bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Milky Way Bar Potential Constrained by the Kinematics of SiO Maser Stars in BAaDE Survey
Authors: Xia Tian-Ye , Shen Juntai , Li Zhi , Feng Huai-jin , Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Lewis Megan O. , Stroh Michael C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We introduce a novel method that utilizes the longitude–velocity (l − v) envelope to constrain the Milky Way (MW) bar potential. Previous work used the l − v diagram to explain the distribution of the observed high-velocity stars. We successfully reproduce their results but find that their method is limited to only one type of periodic orbits. In contrast, we propose that the l − v envelope provides much more comprehensive constraints. We compare the properties of test particles in the M. Portail et al. MW potential model (P17) with the observed SiO maser stars from the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) survey. We find that the l − v envelope generated by the bar potential demonstrates reasonable agreement with the observational data, albeit with slight discrepancies near the Galactic center. The inconsistencies suggest that the P17 potential yields a lower central rotation curve, a slightly larger quadrupole strength, or a possibly underestimated pattern speed. We also adopt an updated version of the P17 potential with a modified central mass component proposed by G. H. Hunter et al. (H24). The fitting of the l − v envelope suggests that the H24 potential does not completely address the existing challenges and may hint at a possible underestimation of the central bar mass. Our study demonstrates that the l − v envelope can be used as a valuable tool for constraining the Galactic potential and provides insights into the MW bar potential.
Simulating Radio Synchrotron Morphology, Spectra, and Polarization of Cosmic Ray Driven Galactic Winds
Authors: Chiu 邱 H.-H. Sandy 懷萱 , Ruszkowski Mateusz , Thomas Timon , Werhahn Maria , Pfrommer Christoph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The formation of galaxies is significantly influenced by galactic winds, possibly driven by cosmic rays due to their long cooling times and better coupling to plasma compared to radiation. In this study, we compare the radio observations of the edge-on galaxy NGC 4217 from the CHANG-ES collaboration catalog with a mock observation of an isolated galaxy based on the arepo simulation that adopts the state-of-the-art two-moment cosmic ray transport treatment and multiphase interstellar medium model. We find significant agreement between the simulated and observed images and spectroscopic data for reasonable model parameters. Specifically, we find that (i) the shape of the intensity profiles depends weakly on the magnitude of the magnetic field, the distance of the simulated galaxy, and the normalization of the CR electron spectrum. The agreement between the mock and actual observations is degenerate with respect to these factors; (ii) the multiwavelength spectrum above 0.1 GHz is in agreement with the radio observations and its slope is also only weakly sensitive to the magnetic field strength; (iii) the magnetic field direction exhibits X-shaped morphology, often seen in edge-on galaxies, which is consistent with the observations and indicates the presence of a galactic-scale outflow. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating advanced cosmic ray transport models in simulations and provide a deeper understanding of galactic wind dynamics and its impact on galaxy evolution.
Exploring the Small-scale Magnetic Fields of the Solar Analog KIC 8006161 Using Asteroseismology
Authors: Lin Guifang , Li Yan , Su Jie , Wu Tao , Wang Yuetong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The magnetic field is a significant and universal physical phenomenon in modern astrophysics. Small-scale magnetic fields are very important in the stellar atmosphere. They are ubiquitous and strongly couple with acoustic waves. Therefore, their presence affects the properties of acoustic waves in the stellar outer layer. In the present work, under the assumption that small-scale magnetic features are the cause of the asteroseismic surface term (the frequency-dependent frequency offset between stars and their models), we explore the strength of such fields in the solar analog KIC 8006161. By considering the effect of small-scale magnetic fields in the stellar photosphere, we use the observed oscillation frequencies to constrain the inner structures and surface small-scale magnetic fields of solar-like star KIC 8006161. To agree with the existing observations, such as oscillation frequencies, and their frequency separation ratios, the theoretical model requires a small-scale magnetic field to form a magnetic-arch splicing layer in the stellar outer atmosphere. The small-scale magnetic field strengths for KIC 8006161 obtained from best-fit model with Y
init = 0.249 + 1.33 Z
init and Y
init as a free parameter are approximately 96 and 89 G, respectively. The corresponding locations of the magnetic-arch splicing layer are about 522 and 510 km, respectively.
Crater Equilibrium State Characterization given Crater Production from a Single Power Law
Authors: Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Fassett Caleb I. , Costello Emily S. , Minton David A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We generalize the crater equilibrium concept, a terminal state on a cratered surface where the balance of crater production and erasure apparently limits the crater population from further growth. Assuming the crater production consists of a single power law, our model identifies four classes of crater equilibrium. The first class is the most common state, where the power-law slope for the equilibrium size–frequency distribution is independent of the crater production slope power. The second class arises when there is efficient degradation of larger craters by smaller crater production, which results in dependence of the crater equilibrium slope power on the crater production slope power. The third class is another common state when a shallow production function causes a crater equilibrium state with a similarly shallow slope. This class results from the enhanced degradation of smaller craters by larger crater production. The fourth class is a combination of the second and third classes. We further compare the concept of geometric saturation, which has been widely used to quantify the level of crater equilibrium, and that of cookie-cutter saturation. We present a crucial update to the cookie-cutter saturation concept that brings models closer to the reality of crater accumulation over a range of sizes than the geometric saturation concept. Our model offers simpler analytical formulae for cookie-cutter saturation and proposes this concept as a more meaningful reference to argue the crater equilibrium level. Our work and earlier studies confirm the consistency of the crater equilibrium concepts, enabling deeper interpretations of crater equilibrium.
Apprendre les langues aux machines
Authors: Sagot Benoît 
Published: November 2024

