bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Band Electrochromic Supercapacitor Utilizing Metal–Organic Coordination Polymer with Multi‐Redox Feature
Authors: Cong Bing , Wu Yuqi , Zhou Mingjuan , Zhao Xiaogang , Chao Danming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrochromic supercapacitors, which indicate energy states through optical color changes, are gaining significant attention for their potential in energy saving and recycling. In this study, a novel metal–organic coordination polymer (DTPB‐MCP) is successfully synthesized using an N,N’‐diphenyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (DTPB)‐functionalized phenanthroline ligand. The resulting DTPB‐MCP film demonstrated desirable electrochromic performance in both the visible light (ΔT:77.6% at 730 nm) and near‐infrared (ΔT: 49.2% at 1410 nm) regions, as well as decent energy‐storage capabilities (16.4 mF cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2), attributed to the presence of multiple redox centers. Furthermore, a hybrid electrochromic supercapacitor is also developed by combining DTPB‐MCP with V₂O₅ (DTPB‐MCP//V₂O₅), showcasing a significant optical contrast (47.6% at 750 nm and 14.5% at 1420 nm), an acceptable capacitance of 11.5 mF cm−2 with good rate performance, and impressive cycling stability (maintaining 81% of capacitance after 2750 charging/discharging cycles). In addition, >60% of electric energy can be reused to drive small household appliances during the bleaching process. The design principles outlined in this study offer valuable insights into the development of high‐performance dual‐band electrochromic energy‐storage materials, highlighting their potential applications in energy recovery and reuse.
Tailoring Dielectric Properties and Dimensional Stability of Poly(Phenylene Ether) Using Bismaleimide Crosslinkers for High‐Frequency PCB Applications
Authors: Ban Yejun , Lee Jihun , Shin Hyunseong , Park Seong‐Dae , Yang Hyunseung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the increasing demand for high‐performance printed circuit boards (PCBs) in the 6G communication era, dielectric substrate materials must exhibit a low dielectric constant (Dk), low dielectric loss (Df), and high dimensional stability. In this study, a series of bismaleimide‐incorporated poly(phenylene ether) resins (PPE‐BMI) with varying bismaleimide (BMI) crosslinker contents is developed, exhibiting significantly enhanced dielectric properties and dimensional stability, owing to the restricted polymer chain mobility and increased crosslinking density. Dielectric property measurements reveal that the PPE‐BMI resins exhibit low Dk and Df values at frequencies above 100 GHz, while maintaining an excellent dielectric performance even after an 85 °C/85% relative humidity reliability test. A significant reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion is observed with an increase in the BMI content. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to clarify the role of BMI crosslinkers in reducing the free volume, enhancing the crosslinking in the PPE (poly(phenylene ether)) matrix, and influencing the thermophysical properties of PPE‐BMI. The infiltration of PPE‐BMI into glass fabrics and liquid crystal fabrics highlights their potential for practical use in advanced PCB applications operating at high frequencies.
