bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types of mindsets
Authors: Khurram Shahzad , Khurram Anjeela , Ashraf Nyela 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis study aims to adopt the institutional theory perspective to understand how institutional inconsistencies experienced by individuals translate into meaninglessness. Moreover, using the constructive development theory, it provides a plausible explanation to the enigma – why do some organizational members develop meaninglessness, while others do not?Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper is based on a critical evaluation of extant literature that helped to develop the empirically testable propositions.FindingsGrounded in the three types of mindsets as proposed in the constructive development theory, this paper suggests that, for socialized knowers, the degree of meaninglessness is directly related to the extent to which valued others perceive meaninglessness with respect to the institutional prescription creating a certain degree of inconsistency. The self-authoring knowers experience a higher degree of meaninglessness, if the alternative institutional prescriptions challenge the ones attached to their desired identity. While, the self-transforming knowers feel a higher level of meaninglessness, when they realize that the institutional inconsistency is strongly related to the experiences of others impacted by it.Originality/valueThis study adds a significant value to the streams of institutional and constructive development theories literature. It theorizes the variations in organizational members’ feeling of meaninglessness in the face of institutional inconsistencies while considering the shaping effects of field pressure and disposition. These propositions integrate the institutional theory and constructive development theory and present more socially acceptable justifications of the organizational members’ reaction of meaninglessness to institutional inconsistencies.
Soldier or actor?
Authors: Shukla Amit 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThough widely studied, organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) is yet to emerge as a thoroughly understood concept. For instance, citizenship behaviours emanating from self-serving motives remain largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of psychological ownership in differentiating individuals with genuine motives (“soldiers”) from those with self-serving motives (“actors”).Design/methodology/approachThe study defines and operationalises genuineness of OCBs by comparing self-rated and others-rated citizenship behaviours. It is hypothesised that psychological ownership is positively associated with citizenship behaviour, and this relationship is positively moderated by degree of genuineness. All the hypothesised relationships are tested on the basis of empirical evidence produced by a two-wave study on a cross-hierarchical matched sample (n= 338) in a large Indian IT MNC.FindingsA strong positive relationship between psychological ownership and citizenship behaviour was observed. A positive moderation by genuineness was also found suggesting that relationship between psychological ownership and citizenship behaviour became stronger with higher genuineness. In a nutshell, the results indicated that soldiers and actors could be differentiated on the basis of their relative scores on psychological ownership.Originality/valueApart from theoretical contributions, the present study offers a headway to managers in identifying employees who engage in citizenship behaviour out of genuine motives toward their organisation. As citizenship behaviours increasingly find prominence in employees’ self-appraisal, this differentiation assumes importance in promoting workplace fairness.
Executive functioning as a predictive measure of offending behaviour
Authors: Spenser Karin A. , Bull Ray , Betts Lucy , Winder Belinda 
Published: January 2019

PurposeProsociality is considered important in the study of offenders and associated cognitive skills: theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning, are said to enable self-control and reduce the risk of offending behaviours. Previous research has made associations between these skills and executive functioning; however, research into a link between them, in an offending population, is limited. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachTo further understand the practicalities of this, the present study considered the predictive abilities of the constructs believed to underpin executive functioning: working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control, in relation to theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning. In total, 200 male and female offenders completed measures in all six constructs.FindingsUsing path analysis working memory was demonstrated to be predictive of theory of mind and empathic understanding, cognitive flexibility was found to be predictive of theory of mind, and inhibitory control was found to be predictive of theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focussed on offenders serving a custodial sentence of six months or less and did not differentiate between crime categories or take into consideration the socio-environmental backgrounds or ethnicity. Therefore, considering these things could further establish the generalisability of the current findings. It is noted that the more focussed the intervention is to the specific needs of an offender, the greater the impact will be. Therefore, pre-screening tests for the constructs discussed may be able to more accurately assess an offenders’ suitability for a programme, or indeed tailor it to meet the specific needs of that person.Practical implicationsThese findings may enable practitioners to more accurately assess offenders’ suitability for interventions aimed at reducing offending behaviours by improving levels of prosociality and develop more focussed programmes to meet the specific needs of individual offenders to reduce re-offending.Social implicationsAs recommended in the study, a more tailored approach to offender rehabilitation may be a potential aid to reducing levels of recidivism.Originality/valueThe present study adds to the literature as it is the first to consider whether the constructs of executive functioning can predict levels of theory of mind, empathic understanding and moral reasoning and so provide a more accurate method in assessing the cognitive abilities of offenders prior to participation in rehabilitative interventions.
