bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence and contributing determinants – the HELIUS study
Authors: van Laer Stag D , Snijder Marieke B , Agyemang Charles , Peters Ron JG , van den Born Bert-Jan H 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThere are important ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension-mediated cardiovascular complications, but there is ongoing debate on the nature of these differences. We assessed the contribution of lifestyle, socio-economic and psychosocial variables to ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Healthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study, including 21,520 participants aged 18–70 years of South-Asian Surinamese (n = 3032), African Surinamese (n = 4124), Ghanaian (n = 2331), Turkish (n = 3594), Moroccan (n = 3891) and Dutch (n = 4548) ethnic origin. Ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence rates were examined using logistic regression models.ResultsAfter adjustment for a broad range of variables, significant higher hypertension prevalence compared to the Dutch population remained in Ghanaian men (odds ratio 2.62 (95% confidence interval 2.14–3.22)) and women (4.16 (3.39–5.12)), African Surinamese men (1.62 (1.37–1.92)) and women (2.70 (2.29–3.17)) and South-Asian Surinamese men (1.22 (1.15–1.46)) and women (1.84 (1.53–2.22)). In contrast, Turkish men (0.72 (0.60–0.87)) and Moroccan men (0.50 (0.41–0.61)) and women (0.57 (0.46–0.71)) had a lower hypertension prevalence compared with the Dutch population. The differences in hypertension prevalence were present across different age groups and persisted after stratification for body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.ConclusionLarge ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence exist that are already present in young adulthood. Adjustment for common variables known to be associated with a higher risk of hypertension explained the higher adjusted prevalence rates among Turks and Moroccans, but not in African and South-Asian descent populations who remained to have a higher rate of hypertension compared to the Dutch host population.
Tailoring surgical interventions to treat obstructive sleep apnoea: one size does not fit all
Authors: Sethukumar Priya , Kotecha Bhik 
Published: October 2018

While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the gold standard treatment of choice in patients with moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), surgery has been established as a means to improve compliance and facilitate the use of CPAP, both of which are potential pitfalls in the efficacy of this treatment modality. In a minority of cases, with obvious oropharyngeal anatomical obstruction, corrective surgery may completely alleviate the need for CPAP treatment. In this review, we summarise clinical assessment, surgical options, discuss potential new treatments, and outline the importance of investigating and addressing the multiple anatomical levels that can contribute to OSA. Research into effectiveness of these procedures is rapidly accumulating, and surgery can be an effective treatment. However, given the myriad of options available and multiple levels of anatomical pathology that can present, it is imperative that correctly selected patients are matched with the most appropriate treatment for the best outcomes.Key pointsOSA is an increasingly prevalent disorder which has significant systemic effects if left untreated.Anatomical abnormalities can be corrected surgically to good effect with a growing and robust evidence base.Drug-induced sleep endoscopy is a key tool in the otolaryngologist's armamentarium to tailor specific surgery to address specific anatomical concerns, and to facilitate appropriate patient selection.Multilevel surgical approaches are often indicated instead of a “one size fits all” model.Educational aimsTo discuss how to assess patients presenting with OSA in clinic, from an otorhinolaryngology perspective.To discuss the indications for intervention.To provide an overview of nonsurgical interventions for treating OSA, with evidence.To discuss the different surgical modalities available for treatment of OSA, with evidence.
Resting Hemodynamics and Response to Exercise Using the 6-Minute Walk Test in Late Pregnancy: An International Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Dennis Alicia Therese , Salman Marwa , Paxton Emma , Flint Margot , Leeton Liz , Roodt Francois , Yentis Steve , Dyer Robert Anthony 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac disease is the leading cause of maternal death. Assessment of cardiovascular fitness is important in pregnant women because it is linked to increased risk of cardiac disease but is rarely undertaken or studied. The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a safe exercise test but is not used in pregnancy. We determined the 95% reference interval for resting heart rate (HR) and distance walked for the 6MWT, as well as hemodynamic recovery variables, and quantified expectations and actual experiences of exertion and breathlessness with exercise in late pregnancy.

