bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressful life events moderate the effect of neural reward responsiveness in childhood on depressive symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Goldstein Brandon L. , Kessel Ellen M. , Kujawa Autumn , Finsaas Megan C. , Davila Joanne , Hajcak Greg , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundReward processing deficits have been implicated in the etiology of depression. A blunted reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential elicited by feedback to monetary gain relative to loss, predicts new onsets and increases in depression symptoms. Etiological models of depression also highlight stressful life events. However, no studies have examined whether stressful life events moderate the effect of the RewP on subsequent depression symptoms. We examined this question during the key developmental transition from childhood to adolescence.MethodsA community sample of 369 children (mean age of 9) completed a self-report measure of depression symptoms. The RewP to winning v. losing was elicited using a monetary reward task. Three years later, we assessed stressful life events occurring in the year prior to the follow-up. Youth depressive symptoms were rated by the children and their parents at baseline and follow-up.ResultsStressful life events moderated the effect of the RewP on depression symptoms at follow-up such that a blunted RewP predicted higher depression symptoms in individuals with higher levels of stressful life events. This effect was also evident when events that were independent of the youth's behavior were examined separately.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the RewP reflects a vulnerability for depression that is activated by stress.
Capitalizing Community: Waste, Wealth, and (Im)material Labor in Kampala
Authors: Doherty Jacob 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiomass briquettes have emerged as a development silver bullet, supposedly converting waste to wealth and tackling crises of unemployment, urban waste management, and rural deforestation. Briquettes have captured the imagination of international environmental NGOs operating in many African cities who promote briquette production, partnering with local Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) to improve urban livelihoods and sanitation. Based on ethnographic research conducted in Kampala, Uganda, this article examines the entanglement of material and immaterial labor in the production of briquettes. The outcome of these production processes is to capitalize Community, transforming everyday socio-spatial relations into an agential entrepreneurial subject fit to receive aid and carry out development. This has the additional effect of exacerbating differences of gender and education within the CBO, alienating the CBO from the rest of Bwaise, and reproducing the racial hierarchies of the development economy.
Trashing Solidarity: The Production of Power and the Challenges to Organizing Informal Reclaimers
Authors: Samson Melanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article presents a nuanced social history of how reclaimers at the Marie Louise landfill in Soweto, South Africa, organized against each other on the basis of nationality instead of uniting to combat the effects of the 2008 global economic crisis. Through this narrative of struggles at one particular dump, the article contributes to debates on informal worker organizing by theorizing the importance of the production of identities, power relations, space, and institutions in understanding how and why informal workers create and maintain power-laden divisions between themselves. The article argues that organizing efforts that seek to overcome divisions between informal workers cannot simply exhort them to unite based on abstract principles, but must actively transform the places and institutions forged by these workers through which they create and crystallize divisive identities and power relations.
Fostering a happy positive learning environment for generalist pre-service teachers: building confidence that promotes wellbeing
Authors: Joseph Dawn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMusic is more than just sounds; engaging in music activities in educational settings may foster a sense of wellbeing. This paper explores whether positive learning environments can change attitudes and build confidence of students undertaking the Bachelor of Education (primary) program. As part of a wider study in Melbourne (Australia), using questionnaire data, this qualitative case study reports on two overarching themes (Wellbeing and Learning, and Skill Development and Confidence). I contend that a happy and safe teaching and learning space may promote and nurture the health and wellbeing of students who lack the confidence to teach music as generalist teachers.
