bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die erweiterte Fallmethode in der Protestforschung
Authors: Schritt Jannik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie erweiterte Fallmethode, die von der Manchester Schule in der Ethnologie bereits in den 1950er und 1960er Jahren entwickelt wurde, um gesellschaftliche Konflikte anhand von (Groß-) Ereignissen exemplarisch zu untersuchen, findet in der Protestforschung bislang kaum explizite Anwendung. Der vorliegende Artikel veranschaulicht am Beispiel von Protesten um die Eröffnung der ersten Erdölraffinerie in Niger 2011 methodisches Vorgehen, theoretische Prämissen und Stärken der erweiterten Fallmethode. Der Artikel verfolgt dabei auch das Ziel, die Methodologie der erweiterten Fallmethode im Lichte gegenwärtiger Sozialtheorie neu zu formulieren.
LncRNA DYNLRB2-2 inhibits THP-1 macrophage foam cell formation by enhancing autophagy
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Sun Tao , Shen Shuxin , Wang Lixia , Yan Jifeng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DYNLRB2-2 can inhibit foam cell formation by activating autophagy. The location of DYNLRB2-2 in THP-1-derived macrophages was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to induce the formation of foam cells, Oil Red O (ORO) staining and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed to detect accumulation of lipid droplets and the level of cholesterol concentration, respectively. The mRNA and protein level of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Relative protein levels of (p-) liver kinase B1 (LKB1), (p-) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), (p-) the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy markers (LC3 II, Beclin-1 and p62) in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were analyzed by Western blotting. The levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β] in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 3-MA and compound C were used to block autophagy. Our data show that DYNLRB2-2 inhibited the formation of THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells and promotes cholesterol efflux (CE) by activating autophagy. DYNLRB2-2 caused autophagy by activating the signaling pathway of LKB1/AMPK/mTOR in foam cells. DYNLRB2-2 activated the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway via the miR-298/Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) axis. Our data indicated that DYNLRB2-2 enhanced CE by regulating the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR autophagy signaling pathway through the miR-298/SIRT3 axis, thereby blocking the formation of foam cells from THP-1 macrophages.
Heat Transfer of Power-Law Liquid Food in a Tank with Varying Stirrer Settings
Authors: Li Botong , Liu Deyi , Chen Xuehui , Zheng Liancun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, we explore the heat transfer of non-Newtonian liquid food in the heating process in a channel connecting a tank. To achieve a rapid heat diffusion, several cylindrical agitators are inserted into the tank. We pay special attention to a Chinese traditional food, i.e. the black sesame paste, which is predicted by the power-law model. The fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated numerically, under the impacts of the angular velocity of cylinder, the stirrer size and the rotational direction. Three different settings are investigated: the two-stirrer, the three-stirrer, and the 2 × 2 stirrer settings. Several applicable strategies could be applied to improve the heat transfer in food engineering practices, including changing the size, the rotational velocity, the direction, and the number of stirrers in the heat exchanger.
Finite groups with only 𝔉{\mathfrak{F}}-normal and 𝔉{\mathfrak{F}}-abnormal subgroups
Authors: Hu Bin , Huang Jianhong , Skiba Alexander N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Let G be a finite group, and let

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

be a class of groups.
A chief factor

H
/
K

{H/K}

of G is said to be

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-central (in G) if the semidirect product

(

H
/
K

)

⋊

(

G
/

C
G

⁢

(

H
/
K

)

)

∈
𝔉

{(H/K)\rtimes(G/C_{G}(H/K))\in\mathfrak{F}}

.
We say that a subgroup A of G is

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-normal in G if every chief factor

H
/
K

{H/K}

of G between

A
G

{A_{G}}

and

A
G

{A^{G}}

is

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-central in G and

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-abnormal in G if V is not

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-normal in W for every two subgroups