Digital Outcomes as Biomarkers of Disease Progression in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rábano‐Suárez Pablo , del Campo Natalia , Benatru Isabelle , Moreau Caroline , Desjardins Clément , Sánchez‐Ferro Álvaro , Fabbri Margherita 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOutcomes derived from digital health technologies (DHTs) are promising candidate markers for monitoring Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. They have the potential to represent a significant shift in clinical research and therapeutic development in PD. However, their ability to track disease progression is yet to be established. This systematic review aimed to identify digital biomarkers capable of tracking early PD progression (disease duration <5 years) by reviewing longitudinal studies (minimum follow‐up of 6 months). We evaluated study design and quality, population features, reported DHTs and their performance to track progression. Of 1507 records screened, 15 studies were selected, published between 2009 and 2023, with the majority coming from the last 5 years. Of the 15, 11 were observational and four were interventional trials (follow‐up range: 6–60 months). Twelve different DHTs were used (8 required active tests, 8 in‐hospital use), capturing features related to motor function and daily activities, including five DHTs focused on gait/posture. Rating scales were used as comparators in all but one study. Three DHTs detected longitudinal changes when scales did not, with one study showing larger effect sizes for change over time of selected DHT features compared to rating scales. Four studies showed longitudinal correlations among DHT features and rating scales. Preliminary promising data suggest that DHT‐derived outcomes may help reduce sample sizes in disease‐modifying trials. There is a need to standardize study methodologies and facilitate data sharing to confirm these results and further validate the sensitivity of DHTs to track disease progression in PD. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Unraveling Isoform Complexity: The Roles of M1‐ and M87‐Spastin in Spastic Paraplegia 4 (SPG4)
Authors: Ramakrishnan Skandha , Mohan Neha , Dong Zhangji , Liu Mei , Qiang Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpastic Paraplegia 4 (SPG4) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs, often leading to gait impairment. Central to SPG4 pathology is the die‐back degeneration of corticospinal tracts, primarily driven by mutations in the spastin protein encoded by the SPAST gene. SPAST gives rise to two major spastin isoforms, M1‐ and M87‐spastin, which are generated from distinct translation initiation sites. Although spastin is implicated in various cellular functions, the specific roles of each isoform in the pathogenesis of SPG4 remain poorly understood. This review offers an overview of the genetic and structural organization of the M1‐ and M87‐spastin isoforms, highlighting their distinct and overlapping functions, and exploring their potential roles in the haploinsufficiency and gain‐of‐toxicity mechanisms underlying SPG4. We also present a novel perspective on the evolutionary emergence of M1‐spastin and its potential unique involvement in the pathogenesis of SPG4. Drawing upon the latest research, we propose an intriguing hypothesis regarding the hetero‐oligomerization of M1‐ and M87‐spastin, exploring how their interaction may drive disease progression and open new avenues for therapeutic intervention. By integrating the current research with these fresh insights, we seek to illuminate the complex molecular mechanisms driving SPG4 and foster the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review not only incorporates existing knowledge but also lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at uncovering the isoform‐specific roles of spastin in SPG4, with the ultimate goal of advancing targeted treatments for this challenging neurodegenerative disorder. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Healthcare Utilisation in Danish Primary Care Among Patients With Low Back or Neck/Thoracic Spine Pain Before and After Assessment in Secondary Care
Authors: Clausen Stine , Hartvigsen Jan , Johansson Melker S. , Kjønø Lise Grethe , Grøn Søren , Skovsgaard Christian V. , Storheim Kjersti , Magnusson Karin , Grotle Margreth , Nim Casper 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe characteristics and primary healthcare utilisation in Danish patients with low back pain (LBP) or neck/thoracic spine pain (NTP) 8 years before and 2 years after assessment in secondary care.MethodsIn this cohort study, we included patients aged ≥ 18 who were assessed at an outpatient spine clinic from 2013 to 2021 and linked self‐reported information with national registry data. We calculated the prevalence of all‐cause healthcare utilisation in primary care. Then, we determined changes in the number of consultations from before to after assessment in secondary care using generalised estimating equations.ResultsWe included 56,949 LBP patients and 18,926 NTP patients. The baseline characteristics were similar overall. For both LBP and NTP, all‐cause healthcare utilisation increased slightly over time, with a substantial increase in the quarter before the secondary care assessment and a decrease after. Before the assessment, almost all patients consulted general practitioners (95%), while some consulted physiotherapists or chiropractors (60%). Overall, consultations decreased by 19% and 17% for patients with LBP and NTP from 12 to 1 month before to 1–12 months after the assessment. In contrast, 13–24 months after assessment, we found a slight increase in consultations in both groups compared to the same period before.ConclusionsPatients with LBP and NTP were similar and used similar primary healthcare, which slightly increased over the 10 years. As physiotherapists and chiropractors are first‐line providers of guideline‐recommended spine pain treatment, the finding that 40% did not consult these professions the year before the secondary care assessment indicates that not all patients receive recommended care before referral.
