bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood risk assessment methodology for planning under climate change scenarios and the corresponding change in land cover
Authors: Hanif Asma , Dhanasekar Ashwin , Keene Anthony , Li Huishu , Carlson Kenneth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Projected climate change impacts on the hydrological regime and corresponding flood risks were examined for the years 2030 (near-term) and 2050 (long-term), under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 (moderate) and 8.5 (high) emission scenarios. The United States Army Corps of Engineers' (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System was used to simulate the complete hydrologic processes of the various dendritic watershed systems and USACEs' Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System hydraulic model was used for the two-dimensional unsteady flow flood calculations. Climate projections are based on recent global climate model simulations developed for the International Panel on Climate Change, Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5. Hydrographs for frequent (high-recurrence interval) storms were derived from 30-year historical daily precipitation data and decadal projections for both time frames and RCP scenarios. Since the climate projections for each scenario only represented ten years of data, 100-year or 500-year storms cannot be derived. Hence, this novel approach of identifying frequent storms is used as an indicator to compare across the various time frames and climate scenarios. Hydrographs were used to generate inundation maps and results are used to identify vulnerabilities and formulate adaptation strategies to flooding at 43 locations worldwide.
REFORMULAÇÕES DA TEORIA MARXISTA NO PÓS-MARXISMO DE LACLAU E MOUFFE
Authors: Rodrigues Ana 
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho visa investigar as continuidades e descontinuidades da tradição marxista no pós-marxismo de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, a partir da identificação de conceitos e formas discursivas oriundos do marxismo que são reelaborados pelos autores na transição para o enfoque pós-marxista. Para tanto, analisamos de que maneira as categorias de materialismo, antagonismo e hegemonia são reformuladas para compor o aparato conceitual do pós-marxismo. A análise permite perceber que a tentativa de radicalização do materialismo de Marx se desdobra em uma Teoria do Discurso, a afirmação do caráter constitutivo do antagonismo conduz à impossibilidade de toda objetividade e a nova abordagem da hegemonia conduz à reformulação da noção de socialismo do marxismo. A partir dessa análise, é possível discutir a pertinência de se interpelar os autores clássicos a partir de uma perspectiva desconstrucionista que conduz à desconstrução de seus elementos constitutivos.
Palavras-chave: Desconstrução. Tradição Marxista. Ernesto Laclau. Chantal Mouffe.
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 Protects Hippocampal Cells Against Mitochondria-mediated Apoptosis in a Model of Severe Oxygen-glucose Deprivation
Authors: Chang Panpan , Tian Yuzi , Williams Aaron M. , Bhatti Umar F. , Liu Baoling , Li Yongqing , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 inhibitors have demonstrated
significant protective effects in traumatic injuries. However, their roles in neuroprotection
and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the
neuroprotective effects of Tubastatin A (Tub-A), an HDAC6 inhibitor, during oxygenglucose
deprivation (OGD) in HT22 hippocampal cells.

Methods:
HT22 hippocampal cells were exposed to OGD. Cell viability and cytotoxicity
were assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release
assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP
nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Mitochondria membrane potential was detected using
JC-1 dye. Expressions of acetylated α-tubulin, α-tubulin, cytochrome c, VDAC, Bax, Bcl-
2, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated Akt, Akt, phosphorylated GSK3β and GSK3β
were analyzed by Western blot analysis.

Results:
Tub-A induced acetylation of α-tubulin, demonstrating appropriate efficacy.
Tub-A significantly increased cell viability and attenuated LDH release after exposure to
OGD. Furthermore, Tub-A treatment blunted the increase in TUNEL-positive cells
following OGD and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. Tub-A also
attenuated the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and
suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase 3. This was mediated, in part, by
the increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β signaling pathways.

