bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid measurement and correction of spatiotemporal B0 field changes using FID navigators and a multi‐channel reference image
Authors: Wallace Tess E. , Afacan Onur , Kober Tobias , Warfield Simon K. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo measure spatiotemporal B0 field changes in real time using FID navigators (FIDnavs) and to demonstrate the efficacy of retrospectively correcting high‐resolution ‐weighted images using a novel FIDnav framework.MethodsA forward model of the complex FIDnav signals was generated by simulating the effect of changes in the underlying B0 inhomogeneity coefficients, with spatial encoding provided by a multi‐channel reference image. Experiments were performed at 3T to assess the accuracy of B0 field estimates from FIDnavs acquired from a 64‐channel head coil under different shim settings and in 5 volunteers performing deep‐breathing and nose‐touching tasks designed to modulate the B0 field. Second‐order, in‐plane spherical harmonic (SH) inhomogeneity coefficients estimated from FIDnavs were incorporated into an iterative reconstruction to retrospectively correct 2D gradient‐echo images acquired in both axial and sagittal planes.ResultsSpatiotemporal B0 field changes measured from rapidly acquired FIDnavs were in good agreement with the results of second‐order SH fitting to the measured field maps. FIDnav field estimates accounted for a significant proportion of the ΔB0 variance induced by deep breathing (64 ± 21%) and nose touching (67 ± 34%) across all volunteers. Ghosting, blurring, and intensity modulation artifacts in ‐weighted images, induced by spatiotemporal field changes, were visibly reduced following retrospective correction with FIDnav inhomogeneity coefficients.ConclusionsSpatially resolved B0 inhomogeneity changes up to second order can be characterized in real time using the proposed approach. Retrospective FIDnav correction substantially improves ‐weighted image quality in the presence of strong B0 field modulations, with potential for real‐time shimming.
Black Carp in North America: a Description of Range, Habitats, Time of Year, and Methods of Reported Captures
Authors: Kroboth P. T. , Cox C. L. , Chapman D. C. , Whitledge G. W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus are considered invasive in North America. Since the first wild capture in 2003, collection records have increased, yet information summarizing successful collection methods is lacking. Reported capture methods throughout the Black Carp's native and introduced ranges vary providing minimal aid for determining control and monitoring methods. Here, we describe the current species range and the spatial and temporal variation among captures. The size of fish can affect capture; thus, we report captured fish and gear dimensions and recommend appropriate scientific collection methods. We focus on collection data from 302 Black Carp ranging from 410 to 1,607 mm total length received from 2011 to February 2019. The reported range of Black Carp has expanded in the Cumberland, Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Tennessee rivers. Captures most frequently occurred in channel (41%), side-channel (24%), and backwater (22%) habitat types, with increased records in May, June, and July. Most records were commercial captures, of which hoop net (51%) and gill net (26%) were most common. Results suggest that standard scientific methods for sampling fish in large rivers and standing water by hoop net and gill net may be used to monitor Black Carp, but a robust study design needs to be applied to determine gear selectivity and to determine if catch rates are density dependent or incidental.
Role of the Nutrition Support Clinician on a Hospital Bioethics Committee
Authors: Schwartz Denise Baird , Pavic‐Zabinski Karen , Tull Katherine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHospital bioethics committees comprise a diverse group of healthcare professionals to deal with ethical issues within the institution that arise during patient care. The nutrition support clinicians (NSCs) have an important role on a bioethics committee because of their knowledge and expertise of different nutrition routes and the benefits vs burdens and risks of these modalities, both enteral and parenteral nutrition. Ethics expertise is built on an understanding of ethical principles, when applied in clinical ethics, using critical thinking to prevent ethical dilemmas and to assist in healthcare decision making with a focus on patient‐centered care. The NSCs have the opportunity to address ethics during direct patient care with their participation in the intensive care unit interprofessional rounds, family meetings, and surrogate meetings. Evident in ethical dilemmas is often the lack of advance care planning by patients and their family members concerning healthcare wishes for when the individual is unable to communicate their preferences for life‐sustaining therapies, including nutrition support. NSCs, as hospital bioethics committee members, are able to support the initiative of National Healthcare Decisions Day to help educate other healthcare clinicians and the public about the importance of advance care planning with communication of healthcare wishes and completion of an advance directive. Components addressed in the article are incorporated into a comprehensive ethics case study, highlighting the role of NSCs.
