bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal developmental disturbances and their long-term consequences in female pups from vitamin D-deficient mothers: involved mechanisms
Authors: Almeida L. F. , Francescato H. D. C. , Silva R. S. , Silva C. G. A. , Antunes-Rodrigues J. , de Paula F. J. A. , Coimbra T. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms involved in kidney disturbances during development, induced by vitamin D3 deficiency in female rats, that persist into adulthood were evaluated in this study. Female offspring from mothers fed normal (control group, n=8) or vitamin D-deficient (Vit.D-, n=10) diets were used. Three-month-old rats had their systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured and their blood and urine sampled to quantify vitamin D3 (Vit.D3), creatinine, Na+, Ca+2 and angiotensin II (ANGII) levels. The kidneys were then removed for nitric oxide (NO) quantification and immunohistochemical studies. Vit.D- pups showed higher SBP and plasma ANGII levels in adulthood (P<0.05) as well as decreased urine osmolality associated with increases in urinary volume (P<0.05). Decreased expression of JG12 (renal cortex and glomeruli) and synaptopodin (glomeruli) as well as reduced renal NO was also observed (P<0.05). These findings showed that renal disturbances in development in pups from Vit.D- mothers observed in adulthood may be related to the development of angiogenesis, NO and ANGII alterations.
Can the gap in Aboriginal outcomes be explained by DOHaD
Authors: McEwen E. C. , Boulton T. J. , Smith R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Australia, there are two distinct populations, each with vastly disparate health outcomes: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and non-Aboriginal Australians. Aboriginal Australians have significantly higher rates of health and socioeconomic disadvantage, and Aboriginal babies are also more likely to be born low birth weight or growth restricted. TheDevelopmental Origins of Health and Disease(DOHaD) hypothesis advocates that a sub-optimal intrauterine environment, often manifested as diminished foetal growth, during critical periods of foetal development has the potential to alter the risk of non-communicable disease in the offspring. A better understanding of the role of the intrauterine environment and subsequent developmental programming, in response to both transgenerational and immediate stimuli, in Aboriginal Australians remains a relatively unexplored field and may provide insights into the prevailing health disparities between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. This narrative review explores the role of DOHaD in explaining the ongoing disadvantage experienced by Aboriginal People in today’s society through a detailed discussion of the literature on the association between foetal growth, as a proxy for the quality of the intrauterine environment, and outcomes in the offspring including perinatal health, early life development and childhood education. The literature largely supports this hypothesis and this review therefore has potential implications for policy makers not only in Australia but also in other countries that have minority and Indigenous populations who suffer disproportionate disadvantage such as the United States, Canada and New Zealand.
The Validation of the German Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction	and Frustration Scale in the Context of Mental Health
Authors: Heissel Andreas , Pietrek Anou , Flunger Barbara , Fydrich Thomas , Rapp Michael A. , Heinzel Stephan , Vansteenkiste Maarten 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological need frustration and need satisfaction in the prediction of adults’ mental well-being and ill-being in a heterogeneous sample of adults ( N = 334; Mage = 43.33, SD = 32.26; 53% females). Prior to this, validity evidence was provided for the German version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The results of the validation analyses found the German BPNSFS to be a valid and reliable measurement. Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that both need satisfaction and frustration yielded unique and opposing associations with well-being. Specifically, the dimension of psychological need frustration predicted adults’ ill-being. Future research should examine whether frustration of psychological needs is involved in the onset and maintenance of psychopathology (e.g., major depressive disorder).
Association of Physical Morbidity and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Representative Sample of Older German People
Authors: Wirtz Markus A. , Morfeld Matthias , Brähler Elmar , Hinz Andreas , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form Health Survey-12; SF-12) and patient-reported morbidity-related symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) is analyzed in a representative sample of older people in the general German population. Data from 1,659 people aged 60 to 85 years were obtained. Latent class analysis identified six classes of patients, which optimally categorize clusters of physical symptoms the participants reported: musculoskeletal impairments (39.8%), healthy (25.7%), musculoskeletal and respiratory/cardiac impairments (12.8%), musculoskeletal and respiratory impairments, along with bowel and digestion problems (12.9%), general impairments (4.9%), and general impairments with no bowel and digestion problems (4.8%). The participants’ SF-12 Physical Health Scores (η2 = .39) and their Mental Health Scores (η2 = .28) are highly associated with these latent classes. These associations remain virtually identical after controlling for age. The results provide evidence that profiles of patient-reported physical impairments correspond strongly with reduced HRQoL independently from aging processes.
