bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Performances of PVK/ZnO Nanorods/Graphene Heterostructure UV Photodetector via Piezo‐Phototronic Interface Engineering
Authors: Zhang Xinglai , Zhang Jian , Leng Bing , Li Jing , Ma Zongyi , Yang Wenjin , Liu Fei , Liu Baodan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe piezo‐phototronic effect can effectively engineer the energy band structure at the local interface of piezo‐semiconductor junction, and thus improve the performance of optoelectronics. In this work, a high‐performance poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/ZnO nanorods/graphene heterostructure photodetector is designed and fabricated using a multi‐step process. By introducing a −1.093% compressive strain to the hybrid heterostructure, carrier‐dynamics modulation at the local junctions can be induced by the piezoelectric polarization, and the photoresponsivity and the specific detectivity of the photodetector can be enhanced ≈440% and ≈132% under UV light illumination with the peak values up to 80.6 A W−1 and 2.3 × 1011 Jones, respectively. The photoresponse enhancement is attributed to the piezopotential generated at PVK/ZnO and ZnO/graphene interfaces, which promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. Physical working mechanism behind the observed results is discussed via energy band diagram. This work not only presents a new way to achieve the higher performance in photodetectors by fully utilizing piezo‐phototronic interface engineering but also provides a deep understanding of piezo‐phototronic effect on optoelectronic devices.
Prevalence of unsuspected abnormal echocardiograms in adolescents with down syndrome
Authors: Clauss Sarah B. , Gidding Samuel S. , Cochrane Claire I. , Walega Rachel , Zemel Babette S. , Pipan Mary E. , Magge Sheela N. , Kelly Andrea , Cohen Meryl S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of cardiac disease previously undiagnosed in healthy asymptomatic children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Subjects with DS ages 10–20 years were recruited from two sites, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA) and Children's National Health System (Washington, DC) for a cross‐sectional study of body composition and cardiometabolic risk. Echocardiographic and clinical data were collected from patients enrolled in the parent study of cardiometabolic risk. Nine (6%) new cardiac diagnoses were identified out of 149 eligible patients. All new findings resulted in outpatient referrals to pediatric cardiology. Current guidelines recommend screening all newborns with DS for congenital heart disease. Older patients with DS may benefit from rescreening.
Prevalence and characterization of chronic rhinosinusitis in patients with non‒cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at a tertiary care center in the United States
Authors: Somani Shaan N. , Kwah Jason H. , Yeh Chen , Conley David B. , Grammer Leslie C. , Kern Robert C. , Prickett Michelle , Schleimer Robert P. , Smith Stephanie S. , Stevens Whitney W. , Tan Bruce K. , Welch Kevin C. , Peters Anju T. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with bronchiectasis; however, this relationship has not been well studied in the United States (US) population. In this work we aimed to determine the prevalence of CRS among patients with bronchiectasis affiliated with a US tertiary medical center and identify which comorbid diseases are associated with the presence of CRS in patients with bronchiectasis.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in which data were obtained from a large database warehouse at a tertiary care center. Patients with bronchiectasis were identified from 2007 to 2017 using diagnosis codes from the the ninth and tenth revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9/10) and confirmed by radiographic evidence of bronchiectasis on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Patients were divided into cohorts based on presence or absence of concomitant CRS. Characteristics analyzed included demographics, comorbidities, peripheral eosinophil counts, and pulmonary function testing.ResultsCRS was present in 45% (408 of 900) of patients with bronchiectasis. Females represented a majority of bronchiectasis patients, both with and without CRS (69% and 64%, respectively, p = 0.09). After controlling for demographic factors, asthma (p < 0.01), allergic rhinitis (p < 0.01), gastroesophageal reflux disease (p < 0.01), and antibody deficiency (p < 0.01) were associated with the presence of CRS in patients with bronchiectasis.ConclusionCRS had a high prevalence and was associated with numerous comorbid conditions in patients with bronchiectasis. These findings have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and future research.
