bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Noninvasive Blood-based Combinatorial Proteomic Biomarker Assay to Detect Breast Cancer in Women over age 50 with BI-RADS 3, 4, or 5 Assessment
Authors: Henderson Meredith C. , Silver Michael , Tran Quynh , Letsios Elias E. , Mulpuri Rao , Reese David E. , Lourenco Ana P. , LaBaer Joshua , Anderson Karen S. , Alpers Josie , Costantini Carrie , Rohatgi Nitin , Ali Haythem , Baker Karen , Northfelt Donald W. , Ghosh Karthik , Grobmyer Stephen R. , Polen Winnie , Wolf Judith K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
With improvements in breast cancer imaging, there has been a corresponding increase in false-positives and avoidable biopsies. There is a need to better differentiate when a breast biopsy is warranted and determine appropriate follow-up. This study describes the design and clinical performance of a combinatorial proteomic biomarker assay (CPBA), Videssa Breast, in women over age 50 years.

Experimental Design:
A BI-RADS 3, 4, or 5 assessment was required for clinical trial enrollment. Serum was collected prior to breast biopsy and subjects were followed for 6–12 months and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded. Samples were split into training (70%) and validation (30%) cohorts with an approximate 1:4 case:control ratio in both arms.

Results:
A CPBA that combines biomarker data with patient clinical data was developed using a training cohort (469 women, cancer incidence: 18.5%), resulting in 94% sensitivity and 97% negative predictive value (NPV). Independent validation of the final algorithm in 194 subjects (breast cancer incidence: 19.6%) demonstrated a sensitivity of 95% and a NPV of 97%. When combined with previously published data for women under age 50, Videssa Breast achieves a comprehensive 93% sensitivity and 98% NPV in a population of women ages 25–75. Had Videssa Breast results been incorporated into the clinical workflow, approximately 45% of biopsies might have been avoided.

Conclusions:
Videssa Breast combines serum biomarkers with clinical patient characteristics to provide clinicians with additional information for patients with indeterminate breast imaging results, potentially reducing false-positive breast biopsies.
Political Theology and International Law
Authors: Haskell John D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolitical Theology and International Lawoffers an account of the intellectual debates surrounding the term “political theology” in academic literature concerning international law. Beneath these differences is a shared tradition, or genre, within the literature that reinforces particular styles of characterising and engaging predicaments in global politics. The text develops an argument toward another way of thinking about what political theology might offer international law scholarship – a politics of truth.
A New Generation of Ground-Based Mobile Platforms for Active and Passive Profiling of the Boundary Layer
Authors: Wagner Timothy J. , Klein Petra M. , Turner David D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMobile systems equipped with remote sensing instruments capable of simultaneous profiling of temperature, moisture, and wind at high temporal resolutions can offer insights into atmospheric phenomena that the operational network cannot. Two recently developed systems, the Space Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) Portable Atmospheric Research Center (SPARC) and the Collaborative Lower Atmosphere Profiling System (CLAMPS), have already experienced great success in characterizing a variety of phenomena. Each system contains an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer for thermodynamic profiling and a Halo Photonics Stream Line Doppler wind lidar for kinematic profiles. These instruments are augmented with various in situ and remote sensing instruments to provide a comprehensive assessment of the evolution of the lower troposphere at high temporal resolution (5 min or better). While SPARC and CLAMPS can be deployed independently, the common instrument configuration means that joint deployments with well-coordinated data collection and analysis routines are easily facilitated.In the past several years, SPARC and CLAMPS have participated in numerous field campaigns, which range from mesoscale campaigns that require the rapid deployment and teardown of observing systems to multiweek fixed deployments, providing crucial insights into the behavior of many different atmospheric boundary layer processes while training the next generation of atmospheric scientists. As calls for a nationwide ground-based profiling network continue, SPARC and CLAMPS can play an important role as test beds and prototype nodes for such a network.
Development of an Operational Convective Nowcasting Algorithm Using Raindrop Size Sorting Information from Polarimetric Radar Data
Authors: Kingfield Darrel M. , Picca Joseph C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRaindrop size sorting is a ubiquitous microphysical occurrence in precipitating systems. Owing to the greater terminal fall speed of larger particles, a raindrop’s fall trajectory can be sensitive to its size, and strong air currents (e.g., a convective updraft) can enhance this sensitivity. Indeed, observational and numerical model simulation studies have confirmed these effects on raindrop size distributions near convective updrafts. One striking example is the lofting of liquid drops and partially frozen hydrometeors above the environmental 0°C level, resulting in a small columnar region of positive differential reflectivity ZDR in polarimetric radar data, known as the ZDR column. This signature can serve as a proxy for updraft location and strength, offering operational forecasters a tool for monitoring convective trends. Beneath the 0°C level, where WSR-88D spatiotemporal resolution is highest, anomalously high ZDR collocated with lower reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization ZH is often observed within and beneath convective updrafts. Here, size sorting creates a deficit in small drops, while relatively large drops and melting hydrometeors are present in low concentrations. As such, this unique raindrop size distribution and its related polarimetric signature can indicate updraft location sooner and more frequently than the detection of a ZDR column. This paper introduces a novel algorithm that capitalizes on the improved radar coverage at lower levels and automates the detection of this size sorting signature. At the algorithm core, unique ZH–ZDR relationships are created for each radar elevation scan, and positive ZDR outliers (often indicative of size sorting) are identified. Algorithm design, examples, performance, strengths and limitations, and future development are discussed.
Evaluation of HFC-245fa as an Alternative Blowing Agent for Extruded Polystyrene
Authors: Vachon Caroline , Gendron Richard 
Published: September 2018

