bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between nurse staffing and omissions in nursing care: A systematic review
Authors: Griffiths Peter , Recio‐Saucedo Alejandra , Dall'Ora Chiara , Briggs Jim , Maruotti Antonello , Meredith Paul , Smith Gary B. , Ball Jane ,   the Missed Care Study Group
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo identify nursing care most frequently missed in acute adult inpatient wards and to determine evidence for the association of missed care with nurse staffing.BackgroundResearch has established associations between nurse staffing levels and adverse patient outcomes including in‐hospital mortality. However, the causal nature of this relationship is uncertain and omissions of nursing care (referred as missed care, care left undone or rationed care) have been proposed as a factor which may provide a more direct indicator of nurse staffing adequacy.DesignSystematic review.Data SourcesWe searched the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase and Medline for quantitative studies of associations between staffing and missed care. We searched key journals, personal libraries and reference lists of articles.Review MethodsTwo reviewers independently selected studies. Quality appraisal was based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence quality appraisal checklist for studies reporting correlations and associations. Data were abstracted on study design, missed care prevalence and measures of association. Synthesis was narrative.ResultsEighteen studies gave subjective reports of missed care. Seventy‐five per cent or more nurses reported omitting some care. Fourteen studies found low nurse staffing levels were significantly associated with higher reports of missed care. There was little evidence that adding support workers to the team reduced missed care.ConclusionsLow Registered Nurse staffing is associated with reports of missed nursing care in hospitals. Missed care is a promising indicator of nurse staffing adequacy. The extent to which the relationships observed represent actual failures, is yet to be investigated.
Stress in nurses: The 100 top‐cited papers published in nursing journals
Authors: Martín‐Del‐Río Beatriz , Solanes‐Puchol Ángel , Martínez‐Zaragoza Fermín , Benavides‐Gil Gemma 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo identify and analyse the 100 most cited papers on stress in nurses published in nursing journals.BackgroundThe number of citations an article receives is an index of its impact on the scientific community. An analysis of the most cited articles on stress in nursing would allow us to identify the most important articles and to obtain information about this area of knowledge.DesignA retrospective bibliometric analysis.Data sourcesIn 2016, 111 journals belonging to the “nursing” category were identified in the Science and Social Science Citation Index. A search was performed of the Science Core Collection Website for articles on stress published in these journals.Review methodsThe topic, type of article, publishing journal, countries and institutions of origin and year of publication were extracted from the articles. The impact factor, immediacy index, journal country and publisher and h index were collected from the Institute for Scientific Information. The citation density, citation tendency and Bradford's law were calculated.ResultsThey identified articles were mostly empirical quantitative studies with a transversal design, published from 1975 ‐ 2011 in 23 journals. They were signed by 233 authors, most of whom are English‐speaking from the USA and UK. The core distribution of the publications comprises a single journal, the Journal of Advanced Nursing.ConclusionThe study of stress in nursing has shown increased visibility and recognition each decade. The most recent articles have the highest number of citations, are the highest in rank and have the higher citation densities.
Retracted: Effect of CLIC1 gene silencing on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human gallbladder cancer cells
Authors: He Yue‐Ming , Zhang Zhong‐Lin , Liu Quan‐Yan , Xiao Yu‐Sha , Wei Lei , Xi Chen , Nan Xiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the effects of CLIC1 gene silencing on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human gallbladder cancer (GBC). GBC and normal gallbladder tissues were extracted for the detection of mRNA and protein expressions of CLIC1. GBC‐SD and NOZ cells in the logarithmic growth phase were selected to conduct the experiment. Three different siRNA recombined expression vectors were established using CLIC1 as a target at different sites. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blotting were, respectively, used to detect the CLIC1 mRNA and protein expressions. MTT assay was performed to detect the cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to measure the cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. The variations of cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assay. GBC tissues showed higher CLIC1 mRNA and protein expressions than normal gallbladder tissues. The CLIC1 mRNA and protein expressions in the CLIC1 siRNA group were significantly lower than those in the NC and blank groups. Compared with the NC and blank groups, the CLIC1 siRNA group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation but an obvious increase in apoptosis rate in GBC cells. Besides, in the CLIC1 siRNA group, cell percentage in G0/G1 and G2/M phase was gradually increased but decreased in S phases. The migration and invasion abilities in GBC cells were significantly lower than those in the NC and blank groups. Our study demonstrates that CLIC1 gene silencing could promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation migration and invasion of GBC cells.
