bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between unipolar mania and bipolar‐I disorder: Evidence from nine epidemiological studies
Authors: Angst Jules , Rössler Wulf , Ajdacic‐Gross Vladeta , Angst Felix , Wittchen Hans Ulrich , Lieb Rosalind , Beesdo‐Baum Katja , Asselmann Eva , Merikangas Kathleen R , Cui Lihong , Andrade Laura H , Viana Maria C , Lamers Femke , Penninx Brenda WJH , de Azevedo Cardoso Taiane , Jansen Karen , Dias de Mattos Souza Luciano , Azevedo da Silva Ricardo , Kapczinski Flavio , Grobler Christoffel , Gholam‐Rezaee Mehdi , Preisig Martin , Vandeleur Caroline L 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesAlthough clinical evidence suggests important differences between unipolar mania and bipolar‐I disorder (BP‐I), epidemiological data are limited. Combining data from nine population‐based studies, we compared subjects with mania (M) or mania with mild depression (Md) to those with BP‐I with both manic and depressive episodes with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics in order to highlight differences.MethodsParticipants were compared for gender, age, age at onset of mania, psychiatric comorbidity, temperament, and family history of mental disorders. Generalized linear mixed models with adjustment for sex and age as well as for each study source were applied. Analyses were performed for the pooled adult and adolescent samples, separately.ResultsWithin the included cohorts, 109 adults and 195 adolescents were diagnosed with M/Md and 323 adults and 182 adolescents with BP‐I. In both adult and adolescent samples, there was a male preponderance in M/Md, whereas lifetime generalized anxiety and/panic disorders and suicide attempts were less common in M/Md than in BP‐I. Furthermore, adults with mania revealed bulimia/binge eating and drug use disorders less frequently than those with BP‐I.ConclusionsThe significant differences found in gender and comorbidity between mania and BP‐I suggest that unipolar mania, despite its low prevalence, should be established as a separate diagnosis both for clinical and research purposes. In clinical settings, the rarer occurrence of suicide attempts, anxiety, and drug use disorders among individuals with unipolar mania may facilitate successful treatment of the disorder and lead to a more favorable course than that of BP‐I disorder.
A family affair: Supporting children with chronic illnesses
Authors: Nabors Laura , Liddle Melissa , Graves Myia L. , Kamphaus Allison , Elkins JaLisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren living with chronic illnesses may rely on family for social support during hospitalization. Understanding child and parent perspectives about the nature of the sibling and family relationships during hospitalization will provide information about these relationships during a stressful period.MethodsEnglish‐speaking children diagnosed with chronic illnesses, siblings, and parents participated. They were residing at a Ronald McDonald House. A qualitative study using interviews with children and parents was completed.ResultsSeventeen mothers, eight children with illnesses, and twelve siblings completed interviews. Children with illnesses benefitted from connections with parents. Mothers believed that siblings and the ill child benefitted from being in close contact. Siblings were worried about their brother or sister with an illness, and despite this, the family was coping well. Siblings helped with the medical regimen for a brother or sister with a chronic illness. Trying to help the family function in a routine or “normal” fashion was important to children with illnesses and siblings.ConclusionsFamily connection was critical for children with chronic illnesses during hospitalization. Findings highlighted the importance of sibling support as a factor promoting child and family resilience when a child is facing medical procedures.
Biomechanical changes in the cornea following cataract surgery: A prospective assessment with the Corneal Visualisation Scheimpflug Technology
Authors: Wallace Henry B. , Misra Stuti L. , Li Sunny S. , McKelvie James 
Published: November 2018

ImportanceIntraocular pressure (IOP) is often reduced following cataract surgery. Postoperative changes in corneal stiffness are likely to be at least partly responsible for any reduction in IOP measured with applanation tonometry.BackgroundTo determine the effect of cataract surgery and corneal incision size on corneal biomechanics.DesignProspective randomized trial.ParticipantsOne hundred prospectively enrolled patients qualifying for cataract surgery.MethodsParticipants were randomized to clear corneal incisions with a 2.20 or 2.85 mm keratome. Corneal Visualisation Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis‐ST) tonometry and dynamic corneal response measurements were obtained preoperatively, and 3 mo postoperatively. Multiple regression analysis was completed using R software.Main Outcome MeasuresCorvis‐ST biomechanical parameters.ResultsNinety‐three eyes of 93 patients were included in the final analysis. Mean Corvis‐ST biomechanically corrected IOP decreased by 3.63 mmHg postoperatively (95% confidence interval = 2.97‐4.35, P ≤ 0.01), and central pachymetry increased by 6.96 μm (4.33‐9.59, P ≤ 0.01). Independent of IOP and pachymetry changes, mean (±SE) corneal first applanation stiffness parameter reduced by 9.761 ± 3.729 (P = 0.01) postoperatively. First applanation velocity increased by 0.007 ± 0.002 ms, second applanation velocity increased by 0.012 ± 0.004 ms (P ≤ 0.01), the first applanation deformation amplitude increased by 0.008 ± 0.002 mm (P ≤ 0.01) and the deflection amplitude at highest concavity increased by 0.030 ± 0.069 (P ≤ 0.01). There were no significant differences between different incision size groups.Conclusions and RelevanceCorneal stiffness is reduced 3 mo following cataract surgery and is associated with falsely low IOP measurements. This finding may be important for glaucoma patients and in particular when assessing the effectivity of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery devices.
