bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5F‐MDMB‐PICA metabolite identification and cannabinoid receptor activity
Authors: Truver Michael T. , Watanabe Shimpei , Åstrand Anna , Vikingsson Svante , Green Henrik , Swortwood Madeleine J. , Kronstrand Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccording to the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), there were 179 different synthetic cannabinoids reported as of 2017. In the USA, 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA, or 5F‐ADB, accounted for 28% of cannabinoid seizures 2016–2018. The synthetic cannabinoid, 5F‐MDMB‐PICA, is structurally similar to 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA with an indole group replacing the indazole. Limited data exist from in vivo or in vitro metabolic studies of these synthetic cannabinoids, so potential metabolites to identify use may be missed. The goals of this study were to (a) investigate 5F‐MDMB‐PICA and 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA in vitro metabolism utilizing human hepatocytes; (b) to verify in vitro metabolites by analyzing authentic case specimens; and (c) to identify the potency and efficacy of 5F‐MDMB‐PICA and 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA by examining activity at the CB1 receptor. Biotransformations found in this study included phase I transformations and phase II transformations. A total of 22 5F‐MDMB‐PICA metabolites (A1 to A22) were identified. From hepatocyte incubations and urine samples, 21 metabolites (B1 to B21) were identified with 3 compounds unique to urine specimens for 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA. Phase II glucuronides were identified in 5F‐MDMB‐PICA (n = 3) and 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA (n = 5). For both compounds, ester hydrolysis and ester hydrolysis in combination with oxidative defluorination were the most prevalent metabolites produced in vitro. Additionally, the conversion of ester hydrolysis with oxidative defluorination to pentanoic acid for the first time was identified for 5F‐MDMB‐PICA. Therefore, these metabolites would be potentially good biomarkers for screening urine of suspected intoxication of 5F‐MDMB‐PICA or 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA. Both 5F‐MDMB‐PICA and 5F‐MDMB‐PINACA were acting as full agonists at the CB1 receptor with higher efficacy and similar potency as JWH‐018.
Life history alterations upon oral and hemocoelic bacterial exposure in the butterfly Melitaea cinxia
Authors: Woestmann Luisa , Stucki Dimitri , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLife history strategies often shape biological interactions by specifying the parameters for possible encounters, such as the timing, frequency, or way of exposure to parasites. Consequentially, alterations in life‐history strategies are closely intertwined with such interaction processes. Understanding the connection between life‐history alterations and host–parasite interactions can therefore be important to unveil potential links between adaptation to environmental change and changes in interaction processes. Here, we studied how two different host–parasite interaction processes, oral and hemocoelic exposure to bacteria, affect various life histories of the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia. We either fed or injected adult butterflies with the bacterium Micrococcus luteus and observed for differences in immune defenses, reproductive life histories, and longevity, compared to control exposures. Our results indicate differences in how female butterflies adapt to the two exposure types. Orally infected females showed a reduction in clutch size and an earlier onset of reproduction, whereas a reduction in egg weight was observed for hemocoelically exposed females. Both exposure types also led to shorter intervals between clutches and a reduced life span. These results indicate a relationship between host–parasite interactions and changes in life‐history strategies. This relationship could cast restrictions on the ability to adapt to new environments and consequentially influence the population dynamics of a species in changing environmental conditions.
Omega‐3 and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids‐Enriched Hamburgers Using Sterol‐Based Oleogels
Authors: Martins Artur J. , Lorenzo José M. , Franco Daniel , Vicente António A. , Cunha Rosiane L. , Pastrana Lorenzo M. , Quiñones John , Cerqueira Miguel A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity and cardiovascular diseases are among the most worrying health problems worldwide. Dietary habits can be catalysts for the rise of these health issues in western countries. In this work, a meat product (pork patties) commonly elaborated with a high fraction of saturated fat is reformulated with an oleogel based on linseed oil (rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids). The oleogel is used for the partial replacement of the solid fat fraction present in pork patties (H‐25 for 25% and H‐75 for 75% of replacement). Incorporation of oleogels results in the modification of the fatty acid profile and in the significant decrease of the omega‐6/omega‐3 ratio. Results show that for both degrees of fat substitution, there are no differences between the patties produced with oleogel incorporation and the control, regarding textural parameters such as hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness. Overall, samples with less amount of oleogel (H‐25) are well classified in the acceptance and preference tests, despite the clear preference among the sensorial panel toward the control samples. These results show the feasibility of introducing oleogels as a fat replacer in the manufacturing process of pork patties, though there is still work to be done regarding some of their sensorial attributes.Practical Applications: The purpose of this work is focused on the study of the properties of meat patties after the replacement of saturated fat with a multicomponent oleogel, foreseeing the hamburger production. The results show that the oleogel incorporation in meat patties is possible at the industrial level without additional unitary steps during meat patty production. Based on this work it is possible to produce meat patties with adjusted fatty acids profiles.
