bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education modulates brain maintenance in presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Gazzina Stefano , Grassi Mario , Premi Enrico , Cosseddu Maura , Alberici Antonella , Archetti Silvana , Gasparotti Roberto , Van Swieten John , Galimberti Daniela , Sanchez-Valle Raquel , Laforce Robert Jr , Moreno Fermin , Synofzik Matthis , Graff Caroline , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Rowe James B , Vandenberghe Rik , Finger Elizabeth , Tagliavini Fabrizio , de Mendonça Alexandre , Santana Isabel , Butler Christopher R , Ducharme Simon , Gerhard Alex , Danek Adrian , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Frisoni Giovanni , Sorbi Sandro , Padovani Alessandro , Rohrer Jonathan D , Borroni Barbara 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveCognitively engaging lifestyles have been associated with reduced risk of conversion to dementia. Multiple mechanisms have been advocated, including increased brain volumes (ie, brain reserve) and reduced disease progression (ie, brain maintenance). In cross-sectional studies of presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), higher education has been related to increased grey matter volume. Here, we examine the effect of education on grey matter loss over time.MethodsTwo-hundred twenty-nine subjects at-risk of carrying a pathogenic mutation leading to FTD underwent longitudinal cognitive assessment and T1-weighted MRI at baseline and at 1 year follow-up. The first principal component score of the graph-Laplacian Principal Component Analysis on 112 grey matter region-of-interest volumes was used to summarise the grey matter volume (GMV). The effects of education on cognitive performances and GMV at baseline and on the change between 1 year follow-up and baseline (slope) were tested by Structural Equation Modelling.ResultsHighly educated at-risk subjects had better cognition and higher grey matter volume at baseline; moreover, higher educational attainment was associated with slower loss of grey matter over time in mutation carriers.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study demonstrates that even in presence of ongoing pathological processes, education may facilitate both brain reserve and brain maintenance in the presymptomatic phase of genetic FTD.
AMORPHOUS PbSe THIN FILM PRODUCED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION AT pH OF 5–8
Authors: KARİPER İ. A. 
Published: June 2019

Lead selenide (PbSe) thin films have been deposited on amorphous glass substrates at room temperature, using the simple chemical bath deposition technique. Lead sulfate and sodium selenosulfate were used as the source materials to obtain lead selenide films. Transmittance, absorption, optical bandgap and refractive index of the films were investigated via the UV–vis spectrum. Amorphous form was observed in the XRD pattern. The structural and optical properties of PbSe thin films produced at different pH were analyzed. SEM analysis was performed for analyzing the surface of the films. Some properties of the films were observed to vary with pH and these properties were investigated according to the change of pH, for pH values of 5–8. Optical bandgap varied with pH between 1.46[Formula: see text]eV and 1.75[Formula: see text]eV. Film thickness also changed with pH from 465[Formula: see text]nm to 1765[Formula: see text]nm.
The ETS Inhibitors YK-4-279 and TK-216 Are Novel Antilymphoma Agents
Authors: Spriano Filippo , Chung Elaine Yee Lin , Gaudio Eugenio , Tarantelli Chiara , Cascione Luciano , Napoli Sara , Jessen Katti , Carrassa Laura , Priebe Valdemar , Sartori Giulio , Graham Garrett , Selvanathan Saravana P. , Cavalli Andrea , Rinaldi Andrea , Kwee Ivo , Testoni Monica , Genini Davide , Ye B. Hilda , Zucca Emanuele , Stathis Anastasios , Lannutti Brian , Toretsky Jeffrey A. , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Transcription factors are commonly deregulated in cancer, and they have been widely considered as difficult to target due to their nonenzymatic mechanism of action. Altered expression levels of members of the ETS-transcription factors are often observed in many different tumors, including lymphomas. Here, we characterized two small molecules, YK-4-279 and its clinical derivative, TK-216, targeting ETS factors via blocking the protein–protein interaction with RNA helicases, for their antilymphoma activity.

Experimental Design:
The study included preclinical in vitro activity screening on a large panel of cell lines, both as single agent and in combination; validation experiments on in vivo models; and transcriptome and coimmunoprecipitation experiments.

