bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative genomics of Mycobacterium africanum Lineage 5 and Lineage 6 from Ghana suggests distinct ecological niches
Authors: Otchere Isaac Darko , Coscollá Mireia , Sánchez-Busó Leonor , Asante-Poku Adwoa , Brites Daniela , Loiseau Chloe , Meehan Conor , Osei-Wusu Stephen , Forson Audrey , Laryea Clement , Yahayah Abdallah Iddrisu , Baddoo Akosua , Ansa Gloria Akosua , Aboagye Samuel Yaw , Asare Prince , Borrell Sonia , Gehre Florian , Beckert Patrick , Kohl Thomas A. , N’dira Sanoussi , Beisel Christian , Antonio Martin , Niemann Stefan , de Jong Bouke C. , Parkhill Julian , Harris Simon R. , Gagneux Sebastien , Yeboah-Manu Dorothy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMycobacterium africanum (Maf) causes a substantial proportion of human tuberculosis in some countries of West Africa, but little is known on this pathogen. We compared the genomes of 253 Maf clinical isolates from Ghana, including N = 175 Lineage 5 (L5) and N = 78 Lineage 6 (L6). We found that the genomic diversity of L6 was higher than in L5 despite the smaller sample size. Regulatory proteins appeared to evolve neutrally in L5 but under purifying selection in L6. Even though over 90% of the human T cell epitopes were conserved in both lineages, L6 showed a higher ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous single nucleotide variation in these epitopes overall compared to L5. Of the 10% human T cell epitopes that were variable, most carried mutations that were lineage-specific. Our findings indicate that Maf L5 and L6 differ in some of their population genomic characteristics, possibly reflecting different selection pressures linked to distinct ecological niches.
Home-based Rehabilitation With A Novel Digital Biofeedback System versus Conventional In-person Rehabilitation after Total Knee Replacement: a feasibility study
Authors: Correia Fernando Dias , Nogueira André , Magalhães Ivo , Guimarães Joana , Moreira Maria , Barradas Isabel , Teixeira Laetitia , Tulha José , Seabra Rosmaninho , Lains Jorge , Bento Virgilio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn-person home-based rehabilitation and telerehabilitation can be as effective as clinic-based rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but require heavy logistics and are highly dependent on human supervision. New technologies that allow independent home-based rehabilitation without constant human supervision may help solve this problem. This was a single-center, feasibility study comparing a digital biofeedback system that meets these needs against conventional in-person home-based rehabilitation after TKA over an 8-week program. Primary outcome was the change in the Timed Up and Go score between the end of the program and baseline. Fifty-nine patients completed the study (30 experimental group; 29 conventional rehabilitation). The study demonstrated a superiority of the experimental group for all outcomes. Adverse events were similar in both groups. This is the first study to demonstrate that a digital rehabilitation solution can achieve better outcomes than conventional in-person rehabilitation, while less demanding in terms of human resources.
NPM-hMLF1 fusion protein suppresses defects of a Drosophila FTLD model expressing the human FUS gene
Authors: Yamamoto Itaru , Azuma Yumiko , Kushimura Yukie , Yoshida Hideki , Mizuta Ikuko , Mizuno Toshiki , Ueyama Morio , Nagai Yoshitaka , Tokuda Takahiko , Yamaguchi Masamitsu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFused in sarcoma (FUS) was identified as a component of typical inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In FTLD, both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions with wild-type FUS exist, while cytoplasmic inclusions with a mutant-form of FUS occur in many ALS cases. These observations imply that FUS plays a role across these two diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of several proteins including molecular chaperons on the aberrant eye morphology phenotype induced by overexpression of wild-type human FUS (hFUS) in Drosophila eye imaginal discs. By screening, we found that the co-expression of nucleophosmin–human myeloid leukemia factor 1 (NPM-hMLF1) fusion protein could suppress the aberrant eye morphology phenotype induced by hFUS. The driving of hFUS expression at 28 °C down-regulated levels of hFUS and endogenous cabeza, a Drosophila homolog of hFUS. The down-regulation was mediated by proteasome dependent degradation. Co-expression of NPM-hMLF1 suppressed this down-regulation. In addition, co-expression of NPM-hMLF1 partially rescued pharate adult lethal phenotype induced by hFUS in motor neurons. These findings with a Drosophila model that mimics FTLD provide clues for the development of novel FTLD therapies.
