bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Muscle–Tendon Unit Length on Child–Adult Difference in Neuromuscular Fatigue
Authors: PIPONNIER ENZO , MARTIN VINCENT , CHALCHAT EMERIC , BONTEMPS BASTIEN , JULIAN VALÉRIE , BOCOCK OLIVIA , DUCLOS MARTINE , RATEL SÉBASTIEN 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the development and etiology of neuromuscular fatigue of the knee extensor muscles at different muscle–tendon unit (MTU) lengths during repeated maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) between boys and men.

Methods
Twenty-two prepubertal boys (9–11 yr) and 22 men (18–30 yr) performed three knee extensor fatigue protocols at short (SHORT), optimal (OPT), and long (LONG) MTU lengths, consisting of repeating 5-s MVIC interspersed with 5-s passive recovery periods until torque reached 60% of the initial MVIC torque. The etiology of neuromuscular fatigue was identified using noninvasive methods such as surface electromyography, near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic nerve stimulation and twitch interpolation technique.

Results
The number of repetitions was significantly lower in men at OPT (14.8 ± 3.2) and LONG (15.8 ± 5.8) than boys (39.7 ± 18.4 and 29.5 ± 10.2, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas no difference was found at SHORT between both age groups (boys, 33.7 ± 15.4; men, 40.9 ± 14.2). At OPT and LONG boys showed a lower reduction in the single potentiated twitch (Qtwpot) and a greater decrease in the voluntary activation level than men. At SHORT, both populations displayed a moderate Qtwpot decrement and a significant voluntary activation reduction (P < 0.001). The differences in maximal torque between boys and men were almost twice greater at OPT (223.9 N·m) than at SHORT (123.3 N·m) and LONG (136.5 N·m).

Conclusions
The differences in neuromuscular fatigue between children and adults are dependent on MTU length. Differences in maximal torque could underpin differences in neuromuscular fatigue between children and adults at OPT and SHORT. However, at LONG these differences do not seem to be explained by differences in maximal torque. The origins of this specific effect of MTU length remain to be determined.
DNA interference by a mesophilic Argonaute protein, CbcAgo
Authors: García-Quintans Nieves , Bowden Laurie , Berenguer José , Mencía Mario 
Published: March 2019

Background: The search for putative enzymes that can facilitate gene editing has recently focused its attention on Argonaute proteins from prokaryotes (pAgos). Though they are structural homologues of human Argonaute protein, which uses RNA guides to interfere with RNA targets, pAgos use ssDNA guides to identify and, in many cases, cut a complementary DNA target. Thermophilic pAgos from Thermus thermophilus, Pyrococcus furiosus and Methanocaldococcus jasmanii have been identified and thoroughly studied, but their thermoactivity makes them of little use in mesophilic systems such as mammalian cells. Methods: Here we search for and identify CbcAgo, a prokaryotic Argonaute protein from a mesophilic bacterium, and characterize in vitro its DNA interference activity. Results: CbcAgo efficiently uses 5’P-ssDNA guides as small as 11-mers to cut ssDNA targets, requires divalent cations (preferentially, Mn2+) and has a maximum activity between 37 and 42 °C, remaining active up to 55 °C. Nicking activity on supercoiled dsDNA was shown. However, no efficient double-strand breaking activity could be demonstrated. Conclusions: CbcAgo can use gDNA guides as small as 11 nucleotides long to cut complementary ssDNA targets at 37ºC, making it a promising starting point for the development of new gene editing tools for mammalian cells.
