bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pulsed Electric Field‐Assisted Process in Combination with Porcine Lipase on Defatting of Seabass Skin
Authors: Chotphruethipong Lalita , Aluko Rotimi E. , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDefatting of seabass skins using pulsed electric field (PEF)‐assisted process at different electric field strengths (16 and 24 kV/cm) and times (36, 72, and 108 ms) in combination with porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) at 25 U/g dry matter was investigated. PEF‐treated skin at 24 kV/cm for 72 ms followed by PPL treatment removed 86.93% lipids. PEF‐treated skin was further optimized for lipid reduction by response surface methodology. Central composite design was adopted to establish treatments based on two independent variables, involving PPL concentration (30 to 55 U/g dry matter) and hydrolysis time (60 to 180 min). Second‐order polynomial model was used for predicting the response. The highest lipid removal (91.96 ± 1.70%) was attained when the optimal condition (42.36 PPL units/g dry skin matter for 139.78 min) was used. The experiment value was in accordance with the predicted value. PEF‐PPL‐treated skin had lower monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids than the solvent‐extracted skin (P < 0.05). When PEF‐PPL‐treated skin was hydrolyzed using papain at 0.30 U/g dry matter, lower fishy odor/flavor of resulting hydrolyzed collagen (PEF‐PPL‐HC) was found than other samples (P < 0.05). Lower total volatile compounds were also obtained in PEF‐PPL‐HC sample. Thus, the use of PEF pretreatment along with PPL before papain hydrolysis effectively prevented the formation of fishy odor/flavor in hydrolyzed collagen from seabass skin.Practical ApplicationFishy odor/flavor caused by lipid oxidation of fish skin hydrolysates limits their applications in foods. Defatting process is the significant step for skin pretreatment. Although several methods could remove lipids from fish skins, either by lipase or solvent extraction, fishy odor/flavor is still detected in hydrolysate. Pulsed electric field‐assisted process in combination with porcine lipase is another approach that can be used to enhance efficiency via electroporation, causing the loosened skin matrix and facilitating the migration of lipase into the skin. Consequently, the resulting hydrolysate might have the lowered fishy odor/flavor and could be used in foods, especially for fortification.
Foreign competition and the durability of US firm investments
Authors: Fromenteau Philippe , Schymik Jan , Tscheke Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow does the exposure to product market competition affect the investment horizon of firms? We study if firms have an incentive to shift investments toward more short‐term assets when exposed to tougher competition. Based on a stylized firm investment model, we derive a within‐firm estimator using variation across investments with different durabilities. Exploiting the Chinese World Trade Organization (WTO) accession, we estimate the effects of product market competition on the composition of US firm investments. Firms that experienced tougher competition shifted their expenditures toward investments with a shorter durability. This effect is larger for firms with lower total factor productivity.
Evaluating the rumen‐protected lysine stability in forage‐based total mixed rations in vitro and determining the lysine Brix value
Authors: Ishimaru Saki , Elsabagh Mabrouk , Saiki Seiichi , Haruno Atsushi , Nakamura Maki , Funo Hidetada , Obitsu Taketo , Shinzato Izuru , Sugino Toshihisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree rumen‐protected lysine (RPL) products (AjiPro®‐L, LysiPEARLTM, and Feedtech Bypass LysineTM: A, B, and C, respectively) were tested for stability in two forage‐based total mixed rations (TMR1, 41.3% dry matter (DM), and TMR2, 49.5% DM) (experiment 1) and for Brix value (experiment 2). In experiment 1, each RPL product (2 g each) and TMR diet (200 g) were mixed and stored in plastic bags at 20°C for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. In experiment 2, each RPL product (2 g) was dispensed into ion‐exchanged water (20 ml) and kept at 20°C for 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. At each time point, free lysine (Lys) content and Brix values of extracts were measured, and Lys release (LR, %) was calculated. All RPL products LR% varied with varying diets DM and increased with increasing of time exposed to diets; it was highest in C, followed by B, and then A. Water LR% positively correlated with that from diets and with Brix values of Lys dissociated in water. Our results indicated that Lys dissociation from RPL products is affected by diet DM content. Brix value may be used as a potential marker for RPL protection efficacy.
