bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Golgi apparatus fragmentation participates in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced endothelial cell injury
Authors: Ji Guang , Song Xueqin , Wang Liang , Li Zhenfei , Wu Hongran , Dong Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced endothelial injury plays crucial roles in the development of arteriosclerosis (AS). Golgi apparatus (GA) fragmentation is involved in various pathological processes, including endothelial injury. However, the role of GA fragmentation in ox‐LDL‐induced endothelial injury has not been determined. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to ox‐LDL were used as an in vitro AS model. Herein, we showed that ox‐LDL restrained proliferation and induced apoptosis and GA fragmentation of HUVECs. Moreover, overexpression of GRASP65 significantly prevented ox‐LDL‐induced GA fragmentation and endothelial cell injury by enhancing cell viability, nitric oxide production, and endothelial NOS expression and reducing apoptosis. Mechanistically, ox‐LDL resulted in the activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in HUVECs. Inactivation of the ERK pathway by U0126 suppressed the phosphorylation of GRASP65, GA fragmentation, and endothelial cell injury induced by ox‐LDL. In conclusion, ox‐LDL triggers GA fragmentation in HUVECs via activating the ERK signaling pathway, which participates in endothelial injury during the development of AS.
Analysis of metabolome changes in the HepG2 cells of apatinib treatment by using the NMR‐based metabolomics
Authors: Gu Jinping , Shu Dan , Su Feng , Xie Yuanyuan , Liang Xianrui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeovascularization is required for the growth of tumors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related signal pathways are important in tumor angiogenesis. Apatinib is a highly selective and potent antiangiogenesis drug targeting the receptor of VEGFR2, blocking downstream signal transduction and inhibiting angiogenesis of tumor tissue. Apatinib has a wide range of antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, but its effect on metabolic changes has not deeply research at present. Nowadays, our research first systematically studied the metabolic changes affected by apatinib in the HepG2 cells at the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration value. We used the metabolomics by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) to analyze the HepG2 cell culture media. Multivariable Statistics was applied to analyze the 1H‐NMR spectra of the cell media, including principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and orthogonal PLS‐DA (OPLS‐DA). Compared with the uncultured and cultured media (negative/positive control), the metabolic phenotypes were changed in the apatinib treatment with a continuous effect over time. The metabolic pathway analysis is shown that the mainly disturbed metabolic pathways pyruvate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism and amino acid metabolism associated with them in the apatinib treatment. The differential metabolites which were identified from the reconstructed OPLS‐DA loading plots also reflected in these disturbed metabolic pathways. Our works could allow us to well understand the therapeutic effect of apatinib, especially in metabolism.
Correlation between SEPS1 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary study
Authors: Li Feng , Mao Aiyou , Fu Xianxian , She Yang , Wei Xiaobin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe protein encoded by the selenoprotein S gene is considered to be an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant protein and is involved in a variety of diseases. Therefore, we want to study the distribution characteristics of this gene in Chinese diabetic population.MethodsA total of 170 patients with DM (including 100 patients with T2DM and 70 patients with diabetic nephropathy [DN]) and 100 healthy controls (HC) were selected from Haikou People's Hospital (China) between January 2017 and July 2017. The polymorphisms of three SEPS1 genes (SNP ID: rs4965814, rs28665122, and rs34713741) were measured by massARRAY method, while the polymorphisms of SEPS1 genes (SNP ID: rs4965373) were detected by Sanger sequencing.ResultsComparing three groups, the results were the following: (a) There was a significant difference in the genotype and allele distribution of rs34713741 between DN group and HC group and between T2DM group and DN group; For this gene locus, the risk of diabetic nephropathy in healthy individuals with T allele was 0.6 times higher than that in individuals with GG genotype (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46 ~ 0.77). (b) There was a significant difference in the distribution of rs4975814 genotype between DN group and HC group; for this gene locus, the risk of diabetic nephropathy in healthy individuals with T allele was 2.71 times higher than that in individuals with GG genotype (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.66 ~ 4.45).ConclusionWe conclude that rs34713741 (GT + TT) may be a protective gene for DN and the rs4975814 (GT + TT) may be a susceptibility gene for DN.
