bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approaches for Locating and Staffing FEMA's Disaster Recovery Centers
Authors: Moline Julia , Goentzel Jarrod , Gralla Erica 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDisaster response is a challenging environment for data‐driven decision support, because of its rarity, uniqueness, and high stakes. This article develops and demonstrates practical decision support approaches for an important problem faced by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), identifies challenges and successes during their partial implementation, and explores how such approaches can encourage the adoption of data‐driven decision‐making in crisis situations. Specifically, this article develops approaches for locating and staffing temporary Disaster Recovery Centers (DRCs), which provide in‐person service to disaster‐affected communities. Working with FEMA, we developed two models that aim to improve service to survivors and minimize costs. One model fits easily into FEMA's current decision‐making process, while the other further improves service by challenging some extant assumptions. By testing the models using data from three past disasters, we find that this decision support can result in cost savings of 75% on average by eliminating unnecessary DRCs and over‐staffing and, at the same time, maintain or reduce the maximum travel time required for the disaster‐affected population to access DRCs. Aspects of the models have already been used during disaster operations. FEMA's experience highlights the potential for data‐ and model‐driven analyses to improve resource allocation and demonstrates an approach to improve organizational decisions by developing models that either align with or challenge the decision‐making culture.
Addressing the room for improvement in management of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Nørgaard Jan M. , Friis Lone S. , Kristensen Jørgen S. , Severinsen Marianne T. , Mølle Ingolf , Marcher Claus W. , Møller Peter , Schoellkopf Claudia , Nielsen Ove J. , Preiss Birgitte S. , Andersen Mette K. , Kjeldsen Eigil , Medeiros Bruno C. , Østgård Lene S.G. ,   the Danish Acute Leukemia Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is highly curable. To achieve high cure rates, targeted therapy with retinoic acid (ATRA) must be started promptly at time of suspected diagnosis. Early death rates (EDRs, ≤30 days from diagnosis) differ markedly in patients treated on clinical trials compared to the general population.Objectives and methodsWe used the comprehensive Danish National Acute Leukemia Registry (DNLR) to investigate the incidence, treatment, EDR, and long‐term clinical outcome in APL between 2000 and 2014.ResultsTwenty‐two of 41 deaths occurring in 122 APL patients were EDs which were primarily caused by intracranial hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis, and multiorgan failure. The overall EDR was 18.0%, whereas clinical trial participants had an EDR of 6.7%. Fifteen patients recruited to the NCRI AML17 APL trial from 2010 to 2013 were younger and had decreased mortality (HR 0.18, CI 0.04‐0.86, P = 0.02) compared to contemporarily treated patients (n = 15) not recruited to a clinical trial. Performance status, leukemia origin, and Sanz‐score were independent prognostic variables.ConclusionsThe very low EDR for on‐trial patients is not observed in the general cohort of APL patients. Diagnostic awareness emerges as the greatest clinical challenge in management of APL.
The effect of insulin infusion on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in horses with equine metabolic syndrome
Authors: Nostell K. , Lindåse S. , Edberg H. , Bröjer J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere is little evidence that horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) have higher resting blood pressures than horses with normal insulin sensitivity. However, there are indications that EMS horses have an altered dynamic response to the cardiovascular effects of insulin.ObjectivesTo examine heart rate and the systemic blood pressure response in EMS and control horses during insulin infusion.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsHorses were examined with an oral sugar test (OST) and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC). Based on the results from the OST, the horses were classified as either EMS or control. Blood pressure was measured before the start of the EHC and at 60, 120 and 180 min of the EHC.ResultsThere were 16 EMS and 12 control horses. Mean resting heart rate was higher for EMS horses compared with control (35.6 ± 5.1 vs. 30.3 ± 3.5 beats/min). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure did not differ between groups at the start of the EHC. Blood pressure decreased gradually during the EHC in the control group, whereas the EMS group showed no decline in systolic, diastolic or mean arterial pressure.Main limitationsLimited number of horses.ConclusionsHorses with EMS have cardiovascular changes that affect resting heart rate and systemic blood pressure during insulin infusion.