Magnetic field driven nodal topological superconductivity in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: He Wen-Yu , Zhou Benjamin T. , He James J. , Yuan Noah F. Q. , Zhang Ting , Law K. T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecently, Ising superconductors that possess in-plane upper critical fields Hc2 much larger than the Pauli limit field are under intense experimental study. Many monolayer or few layer transition metal dichalcogenides are shown to be Ising superconductors. Here we show that in a wide range of experimentally accessible regimes where the in-plane magnetic field is higher than the Pauli limit field but lower than Hc2, a 2H-structure monolayer NbSe2 or similarly TaS2 becomes a nodal topological superconductor. The bulk nodal points appear on the Γ−M lines of the Brillouin zone where the Ising SOC vanishes. The nodal points are connected by Majorana flat bands, and the flat bands are associated with a large number of Majorana zero energy edge modes that induce spin-triplet Cooper pairs. This work demonstrates an experimentally feasible way to realize Majorana fermions in nodal topological superconductor, without any fine-tuning of experimental parameters.
High impedance fault modelling and application of detection techniques with EMTP‐RV
Authors: Nikolaidis Vassilis C. , Patsidis Angelos D. , Tsimtsios Aristotelis M. 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to develop a software‐oriented framework that will help simulate and study high impedance faults (HIFs) in power distribution systems, as well as design adequate HIF detection techniques. After a thorough literature review, three well‐established HIF models have been developed in EMTP‐RV, as part of this work. Systematic (black box) modelling is applied so that each developed HIF model can be used in any power system under investigation in the future. An overview of the mostly available HIF detection methods is also included in this study, which subsequently concludes with the development of two proper HIF detection techniques in EMTP‐RV/MATLAB environment. A real 20 kV radial overhead distribution line located in Xanthi, Greece is modelled in EMTP‐RV and several HIFs at various time and locations are simulated. The simulation results are presented in order to evaluate the accuracy of the developed HIF models and the effectiveness of the developed HIF detection techniques.
Performance of fault‐level estimation functions in future distribution networks
Authors: Ahmed Muhanad , Booth Campbell , Coffele Federico 
Published: July 2018

This study presents an evaluation of the impact of distributed generation, of varying capacity and connected at different locations, on existing system fault‐level estimation algorithms. A number of case studies have been simulated under different scenarios with DGs connected at different points on a 33/11 kV test network. Results show estimation errors when DGs are located downstream the fault‐level measurement point and the errors are proportional to the assumed level of fault contribution from the DG. Errors were found to increase when the DGs were located electrically closer to the measurement/fault‐level estimation point. Negligible errors were seen with the DG connected ‘upstream’ from the monitoring location. Possible solutions are discussed such as the use of distributed measurements to account for downstream DG fault levels. An approach to peak make fault‐level estimation is also described utilising current IEC short‐circuit calculation methods.
Fast phase selection method based on transient current for UHV transmission lines
Authors: Luo Sibei , Gao Houlei , Wu Yuehua , Huang Jiakai , Wang Dong 
Published: July 2018

Ultra‐high‐voltage (UHV) transmission lines have a higher requirement for selecting faulted phases fast and reliably. The coupling relationship between the three phases is analysed in detail. On the basis of the coupling relationship, the principle of faulted phase selection (FPS) is proposed, which utilises the time‐domain energy of three‐phase transient currents. To remove high‐frequency noise and preserve the transient current waveform features invariant, a morphological filter with flat structure element is applied in FPS algorithm. The simulation model of Jindongnan–Nanyang–Jingmen UHV transmission project is established in EMTP. The testing results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and fast (<2 ms) in case of various fault conditions.
