bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK PERMASALAHAN HIDUP EMPAT TOKOH UTAMA TERHADAP KEPRIBADIAN DALAM NOVEL AUTO KARYA NATSUO KIRINO
Authors: Hastuti Nur 
Published: March 2019

Abstract This ressearch has title” The Impact of The Fourth Main Characters’ Life Problem Toward Their Characteristic In The Novel Auto By Natsuo Kirino”. The objects ressearch is novel Auto by Natsuo Kirino that was published in 1997. This ressearch has aim to get the description of characteristic structure of the four main characters that includes id, ego, and superego, and also about what are the effects of life problem toward their characteristics. The theoritical approach that is used in this ressearch is to answer those both problems and uses Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalisist.From the characteristics ressearch result of the four main characters, they are Masako, Yayoi, Yoshie, and Kuniko, it is proved that their characteristics are more dominated by id impuls than ego impuls or superego. This is because work characteristic of id is pleasure principle to reduce tension or problem.The impact of life problem toward the characteristic of four main characters is descibed below. Masako has problem when she is never respected in her workplace. Difficult communication with her husband and her household that is not harmonious and her relationship with her children is not getting well. Those problems effect she does main action to reduce her tension in her life. She also helps her friend, Yayoi by throwing away Yayoi’s husband corpse that had been mutilated. Yayoi has problem with her husband who never respects her and her household that is not harmonious. Solution that is done by Yayoi because of household problem is by doing main action by killing her husband. Another character, Yoshie has a problem where she must nurse her mother in law who always grumble and gets angry to her when she come late. She must also work in the night to earn money to fulfill her needs. Those facts cause fury to Yoshie, so that she wants to kill her mother in law. Yoshie wants to leave out all her burdens and tensions by helps Masako to throw away Kenji’s corpse (Yayoi’s husband). Another character, Kuniko has problem about she feel that she has no face beauty and perfect body shape, so that she lives in luxurious way and has many debts to the creditors to cover her lack. She does this way to reduce her tension in her life. Keywords: novel, main character, life problem, psychoanalisist
BERTUTUR SANTUN MELALUI TTL
Authors: Hamidah Idah 
Published: March 2019

Abstract Courtesy ( politeness ) is one of the recalled strategies to maintain good relations between speaker and hearer . In this study, politeness is defined as the awareness of speakers will image the hearer; a concept called ‘the face’ (Brown and Levinson, 1987). To express politeness, one of which is realized with indirect speech act (TTL), for example, to declare a function directive, speakers can use direct speech (TL) with the imperative sentences and use TTL with declarative or interrogative sentences. This study aims to find a form of directive utterances in Japanese as well as politeness strategies. The benefit of this research is to provide choice to the learner how to speak Japanese, especially for express orders using TTL. Data obtained through the identification process to find speech that is suspected to contain commands mean. This step begins by identifying and marking the discourse in the form of dialogues that contains the event said directive . Directive speech is then transcribed (romanization) , which over the alphabet of Japanese characters into Latin letters. After transcription, triangulation to native speakers. Subsequently translation (transliteration) of the Japanese language as the source language (BS) into the Indonesian language as the target (BT). The translation process includes : (1) translation literally, is glossed words each forming the speech or discourse; (2) a free translation, the translation is bound context that focuses on BT. This is done so that the translation is communicative. Based on the results of the study found seven forms of expression TTL directive to express politeness in Japanese , namely : Form [ VTE ] , [ ~ mashō ] , [ ~ kara ] , [ ~ te hoshii ] , [ ~ yattorun ? ] , [ ~ U / yo ] , and [ ~ yoni suru shikanai ] . Keywords : command ; TTL ; politeness ; directive ; imperative
DAERAH SALJU YANG “DINGIN” Tinjauan terhadap Novel Daerah Salju Karya Kawabata Yasunari
Authors: Noviana Fajria 
Published: March 2019