Conclusion:
HDAC 6 inhibition, using Tub-A, protects against OGD-induced injury in
HT22 cells by modulating Akt/GSK3β signaling and inhibiting mitochondria-mediated
apoptosis.
In vitro Permeability and Bioavailability Enhancement of Curcumin by Nanoemulsion via Pulmonary Administration
Authors: Shi Liying , Qu Youyang , Li Zerong , Fan Bin , Xu Hongfei , Tang Jingling 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Curcumin has shown considerable pharmacological activity, including antiinflammatory
activity. Nevertheless, the pharmacological effect of curcumin may be limited because of
poor water solubility, metabolizing rapidly and systemic elimination.

Objective:
In the current research, a novel curcumin nanoemulsion (Cur-NE) was developed for improving
in vitro permeability and bioavailability via pulmonary administration.

Methods:
The Cur-NE was prepared by a modified emulsification-evaporation method and its surfac
morphology, particles size and distribution, and encapsulation efficiencies of drug in NE were characterized.
In vitro transmembrane transport experiment was performed to investigate the transport profile
of curcumin across Xenopus alveolar membrane. The pharmacokinetics of Cur-NE in rabbits was evaluated.

Results:
The average particles size, zeta potential, polydispersity index of Cur-NE were 234.8±1.08 nm,
-19.5±0.2 mV and 0.10, respectively. Xenopus alveolar membrane was used in the transmembrane
transport study, the cumulative amount of curcumin was 6.6% for curcumin suspensions, but nearly
50% for Cur-NE at the time of 8 h (P<0.05). The pharmacokinetic study in rabbits, the absolute
bioavailability of curcumin for Cur-NE was 24.11%.

Conclusion:
Thus, a novel Cur-NE for pulmonary drug delivery was developed for improving in vitro
permeability and bioavailability, which can be an alternate to the oral administration.
A Brief Synthesis of 2,2’-Arylmethylene Bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1- one) Catalyzed by TEAOH in Various Solvents
Authors: Gao Hui , Yang Xiaobi , Tang Xinyu , Yin Pengcheng , Mao Zewei 
Published: July 2019

Aims and Objectives:
2,2’-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) having
four carbonyl functionalities along with their tautomeric keto-enol forms, is an important biologically active
compound and important synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of xanthenes. This study was conducted in
order to develop a new and concise method of synthesis of 2,2’-arylmethylene bis (3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-
cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives.

Materials and Methods:
TEAOH (20 mol %) was fond to be as a simple and efficient catalyst for the
preparation of 2,2’-arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives by the
Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition tandem reactions.

Results:
A concise and practical method was developed for one-pot synthesis of 2,2’-arylmethylene bis(3-
hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives catalyzed by TEAOH at room temperature in various
solvents.

Conclusion:
This strategy provides several advantages over the traditional synthetic method, and is applicable
to a wide variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes at room temperature in various solvents.
Investigation of Binding Characteristics of Phosphoinositide-dependent Kinase-1 (PDK1) Co-crystallized Ligands Through Virtual Pharmacophore Modeling Leading to Novel Anti-PDK1 Hits
Authors: Mansi Iman A. , Al-Sha'er Mahmoud A. , Mhaidat Nizar M. , Taha Mutasem O. , Shahin Rand 
Published: July 2019

Background:
3-Phosphoinositide Dependent Protein Kinase-1 (PDK1) is being lately
considered as an attractive and forthcoming anticancer target. A Protein Data Bank (PDB) cocrystallized
crystal provides not only rigid theoretical data but also a realistic molecular recognition
data that can be explored and used to discover new hits.

Objective:
This incited us to investigate the co-crystallized ligands' contacts inside the PDK1 binding
pocket via a structure-based receptor-ligand pharmacophore generation technique in Discovery
Studio 4.5 (DS 4.5).

