bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of mitochondrial quality following repeated bouts of hindlimb unloading
Authors: Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Brown Jacob L. , Perry Richard A. , Shimkus Kevin L. , Shirazi-Fard Yasaman , Brown Lemuel A. , Hogan Harry A. , Fluckey James D. , Washington Tyrone A. , Wiggs Michael P. , Greene Nicholas P. 
Published: July 2019

Muscle disuse impairs muscle quality and is associated with increased mortality. Little is known regarding additive effects of multiple bouts of disuse, which is a common occurrence in patients experiencing multiple surgeries. Mitochondrial quality is vital to muscle health and quality; however, to date mitochondrial quality control has not been investigated following multiple bouts of disuse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate mitochondrial quality controllers during multiple bouts of disuse by hindlimb unloading. Male rats (n ∼ 8/group) were assigned to the following groups: hindlimb unloading for 28 days, hindlimb unloading with 56 days of reloading, 2 bouts of hindlimb unloading separated by a recovery phase of 56 days of reloading, 2 bouts of hindlimb unloading and recovery after each disuse, or control animals with no unloading. At designated time points, tissues were collected for messenger RNA and protein analysis of mitochondrial quality. Measures of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha, decreased 30%–40% with unloading with no differences noted between unloading conditions. Measures of mitochondrial translation were 40%–50% lower in unloading conditions, with no differences noted between bouts of unloading. Measures of mitophagy were 40%–50% lower with reloading, with no differences noted between reloading conditions. In conclusion, disuse causes alterations in measures of mitochondrial quality; however, multiple bouts of disuse does not appear to have additive effects. Novelty Disuse atrophy causes multiple alterations to mitochondrial quality control. With sufficient recovery most detriments to mitochondrial quality control are fixed. In general, multiple bouts of disuse do not produce additive effects.
NNLO classical solution for Lipatov’s effective action for reggeized gluons
Authors: Bondarenko S. , Pozdnyakov S. 
Published: July 2019

We consider the formalism of small-[Formula: see text] effective action for reggeized gluons[Formula: see text] and, following the approach developed in Refs. 11–17, calculate the classical gluon field to NNLO precision with fermion loops included. It is demonstrated that for each perturbative order, the self-consistency of the equations of motion is equivalent to the transversality conditions applied to the solution of the equations, these conditions allow to construct the general recursive scheme for the solution’s calculation. The one fermion loop contribution to the classical solutions and application of the obtained results are also discussed.
One-Step Synthesis of Rod-Shaped NiFe-MOF as a Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Huang Renxing , Xie Huaming , Liu Xingyong , Lei Ying , Pan Ming 
Published: July 2019

Development of low-cost, highly active catalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction based on earth-abundant metals is still a great challenge. Here, we report that a rod-like bimetallic NiFe metal-organic framework (NiFe-MOF) can directly act as a highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst synthesized by a convenient-to-operate hydrothermal method. The rod-like NiFe-MOF can derive 10[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] with a low overpotential of only 26[Formula: see text]mV, and its Tafel slope is 40.82[Formula: see text]mV[Formula: see text]dec[Formula: see text], which is superior to that of monometallic Ni-MOF or Fe-MOF, and even can be comparable to that of RuO2. To identify the origin of enhancing OER activity, we resorted to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, high resolution transmission electron microscopy image and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques and various electrochemical techniques to probe it gingerly. The results indicate that its high electrochemically active area and the synergistic effect of bimetallic node could be responsible for the surprisingly high catalytic performance of the NiFe-MOF. These results suggest that this kind of bimetallic MOF (NiFe-MOF) could be a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction.
Case Studies in Neuroscience: Instability of the visual near triad in traumatic brain injury—evidence for a putative convergence integrator
Authors: Rucker Janet C. , Buettner-Ennever Jean A. , Straumann Dominik , Cohen Bernard 
Published: July 2019

