bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The continuous heart failure spectrum: moving beyond an ejection fraction classification
Authors: Triposkiadis Filippos , Butler Javed , Abboud Francois M , Armstrong Paul W , Adamopoulos Stamatis , Atherton John J , Backs Johannes , Bauersachs Johann , Burkhoff Daniel , Bonow Robert O , Chopra Vijay K , de Boer Rudolf A , de Windt Leon , Hamdani Nazha , Hasenfuss Gerd , Heymans Stephane , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Konstam Marvin , Lee Richard T , Linke Wolfgang A , Lunde Ida G , Lyon Alexander R , Maack Christoph , Mann Douglas L , Mebazaa Alexandre , Mentz Robert J , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Papp Zoltan , Parissis John , Pedrazzini Thierry , Rosano Giuseppe , Rouleau Jean , Seferovic Petar M , Shah Ajay M , Starling Randall C , Tocchetti Carlo G , Trochu Jean-Noel , Thum Thomas , Zannad Faiez , Brutsaert Dirk L , Segers Vincent F , De Keulenaer Gilles W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Randomized clinical trials initially used heart failure (HF) patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to select study populations with high risk to enhance statistical power. However, this use of LVEF in clinical trials has led to oversimplification of the scientific view of a complex syndrome. Descriptive terms such as ‘HFrEF’ (HF with reduced LVEF), ‘HFpEF’ (HF with preserved LVEF), and more recently ‘HFmrEF’ (HF with mid-range LVEF), assigned on arbitrary LVEF cut-off points, have gradually arisen as separate diseases, implying distinct pathophysiologies. In this article, based on pathophysiological reasoning, we challenge the paradigm of classifying HF according to LVEF. Instead, we propose that HF is a heterogeneous syndrome in which disease progression is associated with a dynamic evolution of functional and structural changes leading to unique disease trajectories creating a spectrum of phenotypes with overlapping and distinct characteristics. Moreover, we argue that by recognizing the spectral nature of the disease a novel stratification will arise from new technologies and scientific insights that will shape the design of future trials based on deeper understanding beyond the LVEF construct alone.
Effects of changes in living environment on physical health: a prospective German cohort study of non-movers
Authors: Aretz Benjamin , Doblhammer Gabriele , Janssen Fanny 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal studies on associations between changes in living environment and health are few and focus on movers. Next to causal effects, differences in health can, however, result due to residential mobility. The present study explored changes in living environment related to (changes in) physical health among non-movers. Causality was reinforced by a novel study design.

Methods
We obtained longitudinal data on both living environment and physical health covering 4601 non-movers aged 18+ with 16 076 health observations from the German Socio-Economic Panel between 1999 and 2014. Changing and stable perceived living environment from three domains (infrastructure, environmental pollution, housing conditions) were included at household level. We performed linear regressions with robust standard errors and generalized estimating equations to predict the physical component summary (PCS) at baseline and changes in PCS over time.

Results
Stable moderate and worst as well as worsened environmental pollution and infrastructure were associated with worse PCS at baseline, as were stable poor and worsened housing conditions. Stable worst infrastructure was associated with negative changes in PCS for both sexes. Men’s changes in PCS were more affected by worsened environmental pollution than women’s.

Conclusion
A suboptimal living environment has short- and long-term negative effects on physical health. Because even short-term changes in the living environment have an immediate influence on an individual’s health status and health trajectories, public attention to living environment is essential to fight existing health inequalities.
Impact of risk factors and surgical techniques in coronary endarterectomy: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Chuan , Chen Jun , Gu Chengxiong , Qiao Ruiguo , Li Jingxing 
Published: March 2019

Summary

The goal of this network meta-analysis was to compare the early mortality rate of patients who underwent coronary endarterectomy (CE) combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with different techniques and with isolated CABG. This analysis also evaluated potential risk factors in patients who undergo CE. Eighteen studies were included, covering 21 752 different patients, among whom 3352 underwent CE + CABG with either open or closed techniques and 18 400 underwent isolated CABG. Patients who had CE + CABG had a statistically significant higher mortality rate [odds ratio (OR) 1.76; P < 0.001]. Subgroup analyses showed that, with closed CE, mortality was 52% (OR 1.52, P = 0.001) more likely to occur, whereas with open CE, mortality was 279% (OR 3.79, P < 0.001) more likely to occur, when both were compared with isolated CABG. A network meta-analysis indicated that both the open and closed methods had poorer results than CABG alone and that the open method had a higher risk of mortality than the closed one. For risk factors, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and renal failure were significant contributors to inclusion in the CE group, whereas other risk factors showed no significant difference. However, none of these factors indicated significant correlations with the incidence of mortality between the groups. CE + CABG has a significantly higher risk of death than isolated CABG, and open CE is more risky than closed CE, even though most of the individual studies did not show that CE had a higher risk of mortality. Moreover, DM, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and renal failure were more common in the patients who had CE + CABG, but these factors may not necessarily increase the mortality risk of patients who have CE.
Carboplatin, S-1 and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy for elderly patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter Phase I/II study
Authors: Niho Seiji , Hosomi Yukio , Okamoto Hiroaki , Nihei Keiji , Tanaka Hiroshi , Hida Toyoaki , Umemura Shigeki , Goto Koichi , Akimoto Tetsuo , Ohe Yuichiro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We conducted a Phase I/II study of carboplatin, S-1 and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) for elderly patients (71 years or older) with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and methods
Patients received carboplatin (AUC 3-5) on Day 1 and S-1 (30–40 mg/m2 two times daily) on Days 1–14, every 2 weeks, for up to four cycles, plus concurrent TRT at a total dose of 60 Gy. The primary endpoint for the Phase II study was the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate.

