bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of German social workers working with refugees
Authors: Hagues Rachel J , Cecil David , Stoltzfus Ken 
Published: July 2019

Summary This study examines the experiences of German social workers who provided services to refugees during the refugee crisis of 2014–2016. Interviews were conducted in 2016 in two regions of Germany, Berlin/Brandenburg ( n = 18) and Würzburg (Bavaria; n = 16). Researchers used a semi-structured interview guide complemented by a five-item Likert-type instrument. Questions explored Social Service Provider’s Background and Training, Refugees’ Needs, Role of Faith in Coping, and Recommendations for Universities and Churches and measure Effectiveness of Services, Adequacy of Resources, Benefits to Refugees, and Extent of Work-Related Stress. Findings A thematic analysis indicates social workers feel Germany has effectively responded to paramount refugee needs. Social workers emphasize the importance of learning to see people “eye-to-eye,” cultivating empathy, cross-cultural competence, overcoming personal biases, and self-reflection. Applications Findings suggest social workers who practice with refugees should devote attention to the development of personal attributes to facilitate effective service delivery (e.g. learning to respond empathetically, practicing self-reflection, and treating refugees as equals) and refining practical skills (e.g. study of refugee and immigration law nationally and internationally and development of cross-cultural knowledge and understanding). Suggestions include learning a greeting in another language or understanding gender roles in different cultures. The usefulness of cultural immersion gained by spending time abroad was highlighted; such experiences allow one to cultivate the ability to be open-minded, encourage the development of a capacity to empathize with members of under-represented groups, and prevent the tendency of seeing refugees or migrants as “the Other” ( Said, 1978 ).
Sonographic Follow-Up of Patients With Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Undergoing in Situ Open Neurolysis or Endoscopic Release: The SPECTRE Study
Authors: Lucchina Stefano , Fusetti Cesare , Guidi Marco 
Published: July 2019

Background:The measurement of cross-sectional area (CSA) is a diagnostic tool to detect entrapments syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcome in elbows undergoing endoscopic and “in situ” open cubital tunnel release for cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) using ultrasound-related changes in the largest CSA of the ulnar nerve. The purpose is to determine the association between clinical outcome and CSA. Methods: From May 2011 to April 2016, 60 patients with CuTS were prospectively followed and not randomly divided in two groups: 30 patients undergoing an endoscopic release (ER) and 30 patients with “in situ” open neurolysis (OR). A sonographic examination was performed by the senior authors at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgical decompression. Results: CSA values were statistically significantly lower in the ER. Hand grip strength difference with Jamar test was not statistically significant a 12 months (39 kg vs 27 kg). Static-2 point discrimination test difference was only statistically significant lower in the endoscopic group at 3, 6 and 12 months but not clinically relevant (5 mm vs 6 mm). The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons—Elbow questionnaire (ASES-e) function score, ASES-e Pain score, and ASES-e Satisfaction score were not statistically significant different between the two groups at 3, 6, and 12 months post operatively. Conclusions: The study confirms that in spite of lower values of CSA in the ER, there is not a statistically significant difference between the two techniques in terms of subjective outcomes. Ultrasound (US) measurements seem to have a limited value in clinical results of patients treated for entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve. Type of study/LOE: Prognostic Level III
Rehabilitation with a stabilizing exercise program in triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions with distal radioulnar joint instability: A pilot intervention study
Authors: Bonhof-Jansen EDJ , Kroon GJ , Brink SM , van Uchelen JH 
Published: July 2019