Synthesized glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper peptide inhibits photoreceptor apoptosis and protects retinal function in light‐induced retinal degeneration model
Authors: Gu Ruiping , Tang Wenyi , Lei Boya , Jiang Chen , Song Fang , Xu Gezhi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective function of a synthesized glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper peptide (GILZ‐p) in a light‐induced retinal degeneration model.MethodsThe GILZ98‐134 peptide was synthesized and injected intravitreally into Sprague Dawley rats. Retinal injury was then induced in the rats by exposing their eyes to constant white light (5000 lux) for 24 h. The activation of retinal caspases‐9/3 and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol were measured at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d after light injury. Photoreceptor apoptosis was evaluated with terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl‐transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining at 3 d after injury. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and electroretinography were used to observe the changes in the retinal morphology and function, respectively, at 7 and 14 d after light injury.ResultsThe intravitreally injected synthesized GILZ‐p successfully penetrated to the retina and significantly inhibited the activation of retinal caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 at 1, 3, 5 and 7 d after light injury, and reduced the number of TUNEL‐positive photoreceptors at 3 d after light injury. GILZ‐p pre‐treatment also alleviated cytochrome c release and rescued mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis after injury. Simultaneously, GILZ‐p pre‐treatment also mitigated the light‐induced thinning of the outer nuclear layer and the loss of retinal function at 7 and 14 d after light injury, respectively.ConclusionsThe synthesized GILZ‐p prevented light‐induced photoreceptor apoptosis and protected retinal function from degeneration, and is therefore a potential therapeutic option for degenerative retinal diseases.
Influence of restorative margins position on one‐stage laser‐microgrooved implants‐supported single screwed crowns: A clinical, biochemical, and microbiological analysis
Authors: Guarnieri Renzo , Di Nardo Dario , Gaimari Gianfranco , Miccoli Gabriele , Testarelli Luca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo clinically, biochemically, and microbiologically evaluate the influence of crown margins position on one‐stage laser‐microgrooved implants.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one‐stage titanium implants with a laser‐microgrooved collar surface, supporting screwed, single crown restorations, were placed in 20 partially edentulous patients and evaluated. Clinical parameters included modified plaque index, modified gingival index, peri‐implant probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and distance between implant shoulder and mucosal margin. The parameters were recorded at baseline (crowns delivery) and at every 6‐month recall visit, until the end of the 3 years follow‐up period. At the same time intervals, radiographic marginal bone levels were assessed at the mesial and distal aspect of the implant sites. For biochemical analysis, the volume of the peri‐implant sulcus fluid, and its levels of interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and of tumor necrosis factor‐α, were utilized to evaluate the peri‐implant health conditions at the end of the 3‐year follow‐up period. At the same time, microbiological analysis, including the concentration of five putative periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythensis), were assessed. The crown margins positions were classified into four groups (A = intracrevicular position >2 mm, B = intracrevicular position ≤2 mm/<1 mm, C = intracrevicular position ≤1 mm/<0 mm, and D = extracrevicular position), and the biochemical, and microbiological parameters were evaluated at 3 years.ResultsNo statistical differences of clinical and biochemical parameters were found between the four groups. In group A, compared to groups B, C, and D, a statistically significant higher concentration of putative periodontal pathogens was found.ConclusionsResults showed that the intracrevicular deeper position of the restoration margin does not influence the clinical and biochemical peri‐implant parameters. The deeper position of the crown margin is associated with a greater amount of putative periodontal pathogenic microflora colonization.
