bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep duration and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: a twin study
Authors: McCall Catherine A , Turkheimer Eric , Tsang Siny , Avery Ally , Duncan Glen E , Watson Nathaniel F 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStudy ObjectivesLong and short sleep duration are associated with greater risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, it is unknown how genetic and environmental influences affect this relationship. Thus, we investigated the association between sleep duration and PTSD symptoms using twin models.MethodsData were obtained from 1865 monozygotic and 758 dizygotic twin pairs enrolled in the community-based Washington State Twin Registry. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Events Scale (IES). A classical twin model decomposed the variances of sleep duration and IES score into additive genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental components. We used correlated factor models to examine the moderation of variance components of sleep duration and IES.ResultsShorter and longer sleep duration were associated with higher IES scores with a quadratic association (p &lt; 0.001). The heritability of sleep duration was 36%, and IES 31%. Variance in sleep duration attributable to shared (b1C1 = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.40 to 4.43; p &lt; 0.001) and unique (b1E1 = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.27; p &lt; 0.001) environment was moderated by IES score. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, variance in IES attributable to additive genetics (b1A2 = −0.23, 95% CI = −0.45 to 0.00; p = 0.048) was moderated by sleep duration.ConclusionsGreater PTSD symptom severity was associated with short and long sleep duration. Increasing PTSD symptoms increased variability in sleep duration primarily via shared environmental factors, whereas decreasing sleep duration increased variability in PTSD symptoms primarily via additive genetic factors. This suggests childhood experiences affect variability of sleep duration and genetic factors affect the variability of PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed individuals.
Sleep stage prediction with raw acceleration and photoplethysmography heart rate data derived from a consumer wearable device
Authors: Walch Olivia , Huang Yitong , Forger Daniel , Goldstein Cathy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wearable, multisensor, consumer devices that estimate sleep are now commonplace, but the algorithms used by these devices to score sleep are not open source, and the raw sensor data is rarely accessible for external use. As a result, these devices are limited in their usefulness for clinical and research applications, despite holding much promise. We used a mobile application of our own creation to collect raw acceleration data and heart rate from the Apple Watch worn by participants undergoing polysomnography, as well as during the ambulatory period preceding in lab testing. Using this data, we compared the contributions of multiple features (motion, local standard deviation in heart rate, and “clock proxy”) to performance across several classifiers. Best performance was achieved using neural nets, though the differences across classifiers were generally small. For sleep-wake classification, our method scored 90% of epochs correctly, with 59.6% of true wake epochs (specificity) and 93% of true sleep epochs (sensitivity) scored correctly. Accuracy for differentiating wake, NREM sleep, and REM sleep was approximately 72% when all features were used. We generalized our results by testing the models trained on Apple Watch data using data from the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and found that we were able to predict sleep with performance comparable to testing on our own dataset. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the ability to analyze raw acceleration and heart rate data from a ubiquitous wearable device with accepted, disclosed mathematical methods to improve accuracy of sleep and sleep stage prediction.
Triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis: a review
Authors: Gandhi Preetam , Schmitt Esther K , Chen Chien-Wei , Samantray Sanjay , Venishetty Vinay Kumar , Hughes David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFascioliasis occurs on all inhabited continents. It is caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, trematode parasites with complex life cycles, and primarily affects domestic livestock. Humans become infected after ingestion of contaminated food (typically wild aquatic vegetables) or water. Fascioliasis may be difficult to diagnose as many symptoms are non-specific (e.g. fever, abdominal pain and anorexia). Treatment options are limited, with older effective therapies such as emetine and bithionol no longer used due to safety issues and unavailability, and most common anthelminthics having poor efficacy. Clinical trials conducted over a 25-year period, together with numerous case reports, demonstrated that triclabendazole has high efficacy in the treatment of human fascioliasis in adults and children and in all stages and forms of infection. Triclabendazole was approved for human use in Egypt in 1997 and in France in 2002 and a donation program for the treatment of fascioliasis in endemic countries was subsequently established by the manufacturer and administered by the World Health Organization. Here the published data on triclabendazole in the treatment of human fascioliasis are reviewed, with a focus on more recent data, in light of the 2019 US Food and Drug Administration approval of the drug for use in human infections.
The caudal skeleton of Batrachoidiformes (Teleostei: Percomorphacea): a study of morphological diversity, intraspecific variation, and phylogenetic inferences
Authors: Vaz Diego F B , Hilton Eric J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe caudal-fin skeleton is a primary data source for systematics of fishes, with characters from this complex being proposed as synapomorphies at many taxonomic levels. Batrachoidiformes is recognized as monophyletic, although intraordinal relationships are unclear. Likewise, interrelationships of Batrachoidiformes to other percomorphs are not well established. The caudal skeleton of Batrachoidiformes has not been thoroughly studied and is poorly represented in recent phylogenetic analyses. In this study, we examined the caudal-fin skeleton of 55 of the 82 species and 22 of the 23 genera of Batrachoidiformes, emphasizing the detection of intraspecific variation to recognize morphological characters with phylogenetic significance. Intraspecific variation is high, especially in the shape of epurals and the parhypural flange. A dorsal prezygapophysis on the first ural centrum and the acute articular edge of the parhypural flange are interpreted as putative synapomorphies of Porichthyinae. The anterior epural supporting two procurrent fin rays is found only in some Halophryninae, but is absent in Allenbatrachus, Batrachomeus, Batrichthys and Halophryne. Among Batrachoidiformes, a hypurapophysis-like process on the first ural centrum is found in Thalassophryninae and Barchatus, Batrichthys, Bifax, Chatrabus, Colletteichthys, Halobatrachus, Perulibatrachus and Riekertia. Caudal-fin ray counts are phylogenetically informative at several taxonomic levels. Distal caudal cartilages are described for Batrachoidiformes for the first time.
CE: Original Research: Are Milk and Molasses Enemas Safe for Hospitalized Adults? A Retrospective Electronic Health Record Review
Authors: Wangui-Verry Jackline , Farrington Michele , Matthews Grace , Tucker Sharon J. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Constipation in hospitalized patients is common. As a treatment of last resort for unresolved constipation, a milk and molasses enema is often used by nursing staff. But there has been little research investigating the safety and efficacy of this approach.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety of milk and molasses enemas for hospitalized adults with constipation that remained unresolved after standard treatment options were exhausted.