Manipulating oral behaviour of food emulsions using different emulsifiers
Authors: Hu Xia , Karthik Pothiyappan , Chen Jianshe 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis study aims to investigate the assumption that the presence of α‐amylase in the human saliva will interact instantly with starch and will lead to very different oral behaviour and enhanced flavour release. Hence, orange oil flavoured emulsion was prepared with whey protein isolates (WPI) and modified starch (MS). The stability and flavour release of emulsions were examined through in vitro and in vivo studies. MS emulsion mixed with artificial saliva containing α‐amylase resulted in more pronounced changes in mean particle size from 0.185 to 2.35 μm and a significant increase in viscosity. Morphology and turbidity revealed strong flocculation, coalescence and creaming. However, WPI emulsion exhibited very little changes in stability and behaviour. Similar results were observed during oral digestion (in vivo) for both emulsion systems. Moreover, a higher intensity of flavour release (37%) was observed in MS emulsion than WPI. This work demonstrated that a starch‐stabilised emulsion has a very different oral behaviour to that of a protein‐stabilised emulsion.
Natural course of isolated mild congenital hydronephrosis: A 2‐year prospective study at a single center in Japan
Authors: Kohata Eriko , Kimata Takahisa , Onuma Chikushi , Yamanouchi Sohsaku , Tsuji Shoji , Ohashi Atsushi , Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo determine a follow‐up plan for mild congenital hydronephrosis in Japanese individuals.MethodsNeonates at Kansai Medical University Hospital (Hirakata, Osaka, Japan) who were diagnosed with mild congenital hydronephrosis – defined as a Society for Fetal Urology grade 1 or 2 – at 1‐month old by abdominal ultrasonography between 2014 and 2016 were enrolled. These patients were encouraged to undergo repeated abdominal ultrasonography for 2 years every 3 months to investigate the course of congenital hydronephrosis.ResultsAmong 1009 neonates, congenital hydronephrosis was detected in 118 affected renal units of 100 (9.9%) patients. According to the definition of the Society for Fetal Urology, 118 affected renal units were graded as grade 1 in 87 (74%), grade 2 in 30 (25%), grade 3 in one (1%) and grade 4 in 0 units. Among them, 117 affected renal units of mild congenital hydronephrosis comprising grades 1 and 2 were subjected to ultrasonographic evaluation to monitor the natural course. The rates of resolution at 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22 and 25 months after birth in Society for Fetal Urology grades 1 and 2 cases were 60% and 8%, 77% and 19%, 90% and 32%, 92% and 40%, 95% and 52%, 96% and 56%, and 99% and 60%, respectively.ConclusionsGrade 1 congenital hydronephrosis does not need to be followed up, because it mostly shows spontaneous resolution by 2 years of follow up without any complications. However, ultrasonographic examinations at 1‐year intervals for grade 2 congenital hydronephrosis are recommended to determine the subsequent follow‐up plan of patients.
Surface modification and fabrication of white‐light‐emitting Tm3+/CdS quantum dots co‐doped glass fibers
Authors: Peng Zixing , Huang Xiongjian , Ma Zhijun , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDue to the widely tunable band gap and broadband excitation, CdS quantum dots (QDs) show great promise for yellow‐light luminescence center in white‐light‐emitting devices. The light intensity of the CdS QD‐doped glass was enhanced by doping the Tm3+ ions due to the higher absorption rate. The influence of Tm3+ ions on the surface structure of CdS QDs was enormous according to the first‐principles calculations. Doping Tm3+ ions change the surface state of CdS QDs, which will fix the QDs emission peaks and enhance the luminescence of CdS QDs at a lower heat‐treatment temperature. White‐light emission was obtained by tuning the relative concentration between Tm3+/CdS QDs. However, there is a fundamental challenge to fabricate QD‐doped glass fibers by rod‐in‐tube method since uncontrollable QDs crystallization is hard to avoid. Herein, a white‐light‐emitting borosilicate glass fiber was fabricated by the “melt‐in‐tube” method using a special designed Tm3+/CdS QDs co‐doped borosilicate glass with low‐melting temperature as fiber core. After heat treatment, ideal white‐light emission was observed from the fiber under excitation at single wavelength (359 nm). This finding indicates that Tm3+/CdS QDs co‐doped glass fiber with white‐light‐emitting devices has potential application as gain medium of white‐light‐emitting sources and fiber lasers.
