bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mating system impacts the genetic architecture of adaptation to heterogeneous environments
Authors: Hodgins Kathryn A. , Yeaman Sam 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Self‐fertilisation has consequences for variation across the genome as it reduces effective population size, effect recombination rates and pollen flow, with implications for local adaptation.

We conducted simulations of divergent stabilising selection on a quantitative trait with drift, pollen flow, mutation, recombination and different outcrossing rates. We quantified trait divergence and the genetic architecture of adaptation. We conducted an FST outlier analysis to identify candidate loci and quantified the impact of mating system on detectability.

Selfing promoted trait divergence mainly through reductions in pollen flow. Moreover, trait architecture became more diffuse with selfing. Average effect size of trait loci was lower, while the number of loci, and their clustering distance increased. The genetic architecture of selfers was also more diffuse than outcrossers for equivalent migration rates. However, when deleterious alleles were included, architectures became more concentrated in selfers, likely to be because of reductions in population size caused by mutational meltdown and impacts of background selection on Ne.

Our simulations demonstrate that mating system has important impacts on adaptive divergence of traits and the genetic landscape underlying that divergence. Selfing has a significant effect on detectability of regions of the genome important for adaptation because of neutral divergence and diffuse trait architecture.
PTSD and its dissociative subtype through the lens of the insula: Anterior and posterior insula resting‐state functional connectivity and its predictive validity using machine learning
Authors: Harricharan Sherain , Nicholson Andrew A. , Thome Janine , Densmore Maria , McKinnon Margaret C. , Théberge Jean , Frewen Paul A. , Neufeld Richard W. J. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndividuals with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) typically experience states of reliving and hypervigilance; however, the dissociative subtype of PTSD (PTSD+DS) presents with additional symptoms of depersonalization and derealization. Although the insula is critical to emotion processing, its association with these contrasting symptom profiles is yet to be fully delineated. Accordingly, we investigated insula subregion resting‐state functional connectivity patterns among individuals with PTSD, PTSD+DS, and healthy controls. Using SPM12 and PRONTO software, we implemented a seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity approach, along with multiclass Gaussian process classification machine learning, respectively, in order to evaluate unique patterns and the predictive validity of insula subregion connectivity among individuals with PTSD (n = 84), PTSD+DS (n = 49), and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 51). As compared to PTSD and PTSD+DS, healthy controls showed increased right anterior and posterior insula connectivity with frontal lobe structures. By contrast, PTSD showed increased bilateral posterior insula connectivity with subcortical structures, including the periaqueductal gray. Strikingly, as compared to PTSD and controls, PTSD+DS showed increased bilateral anterior and posterior insula connectivity with posterior cortices, including the left lingual gyrus and the left precuneus. Moreover, machine learning analyses were able to classify PTSD, PTSD+DS, and controls using insula subregion connectivity patterns with 80.4% balanced accuracy (p < .01). These findings suggest a neurobiological distinction between PTSD and its dissociative subtype with regard to insula subregion functional connectivity patterns. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms were able to utilize insula resting‐state connectivity patterns to discriminate between participant groups with high predictive accuracy.
