bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinesin light chain-4 depletion induces apoptosis of radioresistant cancer cells by mitochondrial dysfunction via calcium ion influx
Authors: Baek Jeong-Hwa , Lee Janet , Yun Hong Shik , Lee Chang-Woo , Song Jie-Young , Um Hong-Duck , Park Jong Kuk , Park In-Chul , Kim Jae-Sung , Kim Eun Ho , Hwang Sang-Gu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKinesins act as molecular microtubule-dependent motor proteins and have various important cellular functions related to cell division, intracellular transport, and membrane trafficking. However, the function of kinesin light chain 4 (KLC4) in cancer, especially radioresistance, has not been previously described. Thus, we investigated KLC4 function in lung cancer cells and radioresistant R-H460 cells by analyzing alterations in radiosensitivity after gene knockdown with siRNA and by evaluating cellular phenotypes and xenograft tumor growth. KLC4 was upregulated in human lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, in paired clinical specimens of lung cancer patients, KLC4 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in paired adjacent normal tissues. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that apoptosis rates and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspase-3 levels in KLC4-knockdown lung cancer cells were significantly increased compared with those in control cells. Colony formation decreased as the radiation dose increased in KLC4-knockdown lung cancer cells, demonstrating an essential role for KLC4 in radioresistance. Importantly, KLC4 silencing suppressed tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model, accompanied by increased apoptosis. Finally, KLC4-knockdown cells exhibited impaired mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and enhanced mitochondrial calcium uptake, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, KLC4 as a kinesin superfamily-targeted therapy may represent a novel, effective anticancer strategy, particularly for patients showing radioresistance.
A distributive peptide cyclase processes multiple microviridin core peptides within a single polypeptide substrate
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Kunhua , Yang Guang , McBride Joshua L. , Bruner Steven D. , Ding Yousong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRibosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are an important family of natural products. Their biosynthesis follows a common scheme in which the leader peptide of a precursor peptide guides the modifications of a single core peptide. Here we describe biochemical studies of the processing of multiple core peptides within a precursor peptide, rare in RiPP biosynthesis. In a cyanobacterial microviridin pathway, an ATP-grasp ligase, AMdnC, installs up to two macrolactones on each of the three core peptides within AMdnA. The enzyme catalysis occurs in a distributive fashion and follows an unstrict N-to-C overall directionality, but a strict order in macrolactonizing each core peptide. Furthermore, AMdnC is catalytically versatile to process unnatural substrates carrying one to four core peptides, and kinetic studies provide insights into its catalytic properties. Collectively, our results reveal a distinct biosynthetic logic of RiPPs, opening up the possibility of modular production via synthetic biology approaches.
Nanoscale origins of creep in calcium silicate hydrates
Authors: Morshedifard A. , Masoumi S. , Abdolhosseini Qomi M. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe time-dependent response of structural materials dominates our aging infrastructure’s life expectancy and has important resilience implications. For calcium-silicate-hydrates, the glue of cement, nanoscale mechanisms underlying time-dependent phenomena are complex and remain poorly understood. This complexity originates in part from the inherent difficulty in studying nanoscale longtime phenomena in atomistic simulations. Herein, we propose a three-staged incremental stress-marching technique to overcome such limitations. The first stage unravels a stretched exponential relaxation, which is ubiquitous in glassy systems. When fully relaxed, the material behaves viscoelastically upon further loading, which is described by the standard solid model. By progressively increasing the interlayer water, the time-dependent response of calcium-silicate-hydrates exhibits a transition from viscoelastic to logarithmic creep. These findings bridge the gap between atomistic simulations and nanomechanical experimental measurements and pave the way for the design of reduced aging construction materials and other disordered systems such as metallic and oxide glasses.
Reconfigurable engineered motile semiconductor microparticles
Authors: Ohiri Ugonna , Shields C. Wyatt , Han Koohee , Tyler Talmage , Velev Orlin D. , Jokerst Nan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLocally energized particles form the basis for emerging classes of active matter. The design of active particles has led to their controlled locomotion and assembly. The next generation of particles should demonstrate robust control over their active assembly, disassembly, and reconfiguration. Here we introduce a class of semiconductor microparticles that can be comprehensively designed (in size, shape, electric polarizability, and patterned coatings) using standard microfabrication tools. These custom silicon particles draw energy from external electric fields to actively propel, while interacting hydrodynamically, and sequentially assemble and disassemble on demand. We show that a number of electrokinetic effects, such as dielectrophoresis, induced charge electrophoresis, and diode propulsion, can selectively power the microparticle motions and interactions. The ability to achieve on-demand locomotion, tractable fluid flows, synchronized motility, and reversible assembly using engineered silicon microparticles may enable advanced applications that include remotely powered microsensors, artificial muscles, reconfigurable neural networks and computational systems.
