bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Amblyopic Scotoma by Electrophysiological Examinations and Computerized Perimetry
Authors: Fioretto M. , Gandolfo E. , Burtolo C. , Orione C. , Fava G.P. , Calabria G. , Zingirian M. 
Published: April 2018

To evaluate amblyopic scotoma and the most affected neural cells in suppressive phenomena, eight patients with deep amblyopia from strabismus (visual acuity of the amblyopic eye between 4/50 and 2/10) underwent a pattern electroretinogram (PERG), pattern visual evoked potential (VEP), and event-related potential (ERP) from visual stimuli, and computerized perimetry. The results of stimulation of the amblyopic eye, the leading eye and the leading eye penalized by Ryser filters were compared statistically. Computerized perimetry was used to quantify the depth and amplitude of the amblyopic scotoma. All electrophysiological potentials were reduced in amplitude and the implicit times of VEP and ERP were longer when stimulating the amblyopic eye compared to the leading eye. Only in PERG the penalization induced major changes. Our data suggest that the important suppressive phenomena present in the squint amblyopic eye involve not only the occipital cortex, but also the cognitive areas.
Compound Myopic Astigmatism Correction using a Mask In-the-Rail Excimer Laser Delivery System. Preliminary Results
Authors: Carones F. , Brancato R. , Morico A. , Venturi E. , Gobbi P.G. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. The latest development in the erodible mask technology is an excimer laser containing the mask in the laser optical pathway. This paper reports the results of the first human series of consecutive treatments performed for the correction of compound myopic astigmatism. Methods. We have treated 83 eyes. Spherical equivalent attempted correction ranged between –1.75 and –11.75 D (mean –7.07 ± 2.45 D), astigmatic attempted correction ranged between –1.00 and –5.00 D (mean –2.42 ± 1.02 D). The sphere correction was made by diaphragm using a multi-zone software with three ablation zones: 100% of the total attempted correction for the central 5.0 mm zone, 70% for the second 6.0 mm zone, 30% for the outer 6.5 mm zone. Cylinder correction was made sequentially after myopic correction using the appropriate mask. Results. One month after treatment, mean refractive error was +1.07 ± 1.24 D (range +4.50/–1.75 D) for spherical equivalent, and –0.49 ± 0.57 D (range +0.75/–2.00 D) for astigmatism. Forty-eight eyes (57.8%) had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. At six months, mean refractive error was +0.42 ± 0.97 D (range +3.75/–1.00 D) for spherical equivalent, and –0.44 ± 0.51 D (range +0. 25/–3.00 D) for astigmatism. Vector analysis showed that 57 eyes (68.7%) had 5 or less degrees rotation. Seventy-two (86.7%) and 54 eyes (65.1%) had uncorrected visual acuity equal or better than 20/40 and 20/25 respectively. One eye (1.2%) showed a best corrected visual acuity loss of more than one line, but 8 eyes (9.6%) had a gain of more than one line. One-year results on a smaller series (33 eyes) overlap with the six-month results. Conclusions. The mask in-the-rail excimer laser delivery system appears to be effective and predictable in the correction of compound myopic astigmatism. We observed no significant regression of the astigmatic correction over time. Longer follow-up on larger series is necessary to draw final conclusions.
Subconjunctival Thc: Yag Laser Sclerostomy under a Partial Thickness Flap
Authors: Luntz M.H. , Fliegler R.D. , Mastrobattista J. 
Published: April 2018

Holmium laser sclerostomy is a useful surgical procedure in eyes with refractory glaucoma. The success rate is 60%, comparable to the success rate with a seton, but there is a significantly lower rate of complications compared to a seton. Furthermore, the conjunctiva is minimally dissected and less surgical trauma is involved with the procedure, an advantage compared to other filtering operations. The use of a corneascleral flap producing a “guarded” Holmium sclerostomy reduces the incidence of complications and there were no flat or shallow anterior chambers in the 47 eyes operated on and reviewed in this study.
Orbital Cyst of Lacrimal Sac Derivation
Authors: Hosal B.M. , Hurwitz J.J. , Howarth D.J. 
Published: April 2018