Influence of Reputation on Cooperative Behavior in Crowd Innovation Network
Authors: Wang Lei , Lin Jing , Yi Ting , Fan Wenqi 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of a crowd innovation network and its cooperation obstacles.MethodsThis study constructs a reputation‐based public goods game model, uses the maximum utility of neighbors as the standard in order to update strategies, and analyzes the cooperative, evolutionary effect toward reputation of a crowd innovation network.ResultsThe introduction of a reputation mechanism in the PGG can significantly promote the level of group cooperation, and the increase of reputation heterogeneity and co‐factors can promote the evolution proportion of cooperators in the group.ConclusionReputation and its critical threshold have significant effect on cooperation under proper network scale.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation during belatacept treatment after kidney transplantation
Authors: Cambier Marie‐Laure , Canestri Ana , Lependeven Catherine , Peltier Julie , Mesnard Laurent , Dahan Karine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report a case of HBV reactivation following belatacept treatment in a patient who underwent kidney transplantation in 2015 for HIV‐associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Human immunodeficiency virus viral load was undetectable prior to transplantation, and CD4+ lymphocyte count was greater than 300/mL. Baseline HBV serology at transplantation was HBsAg negative, anti‐HBcAb positive, anti‐HBsAb 312 UI/L, and HBeAg negative/anti‐HBeAb positive. Liver function tests were normal, and viral DNA was undetectable. Two years later, the patient presented with severe acute hepatitis after a progressive disappearance of anti‐HbsAb, quickly followed by HBV reactivation. Immunosuppressive treatment was drastically reduced, and treatment with entecavir was started. The outcome was favorable, and HBV DNA became undetectable after 9 weeks of treatment. This is the first report of acute hepatitis related to HBV reactivation in a kidney transplant recipient treated with belatacept. The risk for HBV reactivation in patients treated with belatacept should not be underestimated, especially in those with resolved HBV infection.
Fast and cloning‐free CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genomic editing in mammalian cells
Authors: Manna Paul T. , Davis Luther J. , Robinson Margaret S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCHoP‐In (CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated Homology‐independent PCR‐product integration) is a fast, non‐homologous end‐joining based, strategy for genomic editing in mammalian cells. There is no requirement for cloning in generation of the integration donor, instead the desired integration donor is produced as a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product, flanked by the Cas9 recognition sequences of the target locus. When co‐transfected with the cognate Cas9 and guide RNA, double strand breaks are introduced at the target genomic locus and at both ends of the PCR product. This allows incorporation into the genomic locus via hon‐homologous end joining. The approach is versatile, allowing N‐terminal, C‐terminal or internal tag integration and gives predictable genomic integrations, as demonstrated for a selection of well characterised membrane trafficking proteins. The lack of donor vectors offers advantages over existing methods in terms of both speed and hands‐on time. As such this approach will be a useful addition to the genome editing toolkit of those working in mammalian cell systems.
Characterization of RHD locus polymorphism in D negative and D variant donors from Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Trucco Boggione Carolina , Nogués Núria , González‐Santesteban Cecilia , Mufarrege Nicolás , Luján Brajovich Melina , Mattaloni Stella Maris , Leri Mónica , Biondi Claudia , Muñiz‐Diaz Eduardo , Castilho Lilian , Cotorruelo Carlos 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDA notable RHD variability has been observed in Central Argentina's current population attributed to the intermixing of different ethnic groups. The Northwestern region of the country is characterized by a markedly Amerindian genetic contribution. In this sense, the definition of the RHD polymorphism in individuals from this area was lacking.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 757 donors from Northwestern Argentina, with D negative C and/or E positive (n = 526), and D variant (n = 231) phenotype defined by standard hemmaglutination tube techniques were genotyped using in‐house PCR strategies, commercial SNP arrays and Sanger sequencing.RESULTSAmong D negative C and/or E positive samples, RHD null (15.40%) and DEL alleles (3.23%) were identified. One unreported SNP c.1001T>A responsible for a null allele was found. RHD*01N.75 (4.18%) and RHD*DEL43 (2.66%) were the most prevalent variants following RHD*03N.01 (8.75%). The characterization of serologic weak D phenotypes showed that RHD*weak D type 1, 2, and 3 variants were found only in 37.24% of the samples, whereas RHD*weak D type 93 was the most prevalent allele (25.11%). Also, a previously unreported missense variation c.764G>A was identified.CONCLUSIONSA RHD genotyping strategy for patients and donors from Northwestern Argentina must consider the detection of the frequently found RHD*01N.75, RHD*DEL43, and RHD*weak D type 93 variants. Taking into account that RHD*DEL43 has scarcely been found in North Americans and Europeans whereas RHD*01N.75 and RHD*weak D type 93 have never been described in populations other than Argentineans, these RHD variants could be attributed to Native Amerindian genetic influence.
Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression and somatic mutations in canine oral melanoma
Authors: Zamboni Clarissa , Brocca Ginevra , Ferraresso Serena , Ferro Silvia , Sammarco Alessandro , Dal Corso Chiara , Iussich Selina , de Andres Paloma J. , Martìnez de Merlo Elena M. , Cavicchioli Laura , Zappulli Valentina , Castagnaro Massimo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCanine oral melanoma (COM) is the most frequent tumour with oral localization in dogs. Copy number gains and amplifications of CCND1, a gene coding for Cyclin D1, are the most frequent chromosomal aberrations described in human non‐UV induced melanomas. Twenty‐eight cases of COM were retrieved from paraffin‐blocks archives. A total of 4 μm thick sections were immunostained with an antibody against human Cyclin D1 and Ki‐67. Cyclin D1 and Ki‐67 expressions were scored through two counting methods. DNA was extracted from 20 μm thick sections of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded blocks. Pathological and surrounding healthy tissue was extracted independently. Cyclin D1 immunolabelling was detected in 69% (18/26) while Ki‐67 was present in 88.5% (23/26) of cases. Statistical analysis revealed correlation between two counting methods for Cyclin D1 (r = 0.54; P = .004) and Ki‐67 (r = 0.56; P = .003). The correlation found between Ki‐67 and Cyclin D1 indexes in 16/26 cases labelled by both antibodies (r = 0.7947; P = .0002) suggests a possible use of Cyclin D1 index as prognostic marker. Polymerase chain reaction analysis on CCND1 coding sequence revealed the presence of nine somatic mutations in seven samples producing synonymous, missense and stop codons. Since none of the single‐nucleotide polymorphisms was found to be recurrent, it is suggested that overexpression of Cyclin D1 may be the consequence of alterations of CCND1 upstream regions or other genetic aberrations not detectable with the methodology used in this study. Future studies are needed to verify the potential use of Cyclin D1 index as prognostic indicator and to highlight the molecular events responsible for Cyclin D1 overexpression in COMs.
The utility of diagnostic tests for immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors:   Members of the Veterinary and Comparative Clinical Immunology Society Diagnostic Task Force, MacNeill Amy L. , Dandrieux Julien , Lubas George , Seelig Davis , Szladovits Balázs 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundA definitive diagnosis of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) can be difficult to make. However, it is critical to differentiate IMHA from other causes of anemia due to the impact on prognosis and outcome for IMHA patients. Recently published American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine recommendations for the diagnosis of IMHA should be followed to concurrently confirm ongoing anemia, verify in vivo hemolysis, and detect anti‐erythrocyte antibodies. The reliability of immunologic IMHA tests varies depending on which test is used and how it is performed.ObjectivesOur aims were to determine which tests are currently used in veterinary medicine to diagnose IMHA and review the utility of assays that have historically been used to diagnose IMHA.MethodsA short survey was designed to see which diagnostic tests for IMHA were currently being used by veterinary practices. The survey was distributed via list‐serves to veterinarians and veterinary technologists. A literature review was performed to report the utility of diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of IMHA.ResultsSurvey respondents indicated a variability in test protocols used to diagnose IMHA. Most respondents perform saline agglutination or Coombs’ tests to detect anti‐erythrocyte antibodies. Additional tests that can be used to support a diagnosis of IMHA are discussed in this review.ConclusionsA standardized diagnostic approach should be followed to differentiate IMHA from other causes of anemia. Test methodology can vary from one laboratory to another, and clinicians should be familiar with the procedures used by their laboratory.
