bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Insertion Reactions of GeCl2 with Mono‐ and Bis‐κ2‐N,S‐Chelated Ru(II) Complexes
Authors: Ahmad Asif , Assanar Faneesha , Gupta Urvashi , Shukla Pratima , Nagendran Selvarajan , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe dual‐site insertion of GeCl2 into bis‐1,3‐N,S‐chelated ruthenium complexes, [(PPh3)2Ru{κ2‐N,S‐(L)2}], (cis‐1 L1 and cis‐1 L2; L=NC5H4S (L1); L=NC7H4S2 (L2)) has been investigated by using the electron‐rich behavior of these ruthenium systems. The treatment of cis‐1 L1 and cis‐1 L2 with GeCl2.dioxane led to the isolation of dual‐site GeCl2 inserted [(PPh3)2Ru{κ2‐Ge,S‐(GeCl2L)2}], (cis‐2 L1 and cis‐2 L2) and mono‐site GeCl2 inserted product [(PPh3)2{κ2‐Ge,S‐(GeCl2L)}Ru(κ2‐N,S‐L)], (trans‐3 L1 and trans‐3 L2). The cis‐2 L1 and cis‐2 L2 have two fused 5‐membered (RuGeNCS) rings, while the trans‐3 L1 and trans‐3 L2 have one 5‐membered (RuGeNCS) and one 4‐membered (RuNCS) ring. The molecular structure of cis‐2 L1 shows that both the germanium centers have distorted tetrahedral geometry. Similarly, treatment of mono‐1,3‐N,S‐chelated ruthenium complex, [{κ2‐N,S‐(NS2C7H4)}Ru{κ3‐H,S,S‐H2B(NC7H4S2)2}PPh3], trans‐4 with GeCl2.dioxane yielded Ge‐inserted complex, [{κ2‐Ge,S‐(GeCl2NS2C7H4)}Ru{κ3‐H,S,S‐H2B (NC7H4S2)2}], (trans‐5). Further, to study the possibility of inserting GeCl2 into the Ge(II)−S bond, we have made mercapto ligand functionalized germylenes, [{(iBu)2ATI}Ge (NC5H4S)] (6 L1) and [{(iBu)2ATI}Ge(NC7H4S2)] (6 L2).
The Matrix‐Free Macro‐Element Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Steady and Unsteady Compressible Flows
Authors: Badrkhani Vahid , ten Eikelder Marco F. P. , Hiemstra René R. , Schillinger Dominik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe macro‐element variant of the hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method combines advantages of continuous and discontinuous finite element discretization. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the macro‐element HDG method for the analysis of compressible flow problems at moderate Reynolds numbers. To efficiently handle the corresponding large systems of equations, we explore several strategies at the solver level. On the one hand, we utilize a second‐layer static condensation approach that reduces the size of the local system matrix in each macro‐element and hence the factorization time of the local solver. On the other hand, we employ a multi‐level preconditioner based on the FGMRES solver for the global system that integrates well within a matrix‐free implementation. In addition, we integrate a standard diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta scheme for time integration. We test the matrix‐free macro‐element HDG method for compressible flow benchmarks, including Couette flow, flow past a sphere, and the Taylor–Green vortex. Our results show that unlike standard HDG, the macro‐element HDG method can operate efficiently for moderate polynomial degrees, as the local computational load can be flexibly increased via mesh refinement within a macro‐element. Our results also show that due to the balance of local and global operations, the reduction in degrees of freedom, and the reduction of the global problem size and the number of iterations for its solution, the macro‐element HDG method can be a competitive option for the analysis of compressible flow problems.
