bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gangliyon kisti nedenli nervus suprascapularis sıkışması: Üç farklı olgunun sonuçları ve literatür değerlendirmesi
Authors: TAŞDEMİR Zeki , Bulut Güven , Eceviz Engin , Elmalı Nurzat 
Published: February 2019

Posteriyor glenohumeral eklemdeki gangliyon kistinin supraskapular sinire basısı nadiren karşılaşılan bir omuz ağrısı nedenidir. Bu çalışmada supraskapular sinir sıkışmasına neden olan gangliyon kistlerine yönelik farklı tedavi yöntemlerinin uygulanabilirliğini ilgili literatür ışığında tartışmayı amaçladık. Manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntülemede travma öyküsü olmayan ve omuz ağrısından yakınan üç hastada sağ glenohumeral eklem arkasında gangliyon kisti görünümü ile uyumlu kistik yapı gözlemledik. Glenohumeral eklemde ağrı ve güçsüzlüğe neden olan gangliyon kistleri için literatürde konservatif ve cerrahi tedavi yöntemleri önerilmiştir. Medikal tedaviye yanıtsız hastalarda supraskapular sinirin dekompresyonu için kist nedeninin artroskopik tamirinin veya ortadan kaldırılmasının başarılı sonuçlar verdiği gözlenmiştir. Artroskopik teknik daha az morbidite görülmesi, fonksiyonların daha hızlı düzelmesi, eklem içi patolojilerin daha kolay tespit ve tedavi edilebilmesi nedeniyle açık cerrahiye göre daha avantajlıdır.
İntravitreal Enjeksiyon İğnesi Çapının Göz İçi Basıncına Etkisi
Authors: COŞKUN Mehmet 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: İntravitreal enjeksiyon yapılan hastalarda enjeksiyon iğnesi çapının göz içi basıncına etkisini incelemek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Diyabetik retinopati ve makula ödemi nedeniyle intravitreal aflibersept (IVA) enjeksiyonu uygulanan 107 hastanın 107 gözü çalışmaya dahil edildi. Yirmi altı gauge (G) iğne kullanılan 52 hastanın 52 gözü Grup 1 olarak, 30 G iğne kullanılan 55 hastanın 55 gözü Grup 2 olarak değerlendirildi. Göz içi basıncı (GİB) blefarosta takılmadan önce (ÖGİB), blefarosta takıldıktan sonra (BGİB) ve enjeksiyon sonrası 1. dakikada (EGİB) ölçüldü.Bulgular: Grup 1’de 25 erkek, 27 kadın, Grup 2’de 26 erkek, 29 kadın hasta mevcuttu (p=0,93). Yaş ortalaması Grup 1’de 56,40±7,62 yıl, Grup 2’de 56,58±6,91 yıldı (p=0,90). Ortalama ÖGİB ve BGİB sırasıyla Grup 1’de 18,56±3,91 mmHg ve 21,94±4,27 mmHg, Grup 2’de 18,10±3,80 mmHg ve 20,63±4,91 mmHg idi; aradaki farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (sırasıyla, p=0,63 ve p=0,14). Ortalama EGİB değerleri ise Grup 1’de 34,84±16,46 mmHg, Grup 2’de 47,05±10,02 mmHg olup aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0,001). EGİB–BGİB fark ortalaması Grup 1’de 12,86±17,63, Grup 2’de 25,87±9,95 idi (p=0,001). EGİB–ÖGİB fark değerleri ortalaması ise Grup 1’de 15,80±16,65, Grup 2’de 28,25±10,09 olarak tespit edildi (p=0,001) (Tablo 1).Tartışma ve Sonuç: Demografik benzerlikleri olan ve aynı intravitreal ilaçlar uygulanan hastalarda enjeksiyonun 26 G iğne ile uygulanmasının 30 G iğne ile uygulanmasına göre daha az göz içi basıncı değişimi yaptığı görülmüştür.
Istranca Meşesinin (Quercus hartwissiana Steven) Nozokomiyal Patojenlere Karşı Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi
Authors: AKKUŞ Adem , ÇALIŞKAN Emel , KILINÇEL Özge , DÜLGER Görkem 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Son zamanlarda antibiyotiklerin bilinçsiz kullanımı ile patojen
mikroorganizmaların direnç kazanması, yeni antibiyotik arayışlarına neden
olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ıstranca meşesi (Quercus hartwıssıana Steven)
kabuğu ekstraktlarının, bakteriyel ve fungal patojenlere karşı antimikrobiyal
aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Istranca meşesinin, etanol, formaldehit,
aseton, etil asetat ve metanol çözücüleri ile ekstraksiyonu
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu ekstraktlardan 50µl alınarak steril disklere emdirildikten
