bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared neural mechanisms between imagined and perceived egocentric motion - A combined GVS and fMRI study
Authors: Macauda Gianluca , Moisa Marius , Mast Fred W. , Ruff Christian C. , Michels Lars , Lenggenhager Bigna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany cognitive and social processes involve mental simulations of a change in perspective. Behavioral studies suggest that such egocentric mental rotations rely on brain areas that are also involved in processing actual self-motion, thus depending on vestibular input. In a combined galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated the brain areas that underlie both simulated changes in self-location and the processing of vestibular stimulation within the same individuals. Participants performed an egocentric mental rotation task, an object-based mental rotation task, or a pure lateralization task during GVS or sham stimulation. At the neural level, we expected an overlap between brain areas activated during vestibular processing and egocentric mental rotation (against object-based mental rotation) within area OP2 and the Posterior Insular Cortex (PIC), two core brain regions involved in vestibular processing. The fMRI data showed a small overlap within area OP2 and a larger overlap within the PIC for both egocentric mental rotation against object-based mental rotation and vestibular processing. GVS did not influence the ability to perform egocentric mental rotation.Our results provide evidence for shared neural mechanisms underlying perceived and simulated self-motion. We conclude that mental rotation of one’s body involves neural activity in the PIC and area OP2, but the behavioral results also suggest that those mental simulations of one’s body might be robust to modulatory input from vestibular stimulation.
Evolutionary landscape of mosquito viral integrations
Authors: Pischedda Elisa , Scolari Francesca , Valerio Federica , Carballar-Lejarazú Rebeca , Catapano Paolo Luigi , Waterhouse Robert M. , Bonizzoni Mariangela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe sequenced genome of the arboviral vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is replete with repetitive DNA and it harbors an unusually large number of endogenous viral sequences, collectively called Nonretroviral Integrated RNA Virus Sequences (NIRVS). NIRVS are enriched both within protein-coding gene exons and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters, where they encode piRNAs. Based on these features, NIRVS have been proposed to function as novel mosquito antiviral immune factors. However, the relative importance and contributions of different NIRVS as functional antiviral elements and their mechanisms of action remain open questions.We apply an analytical approach that intersects computational, evolutionary and molecular methods to identify NIRVS most likely affecting mosquito immunity. Using this strategy, we show that NIRVS are a highly dynamic component of the Ae. albopictus repeatome, which nevertheless maintains a core set of seemingly the oldest NIRVS with similarity to Rhabdoviruses. Population-level polymorphism of NIRVS varies depending on whether they occur in intergenic regions, piRNA clusters or are part of gene exons. NIRVS from piRNA clusters are differentially widespread in diverse populations but conserved at the sequence level. This is consistent with the hypothesis that they act analogously to fragments of transposable elements in piRNA clusters and contribute to piRNA-based immunity. Among NIRVS from gene exons, AlbRha52 and AlbRha12 have the hallmarks of domestication as they are fixed across populations, stably expressed, and as polymorphic at the sequence level as fast-evolving genes. Overall these results support the hypothesis that NIRVS contribute to mosquito immunity, potentially through diverse modes of action.
The sunlit microoxic niche of the archaeal eukaryotic ancestor comes to light
Authors: Bulzu Paul-Adrian , Andrei Adrian-Ştefan , Salcher Michaela M. , Mehrshad Maliheh , Inoue Keiichi , Kandori Hideki , Beja Oded , Ghai Rohit , Banciu Horia L. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryRecent advances in phylogenomic analyses and increased genomic sampling of uncultured prokaryotic lineages brought compelling evidence in support of the emergence of eukaryotes from within the Archaea domain of life. The discovery of Asgardaeota archaea and their recognition as the closest extant relative of eukaryotes fuelled the revival of a decades-old debate regarding the topology of the tree of life. While it is apparent that Asgardaeota encode a plethora of eukaryotic-specific proteins (the highest number identified to date in prokaryotes), the lack of genomic information and metabolic characterization has precluded inferences about their lifestyles and the metabolic landscape that may have favoured the emergence of the hallmark eukaryotic subcellular architecture. Here, we use advanced phylogenetic analyses to infer the deep ancestry of eukaryotes and genome-scale metabolic reconstructions to shed light on the metabolic milieu of the closest archaeal eukaryotic ancestors discovered till date. In doing so, we: i) generate the largest Asgardaeota genomic dataset available so far, ii) describe a new clade of rhodopsins encoded within the recovered genomes, iii) provide unprecedented evidence for mixotrophy within Asgardaeota, iv) present first-ever proofs that the closest extant archaeal relatives to all eukaryotes (Heimdallarchaeia) have microoxic lifestyles with aerobic metabolic pathways unique among Archaea (i.e. kynurenine pathway) and v) generate the first images of Asgardaeota.