Die Projektgeschichte des Hochmoselübergangs aus Sicht der Verwaltung
Authors: Bartnick Hans‐Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDer Hochmoselübergang im Zuge der B 50 neu ist ein großräumiger Lückenschluss im Bundesfernstraßenbau. Es handelt sich um eines der wichtigsten Straßenbauvorhaben in Rheinland‐Pfalz. Herzstück ist die 1,7 km lange und rd. 160 m hohe Hochmoselbrücke. Die Planungsgeschichte reicht nahezu ein halbes Jh. zurück. Ab dem Bedarfsplan 1993 steht das Projekt im vordringlichen Bedarf. Die beiden Planfeststellungsbeschlüsse aus dem Jahr 2000 wurden beklagt. Ein Reparaturverfahren wurde erforderlich. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht (BVerwG) gab 2008 endgültig grünes Licht. Das Land Rheinland‐Pfalz wirkt in allen Phasen als Auftragsverwaltung. Der Landesbetrieb Mobilität (LBM) begleitet das Projekt kontinuierlich mit den unterschiedlichsten Aufgaben. Mit der Freigabe im Nov. 2019 kann der Verkehr die Strecke endlich nutzen.
Zur Druckfestigkeit und Drucksteifigkeit des infolge Querzugs gerissenen ultrahochfesten Betons
Authors: Leutbecher Torsten 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuerzug und Rissbildung führen bei Stahlbeton allgemein zu einer Verminderung der Druckfestigkeit. In Biaxialversuchen an bewehrten Scheiben konnte dies auch für ultrahochfesten Beton (UHFB) bestätigt werden. Dabei ist die Reduzierung der Druckfestigkeit für Feinkorn‐UHFB bereits bei kleinen Querzugdehnungen deutlich ausgeprägt. Neben der Druckfestigkeit ist auch die Drucksteifigkeit von einer Abminderung infolge Querzugs und Rissbildung betroffen. Dies lässt sich an UHFB aufgrund seines weitgehend linear elastischen Verhaltens unter Druckbeanspruchung sehr gut nachvollziehen. Durch Zugabe von Stahlfasern verringert sich die Abminderung der Druckfestigkeit sowie der Drucksteifigkeit. Insgesamt fällt die Abminderung der Druckfestigkeit sowohl für faserfreien stabstahlbewehrten UHFB als auch für mit einer Kombination aus Stabstahl und Stahlfasern bewehrten UHFB kaum größer aus als für normalfesten Stahlbeton bzw. normalfesten stahlfaserverstärkten Stahlbeton. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse erlauben die Formulierung eines Materialmodells für den infolge Querzugs gerissenen, druckbeanspruchten UHFB.
Glucorticoid‐induced obesity individuals have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome
Authors: Qiu Dongxu , Xia Zhiwei , Deng Jun , Jiao Xiao , Liu Lanzhi , Li Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe human intestine and its resident microbiota are known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of primary obesity. However, a little is known of the gut microbiota profiles in individuals with obesity induced by glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Here, we recruited 28 people with GC‐induced obesity and 27 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls, whose feces have been collected separately, to delineate the gut microbial characteristics in GC‐induced obesity individuals. High‐throughput Illumina sequencing targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene has been applied to analyze the structure of the intestinal microbiome. Gas chromatography was also used to measure levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a subset of key gut microbial metabolites mainly produced by Bacteroidetes. We found dramatically decreased gut microbial diversity in individuals with GC‐induced obesity. In addition, the bacterial communities of the GC‐induced obesity group were enriched in Firmicutes (e.g., genus Streptococcus) and depleted in Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, SCFA content was decreased in GC‐induced obesity status. Overall, this study conducted a case–control study with 55 participants in which we analyzed gut microbiota to develop intestinal microbial profiles of patients undergoing long‐term treatment with GCs. Concomitantly, the level of SCFAs was also detected in those study participants.