V
<
W

{V<W}

of G such that

A
≤
V

{A\leq V}

.
We give a description of finite groups in which every subgroup is either

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-normal or

𝔉

{\mathfrak{F}}

-abnormal.
Performance Analysis of Single Side Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Radio over Fiber System with Direct and External Modulation Schemes
Authors: Kavitha T , Kumar A Prem , Sowmith A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Radio over fiber is a technology in which the light signals at the central station are modulated by a radio frequency signal, and by using the optical fiber it is transmitted to base stations. The data stream being sent is separated into subcarrier frequencies by the technique of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. The orthogonality between the sub-carriers is provided by FFT modulation, which avoids the demodulators from accepting other frequencies. It is possible to transmit high-data rate signals over short and long distance by implementing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with radio over fiber system along with the optical fiber. This enhances the system with more coverage area, and without increasing the cost of the system it provides the flexibility. The proposed work is to investigate the performance analysis of single side band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in radio over fiber system with external and direct modulations using spectral analysers and constellation visualizers. The Mach-Zender modulator is proposed for external modulation, the vertical cavity surface emitting laser is used in direct modulation. The simulations were carried out by using Optisystem Software version 15.0 with global parameters for both intensity modulation schemes.
Analysis of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Rydzewska Marta , Michalak Justyna , Bossowska Anna , Chen Shu , Black Sarah , Powell Michael , Furmaniak Jadwiga , Rees Smith Bernard , Bossowski Artur 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundZinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8Abs) together with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADAbs), insulinoma antigen 2 autoantibodies (IA-2Abs) and insulin autoantibodies (IAbs) are markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We studied the prevalence of ZnT8Ab in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) to assess the association of AITDs and T1DM at the serological level.MethodsThe study groups consisted of 44 children with Graves’ disease (GD), 65 children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), 199 children with T1DM with or without AITDs and 58 control children. ZnT8Ab, GADAb, IA-2Ab, IAb, 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21-OHAbs) and acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies (AChRAbs) were measured.ResultsZnT8Abs were found in 4/44 (9.1%) patients with GD, and 4/44 (9.1%) patients with GD were positive for GADAb. Of the 65 HT patients, six (9.2%) were positive for ZnT8Ab, while four (6.2%) were positive for GADAb. In the T1DM group, 128/199 (64%) of the patients were positive for ZnT8Ab, 133/199 (67%) for GADAb and 109/199 (55%) for IA-2Ab. One GD patient and one HT patient were positive for all the four diabetes-associated autoantibodies. Two HT patients were positive for three diabetes autoantibodies. Two GD (4.5%) and five HT (7.7%) patients were positive for 21-OHAb only. None of the patients had AChRAb. In the control group, 2/58 (3.4%) were positive for GADAb and 2/58 (3.4%) were positive for ZnT8Ab.ConclusionsDiabetes-associated autoantibodies including ZnT8Ab were found in children and adolescents with GD and HT.
Monolithic waveguide laser mode-locked by embedded Ag nanoparticles operating at 1 μm
Authors: Li Rang , Pang Chi , Li Ziqi , Dong Ningning , Wang Jun , Ren Feng , Akhmadaliev Shavkat , Zhou Shengqiang , Chen Feng 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Monolithic waveguide laser devices are required to achieve on-chip lasing. In this work, a new design of a monolithic device with embedded Ag nanoparticles (NPs) plus the Nd:YAG ridge waveguide has been proposed and implemented. By using Ag+ ion implantation, the embedded Ag NPs are synthesized on the near-surface region of the Nd:YAG crystal, resulting in the significant enhancement of the optical nonlinearity of Nd:YAG and offering saturable absorption properties of the crystal at a wide wavelength band. The subsequent processing of the O5+ ion implantation and diamond saw dicing of crystal finally leads to the fabrication of monolithic waveguide with embedded Ag NPs. Under an optical pump, the Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers operating at 1 μm is realized with the pulse duration of 29.5 ps and fundamental repetition rate of 10.53 GHz, owing to the modulation of Ag NPs through evanescent field interaction with waveguide modes. This work introduces a new approach in the application of monolithic ultrafast laser devices by using embedded metallic NPs.