The need for replacing conventional CFCs with alternative blowing agents has led to the development of many candidates. Among those, HFC-245fa is targeted as one of the most promising for the replacement of HCFC-141b in polyurethane foams. However, the low thermal conductivity of HFC-245fa and its interesting near room-temperature boiling point may render it suitable for other applications such as polystyrene insulating foam board manufacturing.This work investigates the use of HFC-245fa as a potential physical blowing agent for extruded thermoplastic foams. The process was monitored using ultrasonic probes, which reveals information on the solubility behavior of the gas in the molten state. Results showed that at 190°C, HFC-245fa could be incorporated in molten polystyrene up to about 7 wt.% and generate homogeneous solutions. Higher concentrations revealed evidence of heterogeneous conditions as seen in the attenuation signal. Three concentrations of blowing agent (5, 6 and 7 wt.%) were used to produce foam samples at lower extrusion temperatures. Increasing the concentration of blowing agent or nucleating agent greatly affected the expansion profile of the foam samples. Thus, lower densities could be achieved by using an optimal combination of both.
Foaming Cyclo-Olefin Copolymers with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Gendron Richard , Champagne Michel F. , Tatibouët Jacques , Bureau Martin N. 
Published: September 2018

Cyclo-olefin copolymers (COC) based on ethylene-norbornene (E-NB) structures have been investigated with respect to their foamability. COC present interesting characteristics, such as extremely low water absorption, excellent water vapor barrier properties, high strength and very good electrical insulating properties. Varying the ratio of E versus NB monomers enables to tune the glass transition temperature (Tg) over a wide range. Due to the rigid ring structure of NB, the resin remains amorphous. This study presents basic information related to the foam processing of different grades of COC resins with Tg varying between 80 and 130 °C, adding a special emphasis on process-relevant material characteristics: rheology, solubility and plasticization. CO2-laden COC sheets, where the gas sorption was obtained using high pressure autoclave, were foamed using a biaxial stretcher. The impact of selected processing parameters (temperature, time of pre-heating, speed of deformation, magnitude of stretching) on the microcellular foam morphology and density will be reported throughout this paper.
The Supercritical State Paradigm in Thermoplastic Foaming
Authors: Gendron Richard , Champagne Michel F. , Li Hongbo , Tatibouët Jacques 
Published: September 2018

