bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting Closely-Linked SNPs Based on Local Epistatic Effects for Haplotype Construction Improves Power of Association Mapping
Authors: Liu Fang , Schmidt Renate H , Reif Jochen C , Jiang Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have gained central importance for the identification of candidate loci underlying complex traits. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are mostly used as genetic variants for the analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in populations, but closely linked SNPs that are grouped into haplotypes are also exploited. The benefit of haplotype-based GWAS approaches vs. SNP-based approaches is still under debate because SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium provide redundant information. To overcome some constraints of the commonly-used haplotype-based GWAS in which only consecutive SNPs are considered for haplotype construction, we propose a new method called functional haplotype-based GWAS (FH GWAS). FH GWAS is featured by combining SNPs into haplotypes based on the additive and epistatic effects among SNPs. Such haplotypes were termed functional haplotypes (FH). As shown by simulation studies, the FH GWAS approach clearly outperformed the SNP-based approach unless the minor allele frequency of the SNPs making up the haplotypes is low and the linkage disequilibrium between them is high. Applying FH GWAS for the trait flowering time in a large Arabidopsis thaliana population with whole-genome sequencing data revealed its potential empirically. FH GWAS identified all candidate regions which were detected in SNP-based and two other haplotype-based GWAS approaches. In addition, a novel region on chromosome 4 was solely detected by FH GWAS. Thus both the results of our simulation and empirical studies demonstrate that FH GWAS is a promising method and superior to the SNP-based approach even if almost complete genotype information is available.
„Aktivistische Leerverkäufer“ – eine Überlegung zur Markteffizienz und deren Grenzen im Kapitalmarktrecht
Authors: Langenbucher Katja , Hau Daniel , Wentz Jasper 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Aktivistische Leerverkäufer standen in jüngerer Zeit häufig im Zentrum medialer Aufmerksamkeit. Ihre „Attacken“ auf börsennotierte Unternehmen bewegen sich in einem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen erwünschter Steigerung der Markteffizienz und verbotener Marktmanipulation. Soweit die von Leerverkäufern verbreiteten negativen Informationen zu besserer Markteffizienz beitragen, folgt hieraus eine Verringerung der Informationsasymmetrie zwischen Aktionären und Verwaltung, eines der zentralen Probleme des Prinzipal-Agent-Konflikts. Der aktivistische Leerverkäufer leistet dann einen positiven Beitrag zur Corporate Governance. Anderes gilt, wenn er bei seiner Verbreitung negativer Informationen die Grenze zur Marktmanipulation überschreitet. Der europäische Gesetzgeber begegnet dem einerseits mit Transparenzpflichten, andererseits mit Verbotstatbeständen. Der vorliegende Beitrag ordnet vor diesem Hintergrund das Geschäftsmodell aktivistischer Leerverkäufer ein und grenzt es von anderen Leerverkaufsstrategien ab.
SAFE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS AN OBJECT OF PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN
Authors: Alexаndrоvnа Akimоvа Lyubоv , Valeryevna Chikeneva Irina 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: The main task of this research is to analyze the scientific points of view on a safe educational environment.
Methodology: When writing this scientific work, an analysis was conducted of various sources (scientific monographs and publications) on the topic of creating a safe educational environment. Such methods as analysis and synthesis were used, a systematic approach to data analysis was also applied.
Main Findings: The pedagogical reflection of safety is focused on the problem of providing safe conditions for the reproduction of a viable generation, which actualizes the need for the special design of a safe educational environment for students and the preparation of bachelors of education in this direction. The need to design an educational environment to ensure the safety of students stems from their lack of ability to ensure personal safety and the targeted educational priorities in reproducing a viable generation.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The design of a safe educational environment in its turn is regarded as a special creation of opportunities for human self-development, which involves the introduction of innovations in the organization of the educational process to minimize risks to physical, mental and social well-being, as well as to ensure the quality of education.
Accuracy of in vitro mandibular volumetric measurements from CBCT of different voxel sizes with different segmentation threshold settings
Authors: Dong Ting , Xia Lunguo , cai chenglin , Yuan Lingjun , Ye Nainsong , Fang Bing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To determine the accuracy of volumetric measurements of the mandible in vitro by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to analyze the inﬂuence of voxel sizes and segmentation threshold settings on it. Methods：The samples were obtained from pig mandibles and scanned with 4 voxel sizes: .125 mm, .20 mm, .30 mm, and .40 mm. The minimum segmentation thresholds in Hounsﬁeld units (HU) were set as 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400, respectively, for each voxel size for 3D reconstruction. Laser scanning as the reference, the volumes of each CBCT scanning, the mean iterative distances of superimposition and total positive and negative deviations were recorded and compared. Results：The volumes of CBCT-scan deviated from those of laser-scan by +7.67% to -3.05% with different HU and voxel sizes. The deviation increased with the voxel size. There was a more suitable minimum HU threshold of segmentation (HU100 for .125 mm, 200 for .20 mm, 300 for .30 mm, and 400 for .40 mm) for each voxel size. Conclusions：Voxel sizes and Hounsfield unit thresholds influence the accuracy of volumetric measurements in CBCT scanning. The volume increase with the voxel size, and different voxel sizes correspond to different optimal Hounsfield unit thresholds.
Females Fall More From Heights But Males Survive Less Among A Geriatric Population: Insights From An American Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: El-Menyar Ayman , Tilley Elizabeth , Al-Thani Hassan , Latifi Rifat 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Approximately one third of subjects ≥65 year old and half of subjects ≥80 years old sustain a fall injury each year. We aimed to study the outcomes of fall from a height (FFH) among older adults. We hypothesized that in an elderly population, fall-related injury and mortality are the same in both genders.Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2012 and December 2016 in patients who sustained fall injury at age of at least 60 years and were admitted into a Level 1 Trauma center. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Gp-I: 60-69, Gp-II: 70-79 and Gp-III: ≥80 years old. Data were analyzed and compared using Chi-square, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and logistic regression analysis tests.Results

