bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ba3Mg3(BO3)3F3 polymorphs with reversible phase transition and high performances as ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials
Authors: Mutailipu Miriding , Zhang Min , Wu Hongping , Yang Zhihua , Shen Yihan , Sun Junliang , Pan Shilie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) materials are the vital components of future photoelectric technologies as they can broaden the tunable wavelength range supplied by common laser sources. However, the necessary prerequisites for a practical NLO material are rather strict. Accordingly, considerable efforts have been focused on finding potential NLO materials. Here we report two asymmetric beryllium-free borates Pna21- and P$$\bar 6$$

6

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2m-Ba3Mg3(BO3)3F3 featuring NLO-favorable 2∞[Mg3O2F3(BO3)2] layered structures. The reversible phase transition among two polymorphs was demonstrated by multiple experimental tests. The optical measurements reveal that Pna21-Ba3Mg3(BO3)3F3 possesses the optical properties required for ultraviolet NLO applications. Remarkably, Pna21-Ba3Mg3(BO3)3F3 has a large laser damage threshold, a deep-ultraviolet cutoff edge, a favorable anisotropic thermal expansion as well as the capacity of insolubility in water. These optical properties can be comparable or superior to that of commercial NLO material β-BaB2O4, which make Pna21-Ba3Mg3(BO3)3F3 a promising ultraviolet NLO material.
AND-1 fork protection function prevents fork resection and is essential for proliferation
Authors: Abe Takuya , Kawasumi Ryotaro , Giannattasio Michele , Dusi Sabrina , Yoshimoto Yui , Miyata Keiji , Umemura Koyuki , Hirota Kouji , Branzei Dana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAND-1/Ctf4 bridges the CMG helicase and DNA polymerase alpha, facilitating replication. Using an inducible degron system in avian cells, we find that AND-1 depletion is incompatible with proliferation, owing to cells accumulating in G2 with activated DNA damage checkpoint. Replication without AND-1 causes fork speed slow-down and accumulation of long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps at the replication fork junction, with these regions being converted to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in G2. Strikingly, resected forks and DNA damage accumulation in G2, but not fork slow-down, are reverted by treatment with mirin, an MRE11 nuclease inhibitor. Domain analysis of AND-1 further revealed that the HMG box is important for fast replication but not for proliferation, whereas conversely, the WD40 domain prevents fork resection and subsequent DSB-associated lethality. Thus, our findings uncover a fork protection function of AND-1/Ctf4 manifested via the WD40 domain that is essential for proliferation and averts genome instability.
Salvage of the 5-deoxyribose byproduct of radical SAM enzymes
Authors: Beaudoin Guillaume A. W. , Li Qiang , Folz Jacob , Fiehn Oliver , Goodsell Justin L. , Angerhofer Alexander , Bruner Steven D. , Hanson Andrew D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract5-Deoxyribose is formed from 5′-deoxyadenosine, a toxic byproduct of radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes. The degradative fate of 5-deoxyribose is unknown. Here, we define a salvage pathway for 5-deoxyribose in bacteria, consisting of phosphorylation, isomerization, and aldol cleavage steps. Analysis of bacterial genomes uncovers widespread, unassigned three-gene clusters specifying a putative kinase, isomerase, and sugar phosphate aldolase. We show that the enzymes encoded by the Bacillus thuringiensis cluster, acting together in vitro, convert 5-deoxyribose successively to 5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, 5-deoxyribulose 1-phosphate, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate plus acetaldehyde. Deleting the isomerase decreases the 5-deoxyribulose 1-phosphate pool size, and deleting either the isomerase or the aldolase increases susceptibility to 5-deoxyribose. The substrate preference of the aldolase is unique among family members, and the X-ray structure reveals an unusual manganese-dependent enzyme. This work defines a salvage pathway for 5-deoxyribose, a near-universal metabolite.
