bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analyses of workers' compensation claims of injury among temporary and permanent employed workers in Ohio
Authors: Al‐Tarawneh Ibraheem S. , Wurzelbacher Steven J. , Bertke Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundA small but increasing number of studies have examined the risk of injury among temporary workers compared to that among workers in permanent employer arrangements. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of injury risk among temporary and permanent employer workers using a large dataset of workers' compensation (WC) claims of injury.MethodsOver 1.3 million accepted WC claims in Ohio during the years 2001 to 2013 were analyzed, including 45 046 claims from workers employed by temporary services agencies. General descriptive statistics, injury rates and rate ratios (temporary to permanent workers) were calculated by injury type and event, industry group, and industry manual classes.ResultsInjured temporary workers were younger and had less tenure compared to injured permanent workers. Temporary workers had higher injury rates, and lower lost‐time and medical costs. Differences in injury rates between temporary and permanent workers varied by injury event, industry, and manual class.ConclusionTemporary workers had higher overall injury rates than permanent workers, controlling for industry manual class. These differences were pronounced for certain industries and injury events. We were not able to control for age and tenure of the worker, so it is not clear how these factors affected observed results. These findings were mostly similar to those from other studies using WC data from the states of Washington and Illinois. Together, these studies provide insights to improve injury prevention among temporary workers, however, additional research is still needed to improve safety and health programming for this group of workers.
Stabilized Carbenium Ions as Latent, Z‐type Ligands
Authors: Wilkins Lewis C. , Kim Youngmin , Litle Elishua D. , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControlling the reactivity of transition metals using secondary, σ‐accepting ligands is an active area of investigation that is impacting molecular catalysis. Herein we describe the phosphine gold complexes [(o‐Ph2P(C6H4)Acr)AuCl]+ ([3]+; Acr=9‐N‐methylacridinium) and [(o‐Ph2P(C6H4)Xan)AuCl]+ ([4]+; Xan=9‐xanthylium) where the electrophilic carbenium moiety is juxtaposed with the metal atom. While only weak interactions occur between the gold atom and the carbenium moiety of these complexes, the more Lewis acidic complex [4]+ readily reacts with chloride to afford a trivalent phosphine gold dichloride derivative (7) in which the metal atom is covalently bound to the former carbocationic center. This anion‐induced AuI/AuIII oxidation is accompanied by a conversion of the Lewis acidic carbocationic center in [4]+ into an X‐type ligand in 7. We conclude that the carbenium moiety of this complex acts as a latent Z‐type ligand poised to increase the Lewis acidity of the gold center, a notion supported by the carbophilic reactivity of these complexes.
A Supramolecular Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xie Jin , Li Bo‐Quan , Song Yun‐Wei , Peng Hong‐Jie , Zhang Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium‐metal batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage systems, but they suffer from safety and stability problems owing to unstable liquid electrolytes. To solidify the electrolyte is an effective strategy to promote the strength and stability of the electrolyte‐electrode interfaces. However, solidified electrolytes are commonly inferior in bulk and interfacial ion conductivity, rendering unsatisfactory battery performances. Herein, a novel supramolecular electrolyte with high bulk and interfacial ion conductivity is proposed for Li‐metal batteries. Supramolecular interactions with oriented assembly and moderate bonding energies endow the lithium‐ion transport with low resistance. Additional advantages of flexibility and plasticity improve the interfacial properties. Consequently, the prototype supramolecular electrolyte affords a promising bulk lithium‐ion conductivity of 2.9×10−4 S cm−1, comparable interfacial resistance of 60 Ω, and a low polarity of 152 mV at 0.2 C in LiFePO4 half‐cells at room temperature (25 °C). The supramolecular electrolyte provides not only a new family of electrolyte, but also an effective strategy to promote ion transportation and reduce the interfacial resistance of lithium‐based energy storage systems.
The efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and peripheral neuropathic pain: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wei Jiangshan , Zhu Xiangyu , Yang Guang , Shen Jun , Xie Peng , Zuo Xiaohua , Xia Lei , Han Qiu , Zhao Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough recent studies have shown that botulinum toxin‐A (BTX‐A) has a good analgesic effect on trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), the quality of evidence is low due to limited data. This meta‐analysis is used to synthesize existing evidence for the treatment of these conditions with BTX‐A.MethodsRelevant trials were accessed by using an electronic search in databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov). Data from included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of BTX‐A in treating TN and PNP were extracted for meta‐analysis.ResultsFinally, 10 RCTs (n = 391) were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled effect of BTX‐A was superior to placebo based on pain intensity (SMD = −0.48, 95% CI [−0.74, 0.23] at 1 month, SMD = −0.58, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.24] at 2 months, and SMD = −0.55, 95% CI [−0.87, −0.22] at 3 months). Number needed to treat (NNT) for 50% pain intensity reduction showed better effect of BTX‐A on TN and postherpetic neuralgia (PN). Adverse events associated with BTX‐A were similar to placebo (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [0.51, 4.87], p = .424).ConclusionPooled data from our meta‐analysis suggest that BTX‐A is efficacious and safe in treating TN and PNP. However, due to the limited sample size and heterogeneity, further larger and well‐designed RCTs are imperative to validate these findings.
