bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal diversity in the grapes-to-wines chain with emphasis on Penicillium species
Authors: Felšöciová Soňa , Mašková Zuzana , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: April 2018

The aim of this work was the description of surface and endogenous mycobiota colonisation of grapes, fresh grape juice, grape must, and wine primarily focused to the current spectrum of the penicillium species. One sample of white grape variety Palava and one sample of blue grape variety Dornfelder were collected in Small Carpathian wine growing region of Slovakia in the year 2017. Direct plating of grapes on agar plates was used for analysis of surface mycobiota of grapes while surface sterilsed grapes were used for endogenous mycobiota analysis. Mycobiota of juice, must, and wine was analysed by plate dilution method. Overall, we isolated 148 strains belonging to 13 genera of filamentous microscopic fungi and Mycelia sterilia from grape variety Palava, while the most frequent was Alternaria. Alternaria was the most common genus in the surface and endogenous colonisation with an average relative density 50% and 73.6%, respectively. A total of 2 species of Penicillium were detected from the grapes to wine, potentially toxigenic Penicillium expansum and P. chrysogenum. A total of 39 strains belonging to 6 genera and Mycelia sterilia were identified from grape variety Dornfelder. The most abundant genus was also Alternaria (51.3%), followed by Penicillium (12.8%). Alternaria was the most common genus in the surface and endogenous colonisation and fresh grape juice with an average relative density from 20% (grape juice) to 71% (endogenous colonisation of grapes). A total of 3 species of Penicillium were detected from the grapes to wine, where Penicillium expansum were detected most commonly. In the second part of our work some selected isolates were tested to the ability to produce mycotoxins such as patulin, citrinin, and roquefortin C in in vitro condition by thin layer chromatography method. All tested strains of Penicillium species were able to produce at least one mycotoxin.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability of Three Classification Systems for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Pham Peter , Dillard Sarita , Schilero Christina , Chiang Sharon 
Published: April 2018

Background
There are more than ten classification systems currently used in the staging of hallux rigidus. This results in confusion and inconsistency with radiographic interpretation and treatment. The reliability of hallux rigidus classification systems has not yet been tested. We sought to evaluate the intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities of three commonly used classifications for hallux rigidus.

Methods
Twenty-one plain radiograph sets were presented to ten American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons board-certified foot and ankle surgeons. Each physician classified each radiograph based on clinical experience and knowledge according to the Regnauld, Roukis, and Hattrup and Johnson classification systems. The two-way mixed single-measure consistency intraclass correlation coefficient was used to calculate intrarater and interrater reliabilities.

Results
The mean ± SD intrarater reliability of individual sets for the Roukis (0.62 ± 0.19) and Hattrup and Johnson (0.62 ± 0.28) classification systems was fair to good and for the Regnauld system bordered between fair to good and poor (0.43 ± 0.24). The interrater reliability of the mean classification was excellent for all three classification systems.

Conclusions
Reliable and reproducible classification systems are essential for treatment and prognostic implications in hallux rigidus. Herein, the Roukis classification system had the best intrarater reliability. Although there are various classification systems for hallux rigidus, the present results indicate that the three classification systems evaluated show reliability and reproducibility.
Effects of Using Insoles of Different Thicknesses in Older Adults: Which Thickness Has the Best Effect on Postural Stability and Risk of Falling?
Authors: Büyükturan Öznur , Demirci Serdar , Büyükturan Buket , Yakut Yavuz 
Published: April 2018

Background
Postural stability (PS) problems arise as individuals grow older, and as a result, risk of falling (RoF) increases in older adults. We sought to examine the effects of insoles of various thicknesses on PS and RoF in older adults.

Methods
Fifty-six study participants had PS and RoF evaluated statically and dynamically under five different conditions: barefoot, only-shoes, with 5-mm insoles, with 10-mm insoles, and with 15-mm insoles. Standard shoes with identical features were used. To avoid time-dependent problems, these assessments were performed under the same conditions in 3 consecutive weeks. The average of these three values was recorded.