Evaluation of Safety and Probiotic Properties of Weissella spp. in Fermented Vegetables From Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
Authors: Liu Chen , An Chao , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Yao , Zhang Qiwen , Ding Hao , Ma Saijian , Xue Wenjiao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe genus Weissella, commonly found in fermented foods, is a significant group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential probiotic properties. Several Weissella strains have been proposed as probiotics due to their biotechnological capabilities. However, a few strains may exhibit opportunistic pathogenic behavior, which restricts the widespread use of all Weissella strains in food applications. This study sought to expand our understanding of the biotechnological capabilities of Weissella spp. by examining the safety and functional characteristics of strains isolated from spontaneous fermentation. In this investigation, nine Weissella strains were evaluated for their safety and probiotic potential. The safety assessment revealed that the antibiotic resistance profiles of strains 16‐2, 38‐3, 69‐3, 91‐3, 91‐5, 104‐4, and 106‐5 were comparable or superior to the reference strain LGG. Hemolytic activity and ammonia production were also evaluated, but no positive results were observed. Further probiotic experiments demonstrated that strain 91‐5 exhibited superior performance in several areas, including survival rates in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, cell surface properties (hydrophobicity and adhesion to Caco‐2 cells), ABTS+ scavenging ability, antimicrobial activity, and cholesterol assimilation in vitro. Additionally, strain 104‐4 produced an exopolysaccharide (EPS) yield of 35.11 g/L after 48 h of culture in MRS‐sucrose (60 g/L) medium, surpassing most previously reported values. These findings suggest that strains 91‐5 and 104‐4 show promise as potential probiotic candidates for the development of new functional food supplements. Furthermore, this research expands the theoretical basis for considering Weissella strains as novel probiotics.
Sparsity of Population Activity in the Hippocampus Is Task‐Invariant Across the Trisynaptic Circuit and Dorsoventral Axis
Authors: Lee J. Quinn , Nielsen Matt , McHugh Rebecca , Morgan Erik , Hong Nancy S. , Sutherland Robert J. , McDonald Robert J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEvidence from neurophysiological and genetic studies demonstrates that activity sparsity—the proportion of neurons that are active at a given time in a population—systematically varies across the canonical trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampus. Recent work has also shown that sparsity varies across the hippocampal dorsoventral (long) axis, wherein activity is sparser in ventral than dorsal regions. While the hippocampus has a critical role in long‐term memory (LTM), whether sparsity across the trisynaptic circuit and hippocampal long axis is task‐dependent or invariant remains unknown. Importantly, representational sparsity has significant implications for neural computation and theoretical models of learning and memory within and beyond the hippocampus. Here we used functional molecular imaging to quantify sparsity in the rat hippocampus during performance of the Morris water task (MWT) and contextual fear discrimination (CFD) – two popular and distinct assays of LTM. We found that activity sparsity is highly reliable across memory tasks, wherein activity increases sequentially across the trisynaptic circuit (DG < CA3 < CA1) and decreases across the long axis (ventral<dorsal). These results have important implications for models of hippocampal function and suggest that activity sparsity is a preserved property in the hippocampal system across cognitive settings.
Maternal genetic risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mladenić Tea , Barišić Anita , Pereza Nina , Ostojić Saša , Peterlin Borut , Dević Pavlić Sanja 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite various genomic approaches used in prior studies investigating the association of maternal genetic variability with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), results show inconsistency and contradictions.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of studies analyzing the association between maternal genetic variants and sPTB, evaluate retrieved studies based on selection criteria, classify studies into hypothesis‐based and hypothesis‐free, and perform a meta‐analysis to identify the strongest associations.Search strategyPubMed, Scopus, and reference lists were searched until October 2024.Selection criteriaEnglish‐language, case–control, cross‐sectional, and prospective cohort studies examining the association between maternal genetic variations and sPTB were included.Data collection and analysisData on authors, publication year, ethnicity, genes/variants, P values, study type, sample size, inclusion criteria, and methods were collected. The association strength was estimated using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsEighty‐one studies met eligibility criteria: 73 utilized a hypothesis‐based and 14 a hypothesis‐free approach. Thirty‐five studies qualified for a meta‐analysis, revealing a significant association in tumor necrosis factor α (rs1800629) gene for alleles and additive and recessive genetic models (P ≤ 0.05). From the hypothesis‐free approach, 13 genes reached global significance in association with sPTB (P < 5 × 10−8).ConclusionsNo single gene or variant was consistently associated with sPTB risk among studies. Hypothesis‐based analyses highlighted tumor necrosis factor α (rs1800629) as a modest signal, while hypothesis‐free approaches identified 13 genes with genome‐wide significance, pointing to new research directions in understanding sPTB genetics.