Bis‐Cyclometalated Indazole Chiral‐at‐Rhodium Catalyst for Asymmetric Photoredox Cyanoalkylations
Authors: Steinlandt Philipp S. , Zuo Wei , Harms Klaus , Meggers Eric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new class of bis‐cyclometalated rhodium(III) catalysts containing two inert cyclometalated 6‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenyl‐2H‐indazole ligands and two labile acetonitriles is introduced. Single enantiomers (>99 % ee) were obtained through a chiral‐auxiliary‐mediated approach using a monofluorinated salicyloxazoline. The new chiral‐at‐metal complex is capable of catalyzing the visible‐light‐induced enantioselective α‐cyanoalkylation of 2‐acyl imidazoles in which it serves a dual function as the chiral Lewis acid catalyst for the asymmetric radical chemistry and at the same time as the photoredox catalyst for the visible‐light‐induced redox chemistry (up to 80 % yield, 4:1 d.r., and 95 % ee, 12 examples).
Fluorescent Short‐Stranded Helical Foldamers Based on L‐shaped Dibenzopyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,8]naphthyridine
Authors: Tateno Kotaro , Ono Kosuke , Kawai Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHelical structures were constructed by using π‐spacer‐bridged dimers of dibenzopyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,8]naphthyridine, which has a highly fluorescent L‐shaped π‐extended skeleton. Three dimers with biphenylene (dimer 1), phenanthrene (dimer 2), and m‐phenylene (dimer 3) spacers, as well as a fixed‐helical dimer 4 where two quinolone rings were covalently cross‐linked, were designed and prepared. 1H NMR and ROESY spectra revealed that dimers 1 and 2 adopted helical forms in solution, whereas dimer 3 did not. The helical conformation of 1 was strengthened by addition of either polar or nonpolar solvents to the chloroform solution, which suggested that π–π stacking was the main contributor to the stabilization of the helical structure. All of the dimers, including fixed‐helical dimer 4, emitted fluorescence with high quantum yields (ϕ=0.79–0.86).
Microalgae and Clean Technologies: A Review
Authors: de Souza Maiara Priscilla , Hoeltz Michele , Brittes Benitez Lisianne , Machado Ênio Leandro , de Souza Schneider Rosana de Cassia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe search for clean technologies needs to be continued to offer alternatives for achieving sustainable energy production and a sustainable economy. This concern is particularly related to the demands of both producing enough renewable energy to meet future needs and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Microalgae are recognized for several benefits they offer, and in recent years, the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the benefits resulting from microalgae cultivation, harvesting/dewatering, biomass drying, extraction, and byproduct development has stimulated research in this area. Considering the importance of microalgae and clean technologies and the increasing number of publications on these subjects, this review aims to perform bibliometric mapping of such studies from 2008 to 2018. Web of Science and Scopus databases are used to identify leading trends. Visualization of similarities viewer (VOSviewer) software is applied to analyze the interactions among keywords. The results of this study indicate an association of microalgae and clean technologies and demonstrate that LCA is one of the most common tools used for such analyses. Bibliometric mapping provides relevant data to reinforce this association and understand the main bottlenecks that must be overcome in this field for future progress to be made.
