bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightly supervised alignment of subtitles on multi-genre broadcasts
Authors: Saz Oscar , Deena Salil , Doulaty Mortaza , Hasan Madina , Khaliq Bilal , Milner Rosanna , Ng Raymond W. M. , Olcoz Julia , Hain Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a system for performing alignment of subtitles to audio on multigenre broadcasts using a lightly supervised approach. Accurate alignment of subtitles plays a substantial role in the daily work of media companies and currently still requires large human effort. Here, a comprehensive approach to performing this task in an automated way using lightly supervised alignment is proposed. The paper explores the different alternatives to speech segmentation, lightly supervised speech recognition and alignment of text streams. The proposed system uses lightly supervised decoding to improve the alignment accuracy by performing language model adaptation using the target subtitles. The system thus built achieves the third best reported result in the alignment of broadcast subtitles in the Multi–Genre Broadcast (MGB) challenge, with an F1 score of 88.8%. This system is available for research and other non–commercial purposes through webASR, the University of Sheffield’s cloud–based speech technology web service. Taking as inputs an audio file and untimed subtitles, webASR can produce timed subtitles in multiple formats, including TTML, WebVTT and SRT.
Idiopathic Arterial Calcification: Experience from a Single Center in South India
Authors: Colaco Sylvia M. , Chidambarathanu Shanthi , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Murlidhar Lata , Jagadeesh Sujatha , Suresh Indrani , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: May 2018

Abstract Idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy is a rare autosomal recessive disease, characterized by deposition of calcium along the internal elastic membrane of arteries, accompanied by fibrous thickening of the intima which causes luminal narrowing. We hereby report a series of 20 cases seen over a period of 10 years. Nineteen cases were reported as idiopathic arterial calcification and one was reported as arterial calcification in a twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence. The sites of calcification were mainly aortic valve and root of aorta which was involved in 100% of cases followed by pulmonary artery up to its branches in 18 (90%) cases. There was recurrence in the subsequent pregnancies in three of the cases. Genetic association with ENPP1 was proved in one case. There was no survival in all the cases. Thus, the prognosis of idiopathic arterial calcification is very poor with very few long-term survivors.
Childhood physical maltreatment with physical injuries is associated with higher adult psychopathology symptoms
Authors: Lamela Diogo , Figueiredo Bárbara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:Previous research has neglected the distinction between childhood physical maltreatment (CPM) behaviors and the physical sequelae resulting from CPM. Prior empirical work has combined CPM behaviors (e.g., beat, hit with a belt) and CPM physical sequelae (e.g., bruises, fractures) into a single conceptual category to predict adverse psychological consequences in adults. This is preventing the examination whether specific subgroups of CPM exposure may report a higher risk of psychopathology symptoms in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether distinct experiences of CPM histories (no physical maltreatment, physical maltreatment only, and physical maltreatment with physical sequelae) would be differentially associated with specific psychopathology dimensions in adulthood. symptomsMethod:Data were drawn from the Portuguese National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect (N = 941). Participants completed the Childhood History Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory.Results:Three groups were created based on participants' experience of CPM assessed by the Childhood History Questionnaire. Participants who reported that suffered physical sequelae of the CPM exhibited significantly higher symptoms in all psychopathology dimensions than participants with no history of CPM and participants that were exposed to physical maltreatment without sequelae.Conclusions:These findings suggest that clinicians should discriminate CPM behavior from CPM physical sequelae in order to increase effectiveness of mental health treatment with adults with history of CPM. Our findings are discussed in light of the evolutionary-developmental frameworks of adaptative development and cumulative risk hypothesis.