Results:
YK-4-279 and TK-216 demonstrated an antitumor activity across several lymphoma cell lines, which we validated in vivo. We observed synergistic activity when YK-4-279 and TK-216 were combined with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax and with the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide. YK-4-279 and TK-216 interfere with protein interactions of ETS family members SPIB, in activated B-cell–like type diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and SPI1, in germinal center B-cell–type diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

Conclusions:
The ETS inhibitor YK-4-279 and its clinical derivative TK-216 represent a new class of agents with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in lymphomas. Although their detailed mechanism of action needs to be fully defined, in DLBCL they might act by targeting subtype-specific essential transcription factors.
Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes With a Novel Radiopaque Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold
Authors: Chevalier Bernard , Abizaid Alexandre , Carrié Didier , Frey Norbert , Lutz Matthias , Weber-Albers Joachim , Dudek Darius , Weng Shu-Chuan , Akodad Mariama , Anderson Jeffrey , Stone Gregg W. ,   on behalf of the FANTOM II Clinical Investigators
Published: June 2019

Background:
A novel bioresorbable scaffold, the sirolimus-eluting Fantom, incorporates a radiopaque polymer, struts with a thickness of 125 µm, and a crossing profile of 1.35 mm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 9-month angiographic and 12-month clinical outcomes of the FANTOM scaffold in a larger patient population.

Methods and Results:
The FANTOM II study (Safety & Performance Study of the Fantom Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold – First Report on Initial 24 Month Outcomes) was a prospective, multicenter trial which enrolled 240 patients with single de novo coronary stenosis with reference vessel diameter 2.5 to 3.5 mm diameter and lesion length ≤20 mm. Major adverse cardiac events through 12-month follow-up were assessed. Angiographic follow-up was performed in consecutive patient cohorts at 6 months (n=117) and 9 months (n=123). Acute delivery success, acute technical success, acute procedural success, and clinical procedural success rates as defined in the clinical protocol were 97.9% (235/240), 95.8% (230/240), 99.1% (228/230), and 99.6% (227/228), respectively. The mean in-stent late lumen loss at 6 months and 9 months were 0.25±0.40 mm and 0.33±0.36 mm, respectively, and in-segment binary restenosis occurred in 2.0% and 7.6% of patients, respectively. Major adverse cardiac events and target lesion failure through 12 months occurred in 4.2% of 240 patients; scaffold thrombosis developed in only one patient (0.4%).

Conclusions:
The Fantom sirolimus-eluting bioresorbable coronary scaffold demonstrated favorable safety and effectiveness performance at 12-month follow-up. Longer-term follow-up is ongoing to examine the late outcomes with this novel device.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02539966.
Antipsychotic Use Among 1144 Patients After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Paavola Juho T. , Väntti Nelli , Junkkari Antti , Huttunen Terhi J. , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael , Koivisto Timo , Kämäräinen Olli-Pekka , Lång Maarit , Meretoja Atte , Räikkönen Katri , Viinamäki Heimo , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Huttunen Jukka , Lindgren Antti E. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
At acute phase and neurointensive care, patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may become agitated or delirious. We found no previous studies on psychotic disorders or antipsychotic drug (APD) use by long-term aSAH survivors. We defined the APD use and its risk factors among 12-month survivors of aSAH in an Eastern Finnish population–based cohort with long-term follow-up.

Methods—
We analyzed APD use in 1144 consecutive patients with aSAH alive at 12 months of the Kuopio intracranial aneurysm patient and family database and their age, sex, and birth municipality matched controls (3:1; n=3432) from 1995 to 2013 and median follow-up of 9 years. Using the Finish nationwide health registries, we obtained drug purchase and hospital discharge data.

Results—
In total, 140 (12%) of the 1144 patients started APD use first time after aSAH (index date), in contrast to 145 (4%) of the 3432 matched population controls. The cumulative rate of starting APD was 6% at 1 year and 9% at 5 years, in contrast to 1% and 2% in the controls, respectively. The rates at 1 and 5 years were only 1% and 2% in the 489 patients with a good condition (modified Rankin Scale score, 0 or 1 at 12 months; no shunt, intracerebral hemorrhage, or intraventricular hemorrhage). Instead, the highest rate of APD use, 23% at 5 years was among the 192 patients shunted for hydrocephalus after aSAH. Eighty-eight (63%) of the 140 aSAH patients with APD use had also concomitant antidepressant or antiepileptic drug use.

