bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Palliative Consultation for Children During a Fatal Illness
Authors: Rossfeld Zachary M. , Miller Rebecca , Fosselman David D. , Ketner Adam R. , Tumin Dmitry , Tobias Joseph D. , Humphrey Lisa 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends palliative care for children at the diagnosis of serious illness. Yet few children who die receive specialty palliative care consultation, and when it is provided, palliative care consultation tends to occur after &gt;75% of the time from diagnosis until death. Focusing on the timing of palliative consultation in relation to the date of diagnosis, we evaluated factors predicting earlier receipt of pediatric palliative care in a cohort of decedents.

METHODS:
We retrospectively identified patients diagnosed with a life-limiting disease who died at our hospital in 2015–2017 after at least 1 inpatient palliative medicine consultation. Our primary outcome was time from palliative-qualifying diagnosis to earliest receipt of specialty palliative care. A survival analysis was used to describe factors associated with earlier receipt of palliative care.

RESULTS:
The analysis included 180 patients (median age at diagnosis &lt;1 month [interquartile range (IQR): 0–77]). The median time to first palliative consultation was 7 days after diagnosis (IQR: 2–63), compared with a median of 50 days between diagnosis and death (IQR: 7–210). On the multivariable analysis, palliative consultation occurred earlier for patients who had cardiovascular diagnoses, had private insurance, and were of African American race.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a cohort of decedents at our institution, palliative consultation occurred much earlier than has been previously reported. We also identify factors associated with delayed receipt of palliative care among children who are dying that reveal further opportunities to improve access to specialty palliative care.
Study of Delayed Antibiotic in Pediatric Febrile Immunocompromised Patients and Adverse Events
Authors: Fananapazir Nafeh , Dandoy Christopher , Byczkowski Terri , Lane Adam , Nagarajan Rajaram , Hariharan Selena 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients or patients receiving chemotherapy for oncologic diagnoses are at risk for sepsis. The association of time to antibiotics (TTA) with outcomes when adjusting for severity of illness has not been evaluated in the pediatric febrile immunocompromised (FI) population. We evaluated the association of TTA with adverse events in a cohort of FI patients presenting to our pediatric emergency department.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective review of consecutive FI patients presenting over a 6.5-year period. Adverse events were defined as intensive care admission within 72 hours of emergency department arrival, laboratory signs of acute kidney injury, inotropic support subsequent to antibiotics, and all-cause mortality within 30 days. Vital signs and interventions were used to define severity of illness. Adjusting for severity of illness at presentation, age, and timing of an institutional intervention designed to reduce TTA in FI patients, we analyzed the association of TTA with individual adverse events as well as with adverse events in aggregate.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 1489 patient encounters. In oncology patients, TTA was not associated with the aggregate measure of whether any adverse event subsequently occurred nor with other individual adverse events. For the BMT subpopulation, TTA &gt;60 minutes did show increased odds of intensive care admission within 72 hours as well as for aggregate adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although TTA &gt;60 minutes did show increased odds of aggregate adverse events in the small subgroup of BMT patients, overall TTA was not associated with adverse events in oncology patients as a whole.
Pediatric ICU Transfers Within 24 Hours of Admission From the Emergency Department: Rate of Transfer, Outcomes, and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Nadeau Nicole , Monuteaux Michael C. , Tripathi Jaya , Stack Anne M. , Perron Catherine , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:There is a paucity of data describing pediatric patients transferred to an ICU within 24 hours of hospital admission from the emergency department (ED).METHODS:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≤21 years old transferred from an inpatient floor to an ICU within 24 hours of ED disposition from 2007 to 2016 in a tertiary children’s hospital. Patients transferred to an ICU after planned operative procedures were excluded. Rate of transfer, clinical course, and baseline demographic and/or clinical characteristics of these patients are described.RESULTS:The study cohort consisted of 841 children, representing 1% of 82 397 non-ICU ED admissions over the 10-year period. Median age was 5.1 years, 43% had ≥1 complex chronic condition, and 47% were hospitalized within the previous year (27% in the ICU). The majority of transfers were for respiratory conditions (65%) and cardiovascular compromise (18%). Median time from hospitalization to ICU transfer was 9.1 hours (interquartile range 5.1–14.9 hours). Thirty-eight percent of transfers received 1 or more critical interventions within 72 hours of hospitalization, most commonly positive pressure ventilation (29%) and vasoactive infusion (9%). Median time to intervention from hospitalization was 13.6 hours (interquartile range 7.5–21.6 hours), 0.8% of children died within 72 hours of hospitalization, and 2.4% died overall.CONCLUSIONS:In this single pediatric academic center, 1% of hospitalized children were transferred to an ICU within 24 hours of ED disposition. One-third of patients received a critical intervention, and 2.4% died. Although most ED dispositions are appropriate, future efforts to identify patients at the highest risk of deterioration are warranted.
Visualizing Patterns in Pediatric and Adult Hospital Care
Authors: McManus Michael L. , França Urbano L. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to design a graphical tool for understanding and effectively communicating the complex differences between pediatric and adult hospital care systems.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We analyzed the most recent hospital administrative data sets for inpatient admission and emergency department visits from 7 US states (2014: Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, and New York; 2011: California). Probabilities of care completion (Pcc) were calculated for pediatric (&lt;18 years old) and adult conditions in all acute-care hospitals in each state. Using the Pcc, we constructed interactive heatmap visualizations for direct comparison of pediatric and adult hospital care systems.