Case Report: Presentation of an unusual cause of carpal tunnel syndrome with accompanying literature review
Authors: Patiniott Paul , Herath Matheesha , Riddell Peter 
Published: March 2019

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a condition seen commonly in clinical practice; high-flow arteriovenous malformations (AVM) can be a rare but important cause. Case Report: We discuss a case of a patient who had developed left CTS in the fifth decade of life as the result of a progressively enlarging congenital peripheral AVM affecting his left upper limb. This case illustrates the clinical challenges encountered in the surgical and interventional management of this complex issue. Discussion:High-flow AVMs affecting the extremities may be comprised of a convoluted network of vessels in high-flow, low-resistance systems that often recur despite intervention. Conclusion: Peripheral AVM affecting the hand can be a rare and therapeutically challenging cause of carpal tunnel syndrome that warrants multidisciplinary team discussion.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING OF TENESTROL SUBSTANCE OF ESTROGENIC AC-TION FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF FERULA TENUISECTA
Authors: Маматханова (Mamatkhanova) Мунирахон (Munirakhon) Ахматхон кизи (Ahmatkhon kizi) , Халилов (Khalilov) Равшанжон (Ravshanzhon) Муратджанович (Muratdzhanovich) , Котенко (Kotenko) Любовь (Lyubov') Дмитриевна (Dmitrievna) , Маматханов (Mamatkhanov) Ахматхон (Ahmatkhon) Умарханович (Umaralievich) 
Published: March 2019

Extraction of the sum of esters of the sesquiterpene alcohols from the aerial part of Ferula tenuisecta and purification of obtained extract were studied, allowing in following to get the final substance without green coloration. It was determined the optimum adsorbent – actuated coal and its amount for removing the green coloration of water-alcohol extract from used raw materials. It was found that for the purification of the bottoms of water-alcohol extract, five-fold treatment with extractive petrol in a volume ratio of water solution – solvent 2:1 is necessary, and for extraction esters from a purified water solution – three-fold extraction with ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of water solution – solvent 2:1.
It was used a filler to effective drying the substance of Tenestrol. The microcrystalline cellulose in a weight ratio from 1:8 to 1:10 to the raw material was chosen as the optimum filler.
Technology for obtain of substance of esters of sesquiterpene alcohols with estrogenic action from the aerial part of Ferula tenuisecta was developed and called “Tenestrol”. From this technology substance "Tenestrol" with yield of 3.8% by weight of the raw material is obtained, which contains not less 20% of the esters.
Step-based evolution support among networked production automation systems
Authors: Haubeck Christopher , Bornholdt Heiko , Lamersdorf Winfried , Chakraborty Abhishek , Fay Alexander 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Production systems are no longer rigid, unyielding, and isolated systems anymore. They are rather interconnected cyber-physical systems with an evolution process that needs to be supported. To enable reusability in evolution, a change-first cooperative support is proposed that relies on model-based evolution steps. The approach establishes a network-wide evolution process in a peer-to-peer networked community. Thus, moving towards decentralised marketplaces for evolution steps.
Image schemas, mimetic schemas and children's gestures
Authors: Zlatev Jordan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mimetic schemas, unlike the popular cognitive linguistic notion of image schemas, have been characterized in earlier work as explicitly representational, bodily structures arising from imitation of culture-specific practical actions (Zlatev 2005, 2007a, 2007b). We performed an analysis of the gestures of three Swedish and three Thai children at the age of 18, 22 and 26 months in episodes of natural interaction with caregivers and siblings in order to analyze the hypothesis that iconic gestures emerge as mimetic schemas. In accordance with this hypothesis, we predicted that the children's first iconic gestures would be (a) intermediately specific, (b) culture-typical, (c) falling in a set of recurrent types, (d) predominantly enacted from a first-person perspective (1pp) rather than performed from a third-person perspective (3pp), with (e) 3pp gestures being more dependent on direct imitation than 1pp gestures and (f) more often co-occurring with speech. All specific predictions but the last were confirmed, and differences were found between the children's iconic gestures on the one side and their deictic and emblematic gestures on the other. Thus, the study both confirms earlier conjectures that mimetic schemas “ground” both gesture and speech and implies the need to qualify these proposals, limiting the link between mimetic schemas and gestures to the iconic category.
