bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Augmented Reality Learning Design Based on Evidence From Empirical Cognitive Load Studies—A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Gonnermann‐Müller Jana , Krüger Jule M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite the numerous positive effects of augmented reality (AR) on learning, previous research has shown ambiguous results regarding the cognitive demand on the learner arising from, for example, the overlay of virtual elements or novel interaction techniques. At the same time, the number of evidence‐based guidelines on designing AR is limited or focuses on global effects, primarily relying on media comparison studies, whose validity is criticised.ObjectiveTo guide the meaningful design of learning and training settings, this paper systematically reviews empirical research on AR design and synthesises the findings to develop evidence‐based recommendations for designing AR systems considering cognitive load.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review, initially screening 810 distinct papers and ultimately analysing findings from 27 publications, which report on 29 distinct experimental studies. This selection was based on rigorously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines.Results and ConclusionThe central value of this paper is the aggregation of existing evidence from empirical studies, resulting in 15 recommendations for AR design based on six design dimensions: Spatiality‐related, Interaction‐related, Contextuality‐related, Content‐related, Guidance‐related and Display Selection. Additionally, with three points for future research, this systematic literature review, first, stresses the need for more empirical evidence and value‐added studies. Second, learner characteristics that might influence cognitive load in AR‐based learning should be examined. Third, it advocates for the inclusion of measurements beyond the NASA‐TLX, and including more physiological measurements (e.g., eye‐tracking, EEG) to enhance the applicability of the results for learning and training situations.
Geraniin Alleviates Mouse Laser‐Induced Choroidal Neovascularisation by Inhibiting Choroidal Endothelial Cell ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/MasR/IL‐10 Pathway
Authors: Lu Hongyi , Cai Qi , Li Lele , Gu Jiayi , Zhang Yuting , Sun Haotian , Su Hui , Song Lei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs suppress choroidal neovascularisation (CNV), thus improving vision. However, some patients may have a poor response or develop resistance to anti‐VEGF drugs. Geraniin (GE), a polyphenol isolated from an herb called Phyllanthus amarus, possesses anti‐angiogenic properties. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of GE in CNV. GE was found to activate the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin 1–7 (Ang‐[1–7])/MAS1 proto‐oncogene, G protein‐coupled receptor (MasR)/interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) pathway in hypoxic human choroidal endothelial cells (HCECs) in vitro and mouse models of laser‐induced CNV in vivo. Activation of the ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/MasR/IL‐10 pathway by GE attenuated the proliferative, migratory, and tube‐forming abilities of hypoxic HCECs and prevented the development of CNV in mice. Notably, GE did not cause ocular or systemic toxicity in mice with CNV. These findings suggest that GE alleviates CNV by activating the ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/MasR/IL‐10 pathway in choroidal endothelial cells (CECs).
Comparison of osmoregulatory and endocrine factors in steelhead and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following free selection of environmental salinity
Authors: Yada T. , Abe M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo clarify the differences between migratory and non‐migratory salmonids during the parr‐smolt transformation, we conducted experiments on steelhead (SH) and rainbow trout (RT) Oncorhynchus mykiss. We examined relationships among different parameters of osmoregulatory, endocrine, immune, and stress‐related regulation in these fish following free selection of salinities. For this, we used an experimental halocline aquarium in which the upper layer was filled with fresh water and the lower with seawater. There was no significant difference between the two trout strains in terms of the number of fish in the final positions after the overnight trial. However, the time spent by each fish in the lower tank during the overnight trial was significantly longer in SH than in RT. Additionally, the time spent by each fish in the lower tank and plasma cortisol concentration were significantly correlated in RT, but not in SH. Similarly, plasma osmolality after the trial had a significant positive correlation with plasma cortisol concentration in RT, but not in SH. The plasma cortisol and mRNA levels of sodium‐potassium ATPase‐α3 in the gill were negatively correlated, as were several types of cortisol receptors in the gill and brain, in RT. Meanwhile, the genes expressed in SH were positively correlated with plasma cortisol. In SH, plasma cortisol was also significantly correlated with immune and stress‐related factors, which was not seen in RT. Our results suggest that the studied factors are important to behavioral and physiological differences in anadromy among salmonid species.
