bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brainstem Functional Connectivity Disturbances in Epilepsy may Recover After Successful Surgery
Authors: González Hernán F J , Goodale Sarah E , Jacobs Monica L , Haas Kevin F , Landman Bennett A , Morgan Victoria L , Englot Dario J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Focal seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are associated with widespread brain network perturbations and neurocognitive problems.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether brainstem connectivity disturbances improve with successful epilepsy surgery, as recent work has demonstrated decreased brainstem connectivity in TLE that is related to disease severity and neurocognitive profile.

METHODS
We evaluated 15 adult TLE patients before and after (>1 yr; mean, 3.4 yr) surgery, and 15 matched control subjects using magnetic resonance imaging to measure functional and structural connectivity of ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) structures, including cuneiform/subcuneiform nuclei (CSC), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and ventral tegmental area (VTA).

RESULTS
TLE patients who achieved long-term postoperative seizure freedom (10 of 15) demonstrated increases in functional connectivity between ARAS structures and fronto-parietal-insular neocortex compared to preoperative baseline (P = .01, Kruskal–Wallis), with postoperative connectivity patterns resembling controls’ connectivity. No functional connectivity changes were detected in 5 patients with persistent seizures after surgery (P = .9, Kruskal–Wallis). Among seizure-free postoperative patients, larger increases in CSC, PPN, and VTA functional connectivity were observed in individuals with more frequent seizures before surgery (P < .05 for each, Spearman's rho). Larger postoperative increases in PPN functional connectivity were seen in patients with lower baseline verbal IQ (P = .03, Spearman's rho) or verbal memory (P = .04, Mann–Whitney U). No changes in ARAS structural connectivity were detected after successful surgery.

CONCLUSION
ARAS functional connectivity disturbances are present in TLE but may recover after successful epilepsy surgery. Larger increases in postoperative connectivity may be seen in individuals with more severe disease at baseline.
Sinclair Lewis
Authors: Parry Sally 
Published: March 2019

Harry Sinclair Lewis (b. 1885–d. 1951) was an astute critic of American society and the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. Born in the prairie town of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Lewis was eager to experience life beyond his hometown. He graduated from Yale University and punctuated his education by trips to England and Panama, as well as work as a janitor at Upton Sinclair’s artistic colony Helicon Hall. Following graduation, he was a newspaperman, a creator of plots for Jack London, and a translator of poetry from the French and German; he also worked for the publishing firms of Frederick Stokes and George H. Doran. Lewis’s first novel, the boy’s adventure tale, Hike and the Aeroplane (1912), was written under a pseudonym. During his lifetime, he wrote over 100 short stories and twenty-three Novels. His first adult novel was the romantic adventure Our Mr. Wrenn (1914). Other novels in this decade included The Trail of the Hawk (1915), about a young pilot; The Job (1917), notable for its portrayal of a successful young businesswoman; and Free Air (1919), an early road novel. Lewis’s life changed forever with the publication of his hugely popular Main Street (1920), a novel that critiqued small-town life. Lewis wrote four other best-selling novels in the 1920s. Babbitt (1922) examined the culture of business and Arrowsmith (1925) delved into the world of medicine, a tribute to his father and brother, who were both doctors. Lewis was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Arrowsmith, but famously declined it, saying that he didn’t believe in literary competition. Elmer Gantry (1927) took on corruption in evangelical religion, while Dodsworth (1929) sent a retired businessman to Europe to reevaluate his life. Lewis’s winning of the Nobel Prize in 1930 was controversial in America, where many felt he was too critical of the United States. However, Lewis’s critiques of American society continued in the second half of his career with such novels as Ann Vickers (1933), which examined women’s suffrage and penal reform, and Cass Timberlane (1945), a meditation on the state of marriage. His two most controversial novels post-1930 were It Can’t Happen Here (1935), about a fascist who is elected president, and Kingsblood Royal (1947), about a white veteran who discovers that he has a black ancestor and becomes ostracized from his middle-class life. Biographer Richard Lingeman said of Lewis, “He wrote with a real moral passion. He really cared.”
Paul Muldoon
Authors: Karhio Anne 
Published: March 2019

