bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression and soluble sugar accumulation in perennial fruits
Authors: Mahmood Alam Shariq , Tahir Rohoma , Thu Aye Myat , Li Yu-Jia , Khan Muhammad Abbas , Liu Yong-Zhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Soluble sugars primarily contribute to fruit flavouring and are crucial for fruit quality. Carbohydrate accumulation in fruits is a multifaceted process that can be influenced by their biosynthesis capacity, sink strength, homeostasis, and vacuolar storage ability. Moreover, total soluble sugar contents in fruits also vary among different varieties/species and environmental conditions. Numerous studies have elucidated the carbohydrate regulatory mechanism in fruits; however, there is a knowledge gap regarding the most important contributor to soluble sugar accumulation in perennial fruits. Here, we briefly discussed the recent advances, including carbohydrate long-distance transportation, metabolism and vacuolar storage, and transcript factors for soluble sugar accumulation in fruits. Most importantly, we elucidated that the sink strength in fruit is the most crucial factor that can trap more soluble sugars by maintaining continuous unloading to fruit by genes of cell wall invertase; moreover, genes of sucrose transporters/pyrophosphatase play key roles in vacuolar storage of soluble sugars in perennial fruits. This review delivers a comprehensive summary of recent findings for soluble sugar regulation and fruit quality improvement, which may facilitate sugar optimisation in fruit crops for enhanced fruit quality.
Photocatalysis and adsorption coupling in S-scheme K and P doped g-C3N4/GO/MgFe2O4 photocatalyst for enhanced degradation of Congo red dye
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Khan Aftab Aslam Parwaz , Sudhaik Anita , Sonu Sonu , Kaya Savas , Singh Pardeep , Raizada Pankaj , Zayed Mohie E M , Arshad Muhammad Nadeem , Alzahrani Khalid A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Photocatalysis is an environmentally friendly approach for harnessing solar light to degrade pollutants. This study investigates the degradation of Congo red (COR) dye by a visible light-active photocatalyst, with a primary focus on the efficiency and reusability of the photocatalytic material. We synthesized phosphorus- and potassium-doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts attached to graphene oxide and MgFe2O4 (KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4). Doping graphitic carbon nitride enhanced light absorption, while graphene oxide improved the adsorption properties. The addition of magnetic MgFe2O4 enhanced charge separation and reusability. The KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4 composite was analyzed using a range of techniques. The activity of the synthesized materials for Congo red (COR) dye degradation was analyzed under visible light. The photocatalytic activities of bare, binary, and ternary photocatalysts were compared, and KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4 exhibited the highest photoactivity among all. The KPCN/GO/MgFe2O4 photocatalyst (60 mg) showed a 76% removal efficiency for 5 × 10−6 M Congo red within 60 min, which was 2.5 times higher than that of pure graphitic carbon nitride. The ·OH and ·O2- were the major reactive species during COR photodegradation. The photocatalyst also displayed good reusability after five cycles, enhancing its overall effectiveness.
Influence of high-latitude blocking and the northern stratospheric polar vortex on cold-air outbreaks under Arctic amplification of global warming
Authors: Hanna Edward , Francis Jennifer , Wang Muyin , Overland James E , Cohen Judah , Luo Dehai , Vihma Timo , Fu Qiang , Hall Richard J , Jaiser Ralf , Kim Seong-Joong , Köhler Raphael , Luu Linh , Shen Xiaocen , Erner Irene , Ukita Jinro , Yao Yao , Ye Kunhui , Choi Hyesun , Skific Natasa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is widely accepted that Arctic amplification (AA)—enhanced Arctic warming relative to global warming—will increasingly moderate cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) to the midlatitudes. Yet, some recent studies also argue that AA over the last three decades to the rest of the present century may contribute to more frequent severe winter weather including disruptive cold spells. To prepare society for future extremes, it is necessary to resolve whether AA and severe midlatitude winter weather are coincidental or physically linked. Severe winter weather events in the northern continents are often related to a range of stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) configurations and atmospheric blocking, but these dynamical drivers are complex and still not fully understood. Here we review recent research advances and paradigms including a nonlinear theory of atmospheric blocking that helps to explain the location, timing and duration of AA/midlatitude weather connections, studies of the polar vortex’s zonal asymmetric and intra-seasonal variations, its southward migration over continents, and its surface impacts. We highlight novel understanding of SPV variability—polar vortex stretching and a stratosphere–troposphere oscillation—that have remained mostly hidden in the predominant research focus on sudden stratospheric warmings. A physical explanation of the two-way vertical coupling process between the polar vortex and blocking highs, taking into account local surface conditions, remains elusive. We conclude that evidence exists for tropical preconditioning of Arctic-midlatitude climate linkages. Recent research using very large-ensemble climate modelling provides an emerging opportunity to robustly quantify internal atmospheric variability when studying the potential response of midlatitude CAOs to AA and sea-ice loss.
Socialism and Self-Determination: Lenin, International Law, and National Liberation
Authors: Simpson Brad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that socialist theorists and states advanced a distinctive and evolving position on self-determination as a collective right initially rooted in their understanding of the so-called ‘national question’ in the early twentieth century. Like their liberal counterparts, however, many socialist theorists harboured concerns about the potentially disruptive force of proliferating self-determination claims among smaller territories, nations, and peoples, especially in Eastern and Southern Europe, concerns which persisted throughout the twentieth century. During the interwar period, the socialist position on self-determination began to cohere and coalesce around a more consistent anticolonial position. After 1945, socialist states advanced what is argued was a moderate anticolonial vision of self-determination in UN resolutions and the 1966 human rights covenants——supporting national independence for former colonies and the right to economic self-determination, but generally opposing sub-national, secessionist, and Indigenous movements. Socialist conceptions of self-determination contained their own contradictions, which were revealed in the wake of Soviet interventions in Eastern Europe and Afghanistan.
Decentring Marxism: The Poznań School and Socialist International Law in Eastern Europe after 1945
Authors: Szumski Jakub 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While the project of socialist international law based on Marxism–Leninism is often seen as a total alternative to Western-led approaches, Soviet scholarship never settled on a coherent legal programme. This left the academic milieus across the Eastern Bloc to create their own versions of international law. Focusing on the Poznań School of International Law this chapter uses a historical and sociological approach to reveal how lawyers from the Eastern Bloc decentred or ignored the Marxist–Leninist script during the Cold War. Marxist methodology and certain doctrinal markers served as an obligatory point of reference for international law theory and practice throughout Eastern Europe but were blended with other traditions. The Poznań School was marked by continuities with the pre-socialist era and magnified these tendencies, which had their own variants across the Bloc. Although the decentring of socialist internationalism went the furthest in Poznań, this legal pluralism was visible across socialist Eastern Europe.
