bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of systemic high‐dose methotrexate and combined approaches in the management of vitreoretinal lymphoma: A single center experience 1990‐2018
Authors: Castellino Alessia , Pulido Jose S. , Johnston Patrick B. , Ristow Kay M. , Nora Bennani N. , Inwards David J. , Macon William R. , Micallef Ivana N. M. , King Rebecca L. , Salomao Diva R. , Witzig Thomas E. , Habermann Thomas M. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) management remains a challenge. We present 72 patients with VRL, diagnosed at Mayo Clinic between 1990‐2018. Three nondiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) histology cases were excluded. Among 69 DLBCL, 33 patients had primary VRL (PVRL), 18 concurrent intraocular and central nervous system (CNS) or systemic disease and 18 secondary VRL. Patients received intraocular chemotherapy (intraocular injections of rituximab or metothrexate or steroids or in combination), radiotherapy, systemic or combined systemic plus intraocular treatment in 9, 10, 35, and 15 cases, respectively. Among primary and concurrent VRL, median failure free survival (FFS), CNS relapse‐free survival (CNS‐RFS) and overall survival (OS) were: 1.8, 4.9, and 4.1 years, respectively; among PVRL, median FFS, CNS‐RFS, and OS were: 2.6 year, Not Reached and 9.3 year, respectively. No CNS relapse occurred beyond 4 years in PVRL. Median OS for patients diagnosed between 1990 and 1999 vs between 2000 and 2018 was 1.5 vs 9.4 years, respectively (P = .0002). OS was significantly higher in PVRL, as compared with concurrent VRL (P = .04). Previous immunosuppression and poor performance status were predictive of worse outcome. In PVRL, a combined systemic and intraocular therapy showed higher FFS (P = .002) and CNS‐RFS (P = .003), but no differences in OS. Among 18 secondary VRL, at a median follow‐up of 1.1 year after vitreoretinal relapse, median FFS and OS were 0.3 and 1.3 years. An improvement in survival of VRL has been observed over the decades. PVRL should undergo combined systemic and intraocular chemotherapy to prevent CNS progression.
Construction of Pillar[5]arene Tetramer‐Based Cross‐Linked Supramolecular Polymers through Hierarchical Charge‐Transfer and Host‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Ali Wajahat , Ning Guiling , Hassan Mehdi , Gong Weitao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA pillar[5]arene tetramer was constructed by naphthalene diimide and naphthalene‐bridged pillar[5]arene dimers through X‐type charge transfer interactions. Furthermore, by adding a ditopic neutral guest, a cross‐linked supramolecular polymer was successfully fabricated. These cross‐linked polymers were confirmed by concentration‐dependent NMR spectroscopy, DOSY NMR, UV, SEM and viscosity measurements.
Impact of population‐specific dental development on age estimation using dental atlases
Authors: Adams Donovan M. , Ralston Claira E. , Sussman Rachel A. , Heim Kelly , Bethard Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe steady development and subsequent eruption of the dentition is particularly useful for the estimation of age in juveniles. There are few studies that examine and test methods on a population‐diverse sample. Our goal is to test the Ubelaker () and London Atlas (2010) dental charts on a sample representing several different population backgrounds to infer if refinement for population‐specific standards should be developed.Materials and methodsThe first and second authors examined panoramic radiographs of 335 individuals from the James K. Economides Orthodontic Collection blind to chronological age, sex, and ancestry and scored using both dental atlases.ResultsThe age of Native Americans and African Americans was generally overestimated, suggesting faster rates of development. European Americans and New Mexico Hispanics, while not always showing the highest success rates, generally were closer to the correct age than other ancestry groups. The overall success rate for Ubelaker () was 80.00% for both observers, while the London Atlas was significantly lower at approximately 21.79–23.28%. Accuracy rates did not differ significantly between ancestry groups, though patterns were evident regarding under‐ or over‐estimation of age.DiscussionThe present study demonstrates that incorrect age estimations were typically still within 1.5 years of the actual age. Ubelaker () had higher rates of success due to broader age ranges. The results suggest that though accuracy rates did not significantly differ, different developmental rates may affect age estimates and population‐specific standards should be considered for known‐ancestry individuals, while aging standards constructed from a diverse sample should be utilized for unknown‐ancestry cases.
