bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choctaw as a Window into the Clitic/Agreement Split
Authors: Tyler Matthew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Choctaw verb hosts argument‐referencing morphemes that could plausibly be analyzed as φ‐agreement affixes or argument‐doubling clitics. I argue that (almost) all the morphemes in question are clitics, on the basis of several state‐of‐the‐art tests. The bulk of the argumentation comes from two of the morphemes’ properties in particular: firstly, they participate in clitic‐climbing alternations, and secondly, they are able to license the extrinsic plural markeroklah, an element with the syntactic licensing conditions typical of floating quantifiers. Following much work proposing that clitics have the syntactic status of determiner heads in an A‐movement chain with theirDPassociate, I show that the properties just outlined follow straightforwardly from a clitic analysis, but would not be predicted under a φ‐agreement analysis.
Zircon fission‐track ages from Newfoundland—A proxy for high geothermal gradients and exhumation before opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Willner Arne P. , Thomson Stuart N. , Glodny Johannes , Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Romer Rolf L. , van Staal Cees R. , Zagorevski Alexandre 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing Appalachian orogenesis, metamorphic rocks in central Newfoundland were exhumed and reburied under Tournaisian strata. New zircon fission‐track (ZFT) ages of metamorphic rocks below the Tournaisian unconformity yield post‐depositionally reset ages of 212–235 Ma indicating regional fluid‐absent reheating to at least ≥220°C. Post‐Tournaisian sedimentary thicknesses in surrounding basins show that burial alone cannot explain such temperatures, thus requiring that palaeo‐geothermal gradients increased to ≥30–40°C/km before final late Triassic accelerated cooling. We attribute these elevated palaeo‐geothermal gradients to localized thermal blanketing by insulating sediments overlying radiogenic high‐heat‐producing granitoids. Late Triassic rifting and magmatism before break up of Pangaea likely also contributed to elevated heat flow, as well as uplift, triggering late Triassic accelerated cooling and exhumation. Thermochronological ages of 240–200 Ma are seen throughout Atlantic Canada, and record rifting and basaltic magmatism on the conjugate margins of the Central Atlantic Ocean preceding the onset of oceanic spreading at ~190 Ma.
Environmental flow assessment for rivers feeding a coastal wetland complex in the Pacific coast of northwest Mexico
Authors: Hernández‐Guzmán Rafael , Ruiz‐Luna Arturo , Cervantes‐Escobar Aimée 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrological variability is one of the main drivers for rivers structure, and functionality, making the environmental flow (EF) assessment a key element to understand some ecological processes depending on it. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the EF regime for the main rivers feeding a coastal wetland complex in northwest Mexico, following the hydrologic methodology officially approved by the Mexican National Water Commission based on daily data series (1975–2014). A mean annual runoff around 11 556 Mm3 was estimated to feed the Marismas Nacionales (MN) wetlands system from the discharge of seven rivers. It is expected that the estimated flows, regarded as necessary for the MN system to function properly as a whole, will change because of regional hydraulic infrastructure plans, threatening the discharge of the San Pedro and Baluarte rivers by reducing the flow significantly with negative effects on the MN wetlands.
Weed interference with no‐till soyabeans influenced by fine‐scale covariation between soil properties and cover crop performance
Authors: Eslami S V , Davis A S 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBalancing trade‐offs in conservation agriculture between the conflicting impacts of soil disturbance on crop yield and soil quality is complicated by the need for adequate weed management, especially in production systems with low, or no, reliance upon herbicides. Production of soyabeans no‐till planted into a rolled‐crimped cereal rye cover crop is attracting increasing farmer interest. Experimental work on this approach to date has provided inferences at the field scale and above, helping to identify broad recommendation domains for best management practices. For individual growers, however, fine‐scale information may also be helpful for making in‐field adjustments to refine the system. In a three‐year field study in Illinois, USA, we quantified key associations among no‐till soyabean performance in a rolled rye system and decametre‐scale variation in soil characteristics, cover crop performance and weed growth. Subfield variation in soil properties had both direct and indirect effects on soyabean yield. Local soil potassium limitation was linked to reduced rye height, which in turn indirectly reduced soyabean yields through decreased weed suppression by the cover crop. Slow‐draining field areas that were still moist at the time of cover crop termination were associated with lower soyabean stands, directly reducing yields. Although the subfield characteristics influencing soyabean and cover crop performance may vary from farm to farm, this study highlights potential gains to be realised in this production system from a better understanding of how such properties covary at fine spatial scales and taking steps to create an environment conducive to maximising cover crop establishment and growth.
