bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of Overland and Tile Flow to Runoff and Nutrient Losses from Vertisols in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Kokulan Vivekananthan , Macrae M. L. , Lobb D. A. , Ali G. A. 
Published: June 2019

This study quantified the contributions of overland and tile flow to total runoff (sum of overland and tile flow) and nutrient losses in a Vertisolic soil in the Red River valley (Manitoba, Canada), a region with a cold climate where tile drainage is rapidly expanding. Most annual runoff occurred as overland flow (72–89%), during spring snowmelt and large spring and summer storms. Tile drains did not flow in early spring due to frozen ground. Although tiles flowed in late spring and summer (33–100% of event flow), this represented a small volume of annual runoff (10–25%), which is in stark contrast with what has been observed in other tile‐drained landscapes. Median daily flow‐weighted mean concentrations of soluble reactive P (SRP) and total P (TP) were significantly greater in overland flow than in tile flow (p < 0.001), but the reverse pattern was observed for NO3–N (p < 0.001). Overland flow was the primary export pathway for both P and NO3–N, accounting for >95% of annual SRP and TP and 50 to 60% of annual NO3–N losses. Data suggest that tile drains do not exacerbate P export from Vertisols in the Red River valley because they are decoupled from the surface by soil‐ice during snowmelt, which is the primary time for P loss. However, NO3–N loading to downstream water bodies may be exacerbated by tiles, particularly during spring and summer storms after fertilizer application.Core Ideas
Overland flow was the primary pathway for runoff and nutrient loss at field edge.
Most runoff and nutrient loss occurred during spring snowmelt and rain events.
Tile drains are unlikely to exacerbate P losses from Vertisolic soils.
Tile drains may enhance N loading in this region.
Statins in Stroke
Authors: Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Masoura Constantina , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability in modern societies.
Statins are effective medications in decreasing cardiovascular events through lipid lowering and
pleiotropic effects.

Objective:
To summarize current evidence regarding the role of statins in the prevention and management
of stroke.

Methods:
A narrative review of current evidence regarding the effect of statins in stroke management.
Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases were performed.

Results:
In primary prevention of stroke in patients with risk factors but no established cardiovascular
disease, potent statins such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have shown some benefits, but the
clinical relevance of this effect is questionable. In populations at higher risk of stroke, such as patients
with established coronary heart disease, the majority of relevant studies have shown a beneficial
effect of statins in preventing stroke. Similarly, in patients with a previous cerebrovascular
event, there is a clear benefit of statins for the prevention of recurrent events. The use of statins is
not associated with an increased risk of intracranial bleeding in primary prevention studies. There
may be an increased incidence of non-fatal hemorrhagic stroke with high dose statins in patients
with a previous cerebrovascular event. Patients who experience a stroke while on statins should not
discontinue statins. In addition, statins are associated with better survival and improved functional
outcome when administered during the acute phase of stroke in statin-naive patients. In contrast,
statins do not confer any benefit in patients with acute ischemic stroke who receive thrombolysis.

Conclusion:
Treatment with statins prevents ischemic stroke, especially in patients with high cardiovascular
risk and established atherosclerotic disease. It seems that both lipid lowering and pleiotropic
effects contribute to these effects.
Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis with Bisphosphonates Alone, Vitamin D Alone or a Combination Treatment in Eastern Asians: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Junjie , Li Hongzhuo 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis and fractures have become a serious problem
for Eastern Asians. Bisphosphonates (BPs), vitamin D and a combination treatment are effective methods to
prevent and treat GC-induced osteoporosis.

Objective:
The study aimed to compare the efficacy of BPs, vitamin D and a combination treatment for preventing
and managing GC-induced osteoporosis in Eastern Asians.

Methods:
A comprehensive search in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL databases
was undertaken for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of BPs, vitamin D and the combination
treatment on GCs-induced osteoporosis in Eastern Asian populations. Primary outcome measures were the
change in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers. The final search was performed in March
2019.

