bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Confidence Intervals for Proportions in Complex Sample Surveys†
Authors: Franco Carolina , Little Roderick J A , Louis Thomas A , Slud Eric V 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe most widespread method of computing confidence intervals (CIs) in complex surveys is to add and subtract the margin of error (MOE) from the point estimate, where the MOE is the estimated standard error multiplied by the suitable Gaussian quantile. This Wald-type interval is used by the American Community Survey (ACS), the largest US household sample survey. For inferences on small proportions with moderate sample sizes, this method often results in marked under-coverage and lower CI endpoint less than 0. We assess via simulation the coverage and width, in complex sample surveys, of seven alternatives to the Wald interval for a binomial proportion with sample size replaced by the ‘effective sample size,’ that is, the sample size divided by the design effect. Building on previous work by the present authors, our simulations address the impact of clustering, stratification, different stratum sampling fractions, and stratum-specific proportions. We show that all intervals undercover when there is clustering and design effects are computed from a simple design-based estimator of sampling variance. Coverage can be better calibrated for the alternatives to Wald by improving estimation of the effective sample size through superpopulation modeling. This approach is more effective in our simulations than previously proposed modifications of effective sample size. We recommend intervals of the Wilson or Bayes uniform prior form, with the Jeffreys prior interval not far behind.
Using a social marketing approach to develop Healthy Me, Healthy We: a nutrition and physical activity intervention in early care and education
Authors: Vaughn Amber E , Bartlett Rachel , Luecking Courtney T , Hennink-Kaminski Heidi , Ward Dianne S 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough social marketing principles have been successfully employed in school-based interventions to prevent obesity, use in early care and education (ECE) settings has been limited. This paper describes the use of the social marketing approach to develop an ECE-based intervention that encourages an ECE provider–parent partnership to improve the quality of preschool children’s diets and their level of physical activity. A six-step social marketing approach for public health interventions guided the development of this ECE-based intervention. These steps were as follows: (i) initial planning, (ii) formative research, (iii) strategy development, (iv) program development, (v) implementation, and (vi) monitoring and evaluation. During this process, we reviewed current literature, conducted focus groups with ECE providers and parents, developed a detailed conceptual model and content map, created and tested the campaign concept, and developed final campaign materials along with strategies for its implementation. The final intervention resulting from this process was an 8-month campaign known as Healthy Me, Healthy We. The campaign is delivered by the child care center and includes branded materials for use in the classroom and at home. The final campaign is being evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial. Healthy Me, Healthy We offers an innovative approach to promoting healthy eating and physical activity during early childhood, a key developmental period, that leverages partnership between ECE providers and parents to affect behavior change.
Nonnutritive Sucking at the Mother's Breast Facilitates Oral Feeding Skills in Premature Infants
Authors: John Hima B. , Suraj Charis , Padankatti Sanjeev M. , Sebastian Tunny , Rajapandian Earnest 
Published: August 2018

Background
Premature infants have difficulties in transitioning from gavage to breastfeeding. Targeted interventions to support breastfeeding in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are scarce.

Purpose:
This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of nonnutritive sucking at the mother's breast in premature infants to facilitate breastfeeding performance and exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods:
The study design constituted a single-blinded randomized control trial, with 9 participants randomly allocated into experimental (n = 4) and control (n = 5) groups. The intervention, nonnutritive sucking at the mother's breast thrice a day for 5 minutes, till nutritive breastfeeding was started, was done in addition to standard care, which was nonnutritive sucking on a finger during gavage feeds. The control group received only standard care. Nonnutritive sucking was assessed using “Stages of Nonnutritive Sucking Scale,” and breastfeeding performance was assessed using the “Preterm Infant Breastfeeding Behavior Scale” by a blinded assessor unaware of the infants' allocation.

Results:
Five infants in the control arm and 4 in the intervention arm completed the study. The infants in the intervention group showed faster transition to mature stages of nonnutritive sucking (P = .05) and had longer sucking bursts during breastfeeding (P = .06) than those in the control group. There was no difference in the rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months in the intervention and control groups.

