bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal osseous dysplasia presenting with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in digital fibromas
Authors: Gontijo Joao R. V. , dos Santos Wandilza F. , Gontijo Bernardo , Happle Rudolf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTerminal osseous dysplasia is a rare, X‐linked syndrome, presumptively embryonic lethal in males, which has recently been described with highly characteristic skin findings. The presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in fibroblasts has been considered an exclusive finding of infantile digital fibromatosis. This is the first report documenting digital fibromas with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in a classic case of terminal osseous dysplasia.
The impact of diaper design on mitigating known causes of diaper dermatitis
Authors: Gustin Jennifer , Gibb Roger , Maltbie David , Roe Donald , Waimin Siu Susana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiapers play a critical role in infant health. In addition to providing sanitary methods of disposing of urine and feces, they can also directly impact skin health. Prolonged exposure to wetness and fecal matter has been shown to be a key driver of diaper dermatitis. This study sought to evaluate how diaper construction can affect absorption of stool.MethodsMethods included laboratory testing of stool absorbency as well as an at‐home diaper evaluation study, which examined a diaper's ability to keep fecal matter from the skin. Breastfed infant stool was given special consideration, as its properties make it difficult to contain.ResultsLaboratory results demonstrated that a meshlike aperture diaper was better able to absorb fecal matter. The at‐home diaper evaluation study confirmed that a meshlike aperture diaper design resulted in fewer instances of stool being present on skin during diaper changes.ConclusionDiapers with a meshlike aperture topsheet may represent a better way to mitigate known causes of diaper dermatitis through their superior ability to absorb fecal matter.
The Educational Consequences of Adolescent Childbearing and Union Formation in Brazil
Authors: Marteleto Letícia J. , Villanueva Aida 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile Brazil has high rates of adolescent fertility for its below‐replacement total fertility rate, we know little about the causal effects of adolescent childbearing and adolescent union formation for women's education. In this paper, we examine unique data from the 2013 School‐to‐Work Transitions Survey to address the consequences of adolescent childbearing and adolescent union formation on educational outcomes of Brazilian young women. We apply several analytical strategies to address the endogeneity between adolescent childbearing and educational outcomes. Our findings suggest that childbearing during the teenage years is detrimental to the educational attainment of Brazilian women, and that educational disadvantages persist once we take into account mother's selection into adolescent childbearing. The penalty for adolescent mothers ranges from −1.66 to −1.80 fewer years of schooling and from 41 to 35 percent difference in the probabilities of graduating from high school. Additional findings show that marital unions among adolescent mothers have a compounding role at further hindering women's educational progress. Combined, our findings suggest that young mothers, particularly those in a marital union, face additional layers of disadvantages, demonstrating that early family formation is a meaningful stratifier for women in an already highly‐stratified society.
Propagation of changes in demand through international trade: A case study of China
Authors: Andritzky Jochen , Kassner Bernhard , Reuter Wolf Heinrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChina’s economy, the second largest in the world, is undergoing a fundamental transition. Its transition from a strong focus on investment and exports towards a larger share of consumption could have important ramifications for China’s trading partners. Using China as a case study, this paper deploys a sectoral input–output (IO) analysis to take into account higher‐round spillovers from a reduction of import demand or a shift in the composition of the Chinese economy. This approach demonstrates strong indirect effects that exceed by far the initial shock from direct trade links, reflecting China’s integration into a closely knit global value chain. The result suggests that the ongoing transition in China will have important effects on the global economy.
Loyalty Points on the Blockchain
Authors: Agrawal Dhwani , Jureczek Natalia , Gopalakrishnan Gajane , Guzman Margaret Natalie , McDonald Michael , Kim Henry 
Published: August 2018

Although some organizations are contemplating the potential impact of blockchain technology in today’s economy, blockchain, itself, is quickly emerging to be a disruptive force. This is especially true in the circumstance of loyalty programs. Blockchain is a public, digital, and distributed database solution providing decentralized management of transactional data. This technology is transforming society in ways that were previously unimaginable. Whether it be the way individuals use their phones, cars, or the healthcare system, blockchain is applicable for a variety of economic sectors and transactions. Although many may argue that blockchain is in its early development stage, it still possesses the power to revolutionize industries and consumer habits at a global scale. Through implementation of blockchain for loyalty networks, companies eliminate the limitations and inefficiencies while elevating the customer experience with secure and immediate redemption options from a variety of vendors. Despite evolving rapidly, its implementations provide better security, privacy, performance, usability, data integrity, and scalability, to name a few. Hence, blockchain is likely to entice any individual for instantaneous incentives for every purchase.This paper aims to analyze the current, traditional loyalty programs and the challenges associated with them. It highlights how blockchain can resolve these challenges and provide a better experience. This report further explores the various types of loyalty programs that currently exist in the blockchain ecosystem and provides potential future implementations. Finally, the paper analyzes the implementation of coupons in comparison with loyalty points programs, highlighting the vast spread of blockchain implementation.
Duality for dyadic triangles
Authors: Matczak K. , Mućka A. , Romanowska A. B. 
Published: August 2018

This paper is a direct continuation of the paper “Duality for dyadic intervals” by the same authors, and can be considered as its second part. Dyadic rationals are rationals whose denominator is a power of 2. Dyadic triangles and dyadic polygons are, respectively, defined as the intersections with the dyadic plane of a triangle or polygon in the real plane whose vertices lie in the dyadic plane. The one-dimensional analogues are dyadic intervals. Algebraically, dyadic polygons carry the structure of a commutative, entropic and idempotent groupoid under the binary operation of arithmetic mean. The first paper dealt with the structure of finitely generated subgroupoids of the dyadic line, which were shown to be isomorphic to dyadic intervals. Then a duality between the class of dyadic intervals and the class of certain subgroupoids of the dyadic unit square was described. The present paper extends the results of the first paper, provides some characterizations of dyadic triangles, and describes a duality for the class of dyadic triangles. As in the case of intervals, the duality is given by an infinite dualizing (schizophrenic) object, the dyadic unit interval. The dual spaces are certain subgroupoids of the dyadic unit cube, considered as (commutative, idempotent and entropic) groupoids with additional constant operations.
The monoids of the patience sorting algorithm
Authors: Cain Alan J. , Malheiro António , Silva Fábio M. 
Published: August 2018

The left patience sorting ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]PS) monoid, also known in the literature as the Bell monoid, and the right patient sorting ([Formula: see text]PS) monoid are introduced by defining certain congruences on words. Such congruences are constructed using insertion algorithms based on the concept of decreasing subsequences. Presentations for these monoids are given.Each finite-rank [Formula: see text]PS monoid is shown to have polynomial growth and to satisfy a nontrivial identity (dependent on its rank), while the infinite rank [Formula: see text]PS monoid does not satisfy any nontrivial identity. Each [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]PS monoid of finite rank has exponential growth and does not satisfy any nontrivial identity. The complexity of the insertion algorithms is discussed.[Formula: see text]PS monoids of finite rank are shown to be automatic and to have recursive complete presentations. When the rank is [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], they are also biautomatic. [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]PS monoids of finite rank are shown to have finite complete presentations and to be biautomatic.
UBC-Nepal expedition: upper and lower limb conduit artery shear stress and flow-mediated dilation on ascent to 5,050 m in lowlanders and Sherpa
Authors: Tremblay Joshua C. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Carter Howard H. , Howe Connor A. , Stembridge Mike , Willie Christopher K. , Gasho Christopher , MacLeod David B. , Pyke Kyra E. , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: August 2018

The study of conduit artery endothelial adaptation to hypoxia has been restricted to the brachial artery, and comparisons with highlanders have been confounded by differences in altitude exposure, exercise, and unknown levels of blood viscosity. To address these gaps, we tested the hypothesis that lowlanders, but not Sherpa, would demonstrate decreased mean shear stress and increased retrograde shear stress and subsequently reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the upper and lower limb conduit arteries on ascent to 5,050 m. Healthy lowlanders (means ± SD, n = 22, 28 ± 6 yr) and Sherpa ( n = 12, 34 ± 11 yr) ascended over 10 days, with measurements taken on nontrekking days at 1,400 m (baseline), 3,440 m ( day 4), 4,371 m ( day 7), and 5,050 m ( day 10). Arterial blood gases, blood viscosity, shear stress, and FMD [duplex ultrasound of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries (BA and SFA, respectively)] were acquired at each time point. Ascent decreased mean and increased retrograde shear stress in the upper and lower limb of lowlanders and Sherpa. Although BA FMD decreased in lowlanders from 7.1 ± 3.9% to 3.8 ± 2.8% at 5,050 versus 1,400 m ( P < 0.001), SFA FMD was preserved. In Sherpa, neither BA nor SFA FMD were changed upon ascent to 5,050 m. In lowlanders, the ascent-related exercise may favorably influence endothelial function in the active limb (SFA); selective impairment in FMD in the BA in lowlanders is likely mediated via the low mean or high oscillatory baseline shear stress. In contrast, Sherpa presented protected endothelial function, suggesting a potential vascular aspect of high-altitude acclimatization/adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Upper and lower limb arterial shear stress and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were assessed on matched ascent from 1,400 to 5,050 m in lowlanders and Sherpa. A shear stress pattern associated with vascular dysfunction/risk manifested in both limbs of lowlanders and Sherpa. FMD was impaired only in the upper limb of lowlanders. The findings indicate a limb-specific impact of high-altitude trekking on FMD and a vascular basis to acclimatization wherein endothelial function is protected in Sherpa on ascent
Comutations in DNA Damage Response Pathways Serve as Potential Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Zhao Jing , Wang Guoqiang , Zhang Fan , Zhang Zemin , Zhang Fan , Zhang Yuzi , Dong Hua , Zhao Xiaochen , Duan Jianchun , Bai Hua , Tian Yanhua , Wan Rui , Han Miao , Cao Yan , Xiong Lei , Liu Li , Wang Shuhang , Cai Shangli , Mok Tony S.K. , Wang Jie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Biomarkers such as programmed death receptor 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and high microsatellite instability are potentially applicable to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, several challenges such as defining the cut-off value, test platform uniformity, and low frequencies limit their broad clinical application. Here we identify comutations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways of homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair (HRR-MMR) or HRR and base excision repair (HRR-BER; defined as co-mut+) that are associated with increased TMB and neoantigen load and increased levels of immune gene expression signatures. In four public clinical cohorts, co-mut+ patients presented a higher objective response rate and a longer progression-free survival or overall survival than co-mut− patients. Overall, identification of DDR comutations in HRR-MMR or HRR-BER as predictors of response to ICB provides a potentially convenient approach for future clinical practice.
Significance: Identification of comutations in specific DDR pathways as predictors of superior survival outcomes in response to immune checkpoint blockade provide a clinically convenient approach for estimation of tumor mutational burden and delivery of ICB therapy. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6486–96. ©2018 AACR.
A Five-MicroRNA Signature Predicts Survival and Disease Control of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Negative for HPV Infection
Authors: Hess Julia , Unger Kristian , Maihoefer Cornelius , Schüttrumpf Lars , Wintergerst Ludmila , Heider Theresa , Weber Peter , Marschner Sebastian , Braselmann Herbert , Samaga Daniel , Kuger Sebastian , Pflugradt Ulrike , Baumeister Philipp , Walch Axel , Woischke Christine , Kirchner Thomas , Werner Martin , Werner Kristin , Baumann Michael , Budach Volker , Combs Stephanie E. , Debus Jürgen , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Krause Mechthild , Linge Annett , Rödel Claus , Stuschke Martin , Zips Daniel , Zitzelsberger Horst , Ganswindt Ute , Henke Michael , Belka Claus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurpose:Human papillomavirus (HPV)–negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with unfavorable prognosis, while independent prognostic markers remain to be defined.Experimental Design:We retrospectively performed miRNA expression profiling. Patients were operated for locally advanced HPV-negative HNSCC and had received radiochemotherapy in eight different hospitals (DKTK-ROG; n = 85). Selection fulfilled comparable demographic, treatment, and follow-up characteristics. Findings were validated in an independent single-center patient sample (LMU-KKG; n = 77). A prognostic miRNA signature was developed for freedom from recurrence and tested for other endpoints. Recursive-partitioning analysis was performed on the miRNA signature, tumor and nodal stage, and extracapsular nodal spread. Technical validation used qRT-PCR. An miRNA–mRNA target network was generated and analyzed.Results:For DKTK-ROG and LMU-KKG patients, the median follow-up was 5.1 and 5.3 years, and the 5-year freedom from recurrence rate was 63.5% and 75.3%, respectively. A five-miRNA signature (hsa-let-7g-3p, hsa-miR-6508-5p, hsa-miR-210-5p, hsa-miR-4306, and hsa-miR-7161-3p) predicted freedom from recurrence in DKTK-ROG [hazard ratio (HR) 4.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.98−9.88, P &lt; 0.001], which was confirmed in LMU-KKG (HR 4.24; 95% CI, 1.40−12.81, P = 0.005). The signature also predicted overall survival (HR 3.03; 95% CI, 1.50−6.12, P = 0.001), recurrence-free survival (HR 3.16; 95% CI, 1.65−6.04, P &lt; 0.001), and disease-specific survival (HR 5.12; 95% CI, 1.88−13.92, P &lt; 0.001), all confirmed in LMU-KKG data. Adjustment for relevant covariates maintained the miRNA signature predicting all endpoints. Recursive-partitioning analysis of both samples combined classified patients into low (n = 17), low-intermediate (n = 80), high-intermediate (n = 48), or high risk (n = 17) for recurrence (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions:The five-miRNA signature is a strong and independent prognostic factor for disease recurrence and survival of patients with HPV-negative HNSCC.See related commentary by Clump et al., p. 1441
Rare but Recurrent ROS1 Fusions Resulting From Chromosome 6q22 Microdeletions are Targetable Oncogenes in Glioma
Authors: Davare Monika A. , Henderson Jacob J. , Agarwal Anupriya , Wagner Jacob P. , Iyer Sudarshan R. , Shah Nameeta , Woltjer Randy , Somwar Romel , Gilheeney Stephen W. , DeCarvalo Ana , Mikkelson Tom , Van Meir Erwin G. , Ladanyi Marc , Druker Brian J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Gliomas, a genetically heterogeneous group of primary central nervous system tumors, continue to pose a significant clinical challenge. Discovery of chromosomal rearrangements involving kinase genes has enabled precision therapy, and improved outcomes in several malignancies.

