bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure‐Stable Air‐Retaining Nanostructured Surfaces Inspired by Natural Air Plastrons
Authors: Vüllers Felix , Germain Yann , Petit Luce‐Marie , Hölscher Hendrik , Kavalenka Maryna N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInspired by the pressure‐stable air layers retained by surfaces of aquatic insects, a technique is introduced to support the air–water interface on submerged superhydrophobic surfaces by pressurizing the retained air layer. This pressurization increases retained air layer stability against elevated and fluctuating hydrostatic pressures. Based on the movement of the air–water interface during wetting transition on superhydrophobic nano‐ and microhaired nanofur surface, the correlation between material surface energy, topography, and air layer stability is studied. By perforating nanofur, precise control over the air pressure in the underwater retained air layer is gained and the stability of the air–water interface against hydrostatic pressure is improved by several orders of magnitude compared to unsupported artificial superhydrophobic surfaces. 86% of the retained air layer on pressure‐supported perforated nanofur is intact up to 4 bar hydrostatic pressure, which corresponds to a water depth of 40 m. Furthermore, the influence of perforation parameters, such as number and distribution of pores on the stability of the retained air layer, is investigated. Finally, the stability of the air–water interface against fluctuations in water pressure up to an additional pressure of 3 bar is demonstrated by introducing a buffer air pressure in the retained air layer.
Enhanced Chemical Stability of Ag Nanowires by Slight Surface Modification with Pd
Authors: Song Jun Hyuk , Kim Young‐Tae , Seol Jae‐Bok , Park Chan‐Gyung , Myoung Jae‐Min , Jeong Unyong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe chemical stability of Ag nanowires (NWs) can be addressed by introducing a layer of noble metal alloy, in particular Ag–Pd alloy, on the Ag NW surface. Due to the high cost of noble metals, it is practically important to use the least amount of noble metals as possible while achieving the chemical and electrical properties required for the electrode. To minimize the amount of Pd added to Ag NWs, the electrode performance should be correlated with the elemental distribution of Pd in the Ag NW. In this study, the amount of Pd deposited on Ag NWs is varied and the 3D elemental distribution of Pd is characterized using atom probe tomography (APT). The results indicate that chemical stability against oxidation can be achieved when the surface layer contains a very small amount of Pd (≈5 at%), thereby maintaining the good electrical and mechanical properties of the pristine Ag NW electrode. This study demonstrates the suitability of Pd‐treated Ag NWs as electrodes for electro‐chemiluminescence involving corrosive oxidation reactions.
Friction of Ionic Liquid–Glycol Ether Mixtures at Titanium Interfaces: Negative Load Dependence
Authors: An Rong , Zhou Guobing , Zhu Yudan , Zhu Wei , Huang Liangliang , Shah Faiz Ullah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe atomic force microscopy experiments and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations demonstrate a negative friction–load dependence to ionic liquid–glycol ether mixtures, that is, the friction decreases as the normal load increases. NEMD simulations reveal a structural reorientation of the studied ionic liquid (IL): as the normal load increases, the cation alkyl chains of ILs change the orientation to preferentially parallel to the tip scanning path. The flat‐oriented IL structures, similar to the “blooming lotus leaf,” produce a new sliding interface and reduce the friction. A further molecular dynamics simulation is carried out by adopting slit‐pore models to mimic the tip approaching process to confirm the dynamics of ILs. A faster diffusion of ILs in the smaller slit pore is observed. The faster diffusion of ILs in the more confined slit pore facilitates the structural reorientation of ILs. The resulted new sliding surface is responsible for the observed smaller friction at higher loads, also known as the negative friction–load dependence. These findings provide a fundamental explanation to the role of ILs in interfacial lubrications. They help to understand liquid flow properties under confinement, with implications for the development of better nanofluidic devices.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type Highly Distorted Sb‐Doped SnSe Microplates via Tuning High Electron Concentration and Inducing Intensive Crystal Defects
Authors: Shi Xiao‐Lei , Zheng Kun , Liu Wei‐Di , Wang Yuan , Yang Yu‐Zhe , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Zou Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, a record high figure of merit (ZT) of ≈1.1 at 773 K is reported in n‐type highly distorted Sb‐doped SnSe microplates via a facile solvothermal method. The pellets sintered from the Sb‐doped SnSe microplates show a high power factor of ≈2.4 µW cm−1 K−2 and an ultralow thermal conductivity of ≈0.17 W m−1 K−1 at 773 K, leading a record high ZT. Such a high power factor is attributed to a high electron concentration of 3.94 × 1019 cm−3 via Sb‐enabled electron doping, and the ultralow thermal conductivity derives from the enhanced phonon scattering at intensive crystal defects, including severe lattice distortions, dislocations, and lattice bent, observed by detailed structural characterizations. This study fills in the gaps of fundamental doping mechanisms of Sb in SnSe system, and provides a new perspective to achieve high thermoelectric performance in n‐type polycrystalline SnSe.
