bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multigenerational exposure of populations of Oppia nitens to zinc under pulse and continuous exposure scenarios
Authors: Jegede Olukayode O. , Hale Beverley A. , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Current soil remediation guidelines for metals reflect single-generation laboratory studies, but in the field, organisms are exposed to metals for more than one generation. The present study assessed the multigenerational effect of zinc (Zn) on Oppia nitens under a pulse or continuous exposure scenario. Synchronized adult mites (parents) were exposed to 6 concentrations of Zn in a field soil. For the pulse exposure, juveniles of parent mites from 3 of the 6 concentrations (105, 158, 237, 335, 553, and 800 mg/kg) were kept in clean media and reared until the third generation. At every generation, the sensitivity of the mites to Zn was tested in a dose–response manner. For the continuous exposure, the mites produced from the parents were re-exposed to the same concentration as their parents. According to critical-level estimates like the median effect concentration, all populations of the F2 and F3 generation mites in the pulse exposure were less sensitive to Zn than the parents and were protected at 250 mg/kg of Zn (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment [2018] soil quality guideline). However, the mite generations of the continuous exposure remained as sensitive as the parent generation and were not protected by the Zn guideline level. The Zn niche width narrowed considerably for all continuously exposed mite populations, indicating that they were more sensitive than the parent. Our results show that Zn has a deleterious multigenerational effect on continuously exposed populations of mites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:896–904. © 2019 SETAC
Chronic ammonia toxicity to juveniles of 2 tropical Australian freshwater mussels (Velesunio spp.): Toxicity test optimization and implications for water quality guideline values
Authors: Kleinhenz Linda S. , Humphrey Christopher L. , Mooney Thomas J. , Trenfield Melanie A. , van Dam Rick A. , Nugegoda Dayanthi , Harford Andrew J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Freshwater mussels play key roles in aquatic ecosystems, but are experiencing a global decline. Although studies have reported high acute sensitivity of mussels to some contaminants, chronic toxicity data are lacking for deriving high-reliability water quality guideline values. Ammonia is a contaminant of potential concern in some catchments of tropical northern Australia, where freshwater mussels are important ecological and cultural components. The extremely soft waters (hardness &lt; 5 mg/L) of these environments can result in increased toxicity of many contaminants including ammonia, and regionally relevant tropical guideline values are needed to adequately protect these unique ecosystems. An optimized 14-d toxicity test protocol was used to assess the chronic toxicity of ammonia for 2 species, the lotic Velesunio sp. and the lentic Velesunio angasi. Ammonia exposures were conducted at pH 6.0 and 27 ± 0.5 °C to represent local environmental conditions, using shell length growth rate as the endpoint. Chronic toxicity estimates indicated high sensitivity to ammonia, with mean median effect concentrations (in total ammonia nitrogen) being 7.0 mg/L for V. angasi from the semi-urbanized Lake Bennett, 9.2 mg/L for V. angasi from Sandy Billabong, and 11.3 mg/L for Velesunio sp. from Gulungul Creek. When the 10% effect concentration values were compared with other chronic ammonia data (normalized to pH 7.0 and 20 °C), Velesunio spp. were found to be more sensitive than 8 of 16 other temperate and 7 of 9 tropical invertebrate and fish species. These chronic toxicity estimates will be used to further inform regionally relevant and site-specific guideline values. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:841–851. © 2019 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Response surface optimization for recovery of polyphenols and carotenoids from leaves of Centella asiatica using an ethanol‐based solvent system
Authors: Gunathilake K. D. P. P. , Ranaweera K. K. D. S. , Rupasinghe H. P. V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResponse surface methodology has been used to optimize the extraction conditions for total phenolics and carotenoids from leaves of Centella asiatica. Solvent concentration (30%–100%), extraction temperature (30–60°C), and extraction time (30–90 min) were used as the independent variables. A second‐order polynomial model produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total phenolics (R2 = 84.75%, p < 0.004) and carotenoid (R2 = 78.74, p < 0.019) contents. The optimum extraction conditions of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction time for phenolics were 6.1%, 70.2°C, and 110.5 min and for carotenoids, the optimum parameters were 100%, 70.2°C, and 110.5 min, respectively. The optimal predicted contents for total phenolics (9.03 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g DW) and carotenoid (8.74 mg/g DW) values in the extracts were agreed with the experimental values obtained with optimum extraction conditions for each response, and also they possess significantly higher total antioxidant capacity.