Implications for Practice:
Early initiation of nonnutritive sucking at the mother's breast in very preterm infants is a safe and effective intervention to facilitate maturation of oral feeding and breastfeeding behavior.

Implications for Research:
Nonnutritive sucking at the mother's breast can be explored as an intervention, with a larger sample, to facilitate exclusive breastfeeding and to establish intervention fidelity.
Perspectives of immunotherapy in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant gliomas
Authors: Friedrich Mirco , Bunse Lukas , Wick Wolfgang , Platten Michael 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The present review introduces recent progress in eliciting the role of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in gliomas, especially regarding its mode of action as a modulator of antitumor immune response, and provides rationales for targeting mutant IDH in glioma immunotherapy. Both the development of small molecule inhibitors repressing the enzymatic activity of mutant IDH and novel, mechanism-led combination immunotherapies are discussed.

Recent findings
Since the discovery of highly frequent IDH mutations in low-grade gliomas and nonsolid malignancies, its tumor cell-intrinsic effects have been intensively investigated. Tumor cells expressing mutant IDH display profound alterations of redox control capacity, phospholipid profile, and ATP supply. Recent findings suggest that IDH mutations – via intricate, yet druggable pathways – cause immunological alterations, highlighting the importance of oncogenic drivers as modulators of antitumor immunity and targets for immunotherapy.

Summary
Mutant IDH is not only a disease-defining biomarker and oncogenic driver in glioma, but is also a neoantigen and a regulator of glioma immune evasion. Effective and specific strategies targeting the immunomodulatory properties of mutant IDH may complement current (immuno-)therapeutic strategies and approved antiglioma treatments to improve outcome.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Augments Subcision in Atrophic Acne Scars: A Split-Face Comparative Study
Authors: Deshmukh Nitika S. , Belgaumkar Vasudha A. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND
Acne has a prevalence of 90% among adolescents. Facial scarring affects 75% of patients. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a novel treatment option for acne scar management and can be used as an adjuvant to acne scar revision procedures. Owing to its remodeling properties, PRP when used as an adjuvant reduces the total number of sittings.

OBJECTIVE
To compare efficacy of autologous PRP and subcision against subcision alone in acne scars.

METHODOLOGY
It was an experimental analytical study conducted over a period of 2 years. Forty patients successfully completed the trial. It was a split-face study in which the right side of the face was the study side where autologous PRP was injected into each scar after performing subcision. The left side of the face was the control side where only subcision was performed. Digital photographs were taken at every sitting. Analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Mann–Whitney tests in SPSS software.

RESULTS
Platelet-rich plasma and subcision showed greater improvement (32.08%) in postacne scars as compared to subcision alone (8.33%). Rolling acne scars responded greatest (39.27%) followed by box-type scars (33.88%).

CONCLUSION
Platelet-rich plasma and subcision act synergistically to improve the appearance of acne scars.
A Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of Lithium Versus Quetiapine Immediate Release Monotherapy in Patients With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Gao Keming , Goto Toyomi , Yuan Chengmei , Brownrigg Brittany , Conroy Carla , Chan Philip K. , Serrano Mary Beth , Ganocy Stephen J. , Fang Fang , Calabrese Joseph R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lithium versus quetiapine immediate release (IR) monotherapy in patients with bipolar I, II, or subthreshold bipolar disorder at any phase.

Methods
Eligible patients were randomized to lithium or quetiapine IR for 16 weeks. The difference in the time to discontinuation from study due to “all causes” between lithium and quetiapine IR groups and changes from baseline to 8 and 16 weeks in depression, mania, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), metabolic profiles, and proinflammatory markers were compared.