Mathematics Anxiety and Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Austerberry Jen , Mathew Thomas , Johnston Jacqueline , Murphy Maria , Safari Kolsoom , Murray Christine , McKenna Lisa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSound mathematical skills are paramount for effective nursing practice and patient safety.ObjectivesTo explore the factors that influence nursing student anxiety when engaging with mathematics‐related activities in nursing education.DesignA concurrent mixed methods employing cross‐sectional online survey and focus group interviews.SettingOne undergraduate nursing course at an Australian university.ParticipantsBachelor of Nursing students from across academic years.MethodsAn online survey comprising closed‐ and open‐ended questions to assess mathematics anxiety and self‐efficacy and associated factors affecting its application to practice. Focus group interviews to explore anxieties related to mathematics and students' approaches to nursing mathematics. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data using inductive content analysis.ResultsA total of 202 nursing students commenced the survey, of which 135 were fully completed, while 17 students participated in focus groups. Less than half were school leavers. Around three‐quarters reported some level of fear of mathematics, while many lacked confidence, fear of making errors and/or harming patients and negative childhood experiences of mathematics. Survey items demonstrated extensive variation in perceptions.ConclusionsThe complexity and diversity of anxieties presents key challenges for nurse academics seeking to educate competent, safe students. Teaching approaches should be varied and consideration of having specialist mathematics teachers and learning psychologists on teaching teams to ensure student success.Reporting MethodThis study is reported using Mixed Methods Reporting in Rehabilitation & Health Sciences (MMR‐RHS).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The Role of Social Media in Promoting Budget Transparency and Citizen Participation in Kenyan Counties
Authors: Muthomi Frankline , Thurmaier Kurt 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWebsites and social media are digital avenues that enhance information transparency and facilitate citizen engagement in public decision‐making processes. Kenya's county governments have been adopting different digital platforms in compliance with the constitutional mandate of ensuring residents are well‐informed and involved in local decision‐making. However, empirical studies assessing the efficacy of social media, especially in the African context, are lacking. This study examines the extent to which social media is promoting engaged budgeting in Kenyan counties. Trained citizens in 34 counties evaluate the effectiveness of social media platforms in (1) recruiting residents to budget deliberation forums, (2) accessing county budget proposals and decisions, (3) discussing county proposals and decisions, and (4) encouraging residents to actively participate in budget deliberations with the government. Results indicate that respondents generally see social media as effective in these roles. However, village‐level budget champions are more skeptical of these social media roles in county budgeting than area‐level facilitators.
Recent Advances in Potential Biomedical Applications of MXene‐Based Hydrogels
Authors: Hamzehlouy Ali , Tavakoli Dare Masoud , Shahi Farangis , Dawi Elmuez A. , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMXene‐based hydrogels represent a significant advancement in biomedical material science, leveraging the unique properties of 2D MXenes and the versatile functionality of hydrogels. This review discusses recent developments in the integration of MXenes into hydrogel matrices, focusing on their biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, tissue engineering, and biosensing. MXenes, due to their remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and tunable surface chemistry, enhance the mechanical properties, conductivity, and responsiveness of hydrogels to environmental stimuli. Specifically, MXene‐based hydrogels have shown great promise in accelerating wound healing through photothermal effects, delivering drugs in a controlled manner, and serving as antibacterial agents. Their integration into hydrogels also enables applications in targeted cancer therapies, including photothermal and chemodynamic therapies, facilitated by their high conductivity and tunable properties. Despite the promising progress, challenges such as ensuring biocompatibility and optimizing the synthesis for large‐scale production remain. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of MXene‐based hydrogels in biomedical applications, highlighting the ongoing advancements and potential future directions for these multifunctional materials.