À l’automne 2022, le lancement de ChatGPT a installé l’intelligence artificielle au cœur de l’actualité. Chacun a pu s’emparer de cet agent conversationnel et prendre la mesure de sa puissance, mais son fonctionnement est resté pour beaucoup mystérieux. Cette leçon inaugurale lève le voile sur un domaine de recherche auquel il doit son existence, le traitement automatique des langues, ou TAL.Pas à pas, l’auteur nous conduit à travers l’histoire du TAL afin de dégager les enjeux actuels de cette discipline aussi ancienne que l’informatique et qui s’efforce d’apprendre les langues aux machines. Comment en est-on arrivé à l’apprentissage automatique, aux réseaux de neurones et aux modèles génératifs ? Quels aspects éthiques requièrent notre vigilance face à l’accélération de la recherche et de l’innovation ? En fin de compte, ChatGPT est-il vraiment une révolution ?
Exposition et exhortation : deux facettes du discours écologique
Authors: Ferré Gaëlle 
Published: November 2024

« Un discours argumentatif vise à influencer les opinions, les attitudes ou les comportements d’un interlocuteur ou d’un public en rendant une déclaration crédible ou acceptable » (Adam, 1992 : 116). Il existe cependant différentes manières d’atteindre cet objectif, comme le montre une collection de vidéos variées collectées sur Internet. Cet article propose une analyse de deux styles présents dans les discours écologiques qui peuvent être de nature expositive, mais qui peuvent aussi se rapprocher de l’exhortation, les écologistes souhaitant inciter les gouvernements à agir sur la question du réchauffement climatique. Une différence de complexité et/ou d’intensité multimodale est observée entre les deux styles.L’analyse qualitative développée dans cet article montre que le discours expositif s’exprime par l’utilisation de nombreux exemples et d’explications sur les processus et les systèmes. Les reformulations et les définitions ne sont pas rares dans ce type de discours. Prosodiquement proche du discours pédagogique, le discours expositif peut être prononcé avec des accents emphatiques. Sur le plan multimodal, ce style discursif s’appuie sur des ressources visuelles (diaporama, cartes, etc.) et la gestuelle des locuteurs comprend principalement trois types de gestes : des gestes d’organisation du discours, des pointages vers des supports visuels, et des gestes représentationnels (McNeill, 2005) qui illustrent le contenu verbal du discours et peuvent même compléter d’autres types de visuels.Pour sa part, l’exhortation s’exprime plutôt par un recours à l’hyperbole (Druetta, 2015a ; Ferré, 2014), à la métaphore et aux contrastes. La scansion prosodique est également présente dans ce type de discours, les syllabes accentuées sont plus rapprochées que dans la parole non scandée. Elles sont également emphatiques et prononcées avec un allongement syllabique, mais aussi une hauteur intonative plus élevée, éventuellement un mouvement intonatif plus important ainsi qu’une intensité plus élevée (Brenier et al., 2005 ; Herment-Dujardin & Hirst, 2003 ; Simon & Grobet, 2005). La scansion rythmique est régulièrement accompagnée de gestes de battement (Biau & Soto-Faraco, 2013 ; Dimitrova et al., 2016 ; Ferré, 2019), tandis que des points de vue contrastés sont fréquemment exprimés par des gestes de la main effectués dans différentes parties de l’espace personnel du locuteur (McNeill et al., 1993).
Audiovestibular Correlates in an Individual with a Retrocerebellar Arachnoid Cyst