Hypoxic storage of erythrocytes slows down storage lesions and prolongs shelf‐life
Authors: Meng Qiang , Peng Xiaowu , Zhao Shuming , Xu Ting , Wang Shichun , Liu Qi , Cai Ruili , Fan Yahan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConventional storage conditions of erythrocytes cause storage lesions. We propose that hypoxic storage conditions, involving removal of oxygen and replacement with helium, the changes in stored erythrocytes under hypoxic condition were observed and assessed. Erythrocytes were divided into two equal parts, then stored in conventional and hypoxic conditions, separately. Blood gas analysis, hemorheology, and hemolysis were performed once a week. Energy metabolism and membrane damage were monitored by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphatidylserine exposure was measured by flow cytometry. P50 was measured and the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) plotted accordingly. Erythrocyte morphology was observed microscopically. In the 9th week of storage, the hemolysis of the hypoxia group was 0.7%; lower (p < .05) than that of the control group and still below the threshold of quality requirements. The dissolved oxygen and pO2 were only 1/4 of that in the control group (p < .01); the adenosine triphosphate, glucose, and lactic acid levels were decreased (p < .05), while the 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate levels were increased relative to that in the control group (p < .01). There were no statistically significant differences in membrane damage, deformability, and aggregation between the two groups. In addition, the ODC of the two groups was shifted to the left but this difference was not statistically different. Basically similar to the effect of completely anaerobic conditions. Erythrocytes stored under hypoxic conditions could maintain a relatively stable state with a significant decrease in hemolysis, reduction of storage lesions, and an increase in shelf‐life.
Gene coexpression analysis offers important modules and pathway of human lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Wei Zhongheng , Zhongqiu Tan , Lu Shuxiong , Zhang Fang , Xie Wei , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLung adenocarcinomas injured greatly on the people worldwide. Although clinic experiments and gene profiling analyses had been well performed, to our knowledge, systemic coexpression analysis of human genes for this cancer is still limited to date. Here, using the published data GSE75037, we built the coexpression modules of genes by Weighted Gene Co‐Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and investigated function and protein–protein interaction network of coexpression genes by Database for Annotation, visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and String database, respectively. First, 11 coexpression modules were conducted for 5,000 genes in the 83 samples recently. Number of genes for each module ranged from 90 to 1,260, with the mean of 454. Second, interaction relationships of hub‐genes between pairwise modules showed great differences, suggesting relatively high scale independence of the modules. Third, functional enrichment of the coexpression modules showed great differences. We found that genes in modules 8 significantly enriched in the biological process and/or pathways of cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, and so forth. It was inferred as the key module underlying lung adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, PPI analysis revealed that the genes COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, CTGF, and BGN owned the largest number of adjacency genes, unveiling that they may functioned importantly during the occurrence of lung adenocarcinomas. To summary, genes involved in cell adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway play crucial roles in human lung adenocarcinomas.
High‐fat diet reduces novelty‐induced expression of activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein
Authors: Chen Tsan‐Ju , Chen Shun‐Sheng , Wang Dean‐Chuan , Hung Hui‐Shan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic high‐fat‐diet (HFD) consumption can lead to the development of brain insulin resistance, which then exerts deleterious effects on learning and memory. Activity‐regulated cytoskeleton‐associated protein (Arc) is a memory‐related protein, and its expression can be induced by insulin stimulation. In HFD‐fed animals, their basal Arc protein levels in cerebral cortex and hippocampus are reduced. However, the effects of HFD on novelty‐induced Arc protein expression that is important for cognitive function is still unknown. In the present study, after feeding HFD (60% kcal from fat) for 5 weeks, mice developed brain insulin resistance and had a significant reduction in the novelty‐induced but not the basal Arc protein levels in their hippocampi. Further experiments were performed in primary rat hippocampal neurons. The results show that, under the condition of neuronal insulin resistance, acute insulin stimulation induced less activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (PI3K/Akt/p70S6K) pathway, resulting in reduced induction of Arc protein expression. Accordingly, it is suggested that following HFD feeding, the reduction in novelty‐induced Arc protein expression in animal's hippocampus is probably related to a suppressed activation of the PI3K/Akt/p70S6K pathway due to the existence of brain insulin resistance.
Factors, mechanisms and implications of chromatin condensation and chromosomal structural maintenance through the cell cycle
Authors: Ravi Maddaly , Ramanathan Srishti , Krishna Krupa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of well‐orchestrated events help in the chromatin condensation and the formation of chromosomes. Apart from the formation of chromosomes, maintenance of their structure is important, especially for the cell division. The structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins, the non‐SMC proteins and the SMC complexes are critical for the maintenance of chromosome structure. While condensins have roles for the DNA compaction, organization, and segregation, the cohesin functions in a cyclic manner through the cell cycle, as a “cohesin cycle.” Specific mechanisms maintain the architecture of the centromere, the kinetochore and the telomeres which are in tandem with the cell cycle checkpoints. The presence of chromosomal territories and compactness differences through the length of the chromosomes might have implications on selective susceptibility of specific chromosomes for induced genotoxicity.
Regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs in colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer stem cells
Authors: Shirmohamadi Masoud , Eghbali Elham , Najjary Shiva , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Kojabad Amir Baghbanzadeh , Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Lotfinezhad Parisa , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and hard‐to‐treat cancers in the world, which in its advanced stages, surgery and chemotherapy are the main common treatment approaches. The microRNAs (miRNAs), as novel markers for CRC detection, promote their regulatory effects via the 3′‐untranslated binding region (3′‐UTR) of target messenger RNA in posttranscriptional regulation of genes and also play a pivotal role in modulating resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These small noncoding RNAs have also a critical role in CRC stem cells (CRCSCs) regulation, comprising self‐renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are distinctive cell types inside a tumor tissue that are believed to derive from normal somatic stem cells. The CSCs have self‐renewal abilities, angiogenesis, as well as specific surface markers expression characteristics. Furthermore, they are frequently criticized for tumor maintenance, treatment resistance, tumor development, and distant metastasis. In this review, we discuss the current understandings of CRCSCs and their environment with a focus on the role of miRNAs on the regulation of CSCs and their targeting application in CRC treatment.
Lentivirus‐mediated microRNA‐26a‐modified neural stem cells improve brain injury in rats with cerebral palsy
Authors: Guo Qi , Zhang Jing , Zheng Zhaoshi , Li Xinxin , Wang Fuli , Liu Songyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study is launched to investigate the effect of lentivirus‐mediated microRNA‐26a (miR‐26a)‐modified neural stem cells (NSCs) in brain injury in rats with cerebral palsy (CP). The successfully constructed miR‐26a lentivirus expression vector and empty vector virus were used to modify NSCs. The model of CP with ischemia and anoxia was established in rats. NSCs and miR‐26a‐NSCs were stereoscopically injected into the cerebral cortex of the modeled rats, respectively. The survival and migration of NSCs infected with recombinant lentivirus expressing green fluorescence in vivo was observed under a light microscope. The neurobehavioral functions, morphology, and ultrastructure of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, apoptosis of brain cells, expression of apoptosis‐related protein caspase‐3 and Bax, together with the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were determined. Expression of miR‐26a in NSCs infected with plVTHM‐miR‐26a increased significantly. After NSCs transplantation, the neurobehavioral status of CP rats was improved, the degree of brain pathological injury was alleviated, the apoptotic index of cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus and the expression of the apoptotic protein (caspase‐3 and Bax) were decreased, the expression of GFAP were significantly decreased. After miR‐26a‐NSCs transplantation, these aforementioned results further improved or decreased. Our study suggests that miR‐26a‐modified NSCs mediated by lentivirus can improve brain injury, inhibit apoptosis of brain cells and activation of astrocytes in CP rats.
Complementarity of Technology Adoption and Social Capital Participation: The Case of Systems of Rice Intensification in Ghana
Authors: Yahaya Iddrisu , Zereyesus Yacob A. , Nakelse Tebila , Haruna Bashiru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRice is the second most important staple food in Ghana. The system of rice intensification (SRI) technology has been introduced in farmers' fields, and its adoption is increasing. Using a bivariate probit model and maximum likelihood estimation methods, the study tests whether or not there is a complementarity relationship between adoption of SRI technology and membership in a cooperative. Results reveal that there is positive relationship between the SRI adoption and social capital participation. The study identified covariates including age, gender and educational level of respondents as influencing both the adoption of SRI technology and participation in a cooperative. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting Part 1: Potential uses, current challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Poorman Megan E. , Martin Michele N. , Ma Dan , McGivney Debra F. , Gulani Vikas , Griswold Mark A. , Keenan Kathryn E. 
Published: July 2019

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a powerful quantitative MRI technique capable of acquiring multiple property maps simultaneously in a short timeframe. The MRF framework has been adapted to a wide variety of clinical applications, but faces challenges in technical development, and to date has only demonstrated repeatability and reproducibility in small studies. In this review, we discuss the current implementations of MRF and their use in a clinical setting. Based on this analysis, we highlight areas of need that must be addressed before MRF can be fully adopted into the clinic and make recommendations to the MRF community on standardization and validation strategies of MRF techniques.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:675–692.