RESULTS:
On average, across the 7 states, 70.6% of all hospitals had Pcc &gt;0.5 for more than half of all adult conditions, whereas &lt;14.9% of hospitals had Pcc &gt;0.1 for half of pediatric conditions. Visualizations revealed wide variation among states with clearly apparent institutional dependencies and condition-specific gaps (full interactive versions are available at https://goo.gl/5t8vAw).

CONCLUSIONS:
The functional disparities between pediatric and adult hospital care systems are substantial, and condition-specific differences should be considered in reimbursement strategies, disaster planning, network adequacy determinations, and public health planning.
Diabetes-Related Emotional Distress Over Time
Authors: Iturralde Esti , Rausch Joseph R. , Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Hood Korey K. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Many adolescents with type 1 diabetes experience diabetes-related distress (DRD; the negative emotional reactions specific to managing diabetes), but most research on DRD among adolescents relies on cross-sectional data. We assess adolescents’ longitudinal DRD patterns and predictors of chronic DRD.

METHODS:
This secondary analysis of data from a depression prevention clinical trial included 264 adolescents with type 1 diabetes randomly assigned to a resilience or education intervention (mean age: 15.7 ± 1.1 years; 59.8% female). Youth reported their DRD at 5 assessments over 16 months. Using latent class growth analysis, we classified adolescents into trajectory groups according to baseline starting point (intercept) and rate of change (slope) of DRD. We examined bivariate associations between trajectory group membership and demographic and clinical factors. Baseline predictors of chronic DRD were assessed via multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Participants were classified into 4 groups: stable high DRD (7.2%; high intercept, flat slope), stable moderate DRD (28.0%; above-average intercept, flat slope), improving DRD (33.7%; average intercept, downward slope), and low DRD (31.1%; below-average intercept, downward slope). Lower hemoglobin A1c, greater adherence, fewer socioemotional difficulties, and more adaptive coping distinguished the improving and low DRD trajectories. Chronic DRD patterns were associated with female sex and higher depressive symptoms and hemoglobin A1c.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study of adolescents’ DRD trajectories during and after a psychoeducational intervention, one-third of youth were classified as having chronic, elevated DRD. Links with multiple clinical factors support efforts for routine DRD screening and comprehensive interventions for distressed youth.
Uma abordagem analítica da interpolação polinomial em um ambiente computacional: uma experiência prática no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de matemática na Educação Técnica
Authors: Pontes Edel Alexandre Silva 
Published: May 2019