Visible‐Light‐Induced C−H Functionalization and C−C/C−X Bond‐Forming Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization has been a hot topic in organic chemistry over the past decade. The convergence of photocatalysis and C−H functionalization is undoubtedly a promising strategy to solve the challenges in this area as photoinduced electron transfer represents another avenue for the activation of C−H bonds. In addition to the common merits of mild reaction conditions and good site selectivity, organic photoredox catalysts are superior to the transition metal photocatalysts (predominantly Ru‐ and Ir‐based polypyridyl complexes) in the following aspects: no potential transition metal contamination, low price, more candidates, and higher reactivity, and so forth. In this Focus Review, we concentrate on bond‐forming reactions by oxidative cross‐coupling using organic photoredox catalysts. Achievements on C−C and C−X (N, O, F, P, S, Cl, or Br) bond‐forming reactions made in recent years are summarized.
A Copper Catalyst with a Cinchona‐Alkaloid‐Based Sulfonamide Ligand for Asymmetric Radical Oxytrifluoromethylation of Alkenyl Oximes
Authors: Li Xi‐Tao , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Dong Xiao‐Yang , Meng Xiang , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed asymmetric radical oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenyl oxime and Togni's reagent has been successfully developed, thereby providing straightforward access to CF3‐containing isoxazolines bearing α‐tertiary stereocenters with excellent yield and enantioselectivity. The key to success is the rational design of cinchona‐alkaloid‐based sulfonamides as neutral/anionic hybrid ligands to effectively control the stereochemistry in copper‐catalyzed reactions involving free alkyl radical species. The utility of this method is illustrated by efficient transformation of the products into useful chiral CF3‐containing 1,3‐aminoalcohols.
New insights into water‐soluble and water‐coordinated copper 15‐metallacrown‐5 gadolinium complexes designed for high‐field magnetic resonance imaging applications
Authors: Katkova Marina A. , Zabrodina Galina S. , Baranov Evgeny V. , Muravyeva Maria S. , Kluev Evgeny A. , Shavyrin Andrey S. , Zhigulin Grigory Yu , Ketkov Sergey Yu 
Published: May 2018

The development of contrast agents specifically designed for high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required because the relaxation efficiency of classic Gd(III) contrast agents significantly decreases with increasing magnetic field strengths. With an idea of exploring the unique structure of lanthanide (Ln) 15‐MC‐5 metallacrowns, we developed a series of water‐soluble Gd(III) aqua‐complexes, bearing aminohydroxamate (glycine, α‐alanine, α‐phenylalanine and α‐tyrosine) ligands, with increasing number of water molecules directly coordinated to the Gd(III) ion: Gd(H2O)4[15‐MCCu(II)Glyha‐5](Cl)3 (1(Gd)), Gd(H2O)4[15‐MCCu(II)Alaha‐5](Cl)3 (2(Gd)), Gd(H2O)3[15‐MCCu(II)Phalaha‐5](Cl)3 (3(Gd)) and Gd(H2O)3[15‐MCCu(II)Tyrha‐5](Cl)3 (4(Gd)). In these systems, the Ln(III) central ion is coordinated by five oxygen donor atoms of the ligands and three or four inner‐sphere water molecules. The X‐ray crystal structure of metallacrown Ln(H2O)3,4[15‐MCCu(II)Rha‐5]3+ agrees with density functional theory predictions. The calculations demonstrate that the exchange of coordinated water molecules can proceed easily, resulting in increased relaxivity parameters. The longitudinal relaxivities (r1) of 1(Gd)–4(Gd) in water at ultrahigh magnetic field of 9.4 T were determined to be 11.5, 14.8, 13.9 and 12.2 mM−1 s−1, respectively. The ability to increase the number of Ln(III) inner‐sphere water molecules up to four, the planar metallacrown structure and the rich hydration shell due to strong hydrogen bonds between the [15‐MC‐5] moiety and bulk water molecules provide new opportunities for potential MRI applications.
