bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Pure Silk for the Treatment of Large Superficial Burn Wounds Covering Over 10% of the Total Body Surface
Authors: Schiefer Jennifer Lynn , Daniels Marc , Grigutsch Daniel , Fuchs Paul Christian , Schulz Alexandra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Large, superficial burn wounds require many painful dressing changes and, thus, dressings that can stay on the wound and peel off during re-epithelization such as Biobrane® and Suprathel® are preferred, but they are costly. Natural silk has shown good outcomes with respect to wound healing, scarring, and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of natural silk compared with that of initially used dressings for the treatment of superficial burn wounds greater than 10% of the TBSA. Patients with superficial burns covering &gt;10% of the TBSA were treated with pure silk for the first time (treatment group). Complications during wound healing with respect to the need for further surgery and scarring were compared with those of patients with similar burns of more than 10% TBSA and treated with nylon mesh and collagen instead of silk (treatment group). The treatment and control group comprised 25 and 13 patients, respectively. In total, 88% of patients in the treatment group did not require further treatment, while two patients with chemical burns needed further surgeries. Moreover, patients reported high satisfaction with respect to scarring and aesthetic outcome. Meanwhile, 85% of patients in the control group healed without further surgery and showed higher median hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation after 12 months. Silk is an effective wound dressing for the treatment of large superficial burn wounds. It avoids painful dressing changes and yields satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. However, especially in large burns, careful initial wound depth assessment is crucial to prevent infection and reoperations.
A Proposed Grading Scale for Predicting Outcomes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Mohammed Nasser , Hung Yi-Chieh , Chen Ching-Jen , Xu Zhiyuan , Schlesinger David , Kano Hideyuki , Chiang Veronica , Hess Judith , Lee John , Mathieu David , Kaufmann Anthony M , Grills Inga S , Cifarelli Christopher P , Vargo John A , Chytka Tomas , Janouskova Ladislava , Feliciano Caleb E , Mercado Rafael Rodriguez , Lunsford L Dade , Sheehan Jason P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There are presently no grading scales that specifically address the outcomes of cranial dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

OBJECTIVE
To design a practical grading system that would predict outcomes after SRS for cranial dAVFs.

METHODS
From the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation (University of Pittsburgh [41 patients], University of Pennsylvania [6 patients], University of Sherbrooke [2 patients], University of Manitoba [1 patient], West Virginia University [2 patients], University of Puerto Rico [1 patient], Beaumont Health System 1 [patient], Na Homolce Hospital [13 patients], the University of Virginia [48 patients], and Yale University [6 patients]) centers, 120 patients with dAVF treated with SRS were included in the study. The factors predicting favorable outcome (obliteration without post-SRS hemorrhage) after SRS were assessed using logistic regression analysis. These factors were pooled with the factors that were found to be predictive of obliteration from 7 studies with 736 patients after a systematic review of literature. These were entered into stepwise multiple regression and the best-fit model was identified.

RESULTS
Based on the predictive model, 3 factors emerged to develop an SRS scoring system: cortical venous reflux (CVR), prior intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and noncavernous sinus location. Class I (score of 0-1 points) predicted the best favorable outcome of 80%. Class II patients (2 points score) had an intermediate favorable outcome of 57%, and class III (score 3 points) had the least favorable outcome at 37%. The ROC analysis showed better predictability to prevailing grading systems (AUC = 0.69; P = .04). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed statistically significant difference between the 3 subclasses of the proposed grading system for post-SRS dAVF obliteration (P = .001).

CONCLUSION
The proposed dAVF grading system incorporates angiographic, anatomic, and clinical parameters and improves the prediction of the outcomes following SRS for dAVF as compared to the existing scoring systems.
Tumor-associated macrophage infiltration in meningioma
Authors: Proctor Dustin T , Huang Jordan , Lama Sanju , Albakr Abdulrahman , Van Marle Guido , Sutherland Garnette R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Meningioma, a most common brain tumor, has a high rate of recurrence. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cell type in meningioma. TAMs display functional phenotypic diversity and may establish either an inflammatory and anti-tumoral or an immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral microenvironment. TAM subtypes present in meningioma and potential contribution to growth and recurrence is unknown.

Methods
Immunofluorescence staining was used to quantify M1 and M2 TAM populations in tissues obtained from 30 meningioma patients. Associations between M1 and M2 cells, M1:M2 cell ratio to tumor characteristics, WHO grade, recurrence, size, location, peri-tumoral edema, and patient demographics such as age and sex were examined.

