bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician-based on-scene airway management in severely injured patients and in-hospital consequences: is the misplaced intubation an underestimated danger in trauma management?
Authors: Özkurtul Orkun , Struck Manuel F , Fakler Johannes , Bernhard Michael , Seinen Silja , Wrigge Hermann , Josten Christoph 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundEndotracheal intubation (ETI) is the gold standard for the out-of-hospital emergency airway management in severely injured patients. Due to time-critical circumstances, poor patient presentation and hostile environments, it may be prone for mechanical complications and failure.MethodsIn a retrospective study (January 2011 to December 2013), all patients who underwent out-of-hospital ETI before admittance to a level 1 trauma center were analyzed consecutively. Patients with supraglottic airways, being under cardiopulmonary resuscitation and interfacility transports were excluded. The main study endpoint was the incidence of unrecognized tube malposition; secondary endpoints were Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and in-hospital mortality adjusted to on-scene Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Abbreviated Injury Scale head (AIS head), and on-scene time.ResultsOut of 1176 patients, 151 underwent out-of-hospital ETI. At hospital admission, tube malpositions were recognized in nine patients (5.9%). Accidental and unrecognized esophageal intubation was detected in five patients (3.3%) and bronchial intubation in four patients (2.7%). Although ISS (p=0.053), AIS head (p=0.469), on-scene GCS (p=0.151), on-scene time (p=0.530), GOS (p=0.748) and in-hospital mortality (p=0.431) were similar compared with correctly positioned ETI tubes, three esophageal intubation patients died due to hypoxemic complications.DiscussionIn our study sample, out-of-hospital emergency ETI in severely injured patients was associated with a considerable tube misplacement rate. For safety, increased compliance to consequently use available technologies (eg, capnography, video laryngoscopy) for emergency ETI should be warranted.Level of evidenceLevel of Evidence IIA.
Multimodal treatment approach in a case of feline ventral abdominal angiosarcoma
Authors: Maldonado‐Moreno Alba , Blanchart Marta , Clemente‐Vicario Pachi , Gonzalez‐Gash Esteban , Feo‐Bernabe Luis 
Published: February 2019

A 14‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for a recurrent angiosarcoma. Previously, the mass was incompletely resected twice at the referring practice with subsequent dehiscence and recurrence. The lesion was re‐excised with dirty margins and the cat was treated with courses of adjunct chemotherapy (doxorubicin and toceranib) until progression of the angiosarcoma was noted four months after surgery. A fourth surgery was performed, resecting the mass en bloc with 2 cm margins and one fascial plane, achieving clean margins. Doxorubicin was resumed postoperatively, but nine weeks later another inguinal mass developed. Electrochemotherapy with intravenous bleomycin was elected as a rescue treatment, which resulted in complete response for three months. One month later, the patient presented with anaemia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypothermia. Staging revealed renal and pulmonary nodules. Due to declining quality of life and progressive disease, the owners elected euthanasia, at which time the cat had survived 13 months following initial diagnosis.
Idiopathic eosinophilic polysynovitis in a dog
Authors: Birckhead Alice , Combs Martin , Croser Emma , Jermyn Kieri 
Published: February 2019

This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of marked eosinophilic polysynovitis in a five‐year‐old male neutered kelpie dog. The dog was referred following a three‐month history of multifocal lameness and intermittent fever that was unresponsive to NSAIDs or antibiotics. Marked eosinophilic inflammation of multiple joints was documented on synovial fluid analysis. No inciting agent was identified despite extensive diagnostic testing including serology for toxoplasmosis, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, heartworm antigen, urinalysis and faecal float. The dog responded well to immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone therapy, which was tapered and discontinued after eight months. Follow‐up arthrocentesis revealed the eosinophilic polysynovitis had resolved.
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-FUNCTIONALIZED MAGNETIC (Fe3O4) NANOPARTICLES: A GOOD METHOD FOR A SUCCESSFUL ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT VIA DAMAGE DNA MOLECULE
Authors: KADHIM WALEED K. ABDUL , NAYEF UDAY M. , JABIR MAJID S. 
Published: February 2019