“Supercritical” has become automatically and intrinsically associated with “carbon dioxide foaming”, with this combination generally resulting into claimed benefits such as microcellular structure, high cell density and enhanced mechanical properties. However the supercritical state remains accessible to any blowing agents. The newly-introduced hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), following the ban put on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in the polystyrene foam industry, are other examples of foaming agents that are processed under temperature and pressure conditions that belong to the supercritical region. Unfortunately, such unusual conditions have resulted in the past into typical processing difficulties that make the resulting benefits associated to the supercritical state questionable. The supercritical state may not be apparently the panacea usually claimed… and sought for! In this work, density characteristics of supercritical fluids were reviewed and linked to the foam nucleation stage. Foaming experiments using a specific polymercarbon dioxide system were conducted at the vicinity of the critical locus and the sequence leading to phase separation monitored using an ultrasonic technique. The results suggested a phase separation mechanism similar to that of spinodal decomposition. Density fluctuations reported for supercritical fluids close to their critical locus would translate for the foaming process into concentration fluctuations typical of the spinodal decomposition.
Long-term Aging of Closed-Celled Foam Insulation
Authors: Murphy John 
Published: September 2018

Many factors influence the thermal efficiency [lambda value or k-factor] one obtains with foams blown with any of the commercial physical blowing agents. Factors affecting a product's thermal efficiency depend on, but are not limited to, the blowing agent itself – such items as the blowing agent's molecular weight, its boiling point, and its solubility in the foam matrix. Other factors depend on formulation parameters such as catalyst levels which affect speed of reaction and fineness of cell structure. Still others depend on the mixing efficiency of the equipment used to process the foams. Finally, a great deal of the contribution depends on the amount of protection the foam receives from its immediate environment - ranging from exposed foam to foam enclosed within impermeable facers. The long-term aging of foams has always been filled with myth and controversy. This has been true for every blowing agent that has been commercialized. We will try to dispel some of the myths with the results of several long-term aging studies, run on ecomate® and other commercial Blowing Agents.
Effectiveness of Blowing Agents in the Cellular Injection Molding Process
Authors: Garbacz Tomasz , Palutkiewicz Pawel 
Published: September 2018

The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the type and content of blowing agents in the polymeric materials being processed on the structure and selected physical and mechanical properties of the obtained injection molded parts. In the study of the cellular injection molding process, three standard and generally available thermoplastics were used. In the experiments, the blowing agent content (0–2.0% by mass, i.e. 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 2.0% (wt)) fed into the polymer being processed was adopted as a variable factor. In the present study, the blowing agents with the endothermic decomposition characteristics and exothermic decomposition characteristics, coming in a granulated form with a diameter ranging from 1.2 to 3 mm were used.Based on the results of investigating porosity, porous structure image analysis as well as microscopic examination of the structure was shown. It has been found, that the favorable content of the blowing agent in the polymeric material should be of up to 0.8% wt.. With such content of the blowing agent in the polymeric material, favorable strength properties are retained in porous parts, the pore distribution is uniform and the pores have similar sizes.
Multiple daytime administration of the selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist JNJ-42847922 induces somnolence in healthy subjects without residual central effects
Authors: van der Ark Peter D , Golor Georg , van Nueten Luc , Nandy Partha , de Boer Peter 
Published: September 2018