The impact of liver transplant recipient and donor genetic variability on tacrolimus exposure and transplant outcome
Authors: Coller Janet K. , Ramachandran Jeyamani , John Libby , Tuke Jonathan , Wigg Alan , Doogue Matthew 
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the effect of recipient and donor genetic variability on dose‐adjusted steady‐state tacrolimus concentrations (Css) and clinical outcomes 3 and 6 months after liver transplant. Twenty‐nine recipients and matched donor blood samples were genotyped for 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms including CYP3A5*3 (rs776746), ABCB1 haplotype and immune genes. Associations between genetic variability and clinical parameters and Css and the occurrence of rejection and nephrotoxicity were analysed by multivariate and multinomial logistic regression modelling and Jonckheere–Terpstra tests examined the impact of combined donor/recipient CYP3A5 expression on Css. At 3 months post‐transplant modelling revealed an association between tacrolimus Css and recipient CASP1 rs580523 genotype (P = 0.005), accounting for 52% Css variance. Jonckheere–Terpstra tests revealed that as combined donor/recipient CYP3A5 expression increased, Css decreased (P = 0.010 [3 months], 0.018 [6 months]). As this is the first report of CASP1 genetic variability influencing tacrolimus Css, further validation in larger cohorts is required.
Medication related litigation in Ireland: A 6‐year review
Authors: McCullagh Mark , Slattery Dubhfeasa 
Published: June 2019

AimsThe primary aims of the study were to identify those medications most frequently associated with clinical litigation in Ireland and to quantify the cost of such litigation. Secondary aims were to identify where in the medication‐use process claims were most likely to arise, the medication incident types involved and the primary injury alleged.MethodsThe National Incident Management System (NIMS) for incident and claims management was searched to identify all medication‐related claims finalised from 2011 to 2016 (inclusive). The physical case files were obtained and additional data not available on NIMS was extracted in order to build a detailed picture of the incident and subsequent claim.ResultsThe search identified 79 relevant claims, of which 48 closed with a payment to the plaintiff. These 48 claims involved 54 medications. Medication groups identified included general anaesthetics (n = 7), opioids (n = 6), penicillins, antithrombotics and local anaesthetics (all n = 5). The errors alleged occurred exclusively at the administration (58%) and prescribing (42%) stages of the medication‐use process. Medication incident types included wrong dose/strength (n = 17), wrong drug (n = 7) and adverse drug reaction (n = 6). The most commonly pleaded primary injuries were allergic reaction (n = 9), deterioration in clinical status (n = 9) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (n = 8). The median total cost of these claims was €60 991, including median damages of €33 858.ConclusionsThis study links data on medication incidents, actual harm to patients and litigation costs. Thus, it presents a comprehensive picture of the consequences of medication error.
Vibration Controlled Transient Elastography (Fibroscan®) in sickle cell liver disease ‐ could we strike while the liver is hard?
Authors: Ben Yakov Gil , Sharma Disha , Alao Hawwa , Surana Pallavi , Kapuria Devika , Etzion Ohad , Hsieh Matthew M. , Tisdale John F. , Fitzhugh Courtney D. , Kleiner David E. , Levy Elliot B. , Chang Richard , Rivera Elenita , Huang Amy , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo 
Published: June 2019

SummaryVibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) is validated for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in different liver diseases. Sickle cell liver disease (SCLD) results from a cumulative hepatic injury and its lifelong and progressive nature raises the need for a non‐invasive tool for fibrosis evaluation.Fifty patients, aged between 23 and 59 years with sickle cell disease and suspected SCLD underwent a VCTE followed by a liver biopsy. Biopsies were evaluated for various scores of liver disease that were then correlated to VCTE score. 90% of our patients had an Ishak Fibrosis (IF) score between 0–2 (Group A‐minimal to no fibrosis) and 10% of the patients had IF score between 3–6 (Group B‐advanced fibrosis). The median Transient Elastography (TE) for patients in Groups A and B was 4·8 kilopascals (kPa) and 17·6 kPa, respectively. A positive correlation was shown between TE and IF score, R = 0·0·68 (P = <0·0001); a positive correlation was also shown with Histology Activity Index fibrosis score, R = 0·64 (P = <0·0001). This study emphasises the need for further studies of non‐invasive tools and their utility in liver fibrosis evaluation of patients with SCLD.
