bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing space use in meadow voles: the relationship to reproduction and the stress axis
Authors: Edwards Phoebe D , Dean Erik K , Palme Rupert , Boonstra Rudy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Voles are key mammals in understanding how social interactions can affect large-scale population processes. Previous studies have shown that at high population densities, meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) have a lower proportion of breeding animals, higher average corticosterone levels, and can be limited by female territorial spacing. Based on this, we compared corticosterone levels and spatial use between breeding and nonbreeding free-ranging adult meadow voles within populations. We measured intrasexual spatial overlap to examine if breeding females minimize occupying the same areas as other females, and noninvasively assessed corticosterone levels using fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs). We found that female meadow voles have much lower intrasexual spatial overlap than males, even though both sexes have similar range sizes, and that females have generally higher FCM levels than males. However, breeding and nonbreeding females did not differ from one another in spatial use or in FCM levels. Conversely, reproductive classes of males differed greatly in all measures: nonbreeding males had FCM levels that were two times higher than those of breeding males, occupied a smaller range, and had lower spatial overlap, indicating they were moving less widely than breeding males. We additionally validated an enzyme immunoassay for noninvasively measuring FCMs in meadow voles. The assay was successful in detecting an increase in corticosterone stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone injection; however, dexamethasone did not induce negative feedback. FCMs reflect circulating corticosterone levels approximately 5 h prior. These results highlight differences in FCMs and spacing in meadow voles related to sex and reproductive status, and reflect the respective strategies males and females employ during the breeding season.
Can moons have moons?
Authors: Kollmeier Juna A , Raymond Sean N 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Each of the giant planets within the Solar system has large moons but none of these moons have their own moons (which we call submoons). By analogy with studies of moons around short-period exoplanets, we investigate the tidal-dynamical stability of submoons. We find that 10 km-scale submoons can only survive around large (1000 km-scale) moons on wide-separation orbits. Tidal dissipation destabilizes the orbits of submoons around moons that are small or too close to their host planet; this is the case for most of the Solar system’s moons. A handful of known moons are, however, capable of hosting long-lived submoons: Saturn’s moons Titan and Iapetus, Jupiter’s moon Callisto, and Earth’s Moon. Based on its inferred mass and orbital separation, the newly discovered exomoon candidate Kepler-1625b-I can in principle host a large submoon, although its stability depends on a number of unknown parameters. We discuss the possible habitability of submoons and the potential for subsubmoons. The existence, or lack thereof, of submoons may yield important constraints on satellite formation and evolution in planetary systems.
BAM: bias assignment method to generate mock catalogues
Authors: Balaguera-Antolínez A , Kitaura Francisco-Shu , Pellejero-Ibáñez Marcos , Zhao Cheng , Abel Tom 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
We present BAM: a novel Bias Assignment Method envisaged to generate mock catalogues. Combining the statistics of dark matter tracers from a high-resolution cosmological N-body simulation and the dark matter density field calculated from down-sampled initial conditions using efficient structure formation solvers, we extract the halo-bias relation on a mesh of a $3\, h^{-1}$ Mpc cell side resolution as a function of properties of the dark matter density field (e.g. local density, cosmic web type), automatically including stochastic, deterministic, local and non-local components. We use this information to sample the halo density field, accounting for ignored dependencies through an iterative process. By construction, our approach reaches ${\sim } 1\, {\rm {per\,cent}}$ accuracy in the majority of the k-range up to the Nyquist frequency without systematic deviations for power spectra (about $k \sim 1\, h$ Mpc−1) using either particle mesh or Lagrangian perturbation theory based solvers. When using phase-space mapping to compensate the low resolution of the approximate gravity solvers, our method reproduces the bispectra of the reference within $10\, {\rm {per\,cent}}$ precision studying configurations tracing the quasi-non-linear regime. BAM has the potential to become a standard technique to produce mock halo and galaxy catalogues for future galaxy surveys and cosmological studies being highly accurate, efficient and parameter free.
BFC-theorems for higher commutator subgroups
Authors: Detomi Eloisa , Morigi Marta , Shumyatsky Pavel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A BFC-group is a group in which all conjugacy classes are finite with bounded size. In 1954, B. H. Neumann discovered that if G is a BFC-group then the derived group G′ is finite. Let w=w(x1,…,xn) be a multilinear commutator. We study groups in which the conjugacy classes containing w-values are finite of bounded order. Let G be a group and let w(G) be the verbal subgroup of G generated by all w-values. We prove that if |xG|≤m for every w-value x, then the derived subgroup of w(G) is finite of order bounded by a function of m and n. If |xw(G)|≤m for every w-value x, then [w(w(G)),w(G)] is finite of order bounded by a function of m and n.