Paul Muldoon was born in Portadown, Northern Ireland, in 1951 and spent his childhood in the village of Moy at the border of County Armagh and County Tyrone—a setting for several of his poems. He studied at Queen’s University Belfast and published his first collections of poetry in the early 1970s. At the time of the publication of his first volumes, Muldoon famously enjoyed the mentorship of Seamus Heaney, and this biographical and literary connection has been a constant reference point in criticism, to an extent that other significant literary exchanges and influences initially remained underexplored. After working for the BBC in Belfast until the mid-1980s, Muldoon moved to the United States in 1987. Now a US citizen, he currently lives in New York and works at Princeton University, where he holds the Howard G. B. Clark ’21 chair in the humanities. Muldoon has published twenty-two major collections of poetry, nineteen chapbooks and interim collections, two volumes of critical essays, three opera libretti, song lyrics, translations, and children’s literature. He has been repeatedly characterized as a shapeshifting figure, whose work simultaneously reaffirms and undermines preheld conceptions of what we mean by “Irish poetry.” Thus, to propose that his idiosyncratic style and the remarkable complexity of his verse resists critical categorization is a case of stating the obvious. A reverse claim, however, might be more appropriate: that his writing embraces such a variety of categories that attempts at classification lose their purpose. Muldoon’s densely referential writing and his technical mastery of poetic language are matched by few poets of his generation, and the issue of how successfully his undeniable dexterity translates into poetic efficacy has been a persistent tendency in his critical reception. Muldoon has been, in turns, praised for his unrivaled skill and technical virtuosity or accused of his poetry’s evasiveness, perceived as a lack of social or political commitment. Yet, few would question that his verse has a place in any overview of modern Irish writing, modern English-language poetry, or experimental 20th- and 21st-century poetics. In the early 21st century, Muldoon’s perceived obliquity, or his distaste for direct political engagement with the crises of late-20th-century Northern Ireland, has made way to a more outspoken approach, in poetry as well as in public life. His work has been highly critical of the US invasion of Iraq, for example, and also tackled problematic aspects of Irish culture and history in an increasingly direct manner.
Ceftaroline-Associated Neutropenia: Case Series and Literature Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes
Authors: Sullivan Eva L , Turner R Brigg , O’Neal Hollis R , Crum-Cianflone Nancy F 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCeftaroline is increasingly prescribed for “off-label” indications involving longer durations and higher doses. There have been postmarketing case reports of neutropenia among patients who have received extended durations of ceftaroline, but limited published data currently exist on its incidence and risk factors. We review a total of 37 published cases of ceftaroline-associated neutropenia including cases (n = 4) identified in our health care system. The median time from ceftaroline initiation to development of neutropenia (range) was 25 (8–125) days, with a median duration of neutropenia (range) of 4 (1–16) days. Agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] nadir &lt; 100 cells/mm3) developed in 49% of cases (n = 18), and there was an ANC nadir of 0 in 27% (n = 10). The overall incidence of neutropenia among cases receiving ceftaroline for ≥7–14 days (range) was 12% (7%–18% per individual study), higher than for comparator antibiotics in the literature. Risk factors for ceftaroline-associated neutropenia varied among studies and remain poorly defined.
Microsurgical Treatment of Foramen Magnum Cognard Type V Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sattur Mithun G , Abi-Aad Karl R , Richards Alexandra E , Chong Brian W , Welz Matthew E , Tian Fucheng , Bendok Bernard R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cognard type V dural fistulas represent a rare and unique entity, and present clinically with myelopathy. They are frequently located around the foramen magnum and are most commonly fed by dural branches of the vertebral and external carotid artery. Detection requires meticulous angiography to define the angioarchitecture of the fistula, which in turn defines the treatment modality. We present the case of a 63 yr old woman, after informed consent was obtained, with prolonged, severe and progressive lower extremity myelopathy for 6 yr, with T2-weighted signal changes in the thoracic spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cervical MRI was unremarkable. Following computed tomography (CT), angiography of the spinal canal that revealed tortuous and dilated veins on the thoracic spinal cord surface, catheter angiography was performed. This demonstrated a fistula in relation to a dural branch of left vertebral artery with a characteristic single draining vein coursing caudally to the thoracic level, with delayed outflow suggestive of venous hypertension. Given the fact that the dural feeder was tortuous and relatively small, thus, precluding distal microcatheter access, and with presence of a single accessible draining vein, microsurgical treatment was preferred. Following a midline suboccipital craniotomy in prone position, a limited vertical dural opening was performed. Careful microsurgical arachnoid dissection revealed the arterialized draining vein with the aid of Indocyanine Green angiography. The draining vein was clipped, coagulated, and disconnected. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and the patient is undergoing rehabilitation therapy. Follow-up angiography showed complete elimination of the fistula. Salient teaching points are narrated at conclusion.
Socioeconomic Status and Macroeconomic Expectations
Authors: Das Sreyoshi , Kuhnen Camelia M , Nagel Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We show that individuals’ macroeconomic expectations are influenced by their socioeconomic status (SES). People with higher income or higher education are more optimistic about future macroeconomic developments, including business conditions, the national unemployment rate, and stock market returns. The spread in beliefs between high- and low-SES individuals diminishes significantly during recessions. A comparison with professional forecasters and historical data reveals that the beliefs wedge reflects excessive pessimism on the part of low-SES individuals. SES-driven expectations help explain why higher-SES individuals are more inclined to invest in the stock market and more likely to consider purchasing homes, durable goods, or cars.
Received November 13, 2017; editorial decision February 12, 2019 by Editor Wei Jiang. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
The Foodways of the Intellectual Dark Web: To “Meat” or not to “Meat”
Authors: Sikka Tina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article provides a critique and explanation of dietary practices that are part of a mediatized subcultural political movement associated with the right of the political spectrum in the United States. This movement has brought together political ideologues, academics, public intellectuals, and young, largely white, men for whom particular foodways play a part in the reclamation of a perceived lost sense of dignity, status, and power. I argue that in examining the rise of the paleo and vegan/vegetarian diets a largely ignored aspect of a subculture that has been gaining both increasing attention can be better understood and challenged.
Factors associated with completion of childhood immunization in Malawi: a multilevel analysis of the 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health survey
Authors: Ntenda Peter Austin Morton , Nkoka Owen , Nana Andrè Wendindonde , Majoni Precious , Mhone Thomas Gabriel , Tizifa Tinashe , Mwenyenkulu Edward Tisungane , Kazambwe Jane Flora , Putthanachote Nuntiput , Motsa Mfundi President Stam 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Between 2010 and 2015, the percentage of children 12–23 months of age who received full immunization in Malawi decreased from 81% to 76%, prompting us to investigate the factors associated with completion of childhood immunization in Malawi.

