bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students’, parents’ and teachers’ views about the resources required by school nurses in Perth, Western Australia
Authors: McCluskey Alison , Kendall Garth , Burns Sharyn 
Published: November 2018

Background Nurses play a significant role in promoting health in schools; however, they are often poorly resourced to do so. Aims The aim of the study was to identify the perceptions of students, parents and teachers regarding the resources school nurses require in order to practise effectively in the secondary school environment in Perth, Western Australia. Methods One-on-one interviews were conducted with parents, teachers, nurses, school principals and school counsellors. Focus groups were conducted at three schools with students in years 10, 11 and 12, parents and teachers. Interviews and focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results It was acknowledged that nurses in all schools were under-resourced, with large student numbers contributing to high workloads. The importance of privacy during a visit to the school nurse was highlighted by students. All stakeholders discussed the advantages of nurses completing extra qualifications, in addition to an undergraduate degree. Appropriate support and supervision were also highlighted. Conclusions School nurses need to thoroughly document and describe the work that they do and collaborate within the school community to advocate for increased resources. There is a great need for further research regarding the school nurse role involving the whole school community, and most importantly the students.
Use of immunohistochemical analysis of CK5/6, CK14, and CK34betaE12 in the differential diagnosis of solid papillary carcinoma in situ from intraductal papilloma with usual ductal hyperplasia of the breast
Authors: Maeda Ichiro , Tajima Shinya , Kanemaki Yoshihide , Tsugawa Koichiro , Takagi Masayuki 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to differentiate solid papillary carcinoma in situ from intraductal papilloma with usual ductal hyperplasia (IPUDH). Three types of high-molecular-weight cytokeratins (CKs) – CK5/6, CK14, and CK34betaE12 – were targeted. Methods: We studied 17 patients with solid papillary carcinoma in situ and 18 patients with IPUDH diagnosed by at least two pathologists. Immunohistochemical analyses used antibodies to CK5/6, CK14, and CK34betaE12 to make the differential diagnosis of solid papillary carcinoma in situ versus IPUDH. Immunohistochemical staining was scored as 0–5 using Allred score. Results: Immunohistochemistry with CK5/6 and CK14 antibodies produced scores of 0–3 in all patients with solid papillary carcinoma in situ and 2–5 in all patients with IPUDH. Immunohistochemical staining with CK34betaE12 antibody produced scores of 1–3 in all patients with solid papillary carcinoma and 3–5 in all patients with IPUDH. In tissues from patients with IPUDH, significantly more cells were stained with CK34betaE12 than CK5/6 ( p < 0.05) or CK14 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The immunoreactivity of CK5/6, CK14, and CK34betaE12 antibodies was useful to differentiate solid papillary carcinoma in situ from IPUDH. CK34betaE12 is especially useful for distinguishing solid papillary carcinoma from IPUDH.
Granulomatous rhinitis secondary to feline leishmaniosis: report of an unusual presentation and therapeutic complications
Authors: Leal Rodolfo Oliveira , Pereira Hugo , Cartaxeiro Clara , Delgado Esmeralda , Peleteiro Maria da Conceição , Pereira da Fonseca Isabel 
Published: November 2018

Case summary A 12-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat underwent rhinoscopy due to inspiratory dyspnoea and stertor. Rhinoscopy showed signs of chronic rhinitis and a multinodular nasopharyngeal mucosa. A marked infiltrate of macrophages that contained intracellular parasitic forms morphologically compatible with Leishmania amastigotes were observed on histopathological examination of nasal and nasopharyngeal biopsies. PCR from nasal tissue was positive for Leishmania infantum DNA, confirming the diagnosis of granulomatous rhinitis secondary to this parasite. Two eyelid nodules were identified 2 weeks later. Fine-needle aspiration revealed Leishmania amastigotes within macrophages and in the background. Allopurinol therapy was started, but 5 days later the cat developed dermatological signs compatible with a cutaneous adverse drug reaction. The drug was discontinued and meglumine antimoniate prescribed. Twenty-five days later, the cat presented with acute kidney injury and meglumine antimoniate was discontinued. Despite clinical improvement after fluid therapy, mild azotaemia persisted. The cat was subsequently treated with nucleotides and active hexose correlated compounds (N-AHCC). Four months later upper respiratory signs were exacerbated. A relapse of granulomatous rhinitis was suspected and miltefosine therapy started. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsened during miltefosine treatment, having improved under fluid therapy. Since then, the cat has been treated with N-AHCC and renal diet and at the time of writing shows stable CKD with no recurrence of respiratory signs. Relevance and novel information This case describes Leishmania infantum as a cause of granulomatous rhinitis in a cat without cutaneous lesions, reporting the alternative use of N-AHCC and miltefosine when allopurinol seemed to have induced a cutaneous rash and there was acute kidney injury (AKI) after meglumine antimoniate therapy.