The impact of social experiences of physical and structural violence on the growth of African enslaved children recovered from Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries)
Authors: Cardoso HFV , Spake L , Wasterlain SN , Ferreira MT 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to examine the impacts of physical and structural violence on the well‐being of early modern enslaved Africans by comparing the growth of children in an archaeological sample recovered from Lagos, Portugal with that of modern children known to have lived under socially oppressive and racist political regimes.Materials and methodsThe age of 18 individuals was estimated from the length of developing teeth. Long bone lengths for age in the enslaved African sample were compared with two black juvenile known age samples: the Raymond Dart (South Africa) and Hamann‐Todd (United States) collections. Z‐scores were calculated for all samples using black children in the South Africa Long Bone (SALB) database as the reference. The similarity of growth across the samples was tested and skeletal growth profiles (SGPs) were devised for the three samples.ResultsThe children in the Lagos, Raymond Dart, and Hamann‐Todd samples were all small for age compared to the SALB reference. While children in the Dart sample tended to be the smallest for age and in the Hamann‐Todd the largest, with the children in the Lagos sample falling between them, the three samples did not show significant differences in growth status.DiscussionThe growth deficits shown in this study demonstrate the severe impacts of physical and structural violence on the lives of these children. Although uncertainty remains regarding the timing of growth insults relative to arrival, slavery in Portugal as materialized in these individuals was as violent as in other countries.
Chemoselective Borane‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Phenols
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Gao Liuzhou , Chen Hui , Liu Xueting , Cao Jia , Chen Shengda , Cheng Xu , Li Shuhua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed hydroarylation of a series of 1,3‐dienes with various phenols has been established through a combination of theoretical and experimental investigations, affording structurally diverse ortho‐allyl phenols. DFT calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a borane‐promoted protonation/Friedel–Crafts pathway involving a π‐complex of a carbocation–anion contact ion pair. This protocol features simple and mild reaction conditions, broad functional‐group tolerance, and low catalyst loading. The obtained ortho‐allyl phenols could be further converted into flavan derivatives using B(C6F5)3 with good cis diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, this transformation was applied in the late‐stage modification of pharmaceutical compounds.
Copper‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Isocyanoacetates with Phosphaalkynes to Prepare 1,3‐Azaphospholes
Authors: Liang Wenbin , Nakajima Kazunari , Sakata Ken , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed synthetic method is described for phosphorous‐ and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles such as 1,3‐azaphospholes. Cycloaddition reactions of various isocyanoacetates with phosphaalkynes in the presence of copper bromide, bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), and potassium carbonate afford the corresponding 1,3‐azaphospholes in high yields with complete selectivity. Some dppm‐bridged dicopper complexes were identified as active species for the formation of 1,3‐azaphospholes.
Photochemische Konjugation und Eintopfradiomarkierung von Antikörpern für Immun‐PET
Authors: Patra Malay , Eichenberger Larissa S. , Fischer Gregor , Holland Jason P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMonoklonale Antikörper (mAbs), Immunglobulinfragmente und andere Proteine sind wichtige Grundgerüste bei der Entwicklung von Radiopharmaka für die diagnostische Immun‐Positronenemissionstomographie (Immun‐PET) und die gezielte Radioimmuntherapie (RIT). Herkömmliche Verfahren zur Radiomarkierung von Proteinen mit Metallionen wie 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr und 90Y verlaufen meist mehrstufig: Zunächst müssen die Startmaterialien aufgereinigt, danach mit einem Chelat funktionalisiert und anschließend radiomarkiert werden. Standardkupplungsmethoden sind zeitaufwendig, schwer zu automatisieren und beinhalten die Synthese, Isolierung und Lagerung einer neuen, intermediären molekularen Einheit (konjugierter mAb), deren biochemische Eigenschaften sich von denen des Ausgangsproteins unterscheiden können. Um diese Probleme zu umgehen, haben wir einen photoradiochemischen Ansatz entwickelt, der eine schnelle, chemoselektive, lichtinduzierte Proteinmodifikation unter milden Bedingungen mit neuartigen Chelaten, die mit Arylazid(ArN3)‐Gruppen derivatisiert sind, verwendet. Experimente zeigen, dass die photochemische Eintopfkonjugation und Radiomarkierung von formulierten mAbs in <20 min erreicht werden kann.
