bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of comorbidity on health outcome after a transport-related injury
Authors: Samoborec Stella , Simpson Pamela , Hassani-Mahmooei Behrooz , Ruseckaite Rasa , Giummarra Melita , Ayton Darshini , Evans Sue 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionUnderstanding the impact of comorbidity on health outcomes is important given that comorbidities can affect survival, morbidity, service delivery costs and healthcare utilisation. However, little is known about the types of comorbidities affecting specific health outcomes after minor to moderate road trauma.MethodsThis study involved 1574 participants who claimed injury compensation following transport-related injury. Cross sectional data were collected. Health outcomes were assessed using the EQ-5D-3L specific domains and summary score. Twelve self-reported pre-existing chronic conditions were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and injury characteristics.ResultsOut of 1574 participants, only 17 (1%) participants reported no pre-existing comorbidities, 72% reported one, 13% reported two and 14% reported three or more comorbidities. Hypertension (15%), depression (14%) and anxiety (14%) were the most commonly reported comorbidities, followed by arthritis (13%), chronic pain (11%) and asthma (11%). Participants with a history of arthritis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.91); chronic back pain (AOR 1.59, 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.43); other chronic pain (AOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.24); depression (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.05) and anxiety (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.32 to 3.26) were at increased risk of poorer health outcomes, after controlling for age, gender, type of injury and time since injury.ConclusionThis study found that comorbidities such as arthritis, chronic back pain, other chronic pain, depression and anxiety significantly increase the odds of poorer health postinjury, regardless of the time since injury. Regular screening of comorbid conditions may help identify people likely to have poorer outcomes, thereby enabling the implementation of interventions to optimise health despite the presence of comorbidities.
A novel mutation in theGFAPgene expands the phenotype of Alexander disease
Authors: Casasnovas Carlos , Verdura Edgard , Vélez Valentina , Schlüter Agatha , Pons-Escoda Albert , Homedes Christian , Ruiz Montserrat , Fourcade Stéphane , Launay Nathalie , Pujol Aurora 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAlexander disease, an autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, is caused by missense mutations inGFAP. Although mostly diagnosed in children, associated with severe leukoencephalopathy, milder adult forms also exist.MethodsA family affected by adult-onset spastic paraplegia underwent neurological examination and cerebral MRI. Two patients were sequenced by whole exome sequencing (WES). A candidate variant was functionally tested in an astrocytoma cell line.ResultsThe novel variant inGFAP(Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) N-terminal head domain (p.Gly18Val) cosegregated in multiple relatives (LOD score: 2.7). All patients, even those with the mildest forms, showed characteristic signal changes or atrophy in the brainstem and spinal cord MRIs, and abnormal MRS. In vitro, this variant did not cause significant protein aggregation, in contrast to most Alexander disease mutations characterised so far. However, cell area analysis showed larger size, a feature previously described in patients and mouse models.ConclusionWe suggest that this variant causes variable expressivity and an attenuated phenotype of Alexander disease type II, probably associated with alternative pathogenic mechanisms, that is, astrocyte enlargement.GFAPanalysis should be considered in adult-onset neurological presentations with pyramidal and bulbar symptoms, in particular when characteristic findings, such as the tadpole sign, are present in MRI. WES is a powerful tool to diagnose atypical cases.
Onset of efficacy and duration of response of galcanezumab for the prevention of episodic migraine: a post-hoc analysis
Authors: Goadsby Peter J , Dodick David W , Martinez James M , Ferguson Margaret B , Oakes Tina M , Zhang Qi , Skljarevski Vladimir , Aurora Sheena K 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectiveAs new migraine prevention treatments are developed, the onset of a preventive effect, how long it is maintained and whether patients initially non-responsive develop clinically meaningful responses with continued treatment can be assessed.MethodsAnalyses were conducted post-hoc of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II-a study in patients with episodic migraine receiving galcanezumab 150 mg or placebo biweekly for 12 weeks (Lancet Neurol13:885, 2014). The number of migraine headache days per week, and onset of efficacy measured as the first week galacanezumab separated from placebo were determined. Patients with ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% reduction in migraine headache days from baseline at months 1, 2 and 3 were calculated and defined as sustained responses. Non-responders (<50% response) at month 1 or 2 who then showed ≥50%, ≥75% and 100% response at later time-points were calculated.ResultsPatients were randomised to galcanezumab (n=107) or placebo (n=110). A significant (p=0.018) change of −0.89±0.11 (galcanezumab) vs −0.53±0.11 (placebo) migraine headache days indicated onset at week 1. Forty-seven per cent of galcanezumab and 25% of placebo patients responding at month 1 maintained response through months 2 and 3. Of non-responders at month 1, 27% on galcanezumab and 20% on placebo responded on months 2 and 3, and 50% of galcanezumab non-responders in months 1 and 2 responded on month 3, vs 24% on placebo.ConclusionsThe onset of efficacy of galcanezumab is within 1 week in a majority of patients, and patients receiving galcanezumab are twice more likely to maintain responses than placebo patients. Early non-responders may respond by month 2 or month 3.Trial registration numberNCT01625988.
