bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Six-Day War and the Right of Self-Defence
Authors: Shapira Amos 
Published: May 2019

A.Brief Factual Background: It is not proposed here to unfold the entire history of the Arab-Israel conflict. Our purpose is rather to outline briefly the major, and by and large undisputed, events preceding the outburst of all-out hostilities on the morning of June 5, 1967.In the aftermath of the first Arab-Israel war, in 1949, Israel and the surrounding Arab countries signed armistice agreements, according to which all hostile military activities between the signing parties were to cease. However, throughout the years following the signing of the agreements, innumerable border incidents, military or semi-military raids and reprisals, sabotage and mining operations, and other belligerent actions occurred, each side charging the other with aggression. In May 1948, Egypt closed the Suez Canal to passage by Israeli shipping and, at the end of 1949, installed guns at Sharm-el-Sheikh, overlooking the Straits of Tiran, thus blockading the Israeli port of Eilat. To justify her actions, Egypt persistently asserted the existence of a “state of war” or “state of belligerency” between Israel and herself, irrespective of the armistice agreement and her obligations under the United Nations Charter. In October 1956, the second Arab-Israel war, known as the Suez (or Sinai) Campaign, broke out. But even this violent confrontation and the arrangements which followed, including the stationing of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in the Gaza Strip and Sharm el-Sheikh, did not bring about stability and peace. Tension continued to mount in the area.
The effect of varying ratios of roughage to concentrates on composition and yield of cow's milk
Authors: Gordin S. , Volcani R. , Birk Yehudith 
Published: May 2019

SummaryTWO levels of roughage, 3 FU (feed units) and 5 FU daily, were fed to Israeli?–Friesian cows and heifers receiving either a normal (Normal) or a high-energy (High) diet.Milk yield and composition were examined for 12 weeks following parturition. The animals receiving 5 FU of roughage daily showed a higher milk yield during the first 8 weeks. With the Normal diet the amount of roughage had no effect on milk composition. With the High diet, milk yield was higher than with the Normal, and a depression in fat percentage was observed in the milk of cows and heifers receiving 3 FU daily. No corresponding fall in milk protein percentage was observed – the cows of this group (High-3 FU roughage) showing, in fact, a rise in protein percentage. No differences in milk total solids were found. With these high-energy low-roughage diets no correlation was apparent between milk fat and protein percentages.
Heat-induced interaction of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein
Authors: McKenzie G. H. , Norton R. S. , Sawyer W. H. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe interaction of β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein at high temperature was studied polarimetrically. The rate of interaction was related to the genetic variant of β-lactoglobulin present. β-Lactoglobulin B, whose thermodenaturation was faster than that of A variant, interacted more rapidly with κ-casein than did the A variant. Velocity sedimentation studies indicated that characteristics of the complex were determined more by the β-lactoglobulin than by the κ-casein. The presence of κ-casein during the thermodenaturation of β-lactoglobulin appeared to prevent the aggregation of β-lactoglobulin from proceeding to completion, the κ-casein complexing with intermediate species and restricting the aggregation process.
Helminths of Birds and Mammals from Israel: III. Helminths from Chromosomal Forms of the Mole-Rat, Spalax ehrenbergi
Authors: Wertheim Guta , Nevo E. 
Published: May 2019

The helminth fauna of the chromosomal forms of Spalax ehrenbergi occurring in Israel was studied. In the examination of 153 hosts, five species of adult helminth and one larval nematode were recovered, namely: Heligmonella sp.; Trichuris muris (Schrank, 1788); Ganguleterakis spalaxi Kozlov and Yangolenko, 1962/63; Gongylonema longispiculum Schultz, 1927 and Paranoplocephala sp.No correlation could be observed between the chromosomal forms and the helminth fauna.Heligmonella sp. the most prevalent, was recovered from all chromosomal forms, other species occurred in two or three forms only.A correlation could be established between climatic conditions and the distribution of the helminths. Heligmonella sp. was found in mole-rats from all climatic regions whereas the other helminths occurred only in those from northern and central areas.The geographic and bionomic aspects of this distribution are discussed.
The Effect of the Plane of Nutrition on Parasitism by Ostertagia spp. in the Lactating Ewe
Authors: Connan R. M. 
Published: May 2019

