bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TENON CAPSULE–VITREOUS CAVITY FISTULA AFTER HYDROGEL SCLERAL BUCKLE REMOVAL
Authors: Wilkins Carl S. , Dedania Vaidehi S. , Ghodasra Devon H. , Johnson Mark W. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To report a rare case of vitreous cavity–Tenon capsule fistula formation after removal of a symptomatic hydrogel scleral buckle.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 43-year-old man presented with chronic headache and involuntary gaze deviation for over 1 year after hydrogel scleral buckle surgery 25 years prior. After removal of the scleral buckle, the patient developed a fluid-filled inflation of the buckle capsule, surrounding a previously noted area of severe scleral thinning. Ocular ultrasonography suggested a fistulous connection between the vitreous cavity and the sub-Tenon space in the area of scleral thinning. There was resolution of diplopia and headache postoperatively, with stability of the fluid collection on clinical examination. Because of high risk of further surgery and resolution of the patient's symptoms, conservative management was elected.

Conclusion:
This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of Tenon capsule–vitreous cavity fistula formation after scleral buckle explantation. Because of innate ability to expand, as well as tendency to become friable, hydrogel buckles have a higher risk of requiring removal and of complications from explantation, respectively. Our patient experienced relief of symptoms, without complication from the fistula, and was successfully managed conservatively.
Iris Thickness and Severity of Neovascular Glaucoma Determined Using Swept-Source Anterior-segment Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Nakakura Shunsuke , Kobayashi Yui , Matsuya Kanae , Terao Etsuko , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the iris thickness (IT) in neovascular glaucoma (NVG) using swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Patients and Methods:
In this retrospective, clinic-based, comparative study, we enrolled 20 NVG patients [11 with 360-degree angle-closure (AC)-NVG and 9 with NVG without AC] and 14 healthy age-matched controls. Horizontal scanning images of swept-source ASOCT were analyzed using software calipers in temporal and nasal angle areas. ITs at 1 and 2 mm from the pupil edge were measured using ASOCT. The relation between IT and the severity of NVG, the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP), intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection, and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) were assessed using linear regression analysis based on the corrected Akaike information criteria index.

Results:
The IT was thinner in 360-degree AC-NVG patients, followed by NVG patients without AC and controls (0.33 vs. 0.48 vs. 0.57 mm at 1 mm and 0.31 vs. 0.43 vs. 0.49 mm at 2 mm; P<0.001 by ANOVA). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 360-degree AC-NVG patients–NVG patients without AC and controls (coefficient: −0.16), NVG patients without AC–control (−0.13) and underwent PRP (0.23) at 1 mm, 360-degree AC-NVG patients–NVG patients without AC and controls (−0.12), NVG patients without AC–controls (−0.08), underwent PRP (0.16), received anti-VEGF injection (0.05) and IOP (−0.001) at 2 mm were selected predictors to explain IT.

Conclusions:
IT decreases with the progression of the NVG stage and is thinnest in 360-degree AC-NVG patients. Our study suggests a new morphologic feature of NVG.
Extensive Submacular Hemorrhage After Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C
Authors: Kim Gyu-Nam , Shin Min-Ho , Ahn Ja-Young , Han Yong-Seop , Chung In-Young , Seo Seong-Wook , Park Jong-Moon , Yoo Ji-Myong , Kim Seong-Jae 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
We report the occurrence of an extensive submacular hemorrhage after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in a patient with an occult choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM).

Patients and Methods:
A 66-year-old man had a 3-year history of primary open-angle glaucoma in the left eye, which had been treated with topical antiglaucoma medication. The patient had age-related macular degeneration with an occult CNVM, for which he had received 5 intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and 5 intravitreal injections of bevacizumab in the left eye over a 3-year period. As intraocular pressure was not under control in the left eye over a 2-month period, trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was performed.

Results:
On the first postoperative day, intraocular pressure was 8 mm Hg with a well-formed bleb in the left eye. However, extensive subretinal hemorrhage was observed, and the patient underwent pneumatic displacement and pars plana vitrectomy to remove the hemorrhage. After 7 months, extensive subretinal fibrosis was observed and visual acuity was low (hand movement only).

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first report of an extensive submacular hemorrhage after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in a patient with an occult CNVM.
Change in Hand Function and Dexterity with Age after Index Pollicization for Congenital Thumb Hypoplasia
Authors: Kollitz Kathleen M. , Tomhave Wendy , Van Heest Ann E. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Little is known about how performance on strength, range of motion, and dexterity measures changes as children with index finger pollicization mature. The authors reviewed performance in range of motion, strength, and dexterity over a 7-year period and report outcomes over time.

