bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoactivatable Adhesive Ligands for Light‐Guided Neuronal Growth
Authors: Farrukh Aleeza , Fan Wenqiang , Zhao Shifang , Salierno Marcelo , Paez Julieta I. , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeuro‐regeneration after trauma requires growth and reconnection of neurons to reestablish information flow in particular directions across the damaged tissue. To support this process, biomaterials for nerve tissue regeneration need to provide spatial information to adhesion receptors on the cell membrane and to provide directionality to growing neurites. Here, photoactivatable adhesive peptides based on the CASIKVAVSADR laminin peptidomimetic are presented and applied to spatiotemporal control of neuronal growth to biomaterials in vitro. The introduction of a photoremovable group [6‐nitroveratryl (NVOC), 3‐(4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)butan‐2‐yl (DMNPB), or 2,2′‐((3′‐(1‐hydroxypropan‐2‐yl)‐4′‐nitro‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)azanediyl)bis(ethan‐1‐ol) (HANBP)] at the amino terminal group of the K residue temporally inhibited the activity of the peptide. The bioactivity was regained through controlled light exposure. When used in neuronal culture substrates, the peptides allowed light‐based control of the attachment and differentiation of neuronal cells. Site‐selective irradiation activated adhesion and differentiation cues and guided seeded neurons to grow in predefined patterns. This is the first demonstration of ligand‐based light‐controlled interaction between neuronal cells and biomaterials.
Calcium‐Mobilizing Behaviors of Neutral Cyclic ADP‐Ribose Mimics that Integrate Modifications to the Nucleobase, Northern Ribose and Pyrophosphate
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Kehui , Hu Jianxing , Liu Zhenming , Jin Hongwei , Zhang Liangren , Zhang Lihe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizer involved in diverse cellular processes. Mimics of cADPR play a crucial role in investigating the molecular mechanism(s) of cADPR‐mediated signaling. Here, compound 3, a mimic of cADPR in which a neutral triazole moiety and an ether linkage were introduced to substitute the pyrophosphate and “northern” ribose components, respectively, was synthesized for the first time. The pharmacological activities in Jurkat cells indicated that this mimic is capable of penetrating plasma membrane and inciting Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the action of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and triggering Ca2+ influx. Furthermore, a uridine moiety was introduced in place of adenine and the new cADPR mimics 4 and 5 were synthesized. The results of biological investigation showed that these mimics also targeted RyRs and retained moderate Ca2+ agonistic activities. The results indicated that the neutral cADPR mimics had the same targets for inducing Ca2+ signaling.
Unilateral upper extremity lymphedema in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Mupamombe Charles T. , LoGiurato Brendan , Kampel Lewis , Cohen Jean Marc 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageUpper extremity lymphedema and cutaneous spread are atypical behavior of prostate disease and should be kept in the differential for selected patients. This presentation in these patients may be underdiagnosed and potentially an ominous sign. Our case adds to our continued learning of possible prostate malignancy behavior.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation for myeloid/NK cell precursor acute leukemia in second remission
Authors: Noguchi Yusuke , Tomizawa Daisuke , Hiroki Haruka , Miyamoto Satoshi , Tezuka Mari , Miyawaki Reiji , Tanaka‐Kubota Mari , Okano Tubasa , Kobayashi Chika , Mitsuiki Noriko , Aoki Yuki , Imai Kohsuke , Kajiwara Michiko , Kanegane Hirokazu , Morio Tomohiro , Takagi Masatoshi 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageMyeloid/natural killer cell precursor acute leukemia (MNKPL) is a rare leukemia subtype characterized by a high incidence of extramedullary infiltration. No appropriate treatment strategy has so far been developed. Acute myelogenous leukemia‐type chemotherapy combined with L‐Asparaginase is an effective treatment for MNKPL. Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a second option in refractory cases.