Conservatoire leaders’ observations and perceptions on curriculum reform
Authors: Rumiantsev Tamara W. , Admiraal Wilfried F. , van der Rijst Roeland M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMusicians nowadays need to be able to work both creatively and collaboratively, often in a wider range of artistic, social and cultural contexts. A strong vision on conservatoire pedagogy is needed to reach this goal and at the same time align with the demands of higher education. At the start of the 21st century, renewal of curricula concentrated on implementing the teaching of a broader range of skills, knowledge and attitudes, including problem-solving, reflective, cooperative and communicative competences, as part of the Bologna process of implementing bachelor and master of music programmes. In semi-structured interviews, leaders of conservatoires in Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands reflected on their curriculum and revealed their observations and perceptions of its connection to professional practice. Based on a thematic analysis, conservatoire leaders’ observations and perceptions of the process of curriculum reform were identified. They indicated that teaching professionals continue to maintain an autonomous position, practising traditional forms of teaching and learning. Conservatoire leaders were rather hesitant in implementing new pedagogies, teaching principles and guidelines, due to a dedication to craftsmanship and a large amount of respect for the expertise of their teaching professionals.
Why We Should be Negative about Positive Egalitarianism
Authors: Segall Shlomi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe article assesses recent attempts to deflect two persistent objections to Positive Egalitarianism (PE), the view that equality adds to the goodness of a state of affairs. The first says that PE entails bringing into existence individuals who are equal to each other in leading horrible lives, such that they are worthnotliving. I assess three strategies for deflecting this objection: offering a restricted version of PE; biting the bullet; and pressing alevelling outcounter-objection. The second objection points out that for any world A containing many individuals all leading very satisfying lives, and in perfect equality, PE prefers a much larger, perfectly equal population Z with much lower (yet positive) well-being. I review two main strategies for avoiding this Repellent Conclusion: a Capped Model and making egalitarianism sensitive to welfare levels. Both solutions, I show, are worse than the problems they are meant to solve.
Exploitation of diversity within farmers' durum wheat varieties enhanced the chance of selecting productive, stable and adaptable new varieties to the local climatic conditions
Authors: Mengistu Dejene K. , Kiros Afewerki Y. , Mohammed Jemal N. , Tsehaye Yemane , Fadda Carlo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVariety selection from locally adapted crops is the major climate change adaptation strategy of farming communities. There are several justifications for re-thinking for the sustainable use of crop biodiversity in our breeding programs. Thirty-one durum wheat farmers' varieties (FVs), together with five improved check varieties, were characterized in Tigray during 2014 and 2015 main cropping seasons. The genotype effect explained most of the variations in measured traits, which enabled us to identify superior and stable genotypes for wider adaptation as well varieties with more local adaptation. The genotypes and test locations imposed a highly significant (P < 0.001) effect on both phenological and quantitative traits. A yield advantage of 14.3% was obtained from top performer FV over top performer improved variety, Asassa. Of the tested FVs, 27.8% were superior for grain yield (GY) than improved varieties and 19.4% of these superior FVs were more stable and adaptable than the improved varieties. Besides giving higher GY with spatial stability, they qualify for industrial requirements with high-grain protein (>13%) and gluten (>33%) contents. FVs such as G10, G16, G21, G22 and G30 have wider adaptability and are suitable for production in all tested areas. As outcome of this study, two superior FVs, G10 (208304) and G30 (8208), were nationally released for commercial production for their productivity, stability and grain quality. Utilizing the diverse durum wheat FVs can effectively improve productivity and adaptability. Wheat breeders need to revisit these resources to improve adaptation of wheat production to the changing climatic conditions.