Does variable channel morphology lead to dynamic salmon habitat?
Authors: Reid David A. , Hassan Marwan A. , Bird Stephen , Pike Robin , Tschaplinski Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStream channel morphology forms the template upon which hydraulic aspects of aquatic habitat are created, yet spatial and temporal variability in habitat imposed by changing morphology is not well understood. This paper presents a conceptual model linking sediment supply patterns to spatial and temporal variability in channel form and aquatic habitat. To evaluate this model, change over time in three habitat variables is quantified using a 2D hydrodynamic modeling approach. A 45‐year record of topographic data from Carnation Creek, a catchment in coastal British Columbia, is used for the flow modeling. Using the Nays2DH modeling platform, water depths and velocities are simulated in eight channel segments located at different positions relative to locations of historical colluvial input using seven flow levels ranging from 3% to 400% of mean annual discharge (0.02 to 3.31 m
s
). Results indicate that habitat availability changes through time as a result of sediment supply‐driven changes to channel morphology and wood loads, but patterns in habitat vary as a function of dominant channel segment morphology. Spatial and temporal variability in morphology also influences the relationship between habitat availability and river discharge, leading to non‐stationary habitat‐discharge rating curves. When habitat areas are predicted by applying these curves to daily flow series spanning annual dry seasons, over 50% of the variance in cumulative seasonal habitat area can be explained by year‐to‐year changes in channel morphology and wood loading, indicating that changing morphology is an important factor for driving temporal habitat variability. This variance is related to the morphological variability of a channel segment, which in turn is associated with the segment position relative to zones of colluvial input. Collectively, these results suggest that variability in habitat is impacted by channel morphology, and can be evaluated partly on the basis of a channel's sediment supply regime. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ciprofloxacin/Gatifloxacin‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin Hybrids and Their In Vitro Anticancer Activity
Authors: Jiang Dan , Zhang Guifu 
Published: August 2019

Eleven novel ciprofloxacin/gatifloxacin‐1,2,3‐triazole‐isatin hybrids (8a–k) were designed, synthesized, and screened for their in vitro anticancer activity in this paper. A significant part of the synthesized hybrids was active against A549, HepG2, and SF‐268 cancer cell lines, whereas the parent drugs ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin were devoid of activity. Among them, hybrid 8i (IC50: 78.1–90.7 μM) was found to be the most active against A549, HepG2, and SF‐268 cancer cell lines, and it was comparable with or better than Vorinostat (IC50: 71.1 to >100 μM). Thus, these kind hybrids have potentiality for discovery of new anticancer candidates for clinical deployment in the control and eradication of cancers.
Fully automated localization of prostate peripheral zone tumors on apparent diffusion coefficient map MR images using an ensemble learning method
Authors: Zabihollahy Fatemeh , Ukwatta Eranga , Krishna Satheesh , Schieda Nicola 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundAccurate detection and localization of prostate cancer (PCa) in men undergoing prostate MRI is a fundamental step for future targeted prostate biopsies and treatment planning. Fully automated localization of peripheral zone (PZ) PCa using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map might be clinically useful.Purpose/HypothesisTo describe automated localization of PCa in the PZ on ADC map MR images using an ensemble U‐Net‐based model.Study TypeRetrospective, case–control.PopulationIn all, 226 patients (154 and 72 patients with and without clinically significant PZ PCa, respectively), training, and testing was performed using dataset images of 146 and 80 patients, respectively.Field Strength3T, ADC maps.SequenceADC map.AssessmentThe ground truth was established by manual delineation of the prostate and prostate PZ tumors on ADC maps by dedicated radiologists using MRI‐radical prostatectomy maps as a reference standard.Statistical Tests: Performance of the ensemble model was evaluated using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity, and specificity metrics on a per‐slice basis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were employed as well. The paired t‐test was used to test the differences between the performances of constituent networks of the ensemble model.ResultsOur developed algorithm yielded DSC, sensitivity, and specificity of 86.72% ± 9.93%, 85.76% ± 23.33%, and 76.44% ± 23.70%, respectively (mean ± standard deviation) on 80 test cases consisting of 41 and 39 instances from patients with and without clinically significant tumors including 660 extracted 2D slices. AUC was reported as 0.779.Data ConclusionAn ensemble U‐Net‐based approach can accurately detect and segment PCa in the PZ from ADC map MR prostate images.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1223–1234.
