bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic failure analysis for real glass components under general loading conditions
Authors: Muniz‐Calvente Miguel , Ramos Alberto , Fernández Pelayo , Lamela María Jesús , Álvarez Adrián , Fernández‐Canteli Alfonso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the generalized local model (GLM) is applied to derive the primary failure cumulative distribution function (PFCDF) of annealed glass in order to achieve the failure prediction of structural glass. The uniqueness of the glass characterization is demonstrated irrespective of the test, specimen size, and geometry used. Consequently, the strength of glass is unequivocally derived in a probabilistic way as a material property, so that the definition of normalized testing specimens in international standards might be put under question. Furthermore, the application of the GLM to the results assessment allows to ensure a correct transferability of the laboratory data from simple specimens to the practical design of real glass components and vice versa. The feasibility of the GLM to characterize the strength of annealed glass from different test types is illustrated by means of an extensive experimental program.
The Long‐Term Robustness and Stability of Consensus Values as Composition Location Estimators for a Typical Geochemical Test Material in the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Programme
Authors: Webb Peter C. , Potts Philip J. , Thompson Michael , Wilson Stephen A. , Gowing Charles J. B. 
Published: March 2019

Re‐issuing the same test material, its true identity unknown to participants, in two rounds of the GeoPT proficiency testing programme 18 years apart has demonstrated remarkable similarity, and therefore stability, of consensus values independently estimated for over fifty measurands in each round. A comparison of the two data sets, GeoPT5 (AMH‐1) from 1999 and GeoPT41 (ORA‐1) from 2017, shows that corresponding consensus values, rigorously derived by current procedures for complete compatibility, are for the most part statistically indistinguishable when account is taken of their associated uncertainties. Inferences that may be drawn from this exceptional agreement include: (a) the consensus estimation procedure was robust and gave consistent results; (b) overall, the balance of the contributed data was unaffected by significant changes in: (i) the populations of laboratories participating, (ii) the proportions of laboratories producing results by different techniques, (iii) the manner in which systems were calibrated, or (iv) the aspirations of laboratories to attain higher quality results over time; and (c) unsurprisingly perhaps, that the test material itself had remained stable and unchanged during that time. Additionally, a statistical comparison of the original values for AMH‐1 with consensus values derived by current procedures demonstrates that they are also effectively indistinguishable.
An efficient way of recycling silicon kerf waste for synthesis of high‐quality SiC
Authors: Jiang Shengnan , Gao Shuaibo , Liu Yang , Cui Xiaohua , Jin Xing , Wei Donghui , Kong Jian , Xing Pengfei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an efficient approach of recycling and reutilizing of silicon kerf waste (SKW) to prepare high‐quality silicon carbide (SiC) by carbothermic reduction method is reported. SKW used as silicon source and petroleum coke as carbon source were submitted to the induction furnace for high‐temperature smelting. The effects and mechanism of smelting temperatures and time on micro morphology, crystal structure, and purity of the obtained high‐quality SiC were studied by X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as the Raman and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. Raman and PL analyses have verified the existence of SiC crystal types as 6H and 3C. The SEM and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results show that the SiC particles size increases with the increasing smelting time and demonstrate that the iron impurity was enriched at the edges of SiC which can be easily removed by the subsequent acid leaching. The enrichment process can be accelerated by the increase of temperature. In addition, the carbothermic reduction mechanism of SKW was studied in detail. The obtained SiC powder after purification can reach 98.7% through this new method, which is of low cost, high efficiency, and environment friendly.
cAIMP administration in humanized mice induces a chimerization‐level‐dependent STING response
Authors: Andersen Anna H. F. , Olesen Rikke , Jønsson Kasper L. , Højen Jesper F. , Krapp Christian , Mack Katharina , Thomsen Martin K. , Østergaard Lars , Tolstrup Martin , Dagnæs‐Hansen Frederik , Jakobsen Martin R. , Denton Paul W. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIt is well understood that the STING signalling pathway is critical for generating a robust innate immune response to pathogens. Human and mouse STING signalling pathways are not identical, however. For example, mice lack IFI16, which has been proven important for the human STING pathway. Therefore, we investigated whether humanized mice are an appropriate experimental platform for exploring the human STING signalling cascade in vivo. We found that NOG mice reconstituted with human cord blood haematopoietic stem cells (humanized NOG mice) exhibit human STING signalling responses to an analogue of the cyclic di‐nucleotide cGAMP. There was an increase in the proportions of monocytes in the lungs of mice receiving cGAMP analogue. The most robust levels of STING expression and STING‐induced responses were observed in mice exhibiting the highest levels of human chimerization. Notably, differential levels of STING in lung versus spleen following cGAMP analogue treatment suggest that there are tissue‐specific kinetics of STING activation and/or degradation in effector versus inductive sites. We also examined the mouse innate immune response to cGAMP analogue treatment. We detected that mouse cells in the immunodeficient NOG mice responded to the cGAMP analogue and they do so with distinct kinetics from the human response. In conclusion, humanized NOG mice represent a valuable experimental model for examining in vivo human STING responses.
