bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of THz Radiation from Longitudinal Optical Phonon- Plasmon Coupling in p-i-n Diodes
Authors: The Nguyen P. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Terahertz radiation (THz) in infrared domain at room temperature has
many applications in science and technology, especially in the technology of analyzing and processing
image. This paper introduces a relatively simple method to investigate the Terahertz radiation
from the coupling of Longitudinal Optical (LO) phonon and coherent plasmon in p-i-n diode
structure. The frequency spectra are found from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the voltage
between two neighboring points in the insulating region of this diode. Numerical calculations have
been applied for GaAs semiconductor device with the photo-excited carrier density ranging from
17 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3 and the insulating layer size of 500 nm.

Methods:
In order to study of the coupling of LO phonon in p-i-n diode based on the EMC simulations,
the equation of density vibration is solved simultaneously with the simulation of carrier dynamics,
this is performed with spatial resolution of 1A° and time resolution of 0.20 fs . We solve
the Poisson’s equation to derive the potentials along the x-axis in both cases with and without
taking into account the coupling. The frequency spectrum derived from the FFT of the voltage of
two layers separated by a distance 10 nm in insulating layer (i).

Results:
The frequency spectrum derived from the Fourier transform of the voltage between two
neighboring points with and without LO phonon–plasmon coupling is shown. We can easily observe
the existence of the modes which are close to the frequency values of bulk semiconductor. It
should be noted that, our calculations are reasonable agreement with experiments measured by the
Ibanez et al in Phys. Rev. B 69 (7), 075314 (2004).

Conclusion:
In this paper, we present a relatively simple approach to investigate the THz radiation
from the coupling of LO phonon-plasmon in p-i-n diode structure by taking the FFT of the voltage
of two neighboring points in insulating semiconductor region. The voltage is calculated through
the electric potentials which relate to the charge density via Poisson’s equation. Numerical calculations
have been performed for GaAs semiconductor device with carrier density ranging from
17 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3. Our simulations calculations show that with appropriate photoexcited
carrier density, two strong coupling LO phonon-plasmon coherent modes are appear.
Synthesis, Characterization andin vivoEvaluation of PEGylated PPI Dendrimer for Safe and Prolonged Delivery of Insulin
Authors: Parashar Ashish K. , Patel Preeti , Gupta Arun K. , Jain Neetesh K. , Kurmi Balak Das 
Published: August 2019

Background:The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of PEGylated Poly (propyleneimine) dendrimers for the delivery of an anti-diabetic drug, insulin.Methods:For this study, 4.0G PPI dendrimer was synthesized by successive Michael addition and exhaustive amidation reactions, using ethylenediamine as the core and acrylonitrile as the propagating agent. Two different activated PEG moieties were employed for PEGylation of PPI dendrimers. Various physicochemical and physiological parameters UV, IR, NMR, TEM, DSC, drug entrapment, drug release, hemolytic toxicity and blood glucose level studies of both PEGylated and non- PEGylated dendritic systems were determined and compared.Results:PEGylation of PPI dendrimers caused increased solubilization of insulin in the dendritic framework as well as in PEG layers, reduced drug release and hemolytic toxicity as well as increased therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects of insulin. These systems were found to be suitable for sustained delivery of insulin by in vitro and blood glucose-level studies in albino rats, without producing any significant hematological disturbances.Conclusion:Thus, surface modification of PPI dendrimers with PEG molecules has been found to be a suitable approach to utilize it as a safe and effective nano-carrier for drug delivery.
Neuroprotective Effects of Medicinal Plants in Cerebral Hypoxia and Anoxia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amirzargar Nasibeh , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Yang Qian , Abbaszadeh Saber , Khaksarian Mojtaba 
Published: August 2019

Background:Hypoxia and anoxia are dangerous and sometimes irreversible complications in the central nervous system (CNS), which in some cases lead to death.Objective:The aim of this review was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of medicinal plants in cerebral hypoxia and anoxia.Methods:The word hypox*, in combination with some herbal terms such as medicinal plant, phyto* and herb*, was used to search for relevant publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and PubMed from 2000-2019.Results:Certain medicinal plants and herbal derivatives can exert their protective effects in several ways. The most important mechanisms are the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), production of NO, inhibition of both hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation, and reduction of extracellular glutamate, N-Methyl-D-aspartic and intracellular Ca (2+). In addition, they have an antioxidant activity and can adjust the expression of genes related to oxidant generation or antioxidant capacity. These plants can also inhibit lipid peroxidation, up-regulate superoxide dismutase activity and inhibit the content of malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, they also have protective effects against cytotoxicity through down-regulation of the proteins that causes apoptosis, anti-excitatory activity, inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathway, reduction of pro-apoptotic proteins, and endoplasmic reticulum stress that causes apoptosis during hypoxia, increasing anti-apoptotic protein, inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase activation, decreasing proteases activity and DNA fragmentation, and upregulation of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase.Conclusion:The results indicated that medicinal plants and their compounds mainly exert their neuroprotective effects in hypoxia via regulating proteins that are related to antioxidant, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory activities.
A Microwave Accelerated Sustainable Approach for the Synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes Catalysed by WEPPA: A Green Strategy
Authors: Hiremath Prashant B. , Kamanna Kantharaju 
Published: August 2019

