bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actuation of adaptive liquid microlens droplet in microfluidic devices: A review
Authors: Zhu Gui‐Ping , Yao Jia‐Feng , Wu Shi‐Hua , Zhang Xi‐Dong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA significant growth of research on adaptive liquid lens is achieved over the past decades, and the field is still attracting increasing attentions, focusing on the transition from the current stage to the commercialized stage. The challenges faced are not limited to fabrication, material, small tuning range in focal lengths, additional control systems, limitations in special actuation methods and so on. In addition, the use of external driving parts or systems induce extra problem on bulky appearance, high cost, low reliability etc. Therefore, adaptive liquid lens will be an interesting research focus in both microfluidics and optofluidics science. This review attempts to summarize and focus on the droplet profile deformation under different driving mechanisms in tunable liquid microlens as well as the application in cameras, cell phone and so on. The driving techniques are generally categorized in terms of mechanisms and driving sources.
Proximate analysis of cold‐press oil cakes after biological treatment with Trametes versicolor and Humicola grisea
Authors: Budžaki Sandra , Strelec Ivica , Krnić Mija , Alilović Kristina , Tišma Marina , Zelić Bruno 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn order to increase the current knowledge on cold‐press oil cakes composition, the present study aims to determine the chemical composition of oil cakes from hull‐less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), and hemp (Canabis sativa L.) before and after the biological treatment with Trametes versicolor and Humicola grisea using fungal‐based solid‐state technology. After 10 days of treatment, the content of ash, total nitrogen, total proteins, and total organic carbon increased in all the three oil cakes, while the content of ether extracts decreased. After treatment, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates decreased in pumpkin and hemp seed oil cakes, whereas it increased in flaxseed oil cake. During treatment with T. versicolor, the content of fructose significantly increased in hull‐less pumpkin seed oil cake. Fiber content decreased in pumpkin and flaxseed oil cakes after treatment with both of the fungi, whereas it increased in flaxseed oil cake.
Sonographically Guided Office Endometrial Sampling: Indications and Results
Authors: Dua Anoushka , Egan Susan , Balica Adrian 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify clinical indications in which endometrial sampling was performed under transabdominal ultrasound (US) guidance and to evaluate the outcomes of this approach in an academic practice.MethodsWe retrieved data from the electronic medical record for all patients referred to the gynecologic US unit for transabdominal US‐guided endometrial sampling from January 2011 to June 2017. Data retrieved included age, parity, previous cesarean delivery or pelvic surgery, indication for endometrial biopsy, US abnormalities, clinical reasoning for US‐guided sampling, and pathologic reports.ResultsA total of 113 patients were referred for US‐guided sampling between January 2011 and June 2017. We identified the following reasons for US‐guided biopsy referral: failed blind biopsy attempt, fibroids, uterine position or anomaly, need for targeted sampling, cervical stenosis, and other indications. Ninety‐five of the 113 patients (84%) underwent successful US‐guided endometrial sampling. Forty of the 113 patients were referred after a failed blind biopsy, with 83% subsequently undergoing successful US‐guided endometrial sampling. Of the 30 patients referred for fibroids, 29 (97%) underwent successful US‐guided sampling. High success rates were also noted for transabdominal US guidance referrals for the uterine position or anomaly (86%) and the need for targeted sampling (83%).ConclusionsOur results suggest that endometrial sampling performed under US guidance could be considered for patients with a failed blind approach, fibroids, uterine anomalies, and interest in targeted sampling. In such cases, US‐guided sampling could be considered before surgical options.
Prevalence and Scope of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Education in Internal Medicine, Pediatric, and Medicine‐Pediatric Residency Programs in the United States
Authors: Reaume Michael , Siuba Matthew , Wagner Michael , Woodwyk Alyssa , Melgar Thomas A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and scope of point‐of‐care ultrasound (US) education in internal medicine, pediatric, and medicine‐pediatric residency programs nationwide.MethodsProgram directors were surveyed between January and June 2016 with a 15‐item online questionnaire to assess the state of point‐of‐care US training in their programs. The survey aimed to identify whether programs had an established point‐of‐care US curriculum and, if not, what reasons may have existed for a lack of point‐of‐care US training in their programs.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 685 program directors, and the response rate was 19.2%. Only 31.5% of respondents reported having a formal point‐of‐care US curriculum in their program, and in 12.4% of programs, there was no US training at all. The presence of point‐of‐care US training as reported by internal medicine (n = 64) and medicine‐pediatric (n = 24) respondents showed formal point‐of‐care US curriculum rates of 37.5% and 43.5%, respectively. Pediatric programs (n = 24) reported limited point‐of‐care US training, with formal curriculum in only 12.4% of programs and 27.3% having no point‐of‐care US training at all. The most common reasons for lack of a point‐of‐care US curriculum among program directors were lack of trained faculty/instructors (70.4%), lack of guidelines/standards by governing societies (44.4%), and lack of the necessary technology (33.3%).ConclusionsLess than half of residents with internal medicine training will have trained at a program with a point‐of‐care US curriculum, and point‐of‐care US training in pediatrics is even more limited. The major reason for the lack of point‐of‐care US education is a lack of trained faculty or instructors.