Heat therapy vs. supervised exercise therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a 12-wk randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Akerman Ashley P. , Thomas Kate N. , van Rij Andre M. , Body E. Dianne , Alfadhel Mesfer , Cotter James D. 
Published: April 2019

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by lower limb atherosclerosis impairing blood supply and causing walking-induced leg pain or claudication. Adherence to traditional exercise training programs is poor due to these symptoms despite exercise being a mainstay of conservative treatment. Heat therapy improves many cardiovascular health outcomes, so this study tested if this was a viable alternative cardiovascular therapy for PAD patients. Volunteers with PAD were randomized to 12 wk of heat ( n = 11; mean age 76 ± 8 yr, BMI 28.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2, 4 females) or exercise ( n = 11; 74 ± 10 yr, 28.5 ± 6.8 kg/m2, 3 females). Heat involved spa bathing at ∼39°C, 3–5 days/wk for ≤30 min, followed by ≤30 min of callisthenics. Exercise involved ≤90 min of supervised walking and gym-based exercise, 1–2 days/wk. Following the interventions, total walking distance during a 6-min walk test increased (from ∼350 m) by 41 m (95% CI: [13, 69], P = 0.006) regardless of group, and pain-free walking distance increased (from ∼170 m) by 43 m ([22, 63], P < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was reduced more following heat (−7 mmHg, [−4, −10], P < 0.001) than following exercise (−3 mmHg, [0, −6], P = 0.078), and diastolic and mean arterial pressure decreased by 4 mmHg in both groups ( P = 0.002). There were no significant changes in blood volume, ankle-brachial index, or measures of vascular health. There were no differences in the improvement in functional or blood pressure outcomes between heat and exercise in individuals with PAD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heat therapy via hot-water immersion and supervised exercise both improved walking distance and resting blood pressure in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients over 12 wk. Adherence to heat therapy was excellent, and the heat intervention was well tolerated. The results of the current study indicate that heat therapy can improve functional ability and has potential as an effective cardiovascular conditioning tool for individuals with PAD. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/heat-therapy-vs-exercise-in-peripheral-arterial-disease/ .
Resistance and Revolution in the Age of Authoritarian Revanchism: The Power of Revolutionary Imaginaries in the Austerity-Security State Era
Authors: Selbin Eric 
Published: April 2019

We live in an age of authoritarian revanchism, an era of Austerity-Security States often voted in by a set of fears stoked by elites that economies require patriarchal, conserving policies. Hence the end of state welfare functions, destruction of stable employment and unclear job futures create profound economic fear even as the destruction of communal bonds such as identities, social protections and sense of place have produced deep social dread. Resistance, rebellion and revolution remain ready and apt responses for people all around the world. Recent academic interest in ‘imaginaries’ – social, cultural, technological, psychological and more – reflect a renewed appreciation for human agency, collective action, ideology, cultural matters and the ‘narrative turn’. Rich revolutionary imaginaries, often daring acts of bricolage, provide people with the means and methods to struggle for control of the material and ideological conditions of their everyday lives even in the face of forces inimical to their interests. What could be more meaningful than changing the small worlds that are our everyday worlds and hence matter most for most of us most of the time? Where, when, and who will bring revolution into the 21st Century? A broader, deeper definition will help to ascertain, explore and explicate. Resistencia y revolución en la época del revanchismo autoritario: el poder de los imaginarios revolucionarios en la era de la austeridad-seguridad
A systematic follow-up protocol achieving a low hemodialysis graft thrombosis rate
Authors: Caro Acevedo Pilar , Marchante Rosa , Thuissard Israel J , Sanz-Rosa David , Amann Raquel , Hernandez Beatriz , Delgado Ramón 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Graft is an alternative to native arteriovenous fistula to ensure permanent vascular access in hemodialysis patients. The most common complication is significant stenosis, which frequently causes thrombosis and graft loss. Periodic monitoring and surveillance with elective correction of stenotic lesions can prolong graft survival. Objective: To describe the effect of early diagnosis of significant stenosis on the rate of thrombosis and graft patency. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of a cohort of 86 prevalent patients undergoing hemodialysis with a graft as their vascular access. We applied a systematic follow-up protocol of 115 grafts based on various screening methods of monitoring (clinical monitoring, pre-pump arterial pressure, dynamic venous pressure, percentage of recirculation, and dose of dialysis) in conjunction with surveillance (normalized intra-access venous pressure and access flow). The annual rates of thrombosis, and primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency were assessed. Results: The incidence of significant stenosis and thrombosis was 57.4% (65/115) and 39.0% (45/115), respectively. Of all screening procedures, normalized intra-access venous pressure was the best predictor of significant stenosis (hazards ratio, 7.71; 95% confidence interval, 3.06–19.46). The annual rate of thrombosis fluctuated from 0 to 0.26 thromboses/patient/year, with an average rate of 0.14 thromboses/patient/year. Primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency were 74%/79%/82%, 50%/60%/66%, and 23%/35%/37% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Conclusion: The implementation of a systematic graft follow-up protocol combined with monitoring and surveillance enabled early diagnosis and elective correction of significant stenosis, prolonged graft patency, and a low thrombosis rate.
