bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Natural Transporter of Silicon and Carbon: Conversion of Rice Husks to Silicon Carbide or Carbon‐Silicon Hybrid for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes via a Molten Salt Electrolysis Approach
Authors: Zhao Zhuqing , Xie Hongwei , Qu Jiakang , Zhao Haijia , Ma Qiang , Xing Pengfei , Song Qiushi , Wang Dihua , Yin Huayi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe use of environment‐benign and earth‐abundant silicon (Si) and carbon (C) is the quest to meet the ever‐increasing Li‐ion battery (LIB) market. Unlike the traditional way of either extracting C or Si, here, we report a molten salt electrolysis approach to controllably extract both C and Si (e. g., C−SiC or C−Si composites) from rice husks (RHs). The RHs are the natural transporter that captures carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and silicic acid (H4SiO4) from the soil, thus supplying abundant, sustainable, and hierarchically porous C−SiO2 composite feedstocks. In molten CaCl2, carbonized RHs (C−RHs) can be electrochemically reduced to the C−SiC composite that delivers a gravimetrical capacity of over 1000 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 400 cycles. In molten NaCl−KCl−MgCl2, the C−RHs can be electrochemically reduced to C−Si composite that delivers a gravimetrical capacity of 926 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The electrolytic products can be altered by the component of molten salt as well as by adjusting the applied cell voltage. Overall, we employ the photosynthesis of plants to harvest Si and C from nature and, subsequently, the molten salt electrolysis approach to preparing C−SiC and C−Si composites for low‐cost and sustainable LIB anodes.
The effect of low alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the lipid peroxidation‐antioxidant defense system of women, their alcohol‐exposed infants, and growth, health, and developmental outcomes
Authors: Marianian Anait , Atalyan Alina , Bohora Som , Darenskaya Marina , Grebenkina Lyudmila , Kolesnikova Lubov , Kolesnikov Sergey , Mikhaylevich Isai , Protopopova Natalia , Stockett Mary , Yamaoka Yui , Balachova Tatiana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the effects of low‐dose alcohol consumption on the “lipid peroxidation‐antioxidant defense” (LPO‐AOD) system of mothers and infants, and on infant growth and development. This study examined effects of alcohol consumption on the LPO‐AOD system of pregnant women and newborns and infant development.MethodsA total of 209 pregnant women were recruited for this prospective study at the first prenatal visit and followed until delivery: 112 consumed alcohol and 97 reported no alcohol use during pregnancy. Infants were evaluated at birth, and at 6 and 12 months of age. The study controlled for the confounding effect of maternal smoking.ResultsBiomarkers of lipid peroxidation, for example, thiobarbituric acid reactants, were higher and the activity of the antioxidant defense system was lower in drinkers and their infants. Higher rates of pathological conditions and slower postnatal growth were observed among infants who were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Low‐dose alcohol use and tobacco smoking were associated with lower postnatal infant growth trajectories, resulting in restricted growth at 6 and 12 months among infants born to mothers who drank or smoked during pregnancy. Alcohol had a broad effect on the infant and maternal LPO‐AOD system, while the effect of smoking was limited in this study to maternal glutathione peroxidase.ConclusionsSmall amounts of alcohol consumed during pregnancy are associated with dysfunction of the LPO‐AOD system and development of oxidative stress in women and their children. Identification and preventive interventions are needed for pregnant women who use alcohol in any amount.
Predictors of referral to the North Carolina Infant‐Toddler Program among infants with birth defects and infants born extremely preterm or low birthweight
Authors: Forestieri Nina E. , Van Buren Eric , Simpson Barbara D. , Meyer Robert E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundNorth Carolina's Infant‐Toddler Program (NC ITP) provides Early Intervention (EI) services from birth to age three for children at risk for developmental delays. This study examined referral patterns by clinical and sociodemographic characteristics among infants with birth defects and infants born extremely preterm (gestational age < 27 weeks) or extremely low birthweight (<1,000 g).MethodsA retrospective cohort of North Carolina resident births from 2012 to 2014 was matched to data from the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program and NC ITP records. A total of 2,463 infants with eligible birth defects and 2,118 extremely preterm or low birthweight infants were identified. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze differences in referral by sociodemographic and clinical factors. Referrals resulting in enrollment were also examined.ResultsAbout 70% of infants with eligible birth defects and 85% of extremely premature infants were referred to the NC ITP. Geographic region, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal and infant enrollment in Medicaid, and hospital level of care at delivery were associated with referral among both at‐risk groups. Among infants with birth defects, maternal age, education, and marital status were also associated with referral, as well as gestational age, birthweight, and the presence of multiple anomalies. Of the infants with referrals, over 80% in each group were subsequently enrolled.ConclusionsMany of the sociodemographic and clinical factors examined were associated with EI referral. These findings can be used to address coverage gaps and improve referral and enrollment rates for at‐risk infants.
