bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate distress, troubled debt restructurings and equity stripping
Authors: Ghosh Saibal 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The focus on excessive corporate leverage as a key factor influencing bank loan delinquency has come into sharp focus in recent times. However, not much analysis has been undertaken on the factors driving corporate distress in emerging economies. Focusing on India as a case study, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of a particular category of corporate debt restructuring (CDR) proposed by the Indian central bank over the last decade in leading an attempt to address bank loan delinquencies, the authors assess the factors influencing the quantum of restructured debt at the corporate level over the time period 2003–2012.

Design/methodology/approach
Besides univariate analysis, the authors use logit regression techniques to analyze the factors driving CDR outcomes in India.

Findings
The results suggest that firms that successfully exit the debt restructuring process are more profitable and less levered and spend a longer time in such restructuring. Little net equity enters these restructured firms, while there is some evidence of equity stripping, particularly in firms with greater promoter control.

Originality/value
To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the early studies that employ micro-level data to make a comprehensive assessment of the factors driving CDR for a leading emerging economy.
Hepcidin/Ferritin Ratios Differ Among Non‐Dialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, and Patients on Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Niikura Takahito , Maruyama Yukio , Nakashima Satomi , Matsuo Nanae , Tanno Yudo , Ohkido Ichiro , Yokoyama Keitaro , Yamamoto Hiroyasu , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe serum levels of hepcidin generally increase in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to inflammation or a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. However, the differences in the ferrokinetics among dialysis modalities are unclear. We investigated the relationship between serum levels of hepcidin and ferritin among non‐dialyzed CKD (ND), hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We recruited 285 CKD patients (117 ND, 80 HD, and 88 PD patients) and measured the serum levels of hepcidin‐25, ferritin, hemoglobin, iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT), albumin, and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). Hepcidin‐25 levels were elevated in all CKD patients and were significantly higher in PD than in ND and HD patients. The hepcidin/ferritin ratio was significantly higher in PD patients independent of TSAT, hemoglobin, hs‐CRP, and serum albumin. Hepcidin/ferritin ratio, associated with both dialysis modality and inflammation, is expected to be a useful indicator of anemia in CKD.
Masked pemphigus among pediatric patients with Castleman’s disease
Authors: Han Shu‐Ping , Fu Lin‐Shien , Chen Lu‐Jen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimParaneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a mucocutaneous autoimmune disorder accompanied with a neoplasm. Castleman's disease (CD), although rare, is the most common cause of PNP in children. It can be life‐threatening when pulmonary involvement occurs. Our study aimed to describe the features of PNP resulting from CD and to find clues for the early diagnosis in pediatric patients.MethodWe report the case of a 13‐year‐old girl who initially presented with oral ulcers and lichen planus, with progression to respiratory failure. A literature review of PNP and CD in children between 1997 and 2016 was performed. The clinical manifestations, pathological findings, treatment, and outcome were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐two children were included in our study: 16 boys and 16 girls. Intractable mucocutaneous lesions developed early before CD was diagnosed. The clinical manifestations comprised oral ulcers (100%), polymorphous skin rash (86.7%) and genital (62.5%) erosion. Histopathological findings revealed lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration (92%), vacuolar interface change (72%), acantholysis (68%), and keratinocytes necrosis (36%). Thirty patients underwent tumor resection. These patients mainly had unicentric CD, with the hyaline‐vascular variant dominant. Twenty‐six patients (81.2%) exhibited pulmonary involvement. The mortality rate was 70.0%. Among them, 90.5% exhibited pulmonary involvement, and 81.0% died of respiratory failure.ConclusionIntractable mucocutaneous lesions with a concurrent tumor in children strongly indicate PNP resulting from CD. Because stomatitis or skin erosion may be the first presentation, mucocutaneous tissue biopsy and early detection of the underlying tumor are important. Earlier diagnosis is mandatory for the effective treatment of PNP and pulmonary involvement.
Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in a patient with gastric cancer complicated by eventration of the diaphragm: A case report
Authors: Fujii Takatsugu , Haruta Shusuke , Ohkura Yu , Honda Aya , Kobayashi Nao , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Ueno Masaki , Udagawa Harushi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiaphragmatic eventration refers to an abnormal elevation of the diaphragm. Here, we report the case of a patient with gastric cancer who underwent successful laparoscopic distal gastrectomy despite the presence of diaphragmatic eventration. The patient was a 72‐year‐old man diagnosed with early gastric cancer in the antrum, as detected by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Preoperative imaging revealed an elevation of the left side of the diaphragm, which was diagnosed as diaphragmatic eventration. Laparoscopic surgery is beneficial for obtaining an optimal field of view. However, there are critical points that must be considered when laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is performed in patients with gastric cancer complicated by diaphragmatic eventration. There were difficulties that affected manipulation because the elevated diaphragm drew the intraperitoneal organs into the thoracic cavity, causing displacement of the normal anatomical position. We found it beneficial to secure the lesser curvature of the stomach given the possible effects of gastric deformation.