Summer Assemblages and Biodiversity of Larval Fish Associated with Hydrography in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Chen Lu-Chi , Lan Kuo-Wei , Chang Yi , Chen Wen-Yu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between larval fish assemblages and the environmental factors in the northern South China Sea based on data collected during summertime. Shipboard measurements (Ocean Researcher 1 [cruise CR866], Fishery Researcher 1 [cruise FR1-2008-07-03]) of temperature and salinity profiles were obtained with a conductivity–temperature–depth profiler, and ichthyoplankton was collected with an Ocean Research Institute net. In total, 3,476 larval fishes and 188 taxa representing 80 families were identified. Myctophidae was the most common and abundant taxon in this area. The CPUE (individuals/1,000 m3) of fish larvae differed among sampling stations, with greater abundances at the shallower stations than at the deeper stations, and the species biodiversity at each station also varied. The results of grouping revealed that the spatial distribution of larval fish was divided into a shelf-based group and a pelagic-based group; these two groups were bounded by the 200-m isobath. Abundance of some larval fish was related to environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a concentration, and mixing layer depth. These results indicated that the larvae of some species were more affected by natural environmental characteristics than by internal biological properties.
Multiple‐point magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging
Authors: Odéen Henrik , de Bever Joshua , Hofstetter Lorne W. , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo implement and evaluate an efficient multiple‐point MR acoustic radiation force imaging pulse sequence that can volumetrically measure tissue displacement and evaluate tissue stiffness using focused ultrasound (FUS) radiation force.MethodsBipolar motion‐encoding gradients were added to a gradient‐recalled echo segmented EPI pulse sequence with both 2D and 3D acquisition modes. Multiple FUS‐ON images (FUS power > 0 W) were interleaved with a single FUS‐OFF image (FUS power = 0 W) on the TR level, enabling simultaneous measurements of volumetric tissue displacement (by complex subtraction of the FUS‐OFF image from the FUS‐ON images) and proton resonance frequency shift MR thermometry (from the OFF image). Efficiency improvements included partial Fourier acquisition, parallel imaging, and encoding up to 4 different displacement positions into a single image. Experiments were performed in homogenous and dual‐stiffness phantoms, and in ex vivo porcine brain.ResultsIn phantoms, 16‐point multiple‐point magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging maps could be acquired in 5 s to 10 s for a 2D slice, and 60 s for a 3D volume, using parallel imaging and encoding 2 displacement positions/image. In ex vivo porcine brain, 16‐point multiple‐point magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging maps could be acquired in 20 s for a 3D volume, using partial Fourier and parallel imaging and encoding 4 displacement positions/image. In 1 experiment it was observed that tissue displacement in ex vivo brain decreased by approximately 22% following FUS ablation.ConclusionWith the described efficiency improvements it is possible to acquire volumetric multiple‐point magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging maps, with simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift MR thermometry maps, in clinically acceptable times.
Effects of posttreatment on the properties of modified PLLA/PDLA fibers
Authors: Tu Chao , Cao Xing , Zhang Run‐dong , Wang Da‐wei , Cui Li 
Published: September 2018

Poly(L‐lactic acid)/poly(D‐lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) blended with plasticizer poly(ethylene glycol) and nucleation agent TMC‐306 as‐spun fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The posttreatment was applied by hot drawing at 70°C and then heat‐treating at different temperatures for 30 minutes. In the process of hot drawing, orientation induced the further formation of the sc crystals and increased the degree of crystallinity of drawn fibers. When the hot drawing ratio reached 3 times, the properties of the fibers were relatively better. The highly oriented fibers containing pure sc crystals with high crystallinity were obtained by heat‐treating at a temperature above the melting point of α crystals. The posttreated PLLA/PDLA fibers with poly(ethylene glycol) and TMC‐306 (LDTP) obtained by hot drawing to 3 times at 70°C and then annealing at 170°C for 30 minutes exhibited the best antioxidative degradation and heat resistance properties. The initial decomposition temperature (T5%) and heat resistance of posttreated LDTP fiber were about 94°C and 20°C higher than those of the commercial PLLA fiber, respectively.
