bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Friction Characteristics of Root-soil Interface of two Types of Soil
Authors: Xin Zhang , jing Liu , Jingli He , Hao Rong , Tiejun LIU , Honghui Zhu , Ruishen Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Through quick direct shearing test, friction characteristics of root-soil interface between Caragana root and two types of soil, sandy soil and silt soil, is studied. The results show that: shear properties and residual shear properties of root-soil interface between Caragana root and two types of soil are both in the line with the Mohr-coulomb theory. The root-soil interface had significant differences in friction coefficient, cohesion, and residual cohesion between sandy soil and silt soil under the same dry density and same saturation of soil. Silt soil root-soil interface friction coefficient, residual friction coefficient, cohesion and residual cohesion were 1L94%,6.69%,100.98%,46.37% more than that of silt soil. Silt root-soil interface residual friction coefficient and residual cohesion were lower than friction coefficient a1nd cohesion, sandy root-soil interface was opposite.
Theoretical Model for Prediction of Durable Life of RC Square Piles under Marine Environment
Authors: Xu Qiuhong , Shi Danda , Shao Wei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a model for predicting the durable life of reinforced concrete (RC) square piles under marine environment. Firstly, according to Fick’s first law and mass conservation law, the diffusion equation of chloride ion in RC square pile is established, and found the analytical solution of the diffusion equation; secondly, the critical rust depth of the concrete cover is generated according to Faraday’s law. Finally, the purpose of predicting the durable life of RC square piles is achieved.
Analysis of the Effect of Column-to-Beam Strength Ratio on Seismic Performance of RC Frame Structure
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zuo Zhanxuan , Gong Maosheng , Xie Lili 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Strong column-weak beam is one of the important concepts in seismic design of RC frame structure. The experience of earthquake damage shows that the structure designed according to the existing codes cannot achieve the expected failure mode of strong column-weak beam due to the effects of factors such as axial compression ratio, slab and so on. In this paper, the RC frame structures are designed with column-to-beam strength ratio of 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0, and the structural responses are obtained using Push-over analysis. The effect of column-to-beam strength ratio on failure modes of RC frame structure is studied. The results show that the existence of slab affects the yield mechanism of steel bars in beams and columns, and further affects the possible failure modes of structures. In case of considering slab, increasing column-to-beam strength ratio can effectively enhance structural seismic capacity. The failure mode of strong column and weak beam can be achieved when the column-to-beam strength ratio is 1.8.
Research on effect of ages and strength of concrete on wave speed in grouting pile integrality detection by low strain method in hydraulic engineering
Authors: Cao Min , Song Haiyang , Wu Liqiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Low strain method is the most common way to detect the integrality of piles in the hydraulic engineering since it has the advantages of simple operation and low condition for on-site test. In the detection of the integrality of concrete grouting pile via low strain method, wave speed is an important parameter to judge the integrity and length of pile. This paper studies the wave speed of cast-in-place concrete precast pile which is adapted in the engineering. Besides this, the relationship between concrete intensity and the wave speed of the body of precast pile at different ages is obtained. Via further verification, it is found that the relationship could be applied in the engineering piles, which renders a reference for wave speed at different ages in the integrity test of piles in the hydraulic engineering.
Investigation on fractal characteristics of salt rock under different tensile conditions
Authors: Zhang Qiangxing , Liu Jianfeng , Huining XU , Zeng Yin , Wang Chunping , Wang Lu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to study the characteristics of fractal dimension of salt rock and the change of its physical properties under different tensile conditions, the experiment of indoor indirect tensile, direct stretching, three-point bending and tensile pressure alternately was carried out on the pure salt rock, and the whole process was monitored by acoustic emission test system and the fracture scanning was performed after the test. The results showed that: (1) the fractal characteristics of the rock fracture roughness under different tensile conditions are related to the mechanical behavior. The higher the tensile strength, the smaller the fractal dimension of the cross section, and the smaller the roughness of the section. (2) under the four tensile conditions, the fractal dimension of the acoustic emission of salt rock shows a dimension reduction with the increase of stress and the release of energy, and the dimension reduction process is related to the mechanical characteristics of salt rock. Under the alternating stress path, the fractal feature of the acoustic emission location point of the salt rock appears more late, and the fractal dimension of the peak time is smaller than that under the direct tensile loading and unloading stress path, indicating that under the alternating stress path of tension and pressure, the internal damage of the salt rock is more aggregated; (3) the fractal dimension of the roughness and the fractal dimension of the roughness under the same tension condition. The results of acoustic emission fractal dimension calculation are highly similar.