Hsp90 shapes protein and RNA evolution to balance trade-offs between protein stability and aggregation
Authors: Geller Ron , Pechmann Sebastian , Acevedo Ashley , Andino Raul , Frydman Judith 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcquisition of mutations is central to evolution; however, the detrimental effects of most mutations on protein folding and stability limit protein evolvability. Molecular chaperones, which suppress aggregation and facilitate polypeptide folding, may alleviate the effects of destabilizing mutations thus promoting sequence diversification. To illuminate how chaperones can influence protein evolution, we examined the effect of reduced activity of the chaperone Hsp90 on poliovirus evolution. We find that Hsp90 offsets evolutionary trade-offs between protein stability and aggregation. Lower chaperone levels favor variants of reduced hydrophobicity and protein aggregation propensity but at a cost to protein stability. Notably, reducing Hsp90 activity also promotes clusters of codon-deoptimized synonymous mutations at inter-domain boundaries, likely to facilitate cotranslational domain folding. Our results reveal how a chaperone can shape the sequence landscape at both the protein and RNA levels to harmonize competing constraints posed by protein stability, aggregation propensity, and translation rate on successful protein biogenesis.
Macroecology and macroevolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants
Authors: Economo Evan P. , Narula Nitish , Friedman Nicholas R. , Weiser Michael D. , Guénard Benoit 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe latitudinal diversity gradient—the tendency for more species to occur toward the equator—is the dominant pattern of life on Earth, yet the mechanisms responsible for it remain largely unexplained. Recently, the analysis of global data has led to advances in understanding, but these advances have been mostly limited to vertebrates and trees and have not provided consensus answers. Here we synthesize large-scale geographic, phylogenetic, and fossil data for an exemplar invertebrate group—ants—and investigate whether the latitudinal diversity gradient arose due to higher rates of net diversification in the tropics, or due to a longer time period to accumulate diversity due to Earth’s climatic history. We find that latitudinal affinity is highly conserved, temperate clades are young and clustered within tropical clades, and diversification rate shows no systematic variation with latitude. These results indicate that diversification time—and not rate—is the main driver of the diversity gradient in ants.
Broadband luminescence in defect-engineered electrochemically produced porous Si/ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Dellis S. , Pliatsikas N. , Kalfagiannis N. , Lidor-Shalev O. , Papaderakis A. , Vourlias G. , Sotiropoulos S. , Koutsogeorgis D. C. , Mastai Y. , Patsalas P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe fabrication, by an all electrochemical process, of porous Si/ZnO nanostructures with engineered structural defects, leading to strong and broadband deep level emission from ZnO, is presented. Such nanostructures are fabricated by a combination of metal-assisted chemical etching of Si and direct current electrodeposition of ZnO. It makes the whole fabrication process low-cost, compatible with Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor technology, scalable and easily industrialised. The photoluminescence spectra of the porous Si/ZnO nanostructures reveal a correlation between the lineshape, as well as the strength of the emission, with the morphology of the underlying porous Si, that control the induced defects in the ZnO. Appropriate fabrication conditions of the porous Si lead to exceptionally bright Gaussian-type emission that covers almost the entire visible spectrum, indicating that porous Si/ZnO nanostructures could be a cornerstone material towards white-light-emitting devices.
Efficient Generation of Transgenic Buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) by Nuclear Transfer of Fetal Fibroblasts Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein
Authors: Lu Fenghua , Luo Chan , Li Nan , Liu Qingyou , Wei Yingming , Deng Haiying , Wang Xiaoli , Li Xiangping , Jiang Jianrong , Deng Yanfei , Shi Deshun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe possibility of producing transgenic cloned buffalos by nuclear transfer of fetal fibroblasts expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was explored in this study. When buffalo fetal fibroblasts (BFFs) isolated from a male buffalo fetus were transfected with pEGFP-N1 (EGFP is driven by CMV and Neo is driven by SV-40) by means of electroporation, Lipofectamine-LTX and X-tremeGENE, the transfection efficiency of electroporation (35.5%) was higher than Lipofectamine-LTX (11.7%) and X-tremeGENE (25.4%, P < 0.05). When BFFs were transfected by means of electroporation, more embryos from BFFs transfected with pEGFP-IRES-Neo (EGFP and Neo are driven by promoter of human elongation factor) cleaved and developed to blastocysts (21.6%) compared to BFFs transfected with pEGFP-N1 (16.4%, P < 0.05). A total of 72 blastocysts were transferred into 36 recipients and six recipients became pregnant. In the end of gestation, the pregnant recipients delivered six healthy calves and one stillborn calf. These calves were confirmed to be derived from the transgenic cells by Southern blot and microsatellite analysis. These results indicate that electroporation is more efficient than lipofection in transfecting exogenous DNA into BFFs and transgenic buffalos can be produced effectively by nuclear transfer of BFFs transfected with pEGFP-IRES-Neo.
L’offre de recherche converge-t-elle vers les besoins du secteur agroalimentaire au Cameroun ? Une analyse par la bibliographie
Authors: Minkoua Nzié Jules René , Temple Ludovic 
Published: April 2018