Conclusions—
The 12-month survivors of aSAH were significantly more likely to be started on APD after aSAH than their matched population controls. These patients often used antidepressant and antiepileptic drugs concomitantly. The use of APDs strongly correlated with signs of brain injury after aSAH, with low use if no signs of significant brain injury were present.
Outcome Assessment by Central Adjudicators Versus Site Investigators in Stroke Trials
Authors: Godolphin Peter J. , Bath Philip M. , Algra Ale , Berge Eivind , Brown Martin M. , Chalmers John , Duley Lelia , Eliasziw Misha , Gregson John , Greving Jacoba P. , Hankey Graeme J. , Hosomi Naohisa , Johnston S. Claiborne , Patsko Emily , Ranta Annamarei , Sandset Per Morten , Serena Joaquín , Weimar Christian , Montgomery Alan A. , Knipp S.C. , Giugliano R.P. , Bonati L.H. , Nagai Y. , Matsumoto M. , Barnett H.J.M. , Fox A.J. , Farrant M. , Easton J.D. , Elm J.J. , Neal B. , Arima H. , Dávalos A. , Amarenco P. , Evans S. , Sprigg N. , Dineen R. , Eikelboom J.W. , Chen C. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
In randomized stroke trials, central adjudication of a trial’s primary outcome is regularly implemented. However, recent evidence questions the importance of central adjudication in randomized trials. The aim of this review was to compare outcomes assessed by central adjudicators with outcomes assessed by site investigators.

Methods—
We included randomized stroke trials where the primary outcome had undergone an assessment by site investigators and central adjudicators. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar for eligible studies. We extracted information about the adjudication process as well as the treatment effect for the primary outcome, assessed both by central adjudicators and by site investigators. We calculated the ratio of these treatment effects so that a ratio of these treatment effects >1 indicated that central adjudication resulted in a more beneficial treatment effect than assessment by the site investigator. A random-effects meta-analysis model was fitted to estimate a pooled effect.

Results—
Fifteen trials, comprising 69 560 participants, were included. The primary outcomes included were stroke (8/15, 53%), a composite event including stroke (6/15, 40%) and functional outcome after stroke measured on the modified Rankin Scale (1/15, 7%). The majority of site investigators were blind to treatment allocation (9/15, 60%). On average, there was no difference in treatment effect estimates based on data from central adjudicators and site investigators (pooled ratio of these treatment effects=1.02; 95% CI, [0.95–1.09]).

Conclusions—
We found no evidence that central adjudication of the primary outcome in stroke trials had any impact on trial conclusions. This suggests that potential advantages of central adjudication may not outweigh cost and time disadvantages in stroke studies if the primary purpose of adjudication is to ensure validity of trial findings.
Circulating Multiple Metals and Incident Stroke in Chinese Adults
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yuan Yu , Liu Yiyi , Yu Yanqiu , Jia Ningning , Zhou Lue , Wang Hao , Huang Suli , Zhang Yanwei , Yang Handong , Li Xiulou , Hu Frank B. , Liang Liming , Pan An , Zhang Xiaomin , He Meian , Cheng Jinquan , Wu Tangchun 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Circulating metals synchronously reflect multiple metal exposures from both natural and anthropogenic sources, which may be linked with the risk of stroke. However, there is a lack of prospective studies investigating the associations of multiple metal exposures with incident stroke.

Methods—
We performed a nested case-control study within the ongoing Dongfeng-Tongji cohort launched in 2008. A total of 1304 incident stroke cases (1035 ischemic strokes and 269 hemorrhagic strokes) were prospectively identified by December 31, 2016, and matched to incident identity sampled controls according to age (within 1 year), sex, and blood sampling date (within 1 month). We determined the concentrations of 24 plasma metals and assessed the associations of plasma multiple metal concentrations with incident stroke using conditional logistic regression and elastic net model.