Stability of an AQCQ functional equation in non-Archimedean (n, β)-normed spaces
Authors: Liu Yachai , Yang Xiuzhong , Liu Guofen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we adopt direct method to prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of an additivequadratic-cubic-quartic functional equation

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in non-Archimedean (n, β)-normed spaces.
Serum inflammatory cytokines comparison in gastric cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Li , Ren Lehao , Shan Keshu , Guo Xiaobo , Wang Jinshen , Cui Bin , An Jie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
To compare serum inflammatory cytokines between laparoscopic-assisted and open radical gastrectomy in the perioperative period, 80 cases of advanced gastric cancer were chosen for the study. They were divided into laparoscopy group (40 cases) and abdominal open surgery group (40 cases), performed laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrostomy and conventional open radical gastrectomy, respectively. Serum Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP were measured by ELISA on preoperative day 1, post-operative day 1 and post-operative day3. Serum HO-1, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP had no significant difference between the laparoscopy group and the open group on pre-operative day 1. Serum HO-1, IL-6 and CRP of the laparoscopy group were significantly lower than that of the open group on post-operative day 1 and day 3 except for Serum TNF-α which had no significant difference. Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy was minimally invasive compared with conventional open radical gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer patients.
Intramolecular force-compensated hydrogel-based sensors with reduced response times
Authors: Binder Simon , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The method of intramolecular force compensation forms a new approach for reducing the response time of hydrogel-based chemical sensors and improving their long-term stability. The principle is based on a single bisensitive hydrogel, that fulfills both the function of a sensor and an actuator. This paper presents the measuring principle, the required bisensitive hydrogel and a sensor setup. The results show the desired bisensitivity of the sensor to the temperature and ion concentration as well as the successful reduction of the response time by more than 50 % compared to the conventional deflection method. The continuous sensor operation with the application of varying measuring solvents indicates a negligibly low hysteresis behaviour.
Electromigration in Single Crystal Cadmium 1,*
Authors: Alexander W. B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Measurements of electromigration in single crystals of cadmium have been made as a function of orientation. The resulting values for the effective charge numbers are
Z =1.54 ± 0.15 and Z⊥=3.20±0.3.
The results are also expressed in terms of the effective charges for the separate atomic jumps, (1) to a vacancy in the same basal plane and (2) to a vacancy in an adjoining plane. While the parallelism of these findings with those for zinc is apparent, there is one significant difference. In cadmium vacancy creation (and annihilation) tends to alter the c-axis dimension preferentially.
Electrotransport on Surfaces and Interfaces
Authors: Adam P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A summary of possible mechanisms of surface and interface mass transport in the presence of an electric field and current, and a brief review of experimental data are presented. Emphasis has been given to the relationship between faceting on metal surfaces and a charge carrier flow. A theory for this is presented based on the theory of pure thermal faceting by Mullins 8. The cal­culated values of the effective charge show a negative temperature gradient and are close to one for reasonably high temperatures, proving that the “drift term” caused by charge carrier scattering is negligible
The Volumes of Formation of Schottky Defects in Ionic Crystals
Authors: Faux I. D. , Lidiard A. B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper we calculate the volumes and energies of formation of Schottky defects in the alkali halides NaCl, NaBr, KCl and KBr. Both the polarisable point-dipole and a simple shell model are evaluated. The calculation uses a generalised and extended Mott-Littleton approach in conjunction with results derived previously by the lattice statics method of Kanzaki. The polarisable point-dipole model, as might be expected, is bad, but the shell model leads to good values for the Schottky formation energies, which not only compare well with experiment but are insensitive to the size of the region (‘region I’) around the defect for which the lattice displacements are computed explicitly (i. e. as distinct from the outer Mott-Littleton region, ‘region II’) . The predicted volumes of formation of Schottky defects are less than the molecular volume, νm, i. e. the volumes of relaxation are negative (NaCl, - 0.69 vm; NaBr, - 0.73 vm; KCl, - 0.52 vm; KBr, -0,51 vm in the static lattice approximation). This is in conflict with the results of experiments on the effect of pressure upon the ionic conductivity of these crystals although some other experimental data are consistent with negative relaxation volumes. The disagreement is briefly discussed and the possibility that temperature effects are greater than is implied by the quasi-harmonic model is noted as a possible explanation