Results
Insoles of different thicknesses significantly affected static PS (overall: P =.003; mediolateral [ML]: P =.021; anteroposterior [AP]: P =.006), static RoF (overall, ML, and AP: P < .001), dynamic RoF (overall: P = .003; ML: P = .042; AP: P = .050), and dynamic PS (overall: P = .034; AP: P = .041) but not dynamic PS ML (P = .071). For static PS overall, dynamic PS AP, static RoF overall and ML, and dynamic RoF overall and ML, the highest PS scores and the lowest RoF were recorded when using 10-mm insoles (P < .05).

Conclusions
The use of insoles of different thicknesses has been shown to be effective on all RoF and PS measurements except dynamic PS ML. The 10-mm-thick insole was a better option for elderly individuals to increase PS and reduce RoF compared. For older adults, 10-mm-thick insoles made of medium-density Plastozote may be recommended to help improve PS and reduce RoF.
Stability of an ophthalmic formulation of polyhexamethylene biguanide in gamma-sterilized and ethylene oxide sterilized low density polyethylene multidose eyedroppers
Authors: Bouattour Yassine , Chennell Philip , Wasiak Mathieu , Jouannet Mireille , Sautou Valérie 
Published: April 2018

Background
Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) eye drops are a frequently used medication to treat Acanthamoeba keratitis. In the absence of marketed PHMB eye drops, pharmacy-compounding units are needed to prepare this much needed treatment, but the lack of validated PHMB stability data severely limits their conservation by imposing short expiration dates after preparation. In this study we aim to assess the physicochemical and microbiological stability of a 0.2 mg/mL PHMB eye drop formulation stored in two kinds of polyethylene bottles at two different temperatures.

Methods
A liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector stability-indicating method was validated to quantify PHMB, using a cyanopropyl bonded phase (Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-CN column 4.6 × 75 mm with particle size of 3.5 μm) and isocratic elution consisting of acetonitrile/deionized water (3/97 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. PHMB eye drops stability was assessed for 90 days of storage at 5 and 25 °C in ethylene oxide sterilized low density polyethylene (EOS-LDPE) and gamma sterilized low density polyethylene (GS-LDPE) bottles. The following analyses were performed: visual inspection, PHMB quantification and breakdown products (BPs) screening, osmolality and pH measurements, and sterility assessment. PHMB quantification and BP screening was also performed on the drops emitted from the multidose eyedroppers to simulate in-use condition.

Results
The analytical method developed meets all the qualitative and quantitative criteria for validation with an acceptable accuracy and good linearity, and is stability indicating. During 90 days of storage, no significant decrease of PHMB concentration was found compared to initial concentration in all stored PHMB eye drops. However, BP were found at day 30 and at day 90 of monitoring in both kind of bottles, stored at 5 and 25 °C, respectively. Although no significant variation of osmolality was found and sterility was maintained during 90 days of monitoring, a significant decrease of pH in GS-LDPE PHMB eye drops was noticed reaching 4 and 4.6 at 25 °C and 5 °C respectively, compared to initial pH of 6.16.

Discussion
Although no significant decrease in PHMB concentration was found during 90 days of monitoring in all conditions, the appearance of BPs and their unknown toxicities let us believe that 0.2 mg/mL PHMB solution should be conserved for no longer than 60 days in EOS-LDPE bottles at 25 °C.
Impact of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna mortality and reproduction in relation to food availability
Authors: Aljaibachi Rana , Callaghan Amanda 
Published: April 2018

Microplastics (MPs) in the environment continue to be a growing area of concern in terms of acute and chronic impacts on aquatic life. Whilst increasing numbers of studies are providing important insights into microparticle behaviour and impacts in the marine environment, a paucity of information exists regarding the freshwater environment. This study focusses on the uptake, retention and the impact of 2 µm polystyrene MPs in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna in relation to food intake (algae Chlorella vulgaris), with MP size chosen to approximately match the cell size of the algae. Daphnia were exposed to varied concentrations of MPs and algae. When exposed to a single concentration of MPs Daphnia almost immediately ate them in large quantities. However, the presence of algae, even at low concentrations, had a significant negative impact on MP uptake that was not in proportion to relative availability. As MP concentrations increased, intake did not if algae were present, even at higher concentrations of MPs. This suggests that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating plastics. Adult Daphnia exposed to MPs for 21 days showed mortality after seven days of exposure in all treatments compared to the control. However significant differences were all related to algal concentration rather than to MP concentration. This suggests that where ample food is present, MPs have little effect on adults. There was also no impact on their reproduction. The neonate toxicity test confirmed previous results that mortality and reproduction was linked to availability of food rather than MP concentrations. This would make sense in light of our suggestion that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating microplastics.
Integrated economic and environmental analysis of agricultural straw reuse in edible fungi industry
Authors: Lu Wencong , Yu Shuao , Ma Yongxi , Huang Hairong 
Published: April 2018