Methods:
Accordingly, 35 crystals for PDK1 were collected and studied. Every single receptorligand
interaction was validated and the significant ones were converted into their corresponding
pharmacophoric features. The generated pharmacophores were scored by the Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:
Consequently, 169 pharmacophores were generated and sorted, 11 pharmacophores acquired
good ROC-AUC results of 0.8 and a selectivity value above 8. Pharmacophore 1UU3_2_01
was used in particular as a searching filter to screen NCI database because of its acceptable validity
criteria and its distinctive positive ionizable feature. Several low micromolar PDK1 inhibitors
were revealed. The most potent hit illustrated anti-PDK1 IC50 values of 200 nM with 70% inhibition
against SW480 cell lines.

Conclusion:
Eventually, the active hits were docked inside the PDK1 binding pocket and the recognition
points between the active hits and the receptor were analyzed that led to the discovery of
new scaffolds as potential PDK1 inhibitors.
Prognostic Utility of Troponin I and N Terminal-ProBNP among Patients with Heart Failure due to Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Important Correlations
Authors: Mene-Afejuku Tuoyo O. , Dumancas Carissa , Akinlonu Adedoyin , Ola Olatunde , Cativo Eder H. , Veranyan Shushan , Lopez Persio D. , Kim Kwon S. , Pekler Gerald , Mushiyev Savi , Visco Ferdinand 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Heart Failure (HF) is accompanied by a high cost of care and gloomy prognosis
despite recent advances in its management. Therefore, efforts to minimize HF rehospitalizations
is a major focus of several studies.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 140 patients 18 years and above who had
baseline clinical parameters, echocardiography, NT-ProBNP, troponin I and other laboratory parameters
following a 3-year electronic medical record review. Patients with coronary artery disease, preserved
ejection fraction, pulmonary embolism, cancer, and end-stage renal disease were excluded.

Results:
Of the 140 patients admitted with HF with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) secondary to
non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, 15 were re-hospitalized within 30 days of discharge while 42 were rehospitalized
within 6 months after discharge for decompensated HF. Receiver operating characteristic
(ROC) cutoff points were obtained for NT-ProBNP at 5178 pg/ml and serum troponin I at 0.045
ng/ml. After Cox regression analysis, patients with HFrEF who had higher hemoglobin levels had reduced
odds of re-hospitalization (p = 0.007) within 30 days after discharge. NT-ProBNP and troponin
I were independent predictors of re-hospitalization at 6 months after discharge (p = 0.047 and
p = 0.02), respectively, after Cox regression analysis.

Conclusion:
Troponin I and NT-ProBNP at admission are the best predictors of re-hospitalization 6
months after discharge among patients with HFrEF. Hemoglobin is the only predictor of 30 -day rehospitalization
among HFrEF patients in this study. High-risk patients may require aggressive therapy
to improve outcomes.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP1B): A promising Drug Target Against Life-threatening Ailments
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Rana Divya , Rana Rajat , Bhatia Rohit 
Published: July 2019

Background:Protein tyrosine phosphatases are enzymes which help in the signal transduction in diabetes, obesity, cancer, liver diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. PTP1B is the main member of this enzyme from the protein extract of human placenta. In phosphate inhibitors development, significant progress has been made over the last 10 years. In early-stage clinical trials, few compounds have reached whereas in the later stage trials or registration, yet none have progressed. Many researchers investigate different ways to improve the pharmacological properties of PTP1B inhibitors.Objective:In the present review, authors have summarized various aspects related to the involvement of PTP1B in various types of signal transduction mechanisms and its prominent role in various diseases like cancer, liver diseases and diabetes mellitus.Conclusion:There are still certain challenges for the selection of PTP1B as a drug target. Therefore, continuous future efforts are required to explore this target for the development of PTP inhibitors to treat the prevailing diseases associated with it.
The Screening of Renoprotective Agents by 99mTc-DMSA: A Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Rezaei Masoud , Papie Maryam , Cheki Mohsen , Mansi Luigi , Kitson Sean , Ahmadi Amirhossein 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Nephrotoxicity is a prevalent consequence of cancer treatment using radiotherapy
and chemotherapy or their combination. There are two methods; histological and biochemical, to
assess the kidney damage caused by toxic agents in animal studies. Although these methods are used
for the try-out of renoprotective factors, these methods are invasive and time-consuming, and also, lack
the necessary sensitivity for primary diagnosis. Quantitative renal 99mTc-DMSA scintigraphy is a noninvasive,
precise and sensitive radionuclide technique which is used to assess the extent of kidney damage,
so that the extent of injury to the kidney will be indicated by the renal uptake rate of 99mTc-DMSA
in the kidney. In addition, this scintigraphy evaluates the effect of the toxic agents by quantifying the
alterations in the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical.

