bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information technology, governance and insurance in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice , Nnanna Joseph , Acha-Anyi Paul 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in modulating the effect of governance on insurance penetration in 42 Sub-Saharan African countries using data for the period 2004-2014.Design/methodology/approachTwo insurance indicators are used in the analysis, namely, life insurance and non-life insurance. The three ICT modulating dynamics used include mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. Six governance channels are also considered, namely, political stability, “voice & accountability”, regulation quality, government effectiveness, the rule of law and corruption-control. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments.FindingsThe following main findings are established. First, mobile phone penetration does not significantly modulate governance channels to positively affect life insurance while it effectively complements “voice & accountability” to induce a positive net effect on non-life insurance. Second, internet penetration complements governance dynamics of political stability, government effectiveness and rule of law to induce positive net effects on life insurance and corruption-control for an overall positive effect on non-life insurance. Third, the relevance of fixed broadband subscriptions in promoting life insurance is apparent via governance channels of regulation quality, government effectiveness and the rule of law while fixed broadband subscriptions do not induce significant overall net effects on non-life insurance though the conditional effects are overwhelmingly significant.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, studies on the relevance of ICT in promoting insurance consumption through governance channels are sparse, especially for a region such as Sub-Saharan Africa where insurance penetration is low compared to other regions of the world.
An analysis of design process and performance in distributed data science teams
Authors: Maier Torsten , DeFranco Joanna , Mccomb Christopher 
Published: September 2019

PurposeOften, it is assumed that teams are better at solving problems than individuals working independently. However, recent work in engineering, design and psychology contradicts this assumption. This study aims to examine the behavior of teams engaged in data science competitions. Crowdsourced competitions have seen increased use for software development and data science, and platforms often encourage teamwork between participants.Design/methodology/approachWe specifically examine the teams participating in data science competitions hosted by Kaggle. We analyze the data provided by Kaggle to compare the effect of team size and interaction frequency on team performance. We also contextualize these results through a semantic analysis.FindingsThis work demonstrates that groups of individuals working independently may outperform interacting teams on average, but that small, interacting teams are more likely to win competitions. The semantic analysis revealed differences in forum participation, verb usage and pronoun usage when comparing top- and bottom-performing teams.Research limitations/implicationsThese results reveal a perplexing tension that must be explored further: true teams may experience better performance with higher cohesion, but nominal teams may perform even better on average with essentially no cohesion. Limitations of this research include not factoring in team member experience level and reliance on extant data.Originality/valueThese results are potentially of use to designers of crowdsourced data science competitions as well as managers and contributors to distributed software development projects.
Managing practitioners’ experience and generational differences for adopting lean production principles
Authors: Tortorella Guilherme , Miorando Rogério , Meiriño Marcelo , Sawhney Rapinder 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of practitioners’ experience and generational differences on the adoption level of lean production (LP) principles in their daily decisions and behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors carried out a cross-sector survey with 135 practitioners from different Brazilian manufacturers that have been implementing LP for at least five years. Collected data were analyzed based on multivariate techniques.

Findings
The results show how different combinations between practitioners’ LP experience and generational characteristics may entail a higher likelihood of adopting LP principles. While members from generation X do not seem to be associated with the adoption of LP principles, the ones from generations Y and Z are differently related with LP based upon their experience levels.

Originality/value
The understanding of individual differences for adopting LP principles allows the establishment of proper expectations with respect to each practitioner’s openness to change. Studies that address the adoption level of LP principles based on certain individual characteristics, such as practitioners’ experience with lean implementation and their generational values and beliefs, are scarce in the literature.
Dynamic capabilities and the knowledge nexus
Authors: Daniel Lisa J. , Huang Fang 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose alternative ways to develop and leverage organisational knowledge by considering the nexus of data managed by information and communications technologies and the expertise of human capacity. In doing so this paper challenges current understanding of tacit–explicit knowledge boundaries and presents a third dimension of knowledge which can be developed as a strategic organisational resource.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper seeks to extend current understanding of knowledge and presents the organisational knowledge nexus as a confluence of information, knowledge resources and human potential. Knowledge management is explored through the theoretical frameworks of the knowledge nexus and a model of triadic knowledge. Their conceptualisation and development are discussed and illustrated.

Findings
This research suggests the potential for organisational knowledge resources to be advanced is greater, if organisations can strategically use the knowledge nexus with a triadic perspective of knowledge. A framework for knowledge development with increasing levels of insight is proposed.

Research limitations/implications
As a novel conceptual work this research has limitations of newness. It presents a challenge to conventional thinking because of the subliminal nature of latent knowledge and the causal ambiguity of its development process in the knowledge nexus. The potential of latent knowledge and its transition process in the organisational knowledge nexus has significant implications for organisational knowledge development.

Originality/value
The concepts of latent knowledge, the knowledge nexus and their potential ability to develop and leverage organisational knowledge resources presents a paradigm shift to currently accepted understanding of knowledge systems and organisational knowledge management. The originality and value of this work comes through its contribution to broadening our understanding of the scope and potential of organisational knowledge resources and their processes of transition and development.
Molecular characteristics of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin and soft tissue infections collected in the Japanese nationwide surveillance
Authors: Kaku Norihito , Ohnishi Takamitsu , Matsumoto Tetsuya , Watanabe Shinichi , Yanagihara Katsunori 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSkin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common infection among both outpatients and inpatients. The most frequently isolated bacterium in SSTI was Staphylococcus aureus, a quarter of which was methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In this study, to investigate molecular epidemiology of the 141 MRSA strains collected in the Japanese nationwide surveillance, we performed multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction to detect staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type and virulence genes. The percentage of SCCmec types I, II, III and IV was 1.4%, 52.5%, 5.7% and 40.4%, respectively. According to the SCCmec type, we classified the strains into health‐care‐associated (HA)‐MRSA (n = 84) and community‐associated (CA)‐MRSA (n = 57). Among the virulence genes, the percentage of enterotoxin C gene‐positive strains was significantly higher in CA‐MRSA than in HA‐MRSA. No significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of antibiotic susceptibility and patients’ background information, classification of SSTI or symptoms of SSTI.
Porous social orders
Authors: GERSHON ILANA 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMany cultural anthropologists today share a common theoretical commitment: to view the people they encounter during fieldwork as living among multiple social orders that are interconnected and contingent. When social orders are multiple, ethnographers are quickly faced with the question of how people construct the boundaries between these social orders to be both durable (enough) to keep social orders distinct and porous (enough) to allow people, objects, forms, and ideas to circulate across them in appropriate ways. What counts as appropriate is, not surprisingly, often hotly contested. Despite contemporary ethnographers’ varied intellectual trajectories, a crosscutting set of theoretical assumptions unites their work and shapes how they approach familiar anthropological foci, such as circulation, ritual, scale, and power. [porous boundaries, social orders, circulation, ritual, scale, power, fieldwork, ethnography, theory]
Evaluating the interplay between subclinical levels of mental health symptoms and coordination dynamics
Authors: Macpherson Margaret Catherine , Marie Dannette , Schön Sophia , Miles Lynden K. 
Published: September 2019

