bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive metabolic profiling of Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium leaves, bark, flowers and fruits using ultra high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Bhatt Vinod , Kumar Neeraj , Sharma Upendra , Singh Bikram 
Published: April 2018

AbstractZanthoxylum armatum and Z. acanthopodium belong to the Rutaceae family, are extensively used in traditional folk medicine and possess anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, hepatoprotecive and antidiabetic properties. However, the comprehensive phytochemical studies of these species in order to explain medicinal properties are still not clear. In the present study, a new ultra high performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of the biologically important compounds in the different parts (leaves, bark, flowers and fruits) of Z. armatum and Z. acanthopodium. The results revealed that lignans and flavonoids are the principal components in leaves samples while aporphine alkaloids, lignans and amides are the major constituents in bark samples of Z. armatum. None of the analyzed compounds were detected in bark and leaves of Z. acanthopodium except catechin. In contrast, the fruit pericarp was characterized by the sanshool analogues, especially hydroxy‐α‐sanshool. In addition, the method was also applied for identification of 27 metabolites in the different parts of Z. armatum and Z. acanthopodium using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The identification of eight compounds in Z. armatum and metabolic profiling of Z. acanthopodium is reported here for the first time. The results obtained were also analyzed by principal component analysis to discriminate the similarity and differences among the samples.
Genetic diversity of BCoV in Brazilian cattle herds
Authors: de Mira Fernandes Adeline , Brandão Paulo E. , dos Santos Lima Michele , de Souza Nunes Martins Maira , da Silva Thais G. , da Silva Cardoso Pinto Vivian , de Paula Larissa T. , Vicente Marta Elisabete S. , Okuda Liria H. , Pituco Edviges M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the main aetiological agents of gastroenteritis in calves, causing significant economic damage to livestock. This study aims to characterise BCoV genetically on the basis of the N gene. A total of 114 faecal samples from beef and dairy calves with or without clinical symptoms of diarrhoea from five Brazilian states (São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso and Bahia) were evaluated between 2008 and 2015 by technique of Semi‐nested RT‐PCR for gene N and genealogical analysis. Of the 114 samples analysed, 14.91% (17/114) were positive. BCoV was detected in 22.72% (10/44) of the animals with diarrhoea and in 10% (7/70) of asymptomatic animals. BCoV was identified in calves from rural properties located in all of the regions sampled. Genealogical analysis showed that the Brazilian sequences of BCoV for the gene which codes for the N protein can be broken down into two distinct clusters, and the samples from this study were closely linked to Asian strains. These results contribute to the molecular characterization of BCoV in Brazil and are the first report of the circulation of BCoV in the states of Santa Catarina and Bahia.
Visualizing urban inequalities: The ethics of videography and documentary filmmaking in water research
Authors: Rusca Maria 
Published: April 2018

Visual methods are becoming increasingly popular in social sciences, but are still little explored when it comes to water related studies. Drawing on literature on visual methods and documentary filmmaking, this paper reflects on the role and potential of videography to capture and visualize inequalities in urban water supply and access. The paper is based on research undertaken over a period of 4 years, in which a mix of talk based and videographic methods was used to capture the production of uneven conditions of access to water in Lilongwe, Malawi, and Maputo, Mozambique. It reflects on the important and unique ethical questions raised by video‐based methods, including the data collection process, the type of knowledge that is produced, how it is mobilized, who has access to it and the relation between representation of social reality and the power of storytelling.This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Methods
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Rights to Water
A mixed-methods evaluation of a community pharmacy signposting service to a commercial weight-loss provider