Conclusion:
In this review, the recent findings about the renoprotective agents were evaluated and
screened with respect to the use of 99mTc-DMSA , which is preclinically and clinically used for animal
cases and cancer patients under the treatment by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Silymarin Spray-Dried Proliposomes: Preparation, Characterization and Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Gardouh Ahmed , Shaker Sherif , Ali Zainab Z. , Ghorab Mamdouh 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Most liposomes problems are due to stability and consistency. Proliposomes is
one of the solutions to overcome the disadvantage of liposomes. They are available in dry powder form,
it is easy to distribute, transfer, measure and store.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to find a novel method of preparing Silymarin proliposomes
and study the effect of cholesterol concentrations and surfactant types on the physicochemical
properties of silymarin proliposomes and its in-vitro release.

Methods:
Silymarin proliposomes were prepared by combining two simple methods ethanol injection
method for liposomes preparation followed by the spray drying method to get a dry powder. The physicochemical
properties including particle size, TEM, SEM, FTIR, encapsulation efficiency and dissolution
studies were studied.

Results:
The particle size of silymarin liposomes were below 552.36 ± 17.63 nm but after reconstitution
of silymarin proliposomes, the particle size was in the micro range due to the influence of the spray drying
process. Cholesterol concentration was ranged from 50 to 150 mg per formula. Increasing Cholesterol
concentration caused a significant increase in liposomes particle size and reduction in encapsulation
efficiency. Three non-ionic surfactants were used to prepare silymarin proliposomes Tween 80,
Cremophor RH 40 and Poloxamer 407. Formula F1 prepared with Phosal® 53 MCT (300 mg), Tween
80 (50 mg), cholesterol (50 mg) and Silymarin (140 mg) showed the smallest particle size (2066 ±
164.87 nm) upon reconstitution in water, highest encapsulation efficiency (89.51 ± 0.43%), and fastest
in vitro release compared to other formulas. Cytotoxicity of Silymarin, formula F1 and formula
F1/blank was assessed using an MTT assay on MCF-7, HepG2 and HBF-4 cells. The cytotoxic effect of
silymarin was enhanced by loading it on proliposomes.

Conclusion:
Silymarin was successfully formulated into proliposomes combining ethanol injection and
spray drying methods. The cytotoxicity of silymarin was improved when loaded on proliposomes owing
to the formula.
Polyaminosteroid Analogues as Potent Antibacterial Agents Against Mupirocin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Authors: Sakr Adèle , Laurent Fréderic , Brunel Jean-Michel , Dagher Tania Nawfal , Blin Olivier , Rolain Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) constitutes an important risk
factor for subsequent infections in some types of patient populations. Decolonization of carriers using intranasal
mupirocin is widely used as a preventive measure. However, resistance to this agent has been rising
and causing failure in the decolonization, highlighting the need for new alternatives.

Objective:
The objective of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of polyaminosteroid analogues
(squalamine and BSQ-1) against S. aureus strains with different levels of mupirocin-resistance.

Methods:
Using the broth microdilution method, we evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) of these molecules against S. aureus clinical strains including mupirocin-resistant strains. The
emergence of resistance was evaluated by long-term and repeated exposure of a susceptible S. aureus
strain to subinhibitory concentrations of squalamine, BSQ-1 or mupirocin.