NBI With Optical Magnification Shows Good Interobserver Agreement in Diagnosing H. Pylori Gastritis
Authors: Kumar Vijosh V. , Sabu K. G. , Javed P. , Vivek Kumar K. V. , Ansari Jaseem , Rangan Kavitha , Parveen Adila A. K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study the interobserver agreement for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori gastritis using narrow band imaging (NBI) with magnification.MethodsThis prospective study recruited patients who underwent gastroscopy for dyspepsia in the Department of Gastroenterology, Aster MIMS Hospital, Kannur.361 patients were included in the study. The gastroscopy was performed using high‐definition white light endoscopy (WLE) and NBI with magnification. Histopathology and rapid urease test were used to detect HP infection. Endoscopy videos were analyzed by three trained endoscopists who were blinded to each other. NBI patterns were classified into four types (Types 1, 2A, 2B, and 3). Interobserver variability was examined using Kappa Statistics.Results164 of 361 patients had HP infection (45.42%). Of 361 people, 199 had Type 1 (55.12%), 54 Type 2a (14.95%), 65 Type 2b (18%), and 43 Type 3 cases (11.91%). There was good interobserver agreement with a kappa value of 0.730 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.693–0.768). 87% of HP‐negative patients had Type 1 NBI pattern. 79.5% of type 2A and 89.2% of Type 2b pattern were HP positive. The Type 1 pattern identified normal gastric mucosa with 84.75% sensitivity, 88.32% specificity and 87.4% negative predictive value. Type 2 and Type 3 NBI patterns had high positive predictive value and specificity for HP infection.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates excellent interobserver agreement among experienced endoscopists in using NBI to identify gastric mucosal patterns associated with HP infection. While biopsies remain essential for comprehensive evaluation of gastric pathologies, our findings suggest that NBI, with appropriate training and validation, may have the potential to reduce the need for biopsies in specific cases where the primary concern is HP infection. The good level of interobserver agreement seen in our study is encouraging and suggests that NBI has the potential to be a reliable tool for diagnosing HP infection.
Genetic Mutations in Cell Junction Proteins Associated with Brain Calcification
Authors: Yang Dehao , Jiang Zihan , Huang Honghao , Wang Lebo , Ying Chenxin , Chen Yiqun , Lu Yangguang , Zhang Tingxuan , Zhu Yusheng , Wang Shiyue , Wang Yaoting , Guo Yuru , Wang Haoyu , Cen Zhidong , Luo Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntracerebral calcium deposition, classified into primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) and secondary brain calcification, occurs within the brain parenchyma and vasculature. PFBC manifests with progressive motor decline, dysarthria, and cognitive impairment, with limited treatment options available. Recent research has suggested a link between dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and PFBC, with certain genetic variants potentially affecting neurovascular unit (NVU) function, thereby contributing to BBB integrity disruption and brain calcification. Cell junctions play an indispensable role in maintaining the function of NVUs. The pathogenic mechanisms of PFBC‐causative genes, such as PDGFRB, PDGFB, MYORG, and JAM2, involve NVU disruption. Cell junctions, such as tight junctions, gap junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and focal adhesions, are vital for cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix connections, maintaining barrier function, cell adhesion, and facilitating ion and metabolite exchange. Several recent studies have highlighted the role of mutations in genes encoding cell junction proteins in the onset and progression of brain calcification and its related phenotypes. This emerging body of research offers a unique perspective for investigating the underlying mechanisms driving brain calcification. In this review, we conducted an examination of the literature reporting on genetic variants in cell junction proteins associated with brain calcification to delineate potential molecular pathways and investigate genotype–phenotype correlations. This approach not only reinforces the rationale for molecular subtyping of brain calcification but also lays the groundwork for the discovery of novel causative genes involved in pathogenesis. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Comprehensive Targeted and Quantitative Profiling of the Human Milk Metabolome: Impact of Delivery Mode, Breastfeeding Practices, and Maternal Diet
Authors: Calvo‐Lerma Joaquim , Cabrera‐Rubio Raúl , Lerin Carles , González Sonia , Selma‐Royo Marta , Martínez‐Costa Cecilia , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Collado Maria Carmen 
Published: December 2024

ScopeHuman milk (HM) is rich in bioactive compounds and essential nutrients. While research has focused on lipids, minerals, immune markers, microbiota, and oligosaccharides, specific metabolites are less studied. This study uses targeted metabolomics to identify and quantify metabolites in HM and explores the impact of perinatal and dietary factors on the metabolomic profile.Methods and resultsIn a cross‐sectional study of 123 healthy lactating women, HM samples were collected up to 1 month postpartum and analyzed using the Biocrates MxP Quant 500 kit. Maternal and neonatal clinical, anthropometric, and nutritional data were collected. A total of 432 metabolites were quantified and categorized into 20 groups. The metabolomic profiles formed three distinct clusters, primarily driven by triglyceride concentration differences. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were higher in HM from mothers with vaginal delivery compared to C‐section births and differences in hexoses were found between exclusive and mixed‐feeding practices. Maternal diets rich in lipids and animal proteins were associated with elevated amino acids, sphingolipids, and glycosyl‐ceramides.ConclusionThe HM metabolome was grouped into three clusters influenced by delivery mode, lactation practices, and maternal diet. This comprehensive analysis opens new avenues to explore HM composition and offers valuable insights for future dietary interventions aimed at modulating HM.