Expressive approach on this novel was conducted to proof scholars’ opinions about the themes that Kawabata often used in his works, which affected by his unpleasant childhood. Those themes are loneliness, emptiness, broken heart, sexuality, and others in common. Comparative study was also conducted but to find out how this novel affected by other literary works and Japanese traditions, and vice versa.
PERBANDINGAN KONSEP PERSALAMAN “TERIMA KASIH” DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA JEPANG
Authors: Hesti Aprilia Nindia Rini Elizabeth Ika 
Published: March 2019

Abstract Greetings is necessary in human relationship. If we can’t express greeting properly we will be regarded as the less civilized. And not to know how to use expressions that show gratitude can lead us to misunderstandings that would be not good for the relationship that has been existed. Indonesian expressed gratitude by using idiomatic expressions such as”terima kasih”, “makasih”, “trims” with sincerity, meanwhile Japanese expressed kansha (gratitude) using standard existing idiomatic expressions such as “arigatou gozaimasu”, “sumimasen”, “doumo”, etc, describing the facts that occurred, describing the feeling of the speaker, and gestures. Kata Kunci : greetings, gratitude, terima kasih,arigatou gozaimasu
Attributes of Activation Energy and Exponential Based Heat Source in Flow of Carreau Fluid with Cross-Diffusion Effects
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Ullah Ikram , Waqas Muhammad , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the present study we aim to model and examine the impact of melting and double stratification on MHD flow of Carreau liquid over a stretching sheet. Incompressible non-Newtonian liquid is electrically conducting and exposed to a constant magnetic field. The exponential space dependent internal heat source effect is incorporated in the energy expression. Mass transfer is characterized in terms of activation energy and a binary chemical reaction. In addition, Soret and Dufour phenomena are included. The boundary layer concept is utilized to simplify the governing equations. A system of ordinary differential equations is obtained through proper transformations. The coupled non-linear system is then computed by the NDSolve technique. Plots and tabulated values are arranged for interpretation of different variables. The obtained results show that the flow field is influenced appreciably by melting, the heat source, the reaction rate and the activation energy. Moreover, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are increased by the activation energy.
Supplier Evaluation with Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process in Bearing Sector and Consistency Analysis
Authors: Ayhan Mustafa Batuhan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The bearing sector has a demand for high precision and expensive machine tools. To ensure product quality and reduction of operating costs, the manufacturers in this sector should develop an appropriate supplier evaluation mechanism for the bearings. Therefore, this study presents a Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (HF-AHP) technique for the evaluation of suppliers. HF-AHP, which is an extension of the well-known Fuzzy AHP (F-AHP), allows more space to decision makers while they are performing pairwise comparisons in hesitant situations. This article also introduces a consistency analysis technique for the preferences. This technique firstly sorts out the hesitancy and then deals with fuzzy comparisons. In addition, to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach, a case study is presented as a numerical example in the bearing industry. The results of this application are compared with the results of the same case that was previously handled with the traditional F-AHP method in the literature. Finally, sensitivity analysis, which is performed to check the robustness of the decision, investigates the effects of changes in criteria weights.
Development of a Trailer to Measure the Noise Generated at the Interface between Tire and Pavement Surface