Maternal schooling and child's age interaction and its association with ultra‐processed food consumption in Brazilian children <5 years of age: Results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI‐2019)
Authors: Mello Juliana Vieira de Castro , Schincaglia Raquel Machado , Andrade Pedro Gomes , Alves‐Santos Nadya Helena , Farias Dayana Rodrigues , Oliveira Natália , Lacerda Elisa Maria de Aquino , Carneiro Leticia Barroso Vertulli , Normando Paula , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro , Kac Gilberto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe consumption of ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) has increased worldwide, including among children. Maternal schooling has been associated with children's UPF consumption. The present study examined the interaction between maternal schooling and child age in the association with UPF consumption in Brazilian children <5 years.MethodsThe Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI‐2019) is a household‐based population survey of 14,558 children <5 years residing in 123 Brazilian municipalities. A structured questionnaire was used to quantify the consumption of nine groups of UPF, according to the NOVA classification, on the day before the interview. The mean, standard deviation and 95% CI for UPF consumption are presented. A multiple Poisson regression model was used, including an interaction between maternal schooling and child age, to estimate the predicted consumption of UPF.ResultsThe prevalence of consumption of at least one UPF group was 81% in Brazilian children <5 years, with the most consumed UPFs being sweet or savoury biscuits/cookies (51.0%), sweetened beverages (37.5%), baby cereals (29.4%) and yogurt (28.1%). Children 6–11 months of age had a lower mean consumption of UPF when maternal schooling was >12 years (0.73 [95% CI: 0.48–0.98]) compared to those whose mothers had ≤7 years (1.55 [95% CI: 1.18–1.92]) and 8–11 years of schooling (1.40 [95% CI: 1.19–1.61]). The interaction model between maternal schooling and child age (p < 0.001) indicated that children of mothers with higher schooling had significantly lower consumption of UPF up to 8 months of age. However, no significant differences in consumption were observed thereafter.ConclusionsThe child age modifies the association of maternal schooling on UPF consumption, that is, UPF consumption was lower for children up to 8 months when their mothers had higher schooling, whereas no significant results were found for older infants.
The development of orofacial complex in bats: Implications for orofacial clefting
Authors: Meguro Fumiya , Higashiyama Hiroki , Pommery Yannick , Wilson Laura A. B. , Tu Vuong Tan , Nojiri Taro , Fukui Dai , Koyabu Daisuke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrofacial morphology in mammals plays a critical role in essential life functions such as feeding and communication, which are influenced by the shapes of these anatomical structures. Bats are known to exhibit highly diversified orofacial morphotypes within their clade, reflecting their varied diets and echolocation behaviors. The presence of bony discontinuities between the premaxilla and maxilla or among the premaxillae is a notable feature of bat orofacial morphology, observed in certain lineages. It is suggested that these unique orofacial morphotypes, not generally found in other mammals, have evolved in relation to dietary adaptations rather than merely for echolocation mode. Until now, the developmental background of the bony discontinuities in the bat orofacial complex has been insufficiently investigated. Here, we present a comparative study of the chondrocranium and epithelial organs in the orofacial complex of three bat species: Cynopterus sphinx, Rhinolophus malayanus, and Vespertilio sinensis. Our observations indicate that the preceding morphogenesis of orofacial cartilage and epithelial structures is remarkably different among these three species. In C. sphinx and V. sinensis, the region forming from the regression of the palatine process of the premaxilla was filled with orofacial cartilage and epithelial structures. We also found that the clefted morphology observed in R. malayanus and V. sinensis was formed via contrastingly divergent developmental processes. Midline clefts among Yangochiroptera have been previously categorized to represent a uniform morphotype, but our study highlights that attributing midline clefts into a singular category should be revisited, advocating for a nuanced categorization of cleft morphology based on their morphogenetic patterns. Further research on the bat orofacial complex may enhance our understanding of bat evolutionary diversification and offer insights into the developmental mechanisms of human cleft palate.