Preparation and Properties of Solution Cast Films From Pennycress Protein Isolate
Authors: Selling Gordon W. , Hojilla‐Evangelista Mila , Hay William T. , Utt Kelly D. , Grose Gary D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis research evaluated a value‐added use of pennycress protein by producing films and determining their properties. Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) grows over the winter months, and is harvested in the spring. Pennycress seeds have high oil content and are a good candidate for biodiesel production. In order to extract the most value from pennycress, all parts of the seed must be utilized. An improved pilot‐plant method for extracting protein from pennycress was developed providing a pennycress protein isolate (PPI) in high yield and purity (92% crude protein). Formic acid was found to be a good solvent for PPI and was used to produce transparent colored films. Glycerol (GLY) was found to be a good plasticizer for PPI, and films having between 10 and 30% GLY were produced. Higher GLY content resulted in films with an increase in elongation (up to 194%) but reduced tensile strength (TS) (from 21.8 to 3.2 MPa). With increasing relative humidity (RH), TS decreased and elongation increased. The glass transition temperature and heat deflection temperature for select PPI films were between 75–115 and 93–117 °C, respectively. The films had relatively low water vapor and oxygen permeability. The overall balance of properties suggests that PPI films may have value in film applications, especially in composites where exposure to moisture may be minimized.
Technoeconomic Prospects for Commercialization of Brassica (Cruciferous) Plant Proteins
Authors: Mupondwa Edmund , Li Xue , Wanasundara Janitha P. D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Brassica oilseed is the second largest oilseed in the world both in terms of seed and meal production. The nutritional value and functional properties of rapeseed/canola (RSC) protein make it a suitable alternative protein in food applications. However, the meal produced from RSC by the current processing technologies undergoes desolventizer‐toasting that degrades the nutritional and functional quality of the meal, thus making it unsuitable as a feedstock for protein extraction. Several widely used technologies for advancing the commercial production of RSC protein were studied. These technologies generally involve aqueous extraction followed by adsorption or membrane separation methods, including (1) the alkali extraction of protein and recovery at low pH, (2) protein micelle formation method, (3) chromatographic separation, and (4) meal component fractionation method. This paper reviews challenges in the current Brassica oilseed protein value chain related to the development and commercialization of RSC proteins in a market dominated by soybean protein. This work also includes an empirical case study of the recent RSC commercialization ventures. Opportunities for the commercialization of oilseed protein in the market are also presented.
Two‐component acrylic structural adhesive initiated by tributylborane for untreatedPETadhesion
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Jing‐Wen , Ge Ren‐Kui 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn order to improve the adhesion strength of acrylic adhesive to untreated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate, two‐component acrylic structural adhesives initiated by tributylborane were prepared. The effects of acrylic monomers, elastomers, decomplexers, and oligomers on the adhesion properties of two‐component acrylic structural adhesive were investigated in sequence. It is found that the shear strength on PET of adhesives toughened by acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer and carboxyl‐terminated butadiene–acrylonitrile copolymer is higher than that of commercial adhesives Dp8010NS and Loctite 3030. A tailored oligomer was synthesized from hydroxyl propyl–terminated polydimethylsiloxane and 3‐isopropenyl‐α,α‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate. It is also noticed that premature failure usually takes place in the lap shear test samples due to the brittleness of the acrylic adhesive, except in the sample of adhesive modified by tailored oligomer. Excellent adhesion to the PET substrate is achieved by this adhesive modified by tailored oligomer, with a lap shear strength above 11 MPa and T‐peel strength up to 5.34 N/mm. Additionally, the resulting adhesive is qualified for the structural bonding of PET materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46612.
