bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding flow enhancement in graphene‐coated nanochannels
Authors: Jin Yakang , Tao Ran , Li Zhigang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, we investigate pressure‐driven water flows in graphene‐coated copper nanochannels through molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the flow rate in bare copper nanochannel can be significantly enhanced by a factor of 45 when the nanochannel is coated with monolayer graphene. The enhancement factor for the flow rate reaches about 90 when the nanochannel is modified with 3 or more graphene layers. The dipole relaxation time and the hydrogen bond lifetime of interfacial water molecules show that the graphene coating promotes the mobility of water molecules at the interface. The distribution of the potential of mean force and the free energy barriers also confirm that graphene coating reduces the flow resistance and 3 layers of graphene can fully screen the surface effects. The results in this work provide important information for the design of graphene‐based nanofluidic systems for flow enhancement.
Depositional history and provenance of cratonic “Purana” basins in southern India: A multipronged geochronology approach to the Proterozoic Kaladgi and Bhima basins
Authors: Joy Sojen , Patranabis‐Deb Sarbani , Saha Dilip , Jelsma Hielke , Maas Roland , Söderlund Ulf , Tappe Sebastian , van der Linde Gert , Banerjee Amlan , Krishnan Unni 
Published: December 2018

Peninsular India is a collage of Archaean cratonic domains separated by Proterozoic mobile belts. A number of cratonic basins, known as “Purana basins” in the Indian literature, formed in different parts of the Indian Peninsula during extensional tectonic events, from Paleoproterozoic through Neoproterozoic times. In this contribution, we present a diversity of new geochronological data for different units within the Kaladgi and the Bhima basins, which overlie the western and eastern Dharwar cratons, respectively. The new geochronology data are discussed in terms of depositional history and provenance of these poorly understood Proterozoic intracratonic basins. For the Kaladgi Group, a U–Pb baddeleyite age of 1,861 ± 4 Ma obtained for a dolerite dyke intruding the Yendigere Formation is used to constrain the minimum age of deposition of the lower Kaladgi Group. This result demonstrates that this part of the succession is comparable in age to the Papaghni Group of the Cuddapah Basin, heralding onset of Purana sedimentation at ~1,900 Ma. The detrital zircon populations from the clastic rocks of the Kaladgi and Bhima basins show unique and distinct age patterns indicating different source of sediments for these two basins. Palaeocurrent analysis indicates a change in provenance from south or southeast to west or northwest between the Kaladgi and Bhima clastic sedimentation. New U–Th–Pb and Rb–Sr radiometric dates of limestones and glauconite‐bearing sandstones of the Bhima Group (Bhima Basin) and the Badami Group (Kaladgi Basin) indicate deposition at around 800–900 Ma, suggesting contemporaneity for the two successions. Thus, the unconformity between the Kaladgi Group and the overlying Badami Group represents a time gap of up to 1,000 Myr. These new results demonstrate the complex multistage burial and unroofing history of the Archaean Dharwar Craton throughout the Proterozoic, with important implications for exploration of metal deposits and diamonds in Peninsular India.
fMRI evidence of aberrant neural adaptation for objects in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Lee Junghee , Reavis Eric A. , Engel Stephen A. , Altshuler Lori L. , Cohen Mark S. , Glahn David C. , Nuechterlein Keith H. , Wynn Jonathan K. , Green Michael F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation (also known as fMRI repetition suppression) has been widely used to characterize stimulus selectivity in vivo, a fundamental feature of neuronal processing in the brain. We investigated whether SZ patients and BD patients show aberrant fMRI adaptation for object perception. About 52 SZ patients, 55 BD patients, and 53 community controls completed an object discrimination task with three conditions: the same object presented twice, two exemplars from the same category, and two exemplars from different categories. We also administered two functional localizer tasks. A region of interest analysis was employed to evaluate a priori hypotheses about the lateral occipital complex (LOC) and early visual cortex (EVC). An exploratory whole brain analysis was also conducted. In the LOC and EVC, controls showed the expected reduced fMRI responses to repeated presentation of the same objects compared with different objects (i.e., fMRI adaptation for objects, p < .001). SZ patients showed an adaptation effect that was significantly smaller compared with controls. BD patients showed a lack of fMRI adaptation. The whole brain analyses showed enhanced fMRI responses to repeated presentation of the same objects only in BD patients in several brain regions including anterior cingulate cortex. This study was the first to employ fMRI adaptation for objects in SZ and BD. The current findings provide empirical evidence of aberrant fMRI adaptation in the visual cortex in SZ and BD, but in distinctly different ways.