Results
Of the 42 patients randomized to lithium (n = 18) and quetiapine IR (n = 24), the median time to discontinuation due to “all causes” was 6 weeks (95% confidence interval, 2–12 weeks) in the lithium group and 8 weeks (95% confidence interval, 6 weeks to not calculable) in the quetiapine IR group. The mean time to discontinuation due to “all causes” was 7.7 ± 1.1 weeks for lithium versus 8.4 ± 0.8 weeks for quetiapine IR (P = 0.54). There was no significant difference between lithium and quetiapine IR in changes in the severity of depression, mania/hypomania, anxiety, and QOL as a whole or only in patients with depressive index episode. The decrease in total cholesterol was significantly larger with lithium than with quetiapine IR (P = 0.05) as a whole, but not only in patients with depression index episode. There was no other significant difference in changes in metabolic panels and inflammatory markers between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
The difference in effectiveness between lithium and quetiapine IR monotherapy in a real-world bipolar population was minimal. Large-sample studies are needed to support or refute this finding.
Antipsychotic Use and the Risk of Initiating Medication for Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Persons With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Orsel Kim , Taipale Heidi , Raatikainen Sami , Lampela Pasi , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Koponen Marjaana , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Gardarsdottir Helga , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Antipsychotics (APs) are known to exacerbate symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and may even cause urinary retention. The anticholinergic effects of APs and their dopamine D2- and α-receptor blockade may lead to voiding dysfunction of BPH patients. The objective of our study was to investigate whether the use of APs is associated with an increased risk of initiating medication for BPH in men with Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods
Data from the nationwide MEDALZ (MEDication use and ALZheimer's disease) cohort, including all community-dwelling persons diagnosed with AD in Finland, were utilized. Register-based data included medication dispensing, comorbidities, and hospital discharge diagnoses. Men who initiated APs (n = 4579) were 1:1 matched with men who did not initiate APs (n = 4579), according to time since AD diagnoses and age. The risk of starting BPH medication was investigated with Cox regression.

Results
Among AP users, BPH medication was initiated to 345 persons (7.5%). Antipsychotic use was not associated with risk of initiating BPH medication (comorbidity-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.15) compared with no use of APs. In addition, no risk was found when AP drug substances were analyzed separately.

Conclusions
Use of APs did not increase the risk of initiating medication for BPH in men with AD.
How to Treat Hypertension in Venlafaxine-Medicated Patients—Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Prescribing Amlodipine and Ramipril
Authors: Augustin Marc , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Gründer Gerhard , Haen Ekkehard , Paulzen Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAmlodipine (AMLO) and ramipril (RAMI) belong to the most prescribed drugs in patients with hypertension, a condition also encountered in depression. Venlafaxine may worsen hypertension because of noradrenergic properties. Although of special clinical relevance, data on pharmacokinetic interactions between AMLO, RAMI, and venlafaxine (VEN) are lacking.MethodsTwo TDM databases consisting of plasma concentrations of VEN and its active metaboliteO-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODVEN) were analyzed. We considered a group of patients comedicated with AMLO, VAMLO(n = 22); a group comedicated with RAMI, VRAMI(n = 20); and a 4:1 control group age matched to the VAMLOgroup receiving VEN without confounding medications, V0(n = 88). Plasma concentrations of VEN, ODVEN, and active moiety, AM (VEN + ODVEN); metabolic ratio (ODVEN/VEN); and dose-adjusted plasma concentrations (C/D) were compared using nonparametric tests.ResultsGroups did not differ in daily VEN dose, age, or sex. The metabolic ratio (ODVEN/VEN) was lower in the AMLO group (P= 0.029), whereas the RAMI group showed lower values for ODVEN (P= 0.029). All other parameters showed no significant differences.ConclusionsSignificantly lower values for the metabolic ratio in the AMLO group are unlikely to be explained by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and weak CYP2D6 inhibition by AMLO. Other factors such as differences in CYP2D6 polymorphisms and metabolizer status may better explain the findings. Ramipril showed modest effects with changes in ODVEN concentrations that did not remain significant after dose-adjusted comparisons.
Incidence of Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Following Initiation of Medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Mosholder Andrew D. , Taylor Lockwood , Mannheim Glenn , Ortendahl Lisa , Woodworth Tiffany S. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Stimulant abuse is associated with cardiomyopathy, but cardiomyopathy rates with therapeutic use of stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are poorly characterized. Labels for methylphenidate, amphetamine, and atomoxetine caution against use in patients with cardiovascular disease. We sought to assess the incidence of new-onset heart failure or cardiomyopathy among initiators of these medications.