Results
Eighteen patients were enrolled in the Phase I study. Febrile neutropenia, a decreased platelet count and esophagitis were dose-limiting toxicities. The recommended doses for the Phase II study were determined to be an AUC of 3 for carboplatin, 40 mg/m2 twice daily for S-1. Twenty-eight patients were evaluated in the Phase II study. The 1-year PFS rate was 57.1% (90% CI 41.6–71.4%), and the median PFS was 16.8 months (95% CI 7.8–not assessable [NA]). The lower limit of the 90% CI for 1-year PFS exceeded the prespecified threshold value of 30%; therefore, the primary endpoint was met. Grades 3–4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia (21%) and hyponatremia (11%). Grade 3 radiation pneumonitis was observed in 18% of patients. No treatment-related deaths were observed.

Conclusion
Combination chemotherapy consisting of carboplatin plus S-1 and concurrent TRT had a promising efficacy in elderly patients with locally advanced NSCLC; however, radiation pneumonitis was frequently observed.
When to stop: an update on molecular mechanisms of floral meristem termination
Authors: Xu Yifeng , Yamaguchi Nobutoshi , Gan Eng-Seng , Ito Toshiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlowers have fascinated humans for millennia, not only because of their beauty, but also because they give rise to fruits, from which most agricultural products are derived. In most angiosperms, the number and position of floral organs are morphologically and genetically defined, and their development is tightly controlled by complex regulatory networks to ensure reproductive success. How flower development is temporally initiated and spatially maintained has been widely researched. As the flower develops, the balance between proliferation and differentiation dynamically shifts towards organogenesis and termination of floral stem cell maintenance. In this review, we focus on recent findings that further reveal the intricate molecular mechanisms for precise timing of floral meristem termination.
Transnationalizing humour on social media: A linguistic analysis of ideology, identity and didactics in Robert Mugabe Quotes memes1
Authors: Onanuga Paul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHumour relies on dominant cultural values and outlooks in its environment in enacting its comic content. However, since humour sometimes encompasses global experiences, it often transcends artificial human barriers. Its transcendence has been facilitated through online digitized content, in the present case—Internet memes. In exploring transnationalization, fifty purposively selected memes are culled from the Facebook group Robert Mugabe Quotes and subjected to critical linguistic analysis. In the evaluation of the data which is achieved through the linguistic examination of cross-cultural themes in the formulation of identity, didactics, and ideology, sixteen memes, representative of the overarching tripartite concerns, are used as exemplifications. Reliant on the bipartite postulations of Critical Linguistic Stylistics—a linguistic theory that examines the style and peculiarities of linguistic data—and Relief Theory of Humour—which considers humour as a platform for the assuagement of tension and emotions, the memes are testamental of prevailing concerns— politics, technology, social/international relations, sex, male–female relations, etc.—in the human society at large. Linguistic markers such as oppositional expressions, capitalization, and other graphological features are annexed in meaning-formation. I conclude that although humour is generally regarded as a light-hearted routine geared towards the provision of momentary relief, a close scrutiny reveals that deep messages targeted at stimulating consciousness and social transformation find provenance in these artefacts.
Efficient selection of quasar candidates based on optical and infrared photometric data using machine learning
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhang Yanxia , Zhang Jingyi , Zhao Yongheng , Wu Xue-bing , Fan Dongwei 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We aim to select quasar candidates based on the two large survey databases, Pan-STARRS and AllWISE. Exploring the distribution of quasars and stars in the colour spaces, we find that the combination of infrared and optical photometry is more conducive to select quasar candidates. Two new colour criterions (yW1W2 and iW1zW2) are constructed to distinguish quasars from stars efficiently. With iW1zW2, 98.30 per cent of star contamination is eliminated, while 99.50 per cent of quasars are retained, at least to the magnitude limit of our training set of stars. Based on the optical and infrared colour features, we put forward an efficient schema to select quasar candidates and high-redshift quasar candidates, in which two