Background
China currently faces severe environmental pollution caused by burning agricultural straw; thus, resource utilization of these straws has become an urgent policy and practical objective for the Chinese government.

Methods
This study develops a bio-economic model, namely, “straw resource utilization for fungi in China (SRUFIC),” on the basis of a field survey of an edible fungi plant in Zhejiang, China, to investigate an integrated economic and environmental performance of straw reuse in fungi production. Five scenarios, which cover changes in the production scale, wage level, and price fluctuations of the main product and inputs, are simulated.

Results
Results reveal that (1) the pilot plant potentially provides enhanced economic benefits and disposes added agricultural residues by adjusting its production strategy; (2) the economic performance is most sensitive to fungi price fluctuations, whereas the environmental performance is more sensitive to production scale and price of fungi than other factors; (3) expanding the production scale can be the most efficient means of improving the performance of a plant economically and environmentally.

Discussion
Overall, agricultural straw reuse in the edible fungi industry can not only reduce the environmental risk derived from burning abandoned straws but also introduce economic benefits. Thus, the straw reuse in the fungi industry should be practiced in China, and specific economic incentive policies, such as price support or subsidies, must be implemented to promote the utilization of agricultural straws in the fungi industry.
ESTUDO SOBRE VULCÕES NO CLUBE DE CIÊNCIAS: ANÁLISE MICROGENÉTICA DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Adriano Graciele Alice Carvalho 
Published: April 2018

