bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Nanocrystals: Production, Functionalization and Advanced Applications
Authors: Thompson Lachlan , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Nikzad Mostafa , Sbarski Igor , Wang James , Yu Aimin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are a class of nanoscale biopolymers produced from cellulose sources. CNC materials have gained growing interests which can be attributed to their excellent properties such as excellent biocompatibility, good mechanical properties and high aspect ratio whilst also being an inexpensive material that can be produced from green and renewable sources. Due to the abundant hydroxyl functional groups, the surface of CNC materials are ready to be tuned and functionalized via chemical reactions allowing for many different applications, such as being a reinforcing agent to be incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer matrix. In this review paper,we firstly introduce the general methods for producing CNC from different sources. Different strategies used for surface modification ofCNCare then discussed. Finally, the recent progress on the applications of CNC and CNC composite materials are described in detail.
Features of Electrical and Photoelectric Properties of GaS(Yb) Monocrystals
Authors: Rahim Madatov , Arzu Najafov , Aydin Alakbarov , Teymur Tagiev , Aydan Khaliqzadeh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The electrical and photoelectric properties of GaS(Yb) monocrystal have been studied in the range of 100–300 K. It has been established that as the partial compensation of structure defects (VGa) occurs due to the inclusion of ytterbium dopant, the electroconductivity of GaS monocrystal decreases. The simultaneously occurrence of substitution (YbGa) of cation vacancy – VYb and Yb-Ga due to the formation of acceptor and donor type two charged local centers during the doping, leads to a self-compensating process. As a result, the specific resistance of the crystal increases, and thermal activation and extinction processes are observed in the temperature dependence of photoconductivity.
Resetting the Respiratory Rhythm with a Spinal Central Pattern Generator
Authors: Meza Roberto , Huidobro Nayeli , Moreno-Castillo Mayra , Mendez-Fernandez Abraham , Flores-Hernandez Jorge , Flores Amira , Manjarrez Elias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is evidence that a variety of central and afferent stimuli, including swallowing, can produce phase resetting in the respiratory rhythmicity. Also, there are reports about the intrinsic linkage between locomotion and respiration. However, little is known about the interaction between the central pattern generators (CPGs) for scratching and respiration. The present study aims to examine whether the activation of scratching CPG produces phase resetting of the respiratory rhythm. We employed decerebrate cats to apply brief tactile stimuli to the pinna during the inspiratory-expiratory transition. We observed that those stimuli to the pinna not eliciting fictive scratching did not reset the respiratory rhythm. However, when the pinna stimuli elicited fictive scratching, then the respiratory rhythm exhibited a significant phase resetting. We also found interneurons in the medulla oblongata exhibiting phase resetting related to scratching-CPG episodes. This second finding suggests that this type of resetting involves brainstem components of the respiratory CPG. These results shed new light on the resetting action from a spinal CPG on the respiratory rhythm.
Spatial‑temporal variability of water balance components in the North area of the Zailiisky Alatau Range
Authors: Konovalov V. G. , Pimankina N. V. 
Published: April 2019

Analysis of changes in WB components (precipitation, evaporation, glacier runoff, dynamical water resources) on the Northern slope of the Zailiisky Alatau was performed for the 1946–2005 time divided into two periods: 1946–1975 and 1976–2005. The territory under investigation included basins of the following rivers: Bolshaya Almatinka, Malaya Almatinka, Talgar, Turgen, Issyk, Chemolgan, Kaskelen, Kargalinka, Prohodnaya, and Uzunkargaly. Their total area down to the closing gauge points amounts to 2644 km2. Summarized glacier areas in these basins and annual runoff were equal, respectively, to: 306.6 km2 and 39.05 km3in 1946–1975, and 253.0 km2 and 38.35 km3 in 1975–2005. In 1946–2005, typical features of regional glaciation dynamics were increasing area of the moraine cover on glaciers and reducing area of bare ice that results in decreasing of the glacial runoff volume, all other factors being the same. The method to calculate the WB components consists of the following constituents: model of seasonal runoff from melted snow and ice in the areas of accumulation and ablation of glaciers; complex of formulas to calculate precipitation, air temperature and humidity, intensity of ice melting under the moraine, bare ice and evaporation within the height intervals corresponding to the main types of surfaces on the glaciers. On the basis of our method, we could reconstruct for the 1876–2015 period long‑term series of data on a runoff, separately annual values and sums for the vegetation periods. They can be used for regional scientific and applied analyses of the river stream discharges. The data on runoff in the Malaya Almatinka River basin and observational data on the meteorological station Almaty (Hydrometeorological Observatory) had been quantitatively substantiated as the representative information for modeling and calculation of water resources on the Northern slope of the Zailiisky Alatau Range.