Early life predictors of callous‐unemotional and psychopathic traits
Authors: Glenn Andrea L. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPsychopathy is a disorder that occurs primarily in males. Offenders with psychopathic traits are responsible for a disproportionate amount of crime in society, particularly violent crime. Early childhood is a time when individual differences in empathy and guilt—key indicators of the construct of psychopathy—are first evident. A growing number of longitudinal studies have begun to investigate how factors in infancy and early childhood predict psychopathic‐like traits in later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. These studies have suggested that parenting styles during infancy (parental sensitivity, maternal harsh intrusion, commenting on the emotional state of the child) as well as attachment styles are predictive of later psychopathic‐like traits. In addition, child characteristics such as temperament and the functioning of biological systems such as the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are predictive. Overall, studies have suggested that at least some of the origins of psychopathic traits are present in infancy and early childhood, which is consistent with the perspective of psychopathy as a neurodevelopmental disorder. A recent evolutionary‐developmental model provides hypotheses regarding how psychopathy may develop and why it is more common in males than females. This model, and its implications for intervention, is discussed in the context of the longitudinal studies that have been conducted on psychopathy.
A developmental origins perspective on the emergence of violent behavior in males with prenatal substance exposure
Authors: Terrell Sarah , Conradt Elisabeth , Dansereau Lynne , Lagasse Linda , Lester Barry 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTChildren with prenatal substance exposure are at increased risk for externalizing behavior problems and violence. However, the contribution of early life experiences for placing these individuals at risk is not well understood. Utilizing a sample of 1,388 children with prenatal substance exposure from the Maternal Lifestyle Study, we attempt to shed light on these contributing factors by examining the impact of infant temperament, maternal sensitivity, and early life stress on the expression of violent behavior at ages 12 through 14 years. Males may be more at risk for increases in violent behavior in early adolescence through a number of early life experiences, such as variability in responses to maternal flexibility and engagement related to individual differences in temperament, as well as exposure to early adversity. Comparing two prevailing developmental theoretical frameworks, deficit models and differential susceptibility, we aim to understand the developmental origins of violent behavior in males by identifying children who may be most susceptible to early caregiving experiences.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of E6011, a Novel Humanized Antifractalkine (CX3CL1) Monoclonal Antibody: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Single‐Ascending‐Dose Study
Authors: Tabuchi Hiroko , Katsurabara Toshinori , Mori Masahiko , Aoyama Muneo , Obara Takashi , Yasuda Nobuyuki , Kawano Tetsu , Imai Toshio , Ieiri Ichiro , Kumagai Yuji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractE6011 is a novel humanized antifractalkine (FKN) monoclonal antibody being developed as a therapeutic target for Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary biliary cholangitis. This study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled single‐ascending‐dose study of intravenous administration of E6011 (0.0006‐10 mg/kg) in healthy Japanese adult men (n = 64). The starting dose was the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL). MABEL was estimated by extrapolating results of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model relating E6011 exposure and suppression of free soluble FKN using data obtained from cynomolgus monkeys. Safety assessments consisted of monitoring and recording adverse events, laboratory tests, vital signs, intensive electrocardiograms, and chest x‐rays. Blood samples to determine PK, PD (serum total FKN concentration), and serum anti‐E6011 antibody were collected. Noncompartmental analysis was used to derive PK parameters. Single intravenous infusions of E6011 were safe and well tolerated in healthy subjects. Serum E6011 concentrations showed triphasic elimination. An increase in serum total FKN concentration was observed, confirming target engagement. The dose strategy for patient studies is to select regimens that will attain a minimum serum E6011 exposure of 10 μg/mL, identified as the minimum concentration needed to saturate the target‐mediated elimination pathway. Model‐based drug development from preclinical stage was successful in identifying dose regimens for clinical testing.