Methods:
Data from children treated with index finger pollicization for congenital thumb hypoplasia from 2007 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Children were followed for an average of 3.9 years (range, 1 to 7 years) during the study period. Standardized assessments included range of motion, grip, key pinch and tripod pinch strength, the Box and Block Test, the Nine Hole Peg Test, and the Functional Dexterity Test. Average score by age and average yearly change were calculated for each assessment, and scores were plotted against published age-matched scores of normal children when available.

Results:
Twenty-three patients with 29 affected thumbs were included. Distal grasp span increased 0.17 inch and Kapandji opposition improved 0.26 point with each year of age; however, proximal web-space size did not increase over time. Grip strength improved an average of 2.69 kg/year, and tripod and key pinch improved 0.58 kg and 0.67 kg with each year of age. Box and Block Test scores improved an average of 4.11 blocks/year. Scores on the Nine Hole Peg Test improved 3.83 seconds/year, and scores on the Functional Dexterity Test improved 0.026 peg/second each year.

Conclusions:
Children with pollicized thumbs improve in dexterity and strength with growth. Web-space size did not change with age; therefore, the thumb should be carefully positioned at the time of surgery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Gastric Metastasis of Prostate Cancer as an Unusual Presentation Using 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Solis Lara Hugo Enrique , Villarreal del Bosque Natalia , Sada Treviño Miguel Antonio , Yamamoto Ramos Masao , Argueta Ruiz Rocío del Carmen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A 79-year-old man with prostate cancer underwent 68Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) dual-time-point PET/CT scan to evaluate tumor activity due to early satiety, unquantified weight loss, and elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), demonstrating thickening of the gastric wall with intense tracer uptake. The immunohistochemistry of gastric biopsy showed CDX2 and CK20: negative; CK7, focal positive; PSA, positive, which confirmed metastatic disease. Metastatic disease was also found in bones, right lung, and retroperitoneal and pelvic lymphadenopathies.
Complete Metabolic Response of Advanced Melanoma to Vemurafenib Assessed with FDG-PET-CT at 85 Hours
Authors: Pascal Pierre , Dercle Laurent , Weyts Kathleen , Meyer Nicolas , Courbon Fréderic 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Vemurafenib improves the management of advanced melanoma due to selective inhibition of the mutated BRAF V600E kinase. FDG-PET-CT is a tool for the evaluation of the biologic impact of inhibiting mutant BRAF. With vemurafenib at day 15, all the patients had at least partial metabolic response. Reductions in uptake correlate with longer progression free survival. In this case, incomplete information provided by the patient led to the performance of his third PET 85 hours after the introduction of vemurafenib. This early case of complete metabolic response suggests that FDG-PET-CT is a useful marker of early biologic response to vemurafenib.
Primary Hepatic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma on PET/CT
Authors: Liu Yachao , Xu Baixuan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is mainly presented in extremities, less commonly in posterior peritoneum, but primary presented in liver is very rare and often with a poor prognosis because of its high aggression. The features of clinical presentations and images are variable and the pre-operative diagnosis is difficult. Here, we report a primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma patient with no distant metastasis showed on pre-operative 18F-FDG PET/CT, however with many metastases showed on the post-operative 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Closure of Oroantral Communication With Plasma-Rich Fibrin Membrane
Authors: Demetoglu Umut , Ocak Hakan , Bilge Suheyb 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Oroantral communication (OAC) is the opening between the maxillary sinus and oral cavity. It may cause oroantral fistula or maxillary sinusitis if left untreated. The surgical closure of the OAC within 48 hours was recommended to avoid the complications like sinus infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment of OACs with plasma-rich fibrin (PRF) which is safe and easy to implement in the OACs.
This study was conducted with the patients, who required the treatment of the OAC, which was developed after the posterior maxillary tooth extraction in the Dental and Maxillofacial Department of the Faculty of Dentistry in Adnan Menderes University.
Plasma-rich fibrin membranes were inserted in layers into the tooth socket so that they covered the OAC. Then these membranes were fixated with the sutures to the surrounding gingiva. Antibiotic (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 1000 mg), analgesic (dexketoprofen trometamol and/or paracetamol), and oral rinse (0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate) agents were prescribed to all patients. The patients were examined in the 3rd and 7th days and 2 months after the operation.
All patients tolerated PRF perfectly, and the soft tissue recovery was completed without any problem. Full epithelization was observed in the defect area in all patients. The OAC did not relapse in any patient.
Plasma-rich fibrin technique is a simple and effective method, which can be used in the treatment of OACs with a diameter of 5 mm or less with a low risk of complications.
Neurohormones and temperament interact during infant development
Authors: Jones Nancy Aaron , Sloan Aliza 
Published: February 2018

