bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sliding mode approach to torque and pitch control for an wind energy system using FPGA
Authors: Subudhi Bidyadhar , Suresh Ogeti Pedda 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Wind energy, being a fluctuating resource, requires a tight control management to ensure stability when integrated with the grid system. This has triggered interest towards developing advanced controllers. Hence this paper presents the study of a variable speed wind energy conversion system that uses a Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). Above rated wind speed, pitch control has been applied and below the rated speed torque control has been adopted. Generator torque control is able to reduce the effects of the pitch actuator limitations. Sliding mode control is applied for torque and pitch control in WECS and it has been implemented in MATLAB SIMULINK and FPGA to achieve control of active and reactive power exchange between the stator of the DFIG and the grid. Performance parameters like pitch angle, active, reactive power, turbine speed, and DC voltage has been compared by using SMC, Hill Climbing (HC) Algorithm and Perturb and Observe (P&O) Algorithm and performance for these three methods has been simulated and implemented in FPGA. Total Harmonic Distortion for all the performance parameters has been reported. Hardware implementation of developed algorithm was accomplished with the help of Xilinx system generator and Xilinx Tool Kit.
Hand’s poses recognition as a mean of communication within natural user interfaces
Authors: Wojciechowski A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract.
Natural user interface (NUI) is a successor of command line interfaces (CLI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI) so well known to computer users. A new natural approach is based on extensive human behaviors tracking, where hand tracking and gesture recognition seem to play the main roles in communication. The presented paper reviews common approaches to discussed hand features tracking and provides a very effective proposal of the contour based hand’s poses recognition method which can be straightforwardly used for a hand-based natural user interface. Its possible usage varies from medical systems interaction, through games up to impaired people communication support.
Firefly algorithm in optimization of queueing systems
Authors: Kwiecień J. , Filipowicz B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract.
Queueing theory provides methods for analysis of complex service systems in computer systems, communications, transportation networks and manufacturing. It incorporates Markovian systems with exponential service times and a Poisson arrival process. Two queueing systems with losses are also briefly characterized. The article describes firefly algorithm, which is successfully used for optimization of these queueing systems. The results of experiments performed for selected queueing systems have been also presented.
Pilot-scale studies on NOx removal from flue gas via NO ozonation and absorption into NaOH solution
Authors: Jakubiak Maciej P. ,   Kordylewski
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper presents results of experimental studies on removal of NOx from flue gas via NO ozonation and wet scrubbing of products of NO oxidation in NaOH solutions. The experiment was conducted in a pilot plant installation supplied with flue gas from a coal-fired boiler at the flow rate 200 m3/h. The initial mole fraction of NOx,ref in flue gas was approx. 220 ppm, the molar ratio X = O3/NOref varied between 0 and 2.5. Ozone (O3 content 1÷5% in oxygen) was injected into the flue gas channel before the wet scrubber. The effect of the mole ratio X, the NaOH concentration in the absorbent, the liquid-to-gas ratio (L/G) and the initial NOx concentration on the efficiency of NOx removal was examined. Two domains of the molar ratio X were distinguished in which denitrification was governed by different mechanisms: for X ≤ 1.0 oxidation of NO to NO2 predominates with slow absorption of NO2, for X >> 1.0 NO2 undergoes further oxidation to higher oxides being efficiently absorbed in the scrubber. At the stoichiometric conditions (X = 1) the effectiveness of NO oxidation was better than 90%. However, the effectiveness of NOx removal reached only 25%. When ozonation was intensified (X ≥ 2.25) about 95% of NOx was removed from flue gas. The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous solution and the liquid-to-gas ratio in the absorber had little effect on the effectiveness of NOx removal for X > 2.
