bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Postorthodontic Occlusal Force Distributions between Nonextraction and Extraction Treatment Approaches of Premolars for Orthodontic Treatment by Using T-Scan III System
Authors: Tansalarak Ratchawan , Khamnuengsitthi Nattapat , Pipatphatsakorn Mayurach 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective To compare bite force distributions in corresponding mouth regions between postorthodontic patients who underwent nonextraction and extraction approaches using the T-Scan III system (Tekscan, Inc, Massachusetts, United States).
Materials and Methods Thirty-six postorthodontic patients were divided into two groups: (1) 18 subjects with the nonextraction treatment and (2) 18 subjects with the extraction of four first-premolar treatments. The measurements were performed using the T-Scan to collect the occlusal bite force at the maximal intercuspal position to generate the bite force in the anterior region (incisors and canines) and posterior region (premolars and molars), the bite force in individual teeth, and the anteroposterior bite force ratio (A-P ratio).
Statistical Analysis The mean bite force in each region, individual teeth, and the A-P ratio were compared between the two groups by the Mann–Whitney's U-tests. Within-group comparisons of the mean bite force in each region were performed using Wilcoxon's signed rank tests.
Results The bite force in anterior and posterior regions, and the A-P ratio of the nonextraction group show no significant difference compared with the extraction group (p > 0.05). For individual teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, second premolars, first molars, and second molars), each tooth exhibited nonsignificantly different bite forces (p > 0.05) except for the second molars. The second molars in the nonextraction group had significantly less bite force than in the extraction group (p = 0.001). The comparison of occlusal bite force between the right and left sides showed that in the nonextraction group, the right side had significantly greater force (p < 0.05). In the extraction group, there was no significant difference between the sides (p > 0.05).
Conclusion Both nonextraction and extraction orthodontic treated patients exhibited the similar bite force distribution patterns in regions and individual teeth except for the higher occlusal force on the second molars in the extractions compared with the nonextractions.
Evaluation of Two Mini-implant Lengths in the Infrazygomatic Crest Region: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alsaeedi Abbas F. , Alrubayee Mehdi Abdul-hadi , Sivamurthy Gautham 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective  Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have revolutionized fixed orthodontic appliance treatment through anchorage controlling in the clinic and play an essential role in resolving many complex cases. Due to the limited space, there is a risk of injury to the roots while using interradicular microimplants. Therefore, the infrazygomatic crest (IZC) area can be an alternative mini-implant insertion site in the maxillary arch. The aim of the study was to evaluate the primary stability, pain perception, sinus penetration, late stability, and failure rate with two mini-implant lengths in the IZC area.
Materials and Methods Forty-eight mini-implants (Tusk Dental Co., Ltd., Canada) with two different lengths (length/diameter: 12/2 and 14/2 mm) were grouped by length (24 per group) and inserted bilaterally into the IZC area of 24 patients. The data were statistically analyzed, considering a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results Sinus penetration prevalence did not differ significantly between 12-mm (54.2%) and 14-mm (62.5%) mini-implants (p > 0.05). Primary stability was significantly higher with the 14-mm mini-implants (p < 0.05). The failure rate did not differ significantly between the 12-mm (20.8%) and 14-mm (16.7%) mini-implants (p > 0.05).
Conclusion While the failure rate was similar between 12- and 14-mm mini-implants, the 14-mm mini-implants were more likely to damage adjacent structures. Therefore, shorter mini-implants should be preferred over longer mini-implants for most cases requiring IZC TADs.
Trial Registration ID ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06293872.
Effect of Cryotherapy and Occlusal Reduction on Postoperative Endodontic Pain in Mandibular First Molars with Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis: A Prospective, Parallel, Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Almasoud Lana , Elsewify Tarek , Elemam Ranya , Eid Bassem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the intensity of postoperative pain following the final rinse using cold saline compared with room temperature saline and occlusal reduction.
Materials and Methods A prospective, parallel, double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 69 first mandibular molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and symptomatic apical periodontitis. Single-visit root canal treatment was performed; access cavity preparations and chemomechanical preparations were carried out using the ProTaper Gold rotary system under copious irrigation using 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA. The patients were divided into three groups (n = 23): control group: room temperature saline (25°C) final rinse without occlusal reduction; cryotherapy group: cold saline (2.5–4°C) final rinse without occlusal reduction; and occlusal reduction group: room temperature saline with occlusal reduction. Pain scores were recorded using the visual analog scale preoperatively and postoperatively via telephone at 6, 24, 48, 72 hours, and 7 days intervals. Age data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Pain score data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis' test followed by Dunn's post hoc test for intergroup comparisons and Friedman's test followed by Nemenyi's post hoc test for intragroup comparisons. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 within all tests.