Forty-three percent (3665/8528) of adult trauma patients had FFH and 59.5% (2181) were ≥ 60 years old and 52% were women. The risk of fall increased with age with an Odd ratio (OR) 1.52 for age 70-79 and an OR 3.40 for ≥80.
Females fell 1.2 times more (age-adjusted OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.05-1.45) and 47% of ≥80 years old suffered FFH. Two-thirds of FFH occurred at a height ≤1 meter. Injury severity (ISS, NISS and GCS) were worse in Gp-II, lower extremities max Abbreviated Injury score (max AIS) was higher in Gp-III. Overall mortality was 8.7% (Gp-I 3.6% vs. 11.3% in Gp-II and 14% in Gp- III). Males showed higher mortality than females in the entire age groups (Gp-I: 4.6% vs 1%, Gp-II: 12.9% vs 4.2% and Gp-III: 17.3% vs 6.9% respectively). On multivariate analysis, shock index (OR 3.80; 95% CI 1.27-11.33) and male gender (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.69-4.16) were independent predictors of mortality.Conclusions

Fall from a height is more common in older adult female patients, but male patients have worse outcomes. Preventive measures for falls at home still are needed for the older adults of both genders.
A Qualitative Transcriptional Signature for Predicting Microsatellite Instability Status of Right-sided Colon Cancer
Authors: Fu Yelin , Qi Lishuang , Guo Wenbing , Jin Liangliang , Song Kai , You Tianyi , Zhang Shuobo , Gu Yunyan , Zhao Wenyuan , Guo Zheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) accounts for about 15% of colorectal cancer and is associated with prognosis. Today, MSI is usually detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific microsatellite markers. However, the instability is identified by comparing the length of microsatellite repeats in tumor and normal samples. In this work, we developed a qualitative transcriptional signature to individually predict MSI status for right-sided colon cancer (RCC) based on tumor samples. Results: Using RCC samples, based on the relative expression orderings (REOs) of gene pairs, we extracted a signature consisting of 10 gene pairs (10-GPS) to predict MSI status for RCC through a feature selection process. A sample is predicted as MSI when the gene expression orderings of at least 7 gene pairs vote for MSI; otherwise the microsatellite stability (MSS). The classification performance reached the largest F-score in the training dataset. This signature was verified in four independent datasets of RCCs with the F-scores of 1, 0.9630, 0.9412 and 0.8798, respectively. Additionally, the hierarchical clustering analyses and molecular features also supported the correctness of the reclassifications of the MSI status by 10-GPS. Conclusions: The qualitative transcriptional signature can be used to classify MSI status of RCC samples at the individualized level.
Identification and analysis of long non-coding RNAs that are involved in inflammatory process in response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection
Authors: Ma Xuelian , Zhao Xiaomin , Wang Kaili , Tang Xiaoyi , Guo Jianxiong , Mi Mi , Qi Yanping , Chang Lingling , Huang Yong , Tong Dewen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Background: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection can cause acute inflammation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a number of biological process including inflammation response. However, whether lncRNAs participate in TGEV-induced inflammation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPECs) is largely unknown.