Mathematical model for biological cell deformation in a cylindrical pore
Authors: Szwast Maciej , Suchecka Teresa , Piątkiewicz Wojciech 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Some studies show that cells are able to penetrate through pores that are smaller than cell size. It concerns especially Red Blood Cells but it also may concern different types of biological cells. Such penetration of small pores is a very significant problem in the filtration process, for example in micro- or ultrafiltration. Deformability of cells allows them to go through the porous membrane and contaminate permeate. This paper shows how cells can penetrate small cylindrical holes and tries to assess mechanical stress in a cell during this process. A new mathematical approach to this phenomenon was presented, based on assumptions that were made during the microscopic observation of Red Blood Cell aspiration into a small capillary. The computational model concerns Red Blood Cell geometry. The mathematical model allows to obtain geometrical relation as well as mechanical stress relations.
CFD analysis of mixing intensity in jet stirred reactors
Authors: Gil Iwona , Mocek Piotr 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The homogeneous stirred reactor designed for kinetic studies of the combustion of hydrocarbons with intensive internal recirculation in high temperature combustion chamber is described. The originality of our reactor lies in its construction which allows to intensively mix fuel and flue gases, measure gas temperature as well as obtain samples which can be used to investigate diffusion flames. The cylindrical construction enables to use the reactor in laboratory cylindrical electrically heated ovens. The CFD analysis of the reactors, the mixing parameters (turbulent Peclet number and mixing level) and the volume average temperature in the reactors were elaborated on the basis of the typical dimensions of classical reactors to kinetics research as well as the own reactor design. The results of the analysis allow to reveal advantages of our construction.
Comparison of Advanced Signal-Processing Methods for Roller Bearing Faults Detection
Authors: Urbanek Jacek , Barszcz Tomasz , Uhl Tadeusz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Wind turbines are nowadays one of the most promising energy sources. Every year, the amount of energy produced from the wind grows steadily. Investors demand turbine manufacturers to produce bigger, more efficient and robust units. These requirements resulted in fast development of condition-monitoring methods. However, significant sizes and varying operational conditions can make diagnostics of the wind turbines very challenging.
The paper shows the case study of a wind turbine that had suffered a serious rolling element bearing (REB) fault. The authors compare several methods for early detection of symptoms of the failure. The paper compares standard methods based on spectral analysis and a number of novel methods based on narrowband envelope analysis, kurtosis and cyclostationarity approach.
The very important problem of proper configuration of the methods is addressed as well. It is well known that every method requires setting of several parameters. In the industrial practice, configuration should be as standard and simple as possible. The paper discusses configuration parameters of investigated methods and their sensitivity to configuration uncertainties
Generation of a Zone Chirp in Uniform Bragg Grating is a Way of Obtaining Double Functionality of a Sensor
Authors: Kisała Piotr 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a method of using a sensor with uniform Bragg grating with appropriately generated zone chirp. The presented method can be used for measuring two physical quantities, namely strain and temperature. By providing the same temperature sensitivity and different sensitivity to strain of two parts of a sensor, and experimental measurement of qualities of the proposed system and its calibration (experimental determination of sensitivity), verification of the results obtained from laboratory tests and the possibility of its practical implementation has been confirmed. The sensor grating was placed in such a way that its half was in the zone of a variable value of axial strain caused by changes of the cross-section of the sample. The other half, however, was in the zone of a constant cross-section of the sample and of constant value of strain, caused by the force stretching the sample. The obtained errors of non-linearity of processing characteristics for measuring strain and temperature of the proposed system were 2.7% and 1.5% respectively, while coefficients of sensitivity to strain and temperature were 0.77 x 10-6 m/e and 4.13 x 10-12 m/K respectively. The maximum differences between the values obtained from the indirect measurement and the set values were 110 μe for strain and 3.8°C for temperature, for a strain of 2500 μe and a temperature of 40°C.
