bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Loss Eventuality Assessment and Technical Estimates: An Integrated Approach for Management of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authors: Gatto Vittorio , Scopetti Matteo , La Russa Raffaele , Santurro Alessandro , Cipolloni Luigi , Viola Rocco V. , Di Sanzo Mariantonia , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) represent a crucial issue in health and
patient safety management due to the persistent nature, economic impact and possible preventability of
the phenomenon. Compensation claims for damages resulting from HAI could provide insights that can
improve the understanding of suboptimal steps in the therapeutic process, enable an estimate of costs related
to infectious complications, and guide the development of planning tools for implementation of the
quality of care.

Objective:
This paper analyzes all the HAI claims received at the Umberto I General Hospital of Rome
across a five-year period with the aim of outlining a methodological approach to the litigation management
and of characterizing the economic impact of infections on health facilities resources.

Methods:
All claims received during the study period have been classified according to the International
Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) system. Subsequently, claims related to Healthcare Associated
Infections were evaluated through an innovative tool for determination of the risk of loss, the Advanced
Loss Eventuality Assessment (ALEA) score.

Results:
The results obtained demonstrate the relevance of a correct management of HAI claims in the administration
of a health care system. Specifically, the cases examined during the study highlighted the significant
impact of infectious diseases of a nosocomial nature in terms of frequency and economic exposure.

Conclusion:
The proposed methodological approach allows a productive analysis of the internal processes,
providing fundamental data for the refinement of the preventive strategies and for the rationalization
of the resources through the expenditure forecasts.

Article Highlights Box:
Healthcare-Associated Infections represent an essential element to consider in
the management of health facilities.
• Many studies highlight the economic burden of Healthcare-Associated Infections in health policies.
• Litigation management represents a useful resource in the prevention of Healthcare Associated Infections.
• Appropriate clinical risk management policies in the field of Healthcare-Associated Infections allow
the implementation of preventive measures, the reduction of the incidence of the phenomenon and the
quality of care.
• The costs of Healthcare-Associated Infections can be limited through a systematic methodological approach
based on Advanced Loss Eventuality Assessment and technical estimate of the value of each case.
• The application of a standardized system would be desirable in any health facility despite the potential
methodological, technical, behavioral and financial issues.
Evaluation of Changes in the Expression Pattern of EDIL3 in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Oplawski Marcin , Dziobek Konrad , Zmarzły Nikola , Grabarek Beniamin , Tomala Barbara , Leśniak Ewa , Adwent Iwona , Januszyk Piotr , Dąbruś Dariusz , Boroń Dariusz 
Published: April 2019

Background:EDIL3 is an extracellular matrix protein that plays a key role in angiogenesis. Changes in the pattern of its expression also affect cellular processes and the tumor microenvironment. Elevated level of EDIL3 is considered an unfavorable prognostic marker of survival.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in EDIL3 expression in endometrial cancer at various degrees of its differentiation (G1-G3) and to discuss its potential role as a molecular diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.Methods:The study group consisted of 45 patients with endometrial cancer: G1, 17; G2, 15; G3, 13. The control group (C) included 15 patients without neoplastic changes. The expression of EDIL3 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 12 PL software (p<0.05).Results:Analysis of EDIL3 expression showed that the average optical density of the reaction product in G1 reached 130% of the control, while the values in G2 and G3 were 153% and 158%, respectively. Regardless of the endometrial cancer grade, an increase in EDIL3 level was observed compared to the control.Conclusion:In our study, we demonstrated overexpression of EDIL3 protein in endometrial cancer. Differences in expression between degrees of tumor differentiation suggest the potential of using changes in EDIL3 level as a new complementary diagnostic marker and target for anti-angiogenic therapy.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Site Specific Short Chain Cationic Peptide
Authors: Sharma Ravi D. , Jain Jainendra , Khosa Ratan L. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In spite of current progress in treatment methods, cancer is a major source of
morbidity and death rate all over the world. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents aim to divide cancerous
cells, are often associated with deleterious side effects to healthy cells and tissues. Host defense peptides
Cecropin A and B obtained from insects are capable to lyses various types of human cancer cells at peptide
concentrations which are not fatal to normal eukaryotic cells.

Methods:
In the present work we have designed short chain α-helical linear and cyclic peptide from cecropin
A having same cationic charge, hydrophobicity and helicity. Synthesis of designed novel short chain
linear (10) and cyclic compound (12) was accomplished by using solution phase method. All the coupling
reactions were carried out by using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the coupling reagent at room temperature
in the presence of N-methylmorpholine (NMM) as the base. The Structure of newly synthesized
peptidse were elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, FABMS and elemental analysis data.Cytotoxicity
of synthesized compound was tested against Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA), Ehrlich’s Ascites
Carcinoma (EAC) and MCF-7 cell lines by using MTT assay and 5-FU as reference compound.