Deficits of convergence and accommodation are common following traumatic brain injury, including mild traumatic brain injury, although the mechanism and localization of these deficits have been unclear and supranuclear control of the near-vision response has been incompletely understood. We describe a patient who developed profound instability of the near-vision response with inability to maintain convergence and accommodation following mild traumatic brain injury, who was identified to have a structural lesion on brain MRI in the pulvinar of the caudal thalamus, the pretectum, and the rostral superior colliculus. We discuss the potential relationship between posttraumatic clinical near-vision response deficits and the MRI lesion in this patient. We further propose that the MRI lesion location, specifically the rostral superior colliculus, participates in neural integration for convergence holding, given its proven anatomic connections with the central mesencephalic reticular formation and C-group medial rectus motoneurons in the oculomotor nucleus, which project to extraocular muscle nontwitch fibers specialized for fatigue-resistant, slow, tonic activity such as vergence holding. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Supranuclear control of the near-vision response has been incompletely understood to date. We propose, based on clinical and anatomic evidence, functional pathways for vergence that participate in the generation of the near triad, “slow vergence,” and vergence holding.
Anti-miRNA Oligonucleotide Therapy for Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Sun Xiaojuan , Chen Yupeng , Yu Hongchuan , Machan Jason T. , Alladin Ashna , Ramirez Jose , Taliano Ross , Hart Jesse , Chen Qian , Terek Richard M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor mostly occurring in adults. There are no effective systemic treatments, and patients with this disease have poor survival. miR-181a is an oncomiR that is overexpressed in high-grade chondrosarcoma and promotes tumor progression. Regulator of G-protein signaling 16 (RGS16) is a target of miR-181a. Inhibition of RGS16 expression by miR-181a enhances CXC chemokine receptor 4 signaling, which in turn increases MMP1 and VEGF expression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here, we report the results of systemic treatment with anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) directed against miR-181a utilizing a nanopiece delivery platform (NPs). NPs were combined with a molecular beacon or anti–miR-181a oligonucleotides and are shown to transfect chondrosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Intratumoral injection and systemic delivery had similar effects on miR-181a expression in nude mice bearing chondrosarcoma xenografts. Systemic delivery of NPs carrying anti–miR-181a also restored RGS16 expression, decreased expression of VEGF and MMP1, MMP activity, and tumor volume by 32% at day 38, and prolonged survival from 23% to 45%. In conclusion, these data support that systemic delivery of AMO shows promise for chondrosarcoma treatment.
Parental Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke or Atrial Fibrillation in Young Adults
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Yan Lin , Roos Leslie L. , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
Cryptogenic strokes are often the first clinical manifestation of undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). We designed this study to test whether parental AF is a risk factor for stroke in young adults.

Methods—
Population-based cohort study using linked administrative databases from April 1, 1972 to March 31, 2016 in Manitoba, Canada for 325 333 offspring (age ≥18 years) with at least 1 linked parent (total 582 195 parents). We examined the association between parental history of AF and stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the offspring using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results—
Offspring median age at study entry was 18 years. During 5.533 million person-years of follow-up (mean 17 years), 8678 offspring had an incident stroke or TIA (5.2% of the 24 583 offspring with a parental history of AF compared with 2.5% of the 300 750 offspring with no parental history of AF), and 1430 were diagnosed with AF (1.9% versus 0.3%). Incidence rates for stroke/TIA were higher in offspring with a parental history of AF (195.0 versus 156.6 per 100 000 person-years). Parental AF was associated with elevated risk in offspring of stroke/TIA (hazard ratio 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04–1.18) or AF (hazard ratio 1.75; 95% CI, 1.55–1.97) and a higher frequency of other cardiovascular risk factors. After adjusting for demographics, region of residence, socioeconomic status, and other stroke risk factors in offspring, parental AF was associated with AF in their offspring in young adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio 1.61; 95% CI, 1.43–1.82); the association of parental AF with offspring stroke/TIA was attenuated (adjusted hazard ratio 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99–1.12) after adjusting for the other cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions—
Parental AF is associated with increased risk of AF and other cardiovascular risk factors in their offspring during early adulthood, resulting in increased stroke risk.
Functional Outcome Following Stroke Thrombectomy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Wollenweber Frank A. , Tiedt Steffen , Alegiani Anna , Alber Burkhard , Bangard Christopher , Berrouschot Jörg , Bode Felix J. , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Bohner Georg , Bormann Albrecht , Braun Michael , Dorn Franziska , Eckert Bernd , Flottmann Fabian , Hamann Gerhard F. , Henn Karl-Heinz , Herzberg Moriz , Kastrup Andreas , Kellert Lars , Kraemer Christoffer , Krause Lars , Lehm Manuel , Liman Jan , Lowens Stephan , Mpotsaris Anastasios , Papanagiotou Panagiotis , Petersen Martina , Petzold Gabor C. , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Reich Arno , von Rennenberg Regina , Röther Joachim , Schäfer Jan-Hendrik , Siebert Eberhard , Siedow Andreas , Solymosi Laszlo , Thonke Sven , Wagner Marlies , Wunderlich Silke , Zweynert Sarah , Nolte Christian H. , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Dichgans Martin , Fiehler Jens 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
Endovascular treatment for large vessel occlusion in ischemic stroke has proven to be effective in large clinical trials. We aimed to provide real-world estimates of endovascular treatment reperfusion rates and functional outcome on a countrywide scale.