Distinctive Evolutions of Eurasian Warming and Extreme Events Before and After Global Warming Would Stabilize at 1.5 °C
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Xu Haiming , Luo Jing‐Jia , Deng Jiechun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUtilizing the specially designed low‐warming experiments of the fully coupled Community Earth System Model, we investigate the evolutions of Eurasian climate and extreme events if global mean temperature would stabilize at 1.5 °C and 2 °C above preindustrial levels or overshoot the 1.5 °C (1.5 °C OS) threshold. We find that distinctive evolutions of surface temperature (TS) and extreme events appear in different regions of Eurasia, particularly over East China and Northern Eurasia. In the course of global warming, before global mean temperature stabilizes, the two regions display similar changes of TS and extreme events. However, after global warming halts, the two regions experience distinctive evolutions of local warming and extreme events. Over East China, where the adjacent ocean exhibits stronger‐than‐global mean warming, the local TS and both the strength and frequency of heat extremes keep increasing continuously. The extreme precipitation intensity increases even more rapidly compared to the change of heat extremes. In stark contrast, TS and heat extremes intensity over northern Eurasia decrease in both the 1.5 °C and 1.5 °C OS cases, except that the extreme precipitation experiences little change. We find that the most vulnerable period over northern Eurasia is the transition period, in which TS increases till its maximum and then decreases. The heat extremes during the transition period are also stronger and more frequent compared to the end of the 21st century over northern Eurasia.
On the Kinetic Nature of Solar Wind Discontinuities
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Vasko I. Y. , Runov A. , Avanov L. A. , Giles B. L. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe most intense currents in the solar wind are carried by magnetic field discontinuities. The formation of such structures depends on whether they are rotational or tangential discontinuities. To distinguish between these two types, variations of plasma characteristics should be studied. We analyze data from a set of discontinuities observed by the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun and Magnetospheric Multiscale missions in the near‐Earth solar wind. We show that these discontinuities have properties characteristic of both tangential and rotational discontinuities: (1) Jumps in the tangential velocity component are well correlated with jumps in the Alfven speed, and (2) Electron density and temperature vary significantly across these discontinuities. Suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions change across discontinuities, revealing the importance of electron kinetics to discontinuity structure. Investigation of the discontinuity formation needs to go beyond magnetohydrodynamics theory and highly likely involves both ion and electron kinetics.
Genesis of Intermediate‐Depth and Deep Intraslab Earthquakes beneath Japan Constrained by Seismic Tomography, Seismicity, and Thermal Modeling
Authors: Chen Min , Manea Vlad Constantin , Niu Fenglin , Wei S. Shawn , Kiser Eric 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe distribution of intermediate‐depth and deep intraslab earthquakes with respect to subducting slabs offers a unique insight into seismogenesis at high pressures and temperatures that should inhibit brittle failure. This study constrains the surface of the subducting Pacific Plate beneath Japan at depths between 100 and 380 km based on a previous continental‐scale adjoint tomography model. Earthquake distributions relative to the slab surface reveal double seismic zones located within the top 60 km of the Pacific Plate. Thermal modeling suggests that the lower‐plane seismicity corresponds to temperatures between 400 and 900 °C. The seismogenic pressure and temperature conditions correlate approximately with the conditions of dehydration reactions of several hydrous minerals, that is, antigorite (serpentine) and chlorite at depths between 100 and 200 km and phase A at greater depths between 200 and 380 km. These correlations indicate that at these depths water released from dehydration processes may facilitate triggering slab mantle earthquakes.
Tracer‐Guided Characterization of Dominant Pore Networks and Implications for Permeability and Wettability in Shale
Authors: Peng Sheng , Reed Robert M. , Xiao Xianghui , Yang Yang , Liu Yijin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPore network characterization is an important aspect in unconventional reservoir evaluation. While application of the technique of scanning electron microscope (SEM) brings substantial advances in pore characterization in shale, understanding the connected pore network that dominates flow in shale samples is limited by using SEM alone because of small fields of view and lack of views of connectivity in 3D. In this research, a technique integrating tracer imbibition, micro‐computed tomography (CT) imaging, and SEM imaging was developed to provide a solution for multiscale imaging in shale. Tracer imbibition indicates pore connectivity; micro‐CT imaging after tracer imbibition thus provides an overview of the connected pore network at the millimeter scale. With guidance from micro‐CT images after tracer imbibition, a more accurate and detailed characterization of pore systems and related mineralogy can be conducted using higher‐resolution SEM. The method was applied to five samples from Wolfcamp and Eagle Ford Formations. Results reveal the effectiveness of the integrated method by showing different patterns of distribution of the dominant pore network and different controlling mineralogy. Dominant porosity, estimated from grayscale analyses, displays a good correlation with permeability. This result indicates that dominant porosity is more relevant to permeability than is total porosity. Results from imbibition tests are also compared with that from contact angle measurement, and important implications on wettability can be obtained. The integrated method thus has the capacity to link the dominant pore network and wettability with microscale to submicroscale mineralogy, which can help better understand the pore systems and fluid flow in shale.