Book Review: Chinnaiah Jangam, Dalits and the Making of Modern India, Sambaiah Gundimeda, Dalit Politics in Contemporary India and Hugo Gorringe, Panthers in Parliament Dalits, Caste and Political Power in South India
Authors: Pai Sudha 
Published: November 2018

Chinnaiah Jangam, Dalits and the Making of Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2017. 264 pages. ₹630. Sambaiah Gundimeda, Dalit Politics in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Routledge. 2016. 294 pages. ₹1,595. Hugo Gorringe, Panthers in Parliament Dalits, Caste and Political Power in South India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2017. 424 pages. ₹995.
Voudourisite, Cd(SO4)·H2O, and lazaridisite, Cd3(SO4)3·8H2O, two new minerals from the Lavrion Mining District, Greece
Authors: Rieck Branko , Lengauer Christian L. , Giester Gerald 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVoudourisite, Cd(SO4)·H2O, and lazaridisite, Cd3(SO4)3·8H2O, are two new minerals from the Esperanza Mine, Kaminiza Area, Lavrion Mining District, Greece. This small ancient mine is also the type locality of niedermayrite and katerinopoulosite. Further associated minerals are sphalerite, galena, edwardsite, chalcanthite, gypsum and greenockite. Both secondary minerals form tiny clusters or crusts and are among the latest to form in this paragenetic sequence. They are colourless or white, transparent to translucent, with a white streak and vitreous lustre. No fluorescence is observed. The minerals exhibit conchoidal fracture, no cleavage or preferred parting. The Mohs hardness is ~3 and both have brittle tenacity. Voudourisite is biaxial (–) with refractive indices at 589(1) nm of α = 1.580(2), β = 1.624(2), γ = 1.640(2), 2Vmeas.= 70(5)°, 2Vcalc.= 61° and β ~ || [010]. Lazaridisite is biaxial neutral with refractive indices at 589(1) nm of α = 1.552(2), β = 1.561(2), γ = 1.570(2), 2Vmeas.= 90(5)° and 2Vcalc.= 90°. The chemical compositions of voudourisite and lazaridisite are close to ideal with only minor amounts of copper detectable. The atomic arrangement in voudourisite (space groupP21/cwitha= 7.633(2),b= 7.458(2),c= 8.151(2) Å, β = 122.35(1)° andV= 392.0(2) Å3) is related to that of kieserite while lazaridisite (space groupC2/cwitha= 14.813(3),b= 11.902(2),c= 9.466(2) Å, β = 97.38(1)° andV= 1655.2(6) Å3) is a distinct structure-type. Calculated densities are 3.838 and 3.088 g/cm3, respectively.The strongest lines in the powder X-ray pattern [din Å (I) (hkl)] are: 4.890 (66) (110); 3.741 (25) (020); 3.578 (100) (11$\bar 2$); 3.230 (43) (200); 2.525 (33) (022); 2.395 (29) (112) for voudourisite and 6.860 (100) (200); 6.317 (72) (111); 5.965 (84) (020); 4.512 (58) (310); 3.727 (78) (202); 3.608(82)(13$\bar 1$); 3.109 (83) (40$\bar 2$); 3.020 (50) (33$\bar 1$) for lazaridisite, respectively.