Orbital cyst from lacrimal sac epithelium is rare and thought to originate from diverticulum of the lacrimal sac. The cyst may have direct communication with the sac, or the two structures may be anatomically separate. Since these lesions most commonly present as a medial canthal mass, the differential diagnosis should include other disorders that may cause a mass in this region. A 42 year old woman presented with a two-year history of a mass in the right medial canthal region. Nasolacrimal system was patent on irrigation. Sophisticated radiological investigation utilizing dacryocystography and computed tomography combined with dacryocystography accurately localized the lesion and demonstrated its relationship to the nasolacrimal system. This tremendously facilitated surgical removal. The lesion was excised completely via anterior orbitotomy and submitted for histopathologic examination. Haematoxylin-eosin stains revealed a cystic cavity lined by pseudostratified columnar and cuboidal epithelium with interspersed goblet cells consistent with a cyst derived from lacrimal sac epithelium, located separately, but in close proximity to the lacrimal sac. The Authors present a patient with a mass in the righ medial canthal area histologically diagnosed as an orbital cyst of lacrimal sac epithelium derivation. Sophisticated radiological lacrimal investigation helps in detection, localization and in planning surgery.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin Ophthalmic Solutions
Authors: Adenis J.P. , Brasseur G. , Demailly PH. , Malet F. , Verin PH. , Saint-Blancat P. , Retout A. , Ollé P. , Colin J. 
Published: April 2018

The efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% and norfloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis were compared in a double masked randomised study. A total of 131 patients, 65 treated with ciprofloxacin (42 with conjunctivitis and 23 with blepharitis) and 66 treated with norfloxacin (39 with conjunctivitis and 27 with blepharitis) were enrolled in the study at five centres in France. In the efficacy population, pathogens were eradicated or reduced in 96% (24/25) of patients in the ciprofloxacin group and 89% (24/27) in the norfloxacin group. There was no difference between treatments with regard to eradication of particular pathogens. In the efficacy population, clinical cure or improvement was seen in 96% of the patients (24/25 in the ciprofloxacin group and 26/27 in the norfloxacin group). There were no significant differences between ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin with respect to improvements in four symptoms or ten clinical signs. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported and both ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were well tolerated.
Long-Term Results of Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Silicone Oil for Giant Tears
Authors: Karel I. , Michalickova M. , Soucek P. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose To evaluate the long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil implantation (SOI) for giant retinal tears (GT). Methods PPV with SOI was performed for GT in 50 eyes of 46 patients. Thirty-one eyes (62%) of 27 patients suffered from idiopathic GT. A direct injury of the eye preceded GT in 19 eyes (38%), a contusion in 14 and perforation of the sclera in five. The patients were followed up for 12 to 96 months, with a mean of 33 months. Results At the end of follow-up, anatomical success with a flat macula was achieved in 39 eyes (78%). Functional success with visual acuity 0.02 or better was obtained in 37 eyes (74%). The final functional results did not depend on the size of the GT, and were better in post-traumatic GT (success in 84%) than in idiopathic ones (success in 68%). The functional success rate by life table analysis decreased from 81% after one year and 79% after three years to 55% after five or more years. Silicone oil was removed from 22 eyes (44%). After removal, the retina redetached in seven eyes (30%), and the redetachment caused final failure in two (9%). Conclusions PPV with SOI proved highly effective in GT. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy was the main cause of surgical failure and a frequent obstacle to silicone oil removal. The risks of redetachment have to be evaluated especially carefully when dealing with the only eye.
Surgical Treatment of Penetrating Ocular Injuries with Retained Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Authors: Tomic Z. , Pavlovic S. , Latinovic S. 
Published: April 2018