A new method for frequency constrained structural optimization of tall buildings under wind loads
Authors: Fu Ji‐Yang , Wu Ben‐Gang , Xu An , Wu Jiu‐Rong , Pi Yong‐Lin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTall buildings are usually sensitive to wind loads, and effective and accurate methods for the wind‐resistant structural optimal design of tall buildings have become a widely concerned problem. Conventionally, the frequency constraint for the structural optimal design of a tall building is formulated through the strain energy method, and with the objective functions and constraint functions being established, the structural optimization problem is mathematically modeled, and the corresponding solution is solved using the optimal criteria (OC) method. This procedure has two disadvantages. First, the strain energy usually does not consider the gradient of the structural internal forces to the design variables, and so the computed sensitivity of the frequency constraint is inaccurate. Second, in the OC method, the Lagrangian multipliers are computed by solving a set of linear equations using the Gauss–Seidel method, which may lead to inaccurate results. To overcome these disadvantages, a new method is proposed by using an eigenvalue approach for computing the sensitivity of the frequency constraint and a quadratic programming approach for computing the Lagrangian multipliers. It is shown that the proposed new method can perform accurate wind‐resistant structural optimal design for tall buildings and make the iterations of the optimal design converge faster and more stable.
Zeitgeschichte der Humangenetik in Deutschland
Authors: Krischel Matthis , Söhner Felicitas , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Kooperation mit der und gefördert durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Humangenetik hat eine Arbeitsgruppe des Instituts für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf zu Beginn des Jahres 2017 ein Forschungsprojekt zur Geschichte der Humangenetik in Deutschland seit den 1970er-Jahren begonnen. Ein weiterer Kooperationspartner ist das Institut für Medizingeschichte und Wissenschaftsforschung der Universität zu Lübeck. Methodisch zeichnet sich die Forschung dadurch aus, dass die Erinnerungen von Zeitzeugen mithilfe der Methode der Oral History erhoben und systematisch ausgewertet werden. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die inhaltliche Ausrichtung des Projekts auf Basis des derzeitigen Forschungsstands zur Zeitgeschichte der Humangenetik in Deutschland vor. Dabei beschreiben wir die Herausforderungen des Schreibens einer Zeitgeschichte der Medizin und problematisieren die Zeitzeugenbefragung als Methode.
FANatics: Systematic literature review of factors associated with celebrity worship, and suggested directions for future research
Authors: Brooks Samantha K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA ‘culture of celebrity’ began to emerge in the twentieth century, profoundly impacting the social world. Recent years have seen the publication of an increasing wealth of literature focusing on people who are enthralled with celebrities – often to the point of obsession – termed ‘celebrity worshippers’. The current paper systematically reviews this literature to gain a comprehensive understanding of the various factors associated with celebrity worship and to identify gaps in the literature. Papers were identified through a systematic literature search and 62 were deemed relevant for inclusion in the review. These provided evidence that celebrity worship may be related to demographic factors (e.g. age); personality factors (e.g. dimensions of the psychoticism-extraversion-neuroticism model, materialism); religiosity; behavioural and cognitive-behavioural factors (e.g. fantasy proneness, obsessive behaviours); feelings about the self or the world (e.g. self-esteem); cognitive factors (e.g. cognitive flexibility, critical thinking); relationships with others (e.g. attachment style, romantic relationship style); attitudes towards the body, eating, and cosmetic surgery; and psychological wellbeing (e.g. depression, anxiety). The results are used to help researchers understand the individual and psychosocial factors associated with celebrity worship, and directions for future research in this area are identified.
Birationally Rigid Complete Intersections with a Singular Point of High Multiplicity
Authors: Pukhlikov A. V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe prove the birational rigidity of Fano complete intersections of index 1 with a singular point of high multiplicity, which can be close to the degree of the variety. In particular, the groups of birational and biregular automorphisms of these varieties are equal, and they are non-rational. The proof is based on the techniques of the method of maximal singularities, the generalized 4n2-inequality for complete intersection singularities and the technique of hypertangent divisors.
A Strong Convergence Theorem for an Iterative Method for Finding Zeros of Maximal Monotone Maps with Applications to Convex Minimization and Variational Inequality Problems
Authors: Chidume C. E. , Uba M. O. , Uzochukwu M. I. , Otubo E. E. , Idu K. O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLetEbe a uniformly convex and uniformly smooth real Banach space, and letE* be its dual. LetA : E→ 2E*be a bounded maximal monotone map. Assume thatA−1(0) ≠ Ø. A new iterative sequence is constructed which convergesstronglyto an element ofA−1(0). The theorem proved complements results obtained on strong convergence ofthe proximal point algorithmfor approximating an element ofA−1(0) (assuming existence) and also resolves an important open question. Furthermore, this result is applied to convex optimization problems and to variational inequality problems. These results are achieved by combining a theorem of Reich on the strong convergence of the resolvent of maximal monotone mappings in a uniformly smooth real Banach space and new geometric properties of uniformly convex and uniformly smooth real Banach spaces introduced by Alber, with a technique of proof which is also of independent interest.
