bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ДЕФОРМАЦИОННЫЙ РЕЛЬЕФ И ДЕСТРУКЦИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ КАК ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ УСТАЛОСТНОЙ ПОВРЕЖДЕННОСТИ ПЛАКИРОВАННОГО АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА
Authors: Игнатович Сергей Ромуальдович , Карускевич Михаил Витальевич , Юцкевич Святослав Сергеевич , Хижняк Сергей Васильевич 
Published: August 2019

The article presents the results of the study of changes in the state of the structural alloy D16AT surface with the operating time at various stress levels. The state of the surface of the material was monitored by an interference nanoprofiler. The main feature of the D16AT alloy is that to protect against corrosion, the material is coated on both sides with a thin layer of clad, the thickness of which is about 5 % of the sheet total thickness. During loading, the deformation of the cladding layer and the base material due to the existing difference in the yield strength values differs significantly. Such a composition of inextricably bound materials will contribute to the intensification of plastic deformation of the surface layer. During cyclic loading, areas of plastically deformed material are formed and developed on the surface of a clad aluminum alloy with a special representation of the surface relief caused by dislocation mechanisms (steps and slip bands, extrusion, intrusion etc.). Quantitative indicators of deformation relief (DR) are the area and perimeter of plastic-deformed areas, their fractal characteristics and plastic deformation of the surface. These parameters can act as indicators of the alloy fatigue damage, but it is hard to identify the boundary state that is the fatigue crack initiation. Such a diagnostic parameter is the destruction of the clad layer to determine in order are used basic indicators of DR. Destruction (increase in the volume of the clad layer) is physically objective that is associated with an increase in surface area during the formation and extended of DR. Destruction can be considered as the main factor in the fatal destruction of clad aluminum alloys. It is shown that when saturated with a deformation relief, approximately 25 ... 30 % of the total surface area of the destruction of the clad layer increases abruptly due to the change in the nature of the plastic deformation of the surface that is an increase in the growth of its plane at high saturation values. This saturation value can be used as a diagnostic indicator of the initial fatigue cracks initiation.
TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH MENJADI ORGANISASI PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Rahayu Desita , Nurasa Heru , Widianingsih Ida , Adiwisastra Josy 
Published: August 2019

Rumah sakit di berbagai negara seperti Singapura, India, Thailand dan bahkan Malaysia telah membuktikan profesionalitasnyadengan berorientasi pada kebutuhan pelanggan seperti wisata medis. Orientasi pelayanan yang inovatif telah mampu menghasilkan devisa. Rumah sakit di Malaysia dan bahkan Singapura telah masuk ke dalam 1000 rumah sakit terbaik di dunia. Kondisi sebaliknya yang terjadi di Indonesia, rumah sakit terbaik kita hanya bisa menduduki peringkat 3.858 dan belum mampu meraih kepercayaan publik, padahal dunia medis yang makin berkembang berbanding lurus dengan keinginan dan kebutuhan publik yang semakin kompleks. Oleh karena itu, rumah sakit di Indonesia (khususnya rumah sakit publik seperti rumah sakit umum daerah) harus melakukan perbaikan berkelanjutan. Namun, upaya perbaikan dengan mengembangkan diri menjadirumah sakit publik yang pembelajar tidaklah mudah karena karakteristiknya sebagai organisasi publik. Teori Senge - disiplin kelima yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan ini dengan cara berfikir sistem. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kasus yang bertujuan memberikan rekomendasi terhadap para pemangku kepentingan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan rumah sakit publik agar dapat berkembang menjadi organisasi pembelajar yang mampu merespon kebutuhan publik akan pelayanan kesehatan yang berkualitas dan mengantisipasi atau mengatasi kondisi unlearning .
Melatonin and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: a model for the plant redox network
Authors: Arnao Marino Bañón , Hernández-Ruiz Josefa 
Published: August 2019

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was discovered in plants in 1995; since then numerous functions have been attributed to this molecule in vascular plants. In addition to its recognized role as a universal antioxidant, other relevant functions have been studied in plants such as its rhizogenic- and vegetative-growth effects, protection against leaf senescence and influences on photosynthesis and on the stomatal apparatus. Also, melatonin has a protective role in stress situations (biotic and abiotic), acting as an osmoregulation and a metabolic corrector when confronted with different stresses. One of the most outstanding aspects is the involvement of melatonin as a multi-signaling molecule in plants. The dual roles of melatonin in physiological stress situations involve both its direct action (free of receptor action) as an antioxidant and its role as a regulator of gene expression. Its relationship with central elements of the plant redox network such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and the regulation of relevant elements is discussed. All recent data on melatonin are incorporated to present an updated model, where the balance between ROS and RNS, and between these and melatonin is a regulatory key center in the responses.
Melatonin in the evolution of plants and other phototrophs
Authors: Hardeland Ruediger 
Published: August 2019

