bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big to Small: Ultrafine Mo2C Particles Derived from Giant Polyoxomolybdate Clusters for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Yuan Ziwen , Li Sai , Li Hao , Chen Junsheng , Wang Yanqing , Huang Qianwei , Wang Cheng , Karahan Huseyin Enis , Henkelman Graeme , Liao Xiaozhou , Wei Li , Chen Yuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to its electronic structure, similar to platinum, molybdenum carbides (Mo2C) hold great promise as a cost‐effective catalyst platform. However, the realization of high‐performance Mo2C catalysts is still limited because controlling their particle size and catalytic activity is challenging with current synthesis methods. Here, the synthesis of ultrafine β‐Mo2C nanoparticles with narrow size distribution (2.5 ± 0.7 nm) and high mass loading (up to 27.5 wt%) on graphene substrate using a giant Mo‐based polyoxomolybdate cluster, Mo132 ((NH4)42[Mo132O372(CH3COO)30(H2O)72]·10CH3COONH4·300H2O) is demonstrated. Moreover, a nitrogen‐containing polymeric binder (polyethyleneimine) is used to create MoN bonds between Mo2C nanoparticles and nitrogen‐doped graphene layers, which significantly enhance the catalytic activity of Mo2C for the hydrogen evolution reaction, as is revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The optimal Mo2C catalyst shows a large exchange current density of 1.19 mA cm−2, a high turnover frequency of 0.70 s−1 as well as excellent durability. The demonstrated new strategy opens up the possibility of developing practical platinum substitutes based on Mo2C for various catalytic applications.
Lignin‐Derived Holey, Layered, and Thermally Conductive 3D Scaffold for Lithium Dendrite Suppression
Authors: Cao Daxian , Zhang Qing , Hafez Ahmed M. , Jiao Yucong , Ma Yi , Li Hongyan , Cheng Zheng , Niu Chunming , Zhu Hongli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes are considered as the holy grail of rechargeable Li batteries. However, the practical utilization of Li metal is challenging because of the dendrite formation issue and drastic volume expansion. Herein, for the first time, through the incorporation of thermally conductive material boron nitride (BN), the Li metal anode is stabilized by improving heat dissipation and charge transfer in a holey and layered structure. Ligninsulfonate, due to its amphiphilicity, is used to in situ exfoliate bulky BN into nanosheets. Through the freeze‐casting method, a layered and holey structure is formed, where the as‐exfoliated BN nanosheets can well manage thermal distribution and lead to a uniform deposition of Li. Due to the enhanced thermal dissipation and charge transference, this novel Li anode exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency and a long cycle life at a high current density of 4 mA  cm−2. And the formation of Li dendrite is successfully suppressed during plating/stripping. In a full cell where LiFePO4 composite was used as the cathode, a high capacity of 90 mAh g−1 was achieved at 10 C with a high capacity retention of 92% after 1800 cycles.
Horizontal bracing to enhance progressive collapse resistance of steel moment frames
Authors: Naji Arash , Ommetalab Mohamad Reza 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the effect of horizontal bracing on enhancing the resistance of steel moment frames against progressive collapse is investigated. Previously designed 6 bay by 3 bay 18‐story steel frame prototype building with 6 m bay span (namely, unbraced frame), which was susceptible to progressive collapse, is retrofitted by four types of horizontal bracing systems on the perimeter of the topmost story and analyzed using 3D nonlinear dynamic method. Six different cross‐sections for each bracing system type are considered, and the capacity curves for each model are obtained. Three column removal circumstances, namely, Edge Short Column, First Edge Long Column, and Edge Long Column are considered in this paper. The results imply that horizontal bracing would increase the resistance of moment frames against progressive collapse. However, one of the bracing types in which axial compressive force is created in braces is not appropriate for retrofitting.