Water and Sodium Chloride: Essential Ingredients for Robust and Fast Pd‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reactions between Organolithium Reagents and (Hetero)aryl Halides
Authors: Dilauro Giuseppe , Francesca Quivelli Andrea , Vitale Paola , Capriati Vito , Perna Filippo Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDirect palladium‐catalysed cross‐couplings between organolithium reagents and (hetero)aryl halides (Br, Cl) proceed fast, cleanly and selectively at room temperature in air, with water as the only reaction medium and in the presence of NaCl as a cheap additive. Under optimised reaction conditions, a water‐accelerated catalysis is responsible for furnishing C(sp3)–C(sp2), C(sp2)–C(sp2), and C(sp)–C(sp2) cross‐coupled products, in competition with protonolysis, within a reaction time of 20 s, in yields of up to 99 %, and in the absence of undesired dehalogenated/homocoupling side products even when challenging secondary organolithiums serve as the starting material. It is worth noting that the proposed protocol is scalable and the catalyst and water can easily and successfully be recycled up to 10 times, with an E‐factor as low as 7.35.
Photochemical Conjugation and One‐Pot Radiolabelling of Antibodies for Immuno‐PET
Authors: Patra Malay , Eichenberger Larissa S. , Fischer Gregor , Holland Jason P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunoglobulin fragments, and other proteins are important scaffolds in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic immuno‐positron emission tomography (immuno‐PET) and targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Conventional methods for radiolabelling proteins with metal ions such as 68Ga, 64Cu, 89Zr, and 90Y require multi‐step procedures involving pre‐purification, functionalisation with a chelate, and subsequent radiolabelling. Standard coupling chemistries are time‐consuming, difficult to automate, and involve synthesis, isolation, and storage of an intermediate, new molecular entity (the conjugated mAb) whose biochemical properties can differ from those of the parent protein. To circumvent these issues, we developed a photoradiochemical approach that uses fast, chemoselective, light‐induced protein modification under mild conditions with novel metal‐ion‐binding chelates derivatised with aryl azide (ArN3) groups. Experiments show that one‐pot photochemical conjugation and radiolabelling of formulated mAbs can be achieved in <20 min.
Methoden der Zeitreihenanalyse für die Bewertung von urbanen Gebäudesimulationen
Authors: Lauster Moritz , Müller Dirk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBei der Bewertung von energetischen Gebäudesimulationen, im Speziellen auf urbaner Ebene, können Methoden der Zeitreihenanalyse einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. Besonders hinsichtlich des Vergleichs von Messungen und Simulationen zur Modellvalidierung bieten solche Methoden eine gute Hilfestellung, um Abweichungen sowohl zu bewerten als auch ihren Ursprung zu finden.Dieser Beitrag bewertet auf Basis relativer und absoluter Kennzahlen in Kombination mit Prognose‐Realisations‐Diagrammen die thermische Gebäudesimulation einer Forschungsliegenschaft. Auch wenn die Kennzahlen eine gute Übereinstimmung von Simulation und Messung belegen, lässt sich mithilfe des Prognose‐Realisations‐Diagramms sowie eines Chi2‐Tests und eines Korrelogramms weiteres Optimierungspotenzial identifizieren. Dieses betrifft vornehmlich die dynamische Berücksichtigung von Wärmenetzen und die detaillierte Abbildung der Nutzerinteraktion, im Speziellen hinsichtlich nutzerinduzierter Lüftung.
Silk nano‐discs: A natural material for cancer therapy
Authors: Patwa Rahul , Soundararajan Narendren , Mulchandani Neha , Bhasney Siddharth M. , Shah Manisha , Kumar Sachin , Kumar Amit , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe article demonstrates the crystalline silk nano‐discs (CSNs), with well‐controlled morphology, which upon magnetization, yields magnetic crystalline silk nano‐discs, making both prominent alternatives for replacing metal templates such as gold, silver, and so on in therapeutics and implants. The isolated β‐sheet‐rich discotic CSNs have ~50 nm diameter, high crystallinity (> 90%), and are insoluble but provide good dispersibility and stability in aqueous solutions. The melt blending‐cum‐electrospinning of functionalized CSN with poly(lactic acid) results in biocompatible nanofiber‐based scaffolds having in vitro cell cytocompatibility with improved cell adhesion and proliferation. The assessment of release behavior of curcumin, a naturally occurring anticancer drug, shows sustained release over 25 days exhibiting effective cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cells. Further, combined effect of curcumin and hyperthermia reduced the cell growth by ~63%. Alignment of CSN‐derived magnetic nanoparticles due to effective fiber drawing process during electrospinning could improve cytocompatibility against BHK‐21 cells, and therefore efficacy for cancer therapy.