Using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 for Comprehensive and Integrative Metabolomics Data Analysis
Authors: Chong Jasmine , Wishart David S. , Xia Jianguo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetaboAnalyst (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca) is an easy‐to‐use web‐based tool suite for comprehensive metabolomic data analysis, interpretation, and integration with other omics data. Since its first release in 2009, MetaboAnalyst has evolved significantly to meet the ever‐expanding bioinformatics demands from the rapidly growing metabolomics community. In addition to providing a variety of data processing and normalization procedures, MetaboAnalyst supports a wide array of functions for statistical, functional, as well as data visualization tasks. Some of the most widely used approaches include PCA (principal component analysis), PLS‐DA (partial least squares discriminant analysis), clustering analysis and visualization, MSEA (metabolite set enrichment analysis), MetPA (metabolic pathway analysis), biomarker selection via ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis, as well as time series and power analysis. The current version of MetaboAnalyst (4.0) features a complete overhaul of the user interface and significantly expanded underlying knowledge bases (compound database, pathway libraries, and metabolite sets). Three new modules have been added to support pathway activity prediction directly from mass peaks, biomarker meta‐analysis, and network‐based multi‐omics data integration. To enable more transparent and reproducible analysis of metabolomic data, we have released a companion R package (MetaboAnalystR) to complement the web‐based application. This article provides an overview of the main functional modules and the general workflow of MetaboAnalyst 4.0, followed by 12 detailed protocols: © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Data uploading, processing, and normalizationBasic Protocol 2: Identification of significant variablesBasic Protocol 3: Multivariate exploratory data analysisBasic Protocol 4: Functional interpretation of metabolomic dataBasic Protocol 5: Biomarker analysis based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curvesBasic Protocol 6: Time‐series and two‐factor data analysisBasic Protocol 7: Sample size estimation and power analysisBasic Protocol 8: Joint pathway analysisBasic Protocol 9: MS peaks to pathway activitiesBasic Protocol 10: Biomarker meta‐analysisBasic Protocol 11: Knowledge‐based network exploration of multi‐omics dataBasic Protocol 12: MetaboAnalystR introduction
Characterization of Human Mucosal‐associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells
Authors: Souter Michael N.T. , Loh Liyen , Li Shihan , Meehan Bronwyn S. , Gherardin Nicholas A. , Godfrey Dale I. , Rossjohn Jamie , Fairlie David P. , Kedzierska Katherine , Pellicci Daniel G. , Chen Zhenjun , Kjer‐Nielsen Lars , Corbett Alexandra J. , McCluskey James , Eckle Sidonia B. G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of unconventional T cells restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–like molecule MHC‐related protein 1 (MR1). MAIT cells are found throughout the body, especially in human blood and liver. Unlike conventional T cells, which are stimulated by peptide antigens presented by MHC molecules, MAIT cells recognize metabolite antigens derived from an intermediate in the microbial biosynthesis of riboflavin. MAIT cells mediate protective immunity to infections by riboflavin‐producing microbes via the production of cytokines and cytotoxicity. The discovery of stimulating MAIT cell antigens allowed for the development of an analytical tool, the MR1 tetramer, that binds specifically to the MAIT T cell receptor (TCR) and is becoming the gold standard for identification of MAIT cells by flow cytometry. This article describes protocols to characterize the phenotype of human MAIT cells in blood and tissues by flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled human MR1 tetramers alongside antibodies specific for MAIT cell markers. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.The main protocols include:Basic Protocol 1: Determining the frequency and steady‐state surface phenotype of human MAIT cellsBasic Protocol 2: Determining the activation phenotype of human MAIT cells in bloodBasic Protocol 3: Characterizing MAIT cell TCRs using TCR‐positive reporter cell linesAlternate protocols are provided for determining the absolute number, transcription factor phenotype, and TCR usage of human MAIT cells; and determining activation phenotype by staining for intracellular markers, measuring secreted cytokines, and measuring fluorescent dye dilution due to proliferation. Additional methods are provided for determining the capacity of MAIT cells to produce cytokine independently of antigen using plate‐bound or bead‐immobilized CD3/CD28 stimulation; and determining the MR1‐Ag dependence of MAIT cell activation using MR1‐blocking antibody or competitive inhibition. For TCR‐positive reporter cell lines, methods are also provided for evaluating the MAIT TCR‐mediated MR1‐Ag response, determining the capacity of the reporter lines to produce cytokine independently of antigen, determining the MR1‐Ag dependence of the reporter lines, and evaluating the MR1‐Ag response of the reporter lines using IL‐2 secretion.Support Protocols describe the preparation of PBMCs from human blood, the preparation of single‐cell suspensions from tissue, the isolation of MAIT cells by FACS and MACS, cloning MAIT TCRα and β chain genes and MR1 genes for transduction, generating stably and transiently transfected cells lines, generating a stable MR1 knockout antigen‐presenting cell line, and generating monocyte‐derived dendritic cells.
Nonrandomized Real‐World Evidence to Support Regulatory Decision Making: Process for a Randomized Trial Replication Project
Authors: Franklin Jessica M. , Pawar Ajinkya , Martin David , Glynn Robert J. , Levenson Mark , Temple Robert , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

Recent legislation mandates that the US Food and Drug Administration issue guidance regarding when real‐world evidence (RWE) could be used to support regulatory decision making. Although RWE could come from randomized or nonrandomized designs, there are significant concerns about the validity of RWE assessing medication effectiveness based on nonrandomized designs. We propose an initiative using healthcare claims data to assess the ability of nonrandomized RWE to provide results that are comparable with those from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We selected 40 RCTs, and we estimate that approximately 30 attempted replications will be completed after feasibility analyses. We designed an implementation process to ensure that each attempted replication is consistent, transparent, and reproducible. This initiative is the first to systematically evaluate the ability of nonrandomized RWE to replicate multiple RCTs using a structured process. Results from this study should provide insight on the strengths and limitations of using nonrandomized RWE from claims for regulatory decision making.
