bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Tandem Cycloisomerization/Diels‐Alder Reaction of 1,7‐Enynes
Authors: Logeswaran Ravichandran , Jeganmohan Masilamani 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed methodology for regioselective cycloisomerization and tandem Diels‐Alder reactions of 1,7‐enynes has been described, enabling the synthesis of diverse polycyclic heterocycles with four stereocenters. This stereoselective protocol demonstrates compatibility with various substituted enynes and alkenes, yielding products in 46–90% yield while tolerating a wide range of functional groups, including esters, ketones, and halides. Notably, the reaction with naphthoquinones retains the moiety in the final product, which acts as essential core structures in various natural products and bioactive compounds.
Cellulose‐Based Switchable Circularly Polarized Light Emitter: Photo‐Actuated Chiral Assemblies With Azobenzene Polymers
Authors: Sun Wenye , Tian Bing , An Bang , Teng Rui , Xu Mingcong , Ma Chunhui , Chen Zhijun , Yu Haipeng , Li Jian , Li Wei , Huan Siqi , Liu Shouxin , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCircularly polarized luminescent materials find extensive applications in 3D displays, information encryption, and photoinduced supramolecular chirality. However, controlling the handedness of circularly polarized luminescence remains a significant challenge in advancing optical technologies. In this study, we present a Janus circularly polarized light emitter comprising a fluorescent film combined with chiral nematic cellulose with switchable chirality. The emitter achieves maximum luminescence dissymmetry factors (0.28 and −0.65) through mode switching. In addition, we show the emitter's versatility in inducing chiral helices in azobenzene polymers with varying polar groups, resulting in significant chiral signals. Importantly, the chirality of these polymers can be switched by altering the luminescence mode of the emitter. These results are expected to facilitate the efficient design of chiral luminescent materials and photoinduction devices.
Investigation of Electrolyte Decomposition Byproducts in Gas and Liquid Phases Due to Water Impurities in Large‐Scale Acetonitrile‐Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Phojaroen Jiraporn , Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Santiyuk Kanruthai , Homlamai Kan , Anansuksawat Nichakarn , Tejangkura Worapol , Songthan Ronnachai , Sawangphruk Montree 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of water impurities on electrolyte decomposition in large‐scale cylindrical supercapacitors, with a focus on acetonitrile‐based electrolytes. The research identified ethylene, ethane, and nitrogen as primary gaseous byproducts and acetamide, N‐ethyl acetamide, and trimethylsilyl acetamide as major liquid‐phase decomposition products. Advanced analytical techniques, including in‐situ gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance, revealed that water impurities significantly accelerate electrolyte degradation. The findings demonstrate that water‐induced decomposition mechanisms involve intricate pathways, including Hofmann elimination and hydrolysis reactions. Additionally, the presence of water catalyzes the formation of new byproducts, impacting both the electrolyte and electrode stability. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the degradation processes of supercapacitors, emphasizing the need for stringent control of water content to enhance device longevity and performance. The study's outcomes suggest potential strategies for optimizing electrolyte compositions and electrode materials to mitigate degradation and improve supercapacitor efficiency.
Insights into an indolicidin‐derived low‐toxic anti‐microbial peptide's efficacy against bacterial cells while preserving eukaryotic cell viability
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Lee Jieun , Kang Eunho , Lee Kyoungmin , Lee Kyungeun , Cheon Yeongmi , Lee Seongsoo , Kim Bokyung , Ko Young Ho , Kim Jin Hae , In Su Il , Nam Chang Hoon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a current solution to combat antibiotic resistance, but they have limitations, including their expensive production process and the induction of cytotoxic effects. We have developed novel AMP candidate (peptide 3.1) based on indolicidin, among the shortest naturally occurring AMP. The antimicrobial activity of this peptide is demonstrated by the minimum inhibitory concentration, while the hemolysis tests and MTT assay indicate its low cytotoxicity. In optical diffraction tomography, red blood cells treated with peptide 3.1 showed no discernible effects, in contrast to indolicidin. However, peptide 3.1 did induce cell lysis in E. coli, leading to a reduced potential for the development of antibiotic resistance. To investigate the mechanism underlying membrane selectivity, the structure of peptide 3.1 was analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Peptide 3.1 is structured with an increased distinction between hydrophobic and charged residues and remained in close proximity to the eukaryotic membrane. On the other hand, peptide 3.1 exhibited a disordered conformation when approaching the prokaryotic membrane, similar to indolicidin, leading to its penetration into the membrane. Consequently, it appears that the amphipathicity and structural rigidity of peptide 3.1 contribute to its membrane selectivity. In conclusion, this study may lead to the development of Peptide 3.1, a promising commercial candidate based on its low cost to produce and low cytotoxicity. We have also shed light on the mechanism of action of AMP, which exhibits selective toxicity to bacteria while not damaging eukaryotic cells.
