bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting care‐experienced adults' educational journeys: “Linked lives” over the life course
Authors: Brady Eavan , Gilligan Robbie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch highlights the role of key actors and relationships in supporting the educational attainment and progress of children in care and care leavers. We know less about how relationships influence the educational journeys of people with care experience over time and how to support the educational progress and engagement of adults with care experience. The principle of “linked lives” is central to the life course perspective referring to the interdependence of human lives throughout the life course. This paper explores how the principle of linked lives can illuminate our understanding of how relationships positively influence the educational journeys of adults with care experience over time. Educational life history interviews were conducted with 18 care‐experienced adults (aged 24–36) in Ireland. Findings suggest that the principle of linked lives is a valuable conceptual tool for providing new insights on this issue. Four key themes were identified: (a) opportunities for educational support are present across the life course; (b) “family” is a central source of educational support; (c) there is intergenerational capacity for educational support; and (d) relationships beyond the “family” are supportive of education. Implications for practice, policy, and research are explored.
Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework
Authors: Sudland Cecilie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSocial workers within child protection services report that families marked by high levels of conflict between separated parents are among the most challenging cases to handle. Few studies however have focussed on how social workers themselves experience and meet with parents involved in hostile martial interactions. This article reports on a qualitative study involving 31 social workers and provides an analysis of their experiences and dilemmas in working with such families. Findings demonstrate that social workers struggle to find ways to help high‐conflict families and often find themselves at an impasse. Parents involved in such conflict are highly resistant to change, and social workers struggle to engage with them over concerns about their children. Furthermore, findings suggest that social workers lack organizationally allotted time to assist the parents. I conclude by discussing ways in which emotional support, empowering interventions, and strength‐based approaches enable social workers to manage relationships with high‐conflict families. More research on this topic is needed to support and promote better practices for social workers to be more effective in assisting high‐conflict families.
Examining individual‐level academic risk and protective factors for foster youth: School engagement, behaviors, self‐esteem, and social skills
Authors: Mihalec‐Adkins Brittany P. , Cooley Morgan E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudents' school engagement is widely regarded as critical for positive school adjustment and overall academic success. Foster youth persistently face poorer educational outcomes than peers and demonstrate lower levels of school engagement and higher levels of academically threatening behaviors. The goals of the present study were (a) to explore relationships amongst various child‐level correlates of school engagement and problem behaviors—namely, self‐esteem and social skills—and (b) to respectively investigate the protective potential of self‐esteem and social skills in the association between school engagement and behavior problems that threaten educational trajectories. Results indicate significant associations between school engagement and problem behaviors, as well as between self‐esteem, social skills, and school engagement. Further, self‐esteem mediated the association between school engagement and both youth‐ and foster parent‐reported externalizing behavior, and social skills mediated the association between school engagement and both youth‐ and foster parent‐reported externalizing behavior. Implications for future practice, research, and policy are discussed.
Context matters: Nonresident grandparent contributions to low‐income rural families
Authors: Yancura Loriena A. , Barnett Melissa A. , Sano Yoshie , Mammen Sheila 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow‐income mothers in rural areas lack access to resources and may rely strongly on support from their children's grandparents. However, most current research on grandparent support focuses on coresidential or custodial grandparents. Very few recent studies focus on the types of support provided by nonresident grandparents, who may be a particularly critical source of support for mothers in rural areas. This qualitative study analyzed interview transcripts from 68 low‐income rural mothers to characterize the support they received from their children's grandparents. Two main themes emerged: multidimensionality and multivalence of support. In many families, resources were limited across generations. Results highlight the importance and complexity of multidimensional and multidirectional intergenerational relationships. Nonresident grandparent support appeared to play a key role in the financial and emotional functioning of these families, which may be overlooked in current research and practice with low‐resource rural families.
Proportionate universalism in child and family social work
Authors: Dierckx Melissa , Devlieghere Jochen , Vandenbroeck Michel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntegrated services in preventive health care and child and family social work increasingly embrace the concept of proportionate universalism (PU) as a means of overcoming the dichotomy between universal and targeted services in contexts of diversity. The implementation of the concept of PU raises several theoretical and empirical questions that form the basis of this article. This study aims to provide more insight in how the concept of PU is operationalized in child and family social work. Qualitative research was performed in three specific cases of child and family social work, the so‐called “Huizen van het Kind” or Children's Houses in Flanders (Belgium). The study triangulates three perspectives: policy, organizational level, and street level. The findings generate three meta‐themes: perseverant structuring of populations or predefinitions, image and conceptualization of the Children's House, and organizational challenges. These results reveal a difference between the theoretical assumption of PU and the practical implementation in child and family social work.