Unknown Input Reduced‐order Observer Design for One‐Sided Lipschitz Nonlinear Descriptor Markovian Jump Systems
Authors: Tian Jiaming , Ma Shuping , Zhang Chenghui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with the reduced‐order unknown input observer (UIO) design problem for one‐sided Lipschitz nonlinear continuous‐time descriptor Markovian jump systems. First, with the assumption of a one‐sided Lipschitz condition and quadratic inner‐bounded condition, a sufficient condition is established, which guarantees that the error dynamic system is stochastically stable. Then, based on the symbol of nonlinear constants, and by using the matrix generalized inverse technique, a condition with the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is developed such that the reduced‐order UIO exists. Moreover, the design procedures of the reduced‐order UIO are given based on LMIs approach. Besides, the dimension of the reduced‐order UIO can be chosen freely in a certain range. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design methods.
Design and Implementation of a Hierarchical‐Clustering CMAC PID Controller
Authors: Liao Yuntao , Koiwai Kazushige , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn industrial control processes, proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control algorithm is widely employed. Therefore, it is meaningful to design advanced PID controllers, especially for nonlinear control objects. One of the advanced PID controllers is a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) PID controller. In this controller, the PID control parameters are calculated and tuned. The CMAC achieves a higher accuracy by increasing the number of labels of each weight table; this requires a larger memory, and the generalization ability of the controller decreases. On the other hand, if the CMAC requires less memory, the generalization ability increases and accuracy decreases. Hence, in this paper, a novel CMAC in which the accuracy is compatible with the generalization ability is proposed in this paper. In the proposed CMAC, the number of labels of each weight table can be decided by using a hierarchical clustering technology. Moreover, the efficiency of the memory allocation is improved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
Some critical aspects of the enzymatic hydrolysis at high dry‐matter content: a review
Authors: Battista Federico , Bolzonella David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnzymatic hydrolysis represents the crucial phase in bioethanol production. Its aim is to convert pretreated lignocellulosic polymers in hexose sugars for fermentation into bioethanol. To be economically advantageous, the enzymatic hydrolysis should operate with a high concentration of dry matter. The drawback of this is the increase in the reaction medium's viscosity and consequently bad mixing within the bioreactor due to the complexity of the lignocellulosic polymers. Another critical aspect of the enzymatic hydrolysis is enzyme deactivation, which is mainly due to two factors: the presence of lignin by‐products, originating from the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, and the accumulation of glucose in the reaction medium by cellulose hydrolysis. This review details these two critical aspects of enzymatic hydrolysis conducted with high dry‐matter content. The most relevant milestones and technological solutions to improve rheological performance and to reduce enzyme deactivation have been investigated. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical stimulation‐based nerve location prediction for cranial nerve VII localization in acoustic neuroma surgery
Authors: Puanhvuan Dilok , Chumnanvej Sorayouth , Wongsawat Yodchanan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionCranial nerve (CN) VII localization is a critical step during acoustic neuroma surgery because the nerve is generally hidden due to the tumor mass. The patient can suffer from Bell's palsy if the nerve is accidentally damaged during tumor removal. Surgeons localize CN VII by exploring the target area with a stimulus probe. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) are elicited when the probe locates the nerve. However, false positives and false negatives are possible due to unpredictable tissue impedance in the operative area. Moreover, a single CMAP amplitude is not correlated with probe‐to‐nerve distance.ObjectivesThis paper presents a new modality for nerve localization. The probe‐to‐nerve distance is predicted by the proposed nerve location prediction model.MethodsInput features are extracted from CMAP responses, tissue impedance, and stimulus current. The tissue impedance is calculated from the estimated resistance and capacitance of the tissue equivalent circuit. In this study, experiments were conducted in animals. A frog's sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius were used to represent CN VII and facial muscle in humans, respectively. Gelatin (2.8%) was used as a mock material to mimic an acoustic neuroma. The %NaCl applied to the mock material was used to emulate uncontrollable impedance of tissue in the operative area.ResultsThe 10‐fold cross‐validation results revealed an average prediction accuracy of 86.71% and an average predicted error of 0.76 mm compared with the measurement data.ConclusionThe proposed nerve location prediction model could predict the probe‐to‐nerve distance across various impedances of the mock material.