Results:
We found that squalamine and BSQ-1 are active against mupirocin-susceptible and -resistant clinical
isolates with MIC values of 3.125 μg/mL. Additionally, repeated exposure of a S. aureus strain to
squalamine and BSQ-1 did not lead to the emergence of resistant bacteria, contrarily to mupirocin.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that these molecules constitute promising new alternatives to mupirocin
for nasal decolonization and prevention of endogenous infections.
O PNE 2001-2010 E O PNE 2014-2024: COMPARATIVO SOBRE AS CATEGORIAS APRESENTADAS NAS METAS PARA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Micoanski Marinês Limberger , Zago Figueiredo Ireni Marilene 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem o propósito de apresentar as categorias que se mantiveram e/ou foram modificadas para sustentar os conceitos/argumentos sobre as metas da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental no Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) de 2014-2024 em relação ao PNE de 2001-2010. A partir da concepção de linguagem bakhtiniana as categorias são concebidas como produtos histórico-sociais traduzidas por enunciados decorrentes da interação entre sujeitos socialmente organizados e com propósitos ideológicos externos ao seu significado imediato. A expressão do que significa o processo de produção de Políticas Educacionais, particularmente em relação aos PNE 2014-2024 e 2001-2010, constituem o resultado possível, dinâmico e contraditório, de relações que só tem significado/sentido quando analisadas a partir do contexto econômico-social e político-ideológico que as constituíram. Por, isso, muito mais do que o registro quantitativo do aumento/redução e/ou do surgimento de novas categorias no PNE de 2014-2024 em relação ao PNE de 2001-2010 para Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental pontua-se como a linguagem, enquanto signo, expressa sentidos/significados que contribuem para a materialização do processo de afirmação/negação de determinados conhecimentos, normas e valores para o processo de reprodução e construção social da existência humana. O que se pode apreender das categorias contidas nas metas, artigos e/ou diretrizes em relação a Educação Infantil e ao Ensino Fundamental, dessa forma, é que expressam uma transformação dos discursos nos documentos de Política Educacional, os quais acompanharam a guinada do viés economicista para humanitário, a partir da década de 1990, vinculando-se, portanto, a um projeto de sociedade e de educação pautados nas seguintes categorias: preconceito; violência; discriminação; erradicação de todas as formas de discriminação; vulnerabilidade social; desigualdade étnico-racial; direitos humanos; proteção à infância, adolescência e juventude; qualidade da educação; e avaliação.
Investigation of white line separation under load in bovine claws with and without toe-tip necrosis
Authors: Johnston James D. , Eichhorn Dustin J. R. , Kontulainen Saija A. , Noble Scott D. , Jelinski Murray D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the degree of white line separation created by increasing physiologic loads between bovine claws with and without toe-tip necrosis (TTN).

SAMPLE
Cadaveric bovine hind limbs with (n = 10) and without (10) TTN.

PROCEDURES
Hind limbs in which 1 or both claws had evidence of apical white line separation were considered to have TTN. Hind limbs in which neither claw had evidence of white line separation were considered controls. Each hind limb was mounted in a materials testing system with the bottom surface of the hoof angled at approximately 5° to the horizontal plane such that the apex of the claws made initial contact with the clear testing surface to simulate physiologic loading conditions. A digital camera mounted underneath the testing surface was used to obtain images of the bottom of the hoof during the application of each of 3 increasing static loads (1, 2, and 3 kN). The images were analyzed with commercial image-processing software to quantify white line separation area.

RESULTS
White line separation area was significantly greater for claws with TTN than for control claws and increased as the applied load increased. White line separation was almost nonexistent in control claws and was not affected by increasing load.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that mechanical loading exacerbated TTN, but compressive loading alone, even at excessive levels, did not initiate the condition. Interventions (eg, hoof blocks) that decrease loading of affected claws may be beneficial for the treatment of TTN at its earliest stages.