Authors: Ramamoorthy Pranesh , Ramamoorthy Santhoshi , Razack Dilna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The central vestibular lesion is mainly responsible for vertigo without nausea and may manifest with localized neurological symptoms such as diplopia, ataxia, and decreased cranial nerve function. This case study focuses on detailed audiological and vestibular assessment procedures patient with unidentified and later identified with arachnoid cysts in the retrocerebellar region. A 40-year-old female presented with a complaint of giddiness and instability, with each episode of giddiness lasting up to 10–15 min with unconsciousness. The results of the audiological evaluation indicated bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss, with an “Add” type tympanogram in both the ears. The findings of vestibular evaluation suggested of positive central vestibular lesion. This case report emphasizes differential diagnosis between peripheral and central vestibular lesions and requires detailed analysis and correlation of audiological and neurological symptoms. We recommend to use HINTS or HINTS+, which can help in episode of acute vertigo.
An Unusually Shaped Mastoid Osteoma
Authors: Dhorje Nikhil Rajendra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a case of osteoma of the mastoid region of the right temporal bone presenting as a single, painless, hard, postauricular mass. Osteomas are benign osteogenic tumors mostly affecting frontal and ethmoidal sinuses. Temporal osteomas are extremely rare with < 150 cases being reported in the literature; within the temporal bone, osteoma rarely affects the mastoid but commonly involves the external auditory meatus, middle ear, and styloid process.
A Comparative Study on Videonystagmography in Patients with Vertigo between Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Irrigation Technique
Authors: Kumar S. Praveen , Mukundhan P. , Ahamed M. Aqil , Suresh V. , Gowrishankar M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Patients with balance disorders are evaluated by a battery of vestibular function tests including videonystagmography (VNG). However, the caloric test component of VNG is risky to be performed in patients with ear infections. In order to perform the test in such patients, closed-loop technique has been performed. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of closed- and open-loop techniques of the caloric test using VNG in patients with vertigo so that it can be applied to patients with ear infections also.

Setting and Design:
A prospective study was conducted at the neurotology clinic in our tertiary health-care Institution between May 2019 and April 2020.

Subjects and Methods:
The study involved 83 patients aged between 20 and 60 years with complaints of giddiness patients who were evaluated using videonystagmography with open-loop and closed-loop method and the results were compared.

Results:
By comparing the outcome of caloric responses in both ears using both these techniques, it is evident that both techniques’ outcome is similar in detecting the caloric response of the ear as there was no statistically significant differences among both irrigation techniques.

Conclusions:
Closed-loop irrigation technique is equally as effective as open-loop technique in the evaluation of vertigo so that it can be used for the evaluation of vestibular system for patients in whom the open-loop technique is contraindicated.
A Prospective Study for the Comparative Evaluation of Pediatric and Adult Cholesteatoma
Authors: Jangid Divya , Samdani Sunil Kumar , Gupta Anjali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To determine the extent of cholesteatoma by imaging and intraoperative findings in both pediatric and adult category.