Open-Source Food: Nutrition, Toxicology, and Availability of Wild Edible Greens in the East Bay
Authors: Stark Philip B. , Miller Daphne , Carlson Thomas J. , Rasmussen de Vasquez Kristen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSignificanceForaged leafy greens are consumed around the globe, including in urban areas, and may play a larger role when food is scarce or expensive. It is thus important to assess the safety and nutritional value of wild greens foraged in urban environments.MethodsField observations, soil tests, and nutritional and toxicology tests on plant tissue were conducted for three sites, each roughly 9 square blocks, in disadvantaged neighborhoods in the East San Francisco Bay Area in 2014–2015. The sites included mixed-use areas and areas with high vehicle traffic.ResultsEdible wild greens were abundant, even during record droughts. Soil at some survey sites had elevated concentrations of lead and cadmium, but tissue tests suggest that rinsed greens of the tested species are safe to eat. Daily consumption of standard servings comprise less than the EPA reference doses of lead, cadmium, and other heavy metals. Pesticides, glyphosate, and PCBs were below detection limits.The nutrient density of 6 abundant species compared favorably to that of the most nutritious domesticated leafy greens.ConclusionsWild edible greens harvested in industrial, mixed-use, and high-traffic urban areas in the San Francisco East Bay area are abundant and highly nutritious. Even grown in soils with elevated levels of heavy metals, tested species were safe to eat after rinsing in tap water. This does not mean that all edible greens growing in contaminated soil are safe to eat—tests on more species, in more locations, and over a broader range of soil chemistry are needed to determine what is generally safe and what is not. But it does suggest that wild greens could contribute to nutrition, food security, and sustainability in urban ecosystems. Current laws, regulations, and public-health guidance that forbid or discourage foraging on public lands, including urban areas, should be revisited.
Anterior fontanelle size among term neonates on the first day of life born at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Oumer Mohammed , Guday Edengenet , Teklu Alemayehu , Muche Abebe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnterior fontanelle is the largest, prominent and most important fontanelle, which is used for clinical evaluation. It is mainly characterized by its size and shape variation and is possibly influenced by gender, race and genetics. Understanding the variation of anterior fontanelle is used for recognition of different medical disorders and abnormal skeletal morphogenesis.ObjectiveTo determine the mean size of anterior fontanelle among term neonates on the first day of life born at University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018MethodsDescriptive cross sectional study design was undertaken in 384 term and apparently healthy neonates, using standard methods. Descriptive analysis, student t-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were implemented.ResultsIn this study, the mean size of anterior fontanelle in term neonates was 3.00 ± 0.62 cm (range 1.70 – 5.50 cm). The mean size of anterior fontanelle was 3.10 ± 0.66 cm for males, and 2.88 ± 0.57 cm for females. There was statistically significant difference in anterior fontanelle size in neonates of different genders (p<0.001), mode of delivery (p<0.001) and duration of labour (p=0.006). However, the size of anterior fontanelle was not significantly affected by the birth order, onset of labour and sociodemographic variables of the mother except occupation of the mother (p=0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the mean size of anterior fontanelle with birth weight (r=0.11;p=0.04) and head circumference (r=0.17;p=0.001).ConclusionsAt term, male neonates had significantly larger anterior fontanelle than female neonates and anterior fontanelle size has a direct relationship with birth weight and head circumference.
Melatonin: The smart molecule that differentially modulates autophagy in tumor and normal placental cells
Authors: Sagrillo-Fagundes Lucas , Bienvenue-Pariseault Josianne , Vaillancourt Cathy 
Published: August 2018