Comparative performance of the highly invasive Mimosa invisa and its less invasive subspecies under different nutrient and light conditions
Authors: Wang Y , Fan Z W , Shen Y D , Li X X , Liu Y , Huang Q Q 
Published: September 2019

SummaryInvasive plants may be more plastic than non‐invasive plants and maintain high fitness under various environmental conditions. Previous studies mainly focused on the comparisons between invasive and native plants, and comparisons between highly invasive and less invasive exotic species are still relatively rare, especially for comparisons at the subspecies level. This study examined the effects of nutrient addition and shading on the performance of the highly invasive Mimosa invisa and its less invasive subspecies M. invisa var. inermis under either isolated or competitive conditions. Nutrient addition increased biomass and plant height and decreased root‐to‐shoot ratio (R/S). Shading decreased biomass and R/S and increased plant height. Under isolated conditions, the two invaders did not differ in R/S, plant height and plasticity of these traits in response to nutrient addition or shading, and the two invaders also did not differ in biomass production under each of the nutrient and light treatments. When the two invaders competed with each other, M. invisa outcompeted M. invisa var. inermis under high soil nutrient conditions, and the two invaders did not differ in performance under other growth conditions. Thus, only considering competition may we find out the difference between highly invasive species and their closely related, less invasive subspecies. Management of M. invisa should focus on habitats with high soil nutrient availability, in which M. invisa is more likely to dominate.
Structure and severity of pharyngeal obstruction determine oral appliance efficacy in sleep apnoea
Authors: Marques Melania , Genta Pedro R. , Azarbarzin Ali , Taranto‐Montemurro Luigi , Messineo Ludovico , Hess Lauren B. , Demko Gail , White David P. , Sands Scott A. , Wellman Andrew 
Published: September 2019

Key points
Some patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) respond well to oral appliance therapy, whereas others do not for reasons that are unclear.
In the present study, we used gold‐standard measurements to demonstrate that patients with a posteriorly‐located tongue (natural sleep endoscopy) exhibit a preferential improvement in collapsibility (lowered critical closing pressure) with oral appliances.
We also show that patients with both posteriorly‐located tongue and less severe collapsibility (predicted responder phenotype) exhibit greater improvements in severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (i.e. reduction in event frequency by 83%, in contrast to 48% in predicted non‐responders).
The present study suggests that the structure and severity of pharyngeal obstruction determine the phenotype of sleep apnoea patients who benefit maximally from oral appliance efficacy.
AbstractA major limitation to the administration of oral appliance therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is that therapeutic responses remain unpredictable. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that oral appliance therapy (i) reduces pharyngeal collapsibility preferentially in patients with posteriorly‐located tongue and (ii) is most efficacious (reduction in apnoea‐hypopnea index; AHI) in patients with a posteriorly‐located tongue and less‐severe baseline pharyngeal collapsibility. Twenty‐five OSA patients underwent upper airway endoscopy during natural sleep to assess tongue position (type I: vallecula entirely visible; type II: vallecula obscured; type III: vallecula and glottis obscured), as well as obstruction as a result of other pharyngeal structures (e.g. epiglottis). Additional sleep studies with and without oral appliance were performed to measure collapsibility (critical closing pressure; Pcrit) and assess treatment efficacy. Overall, oral appliance therapy reduced Pcrit by 3.9 ± 2.4 cmH2O (mean ± SD) and AHI by 69 ± 19%. Therapy lowered Pcrit by an additional 2.7 ± 0.9 cmH2O in patients with posteriorly‐located tongue (types II and III) compared to those without (type I) (P < 0.008). Posteriorly‐located tongue (p = 0.03) and lower collapsibility (p = 0.04) at baseline were significant determinants of (greater‐than‐average) treatment efficacy. Predicted responders (type II and III and Pcrit < 1 cmH2O) exhibited a greater reduction in the AHI (83 ± 9 vs. 48 ± 8% baseline, P < 0.001) and a lower treatment AHI (9 ± 6 vs. 32 ± 15 events h–1, P < 0.001) than predicted non‐responders. The site and severity of pharyngeal collapse combine to determine oral appliance efficacy. Specifically, patients with a posteriorly‐located tongue plus less‐severe collapsibility are the strongest candidates for oral appliance therapy.