Results:
From biological assessment,it was found that short chain cyclicpeptide12 showed high level of
cytotoxic activity against DLA and EAC cell lines.

Conclusion:
By utilizing a structure-based rational approach to anticancer peptide design from cecropin
A, we were able to develop short chain linear and cyclic peptides having same charge, hydrophobicity
and with improved activity. Systematically removing amino acids, we were able to retaining peptide
charge and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity in linear and cyclic peptide which results to optimize the anticancer
activity against DLA and EAC cell lines.
Microbiological Diagnosis of Skeletal System Infections in Children
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo 
Published: April 2019

Background:If not timely diagnosed and adequately treated, skeletal system infections in children may result in severe and permanent disability. Prompt identification of the etiology of the disease and determination of its antibiotic susceptibility are crucial for the successful management of septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and spondylodiscitis. However, the bacteriological diagnosis of these infections has been traditionally limited by the low yield of conventional cultures and, on average, one-third of cases of pediatric joint and bone infections remained unconfirmed.Objective:To review the medical literature to summarize the current approach diagnosing the pediatric skeletal system infections.Methods:The relevant publications for the last three decades were reviewed.R:In recent years, the detection of skeletal system pathogens has been revolutionized by the use of improved laboratory methods, including seeding of synovial fluid and bone exudates into blood culture vials, and the development and implementation of sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays. These advances have resulted in the recognition of Kingella kingae as the predominant etiology of hematogenous infections of bones, joints, intervertebral discs and tendon sheaths in children aged 6-48 months, and reduced the fraction of culture-negative osteoarthritis.:As the exudate and tissue samples obtained from young children with skeletal system infections are frequently insufficient for a comprehensive laboratory workup, physicians should take in consideration the patient’s age, predisposing medical conditions and possible exposure to zoonotic organisms, and use a judicious combination of Gram’s stain, culture on blood culture vials, and molecular tests to maximize the microbiological diagnosis of these diseases.
Garlic and its Active Compounds: A Potential Candidate in The Prevention of Cancer by Modulating Various Cell Signalling Pathways
Authors: Almatroodi Saleh A. , Alsahli Mohammed A. , Almatroudi Ahmad , Rahmani Arshad H. 
Published: April 2019

Background:Cancer is a multi-factorial disease including alterations in the cell signalling pathways. Currently, several drugs are in use to treat cancer but such drugs show negative side effects on normal cells and cause severe toxicity.Methods:The current research is mainly focused on medicinal plants with potential therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of cancer without any adverse effects on normal cells. In this regard, garlic and its active compounds including diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, ajoene, and allicin have been established to suppress the growth of cancer and killing of cancer cells.Result:The review focuses on garlic and its active compounds chemopreventive effect through modulating various cell signalling pathways. Additionally, garlic and its active compound were established to induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and G2/M phases in cancer cells, increase the expression of tumor suppressor genes, inhibit the angiogenesis process, induction of apoptosis and modulation of various other genetic pathways.Conclusion:This review sketches the diverse chemopreventive activities of garlic and their active ingredients in the management of cancer mainly focusing on cell signalling pathways.
Automated Irrigation System Based on LoRa and ML for Marginal Farmers
Authors: Loganathan Selvam , Perumal Kavitha 
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective::
India is one of the foremost agricultural producers in the world;
on the other hand, the consumption of water for agricultural purposes in India has been among the
highest in the world. Indiscriminate use of inadequate irrigation techniques has led to a critical water
deficit in the country. Now with the development of (IoT) Precision Farming and Precision Irrigation
are becoming very popular. This paper proposes a cost-effective Automated Irrigation System based
on LoRa and Machine Learning, which can be of great help to marginal farmers, for whom agriculture
is hardly a profitable venture, mainly due to water scarcity.

Methods:
In this automated system, LoRa technology is used in Sensor and Irrigation node, in which sensors
collect data on soil moisture and temperature and send it to the server through a LoRa gateway. Then
the data is fed into a Machine Learning algorithm, which leads to correct prediction of the soil status.

Results:
Hence, the field needs to be irrigated only if and when it is needed.

Conclusion:
The system can be remotely monitored using a web application that can be accessed by
a mobile phone.
Assessment of Temporary Medical Clinics During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lami Faris , Ali Ali Abdalkader , Fathullah Kareem , Abdullatif Hana 
Published: April 2019

Background
During mass gatherings, public health services and other medical services should be planned to protect attendees and people living around the venue to minimize the risk of disease transmission. These services are essential components of adequate planning for mass gatherings. The Arbaeenia mass gathering signifies the remembrance of the death of Imam Hussain, celebrated by Shiite Muslims, and takes place in Karbala, which is a city in southern Iraq. This annual mass gathering is attended by millions of people from within and outside Iraq.