Colonic bleeding from migrated cement
Authors: Sotiropoulos Georgios C. , Garoufalia Zoe , Klonaris Christos , Machairas Nikolaos 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageMigration of foreign bodies through the colonic wall can be the result of inflammation or effect of radiotherapy. Patients with such condition may remain asymptomatic. Careful assessment of patient' history can provide valuable information in symptomatic cases such as colonic obstruction or bleeding.
Merkel cell carcinoma with intramedullary spinal cord metastasis: a very rare clinical finding
Authors: Haykal Tarek , Towfiq Basim 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis clinical image teaches readers that a rare finding such as intramedullary spinal metastasis could exist even in the rarest tumors. It adds to the literature how it was managed. It also might reflect the improvement of our cancer treatment allowing us to follow patients longer to find those rare findings in rare tumors.
Morel‐Lavallee injury a case study
Authors: Myrick Karen M. , Davis Stephen 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageMorel‐Lavallee lesions are post‐traumatic, soft‐tissue degloving injuries commonly misdiagnosed as hematomas or ruptured bursa. The clinician needs to be aware of this injury, in order to provide appropriate patient care and treatment. If not treated early, risks include superinfection, continued expansion, overlying tissue necrosis, and suboptimal patient outcomes.
Phenol Catalytic Hydrogenation over Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Metal‐Organic Frameworks in the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Chen Hao , He Yulian , Pfefferle Lisa D. , Pu Weihua , Wu Yulong , Qi Suitao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively applied as supports in hydrogenation catalysis owing to their topological structure and high hydrogen storage capabilities. Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on a hollow box‐shaped MOF were prepared for phenol hydrogenation in the aqueous phase. The MOF preparation modulated by monocarboxylic acids grow into different structures. MOF140‐AA, modulated by acetic acid at 140 °C, presents the structure of regular cube with a smooth surface. Compared to other supports, Pd NPs supported on MOF140‐AA presents high phenol conversion due to the high hydrogen storage capability of MOF140‐AA. Phenol is completely converted to cyclohexanol over Pd/MOF140‐AA reacted at 260 °C for 2 h with high selectivity. The reaction mechanism of phenol hydrogenation is studied by density functional theory (DFT). The phenol hydrogenation mechanism is calculated on a Pd38 cluster, which describes the reaction pathway consistent with experimental results.
Simple Green Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of a New Fluorinated Carbonate as Additive for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Beichel Witali , Klose Petra , Blattmann Hannes , Hoecker Johannes , Kratzert Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA fluorinated carbonate (4‐(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5‐nonafluoro‐pentyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one, 1) was synthesized from the corresponding oxirane through a one‐step carbonation reaction. The compound was obtained in quantitative yield with battery‐grade purity on a 50 g scale. Carbonate 1 was fully characterized by NMR, IR, MS, and crystal structure analysis. The compound melts at 98 °C and decomposes at 168 °C. When used as additive in lithium‐ion half‐ and full‐cell tests, 1 exhibited no reactivity toward the graphite anode, no participation in the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and led to a higher oxidation stability of the electrolyte against a carbon black electrode, compared to 4‐fluoro‐ethylenecarbonate and 4‐trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one. The facile, clean, and scalable one‐step synthesis of 1 combined with its electrochemical behavior characterizes it as a promising additive for high voltage applications in lithium‐ion batteries.
Non‐Heme Iron Catalysts for Olefin Epoxidation: Conformationally Rigid Aryl–Aryl Junction To Support Amine/Imine Multidentate Ligands
Authors: Park Hyunchang , Ahn Hye Mi , Jeong Ha Young , Kim Cheal , Lee Dongwhan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAtom‐transfer chemistry represents an important class of reactions catalyzed by metalloenzymes. As a functional mimic of non‐heme iron enzymes that deliver oxygen atoms to olefins, we have designed monoiron complexes supported by new N‐donor chelates. These ligands take advantage of heme‐like conformational rigidity of the π‐conjugated molecular backbone, and synthetic flexibility of tethering non‐heme donor groups for additional steric and electronic control. Iron complexes generated in situ can be used to carry out catalytic epoxidation of a wide range of olefin substrates by using mCPBA as a terminal oxidant. The fate of initial iron‐peracid adduct and the involvement of iron‐oxo species in this process were investigated further by mechanistic probes and isotope exchange studies. Our findings suggest that anilidopyridyl‐derived [N,N]‐bidentate motif could serve as a versatile structural platform to build non‐heme ligands for catalytic oxidation chemistry.