Heat Transfer and Friction Measurement in Pin-Fin Arrays Under Mist Flow Condition
Authors: Wang Szu-Kai , Liu Yao-Hsien 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Effects of air/water mist flow on endwall heat transfer in a square channel were experimentally investigated using infrared thermography. The purpose was to study the detailed heat transfer contour variation caused by the generation of the liquid films. The surface was roughened with staggered partial pin-fin arrays to enhance flow mixing and liquid entrainment. Two streamwise spacings (Xp/d = 3 and 6) of the fin array were investigated. The gas Reynolds number ranged from 7900 to 24,000. The calculated droplet deposition velocity was comparable to the literature results and was not substantially affected by the gas Reynolds number or fin spacing. For the pin-fin array, heat transfer was dominated by the water accumulation and liquid film formation, which was dependent on the carrier gas flow rate and fin spacing. Furthermore, thick liquid fragments entrained between the fins substantially enhanced local convective heat transfer coefficients. The average heat transfer enhancement on the finned surfaces using mist flow was four times as high as the air flow. The pressure drop from the mist flow was two times as high as the air flow.
Drillstring Failure—Identification, Modeling, and Experimental
Characterization
Authors: Abdo Jamil , Hassan Edris M. , Boulbrachene Khaled , Kwak Jan C. T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Drilling is one of the costliest and risky activities in oil and gas industry due to complexity of interactions with downhole formation. Under such conditions, the uncertainty of drillstring behavior increases, and hence, it becomes difficult to predict the causes, occurrences, and types of failures. Lateral and torsional vibrations often cause failure of bottom hole assembly (BHA), drillstring failure, drill bit, and wall borehole damages. In this work, a model is presented to determine the impact of lateral and torsional vibrations on a drillstring during the drilling operation. The model aims to mimic real drillstring behavior inside a wellbore with regards to its dynamic movements due to multiple real situations such as eccentricity of collars, drill pipe sections, and stick-slip phenomena occurring due to the interaction of the bit and the drillstring with the well formation. The work aims to develop a basis for determining critical operating speeds and design parameters to provide safe drilling procedures and reduce drillstring fatigue failure. Lagrangian approach is used in this study to attain drillstring lateral and torsional vibration coupling equations. The nonlinear equations are solved numerically to obtain the response of the system. In this work, we also present a brief description of an in-house constructed experimental setup. The setup has the capability to imitate the downhole lateral and torsional vibration modes. Parameters from the experimental investigations are incorporated for validation of the mathematical models and for prediction of the drillstring fatigue life. Such investigations are essential for oil/gas industries as they provide solutions as well as recommendations about operating speed, lateral and torsional amplitudes measurements and corrections, and the conditions for avoiding occurrence of natural frequency(ies) of the system.