Multivariate data analysis of growth medium trends affecting antibody glycosylation
Authors: Powers David N. , Trunfio Nicholas , Velugula‐Yellela Sai R. , Angart Phillip , Faustino Anneliese , Agarabi Cyrus 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUse of multivariate data analysis for the manufacturing of biologics has been increasing due to more widespread use of data‐generating process analytical technologies (PAT) promoted by the US FDA. To generate a large dataset on which to apply these principles, we used an in‐house model CHO DG44 cell line cultured in automated micro bioreactors alongside PAT with four commercial growth media focusing on antibody quality through N‐glycosylation profiles. Using univariate analyses, we determined that different media resulted in diverse amounts of terminal galactosylation, high mannose glycoforms, and aglycosylation. Due to the amount of in‐process data generated by PAT instrumentation, multivariate data analysis was necessary to ascertain which variables best modeled our glycan profile findings. Our principal component analysis revealed components that represent the development of glycoforms into terminally galacotosylated forms (G1F and G2F), and another that encompasses maturation out of high mannose glycoforms. The partial least squares model additionally incorporated metabolic values to link these processes to glycan outcomes, especially involving the consumption of glutamine. Overall, these approaches indicated a tradeoff between cellular productivity and product quality in terms of the glycosylation. This work illustrates the use of multivariate analytical approaches that can be applied to complex bioprocessing problems for identifying potential solutions.
Identification and external validation of a novel miRNA signature for lymph node metastasis prediction in submucosal‐invasive gastric cancer patients
Authors: Ma Mingzhe , Lu Shixun , Liu Yinhua , Kong Pengfei , Long Ziwen , Wan Ping , Zhang Yan , Wang Yanong , Xu Dazhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndoscopic resection (ER) has been increasingly performed in the treatment of early gastric cancer (GC). However, lymph node metastasis (LNM) can cause treatment failure with ER, especially in T1b patients. Here, we attempted to develop a miRNA‐based classifier to detect LNM in T1b patients. Based on high‐throughput data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified 20 miRNAs whose expression significantly changed in T1‐2 GC with LNM vs T1‐2 GC without LNM. We then developed a miRNA signature to predict LNM of T1b GC using the LASSO model and backward step wise elimination approach in a training cohort. Furthermore, the predictive accuracy of this classifier was validated in both an internal testing group of 63 patients and an external independent group of 114 patients. This systematic and comprehensive in silico study identified a 7‐miRNA signature with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value of 0.843 in T1‐2 GC and 0.911 in T1 EGC. The backward elimination was further used to develop a 4‐miRNA (miR‐153‐3p, miR‐708, miR‐940 and miR‐375) risk‐stratification model in the training cohort with an AUROC value of 0.898 in cohort 2. When pathologic results were used as a reference, the risk model yielded AUROC values of 0.829 and 0.792 in two cohorts of endoscopic biopsy specimens. This novel miRNA‐LNM classifier works better than the currently used pathologic criteria of ER in T1b EGC. This classifier could individualize the management of T1b patients and facilitate treatment decisions.
Vive la difference: Factors and mechanisms predicting discrepancy between iFR and FFR
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
FFR/iFR is discordant in 15–20% of cases, at times causing confusion about revascularization decisions.
The CONTRAST substudy identifies lesion location, lesion severity, and bradycardia as major predictors for FFR/iFR discordance, with age a minor predictor.
Each of these predictors can be explained physiologically through the mechanisms related to resting and hyperemic pressure loss across different patterns of atherosclerotic stenoses.
A logical approach to using both resting and hyperemic pressure ratios is proposed.
Delivery catheters: Do they truly make a difference in transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement?
Authors: Shatila Wassim , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) is a safe and feasible procedure for treating pulmonary stenosis, failed right ventricular conduits, or failed bioprosthetic valves.
The medtronic melody valve and the Edwards Sapien XT and S3 valves have been the main prosthetic valves used in TPVR.
Using the GORE DrySeal sheath helps valve delivery and facilitates TPVR.