A Fully Interactive Visualization Method for Building Condition Assessment
Authors: Banaszek Anna , Banaszek Sebastian , Cellmer Anna , Gibert Vicenc , Serrat Carles 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to introduce a tool for the accurate assessment of the technical condition of buildings. The proposed methodology is becoming an efficient strategy for the massive inspection of building stocks, in big residential areas. The authors have developed an utility based on high-performance images captured by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The flights of the UAVs have been technically protocolized in order to get the proper high-quality information about the real condition of the building. After collecting the images a 3D model is generated and orthophotos of building facades are created. The graphical information is connected with tables of attributes which allow the interactive geo-referenced management and assessment. Main requirements and advantages of this visualization technique will be presented by analyzing a particular case study. The selected example will allow the illustration of the methodology. Ongoing developments and technical details about the information system and the analysis platform connected with the visualization tool will be also reported.
Use of Prefabrication in Staircase Solutions in Multi-storey Apartment Blocks Based on Wooden Structures
Authors: Kovarova Barbora 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Structural design of the staircase is a separate issue in the design and realization of residential buildings. The design needs to be addressed in terms of static, fire safety, layout requirements and in the case of wood-based apartment buildings, also in terms of acoustics. The paper deals with the design of the staircase in terms of all the above mentioned factors. In addressing this issue, emphasis is placed not only on the design of the staircase, but also on the construction itself. The author of the solution focused precisely on the area of the prefabrication in the construction solution. The staircase is designed as a separate space cell, which is produced as part of the pre-production preparation of the building, and is then installed as a finished product. This issue is addressed within the MPO TRIO FV10075 “New technology multi-storey energy efficient buildings made of glued sandwich panels with the possibility of foundation based ground screws using the technology of prefabricated housing units” project and the staircase solution is an integral part of this project.
E-City Planning: Geospatial Data Technologies
Authors: Goncalves Olga , Virtudes Ana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of new technologies such as ICT (information and communication technologies) is already a reality in several domains of the scientific development. In this context, this paper aims to present an example of the use of ICT in the spatial planning domain at the local level. It is focused on the e-City Planning, based on the example of the municipal master plan, which is the most iconic figure of the planning system framework in Portugal. The conclusions show that the uses of e-platforms and e-City Planning instruments have several advantages, considering the geospatial data technologies. Among these advantages, there is the sharing of knowledge in between local authorities and the citizens in general, who have direct access to the spatial planning contents information, at the distance of a click. With e-City Planning tools and platforms, it is possible to update the planning strategies automatically and therefore, according to the real territory needs, opportunities, and features.
Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete with Admixture of Diatomite Powder
Authors: Pokorny Jaroslav , Zaleska Martina , Pavlikova Milena , Pavlik Zbysek 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper reports on the experimental assessment of the physical properties of fine-grained cement-based composites whose composition was enriched with admixture of diatomite powder. Diatomaceous earth, due to its origin and availability, represents highly valuable low cost material that can dispose with high pozzlanic activity. On this account, it can help to mitigate the quantity of used Portland cement, and thus enable to reduce the cost of produced cement-based composites, and accordingly decrease harmful environmental impacts of cement production, especially CO2 emission. In this work, possible use of diatomite powder as partial Portland cement replacement in concrete compoistion was studied. The cement replacement ratio was 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % by volume. Reference concrete mixture was prepared as well. The water/binder ratio was 0.5, and was kept similar for all prepared composite mixtures. For 28 days water cured samples, bulk density, specific density, strength parameters, and thermo-physical properties were tested. Results of experimental analysis showed high pozzolanic activity of diatomite resulting in reduced porosity and increased mechanical resistance of the developed concretes. The highly porous structure of diatomite particles helped to decrease concrete heat transport properties, despite of low total open porosity of the tested specimens.