Overcoming the gamma‐ray computed tomography data processing pitfalls for bubble column equipped with vertical internal tubes
Authors: Sultan Abbas J. , Sabri Laith S. , Shao Jianbin , Al‐Dahhan Muthanna H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study identifies and addresses some major pitfalls that are involved in the visualization and quantification of the gas‐liquid distributions and their profiles in a bubble column with internals using the gamma‐ray computed tomography (CT) technique. Some of these pitfalls encountered in the scanning of bubble columns with internals are using an improper reference scan, and applying the same experimental scanning procedure and mathematical relationships for estimating the gas holdup in the column without internals to the column with internals. The experimental results revealed that the selection of the inappropriate reference scan for CT experiments would significantly affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient values and consequently the gas holdup results. Additionally, the reconstructed linear attenuation values showed good agreement with theoretical values when considering air as reference scans. However, disagreement is observed when using the empty column with internals as a reference scan. Moreover, it was found that using the proper reference scan eliminated the errors not only for the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficients but also for the gas holdup values near the wall region. Furthermore, the CT technique was capable of capturing the small thickness (5 mm) of the wall for phantom and bubble columns as well as the internals when the air was used as the reference scan. Finally, a new methodology has been implemented to exclude the internals from the cross‐sectional images, and the azimuthally averaged gas holdup profiles to provide accurate and reliable results for comparison and validation purposes for the bubble column with internals.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements in radiation‐related human papillary thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Arndt Annette , Steinestel Konrad , Rump Alexis , Sroya Manveer , Bogdanova Tetiana , Kovgan Leonila , Port Matthias , Abend Michael , Eder Stefan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChildhood radiation exposure has been associated with increased papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) risk. The role of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements in radiation‐related PTC remains unclear, but STRN‐ALK fusions have recently been detected in PTCs from radiation exposed persons after Chernobyl using targeted next‐generation sequencing and RNA‐seq. We investigated ALK and RET gene rearrangements as well as known driver point mutations in PTC tumours from 77 radiation‐exposed patients (mean age at surgery 22.4 years) and PTC tumours from 19 non‐exposed individuals after the Chernobyl accident. ALK rearrangements were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and confirmed with immunohistochemistry (IHC); point mutations in the BRAF and RAS genes were detected by DNA pyrosequencing. Among the 77 tumours from exposed persons, we identified 7 ALK rearrangements and none in the unexposed group. When combining ALK and RET rearrangements, we found 24 in the exposed (31.2%) compared to two (10.5%) in the unexposed group. Odds ratios increased significantly in a dose‐dependent manner up to 6.2 (95%CI: 1.1, 34.7; p = 0.039) at Iodine‐131 thyroid doses >500 mGy. In total, 27 cases carried point mutations of BRAF or RAS genes, yet logistic regression analysis failed to identify significant dose association. To our knowledge we are the first to describe ALK rearrangements in post‐Chernobyl PTC samples using routine methods such as FISH and IHC. Our findings further support the hypothesis that gene rearrangements, but not oncogenic driver mutations, are associated with ionising radiation‐related tumour risk. IHC may represent an effective method for ALK‐screening in PTCs with known radiation aetiology, which is of clinical value since oncogenic ALK activation might represent a valuable target for small molecule inhibitors.