Radial Decomposition of Blade Vibration to Identify a Stall Flutter Source in a Transonic Fan
Authors: Rendu Q. , Vahdati M. , Salles L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the three dimensionality of the unsteady flow responsible for stall flutter instability. Nonlinear unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computations are used to predict the aeroelastic behavior of a fan blade at part speed. Flutter is experienced by the blades at low mass flow for the first flap mode at nodal diameter 2. The maximal energy exchange is located near the tip of the blade, at 90% span. The modeshape is radially decomposed to investigate the main source of instability. This decomposition method is validated for the first time in 3D using a time-marching nonlinear solver. The source of stall flutter is finally found at 65% span where the local vibration induces an unstable oscillation of the shock-wave of large amplitude. This demonstrates that the radial migration of the pressure fluctuations must be taken into account to predict stall flutter.
Seasonal Variability of the Solar Energy Potential of the City of Abidjan: Experimental Comparative Study of Two Sunshine Measurement Techniques
Authors: Kouassi Adingra Paul Arsène , Touré Siaka , Traoré Diakaridja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Most countries have a national weather station. In Côte d’Ivoire, it is the Aeronautical and Meteorological Exploitation Company (SODEXAM) which is in charge of it through its databank. The inaccessibility of these data leads many solar energy entrepreneurs to move toward free sites that are often out of phase with the meteorological realities of the area considered. We propose in this paper, a comparative study of two sunshine measurement techniques, namely, the technique of the heliograph and that of the thermoelectric pyranometer, to discuss the reliability of the data provided by these techniques, but also to analyze the seasonal variations of the insolation of Abidjan from 1978 to 2017. The comparison of the results produced by these two approaches showed a discrepancy of up to 43%, with much higher values for the national station. The analysis of the solar field of this city over a period of 19 years has shown a great variability of the solar energy potential which starts from a decrease in energy, from 4447 Wh/m2 (1978–1988) to 3303 Wh/m2 (2003–2009), to achieve an energy increase up to 4782 Wh/m2 (2016–2017). The solar year has been characterized in three solar seasons depending on the mensuel solar irradiation.
Full-Annulus URANS Study on the Transportation of Combustion Inhomogeneity in a Four-Stage Cooled Turbine
Authors: Chi Zhongran , Liu Haiqing , Zang Shusheng , Pan Chengxiong , Jiao Guangyun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe inhomogeneity of temperature in a turbine is related to the nonuniform heat release and air injections in combustors, which is commonly measured by thermal couples at the turbine exit. Investigation of temperature inhomogeneity transportation in a multistage gas turbine should help in detecting and quantifying the over-temperature or flameout of combustors using turbine exhaust temperature. Here, the transportation of combustion inhomogeneity inside the four-stage turbine of a 300-MW gas turbine engine was numerically investigated. The computational domain included four turbine stages, consisting of more than 500 blades and vanes. Realistic components (N2, O2, CO2, and H2O) with variable heat capacities were considered for hot gas and cooling air. Coolants were added to the computational domain through more than 19,000 mass and momentum source terms. An unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (URANS CFD) run with over-temperature/flameout at 6 selected combustors out of 24 was carried out. The temperature distributions at rotor–stator interfaces and the turbine outlet were quantified and characterized using Fourier transformations in the space domain. It is found that the transport process from the hot streaks/cold streaks at the inlet to the outlet is relatively stable. The cold and hot fluid is redistributed in time and space due to the stator and rotor blades, and in the region with a large parameter gradient at the inlet, a strong unsteady temperature field and a composition field appear. The distribution of the exhaust-gas composition has a stronger correlation with the inlet temperature distribution and is less susceptible to interactions.