bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bonding of adhesives to Er:YAG laser-treated dentin
Authors: Koliniotou-Koumpia Eugenia , Kouros Pantelis , Zafiriadis Lazaros , Koumpia Effimia , Dionysopoulos Pavlos , Karagiannis Vassilis 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjective: The shear bond strength of adhesives applied to dentin was investigated after irradiation with an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser.Methods: Superficial and deep dentin specimens from human molars were treated either with carbide bur or an Er:YAG laser. Two etch and rinse adhesives (Single Bond and XP Bond) and two self-etch adhesives (Prompt L-Pop and Xeno III) were employed to bond the composite. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined after storage in water for 24 h using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure patterns and modes were analyzed and evaluated using a stereomicroscope. In addition, samples were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM evaluation. A linear mixed model was used, and pairwise comparisons were made using the Bonferroni test.Results: Results showed significant differences between the levels of dentin treatment (p=.01) in carbide bur-cut dentin and lased dentin, as well as significant interaction effects due to the depth of dentin and the bonding system used. The etch and rinse adhesives bonded less effectively with lased dentin than with carbide bur-cut dentin, while self-etch adhesives bonded equally well with lased and bur-cut superficial dentin but much less effectively with lased deep dentin than with bur-cut deep dentin. SEM revealed a predominantly adhesive failure mode in laser-ablated fractured specimens, while a mixed failure mode was apparent in the bur-cut fractured specimens.Conclusions: Cavities prepared by laser seem less receptive to adhesive procedures than conventional bur-cut cavities. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:16-23)
Development of an intracanal mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its susceptibility to some antimicrobial intracanal medications; an in vitro study
Authors: Mohamed Saber Shehab El-Din , El-Hady Soha A 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: To develop a mature biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis inside the root canal system and to test its susceptibility to some antimicrobial medications in vitro.Methods: Single rooted premolars were mechanically enlarged, sterilized, and then infected with a clinical isolate of E. faecalis. Biofilm formation and maturation was monitored using SEM. Biofilm bacteria were exposed to Amoxicillin+clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, Doxycycline, and calcium hydroxide as intracanal medications for 1 week. Finally bacterial samples were collected, and colony-forming units were enumerated.Results: SEM examination confirmed the formation of a mature biofilm at the end of the incubation period. All the chemotherapeutic agents used were significantly better than Calcium hydroxide in elimination of biofilm bacteria. The antimicrobial effect of Amoxicillin + clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin and Clindamycin was significantly better than Doxycycline (P=.05). However the difference in the antimicrobial effectiveness among them was statistically non-significant (P=.05).Conclusions: The method used for bacterial biofilm development and maturation is reliable and can be used to assess the anti bacterial potential of endodontic materials. Also, the local application of antibacterial agents can be beneficial in resistant cases of apical periodontitis but only after careful culture and sensitivity testing to choose the appropriate agent for the existing flora. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:43-50)
Alveolar and symphysis regions of patients with skeletal class II division 1 anomalies with different vertical growth patterns
Authors: Esenlik Elcin , Sabuncuoglu Fidan  Alakus 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar and symphysis region properties in hyper-, hypo-, and normodivergent Class II division 1 anomaliesMethods: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 111 young adult female patients with skeletal Class II division 1 anomalies were compared to those of 54 Class I normal subjects (control group). Class II cases were divided into hyperdivergent (n = 58), hypodivergent (n = 19), and normodivergent groups (n = 34). The heights and widths of the symphysis and alveolus and the depth of maxillary palate were measured on the lateral cephalogramsResults: Mean symphysis width was wider in the hypodivergent Class II group than in the other groups, while mean symphysis height was similar among all groups. Maxillary palatal depth, upper incisor angle, upper and lower molar alveolar heights, and Id–Id′ width were also similar among groupsConclusion: Symphysis width is the main factor in the differential diagnosis of Class II division 1 anomaly rather than symphysis height and hypodivergent Class II Division 1 anomaly is more suitable for mandibular incisors movements. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:123-132)
Interfacial integrity of bonded restorations with self-etching adhesives: Water storage and thermo-mechanical cycling