Exploring the utility of three plastid loci for biocoding the filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) of Moorea
Authors: Nitta Joel H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Moorea Biocode seeks to compile an integrative taxonomy based on morphological, ecological, and molecular data for the entire macrobiota of the island of Moorea, French Polynesia. As a case study exploring the utility of selected molecular data for species identification within this integrative taxonomic framework, chloroplast DNA from three regions (rbcL, trnSGG, trnH‐psbA) were sequenced for all species of filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) known from Moorea. The relative utility of each of these regions for the purposes of phylogenetic analysis and DNA‐based identification was inferred by estimating support for phylogenetic trees reconstructed from each region and by calculating intraspecific and interspecific distance values (uncorrectedp) between taxa for each region. All three of these regions were found to be potentially useful for phylogenetic studies at the appropriate taxonomic level.trnH‐psbAwas determined to have the greatest utility as a potential marker for DNA‐based identification because of its high interspecific variability and high degree of amplification success.rbcLandtrnH‐psbAwere successfully used in combination with morphological characters to identify a previously unidentified Moorean filmy fern species,Polyphlebium borbonicum. The presented results supporttrnH‐psbAas appropriate for completing the plant section of the Moorea Biocode, although the use of additional markers will be necessary.
Molecular phylogenetics and morphological evolution of Thunbergioideae (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Borg Agneta Julia , McDade Lucinda A. , Schönenberger Jürg. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBased on nucleotide sequences from three chloroplast DNA regions (rps16, rpl16 , trnT‐trnL), we infer detailed phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily Thunbergioideae (Acanthaceae) and among major lineages of the family as a whole. Taxa were sampled to cover the geographic distribution of Thunbergioideae and to include all subgenera of the largest genus Thunbergia. All other major lineages of Acanthaceae were sampled to test monophyly and intrafamilial position of Thunbergioideae. Both parsimony and Bayesian analyses support Thunbergioideae as monophyletic. The mangrove genus Avicennia is consistently placed as sister to Thunbergioideae although with only moderate support. Thunbergia and Mendoncia are both monophyletic in all analyses, and Mendoncia is placed as sister to Thunbergia plus Pseudocalyx. Relationships within the two largest genera Mendoncia and Thunbergia are highly resolved and most branches are strongly supported. Our results suggest that the existing morphology‐based classification of Thunbergia partially holds, but needs revision. Based on the phylogenetic relationships we found it likely that a twining habit is ancestral for the genus Thunbergia. The thecal awns, characteristic for many species in the genus, have probably evolved from unicellular bristles. Longitudinal dehiscence over the whole length of the thecae, which is present in many Thunbergia species, most likely evolved from short slits or pores as present in Pseudocalyx and Mendoncia.
Phylogenetic analyses of Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) based on combined analyses of nrDNA ITS, psbA-trnH, rpoB-trnC and matK sequences
Authors: Alzate Fernando , Mort Mark E. , Ramirez Monica 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBomarea with 100–110 species represents the most diverse genus of Alstroemeriaceae. The genus is distributed from Chile to Mexico and comprises twining, prostrate or erect herbs with tuberous storage roots and pendant, showy flowers. Phylogenetic relationships and patterns of evolution within Bomarea have not yet been explored. Thus, neither the currently accepted classification nor patterns of morphological evolution have been evaluated. To resolve relationships within Bomarea, we sequenced three cpDNA regions (psbA-trnH, rpoB-trnC, matK) and the nrDNA ITS spacer regions (ITS 1 and ITS 2). MP and ML analyses of the combined data recover three major lineages in the genus and the composition of these clades is inconsistent with previous classifications based on morphology and biogeography. Patterns of evolution for three morphological characters were investigated by mapping them onto the phylogeny. The analyses indicate that the ancestor of Bomarea had compound umbels, a twining habit, and foliar indument. The phylogenetic analyses were unable to obtain high support, which suggests a relatively recent and rapid radiation of this genus.
A biosystematic study of the Jacobaea maritima group (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) in the Central Mediterranean area
Authors: Passalacqua Nicodemo G. , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Pellegrino Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe biosystematics of Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden and four closely related taxa in the Central Mediterranean area has been studied. Nine representative populations of five taxa (J. maritima subsp. maritima, subsp. bicolor, subsp. gibbosa, J. ambigua subsp. ambigua and subsp. nebrodensis) were analysed. Molecular analysis confirms close relationships among taxa (trnLEU and ITS II sequences are identical); ITS I and ISSR analysis, on the other hand, shows some variability. Multivariate PCoA, based on 22 morphological variables, shows a gradient connecting all populations; a rather clear grouping of taxa is obtained, however, when the population from Levanzo is excluded. Finally, a new subspecies, J. maritima subsp. sicula, is proposed.