Results—
The average follow-up was 6.1 years. After adjusting for established risk confounders, copper, molybdenum, and titanium were significantly associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke (odds ratios according to per interquartile range increase, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.13–1.46], 1.19 [95% CI, 1.05–1.35], and 1.30 [95% CI, 1.07–1.59]), whereas rubidium and selenium were associated with lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke (odds ratios according to per interquartile range increase, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.50–0.87] and 0.68 [95% CI, 0.51–0.91]). The predictive plasma metal scores based on multiple metal exposures were significantly associated with higher risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted odds ratios according to per interquartile range increase, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.20–1.56] and 1.53 [95% CI, 1.16–2.01]).

Conclusions—
Plasma copper, molybdenum, and titanium were associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke, whereas plasma rubidium and selenium were associated with lower risk of hemorrhagic stroke. These findings may have important public health implications given the ever-increasing burden of stroke worldwide.
Bayesian Assimilation of Multiscale Precipitation Data and Sparse Ground Gauge Observations in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Chen Jinsong , Yang Dawen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Estimating the spatial distribution of precipitation is important for understanding ecohydrological processes at catchment scales. However, this estimation is difficult in mountainous areas because ground-based observation stations are often sparsely located and do not represent the spatial variability of precipitation. In this study, we develop a Bayesian assimilation method based on data collected on the Tibetan Plateau from 1980 to 2014 to estimate monthly and daily precipitation. To accomplish this, point-scale ground meteorological observations are combined with large-scale precipitation data such as satellite observations or reanalysis data. First, we remove the terrain effects from ground observations by fitting the precipitation data as functions of elevation, and then we spatially interpolate the residuals to 5-km-resolution grids to obtain monthly and daily precipitation. Additionally, we use Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis data. Cross-validation methods are used to evaluate our method; the results show that our method not only captures the change in precipitation with terrain but also significantly reduces the associated uncertainty. The improvements are more evident in the main river source areas on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, where elevation changes dramatically, and in high-altitude areas, where the ground gauges are sparse compared with those in low-altitude areas. Our assimilation method is applicable to other regions and is particularly useful for mountainous watersheds where ground meteorological stations are sparse and precipitation is considerably influenced by terrain.
Moving Into the Loop: An Investigation of Drivers’ Steering Behavior in Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Alsaid Areen , Lee John D. , Price Morgan 
Published: June 2019

Objective This paper investigates driver engagement with vehicle automation and the transition to manual control in the context of a phenomenon that we have termed vicarious steering—drivers steering when the vehicle is under automated control. Background Automated vehicles introduce many challenges, including disengagement from the driving task and out-of-the-loop performance decrement. We examine drivers’ steering behavior when the automation is engaged, and steering input has no effect on the vehicle state. Such vicarious steering is a potential indicator of engagement for evaluating automated vehicles. Method A total of 32 female and 32 male drivers between 25 and 55 years of age participated in this experiment. A 2 × 2 between-subject design combined control algorithms and instructed responsibility. The control algorithms (lane centering and adaptive) were intended to convey the capability of the automation. The adaptive algorithm drifted across the lane center when latent hazards were present. The instructed levels of responsibility (driver primarily responsible and automation primarily responsible) were intended to replicate the admonitions of owners’ manuals. Results The adaptive algorithm increased vicarious steering ( p < .001), but instructed responsibility did not ( p = .67), and there was no interaction between the algorithm and the responsibility ( p = .75). Vicarious steering was associated with an increase in transitions to manual control and glances to the road but was negatively associated with driving performance immediately after the transition to manual control. Conclusion Vicarious steering is a promising indicator of driver engagement when the vehicle is under automated control and automation algorithms can promote engagement.
Minimally invasive subtalar arthrodesis for traumatic subtalar arthritis
Authors: Sun Lei , Kong Zhigang , Xu Ming 
Published: June 2019