Randomized Trial of Intravenous Versus Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Plus Bevacizumab in Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Walker Joan L. , Brady Mark F. , Wenzel Lari , Fleming Gini F. , Huang Helen Q. , DiSilvestro Paul A. , Fujiwara Keiichi , Alberts David S. , Zheng Wenxin , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Cohn David E. , Powell Matthew A. , Van Le Linda , Davidson Susan A. , Gray Heidi J. , Rose Peter G. , Aghajanian Carol , Myers Tashanna , Alvarez Secord Angeles , Rubin Stephen C. , Mannel Robert S. 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of two different intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy regimens on progression-free survival (PFS) among women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian carcinoma. METHODS Eligible patients were randomly assigned to six cycles of IV paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 once per week with intravenous (IV) carboplatin area under the curve 6 (IV carboplatin) versus IV paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 once per week with IP carboplatin area under the curve 6 (IP carboplatin) versus once every 3 weeks IV paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 over 3 hours day 1, IP cisplatin 75 mg/m2 day 2, and IP paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 day 8 (IP cisplatin). All participants received bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks in cycles 2 to 22. RESULTS A total of 1,560 participants were enrolled and had 84.8 months of follow-up. The median PFS duration was 24.9 months in the IV carboplatin arm, 27.4 months in the IP carboplatin arm, and 26.2 months in the IP cisplatin arm. For the subgroup of 1,380 patients with stage II/III and residual disease of 1 cm or less, median PFS was 26.9 (IV-carboplatin), 28.7 (IP-carboplatin), and 27.8 months (IP cisplatin), respectively. Median PFS for patients with stage II/III and no residual disease was 35.9, 38.8, and 35.5 months, respectively. Median overall survival for all enrolled was 75.5, 78.9, and 72.9 months, respectively, and median overall survival for stage II/III with no gross residual disease was 98.8 months, 104.8 months, and not reached. Mean patient-reported Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy neurotoxicity scores (Gynecologic Oncology Group) were similar for all arms, but the mean Trial Outcome Index of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Ovary scores during chemotherapy were statistically worse in the IP cisplatin arm. CONCLUSION Compared with the IV carboplatin reference arm, the duration of PFS was not significantly increased with either IP regimen when combined with bevacizumab and was better tolerated than IP cisplatin.
Has Section 404 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act Discouraged Corporate Investment? New Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Albuquerque Ana , Zhu Julie Lei 
Published: April 2019

Prior studies conclude that an unintended consequence of firms complying with the Sarbanes–Oxley Act is lower levels of risk-taking activities, including investment. We first show that prior studies cannot isolate the effects of SOX from other contemporaneous events. We then use the implementation requirements of SOX404 to construct a natural experiment that isolates the effects of SOX404 for a sample of small firms. We do not find a reduction in investment and other risk-taking activities for firms that had to comply with SOX404, relative to other firms. Because small firms are expected to be the most adversely affected by the regulation, our results cast doubt on the notion that SOX404 had a negative impact on larger firms.Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3090 .This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Peer Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Cao Jie , Liang Hao , Zhan Xintong 
Published: April 2019

We investigate how firms react to their product-market peers’ commitment to and adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) using a regression discontinuity design approach. Relying on the passage or failure of CSR proposals by a narrow margin of votes during shareholder meetings, we find the passage of a close-call CSR proposal and its implementation are followed by the adoption of similar CSR practices by peer firms. In addition, peers that have greater difficulty in catching up with the voting firm in CSR experience significantly lower stock returns around the passage, consistent with the notion that the spillover effect of the adoption of CSR is a strategic response to competitive threat. Using alternative definitions of peers and examining underlying mechanisms, we further rule out alternative explanations, such as that based on propagation by financial intermediaries. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance department.