Results Cryotherapy reduced postoperative pain compared with the control group with a statistically significant difference at 24 hours only (p = 0.016). At other intervals, no statistically significant difference in pain score was measured between all three groups (p > 0.05). After 7 days, all patients recorded a zero pain score.
Conclusion Cryotherapy was as effective as the occlusal reduction in reducing postoperative pain in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis, significantly more than the control group.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Calcium Hydroxide Combined with Ellagic Acid as Pulp Capping Material: In Vivo Study
Authors: Sari Annisa Fitria , Nirwana Intan , Yuliati Anita , Meizarini Asti , Rahayu Retno Pudji , Palupi Retno , Alexandra Michelle Fidelia , Nuraida Tarissa Balqis , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Shariff Khairul Anuar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives Pulp capping is a pivotal treatment in dentistry aimed at preserving pulp vitality. While calcium hydroxide has long been considered the gold standard in pulp capping materials, its long-term use can induce chronic inflammation, ultimately leading to pulp necrosis and affecting human health. In this context, ellagic acid, a natural compound with potent anti-inflammatory properties, emerged as a promising adjunct to mitigate inflammation associated with calcium hydroxide application, thereby sustaining pulp vitality. This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response by alterations in neutrophil, macrophage, lymphocyte, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression following the treatment with a combination of calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid.
Materials and Methods Dental pulp perforation was made on 27 male Wistar rats on the upper first molar and then pulp capped with calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid. The pulp of the control positive group was capped with calcium hydroxide, and the control group was not capped. The teeth were then extracted after 1, 3, and 7 days posttreatment. The differences in the number of neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and TNF-α expression were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test.
Results The treatment combination of calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid showed the lowest neutrophil number and TNF-α expression compared with the other groups (p < 0.05), while the macrophage and lymphocyte numbers were the highest compared with the other groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion The combination of calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid as a pulp capping material exhibited a dual effect on the inflammatory response in dental pulp. These findings suggest that calcium hydroxide and ellagic acid modulate the inflammatory response in a complex manner, promoting a more controlled and potentially beneficial healing process.
E-cadherin Single Nucleotide Variants Are Associated with Increasing Susceptibility to Periodontitis
Authors: Kazem Nadia M. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Cooper Paul R. , Milward Michael R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives To investigate the association of E-cadherin single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with periodontitis and the potential of these SNPs for identifying susceptibility to periodontitis.
Materials and Methods Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded followed by collecting venous blood for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify target segments of the E-cadherin gene. Determination of the genotype and allele frequencies was performed using Sanger sequencing. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism (version 9) using a statistically significant difference of p < 0.05.
Results A total of 207 participants were recruited into two groups of healthy controls (n = 105) and cases diagnosed with periodontitis stage 2 or 3, grade B or C (n = 102). Analyses indicated that the genotypes and alleles of rs3743674 and rs5030625 E-cadherin SNPs were significantly associated with periodontitis. Results from a binary regression model suggested that the presence of these SNPs may indicate susceptibility to periodontitis and increase the rate of progression. Linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that E-cadherin variants rs3743674 and rs5030625, and rs10272115 and rs16260 were correlated in a nonrandom manner (r
2 = 0.638 and 0.495, respectively).
Conclusion E-cadherin gene variants, rs3743674 and rs5030625, were associated with the periodontitis phenotype. These biomarkers may identify individuals susceptible to periodontitis and the rate of disease progression.
Pearls in the Pool: A Rare Case of Primary Mucinous Carcinoma of Eyelid
Authors: Khumanthem Sharjubala , Doddagowda Shilpa Manigatta , Kulkarni Sneha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrimary mucinous carcinoma of the eyelid is a low-grade neoplasm and a rare pathologic entity arising from the eccrine glands. We present here the case of 64-year-old man with a swelling in the eyelid, which was clinically diagnosed as a sebaceous cyst. However, histopathological examination later confirmed it as primary mucinous carcinoma.