Genetic Variation in the Atlantic Bobtail Squid‐Vibrio Symbiosis From the Galician Rías
Authors: Pérez‐Ferrer P. A. , Ashraf M. , Rodrigues M. , Troncoso J. , Nishiguchi M. K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSymbiotic marine bacteria that are transmitted through the environment are susceptible to abiotic factors (salinity, temperature, physical barriers) that can influence their ability to colonize their specific hosts. Given that many symbioses are driven by host specificity, environmentally transmitted symbionts are more susceptible to extrinsic factors depending on conditions over space and time. In order to determine whether the population structure of environmentally transmitted symbionts reflects host specificity or biogeography, we analysed the genetic structure of Sepiola atlantica (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae) and their Vibrio symbionts (V. fischeri and V. logei) in four Galician Rías (Spain). This geographical location is characterized by a jagged coastline with a deep‐sea entrance into the land, ideal for testing whether such population barriers exist due to genetic isolation. We used haplotype estimates combined with nested clade analysis to determine the genetic relatedness for both S. atlantica and Vibrio bacteria. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) were used to estimate variation within and between populations for both host and symbiont genetic data. Our analyses reveal a low percentage of variation among and between host populations, suggesting that these populations are panmictic. In contrast, Vibrio symbiont populations show certain degree of genetic structure, demonstrating that the hydrology of the rías is driving bacterial distribution (and not host specificity). Thus, for environmentally transmitted symbioses such as the sepiolid squid‐Vibrio association, abiotic factors can be a major selective force for determining population structure for one of the partners.
The Turnip Yellows Virus Capsid Protein Promotes Access of Its Main Aphid Vector Myzus persicae to Phloem Tissues
Authors: Verdier Maxime , Boissinot Sylvaine , Baltenweck Raymonde , Negrel Lise , Brault Véronique , Ziegler‐Graff Véronique , Hugueney Philippe , Scheidecker Daniele , Krieger Célia , Chesnais Quentin , Drucker Martin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMany plant viruses modify the phenotype of their hosts, which may influence the behaviour of their vectors and facilitate transmission. Among them is the turnip yellows virus (TuYV), which can modify the orientation, feeding, and performance of its main aphid vector, Myzus persicae. However, the virus factors driving these mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we compared the feeding behaviour and fecundity of aphids on TuYV‐infected and transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing individual TuYV proteins (CP, RT and P0) to define the role of these proteins in aphid–plant interactions. Aphids on TuYV‐infected plants had shorter pathway phases and ingested phloem sap for longer times, which is expected to promote the acquisition of the phloem‐limited TuYV. No change in aphid fecundity was observed on TuYV‐infected plants. The transmission‐conducive feeding behaviour changes could be fully reproduced by phloem‐specific expression of the capsid protein (CP) in transgenic plants, whereas expression of P0 had minor and RT had no effects on aphid feeding behaviour. We then carried out a metabolomic analysis to determine plant compounds that could be involved in the modification of the aphid behaviour. A few metabolites were specific for TuYV‐infected or CP‐transgenic A. thaliana, and are good candidates for inducing behavioural changes.
High‐Risk Melanoma: Stage Before Operating
Authors: Makaranka Stanislau , Oo Zon , Pollock Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCurrent NICE guidelines state that in high‐risk melanoma patients, imaging should not be offered before SLNB unless lymph node or distant metastases are suspected. Our experience has been that in patients with pT3b, pT4a and pT4b melanomas, the rate of management‐changing findings on axial imaging prior to SLNB was high and that ‘stage before operating’ is a better approach. We now offer full axial imaging as staging to all high‐risk melanoma patients prior to SLNB and advise other skin cancer MDTs to follow this approach.