The resistance to infection by Ostertagia spp. of three groups of lactating ewes was compared with an unbred control group. Group 1 was fed a full diet of hay and a concentrate ration ad lib. Groups 2 and 3 were fed the same quantitatively inadequate diet and in addition group 3 received daily injections of thyroxine sodium. All the animals were infected regularly with Ostertagia larvae and killed 6 weeks after lambing.While the unbred sheep were highly resistant, all three groups of lactating ewes carried significant numbers of worms. Group 2 and 3 had significantly more than group 1, the additional worms being present as adults. The effect of hyperthyroidism in group 3 was not significant.It is concluded that the immuno-suppressant effect of lactation is probably not due to protein depletion although the latter may be an important secondary factor.
The Application of Catalytic Models to Schistosomiasis in Snails
Authors: Sturrock R. F. , Webbe G. 
Published: May 2019

1. With the aid of field growth curves, age-prevalence curves can be derived from field collections of snails, using cercarial shedding as proof of infection by schistosomes.2. Such curves were obtained from eight collections of field snails: one sample each of Bulinus (Physopsis) nasutus productus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, intermediate hosts respectively of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni in Tanzania, and six samples of Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of S. mansoni on St. Lucia, West Indies.3. Catalytic curves were fitted to the data and in each case the two-stage curve gave the most satisfactory fit.4. This curve is the resultant of two opposing forces: one force being the rate of infection and the other the rate of loss of infection in a snail population.5. The rate of infection may be defined as the number of successful snail-miracidium contacts per 1,000 snails per week, while the rate of loss of infection is taken to represent the number of deaths per 1,000 infected snails per week.6. The underlying assumptions of this form of analysis are discussed and, in view of the independent verification of some of the calculated rates, the values are considered realistic.7. Besides providing quantitative data for inclusion in mathematical models of schistosome transmission, the technique offers an additional means of assessing the efficacy of certain methods of controlling transmission.
The Attachment and Penetration Apparatus of the Miracidium of Schistosoma
Authors: Kinoti G. K. 
Published: May 2019

Preliminary electron microscope observations have shown that in the miracidium of Schistosoma mattheei the surface of the apical epidermal plate consists of branching and anastomosing microvilli. It is suggested that this arboreal arrangement serves to attach the miracidium to the body surface of snail hosts during attempts to penetrate; the apical papilla can therefore be regarded as an attachment organ, functionally analogous to the suckers of the adult schistosome. It is also suggested that the degree of ‘fit’ between the attachment organ and the snail body surface may be an important factor determining the success of attempts by the miracidium to penetrate.Electron microscopy has also shown that the so-called penetration and apical glands are single flask-shaped cells. No endoplasmic reticulum and very few ribosomes were seen in these cells and it is therefore suggested that, in the mature (free-swimming) miracidium, the “glands” are not functional as such; they are simply sacs full of fluid. If they contain histolytic substances they must either have been synthesized at an earlier stage in the life history of the organism or they are synthesized elsewhere and passed into the “glands”.Histochemical attempts to identify leucine aminopeptidase and mucin in the contents of the “glands” of S. mansoni miracidia were unsuccessful. It is concluded that these substances probably do not play any role in the penetration into or attachment on snail intermediate hosts by S. mansoni miracidia.
Renicola glacialissp. nov., a New Trematode from the North Sea Fulmar,Fulmarus glacialis(L.), with Observations on its Pathology
Authors: Riley J. , Wynne Owen R. 
Published: May 2019