Results: In this study, the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to analyze the profiles of lncRNAs in Mock and TGEV-infected porcine intestinal epithelial cell-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2) cell line. A total of 106 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. Many differentially expressed lncRNAs act as elements to competitively attach microRNAs (miRNAs) which target to messenger RNA (mRNAs ) to mediate expression of genes that related to Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and RIG-I-like receptor s (RLRs) pathways. Functional analysis of the binding proteins and the up/down-stream genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed that lncRNAs were principally related to inflammatory response. Meanwhile, we found that the differentially expressed lncRNA TCONS_00058367 might lead to a reduction of phosphorylation of transcription factor p65 (p-p65) in TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells by negatively regulating its antisense gene romyelocytic leukemia (PML ).

Conclusions: The data showed that differentially expressed lncRNAs might be involved in inflammatory response induced by TGEV through acting as miRNA sponges, regulating their up/down-stream genes, or directly binding proteins.
Acceptability of the BATHE technique amongst GPs and frequently attending patients in primary care: a nested qualitative study
Authors: Thomas Clare , Cramer Helen , Jackson Sue , Kessler David , Metcalfe Chris , Record Charlie , Barnes Rebecca K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

BATHE is a brief psychosocial intervention designed for physician use in patient consultations. The technique has gained some international recognition, but there is currently limited research evidence to demonstrate its acceptability and benefits to patient care. We conducted a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial and feasibility study to explore the use of BATHE as a key component of a person-focused intervention to improve the care of frequent attending patients in UK primary care.Methods

A nested qualitative interview study conducted within a pilot trial. The trial took place in six general practices in the South West of England. Eligible patients had been identified as being in the top 3% of attenders in the previous 12 months. General practitioners (GPs) were trained to use BATHE during a one-hour initial training session, and two top-up trainings which included feedback on implementation fidelity. GPs were asked to use BATHE with their study patients for a period of 12 months. 34 GPs were trained and documented using BATHE in a total of 577 consultations with eligible patients during the intervention period. At the end of the intervention period, GPs and study patients from the intervention practices were invited to take part in an interview. Interviews were semi-structured, audio-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used.Results

Eleven GPs and 16 patients took part in post-intervention interviews. Benefits of using BATHE included making consultations more person-centred, challenging assumptions that the GP knew what was going on for the patient and their main concerns, and supporting self-management. Difficulties reported included changing existing consultation habits, identifying appropriate consultations in which to use BATHE, and organisational constraints.Conclusions

The study suggests that using BATHE is both acceptable and beneficial but also highlighted some of the difficulties GPs had incorporating BATHE into routine practice. Strategies to reduce these difficulties are needed before the extent of the potential benefits of BATHE can be fully assessed.
An assessment for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities for Management of Pediatric Iron Defficiency Anemia in Saudi Arabia: a Crossectional Study
Authors: Sulayyim Hadi J Al , Omari Ali Al , Badri Motasim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract (249 words).