Preparation and photocatalytic performance of TiO2/PbTiO3 fiber composite enhanced by external force induced piezoelectric field
Authors: Bai Yang , Zhao Jingzhong , Li Yunyun , Lv Zhenlin , Lu Kathy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, anatase TiO2 nanoparticles (14 nm) were coated on the surface of piezoelectric PbTiO3 single crystal fibers by a secondary hydrothermal method, thus a p‐n junction was formed at the interface between TiO2 and PbTiO3. The PbTiO3 fibers were exposed to an external force (by ultrasound) to generate a dynamic piezoelectric electric field in the crystal, which incessantly separates the carriers and improves the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2. When the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz, the TiO2/PbTiO3 fibers have the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency (96%) for methylene orange (MO), which is up to 60% improvement compared to TiO2 nanoparticles.
Psychosocial health care needs of people with type 2 diabetes in primary care: Views of patients and health care providers
Authors: Stoop Corinne , Pouwer François , Pop Victor , Den Oudsten Brenda , Nefs Giesje 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsThis study examined (a) psychosocial health care needs of people with type 2 diabetes from the perspective of patients and diabetes healthcare providers in primary care, in terms of topics, attention in diabetes care and preferences and (b) factors associated with a positive attitude towards specialized psychosocial health care.DesignQualitative focus group study.MethodsUsing purposive sampling, participants were selected from general practices. In 2012–2013, three focus groups were conducted in people with type 2 diabetes (N = 20) and three with healthcare providers (N = 18).ResultsOpinions differed considerably on whether there was a need for psychosocial health care. Topics focused mainly on diabetes‐specific issues ranging from a need for additional diabetes education to attention and support in regular diabetes care. However, not all healthcare providers felt competent enough to address psychosocial problems. Some participants reported a need for specialized psychosocial help. A positive attitude towards specialized psychosocial health care appeared to be influenced by care setting (e.g., in the primary care practice or ‘outside’ mental health care), care accessibility, proactive discussion of psychosocial issues with and referral by healthcare providers and previous experiences with psychosocial health care.ConclusionAlthough only few participants expressed a need for specialized psychosocial care, attention for psychosocial well‐being in regular diabetes care was generally appreciated.ImpactPeople with type 2 diabetes generally felt psychosocial care could be provided as part of regular diabetes care. Suggestions for healthcare providers to meet psychosocial health care needs include training and discussion tools.
Optimizing ablation duration using dormant conduction to reveal incomplete isolation with the second generation cryoballoon: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Keçe Fehmi , de Riva Marta , Naruse Yoshihisa , Alizadeh Dehnavi Reza , Wijnmaalen Adrianus P. , Schalij Martin J. , Zeppenfeld Katja , Trines Serge A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionEfficacy of cryoballoon ablation depends on balloon‐tissue contact and ablation duration. Prolonged duration may increase extracardiac complications. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal additional ablation duration after acute pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).MethodsConsecutive patients with paroxysmal AF were randomized to three groups according to additional ablation duration (90, 120, or 150 seconds) after acute PVI (time‐to‐isolation). Primary outcome was reconnection/dormant conduction (DC) after a 30 minutes waiting period. If present, additional 240 seconds ablations were performed. Ablations without time‐to‐isolation <90 seconds, esophageal temperature <18°C or decreased phrenic nerve capture were aborted. Patients were followed with 24‐hour Holter monitoring at 3, 6, and 12 months.ResultsSeventy‐five study patients (60 ± 11 years, 48 male) were included. Reconnection/DC per vein significantly decreased (22%, 6% and 4%) while aborted ablations remained stable (respectively 4, 5, and 7%) among the 90, 120, and 150 seconds groups. A shorter cryo‐application time, longer time‐to‐isolation, higher balloon temperature and unsuccessful ablations predicted reconnection/DC. Freedom of atrial fibrillation was, respectively, 52, 56, and 72% in 90, 120, and 150 seconds groups (
P = 0.27), while repeated procedures significantly decreased from 36% to 4% (
P = 0.041) in the longer duration group compared to shorter duration group (150 seconds vs 90 seconds group). In multivariate Cox‐regression only reconnection/DC predicted recurrence.ConclusionProlonging ablation duration after time‐to‐isolation significantly decreased reconnection/DC and repeated procedures, while recurrences and complications rates were similar. In a time‐to‐isolation approach, an additional ablation of 150 seconds ablation is the most appropriate.