Diversas pesquisas são realizadas anualmente na Educação Matemática com o propósito de apresentar alternativas para o ensino de matemática em ambientes computacionais. A transformação tecnológica do mundo moderno proporcionou uma mudança metodológica na prática de ensinar e aprender matemática. Atualmente, o uso de tecnologias educacionais, em sala de aula, é requisito primordial para aproximar o aprendiz dos conteúdos de matemática Este trabalho objetivou apresentar o comportamento das funções polinomiais através de um conjunto de pontos, chamado Interpolação Polinomial, em um ambiente computacional. Uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada com 16 estudantes da Educação Técnica de uma Escola Pública Federal para comprovar que o grau de motivação e de interesse pela matemática aumentou com a utilização de um ambiente computacional. Espera-se que outros trabalhos dessa magnitude sejam desenvolvidos, no meio acadêmico, e que possamos minimizar as defasagens entre a teoria matemática e sua prática por intermédio de novas tecnologias.
Effects of carbonation on carbon dioxide capture and the mechanical properties of concrete with amine sorbents
Authors: Oa Seyeon , Kim Beom-Jun , Park Jae-Woo 
Published: May 2019

Carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and the mechanical strength of concrete with and without carbon-dioxide-philic (CDP) amine sorbents were assessed in this study. Cement pastes with three amine-based sorbents (5-amino-1 pentanol, piperazine and 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid) were hydrated for 28 d. They were then assessed for carbon dioxide uptake and compressive/bending strength. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was sequestrated into the concrete as simulated carbonation weathering occurred, and the carbon dioxide uptake was measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Carbon dioxide uptake increased when CDP amine sorbents were mixed into the concrete specimens, with 5-amino-1-pentanol and piperazine showing the best efficiency, with carbon dioxide uptakes of 2·44% and 2·24%, respectively. The compressive and bending strengths also increased with carbonation. The strengths of the concretes with CDP sorbents were higher than that of ordinary concrete due to the microstructural densification, indicating that urban carbon dioxide sequestration can be performed using concrete structures without damaging their structural strength.
Retailing of fruits and vegetables in Machakos County, Peri-urban area of Nairobi Metropolitan Region
Authors: Oluoko-Odingo Alice Atieno 
Published: May 2019

Retailers of fruits and vegetables contribute to urban and peri-urban food security. Neighbourhood, institutional, commercial and open-air markets are all used as channels for marketing. This is a descriptive analysis of market gardens in relation to retailing of fruits and vegetables. A number of crops are sold without any specialization, with the most popular crop selling at various distances. The Time and distance differential model as well as the Cardinal Crop Market Theory are discussed. The study confirms that the best-selling price is a major determinant in selecting the retail market.
Key words: Retailing, Fruits and Vegetables, Market garden, Time and Distance model, Cardinal
Legal rules to combat terrorism in Iraq
Authors: Ibrahim Zeyad Tareq 
Published: May 2019

The phenomenon of terrorism is the most important challenge facing successive Iraqi governments after the events of 2003, the impact of the problem has increased due focus of the media in various aspects of the problem as it has become a threat to all humanity, the Intellectual extremism and religious extremism are among the most important sources of violence and terrorism, so the intellectual terrorism is being exploited by militant groups which committed the worst crimes by its name and turned from small groups into militias possessing heavy and sophisticated weapons.
The Iraqi legislations related to the phenomenon of terrorism shows that Iraq has followed most of the national legislation of the countries around the world. So the Iraqi Constitution contained provisions prohibiting terrorism. and the Iraqi legislator also adopts the pro-Iraqi trend to issue a special and independent law, where the National Assembly issued the anti-terrorism law No. 13-2005). and followed by the legislator in Kurdistan of Iraq, where he issued a law against terrorism No.3- 2006.
Pé no freio ou no acelerador? Uma análise empírica dos efeitos da corrupção sobre o empreendedorismo
Authors: Baungarte Bruna Teixeira , Orellana Vivian dos Santos Queiroz , Fernandez Rodrigo Nobre , Menezes Gabrielito 
Published: May 2019

O empreendedorismo é um dos fatores que contribui para o crescimento econômico, e a corrupção é um fenômeno econômico global que pode gerar entraves ao desenvolvimento da atividade empreendedora. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se a corrupção é um entrave ou um acelerador do empreendedorismo. Para realizar tal meta, utilizam-se estimadores de dados em painel com efeito fixo para uma amostra de 49 países no período de 2010 a 2014. Com base nas estimativas, constatou-se que a corrupção afeta a atividade empreendedora já consolidada e que esse efeito é consistente apenas para países em desenvolvimento, o que vai ao encontro da hipótese “grease the wheels”.
Electric Submersible Pump ESP Vibration Characteristics Under Wear Conditions
Authors: Beck David , Nowitzki Wesley , Shrum Justin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Abrasive wear to electric submersible pumps (ESPs) and its effects on ESP system performance and failure are the result of a set of interrelated, complex phenomena. Existing literature is replete with theories of relationships and observed indications of relationships amongst wear mechanisms and between wear mechanisms and failure modes; these relationships between wear mechanisms and failure modes can be captured by a set of state diagrams called damage processes. Abrasive wear testing data compiled and analyzed in this work supports the existence of several of these proposed relationships and supports the simultaneous activation of several process that both compete to reach failure modes and reinforce each other to reach a single failure mode. Using test results from several sets of selected pumps, the interplay between pump performance degradation, dimensional changes, and relative vibration peak growth is used to identify which damage processes are active and indicate that, because of the nonlinear relationships amongst damage processes, abrasive wear impacts ESP systems in a nondeterministic fashion.
Accelerating the Shift to a Next-Generation ESP Deployment: Cable Deployed Through Tubing Electrical Submersible Pump TTESP Application
Authors: Zamanuri Kautsar , Yip Pui Mun , Radzuan Nurul Asyikin , Salleh Nurfarah Izwana , Ghonim Elsayed Ouda , Alexander Euan , Bakhtuly Daniyar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most Malaysian oil production is heavily reliant on gas lift. Aging assets experience declining lifting efficiencies due to depleting reservoir pressure and increase in water cut. This impact PETRONAS' capability to deliver national hydrocarbon production targets. New developments and further improvements to gas lift facilities are likely to erode the economic value of assets without even considering the potential time impact due to the complexity in delivering gas compression upgrades or gas import projects. PETRONAS' primary goal within Malaysia is to sustain production and maximize the remaining recoverable reserves. To realize this target it is widely acknowledged that the company must think differently. Alternatives to gas lift have been considered for rejuvenation of brownfield assets and development of marginal assets using a ‘fit for purpose' approach resulting in some relatively low Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)/Operating Expenditure (OPEX) solutions. One such method identified was Through Tubing Electrical Submersible Pumps - Cable Deployed (TTESP-CD). TTESP-CD technology is a game changer that can challenge the boundaries of traditional engineering with a truly rig-less deployment of an ESP system with full compliance to API/ISO requirements and demonstrating up to 70% cost savings over conventional offshore ESP installation methods. The TTESP-CD innovation helps in improving the asset value through gas prioritization, gas lift reallocation, flaring reduction and increase in lifting efficiency. TTESP-CD is also in line with the company digitalization concept due to the baseline data available from surface and downhole equipment.
This technology has been declared a success through pilot deployment in an offshore field within the Sarawak Basin with an incremental gain of 250BOPD, 0.3MMSTB in reserves acceleration and 22 months run life as of Feb 2019. This has been a key step for building confidence in the wider application of the technology. Lessons learnt and best practices from the pilot implementation have been applied to ongoing and future projects and serve as a good foundation for further development of the technology. To date, approximately 20 candidates for the TTESP-CD application have been identified for replication in Malaysia within the next 2 years across 3 regions. There are various challenges faced when implementing this technology on aging offshore assets that was never designed for ESPs which include; space availability for deployment equipment and surface electrical equipment, power availability and distribution, instrumentation, data transmission, structural integrity and operational mind set. PETRONAS sees a bright future for TTESP-CD application and technology which includes layer to layer matrix dump flood, interim production and well unloading/DST well unloading.