Objective This study was performed to introduce a new method of minimally invasive subtalar arthrodesis (MISA) and assess its clinical effects on traumatic subtalar arthritis (TSA). Methods Fifteen patients (8 male and 7 female; age range, 36–56 years; mean age, 48.67 years) with TSA who underwent MISA were included. All patients were treated using a series instrument. The intraoperative and postoperative indexes were recorded. Results Among all patients, the mean operation time was 59.67 ± 16.31 minutes and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 43.33 ± 52.87 mL. Four patients underwent iliac crest bone graft surgery, and one patient developed a complication involving fat liquefaction of the iliac crest wound. The mean bony fusion time among all patients was 3.5 months. According to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society standard, an excellent outcome was obtained in eight patients and a good outcome was obtained in seven patients. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly different between patients who did and did not undergo iliac crest bone graft surgery. Conclusion MISA is a simple and effective method for the treatment of TSA.
Effect of thrombin injection on cerebral vascular in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Li Gang , Wang Qingsong , Lin Tingting , Liu Chengye 
Published: June 2019

Objective To evaluate the effect of thrombin (TM) injection via the cerebellomedullary cistern on cerebral vessels in rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the A1 group, physiological saline was injected via the cerebellomedullary cistern; in the A2 group, 3 U of TM was injected into the subarachnoid space; and in the A3 group, SAH models were established and 3 U of TM was injected with the first injection of whole blood. Three days later, basilar artery specimens were collected for pathological examination. Results The basilar arterial lumen cross-sectional area was significantly smaller in the A2 versus the A1 group, and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α average optical densities were significantly higher (all P < 0.05). Basilar arterial lumen cross-sectional areas were significantly smaller in the A3 than the A2 group and average TNF-α optical densities were significantly lower (both P < 0.05), while those of PAR-1 did not differ significantly. Conclusions There was no significant difference in the extent of cerebral vasospasm between SAH and non-SAH model groups following TM injection into the subarachnoid space, so TM was considered to be an independent factor affecting cerebral vasospasm.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty and excision of an intraperitoneal mass: a case report
Authors: Su Hao , Wu Shuiqing , Wang Yinhuai , Peng Shiqi 
Published: June 2019

Objective This case is reported to introduce an advanced surgical technique and share our experience with surgeons. Methods A 53-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Urology of The Second Xiangya Hospital with complaints of frequent urination and dysuria in June 2018. He had been diagnosed with genitourinary tuberculosis and left renal dysfunction at another hospital and had undergone left nephrectomy 6 months previously. At our institution, intravenous urography showed a normally functioning right solitary kidney. Computed tomography indicated a high-density mass in the abdominal cavity. At the patient’s request, robot-assisted laparoscopic augmentation ileocystoplasty and excision of the intraperitoneal mass was performed. Results The surgery was performed using a completely intracorporeal technique. The procedure was completed in 240 minutes, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 11. At the 2-month follow-up, ultrasound examination showed that the maximal bladder capacity had increased to 1000 mL. Intravenous urography revealed no urine leakage, and filling of the bladder was satisfactory. Conclusions With the development of robot-assisted surgery, robotic surgery can be successfully used for less frequently performed operations.
Comparison of HLA-B*27 subtypes between Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-ankylosing spondylitis carriers
Authors: Luo Fangjun , Zhao Zhigang , Zhang Jie , Leng Jianhang 
Published: June 2019

Objective To investigate the distribution of subtypes between HLA-B*27 (+) patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and carriers. Methods This case–control study recruited Chinese Han patients with HLA-B*27 (+) AS from six hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China between 2013 and 2018. Patients who were examined for HLA-B*27 because of back pain or arthralgia but who did not have AS or arthritis were recruited as controls. HLA-B*27 target DNA was amplified by amplification refractory mutation systems and HLA-B*27 subtypes were determined by sequencing. Results The positive rate of HLA-B*27 was significantly higher in the AS group than in the control group. In AS patients, HLA-B*2704 was predominant at 86.4%, followed by HLA-B*2705 at 12.6%; HLA-B*2704 and HLA-B*2705 were found in 70.0% and 10.0% of controls, respectively. HLA-B*2702 and HLA-B*2706 were detected at low frequencies in the control group, while the rare subtype HLA-B*2715 was only observed in two (1.0%) patients with AS. HLA-B*2707 was not detected in AS or control groups. Conclusion HLA-B*2704 is the predominant subtype among patients with AS and carriers in southeast China.