Emotional prosody in congenital amusia: impaired and spared processes
Authors: Pralus A. , Fornoni L. , Bouet R. , Gomot M. , Bhatara A. , Tillmann B. , Caclin A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCongenital amusia is a lifelong deficit of music processing, in particular of pitch processing. Most research investigating this neurodevelopmental disorder has focused on music perception, but pitch also has a critical role for intentional and emotional prosody in speech. Two previous studies investigating amusics’ emotional prosody recognition have shown either some deficit or no deficit (compared to controls). However, these previous studies have used only long sentence stimuli, which allow for limited control over acoustic content. Here, we tested amusic individuals for emotional prosody perception in sentences and vowels. For each type of material, participants performed an emotion categorization task, followed by intensity ratings of the recognized emotion. Compared to controls, amusic individuals had similar recognition of emotion in sentences, but poorer performance in vowels, especially when distinguishing sad and neutral stimuli. These lower performances in amusics were linked with difficulties in processing pitch and spectro-temporal parameters of the vowel stimuli. For emotion intensity, neither sentence nor vowel ratings differed between participant groups, suggesting preserved implicit processing of emotional prosody in amusia. These findings can be integrated into previous data showing preserved implicit processing of pitch and emotion in amusia alongside deficits in explicit recognition tasks. They are thus further supporting the hypothesis of impaired conscious analysis of pitch and timbre in this neurodevelopmental disorder.HighlightsAmusics showed preserved emotional prosody recognition in sentencesAmusics showed a deficit for emotional prosody recognition in short voice samplesPreserved intensity ratings of emotions in amusia suggest spared implicit processes
Cooperation Enhances Robustness of Coexistence in Spatially Structured Consortia
Authors: Ren Xinying , Murray Richard M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDesigning synthetic microbial consortia is an emerging area in synthetic biology and a major goal is to realize stable and robust coexistence of multiple species. Co-operation and competition are fundamental intra/interspecies interactions that shape population level behaviors, yet it is not well-understood how these interactions affect the stability and robustness of coexistence. In this paper, we show that communities with cooperative interactions are more robust to population disturbance, e.g., depletion by antibiotics, by forming intermixed spatial patterns. Meanwhile, competition leads to population spatial heterogeneity and more fragile coexistence in communities. Using reaction-diffusion and nonlocal PDE models and simulations of a two-species E. coli consortium, we demonstrate that cooperation is more beneficial than competition in maintaining coexistence in spatially structured consortia, but not in well-mixed environments. This also suggests a trade-off between constructing heterogeneous communities with localized functions and maintaining robust coexistence. The results provide general strategies for engineering spatially structured consortia by designing interspecies interactions and suggest the importance of cooperation for biodiversity in microbial community.
Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions
Authors: Torng Wen , Altman Russ B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurate determination of target-ligand interactions is crucial in the drug discovery process. In this paper, we propose a two-staged graph-convolutional (Graph-CNN) framework for predicting protein-ligand interactions. We first describe an unsupervised graph-autoencoder to learn fixed-size representations of protein pockets. Two Graph-CNNs are then trained to automatically extract features from pocket graphs and 2D molecular graphs, respectively. We demonstrate that graph-autoencoders can learn meaningful fixed-size representation for protein pockets of varying sizes and the Graph-CNN framework can effectively capture protein-ligand binding interactions without relying on target-ligand co-complexes. Across several metrics, Graph-CNNs achieved better or comparable performance to 3DCNN ligand-scoring, AutoDock Vina, RF-Score, and NNScore on common virtual screening benchmark datasets. Visualization of key pocket residues and ligand atoms contributing to the classification decisions confirms that our networks recognize meaningful interactions between pockets and ligands.Availability and ImplementationContact:rbaltman@stanford.eduSupplementary information:
Bite size ofCaenorhabditis elegansregulates feeding, satiety and development on yeast diet
Authors: De Atreyee , Sahu Amit K , Singh Varsha 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn the wild, the soil dwellingnematode Caenorhabditis elegansprimarily feeds on microbes which are abundant in rotting vegetation. Recent published studies showthat several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial populations predominantly constitutes theC. elegansgut microbiome but surprisingly lack any yeast species. Here, we show thatC. elegansdisplay low satiety on yeast diet ofCryptococcus neoformans, C. laurentiiorS. cerevisiae. We found that average size of budding yeast cells is much larger thanE. colicells. Yeast cells also cause pharyngeal obstruction, diminished feeding, and lower level of neutral lipids in adultC. elegans. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show that the mouth size ofC. eleganslarvae is smaller than average yeast cell. The larvae have no detectable yeast in their alimentary canal and they undergo delayed development on yeast diet. We propose that microbial cell size or bite size could be one of the crucial factors in regulation of feeding inC. elegans.IMPORTANCEThe microbiome inC. elegansgut is composed of diverse genera of bacteria but it lacks yeast and other fungi. In this study, we provide evidence that yeast cell size is bigger than the mouth size ofC. eleganslarvae. We propose that “bigger than the bite’’ size of yeast cells is one possible reason for low satiety on yeast diet, reduced feeding, lower stored lipids and delayed development. The bite size threshold imposed byC. elegansmouth can, partly, explain absence of yeast inC. elegansnative gut microbiome and “bite size’’ can be studied further as a determinant of microbiome diversity in other animals.