Melatonin
is present in numerous phototrophic eukaryotes, not only in plants in the
meaning of Archaeplastida or of Viridiplantae. It is also formed in members of
other superclades, such as Excavata and SAR clade. Typically, their respective
phototrophs have acquired chloroplasts from phototrophic eukaryotes, either by
taking them up as endosymbionts or by chloroplast capturing. It has been the
aim of this overview to trace the phylogenetic relationships between the
various phototrophs according to actual, genetically based taxonomy. This
includes the consideration of primary heterotrophs that also exist within the
same groups and some secondary heterotrophs that have lost functional
chloroplasts. The presence of melatonin in these different taxa is discussed
under the aspects of its cyanobacterial or α-proteobacterial origins, as
transmitted by plastidial or mitochondrial ancestors, or by horizontal gene
transfer. Peculiarities of melatonin metabolism that have evolved in some of
these groups are also addressed.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika dengan Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dan Berbantuan Media Kartu Pecahan pada Peserta Didik Kelas V/B SDN-2 Bukit Tunggal Palangkaraya Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Jayanti Niddia , Setyawan Dedy 
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Aktivitas peserta didik dalam belajar matematika dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan berbantuan media kartu pecahan pada kelas V/B SDN-2 Bukit Tunggal Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. (2) Peningkatan hasil belajar matematika dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan berbantuan media kartu pecahan pada kelas V/B SDN-2 Bukit Tunggal Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.
Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V/B SDN-2 Bukit Tunggal yang berjumlah 21 orang peserta didik, yaitu laki-laki 13 orang peserta didik dan perempuan 8 orang peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi dan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Ada peningkatan aktivitas belajar Matematika dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Berbantuan Media Kartu Pecahan pada peserta didik kelas V/B SDN-2 Bukit Tunggal Palangka Raya menjadikan peserta didik menjadi baik. Pada siklus I skor yang diperoleh 2,80 dengan kategori cukup, meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 3,74 dengan kategori baik. (2) Ada peningkatan hasil belajar Matematika peserta didik kelas V/B SDN-2 Bukit Tunggal Palangka Raya dengan menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Berbantuan Media Kartu Pecahan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari tes awal diperoleh nilai rata-rata 44,76 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 38,09%, siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata 66,19 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 61,90% dan pada siklus II diperoleh nilai rata-rata 91,42 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 100%.
Methodological foundations for the interdisciplinary studies of modern book culture
Authors: Lyutov Sergey 
Published: August 2019

The processes of globalization and the challenges of post-industrial civilization expand the boundaries of research in the social and human sciences significantly and dictate the need for close interdisciplinary cooperation in exploring the ways for adapting traditional sociocultural phenomena to the new conditions of the developing information society. The shift in emphasis from studying traditional booklore from the historical aspects to new book culture is increasingly attracting the attention of researcher in the humanities who are trying to comprehend the current state and predict the vectors for the book culture development in the dynamically changing information environment.Over the past quarter of the century, changes in research approaches are obvious: from offering definitions for the “book culture” concept to understanding the multidimensional nature of this phenomenon and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation in the studies. Intensive discussions in academic periodicals demonstrate the diversity of ideas, concepts and research approaches [1].The author analyzes the findings of recent book culture studies from the standpoint of various scientific schools and approaches, provides examples of precise interpretations of philosophical, cultural, documentary aspects of the books’ functioning within the system of culture. The necessity for identifying mutually acceptable guidelines for interdisciplinary cooperation and updating the methodology for studying the books, booklore and book culture is substantiated.
Contamination of Bacillus cereus in Elementary School Snack Food
Authors: Fahani Ayu , Dwiyanti Ratih Dewi , Muhlisin Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Many food snacks have the advantage but still have health risks as evidenced by the many cases of food poisoning, one of the causes of food poisoning is Bacillus cereus. This study aims to determine the amount and percentage of Bacillus cereus pollution on snacks sold in elementary schools. This research is expected to provide information to the public about the presence or absence of bacteria Bacillus cereus contamination. This research uses purposive sampling technique. The sample used in this study was hawker food sold in Elementary School as many as 20 samples consisting of 10 samples that have not fried and ten samples that have cooked. The results of the questionnaire study showed 83% of sellers did not put snacks in closed containers and found Bacillus cereus in meals. Conclusion 9 (45%) of food samples contaminated with Bacillus cereus bacteria
Effectiveness of Dayak (Eleutherine palmifollia (L) Merr) Extracts Against Escherichia coli In Vitro
Authors: Mahmudah Siti , Muntaha Akhmad , Muhlisin Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Dayak onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr) is hereditary used by the Indonesian Kalimantan Dayak community as a medicinal plant with antimicrobial activity. The active ingredient of Dayak onions can inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Dayak extract (Eleutherine palmifollia (L) Merr) in inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli in vitro. This research method is experimental. Posttest Only Control Group Design research design. Research Results Show that Dayak onion extract can inhibit Escherichia coli with concentrations of 10% (6 mm), 20% (8 mm), and 30% (11 mm), 40% (13 mm), 50% (16 mm), 60 % (18 mm) and 70% (20 mm), 80% (20 mm), 90% (24 mm) and 100% (30 mm). The conclusion of the study of Dayak extract has a different effect on the growth of Escherichia coli with a significance value of 0,000
La détention avant jugement en Belgique. Étude empirique des facteurs explicatifs du recours au mandat d’arrêt et de sa durée
Authors: Tange Carrol , Burssens Dieter , Maes Eric 
Published: August 2019