Ultrafast switch-on dynamics of frequency-tuneable semiconductor lasers
Authors: Kundu Iman , Wang Feihu , Qi Xiaoqiong , Nong Hanond , Dean Paul , Freeman Joshua R. , Valavanis Alexander , Agnew Gary , Grier Andrew T. , Taimre Thomas , Li Lianhe , Indjin Dragan , Mangeney Juliette , Tignon Jérôme , Dhillon Sukhdeep S. , Rakić Aleksandar D. , Cunningham John E. , Linfield Edmund H. , Davies A. Giles 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSingle-mode frequency-tuneable semiconductor lasers based on monolithic integration of multiple cavity sections are important components, widely used in optical communications, photonic integrated circuits and other optical technologies. To date, investigations of the ultrafast switching processes in such lasers, essential to reduce frequency cross-talk, have been restricted to the observation of intensity switching over nanosecond-timescales. Here, we report coherent measurements of the ultrafast switch-on dynamics, mode competition and frequency selection in a monolithic frequency-tuneable laser using coherent time-domain sampling of the laser emission. This approach allows us to observe hopping between lasing modes on picosecond-timescales and the temporal evolution of transient multi-mode emission into steady-state single mode emission. The underlying physics is explained through a full multi-mode, temperature-dependent carrier and photon transport model. Our results show that the fundamental limit on the timescales of frequency-switching between competing modes varies with the underlying Vernier alignment of the laser cavity.
Dynamic weakening during earthquakes controlled by fluid thermodynamics
Authors: Acosta M. , Passelègue F. X. , Schubnel A. , Violay M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEarthquakes result from weakening of faults (transient decrease in friction) during co-seismic slip. Dry faults weaken due to degradation of fault asperities by frictional heating (e.g. flash heating). In the presence of fluids, theoretical models predict faults to weaken by thermal pressurization of fault fluid. However, experimental evidence of rock/fluid interactions during dynamic rupture under realistic stress conditions remains poorly documented. Here we demonstrate that the relative contribution of thermal pressurization and flash heating to fault weakening depends on fluid thermodynamic properties. Our dynamic records of laboratory earthquakes demonstrate that flash heating drives strength loss under dry and low (1 MPa) fluid pressure conditions. Conversely, flash heating is inhibited at high fluid pressure (25 MPa) because water’s liquid–supercritical phase transition buffers frictional heat. Our results are supported by flash-heating theory modified for pressurized fluids and by numerical modelling of thermal pressurization. The heat buffer effect has maximum efficiency at mid-crustal depths (~2–5 km), where many anthropogenic earthquakes nucleate.
Invisible water: the importance of good groundwater governance and management
Authors: Megdal Sharon B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper summarizes the results of efforts to bring attention to the importance of understanding and improving groundwater governance and management. Discussion of survey work in the United States and global case studies highlights the importance of focusing attention on this invisible water resource before pollution or depletion of it causes severe economic, environmental, and social dislocations. Better governance and management of groundwater are required to move toward sustainable groundwater use.
Intrinsic Rhythmicity Predicts Synchronization-Continuation Entrainment Performance
Authors: McPherson Trevor , Berger Dorita , Alagapan Sankaraleengam , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRhythmic entrainment—defined as a stable temporal relationship between external periodic signals and endogenous rhythmic processes—allows individuals to coordinate with environmental rhythms. However, the impact of inter-individual differences on entrainment processes as a function of the tempo of external periodic signals remain poorly understood. To better understand the effects of endogenous differences and varying tempos on rhythmic entrainment, 20 young healthy adults participated in a spontaneous motor tempo (SMT) task and synchronization-continuation tasks at three experimental tempos (50, 70, and 128 bpm; 1200, 857, and 469 ms inter onset interval (IOI)). We hypothesized that SMT task performance and tempo would influence externally paced synchronization-continuation task behavior. Indeed, intrinsic rhythmicity assessed through the SMT task predicted performance in the externally paced task, allowing us to characterize differences in entrainment behavior between participants with low and high endogenous rhythmicity. High rhythmicity individuals, defined by better SMT performance, deviated from externally paced pulses sooner than individuals with low rhythmicity, who were able to maintain externally paced pulses for longer. The magnitude of these behavioral differences depended on the experimental tempo of the synchronization-continuation task. Our results indicate that differences in intrinsic rhythmicity vary between individuals and relate to tempo-dependent entrainment performance.