Introduction It is unclear whether rehabilitation with the use of an exercise program can be an alternative to surgery in distal radioulnar joint instability resulting from injuries of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. The purpose of this study was to gain insights into the feasibility and effects in reducing pain and functional limitations by using distal radioulnar stability training. Methods A prospective pilot cohort intervention study was used including patients with a triangular fibrocartilage complex Palmer 1B lesion and distal radioulnar joint instability. The primary objective was the reduction of pain and functional limitations as measured by the Patient-Rated Wrist-Hand Evaluation. Secondary objectives were to assess number of surgical interventions, treatment sessions, and patient satisfaction. Results Twenty-one patients (mean age: 33.2 years) were included with a median time of symptom onset of eight months (IQR: 5–24). The distal radioulnar stability training program showed a clinically relevant positive change in the Patient-Rated Wrist-Hand Evaluation total and subscale scores when compared to the baseline assessment. Six patients opted for surgical intervention at six months follow-up, and two patients were considering surgery at the long-term follow-up. Conclusion Rehabilitation with stabilizing exercises in patients with distal radioulnar joint instability caused by triangular fibrocartilage complex 1B lesions provides pain relief and increases function. Findings should be validated by further controlled prospective studies.
RAPID-CPU: a prospective study on implementation of the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm and safety of discharge after rule-out of myocardial infarction
Authors: Stoyanov Kiril M , Hund Hauke , Biener Moritz , Gandowitz Jochen , Riedle Christoph , Löhr Julia , Mueller-Hennessen Matthias , Vafaie Mehrshad , Katus Hugo A , Giannitsis Evangelos 
Published: July 2019

