bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langage, discours, parole
Authors: Guibal Francis 
Published: July 2018

Est-il possible de chercher un accord – sans concordisme – entre la rigueur du discours philosophique et la ferveur de la parole biblique ? Voilà qui suppose d’abord une raison qui abandonne ses prétentions magistrales pour se laisser ouvrir à l’écoute de ce qui la provoque et la relance. Mais cela exige également une herméneutique des Écritures qui n’y cherche pas un croire-savoir, mais la transmission historique d’expérience(s) dont l’envoi et l’élan sont toujours à reprendre en responsabilité sensée. Entre la discursivité des Dits (et dédits) raisonnables et l’inspiration du Dire prophétique, une relation respectueuse de l’altérité pourrait dès lors donner lieu à une intensification réciproque réveillant et aiguisant en chacune de ces deux orientations le meilleur et le plus légitime de sa visée signifiante.
Philosophes devant l’histoire
Authors: Valadier Paul 
Published: July 2018

La philosophie ne s’est pas toujours intéressée à l’histoire, entendue comme développement immanent de l’aventure humaine, finalisé vers un but atteignable par l’industrie des hommes. Un tel intérêt est désormais compromis devant le constat des désillusions engendrées par ces grandes épopées idéologiques. Dès lors faut-il s’incliner devant le fait que présentisme et fatalité dominent désormais pensée et action ? Et si oui, à quel prix ?
L’épreuve de la providence
Authors: Lecuit Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2018

La providence fut longtemps conçue comme la mise en œuvre infaillible d’un plan fixé de toute éternité. Ces dernières décennies, une nouvelle prise en compte de la toute-puissance de Dieu et de la liberté humaine a conduit au rejet de l’ancienne conception : la providence s’exerce dans une histoire ouverte, dont Dieu a pris le risque. L’évaluation des enjeux, des critères d’appréciation et de la pertinence de cette évolution se prolonge par l’exposé des éléments fondamentaux d’une théologie du Christ comme manifestation, bénéficiaire et fin de la providence et par l’examen de ses conséquences pour la prière de demande, l’abandon à la providence et notre participation à celle-ci par la charité.
Les appareils cinématographiques Lumière
Authors: Mannoni Laurent 
Published: July 2018

Malgré la littérature abondante publiée sur Auguste et Louis Lumière depuis le début du xxe siècle, aucune étude sérieuse n'a été consacrée jusqu'ici aux appareils cinématographiques produits par les deux frères. En attendant un travail plus étendu qui pourra permettre, on l'espère, d'éclaircir encore bien des mystères, cet inventaire chronologique des machines cinématographiques Lumière recense ici les prototypes et appareils fabriqués en série, avec leurs principales caractéristiques. Des deux premiers prototypes d'« appareil servant à l'obtention et à la vision des épreuves chronophotographiques » datant de fin 1894 et début 1895 au Cinématographe-type de décembre 1895, jusqu'aux appareils afférents comme la tireuse, le défileur Carpentier-Lumière, le Kinora, la caméra 50 mm puis 75 mm et aux appareils proposant le relief qui sont mis au point jusqu'au milieu des années 1930 mais ne seront jamais exploités.
La dimension attractionnelle de Life of an American Fireman réenvisagée à partir de quelques documents inédits
Authors: Forestier Laurent Le 
Published: July 2018