Arabidopsis thaliana's wild relatives: an updated overview on systematics, taxonomy and evolution
Authors: Koch Marcus A. , Wernisch Michaela , Schmickl Roswitha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the introduction of Arabidopsis thaliana, the Thale Cress, to a broader scientific community in 1965, nearly 40 years passed until the phylogenetic position of this species was resolved and its closest relatives were characterized. More and more molecular data is available for Arabidopsis thaliana and it has become the most important model system among dicotyledonous plants. However, Arabidopsis thaliana provides only a limited set of traits and characters. We are now in the position that scientists move into the more diverse relatives of Arabidopsis, transferring knowledge from the model plant to these species. Hereby past taxonomy and phylogenetic concepts may lead to misunderstanding and confusion. Consequently there is much need to provide a comprehensive overview on current knowledge of systematics, evolution and diversity of Arabidopsis and its relatives, despite the several actual reviews focusing on various aspects of its taxonomy, ecology, and importance as model system considering also the closest wild relatives. Herein, we aim to critically discuss the most recent taxonomic and systematic conclusions in the light of a worldwide screening of genetic diversity within the genus Arabidopsis. We also define gaps of knowledge to focus and stimulate future research activities.
The identity of Ganoderma applanatum (Basidiomycota)
Authors: Niemelä Tuomo , Miettinen Otto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA proposal was recently made (Redhead & al. in Taxon 55. 2006) to conserve the name Boletus applanatus Pers., and a neotype was selected for it. However, two externally almost indistinguishable species occur in Europe: Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. as commonly understood, and G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk. In this paper we examine the selected neotype of Boletus applanatus and determine that it conforms to the current European concept of G. applanatum rather than to the superficially similar G. adspersum.
Taxonomy and typification of Nymphaea ampla (Salisb.) DC. sensu lato (Nymphaeaceae)
Authors: Wiersema John H. , Novelo Alejandro R. , Bonilla-Barbosa Jaime R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent work on Nymphaea ampla (Salisb.) DC. s.l. in tropical America suggests that two species should be distinguished within this broadly circumscribed taxon, which formerly has mostly been treated to include all of the native tropical diurnally flowering water‐lilies of Central and South America and the Antilles. The two species are distinguished by their leaf margins, venation pattern, and coloration; by the number of flower parts; and by seed morphology. To determine proper nomenclature for the two recognized species, the typification of all relevant names is investigated. The typification of several names is reported, including the two names proposed for acceptance: N. ampla for a species of Mexico, Mesoamerica, and the Greater Antilles and N. pulchella DC. for a species from southern and central Mexico, southern Mesoamerica, South America, and the Greater and Lesser Antilles.
Reinstatement of the name Leptolobium Vogel (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Sophoreae)
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo Schütz , Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi Ana Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMorphological studies of Acosmium Schott indicate that the majority of species currently included in the genus should be transferred to Leptolobium Vogel. This paper presents a nomenclatural treatment reflecting reinstatement of the name Leptolobium. Five new combinations are made, five new synonyms are recognized, lectotypes of five species names are designated, and two names, hitherto assigned to Acosmium, are excluded from both that genus and Leptolobium.
