bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing postoperative urinary retention after radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer: development and validation of a predictive model in a prospective cohort study in Southwest China
Authors: Zuo Yan , Yang Kaixuan , Zhang Jianjun , Liu Xinru , Bai Zhilan , He Jingwen , Hu Xiaolin 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo explore influencing factors for postoperative urinary retention (POUR) in cervical cancer patients and construct and validate a POUR prediction model.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingA large tertiary hospital specialised in child and maternal healthcare in Southwest China.Participants1101 patients undergoing cervical cancer surgery at our hospital were enrolled in the analytic cohort between 1 July 2022 and 31 July 2023. Another 205 patients were enrolled in the external validation cohort between 1 August 2023 and 31 October 2023. Demographics and disease-related information were collected to construct a risk prediction model by logistic regression. Univariate analyses and a multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine possible influencing factors. The discrimination and accuracy of the model were assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) and the concordance index, respectively.ResultsUnivariate analysis identified duration of surgery, intraoperative bleeding, presence of diabetes, hypertension, ureteral adhesion, wound healing classification, preoperative radio/chemotherapy, category of Body Mass Index, history of urinary diseases, history of caesarean section, postoperative urinary infection and use of analgesia pumps as potential influencing factors (p<0.05). Diabetes, wound healing classification, presurgery radio/chemotherapy, postoperative urinary infection, use of analgesia pumps and pain numerical rating score were founded to be significant factors influencing the occurrence of POUR in cervical cancer patients (p<0.05). A POUR prediction model constructed using the factors demonstrated excellent prediction power, with an AUC of 0.897 (95% CI, 0.877 to 0.916, p<0.001). The sensitivity of the model at the optimal threshold was 0.591, with specificity being 0.747. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a good performance of the model.ConclusionsPresence of diabetes mellitus, wound healing classification, presurgery radio/chemotherapy, postoperative urinary infection, use of analgesia pumps and pain numerical rating score are factors influencing occurrence of POUR in cervical cancer patients. The POUR prediction model developed demonstrates good predictive power and is promising for clinical utility.
Prevalence and determinants of TB/HIV coinfection: the double tragedy of infectious disease burden – a 5-year retrospective study in a tertiary health facility in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwoga Hope Obiageli , Igweagu Chukwuma Paulinus , Umeh Gabriel Chukwuemeka 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence and determinants of tuberculosis (TB)/HIV coinfection in Enugu State Nigeria.Study designA 5-year record-based retrospective study (2018–2022) conducted at a tertiary health facility to identify TB/HIV coinfections.SettingAbout 483 patients treated for TB at the centre were included in the study.Primary outcome measureThe χ2test was used to test for association between the background characteristics of the patients (age, gender, place of residence, educational level, marital status, occupation, ethnicity and type of TB) and TB/HIV coinfection, while logistic regression was used to determine predictors of TB/HIV coinfection.ResultsOf the 483 patients with TB treated within the study period (2018–2022), all of them were screened for HIV and 29.0% of them had TB/HIV coinfection. The prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection was highest in 2021 (27.1%). On logistic regression, TB/HIV coinfection was more likely among traders (adjusted OR, AOR 4.932, 95% CI 1.364, 17.839) and students (AOR 2.772, 95% CI 1.014, 7.577). Those diagnosed in 2022 (AOR 0.514, 95% CI 0.272, 0.969) and those who reside in urban areas (AOR 0.594, 95% CI 0.372, 0.949) had lower odds of having TB/HIV coinfection.ConclusionAlmost one-third of all the patients with TB (29.0%) treated at the health facility were HIV coinfected. Occupation of the patients was found to predict TB/HIV coinfection as traders had the highest odds of TB/HIV coinfection when compared with the other occupational groups. Targeted interventions should be geared towards these groups of persons for better prevention and control of both TB and HIV infections in the State.
Individual- and community-level risk factors for maternal morbidity and mortality among Native American women in the USA: a systematic review
Authors: Celaya Martín , Zahlan Alaa I , Rock Chelsea , Nathan Akshay , Acharya Aishwarya , Madhivanan Purnima , Ehiri John , Hu Chengcheng , Pettygrove Sydney D , Nuño Velia Leybas 
Published: November 2024

Introduction and objectiveMaternal morbidity and mortality (MMM) is a public health concern in the USA, with Native American women experiencing higher rates than non-Hispanic White women. Research on risk factors for MMM among Native American women is limited. This systematic review comprehensively synthesizes and critically appraises the literature on risk factors for MMM experienced by Native American women.Methods and analysisA systematic search was conducted on 10 October 2022 in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus for articles published since 2012. Selection criteria included observational studies set in the USA, involving Native American women in the perinatal period, and examining the relationship between risk factors and MMM outcomes. Three reviewers screened and extracted data from the included studies, with risk of bias assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools. Data were analysed descriptively.Results15 studies were included. All studies used administrative databases, with settings, including nationwide (seven studies), statewide (four studies) and Indian reservations (four studies). The majority of studies focused on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (eight studies) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) (four studies). 26 risk factors were identified. Key risk factors included Native American race (six studies), rural maternal residency (four studies), overweight/obese body mass index (two studies), maternal age (two studies), nulliparity (two studies) and pre-existing medical conditions (one study).ConclusionThis review identified risk factors associated with MMM among Native American women, including rural residency, overweight or obesity and advanced maternal age. However, the findings also reveal a scarcity of research specific to this population, limiting the ability to fully understand these risk factors and develop effective interventions. These results emphasise the need for further research and culturally relevant studies to inform public health and address disparities for Native American women, particularly those in rural areas.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022363405.