Life of an American Fireman (Edison-Porter, 1903) occupe une place particulière dans l'historiographie du cinéma en raison de la mise en œuvre précoce du montage qu'on a voulu voir en lui, avant que des recherches d'antécédents, en particulier du côté de la lanterne magique ne viennent ébranler ce statut. Toutefois la focalisation des débats autour du montage de ce film a pu contribuer à une forme de survalorisation de son héritage lanterniste aux dépens de ses liens avec le spectacle vivant, et en particulier les spectacles de pompiers. Cette « archive » se propose donc de revenir sur ce spectacle, et en particulier sur sa réception tant américaine que française, en émettant l'hypothèse que cette réception, pointant les aspects du spectacle qui font alors sensation, permet de mieux comprendre les attendus et les lectures liés à ces « shows », qu'ils soient théâtraux ou cinématographiques.
Type 1 IFN and PD-L1 Coordinate Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Expansion and Contraction during an Inflammatory Immune Response
Authors: Lucas Erin D. , Finlon Jeffrey M. , Burchill Matthew A. , McCarthy Mary K. , Morrison Thomas E. , Colpitts Tonya M. , Tamburini Beth A. Jirón 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Lymph node (LN) expansion during an immune response is a complex process that involves the relaxation of the fibroblastic network, germinal center formation, and lymphatic vessel growth. These processes require the stromal cell network of the LN to act deliberately to accommodate the influx of immune cells to the LN. The molecular drivers of these processes are not well understood. Therefore, we asked whether the immediate cytokines type 1 IFN produced during viral infection influence the lymphatic network of the LN in mice. We found that following an IFN-inducing stimulus such as viral infection or polyI:C, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is dynamically upregulated on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). We found that reception of type 1 IFN by LECs is important for the upregulation of PD-L1 of mouse and human LECs and the inhibition of LEC expansion in the LN. Expression of PD-L1 by LECs is also important for the regulation of LN expansion and contraction after an IFN-inducing stimulus. We demonstrate a direct role for both type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in inhibiting LEC division and in promoting LEC survival. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism for the coordination of type 1 IFN and PD-L1 in manipulating LEC expansion and survival during an inflammatory immune response.
Comparison of the amplitude of accommodation determined subjectively and objectively in South African university students
Authors: Mathebula Solani D. , Ntsoane Mologadi D. , Makgaba Nkalebetja T. , Landela Khensani L. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Historically, two clinical methods have been used for measuring the amplitude of accommodation, which are the push-up and minus lens methods. However, it has been documented that the push-up method overestimates amplitude of accommodation, while the minus lens method underestimates it.Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare subjective and objective procedures for determining the monocular amplitude of accommodation in young optometry students.Setting: The study was conducted in the optometry clinic at the university.Methods: Amplitude of accommodation was measured on 45 optometry students (17 males and 28 females, whose ages ranged from 21 to 27 years) using the push-up, push-down, minus lens, modified dynamic retinoscopy and Pascal dynamic retinoscopy methods. Data were collected by three different examiners in this study. One examiner measured all the subjective tests, while another examiner measured the modified dynamic retinoscopy. The third examiner measured the Pascal heterodynamic retinoscopy.Results: The highest amplitude of accommodation was obtained using the push-up method (10.23 ± 1.67 D), while the minus lens method gave the lowest subjective finding (8.43 ± 1.68 D). However, the subjective methods generally produced comparable results. Both retinoscopic methods showed the lowest mean amplitude of accommodation of approximately 6.50 ± 1.40 D. However, there was a high correlation between the various methods.Conclusion: The push-up and push-down methods overestimate the true amplitude of accommodation because of the relative magnification, while the minus lens method creates an abnormal viewing environment in which the target is stationary but the stimulus becomes increasingly minified. Subjective amplitude of accommodation is an inadequate measure to assess any true accommodation because it fails to differentiate between passive depth of focus and an active accommodative power change in the eye. Therefore, subjective measurement of the amplitude of accommodation may suggest that accommodation is present when it is not. Further research is needed to further validate dynamic retinoscopy as the optimal or best possible routine clinical method to assess the true amplitude of accommodation.
Factors impeding African immigrant entrepreneurs’ progression in selected small and medium enterprises: Evidence from a local municipality in South Africa
Authors: Ngota Bernard L. , Mang'unyi Eric E. , Rajkaran Sookdhev 
Published: July 2018