HighlightsH/R induces autophagy and Nrf2 in tumoral and primary trophoblast cells.Melatonin inhibits autophagy and Nrf2 under H/R, inducing BeWo cell death.Melatonin increases autophagy and Nrf2 under H/R conditions, promoting primary villous trophoblast cells survival.AbstractHypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induces oxidative damage and apoptosis. These consequences activate autophagy, which degrades damaged cellular content, as well as inducing the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, and thereby the expression of protective genes. Melatonin has protective roles in normal cells and cytotoxic actions in cancer cells, with effects involving autophagy and Nrf2 pathways. The current study shows melatonin to differentially modulate autophagy and Nrf2 pathways in tumor and normal placental cells exposed to H/R. BeWo, a human placental choriocarcinoma cell line, and primary villous cytotrophoblasts isolated from normal term placenta, were maintained in normoxia (8% O2) for 24 h or exposed to hypoxia (0.5% of O2 for 4 h) followed by 20 h of normoxia, creating a H/R, in the presence or absence of 1 mM melatonin. Melatonin induced a 7-fold increase in the activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α, an upstream modulator of autophagy, rising to a 16-fold increase in cells co-exposed to H/R and melatonin, compared to controls. H/R induced autophagosome formation via the increased expression of Beclin-1 (by 94 %) and ATG7 (by 97%). H/R also induced autophagic activity, indicated by the by the 630% increase in P62, and increased Nrf2 by 314%. In H/R conditions, melatonin reduced autophagy by 74% and Nrf2 expression by 66%, leading to BeWo cell apoptosis. In contrast, in human primary villous cytotrophoblasts, H/R induced autophagy and Nrf2, which melatonin further potentiated, thereby affording protection against H/R. This study demonstrates that melatonin differentially modulates autophagy and the Nrf2 pathway in normal vs. tumor trophoblast cells, being cytoprotective in normal cells whilst increasing apoptosis in tumoral trophoblast cells.
An investigation of mission drift in Indian MFI
Authors: Ranjani K.S. , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirical evidence of drift from social goals (mission drift) among Indian microfinance institutions (MFI).