Evaluation of 10 genotypes of sweetpotato for fries
Authors: Laryea Damian , Koomson Debora , Oduro Ibok , Carey Edward 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe potential use of selected genotypes of sweetpotato for fries was evaluated. Moisture, fat, browning index, and beta‐carotene content of fries from 10 sweetpotato genotypes, Apomuden, Bohye, Nanungungu, Otoo, CIP442162, Patron, CIP440390, Obare, Dadanyuie, and Tu‐Purple, were determined by standard methods. Sensorial properties of the fries were further evaluated by an in‐house trained panel of eight members using standard methods. Fat content was highest in CIP442162 and low in Dadanyuie, while beta‐carotene content decreased by 44.27% in Bohye and 13.20% in Nanungungu after frying. Browning index was highest in the orange‐fleshed and purple genotypes, but this was mostly due to their flesh colors and not the frying conditions. Fries from orange‐fleshed genotypes, Apomuden and Nanungungu, were considered to be sweeter than the other genotypes. Detection of caramel and starch (rawness sensation) was very low for all genotypes assessed. Oily mouthcoat, moistness, and sogginess were detected in mostly the orange‐fleshed genotypes, particularly Apomuden and Nanungungu. Tu‐Purple, Bohye, and CIP440390 produced moderately crunchy fries and had the highest score for desirable attributes compared with the other genotypes. Tu‐Purple, Bohye, and CIP440390 could be explored in commercial production of fries for enhanced utilization of developed sweetpotato genotypes.
Integration of human factors into the design process of helicopter maintainability
Authors: Bernard Fabien , Zare Mohsen , Sagot Jean‐Claude , Paquin Raphael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe integration of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) in maintenance activities may improve the working conditions of maintenance operators by reducing errors and accidents. Maintainability takes into account HFE in the aeronautics industry to anticipate the design of the aircrafts, following the CPA regulation FAR/CS‐25.1309, for large transport category. For the helicopter field, there are no official recommendations but the rotorcraft industry tries to integrate HFE into its design phases of maintainability to increase flight safety. Without a standard framework, the aviation industries (plane and helicopter) develop their own way of working and requirements. Furthermore, previous studies highlight the lack of compromise between the design and HFE criteria in maintainability. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to investigate how HFE is integrated within all steps of the design process in the maintainability department of helicopter manufacturers in France. The ergonomic skills and knowledge of stakeholders were studied and the associated tools to evaluate the HFE criteria were surveyed. We observed that maintainability stakeholders underutilize powerful simulation tools, which are sufficient for and efficient at performing HFE analysis. Additionally, it was reported that understanding of HFE information weakened over the course of the milestones of the design project progressed. Our conclusion details the need to provide a simple methodology or rather a relevant tool that helps maintainability stakeholders to integrate HFE in a homogenous way along all the design project milestones.