Background:The agricultural wastes as a source offer an excellent alternative to replace many toxic and environmentally hazardous catalysts, due to their least toxicity, ease of biodegradability, and ability to act as a greener catalytic medium. Some of the agro-waste based catalysts reported are BFE, WERSA, WEB, and WEPBA. 2-Amino-4H-chromene derivatives are promising biologically potent heterocyclic compounds, due to their medicinal applications such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiuretic, anticoagulant and antianaphylactic activities. The present work describes a microwave accelerated, efficient, eco-friendly and economical approach for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes through condensation of substituted arylaldehyde, malononitrile and resorcinol/naphthol catalyzed water extract of pomegranate peel ash (WEPPA) under microwave irradiation. The reaction completed within 3-6 min with good to excellent yield of product isolation. The final product isolated by simple filtration and recrystallization gave a spectroscopically pure form of product and did not require further purification.Methods:The pomegranate peel ash water extract as an agro-waste derived catalyst was employed under microwave irradiation for the economical synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives.Results:The reported agro-waste based catalyst was obtained in the absence of external base, additives and solvent-free synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene using aryl aldehyde, malononitrile and resorcinol/ naphthol under microwave irradiation. WEPPA acts as a solvent media and catalyst, as it plays a dual role in the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromenes.Conclusion:We established an efficient, simple, agro-waste based catalytic approach for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives from the condensation of arylaldehyde, malononitrile and resorcinol/α-naphthol/β-naphthol employing WEPPA as an efficient catalyst under microwave synthesis. The method has found to be a greener, economic and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of chromene scaffolds. The advantages of the present approach are solvent-free, no external metal, chemical base free, short reaction time and isolated product in good to excellent yields. The catalyst is agro-waste derived, which has abundant natural sources available, thus making the present approach a greener one.
Fast Prediction of Deterioration and Death Risk in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Vital Signs and Admission History: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Mi , Chen Chuan , Peng Junfeng , Luo Ching-Hsing , Feng Ding Yun , Yang Hailing , Xie Xiaohua , Zhou Yuqi 
Published: August 2019

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has 2 courses with different options for medical treatment: the acute exacerbation phase and the stable phase. Stable patients can use the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) to guide treatment strategies. However, GOLD could not classify and guide the treatment of acute exacerbation as acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is a complex process.

Objective
This paper aimed to propose a fast severity assessment and risk prediction approach in order to strengthen monitoring and medical interventions in advance.

Methods
The proposed method uses a classification and regression tree (CART) and had been validated using the AECOPD inpatient’s medical history and first measured vital signs at admission that can be collected within minutes. We identified 552 inpatients with AECOPD from February 2011 to June 2018 retrospectively and used the classifier to predict the outcome and prognosis of this hospitalization.

Results
The overall accuracy of the proposed CART classifier was 76.2% (83/109 participants) with 95% CI 0.67-0.84. The precision, recall, and F-measure for the mild AECOPD were 76% (50/65 participants), 82% (50/61 participants), and 0.79, respectively, and those with severe AECOPD were 75% (33/44 participants), 68% (33/48 participants), and 0.72, respectively.

Conclusions
This fast prediction CART classifier for early exacerbation detection could trigger the initiation of timely treatment, thereby potentially reducing exacerbation severity and recovery time and improving the patients’ health.
Radiofrequency-Assisted Liver Resection Versus Clamp-Crush Liver Resection: Protocol for an Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: El-Koubani Osman , McCann Mark , Christmas Daniel , Khanna Aakash , von Maydell Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Background
Malignancy of the liver has historically meant a poor prognosis and remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Traditionally, hepatectomy has utilized the clamp-crush technique; however, this is associated with high incidence of postoperative complications. Many novel techniques have been developed—radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization; however, these are not applicable to numerous cases. Clamp-crush liver resection (CCLR) remains the gold standard. Radiofrequency-assisted liver resection (RFLR) is a technique that aims to reduce mortality through bloodless liver resection. A systematic review was previously performed on RFLR but the results neither recommended nor refuted the use of RFLR owing to the lack of sufficient evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at the time.

Objective
The aim of the study is the meta-analysis and systematic review of recent studies comparing RFLR against CCLR.