Methods—
Two thousand seven hundred ninety-four patients with large vessel occlusion were included into an investigator-initiated, industry-independent, prospective registry in 25 sites in Germany between June 2015 and April 2018. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin Scale ranging from zero (no symptoms) to 6 (death) at 3 months. Secondary analyses included the prediction of a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2). Dichotomized analyses of predictors were performed using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Results—

Median age was 75 years (interquartile range, 64–82); median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 15 (interquartile range, 10–19). Vessel occlusion was in the anterior circulation in 2265 patients (88%) and in the posterior circulation in 303 patients (12%). Intravenous alteplase before endovascular treatment was given in 1457 patients (56%). Successful reperfusion was achieved in 2143 subjects (83%). At 3 months, 854 patients (37%) showed a good outcome; mortality was 29%. There was no difference between anterior and posterior circulation occlusions (
P
=0.27). Significant predictors for a good outcome were younger age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05–1.07), no interhospital transfer (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03–1.88), lower stroke severity (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08–1.13), smaller infarct size (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15–1.39), alteplase use (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08–2.06), and reperfusion success (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.45–1.96).

Conclusions—
High rates of favorable outcome can be achieved on a countrywide scale by endovascular treatment. Mortality appears to be greater in the daily routine than otherwise reported by authors of large randomized trials. There were no outcome differences between the anterior and posterior circulation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03356392.
100 Years of Progress on Mountain Meteorology Research
Authors: Smith Ronald B. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMountains significantly influence weather and climate on Earth, including disturbed surface winds; altered distribution of precipitation; gravity waves reaching the upper atmosphere; and modified global patterns of storms, fronts, jet streams, and climate. All of these impacts arise because Earth’s mountains penetrate deeply into the atmosphere. This penetration can be quantified by comparing mountain heights to several atmospheric reference heights such as density scale height, water vapor scale height, airflow blocking height, and the height of natural atmospheric layers. The geometry of Earth’s terrain can be analyzed quantitatively using statistical, matrix, and spectral methods. In this review, we summarize how our understanding of orographic effects has progressed over 100 years using the equations for atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics, numerical modeling, and many clever in situ and remote sensing methods. We explore how mountains disturb the surface winds on our planet, including mountaintop winds, severe downslope winds, barrier jets, gap jets, wakes, thermally generated winds, and cold pools. We consider the variety of physical mechanisms by which mountains modify precipitation patterns in different climate zones. We discuss the vertical propagation of mountain waves through the troposphere into the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Finally, we look at how mountains distort the global-scale westerly winds that circle the poles and how varying ice sheets and mountain uplift and erosion over geologic time may have contributed to climate change.
“Freshwater” in the Ocean is Not a Useful Parameter in Climate Research
Authors: Schauer Ursula , Losch Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOcean water is freshwater with salt. The distribution of salt concentration in the ocean changes by addition and removal of freshwater in the form of precipitation, continental runoff, and evaporation, and by a flow of saline ocean water that gives rise to a salt flux divergence. Often, changes in salinity are described in terms of “freshwater content” changes and oceanic “freshwater transports,” defined as fractions of freshwater. But these freshwater fractions are arbitrary, because they are defined by a nonunique reference salinity. Also all temporal and spatial comparisons and anomalies of such freshwater fractions in the ocean depend on the choice of reference salinity in a nonlinear way, because in the definition of the fraction it appears in the denominator. Consequently, any conclusion based on the comparison of freshwater fractions is ambiguous. Since there is no definite physical constraint for a unique reference salinity, freshwater fractions are declared not useful for the assessment of the state of ocean regions and the associated changes. In the light of ongoing changes in the water cycle and the global nature of climate science, scientific results need to be expressed in a way so that they can be easily compared and integrated in a global perspective. To this end, we recommend to avoid freshwater fraction as a parameter describing the ocean state. Instead, one should use the terms of the salt budget to obtain unique results for quantifying and comparing salinity.
Are claims of non-inferiority of Internet and computer-based cognitive-behavioural therapy compared with in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy for adults with anxiety disorders supported by the evidence from head-to-head randomised controlled trials? A systematic review
Authors: O’Kearney Richard , Kim Sheri , Dawson Rachelle L , Calear Alison L 
Published: July 2019