Quantifying rehabilitation risks for surface-strip coal mines using a soil compaction Bayesian network in South Africa and Australia: To demonstrate the R2AIN Framework
Authors: Weyer Vanessa D , de Waal Alta , Lechner Alex M , Unger Corinne J , O'Connor Tim G , Baumgartl Thomas , Schulze Roland , Truter Wayne F 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Environmental information is acquired and assessed during the environmental impact assessment process for surface-strip coal mine approval. However, integrating these data and quantifying rehabilitation risk using a holistic multidisciplinary approach is seldom undertaken. We present a rehabilitation risk assessment integrated network (R2AIN™) framework that can be applied using Bayesian networks (BNs) to integrate and quantify such rehabilitation risks. Our framework has 7 steps, including key integration of rehabilitation risk sources and the quantification of undesired rehabilitation risk events to the final application of mitigation. We demonstrate the framework using a soil compaction BN case study in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa and the Bowen Basin, Australia. Our approach allows for a probabilistic assessment of rehabilitation risk associated with multidisciplines to be integrated and quantified. Using this method, a site's rehabilitation risk profile can be determined before mining activities commence and the effects of manipulating management actions during later mine phases to reduce risk can be gauged, to aid decision making. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:190–208. © 2019 SETAC
Multicomponent Porphyrin‐Based Tetragonal Prismatic Metallacages and their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Zhao Zhengqing , Zhang Zeyuan , Wang Heng , Li Xiaopeng , Zhang Mingming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMulticomponent coordination‐driven self‐assembly has proved to be a convenient approach to prepare advanced supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), especially for those with three‐dimensional structures. Herein, we report the preparation of three tetragonal prismatic cages via the self‐assembly of Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2, three different linear dipyridyl ligands and porphyrin‐based sodium benzoate ligands. Due to the efficient charge separation in the coordination process of Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2 with pyridine and carboxylic acid and the directionality of metal‐coordination bonds, these cages were prepared in high isolated yields (more than 90 %). The absorption and emission properties as well as the singlet oxygen quantum yields of these cages were also studied, showing their potential applications as contrast agents for bio‐imaging and photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.
Pharmacological inhibition of TLR4/NF‐κB with TLR4‐IN‐C34 attenuated microcystin‐leucine arginine toxicity in bovine Sertoli cells
Authors: Adegoke Elikanah Olusayo , Adeniran Samson Olugbenga , Zeng Yue , Wang Xue , Wang Hao , Wang Chen , Zhang Han , Zheng Peng , Zhang Guixue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the pharmacological inhibition of the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes as a measure to attenuate microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR) reproductive toxicity. Bovine Sertoli cells were pretreated with TLR4‐IN‐C34 (C34) for 1 hour. Thereafter the pretreated and non‐pretreated Sertoli cells were cultured in medium containing 10% heat‐activated fetal bovine serum + 80 μg/L MC‐LR for 24 hours to assess the ability of TLR4‐IN‐C34 to attenuate the toxic effects of MC‐LR. The results showed that TLR4‐IN‐C34 inhibited MC‐LR‐induced mitochondria membrane damage, mitophagy and downregulation of blood‐testis barrier constituent proteins via TLR4/nuclear factor‐kappaB and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis signaling pathway blockage. The downregulation of the mitochondria electron transport chain, energy production and DNA replication related genes (mt‐ND2, COX‐1, COX‐2, ACAT, mtTFA) and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, interferon‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13 and transforming growth factor β1) were modulated by TLR4‐IN‐C34. Taken together, we conclude that TLR4‐IN‐C34 inhibits MC‐LR‐related disruption of mitochondria membrane, mitophagy and downregulation of blood‐testis barrier proteins of the bovine Sertoli cell via cytochrome c release and TLR4 signaling blockage.
Biomimetic mineralization using matrix vesicle nanofragments
Authors: Kunitomi Yosuke , Hara Emilio Satoshi , Okada Masahiro , Nagaoka Noriyuki , Kuboki Takuo , Nakano Takayoshi , Kamioka Hiroshi , Matsumoto Takuya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn vitro synthesis of bone tissue has been paid attention in recent years; however, current methods to fabricate bone tissue are still ineffective due to some remaining gaps in the understanding of real in vivo bone formation process, and application of the knowledge in bone synthesis. Therefore, the objectives of this study were first, to perform a systematic and ultrastructural investigation of the initial mineral formation during intramembranous ossification of mouse calvaria from a material scientists' viewpoint, and to develop novel mineralization methods based on the in vivo findings. First, the very initial mineral deposition was found to occur at embryonic day E14.0 in mouse calvaria. Analysis of the initial bone formation process showed that it involved the following distinct steps: collagen secretion, matrix vesicle (MV) release, MV mineralization, MV rupture, and collagen fiber mineralization. Next, we performed in vitro mineralization experiments using MVs and hydrogel scaffolds. Intact MVs embedded in collagen gel did not mineralize, whereas, interestingly, MV nanofragments obtained by ultrasonication could promote rapid mineralization. These results indicate that mechanically ruptured MV membrane can be a promising material for in vitro bone tissue synthesis. © 2019 The Authors. journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published By Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1021–1030, 2019.