A new species Renicola glacialis sp. nov., belonging to the trematode genusRenicola, is described.The species is distinguished from most other renicolids by its relatively large size. Two other species within this size range have been recorded; while it is easy to separateR. glacialisfrom one of these species (R. goliathWright, 1957) the poor description of the other (R. secundaSkrjabin, 1924) renders a detailed comparison meaningless. However, the differences in host and geographic location between this andR. glacialisare considered sufficiently great to justify the erection of a new species.The pathology ofR. glacialisis discussed; recently established worms elicit only a slight host tissue response, but older infections are invested by a thick connective tissue sheath. The latter shows maximum development around dead worms and is accompanied by pronounced eosinophilia.Attention has been drawn to the use of the excretory vesicle as a diagnostic character. Four distinctly different forms have been described, and it is suggested that this character, together with certain other morphological features, would provide a useful key for the identification of renicolids once such information is available.
Accumulation of organotin compounds on mangroves in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Ohji Madoka , Harino Hiroya , Hayashizaki Ken-ichi , Inoue Koji , Md. Yusoff Fatimah , Nishida Shuhei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo elucidate the details of both the current status of contamination and the accumulation of organotin compounds (OTs) in mangroves in coastal ecosystems, we determined the concentrations of butyltin compounds (BTs) and phenyltin compounds (PTs) in sediment and mangrove leaves collected from mangrove forests in Merambong and Tinggi Island, Malaysia. Butyltins were detected in all sediment samples collected from both regions, whereas PTs were not detected. The levels of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in the sediment samples were lower than those from previous studies conducted in Malaysia and at other sites in South-east Asia. In both Merambong and Tinggi Island, the average proportions of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), which are degradation products of TBT, were ~70%. This result suggests that the input of TBT has decreased in Malaysia. The proportions of DBT and MBT in the sediment from Merambong were higher than those from Tinggi Island. The concentrations of TBT in mangrove leaves from Tinggi Island were significantly higher than those from Merambong. MBT was the most dominant type among the BTs in mangrove leaves from both Merambong and Tinggi Island. The ratios of the BTs burden in mangrove leaves to the BTs concentration in sediment from Merambong and Tinggi Island averaged 3.1 and 6.2, respectively. Among the values of BTs, the MBT values were found to be the highest in both regions.
Benedictine Opposition to Bishop Richard Smith (1625—1629)
Authors: Lunn Maurus 
Published: May 2019

The Catholic clergy in post-Reformation England have often, it must be confessed, behaved more like flamingoes than croquet mallets, especially in the seemingly endemic disputes between the secular priests and the regulars. Some men are islands, and because Richard Smith was one of these, the dispute that centred on his personality became a precedent for at least one major quarrel that followed it. This being so, it may be worth recording the fact that the Benedictines, not the Jesuits, had the dusty glory of assuming the lion's share of opposition to the Bishop for the first five years of this dispute.The Smith dispute itself was not without parentage, for its antecedents go back to the Appellant conflict of the 1590s, to the controversy between a section of the secular clergy and the Jesuits over the Oath of Allegiance (1606) and to the demand for the creation of bishops in England (1607-23). A party among the Benedictines favoured the Oath, against the Jesuits, and other monks supported the plea for bishops. But in time the Benedictine majority committed itself against the Oath. And in 1611-12 there was a curious anticipation of the Smith affair, in which high words were exchanged between Archpriest George Birkhead and Thomas Preston (for the Cassinese Benedictines) concerning the jurisdiction of the former over a delinquent monk. But the Anglo-Spanish monks supported Birkhead.
A Further Note on Some Eighteenth-Century Statistics
Authors: Holt T. G. 
Published: May 2019