Cet article présente les principaux résultats d’une recherche empirique s’efforçant d’expliquer les évolutions du recours à et de la durée de la détention avant jugement en Belgique. Un ensemble d’hypothèses a été testé sur la base d’une analyse de dossiers gérés entre 1993 et 2008 par les juges d’instruction de trois arrondissements (Bruxelles, Liège et Anvers) et de la réalisation de modèles statistiques des facteurs associés aux décisions et durées observées.
Observations of the performance of earth buildings following the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake
Authors: Morris Hugh , Walker Richard 
Published: August 2019

A reconnaissance survey of earth walled buildings in the Christchurch area was carried out following the February 2011 Christchurch Earthquake. Twenty six earth buildings were inspected during the survey including historic earth buildings and recent reinforced earth buildings. Some of these buildings had previously been inspected following the September 2010 Darfield Earthquake.
The February 2011 Earthquake caused comparable patterns of damage to earth buildings as the September 2010 Darfield earthquake except for unreinforced pressed brick buildings which performed particularly badly. Reinforced earth buildings constructed since the 1990’s performed well during the February 2011 earthquake provided the overall wall bracing was adequate and detailing of the reinforcement and connections were generally in accordance with the NZ Earth Building Standards. Some older unreinforced rammed earth buildings constructed between 1950 and 1980, all of which had reinforced concrete foundations and bond beams, performed relatively well with only minor cracking. Unreinforced cob and adobe buildings in the area of strong shaking suffered significant damage and will require reconstruction or repair of the walls and strengthening of the upper floor or ceiling diaphragms. The performance of six houses are discussed as case studies that cover the range of buildings observed.
A review of post-earthquake building control policies with respect to the recovery of the Christchurch CBD
Authors: Galloway B.D. , Hare H.J. 
Published: August 2019

The Canterbury earthquake sequence was particularly disruptive for building owners and businesses located within the CBD. The initial damage to buildings in the relatively moderate September 2010 earthquake was surpassed by the significantly more damaging February 2011 event, challenging the way in which engineers have traditionally considered earthquake recovery.
Internationally, re-occupation of buildings following an earthquake has been based on the need to get businesses operating from buildings that are rapidly identified as having suffered minor structural damage. However, following the February 2011 earthquake, the shift in risk profile was reflected by limiting re-occupation unless it could be shown that the building also had a minimum capacity to resist earthquakes. This challenges the balance between continuing function and safety in the traditional post-earthquake evaluation process.
The timeframe for commencement of repairs has a significant impact on the speed of recovery. The importance of well defined regulations was highlighted in the well insured Christchurch building market, where legal arguments halted repairs in many instances. There is also a clear need for a modified, streamlined building consent process for the repair of earthquake damaged buildings.
This paper looks at the various building control policies enacted during the Canterbury earthquakes, and their effectiveness in aiding the recovery of the Christchurch CBD.
On-board Protection of Merchant Vessels from the Perspective of International Law
Authors: Feldtmann Birgit 
Published: August 2019

On-board Protection of Merchant Vessels from the Perspective of International Law
The power to regulate on-board protection of merchant vessels lies with the flag state. However, the national models of regulation are not developed in a unilateral vacuum. In fact, the whole concept of flag state jurisdiction and legislative power has to be understood and exercised on the national level in close relation with the general regime of the international law of the sea. The aim of the article is therefore two-fold: first, it aims to provide a background for the country reports in this special issue by giving a brief insight into the problem of piracy in the twenty-first century and the international approaches towards this problem. Here the article also provides an insight into the legal background by presenting the concept of piracy in the law of the sea and connected law enforcement powers. Thus, this part of the article provides the overall context in which the discussions concerning on-board protection and the development of national regulations have occurred. Second, the article analyses the issue of on-board protection from the perspective of the legal framework in international law, as well as relevant international soft-law instruments, influencing the development on the national level. On-board protection of vessels as such is not regulated in the international law; however, international law provides a form of general legal setting, in which flags states navigate. Thus, this article aims to draw a picture of the international context in which flags states develop their specific legal approach.
Armed On-board Protection of Danish Vessels Authorisation and Use of Force in Self-defence in a Legal Perspective
Authors: Frier Christian 
Published: August 2019