sonra ekstraktlarda bulunan çözücülerin sonucu etkilememesi amacıyla diskler 24
saat steril ortamda kurutulmuştur. Disk difüzyon yöntemi ile Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Salmonella spp., metisilin dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), metisilin duyarlı
Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Enterococcus spp., Candida albicans, Candida glabrata ve Candida
tropicalis türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktivite araştırılmıştırBulgular: Çalışmada,
etanolle hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını Enterococcus spp.(8
mm) ve S. epidermidis (8 mm) suşlarında; formaldehit ve etil
asetatla hazırlanan ekstraktların en geniş zon çapını E. coli suşunda
(16 mm, 28 mm); asetonla hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını Enterococcus
spp. suşunda (21 mm); metanolle hazırlanan ekstraktın ise en geniş zon
çapını MSSA suşunda (28 mm) oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Mayalarda ise, etanolle
hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını C. glabrata suşunda (12
mm); formaldehitle hazırlanan ekstraktın en geniş zon çapını C.
albicans (28 mm) ve C. tropicalis (28 mm) suşlarında; aseton, etil asetat ve metanolle
hazırlanan ekstraktların en geniş zon çapını C. albicans suşunda(19
mm, 30 mm, 22 mm) oluşturduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç::
Istranca meşesinin etil asetat ile elde edilen ekstraktının diğer
çözücülerle elde edilen ekstraktlara oranla, çalışmaya alınan suşlarda daha
geniş duyarlılık zon çapı oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca en geniş zon çapını E.coli,
S.aureus ve C.albicans türlerinde oluşturduğundan,
ülkemizde doğal olarak yetişen ıstranca meşesinin inhibe edici etkisine yönelik
in vivo antimikrobiyal çalışmalar yapılmasının önemli olduğu
düşünülmüştür.
Jüvenil İdiyopatik Artritli Hastalarda Pubertal Gelişim
Authors: KARATOPRAK Elif , ERGÜVEN Müferet 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Kronik hastalıklarda puberte gelişiminin olumsuz etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada çocukluk çağının en yaygın kronik romatolojik hastalığı olan jüvenil idiyopatik artritin (JİA) puberte gelişimine olan etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza International League of Associations for Rheumatology tanı kriterlerine göre JİA tanısı almış 72 (42 kız, 30 erkek) çocuk dahil edildi. Pubertal gelişim Tanner–Marshall metoduyla değerlendirildi. Kızlarda göğüs gelişimi (telarş evre 1–5), erkeklerde testis hacmi (genital evre 1–5) değerlendirildi. Hastaların Tanner evreleri sağlıklı Türk çocuklarının önceden bildirilmiş pubertal gelişim ortalamaları ile karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 13,8±3,3 yıl idi. JİA’lı kızlarda puberte başlangıç yaşı 10,87±1,22, menarş yaşı ise 12,83±1,05 yıl olarak saptandı. Kızların puberte başlangıç ve menarş yaşı sağlıklı Türk kızlarınınkinden (p=0,07) ve menarş yaşı kendi annelerinin menarş yaşından (p=0,66) farklı değildi; fakat pubertenin tamamlanmasının geciktiği saptandı (p=0,001). Erkek çocuklarda ise puberte başlangıç yaşı 13,8±2,2 yıl idi ve pubertenin başlamasının ve tamamlanmasının geciktiği tespit edildi (sırasıyla p=0,001; p=0,003). Tüm hastalarda geç puberte oranı %4,1 olarak saptandı.Tartışma ve Sonuç: JİA’lı kızlarda puberte başlangıç yaşı ve menarş yaşı etkilenmemekle birlikte pubertenin tamamlanmasının geciktiği, JİA’lı erkek çocuklarda ise hem puberte başlangıcının geciktiği hem de pubertenin tamamlanma süresinin uzadığı saptanmıştır.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
Authors: DAVARCI İsmail , ŞENBAYRAK Seniha , AKSARAY Sebahat , KOÇOĞLU Mücahide Esra , KUŞKUCU Mert Ahmet , SAMASTI Mustafa 
Published: February 2019

AimCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection has become an important clinical problem with reduced therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the carbapenem resistance rates and responsible resistance genes in K. pneumoniae isolates derived from clinical samples collected in Istanbul.Materials and MethodsThis prospective study included a total of 1452 K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted to our hospital between July 2013 and July 2014. VITEK-2 (bioMérieux, MarcyI’Ѐtoile, France) was used for microbial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The carbapenem-resistant isolates identified by VITEK-2 were also found to be resistant to ertapenem by the ertapenem gradient test. Resistance mechanisms of the carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated using real time-polymerase chain reaction.ResultsOf the 1452 K. pneumoniae isolates, 45 (3.1%) were carbapenem-resistant. Of these, 32 (71.1%) were blaOXA-48-positive, 9 (20%) blaNDM-positive, and 1 (2.2%) blaVIM-1-positive. None had the genes blaKPC and blaIMP-1. The greatest susceptibility by the isolated carbapenemase-producing K.pneu moniae was shown to the antimicrobials amikacin and gentamicin.Discussion and ConclusionIn our hospital, there are several mechanisms causing carbapenem resistance, and the blaOXA-48 positivity rate of 71.1% is significant. This resistance may spread rapidly and, through enzymatic resistance gene transfer, lead to hospital epidemics difficult to manage. For this reason, accurate and rapid laboratory diagnosis is important in infection control. For faster results, molecular methods, as well as phenotypic methods, must be included in the hospital infrastructure
Karyomapping in Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Patients with Beta-thalassemia and Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: COSKUN Serdar 
Published: February 2019

Aim Preimplantation genetic testing
(PGT) has been introduced to prevent the transmission of inherited diseases to
the offspring. Karyomapping is a
universal linkage-based test that has been recently introduced to PGT in the
clinical practice. It utilizes single
nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of individual parents along with a known
disease reference from a family member for identification of the parental
origin of chromosomes and the disease status of the embryos being tested. The
objectives of this study were to first validate Karyomapping technique on
previously known beta globin (HBB) test sample results and then establish as a
sole PGT method for HBB mutation identification in the future.

Materials and Methods First, Karyomapping
protocol was validated on a total of 30 samples with HBB mutation identified by
conventional PGT techniques. Then,
Karyomapping was used on 31 samples as the sole technique to identify HBB
mutation status.

ResultsWe found a high concordance (97%) between the Karyomapping
and conventional PGT results. For five
PGT cycles for HBB mutations and direct Karyomapping PGT four unaffected and
chromosomal normal embryos were transferred resulting two pregnancies.

