bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Fidelity Modeling and Adaptive Co-Kriging-Based Optimization for All-Electric Geostationary Orbit Satellite Systems
Authors: Shi Renhe , Liu Li , Long Teng , Wu Yufei , Gary Wang G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
All-electric geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite systems design is a challenging multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problem, which is computation-intensive due to the employment of expensive simulations. In this paper, the all-electric GEO satellite MDO problem with multi-fidelity models is investigated. The MDO problem involving six inter-coupled disciplines is formulated to minimize the total mass of the satellite system subject to a number of engineering constraints. To reduce the computational cost of the multidisciplinary analysis (MDA) process, multi-fidelity transfer dynamics models and finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed for the geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) and structure disciplines, respectively. To effectively solve the all-electric GEO satellite MDO problem using multi-fidelity models, an adaptive Co-Kriging-based optimization framework is proposed. In this framework, the samples from a high-fidelity MDA process are integrated with those from a low-fidelity MDA process to create a Co-Kriging metamodel with a moderate computational cost for optimization. Besides, for refining the Co-Kriging metamodels, a multi-objective adaptive infill sampling approach is developed to produce the infill sample points in terms of the expected improvement (EI) and the probability of feasibility (PF) functions. Optimization results show that the proposed optimization framework can significantly reduce the total mass of satellite system with a limited computational budget, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of the multi-fidelity modeling and adaptive Co-Kriging-based optimization framework for all-electric GEO satellite systems design.
Sensitivity Analysis and Interval Multi-Objective Optimization for an Occupant Restraint System Considering Craniocerebral Injury
Authors: Liu Qiming , Wu Xingfu , Han Xu , Liu Jie , Zhang Zheyi , Guo Shijie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In vehicle collision accidents, an occupant restraint system (ORS) is crucial to protect the human body from injury, and it commonly involves a large number of design parameters. However, it is very difficult to quantify the importance of design parameters and determine them in the ORS design process. Therefore, an approach of the combination of the proposed approximate sensitivity analysis (SA) method and the interval multi-objective optimization design is presented to reduce craniocerebral injury and improve ORS protection performance. First, to simulate the vehicle collision process and obtain the craniocerebral injury responses, the integrated finite element model of vehicle-occupant (IFEM-VO) is established by integrating the vehicle, dummy, seatbelt, airbag, etc. Then, the proposed approximate SA method is used to quantify the importance ranking of design parameters and ignore the effects of some nonessential parameters. In the SA process, the Kriging metamodel characterizing the relationships between design parameters and injury responses is fitted to overcome the time-consuming disadvantage of IFEM-VO. Finally, according to the results of SA, considering the influence of uncertainty, an interval multi-objective optimization design is implemented by treating the brain injury criteria (BRIC, BrIC) as the objectives and regarding the head injury criterion (HIC) and the rotational injury criterion (RIC) as the constraints. Comparison of the results before and after optimization indicates that the maximum values of the translational and rotational accelerations are greatly reduced, and the ORS protection performance is significantly improved. This study provides an effective way to improve the protection performance of vehicle ORS under uncertainty.
Persistent physical symptoms reduction intervention: a system change and evaluation (PRINCE)—integrated GP care for persistent physical symptoms: protocol for a feasibility and cluster randomised waiting list, controlled trial
Authors: Patel Meenal , James Kirsty , Moss-Morris Rona , Husain Mujtaba , Ashworth Mark , Frank Philipp , Ferreira Nicola , Mosweu Iris , McCrone Paul , Hotopf Matthew , David Anthony , Landau Sabine , Chalder Trudie 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionPersistent physical symptoms (PPS), also known as medically unexplained symptoms are associated with profound physical disability, psychological distress and high healthcare costs. England’s annual National Health Service costs of attempting to diagnose and treat PPS amounts to approximately £3 billion. Current treatment relies on a positive diagnosis, life-style advice and drug therapy. However, many patients continue to suffer from ongoing symptoms and general practitioners (GPs) are challenged to find effective treatments. Training GPs in basic cognitive behavioural skills and providing self-help materials to patients could be useful, but availability in primary care settings is limited.Methods and analysisA cluster randomised waiting list, controlled trial will be conducted to assess the feasibility of an integrated approach to care in general practice. Approximately 240 patients with PPS will be recruited from 8 to 12 GP practices in London. GP practices will be randomised to ‘integrated GP care plus treatment as usual’ or waiting list control. Integrated GP care plus treatment as usual will include GP training in cognitive behavioural skills, GP supervision and written and audio visual materials for both GPs and participants. The primary objectives will be assessment of trial and intervention feasibility. Secondary objectives will include estimating the intracluster correlation coefficient for potential outcome measures for cluster effects in a sample size calculation. Feasibility parameters and identification of suitable primary and secondary outcomes for future trial evaluations will be assessed prerandomisation and at 12 and 24 weeks’ postrandomisation, using a mixed-methods approach.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Camberwell St Giles Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This trial will inform researchers, clinicians, patients and healthcare providers about the feasibility and potential cost-effectiveness of an integrated approach to managing PPS in primary care.Trial registration numberNCT02444520; Pre-results.