Authors: Inch Jackie , Avenell Alison , Aucott Lorna , Watson Margaret C 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveCommunity pharmacies could provide access for clients to commercial weight management organizations. We evaluated recruitment, referral and outcomes of adults provided with free vouchers by community pharmacies to attend Scottish Slimmers classes.DesignProspective cohort design with qualitative interviews with clients and pharmacy personnel. Scottish Slimmers collected weight and attendance data.SettingPharmacies in Aberdeen City, Scotland.SubjectsClients aged ≥18 years with BMI≥30 kg/m2.ResultsTen of twenty-three pharmacies were recruited; eight successfully recruited clients. Of 129 clients recruited, ninety-seven (75 %) attended at least one class and fifty-one (40 %) attended all twelve classes. At baseline, clients’ mean weight was 99·4 (sd 17·5) kg, mean BMI was 37·8 (sd 6·0) kg/m2. After 12 weeks, mean weight change was −3·7 % (last observation carried forward) or −2·8 % (baseline observation carried forward) for all ninety-seven clients. Client interviews indicated that many individuals would have not addressed their weight problems if this referral service had not been available. They had positive attitudes towards the pharmacy signposting service, attributed to the use of consultation rooms for privacy, receiving professional service from personnel and ongoing support and encouragement. The free provision of 12-week access facilitated participation. Service providers had positive attitudes and indicated their willingness to provide this service in future.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies could be used to increase access to weight management services, with pharmacy personnel providing additional support to clients. Future provision of pharmacy referral schemes should be evaluated on a larger scale with an economic evaluation.
The Association of High‐Latitude Dayside Aurora With NBZ Field‐Aligned Currents
Authors: Carter J. A. , Milan S. E. , Fogg A. R. , Paxton L. J. , Anderson B. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe relationship between auroral emissions in the polar ionosphere and the large‐scale flow of current within the Earth's magnetosphere has yet to be comprehensively established. Under northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, magnetic reconnection occurs at the high‐latitude magnetopause, exciting two reverse lobe convection cells in the dayside polar ionosphere and allowing ingress of solar wind plasma to form an auroral “cusp spot” by direct impact on the atmosphere. It has been hypothesized that a second class of NBZ auroras, High‐latitude Dayside Aurora, are produced by upward field‐aligned currents associated with lobe convection. Here we present data from the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager instrument and from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment, from January 2010 to September 2013, in a large statistical study. We reveal a northward IMF auroral phenomenon that is located adjacent to the cusp spot and that is colocated with a region of upward electrical current in the clockwise‐rotating lobe cell. The emission only occurs in the sunlit summer hemisphere, demonstrating the influence of the conductance of the ionosphere on current closure. In addition, fast solar wind speed is required for this emission to be bright. The results show that dayside auroral emission is produced by IMF‐magnetosphere electrodynamic coupling, as well as by direct impact of the atmosphere by the solar wind, confirming the association of High‐latitude Dayside Aurora with NBZ currents.
Magnetosheath Propagation Time of Solar Wind Directional Discontinuities
Authors: Samsonov A. A. , Sibeck D. G. , Dmitrieva N. P. , Semenov V. S. , Slivka K. Yu. , Šafránkova J. , Němeček Z. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObserved delays in the ground response to solar wind directional discontinuities have been explained as the result of larger than expected magnetosheath propagation times. Recently, Samsonov et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075020) showed that the typical time for a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turning to propagate across the magnetosheath is 14 min. Here by using a combination of magnetohydrodynamic simulations, spacecraft observations, and analytic calculations, we study the dependence of the propagation time on solar wind parameters and near‐magnetopause cutoff speed. Increases in the solar wind speed result in greater magnetosheath plasma flow velocities, decreases in the magnetosheath thickness and, as a result, decreases in the propagation time. Increases in the IMF strength result in increases in the magnetosheath thickness and increases in the propagation time. Both magnetohydrodynamic simulations and observations suggest that propagation times are slightly smaller for northward IMF turnings. Magnetosheath flow deceleration must be taken into account when predicting the arrival times of solar wind structures at the dayside magnetopause.