Guiding Interoperable Electronic Health Records Through Patient Sharing Networks
Authors: Clarke Jonathan M , Warren Leigh R , Arora Sonal , Barahona Mauricio , Darzi Ara W 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEffective sharing of clinical information between care providers is a critical component of a safe, efficient health system. National data sharing systems may be costly, politically contentious and do not reflect local patterns of care delivery. This study examines hospital attendances in England from 2013 to 2015 to identify instances of patient sharing between hospitals. Of 19.6 million patients receiving care from 155 hospital care provider, 130 million presentations were identified. On 14.7 million occasions (12%), patients attended a different hospital to the one they attended on their previous interaction. A network of hospitals was constructed based on the frequency of patient sharing between hospitals which was partitioned using the Louvain algorithm into 10 distinct data-sharing communities, improving the continuity of data sharing in such instances from 0% to 65-95%. Locally implemented data-sharing communities of hospitals may achieve effective accessibility of clinical information without a large-scale national interoperable information system.
VariantKey: A Reversible Numerical Representation of Human Genetic Variants
Authors: Asuni Nicola , Wilder Steven 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman genetic variants are usually represented by four values with variable length: chromosome, position, reference and alternate alleles. There is no guarantee that these components are represented in a consistent way across different data sources, and processing variant-based data can be inefficient because four different comparison operations are needed for each variant, three of which are string comparisons. Existing variant identifiers do not typically represent every possible variant we may be interested in, nor they are directly reversible. Similarly, genomic regions are typically represented inconsistently by three or four values. Working with strings, in contrast to numbers, poses extra challenges on computer memory allocation and data-representation. To overcome these limitations, a novel reversible numerical encoding schema for human genetic variants (VariantKey) and genomics regions (RegionKey), is presented here alongside a multi-language open-source software implementation (https://github.com/Genomicsplc/variantkey). VariantKey and RegionKey represents variants and regions as single 64 bit numeric entities, while preserving the ability to be searched and sorted by chromosome and position. The individual components of short variants can be directly read back from the VariantKey, while long variants are supported with a fast lookup table.
Apolipoprotein E interacts with amyloid-β oligomers via positively cooperative multivalent binding
Authors: Ghosh S. , Sil T. B. , Dolai S. , Garai K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInteraction of apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms with amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is considered a critical determinant of the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. However, molecular mechanism of the apoE-Aβ interaction is poorly understood. Here we characterize the nature of the apoE-Aβ complexes and identify the region of apoE that interacts with Aβ. We have prepared three distinct fragments of apoE4,viz., the N-terminal fragment (NTF), hinge domain fragment (HDF) and C-terminal fragment (CTF) to compare its interactions with Aβ. Kinetics of aggregation of Aβ is delayed dramatically in presence of low, substoichiometric concentrations of both NTF and CTF in lipid-free, as well as, in lipidated forms. Effect of HDF is found to be small. Strong inhibition by NTF and CTF at substoichiometric concentrations indicate interactions with the ‘intermediates’ or the oligomers of Aβ. Kinetics of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between full-length apoE4 labeled with EDANS at positions 62, 139, 210, 247, and 276 and tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled Aβ further support involvement of multiple regions of apoE in the interactions. Since the interactions involve intermediates of Aβ quantitative evaluation of the binding affinities are not feasible. Hence we employed a competitive binding assay to examine whether the N- and C-terminal domains interact cooperatively. Addition of unlabeled full-length apoE eliminates the FRET between EDANS-NTF + EDANS-CTF and TMR-Aβ almost completely but not vice versa. Furthermore, full-length apoE but not the equimolar mixture of the fragments could displace the already bound EDANS-apoE molecules from the complexes. Therefore, binding affinity of the Aβ oligomers to the intact full-length apoE is much higher than the affinity to the domains when mixed together as fragments. Thus, our results indicate that apoE-Aβ complex formation is mediated by positively cooperative multivalent binding between the multiple sites on apoE and the oligomeric forms of Aβ.