Never events in general practice: a focus group study exploring the views of English and Scottish general practitioners of ‘never events’
Authors: Morris Rebecca L , Cheraghi-Sohi Sudeh , Bowie Paul , Esmail Aneez , de Wet Carl , Campbell Stephen M 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo examine general practitioner (GP) understanding of the never event (NE) concept in general practice, and to identify potential enablers and barriers to implementation in UK general practice.DesignQualitative study using focus groups. The data were analysed thematically and were informed by the normalisation process theory.SettingGeneral practice in Northwest England and Southwest Scotland.Participants25 GPs took part in five focus groups. 13 GPs were female and 12 male with an age range of 28–60.ResultsThe NE approach of avoiding serious preventable adverse outcomes from healthcare fitted with participants expectations of the delivery of care but the implementation of strategies to prevent the specific NE was considered complex and variable. The main themes identified participants’ understandings and perceived limitations of the NE concept; the embedded layers of responsibility to implement NE within practices and the work required for implementation within general practices. Participants’ accounts highlighted the differential nature of work in general practice and that the implementation of initiatives to address specific NE should be situated within a learning and systems approach to implementation. Some NEs were considered more relevant and amenable to simple solutions than others which could influence implementation.ConclusionsThe NE concept was considered overall an important approach to help address key primary care patient safety issues. The utility of individual NEs may vary depending on the complexity of the initiatives that would be needed to manage related risks to as low as reasonably practicable.
Editors’ and authors’ individual conflicts of interest disclosure and journal transparency. A cross-sectional study of high-impact medical specialty journals
Authors: Dal-Ré Rafael , Caplan Arthur L , Marusic Ana 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the fulfilment of authors’ and editors’ individual disclosure of potential conflicts of interest in a group of highly influential medicine journals across a variety of specialties.DesignCross-sectional analysis.Setting and participantsTop-ranked five journals as per 2017 Journal Citation Report impact factor of 26 medical, surgery and imaging specialties.InterventionsObservational analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPercentage of journals requiring disclosure of authors’ and editors’ individual potential conflicts of interest (CoI). Journals that were listed as followers of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations, members of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and linked to a third party (ie, college, professional association/society, public institution).ResultsAlthough 99% (129/130) of journals required author’s CoI disclosure, only 12% (16/130) reported individual editors’ potential CoIs. Forty−five per cent (58/130) of journals were followers of the ICMJE Recommendations, and 73% (95/130) were COPE members. Most (69%; 90/130) were linked to a college, professional society/association or public institution. Only one journal did not have policies on individual authors’ and editors’ CoI disclosure.ConclusionVery few high-impact medical journals disclosed their editorial teams’ individual potential CoIs—conversely, almost all required disclosure of authors’ individual CoIs. Journal followers of the ICMJE Recommendations should regularly disclose the editors’ individual CoIs, as this is the only legitimate way to ask the same transparency of authors.
Predicting patient-reported and objectively measured functional outcome 6 months after ankle fracture in people aged 60 years or over in the UK: prognostic model development and internal validation
Authors: Keene David J , Vadher Karan , Willett Keith , Mistry Dipesh , Costa Matthew L , Collins Gary S , Lamb Sarah E 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo predict functional outcomes 6 months after ankle fracture in people aged ≥60 years using post-treatment and 6-week follow-up data to inform anticipated recovery, and identify people who may benefit from additional monitoring or rehabilitation.DesignPrognostic model development and internal validation.Setting24 National Health Service hospitals, UK.MethodsParticipants were the Ankle Injury Management clinical trial cohort (n=618) (ISRCTN04180738), aged 60–96 years, 459/618 (74%) female, treated surgically or conservatively for unstable ankle fracture. Predictors were injury and sociodemographic variables collected at baseline (acute hospital setting) and 6-week follow-up (clinic). Outcome measures were 6-month postinjury (primary) self-reported ankle function, using the Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and (secondary) Timed Up and Go (TUG) test by blinded assessor. Missing data were managed with single imputation. Multivariable linear regression models were built to predict OMAS or TUG, using baseline variables or baseline and 6-week follow-up variables. Models were internally validated using bootstrapping.ResultsThe OMAS baseline data model included: alcohol per week (units), postinjury EQ-5D-3L visual analogue scale (VAS), sex, preinjury walking distance and walking aid use, smoking status and perceived health status. The baseline/6-week data model included the same baseline variables, minus EQ-5D-3L VAS, plus five 6-week predictors: radiological malalignment, injured ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion range of motion, and 6-week OMAS and EQ-5D-3L. The models explained approximately 23% and 26% of the outcome variation, respectively. Similar baseline and baseline/6 week data models to predict TUG explained around 30% and 32% of the outcome variation, respectively.ConclusionsPredictive accuracy of the prognostic models using commonly recorded clinical data to predict self-reported or objectively measured ankle function was relatively low and therefore unlikely to be beneficial for clinical practice and counselling of patients. Other potential predictors (eg, psychological factors such as catastrophising and fear avoidance) should be investigated to improve predictive accuracy.Trial registration numberISRCTN04180738; Post-results.