Accuracy of Medicaid Physician Directories of Board‐Certified Pediatric Dermatologists
Authors: Tessier‐Kay Madeleine , Beltrami Eric , Sinha Shivani , Feng Hao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPatients may rely on health insurance physician directories to determine who is in‐network and inaccuracies in these directories may lead to delayed access to treatment, unexpected out‐of‐pocket costs, and increased barriers to care. This cross‐sectional study quantifies the accuracy of state‐specific Medicaid directories regarding board‐certified pediatric dermatologists, and compares physicians listed accurately with those listed inaccurately by type of practice and region of practice. The accuracy of all state Medicaid physician directories was 84.7%. Most states with board‐certified pediatric dermatologists had directories that contained inaccuracies and directory accuracy varied significantly by practice type, but not region of practice.
Glycosylation in Canine Placentas
Authors: Zanuzzi Carolina N. , Gomez Castro Gimena , Hernández Rocío , Tozzi Romina , Falcón Juan E. , Barbeito Claudio G. , Diessler Mónica E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article describes the carbohydrate composition of early and mature placentas from bitches, detected by lectin histochemistry. Formalin‐fixed placental samples from 11 mixed‐breed bitches have been assigned to the ‘early’ or the ‘mature’ placenta group, processed by the routine histological technique and labelled with a panel of 14 biotinylated lectins. The glycan distribution was almost completely preserved over pregnancy. Cytotrophoblast cells expressed high‐mannose N‐linked residues and N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, whereas mannose N‐linked residues, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine and β‐ and α‐D‐galactose/N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine have been found in the syncytiotrophoblast. The maternal and foetal endothelial binding pattern was enriched in β‐D‐galactose, α‐D‐mannose in non‐bisected bi/tri‐antennary N‐linked complex and Galα1,3Gal‐Galα1,4Gal. Both deep and superficial glands showed a great variety of glycoconjugates, such as D‐mannose, D‐glucose, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine, galactose, N‐acetylneuraminic acid and fucose. Most results in this study were consistent with those previously reported in canine and feline mature placentas; here, early placentas have been analysed and the lectin binding pattern of mature placentas has been further described. These studies on canine placentas contribute to detecting and understanding glycome changes in pathophysiological conditions.
Lived experiences of mothers: A longitudinal study of impacts and adjustment following adolescent psychiatric hospitalization for suicide attempts or other reasons
Authors: Goldston David B. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Curry John F. , Wells Karen C. , Doyle Otima , Weller Bridget E. , Erkanli Alaattin , Breland‐Noble Alfiee M. , Heilbron Nicole C. , Inscoe Adrienne B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionParents play crucial roles in monitoring and supporting youth who have been hospitalized after suicide attempts, but their adjustment in the period following hospitalization has been understudied. This study assessed the adjustment and impacts on mothers during the year following hospitalization.MethodParticipants included 135 mothers of suicidal adolescents and 117 mothers of adolescents hospitalized for other reasons. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) and the Child and Adolescent Impact Assessment were used to assess psychiatric diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder [MDD], Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD], and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD], and impacts on caregivers at one, three, six, and 12 months after hospitalization.ResultsHigher rates of MDD, GAD, and PTSD, and greater impacts were evidenced closer in time to the hospitalization. There were few overall differences between mothers of youth with and without suicidal behavior. However, family history of suicidal behavior was related to higher rates of MDD and PTSD, and greater severity of youth suicidal thoughts and behavior over the follow‐up was related to greater impact upon mothers of suicidal youth.ConclusionsThis study highlights the mental health struggles of mothers of suicidal and other hospitalized youth and underscores the importance of support for caregivers.
Ghosting: A Common but Unpopular Rejection Strategy
Authors: Freedman Gili , Powell Darcey N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGhosting (i.e., unilaterally ending a relationship by cutting off all contact) is a poorly perceived but common relationship dissolution strategy used to end romantic, platonic, and other relationships. The experience of ghosting elicits a range of emotional consequences including hurt feelings and confusion in the person being ghosted and guilt and relief in the person engaging in ghosting. Ghosting occurs for a variety of reasons including believing that it is the most appropriate form of rejection within digital contexts, desire for ease, and safety concerns. Willingness to engage in ghosting is associated with individual differences such as attachment and implicit theories of relationships. We conclude with suggestions for future research that highlight methodological, as well as sample‐ and context‐based, recommendations to better understand the nuances of ghosting decisions and experiences as they unfold over time.