Objective: This review examines the evidence from head-to-head randomised controlled trials addressing whether the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorders in adults delivered by computer or online (computer- and Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy) is not inferior to in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy for reducing levels of symptoms and producing clinically significant gains at post-treatment and at follow-up. A supplementary aim is to examine the evidence for severity as a moderator of the relative efficacy of computer- and Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy and in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy. Method: PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane database of randomised trials were searched for randomised controlled trials of cognitive-behavioural therapy for these disorders with at least an in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy and Internet or computer cognitive-behavioural therapy arm. Results: A total of 14 randomised controlled trials (9 Internet, 5 computer) of cognitive-behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder, panic disorder and specific phobia and 3 reports of effect moderators were included. One study showed a low risk of bias when assessed against risk of bias criteria for non-inferiority trials. The remaining studies were assessed as high or unclear risk of bias. One study found that Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy was superior and non-inferior at post-treatment and follow-up to group in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder. One study of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for panic disorder showed non-inferiority to individual in-person cognitive-behavioural therapy for responder status at post-treatment and one of Internet cognitive-behavioural therapy for panic disorder for symptom severity at follow-up. Other comparisons (22 Internet, 13 computer) and for estimates pooled for Internet cognitive-behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder, Internet cognitive-behavioural therapy for panic disorder and computer-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy studies did not support non-inferiority. Evidence of effect moderation by severity and co-morbidity was mixed. Conclusion: There is limited evidence from randomised controlled trials which supports claims that computer- or Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders is not inferior to in-person delivery. Randomised controlled trials properly designed to test non-inferiority are needed before conclusions about the relative benefits of in-person and Internet- and computer-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy can be made. Prospero: CRD420180961655-6
Factors that predict weight gain among first-year college students
Authors: Yan Zi , Harrington Alexandra 
Published: July 2019

Aim and objectives: In the USA, undergraduate students gain more weight in the first year in college than at any other point in their lives. However, the factors that predict their weight gain are unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictors of weight gain among first-year college students at a US college over a 3-month period. Design: Correlational longitudinal study using baseline and follow-up self-report survey data. Setting: A private college in the Northeastern USA. Methods: A total of 110 first-year college students were invited to complete both baseline and follow-up surveys 3 months apart. The baseline survey examined participants’ knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, intentions and practices regarding physical activity, diet and stress management. The follow-up survey evaluated barriers to diet and exercise practices. Results: Knowledge, attitudes, intentions and behavioural practices did not predict weight change. However, students who gained weight perceived significantly more personal and environmental barriers than those who did not change weight on the following variables: lack of motivation to exercise, no time to eat healthily, perception of lack of healthy food options and impact of bad weather on exercise. Conclusion: Even living in the same college environment, students perceive environmental barriers differently, which was associated with body weight gain. Health education and promotion professionals should guide students to overcome barriers to healthy eating and exercise, as well as making the campus environment more conducive to healthy behaviour.
Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Extra-articular Bone Tunnel Model: A Comparison of Fresh Autologous Bone Marrow and Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Lu Jun , Chamberlain Connie S. , Ji Ming-liang , Saether Erin E. , Leiferman Ellen M. , Li Wan-Ju , Vanderby Ray 
Published: July 2019

Background: Despite widespread acceptance of fresh autologous bone marrow (BM) for use in clinical practice, limited information exists to analyze if tendon-to-bone healing could be accelerated with local use of fresh autologous BM. Purpose: To investigate the effect of fresh autologous BM on tendon-to-bone healing with a novel rat model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: An extra-articular bone tunnel was created and filled with an autologous tendon graft in skeletally mature Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 60). They were then randomly divided into 3 groups: BM group (injection of fresh autologous BM into the tendon-bone interface, n = 20), BM-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) group (injection of allogenic cultured BMSCs, n = 20), and the control group (tendon-bone interface without injection of BM or BMSCs, n = 20). Biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. Results: The BM group showed a relatively well-organized and dense connective tissue interface with better orientation of collagen fibers as compared with the BMSC group. At 2 weeks, the tendon-bone interface tissue thickness of the BMSC group was 140 ± 25 μm (mean ± SEM), which was significantly greater than the BM group (58 ± 15 μm). The BM group showed fewer M1 macrophages at the tendon-bone interface at 2 and 6 weeks ( P < .001). In contrast, there were more M2 macrophages at the interface in the BM group 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively when compared with controls and the BMSC group ( P < .001). Biomechanical tests revealed significantly higher stiffness in the BM group versus the control and BMSC groups at 2 and 6 weeks after surgery ( P < .05). Load to failure showed similar trends to stiffness. Conclusion: These findings indicate that local delivery of fresh autologous BM enhances tendon-to-bone healing better than the alternative treatments in this study. This effect may be partially due to the observed modulation of inflammatory processes, especially in M2 macrophage polarization. Clinical Relevance: Fresh autologous BM could be a treatment option for this disorder.