Ranking Analysis of Tribological, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Nano Hydroxyapatite Filled Dental Restorative Composite Materials Using the R‐Method
Authors: Yadav Ramkumar , Sonwal Sonam , Sharma Ravi Prakash , Saini Sonu , Huh Yun Suk , Brambilla Eugenio , Ionescu Andrei Cristian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTR‐method as multi criteria decision‐making method was proposed to determine the ranking of alternatives and performance criteria or attributes of dental composite materials. Five alternatives (DHM0, DHM2, DHM4, DHM6, and DHM8: nomenclatures of micro‐nano ceramic particulate filled dental restoration composites) and 14 attributes (performance criteria) were considered in this research. The decision‐maker determined the relevance of each rank and then attributed it to the performance criterion. In a similar manner, the options were ranked in relation to each performance criterion according to the associated performance criteria. Therefore, the order of the ranks of dental composites is DHM8 (1st rank) > DHM4 (2nd rank) > DHM6 (3rd rank) > DHM0 (4th rank) > DHM2 (5th rank). The suggested technique is showed simpler and advance compared to the other generally employed decision‐making techniques.
Modified boron nitride reinforced natural rubber composites and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Linquan , Qin Zhengying , Huang Lifeng , Lin Xinfeng , Wang Zhen , Li Zhenlu , Li Ziwei , Lu Shaorong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor thermal conductive boron nitride (BN)/polymer composites, an overabundance of BN in the formulation may significantly impair the mechanical integrity, thereby restricting their applicability in practical scenarios. In this work, we introduced a novel modifying agent, which was grafted onto the exterior of BN following high‐temperature calcination. The resultant modified boron nitride demonstrated a marked improvement in the thermal conductivity and mechanical characteristics of natural rubber (NR) composites. Upon incorporating a filler content of 60 phr, the modified boron nitride NR composite achieved tensile strength, elongation at break, and thermal conductivity to 19.34 MPa, 1402%, and 0.735 W/mK, respectively, which represented an increase of 23.97%, 75.69%, and 33.15% over the BN/NR composite. The observed enhancement in mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the composites is the contribution of the novel modifier grafting on the BN surface, which has notably improved the interfacial interaction with NR. In addition, the binding energy, solubility parameter, free volume fraction, and radial distribution function of BN/NR and modified boron nitride NR composites were analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation, which provided support for the interface reinforcement mechanism. This simple and versatile modification method introduced in this work can broaden prospects in the design of natural rubber composites.Highlights
Successful synthesized of a new modifier with long chains.
Interfacial compatibility of composites explained by combining molecular dynamics simulations.
Effectively improved both the mechanical and thermal conductivity of the composites.
Successful use of high‐temperature assisted modification to graft modifiers onto BN surfaces.
Preparation of exfoliated and dispersed thermoplastic starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites via synergy of phase‐transition and ultrasonic in elongational flow field
Authors: Yin Xiaochun , Luo Dan , Jie Xi , Feng Yanhong , He Guangjian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new mixing method and its principle via the synergy of phase‐transition and ultrasonic based on an elongational flow field were introduced in detail. Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites from native corn starch were prepared using this novel method. The scanning electron microscope and x‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed that MMT can be efficiently exfoliated and dispersed evenly in the TPS matrix. Dynamic rheological analysis showed that exfoliated MMT obstructed starch molecular movement, increasing the viscosity and elasticity of TPS/MMT nanocomposites. Thermogravimetric analysis highlighted that evenly dispersed MMT enhanced the thermal stabilities of TPS/MMT nanocomposites. When the MMT content was 9 wt%, compared with nanocomposites prepared by melt blending alone, the tensile strength of TPS/MMT nanocomposites prepared by the new method increased from 5.8 to 14.3 MPa, and the oxygen permeability coefficient decreased from 13.43 × 10−15 cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa) to 5.52 × 10−15 cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa). This new method provided a promising pathway for the preparation of well‐exfoliated and evenly dispersed polymer‐based nanocomposites with excellent mechanical properties and barrier properties.Highlights
A new mixing method based on the synergy of phase‐transition and ultrasonic in an extensional flow field for preparing exfoliated and dispersed TPS/MMT nanocomposites was proposed.