Abdominal pain in combination with an unexplained hemolytic anemia are crucial signs to test for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: A case report
Authors: Elias N.S. , Riedl Jürgen , Stouten Karlijn , Levin Mark‐David , Wolfhagen Frank , Eefting Mathijs , Vermeer Henricus Jan 
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical MessageParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a rare benign hematological disorder, presents with a wide variety of clinical symptoms. A direct Coombs‐negative hemolytic anemia combined with an increased LDH = Lactate dehydrogenase level are signs to test forPNH. Follow‐up does not need any microscopic review's only flow cytometricPNHclone size.
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis as a complication of otitis media
Authors: Salloum Shafee , Belzer Kira 
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical MessageOtogenic cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare complication of otitis media and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Classic clinical signs of mastoiditis (pain, swelling, and erythema posterior to the pinna) are not always present at presentation. Treatment of otogenic CSVT consists of conservative surgery, antibiotics, and anticoagulation.
Empyema caused by transdiaphragmatic extension of pyogenic liver abscess
Authors: Kim Doh Hyung 
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical MessageEmpyema caused by transdiaphragmatic extension of pyogenic liver abscess is a very rare complication of liver abscess. Empyema patients with unclear respiratory symptoms should be evaluated for the presence of underlying liver abscess. Effective drainage with appropriate antibiotic use is an essential part of successful treatment.
Right main bronchus rupture due to blunt chest trauma
Authors: Chowdhury Sharfuddin , Griniatsos John 
Published: December 2018

Key Clinical MessageBronchial rupture following major blunt chest trauma should be suspected in every case of massive and persistent air leak through the intercostal drain tube. Chest radiogram offers indirect signs, while chest CT scan demonstrates specific signs highly suggestive for this extremely rare tracheobronchial injury. Bedside bronchoscopy confirms the diagnosis.
First‐Principles Studies of Li Nucleation on Double‐Layered Defective Graphene
Authors: Huo Li , Su Fangyuan , Yi Zonglin , Cui Guangyu , Zhang Caili , Dong Nan , Chen Chengmeng , Han Peide 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLithium‐dendrite growth is one of the most challenging problems affecting the safety performance of Li‐ion batteries. Understanding the evolution process of Li‐dendrite growth at the atomic scale is critical for solving this problem. In this paper, the adsorption processes, geometrical configurations, and electronic structures of Li clusters on double‐layered graphene with two types of defects were investigated by first‐principles calculations. It was found that single vacancy (SV) defects tend to promote the nucleation of Li dendrites, and the adsorption energy of Li clusters near the SV defect decreases with increasing number of Li atoms. Meanwhile, the Li atoms accumulated on the surface of SV‐defect graphene with distances between the Li atoms similar to those in bulk metallic Li. However, in the case of double vacancy (DV) defects, the Li atoms could diffuse freely in the direction perpendicular to the graphene sheets through DV defects at the top‐layer graphene, thus hindering nucleation and dendrite growth. Density of states analyses suggested that the Li atoms on SV‐defect graphene transform from the fully ionized state to the metallic state with continuously increasing number, while the ionic properties of the Li atoms remain and even increase on DV‐defect graphene. Our conclusions can help to understand the Li‐graphite interaction from an atomistic point of view and provide theoretical hints for the development of graphite anodes with high charge‐rate properties.
Conformal Filling of TiO2 Nanotubes with Dense MxSy Films for 3D Heterojunctions: The Anion Effect
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Jin Yu , Xiang Chengjie , Jin Jian , Ding Mei , Wu Sujuan , Jia Chuankun , Sun Lidong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is appealing to fill up TiO2 nanotube arrays with other semiconductors to form three‐dimensional heterojunctions of interdigitated feature. This benefits from the large interfacial area for rapid charge separation and the ordered vertical channels for oriented charge transport. However, it remains a great challenge to fill the nanotubes with dense films and more importantly in a conformal manner. In this study, the TiO2 nanotubes are conformally filled with ZnS by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction. The ZnS exists in the form of either discrete nanoparticles or dense films when using nitrate or acetate precursor solutions, respectively. This is attributed to the hydrolysis process of the acetates in aqueous solutions, which releases extra hydroxyl ions beneficial to film formation. The CuS/TiO2 heterojunctions, resulted from ZnS dense films, show better rectifying behaviors in view of the interdigitated structure. Such a conformal filling process with dense films can also be used to form other MxSy/TiO2 bulk heterojunctions toward applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and so on.