Disturbance observer–based dynamic optimal setting control scheme for processes with nonlinear loops
Authors: Yin Liping , Zhu Pengwei 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with optimal operational control problems that exist in industries. The performance index is optimized by set points reselection on the operational control layer together with controllers design on the loop control layer. Firstly, the operational indices need to be obtained through some optimization algorithms. Secondly, the widely used PID controllers are adopted to achieve performance optimization in the ideal situation. To minimize performance deterioration caused by harmonic disturbances, the disturbance observer–based optimal setting control is proposed for those industrial processes with nonlinear loops. In the proposed method, the controller structure or parameter is never changed, which is accordant with actual industrial conditions. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and convenience of the results.
A new approach to simulate confined, premixed and slow combustion
Authors: Gößnitzer Clemens , Steinrück Herbert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo simulate confined combustion, a new numerical method is presented. Assuming low‐Mach number flow and neglecting viscosity, radiation and heat conduction, the divergence of the velocity field is time‐dependent only. Thus, Helmholtz decomposition of the flow field yields a simpler numerical solution algorithm. This leads to Poisson's equations for the scalar and vector potential. To track the flame front, marker points are distributed along the discontinuity.
The differential distributions of ASPM isoforms and their roles in Wnt signaling, cell cycle progression, and pancreatic cancer prognosis
Authors: Hsu Chung‐Chi , Liao Wen‐Ying , Chan Tze‐Sian , Chen Wei‐Yu , Lee Chung‐Ta , Shan Yan‐Shen , Huang Po‐Jui , Hou Ya‐Chin , Li Chi‐Rong , Tsai Kelvin K 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy. The lack of pathway‐informed biomarkers hampers the development of rational diagnostics or therapies. Recently, the protein abnormal spindle‐like microcephaly‐associated (ASPM) was identified as a novel Wnt and stemness regulator in PDAC, while the pathogenic roles of its protein isoforms remain unclarified. We developed novel isoform‐specific antibodies and genetic knockdown (KD) of putative ASPM isoforms, whereby we uncovered that the levels of ASPM isoform 1 (iI) and ASPM‐iII are variably upregulated in PDAC cells. ASPM isoforms show remarkably different subcellular locations; specifically, ASPM‐iI is exclusively localized to the cortical cytoplasm of PDAC cells, while ASPM‐iII is predominantly expressed in cell nuclei. Mechanistically, ASPM‐iI co‐localizes with disheveled‐2 and active β‐catenin as well as the stemness marker aldehyde dehydrogenase‐1 (ALDH‐1), and its expression is indispensable for the Wnt activity, stemness, and the tumorigenicity of PDAC cells. By contrast, ASPM‐iII selectively regulates the expression level of cyclin E and cell cycle progression in PDAC cells. The expression of ASPM‐iI and ASPM‐iII displays considerable intratumoral heterogeneity in PDAC tissues and only that of ASPM‐iI was prognostically significant; it outperformed ALDH‐1 staining and clinico‐pathological variables in a multivariant analysis. Collectively, the distinct expression patterns and biological functions of ASPM isoforms may illuminate novel molecular mechanisms and prognosticators in PDAC and may pave the way for the development of therapies targeting this novel oncoprotein. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
The transcription factor FOXM1 regulates the balance between proliferation and aberrant differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Roh Vincent , Hiou‐Feige Agnès , Misetic Vinko , Rivals Jean‐Paul , Sponarova Jana , Teh Muy‐Teck , Ferreira Lopes Silvia , Truan Zinnia , Mermod Maxime , Monnier Yan , Hess Jochen , Tolstonog Genrich V , Simon Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSustained expression of FOXM1 is a hallmark of nearly all human cancers including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). HNSCCs partially preserve the epithelial differentiation program, which recapitulates fetal and adult traits of the tissue of tumor origin but is deregulated by genetic alterations and tumor‐supporting pathways. Using shRNA‐mediated knockdown, we demonstrate a minimal impact of FOXM1 on proliferation and migration of HNSCC cell lines under standard cell culture conditions. However, FOXM1 knockdown in three‐dimensional (3D) culture and xenograft tumor models resulted in reduced proliferation, decreased invasion, and a more differentiated‐like phenotype, indicating a context‐dependent modulation of FOXM1 activity in HNSCC cells. By ectopic overexpression of FOXM1 in HNSCC cell lines, we demonstrate a reduced expression of cutaneous‐type keratin K1 and involucrin as a marker of squamous differentiation, supporting the role of FOXM1 in modulation of aberrant differentiation in HNSCC. Thus, our data provide a strong rationale for targeting FOXM1 in HNSCC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of an algorithmic nutritional approach in children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer
Authors: Totadri Sidharth , Trehan Amita , Mahajan Diviyaa , Viani Karina , Barr Ronald , Ladas Elena J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUndernutrition impacts clinical outcome adversely in children with cancer. This study aimed to validate a nutritional algorithm with specific application to the low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) setting.ProcedureFifty children with a new diagnosis of cancer were enrolled in this randomized interventional study. Weight, height/length, and mid‐upper‐arm circumference (MUAC) were measured at baseline. The study arm was administered nutritional care as per the algorithm and the control arm received the institutional standard of care. Weight was monitored regularly and MUAC was repeated after 3 months. Children were classified based on weight for height if <2 years of age or body mass index if ≥2 years, as normal, wasted, and severely wasted. The algorithmic approach comprised administration of oral supplements, nasogastric feeds, and/or parenteral nutrition based on objective assessment of the nutritional status.ResultsFifty patients were analyzed (study: 25, control: 25). Four in the study arm (16%) and six in the control arm (24%) had wasting at baseline. MUAC was <5th percentile in 15 (60%) and 13 (52%) patients in the study and control arms, respectively. At the end of 3 months, the median increment in weight was 0.8 kg (interquartile range [IQR]: –0.02; 2.00) and 0.0 kg (IQR: –0.70; 1.25) in the study and control arms, respectively (P = .153). The median increment in MUAC was 1.20 cm (IQR: 0.10; 2.30) and 0.00 cm (IQR: –0.50; 1.10) in the study and control arms, respectively (P = .020).ConclusionsThe application of an algorithm designed for use in LMICs resulted in significant improvement in nutritional status, as measured by MUAC.
A theoretical exploration and regulating about the excited state process for 2‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one system
Authors: Wang Yusheng , Zhang Qiaoli , Xu Kai , Jiang Weifen , Yang Dapeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present work, density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods have been performed to explore the ground‐state and excited‐state intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions for 2‐(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (2‐DHC) system. We demonstrate that the intramolecular hydrogen bond formed in the ground state should be strengthened in the first single excited state by comparing the bond parameters and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra, which provides the possibility for excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. The calculations about hydrogen bonding energy further confirm the strengthening hydrogen bond. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) around hydrogen bonding moieties upon photoexcitation promotes the ability to attract hydrogen proton, which reveals the ESIPT tendency. In view of four different polarities solvents, we construct the potential energy curves along with ESIPT path and search the transition state (TS) structure for ESIPT reaction. We clarify the ESIPT mechanism for 2‐DHC molecule, based on which we also present the ESIPT reaction could be regulated and controlled by solvent polarity.
Microflames for the surface treatment of polymers
Authors: Holländer Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolyethylene (PE) films were treated with flame pulses for a confined activation of the surface. Acetylene, ethene, and butane were used in various mixing ratios with oxygen. The gas mixture was fed through a 0.5 mm stainless steel capillary, which was placed close to the surface of the film. An electrical spark was used to ignite the gas. A single flame pulse suffices to oxidize the polymer surface to an oxygen concentration of 26 at% (XPS). The profile of the oxygen concentration was analyzed by XPS and revealed full width at half maximum values down to 2.8 mm. The treatment of pieces of sintered PE powder (nominal pore size, 80 µm) showed that the surface oxidation penetrates several millimeters into the pore system.
Carbon Nanodot–Based Fluorescent Method for Virus DNA Analysis with Isothermal Strand Displacement Amplification
Authors: Yang Dawei , Guo Zhenzhen , Wang Jing , Jin Yakang , Mei Qian , Miao Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, a fluorescent method is developed for ultrasensitive detection of virus DNA, coupling DNA‐modified carbon nanodots (CDs) and an isothermal amplification technology. The sensitivity is significantly improved with cyclic strand displacement polymerization and highly luminescent CDs. Taking the hemagglutinin7 (H7) gene and neuraminidase 9 (N9) gene as examples, the limits of detection are 4.6 × 10−15 and 3.4 × 10−15 m, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method is highly selective and capable of detecting target sequences in biological samples, indicating great potential for applications in life science research and clinical diagnosis.
Safety climate factors at selected chemical manufacturing plant in Malaysia
Authors: Zakaria Junaidah , Che Hassan Che Rosmani , Hamid Mahar Diana , Sukadarin Ezrin Hani 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStatistics in Malaysia show accident cases in the manufacturing industry is the highest as compared to another sector. The concept of safety climate gained interest in many industries as a means of reducing accident. This study assessed workers' perceptions toward safety climate factors, management commitment, communication, a priority of safety, safety rules procedures, social environment, supportive environment, involvement, personal priorities and need for safety, personal appreciation of risk, physical work environment, and lastly top management's commitment and priority. Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit and Zohar Safety Climate Questionnaires were used in this study. A cross‐sectional sample of 309 workers participated. Lowest total mean score was for a personal appreciation of risk (M = 5.41, SD = 1.03), supportive environment (M = 6.61, SD = 0.82), and physical work environment (M = 6.74, SD = 1.24). There was a significant difference between production and nonproduction workers for their perceptions toward involvement in safety (Z = 15.579, P < .001). From the correlation test, age, gender, education level, shift work, and the group were significantly correlated with the nine dimensions of safety climate. Lastly, workers' perception of how management prioritized safety is generally good. A total mean score is (4.89) from the 16 items of Zohar safety climate questionnaire which covers declarative, proactive, and active practices of their management.
