bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM PUTUSAN PIDANA ANAK
Authors: Septianita Hesti 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRAKTulisan ini merupakan sebuah analisis terhadap Putusan Nomor 9/PID.SUS-ANAK/2016/PT.BDG, yang mengkaji sudah tepat atau tidak putusan yang dijatuhkan oleh hakim pengadilan tingkat banding tersebut dengan konsep restorative justice. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis yang menggambarkan sekaligus menganalisis pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang diambil oleh hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan. Pertimbangan yang diambil oleh hakim pengadilan tingkat banding yang menguatkan putusan hakim pada pengadilan tingkat pertama merupakan pertimbangan yang tepat di mana hakim memutus perkara dengan mempertimbangkan prinsip-prinsip restorative justice. Hakim tidak hanya mempertimbangkan upaya pemberian efek jera tetapi juga mempertimbangkan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dengan memastikan pemenuhan hak atas pendidikan dan menghindarkan anak dari risiko pengaruh buruk yang dapat berujung pada berulangnya tindak pidana, karena dalam isu anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum, pendidikan bagi semua anak tanpa memandang asal, ras, gender, kecacatan atau kemampuan dan layanan kesehatan serta advokasi harus diperhatikan. Sejumlah anak tidak sempat mengenyam pendidikan yang lengkap karena situasi penjara yang tidak memungkinkan untuk memberikan pendidikan bagi warga binaannya.Kata kunci: pidana anak, pembinaan, restorative justice. ABSTRACT This is an analysis of Court Decision Number 9/PID. SUS-ANAK/2016/PT.BDG, which examines whether the decision imposed by the appellate court judge using the restorative justice concept is appropriate. Research in the analysis use normative juridical method with analytical descriptive approach, which describes and analyzes considerations taken by judges in making decision. The consideration taken by the appellate court judge reinforcing the decision of the first-level court judges is the right consideration since the judge decides the case by taking heed to the principles of restorative justice. The judge does not only weigh on the effort to provide a deterrent effect, but also the best interests of children in conflict with the law by ensuring the fulfillment of the children’s educational rights and prevent them from the risk of bad influences that may lead to the recurrence of crime. Because in the issue of children in conflict with the law, education for all children regardless of origin, race, gender, disability or ability and health services and advocacy should be taken into account. The children are not able to get an adequate education because of the incapacity of prison conditions to provide education to their inmates. Keywords: juvenile crime, educational treatment, restorative justice.
ETIKA BISNIS E-COMMERCE BERDASARKAN MAQASHID SYARIAH PADA MARKETPLACE BUKALAPAK.COM
Authors: Wulandari Diniarti Novi , Santoso Budi , Athar Handry Sudiartha 
Published: September 2018

Islam has regulated all aspect of human life, one of them is e-commerce. During the development, the criminals also increase. This is because of a lot of violence of business ethics that is not in aware of five basics principles of life; religion, soul, descendents, logics, and wealth (maqashid sharia). The aim of this research to determine the implementation of business ethics and the implementation of maqashid sharia in Bukalapak.com. This research is using qualitative approach. To study the content, the writer analyzed the collected information through some evente registered in the websites of Bukalapak.com. The conclude this research is the implementation of business ethics have been done well as applied by Rasulullah SAW, as in maqashid sharia with four protection system has been applied to protect the rights of the customers. The recommendation of this research is that all regulation should be applied well. It is also necessary to make a board to control any transaction of e-commerce as to meet the principles of sharia and the regulation. Keywords : e-commerce, Bukalapak, business ethics, maqashid sharia
Coefficients Bounds for a General Subclasses of m-Fold Symmetric Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Galib Atshan Waggas , Ali Jiben Al-Ziadi Najah 
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we introduce and investigate a new general subclasses and of consisting of analytic and m-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk We obtain estimates on the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients and Also, we obtain new special cases for our results.
SOME RESULTS ABOUT CORETRACTABLE MODULES
Authors: Mohammed Ali Hadi Inaam , Neamah Al-aeashi Shukur 
Published: September 2018

