bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and behavioral responses to anthropogenic stressors in a human-tolerant mammal
Authors: Hammond Talisin T , Vo Minnie , Burton Clara T , Surber Lisa L , Lacey Eileen A , Smith Jennifer E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As humans continue to alter natural habitats, many wild animals are facing novel suites of environmental stimuli. These changes, including increased human–wildlife interactions, may exert sublethal impacts on wildlife such as alterations in stress physiology and behavior. California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi) occur in human-modified as well as more pristine environments, where they face a variety of anthropogenic and naturally occurring threats. This makes this species a valuable model for examining the effects of diverse challenges on the physiology and behavior of free-living mammals. To explore potential sublethal effects of habitat modification on O. beecheyi, we compared body masses, behaviors, and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels for free-living squirrels in human-disturbed versus undisturbed habitats. Prior to these analyses, we validated the use of FGMs in this species by exposing captive O. beecheyi to pharmacological and handling challenges; both challenges produced significant increases in FGMs in the study animals. While FGM responses were repeatable within captive individuals, responses by free-living animals were more variable, perhaps reflecting a greater range of life-history traits and environmental conditions within natural populations of squirrels. Animals from our human-disturbed study site had significantly higher FGMs, significantly lower body masses, and were significantly less behaviorally reactive to humans than those from our more pristine study site. Thus, despite frequent exposure of California ground squirrels to human impacts, anthropogenic stressors appear to influence stress physiology and other phenotypic traits in this species. These findings suggest that even human-tolerant mammalian species may experience important sublethal consequences due to human modifications of natural habitats.
Deprescribing in Psychiatry
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Cahill John , Miller Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the growth of polypharmacy across medicine, the concept of deprescribing—reducing or eliminating the use of medication—is gaining traction among prescribers in a range of specialties. Applying this concept to psychiatry is more complex than in other fields of medicine and requires expanding the intervention to include consideration of psychological, social, environmental, and cultural factors. Taking a recovery-oriented and strengths-based approach, this book outlines the need for deprescribing in psychiatry and expands on the intervention to look at barriers and strategies for addressing them, as well as specific considerations for classes of psychotropic medications. The book is explicitly not against the use of medications but instead promotes a rational approach to considering the reduction of medications when indicated and when agreed upon by both prescriber and patient by promoting the use of shared decision-making and working to minimize risk while maximizing quality of life. The book includes learning objectives, self-assessment quizzes, and case examples to support the reader and provide concrete illustrations of implementation. It is geared toward all prescribers of psychiatric medications and is useful as well for patients, family members, and other mental health practitioners interested in learning more about approaches to making the best, most judicious use of psychiatric medications in mental health.
Decision-Making in Deprescribing
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses a framework for psycho-pharmacological decision-making and its applications specifically in the context of deprescribing. It introduces concepts and considerations involved in implementing shared decision-making, including how to create a constructive environment for conversations, stages of shared decision-making, and factors to consider that may impact both the provider and the patient. These decisions are especially difficult when doctors and patients disagree, when values or preferences conflict with standard guidelines, or simply when no guidelines are available. Identifying possible bias against making changes in medication regimens is highlighted, as well as the importance of honoring cultural preferences in the decision-making process.
Nonpharmacological Aspects of Deprescribing
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the possible psychological and social impacts of deprescribing that may emerge when initiating a course of deprescribing. These may include anticipated reactions from family members, treaters, and systems, each of which deserves addressing in the context of the intervention in order to best facilitate deprescribing. These reactions may include real and imagined consequences for a patient, family and friends, treater, and systems (such as altered access to resources/entitlements). By understanding and considering these nonpharmacological aspects of the intervention, prescribers may better anticipate otherwise unforeseen pitfalls in the process. Strategies for eliciting and addressing these concerns are discussed.
Wellness Approaches I
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Some patients and their support systems may interpret an attempt at deprescribing as a withdrawal of treatment or care. The prescriber must work to counter this perception by acknowledging the problem and by bolstering existing strategies or introducing and developing, along with the patient, new strategies for maintaining wellness.
Deprescribing prompts an excellent opportunity for an individual to expand supports and wellness strategies. This chapter discusses those strategies initiated by the person in order to maintain wellness and manage any symptoms that emerge during the process. These include using a preplanning tool such as a Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) or others to develop and articulate needed supports and preferences in case of crisis. Exercise, family support, and finding meaning and purpose are also discussed in this chapter.
