bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral vectors as a novel tool for clinical and neuropsychiatric research applications
Authors: Wang Yao , Hu Zhiwei , Ju Peijun , Yin Shan , Wang Fujie , Pan Oudong , Chen Jinghong 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundA viral vector is a genetically modified vector produced by genetic engineering. As pathogenic genes in the virus are completely or largely eliminated, it is safe to be widely used in multidisciplinary research fields for expressing genes, such as neuroscience, metabolism, oncology and so on. Neuroscience and psychiatry are the most closely related disciplines in either basic research or clinical research, but the application of viral vectors in neuropsychiatry has not received much attention or not been widely accepted.ObjectiveThis article will focus on the application of viral vectors in basic and clinical neuropsychiatric research.MethodsBy using viral vectors, scientists can perform neurological labelling, gene expression regulation and physiological manipulation for investigating phenomenon from molecular mechanisms to behaviours. At the same time, to treat mental or neurological disorders, viral vectors can be designed for gene therapy, which alter gene expression levels or repair mutated genes in the brains of patients.PerspectiveViral vectors play an important role in basic research and clinical applications. To further understand brain function and prevent mental and neurological diseases, we hypothesize that viral vectors could be used along with various advanced technologies, such as sequencing and high-throughput expression analysis in the neuroscience research field.
Mapping the potential of community first responders to increase cardiac arrest survival
Authors: Barry Tomás , González Ainhoa , Conroy Niall , Watters Paddy , Masterson Siobhán , Rigby Jan , Bury Gerard 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveResuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is largely determined by the availability of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation within 5–10 min of collapse. The potential contribution of organised groups of volunteers to delivery of CPR and defibrillation in their communities has been little studied. Ireland has extensive networks of such volunteers; this study develops and tests a model to examine the potential impact at national level of these networks on early delivery of care.MethodsA geographical information systems study considering all statutory ambulance resource locations and all centre point locations for community first responder (CFR) schemes that operate in Ireland were undertaken. ESRI ArcGIS Desktop 10.4 was used to map CFR and ambulance base locations. ArcGIS Online proximity analysis function was used to model 5–10 min drive time response areas under sample peak and off-peak conditions. Response areas were linked to Irish population census data so as to establish the proportion of the population that have the potential to receive a timely cardiac arrest emergency response.ResultsThis study found that CFRs are present in many communities throughout Ireland and have the potential to reach a million additional citizens before the ambulance service and within a timeframe where CPR and defibrillation are likely to be effective treatments.ConclusionCFRs have significant potential to contribute to survival following OHCA in Ireland. Further research that examines the processes, experiences and outcomes of CFR involvement in OHCA resuscitation should be a scientific priority.
Effect of lack of oxygen on optical and electrical properties of RF magnetron sputtering deposited CuFeO2−x thin films
Authors: Li Yiqi , Chen Lian , Deng Quanrong , Shen Yonglong , Wang Geming , Wang Shenggao 
Published: October 2018

Delafossite CuFeO[Formula: see text] thin films were fabricated on quartz substrate using radio-frequency sputtering deposition under low O2 flow ratios from 9% to 0% at room temperature. The as-deposited films were in amorphous phase and crystallized into rhombohedral 3R (R3m) delafossite structure after post annealing at 900[Formula: see text]C for 2 h in flowing N2 atmosphere. SEM images showed that the films were composed of nano-sized crystallized grains, thin film composed of smoother surface and higher oxygen content was obtained under higher oxygen percentage in sputtering gas. The optical transmission spectra of these films were studied in the wavelength range 200–1500 nm and the results revealed a narrowing trend of direct bandgap from 3.09 eV to 2.98 eV with the decrease of oxygen flow ratio during deposition. All of the post-annealed CuFeO[Formula: see text] thin films exhibited p-type conductivity and linear ohmic contact feature with Cu electrodes. The carrier concentration of thin films increased from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] whereas the carrier mobility decreased from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] as the oxygen flow ratio reduced from 9% to 0%. The ability of controlling compound composition enables tuning of carrier concentration and mobility in CuFeO[Formula: see text] and offering essential technical basis in engineering photoelectronic devices.
Polygenic Determinants for Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: The St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE)
Authors: Wang Zhaoming , Liu Qi , Wilson Carmen L. , Easton John , Mulder Heather , Chang Ti-Cheng , Rusch Michael C. , Edmonson Michael N. , Rice Stephen V. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Howell Rebecca M. , Kesserwan Chimene A. , Wu Gang , Nichols Kim E. , Downing James R. , Hudson Melissa M. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
The risk of subsequent breast cancer among female childhood cancer survivors is markedly elevated. We aimed to determine genetic contributions to this risk, focusing on polygenic determinants implicated in breast cancer susceptibility in the general population.