Igalan induces detoxifying enzymes mediated by the Nrf2 pathway in HepG2 cells
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Mi , Shin Ji Min , Chun Jaemoo , Song Kwangho , Nho Chu Won , Kim Yeong Shik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIgalan is one of the sesquiterpene lactones found in Inula helenium L., which is used as the traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the pharmacological effects of igalan have not been characterized. In this study, we isolated igalan from
I. helenium L. and evaluated the effects of igalan on signaling pathways and expression of target genes in HepG2 cells. Igalan activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by increasing the inactive form of GSK3β, the phosphorylated form of AKT, and the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Thus, target genes of Nrf2 such as HO‐1 and NQO1 increased in HepG2 cells. Moreover, igalan inhibited the tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced nuclear factor‐κB activation and suppressed the expression of its target genes, including TNF‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐8 in HepG2 cells. Our results indicate the potential of igalan as an activator of cellular defense mechanisms and a detoxifying agent.
Attractylone attenuates sepsis‐associated encephalopathy and cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation
Authors: Tian Mi , Qingzhen Liu , Zhiyang Yu , Chunlong Chen , Jiao Duan , Zhang Lidong , Li Weiyan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultiple studies demonstrated that sepsis is a life‐threatening state of organ dysfunction caused by infection and can induce neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of attractylone (Atr) on sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) and cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, we studied the underlying molecular mechanisms. We used an LPS‐induced sepsis mouse model and evaluated the cognitive function with the Morris water maze and open field test. Neuronal damage in the hippocampus was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. BV2 cells were used to identify the protective mechanism of Atr. The result showed that Atr attenuated LPS‐induced cognitive impairment, neural apoptosis, inflammatory factors, and microglial activation. The in vitro experiment showed that Atr promoted silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) expression and suppressed NFκB expression. Downregulation of SIRT1 reversed the protective effect of Atr in the LPS condition. Moreover, Atr‐induced SIRT1 expression promoted BV2 from LPS‐induced M1 to M2 phenotype. Taken together, these results indicated that Atr was a potential therapeutic agent for SAE and cognitive dysfunction.
Deletion of SMURF 1 represses ovarian cancer invasion and EMT by modulating the DAB2IP/AKT/Skp2 feedback loop
Authors: Fan Xiuhua , Wang Yan , Fan Jiajia , Chen Rui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSMAD ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1) has been described as a tumor suppressor in multiple aggressive cancers. Nevertheless, the potential role of SMURF1 in ovarian cancer invasion and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of SMURF1 on tumor migration and EMT and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in ovarian carcinoma. We found elevated SMURF1 in several ovarian cancer cells in both messenger RNA and protein. Additionally, silencing SMURF1 apparently repressed cell proliferation and invasion capacity of SKOV3 and A2780 cells and markedly attenuated expression of linked proteins such as proliferating cellnuclear antigen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, and MMP‐9. Furthermore, depletion of SMURF1 dramatically impeded EMT progress by modulating EMT biomarkers, with a notable increase in E‐cadherin expression accompanied by the decrease in N‐cadherin and vimentin in both SKOV3 and A2780 cells. Interestingly, elimination of SMURF1 led to disabled homolog 2 DOC‐2/DAB2 interacting protein (DAB2IP) activation and dampened AKT/Skp2 signaling. Most important, depleted of DAB2IP or treatment with the AKT agonist 740Y‐P effectively abolished the suppressive effects of SMURF1 knockout on cell invasiveness and EMT process. Taken all data together, these findings demonstrated that the absence of SMURF1 repressed cell proliferation, invasive capability, and EMT process in ovarian cancer through DAB2IP/AKT/Skp2 signaling loops, suggesting that SMURF1 may serve as a new potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