Methods/Procedures
Using the Sentinel distributed database, we analyzed new-onset heart failure or cardiomyopathy among initiators of selected ADHD medications (amphetamine products including lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, and atomoxetine), by duration of use (0–90, 91–180, 181–270, 271–365, 366–730, and 731–1095 days) and age group (<22, 22–44, 45–64, and ≥65 years).

Findings/Results
In our sample of 2,012,948 initiators of ADHD medications, 44.6% were female, and 54.1% were younger than 22 years. Heart failure/cardiomyopathy rates in the age groups younger than 22 and 22 to 44 years old were less than 50 per 10,000 person-years, without clear trends by duration of use. The highest rates occurred soon after treatment initiation in the age group 65 years or older, with 1 case per 10.5 person-years of follow-up, or 950 cases per 10,000 person-years, for days 0–90.

Implications/Conclusions
Heart failure/cardiomyopathy rates were not higher over 3 years of ADHD medication use compared with shorter-term treatment. In older age groups, lower rates later in treatment could reflect depletion of patients predisposed to the outcome if they develop it soon after starting treatment.
How Do Hospitalized Adolescents Feel Safe? A Qualitative Study
Authors: JAMALIMOGHADAM Neda , YEKTATALAB Shahrzad , MOMENNASAB Marzieh , EBADI Abbas , ZARE Najaf 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
The feeling of safety makes an important contribution to the sense of well-being and quality of care for hospitalized adolescents, who are at a higher risk of feeling unsafe. Feeling unsafe during hospitalization may have a negative impact on recovery. Nurses must be sensitive to the possibility that patients feel unsafe, even in the absence of obvious direct physical threat.

Purpose:
This study explores the experiences of hospitalized adolescents to obtain an understanding of psychological safety.

Methods:
A qualitative study using unstructured interviews was conducted to explore the sense of psychological safety of hospitalized adolescents aged 12–18 years and registered in a general medical or surgical pediatric unit. Purposive sampling was used to recruit new qualified participants until data saturation was reached (N = 16).

Results:
Psychological safety is reflected by the four themes of receiving comprehensive support, protection of human dignity, relaxing environment, and attempts to adapt.

Conclusions:
Hospitalized adolescents stated that healthcare services should provide comprehensive support in a relaxing environment that allows them to retain their human dignity and that elicits feelings of psychological safety.
Emotional Intelligence Relates to NCLEX and Standardized Readiness Test
Authors: Rode Jennifer , Brown Karen 
Published: August 2018

Background
Understanding what factors contribute to NCLEX-RN success is critical to nursing programs. Emotional intelligence is one factor that warrants investigation.

Purpose
The purpose of our study was to examine emotional intelligence, measured via the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test 2.0, to 2 standardized measures of nursing student performance: the Kaplan Nursing Assessment Test (NAT) and NCLEX-RN success.

Methods
A descriptive, cohort design with 2 data collections times points (n = 53) evaluated the contribution of emotional intelligence to NAT and to NCLEX-RN success, while controlling for age.

Results
Emotional intelligence global scores were significantly related to both NAT and NCLEX-RN. Understanding emotions branch was a significant predictor of NAT. Perceiving emotions and understanding emotions branches were both significant predictors of NCLEX-RN.