METHODS:
After institutional research board approval (Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Number: 12615000964516), 300 healthy term nulliparous pregnant women performed the 6MWT at 3 tertiary referral obstetric hospitals using a standardized protocol. Each woman underwent two 6MWT with maximum 15-minute recovery period after each test. Hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and after exercise. Participants were asked 4 questions, 2 regarding expectation and 2 regarding actual experience, using the Rating of Perceived Exertion scale and Modified Borg Dyspnea scale.

RESULTS:
Participant characteristics and resting variables were mean (standard deviation [SD]); age, 31 years (4.2 years); body mass index, 27 kg/m2 (2.9 kg/m2); gestational age, 37 weeks (1.3 weeks); HR, 85 bpm (10.8 bpm) with 95% reference interval 64–106 bpm; systolic blood pressure, 112 mm Hg (10.2 mm Hg); diastolic blood pressure, 72 mm Hg (8.6 mm Hg); oxygen saturation, 98% (0.9%); and respiratory rate, 18 breaths/min (5.7 breaths/min). The mean (SD) average distance walked was 488 m (94.9 m) with a speed of 3.0 mph (0.64 mph) with a 95% reference interval of 302–674 m. The mean (SD) HR increase with exercise was 12 bpm (11.0 bpm) with a median [quartile] recovery time of 5.0 minutes [1–8 minutes]. A lower resting HR was associated with increased distance walked (r = −0.207; 95% confidence interval, −0.313 to −0.096; P < .001). A greater HR change with exercise was associated with increased recovery time from exercise (r = 0.736; 95% confidence interval, 0.697–0.784; P < .001). Sixty-three percent and 83% of participants, respectively, expected to be more exerted and breathless than they actually were with exercise.

CONCLUSIONS:
The 6MWT is feasible and applicable in term pregnant women. The reference intervals for resting HR and distance walked in the 6MWT have been generated. HR increases by approximately 12 bpm with submaximal exercise, and half of the women recovered within 5 minutes of submaximal exercise. Women expected to be more exerted and breathless than they actually were with exercise.
Regional Analgesia Added to General Anesthesia Compared With General Anesthesia Plus Systemic Analgesia for Cardiac Surgery in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Monahan Ann , Guay Joanne , Hajduk John , Suresh Santhanam 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
The aim of this systematic review was to compare the effects of regional analgesic (RA) techniques with systemic analgesia on postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, resources utilization, reoperation, death, and complications of the analgesic techniques in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
A search was done in May 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials comparing RA techniques with systemic analgesia. Risks of bias of included trials were judged with the Cochrane tool. Data were analyzed with fixed- (I
2 < 25%) or random-effects models (I
2 ≥ 25%). The quality of evidence was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group scale.

RESULTS:
We included 14 randomized controlled trials with 605 participants (312 to RA and 293 to the comparator). RA reduces pain up to 24 hours after surgery. At 6–8 hours after surgery, the standardized mean difference was −0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.22 to −0.40; low-quality evidence). We did not find a difference for nausea and vomiting (risk ratio [RR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.61–1.31; very low-quality evidence), duration of tracheal intubation (standardized mean difference, −0.18; 95% CI, −0.40 to 0.05; low-quality evidence), intensive care unit length of stay (mean difference, −0.10 hours; 95% CI, −1.31 to 1.12 hours; low-quality evidence), hospital length of stay (mean difference, −0.02 days; 95% CI, −1.16 to 1.12 days; low-quality evidence), reoperation (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.17–3.28; low-quality evidence), death (RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.05–4.94; low-quality evidence), and respiratory depression (RR, 2.06; 95% CI, 0.20–21.68; very low-quality evidence). No trial reported signs of local anesthetic toxicity or lasting neurological or infectious complications related to the RA techniques. One trial reported 1 transient ipsilateral episode of diaphragmatic paralysis with intrapleural analgesia that resolved with cessation of local anesthetic administration.

