bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morpho-photometric redshifts
Authors: Menou Kristen 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Machine learning (ML) is one of two standard approaches (together with SED fitting) for estimating the redshifts of galaxies when only photometric information is available. ML photo-z solutions have traditionally ignored the morphological information available in galaxy images or partly included it in the form of hand-crafted features, with mixed results. We train a morphology-aware photometric redshift machine using modern deep learning tools. It uses a custom architecture that jointly trains on galaxy fluxes, colours, and images. Galaxy-integrated quantities are fed to a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) branch, while images are fed to a convolutional (convnet) branch that can learn relevant morphological features. This split MLP-convnet architecture, which aims to disentangle strong photometric features from comparatively weak morphological ones, proves important for strong performance: a regular convnet-only architecture, while exposed to all available photometric information in images, delivers comparatively poor performance. We present a cross-validated MLP-convnet model trained on 130 000 SDSS-DR12 (Sloan Digital Sky Survey – Data Release 12) galaxies that outperforms a hyperoptimized Gradient Boosting solution (hyperopt+XGBoost), as well as the equivalent MLP-only architecture, on the redshift bias metric. The fourfold cross-validated MLP-convnet model achieves a bias δz/(1 + z) = −0.70 ± 1 × 10−3, approaching the performance of a reference ANNZ2 ensemble of 100 distinct models trained on a comparable data set. The relative performance of the morphology-aware and morphology-blind models indicates that galaxy morphology does improve ML-based photometric redshift estimation.
Non-thermal emission in radio galaxy lobes – II. Centaurus A, Centaurus B, and NGC 6251
Authors: Persic Massimo , Rephaeli Yoel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Radio and γ-ray measurements of large lobes of several radio galaxies provide adequate basis for determining whether emission in these widely separated spectral regions is largely by energetic electrons. This is very much of interest as there is of yet no unequivocal evidence for a significant energetic proton component to account for γ-ray emission by neutral pion decay. A quantitative assessment of the pion yield spectral distribution necessitates full accounting of the local and background radiation fields in the lobes; indeed, doing so in our recent analysis of the spectral energy distribution of the Fornax A lobes considerably weakened previous conclusions on the hadronic origin of the emission measured by the Fermi satellite. We present the results of similar analyses of the measured radio, X-ray, and γ-ray emission from the lobes of Centaurus A, Centaurus B, and NGC 6251. The results indicate that the measured γ-ray emission from these lobes can be accounted for by Compton scattering of the radio-emitting electrons off the superposed radiation fields in the lobes; consequently, we set upper bounds on the energetic proton contents of the lobes.
The prevalence of pseudo-bulges in the Auriga simulations
Authors: Gargiulo Ignacio D , Monachesi Antonela , Gómez Facundo A , Grand Robert J J , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger , White Simon D M , Bell Eric F , Fragkoudi Francesca , Tissera Patricia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the galactic bulges in the Auriga simulations, a suite of 30 cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations of late-type galaxies in Milky Way sized dark matter haloes performed with the moving-mesh code arepo. We aim to characterize bulge formation mechanisms in this large suite of galaxies simulated at high resolution in a fully cosmological context. The bulges of the Auriga galaxies show a large variety in their shapes, sizes, and formation histories. According to observational classification criteria, such as Sérsic index and degree of ordered rotation, the majority of the Auriga bulges can be classified as pseudo-bulges, while some of them can be seen as composite bulges with a classical component; however, none can be classified as a classical bulge. Auriga bulges show mostly an in situ origin, $21{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of them with a negligible accreted fraction (facc < 0.01). In general, their in situ component was centrally formed, with ${\sim}75{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the bulges forming most of their stars inside the bulge region at z = 0. Part of their in situ mass growth is rapid and is associated with the effects of mergers, while another part is more secular in origin. In $90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the Auriga bulges, the accreted bulge component originates from less than four satellites. We investigate the relation between the accreted stellar haloes and the bulges of the Auriga simulations. The total bulge mass shows no correlation with the accreted stellar halo mass, as in observations. However, the accreted mass of bulges tends to correlate with their respective accreted stellar halo mass.
A polar filter in DNA polymerases prevents ribonucleotide incorporation
Authors: Johnson Mary K , Kottur Jithesh , Nair Deepak T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The presence of ribonucleotides in DNA can lead to genomic instability and cellular lethality. To prevent adventitious rNTP incorporation, the majority of the DNA polymerases (dPols) possess a steric filter. The dPol named MsDpo4 (Mycobacterium smegmatis) naturally lacks this steric filter and hence is capable of rNTP addition. The introduction of the steric filter in MsDpo4 did not result in complete abrogation of the ability of this enzyme to incorporate ribonucleotides. In comparison, DNA polymerase IV (PolIV) from Escherichia coli exhibited stringent selection for deoxyribonucleotides. A comparison of MsDpo4 and PolIV led to the discovery of an additional polar filter responsible for sugar selectivity. Thr43 represents the filter in PolIV and this residue forms interactions with the incoming nucleotide to draw it closer to the enzyme surface. As a result, the 2’-OH in rNTPs will clash with the enzyme surface, and therefore ribonucleotides cannot be accommodated in the active site in a conformation compatible with productive catalysis. The substitution of the equivalent residue in MsDpo4–Cys47, with Thr led to a drastic reduction in the ability of the mycobacterial enzyme to incorporate rNTPs. Overall, our studies evince that the polar filter serves to prevent ribonucleotide incorporation by dPols.
Recurrent Hemispheric Stroke Syndromes in Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions: The Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study Randomized Trial
Authors: Nahab Fadi , Liu Michael , Rahman Haseeb A , Rangaraju Srikant , Barrow Daniel , Cawley C Michael , Grubb Robert L , Derdeyn Colin P , Adams Harold P , Videen Tom O , Zimmerman M Bridget , Powers William J ,   on behalf of the COSS Investigators
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
There are limited data on outcomes of extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass in patients with recurrent hemispheric syndromes due to atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion (AICAO).