Bioaccessible phenolics and flavonoids from wheat flour products subjected to different processing variables
Authors: Oghbaei Morteza , Prakash Jamuna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe study explored the content and in vitro availability of phenolics and flavonoids from wheat flour products fortified with minerals and/or wheat bran (WB) subjected to simulated digestion. The products were flat unleavened breads (roasted or deep fried) prepared with either whole (WWF) or refined wheat flour (RWF). Experimental products had added WB (10% or 20%) and/or minerals (Zn or Fe) at two different levels (10 or 20 mg/100 g with or without 10% WB). A total of eleven products were prepared with each WWF and RWF including a control with no fortification.FindingsResults indicated that addition of WB increased the total and bioaccessible phenolics and flavonoids in all products, while mineral fortification had an opposite effect. Addition of WB along with minerals improved the content and bioaccessibility to some extent. Products prepared with RWF had a lower content and accessibility of phenolics and flavonoids in comparison with WWF products. In processing methods, deep frying had a negative influence on both amount and availability of bioactive constituents.ConclusionsStudy indicates that WB can be used for enriching wheat flour and can also be used as co‐fortificant with minerals. Nutritionally roasting is a better method for making flat breads than deep frying.Significance and noveltyNutritionally bran and mineral fortification are desirable, specifically for products prepared with refined flour. Addition of bran increases the fiber content and hence the bioactive components associated with fiber. It was interesting to investigate the bioaccessibility of bioactive components from such products as there were multiple processing variables involved, namely, compositional alteration of food matrix on addition of bran and minerals, different processing treatments used, and use of whole and refined flours. To our knowledge, such a study has not been reported earlier.
Whole‐Genome Sequencing of Yeast Cells
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Rajaraman , Winston Fred 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used for genetic studies of fundamental cellular functions. The isolation and analysis of yeast mutants is a commonly used and powerful technique to identify the genes that are involved in a process of interest. Furthermore, natural genetic variation among wild yeast strains has been studied for analysis of polygenic traits by quantitative trait loci mapping. Whole‐genome sequencing, often combined with bulk segregant analysis, is a powerful technique that helps determine the identity of mutations causing a phenotype. Here, we describe protocols for the construction of libraries for S. cerevisiae whole‐genome sequencing. We also present a bioinformatic pipeline to determine the genetic variants in a yeast strain using whole‐genome sequencing data. This pipeline can also be used for analyzing Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of haploid spores for bulk segregant analysisBasic Protocol 2: Extraction of genomic DNA from yeast cellsBasic Protocol 3: Shearing of genomic DNA for library preparationBasic Protocol 4: Construction and amplification of DNA librariesSupport Protocol 1: Annealing oligonucleotides for forming Y‐adaptersSupport Protocol 2: Size selection and cleanup using SPRI beadsBasic Protocol 5: Identification of genomic variants from sequencing data
A systematic review of the business case for corporate social responsibility and firm performance
Authors: Kong Yusheng , Antwi‐Adjei Alex , Bawuah Jonas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe outcome of existing studies on the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives on firm performance remains inconclusive though several studies to amplify the impact of CSR activities are well documented. We conducted an extensive review to detect if there are conceivable methodological errors, societal performance, and corporate performance. The analysis reveals a clearer understanding of the relationship between business performance and CSR effect. Our results attest to the inconclusiveness of CSR and firm performance shown by other scholars. An objective selection criterion was used in selecting the papers reviewed as a result of the inconsistencies associated with the methodologies of some previous studies. These inconsistencies can actually affect how firms can really internalize CSR activities so as to be able to take advantage of it. The authors also recommend future studies on the study of business case for CSR and its determinants.
Examining the distinctiveness of body image concerns in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Crosby Ross D. , Machado Paulo P. P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the distinctiveness of specific constructs of body‐image disturbance in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). We compared weight/shape dissatisfaction, weight/shape overvaluation, weight/shape preoccupation, and fear of weight gain in patients with AN and BN and examined how each specific body‐image construct relates to clinical measures within and between AN and BN.MethodA clinical sample of 490 treatment‐seeking patients diagnosed with DSM‐5 AN (N = 310) or BN (N = 180) by clinicians using structured interviews in Portugal completed the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire to assess body image and eating‐disorder (ED) psychopathology.ResultsBoth within and between AN and BN, the four body‐image constructs varied in their strengths of association among themselves, with ED psychopathology, and body mass index (BMI). Analyses revealed considerable variability in variance accounted for in clinical measures by body‐image constructs. Body‐image constructs predicted significant, albeit small, variance in BMI within BN (dissatisfaction, preoccupation significant) but not within AN. Body‐image constructs predicted significant, albeit small, variance in the frequencies of binge eating and purging in AN (with preoccupation significant for both and fear for purging) but not within BN. Body‐image constructs predicted significant variance in ED psychopathology (large amounts of variance for Eating Concern and Restraint) within both AN and BN (with overvaluation, preoccupation, and fear significant).ConclusionClinical manifestations of body‐image disturbances are complex and show important differences across AN and BN. Understanding distinctions and differential salience of different body‐image constructs across different EDs can inform refinement of specific case conceptualization.