Potential risk factors for maxillary sinus membrane perforation and treatment outcome analysis
Authors: Marin Saša , Kirnbauer Barbara , Rugani Petra , Payer Michael , Jakse Norbert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost common complication of sinus floor elevation (SFE) is sinus membrane perforation (SMP).PurposeTo investigate the correlation between SMP and potential risk factors and to evaluate SMP treatment outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis study included patients who had undergone a SFE at Division of Oral Surgery and Orthodontics, Medical University of Graz from 2013 to 2017. Analysis of patients' records and CBCT focused on patient‐related risk factors (sinus contours, thickness of membrane and lateral sinus wall, interfering septa, crossing vessels, former oroantral communication) and intervention‐related risk factors (surgical approach, sides, number of tooth units, and sites). The outcome of SMP treatment was analyzed in the recalls.ResultsIn all, 121 patients underwent 137 SFE. There were 19 cases of SMP (13.9%). Two significant factors were identified: maxillary sinus contours (P = .001) and thickness of the sinus membrane (P = .005). The sinus membrane perforation rate was highest in narrow tapered sinus contours and when the sinus membrane was thinner than 1 mm. Among 19 cases with SMP, no complications were seen upon recall.ConclusionsMaxillary sinus contours and sinus membrane thickness seem to be relevant factors for SMP. Sinus membrane perforations were successfully treated by coverage with collagen membrane.
The unmet need for better risk stratification of non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Sivaprasad S. , Pearce E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and remains one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in working‐age people. Non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the earliest stage of diabetic retinopathy and is typically asymptomatic. Currently, the severity of diabetic retinopathy is assessed using semi‐quantitative grading systems based on the presence or absence of retinal lesions. These methods are well validated, but do not predict those at high risk of rapid progression to sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy; therefore, new approaches for identifying these people are a current unmet need. We evaluated published data reporting the lesion characteristics associated with different progression profiles in people with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Based on these findings, we propose that additional assessments of features of non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy lesions may help to stratify people based on the likelihood of rapid progression. In addition to the current classification, the following measurements should be considered: the shape and size of lesions; whether lesions are angiogenic in origin; the location of lesions, including predominantly peripheral lesions; and lesion turnover and dynamics. For lesions commonly seen in hypertensive retinopathy, a detailed assessment of potential concomitant diseases is also recommended. We believe that natural history studies of these changes will help characterize these non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy progression profiles and advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy in order to individualize management of people with diabetic retinopathy.
Is metabolically healthy obesity a useful concept?
Authors: Beh S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObesity poses significant public health concerns, including Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Although deleterious metabolic profiles typically accompany individuals with obesity, various epidemiological studies have identified a subset of patients with a favourable metabolic phenotype referred to as the metabolically healthy obese. Metabolically healthy obesity is a novel concept that stratifies obese individuals according to their respective metabolic status. It has important implications for healthcare policies, particularly the efficient allocation of resources in the targeted treatment of obesity and prevention of metabolic ill‐health. However, conflicting evidence in the literature regarding its risk profile questions its clinical relevance. In addition, the lack of a unified definition of metabolically healthy obesity and agreement on its progression further impede its utility as a stratification strategy. This review aims to describe current concepts of metabolically healthy obesity within the literature, evidence of this metabolic phenotype, the clinical implications of patient stratification and limitations of the concept.
A single preoperative blood test predicts postoperative sepsis and pneumonia after coronary bypass or open aneurysm surgery
Authors: van Koeverden Ian D. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Scholtes Vincent P. W. , G. E. H. Lam Marnix , Haitjema Saskia , Buijsrogge Marc P. , J. L. Suyker Willem , van Wijk Richard H. , de Groot Mark C. H. , van Herwaarden Joost A. , van Solinge Wouter W. , de Borst Gert J. , Pasterkamp Gerard , Hoefer Imo E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMajor surgery comes with a high risk for postoperative inflammatory complications. Preoperative risk scores predict mortality risk but fail to identify patients at risk for complications following cardiovascular surgery. We therefore assessed the value of preoperative red cell distribution width (RDW) as a predictor for pneumonia and sepsis after cardiovascular surgery and studied the relation of RDW with hematopoietic tissue activity.MethodsRDW is an easily accessible, yet seldomly used parameter from routine haematology measurements. RDW was extracted from the Utrecht Patient Orientated Database (UPOD) for preoperative measurements in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic anuerysm repair (AAA)(N = 136) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)(N = 2193). The cohorts were stratified in tertiles to assess effects over the different groups. Generalized Linear Models were used to determine associations between RDW and postoperative inflammatory complications. Hematopoietic tissue activity was scored using fluor‐18‐(18F)‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and associated with RDW using linear regression models.ResultsIn total, 43(31.6%) and 73 patients (3.3%) suffered from inflammatory complications after AAA‐repair or CABG, respectively; the majority being pneumonia in both cohorts. Postoperative inflammatory outcome incidence increased from 19.6% in the lowest to 48.9% in the highest RDW tertile with a corresponding risk ratio (RR) of 2.35 ([95%CI:1.08‐5.14] P = 0.032) in AAA patients. In the CABG cohort, the incidence of postoperative inflammatory outcomes increased from 1.8% to 5.3% with an adjusted RR of 1.95 ([95%CI:1.02‐3.75] P = 0.044) for the highest RDW tertile compared with the lowest RDW tertile. FDG‐PET scans showed associations of RDW with tissue activity in the spleen (B = 0.517 [P = 0.001]) and the lumbar bone marrow (B = 0.480 [P = 0.004]).ConclusionElevated RDW associates with increased risk for postoperative inflammatory complications and hematopoietic tissue activity. RDW likely reflects chronic low‐grade inflammation and should be considered to identify patients at risk for postoperative inflammatory complications following cardiovascular surgery.