A randomized cross-over trial in patients suspected of PAD on diagnostic accuracy of ankle-brachial index by Doppler-based versus four-point oscillometry based measurements
Authors: Mayr Verena , Hirschl Mirko , Klein-Weigel Peter , Girardi Luka , Kundi Michael 
Published: July 2019

Summary. Background: For diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD), a Doppler-based ankle-brachial-index (dABI) is recommended as the first non-invasive measurement. Due to limitations of dABI, oscillometry might be used as an alternative. The aim of our study was to investigate whether a semi-automatic, four-point oscillometric device provides comparable diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, time requirements and patient preferences were evaluated. Patients and methods: 286 patients were recruited for the study; 140 without and 146 with PAD. The Doppler-based (dABI) and oscillometric (oABI and pulse wave index – PWI) measurements were performed on the same day in a randomized cross-over design. Specificity and sensitivity against verified PAD diagnosis were computed and compared by McNemar tests. ROC analyses were performed and areas under the curve were compared by non-parametric methods. Results: oABI had significantly lower sensitivity (65.8%, 95% CI: 59.2%–71.9%) compared to dABI (87.3%, CI: 81.9–91.3%) but significantly higher specificity (79.7%, 74.7–83.9% vs. 67.0%, 61.3–72.2%). PWI had a comparable sensitivity to dABI. The combination of oABI and PWI had the highest sensitivity (88.8%, 85.7–91.4%). ROC analysis revealed that PWI had the largest area under the curve, but no significant differences between oABI and dABI were observed. Time requirement for oABI was significantly shorter by about 5 min and significantly more patients would prefer oABI for future testing. Conclusions: Semi-automatic oABI measurements using the AngER-device provide comparable diagnostic results to the conventional Doppler method while PWI performed best. The time saved by oscillometry could be important, especially in high volume centers and epidemiologic studies.
Evolution of the Seasonal Surface Mixed Layer of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, Observed With Autonomous Profiling Floats
Authors: Porter David F. , Springer Scott R. , Padman Laurie , Fricker Helen A. , Tinto Kirsty J. , Riser Stephen C. , Bell Robin E. ,   the ROSETTA‐Ice Team
Published: July 2019

AbstractOceanographic conditions on the continental shelf of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, affect sea ice production, Antarctic Bottom Water formation, mass loss from the Ross Ice Shelf, and ecosystems. Since ship access to the Ross Sea is restricted by sea ice in winter, most upper ocean measurements have been acquired in summer. We report the first multiyear time series of temperature and salinity throughout the water column, obtained with autonomous profiling floats. Seven Apex floats were deployed in 2013 on the midcontinental shelf, and six Air‐Launched Autonomous Micro Observer floats were deployed in late 2016, mostly near the ice shelf front. Between profiles, most floats were parked on the seabed to minimize lateral motion. Surface mixed layer temperatures, salinities, and depths, in winter were −1.8 °C, 34.34, and 250–500 m, respectively. Freshwater from sea ice melt in early December formed a shallow (20 m) surface mixed layer, which deepened to 50–80 m and usually warmed to above −0.5 °C by late January. Upper‐ocean freshening continued throughout the summer, especially in the eastern Ross Sea and along the ice shelf front. This freshening requires substantial lateral advection that is dominated by inflow from melting of sea ice and ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea and by inputs from the Ross Ice Shelf. Changes in upper‐ocean freshwater and heat content along the ice shelf front in summer affect cross‐ice front advection, ice shelf melting, and calving processes that determine the rate of mass loss from the grounded Antarctic Ice Sheet in this sector.
Seasonality in Intraseasonal Sea Surface Temperature Variability Along the Sumatra‐Java Southern Coast
Authors: Cao Guojiao , Xu Tengfei , He Yijun , Wang Liwei , Wang Dingqi , Wei Zexun , Zhu Yaohua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the intraseasonal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) along the Sumatra‐Java southern coast using available satellite‐derived oceanic and atmospheric data combined with output from a numerical model. The result reveals that the intraseasonal variability of SST is greater during boreal summer–fall (June–October) than during boreal winter–spring (November–May). Composite analysis shows a correlation between positive/negative intraseasonal SST variabilities and coastal downwelling/upwelling, as well as onshore/offshore Ekman transport during summer–fall. During this period, with the significantly increasing role of oceanic advection, oceanic processes are evidently enhanced and dominate the intraseasonal variability of SST. Meanwhile, the contribution of atmospheric processes drops by 67%. During winter–spring, the intraseasonal SST is primarily contributed by atmospheric processes but has a nonsignificant relationship with sea level anomalies. Intraseasonal SST anomalies vary out of phase with surface wind anomalies. The result also shows a relatively small contribution by vertical processes throughout the year, with the maximum in April and the minimum during August–September. Further analysis reveals that the alternating dominance of atmospheric and oceanic processes on intraseasonal variability of SST is responsible for the seasonality along the Sumatra‐Java southern coast. Moreover, the result indicates that the seasonality in intraseasonal SST is different in the eastern Indonesian Seas, which tends to be relatively strong in boreal winter. Distinct dominance of atmospheric and oceanic processes in intraseasonal SST is the main reason for these differences in seasonal variation characteristics.