OBJECTIVE
To compare clinical outcomes and efficacy of EC-IC bypass surgery in patients with and without recurrent hemispheric syndromes associated with AICAO in the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS).

METHODS
In patients enrolled in the COSS trial, we compared baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes for participants with (rHEMI+) and without recurrent hemispheric ischemia (rHEMI−) prior to randomization into surgical vs medical groups. The primary outcome was all stroke and death from randomization through 30 d and ipsilateral ischemic stroke within 2 yr.

RESULTS
Of 195 randomized participants, 100 were rHEMI+ (50 in each group). Baseline characteristics between rHEMI+ and rHEMI− participants were similar except rHEMI+ were more likely to have had previous stroke prior to randomization (61% vs 20%, P < .01) and to have TIA as the entry event (59% vs 21%, P < .01). All primary endpoints were ipsilateral ischemic strokes. There were no significant differences in occurrence of the primary endpoint between nonsurgical and surgical participants in rHEMI+ (26.3% vs 22.4%, P = .660) and rHEMI− (18.9% vs 19.5%, P = .943). For nonsurgical participants, there was no significant difference in the primary endpoint for rHEMI+ vs rHEMI− patients (P = .410)

CONCLUSION
Patients with recurrent hemispheric stroke syndromes enrolled in the COSS trial did not show benefit from EC-IC bypass compared to medical treatment. Early aggressive risk factor measures should be prioritized to reduce recurrent strokes in these patients.
Disease-specific quality of life following a flare in systemic lupus erythematosus: an item response theory analysis of the French EQUAL cohort
Authors: Corneloup Marie , Maurier François , Wahl Denis , Muller Geraldine , Aumaitre Olivier , Seve Pascal , Blaison Gilles , Pennaforte Jean-Loup , Martin Thierry , Magy-Bertrand Nadine , Berthier Sabine , Arnaud Laurent , Bourredjem Abderrahmane , Amoura Zahir , Devilliers Hervé ,   for the EQUAL Study Group
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To explore, at an item-level, the effect of disease activity (DA) on specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in SLE patients using an item response theory longitudinal model.

