bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willingness to donate eyes among outpatients attending Muhimbili National Hospital
Authors: F Mukamana , S Mosenene , J Kisimbi , AJ Sanyiwa , MM Mafwiri , C Mhina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Willingness to donate eyes and other organs in general is still unsatisfactory worldwide, specifically in low income countries including Sub-Saharan Africa where the awareness about eye and other organs donation is still low. Factors like religion may also affect people’s decision making in terms of organ donation. Therefore, it is difficult to have enough tissues for transplant and sustainable local eye banks.
The aim of the study was to assess willingness to donate eyes among outpatients attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania.
Methodology: A cross sectional hospital based study with quantitative and qualitative approaches was done from July to December 2017. Systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used for quantitative and qualitative parts respectively.
Results: A total of 434 participants were interviewed, 58.06% were female. Only 32.5% of all respondents, were aware that eyes can be donated, while 47.9% were willing to donate their eyes. The main reason for willingness was to help a blind person (64.25%), while the main reason for unwillingness was need of more information about eye donation (31.7%), followed by religious reasons (22.0%). Willingness to donate eyes was associated with prior awareness (p=0.0001), religion (p=0.010) and sex (p=0.049). Important themes emerged from the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were: Helping needy people, religion, death and respect of body.
Conclusion: Willingness to donate eyes was seen in nearly a half of the participants though awareness was low. Most of the participants had positive perception about eye donation services. Negative perception was associated with lack of information, religious beliefs and fear. Therefore, community education is important to raise awareness and willingness to donate eyes.
Wernicke’s encephalopathy in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis after cholecystectomy and exploration of biliary tract
Authors: Du Huihui , Lei Xiaohua , Liu Qiang , Xu Xundi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a disease classically associated with thiamine deficiency，and generally manifests with the triad of opthalmopathy, ataxia and confusion. Only about 20% of the cases can be defined from the relevant literature, with the rest unnoticed and thus unreported. Here, we would like to report a case of a patient with severe acute pancreatitis who suffered from Wernicke’s encephalopathy after cholecystectomy and exploratory of biliary tract.
Case presentation: A 37-year-old Chinese male patient diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis was admitted to our institute’s hospital for further treatment. The patient had a 25-days history of abdominal pain as well as 8-days emesis , and wasn’t addicted in alcohol consumption. He did not receive any regular physical examination or treatment. One months before cholecystectomy and exploratory of biliary tract，he was observed to have abdominal pain ,poor appetite, emesis and sclera icterus .He was referred to the local hospital, received supportive treatment, including antibiotics , parenteral nutrition and liver-protection drugs . However, he got worse after those treatment，so transferred from the local hospital to our hospital for further therapy. After operation he was admitted in general ward for further treatment. When his vital signs and laboratory examination came to stability. He recovered well with supportive treatments, including antibiotics, liver-protection, protecting gastric mucosa and so on. However, his oral intake was too low to support himself, and he was singly dependent on total parenteral nutrition without vitamin B1. On the 7th post-operative day, psychiatric and neurological disorders appeared without an obvious cause, symptoms including babbling, irritability, apathy, non-purposeful movements, and dystaxia. On the basic of his clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging scan results, Wernicke encephalopathy was eventually diagnosed.
Conclusions: Although extremely rare, this index patient highlights that Wernicke’s encephalopathy could be associated with severe acute pancreatitis. This is very helpful for the therapeutic implications and evaluating curative effect. Thiamine should be provided for patients who have a surgery of cholecystectomy and exploratory of biliary tract so as to prevent and cure Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Physical Activity In Renal Disease (PAIRED) and the effect on hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Radhakrishnan Jeyasundar , Graham MD Michelle , Thompson MD Stephanie , Wiebe MMath/PStat Natasha , Gyenes MD Gabor , Davies MSc Rachelle 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of hypertension among people with chronic kidney disease is high with over 60% of people not attaining recommended targets despite multiple medications. Given the health and economic implications of hypertension, additional strategies are needed. Exercise is an effective strategy for reducing blood pressure in the general population; however, it is not known whether exercise would have a comparable benefit in people with moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease and hypertension.
Methods: This is a parallel arm trial of adults with hypertension (systolic blood pressure greater than 130 mmHg) and an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 15-45 ml/min 1.73 m2. A total of 160 participants will be randomized, with stratification for estimated glomerular filtration rate, to a 24-week aerobic-based exercise intervention or enhanced usual care. The primary outcome is the difference in 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure after eight weeks of exercise training. Secondary outcomes at eight and 24 weeks include: other measurements of blood pressure, aortic stiffness (pulse wave velocity), change in the Defined Daily Dose of anti-hypertensives, medication adherence, markers of cardiovascular risk, physical fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise testing), seven day accelerometry, quality of life, and adverse events. The effect of exercise on renal function will be evaluated in an exploratory analysis. The intervention is a thrice-weekly moderate intensity aerobic exercise supplemented with isometric resistance exercise delivered in two phases. Phase 1: supervised, facility-based weekly and home-based sessions (eight weeks). Phase 2: home-based sessions (16 weeks).