Conclusion: Karyomapping
technique can reliably detect HBB mutation in clinical cases without a prior test
development in the clinical practice and prevents the transfer of aneuploidy
embryos.
Allele-specific Emulsion PCR (asePCR) as a Liquid Biopsy Method for Residual Tumor Detection
Authors: KARAKAS Bedri 
Published: February 2019

AimThis study aimed to develop an allele-specific emulsion polymerase chain reaction (asePCR)technique for detection of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood plasma of cancer patients. Materials and MethodsGenomic DNA extracted from normal (wild-type) and thyroid cancer (mutant) cell lines (MCF10A and B-CPAP) were used to obtain specific dilution series (spike-in) of mutant DNA with wild-type DNA. Two sequential PCR steps (regular and asePCR) were performed with specifically designed primers for each step to detect the spiked-in mutant DNA fraction within the wild-type normal DNA. The DNA products amplified by regular PCR were used as templates in the asePCR where specific reverse primers were designed to amplify either the mutant or wild-type allele while a common forward primer was covalently bound to the beads. The asePCR reaction mix was encapsulated in water-in-oil emulsion compartments and incubated in a thermocycler with specific PCR program settings. At the end of asePCR reaction, oil compartments were broken and DNA-coated beads were evaluated by FACS to determine the mutant and wild-type fractions for each sample.ResultsThe asePCR technique successfully detected the mutant DNA in the background of wildtype DNA (0% mutant) as a proof-of-principle. A strong correlation (r2&gt;0.99) was found between the expected mutant fraction and the fraction measured by asePCR. asePCR was sensitive and specific enough to consistently detect various low mutant DNA fractions in the background of wild-type DNA with no false positives in the wild-type sample.Discussion and Conclusion Our asePCR can be used to detect mutant ctDNA in the plasma of cancer patients as a liquid biopsy method for tumor response evaluation and early detection of possible relapses.
İnsizyonel Herni Cerrahisinde Açık ve Laparoskopik Yöntemin Karşılaştırılması: Tek Merkez Deneyimi
Authors: ÇELİK Yahya , ERBİL Ozan Andaç 
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Hastanemizde insizyonel
herni nedeniyle açık ve laparoskopik onarım yapılan hastaların sonuçlarını
literatür eşliğinde değerlendirmek.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2012-2016 yılları arasında insizyonel herni nedeniyle opere edilen 250 hastanın sonuçları incelendi. Hastalar laparaskopik yapılanlar
grupI (n:122) , açık yapılan grup II (n:128) olarak ayrıldı. Demografik
özellikleri, ameliyat süresi, yatış süresi, post operatif erken-geç
komplikasyonları ve nüks açısından istatistiksel olarak incelendi.Bulgular:Demografik özelliklerden yaşın açık teknik uygulanan
hastalarda daha yüksek olduğu gözlendi. Perioperatif özellikler ve post
operatif komplikasyonlar açısından açık ve kapalı teknik arasında istatistiksel
açıdan anlamlı fark bulunmadı.Sonuç:

Laparoskopik insizyonel fıtık onarımı, uygun
hastalarda açık teknik kadar güvenli bir şekilde uygulanabilmektedir. Tekniğin
daha standardize edilebilmesi için hala geniş hasta gruplu prospektif kontrollü
çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu kanaatindeyiz.
Cerebellar Dysfunction in an Elderly Male After a Brief Course of Metronidazole
Authors: Kaur Upinder , Kumar Ishan , Singh Anup , Kumar Mukesh , Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra 
Published: February 2019

Background:Metronidazole, a widely used antibacterial and antiprotozoal drug, is often the drug of choice in amoebic liver abscess. The drug, otherwise safe, can cause serious central nervous disturbances in rare circumstances.Case Report:Here, we report a case of cerebellar dysfunction in the form of slurring of speech and episodes of falls, in an elderly male following a three-week course of metronidazole therapy.Results and Conclusion:The patient manifested classic radiologic features of metronidazole neurotoxicity. Marked improvement in clinical symptoms was seen following drug discontinuation.
NF-κB-Induced Upregulation of miR-548as-3p Increases Invasion of NSCLC by Targeting PTEN
Authors: Akgun Sakir , Kucuksayan Hakan , Ozes Osman N. , Can Ozge , Alikanoglu Arsenal S. , Yildiz Mustafa , Akca Hakan 
Published: February 2019

