bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility, classification and potential clinical impact of non-invasive delineation of abdominal lymphatic vessels in patients following TCPC with T2 weighted MRI
Authors: Hanser Anja , Hofbeck Michael , Hofmeister Melanie , Martirosian Petros , Hornung Andreas , Esser Michael , Schick Fritz , Küstner Thomas , Kaulitz Renate , Michel Jörg , Nikolaou Konstantin , Schäfer Jürgen , Schlensak Christian , Baden Winfried , Nordmeyer Johannes , Sieverding Ludger 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent research in patients with functionally univentricular hearts (UVH) is focusing on pathologies of the lymphatic vessels. Morphology of the abdominal lymphatic vessels was analyzed by MRI in patients with UVH following total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) and it was examined, if clinical and laboratory parameters correlate with changes after TCPC. We prospectively examined 33 patients at the age of 19.8 (14.6;30.2) years [median (Q1;Q3)] after TCPC (follow-up 14.3 years (9.7;24.9) with a heavily T2-weighted MRI sequence on a 3.0 T scanner. Examinations in coronal orientation were performed with respiratory gating, slice thickness 0.6 mm, TR 2400 ms, TE 692 ms, FoV 460 mm (covering thoracic and abdominal regions), scan time 14:41 min (13:18;16:30) after a solid meal and a cup of pineapple juice. The findings were classified according to delineation of abdominal lymphatic vessels. Type 1: <3 abdominal vessels (av) definable; type 2: 4–6 av definable; type 3: >6 av and/or oedematous changes or ascites. The results were correlated with parameters obtained at the annual routine check-up. Statistical analysis was performed using U-test and Chi-square test. Fifteen patients (group 1) showed type 3 lymphatic morphologies, two of which had ascites. Eighteen patients (group 2) showed lower grade morphologies (type 1–2). Image quality was rated considering the delineation of the common hepatic duct and did not differ between groups (p = 0.134). “Lymphatic burden” was automatically examined and was indexed to the number of delineated abdominal vessels and showed quantification according to the chosen categories type 1–3. Patients in group 1 were younger at MRI examination (17.4;14.3/18.9 vs. 26.2;18.2/32.3 years, p = 0.03). Superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) had been performed earlier in group 1 (9.9;7.9/25.5 vs. 29.2;13.7/66.6 months, p = 0.018). Laboratory examinations in group 1 showed lower levels for Immunoglobulin G (IgG), Lipase, α-Antitrypsin, Cystatin C and TSH. There were no significant differences for total protein, NTproBNP, lymphocytes or platelets. A history of chylothorax was present in 7/15 versus 2/18 p = 0.022. Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) occurred in 4/15 versus 1/18 (p = 0.092). T2 weighted MRI is feasible for noninvasive delineation of abdominal lymphatic vessel in patients following TCPC. In the long-term follow-up, patients with more pronounced changes of the abdominal lymphatic vessels were younger at SCPC and were more likely to show a history of chylothorax and lower IgG values.
Spatial profiling of the mouse colonic immune landscape associated with colitis and sex
Authors: Holm Matilda , Stepanauskaitė Lina , Bäckström Anna , Birgersson Madeleine , Socciarelli Fabio , Archer Amena , Stadler Charlotte , Williams Cecilia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInflammatory intestinal conditions are a major disease burden. Numerous factors shape the distribution of immune cells in the colon, but a spatial characterization of the homeostatic and inflamed colonic immune microenvironment is lacking. Here, we use the COMET platform for multiplex immunofluorescence to profile the infiltration of nine immune cell populations in mice of both sexes (N = 16) with full spatial context, including in regions of squamous metaplasia. Unsupervised clustering, neighborhood analysis, and manual quantification along the proximal-distal axis characterized the colonic immune landscape, quantified cell-cell interactions, and revealed sex differences. The distal colon was the most affected region during colitis, which was pronounced in males, who exhibited a sex-dependent increase of B cells and reduction of M2-like macrophages. Regions of squamous metaplasia exhibited strong infiltration of numerous immune cell populations, especially in males. Females exhibited more helper T cells and neutrophils at homeostasis and increased M2-like macrophage infiltration in the mid-colon upon colitis. Sex differences were corroborated by plasma cytokine profiles. Our results provide a foundation for future studies of inflammatory intestinal conditions.