Objectives:
To study the extent of disease (cholesteatoma); (a) Radiologically (HRCT-Temporal Bone) and (b) Intraoperatively, to study the post-op hearing outcome and to study the healing period (dry cavity/ epithelization of cavity) following surgery in pediatric and adult category.

Materials and Method:
A prospective observational study was conducted on 60 patients of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Each category had 30 patients, all of which were subjected to thorough preoperative clinical examination and HRCT temporal bone scans. The scans were evaluated with the help of Lynrah et al. grading for the radiological extension of disease. The same grading system was applied for the intraoperative extension of disease. All the patients were scrutinized for upto 6 months for the follow up of mastoid cavity epithelisation and post operative hearing gain results.

Results:
The majority of the patients in both the categories had Grade II disease extension, illustrated in their radiological as well as intraoperative findings signifying an excellent correlation amongst the two. The epithelization of mastoid cavity postoperatively was delayed in pediatric group due to presence of huge voluminous mastoid pneumatisation. The postoperative hearing gain results were good in both the categories.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that limited extension of disease with early diagnosis and timely intervention in pediatric group could result in favorable prognosis in terms of healing of mastoid cavity postoperatively and hearing gain results.
Development and Feasibility of a Novel Comprehensive SPARKS Physiotherapy Protocol for Somatic Tinnitus Associated with Cervical and Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Welling Aarti , Kage Vijay , Gurudut Peeyoosha , Narulkar Rakshanda , Dusane Pooja , Bhutada Swarangi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context:
Somatic tinnitus is the conscious perception of auditory sensation in the absence of an external stimulus, characterized by buzzing, ringing, hissing, or whistling noises which can affect the quality of life. It may be caused by cervical and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. To date, there is no comprehensive physiotherapy protocol to manage somatic tinnitus with cervical and TMJ dysfunction. However, there is little evidence about individual physiotherapy approaches and no comprehensive integrated protocol exists for managing tinnitus holistically.

Aims:
This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of an integrated SPARKS physiotherapy protocol for individuals suffering from somatic tinnitus.

Settings and Design:
This feasibility study involved 22 participants clinically diagnosed with somatic tinnitus and were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group.

Materials and Methods:
The integrated protocol was developed to manage somatic tinnitus using manual therapy, exercises, and virtual reality. The outcomes were assessed on days 1 and 28 using a tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), sleep disorder questionnaire (SDQ), and neck Bournemouth questionnaire (NBQ) to evaluate tinnitus symptoms, sleep quality, pain reduction, and neck disability.

Results:
Analysis demonstrated significant improvement in all three outcomes in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Between-group analysis of THI (P = 0.0001), SDQ (P = 0.0108), and NBQ (P = 0.0001) indicates a statistically superior improvement in the experimental group, in comparison to the control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
This novel SPARKS physiotherapy protocol for somatic tinnitus has demonstrated superior effectiveness in managing tinnitus compared to traditional medical treatments and it shows a promising and safe multimodal approach.
Evaluating Patient Experience as a Quality Indicator in Postacute Outpatient Physical Therapy Setting: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Nambiar Veena Kiran , Desai Sanjay C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Quality indicators tools are utilized when making clinical decisions, implementing recommendations based on guidelines, and assessing and reporting treatment efficacy to patients and stakeholders. Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) quantify patient experience, which is distinct from measuring the outcomes of patients. PREMs go beyond subjective assessments of satisfaction to examine patient’s experiences with the health-care system during the course of treatment and quantify those experiences objectively. It is necessary to evaluate both the clinical outcomes and patient experience to achieve goals.