Authors: Martins Gislaine  Cristine , Sánchez-Ayala Alfonso , D’Alpino Paulo  Henrique Perlatti , Calixto Abraham  Lincoln , Gomes João  Carlos , Gomes Osnara Maria Mongruel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: Objective: To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on the microleakage (μL) and axial gap width (AG) of Class V bonded restorations in premolars using self-etching adhesive systems. The bond strength of composite restorations to dentin (μTBS) using the same adhesives was also evaluated in third molars after water storage: 24 h and 6 months. The research hypotheses were tested for the results of two self-etching adhesives in comparison when a conventional two-step adhesive was used: (1) the μL and AG would be lower, regardless of TMC; (2) the μTBS of self-etching adhesives would be higher, irrespective of evaluation times.Methods: Sixty Class V composite restorations were made in 30 premolars and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2), AdheSE (ASE), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL-P) (n=20). Dentin μL and AG were immediately measured for half of the sample. The other half was evaluated after TMC. Eighteen third molars were also selected and bonded using the same adhesives to test the μTBS to dentin. Specimens were evaluated after 24 h and 6 months of water storage.Results: No differences in μL and AG were found among the groups (P>.05). The μTBS mean values were: ASB2>ASE>APL-P (P<.05); only Adper Single Bond 2 presented a significantly lower μTBS after water storage (P<.05)Conclusions: The bonding approach does not influence the microleakage and interfacial gap extension. Despite the decrease in the mean values, the bond strength to dentin of the conventional, two-step adhesive remains high after 6 months of water storage. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:169-177)
Global oral health course: Perception among dental students in central India
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Purohit Bharathi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA questionnaire study was conducted among dental students in Central India. The study population included 264 dental students, who voluntarily completed a questionnaire, comprising of 16 close ended questions. There were 9 questions to judge knowledge and 5 questions for attitude assessment towards global oral health course. Two additional questions were included to assess the willingness to volunteer in international setting; and also, to assess dental student’s perspection on global oral health course. Chi Square test was used to compare between categorical variables. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare mean of knowledge and attitude scores. P value of ≤.05 was considered significant for all statistical analysis. Eighty seven percent of the surveyed students (222) stated that they would consider volunteering their dental skills as a future dentist in international setting. Majority of the students in the present study were not aware about the global oral health status (99.2%) and theoral health care systems of industrialized and emerging economies (99.2%), had not been trained to serve underserved population (68%), had not been trained in global health ethics (70.1%) and none of the students had been trained for cultural competence in addressing international oral health issues (100%). Most of the dental students were not aware, that, WHO created basic package of oral care (63%) about the primary health care strategy (59.5%) and about the role and functions of FDI (66.7%). The majority of students expressed a desire to volunteer their professional services in international settings. However few students knew about WHO’s BPOC or FDI’S role in global oral health. The findings indicate a need for global oral health course among dental students in Central India. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:295-301)
The effects of bluephase LED light
on fibroblasts
Authors: Malčić Ana Ivanišević , Pavičić Ivan , Trošić Ivančica , Simeon Paris , Katanec Davor , Krmek Silvana Jukić 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bluephase light emitting diode (LED) light on cell viability, colony-forming ability and proliferation in V79 cell culture and to determine how much the temperature of the nutrient medium rose.Methods: The investigation included a low (L), soft start (S) and high (H) illumination mode for 20,
40 and 80 seconds. The viability was determined by the trypan blue exclusion test, colony-forming
ability by counting colonies 7 days after exposure and cell proliferation by the cell counts on 5 postexposure
days. The temperature change during illumination was recorded (0.1˚C sensitivity).Results:In each experimental condition, 90-95% of the cells were viable, which was in the same range as the controls. Colony-forming ability was not found to be significantly lower (P<.05). A significant decrease in proliferation was recorded on the 4th post-exposure day with S and H irrespective of time, on the 3rd day with S for 80 s and H for 40 and 80 s, and with S and H for 80 s on the 2nd day (P<.05).The temperature rise was significant with S (P<.05) and H (P<.05), irrespective of exposure duration.SL=78.43%, G=66.65% and P=67.95%. Comparing the %SMHC promoted by 5 soft drinks, SL = C > CL > P = G (P<.05). There was not significant correlation between %SMHC and the other variables tested for the five drinks (P><.05)Conclusions:Dependent on total energy density, LED blue light affects the mitotic activity of cells
in its path to a certain extent. Altered mitotic activity was not noted with illumination at the low power
mode (intensity of 421.7 ±1.1 mW/cm2). The greatest temperature rise was 8.3 ˚C and occurred at the
highest intensity and exposure duration. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:311-317)
Data framework for electricity price setting in competitive environment
Authors: Oprea Simona-Vasilica , Bâra Adela , Preoțescu Dan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The generic term of electricity market is in fact a very complex sector of activity, being the result of the interaction of several markets, such as: the bilateral contracts market, the day-ahead market, the balancing market, intra-day market, and the market for ancillary services. In these circumstances, an electricity supplier needs to address the setting of the selling electricity price to the end consumers. The basic objectives to be pursued are as follows: return on sale for a period of at least one year, maintaining competition on the market, use of a user-friendly price system, financial insurance against fluctuations in the market, and ensuring a cash-flow corresponding to the good functioning of the firm. Considering these objectives, in this paper, we propose a data framework to handle electricity consumption data and a procedure to set the electricity price in competitive environment of the electricity markets. In this regard, a case study for an office building that also includes a restaurant is depicted.