Measurement of unnecessary psychiatric readmissions: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kim Bo , Weatherly Christopher , Wolk Courtney Benjamin , Proctor Enola K 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionCare transition for patients being discharged from inpatient mental healthcare to outpatient settings is a growing focus for healthcare delivery systems. Many studies of this inpatient to outpatient transition use the rate of postdischarge readmissions as a patient-level outcome measure to assess the quality of transition. However, it is unclear how studies define the measure, and whether there is a shared understanding by the field regarding which definition is appropriate for which circumstances. This scoping review thus aims to examine how published studies have approached measuring unnecessary psychiatric readmissions.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be structured according to Levacet al’s enhancement to Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for conducting scoping reviews. The protocol is registered through the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/5nxuc/). We will search literature databases for studies that (1) are about care transition processes associated with unnecessary psychiatric readmissions and (2) specify use of at least one readmission time interval (ie, time period since previous discharge from inpatient care, within which a hospitalisation can be considered a readmission). Screening and review of articles will be carried out by two reviewers, first independently then involving a third reviewer as needed for consensus. We will assess review findings through both tabular and thematic analyses, noting prevalent trends in study characteristics and emergent themes across our reviewed studies.Ethics and disseminationThis work comes at a time of heightened interest by many mental healthcare systems in high-quality practices that structure their care processes towards effective inpatient to outpatient transitions. Findings will support the systems’ careful examination of alternative potential transitional interventions, helping to ensure that their often limited quality enhancement resources are put to optimal use. We will focus on disseminating our findings to the healthcare community through strong communication infrastructures and connections with health system stakeholders that our multidisciplinary study consultants will foster throughout this study.
Stop paying through the nose: student and trainee medical conferences offer better value for money than professional alternatives
Authors: Sharp Elliott W , Curlewis Keegan , Clarke Thomas H S 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundScientific conferences in the UK are attended by practising doctors and medical students for sharing research, networking and professional development. Student/trainee conferences are typically cheaper than professional conferences, but as they are not acknowledged in national scoring systems for medical and surgical training applications, they may have worse attendance than otherwise possible. We questioned whether student/trainee conferences are of a similar scientific quality to professional conferences, while being considerably cheaper.MethodsIn this cross-sectional database review, 162 conferences were identified through a systematic search of two conference databases by three independent researchers. χ2 tests were used to compare scientific quality between student/trainee and professional conferences and the likelihood of offering different types of discounts. Independent t-tests were employed to determine cost differences between the two categories of conferences.ResultsOur data revealed that there was no significant difference between student/trainee and professional conferences likelihood of declaring information on their abstract review processes (p=0.105). There was no difference in speaker seniority, determined by the tool the authors developed (p=0.172). Student/trainee conferences were significantly more likely to offer workshops (p&lt;0.0005) and were cheaper than professional conferences (p&lt;0.0005).ConclusionOur results show that student/trainee conferences offer a similar level of scientific quality to professional medical conferences in the UK at a fraction of the cost, which should be reflected within the national scoring systems.