Association between abdominal hernia and the risk of subsequent dementia
Authors: Hung Kuo‐Chuan , Sun Cheuk‐Kwan , Chen Jen‐Yin , Wang Hsiang‐Chi , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and hernia formation. This retrospective cohort study was designed to assess whether there is an association between hernia and the risk of dementia.Materials and MethodsPatients (≥45 years) with hernias were identified between 2000 and 2008 from a longitudinal claims data of one million beneficiaries from Taiwan's National Health Insurance program. A control group of patients with comparable distributions of sex, age, socioeconomic status, urbanization, and medical comorbidities without hernia were chosen for matching in a ratio of 1:1. Patients previously diagnosed with dementia were excluded. Follow‐up ended on December 31, 2013. Incidence rate of dementia was compared between patients with hernias and those without. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazards relative to those of the control group.ResultsAfter matching, there were 4,784 hernia and 4,784 nonhernia patients. Hernia patients showed a higher incidence rate and hazard ratio of dementia than those in nonhernia group (8.82 vs. 7.19/1,000 person‐years; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45; p < .01). Advanced age (p < .0001), hypertension (p = .0139), head injury (p = .0003), and stroke (p = .041) were found to be risk factors for dementia, while patients with high socioeconomic status (p < .01) and history of coronary artery disease (p = .0292) were unlikely to develop dementia in our cohort study.ConclusionPatients with hernias were associated with a higher incidence of dementia than those without. Our finding should be validated in further prospective studies with larger samples.
Delayed sclerosing granulomatous reaction to dermal filler injection of poly‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate suspended in hyaluronic acid: Histochemical and confocal laser scanning microscopical analysis
Authors: Capodiferro Saverio , Sportelli Pasquale , Limongelli Luisa , Dell’Olio Fabio , Tempesta Angela , Favia Gianfranco , Maiorano Eugenio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRe‐absorbable dermal fillers of poly‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate suspended in hyaluronic acid are considered overall safe and well tolerable because of biocompatibility; nevertheless, rarely, late, or early adverse reactions may occur.
Readability and quality of online eating disorder information—Are they sufficient? A systematic review evaluating websites on anorexia nervosa using DISCERN and Flesch Readability
Authors: Arts Hanne , Lemetyinen Henna , Edge Dawn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the quality and readability of United Kingdom‐based websites on anorexia nervosa.MethodFirst‐page search results of three search engines (with search term “anorexia nervosa”) were consulted. Websites were excluded if they were pro‐ana, duplications, advertisements, Wikipedia, nonwritten/video, invalid addresses, non‐English, book links, articles/news pages, and discussion forums. Fifteen websites were evaluated on information quality using DISCERN, and on readability using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) Scale. Spearman's correlations between quality and readability were calculated.ResultsDISCERN‐scores ranged from 34 to 71 (M = 49.27, SD = 9.16), representing “fair” information quality. FRE‐scores ranged from 28 to 64 (M = 42.7, SD = 13.43), representing “difficult” readability. The Royal College of Psychiatrists website (https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/) received the only “excellent” quality rating and was the only website that met the recommended reading level. The other websites' quality varied, and their reading levels ranged from fairly to very difficult.ConclusionWebsite quality scores varied. Oftentimes, information about treatment risks and benefits was lacking, and texts were too complex. Website quality seals could prove beneficial, and web developers should use quality and readability measures to ensure information accessibility. Future research should utilize DISCERN and FRE to evaluate quality and readability of websites pertaining to other eating disorders too.Video abstract: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9DKS7qISSA&feature=youtu.be
Meta‐analytic and functional connectivity evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging for an anterior to posterior gradient of function along the hippocampal axis
Authors: Grady Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is considerable evidence from non‐human animal studies that the anterior and posterior regions of the hippocampus have different anatomical connections and support different behavioural functions. Although there are some recent human studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that have addressed this idea directly in the memory and spatial processing domains and provided support for it, there has been no broader meta‐analysis of the fMRI literature to determine if there is consistent evidence for functional dissociations in anterior and posterior hippocampus across all of the different cognitive domains in which the hippocampus participates. The purpose of this review is to address this gap in our knowledge using three approaches. One approach involved PubMed searches to identify relevant fMRI papers reporting hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval, semantic retrieval, working memory, spatial navigation, simulation/scene construction, transitive inference, and social cognition tasks. The second was to use a large meta‐analytic database (neurosynth) to find text terms and coactivation maps associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions identified in the literature search. The third approach was to contrast the resting‐state functional connectivity of the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions using a publicly available database that includes a large sample of adults. These three approaches provided converging evidence that not only are cognitive processes differently distributed along the hippocampal axis, but there also are distinct areas coactivated and functionally connected with the anterior and posterior segments. This anterior/posterior distinction involving multiple cognitive domains is consistent with the animal literature and provides strong support from fMRI for the idea of functional dissociations across the long axis of the hippocampus.