Background:Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is an aggressive cancer type due to high metastatic capacity. Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) is a consistently active transcription factor in malignant lung cancer cells and has crucial significance in NSCLC progression. It is also implicated in the transcriptional regulation of many genes including microRNAs (miRNAs) that function as tumor suppressor or oncogene. It has been increasingly reported that several miRNAs defined as gene members are induced by NF-κB. The present study aimed to find novel miRNAs that are regulated by NF-κB.Methods:Chromatin İmmunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) experiment and bioinformatic analysis were used to determine NF-κB-dependent miRNAs. Western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), luciferase reporter gene assays were carried out to investigate the target genes of miRNAs. To determine biologic activity, transwell invasion and MTT assay were carried out on H1299 NSCLC cell line. miRNA expression level was evaluated in metastatic and non-metastatic tissue samples of NSCLC patients.Results:ChIP-Seq and qRT-PCR experiments showed that miR-548as-3p is transcriptionally regulated by NF- κB in response to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) treatment. Then, we found that tumor suppressor Phosphatase and Tension homolog (PTEN) is a direct target of miR-548as-3p. Furthermore, miR-548as-3p mediates phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and NF-κB-implicated genes including Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), Slug and Zeb1. We further showed that miR-548as-3p increased invasiveness of NSCLC cells and was upregulated in metastatic tumor tissues compared to non-metastatic ones.Conclusion:All these findings provide a miRNAs-mediated novel mechanism for NF-κB signaling and that miR-548as-3p could be a biomarker for NSCLC metastasis.
Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burn Patients in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Molapour Azam , Peymani Amir , Saffarain Parvaneh , Habibollah-Pourzereshki Narges , Rashvand Pooya 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:
Plasmid-induced quinolone resistance has raised a great concern in the
treatment of serious infections worldwide. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic
susceptibility, the frequency of qepA, aac(6')-Ib and qnr genes by PCR and sequencing, and typing
of the resistant isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (REPPCR)
in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infections.

Methods:
In the current cross-sectional study, 149 P. aeruginosa were isolated from the burn
wound samples of patients admitted to Motahari hospital in Tehran, Iran, from February to December
2016. The bacterial isolates were identified using standard laboratory methods and their
antibiotic susceptibility to quinolones was evaluated using the standard Kirby-Bauer method, according
to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The presence of
aac(6')-Ib, qepA, qnrA, qnrB4, qnrB and qnrS genes was assessed using PCR and sequencing
methods and clonal relationship of the resistant isolates was evaluated using REP-PCR method.

Results:
All (100%) isolates showed complete resistance to used quinolone compounds in this
study. The qnr and qepA genes were not found, but all (100%) isolates were positive for the presence
of aac(6')-Ib gene and the sequencing revealed that all (100%) belong to the aac(6')-Ib-cr
variant. REP-PCR showed that the studied isolates belonged to three distinct clones of A (77.9%),
B (18.1%), and C (4%).

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study indicated the presence of aac(6')-Ib-cr variant and
lack of the contribution of qnr and qepA in the emergence of resistance to quinolones in P. aeruginosa
isolated from burn patients. Considering the importance of clonal spread of these resistant
isolates and their significant role in the development of clinical infections, especially in patients
with burns, more attention should be paid to the prevention of the dissemination of these resistant
isolates.
Adrenergic Regulation of Macrophage-Mediated Innate/Inflammatory Responses in Obesity and Exercise in this Condition: Role of β2 Adrenergic Receptors
Authors: Ortega Eduardo , Gálvez Isabel , Martín-Cordero Leticia 
Published: February 2019