Evaluation of Radiative Transfer Models With Clouds
Authors: Aumann Hartmut H. , Chen Xiuhong , Fishbein Evan , Geer Alan , Havemann Stephan , Huang Xianglei , Liu Xu , Liuzzi Giuliano , DeSouza‐Machado Sergio , Manning Evan M. , Masiello Guido , Matricardi Marco , Moradi Isaac , Natraj Vijay , Serio Carmine , Strow Larrabee , Vidot Jerome , Chris Wilson R. , Wu Wan , Yang Qiguang , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractData from hyperspectral infrared sounders are routinely ingested worldwide by the National Weather Centers. The cloud‐free fraction of this data is used for initializing forecasts which include temperature, water vapor, water cloud, and ice cloud profiles on a global grid. Although the data from these sounders are sensitive to the vertical distribution of ice and liquid water in clouds, this information is not fully utilized. In the future, this information could be used for validating clouds in National Weather Center models and for initializing forecasts. We evaluate how well the calculated radiances from hyperspectral Radiative Transfer Models (RTMs) compare to cloudy radiances observed by AIRS and to one another. Vertical profiles of the clouds, temperature, and water vapor from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting were used as input for the RTMs. For nonfrozen ocean day and night data, the histograms derived from the calculations by several RTMs at 900 cm−1 have a better than 0.95 correlation with the histogram derived from the AIRS observations, with a bias relative to AIRS of typically less than 2 K. Differences in the cloud physics and cloud overlap assumptions result in little bias between the RTMs, but the standard deviation of the differences ranges from 6 to 12 K. Results at 2,616 cm−1 at night are reasonably consistent with results at 900 cm−1. Except for RTMs which use full scattering calculations, the bias and histogram correlations at 2,616 cm−1 are inferior to those at 900 cm−1 for daytime calculations.
Riverine Bathymetry Imaging With Indirect Observations
Authors: Lee Jonghyun , Ghorbanidehno Hojat , Farthing Matthew W. , Hesser Tyler J. , Darve Eric F. , Kitanidis Peter K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBathymetry, i.e., depth, imaging in a river is of crucial importance for shipping operations and flood management. With advancements in sensor technology and plentiful computational resources, various types of indirect measurements can be used to estimate high‐resolution river bed topography. In this work, we image river bed topography using depth‐averaged quasi‐steady velocity observations related to the topography through the 2‐D shallow water equations. The principal component geostatistical approach (PCGA), a fast and scalable variational inverse modeling method powered by low‐rank representation of covariance matrix structure, is presented and applied to two riverine bathymetry identification problems. To compare the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method, an ensemble‐based approach is also applied to the test problems. It is demonstrated that PCGA is superior to the ensemble‐based approach in terms of computational effort and accuracy because of the successive linearization of the forward model and the optimal low‐rank representation of the prior covariance matrix. To investigate how different low‐rank covariance matrix representation by the two approaches can affect the solution accuracy, we analyze the direct survey data of the river bottom topography in the test problem and show that PCGA utilizes more efficient and parsimonious choice of the solution basis than the ensemble‐based approach. Geostatistical analysis performed on the direct survey data also confirms the validity of the chosen covariance model and its structural parameters.