Deprescribing Mood Stabilizers
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews the literature on lithium withdrawal and provides strategies on how to reduce the risk of relapse through such measures as slow tapers. Combinations of mood stabilizers such as lithium, divalproex, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine are used frequently and recommended even with the approval of several second-generation antipsychotic medications as mood stabilizers. As patients grow older, the potential nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of these medications can become a significant consideration. The question of misdiagnosis of mood instability and off-label use occurring in personality disorders and substance abuse is also addressed. Psychotherapeutic interventions such as psychoeducation, family therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy that support the treatment of bipolar disorder are described as a part of the deprescribing process and illustrated by case examples.
Deprescribing Benzodiazepines, Z-Drugs, and Stimulants
Authors: Gupta Swapnil , Miller Rebecca , Cahill John D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the considerations particular to deprescribing benzodiazepines and stimulant medications. Included are considerations around deprescribing those medications that a patient may be invested in taking either because the medications provide immediate relief or because they can improve occupational functioning in the short-term. Addiction and problem use (due to rewarding effects) of psychotropic medications are beyond the scope of this book and are amply addressed elsewhere. Addressed are psychoeducation needs, the acknowledgment of how much relief the medications bring, and the recognition of how severe and prolonged withdrawal symptoms can be. Accounts from patients experiencing prolonged withdrawal are included as well as suggestions around tapering speed and flexibility adapted to the patient’s response and supported by other measures such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety, CBT for insomnia, and connection with support groups.
Migration trends and dietary patterns in Sub-Saharan African adult immigrants: A comparative analysis of populations in France, the UK, and the USA
Authors: Ngoubene-Atioky Arlette J. , Case John , Tokplo Laetitia , Baur Christine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sub-Saharan African (SSA) communities are part of a diverse and evolving African diaspora dispersed all over the world. Few studies have examined changes in eating habits of SSA communities who migrated in Western regions of the world. A critical review was conducted on the migration trends, dietary patterns, and dietary acculturation of SSA immigrants residing in the USA, the UK, and France. A comparative analysis revealed historical and contemporary influences of migration trends, the salience and significance of preserving traditional African diet post-migration, and the leading factors to and consequences of dietary acculturation. Limitations and recommendations for research and practice are described.
Relativistic polytrope from the collimation and acceleration profiles of the M87 jet at subparsec scales and thermodynamic evidence for the Blandford–Znajek mechanism
Authors: Sob’yanin (Денис Николаевич Собьянин) Denis Nikolaevich 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Recent Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the relativistic jet in the M87 radio galaxy at 43 GHz show gradual relativistic acceleration of the plasma and suggest a linear dependence of Lorentz factor on jet radius at scales up to 8 marcsec (0.65 pc) from the core (2.5 marcsec in projection). General analysis of integrals of motion being unaltered along the jet and reflecting fundamental conservation laws shows that the above dependence implies a polytropic equation of state with index 4/3. The inferred value of the polytropic index appears independent of the exact nature of forces sustaining the transverse balance of the jet and indicates exact conservation of the longitudinal electric current and hence the existence of a stable internal electromagnetic structure at the scales under consideration. At this index the flow is hot and corresponds to relativistic thermodynamic motion of particles. Considerable weakening of the acceleration efficiency after 8 marcsec with the jet form being unchanged can be related to the plasma cooling, when the polytropic index becomes 5/3. Such a sharp change in the index without intermediate delay at 1.44 during cooling favours the existence of an electron–positron plasma and requires at least partial participation of the Blandford–Znajek mechanism in the launching of the M87 jet.
Hot, dense He iioutflows during the 2017 outburst of the X-ray transientSwift J1357.2−0933
Authors: Charles Phil , Matthews James H , Buckley David A H , Gandhi Poshak , Kotze Enrico , Paice John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTime-resolved SALT spectra of the short-period, dipping X-ray transient, Swift J1357.2−0933, during its 2017 outburst has revealed broad Balmer and He ii λ4686 absorption features, blueshifted by ∼600 km s−1. Remarkably these features are also variable on the ∼500 s dipping period, indicating their likely association with structure in the inner accretion disc. We interpret this as arising in a dense, hot (≳30 000 K) outflowing wind seen at very high inclination, and draw comparisons with other accretion disc corona sources. We argue against previous distance estimates of 1.5 kpc and favour a value ≳6 kpc, implying an X-ray luminosity LX ≳ 4 × 1036 erg s−1. Hence it is not a very faint X-ray transient. Our preliminary 1D Monte Carlo radiative transfer and photoionization calculations support this interpretation, as they imply a high intrinsic LX, a column density NH ≳ 1024 cm−2, and a low covering factor for the wind. Our study shows that Swift J1357.2−0933 is truly remarkable amongst the cohort of luminous, Galactic X-ray binaries, showing the first example of He  ii λ4686 absorption, the first (and only) variable dip period and is possibly the first black hole ‘accretion disc corona’ candidate.