Self-Diffusion in Molten Lithium. Isotopic mass dependence
Authors: Murday J. S. , Cotts R. M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The liquid state self-diffusion coefficients of Li6 and Li7 in isotopically enriched Li6 and Li7 metal and in several isotopic alloys have been measured by the nuclear magnetic resonance spin echo, pulsed magnetic gradient technique. At the melting point 180.5 °C, the self diffusion co­efficients are measured as Dm
6= (6.8 + 0.7) · 10-5 cm2/sec for Li6 in 99% Li6, and Dm7 = (5.8 ± 0.6) -10-5 cm2/sec for Li7 in 99.9% Li7. The ratio of measured values (Dm6/Dm7) = 1.18 ± 0.07, which is greater than the square root of the mass ratio, (m7/m6) 1/2 = 1.08. The isotopic ratio of self diffusion coefficients is observed to be less than the ratio of the mutual diffusion coefficients in almost pure Li6 and almost pure Li7, (Dᴍm6/Dᴍm7) = 1.35, and the viscosity ratio, (η7/η6) = 1.44. The dependence of D upon isotopic alloy concentration appears to be relatively weak and linear in all but the very low concentrations. As a test of the experimental method, D was measured in liquid Na, H2O , and D2O . In liquid sodium at the melting point, D = (3.7 + 0.3) • 10-5 cm2/sec. The Na measurement and the values of D in water are about 5% below other published data, but they are in agreement within experimental uncertainties. Results of this experiment contain syste­matic corrections amounting to 15 - 20% caused principally by the finite size of the droplets of the liquid metal samples. The corrections as well as the limitations of the technique in measurement of self diffusion coefficients in metals are discussed
Centrifugal Distortion Parameters of Fulminic Acid, HCNO, from the Millimeter-Wave Rotational Spectra
Authors: Winnewisser Manfred , Winnewisser Brenda P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A newly designed millimeter-wave spectrometer has been employed for precise measurements of the millimeter-wave rotational spectrum of HCNO. Absorptions in several excited vibrational states as well as the ground state could be measured. The present paper presents the observed frequen­ cies and molecular constants obtained for the ground state and the first excited state of v4 and of v5, the vibrational bending modes
Stimulated Raman Scattering from a Polariton in LiJO3
Authors: Schrotter H. W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering from the polariton associated with the phonon of symmetry A at 793 cm-1 was observed at 753 cm-1 from the ruby exciting line for 0° scattering, to­ gether with the second Stokes component at 1506 cm-1
New Star Shape Tetra-Cationic Surfactant Synthesis and Evaluation as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Different Acidic Media
Authors: El-Sharaky Elsayed A. , Khamis Eman A. , El-Azabawy Olfat E. , El-Tabei Aziza S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new star shape tetra-cationic surfactant was synthesized to evaluate as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in different acid media. This surfactant prepared by the reaction of tris(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) O,O′,O′′-(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)) trimaleate with 1-bromododecane and abbreviated as STCS. The chemical structure of the prepared surfactant was confirmed by FT-IR,13C and1HNMR and elemental analysis. Their aggregation behavior in watery solution was explored by surface tension measurements. The surface tension of water was decreased nearly to 35 mN m−1when adding the surfactant. This result demonstrates that the surfactant shows remarkable surface activity, due to the effect of the head groups. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the surfactant on the carbon steel surface in 1 M hydrochloride acid and 1 M H2SO4was evaluated using the electrochemical measurements. These measurements revealed that the synthesized surfactant act as effective mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Their adsorption on a carbon steel surface was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was enhanced with increasing the concentration of inhibitor and increasing the temperatures. The results of the quantum chemical calculations and the electrochemical measurements were in good agreement.