Apresentamos o estudo a partir de um enxerto correspondente a pesquisa para dissertação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado em Educação. A pesquisa foi em uma escola da Rede Estadual do Ensino, na cidade de Blumenau, participante do projeto de Escola Pública Integral - EPI. Pretendemos analisar um episódio de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de crianças, a mediação docente e semiótica em um Clube de Ciências, no estudo sobre vulcões. Utilizamos o método investigativo da pesquisa sociocultural (WERTSCH, 1998), de cunho qualitativo, com abordagem na análise microgenética (GOÉS, 2000). Nossa intenção consiste em analisar teoricamente a partir da escola histórico cultural (VIGOTSKI, 2009; 2010), as videogravações realizadas durante a aula. A medida que as interações ocorriam sob a mediação da professora, percebeu-se ao analisar minuciosamente os diálogos e ações das crianças na videografia, indícios do desenvolvimento da ZDP.
Characterizing the Present‐Day Activity of the Tunka and Sayan Faults Within Their Relay Zone (Western Baikal Rift System, Russia)
Authors: Ritz J.‐F. , Arzhannikova A. , Vassallo R. , Arzhannikov S. , Larroque C. , Michelot J.‐L. , Massault M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Sayan and Tunka faults are located at the boundary between the northernmost mountain belt of Central Asia (the Sayan‐Baikal ranges) and the Siberian platform. These prominent crustal structures were involved in the opening of the southern Baikal rift system since the beginning of the Cenozoic and define large‐scale sharp morphotectonic features. Despite low instrumental seismic activity, Late Pleistocene‐Holocene morphotectonic features along the two faults indicate that the faults are active and have the capacity to produce strong earthquakes. A careful mapping of the most recent trace of activity, within the south‐eastern parts of the two faults where they merge within a relay zone, demonstrates that they correspond now to left‐lateral‐reverse faults, suggesting a recent inversion of their vertical component. We also show that the two faults are now structurally connected via a young surface rupture and that no obvious post‐Last Glacial Maximum ruptures are observed along the central part of the Sayan Fault beyond its junction zone with the Tunka fault. This suggests that the left‐lateral strike‐slip deformation is transferred from the eastern Sayan fault to the Tunka fault. A detailed morphotectonic study along the south‐eastern Sayan fault allows estimating a left‐lateral slip rate between 1.3 (min) and 3.9 mm/year (max). Finally, a critical review of Russian paleoseismic data, combined with our paleoseismological investigations, allows us to propose that the mean recurrence time along the two faults is on the order of 4 kyr and that they may have either ruptured together or during seismic clusters.
Preservation of the Early Evolution of the Himalayan Middle Crust in Foreland Klippen: Insights from the Karnali Klippe, West Nepal
Authors: Soucy La Roche Renaud , Godin Laurent , Cottle John M. , Kellett Dawn A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough the India‐Asia collision has been ongoing since the Eocene, the exposed hinterland of the Himalayan orogen was pervasively deformed and metamorphosed at high temperature during the Miocene and hence reveals little information about the Eocene‐Oligocene period of collision. New pressure‐temperature‐time‐deformation data from the Karnali klippe in west Nepal foreland demonstrate that Greater Himalayan sequence (GHS) rocks there escaped the Miocene overprint and consequently unveil the early tectonometamorphic evolution of the middle crust. Prograde metamorphism in the GHS occurred at 40 Ma and peak suprasolidus conditions in the kyanite stability field (i.e., >650–700°C and >0.7–1.0 GPa) were attained between 35 and 30 Ma. Peak metamorphism was followed by cooling, decompression, and melt crystallization at circa 30 Ma during tectonic exhumation below the South Tibetan detachment. As the middle crust was exhumed, strain propagated up section within the South Tibetan detachment high‐strain zone, which remained active through circa 16 Ma. The GHS cooled below ~450–475°C at 20–17 Ma on the southwest flank and 17–14 Ma on the northeast flank of the Karnali klippe. In marked contrast, GHS rocks now exposed in the hinterland were still buried, hot and actively deforming, while the foreland was cooled and exhumed. Oligocene cooling of the frontal tip of the GHS is compatible with the southward extrusion of partially molten midcrustal rocks followed by renewed shortening along out‐of‐sequence shear zones in the hinterland.
Reduction of seed motion using a bio‐absorbable polymer coating during permanent prostate brachytherapy using a mick applicator technique
Authors: Warrell Gregory R. , Xing Yan , Podder Tarun K. , Traughber Bryan J. , Ellis Rodney J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeThe addition of a braided bio‐absorbable vicryl coating to the surface of radioactive seeds used for low dose rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy is intended to reduce the incidence of seed movement and migration. Here, we present a single‐institution study of the frequency and severity of seed slippage (initial seed movement) of coated seeds in comparison with uncoated seeds.MethodsForty‐seven patients received permanent prostate brachytherapy, with either coated (n = 26) or uncoated (n = 21) seeds. AgX100 125I seeds, coated or uncoated, and uncoated Model 200 103Pd seeds were used. During the ultrasound‐guided implantation procedure, each implanted seed was categorized as having remained in the implanted position after being placed, having moved slightly, or having left the ultrasound field of view.Results3.1% of the coated seeds (AgX100 seeds, n = 70) and 6.9% of the uncoated seeds (AgX100 and Model 200 seeds, n = 128) were observed to have moved at least 2 mm from their initial implant positions, respectively. The difference in incidence of this movement was 54.4% (P = 0.0026). Coated AgX100 seeds demonstrated a 66.7% lower rate of movement of at least 2 mm than that for uncoated AgX100 seeds (P = 0.038), and a 49.0% lower rate than that for Model 200 seeds (P = 0.021). While no significant differences were noted in prescription dose coverage of the prostate or the studied dosimetric parameters for the organs at risk between the coated and uncoated seeds (P > 0.05) in the CT‐based Day‐0 postoperative plans, the limited sample size and differences in energies between the 125I and 103Pd seeds make further analysis of postoperative dosimetric coverage difficult without additional data directly comparing the coated and uncoated 125I seeds.ConclusionWhen the vicryl coating is used, seeds have a significantly lower propensity to slip from their initial implant locations. This may help maintain dosimetric integrity, warranting further study of postoperative dosimetry.