Identification of the gene signature reflecting schizophrenia’s etiology by constructing artificial intelligence‐based method of enhanced reproducibility
Authors: Yang Qing‐Xia , Wang Yun‐Xia , Li Feng‐Cheng , Zhang Song , Luo Yong‐Chao , Li Yi , Tang Jing , Li Bo , Chen Yu‐Zong , Xue Wei‐Wei , Zhu Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsAs one of the most fundamental questions in modern science, “what causes schizophrenia (SZ)” remains a profound mystery due to the absence of objective gene markers. The reproducibility of the gene signatures identified by independent studies is found to be extremely low due to the incapability of available feature selection methods and the lack of measurement on validating signatures’ robustness. These irreproducible results have significantly limited our understanding of the etiology of SZ.MethodsIn this study, a new feature selection strategy was developed, and a comprehensive analysis was then conducted to ensure a reliable signature discovery. Particularly, the new strategy (a) combined multiple randomized sampling with consensus scoring and (b) assessed gene ranking consistency among different datasets, and a comprehensive analysis among nine independent studies was conducted.ResultsBased on a first‐ever evaluation of methods’ reproducibility that was cross‐validated by nine independent studies, the newly developed strategy was found to be superior to the traditional ones. As a result, 33 genes were consistently identified from multiple datasets by the new strategy as differentially expressed, which might facilitate our understanding of the mechanism underlying the etiology of SZ.ConclusionA new strategy capable of enhancing the reproducibility of feature selection in current SZ research was successfully constructed and validated. A group of candidate genes identified in this study should be considered as great potential for revealing the etiology of SZ.
Visual configural processing in adults born at extremely low birth weight
Authors: Mathewson Karen J. , Maurer Daphne , Mondloch Catherine J. , Saigal Saroj , Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBeing born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; ≤1,000 g) is associated with enduring visual impairments. We tested for long‐term, higher order visual processing problems in the oldest known prospectively followed cohort of ELBW survivors. Configural processing (spacing among features of an object) was examined in 62 adults born at ELBW (Mage = 31.9 years) and 82 adults born at normal birth weight (NBW; ≥2,500 g: Mage = 32.5 years). Pairs of human faces, monkey faces, or houses were presented in a delayed match‐to‐sample task, where non‐matching stimuli differed only in the spacing of their features. Discrimination accuracy for each stimulus type was compared between birth weight groups, adjusting for neurosensory impairment, visual acuity, binocular fusion ability, IQ, and sex. Both groups were better able to discriminate human faces than monkey faces (p < .001). However, the ELBW group discriminated between human faces (p < .001), between monkey faces (p < .001), and to some degree, between houses (p < .06), more poorly than NBW control participants, suggesting a general deficit in perceptual processing. Human face discrimination was related to performance IQ (PIQ) across groups, but especially among ELBW survivors. Coding (a PIQ subtest) also predicted human face discrimination in ELBW survivors, consistent with previously reported links between visuo‐perceptive difficulties and regional slowing of cortical activity in individuals born preterm. Correlations with Coding suggested ELBW survivors may have used a feature‐matching approach to processing human faces. Future studies could examine brain‐based anatomical and functional evidence for altered face processing, as well as the social and memory consequences of face‐processing deficits in ELBW survivors.
Reservoir to river: Quantifying fine‐scale fish movements after translocation
Authors: Carpenter‐Bundhoo Luke , Butler Gavin L. , Espinoza Tom , Bond Nick R. , Bunn Stuart E. , Kennard Mark J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTranslocation of individuals is a widely used tool in the conservation of threatened species. The movement behaviours of translocated individuals in their new environment are a key factor that can influence translocation success (i.e. survival and reproduction). In this study, eel‐tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) movements were monitored using fine‐scale acoustic telemetry over a 5‐month period in two lowland rivers in eastern Australia. Fine‐scale movement and habitat selection were compared among translocated lacustrine and resident riverine T. tandanus and between species. We found no difference in fine‐scale movement behaviours between translocated and resident T. tandanus; however, there was some variation in movement response to environmental variation between species. In contrast, habitat selection varied not only between the two species, but also between resident and translocated T. tandanus individuals. Notably, activity was significantly lower in the first day after release compared to the remainder of the study period. Although T. tandanus translocated from a reservoir had never experienced the environmental fluctuations of a riverine system, individuals still responded in the same way as resident riverine fish, suggesting an innate behavioural response. However, this was not the case for habitat selection, where translocated individuals preferred habitats more common in their source population's lacustrine environment. The findings of this study are important in guiding future conservation efforts involving the translocation of wild‐caught fish, primarily the importance of the suitable habitat at the release site to ensure the success and persistence of translocated populations.