Awareness of MERS-CoV among Staff Members of Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aman Saud H , Aljaber Mohammed I , Alwehaibi Abdullah I , Aman Fahad H , Algaeed Hamad A , Almasoud Sultan M , Alahmari Majed A , Hussain Omair Al , Elhag Ahmed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) developed infections that caused serious epidemics. Special priority of awareness and prompt initiative involvement of health workers (HW) during such intensified health situation necessitated an assessment of their preparedness, appropriate attitudes and protective strategies for better efficiency modes and acceleration during emergency.MethodsHW of Prince Sultan Military Medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were reviewed through specifically designed questionnaires to acquire the demanded data. It included clinical and demographic information about the viral diseases, associated signs and symptoms, transmission and protection, and attitudes about the MERS-CoV disease.ResultsThe study was accomplished between August and November, 2017 and 477 participants of the medical city, successfully completed the study questionnaire (Appendix I). Females represented a majority and there was an indirectly proportional decrease with the increasing age. Gradual educational increase levels reflected dominance of the university degree holders. Jobs were dominated by nurses and non-Saudis were a majority whilst, the highly experienced, (>10 years) were a minority. A majority recognized the viral transmission methods, popular information sources of MERS-CoV and associated medical terms. Highest scores were observed in dealing with protective aids and recognizing symptoms of disease. High adherence to hand hygiene protocols and correct washing steps were recorded. Correct and high levels were observed in taking preventive measures and avoiding infection. Participants responded correctly to negative and wrong actions that patients should refrain from. High scores were observed in taking appreciable attitudes towards oneself and towards others.ConclusionsExpatriates were majority and nurses were dominant which, necessitates Saudization of this sector. Ministry of health pamphlets and seminars were of less impact in invigilating HW, hence, more attention and efforts are demanded. HW were quite aware of the basic and emergent health policies during epidemic episodes of MERS-CoV.
IL-25 induces beige fat to improve metabolic homeostasis via macrophage and innervation
Authors: Li Lingyi , Ma Lei , Feng Juan , Gong Baoyong , Li Jin , Hu Tianyu , Zhao Zewei , Qi Weiwei , Zhou Ti , Yang Xia , Gao Guoquan , Yang Zhonghan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBeige fat dissipates energy and functions as a defense against cold and obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that the signaling of interleukin (IL)-25 including its cognate receptor, IL-17 receptor B (IL-17RB), increased in adipose tissue upon cold and β3-adrenoceptor agonist stimulation. IL-25 induced the browning effect in white adipose tissue (WAT) by releasing IL-4, 13 and promoting alternative activation of macrophages to regulate innervation, which characterized as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) up-regulation to produce more catecholamine including norepinephrine. Blockade of IL-4Rα and depletion of macrophages with clodronate-loaded liposomes in vivo significantly impaired the browning of WAT. Obese mice administered with IL-25 were protected from obesity on a high-fat diet and the subsequent metabolic disorders, and the process involved the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated thermogenesis. In conclusion, the activation of IL-25 signaling on beige fat might play a therapeutic potential for obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
Experimentalist systems in manufacturing multinationals
Authors: Herrigel Gary B. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply experimentalist framework to understand self-optimizing efforts within German manufacturing multinationals. Benefits and characteristic obstacles to diffusion are discussed. Mechanisms for combatting obstacles are outlined.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative case studies, interview-based research, processual and reflexive action theory are applied to the governance of manufacturing-based multinational enterprises.

Findings
Uncertainty is an ineradicable element in multinational companies (MNC) FDI operations. Self-optimizing systems, many with an experimentalist character, are a pervasive form of response to this uncertainty. Obstacles to the diffusion and effective operation of self-optimization are chronic and, indeed, endogenously generated. But as a result, so are superordinate efforts to undercut the continuous emergence of obstacles. MNC development is, thus, characterized by continuous self-recomposition.

Research limitations/implications
Implication is that managers and management theorists should focus as much on the management of dynamic process and learning that results in the recomposition of institutional rules as they do on the constraining and enabling effects of those rules.

Practical implications
Superordinate mechanisms for the disruption of incipient insulation and exclusion are crucial for the implementation of successful experimentalist (learning) systems.

Social implications
Transparency, stakeholder involvement in MNC governance processes has positive implications for learning, innovation and competitiveness.

Originality/value
This paper presents the application of experimentalist learning theory to MNC global governance.