Throughout this paper, all rings have identities and all modules are unitary right modules. Let R be a ring and M an R-module. A module M is called coretractable if for each proper submodule N of M, there exists a nonzero homomorphism f from M/N into M. Our concern in this paper is to develop basic properties of coretractable modules and to look for any relations between coretractable modules and other classes of modules.
SS-Injective Modules and Rings
Authors: Ramadan Mehdi Akeel , Salim Tayyah Adel 
Published: September 2018

We introduce and investigate SS-injectivity as a generalization of both soc-injectivity and small injectivity. A right module over a ring is said to be SS- -injective (where is a right -module) if every -homomorphism from a semisimple small submodule of into extends to . A module is said to be SS-injective (resp. strongly SS-injective), if is SS- -injective (resp. SS- -injective for every right -module ). Some characterizations and properties of (strongly) SS-injective modules and rings are given. Some results on soc-injectivity are extended to SS-injectivity.
(Quasi-)Injective Extending Gamma Modules
Authors: S. Abbas Mehdi , Abdulkadhim Al-Saadi Saad , Allawi Shallal Emad 
Published: September 2018

In this paper we introduce and study the concept of injective (Quasi-injective) extending gamma modules as a generalization of injective (Quasi-injective) gamma modules. An module is called injective (Quasi-injective) extending gamma modules if each proper submodule in is essential in injective (Quasi-injective) submodule of . The concept of injective extending gamma modules lie between injective gamma modules and quasi-injective gamma modules.
On approximation f by (Î±,Î²,Î³)-Baskakov Operators
Authors: A. AbdulSatter Hanadi 
Published: September 2018

In the present paper, we study some application properties of the approximation for the sequences and . These sequences depend on the arbitrary (but fixed) parameters and . Here, we study the effect of these parameters on tends speed of the two families of operators and and the CPU times which are occurring on the approximation by a choosing fixed .
Limit Sets and Cartan D â€“ space
Authors: Kareem Abdulla Habeeb , Jebur  Ali Haider , Talip Hussein Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

The main goal of this work is to create a general type of D â€“ space , namely, Cartan D â€“ space and a new type of limit sets , namely, limit sets , and, give some properties and some equivalent statement of these concept also we explain the relationship among the definitions Cartan D â€“ space and ,
Close-to-convex Function Generates Remarkable Solution of 2^nd order Complex Nonlinear Differential Equations
Authors: S.Alhily Shatha 
Published: September 2018

Consider the complex nonlinear differential equation where are complex coefficients, and be a complex function performs non- homogeneous term of given equation.
In this paper, we investigated that is a remarkable solution of given equation and belongs to hardy space ; with studying the growth of that solution by two ways ; through the maximum modulus and Brennanâ€™s Conjecture and another by finding the supremum function of a volume of the surface area . Furthermore, we discussed the solution behaviour with meromorphic coefficients properties for given equation.
Plant layout design and assessment consideration of cellular manufacturing system via G.A
Authors: Aiham Kadhim Alshakarchi Dhurgham , Salman  azeez Maytham 
Published: September 2018

Cellular manufacturing is a wide world and many study and researches discussed are concerning with it because of the large demand in market and wheel technology push the scientist to find tools that can stand with this fast change in demand according specific market , so that they invent the best way to deal with optimization purpose. In this research the dealing with cellular optimization in such a way that can be manageable by AI and using type of AI that named natural optimization . The applying of genetic algorithms was carried out on factory of electrical motor also all data was taken from the factory which is depend on the position and sequence of operations took place in the factory . The theory in this field were also taking in consideration and the applications was carried out . the research deals with problem in two way theoretically that can take in consideration the positions of machines inside the plant and its equations that covers with some constraints and the secondly the routing of part during product life cycle and execute results and applying it on factory configuration . There are multi solutions (results ) in the research for the problem that can achieve the flexibility , simplicity and also desired distance
New method for Increasing watermarked image quality and security
Authors: J.S. Al-janabi Rana , J.S. Al-janabi Shroouq , Hussein Toman Zinah 
Published: September 2018