Migration behaviors leaving metropolitan areas: assessing the impacts of health risks and teleworking in the COVID-19 context
Authors: Peng Xue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn increase in the number of people leaving metropolitan areas (MAs) was observed in various countries in the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic. While considerable attention has been paid to the impacts of health risks and teleworking, two prominent topics related to health-crisis-led migration, empirical evidence remains inadequate. This study aims to empirically investigate the impacts and temporal changes of these two factors on migration leaving MAs (LMA migration). It utilizes survey data from the Japanese government and employs fixed effects logit models. (1) By using infection rates in a more accurate measurement than previous studies, this study confirms the health-risk-aversion motives in LMA migration. (2) Teleworking’s influence on LMA migration is found to be insignificant over the long term. Nevertheless, it increases the likelihood of formal employees staying in MAs and strengthens the tendency of the self-employed to leave for local areas. (3) Temporally, the significant impact of lower COVID-19 infection rates attracting metropolitan residents persisted beyond the pandemic stringency and continued for several months afterward, though it eventually reversed. Teleworking shows a positive influence on LMA migration only in the later stage of COVID-19. These findings suggest a tendency of ‘deferred decisions’ in LMA migration due to people’s unfamiliarity with an unprecedented health crisis. However, the negative impact of infection risks emerges sooner than the significant effect of teleworking, indicating that safety is a pressing priority for LMA migration in the early stages of a major health crisis. (4) Self-employed individuals, homeworkers, and the unemployed are more likely to engage in LMA migration, while employees (whether formal or informal) are less likely, highlighting the role of opportunity costs. Policy implications suggest that local governments should focus on attracting the self-employed from MAs during health crises and on enhancing the teleworking environment for the long term.
Broadband metamaterial polarizers with high extinction ratio for high-precision terahertz spectroscopic polarimetry
Authors: Park H. , Park H. , Lee J. , Shim J. , Son H. , Park J. , Baek S. , Kim T.-T. 
Published: November 2024

The demand for precise polarizers is increasing to investigate the polarization characteristics of materials non-invasively in the terahertz region. Recently, to address the low extinction ratio and fragile nature of conventional wire-grid polarizers, plasmonic structures and metasurfaces have been proposed. However, the challenge of achieving low transmittance compared to a high extinction ratio, along with the bulky structure due to a thick substrate, remains to be addressed. Here, we present high-efficiency broadband metamaterial polarizers consisting of cross-aligned double-layers of subwavelength metallic slit arrays, leveraging the extraordinary optical transmission and funneling effects. We obtained extinction ratios exceeding 70 dB over a broad frequency range, from 0.2 to 2.5 THz, reaching a maximum extinction ratio of ∼90 dB at 0.7 THz. To investigate the influence of high extinction ratio polarizers on actual measurement results, we measured a non-Hermitian metasurface with asymmetric polarization conversion and analyzed them using the Jones matrix formalism. The results confirmed that the extinction ratio of the polarizer has a significant impact on precise polarization-dependent measurements, especially on cross-polarization measurements. The enhanced performance of our polarizers offers significant potential for sensitive THz systems, paving the way for advancements in polarization analysis of emerging materials and chiral sensing.
How CO2 gas accelerates water nucleation at low temperature
Authors: Feusi Stefan , Graber Felix , Khatri Jai , Li Chenxi , Signorell Ruth 
Published: November 2024

We conducted homogeneous nucleation experiments for dilute binary H2O–CO2 mixtures in Ar–N2 carrier gas with different CO2/H2O ratios at temperatures of 57 and 75 K and total pressures of ∼40 and 70 Pa, respectively. Direct experimental information on the number and type of molecules in the clusters and on the cluster number concentration is obtained by mass spectrometric detection of nucleating clusters that form in the uniform region of Laval expansions. Only homo-molecular water clusters are observed in the mass spectra. However, as the CO2/H2O ratio increases, a significant increase in the nucleation rate is observed. A simple kinetic model suggests that this acceleration of nucleation is due to the formation of short-lived, transient hetero-molecular H2O–CO2 dimers. Comparison with homogeneous binary nucleation of toluene–CO2 and unary nucleation of H2O shows that nucleation becomes more efficient in systems with stronger intermolecular interactions and a larger number of degrees of freedom. Such studies at the molecular level will improve our understanding of homogeneous nucleation mechanisms in atmospheric and industrial processes.
Rate coefficients for C and O2 reactive collisions relevant to interstellar clouds from QCT and machine learning
Authors: Huang Xia , Cheng Xin-Lu , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2024

The chemical reactions between certain interstellar molecules are exothermic in nature and barrierless in the entrance channel, allowing these reactions to occur rapidly even at low astronomical temperatures, e.g., C and O2 interaction. Obtaining detailed rovibrational transition parameters for the reaction between C and O2, such as state-selected rate coefficients, is crucial for studying the associated atmospheric and astronomical environments. Hence, this work presents an approach that combines quasi-classical trajectory calculations with machine learning techniques based on Neural Network (NN) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to determine state-selected rate coefficients. Employing this approach, we significantly reduced the computational requirements while simultaneously obtaining the accurate state-selected reaction cross sections and rate coefficients for the collision of C and O2. Both the NN-based and GPR-based models established in this work accurately predict the results calculated from explicit numerical calculations in the explored temperature range of 50–1500 K, achieving a coefficient of determination R2 &gt; 0.96. Most importantly, the current work provides the most comprehensive dataset of rovibrational rate coefficients of v = 0–4, j = 0–70 → v′ = 0–15 for the astrophysical modeling of the C–O2 collision system.