Methods: Data were extracted from the electronic health records (EHRs) of 615 adult patients who had received a milk and molasses enema between July 2009 and July 2013 at a large midwestern academic medical center. Data analysis occurred for a random subset of this group.
Participant characteristic variables included age, sex, admitting diagnosis, diet orders, medications, laxatives and enemas administered before the milk and molasses enema, and laboratory values. Serious complication variables included bacteremia, bowel perforation, electrolyte abnormalities, allergic reaction, abdominal compartment syndrome, cardiac arrhythmia, dehydration, and death.

Findings: The final sample of 196 adults had a mean age of 56 years; 61.2% were female and 38.8% were male. Of 105 admitting diagnoses, the most frequent (9.7%) was abdominal pain, unspecified site. Of the 14 discharge dispositions, the most frequent was home or self-care (50.5%). A laxative order was present for 97.4% of patients and a stool softener order was present for 86.2%. Sodium and potassium levels remained within normal limits during hospitalization. For the subset of patients who had these values measured within 48 hours before and after milk and molasses enema administration, no significant changes were found. No cases of nontraumatic abdominal compartment syndrome or other serious adverse enema-related events were documented in the EHR.

Conclusions: No safety concerns were identified from this retrospective EHR review of hospitalized adults who received a milk and molasses enema for constipation relief. The findings indicate that this treatment is safe, although further study examining its efficacy in this population is needed.
Sensory Function and Pain Experience in Arthritis, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Fibromyalgia Syndrome, and Pain-Free Volunteers
Authors: Palmer Shea , Bailey Jacqueline , Brown Christopher , Jones Anthony , McCabe Candy S. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
This study aimed to identify relationships between sensory function and pain in 3 common pain conditions (arthritis, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome [CRPS] and fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS]) and pain-free participants. Sensory abnormalities are known to be concomitant with some types of chronic pain but comparison across pain conditions using existing research is difficult due to methodological differences. Pragmatic Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) methods were used.

Materials and Methods:
Hot and cold sensitivity, light touch threshold (LTT), two-point discrimination and pain threshold were assessed in 143 participants (n=37 pain-free, n=34 arthritis, n=36 CRPS, n=36 FMS). Outcomes were assessed in the index (“affected” or right) and contralateral arm. Participants also completed the Brief Pain Inventory and the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences between groups for all QST outcomes except two-point discrimination. Relative to pain-free participants, FMS displayed heat hyperesthesia in both arms and cold hyperesthesia in the contralateral arm. CRPS demonstrated no changes in thermal sensitivity. Both CRPS and FMS exhibited bilateral pressure hyperalgesia. LTT hypoesthesia was observed bilaterally for CRPS but only in the contralateral arm for FMS. CRPS and FMS had pressure hyperalgesia in the index arm relative to arthritis patients. There were no differences between arthritis and pain-free participants for any QST outcome. In CRPS, there were significant correlations between LTT and pain outcomes bilaterally.