Time‐domain application of superimposed quantities in the phase comparison transmission line protection scheme
Authors: Silva Leite Junior Eduardo Jorge , Lopes Felipe Vigolvino , Silva Kleber Melo 
Published: July 2018

Here, the use of incremental currents in time‐domain phase comparison (PC) line protection schemes is evaluated. The incremental currents have been applied in modern high‐speed protection relays, showing to be suitable for protection functions based on time‐domain analysis. To carry out the proposed studies, the alternative transients programme was used to simulate a wide variety of fault scenarios in a 500 kV/60 Hz test power system, considering different fault features (distance, resistance, and inception angle), source‐to‐line impedance ratio values, and system loading conditions. In each case, the tripping times of the time‐domain PC protection when implemented using traditional phase currents, sequence currents, traditional incremental currents, and incremental replica currents are compared. The obtained results show the use of incremental currents improves the PC protection reliability, speeding up the protection operation times.
Predicting well-connected SEP events from observations of solar soft X-rays and near-relativistic electrons
Authors: Núñez Marlon 
Published: July 2018

This paper studies the use of electron data from the Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (EPAM) on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in the UMASEP (University of Málaga Solar particle Event Predictor) scheme [Núñez, Space Weather 9 (2011) S07003; Núñez, Space Weather 13 (2015)] for predicting well-connected >10 MeV Solar Energetic Proton (SEP) events. In this study, the identification of magnetic connection to a solar particle source is done by correlating Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) Soft X-Ray (SXR) fluxes with ACE EPAM electrons fluxes with energies of 0.175–0.375 MeV. The forecasting performance of this model, called Well-Connected Prediction with electrons (WCP-electrons), was evaluated for a 16-year period from November 2001 to October 2017. This performance is compared with that of the component of current real-time tool UMASEP-10, called here WCP-protons model, which predicts the same type of events by correlating GOES SXR with differential proton fluxes with energies of 9–500 MeV. For the aforementioned period, the WCP-electrons model obtained a Probability of Detection (POD) of 50.0%, a False Alarm Ratio (FAR) of 39% and an Average Warning Time (AWT) of 1 h 44 min. The WCP-protons model obtained a POD of 78.0%, a FAR of 22% and an AWT of 1 h 3 min. These results show that the use of ACE EPAM electron data in the UMASEP scheme obtained a better anticipation time (additional 41 min on average) but a lower performance in terms of POD and FAR. We also analyzed the use of a combined model, composed of WCP-electrons and WCP-protons, working in parallel (i.e. the combined model issues a forecast when any of the individual models emits a forecast). The combined model obtained the best POD (84%), and a FAR and AWT (34.4% and 1 h 34 min, respectively) which is in between those of the individual models.
Traumatische Geburtsverläufe: Erkennen und Vermeiden
Authors: Weidner Kerstin , Garthus-Niegel Susan , Junge-Hoffmeister Juliane 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere sexuelle aber auch körperliche oder emotionale Gewalterfahrungen in der Biografie oder Gegenwart stellen einen Hochrisikofaktor für pathologische Schwangerschafts- und Geburtsverläufe mit Entwicklung von Traumafolgestörungen nach der Geburt sowie eine erschwerte Mutter-Kind-Bindung dar. Eine Geburt kann aber auch primär traumatisch erlebt werden, ohne dass es vorher Traumaerfahrungen gab. Schwierige und traumatisch erlebte Geburtsverläufe beeinträchtigen auch Geburtshelfer. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren einer traumatisch erlebten Geburt sowie Verläufe, Auswirkungen und Interventionsmöglichkeiten.
Unilateral Tuberothalamic Artery Ischemia Caused by Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Bettag Christoph , Strasilla Christoph , Steinbrecher Andreas , Gerlach Rüdiger 
Published: July 2018

Background and Importance Pituitary apoplexy (PA) occasionally occurs in patients with pituitary adenoma and may cause severe functional deficits. Headache, pituitary insufficiency, visual impairment, and cranial nerve palsies are the most frequent symptoms in patients with PA. Secondary cerebral ischemia develops in only a limited number of PA patients. Two pathogenic mechanisms were previously proposed. One states that ischemia may be due to major vessel encasement or to vessel compression, as a result of extended tumor growth. The second states that cerebral vasospasm following PA may cause ischemia. We present another mechanism. After PA, a sudden increase in suprasellar tumor volume can lead to compression of perforating arteries causing hypoperfusion and subsequent focal ischemia of the thalamus, basal ganglia, and internal capsule.