Psychometric properties and clinical utility of spinal health outcome measures in school-based interventions among children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nkhata Loveness A , Human Anri , Louw Q A , Brink Yolandi 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionSpinal health in children and adolescents has global implications, impacting school attendance, academic performance and physical activity. Effective school-based interventions are essential for promoting spinal health literacy, positive behaviours and academic success.ObjectivesThis review aims to collect data on school-based interventions for spinal health in children and adolescents over the past two decades. It will examine interventions such as education, exercise and appropriate furniture, focusing on outcomes including musculoskeletal pain, posture, sedentary behaviour and academic performance. Additionally, the review will describe the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the outcome measures used in these studies.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, employing the PICO framework to define criteria for participants, interventions, comparisons, outcomes and study designs. Only English studies published between 2004 and 2024 will be included. Relevant databases will be searched using specific keywords derived from the PICO framework. The Critical Appraisal Tool and the COSMIN Risk of Bias tool will be used to evaluate the methodological quality and risk of bias in the selected studies. Review authors will independently assess articles, resolving discrepancies through consensus. Statistical analyses will be performed using CADIMA V.2.2.4.2 April 2023.ResultsData will be collected based on various outcome measures, evaluated with an approved checklist and presented through descriptive narratives and tables. Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations, Faculty Research Day and publication in reputable journals.Ethics and disseminationThe study will adhere to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring a rigorous approach to minimise bias and guarantee valid results. Studies will be selected based on predetermined criteria following a consistent protocol. The findings will be disseminated through presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals.PROSPERO registration numberThe systematic review protocol is registered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42024543258), with a planned date of commencement from August 2024 to November 2024.
Developing and testing a toolkit of interventions to improve adherence to non-invasive ventilation in children: the SPIRITUS study protocol
Authors: Russell Jessica , Chan Elaine Y , Davies Gwyneth , Gibson Faith , Harniess Philip , Rendle Garry , Wray Jo 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a known effective and safe treatment for children and young people with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Adherence can be challenging and poor adherence risks undertreatment of SDB. While the risk factors for non-adherence have been widely reported, very few interventions have been tested in any capacity to address barriers to adherence.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a mixed methods study over three phases. The aim is to identify the components of a toolkit of interventions to address some of the barriers to NIV usage in children and young people who have SDB. We will test these components for their feasibility and acceptability to families. We will also aim to identify health outcomes from NIV use that are important to families. Qualitative data will be managed using NVivo software and analysed using the Framework method. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationThe study will run from January 2023 to October 2025. This study has ethics and local site approval. Data will be stored and accessed only by the research team, stored on a secure server. Data will be pseudo-anonymised prior to analysis and presented in a way that no individual can be identified. We will disseminate widely to relevant stakeholders including peer-reviewed journals, presentations to academic and clinical audiences at conferences and meetings and a lay report.Trial registration numberISRCTN56845190.
Can we empirically derive a geographic definition of ‘coastal’ for use in cancer data reporting? An ecological modelling study using England’s national cancer registry
Authors: Welsh Claire , Welham Catherine , Anderson Jack , Green Mark Alan , Quinn Clarice , Lai Jennifer , Vernon Sally , Paley Lizz 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundReducing avoidable systematic differences in population health requires first understanding which populations are currently disadvantaged. Although the health of coastal communities in England has been of concern for some years, an operationalised definition of ‘coastal’ is lacking. This study aims to use national cancer statistics to define and validate a small area-level definition of ‘coastal’ that could be used to better report cancer-related health inequalities in England.MethodsInformation on the geography and demography of English populations at the Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level were used to define a suite of candidate coastal variables that considered foreshore proximity, resident population location, rurality and deprivation. Adjusted linear models of LSOA-level statistics of cancer incidence, prevalence and mortality in England (2016 to 2020) were used to identify candidate coastal variable(s) that explained the greatest proportion of variation in cancer outcomes after adjustment.ResultsThe candidate ‘G_25_5’ (LSOA’s designated as ‘coastal’ if 25% or more of postcodes were within 5 km of the coastline) was selected as the candidate that explained the most residual variation in cancer incidence and prevalence after adjustment. This variable would assign 7377 2011 LSOAs as coastal, whose populations summed to 12.3 million people (22% of England’s population, in 2016). This candidate variable was not significantly associated with cancer mortality.ConclusionsThe coastal variable that we identify can explain some of the ‘coastal excess’ in poor cancer outcomes. We propose that this variable is now embedded into health inequalities reporting and adopted as the working definition of ‘coastal’ implicated in NHS England’s ‘Core20PLUS5’ approach for use in cancer data reporting.
Associations of paternal age with offspring under-five mortality and perinatal outcomes: a cohort study using claims data in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shi-Heng , Lee Jian-Te , Lin Mei-Chen , Wu Chi-Shin , Thompson Wesley K , Fan Chun-Chieh 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe causal relationship between advanced paternal age and offspring health is unclear, owing to familial confounders. This study examined the association of paternal age with offspring’s under-five mortality and perinatal outcomes, using sibling comparison analyses to account for familial confounding factors.MethodsA nationwide birth cohort study was designed based on Taiwan’s single-payer compulsory National Health Insurance programme. Individuals born between 2001 and 2015 were included, resulting in 2454 104 live-born singletons. Among them, 1513 222 individuals had full sibling(s) who were included in the sibling-comparison analyses. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the main study cohort whereas conditional logistic regressions were used in the sibling-comparison analyses.ResultsIn the main cohort, paternal age categories showed a U-shaped relationship with offspring’s under-five mortality in the crude analysis, which attenuated towards the null hypothesis after accounting for the measured potential confounders. There was an increased risk of premature birth (gestational age <37 weeks), low birth weight (<2500 g), large for gestational age (90th percentile) and low 5 min Apgar Score (<7) in individuals with a paternal age of >35 years. Sibling-comparison analyses that accounted for unmeasured familial time-invariant confounders showed that younger siblings with older paternal age had a lower risk of under-five mortality, low birth weight, small for gestational age (10th percentile), congenital defects and low 5 min Apgar Score, and a higher risk of premature birth and large for gestational age.ConclusionsChildren with older fathers had lower risks of under-five mortality, low birth weight, small for gestational age, congenital defects and low 5 min Apgar Score.
Maltreatment, homicide and access to specialised palliative care among children and young adults with a life-limiting condition: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lin Shih-Chun , Chang Hsin-Yi , Huang Mei-Chih 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study compared the differences in the rates of maltreatment and homicide deaths between children and young adults with and without a life-limiting condition (LLC) and determined whether this affects the likelihood of receiving specialised palliative care (SPC) services before death.DesignA nationwide retrospective observational study.SettingTaiwan.PatientsChildren and young adults aged 0–25 years with LLCs and maltreatment were identified within the Health and Welfare Data Science Centre by International Classification of Diseases codes. Deaths were included within the Multiple Causes of Death Data if they occurred between 2016 and 2017.Main outcome measuresRates of maltreatment, homicide deaths and SPC referrals.ResultsChildren and young adults with underlying LLCs experienced a similar rate of maltreatment (2.2 per 10 000 vs 3.1 per 10 000) and had a 68% decrease in the odds of homicide death (19.7% vs 80.3%, OR, 0.32; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.56) than those without such conditions. Among those with LLCs who experienced maltreatment, 14.3% (2 out of 14) had received SPC at least 3 days before death. There was no significant difference in SPC referrals between those who experienced maltreatment and those who did not.ConclusionsThe likelihood of being referred to SPC was low with no significant statistical differences observed between children and young adults with maltreatment and without. These findings suggest a need for integrating SPC and child protection services to ensure human rights are upheld.