The priming effect of food persists following blockade of dopamine receptors
Authors: Evangelista Czarina , Hantson Arne , Shams Waqqas M. , Almey Anne , Pileggi Michael , Voisard Jacques R. , Boulos Vanessa , Al‐qadri Yaman , Gonzalez Cautela Brunella V. , Zhou Fei Xiang , Duchemin Jesse , Habrich Andrew , Tito Noemie , Koumrouyan Ramela A. , Patel Smita , Lorenc Victoria , Gagne Collin , El Oufi Khaoula , Shizgal Peter , Brake Wayne G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe priming effect of rewards is a boost in the vigor of reward seeking resulting from the previous receipt of a reward. Extensive work has been carried out on the priming effect of electrical brain stimulation, but much less research exists on the priming effect of natural rewards, such as food. While both reinforcement and motivation are linked with dopamine transmission in the brain, the priming effect of rewards does not appear to be dopamine‐dependent. In the present study, an operant method was developed to measure the priming effect of food and then applied to investigate whether it is affected by dopamine receptor antagonism. Long‐Evans rats were administered saline or one of the three doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.075 mg/kg) of the dopamine D1 receptor family antagonist, SCH23390, or the dopamine D2 receptor family antagonist, eticlopride. Although dopamine receptor antagonism affected pursuit of food, it did not eliminate the priming effect. These data suggest that despite the involvement of dopamine transmission in reinforcement and motivation, the priming effect of food does not depend on dopamine transmission.
Modulators of the endocannabinoid system influence skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in a mouse model
Authors: Proksch Ehrhardt , Soeberdt Michael , Neumann Claudia , Kilic Ana , Abels Christoph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEndocannabinoids (ECs) are important regulators of cell signalling. Cannabinoid receptors are involved in keratinocyte proliferation/differentiation. Elevation of the endogenous cannabinoid tone leads to strong anti‐inflammatory effects. Here, we explored the influence of endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulators on skin permeability barrier repair, epidermal proliferation, differentiation and inflammation in hairless mice. We used WOBE440, a selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, WOL067‐531, an inhibitor of endocannabinoid reuptake with no relevant FAAH activity, which both signal via cannabinoid receptor‐1 and cannabinoid receptor‐2 (CB‐1R and CB‐2R) and compared them to WOBE15 which signals via CB‐2R. Barrier disruption and skin irritation were induced by tape stripping or by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) patch testing. Immediately after barrier disruption, 30 μL of 0.5% WOBE440, WOL067‐531 and WOBE15 solutions or the vehicle was applied topically. Barrier repair was monitored by transepidermal water loss at 1.5, 3, 5 and 7 hours. We found that barrier repair was significantly delayed by WOL067‐531. A tendency for a delay was noticed for WOBE440, whereas for WOBE15, no effect was observed. Immunohistology showed that the tape‐stripping‐induced increase in epidermal proliferation and filaggrin expression was significantly reduced by topical applications of WOL067‐531 and WOBE440, but not by WOBE15. Also, the SDS‐induced inflammation, as determined by the number of inflammatory cells, was reduced by WOL067‐531 and WOBE440. In summary, we showed that WOL067‐531 exhibits a significant effect on skin barrier repair, epidermal proliferation/differentiation and inflammation.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mti2 and Mti3 act in conjunction during mitochondrial translation initiation
Authors: Luo Ying , Su Ruyue , Wang Yirong , Xie Wanqiu , Liu Zecheng , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2019

Mitochondrial DNA encodes key subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes essential for ATP production. Translation initiation in mitochondria requires two general factors, mtIF2 and mtIF3, whose counterparts in bacteria are essential for protein synthesis. In this study, we report the characterization of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe mtIF2 (Mti2) and mtIF3 (Mti3). Deletion of mti2 impairs cell growth on the respiratory medium. The growth defect of the mti2 deletion mutant can be suppressed by expressing IFM1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of Mti2, demonstrating functional conservation between the two proteins. Deletion of mti2 also impairs mitochondrial protein synthesis. Unlike mti2, deletion of mti3 does not affect cell growth on respiratory media and mitochondrial translation. However, deletion of mti3 exacerbates the growth defect of the Δmti2 mutant, suggesting that the two proteins have distinct, but partially overlapping functions during the process of mitochondrial translation initiation in S. pombe. Both Mti2 and Mti3 are associated with the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). Disruption of mti2, but not mti3, causes dissociation of the mitoribosome and also abolishes Mti3 binding to the small subunit of the mitoribosome. Our results suggest that Mti2 and Mti3 bind in a sequential manner to the small subunit of the mitoribosome and that Mti3 facilitates the function of Mti2 in mitochondrial translation initiation. Our findings also support the view that the importance of the mitochondrial translation initiation factors varies among the organisms.