Results
TAM cells accounted for ~18% of all cells in meningioma tissues. More than 80% of infiltrating TAMs were found to be of pro-tumoral M2 phenotype and correlated to tumor size (P = .0409). M1:M2 cell ratio was significantly decreased in WHO grade II, compared to grade I tumors (P = .009). Furthermore, a 2.3-fold difference in M1:M2 ratio between primary (0.14) and recurrent (0.06) tumors was observed (n = 18 and 12 respectively, P = .044).

Conclusion
This study is the first to confirm existence of pro-tumoral M2 TAMs in the meningioma microenvironment, emphasizing its potential role in tumor growth and recurrence.
Harm and Addiction Perceptions of the JUUL E-Cigarette Among Adolescents
Authors: Russell Christopher , Katsampouris Evangelos , Mckeganey Neil 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
This study assessed adolescents’ harm and addiction perceptions of the highest-selling brand—JUUL—of the most commonly used tobacco product—electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)—among adolescents in the United States.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey assessed use and perceptions of the harmfulness and addictiveness of the JUUL e-cigarette and conventional tobacco cigarettes in a nationally representative sample of 9865 adolescents aged 13–17 years in the United States. Associations between adolescents’ harm and addiction perceptions and their use of a JUUL e-cigarette were examined through multinomial logistic regression models.

Results
Overall, 6.1% and 9.3% of adolescents believed daily use and occasional use of a JUUL e-cigarette, respectively, would cause them no harm. Around 11.3% believed they would either never experience harm from using a JUUL e-cigarette or they could use a JUUL e-cigarette for at least 20 years before experiencing any harm, and 7.3% believed they would be “very unlikely” to become addicted to using a JUUL e-cigarette. Overall, 39.3% and 29.3% of adolescents perceived the JUUL e-cigarette as “less harmful” and “less addictive” than conventional cigarettes, respectively. Compared to never users of the JUUL e-cigarette, current and former users held significantly lower harm and addiction perceptions of the JUUL e-cigarette on all measures.

Conclusions
The majority of adolescents believed using a JUUL e-cigarette would put them at, at least, some risk for experiencing health problems and addiction. A smaller but significant proportion believed they could use a JUUL e-cigarette without ever being harmed by or becoming addicted to the JUUL e-cigarette.

Implications
The study reports adolescents’ perceptions of the harmfulness and addictiveness of the highest-selling brand of the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. Though the majority of adolescents correctly believed that using a JUUL e-cigarette would put them at, at least, some risk for experiencing health problems and addiction, a small proportion believed that using a JUUL e-cigarette would be risk free. Correcting such risk-free perceptions may reduce adolescents’ interest in trying and continuing to use JUUL e-cigarettes.
Flow
Authors: Ohriner Mitchell 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Originating in dance parties in the South Bronx in the late 1970s, hip hop and rap music have become a dominant style of popular music in the United States and a force for activism all over the world. So, too, has scholarship on this music grown, yet much of this scholarship, employing methods drawn from sociology and literature, leaves unaddressed the expressive musical choices made by hip-hop artists. This book addresses flow, the rhythm of the rapping voice. Flow presents theoretical and analytical challenges not encountered elsewhere. It is rhythmic as other music is rhythmic. But it is also rhythmic as speech and poetry are rhythmic. Key concepts related to rhythm, such as meter, periodicity, patterning, and accent, are treated independently in scholarship of music, poetry, and speech. This book reconciles those approaches, theorizing flow by integrating the methods of computational music analysis and humanistic close reading. Through the analysis of large collections of verses, it addresses questions in the theories of rhythm, meter, and groove in the unique ecology of rap music. Specifically, the work of Eminem clarifies how flow relates to text, the work of Black Thought clarifies how flow relates to other instrumental streams, and the work of Talib Kweli clarifies how flow relates to rap’s persistent meter. Although the focus throughout is rap music, the methods introduced are appropriate for other genres mix voices and more rigid metric frameworks and further extends the valuable work on hip hop from other perspectives in recent years.
An Analysis of the Power to Issue Ordinance in India
Authors: Bhardwaj Chandrasekaran Mridul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ordinances making power is one of the most controversial powers that has been vested with executive in India. This power is a substitute of legislative power of the legislature and is meant to be used only in situations comprising of exigencies. However, in practicality this power has often been misused by the executive, and is used to circumvent the legislative process. Due the misuse of this power, it is imperative to examine its history and scope. The power to make ordinance have been a reminiscent of the British rule in India. It was conceptualized through the various Government of India acts, and then post-independence it was adopted under the Indian Constitution. Though the present form of ordinance making power is much more curtailed when compared to the British era, still it leaves ample discretion at the hand of executive to use it erroneously for political gains.
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Elicit Lower Direct Inhibitory Effect on Human Gut Microbiota Than Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Agans Richard T , Gordon Alex , Hussain Saber , Paliy Oleg 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Due to continued technological development, people increasingly come in contact with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that are now used in foods and many industrial applications. Many ENMs have historically been shown to possess antimicrobial properties, which has sparked concern for how dietary nanomaterials impact gastrointestinal health via microbial dysbiosis. We employed an in vitro Human Gut Simulator system to examine interactions of dietary nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) with human gut microbiota. Electron microscopy indicated a close association of TiO2 particles with bacterial cells. Addition of TiO2 to microbial communities led to a modest reduction in community density but had no impact on community diversity and evenness. In contrast, administration of known antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (NPs) in a control experiment resulted in a drastic reduction of population density. In both cases, communities recovered once the addition of nanomaterials was ceased. Constrained ordination analysis of community profiles revealed that simulated colonic region was the primary determinant of microbiota composition. Accordingly, predicted community functional capacity and measured production of short-chain fatty acids were not changed significantly upon microbiota exposure to TiO2. We conclude that tested TiO2 NPs have limited direct effect on human gut microbiota.
Kangaroo Mother Care in Hospitalized Low Birth-Weight Infants on Respiratory Support
Authors: Bisanalli Shridevi , Nesargi Saudamini , Govindu Ram Mohan , Rao Suman PN 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Low birth-weight (LBW) infants on respiratory support are often deprived of kangaroo mother care (KMC) due to fear of instability. Data on safety of KMC in these infants are lacking.