Recently, information transmission is done electronically, information can be stored and manipulated easily using computer, information transferring should be done in secure way. Watermark is a technique that can be used to secure data.
In this paper, a new watermark algorithm is proposed which depends on integer wavelet transform, arithmetic encoding and adaptive run length encoding. Adaptive run length encoding is used to compress watermark before embedding process. Arithmetic encoding can be used to compress data in original image that are needed to be retrieved from watermarked images to recover original image without any differences after watermark extraction process.
To avoid the problem of traditional Run Length Encoding Technique that may produce file that is larger than original one. Adaptive run length encoding is suggested which is used to compress watermark in cover image. The adaptive compression technique can be done several times on watermark using different number of bits to represent counts of runs and produce several vectors for number of runs, compare several results and select smallest vector from them. Surely, the smallest vector means that watermarked image will be high quality image; capacity will be better and adaptively ensure embedding process will be more secure.
Prediction by using Artificial Neural Networks and Box-Jenkins methodologies: Comparison Study
Authors: Habib Al- Sharoot Mohammed , Yousif Abdoon Emaan 
Published: September 2018

The variations in exchange rate, especially the sudden unexpected increases and decreases, have significant impact on the national economy of any country. Iraq is no exception; therefore, the accurate forecasting of exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar plays an important role in the planning and decision-making processes as well as the maintenance of a stable economy in Iraq. This research aims to compare Box-Jenkins methodology to neural networks in terms of forecasting the exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar based on data provided by the Iraqi Central Bank for the period 30/01/2004 and 30/12/2014.
Based on the Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as criteria to compare the two methodologies, it was concluded that Box-Jenkins is better than neural network approach in forecasting.
Prediction by using spectral analysis and artificial neural networks methodologies: Comparison Study
Authors: Habib  Al- Sharoot Mohammed , Yousif Abdoon Emaan 
Published: September 2018

The variations in exchange rate, especially the sudden unexpected increases and decreases, have significant impact on the national economy of any country. Iraq is no exception; therefore, the accurate forecasting of exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar plays an important role in the planning and decision-making processes as well as the maintenance of a stable economy in Iraq. This research aims to compare spectral analysis methodology to artificial neural networks in terms of forecasting the exchange rate of Iraqi dinar to US dollar based on data provided by the Iraqi Central Bank for the period 30/01/2004 and 30/12/2014.
Based on the Mean Square Error (MSE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as criteria to compare the two methodologies, it was concluded that is artificial neural networks better than spectral analysis approach in forecasting.
Coefficient Estimates for Subclasses of Bi-Univalent Functions
Authors: Galib Atshan Waggas , Ali Hiress Rajaa 
Published: September 2018

In the present paper, we introduce two new subclasses of the class consisting of analytic and bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk . Also, we obtain the estimates on the Taylor-Maclurin coefficients and for functions in these subclasses. We obtain new special cases for our results.
Generalizing of Finite Difference Method for Certain Fractional Order Parabolic PDE’s
Authors: Shaltagh Yousif Madeha , Mohamed Shukur Ahmed , Hassan Ouda Eman , Kadhim Salih Raghad 
Published: September 2018

Space-time fractional differential equation with integral term (S-TFDE) has been considered.
The finite difference method (implicit and explicit) combined with the trapezoidal integration formula has been used to
find special formula to solve this equation. The stability and convergence have been discussed. The effect of adding an
integral term to the common classical equation has been considered. Graphical representation of the calculate solutions
(obtained by the explicit and the implicit methods) for three numerical examples with their exact solution, are
considered. All the calculations and graphs are designed with the help of MATLAB.
Certain Types of Complex Lie Group Action
Authors: Khalaf Radhi Ahmed , Hur Majeed Taghreed 
Published: September 2018