This study examines factors inhibiting African immigrant entrepreneurs’ small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs) growth in a municipality of South Africa. Understanding these factors is important to stakeholders as this is an area that plagues much of the immigrant entrepreneurship literature. The study is descriptive in nature, and data were sourced from active African immigrant entrepreneurs through a quantitative approach. Random sampling was used to identify a total of 75 businesses. The results indicated that access to credit from regulated financial institutions is a mirage and that Afrophobic attacks on businesses dwindles prospects of entrepreneurship, job and wealth creation, thus impacting on economic growth of the region. To help bring ‘long-lasting’ co-existence between immigrant entrepreneurs and natives, formulation and implementation of ‘liberal’ integrated public policy interventions and strategies are needed. This would help in having a positive impact on the region’s prosperity in terms of job creation, poverty reduction and economic growth, in turn improving the peoples’ well-being. Given the migratory patterns and greater human global mobility, debate on integrated approaches among or within government systems should never be obscure as it is one of the biggest challenges in the continent.
Edge correlation function of the 8-vertex model when $a + c = b + d$
Authors: Casse Jérôme 
Published: July 2018

This paper is devoted to the 8-vertex model and its edge correlation function. In some particular (integrable) cases, we find a closed form of the edge correlation function and we deduce also its asymptotics. In addition, we quantify influence of boundary conditions on this function.
To do this, we introduce a system of particles in interaction related to the 8-vertex model. This system, studied using various tools fromanalytic combinatorics, random walks and conics, permits to compute the correlation function. To study the influence of boundary conditions, we involve probabilistic cellular automata of order 2.
Combining airborne in situ and ground-based lidar measurements for attribution of aerosol layers
Authors: Nikandrova Anna , Tabakova Ksenia , Manninen Antti , Väänänen Riikka , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Kerminen Veli-Matti , O'Connor Ewan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Understanding the distribution of aerosol layers is important for determining long-range transport and aerosol radiative forcing. In this study we combine airborne in situ measurements of aerosol with data obtained by a ground-based high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) and radiosonde profiles to investigate the temporal and vertical variability of aerosol properties in the lower troposphere. The HSRL was deployed in Hyytiälä, southern Finland, from January to September 2014 as a part of the U.S. DOE ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) mobile facility during the BAECC (Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Cloud and Climate) Campaign. Two flight campaigns took place in April and August 2014 with instruments measuring the aerosol size distribution from 10 nm to 5 µm at altitudes up to 3800 m. Two case studies with several aerosol layers present were selected from the flight campaigns for further investigation: one clear-sky and one partly cloudy case. During the clear-sky case, turbulent mixing ensured small temporal and spatial variability in the measured aerosol size distribution in the boundary layer, whereas mixing was not as homogeneous in the boundary layer during the partly cloudy case. The elevated layers exhibited larger temporal and spatial variability in aerosol size distribution, indicating a lack of mixing. New particle formation was observed in the boundary layer during the clear-sky case, and nucleation mode particles were also seen in the elevated layers that were not mixing with the boundary layer. Interpreting local measurements of elevated layers in terms of long-range transport can be achieved using back trajectories from Lagrangian models, but care should be taken in selecting appropriate arrival heights, since the modelled and observed layer heights did not always coincide. We conclude that higher confidence in attributing elevated aerosol layers to their air mass origin is attained when back trajectories are combined with lidar and radiosonde profiles.
Reduction in 317–780 nm radiance reflected from the sunlit Earth during the eclipse of 21 August 2017
Authors: Herman Jay , Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Blank Karin , Huang Liang , Cede Alexander , Abuhassan Nader , Kowalewski Matthew 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Ten wavelength channels of calibrated radiance image data from
the sunlit Earth are obtained every 65 min during Northern Hemisphere
summer from the EPIC (Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera) instrument on the
DSCOVR (Deep Space Climate Observatory) satellite located near the Earth–Sun Lagrange 1
point (L1), about 1.5 million km from the Earth. The L1 location
permitted seven observations of the Moon's shadow on the Earth for about 3 h during the 21 August 2017 eclipse. Two of the observations were timed
to coincide with totality over Casper, Wyoming, and Columbia, Missouri. Since
the solar irradiances within five channels (λi=388, 443, 551,
680, and 780 nm) are not strongly absorbed in the atmosphere, they can be
used for characterizing the eclipse reduction in reflected radiances for the
Earth's sunlit face containing the eclipse shadow. Five channels (λi=317.5, 325, 340, 688, and 764 nm) that are partially absorbed in the
atmosphere give consistent reductions compared to the non-absorbed channels.
This indicates that cloud reflectivities dominate the 317.5–780 nm
radiances reflected back to space from the sunlit Earth's disk with a
significant contribution from Rayleigh scattering for the shorter
wavelengths. An estimated reduction of 10 % was obtained for spectrally
integrated radiance (387 to 781 nm) reflected from the sunlit Earth towards