Fluctuations of glaciers of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes in the 20th –21st centuries
Authors: Muraviev A. Ya. , Muraviev Ya. D. 
Published: April 2019

Changes in sizes of the Klyuchevskaya volcanic group's glaciers had been estimated for the period from 1949–1950 to 2010–2015 using results of analysis of current satellite imagery, data of field observations and historic records. Changes in front positions for some glaciers were analyzed for different periods of time. According to results of comparison between our data and similar ones from the Glacier Inventory the glacier areas decreased by 0.7%. Calculations made with corrected data demonstrated the total increase of the glaciation area by 4.3%. Glaciation of the Klyuchevskoy volcano is characterized by dynamic instability and significant changeability. The Erman glacier, the largest one in this region, did constantly advance since 1945. In 1949‑2015, its area at the front increased by 4.96±0.39 km2, while the front advanced along the valley of the Sukhaya River by approximately 3675±15 m and by 3480±20 m along the valley of the Krutenkaya River. A number of «wandering glaciers» located on the North‑Eastern and Eastern slopes of the volcano, on the contrary, significantly reduced their areas. At the same time, formation of new flows of ice is noticed within the «ice belt». Under the influence of active volcanic processes, the configuration of glacier boundaries on the slopes of Klyuchevskoy volcano does actively change in not only the tongue areas but also in the accumulation areas. Changes in dynamics of the glaciation areas of the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes don’t correspond to the present‑day climate changes. The interaction of modern volcanism and glaciation in the area as a whole is conducive to the preservation and development of glaciers, despite the deterioration of climatic conditions of their existence.
The calculation of desalination of mineralized porous ice at thawing
Authors: Sosnovsky A. V. , Kontorovich I. I. 
Published: April 2019

The results obtained in this work demonstrate that dynamics of desalination of porous ice depends on a mobility of ions of salts, and the mobility is determined by the diffusion coefficient. The ice was made by freezing of mineralized water of different chemical composition. Model calculations of average mineralization of the porous ice at its thawing were made, and the ion concentrations of different salts were defined. Values of the diffusion coefficients of the salt ions in the film of brine ice pellets were obtained by means of comparison of results of measurements and calculations of dynamics of content of the salt ions in a porous ice at its thawing. The diffusion coefficient of ions Na+, Cl−, SO4 2− is by order of magnitude larger than that of Ca2+ and by two orders of magnitudethan HCO3 −. This results in that the content of ions Na+, Cl−, SO42− decreases in porous ice at its thawing 3 times faster than the content of the ions Ca2+. Basing on analysis of chemical composition of drainage water in some regions in Russia a possibility to desalinate the porous ice formed during the winter sprinkling is demonstrated.
A estrutura do noema e a dupla concepção do objeto intencional em Husserl
Authors: Tourinho Carlos Cortes 
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo aborda a especificidade do vivido intencional e a sua relação com as sensações não intencionais. Em seguida, examina a relação entre a noese e o noema, além de analisar a estrutura completa do noema. Mostra que o objeto intencional oscila entre o caráter imanente do noema e o que transcende o próprio noema. Ele traz como conclusão, então, que a análise da estrutura completa do noema evidencia uma dupla concepção do objeto intencional na subjetividade transcendental.
A construção interpessoal do sentido moral de verdade: considerações sobre a filosofia do jovem Nietzsche
Authors: Muniz Garcia André Luis 
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo busca apresentar a perspectiva do jovem Nietzsche em Verdade e mentira em sentido extramoral, segundo a qual o sentido moral de verdade é construído a partir de convencionalização e regulamentação das práticas e dos usos (outrora arbitrários) dossignos linguísticos. Para cumprir essa tarefa, pretende-se dividir o texto em três argumentos principais: (i) Nietzsche e o estatuto da linguagem natural para o pensamento filosófico: metáfora como fator subjetivo da significação, (ii) uso e significação: a construção interpessoal do sentido moral de verdade e (iii) o que é moral no registro do simples pensar?