Primary Objective:
To determine the feasibility of KMC in LBW infants on continuous positive airway pressure or synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation.

Secondary Objectives:
To compare vital signs (heart rate [HR], respiration, temperature, and Spo
2) and ventilatory parameters (Fio
2, peak inspiratory pressure [PIP], and positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP]) before, during, and after KMC, and assess the mother's perception of the KMC intervention.

Methods:
LBW infants stable on respiratory support were given KMC for 1 hour. Vital signs and ventilator parameters were recorded before, every 15 minutes during and after KMC. Feasibility was defined as continuation of KMC for 1 hour without interruption, with stable vital signs (HR > 100/min, Spo
2 > 90%, and temperature 36.5°C-37.5°C) and ventilator parameters (no change in PIP, PEEP, or increase in Fio
2 not more than 0.1) without tube dislodgement.

Results:
Twenty LBW infants with a mean birth weight of 1390 ± 484 g were included. All infants completed 1-hour duration of KMC without interruption. No significant changes in temperature, respiratory rates, or saturations were noted. The HR and Fio
2 were marginally higher during KMC than before or after (HR before 147.3 ± 11.5, during 150.8 ± 11, and after 147.3 ± 11.1, P = .04; Fio
2 before 30.6 ± 8.1, during 31.8 ± 8.1, and after 30.7 ± 8.0, P = .034). No accidental extubation or dislodgement of lines occurred. Most mothers were happy.

Implications for Practice:
The vital signs were stable during KMC. KMC is feasible in infants receiving respiratory support.

Implications for Research:
Effectiveness of early initiation and prolonged duration of KMC.
Giving Voice to Parents in the Development of the Preemie Prep for Parents (P3) Mobile App
Authors: Pizur-Barnekow Kris , Kim Una Olivia , Ahamed Sheikh I. , Hasan Md kamrul K. , Dreier Shannon , Leuthner Steven R. , Rau Nicole , Basir Mir A. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Parents at risk for preterm birth frequently receive prematurity education when the mother is hospitalized for premature labor. Parental ability to learn and consider the information is limited because of the stress of the hospitalization. A promising approach is dissemination of information to at-risk parents before the birth hospitalization.

Purpose:
This article describes formative research used to develop smartphone-based prematurity education app for parents at-risk for preterm birth.

Methods:
Stakeholders were parents with a prior preterm birth. Using stakeholder meeting transcripts, constant comparative analysis was used to reflect upon the parental voice.

Results:
The parents named the app, Preemie Prep for Parents (P3). Parent perspectives revealed desire for information in the following 5 categories. (1) Power in knowledge and control: parents want autonomy when learning information that may influence medical decision-making. (2) Content and framing of information: they desire information from a trusted resource that helps promote prenatal health and provides neonatal intensive care information. (3) Displaying content: parents want personalization, push notifications, photographs displaying fetal development, and easy-to-understand statistics. (4) Providing information without causing harm: they desire non–value-laden information, and they do not support “gamifying” the app to enhance utilization. (5) Decision making: parents want information that would benefit their decision making without assuming that parents have a certain outlook on life or particular values.

Implications for Practice:
These findings support the need for the P3 App to aid in decision making when parents experience preterm birth.