Il est possible de connaître les impacts de la recherche en interrogeant dans la littérature la convergence entre la demande et l’offre de recherche dans les pays en développement où les statistiques sur l’innovation sont peu disponibles. Nous traitons cette interrogation dans le cadre du secteur agroalimentaire au Cameroun. La demande de recherche est estimée par les indicateurs de besoins élaborés à partir des opinions des chefs d’entreprises concernant le climat des affaires et la protection de l’environnement. L’offre de recherche est mesurée par un indicateur de pertinence des thématiques traitées dans les publications scientifiques faites par les auteurs camerounais. L’étude utilise les données bibliométriques sur la période 1991–2015, et celles du recensement général des entreprises de 2008. Elle constate une faible correspondance entre les besoins de développement des entreprises agroalimentaires et la littérature scientifique et discute les conditions d’usage de la méthode proposée.
Schmerztherapie nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen
Authors: Hendrix Holger , Kamlak Vladimir , Prisadov Georgi , Welcker Katrin 
Published: April 2018

The treatment of pain after thoracic surgery is a challenge and takes place in the individual clinics mostly according to clinic internal standards. It exists no currently valid S3 guideline for the treatment of acute perioperative and posttraumatic pain. For an effective pain treatment as well individual pain experience as the pain intensity of the various thoracic surgical procedures must be considered. Regular pain assessment with appropriate methods and their documentation form the basis for adequate and adapted pain therapy.There are a number of different pain therapy methods, non-medicamentous and drug-based methods, whose effectiveness is described in the literature partially different. For the treatment of acute postoperative pain after thoracic surgery, mainly drug-related procedures are used, except for physiotherapy as a non-medicamentous method. Increasingly, alternative procedures for the peridural catheter as a therapeutic gold standard in the treatment of pain after thoracic surgery are used. Their application can be integrated into a therapeutic algorithm.
Development of a NeuroNICU with a Broader Focus on All Newborns at Risk of Brain Injury: The First 2 Years
Authors: Yan Elisabeth , Randall Kathi , Chock Valerie , Davis Alexis , Glennon Cecelia , Clark Catherine , Wusthoff Courtney , Bonifacio Sonia , Van Meurs Krisa 
Published: April 2018