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MPs) capped with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and their antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Psudomonas aeruginosa. The functionalized NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry (TG). The average size of the Fe3O4 was in the range 9–20[Formula: see text]nm, while the functionalized PEG–Fe3O4 had an average size of 5–15[Formula: see text]nm. The PEG–Fe3O4 exhibited superparamagnetism and high saturation magnetization at room temperature. The antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4 and PEG–Fe3O4 were evaluated against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa using the agar well diffusion method. The changes in the morphology of the studied bacterial species were observed via SEM, while the mode of action of the studied agents was determined via the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using Acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining method. The results showed that PEG-functionalized magnetic (Fe3O4) NPs as a novel DNA-mediated antibacterial agent. The PEG–Fe3O4 NPs were observed to destroy the bacterial cells by permeating the bacterial nucleic acid and cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of cell-wall integrity, nucleic acid damage, and increased cell-wall permeability. The PEG–Fe3O4 NPs could serve as a potential antibacterial agent in future biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
CONVOLUTIONAL LONG-SHORT TERM MEMORY NETWORKS MODEL FOR LONG DURATION EEG SIGNAL CLASSIFICATION
Authors: BALOGLU ULAS BARAN , YILDIRIM ÖZAL 
Published: February 2019

Background and objective: Deep learning structures have recently achieved remarkable success in the field of machine learning. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) in image processing and long-short term memory (LSTM) in the time-series analysis are commonly used deep learning algorithms. Healthcare applications of deep learning algorithms provide important contributions for computer-aided diagnosis research. In this study, convolutional long-short term memory (CLSTM) network was used for automatic classification of EEG signals and automatic seizure detection. Methods: A new nine-layer deep network model consisting of convolutional and LSTM layers was designed. The signals processed in the convolutional layers were given as an input to the LSTM network whose outputs were processed in densely connected neural network layers. The EEG data is appropriate for a model having 1-D convolution layers. A bidirectional model was employed in the LSTM layer. Results: Bonn University EEG database with five different datasets was used for experimental studies. In this database, each dataset contains 23.6[Formula: see text]s duration 100 single channel EEG segments which consist of 4097 dimensional samples (173.61[Formula: see text]Hz). Eight two-class and three three-class clinical scenarios were examined. When the experimental results were evaluated, it was seen that the proposed model had high accuracy on both binary and ternary classification tasks. Conclusions: The proposed end-to-end learning structure showed a good performance without using any hand-crafted feature extraction or shallow classifiers to detect the seizures. The model does not require filtering, and also automatically learns to filter the input as well. As a result, the proposed model can process long duration EEG signals without applying segmentation, and can detect epileptic seizures automatically by using the correlation of ictal and interictal signals of raw data.
Combining Multiple Optimized FPGA-based Pulsar Search Modules Using OpenCL
Authors: Wang Haomiao , Thiagaraj Prabu , Sinnen Oliver 
Published: February 2019

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in the central signal processing design of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) as hardware accelerators. The frequency domain acceleration search (FDAS) module is an important part of the SKA1-MID pulsar search engine. To develop for a yet to be finalized hardware, for cross-discipline interoperability and to achieve fast prototyping, OpenCL as a high-level FPGA synthesis approaches employed to create the sub-modules of FDAS. The FT convolution and the harmonic-summing plus some other minor sub-modules are elements in the FDAS module that have been well-optimized separately before. In this paper, we explore the design space of combining well-optimized designs, dealing with the ensuing need to trade-off and compromise. Pipeline computing is employed to handle multiple input arrays at high speed. The hardware target is to employ multiple high-end FPGAs to process the combined FDAS module. The results show interesting consequences, where the best individual solutions are not necessarily the best solutions for the speed of a pipeline where FPGA resources and memory bandwidth need to be shared. By proposing multiple buffering techniques to the pipeline, the combined FDAS module can achieve up to 2[Formula: see text] speedup over implementations without pipeline computing. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation on multiple high-end FPGA cards hosted in a workstation and compare to a technology comparable mid-range GPU.
TRPA1 channel contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Conklin Daniel J. , Guo Yiru , Nystoriak Matthew A. , Jagatheesan Ganapathy , Obal Detlef , Kilfoil Peter J. , Hoetker Joseph David , Guo Luping , Bolli Roberto , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: February 2019