L1 for two sets of observations on 21 August 2017, while the shadow was
in the vicinity of Casper, Wyoming (42.8666∘ N, 106.3131∘ W; centered on 17:44:50 UTC), and Columbia, Missouri (38.9517∘ N,
92.3341∘ W; centered on 18:14:50 UTC). In contrast, when
non-eclipse days (20 and 23 August) are compared for each wavelength
channel, the change in reflected light is much smaller (less than 1 % for
443 nm compared to 9 % (Casper) and 8 % (Columbia) during the eclipse).
Also measured was the ratio REN(λi) of reflected radiance on
adjacent non-eclipse days divided by radiances centered in the eclipse
totality region with the same geometry for all 10 wavelength channels. The
measured REN(443 nm) was smaller for Columbia (169) than for
Casper (935), because Columbia had more cloud cover than Casper.
REN(λi) forms a useful test of a 3-D radiative transfer models
for an eclipse in the presence of optically thin clouds. Specific values
measured at Casper with thin clouds are REN(340 nm) = 475,
REN(388 nm) = 3500, REN(443 nm) = 935, REN(551 nm) = 5455, REN(680 nm) = 220, and REN(780 nm) = 395. Some of the
variability is caused by changing cloud amounts within the moving region of
totality during the 2.7 min needed to measure all 10 wavelength channels.
Thermocline state change in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation
Authors: Jakob Kim Alix , Pross Jörg , Scholz Christian , Fiebig Jens , Friedrich Oliver 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The late Pliocene/early Pleistocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere
glaciation (iNHG) ∼2.5 million years ago (marine isotope stages,
MIS, 100–96) stands out as
an important tipping point in Earth's climate history, which strongly
influenced oceanographic and climatic patterns including trade wind and
upwelling strength in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP). The thermocline
depth in the EEP, in turn, plays a pivotal role in the Earth's climate
system: small changes in its depth associated with short-term climate
phenomena such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation can affect
surface-water properties and the ocean–atmosphere exchange. However,
thermocline dynamics in the EEP during the iNHG still remain unclear. While
numerous studies have suggested a link between a thermocline shoaling in the
EEP and Northern Hemisphere ice growth, other studies have indicated a stable
thermocline depth during the iNHG; consequently, a causal relationship
between thermocline dynamics and ice-sheet growth has been excluded. In light
of these contradictory views, we have generated geochemical (planktic
foraminiferal δ18O, δ13C and
Mg ∕ Ca), sedimentological (sand
accumulation rates) and faunal (abundance data of thermocline-dwelling
foraminifera) records for Ocean Drilling Program Site 849 located in the
central region of the EEP. Our records span the interval from ∼2.75 to
2.4 Ma (MIS G7–95), which is critical for understanding thermocline
dynamics during the final phase of the iNHG. Our new records document a
thermocline shoaling from ∼2.64 to 2.55 Ma (MIS G2–101) and a
relatively shallow thermocline from ∼2.55 Ma onwards (MIS 101–95).
This indicates a state change in thermocline depth at Site 849 shortly before
the final phase of the iNHG. Ultimately, our data support the hypothesis that
(sub-)tropical thermocline shoaling may have contributed to the development
of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
The NUIST Earth System Model (NESM) version 3: description and preliminary evaluation
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Bin , Yang Young-Min , Ma Libin , Li Juan , Sun Bo , Bao Yan , He Jie , Zhou Xiao , Wu Liguang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Earth System
Model version 3 (NESM v3) has been developed, aiming to provide a numerical
modeling platform for cross-disciplinary Earth system studies, project
future Earth climate and environment changes, and conduct
subseasonal-to-seasonal prediction. While the previous model version NESM v1
simulates the internal modes of climate variability well, it has no
vegetation dynamics and suffers considerable radiative energy imbalance at
the top of the atmosphere and surface, resulting in large biases in the
global mean surface air temperature, which limits its utility to simulate
past and project future climate changes. The NESM v3 has upgraded
atmospheric and land surface model components and improved physical
parameterization and conservation of coupling variables. Here we describe
the new version's basic features and how the major improvements were made.
We demonstrate the v3 model's fidelity and suitability to address global
climate variability and change issues. The 500-year preindustrial (PI)
experiment shows negligible trends in the net heat flux at the top of
atmosphere and the Earth surface. Consistently, the simulated global mean
surface air temperature, land surface temperature, and sea surface
temperature (SST) are all in a quasi-equilibrium state. The conservation of
global water is demonstrated by the stable evolution of the global mean
precipitation, sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea water salinity. The sea
ice extents (SIEs), as a major indication of high-latitude climate, also
maintain a balanced state. The simulated spatial patterns of the energy
states, SST, precipitation, and SSS fields are realistic, but the model suffers
from a cold bias in the North Atlantic, a warm bias in the Southern Ocean,
and associated deficient Antarctic sea ice area, as well as a delicate sign
of the double ITCZ syndrome. The estimated radiative forcing of quadrupling
carbon dioxide is about 7.24 W m−2, yielding a climate sensitivity
feedback parameter of −0.98 W m−2 K−1, and the equilibrium climate
sensitivity is 3.69 K. The transient climate response from the 1 % yr−1 CO2
(1pctCO2) increase experiment is 2.16 K. The model's performance on internal
modes and responses to external forcing during the historical period will be
documented in an accompanying paper.
Fiestas religiosas, vida social y excomunión en la ciudad de Santa Marta en el Siglo de las luces
Authors: Sinning Edgar Rey 
Published: July 2018

