bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid single‐breath hyperpolarized noble gas MRI‐based biomarkers of airspace enlargement
Authors: Westcott Andrew , Guo Fumin , Parraga Grace , Ouriadov Alexei 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundMulti‐b diffusion‐weighted hyperpolarized‐gas MRI measures pulmonary airspace‐enlargement using apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and mean‐linear‐intercepts (Lm).PurposeTo develop single‐breath 3D multi‐b diffusion‐weighted 3He and 129Xe MRI using k‐space undersampling. Rapid, cost‐efficient, single‐breath acquisitions may facilitate clinical translation.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsWe evaluated 12 participants, including nine subjects (mean age = 69 ± 9) who were included in the retrospective experiment and three chronic pulmonary obstruction disease (COPD) patients (mean age = 81 ± 6) who participated in the prospective study.Field StrengthA whole‐body 3 T 2D/3D fast gradient recall echo (FGRE) sequence.AssessmentHyperpolarized 3He/129Xe MRI, spirometry, plethysmography computed tomography (CT). We evaluated 129Xe ADC/morphometry estimates by retrospectively undersampling previously acquired fully sampled multibreath, multi‐b diffusion‐weighted data. Next, we prospectively evaluated the feasibility of accelerated (AF = 7) 3He MRI static‐ventilation/T2* (extra short‐TE, b = 0 image) and ADC/morphometry (five b‐values) maps using a single gas‐dose and 16‐second breath‐hold. To conservatively evaluate cost‐improvement, we compared total costs of single vs. multiple 129Xe doses.Statistical TestsMultivariate analysis of variance, independent t‐tests and voxel‐by‐voxel basis difference test.ResultsFor the retrospectively undersampled 129Xe data, a nonsignificant mean difference for ADC/Lm of 14%/12%, 12%/8%, and 11%/9% was observed (all, P > 0.4) between the fully sampled and accelerated data for the never‐smoker, COPD, and alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) groups, respectively. The control never‐smoker group had significantly lower ADC (P < 0.001) and Lm (P < 0.001) than the COPD/AATD group for both fully sampled and accelerated data. For the prospectively acquired 3He MRI data, static‐ventilation, T2*, ADC, and morphometry maps were acquired using a single 16‐second breath‐hold scan and single gas dose. Accelerated imaging resulted in cost savings of ~$US 1000/patient, a conservative estimate based on 129Xe MRI dose savings (single vs. five doses).Data ConclusionThis is a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of accelerated (7×) morphometry that shows that less cost‐ and time‐efficient multibreath methods that lead to variability and patient fatigue may be avoided in the future.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
MRI prognosticators for adverse maternal and neonatal clinical outcome in patients at high risk for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders
Authors: Bourgioti Charis , Zafeiropoulou Konstantina , Fotopoulos Stavros , Nikolaidou Maria Evangelia , Theodora Marianna , Daskalakis George , Tzavara Chara , Chatoupis Konstantinos , Panourgias Evangelia , Antoniou Aristeidis , Konstantinidou Anastasia , Moulopoulos Lia Angela 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundPlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders may be associated with significant mortality and morbidity for both mother and fetus.Purpose/HypothesisTo identify MRI risk factors for poor peripartum outcome in gravid patients at risk for PAS.Study TypeProspective.PopulationOne hundred gravid women (mean age: 34.9 years) at third trimester, with placenta previa.Field Strength/SequenceT2‐SSTSE (single‐shot turbo spin echo), T2‐TSE, T1‐TSEFS (TSE images with fat‐suppression) at 1.5T.AssessmentFifteen MRI features considered indicative of PAS were recorded by three radiologists and were tested for any association with the following adverse peripartum maternal and neonatal events: increased operation time, profound blood loss, hysterectomy, bladder repair, ICU admission, prematurity, low birthweight, and 