bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective whole-genome sequencing analysis distinguished PFGE and drug resistance matched retail meat and clinical Salmonella isolates
Authors: Keefer Andrea B. , Xiaoli Lingzi , M’ikanatha Nkuchia M. , Yao Kuan , Hoffmann Maria , Dudley Edward G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNon-typhoidal Salmonella are a leading cause of outbreak and sporadic-associated foodborne illnesses in the U.S. These infections have been associated with a range of foods, including retail meats. Traditionally, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) have been used to facilitate public health investigations of Salmonella infections. However, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as an alternative tool that can be routinely implemented. To assess its potential in enhancing integrated surveillance in Pennsylvania, WGS was used to directly compare the genetic characteristics of 7 retail meat and 43 clinical historic Salmonella isolates, subdivided into three subsets based on PFGE and AST results, to retrospectively resolve their genetic relatedness and identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses revealed the retail meat isolates within S. Heidelberg, S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 1, and S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 2 were separated from each primary PFGE pattern-matched clinical isolate by 6-12, 41-96, and 21-81 SNPs, respectively. Fifteen resistance genes were identified across all isolates, including fosA7, a gene only recently found in a limited number of Salmonella and a ≥ 95% phenotype to genotype correlation was observed for all tested antimicrobials. Moreover, AMR was primarily plasmid-mediated in S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 2; whereas, AMR was chromosomally-carried in S. Typhimurium var. O5- subset 1. Similar plasmids were identified in both the retail meat and clinical isolates. Collectively, these data highlight the utility of WGS in retrospective analyses and enhancing integrated surveillance of Salmonella from multiple sources.
Household cockroaches carry CTX-M-15, OXA-48 and NDM-1, and share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans
Authors: Obeng-Nkrumah Noah , Labi Appiah-Korang , Blankson Harriet , Awuah-Mensah Georgina , Oduro-Mensah Daniel , Anum Judelove , Teye James , Kwashie Solomon Dzidzornu , Bako Evariste , Ayeh-Kumi Patrick Ferdinand , Asmah Richard 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAimHousehold insect pests, including cockroaches, have gained consideration as potential vectors for multidrug resistant pathogens of public health concern. This study was designed to investigate whether household cockroaches share beta-lactam resistance determinants with human inhabitants.MethodsFrom February through July 2016, 400 cockroaches were systematically collected from 100 households. Whole insect homogenates and faecal samples from inhabitants of all included households were cultured for cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (CRe). The CRe were examined for AmpC, ESBL, and carbapenemase genes; antibiotic susceptibility patterns; and conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal relationships between isolates were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).ResultsTwenty CRe were recovered from whole cockroach homogenates of 15 households. Five harbored ESBL genes (2 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1; 1 blaCTX-M-15/TEM-4; 1 blaTEM-24; 1 blaSHV-4), and 3 carried carbapenemase genes (2 blaNDM-1 genes and 1 blaOXA-48 gene) all of which were transferrable by conjugation to E. coli J53 recipients. There was high clonal diversity with low inter-species similarity regardless of the beta-lactamase gene sequence. From 6 households, the pair of cockroach and human CRe shared the same antibiogram, ST and/or conjugable blaESBL gene sequence (house 34, E. coli ST9-blaTEM-4; house 37, E. coli ST44-blaCTX-15/TEM-4; house 41, E. coli ST443-blaCTX-15/TEM-1; house 49, K. pneumoniae ST231-blaSHV-13).ConclusionThe findings highlight household cockroaches as reservoirs of CTX-M-15, OXA-48 and NDM-1 genes that share beta-lactam resistance determinants with humans.