Background: Although the value of fast diagnostic protocols in suspected acute coronary syndrome has been validated, there is insufficient real world evidence including patients with lower pre-test probability, atypical symptoms and confounding comorbidities. The feasibility, efficacy and safety of European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1 and 0/3-hour algorithms using high-sensitivity troponin T were evaluated in a consecutive cohort with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Methods: During 12 months, 2525 eligible patients were enrolled. In a pre-implementation period of 6 months, the prevalence of protocols, disposition, lengths of emergency department stay and treatments were registered. Implementation of the 0/1-hour protocol was monitored for another 6 months. Primary endpoints comprised the change of diagnostic protocols and 30-day mortality after direct discharge from the emergency department. Results: Use of the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm increased by 270% at the cost of the standard 0/3-hour protocol. After rule-out (1588 patients), 1309 patients (76.1%) were discharged directly from the emergency department, with an all-cause mortality of 0.08% at 30 days (one death due to lung cancer). Median lengths of stay were 2.9 (1.9–3.8) and 3.2 (2.7–4.4) hours using a single high-sensitivity troponin T below the limit of detection (5 ng/L) at presentation and the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm, respectively, as compared to 5.3 (4.7–6.5) hours using the ESC 0/3-hour rule-out protocol ( P<0.001). Discharge rates increased from 53.9% to 62.8% ( P<0.001), without excessive use of diagnostic resources within 30 days. Conclusion: Implementation of the ESC 0/1-hour algorithm is feasible and safe, is associated with shorter emergency department stay than the ESC 0/3-hour protocol, and an increase in discharge rates. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , Unique identifier: NCT03111862.
Patterns and prognosis of commotio retinae in orbital wall fractures
Authors: Blegen Halward M.J. , Santamaria Joseph A. , Mehta Aditya , Reed Donovan S. , Drayna Paul M. , Davies Brett 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Orbital wall fractures are a significant cause of ocular injury in trauma and are associated with posterior segment pathology. This study aims to characterize patterns and prognosis of commotio retinae following orbital wall fracture. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 294 orbital wall fractures diagnosed by computed tomography imaging from August 2015 to October 2016 at a Level 1 trauma center. Dilated funduscopic exams were assessed for acute posterior segment pathology, focusing specifically on commotio retinae ( N = 38). These were compared with patients with no traumatic retinal findings ( N = 253) to indicate statistically significant differences in the mechanism of injury, fracture pattern, subjective symptoms, radiologic and exam findings, and acute interventions. Results: Commotio was most commonly associated with assault (60.5%, p = 0.004) in a younger patient population, whereas normal retinal exams were more likely after falls from standing (24.1%, p = 0.022). Half of all commotio was found inferiorly and most commonly occurred in medial or inferior wall fracture. Patients with commotio were more likely to have motility deficits (29.7%, p = 0.049) with clinical evidence of entrapment (13.2%, p < 0.001), requiring acute operative repair (15.8%, p = 0.005). Inferior wall fracture was associated with 19.4% surgical intervention in commotio as compared with those with normal funduscopic exams (6.1%, p = 0.012). All patients with follow-up had resolution of commotio and best-corrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better. Conclusion: Retinal pathology is not infrequent in orbital wall fractures. Inferior wall fracture was associated with 19.4% surgical intervention in commotio as compared to those with normal funduscopic exams (6.1%, p = 0.012). A high index of suspicion and thorough investigation is warranted in evaluating these patients.
The splicing factor Sf3b1 regulates erythroid maturation and proliferation via TGFβ signaling in zebrafish
Authors: De La Garza Adriana , Cameron Rosannah C. , Gupta Varun , Fraint Ellen , Nik Sara , Bowman Teresa V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe spliceosomal component Splicing Factor 3B, subunit 1 (SF3B1) is one of the most prevalently mutated factors in the bone marrow failure disorder myelodysplastic syndrome. There is a strong clinical correlation between SF3B1 mutations and erythroid defects, such as refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, but the role of SF3B1 in normal erythroid development is largely unknown. Loss-of-function zebrafish mutants for sf3b1 develop a macrocytic anemia. Here, we explore the underlying mechanism for anemia associated with sf3b1 deficiency in vivo. We found that sf3b1 mutant erythroid progenitors display a G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest with mutant erythrocytes showing signs of immaturity. RNA-sequencing analysis of sf3b1 mutant erythroid progenitors revealed normal expression of red blood cell regulators such as gata1, globin genes, and heme biosynthetic factors, but upregulation of genes in the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway. As TGFβ signaling is a known inducer of quiescence, the data suggest that activation of the pathway could trigger sf3b1 deficiency–induced anemia via cell-cycle arrest. Indeed, we found that inhibition of TGFβ signaling released the G0/G1 block in erythroid progenitors. Surprisingly, removal of this checkpoint enhanced rather than suppressed the anemia, indicating that the TGFβ-mediated cell-cycle arrest is protective for sf3b1-mutant erythrocytes. Together, these data suggest that macrocytic anemia arising from Sf3b1 deficiency is likely due to pleiotropic and distinct effects on cell-cycle progression and maturation.