Digital behavior surveillance for monitoring the interests of Google users in amber necklace in different countries
Authors: Strieder Anna Paola , Aguirre Patricia Estefania Ayala , Lotto Matheus , Cruvinel Agnes Fátima Pereira , Cruvinel Thiago 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the interests of Google users in information about amber necklace in distinct countries over time.DesignThis longitudinal retrospective study analyzed the amber necklace‐related computational data generated from the activity of Google users from17 countries, by the application of Google Trends. Four search strategies were defined in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, for retrieving the monthly variation of relative search volume (RSV) between January 2004 and September 2018, including all categories and sources of search. Trends and 12‐month predictive interests of users were analyzed by forecasting autoregressive integrated moving average models, while the influences of seasonality were evaluated by generalized additive models. The most popular queries employed for Google users were determined to qualitative analysis. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsIn general, RSV curves were characterized by uptrends in most studied countries over the years, without the influence of monthly or quarterly seasonality. The queries were frequently associated with a desire for additional information, with respect to the definition, usability, and teething symptoms relief promoted by amber jewelries.ConclusionsThese findings indicate an increasing interest of Google users in amber necklace‐related topics in different countries.
Substitutional effect of Na2O with K2O on the viscosity and structure of CaO‐SiO2‐CaF2‐based mold flux systems
Authors: Seo Min Seok , Sohn Il 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe effect of the substitution of Na2O with K2O on the viscosity and structure of molten CaO‐SiO2‐CaF2‐based mold fluxes containing alkali‐oxides at high temperatures has been studied. The CaO/SiO2 mass ratio (C/S) and CaF2 were fixed at 0.8 and 10 mass pct., respectively. The total alkali‐oxide was fixed at 20 mass pct. By systematically substituting the Na2O with K2O, the K2O/(Na2O + K2O) mass ratio was modified between 0.0 and 1.0. Using the rotating spindle method to measure the viscosity at high temperatures, the viscosity was found to increase with higher K2O/(Na2O + K2O). From the slope of the temperature dependence of the viscosity, an apparent activation energy was calculated and increased with higher K2O/(Na2O + K2O), from 96 to 154 kJ/mol, due to the cation size effect on the resistance to shearing. Using Raman spectroscopy of as‐quenched fluxes, the mole fraction of Q3 was found to increase, while the mole fractions of Q2 and Q0 decreased with higher K2O/(Na2O + K2O). The nonbridged oxygen per silicon cation (NBO/Si) decreased from 1.97 to 1.58 with increasing K2O/(Na2O + K2O), suggesting greater complexity of the flux structure with higher K2O/(Na2O + K2O), resulting in a higher viscosity.
The role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bostanciklioğlu M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the effects of the gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's pathology by evaluating the current original key findings and identifying gaps in the knowledge required for validation. The diversity of the gut microbiota declines in the elderly and in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Restoring the diversity with probiotic treatment alleviates the psychiatric and histopathological findings. This presents a problem: How does gut microbiota interact with the pathogenesis of AD? The starting point of this comprehensive review is addressing the role of bacterial metabolites and neurotransmitters in the brain under various conditions, ranging from a healthy state to ageing and disease. In the light of current literature, we describe three different linkages between the present gut microbiome hypothesis and the other major theories for the pathogenesis of AD as follows: bacterial metabolites and amyloids can trigger central nervous system inflammation and cerebrovascular degeneration; impaired gut microbiome flora inhibits the autophagy-mediated protein clearance process; and gut microbiomes can change the neurotransmitter levels in the brain through the vagal afferent fibres.