Structure and DNA damage-dependent derepression mechanism for the XRE family member DG-DdrO
Authors: Lu Huizhi , Wang Liangyan , Li Shengjie , Pan Chaoming , Cheng Kaiying , Luo Yuxia , Xu Hong , Tian Bing , Zhao Ye , Hua Yuejin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
DdrO is an XRE family transcription repressor that, in coordination with the metalloprotease PprI, is critical in the DNA damage response of Deinococcus species. Here, we report the crystal structure of Deinococcus geothermalis DdrO. Biochemical and structural studies revealed the conserved recognizing α-helix and extended dimeric interaction of the DdrO protein, which are essential for promoter DNA binding. Two conserved oppositely charged residues in the HTH motif of XRE family proteins form salt bridge interactions that are essential for promoter DNA binding. Notably, the C-terminal domain is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions of leucine/isoleucine-rich helices, which is critical for DdrO dimerization. Our findings suggest that DdrO is a novel XRE family transcriptional regulator that forms a distinctive dimer. The structure also provides insight into the mechanism of DdrO-PprI-mediated DNA damage response in Deinococcus.
Alexithymia Predicts Carotid Atherosclerosis, Vascular Events, and All-Cause Mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients: An Italian Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vadini Francesco , Sozio Federica , Madeddu Giordano , De Socio Giuseppe , Maggi Paolo , Nunnari Giuseppe , Vichi Francesca , Di Stefano Paola , Tracanna Elisa , Polilli Ennio , Sciacca Antonina , Zizi Bernardetta , Lai Vincenzo , Bartolozzi Claudio , Flacco Maria Elena , Bonfanti Paolo , Santilli Francesca , Manzoli Lamberto , Parruti Giustino 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychological factors (PFs) are known predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in many clinical settings, but data are lacking for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We carried out a prospective study to evaluate (1) psychological predictors of preclinical and clinical vascular disease and (2) all-cause mortality (ACM) in HIV patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data to evaluate the predictors of carotid plaques (CPs) and a prospective analysis to explore predictors of vascular events (VEs) and ACM over 10 years. Human immunodeficiency virus patients monitored at the Infectious Disease Units of 6 Italian regions were consecutively enrolled. Traditional CVD risk factors, PFs (depressive symptoms, alexithymia, distress personality), and CPs were investigated. Vascular events and ACM after enrollment were censored at March 2018.ResultsA multicenter cohort of 712 HIV-positive patients (75.3% males, aged 46.1 ± 10.1 years) was recruited. One hundred seventy-five (31.6%) patients had CPs at baseline. At the cross-sectional analysis, alexithymia was independently associated with CPs (odds ratio, 4.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–8.50; P &lt; .001), after adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables. After an average follow-up of 4.4 ± 2.4 years, 54 (7.6%) patients developed a VE, whereas 41 (5.68%) died. Age, current smoking, hypertension, and alexithymia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.66; 95% CI, 1.80–7.44; P &lt; .001) were independent predictors of VE. Likewise, alexithymia was an independent predictor of ACM (HR, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.65–9.0; P = .002), regardless of other clinical predictors.ConclusionsThe present results validate our previous monocentric finding. Alexithymia may be an additional tool for the multifactorial assessment of cardiovascular risk in HIV.
Estimating the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections in the United States Using Antibiotic Prescription Data
Authors: Clancy Cornelius J , Potoski Brian A , Buehrle Deanna , Nguyen M Hong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Polymyxins (colistin, polymyxin B) have been first-line antibiotics against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections. New anti-CRE antibiotics (ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, plazomicin) improve outcomes in CRE-infected patients and reduce toxicity compared with polymyxins. It is unclear how widely polymyxins and newer agents are used to treat CRE infections.

Methods
We conducted an online survey of US hospital-based pharmacists to determine antibiotic positioning against CRE infections. Numbers of all infections and CRE infections treated with different antibiotics in the United States were determined using IQVIA prescription data and Driving Re-investment in Research and Development and Responsible Antibiotic Use (DRIVE-AB) estimates of CRE infections.

Results
Ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, or plazomicin were positioned as first-line agents against CRE pneumonia, bacteremia, intra-abdominal infections, and urinary tract infections at 87%, 90%, 83%, and 56% of surveyed US hospitals, respectively. From February 2018 to January 2019, an estimated 9437 and 7941 CRE infections were treated with an intravenous polymyxin or new agent, respectively; these figures represented ~28% (range, 19%–50%) and ~23% (range, 16%–42%) of CRE infections in the United States. Use of ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, or plazomicin exceeded that of intravenous polymyxins against CRE infections as of December 2018. Currently, the new drugs are estimated to treat 35% (23% to 62%) of CRE infections in which they were expected to be first-line agents.

