bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Healthcare Workers by Educational Attainment
Authors: Mroz Tracy M , Dunlap Ben S , Frogner Bianca K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers with less formal education (e.g., nursing assistants, home care aides) versus more formal education (e.g., physicians, nurses) were more likely to experience economic insecurity, the real and/or perceived risk of financial losses. Given the unprecedented impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers, we sought to describe economic insecurity among these workers during the pandemic. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey from July 2021 to July 2023, we examined economic insecurity among healthcare workers by educational attainment. Higher proportions of healthcare workers with an associate degree or below reported difficulty paying usual expenses, food insufficiency, and being behind on rent/mortgage payments compared to healthcare workers with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Accounting for other sociodemographic characteristics, higher educational attainment was associated with significantly lower odds of economic insecurity. Since the public health emergency has ended and temporary policies to support low wage workers during the pandemic have sunsetted, targeted policies to promote economic security among financially vulnerable low wage workers are critical to enable recruitment and retention of these essential healthcare workers.
Non-government advocacy for health equity: evidence from Australia
Authors: Musolino Connie , Freeman Toby , Flavel Joanne , Baum Fran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify non-governmental organizations (NGOs) advocating for policy and practices to address rising health inequities in Australia. NGOs can play a critical role in shaping and influencing governance processes including public policy relating to the social and commercial determinants of health inequities. However, scholarship on who the NGOs are that are advocating to address health inequities in Australia and how they operate is sparse. Through desktop analysis in 2022, we searched NGO websites and documents for evidence of advocacy activities related to health inequities between 2017 and 2022. A database of the NGOs was compiled, noting the type of organization, function, advocacy activities and main issues their advocacy covered. A total of 137 NGOs were identified as engaging in activities advocating for change to address health inequities either directly (e.g. advocating directly to address health inequities) or indirectly (e.g. advocating on social determinants of health inequities such as housing and linking to their unequal health impacts). We noted the primary issues they advocated on, including topic categories: risk factor, disease-specific, broader health system, social determinants of health equity, and health workforce and service issues. The results indicate that Australian NGOs from multiple sectors are active in advocacy to address heath inequities on a variety of topics and through a variety of activities. This study provides a template for similar studies in other countries and suggests further research is needed to understand the role and impact of civil society advocacy to address growing health inequities.
Uplift of genetic diagnosis of rare respiratory disease using airway epithelium transcriptome analysis
Authors: Legebeke Jelmer , Wheway Gabrielle , Baker Lee , Wai Htoo A , Walker Woolf T , Thomas N Simon , Coles Janice , Jackson Claire L , Holloway John W , Lucas Jane S , Baralle Diana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rare genetic respiratory disease has an incidence rate of more than 1:2500 live births in Northern Europe and carries significant disease burden. Early diagnosis improves outcomes, but many individuals remain without a confident genetic diagnosis. Improved and expanded molecular testing methods are required to improve genetic diagnosis rates and thereby improve clinical outcomes. Using primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) as an exemplar rare genetic respiratory disease, we developed a standardized method to identify pathogenic variants using whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of nasal epithelial cells cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI). The method was optimized using cells from healthy volunteers, and people with rhino-pulmonary disease but no diagnostic indication of PCD. We validated the method using nasal epithelial cells from PCD patients with known genetic cause. We then assessed the ability of RNA-seq to identify pathogenic variants and the disease mechanism in PCD likely patients but in whom DNA genetic testing was inconclusive. The majority of 49 targeted PCD genes were optimally identified in RNA-seq data from nasal epithelial cells grown for 21 days at ALI culture. Four PCD-likely patients without a previous genetic diagnosis received a confirmed genetic diagnosis from the findings of the RNA-seq data. We demonstrate the clinical potential of RNA-seq of nasal epithelial cells to identify variants in individuals with genetically unsolved PCD. This uplifted genetic diagnosis should improve genetic counselling, enables family cascade screening, opens the door to potential personalised treatment and care approaches. This methodology could be implemented in other rare lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