Results:
Nine RCTs were included. A total of 545 patients met the inclusion criteria. Compared with vitamin D,
BPs and the combination treatment significantly alleviated osteoporosis of the spine and femoral neck in Eastern
Asians with GC-induced osteoporosis. At the same time, the change in serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
(BAP) and serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels was observed to be significantly less with BPs
and the combination treatment with vitamin D alone. No significant difference was found between BPs and the
combination treatment in the markers mentioned above.

Conclusion:
Compared with vitamin D alone, BPs alone and the combination treatment were significantly effective
on Eastern Asians with GC-induced osteoporosis. Compared with the combination treatment, BPs alone were
observed to be effective enough to increase the BMDs of the spine and femoral neck on both sides and thus prevent
GC-induced osteoporosis in Eastern Asians.
Nano-antimicrobials: A New Paradigm for Combating Mycobacterial Resistance
Authors: Minakshi Prasad , Ghosh Mayukh , Brar Basanti , Kumar Rajesh , Lambe Upendra P. , Ranjan Koushlesh , Manoj Jinu , Prasad Gaya 
Published: June 2019

Background:Mycobacterium group contains several pathogenic bacteria including M. tuberculosis where the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is alarming for human and animal health around the world. The condition has further aggravated due to the speed of discovery of the newer drugs has been outpaced by the rate of resistance developed in microorganisms, thus requiring alternative combat strategies. For this purpose, nano-antimicrobials have emerged as a potential option.Objective:The current review is focused on providing a detailed account of nanocarriers like liposome, micelles, dendrimers, solid lipid NPs, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nano-suspensions, nano-emulsion, mesoporous silica and alginate-based drug delivery systems along with the recent updates on developments regarding nanoparticle-based therapeutics, vaccines and diagnostic methods developed or under pipeline with their potential benefits and limitations to combat mycobacterial diseases for their successful eradication from the world in future.Results:Distinct morphology and the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis and resistance development in this group of organisms urge improved and novel methods for the early and efficient diagnosis, treatment and vaccination to eradicate the disease. Recent developments in nanotechnology have the potential to meet both the aspects: nano-materials are proven components of several efficient targeted drug delivery systems and the typical physicochemical properties of several nano-formulations have shown to possess distinct bacteriocidal properties. Along with the therapeutic aspects, nano-vaccines and theranostic applications of nano-formulations have grown in popularity in recent times as an effective alternative means to combat different microbial superbugs.Conclusion:Nanomedicine holds a bright prospect to perform a key role in global tuberculosis elimination program.
Submandibular Lymphadenitis in an Immunocompetent Female: Microbiological Confirmation is Need of the Hour
Authors: Singhal Lipika , Kumari Pooja , Gupta Menal , Garg Kranti , Chander Jagdish 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have been drawing interest recently because of their rising incidence not Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections have been drawing interest
recently because of their rising incidence not only in immunocompromised but also in immunocompetent
individuals. These are underdiagnosed in India, due to the lack of awareness and
a low index of suspicion. In regions endemic for tuberculosis (TB) such as India, presumptive
anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) is often prescribed. Non-response of NTM to the treatment may
be wrongly ascribed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This emphasizes the need to correctly
identify them before initiating therapy.only in immunocompromised but also in immunocompetent individuals. These are underdiagnosed in India, due to lack of awareness and a low index of suspicion. In regions endemic for tuberculosis (TB) such as India, presumptive anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) is often prescribed. Non-response of NTM to the treatment may be wrongly ascribed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. This emphasizes the need to correctly identify them before initiating therapy. We describe the case of a young, healthy female patient who developed cervical lymphadenitis and was given presumptive ATT. Microbiological examination of aspirate revealed M. fortuitum. This not only rectified the course of treatment resulting in complete cure, but also spared the patient from significant side effects of ATT. This case is an awakening call for clinicians to avoid presumptive ATT.