Objective Many critically ill neonates have an existing brain injury or are at risk of neurologic injury. We developed a “NeuroNICU” (neurologic neonatal intensive care unit) to better provide neurologically focused intensive care.
Study Design Demographic and clinical variables, services delivered, and patient outcomes were recorded in a prospective database for all neonates admitted to the NeuroNICU between April 23, 2013, and June 25, 2015.
Results In total, 546 neonates were admitted to the NeuroNICU representing 32% of all NICU admissions. The most common admission diagnoses were congenital heart disease (30%), extreme prematurity (18%), seizures (10%), and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (9%). Neuromonitoring was common, with near-infrared spectroscopy used in 69%, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (EEG) in 45%, and continuous video EEG in 35%. Overall, 43% received neurology or neurosurgery consultation. Death prior to hospital discharge occurred in 11%. Among survivors, 87% were referred for developmental follow-up, and among those with a primary neurologic diagnosis 57% were referred for neurology or neurosurgical follow-up.
Conclusion The NeuroNICU-admitted newborns with or at risk of brain injury comprise a high percentage of NICU volume; 38% had primary neurologic diagnoses, whereas 62% had medical diagnoses. We found many opportunities to provide brain focused intensive care, impacting a substantial proportion of newborns in our NICU.
A novel thiamine-derived pigment, pyrizepine, formed by the Maillard reaction
Authors: Igoshi Asuka , Noda Kyoko , Murata Masatsune 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
To find a Maillard pigment derived from thiamine, a solution containing glucose and thiamine was heated and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode-array detection. As a result, a unique peak showing an absorption maximum at 380 nm was detected. This peak was then isolated from a reaction solution containing glucose, lysine and thiamine, and was identified as 1-(2-methyl-6,9-dihydro-5H-pyrimido[4,5-e][1,4]diazepin-7-yl)ethan-1-one using instrumental analyses. This compound, named pyrizepine, was a novel yellow pigment having a fused ring consisting of pyrimidine and diazepine. Pyrizepine was a major low-molecular-weight pigment in the reaction solution. The structure suggests that pyrizepine is formed by condensation reaction between a degradation product of thiamine and a tetrosone derivative formed from glucose by the Maillard reaction.
Synthesis of fisetin and 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxydihyrochalcone 4′-O-β-neohesperidoside based on site-selective deacetylation and deoxygenation
Authors: Tsunekawa Ryuji , Hanaya Kengo , Higashibayashi Shuhei , Sugai Takeshi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Fisetin and 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxydihyrochalcone 4′-O-β-neohesperidoside were synthesized from commercially available quercetin and naringin in five steps. The key steps are site-selective deacetylation and subsequent deoxygenation. The target molecules were obtained in 37% and 23% yields from the starting materials, respectively.
New metabolites, sarcopodinols A and B, isolated from deep-sea derived fungal strain Sarcopodium sp. FKJ-0025
Authors: Matsuo Hirotaka , Nonaka Kenichi , Nagano Yuriko , Yabuki Akinori , Fujikura Katsunori , Takahashi Yōko , Ōmura Satoshi , Nakashima Takuji 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Fungal strain FKJ-0025 was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected at the Wakamiko Caldera in Kagoshima Bay (water depth: 200 m). The fungal strain FKJ-0025 was identified as the genus Sarcopodium based on its morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. Two new compounds, designated sarcopodinols A (1) and B (2), were isolated together with the known compound SF-227 (3).
Determining the Best Immunization Strategy for Protecting African Children Against Invasive Salmonella Disease
Authors: Jeon Hyon Jin , Pak Gi Deok , Im Justin , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Adu-Sarkodie Yaw , Gassama Sow Amy , Bassiahi Soura Abdramane , Gasmelseed Nagla , Keddy Karen H , Bjerregaard-Andersen Morten , Konings Frank , Aseffa Abraham , Crump John A , Chon Yun , Breiman Robert F , Park Se Eun , Cruz Espinoza Ligia Maria , Seo Hye Jin , May Jürgen , Meyer Christian G , Andrews Jason R , Panzner Ursula , von Kalckreuth Vera , Wierzba Thomas F , Rakotozandrindrainy Raphaël , Dougan Gordon , Levine Myron M , Hombach Joachim , Kim Jerome H , Clemens John D , Baker Stephen , Marks Florian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization recently prequalified a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), recommending its use in persons ≥6 months to 45 years residing in typhoid fever (TF)–endemic areas. We now need to consider how TCVs can have the greatest impact in the most vulnerable populations.

