bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The United States as the Trade Partner of Poland in te Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
Authors: Marks-Bielska Renata , Lizińska Wiesława , Serocka Izabela 
Published: July 2019

Evaluation of the importance of the USA as the trade partner of Poland is the main objective of the paper, based on the changes in the value of trade during the years 2000-2012 and changes in the structure of trade during the years 2008-2012. The data from the Statistical Yearbooks of Foreign Trade published by the Central Statistical Office was used. The potential for foreign trade growth was illustrated using the simplified analysis based on the gravity model of foreign trade concept. Gradually increasing value of Polish trade with the USA (the average growth rate 9.8%, EU-15 countries 13.1%). Polish exports are characterised by a higher than imports growth rate (USA - exports growth by 12.5%, imports 9.2%, EU-15 - exports 15.1%, imports 11.6%). Trade is strongly dominated by position of one group of products (over 30% share in both exports and imports). The potential of trade is poorly exploited currently. Trade was focused mainly on the countries situated in the close neighbourhood (mainly the EU countries with the domination of Germany).
Stratification Approach to Research Border Economy
Authors: Vasily Vasily , Bilchak Mikhail 
Published: July 2019

Stratification of the border economy has important scientific value. It is the question of division of the border economy into striations. The stratification of potential and resources of the border region is used in the article. Eight levels of striations are identified: the natural and economic conditions of the border region; the integrity of reproduction base of the border region; the level of development and territorially-oriented branch organization of productive forces; the degree of completeness of production and power cycles; the production and economic specialization of the border region; the level of infrastructure provisions in the border region; the trade and commercial potential of the border region and development of new management forms in the border region. The indicators and a set of possible methods of the assessment of each of the eight levels of striations are suggested by means of the econometric instruments.
Property Insurance and Liability Insurance of Pharmacists and Pharmacies in the Olsztyn Market
Authors: Bak Joanna 
Published: July 2019