The new method promoted the exfoliation and dispersion of MMT in the TPS matrix.
The performance of TPS/MMT nanocomposites was significantly improved with the introduction of phase‐transition and ultrasonic.
Evaluating How Beliefs Among Pediatric Cardiology Providers May Affect Fetal Cardiac Counseling—A National Perspective
Authors: Haxel Caitlin S. , Ronai Christina , Martens Anna M. , Lim Chelsey C. , Pinto Nelangi , Chiu Joanne S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrenatal counseling following a fetal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is challenging and requires delivery of detailed and complete information to ensure appropriate decision making and pregnancy support.MethodsAn anonymous 50‐item survey was distributed to providers who performed fetal cardiac counseling. The primary purpose was to evaluate on a national scale physician beliefs and attitudes toward available choices after a fetal diagnosis of CCHD and their association with reported counseling practices. Participants were specifically asked to indicate how likely they were to recommend postnatal interventional and/or surgical treatment, postnatal palliative care, or termination of pregnancy. The primary outcome variables were provider responses to statements about pregnancies complicated by CCHD diagnosed in utero.ResultsThere were 138 respondents, with most somewhat or strongly agreeing that providing counseling on surgical and catheter‐based interventions anticipated in the short‐ and long‐term (99%, 136/138), counseling on a “comfort care” alternative with limited intervention (97%, 134/138), and options for pregnancy termination at different stages (91%, 126/138) should be included. Physicians that disagreed with the statement “some life is better than no life at all” were statistically more likely (p < 0.001) to report that prenatal counseling regarding “options for pregnancy termination services at different stages of pregnancy” was important. There was a statistically significant difference in the counseling provided to parents based on the physician's personal and professional views on palliative care and termination of pregnancy.ConclusionPhysicians' self‐reported beliefs impact the counseling content provided to families in the setting of a prenatal diagnosis of CCHD.
Phenotype‐to‐Genotype Description of Prenatal Suspected and Postnatal Discovered Upper Limb Anomalies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Arduç Arda , van Dijk Sandra J. B. , ten Cate Feikje J. , van Doesburg Margriet H. M. , Linskens Ingeborg H. , van Leeuwen Elisabeth , van Maarle Merel C. , Pajkrt Eva 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate phenotype and genotype characteristics of fetuses and children with upper limb anomalies.MethodRetrospective cohort study of a prenatal and postnatal cohort with upper limb anomalies from January 2007 to December 2021 in a Fetal Medicine Unit. Prenatally on ultrasound suspected upper limb anomalies, such as transverse and longitudinal reduction defects, polydactyly, and syndactyly, and postnatally identified children referred to the Congenital Hand Team were evaluated separately.ResultsThe prenatal group included 199 pregnancies: 64 transverse and 19 longitudinal reduction defects, 103 polydactylies, and 13 cases with syndactyly. The majority of cases with longitudinal reduction defects (n = 10, 52.6%), polydactyly (n = 62, 60.2%), and syndactyly (n = 10, 76.9%) were non‐isolated, as opposed to transverse reduction defects, which were generally isolated (n = 41, 64.1%). The postnatal cohort included 362 children with upper limb anomalies with 49 transverse and 22 longitudinal reduction defects, 226 polydactylies, and 65 syndactylies. Chromosomal or monogenic abnormalities were identified in 76/199 (38.2%) cases of the prenatal cohort and in 31/362 (8.6%) cases of the postnatal cohort.ConclusionPrenatal identification of minor defects of the digits is a challenge, with more postnatal than prenatal cases. The majority of cases with isolated anomalies in both groups had no underlying chromosomal or monogenic cause, nor were they associated with a syndrome, as compared to the non‐isolated cases. Conducting structural anomaly scans and genetic counseling are crucial to assess the risk of genetic abnormalities.