A total of 40 cases of retained intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) presenting to the University Eye Clinic of Novi Sad between January 1988 and December 1994 were evaluated and surgically treated. The group most affected were males with a mean age of 33 years, who had been occupationally injured, presenting with either corneal or scleral single laceration. Thirty-seven injuries (92%) were due to metallic foreign bodies. Two eyes presented with initial clinical signs of endophthalmitis (5%). Five eyes (12.5%) were war-injuries, with tremendous destruction of all ocular structures. After an average of 12 months follow-up 70% of total eyes achieved postoperative good or useful vision, 50% of these with visual acuity 0.5 or better.
Hyperopic Shift after 4-8 Incision Radial Keratotomy: Eight-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Scorolli L. , Scorolli Lg. , Scalinci S.Z. , Savini G. , Meduri R. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the prevalence, amount and possible factors connected with the hyperopic shift after radial keratotomy. Basic procedures. We studied 86 eyes (51 patients) which underwent 4-8 incision radial keratotomy (delayed technique), consecutively performed by the same surgeon between February 1983 and November 1988. The diamond-bladed knife was set at 95% of the smallest paracentral ultrasonic corneal thickness measurement and the clear zone diameter was between 3.0 and 3.5 mm. Preoperative myopia ranged from -2.00 to -7.25 diopters (D). The average follow-up was 97.4 months (range 78 to 122 months). Main findings. After eight years of follow-up, the cycloplegic spherical equivalent was satisfactory: 66.2% of the eyes showed a refractive error within 0.5 D, 17.4% were myopic by more than 0.5 D and 16.2% were hyperopic by more than 0.5 D. The mean refractive error was 0.02 D (SD ± 0.75 D). Between six months and eight years after surgery a hyperopic shift of more than 0.5 D was found in 40.6% of the eyes. The mean hyperopic shift was higher (0.78 D) in the eyes which had keratometry less than 36 D six months after surgery. Compared to the eyes with keratometry greater than 36 D (mean hyperopic shift 0.38 D), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.02). Conclusions. These results show that keratometry, measured six months postoperatively, plays a fundamental role in the stability of postsurgical refraction, as the risk of hyperopic shift is higher in eyes with keratometry < 36 D.
Calculation of Intraocular Lens Power with the Srk Ii Formula for Axial High Myopia
Authors: Yalvaç I.S. , Nurözler A. , Ünlü N. , Çetinkaya F. , Kasim R. , Duman S. 
Published: April 2018

Aim. The SRK II formula has been widely used for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. The predictability of this formula is evaluated in axial myopic patients. Methods. Planned extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber IOL implantation (PECCE+IOL) were performed on 98 eyes of 98 patients with axial length > 24.5 mm. Cases had no preoperative complications and postoperative visual acuity was at least 0.5 (Snellen). Corneal refractive power and axial length were measured preoperatively and emmetropic IOL power calculations were made using the SRK II formula. Long-term (mean 4.7 months) visual acuities and refractions were noted postoperatively. Results. The absolute refractive error was < 1.00 Diopters (D) in 57 eyes (58.2%) and < 2.00 D in 83 eyes (84.7%). The mean absolute error of the SRK II formula in axial myopia was 1.16 D ± 0.78 SD. Conclusions. The SRK II formula is not very accurate in axial myopic patients.
A Retrospective Study of Ocular Side Effects in Children Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: De Marco R. , Dassio D.A. , Vittone P. 
Published: April 2018