Evaluation of the Combined Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Contractions on Thigh Muscle Strength, Knee Pain, and Physical Performance in Women at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rabe Kaitlin G. , Matsuse Hiroo , Jackson Anthony , Segal Neil A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability that is associated with quadriceps weakness. However, strengthening in people with or with risk factors for knee OA can be poorly tolerated.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a 12‐week low‐load exercise program, using a hybrid training system (HTS) that uses the combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional contractions, for improving thigh muscle strength, knee pain relief, and physical performance in women with or with risk factors for knee OA.DesignRandomized, single‐blinded, controlled trial.SettingExercise training laboratory.ParticipantsForty‐two women 44‐85 years old with risk factors for knee OA.InterventionsParticipants randomized to 12 weeks of biweekly low‐load resistance training with the HTS or on an isokinetic dynamometer (control).OutcomesMaximum isokinetic knee extensor torque. Secondary measures included maximum isokinetic knee flexor torque, knee pain (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), and timed 20‐m walk and chair stand tests.ResultsThe HTS and control treatments resulted in muscle strengthening, decreased knee pain, and improved physical performance. HTS group quadriceps and hamstring strength increased by 0.06 ± 0.04 Nm/kg (P > .05) and 0.05 ± 0.02 Nm/kg (P = .02), respectively. Control group quadriceps and hamstring strength increased by 0.03 ± 0.04 Nm/kg (P > .05) and 0.06 ± 0.02 Nm/kg (P = .009), respectively. Knee pain decreased by 11.9 ± 11.5 points (P < .001) for the HTS group and 14.1 ± 15.4 points (P = .001) for the control group. The 20‐m walk time decreased by 1.60 ± 2.04 seconds (P = .005) and 0.95 ± 1.2 seconds (P = .004), and chair stand time decreased by 4.8 ± 10.0 seconds (P > .05) and 1.9 ± 4.7 seconds (P > .05) in the HTS and control groups, respectively. These results did not differ statistically between the HTS and control groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest the HTS is effective for alleviating pain and improving physical performance in women with risk factors for knee OA. However, the HTS does not appear to be superior to low‐load resistance training for improving muscle strength, pain relief, or physical function.Clinical trial registration number: NCT02802878.Level of EvidenceI
Risk Factors for Thirty‐Day Readmissions After Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients With Vascular Disease
Authors: Vogel Todd R. , Smith Jamie B. , Kruse Robin L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding risk factors associated with readmission after lower extremity amputation may indicate targets for reducing readmission.ObjectiveTo evaluate factors associated with all‐cause 30‐day readmission after lower extremity amputation procedures.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingInpatient.PatientsA total of 2480 patients who had lower extremity amputations between 2008 and 2014 were selected from national electronic medical record database, Cerner Health Facts.MethodsUnivariate analysis of demographics, diagnoses, postoperative medications, and laboratory results were examined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify characteristics independently associated with readmission overall and by amputation location—above the knee (AKA) or below the knee (BKA).Main Outcome MeasurementReadmission within 30 days of discharge.ResultsMore than one half of patients (1403, 57%) underwent BKA and 1077 (43%) underwent AKA. Readmission within 30 days was 22% (24.1% BKA versus 19.4% AKA, P = .005). In multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with 30‐day readmission after any amputation included BKA (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15‐1.74, P = .001), hypertension (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.33‐2.16), surgical‐site infections (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02‐2.04), heart failure (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10‐1.75), discharge to a skilled nursing facility (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.41‐2.51), and emergency/urgent procedures (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04‐1.67). At readmission, 13.3% of patients with a BKA required an AKA revision, and 21.3% had a diagnosis of surgical‐site infection.ConclusionsRisk factors for readmission after any amputation included cardiac comorbidities, associated postoperative medications, and discharge to a skilled nursing facility. The finding that acute arterial embolism or thrombosis and a BKA during the index admission was highly associated with readmission, combined with the high rates of 30‐day conversion to an AKA when readmitted, suggests these patients more often develop stump complications or may be undertreated during the initial hospitalization.Level of EvidenceIII
Shear reversal in dense suspensions: the challenge to fabric evolution models from simulation data
Authors: Chacko Rahul N. , Mari Romain , Fielding Suzanne M. , Cates Michael E. 
Published: May 2018

Dense suspensions of hard particles are important as industrial or environmental materials (e.g. fresh concrete, food, paint or mud). To date, most constitutive models developed to describe them are, explicitly or effectively, ‘fabric evolution models’ based on: (i) a stress rule connecting the macroscopic stress to a second-rank microstructural fabric tensor $\unicode[STIX]{x1D64C}$; and (ii) a closed time-evolution equation for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D64C}$. In dense suspensions, most of the stress comes from short-ranged pairwise steric or lubrication interactions at near-contacts (suitably defined), so a natural choice for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D64C}$ is the deviatoric second moment of the distribution $P(\boldsymbol{p})$ of the near-contact orientations $\boldsymbol{p}$. Here we test directly whether a closed time-evolution equation for such a $\unicode[STIX]{x1D64C}$ can exist, for the case of inertialess non-Brownian hard spheres in a Newtonian solvent. We perform extensive numerical simulations accessing high levels of detail for the evolution of $P(\boldsymbol{p})$ under shear reversal, providing a stringent test for fabric evolution models. We consider a generic class of these models as defined by Hand (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 33–46) that assumes little as to the micromechanical behaviour of the suspension and is only constrained by frame indifference. Motivated by the smallness of microstructural anisotropies in the dense regime, we start with linear models in this class and successively consider those increasingly nonlinear in $\unicode[STIX]{x1D64C}$. Based on these results, we suggest that no closed fabric evolution model properly describes the dynamics of the fabric tensor under reversal. We attribute this to the fact that, while a second-rank tensor captures reasonably well the microstructure in steady flows, it gives a poor description during significant parts of the microstructural evolution following shear reversal. Specifically, the truncation of $P(\boldsymbol{p})$ at second spherical harmonic (or second-rank tensor) level describes ellipsoidal distributions of near-contact orientations, whereas on reversal we observe distributions that are markedly four-lobed; moreover, ${\dot{P}}(\boldsymbol{p})$ has oblique axes, not collinear with those of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D64C}$ in the shear plane. This structure probably precludes any adequate closure at second-rank level. Instead, our numerical data suggest that closures involving the coupled evolution of both a fabric tensor and a fourth-rank tensor might be reasonably accurate.
