bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Milky Way's Mass via Hierarchical Bayes: A Blind Test on MUGS2 Simulated Galaxies
Authors: Eadie Gwendolyn , Keller Benjamin , Harris William E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In a series of three papers, Eadie et al. developed a hierarchical Bayesian method to estimate the Milky Way Galaxy’s mass given a physical model for the potential, a measurement model, and kinematic data of test particles such as globular clusters (GCs) or halo stars in the Galaxy’s halo. The Galaxy’s virial mass was found to have a 95% Bayesian credible region (c.r.) of (0.67, 1.09) × 1012

M

⊙

. In the present study, we test the hierarchical Bayesian method against simulated galaxies created in the McMaster Unbiased Galaxy Simulations 2 (MUGS2), for which the true mass is known. We estimate the masses of MUGS2 galaxies using GC analogs from the simulations as tracers. The analysis, completed as a blind test, recovers the true M
200 of the MUGS2 galaxies within 95% Bayesian c.r. in 8 out of 18 cases. Of the 10 galaxy masses that were not recovered within the 95% c.r., a large subset have posterior distributions that occupy extreme ends of the parameter space allowed by the priors. A few incorrect mass estimates are explained by the exceptional evolution history of the galaxies. We also find evidence that the model cannot describe both the galaxies’ inner and outer structure simultaneously in some cases. After removing the GC analogs associated with the galactic disks, the true masses were found more reliably (13 out of 18 were predicted within the c.r.). Finally, we discuss how representative the GC analogs are of the real GC population in the Milky Way.
Pleiotropic Impacts of Macrophage and Microglial Deficiency on Development in Rats with Targeted Mutation of the Csf1r Locus
Authors: Pridans Clare , Raper Anna , Davis Gemma M. , Alves Joana , Sauter Kristin A. , Lefevre Lucas , Regan Tim , Meek Stephen , Sutherland Linda , Thomson Alison J. , Clohisey Sara , Bush Stephen J. , Rojo Rocío , Lisowski Zofia M. , Wallace Robert , Grabert Kathleen , Upton Kyle R. , Tsai Yi Ting , Brown Deborah , Smith Lee B. , Summers Kim M. , Mabbott Neil A. , Piccardo Pedro , Cheeseman Michael T. , Burdon Tom , Hume David A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We have produced Csf1r-deficient rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Consistent with the role of Csf1r in macrophage differentiation, there was a loss of peripheral blood monocytes, microglia in the brain, epidermal Langerhans cells, splenic marginal zone macrophages, bone-associated macrophages and osteoclasts, and peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages of splenic red pulp, liver, lung, and gut were less affected. The pleiotropic impacts of the loss of macrophages on development of multiple organ systems in rats were distinct from those reported in mice. Csf1r−/− rats survived well into adulthood with postnatal growth retardation, distinct skeletal and bone marrow abnormalities, infertility, and loss of visceral adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis in spleen revealed selective loss of transcripts associated with the marginal zone and, in brain regions, the loss of known and candidate novel microglia-associated transcripts. Despite the complete absence of microglia, there was little overt phenotype in brain, aside from reduced myelination and increased expression of dopamine receptor-associated transcripts in striatum. The results highlight the redundant and nonredundant functions of CSF1R signaling and of macrophages in development, organogenesis, and homeostasis.
Perforin-2 Breaches the Envelope of Phagocytosed Bacteria Allowing Antimicrobial Effectors Access to Intracellular Targets