Investigating the effect of local warming on vein diameter in the antecubital area in adults aged 20-40 years
Authors: Homayouni Aliakbar , Tabari-Khomeiran Rasoul , Asadi-Louyeh Attaolah 
Published: April 2019

Background: peripheral intravenous cannulation is the most prevalent invasive procedure performed on patients admitted to hospital. The procedure is not always easy to undertake and can lead to problems for the patient and nurse. Alongside various procedures, local warming is one technique that could be used to increase the diameter of superficial veins. This prospective non-randomised trial aimed to determine the effect of local warming on vein diameter in the antecubital area in adults aged 20–40 years. Method: the subjects included 55 volunteers who were in good health. The cephalic vein diameter of the right arm cubital area was measured for each participant using ultrasound guidance. The arm was warmed for 10 minutes using a heating device maintained at 42ºC. A second ultrasound scan was then undertaken immediately afterwards and cephalic vein diameter measured. Results: local warming increased the cephalic vein diameter in the cubital area by 0.43±0.4 mm. There was no significant relationship between change in cephalic vein diameter and participants' gender, age or body mass index. Conclusion: the results indicate that the application of heat is an effective technique for venodilation and could be considered in emergencies or in cases when other veins are difficult to access.
Task complexity, language proficiency and working memory: Interaction effects on second language speech performance
Authors: Awwad Anas , Tavakoli Parvaneh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the aim of developing a more reliable understanding of the effects of task complexity and learner-internal factors on L2 performance, a 2×2 within-between participant study was designed to examine the effects intentional reasoning has on L2 performance, and whether learner language proficiency and working memory mediates these effects. Forty- eight learners of English performed two video-based narrative tasks of varying degrees of intentional reasoning, after taking Oxford Placement Test, Elicited Imitation Tasks and backward-digit span tasks. The results demonstrate that intentional reasoning had significant effects on complexity and accuracy, but no impact on fluency. Regression analyses indicated that proficiency and working memory reliably predicted accuracy across both task types. However, language proficiency and working memory contributed differentially to models predicting lexical complexity and speed fluency in the two task types, highlighting the interaction between task complexity and learner-internal factors.
Postvaccination Febrile Seizure Severity and Outcome
Authors: Deng Lucy , Gidding Heather , Macartney Kristine , Crawford Nigel , Buttery Jim , Gold Michael , Richmond Peter , Wood Nicholas 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:Febrile seizures (FSs) are a common pediatric condition caused by a sudden rise in temperature, affecting 3% to 5% of children aged ≤6 years. Although vaccination can cause FSs, little is known on whether FSs occurring in the time soon after vaccination (vaccine-proximate febrile seizures [VP-FSs] differ clinically from non–vaccine-proximate febrile seizures [NVP-FSs]). We compared the clinical profile and outcomes of VP-FS to NVP-FS.METHODS:Prospective cohort study of children aged ≤6 years presenting with their first FS at 1 of 5 Australian pediatric hospitals between May 2013 and June 2014. Clinical features, management, and outcomes were compared between VP-FS and NVP-FS.RESULTS:Of 1022 first FS cases (median age 19.8 months; interquartile range 13.6–27.6), 67 (6%) were VP-FSs. When comparing VP-FS to NVP-FS, there was no increased risk of prolonged (&gt;1 day) hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.61; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.84–3.10), ICU admission (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.10–5.48), seizure duration &gt;15 minutes (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.73–2.98), repeat FS within 24 hours (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.34–1.89), or requirement for antiepileptic treatment on discharge (OR 1.81; 95% CI 0.41–8.02). VP-FS patients with a laboratory-confirmed infection (12%) were more likely to have a prolonged admission compared with those without.CONCLUSIONS:VP-FS accounted for a small proportion of all FS hospital presentations. There was no difference in outcomes of VP-FS compared with NVP-FS. This is reassuring data for clinicians and parents of children who experience FS after vaccination and can help guide decisions on revaccination.
The frequency of postpartum hemorrhage in women with different somatotypes
Authors: Gaidukov Sergey N. , Tomaeva Kristina G. , Komissarova Elena N. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to study the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage in women with different somatotypes and to develop a method for predicting the risk of this pathology.
Materials and methods. 390 women were examined, 110 were mаcrosomatotype, 173 – mesosomatotype, and 107 – microsomatotype. Somatometry was performed according to R.N. Dorokhov for women in early pregnancy (before 9-10 weeks of gestation).
Results. It was found that postpartum hemorrhage was significantly more prevalent among the women of macro-and microsomatic body type compared with women with mesosomatotypes (p < 0.05). In the course of multiple regression analysis, we obtained a regression equation (formula) for predictive models, which predicts the development of postpartum hemorrhage in women of different somatotypes. The calculations according to the presented formula, allows to predict with high accuracy the prognosis of postpartum bleeding, and also allows to form among patients a high-risk group for the development of this disease in the first trimester of pregnancy when the pregnant woman is registered in the women’s consultation, long before delivery, which will contribute to more effective implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures to prevent the development of postpartum bleeding.