Design/methodology/approach
The study used multiple proxies, namely, loan size, operating efficiency and equity as dependent variables to avoid the complexities in interpreting mission drift solely through loan size. The study uses data from 211 Indian MFI for the period of 1985–2014. The dynamic panel data estimation method of Arellano and Bond (1991) is used for the analysis to avoid endogeneity issues in the data estimation.

Findings
The study finds that efficiency and change in average loan balance are characterized by higher lending rates and higher profitability to firms. Higher lending rates imply poverty premium which means that poor pay more for the same services than their rich counterparts. Equity results in movement toward safer borrowers and a consequent mission drift.

Research limitations/implications
The study uses self-reported data from organizations provided through Microfinance Information Exchange.

Social implications
Access to credit to the poor is an important poverty alleviation goal and present study will contribute toward policy formation in institutional provision of credit and banking services to the poor.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, present study is the first to use alternative proxies in the form of operating efficiency and equity to explore relationships between the variables that can help to better understand the phenomenon of mission drift.
“We work like ants…we avoid being troublemaker”
Authors: Lin Shen (Lamson) 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore resilience strategies of Chinese street vendors in a shifted regulatory policy environment from a strength-based and entrepreneurial perspective.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon nine in-depth interviews and naturalistic observations in an urban village of Guangzhou, China, the study empirically investigates how unregulated sidewalk-based hawkers struggle to survive against socioeconomic adversities compared with regulated vendors’ operations in a legitimate transitional market.FindingsMirroring a sub-group of rural-to-urban migrants, street vendors espouse subtle strategies centering on purposefulness, resourcefulness and hardiness, which are instantiated through family obligation, sales tactics, merchandising techniques, technology application, trading flexibility, moral sentiment and assistance network. As such, street entrepreneurs are both enacting and constructing resilience in response to specific challenging contexts including impoverishment, operating cost inflation, contingent loss, fierce competition, market uncertainty, intensive workloads, municipal inspection and arbitrary governance practice of village cooperative organization.Research limitations/implicationsNotwithstanding its limited generalizability, the result sheds light on crystallization of street vendors’ resilience and informs social services and policy remedies.Originality/valueThe study provides a frame of reference to examine the interplay of resilience theory from psychology and entrepreneurship thesis from the field of business management by adding new evidence to the research on “entrepreneurial resilience” and potentially serves as a catalyst to enrich existing literature with an integrated perspective to comprehend the coping process of these necessity-driven micro-enterprise operators. The antagonistic understanding of informal economy is so predominating that it obscures structural oppression undermining social justice, whereas the spirit of self-reliance among street entrepreneurs is ought to be respected.
Welfare-state regimes and gender division of housework time in three conurbations
Authors: Dupray Arnaud , Daune-Richard Anne-Marie , Nohara Hiroatsu 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the patterns and determinants of the division of household tasks within couples in countries under different welfare-state regimes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates data on “urban middle- and upper-class” couples living in New York, Paris or Tokyo area, from a 2007 international comparative time-budget survey carried out at the initiative of the Rengo-Soken Research Institute. Each partner was interviewed separately, offering a unique statistical source for analysing the organisation of domestic time.FindingsThe results shed light on the degree of proximity among the three populations in their housework-sharing arrangements. Greater parity in partners’ housework time is found for the New York couples, regardless of their occupational activity. In Paris and especially in Tokyo, other demands on the partners’ time and the contribution each makes to the household income both impact the actual division of household labour.Research limitations/implicationsThe partners’ gender ideology was not elicited, and inclusion of lower-class couples could change certain results. However, the findings attest to the strong role that welfare-state regime plays in shaping housework time allocation.Originality/valueUnlike other international comparisons, the survey used enables us to ensure strong comparability of measures. The welfare-state regime and family model frameworks clearly highlight the interplay between individual determinants and the institutional context.
Urban tourism as a bone of contention: four explanatory hypotheses and a caveat
Authors: Novy Johannes 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to respond to recent debates surrounding the observable proliferation and intensification of controversies and disputes surrounding urban tourism. It argues that coming to terms with conflicts about and around tourism in cities represents an important frontier for research and puts forth some observations about its causes and characteristics, the debates they have sparked and the scholarly engagement with them to date.Design/methodology/approachLiterature from international sources was reviewed to identify key themes relating to conflicts about and around tourism.FindingsThe paper outlines important aspects to consider when studying conflicts about and around tourism in cities, including, first, the role of urban tourism’s massive and often rapid growth; second, the fact that backlashes in cities are often less directed against tourism in its entirety than against particular kinds of tourism (or tourists); third, the need to look at contestations surrounding urban tourism not in isolation from, but in firm connection to the more general rise of struggles and protests in and about urban space unfolding in cities worldwide; fourth, the extent to which contestations are linked to the ongoing, and, it seems, accelerating, geographical spread of tourism; and, finally, the need to critically engage with the notion of tourism itself and move beyond essentialising narratives that portray tourism as an altogether distinct, easily separable social phenomenon.Originality/valueThe paper brings together a scattered, although substantive, literature in and around tourism-related conflicts in order to provide points of orientation and inspiration for future research.
The Walking Institute: a reflexive approach to tourism
Authors: Morris Blake 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss Deveron Project’s (DP) Walking Institute, the only programme in the UK dedicated to commissioning artists to create walks. The author argues that the Walking Institute offers a model for tourism practices that engage local and international stakeholders in the creation of new global relationships. His research expands current critical discourse around the intersection between walking, tourism and art, and argues for DP’s approach as a way to create community-based, critically reflexive modes of tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on research completed for his doctoral thesis and combines practice-based and qualitative methods. The author has visited Huntly on two separate occasions, and have had conversations with project stakeholders, spent time visiting local attractions, and participated in local events and artists’ walks. The analysis draws on theories from performance studies and those being developed within cultural geography and the mobilities paradigm.

Findings
The Walking Institute provides a model for a community based approach to global tourism that calls on the artistic medium of walking to create a critical, reflexive mode of engagement. Through this model, the Walking Institute provides an innovative approach to tourism that offers potential tourists with a mode of local engagement beyond the consumption of the picturesque.

Originality/value
There is very little research into DP’s model, or the intersection between tourism and the burgeoning artistic medium of walking. This paper offers original insight into DP’s model and its relationship to a new field: walking art. Additionally, it informs current understandings of tourism through a demonstration of how a rural arts organisation is engaging with the global tourism industry.
Creating value for all: joint academic library in the service of five universities
Authors: Rintamäki Katri Maria , Flemming Christina , Lehto Anne Marketta , Toukonen Jonna 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse practices of a joint university library as a model of cooperation between universities.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a descriptive case study on the benefits and challenges of collaboration based on experiences of one joint library.

Findings
In 2000–2010s, Finnish universities and universities of applied sciences have undergone structural changes becoming public corporations. The ideal of the government policy is an effective, productive, entrepreneurial university with lean infrastructure and support services. One solution in pursuing cost-effectiveness and efficiency are joint regional libraries. In Vaasa, the five university units share a joint academic library, Tritonia. Tritonia offers library and information services that consist of print and digital information resources, researchers’ support services, pedagogical and technical support for digital education, and learning commons for its five universities.

Originality/value
The paper describes service production and its development and presents an existing model for cooperation in joint libraries of several academic institutions that are becoming more common.