Augmentation of ship’s operational availability through innovative reconditioning technologies
Authors: Manov M , Kalinov T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Machinery failures have negative impact on ship’s technical maintenance, which directly affects her operational availability. Science development allows use of innovative reconditioning technologies in order to increase the ship’s operational availability, and one of the most promising technologies is the Brush Plating. It allows shortening of the recondition time, while minimizing its effect on the base material structure. This technology allows repair using reconditioning with local treatment only in area where is necessary through compact and mobile equipment. Brush Plating technology implementation brings to higher operational availability, less expenditures, and higher profit. Methods used are System Approach, Data Analysis, and Comparative Analysis. In current paper a new method for estimation ship’s operational availability is proposed by the authors. This method in a combination with innovative reconditioning technologies will give an effect on the future ship maintenance program.
Explicit finite difference schemes for solving the one – dimensional tsunami wave propagation equations
Authors: Deleanu D , Dumitrache C L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Because the tsunami wavelength is much longer than the sea depth, the propagation of this powerful destructive wave can be modelled by the non-linear shallow water equations (SWEs). To solve accurately these hyperbolic partial differential equations, one can resort to a variety of numerical techniques, including finite difference method (FDM) or finite volume method (FVM). In this paper, we have selected FDM, as a well verified instrument on other fluid flow problems, to estimate the tsunami wave propagation in one dimension. The ability of four explicit scheme (Forward Euler, Lax Friedrichs, Mac Cormack and Richtmyer) to solve SWEs was tested on three different test problems. Starting from the idea that a tsunami may begin as a sudden rise of a column of water, the first test represents a square or a sinusoidal pulse which breaks up into two identical waves moving in opposing directions on a constant depth seabed. In the other two test problems we simulate a tsunami wave approaching the shore on a variable seabed depth having either o steady or a highly variable slope. The numerical results allow us to assert that, in general, the used explicit schemes lead to a correct description of a tsunami wave propagation, both offshore and near the coastline. The exception is represented by the Forward Euler scheme that, due to its instability, was only used in the first test.
Optimization techniques for determining the section and the economic current density of medium and low voltage power lines
Authors: Pana L , Deliu F , Pasculescu D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In most situations encountered in practice, the choice of section of the overhead or cable lines is made on the basis of the economic criterion in normal operating mode, which is the basic criterion for sizing. The central theme of this paper is the optimization of the section and the economic current density in the medium and low voltage power lines. The first part presents the calculation mathematical model for the determination of the optimal section and the economic current density for the medium and low voltage electric lines, and the section obtained has to be verified based on the criteria of the maximum admitted voltage drop and the mechanical resistance. The case studies presented reflect the results of the corresponding voltage drop in the case of an electric line portion through which a load unit is transmitted, respectively the power corresponding to the optimal cross section and the maximum voltage drop allowed for a medium voltage overhead line.
Consideration about UAV command and control. Ground Control Station
Authors: Vasile Prisacariu , Cioacă Cătălin , Luculescu Doru , Luchian Andrei , Pop Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the field of UAV, information processing centers most often materialize through ground control stations (GCS) that are used in various variants from simple commercial products in the form of tablets or radio control stations for controlling the vector within the visual range at low altitudes and autonomies, or portable, fixed or self-propelled technologies for missions beyond the visual range at high altitudes and autonomies. The article wants an overview of the theoretical bases on the construction and operation of GCS and aspects of flight mission debriefing using freeware tools.