In an article entitled ‘A Note on Some Eighteenth-Century Statistics’, published in Recusant History (Vol. 10, no. 1) in January 1969, the present writer attempted to come to some conclusions about the number of priests working in England and Wales in that century.Reference to that article would show that in 1706 Dr Betham believed that there were only about 400 priests in the whole country. It was argued that the figure was an underestimate and that the true number may have been as high as 530 or 540, and that the figures given by the Vicars Apostolic in 1773 in their reports to Rome were also too low—380 to 390 instead of 410 to 420. It appeared, if these adjustments of the figures were sound, that the decline in the number of priests working in eighteenth-century England and Wales was quite steep between 1706 and 1773, from perhaps 530 or 540 to 410 or 420; and that, if the French refugee priests working in England and Wales are excluded, there was no increase at all from 1773 until after 1803 but rather a further, if less marked decline.
SCIENZA POLITICA E SISTEMA GIUDIZIARIO
Authors: Marradi Alberto 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneOggetto di questa rassegna sono ie analisi del sistema giudiziario inteso come sotto-insieme del sistema politico, e di sue strutture o segmenti particolari. Del sottosistema e delle sue strutture si investigano le funzioni nel sistema politico, i processi diinput, output, conversion, e le reIazioni con l'ambiente; oppure — in una diversa prospettiva — si analizzano le relazioni fra le caratteristiche di determinati segmenti (singole corti e singoli giudici) e il loro comportamento decisionale.In Italia, queste due prospettive di studio non hanno ancora una denominazione. Useremo quindi, per designarle, quelle ormai affermate negli Stati Uniti: « Judicial Process Approach » per la prima, e « Judicial Behavior Approach » per la seconda. Alcuni preferiscono mettere in secondo piano la distinzione, indicando unitariamente gli studi politologici sul sistema giudiziario con il termine « Judicial Research ». Nella prima parte di questa rassegna, dedicata all'attualestatusaccademico di questi studi in America, alla loro diffusione fuori dai confini americani e al loro sviluppo storico, offriremo anche noi una trattazione unitaria, piú idonea a cogliere gli aspetti generali che è nostra intenzione sottolineare. Passando invece all’analisi dei contributi specifici, le differenze di metodo e linguaggio fra i due « approcci » sono abbastanza sensibili da consigliare una trattazione separata. Dedicheremo quindi la seconda parte della presente rassegna al « Process Approach », e un saggio successivo al « Behavior Approach », le cui caratteristiche richiedono un approfondimento particolare.
Sura and Senecio
Authors: Jones C. P. 
Published: May 2019