Shedding light on trawl fishing activity in the Mediterranean Sea with remote sensing data
Authors: Marsaglia Luca , Parisi Antonio , Libralato Simone , Miller Nathan A , Davis Pete , Paolo Fernando S , Fiorentino Fabio , Garofalo Germana , Costantini Marco , Russo Tommaso 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study uses Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) vessel detections and Automatic Identification System (AIS) to predict trawl fishing intensity and distribution of fishing activity in areas where public AIS data are not available. By processing SAR data, considering spatial and temporal autocorrelation, and building a General Additive Model, a statistical relationship between SAR vessel detections and AIS fishing activity was established. The study provides spatially explicit estimates of trawler fishing activity, compared with official fleet records published by the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean, revealing the distribution and intensity of trawl fishing activity not previously publicly tracked. Fishing grounds in the Strait of Sicily along the coast of Tunisia and North of Egypt showed an intensity of trawl fishing activity similar to the Adriatic Sea. This area is historically known to be subject to the highest trawling pressure in the Mediterranean, and also as one of the most heavily trawled regions in the world. The study shows that the integration of remote sensing data, such as SAR, offers a promising avenue to overcome data gaps and improve fisheries management in the Mediterranean where only a portion of the fishing fleet is publicly tracked.
Medication shortage behaviour change with multidisciplinary clinician-designed digital notification intervention
Authors: Teo Melissa , Stretton Brandon , Booth Andrew E C , Satheakeerthy Shrirajh , Howson Sarah , Evans Shaun , Kovoor Joshua , Fu Sarah , McNeil Keith , Menz Bradley , Gupta Aashray , Gibson Kieran , Tan Sheryn , Chan Weng Onn , Maddison John , Gluck Samuel , Gilbert Toby , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of a clinician-designed digital notification system on the use of intravenous paracetamol during a medication shortage.

Methods
An in-house digital notification platform was designed through multidisciplinary collaboration. A 4-week pre- and post-implementation methodology was employed to evaluate the effect of the intervention.

Key findings
There was significantly lower use of intravenous paracetamol in the post-implementation period compared to the pre-implementation period (median 80 doses per day, interquartile range 58 to 93, vs 94, interquartile range 83 to 122, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Multidisciplinary clinician-designed digital notification platforms may assist during times of medication shortage.
The first fossil chylizine fly (Diptera: Psilidae) with a discussion on the ages of related fossil Acalyptratae
Authors: Ross Andrew J , Zhou Jiale , Hoffeins Christel , Crighton Bill 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first fossil rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae) from the Insect Bed of the Bembridge Marls of the Isle of Wight is also the first known fossil record of the subfamily Chylizinae. It is late Eocene: Priabonian in age, 34.2 Ma. Chyliza colenutti Ross, Zhou, Hoffeins & Crighton, sp. nov. is compared with 30 extant species of Chyliza and differs from them in having a relatively long 2nd basal cell compared to the discal cell. Some other fossil Acalyptratae records are reviewed and their probable ages updated. The phylogenetic position of the Psilidae is currently uncertain so the family may have appeared anytime from 70–40 million years ago.
Use of echinocandins combined with clindamycin in Pneumocystis pneumonia: a case series of 14 patients
Authors: Bilbao Idoia , Pineda Abel de la Cruz Iñigo , de Asís Carmona-Torre Francisco , Rodríguez-Mateos Mariano , Yuste Ara José Ramón , del Pozo Jose L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) is an opportunistic infection for which the standard of care is co-trimoxazole. However, safety concerns and intolerance may compromise its utility.

Objectives
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of echinocandins and clindamycin to treat PcP.

Patients and methods
We investigated 14 patients treated with a co-trimoxazole-free combined regimen that included echinocandins and clindamycin.

Results
Clinical cure was achieved in 8 out of 14 patients, while 5 had a fatal outcome due to their primary disease; however, only one patient died due to PcP.

Conclusions
Echinocandin and clindamycin may be a safe and effective alternative treatment for patients who cannot be given co-trimoxazole for PcP.