A novel peptide Phylloseptin‐PBu from Phyllomedusa burmeisteri possesses insulinotropic activity via potassium channel and GLP‐1 receptor signalling
Authors: Long Qilin , Wang Lei , Zhou Mei , Wu Yuxin , Chen Tianbao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInsulin, as one of the most important hormones regulating energy metabolism, plays an essential role in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis in vivo. Failure or insufficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta‐cells increases glucose and free fatty acid level in circulation and subsequently contributes to the emergence of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia. Therefore, stimulating the insulin release benefits the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity significantly. Frog skin peptides have been extensively studied for their biological functions, among which, Phylloseptin peptides discovered in Phyllomedusinae frogs have been found to exert antimicrobial, antiproliferative and insulinotropic activities, while the mechanism associated with Phylloseptin‐induced insulin secretion remains elusive. In this study, we reported a novel peptide named Phylloseptin‐PBu, isolated and identified from Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, exhibited dose‐dependent insulinotropic property in rat pancreatic beta BRIN‐BD11 cells without altering cell membrane integrity. Further mechanism investigations revealed that Phylloseptin‐PBu‐induced insulin output is predominantly modulated by KATP‐[K+] channel depolarization triggered extracellular calcium influx and GLP‐1 receptor initiated PKA signalling activation. Overall, our study highlighted that this novel Phylloseptin‐PBu peptide has clear potential to be developed as a potent antidiabetic agent with established function‐traced mechanism and low risk of cytotoxicity.
Transplant of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 expressing bone marrow stem cells improves functional regeneration of injured rat uterus by NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Lei , Yang Mengnan , Jin Minfei , Wu Yuelin , Zheng Tao , Gu Shengyi , Hua Xiaolin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo investigate the potential beneficial effect of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in BMSC transplantation therapy of uterus injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms, rat BMSCs were isolated and cultured. The relative expressions of IGF‐1 and IL‐10 were determined by RT‐PCR and immunoblotting. The secretory IL‐10 and released E2 were measured using ELISA kits. The relative vWF and α‐SMA expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. The direct binding of NF‐κB subunit p50 with IL‐10 promoter was analysed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The regulation of IL‐10 expression by p50 was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. Our data demonstrated that IGF‐1 expression in BMSCs induced IL‐10 expression and secretion, which was further enhanced by E2‐PLGA. IGF‐1 overexpression improved BMSCs transplantation therapy in rat uterus injury. We further demonstrated that both inhibition and knockdown of p50 abolished IGF‐1‐induced expression and secretion of IL‐10 in BMSCs, which consequently compromised the IGF‐1 conferred therapeutic benefits against uterus injury. Furthermore, we elucidated that p50 regulated IL‐10 expression via direct association with its promoter. Our data suggested that transplantation of IGF‐1 overexpressing BMSCs improved functional regeneration of injured uterus by inducing IL‐10 expression and secretion via activation of NF‐κB signalling.
Midazolam inhibits chondrogenesis via peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Chen Yung‐Ching , Wu King‐Chuen , Huang Bu‐Miin , So Edmund Cheung , Wang Yang‐Kao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMidazolam, a benzodiazepine derivative, is widely used for sedation and surgery. However, previous studies have demonstrated that Midazolam is associated with increased risks of congenital malformations, such as dwarfism, when used during early pregnancy. Recent studies have also demonstrated that Midazolam suppresses osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Given that hypertrophic chondrocytes can differentiate into osteoblast and osteocytes and contribute to endochondral bone formation, the effect of Midazolam on chondrogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we applied a human MSC line, the KP cell, to serve as an in vitro model to study the effect of Midazolam on chondrogenesis. We first successfully established an in vitro chondrogenic model in a micromass culture or a 2D high‐density culture performed with TGF‐β‐driven chondrogenic induction medium. Treatment of the Midazolam dose‐dependently inhibited chondrogenesis, examined using Alcian blue‐stained glycosaminoglycans and the expression of chondrogenic markers, such as SOX9 and type II collagen. Inhibition of Midazolam by peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) antagonist PK11195 or small interfering RNA rescued the inhibitory effects of Midazolam on chondrogenesis. In addition, Midazolam suppressed transforming growth factor‐β‐induced Smad3 phosphorylation, and this inhibitory effect could be rescued using PBR antagonist PK11195. This study provides a possible explanation for Midazolam‐induced congenital malformations of the musculoskeletal system through PBR.