Impact of Lateral Terrestrial Water Flow on Land‐Atmosphere Interactions in the Heihe River Basin in China: Fully Coupled Modeling and Precipitation Recycling Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Arnault Joël , Wagner Sven , Laux Patrick , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLateral terrestrial water flow is usually not considered in regional climate modeling. This study focuses on the impact of increased hydrological model complexity for the description of the land‐atmosphere interactions in a complex terrain region. For this purpose, we apply the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with its hydrological modeling extension package WRF‐Hydro for the case of the Heihe River Basin in convection permitting atmospheric resolution (3 km). The Heihe River Basin (143,200 km2) is an arid‐semiarid inland river basin in Northwestern China. By comparing model simulations results with and without coupling for the period 2008–2010, the effect of lateral terrestrial water flow on land‐atmosphere interactions is evaluated with a joint atmospheric‐terrestrial water budget analysis, a regional precipitation recycling analysis and a fully three‐dimensional atmospheric moisture tracing method (evaporation tagging). The coupled modeling system WRF‐Hydro simulates near‐surface temperature and precipitation variability similar to the WRF model and demonstrates, in addition, its ability to reproduce daily streamflow. In the fully coupled mode, as a consequence of lateral terrestrial water flow description, the redistribution of infiltration excess in the mountainous area produces higher soil moisture content in the root zone, increases the terrestrial water storage and evapotranspiration, and decreases the total runoff. The resulting wetting and cooling in the near surface affects the regional climate by changing the regional water vapor transports and water vapor content, while, in turn, inducing precipitation differences. Overall, the fully coupled modeling increases the recycling rate, indicating that lateral terrestrial water flow influences regional climate in our study area.
Pacific‐Panthalassic Reconstructions: Overview, Errata and the Way Forward
Authors: Torsvik Trond H. , Steinberger Bernhard , Shephard Grace E. , Doubrovine Pavel V. , Gaina Carmen , Domeier Mathew , Conrad Clinton P. , Sager William W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have devised a new absolute Late Jurassic‐Cretaceous Pacific plate model using a fixed hot spot approach coupled with paleomagnetic data from Pacific large igneous provinces (LIPs) while simultaneously minimizing plate velocity and net lithosphere rotation (NR). This study was motivated because published Pacific plate models for the 83.5‐ to 150‐Ma time interval are variably flawed, and their use affects modeling of the entire Pacific‐Panthalassic Ocean and interpretation of its margin evolution. These flaws could be corrected, but the revised models would imply unrealistically high plate velocities and NR. We have developed three new Pacific realm models with varying degrees of complexity, but we focus on the one that we consider most realistic. This model reproduces many of the Pacific volcanic paths, modeled paleomagnetic latitudes fit well with direct observations, plate velocities and NR resulting from the model are low, and all reconstructed Pacific LIPs align along the surface‐projected margin of the Pacific large low shear wave velocity province. The emplacement of the Shatsky Rise LIP at ~144 Ma probably caused a major plate boundary reorganization as indicated by a major jump of the Pacific‐Izanagi‐Farallon triple junction and a noteworthy change of the Pacific‐Izanagi seafloor spreading direction at around chron M20 time.