Speciation and biogeographical history of the Campanula lusitanica complex (Campanulaceae) in the Western Mediterranean region
Authors: Cano-Maqueda Jara , Talavera Salvador , Arista Montserrat , Catalán Pilar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA phylogenetic survey based on ITS and trnT‐L sequences was conducted in the Campanula lusitanica complex, a group of annual species of Campanula sect. Rapunculus (Campanulaceae) distributed in the western Mediterranean region. Both nuclear and plastid data unambiguously demonstrated the existence of two non‐related lineages within this complex (C. lusitanica and C. dieckii). The C. lusitanica lineage is monophyletic and comprises five species (C. broussonetiana, C. cabezudoi, C. lusitanica s.str., C. specularioides, C. transtagana) that have all been referred to C. lusitanica s.l. by various authors; the C. dieckii lineage includes only one extant species, C. dieckii. Furthermore, our data strongly indicate that the affinities of C. dieckii are outside of the Campanula sect. Rapunculus core group. Divergence times indicate that the C. lusitanica lineage most likely originated in the Betic‐Rifian area in the late Miocene (Tortonian, approx. 9.4 My). In the C. lusitanica lineage a vicariant speciation pattern is observed in the recently evolved C. transtagana/C. broussonetiana clade (ca. 5.1 My) probably as a result of continental isolation caused by the opening of the Gibraltar Strait (ca. 5.3 My). Our evolutionary study strongly supports the taxonomic recognition of these otherwise neglected microspecies.
DNA barcoding in land plants: developing standards to quantify and maximize success
Authors: Erickson David L. , Spouge John , Resch Alissa , Weigt Lee A. , Kress John W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe selection of a DNA barcode in plants has been impeded in part due to the relatively low rates of nucleotide substitution observed at the most accessible plastid markers. However, the absence of consensus also reflects a lack of standards for comparing potential barcode markers. While many publications have suggested a host of plant DNA barcodes, the studies cannot be readily compared with each other through any quantitative or statistical parameter, partly because they put forward no single compelling rationale relevant to the adoption of a DNA barcode in plants. Here, we argue that the efficacy of any particular plant DNA barcode selection should reflect the anticipated performance of the resulting barcode database in assignment of a query sequence to species. While legitimate scientific disagreement exists over the criteria relevant to “database performance”, the notion gives a unifying rationale for prioritizing selection criteria. Accordingly, we suggest a measure of barcode efficacy based on the rationale of database performance, “the probability of correct identification” (PCI). Moreover, the definition of PCI is left flexible enough to handle most of the scientific disagreement over how to best evaluate DNA barcodes. Finally, we consider how different types of barcodes might require different methods of analysis and database design and indicate how the analysis might affect the selection of the most broadly effective barcode for land plants.
Type specimens collected by Juan Isern during the Pacific Scientific Commission to South America (1862–1866)
Authors: Macía Manuel J. , de Caleya Paloma Blanco Fernández 
Published: February 2019

AbstractJuan Isern collected ca. 25,000 plant specimens during the Pacific Scientific Commission to South America between 1862 and 1866, but unfortunately he died the same year the expedition returned to Spain. In Chile, Isern exchanged specimens with Philippi, who later described three new species based on those collections which are all deposited at SGO. In the early 1930s, José Cuatrecasas worked intensively with the Isern collections at MA, where most of Isern's South American specimens are deposited. Cuatrecasas, Trelease, Sleumer, Standley and Yuncker described several new species and other taxa using Isern collections as type material. A total of 47 species, 21 varieties and 7 forms were described in 9 families, principally in the Asteraceae, Piperaceae and Gesneriaceae based on Isern collections. Here, the nomenclature of all Isern type specimens is studied for these 75 names. Lectotype specimens for the names of four species, three varieties and five forms described by Cuatrecasas and one species described by Trelease are designated in the present paper.
A stuttering start to plant DNA barcoding: microsatellites present a previously overlooked problem in non‐coding plastid regions
Authors: Devey Dion S. , Chase Mark W. , Clarkson James J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlastid microsatellites are simple mono/dinucleotide repeats that can cause in‐vitro taq polymerase errors leading to 'stutter' peaks that reduce the clarity and reliability of electropherograms. As an efficient and automated barcoding protocol requires high‐quality raw data, this paper investigates the suitability of the psbA‐trnH and atpF‐H regions of the plastid genome for automated barcoding purposes. Amplification of 92 individuals from species pairs and triplets was undertaken. Of these, 59% of atpF‐H species samples and 36% of psbA‐trnH species samples showed evidence of microsatellite‐induced errors in electropherogram base calling. The downstream necessity of human intervention renders these non‐coding regions sub‐optimal for barcoding purposes.
Molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence for the congeneric status of Goniothalamus and Richella (Annonaceae)
Authors: Nakkuntod Maliwan , Su Yvonne C.F. , Seelanan Tosak , Saunders Richard M.K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMaximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of selected Goniothalamus and Richella species (Annonaceae) are presented, based on sequences of three chloroplast markers (matK, psbA‐trnH intergenic spacer, and trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer). The two genera are shown to be congeneric, and the nomenclatural consequences of this are discussed. Morphological synapomorphies for individual clades are evaluated, although a detailed interpretation of morphological evolution will require more extensive species sampling.
Coffea anthonyi, a new self‐compatible Central African coffee species, closely related to an ancestor of Coffea arabica
Authors: Stoffelen Piet , Noirot Michel , Couturon Emmanuel , Bontems Sylvain , De Block Petra , Anthony François 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCoffea anthonyi Stoff. & F. Anthony from Cameroon and the Republic of Congo is formally described. Morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics, isozyme diversity and phylogenetic relationships are discussed. The new diploid species has strong relationships with the East African C. eugenioides and the allotetraploid cultivated C. arabica. As such, it could be related to a progenitor species of C. arabica. The new species is self‐compatible, being a rare character within the genus Coffea. This new small‐leaved Central African species is of particular interest from a phylogenetic as well as from a breeding point of view.
Phylogeny of Abies (Pinaceae) inferred from nrITS sequence data
Authors: Xiang Qiao-Ping , Xiang Qiu-Yun , Guo Yan-Yan , Zhang Xian-Chun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAbies comprises ∼48 species with a disjunct distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Despite the economic and ecological importance of the genus, phylogenetic relationships among the species remain unclear. The complete nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced for 31 species of Abies and its outgroup Keteleeria to reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus. The results revealed three small subrepeats with a motif (5′‐GGCCACCCTAGTC‐3′), that is conserved across Pinaceae, and the 298 bp large subrepeats, specific to Abies occurring in all firs. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS recovered nine of the ten formerly recognized sections (sects. Abies, Amabilis, Balsamea, Bracteata, Grandis, Momi, Nobilis, Piceaster, Pseudopicea). The results suggest merging sect. Oiamel and Grandis. The monophyly of western North American species is suggested with robust support by ML and MP analysis. A close relationship between European and Asian species is also inferred, but with weak support.
Typification of some species names in Zamia L. (Zamiaceae), with an assessment of the status of Chigua D. Stev.
Authors: Lindstrom Anders J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZamia amplifolia Hort. W. Bull ex Mast., Z. roezlii Linden, and Z. wallisii A. Braun have been unnecessarily neotypified because original material exists at K or STO. Zamia oligodonta E. Calderón & D.W. Stev. is synonymized with Z. montana A. Braun. Zamia lindenii Regel ex André is considered specifically distinct from Z. poeppigiana Mart. & Eichler. The genus Chigua is synonymized with Zamia and the new combination Z. restrepoi (D.W. Stev.) A. Lindst. proposed, and C. bernalli D.W. Stev. is synonymized with Z. restrepoi.
Typification of Juncus mutabilis Lam.
Authors: Kirschner Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe protologue of the name Juncus mutabilis Lam. 1789 is analysed. Among twelve elements analysed (six specimens, six figures), ten represent original material from which a lectotype might be chosen. This material belongs to at least three taxa, Juncus capitatus, J. pygmaeus and J. bulbosus. A specimen deposited in P‐LAM belonging to Juncus capitatus is selected as the lectotype, thus avoiding any changes of name.
Oncorachis and Sclerochlamys, two new segregated genera from Streptostachys (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae): a revision based on molecular, morphological and anatomical characters
Authors: Sede Silvana M. , Morrone Osvaldo , Aliscioni Sandra S. , Giussani Liliana M. , Zuloaga Fernando O. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTGeneric boundaries of the South American genus Streptostachys (five species) are explored and compared with allied genera of the tribe Paniceae. On the basis of morphological, anatomical and molecular characters two new genera are proposed, Oncorachis based on Streptostachys macrantha and S. ramosa, and Sclerochlamys for Streptostachys rigidifolia. The phylogenetic position of the new genera and Streptostachys within Paniceae is evaluated.