Broadband plasmonic response of silver nanomaze‐based nanogap‐enhanced absorber
Authors: Jung Kinam , Lee Yongtaek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel nanogap‐enhanced plasmonic absorber (NEPA) structure generated using the Gray–Scott algorithm. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations analyzed NEPA's optical properties, varying top pattern thickness from 10 to 300 nm. The simulation results demonstrate exceptional broadband absorption, with rates exceeding 60% across the 90–300 nm thickness range and reaching a peak of 96.73% at 160 nm. The nanogap‐mediated plasmonic nanomaze array exhibits multiple resonance features and complex electric field distributions due to various plasmonic modes. The nearly uniform spacing of the nanomaze pattern maintains consistent plasmonic properties. This innovative approach shows great potential for enhancing plasmonic devices, with applications in solar cells, photodetectors, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, metamaterials, imaging, energy harvesting, and nanoantennas. Our research advances nanophotonics, offering new possibilities for high‐efficiency optical and optoelectronic devices across various applications.
Microbiome‐Based Colon Cancer Patient Stratification and Survival Analysis
Authors: Smyth Joshua , Godet Julien , Choudhary Anisa , Das Anubrata , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Acharjee Animesh 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is any cancer that starts in the colon or the rectum and presents a significant health concern. It is the third most diagnosed and the second deadliest cancer, with an estimated 153,020 new cases and 52,550 deaths in 2023. The severity of colon cancer may be attributed to its ability to avoid the host immune system and growth suppressors, its asymptomatic nature in the early stages, its association with a continually ageing population and unfavourable diet and obesity. The composition of the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of CRC and presents as an important target in early detection and in predicting treatment outcomes in CRC. This study aims to identify microbiome‐specific derived clusters in CRC patients and conduct subsequent survival analysis using the specific microbiome features within clusters.MethodsConsensus clustering and feature selection, involving a Kruskal–Wallis test, a random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were applied resulting in the identification of differently expressed microbiomes between clusters. Lastly, survival analysis was performed on the selected features using Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression. K‐means clustering, as selected using consensus clustering interpretation, presented three distinct clusters with clear differences in alpha and beta diversity and baseline clinical variables.ResultsA total 1311 of the 1406 microbes were selected using the Kruskal Wallis and passed to the random forest and LASSO, which narrowed the dataset to 140 features. Following the survival analysis, eight microbiome species, namely N4likevirus, Ambidensovirus, Synechococcus, Thermithiobacillus, Hydrocarboniphaga, Rhodovibrio, Gloeobacter and Candidatus Nitrosotenuis, were selected as significant in clustering and survival.ConclusionThis study reveals the heterogeneity of the CRC microbiome and its effect on disease prognosis and necessitates further exploration of the biological mechanisms of these selected microbiomes as well further investigation of whether the approach depicted here is applicable to other cancer types.
Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Piper Retrofractum Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, Increased Reactive Oxygen Species Production, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Cervical Cancer
Authors: Chaisri Patcharaporn , Laoprom Nonglak , Buranrat Benjaporn 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCervical cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with high mortality rates and a pressing need for more effective therapeutic options. This study investigates the effects of an ethanolic extract from the fruit of Piper retrofractum (PR) on proliferation and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of the crude ethanolic extract of PR using the sulforhodamine B and colony formation assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function were quantified via flow cytometry. The effects on cell migration were assessed using wound healing and Transwell migration assays. The PR extract exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on HeLa cell viability, leading to reduced cancer cell proliferation. The extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in a dose‐dependent manner and decreased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase at concentrations of 100 and 250 µg/mL. Additionally, treatment with the PR extract resulted in a marked increase in ROS production, disruption of mitochondrial function, and inhibition of cell migration. These findings suggest that the PR ethanolic fruit extract exerts substantial antiproliferative, antimigratory, and proapoptotic effects on HeLa cells. Consequently, the PR ethanolic fruit extract holds promise as a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Chemical Composition and Analgesic and Antidiabetic Activity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L
Authors: Drioua Soufiane , Ameggouz Mouna , Laabar Abdelmounaim , Aasfar Abderrahim , Faouzi Moulay El Abbes , Zahidi Ahmed , Ullah Riaz , Alotaibi Amal , Bouyahya Abdelhakim , Zengin Gokhan , Balahbib Abdelaali , Benzied Hanane , Doukkali Anass 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on identifying active compounds within Chenopodium ambrosioides extracts and fractions, with a specific emphasis on their potential analgesic and antidiabetic properties. The motivation arises from the reported therapeutic effects of the plant and the desire to pinpoint the compounds responsible for these benefits. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry spectrophotometric analysis was employed to characterize chemical constituents in the aqueous extracts (infused aqueous extract and macerated aqueous extract) and fractions (cyclohexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, butanol fraction, remaining aqueous fraction) of C. ambrosioides. Animal models were used to examine the analgesic activity, while α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase enzyme assays were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect. Throughout the investigation, several chemical families were found, including phenolic compounds, alcohols, acids, terpenes, steroids, and others. Trans‐ascaridol glycol, palmitic acid, phenol, octadecadienoic acid, isoascaridol, eicosanoic acid, 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinyl phenol, mexiletine, and thymol were among the significant chemicals found. At a dose of 500 mg/m, starting with α‐amylase inhibition, among the extracts, EAF (59 ± 0.7 μg/mL) showed the highest potency, followed by FA (129 ± 0.22 μg/mL), FB (140 ± 0.9 μg/mL), and EAM (178 ± 0.9 μg/mL). Interestingly, EAI demonstrated a relatively weak inhibition (430 ± 0.2 μg/mL), and no result was reported for FCH in this category. Regarding α‐glucosidase inhibition, the most potent activity was observed with EAM (1.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL), The other extracts demonstrated varying levels of inhibition, with EAI (4.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL) and EAF (140 ± 1.9 μg/mL) showing moderate activity. FA (25 ± 0.9 μg/mL) and FB (34 ± 0.3 μg/mL) exhibited lower inhibition compared to EAM but still outperformed acarbose in this test. The observed synergistic effects of phenolic compounds in Chenopodium ambrosioides provide insights into the biological properties contributing to its reported analgesic and antidiabetic effects. The study underscores the potential of natural plant products for pharmaceutical applications, especially in enzymatic inhibition. All things considered, these results add to the expanding corpus of information about substances originating from plants and their uses in industry and health.
Exploring the Chemical Space of Mycobacterial Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors Using Molecular Modeling
Authors: Matar Islam K. , Dong Zhongmin , Matta Chérif F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMycobacteria are opportunistic intracellular pathogens that have plagued humans and other animals throughout history and still are today. They manipulate and hijack phagocytic cells of immune systems, enabling them to occupy this peculiar infection niche. Mycobacteria exploit a plethora of mechanisms to resist antimicrobials (e. g., waxy cell walls, efflux pumps, target modification, biofilms, etc.) thereby evolving into superbugs, such as extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) bacilli and the emerging pathogenic Mycobacterium abscessus complex. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action of some of the surging antimycobacterial strategies. Exploiting the fact that mycobacteria are obligate aerobes and the differences between their oxidative phosphorylation pathways versus their human counterpart opens a promising avenue for drug discovery. The polymorphism of respiratory complexes across mycobacterial pathogens imposes challenges on the repositioning of antimycobacterial agents to battle the rise in nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. In silico strategies exploiting mycobacterial respiratory machinery data to design novel therapeutic agents are touched upon. The potential druggability of mycobacterial respiratory elements is reviewed. Future research addressing the health challenges associated with mycobacterial pathogens is discussed.
Hodgkin Lymphoma Presenting as Pel–Ebstein Fever: A Case Report
Authors: Shriwastav Ujjawal Kumar , Sundriyal Deepak , Kumar Parmod , Sehrawat Amit 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundProlonged fever of more than a year duration can be a symptom of underlying malignancy. This article appreciates the need for diligent history taking and carefully performed clinical examination, which is fundamental to reaching an initial diagnosis.CaseWe report the case of a middle‐aged male who presented to us with a fever of more than a year duration. The patient's residence was located in a remote area where the nearby tertiary care center was almost 250 km away. He was empirically treated with antibiotics without any success by local physicians. After more than a year, he reported to us and was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma with a characteristic Pel–Ebstein pattern of fever missed earlier by the local physicians. His fever resolved within 5 days of chemotherapy, and he achieved complete remission.ConclusionMeticulous history‐taking and clinical examination are essential for reaching a clinical diagnosis. Malignant causes should be considered in the differentials of prolonged fever.
Investor's ESG tendency probed by pre‐trained transformers
Authors: Li Chao , Keeley Alexander Ryota , Takeda Shutaro , Seki Daikichi , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to climate change and social issues, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) solutions receive increased attention and emphasis. Being influential market leaders, investors wield significant power to persuade companies to prioritize ESG considerations. However, investors' preferences for specific ESG topics and changing trends in those preferences remain elusive. Here, we build a group of large language models with 128 million parameters, named classification pre‐trained transformers (CPTs), to extract the investors' tendencies toward 13 ESG‐related topics from their annual reports. Assisted by the CPT models with approximately 95% cross‐validation accuracy, more than 3000 annual reports released by globally 350 top investors during 2010–2021 are analyzed. Results indicate that although the investors show the strongest tendency toward the economic aspect in their annual reports, the emphasis is gradually reducing and shifting to environmental and social aspects. Nonfinancial investors like corporation and holding company investors prioritize environmental and social factors, whereas financial investors pay the most attention to governance risk. There are differences in patterns at the country level, for instance, Japan's investors show a greater focus on environmental and social factors than other major countries. Our findings suggest that investors are increasingly valuing sustainability in their decision‐making. Different investor businesses may encounter unique ESG challenges, necessitating individualized strategies. Companies should improve their ESG disclosures, which are increasingly focused on environmental and social issues, to meet investor expectations and bolster transparency.