Study on Ballistocardiogram Acquisition in a Moving Wheelchair with Embedded Sensors
Authors: Pinheiro Eduardo , Postolache Octavian , Girão Pedro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Embedding cardiac system sensing devices in wheelchairs is both necessary and attractive. Elders, diabetics, or stroke victims are a substantial group needing permanent cardiac monitoring, without restriction of their already limited mobility. A set of sensing devices was embedded in a wheelchair to monitor the user without his awareness and intervention. A dual-wavelength reflection photoplethysmogram (PPG), and a ballistocardiogram (BCG) based on MEMS accelerometers and on electromechanical film sensors are output by the hardware. Tests were conduced on twenty one subjects, for an immobility scenario. Additional recordings were made for helped propulsion over a tiled floor course, with good results in keeping track of acceleration BCG and PPG. A treadmill was also used for tests, providing a smooth floor and constant speed and inclination. The PPG and acceleration BCG could be continuously monitored in all the tests. The developed system proves to be a good solution to monitor cardiac activity of wheelchair users even during motion.
Standard Uncertainty Determination of the Mean for Correlated Data Using Conditional Averaging
Authors: Kowalczyk Adam , Szlachta Anna , Hanus Robert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The correlation of data contained in a series of signal sample values makes the estimation of the statistical characteristics describing such a random sample difficult. The positive correlation of data increases the arithmetic mean variance in relation to the series of uncorrelated results. If the normalized autocorrelation function of the positively correlated observations and their variance are known, then the effect of the correlation can be taken into consideration in the estimation process computationally. A significant hindrance to the assessment of the estimation process appears when the autocorrelation function is unknown. This study describes an application of the conditional averaging of the positively correlated data with the Gaussian distribution for the assessment of the correlation of an observation series, and the determination of the standard uncertainty of the arithmetic mean. The method presented here can be particularly useful for high values of correlation (when the value of the normalized autocorrelation function is higher than 0.5), and for the number of data higher than 50. In the paper the results of theoretical research are presented, as well as those of the selected experiments of the processing and analysis of physical signals.
Measurement Procedure of Ring Motion with the Use of Highspeed Camera During Electromagnetic Expansion
Authors: Janiszewski Jacek 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An optical measurement method of radial displacement of a ring sample during its expansion with velocity of the order 172 m/s and estimation technique of plastic flow stress of a ring material on basis of the obtained experimental data are presented in the work. To measure the ring motion during the expansion process, the Phantom v12 digital high-speed camera was applied, whereas the specialized TEMA Automotive software was used to analyze the obtained movies. Application of the above-mentioned tools and the developed measuring procedure of the ring motion recording allowed to obtain reliable experimental data and calculation results of plastic flow stress of a copper ring with satisfactory accuracy.
Molecular analysis of a fragment of gene E1B 19K of canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) isolated from dogs with symptoms of cough
Authors: Kalinowski M. , Adaszek Ł. , Miłoszowska P. , Skrzypczak M. , Ziętek-Barszcz A. , Kutrzuba J. , Grądzki Z. , Winiarczyk S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform molecular analysis of canine adenovirus 2 (CAV-2) E1B 19K gene fragment isolated from 20 dogs of various breeds (12 males and 8 females aged 1-9 years), with clinical symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, from the Lubelszczyzna region. Nasal swabs were taken from dogs. DNA of CAV-2 was detected using the PCR method in 16 swabs. All PCR products were sequenced, and the obtained sequences were compared with each other and with the sequence of the E1B 19K gene of the CAV-2 strain from an online database of NCBI GenBank: AC 000003. Based on analysis of the obtained sequences, three polymorphic variants of CAV-2 (No.1-3) with homology of 78 - 100% were distinguished. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the most frequently represented polymorphic variant, No. 1, differed from the sequences of polymorphic variant No. 2 with one substitution. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the E1B 19K gene of CAV-2 AC 000003 differed from the analogous sequences of representatives of variant No. 1 with 44 nucleotide and 19 amino acid substitutions. The small number of nucleotide differences in the E1B 19K CAV-2 gene among the examined own isolates, compared with AC 000003, suggest that the infections in dogs were caused by a relatively genetically stable virus which occurs in eastern Poland.