Laparoscopic rectal tumor surgery after administration of a new sclerosing therapy (aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid injection) for internal hemorrhoids: A report of three cases
Authors: Goto Saori , Hida Koya , Hoshino Nobuaki , Hisamori Shigeo , Kawada Kenji , Sakurai Takaki , Sakai Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA) injection is a new sclerosing therapy for internal hemorrhoids that has been gaining widespread use. However, there have been few reports about rectal cancer after ALTA injection. We performed laparoscopic surgery for three patients who had underwent ALTA therapy 6 months or 1 year earlier: (i) a 51‐year‐old man with neuroendocrine tumor; (ii) a 44‐year‐old woman with rectal cancer; and (iii) 77‐year‐old man with rectal cancer. All three patients had sclerosis of the resected rectal wall stump, making transection of the rectum difficult. Histological examination of the specimens also showed an inflammatory reaction and/or fibrosis of the resection stump. Although laparoscopic low anterior resection was planned for all three patients, we had to construct a diverting stoma for two patients and could not perform sphincter‐preserving surgery for the other. We must be well prepared for laparoscopic rectal surgeries after ALTA therapy, and these cases suggest sigmoidoscopy before ALTA therapy should be recommended.
Laparoscopic para‐aortic lymphadenectomy for colorectal cancer with clinically suspected lymph node metastasis
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichiro , Kanai Toshio , Yo Kikuo , Hongo Kumiko , Takano Kiminori , Tsutsui Mai , Nakanishi Ryo , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Nakagawa Motohito 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe optimal surgical management strategy for isolated para‐aortic lymph node (PALN) metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. However, the complication rates for open approaches remain high. In this study, the outcomes of laparoscopic para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically suspected PALN metastasis were evaluated.MethodsBetween April 2013 and April 2018, we performed laparoscopic primary resection and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in 11 patients with advanced colorectal cancer and clinically suspected PALN metastasis. This study was a single‐center, retrospective, case series analysis, and the surgical outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThere were no cases of perioperative mortality, and conversion to open surgery was necessary in only one patient (9%) because of invasion into a rib. One patient (9%) required a blood transfusion. Postoperative complications occurred in three patients, and the morbidity rate was 27% (3/11). Pathologically, PALN metastasis was confirmed in five patients (45%), all of whom received postoperative chemotherapy. The median survival time for all patients was 25 months, and one patient died of recurrence at 25 months after the initial surgery. Two other patients were alive with recurrence after 47 and 36 months, and two patients were alive without recurrence after 17 and 2 months.ConclusionLaparoscopic para‐aortic lymphadenectomy for advanced colorectal cancer with clinically suspected PALN is technically feasible and may be beneficial in selected patients. It is necessary to investigate the feasibility of this procedure in a future case series, and information regarding true oncologic outcome will require long‐term follow‐up.
Case of white‐eyed shunt carotid‐cavernous sinus fistula mimicking optic neuritis
Authors: Hayashi Shintaro , Mashio Kiyoshi , Okamoto Koichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe typical orbito‐ocular manifestations of carotid‐cavernous sinus fistulas are conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis and exophthalmos as a result of increased fistular flow directed anteriorly in the ophthalmic veins. These congestive features are absent if the flow is directed posteriorly, resulting in “white‐eyed shunts.” We describe a rare carotid‐cavernous sinus fistula case presenting with optic neuritis‐like manifestations.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old Japanese woman developed periorbital pain, impaired visual acuity with an upper horizontal visual field defect, diminished light reflexes and a relative afferent pupillary defect in her right eye. There were no congestive features in her eyes. Intraocular pressure was normal in both eyes, but fundoscopy revealed a pale optic disc in the right eye. Serum anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibodies were negative. Although optic neuritis was suspected, high‐dose corticosteroid administration did not result in improvement. When referred to Department of Neurology, Gunma University Hospital, she showed a subtle, incomplete oculomotor nerve palsy in the right eye. Magnetic resonance angiography suggested carotid‐cavernous sinus fistula (CCF), and cerebral angiography showed fistulous drainage into the cavernous sinus and inferior petrosal sinus, and a delayed opacification of the superior orbital and angular facial veins on the right side. A diagnosis of white‐eyed shunt CCF was made, and a coil embolization procedure was carried out. However, there was no symptom improvement.ConclusionsIt is difficult to diagnose white‐eyed shunt CCF based only on physical findings, especially when there is an absence of ocular congestive features. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the optic neuritis‐like symptoms of CCF.