The main aim in this paper is to look for a novel action with new properties on from the , the Literature are concerned with studying the action of of two representations , one is usual and the other is the dual, while our interest in this work is focused on some actions on complex Lie group[10] . Let G be a matrix complex group , and is representation of In this study we will present and analytic the concepts of action of complex group on We recall the definition of tensor product of two representations of group and construct the definition of action of group on , then by using the equivalent relation between and , we get a new action : The two actions are forming smooth representation of This we have new action which called denoted by which acting on
This is smooth representation of The theoretical Justifications are developed and prove supported by some concluding remarks and illustrations.
Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer in a Tapered Asymmetric Channel During Peristaltic Transport of (Pseudoplastic Nanofluid) with Variable Viscosity Under the Effect of (MHD)
Authors: R. Salman Mohammed , M. Abdulhadi Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a study and an analysis of a heat and mass transfer during peristaltic flow for a pseudoplastic fluid in asymmetric tapered channel, and a variable viscosity dependent of a fluid temperature with exist of slip conditions through porous medium and the influence of this conditions on the velocity and pressure, where the wavelength of the peristaltic flow is a long and the Reynold number is very small. The solution of equations for the momentum and energy have been on the basis of a perturbation technique for a found the stream function, velocity, pressure gradient and temperature and also have been discussed the trapping phenomenon by the graphs.
On the NBC-Bases of product hypersolvable arrangements
Authors: Abd Ulrazaq Mayadah 
Published: September 2018

This paper aims centered around the product of hypersolvable arrangements by using the hypersolvable partition analogue by proving that each of and are hypersolvable if is a hypersolvable, also each of and are supersolvable if is supersolvable. Moreover, this paper show how to prove that the dimension of the first non-vanishing higher homotopy groups of the complement is .
Hybrid Approach to Detect Spam Emails using Preventive and Curing Techniques
Authors: Salman Ibrahim Dheyab 
Published: September 2018