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) results in the generation of free radicals, accumulation of lipid peroxidation-derived unsaturated aldehydes, variable angina (pain), and infarction. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mediates pain signaling and is activated by unsaturated aldehydes, including acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal. The contribution of TRPA1 (a Ca2+-permeable channel) to I/R-induced myocardial injury is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac TRPA1 confers myocyte sensitivity to aldehyde accumulation and promotes I/R injury. Although basal cardiovascular function in TRPA1-null mice was similar to that in wild-type (WT) mice, infarct size was significantly smaller in TRPA1-null mice than in WT mice (34.1 ± 9.3 vs. 14.3 ± 9.9% of the risk region, n = 8 and 7, respectively, P < 0.05), despite a similar I/R-induced area at risk (40.3 ±8.4% and 42.2 ± 11.3% for WT and TRPA1-null mice, respectively) after myocardial I/R (30 min of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion) in situ. Positive TRPA1 immunofluorescence was present in murine and human hearts and was colocalized with connexin43 at intercalated disks in isolated murine cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte TRPA1 was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, DNA sequencing, Western blot analysis, and electrophysiology. A role of TRPA1 in cardiomyocyte toxicity was demonstrated in isolated cardiomyocytes exposed to acrolein, an I/R-associated toxin that induces Ca2+ accumulation and hypercontraction, effects significantly blunted by HC-030031, a TRPA1 antagonist. Protection induced by HC-030031 was quantitatively equivalent to that induced by SN-6, a Na+/Ca2+ exchange inhibitor, further supporting a role of Ca2+ overload in acrolein-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity. These data indicate that cardiac TRPA1 activation likely contributes to I/R injury and, thus, that TRPA1 may be a novel therapeutic target for decreasing myocardial I/R injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation mediates increased blood flow, edema, and pain reception, yet its role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. Genetic ablation of TRPA1 significantly decreased myocardial infarction after I/R in mice. Functional TRPA1 in cardiomyocytes was enriched in intercalated disks and contributed to acrolein-induced Ca2+ overload and hypercontraction. These data indicate that I/R activation of TRPA1 worsens myocardial infarction; TRPA1 may be a potential target to mitigate I/R injury.
Tumor Suppressor miRNA-204-5p Regulates Growth, Metastasis, and Immune Microenvironment Remodeling in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hong Bok Sil , Ryu Han Suk , Kim Namshin , Kim Jisun , Lee Eunshin , Moon Hyunhye , Kim Kyoung Hyoun , Jin Min-Sun , Kwon Nam Hoon , Kim Sunghoon , Kim Donghyun , Chung Doo Hyun , Jeong Kyeonghun , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Ki Yoon , Lee Han-Byoel , Han Wonshik , Yun Jihui , Kim Jong-Il , Noh Dong-Young , Moon Hyeong-Gon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Various miRNAs play critical roles in the development and progression of solid tumors. In this study, we describe the role of miR-204-5p in limiting growth and progression of breast cancer. In breast cancer tissues, miR-204-5p was significantly downregulated compared with normal breast tissues, and its expression levels were associated with increased survival outcome in patients with breast