Linking home–work interface, work engagement and psychological capital to customer advocacy
Authors: Shaheen Musarrat , Zeba Farrah , Sekhar Vaibhav , Krishnankutty Raveesh 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the influence of the work–family interface on both work engagement and the psychological capital (PsyCap) of the liquid workforce. Also, drawing from the literature on consumer behaviour, the second objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of work engagement and PsyCap on customer advocacy.Design/methodologyA dyadic study was conducted, comprising 200 nurses and 200 patients from different healthcare service providers of India. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the responses collected from nurses and the patients whom they served.FindingsThe results confirm that the home–work interface has a positive impact on work engagement and PsyCap. The findings also confirm a positive impact of PsyCap on customer advocacy, but the effect of work engagement on customer advocacy was not significant.Research implicationsThis study confirms that to keep liquid workers engaged in their work and to enhance their personal PsyCap, an organisation should provide the opportunity to maintain a balance between work and home needs. The findings also confirm that personal psychological resources (PsyCap) facilitate prosocial helping behaviour, which keeps customers closer and maintains them as true representatives of the organisation.Originality/valueThe present study is one of only a few preliminary studies examining the predictors of work engagement of liquid workers. Also, an inter-disciplinary approach was taken to understand the link between employee-level variables (home–work interface, work engagement and PsyCap) and a customer-level variable (customer advocacy).
The goblet and two faces
Authors: Kakkar Shiva 
Published: January 2019

PurposeParadox theory looks at ambidexterity as a set of paradoxical yet interrelated demands. A form of response to such paradoxes is transcendence. Currently, there is limited understanding of the concept among researchers. Using concepts from the Indian philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, this paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of transcendence, highlight some of the epistemological challenges it presents and suggest ways in which the concept can be used by practitioners and ambidexterity researchers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses concepts and theories from advaitic episteme to look at concepts of paradox and transcendence. The method of adhyaropa–apavada is introduced as a way to help individuals get a transcendental perspective of paradoxes. The application of the method is demonstrated using secondary data from published research on ambidexterity management.FindingsIt is postulated that transcendence is an “intuitive experience” born out of reflexive thinking. The dialectic of adhyaropa–apavada (affirmation followed by recension) is suggested as a pedagogical tool that can promote reflexive thinking.Originality/valueThe paper significantly adds to the theoretical understanding of paradoxes and transcendence in ambidexterity literature. The paper also makes a strong pedagogical contribution to literature by suggesting the dialectic of adhyaropa–apavada that can be used by managers to promote reflexive thinking among subordinates when faced with paradoxical situations.
Toward the next Common Agricultural Policy reform: Determinants of avian communities in hay meadows reveal current policy's inadequacy for biodiversity conservation in grassland ecosystems
Authors: Assandri Giacomo , Bogliani Giuseppe , Pedrini Paolo , Brambilla Mattia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSemi‐natural grasslands are among the richest European ecosystems in terms of biodiversity. However, they have been severely affected by farming intensification and land abandonment, which have been both exacerbated by the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The most recentCAPincluded a “greening” measure dedicated to grassland conservation, presumed to be beneficial to biodiversity; however, scientific evidence about its effectiveness is still scarce.In the Alps, hay meadows have undergone dramatic management changes in recent decades. We used a comprehensive community ecology approach to highlight how the multi‐scale and interacting effects of such changes impact birds, with the aim of providing knowledge to support improvements to theCAP.Birds were surveyed at 63 landscape units in northeast Italy, equally subdivided into areas dominated by (a) extensive hay meadows, (b) intensive hay meadows, and (c) areas formerly dominated by meadows but partially converted into other agricultural land use. This environmental gradient mirrors in space the temporal gradient of the agricultural changes that have recently occurred in the Alps.Community composition, species richness, and the number of meadow‐specialist species were analysed according to environmental predictors (i.e. landscape, meadow management, and topography), and to spatial factors. We aimed to disentangle the exclusive and joint fraction of variation explained by each of them.Meadow conversion, allowed by theCAPin force, created a shift in community composition towards assemblages dominated by generalist species at the expense of meadow specialists. The cover of intensive meadows was negatively correlated with species richness, whereas the number of meadow specialists was negatively correlated with the cover of early‐mown (i.e. within the third week of June) meadows. Mowing date was, in turn, related to elevation, with meadows at higher elevations mown later in the season, and to meadow intensification (the use of external inputs, in particular liquid manure, leads to earlier and more frequent cuts per year).Policy implications. Our study confirms the concerns about effectiveness of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy greening grassland measure in conserving biodiversity in those ecosystems. We suggest rethinking the Common Agricultural Policy environmental prescriptions to account for the importance of meadow management in determining bird diversity patterns in Alpine hay meadows. Finally, we highlight market‐based conservation strategies as complementary approaches for preserving grassland biodiversity.