Methods
Using data from the 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, generalized linear mixed models were applied on 3145 children 12–23 months of age nested within 850 communities. Complete immunization was defined as the child having received a Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, three doses of pentavalent vaccine, four doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of pneumococcal vaccine, two doses of rotavirus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine before their first birthday.

Results
Adjusted multilevel regression showed that children born to mothers with either none or one antenatal care visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.56 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.32 to 0.93]) and whose mothers had no card or no longer had a vaccination card (aOR 0.06 [95% CI 0.04 to 0.07]) were less likely to receive complete immunization. In addition, children from the poorest households (aOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.40 to 0.92]) and who resided in communities with a medium (aOR 0.73 [95% CI 0.53 to 0.98]) or high percentage (aOR 0.73 [95% CI 0.53 to 0.99]) of households that perceived the distance to the nearest health facility as a big problem had reduced odds of achieving complete immunization. Furthermore, the findings showed evidence of clustering effects of childhood complete immunization at the community level.

Conclusions
Our findings show that a series of sociodemographic, health and contextual factors are associated with the completion of childhood vaccination. Therefore interventions that aim at increasing the completion of childhood immunization in Malawi should not only address individual needs, but should also consider contextual factors and the communities addressed in this study.
Exploring Public Health and Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Each Other’s Professional Roles
Authors: White Sam , Lambert Susan , Visker Joseph , Lasser Ben , Banez Christian , Puett Eli , Larson Karl , Cox Carol 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Public health education specialists and nurses often work interprofessionally in the public health setting. Using a mixed-methods design, this exploratory study evaluated the effect of an online interprofessional case study activity on nursing and public health education students’ perceptions of each other’s professional role. For the public health experimental group only, a statistically significant change (p < .05) was found in their perceptions of the professional roles of nurses including large changes in six specific domains. Recommendations for implementing interprofessional education programs include more emphasis on education about professional scopes of practice and roles/responsibilities of the health professions.
Challenges and Opportunities on Health Sciences Regional Campuses: A Multidiscipline, Multicampus Survey
Authors: Page Robin L. , Pepper Catherine , VanBuren Vincent 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

AIM
We explored faculty and staff perceptions of the challenges and opportunities of working on regional campuses of a large academic health science center.

BACKGROUND
The growth of multicampus academic institutions presents numerous issues for intercampus planning and for organizational/professional relationships. We were interested in learning how regional campus faculty and staff experienced these issues, with the practical goal of making recommendations to both central and regional campus administrations.