Analysing for 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane in heritage collections containing solid and medium density flexible linear polyester polyurethanes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Tillotson Robert , Crumplin Timothy E. , Jones Graham J. , Marshall George , Dawson Joe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Polyurethane (PUR) shoe soles from collections held by the Alfred Gillett Trust, stored for up to 50 years, were analysed for the presence of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4′-MDA)—a substance of very high concern in Europe and classified as a carcinogen in USA. A review of the literature revealed no papers on long term room-temperature hydrolysis of urethane or urea linkages leading to the spontaneous formation of 4,4′-MDA in polyester or polyether polyurethanes made from 4,4′-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI). However, evidence emerged of its potential formation and a possible handling hazard was consequently identified in the heritage collection. By chemical analysis, shortcomings in the current literature could be addressed. Calibration of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry equipment showed analysis of 4,4′-MDA was possible down to 1 ppm with an error of 2.5 ppm. No 4,4′-MDA was found in the PUR analyte solutions at a concentration > 1 ppm. Under these experimental parameters the samples were shown to comply with the industrially accepted CertiPUR 2017 standard for commercial slab-stock foams. Furthermore, no 4,4′-MDA was found in solution after an ‘accelerated anaerobic hydrolysis test’ on the sole materials. This test was designed and developed to assess the likelihood of future formation of the aromatic amine via a hydrolysis-only mechanism/s. Finally, 4,4′-MDA itself was heated in air at 70 °C under ‘humid’ conditions to examine its stability. In this experiment the 4,4′-MDA altered in appearance and was reduced to ca 30% of its original weight. Subject to more work, it is conceivable 4,4′-MDA could be formed by hydrolysis, but degraded over time, and not detected in these tests.
Clinical effectiveness of the START (STrAtegies for RelaTives) psychological intervention for family carers and the effects on the cost of care for people with dementia: 6-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Livingston Gill , Manela Monica , O'Keeffe Aidan , Rapaport Penny , Cooper Claudia , Knapp Martin , King Derek , Romeo Renee , Walker Zuzana , Hoe Juanita , Mummery Cath , Barber Julie 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe START (STrAtegies for RelaTives) intervention reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms of family carers of relatives with dementia at home over 2 years and was cost-effective.AimsTo assess the clinical effectiveness over 6 years and the impact on costs and care home admission.MethodWe conducted a randomised, parallel group, superiority trial recruiting from 4 November 2009 to 8 June 2011 with 6-year follow-up (trial registration: ISCTRN 70017938). A total of 260 self-identified family carers of people with dementia were randomised 2:1 to START, an eight-session manual-based coping intervention delivered by supervised psychology graduates, or to treatment as usual (TAU). The primary outcome was affective symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, total score (HADS-T)). Secondary outcomes included patient and carer service costs and care home admission.ResultsIn total, 222 (85.4%) of 173 carers randomised to START and 87 to TAU were included in the 6-year clinical efficacy analysis. Over 72 months, compared with TAU, the intervention group had improved scores on HADS-T (adjusted mean difference −2.00 points, 95% CI −3.38 to −0.63). Patient-related costs (START versus TAU, respectively: median £5759 v. £16 964 in the final year; P = 0.07) and carer-related costs (median £377 v. £274 in the final year) were not significantly different between groups nor were group differences in time until care home (intensity ratio START:TAU was 0.88, 95% CI 0.58–1.35).ConclusionsSTART is clinically effective and this effect lasts for 6 years without increasing costs. This is the first intervention with such a long-term clinical and possible economic benefit and has potential to make a difference to individual carers.Declarations of interestG.L., Z.W. and C.C. are supported by the UCLH National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre. G.L. and P.R. were in part supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) North Thames at Bart's Health NHS Trust. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Z.W. reports during the conduct of the study; personal fees from GE Healthcare, grants from GE Healthcare, grants from Lundbeck, other from GE Healthcare, outside the submitted work.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence: A Model Examination of Physical Symptoms, Emotional Distress, and Health Behavior Change
Authors: Hall Daniel L. , Jimenez Rachel B. , Perez Giselle K. , Rabin Julia , Quain Katharine , Yeh Gloria Y. , Park Elyse R. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE: Fear of cancer recurrence is highly prevalent among adult survivors of cancer. The role of fear of recurrence in the emotional distress of survivors of cancer, as well as health behaviors that may directly affect their health, remains unclear. To advance oncology practice, this study sought to examine the extent to which fear of recurrence stemming from physical symptoms accounts for emotional distress in a large sample of adult survivors of cancer and to extend the model to explain postdiagnosis self-reported health behavior change. METHODS: In 2016, 258 survivors of cancer at an academic hospital completed a survey of psychosocial needs. Items assessed physical symptoms (checklist), fear of cancer recurrence (Assessment of Survivor Concerns), emotional distress (anxiety and depressed mood), and health behaviors (current alcohol use, physical activity, diet, and sunscreen use, as well as changes after cancer diagnosis) informed by National Comprehensive Cancer Network survivorship guidelines. Indirect effects regression models accounting for relevant covariates (age and treatment history) used 5,000-iteration bootstrapping. RESULTS: Higher fear of cancer recurrence was associated with greater number of physical symptoms ( P < .001), greater emotional distress ( P < .05), lower moderate or vigorous physical activity ( P < .05), higher sunscreen use ( P < .05), and postdiagnosis increases in alcohol use ( P < .01) and reductions in physical activity ( P < .01). Fear of cancer recurrence models accounted for almost half of the variance in distress of survivors of cancer ( R2 = 0.44, P < .001) and, to a lesser yet significant extent, changes in alcohol consumption ( R2 = 0.09, P < .001) and physical activity ( R2 = 0.06, P = .003). CONCLUSION: Fear of cancer recurrence plays a central role in the emotional distress and key health behaviors of survivors of cancer. These findings support fear of cancer recurrence as a potential target for emotional health and health behavior change interventions.
68Ga-Exendin-4 PET/CT Detects Insulinomas in Patients With Endogenous Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in MEN-1
Authors: Antwi Kwadwo , Nicolas Guillaume , Fani Melpomeni , Heye Tobias , Pattou Francois , Grossman Ashley , Chanson Philippe , Reubi Jean Claude , Perren Aurel , Gloor Beat , Vogt Deborah R , Wild Damian , Christ Emanuel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Surgical intervention is advised in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1) and nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) with a size ≥20 mm. Functioning PanNETs, such as in patients with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (EHH) due to (one or multiple) insulinomas, should be treated surgically independent of size. Preoperative localization of insulinomas is critical for surgery.