machine learning algorithms (XGBoost and SVM) are implemented. The XGBoost and SVM classifiers have proven to be very effective with accuracy of $99.46{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ when 8Color as input pattern and default model parameters. Applying the two optimal classifiers to the unknown Pan-STARRS and AllWISE cross-matched data set, a total of 2 006 632 intersected sources are predicted to be quasar candidates given quasar probability larger than 0.5 (i.e. PQSO &gt; 0.5). Among them, 1 201 211 have high probability (PQSO &gt; 0.95). For these newly predicted quasar candidates, a regressor is constructed to estimate their redshifts. Finally 7402 z &gt; 3.5 quasars are obtained. Given the magnitude limitation and site of the LAMOST telescope, part of these candidates will be used as the input catalogue of the LAMOST telescope for follow-up observation, and the rest may be observed by other telescopes.
Fast radio bursts as synchrotron maser emission from decelerating relativistic blast waves
Authors: Metzger Brian D , Margalit Ben , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) can arise from synchrotron maser emission at ultrarelativistic magnetized shocks, such as produced by flare ejecta from young magnetars. We combine particle-in-cell simulation results for the maser emission with the dynamics of self-similar shock deceleration, as commonly applied to gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), to explore the implications for FRBs. The upstream environment is a mildly relativistic baryon-loaded shell released following a previous flare, motivated by the high electron–ion injection rate $\dot{M} \sim 10^{19}\!-\!10^{21}$ g s−1 needed to power the persistent radio nebula coincident with the repeating burster FRB 121102 and its high rotation measure. The radio fluence peaks once the optical depth ahead of the shock to induced Compton scattering τc ≲ 3. Given intervals between major ion ejection events ΔT ∼ 105  s similar to the occurrence rate of the most powerful bursts from FRB 121102, we demonstrate the production of ∼0.1–10 GHz FRBs with isotropic radiated energies ∼1037–1040 erg and durations ∼0.1–10 ms for flare energies E ∼ 1043–1045 erg. Deceleration of the blast wave, and increasing transparency of the upstream medium, generates temporal decay of the peak frequency, similar to the observed downward frequency drift seen in FRB 121102 and FRB 180814.J0422+73. The delay ΔT ≳ 105 s between major ion-injection events needed to clear sufficiently low densities around the engine for FRB emission could explain prolonged ‘dark periods’ and clustered burst arrival times. Thermal electrons heated at the shock generate a short-lived ≲1 ms (1 s) synchrotron transient at gamma-ray (X-ray) energies, analogous to a scaled-down GRB afterglow.
E-cigarette Dependence Measures in Dual Users: Reliability and Relations With Dependence Criteria and E-cigarette Cessation
Authors: Piper Megan E , Baker Timothy B , Benowitz Neal L , Smith Stevens S , Jorenby Douglas E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have drastically changed the nicotine and tobacco product landscape. However, their potential public health impact is still unclear. A reliable and valid measure of e-cigarette dependence would likely advance assessment and prognostication of the public health impact of e-cigarettes. The aim of this research was to examine the internal consistency, structure, and validity of three e-cigarette dependence scales.

Methods
Adult dual users (smokers who also vape, N = 256) enrolled in an observational cohort study (45.1% women, 70.7% white). At baseline, participants completed the e-cigarette Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence (e-FTCD), the e-cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (e-WISDM), and the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI). All participants provided a urine sample for cotinine analysis and reported e-cigarette use at 1 year.

Results
The e-WISDM subscales had the highest internal consistency (α = .81–.96), then the PS-ECDI (α = .74) and e-FTCD (α = .51). A single-factor structure for the e-FTCD and an 11-factor structure for the e-WISDM were supported, but the PS-ECDI did not have a single-factor structure. All three e-cigarette dependence scales were highly correlated with validation criteria including continued e-cigarette use at 1 year, but not with e-liquid nicotine concentration or cotinine.

Conclusions
The e-WISDM and PS-ECDI had stronger internal consistency than did the e-FTCD, despite the e-FTCD’s single-factor structure, but all 3 measures appear to be valid measures of e-cigarette dependence as suggested by their significant relations with self-perceived addiction, heavy use, early use after overnight deprivation, and continued use over time.

