bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Thiol–ene–acrylate Photosensitive Resins for DLP 3D Printing
Authors: Li Zhiquan , Wang Chong , Qiu Wanwan , Liu Ren 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDesigning digital light processing (DLP) 3D printable photosensitive resins with antibacterial properties is especially vital because of their potential applications in various biomedical fields. In this contribution, a thiol–ene–acrylate ternary system with reduced volume shrinkage and fast photopolymerization rate was chosen as the antibacterial 3D printing matrix resin. Two quaternary ammonium salt‐type antibacterial agents (QAC and SH‐QAC) with different molecular weight were designed and prepared, which can participate in the curing of matrix resin to achieve contact antibacterial effect. The effects of antibacterial agent content on the photopolymerization kinetics and on thermal and mechanical properties were discussed in detail. When the amount of added QAC is 4wt%, the antibacterial rate is almost 100% for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and when the amount of SH‐QAC is 10wt%, the antibacterial rate against S. aureus is also essentially 100%. Both antibacterial photosensitive resins have been successfully applied in DLP technology to fabricate tooth model with high precision.
Optical Characterization of Zinc Pyrithione
Authors: Sandiford Lydia , Holmes Amy M. , Mangion Sean E. , Mohammed Yousuf H. , Zvyagin Andrei V. , Roberts Michael S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZinc pyrithione is ubiquitous in commercial products particularly antidandruff shampoos. For the efficacy of zinc pyrithione therapeutic cleansers to be assessed accurately, the distribution of particles on the scalp needs to be visualized. Currently, no technique is available which provides the chemical specificity and sensitivity required. Here, we report application of fluorescence‐lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for high‐contrast mapping of zinc pyrithione distribution on the scalp. Characterization of the zinc pyrithione emission by using both one‐photon excitation at five specific wavelengths and two‐photon excitation in the range of 740–820 nm revealed its FLIM fingerprint—a characteristic short average time‐weighted emission lifetime of ΤZnPT = 250 ps. Bandpass‐filtering FLIM signals at ΤZnPT enabled an efficient discrimination between the zinc pyrithione and major endogenous skin species in comparison with that of the conventional reflectance confocal microscopy. Our findings provide means for in vivo high‐sensitivity assaying and high‐contrast imaging of zinc pyrithione in biological systems.
Novel endosomal NOX2 oxidase inhibitor ameliorates pandemic influenza A virus‐induced lung inflammation in mice
Authors: To Eunice E. , Luong Raymond , Diao Jiayin , O’ Leary John J. , Brooks Doug A. , Vlahos Ross , Selemidis Stavros 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveInfluenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratory tract infections that can be fatal when the virus spreads to the alveolar space (i.e. alveolitis), and this is mainly observed with highly pathogenic strains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the NOX2 NADPH oxidase in endosomes has been directly implicated in IAV pathology. Recently, we demonstrated that treatment with a novel endosome‐targeted NOX2 oxidase inhibitor, cholestanol‐conjugated gp91dsTAT (Cgp91ds‐TAT), attenuated airway inflammation and viral replication to infection with a low pathogenic influenza A viral strain. Here, we determined whether suppression of endosome NOX2 oxidase prevents the lung inflammation following infection with a highly pathogenic IAV strain.MethodsC57Bl/6 mice were intranasally treated with either DMSO vehicle (2%) or Cgp91ds‐TAT (0.2 mg/kg/day) 1 day prior to infection with the high pathogenicity PR8 IAV strain (500 PFU/mouse). At Day 3 post‐infection, mice were culled for the evaluation of airway and lung inflammation, viral titres and ROS generation.ResultsPR8 infection resulted in a marked degree of airway inflammation, epithelial denudation, alveolitis and inflammatory cell ROS production. Cgp91ds‐TAT treatment significantly attenuated airway inflammation, including neutrophil influx, the degree of alveolitis and inflammatory cell ROS generation. Importantly, the anti‐inflammatory phenotype affected by Cgp91ds‐TAT significantly enhanced the clearance of lung viral mRNA following PR8 infection.ConclusionEndosomal NOX2 oxidase promotes pathogenic lung inflammation to IAV infection. The localized delivery of endosomal NOX2 oxidase inhibitors is a novel therapeutic strategy against IAV, which has the potential to limit the pathogenesis caused during epidemics and pandemics.