5‐minute APGAR score <7.Statistical TestsKappa (K) coefficients were computed as a measure of agreement between intraoperative information/histology and MRI results as well as for interobserver agreement; chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests were used to explore the association of the MRI signs with clinical complications. A score was calculated by adding all recorded MRI signs and its predictive ability was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, against all complications, separately; odds ratios (ORs) for optimal cutoffs were determined with logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere was excellent agreement (K >0.75, P < 0.001) between MRI and intraoperative findings for invasive placenta, bladder and parametrial involvement. Intraplacental T2 dark bands, myometrial disruption, uterine bulge, and hypervascularity at the utero‐placental interface or parametrium, showed significant association (P < 0.005) with poor clinical outcome for both mother and fetus. The MRI score showed significant predictive ability for each adverse maternal event (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.85–0.97, P < 0.001). The presence of ≥3 MRI signs was the cutoff point for a complicated delivery (OR: 19.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.05–60.13) and ≥6 MRI signs was the cutoff point for massive bleeding (OR: 90.93, 95% CI: 11.3–729.23), hysterectomy (OR: 72.5, 95% CI: 17.9–293.7), or extensive bladder repair (OR: 58.74, 95% CI: 7.35–469.32). The MRI score was not significant for predicting adverse neonatal events including preterm delivery (P = 0.558), low birthweight (P = 0.097), and 5‐minute Apgar score (P = 0.078).Data ConclusionPreoperative identification of specific MRI features may predict peripartum course in high‐risk patients for PAS.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:602–618.
Ultralong TE In Vivo 1H MR Spectroscopy of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue at 7 T
Authors: Gajdošík Martin , Hingerl Lukas , Škoch Antonín , Freudenthaler Angelika , Krumpolec Patrik , Ukropec Jozef , Ukropcová Barbara , Šedivý Petr , Hájek Milan , Itariu Bianca K. , Maier Bernhard , Baumgartner‐Parzer Sabina , Krebs Michael , Trattnig Siegfried , Krššák Martin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundOmega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids (FA) play and important role in neural development and other metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The knowledge about the in vivo content and distribution of n‐3 FA in human body tissues is not well established and the standard quantification of FA is invasive and costly.PurposeTo detect omega‐3 (n‐3 CH3) and non‐omega‐3 (CH3) methyl group resonance lines with echo times up to 1200 msec, in oils, for the assessment of n‐3 FA content, and the n‐3 FA fraction in adipose tissue in vivo.Study TypeProspective technical development.PopulationThree oils with different n‐3 FA content and 24 healthy subjects.Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐voxel MR spectroscopy (SVS) with a point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with an echo time (TE) of 1000 msec at 7 T.AssessmentKnowledge about the J‐coupling evolution of both CH3 resonances was used for the optimal detection of the n‐3 CH3 resonance line at a TE of 1000 msec. The accuracy of the method in oils and in vivo was validated from a biopsy sample with gas chromatography analysis.Statistical TestsSVS data were compared to gas chromatography with the Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsT2 relaxation times in oils were assessed as follows: CH2, 65 ± 22 msec; CH3, 325 ± 7 msec; and n‐3 CH3, 628 ± 34 msec. The n‐3 FA fractions from oil phantom experiments (n = 3) were in agreement with chromatography analysis and the comparison of in vivo obtained data with the results of chromatography analysis (n = 5) yielded a significant correlation (P = 0.029).Data ConclusionPRESS with ultralong‐TE can detect and quantify the n‐3 CH3 signal in vivo at 7 T.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:71–82.