Built Heritage Research and History of Architecture: Light and Acoustic in the Cistercian Monastic Church of S. Bento de Cástris (Portugal)
Authors: Maria Tavares Martins Ana , Carlos Jorge S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The research on the Cistercian legacy in Portugal is an innovative multidisciplinary study. Consequently, the results achieved in this research have many different approaches: the former monasteries and their architecture are the main subjects concerning morphology, architectonic rehabilitation but also acoustics, thermal comfort, or natural light. This research, carried out at the Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Beira Interior (DECA-UBI), was developed in connection with two other research centres - Lab2PT (Landscape, Heritage and Territory Laboratory) and CIDEHUS (Interdisciplinary Centre for History, Culture and Societies). In 2015, the curriculum of the Integrated Master Degree in Architecture of the University of Beira Interior underwent revision. Consequently, it was needed to allocate more time to the teaching of History of Architecture and the requirement to assign specific syllabus to the Portuguese History of Architecture, which is emphasized by the specific and multidisciplinary research performed linking with other sciences of engineering. The natural light in the Cistercian churches is closely linked not only with the liturgical requirements at the officium but also with the canonical hours based on the “ora et labora” dictated by the Rule of St. Benedict. The Cistercian Monastery of São Bento de Cástris (13th-19th centuries), in Évora, Portugal, includes a church, at the south-eastern corner. This church presents an unusual space setting with two choirs which seems to favour different positions for coral groups supporting liturgical and musical expression activities within the research scope of a Research Project. As the light in the Cistercian Monasteries, mainly, in their churches, is mostly related to the fulfilment of liturgical needs, this paper analyses the relationship between daylight conditions within the monastic choirs located within the monastic church. The chant was a very important way of oration and thus of the liturgy. This was the ORFEUS Project – “The Tridentine Reform and music in the cloistral silence: The Monastery of S. Bento de Cástris” which was based on a multidisciplinary approach around the Tridentine Reform with reflexes in the musical Cistercian feminine matrix between the 16th and 18th centuries on Cistercian Monasteries. This paper describes the objectives and methodology applied to the case study thus linking Built Heritage Research and History of Architecture, i.e., Research and Education.
Extension of the Road Network as the Determinant of Development of the Regions on the Example of Cracow (Poland)
Authors: Siejka Monika , Relidzynski Karol 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The construction and development of the road network determines the economic level of the region and the country. The aim of the publication is to show the relationship between extension of the road network and the development of the warehouse and industrial areas located in the city and the Krakow region. The methodology of research works consisted in the use of data contained in local spatial information systems for the analysis of land development. The research was carried out at the Rybitwy area. It is an area located in the south - eastern part of Krakow. This area is considered to be the logistic center of Krakow and has been analyzed in the aspect of the impact of the construction of the eastern bypass of the city, on the development of facilities with a warehouse and industrial function. The eastern bypass of Krakow is located along the S7 expressway connecting southern Poland (Zakopane) with its northern end (Gdansk). The conducted research proved that over the period of the investment (2010-2018), more than 19,000 m2 of warehouse and production space were built in the area of Rybitwy. The increase in interest in the analyzed area is also confirmed by a significant increase in the degree of lease in this area. Before the construction of the bypass, the vacancy rate was equal 30% of the area intended for rent, while on the date of analysis (2018) already only 10%. This shows the development of the studied area and its attractiveness for entrepreneurs. In addition, the development of the road infrastructure in the form of the eastern bypass of the city of Krakow (along the S7 route) has contributed to the creation of a special economic zone in the area of the Wieliczka commune. This commune is adjacent to Krakow. The Wieliczka Economic Activity Zone, due to its location in the vicinity of the Krakow agglomeration and direct access to the S7 expressway, encourages entrepreneurs to locate their businesses in this area. At the date of the analysis over 30, 000 m2 of warehouse and production space were built there. Therefore, the development of the road infrastructure is an important factor determining the location of industrial or warehouse facilities, which contributes to the economic development of the region, as well as to the increase of the competitiveness of the Polish economy.
Feasibility Study of Using Clay Bricks Made from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (Mswi) Fly Ash
Authors: Voisniene Violeta , Kizinievic Olga , Kizinievic Viktor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study deals with the effect of MSWI (municipal solid waste incinerator) fly ash on fired clay bricks. Initially, the MSWI fly ash was characterized by its chemical composition and morphology. Different ratios of the MSWI fly ash (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 % by mass) were added to the clay brick. Clay brick samples were heated on 1000 °C temperatures for 1 h. The clay brick properties of the resultant material then determined, including shrinkage (after drying, after firing), density, water absorption, effective porosity and total open porosity and compressive strength. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure tests were also conducted. The results indicate that the heavy metal, chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates met the current regulatory thresholds (Waste Directive 2003/33/EC). Increasing the amount of MSWI fly ash resulted in an increase in the water absorption and a decrease in the compressive strength of the MSWI fly ash clay bricks. The addition of MSWI fly ash to the mixture reduced the degree of firing shrinkage. The effects of MSWI fly ash addition on the durability (frost resistance) of the clay bricks were investigated. This indicates that MSWI fly ash is indeed suitable for the partial replacement of the clay in the bricks.