Validity of Attention Bias Variability Indices for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research: Evidence From Patient Data
Authors: Alon Yaron , Naim Reut , Pine Daniel S. , Bliese Paul D. , Bar‐Haim Yair 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough initial findings indicated that threat‐related attention bias variability (ABV), an index designed to capture dynamic shifts in threat‐related attention over time, was positively correlated with the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, a recent study relying on simulated data has raised questions regarding the validity and empirical utility of ABV. Specifically, the simulations suggested that core features of reaction time data distinct from threat‐related attention bias, such as the reaction time standard deviation and mean, could explicate the reported elevated ABV among samples with PTSD. In the present study, we evaluated these suggestions in 95 PTSD‐diagnosed participants. The results showed that ABV significantly and uniquely predicted PTSD symptom severity beyond the predictive value of core reaction time features, ΔR2 = .05–.23. Some of the predictions stemming from the simulated results were replicated, whereas others were not. Contrary to the conclusion drawn from the simulated data, the results from the current study suggest that ABV is a valid and replicable correlate of PTSD symptom severity.
Inclusion of the first cervical nerve does not influence outcomes in upper airway stimulation for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Kumar Ayan T. , Vasconcellos Adam , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: August 2019

Objectives/HypothesisUpper airway stimulation (UAS) has demonstrated efficacy in the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Branches of the hypoglossal nerve that selectively activate tongue protrusor and stiffener muscles are included within the stimulation cuff electrode. The first cervical nerve (C1) is often also included to stimulate additional muscles contributing to tongue protrusion and stabilization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether inclusion of the C1 translates into treatment efficacy, decreased voltage requirement, and improved outcomes in patients utilizing UAS.Study DesignSingle‐center, retrospective cohort study.MethodsOne hundred fourteen patients who received a UAS implant at our institution and underwent posttreatment polysomnography were evaluated. Stimulation cuff electrodes in 87 patients included the C1; those in the remaining 27 patients did not include the C1. Demographic data, voltage data, and pre‐ and posttreatment apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), O2 nadir, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) data were collected for all patients.ResultsThere was no significant difference in stimulation voltage, or posttreatment AHI, O2 nadir, and ESS between the two cohorts. Treatment success, as measured by posttreatment AHI < 20 with a 50% reduction, was similar regardless of C1 inclusion. The same was seen for the percent of patients with AHI < 15 and AHI < 5 after treatment. The distributions of age and body mass index, as well as pre‐treatment AHI, O2 nadir, and ESS were also not significantly different between treatment groups.ConclusionsThe current study has demonstrated that inclusion of the C1 in the stimulation cuff electrode of the upper airway stimulator may not provide any additional benefit in therapy for OSA.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E382–E385, 2020
Saliva pepsin level of laryngopharyngeal reflux patients is not correlated with reflux episodes
Authors: Bobin Francois , Journe Fabrice , Lechien Jérôme R. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) episodes at the multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring (MII‐pH) and the concentration of pepsin in the saliva of LPR patients.MethodsPatients with LPR were enrolled from the polyclinic of Poitiers, France. Patients benefited from 24‐hour MII‐pH that allowed a correlation study between reflux episodes and symptoms. Patients reported the occurrence of the critical symptoms during the testing period through a recording device. Simultaneously, they collected a first saliva sample 30 minutes after the symptoms and a second saliva collection a few hours after the first collection. The patient symptoms were assessed with reflux symptom score (RSS). The relationship between pepsin concentration in the saliva, symptoms, and the reflux episode characteristics at the MII‐pH was investigated through multiple linear regression.ResultsA total of 65 patients with LPR were recruited. The mean concentrations of the first and the second pepsin samples were 92.0 ± 108.1 and 101.8 ± 131.0, respectively. Peptest (RD Biomed, Milan, Italy) was positive in 51 LPR patients (78.5%). Concentrations of both pepsin samples were significantly correlated (P = 0.019). There was no significant association between pepsin concentrations in saliva samples, RSS, key symptoms during the test period, and MII‐pH findings.ConclusionThe level of pepsin saliva concentration is not associated with the reflux episodes at the MII‐pH. Future studies are needed to better understand the relationship between the extracellular pepsin concentration, mucosal inflammation, and related laryngopharyngeal symptoms.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:1278–1281, 2020