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared to systemic analgesia, RA techniques reduce postoperative pain up to 24 hours in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Currently, there is no evidence that RA for pediatric cardiac surgery has any impact on major morbidity and mortality. These results should be interpreted cautiously because they represent a meta-analysis of small and heterogeneous studies. Further studies are needed.
Why I Still Believe in Chicanx Studies
Authors: López Marissa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
While an inclusive Latinx studies has real intellectual justification, the move to craft Latinx rather than specifically Chicanx scholarly questions relies on presentism and adumbrates conflicts over class and citizenship. Drawing on her personal experience justifying the use of Chicano in her first book to her academic press editors, the author meditates on the politics of Latinx versus Chicanx, the pitfalls and promises of nationalist discourse, and the need to nurture and cultivate a vibrant Chicanx studies as a counter to the neocolonial tendencies of academic multiculturalism.
Reading the Contingencies of Print on the Borderlands
Authors: Bartosik-Vélez Elise 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
One of the most vivid accounts in the historical record of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was written by Antonio de Otermín, Spanish governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, who fled the uprising with his life intact, unlike four hundred of his countrymen. Due to a series of decisions by scholars, editors, and grant agencies in the twentieth century, this letter is today best known in an English translation and within the frame provided by the popular Heath Anthology of American Literature. The appropriation of Otermín’s letter by the discipline of American (US) literature, because its subject matter involves territory that more than two hundred years later became part of the United States, merits scrutiny. One approach, outlined here, is to follow the traces of the publication history of this document and to interrogate the unique story it tells about the contingencies of print on the borderlands.
How and why to write your article and get it published
Authors: Stonehouse David 
Published: October 2018

Within this article the author sets out the basic principles that will assist the aspiring writer to become published author. Areas discussed include: why you should write and be published; where to send your article; content; and finally, the importance of following submission guidelines for authors, set by the individual editor and journal. Support workers are experts in what they do, bringing a wealth of knowledge, experience and skill to their role. This expertise needs to be recognised and disseminated both within the support worker community and the wider health and social care team of professionals. Support workers have a voice which needs to be heard and writing for publication is one important way this voice can be heard and quality care shared both locally, nationally and internationally.
Pengaruh Faktor Pendukung terhadap Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan Penyakit Filariasis di Kota Semarang
Authors: Hapsari Ariska Tri , Shaluhiyah Zahroh , Suryoputro Antono 
Published: October 2018

Latar Belakang: Filariasis adalah penyakit menular menahun karena penyebabnya adalah infeksi cacing filariasis yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk. Terdapat 241 kabupaten di Indonesia yang merupakan daerah endemis filariaris dan 50% penduduknya berpotensi tertular penyakit ini. Masih tingginya prevalensi kasus filariasis dibeberapa daerah dapat meningkatkan kematian. Kasus filariasis di Kota Semarang saat ini mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Pada tahun 2017 kasus filariasis terdapat sebanyak 21 kasus dan 3 diantaranya meninggal dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor pendukung perilaku masyarakat dalam mencegah penularan penyakit filariasis.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 178 orang. Sample dipilih secara total sampling (sampling jenuh) yaitu masyarakat yang tinggal <100m2 dari penderita. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara tatap muka dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Data kemudian dianalisis secara univariat, bivariate, multivarat dengan test Chi-square dan regresi logistic berganda.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan keluarga, tetangga dan tokoh masyarakat tidak berhubungan dengan perilaku pencegahan penyakit filarialis (P value > 0.05), Sedangkan dukungan tenaga kesehatan dan akses atau keterpaparan terhadap promosi kesehatan tentang pencegahan filariasis berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit filariasis tersebut. Menurut hasil analisis multivariate, variabel keterpaparan program pencegahan merupakan faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyakit tersebut dengan Odds Ratio sebesar 11,237 dan p value 0,023. Peran tenaga kesehatan dalam keterpaparan terhadap program pencegahan penyakit filariasis kepada masyarakat sangat penting untuk merubah perilaku masyarakat dalam mencegah penyakit filariaris di daerah penelitian ini. Hal ini berupa perilaku dalam kebersihan lingkungan untuk menghilangkan tempat perindukan nyamuk filariasis. Diperlukan strategi upaya menurunkan prevalensi kejadian penyakit dengan melibatkan masyarakat melalui program pemberdayaan.Kata Kunci: filariaris, faktor pendukung, perilaku pencegahan, Semarang
Faktor Eksternal dan Internal yang Mempengaruhi Stigma terhadap Orang dengan Epilepsi di Kalangan Akademisi
Authors: Manglapy Yusthin Meriantti , Fani Tiara 
Published: October 2018