cancer. Overexpression of miR-204-5p inhibited viability, proliferation, and migration capacity in human and murine breast cancer cells. In addition, miR-204-5p overexpression resulted in a significant alteration in metabolic properties of cancer cells and suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in mouse breast cancer models. The association between miR-204-5p expression and clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer showed a nonlinear pattern that was reproduced in experimental assays of cancer cell behavior and metastatic capacities. Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed that various cancer-related pathways including PI3K/Akt and tumor–immune interactions were significantly associated with miR-204-5p expression. PIK3CB, a major regulator of PI3K/Akt pathway, was a direct target for miR-204-5p, and the association between PIK3CB-related PI3K/Akt signaling and miR-204-5p was most evident in the basal subtype. The sensitivity of breast cancer cells to various anticancer drugs including PIK3CB inhibitors was significantly affected by miR-204-5p expression. In addition, miR-204-5p regulated expression of key cytokines in tumor cells and reprogrammed the immune microenvironment by shifting myeloid and lymphocyte populations. These data demonstrate both cell-autonomous and non-cell–autonomous impacts of tumor suppressor miR-204-5p in breast cancer progression and metastasis.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling by miR-204-5p suppresses tumor metastasis and immune cell reprogramming in breast cancer.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is a Mechanism of ALK Inhibitor Resistance in Lung Cancer Independent of ALK Mutation Status
Authors: Fukuda Koji , Takeuchi Shinji , Arai Sachiko , Katayama Ryohei , Nanjo Shigeki , Tanimoto Azusa , Nishiyama Akihiro , Nakagawa Takayuki , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Suzuki Takeshi , Yamada Tadaaki , Nishihara Hiroshi , Ninomiya Hironori , Ishikawa Yuichi , Baba Satoko , Takeuchi Kengo , Horiike Atsushi , Yanagitani Noriko , Nishio Makoto , Yano Seiji 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Mutations in the ALK gene are detectable in approximately 40% of ALK-rearranged lung cancers resistant to ALK inhibitors. Although epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism of resistance to various targeted drugs, its involvement in ALK inhibitor resistance is largely unknown. In this study, we report that both ALK-mutant L1196M and EMT were concomitantly detected in a single crizotinib-resistant lesion in a patient with ALK-rearranged lung cancer. Digital PCR analyses combined with microdissection after IHC staining for EMT markers revealed that ALK L1196M was predominantly detected in epithelial-type tumor cells, indicating that mesenchymal phenotype and ALK mutation can coexist as independent mechanisms underlying ALK inhibitor–resistant cancers. Preclinical experiments with crizotinib-resistant lung cancer cells showed that EMT associated with decreased expression of miR-200c and increased expression of ZEB1 caused cross-resistance to new-generation ALK inhibitors alectinib, ceritinib, and lorlatinib. Pretreatment with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor quisinostat overcame this resistance by reverting EMT in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate that HDAC inhibitor pretreatment followed by a new ALK inhibitor may be useful to circumvent resistance constituted by coexistence of resistance mutations and EMT in the heterogeneous tumor.