Implications for Research:
The findings highlight the need to study the effects of smartphone-based prematurity education on medical decision-making.
Implant Design and the Anchoring Mechanism Influence the Incidence of Heterotopic Ossification in Cervical Total Disc Replacement at 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Mehren Christoph , Wuertz-Kozak Karin , Sauer Daniel , Hitzl Wolfgang , Pehlivanoglu Tuna , Heider Franziska 
Published: September 2019

Study Design.
A nonrandomized, prospective, and single-center clinical trial.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the prosthesis design, and especially changes in the primary anchoring mechanism between the keel-based ProDisc C and the spike-based ProDisc Vivo, affects the frequency of heterotopic ossification (HO) formation over time.

Summary of Background Data.
The occurrence of motion-restricting HO as well as underlying risk factors has so far been a widely discussed, but not well understand phenomenon. The anchoring mechanism and the opening of the anterior cortex may be possible causes of this unwanted complication.

Methods.
Forty consecutive patients treated with the ProDisc C and 42 consecutive patients treated with the ProDisc Vivo were compared with respect to radiological and clinical outcome, with 2 years of follow-up. Clinical outcome scores included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and arm and neck pain self-assessment questionnaires. Radiological outcomes included the segmental lordosis and range of motion (ROM) of the index-segment as well as the occurrence of HO.

Results.
The clinical outcome parameters improved in both groups significantly. [ProDisc C: VAS arm and neck pain from 6.3 and 6.2 preoperatively to 0.7 and 1.3; NDI from 23.0 to 3.7; ProDisc Vivo: VAS arm and neck pain from 6.3 and 4.9 to 1.4 and 1.6, NDI from 34.1 to 8.7; 2-year follow-up (FU)]. The ProDisc Vivo cohort demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of HO than the ProDisc C group at 1-year FU (P = 0.0005) and 2-year FU (P = 0.005). Specifically, high-grade HO occurred in 9% versus 31%.

Conclusion.
These findings demonstrate that prosthesis designs that allow primary anchoring without violation of the cortical surface help to reduce the incidence of severe ossification, possibly affecting the functionality and mobility of the artificial disc device over of time.

Level of Evidence: 3
Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training on Physical Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Gore Shweta 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
Mobility deficits and cognitive decline have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) interventions have reported the transfer of improvements in cognitive function to gait and mobility. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week CCT program on mobility in older adults with CVD.

Methods:
A quasi-experimental design was used. Noninstitutionalized older adults with CVD who could speak and understand English and were computer users were recruited. Participants were divided into a control group (n = 11) and an intervention group (n = 16) that received a progressively challenging CCT program. Testing was performed at baseline and after intervention. Baseline differences were examined using Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. Changes in outcomes after intervention were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results:
Statistically significant improvements in gait speed (0.23 min/s) were found in the intervention group after intervention. No significant differences were noted in other mobility/cognitive measures.

Conclusions:
A transference of the effects of CCT on mobility was found in older adults with CVD with clinically meaningful improvement in gait speed after 18 CCT sessions. These results indicate the positive impact of CCT in facilitating improvements in mobility.
The ACIRA Registry: A Regional Tool to Improve the Healthcare Pathway for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Coronary Angiographies in the French Aquitaine Region: Study Design and First Results
Authors: Lesaine Emilie , Saillour-Glenisson Florence , Leymarie Jean-Louis , Jamet Isabelle , Fernandez Laura , Perez Corinne , Legrand Jean-Pierre , Salmi Louis-Rachid , Coste Pierre 
Published: September 2019

Background:
In France, there is a lack of information about practices and pathways of coronary angiographies and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). We present the design and the first results of the ACIRA registry, the goal of which is to answer questions about quality, security, appropriateness, efficiency of, and access to interventional cardiology (IC) healthcare pathway in the French Aquitaine region.

Methods:
The ACIRA registry is an on-going, multicenter, prospective, exhaustive, scalable, and nominative cohort study of patients who undergo coronary angiographies or percutaneous coronary intervention in any of the catheterization laboratories. The data related to hospitalizations and procedures are directly extracted from hospital information systems. In-hospital mortality, readmissions, and cardiovascular morbidity are collected from the French hospital medical information system database. An identity management system has been implemented to create the patient health care pathway.

Results:
From January 1, 2012, to June 30, 2018, 147,136 procedures performed on 106,005 patients have been included in the ACIRA registry.

Conclusions:
ACIRA has shown its ability to study the patient IC healthcare pathway, up to 1 year after the procedure. Nominative data enable the linkage between clinical and medico-administrative databases and possible supplementary data collection. The use of existing databases allowed us to limit patients lost to follow-up, prevent the double entry of data, improve data quality, and reduce the operating costs. The prospect of linkage with the French National Health Data System may offer promising opportunities for future medical research projects and for developing collaboration and benchmarking with other IC registries abroad.