Robust resilient control for parametric strict feedback systems with prescribed output and virtual tracking errors
Authors: Gao Shigen , Dong Hairong , Zheng Wei 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the robust resilient control problem for a class of parametric strict feedback nonlinear systems with prescribed output and virtual tracking errors performance. The resilience is governed by a continuously nonlinear control gains function, which endows the virtual and actual controllers with self‐adjusting abilities with respect to transformed error surfaces. The proposed control scheme is adaptation, estimation, and approximation‐free in the presence of unknown parameters and nonlinearities, and only a number of control gains, which is equal to the relative degree of the considered plants, need to be selected in applications. It is proved by rigorous analysis that the output tracking errors are confined in predefined prescribed performance functions under some nonrestrictive initial conditions, and the bounds of states are obtained characterized as control gains and systemic function‐associated constants. Finally, comparative illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A neural composite dynamic surface control for pure‐feedback systems with unknown control gain signs and full state constraints
Authors: Liu Wei , Ma Qian , Lu Junwei , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Zhengqiang 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates a composite neural dynamic surface control (DSC) method for a class of pure‐feedback nonlinear systems in the case of unknown control gain signs and full‐state constraints. Neural networks are utilized to approximate the compound unknown functions, and the approximation errors of neural networks are applied in the design of updated adaptation laws. Comparing the proposed composite approximation method with the conventional ones, a faster and better approximation performance result can be obtained. Combining the composite neural networks approximation with the DSC technique, an improved composite neural adaptive control approach is designed for the considered nonlinear system. Then, together with the Lyapunov stability theory, all the variables of the closed‐loop system are semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded. The infringements of full state constraints can be avoided in the case of unknown control gain signs as well as unknown disturbances. Finally, two simulation examples show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed results.
A robust constrained model predictive control scheme for norm‐bounded uncertain systems with partial state measurements
Authors: Franzè G. , Mattei M. , Ollio L. , Scordamaglia V. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA robust model predictive control scheme for a class of constrained norm‐bounded uncertain discrete‐time linear systems is developed under the hypothesis that only partial state measurements are available for feedback. The proposed strategy involves a two‐phase procedure. Initialization phase is devoted to determining an admissible, though not optimal, linear memoryless controller capable to formally address the input rate constraint; then, during on‐line phase, predictive capabilities complement the designed controller by means of N steps free control actions in a receding horizon fashion. These additive control actions are obtained by solving semidefinite programming problems subject to linear matrix inequalities constraints. As computational burden grows linearly with the control horizon length, an example is developed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for realistic control problems: the design of a flight control law for a flexible unmanned over‐actuated aircraft, where the states of the flexibility dynamics are not measurable, is discussed, and a numerical implementation of the controller within a nonlinear simulation environment testifies the validity of the proposed approach and the possibility to implement the algorithm on an onboard computer.
Adaptation of an assessment system for establishing a River Physical Quality Index and testing its effectiveness with fish‐based metrics in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Casey Keat‐Chuan , Ooi Peter Aun‐Chuan , Wong Wey‐Lim , Khoo Gideon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study shows how the Stream Visual Assessment Protocol Version 2 that originated from United States was readapted to formulate the River Physical Quality Index (RPQI) for Malaysia. The approach emphasizes that it is not necessary to “reinvent the wheel” as globally, there are already a range of established best practices in developed countries to emulate. The proposed RPQI protocol was tested on four eco‐hydrological zones in Kampar River for 18 months to measure and detect temporal and spatial physical impairment induced by natural and anthropogenic factors. To be relevant to the Malaysian context, local fish community structure metrics were deployed to test and validate RPQI sensitivity and effectiveness. The results showed that RPQI values were able to reflect river physical degradation and correlated strongly with most fish‐based metrics. However, the RPQI values were weakly linked to fish population abundance and evenness metrics. The results implied that species niche responses need to be considered when applied for testing river assessment system, particularly when introduced species are present. The novel insights provided herein are constructive to inform similar endeavours in other Southeast Asia tropical countries for testing river physical assessment systems with biological metrics.