HC diet inhibited testosterone synthesis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in testicular Leydig cells
Authors: Yu Chunxiao , Jiang Fangjie , Zhang Meijie , Luo Dandan , Shao Shanshan , Zhao Jiajun , Gao Ling , Zuo Changting , Guan Qingbo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmerging epidemiological studies indicate that hypercholesterolaemia is a risk factor for testosterone deficiency. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Testicular Leydig cells are the primary source of testosterone in males. To identify the effect and mechanism of cholesterol overload on Leydig cell function, rats were fed with a HC (HC) diet to induce hypercholesterolaemia. During the 16‐week feeding period, serum testosterone levels were reduced in a time‐dependent manner in rats fed the HC diet. Accordingly, these steroidogenic enzymes within the Leydig cells, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side‐chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) and 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD), were down‐regulated. Notably, the HC‐fed rats showed evident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the testis, including a dilated ER as an evident pathological change in the Leydig cell ultrastructure, up‐regulated ER stress biomarker (binding immunoglobulin protein) levels and activation of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)‐related unfolded protein response pathway. Further analysis showed that when 4‐phenyl butyric acid (4‐PBA) was used to block ER stress in HC‐fed rats for 8 weeks, the testosterone deficiency was significantly alleviated. Our findings suggested that high dietary cholesterol intake affected serum testosterone levels by down‐regulating steroidogenic enzymes and that activated ER stress might serve as the underlying mechanism.
Heterosis is common and inbreeding depression absent in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Oakley Christopher G. , Lundemo Sverre , Ågren Jon , Schemske Douglas W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe importance of genetic drift in shaping patterns of adaptive genetic variation in nature is poorly known. Genetic drift should drive partially recessive deleterious mutations to high frequency, and inter‐population crosses may therefore exhibit heterosis (increased fitness relative to intra‐population crosses). Low genetic diversity and greater genetic distance between populations should increase the magnitude of heterosis. Moreover, drift and selection should remove strongly deleterious recessive alleles from individual populations, resulting in reduced inbreeding depression. To estimate heterosis, we crossed 90 independent line pairs of Arabidopsis thaliana from 15 pairs of natural populations sampled across Fennoscandia and crossed an additional 41 line pairs from a subset of four of these populations to estimate inbreeding depression. We measured lifetime fitness of crosses relative to parents in a large outdoor common garden (8,448 plants in total) in central Sweden. To examine the effects of genetic diversity and genetic distance on heterosis, we genotyped parental lines for 869 SNPs. Overall, genetic variation within populations was low (median expected heterozygosity = 0.02), and genetic differentiation was high (median FST = 0.82). Crosses between 10 of 15 population pairs exhibited significant heterosis, with magnitudes of heterosis as high as 117%. We found no significant inbreeding depression, suggesting that the observed heterosis is due to fixation of mildly deleterious alleles within populations. Widespread and substantial heterosis indicates an important role for drift in shaping genetic variation, but there was no significant relationship between fitness of crosses relative to parents and genetic diversity or genetic distance between populations.
The Balanced Approach [Revisited]
Authors: Sickmund Melissa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe authors of the original Balanced Approach, Dennis Maloney, Dennis Romig, and Troy Armstrong, outlined a philosophy of balanced attention to the principles of community protection/public safety, youth accountability, and competency development through individualized assessment and treatment and holding the system accountable to the community and the youth served. A majority of states’ juvenile code purpose clauses reflect this approach, later known as Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ). Presented here are excerpts from the 1988 Juvenile & Family Court Journal issue 39 (3) that first presented the Balanced Approach and a brief overview of key features of juvenile justice at the time to lay a foundation for the other articles in this special issue.