Toward Convergence Disaster Research: Building Integrative Theories Using Simulation
Authors: Mostafavi Ali , Ganapati N. Emel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractScholars across disciplines use simulation methods as tools to build theories; however, the full potential of simulation methods has not been fully used for building theories in convergence disaster research. Simulation methods could provide four unique opportunities for building theories for convergence disaster research. First, simulation methods could help researchers model the underlying mechanisms of disaster phenomena by enabling integration of qualitative and quantitative data. Second, they could help researchers specify and characterize the mechanisms affecting specific disaster phenomena by facilitating integration of empirical information with existing theoretical elements from different disciplines. Third, simulation methods could enable multilevel understanding of relationships between factors influencing disaster phenomena and emergent behaviors across different levels of analysis (e.g., individual, household, neighborhood, and community levels). Fourth, simulation methods could help researchers integrate theoretical elements on disasters across different disciplines (e.g., engineering, social science, sociology, and epidemiology) for a more convergent understanding of complex relationships affecting resilience at different levels.
Framing and immigration through the trump era
Authors: Alamillo Rudy , Haynes Chris , Madrid Raul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor the last decade, undocumented or illegal immigration has been one of the most contested policy issues in the United States, with significant news attention on policies affecting the undocumented population, ranging from deportations to comprehensive immigration reform, the DREAM Act, and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Despite these prominent and multifaceted policy debates, scholarship on media framing and public opinion remain more focused on the portrayal of immigrants rather than policies affecting them. In general, scholars find that policy frames are far more consequential to public opinion than equivalency frames (variations in how news media describe unauthorized immigrants, either as “illegal” or “undocumented”) or episodic frames (whether news articles are heavy on human‐interest stories rather than policy facts and statistics). Also, negative frames generally have stronger effects than positive frames, and these effects sometimes vary by partisanship and family migration history. Finally, the relative infrequency of powerful frames in news stories, like a life spent in the United States, provides opportunities for advocates to move public opinion on immigration policy. These findings have important implications for future battles over immigration policy in the United States, which show no signs of abating.
Symbiont footprints highlight the diversity of scleractinian‐associated Zanclea hydrozoans (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Manca Federica , Puce Stefania , Caragnano Annalisa , Maggioni Davide , Pica Daniela , Seveso Davide , Galli Paolo , Montano Simone 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHydrozoans of the genus Zanclea have been acknowledged only recently as a fundamental component of the highly diverse fauna associated with reef‐building scleractinian corals. Although widely distributed in coral reefs and demonstrated to be important in protecting corals from predation and diseases, the biodiversity of these hydrozoans remains enigmatic due to the paucity of available morphological characters, incomplete morphological characterisations and the possible existence of cryptic species. Recently, molecular techniques have revealed the existence of multiple hidden genetic lineages not yet supported by diagnostic morphological characters. In this work, we further explore the morpho‐diversity of three genetic lineages, namely Zanclea associated with the coral genera Goniastrea (clade I), Porites (clade II) and Pavona (clade VI). Aside from providing a complete classical characterisation of the polyp and medusa stage of each clade, we searched for new potential taxonomic indicators either on symbiotic hydroids or on host corals. On the hydroids, statistical analyses on almost 7,000 nematocyst capsules revealed a significant difference in terms of nematocyst size among the three Zanclea clades investigated. On each host coral genus, we identified peculiar skeletal modifications related to the presence of Zanclea symbionts. Lastly, we discussed the potential diagnostic value of these footprints in the characterisation of Zanclea–scleractinian associations.
Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Achilles Tendon Thickness of Men and Women Athletes in Olympic Weightlifting
Authors: Tüfekçi Osman , Erdağı Kenan 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The study aims to investigate the Achilles tendon thickness of men, women athletes in Olympic weightlifting and sedentary individuals.Methods: This research study was conducted on 4 groups, comprising of athletes in Olympic weightlifting (n= 25 men, n=25 women) and sedentary individuals (n=25 men, n=25 women), aged 18-19 years. Ultrasonography was performed on the Achilles tendon of the two limbs of 100 individuals. Results: The mean thickness of the Achilles tendon was significantly larger in the athletes than in the sedentary individuals. No correlation was found between the age, height, body weight of the athletes and the thickness of the Achilles tendon.Conclusion: In conclusion, we state that in addition to the following hypertrophic development of the Achilles tendon in athletes in weightlifting, future studies including force parameters may be beneficial.
Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk markers and total mortality in older men: cystatin C versus creatinine
Authors: Zonoozi Shahrzad , Ramsay Sheena E , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy T , Ellins Elizabeth A , Halcox Julian P J , Whincup Peter , Wannamethee S Goya 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundIt remains uncertain whether cystatin C is a superior marker of renal function than creatinine in older adults. We have investigated the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations based on creatinine (CKD-EPIcr) and cystatin C (CKD-EPIcys), and cardiovascular risk markers and mortality in older adults.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional and prospective study of 1639 British men aged 71–92 years followed up for an average of 5 years for mortality. Cox survival model and receiving operating characteristic analysis were used to assess the associations.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was similar using the two CKD-EPI equations, although cystatin C reclassified 43.9% of those with stage 3a CKD (eGFR 45–59 mL/min/1.732, moderate damage) to no CKD. However, CKD stages assessed using both CKD-EPIcr and CKD-EPIcys were significantly associated with vascular risk markers and with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. In all men with CKD (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.732), the HRs (95% CI) for all-cause mortality after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors compared with those with no CKD were 1.53 (1.20 to 1.96) and 1.74 (1.35 to 2.23) using CKD-EPIcr and CKD-EPIcys, respectively. Comparisons of the two CKD equations showed no significant difference in their predictive ability for mortality (difference in area under the curve p=0.46).ConclusionDespite reclassification of CKD stages, assessment of CKD using CKD-EPIcys did not improve prediction of mortality in older British men >70 years. Our data do not support the routine use of CKD-EPIcys for identifying CKD in the elderly British male population.
Dielectric property of NBT@BT–BZN composite ceramics
Authors: Song Aizhen , Lv Yunkai , Liang Linlin , Wu Ruifang , Wang Jing , Zhao Lei 
Published: March 2019

[Formula: see text] (NBT@BT–BZN) composite ceramic materials were prepared by wet solid-phase reaction method. The effects of [Formula: see text] (NBT) on the phase structure, morphology and dielectric properties of NBT@BT–BZN composites were studied in detail. All of the NBT@BT–BZN composites consist of BT–BZN and NBT phases. The dense microstructure was observed in all the NBT@BT–BZN samples. It is found that the introduction of NBT into BT–BZN leads to enhanced temperature stability in dielectric property. Samples with 40 mol.% NBT shows good dielectric property, in which the temperature change rate of the dielectric constant at [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] is 1% to −15.20%, basically meeting the requirements of X9R. These results indicate that the 0.40NBT@0.60 (BT–BZN) is a promising candidate for high temperature stable materials.
Influences of pump power and high-order dispersion on dual-pumped silicon-on-insulator micro-ring resonator-based optical frequency combs
Authors: Wen Jin , Duan Lina , Fan Wei 
Published: March 2019

We numerically investigate the effects of pump power and high-order dispersion (HOD) on the generation and evolution of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) micro-ring resonator-based optical frequency combs (OFCs). The observed bandwidth and number of comb modes increase as the pump power enhances, which demonstrates the pump power as low as 0 dBm is required to initiate in the dual-pumped scheme, while the optimized pump power distribution ratio is around 0.5. The HOD can also be introduced to analyze the nonlinear symmetry breaking of the OFC, especially the sign and amplitude of the third-order dispersion determines the variation of the output OFC. Through optimizing the parameters, broadband OFC spanning nearly from 1200 nm to 2100 nm can be realized. This work could give insight for exploring detail characteristics of SOI micro-ring OFCs influenced by pump power and HOD, as well as provide a viable route to delicate control of OFC generation through dispersion adjusting.