How China Came to Embrace International Institutions
Authors: Mitchell Ryan Martínez 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has become an increasingly active participant in international legal forums and processes in recent years. This activity reflects a broad set of influences comprising, inter alia, longstanding concerns of the Chinese state, including pre-PRC regimes; views drawn from the Cold War milieu of Soviet-aligned powers; Third World and anticolonial critiques; and discourses drawn from Western international legal thought. These elements, along with official ideology and Realpolitik, have resulted in an increasingly well-defined set of ‘Chinese approaches’ to norm legislation and interpretation. These coincide in an officially Marxist—Leninist superpower seeking to reconcile great power aspirations, anticolonial legacies, lingering socialist commitments, geopolitical and economic interests, and the existing technocratic toolkits of global governance. In areas ranging across and beyond the laws of war, trade, and the sea, Beijing has adopted a unique agenda of engagement that heavily emphasizes the legitimacy conferred by core international institutions.
State Socialist Contributions to the Criminalization of Apartheid
Authors: Grosescu Raluca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates the protagonism of state socialist governments and legal experts in criminalizing apartheid as a major international crime during the Cold War. It argues that African and Eastern European socialist countries were the most vocal proponents for the codification of apartheid as a crime against humanity and as a war crime in international conventions, due to their shared anti-capitalist and anti-Western imperialist agendas. Moreover, global mobilizations of legal experts with socialist orientations produced a far more radical anti-apartheid discourse than that of liberal experts in the West. It went beyond the condemnation of political repression and racial discrimination in South Africa as violations of the rule of law and connected the anti-apartheid cause to the denunciation of colonialism as a whole and the recognition of wars of national liberation as international armed conflicts.
Socialisms and International Law: Epilogue
Authors: Betts Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For decades socialist law and justice were both routinely dismissed as nothing but an ideological fig leaf obscuring brute communist power. Such a polemic view has changed dramatically in recent years, as historians and legal scholars have revisited the legacy of socialist law from fresh perspectives, with surprising results. This pioneering volume revisits the synergies between international law and socialism, and it reveals how socialist legal experts advanced profound critiques and contributions to the development of international legal norms, practices, and laws governing interstate conduct. It also incites to further research on the legacies of socialist interventions and their relevance for a possible alternative to the current crisis of liberal international law, ranging from peace to universal healthcare.
Setting the Stage
Authors: Fairbairn Donald 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the scholarly discussion about whether Augustine’s Christology is ‘Antiochene’ or Chalcedonian/Cyrillian. It looks in some detail at the use of homo in Christological passages from Augustine’s later writings, in order to show that he is using the word to refer not to a quasi-independent man Jesus but to either the human nature of Christ or to the incarnate Son considered as a man. This discussion demonstrates the Cyrillian/Chalcedonian tenor of Augustine’s Christology in that he sees the Word/Son as the subject of the incarnate actions and experiences of Christ. The chapter examines passages from the end of Augustine’s life that link the predestination of Christ’s humanity to the predestination of a Christian, and it concludes that Augustine’s logic of grace moves from the Fall to predestination, thus inclining him to deal largely with the particular effects of the Incarnation in the elect, not with more general effects in all people.
John Cassian
Authors: Fairbairn Donald 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that in De incarnatione Domini, Cassian is not concerned with Christological terminology or precision; he is concerned about the identity of the Saviour as the eternal Son of God, and he believes that Nestorius is denying that. The chapter argues that Cassian’s depiction of Nestorius’s Christ as a man who attained deity by his merits may constitute an amalgamation of Nestorian thought with that of the pre-correction Leporius, and this Leporianized ‘Nestorius’ would become the main target of other Gallic writers. The chapter then examines Conlatio 13 in the light of its monastic context in order to argue that it is not describing different people (some who can make the first move to God without grace, and others who cannot), as Prosper alleged, but different situations in the life of a monk in which he needs and receives different kinds of grace. The grace of the Incarnation makes the monk an adopted son, and particular and varied kinds of grace operate in the monk’s life. As a result, while Augustine and Cassian have a similar Christology, their understandings of grace are different because Augustine reasons from the Fall to predestination to the Incarnation, whereas Cassian reasons from the Fall to the Incarnation to the action of grace in a monk’s life.
Faustus of Riez
Authors: Fairbairn Donald 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the question of whether Faustus’s championing the uia regia both in Christology and in charitology means that his thought seeks to balance competing emphases, and thus whether he may be properly called ‘Semi-Pelagian’. It examines Faustus’s Christology (especially in Epistula ad Graecum) and notes that while his use of homo can easily be read as ‘Nestorian’, the overall tenor of his thought is not actually ‘Nestorian’. Likewise, his balanced emphasis on divine and human action could easily be interpreted as ‘Semi-Pelagian’, but it is better understood as focusing first and very strongly on the universal aspects of grace (given both in creation and in the Incarnation) and then on particular aspects. Faustus’s reasoning is not merely from the Fall to the Incarnation to grace, but from the Fall back to prima gratia, and then to the Incarnation and to grace. What holds prima gratia and the grace of redemption together in Faustus’s thought is the fact that the same person, the eternal Son, gives both graces. The chapter concludes by suggesting that while Faustus certainly seems more ‘Semi-Pelagian’ than the other Gallic writers, even his thought nevertheless does not deserve that label and is consistent with the other Gallic writers of the fifth century on both Christology and grace.
Implementation of a university-wide health-system collaborative to provide pharmacy preceptor development across multiple institutions
Authors: Mnatzaganian Christina L , Dennehy Cathi , Pon Tiffany , Brown Mandy , Hall Brent , Sievers Theodore M , Ung Jennie , Wimer Dexter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The University of California Preceptor Development Collaborative was established in 2022 across 5 academic medical centers and 3 schools of pharmacy. The collaborative aimed to streamline preceptor development efforts, enhance collaboration, and meet accreditation standards efficiently by providing quarterly preceptor development programming across all sites to residency and school preceptors. This article describes the implementation of the collaborative and assesses the number of attendees, attendee satisfaction, and cost during the pilot year.