Organizational design and its consequences for administrative reform: Historical lessons from the U.S. Budget and Accounting Act of 1921
Authors: Krause George A. , Jin Roger Qiyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe landmark U.S. Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 (BAA) instituted a series of administrative reforms that proponents claimed would improve budgetary control, stability, and coherence. We maintain that the compatibility of governance structures between agency and system levels is critical for understanding why these administrative centralization efforts were successful in achieving these aims for some federal agencies but not others. The BAA reforms impact on budgetary outcomes is evaluated using panel data on major U.S. federal agencies between 1894 and 1940. Applying semiparametric heterogeneous treatment estimation techniques, we find compelling support that administrative centralization of the federal budgetary process enhanced budget stability and coherence for executive departments while resulting in a lower caliber of budgetary performance for independent agencies. These findings imply that system‐level administrative centralization efforts may be effective only when public agencies are structurally amenable to such reforms.
Reuse of Drinking Water Treatment Waste for Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Holmes Ryan R. , Hart Megan L. , Kevern John T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLime softening produces an estimated 10,000 metric tons of dry drinking water treatment wastes (DWTW) per year, costing an estimated one billion dollars annually for disposal worldwide. Lime softening wastes have been investigated for reuse as internal curing agents or supplementary cementitious materials in concrete as well as a high‐capacity sorbent for heavy metal removal. Lead, cadmium, and zinc are common heavy metals in groundwater contaminated by mine tailings. Cement‐based filter media (CBFM) are a novel material‐class for heavy metal remediation in groundwater. This study investigated the incorporation of DWTW as a recycled, low‐cost additive to CBFM for the removal of lead, cadmium, and zinc. Jar testing at three different metal concentrations and breakthrough column testing using synthetic groundwater were performed to measure removal capacity and reaction kinetics. Jar testing results show as DWTW content increases at low concentrations, removal approaches 100% but at high metal concentrations removal decreases due to saturation or exhaustion of the removal mechanisms. Removal occurs through the formation of metal carbonate precipitates, surface sorption, and ion exchange with calcium according to the preferential series Pb+2 > Zn+2 > Cd2+. Removal kinetics were also measured through column testing and exceeded estimated calculations derived from batch jar testing isotherms due to the large formation of oolitic metal carbonates. Lead, cadmium, and zinc was concentrated in the column precipitates from 0.29, 0.23, and 20.0 μg/g in the influent solution to approximately 200, 130, 14,000 μg/g in the reacted DWTW‐CBFM. The control and DWTW‐CBFM columns had statically similar removal for zinc and lead. In the DWTW‐CBFM, cadmium had decreased removal of approximately 25% due to proportionately decreased hydroxide content from cement replacement with 25% DWTW. This study shows the potential for DWTW as an enhancement to CBFM, thereby valorizing an otherwise waste material. Furthermore, the concentrative abilities of CBFM through precipitate and oolitic mineral formation could provide a minable waste product and close the waste‐product cycle for DWTW.
Round‐robin exercise on the three‐ and four‐point flexural strength of thin ceramic plates for power modules
Authors: Miyazaki Hiroyuki , Hirao Kiyoshi , Hyuga Hideki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRound‐robin exercises on three‐ and four‐point flexural tests were successfully conducted to evaluate the fracture strength of Si3N4, Al2O3, and AlN thin plates for power modules. A 0.64 mm × 12 mm × 40 mm test specimen was loaded in three‐point flexure with a major span of 30 mm or was loaded in four‐point flexure with a major/minor span of 30/10 mm. For a 0.32 mm × 12 mm × 20 mm test specimen, both major and minor spans were halved. All test specimens were loaded in a fully articulated fixture provided by the test organizer. Reasonable consistencies in the resultant flexural strength were obtained between laboratories, indicating our new test condition for three‐ and four‐point bending of thin ceramic plates is satisfactory for reliable measurement of the flexural strength.
Improvement in heat resistivity of alkaline earth silicate fiber boards by Al4SiC4 coating
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Hashimoto Shinobu , Okamoto Naoyuki , Honda Sawao , Daiko Yusuke , Iwamoto Yuji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlkaline earth silicate (AES) fiber ceramic board was immersed in a novel coating slurry consisting of Al4SiC4 particles and silica‐sol, forming a 500‐μm coating layer on the AES fiber board. Linear shrinkage of the uncoated AES fiber board was over 3.0% after heating at 1100°C or higher for 8 hours, whereas the linear shrinkage of the AES fiber board with an Al4SiC4 coating was below 2.0%. The coating layer of Al4SiC4 changed to a hard shell structure consisting of cristobalite, alumina, and mullite after heating. When AES fiber board with an Al4SiC4 coating layer was heated at 1200°C for 8 hours, the compressive strength of the board reached 0.45 MPa, 2.5 times greater than that of the original uncoated board.