Introduction : Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global public health issue that affect more than 2 billion individuals worldwide. However evidence for optimal management of IDA is lacking.
Methods : To assess the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic modalities for pediatric IDA employed by physicians in a major public healthcare facility in Riyadh, a validated questionnaire including demographic data and patient case-scenarios related to diagnosis and treatment of IDA was employed. Robust regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with overall score of participants.
Results : Of the 166 physicians surveyed 147(88.6%) were included in the study. Wide variability was observed in IDA diagnosis and therapy practises. For nutritional IDA, only 15.6% recommended no other laboratory tests in addition to CBC. The majority preferred treatment with ferrous sulfate (77.6%) divided into two doses (57.1%), but the total daily elemental iron doses varied widely from 2 to 6 mg/kg. For intravenous iron, 42.9% recommended iron dextran, 32.7% iron sucrose, and 13.4% would continue oral iron. Of all assessed factors, median score was significantly highest in pediatric hematologists compared with pediatricians, family medicine specialists and GPs; p=0.007, and those work in tertiary care compared with those in primary care; p=0.043. However, in multivariate robust regression analysis, overall score was only significantly associated with professional qualification [pediatric hematologist β= 13.71,95%CI 2.48-24.95, p=0.017; pediatrician β= 1.77,95%C (-6.05-9.59, p=0.66; family medicine β= 2.66,95%CI-4.30-9.58, p=0.45 compared with general practitioner].