Multi‐Site Incorporation of Nonstandard Amino Acids into Protein‐Based Biomaterials
Authors: Israeli Bar , Vaserman Livne , Amiram Miriam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability of natural biomaterials to shape, support, and orchestrate function inspires our efforts to produce functional materials. Guided by protein‐based biomaterials, template‐directed incorporation of synthetic building blocks, such as nonstandard amino acids (nsAAs), can expand the functions of biomaterials by endowing them with new physical and biophysical properties. In this short review, we describe existing technologies for multi‐site nsAA incorporation into proteins. We then discuss examples of the application of this technology for engineering new functions in artificial biopolymers, for creating bio‐inspired adhesives, and for improving the stability of biomaterials. We conclude by briefly discussing recent advances in synthetic biology that have the potential to expand our ability to design protein‐based biomaterials composed of numerous and increasingly exotic nonstandard monomers.
Preparation, physicochemical and preservation properties of Ti/ZnO/in situ SiOx chitosan composite coatings
Authors: Wei Xuqing , Li Qiuying , Hao Han , Yang Hua , Li Yingchang , Sun Tong , Li Xuepeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong nanomaterials, Ti and ZnO nanoparticles are often chosen as preservation materials because of their antibacterial properties. Chitosan, as a natural biopolymer, has potential because of its abundance, compatibility and antibacterial properties. To improve the physicochemical and preservation properties of in situ SiOx chitosan (CS) composite coating, Ti/ZnO/SiOx CS composite coatings were prepared with Ti‐doped ZnO (Ti/ZnO) nanorods and nanoballs. The composite coating structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and their physicochemical and preservation properties were determined simultaneously.RESULTSThe results show that the Ti/ZnO nanoparticles are beneficial to homogeneous dispersion of in situ synthesized nano SiOx in the CS coating, and that Ti/ZnO nanoballs have better dispersion than Ti/ZnO nanorods. Moreover, strong hydrogen bonds are formed among Ti/ZnO nanoparticles and in situ synthesized nano SiOx and CS molecules, and the primary structure of CS is disorganized. Thereby, the gas permeabilities and mechanical properties of the CS coatings are improved due to modification of Ti/ZnO nanoparticles, and the Ti/ZnO nanoballs/SiOx CS composite coating is optimal. The preservation properties of the CS coatings on Sciaenops ocellatus are significantly improved, and those of Ti/ZnO/in situ SiOx CS composite coatings are superior.CONCLUSIONThe preservation properties of the CS composite coatings on S. ocellatus are significant, and the Ti/ZnO nanoballs/SiOx CS composite coating is even better. Therefore, the co‐modification method of in situ nanoparticles and antibacterial nanoparticles may be a promising method to improve the preservation properties of CS coatings. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Atmospheric stilling offsets the benefits from reduced nutrient loading in a large shallow lake
Authors: Janatian Nasime , Olli Kalle , Cremona Fabien , Laas Alo , Nõges Peeter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs part of a global phenomenon, a 30% decrease in average wind speed since 1996 in southern Estonia together with more frequent easterly winds resulted in 47% decrease in bottom shear stress in the large (270 km2), shallow (mean depth 2.8 m), and eutrophic Lake Võrtsjärv. Following a peak in eutrophication pressure in the 1970s–80s, the concentrations of total nutrients were declining. Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination of a 54‐year phytoplankton community composition time‐series (1964–2017) revealed three distinct periods with breaking points coinciding with changes in wind and/or water level. Contrary to expectations, we detected no decrease in optically active substances that could be related to wind stilling, whereas phytoplankton biomass showed an increasing trend despite reduced nutrient levels. Here we show how opening of the “light niche,” caused by declining amount of suspended sediments, was capitalized and filled by the light‐limited phytoplankton community. We suggest that wind stilling is another global factor, complementary to climate warming that counteracts eutrophication mitigation in lakes and may provide a challenge to assessment of the lake ecological status.