O-GlcNAc elevation through activation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway enhances cancer cell chemoresistance
Authors: Liu Yubo , Cao Yu , Pan Xiaoqing , Shi Meiyun , Wu Qiong , Huang Tianmiao , Jiang Hui , Li Wenli , Zhang Jianing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChemoresistance has become a major obstacle to the success of cancer therapy, but the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance are not yet fully understood. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that is regulated by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and has an important role in a wide range of cellular functions. Here we assessed the role of O-GlcNAcylation in chemoresistance and investigated the underlying cellular mechanisms. The results showed that the HBP has an important role in cancer cell chemoresistance by regulating O-GlcNAcylation. An increase in the levels of O-GlcNAcylation indicates an increased resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Acute treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) or camptothecin (CPT) induced O-GlcNAcylation through HBP activation. In fact, the chemotherapy agents activated the AKT/X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) axis and then induced the HBP. Furthermore, the observed elevation of cellular O-GlcNAcylation led to activation of survival signalling pathways and chemoresistance in cancer cells. Finally, suppression of O-GlcNAcylation reduced the resistance of both established and primary cancer cells to chemotherapy. These results provide significant novel insights regarding the important role of the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cancer chemoresistance. Thus, O-GlcNAc inhibition might offer a new strategy for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Large thermoelectric power factor from crystal symmetry-protected non-bonding orbital in half-Heuslers
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Zhu Hangtian , Liu Te-Huan , Song Qichen , He Ran , Mao Jun , Liu Zihang , Ren Wuyang , Liao Bolin , Singh David J. , Ren Zhifeng , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractModern society relies on high charge mobility for efficient energy production and fast information technologies. The power factor of a material—the combination of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient—measures its ability to extract electrical power from temperature differences. Recent advancements in thermoelectric materials have achieved enhanced Seebeck coefficient by manipulating the electronic band structure. However, this approach generally applies at relatively low conductivities, preventing the realization of exceptionally high-power factors. In contrast, half-Heusler semiconductors have been shown to break through that barrier in a way that could not be explained. Here, we show that symmetry-protected orbital interactions can steer electron–acoustic phonon interactions towards high mobility. This high-mobility regime enables large power factors in half-Heuslers, well above the maximum measured values. We anticipate that our understanding will spark new routes to search for better thermoelectric materials, and to discover high electron mobility semiconductors for electronic and photonic applications.
Environmental fluctuations accelerate molecular evolution of thermal tolerance in a marine diatom
Authors: Schaum C.-Elisa , Buckling A. , Smirnoff N. , Studholme D. J. , Yvon-Durocher G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiatoms contribute roughly 20% of global primary production, but the factors determining their ability to adapt to global warming are unknown. Here we quantify the capacity for adaptation to warming in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We find that evolutionary rescue under severe (32 °C) warming is slow, but adaptation to more realistic scenarios where temperature increases are moderate (26 °C) or fluctuate between benign and severe conditions is rapid and linked to phenotypic changes in metabolic traits and elemental composition. Whole-genome re-sequencing identifies genetic divergence among populations selected in the different warming regimes and between the evolved and ancestral lineages. Consistent with the phenotypic changes, the most rapidly evolving genes are associated with transcriptional regulation, cellular responses to oxidative stress and redox homeostasis. These results demonstrate that the evolution of thermal tolerance in marine diatoms can be rapid, particularly in fluctuating environments, and is underpinned by major genomic and phenotypic change.
Heterochromatin protein 1a functions for piRNA biogenesis predominantly from pericentric and telomeric regions in Drosophila
Authors: Teo Ryan Yee Wei , Anand Amit , Sridhar Vishweshwaren , Okamura Katsutomo , Kai Toshie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn metazoan germline, Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) provide defence against transposons. Piwi–piRNA complex mediates transcriptional silencing of transposons in nucleus. Heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) has been proposed to function downstream of Piwi-piRNA complex in Drosophila. Here we show that HP1a germline knockdown (HP1a-GLKD) leads to a reduction in the total and Piwi-bound piRNAs mapping to clusters and transposons insertions, predominantly in the regions close to telomeres and centromeres, resulting in derepression of a limited number of transposons from these regions. In addition, HP1a-GLKD increases the splicing of transcripts arising from clusters in above regions, suggesting HP1a also functions upstream to piRNA processing. Evolutionarily old transposons enriched in the pericentric regions exhibit significant loss in piRNAs targeting these transposons upon HP1a-GLKD. Our study suggests that HP1a functions to repress transposons in a chromosomal compartmentalised manner.