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the detection of clinically relevant lesions in patients with MEN-1 and EHH in combination with MRI.

Design
Post hoc subgroup analysis of a larger prospective imaging study with 52 patients with EHH.

Patients
Six of 52 consecutive patients with EHH and genetically proven MEN-1 mutation were included.

Interventions
All patients received one 68Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT and one MRI scan within 3 to 4 days. Thereafter, surgery was performed based on all imaging results.

Main Outcome Measures
Lesion-based sensitivity of PET/CT and MRI for detection of clinically relevant lesions was calculated. Readers were unaware of other results. The reference standard was surgery with histology and treatment outcome. True positive (i.e., clinically relevant lesions) was defined as PanNETs ≥20 mm or insulinoma.

Results
In six patients, 37 PanNETs were confirmed by histopathology. Sensitivity (95% CI) in the detection of clinically relevant lesions for combined PET/CT plus MRI, MRI, and PET/CT was 92.3% (64% to 99.8%), 38.5% (13.9% to 68.4%), and 84.6% (54.6% to 98.1%), respectively (P = 0.014 for the comparison of PET/CT plus MRI vs MRI). Postsurgery, EHH resolved in all patients.

Conclusion
68Ga-DOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT is feasible in patients with MEN-1 and EHH. The combination with MRI is superior to MRI alone in the detection of insulinomas and may guide the surgical strategy.
Oxidative Stress in Response to Saturated Fat Ingestion Is Linked to Insulin Resistance and Hyperandrogenism in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: González Frank , Considine Robert V , Abdelhadi Ola A , Acton Anthony J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextOxidative stress and insulin resistance are often present in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).ObjectiveWe determined the effect of saturated fat ingestion on leukocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, p47phox expression, and circulating thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS) in women with PCOS.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAcademic medical center.PatientsTwenty women of reproductive age with PCOS (10 lean, 10 with obesity) and 19 ovulatory control subjects (10 lean, 9 with obesity).Main Outcome MeasuresROS generation and p47phox mRNA and protein content were quantified in leukocytes, and TBARS was measured in plasma from blood drawn while the subjects were fasting and 2, 3, and 5 hours after saturated fat ingestion. Insulin sensitivity was derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (ISOGTT). Androgen secretion was assessed from blood drawn while the subjects were fasting and 24, 48, and 72 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration.ResultsRegardless of weight class, women with PCOS exhibited lipid-induced increases in leukocytic ROS generation and p47phox mRNA and protein content as well as plasma TBARS compared with lean control subjects. Both PCOS groups exhibited lower ISOGTT and greater HCG-stimulated androgen secretion compared with control subjects. The ROS generation, p47phox, and TBARS responses were negatively correlated with ISOGTT and positively correlated with HCG-stimulated androgen secretion.ConclusionIn PCOS, increases in ROS generation, p47phox gene expression, and circulating TBARS in response to saturated fat ingestion are independent of obesity. Circulating mononuclear cells and excess adipose tissue are separate and distinct contributors to oxidative stress in this disorder.
Cocatalyst-free Plasmonic H2 Production over Au/Ta2O5 under Irradiation of Visible Light
Authors: Fudo Eri , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gold (Au)-modified tantalum(V) oxide (Ta2O5) prepared by using a colloid photodeposition method produced H2 without the aid of a cocatalyst under visible light irradiation due to the sufficiently negative potential of electrons injected from Au nanoparticles into the conduction band of Ta2O5 (−0.47 V).