Influence of HLA‐B18 on liver fibrosis progression in a cohort of HIV/HCV coinfected individuals
Authors: Bavaro Davide Fiore , Saracino Annalisa , Fiordelisi Deborah , Bruno Giuseppe , Ladisa Nicoletta , Monno Laura , Angarano Gioacchino 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLiver fibrosis is accelerated in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfected compared with HCV monoinfected patients, due to multiple cofactors. Recently, HLA‐B18 haplotype has been associated with short‐term liver disease progression in this population. Our aim was to assess the influence of HLA‐B18 on the fibrosis process in HIV/HCV coinfected individuals, untreated for HCV, during a long‐term follow‐up. All consecutive HIV/HCV co‐infectedcoinfected patients followed in our center, with positive HCV‐RNA and available human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes (determined by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain reaction and simple sequence repeats polymerase chain reaction using Luminex Technology) were included. Liver fibrosis progression was assessed by means of fibrosis‐4 index for liver fibrosis (FIB‐4) and AST to platelet ratio index. The association between FIB‐4 score over time and laboratory and clinical parameters, including HLA, was evaluated by univariate and multivariate multilevel generalized linear models. A total of 29 out of 148 screened patients were excluded because of spontaneous HCV clearance (27% were HLA‐B18+). Among the remaining 119 individuals (82% males; median age at first visit = 30 years [interquartile range, IQR, 26‐35]; median follow‐up = 21.5 years [IQR, 15‐25]), 26% were HLA‐B18+. No baseline differences were evidenced between HLA‐B18+ and B18− patients. Fibrosis progression was significantly faster in HLA‐B18+ than in HLA‐B18− patients (
P < 0.001) (Figure 1). At univariate analysis, age (
P < 0.001), HLA‐B18 haplotype (
P = 0.02) and HIV‐RNA viral load overtime (
P < 0.001) were associated with liver disease progression. At multivariate analysis, only age (
P < 0.001) remained independently associated with liver fibrosis progression. Our data suggest a possible association between HLA‐B18 and an accelerated liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected with a long‐term follow‐up.
Cadmium concentrations in German soybeans are elevated in conurbations and in regions dominated by mining and the metal industry
Authors: Franzaring Jürgen , Fangmeier Andreas , Schlosser Sonja , Hahn Volker 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadmium (Cd) is a mobile heavy metal and soybeans accumulate more of this element compared to other grain crops. Because vegan and vegetarian lifestyles are increasingly popular, plant‐based diets should be free from contaminants. Cd minimization has recently been identified as a breeding aim in addition to protein and oil levels. It is also important to consider the regional variability of Cd in crops.RESULTSA large sample collection (n = 602) was subjected to Cd analyses. Soybeans were grown using a standard protocol by private gardeners in a citizen science program. Some 12.5% of samples exceeded European Union limits, although Cd concentrations and exceedances showed regional variation around the national mean (0.13 mg kg−1). Contamination was higher in densely populated regions, possibly as a result of the long‐term emissions of heavy metal loaded dusts from industry, traffic and energy production. Cd concentrations were also elevated in regions once characterized by mining and heavy industry. Values were low overall in rural areas and agricultural regions despite potential inputs via phosphate fertilizers.CONCLUSIONGrain Cd levels are highly variable across Germany. Soybean farming may be problematic in regions with a long history of mining and heavy metal deposition. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Twenty‐five years of total antioxidant capacity measurement of foods and biological fluids: merits and limitations
Authors: Pellegrini Nicoletta , Vitaglione Paola , Granato Daniel , Fogliano Vincenzo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis review summarises 25 years of investigations on antioxidants research in foods and biological fluids and critically analyses the merits and limitations of using the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurement in the metabolomic era. An enormous bulk of knowledge was produced regarding the antioxidant capacity of foods and large TAC databases were developed. A direct link between a food TAC value and any health benefit is erroneous and has led to several cases of consumer deception. However, the striking epidemiological evidence associating a high dietary TAC with some disease prevention and the availability of well‐constructed TAC databases deserve attention and