Discussion: To our knowledge, this study is the first trial designed to provide a precise estimate of the effect of exercise on blood-pressure in people with moderate to severe CKD and hypertension. The findings from this study will address a significant knowledge gap in hypertension management in CKD and inform the design of a larger study on the effect of exercise on CKD progression.
Comparison of the postoperative analgesic effects of intrathecal Clonidine and Fentanyl as adjuvant: Mata Analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Kumie Fantahun Tarekegn , Hailekiros Amare , Eshetie Setegn 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl added to bupivacaine prolongs the postoperative analgesic effects for below umbilicus surgery. However, the overall effect of clonidine and fentanyl mixed with spinal anesthesia is not harmonized. Therefore, the aim of this Meta - analysis was to assess the post operative analgesic effects of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl for different randomized control trials of study.
Methods: Pubmed, Cochrane Review, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched and a total of four studies have been selected for Meta – Analysis. Three authors engaged independently to extract data on the efficacy of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl for lower abdomen and limb surgeries. The statistical analysis was accomplished by RevMan (version 5.3) software. The overall efficacy of intrathecal clonidine and fentanyl were pooled by Forrest plot, table, and figure with 95% confidence interval.
Results: The pooled effect size mean difference of intrathecal clonidine versus fentanyl was 83.57(95 % CI, 29.33 to 137.82) minutes. Furthermore, the lowest and highest mean difference of effect size was 10.60 and 175.98 minutes respectively.
Conclusion: Intrathecal clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine gave the prolonged postoperative analgesia in comparison to intrathecal fentanyl. So it is recommended to use clonidine as intrathecal adjuvant when we consider the extended postoperative analgesia.
The effect of different concentrations of heparin sealing liquid on thrombosis after peripherally inserted Central Catheter catheterization in tumor patients (HEALTH): protocol for a prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Wang Zhimin , He Peiyi , Wei Jianning , Du Ping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Malignant tumor patients with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) are at high risk of developing deep venous thrombosis. Different concentrations of sealing liquid result in different outcomes. However, there is a lack of evidence of large randomized controlled trials to show the different incidences of deep vein thrombosis using different concentrations of sealing liquid. The aim of this study is to compare the difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity in cancer patients with PICC using physiological saline, 10 U/ml heparin, and 50 U/ml heparin, separately.
Methods: A three-arm, single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be performed. We plan to recruit a total of 639 cancer patients within 12 months with a follow-up period of six months. Patients will be randomized at 1:1:1 ratio by centralized service allocation concealment. Sealing liquid with different concentrations, i.e. physiological saline, 10 U/ml heparin, and 50 U/ml heparin will be administered. Primary outcome is the incidence of upper extremity venous thrombosis. Secondary outcomes include the time of thrombus and the severity of thrombosis with three grades. All randomized patients will be analyzed by intention-to-treat. Chi-square test will be used to compare the incidence of upper extremity venous thrombosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test will be presented to compare thrombus in relation to time. A Cox regression will test the effect of group on thrombus, with hazard ratio adjusted for significant clinical variables.
Discussion: The trial will help to resolve the uncertainty of the clinical practice of PICC catheterization liquid concentration, and to provide the basis for the implementing the clinical intervention and effectively reducing PICC-related venous thrombosis. The present study is ongoing, and data will be published in peer-reviewed journals after its conclusion.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800018391. Registered on 14 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=30808.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening for the Identification of High Affinity Compounds as Potent VEGFR2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Khushboo , Patidar Khushboo , Ali Meer Asif , Patil Pravin , Goud Himshikha , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Renal Cell Carcinoma is a common type of renal cancer-causing deaths worldwide
which is characterized by sustained angiogenesis. VEGF and its receptors play a major role in
physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, which is marked in tumour progression and metastasis development.
Induction of VEGF genes occur due to hypoxic condition induced by tumour growth after a critical
size in cancerous cell. Signal transduction networks originated by VEGFA/VEGFR2, (a notable
ligand-receptor complex in the VEGF system) leads to major angiogenesis events ranging from endothelial
cell proliferation, to new vessel formation, Furthermore, differential expression of VEGF-VEGFR
mRNA also found in different types of RCC.