Establishing social cooperation: The role of hubs and community structure
Authors: COOPER BARRY , LEWIS-PYE ANDREW E. M. , LI ANGSHENG , PAN YICHENG , YONG XI 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrisoner's Dilemma (PD) games have become a well-established paradigm for studying the mechanisms by which cooperative behavior may evolve in societies consisting of selfish individuals. Recent research has focused on the effect of spatial and connectivity structure in promoting the emergence of cooperation in scenarios where individuals play games with their neighbors, using simple “memoryless” rules to decide their choice of strategy in repeated games. While heterogeneity and structural features such as clustering have been seen to lead to reasonable levels of cooperation in very restricted settings, no conditions on network structure have been established, which robustly ensure the emergence of cooperation in a manner that is not overly sensitive to parameters such as network size, average degree, or the initial proportion of cooperating individuals. Here, we consider a natural random network model, with parameters that allow us to vary the level of “community” structure in the network, as well as the number of high degree hub nodes. We investigate the effect of varying these structural features and show that, for appropriate choices of these parameters, cooperative behavior does now emerge in a truly robust fashion and to a previously unprecedented degree. The implication is that cooperation (as modelled here by PD games) can become the social norm in societal structures divided into smaller communities, and in which hub nodes provide the majority of inter-community connections.
The Future of Canadian Political Science: Boundary Transgressions, Gender and Anti-Oppression Frameworks
Authors: Nath Nisha , Tungohan Ethel , Gaucher Megan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn light of theCanadian Journal of Political Science(CJPS) self-reflexive “50thAnniversary” issue on the state of Canadian political science (CPS), this article maps the discipline's engagement with intersectional anti-oppression scholarship. Analyzing abstracts inCJPSand theCanadian Political Science Review,we argue while these journals—and mainstream CPS more generally—tackle questions of diversity, there remains a gap between conversations recognized in these particular forums and the incorporation of what we term an intersectional anti-oppression lens. In its deconstruction of systems of power and privilege, we explore analytic and pedagogical possibilities this lens presents for mainstream CPS.
Hausdorff dimension and uniform exponents in dimension two
Authors: BUGEAUD YANN , CHEUNG YITWAH , CHEVALLIER NICOLAS 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper we prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of (nondegenerate) singular two-dimensional vectors with uniform exponentμin (1/2, 1) is equal to 2(1 −μ) forμ⩾$\sqrt2/2$, whereas forμ&lt;$\sqrt2/2$it is greater than 2(1 −μ) and at most equal to (3 − 2μ)(1 − μ)/(1 −μ+μ2). We also establish that this dimension tends to 4/3 (which is the dimension of the set of singular two-dimensional vectors) whenμtends to 1/2. These results improve upon previous estimates of R. Baker, joint work of the first author with M. Laurent, and unpublished work of M. Laurent. Moreover, we prove a lower bound for the packing dimension, which appears to be strictly greater than the Hausdorff dimension for μ ⩾ 0.565. . . .
Habit strength and between-meal snacking in daily life: the moderating role of level of education
Authors: Wouters Saskia , Thewissen Viviane , Duif Mira , van Bree Rob JH , Lechner Lilian , Jacobs Nele 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveRecent research emphasizes the importance of habit in explaining patterns of energy intake and choices of consumption. However, the nature of the association between habit strength and snacking has not been explored for all types of between-meal snacks.DesignMultilevel linear techniques were used to: (i) examine the association between habit strength and moment-to-moment energy intake (kilocalories) from snacks in daily life; and (ii) determine whether gender, age, level of education and BMI moderate the association between habit strength and moment-to-moment energy intake from snacks. A smartphone application based on the experience sampling method was used to map momentary between-meal snack intake in the context of daily life. Demographics and habit strength were assessed with an online composite questionnaire.SettingThis research was performed in the Netherlands in the natural environment of participants’ daily life.SubjectsAdults (n 269) aged 20–50 years.ResultsHabit strength was significantly associated with moment-to-moment energy intake from between-meal snacks in daily life: the higher the strength of habit to snack between meals, the higher the amount of momentary energy intake from snacks. The association between habit strength and moment-to-moment energy intake from snacks was moderated by education level. Additional analyses showed that habit strength was significantly associated with moment-to-moment energy intake from between-meal snacks in the low to middle level of education group.ConclusionsIt is recommended to address habitual between-meal snacking in future interventions targeting low- to middle-educated individuals.