Ultrastructural analysis of cell wall of drug resistant and sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from cerebrospinal fluid by transmission electron microscope
Authors: Kumar Kavitha , Sagar B. K. Chandrasekhar , Giribhattanavar Prashant , Patil Shripad A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrug‐resistant tuberculosis is being increasingly recognized and is one among the leading cause of death worldwide. Remarkable impermeability of cell wall to antituberculous drugs protects the mycobacteria from drug action. The present study analyzed the cell wall thickness among first‐line drug resistant and sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolated from cerebrospinal fluid by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average thickness of the cell wall of sensitive isolates was 13.60 ± 0.98 nm. The maximum difference (26.48%) in the cell wall thickness was seen among multi‐drug resistant (18.50 ± 1.71 nm) isolates and the least difference (4.14%) was shown by streptomycin‐resistant (14.18 ± 1.38 nm) isolates. The ultrastructural study showed evident differences in the cell wall thickness among sensitive and resistant isolates. Preliminary TEM examination of cells indicates that morphological changes occur in the cell wall which might be attributed to the drug resistance. The thickened wall of Mtb appears to help the bacilli to overcome the action of antituberculous drugs.
Using multiple microscopic techniques for the comparative systematic of Spergula fallax and Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Ullah Fazal , Zaman Wajid , Papini Alessio , Zafar Muhammad , Shah Syed Nasar , Ahmad Mushtaq , Saqib Saddam , Gul Saba , Sohail Aamir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, comparative morphology, foliar anatomy and palynology of Spergula fallax and Spergula arvensis (Caryophyllaceae) were studied using multiple microscopic techniques. Genus Spergula includes worldwide five species, while in Flora of Pakistan the genus has two species. In this research, the comparative morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters of the two Pakistani Spergula species were studied. We examined some distinguishing morphological features, in both species, such as plant size, habitat, leaf morphological characters, inflorescences, flowers outer whorls, sepals and petals, and flowers number. These characters species were studied analyzing their comparative systematic significant. The foliar anatomical features also provided distinctive characters as the epidermal cell shape, the wall of the epidermal cell, lobes per cell. The differences in quantitative characters were also examined. The palynological characters showed difference in echini arrangement, echini density, and numbers of pore. Quantitative characters were variations in size of polar, equatorial, exine thickness, pore length, and width and P/E ratio. The multiple microscopic techniques provided sufficient evidence about the systematics of the genus Spergula. Based on morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters, analytical keys were developed for the identification and distinction of the species S. fallax and S. arvensis.
Comparison of the efficacies of two different fiber post‐removal systems: A micro‐computed tomography study
Authors: Arukaslan Göze , Aydemir Seda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacies of two different fiber post‐removal systems. Thirty extracted single‐rooted mandibular premolar teeth were used. After RelyX fiber posts were cemented, the teeth were divided into two groups with regard to the post removal techniques: ultrasonic vibration and D.T. Light‐Post removal kit. Residual material, tooth volume changes, working time and micro‐crack formation were assessed using micro‐computed tomography. All data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank and Mann–Whitney U tests. There was significantly more tooth root volume change in the ultrasonic group than removal kit group (p < .05). Fiber post removal time for the ultrasonic group was significantly longer than the removal kit group (p < .01).