Early supplemental α2‐macroglobulin attenuates cartilage and bone damage by inhibiting inflammation in collagen II‐induced arthritis model
Authors: Li Shengchun , Xiang Chuan , Wei Xiaochun , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Ruifang , Li Pengcui , Sun Jian , Wei Dinglu , Chen Yong , Zhang Yanxiang , Wei Lei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if early supplemental intra‐articular α2‐macroglobulin (A2M) has a chondroprotective effect in a collagen II‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice model.MethodsDBA/1 mice were randomized into four groups (n = 15/group): (a) CIA + 1.2 μg of A2M; (b) CIA + 0.8 μg of A2M; (c) CIA + 0.4 μg of A2M; (d) vehicle + phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). A2M was injected into right ankles and PBS was injected into the left ankles simultaneously as internal control at days 36, 43 and 50. The CIA inflammation clinical score and ankle thickness were recorded every other day starting on day 21 until sacrifice. Changes in inflammation were monitored by in vivo fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). Inflammation, cartilage and bone damage were assessed with X‐ray, histology and immunohistochemistry. Cartilage and inflammation‐related gene expression was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAll mice showed ankle inflammation on day 33. After day 43, lower clinical scores, ankle thickness and Sharp/van der Heijde method scores in A2M‐treated ankles compared with PBS‐treated ankles. FMT data indicated that the inflammation markers MMPSense and ProSense were significantly elevated in the PBS‐treated ankles than A2M‐treated ankles. Histology and X‐ray analyses indicated that A2M administration resulted in lower levels of inflammatory infiltration and synovial hyperplasia, as well as more typical cartilage and bone organization with increased COL II and Aggrecan staining when compared with PBS‐treated ankles. In addition, real‐time PCR showed that,matrix metalloproteinase‐3, ‐9, ‐13, COL X and Runx2 were significantly less expressed in A2M‐treated groups than PBS‐treated animals.ConclusionEarly supplemental intra‐articular A2M exerts an anti‐inflammatory effect and attenuates cartilage and bone damage in a CIA model.
Prognostic role of preoperative platelet, fibrinogen, and D‐dimer levels in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Hou Can , Jiang Feng , Ma Haitao , Zhu Quan , Wang Zhonglin , Zhao Biao , Xue Tao , Tan Sheng , Yang Rusong , Qian Yongxiang , Luo Xuan , Zhao Ming , Xu Xing , Chen Liang , Li Jiayuan 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe relationships between coagulation factors and non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis have been intensively studied. However, no previous study has investigated the combined effects of preoperative platelet (PLT), fibrinogen (FIB), and D‐dimer (D‐D) levels on the prognosis of NSCLC.MethodsA multicenter prospective study was conducted over seven hospitals. A total of 395 patients diagnosed with operable NSCLC for the first time were included and followed‐up until disease progression or the end of the study. Baseline demographic and clinicopathological information, and preoperative coagulation test results were collected for each patient. Univariate and multilevel survival analyses were conducted using Cox regression and shared frailty models.ResultsMultilevel analyses revealed that there was a marginally significant association between elevated PLT level (> 215 × 109/L) and unfavorable progression‐free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio 2.42, P = 0.05), whereas preoperative FIB and D‐D were not significant prognostic factors for PFS (P = 0.31 and 0.30, respectively). Compared to patients with one elevation of the three coagulation factors, patients with at least two elevations of the three factors had a significantly higher risk of cancer progression (hazard ratio 4.62, P = 0.02).ConclusionThe number of elevated preoperative coagulation factors may have a significant effect on PFS and could be used to predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients after surgery. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the interactions between these three coagulation factors.