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is recognized as a successful treatment for malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases. Thanks to transplantation, the number of long-term survivors has risen and with the improved prognosis a problem of ocular side effects has arisen. We carried out a retrospective study to determine the incidence and etiopathogenesis of ocular complications in a series of young patients undergoing BMT. One hundred children (62 males and 38 females) with a mean age of 7.12 (±3.3) years at the time of BMT (autologous in 66 cases, allogenic in 34) were followed for a mean of 4.2 years (range 2–9). The conditioning regimens preceding BMT induced cytoreductive chemotherapy alone (47 cases) or associated with total body irradiation (TBI) (53 cases) in three or six fractions for a total dose of 10–12 Gy. We examined every child before BMT and subsequently every six months. We did not include patients with ocular complications due to the primary disease. Thirty-three children showed several complications after BMT: 17 had subcapsular posterior cataract in both eyes and eight had tear hyposecretion; one had dramatic fungal panuveitis, four had hemorrhagic complications and five optic disk edema. TBI was significantly associated with the development of subcapsular posterior cataract.
Influence of the “Fatigue Effect” on the Mean Deviation Measurement in Perimetry
Authors: De La Rosa M. Gonzalez , Pareja A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To quantify the influence of the reduction of the threshold during perimetric study on the mean deviation (MD). Methods. One hundred-57 eyes of 94 patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma and 123 eyes of 62 normal patients were explored using the Humphrey perimeter with a Delphi program specially modified to make 12 consecutive measurements of the MD. Results. Hypertension and glaucoma population: during the test, which lasted 13.88 ± 1.25 minutes, the estimated MD showed a tendency to decrease by 2.9 dB on average from the beginning to the end of the exploration. This diminution was more important in patients with deeper defects, in whom the average was near 6 dB (Normal population: 13.26 ± 2.91 minutes; mean decrease 2.22 dB). It was found that, in fact, this reduction is related to age (p<0.01) and not to the level of the glaucomatous defect. Conclusions. Age, through a “fatigue effect”, influences the measured depth of the glaucomatous defect. Since in a conventional exploration the thresholds of the points are obtained from the whole test, we can estimate that the “fatigue effect” influences the MD to the extent of approximately half (1.45-1.11 dB), with respect to the numbers indicated above.
Clinical Evaluation of the Effect of Mitomycin-C in Re-Operation for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Andreanos D. , Georgopoulos G.T. , Vergados J. , Papaconstantinou D. , Liokis N. , Theodossiadis P. 
Published: April 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) in a second antiglaucoma operation after failure of the first operation. We assessed 46 patients (26 male, 20 female, mean age 64.2 years) with high intraocular pressure (IOP) (mean 32.4 ± 5.2 mmHg) despite previous trabeculectomy (Tr-Ec) one to three years earlier and topical or systemic medical treatment. All patients underwent a second Tr-Ec and were randomly divided into two groups: group A, 24 patients, underwent a second Tr-Ec with MMC and group B, 22 patients, also underwent a second Tr-Ec but without MMC. Postoperative complications included: shallow anterior chamber (duration >1 week), group A 29.2%, group B 13.6%; chroidal effusion, group A 8.3%, group B 0%; cystic degeneration of conjunctiva, group A 16.6%, group B 4.5%; transient maculopathy, group A 12.5%, group B 0%. IOP control (≤ 20 mmHg after 18 months) was: group A 20 patients (83.3%) with mean 12.5 ± 3.2 mmHg and group B 13 patients (63.6%) with mean 19.6 ± 6.1 mmHg. In conclusion, the use of MMC in re-operation for primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with a higher rate of and more severe postoperative complications than Tr-Ec alone. However, it achieves significantly lower IOP in a larger number of patients.
Cranial Nerve II–VII Injuries in Fatal Closed Head Trauma
Authors: Mariak Zo. , Mariak Ze. , Stankiewicz A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To study the distribution and mechanism of traumatic injuries to the nerves supplying the eye and muscles protecting the visual apparatus. Methods. Brain autopsy was carried out in 12 consecutive patients who died within three days after closed head injury. A segment of the brainstem with the entire intracranial portion of nerves II – VII was dissected out in each case and fixed in formalin. The specimens were stripped of the leptomeninges and inspected thoroughly under magnification. Results. Injuries to the nerves were seen in nine subjects. The oculomotor nerve was completely torn off from the midbrain unilaterally in three and bilaterally in two cases. In one patient only a portion of the superficial fibres on the medial aspect of the nerve was ripped out from the brainstem. In two patients the fourth nerve was ruptured. The root of the fifth cranial nerve was contused and the fibres between the brainstem and Gasserian ganglion crushed and separated in one case. Bilateral avulsion of the root of the sixth nerve from the brainstem was found in two cases. The initial segment of the facial nerve was crushed in two subjects. No visible injury to the optic nerves was found. Conclusions. Cranial nerves related to the visual system are subject to serious injury in a large proportion of cases of severe head trauma resulting from automobile accidents. In the majority of cases damage results from ripping the roots of these nerves out of the brainstem.
Vitreous Management in Massive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
Authors: Quiroz-Mercado H. , Garza-Karren C.D. , Roigmelo E.A. , Jimenez-Sierra J.M. , Dalma-Weiszhausz J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To establish whether total vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid removal and choroidal hemorrhage drainage posterior sclerotomies improved the outcome of eyes with massive postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage (kissing choroidals). Methods. We reviewed the medical records of five patients with massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage (MSCH) who had received the same medical and surgical management. Results. Three eyes had MSCH secondary to surgery of the anterior segment and two after ocular trauma. All had hemorrhagic choroidal detachment with retinal apposition, producing vitreous changes and adherence of the “kissing” retina. Surgery was delayed one to three weeks to allow liquefaction of the blood clot. All eyes had complete ocular evaluation including ultrasound, and were treated with steroids before surgical treatment. The procedure consisted of anterior chamber fluid infusion, posterior drainage sclerotomies, and primary total pars plana vitrectomy with posterior hyaloid removal. Mean follow-up was 9.4 months. Visual acuity after surgery improved in all eyes from light perception to 20/60. One patient without light perception improved to 20/200. Conclusions. Total vitrectomy may be indicated in selected cases with MSCH. The successful outcome of these patients comes from the combination of vitrectomy and external drainage.
A Comparison of two Ophthalmic Steroid-Antibiotic Combinations after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Van Endt J.J. , Veraart H.G.N. , Kramer R. , Janssen A.G.W. , Raj P. Sunder 
Published: April 2018

