bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deglaciation history of Lake Ladoga (northwestern Russia) based on varved sediments
Authors: Gromig Raphael , Wagner Bernd , Wennrich Volker , Fedorov Grigory , Savelieva Larisa , Lebas Elodie  , Krastel Sebastian , Brill Dominik , Andreev Andrei , Subetto Dmitry , Melles Martin 
Published: February 2019

Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia is Europe's largest lake. The postglacial history of the Ladoga basin is for the first time documented continuously with high temporal resolution in the upper 13.3 m of a sediment core (Co1309) from the northwestern part of the lake. We applied a multiproxy approach including radiographic imaging, (bio‐)geochemical and granulometric analyses. Age control was established combining radiocarbon dating with varve chronology, the latter anchored to a correlated radiocarbon age from a lake close by. The age‐depth model reveals the onset of glacial varve sedimentation at 13 910±140 cal. a BP, when Lake Ladoga was part of the Baltic Ice Lake. Linear extrapolation of published retreat rates of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet provides a formation age of the Luga moraine close to Lake Ladoga's southern shore of 14.5–15.9 cal. ka BP, older than previously assumed. Varve sedimentation covers the Bølling/Allerød interstadial, the Younger Dryas stadial and the Early Holocene. Varve‐thickness variations, conjoined with grain‐size and geochemical variations, inform about the relative position of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet and the climate during the deglaciation phase. The upper limit of the varved succession marks the change from glaciolacustrine to normal lacustrine sedimentation and post‐dates the drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake as well as the formation of the Salpausselkä II moraine north of Lake Ladoga, by c. 250 years. The Holocene sediment record is divided into three periods in the following order: (i) a lower transition zone between the Holocene boundary and c. 9.5 cal. ka BP, characterized by mostly massive sediments with low organic content, (ii) a phase with increased organic content from c. 9.5 to 4.5 cal. ka BP corresponding to the Holocene Thermal Maximum, and (iii) a phase with relatively stable sedimentation in a lacustrine environment from c. 4.5 cal. ka BP until present.
The effect of an organ procurement experience on preclinical medical student perceptions of transplant surgery
Authors: Feinstein Max A. , Marcus Sivan G. , Amara Dominic P. , Durcanova Beata , Roll Garrett R. , Orandi Babak J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTransplant surgery is a predominantly male specialty with high burnout rates. There are currently limited data regarding how programs can attract a diverse applicant pool to the field of transplant surgery. This study evaluated the effect of an Organ Procurement Experience elective on preclinical medical students' perceptions of transplant surgery in a prospective, longitudinal study. Preclinical medical students were anonymously surveyed before and after attending a deceased donor organ procurement. Questions focused on the following themes: Personal Beliefs, Personal/Professional Life, Diversity, and Gender Equality. Responses were rated on a five‐point Likert scale. Ninety‐nine and 45 students completed pre/post‐procurement survey, respectively. Post‐procurement responses demonstrated increased education about the field (2.1/5 vs 3.89/5, P < 0.001) and perceptions of the personalities and collegiality between surgeons (3.06/5 vs 3.73/5, P = 0.005). Post‐procurement, women were less likely to feel that female transplant surgeons are treated differently (3.98/5 vs. 3.45/5, P < 0.017). Post‐procurement, 19% agreed that transplant surgeons have a high quality of life. One percent of respondents felt the current gender distribution in transplant surgery is satisfactory. The Organ Procurement Experience significantly improved preclinical students’ perceptions of the field. However, there remains a strong concern about quality of life and gender diversity within the field.
Tau positron emission tomography imaging in C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers
Authors: Ly C. V. , Koenig L. , Christensen J. , Gordon B. , Beaumont H. , Dahiya S. , Chen J. , Su Y. , Nelson B. , Jockel‐Balsarotti J. , Drain C. , Jerome G. , Morris J. C. , Fagan A. M. , Harms M. B. , Benzinger T. L. S. , Miller T. M. , Ances B. M. 
Published: February 2019

Background and purposeAV‐1451 (18F‐AV‐1451, flortaucipir) positron emission tomography was performed in C9orf72 expansion carriers to assess tau accumulation and disease manifestation.MethodsNine clinically characterized C9orf72 expansion carriers and 18 age‐ and gender‐ matched cognitively normal individuals were psychometrically evaluated and underwent tau positron emission tomography imaging. The regional AV‐1451 standard uptake value ratios from multiple brain regions were analyzed. Spearman correlation was performed to relate the AV‐1451 standard uptake value ratio to clinical, psychometric and cerebrospinal fluid measures.ResultsC9orf72 expansion carriers had increased AV‐1451 binding in the entorhinal cortex compared to controls. Primary age‐related tauopathy was observed postmortem in one patient. AV‐1451 uptake did not correlate with clinical severity, disease duration, psychometric performance or cerebrospinal fluid markers.ConclusionC9orf72 expansion carriers exhibited increased AV‐1451 uptake in entorhinal cortex compared to cognitively normal controls, suggesting a propensity for primary age‐related tauopathy. However, AV‐1451 accumulation was not associated with psychometric performance in our cohort.