Significance:
These findings show that dual inhibition of HDAC and ALK receptor tyrosine kinase activities provides a means to circumvent crizotinib resistance in lung cancer.
Two Birds with One Stone: Therapeutic Targeting of IL1α Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and the Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Ling Jianhua , Chiao Paul J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Biffi and colleagues report that IL1 signaling cascades resulted in JAK/STAT activation and promoted an inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast (iCAF) state, which contributed to the establishment of distinct fibroblast niches in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment to support the growth of PDAC cells. Furthermore, the investigators demonstrated that TGFβ signaling inhibited IL1R1 expression, antagonized IL1α responses, and promoted differentiation of CAFs into myofibroblasts; thus, IL1α signaling is an important therapeutic target for both PDAC cells and the iCAFs in the tumor microenvironment.
See related article by Biffi et al. p. 282.
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS BROWNING OF COCONUT ENDOSPERM CULTURE IN VITRO
Authors: SUKAMTO* LAZARUS AGUS 
Published: February 2019

The possibility of physiological age and growth regulators affecting callus browning of coconut endosperm was investigated. Solid endosperm explants of four coconut fruits from same brunches of two coconut cultivars â€œSamoan Dwarfâ€ were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) formula with addition of 10 mg l-1 putresine, 2.50 g l-1 activated charcoal (AC), 1.70 g l-1 phytagel, 0, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram) Â combined with 10-5M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Callogenesis occurred on 98.83% of explants. Â Callus browning between different physiological ages (antipodal and micropylar tissues) of coconut endosperm at Â 9, 26 and 31 weeks of culture (WOC) was significantly different, but not at 16 and 21 WOC. Auxins of 2,4-D and Picloram did not affect significantly callus browning of endosperm cultures. Auxin doses at 10-6, 10-5, and 10-4M decreased significantly callus browning at 9 and 16 WOC, respectively, Â but at 10-6M Â browning was less significant compared to Â other doses at Â 21 WOC. Auxin dose at 10-3 M caused Â less significant Â browning compared to Â other doses at Â 31 WOC. The addition of BA decreased significantly callus browning at Â 9 WOC , but did not affect callus browning thereafter.
Key words: Coconut, in vitro, Picloram, 2,4-D, BA
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Early and Late Leaflet Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Yanagisawa Ryo , Tanaka Makoto , Yashima Fumiaki , Arai Takahide , Jinzaki Masahiro , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Watanabe Yusuke , Naganuma Toru , Higashimori Akihiro , Mizutani Kazuki , Araki Motoharu , Tada Norio , Yamanaka Futoshi , Otsuka Toshiaki , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The occurrence and clinical impact of untreated subclinical leaflet thrombosis beyond 1 year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement still remain unclear.

Methods and Results:

In a multicenter transcatheter aortic valve replacement registry, we analyzed data from 485 patients who underwent 4-dimensional multidetector computed tomography posttranscatheter aortic valve replacement performed to survey hypoattenuated leaflet thickening with reduced leaflet motion compatible with thrombus at a median of 3 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years. Incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of early (median 3 days) and late (>30 days) leaflet thrombosis were assessed. Additional anticoagulation was not administered because of subclinical findings at the time of computed tomography in all patients. Early leaflet thrombosis occurred in 45 (9.3%) of 485 patients. Mean pressure gradient at discharge was higher in patients with early leaflet thrombosis than in those without. Independent predictors of early leaflet thrombosis in balloon-expandable prostheses were low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis, severe prosthesis-patient mismatch, and 29-mm prostheses. No predictors could be identified for self-expanding prosthesis. Cumulative event rates of death, stroke, or rehospitalization for heart failure over 2 years were 10.7% and 16.9% in patients with and without early leaflet thrombosis, respectively (
P
=0.63). Late leaflet thrombosis occurred late up to 3 years, and male sex and paravalvular leak less than mild were independent predictors.

Conclusions:
Untreated early leaflet thrombosis did not affect the cumulative event rates of death, stroke, and rehospitalization for heart failure. Late leaflet thrombosis was newly detected during 3-year follow-up.
Behavioural and hormonal changes during group formation by male chimpanzees
Authors: Kutsukake Nobuyuki , Teramoto Migaku , Honma Seijiro , Mori Yusuke , Ikeda Koki , Yamamoto Rain , Ishida Takafumi , Hasegawa Toshikazu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Group housing of socially-deprived individuals facilitates welfare and socialisation of primates. Here, we studied behavioural and hormonal changes in the course of group formation among nine male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Aggression, reassurance, and grooming were observed in various dyads during group formation. The pattern of fluctuations in salivary cortisol level changed through the process of group formation, with particularly high cortisol levels immediately after group interactions relative to other sampling timings during group formation. Salivary testosterone levels were unaffected by the process of group formation or sampling time. These results suggested that a combination of behavioural observation and hormonal analyses is a powerful approach to assess the impact of group formation.
Jubilees and Hellenistic Encyclopaedism
Authors: Hartog Pieter B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe final form of the book of Jubilees is commonly dated to the Hellenistic period. It may come as no surprise, therefore, that various parallels between Jubilees and Greek scholarship have been discovered. Yet scholars remain divided on Jubilees’ attitude towards Greek culture. In this article, I argue that Jubilees is fully conversant with global intellectual developments in the Hellenistic period and exhibits a type of encyclopaedic rhetoric similar to non-Jewish scholarly writings from this period. At the same time, Jubilees exhibits a local outlook, as it emphasises the timelessness and distinctiveness of the Jewish nation and its laws. Hence, the book must be understood as a “glocal” work, in which global and local trends merge and are intricately intertwined.