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is potentiated by feedforward regulatory mechanisms involving Zscan4 and TAK1
Authors: Zhang Boyi , Fu Da , Xu Qixia , Cong Xianling , Wu Chunyan , Zhong Xiaoming , Ma Yushui , Lv Zhongwei , Chen Fei , Han Liu , Qian Min , Chin Y. Eugene , Lam Eric W. -F. , Chiao Paul , Sun Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be provoked by side effects of therapeutic agents, fueling advanced complications including cancer resistance. However, the intracellular signal network supporting initiation and development of the SASP driven by treatment-induced damage remains unclear. Here we report that the transcription factor Zscan4 is elevated for expression by an ATM-TRAF6-TAK1 axis during the acute DNA damage response and enables a long term SASP in human stromal cells. Further, TAK1 activates p38 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR to support the persistent SASP signaling. As TAK1 is implicated in dual feedforward mechanisms to orchestrate the SASP development, pharmacologically targeting TAK1 deprives cancer cells of resistance acquired from treatment-damaged stromal cells in vitro and substantially promotes tumour regression in vivo. Together, our study reveals a novel network that links functionally critical molecules associated with the SASP development in therapeutic settings, thus opening new avenues to improve clinical outcomes and advance precision medicine.
Increasing occurrence of cold and warm extremes during the recent global warming slowdown
Authors: Johnson Nathaniel C. , Xie Shang-Ping , Kosaka Yu , Li Xichen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe recent levelling of global mean temperatures after the late 1990s, the so-called global warming hiatus or slowdown, ignited a surge of scientific interest into natural global mean surface temperature variability, observed temperature biases, and climate communication, but many questions remain about how these findings relate to variations in more societally relevant temperature extremes. Here we show that both summertime warm and wintertime cold extreme occurrences increased over land during the so-called hiatus period, and that these increases occurred for distinct reasons. The increase in cold extremes is associated with an atmospheric circulation pattern resembling the warm Arctic-cold continents pattern, whereas the increase in warm extremes is tied to a pattern of sea surface temperatures resembling the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. These findings indicate that large-scale factors responsible for the most societally relevant temperature variations over continents are distinct from those of global mean surface temperature.
Promotion of virus assembly and organization by the measles virus matrix protein
Authors: Ke Zunlong , Strauss Joshua D. , Hampton Cheri M. , Brindley Melinda A. , Dillard Rebecca S. , Leon Fredrick , Lamb Kristen M. , Plemper Richard K. , Wright Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMeasles virus (MeV) remains a major human pathogen, but there are presently no licensed antivirals to treat MeV or other paramyxoviruses. Here, we use cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to elucidate the principles governing paramyxovirus assembly in MeV-infected human cells. The three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of the MeV structural proteins including the surface glycoproteins (F and H), matrix protein (M), and the ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) are characterized at stages of virus assembly and budding, and in released virus particles. The M protein is observed as an organized two-dimensional (2D) paracrystalline array associated with the membrane. A two-layered F–M lattice is revealed suggesting that interactions between F and M may coordinate processes essential for MeV assembly. The RNP complex remains associated with and in close proximity to the M lattice. In this model, the M lattice facilitates the well-ordered incorporation and concentration of the surface glycoproteins and the RNP at sites of virus assembly.
Reconstruction of the ancestral metazoan genome reveals an increase in genomic novelty
Authors: Paps Jordi , Holland Peter W. H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the emergence of the Animal Kingdom is one of the major challenges of modern evolutionary biology. Many genomic changes took place along the evolutionary lineage that gave rise to the Metazoa. Recent research has revealed the role that co-option of old genes played during this transition, but the contribution of genomic novelty has not been fully assessed. Here, using extensive genome comparisons between metazoans and multiple outgroups, we infer the minimal protein-coding genome of the first animal, in addition to other eukaryotic ancestors, and estimate the proportion of novelties in these ancient genomes. Contrary to the prevailing view, this uncovers an unprecedented increase in the extent of genomic novelty during the origin of metazoans, and identifies 25 groups of metazoan-specific genes that are essential across the Animal Kingdom. We argue that internal genomic changes were as important as external factors in the emergence of animals.