Latar Belakang: Kualitas hidup orang dengan epilepsi perlu di optimalkan. Stigma memiliki peran penting terhadap kurangnya kualitas hidup orang dengan epilepsi. Faktor-faktor yang berperan terhadap stigma epilepsi di kalangan civitas akademika belum diketahui. Penelitian ini ingin membuktikan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemberian stigma terhadap orang dengan epilepsi di salah satu universitas swasta di Semarang.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sebanyak 236 orang sivitas akademika berusia ≥18 tahun yang diambil secara purposive untuk pemilihan perguruan tinggi dan respondennya dengan proportional random sampling. Data sosiodemografi, faktor internal dan faktor eksternal individu dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, sedangkan pengukuran stigma menggunakan scala stigma pada orang dengan epilepsi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 54,5 % responden memberikan stigma dengan skor ≥ 20,73. Uji regresi logistik berganda menunjukan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap stigma pengalaman melihat serangan pada orang dengan epilepsi dengan OR=1,86 artinya pengalaman melihat serangan mempunyai kemungkinan memberikan stigma sebesar 1,8 kali dibandingkan dengan yang tidak pengalama. Sedangkan memiliki sanak/rekan dengan epilepsi mempengaruhi pemberian stigma dengan OR sebesar 0,45 yang berarti memiliki sanak keluarga/rekan dengan epilepsi sebagai protektif pemebrian stigma. Edukasi dan sosialisasi tentang epilepsi diperlukan bagi masyarakat agar stigma yang diberikan kepada ODE menjadi berkurang.Kata kunci: Stigma, epilepsi, kualitas hidup, orang dengan epilepsi (ODE)
Characterizing Ethical Decision-Making and Its Influences: Examining Higher Education Leaders in the United States
Authors: Shollenberger Tara 
Published: October 2018

The ethical decision-making (EDM) process that leaders should follow to avoid scandals and unethical behavior is often overlooked. In addition, visit few studies have focused on EDM within higher education. Yet, educational leaders have an ethical responsibility due in part to increasingly diverse student populations enrolled that is having an impact on the growth of educational institutions. This exploratory study used the Delphi research technique to identify an EDM definition that leaders use to make ethical decisions and identify the environmental factors that influence their decisions as well as an EDM model within the U.S.
Edukacja demokratyczna według Hannah Arendt
Authors: Eliasz Katarzyna 
Published: October 2018

Among various modes of the vita activa considered by Hannah Arendt, the ability for action and particularly political action is the crucial one as it endows life with meaning and constitutes human freedom. The question I address in this essay is whether it is possible – according to Arendt – to create active citizenship by means of democratic education. In order to answer this question I consider three models of democratic education, two of which should be rejected if one agrees with Arendt’s assumptions. The third model, aimed at developing abilities to think critically, is the only one that can support those values, which are essential for a healthy democracy.
Demokracja i kapitalizm: teoria polityczna Ellen Meiksins Wood
Authors: Robakiewicz Eliasz 
Published: October 2018

Ellen Meiksins Wood jest teoretyczką łączoną, wraz z Robertem Brennerem, z nurtem zwanym „politycznym marksizmem”. W niniejszym artykule postaram się przybliżyć, czym wyróżnia się ten nurt. W pierwszej części przedstawiam krótką charakterystykę „marksizmu politycznego” jako nurtu, w którym centrum zainteresowań stanowią stosunki reprodukcji społeczeństwa kapitalistycznego, oraz rekonstrukcję sporu o przejście od feudalizmu do kapitalizmu, czyli sporu o genezę tego społeczeństwa. Jednocześnie staram się wskazać, jak debata dotycząca problemu powstania kapitalizmu stanowi kluczowe zagadnienie, wokół rozwiązania którego zogniskowane zostały badania teoretyczki. W części drugiej omawiam to, w jaki sposób Meiksins Wood rozumie pojęcie „klasy”, a także jej badania dotyczące demokracji w antycznej Grecji.
Kapitalizm. Historia krótkiego trwania – Dziewiętnaście Long Reads o „Tysiącu lat niewolnictwa”
Authors: Sowa Jan 
Published: October 2018