Opioid‐sparing effects of cannabinoids on morphine analgesia: participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Cowan Alan , Inan Saadet , Geller Ellen B. , Meissler Joseph J. , Rawls Scott M. , Tallarida Ronald J. , Tallarida Christopher S. , Watson Mia N. , Adler Martin W. , Eisenstein Toby K. 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeMuch of the opioid epidemic arose from abuse of prescription opioid drugs. This study sought to determine if the combination of a cannabinoid with an opioid could produce additive or synergistic effects on pain, allowing reduction in the opioid dose needed for maximal analgesia.Experimental ApproachPain was assayed using the formalin test in mice and the carrageenan assay in rats. Morphine and two synthetic cannabinoids were tested: WIN55,212‐2 (WIN), which binds to both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and possibly TRPV1 channels; and GP1a, which has activity at CB2 receptors and is reported to inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase, thus raising levels of endogenous cannabinoids.Key ResultsMorphine in combination with WIN in the formalin test gave synergistic analgesia. Studies with selective antagonists showed that WIN was acting through CB1 receptors. Morphine in combination with GP1a in the formalin test was sub‐additive. In the carrageenan test, WIN had no added effect when combined with morphine, but GP1a with morphine showed enhanced analgesia. Both WIN and Gp1a used alone had analgesic activity in the formalin pain test, but not in the carrageenan pain test.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe ability of a cannabinoid to produce an additive or synergistic effect on analgesia when combined with morphine varies with the pain assay and may be mediated by CB1 or CB2 receptors. These results hold the promise of using cannabinoids to reduce the dose of opioids for analgesia in certain pain conditions.
Immunohistochemistry for identification of CCND1, NSD2, and MAF gene rearrangements in plasma cell myeloma
Authors: Murase Takayuki , Ri Masaki , Narita Tomoko , Fujii Keiichiro , Masaki Ayako , Iida Shinsuke , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe t(11;14)/CCND1‐IGH, t(4;14)/NSD2(MMSET)‐IGH, and t(14;16)/IGH‐MAF gene rearrangements detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are used for risk stratification in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Compared with conventional FISH techniques using fresh cells, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is much more cost‐ and time‐efficient, and can be readily applied to routinely prepared formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) materials. In this study, we performed tissue FISH and IHC employing FFPE specimens, and examined the usefulness of IHC as a tool for detecting CCND1, NSD2, and MAF gene rearrangements. CD138 signals were used to identify plasma cells in tissue FISH and IHC analyses. With cohort 1 (n = 70), we performed tissue FISH and subsequently IHC, and determined IHC cut‐off points. In this cohort, the sensitivity and specificity for the 3 molecules were ≥.90 and ≥.96, respectively. With cohort 2, using MM cases with an unknown gene status (n = 120), we performed IHC, and the gene status was estimated using the cut‐off points determined with cohort 1. The subsequent FISH analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity for the 3 molecules were ≥.92 and ≥.98, respectively. CCND1, NSD2, and MAF gene rearrangements were estimated accurately by IHC, suggesting that conventional FISH assays can be replaced by IHC.
Identifying and addressing osteoporosis knowledge gaps in women with premature ovarian insufficiency and early menopause: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Goh Maylyn , Nguyen Hanh H. , Khan Nadia N. , Milat Frances , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Vincent Amanda J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOsteoporosis associated with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause (EM) is a major concern for women. We aimed to (a) identify information and knowledge gaps and behaviours regarding bone health in women with POI/EM and (b) co‐design an osteoporosis fact sheet.DesignMixed‐methods study: survey of women and online resource appraisals to develop and refine, using semi‐structured interviews, an osteoporosis fact sheet.PatientsWomen with POI/EM (menopause before ages 40 and 45 years respectively).MeasurementsDemographics, comorbidities, information needs, calcium intake, exercise, osteoporosis knowledge (OKAT), beliefs and self‐efficacy, DISCERN appraisal (validated scales). Analysis: descriptive statistics, logistic regression and thematic analysis of interviews.ResultsMedian age of survey respondents (n = 316) was 54(IQR47‐63) years, median age of menopause was 40(IQR38‐43) years, and osteoporosis diagnosis was reported in 19%. Most reported inadequate dietary calcium intake (99%) and exercise (65%). Median OKAT score 8 [IQR6‐10]/19 indicated knowledge gaps regarding risk factors and treatment options. Adjusting for age and education, OKAT predicted calcium intake (OR 1.126 [CI 1.035‐1.225]; P = 0.006) and screening (OR 1.186 [CI 1.077‐1.305]; P = 0.001); beliefs predicted screening (OR 1.027 [CI 1.004‐1.050]; P = 0.019); and self‐efficacy predicted calcium intake (OR1.040 (CI 1.013‐1.069); P = 0.003] and exercise (OR 1.117 [CI 1.077‐1.160]; P < 0.001). Current online resources have deficiencies. Five themes identified from two interview rounds (n = 10/ round) were as follows: content, emotional response, design, perceived usefulness and clinical considerations. The final fact sheet was considered acceptable and useful in addressing knowledge gaps, promoting information‐seeking, impacting behaviours and facilitating healthcare discussions.ConclusionA co‐designed fact sheet is acceptable and addresses identified osteoporosis knowledge gaps in women with POI/EM.