Deletion of class II ARF causes essential tremors through Nav1.6 traffic impairment
Authors: Hosoi Nobutake , Shibasaki Koji , Hosono Mayu , Konno Ayumu , Shinoda Yo , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Inoue Kenichi , Aizawa Shinichi , Muramatsu Shinichi , Ishizaki Yasuki , Hirai Hirokazu , Furuichi Teiichi , Sadakata Tetsushi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are a family of small monomeric GTPases consisting of three classes. In the present study, we generated class II ARF-deficient mice (ARF4+/−/ARF5−/−) and found that they exhibited severe movement-associated tremors. Treatment of the mice with propranolol and gabapentin, which alleviate symptoms in patients with essential tremors, similarly reduced the amplitude of the pathologic tremors. In vivo electrophysiological recordings of the ARF4+/−/ARF5−/− mice revealed that they exhibited reduced excitability of their cerebellar Purkinje cells. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that ARF4+/−/ARF5−/− mice exhibit a severe, selective reduction of Nav1.6 proteins that are important for maintaining repetitive action potential firing in the axon initial segments (AISs) of the Purkinje cells. This decrease in Nav1.6 protein expression and the consequent tremors were alleviated by Purkinje cell-specific expression of ARF5. These results indicate that class II ARF mediates the selective trafficking of Nav1.6 to the AISs in cerebellar Purkinje cells, and suggest that the essential tremors can be ascribed to the reduced intrinsic excitability of Purkinje cells, caused by the selective decrease of Nav1.6 proteins in the AISs.
The proto CpG island methylator phenotype of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps
Authors: Parker Hannah R. , Orjuela Stephany , Oliveira Andreia Martinho , Cereatti Fabrizio , Sauter Matthias , Heinrich Henriette , Tanzi Giulia , Weber Achim , Komminoth Paul , Vavricka Stephan , Albanese Luca , Buffoli Federico , Robinson Mark D. , Marra Giancarlo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) are the putative precursors of the ˜20% of colon cancers with the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), but their molecular features are poorly understood. We used high-throughput analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression to investigate the epigenetic phenotype of SSA/Ps. Fresh-tissue samples of 17 SSA/Ps and (for comparison purposes) 15 conventional adenomas (cADNs)—each with a matched sample of normal mucosa— were prospectively collected during colonoscopy (total no. samples analyzed: 64). DNA and RNA were extracted from each sample. DNA was subjected to bisulfite next-generation sequencing to assess methylation levels at ˜2.7 million CpG sites located predominantly in gene regulatory regions and spanning 80.5Mb (˜2.5% of the genome); RNA was sequenced to define the samples’ transcriptomes. An independent series of 61 archival lesions was used for targeted verification of DNA methylation findings. Compared with normal mucosa samples, SSA/Ps and cADNs exhibited markedly remodeled methylomes. In cADNs, hypomethylated regions were far more numerous (18,417 vs 4288 in SSA/Ps) and rarely affected CpG islands/shores. SSA/Ps seemed to have escaped this wave of demethylation. Cytosine hypermethylation in SSA/Ps was more pervasive (hypermethylated regions: 22,147 vs 15,965 in cADNs; hypermethylated genes: 4938 vs 3443 in cADNs) and more extensive (region for region), and it occurred mainly within CpG islands and shores. Given its resemblance to the CIMP typical of SSA/Ps’ putative descendant colon cancers, we refer to the SSA/P methylation phenotype as proto-CIMP. Verification studies of six hypermethylated regions (3 SSA/P-specific and 3 common) demonstrated the high potential of DNA methylation markers for predicting the diagnosis of SSA/Ps and cADNs. Surprisingly, proto-CIMP in SSA/Ps was associated with upregulated gene expression (n=618 genes vs 349 that were downregulated); downregulation was more common in cADNs (n=712 vs 516 upregulated genes). The epigenetic landscape of SSA/Ps differs markedly from that of cADNs. These differences are a potentially rich source of novel tissue-based and noninvasive biomarkers that can add precision to the clinical management of the two most frequent colon-cancer precursors.