We performed this prospective, randomised, investigator-masked, parallelgroup study to compare Fluorometholone-Gentamicin eye drops with Maxitrol® (dexamethasone, neomycin, polymyxin B) eye drops in the reduction of ocular bacterial flora and control of ocular inflammation after cataract surgery. One hundred and twelve (FML-Genta 54, Maxitrol® 58) patients of both sexes undergoing cataract and posterior chamber lens implant surgery for visually disabling cataract were enrolled in the study and examined preoperatively and post-operatively on days 1, 6–8 and 24–34. The baseline parameters were similar in the two study groups. The conjunctival bacterial colony count on day 6–8 post-operatively was significantly less on FML-Genta compared with Maxitrol® (p = 0.033). There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments in the degree of intra-ocular inflammation as assessed by flare and cells in the anterior chamber. Both treatments were judged to be equal in the global assessment of the success of therapy and local tolerance by the study patients and doctors. Fluorometholone-gentamicin eye drops were more effective than Maxitrol® eye drops in the reduction of ocular bacterial flora while being as well-tolerated and as effective as Maxitrol® in the control of ocular inflammation after cataract surgery.
Boxing and the Eyes: Morphological Aspects of the Ocular System in Boxers
Authors: Vadalà G. , Mollo M. , Roberto S. , Fea A. 
Published: April 2018

Among all sports, the so-called “contact sports” are those in which the athlete's eye is particularly at risk. In boxing, where the face is the main target, the eye is clearly one of the most exposed parts. To assess the eye risks in this sport a study was carried out between 1992 and 1994 at the Ophthalmological Clinic of the university of Turin, Italy, involving 75 active and ex-boxers (amateurs and professionals) aged 15 to 70 years. Biomicroscopic examinations, refraction and acuity tests, tonometry, exophthalmometry, gonioscopy, ocular fundus examination with Goldmann three-mirror lens) were done. The results of the survey confirm the existence of alterations, generally asymptomatic, both in amateur and professional boxers. The eye examination showed alterations of structures such as the orbital arch, conjunctiva, iris, lens, retina. Four boxers had retinal detachment, three of them due to boxing. The ophthalmologist has an important part to play in preventing serious damage to the eye and in checking alterations which might be an expression of subtle neural damage (pupillary alterations).
Is Tear Calcium An Indicator of Ocular Calcification in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure?
Authors: Oto S. , Aydin P. , Haberal A. , Dursun D. , Yilmaz A. 
Published: April 2018

Background. In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on regular dialysis treatment, limboconjunctival degeneration and calcifications are common. The mechanisms of ectopic conjunctival and corneal calcification remain largely speculative. The aim of the present work was to study tear calcium levels in patients with chronic renal failure, which could alter calcium excretion patterns, and to examine whether the calcium level in tear fluid is of more diagnostic importance than static calcium levels in blood. Methods. Tear calcium levels were measured in 25 patients with chronic renal failure, compared with 14 normal subjects. Conjunctival and corneal calcium deposits were graded by the Porter and Crombie classification. Results. While 11 of the 25 patients had no clinically apparent calcium deposits, six had Grade 1 or 2, and eight had Grade 3 and over limboconjunctival calcification. Mean tear calcium levels were 1.436±0.165 mg/dl in the patients and 1.307±0.155 mg/dl in the normal group. The difference was not significant (P=0.572). No correlation was found between the grade of the calcium deposits and tear calcium levels. Conclusions. Tear calcium level has no diagnostic importance for the development of ocular calcification in chronic renal failure.