Front Cover
Authors: Cai Xue‐Bi , Wu Kun‐Chao , Zhang Xiao , Lv Ji‐Neng , Jin Guang‐Hui , Xiang Lue , Chen Jie , Huang Xiu‐Feng , Pan Deng , Lu Bin , Lu Fan , Qu Jia , Jin Zi‐Bing 
Published: June 2019

The cover image is based on the Original Article Whole‐exome sequencing identifi ed ARL2 as a novel candidate gene for MRCS (microcornea, rod‐cone dystrophy, cataract, and posterior staphyloma) syndrome, by Xue‐Bi Cai et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13541.
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Molecular and phenotypic spectrum of Noonan syndrome in Chinese patients
Authors: Li Xin , Yao Ruen , Tan Xin , Li Niu , Ding Yu , Li Juan , Chang Guoying , Chen Yao , Ma Lizhuang , Wang Jian , Fu Lijun , Wang Xiumin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNoonan syndrome (NS) is a common autosomal dominant/recessive disorder. No large‐scale study has been conducted on NS in China, which is the most populous country in the world. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify pathogenic variants in patients that exhibited NS‐related phenotypes. We assessed the facial features and clinical manifestations of patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the RAS‐MAPK signaling pathway. Gene‐related Chinese NS facial features were described using artificial intelligence (AI).NGS identified pathogenic variants in 103 Chinese patients in eight NS‐related genes:PTPN11(48.5%),SOS1(12.6%),SHOC2(11.7%),KRAS(9.71%),RAF1(7.77%),RIT1(6.8%),CBL(0.97%),NRAS(0.97%), andLZTR1(0.97%). Gene‐related facial representations showed that each gene was associated with different facial details. Eight novel pathogenic variants were detected and clinical features because of specific genetic variants were reported, including hearing loss, cancer risk due to aPTPN11pathogenic variant, and ubiquitous abnormal intracranial structure due toSHOC2pathogenic variants. NGS facilitates the diagnosis of NS, especially for patients with mild/moderate and atypical symptoms. Our study describes the genotypic and phenotypic spectra of NS in China, providing new insights into distinctive clinical features due to specific pathogenic variants.
Cancer‐testis antigens as biomarkers for Merkel cell carcinoma: Pitfalls and opportunities
Authors: Dasgeb Bahar , Mehregan Darius , Ring Christina , Nartker Nathan , Brownell Isaac 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis and treatment options for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) are poor. The immune‐privileged status of cancer‐testis (CT) antigens imparts tumor specificity, making them ideal candidates for targeted immunotherapy. We investigate the usefulness of the CT antigens SPA17 (sperm protein‐17 [SP‐17]), IGF2BP3 (insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein 3 [IMP‐3]), and transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐like and two follistatin‐like domains 1 (TMEFF1) as potential MCC biomarkers and evaluate their possible utility in immunotherapy and molecularly targeted image‐guided treatment.MethodsThe CT antigens SP‐17, IMP‐3, and TMEFF1 were selected using transcriptome profiling to identify CT antigens expressed in MCC tumors. Antibodies directed against these CT antigens were stained. Twelve normal skin tissue samples were used as a control. The average percentage of positive cells in each tumor was computed.ResultsTwelve of 14 (86%) MCC cases showed crisp nuclear staining for SP‐17, with 2.06% of cells staining positive. IMP‐3 showed crisp, perinuclear staining in all 14 MCC cases, with 52.93% MCC cells staining positive. TMEFF1 showed perinuclear staining in all 14 MCC cases, with 96.51% of tumor cells staining positive.ConclusionsCT antigens were found to be expressed in both MCC and some control tissues. SP‐17 was the most specific yet the least sensitive. IMP‐3 and TMEFF1 were both sensitive but not specific. CT antigens may represent valuable treatment targets in MCC.