Increased Ripk1-mediated bone marrow necroptosis leads to myelodysplasia and bone marrow failure in mice
Authors: Wagner Patrice N. , Shi Qiong , Salisbury-Ruf Christi T. , Zou Jing , Savona Michael R. , Fedoriw Yuri , Zinkel Sandra S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a dynamic system that requires balanced cell division, differentiation, and death. The 2 major modes of programmed cell death, apoptosis and necroptosis, share molecular machinery but diverge in outcome with important implications for the microenvironment; apoptotic cells are removed in an immune silent process, whereas necroptotic cells leak cellular contents that incite inflammation. Given the importance of cytokine-directed cues for hematopoietic cell survival and differentiation, the impact on hematopoietic homeostasis of biasing cell death fate to necroptosis is substantial and poorly understood. Here, we present a mouse model with increased bone marrow necroptosis. Deletion of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak inhibits bone marrow apoptosis. Further deletion of the BH3-only member Bid (to generate VavCreBaxBakBid triple-knockout [TKO] mice) leads to unrestrained bone marrow necroptosis driven by increased Rip1 kinase (Ripk1). TKO mice display loss of progenitor cells, leading to increased cytokine production and increased stem cell proliferation and exhaustion and culminating in bone marrow failure. Genetically restoring Ripk1 to wild-type levels restores peripheral red cell counts as well as normal cytokine production. TKO bone marrow is hypercellular with abnormal differentiation, resembling the human disorder myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and we demonstrate increased necroptosis in MDS bone marrow. Finally, we show that Bid impacts necroptotic signaling through modulation of caspase-8–mediated Ripk1 degradation. Thus, we demonstrate that dysregulated necroptosis in hematopoiesis promotes bone marrow progenitor cell death that incites inflammation, impairs hematopoietic stem cells, and recapitulates the salient features of the bone marrow failure disorder MDS.
Mayo alliance prognostic system for mastocytosis: clinical and hybrid clinical-molecular models
Authors: Pardanani Animesh , Shah Sahrish , Mannelli Francesco , Elala Yoseph C. , Guglielmelli Paola , Lasho Terra L. , Patnaik Mrinal M. , Gangat Naseema , Ketterling Rhett P. , Reichard Kaaren K. , Hanson Curtis A. , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with prognosis chiefly assigned based on World Health Organization (WHO) morphologic subclassification. We assessed the feasibility of developing contemporary risk models for SM based on clinical and integrated clinical-genetics information. Diagnosis of SM was per WHO criteria, and karyotype and next-generation sequencing data were available in a subset of the total 580 patients (median age, 55 years; range, 18-88 years) seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1968 and 2015. Morphologic subcategories were indolent/smoldering in 291 (50%) and “advanced” in 289 (50%): SM with an associated hematological neoplasm in 199, aggressive SM in 85, and mast cell leukemia in 5. Multivariable analysis of clinical variables identified age &gt;60 years, advanced SM, thrombocytopenia &lt;150 × 109/L, anemia below sex-adjusted normal, and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as independent risk factors for survival; respective hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were 2.5 (1.9-3.4), 2.7 (1.8-4.0), 2.5 (1.9-3.4), 2.2 (1.6-3.1), and 2.1 (1.5-3.0). In addition, ASXL1 (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.6-7.6), RUNX1 (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3-10.8), and NRAS (HR, 5.0, 95% CI, 1.5-13.2) mutations were independently associated with inferior survival. Combined clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular risk factor analysis confirmed the independent prognostic contribution of adverse mutations (2.6, 1.6-4.4), advanced SM (4.0, 1.8-10.0), thrombocytopenia (2.8, 1.7-4.5), increased ALP (2.1, 1.2-4.0), and age &gt;60 years (2.2, 1.3-3.6). These data were subsequently used to develop clinical and hybrid clinical-molecular risk models. The current study advances 2 complementary risk models for SM and highlights the independent prognostic contribution of mutations.
Increasing access to psychological treatments for adults by improving uptake and equity: rationale and lessons from the UK
Authors: Brown June S. L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objectives
Access to psychological treatments has been defined by Gulliford as comprising supply, effectiveness, equity and uptake. In the UK, a recent national programme “Improving Access to Psychological Treatments” has significantly increased supply and assessed effectiveness, but paid less attention to uptake and equity. The model developed by Gask et al. delineating processes relevant to improving access for ‘hard-to-engage’ groups in the UK, including black and minority groups seems relevant. This paper presents studies of a large-scale ‘community workshop’ intervention model developed by Brown to improve access for adults in the UK, designed to improve uptake and equity. We describe two ‘community workshop’ interventions for common mental health problems to which people have been able to self-refer and where uptake and equity have been high. Key components of this model are a ‘group-sensitive engagement’ ethos which includes self-referral, non-diagnostic titles of the intervention, a non-mental health setting, face-to-face presentation as well as a brief intervention and an acceptable format.