Background: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and general safety and tolerability of JNJ-42847922, a selective orexin-2 receptor antagonist, were assessed in healthy subjects. Methods: Five consecutive cohorts of healthy subjects were enrolled and received doses of 5–60 mg orally once daily over 10 days of JNJ-42847922 ( n=6) or placebo ( n=2). Concentrations of drug in plasma and urine were measured over 24 h after dosing on Days 1, 5 and 10. Observed- and self-reported somnolence was used to evaluate the principal pharmacodynamic effect of JNJ-42847922. A test battery to assess vigilance state, sedation and alertness was assessed at 4, 6 and 8 h after dosing. Safety assessments included recording of adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory assessments and suicidality per Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Results: JNJ-42847922 was rapidly absorbed after the morning dose administration. The median tmax ranged from 0.5–1.5 h and mean t1/2 values from 2–3 h. At JNJ-42847922 dose levels ⩾20 mg, mean Cmax and mean area under the curve, values increased less than dose proportionally. At doses ⩾20 mg, JNJ-42847922 consistently induced somnolence on all study days. At four hours post-dose administration, dose levels >5 mg JNJ-42847922 were identified as sedating by the Addiction Research Center Inventory-49. Except for a mild decrease in attention (Bond and Lader Visual Analogue Scale Factor 1) at dose levels >10 mg at four hours post-dose, no clinically relevant changes in other central measures have been observed. JNJ-42847922 was well tolerated.
Genetic susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease: A systematic review
Authors: Griessenauer Christoph J , Farrell Sean , Sarkar Atom , Zand Ramin , Abedi Vida , Holland Neil , Michael Andrew , Cummings Christopher L , Metpally Raghu , Carey David J , Goren Oded , Martin Neil , Hendrix Philipp , Schirmer Clemens M 
Published: September 2018

Investigation of genetic susceptibility to cerebrovascular disease has been of growing interest. A systematic review of human studies assessing neurogenomic aspects of cerebrovascular disease was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Any association study exploring genetic variants located in the exome associated with one of the major cerebrovascular diseases with at least 500 subjects was eligible for inclusion. Of 6874 manuscripts identified, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies of interest focused on ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Large cohort genetic association studies on hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease were less common. In addition to rare, well-established monogenic conditions with significant risk for cerebrovascular disease, a number of genetic variants are also relevant to cerebrovascular pathogenesis as part of a multifactorial process. The 45 polymorphisms identified were located in genes involved in processes related to endothelial and vascular health (15 (33.4%) variants), plasma lipid metabolism (10 (22.2%) variants), inflammation (9 (20%) variants), coagulation (3 (6.7%) variants), and blood pressure modulation (2 (4.4%) variants), and other (6 (13.3%) variants). This work represents a comprehensive overview of genetic variants in the exome relevant to ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology.
Does Inflation Affect Savings Non-linearly? Evidence from India
Authors: Dash Santosh K. , Kumar Lakshmi 
Published: September 2018

In the wake of the steep fall in the saving rate between 2007–2008 and 2012–2013, this article investigates to what extent inflation explains the variation in the saving rate. Most of the extant studies on saving focus on estimating the linear impact of inflation on saving; our article examines for the first time whether inflation has a non-linear impact on saving. To ascertain how inflation affects saving, we use both linear and non-linear models like the quadratic method and the Sarel (Staff Papers [Interdomestic Monetary Fund], 43, 199–215, 1996) methodology. Our findings from the linear saving model suggest that both domestic and private savings are negatively correlated with inflation, the real interest rate and the share of agriculture, and positively correlated with the growth rate. Further, higher public saving crowds out private saving, suggesting a partial Ricardian equivalence. Results from the non-linear models do not suggest a non-linear impact of inflation on saving. Thus, there is no threshold inflation in the context of the inflation–saving relationship. Instead, we find that inflation has a linear and significant negative effect on savings. The implication of not finding threshold inflation is that the central bank should control inflation, so as to promote a higher saving rate. JEL Classification: C22, E21, E31
Interdependence between Monetary Policy and Stock Liquidity: A Panel VAR Approach
Authors: Debata Byomakesh , Mahakud Jitendra 
Published: September 2018