Tailoring Transportation Planning Decisions to Diverse Urban Environments
Authors: Rose William J. , Mollenkopf Diane A. , Autry Chad W. , Williams Brent D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAs the world's population continues to urbanize, providing efficient and effective logistics service to customers in urban areas has become an increasingly important, but difficult task. Recent vehicle routing studies suggest that logistics planners face numerous difficulties during decision‐making due to certain complexities associated with the urban environment, but to date, specific challenges have remained unidentified. Using a multiple case study methodology, this research examines several environmental characteristics that influence vehicle routing decisions across eight U.S. urban centers, and contrasts decisions firms make when creating solutions to address these factors. Cross‐case synthesis uncovered patterns connecting specific environmental characteristics with variations on traditional vehicle routing decisions. Results allow us to construct a theoretical framework and propositions to guide managers when tailoring urban logistics strategies to urban environments having different combinations of structural characteristics.
Superiority of endoscopic interventions over minimally invasive surgery for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Bang Ji Young , Wilcox Charles Melbern , Arnoletti Juan Pablo , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: June 2019

Background and AimInfected necrotizing pancreatitis is a highly morbid disease managed by minimally invasive surgical (MIS) or endoscopy‐based interventions. This meta‐analysis compared the clinical outcomes of patients treated using either approach.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify all randomized trials that compared MIS and endoscopy‐based interventions for treatment of infected necrotizing pancreatitis. Main outcome measure was to compare rates of complications or death during 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsThree studies involving 184 patients met inclusion criteria. While there was no significant difference in mortality (14.5% vs. 16.1%, risk ratio [RR] = 1.02, P = 0.963), new onset multiple organ failure (5.2% vs. 19.7%, RR = 0.34, P = 0.045), enterocutaneous fistula/perforation (3.6% vs. 17.9%, RR = 0.34, P = 0.034) and pancreatic fistula (4.2% vs. 38.2%, RR = 0.13, P < 0.001) were significantly lower for endoscopic interventions compared to MIS. There was no significant difference in intraabdominal bleeding, endocrine or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency between cohorts. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for endoscopy (standardized mean difference, −0.41, P = 0.010).ConclusionsAn endoscopy‐based treatment approach, as compared to minimally invasive surgery, significantly reduces complications in patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis.
Movement of model position just before vacuum forming to ensure mouthguard thickness: Part 2 Effect of model moving distance
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/AimWearing a mouthguard during sports reduces the risk of dental injury via absorbing impact forces, and the effectiveness and safety of the mouthguard are closely linked to the mouthguard material and thickness. The aim of this study was to clarify the suppression effect of the thickness reduction of the mouthguard when changing the moving distance of the model forward in a stepwise manner.Materials and MethodsEthylene‐vinyl acetate sheets of 4.0 mm thick and a vacuum forming machine were used. The working model was placed at a position 40 mm from the front of the forming unit. The sheet was softened until it sagged 15 mm, and the sheet frame was lowered and covered the model. The model was then pushed from the back to move it forward, and the vacuum was switched on. The model was moved 10 (MP‐10), 20 (MP‐20), or 30 mm (MP‐30). The control model was not moved. The thickness after formation was measured with a specialized caliper. Differences in the mouthguard thickness caused by the forming conditions were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the control and each MP condition (P < 0.01). Reduction rate of the thickness decreased as the moving distance of the model increased. In particular, the thickness difference depending on the forming conditions was greater at the labial site. The reduction rate of MP‐30 was 33.8 ± 0.8% smaller than that of the control.ConclusionThe thickness reduction in mouthguards was mitigated by moving the model forward just before vacuum forming. The reduction was smaller as the moving distance of the model increased. This study suggested that moving the model 20 mm or more forward just before vacuum forming could secure the labial thickness of 3 mm or more.