Methods
This prospective longitudinal multicentre French cohort EQUAL followed SLE patients over 2 years. Specific HRQoL according to LupusQoL and SLEQOL was collected every 3 months. DA according to SELENA-SLEDAI flare index (SFI) and revised SELENA-SLEDAI flare index (SFI-R) was evaluated every 6 months. Regarding DA according to SFI and each SFI-R type of flare, specific HRQoL of remitting patients was compared with non-flaring patients fitting a linear logistic model with relaxed assumptions for each domain of the questionnaires.

Results
Between December 2011 and July 2015, 336 patients were included (89.9% female). LupusQoL and SLEQOL items related to physical HRQoL (physical health, physical functioning, pain) were most affected by musculoskeletal and cutaneous flares. Cutaneous flares had significant influence on self-image. Neurological or psychiatric flares had a more severe impact on specific HRQoL. Patient HRQoL was impacted up to 18 months after a flare.

Conclusion
Item response theory analysis is able to pinpoint items that are influenced by a given patient group in terms of a latent trait change. Item-level analysis provides a new way of interpreting HRQoL variation in SLE patients, permitting a better understanding of DA impact on HRQoL. This kind of analysis could be easily implemented for the comparison of groups in a clinical trial.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01904812.
Internal Capital Markets in Times of Crisis: The Benefit of Group Affiliation*
Authors: Santioni Raffaele , Schiantarelli Fabio , Strahan Philip E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Firms affiliated with business groups survive the stress of the global financial and euro crises better than unaffiliated firms. Using granular data from Italy, we show that better performance stems partly from access to an internal capital market, as the survival value of group-affiliated firms increases with group-wide cash flow. Internal cash transfers increase when banks’ health deteriorates, with funds moving from cash-rich to cash-poor firms and, some evidence suggests, to firms with favorable investment opportunities. Internal capital markets’ role thus increases when external markets (banks) are distressed.
Evolution of a hyper-complex intromittent organ in rove beetles – the endophallus of Xantholinini (Staphylinidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Zhou Yu-Lingzi , Zhou Hong-Zhang , Ślipiński Adam , Beutel Rolf G 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudies on the functional morphology and evolution of genitalia have been crucial to understanding sexual traits in speciation, reproductive isolation and sexual selection in Coleoptera and insects in general. However, the focus of investigation of the intromittent organ of beetles was largely confined to the sclerotized elements of the aedeagus, whereas the membranous structures of the endophallus (=internal sac) have often not been adequately considered. Using a micro-operating technique, we observed living male rove beetles and found five different types of endophallus eversion and related morphological modifications. Analysing genital data of a larger sample of Xantholinini, we could demonstrate that endophallus complexity and modifications tend to vary inversely with the median lobe (penis: intromittent organ). Our comparative morphological study, combined with a molecular phylogenetic analysis, suggests that endophallus spiralling occurring after endophallus eversion is an innovation in beetle evolution.
Prognostic Factors for Drop Foot Due to Lumbar Degenerative Diseases
Authors: Masuda Soichiro , Kanba Yusuke , Kawai Jun , Ikeda Noboru 
Published: September 2019

Study Design:
Retrospective clinical series.