Multiscale spatial genetic structure within and between populations of wild cherry trees in nuclear genotypes and chloroplast haplotypes
Authors: Nagamitsu Teruyoshi , Shuri Kato , Kikuchi Satoshi , Koike Shinsuke , Naoe Shoji , Masaki Takashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpatial genetic structure (SGS) of plants mainly depends on the effective population size and gene dispersal. Maternally inherited loci are expected to have higher genetic differentiation between populations and more intensive SGS within populations than biparentally inherited loci because of smaller effective population sizes and fewer opportunities of gene dispersal in the maternally inherited loci. We investigated biparentally inherited nuclear genotypes and maternally inherited chloroplast haplotypes of microsatellites in 17 tree populations of three wild cherry species under different conditions of tree distribution and seed dispersal. As expected, interpopulation genetic differentiation was 6–9 times higher in chloroplast haplotypes than in nuclear genotypes. This difference indicated that pollen flow 4–7 times exceeded seed flow between populations. However, no difference between nuclear and chloroplast loci was detected in within‐population SGS intensity due to their substantial variation among the populations. The SGS intensity tended to increase as trees became more aggregated, suggesting that tree aggregation biased pollen and seed dispersal distances toward shorter. The loss of effective seed dispersers, Asian black bears, did not affect the SGS intensity probably because of mitigation of the bear loss by other vertebrate dispersers and too few tree generations after the bear loss to alter SGS. The findings suggest that SGS is more variable in smaller spatial scales due to various ecological factors in local populations.
Energy and exergy analyses of a hybrid small modular reactor and wind turbine system for trigeneration
Authors: Khalid Farrukh , Bicer Yusuf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, authors present a new hybrid nuclear small modular reactor system assisted with wind energy for net zero emissions trigeneration system. Small modular reactors bring multiple advantages including (a) improved thermal efficiency, (b) better building efficiency due to modularity, and (c) less operation and maintenance costs compared to standard nuclear power generation. Furthermore, the greenhouse gas emissions from small modular reactors are lower than regular counterparts. This study hybridizes small modular reactors with wind turbines for producing three useful commodities, namely electricity, hydrogen, and hot water. A two‐step high‐temperature thermochemical cycle (based on hydrogen chloride gas) is used for hydrogen production, and its performance in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies is evaluated. Additionally, the exergy and energy analyses (by writing balance equations for each component of the system) are carried out to determine the thermodynamic feasibility of the proposed system. In order to observe the effects of various parameters such as the temperature of the thermochemical cycle steps, inlet gas turbine temperature, the pressure ratio of the gas turbine, actual wind speed, and current density on the system performance, a detailed parametric study is conducted. The results of this study show that the overall system can achieve an energy efficiency of about 57.5% and exergy efficiency of about 38.1%.
Structure of Wangqing oil shale and mechanism of carbon monoxide release during its pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Hua Zejia , Guan Jing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, the structural characteristics of Wangqing oil shale were investigated using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The thermogravimetric‐Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) was used to pyrolyze samples and study their kinetics at four different heating rates. Meanwhile, the peak fitting method was used to study the carbon monoxide (CO) produced during the pyrolysis process. The results indicated that the oil shale was mainly composed of aromatic, aliphatic, hydroxyl, and oxygen‐containing functional groups, among which the aliphatic group was the most abundant. The pyrolysis process of oil shale was divided into four stages, whereas the pyrolysis weight loss and volatilization were concentrated in the second stage. When the number of peaks was 4, the fitting results were the best, which indicated that the precipitation of CO gas was affected by the four different types of reactions and was mainly the result of oxygen group and its side chain fracture.
Assessing the relative contributions of the flood tide and the ebb tide to tidal channel network dynamics
Authors: Geng Liang , Gong Zheng , Zhou Zeng , Lanzoni Stefano , D'Alpaos Andrea 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTFlood and ebb currents provide different contributions to the initiation and evolution of tidal channel networks, generating diverse network structures and channel cross‐sections. In order to separate the effects of these contributions, a physical model of a sloping tidal‐flat basin was set up in the laboratory. Depending on the degree of tidal asymmetry imposed offshore, either flood or ebb currents can be enhanced. The experimental results show that the ebb current has a higher capability to initiate and shape tidal networks than the flood current. Headward erosion is mainly induced by the ebb flow. The slightly inclined flat surface tends to reduce the energy of the flood current and to enhance the ebb current, thus prolonging the duration of morphodynamic activity as well as sediment motion. Overall, flood‐dominated tides favour the formation of small‐scale channel branches in the upper basin zone, while long lasting ebb‐dominated tides result in more complex, wider and deeper tidal networks. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.