Refining and implementing the Food Assortment Scoring Tool (FAST) in food pantries
Authors: Caspi Caitlin E , Grannon Katherine Y , Wang Qi , Nanney Marilyn S , King Robert P 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveHunger relief agencies have a limited capacity to monitor the nutritional quality of their food. Validated measures of food environments, such as the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), are challenging to use due to their time intensity and requirement for precise nutrient information. A previous study used out-of-sample predictions to demonstrate that an alternative measure correlated well with the HEI-2010. The present study revised the Food Assortment Scoring Tool (FAST) to facilitate implementation and tested the tool’s performance in a real-world food pantry setting.DesignWe developed a FAST measure with thirteen scored categories and thirty-one sub-categories. FAST scores were generated by sorting and weighing foods in categories, multiplying each category’s weight share by a healthfulness parameter and summing the categories (range 0–100). FAST was implemented by recording all food products moved over five days. Researchers collected FAST and HEI-2010 scores for food availability and foods selected by clients, to calculate correlations.SettingFive food pantries in greater Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.SubjectsFood carts of sixty food pantry clients.ResultsThe thirteen-category FAST correlated well with the HEI-2010 in prediction models (r= 0·68). FAST scores averaged 61·5 for food products moved, 63·8 for availability and 62·5 for client carts. As implemented in the real world, FAST demonstrated good correlation with the HEI-2010 (r= 0·66).ConclusionsThe FAST is a flexible, valid tool to monitor the nutritional quality of food in pantries. Future studies are needed to test its use in monitoring improvements in food pantry nutritional quality over time.
Deep and Not Comprehensive? What the WTO Rules Permit for a UK–EU FTA
Authors: LYDGATE EMILY , WINTERS L. ALAN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWTO rules prohibit Free Trade Areas (FTAs) that provide tariff-free access or services liberalization in only one or a few sectors. In this sense, a narrow, sectoral approach to concluding an FTA between the EU and the UK would contravene WTO law. However, assuming the EU and the UK were able to agree a substantially broad tariff-free FTA, WTO rules would not prevent them from moving further to maintain the bulk of the benefits of the Customs Union and the Single Market in a few key sectors. They could establish customs union-like conditions by coordinating external tariffs in some sectors and agreeing on relaxed Rules of Origin (RoOs) administered lightly and Single Market-like access could be approximated through sectoral Mutual Recognition Agreements. Such an approach would enable continued deep integration, whose desirability has been signalled on both sides. It would fall short of current market access levels even in the selected sectors, and, in the case of tariff coordination, re-create some of the limits to an independent trade policy that Brexit aimed to remove. If the trade-off were deemed desirable, however, the approach could be reconciled with WTO rules including the ‘Most Favoured Nation’ requirement that equal treatment be awarded to all WTO Member States.
Researching children's perspectives in pediatric palliative care: A systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research
Authors: Ghirotto Luca , Busani Elena , Salvati Michela , Di Marco Valeria , Caldarelli Valeria , Artioli Giovanna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveQualitative research is pivotal in gaining understanding of individuals’ experiences in pediatric palliative care. In the past few decades, the number of qualitative studies on pediatric palliative care has increased slightly, as has interest in qualitative research in this area. Nonetheless, a limited number of such studies have included the first-person perspective of children. The aim of this article is to understand the contribution of previous qualitative research on pediatric palliative care that included the voices of children.MethodA systematic review of qualitative studies and a meta-summary were conducted. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and ERIC were searched without limitations on publication date or language. Eligible articles were qualitative research articles in which the participants were children ranging in age from 3 to 18 years.ResultWe retrieved 16 qualitative research articles reporting on 12 unique studies, and we selected two mixed-method articles. The meta-summary shows eight themes: the relationship with professional caregivers, pain and its management, “living beyond pain,” the relationship between pediatric patients and their families, children's view on their treatment and service provision, meanings children give to their end-of-life situation, consequences of clinical decisions, and the relationships among children in pediatric palliative care and their peers.Significance of resultsThis meta-summary presents the “state of the art” of pediatric palliative care qualitative research on children and highlights additional research areas that warrant qualitative study.
Backlash against international courts: explaining the forms and patterns of resistance to international courts
Authors: Madsen Mikael Rask , Cebulak Pola , Wiebusch Micha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper investigates and theorises different forms and patterns of resistance to international courts (ICs) and develops an analytical framework for explaining their variability. In order to make intelligible the resistance that many ICs are currently facing, the paper first unpacks the concept of resistance. It then introduces a key distinction between mere pushback from individual Member States or other actors, seeking to influence the future direction of a court's case-law, and actual backlash – a critique triggering significant institutional reform or even the dismantling of tribunals. On the basis on the proposed theoretical framework, the paper provides a roadmap for empirical studies of resistance to ICs, considering the key contextual factors necessary to take into account in such studies.