Prospective respiratory triggering improves high‐resolution brachial plexus MRI quality
Authors: Sneag Darryl B. , Mendapara Parrykumar , Zhu Jacqui C. , Lee Susan C. , Lin Bin , Curlin Jahnavi , Bogner Eric A. , Fung Maggie 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundOblique sagittal MRI sequences, orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the brachial plexus, can reliably depict morphologic and signal abnormalities. However, nerve visualization may be obscured by ghosting artifact from periodic respiratory motion. Respiratory triggering (RT) with a thoracoabdominal bellows can reduce ghosting artifact, but it is not routinely used for brachial plexus MRI. Furthermore, the efficacy of prospective RT for brachial plexus imaging has not yet been reported.PurposeTo compare brachial plexus MRI sequences acquired with and without respiratory triggering.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsFive volunteers and 20 patients were included. Each subject was imaged with and without RT during the same session.Field Strength/SequenceProton density or T2‐weighted Dixon fat suppressed sequences were obtained at 3.0T using receive‐only 16‐channel flexible array coils.AssessmentThree musculoskeletal radiologists blindly evaluated each sequence using subjective scoring criteria for ghosting artifact, nerve conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence. Nerve conspicuity scores at three distinct plexus levels were summed to calculate an overall image quality score.Statistical TestsMarginal proportional odds logistic regression models were used to compare all scores between RT and non‐RT. Gwet's agreement coefficient was used to assess interobserver and intraobserver reliability.ResultsMean scan time per sequence increased from 4:25 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI], 4:02–4:49 min) with non‐RT to 6:09 minutes (95% CI, 5:42–6:35 min) with RT. RT reduced ghosting artifact (odds ratio [OR] = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.46, P < 0.001), improved overall image quality (OR = 4.88, 95% CI: 2.18–10.95, P < 0.001), and increased diagnostic confidence (OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.61–8.63, P = 0.002) for all readers. Interobserver agreement for ghosting artifact and image quality was substantial to almost perfect (AC2 = 0.74–0.85). Interobserver agreement for all other scores was moderate to almost perfect (AC2 = 0.61–0.82). Intraobserver agreement was substantial to almost perfect for all parameters (AC2 = 0.76–1.0).Data ConclusionProspective RT with bellows can effectively minimize ghosting artifact and improve image quality for brachial plexus MRI within clinically optimal acquisition times.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Coupling finite elements and auxiliary sources for Maxwell's equations
Authors: Casati Daniele , Hiptmair Ralf , Smajic Jasmin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Multiple Multipole Program is a Trefftz method approximating the electromagnetic field in a domain filled with a homogeneous linear medium. MMP can easily handle unbounded domains; yet, it cannot accommodate inhomogeneous or nonlinear materials, situations well within the scope of the standard finite element method. We propose to couple FEM and MMP to model Maxwell's equations for materials with spatially varying properties in an unbounded domain. In some bounded parts of the domain, we use Nédélec's first family of curl‐conforming elements; in the unbounded complement, multipole expansions. Several approaches are developed to couple both discretizations across the common interface:

Least‐squares–based coupling using techniques from PDE‐constrained optimization.
Multifield variational formulation in the spirit of mortar finite element methods.
Discontinuous Galerkin coupling between the FEM mesh and the single‐entity MMP subdomain.
Coupling by tangential components traces.
We study the convergence of these approaches in a series of numerical experiments.
Neurons rely on glucose rather than astrocytic lactate during stimulation
Authors: Díaz‐García Carlos Manlio , Yellen Gary 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBrain metabolism increases during stimulation, but this increase does not affect all energy metabolism equally. Briefly after stimulation, there is a local increase in cerebral blood flow and in glucose uptake, but a smaller increase in oxygen uptake. This indicates that temporarily the rate of glycolysis is faster than the rate of oxidative metabolism, with a corresponding temporary increase in lactate production. This minireview discusses the long‐standing controversy about which cell type, neurons or astrocytes, are involved in this increased aerobic glycolysis. Recent biosensor studies measuring metabolic changes in neurons, in acute brain slices or in vivo, are placed in the context of other data bearing on this question. The most direct measurements indicate that, although both neurons and astrocytes may increase glycolysis after stimulation, neurons do not rely on import of astrocytic‐produced lactate, and instead they increase their own glycolytic rate and become net exporters of lactate. This temporary increase in neuronal glycolysis may provide rapid energy to meet the acute energy demands of neurons.