This article examines the relationship between monetary policy and individual stock liquidity in an order-driven emerging stock market like India. This study considers stocks listed in National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) and continuously traded from April 2002 to March 2015. Considering the multiple dimensions of liquidity, this study uses five different liquidity proxies to capture the various facets of liquidity such as trading activity, price impact and transaction cost. An array of macroeconomic and firm-specific control variables are used while analysing the liquidity and monetary policy relationship. Econometric methods like panel vector autoregressive (VAR)–Granger causality test, impulse response functions and variance decomposition analysis have been employed to carry out this analysis. The empirical findings suggest that monetary policy significantly Granger-causes stock liquidity, and the expansionary monetary policy characterised by low interest rate and higher money supply is positively associated with individual stock liquidity in India. The impact of monetary policy on liquidity of individual stocks is more prominent during financial crisis. The findings of the present study have certain theoretical as well as practical implications. The market participants in equity market can improve the forecasting of liquidity of their investment portfolio by employing monetary policy along with individual asset’s characteristics. Regulators and policymakers may consider the cross-sectional relationship between stock liquidity and monetary policy as an important source of information for policy formulation and implementation. JEL Classification: E44, E51, G12
Cervical Local Immune Response for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Sahin Erdem , Madendag Yusuf , Sahin Mefkure Eraslan , Madendag Ilknur Col , Acmaz Gokhan , Karakukcu Cıgdem , Karaman Hatice , Muderris Iptisam Ipek 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: To evaluate cervical mucus secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) 16 or 18 positive and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). Method: Patients with HPV 16 or 18 positive from 30 to 45 years of age whose cervical cancer screening results reported cytologically LGSIL or HGSIL were included in the study. In the control group, we included participants in the same age with cytology negative and HPV-negative healthy women. All cytological LGSIL or HGSIL results were histopathologically confirmed with colposcopic biopsy specimens. Finally, the study consisted of a total of 3 groups each containing 25 participants as follows: (1) Pap smear and HPV-negative control group, (2) HPV 16 or HPV 18 and LGSIL-positive participants, and (3) HPV 16 or 18 and HGSIL-positive participants. Cervical mucus SLPI levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The mean cervical mucus SLPI levels were 32.94 ng/mL (range: 23-41.29 ng/mL) in the hrHPV + LGSIL group, 29.40 ng/mL (range: 21.03-38.95 ng/mL) in the hrHPV + HGSIL, and 18.75 ng/mL (range: 13.58-29.24 ng/mL) in the healthy control group. Cervical mucus SLPI levels were found to be significantly higher in the hrHPV + LGSIL and hrHPV + HGSIL groups compared to the control group ( P < .001). Conclusions: The data from the present study indicate that SLPI seems to be one of the important immunomodulatory proteins that provide local immune response in cervical mucosa.
Skin-Related Complications Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Al Hayek Ayman A , Robert Asirvatham A , Al Dawish Mohamed A 
Published: September 2018

Background: To identify the skin-related complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using the insulin pump therapy (IPT). Methods: A total of 64 T1D adolescents (between ages 13 and 19) using the insulin pump were included in this cross-sectional study. They had visited the Diabetes Clinic at Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia, for treatment from January 2018 to March 2018. Data on the prior and present skin-related complications, for a 6-month interval, were gathered via a closed/structured questionnaire. Besides this, demographic information was also recorded. Results: From the patients in this study (n = 64), 9.3% experienced 3 or more skin-related complications, whereas 7.8% patients registered 2 and 25% had only 1 such disorder. However, in 37 patients (51.8%), there was no evidence of skin-related complications. Significantly, the female revealed a higher level of issues ( P = .036), >3 years on IPT ( P = .039), negligence of infusion set rotation ( P = .001), needle length of 9 mm ( P = .021), and beyond 3 days for catheter replacement ( P = .022). The factors age, body mass index, diabetes duration, and insulin dosage remained quite unaffected. From the regression analysis, the factors female gender, catheter replacement, and infusion set rotation showed up as the independent risk factors for the skin complications. Conclusions: The IPT users invariably experience dermatologic conditions. Through this study, female gender, length of IPT usage time, and infusion set rotations were identified as the independent risk factors responsible for the skin issues.