Operating Hydrogen Gas Transmission Pipelines at Pressures Above
21 MPa
Authors: Drexler Elizabeth S. , Amaro Robert L. , Slifka Andrew J. , Bradley Peter E. , Lauria Damian S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The economical and efficient transportation of hydrogen gas is necessary for it to become a widespread source of energy. One way to improve the economics is to lower the cost of building hydrogen gas pipelines. The recent modification to the ASME B31.12 Code for Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines begins to lower the cost of building pipelines for hydrogen service by allowing the use of high-strength steel that will provide the same margin of safety with thinner pipe walls. Less steel directly impacts the cost of materials and welding. A means of improving efficiency would be to increase the hydrogen gas pressure to augment the volume of products transmitted through the pipeline. The recent B31.12 code modification characterized dozens of fatigue crack growth test results conducted in hydrogen gas pressurized up to 21 MPa with an upper boundary of fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), defined as a function where all measured FCGRs fall below this boundary. In this study, different pipe geometries, strengths, and pressures with established design protocols were evaluated to determine if the code would require further modifications should linepipes be designed for higher hydrogen gas pressures, up to 34 MPa. It was shown through a numerical exercise that the code could be minimally modified and safety margins would be adequate for those pressures for steels up to and including API-5 L Grade X70.
Sound Absorption Characteristic of Glass and Plastic Bottles: Considerations of Their Dependences on Material Properties
Authors: Iwase Teruo , Sugie Satoshi , Kurono Hiroyasu , Abe Masayuki , Okada Yasuaki , Yoshihisa Koichi 
Published: October 2018

Great number of bottles made by glass, plastic and metal are used to store beverages, liquid ingredients as water, milk, vinegar and also liqueur. Empty bottles after usage are collected for recycling use and resources. Many of them have narrow open mouth and look like typical shape in kinds of Helmholtz resonator. Authors thought that their reuse for functional building parts with sound absorption would be very valuable from points of view of green building and environmental policies, and authors then measured each resonance frequency and sound absorption coefficient of representative, including light-soft-plastic, bottles, with net capacity from 7 to 2000 ml, by setting on the edge of sound tube with diameter of 100 mm.
Sound resonances with sound absorption coefficient of 0.3–1.0 at frequencies from 100 to 1000 Hz clearly depending on the capacity could be confirmed. It was also found that measured result was well matched to the numerical calculation based on acoustic impedance change at each section area gradually changed in bottle. It is thought that combination use of recycled bottles with independent resonance frequency is more effective than use of new uniform perforated plates for wide space where we need additional sound absorption in certain frequency range.
Disrupted Synthesis of a Di-
N
-acetylated Sugar Perturbs Mature Glycoform Structure and Microheterogeneity in the
O
-Linked Protein Glycosylation System of Neisseria elongata subsp.
glycolytica
Authors: Wang Nelson , Anonsen Jan Haug , Viburiene Raimonda , Lam Joseph S. , Vik Åshild , Koomey Michael 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

The genus
Neisseria
includes three major species of importance to human health and disease (
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
,
Neisseria meningitidis
, and
Neisseria lactamica
) that express broad-spectrum
O
-linked protein glycosylation (Pgl) systems. The potential for related Pgl systems in other species in the genus, however, remains to be determined. Using a strain of
Neisseria elongata
subsp.
glycolytica
, a unique tetrasaccharide glycoform consisting of di-
N
-acetylbacillosamine and glucose as the first two sugars followed by a rare sugar whose mass spectrometric fragmentation profile was most consistent with di-
N
-acetyl hexuronic acid and a
N
-acetylhexosamine at the nonreducing end has been identified. Based on established mechanisms for UDP-di-
N
-acetyl hexuronic acid biosynthesis found in other microbes, we searched for genes encoding related pathway components in the
N. elongata
subsp.
glycolytica
genome. Here, we detail the identification of such genes and the ensuing glycosylation phenotypes engendered by their inactivation. While the findings extend the conservative nature of microbial UDP-di-
N
-acetyl hexuronic acid biosynthesis, mutant glycosylation phenotypes reveal unique, relaxed specificities of the glycosyltransferases and oligosaccharyltransferases to incorporate pathway intermediate UDP-sugars into mature glycoforms.