Experimental Design:
Whole-genome sequencing (30×) was performed on survivors in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort, and germline mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes were classified for pathogenicity. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed for each survivor using 170 established common risk variants. Relative rate (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of subsequent breast cancer incidence were estimated using multivariable piecewise exponential regression.

Results:
The analysis included 1,133 female survivors of European ancestry (median age at last follow-up = 35.4 years; range, 8.4–67.4), of whom 47 were diagnosed with one or more subsequent breast cancers (median age at subsequent breast cancer = 40.3 years; range, 24.5–53.0). Adjusting for attained age, age at primary diagnosis, chest irradiation, doses of alkylating agents and anthracyclines, and genotype eigenvectors, RRs for survivors with PRS in the highest versus lowest quintiles were 2.7 (95% CI, 1.0–7.3), 3.0 (95% CI, 1.1–8.1), and 2.4 (95% CI, 0.1–81.1) for all survivors and survivors with and without chest irradiation, respectively. Similar associations were observed after excluding carriers of pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes. Notably, the PRS was associated with the subsequent breast cancer rate under the age of 45 years (RR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2–8.3).

Conclusions:
Genetic profiles comprised of small-effect common variants and large-effect predisposing mutations can inform personalized breast cancer risk and surveillance/intervention in female childhood cancer survivors.
A winter roost count of the Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) at Porbandar, Gujarat, India
Authors: Vargiya Dhavalkumar , Chakraborty Anita 
Published: October 2018

The Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus is a common to uncommon winter visitor to Gujarat. The species roosted in bushes of Prosopis juliflora in the grassland of Shiroda area, Odadar Village of Porbandar District. Communal roosts were identified by foot surveys between 9–17 November 2016. A total of 20 individuals co-existed with grazing cattle in the grassland of ca. 1km2. At present due to their restricted nesting habits and nomadic nature, the species is vulnerable to habitat loss at their feeding and roosting grounds. Conversion of open habitats to agriculture, grazing, recreation, housing and tourism development are the current threats to the species in the wetland complex. The IUCN conservation status further confirms that though they are assessed as Least Concern, in spite of the species population constantly declining with global population estimated at 3,000,000 individuals which equates to 2,000,000 mature individuals. The present study is the first systematic attempt to count a roost in Gujarat.
Cultivation of the Himalayan seasoning Allium in a remote village of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Kuniyal Chandra Prakash , Negi Bir Singh 
Published: October 2018

Strachey’s Chive Allium stracheyi is popularly known as Himalayan Seasoning Allium. This species generally grows in cold deserts and higher temperate & alpine zones in the western Himalaya. Dried aerial parts (foliage/flowers) of Chive are used as a spice, culinary herb, and medicine. A. stracheyi is categorized as a Vulnerable Himalayan medicinal and aromatic plant. Wild collection and cultivation of Chive in mountain environments are common. The traditional cultivation and trade of A. stracheyi in Tolma, a small mountain village in Chamoli District in Uttarakhand, India, however, is remarkable. In addition to subsistence farming, optional cultivation of Chive in this village contributes to economic benefits to the villagers. In this communication, an attempt is made to present the status of A. stracheyi’s cultivation and prospects for technical and scientific improvement in this commercially sustainable and traditionally important conservation practice.
The herpetofauna of Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park in central Bhutan: status, distribution and new records
Authors: Tshewang Sangay , Letro Letro 
Published: October 2018