(Inter)subjectivity in Estonian registers
Authors: Metslang Helle , Habicht Külli , Hennoste Tiit , Laanesoo-Kalk Kirsi , Prillop Külli , Rääbis Andriela , Simmul Carl Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This issue focuses on a little-studied aspect of (inter)subjectivity (S/ IS) in language: the expression of S/ IS in
different registers. In the introduction, we overview the background and approach, describe the central registers in connection
with using S/ IS devices, and correlate the choice and frequency of S/ IS devices with the situative features of registers. The
introduction also includes a brief overview of the articles in the issue.
We have studied three groups of S/ IS devices: (1) pragmatic particles, (2) CTP markers based on complement-taking
predicates, and (3) modal verbs. Our central data comes from the Estonian Pragmatic Corpus. We look mainly at the expression of
S/ IS in seven registers, broadly divided into three groups: spoken, online, and printed texts.
The papers on the issue deal with the use and development of different particles in registers of Estonian and the
use of S/ IS differences between registers to develop metrics for distinguishing registers.
Downtoners and intensifiers in different registers
Authors: Hennoste Tiit , Prillop Külli , Habicht Külli , Metslang Helle , Laanesoo-Kalk Kirsi , Ogren David , Pärismaa Liina , Pärt Elen , Rumm Andra , Rääbis Andriela , Simmul Carl Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article analyzes the frequency of downtoners and intensifiers in seven Estonian registers based on data from
the Estonian Pragmatics Corpus. These particles are most common in instant messaging, followed by institutional interaction,
everyday conversation, online comments, printed fiction, media, and academic prose. The analysis revealed that previously offered
situational features that increase frequencies (orality, spontaneity, dialogicity, everydayness and involved production) correlate
only with frequencies of downtoners in comments, fiction and media. The frequency of downtoners in instant messaging is
significantly higher than in spoken dialogues, and the use of all particles in academic prose is significantly lower than
expected. We propose hypotheses to explain those anomalies. Ten especially frequent particles were identified: six downtoners and
four intensifiers. Those particles account for 15% of all downtoners/intensifiers and account for 76% of particle use, with their
proportion varying across registers from 87% in everyday conversation to 43% in academic prose.
Pragmatic particles as distinguishing features of registers
Authors: Prillop Külli , Hennoste Tiit , Metslang Helle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The study explores the potential of utilizing particle use data to differentiate between seven Estonian registers:
everyday conversation, institutional interaction, printed media (newspapers), prose fiction, academic prose, instant messaging,
and internet comments. The objective is to develop a simple yet effective model that enables researchers to comprehend the
internal logic behind register differentiation based on particle use. Particles are considered promising differentiators due to
their independence from text content.
The article outlines the chosen method, the model creation, and the testing process. A key finding reveals that
hierarchical relationships between particles within registers prove more reliable indicators than general use frequencies. The
method involves establishing correspondences between particle pairs and register pairs, facilitating the measurement of distances
between registers. During testing, the model demonstrates high accuracy across registers, encountering some difficulties in
categorizing fiction and institutional interaction. Overall, the study confirms the efficacy of the proposed method in
distinguishing registers based on particle use, underscoring the significance of particles in linguistic analysis.
L2 Korean learners’ pragmalinguistic features
Authors: Kim Lan , Yoon Sang-Seok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the pragmalinguistic features of Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) learners’ request
speech acts in power-asymmetrical situations, focusing on interactions with social superiors. Through a discourse completion test
(DCT), 31 KFL students and 12 Korean native speakers (KNS) were analyzed using a coding system which is developed based on the
Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) (Blum-Kulka et al. 1989).
Despite acquiring basic linguistic elements, KFL learners struggle to apply them effectively, particularly in nuanced social
contexts. The findings underscore the necessity of explicit instruction on the pragmalinguistic functions of grammatical forms to
bridge the gap between classroom learning and real-world language use. This study contributes valuable insights into the
intercultural pragmatics of KFL learners, addressing gaps in the literature regarding the detailed analysis of learners’ language
use in request speech acts, especially in situations involving social superiors. The pedagogical implications emphasize the need
for enhanced instruction in KFL pragmatics to cultivate learners’ pragmatic awareness.