Authors: Al-Haddad Abdulhaq Hadi. Abedali , Ibrahim Tuqa Khalid 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Noise pollution is another environmental pollutant to be formally recognized as an actual threat to human health and the quality of life. The growth in noise pollution is unsustainable because it involves direct and cumulative adverse health effects. Pavement characteristics are one of the important factors affecting noise generation and propagation. The selection of an appropriate pavement mixture or texture with the proper maintenance efforts is the best method to control the main cause of pavement noise. Therefore, the major objective of this research study was to develop a methodology to evaluate tire-pavement noise. Other objectives were investigating the effect of the pavement surface characteristics on the generation and propagation of the noise of asphalt concrete (AC) and portland cement concrete (PCC) at varying traffic speeds, and finally the development of a statistical model for prediction tire-pavement noise at varying traffic speeds. Field noise measurements were performed using a noise trailer developed in this study and attached to the parent vehicle. Overall, PCC sections with higher skid resistance and lower average texture depth produced the highest noise levels compared with the conventional AC sections; PCC type had an average difference of about 1 dB(A) compared with the AC pavement. The presence of surface distress led to increasing the tire-pavement noise level by 7 dB(A). There were increments of about 1 dB(A) and 7 dB(A) to change vehicle speed from 20 to 40 km/h and from 40 to 60 km/h, respectively. Regarding the measurement period effect on the tire-pavement noise level, tire-pavement noise had an increment of about 7 dB(A) during daytime compared with night.
Echocardiography and monitoring patients receiving dopamine agonist therapy for hyperprolactinaemia: a joint position statement of the British Society of Echocardiography, the British Heart Valve Society and the Society for Endocrinology
Authors: Steeds Richard P. , Stiles Craig E. , Sharma Vishal , Chambers John B. , Lloyd Guy , Drake William 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This is a joint position statement of the British Society of Echocardiography, the British Heart Valve Society and the Society for Endocrinology on the role of echocardiography in monitoring patients receiving dopamine agonist (DA) therapy for hyperprolactinaemia. (1) Evidence that DA pharmacotherapy causes abnormal valve morphology and dysfunction at doses used in the management of hyperprolactinaemia is extremely limited. Evidence of clinically significant valve pathology is absent, except for isolated case reports around which questions remain. (2) Attributing change in degree of valvular regurgitation, especially in mild and moderate tricuspid regurgitation, to adverse effects of DA in hyperprolactinaemia should be avoided if there are no associated pathological changes in leaflet thickness, restriction or retraction. It must be noted that even where morphological change in leaflet structure and function may be suspected, grading is semi-quantitative on echocardiography and may vary between different machines, ultrasound settings and operators. (3) Decisions regarding discontinuation of medication should only be made after review of serial imaging by an echocardiographer experienced in analysing drug-induced valvulopathy or carcinoid heart disease. (4) A standard transthoracic echocardiogram should be performed before a patient starts DA therapy for hyperprolactinaemia. Repeat transthoracic echocardiography should then be performed at 5 years after starting cabergoline in patients taking a total weekly dose less than or equal to 2 mg. If there has been no change on the 5-year scan, repeat echocardiography could continue at 5-yearly intervals. If a patient is taking more than a total weekly dose of 2 mg, then annual echocardiography is recommended.
Predictors of Hospital Reuse Among Publicly Insured Children Hospitalized for Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Molina Adolfo L. , Magruder Teresa G. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Ward Lauren , Narayanan Sridaran , Walley Susan C. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
Asthma is a common cause of pediatric hospitalization. Nonadherence to asthma medications is associated with worse outcomes; however, there is a paucity of data regarding posthospitalization prescription filling and hospital reuse. Our objective was to identify patients at risk for hospital reuse after being hospitalized for asthma.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective study of patients with asthma who were discharged from a children’s hospital in which we use Medicaid claims data to evaluate prescription fills within 30 days and 12 months. Chart reviews were used for demographics, chronic asthma severity, admission severity, and hospital reuse. t and χ2 tests were performed for continuous and categorical variables. A generalized linear mixed model was fitted to predict the odds of hospital reuse, which was defined as requiring an emergency department visit or rehospitalization. Survival analysis using log-rank testing was used for modeling the time to hospital reuse.