Cytoprotective agent for peptic ulcer prevention in patients taking dual antiplatelet agents: A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Pittayanon Rapat , Piyachaturawat Panida , Rerknimitr Rungsun , Prueksapanich Piyapan , Chaitongrat Supakarn , Lertsuwunseri Vorarit , Srimahachota Suphot , Mahachai Varocha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimLong‐term use of dual antiplatelets is increasing, and most patients need primary peptic ulcer prophylaxis. The long‐term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with adverse events. We evaluated the efficacy of rebamipide for peptic ulcer prevention.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was conducted between July 2014 and November 2017. Patients receiving dual antiplatelets for ≥ 1 year with no history of peptic ulcer bleeding or perforation were recruited and randomly assigned to the rebamipide (300 mg/day) group or the placebo group. Patients who used proton pump inhibitors were excluded. The primary endpoint was a new mucosal break on esophagogastroduodenoscopy at 3 or 12 months after treatment initiation. The secondary endpoints were hematocrit changes from the baseline, gastrointestinal bleeding, and chest pain. Antiplatelet function was assessed.ResultsIn total, 95 eligible patients were identified; 12 were excluded, and 83 patients were randomized, with 66 (79.5%) and 59 (71.1%) patients eligible at the 3‐ and 12‐month follow ups, respectively. The baseline characteristics were equivalent between the groups. During the 12 months of follow up, 13 patients (43.3%) taking rebamipide and 19 (65.5%) taking the placebo experienced mucosal injury (P = 0.07). Two patients (6.7%) taking rebamipide and eight (27.6%) taking the placebo had peptic ulcers ≥ 5 mm or < 5 mm with pigmented spots (P = 0.03). The changes in hematocrit were not different between the two groups. Neither bleeding ulcers nor chest pain was observed.ConclusionRebamipide is safe and may prevent peptic ulcers ≥ 5 mm in diameter or those with pigmented spots in patients receiving dual antiplatelets for 1 year (NCT02166008).
A novel triple combination in treatment of melasma: Significant outcome with far less actives
Authors: Pekmezci Erkin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundMelasma is an acquired hyperpigmentation, often involving the face, and a source of distress for the affected individuals. Although treatment is challenging and frequently a multimodality approach, topical applications are the mainstay of therapy.ObjectiveDue to the frequent relapses, a therapy both acting rapidly and suitable for long‐term use, with fewer adverse effects should be administered. In our outpatient clinic, we treated the melasma patients with a previously unreported triple combination which was empirically formulated with lesser amount of active components, regarding the balance between long‐term use and safety.MethodsSixty‐eight female patients with melasma who referred to our hospital dermatology clinic in the years 2016‐2017 were retrospectively recruited. They all had completed 6‐month treatment with a prescribed cream mixture comprised of azelaic acid (4%), hydroquinone (1.6%), methylprednisolone aceponate (0.04%), and salicylic acid (2%). The outcomes were evaluated both instrumentally (Melanin Index/MI) and by patients (Patient Self‐Assessment Scale/PSAS).ResultsAdverse effects declared by the patients were transient irritation in three and mild hypertrichosis in two. Both the MI and PSAS values were found extremely significant at the end of 6th month, compared with initial values. Approximately 62% of total decrease in MI was realized in the first 3 months.ConclusionThe triple combination containing active ingredients with lesser concentrations than proposed, and with the addition of 2% salicylic acid, may be promising as a quite effective and safe protocol in treatment of melasma for longer durations.
The usefulness of YouTube™ videos as a source of information on burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Fortuna Giulio , Schiavo Julie H. , Aria Massimo , Mignogna Michele D. , Klasser Gary D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this review was to investigate quality assessment and quantitative information on burning mouth syndrome (BMS) on YouTube™ videos.MethodsAn electronic search of YouTube™ videos on BMS was performed using subject headings, keywords and synonyms of BMS. For each video, quality information, via the quality assessment score (QAS) and quantitative information, such as the total number of results per term searched, date of upload, clip length, view count, source category (professional, personal, educational, mixed), number of likes and dislikes and YouTube™ category were evaluated.ResultsThe search identified 3768 videos of which only 114 were included in our analysis: the quality of videos was very poor (mean ± standard deviation = 1.76 ± 1.64). The most representative categories were “educational” with 53 (46.5%) videos scoring between 0 and 4 and “mixed” with 24 (21.1%) videos scoring between 0 and 2. Significant differences were found among all four categories in relation to length in seconds (P < 0.001), number of views (P = 0.006) and interaction index (P = 0.001), as well as between “professional” and the other categories and between “educational” and “personal” in relation to length in seconds (P < 0.001), between “educational” and “personal” (P < 0.001) and “personal” and “mixed” category in relation to interaction index (P = 0.003) and between “professional” and “personal” in relation to views per day (P = 0.015).ConclusionsA large number of videos regarding BMS have published on YouTube™, with a wide range of distribution regarding their length and views. Unfortunately, they presented unreliable information which is most often scientifically inaccurate. Health care institutions and professionals should be more actively involved in improving high‐quality e‐information about BMS on YouTube™.
Physical Education Policies in US Schools: Differences by School Characteristics
Authors: Michael Shannon L. , Brener Nancy , Lee Sarah M. , Clennin Morgan , Pate Russell R. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe assessed the extent to which schools in the United States implement physical education policies identified in SHAPE America's Essential Components of Physical Education document and how implementation of these policies varies by school characteristics.METHODSSchool policy data were collected as part of the 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study via computer‐assisted personal interviews in a nationally representative sample of K‐12 schools and were linked to extant data on school characteristics. Bivariate analyses and Poisson regression model were used to examine how physical education policies differed by school characteristics.RESULTSFive physical education policies varied by region and 3 varied by school level. Requiring certified, licensed, or endorsed physical education teachers varied by all school characteristics except school level and percentage of students eligible for free or reduced‐price lunch. The average number of physical education policies implemented by schools was 3.0. The number of policies varied by metropolitan status and school level.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest many schools are only implementing a few of the physical education policies that can strengthen their physical education programs. These findings can be used to target professional development and technical assistance for physical education practitioners on policy and implementation.