The infant's psycho-physiological regulatory system begins to develop prenatally and continues to mature during the postnatal period. Temperament is a construct comprising tonic individual differences in dispositional physiological and behavioural reactions as well as an evolving ability to regulate to environmental conditions. Theoretical models and research have shown that neurohormonal and -physiological factors contribute to individual development and impact infant behaviours as well as the developing regulatory system. Moreover, prenatal maternal risks such as stress and depression are thought to programme fetal regulatory tendencies and that influences neural and behavioural functioning in infancy. The purpose of this review is to examine the theories and research that link infant temperament to neurohormonal and -physiological development in typically developing infants and in those exposed to environmental risk. Research has demonstrated associations between individual variation in physiological stress responses and regulation (measured with cortisol). Moreover, studies have noted an association with physiological regulation and socio-emotional interaction (as measured by the touch–oxytocin link) that may buffer emotional dysregulation. The interaction between individual differences in temperamental tendencies, neurohormonal and -physiological patterns will be discussed by presenting data from studies that have shown that infant neurohormonal and -physiological functioning sets an important trajectory for the development of the individual.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Benefits and limitations of drug studies in temperament research: biochemical responses as indicators of temperament
Authors: Netter Petra 
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a discussion of principles and problems of neurotransmitter challenge tests using examples of experiments, most of which were performed in the author's laboratory. Drugs targeting synthesis, release, receptors or reuptake of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenergic transmitter (TM) systems were used for characterizing or discriminating certain temperament or personality traits and their sub-factors. Any personality or temperament trait is characterized by multiple TM responses, thus constellations of hormone responses to drugs acting on different TM systems or on different sources of TM activity were investigated within individuals in crossover designs. The major conclusions are: (i) intra-individual patterns of hormone responses to different TM-related drugs, or to agonists and antagonists, can help to discriminate subtypes of temperament dimensions, and (ii) the latency and shape of response curves may help specify processes of biological responses related to psychological dimensions and reveal common TM sensitivities in clusters of traits. TM sensitivity, defined by hormone responses, does not always correspond to accompanying behavioural indicators, but may provide more specific information on underlying mechanisms. Additional consideration of drug doses and experimental induction of stressors may serve to identify temperament-related susceptibilities to certain drugs. Limitations of the challenge approach and recommendations for future research are discussed.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Temperament and brain networks of attention
Authors: Posner Michael I. , Rothbart Mary K. 
Published: February 2018

The attention networks of the human brain are important control systems that develop from infancy into adulthood. While they are common to everyone, they differ in efficiency, forming the basis of individual differences in attention. We have developed methods for measuring the efficiency of these networks in older children and adults and have also examined their development from infancy. During infancy the alerting and orienting networks are dominant in control of the infant's actions, but later an executive network dominates. Each network has been associated with its main neuromodulator and these have led to associations with genes related to that network neuromodulator. The links between parent reports of their child's effortful control and the executive attention network allow us to associate molecular mechanisms to fundamental behavioural outcomes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
A network model of behavioural performance in a rule learning task
Authors: Hasselmo Michael E. , Stern Chantal E. 
Published: February 2018