Implications
This research provides empirical support for three e-cigarette dependence measures: the e-FTCD, the PS-ECDI, and the e-WISDM among dual users of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. The PS-ECDI and e-WISDM are more reliable, but all three measures were strongly correlated with key dependence constructs such as heavy use and continued use over time.
The Confidence and Supply Agreement between the Conservative Party and the Democratic Unionist Party: Implications for the Barnett Formula and Intergovernmental Relations in the UK
Authors: Birrell Derek , Heenan Deirdre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article assesses the implications of the 2017 Confidence and Supply Agreement between the Conservative Party and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) in the context of the Barnett Formula and intergovernmental relations post the devolution settlement and the Good Friday Agreement. In light of the parties’ shared objectives to strengthen and enhance the UK, the Confidence and Supply Agreement, sets out how the DUP would support the minority Conservative government in specific areas, including finance Bills and matters pertaining to the exit from the European Union. This article examines the nature and operation of this Agreement and assesses the extent to which it may be seen to have breached established conventions, rules and principles around devolved funding and the principle of political impartiality enshrined in the Good Friday Agreement. It is argued that the Confidence and Supply Agreement has contributed to the perceived shortcomings of the Barnett Formula as a robust, fair, financial methodology. The distribution of money to the devolved administrations should be modernised and based on need, accountability and transparency. It is also concluded that being locked into a parliamentary deal undermines the UK Government’s ability to be impartial between the competing interests in Northern Ireland.
Moral identity relates to the neural processing of third-party moral behavior
Authors: Pletti Carolina , Decety Jean , Paulus Markus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMoral identity, or moral self, is the degree to which being moral is important to a person’s self-concept. It is hypothesized to be the `missing link’ between moral judgment and moral action. However, its cognitive and psychophysiological mechanisms are still subject to debate. In this study, we used event-related potentials to examine whether the moral self-concept is related to how people process prosocial and antisocial actions. To this end, participants’ implicit and explicit moral self-concept were assessed. We examined whether individual differences in moral identity relate to differences in early, automatic processes [i.e. Early Posterior Negativity (EPN), N2] or late, cognitively controlled processes (i.e. late positive potential) while observing prosocial and antisocial situations. Results show that a higher implicit moral self was related to a lower EPN amplitude for prosocial scenarios. In addition, an enhanced explicit moral self was related to a lower N2 amplitude for prosocial scenarios. The findings demonstrate that the moral self affects the neural processing of morally relevant stimuli during third-party evaluations. They support theoretical considerations that the moral self already affects (early) processing of moral information.
A rapid and simple method for assessing and representing genome sequence relatedness
Authors: Briand M , Bouzid M , Hunault G , Legeay M , Fischer-Le Saux M , Barret M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoherent genomic groups are frequently used as a proxy for bacterial species delineation through computation of overall genome relatedness indices (OGRI). Average nucleotide identity (ANI) is a widely employed method for estimating relatedness between genomic sequences. However, pairwise comparisons of genome sequences based on ANI is relatively computationally intensive and therefore precludes analyses of large datasets composed of thousands of genome sequences.In this work we proposed a workflow to compute and visualize relationships between genomic sequences. A dataset containing more than 3,500 Pseudomonas genome sequences was successfully classified with an alternative OGRI based on k-mer counts in few hours with the same precision as ANI. A new visualization method based on zoomable circle packing was employed for assessing relationships among the 350 groups generated. Amendment of databases with these Pseudomonas groups greatly improved the classification of metagenomic read sets with k-mer-based classifier.The developed workflow was integrated in the user-friendly KI-S tool that is available at the following address:https://iris.angers.inra.fr/galaxypub-cfbp.
Diffusion Tensor Tractography of Brainstem Fibers and Its Application in Pain
Authors: Zhang Yu , Vakhtin Andrei A. , Jennings Jennifer S. , Massaband Payam , Wintermark Max , Craig Patricia L. , Ashford J. Wesson , Clark David J. , Furst Ansgar J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvaluation of brainstem pathways with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography may provide insights into pathophysiologies associated with dysfunction of key brainstem circuits. However, identification of these tracts has been elusive, with relatively few in vivo human studies to date. In this paper we proposed an automated approach for reconstructing nine brainstem fiber trajectories of pathways that might be involved in pain modulation. We first performed native-space manual tractography of these fibers in a small normative cohort of participants and confirmed the anatomical precision of the results using existing anatomical literature. Second, region-of-interest pairs were manually defined at each extracted fiber’s termini and nonlinearly warped to a standard anatomical brain template to create an atlas of the region-of-interest pairs. The resulting atlas was then transformed non-linearly into the native space of 17 veteran patients’ brains for automated brainstem tractography. Lastly, we assessed the relationships between the integrity levels of the obtained fiber bundles and pain severity levels. Fractional anisotropy (FA) measures derived using automated tractography reflected the respective tracts’ FA levels obtained via manual tractography. A significant inverse relationship between FA and pain levels was detected within the automatically derived dorsal and medial longitudinal fasciculi of the brainstem. This study demonstrates the utility of DTI in exploring brainstem circuitries involved in pain processing. In this context, the described automated approach is a viable alternative to the time-consuming manual tractography. The physiological and functional relevance of the measures derived from automated tractography is evidenced by their relationships with individual pain severities.