How to instantaneously improve your speaking voice
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: March 2019

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Although we spend much more time speaking than we do writing, the fact remains that most people speak very poorly. Phil Yaffe provides some tips on how to purposely redesign your articulation.
Safety and Feasibility of Repeated and Transient Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption by Pulsed Ultrasound in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Idbaih Ahmed , Canney Michael , Belin Lisa , Desseaux Carole , Vignot Alexandre , Bouchoux Guillaume , Asquier Nicolas , Law-Ye Bruno , Leclercq Delphine , Bissery Anne , De Rycke Yann , Trosch Clementine , Capelle Laurent , Sanson Marc , Hoang-Xuan Khe , Dehais Caroline , Houillier Caroline , Laigle-Donadey Florence , Mathon Bertrand , André Arthur , Lafon Cyril , Chapelon Jean-Yves , Delattre Jean-Yves , Carpentier Alexandre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the efficacy of drug therapies for glioblastoma (GBM). Preclinical data indicate that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPU) can transiently disrupt the BBB and increase intracerebral drug concentrations.

Patients and Methods:
A first-in-man, single-arm, single-center trial (NCT02253212) was initiated to investigate the transient disruption of the BBB in patients with recurrent GBM. Patients were implanted with a 1-MHz, 11.5-mm diameter cranial ultrasound device (SonoCloud-1, CarThera). The device was activated monthly to transiently disrupt the BBB before intravenous carboplatin chemotherapy.

Results:
Between 2014 and 2016, 21 patients were registered for the study and implanted with the SonoCloud-1; 19 patients received at least one sonication. In 65 ultrasound sessions, BBB disruption was visible on T1w MRI for 52 sonications. Treatment-related adverse events observed were transient and manageable: a transient edema at H1 and at D15. No carboplatin-related neurotoxicity was observed. Patients with no or poor BBB disruption (n = 8) visible on MRI had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2.73 months, and a median overall survival (OS) of 8.64 months. Patients with clear BBB disruption (n = 11) had a median PFS of 4.11 months, and a median OS of 12.94 months.

Conclusions:
SonoCloud-1 treatments were well tolerated and may increase the effectiveness of systemic drug therapies, such as carboplatin, in the brain without inducing neurotoxicity.
See related commentary by Sonabend and Stupp, p. 3750
T Cells Specific for an Unconventional Natural Antigen Fail to Recognize Leukemic Cells
Authors: Pont Margot J. , Oostvogels Rimke , van Bergen Cornelis A.M. , van der Meijden Edith D. , Honders Maria W. , Bliss Sophie , Jongsma Marlieke L.M. , Lokhorst Henk M. , Falkenburg J.H. Frederik , Mutis Tuna , Griffioen Marieke , Spaapen Robbert M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMHC-bound peptides from aberrant proteins may be a specific immunotherapeutic target on cancer cells. Because of difficulties in identifying such antigens, viral or model antigens have so far been used to study their biological relevance. We here identify a naturally existing human T-cell epitope derived from a truncated protein. The antigenic peptide is derived from the gene TTK only through an alternative transcript containing a premature termination codon that may target the transcript for nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). This antigen is recognized by HLA-A*02:01–restricted CD8+ T cells derived from an allotransplanted leukemia patient. Functional analyses showed that these T cells failed to recognize several HLA-matched primary leukemic cells that expressed the alternative TTK transcript. Conventional antigen processing and presentation were not affected, suggesting that leukemic cells modify the generation of antigens processed from aberrant proteins. This natural TTK epitope provides insights in the source of transcripts producing antigenic epitopes in healthy and leukemic cells. Our data underscore potential pitfalls of targeting NMD-derived or other unconventionally generated epitopes as immunotherapeutic approach.