Hydrogeological Model Selection Among Complex Spatial Priors
Authors: Brunetti C. , Bianchi M. , Pirot G. , Linde N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrogeological field studies rely often on a single conceptual representation of the subsurface. This is problematic since the impact of a poorly chosen conceptual model on predictions might be significantly larger than the one caused by parameter uncertainty. Furthermore, conceptual models often need to incorporate geological concepts and patterns in order to provide meaningful uncertainty quantification and predictions. Consequently, several geologically realistic conceptual models should ideally be considered and evaluated in terms of their relative merits. Here, we propose a full Bayesian methodology based on Markov chain Monte Carlo to enable model selection among 2‐D conceptual models that are sampled using training images and concepts from multiple‐point statistics. More precisely, power posteriors for the different conceptual subsurface models are sampled using sequential geostatistical resampling and Graph Cuts. To demonstrate the methodology, we compare and rank five alternative conceptual geological models that have been proposed in the literature to describe aquifer heterogeneity at the MAcroDispersion Experiment site in Mississippi, USA. We consider a small‐scale tracer test for which the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity impacts multilevel solute concentration data observed along a 2‐D transect. The thermodynamic integration and the stepping‐stone sampling methods were used to compute the evidence and associated Bayes factors using the computed power posteriors. We find that both methods are compatible with multiple‐point statistics‐based inversions and provide a consistent ranking of the competing conceptual models considered.
Celastrol attenuates ox-LDL-induced mesangial cell proliferation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Sun Zhenzhen , Li Yuanyuan , Qian Yun , Wu Mengying , Huang Songming , Zhang Aihua , Zhang Yue , Jia Zhanjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMesangial cell (MC) proliferation is one of the important pathological features of obesity-associated nephropathy with unknown etiology. Excessive MC proliferation can cause glomerulosclerosis and renal function loss. Thus, targeting MC proliferation may be a potential strategy for the treatment of obesity-associated kidney disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of celastrol in MC proliferation induced by ox-LDL, as well as the potential mechanisms. Following ox-LDL treatment, MC proliferation was induced and the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated, as evidenced by increased NLRP3 levels, caspase 1 activity, and IL-18 and IL-1β release. Significantly, NLRP3 siRNAs inhibited MC proliferation and delayed cell cycle progression, as indicated by the cell cycle assay and the expression of cyclin A2 and cyclin D1. Given the anti-inflammatory effect of celastrol, we pretreated MCs with celastrol before ox-LDL treatment. As expected, celastrol pretreatment strikingly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and MC proliferation triggered by ox-LDL. In summary, celastrol potently blocked ox-LDL-induced MC proliferation, possibly by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings also suggest that celastrol may be a potential drug for treating proliferative glomerular diseases related to obesity and lipid disorders.
Myelinating Schwann cells ensheath multiple axons in the absence of E3 ligase component Fbxw7
Authors: Harty Breanne L. , Coelho Fernanda , Pease-Raissi Sarah E. , Mogha Amit , Ackerman Sarah D. , Herbert Amy L. , Gereau Robert W. , Golden Judith P. , Lyons David A. , Chan Jonah R. , Monk Kelly R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons; in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells (SCs) myelinate a single axon. Why are the myelinating potentials of these glia so fundamentally different? Here, we find that loss of Fbxw7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase component, enhances the myelinating potential of SCs. Fbxw7 mutant SCs make thicker myelin sheaths and sometimes appear to myelinate multiple axons in a fashion reminiscent of oligodendrocytes. Several Fbxw7 mutant phenotypes are due to dysregulation of mTOR; however, the remarkable ability of mutant SCs to ensheathe multiple axons is independent of mTOR signaling. This indicates distinct roles for Fbxw7 in SC biology including modes of axon interactions previously thought to fundamentally distinguish myelinating SCs from oligodendrocytes. Our data reveal unexpected plasticity in the myelinating potential of SCs, which may have important implications for our understanding of both PNS and CNS myelination and myelin repair.