Case Study:
We describe the case of a young, healthy female patient who developed cervical
lymphadenitis and was given presumptive ATT. Microbiological examination of aspirate revealed
M. fortuitum. This not only rectified the course of treatment resulting in complete cure, but also
spared the patient from significant side effects of ATT. This case is an awakening call for clinicians
to avoid presumptive ATT.
Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis A. , Sioutas Georgios , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Tsoulfas Georgios 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant
tumors in the world and comes third in cancer-induced mortality. The need for improved and more
specific diagnostic methods that can detect early-stage disease is immense, as it is amenable to curative
modalities, while advanced HCC is associated with low survival rates. microRNA (miRNA) expression
is deregulated in HCC and this can be implemented both diagnostically and therapeutically.

Objective:
To provide a concise review on the role of miRNA in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
of HCC.

Method:
We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed bibliographic database.

Results:
Multiple miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. Measurement of the levels of
these miRNAs either in tumor tissue or in the blood constitutes a promising diagnostic, as well as
prognostic tool. OncomiRs are miRNAs that promote tumorigenesis, thus inhibiting them by administering
antagomiRs is a promising treatment option. Moreover, replacement of the depleted miRNAs
is another potential therapeutic approach for HCC. Modification of miRNA levels may also regulate
sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion:
miRNA play a pivotal role in HCC pathogenesis and once the underlying mechanisms
are elucidated, they will become part of everyday clinical practice against HCC.
Habitat dan Interaksi Spatio-Temporal Merak Hijau dengan Sapi dan Herbivora Besar di Taman Nasional Baluran
Authors: Pudyatmoko Satyawan 
Published: June 2019

Merak hijau (Pavo muticus muticus) adalah species yang terancam punah dengan populasi yang terus menurun. Burung ini adalah jenis yang dilindungi di Indonesia, dan hidup di beberapa sisa-sisa habitat yang kebanyakan sempit dan dengan tingkat perburuan tinggi. Hal ini menyebabkan risiko kepunahan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Nasional Baluran untuk menyelidiki pengaruh variabel habitat terhadap kemungkinan okupansi merak hijau serta interaksi spasial dan temporal antara merak hijau dengan sapi dan herbivora besar. Kehadiran merak hijau direkam dengan kamera trap dan variabel-variabel habitat diukur di tempat kamera trap dipasang. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kemungkinan okupansi merak hijau paling baik dijelaskan oleh model yang tidak melibatkan peran variabel habitat. Selain itu, ditemukan pula bahwa pola interaksi merak hijau dengan sapi mirip dengan pola interaksi merak hijau dengan sebagian besar herbivora besar. Tidak ada dampak negatif sapi terhadap kehadiran dan aktivitas harian merak hijau. Burung ini memiliki daya adaptasi yang cukup tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Penurunan populasi di Jawa mungkin lebih disebabkan karena tekanan perburuan yang tinggi daripada perubahan habitat. Habitat and Spatio-Temporal Interaction Between Green Peafowl with Cattle and Megaherbivores in Baluran National Park Abstract Green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus) is an endangered species, whose population is continuously declining. It is protected animal in Indonesia that occurs in remnant, and sometime small habitat with high hunting pressure, that made the animal prone to extinction. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of habitat on the occupancy probability of green fowl as well as the interaction between green peafowl and free-range cattle and wild mammal in Baluran National Park. The presence of animals in the study was recorded by camera traps, and the habitat variables were measured in the locations, where the camera traps were installed. The research found that the occupancy of green peafowl best explained by the model that not include any habitat variables. The pattern of interaction between green peafowl and domesticated cattle was similar to those of between green peafowl and the majority of wild mammal. There was no evidence of negative impact of domesticated cattle on the spatial occurrence as well as temporal activity of green peafowl. Green peafowl is a bird species with high adaptability to various environmental conditions. The population decrease of this animal in Java might be mainly due to high hunting pressure than habitat change.
Opsi Skema Pendanaan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim di Sektor Kehutanan
Authors: Nurfatriani Fitri , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho , Salminah Mimi 
Published: June 2019

Upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim di sektor kehutanan memerlukan dukungan pendanaan yang kuat. Salah satu skema pendanaan perubahan iklim yang ditetapkan dalam PP 46 tahun 2017 adalah skema imbal jasa lingkungan. Meskipun demikian, skema tersebut di tingkat tapak belum banyak dikembangkan. Tulisan ini menganalisis opsi-opsi kombinasi skema pendanaan jasa lingkungan dengan optimalisasi pemanfaatan kawasan hutan dalam rangka mendukung upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim di sektor kehutanan. Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur Provinsi Jambi dipilih sebagai lokasi penelitian karena merupakan salah satu provinsi yang aktif dalam upaya penurunan emisi dari sektor kehutanan. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa pola pendanaan jasa lingkungan yang dapat diterapkan di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur dikelompokkan menjadi Payment of Environmental Services (PES), Liablity Rule (LR), dan Purchasing Development Right (PDR). Pola pendanaan PES efektif untuk mendukung upaya pengelolaan hutan sebagai penyimpan karbon, LR untuk kegiatan penyerapan karbon, sedangkan PDR potensial untuk mendukung kegiatan pengurangan emisi karbon. Funding Scheme Options for Climate Change Mitigation in Forestry SectorAbstractClimate change mitigation actions significantly require strong financial support. One of the climate change financing schemes stated on the government regulation no 46/2017 is transaction of environmental services. The implementation schemes in the site level however have not been clearly explored yet. This paper explores funding scheme options for various forest management purposes in order to support climate change mitigation actions in forestry sector. Tanjung Jabung Timur District that is actively reducing emission from forest is chosen as the research location. The research shows environmental service funding schemes that could be implemented in Tanjung Jabung Timur are including Payment of Environmental Services (PES), Liability Rule (LR), and Purchasing Development Right (PDR). PES is effective to encourage forest management purposed for carbon stock; LR is to support carbon sequestration activities, while PDR is potential to support forest management for reducing carbon emission.
Re-examining the Role of Youths in Independent Political Movements: The Case of Jogja Independent
Authors: Fimmastuti Desiana Rizka 
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the involvement of youths in independent political movements since Indonesia’s political reform. Political reform became important to be elaborated cause the opening of political space in both political parties and civil society, including for youths. However, this ideal has not been realised, as political parties have been limited by several pathologies and the lack of inclusivity. In the other hand, the establish of independent movements have created alternative spaces for political activity, including for youths. Applying a Bourdieuan perspective, this article examines the habitus and capital evident within such independent movements’ political interactions. This article examined the youths in the Jogja Independent Movement (Gerakan Jogja Independent, JOINT), one independent political movement that has been involved in mayoral elections in Yogyakarta City. The exclusivity of political parties has led the movement to gather public support by collecting identity cards and public donations. Although no longer extant, the movement can still be understood as an arena for interactions between openly recruited volunteers and initiators. This study finds that youths have been unable to become agents and voice their own interests. Elitism continues to pose an obstacle to youths’ political involvement, as positions of power remain dominated by a small group of elites. Youths, having become involved through open recruitment, have yet to become capable of cross-field movement as they lack the capital of their closed-recruitment peers. At the same time, the academic habitus of these volunteers is incongruent with the political field, leading many youths to leave the movement. Political space being dominated by a small group of elites further limits their available space. The decreasing number of volunteers indicates that JOINT was unable to ensure sustained membership, leading to its ultimate failure.
GÜZEL SANATLAR EĞİTİMİ BÖLÜMLERİNDE UYGULANAN GELENEKSEL YÜKSEK BASKI RESİM TEKNİKLERİNE ALTERNATİF OLABİLECEK TEKNİK ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: BAHAR Tezcan 
Published: June 2019