Electron microscopy 3-dimensional segmentation and quantification of axonal dispersion and diameter distribution in mouse brain corpus callosum
Authors: Lee Hong-Hsi , Yaros Katarina , Veraart Jelle , Pathan Jasmine , Liang Feng-Xia , Kim Sungheon G. , Novikov Dmitry S. , Fieremans Els 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo model the diffusion MRI signal in brain white matter, general assumptions have been made about the microstructural properties of axonal fiber bundles, such as the axonal shape and the fiber orientation dispersion. In particular, axons are modeled by perfectly circular cylinders with no diameter variation within each axon, and their directions obey a specific orientation distribution. However, these assumptions have not been validated by histology in 3-dimensional high-resolution neural tissue. Here, we reconstructed sequential scanning electron microscopy images in mouse brain corpus callosum, and introduced a semi-automatic random-walker (RaW) based algorithm to rapidly segment individual intra-axonal spaces and myelin sheaths of myelinated axons. Confirmed with a conventional machine-learning-based interactive segmentation method, our semi-automatic algorithm is reliable and less time-consuming. Based on the segmentation, we calculated histological estimates of size-related (e.g., inner axonal diameter, g-ratio) and orientation-related (e.g., Fiber orientation distribution and its rotational invariants, dispersion angle) quantities, and simulated how these quantities would be observed in actual diffusion MRI experiments by considering diffusion time-dependence. The reported dispersion angle is consistent with previous 2-dimensional histology studies and diffusion MRI measurements, though the reported diameter is larger than those in other mouse brain studies. Our results show that the orientation-related metrics have negligible diffusion time-dependence; however, inner axonal diameters demonstrate a non-trivial time-dependence at diffusion times typical for clinical and preclinical use. In other words, the fiber dispersion estimated by diffusion MRI modeling is relatively independent, while the "apparent" axonal size estimated by axonal diameter mapping potentially depends on experimental MRI settings.
RAMP1 in Kupffer cells is a critical regulator in immune-mediated hepatitis
Authors: Inoue Tomoyoshi , Ito Yoshiya , Nishizawa Nobuyuki , Eshima Koji , Kojo Ken , Otaka Fumisato , Betto Tomohiro , Yamane Sakiko , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Koizumi Wasaburo , Majima Masataka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe significanceF of the relationship between the nervous and immune systems with respect to disease course is increasingly apparent. Immune cells in the liver and spleen are responsible for the development of acute liver injury, yet the regulatory mechanisms of the interactions remain elusive. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is released from the sensory nervous system, regulates innate immune activation via receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a subunit of the CGRP receptor. Here, we show that RAMP1 in Kupffer cells (KCs) plays a critical role in the etiology of immune-mediated hepatitis. RAMP1-deficient mice with concanavalin A (ConA)-mediated hepatitis, characterized by severe liver injury accompanied by infiltration of immune cells and increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by KCs and splenic T cells, showed poor survival. Removing KCs ameliorated liver damage, while depleting T cells or splenectomy led to partial amelioration. Adoptive transfer of splenic T cells from RAMP1-deficient mice led to a modest increase in liver injury. Co-culture of KCs with splenic T cells led to increased cytokine expression by both cells in a RAMP1-dependent manner. Thus, immune-mediated hepatitis develops via crosstalk between immune cells. RAMP1 in KCs is a key regulator of immune responses.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in Malnourished Children seen at Lagos
Authors: Temiye EO , Adeniyi OF , Fajolu IB , Ogbenna AA , Ladapo TA , Esezobor CI , Akinsulie AO , Mabogunje CA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus and protein energy malnutrition are still prevalent in Nigeria and the occurrence of the two conditions together confers a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the current categories of malnutrition amongst under 5 children in Lagos, document their HIV status and determine any peculiarities in the clinical features, haematological and some biochemical profile in these children.MethodsThe study was a prospective crossectional study conducted at the Paediatric department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and the Massey Street Children’s Hospital over a 6 month period. All the subjects had anthropometry, HIV testing, full blood count and serum proteins done. The factors associated with HIV status were determined with the logistic regression analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and fourteen (214) malnourished children ≤5 years were recruited into the study and 25(11.7%) were HIV positive. One hundred and five (49.1%) of the participants had moderate malnutrition while 25.2% had severe forms of malnutrition. Fever, cough and diarrhea were the commonest symptoms. Severe wasting, oral thrush, dermatoses and splenomegaly were seen more commonly in the HIV positive subjects. The haematological indices were comparable in the two groups, however, the total protein was significantly higher in the HIV positive subjects compared to the negative group (p=0.042). Multivariate analysis showed that the total protein (p=0.001) and platelet count (p=0.016) could significantly predict the occurrence of HIV in the malnourished childrenConclusionThe presence of severe wasting, oral thrush, diarrhea, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and high total proteins in malnourished children should heighten the suspicion of possible underlying associated HIV infection. This study reinforces the recommendation by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that all malnourished children should have mandatory HIV screening.