Dynamics of blood Taurine concentration and its correlation with nutritional and physiological status during the fattening period of Japanese black cattle
Authors: Takai Shuntaro , Lee Huseong , Kim Minji , Torii Shinichiro , Nishihara Koki , Oh Joonpyo , Masaki Tatsunori , Ikuta Kentaro , Iwamoto Eiji , Masuda Kota , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Terada Fuminori , Haga Satoshi , Roh Sanggun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Taurine, biosynthesized from methionine or cysteine in the liver, plays a crucial regulatory role in bile acid conjugation, antioxidant effects, and glucose and cholesterol metabolism. This may influence the metabolic changes associated with fat accumulation in beef cattle. However, the physiological role of taurine in this species has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the physiological role of taurine in Japanese Black steers (Bos taurus) in different phases during the fattening period. To examine the correlation among plasma taurine concentrations, various physiological parameters, and genes related to taurine synthesis in the liver, we used biopsied liver tissues, blood samples, and rumen fluids collected from 21 steers at three different stages, i.e., early (T1; 13 mo of age), middle (T2; 20 mo of age), and late (T3; 28 mo of age) phases. Additionally, to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression profile of taurine synthesis genes, primary bovine hepatocytes obtained from 4-wk-old Holstein calves were treated with palmitate, oleate, acetate, propionate, or β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Plasma taurine and cholesterol concentrations significantly (P &lt; 0.001) increased in the T2 phase, which is potentially attributable to increased energy intake and assimilation induced by increased intake of concentrated feed. Cysteine-sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) expression significantly increased (P &lt; 0.01) in T2 than in other phases. The expression levels of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than in T3; moreover, the CDO1/glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T2 than in T1. Plasma taurine concentrations were positively correlated with plasma methionine (r = 0.51; P &lt; 0.05) and total cholesterol (r = 0.56; P &lt; 0.05) concentrations at T2. Relative CDO1 mRNA expression was upregulated in cultured bovine hepatocytes treated with oleate and propionate, whereas it was downregulated upon acetate treatment. These findings indicate that the increase in plasma taurine concentrations in the T2 phase is associated with changes in lipid and methionine metabolism in Japanese Black steers.
Sex hormone deficiency in male and female mice expressing the Alzheimer’s disease-associated risk-factor TREM2 R47H variant impacts the musculoskeletal system in a sex- and genotype-dependent manner
Authors: Pianeta Roquelina , Deosthale Padmini , Sanz Natasha , Kohler Rachel , Okpara Chiebuka , Arnett Matthew , Asad Iqra , Rogers Amber , Gerbig Madison , Essex Alyson , Liu Ziyue , Wallace Joseph M , Plotkin Lilian I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The R47H variant of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease in humans and leads to lower bone mass accrual in female but not male 12-mo-old mice. To determine whether, as with aging, gonadectomy results in sex-specific musculoskeletal effects, gonad removal or SHAM surgery was performed in 4-mo-old TREM2R47H/+ mice and WT male and female littermates (n = 10-12/group), with sexes analyzed separately. Body weight was lower in males, but higher in females after gonadectomy, independently of their genotype. Gonadectomy also leads to decreased BMD in males at all sites and in the whole body (total) and spine in female mice for both genotypes. Total and femur BMD was lower in gonadectomized male mice 6-wk post-surgery, independently of the genotype. On the other hand, BMD was only lower in ovariectomized WT but not TREM2R47H/+ mice in all sites measured at this time point. Bone formation and resorption marker levels were not affected by orchiectomy, whereas CTX was higher 3 wk after surgery and P1NP showed a tendency toward lower values at the 6-wk time point only in ovariectomized WT mice. Micro-CT analyses showed no differences resulting from gonadectomy in structural parameters in femoral cortical bone for either sex, but lower tissue mineral density in males of either genotype 6-wk post-surgery. Nevertheless, biomechanical properties were overall lower in gonadectomized males of either genotype, and only for WT ovariectomized mice. Distal femur cancellous bone structure was also affected by gonadectomy in a genotype- and sex-dependent manner, with genotype-independent changes in males, and only in WT female mice. Thus, expression of the TREM2 R47H variant minimally alters the impact of gonadectomy in the musculoskeletal system in males, whereas it partially ameliorates the consequences of ovariectomy in female mice.