Discussion:
People with FMS and CRPS demonstrate extensive sensory dysfunction. Arthritis patients had sensory profiles closer to pain-free participants. LTT may provide a clinically relevant and accessible assessment for CRPS.
The Effects of Breast Reduction on Back Pain and Spine Measurements: A Systematic Review
Authors: Papanastasiou Constantine , Ouellet Jean A. , Lessard Lucie 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The aim of this review article was to synthesize the literature on reduction mammaplasty and its effects on the spine. The particular focus was to find these few radiological studies and those investigating changes in spinal angles, posture, center of gravity, and back pain reduction.

Methods:
We performed a thorough review of the literature, searching the Medline database for all relevant published data studying reduction mammaplasty and the spine. The search yielded 107 articles of which 11 articles met our specific inclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures of the studies and their respective results were tabulated, contrasted, and compared.

Results:
The 11 cohort studies included in this review cover the period from 2005 to 2015 and focus on breast hypertrophy and spine. According to these 11 quantitative studies, breast hypertrophy causes objective, quantitative, measurable disturbances to women living with this condition. Reduction mammaplasty produces an unmistakable improvement in signs, symptoms, and quantifiable measures. Although the majority of included articles in this review described postoperative improvement in spinal angles, there remain discrepancies of results between them.

Conclusions:
The studies included in this review did offer a promising glimpse into the complex interaction between breast hypertrophy and the spine. However, future research initiatives can improve upon what these investigators have begun with more refined, objective, radiological evidence. More specifically, we aim to clarify some of the basic hypotheses in our center with the use of EOS.
Transcriptional survey of peripheral blood links lower oxygen saturation during sleep with reduced expressions of CD1D and RAB20 that is reversed by CPAP therapy
Authors: Sofer Tamar , Li Ruitong , Joehanes Roby , Lin Honghuang , Gower Adam C. , Wang Heming , Kurniansyah Nuzulul , Cade Brian E. , Lee Jiwon , Williams Stephanie , Mehra Reena , Patel Sanjay R. , Quan Stuart F. , Liu Yongmei , Rotter Jerome I. , Rich Stephen S. , Spira Avrum , Levy Daniel , Gharib Sina A. , Redline Susan , Gottlieb Daniel J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) is associated with a wide range of physiological changes due, in part, to the influence of hypoxemia during sleep. We studied gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in association with three measures of SDB: Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI); average oxyhemoglobin saturation (avgO2) during sleep; and minimum oxyhemoglobin saturation (minO2) during sleep. We performed discovery association analysis in two community-based studies, the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS; N=571) and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; N = 580). An association with false discovery rate (FDR) q < 0.05 in one study was considered “replicated” if a p < 0.05 was observed in the other study. Those genes that replicated across MESA and FOS, or with FDR q < 0.05 in meta-analysis, were used for analysis of gene expression in the blood of 15 participants from the Heart Biomarkers In Apnea Treatment (HeartBEAT) trial. HeartBEAT participants had moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and were studied pre- and post-treatment (three months) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We also performed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) on all traits and cohort analyses. Twenty-two genes were associated with SDB traits in both MESA and FOS. Of these, lower expression of CD1D and RAB20 was associated with lower avgO2 in MESA and FOS. CPAP treatment increased the expression of these genes in HeartBEAT participants. Immunity and inflammation pathways were up-regulated in subjects with lower avgO2; i.e., in those with a more severe SDB phenotype (MESA), whereas immuno-inflammatory processes were down-regulated in response to CPAP treatment (HeartBEAT).One Sentence SummaryWe studied the association of gene expression in blood with obstructive sleep apnea traits, including oxygen saturation during sleep, and identified mechanisms that are reversed by treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.
Associations of childcare type, age at start, and intensity with body mass index trajectories from 10 to 42 years of age in the 1970 British Cohort Study
Authors: Costa Silvia , Bann David , Benjamin-Neelon Sara E , Adams Jean , Johnson William 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAttending childcare is related to greater childhood obesity risk, but there are few long-term follow-up studies. We aimed to examine the associations of childcare type, duration, and intensity with BMI trajectories from ages 10-42 years.MethodsThe sample comprised 8234 individuals in the 1970 British Cohort Study, who had data on childcare attendance (no, yes), type (formal, informal), duration (4-5, 3-3.99, 0-2.99 years old when started), and intensity (1, 2, 3, 4-5 days/week) reported at age five years and 32563 BMI observations. Multilevel linear spline models were used to estimate the association of each exposure with the sample-average BMI trajectory, with covariate adjustment. A combined duration and intensity exposure was also examined.ResultsChildcare attendance and type were not strongly related to BMI trajectories. Among participants who attended childcare 1-2 days a week, those who started when 3-3.99 years old had a 0.197 (-0.004, 0.399) kg/m2higher BMI at age 10 years than those who started when 4-5 years old, and those who started when 0-2.99 years old had a 0.289 (0.049, 0.529) kg/m2higher BMI. A similar dose-response pattern for intensity was observed when holding duration constant. By age 42 years, individuals who started childcare at age 0-2.99 years and attended 3-5 days/week had a 1.356 kg/m2(0.637, 2.075) higher BMI than individuals who started at age 4-5 years and attended 1-2 days/week.ConclusionsChildren who start childcare earlier and/ or attend more frequently may have greater long-term obesity risk.
Immunoglobulin E as a biomarker for the overlap of atopic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hersh Craig P. , Zacharia Soumya , Arivu Chelvan Ram Prakash , Hayden Lystra P. , Mirtar Ali , Zarei Sara , Putcha Nirupama ,   the COPDGene Investigators
Published: August 2019

AbstractAsthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is a common clinical syndrome, yet there is no single objective definition. We hypothesized that Immunoglobulin E measurements could be used to refine the definition of ACO. In baseline plasma samples from 2870 subjects in the COPDGene Study, we measured total IgE levels and specific IgE levels to six common allergens. Compared to usual COPD, subjects with ACO had higher total IgE levels (median 67.0 vs 42.2 IU/ml) and more frequently had at least one positive specific IgE (43.5 vs 24.5%). We previously used a strict definition of ACO in subjects with COPD, based on self-report of a doctor’s diagnosis of asthma before the age of 40. This strict ACO definition was refined by the presence of atopy, determined by total IgE >100 IU/ml or at least one positive specific IgE, as was a broader definition of ACO based on any asthma history. Subjects will all three ACO definitions were younger (mean age 60.0-61.3), were more commonly African American (36.8-44.2%), had a higher exacerbation frequency (1.0-1.2 in the past year), and had more airway wall thickening on quantitative analysis of chest CT scans. Among subjects with clinical ACO, 37-46% did not have atopy; these subjects had more emphysema on chest CT scan. Based on associations with exacerbations and CT airway disease, IgE did not clearly improve the clinical definition of ACO. However, IgE measurements could be used to subdivide subjects with atopic and non-atopic ACO, who might have different biologic mechanisms and potential treatments.
Evaluating the relationships between the legal and illegal international wildlife trades
Authors: Tittensor Derek P. , Harfoot Michael , McLardy Claire , Britten Gregory L. , Kecse-Nagy Katalin , Landry Bryan , Outhwaite Willow , Price Becky , Sinovas Pablo , Blanc Julian , Burgess Neil D. , Malsch Kelly 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe international legal trade in wildlife can provide economic and other benefits, but when unsustainable can be a driver of population declines. This impact is enhanced by the additional burden of illegal trade. We combined law-enforcement time-series of seizures of wildlife goods imported into the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) with data on reported legal trade to evaluate the evidence for any relationships. Our analysis examined 28 (US) and 20 (EU) taxon-products with high volume and frequency of reported trade and seizures. On average, seizures added 28% and 9% to US and EU reported legal trade levels respectively, and in several cases exceeded legal imports. We detected a significant but weak overall positive relationship between seizure volumes and reported trade imported to the US over time, but none in the EU. Our findings suggest a complex and nuanced temporal association between the illegal and legal wildlife trades.
Insights on aquatic microbiome of the Indian Sundarbans mangrove areas
Authors: Dhal Paltu Kumar , Kopprio Gérmán A. , Gärdes Astrid 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundAnthropogenic perturbations have strong impact on water quality and ecological health of mangrove areas of Indian Sundarbans. Diversity in microbial community composition is important causes for maintaining the healthy of the mangrove ecosystem. However, microbial communities of estuarine water in Indian Sundarbans mangrove areas and environmental determinants that contribute to those communities were seldom studied.MethodsNevertheless, this study attempted first to report bacterial and archaeal communities simultaneously in the water from Matla River and Thakuran River of Maipith coastal areas more accurately using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon approaches. Attempt also been made to assess the capability of the environmental parameters for explaining the variation in microbial community composition.ResultsOur investigation indicates the dominancy of halophilic marine bacteria from families Flavobacteriaceae and OM1 clade in the water with lower nutrient load collected from costal regions of a small Island of Sundarban Mangroves (ISM). At higher eutrophic conditions, changes in bacterial communities in Open Marine Water (OMW) were detected, where some of the marine hydrocarbons degrading bacteria under families Oceanospirillaceae and Spongiibacteraceae were dominated. While most abundant bacterial family Rhodobacteracea almost equally (18% of the total community) dominated in both sites. Minor variation in the composition of archaeal community was also observed between OMW and ISM. Redundancy analysis indicates a combination of total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen for OMW and for ISM, salinity and total nitrogen was responsible for explaining the changes in their respective microbial community composition.ConclusionsOur study can serve as baseline approaches, which should focused on how do multiple environmental/anthropogenic stressors (salinity, pollution, eutrophication, land-use) affect the estuary water and consequently the microbial communities in concert. However, systematic approaches with more samples for evaluating the effect of environmental pollutions on mangrove microbial communities are recommended.