Conclusions
Results suggest that enhancing nursing curriculum to include training in perceiving and understanding emotions may be beneficial in augmenting student success.
The Impact of Upper Face Botulinum Toxin Injections on Eyebrow Height and Forehead Lines: A Randomized Controlled Trial and an Algorithmic Approach to Forehead Injection
Authors: Jabbour Samer F. , Awaida Cyril J. , ElKhoury Joseph S. , Rayess Youssef A. , Makhoul Rani B. , Kechichian Elio G. , Nasr Marwan W. 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
No previous study has objectively evaluated the effect of different forehead injection patterns on the eyebrow height and forehead lines. The patients were divided into three groups. Botulinum toxin was injected into both the lateral and medial eyebrow depressors in all groups. The frontalis was injected using either a V-pattern (group 1), a middle horizontal pattern (group 2), or a high horizontal pattern (group 3). Objective eyebrow measurements were performed using standardized preinjection and postinjection photographs. Validated photonumeric scales were used to assess the forehead lines. Fifteen patients (30 eyebrows) were included in each group. In all of the groups, 2 weeks after injection, the brow was lower at all the measured positions, with the exception of the lateral brow edge, which was higher in the three injection patterns. No difference was found when comparing group 1 to groups 2 and 3. The middle forehead injection pattern lowered the eyebrow more than the upper forehead injection pattern. The three techniques improved the forehead lines at rest and with contraction. The forehead lines with contraction were more improved in group 1 compared with both groups 2 and 3. Each forehead injection pattern yielded different results on forehead lines and eyebrow position. Upper forehead injections were less effective on forehead lines but prevented eyebrow ptosis.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
The Feasibility Determination of Risky Severe Complications of Arterial Vasculature Regarding the Filler Injection Sites at the Tear Trough
Authors: Jitaree Benrita , Phumyoo Thirawass , Uruwan Sukanya , Sawatwong Worapat , McCormick Liam , Tansatit Tanvaa 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The tear trough is a significant sign of periorbital aging and has usually been corrected with filler injection. However, the arterial supply surrounding the tear trough could be inadvertently injured during injection; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nearest arterial locations related to the tear trough and investigate the possibility of severe complications following filler injection.

Methods:
Thirty hemifaces of 15 Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study.

Results:
The artery located closest to both the inferior margin (TT1) and mid-pupil level (TT2) of the tear trough was found to be the palpebral branch of the infraorbital artery. Furthermore, at 0.5 mm along the tear trough from the medial canthus (TT3), the angular artery was identified, which was found to be a branch of the ophthalmic artery. The artery at TT1 and TT2 was located beneath both the zygomaticus major and the orbicularis oculi muscles. The distances from TT1 to the artery were measured as follows: laterally, 2.79 ± 1.08 mm along the x axis; and inferiorly, 2.88 ± 1.57 mm along the y axis. For the TT2, the artery was located inferomedially from the landmark of 4.65 ± 1.83 mm along the x axis and 7.13 ± 3.99 mm along the y axis. However, the distance along the x axis at TT3 was located medially as 4.00 ± 2.37 mm.

Conclusion:
The high risk of injury to the artery at the tear trough should be considered because of the numerous arteries to this area.
Understanding Fatal Fat Embolism in Gluteal Lipoinjection: A Review of the Medical Records and Autopsy Reports of 16 Patients
Authors: Bayter-Marin Jorge Enrique , Cárdenas-Camarena Lázaro , Aguirre-Serrano Herley , Durán Héctor , Ramos-Gallardo Guillermo , Robles-Cervantes José Antonio 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Deaths secondary to gluteal lipoinjection are relatively recent events of major importance. However, little is known in relation to their behavior and clinical evolution. Therefore, an analysis was performed of case records from clinical cases that encountered this problem, correlating the results with the findings during autopsies.

Methods:
An analysis was performed of records from patients who died secondary to gluteal lipoinjection. Patient-specific data, surgical procedure, clinical picture, evolution, and outcome were analyzed. The findings of the autopsies and the involvement of other organs were also analyzed and correlated.

Results:
From 2000 to 2009, 16 files were obtained that fulfilled the indicated requirements. There were no statistically significant differences in the general characteristics of the patients, such as age, body mass index, or volume lipoinjected or liposuctioned. The clinical pictures were similar in all cases, and the autopsy findings showed the presence of microembolism in all cases and macroembolism in the most severe cases.

Conclusions:
The most significant parameter of severity in patients who undergo gluteal lipoinjection is the presence of fat in macroscopic form in the circulation. The volumes of liposuctioned or lipoinjected fat have little influence. Hypoxemia, hypotension, and bradycardia are the characteristic clinical features. Although there is no specific treatment, immediate aggressive vital support to attempt to stabilize the patient is crucial.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.