Este artículo está orientado a examinar el papel que las fiestas religiosas llegadas en el calendario festivo ibérico, impuestas desde la conquista y fortalecidas en el siglo XVIII, cumplieron en las tierras americanas, a través de los anuncios que realizaban las autoridades borbónicas por medio de las conocidas Fiestas de Tablas. En ellas se definían las fiestas que eran de obligada celebración y días de guardar. De igual manera, establece el comportamiento de los samarios con el cumplimiento de los deberes dado a su condición de católicos, apostólicos y romanos. Igualmente, se revisan las confrontaciones permanentes de las autoridades civiles y eclesiásticas por el control de la vida social y religiosa de los samarios, al punto, que como mecanismo de presión el Gobierno Eclesiástico utilizaba la excomunión para imponerse.
De Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets bij het verlies van het Nederlanderschap: drie gevallen nader toegelicht
Authors: Bex-Reimert V.M. , Karapetian G. , de Mik S.M. 
Published: July 2018

Sinds het befaamde arrest Rottmann van het Hof van Justitie dient een Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets te worden uitgevoerd indien intrekking van Nederlanderschap gepaard gaat met verlies van het Unieburgerschap.HvJ 2 maart 2010, zaak C-315/08, Janko Rottmann/Freistaat Bayern, ECLI:EU:C:2010:104. Deze bijdrage bespreekt de betekenis van deze toets in drie uiteenlopende gevallen, variërend van het uittreden van het Verenigd Koninkrijk uit de Europese Unie tot een verondersteld nationaal veiligheidsbelang. De vraag die zich voordoet, is hoe een Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets wordt uitgevoerd en wat de invloed is van de Unierechtelijke evenredigheidstoets op deze gevallen. Rijkswet van 10 februari, houdende wijziging van de Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap in verband met het intrekken van het Nederlanderschap in het belang van de nationale veiligheid, Stb 2017, 52; ABRvS 19 april 2017, ECLI:NL:RVS:2017:1098; Draft Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, 19 maart 2018, TF50 (2018) 35