Building: a possibility for a post-critical perspective in educational research
Authors: Zamojski Piotr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this article is to give an example of how an exercise in post-critical educational research might be conceptualized. The example refers to an enquiry into building a public sphere around education in Poland. First, a post-critical approach in educational research is defined with reference to the two dominant perspectives of social research, namely the (neo)positivistic and the critical paradigm. Next, and following insights of Hannah Arendt and Jacques Rancière, the idea of building is presented in terms of the persistent introduction of a new beginning into a social reality through acting in line with an assumption (an axiom) that, from the point of view of critical knowledge about the current status quo, seems fictional (or impossible). Such a persistent verification of an impossible axiom aims at establishing a sphere of exception from the dominant social order, offering—through the ideas of Alain Badiou and Giorgio Agamben—a nondialectical logic of social transformation. Finally, in conclusion the article focuses on the phenomenon of condensation as one of the key results of the exemplary research project analysed throughout the text. This points to the kind of knowledge that post-critical research projects are able to bring about.
Transcription factors CsWRKY53 and CsWRKY40 synergistically regulate l-theanine hydrolysis via the abscisic acid signaling pathway during tea withering
Authors: Cheng Haiyan , Pan Qianhong , Wu Wei , Shen Jimin , Liu Xiaofen , Shi Yuxuan , Yin Xueren , Xu Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
l-Theanine hydrolysis in tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves not only reduces the quality of tea products but also decreases their health benefits. Postharvest dehydration-induced abscisic acid (ABA) contributes to l-theanine hydrolysis, but the specific underlying mechanism has not been explored. Based on transcriptome analysis and gene silencing experiments, CsNCED3a was shown to be a key gene for ABA synthesis in harvested tea leaves, and CsABF7 up-regulated the expression of CsWRKY40, which encodes a transcription factor that directly regulates a l-theanine hydrolysis gene, resulting in the loss of l-theanine. CsWRKY53 and CsWRKY40 activated the expression of CsNCED3a. The CsWRKY53–CsWRKY40 complex exhibited a stronger regulatory effect than the individual transcription factors. These findings reveal an ABA-mediated regulatory pathway for l-theanine hydrolysis, and highlight the pivotal role of ABA in the postharvest metabolism of critical flavor-contributing metabolites in tea leaves.
4D live tracing reveals distinct movement trajectories of meiotic chromosomes
Authors: Xie Peng , Zhu Shiqi , Zhang Jin , Wang Xinrui , Jiang Xu , Xiong Feng , Chen Linjin , Fang Ke , Ji Yuanhui , Zheng Beihong , Da Lincui , Cao Hua , Sun Yan , Luo Zhuojuan , Lin Chengqi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Proper chromosome alignment at the spindle equator is a prerequisite for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. However, the chromosome movement trajectories prior to alignment remain elusive. Here, we established a 4D imaging analysis framework to visualize chromosome dynamics and develop a deep-learning model for chromosome movement trajectory classification. Our data reveal that chromosomes follow at least three distinct movement trajectories (retracing, congressing, and quasi-static) to arrive at the equator. We further revealed the distinct roles of multiple kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) in coordinating and maintaining the chromosome movement trajectories. In summary, we have presented an efficient and unbiased approach to studying chromosome dynamics during cell division, thereby uncovering a variety of chromosome movement trajectories that precede alignment.