Bu araştırma Güzel
Sanatlar Eğitimi bölümlerine uygulanan geleneksel yüksek baskıresim
tekniklerine alternatif olabilecek tekniklerin ortaya konmasını amaçlayan bir
çalışmadır. Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi bölümleri baskıresim derslerindeki
teknikler, okulların sahip olduğu baskıresim atölyesi donanımı ve imkânları
doğrultusunda öğretilmektedir. Bu
araştırma atölye imkânlarının kısıtlı olduğu okullarda yapılabilecek alternatif
yüksek baskıresim teknikleri ve bu tekniklerde kullanılabilecek malzemelerle
ilgilidir. Geliştirilen ve uyarlanan alternatif yüksek baskıresim
teknikleri, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi
bölümlerindeki öğrencilere yöneliktir. Söz konusu bu öğrenciler, birer görsel sanatlar öğretmeni
adayıdır. Bu nedenle alternatif
tekniklerin muhatabının ilk, orta ve lisedeki öğrencilerin olduğunu da
söyleyebiliriz. Araştırmada yüksek baskıresim tekniği ile yapılan
denemeler sonucunda dakota, kapron ve köpük gibi malzemeler denenmiş ve bu
malzemelerden yüksek baskıresim tekniğinin gerektirdiği standartta olumlu
sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bu malzemeler
geleneksel yüksek baskıresim teknikleri ve malzemelerden bazı
farklılıklar göstermektedir. Araştırmada bu farklılıklar belirtilerek alternatif
malzeme ve teknikler ile geleneksel yüksek baskıresim tekniklerinin
farklılıkları ortaya konmuştur. Alternatif malzemelerin zaman, maliyet, sağlık
ve güvenlik açısından avantajlarının olduğu tespit edilmiş ve bu avantajları
araştırma içersinde belirtilmiştir.
Lexical Concept Adjustment in Mechanical Engineering Discourse
Authors: Čerņevska Jekaterina 
Published: June 2019

The lexical concept adjustment represents a significant aspect of the pragmatic meaning and has been approached from several perspectives in literature. As the semantics-pragmatics interface is a matter that attracts numerous debates among pragmaticians, the boundary between cases of polysemy and the semantic meaning adjustment in the context is also blurred. There has been no agreement whether a lexical concept adjustment can be regarded as a primary (necessary) or a secondary (optional) pragmatic process. The present article discusses cases of meaning disambiguation and lexical narrowing. The aim of the article is to demonstrate how a lexical concept adjustment contributes to the pragmatic meaning construction in the discourse under analysis. The present paper deals with the data obtained from the chapters on woodworking and metal processing borrowed from the Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. The findings indicate that there is no clear-cut boundary between the processes of the lexical meaning disambiguation and a lexical concept adjustment as they both elaborate on the linguistic (semantic) meaning of a word or an expression taking into consideration all aspects of the contextual information available. Further research can be conducted to approach the issue from the quantitative perspective.
All Writers Are Border Walkers: Emma Donoghue Between History and Fiction in Astray and The Woman Who Gave Birth to Rabbits
Authors: Danytė Milda 
Published: June 2019

Historical fiction has gained a degree of popularity among readers in the last two decades it has not enjoyed since the fashion for writing novels about national history was set by Sir Walter Scott in the early 19th century. Later in that same century, however, the value of historical fiction as such was challenged by historians who were eager to make history a science; they claimed that academic historical writing provided an objective view of the past based on archival research and was therefore fundamentally superior to historical novels. A devaluation of historical fiction took place which is still felt today. In the context of this opposition of history and fiction, Emma Donoghue’s recent historical fiction offers a fresh approach to the genre. The aim of this article, after reviewing the issue of its relationship to history, is to analyze Donoghue’s innovative combination of fiction and the archive in two collections of short historical fiction, The Woman Who Gave Birth to Rabbits (2002) and Astray (2012). Donoghue’s own reflections on her work are applied in this analysis, as well as the theoretical approach to this kind of fiction by Lubomir Doležel.