Humans demonstrate differences in performance on cognitive rule learning tasks which could involve differences in properties of neural circuits. An example model is presented to show how gating of the spread of neural activity could underlie rule learning and the generalization of rules to previously unseen stimuli. This model uses the activity of gating units to regulate the pattern of connectivity between neurons responding to sensory input and subsequent gating units or output units. This model allows analysis of network parameters that could contribute to differences in cognitive rule learning. These network parameters include differences in the parameters of synaptic modification and presynaptic inhibition of synaptic transmission that could be regulated by neuromodulatory influences on neural circuits. Neuromodulatory receptors play an important role in cognitive function, as demonstrated by the fact that drugs that block cholinergic muscarinic receptors can cause cognitive impairments. In discussions of the links between neuromodulatory systems and biologically based traits, the issue of mechanisms through which these linkages are realized is often missing. This model demonstrates potential roles of neural circuit parameters regulated by acetylcholine in learning context-dependent rules, and demonstrates the potential contribution of variation in neural circuit properties and neuromodulatory function to individual differences in cognitive function.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Revisiting the functional properties of NPF6.3/NRT1.1/CHL1 in xenopus oocytes
Authors: Noguero Mélanie , Léran Sophie , Bouguyon Eléonore , Brachet Chantal , Tillard Pascal , Nacry Philippe , Gojon Alain , Krouk Gabriel , Lacombe Benoît 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWithin the Arabidopsis NPF proteins, most of the characterized nitrate transporters are low-affinity transporters, whereas the functional characterization of NPF6.3/NRT1.1 has revealed interesting transport properties: the transport of nitrate and auxin, the eletrogenicity of the nitrate transport and a dual-affinity transport behavior for nitrate depending on external nitrate concentration. However, some of these properties remained controversial and were challenged here. We functionally express WT NPF6.3/NRT1.1 and some of its mutant in Xenopus oocytes and used a combination of uptake experiments using 15N-labelled nitrate and two-electrode voltage-clamp. In our experimental conditions in xenopus oocytes, in the presence or in the absence of external chloride, NPF6.3/NRT1.1 behaves as a non-electrogenic and pure low-affinity transporter. Moreover, further functional characterization of a NPF6.3/NRT1.1 point mutant, P492L, allowed us to hypothesize that NPF6.3/NRT1.1 is regulated by internal nitrate concentration and that the internal perception site involves the P492 residue.
Development of a novel protein identification approach to define mitochondrial proteomic signatures in glioblastoma oncogenesis: T98G vs U87MG cell lines model
Authors: Gómez-Caudillo Leopoldo , Martínez-Batallar Ángel G. , Ortega-Lozano Ariadna J. , Fernández-Coto Diana L. , Rosas-Vargas Haydee , Minauro-Sanmiguel Fernando , Encarnación-Guevara Sergio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma Multiforme is a cancer type with an important mitochondrial component. Here was used mitochondrial proteome Random Sampling in 2D gels from T98G (oxidative metabolism) and U87MG (glycolytic metabolism) cell lines to obtain and analyze representative spots (regardless of their intensity, size, or difference in abundance between cell lines) by Principal Component Analysis for protein identification. Identified proteins were ordered into specific Protein-Protein Interaction networks, to each cell line, showing mitochondrial processes related to metabolic change, invasion, and metastasis; and other nonmitochondrial processes such as DNA translation, chaperone response, and autophagy in gliomas. T98G and U87MG cell lines were used as glioblastoma transition model; representative proteomic signatures, with the most important biological processes in each cell line, were defined. This pipeline analysis describes the metabolic status of each line and defines clear mitochondria performance differences for distinct glioblastoma stages, introducing a new useful strategy for the understanding of glioblastoma carcinogenesis formation.Biological significanceThis study defines the mitochondria as an organelle that follows and senses the carcinogenesis process by an original proteomic approach, a random sampling in 2DE gels to obtain a representative spots sample and analyzing their relative abundance by Principal Components Analysis; to faithfully describe glioblastoma cells biology.
Monkeys predict trajectories of virtual prey using basic variables from Newtonian physics
Authors: Yoo Seng Bum M , Piantadosi Steven T. , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe demands of foraging are a major driver in the evolution of cognitive faculties. To successfully pursue a mobile prey that is attempting to avoid capture, the ability to predict its flight path can provide a crucial advantage. We hypothesized that, during pursuit, rhesus macaques exploit patterns in prey’s behavior to predict the prey’s future positions. We modeled behavior of three macaques in a joystick-controlled pursuit task in which prey follow simple escape algorithms that involve repulsion from the subject and from the walls of the virtual enclosure. We find that, even in this artificial task, macaques actively predict and aim towards prey’s future positions, increasing their foraging success. Their predictions are derived from the three core variables in Newtonian dynamics: position, velocity, and acceleration. Even after extensive training, subjects favored these principles and ignored other regularities in prey behavior. Most notably, they ignored the effects their own actions would have on the prey, despite extensive training and even though doing so would have further improved performance. We conjecture that subjects have a strong bias towards using physical principles to pursue fleeing prey, possibly reflecting an evolved physics module. The observed predictive behavior suggests that foraging demands facilitate the development of prospection.