must be taken into account to establish the usefulness of measuring TAC in both foods and biological samples. The in vivo TAC measurement, usually performed in plasma, is influenced by many external factors, such as dietary habits, as well as environmental and behavioural factors, which are integrated towards homeostatic control by fine physiological mechanisms with high inter‐individual variability. Therefore, plasma TAC cannot be considered as a unique biomarker of individual antioxidant status. However, the combined evaluation of plasma TAC with known markers of disease, individual metabolism, inflammation and genetics, as well as with markers of gut microbiota composition and activity, may lead to the identification of populations that are more responsive to food/diet TAC. In this framework, the appropriate use of TAC measurement both in food and in vivo can still provide support for the interpretation of complex phenomena and be a tool for sample screening when making a quick decision toward in‐depth research investigations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the Optic Nerve by Strain and Shear Wave Elastography in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Şahan Mehmet Hamdi , Doğan Adil , İnal Mikail , Alpua Murat , Asal Neşe 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the optic nerve's elastic properties using shear wave and strain elastography in patients with migraine compared to healthy individuals.MethodsThe migraine group consisted of 30 patients (16 with visual auras and 14 without auras) who had previously had a diagnosis of migraine. These were age and sex matched with healthy participants to form the control group. The findings from shear wave and strain elastography in the groups were compared. The elastographic examination was performed with a 6–15‐MHz multifrequency linear array transducer.ResultsThe evaluation involved 30 patients with migraine (3 male and 27 female), whose mean age ± SD was 34.63 ± 10 years, and 30 healthy participants (3 males, 27 females), whose mean age was 36.4 ± 10.5 years. In strain elasticity patterns, a statistically insignificant hardening of the optic nerve in the patients with migraine was observed (P = .052). Analysis of the shear wave elastic modulus values (9.8 ± 3.34 and 12.3 ± 5.25 kPa; P = .03) revealed that differences between the healthy participants and patients with migraine were statistically significant. The results for elasticity patterns and the shear modulus suggested that the differences between migraines with and without visual auras were insignificant (P > .05). A positive correlation was discovered between the duration of the disease and the shear modulus in the patients with migraine (r = 0.496; P < .01).ConclusionsHistopathologic changes in the optic nerve may be seen in patients with migraine due to possible fibrotic changes. Elastographic techniques can be useful diagnostic tools for investigating these changes.
Photodegradation of Direct Blue‐199 in carpet industry wastewater using iron‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles and regenerated photocatalyst
Authors: Saroj Sudhakar , Singh Laxman , Singh Satya Vir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFe‐doped TiO2, Ti1–xFexO2 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10), photocatalysts have been successfully synthesized via citric acid–assisted autocombustion method. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using different characterization techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD diffraction patterns revealed that synthesized photocatalysts have the anatase phase of TiO2. The DRS analysis indicates a slight increment in absorbance in the visible light region by the Fe doping in TiO2. The FT‐IR spectra reveal the various stretching and bending vibrational bands of the Ti–O lattice. The XPS spectra confirm the presence of elements titanium, oxygen, and iron in the synthesized samples and determine binding energy of elements. TEM analysis shows the shape of the synthesized photocatalyst, and it was used to calculate the average particle sizes of undoped and Fe‐doped TiO2 (Ti0.96Fe0.04O2) photocatalysts using a histogram. The photocatalytic activities of synthesized photocatalysts were determined by photodegradation of dye (Direct Blue 199), contaminating carpet industry wastewater in the photochemical reactor and open pan reactor. The maximum photodegradation activity was shown by the Ti0.96Fe0.04O2 photocatalyst among all the synthesized undoped and Fe‐doped photocatalysts. The synthesized photocatalyst (Ti0.96Fe0.04O2) had better photocatalytic activity when compared to both, undoped TiO2 and Aeroxide (Degussa) P‐25. The used Fe‐doped TiO2 photocatalyst (Ti0.96Fe0.04O2) was regenerated five times and investigated for its photocatalytic activity.