Aim:

The aim of present study is to inhibit the VEGFR2 protein by the action of certain inhibitors and
then to search an efficient inhibitor.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 23 potential inhibitors were searched and used to target the protein
using the concept of molecular docking. Among 23 inhibitors, CHEMBL346631 shows best affinity with
the target protein and was used for high throughput virtual screening to find similar compounds. The
compound obtained from virtual screeningSCHEMBL469307, shows much more better affinity with
VEGFR2 than CHEMBL346631.

Conclusion:
Relative study for both the compounds showed a minor difference in relevant properties. The
compound SCHEMBL469307 have a high potential to inhibit the VGFR2 protein and can be backed for
future studies in Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Long Term Outcome of Infants with NEC
Authors: Federici Silvana , De Biagi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2018

:
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important complication for premature newborns.
Infants who survive NEC have a greater possibility of poor long-term physiological and neurodevelopmental
growth.

:
The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive description of the long-term consequences of
NEC. Despite the rise in incidence of NEC there is a scarcity of data regarding long-term outcomes
of these infants that can be divided into two groups. The first group includes gastrointestinal complications
that could occur in relation to the bowel disease, the surgical treatment and quality of the
residual bowel. These complications are strictures and short bowel syndrome (SBS).

:
Intestinal strictures are a common occurance after recovery from NEC that should be investigated
with a contrast study in case of suspicious clinical findings of bowel obstruction or before reversal
ostomy. After this diagnostic investigation, if a stricture is detected in a symptomatic patient, resection
of the affected loop of bowel with anastomosis is required. SBS is the result of a massive intestinal
resection or of a dysfunctional residual bowel and it can occur in a fourth of patients affected
by NEC.

:
The second group includes neurodevelopmental impairment and growth.

:
Infants with NEC is a population of patients at high risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes
whose cause can be multifactorial and linked to perinatal events, severity of disease, surgical treatment
and its complications and hospitalization. Understanding the morbidity of NEC with a longterm
follow-up would aid neonatologists and pediatric surgeons to make informed decisions in providing
care for these patients. Further research on this topic is needed.

:
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients after NEC recovery have not been widely reported.
A Dollar for a Tree or a Tree for a Dollar? The Behavioral Effects of Measurement Basis on Managers' CSR Investment Decision
Authors: Church Bryan K. , Jiang Wei , Kuang Xi (Jason) , Vitalis Adam 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
We experimentally investigate how managers' decisions to invest discretionary resources in the company's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives are affected by whether the investment decision is denominated in financial or nonfinancial measures (i.e., the measurement basis used for decision making). We posit that nonfinancial measures bring attention to the society-serving nature of CSR investments, thus activating the pro-CSR social norms of the company and managers' personal CSR norms. Norm activation, in turn, influences managers' investment decisions to the extent that social norms are congruent with personal norms. As predicted, we find that the level of CSR investment is higher under a nonfinancial measurement basis than under a financial measurement basis, but only when the manager is personally supportive of CSR. Supplemental analysis indicates that CSR-supportive managers continue to invest more under a combined financial/nonfinancial measurement basis than under a financial measurement basis only. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
JEL Classifications: C91; M41.
The Effects of Specialist Type and Estimate Aggressiveness on Jurors' Judgments of Auditor Negligence
Authors: Brown J. Owen , Grenier Jonathan H. , Pyzoha Jonathan S. , Reffett Andrew 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY
We examine the effects of two critical factors auditors consider when auditing complex estimates, the decision to use a specialist and the relative aggressiveness of management's estimate, on jurors' auditor negligence assessments. Experiment 1 finds jurors view auditors' acceptance of a more aggressive estimate as more justifiable, and are thus less likely to find them negligent, when auditors consult with either internal or external specialists. However, these litigation benefits do not extend to audits of less aggressive estimates. Experiment 2 finds jurors are less likely to find auditors negligent when auditors use an external versus an internal specialist, due to greater perceptions of external specialist independence. We also find auditors accrue similar litigation benefits when an external specialist reviews the internal specialists' work. We conclude that utilizing external specialists, either to directly test complex estimates or to review internal specialists' work, limits auditors' litigation exposure when auditing relatively aggressive estimates.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.
Data Availability: Available upon request from the authors.
Auditors' Evaluation of Subsequent Events: The Effects of Prior Commitment and Type of Accountability
Authors: Phang Soon-Yeow , Fargher Neil L. 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY
A judgment problem associated with auditing subsequent events is that auditors fail to adequately respond to subsequent events identified late in the audit. One possible source of this failure to respond could be that subsequent events are typically discovered near the end of the audit when the auditor has established an initial view regarding the fair presentation of the financial statements. Our first experiment provides evidence that auditors propose smaller audit adjustments to subsequent events following prior commitment when the control environment risk is low, relative to when there is no prior commitment. Our second experiment examines whether a requirement for process accountability can mitigate the effect of prior commitment on auditor judgment. We find that process accountability (a requirement to justify the processes leading to a decision), rather than outcome accountability (the need to justify a final decision), can effectively mitigate auditors' biases arising from prior commitment.
The Magnitude of Sales Change and Asymmetric Cost Behavior
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa , Zoubi Taisier A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigate the impact of the magnitude of current sales changes on asymmetric cost behavior. We expect that managers are likely to consider small (large) current sales decreases as temporary (permanent). Therefore, they will be less (more) likely to cut costs for small (large) current sales decreases. Accordingly, we predict and find that, conditional on a prior sales increase, cost stickiness is greater for small current sales changes than for large current sales changes. In addition, prior research suggests that, conditional on a prior sales decrease, slack resources retained from the prior period might lead to cost anti-stickiness. We expect that slack resources retained from the prior period will have a greater (smaller) impact on cost behavior for small (large) current sales changes. Accordingly, we predict and find that, conditional on a prior sales decrease, cost anti-stickiness is greater for small current sales changes than for large current sales changes.
JEL Classifications: M41; M46; G12.
#DíaInternacionaldelPuebloGitano: una mirada a la realidad educativa de la etnia gitana a través de Twitter
Authors: Motos Sellés Patricia , Aguilar Cuesta Ángel Ignacio 
Published: November 2018