This article brings up a very important and current issue concerning the insurance of pharmacists and pharmacies. The aim of the research undertaken was to present the range and factors determining the choice of insurance products for pharmacies and pharmacists operating in Olsztyn. The study is focused on products ensuring protection for the properties owned and used in pharmacies, as well as third-person liability insurance related to the business activity and to the professional practice of a pharmacist. It identifies the most popular insurances in the examined population and specifies the factors determining their choice.
Preliminary report on the flexible rod technique for prevention of proximal junctional kyphosis following long-segment fusion to the sacrum in adult spinal deformity
Authors: Lee Ki Young , Lee Jung-Hee , Kang Kyung-Chung , Shin Won-Ju , Im Sang Kyu , Cho Seong Jin 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVEThe incidence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after long-segment fixation in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) has been reported to range from 17% to 61.7%. Recent studies have reported using “hybrid” techniques in which semirigid fixation is introduced between the fused and flexible segments at the proximal level to allow a more gradual transition. The authors used these hybrid techniques in a clinical setting and analyzed PJK to evaluate the usefulness of the flexible rod (FR) technique.METHODSThe authors retrospectively selected 77 patients with lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK) who underwent sagittal correction and long-segment fixation and had follow-up for > 1 year. An FR was used in 30 of the 77 patients. PJK development and spinal sagittal changes were analyzed in the FR and non-FR groups, and the predictive factors of PJK between a PJK group and a non-PJK group were compared.RESULTSThe patient population comprised 77 patients (75 females and 2 males) with a mean (± SD) follow-up of 32.0 ± 12.7 months (36.7 ± 9.8 months in the non-FR group and 16.8 ± 4.7 months in the FR group) and mean (± SD) age of 71.7 ± 5.1 years. Sagittal balance was well maintained at final follow-up (10.5 and 1.5 mm) in the non-FR and FR groups, respectively. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were improved in both groups, without significant differences between the two (p > 0.05). PJK occurred in 28 cases (36.4%) in total, 3 (10%) in the FR and 25 (53.2%) in the non-FR group (p < 0.001). Postoperatively, PJK was observed at an average of 8.9 months in the non-FR group and 1 month in the FR group. No significant differences in the incidence of PJK regarding patient factors or radiological parameters were found between the PJK group and non-PJK group (p > 0.05). However, FR (vs non-FR) and interbody fusion except L5–S1 using oblique lumbar interbody fusion (vs non–oblique lumbar interbody fusion), demonstrated a significantly lower PJK prevalence (p < 0.001 and p = 0.044) among the surgical factors.CONCLUSIONSPJK was reduced after surgical treatment with the FR in the patients with LDK. Solid long-segment fixation and the use of the FR may become another surgical option for spine surgeons who plan and make decisions regarding spine reconstruction surgery for patients with ASD.
Nerve transfers in the upper extremity following cervical spinal cord injury. Part 1: Systematic review of the literature
Authors: Khalifeh Jawad M. , Dibble Christopher F. , Van Voorhis Anna , Doering Michelle , Boyer Martin I. , Mahan Mark A. , Wilson Thomas J. , Midha Rajiv , Yang Lynda J. S. , Ray Wilson Z. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVEPatients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI)/tetraplegia consistently rank restoring arm and hand function as their top functional priority to improve quality of life. Motor nerve transfers traditionally used to treat peripheral nerve injuries are increasingly being used to treat patients with cervical SCIs. In this study, the authors performed a systematic review summarizing the published literature on nerve transfers to restore upper-extremity function in tetraplegia.METHODSA systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE 1946–, Embase 1947–, Scopus 1960–, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and clinicaltrials.gov to identify relevant literature published through January 2019. The authors included studies that provided original patient-level data and extracted information on clinical characteristics, operative details, and strength outcomes after nerve transfer procedures. Critical review and synthesis of the articles were performed.RESULTSTwenty-two unique studies, reporting on 158 nerve transfers in 118 upper limbs of 92 patients (87 males, 94.6%) were included in the systematic review. The mean duration from SCI to nerve transfer surgery was 18.7 months (range 4 months–13 years) and mean postoperative follow-up duration was 19.5 months (range 1 month–4 years). The main goals of reinnervation were the restoration of thumb and finger flexion, elbow extension, and wrist and finger extension. Significant heterogeneity in transfer strategy and postoperative outcomes were noted among the reports. All but one case report demonstrated recovery of at least Medical Research Council grade 3/5 strength in recipient muscle groups; however, there was greater variation in the results of larger case series. The best, most consistent outcomes were demonstrated for restoration of wrist/finger extension and elbow extension.CONCLUSIONSMotor nerve transfers are a promising treatment option to restore upper-extremity function after SCI. Flexor reinnervation strategies show variable treatment effect sizes; however, extensor reinnervation may provide more consistent, meaningful recovery. Despite numerous published case reports describing good patient outcomes with nerve transfers, there remains a paucity in the literature regarding optimal timing and long-term clinical outcomes with these procedures.
Real-World Data from a Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Community-Academic Registry: Comparative Outcomes of Progression Free Survival and Overall Survival
Authors: Ramalingam Sundhar , Walker Mark , George Daniel J. , Harrison Michael R. 
Published: July 2019

Background: No studies have looked at comparative outcomes in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) between academic and community practice settings. Methods: We created a joint academic (ACAD) and community (COMM) retrospective registry of patients treated for mRCC. This registry represents a collaboration of an academic research network (Duke Oncology Network; Durham, NC) and a community-based oncology network (ACORN Research; Memphis, TN) of multiple member practices. We compared progression free survival and overall survival between these centers. We included patients diagnosed with mRCC after January 1, 2007 and before February 7, 2011. Results: Four hundred and fifty-five patients were captured in the registry including N = 255 COMM patients and N = 200 ACAD patients. Initial analysis of COMM patients showed a median PFS of 6.24 months [95% CI, 5.4, 7.5], 3.88 months [95% CI, 3.0, 4.8], and 3.35 months [95% CI 2.9, 4.4] with first, second, and third line systemic therapy. ACAD patients had longer median PFS estimates of 11.3 months [95% CI, 7.5, 13.6], 4.4 months [95% CI, 2.7, 8.9], and 5.22 months [95% CI, 2.7, 6.3] respectively. Median OS was 12.06 months [95% CI 8.7, 15.4] among COMM patients and 36.73 months [95% CI 26.2 42.2) among ACAD patients. Differences persisted with inclusion of well-established prognostic models and predictive factors such as treatment exposures. Conclusions: There may be differences between outcomes for mRCC patients in community versus academic settings; however rselection most likely plays a role and we need further studies to determine reasons for these potential disparities. A prospective metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MaRCC) registry has been accrued encompassing sixty academic and community treatment sites across the United States rwith the goal of examining real-world treatment patterns and outcomes; MaRCC may shed further light on any potential outcomes differences.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL HERBAL GEL FOR TREATMENT OF ACNE
Authors: K R, Sushmitha , Kopparam Manjunath , Kulkarni Suresh V 
Published: July 2019