RESULTS:
Fifty-four percent of patients discharged with asthma had hospital reuse within 1 year of discharge. There was no association between hospital reuse and prescription filling for systemic steroids (odds ratio [OR] 1.30; confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–2.00; P = .21) or controller medications (OR 1.5; CI: 0.92–2.52; P = .10). There was a higher number of controller and systemic steroid prescription fills over 12 months for patients with hospital reuse. The factors associated with greater odds of hospital reuse were severity of chronic asthma diagnosis (P = .03) as well as African American race (OR 1.92; CI: 1.17–3.13; P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:
For Medicaid-insured patients discharged with asthma, worse chronic asthma severity and African American race were associated with greater odds of hospital reuse. Decreased prescription filling was not associated with greater odds of hospital reuse.
Parent Preferences for Methods and Content of Mobile Technology–Based Asthma Medication Adherence Intervention
Authors: Andrews Annie Lintzenich , Nitchie Haley L. , Harvey Jillian B. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Mobile technology–based asthma medication adherence interventions can be targeted to children during periods of high risk, including the transition from hospital to home or when refill behavior suggests declining adherence. Our objective was to develop insight into parent use of mobile technology and their preferences for a mobile technology–based asthma intervention.

METHODS:
By using qualitative methods, 20 interviews of parents of children with asthma were conducted. The open-ended, semistructured interview guides included questions about current mobile technology use, barriers to controller medication adherence, and preferences for methods and content of a mobile technology–based asthma intervention. Using grounded theory methodology, investigators coded the transcripts and identified emerging themes.

RESULTS:
Twenty parents completed interviews. Half of the children were 7 to 12 years old. Eighty percent had public insurance. Sixty-five percent had a previous hospitalization. Three major themes were identified: chronic disease management assistance, distinct preferences for risk communication, and electronic reachability. Chronic disease management assistance included parents recognizing that busy lifestyles contribute to adherence challenges and welcoming a program to assist them. Distinct preferences for risk communication included a preference for 2-way communication via text message or phone call at least monthly. Under the theme of electronic reachability, all enrolled parents had smartphones and used them daily.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parents of children with asthma are open to communicating with asthma providers through mobile technology. This information can be used to inform the development of mobile technology–based interventions to improve care for children with asthma during periods of high risk, including the transition from hospital to home.
Off-label Medication Prescribing Patterns in Pediatrics: An Update
Authors: Yackey Katelyn , Stukus Kristin , Cohen Daniel , Kline David , Zhao Sonia , Stanley Rachel 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the frequency of off-label drug use in 2014 as defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved age ranges in patients ≤18 years of age, to determine the rate of off-label drug use in 2014 by drug classification, and to compare current off-label medication usage rates with historical rates.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of an administrative database containing inpatient resource use data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014. Patients ≤18 years of age receiving 1 of 76 selected commonly prescribed medications are included. Off-label drug use is defined as use in a patient younger than the lower limit of the FDA-approved age range for any indication or dosage form of that drug.

RESULTS:
At least 1 drug was prescribed off label in 779 270 of 2 773 770 (28.1%) patient visits during the study period. Younger age, longer hospital stays, and mortality were associated with higher rates of off-label medication prescription. Off-label usage of certain medications differed between care settings. Rates of off-label medication use were higher in observational (45.5%), inpatient (53.9%), and ambulatory (54.2%) settings.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although off-label drug use at major US pediatric hospitals is declining, 1 out of every 4 medications is not in accordance with FDA label indications for patient age. There exists substantial variation in off-label drug use among drug categories and encounter types. Although many commonly prescribed medications are FDA-approved for use in subpopulations of pediatric patients, studies of their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and optimal dosing are ongoing.
The Association Between Fever and Subsequent Deterioration Among Hospitalized Children With Elevated PEWS
Authors: Lockwood Justin , Reese Jennifer , Wathen Beth , Thomas Jacob , Brittan Mark , Iwanowski Melissa , McLeod Lisa 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the association between fever and subsequent deterioration among patients with Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) elevations to ≥4 to inform improvements to care escalation processes at our institution.METHODS:We performed a cohort study of hospitalized children at a single quaternary children’s hospital with PEWS elevations to ≥4 between January 1, 2014 and March 31, 2014. Bivariable analysis was used to compare characteristics between patients with and without unplanned ICU transfers and critical deterioration events (CDEs) (ie, unplanned ICU transfers with life-sustaining interventions initiated in the first 12 ICU hours). A multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess the relative risk of unplanned ICU transfers and CDEs.RESULTS:The study population included 220 PEWS elevations from 176 unique patients. Of those, 33% had fever (n = 73), 40% experienced an unplanned ICU transfer (n = 88), and 19% experienced CDEs (n = 42). Bivariable analysis revealed that febrile patients were less likely to experience an unplanned ICU transfer than those without fever. The same association was found in multivariable analysis with only marginal significance (adjusted relative risk 0.68; 95% confidence interval 0.45–1.01; P = .058). There was no difference in the CDE risk for febrile versus afebrile patients (adjusted relative risk 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.44; P = .44).CONCLUSIONS:At our institution, patients with an elevated PEWS appeared less likely to experience an unplanned ICU transfer if they were febrile. We were underpowered to evaluate the effect on CDEs. These findings contributed to our recognition that (1) PEWS may not include all relevant clinical factors used for clinical decision-making regarding care escalation and (2) further study is needed in this area.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Penyalut terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri dan Daya Larut Tablet Effervescent Probiotik
Authors: Oktavia Devi Ambarwaty , Feliatra Feliatra , Lubis Lora Lestari 
Published: March 2019