Hyperosmolality, High Blood Pressure, and Decreased Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in US Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2012
Authors: Chmielewski Jennifer , Khalsa Dev Darshan , Carmody J. Bryan 
Published: March 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Experimental evidence suggests that hyperosmolality may be a causative factor in the development of both salt-sensitive hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no population-wide studies in young persons to assess the relationships among these factors. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the association of serum osmolality and serum sodium with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among a nationally representative population of adolescents. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Relevant data among participants ages 12–14 were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 1999–2012. Serum osmolality was calculated using the Worthley equation. eGFR was calculated using the Counahan-Barratt equation, and values &#x3c; 90 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> were considered decreased. High SBP was defined as SBP ≥95th percentile for age, height, and sex. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 4,168 adolescents were analyzed (representative population: 10,464,592). Adolescents with serum osmolality ≥290 mOsm/kg and/or serum sodium ≥143 mmol/L had increased odds for both high SBP (serum osmolality ≥290 mOsm/kg: OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.03–4.02; sodium ≥143 mmol/L: OR 4.36; 95% CI 1.58–12.04) and decreased eGFR (serum osmolality ≥290 mOsm/kg: OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.18–2.21; sodium ≥143 mmol/L: OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.77–6.03) when compared to participants with values below these thresholds. These thresholds remained significant even after multivariable adjustment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Among adolescents in a nationally representative survey, hypernatremia and hyperosmolality were associated with high SBP and decreased eGFR. These findings may support the hypothesis that an imbalance of salt and water contribute to hypertension and CKD.
Effect of multimodal intervention on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy
Authors: Ma Kai , Wu Xiuxiu , Chen Yongquan , Yuan Hui 
Published: March 2019

Objective Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery, and achieving good results is difficult with a single antiemetic method. This study investigated whether multimodal intervention can reduce PONV in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods A total of 153 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomized into the control group and multimodal group. Patients in the multimodal group received dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg intravenously 15 minutes before induction of anesthesia. A bilateral transversus abdominis plane block was performed with 0.375% ropivacaine 30 mL after induction of anesthesia. Scores of postoperative nausea and vomiting, the visual analog scale, and the Bruggemann comfort scale (BCS) were assessed 24 hours postoperatively. Results Nausea and vomiting scores were significantly lower at 2, 6, and 24 hours in the multimodal group compared with the control group. BCS scores were significantly higher at 0 to 24 hours in the multimodal group compared with the control group. Conclusions Multimodal intervention improves PONV and increases patients’ comfort. The multimodal approach can also enhance recovery after gynecological laparoscopic surgery.
Do pharmacists counsel customers about the effects of sedating antihistamines on driving skills? A survey of community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khojah Hani MJ 
Published: March 2019

Objective To investigate the level of counselling regarding the effects of sedating antihistamines on driving skills provided by private community pharmacies in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This study randomly selected private community pharmacies. Mystery shoppers following a similar scenario individually visited these pharmacies. These clients asked for a commonly used brand of sedating antihistamine and noted the counselling offered by the pharmacist. If spontaneous counselling was not offered, necessary information regarding the medication’s use was requested. Finally, the content of counselling was documented. Results Of the 100 pharmacies selected, 12 were excluded for various reasons and 88 pharmacies were included in the study. Only 23 pharmacies offered spontaneous counselling. Although 73.9% of pharmacists (65 of 88), spontaneously or upon request, mentioned sedation as a side-effect, only one pharmacist warned the client against driving after taking the medication, and three other pharmacists warned against dealing with hazardous machinery. Other side-effects were almost ignored. Conclusion A life-threatening insufficiency in the quality of counselling at Saudi Arabian private community pharmacies exists. Traffic accidents, secondary to the side-effects of sedating antihistamines, may be avoided if proper counselling is offered. Saudi Arabian authorities should take appropriate actions to ensure optimal practice in community pharmacies.