Conclusion
The model of community workshops with its ‘group-sensitive engagement’ ethos to which adults can self-refer may be very relevant in providing access for people with mental health needs in national and international settings.
Trial registration Classic ISRCTN26634837
What Is the Effectiveness of Patient Decision Aids for Cancer-Related Decisions? A Systematic Review Subanalysis
Authors: McAlpine Kristen , Lewis Krystina B. , Trevena Lyndal J. , Stacey Dawn 
Published: November 2018

Purpose To determine the effectiveness of patient decision aids when used with patients who face cancer-related decisions. Patients and Methods Two reviewers independently screened the 105 trials in the original 2017 Cochrane review to identify eligible trials of patient decision aids across the cancer continuum. Primary outcomes were attributes of the choice and decision-making process. Secondary outcomes were patient behavior and health system effects. A meta-analysis was conducted for similar outcome measures. Results Forty-six trials evaluated patient decision aids for cancer care, including 27 on screening decisions (59%), 12 on treatments (26%), four on genetic testing (9%), and three on prevention (6%). Common decisions were aboutprostate cancer screening (30%), colorectal cancer screening (22%), breast cancer treatment (13%), and prostate cancer treatment (9%). Compared with the control groups (usual care or alternative interventions), the patient decision aid group improved the match between the chosen option and the features that mattered most to the patient as demonstrated by improved knowledge (weighted mean difference, 12.88 of 100; 95% CI, 9.87 to 15.89; 24 trials), accurate risk perception (risk ratio [RR], 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.56; six trials), and value-choice agreement (RR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.57 to 4.84; nine trials). Compared with controls, the patient decision aid group improved the decision-making process with decreased decisional conflict (weighted mean difference, −9.56 of 100; 95% CI, −13.90 to −5.23; 12 trials), reduced clinician-controlled decision making (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.79; eight trials), and fewer patients being indecisive (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.78; nine trials). Conclusion Patient decision aids improve the attributes of the choice made and decision-making process for patients who face cancer-related decisions.
From Drosophila segmentation to human cancer therapy
Authors: Ingham Philip W. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
First described in Drosophila, Hedgehog signalling is a key regulator of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis and its dysfunction underlies a variety of human congenital anomalies and diseases. Although now recognised as a major target for cancer therapy as well as a mediator of directed stem cell differentiation, the unveiling of the function and mechanisms of Hedgehog signalling was driven largely by an interest in basic developmental biology rather than clinical need. Here, I describe how curiosity about embryonic patterning led to the identification of the family of Hedgehog signalling proteins and the pathway that transduces their activity, and ultimately to the development of drugs that block this pathway.
The regulation of the homeostasis and regeneration of peripheral nerve is distinct from the CNS and independent of a stem cell population
Authors: Stierli Salome , Napoli Ilaria , White Ian J. , Cattin Anne-Laure , Monteza Cabrejos Anthony , Garcia Calavia Noelia , Malong Liza , Ribeiro Sara , Nihouarn Julie , Williams Richard , Young Kaylene M. , Richardson William D. , Lloyd Alison C. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Peripheral nerves are highly regenerative, in contrast to the poor regenerative capabilities of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we show that adult peripheral nerve is a more quiescent tissue than the CNS, yet all cell types within a peripheral nerve proliferate efficiently following injury. Moreover, whereas oligodendrocytes are produced throughout life from a precursor pool, we find that the corresponding cell of the peripheral nervous system, the myelinating Schwann cell (mSC), does not turn over in the adult. However, following injury, all mSCs can dedifferentiate to the proliferating progenitor-like Schwann cells (SCs) that orchestrate the regenerative response. Lineage analysis shows that these newly migratory, progenitor-like cells redifferentiate to form new tissue at the injury site and maintain their lineage, but can switch to become a non-myelinating SC. In contrast, increased plasticity is observed during tumourigenesis. These findings show that peripheral nerves have a distinct mechanism for maintaining homeostasis and can regenerate without the need for an additional stem cell population.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Novel initiator caspase reporters uncover previously unknown features of caspase-activating cells
Authors: Baena-Lopez Luis Alberto , Arthurton Lewis , Bischoff Marcus , Vincent Jean-Paul , Alexandre Cyrille , McGregor Reuben 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The caspase-mediated regulation of many cellular processes, including apoptosis, justifies the substantial interest in understanding all of the biological features of these enzymes. To complement functional assays, it is crucial to identify caspase-activating cells in live tissues. Our work describes novel initiator caspase reporters that, for the first time, provide direct information concerning the initial steps of the caspase activation cascade in Drosophila tissues. One of our caspase sensors capitalises on the rapid subcellular localisation change of a fluorescent marker to uncover novel cellular apoptotic events relating to the actin-mediated positioning of the nucleus before cell delamination. The other construct benefits from caspase-induced nuclear translocation of a QF transcription factor. This feature enables the genetic manipulation of caspase-activating cells and reveals the spatiotemporal patterns of initiator caspase activity. Collectively, our sensors offer experimental opportunities not available by using previous reporters and have proven useful to illuminate previously unknown aspects of caspase-dependent processes in apoptotic and non-apoptotic cellular scenarios.