IMPORTANCE
Broad-spectrum protein glycosylation (Pgl) systems are well recognized in bacteria and archaea. Knowledge of how these systems relate structurally, biochemically, and evolutionarily to one another and to others associated with microbial surface glycoconjugate expression is still incomplete. Here, we detail reverse genetic efforts toward characterization of protein glycosylation mutants of
N. elongata
subsp.
glycolytica
that define the biosynthesis of a conserved but relatively rare UDP-sugar precursor. The results show both a significant degree of intra- and transkingdom conservation in the utilization of UDP-di-
N
-acetyl-glucuronic acid and singular properties related to the relaxed specificities of the
N. elongata
subsp.
glycolytica
system
Incidence of tuberculosis and the influence of surveillance strategy on tuberculosis case-finding and all-cause mortality: a cluster randomised trial in Indian neonates vaccinated with BCG
Authors: Jenum Synne , Selvam Sumithra , Jesuraj Nelson , Ritz Christian , Hesseling Anneke C , Cardenas Vicky , Lau Esther , Doherty T Mark , Grewal Harleen M S , Vaz Mario 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionAccurate tuberculosis (TB) incidence and optimal surveillance strategies are pertinent to TB vaccine trial design. Infants are a targeted population for new TB vaccines, but data from India, with the highest global burden of TB cases, is limited.MethodsIn a population-based prospective trial conducted between November 2006 and July 2008, BCG-vaccinated neonates in South India were enrolled and cluster-randomised to active or passive surveillance. We assessed the influence of surveillance strategy on TB incidence, case-finding rates and all-cause mortality. Predefined criteria were used to diagnose TB. All deaths were evaluated using a verbal autopsy.Results4382 children contributed to 8164 person-years (py) of follow-up (loss to follow-up 6.9%); 749 children were admitted for TB evaluation (active surveillance: 641; passive surveillance: 108). The TB incidence was 159.2/100 000 py and the overall case-finding rate was 3.19 per 100 py (95% CI 0.82 to 18.1). Whereas, the case-finding rate for definite TB was similar using active or passive case finding, the case-finding rate for probable TB was 1.92/100 py (95% CI 0.83 to 3.78) with active surveillance, significantly higher than 0.3/100 py (95% CI 0.01 to 1.39, p=0.02) with passive surveillance. Compared to passive surveillance, children with active surveillance had decreased risk of dying (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.47 to 0.98) which was mostly attributable to reduction of death from pneumonia/respiratory infections (OR 0.34, 95%CI 0.14 to 0.80).ConclusionWe provide reliable estimates of TB incidence in South Indian children <2 years of age. Active surveillance increased the case-finding rates for probable TB and was associated with reduced all-cause mortality.
TORUS
Authors: Sinha Roopak , Dowdeswell Barry , Zhabelova Gulnara , Vyatkin Valeriy 
Published: October 2018

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) contain intertwined and distributed software, hardware, and physical components to control complex physical processes. They find wide application in industrial systems, such as smart grid protection systems, which face increasingly complex communication and computation needs. Due to the scale and complexity of the interactions that occur within CPS, tracing requirements through to the system components and software code that implement them is often hard. Existing requirements management systems do not scale well, and traceability is difficult to implement and maintain in highly heterogeneous systems. However, the information trace that links provide is crucial for supporting testing and certification activities in safety-critical environments such as smart grids.

The well-formed models of power systems provided by the IEC 61850 standard and the software design structure provided by the IEC 61499 Function Blocks standard can be leveraged to automate many traceability operations. We present Traceability of Requirements Using Splices (TORUS), a novel traceability framework for the development of large-scale safety-critical CPS. TORUS introduces
splices
, autonomous graph-based data structures that automatically create and manage trace links between requirements and components through the inevitable changes that occur during system development. The formal, graph-based structure of TORUS lends itself well to the development of sophisticated algorithms to automate the extraction of useful traceability information such as historical records and metrics for requirements coverage and component coupling. By capturing not only the current state of the system but also historical information, TORUS allows project teams to see a much richer view of the system and its artifacts.