Morphometric measurements of the seminiferous tubules of the testes in 2-year-old and 3-year-old European bison males with or without spermiogenesis
Authors: Czykier E. , Bierła J.B. , Góral K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The area, perimeter and diameter of the seminiferous tubules in the European bison Bison bonasus (L.) were statistically higher in the animals with than in those without spermiogenesis, both among 2-year-old and 3-year-old males (p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001).
Effects of antibiotics on acquired immunity in vivo – current state of knowledge
Authors: Pomorska-Mól M. , Pejsak Z. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAntibiotics are widely used in the therapy of infections. Besides the respective interactions between antibiotics and pathogens it seems that antibiotics also directly interact with the immune system. Some commonly used antibiotics are currently known to have effects on the innate immune response, as shown byin vitro, ex vivoand alsoin vivoanimal experiments and clinical studies. Most of the experimental papers published to date, as well as most reviews, relate to how antibiotics affect the innate immune response or non-specific monocyte or lymphocyte proliferation. However the effects of antibiotics on the adaptive immune response are still not well characterized. This review of the literature considering differentin vivoexperiments indicate the real importance of interrelations existing between acquired immune responses and antibiotics, however, the mechanism of immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics are still poorly understood. Currently, data on the immunomodulating effects of antibiotics often remain heterogeneous, contradictory or insufficient, but most results published to date revealed the immunosuppressive effect of antibiotics on the antigen- specific immune responsein vivo. In pigs as well as in poultry herds, it is not uncommon practice to add antibiotics to drinking water or feed at the time of vaccination. Information on the effects of such practices on the immune system of animals is restricted and morein vivostudies are needed to investigate the effects of antimicrobial drugs on the immune system, especially in the field conditions.
Laboratory and industrial synthesis of remifentanil
Authors: Mathia František , Marchalín Štefan , Végh Daniel , Bobošíková Mária , Halinkovičová Michaela 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The submitted review aims at critical evaluation of known synthetic procedures utilized both for laboratory and industrial production of the synthetic analgesic - remifentanil as to their simplicity, published yield and atom economy.
3-(2-Heteroaryl)-pyrazolotetrazoles – a subunits for losartan-like structures
Authors: Andicsová Anita , Lásiková Angelika , Fronc Marek , Kožíšek Jozef , Végh Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A modification of biphenylyltetrazole moiety of Losartan (A) by 3-(2-heteroaryl)-pyrazolotetrazole (B) is described. Ketone semicarbazones react with two moles of phosphorus oxychloride-dimethylformamide with the formation of 3-substituted pyrazol-4-carbaldehydes. The transformations of 3-substituted pyrazole-4- carboxaldehydes to 3-substituted pyrazole-4-nitriles were carried out by reaction of hydroxylamine in DMFA. The prepared cyano pyrazoles were converted to tetrazoles by heating with trimethylsilylazide and dibuthyltinoxide in toluene.
Song Description of Zubovski’s Bush-Cricket, Isophya Zubowskii (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae)
Authors: Iorgu Ionuţ Ştefan , Iorgu Elena Iulia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The bush-cricket Isophya zubowskii Bey-Bienko, 1954 was surveyed in the period 2002- 2012 in 11 locations from Romania. The calling song, described hereby for the first time, consists of a long series of syllables, each formed by 85-118 impulses and lasting for 236-319 ms in the populations near Iaşi, while the individuals from three other populations in Southern Romania produce shorter syllables, consisting of 74-105 impulses and, lasting for 182-251 ms. Sound frequency ranges in the interval 10-40 kHz, with highest peak at about 18-26 kHz. Based on the description of its calling song, we conclude that Isophya zubowskii belongs to the Isophya kraussii species group.