Prognostic Significance of Peripheral T‐Cell Subsets in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Marchi Filippo , Missale Francesco , Incandela Fabiola , Filauro Marta , Mazzola Francesco , Mora Francesco , Paderno Alberto , Parrinello Giampiero , Piazza Cesare , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe role of the immune system in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze full blood counts and distribution of T cell subsets in patients affected by laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) and their association with clinical variables and survival.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsWe analyzed the levels of platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, as well as the CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ T‐cell subpopulations by cytofluorometry in LSCC patients. A cohort of healthy patients was used as control group. The disease‐specific survival (DSS) was considered as survival outcome.ResultsSixty‐five LSCC patients and 48 controls were enrolled. In LSCC patients, neutrophils were higher than in the healthy group (P < .0001). The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were both higher in LSCC patients (P < .0001). In patients treated for recurrent disease, the CD8+/CD3+ ratio was increased (P = .02), while the CD4+/CD8+ (P = .03) and CD4+/CD3+ (P = .04) ratios were lower. In patients with lymph node metastases, leukocytes (P = .03), CD3+ (P = .04), and CD4+ (P = .0098) were all higher. Among Stages III‐IV patients, low lymphocyte and low leukocyte count were associated with worse DSS.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that NLR and PLR are significantly increased in LSCC. Lower CD4+/CD8+ and CD3+/CD8+ ratios are related to recurrent disease and a higher level of CD3+ and CD4+ is associated with nodal metastasis.Level of Evidence4
Comparative Study of Growth, Feed Utilization, and Immunity of Hybrid Catfish and All-Male Yellow Catfish
Authors: Zhang Yun-Long , Zhang Cheng-Ming , Fan Qi-Xue , Shen Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hybridization is an alternative approach in aquaculture that can improve performance via heterosis. In this study, the growth performance, feed utilization, and immunity of hybrid catfish (female Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × male Darkbarbel Catfish P. vachelli) were compared with that of all-male Yellow Catfish. After a 45-d feeding trial, the final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate in hybrid catfish were significantly higher than these values in all-male Yellow Catfish. For feed utilization, a significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and lower feed conversion ratio and energy efficiency ratio were found in hybrid catfish. At the end of the experiment, the analyzed lysozyme activity in hybrid catfish was significantly higher than it was in all-male Yellow Catfish. Our results suggest that hybrid catfish display higher growth performance, feed utilization, and lysozyme activity than all-male Yellow Catfish under equal conditions. In conclusion, the hybrid catfish shows potential as an aquaculture species with fine production characteristics.
The youngest meningioma? A historic Maya adolescent from Tipu, Belize
Authors: Danforth Marie Elaine , Kramer Kelly , Cook Della Collins , Cohen Mark N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common tumours of the central nervous system. However, few well‐accepted cases have been reported in the palaeopathological literature and usually only when hyperostosis co‐occurs. We present a hyperostotic cranial lesion in an adolescent from the early historic population of Tipu in west central Belize. It fits most clinical and epidemiological patterns of meningeal expression in modern children, and differential diagnosis finds other possible conditions, including dietary deficiencies and genetic anaemias, unlikely. The often subtle characteristics of meningiomas, which can be both osteolytic and osteoblastic, need to be described in detail to differentiate them from other conditions, especially porotic hyperostosis. The Tipu case is the only nonadult example to correspond with published clinical and palaeopathological cases of the tumour.
Effect of acrylonitrile content of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber on mechanical and thermal properties of dynamically vulcanized poly(lactic acid) blends
Authors: Samthong Chavakorn , Kunanusont Nappaphan , Deetuam Chutimar , Wongkhan Tanchanok , Supannasud Thanapat , Somwangthanaroj Anongnat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report here the morphology, thermal and tensile properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends composed of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with different acrylonitrile contents with/without dynamic vulcanization by dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The interfacial tension of PLA and NBR measured by contact angle measurement decreased as the acrylonitrile content of NBR decreased. Likewise, SEM images showed that the rubber particle size reduced with decreasing acrylonitrile content owing to the stronger interfacial adhesion between the PLA matrix and NBR domains. Incorporation of DCP at 1.0 phr for dynamic vulcanization led to higher crosslink density and, in turn, optimal tensile strength and tensile toughness as a result of the action of PLA‐NBR copolymer as a reactive compatibilizer. The dynamic vulcanization of the blends containing low acrylonitrile NBR gave the most improved tensile properties because the free radicals from DCP decomposition preferentially attacked the allylic hydrogen atoms or double bonds of the butadiene backbone. Accordingly, more NBR macroradicals were generated and probably more PLA‐NBR copolymers were produced. Moreover, further addition of DCP at 2.0 phr provided a large amount of crosslinked NBR gel, which significantly degraded the tensile properties. From the DSC results, dynamic vulcanization lowered the cold crystallization temperature, implying an improvement of cold crystallization. Finally, TGA results showed a higher degradation temperature as a function of DCP content, which suggested that thermal stability increased due to stronger interfacial adhesion as well as higher gel content. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry