bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Interface Crack with Mixed Electro-Magnetic Conditions at it Faces in a Piezoelectric / Piezomagnetic Bimaterial under Anti-Plane Mechanical and In-Plane Electric Loadings
Authors: Onopriienko Oleg , Loboda Volodymyr , Sheveleva Alla , Lapusta Yuri 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An interface crack between two semi-infinite piezoelectric/piezomagnetic spaces under out-of-plane mechanical load and in-plane electrical and magnetic fields parallel to the crack faces is considered. Some part of the crack faces is assumed to be electrically conductive and having uniform distribution of magnetic potential whilst the remaining part of the crack faces is electrically and magnetically permeable. The mechanical, electrical, and magnetic factors are presented via functions which are analytic in the whole plane except the crack region. Due to these representations the combined Dirichlet-Riemann and Hilbert boundary value problems are formulated and solved in rather simple analytical form for any relation between conductive and permeable zone lengths. Resulting from this solution the analytical expressions for stress, electric and magnetic fields as well as for the crack faces displacement jump are presented. The singularities of the obtained solution at the crack tips and at the separation point of the mention zones are investigated and the formulas for the corresponding intensity factors are presented. The influence of external electric and magnetic fields upon the mechanic, electric and magnetic quantities at the crack region are illustrated in graph and table forms.
Giftedness as a Possible Risk of Bullying
Authors: Škrabánková Jana , Martínková Martina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
The paper deals with a possible level of risk in cerebrally gifted pupils in relation to bullying at lower secondary schools and grammar schools. In terms of personality characteristics, gifted pupils form a very diverse group, but some research suggests that they might be a risky group concerning school bullying. In the Czech Republic, the most of cerebrally gifted pupils attend ordinary primary schools or grammar schools and they are in daily contact with other pupils. Due to ambiguous research results, there is a question if it is really possible to think of certain risks in the case of cerebrally gifted pupils in relation to their school environment. Quantitative research tried to answer these questions.

Methods:
The research was focused on the perception of selected areas in the class social environment by the diagnosed cerebrally gifted pupils, the undiagnosed gifted ones and the ordinary pupil population. A quantitative research strategy for bullying incidence mapping in primary and grammar schools were determined. As a research tool, a questionnaire was chosen. Gathered data from the initial questionnaire were evaluated by the following methods: dispersion analysis (ANOVA) for data spread by Gauss curve, Kruskal-Wallis test for data with non-Gauss distribution, arithmetic mean, Pearson Chi-Square Test, correlation analysis and contingency tables.

Results:
There are differences among the class climate in ordinary classes and the classes with diagnosed cerebrally gifted pupils and undiagnosed pupils. The comparison was at the level of schools, it means among primary schools and grammar schools. It was found out that the cerebrally gifted respondents repeatedly met some form of bullying.

Discussion:
On the basis of the findings, the authors assumed that cerebrally gifted pupils (GP) represent a risky group in social interaction with their peers and are more prone to different symptoms of bullying. This has not been statistically confirmed. The overall score was similar in other groups.

Limitation:
The views of teachers and the views of some psychologists suggest that within the GP group, there is a special group of GP that is not identifiable by traditional questionnaires. For further research, it is worthwhile to consider opting for such research methods that could reveal those pupils.

Conclusions:
Based on these results, it is possible to support those authors who consider GP as a specific group with their own problems, different values and perceptions, but similar to their peers.
Process Optimization for Dietary Fiber Production from Cassava Pulp Using Acid Treatment
Authors: Pramana Yanuar Sigit , Sunarti Titi Candra , Purwoko  
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Cassava pulp, the side product of tapioca industry consists of starch and fiber as the major component. Acid treatment was employed in the conversion process of cassava pulp into dietary fiber to remove the starch component, to increase fiber content, and to modify the structure of fiber. This study purposed to obtain optimum process conditions (acid concentration, temperature, and reaction time) in the production of dietary fiber from cassava pulp. Process optimization was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for maximizing Total Dietary Fiber (TDF), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) as the responses. The optimum process was gained at 6% H2SO4 concentration, 127°C, and 45 mins. Prediction values of TDF, WHC, and OHC were 100%, 10.47 g/g, and 3.60 g/g, respectively. Validation was carried out and resulted in TDF 96.95%, WHC 10.47 g/g, and OHC 3.55 g/g. Physicochemical properties of the resulting dietary fiber were significantly improved. The fiber structure has modified which characterized by the changes in morphology and crystallinity.
Effects of Stachyose on Synbiotic Yogurt Obtained from Goat Milk with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Shu Guowei , Tian Mengqi , Cao Binyun , Wang Changfeng , Xin Ni 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Development of synbiotic yogurt having multiple health benefits has become a new trend. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum stachyose concentration of the goat yogurt fermented by probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) or Lactobacillus casei (LC) besides Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus by measuring pH, acidity, viable counts and the change of stachyose content. The optimal stachyose concentration of goat LA-yogurt and goat LC-yogurt were 0.4% and 0.8%. Under the above concentrations, the total bacteria number and the viable counts of LA were 2.02×109cfu/mL, 3×107cfu/mL, respectively; the total bacteria number and the viable counts of LC were 2.55×109cfu/mL, 2.53×108cfu/mL, respectively. The results indicate that stachyose can effectively improve the vitality and the viable counts of strains in goat yogurt.
Improving Fermentation of Steamed Stalk to Feed Using Candida utilis and Pachysolen tannophilus
Authors: Chen He , Mei Sha , Dai Chunji , He Yunxia , Yu Jianjun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the protein content of straw feed and reduce the amount of nutrients added, in this paper, the cell wall structure of corn stalk was destroyed by thermophilic digestion and the polysaccharide was degraded into monosaccharide by complex enzyme, and then transformed into bacterial protein by double strain Candida utilis 1807 and Pachysolen tannophilus 1771 fermentation. Single factor experiments and orthogonal test were made to obtain the best process for the feed of double-bacteria synchronous fermentation of stalks. The optimum amount of each nutrient and the inoculation amounts of double bacteria (accounts for the percentage of the original dry straw quality): ammonium sulfate 6.79%, urea 2.72%, yeast powder 1.63%, magnesium sulfate 0.27%, Candida utilis 54.31% and Pachysolen tannophilus 54.31%; The operational parameters of fermentation process were: fermentation temperature 29°C, rotate speed 100 r/min and fermentation time 55 hours. The yield of stalk feed and crude protein was 82.04%, 23.33%, respectively. The crude protein content of stalk feed was 28.44%, which was 4.33 times of original dry stalk. The results showed that the multi-strain distribution and degradation of protein production provide important significance for corn straw bio-utilization.
Refined prediction of vertical gradient of gravity at Etna volcano gravity network (Italy)
Authors: Zahorec Pavol , Papčo Juraj , Vajda Peter , Greco Filippo , Cantarero Massimo , Carbone Daniele 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Predicted values of the vertical gradient of gravity (VGG) on benchmarks of Etna’s monitoring system, based on calculation of the topographic contribution to the theoretical free-air gradient, are compared with VGG values observed in situ. The verification campaign indicated that improvements are required when predicting the VGGs at such networks. Our work identified the following factors to be resolved: (a) accuracy of the benchmark position; (b) gravitational effect of buildings and roadside walls adjacent to benchmarks; (c) accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM) in the proximity of benchmarks. Benchmark positions were refined using precise geodetic methods. The gravitational effects of the benchmark-adjacent walls and buildings were modeled and accounted for in the prediction. New high-resolution DEMs were produced in the innermost zone at some benchmarks based on drone-flown photogrammetry to improve the VGG prediction at those benchmarks. The three described refinements in the VGG prediction improved the match between predicted and in situ observed VGGs at the network considerably. The standard deviation of differences between the measured and predicted VGG values decreased from 36 to 13 μGal/m.
Isolation of Free Amino Acids via Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Tobacco-Derived F1 Protein
Authors: Ashraf-Khorassani Mehdi , Coleman William M. , Dube Michael F. , Taylor Larry T. 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Free amino acids have been isolated via optimized enzymatic hydrolysis of F1 tobacco protein using two cationic resins (Amberlite IR120 and Dowex MAC-2). Optimized enzymatic conversions of the protein as a result of systematic variations in conditions (e.g., time, temperature, pH, enzyme type, enzyme concentration, anaerobic/aerobic environments, and protein concentration) employing commercially available enzymes, were consistently higher than 50% with qualitative amino acid arrays that were consistent with the known composition of tobacco F1 protein. Amberlite IR120 was shown to have a much higher efficiency and capacity for isolation of amino acids from standard solutions and from hydrolysate when compared with the results using Dowex MAC-2. Two columns packed with conditioned Amberlite IR120 (120 × 10 mm,12–15 g resin) and (200 × 25.4 mm, 60–65 g resin) were used to isolate two batches (2.5–3.0 mg and 13–15 mg) of free amino acids, respectively. A relatively inexpensive analytical methodology was developed for rapid analysis of the free amino acids contained within the enzyme hydrolysate. Commercially available enzymes, when employed in optimized reaction conditions, are very effective for enzymatic conversion of tobacco F1 protein to free amino acids.
Grimes on the tacking by disjunction problem
Authors: Moretti Luca 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I focus on the so-called ‘tacking by disjunction problem.’ Namely, the problem to the effect that, if a hypothesis h is confirmed by a statement e, h is confirmed by the disjunction e ∨ f, for whatever statement f. I show that the attempt to settle this difficulty made by Grimes 1990, in a paper apparently forgotten by today methodologists, is irremediably faulty.
On Bickle’s failure to give a formal account of the location in the new-wave reductionist spectrum
Authors: Fonseca João 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper I discuss John Bickle’s attempt to provide a formal procedure to locate a certain reduction relation in the Hooker’s and Church-land’s New wave reductionist spectrum. Bickle’s main motivation is to react against the ‘Khunnian flavored,’ internal-to-scientific-practice pragmatist solution endorsed by Patricia Churchland when faced with the lack of a formal and external way to identify a reduction in the spectrum. Bickle tries to solve this problem by reformulating Hooker’s insights within a structuralist framework so establishing an external-toscientific-practice formal solution. I show that Bickle fails on his attempt and, as a consequence, we should adopt Patricia Churchland pragmatic stance regarding reductionist and ontological decisions.
The Impossibility of Temporal Relations Between Non-Identical Times: New Arguments for Presentism
Authors: Grupp Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
I argue that relations between non-identical times, such as the relations, earlier than, later than, or 10 seconds apart, involve contradiction, and only co-temporal relations are non-contradictory, which would leave presentism the only non-contradictory theory of time. The arguments I present are arguments that I have not seen in the literature.
On an argument of Segal’s against singular object-dependent thoughts
Authors: Marques Teresa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses and criticizes Segal’s 1989 argument against singular object-dependent thoughts. His argument aims at showing that object-dependent thoughts are explanatorily redundant. My criticism of Segal’s argument has two parts. First, I appeal to common anti-individualist arguments to the effect that Segal’s type of argument only succeeds in establishing that object-dependent thoughts are explanatorily redundant for those aspects of subjects’ behaviour that do not require reference to external objects. Secondly, Segal’s view on singular thoughts is at odds with his view on the semantics of proper names, which favours the singularity and object-dependency of the truth-conditions of sentences in which they occur. In particular, his views are at odds with a position he holds, that truth-conditional semantics can adequately account for all aspects of speakers’ linguistic competence in the use of proper names.
Whyte on desire fulfilment conditions: a simple problem
Authors: Chandler Jake 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
According to Jamie Whyte, the proper assignment of fulfilment conditions to an agent’s set of desires proceeds in three steps. First, one identifies various desire extinction and behavioural reinforcement conditions to obtain the fulfilment conditions of a certain subset of the agent’s desires. With these fulfilment conditions in hand, one then appeals to a principle connecting desire fulfilment conditions with belief truth conditions to obtain the truth conditions of a number of the agent’s beliefs. Finally, one uses these belief truth conditions to generate, via a third principle, the fulfilment conditions for the remaining desires. There is, however, a very straightforward reason why this strategy cannot yield the required results.
Shoemaker’s moderate qualia realism and the transparency of qualia
Authors: Smith Renée J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Qualia realists hold that experience’s phenomenal character is a non-representational property of experience, what they call qualia. Representationalists hold that phenomenal character is a representational property of experience — there are no qualia (in this particular sense of the word). The transparency of qualia to introspection would seem to count as reason for rejecting qualia realism and favouring representationalism. Sydney Shoemaker defends a middle ground, call it moderate qualia realism, which seems to provide a response to the problem of transparency that in consistent with qualia realism. According to this view, while phenomenal character is a representational property of experience, it is determined by certain non-representational properties of experience, namely qualia. Shoemaker explains the apparent transparency of qualia by claiming that, while qualia are not directly introspectible, they are indirectly introspectible. I argue that neither Shoemaker’s moderate qualia realism nor his account of indirect introspection provide the qualia realist with a plausible solution to the problem of transparency.
Doxastic voluntarism and self-deception
Authors: Booth Anthony R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Direct Doxastic Voluntarism — the notion that we have direct (un-mediated) voluntary control over our beliefs — has widely been held to be false. There are, however, two ways to interpret the impossibility of our having doxastic control: as either a conceptual/ logical/metaphysical impossibility or as a psychological impossibility. In this paper I analyse the arguments for (Williams 1973; Scott-Kakures 1993; Adler 2002) and against (Bennett 1990;Radcliffe 1997) both types of claim and, in particular, evaluate the bearing that putative cases of self-deception have on the arguments in defence of voluntarism about belief. For it would seem that if it is the case that self-induced cases of self-deception are indeed possible, then voluntarism about belief could be true after all. Bennett claims that Williams’ argument for the impossibility case proves too much in that if it is successful in ruling out direct doxastic voluntarism, it is also successful in ruling out cases of indirect doxastic voluntarism. If cases of self-deception can also be cases of indirect doxastic voluntarism, then such cases support the argument against the impossibility case. I argue that Bennett is right in claiming that Williams’ argument proves too much, that cases of self-deception are indeed also sometimes cases of indirect self-deception and so that they cause genuine trouble for the conceptual impossibility case. However, I also argue that this is the only genuine worry for Williams’ argument. I end, while considering whether cases of self-deception can tell us anything about the psychological possibility of direct doxastic control, by suggesting a way of establishing the conceptual impossibility of direct doxastic control that circumvents Bennett’s counter-argument.
S5 solution to the red hat puzzle
Authors: Robinson Robert C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
I argue that the solution to the Red Hat Problem, a puzzle derived from interactive epistemic logic, requires S5. Interactive epistemic logic is set out in formal terms, and an attempt to solve the red hat puzzle is made in K
τσ, K
ρτ, and K
ρσ, each of which fails, showing that a stronger system, K
τσρ is required.
Is Rationality Normative?
Authors: Broome John 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Rationality requires various things of you. For example, it requires you not to have contradictory beliefs, and to intend what you believe is a necessary means to an end that you intend. Suppose rationality requires you to F. Does this fact constitute a reason for you to F? Does it even follow from this fact that you have a reason to F? I examine these questions and reach a sceptical conclusion about them. I can find no satisfactory argument to show that either has the answer ‘yes’. I consider the idea that rationality is normative for instrumental reasons, because it helps you to achieve some of the things you ought to achieve. I also consider the idea that rationality consists in responding correctly to reasons. I reject both.
Acting Without Reasons
Authors: Prades Josep L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I want to challenge some common assumptions in contemporary theories of practical rationality and intentional action. If I am right, the fact that our intentions can be rationalised is widely misunderstood. Normally, it is taken for granted that the role of rationalisations is to show the reasons that the agent had to make up her mind. I will argue against this. I do not object to the idea that acting intentionally is, at least normally, acting for reasons, but I will propose a teleological reading of the expression ‘for reasons.’ On this reading, it is quite possible to act for reasons without having reasons to act. In a similar way, paradigmatic cases of cogent practical reasoning do not require the transference of justification from the premises to the practical conclusion.
Can Minimalism Account for the Value of Truth?
Authors: Moad Edward 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Michael Dummett, in ‘Truth,’ mounted an objection to the redundancy theory of truth on the grounds that it neglects to account for the normative features he claimed are part of the concept of truth. Paul Horwich, in ‘The Minimalist Conception of Truth’, notes that the same objection could be leveled against minimalism. He defends minimalism against Dummett’s objection by offering a sketch of an instrumental account of the desirability of truth that is compatible with the minimalist thesis. In this paper, I will review Dummett’s objection and Horwich’s response, identifying some concerns with the account as it stands. I will modify the account to address those concerns, and so that it successfully explains the desirability of having all true beliefs in a way that is compatible with minimalism. I then mount an argument that truth is also intrinsically valuable. The question regarding the adequacy of the minimalist account of truth, then, hinges on whether the account is compatible with the fact of truth’s intrinsic value, along with the question of whether that fact entails its also being essentially valuable.
On the Rationality of Decisions with Unreliable Probabilities
Authors: Birman Fernando 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The standard Bayesian recipe for selecting the rational choice is presented. A familiar example in which the recipe fails to produce any definite result is introduced. It is argued that a generalization of Gärdenfors’ and Sahlin’s theory of unreliable probabilities — which itself does not guarantee a solution to the problem — offers the best available approach. But a number of challenges to this approach are also presented and discussed.
Os limites da racionalidade: auto-engano e acrasia
Authors: Correia Vasco 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I argue that ordinary cases of self-deception and akrasia derive from the phenomenon of motivated irrationality. According to the ‘motivational’ account, self-deception is typically induced by the influence that desires and emotions exert upon our cognitive faculties, and thereby upon the process of belief formation. Crucially, I show that this hypothesis is consistent with the empirical research carried out by social psychologists, and that it avoids a number of paradoxes that undermine the ‘intentionalist’ account. But motivated irrationality also seems to account for most cases of akrasia, insofar as desires are equally liable to affect the evaluative judgments through which we assess feasible options. This analysis thus set the premises for a unified account of irrationality.
Necessity and Color Incompatibility
Authors: Kierland Brian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A traditional view is that all necessary truths are analytic. A frequent objection is that certain claims of color incompatibility – e.g., ‘Nothing is both red and green all over’ – are necessarily true but not analytic. I argue that this objection to the traditional view fails because such color incompatibility claims are either analytic or contingent.
Indispensability Arguments and Their Quinean Heritage
Authors: Busch Jacob , Sereni Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Indispensability arguments (IA) for mathematical realism are commonly traced back to Quine. We identify two different Quinean strands in the interpretation of IA, what we label the ‘logical point of view’ and the ‘theory-contribution’ point of view. Focusing on each of the latter, we offer two minimal versions of IA. These both dispense with a number of theoretical assumptions commonly thought to be relevant to IA (most notably confirmational holism and naturalism). We then show that the attribution of both minimal arguments to Quine is controversial, and stress the extent to which this is so in both cases, in order to attain a better appreciation of the Quinean heritage of IA.