Yield modeling for prediction of regional whole‐crop barley productivity
Authors: Guan Leran , Peng Jinglun , Han Kunjun , Sung Kyungil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRice production has surpassed market demand in South Korea, and it is necessary to diversify the inputs of available agricultural resources from rice production to forage or other more demanded grains. This research was conducted to develop a yield predictive model of whole‐crop barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) based on climatic data in South Korea. A data set (n = 290) containing dry matter yield (DMY), cultivated locations and climatic variables was developed based on collected research reports. With DMY as the response variable, three optimal climatic variables including spring accumulated temperature (SAT), period to accumulated temperature 150°C (PAT150) and spring duration of sunshine (SDS) were selected through the stepwise approach of multiple regression analysis. Subsequently, through the general linear model, the yield predictive model including the three climatic variables and cultivated locations was constructed. The adjusted R2 of the model was 51.6%. Meanwhile, the model was tested through residual diagnostics and cross‐validation. The selection of SAT, PAT150 and SDS confirmed that the growth and development of autumn‐seeded whole‐crop barley were active in the next spring in South Korea, while the coefficient of determination of the model was lower than anticipated since only considering climatic variables. In the future research, a new model with higher interpretability might be developed via increasing data size, adopting more environmental variables or constructing the models for each location individually instead of pooling their data together.
Cutaneous findings in Bardet‐Biedl syndrome
Authors: Haws Robert M. , McIntee Thomas J. , Green Clayton B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundBardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare, pleiotropic syndrome and member of a diverse group of disorders known as ciliopathies. Improved understanding of dermatoses in BBS will further understanding of the syndrome and will help define the role of dermatologists in providing care for patients with BBS. The purpose of this study was to describe the cutaneous phenotype of BBS in patients attending a large, multispecialty BBS clinic.MethodsAll patients attending the multispecialty BBS Clinic at the Marshfield Medical Center over a 12‐month period were invited to participate. Complete cutaneous examinations were performed by a board‐certified dermatologist, and comprehensive physical examinations were performed by clinic physicians. Molecular genetic results were obtained when available. Comprehensive laboratory studies were performed in each patient including fasting blood sugar and thyroid and renal function.ResultsThirty‐one individuals ranging in age between 2 and 69 years (median age, 12 years) participated in the study. Cutaneous findings were present in all subjects. Keratosis pilaris was present in 80.6% of subjects, and seborrheic dermatitis was present in 19.3%. Obesity, a cardinal feature of BBS, was present in the majority of subjects (90.3%) and was accompanied by known obesity‐related dermatologic disorders.ConclusionsCutaneous disorders are common in BBS and suggest disturbance of keratinization and keratinocyte function as well as systemic consequences of BBS on skin health. Increased prevalence of skin barrier dysfunction in this ciliopathy demonstrates the importance of dermatologist contribution to health care in BBS.
High temperature mechanical behavior of porous ceria and ceria‐based solid‐oxide fuel cells
Authors: Stanley Patrick , Hays Thomas , Langdo Tom , Gore Colin , Wachsman Eric D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiple environment mechanical testing of solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and SOFC materials is critical to ensure appropriate compressive sealing in stack designs. Establishing the effects of temperature, environment, and porosity on the flexural strength of ceria‐based SOFCs is a significant step toward practical deployment of the technology. This article presents research into these properties by use of a temperature and atmosphere controlled 3‐point bend fixture capable of reaching Intermediate Temperature (IT)‐SOFC operating conditions (650°C). Gadolinium‐doped ceria (GDC) samples with varying porosity and pore geometry were tested and it was determined that more spherical porosity contributed to improved flexural strength as compared with higher aspect ratio porosity. A linear strengthening effect was also observed with increasing temperature from ambient to 650°C for GDC‐based anode support layers and half‐cell samples. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on fracture surfaces to identify fracture modes and to examine internal pore structures. Directionality of the applied stress with respect to the layered microstructure was found to have no measurable impact on mechanical properties in air, but orientation had a significant impact on strength of cells with reduced anodes. Additionally, with the support of thermogravimetric analysis, it was determined that after reduction, exposure to oxygen below 100°C does not influence mechanical properties of the cells.