Long-term variation of satellite-based PM2.5 and influence factors over East China
Authors: He Qianshan , Geng Fuhai , Li Chengcai , Mu Haizhen , Zhou Guangqiang , Liu Xiaobo , Gao Wei , Wang Yanyu , Cheng Tiantao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the explosive economic development of China over the past few decades, air pollution has attracted increasing global concern. Using satellite-based PM2.5 data from 2000 to 2015, we found that the available emissions of atmospheric compositions show similar yearly variation trends to PM2.5, even if the synchronization is not met for each composition, implying that the intensity of anthropogenic emissions dominates the temporal variation of PM2.5 in East China. Empirical orthogonal function analysis demonstrates that the dominant variability in the seasonal PM2.5 is closely associated with climate circulation transformation, incarnated as the specific climate index such as the Asia Polar Vortex intensity in spring, the Northern Hemisphere Subtropical High Ridge Position for the leading mode and the Kuroshio Current SST for the second mode in summer, the Asia Polar Vortex Area for the leading mode and the Pacific Polar Vortex Intensity for the second mode in autumn, the NINO A SSTA for the leading mode and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation for the second mode in winter. Therefore, apart from anthropogenic emissions effects, our results also provide robust evidence that over the past 16 years the climate factor has played a significant role in modulating PM2.5 in eastern China.
Antibiotic resistance, molecular characterizations, and clinical manifestations of Campylobacteriosis at a military medical center in Hawaii from 2012–2016: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Ewers Evan C. , Anisowicz Sarah K. , Ferguson Tomas M. , Seronello Scott E. , Barnhill Jason C. , Lustik Michael B. , Agee Willie , Washington Michael A. , Nahid Md A. , Burnett Mark W. , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Srijan Apichai , Rukasiri Supaporn , Wassanarungroj Patcharawalai , Ruekit Sirigade , Nobthai Panida , Swierczewski Brett E. , Lurchachaiwong Woradee , Serichantalergs Oralak , Ngauy Viseth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHawaii has one of the highest incidences of Campylobacteriosis in the United States, but there remains little published data on circulating strains or antimicrobial resistance. We characterized 110 clinical Campylobacter isolates (106 C. jejuni, 4 C. coli) processed at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, HI from 2012–2016. Twenty-five percent of C. jejuni isolates exhibited fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance, compared with 16% for tetracycline (TET), and 0% for macrolides. Two of the four C. coli isolates were resistant to FQ, TET, and macrolides. C. jejuni isolates further underwent multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and molecular capsular typing. Nineteen capsule types were observed, with two capsule types (HS2 and HS9) being associated with FQ resistance (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). HS2 FQ-resistant isolates associated with clonal complex 21, possibly indicating clonal spread in FQ resistance. Macrolides should be considered for treatment of suspect cases due to lack of observed resistance.
MPP+ decreases store-operated calcium entry and TRPC1 expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cell derived dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Sun Yuyang , Selvaraj Senthil , Pandey Sumali , Humphrey Kristen M. , Foster James D. , Wu Min , Watt John A. , Singh Brij B. , Ohm Joyce E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons (DNs), with currently available therapeutics, such as L-Dopa, only able to relieve some symptoms. Stem cell replacement is an attractive therapeutic option for PD patients, and DNs derived by differentiating patient specific stem cells under defined in-vitro conditions may present a viable opportunity to replace dying neurons. We adopted a previously published approach to differentiate Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) into DN using a 12-day protocol involving FGF-2, bFGF, SHH ligand and BDNF. While MSC-derived DNs have been characterized for neuronal markers and electrophysiological properties, we investigated store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanisms of these DNs under normal conditions, and upon exposure to environmental neurotoxin, 1-methyl, 4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+). Overall, we show that MSC-derived DNs are functional with regard to SOCE mechanisms, and MPP+ exposure dysregulates calcium signaling, making them vulnerable to neurodegeneration. Since in-vitro differentiation of MSCs into DNs is an important vehicle for PD disease modeling and regenerative medicine, the results of this study may help with understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying PD.