An attention mechanism‐based lightweight UNet for musculoskeletal ultrasound image segmentation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yu Xilong , Hu Qing , Zhang Xianlei , Yang Yixin , Xiao Han 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurate musculoseletal ultrasound (MSKUS) image segmentation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Compared with traditional segmentation methods, deploying deep learning segmentation methods that balance segmentation efficiency, accuracy, and model size on edge devices has greater advantages.PurposeThis paper aims to design a MSKUS image segmentation method that has fewer parameters, lower computation complexity and higher segmentation accuracy.MethodsIn this study, an attention mechanism‐based lightweight UNet (AML‐UNet) is designed to segment target muscle regions in MSKUS images. To suppress the transmission of redundant feature, Channel Reconstruction and Spatial Attention Module is designed in the encoding path. In addition, considering the inherent characteristic of MSKUS image, Multiscale Aggregation Module is developed to replace the skip connection architecture of U‐Net. Deep supervision is also introduced to the decoding path to refine predicted masks gradually. Our method is evaluated on two MSKUS 2D‐image segmentation datasets, including 3917 MSKUS and 1534 images respectively. In the experiments, a five‐fold cross‐validation method is adopted in ablation experiments and comparison experiments. In addition, Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test and Bonferroni correction are employed to validate the significance level. 0.01 was used as the statistical significance level in our paper.ResultsAML‐UNet yielded a mIoU of 84.17% and 90.14% on two datasets, representing a 3.38% () and 3.48% () over the Unext model. The number of parameters and FLOPs are only 0.21M and 0.96G, which are 1/34 and 1/29 of those in comparison with UNet.ConclusionsOur proposed model achieved superior results with fewer parameters while maintaining segmentation efficiency and accuracy compared to other methods.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Zwischen Keramik und Metall
Authors: Birkel Christina , Kubitza Niels 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMetalle sind typischerweise weniger temperatur‐ und oxidationsbeständig als Keramiken. Aber sie leiten Strom und Wärme besser. Eine Substanzklasse vereint die Charakteristika beider Materialklassen: Carbid‐ und Nitrid‐Schichtverbindungen aus der Familie der MAX‐Phasen.
Gepriesen, gefürchtet, umstritten
Authors: Hübner Karl 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIm Jahr 1974 wurde Roundup zugelassen. Zeit, an den 50. Geburtstag des ersten Glyphosat‐Produkts zu erinnern. Angesichts zunehmender Kritik hielt sich die Feierlaune allerdings in Grenzen.
Einzelstoffe oder Gruppen regulieren
Authors: Magerkurth Clemens , Rühl Reinhold 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOb es gerechtfertigt ist, Per‐ und Polyfluoralkylsubstanzen (PFAS) in der EU als gesamte Stoffgruppe zu verbieten, diskutieren Wirtschaft, Politik und Wissenschaft. Das Beispiel der Oxime zeigt, welche Folgen es hat, wenn Einzelstoffe anstelle einer gesamten Stoffgruppe bewertet und in der Nutzung beschränkt werden.