Polymer Networks Assembled by Ruthenium Catalysts for Enhanced Water Splitting Performance in Calixarene Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Lin , Tan Li‐Lin , Liu Yang , Liu Jia‐Xin , Li Xin‐Ao , Liang Zi‐Zhan , Huang Jian‐Feng , Liu Jun‐Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal‐free photosensitizers for the construction of low‐cost and eco‐friendly dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have recently been greatly improved, but the optimization of water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) used in DSPECs based on metal‐free dyes has received little attention. Herein, a series of polymer networks (RuTPA, RuCz, RuPr and RuTz) assembled by ruthenium WOCs (RuCHO) with various organic donors are constructed and combined with calixarene dyes to prepare DSPEC devices. The FTO|TiO2|C4BTP+RuTPA photoanode shows the best performance with 85 % Faraday efficiency for oxygen production and 477 μA cm−2 photocurrent density after 200 s chopping irradiation at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, one of the highest records among other reported dye‐sensitized photoanodes. Compared to monomeric RuCHO, Ru‐based polymers with lower Ru content have higher activity and stability due to their rapid electron transfer and anti‐aggregation ability. Meanwhile, RuTPA loaded electrodes show better performance due to the lower overpotential of the water oxidation reaction caused by the higher electron donating ability of its donor. This pioneering work incorporates Ru polymer networks as WOCs into the calixarene‐sensitized DSPEC system, which has significant potential as a highly efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting device.
A Five‐Level Boosting Inverter for Grid‐Tied Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Choudhary Ankita , Kumar Mandal Rajib 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGrid‐tied photovoltaic (PV) systems using switched capacitor (SC) inverters face challenges related to efficiency, reliability, and power quality. Despite their simplicity and reduced need for passive components, these inverters often experience high voltage stress on switches, limited voltage gain, and significant power losses due to frequent switching operations. These issues can negatively impact the efficiency, lifespan, and cost‐effectiveness of PV systems—factors that are increasingly critical for sustainable energy solutions. To address these challenges, we present a cost‐effective five‐level SC‐based grid‐tied inverter for PV applications. The proposed inverter features seven power switches, a single SC, and one source, providing a two‐fold voltage boost. Additionally, a current control structure is incorporated to regulate synchronized grid current injection. This paper offers a detailed analysis of the inverter's specifications, control technique, PWM scheme, and loss calculations, along with comprehensive design recommendations for components. Furthermore, when compared to recent topologies, the proposed inverter demonstrates superior performance in terms of power devices, leakage current, and efficiency. The design is validated through Matlab simulations and a hardware prototype.
Comparative Plastome Analysis Between Endangered Mangrove Species Acanthus ebracteatus and Acanthus Relatives Provides Insights into Its Origin and Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Fang Zanshan , Li Danfeng , Murong Haien , He Meng , Liu Yuqi , Liu Jiaxuan , Wu Jiaxiao , Li Yingqi , Li Yongyu , Jin Xiang , Yang Yuchen , Zhang Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAcanthus ebracteatus is a typical true mangrove species with great ecological and medicinal values. However, it has become endangered in China. Moreover, because of the similar morphology and distribution, it is commonly confused with the congeneric mangrove species, A. ilicifolius, which poses challenges to the protection and proper medicinal utilization of A. ebracteatus. Plastomes provide a solution for molecular identification and adaptive evolution investigation of plants. In this study, we dissected the complete plastome for A. ebracteatus and performed comparative analysis to A. ilicifolius and three non‐mangrove relatives (A. montanus, A. leucostachyus and A. mollis). Both plastome sequences and structure are highly conserved between the two mangrove species, while less similar between mangrove and non‐mangrove species. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the mangrove species were divergent from the non‐mangrove groups at approximately 15.15 million years ago (Mya), where early to middle Miocene global warming and high sea level might act as one of the main forces driving the mangrove lineage entering into intertidal environments. Furthermore, 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 10 insertions/deletions (indels) were detected between the plastomes of A. ebracteatus and A. ilicifolius. PCR validation further demonstrated the effectiveness of the plastid marker in distinguishing the two sibling mangrove species. Taken together, our study broadens the understanding of the origin and evolution of Acanthus mangrove plants, and provided valuable information on the correct identification and protection of endangered mangrove species A. ebracteatus.