Alpha B-crystallin C-802G polymorphism and colorectal cancer susceptibility and clinical outcome in Chinese population
Authors: Wu Xiao , Zheng Yuan-Zheng , Han Bin , Wang Ke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) protein has been identified as a prognostic biomarker for CRC. We evaluated CRYAB C-802G (rs14133)polymorphism in association with CRC risk and survival in Chinese population. We genotyped for CRYAB C-802G (rs14133), A-1215G (rs2228387) and intron 2 (rs2070894), and assessed their associations with CRC in a case-control study of 441 CRC cases and 500 healthy controls. We also analyzed this polymorphism in relation to overall survival in CRC patients. A significantly different frequency distribution was found in CRYAB C-802G genotypes, but not in A-1215G and intron2 genotypes, between the cases and the controls. Under multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and gender, CG/GG genotype carriers were associated with increased risk of CRC (OR 1.754, 95% CI 1.338–2.301, P < 0.001) when compared with CC genotype carriers. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that patients with CG/GG genotype had significant shorter survival time than those with CC genotype, after adjustment for gender and TNM stage (HR 2.347, 95% CI 1.719–3.204, P < 0.001), and after adjustment for gender and tumor grade (HR 2.871, 95% CI 2.121–3.887, P < 0.001), respectively. Our results demonstrated that CG/GG at CRYAB C-802G is correlated with CRC susceptibility and this polymorphism may be an useful marker for clinical outcome of CRC.
Catalytic activity of nickel nanoparticles stabilized by adsorbing polymers for enhanced carbon sequestration
Authors: Seo Seokju , Perez Gabriela Alvarez , Tewari Ketan , Comas Xavier , Kim Myeongsub 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work shows the potential of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) stabilized by polymers for accelerating carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolution into saline aquifers. The catalytic characteristics of Ni NPs were investigated by monitoring changes in diameter of CO2 microbubbles. An increase in ionic strength considerably reduces an electrostatic repulsive force in pristine Ni NPs, thereby decreasing their catalytic potential. This study shows how cationic dextran (DEX), nonionic poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), and anionic carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) polymers, the dispersive behaviors of Ni NPs can be used to overcome the negative impact of salinity on CO2 dissolution. The cationic polymer, DEX was less adsorbed onto NPs surfaces, thereby limiting the Ni NPs’ catalytic activity. This behavior is due to a competition for Ni NPs’ surface sites between the cation and DEX under high salinity. On the other hand, the non/anionic polymers, PVP and CMC could be relatively easily adsorbed onto anchoring sites of Ni NPs by the monovalent cation, Na+. Considerable dispersion of Ni NPs by an optimal concentration of the anionic polymers improved their catalytic capabilities even under unfavorable conditions for CO2 dissolution. This study has implications for enhancing geologic sequestration into deep saline aquifers for the purposes of mitigating atmospheric CO2 levels.
Metabolism of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Adamski Piotr , Buszko Katarzyna , Sikora Joanna , Niezgoda Piotr , Barańska Malwina , Ostrowska Małgorzata , Paciorek Przemysław , Navarese Eliano P. , Gorog Diana A. , Kubica Jacek 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTicagrelor is a state-of-the-art antiplatelet agent used for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Unlike remaining oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitors ticagrelor does not require metabolic activation to exert its antiplatelet action. Still, ticagrelor is extensively metabolized by hepatic CYP3A enzymes, and AR-C124910XX is its only active metabolite. A post hoc analysis of patient-level (n = 117) pharmacokinetic data pooled from two prospective studies was performed to identify clinical characteristics affecting the degree of AR-C124910XX formation during the first six hours after 180 mg ticagrelor loading dose in the setting of ACS. Both linear and multiple regression analyses indicated that ACS patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction or suffering from diabetes mellitus are more likely to have decreased rate of ticagrelor metabolism during the acute phase of ACS. Administration of morphine during ACS was found to negatively influence transformation of ticagrelor into AR-C124910XX when assessed with linear regression analysis, but not with multiple regression analysis. On the other hand, smoking appears to increase the degree of ticagrelor transformation in ACS patients. Mechanisms underlying our findings and their clinical significance warrant further research.