Viewed under the broad theoretical umbrella of an embodied–embedded approach to psychological activity, body movements can be seen to play an essential role in shaping social interaction. Of note, research concerning the embodiment of social cognition has documented key differences in non‐verbal behaviour during social interaction for individuals diagnosed with a range of disorders, including social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder. The present work sets out to extend these findings by better understanding the interplay between subclinical variation in psychopathology and social‐motor coordination, a key component of effective interaction. We asked participants, in pairs, to swing hand‐held pendula that varied in their intrinsic movement characteristics. Extending previous clinically oriented work (Varlet et al., 2014, Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 29), our results indicated that subclinical variation in mental health status was predictive of disruption to the patterns of coordination dynamics that characterize effective social exchange. This work provides further evidence for the utility of theorizing social interaction as a self‐organizing dynamical system and strengthens support for the claim that disruption to interpersonal coordination may act as an embodied–embedded marker of variation in mental health.
Near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy through bone
Authors: Nakamura Yu A. , Okuyama Shuhei , Furusawa Aki , Nagaya Tadanobu , Fujimura Daiki , Okada Ryuhei , Maruoka Yasuhiro , Eclarinal Philip C. , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNear‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a molecularly targeted cancer phototherapy that is based on injecting a conjugate of a silicon‐phthalocyanine derivative, IRdye 700DX (IR700), and a monoclonal antibody that targets an expressed antigen on the cancer cell surface. Subsequent local exposure to NIR light results in the rapid and highly selective immunogenic cell death of targeted cancer cells. Because many cancers grow in bones through which light does not penetrate well, the goal of this study was to determine if NIR‐PIT can effectively treat cancers in bone. A bovine rib was used as a bone sample. Because the sample’s NIR light transmittance was shown to be approximately 4.52% in preliminary tests, it was hypothesized that a maximum radiation dosage of 128 and 1500 J/cm2 would be sufficient to induce cell death in in vitro target cells and in vivo mouse tumor models, respectively. Cell viability was measured through bioluminescence studies comparing relative luciferase activity, as well as a cytotoxicity assay. In the in vitro model, tumor cell viability was significantly decreased after 64 and 128 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone. An in vivo mouse tumor model also showed that 1500 J/cm2 NIR light irradiation through the bone significantly reduced tumor viability at both 24 and 48 hours posttreatment compared to the control group (P = .026 and .040 respectively). Therefore, despite limitations in light transmission, NIR‐PIT nevertheless is capable of effectively treating cancers within bone.
Regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: In vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Zordani Alessio , Pisciotta Alessandra , Bertoni Laura , Bertani Giulia , Vallarola Antonio , Giuliani Daniela , Puliatti Stefano , Mecugni Daniela , Bianchi Giampaolo , de Pol Anto , Carnevale Gianluca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the regenerative potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). SUI, an involuntary leakage of urine, is due to physical stress involving an increase in bladder pressure and a damage of external urethral sphincter affecting muscles and nerves. Conventional therapies can only relieve the symptoms. Human DPSCs are characterized by peculiar stemness and immunomodulatory properties and might provide an alternative tool for SUI therapy.Materials and methodsIn vitro phase: hDPSCs were induced towards the myogenic commitment following a 24 hours pre‐conditioning with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza), then differentiation was evaluated. In vivo phase: pudendal nerve was transected in female rats to induce stress urinary incontinence; then, pre‐differentiated hDPSCs were injected in the striated urethral sphincter. Four weeks later, urethral sphincter regeneration was assayed through histological, functional and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsHuman DPSCs were able to commit towards myogenic lineage in vitro and, four weeks after cell injection, hDPSCs engrafted in the external urethral sphincter whose thickness was almost recovered, committed towards myogenic lineage in vivo, promoted vascularization and an appreciable recovery of the continence. Moreover, hDPSCs were detected within the nerve, suggesting their participation in repair of transected nerve.ConclusionsThese promising data and further investigations on immunomodulatory abilities of hDPSCs would allow to make them a potential tool for alternative therapies of SUI.
Diverse histomorphology of HER2‐positive breast carcinomas based on differential ER expression
Authors: Akashi Momoko , Yamaguchi Rin , Kusano Hironori , Obara Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Miki , Toh Uhi , Akiba Jun , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Tanaka Maki , Akagi Yoshito , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: September 2019