Authors: Bai Fangfang , McCormack Ryan M. , Hower Suzanne , Plano Gregory V. , Lichtenheld Mathias G. , Munson George P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Perforin-2, the product of the MPEG1 gene, limits the spread and dissemination of bacterial pathogens in vivo. It is highly expressed in murine and human phagocytes, and macrophages lacking Perforin-2 are compromised in their ability to kill phagocytosed bacteria. In this study, we used Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model intracellular pathogen to elucidate the mechanism of Perforin-2’s bactericidal activity. In vitro Perforin-2 was found to facilitate the degradation of Ags contained within the envelope of phagocytosed bacteria. In contrast, degradation of a representative surface Ag was found to be independent of Perforin-2. Consistent with our in vitro results, a protease-sensitive, periplasmic superoxide dismutase (SodCII) contributed to the virulence of S. Typhimurium in Perforin-2 knockout but not wild-type mice. In aggregate, our studies indicate that Perforin-2 breaches the envelope of phagocytosed bacteria, facilitating the delivery of proteases and other antimicrobial effectors to sites within the bacterial cell.
High-Resolution Genetic and Phenotypic Analysis of KIR2DL1 Alleles and Their Association with Pre-Eclampsia
Authors: Huhn Oisín , Chazara Olympe , Ivarsson Martin A. , Retière Christelle , Venkatesan Timothy C. , Norman Paul J. , Hilton Hugo G. , Jayaraman Jyothi , Traherne James A. , Trowsdale John , Ito Mitsutero , Kling Christiane , Parham Peter , Ghadially Hormas , Moffett Ashley , Sharkey Andrew M. , Colucci Francesco 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Killer-cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes are inherited as haplotypes. They are expressed by NK cells and linked to outcomes of infectious diseases and pregnancy in humans. Understanding how genotype relates to phenotype is difficult because of the extensive diversity of the KIR family. Indeed, high-resolution KIR genotyping and phenotyping in single NK cells in the context of disease association is lacking. In this article, we describe a new method to separate NK cells expressing allotypes of the KIR2DL1 gene carried by the KIR A haplotype (KIR2DL1A) from those expressing KIR2DL1 alleles carried by the KIR B haplotype (KIR2DL1B). We find that in KIR AB heterozygous individuals, different KIR2DL1 allotypes can be detected in both peripheral blood and uterine NK cells. Using this new method, we demonstrate that both blood and uterine NK cells codominantly express KIR2DL1A and KIR2DL1B allotypes but with a predominance of KIR2DL1A variants, which associate with enhanced NK cell function. In a case-control study of pre-eclampsia, we show that KIR2DL1A, not KIR2DL1B, associates with increased disease risk. This method will facilitate our understanding of how individual KIR2DL1 allelic variants affect NK cell function and contribute to disease risk.
Verification of the mixed layer depth in the OceanMAPS operational forecast model for Austral autumn
Authors: Boettger Daniel , Robertson Robin , Brassington Gary B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The ocean mixed layer depth is an important parameter
describing the exchange of fluxes between the atmosphere and ocean. In ocean
modelling a key factor in the accurate representation of the mixed layer is
the parameterization of vertical mixing. An ideal opportunity to investigate
the impact of different mixing schemes was provided when the Australian
Bureau of Meteorology upgraded its operational ocean forecasting model,
OceanMAPS to version 3.0. In terms of the mixed layer, the main difference
between the old and new model versions was a change of vertical mixing
scheme from that of Chen et al. (1994) to the General Ocean Turbulence Model. The model estimates of the mixed layer depth were compared with those
derived from Argo observations. Both versions of the model exhibited a deep
bias in tropical latitudes and a shallow bias in the Southern Ocean,
consistent with previous studies. The bias, however, was greatly reduced in
version 3.0, and variance between model runs decreased. Additionally, model
skill against climatology also improved significantly. Further analysis
discounted changes to model resolution outside of the Australian region
having a significant impact on these results, leaving the change in vertical
mixing scheme as the main factor in the assessed improvements to mixed layer
depth representation.
Préparer la Retraite: New Age-Inscriptions in West African Middle Classes
Authors: Alber Erdmute 
Published: September 2018