Methods:
This study design was a cross-sectional survey conducted at the physiotherapy outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital with a sample size of 64 patients with acute musculoskeletal conditions after musculoskeletal rehabilitation. After obtaining written informed consent and ethical clearance from the committee, patients were administered post-acute outpatient physical therapy settings questionnaire (PEPAP-Q) using Google Forms before discontinuation of treatment and the responses were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Descriptive analysis was done for the 64 responses received and the 23 items in the PEPAP-Q were examined. The results showed that 73% of the patients got information about their prognosis from their therapist. In 93% of the responses, the therapist gave full attention to the patient and also considered the safety aspects. Around 50% of patients documented that they had to wait for the treatment as the equipment was not free. Only 67% of the therapists adapted treatment to the mood of the patient.

Conclusion:
PREMs form an important outcome measure contributing to patient-centered quality of care in postacute physiotherapy outpatient settings.
A Comparative Study on Machine Learning Classifiers for Cervical Cancer Prediction: A Predictive Analytic Approach
Authors: Mohi Uddin Khandaker Mohammad , Sikder Iftikhar Ahammad , Hasan Md. Nahid 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, particularly in underdeveloped nations where preventive healthcare measures are limited. Early identification of the risks associated with cervical cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment.
OBJECTIVES: In recent years, machine-learning algorithms have gained popularity as potential techniques for determining a person's risk of developing cancer based on demographic and medical information. This study uses a dataset that contains patient demographics, clinical history, and results from diagnostic tests to examine how machine learning-based algorithms can be used to predict the risks of cervical cancer.
METHODS: Various machine learning approaches are used to create predictive systems, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Gradient Boosting (GB), Nearest Centroid (NC), Multilayer Perceptron(MP), and AdaBoost (AB).
RESULTS: The prediction capability of these models is assessed using performance metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, f-measure, precision, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Our results show that the decision tree has the highest accuracy, precision, and f1-score (98.91%, 97.81%, and 0.9889). Additionally, model performance was optimized by the use of hyperparameter tuning. After hyperparameter adjustment, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) showed superior accuracy of 99.64%, precision of 99.26%, and an F1-score of 0.9963, thereby indicating its potential in cervical cancer probability prediction. We also created a web application that uses a machine-learning model to estimate the risk of cervical cancer.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the significance of SVM and demonstrate the potential and capabilities of machine learning techniques to enhance accurate prediction and patient outcomes for cervical cancer screening.
Amétropies en milieu universitaire à l’institut national medicosanitaire de l’université d’Abomey Calavi, Benin
Authors: Soussia T. , Aïgbè N. , Kpamegan B.B. , Akoha F. , Alamou S. , Gnonlonfoun D. 
Published: November 2024

Les vices de réfraction sont des troubles oculaires très courants qui surviennent lorsque des rayons lumineux parallèles entrant dans l’œil non accommodant ne se focalisent pas sur la rétine.
Objectif : La présente recherche a pour objectif d’étudier les vices de réfraction chez les apprenants de licence 1 à l’INMeS.
Méthodes : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive qui s’est déroulée du 06 juin au 08 juillet 2022 à l’Institut National Médico-Sanitaire (INMeS) et au Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou et a recensé 75 étudiants de licence 1 de l’INMeS. L’acuité visuelle a été mesurée chez tous les étudiants ainsi que la réfractométrie, simple et sous cyclopégique.
Résultats : La fatigue visuelle (82,67%), le prurit oculaire (60%), les douleurs oculaires (52%) et les clignements palpébraux (50,67%) sont les principaux signes fonctionnels dont se plaignent les étudiants enquêtés. L’acuité visuelle sans correction était de 10/10 à l’œil droit chez 56 % des étudiants alors qu’ils étaient 54,67 % à lire 10/10 à l’œil gauche et aux deux yeux. La réfraction sous cycloplégique effectuée à tous les étudiants, quel que soit l’acuité visuelle, a permis de diagnostiquer 98,67 % d’yeux droits comme gauches amétropes. Tous les étudiants amétropes ont présenté des amétropies faibles et la récupération fonctionnelle après correction des amétropies diagnostiquées chez les étudiants était totale.
Conclusion : Les facteurs qui influencent négativement des études universitaires sont de divers ordres et les amétropies non corrigées y figurent.