Poder e limites da razão em Agostinho
Authors: Sérvulo da Cunha Mariana Paolozzi 
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo, focalizamos o poder e os limites da razão em Agostinho, perguntando-nos como a razão, interrogando-se sobre si e sobre o que é o ser humano, revela simultaneamente o conhecimento e a ignorância de si. Embora para Agostinho a razão seja o que possuímos de mais elevado, o que nos diferencia dos animais, e o que, juntamente com a memória e a vontade/amor, nos torna semelhantes a Deus,ela não basta à compreensão da realidade e sequer compreende-se totalmente. Para examinar o alcance e os limites da razão (e, em última análise, a superação de si) no pensamento de Agostinho, partimos do “Quaestio mihi factus sum” (“Tornei-me para mim mesmo umainterrogação”, Confessiones X, xxxiii, 50) e seguimos algumas etapas de sua metafísica da experiência interior. Argumentamos que, paraAgostinho, o ser humano em seu autoconhecimento é como que incessantemente retirado de si e reapresentado a si mesmo, em uma espécie de esconde-esconde da consciência de si: ele vê e não vê a si mesmo, compreende algo, mas não tudo de si. A potência e aslimitações da razão, quando analisadas sob a ótica do conhecimento de si, podem ser compreendidas à luz da relação consciência/inconsciência de si e do papel da memória.
Two new species and new records of Platystele (Pleurothallidinae: Orchidaceae) from Los Cedros Reserve in Ecuador
Authors: Baquero R. Luis E. , Verkovitch Denisse Galarza 
Published: April 2019

Two new species of Platystele were discovered at the orchid-rich forest of Los Cedros Reserve at North-west Ecuador. Many species of orchids grow in these forests and some endemic to it. Platystele cedriensis is similar to P. rhinocera from which it differs in the horizontal to descending inflorescence and the three-veined dorsal sepal. Platystele decouxii presents flowers with a unique heart-shaped lip with a heart-shape depression in the blade of the lip. We warn that on-going mining activities and concessions put in risk these and other endemic species from Los Cedros Reserve.
Key words: Carchi, Orchidaceae, Platystele cedriensis, Platystele decouxii, sympatric species
Академик Ф. И. Буслаев и его «Историческая христоматия церковнославянского и древнерусского языков»
Authors: НИКИТИН О. В. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
An analytical overview of the famous work by F. Buslaev “A Historical Anthology of Church Slavonic and Old Russian” is offered. The facts of its creation are given. The structure and the content of the work are considered. Its role in the formation of the professional culture of philologists and its influence on the subsequent tradition of the preparation of historical and linguistic textbooks is noted. Special emphasis is placed on the scientific value of the first complete textbook of historical written documents and the tradition that was developed after Buslaev’s publication.
Фразеологічні інновації української мови в медіалінгвістичному висвітленні*
Authors: СИЗОНОВ ДМИТРО 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on interpretations of the term phraseological innovations or new phraseology. According to international stylistics, the latter are considered fixed linguistic units of idiomatic nature. The author presents the main conceptions of research targeting new phraseological units, and reviews the main sources of origin of new phraseological constructs, particularly those which are related to mass media. Conditions of functioning of new media phraseological units as sociopolitical, ethnographic, cultural, and educational markers are also considered. New phraseological constructs are analyzed in the scope of functional, stylistic, cognitive, and psycholinguistic aspects, which proves the topicality of this field of linguistic research. Particular focus is made on extralingual and intralingual factors causing creation of new phraseological units. Conditions stimulating wider use of phraseology in the mass media and its influence on Ukrainian language evolution are investigated in the paper.