Drivers’ Age, Gender, Driving Experience, and Aggressiveness as Predictors of Aggressive Driving Behaviour
Authors: Perepjolkina Viktorija , Reņģe Viesturs 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the problem of aggressive driving. In the present
study two demographic variables (gender and age), two non-psychological driving-experience
related variables (annual mileage and legal driving experience in years) and aggressiveness as
a personality trait (including behavioural and affective components) as psychological variable
of individual differences were examined as potential predictors of aggressive driving. The aim
of the study was to find out the best predictors of aggressive driving behaviour. The study was
based on an online survey, and 228 vehicle drivers in Latvia participated in it. The questionnaire
included eight-item Aggressive Driving Scale (Bone & Mowen, 2006), short Latvian version
of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ; Buss & Perry, 1992), and questions gaining
demographic and driving experience information. Gender, age and annual mileage predicted
aggressive driving: being male, young and with higher annual driving exposure were associated
with higher scores on aggressive driving. Dispositional aggressiveness due to anger component
was a significant predictor of aggressive diving score. Physical aggression and hostility were
unrelated to aggressive driving. Altogether, the predictors explained a total of 28% of the
variance in aggressive driving behaviour. Findings show that dispositional aggressiveness,
especially the anger component, as well as male gender, young age and higher annual mileage
has a predictive validity in relation to aggressive driving. There is a need to extend the scope of
potential dispositional predictors pertinent to driving aggression.
Systematics and faunistics of Grapholitini, 2: Ethelgoda Heinrich, Ofatulena Heinrich, Cyanocydia gen. n., and Metacydia gen. n.
Authors: Razowski Józef , Becker Vitor O. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
. Neotropical members of four genera of Grapholitini are treated: Ethelgoda HEINRICH, Ofatulena HEINRICH, Cyanocydia gen. n., and Metacydia gen. n. Five species are described as new: Ethelgoda escarcegae sp. n., E. anfracta sp. n., E. stynophra sp. n., Ofatulenalathetica sp. n., and Metacydia polyseta sp. n.
Splanchnic Circulation in Small for Date Newborns
Authors: Paulusova E , Stillova L , Haskova K , Matasova K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Hypotrophic newborn is a newborn with birth weight below the 5th percentile weight of corresponding gestational age. Hypotrophic infants have higher morbidity and mortality in comparison with eutrophic neonates. A higher incidence of hypoglycemia, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia, perinatal asphyxia and caesarean section occurs typically in hypotrophic newborns. Both, intrauterine hemodynamic dysbalance and centralization of circulation due to hypotrophy cause decreased blood flow to the splanchnic circulation after the birth. There was observed a lower increase in blood flow through the coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery in comparison with eutrophic newborns during the first postnatal week. These facts are likely to be associated with a higher frequency of abdominal problems and necrotizing enterocolitis.
Adsorption of nitrate from aqueous solution onto modified cassava (Manihot esculenta) straw / Adsorpcja azotanów z roztworu wodnego na zmodyfikowanej słomie manioku Manihot esculenta
Authors: Li Wang , Mo Weiming , Kang Caiyan , Zhang Minjun , Meng Mianwu , Chen Menglin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The performance of a new anion exchanger prepared from raw cassava straw (RCS), for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions was evaluated in this study. The cassava straw was modified by epichlorohydrin in the presence of pyridine. The influencing factors, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics model of nitrate adsorption onto the modified cassava straw (MCS) were studied. The results showed that the zeta potentials of RCS and MCS were -20.5 mV and +37.3 mV, nitrogen contents (N %) of RCS and MCS were 0.43 and 4.96%, respectively. The best nitrate removal results was reached at 0.2 g of adsorbent dosage and pH range of 6.0÷12.0. The modified cassava straw adsorbed nitrate(V) quickly, reaching equilibrium within 30 minutes. The kinetics of nitrate adsorption at different initial concentrations (25, 50 and 75 mg/dm3) all fit a second order reaction. The adsorption rates were controlled by both membrane diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. The adsorption data fit the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.14, 2.00 and 1.81 mmol/dm3 at 293, 303, and 313 K, respectively.