Patient opinions regarding surgeon presence, trainee participation, and overlapping surgery
Authors: Arambula Alexandra , Bonnet Kemberlee , Schlundt David G. , Langerman Alexander 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo explore patient opinions and underlying values regarding overlapping surgery (OS) scenarios, specifically evaluating the effect of attending surgeon presence and availability, as well as trainee participation on patient comfort level and willingness to consent.Study DesignMixed methods.MethodsForty adults participated in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews included vignettes involving three scenarios of OS (1: attending present; 2: attending absent for wound closure; 3: attending absent and unavailable for wound closure, with covering attending), visual analog scale ratings of participants’ comfort with scenarios, and cognitive debriefing. Themes and subthemes were identified using hierarchical coding of transcripts, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted.ResultsQuantitative analysis revealed anticipated decreases in comfort with decreasing attending presence/availability (mean comfort level 94% vs. 78% vs. 63% for scenarios 1 vs. 2 vs. 3, P < 0.005), although many patients reported improved comfort with scenario 3 if meeting the covering attending. Participants demonstrated a preference for less trainee involvement (P < 0.005, scenario 1) and greater trainee experience (P < 0.05, all scenarios). However, not all individuals were uncomfortable with attending absence or trainee independence. Themes important for decision making included trust in the surgeon, surgeon experience, trainee involvement, disease severity, cost, and wait time.ConclusionPatients varied highly in their willingness to consent to OS scenarios. In settings of trainee independence and covering surgeons, many patients desired meeting these members of the treatment team, which improved comfort for some. For some patients, tradeoffs and incentives of timeliness, cost, and convenience modified their willingness to have OS.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1337–1346, 2019
Otologic considerations in a full face transplant recipient
Authors: Cammarata Michael J. , Jethanamest Daniel , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: December 2018

Facial transplantation provides a functional and aesthetic solution to severe facial disfigurement previously unresolved by conventional reconstruction. Few facial allografts have been ear containing; hence, there is limited knowledge of the postoperative otologic considerations. We describe the case of a 44‐year‐old man who underwent transplantation of the total face, eyelids, ears, scalp, and skeletal subunits in 2015 after an extensive thermal injury. We detail the patient's transition from osseointegrated prosthetic ears to an ear‐containing facial allograft, and describe the unique surgical approach and challenges encountered. Subsequent bilateral revision meatoplasties were performed, which provided relief from stenosis of the external auditory meatus.Laryngoscope, 129:2008–2011, 2019
Observations from a pediatric dysphagia clinic: Characteristics of children at risk of aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Pavithran Jayanthy , Puthiyottil Indu Vadakke , Narayan Mythili , Vidhyadharan Sivakumar , Menon Jayakumar R. , Iyer Subramania 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe clinical variables that are predictive of aspiration pneumonia are not clear in the pediatric population. This study was conducted in order to identify the demographic, clinical, and radiological risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia in children referred to the dysphagia clinic.MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical records of 88 children referred to the dysphagia clinic who had undergone videofluroscopic swallow study (VFSS).ResultsOropharyngeal dysphagia was found in 61.3% (54 of 88). Incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 39.8% (35 of 88).ConclusionRespiratory symptoms such as cough, choking, excessive secretions, and pharyngeal dysmotility other than aspiration in VFSS were not predictors of pneumonia. Infants and children with laryngotracheal anomalies, demonstrable aspiration in VFSS, and major cardiac illness are at risk of presenting with aspiration pneumonia. Whether gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or esophageal dysmotility are causative of aspiration in the rest of the population needs to be investigated by future prospective studies.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 129:2614–2618, 2019
Sulforaphane Improves Lipid Metabolism by Enhancing Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Lei Peng , Tian Sicong , Teng Chunying , Huang Lei , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Jiaojiao , Zhang Yao , Li Baolong , Shan Yujuan 
Published: December 2018

ScopeSulforaphane (SFN) is reported to reduce the accumulation of lipids. However, the underling mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the potential of SFN to improve lipid metabolism is investigated through altering mitochondrial function and biogenesis‐related mechanisms.Methods and ResultsThe abnormal lipid metabolism model was established both in HHL‐5 cells and in rats by feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. The current findings suggest that SFN alleviates the swelling of mitochondria and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. The reduced expression of NRF1 and TFAM, were reversed by SFN. SFN increases the levels of antioxidant compounds via nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor (Nrf2) activation. Furthermore, SFN improves multiple mitochondrial bioactivities, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP, and the electron transfer chain based on PGC‐1α pathway. SFN also activates lipolysis by transcriptionally upregulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL).ConclusionsSFN enhances utilization of lipids via both the PGC‐ 1α‐dependent promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and Nrf2 dependent improvement of mitochondrial function.