A Mechanism Investigation of how the Alloying Effect Improves the Photocatalytic Nitrate Reduction Activity of Bismuth Oxyhalide Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Liyan , Guo Sheng‐qi , Chen Yantao , Pan Meilan , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yuan Zhi‐hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlloyed bismuth oxyhalides have been widely used in photocatalytic water treatment processes due to their superior photocatalytic activity. However, there is no report on the removal of NO3− for alloyed bismuth oxyhalides, and the mechanism of the effect of alloying on NO3− reduction activity is still unclear. In this work, we prepared a series of BiOClnBr1‐n (0≤n≤1) with different Cl/Br ratios but with controlled similar morphologies, and explored their catalytic activities on reducing NO3− under visible light irradiation. Density functional theory investigations revealed that the formation energy for an oxygen (O) vacancy on the surface of BiOClnBr1‐n alloys is clearly reduced in comparison with the monohalide, illustrating that more O vacancies can be produced on the surface of BiOClnBr1‐n alloys. A high concentration of O vacancies not only promotes the adsorption of NO3− but also enhances the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron‐hole (e–h) pairs, with both being beneficial to enhance the photocatalytic activity of BiOClnBr1‐n alloys for NO3− reduction. These new discoveries not only promote the design and development of new photocatalysts with excellent NO3− reduction properties, but also help to understand the relationship between alloying effects and semiconductor photocatalytic properties.
Reported Participation Benefits in International HIV Prevention Research with People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Sugarman Jeremy , Trumble Ilana , Hamilton Erica , Sarasvita Riza , Dumchev Kostyantyn , Viet Ha , Hoffman Irving , Miller William , Hanscom Brett 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGiven ethical concerns about research involving people who inject drugs and those affected by HIV, identifying potential participation benefits is important. We evaluated participant‐reported benefits in a trial conducted in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam that assessed an intervention combining psychosocial counseling and referral for antiretroviral therapy and substance use treatment for HIV‐infected people who use drugs. Reported benefits were aggregated into three groups: clinical (antiretroviral therapy, reduced cravings, reduced drug use, lab testing, medical referral, mental health, physical health), social (employment, financial, relationships, reduced stigma), and general (gained knowledge, life improvement). Overall, 438 index participants (90.5%) and 642 injection partners (83.1%) reported at least one benefit. Significantly more index participants who received the study intervention reported at least one benefit versus those who received the standard of care. Clinical trial participation can provide broad direct and indirect benefits for stigmatized populations, which has implications for assessing the ethical appropriateness of studies with such populations.
Randomization Among: The Other Randomization
Authors: Barnbaum Deborah R. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA valid informed consent process for a randomized controlled trial requires the disclosure to potential participants that they will be randomized to receive the study intervention or a control intervention. This is a case of randomizationwithina trial, a type of randomization that has received significant attention in research ethics. When institutions recruit large numbers of research participants for multisite clinical trials, a different, hidden form of randomization may occur: randomizationamongclinical trials. If it is essential to disclose to potential participants randomizationwithina clinical trial, then it may be the case that randomizationamongclinical trials recruiting individuals from the same cohort of eligible participants should also be disclosed. This article examines how randomization among clinical trials might take place and the ethical issues such randomization raises about informed consent to research participation.
The cresting wave: larval settlement and ocean temperatures predict change in the American lobster harvest
Authors: Oppenheim Noah G. , Wahle Richard A. , Brady Damian C. , Goode Andrew G. , Pershing Andrew J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdding to the challenge of predicting fishery recruitment in a changing environment is downscaling predictions to capture locally divergent trends over a species’ range. In recent decades, the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery has shifted poleward along the northwest Atlantic coast, one of the most rapidly warming regions of the world's oceans. Building on evidence that early post‐settlement life stages predict future fishery recruitment, we describe enhancements to a forecasting model that predict landings using an annual larval settlement index from 62 fixed sites among 10 study areas from Rhode Island, USA to New Brunswick, Canada. The model is novel because it incorporates local bottom temperature and disease prevalence to scale spatial and temporal changes in growth and mortality. For nine of these areas, adding environmental predictors significantly improved model performance, capturing a landings surge in the eastern Gulf of Maine, and collapse in southern New England. On the strength of these analyses, we project landings within the next decade to decline to near historical levels in the Gulf of Maine and no recovery in the south. This approach is timely as downscaled ocean temperature projections enable decision makers to assess their options under future climate scenarios at finer spatial scales.