Niniejszy tekst stanowi krytyczny esej poświęcony książce Kacpra Pobłockiego Kapitalizm. Historia krótkiego trwania. Zawiera on szereg luźno powiązanych uwag dotyczących kwestii założeń metodologicznych, wartości eksploatacyjnej, aktualności i nowatorskości, a także społecznego funkcjonowania książki Pobłockiego. Spośród poruszanych tu problemów trzy mają dominujący charakter: metodologiczny problem wyjaśnienia początków kapitalizmu oraz społecznego znaczenia systemu (debata między marksizmem a teorią zależności); omówienie historycznych przykładów niekapitalistycznych systemów społecznych; problem teleologii historii w wyjaśnieniach historycznych oraz jego ukryta obecność w terminologii sugerującej liniowy rozwój historii ludzkości.
"Jedząc kebaba..." Zwierzęta i zwierzęcość a islamofobia.
Authors: Szczygielska Marianna 
Published: October 2018

Niniejszy artykuł zawiera przegląd głównych wątków konfliktu między obrońcami praw zwierząt a mniejszościami etnicznymi i religijnymi w kontekście sporu o obój rytualny i produkcje mięsa halal w Europie. Proponuję analizę tej debaty oraz jej islamofobicznych aspektów z perspektywy studiów nad zwierzętami i teorii postkolonialnej. Z jednej strony, postantropocentryczna optyka umożliwia krytykę „humanitarności” uboju zwierząt w ramach przemysłowej produkcji mięsa w nowoczesności, a z drugiej, teoria postkolonialna wskazuje na wykorzystywanie pojęć „zwierzęcości” i „zezwierzęcenia” w urasowionej hierarchii władzy. Połączenie tych perspektyw destabilizuje jednoznaczną polaryzację w ramach dyskusji na temat uboju rytualnego, toczonej pomiędzy aktywistami na rzecz praw zwierząt i obrońcami praw religijnych, tym samym przesuwając ciężar analizy na krytykę wzajemnie wzmacniających się systemów opresji, które uprzedmiatawiają zwierzęta i dehumanizują marginalizowane grupy etniczne.
Performance Evaluation of Three Atmospheric Density Models on HY-2A Precise Orbit Determination Using DORIS Range-Rate Data
Authors: Kong Qiaoli , Guo Jinyun , Gao Fan , Han Litao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) has become a matured and accurate space geodetic technique after more than two decades of development. DORIS’s main objective is precise orbit determination (POD) for the low earth orbit (LEO) satellite. For the POD of Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) satellite, a DORIS receiver was equipped on this mission. There are several nonconservative forces acting on a Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) satellite with an altitude of about 970 km. Out of the factors, the atmospheric drag is the most dominant and uncertain one during the process of POD with the dynamic method. The comparison between the computed orbits of HY-2A using DORIS range-rate data and the precise orbits computed by the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) has been performed, and the DORIS range-rate residuals have been analyzed in detail in normal period and frequent solar activity period. Tests demonstrated that the relative optimal atmospheric density model was the empirical MSIS-86 model for the HY-2A satellite. The root mean squares (RMSs) of orbit difference between the derived orbits using the MSIS-86 model and the CNES orbits were 0.0173 m in the radial direction and 0.0619 m in three dimensions. The RMS of the range-rate residual improved 0.024 mm/s during the frequent solar activity period with the atmospheric drag coefficient solved every three hours and then every six hours using the MSIS-86 model. This study will provide valuable references for POD and orbit prediction for the LEO satellites, especially for the other HY-2 series satellites of China.