Efficacy of new nematicides for managing Meloidogyne incognita in tomato crop
Authors: Silva Juliana de Oliveira , Loffredo Angelo , da Rocha Mara Rúbia , Becker J. Ole 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNew non‐fumigant nematicides (fluensulfone, fluopyram and fluazaindolizine) were tested in greenhouse tomato trials aiming to evaluate its efficacy on the control of Meloidogyne incognita soil and root populations and plant produtivity. Plants of the cultivar Red Gnome were transplanted into 2,500 cm3 fibre pots inoculated with 200 eggs of M. incognita/100 cm3 of soil and treated with fluensulfone, fluopyram and fluazaindolizine, in two rates each. After eight weeks of incubation the plants were evaluated for fresh root and shoot weight, weight and number of fruits, egg mass number, population density and nematode reproduction factor. All nematicide treatments reduced the root gall index, the number of M. incognita egg masses, eggs/g root and the nematode reproduction factor when compared to the non‐treated control.
In vitro immunomodulatory effect of nisin on porcine leucocytes
Authors: Małaczewska Joanna , Kaczorek‐Łukowska Edyta , Wójcik Roman , Rękawek Wojciech , Siwicki Andrzej K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNisin, a lantibiotic bacteriocin, has been used for years as a natural food preservative. In addition to its antimicrobial activity, nisin also shows immunomodulatory properties, and the nisin‐producing Lactococcus lactis strain has been successfully tested as a probiotic in weaned piglets. However, the impact of nisin on porcine immune cells has not yet been explored. The objective of the present study was to examine the in vitro immunomodulatory effect of nisin on porcine peripheral blood leucocytes. The whole heparinized blood samples or freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated with different nisin concentrations (0, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 µg/ml) for 1, 24, 48 or 72 hr. Escherichia coli bacteria were used to stimulate blood phagocytes, while concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide from E. coli were used as mitogens. Control cells remained unstimulated. MTT colorimetric assay was used to evaluate PBMCs viability and mitogenic response. Phagocyte activity and T‐cell proliferation were measured by flow cytometry. Flow cytometer was also used for immunophenotyping of T cells. Cytokine levels in the culture media were determined using commercial immunoassay (ELISA) kits. The highest concentration of nisin exhibited proliferative activity (p ˂ 0.05), stimulated interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) production (both at p ˂ 0.001), and increased the percentage of CD4+CD8+ T cells (p ˂ 0.001) among unstimulated leucocytes. After cell stimulation, however, the highest nisin concentration showed antiproliferative activity (p ˂ 0.05), decreased phagocytic functions (p ˂ 0.05) and inhibited the synthesis of IL‐6 (time‐ and concentration‐dependent effect). As a typical bacterial product, nisin had a stronger impact on innate immune cells, and its effect on T cells was likely a consequence of the modulation of the activity of antigen‐presenting cells. Nisin may be a good candidate as an immunomodulator in pig breeding.
Physiological effects of nitrogen deficiency and recovery on the macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Wen Jinyan , Chen Weizhou , Du Hong 
Published: March 2019

Algal metabolites are the most promising feedstocks for bio‐energy production. Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis seems to be a good candidate red alga for polysaccharide production, especially relating to the agar production industry. Nitrogen deficiency is an efficient environmental pressure used to increase the accumulation of metabolites in algae. However, there are no studies on the physiological effects of G. lemaneiformis in response to nitrogen deficiency and its subsequent recovery. Here we integrated physiological data with molecular studies to explore the response strategy of G. lemaneiformis under nitrogen deficiency and recovery. Physiological measurements indicated that amino acids and protein biosynthesis were decreased, while endogenous NH4+ and soluble polysaccharides levels were increased under nitrogen stress. The expression of key genes involved in these pathways further suggested that G. lemaneiformis responded to nitrogen stress through up‐regulation or down‐regulation of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, and increased levels of endogenous NH4+ to complement the deficiency of exogenous nitrogen. Consistent with the highest accumulation of soluble polysaccharides, the gene encoding UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase, a molecular marker used to evaluate agar content, was dramatically up‐regulated more than 4‐fold compared to the relative expression of actin after 4 d of nitrogen recovery. The present data provide important information on the mechanisms of nutrient balance in macroalgae.