Reliability Analysis of High-Power and High-Flow-Rate Subsea ESP Systems in Jubarte
Authors: Vergara Luis , Bacellar Francisco , Neves Marcelo , Watson Arthur , Harris Grant 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The artificial lift system selected to produce the Jubarte Field uses high-power and high-flow-rate subsea electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems with gas lift as a contingency in case of the need for ESP replacement. The gas lift mandrels are installed in the production well completion. The ESP systems are rated for 1,500 hp at full load and were deployed inside caissons constructed on the seabed, located 210 m downstream of the main production wellhead. The integrated unit is called a pumping module or módulo de bombeio (MOBO) in Portuguese.
Industry perception of average ESP run time, high replacement costs associated with intervention of the subsea ESP systems, and the limited track record available for comparable systems at the time of field development required a comprehensive approach to improve on system reliability from the beginning. The use of advanced technologies to extend the traditional concept of industrial process control to the management of the MOBO systems allowed continuous monitoring of ESPs to maintain operation within the design envelope.
The development of a complete "ESP culture" became a key element connecting the different teams involved in the operation. This required new procedures to be developed, new monitoring and surveillance teams introduced, and, most of all, management of change practices introduced to avoid issues related to the rotation of personnel involved in the operation of the ESP and related systems. The synergies created allowed the provision of timely solutions to face the challenges across the complete production system.
The gap study conducted at the beginning of the Jubarte ESP development identified many barriers and conditions preventing increased system reliability and affecting economic viability of such a large-scale project. This paper builds on such analysis using the operational data gathered during the 8 years of ESP operation, shows improvement in mean time to failure during the period, presents typical failures encountered in equipment and processes, introduces the de-risking process followed to strengthen the system, and provides the reasons behind the enhancements made.
Explanation of the measures proposed to significantly improve the reliability of these 1500-hp subsea ESP systems and the reasoning behind the enhancements will facilitate future projects of a similar nature.
Very Low Frequency Acceptance Testing for an Electric Submersible Pump Cable
Authors: Beck David , Glasscock Terry , Bolliger Dominique 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Results from two years of validation testing in the Permian region indicate that replacement of direct current (DC) withstand testing procedures with very low frequency (VLF) withstand and tan-delta diagnostic methods promises to provide more accurate and more informative testing with less detrimental effect to cable integrity. The combination of VLF withstand and VLF tan-delta tests, which can both be conducted using the same equipment from HV TECHNOLOGIES, Inc., can provide a more accurate and less intrusive withstand test and a quantitative estimate of cable integrity and defect pattern. Four properties computed from tan-delta measurements, including tan-delta mean, tip-up, tan-delta deviation stability, and tan-delta skirt stability, are examined and upper and lower bounds for acceptance testing are developed for cable testing in the artificial lift industry. For tan-delta mean and tip-up, Korean Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) degradation classifications should be adopted to enable end-users to make informed risk assessments about cable reuse. In light of a lack of information on the practical significance of stability values, KEPCO criteria for stability should be adopted to identify highly degraded cables without overly pessimistic assessment of cable condition and subsequent needless rejection of good cables. It is feasible to further refine these testing criteria using multi-feature models based on cable run-life and to diagnose cable defect patterns using multi-feature models. Proven methods used in the power distribution industry should be adopted to create artificial lift specific testing criteria and cable run-life models using industry run-life data.