The objective of the study was to develop a topical herbal gel for the treatment of mild acne vulgaris. Aqueous extracts Withania somnifera formulated using different gelling agent like carbopol-934, Xanthan gum, & HPMC K100 M. Nine formulations of the gel were prepared by varying the proportions of polymer and evaluated for their physicochemical properties like appearance, pH, spreadability, viscosity, assay, and microbial assay. FTIR studies reveals that there was no interaction between the Withania somnifera and selected polymers Carbopol 934, Xanthan gum and HPMC K 100 M. In vitro drug diffusion studies showed percentage CDR of 100.16 % at the end of 3 hours. The microbial assay of all the formulations demonstrated better inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis compared to the marketed clindamycin phosphate gel. The stability study carried out of the selected gel F2 at room temperature and 40 ± 2 °C / 75 ± 5 % RH was found to be stable for a period of 45 days in terms of drug content, physical appearance and pH etc. Based on these results, Formulation F2 containing 1.5 % carbopol-934 was selected as best formulation.
Key words: Herbal gel, Withania somnifera, In vitro diffusion, Zone of inhibition.
Pattern of respiratory diseases among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: C Ayuk Adaeze , C Ubesie Agozie , K Iloh Kenechukwu , Obumneme-Anyim Ijeoma N , J Emodi Ifeoma , S Ibeziako Ngozi , J Anikene Chukwuemeka , J Enemuo Eziamaka , Iloh Ogochukwu , Nwogu Uloma 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The lung is a major target for infectious and non-infectious complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Objective: This study sought to assess the prevalence and pattern of respiratory diseases among HIV-infected children attending our pediatric HIV specialist clinic. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of data on HIV-infected children seen at the Paediatric HIV clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu. HIV diagnosis was made by HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction testing and antibody testing depending on the age of the child. Diagnosis of pneumonia was made using the WHO pneumonia clinical algorithm while pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) was diagnosed using clinical and radiological criteria. Data analyses were done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19 (Chicago, IL). Results: A total of 555 HIV-infected children were analyzed. There were 277 males (49.9%) with male to female ratio of 0.9–1. The cough was the most common complaint in 51.9% of the children. There were327 respiratory cases observed in 181 of 555 (34.7%) of the children. Using clinical symptoms, 65 of 327 (9.9%) of study participants had upper airway-related diseases with otitis media being most predominant (27/65; 41.5%); pneumonia was reported in 146 of 327 (45%) and PTB in 115 of 327 (35%). Total 124 of 181 children (72.5%) with respiratory infectionscompared to 18 of 287 (6.3%) without infections had an abnormal chest X-ray (CXR) (p<0.001). Identified risk factors for developing respiratory disease were low socio-economic status, being on second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy and having an abnormal CXR finding. Conclusions: Pneumonia and PTB are common in children with HIV. Chronic radiologicalchange is more common among HIV-infected children with clinical features of respiratory pathology. The need for close lung function monitoring in children with HIV is recommended for early detection of morbidity associated with these infections.
Uso de programas estadísticos libres para el análisis de datos: Jamovi, Jasp y R
Authors: Sánchez Villena Andy 
Published: July 2019