Methods
The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) was a blood culture-based surveillance of febrile patients from defined populations presenting at healthcare facilities in 10 African countries. TF and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease incidences were estimated for 0–10 year-olds in one-year age increments.

Results
Salmonella Typhi and iNTS were the most frequently isolated pathogens; 135 and 94 cases were identified, respectively. Analysis from three countries was excluded (incomplete person-years of observation (PYO) data). Thirty-seven of 123 TF cases (30.1%) and 71/90 iNTS disease cases (78.9%) occurred in children aged &lt;5 years. No TF and 8/90 iNTS infections (8.9%) were observed in infants aged &lt;9 months. The TF incidences (/100 000 PYO) for children aged &lt;1 year and 1 to &lt;2 years were 5 and 39, respectively; the highest incidence was 304 per 100 000 PYO in 4 to &lt;5 year-olds. The iNTS disease incidence in the defined age groups ranged between 81 and 233 per 100 000 PYO, highest in 1 to &lt;2 year-olds. TF and iNTS disease incidences were higher in West Africa.

Conclusions
High burden of TF detected in young children strengthens the need for TCV introduction. Given the concurrent iNTS disease burden, development of a trivalent vaccine against S. Typhi, S. Typhimurium, and S. Enteritidis may be timely in this region.
Microelectrode Recordings Validate the Clinical Visualization of Subthalamic-Nucleus Based on 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Machine Learning for Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Shamir Reuben R , Duchin Yuval , Kim Jinyoung , Patriat Remi , Marmor Odeya , Bergman Hagai , Vitek Jerrold L , Sapiro Guillermo , Bick Atira , Eliahou Ruth , Eitan Renana , Israel Zvi , Harel Noam 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a proven and effective therapy for the management of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). While accurate positioning of the stimulating electrode is critical for success of this therapy, precise identification of the STN based on imaging can be challenging. We developed a method to accurately visualize the STN on a standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The method incorporates a database of 7-Tesla (T) MRIs of PD patients together with machine-learning methods (hereafter 7 T-ML).

OBJECTIVE
To validate the clinical application accuracy of the 7 T-ML method by comparing it with identification of the STN based on intraoperative microelectrode recordings.

METHODS
Sixteen PD patients who underwent microelectrode-recordings guided STN DBS were included in this study (30 implanted leads and electrode trajectories). The length of the STN along the electrode trajectory and the position of its contacts to dorsal, inside, or ventral to the STN were compared using microelectrode-recordings and the 7 T-ML method computed based on the patient's clinical 3T MRI.

RESULTS
All 30 electrode trajectories that intersected the STN based on microelectrode-recordings, also intersected it when visualized with the 7 T-ML method. STN trajectory average length was 6.2 ± 0.7 mm based on microelectrode recordings and 5.8 ± 0.9 mm for the 7 T-ML method. We observed a 93% agreement regarding contact location between the microelectrode-recordings and the 7 T-ML method.

CONCLUSION
The 7 T-ML method is highly consistent with microelectrode-recordings data. This method provides a reliable and accurate patient-specific prediction for targeting the STN.