New ways of imagining, planning and living old age are actually emerging in the republic of Benin, West Africa. This process could be understood as the dissemination of an idea of retirement from the sector of formal labor and the corresponding social security system to a general notion of a good life in the late life course. It is preceded by emerging age-inscriptions which are contouring the new up to a point that it is settled and becoming a norm or a dominant pattern. It is also linked to the emergence of new a African middle class. It is going hand in hand with the emergence of other changes in the imaginaries of the life- course, for instance new ways of living and imagining youth. Additionally, it goes along with an accelerating process of social differentiation, since living old age as retirement is, for the moment, only possible for people who are more or less doing well and able to gain the necessary resources of self-maintenance during a time after work. Thus, retirement has become, beyond the sphere of formal work, a generalized notion of new pathways of old age. However, up to now, the desire to live old age as retirement is still an emerging age- inscription and has not become the dominant norm.
Retiring Home? House Construction, Age Inscriptions, and the Building of Belonging among Mexican Migrants and their Families in Chicago and Rural Mexico
Authors: Pauli Julia , Bedorf Franziska 
Published: September 2018

The vacant retirement house has become a central feature of many areas of the Global South. Over the years, migrants’ savings are invested in the building of conspicuous houses for retirement in their areas of origin. But despite these substantial efforts, a number of migrants postpone their return or do not return at all. Their houses remain empty, their purposes shifting as their owners reach old age. This stretching of time does not only affect the migrants’ livelihoods and ideas of home. Furthermore, kin-scripts as conceptualized by Stack and Burton (1993) are being reconfigured substantially. This goes hand-in-hand with the reframing of culturally prescribed responsibilities, meanings, and social roles attached to certain stages of the migrants’ lives. Based on long-term and multi-local ethnographic fieldwork in rural Mexico and urban Chicago since the 1990s, we analyze how remittance houses are tied and untied with their owners’ life courses in the later stages of life. Furthermore, we examine how kin groups on both sides of the border deal with the new challenges this entails.
Monumental Chaucer: Print Culture, Conflict, and Canonical Resilience
Authors: Ascari Maurizio 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The early modern literary canonization of Chaucer and the erection of a monument to the poet in Westminster Abbey in 1556 are symptoms of the incipient development of a national English literary canon, whose defining element is the vernacular. Contextualizing Chaucer's memoralization against the backdrop of two related phenomena—the development of print culture and post-Reformation religious conflicts—this article aims to shed new light on the complex relation between monumentalization in stone and in print, delving into the ambivalent ideological implications of Chaucer's early modern reception. As a result of this critical itinerary, Chaucer will ultimately be discused as an emblem of canonical resilience at a time when the past had become a contested territory.
Metacinema in Contemporary Chinese Film
Authors: Stuckey G. Andrew 
Published: September 2018

Depictions within a movie of either filmmaking or film watching are hardly novel, but the dramatic expansion of the reach of the metacinematic into contemporary Chinese cinemas is nothing short of remarkable. The prevalence of metacinematic features forms the basis of a discourse on film arising from the films themselves. Such a discourse, in turn, outlines the boundaries of the possible for film in China as aesthetic or sociopolitical practice. Metacinema also draws our attention to the presence of the audience, people actively responding to a film. In elucidating the affective responses elicited by the metacinematic mode in the viewers, Stuckey argues that metacinema reflects ways of being in the world that audiences may take up for themselves. The films studied in this book are drawn across the full spectrum of Chinese films made in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan during the 1990s and 2000s, from award-winning conceptual art films to popular crowd pleasers, blockbusters to low budget productions, and documentary-style social realist exposé projects to studio assembly line investments. The recurrence of the metacinematic across this broad range of works is indicative of its relevance to Chinese films today, and the analysis of these diverse examples allows us to gauge the cultural, social, and aesthetic implications of Chinese cinemas as a whole.
Homère historien de la guerre de Troie ? Regards critiques des historiens grecs sur les poèmes homériques
Authors: Jouanno Corinne 
Published: September 2018

Le présent article étudie le traitement réservé au « témoignage » homérique sur la guerre de Troie chez les historiens grecs de l’époque classique (Hérodote, Thucydide) et, plus succinctement, dans l’historiographie de l’époque hellénistique et romaine. Tandis qu’Hérodote, adoptant une attitude polémique, conteste l’autorité d’Homère et définit sa pratique de l’histoire par opposition avec le modèle homérique, Thucydide, affichant moins de scepticisme, s’emploie à mettre en place une méthode qui lui permette d’exploiter les poèmes homériques comme source d’informations sur l’histoire économique et politique des temps archaïques. On retrouve cette théorie du « sens caché » chez divers historiens et géographes de l’époque hellénistique et romaine qui, éduqués dans le respect de la tradition homérique, continuent à s’interroger sur l’historicité de l’Iliade et de l’Odyssée, en un débat dont le rhéteur Dion de Pruse suggère ironiquement la transformation en lieu commun de l’historiographie antique.
Enargeia, Akribeia : écrire Les disparus dans le sillage d’Hérodote et de Thucydide
Authors: Boblet Marie-Hélène 
Published: September 2018

Dans Les disparus, Daniel Mendelsohn raconte la quête qu’il a menée pendant sept ans à travers le monde pour retrouver des traces de six membres de sa famille, « disparus » en 1942 en Galicie orientale. Pour reconstituer comment ils sont morts et surtout comment ils ont vécu, il se met à l’écoute des survivants de Bolechow. Pour raconter cela, il s’inspire de l’Enquête d’Hérodote, dont il admire la puissance narrative et l’enargeia, qu’il complète de la vérification optique (akribeia) qu’il retient de Thucydide. Un « narrateur de la troisième génération » doit à la fois faire parler les témoins, vérifier leurs propos et s’inquiéter de la transmissibilité de son histoire aux lecteurs de son récit.
A Brief History of the Verb To Be
Authors: Moro Andrea 
Published: September 2018