A novel map of the mouse eye for orienting retinal topography in anatomical space
Authors: Stabio Maureen E. , Sondereker Katelyn B. , Haghgou Sean D. , Day Brittany L. , Chidsey Berrien , Sabbah Shai , Renna Jordan M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFunctionally distinct retinal ganglion cells have density and size gradients across the mouse retina, and some degenerative eye diseases follow topographic‐specific gradients of cell death. Hence, the anatomical orientation of the retina with respect to the orbit and head is important for understanding the functional anatomy of the retina in both health and disease. However, different research groups use different anatomical landmarks to determine retinal orientation (dorsal, ventral, temporal, nasal poles). Variations in the accuracy and reliability in marking these landmarks during dissection may lead to discrepancies in the identification and reporting of retinal topography. The goal of this study was to compare the accuracy and reliability of the canthus, rectus muscle, and choroid fissure landmarks in reporting retinal orientation. The retinal relieving cut angle made from each landmark during dissection was calculated based on its relationship to the opsin transition zone (OTZ), determined via a custom MATLAB script that aligns retinas from immunostained s‐opsin. The choroid fissure and rectus muscle landmarks were the most accurate and reliable, while burn marks using the canthus as a reference were the least. These values were used to build an anatomical map that plots various ocular landmarks in relationship to one another, to the horizontal semicircular canals, to lambda–bregma, and to the earth's horizon. Surprisingly, during normal locomotion, the mouse's opsin gradient and the horizontal semicircular canals make equivalent 6° angles aligning the OTZ near the earth's horizon, a feature which may enhance the mouse's ability to visually navigate through its environment.
A comparative study on pathological features of transgenic rat lines expressing either three or four repeat misfolded tau
Authors: Valachova Bernadeta , Brezovakova Veronika , Bugos Ondrej , Jadhav Santosh , Smolek Tomas , Novak Petr , Zilka Norbert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman tauopathies represent a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by distinct clinical features, typical histopathological structures, and defined ratio(s) of three‐repeat and four‐repeat tau isoforms within pathological aggregates. How the optional microtubule‐binding repeat of tau influences this differentiation of pathologies is understudied. We have previously generated and characterized transgenic rodent models expressing human truncated tau aa151–391 with either three (SHR24) or four microtubule‐binding repeats (SHR72). Here, we compare the behavioral and neuropathological hallmarks of these two transgenic lines using a battery of tests for sensorimotor, cognitive, and neurological functions over the age range of 3.5–15 months. Progression of sensorimotor and neurological deficits was similar in both transgenic lines; however, the lifespan of transgenic line SHR72 expressing truncated four‐repeat tau was markedly shorter than SHR24. Moreover, the expression of three or four‐repeat tau induced distinct neurofibrillary pathology in these lines. Transgenic lines displayed different distribution of tau pathology and different type of neurofibrillary tangles. Our results suggest that three‐ and four‐repeat isoforms of tau may display different modes of action in the diseased brain.
Compensation method of phase‐locked loop under unbalanced grid condition based on harmonic linearization
Authors: Zha Xiaoming , Cen Yang , Huang Meng , Peng Dongdong 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe voltage source converter (VSC) is often faced with unbalanced grid conditions that will degrade its performance because of the distorted current with a large amount of harmonics. One of the main parts of current distortion is the third‐order harmonics caused by the negative‐sequence voltage component at the fundamental frequency. The distorted output of the synchronous reference frame phase‐locked loop (SRF‐PLL) due to the unbalanced grid voltage is the main reason for the existence of the harmonics. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the generation of harmonics currents and proposes a compensation method for the PLL in VSCs based on the harmonic linearization method without changing the structure of SRF‐PLL. The proposed PLL can work properly under unbalanced grid conditions and has a good dynamic response. The third‐order current harmonics are reduced significantly by using the proposed PLL instead of the conventional SRF‐PLL without changing the current control strategy of VSC. The compensation method is verified by cycle‐by‐cycle circuit simulations and controller hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments.