Clinical Presentation We present the case of a 75-year-old woman who, after having PA, developed cerebral ischemia in the territory of the left anterior thalamus and internal capsule that is primarily supplied by the tuberothalamic artery. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used to describe how mechanical compression of the tuberothalamic artery caused this rare phenomenon. The recent literature, vascular anatomy, and pathophysiologic aspects of PA are discussed.
Conclusion PA can lead to compression of perforating arteries, for example, the tuberothalamic artery supplying the thalamus or lenticulostriate region, and thus cause hypoperfusion and subsequent focal cerebral ischemia. This may occur when perforating cerebral arteries are affected and compressed by the sudden increase in tumor volume due to hemorrhage or tumor swelling.
Laparoscopic Repair of a Right Paraduodenal Hernia
Authors: Manipadam John , V. Lekha , Syamprasad Vamsi , H. Ramesh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLaparoscopic repair of a right paraduodenal hernia has been described sparingly in literature. We present an account of how we laparoscopically repaired a right paraduodenal hernia along with a review of the current literature as regards the various techniques that have been attempted. With the patient in supine position, and with umbilical camera port and three 5 mm ports, we mobilized the cecum and ascending colon up to the third part of the duodenum, thereby widening the neck of the hernia sac in the Waldeyer fossa. This method is ideal for the less severe incomplete rotation presenting with right paraduodenal hernia where there are no Ladd's bands and there is no requirement for fetalization of the bowel.
Seltene Ursache eines Perinatalen Postrenalen Nierenversagens mit Megalourethra
Authors: Nagel Christine , Wiewrodt Barbara , Wirth Clemens , Ohnheiser Gerd , Wirbelauer Johannes 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungBei einem Frühgeborenen mit einer mutmaßlichen obstruktiven Uropathie wurde als Ursache eines perinatalen postrenalen Nierenversagens eine Megalourethra nachgewiesen. Die Megalourethra – als eine seltene Differentialdiagnose bei Urethraerweiterung – ist eine angeborene, primär jedoch nicht obstruktive Fehlbildung der penilen Gerüststrukturen mit Dilatation der Urethra. Daher wurde insgesamt von einer distalen Stenose mit konsekutiver Fehlentwicklung der penilen Gerüststrukturen und Aspekt einer Megalourethra ausgegangen. Die weitere Diagnostik umfasste Sonografien des Harntraktes, Miktionszystourethrografie und MAG3-Szintigrafie. Therapeutisch wurde initial eine symptomatische Therapie, wie suprapubische Harnableitung, und im Verlauf eine operative Versorgung (Bengt Johanson) durchgeführt.
The evolution of argument coding patterns in South American languages
Authors: Gildea Spike , Guillaume Antoine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This special issue of JHL reconstructs the diachrony of a number of innovations in the coding of argument structure, particularly in the domain of verbal indexation, in four Amazonian language families (Chapacuran, Sáliban, Tukanoan and Tupi). It is one result of an international workshop on “Diachronic Morphosyntax in South American Languages” held in Lyon (France) in 2015, with financial support from the Collegium de Lyon (Institute for Advanced Study) and the LabEx ASLAN of the Université de Lyon. The goal was to encourage methodologically innovative (and more rigorous) historical studies of morphosyntactic patterns in languages or language families of South America. The five papers that comprise this collection all demonstrate the viability of syntactic reconstruction, even in languages with little or no written history.
Historical change in reported speech constructions in the Chapacuran family
Authors: Birchall Joshua 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The reported speech construction found in the Chapacuran language family of South America has undergone a number of changes in the individual languages, such that its uses extend beyond that of merely reporting speech. In many languages, it is used to express the inner states of the reported speaker, and in some cases it is used to express imperfectivity and causation. This paper argues that the future construction in Moré is a further development of the reported speech construction, one that has been reanalyzed as a basic main clause type. The morphosyntactic properties of the source construction explains the divergent inflectional forms, the loss of object indexation, and the innovation of an object case marker in the future construction. This paper provides new insights into the diachronic pathways that can lead to innovative future constructions as well as the origins of a tense-based split in case marking in Moré.