Laboratory Investigation on the Effect of Emulsion Type and Additive on Microsurfacing Mix
Authors: Bhargava Nishant , Lynshing Bright Star Well , Ryntathiang Teiborlang L. , Siddagangaiah Anjan Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, the effect of emulsion type and additive on the performance of microsurfacing mix is evaluated both for initial mix characteristics and long-term performance. Three mix formulations were used for microsurfacing performance assessment, including cationic slow set (CSS) 1-h, cationic quick set (CQS) 1-h Mix 1 with additive, and CQS 1-h Mix 2 without additive. Here, the additive used primarily imparts rapid setting and acts as an adhesion promoter. Also, for each formulation, microsurfacing performance was assessed at 4 emulsion contents. The initial properties were evaluated in terms of workability, set and cure time of the mix, and filler–emulsion compatibility. On the other hand, long-term performance of the mix was assessed in terms of resistance to raveling and rutting. It was found that the emulsion type had a major effect on cohesion development where the mix with CSS 1-h emulsion had relatively lower cohesion than CQS 1-h Mix 1. The abrasion loss and sand adhesion were also affected by emulsion type, which could probably be attributed to better compatibility of CQS 1-h emulsion with the aggregates used in this study. It was also interesting to note that although the performance of CQS 1-h Mix 1 was acceptable, the addition of additive resulted in substantial improvement of both workability and performance. The filler–emulsion compatibility increased from 4 to 12 points with the use of additive. The abrasion loss was reduced by 262 to 663 % depending on the emulsion content. Statistical analysis at the 5 % significance level also showed that both emulsion type and additive had a significant influence on microsurfacing performance in terms of mixing time, consistency, cohesion, raveling, and rutting resistance. However, the resistance to moisture damage provided by additive resulted in insignificant differences between CSS 1-h and CQS 1-h Mix 1.
A Screen for Synaptic Growth Mutants Reveals Mechanisms That Stabilize Synaptic Strength
Authors: Goel Pragya , Khan Mehak , Howard Samantha , Kim Giwoo , Kiragasi Beril , Kikuma Koto , Dickman Dion 
Published: March 2019

Synapses grow, prune, and remodel throughout development, experience, and disease. This structural plasticity can destabilize information transfer in the nervous system. However, neural activity remains stable throughout life, implying that adaptive countermeasures exist that maintain neurotransmission within proper physiological ranges. Aberrant synaptic structure and function have been associated with a variety of neural diseases, including Fragile X syndrome, autism, and intellectual disability. We have screened 300 mutants inDrosophilalarvae of both sexes for defects in synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junction, identifying 12 mutants with severe reductions or enhancements in synaptic growth. Remarkably, electrophysiological recordings revealed that synaptic strength was unchanged in all but one of these mutants compared with WT. We used a combination of genetic, anatomical, and electrophysiological analyses to illuminate three mechanisms that stabilize synaptic strength despite major disparities in synaptic growth. These include compensatory changes in (1) postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor abundance, (2) presynaptic morphology, and (3) active zone structure. Together, this characterization identifies new mutants with defects in synaptic growth and the adaptive strategies used by synapses to homeostatically stabilize neurotransmission in response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reveals compensatory mechanisms used by synapses to ensure stable functionality during severe alterations in synaptic growth using the neuromuscular junction ofDrosophila melanogasteras a model system. Through a forward genetic screen, we identify mutants that exhibit dramatic undergrown or overgrown synapses yet express stable levels of synaptic strength, with three specific compensatory mechanisms discovered. Thus, this study reveals novel insights into the adaptive strategies that constrain neurotransmission within narrow physiological ranges while allowing considerable flexibility in overall synapse number. More broadly, these findings provide insights into how stable synaptic function may be maintained in the nervous system during periods of intensive synaptic growth, pruning, and remodeling.