An analysis of whole-body vibration and hand-arm vibration exposure on the Danube ship crew
Authors: Picu L , Picu M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the WBV and HAV exposure on the crew members of river ships. All parameters (acceleration, frequency, exposure duration, etc) negatively influence the performance of the sailing staff. In order to study how the sum of these physical parameters, affect people’s work, a full analysis was made on 11 subjects, on 2 river ships, navigating the Romanian Danube area in January 2019. The vibrations transmitted to the subjects were measured with Maestro 01dB. Also, the meteorological parameters were measured with the Kestrel 5000 Portable Weather Station. All parameters were measured on the main deck. Specific questionnaires were used to detect the negative influence of the transmitted vibrations. Subjects are aged between 42 and 61 years old, most of them are smokers and some of them have health problems. According to ISO 20283-5:2016, ISO 8041:2005, ISO 6954:2000, ISO 2631:2018 and Guide for crew habitability on ships: 2016, there are the following stipulated values for work spaces: maximum RMS level must be 0.214m/s2 (for habitability criteria HAB), 0.178m/s2 (for HAB +) and 0.143m/s2 (for HAB ++). Mean values measured for the whole body vibration were 1.2÷1.4m/s2. The average values of the weather parameters, during the entire route, were normal for this period: temperature - 11÷4°C, atmospheric pressure 970÷1015mbar, humidity 75÷80%, wind speed 10÷30km/h; visibility 1 km, but the extremely dense fog persisted 86.66% of the time. The questionnaire responses showed the presence of musculoskeletal problems in a vibratory environment. Working on a ship is extremely difficult, especially in unfavorable weather conditions. Low temperatures amplify the negative effects of vibrations. It has been found that the values provided by all ISO are far exceeded. Moreover, due to the fact that most ships are old, their operation generates vibrations harmful to physical health. For this reason, a renewal of the fleet is necessary.
Transfer of mass through walls from energetically efficient innovative materials in order to achieve comfort conditions in passive houses
Authors: Calbureanu - Popescu Madalina - Xenia , Bica Marin , Calbureanu - Popescu Diana - Mara , Tutunea Dragos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis of mass transfer through walls from waste sheep wool. The condense accumulation in the outer walls under the conditions of a location in the climatic zone II is analyzed for an ordinary residential building. The conclusions can be used in projecting passive houses and green technologies for passive houses in order to achieve all the performances requested to these types of future buildings.
Rezults on the Optical Transfer Functionof the Optical Systems Evaluation by Slanted Edge Method
Authors: Necsoiu Teodor , Bostan George , Sterian Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The study of the Optical Transfer Function of optical systems by the slanted edge method helps us to calculate and to improve the performances of the Digital Camera. Is known from theory, between the subject of photography and his image, there will always be a small difference, caused by the optical transfer function, which may contain various components that limit the resolution. The article describes a new method of studying the optical transfer function to improve their optical resolution. With regard to the optical devices used in security applications, advanced requirements are necesary for image quality control. Optical sensors become more and more powerful and intelligent with advanced image features analysis. If in the past, to check the optical resolution, the microdensitometer was used, now this function can be performed by the digital optical sensor.The dimensions of the photosensitive pixels of optoelectronic chip are sufficiently good to test the resolution of the lens systems.
The Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency and Eco-friendliness of the Specific Danube Inland Vessels. First Stage
Authors: Tarasenko T , Zalozh V , Maksymov S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Present state of the Danube shipping is differed by insufficient provision of navigation conditions, age composition of the fleet, as well as the fleet specifics – its ability to work throughout the Danube (over 2000 km) when loaded with heavy caravans from non-self-propelled vessels. This specificity significantly differentiates the Danube navigation from navigation on other inland waterways in Europe, which provided year-round through depths, range of transitions to ten times less, and the work carried out for the most part self-propelled dry cargo and tanker vessels.
The study deals with the build a common model for managing energy efficiency and environmental performance of a self-propelled river towing and traction fleet. The differences in transportation technologies in international maritime, European inland and Danube shipping are shown. The issues of rationing of harmful emissions into the atmosphere in shipping on European inland waterways are considered. The analysis of energy efficiency indicators established in international maritime shipping, as well as the peculiarities of their use in inland navigation, was carried out. The principles of the application of energy efficiency indicators to the assessment of environmental indicators of ships in inland navigation have been determined, taking into account the specifics of navigation conditions and other factors determining the operating modes of the ship propulsion complex.
Innovative approach in the study lies in the fact that in the known studies carried out earlier, were considered the Danube fleet operating on the upper sections of the Danube. According to this, the practical solution to the problem of determining the potential to reduce harmful emissions for the existing fleet as well as the formation of the concept of energy efficiency management in the shipping industry is unresolved.
Consequently, the ways of achieving energy efficiency while reducing the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere were identified. A possibility of controlling characteristics of energy efficiency of existing Danube traction and self-propelled fleet without significant modernization and upgrades is presented.
Development and optimization of a three-wheeled electric vehicle frame using structural materials
Authors: Suvac A , Cucu L , Stoica M , Savaniu M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to design a new electrical transportation device using structural materials. It concerns with the idea of a new, safe and ecological way of transportation for people in urban areas. The design consists in developing a three-wheeled electric vehicle frame that can carry loads up to 140Kg, is lightweight and easy to store in closed spaces. The design process consists in developing a 3D model, a physical prototype and the optimization of the frame using CAD software with the finite element method.