Innovation for sustainability
Authors: Phillips Fred 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSustainable development requires new planning methods that acknowledge many kinds of risks. There is a mismatch between the nature and imperatives of innovation on the one hand, and the prospects of reaching the UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), on the other. This conceptual note clarifies the connections among innovation, risk, and sustainability, focusing especially on the urgencies of environmental sustainability. It argues that new methods of planning are a precondition of SDGs success, as it is reform of entrepreneurship practices. It notes promising methodological directions.
Polysomnography outcomes in children with small tonsils undergoing drug‐induced sleep endoscopy–directed surgery
Authors: Miller Craig , Kirkham Erin , Ma Cheng‐Cheng , Filipek Natalia , Horn David L. , Johnson Kaalan , Chen Maida L. , Parikh Sanjay R. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe optimal surgical treatment to improve sleep apnea in children with small tonsils is not known. Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) may be useful in selecting effective surgical procedures for this patient population. This study compared polysomnography (PSG) measures before and after DISE‐directed surgery in children with small tonsils. We hypothesize that DISE‐directed surgery improves PSG measures in children with small tonsils. We also aimed to identify the most common surgery performed in this population.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of subjects who underwent DISE at a single pediatric tertiary care center over a 6‐year period. Inclusion criteria were 1+ tonsils and PSG performed before and after DISE‐directed surgery. Exclusion criteria were previous tonsillectomy and tonsils score 2+ or greater. Pre‐ and postoperative PSG parameters were compared using paired t tests.ResultsAverage age was 7 ± 4 years old at the time of surgery. The most common DISE‐directed intervention was supraglottoplasty (n = 23). DISE‐directed surgery significantly improved mean apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) from 14.4 to 8.0 (P = .02). Although improvements were seen in mean obstructive AHI (12.5 to 5.5), O2 nadir (87.0 to 88.3), and ODI (10.6 to 5.8), these measures did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsDISE‐directed surgery significantly improves AHI in children with small tonsils. The most common intervention performed on these children was supraglottoplasty. Interestingly, adenotonsillectomy was rarely performed in this cohort. Additionally, supraglottic collapse, prompting supraglottoplasty, is difficult to accurately assess in an awake child, supporting use of a DISE‐directed approach in this patient population.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:2771–2774, 2019
Efficacy of noninvasive multisource radiofrequency treatment on periorbital rhytids using an imaging device
Authors: Al‐Muriesh Maher , Zhang Xingping , Wang Qing , Huang Changzheng , An Xiangjie 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the multisource radiofrequency in periorbital wrinkles treatment using a VISIA imager.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study involving 30 sites in 15 patients. Inclusion criteria: healthy subjects with periorbital wrinkles. Patients underwent five treatment sessions for each site using multisource radiofrequency. VISIA imager was used before and after each treatment, and in 12‐week follow‐up. The wrinkle scores were calculated and compared between baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. Changing in periorbital wrinkles were evaluated by blinded dermatologist using a scale of 0–3. After the study, patients rated their satisfaction using a scale of 0–3. The study protocol was approved by our institutional human research review committee, according to the ethics guideline of Helsinki (1975).ResultsThe effect of treatment on subjects on follow‐up compared to baseline showed a highly significant difference with P‐values <0.05. Only two patients had no improvement according to blind dermatologist assessment of photographs. Thirteen patients reported satisfaction scale between 1 and 3.ConclusionsThe multisource radiofrequency is safe and effective in reducing periorbital rhytids, and with the help of VISIA imager we can get more objective data to evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency treatment on the periorbital areas. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:251–255, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.