The pseudosymmetric crystal structure of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane dimethyl carbonate (2/3), C21H30N24O33
Authors: Shen Fanfan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
C21H30N24O33, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 12.6527(16) Å, b = 16.395(2) Å, c = 20.606(3) Å, V = 4274.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0367, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0907, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of (Cu0.51In0.49)tet[Cr1.74In0.26]octSe4 selenospinel, Cu0.51In0.75Cr1.74Se4
Authors: Moris Silvana , Barahona Patricia , Galdámez Antonio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cu0.51In0.75Cr1.74Se4, cubic, Fd3̄m (no. 227), a = 10.6506(13) Å, V = 1208.2 Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0371, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0912, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of trans-dichlorido-(1,3-dimesityl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-(5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-κN)palladium(II), C25H31Cl2N3OPd
Authors: Sun Kai-Xin , Wu Xiang-Ting , Li Guo-Xing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
C25H31Cl2N3OPd, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.4083(4) Å, b = 17.1334(8) Å, c = 31.9251(14) Å, V = 5146.2(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0600, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1232, T = 293(2) K.
Length-based hydrodynamic fractionation of highly networked fibers in a mini-channel
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Redlinger-Pohn Jakob D. , Radl Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFractionation of cellulose fibers is performed within a circular mini-channel (diameter 7 mm) to realize a novel fractionation principle. We show that fractionation within a single-floc regime relies on the formation of a rigid network in cases where the crowding number is chosen to be greater than 60. Fractionation is performed for channel Reynolds numbersRe>Re\mathrm{>}10,000, and unlike the situation in larger channels, fractionation is found to be relatively independent ofReRe. Experiments show a high dependency of the radial aperture velocity and aperture width on fractionation performance associated with fibers that are longer than 200 µm. By contrast, fibers shorter than 200 µm are only influenced by the volumetric flow rate through the aperture. Our results suggest that fibers smaller than 200 µm are mobile in the near wall region. Fibers longer than 200 µm are, dependent on their length, drawn out of the network by hydrodynamic forces acting on them as a result of the radial fluid velocity caused by the accept flow through the aperture. Our results support a novel fractionation hypothesis that is in contrast to previous findings, which were based on dilute flows and were demonstrated in channels having a larger size.
Chalcogenide van der Waals superlattices: a case example of interfacial phase-change memory
Authors: Saito Yuta , Fons Paul , Mitrofanov Kirill V. , Makino Kotaro , Tominaga Junji , Robertson John , Kolobov Alexander V. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
2D van der Waals chalcogenides such as topological insulators and transition-metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures are now at the forefront of semiconductor research. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental features and advantages of van der Waals bonded superlattices over conventional superlattices made of 3D materials and describe in more detail one practical example, namely, interfacial phase change memory based on GeTe–Sb2Te3 superlattice structures.
Staging laparoscopy and Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) for peritoneal metastasis: safe access to the abdomen
Authors: Glatz Torben , Horvath Philipp , Lang Sven A. , Archid Rami , Nadiradze Giorgi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an innovative drug delivery technique. Most common indication is palliative therapy of peritoneal metastasis of gastrointestinal and gynecological origin in the salvage situation. Access to the abdomen is the critical step of the procedure, since most patients had previous surgery. Potential pitfalls include non-access because of adhesions, bowel access lesions and postoperative subcutaneous toxic emphysema.

Methods
We propose a technique, the “finger-access technique” that might prevent largely these pitfalls. A minilaparotomy of 3 cm is performed in the midline, a finger introduced into the abdomen and a 5-mm double-balloon trocar (no Hasson trocar) is placed under finger protection at some distance of the first incision. The fascia of the minilaparotomy, not the skin, is then closed. The abdomen is insufflated with CO2 and tightness is controlled with saline solution in the minilaparotomy. A second 10–12 mm trocar is then introduced under videoscopic control. The first trocar is then visualized through the second one to exclude a bowel lesion during first access.

Results and conclusions
In our hands, this access technique has shown to be safe and effective.
Simultaneous analysis of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan by amine-HPLC shows minor oxidative stress from short-term exhaustion exercise
Authors: Baxter-Parker Gregory , Chu Anna , Petocz Peter , Samman Samir , Gieseg Steven P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan can be used to measure activation of monocytes and macrophages during immunological events such as exercise inducing inflammation. Endurance exercise and high-impact sports have shown significant increases in these biomarkers. Measurement is typically conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using C18 or SCX columns. However, kynurenine and tryptophan are not measured simultaneously to neopterin using these separation systems. Here we have used an amine column for separation and simultaneous determination of neopterin, kynurenine and tryptophan.
Methods: Optimization and validation for the amine-HPLC method was conducted using plasma from 43 participants subjected to a short maximal exercise bicycling regime or rest period. The order of exercise and rest was randomized and separated by a 3-5 week washout period.
Results: Using an amine column developed with ammonium acetate formic acid (33%) and acetonitrile (72%) provided optimal separation and run time for analysis. Neopterin increased significantly post-exercise and subsided to baseline by 30 minutes. Total neopterin remained elevated until 60 minutes following exercise.
Conclusion: Amine-HPLC can be used for simultaneous determination of kynurenine, tryptophan and neopterin in plasma. Short intense exercise causes a significant increase in plasma neopterin suggesting a prolonged activation of monocytes and macrophages.
Methoden zur hyperspektralen Bildverarbeitung unter Einbezug von Nachbarschaftsinformation
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Puente León Fernando 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hyperspektrale Bildgewinnung und -verarbeitung ermöglicht die berührungslose Untersuchung einer Vielzahl von Materialien und Produkten. Die Anwendungsgebiete reichen dabei von der Beurteilung der Lebensmittelsicherheit über die medizinische Bildgebung bis hin zur industriellen Sortierung. Während Hyperspektraluntersuchungen aufgrund der teuren Hardware und komplexen Datenverarbeitung bis vor einigen Jahren hauptsächlich im Labor stattfanden, haben die technischen Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre dazu geführt, dass sie mittlerweile echtzeitfähig sind und inline vorgenommen werden können.
Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Methoden zur Verarbeitung und Informationsextraktion von Hyperspektralbildern, hauptsächlich der Entrauschung und der spektralen Entmischung. Die vorgestellten Methoden beziehen die inhärent enthaltene, aber meist ignorierte, Nachbarschaftsinformation mit ein.
Rubescins F–H, new vilasinin-type limonoids from the leaves of Trichilia rubescens (Meliaceae)
Authors: Tsamo Armelle Tontsa , Pagna Julio Issah Mawouma , Nangmo Pamela Kemda , Mkounga Pierre , Laatsch Hartmut , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Three new limonoids, designated as rubescins F (1), G (2), and H (3), together with two known compounds of this type, TS1 (4) and trichirubine A (5), were isolated from methylene chloride/methanol extracts of Trichilia rubescens leaves. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and complemented by electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry results and by comparison to data of related compounds described in the literature and ab initio calculations. Rubescin F (1) is the first limonoid from Trichilia spp. with an oxetane ring between C-7 and C-14, which seems to be formed by the isomerization of TS1 (4). The γ-hydroxybutenolide rubescin G (2) is a potential precursor of trichirubine A (5), whereas rubescin H (3) is the first example of a triterpenoid with a single bond between C-7/C-14, forming a cyclopropane ring. The absolute configuration of these limonoids was derived from biosynthetic considerations and ab initio calculations of NMR and optical rotation dispersion data.
Rheology of Pastes Containing High-Volume Fly Ash and Their Permeability Because of Calcium Leaching Procedure in Ammonium Chloride Solution
Authors: Yang Hu , Lu Cairong , Mei Guoxing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article presents the findings of a research program that concern the rheology of fresh paste containing high-volume fly ash and its permeability because of calcium leaching procedure after 90 days’ curing. In a fresh state, the combined influence of fly ash content and water addition time on Herschel–Bulkley parameters was investigated. The critical value of fly ash content and water addition time was defined. In a hardened state, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) was chosen as the accelerate leachant based on the comparison of microscale effect of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and NH4Cl solution as well as leaching mechanism establishment. At specified leaching durations, the leached depth and porosity and permeability coefficient of both sound and deteriorated paste specimens were tested. It was indicated that both the porosity increment and permeability coefficient increment have a linear relation to the square root of leached ratio. Additionally, the velocity of the porosity increment declines with fly ash content, whereas the velocity of permeability coefficient increment declines with fly ash content at first and increases slightly when the fly ash dosage ranges from 40 % to 60 %. It can be concluded that fly ash was effective in improving leaching resistance. Finally, the relevance of fresh and hardened behavior was proposed.
Research on Acoustic Emission Source Location Imaging in Aluminum Alloy Plate-type Structure
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Wang Daorui , Wang Jianguo , Wang Hailing , Xu Guang , Hong Jun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The time reversal focusing and imaging technique is often used to locate the acoustic emission (AE) source on a plate-type structure. Because of the computational error caused by the dispersive modes of the raw AE signal, the AE source is sometimes located in the adjacent region of its real position and the pseudo-AE source will be focused in the location image of the AE source. This study is interested in how to effectively avoid the focusing of the pseudo-AE source. Thus, in this article, a Shannon wavelet transform with “Morlet” mother wavelet was used to isolate S0 modes from raw AE signals. The modulus value curves of the isolated S0 modes were treated by time reversal, time delay, and superposition at every grid point in the monitoring area, based on the time reversal focusing principle. The AE source was located at a certain grid point where the peak of the superposition curve is maximal. The monitoring area imaging was realized by defining every grid point’s pixel value with the peak of the superposition curves. The validating experiment was done in a 600 mm by 600 mm monitoring area which is on a 5052 aluminum alloy plate with dimensions of 1,200 mm by 1,200 mm by 3 mm. Comparing with the traditional square location method based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) calculation, the localization accuracy was improved and the maximal radial error is lower than 30 mm. Furthermore, the proposed localization method has a certain ability to overcome the effect of the plate size and local curvature.
Noncanonical Contributions of MutLγ to VDE-Initiated Crossovers DuringSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMeiosis
Authors: Shodhan Anura , Medhi Darpan , Lichten Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the meiosis-specific axis proteins Hop1 and Red1 are present nonuniformly across the genome. In a previous study, the meiosis-specific VMA1-derived endonuclease (VDE) was used to examine Spo11-independent recombination in a recombination reporter inserted in a Hop1/Red1-enriched region (HIS4) and in a Hop1/Red1-poor region (URA3). VDE-initiated crossovers at HIS4 were mostly dependent on Mlh3, a component of the MutLγ meiotic recombination intermediate resolvase, while VDE-initiated crossovers at URA3 were mostly Mlh3-independent. These differences were abolished in the absence of the chromosome axis remodeler Pch2, and crossovers at both loci became partly Mlh3-dependent. To test the generality of these observations, we examined inserts at six additional loci that differed in terms of Hop1/Red1 enrichment, chromosome size, and distance from centromeres and telomeres. All six loci behaved similarly to URA3: the vast majority of VDE-initiated crossovers were Mlh3-independent. This indicates that, counter to previous suggestions, levels of meiotic chromosome axis protein enrichment alone do not determine which recombination pathway gives rise to crossovers during VDE-initiated meiotic recombination. In pch2∆ mutants, the fraction of VDE-induced crossovers that were Mlh3-dependent increased to levels previously observed for Spo11-initiated crossovers in pch2∆, indicating that Pch2-dependent processes play an important role in controlling the balance between MutLγ-dependent and MutLγ-independent crossovers.