Didymocyrtis trassiisp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi onCetraria aculeata
Authors: Khodosovtsev Alexander , Darmostuk Valeriy , Suija Ave , Ordynets Alexander 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, nine species of lichenicolous fungi were found growing onCetraria aculeata(Parmeliaceae) in a sand dune system in the Ukraine. One of them,Didymocyrtis trassii, is described here as new to science. This species is similar toD. pseudeverniaebut differs in having smaller pycnidia, smaller obpyriform to clavate conidia as well as its DNA sequence. The new monotypic lichenicolous genusKatherinomycesis described here.Acremonium lichenicolas. l.,Eonema pyriforme,Didymocyrtis cladoniicolaandLichenoconium erodensare reported for the first time onCetraria aculeata.Furthermore,E. pyriformeis reported for the first time from lichen thalli.Acremonium lichenicola,E. pyriformeandTaeniolella rolfiiare new for the mycobiota of the Ukraine. A key to the eleven known lichenicolous species onCetraria aculeatais provided.
Structural evidence of diffuse growth and parenchymatous cell division in the cortex of the umbilicate lichen Lasallia pustulata
Authors: SANDERS William B. , DE LOS RíOS Asunción 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow growth is distributed within the morphologically diverse thalli of lichens is still poorly known and the anatomical mechanisms involved are not well understood. This work applies electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) to examine cell- and tissue-level events in the umbilicate thallus of Lasallia pustulata, whose pattern of expansion was the subject of a previous field study. Stacks of epinecral tissue accumulating at the thallus surface showed broadening bases and recurring rupture attributable to diffuse expansion of the living tissue below. Cortical cells, dividing anticlinally, adjoined septa to previous septa, indicating parenchymatous divisions. These observations are all consistent with previous contentions that mature, organized tissues within the thallus are capable of continued diffuse growth. They provide a developmental explanation for the morphology of the epinecral layer and suggest that anatomical characteristics may be helpful in recognizing diffuse growth patterns. Parenchymatous cell divisions, believed until recently to never occur in lichen thallus tissues, are shown to play a developmental role in the diffuse growth of the umbilicate lichen thallus.
Localization ofαA-Crystallin in Rat Retinal Müller Glial Cells and Photoreceptors
Authors: Zayas-Santiago Astrid , Ríos David S. , Zueva Lidia V. , Inyushin Mikhail Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransparent cells in the vertebrate optical tract, such as lens fiber cells and corneal epithelium cells, have specialized proteins that somehow permit only a low level of light scattering in their cytoplasm. It has been shown that both cell types contain (1) beaded intermediate filaments as well as (2)α-crystallin globulins. It is known that genetic and chemical alterations to these specialized proteins induce cytoplasmic opaqueness and visual complications. Crystallins were described previously in the retinal Müller cells of frogs. In the present work, using immunocytochemistry, fluorescence confocal imaging, and immuno-electron microscopy, we found thatαA-crystallins are present in the cytoplasm of retinal Müller cells and in the photoreceptors of rats. Given that Müller glial cells were recently described as “living light guides” as were photoreceptors previously, we suggest thatαA-crystallins, as in other highly transparent cells, allow Müller cells and photoreceptors to minimize intraretinal scattering during retinal light transmission.
Chronic noise exposure exacerbates AD-like neuropathology in SAMP8 mice in relation to Wnt signaling in the PFC and hippocampus
Authors: Su Donghong , Li Wenlong , She Xiaojun , Chen Xuewei , Zhai Qingfeng , Cui Bo , Wang Rui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNon-genetic environmental hazards are thought to be associated with genetic susceptibility factors that increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aging and chronic noise exposure have been considered important factors in the AD. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic noise exposure on the AD-like neuropathology in the senescence-accelerated prone mouse (SAMP8) and the underlying mechanisms of such effects. We examined the consequences of AD-like neuropathology in 3-month-old SAMP8 mice using low- and high-intensity noise exposure and 8-month-old SAMP8 mice as aging positive controls. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted to examine AD-like pathological changes and potential mechanisms. Chronic noise exposure led to progressive overproduction of Aβ and increased the hyperphosphorylation of tau at Ser396, Thr205, and Thr231 sites in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in young SAMP8 mice, similar to that observed in aging SAMP8 mice. Both noise exposure and aging could cause a significant downregulation in Wnt signaling expression. These findings demonstrate that chronic noise stress exacerbated AD-like neuropathology, possibly by disrupting Wnt signaling and triggering aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ in the PFC and hippocampus.