Conclusions
New anti-CRE agents recently surpassed intravenous polymyxins as treatment for CRE infections, but use is less than expected from their positioning at US hospitals. Research on behavioral and economic factors that impact use of new antibiotics is needed, as are financial “pull” incentives that promote an economically viable marketplace.
Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Ibrutinib-Exposed Patients
Authors: Protin Caroline , Abravanel Florence , Alric Laurent , Tavitian Suzanne , Obéric Lucie , Izopet Jacques , Martin-Blondel Guillaume , Ysebaert Loic 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ibrutinib is an oral first-in-class Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the therapy of various B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Among ibrutinib-related infections, viral hepatitis are poorly described. We report our single-center experience with 4 cases of chronic hepatitis E virus infection and their management with ribavirin.
Endothelial and Autonomic Functions in Patients with Migraine
Authors: Dogru Mehmet Tolga , Dilekoz Ergin , Alpua Murat , Eroglu Oguz , Kandemir Hüseyin , Alp Caglar , Bolay Hayrunnisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
It has been shown that patients with migraine have endothelial dysfunction. Migraine patients with aura, especially, have more clinical manifestations of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate the endothelial and autonomic functions in migraine patients during both migraine headache attack and headache-free periods.

Design
This was a cross-sectional, randomized study.

Subjects and Methods
A total of 130 participants (67 male and 63 female patients, minimum age = 19 years, maximum age = 71 years, mean age = 38.8 ± 12.2 years) were enrolled into the study. For the statistical evaluation of data, we classified the participants of the study as follows: group 1: headache (+) aura (+); group 2: headache (+) aura (−); group 3: headache (−) aura (+); group 4: headache (−) aura (−). Noninvasive evaluation of endothelial function was performed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and pulse wave analysis methods. Heart rate variability measurements were used for noninvasive evaluation of autonomic functions.

Results
Group 1 had a higher FMD ratio than the control group, group 3, or group 4 (P &lt; 0.001, P &lt; 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Group 4 had lower FMD ratio levels than the other migraine groups and or the control group (P &lt; 0.001). Group 3 had the highest high-frequency (HF) power levels among all migraine groups (P &lt; 0.001). Group 2 had higher low-frequency/HF ratio values than other migraineurs (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
We concluded that endothelial dysfunction and headache are closely related. Additionally, higher parasympathetic tonus might be associated with the presence of aura.
The effects of prebiotics on growth performance and in vitro immune biomarkers in weaned pigs1
Authors: San Andres Joice V , Mastromano Gabriel A , Li Yanshuo , Tran Huyen , Bundy Justin W , Miller Phillip S , Burkey Thomas E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of prebiotics in nursery pigs on growth performance and immune biomarkers. Sixty-four weaned pigs (31 ± 1 d; BW 8 ± 0.1 kg) of mixed gender were housed (4 pigs/pen) in an environmentally controlled nursery with ad libitum access to feed and water over a 35-d study. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: control (53% corn, 32% SBM, 7% fishmeal, 8% others), control + 2.5% GroBiotic-S (GS), control + 0.05% chicory (CL), or control + 0.5% chicory (CH). Feeders and pigs were weighed weekly. On day 21, blood samples were obtained from three pigs/treatment for collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Isolated PBMC were cultured and subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng/mL). Cell culture supernatants were collected for quantification of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-10, respectively. Dietary treatment had no effect on BW. At days 28 to 35, pigs fed GS (790 ± 15 g), CL (704 ± 15 g), or CH (692 ± 15 g) had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared with control (643 ± 15 g) pigs. In addition, overall (days 0–35), pigs fed GS (823 ± 18 g), CL (783 ± 18 g), or CH (782 ± 18 g) had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI compared with control, and ADFI for GS-fed pigs was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than either CL or CH. There was no difference in G:F among treatments. In vitro LPS challenge increased (P &lt; 0.05) IL-8 secretion from PBMC isolated from CL (23,731 ± 3,221 pg/mL) pigs compared with control (10,061 ± 3,221 pg/mL) and CH (12,411 ± 3,221 pg/mL) pigs. Secretion of IL-10 from PBMC isolated from CL (63 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs was greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with control (22 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs and tended (P &lt; 0.1) to be greater compared with CH (34 ± 9 pg/mL) pigs. Results indicate that inclusion of prebiotics in nursery pig diets has positive effects on growth performance and may have immunomodulatory effects (in vitro) on cells isolated from prebiotic-fed pigs.