Verb forms / constructions in the Prešov variant and the Bačka-Srem variant of the Rusyn language*
Authors: Fejsa Mihajlo P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
There are four variants of the Rusyn language: the Bačka-Srem variant (in Serbia and in Croatia), the Prešov variant (in Slovakia), the Lemko variant (in Poland), and the Transcarpathian variant (in Ukraine). The author of this paper compares the verb forms /constructions in the Bačka-Srem variant of the Rusyn language (South Rusyn / Ruthenian; руски язик) and the Prešov variant of the Rusyn language (West Rusyn; русински язик) and determines the similarities and differences between them. The work essentially represents one of the rare comparisons of a language segment of the existing Rusyn language variants and the author pleads for comparing other language segments too, including the respective language segments of the Lemko variant and the Transcarpathian variant, which could lead to a wider comparative project on an international level. The comparison of the verb forms / constructions in the Bačka-Srem and the Prešov literary standard is based on contemporary grammars.
Повесть Гоголя «Вий» и метасюжет о Медее (Еврипид, Сенека, Ахматова)
Authors: ШУЛЬЦ СЕРГЕЙ 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, Gogol’s story Vij is considered in the context of the metaplot about Medea (see Euripides and Seneca). The connection between the metaplot for Gogol and the Renaissance context is shown. For the sake of comparison, Akhmatova’s version of the Medea myth is also involved.
Метафорическая экспликация концепта «Америка» в когнитивном контексте Г. Д. Гребенщикова
Authors: Seliverstova Zhanna , Zhunussova Zhanyl 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, the peculiarities of G. Grebenshchikov’s American text are analyzed from a theoretical point of view and metaphor is considered as a cognitive mechanism. The authors’ metaphoric models serve as a key for understanding the writer’s intention and help to overcome the difficulties of perception of the writer’s text. The metaphors “America – Mechanism” and “America – Organism” are revealed and compared. Grebenshchikov’s conceptual blend “American Babylon” is reconstructed. The research was carried out on the basis of archive documents from the writer’s personal materials.
Ungarische bezüge in der Prager Zeitschrift Ost und West (1837–1848)
Authors: Rózsa Mária 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The German cultural periodical Ost und West was published in Prague between 1 July 1837 and 10 June 1848. The goal of its editor, the librarian Rudolf Glaser was the mediation between East and West from Austria, Germany, Russia, and the Balkan countries. A lot of articles were published on Czech, Moravian, Russian, and Polish literature, but the culture of other countries was also mentioned in the form of novels, dramas, poems, travelogues, and other genres about regional matters, music, theatre, etc. Its target readers were the educated bourgeoisie of the age. The literary contributions in Ost und West were submitted by authors. Czech folk poetry played a special role among the subjects. Every now and then, Hungarian authors’ works were included (e.g. Pál Jámbor’s poem and Károly Kisfaludy’s novel) in German translation. Karl Georg Rumy, the enthusiastic collaborator of many German-language papers of the Central European region and a zealous propagator of Hungarian literature sent reports to the journal on several occasions. The reviews of the young Frigyes Szarvady also appeared in Ost und West. Julian Chownitz, among others, reported on local curiosities.
Das toponymische Erbe der Habsburgermonarchie in Galizien
Authors: WŁOSKOWICZ WOJCIECH 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the influence of the Habsburg topographic surveys and cartography on the toponymic landscape of the former crown land of Galicia. Publicly available maps have had a great impact on the geographical names used both by locals and non-locals. The Habsburg toponymic policy was characterized by non-Germanisation of already existing Galician toponyms. The Habsburg toponymic heritage is therefore of double nature: 1) forms of toponyms popularized by Austro-Hungarian maps (especially by Spezialkarte) influenced a wide toponymic usus as well as the toponymy of the later maps (especially interwar-Polish military maps) – these popularized forms may have differed from the names used by the local communities, which could have been caused by a surveyor’s mistake; 2) the topographic and cartographic materials produced by the Austro-Hungarian institutions are a valuable source for toponomastic research. In the paper, the Austro-Hungarian and interwar-Polish topographic manuals are analysed. These documents defined the way a surveyor had to collect and process geographical names. The examples and possible causes of some Polonized forms occurring in Spezialkarte are discussed. Next, the influence of the Austrian maps on the toponymy of Polish maps is explained. Finally, hilarious examples of cartographic name-copying are given.