Summary
During the pilot year, 5 live virtual preceptor development modules were developed for pharmacist preceptors. There were 631 credit hours claimed (196 from session 1, 106 from session 2, 68 from session 3, 123 from session 4, and 138 from session 5). Preceptor satisfaction, as measured from completed postsession evaluations (n = 704), was high (a median score of 5 on a Likert scale where 1 = none at all, 2 = a little, 3 = a moderate amount, 4 = a lot, and 5 = a great deal) for meeting educational, professional, teaching, or clinical needs. There was strong agreement (median score of 5 on Likert scale where 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = somewhat disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = somewhat agree, and 5 = strongly agree) that the modules improved knowledge, ability to change practice, and ability to have positive impacts on trainees and patients. The cost per attendee for this series was $1.58 per continuing education credit.

Conclusion
A multi-institution state-wide preceptor collaborative effort produced quarterly continuing education for residency and school of pharmacy preceptors who were affiliated with the sites. This approach to preceptor development is a convenient, satisfactory, and cost-effective method to deliver training for pharmacy preceptors.
Atheroma transcriptomics identifies ARNTL as a smooth muscle cell regulator and with clinical and genetic data improves risk stratification
Authors: Narayanan Sampath , Vuckovic Sofija , Bergman Otto , Wirka Robert , Verdezoto Mosquera Jose , Chen Qiao Sen , Baldassarre Damiano , Tremoli Elena , Veglia Fabrizio , Lengquist Mariette , Aherrahrou Redouane , Razuvaev Anton , Gigante Bruna , Björck Hanna M , Miller Clint L , Quertermous Thomas , Hedin Ulf , Matic Ljubica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The role of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in atherosclerosis has evolved to indicate causal genetic links with the disease. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) studies have identified multiple cell populations of mesenchymal origin within atherosclerotic lesions, including various SMC sub-phenotypes, but it is unknown how they relate to patient clinical parameters and genetics. Here, mesenchymal cell populations in atherosclerotic plaques were correlated with major coronary artery disease (CAD) genetic variants and functional analyses performed to identify SMC markers involved in the disease.