Objective
This study aimed to map the availability of medical supplies, equipment, and instruments and the health workforce at the temporary clinics located in Al-Karkh, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2014.

Methods
This assessment was conducted on the temporary clinics that served the masses walking from Baghdad to Karbala. These clinics were set up by governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and some faith-based civil society organizations, locally known as mawakib. We developed a checklist to collect information on clinic location, affiliation, availability of safe water and electricity, health personnel, availability of basic medical equipment and instruments, drugs and other supplies, and average daily number of patients seen by the clinic.

Results
A total of 30 temporary clinics were assessed: 18 clinics were set up by the Ministry of Health of Iraq and 12 by other governmental organizations and NGOs. The clinics were staffed by a total of 44 health care workers. The health workers served 16,205 persons per day, an average of 540 persons per clinic, and 368 persons per health care worker per day. The majority of clinics (63% [19/30]-100% [30/30]) had basic medical diagnostic equipment. Almost all clinics had symptom relief medications (87% [26/30]-100% [30/30]). Drugs for diabetes and hypertension were available in almost half of the clinics. The majority of clinics had personal hygiene supplies and environmental sanitation detergents (78%-90%), and approximately half of the clinics had medical waste disposal supplies. Instruments for cleansing and dressing wounds and injuries were available in almost all clinics (97%), but only 4 clinics had surgical sterilization instruments.

Conclusions
Although temporary clinics were relatively equipped with basic medical supplies, equipment, and instruments for personal medical services, the health workforce was insufficient, given the number of individuals seeking care, and only limited public health service, personal infection control, and supplies were available at the clinics.
FATORES IMPACTANTES NO DESEMPENHO ORGANIZACIONAL: PROPOSIÇÃO DE UM MODELO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Dias Deise Taiana de Ávila , De Toni Deonir 
Published: April 2019

A busca por um melhor desempenho organizacional é uma prática que intriga muitos pesquisadores e gestores das organizações. As questões centrais que norteiam esta pesquisa são: Por que algumas organizações possuem um melhor desempenho que outras? E quais são os construtos e dimensões que estão relacionados ao desempenho organizacional? Assim, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em identificar as dimensões e os construtos que podem explicar melhor o desempenho organizacional. A base teórica desta pesquisa foi composta pela Teoria Baseada em Recursos e pela Teoria das Capacidades Dinâmicas. O construto desempenho organizacional é composto pelas dimensões: financeira, desempenho de mercado e retorno aos acionistas. O construto gestão dos recursos é composto pelas dimensões: recursos operados e recursos operantes. O construto orientação empreendedora é composto pelas dimensões: inovatividade, assunção de riscos, proatividade, autonomia, agressividade competitiva e rede de relações. O construto capacidades dinâmicas é composto pelas dimensões: capacidade gerencial, capacidade mercadológica e capacidade ambidestra. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo destaca-se primeiro, a evolução da compreensão das dimensões que influenciam no desempenho organizacional, segundo, pretende-se agregar mais direcionadores que impactam no desempenho organizacional, com o intuito de incentivar as práticas de gestão dos recursos e capacidades nas organizações.
DISCORDANT RESPONSE OF CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTES TO ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: Shmagel K. V. 
Published: April 2019

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected patients generally results in the suppression of viral replication and reconstitution of CD4+ T lymphocytes cell counts. In some patients (about 20%), however, a disturbance in regeneration of immune competent cells with a background of low viral load occurs. The term «immunological nonresponders» has been used to describe this phenomenon. Discordant immune response to antiviral therapy may be caused by increasing of depletion and reducing of production of CD4+ T cells. However, mechanisms for low immune reconstitution are not currently well understood. «Immunological nonresponders» exhibit booster lymphocyte proliferation, increased immune activation and reducing of CD4+ T lymphocytes survival time in comparison with patients with concordant response to the therapy. Their immune system is characterized by more pronounced aging and exhaustion. This leads to early and frequent manifestation of AIDSrelated diseases. Besides, immunological nonresponders have an increased risk of non-AIDS-related diseases due to pronounced systemic inflammation. The objective of the present review was to highlight the important problem that is rather common on аntiretroviral therapy and to enlist the specialists to the solving of this issue.
JUSTIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR PLANNED PARENTHOOD IN HIVSERODISCORDANT COUPLES
Authors: Gordon E. O. , Posokhova L. A. , Podymova A. S. , Yastrebova E. B. 
Published: April 2019