Emerging therapeutic potential for xenin and related peptides in obesity and diabetes
Authors: Craig Sarah L. , Gault Victor A. , Irwin Nigel 
Published: April 2018

SummaryXenin‐25 is a 25‐amino acid peptide hormone co‐secreted from the same enteroendocrine K‐cell as the incretin peptide glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. There is no known specific receptor for xenin‐25, but studies suggest that at least some biological actions may be mediated through interaction with the neurotensin receptor. Original investigation into the physiological significance of xenin‐25 focussed on effects related to gastrointestinal transit and satiety. However, xenin‐25 has been demonstrated in pancreatic islets and recently shown to possess actions in relation to the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion, as well as promoting beta‐cell survival. Accordingly, the beneficial impact of xenin‐25, and related analogues, has been assessed in animal models of diabetes‐obesity. In addition, studies have demonstrated that metabolically active fragment peptides of xenin‐25, particularly xenin‐8, possess independent therapeutic promise for diabetes, as well as serving as bioactive components for the generation of multi‐acting hybrid peptides with antidiabetic potential. This review focuses on continuing developments with xenin compounds in relation to new therapeutic approaches for diabetes‐obesity.
Cohort study to determine the waist circumference cutoffs for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural China
Authors: Ren Yongcheng , Liu Yu , Sun Xizhuo , Wang Bingyuan , Zhao Yang , Luo Xinping , Wang Chongjian , Li Linlin , Zhang Lu , Zhou Junmei , Han Chengyi , Liu Xuejiao , Zhang Dongdong , Zhao Jingzhi , Zhang Ming , Hu Dongsheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available on the cutoffs of waist circumference (WC) for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to define the optimal WC cutoffs for predicting T2DM among rural Chinese people.MethodsA cohort of 11 968 participants (732 new‐onset T2DM) from a rural area in China with age 18 to 87 years was established at baseline during July to August of 2007 and 2008 and followed up during July to August of 2013 and 2014. Scatterplot, X‐tile plot, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine WC cutoffs for predicting T2DM.ResultsThe WC cutoffs for males and females were 84 and 86 cm (scatterplot), 83 and 88 cm (X‐tile plot), and 87 and 88 cm (ROC curve). According to the highest risk score, the optimal WC cutoffs were 87 cm for males and 88 cm for females. With the optimal WC cutoffs, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, area under the ROC curve, and population‐attributable risk proportions were 67.9%, 67.0%, 2.06%, 0.70%, and 46%, respectively, for males and 52.5%, 75.0%, 2.10%, 0.69%, and 34%, respectively, for females; the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio for WC predicting T2DM was 3.66 (95% confidence interval 2.80‐4.78) for males and 2.55 (2.08‐3.12) for females.ConclusionsThe optimal WC cutoffs for predicting T2DM were similar between males and females. As well, the criteria of WC for central obesity are no longer practical for predicting T2DM.
Socio‐economic status and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bijlsma-Rutte Anne , Rutters Femke , Elders Petra J.M. , Bot Sandra D.M. , Nijpels Giel 
Published: April 2018

SummaryUp until now, differences in HbA1c levels by socio‐economic status (SES) have been identified, but not yet quantified in people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the difference in HbA1c levels between people with type 2 diabetes of different SES in a systematic review and meta‐analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Ebsco, and the Cochrane Library until January 14, 2018. Included studies described adults with type 2 diabetes in whom the association between SES and HbA1c levels was studied. Studies were rated for methodological quality and data were synthesized quantitatively (meta‐analysis) and qualitatively (levels of evidence), stratified for type of SES variable, i.e., education, income, deprivation, and employment. Fifty‐one studies were included: 15 high, 27 moderate, and 9 of low methodological quality. Strong evidence was provided that people of low SES have higher HbA1c levels than people of high SES, for deprivation, education, and employment status. The pooled mean difference in HbA1c levels between people of low and high SES was 0.26% (95% CI, 0.09‐0.43) or 3.12 mmol/mol (95% CI, 1.21‐5.04) for education and 0.20% (95% CI, −0.05 to 0.46) or 2.36 mmol/mol (95%CI, −0.61 to 5.33) for income. In conclusion, our systematic review and meta‐analysis showed that there was an inverse association between SES and HbA1c levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Future research should focus on finding SES‐sensitive strategies to reduce HbA1c levels in people with type 2 diabetes.