Acetylcholinesterase with mesoporous silica: Covalent immobilization, physiochemical characterization, and its application in food for pesticide detection
Authors: Palanivelu Jeyanthi , Chidambaram Ramalingam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractToxic contamination of commonly consumed food products and water due to food chain vulnerability via agricultural products and commodities is a serious health hazard. This study reports on Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA‐15), a type of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, for efficient and stable acetylcholinesterase (AChE) adhesion toward detection of toxic pesticides. AChE was immobilized to the inert framework of mesoporous materials viz. SBA‐15 with a proficient hydrolytic response toward acetylthiocholine. The immobilized system acts as a biosensor for the detection of pesticides, which are organophosphorus compounds in food. Both the SBA‐15 and immobilized SBA‐15 were characterized to give an insight on the physiochemical and morphological modification properties. The enzyme activity was accessed by Ellman’s spectrophotometric bioassay for bare and enzyme‐immobilized SBA‐15 that resulted in promising enzymatic activity with the counterpart. Enzyme stability was also studied, which exhibited that immobilized AChE retained its catalytic activity up to 60 days and retained 80% of the hydrolytic activity even at 37°C. On the basis of the success of immobilized enzyme (covalent) being inhibited by acetylthiocholine, the sensor was administered for the inhibition by monocrotophos and dimethoate that are used widely as pesticides in agricultural. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was found to be 2.5 ppb for monocrotophos and 1.5 ppb for dimethoate inhibiting immobilized AChE. This was verified using cyclic voltammetry, an electrochemical analysis thus proving that the SBA‐15@AChE complex could be used as a sensitive and highly stable sensor for detecting the concentration of hazardous pesticide compounds.
Behavioral functions underlying NSSI and eating disorder behaviors
Authors: Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Suzuki Takakuni , Brausch Amy M. , Peyerl Naomi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether the psychological functions motivating eating disorder (ED) and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) behaviors are similar, thereby representing shared mechanisms accounting for their high co‐occurrence.MethodSelf‐report data assessing NSSI, ED symptoms, and behavioral functions were collected from 676 adults with recent NSSI (past 6 months; n = 333) or disordered eating (
n = 343).ResultsMeasurement invariance analyses revealed the same function‐factor structure for ED and NSSI behaviors for 8 out of 13 scales. Comparisons of scalar latent means showed that some functions, while relevant to both behaviors, were rated as subjectively more salient to engaging in either ED or NSSI behavior.ConclusionsSimilar functions have relevance to understanding engagement in NSSI and ED, but important differences exist in the subjective salience of each function. Treatments focusing on the shared functions of NSSI and ED may have greater success in simultaneously decreasing engagement in these behaviors.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and mindfulness facets in relation to suicide risk among firefighters
Authors: Stanley Ian H. , Boffa Joseph W. , Tran Jana K. , Schmidt Norman Brad , Joiner Thomas E. , Vujanovic Anka A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with increased suicide risk among firefighters. Few studies have examined modifiable factors, such as mindfulness facets, that might attenuate this association. This study examined the interactive effects of PTSD symptoms and mindfulness facets in relation to suicide risk among firefighters.MethodOverall, 831 career firefighters were assessed for PTSD symptoms, mindfulness facets, and suicide risk via the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire—Revised, respectively.ResultsGreater PTSD symptoms were associated with more severe suicide risk; however, higher levels of two specific mindfulness facets, acting with awareness and nonjudging of inner experience, attenuated this association. By contrast, higher levels of the observing facet of mindfulness potentiated the association between PTSD symptoms and suicide risk.ConclusionsSuicide prevention initiatives among firefighters, particularly those experiencing trauma‐related sequelae, might benefit from the inclusion of mindfulness‐based practices alongside frontline empirically‐supported approaches.