Conclusion : Wide variations exist among physicians in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric IDA. Intervention programs and national guidelines are urgently needed.
Three-dimensional photographic analysis of the face in European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion: reference anthropometric measurements
Authors: López-Mateos María Luisa Menendez , Carreño-Carreño Javier , Palma Juan Carlos , ALARCON JOSE ANTONIO , López-Mateos Cristina Menendez , Menéndez-Núñez Mario 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Recent non-invasive 3D photography method has been applied to facial analysis, offering numerous advantages in orthodontic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the faces of a sample of healthy European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion in order to establish reference facial soft tissue anthropometric parameters in this specific geographic-ethnic population, as well as to analyze sexual dimorphism. Methods A sample of 100 healthy adult volunteers consisting of 50 women (mean age, 22.92 ± 1.56 years) and 50 men (mean age, 22.37 ± 2.12 years) were enrolled in this study. All participants had normal occlusion, skeletal Class I, mesofacial pattern, and healthy body mass index. Three-dimensional photographs of the faces were captured non-invasively using Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace®. Thirty landmarks related to the face, eyes, nose, and orolabial and chin areas were identified. Results Male displayed higher values in all vertical and transversal dimensions, with the exception of the lower lip height. Larger differences between sexes were observed in face, mandible, and nose. Male also had higher values in the angular measurements which referred to the nose. No sex differences were found in transverse upper lip prominence or transverse mandibular prominence. No differences were found in the ratio measurements, with the exception of intercantal width/nasal width, which was higher in women than in men. Conclusions Reference anthropometric measurements of facial soft tissues have been established in European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion. Significant sexual dimorphism was found, with remarkable differences in size between sexes.
Measles and Mumps Outbreaks in Lebanon : Trends and Links
Authors: Zarif Talal El , Kassir Mohamed Faisal , Bizri Nazih , Kassir Ghida , Musharrafieh Umayya , Bizri Abdul Rahman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract:
Background: Lebanon has experienced several measles and mumps outbreaks in the past twenty years . In this article, the trend of measles outbreaks in Lebanon was studied in an attempt to outline factors contributing to the failure of elimination plans, and to provide potential solutions. The relationship between measles and mumps outbreaks in Lebanon was described and explored.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of confirmed cases of measles and mumps in Lebanon between 2003 and 2018 collected from the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health Epidemiological Surveillance Unit public database was carried out. The information collected was graphically represented taking into consideration dates of cases, age groups affected, and vaccination status.
Results: The mean number of measles cases was 150.25 cases/year in the 1-4 years age group, 87 cases/year in individuals aging between 5 and 14, and 63.68 cases/year in those > 14 years old. In the latter group, only 18.05% were unvaccinated. The mean number of mumps cases was 30.4 cases/year in the <4 year age group and 53.8 cases/year in the 10-19 years age group. During the study period, every spike in measles cases was followed by a similar spike in mumps. 9.66% of measles cases occurred in individuals who received at least 2 doses of the vaccine, 52.26% in the unvaccinated, and 38% in those whose vaccination status was undetermined.
Conclusions: Measles in Lebanon is a disease of the pediatric population, but adults remain at risk. Outbreaks of mumps followed those of measles and were mainly among adolescents. Presence of a large number of Syrian refugees in the country may further complicate the situation. Vaccination activities need to be intensified.
Keywords: Measles, mumps, elimination, vaccine, Lebanon.
Accuracy of Prescribing Documentation by UK Junior Doctors Undertaking Psychiatry Placements: a Multi-centre Observational Study
Authors: Dey Mrinalini , Buhagiar Kurt , Jabbar Farid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives : Medical records are critical to patient care, but often contain incomplete information. In UK hospitals, record-keeping is traditionally undertaken by junior doctors, who are increasingly completing early-career placements in psychiatry, but negative attitudes towards psychiatry may affect their performance. Little is known about the accuracy of medical records in psychiatry in general. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) pertinent to clinical decision-making (“rationale”) for prescribing completed by junior doctors during a psychiatry placement, focusing on the differences between psychotropic vs. non-psychotropic drugs and the temporal association during their placement.
Results : EMRs of 276 participants yielding 780 ward round entries were analysed, 100% of which were completed by Foundation Year or General Practice specialty training junior doctors rather than more senior clinicians. Compared with non-psychotropic drugs, documentation of prescribing rationale for psychotropic drugs was less likely (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.36, p <0.001). The rate of rationale documentation significantly declined over time especially for psychotropic drugs ( p <0.001). Prescribing documentation of non-psychotropic drugs for people with mental illness is paradoxically more accurate than that of psychotropic drugs. Early-career junior doctors are therefore increasingly shaping EMRs of people receiving psychiatric care.
Potential biological control of the pupal stage of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana in the winter season in Chile
Authors: Altimira Fabiola , Barra Nathalia De La , Rebufel Patricia , Soto Sylvana , Soto Rodrigo , Estay Patricia , Vitta Nancy , Tapia Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Lobesia botrana, the European grapevine moth, affects Vitis vinifera L. and other species of economic importance in a number of countries through damage caused by its larvae in berries and associated secondary diseases such as Botrytis cinerea . Control of the moth in urban areas is difficult due to poor chemical management of infested plants in houses. Additionally, in winter, L. botrana is in its pupal stage covered with a cocoon that prevents the penetration of chemical pesticides. For this reason, the objective of this work was to control the pupal stage with a formulation based on the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria pseudobassiana in urban areas.
Results: The strain RGM 1747 was identified as B. pseudobassiana by multilocus sequence analysis . The biocontrol activity of this formulated fungus against the infestation of vines with breeding pupae without cocoons showed 100% infection 21 days after inoculation under winter conditions. Finally, the biocontrol activity of the formulated fungus against natural infestations of L. botrana in winter in urban areas reached an efficacy of 51%. This result suggests that the B. pseudobassiana formulation is able to penetrate the cocoon and contributes to the integrated pest management of L. botrana .