Exponential Stability and H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ Controller Design for 2‐D Discrete‐State Systems in Roesser Model With Directional Delays
Authors: Vu Le Huy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study looks at the problems related to exponential stability and controller design for a specific class of two‐dimensional discrete‐state systems (2‐D‐DSS) with directional constant delays (DCDs) in the Roesser model. Initially, by applying the two‐dimensional (2‐D) Lyapunov–Kravoskii functional approach, a condition is formulated as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) to ensure that the system remains exponentially stable while achieving an performance level of . Following this, a approach for designing a state feedback controller (SFB‐) is presented as a practical application of the derived results. Finally, several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Premature Infants Show Consistently Good Lung Compliance During Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Reiss Annalena , Lauth Wanda , Wald Martin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMany extremely small preterm infants need to be intubated and mechanically ventilated during their intensive care stay. Animal studies indicate that lung compliance can deteriorate rapidly under conventional ventilation. This study investigated whether this presumed deterioration in compliance actually occurs in extremely small preterm infants.MethodsData from 56 conventionally ventilated preterm infants born from 2016 to 2022 at 25.22 weeks' gestation (±1.47) and 678.71 g (±138.14) birth weight were retrospectively analysed. This study investigated how dynamic compliance changed over the course of ventilation.ResultsThe infants were conventionally ventilated from 7.25 days of life (±5.59) for 2.68 days (±2.35). Compliance at the beginning was 0.37 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.17), after 1 h 0.38 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.16), after 3 h 0.40 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.20), after 6 h 0.44 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.23), after 24 h 0.46 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.17) and after 48 h 0.43 mL/cmH2O/kg (±0.13). The increase in compliance compared to baseline was statistically significant after 12 (p = 0.016) and 24 h (p = 0.042). Ventilation was performed with a PEEP of 7.51 cmH2O (±1.16) and a peak pressure of 20.64 cmH2O (±2.73). All received surfactant after birth and 21 (37.5%) also at the start of conventional ventilation.ConclusionDuring conventional ventilation in premature infants after administration of surfactant and with basically recruited lungs, no deterioration in compliance was observed either in the short or long term. The PEEP of almost 7.5 cmH2O used may have contributed to the fact that the deterioration described in the animal model did not occur in the preterm infants.
Linaclotide Use for the Treatment of Constipation and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in People With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kormelink Lauren N. , Jacobs HollyAnn R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease characterized by thick, sticky mucus which causes lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and many other manifestations. Constipation is a common complication in CF and few advances in treatment have been made until recent years. Linaclotide is a treatment approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. This case series investigates the potential for use of this agent in adult people with CF (pwCF).MethodsA retrospective case series of 39 pwCF who are currently or previously prescribed linaclotide was completed at two adult Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) Accredited Care Centers. All patients 18 years and older were included with no exclusions. We reported results using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 39 patients were identified for inclusion. The daily starting dose of linaclotide did vary with 18%, 72%, and 10% started on 72 mcg, 145 mcg, and 290 mcg respectively. Most patients (n = 30, 77%) reported experiencing no side effects. Of the total patients, 15% (n = 6) reported the medicine was not effective and 10% (n = 4) had to stop therapy due to adverse reactions. More than half of patients started on therapy were able to reduce baseline treatments for constipation.ConclusionWhile this case series shows compelling data that may indicate benefit and tolerability of linaclotide use in pw CF, more research is needed to fully evaluate safety and efficacy of linaclotide for treating constipation in pwCF.
Reliability Assessment for Dual Constant‐Stress Accelerated Life Test Based on Weibull Distribution With Type‐II Censoring
Authors: Feng Xuefeng , Tang Jiayin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAccelerated life test (ALT) is a generally feasible and effective approach for evaluating the reliability of highly reliable products at normal operating conditions. This paper considers the reliability assessment for a dual constant‐stress ALT with Type‐II censoring for the Weibull distribution with constant shape parameter and a log‐linear link between the scale parameter and the stress factors. We derive the maximum likelihood estimates, weighted least squares estimates using a certain random variable transformation, and a combined maximum likelihood‐least squares estimates for the unknown parameters. In addition, we construct confidence intervals for the parameters of interest using both asymptotic theory and parametric bootstrap technique. Finally, simulation studies and an illustrative example are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods.