bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coca-Cola’s political and policy influence in Mexico: understanding the role of institutions, interests and divided society
Authors: Gómez Eduardo J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In response to Mexico’s burgeoning industrial epidemics of obesity and type-2 diabetes, triggered in part by sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages’ ability to readily market their products and influence consumption, the government has responded through a variety of non-communicable disease (NCD) policies. Nevertheless, major industries, such as Coca-Cola, have been able to continuously obstruct the prioritization of those policies targeting the consumption, marketing and sale of their products. To better understand why this has occurred, this article introduces a political science agenda-setting framework and applies it to the case of Coca-Cola in Mexico. Devised from political science theory and subsequently applied to the case of Coca-Cola in Mexico, my framework, titled Institutions, Interests, and Industry Civic Influence (IPIC), emphasizes Coca-Cola’s access to institutions, supportive presidents and industry efforts to hamper civic mobilization and pressures for greater regulation of the soda industry. Methodologically, I employ qualitative single case study analysis, combining an analysis of 26 case study documents and seven in-depth stake-holder interviews. My proposed analytical framework helps to underscore the fact that Coca-Cola’s influence is not solely shaped by the corporation’s increased economic importance, but more importantly, its access to politicians, institutions and strategies to divide civil society. Additionally, my proposed framework provides several real-world policy recommendations for how governments and civil society can restructure their relationship with the soda industry, such as the government’s creation of laws prohibiting the industry’s ability to influence NCD policy and fund scientific research.
Responding to Threats Both Foreign and Domestic: NOD-Like Receptors in Corals
Authors: Dimos Bradford A , Butler Caleb C , Ricci Contessa A , MacKnight Nicholas J , Mydlarz Laura D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Historically mechanisms with which basal animals such as reef-building corals use to respond to changing and increasingly stressful environments have remained elusive. However, the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data from these organisms has provided fundamental insights into the biology of these critically important ecosystem engineers. Notably, insights into cnidarians gained in the post-genomics age have revealed a surprisingly complex immune system which bears a surprising level of similarity with the vertebrate innate immune system. This system has been critically linked to how corals respond to the two most prominent threats on a global scale, emerging coral diseases and increasing water temperature, which are recognized cellularly as either foreign or domestic threats, respectively. These threats can arise from pathogenic microbes or internal cellular dysfunction, underscoring the need to further understand mechanisms corals use to sense and respond to threats to their cellular integrity. In this investigation and meta-analysis, we utilize resources only recently available in the post-genomic era to identify and characterize members of an underexplored class of molecules known as NOD-like receptors in the endangered Caribbean coral Orbicella faveolata. We then leverage these data to identify pathways possibly mediated by NLRs in both O. faveolata and the ecologically important branching coral Acropora digitifera. Overall, we find support that this class of proteins may provide a mechanistic link to how reef-building corals respond to threats both foreign and domestic.
Requirement for memory B-cell activation in protection from heterologous influenza virus reinfection
Authors: Leach Sarah , Shinnakasu Ryo , Adachi Yu , Momota Masatoshi , Makino-Okamura Chieko , Yamamoto Takuya , Ishii Ken J , Fukuyama Hidehiro , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Kurosaki Tomohiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While two memory compartments, memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells, are thought to contribute to the successful establishment of memory recall responses, the unique roles of each cellular compartment are still unclear. Herein, by tracing influenza anti-hemagglutinin (HA)-specific antibodies in mice, we demonstrate that pre-existing antibodies secreted by long-lived plasma cells are essential for protection from reinfection with the same influenza virus, whereas protection from secondary infection with an antigenically distinct influenza virus requires memory B-cell activation. These activated memory B cells were largely specific for the conserved HA stem region, and generated sufficient levels of antibodies for protection from heterologous reinfection. Given that the anti-stem plasmablasts derived from the memory B cells were higher affinity than those from naive B cells, our results suggest that maturation of anti-stem memory B cells during primary influenza infection and their subsequent activation are required for protection from reinfection by mutant viruses.
Japan’s evolving threat perception: data from diet deliberations 1946–2017
Authors: Oren Eitan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScholars have recently commented on Japan’s increasing threat perception, either in the context of an ‘increasingly complex security environment’, or in the context of its use by Japanese elites to advance their political goals. Yet, while references to Japan’s threat perception are ubiquitous, conceptual clarity and comprehensive empirical evidence are far less so. This article seeks to address these gaps by conducting a longitudinal study of threat perception in postwar Japan. Data are driven from content analysis of debates in Japan’s national parliament over a period of seven decades (1946–2017). The evolution of Japan’s threat perception is analyzed, and a revisionist account of Japan’s threat perception is put forward. Thus, this study serves both as a metric of threat perception in postwar Japan and as a model for the study of threat perception in international relations.
A preliminary report of head-to-head comparison of 18-gene-based clinical-genomic model and oncotype DX 21-gene assay for predicting recurrence of early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Yang Po-Sheng , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Chung Chi-Feng , Chang Yuan-Ching , Wang Ming-Yang , Lo Chiao , Tsai Li Wei , Shih Kuan-Hui , Lei Jason , Yu Ben-Long , Cheng Skye H , Huang Chiun-Sheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe information of Oncotype DX applied in Asian breast cancer patients is limited. A recurrence index for distant recurrence (RI-DR) has been developed for early-stage breast cancer (EBC) from tumor samples in Chinese patients. In this study, we compared the prognostic performance of the Oncotype DX (ODx) recurrence score (RS) with the RI-DR for any recurrence risk type.Materials and methodsOne hundred thirty-eight (138) patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative EBC who were previously tested with ODx were included for testing with the RI-DR. The cutoff score to partition the low- and high-risk patients was 26 for RS and 36 for RI-DR. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsThe concordance between the RI-DR and RS was 83% in N0 patients and 81% in node-positive patients when the RS score cutoff was set at 26. With a median follow-up interval of 36.8 months, the 4-year RFS for the high- and low-risk groups categorized by the RS were 61.9% and 95.0%, respectively (hazard ratio: 10.6, 95.0% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–62.9). The 4-year RFS in the high- and low-risk groups categorized by the RI-DR were 72.6% and 98.5%, respectively (hazard ratio: 18.9, 95% CI: 1.8–138.8).ConclusionThis paper illustrated the performance of RI-DR and ODx RS in breast cancer women in Taiwan. There was high concordance between the RI-DR and RS. The RI-DR is not inferior to the RS in predicting RFS in EBC patients. This study will fill the gap between the current and best practice in Chinese patients.
Capital Assembly
Authors: Akerlof Robert , Holden Richard 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article explores the problem of assembling capital for projects. It can be difficult to assemble capital, when it is disaggregated, for a project that exhibits increasing returns. Small investors may be reluctant to participate, as they may question the ability of the project owner to raise the additional capital he requires. This suggests the possibility that agents with blocks of capital (capital that is already aggregated) might earn rents. Similarly, agents with “network capital”—that is, an ability to aggregate the capital of others—may earn rents. In this article, we develop a simple theory of capital assembly and discuss the implications for investment and rent distribution.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with concomitant Morgagni hernia repair
Authors: Alqahtani Awadh , Aljohani Emad , Almadi Fahad , Billa Srikar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 36-year-old morbidly obese female with BMI 66 kg/m2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Prior to the surgery patient had symptoms of mild dyspnea, vague abdominal discomfort. CAT scan of thorax and abdomen revealed a right-sided large morgagni diaphragmatic hernia containing omentum and portion of the transverse colon. Patient elected to undergo Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and concomitant morgagni diaphragmatic hernia repair. The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on post-operative Day 2.This case is an extremely rare case of super obese patient with Morgagni hernia who desires bariatric surgery and found to have incidental finding of morgagni hernia. This kind of combination can safely undergo concomitant laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh and sleeve gastrectomy.
Correlation between Osteoprotegerin Levels and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Parameters
Authors: Caraiola Simona , Dima Alina , Jurcut Ciprian , Jurcut Ruxandra , Baicus Cristian , Baicus Anda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
To identify the osteoprotegerin (OPG) correlates with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) parameters.

Methods
Our cohort included 40 patients with primary APS disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (mean age, 43.7 years; 87% female). Data on cardiovascular risk factors and specific clinical events in APS were collected. Then we tested OPG and 10 criteria and noncriteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) on preserved specimens in all cases.

Results
A total of 26 patients (65%) had high serum OPG levels. Patients with high OPG were mostly overweight. In patients with SLE, the OPG levels were associated with anti–double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-Sm titers. However, we did not find significant correlations of the OPG with any of the 10 aPLs tested. Also, we found no relationship regarding venous APS events.

Conclusion
In APS, high OPG levels are not linked to serum aPL expression.
Constraining the duty cycle of transient low-mass X-ray binaries through simulations
Authors: Carbone D , Wijnands R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We performed simulations of a large number of so-called very faint X-ray transient sources from surveys obtained using the X-ray telescope aboard the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory on two Galactic globular clusters, and the Galactic Centre. We calculated the ratio between the duty cycle (DC) we input in our simulations and the one we measure after the simulations. We found that fluctuations in outburst duration and recurrence times affect our estimation of the DC more than non-detected outbursts. This biases our measures to overestimate the simulated DC of sources. Moreover, we determined that compact surveys are necessary to detect outbursts with short duration because they could fall in gaps between observations, if such gaps are longer than their duration. On the other hand, long surveys are necessary to detect sources with low DC because the smallest DC a survey can observe is given by the ratio between the shortest outburst duration and the total length of the survey. If one has a limited amount of observing time, these two effects are competing, and a compromise is required which is set by the goals of the proposed survey. We have also performed simulations with several artificial survey strategies in order to evaluate the optimal observing campaign aimed at detecting transients as well as at having the most accurate estimates of the DC. As expected, the best campaign would be a regular and dense monitoring that extends for a very long period. The closest real example of such a data set is the monitoring of the Galactic Centre.
The nature of submillimetre and highly star-forming galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
Authors: McAlpine Stuart , Smail Ian , Bower Richard G , Swinbank A M , Trayford James W , Theuns Tom , Baes Maarten , Camps Peter , Crain Robert A , Schaye Joop 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We exploit EAGLE, a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, to reproduce the selection of the observed submillimetre (submm) galaxy population by selecting the model galaxies at z ≥ 1 with mock submm fluxes $S_{850\, \mu \mathrm{m}}$ ≥ 1 mJy. We find a reasonable agreement between the model galaxies within this sample and the properties of the observed submm population, such as their star formation rates (SFRs) at z < 3, redshift distribution, and many integrated galaxy properties. We find that the median redshift of the $S_{850\, \mu \mathrm{m}}$ ≥ 1 mJy model population is z ≈ 2.5, and that they are massive galaxies (M* ∼ 1011 M⊙) with high dust masses (Mdust ∼ 108 M⊙), gas fractions (fgas ≈ 50 per cent), and SFRs ($\dot{M}_* \approx 100$ M⊙ yr−1). In addition, we find that they have major and minor merger fractions similar to the general population, suggesting that mergers are not the sole driver of the high SFRs in the model submm galaxies. Instead, the $S_{850\, \mu \mathrm{m}}$ ≥ 1 mJy model galaxies yield high SFRs primarily because they maintain a significant gas reservoir as a result of hosting an undermassive black hole relative to comparably massive galaxies. Not all ‘highly star-forming’ ($\dot{M}_* \ge 80$ M⊙ yr−1) eagle galaxies have submm fluxes $S_{850\, \mu \mathrm{m}}$ ≥ 1 mJy. We investigate the nature of these highly star-forming ‘Submm-Faint’ galaxies (i.e. $\dot{M}_* \ge 80$ M⊙ yr−1 but $S_{850\, \mu \mathrm{m}}$ < 1 mJy) and find that they are similar to the model submm galaxies, being gas rich and hosting undermassive black holes. However, they are also typically at higher redshifts (z > 4) and are lower mass (M* ∼ 1010 M⊙). These typically higher redshift galaxies show stronger evidence for having been triggered by major mergers, and critically, they are likely missed by most current submm surveys due to their higher dust temperatures and lower dust masses.
The dark matter profiles in the Milky Way
Authors: Lin Hai-Nan , Li Xin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We investigate the dark matter profile of the Milky Way using the observed rotation curve data out to 100 kpc. The baryonic matter of the Milky Way is divided into bulge, disc, and gas components, and each component is modelled using various possible mass profiles available in literature. The arbitrary combination of seven bulge profiles, four disc profiles, and two gas profiles results in 56 baryon models. These baryon models are combined with one of the four dark matter profiles: Burkert profile, core-modified profile, pseudo-isothermal profile, and NFW profile, to fit the observed rotation curve data. Results show that in general the NFW profile fits the data better than the Burkert profile, while the core-modified profile and the pseudo-isothermal profile are essentially ruled out. The best-fitting NFW model has the scale length r0 = 8.1 ± 0.7 kpc, and the corresponding local density of dark matter is ρdm(R = R⊙) = 0.51 ± 0.09 GeV cm−3.
Constraints on cosmic-ray transport in galaxy clusters from radio and γ-ray observations
Authors: Wiener Joshua , Zweibel Ellen G 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The nature of cosmic rays (CRs) and their transport in galaxy clusters is probed by several observations. Radio observations reveal synchrotron radiation of cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) spiralling around cluster magnetic fields. γ-ray observations reveal hadronic reactions of cosmic-ray protons (CRp) with gas nuclei that produce pions. No such cluster-wide γ-ray signal has been measured, putting an upper limit on the density of CRp in clusters. But the presence of CRe implies some source of CRp, and consequently there must be some CRp-loss mechanism. We quantify the observational constraints on this mechanism assuming that losses are dominated by CR transport, ultimately deriving lower limits on this transport. Using the Coma cluster as an example, we find that bulk outward speeds of 10–100 km s−1 are sufficient to reduce γ-radiation below current upper limits. These speeds are sub-Alfvénic and are consistent with a self-confinement model for CR transport if the magnetic field is coherent on large scales. If the transport is diffusive, we require minimum diffusion coefficients of 1031–1032 cm2 s−1. This is consistent with CRs free streaming at the speed of light along a field tangled on length-scales of a few kpc. We find that a model of the Coma cluster with a tangled field and the self-confinement picture together can be consistent with observations if the relative acceleration efficiency of CR protons is less than 15 times more than that of electrons of the same energy. This value is 3–6 times lower than the same quantity for Galactic cosmic rays.
The dependence of AGN activity on environment in SDSS
Authors: Man Zhong-yi , Peng Ying-jie , Kong Xu , Guo Ke-xin , Zhang Cheng-peng , Dou Jing 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Environment is one of the key external drivers of the galaxies, while active galactic nucleus (AGN) is one of the key internal drivers. Both of them play fundamental roles in regulating the formation and evolution of galaxies. We explore the interrelationship between environment and AGN in SDSS. At a given stellar mass, the specific star formation rate distribution of the AGN host galaxies remains unchanged with overdensity, with the peak of the distribution around the Green Valley. We show that, at a given stellar mass, the AGN fraction that has been commonly used in previous studies (defined as the number of AGNs relative to all galaxies including passive and star forming ones) does decrease with increasing overdensity for satellites. This is largely due to the fact that the fraction of passive galaxies strongly depends on environment. In order to investigate the intrinsic correlation between AGN and environment, especially under the assumption that AGN feedback is responsible for star formation quenching, the AGN fraction should be defined as the number of AGNs relative to the star-forming galaxies only. With the new definition, we find little dependence of AGN fraction on overdensity, central/satellite, and group halo mass. There is only marginal evidence that AGN may prefer denser regions, which is possibly due to more frequent interaction of galaxies or higher merger rate in groups. Our results support the scenario that internal secular evolution is the predominant mechanism of triggering AGN activity, while external environment related processes only play a minor role.
The diversity of the circumgalactic medium around z = 0 Milky Way-mass galaxies from the Auriga simulations
Authors: Hani Maan H , Ellison Sara L , Sparre Martin , Grand Robert J J , Pakmor Rüediger , Gomez Facundo A , Springel Volker 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Galaxies are surrounded by massive gas reservoirs (i.e. the circumgalactic medium; CGM) which play a key role in their evolution. The properties of the CGM, which are dependent on a variety of internal and environmental factors, are often inferred from absorption line surveys which rely on a limited number of single lines-of-sight. In this work we present an analysis of 28 galaxy haloes selected from the Auriga project, a cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical zoom-in simulation suite of isolated Milky Way-mass galaxies, to understand the impact of CGM diversity on observational studies. Although the Auriga haloes are selected to populate a narrow range in halo mass, our work demonstrates that the CGM of L⋆ galaxies is extremely diverse: column densities of commonly observed species span ∼3 − 4 dex and their covering fractions range from ${\sim } 5$ to $90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Despite this diversity, we identify the following correlations: 1) the covering fractions (CF) of hydrogen and metals of the Auriga haloes positively correlate with stellar mass, 2) the CF of H i, C iv, and Si ii anticorrelate with active galactic nucleus luminosity due to ionization effects, and 3) the CF of H i, C iv, and Si ii positively correlate with galaxy disc fraction due to outflows populating the CGM with cool and dense gas. The Auriga sample demonstrates striking diversity within the CGM of L⋆ galaxies, which poses a challenge for observations reconstructing CGM characteristics from limited samples, and also indicates that long-term merger assembly history and recent star formation are not the dominant sculptors of the CGM.
Do reverberation mapping analyses provide an accurate picture of the broad-line region?
Authors: Mangham S W , Knigge C , Williams P , Horne Keith , Pancoast A , Matthews J H , Long K S , Sim S A , Higginbottom N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Reverberation mapping (RM) is a powerful approach for determining the nature of the broad-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei. However, inferring physical BLR properties from an observed spectroscopic time series is a difficult inverse problem. Here, we present a blind test of two widely used RM methods: MEMEcho (developed by Horne) and CARAMEL (developed by Pancoast and collaborators). The test data are simulated spectroscopic time series that track the Hα emission line response to an empirical continuum light curve. The underlying BLR model is a rotating, biconical accretion disc wind, and the synthetic spectra are generated via self-consistent ionization and radiative transfer simulations. We generate two mock data sets, representing Seyfert galaxies and QSOs. The Seyfert model produces a largely negative response, which neither method can recover. However, both fail ‘gracefully', neither generating spurious results. For the QSO model both CARAMEL and expert interpretation of MEMEchoś output both capture the broadly annular, rotation-dominated nature of the line-forming region, though MEMEcho analysis overestimates its size by 50 per cent, but CARAMEL is unable to distinguish between additional inflow and outflow components. Despite fitting individual spectra well, the CARAMEL velocity-delay maps and RMS line profiles are strongly inconsistent with the input data. Finally, since the Hα line-forming region is rotation dominated, neither method recovers the disc wind nature of the underlying BLR model. Thus considerable care is required when interpreting the results of RM analyses in terms of physical models.