Frontogenesis and the Creation of Fine‐Scale Vertical Phytoplankton Structure
Authors: de Verneil A. , Franks P. J. S. , Ohman M. D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFine‐scale spatial structuring of phytoplankton patches has significant consequences for the marine food web, from altering phytoplankton exposure to surface light and limiting nutrients, to influencing the foraging of zooplankton, modifying carbon export, and impacting patterns of diversity. Hence, it is important to identify these fine‐scale features and determine what generates their variability. Here we present evidence of fine‐scale, tilted, interleaved layers in salinity and chlorophyll‐a fluorescence observed in free‐fall Moving Vessel Profiler surveys across a frontal system west of Point Conception, California. The observed covariability of hydrographic and biological properties allows for decomposition of the features into different water histories. Our analyses suggest that recently upwelled coastal water subsequently advected and intermingled with surrounding water masses from farther offshore. Orientations of the fine layers found in the filament are consistent with restratification and downwelling due to an ageostrophic secondary circulation brought on by frontogenesis. Finite size Lyapunov exponents, a Lagrangian diagnostic calculated from remote sensing data, provide positive evidence for frontogenetic convergence occurring upstream of the feature and allow for direct comparisons with in situ data to gauge their general utility in defining dynamical boundaries. These results highlight how frontal systems not only horizontally compress the biological niches represented by formerly disparate water masses but also create vertical structure and patchiness that can rapidly change over submesoscales.
Geographical Distribution of Thundersnow Events and Their Properties From GPM Ku‐Band Radar
Authors: Adhikari Abishek , Liu Chuntao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSix‐years (2010–2015) of snow lightning characteristics and climatology, including seasonal, diurnal, and surface temperature distribution, are generated. The World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and the National Lightning Detection Network lightning observations are collocated with Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA‐2) temperatures. Cold season lightning events are identified as lightning with the MERRA‐2 two‐meter surface temperature colder than 0 °C and then further classified as snow lightning or thundersnow, when the entire vertical temperature profile is below 2 °C, and as freezing rain lightning when there is a temperature warmer than 2 °C somewhere in the column above the freezing surface. The statistics of snow lightning events from WWLLN and National Lightning Detection Network are well matched and are consistent with the climatology of thundersnow days reported at ground‐based stations over the United States. Using 4 years of observations from the Global Precipitation Measuring Mission Ku band radar, 443 Thunder Snow Features (TSFs) are defined, having a contiguous area of nonzero near surface snow precipitation derived from the Ku band radar and MERRA‐2 data, along with collocated WWLLN lightning flashes. The majority (about 394) are found over high mountainous regions such the Himalayas, Tibet, the Andes, and the Zagros mountain regions. Low‐elevation TSFs (45) are observed over the continental and coastal regions. Though only a small number of TSFs are identified with 4 years of Global Precipitation Mission data, most TSFs have maximum radar reflectivity above 30 dBZ at temperature colder than −10 °C, which indicates the importance of the noninductive charging process in these events.
Rapid Changes in Land‐Sea Thermal Contrast Across China's Coastal Zone in a Warming Climate
Authors: Yao Yulong , Zou Xinqing , Zhao Yifei , Wang Teng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoastal areas are important sites of environmental and socioeconomic activities and are significantly influenced by climate change. Here we analyzed the current and future responses of spatiotemporal characteristics of land‐sea thermal contrast (LSTC) along China's coastal zone to global warming. Using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis (ERA)‐Interim and 18 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 models, we find that the rate of global warming significantly influenced the LSTC in summer. The LSTC first decreased and then increased during the warming and hiatus periods, respectively. In winter, the LSTC decreased in the Bohai Sea coastal zone, Yellow Sea‐East China Sea coastal zone, and South China Sea coastal zone at rates of 0.46 (p < 0.01), 0.18 (p < 0.01), and 0.19 °C/decade, respectively. Spatially, the LSTC decreased in summer and winter with the decrease in latitude and increased in summer and winter with the decrease in longitude. These changes were caused by urbanization, land use changes, and topography. The spatial distribution was more strongly controlled by land than by sea. Meanwhile, the land/sea warming ratio was concentrated within the range of 0–1 and 1–2, and land/sea temperature variation trends commonly followed the same direction. Overall, land/sea surface temperature variations had similar amplitudes. Under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), the warming rate difference between land and sea in summer is small, but the land warms faster than the sea in winter, resulting in the LSTC decreasing fast in winter. Under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the linear trends in LSTC in Bohai Sea coastal zone, Yellow Sea‐East China Sea coastal zone, and South China Sea coastal zone ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 (p < 0.01) and 0.13 to 0.15 °C/decade (p < 0.01), respectively.