AimsHER2‐positive (HER2+) breast carcinoma (BC) cases are often treated similarly; however, they can be classified as either luminal B (LH) or non‐luminal type (NLH) BC, which have different prognoses. In this study, we investigated the clinicohistomorphological features of each HER2+ BC subgroup.Methods and resultsWe classified 166 patients with HER2+ invasive BC into LH (n = 110, 66.3%) and NLH groups (n = 56, 33.7%). We further subclassified LH into patients with carcinomas expressing high levels of hormone receptors [LH‐high; Allred score, oestrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PgR) 4–8, n = 89, 53.6%] or low levels (LH‐low; Allred score, ER and/or PgR 2 or 3, n = 21, 12.7%) for clinicohistomorphological characterisation. Morphological review showed that NLH included a percentage of patients with comedo necrosis, while LH patients had significantly more central scarring. In terms of immune responsiveness, NLH showed significantly higher rates of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and healing. The LH‐high and NLH groups showed distinct characteristics (by both models, P < 0.05) and the LH‐low group appeared to demonstrate intermediate characteristics according to multinomial analyses using covariates reflecting tumour morphology and immune response outcomes.ConclusionsThese results support the classification of HER2+ BC into two major subgroups, LH‐high and NLH, based on tumour morphology and immune response; LH‐high proliferates via scirrhous and/or spiculated growth with a central scar, while the primary proliferation pattern of NLH is based on in‐situ carcinomas containing comedo necrosis with noticeable TILs and healing.
Current outcomes when optimizing ‘standard’ sample preparation for single‐particle cryo‐EM
Authors: CARRAGHER B. , CHENG Y. , FROST A. , GLAESER R.M. , LANDER G.C. , NOGALES E. , WANG H.‐W. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAlthough high‐resolution single‐particle cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is now producing a rapid stream of breakthroughs in structural biology, it nevertheless remains the case that the preparation of suitable frozen‐hydrated samples on electron microscopy grids is often quite challenging. Purified samples that are intact and structurally homogeneous – while still in the test tube – may not necessarily survive the standard methods of making extremely thin, aqueous films on grids. As a result, it is often necessary to try a variety of experimental conditions before finally finding an approach that is optimal for the specimen at hand. Here, we summarize some of our collective experiences to date in optimizing sample preparation, in the hope that doing so will be useful to others, especially those new to the field. We also hope that an open discussion of these common challenges will encourage the development of more generally applicable methodology. Our collective experiences span a diverse range of biochemical samples and most of the commonly used variations in how grids are currently prepared. Unfortunately, none of the currently used optimization methods can be said, in advance, to be the one that ultimately will work when a project first begins. Nevertheless, there are some preferred first steps to explore when facing specific problems that can be more generally recommended, based on our experience and that of many others in the cryo‐EM field.
Using the Robson 10‐Group Classification System to Compare Cesarean Birth Utilization Between US Centers With and Without Midwives
Authors: Smith Denise Colter , Phillippi Julia C. , Lowe Nancy K , Breman Rachel Blankstein , Carlson Nicole S. , Neal Jeremy L. , Gutierrez Eric , Tilden Ellen L. 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe Robson 10‐group classification system stratifies cesarean birth rates using maternal characteristics. Our aim was to compare cesarean birth utilization in US centers with and without midwifery care using the Robson classification.MethodsWe used National Institute of Child and Human Development Consortium on Safe Labor data from 2002 to 2008. Births to women in centers with interprofessional care that included midwives (n = 48,857) were compared with births in non‐interprofessional centers (n = 47,935). To compare cesarean utilization, births were classified into the Robson categories. Cesarean birth rates within each category and the contribution to the overall rate were calculated. Maternal demographics, labor and birth outcomes, and neonatal outcomes were described. Logistic regression was used to adjust for maternal comorbidities.ResultsWomen were less likely to have a cesarean birth (26.1% vs 33.5%, P < .001) in centers with interprofessional care. Nulliparous women with singleton, cephalic, term fetuses (category 2) were less likely to have labor induced (11.1% vs 23.4%, P < .001), and women with a prior uterine scar (category 5) had lower cesarean birth rates (73.8% vs 85.1%, P < .001) in centers with midwives. In centers without midwives, nulliparous women with singleton, cephalic, term fetuses with induction of labor (category 2a) were less likely to have a cesarean birth compared with those in interprofessional care centers in unadjusted comparison (30.3% vs 35.8%, P < .001), but this was reversed after adjustment for maternal comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.32; P < .001). Cesarean birth rates among women at risk for complications (eg, breech) were similar between groups.DiscussionInterprofessional care teams were associated with lower rates of labor induction and overall cesarean utilization as well as higher rates of vaginal birth after cesarean. There was consistency in cesarean rates among women with higher risk for complications.
Microstructure of the small intestine in broiler chickens fed a diet with probiotic or synbiotic supplementation
Authors: Bogucka Joanna , Ribeiro David Miguel , Bogusławska‐Tryk Monika , Dankowiakowska Agata , da Costa Rosário Plácido Roberto , Bednarczyk Marek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic and a synbiotic on the morphometric parameters of the small intestine of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on three hundred sixty, one‐day‐old female Ross 308 chicks, which were randomly selected from 20,000 birds and divided into three treatment groups (n = 120) with ten replicates per treatment. The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, the probiotic group (PRO) was fed the same diet with an added 1% of the probiotic Lavipan® (Lactococcus lactis, Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the synbiotic group (SYN) was fed the commercial diet with an added synbiotic: 0.8% of the prebiotic RFO (extracted from lupin seeds) and 1% Lavipan®. According to the manufacturer's data, apart from the typical probiotic action,microorganisms contained in the preparation release anti‐bacterial substances (hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins) and, therefore, are antagonistic towards pathogenic bacteria present in the gut of animals. Supplementation took place in the first seven days of rearing, and all birds had ad libitum access to water and feed during the 42 days of the experiment. On the last day, all birds were slaughtered and samples from three segments of the small intestine were taken. Villi area, height, width and crypt depth ratios were read using Multiscan software. Synbiotic supplementation increased the BWG of broilers from first to tenth day of rearing, compared to the control group. The PRO group had improved villi morphometric parameters of the duodenum. In the jejunum and ileum, both bioactive substances improved villus width and villus surface area. Crypts were deeper in the small intestine of birds supplemented with bioactive substances, which allows greater renewal of the villi. As expected, the intestinal morphometric parameters of broiler chickens benefited from bioactive substance supplementation.