At first glance, L. Licinius Sura and Q. Sosius Senecio have many points of resemblance. Both were men of erudition and culture, like their mutual friend the younger Pliny. Both stood close to Trajan and participated in the two Dacian wars. Both received the rare honour of a public statue from the emperor. Together they gave their names to the year 107, sharing the fasces as consules ordinarii.So many are the similarities, in fact, that the two are difficult to think of as separate and defined characters. There is another and graver reason for juxtaposing their careers. Sura's is often assumed to be largely known from an acephalous inscription found in Rome in the sixteenth century: that view goes back to Lipsius, but was first forcefully argued by Borghesi. In recent years doubts have been voiced, in the first place by Professor Syme: not Sura, but possibly Sosius Senecio. It is time to argue that the ignotus is indeed Sosius, and to draw the consequences for the early years of Trajan's reign.
It could happen to you: how perceptions of personal risk shape support for social welfare policy in the American States
Authors: Milita Kerri , Bunch Jaclyn , Yeganeh Sara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIs public support for social welfare programs’ contingent on an individual’s exposure to risk? Prior work has examined whether tough economic times lead people to “reach out” (i.e. become more accepting of government expansion of social welfare programs) or “pull back” (i.e. become less supportive of welfare). However, these studies do not account for the conditional relationship between an individual’s exposure to risk and his or her risk orientation. Using new survey data, we find that an individual’s risk orientation moderates the relationship between risk exposure and public support for welfare spending. When individuals perceive exposure to economic risk, those who are risk averse are highly supportive of welfare expansion; those who are risk acceptant become less supportive. Broadly, these findings suggest that public support for welfare spending is contingent on whether an individual perceives exposure to risk and, if so, the individual’s propensity to tolerate that risk.
Automated Reconstruction of Spherical Kikuchi Maps
Authors: Zhu Chaoyi , Kaufmann Kevin , Vecchio Kenneth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn automated approach to fully reconstruct spherical Kikuchi maps from experimentally collected electron backscatter diffraction patterns and overlay each pattern onto its corresponding position on a simulated Kikuchi sphere is presented in this study. This work demonstrates the feasibility of warping any Kikuchi pattern onto its corresponding location of a simulated Kikuchi sphere and reconstructing a spherical Kikuchi map of a known phase based on any set of experimental patterns. This method consists of the following steps after pattern collection: (1) pattern selection based on multiple threshold values; (2) extraction of multiple scan parameters and phase information; (3) generation of a kinematically simulated Kikuchi sphere as the “skeleton” of the spherical Kikuchi map; and (4) overlaying the inverse gnomonic projection of multiple selected patterns after appropriate pattern center calibration and refinement. The proposed method is the first automated approach to reconstructing spherical Kikuchi maps from experimental Kikuchi patterns. It potentially enables more accurate orientation calculation, new pattern center refinement methods, improved dictionary-based pattern matching, and phase identification in the future.
Winners and losers reconsidered: party support, character valence, and satisfaction with democracy
Authors: Leiter Debra , Clark April K. , Clark Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies of citizens’ satisfaction with democracy have established a connection between satisfaction and how well those citizens’ preferred parties perform in elections. Yet, the question remains whether ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ respond to the same system- and party-level factors when evaluating their political satisfaction. We build on extant literature to consider citizen satisfaction with democracy from the perspective of character valence. Using the Mannheim Eurobarometer trend file and content analysis-based data on parties’ character valence, we find that both winners’ and losers’ satisfaction with the political system is affected by parties’ character valence, but in differing (and somewhat surprising) ways. We find that winners respond to improvements in the character valence of opposition parties, whereas losers demonstrate greater concern with the valence of governing parties.
A SiGe transceiver chipset for automotive radar applications using wideband modulation sequences
Authors: Schoepfel Jan , Kueppers Simon , Aufinger Klaus , Pohl Nils 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a W-band MIMO radar transceiver chipset for automotive applications, based on a Silicon Germanium technology. It consists of a reference VCO, operating at a center frequency of 38 GHz and a companion IC that comprises a complete millimeter-wave transceiver at 76 GHz. This chipset enables building multipurpose MIMO radar systems that can be scaled in terms of transmitter and receiver count. What makes this system innovative is the fact that it is able to handle more broadband signals than systems presented in current literature and is furthermore not limited to one modulation scheme. The chipset is capable of transmitting and receiving any signal waveform. The main goal of this work was to create a functional version of a VCO and a one-channel transceiver MMIC. Furthermore a demonstrator for a proof of concept was designed to test the MMICs on a system level. The realized VCO MMIC achieves a tuning frequency range of 6 GHz with a center frequency of 38 GHz and consumes 152 mW from a 3.3 V supply. The transceiver MMIC is fully functional and achieves a saturated output power of 11.5 dBm while drawing 670 mW from a 3.3 V supply.
The Spanish Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA): A Psychometric Evaluation in Early Adolescence
Authors: Pastor M. Carmen , López-Penadés Raül , Cifre Eva , Moliner-Urdiales Diego 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the translation, adaptation and validation of a broadly used scale to measure emotion regulation strategies (i.e. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Children and Adolescents –ERQ-CA; Gullone & Taffe, 2012) in a sample of early adolescents. The 10-item scale was applied to a sample of 248 adolescents (128 boys) aged 13 to 14 years. Semi-confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure: Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression (SRMR = .05; RMSEA = .06; CFI = .96). These two factors demonstrate adequate internal consistency and evidence for convergent validity with other scales that refer to emotional intelligence, affect, and behavior. Thus, Cognitive Reappraisal scores were associated with higher self-perceived emotional abilities, positive affect and personal adjustment (ps < .05). Conversely, Expressive Suppression scores were associated with lower self-perceived emotional abilities, positive affect, and personal adjustment (ps < .01), with higher scores on negative affect, school and clinical maladjustment (ps < .01), as well as stress and depression symptoms (ps < .001). Overall, these findings suggest that the questionnaire may be a useful and reliable instrument for the assessment of emotion regulation strategies in early adolescents for future research in Spanish speaking countries.