Colorectal cancer
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: November 2018

This article in the series considers cancer of the large bowel; this type of cancer is often referred to as ‘colorectal’ cancer. Small bowel cancer is less common, as cancer is more likely to develop in the large bowel. The anatomy of the lower gastrointestinal tract is discussed; it is essential that the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) have an understanding of the lower gastrointestinal tract in order to ensure the care they provide is appropriate and patient–centred. The article outlines key issues associated with colorectal cancer. A glossary of terms is provided at the end of the article and five multiple–choice questions to help with learning and application to practice.
Дискуссия как один из методов проблемного обучения
Authors: Dziewanowska Dorota 
Published: November 2018

The author of the article points out the advantages of using the discussion method (which is one of the strategies of problem teaching) during foreign language classes. This strategy creates the possibility to develop various competences in learners, for example: the competence of formulating their own opinion; the competence of expressing their point of view; the competence of achieving consensus and formulating decisions reached through solving the problem together with a group of learners; the competence of summing up. In the process of foreign language teaching, discussion is the most effective and also the most complicated form of language practice, and one which requires multi-stage preparation.
Limited response of a spring bloom community inoculated with filamentous cyanobacteria to elevated temperature and pCO2
Authors: Olofsson Malin , Torstensson Anders , Karlberg Maria , Steinhoff Franciska S. , Dinasquet Julie , Riemann Lasse , Chierici Melissa , Wulff Angela 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Temperature and CO2 levels are projected to increase in the future, with consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling in brackish environments, such as the Baltic Sea. Moreover, filamentous cyanobacteria are predicted to be favored over other phytoplankton groups under these conditions. Under a 12-day outdoor experiment, we examined the effect on a natural phytoplankton spring bloom community of elevated temperature (from 1°C to 4°C) and elevated pCO2 (from 390 to 970 μatm). No effects of elevated pCO2 or temperature were observed on phytoplankton biovolumes, but a significantly higher photosystem II activity was observed at elevated temperature after 9 days. In addition, three species of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria were inoculated to test their competitive capacity under spring bloom conditions. The toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena exhibited an average specific growth rate of 0.10 d−1 by the end of the experiment, indicating potential prevalence even during wintertime in the Baltic Sea. Generally, none of the inoculated cyanobacteria species were able to outcompete the natural phytoplankton species at temperatures ≤4°C. No direct effects were found on heterotrophic bacteria. This study demonstrates the highly efficient resistance towards short-term (12 days) changes in abiotic factors by the natural Baltic Sea spring bloom community.
Approximation solvability for a system of implicit nonlinear variational inclusions with Η-monotone operators
Authors: Kim Jong Kyu , Bhat Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and study a new system of variational inclusions which is called a system of nonlinear implicit variational inclusion problems with A-monotone and H-monotone operators in semi-inner product spaces. We define the resolvent operator associated with A-monotone and H-monotone operators and prove its Lipschitz continuity. Using resolvent operator technique, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for this new system of variational inclusions. Moreover, we suggest an iterative algorithm for approximating the solution of this system and discuss the convergence analysis of the sequences generated by the iterative algorithm under some suitable conditions.