NF‐κB inhibition reverses acidic bile‐induced miR‐21, miR‐155, miR‐192, miR‐34a, miR‐375 and miR‐451a deregulations in human hypopharyngeal cells
Authors: Doukas Sotirios G. , Vageli Dimitra P. , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that acidic bile activates NF‐κB, deregulating the expression of oncogenic miRNA markers, in pre‐malignant murine laryngopharyngeal mucosa. Here, we hypothesize that the in vitro exposure of human hypopharyngeal cells to acidic bile deregulates cancer‐related miRNA markers that can be reversed by BAY 11‐7082, a pharmacologic NF‐κB inhibitor. We repetitively exposed normal human hypopharyngeal primary cells and human hypopharyngeal keratinocytes to bile fluid (400 μmol/L), at pH 4.0 and 7.0, with/without BAY 11‐7082 (20 μmol/L). We centred our study on the transcriptional activation of oncogenic miR‐21, miR‐155, miR‐192, miR‐34a, miR‐375, miR‐451a and NF‐κB‐related genes, previously linked to acidic bile‐induced pre‐neoplastic events. Our novel findings in vitro are consistent with our hypothesis demonstrating that BAY 11‐7082 significantly reverses the acidic bile‐induced oncogenic miRNA phenotype, in normal hypopharyngeal cells. BAY 11‐7082 strongly inhibits the acidic bile‐induced up‐regulation of miR‐192 and down‐regulation of miR‐451a and significantly decreases the miR‐21/375 ratios, previously related to poor prognosis in hypopharyngeal cancer. This is the first in vitro report that NF‐κB inhibition reverses acidic bile‐induced miR‐21, miR‐155, miR‐192, miR‐34a, miR‐375 and miR‐451a deregulations in normal human hypopharyngeal cells, suggesting that acidic bile‐induced events are directly or indirectly dependent on NF‐κB signalling.
Trait differentiation and adaptation of plants along elevation gradients
Authors: Halbritter Aud H. , Fior Simone , Keller Irene , Billeter Regula , Edwards Peter J. , Holderegger Rolf , Karrenberg Sophie , Pluess Andrea R. , Widmer Alex , Alexander Jake M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStudies of genetic adaptation in plant populations along elevation gradients in mountains have a long history, but there has until now been neither a synthesis of how frequently plant populations exhibit adaptation to elevation nor an evaluation of how consistent underlying trait differences across species are. We reviewed studies of adaptation along elevation gradients (i) from a meta‐analysis of phenotypic differentiation of three traits (height, biomass and phenology) from plants growing in 70 common garden experiments; (ii) by testing elevation adaptation using three fitness proxies (survival, reproductive output and biomass) from 14 reciprocal transplant experiments; (iii) by qualitatively assessing information at the molecular level, from 10 genomewide surveys and candidate gene approaches. We found that plants originating from high elevations were generally shorter and produced less biomass, but phenology did not vary consistently. We found significant evidence for elevation adaptation in terms of survival and biomass, but not for reproductive output. Variation in phenotypic and fitness responses to elevation across species was not related to life history traits or to environmental conditions. Molecular studies, which have focussed mainly on loci related to plant physiology and phenology, also provide evidence for adaptation along elevation gradients. Together, these studies indicate that genetically based trait differentiation and adaptation to elevation are widespread in plants. We conclude that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptation, not only to elevation but also to environmental change, will require more studies combining the ecological and molecular approaches.
Relatives’ involvement in the care of patients in acute medical wards in two different countries—An ethnographic study
Authors: Alshahrani Shadia , Magarey Judy , Kitson Alison 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the nature of relatives’ involvement in the care of patients in acute medical settings in Australia and Saudi Arabia and to explore the perceptions, attitudes and experiences of nurses.BackgroundThere is little known about how relatives respond to being involved in patient care and the impact this has on the quality of care. Equally, little is known about how nurses enable such involvement. Previous studies have focused on settings such as critical care and paediatrics where relatives’ involvement as advocates is mostly acknowledged and accepted.DesignThe study used a qualitative ethnographic approach based on an interpretive paradigm.MethodsData collection was carried out in medical settings in two major hospitals: one in Australia and another in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected by observations and interviews over a 6‐month period, with 3 months spent in each setting.ResultsIn both fields, relatives and nurses faced ongoing ambiguity about the role relatives should play in the hospital environment. Nurses were challenged by the unpredictability of relatives’ participation in patient care. The nurses’ fear of taking responsibility and uncertainty about the relatives’ role led them to take varied and individualised approaches to the involvement of relatives in patient care. Relatives were unclear about how to behave in the role; what the needs of patients were; and whether they were contributing positively to care and this resulted in frustration.ConclusionThe results show that ambiguity regarding the role of relatives led to problems in patient care such as safety concerns and conflict with nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study identified the need for patients’ relatives and nursing staff to more actively engage in negotiating and managing their respective roles in acute medical areas. This could be supported by the development and use of a set of principles or guidelines for nurses, relatives and patients regarding relatives’ involvement in hospital care settings to reduce ambiguity for all involved.