High Performance LiMn1.9Al0.1O4 Porous Microspheres Rapidly Self‐Assembled through an Acetylene‐Black‐Assisted Solid‐State Approach
Authors: Tan Xinghua , Guo Limin , Jiang Yi , Liu Shengnan , Zhang Jiangtao , Wu Jianxin , Kang Xiaohong , Wang Hanfu , Chu Weiguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present a novel approach for preparing porous LiMn1.9Al0.1O4 microspheres with diameters of about 2 μm through direct calcination of solid monolith‐like precursors formed by simply mixing acetylene black and nitrate. The introduction of aluminium not only causes lattice doping of manganese but also plays an indispensable role in the formation of the porous microsphere structure assisted by acetylene black as both a solution absorbent and a pore‐forming agent. Porous LiMn1.9Al0.1O4 microspheres with an optimized aluminium concentration demonstrate a superior rate capability of 121 mAh g−1 at 1 C and 94 mAh g−1 at 40 C, and an excellent cyclic performance with a capacity retention of 82 % at 1 C after 700 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance results from the unique porous microspheres assembled by nanoparticles and the doping of Al. The approach proposed herein is facile, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly and could also be extended to the mass production of other electrode materials.
Reaching Milestones in the Oxygenation Chemistry of Magnesium Alkyls: towards Intimate States of O2 Activation and the First Monomeric Well‐Defined Magnesium Alkylperoxide
Authors: Pietrzak Tomasz , Justyniak Iwona , Park Jiwon Victoria , Terlecki Michał , Kapuśniak Łukasz , Lewiński Janusz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite decades of extensive studies on the reactivity of magnesium alkyls towards O2, the isolation and structural characterization of discrete products of these reactions still remains a challenge. Although the formation of the most frequently encountered magnesium alkoxides through unstable alkylperoxide intermediates has commonly been accepted, the latter species have been elusive for over 100 years. Probing the oxygenation of a seemingly simple well‐defined neo‐pentylmagnesium complex stabilized by a β‐diketiminate ligand, (dippBDI)MgCH2CMe3, we report on the isolation and structure characterization of both a dimeric magnesium alkoxide [(dippBDI)Mg(μ‐OCH2CMe3)]2 and the first example of monomeric magnesium alkylperoxide [(dippBDI)Mg(thf)OOCH2CMe3] (dippBDI=[(ArNCMe)2CH]− and Ar=C6H3iPr2‐2,6). The formation of monomeric magnesium alkylperoxide demonstrates a crucial role of an additional Lewis base for stabilizing the most elusive oxygenation products likely due to increasing of the electron density on the metal centre. Moreover, the 1H NMR studies at −80 °C revealed that the dissociation of a coordinated Lewis base from the solvated complex (dippBDI)Mg(L)CH2CMe3 (where L=thf or 4‐methylpyridine) is likely not required prior to the effective attack of an O2 molecule on the metal centre and the four‐coordinate alkylmagnesium complex reacts smoothly with O2 under these conditions. The results can be expected to aid future engineering of various organomagnesium/O2‐based reaction systems.
Probing the Regioselectivity with Encapsulated H2: Diels–Alder Reaction of an Open‐Cage C60 Derivative with Anthracene
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe regioselectivity in the Diels–Alder reaction of an unsymmetrical open‐cage C60 derivative with anthracene was studied. By using an encapsulated H2 molecule as a magnetic probe, the product population was successfully evaluated in detail, indicating the formation of approximately ten compounds as major components. The nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations showed a close resemblance to the observed 1H NMR spectrum, which allowed for a facile characterization of the products. Theoretical studies on the formation of all 29 possible anthracene adducts were also performed. The results indicated that the regioselectivity is strongly governed by steric factors, values of the frontier orbital coefficients, and thermodynamic stabilities. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the dominant compound revealed the supramolecular architecture between the anthracene moiety and the π‐sphere of a neighboring molecule.