The Piaroa subject marking system and its diachrony
Authors: Rosés Labrada Jorge Emilio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPiaroa, a member of the Sáliban language family, is spoken on both sides of the Colombian-Venezuelan border. Based on unpublished fieldwork data for Mako and Piaroa and published Piaroa and Sáliba data, this article focuses on the Piaroa subject marking system and its origins. I show that the subject prefixes and inner suffixes used in future tense were inherited from Proto-Sáliban and must therefore have preceded the rise of the right-margin subject markers ‑sæ, -hæand ‑Ø. Based on comparative Mako data, I propose that these markers are old copular suffixes that entered the verbal domain through a nominal predication construction whose use expanded to encode habitual aspect. This research not only constitutes an important contribution to the description of Piaroa but also expands, within a Diachronic Construction Grammar approach, our understanding of complex systems of person marking, the origins of multiple exponence, and the role of multiple source constructions in paradigm creation.
The evolution of subject-verb agreement in Eastern Tukanoan
Authors: Chacon Thiago Costa , Michael Lev 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article describes the evolution of past/perfective subject-verb agreement morphology in the Tukanoan family, reconstructing relevant aspects of Proto-Tukanoan verbal morphology and delineating the subsequent diachronic development of verbal subject agreement morphology in the Eastern branch of the family. We argue that suffixes that cumulatively expone past/perfective and person, number, and gender (png) subject agreement resulted from the fusion of post-verbal demonstratives/pronouns expressingpnginformation with suffixes expressing past/perfectivetaminformation. We propose that differentpngagreement categories developed at successive stages in the diversification of the family, with third person masculine singular subject agreement emerging before otherpngcategories, followed by animate plural agreement, then finally by the development of third person feminine agreement. The result in Eastern Tukanoan was a cross-linguistically unusual agreement system that contrasts four agreement categories: (i) first and second person singular and third person inanimate (singular and plural); (ii) third person animate masculine singular; (iii) third person animate feminine singular; and (iv) third animate plural.
Kinship in three Tamangic varieties
Authors: Hildebrandt Kristine A. , Bond Oliver , Dhakal Dubi Nanda 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe examine kinship terms in three closely related Tamangic varieties: Manange, Nar, and Phu. Using Proto-Tamangic and Proto Tibeto-Burman reconstructions, we track cognate forms as well as structural innovations. Our account allows a first examination of lexico-semantic aspects of Phu, an under-documented representative of the Nar-Phu complex. While Nar-Phu is usually treated as a single language, considerable differences exist in the organization of all three kinship term systems. Kinship terms are considered to be conservative, basic vocabulary and thus indicative of close within-family relationships, but our study shows that even closely related varieties can show considerable differences in kin nomenclature.
Transitivity markers in West Himalayish
Authors: Widmer Manuel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present paper describes a transitivity distinction that is attested in some Tibeto-Burman (TB) languages of the West Himalayish (WH) subgroup. The relevant distinction is encoded by a set of dedicated markers that occur between verb stems and inflectional endings and group verbs into transitivity classes. The paper first offers a synchronic description of transitivity classes in the WH language Bunan, discussing their formal realization and functional motivation. Subsequently, the relevant transitivity classes are discussed from a historical-comparative perspective. It is argued that the transitivity distinction developed when an object agreement marker was reanalyzed as a marker of transitive verbs. The paper thus offers new perspectives on transitivity in TB from both a synchronic and a diacronic point of view, and adduces evidence for a hitherto underscribed reanalysis from “object agreement marker” > “marker of transitive verbs”.
Licensing conditions on null generic subjects in Spanish
Authors: Maddox Matthew L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Holmberg’s (2005, 2010) Null Generic Subject Generalization (NGSG) states that only partial null subject languages allow null generic third-singular subjects while consistent null subject languages (cNSLs) like Spanish only have referential pro due to a D-feature in T. Novel data from Spanish contradicts this. Following Frascarelli (2007), I analyze the licensing of null generic subjects as topic-identification with generic uno. The Special Morphology Condition on the NGSG, which stipulates that generic pro is allowed in cNSLs when licensed by special morphology, cannot account for uno. Thus, we may dispense with the postulation of a D-feature in T in cNSLs. I propose a revised set of licensing conditions on pro in null-subject languages.