METHOD
A cross-sectional, online survey was distributed to faculty and staff who worked at regional campuses of a large health sciences university.

RESULTS
Regional faculty and staff felt more valued by local colleagues and administrators than by their central campus counterparts. Top challenges were central administration’s lack of communication and understanding of regionals’ unique circumstances and needs.

CONCLUSION
Regional campuses’ workplace experience is significantly different from that of central campus. More timely communication and active solicitation of regional campus input are needed.
Veterans as Students in Higher Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dyar Kelly 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to determine what is known about military veterans as students in higher education and inform nurse educators.

BACKGROUND
Military veterans are increasingly enrolling in higher education and in nursing programs and may provide a recruitment source for nursing education.

METHOD
A scoping review of literature published after 2011 was performed to determine characteristics of military veterans as students. Twelve sources were identified.

RESULTS
Military veterans have multiple strengths yet may also experience barriers to success. As a result, veterans may struggle to transition from the rigid military environment to the more relaxed college setting.

CONCLUSION
Military veterans may provide a recruitment source for the nursing workforce. Gaining knowledge of the strengths and barriers faced by these students may help nurse educators plan strategies for achieving academic success.
Debriefing for Professional Practice Placements in Nursing: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Fisher Margaret Ellen M. , Oudshoorn Abe 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the study was to provide an in-depth analysis on the concept of debriefing for professional practice placements within baccalaureate nursing education.

BACKGROUND
When conducted properly, debriefing leads to positive outcomes on undergraduate nursing students’ learning. However, if debriefing is conducted poorly, it can inhibit students’ learning. Clarification of debriefing as a concept in professional practice placements is integral to its development and successful use within undergraduate nursing education.

METHOD
The Walker and Avant concept analysis model was used in this study.

RESULTS
The analysis identified four defining attributes (description, emotion, analytical reflection, application), three antecedents (an experience, a supportive and respectful environment, and a competent and knowledgeable debrief facilitator), and three consequences (increased knowledge, increased confidence in knowledge, and increased clinical judgment/clinical decision making).

CONCLUSION
Knowledge of the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences of debriefing, and empiric referents assists educators in developing successful debriefing frameworks and instrument evaluation criteria for use in professional practice placements.
Extracorporeal Arteriovenous Ultrasound Measurement of Cardiac Output in Small Children
Authors: Sigurdsson Theodor S. , Aronsson Anders , Lindberg Lars 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic
To date, there are not clinically practical, accurate, and precise noninvasive methods for measuring cardiac output in small children

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
This study describes a noninvasive method by which ultrasound can be used in small children to determine cardiac output with good precision
After surgery in 43 small children for repair of atrial or ventricular septal defects, cardiac output measurements performed using saline bolus injections and ultrasound detection of the expected blood dilution showed similar precision for measuring cardiac output as a cardiac outputs measured using periaortic flow probe

Background
Technology for cardiac output (CO) and blood volume measurements has been developed based on blood dilution with a small bolus of physiologic body temperature saline, which, after transcardiopulmonary mixing, is detected with ultrasound sensors attached to an extracorporeal arteriovenous loop using existing central venous and peripheral arterial catheters. This study aims to compare the precision and agreement of this technology to measure cardiac output with a reference method, a perivascular flow probe placed around the aorta, in young children. The null hypothesis is that the methods are equivalent in precision, and there is no bias in the cardiac output measurements.

Methods
Forty-three children scheduled for cardiac surgery were included in this prospective single-center comparison study. After corrective cardiac surgery, five consecutive repeated cardiac output measurements were performed simultaneously by both methods.

Results
A total of 215 cardiac output measurements were compared in 43 children. The mean age of the children was 354 days (range, 30 to 1,303 days), and the mean weight was 7.1 kg (range, 2.7 to 13.6 kg). The precision assessed as two times the coefficient of error was 3.6% for the ultrasound method and 5.0% for the flow probe. Bias (mean COultrasound 1.28 l/min − mean COflow probe 1.20 l/min) was 0.08 l/min, limits of agreement was ±0.32 l/min, and the percentage error was 26.6%.

Conclusions
The technology to measure cardiac output with ultrasound detection of blood dilution after a bolus injection of saline yields comparable precision as cardiac output measurements by a periaortic flow probe. The difference in accuracy in the measured cardiac output between the methods can be explained by the coronary blood flow, which is excluded in the cardiac output measurements by the periaortic flow probe.