A journey through linguistic time and space, from Aristotle through the twentieth century's “era of syntax,” in search of a dangerous verb and its significance.
Beginning with the early works of Aristotle, the interpretation of the verb to be runs through Western linguistic thought like Ariadne's thread. As it unravels, it becomes intertwined with philosophy, metaphysics, logic, and even with mathematics—so much so that Bertrand Russell showed no hesitation in proclaiming that the verb to be was a disgrace to the human race.
With the conviction that this verb penetrates modern linguistic thinking, creating scandal in its wake and, like a Trojan horse of linguistics, introducing disruptive elements that lead us to rethink radically the most basic structure of human language—the sentence—Andrea Moro reconstructs this history. From classical Greece to the dueling masters of medieval logic through the revolutionary geniuses from the seventeenth century to the Enlightenment, and finally to the twentieth century—when linguistics became a driving force and model for neuroscience—the plot unfolds like a detective story, culminating in the discovery of a formula that solves the problem even as it raises new questions—about language, evolution, and the nature and structure of the human mind. While Moro never resorts to easy shortcuts, A Brief History of the Verb To Be isn't burdened with inaccessible formulas and always refers to the broader picture of mind and language. In this way it serves as an engaging introduction to a new field of cutting-edge research.
Short-tailed mice with a long fossil record: the genusLeggadina(Rodentia: Muridae) from the Quaternary of Queensland, Australia
Authors: Cramb Jonathan , Price Gilbert J. , Hocknull Scott A. 
Published: September 2018

The genusLeggadina(colloquially known as ‘short-tailed mice’) is a common component of Quaternary faunas of northeastern Australia. They represent a member of the Australian old endemic murid radiation that arrived on the continent sometime during the late Cenozoic. Here we describe two new species of extinctLeggadinafrom Quaternary cave deposits as well as additional material of the extinctLeggadina macrodonta.Leggadina irvinisp. nov. recovered from Middle-Upper (late) Pleistocene cave deposits near Chillagoe, northeastern Queensland, is the biggest member of the genus, being substantially larger than any other species so far described.Leggadina webbisp. nov. from Middle Pleistocene cave deposits at Mount Etna, central eastern Queensland, shares features with the oldest species of the genus, the Early PleistoceneL. gregoriensis. Based on the current palaeoecological interpretation of the type locality,L. webbi, represents the only member of the genus that inhabited rainforest. The succession ofLeggadinaspecies through the late Quaternary suggests an ecological replacement of the extinct large-bodiedL. irviniwith the extant, small-bodiedL. lakedownesisat Chillagoe. At Mt. Etna, the extinct rainforest speciesL. webbiis replaced with the extant xeric-adaptedL. forrestiduring the latest Middle Pleistocene. This replacement is associated with a mid-Pleistocene shift towards progressive intensifying seasonal and arid climates. Our study adds to the growing list of small-bodied faunal extinctions during the late Quaternary of northern Australia.
Grief-Specific Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Present-Centered Therapy
Authors: Rosner Rita , Rau Jörn , Kersting Anette , Rief Winfried , Steil Regina , Rummel Anna-Maria , Vogel Anna , Comtesse Hannah 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceProlonged grief disorder (PGD) is included as a new diagnosis in international classification systems. Treatments following a cognitive behavioral model are most effective, but comparisons with active control treatments are scarce.ObjectiveTo examine whether integrative cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief (PG-CBT) is superior to present-centered therapy (PCT).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a rater-blinded, multicenter, randomized clinical trial (stratified by center and relationship to the deceased) with enrollment from April 2017 to May 2022. The setting included 4 university outpatient clinics in Germany. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 75 years and had PGD based on the Prolonged Grief Disorder 13 (PG-13) interview. Participants were randomized 1:1 to PG-CBT and PCT.InterventionsPG-CBT focused on the exposure to the worst moment of the loss and cognitive restructuring of grief-related cognitions in combination with solution-focused and experiential methods (eg, walk to the grave exercise). PCT was adapted in session length and number to PG-CBT and focused on a supportive relationship and coping with daily problems that may have arisen from the loss or grief symptoms.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll outcomes were assessed at baseline, after treatment, and 12 months after randomization at follow-up. The primary outcome was a blinded assessment of the PG-13 severity score at follow-up. Secondary outcomes were self-reported depressive, somatic, and overall psychopathological symptoms.ResultsOf 544 treatment-seeking individuals experiencing bereavement, 212 eligible participants (mean [SD] age, 51.8 [13.3] years; 173 female [82%]) with PGD based on the PG-13 interview were randomized to PG-CBT and PCT (n = 106 in each condition). In the intention-to-treat analysis, both treatments yielded high reductions in PGD severity at follow-up (PG-CBT: Cohen d = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.31-1.97; PCT: Cohen d = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66). After treatment, participants receiving PG-CBT demonstrated significantly greater reductions in PGD severity than those receiving PCT (Cohen d = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.03-0.57). At follow-up, this effect was only visible on a trend level (Cohen d = 0.28; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.57), whereas participants in the PG-CBT group had significantly less depressive and general psychopathological symptoms. Twenty-three participants (20%) discontinued PG-CBT treatment, and 17 participants (16%) discontinued PCT.Conclusion and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial demonstrates that PG-CBT was superior to PCT after treatment and at follow-up with regard to comorbid symptoms. Both treatments were shown to be effective and acceptable, showing the potential for dissemination and increasing patient choice.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) identifier: DRKS00012317