LncRNA H19 overexpression induces bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma by targeting MCL-1 via miR-29b-3p
Authors: Pan Yafang , Zhang Yu , Liu Wenwen , Huang Yan , Shen Xianjuan , Jing Rongrong , Pu Jiang , Wang Xudong , Ju Shaoqing , Cong Hui , Chen Hongmei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRadiotherapy, chemotherapy, autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and targeted drug therapy are currently available therapeutic options for multiple myeloma (MM), but the clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory owing to frequent occurrence of drug resistance. Anti apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms to mediate drug resistance. Studies have shown that MCL-1 plays a key role in the growth of cancer cells “escaping” drug attacks, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that lncRNA H19 was highly expressed in the serum of MM patients. Bioinformatics predicts that miR-29b-3p is the downstream target gene, and MCL-1 is the downstream target protein of miR-29b-3p. Therefore, we speculated that MCL-1 may be involved in the occurrence of drug resistance through epigenetics. On the basis of these previous findings, the present study was intended to explore the biological function of H19, interactions between the downstream target genes, and the effect of H19 on BTZ resistance of myeloma cells. In addition, in vivo experiments we have also confirmed that H19 promoted tumor growth and may develop resistance to bortezomib partly. It was found that H19 reduced cell sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic drug BTZ by working as a miRNA sponge to inhibit the expression of miR-29b-3p, enhance MCL-1 transcriptional translation and inhibit apoptosis. These findings may help gain insights into the molecular mechanism of acquired BTZ resistance and develop new drug targets for the clinical treatment of MM.
Hematopoietic chimerism and donor-specific skin allograft tolerance after non-genotoxic CD117 antibody-drug-conjugate conditioning in MHC-mismatched allotransplantation
Authors: Li Zhanzhuo , Czechowicz Agnieszka , Scheck Amelia , Rossi Derrick J. , Murphy Philip M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHematopoietic chimerism after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may establish a state of donor antigen-specific tolerance. However, current allotransplantation protocols involve genotoxic conditioning which has harmful side-effects and predisposes to infection and cancer. Here we describe a non-genotoxic conditioning protocol for fully MHC-mismatched bone marrow allotransplantation in mice involving transient immunosuppression and selective depletion of recipient hematopoietic stem cells with a CD117-antibody-drug-conjugate (ADC). This protocol resulted in multilineage, high level (up to 50%), durable, donor-derived hematopoietic chimerism after transplantation of 20 million total bone marrow cells, compared with ≤ 2.1% hematopoietic chimerism from 50 million total bone marrow cells without conditioning. Moreover, long-term survival of bone marrow donor-type but not third party skin allografts is achieved in CD117-ADC-conditioned chimeric mice without chronic immunosuppression. The only observed adverse event is transient elevation of liver enzymes in the first week after conditioning. These results provide proof-of-principle for CD117-ADC as a non−genotoxic, highly-targeted conditioning agent in allotransplantation and tolerance protocols.
Collateral sensitivity constrains resistance evolution of the CTX-M-15 β-lactamase
Authors: Rosenkilde Carola E. H. , Munck Christian , Porse Andreas , Linkevicius Marius , Andersson Dan I. , Sommer Morten O. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a major challenge to global public health. Discovery of new antibiotics is slow and to ensure proper treatment of bacterial infections new strategies are needed. One way to curb the development of antibiotic resistance is to design drug combinations where the development of resistance against one drug leads to collateral sensitivity to the other drug. Here we study collateral sensitivity patterns of the globally distributed extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15, and find three non-synonymous mutations with increased resistance against mecillinam or piperacillin–tazobactam that simultaneously confer full susceptibility to several cephalosporin drugs. We show in vitro and in mice that a combination of mecillinam and cefotaxime eliminates both wild-type and resistant CTX-M-15. Our results indicate that mecillinam and cefotaxime in combination constrain resistance evolution of CTX-M-15, and illustrate how drug combinations can be rationally designed to limit the resistance evolution of horizontally transferred genes by exploiting collateral sensitivity patterns.