A contrastive analysis of Hungarian and Croatian idioms containing the component head
Authors: PAŠKVAN NINA SPICIJARIĆ 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes selected examples of idioms containing the component head in Croatian and Hungarian. Despite the fact that Hungarian and Croatian are not cognate languages, due to the universal experiences and to the fact that they belong to a common cultural circle, these languages have a large correspondence in their phraseology, which can be seen in somatic idioms as body parts represent a kind of universality. The aim of this paper is to show similarities and differences in lexical content and meaning of Croatian and Hungarian idioms containing the component head. The motivational basis of idioms is also discussed as well as the influence of basic and transferred meanings of the lexeme head on the meaning of idioms.
Diferencia en campo: prácticas económicas y Amefricanidade de las Baianas de Acarajé contra FIFA
Authors: Da Silva Araujo Larissa 
Published: April 2019

Propósito: el artículo presenta algunas reflexiones resultantes de una investigación sobre la disputa entre Baianas de Acarajé en contra de la FIFA, organismo rector del futbol mundial. Descripción: con la realización del Mundial de Fútbol de la FIFA en 2014, se implementó en Brasil el “modelo de desarrollo por mega eventos”, que resultó en la violación de derechos humanos de muchos brasileros, entre ellos las Baianas de Acarajé. Esas mujeres, trabajadoras callejeras que fueron impedidas de trabajar en las llamadas “zonas de exclusión de la FIFA”, resistieran para que su oficio, actividad realizada hace siglos, fuera respetado como forma económica autónoma. Punto de vista: en ese sentido, para desafiar al frente estatal-empresarial que se estableció en el país, realizaron varias estrategias de lucha que fueron de la negociación a la acción directa. Conclusiones: a partir de los hallazgos de la investigación en campo, según una perspectiva interseccional y descolonial, presento algunos aspectos de esa disputa y las características de la racionalidad económica de las Baianas de Acarajé.
La educación en Colombia: dinámica del mercado y la globalización
Authors: Rubiano - Aldana Diego Alejandro , Beltrán - Jiménez Harold 
Published: April 2019

Propósito: este artículo tiene como propósito presentar una reflexión y construir una interpretación desde la perspectiva del paradigma hermenéutico histórico para generar procesos de comprensión sobre el fenómeno social de la mercantilización de la educación. Descripción: desde el año de 1991, con la reforma constitucional, la educación en Colombia se reconoce como derecho fundamental. Sin embargo, este proceso estuvo acompañado por la llegada de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, en donde la educación e-learning en conjunto con el sistema de franquicias conformó un modelo de negocio que se sitúa en el mercado educativo del país como alternativa y estrategia para el desarrollo económico. Punto de vista: esta relación termina incidiendo en la garantía del derecho a la educación al vincular el acceso y su calidad a las posibilidades económicas. Conclusiones: en Colombia se sigue asumiendo el proyecto educativo del país desde la coyuntura. La planeación a mediano y largo plazo no hace parte de una política pública coherente, porque siempre hay otras prioridades en la asignación presupuestal. Esto en un país inequitativo como Colombia implica convertir la educación en un factor que incrementa la desigualdad y no en lo que debería ser: un factor de equidad.
El observatorio, una herramienta para el sector social, cooperativo y solidario en la región Tolima
Authors: Rivera - González Miguel Ángel , Rubiano - Aranzales Edicson 
Published: April 2019

Propósito: el presente estudio consiste en dar cuenta sobre un observatorio como herramienta al sector social, cooperativo y solidario en el departamento del Tolima. Descripción: el observatorio como una herramienta para el sector social, cooperativo y solidario se crea teniendo en cuenta que la región Tolima goza de organizaciones que desarrollan fines de beneficio colectivo o social, y su único propósito es el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de sus cooperados o el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las comunidades, las cuales sustentan la creación del observatorio para que propenda por procesos continuos en educación, formación, asistencia técnica e investigación y así contar con mejores estándares de cohesión, integración, articulación, visibilización, productividad, competitividad, innovación y emprendimiento. Punto de vista: la ausencia de información para tomar decisiones y generar acciones colectivas es una de las aristas que impide reconocer el quehacer de las organizaciones en el medio y en el entorno. Conclusiones: si bien es cierto que un observatorio tiene muchas características, es necesario pensarlo en red, en la que el trabajo colaborativo sea el eje fundamental de la construcción desde aspectos como la multiculturalidad, y la multidisciplinariedad.