Juvenile Justice in Pennsylvania: Mission‐Driven; Performance‐ Based; Outcome‐Focused
Authors: Blackburn Susan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSince 1995, Pennsylvania's Balanced and Restorative Justice Mission has been the driving force behind Pennsylvania's reform and system improvement efforts. Pennsylvania has made strong and steady progress towards advancing this statutory mission and the related operational goals through policy, practice and programmatic enhancements over these past 20+ plus years. Three key events spurred forth this advancement: the legislative passage of Act 33 in 1995 that statutorily established the goals of Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ), the Models for Change Juvenile Justice Reform Initiative–Additional Reform Momentum (2004) and the Juvenile Justice System Enhancement Strategy–Evidence‐based Approach to the Reforms (2010).What follows is the story of how it all unfolded.
Establishment of gene‐edited pigs expressing human blood‐coagulation factor VII and albumin for bioartificial liver use
Authors: Li Li , Meng Hongyi , Zou Qingjian , Zhang Jianmin , Cai Lei , Yang Bin , Weng Jun , Lai Liangxue , Yang Huaqiang , Gao Yi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimBioartificial livers (BALs) are considered as a solution to bridge patients with acute liver failure to liver transplantation or to assist in spontaneous recovery for patients with end‐stage liver disease. Pig is the best donor of hepatocytes for BALs in clinical trials, because metabolic and detoxification function of its liver are close to human. However, using pig hepatocytes for BALs remains controversial for safety concern owing to nonhuman proteins secretion. Herein, we attempt to establish modified pigs expressing humanized liver proteins, blood‐coagulation factor VII (F7), and albumin (ALB). These pigs should also be porcine endogenous retrovirus subtype C (PERV‐C) free so that their ability of transmitting PERV to human could be diminished seriously.MethodsWe devised both homology‐dependent and independent knock‐in approaches to insert a fusion of hF7 and hALB gene downstream the site of pig endogenous F7 promoter in pig fetal fibroblasts negative for PERV‐C. The modified pigs were then generated through somatic cell nuclear transfer.ResultsWe obtained 14 and 10 cloned pigs by homology‐dependent and independent approaches, respectively. Among them, 19 cloned pigs were with expected gene modification and 13 are alive to date. These modified pigs can successfully express hF7 and hALB in the liver and serum, and the expressed hF7 exhibits normal coagulation activity.ConclusionsThe gene‐edited pigs expressing hF7 and hALB in the liver were generated successfully. We anticipate that our pigs could provide an alternative cell source for BALs as a promising treatment for patients with acute liver failure.
Real Anomalies
Authors: van BINSBERGEN JULES H. , OPP CHRISTIAN C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWe examine the importance of cross‐sectional asset pricing anomalies (alphas) for the real economy. To this end, we develop a novel quantitative model of the cross‐section of firms that features lumpy investment and informational inefficiencies, while yielding distributions in closed form. Our findings indicate that anomalies can cause material real inefficiencies, which raises the possibility that agents who help eliminate them add significant value to the economy. The model shows that the magnitude of alphas alone is a poor indicator of real outcomes, and highlights the importance of the alpha persistence, the amount of mispriced capital, and the Tobin's q of firms affected.
Digital Workflow of Auricular Rehabilitation: A Technical Report Using an Intraoral Scanner
Authors: Ballo Ahmed M. , Nguyen Caroline T. , Lee Vincent S.K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProsthodontic rehabilitation of a congenital or acquired defect of the ear is considered a challenging and skill‐dependent procedure. This technical report describes a novel approach for direct digital scanning of the unaffected contralateral ear using an intraoral scanner and external markers. The obtained digital data of the ear was exported, digitally mirrored, and successfully positioned to a virtual model of a human head with a missing ear. This technique demonstrates the potential application of CAD/CAM in the design and fabrication of an auricular prosthesis for patients with a unilateral ear defect.