Work objective: justification and development of algorithm for observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples at the stage of planning parenthood, including using Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in Sverdlovsk region territory. Materials and methods. Statistical data were obtained from the materials of personal registration of people living with AIDS in State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Sverdlovsk region «Sverdlovsk Regional Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS». 27 thousands of women of reproductive age and 31 thousands of men diagnosed with HIV infection were revealed in the region as of the end of 2018. On the basis of infectious disease department of State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Sverdlovsk region «Sverdlovsk Regional Center on Prevention and Control of AIDS» a retrospective chart review for HIV-serodiscordant couples planning parenthood was held with using ART or the natural way. Statistical processing of data was carried out using Statistica 6 software. Results and discussion. The results of the survey showed the necessity of observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples from the stage of planning parenthood. Characteristics of partners were described with account for age, epidemiological anamnesis, laboratory parameters and final outcomes of conception with using ART or the natural way. Conclusion. Necessity of development of algorithms for observation of HIV-serodiscordant couples at the stage of planning parenthood was shown as these algorithms allow to determine case follow-up approach with the involvement of infectious disease physician and obstetrician-gynaecologist.
THE PREVALENCE OF OCCULT HEPATITIS B AMONG HBSAG-NEGATIVE PERSONS WITH HIV IN VELIKY NOVGOROD
Authors: Ostankova Yu. O. , Semenov A. V. , Zueva E. B. , Totolian A. A. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: to estimate the prevalence of the occult hepatitis B virus among HIV-infected patients with the virological ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in Veliky Novgorod. Materials and methods. Blood plasma samples from 76 HBsAg-negative HIVinfected patients with virological inefficiency of antiretroviral therapy from Veliky Novgorod were used in the work. For the detection of the hepatitis B virus, nucleic acids were isolated using the commercial kit AmplePrime Ribo-prep. For amplification and sequencing, overlapping pairs of specific primers were used, jointly flanking a 1475 base pair fragment including the 1169 base pair Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S region recommended for genotyping the hepatitis B virus. Results. Among 76 samples of hepatitis B virus DNA, 44 samples were found, which was 57,89%. None of the patients had HBsAg, and 6 patients (13,63%) had HBcor IgG and HBe IgG antibodies. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, it was shown that only genotype D, which is the most common genotype of the hepatitis B virus in the Russian Federation, was detected in the examined group. The subgenotype D2 (47,72%) prevailed in comparison with the subgenotype D1 (34,09%) and the subgenotype D3 (18,18%). The distribution possible ways of the subgenotype D1 hepatitis B virus, which is uncharacteristic for the region, are discussed. Only one isolate of hepatitis B virus with mutations of drug resistance to nucleotide / nucleoside analogue therapy has been identified — amino acid substitution in the polymerase gene of the virus (L180M, M204V) associated with the development of resistance to lamivudine, entecavir, telbivudine and tenofovir. Conclusion. The high prevalence of occult hepatitis B among HIVinfected patients indicates a lack current tests for the diagnosis of chronic HBV infections. The identification of occult hepatitis B in HIV-infected individuals seems appropriate for timely treatment of patients and requires the use more sensitive methods.
Peran Auditor Internal dalam Meningkatkan Value Perusahaan dan Tantangannya Di Masa Depan: Suatu Tinjauan Teoritis
Authors: Laela Sugiyarti Fatma 
Published: April 2019

Lingkungan bisnis yang semakin dinamis yang berdampak pada perubahan operasional bisnis juga direspon oleh audit internal. Audit internal yang pada awalnya difokuskan sebagai penilai independen, kemudian semakin luas fungsi dan perannya untuk memastikan efektifitas internal control dan selanjutnya aktif terlibat dalam proses risk management yang merupakan bagian dari corporate governance. Dengan metode kajian literatur, tulisan ini akan membahas peran penting auditor internal dalam meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. Selain keterlibatannya dalam pengembangan sistem pengendalian internal, hasil pekerjaan auditor internal sangat menentukan reliance ekternal audit dan komite audit dalam mengevaluasi dan memeriksa kinerja manajemen. Pekerjaan audit internal menjadi semakin komplek dan rumit yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas pekerjaannya. Seiring dengan semakin diversified-nya organisasi dan kemajuan teknologi auditor internal dituntut untuk menguasai pengetahuan yang beragam dan mendalam baik dari sisi general technical knowledge maupun specific technical knoweldge sesuai dengan industrinya. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini juga akan membahas indikator kualitas auditor, tantangan yang dihadapi serta solusinya. Salah satu upaya peningkatan kualitas kerja auditor internal adalah melalui outsourcing fungsi auditÂ internal.