infrequent experience. Views held about transfers are influenced by previous experience. The clinical instability of patients and access to community care are central to decision‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceA home death for critically ill babies/children is occurring in the United Kingdom but infrequently. Experience of a transfer home positively influences views and increases confidence. Improved multi‐organizational collaboration between ICU and community care teams would assist decision‐making and facilitation for a transfer home.
CTSC compound heterozygous mutations in two Chinese patients with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome
Authors: Wu Yuelin , Zhao Lei , Xu Chunmei , Wu Yafei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the molecular basis of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome in two Chinese families.MethodsPeripheral blood and mouth swab samples were obtained, from which genomic DNA and RNA were isolated. Sanger sequencing was employed to identify the mutations. mRNA expression was tested by real‐time quantitative PCR. Evolutionary conservation, pathogenicity prediction and impact of protein structures of the mutations were conducted with bioinformatics tools and homology modelling. HEK293 cells were transfected with plasmids expressing wild‐type or mutated CTSC. CTSC protein expression level and enzyme activity were explored.ResultsMutation analysis revealed two novel compound heterozygous mutations, the c.190‐191insA and c.1211‐1212delA in patient 1 and the c.716A>G and c.757+1G>A in patient 2. In both patients, the levels of CTSC mRNA were significantly lower than in their relatives. Homology modelling analysis predicted that the mutations affect the structure and stability of the protein, and in vitro study showed that the CTSC proteins containing the mutations c.190‐191insA and c.1211‐1212delA, which result in truncated versions of protein, display impaired enzyme activity. The protein containing c.716A>G mutation showed quite similar enzyme activity compared to wild‐type CTSC.ConclusionOur data support the molecular mechanism of PLS and enlarge the scope of CTSC gene mutations related to PLS.
Long‐term outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy in adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Leyva Francisco , Zegard Abbasin , Qiu Tian , de Bono Joseph , Thorne Sara , Clift Paul , Marshall Howard , Hudsmith Lucy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsRandomized, controlled trials of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) excluded patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). We sought to explore long‐term clinical outcomes.Methods and ResultsIn this single‐center, observational study, events were collected from hospital records on patients with structural ACHD (sACHD) and adults with ischemic (ICM) or nonischemic (NICM) cardiomyopathy undergoing CRT. Patients with sACHD (n = 23, age: 41.6 ± 13.5 years [mean ± standard deviation]) and adults with ICM (n = 533) or NICM (n = 458) were followed‐up for 4.1 years (median; interquartile range: 2.2‐6.1). Total mortality was 5/23 (21.7%; 4.4 per 100 person‐years) in sACHD, 221/533 (41.5%; 11.8 per 100 person‐years) in ICM, and 154/458 (33.6%; 9.7 per 100 person‐years) in NICM. In univariate analyses, total mortality in sACHD was lower than in ICM (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15‐0.91), but similar to NICM (HR: 0.48, 95% CI 0.20‐1.16). Cardiac mortality in sACHD was similar to ICM (HR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.32‐1.92) and NICM (HR: 1.12, 95% CI 0.45‐2.78). Heart failure (HF) hospitalization rates were similar to ICM (HR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.11‐1.77) and NICM (HR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.18‐3.08). In multivariate analyses, no differences emerged in total mortality, cardiac mortality, or HF hospitalization between sACHD and NICM or ICM, after adjustment for age, sex, New York Heart Association class, diabetes, atrial rhythm, QRS duration, QRS morphology, systemic ventricular ejection fraction, and medical therapy.ConclusionTotal mortality, cardiac mortality, and HF hospitalization after CRT in patients with sACHD was similar to adults with ICM or NICM.
The taste of origin in a lady beetle: do males discriminate between females based on cuticular hydrocarbons?
Authors: Legrand Pauline , Vanderplanck Maryse , Marko Istvan , Gillard Laurent , Lognay Georges , Lorge Stéphanie , Maesen Philippe , Vilcinskas Andreas , Vogel Heiko , Foucaud Julien , Estoup Arnaud , Francis Frédéric , Facon Benoit , Verheggen François J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis originates from Asia and has established invasive populations worldwide. Recent population genetic studies trace their invasion routes and demonstrate that bottlenecks in population size have reduced their genetic diversity. Consequently, phenotypical differences are highlighted between native and invasive populations. Among phenotypical traits, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) might reflect the geographical origin of a lady beetle, especially because of their genetic basis. The present study investigates whether (i) the CHC profiles qualitatively and quantitatively differ between females of H. axyridis from native and invasive populations and (ii) males discriminate females from native and invasive populations using CHC profiles. CHCs are solvent‐extracted before being quantified and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In total, 17 CHCs are detected from female elytra, including six alkanes, three polyunsaturated and eight monounsaturated alkenes. The total quantity of CHCs differs among the populations, with lady beetles from Tai'an (China) displaying higher CHC concentrations than lady beetles from Gembloux (Belgium) and from Beijing (China) populations. Multivariate analyses detect differences in CHC qualitative profiles, with females from Tai'an being different from the two other populations. Finally, behavioural assays show that females originating from the native Tai'an population are less preferred by males, whereas females from the invasive population are mounted more often. The behavioural assays suggest that CHCs are not involved in discrimination of mating partners based on their origin.
Increasing the germination percentage of a declining native orchid (Himantoglossum adriaticum) by pollen transfer and outbreeding between populations
Authors: Del Vecchio S. , Pierce S. , Fantinato E. , Buffa G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The declining native orchid Himantoglossum adriaticum H. Baumann is a European endemic of priority interest (92/43/ EEC, Annex II). Northern Italian populations of H. adriaticum are small and isolated, with depressed seed set. Given the important implications for plant population conservation, we tested the hypothesis that artificial pollen transfer (hand‐pollination) and outbreeding between populations increases fruit set and seed germination percentage.

The background fruit set and in vitro germination rates were determined for ten reference populations. An artificial cross‐pollination experiment included (a) pollen transfer from one large population to two small and isolated populations; (b) pollen transfer between two small but not isolated populations; (c) within‐population pollen transfer (control). All seeds were sown on a modified Malmgren's medium and cultured in a controlled environment. Germination percentage was compared using a Kruskal‐Wallis anova.

The background fruit set (mean = 18%) and germination (<5%) rates were consistently low across populations. Fruit set after hand‐pollination was consistently 100%. Pollen transfer from the largest population to smaller populations resulted in an increase in total germination ranging from 0.9% to 2.9%. The largest increase in germination occurred between small‐sized and less isolated populations (from 1.7% to 5.1%).

The results of pollen transfer between the small populations are particularly encouraging, as the mean increase in germination was almost four times that of the control. Outbreeding can be considered a valuable tool to increase genetic flow and germination in natural populations, limit the accumulation of detrimental effects on fitness driven by repeated breeding with closely‐related individuals, thereby increasing the possibility of conservation of rare or endangered species.