Deriving optimal weather pattern definitions for the representation of precipitation variability over India
Authors: Neal Robert , Robbins Joanne , Dankers Rutger , Mitra Ashis , Jayakumar A. , Rajagopal E. N. , Adamson George 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study utilizes cluster analysis to produce sets of weather patterns for the Indian subcontinent. These patterns have been developed with future applications in mind; specifically relating to the occurrence of high‐impact weather and meteorologically induced hazards such as landslides. The weather patterns are also suited for use within probabilistic medium‐ to long‐range weather pattern forecasting tools driven by ensemble prediction systems. A total of 192 sets of weather patterns have been generated by varying the parameter which is clustered, the spatial domain and the number of weather patterns. Non‐hierarchical k‐means clustering was applied to daily 1200 UTC ERA‐Interim reanalysis data between 1979 and 2016 using pressure at mean sea level (PMSL) and u‐ and v‐component winds at 10‐m, 925‐hPa and 850‐hPa. The resultant weather pattern sets (clusters) were analysed for their ability to represent the main climatic precipitation patterns over India using the explained variation score. Weather patterns generated using 850‐hPa winds are among the most representative, with 30 patterns being enough to represent variability within different phases of the Indian climate. For example, several weather pattern variants are evident within the active monsoon, break monsoon and retreating monsoon. There are also several variants of weather patterns susceptible to western disturbances. These weather pattern variants are useful when it comes to identifying periods most susceptible to high‐impact weather within a large‐scale regime, such as identifying the most flood prone periods within the active monsoon. They hence have potentially many forecasting applications.
The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010–2018): A climate dynamics perspective
Authors: Garreaud René D. , Boisier Juan P. , Rondanelli Roberto , Montecinos Aldo , Sepúlveda Hector H. , Veloso‐Aguila Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCentral Chile, home to more than 10 million inhabitants, has experienced an uninterrupted sequence of dry years since 2010 with mean rainfall deficits of 20–40%. The so‐called Mega Drought (MD) is the longest event on record and with few analogues in the last millennia. It encompasses a broad area, with detrimental effects on water availability, vegetation and forest fires that have scaled into social and economical impacts. Observations and reanalysis data reveal that the exceptional length of the MD results from the prevalence of a circulation dipole‐hindering the passage of extratropical storms over central Chile—characterized by deep tropospheric anticyclonic anomalies over the subtropical Pacific and cyclonic anomalies over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Sea. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major modulator of such dipole, but the MD has occurred mostly under ENSO‐neutral conditions, except for the winters of 2010 (La Niña) and 2015 (strong El Niño). Climate model simulations driven both with historical forcing (natural and anthropogenic) and observed global SST replicate the south Pacific dipole and capture part of the rainfall anomalies. Idealized numerical experiments suggest that most of the atmospheric anomalies emanate from the subtropical southwest Pacific, a region that has experienced a marked surface warming over the last decade. Such warming may excite atmospheric Rossby waves whose propagation intensifies the circulation pattern leading to dry conditions in central Chile. On the other hand, anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases concentration increase and stratospheric ozone depletion) and the associated positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode also contribute to the strength of the south Pacific dipole and hence to the intensity and longevity of the MD. Given the concomitance of the seemingly natural (ocean sourced) and anthropogenic forcing, we anticipate only a partial recovery of central Chile precipitation in the decades to come.
Relationship lending in microfinance: How does it impact client dropout?
Authors: Godfroid Cécile 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA close relationship between microfinance loan officers and their clients is essential to avoid the phenomenon of client dropout. Client retention has been identified as a critical factor for both the social performance and the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions. Relationship lending in microfinance decreases the probability of clients dropping out, showing the importance of close contacts between loan officers and their clients. We recommend that microfinance practitioners avoid the rotation of loan officers through different branches when the risk of fraud from loan officers is low.
Predictors for Excellent Versus Partial Response to Prolonged Exposure Therapy: Who Needs Additional Sessions?
Authors: Zang Yinyin , Su Yi‐Jen , McLean Carmen P. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn practice, the duration of psychotherapy is determined by the patient's response to treatment. Identifying predictors for treatment responses is of great clinical utility to guide clinicians in their treatment planning. Demographic characteristics, trauma history, comorbidity, and early reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were examined as predictors of excellent versus partial response to prolonged exposure therapy (PE) for PTSD. Participants were 96 female assault survivors with chronic PTSD who received at least eight PE sessions with or without cognitive restructuring. Participants were classified as excellent responders (n = 27) or partial responders (n = 69) based on whether they achieved at least 70% improvement in self‐reported PTSD severity on the PTSD Symptom Scale–Self‐Report at the end of Session 8. Excellent responders terminated therapy after Session 9, and partial responders were offered up to three additional sessions. Logistic regression was conducted to investigate predictors of response to PE. Results showed that prior interpersonal violence and comorbid alcohol use disorder were associated with partial response. Comorbid depressive disorder and early PTSD symptom reduction were associated with excellent response. Being treated by a cognitive behavioral therapy expert predicted higher excellent response for patients with a history of prior interpersonal violence. The model accounted for 56.6% of the variance in treatment response and correctly predicted responder status for 83.3% of the sample. These findings contribute to the field's understanding of factors that predict or moderate response to PE and have implications for treatment planning.