Anterior maxillary sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement: A novel approach for management of vertical deficiency
Authors: Mansour Hesham Hussein , Badr Ahmed , Osman Ahmed Hesham , Atef Mohammed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement allowed various procedures to be carried out with a level of great precision and accuracy thus saving time for the patient and clinician.PurposeThe aim of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of this new technique regarding increasing the anterior maxillary alveolar height with simultaneous implant placement.Materials and MethodsNine patients suffering from multiple missing anterior maxillary teeth were selected with vertical dimension not less than 10 mm. anterior maxillary sandwich osteotomy technique was carried out for all patients using xenograft bone particulate with simultaneous implant placement at single stage surgery.ResultsFor two patients, four implants showed significant marginal bone loss with maximum marginal bone loss up to 2.8 mm. However, the immediate postoperative follow up went uneventful for all nine patients included in the present study. None of them showed any complication regarding postoperative wound dehiscence, infection, or segment mobility. Four months postoperative upon the prosthetic phase, all the 18 placed implant were clinically osseointegtated.ConclusionAll 18 implants were successfully integrated in the present study. The prosthetic phase started after 4 months for all cases and there was no need for harvesting of autogenous bone from the patient. But further studies are required to evaluate the viability of such approach in single implant placement cases.
Historical perspectives on contemporary human–environment dynamics in southeast Africa
Authors: Douglass Kristina , Walz Jonathan , Quintana Morales Eréndira , Marcus Richard , Myers Garth , Pollini Jacques 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe human communities and ecosystems of island and coastal southeast Africa face significant and linked ecological threats. Socioecological conditions of concern to communities, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and researchers include declining agricultural productivity, deforestation, introductions of non‐native flora and fauna, coastal erosion and sedimentation, damage to marine environments, illegal fishing, overfishing, waste pollution, salinization of freshwater supplies, and rising energy demands, among others. Human–environment challenges are connected to longer, often ignored, histories of social and ecological dynamics in the region. We argue that these challenges are more effectively understood and addressed within a longer‐term historical ecology framework. We reviewed cases from Madagascar, coastal Kenya, and the Zanzibar Archipelago of fisheries, deforestation, and management of human waste to encourage increased engagement among historical ecologists, conservation scientists, and policy makers. These case studies demonstrate that by widening the types and time depths of data sets we used to investigate and address current socioecological challenges, our interpretations of their causes and strategies for their mitigation varied significantly.
Changes in social networks are associated with lesbian, bisexual and queer women quitting smoking: An analysis of Australian survey data
Authors: Kolstee Johann , Deacon Rachel M. , Haidar Samar , Gray James , Mooney‐Somers Julie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsLesbian, bisexual and queer (LBQ) women in Australia and internationally are smoking at least twice the rate of women in the general population. An understanding of smoking behaviours in this population is essential in order to develop effective interventions. Our analysis aimed to investigate differences in smoking patterns and contexts of smoking between current smokers and recent quitters (<2 years to 1 month).Design and MethodsData were collected through an online anonymous survey conducted in mid‐2015. Participants were recruited online from a variety of social networking sites and community‐based mailing groups.ResultsOverall 257 lesbian, bisexual and queer women completed the survey, 73% current smokers and 27% recent quitters; nearly all had smoked daily at some point in their lives. Multivariate analysis showed recent quitters were less likely to have some (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.71) or half/most/all (aOR 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.048) close friends who smoked compared to none, and were more likely to have a non‐smoking (aOR 10.2, 95% CI 3.86–27.0) or no regular partner (aOR 4.01, 95% CI 1.47–10.9) than one who smoked. Non‐Anglo‐Australian women were also more likely to be recent quitters (aOR 2.45 [95% CI 1.10–5.42]) than Anglo‐Australian women.Discussion and ConclusionsUnderstanding the social significance of partners and friends in lesbian, bisexual and queer women's smoking and cessation efforts will be important for developing meaningful, effective and targeted interventions to address the persistent high rates of smoking in this population.
Inclusion in Practice: Takeaways from the DMI Conference
Authors: Myers Cheryl 
Published: November 2018

DMI's recent Design Leadership Conference highlighted the challenges and opportunities of diversity and inclusion while also confirming the unique value that practitioners of design thinking bring to this global conversation. This article presents key takeaways from the conference and shares design thinking insights that may be valuable to anyone seeking to cultivate more diversity and inclusion in their workplace and their way of thinking.What is a diverse team? What really defines an inclusive process? Simply focusing on representation isn't the answer.
Moving beyond small solute clearance: What evidence is there for more permeable dialyzers and haemodiafiltration?