Circulating bone morphogenetic protein 10 as a novel marker of atrial stress and remodelling in heart failure
Authors: Ceelen Daan C H , Bracun Valentina , van Essen Bart J , Voors Adriaan A , de Boer Rudolf A , ter Maaten Jozine M , Masson Serge , Kastner Peter , Lang Chim C , Suthahar Navin 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundWe evaluated the potential of circulating bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) as a biomarker for atrial stress and remodelling in patients with heart failure (HF), in comparison to N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). We also assessed the predictive value of BMP10 for adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsBMP10 levels were quantified in 2085 chronic HF patients from the European BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF) cohort and in 1487 patients from the Scottish validation cohort. Multivariable linear regression identified independent associates of BMP10. Proteomic analysis of 6369 proteins with subsequent gene set enrichment analysis was used to explore biological pathways associated with elevated BMP10. Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for established risk factors were used to associate BMP10 levels with clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality and HF hospitalisation.ResultsIn a multivariable model including clinical and echocardiographic parameters, log-transformed and standardised BMP10 levels were significantly associated with a history of atrial fibrillation (Sβ=0.419; p<0.001), and with echocardiographic features reflecting atrial stress, such as increased left atrial diameter (Sβ=0.075; p=0.048). By contrast, these were not among the strongest associates of NT-proBNP levels. Gene set enrichment analysis showed significant overrepresentation in pathways of muscle contraction and extracellular matrix organisation. Higher log-transformed and standardised BMP10 levels predicted a combined outcome of 2-year all-cause mortality and HF rehospitalisation (HR=1.10, 95% CI=1.02–1.19), with the validation cohort yielding comparable results.ConclusionBMP10 emerges as a novel biomarker reflecting atrial stress and remodelling in chronic HF patients. Its additional predictive value for adverse outcomes underscores its potential utility in enhancing risk stratification and guiding therapeutic interventions in HF management.
Antecedent viral immunization and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade: an extensive serum antibody profile to predict outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dall’Olio Filippo G , Zrafi Wael Salem , Blampey Quentin , Danlos Francois-Xavier , Roulleaux-Dugage Matthieu , Roman Gabriel , Naltet Charles , Cournède Paul-Henry , Gautheret Daniel , Aldea Mihaela , Planchard David , Barlesi Fabrice , Marabelle Aurelien , Hulett Tyler , Chaput-Gras Nathalie , Besse Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionImmune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but only a fraction of them obtain a response, and clinical benefit from these treatments is often difficult to predict. The aim of our study is to unveil the potential implications of antibody response to previous viral infections in predicting response to ICBs in patients with NSCLC.MethodsSera from patients treated with ICBs alone, chemotherapy (CT) or a combination of CT-ICBs were analyzed with VirScan (CDI Labs, USA), a high-throughput method that comprehensively analyzes epitope-level antiviral IgG antibodies via programmable phage display and immunoprecipitation sequencing.Total number of unique positive peptides (tUP) was defined as the total number of non-overlapping positive “is a hit” peptides for each patient.ResultsOverall, 387 patients were included. Of them, 129 were treated with ICBs alone, 66 with CT-ICBs and 195 with CT alone. 90 out of 129 patients treated with ICBs alone received ICBs as a subsequent line of treatment, while CT-ICBs and CT were administered as upfront therapies.A higher tUP was correlated with improved overall survival in patients treated with ICBs, and confirmed in the multivariate model (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24, 0.79, p=0.006), while it was not in those treated with CT-ICBs (p=0.8) and CT alone (p=0.1).tUP was not correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, while at the transcriptome level it was correlated with several immune-related pathways, particularly involving B cells.ConclusionA higher number of viral peptides recognized by serum antibodies might reflect increased immune fitness, resulting in improved outcomes in ICBs treated patients with NSCLC.
Marketing strategies in business-to-business advertisements for oral nicotine products
Authors: Sharma Akshika , Belton Amy , Ozga Jenny E , Ling Pamela , Hrywna Mary , Cornacchione Ross Jennifer , Ganz Ollie , Bold Krysten W , Stanton Cassandra 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAlthough the popularity of oral nicotine products (ONPs) such as ZYN and On! is growing globally, there is limited research on their marketing and advertising. This report describes recent ONP marketing communication to retailers. Promotion to retailers can provide insight into new product flavours and styles, as well as future marketing strategies targeting consumers.MethodsWe obtained all unique ONP print and online advertisements (ads) (N=50) targeted towards US businesses between January 2016 and August 2022 from Vivvix (formerly Numerator Ad Intel). Two independent reviewers coded for type of ONP, brand, nicotine strength(s), flavour(s), slogan(s), claim(s) and frequency of each component.ResultsMost ads featured nicotine pouches alone (52%), while 22% featured a mix of ONPs including pouches, tablets and lozenges. By brand, Rogue constituted 36% of ads, followed by Zyn and On! (16% each). Most (82%) ads featured at least one cooling flavour and 48% displayed at least one fruit flavour. Wintergreen flavour appeared most frequently (48%). Most (72%) ads contained a slogan, which frequently highlighted convenience of use (eg, ‘Chew on this Anywhere… Anytime’), bypassing current restrictions on other tobacco and nicotine products use (eg, ‘Laughs at no smoking signs’) and highlighting big profit margins from sales of ONPs for retailers (eg,‘small pouches big margins’).ConclusionThis analysis provides insight into tobacco companies’ strategies for increasing ONP endorsement among retailers. Strategies include appealing to profitability, emphasising convenience of product use and primarily promoting non-tobacco flavours. These findings highlight new trends in ONP products and marketing tactics and identify important areas to monitor to inform tobacco marketing regulations.