Seismic Performance of Gravity Load-Designed RC Frame Buildings in Jordan: a Prelude into the Effect of Masonry Infills
Authors: Al-Nimry Hanan , Altous Nooralddeen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFifty four infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings were selected and designed to represent typical Jordanian low and medium rise buildings designed to resist gravity loads only. Using SAP2000 software, nonlinear static analysis was performed on three dimensional models of the representative buildings. The study parameters included building height; horizontal and vertical irregularities; as well as type and layout of walls. The inverted triangular and Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS) lateral load patterns were used for irregular buildings. Analysis results indicated that commonly encountered horizontal and vertical irregularities associated with presence of re-entrant corners and soft stories negatively affects the elastic stiffness, energy dissipation and lateral resisting capacities of the investigated buildings. Analysis results confirmed that using RC walls, rather than masonry walls, in the staircase unit greatly enhances the seismic performance of buildings provided the RC walls followed a symmetrical plan arrangement about one of the principal axes. The majority of the investigated buildings exhibited a maximum inter-story drift ratio below 1.5% at the yielding strength and 3.8-4.8% at ultimate strength indicating that severe structural damage may take place under strong earthquake excitations. Plastic hinge formation signified the use of faulty design concepts violating the traditional strong column-weak beam concept of earthquake-resistant design. Compared with the inverted triangular lateral load pattern, using the SRSS pattern for pushover analysis of irregular buildings had a negligible impact on lateral load resistance but significantly affected stiffness and energy dissipation values.
From stone masonry to emigrant’s mansions. Changes in vernacular architecture in central Portugal
Authors: Marcal Goncalves Marta , Teresa Perez Cano Maria , Rosendahl Stefan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The research made for this purpose was realized to study the connection between the way of life, the climate, the geology and the vernacular architecture in the parish of Cernache do Bonjardim, municipality of Sertã, central region of Portugal, where various styles of rural houses can be found. The traditional rural home of this territory is constituted by stone walls, mostly made of shales or granite and has two floors: a lower floor with a place for animals or food storage, and an upper floor with the kitchen/living-room and bedrooms. Usually, both floors are joined by outside stairs. Each available space, for instance under these stairs, is used to keep animals like swine or hens, goats or rabbits, and to store food. Usually there is a piece of ground around the house used for the plantation of vegetables and fruit trees. This kind of home is adapted to the people’s way of living and the climate, using local materials like stone or wood. In the 19th century there was an emigration wave to Brazil. When the people returned they wanted to show their acquired richness and (sometimes) culture to the neighbours in the village and constructed large houses of mansion-type, which didn’t show the strong adaption to the environment anymore, but had other functionalities and a better comfort. As the transportation means improved, the building material was no more limited to the local offer. The emigration from the sixties of the 20th century until today brought new kinds of buildings. Their style was influenced from the country of emigration. There is no more relation to the local style of building. For the construction, modern materials like concrete, tile walls and roof tiles are used. The major conclusions of the research are that the vernacular architecture of the studied region has changed from houses adapted to the climate and the rural way of life, to larger and no more “typical” buildings. The main reasons for this change are the return of emigrants from abroad and its influence, the availability of new materials, the better education and income of the people, the wish to life more comfortably, and the change of the people´s way of life from farming to employment.
Properties of gypsum composites with shavings
Authors: Regulska Katarzyna , Repelewicz Aleksandra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Gypsum composites have been gaining increasing interest within last decades. Nowadays, the environment-supporting options are regaining more advocates. Among other solutions, organic fillers are of interest. The physical and mechanical properties of gypsum composites with shavings were tested and are described in the paper. The influence of gypsum mixture composition, the water/gypsum ratio and appropriate mineralization on the composite properties were examined. Present study focuses on the durability, thermal properties, natural radioactivity and susceptibility to biological corrosion of gypsum composites with shavings.