El presente estudio trata de identificar la actividad y demandas educativas asociadas con la etnia gitana dentro de España a través de la red social Twitter, con el fin de determinar cuáles son los diversos dictámenes sobre esta cuestión. Para ello, hemos empleado una metodología híbrida basada por un lado, en el análisis cuantitativo de los tweets recogidos gracias al uso de la minería de datos y estructura de redes a través de la API de Twitter. Por otro, una metodología cualitativa debido al estudio de todos los tweets extraídos con el hashtag #DíaInternacionaldelPuebloGitano, gracias al cual hemos determinado las demandas y opiniones así como, la catalogación emocional de dichos textos. El análisis de los 726 tweets en lenguas oficiales del Reino de España, siendo este elemento territorial-lingüístico un delimitador utilizado para comprender la opinión pública en un espacio geográfico concreto.El análisis de los datos se ha realizado empleando el software SPSS 21 con el cuál hemos podido determinar que el número de tweets emitidos por los usuarios fue de 726, cuya propagación aumentó debido a los retweets y favoritos hasta un total de 2061 en el día 8 de abril. La franja horaria de mayor actividad fue de 12:00-17:59 con un total de 959.Finalmente, hemos podido determinar como la actividad en la red social, tiene grandes similitudes con los estudios hasta la fecha sobre la etnia gitana en relación con la educación. De este modo, las protestas y quejas por la desigualdad y la intolerancia, la existencia y funcionamiento de centros escolares dónde existe un alto número de alumnado gitano. Por el contrario, también encontramos similitudes, como el incremento lento, de alumnado de etnia gitana con mayores estudios, y que son vistos tanto en redes sociales como dentro de la comunidad, como ejemplos a seguir.
Comparison of three different creatinine clearance calculation methods in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: KUNDAKTEPE Fatih Orkun , ERDEM Mustafa Genco , HELVACI Şerife Ayşen 
Published: November 2018

Aim: To determine
the most accurate and useful method for calculating creatinine clearance by
comparing the results of different methods. Methods: One hundred type
2 diabetic patients who have been followed by Okmeydani Training and Research
Hospital Internal Medicine and/or diabetes outpatient clinics were included in
this study. Individuals with hypertension, acute kidney disease and renal
transplantation were excluded from the study.Results: Glomerular
filtration rate (GFR) calculated with Cockcroft-Gault formula was significantly
affected by creatinine, weight, and age
(p&lt;0.050 for all). GFR measured with Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)
formula was significantly
affected by creatinine and age (p&lt;0.050 for all) in a univariate model; in a
multivariate model, this was significantly
independently affected by creatinine (p=0.001). GFR measured with 24h urine was significantly affected by
creatinine, weight, and age (p&lt;0.050 for
all) in a univariate model; in a multivariate model,
this was significantly
independently affected by weight (p=0.001).

Conclusion: In
this study, those three methods revealed similar results. All of three methods
can be used for evaluating renal functions in Type II diabetic patients but
creatinine clearance with 24 hours urine method requires two patient visits in
a row and a more complex biochemistry laboratory; so in our opinion, this
method may be used as an alternative to the other two methods.
Choanal polyp originating from the middle turbinate: A case report
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Süha 
Published: November 2018

Choanal polyps
are most frequently sinusal in origin and a great majority of them
are in the form of antrachoanal polyps. Apart from that, atypical
localization sites including the superior turbinate, septum, cribriform plate
have rarely been reported. Cases of choanal polyps originating in
the middle turbinate are very rare.
This paper reports a concha-choanal polyp case originating from the
middle turninate, which was excised via endoscopic surgical technique, in the
light of clinical and radiological findings.