A checklist of herpetofauna in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park in central Bhutan based on field surveys and photographic records is presented. Twelve families, 30 genera, and 42 species of herpetofauna were recorded; 33 species from 24 genera and eight families were reptiles and nine species belonging to six genera and four families were amphibians. Two ophidians, Bungarus caerulus and B. lividus, and one anuran, Amolops formosus, are new records for Bhutan. The compiled record also includes three threatened species. We recommend enhanced monitoring and herpetofauna-oriented conservation and research for Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park.
The Theory of Natural Consequence
Authors: Martin Christopher J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The history of thinking about consequences in the Middle Ages divides into three periods. During the first of these, from the eleventh to the middle of the twelfth century, and the second, from then until the beginning of the fourteenth century, the notion of natural consequence played a crucial role in logic, metaphysics, and theology. The first part of this paper traces the development of the theory of natural consequence in Abaelard’s work as the conditional of a connexive logic with an equivalent connexive disjunction and the crisis precipitated by the discovery of inconsistency in this system. The second part considers the accounts of natural consequence given in the thirteenth century as a special case of the standard modal definition of consequence, one for which the principle ex impossibili quidlibet does not hold, in logics in which disjunction is understood extensionally.
Formal and Material Consequences in Ockham and Buridan
Authors: Crimi Milo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
William of Ockham and John Buridan provide different accounts of the distinction between formal and material consequences. Some consequences – in particular, enthymemes – that Ockham would classify as formal would be classified as material by Buridan. This paper explains this taxonomical discrepancy. It identifies the root of the discrepancy not in a difference between Ockham’s and Buridan’s notions of propositional hylomorphism but rather in Ockham’s endorsement of relational characterizations of consequences.
Effects of algae, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria diets on survival and growth performance in the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus sirindhornae (Branchiopoda, Anostraca)
Authors: Saejung Chewapat , Chaiyarat Anuwat , Sanoamuang La-Orsri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the effects on survival, growth performance and water quality of algae, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria as diets for larval and immature/matureStreptocephalus sirindhornae. Survival of the larvae fed with the algaChlorella vulgarisand the photosynthetic bacteriumRhodopseudomonas faecalisfor 5 days was higher than 80%, while those fed with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaewas 4.4%. After feeding the 6-day-old fairy shrimp until they reached 30 days of age, those fed with bacteria showed the highest survival and growth rate. Ammonia, nitrate and nitrite concentrations in the water treated withR. faecaliswere the lowest. The highest ammonia concentration, the lowest dissolved oxygen, and excessive turbidity were found in the yeast treatment. Frequent water replacement could not overcome this, which resulted in the low survival rate. Utilization of photosynthetic bacteria in fairy shrimp culture is for the first time reported herein, and the disadvantages of using yeast inS. sirindhornaecultivation are discussed.
Predicting Tidal Currents Using 25-h Observations through a Complete Tidal Species Modulation with Tidal Current Constant Corrections Method
Authors: Byun Do-Seong , Hart Deirdre E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA new approach enabling the prediction of tidal currents, for observation sites with as little as ≥25 h of data, has been developed as a practical way of utilizing very short tidal current records. We name this technique the complete tidal species modulation with tidal current constant corrections (CTSM+TCCC) method. In addition to a short-term tidal current record from the “observation site,” this technique also requires (i) ideally half a year (specifically, ≥183 days from any time) and (ii) concurrent (≥25 h) sea level observation records from a nearby “reference site.” The reliability of the CTSM+TCCC method is tested for three different tidal current regimes (almost rectilinear, elliptical, and near circular) in Geyonggi Bay, South Korea, using daily slices (25 h long) of 29-day tidal current records from each observation station, plus sea level records from the nearby Incheon reference station. RMSE analysis of the resulting prediction time series demonstrates that the CTSM+TCCC method produces reasonably accurate predictions based on observation station records derived from spring, but not neap, tide periods. We conclude that our method can be successfully employed to make tidal current predictions using 25-h observation station records obtained from spring tide periods, ideally gathered during periods of relatively calm weather. As well as testing the sensitivity of CTSM+TCCC predictions to observation record timing, the effect of reference station location was investigated using records from 20 stations spread along the South Korean coasts. Results revealed that tidal records from nearby tidal current observation and sea level reference stations produce reasonable current predictions, since proximal locations share similar tidal species’ modulated tidal and tidal current behaviors.
Automated gonioscopy photography for iridocorneal angle grading
Authors: Teixeira Filipa , Sousa David C , Leal Inês , Barata André , Neves Carlos M , Pinto Luís A 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the agreement between manual and automated gonioscopy for iridocorneal angle opening. Methods: The research is a cross-sectional observational study. Manual and automated gonioscopy were performed to consecutive patients in a glaucoma clinic. Iridocorneal angle opening grading was performed according to Shaffer’s classification. Automated gonioscopy was performed with NGS-1 automated gonioscope (NIDEK Co., Gamagori, Japan). The automated gonio-photos were graded by two independent observers. Agreement between automated and manual gonioscopy and also among raters was ascertained by Fleiss’ kappa statistic and comparison of area under curve. Results: In total, 88 eyes of 47 subjects were analysed. Mean age was 63 ± 10 years. Twenty eyes (22.7%) were excluded from grading due to poor quality images. Angle closure was detected in 23.4% with dynamic gonioscopy in comparison with 4.3% using automated image grading. The agreement for angle closure diagnosis between dynamic and automated gonioscopy was low (κ = 0.09 ± 0.10; p = 0.18). The area under curve for detecting eyes with angle closure showed poor accuracy between automated and manual methods (area under curve: 0.53 ± 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.62). There was modest inter-rater agreement for angle opening assessment of automated images with Fleiss’ kappa of 0.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.035–0.238). Conclusion: Manual and automated gonioscopy showed only slight agreement for the assessment of iridocorneal angle opening status. Further improvements of the NGS-1 automated gonioscopy and technique are desired for widespread use in a real-life setting.
Arteriovenous graft patency outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Park Jeeeun , Kim Jinhae , Hwang Subin , Lee Mi Kyoung , Jang Hye Ryoun , Eun Lee Jung , Park Yang-Jin , Huh Wooseong , Kim Yoon-Goo , Oh Ha Young , Joong Kim Dae 
Published: October 2018