Born globals and business incubators: a case analysis
Authors: Kuryan Nadzeya , Khan Mohammad Saud , Gustafsson Veronika 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze born globals and business incubators from an empirical standpoint. Particularly, the role of business incubators in the emergence and development of born global firms is focused, thereby outlining the significance of incubator influence on rapid internationalization.Design/methodology/approachBased on extant literature on born globals, business incubators and their interrelationship that nurtures internationalization, a theoretical model is developed and empirically tested to analyze potential born globals residing in business incubators.FindingsDue to services provided, such as infrastructure, business support and networking, business incubators create a favorable environment for rapid internationalization of their tenants. However, the initiative to go international comes from the incubatees, and the motivating role of business incubators in this process is fairly insignificant.Originality/valueThe incubator-incubation phenomenon is notably under-researched, with most of the literature focusing on “incubator topics.” This relationship is extremely important to understand to choose appropriate political measures and orchestrate effective management of business incubators.
Coupling effects of the impact factors in micro-scale on the performance of aerostatic guideway
Authors: Chen Dongju , Dong Lihua , Pan Ri , Fan Jinwei , Cheng Qiang 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the coupling effects of the velocity slip, rarefaction effect and effective viscosity of the gas film on the performance of the aerostatic guideway in micro-scale and improve the analysis precision of the static performance of aerostatic guideway.

Design/methodology/approach
The corresponding model of the gas film flow with consideration of the velocity slip, rarefaction effect and effective viscosity of the gas film in micro-scale is proposed. By solving the corresponding model, the bearing capacity and the stiffness of the aerostatic guideway are obtained through the pressure distributions of the air cavity. Through comparing the bearing capacity and the stiffness in different situations, the couple effects of the three factors are analyzed. Finally, the experimental results about the stiffness are obtained and the contrast between the simulation stiffness and the tested stiffness is achieved.

Findings
Through comparing the coupling effects of the micro scale factors under different conditions on the performance of the aerostatic guideway, it was found that when comparing the effects of a single factor, the effect of the first-order slip is the largest. When two factors are randomly combined, velocity slip and viscosity of the gas film is the largest, but these coupling effects are less than the effect of considering three factors simultaneously.

Originality/value
It is essential to consider the first-order velocity slip, the flow factor Q and the effective viscosity when analyzing the static performance of the aerostatic guideway in micro-scale. This makes studying the performance of the aerostatic guideway in micro-scale feasible and improves the machine’s accuracy.