Methods
Bioinformatic deconvolution was done on bulk microarrays from carotid plaques in the Biobank of Karolinska Endarterectomies (BiKE, n = 125) using public plaque scRNAseq data and associated with patient clinical data and follow-up information. BiKE patients were clustered based on the deconvoluted cell fractions. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses were performed to predict the effect of CAD associated genetic variants on mesenchymal cell fractions (cfQTLs) and gene expression (eQTLs) in plaques.

Results
Lesions from symptomatic patients had higher fractions of Type 1 macrophages and pericytes, but lower fractions of classical and modulated SMCs compared with asymptomatic ones, particularly females. Presence of diabetes or statin treatment did not affect the cell fraction distribution. Clustering based on plaque cell fractions, revealed three patient groups, with relative differences in their stability profiles and associations to stroke, even during long-term follow-up. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plaque mesenchymal cell fractions, upstream of the circadian rhythm gene ARNTL were identified. In vitro silencing of ARNTL in human carotid SMCs increased the expression of contractile markers and attenuated cell proliferation.

Conclusions
This study shows the potential of combining scRNAseq data with vertically integrated clinical, genetic, and transcriptomic data from a large biobank of human plaques, for refinement of patient vulnerability and risk prediction stratification. The study revealed novel CAD-associated variants that may be functionally linked to SMCs in atherosclerotic plaques. Specifically, variants in the ARNTL gene may influence SMC ratios and function, and its role as a regulator of SMC proliferation should be further investigated.
The Persistent Objector Rule
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the persistent objector rule, according to which a State that has persistently objected to an emerging rule of customary international law, and maintains its objection after the rule has come into existence, is not bound by it. The chapter describes the evolution of the rule in international practice, its endorsement by the International Law Commission (ILC), and its systemic significance in international law. It also looks into the stringent conditions required for its invocation, and its inapplicability as regards peremptory norms of general international law (jus cogens). customary international law
Pleural Space Management in Thoracic Trauma
Authors: Devine Erin E. , Forrester Joseph D. 
Published: November 2024

Summary:
Thoracic injuries are common, occurring in up to 60% of polytrauma patients and represent 25% of trauma deaths. Thoracic trauma frequently involves injury to the pleural space resulting in hemothorax and pneumothorax—effective management of the pleural space is essential. Reviewed in this article is management of the pleural space in chest wall trauma (including pneumothorax and hemothorax), and chest tube placement, indications for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, management, and complications.
The Benefits of Awake Spinal Surgery on Minimizing Positioning-related Complications
Authors: Assis Maria Luisa Machado , Bojaxhi Elird , Abode-Iyamah Kingsley O. , Patterson Jennifer S. , White Kate E. , Gruenbaum Shaun E. , Rabai Ferenc , De Ruyter Marie L. , Riutort Kevin T. , Fleissner Zachary J. , Pirris Stephen M. , Barbosa Maria , Gruenbaum Benjamin F. 
Published: November 2024

Study Design.
Literature review and institutional analysis.

Objective.
This review examines the potential advantages of awake spinal surgery under neuroaxial anesthesia in minimizing positioning-related complications compared to traditional general anesthesia.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinal surgeries performed in the prone position under general anesthesia are associated with perioperative complications, such as ocular injury and vision loss, nerve damage, and pressure ulcers.

Methods.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted for articles published from 1986 to 2023 focusing on awake spinal surgery and positioning-related complications. Additionally, insights from the Mayo Clinic team were incorporated to assess the potential benefits of awake spine surgery.

Results.
The review identified several positioning-related complications associated with prone positioning during spine surgery, including perioperative visual loss, neuropathies, pressure ulcers, and intraabdominal hypertension leading to systemic cardiovascular effects and potential organ dysfunction. Advances at the Mayo Clinic have enabled the use of awake spinal surgery under neuroaxial anesthesia for complex procedures such as robotic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. The use of awake lumbar spine surgery has demonstrated advantages, including reduced positioning-related complications, immediate patient feedback to avoid harmful maneuvers, shorter operating room times, and improved hemodynamic stability.

Conclusions.
Awake lumbar spine surgery offers notable advantages in reducing positioning-related complications and presents a promising alternative to general anesthesia.