Identity‐Based Motivation and the Motivational Consequences of Difficulty
Authors: Oyserman Daphna 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDifficulty is an under‐appreciated but powerful motivational force. As outlined by identity‐based motivation (IBM) theory, a social cognition theory of self, self‐regulation, and goal pursuit, people prefer to act (action‐readiness) and understand their experiences (procedural‐readiness) in ways that fit who they are (identity‐congruence). IBM also predicts that experienced identity congruence is context‐sensitive—though experienced as stable anchors, people's identities are dynamically constructed in context. Contexts shape which identities come to mind, what these on‐the‐mind identities imply for action, and what people infer when thinking about a task, goal, or life feels hard. People can draw two inferences (termed difficulty‐as‐importance and difficulty‐as‐impossibility) when a task or goal feels hard to think about and a third (termed difficulty‐as‐improvement) when their life feels hard to think about. IBM predicts, and studies support, a bidirectional relationship among these three components (action‐readiness, procedural‐readiness, and dynamic construction). Situations shape the identities that are on the mind and feel relevant (dynamic construction) and the inferences people draw from difficulty (procedural readiness). On‐the‐mind and context‐relevant identities shape inferences from difficulty. Inferences from difficulty affect identity and action—when applying a difficulty‐as‐importance lens, people feel more certain of attaining their self‐relevant goals. They perform better and find engaging a “me” thing to do—“no pain, no gain”. When applying a difficulty‐as‐impossibility lens, people find engaging a waste of their time and unlikely to yield self‐benefits unless an easy means to goal attainment exists—“cut your losses”. They focus on their virtuous character traits and prefer effortful means to attain self‐relevant goals when applying a difficulty‐as‐improvement lens—“the high road”. Difficulty can be a green light of importance signaling you to get going, a detour sign of impossibility signaling you to shift to something else, or angel wings pointing you to the effortful route.
WHIRLY1 regulates aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in early seedling development of Arabidopsis
Authors: Nguyen Linh Thuy , Moutesidi Pinelopi , Ziegler Jörg , Glasneck Anike , Khosravi Solmaz , Abel Steffen , Hensel Götz , Krupinska Karin , Humbeck Klaus 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYWHIRLY1 belongs to a family of plant‐specific transcription factors capable of binding DNA or RNA in all three plant cell compartments that contain genetic materials. In Arabidopsis thaliana, WHIRLY1 has been studied at the later stages of plant development, including flowering and leaf senescence, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this study, WHIRLY1 knockout mutants of A. thaliana were prepared by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing to investigate the role of WHIRLY1 during early seedling development. The loss‐of‐function of WHIRLY1 in 5‐day‐old seedlings did not cause differences in the phenotype and the photosynthetic performance of the emerging cotyledons compared with the wild type. Nevertheless, comparative RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the knockout of WHIRLY1 affected the expression of a small but specific set of genes during this critical phase of development. About 110 genes were found to be significantly deregulated in the knockout mutant, wherein several genes involved in the early steps of aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL) biosynthesis were suppressed compared with wild‐type plants. The downregulation of these genes in WHIRLY1 knockout lines led to decreased GSL contents in seedlings and in seeds. Since GSL catabolism mediated by myrosinases was not altered during seed‐to‐seedling transition, the results suggest that AtWHIRLY1 plays a major role in modulation of aliphatic GSL biosynthesis during early seedling development. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed a coincidence between the evolution of methionine‐derived aliphatic GSLs and the addition of a new WHIRLY in core families of the plant order Brassicales.
Asymptotic behavior of the ground‐state solutions of Lane–Emden system
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Hu Yichen , Peng Shaolong , Yuan Tingfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following Lane–Emden system:
where , and belongs to the critical hyperbola
We derive the asymptotic behavior of the ground‐state solutions of the above Lane–Emden system.