Experimental Design:
Positing that similar benefit could be accomplished for patients with brain cancer, we evaluated The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma dataset. Functional validation of the oncogenic potential and inhibitory sensitivity of discovered ROS1 fusions was performed using three independent cell-based model systems, and an in vivo murine xenograft study.

Results:
In silico analysis revealed previously unreported intrachromosomal 6q22 microdeletions that generate ROS1-fusions from TCGA glioblastoma dataset. ROS1 fusions in primary glioma and ependymoma were independently corroborated from MSK-IMPACT and Foundation Medicine clinical datasets. GOPC–ROS1 is a recurrent ROS1 fusion in primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. CEP85L–ROS1 and GOPC–ROS1 are transforming oncogenes in cells of astrocytic lineage, and amenable to pharmacologic inhibition with several ROS1 inhibitors even when occurring concurrently with other cancer hotspot aberrations frequently associated with glioblastoma. Oral monotherapy with a brain-permeable ROS1 inhibitor, lorlatinib, significantly prolonged survival in an intracranially xenografted tumor model generated from a ROS1 fusion-positive glioblastoma cell line.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight that CNS tumors should be specifically interrogated for these rare intrachromosomal 6q22 microdeletion events that generate actionable ROS1 fusions. ROS1 fusions in primary brain cancer may be amenable for clinical intervention with kinase inhibitors, and this holds the potential of novel treatment paradigms in these treatment-refractory cancer types, particularly in glioblastoma.
Improving Military Dogs’ Welfare: Is there a Place for Handlers’ Beliefs and Perceptions?
Authors: Chaniotakis Ioannis , Evangelos Diamantakos , Georgios Mantziaras , Andreas Manousoudakis , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study examined whether the perceptions/beliefs of the staff working with Military Dogs (MDs) may reveal possible factors affecting the welfare of MDs of the Hellenic Air Force Support Command (HAFSC). Visits were made to all Units (n= 5) that had MDs (n= 58) and military staff (n= 63) assigned to work with them. Each participant completed a questionnaire which included questions about demographic data and their perceptions and beliefs towards MDs. The research revealed evidence for possible factors that may affect the welfare of MDs. These factors were identified in the procedures of veterinary support, training, relaxation, and the general living conditions of MDs. According to the results, the recording of perceptions—beliefs of staff working with MDs—is a tool which can reveal possible factors affecting the dogs’ welfare. This study may stand as a guide for drafting welfare standards for MDs.
History, Heritage, and Myth
Authors: Simmons Caleb 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This essay examines popular and public discourse surrounding the broad, amorphous, and largely grassroots campaign to “Save Chamundi Hill” in Mysore City. The focus of this study is in the development of the language of “heritage” relating to the Hill starting in the mid-2000s that implicitly connected its heritage to the mythic events of the slaying of the buffalo-demon. This essay argues that the connection between the Hill and “heritage” grows from an assumption that the landscape is historically important because of its role in the myth of the goddess and the buffalo-demon, which is interwoven into the city’s history. It demonstrates that this assumption is rooted within a local historical consciousness that places mythic events within the chronology of human history that arose as a negotiation of Indian and colonial understandings of historiography.
Reflections on My Studies of the Roman Cults of Mithras for the Historical and Comparative Study of Religions
Authors: Martin Luther H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractI have spent a number of years focusing my research on the Roman Cults of Mithras. In this autobiographical reflection on that study, I consider the relationship between research on a specific, if perhaps obscure, religious tradition and methodological and theoretical issues in historical and comparative studies of religion generally.
Insolation and the Prediction of Maximum Temperatures
Authors: Neiburger M. 
Published: August 2018

The amount of energy required to change the lapse rate of an atmospheric layer from one value to another is given by Q = (γ2 − γ1) QI whereis the energy required to change the layer of thickness zo and mean density ρm from isothermal to dry adiabatic conditions. The height to which a given amount of effective insolation will establish an adiabatic lapse rate may be found by means of this formula, given the temperature- height curve in the early morning, and from this the expected maximum temperature may be evaluated.
Of the total solar radiation received at the ground, some is reflected, some goes to heat the earth's surface, some is sent back as long-wave radiation, some is used in evaporation, and the remainder is effective in heating the lower layers of the atmosphere. Estimates are made of the amounts used in the first four ways. These amounts subtracted from the average insolation received on clear days leave the effective insolation for changing the lapse rate near the ground.
The effective insolation at Chicago is arrived at in this way. Using these values, the maximum temperature was computed for several days when advective change was expected to be slight. The agreement with observation was found to be excellent.