Objective:
To investigate the prognostic factors for the improvement of drop foot caused by degenerative lumbar disease after surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Drop foot may be caused by lumbar spinal diseases and may affect daily life. There are limited data regarding predictors of drop foot, especially surgical timing.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed data from 87 patients with drop foot. Prognostic factors and precise timing of surgery affecting drop foot improvement were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Forty patients (46.0%) recovered from drop foot after surgery. Age [odds ratio (OR)=0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87−0.98; P=0.01], preoperative anterior tibialis muscle strength (OR=12.0; 95% CI, 2.41−59.9; P=0.002), and duration of drop foot before surgery (OR=3.59; 95% CI, 1.09−11.8; P=0.04) were significant prognostic factors. Two months was the most appropriate cutoff for surgery after appearance of symptoms.

Conclusions:
Age, preoperative tibialis anterior muscle strength, and duration of drop foot were statistically significant prognostic factors of recovery from drop foot. Surgery within 2 months after the onset of drop foot may improve postoperative outcome.
Factors Influencing Sun Protection Behaviors Among Patients With Skin Cancer: An Application of the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills Model
Authors: Nahar Vinayak K. , Black William H. , Ford M. Allison , Bass Martha A. , Bentley John P. , Johnson Paul , Brodell Robert T. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess predictors of sun protection behaviors based on the information–motivation–behavioral skills (IMB) model among people diagnosed with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 311 patients with NMSC was recruited at a medical center in Mississippi. Patients were invited to complete a face- and content-valid, IMB-model-based questionnaire. The average age of the participants was 64.12 (±12.02) years, and most (58.8%) were male. Most participants indicated not using sun protection behaviors while outdoors. Findings showed that sun protection behaviors were directly predicted by self-efficacy (standardized path coefficient = 0.504, p < .001) and social support (standardized path coefficient = 0.199, p = .010). In addition, sun protection behavior was indirectly predicted (through self-efficacy) by social support (standardized indirect effect = 0.160, p < .001) and attitudes (standardized indirect effect = 0.192, p = .001). The explained variances for self-efficacy and sun protection behaviors were 43% and 35.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the IMB model appears to be a useful theoretical framework for predicting sun protection behaviors among patients with NMSC. Sun safety intervention programs should be developed based on this theoretical model for patients with NMSC.
Injectable Deoxycholic Acid (ATX-101, Kybella) for Nonsurgical Submental Contouring
Authors: Zito Patrick M. , Nagrani Nicole K. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Drugs are medications or substances that are used to modify physiologic responses and alleviate associated symptoms. In dermatology, medications and substances are utilized on a daily basis and include topical treatments to anesthetics in micrographic surgery to biologic-acting immunologic agents. The purposes of this section are to focus on drug, specifically how it works and how it is utilized, and to discuss routine alternatives (if available). In this column, we will focus on the uses, mechanism of action, adverse effects, and alternatives to injectable deoxycholic acid (ATX-101, Kybella), a new nonsurgical agent in esthetic reduction of submental fat.
Itchy Patches on the Upper and Lower Extremities
Authors: Mitri Andia , Lake Eden 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This is a case of a patient presenting with pruritic dark plaques that erupted on the upper extremities and the left inner thigh. The patient is otherwise asymptomatic with no other acute concerns. A multiple-choice question is presented and readers will be challenged to diagnose this patient based on the case presentation, symptoms, and patient history. An answer is given followed by a discussion of the diagnosis, clinical features, and therapeutic management.
Neuropathological Findings of Dementia Associated With Subjective Hearing Loss
Authors: Neff Ryan M. , Jicha Gregory , Westgate Philip M. , Hawk Greg S. , Bush Matthew L. , McNulty Beth 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
The relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline is of great importance with growing evidence of hearing loss as an independent modifiable risk factor for dementia. Our goal was to evaluate for differences in dementia neuropathology between subjective normal hearing and hearing loss subjects, as well as subjects who wore hearing aids.

Study Design:
Retrospective database.

Setting:
Tertiary academic center.

Patients:
Brain tissue analyzed from our Center on Aging. Demographics, subjective hearing status, hearing aid use, cognitive status, and dementia neuropathology documented.

Interventions:
Dementia neuropathology analyzed in brains of normal hearing and hearing loss subjects.