Background:The effects of exercise on the innate/inflammatory immune responses are crucially mediated by catecholamines and adrenoreceptors; and mediations in both stimulatory and anti-inflammatory responses have been attributed to them. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are included among low-grade chronic inflammatory pathologies; particularly because patients have a dysregulation of the inflammatory and stress responses, which can lead to high levels of inflammatory cytokines that induce insulin resistance, contributing to the onset or exacerbation of type 2 diabetes. Macrophages play a crucial role in this obesity-induced inflammation. Although most of the antiinflammatory effects of catecholamines are mediated by β adrenergic receptors (particularly β2), it is not known whether in altered homeostatic conditions, such as obesity and during exercise, innate/ inflammatory responses of macrophages to β2 adrenergic stimulation are similar to those in cells of healthy organisms at baseline.Objective:This review aims to emphasize that there could be possible different responses to β2 adrenergic stimulation in obesity, and exercise in this condition.Methods:A revision of the literature based on the hypothesis that obesity affects β2 adrenergic regulation of macrophage-mediated innate/inflammatory responses, as well as the effect of exercise in this context.Conclusion:The inflammatory responses mediated by β2 adrenoreceptors are different in obese individuals with altered inflammatory states at baseline compared to healthy individuals, and exercise can also interfere with these responses. Nevertheless, it is clearly necessary to develop more studies that contribute to widening the knowledge of the neuroimmune regulation process in obesity, particularly in this context.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Herbal Compound for Improving Metabolic Parameters in Diabetic Patients with Uncontrolled Dyslipidemia
Authors: Ghorbani Ahmad , Zarvandi Mahdi , Rakhshandeh Hassan 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a
polyherbal compound consisting of Aloe vera, black seed, fenugreek, garlic, milk thistle, and psyllium
on diabetic patients with uncontrolled dyslipidemia.

Methods:
Fifty patients with type 2 diabetes who had dyslipidemia in spite of statin therapy were randomly
allocated to two groups: control group (n = 25) receiving a conventional therapy with hypolipidemic
and hypoglycemic drugs and intervention group (n = 25) receiving both the conventional therapy
and the herbal compound (one sachet twice daily) for 12 weeks. Each sachet contained 300 mg of
Aloe vera leaf gel, 1.8 g of black seed, 300 mg of garlic, 2.5 g of fenugreek seed, 1 g of psyllium seed,
and 500 mg of milk thistle seed.

Results:
The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and HbA1c
showed a significant in-group improvement in the intervention group. However, the effects of the
herbal compound on fasting blood glucose remained insignificant. The compound had no unwanted
effect on the kidney function parameters (urea, creatinine) and serum liver enzymes (alanine
aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase).

Conclusion:
The tested herbal compound, as an add-on to statin therapy, was effective in lowering the
serum lipids in diabetic patients with uncontrolled dyslipidemia.
The Evaluation of Osteoblastic Cell Behavior on Treated Titanium Surface
Authors: Alencar Maria A. S. De Souza , Martinez Elizabeth F. , Figueiredo Fábio C. , Lima e Silva André R. De , Protazio José E. , Bertamoni Maicon , Peruzzo Daiane C. , Napimoga Marcelo H. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
There are several potential advantages in optimizing the initial events of osseointegration in the benefit of clinical outcome.

Objective:
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of osteoblastic cells on surfaces treated by double acid etching using HNO3 and H2SO4.

Methods:
Commercially pure titanium (grade 4) discs measuring 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were used. The discs were divided into two groups: machined group and double acid-etched discs (HNO3 and H2SO4). Surface characteristics were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were used for cell culture on the tested surfaces to assess proliferation, viability (MTT), as well as secretion (ELISA) and cytoplasmic expression (Western blot) of type I collagen.

Results:
The data obtained were analyzed using t-test or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test at 95% significance. The titanium surfaces showed average roughness values for the machined and treated surfaces of 0.29 and 1.16, respectively (p<0.05). An increase in cell proliferation was observed, which was corroborated by the viability assay. Both type I collagen secretion and intracellular expression were higher on the double acid-etched surface compared to the machine surfaces (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Implant surfaces treated by double acid etching positively affected the early events of the interaction between titanium and osteoblastic cells, suggesting optimization of osseintegration.