Radiative decays and the SU(6) Lie algebra
Authors: Slaughter Milton Dean 
Published: July 2019

We present research on radiative decays of vector [Formula: see text] to pseudoscalar [Formula: see text] particles ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] quark system) using broken symmetry techniques in the infinite-momentum frame and equal-time commutation relations and the [Formula: see text] Lie algebra, and conducted without ascribing any specific form to meson quark structure or intra-quark interactions. We utilize the physical electromagnetic current [Formula: see text] including its singlet [Formula: see text] term and focus on the [Formula: see text] 35-plet. We derive new relations involving the electromagnetic current (including its singlet — proportional to the [Formula: see text] singlet). Remarkably, we find that the electromagnetic current singlet plays an intrinsic role in understanding the physics of radiative decays and that the charged and neutral [Formula: see text] meson radiative decays into [Formula: see text] are due entirely to the singlet term in [Formula: see text]. Although there is insufficient radiative decay experimental data available at this time, parametrization of possible predicted values of [Formula: see text] is made. For conciseness and self-containment, we compute all [Formula: see text] Lie algebra simple roots, positive roots, weights and fundamental weights which allow the construction of all [Formula: see text] representations. We also derive all nonzero [Formula: see text] generator commutators and anticommutators — useful for further research on grand unified theories.
Performance enhancement of MEMS-guided four beam piezoelectric transducers for energy harvesting and acceleration sensing
Authors: Ghoddus Hossein , Kordrostami Zoheir , Amiri Peyman 
Published: July 2019

In the present paper, guided four beam (G4B) piezoelectric transducers with enhanced sensitivities have been designed. Based on the suggested G4B structures, piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) and acceleration transducers with higher voltages than their previously reported counterparts and with lower displacements than the single-cantilever PEHs (SC-PEHs) have been proposed. We have shown that it is possible to arrive at much more output voltages in comparison with the conventional PEHs by redesigning the structure of the cantilever beams. In 1 g acceleration, the maximum output voltage obtained from the proposed PEHs has been 13.49 V whereas the output voltage for the conventional G4B-PEH is 2.87 V. This paper for the first time proposes G4B-PEHs with smaller displacements and larger voltages compared to a SC-PEH. The same G4B framework has been studied as a piezoelectric acceleration transducer. The effect of piezoelectric length on the extracted voltage in both unimorph and bimorph cantilevers has been discussed and the optimized length has been calculated. An analytical method is developed to compute the resonance frequencies of different beam shapes whose results are in a good agreement with numerical simulations.
Urban Densification and 12‐Year Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Markers
Authors: Chandrabose Manoj , Owen Neville , Giles‐Corti Billie , Turrell Gavin , Carver Alison , Sugiyama Takemi 
Published: July 2019

Background
Population densities of many cities are increasing rapidly, with the potential for impacts on cardiovascular health. This longitudinal study examined the potential impact of population‐density increases in urban areas (urban densification) on cardiovascular risk markers among Australian adults.

Methods and Results

Data were from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, in which adult participants’ cardiovascular risk markers were collected in 3 waves (in 1999–2000, 2004–2005, and 2011–2012). We included 2354 participants with a mean age of 51 years at baseline who did not change their residence during the study period. Outcomes were 12‐year changes in waist circumference, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting and 2‐hour postload plasma glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. The exposure was neighborhood population densification, defined as 12‐year change in population density within a 1‐km radius buffer around the participant’s home. Multilevel linear growth models, adjusting for potential confounders, were used to examine the relationships. Each 1% annual increase in population density was related with smaller increases in waist circumference (b=−0.043 cm/y; 95%
CI,
−0.065 to −0.021 [
P
<0.001]), weight (b=−0.019 kg/y; 95%
CI,
−0.039 to 0.001 [
P
=0.07]), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (b=−0.035 mg/
dL
per year; 95%
CI
, −0.067 to −0.002 [
P
=0.04]), and greater increases in diastolic blood pressure (b=0.032 mm Hg/y; 95%
CI
, −0.004 to 0.069 [
P
=0.08]).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, at least in the context of Australia, urban densification may be protective against obesity risk but may have adverse effects on blood lipids and blood pressure. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which urban densification influences cardiovascular health.
Designing Drought Indicators
Authors: Purdy A. J. , Kawata Jessie , Fisher Joshua B. , Reynolds Margaux , Om Gina , Ali Zahin , Babikian Justin , Roman Christiahn , Mann Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrought indicators hold great potential to assist water management. However, drought information products are traditionally designed by scientists with little input from the end users. This has resulted in an inundation of products ill suited to stakeholder needs and requirements, limiting the potential for improving management through the use of these products. In a different field—the field of product design—product designers and strategists have matured methodologies for optimizing the creation of material products, such as shoes and cars, for example, for customers. A multitude of design-centric strategies are employed to determine customer needs and requirements (e.g., lighter shoe, more cushioning, breathable, reflectivity, arch support, width options, color options). These approaches can be extended from material to information or data products. Here, we describe how the methodological approaches within the field of product design can be interdisciplinarily employed to data products for drought indicators, with water managers as end users (i.e., the “customers”). New results for drought data products may be transformative in how drought indices are constructed, communicated, and delivered, with potentially significant improvements for water management.