We apply TORUS to the development of a protection system for smart grid substations. In addition, through a number of experiments in splice creation, modification, and application of automated algorithms, we show that TORUS scales easily to large systems containing hundreds of thousands of requirements and system components and millions of possible trace links.
Cross-modal phonetic encoding facilitates the McGurk illusion and phonemic restoration
Authors: Abbott Noelle T. , Shahin Antoine J. 
Published: October 2018

In spoken language, audiovisual (AV) perception occurs when the visual modality influences encoding of acoustic features (e.g., phonetic representations) at the auditory cortex. We examined how visual speech (mouth movements) transforms phonetic representations, indexed by changes to the N1 auditory evoked potential (AEP). EEG was acquired while human subjects watched and listened to videos of a speaker uttering consonant vowel (CV) syllables, /ba/ and /wa/, presented in auditory-only or AV congruent or incongruent contexts or in a context in which the consonants were replaced by white noise (noise replaced). Subjects reported whether they heard “ba” or “wa.” We hypothesized that the auditory N1 amplitude during illusory perception (caused by incongruent AV input, as in the McGurk illusion, or white noise-replaced consonants in CV utterances) should shift to reflect the auditory N1 characteristics of the phonemes conveyed visually (by mouth movements) as opposed to acoustically. Indeed, the N1 AEP became larger and occurred earlier when listeners experienced illusory “ba” (video /ba/, audio /wa/, heard as “ba”) and vice versa when they experienced illusory “wa” (video /wa/, audio /ba/, heard as “wa”), mirroring the N1 AEP characteristics for /ba/ and /wa/ observed in natural acoustic situations (e.g., auditory-only setting). This visually mediated N1 behavior was also observed for noise-replaced CVs. Taken together, the findings suggest that information relayed by the visual modality modifies phonetic representations at the auditory cortex and that similar neural mechanisms support the McGurk illusion and visually mediated phonemic restoration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a variant of the McGurk illusion experimental design (using the syllables /ba/ and /wa/), we demonstrate that lipreading influences phonetic encoding at the auditory cortex. We show that the N1 auditory evoked potential morphology shifts to resemble the N1 morphology of the syllable conveyed visually. We also show similar N1 shifts when the consonants are replaced by white noise, suggesting that the McGurk illusion and the visually mediated phonemic restoration rely on common mechanisms.
Excitatory and inhibitory crossed reflex pathways in mice
Authors: Laflamme Olivier D. , Akay Turgay 
Published: October 2018

Sensory information from one leg has been known to elicit reflex responses in the contralateral leg, known as “crossed reflexes,” and these have been investigated extensively in cats and humans. Furthermore, experiments with mice have shown commissural pathways in detail by using in vitro and in vivo physiological approaches combined with genetics. However, the relationship between these commissural pathways discovered in mice and crossed reflex pathways described in cats and humans is not known. In this study, we analyzed the crossed reflex in mice by using in vivo electromyographic recording techniques combined with peripheral nerve stimulation protocols to provide a detailed description of the crossed reflex pathways. We show that excitatory crossed reflexes are mediated by both proprioceptive and cutaneous afferent activation. In addition, we provide evidence for a short-latency inhibitory crossed reflex pathway likely mediated by cutaneous feedback. Furthermore, the short-latency crossed inhibition is downregulated in the knee extensor muscle and the ankle flexor muscle during locomotion. In conclusion, this article provides an analysis of excitatory and inhibitory crossed reflex pathways during resting and locomoting mice in vivo. The data presented in this article pave the way for future research aimed at understanding crossed reflexes using genetics in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe for the first time excitatory and inhibitory crossed reflex pathways in mouse spinal cord in vivo and show that the inhibitory pathways are modulated during walking. This is a first step toward an understanding of crossed reflexes and their function during walking using in vivo recording techniques combined with mouse genetics.