Heterochromatin-dependent transcription links the PRC2 complex to small RNA-mediated DNA elimination
Authors: Solberg Therese , Wang Chundi , Matsubara Ryuma , Wen Zhiwei , Nowacki Mariusz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFacultative heterochromatin is marked by the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 in eukaryotes. Deposited by the PRC2 complex, H3K27me3 is essential for regulating gene expression during development, and chromatin bearing this mark is generally considered transcriptionally inert. The PRC2 complex has also been linked to programmed DNA elimination during development in ciliates such as Paramecium. Due to a lack of mechanistic insight, a direct involvement has been questioned as most eliminated DNA segments in Paramecium are shorter than the size of a nucleosome. Here, we identify two sets of histone methylation readers essential for PRC2-mediated DNA elimination in Paramecium: Firefly1/2 and Mayfly1-4. The chromodomain proteins Firefly1/2 act in tight association with TFIIS4, a transcription elongation factor required for noncoding RNA transcription. These noncoding transcripts act as scaffolds for sequence-specific targeting by PIWI-bound sRNAs, resulting in local nucleosome depletion and DNA elimination. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of PRC2 in PIWI-mediated DNA elimination and suggest that its role in IES elimination may be to activate rather than repress transcription.
Robust by design: Designing ICT infrastructures using Twins
Authors: Baiardi Fabrizio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRobust‐by‐design (RbD) is a design strategy that uses adversary emulation to strengthen the security of an information and communication infrastructure. It relies on two key components: the security twin and the threat actor twins. The security twin is a detailed database that outlines the different parts of the infrastructure, how they are connected, and their vulnerabilities. It also highlights the types of attacks each part could enable. On the other hand, the twin of a threat actor describes its potential attack surface, the attacks it can carry out, its strategy, and its ultimate goal, if any. This information comes from threat intelligence. RbD conducts independent simulations of various threat actors against the security twin to identify all possible attack paths they could exploit. Three types of analysis use this information to improve the robustness and resilience of the infrastructure. The first analysis fills in the gaps in threat intelligence by extending information on threat actors and vulnerabilities. The second analysis focuses on selecting countermeasures aimed at eliminating attack paths or at least reducing their chances of success. Possible countermeasures include patching vulnerabilities, adjusting firewall rules, and implementing network segmentation. Information on attack paths guides the choice and configuration of these countermeasures. Once the infrastructure twin is updated to reflect countermeasure deployment, RbD performs further simulations to uncover any new attack paths that could be exploited and to identify additional countermeasures. The final analysis seeks to address the risks associated with any remaining unaddressed attack paths.
Calibration‐Jitter: Augmentation of hyperspectral data for improved surgical scene segmentation
Authors: Roddan Alfie , Czempiel Tobias , Elson Daniel S. , Giannarou Stamatia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSemantic surgical scene segmentation is crucial for accurately identifying and delineating different tissue types during surgery, enhancing outcomes and reducing complications. Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed information beyond visible color filters, offering an enhanced view of tissue characteristics. Combined with machine learning, it supports critical tumor resection decisions. Traditional augmentations fail to effectively train machine learning models on illumination and sensor sensitivity variations. Learning to handle these variations is crucial to enable models to better generalize, ultimately enhancing their reliability in deployment. In this article, Calibration‐Jitter is introduced, a spectral augmentation technique that leverages hyperspectral calibration variations to improve predictive performance. Evaluated on scene segmentation on a neurosurgical dataset, Calibration‐Jitter achieved a F1‐score of 74.35% with SegFormer, surpassing the previous best of 70.2%. This advancement addresses limitations of traditional augmentations, improving hyperspectral imaging segmentation performance.