A file that has to be moved between two schemes can be moved through the network. Security needed between the sender and the receiver. Electronic mails are fastest way of communication and information sharing, but in new years, Email system has been changed, which known Spam Mails. Spam is information, which is spread to a big number of receivers without telling them. Now, a number of techniques have been proposed to stop spam. Filters for anti-spam can be worked in two methods: Preventive techniques and Curing Techniques; The Preventive techniques are Stop Spam before delivery which are depend on URL Based and List Based. Such as whitelisting, blacklisting. The Curing Technique is Destination Spam Filtering that used is Content Based Filtering. The Curing Technique, the messages are categorized as Spam or not Spam based on these techniques. Such as Bayesian filtering, keyword-based ﬁltering, heuristic-based ﬁltering, etc. In this study introduce combining preventive techniques and curing techniques to get good algorithm.
Harmonic Scalpel over Electrocautery, Evaluation of Peroperative Blood Loss in Selective Neck Dissection: A Comparative Study
Authors: Agrawal Manish , Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Rahman Quazi Billur , Agrawal Atul Kumar , Agrawal Nancy Bansal 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The use of Harmonic Scalpel (HS) over Electrocautery (EC) in neck dissection has become standard of care in recent years. However, both the devices are presently widely used in practice and still serve large number of patients globally according to surgeon's choice and cost effectiveness.Objective: To evaluate the amount of peroperative blood loss in cancer patient undergoing selective neck dissection (Levels I, II and III) with Harmonic Scalpel (HS) and Electrocautery (EC).Methodology: The study was performed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Biratnagar Hospital PVT LTD and Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal from June 2012 to February 2018. A total of 40 patients, 27 male and 13 female, aged 45 to 70 years diagnosed with oral cavity cancer were included in this prospective study. Two groups were formed, 20 patients in each group based on the surgical instrument used; Harmonic Scalpel (HS) and Electrocautery (EC). Data for age and sex of the patients were collected preoperatively. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and standard protocol was maintained during surgery. Amount of peroperative blood loss was measured and recorded. Data was processed and analyzed using SPSS and was compiled and test of significance was done using unpaired't' test.Results: The amount of peroperative blood loss was significantly lower in Harmonic Scalpel (HS) group then in Electrocautery (EC) group.Conclusion: Results from this study suggests that the Harmonic Scalpel (HS) is an effective device to reduce peroperative blood loss during selective neck dissection. BJHS 2018;3(2)6: 475-479
Konzept zur Oberflächenkonditionierung beim kryogenen Hartdrehen
Authors: Hotz Hendrik , Ströer Felix , Heberger Lukas , Kirsch Benjamin , Smaga Marek , Beck Tilmann , Seewig Jörg , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung
Beim Hartdrehen führt eine kryogene Prozesskühlung gegenüber der Trockenbearbeitung zu vorteilhafteren Randschichtzuständen. Im Drehprozess auftretende Störgrößen können jedoch zu Abweichungen vom angestrebten Randschichtzustand führen. Diese unerwünschten Abweichungen können das Bauteilverhalten im Einsatz negativ beeinflussen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept vorgestellt, welches es ermöglicht, die im Drehprozess auftretenden Störgrößen zu kompensieren, um somit definierte Randschichtzustände robust einzustellen.
Cotton and Salt: Swedish Colonial Aspirations and the Transformation of Saint Barthélemy in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Weiss Holger , Hollsten Laura , Norrgård Stefan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The environmental history of the Caribbean has been strongly associated with the consequences of sugar cane agriculture and extreme weather phenomena. Consequently, other aspects of environmental change at play in the Caribbean region have remained less known. However, islands such as Anguilla, Barbuda, and Saint Barthélemy had no or very few sugar plantations. The fact that non-sugar producing islands had to find other ways of supporting themselves shaped their environmental history in ways that differed from that of the sugar islands. These alternative environmental histories deserve to be highlighted when presenting the historiography of the Caribbean. In this article, the island of Saint Barthélemy serves as a case study of an island where sugar cane agriculture was absent and tropical storms and hurricanes were of lesser consequence. In outlining the environmental history of Saint Barthélemy during the first decades of Swedish colonial rule, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the article shows that the Swedish takeover resulted in environmental changes. Sweden's ambitions and expectations concerning the improvement of the island were initially high and much effort was put into the development of the economy. The rationale for the Swedish plans was to exploit the few and scarce resources of the island, but it was the harbour that became the most successful endeavour.
A Comparison of Alpha Particle and Proton Beam Differential Flows in Collisionally Young Solar Wind
Authors: Alterman B. L. , Kasper Justin C. , Stevens Michael L. , Koval Andriy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In fast wind or when the local Coulomb collision frequency is low, observations show that solar wind minor ions and ion subpopulations flow with different bulk velocities. Measurements indicate that the drift speed of both alpha particles and proton beams with respect to the bulk or core protons rarely exceeds the local Alfvén speed, suggesting that a magnetic instability or other wave–particle processes limits their maximum drift. We compare simultaneous alpha particle, proton beam, and proton core observations from instruments on the Wind spacecraft spanning over 20 years. In nearly collisionless solar wind, we find that the normalized alpha particle drift speed is slower than the normalized proton beam speed, no correlation between fluctuations in both species’ drifts about their means, and a strong anti-correlation between collisional age and alpha–proton differential flow, but no such correlation with proton beam–core differential flow. Controlling for the collisional dependence, both species’ normalized drifts exhibit similar statistical distributions. In the asymptotic, zero Coulomb collision limit, the youngest measured differential flows most strongly correlate with an approximation of the Alfvén speed that includes proton pressure anisotropy. In this limit and with this most precise representation, alpha particles drift at 67% and proton beam drift is approximately 105% of the local Alfvén speed. We posit that one of two physical explanations is possible. Either (1) an Alfvénic process preferentially accelerates or sustains proton beams and not alphas or (2) alpha particles are more susceptible to either an instability or Coulomb drag than proton beams.