Factors associated with foot ulcer self‐management behaviours among hospitalised patients with diabetes
Authors: Chin Yen‐Fan , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Hsu Brend Ray‐Sea , Weng Li‐Chueh , Wang Chih‐Ching 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine prehospitalised diabetes‐related foot ulcer (DFU) self‐management behaviours and explore the factors associated with these behaviours.BackgroundAlthough there are many studies that explore DFU prevention and treatment, to our knowledge, there are no quantitative studies of DFU self‐management behaviours.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsFrom June 2015–June 2016, 199 hospitalised patients with DFU were given a survey questionnaire at a medical centre in northern Taiwan. DFU self‐management behaviours, diabetes foot self‐care behaviours, beliefs in regard to barriers to DFU self‐management behaviours, and knowledge regarding warning signs of DFU deterioration were assessed by well‐designed measurement tools. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist was used to ensure quality reporting during this observational study (see Supporting Information Appendix ).ResultsThe results revealed that 62.8% of participants never monitored their blood glucose level when they had foot ulcers, and 63.8% never sought treatment for their wounds when their wounds were not painful. After controlling for demographic and medical variables, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the following eight significant variables were associated with DFU self‐management behaviours: two DFU self‐management barrier beliefs, foot self‐care behaviour, no treatment for diabetes, poor financial status, employment, knowledge regarding the warning signs of DFU deterioration, and number of DFU hospitalisations.ConclusionsDiabetes‐related foot ulcer self‐management behaviours were insufficient. Some modifiable factors and high‐risk groups for insufficient DFU self‐management behaviour were identified.Relevance to clinical practiceDiabetes‐related foot ulcer self‐management behaviours should be promoted. Interventions that modify the risk factors that were identified in this study can be designed to promote the performance of DFU self‐management behaviours.
Electoral violence under different contexts. Evidence from the Western Balkans
Authors: Mochtak Michal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe paper addresses the question of what settings are empirically relevant for the occurrence of electoral violence in the region of Western Balkans and what theoretical paths may cover their logic. Electoral violence has been part of the electoral arenas in the region for decades and although it has evolved and in some cases disappeared, a number of countries still experience it. The paper analyses original data on electoral violence collected from the OSCE monitoring reports covering fifty‐six parliamentary elections organized between 1990 and 2015. Applying fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the paper identifies four sub‐models under which electoral violence is observed. The conjunctural logic that defines each and every of the discussed paths within the sub‐models shows that the scenarios of electoral violence in the Western Balkans are always complex and potentially relevant conditions are never sufficient for the outcome on their own.
Between ideology and practice, national conflict and anti‐imperialist struggle: the National Liberation League in Palestine
Authors: Jacobson Abigail 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the National Liberation League (NLL), a Palestinian Arab communist movement which operated in Palestine between the years 1943–1948. The paper examines its short‐lived history in light of the relevant three contexts in which it operated: the local Palestinian national context; the regional context of communist activity in the Middle East and the external‐internationalist context of the Soviet Union. The paper further discusses the activities of the NLL during the period of the 1948 War in Palestine, as well as in the first period of military rule, imposed on the Palestinian citizens of Israel. An analysis of the NLL during the late Mandatory period and the early years of the State of Israel allows a close examination of the ways by which concepts of identity, nationalism, class and ethnicity were conceptualised, debated and contested during times of a national conflict and anti‐imperial struggle and brings to the fore tensions between ideology and practice, nationalism and internationalism. The NLL offers an important opportunity to look into the complex matrix of communist movements that combine anti‐imperial struggles with struggles for national liberation in the context of a national conflict and to examine their dilemmas and what may seem as internal contradictions.