“We're stuck with what we've got”: The impact of lipodystrophy on body image
Authors: Adams Claire , Stears Anna , Savage David , Deaton Christi 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the impact of lipodystrophy on body image and how this affects patients’ daily lives.BackgroundLipodystrophy refers to a group of rare conditions characterised by generalised or partial lack of body fat and is associated with severe metabolic problems, for example, severe insulin resistance, diabetes and pancreatitis. In addition to its metabolic effect, lack of adipose tissue may have a major impact on appearance and cause distressing physical changes. While global research has focused on diagnosis and management, there is no published work investigating the psychological effects of lipodystrophy on body image.MethodsFollowing ethical approval, participants with lipodystrophy were purposively sampled from the National Severe Insulin Resistance Service in Cambridge, UK, and invited to take part in a semi‐structured interview. Eleven (10 female, one male) interviews were conducted and digitally recorded. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsFour main themes were identified in the data set; “Always feeling appearance was different,” “a better understanding of lipodystrophy is needed,” “feeling accepted” and “there's more to lipodystrophy than managing symptoms.” Participants spoke of distressing cosmetic effects related to lack of fat tissue and other changes related to lipodystrophy, contributing to negative body image. For some, negative body image led to feelings of worthlessness impacting daily life and adherence to treatment. Psychological support was lacking but desired by participants.ConclusionLipodystrophy contributes to negative body image affecting patients’ daily lives. Patients wanted psychological support alongside medical management. Further research is needed to determine how best to deliver psychological support and to evaluate its impact on well‐being and metabolic management.Relevance to clinical practiceThe effects of rare diseases such as lipodystrophy on appearance can be distressing for patients. Support beyond medical management is needed to improve patients’ daily lives and help them to live well with appearance‐altering conditions.
The meaning of living with uncertainty for people with motor neurone disease
Authors: Harris Denise Andrea , Jack Kirsten , Wibberley Christopher 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the meaning of living with uncertainty for people diagnosed with motor neurone disease (MND).BackgroundMotor neurone disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition resulting in multiple needs, arising from the complex nature of the disease trajectory. People with MND are often required to make decisions for symptom management and end‐of‐life care. Research into the lived experience of MND has previously highlighted the following: the shock of receiving such a diagnosis and prognosis; subsequent concerns relating to the future and loss; and the existential suffering for a person with MND. The lived experiences of MND accentuate the devastating nature of the disease, and this can impact upon how people respond to care.DesignHermeneutic (interpretive) phenomenology: suitable for studying lifeworld experiences.MethodLife story interviews were conducted with four participants and subjected to interpretive analysis.ResultsThree phases of the MND illness trajectory emerged: “body failing prematurely and searching for answers,” “body deterioration and responses to care” and “body nearing its end and needing to talk.” These phases highlight the phenomenon under study, all relating to uncertainty for people living with MND.ConclusionsThis study showed that people with MND are living with uncertainty and other concerns throughout their illness trajectory. People are having to turn to palliative care professionals who are more able to meet their concerns than those caring for other aspects of their disease.Relevance to clinical practiceMotor neurone disease is a complex disease, and it is important that professionals continue to provide holistic care throughout the illness trajectory. The identification of three distinct phases of the MND illness trajectory will help nurses and other professionals to better understand the meaning of uncertainty and other concerns for people with MND.
THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL EFFECTS OF RELIGION ON SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Basedau Matthias , Gobien Simone , Prediger Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReligion plays a fundamental role in most people's lives with profound implications for socioeconomic development. This survey provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the causal mechanisms between religion and development discussed and tested in the economics literature, and reviews quantitative empirical evidence on the actual effects of religion on economic and social dimensions of development. We start by disaggregating the concept of religion into four religious dimensions and propose a framework to conceptualize causal mechanisms. Numerous mechanisms are possible but only a few uncontested findings exist. Religion is ambivalent vis‐à‐vis development: although religious ideas can foster certain forms of human capital acquisition and labor market participation, scholars have found a negative relationship between religious dimensions and both income and gender equality as well as innovation activities. Religious identity is also a source of labor market discrimination and has ambivalent effects on economic growth and social cohesion. Methodological challenges refer to the availability of fine‐grained data, especially for developing countries, the use of concepts and definitions, and the lack of causal inference.