Image quality and absorbed dose comparison of single‐ and dual‐source cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Miura Hideharu , Ozawa Shuichi , Okazue Toshiya , Kawakubo Atsushi , Yamada Kiyoshi , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeDual‐source cone‐beam computed tomography (DCBCT) is currently available in the Vero4DRT image‐guided radiotherapy system. We evaluated the image quality and absorbed dose for DCBCT and compared the values with those for single‐source CBCT (SCBCT).MethodsImage uniformity, Hounsfield unit (HU) linearity, image contrast, and spatial resolution were evaluated using a Catphan phantom. The rotation angle for acquiring SCBCT and DCBCT images is 215° and 115°, respectively. The image uniformity was calculated using measurements obtained at the center and four peripheral positions. The HUs of seven materials inserted into the phantom were measured to evaluate HU linearity and image contrast. The Catphan phantom was scanned with a conventional CT scanner to measure the reference HU for each material. The spatial resolution was calculated using high‐resolution pattern modules. Image quality was analyzed using ImageJ software ver. 1.49. The absorbed dose was measured using a 0.6‐cm3 ionization chamber with a 16‐cm‐diameter cylindrical phantom, at the center and four peripheral positions of the phantom, and calculated using weighted cone‐beam CT dose index (CBCTDIw).ResultsCompared with that of SCBCT, the image uniformity of DCBCT was slightly reduced. A strong linear correlation existed between the measured HU for DCBCT and the reference HU, although the linear regression slope was different from that of the reference HU. DCBCT had poorer image contrast than did SCBCT, particularly with a high‐contrast material. There was no significant difference between the spatial resolutions of SCBCT and DCBCT. The absorbed dose for DCBCT was higher than that for SCBCT, because in DCBCT, the two x‐ray projections overlap between 45° and 70°.ConclusionsWe found that the image quality was poorer and the absorbed dose was higher for DCBCT than for SCBCT in the Vero4DRT.
Perspectives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Electronic Communication and Patient‐Reported Outcome Data Collection: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Navarro‐Millán Iris , Zinski Anne , Shurbaji Sally , Johnson Bernadette , Fraenkel Liana , Willig James , Danila Maria I. , Yun Huifeng , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Safford Monika M. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo identify the perspectives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on electronic recording of between‐visit disease activity and other patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and on sharing this information with health care providers or peers.MethodsPatients with RA were recruited to participate in focus groups from December 2014 to April 2015. The topic guide and analysis were based on the Andersen–Newman framework. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed, independently coded, and analyzed for themes.ResultsThirty‐one patients participated in 7 focus groups. Their mean ± SD age was 51 ± 13.1 years, 94% were women, 52% were African American, 11% were Hispanic, and 37% were white. Three themes emerged: provider communication, information‐seeking about RA, and social and peer support. Participants expressed a willingness to track disease activity data to share with health care providers electronically if providers would act on the information. Participants envisioned symptom tracking and information sharing as a mechanism to relay and obtain reliable information about RA. Participants were also interested in electronic communication between visits if it facilitated learning about symptom management and enhanced opportunities for social support among patients with RA.ConclusionPatients with RA may be amenable to electronic collection and sharing of PRO‐type data between clinical encounters if it facilitates communication with health care providers and provides access to reliable information about RA. Providing patients with social support was important for enhancing PROs collection by helping them overcome barriers by using electronic devices and overcome reservations about the value of these data.
NHC‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+3] Cycloaddition of Ortho‐Hydroxyphenyl Substituted Para‐Quinone Methides with Isatin‐Derived Enals
Authors: Li Wenjun , Yuan Huijun , Liu Zhantao , Zhang Zhongyin , Cheng Yuyu , Li Pengfei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe first enantioselective cycloaddition of ortho‐hydroxyphenyl substituted para‐quinone methides has been established by employing isatin‐derived enals as suitable 3C‐synthons under chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. By using this strategy, biologically important ϵ‐lactones have been prepared in good yields (up to 89%) and excellent asymmetric inductions (up to >99% ee, >20:1 dr). Notably, this methodology opens a direct [4+3] annulation entry for the asymmetric synthesis of spirobenzoxopinones bearing an oxindole moiety connected through the spirocenter.magnified image