Ameliorating effects of optimized gastric electrical stimulation and mechanisms involving nerve growth factor and opioids in a rodent model of gastric hypersensitivity
Authors: Dong Yan , Li Shiying , Yin Jieyun , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been applied to treat gastric motility disorders for decades. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of GES for visceral hypersensitivity in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia (FD).MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rat pups at 10‐days old received 0.1% iodoacetamide (IA) daily for 6 days. The experiments were performed when the rats reached 8‐11 weeks of age, and visceral hypersensitivity was established. Then, GES parameters were optimized and the chronic effects of GES on gastric hypersensitivity were assessed by electromyogram (EMG). Naloxone (3 mg/kg), D‐Phe‐Cys‐Tyr‐D‐Trp‐Orn‐Thr‐Pen‐Thr‐NH2 (CTOP, 1 mg/kg), and anti‐NGF (16 μg/kg) were individually intraperitoneally injected to investigate opioid and nerve growth factor (NGF) mechanisms. Tissues were analyzed for NGF expression.Key ResultsIn the IA‐treated rats, the visceromotor response to gastric distension was significantly increased, and both acute GES with optimized stimulation parameters (0.25 seconds on, 0.25 seconds off, 100 Hz, 0.25 ms, 6 mA) and chronic GES (7 days, 2 hours/day) normalized gastric hypersensitivity. The inhibitory effect of GES on gastric hypersensitivity was blocked by naloxone and CTOP. Anti‐NGF normalized EMG responses in IA‐treated rats. The expressions of NGF in the tissues of IA‐treated rats were dramatically increased, and these increases were suppressed with GES.Conclusions and InferencesGES with optimized parameters improves gastric hypersensitivity induced by neonatal treatment of IA mediated peripherally by suppressing NGF and via the opioid mechanism involving the µ receptor. GES as a potential therapy for treating visceral pain may be explored in clinical studies.
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides in a pediatric patient mimicking black dot tinea capitis
Authors: Wang Rebecca F. , Sokumbi Olayemi , Chiu Yvonne E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImmunosuppression following organ transplantation is a known risk factor for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. Mycosis fungoides, a rare entity in pediatric patients, has seldom been reported as a post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. We report a case of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides in a pediatric patient following liver transplantation that was initially diagnosed as tinea capitis.
Therapeutic burden in interstitial lung disease: Lessons to learn
Authors: Khor Yet H. , Glaspole Ian , Goh Nicole S.L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivePatients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are often prescribed disease‐targeted and symptomatic therapies, both of which can cause significant treatment burden due to polypharmacy and drug–disease interactions. This study aimed to evaluate medication regimen complexity before and after introduction of ILD‐specific therapies. Potential drug–disease interactions were evaluated for patients who were prescribed prednisolone.MethodsIn this study, 214 patients with ILD were assessed for demographic information, co‐morbidities and medication use. Medication lists were reviewed prior to and after the introduction of ILD‐specific therapies. Complexity of treatment regimen was examined using the validated Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI).ResultsOf the 214 patients, 75 had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) while the rest had inflammatory ILD (chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: 45; connective tissue disease‐related ILD: 41). Polypharmacy was common at baseline (IPF: 51%, inflammatory ILD: 63%). Following introduction of ILD‐specific therapies, median total MRCI scores significantly increased from 8 (interquartile range (IQR) = 8–15) to 22.5 (17.5–27.5) and 14.5 (8.5–21) to 21.5 (16–30) for IPF and inflammatory ILD groups, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both). Complex dosing instructions contributed the most to total MRCI scores for ILD‐specific therapies. Among patients receiving prednisolone (n = 113), 88% had ≥1 co‐morbidity which may be impacted. Common co‐morbidities included gastrointestinal diseases (56%), obesity (37%), osteoporosis (24%) and diabetes mellitus (18%).ConclusionPolypharmacy and complex medication regimen are common in patients with ILD of different aetiologies. There is a high frequency of potential drug–disease interactions among patients who are prescribed systemic corticosteroids. These findings highlight the need for careful evaluation of the impact of therapeutic complexity and burden in patients with ILD.
The Political Consequences of Nativism: The Impact of Nativist Sentiment on Party Support*
Authors: Davis Nicholas T. , Goidel Kirby , Lipsmeyer Christine S. , Whitten Guy D. , Young Clifford 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveScholars have noted the increase in nativist sentiment in political debates in both the United States and across Europe. However, how these changes have affected voting behavior and political party support is less clear. In this article, we ask how relevant nativist attitudes are when making voting decisions across party systems in the United States and Europe. Are these sentiments pushing out other drivers of vote choice, and if so, what are the ramifications for democratic governance?MethodWe present hypotheses about the impact of nativist sentiments that follow logically from the theories on spatial models of politics and political economy models of politics. We use a series of multinomial logit models on survey data from Great Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States to estimate the impact of nativist sentiments on support for political parties in 2016.ResultsWe find support for all three of our hypotheses. Not surprisingly, there is a strong positive relationship between nativist sentiments and support for nativist parties. There is some variation, however, in terms of whether this increase in support for nativist parties comes at the expense of ideologically adjacent parties (as expected from spatial models of politics) or from parties of the left (as expected from political economy models of politics).ConclusionsNativist sentiments were major drivers of support for political parties in 2016. Although more nativist sentiments drive voters in all cases examined toward nativist political parties, there is substantial variation across nations in terms of which parties lose support. The latter findings should be the focus of future studies.