Objectives Arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis shows poorer outcomes than arteriovenous fistula, due to frequent stenosis and thrombosis. We investigated arteriovenous graft patency outcomes and prognostic factors for these outcomes. Methods We included a single-center cohort of patients receiving arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis access from 2010 to 2014. Demographics, laboratory data, comorbidities, and medications were collected from medical records. Surgical factors related to graft operation including the type and diameter of connected vessels, graft location, and type of operation (elective or emergency) were also recorded. Outcomes included primary and secondary patency. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method; univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results Data from 225 grafts were analyzed. During the follow-up period (mean: 583 days, range: 1–1717 days), 138 (61%) grafts required intervention and 46 (20%) permanently failed. Primary patency at one, two, and three years was 42%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. Secondary patency at one, two, and three years was 85%, 72%, and 64%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that primary patency was negatively associated with increasing age and location of vessel anastomosis (reference-brachiobrachial anastomosis; brachiobasilic – HR, 0.569; 95% CI, 0.376–0.860; p = 0.007; brachioaxillary anastomosis – HR 0.407; 95% CI, 0.263–0.631; p < 0.0001); secondary patency was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin level, and hemoglobin over 10 g/dL. Adverse events other than stenosis or thrombosis, such as infection/inflammation or pseudoaneurysm were observed in approximately 20% of grafts. Conclusions Factors associated with diminished primary arteriovenous graft patency included increased patient age and location of vessel anastomosis (brachiobrachial type compared to brachiobasilic or brachioaxillary type); diminished secondary patency was associated with low diastolic blood pressure, low serum albumin, and hemoglobin level under 10 g/dL. Among these factors, diastolic blood pressure, serum albumin, and hemoglobin level may be modifiable and could improve arteriovenous graft patency outcomes.
Optimizing Community and Hospital Services Using the Cancer Support Source Program
Authors: Ross Emily J , Wiener Chelsea H , Robinson Diane , Cassisi Jeffrey E 
Published: October 2018

Background: The Cancer Support Community developed the Cancer Support Source (CSS) to assess the needs of cancer patients with distress. Each item on this self-administered questionnaire represents an area of concern which the patient rates and indicates their need for action with a “staff person,” but no details about the category of staff is given. Objective: To examine the factor structure of the CSS and to increase its utility to triage patients for referral to services based on a needs assessment. Methods: Data from 690 patients who completed the CSS over a 1-year period were analyzed. In study 1, an exploratory principal component analysis was conducted. In study 2, the fit of this proposed model was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Three factors were retained in the final CFA: emotional distress, physical health concerns, and resource needs. This model demonstrated adequate fit, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)= 0.056, Comparitive Fit Index (CFI) = .907, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.050. Conclusions: Three factors are proposed as CSS subscales to guide referral and coordinate services: Emotional Distress/Patient and Family Counselor, Physical Health Concerns/Medical Care Provider, and Resource Needs/Case Management-Clinical Social Worker. The clinical utility of these referral subscales should be established with additional research.
Macrophage TNF-α licenses donor T cells in murine bone marrow failure and can be implicated in human aplastic anemia
Authors: Sun Wanling , Wu Zhijie , Lin Zenghua , Hollinger Maile , Chen Jichun , Feng Xingmin , Young Neal S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInterferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been implicated historically in the immune pathophysiology of aplastic anemia (AA) and other bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes. We recently defined the essential roles of IFN-γ produced by donor T cells and the IFN-γ receptor in the host in murine immune-mediated BM failure models. TNF-α has been assumed to function similarly to IFN-γ. We used our murine models and mice genetically deficient in TNF-α or TNF-α receptors (TNF-αRs) to establish an analogous mechanism. Unexpectedly, infusion of TNF-α−/− donor lymph node (LN) cells into CByB6F1 recipients or injection of FVB LN cells into TNF-αR−/− recipients both induced BM failure, with concurrent marked increases in plasma IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. Surprisingly, in TNF-α−/− recipients, BM damage was attenuated, suggesting that TNF-α of host origin was essential for immune destruction of hematopoiesis. Depletion of host macrophages before LN injection reduced T-cell IFN-γ levels and reduced BM damage, whereas injection of recombinant TNF-α into FVB-LN cell-infused TNF-α−/− recipients increased T-cell IFN-γ expression and accelerated BM damage. Furthermore, infusion of TNF-αR−/− donor LN cells into CByB6F1 recipients reduced BM T-cell infiltration, suppressed T-cell IFN-γ production, and alleviated BM destruction. Thus, TNF-α from host macrophages and TNF-αR expressed on donor effector T cells were critical in the pathogenesis of murine immune-mediated BM failure, acting by modulation of IFN-γ secretion. In AA patients, TNF-α–producing macrophages in the BM were more frequent than in healthy controls, suggesting the involvement of this cytokine and these cells in human disease.