Se hace un análisis y propuesta para el uso de tres programas estadísticos gratuitos: Jamovi, Jasp y R; que son de interfaz simple, intuitiva y amigable. También se señalan sus ventajas. Palabras clave: Programas estadísticos, Jamovi, Jasp, R.
Antibacterial activity of Weissella confusa by disc diffusion method
Authors: Krishnan Manigandan , Dey Debasish Kumar , Sharma Chanchal , Kang Sun Chul 
Published: July 2019

A visual experiment was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial potential of cell-free culture supernatant of Weissella confusa (DD_A7) against the foodborne pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli 0157: H7 by disc diffusion method. The result revealed that DD_A7 exerted effective antibacterial potential to control the growth of E. coli upon treatment with 100 µg/mL of the culture supernatant. This study demonstrated that DD_A7 is a potent probiotic candidate to reduce the risk factor associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.
Video Clip of Methodology:
Duration: 9 min 20 sec Full Screen Alternate
Negative cross resistance of Spodoptera litura Fabricius population of tomato to newer molecule spinetoram
Authors: Visnupriya M. , Muthukrishnan N. 
Published: July 2019

Field population of Spodoptera litura from tomato ( resistant to the majority of the conventional insecticide molecules) were subjected to the in vivo toxicity of spinetoram 12 SC to assess whether cross resistance exists or not. Untreated larvae of both field and laboratory strains showed no mortality during 48 hours of feeding. After 48 hours of feeding on spinetoram 12 SC treated leaves, LC50s of field larvae were 0.28, 0.93, 3.71 and 7.11 ppm for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of S. litura respectively. However, in the laboratory strain these values were 1.12, 5.86, 36.72 and 91.55 ppm for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instars of S. litura respectively. Resistance ratio was 0.25, 0.16, 0.10 and 0.08 for the 2nd instar up to the 5th instar of S. litura.
Invasion and establishment of Bondarâ€™s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Indian mainland and Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Authors: Vidya C.V. , Sundararaj R. , Dubey A.K. , Bhaskar Haseena , Chellappan Mani , Henna M.K. 
Published: July 2019

Invasion and establishment of Bondarâ€™s nesting whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi in Indian mainland and Andaman & Nicobar Islands is reported. This forms the first report of P. bondari from Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Host range of Bondarâ€™s nesting whitefly in India is discussed. Partial sequence of cytochrome c oxidase I gene for P. bondari is submitted to GenBank (MK333262).
Alat Bantu Penggerindaan Slideways Mesin Bubut
Authors: Aswin Fajar , Pranandita Nanda , Kiswanto Ary , Hafiz Syahdan , Zaenal Zaenal 
Published: July 2019

Lathe is a tool that rotates the work-piece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with tools that are applied to the work-piece to create an object with symmetry about that axis. There are several considerations that affect the lathe to work well, especially geometrical deviations that affect the quality degradation of the product in terms of shape and dimensions. One of the wear on the slide-way of the lathe can affect geometric aberrations. This paper discusses the design and manufacture of grinding tools to fix the lathes bed that can erode three slide-way planes in a single process to achieve flatness and square alignment with one another. The research method used is the experimental method by collecting the data needed to design the tool through literature study and direct observation to the lathe, then the data is processed to obtain the specification of the tool that will be designed by design method based on Verien Deutche Ingenieuer (VDI) 222 , the design result is then continued with the machining and fabrication process; before assembling, parts of the auxiliary equipment are tested in accordance with the design function indicator; the last stage is testing the tool as a whole to know the achievement of the tool against a predetermined goal. Based on the results of the grinding experiment on the three slideway planes with a feed depth of 0.03mm, the average flatness and alignment values ??are 0.02mm / 300mm and 0.07mm / 300mm, respectively. Based on the ISO 1708 standard on the tolerance of geometrical deviations, the grinding results have not allowed the tolerance. Still need more research about the influence of wear of grinding wheels to the grinding results.
Zonation métasomatique autour des albitites de la région de Saint-Chély d'Apcher (Lozère)
Authors: Demange Michel 
Published: July 2019