A simple model for spectroscopic analyses of active stars
Authors: Nordlander T , Baratella M , Spina L , D’Orazi V 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic analyses of young late-type stars suffer from systematic inaccuracies, typically underestimating metallicities but overestimating abundances of certain elements including oxygen and barium. Effects are stronger in younger and cooler stars, and recent evidence specifically indicates a connection to the level of chromospheric activity. We present here a two-component spectroscopic model representing a non-magnetic baseline plus a magnetic spot, and analyse the resulting synthetic spectra of young solar analogues using a standard spectroscopic technique. For a moderately active star with solar parameters and chromospheric activity index $\log R_\text{HK}^{\prime }= -4.3$ ($\sim 100$ Myr), we predict that $\left[\textrm {Fe/H}\right]$ is underestimated by 0.06 dex while $v_\textrm {mic}$ is overestimated by 0.2 km s$^{-1}$; for higher activity levels we predict effects as large as 0.2 dex and 0.7 km s$^{-1}$. Predictions are in agreement with literature data on solar twins, and indicate that the model is a plausible explanation to the observed effects. The model is simple enough that it can be included in spectroscopic packages with only changes to the underlying spectrum synthesis modules, if a $\log R_\text{HK}^{\prime }$ value is provided.
Spectrophotometry and radial distribution of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters from Gaia XP spectra
Authors: Mehta V J , Milone A P , Casagrande L , Marino A F , Legnardi M V , Cordoni G , Dondoglio E , Jang S , Lionetto S , Ziliotto T , Barbieri M , Bernizzoni M , Bortolan E , Bouras Moreno Sanchez A , Lagioia E P , Mohandasan A , Muratore F 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Understanding the formation of multiple populations in globular clusters (GCs) represents a challenge for stellar population studies. Nevertheless, the outermost cluster regions, likely to hold clues about the initial configuration of GC stars, remain underexplored. We use synthetic spectra reflecting the chemical compositions of first- and second-population (1P, 2P) stars in 47 Tucanae to identify spectral regions sensitive to these populations. This led us to define new photometric bands that effectively distinguish 1P and 2P giant stars using Gaia XP spectra. Testing these filters, we constructed the pseudo two-colour diagrams dubbed chromosome maps (ChMs) and, for the first time, identified 1P and 2P stars in the cluster’s outermost regions and beyond its tidal radius. We constructed similar diagrams for NGC 3201, NGC 6121, NGC 6752, and NGC 6397, thus exploring GCs with different metallicities. The ChMs effectively distinguished multiple populations in the outer regions of all clusters, except for the metal-poor NGC 6397. Our findings, together with literature results from more-internal regions, show that the 2P stars of 47 Tucanae are more-centrally concentrated than the 1P. A similar pattern is seen for 2P stars with extreme chemical composition of NGC 3201. The multiple populations of NGC 6121, and NGC 6752 share the same radial distributions. These radial behaviours are consistent with the GC formation scenarios where 2P stars originate in the central regions. Noticeably, results on NGC 3201 are in tension with the conclusion from recent work that its 1P is more centrally concentrated than the 2P and might form with more central concentration.
Deciphering the Milky Way disc formation time encrypted in the bar chrono-kinematics
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn , Li Zhao-Yu , Sanders Jason L , Ardern-Arentsen Anke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a novel method to constrain the formation time of the Milky Way disc using the chrono-kinematic signatures of the inner Galaxy. We construct an O-rich Mira variable sample from the Gaia long-period variable catalogue to study the kinematic behaviour of stars with different ages in the inner Galaxy. From the Auriga suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations, we find that the age of the oldest stellar population with imprints of the bar in density and kinematics matches the disc spin-up epoch. This is because stars born before the spin-up show insufficient rotation and are not kinematically cold enough to be efficiently trapped by the bar. We find that the bar kinematic signature disappears for Mira variables with a period shorter than 190 d. Using the period–age relation of Mira variables, we constrain the spin-up epoch of the Milky Way to be younger than $\sim 11{-}12$ Gyr (redshift $\sim 3$). We also discuss and compare our method and result to other evidence of the Milky Way spin-up epoch under the context of a realistic age uncertainty. Age uncertainty leads to an overestimation of the disc formation time when performing backward modelling. Our constrain of the spin-up epoch is independent from previous studies because it relies on the kinematics of the inner Galaxy instead of the solar vicinity.