Improved stent expansion with prolonged compared with short balloon inflation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Saad Marwan , Bavineni Mahesh , Uretsky Barry F. , Vallurupalli Srikanth 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence from individual studies suggesting that prolonged inflation improves coronary stent expansion, relatively shorter inflation times are commonly employed in clinical practice.MethodsWe performed an electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases to retrieve outcome studies comparing prolonged versus short inflation times during stent deployment. Outcomes studied included minimal stent diameter (MSD) and minimal stent area (MSA). Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the effect sizes for these continuous variables.ResultsSeven studies with a total of 341 patients (415 lesions; mean age 67.6 years; 82% male) were included. Drug‐eluting stents were used in 89 ± 15% of coronary lesions. Prolonged stent inflation was associated with increased minimal stent diameter (2.93 ± 0.34 mm vs. 2.72 ± 0.28 mm; SMD = 0.42; 95% CI 0.25–0.59; P < 0.001) and minimal stent area (5.99 ± 1.21 mm2 vs. 5.17 ± 0.87 mm2; SMD = 0.46; 95% CI 0.19–0.73; P = 0.001) compared with shorter duration stent inflation. This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses that excluded studies with very prolonged inflation duration or multiple stent balloon inflations.ConclusionDespite differences in duration and methodology, prolonged stent inflation is associated with improved expansion compared with shorter duration. The effect of this optimization recommends randomized trials to determine whether long‐term outcomes can be improved by this simple technical modification.
Manganese (II,III) Oxide‐Activated Carbon Black Supported PtRu Nanoparticles for Methanol Electrooxidation in Acid Medium
Authors: Comignani Vanina , Sieben Juan M. , Brigante Maximiliano E. , Duarte Marta M. E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, PtRu nanoparticles supported on hybrid manganese (II,III)‐carbon composites were prepared by a microwave‐assisted polyol process in ethylene glycol. The obtained PtRu/(100‐x) C.xMn3O4 catalysts were characterized by XRD diffraction, TEM, SEM‐EDX analysis, ICP‐AES and electrochemical techniques. Small and well‐distributed nanoparticles of about 2.6 nm were obtained over the hybrid support. The as‐prepared catalysts presented similar Pt : Ru atomic ratio (ca. 3.4 : 1), indicating that the composition of the bimetallic system is unaffected by the oxide content in the hybrid support. However, the noble metal loading increased with the increase in the oxide content due to the formation of more nucleation sites during microwave heating. The electrochemical experiments showed that the best performance and the lowest poisoning rate are obtained with PtRu/90C.10Mn3O4 followed by PtRu/70C.30Mn3O4. The bimetallic catalyst supported over 90C.10Mn3O4 exhibited a steady current density of 215 mA mgPtRu−1 at 0.5 V, which is 40 % higher than that of PtRu/C. This behavior is mainly associated with the ability of Mn3O4 to provide a large extra amount of hydroxyl groups and promote the dehydrogenation of methanol.
Direct Anodic Dehydrogenative Cross‐ and Homo‐Coupling of Formanilides
Authors: Schulz Lara , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe direct anodic dehydrogenative C−C cross‐ and homo‐coupling of formanilides is reported. This exceptional electrochemical synthesis allows one to prepare a broad variety of non‐symmetrical and symmetrical 2,2′‐diformamidobiphenyls as well as 2‐formamido‐2′‐amidobiphenyls. By applying an easy and simple to perform metal‐ and oxidizer‐free electrochemical protocol, and the formyl group as a highly atom‐economic amino‐protecting group, an important contribution to a sustainable and green‐minded chemistry was achieved.
Substituted 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazol‐4‐yl‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines by De Novo One‐Pot Ring‐Forming Coupling/Cyclization/Desilylation Cu Alkyne/Azide Cycloaddition (AAC) Sequence
Authors: Lessing Timo , van Mark Hauke , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSubstituted 1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]pyridines are efficiently prepared by a one‐pot coupling/cyclization/desilylation Cu alkyne/azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) sequence in the sense of a consecutive three‐component fashion. The key feature of this new de novo formation of azole and triazole anellation is the sequentially Pd/Cu‐catalyzed process employing tri(iso‐propyl)silyl (TIPS) butadiyne as a four‐carbon building block. In addition, the sequence can be expanded in a four‐component fashion also employing the in situ formation of the required azides.