Methods
Articles comparing RFLR and CCLR that were published from 2014 until 2019 will be reviewed and relevant data will be extracted and statistically analyzed through Review Manager 5 (by the Cochrane Collaboration) together with the results of the previous meta-analysis.

Results
Data collection is currently underway, with papers being screened. We hope to publish the results by the end of 2019.

Conclusions
Given the high mortality rates currently associated with liver resection, it is imperative that novel surgical techniques are undertaken and investigated so we can improve best practice guidance and outcomes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/13437
La dimensión sonora de “el costumbre”. Una recorrido sinuoso en la Huasteca
Authors: Camacho Díaz Gonzalo 
Published: August 2019

Las prácticas rituales poseen un “rostro sonoro” que en varias ocasiones pasa desapercibido o es descrito tangencialmente en los estudios antropológicos. En el presente artículo se explora la dimensión sonora del sistema ritual de la región Huasteca, denominado “el costumbre”. Se muestran los diferentes complejos sígnicos que se configuran y transmiten a partir de los sonidos, que al ponerse en escena refuerzan el sentido general de cada uno de los rituales que los integran. Este estudio explora cómo la música trae a la memoria un conjunto de vivencias que se entrelazan para dar lugar a una experiencia presente, cargada de una fuerte emoción. Emotividad que hace verosímil el mundo sagrado.Abstract: Ritual practices have a “sound face” which is frequently unnoticed or is tangentially described in anthropological studies. This paper explores the sound dimension of the ritual system in the Huasteca region, called “el costumbre”. We present the different sign systems, formed and transmitted by sounds, that when staged reinforce the general meaning of each one of the included rituals. We explore how music brings to mind a collection of experiences that are interlaced in order to create a new experience, charged with strong emotion. These emotions make the sacred world plausible.Résumé : Les pratiques rituelles possèdent un « visage sonore » souvent méconnu, que les études anthropologiques n’abordent souvent qu’en passant. Cet article explore la dimension sonore du système rituel dénommé El Costumbre (« le coutume ») de la région de la Huasteca afin d’en extraire les différents complexes de signes, organisés et transmis à partir des sons, qui, une fois mis en scène, renforcent le sens général de chacun des rituels dont ils font partie. Cette étude porte sur le rôle que joue la musique pour rappeler un ensemble de vécus qui s’entremêlent pour donner naissance à l’expérience présente et à sa charge émotionnelle. Charge émotionnelle qui rend le monde sacré plausible et vraisemblable.
Un texto vivo. Formas e interacciones del libreto de pastorela (Ihuatzio y Comachuén, Michoacán)
Authors: Araiza  Hernández Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

A partir del análisis de dos casos ejemplares y de observaciones de campo en diferentes pueblos purépechas, se argumenta sobre el valor antropológico, las interacciones y usos peculiares del libreto de pastorela. El libreto se relaciona con tres manuscritos antiguos en lengua tarasca, y con los que se utilizan en otras danzas y otros rituales indígenas, donde la palabra escrita es importante –y no solamente la palabra hablada o representada en imágenes, como establecieron los estudios clásicos– para el desenvolvimiento, sentido y alcances del ritual. El corolario es una reflexión sobre el poder de un objeto –el libreto–, para desafiar distinciones binarias: objeto-sujeto, material-inmaterial, y lo que se ha esta­blecido como eficacia, causas o efectos del ritual. Abstract: Based on the analysis of two exemplary cases and on field observations in different Purépecha villages, we examine the anthropological value, interactions and peculiar uses of the Christmas play script scenario. This scenario is related to three ancient manuscripts in Tarascan language, and to those used in other dances and Indian rituals, in which the written word –and not only the spoken word or the word represented in images, as established in classic studies– is important for the development, sense, and significance of the ritual. The corollary is a reflection on the power of an object –script scenario– to challenge binary distinctions: object-subject, material-immaterial, and to prompt us to rethink what has been established as efficacy, causes or effects of the ritual as anthropological problems. Résumé : À partir de cas concrets et d’observations de terrain menées dans différents villages purépechas, cette étude aborde la valeur anthropologique, les interactions et les usages particuliers donnés au livret de pastourelle. Ce dernier est associé à trois anciens manuscrits rédigés en langue tarasque et aux autres textes utilisés dans le cadre de danses et de rituels autochtones où la parole écrite joue un rôle important – contrairement à ce qu’établissent certains classiques, la parole ne se limite pas à l’oralité ou à la représentation en images – dans le déroulement du rituel, pour son sens et sa portée. En corollaire, l’article développe une réflexion sur le pouvoir de l’objet – ici, le livret – pour interroger les distinctions binaires : objet/sujet, matériel/immatériel, et pour repenser en tant que problèmes anthropologiques ce qui avait été pris pour de l’efficacité, les causes ou les effets du rituel.
Middle class and public services in Brazil: commodity boom, economic crisis, and protests for a better public transportation system
Authors: Carvalho Andre Castro 
Published: August 2019