Bidirectional association between gastroesophageal reflux disease and depression: Two different nested case-control studies using a national sample cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Kim Hyung-Jong , Lim Hyun , Kong Il Gyu , Kim Miyoung , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and depression using a national sample cohort of the Korean population. Data were collected from individuals ≥20 years old in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort between 2002 and 2013. We designed two different nested case-control studies. In study I, 60,957 participants with depression were matched at a 1:4 ratio with 243,828 controls, and their previous histories of GERD were analyzed. In study II, 133,089 participants with GERD were matched at a 1:2 ratio with 266,178 controls, and their previous histories of depression were analyzed. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression analyses, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex. The adjusted OR for GERD was 2.01 (95% CI = 1.96–2.07) in the patients with depression (study I). The adjusted OR for depression was 1.48 (95% CI = 1.43–1.52) in the patients with GERD (study II). The results of the subgroup analyses were consistent. GERD and depression displayed bidirectional associations.
Characterization of LE3 and LE4, the only lytic phages known to infect the spirochete Leptospira
Authors: Schiettekatte Olivier , Vincent Antony T. , Malosse Christian , Lechat Pierre , Chamot-Rooke Julia , Veyrier Frédéric J. , Picardeau Mathieu , Bourhy Pascale 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLeptospira is a phylogenetically unique group of bacteria, and includes the causative agents of leptospirosis, the most globally prevalent zoonosis. Bacteriophages in Leptospira are largely unexplored. To date, a genomic sequence is available for only one temperate leptophage called LE1. Here, we sequenced and analysed the first genomes of the lytic phages LE3 and LE4 that can infect the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa using the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen as receptor. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the 48-kb LE3 and LE4 genomes are similar and contain 62% genes whose function cannot be predicted. Mass spectrometry led to the identification of 21 and 23 phage proteins in LE3 and LE4, respectively. However we did not identify significant similarities with other phage genomes. A search for prophages close to LE4 in the Leptospira genomes allowed for the identification of a related plasmid in L. interrogans and a prophage-like region in the draft genome of a clinical isolate of L. mayottensis. Long-read whole genome sequencing of the L. mayottensis revealed that the genome contained a LE4 phage-like circular plasmid. Further isolation and genomic comparison of leptophages should reveal their role in the genetic evolution of Leptospira.
Soil Properties Drive Microbial Community Structure in a Large Scale Transect in South Eastern Australia
Authors: Xue Pei-Pei , Carrillo Yolima , Pino Vanessa , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex. B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSoil microbial communities directly affect soil functionality through their roles in the cycling of soil nutrients and carbon storage. Microbial communities vary substantially in space and time, between soil types and under different land management. The mechanisms that control the spatial distributions of soil microbes are largely unknown as we have not been able to adequately upscale a detailed analysis of the microbiome in a few grams of soil to that of a catchment, region or continent. Here we reveal that soil microbes along a 1000 km transect have unique spatial structures that are governed mainly by soil properties. The soil microbial community assessed using Phospholipid Fatty Acids showed a strong gradient along the latitude gradient across New South Wales, Australia. We found that soil properties contributed the most to the microbial distribution, while other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, elevation) showed lesser impact. Agricultural activities reduced the variation of the microbial communities, however, its influence was local and much less than the overall influence of soil properties. The ability to predict the soil and environmental factors that control microbial distribution will allow us to predict how future soil and environmental change will affect the spatial distribution of microbes.