Quantifying the impact of Ramadan on global raw sugar prices
Authors: Hossain Kazi Abrar , Basher Syed Abul , Haque A.K. Enamul 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of Ramadan on both the level and the growth of global raw sugar price.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a dummy and a fractional variable to capture Ramadan to overcome the asynchronicity of time between Ramadan fasting (which is based on the Islamic lunar calendar) and the movement in prices (which follows the Gregorian solar calendar). To capture the seasonality of sugar production, the data on sugar price span 34 years so that the Islamic calendar makes a complete cycle of the Gregorian calendar. The empirical model is estimated using both autoregressive integrated moving average model and unobserved components model.FindingsThe results show that monthly raw sugar prices in the global market increases by roughly 6.06 per cent (or $17.78 per metric ton) every year ahead of Ramadan.Practical implicationsThe study illustrates the implications of the results for the consumption of imported sugar in Bangladesh.Originality/valueThe study uses a broader set of Ramadan indicators in its empirical models and checks the robustness of its baseline model using the unobserved components model. It also performs seasonal unit root tests on the global raw sugar prices.
The future of manufacturing industry: a strategic roadmap toward Industry 4.0
Authors: Ghobakhloo Morteza 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a state-of-the-art review of the ongoing research on the Industry 4.0 phenomenon, highlight its key design principles and technology trends, identify its architectural design and offer a strategic roadmap that can serve manufacturers as a simple guide for the process of Industry 4.0 transition.

Design/methodology/approach
The study performs a systematic and content-centric review of literature based on a six-stage approach to identify key design principles and technology trends of Industry 4.0. The study further benefits from a comprehensive content analysis of the 178 documents identified, both manually and via IBM Watson’s natural language processing for advanced text analysis.

Findings
Industry 4.0 is an integrative system of value creation that is comprised of 12 design principles and 14 technology trends. Industry 4.0 is no longer a hype and manufacturers need to get on board sooner rather than later.

Research limitations/implications
The strategic roadmap presented in this study can serve academicians and practitioners as a stepping stone for development of a detailed strategic roadmap for successful transition from traditional manufacturing into the Industry 4.0. However, there is no one-size-fits-all strategy that suits all businesses or industries, meaning that the Industry 4.0 roadmap for each company is idiosyncratic, and should be devised based on company’s core competencies, motivations, capabilities, intent, goals, priorities and budgets.

Practical implications
The first step for transitioning into the Industry 4.0 is the development of a comprehensive strategic roadmap that carefully identifies and plans every single step a manufacturing company needs to take, as well as the timeline, and the costs and benefits associated with each step. The strategic roadmap presented in this study can offer as a holistic view of common steps that manufacturers need to undertake in their transition toward the Industry 4.0.

Originality/value
The study is among the first to identify, cluster and describe design principles and technology trends that are building blocks of the Industry 4.0. The strategic roadmap for Industry 4.0 transition presented in this study is expected to assist contemporary manufacturers to understand what implementing the Industry 4.0 really requires of them and what challenges they might face during the transition process.
Virtual team experiences in an emerging economy: a qualitative study
Authors: Gupta Shubhi , Pathak Govind Swaroop 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to document the experiences of team members in order to map the kinds of experiential outcomes that they report while working in virtual teams. The study will help to expand the understanding of various issues related to virtual work arrangements from the perceptions of information technology (IT) professionals in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted by adopting an exploratory approach with the use of qualitative methodology. The method of sampling adopted was purposive cum snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews (face-to-face and telephonic) were conducted by taking a sample of 52 respondents, who are employed by IT organisations. The interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed and analysed by using the content-coding approach followed by a thematic analysis.FindingsThe foremost contribution of the study is that it has considered the various motivators and the skills required to be a successful virtual team player. Significant challenges encountered in virtual teams have also been identified.Practical implicationsVirtual teams in the contemporary business environment are evolving with an unparalleled velocity. The findings of the paper have implications for managers, team leaders and change agents regarding how to transform and sustain in the rapidly changing business context of emerging economies.Originality/valueIn the extant literature on virtual teams very little is known about how individual members perceive this new form of teamwork. The findings of the study advance research on the topic of virtual teams by lending empirical support with respect to the interaction effects between IT and human beings. Recommendations have been provided for individual team members and organisations.