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o baixo nível atual de qualidade dos serviços públicos no Brasil, a fim de identificar uma relação entre a má qualidade de tais prestações e os protestos que vêm ocorrendo cada vez mais frequentemente no país. Entre outras demandas, alguns protestos foram inicialmente contra a baixa qualidade dos serviços prestados à população, especialmente o transporte público. Uma das principais razões para essa insatisfação é a recente ascensão da classe média nos países em desenvolvimento. Essa ascensão está aumentando a parcela de participação nos processos decisórios (a classe média representa cerca de metade da população brasileira), e esse engajamento está moldando novas demandas por políticas públicas mais voltadas para seus valores. A classe média tem um forte poder de consumo de bens e serviços privados: essa influência levou as empresas privadas a modelar seus produtos e serviços de acordo com suas preferências, mas os governos ainda estão oferecendo serviços de menor qualidade do que a classe média está disposta a receber. Esse descompasso leva a uma constante insatisfação pública e pode continuar a causar novas manifestações contra as atuais políticas públicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVEServiços públicos. Manifestações e multidões. Classe média. Qualidade de vida. Países em desenvolvimento.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to study the current low level of quality of public services in Brazil, in order to identify a relation between the bad quality of such provisions and the protests that have increasingly taken place in the country. Among other requests, some protests were initially against the low quality of services provided to population, especially public transportation. One main reason for this dissatisfaction is the recent rise of the middle class in developing countries. Such ascension is increasing their share of participation in the decision-making processes (the middle class represents roughly half of the population in Brazil), and this engagement is shaping new demands for public policies oriented more towards their values. The middle class has a strong power of consumption of goods and private services: this influence led private companies to model their products and services to their preferences, but governments are still delivering lower quality services than the middle class is willing to receive. This mismatch leads to constant public dissatisfaction and may continue to cause further riots against the running of current public policies. KEYWORDSPublic utilities. Riots and mobs. Middle class. Quality of life. Developing countries.
A teoria do direito natural no tempo pós-moderno
Authors: Correas Carlos I. Massini 
Published: August 2019

RESUMOAssim como em quase todas as matérias, é conveniente fazermos um pouco de história para compreendermos a situação atual da teoria do direito. No caso deste trabalho, vamos remontar apenas até a Idade moderna, pois, como bem diz Daniel Innerarity, “a filosofia contemporânea transformou-se numa reflexão sobre a modernidade”. Esquematizando muito, por razões elementares de brevidade, podemos afirmar que é possível diferenciar três traços centrais na filosofia moderna: a) perda da noção teleológica de natureza; b) aparição da concepção moderna do sujeito; c) imanentização do pensamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireito Natural. Pós-modernidade. Filosofia contemporânea. Jusnaturalismo.ABSTRACTAs in almost all disciplines, it is convenient to study a bit of history in order to understand the current status of legal theory. In the case of this paper, we will remount only until Modern Age, for, as says correctly Daniel Innerarity, “contemporary philosophy has turned itself into a reflection on modernity”. Outlining considerably, for elementary reasons of brevity, we can affirm that it is possible to discriminate three central features in modern philosophy: a) the loss of the theological notion of nature; b) the emergence of the modern conception of the subject; c) the immanentization of thought.KEYWORDSNatural Law. Post-modernity. Contemporary philosophy. Natural Law theory.
Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board Exposure Draft, Proposed International Standard on Auditing 220 (Revised): Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements
Authors: Brown Veena L. , Dennis Sean , Dickins Denise , Higgs Julia L. , Schaefer Tammie J. 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY
In February 2019, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (the Board or IAASB) issued a request for comment on its Exposure Draft, Proposed International Standard on Auditing 220 (Revised): Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements (ED-220). ED-220 explicitly requires the engagement partner to demonstrate sufficient and appropriate involvement in all phases of the audit, it describes certain activities that must be performed by the audit engagement partner, and it explicitly acknowledges the role of audit firm-level policies and procedures and the changing complexity of audit engagement teams. The comment period ended on July 1, 2019. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on selected questions posed by the IAASB.
Data Availability: ED-220, including questions for respondents, is available at: https://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/exposure-draft-international-standard-auditing-220-revised-quality-management.
Use of the Femoral Vein as Insertion Site for Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters
Authors: Falk Abigail 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Use of the Femoral Vein as Insertion Site for Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheters
The femoral vein provides an alternative access site for insertion of tunneled hemodialysis catheters when conventional sites are not available. Tunneled femoral hemodialysis catheters have low primary patency rates and significant complications. Catheter retraction is a unique and common problem. However, the use of the femoral vein remains acceptable in those patients who have limited options for long-term hemodialysis.