Armed On-board Protection of Danish Vessels Authorisation and Use of Force in Self-defence in a Legal Perspective
This article examines the legal issues pertaining to the use of civilian armed guards on board Danish-flagged ships for protection against piracy. The Danish model of regulation is interesting for several reasons. Firstly, the Danish Government was among the first European flag States to allow and formalise their use in a commercial setting. Secondly, the distribution of assignments between public authorities and private actors stands out as very pragmatic, as ship owners and contracting private security companies are empowered with competences which are traditionally considered as public administrative powers. Thirdly, the lex specialis framework governing the authorisation and use of force in self-defence is non-exhaustive, thus referring to lex generalis regulation, which does not take the special circumstances surrounding the use of armed guards into consideration. As a derived effect the private actors involved rely heavily on soft law and industry self-regulation instrument to complement the international and national legal framework.
Armed On-board Protection of German Ships (and by German Companies)
Authors: Salomon Tim R. 
Published: August 2019

Armed On-board Protection of German Ships (and by German Companies)
Germany reacted to the rise of piracy around the Horn of Africa not only by deploying its armed forces to the region, but also by overhauling the legal regime concerning private security providers. It introduced a dedicated licensing scheme mandatory for German maritime security providers and maritime security providers wishing to offer their services on German-flagged vessels. This legal reform resulted in a licensing system with detailed standards for the internal organisation of a security company and the execution of maritime security services. Content wise, the German law borrows broadly from internationally accepted standards. Despite deficits in state oversight and compliance control, the licensing scheme sets a high standard e.g. by mandating that a security team must consist of a minimum of four security guards. The lacking success of the scheme suggested by the low number of companies still holding a license may be due to the fact that ship-owners have traditionally been reluctant to travel high-risk areas under the German flag. Nevertheless, the German law is an example of a national regulation that has had some impact on the industry at large.
Evaluation of the effects of iron containing supplements on primary teeth of children
Authors: Arat Maden Eda , Eker İbrahim , Erdem Onur 
Published: August 2019

Aim: Extrinsic tooth staining potential of iron replacement therapy causes a belief among the parents that these drugs cause tooth decay. In order to clarify this suspicion, the relationship between iron replacement therapy, dental iron concentrations and tooth decay was examined.
Results: There was no significant difference between the DMFT score of children who received regular iron replacement during infancy and who did not recieve. There was not a statistically significant difference between the median iron concentration in the primary teeth of the children who were supplemented with iron in their toddler’s age (10,5 mikrog/gr (5,3-17,3)) and were not supplemented (5,6 mikrog/gr (0,64 – 48,9)).
Conclusions: The results of the study showed that iron replacement had no adverse effect on the primary teeth.

How to cite this article: Arat Maden E, Eker İ, Erdem O. Evaluation of the Effects of Iron Containing Supplements on Primary Teeth of Children. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):46-50.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Mechanical behavior of newly developed glass carbomer-based dental filling material
Authors: Arslanoğlu Zeki , Kale Ediz , Meşe Ayse , Altan Halenur 
Published: August 2019

Aim: This study measured the microhardness of a newly developed glass carbomer dental filling material within the first 24 hours after setting and compared it against that of two different glass ionomers, with and without heating during setting, and a resin-modified glass ionomer.
Methodology: Six cavities were prepared on acrylic resin discs. PMMA blocks were randomly divided into six groups of six cylinders and each cavity was filled with one of the tested materials according to their group. The groups were: Group1, Fuji Triage™ with heat; Group 2, GCP Glass Fill™; Group 3, Equia™ with heat; Group 4, Riva LC™; Group 5, Fuji Triage™; and Group 6, Equia™. Microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness scale using a microindentation hardness tester at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after initial setting of the materials.
Results: After 24 hours, the glass carbomer (GCP Glass Fill™) was not the strongest of the tested materials. Fuji Triage™ with heat applied during setting (Group 1) proved to be the hardest material, while Riva LC™ (Group 4) and GCP Glass Fill™ (Group 2) were the softest. Heating the Fuji Triage™ during the initial setting period significantly increased its physical strength after 24 hours.

How to cite this article: Arslanoğlu Z, Kale E, Meşe A, Altan H. Evaluation of microhardness of newly developed glass carbomer-based dental filling material. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):58-62.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.