Main Outcome Measures:
Differences in dementia neuropathology between hearing groups. Groups were compared using logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results:
Two-hundred and seventy-three subjects were included, 189 normal hearing and 84 subjective hearing loss subjects. No significant difference demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology (p > 0.05) or pathologic stage (p = 0.2471). No significant difference observed in neuropathology of other major dementia types, specifically, presence of Lewy bodies (p > 0.05), Lewy body disease pathologic stage (p = 0.9778), or presence of micro-infarcts, macro-infarcts, or arteriosclerosis (p > 0.05). Hearing aid-wearing subjects had a lower prevalence of clinical dementia (39.1% versus 57.9%; p = 0.0208) with no significant difference in dementia neuropathology (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Subjective hearing loss was not found to be associated with significantly different dementia neuropathology, which counters hypotheses on hearing loss causing permanent neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Hearing aid users were found to have a lower prevalence of dementia for similar levels of neurodegeneration, suggesting a potential neuroprotective effect of hearing aids.
Health Literacy Risk in Older Adults With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Liu Yong B. , Chen Yan L. , Xue Hui P. , Hou Ping 
Published: September 2019

Background
The relationship between an increasing elderly population and wide-ranging neurological conditions has led to heightened rates of cognitive function impairment. Some researchers have found that health literacy risk may be associated with cognitive impairment in older adults.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to delineate the difference in health literacy risk between older adults with mild cognitive impairment and those with normal cognitive function.

Methods
We conducted a survey study to explore the health literacy risk in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. Data were collected from 412 subjects between 60 and 91 years of age (260 without and 152 with mild cognitive impairment) between June and December 2016 in China. Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental Status Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Global Deterioration Scale, Activities of Daily Living, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Health literacy was measured using the Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire.

Results
The scores of total health literacy and its three dimensions (basic health knowledge and mind, basic skills, and health lifestyle and behavior) were lower in those with mild cognitive impairment. Older adults with normal cognitive function had adequate or marginal health literacy levels, whereas those with mild cognitive impairment had marginal or inadequate health literacy levels. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that health literacy risk, education level, age, marital status, and body mass index were independent risk factors for mild cognitive impairment.

Discussion
These results suggest that low health literacy may be a predictor of mild cognitive impairment. Screening for lower health literacy risk should be included in multidimensional geriatric evaluation.
Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electronic Nerve Stimulation in Postoperative Analgesia After Pulmonary Surgery
Authors: Zhou Jian , Dan Yuqing , Yixian Yanling , Lyu Mengyuan , Zhong Jiayi , Wang Zihuai , Zhu Yunke , Liu Lunxu 
Published: September 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to identify the analgesic efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation in postoperative pain after pulmonary surgery.

Design
Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL) were systematically searched from their inception to June 2019. The continuous variables were pooled as the weighted mean difference with correlated 95% confidence interval. Results were recognized as significant when a P value is less than 0.05. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and quality assessment were performed.

Results
Altogether, 10 studies were included. The pooled results indicated that transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation group conferred lower pain intensity score on the first postoperative day (weighted mean difference = −0.93, 95% confidence interval = −1.56 to −0.30, P = 0.004), postoperative day 2 (weighted mean difference = −1.00, 95% confidence interval = −1.64 to −0.35, P = 0.002), postoperative day 3 (weighted mean difference = −0.92, 95% confidence interval = −1.76 to −0.09, P = 0.03), postoperative day 4 (weighted mean difference = −0.90, 95% confidence interval = −1.24 to −0.56, P < 0.001), and postoperative day 5 (weighted mean difference = −1.39, 95% confidence interval = −2.20 to −0.57, P < 0.001) compared with the placebo transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation group. No publication bias was found. No significant discovery was obtained in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation might be an effective supplementary analgesic regimen in multimodal analgesia to decrease pain intensity after pulmonary surgery.