Upaya meningkatkan produksi udang dapat dilakukan melalui penggunaan probiotik. Untuk menjaga viabilitas bakteri probiotik, diperlukan usaha untuk melindungi bakteri dengan penyalut misalnya maltodekstrin. Perlindungan lebih lanjut dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara mengemas probiotik tersebut dalam tablet effervescent. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji viabilitas (jumlah bakteri) dan waktu larut probiotik yang sudah dicetak menjadi tablet effervescent dengan variasi konsentrasi penyalut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen; yaitu sampel air tambak udang diberi perlakuan 4 (empat) formula tablet effervescent (Formula I, II, III, IV) dengan 3 (tiga) konsentrasi penyalut yaitu 20%, 30% dan 40% maltodekstrin. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 2 kali. Pengujian Total Plate Count (TPC) dan waktu larut dilakukan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi penyalut tablet effervescent yang paling efektif. Formula tablet effervescent yang paling efektif dalam menjaga kestabilan bakteri adalah formula IV dengan konsentrasi maltodekstrin sebanyak 30%. Formula ini menghasilkan tablet effervescent dengan jumlah bakteri sebanyak 6,46 log CFU/mL dan larut dalam waktu 20 menit.
Kandungan Senyawa Aktif Spirulina platensis yang Ditumbuhkan pada Media Walne dengan Konsentrasi NaNO3 Berbeda
Authors: Notonegoro Hartoyo , Setyaningsih Iriani , Tarman Kustiariyah 
Published: March 2019

Spirulina platensis merupakan sumber makanan organik yang mengandung protein tinggi dengan asam amino yang seimbang. Spirulina juga memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif yaitu fikosianin dan flavonoid. Senyawa aktif tersebut pada umumnya memiliki aktivitas yang potential sebagai suplemen dan sediaan bahan aktif pada pangan fungsional. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid dari mikroalga adalah nutrisi yang digunakan dalam media pertumbuhan sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai pengaruh komposisi media terhadap kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh variasi kandungan NaNO3 pada media pertumbuhan terhadap kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid S. platensis; serta menentukan konsentrasi NaNO3 terbaik pada media Walne untuk menghasilkan biomassa S. platensis dengan kandungan fikosianin dan flavonoid tertinggi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 tahapan yaitu kultivasi S. platensis; dan ekstraksi fikosianin, flavonoid, dan komponen aktif lainnya. Kultur S. platensis menggunakan media Walne dengan variasi kandungan NaNO3 yaitu masing-masing sebesar 80, 100 dan 120 g selama 11 hari. Total protein dan nitrogen tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 100 g NaNO3 masing-masing sebesar 44,30% dan 7,09%. Biomassa S. platensis setiap perlakuan NaNO3 mengandung flavonoid, steroid, fenol dan saponin. Konsentrasi dan rendemen fikosianin terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan 80 g NaNO3 sebesar 1,32 mg/ml dan 32,93%.Total flavonoid ekstrak S. platensis tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan 80 g NaNO3 sebesar 16,56%. S. platensis terpilih adalah perlakuan NaNO3 80 g karena menghasilkan kandungan senyawa aktif flavonoid dan fikosianin tertinggi. ncentration.