Les gisements de feldspath sodique de la région de Saint-Chély d'Apcher (Lozère) sont des filons d'albitite développés aussi bien dans le granite porphyrique à biotite de la Margeride que dans les granites à deux micas. Ces gisements s'organisent en zones emboîtées à limites nettes. Les zones présentent la séquence minéralogique suivante : albitite au centre, « pseudosyénite » et granites plus ou moins modifiés à la périphérie. Les textures granitiques sont préservées dans chaque zone. Le chimisme de ces roches traduit ces modifications minéralogiques. Ces observations supportent l'hypothèse d'une origine métasomatique de ces albitites.
L'exploration du cryokarst glaciaire et son intérêt scientifique pour l'étude du drainage des eaux de fonte : porches, cavités, crevasses, bédières et moulins
Authors: Moreau Luc 
Published: July 2019

Drainage conditions of the water in the different levels of the glaciers are important, because of its control on ice flow subglacial erosion of grooves or valleys, subglacial till deformation, and formation of water pockets or lakes. But intra-and subglacial levels are still poorly known, because the access is difficult and very local.
We present the different natural access to enter the glaciers. Moulins are probably the most suitable to document drainage conditions that control the sliding of glaciers and its acceleration observed in summer in the Alps, and in Greenland since a few years. The role in terms of erosion of marginal crevasses that drain water towards the margins of the glacier, and its contribution to the trough erosion, are emphasized here.
Les hivers sans neige et l'économie des sports d'hiver : un phénomène récurrent, une problématique toujours renouvelée
Authors: Gauchon Christophe 
Published: July 2019

Du point de vue de la géographie du tourisme, la neige s 'est affirmée, tout au long du XXe siècle, comme la ressource centrale autour de laquelle s 'organise l 'économie des sports d'hiver. Dès lors, le manque de neige peut devenir un problème pour les stations qui ont misé sur le développement de ces activités. Quatre hivers sans neige font ici l 'objet d'une analyse (1931-32, 1963-64, 1988-89 et 2006-07), fondée essentiellement sur une revue de presse, de manière à restituer la façon dont ont été perçues à leur époque ces saisons atypiques.
L 'étude ne se place pas sur le plan météorologique ni climatique, mais essaie de saisir le niveau de vulnérabilité du tourisme hivernal dans les Alpes françaises lorsqu 'il est confronté à ce type de dysfonctionnement. On peut penser que plus l 'activité est spécialisée, plus la vulnérabilité est grande. A des stades de structuration encore peu affirmés, l 'activité fait encore preuve d 'une certaine souplesse et peut s 'adapter, ce qui est encore vrai en 1963-64. En revanche, lorsque la spécialisation est très poussée, la fragilité du système risque d'apparaître beaucoup plus grande et de mettre à mal l'ensemble du système (1988-89), à moins que l 'on se soit préparé en vue de tels épisodes par le recours massif à la neige de culture (2006-07).
A travers ces quatre hivers sans neige, la géographie des sports d'hiver se précise peu à peu, les localisations évoluent de façon à éviter les écueils observés, les réputations de «bon enneigement » se font et se défont. Ainsi, la construction des stations d 'altitude doit-elle beaucoup aux hivers peu neigeux du début des années 1930 et aux enseignements qui en furent tirés. Et le déséquipement actuel de nombreuses petites stations peut aussi être mis en relation avec l 'occurrence de ces «mauvaises » saisons.
Kategoria przywiązania do miejsca we wspieraniu rodziny w środowisku lokalnym
Authors: Ciczkowska-Giedziun Małgorzata 
Published: July 2019

The place category has interested many researchers from social science in recent years. The analyzed concept refers to various aspects of deepened and long-lasting relationships of people with place. Numerous studies indicate that there is a link between the quality and satisfaction of the inhabitants’ lives and their place attachment. The literature of social work with children and families rarely pays attention on this important aspect of human life. The aim of the article is to present the meaning of the place category based on the psychological concept of the place attachment, with an attempt to show how it could be related to the creation of the integrated family support system in the community.