Environmental filtering improves ecological niche models across multiple scales
Authors: Castellanos Adrian A. , Huntley Jerry W. , Voelker Gary , Lawing A. Michelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA clear challenge for ecological niche modelling is determining how to best mitigate the effects of sampling bias from commonly collected biodiversity data. Recent approaches have focused on filtering occurrences in overrepresented regions based on geographic or environmental proximity.We tested the efficacy of filtering in geographic and environmental space using occurrence data from four species. Our evaluation strategies examined 14 distance measures in geographic and environmental spaces and eight combinations of environmental variables and their ordinations. This resulted in 78 datasets for each species, which we evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), the difference between training and testingAUC, omission rate, the true skill statistic, and Schoener's D to examine the effects of different filtering schemes.The degree of change produced by filtering on predicted suitability and evaluation statistics increased with increasing range size. Environmental filtering resulted in higher model fit at larger extents and retained more occurrences than geographic filtering.Our results indicate that models should be evaluated using multiple evaluation statistics at multiple thresholds. The use of bin sizes when filtering in environmental space allows for simple comparison between species and filter types and makes for an easily reportable and repeatable distance metric. We specifically recommend that ecological niche models using natural history collection data filter in environmental space with variables derived from permutation importance or the first few axes of a principal components ordination.
The ‘plantspec’ r package: A tool for spectral analysis of plant stoichiometry
Authors: Griffith Daniel M. , Anderson T. Michael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Data on plant elemental stoichiometry are essential for ecologists investigating ecosystem function, nutrient cycling, plant–herbivore interactions and leaf economics.

A cost‐effective approach to leaf elemental analysis is near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), whereby components such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) can be predicted using NIR spectra from plant material. However, a major factor limiting the widespread use of NIRS by plant ecologists is the availability of free software and calibration data for developing plant chemistry datasets from spectra. Here, we present a pair of companion r packages (‘plantspec’ and ‘plantspecDB’) that satisfy this need by providing an entire workflow, from spectra to predicted elemental data.

The main r package, called ‘plantspec’, allows users to manipulate spectral data and develop custom partial least square (PLS) models for predicting the elemental composition of their own datasets. The second package, ‘plantspecDB’, provides NIR spectra, and matched elemental data obtained with standard analytical techniques, for herbaceous samples collected from 18 grassland sites around the world, primarily sourced from the Nutrient Network experiment. The ‘plantspecDB’ data package also provides calibrations for C, N, P and K for bulk samples and separated by plant functional type: grasses, forbs and legumes. Finally, we provide an example of the ‘plantspec’ workflow, and external validation of these models, and an example application to the stoichiometry of East African grasses as it relates to their evolutionary relationships.

The r package ‘plantspec’, and our associated workflow, provides a template to produce robust calibration models and increase the application of NIR in ecology. Although, we focus on plant stoichiometry, the workflow presented here can be applied broadly for a broad range of applications, including soils, remote sensing data, solutions and tissues. Finally, our global dataset provides unprecedented access to NIR calibration data as they pertain to tissue concentrations of key plant limiting elements.
Reactive oxygen species‐induced changes in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver during aging
Authors: Seo Eunhui , Kang Hwansu , Choi Hojung , Choi Woohyuk , Jun Hee‐Sook 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases due to increased vulnerability to external stress and susceptibility to disease. Aging is associated with metabolic liver disease such as nonalcoholic fatty liver. In this study, we investigated changes in lipid metabolism during aging in mice and the mechanisms involved. Lipid accumulation was increased in liver tissues of aged mice, particularly cholesterol. Increased uptake of both cholesterol and glucose was observed in hepatocytes of aged mice as compared with younger mice. The mRNA expression of GLUT2, GK, SREBP2, HMGCR, and HMGCS, genes for cholesterol synthesis, was gradually increased in liver tissues during aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase with aging and are closely related to various aging‐related diseases. When we treated HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes with the ROS inducer, H2O2, lipid accumulation increased significantly compared to the case for untreated HepG2 cells. H2O2 treatment significantly increased glucose uptake and acetyl‐CoA production, which results in glycolysis and lipid synthesis. Treatment with H2O2 significantly increased the expression of mRNA for genes related to cholesterol synthesis and uptake. These results suggest that ROS play an important role in altering cholesterol metabolism and consequently contribute to the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver during the aging process.