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDialyzers were initially developed for diffusive clearance of uraemic toxins. Diffusion most effectively clears small uncharged solutes from plasma water, such as urea. Sessional urea clearance targets have been shown to be important for short‐term patient survival, but over the longer term, although low‐flux dialysis can prolong patient survival, accumulation of middle‐sized uraemic toxins, such as β2 microglobulin can lead to disabling arthropathy. Although the introduction of high‐flux dialyzers, designed to increase β2 microglobulin clearance, has reduced the prevalence of arthropathy; this has not been translated into a demonstrable significant improvement in patient survival. However, analysis of individual patients recruited into trials of haemo‐diafiltration reported that greater convective clearance was associated with better survival, although the individual trials reported mixed outcomes. Most haemodiafiltration trials were not designed to study the effect of convective dose, so although reported patient survival was greater for those receiving greater convective volume exchange, these results could potentially be confounded by patient or center effects. An alternative approach to increasing middle‐sized solute clearances would be to use more permeable dialyzers, but as yet there are no trials reporting survival with larger cutoff dialyzers. As such, although there is increasing evidence that increasing middle‐sized molecular uraemic solute clearance is associated with improved patient survival, further prospective trials are required to determine whether as with Kt/Vurea there is a threshold effect of how much convective or middle‐sized solute clearance is required to improve patient survival.
Plagues, climate change, and the end of an empire. A response to Kyle Harper's The Fate of Rome (2): Plagues and a crisis of empire
Authors: Haldon John , Elton Hugh , Huebner Sabine R. , Izdebski Adam , Mordechai Lee , Newfield Timothy P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis is the second of a three‐section review of Kyle Harper's The Fate of Rome in which we examine in detail Harper's treatment of two allegedly widespread and mortal Roman outbreaks of disease. In the case of the second‐century Antonine plague, we demonstrate that Harper overlooked a major controversy and instead portrayed an oversimplified narrative of a catastrophic event. In the case of the third‐century Cyprianic plague, we call attention to several glaring methodological issues in Harper's treatment of the episode, point out the absence of corresponding evidence in the papyri, and cast doubt on the linkage previously drawn between the plague and archaeology.
Fisetin decreases TET1 activity and CCNY/CDK16 promoter 5hmC levels to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of renal cancer stem cell
Authors: Si Yibing , Liu Junfeng , Shen Hongliang , Zhang Chen , Wu Yuanhao , Huang Yongyi , Gong Zhangbin , Xue Jun , Liu Te 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs a natural flavonol, fisetin has significant inhibitory effects on many cancers. Although fisetin can inhibit kidney cancer, its effects on kidney renal stem cells (HuRCSCs) remain unknown. Our study found that renal cancer tissues and CD44+/CD105+ HuRCSCs both show high TET1 protein expression. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that fisetin can effectively inhibit HuRCSC cell division and proliferation, invasion, in vivo tumourigenesis and angiogenesis. Our findings showed that fisetin can significantly decrease TET1 expression levels in HuRCSCs and overall 5hmC levels in the genomes of these cells. At the same time, ChIP‐PCR results showed that fisetin can effectively inhibit 5hmC modification levels at the CpG islands in cyclin Y (CCNY) and CDK16 and reduce their transcription and activity. Thus, we conclude that fisetin inhibits the epigenetic mechanism in renal cancer stem cells, that is, fisetin inhibits TET1 expression and reduces 5hmC modification in specific loci in the promoters of CCNY/CDK16 in HuRSCs. This in turn inhibits transcription of these genes, causing cell cycle arrest and ultimately inhibiting renal cancer stem cell activity.
Empagliflozin and kidney outcomes in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: Results from the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial
Authors: Kadowaki Takashi , Nangaku Masaomi , Hantel Stefan , Okamura Tomoo , von Eynatten Maximilian , Wanner Christoph , Koitka‐Weber Audrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial, empagliflozin added to standard of care improved clinically relevant kidney outcomes by 39%, slowed progression of chronic kidney disease, and reduced albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. This exploratory analysis investigated the effects of empagliflozin on the kidneys in Asian patients.Materials and MethodsParticipants in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial were randomized (1:1:1) to empagliflozin 10 mg, 25 mg or a placebo. In patients of Asian race, we analyzed incident or worsening nephropathy (progression to macroalbuminuria, doubling of serum creatinine, initiation of renal‐replacement therapy or renal death) and its components, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio changes, and renal safety.ResultsOf 7,020 treated patients, 1,517 (26.1%) were Asian. In this subgroup, consistent with the overall trial population, empagliflozin reduced the risk of incident or worsening nephropathy (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.83), progression to macroalbuminuria (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.85) and the composite of doubling of serum creatinine, initiation of renal‐replacement therapy or renal death (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.92). Furthermore, empagliflozin‐treated participants showed slower eGFR decline versus placebo, and showed rapid urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio reduction at week 12, maintained through week 164, with effects most pronounced in those with baseline microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. The kidney safety profile of empagliflozin in the Asian subgroup was similar to the overall trial population.ConclusionsIn Asian patients from the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME® trial, empagliflozin improved kidney outcomes, slowed eGFR decline and lowered albuminuria versus placebo, consistent with the overall trial population findings.