Survival of Heterobasidion irregulare on red pine discs in cold temperatures
Authors: Myers Lindsey J. , Smith Denise R. , Stanosz Glen R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDisease foci of the conifer root and butt decay pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare are typically initiated following germination of spores deposited on freshly cut stumps, followed by expansion by tree to tree spread through root contacts and grafts. Although most abundant in autumn, inoculum of H. irregulare is also available during some cold winter periods in northern portions of the eastern United States. In both laboratory and field experiments, fresh stem discs of red pine (Pinus resinosa) were inoculated with H. irregulare conidia to test the null hypothesis that the pathogen would not survive prolonged exposure to cold temperatures experienced during winters in those regions. After exposure to cold for various periods of time, discs were incubated and then observed for presence of the Spiniger state of the pathogen. In each of two laboratory trials, the fungus survived on red pine discs incubated at ≤−20°C for 90 days. The field experiment was conducted during each of two winters at two infested red pine plantations. Inoculated discs were deployed periodically beginning in early winter and retrieved after various periods of time until spring. The Spiniger state of the pathogen was frequently observed on discs after laboratory incubation, even after field exposure of up to 6 months, during which temperatures ≤−25°C were sometimes recorded. Whether viable due to growth from inoculum initially placed on the discs, or natural inoculum deposited on discs exposed in the infested plantations, winter temperatures did not eliminate survival of the pathogen on this natural substrate. The potential for survival on stump surfaces during sub‐freezing temperatures during which application of stump protectants in water is impractical should be considered in evaluating the potential risk from H. irregulare to economically and environmentally valuable conifer forests of northcentral and northeastern North America.
Immune system responses in Parkinson's disease: Early and dynamic
Authors: Tansey Malú G. , Romero‐Ramos Marina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the degeneration and death of dopamine‐producing neurons in the ventral midbrain, the widespread intraneuronal aggregation of alpha‐synuclein (α) in Lewy bodies and neurites, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. Signs of microglia activation in thePDbrain postmortem as well as during disease development revealed by neuroimaging, implicate immune responses in the pathophysiology of the disease. Intensive research during the last two decades has advanced our understanding of the role of these responses in the disease process, yet many questions remain unanswered. A transformative finding in the field has been the confirmation thatin vivomicroglia are able to respond directly to pathological a‐syn aggregates but also to neuronal dysfunction due to intraneuronal a‐syn toxicity well in advance of neuronal death. In addition, clinical research and disease models have revealed the involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Indeed, the data suggest thatPDleads not only to a microglia response, but also to a cellular and humoral peripheral immune response. Together, these findings compel us to consider a more holistic view of the immunological processes associated with the disease. Central and peripheral immune responses aimed at maintaining neuronal health will ultimately have consequences on neuronal survival. We will review here the most significant findings that have contributed to the current understanding of the immune response inPD, which is proposed to occur early, involve peripheral and brain immune cells, evolve as neuronal dysfunction progresses, and is likely to influence disease progression.
Task‐dependent responses to muscle vibration during reaching
Authors: Keyser Johannes , Ramakers Rob E. F. S. , Medendorp W. Pieter , Selen Luc P. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFeedback corrections in reaching have been shown to be task‐dependent for proprioceptive, visual and vestibular perturbations, in line with predictions from optimal feedback control theory. Mechanical perturbations have been used to elicit proprioceptive errors, but have the drawback to actively alter the limb's trajectory, making it nontrivial to dissociate the subject's compensatory response from the perturbation itself. In contrast, muscle vibration provides an alternative tool to perturb the muscle afferents without changing the hands trajectory, inducing only changes in the estimated, but not the actual, limb position and velocity. Here, we investigate whether upper‐arm muscle vibration is sufficient to evoke task‐dependent feedback corrections during goal‐directed reaching to a narrow versus a wide target. Our main result is that for vibration of biceps and triceps, compensatory responses were down‐regulated for the wide compared to the narrow target. The earliest detectable difference between these target‐specific corrections is at about 100 ms, likely reflecting a task‐dependent feedback control policy rather than a voluntary response.