Nonstandard characterisations of tensor products and monads in the theory of ultrafilters
Authors: Luperi Baglini Lorenzo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use nonstandard methods, based on iterated hyperextensions, to develop applications to Ramsey theory of the theory of monads of ultrafilters. This is performed by studying in detail arbitrary tensor products of ultrafilters, as well as by characterising their combinatorial properties by means of their monads. This extends to arbitrary sets and properties methods previously used to study partition regular Diophantine equations on . Several applications are described by means of multiple examples.
Optimum selection of novel developed implant material using hybrid entropy‐PROMETHEE approach
Authors: Aherwar A. , Singh T. , Singh A. , Patnaik A. , Fekete G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOptimum selection of appropriate biomaterial with unlike properties for the femoral head material is one of the toughest tasks. Therefore, in this article, a series of implant materials for the femoral head by vacuum casting induction furnace containing cobalt‐30chromium (Co‐30Cr) as a base material and three alloying elements (i. e. molybdenum, nickel and tungsten) were developed and evaluated for physical, mechanical and tribological properties. Density, hardness, compressive strength, coefficient of friction and volumetric wear were considered as material selection criterions. The weight of each criterion has been determined by entropy method, while the ranking of the alternatives has been carried out by the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) method. From this ranking results, it is found that the cobalt‐30chromium‐4molybdenum‐1nickel‐2tungsten (Co‐30Cr‐4Mo‐1Ni‐2W) material at given parameters is the best implant material for the femoral head component of hip joint replacement.
Improve stress corrosion cracking resistance and mechanical properties of Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu‐Zr alloy with heterogeneous lamellae structure produced by high pressure torsion
Authors: Li P. , Wu G.S. , Yan S.L. , Zhou J.L. , Xue K.M. , Shi W.C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh pressure torsion experiment followed with heat treatment were carried out on as‐cast Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu‐Zr alloy at 400 °C under the pressure of 1 GPa. The microstructure, mechanical property and stress corrosion resistance properties for the as‐cast and high pressure torsion processed samples were studied. The results show that high pressure torsion processing can improve the mechanical property by the refinement of grains and grain boundary precipitates, as well as the homogeneous distribution of fine matrix precipitates. On the other side, the grain refinement, broken of coarse grain boundary precipitates and narrowed precipitates free zone caused by the high pressure torsion result in the improvement of stress corrosion cracking resistance. And due to the influence of heterogeneous lamellae structure, the sample after 0.5 high pressure torsion turn shows preferable mechanical property and stress corrosion cracking resistance than the sample after 2 high pressure torsion turns.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered titanium‐added copper/reduced graphene oxide composites
Authors: Zhang X. , Wu K. , Liu X. , Ge X. , Yang W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCopper matrix composites were fabricated through mixing fixed amount of reduced graphene oxide and the different amounts of titanium. The dried copper/titanium/reduced graphene oxide mixture powders were firstly obtained by the wet‐mixing process, and then the spark plasma sintering process realized their faster densification. In the as‐sintered bulk composites, the layered reduced graphene oxide network, uniform titanium particles and copper‐titanium solid solution are observed in copper matrix. Investigations on mechanical properties show that the as‐prepared bulk composites exhibit the hardness and compressive yield strength compared with single reduced graphene oxide added composites. Increased titanium addition resulted into higher hardness and strength. The relevant formation and failure mechanisms of the composites and their influence on mechanical properties were discussed.