PLGA‐PEG‐c(RGDfK)‐Kushenol E Micelles With a Therapeutic Potential for Targeting Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Xue , Wan Haopeng , Lu Lijuan , Li Ran , Sun Bo , Ren Juan 
Published: November 2024

Background: As a naturally derived inhibitor of autophagy, Kushenol E (KE) is a biprenylated flavonoid and is isolated from Sophora flavescens, which has been used for the treatment of cancer, hepatitis, and skin diseases. However, KE, as a poorly soluble drug, exhibited strong autophagy regulating activity in in vitro cancer cell lines, but no related studies have reported its antiovarian cancer property. Therefore, it is very beneficial to enhance the antineoplastic properties of KE by establishing an ovarian tumor‐targeting nanoparticle system modified with tumor‐homing c(RGDfK) peptides.Materials and Methods: In the current study, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified with cyclic RGDfK peptide (PLGA‐PEG‐c(RGDfK))‐KE micelles (PPCKM) were prepared to overcome the poor water solubility of KE to meet the requirement of tumor‐active targeting. The effect of PPCKM on ovarian cancer was evaluated on SKOV‐3 cells and xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice.Results: The PPCKM showed a higher drug cumulative release ratio (82.16 ± 7.69% vs. 34.96 ± 3.05%, at 1.5 h) with good morphology, particle size (93.41 ± 2.84 nm), and entrapment efficiency (89.7% ± 1.3%). The cell viability, migration, and apoptosis analysis of SKOV‐3 cells demonstrated that PPCKM retained potent antitumor effects and promoted apoptosis at early and advanced stages with concentration‐dependent. Based on the establishment of xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice, we discovered that PPCKM reduced tumor volume and weight, inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 expression, as well as promoted apoptosis by targeting the tumor site.Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that PPCKM may serve as an effective therapeutic option for ovarian cancer.
Retrieving wind properties from the ultra-hot dayside of WASP-189 b with CRIRES+
Authors: Lesjak F. , Nortmann L. , Cont D. , Yan F. , Reiners A. , Piskunov N. , Hatzes A. , Boldt-Christmas L. , Czesla S. , Lavail A. , Nagel E. , Rains A. D. , Rengel M. , Seemann U. , Shulyak D. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The extreme temperature gradients from day- to nightside in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters generate fast winds in the form of equatorial jets or day-to-night flows. Observations of blue-shifted and red-shifted signals in the transmission and dayside spectra of WASP-189 b have sparked discussions about the nature of winds on this planet.
Aims. To investigate the structure of winds in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b, we studied its dayside emission spectrum with CRIRES+ in the spectral K band.
Methods. After removing stellar and telluric lines, we used the cross-correlation method to search for a range of molecules and detected emission signals of CO and Fe. Subsequently, we employed a Bayesian framework to retrieve the atmospheric parameters relating to the temperature–pressure structure and chemistry, and incorporated a numerical model of the line profile influenced by various dynamic effects to determine the wind structure.
Results. The cross-correlation signals of CO and Fe showed a velocity offset of ~6 km s−1, which could be caused by a fast day-tonight wind in the atmosphere of WASP-189 b. The atmospheric retrieval showed that the line profile of the observed spectra is best fitted by the presence of a day-to-night wind of 4.4−2.2+1.8 km s−1, while the retrieved equatorial jet velocity of 1.0−1.8+0.9 km s−1 is consistent with the absence of such a jet. Such a wind pattern is consistent with the observed line broadening and can explain the majority of the velocity offset, while uncertainties in the ephemerides and the effects of a hot spot could also contribute to this offset. We further retrieved an inverted temperature-pressure profile, and under the assumption of equilibrium chemistry we retrieved a C/O ratio of 0.32−0.14+0.41 and a metallicity of M/H = 1.40−0.60+1.39.
Conclusions. We showed that red-shifts of a few km s−1 in the dayside spectra could be explained by day-to-night winds. Further studies combining transmission and dayside observations could advance our understanding of WASP-189 b’s atmospheric circulation by improving the uncertainties in the velocity offset and wind parameters.
Areas of improvement for colorectal cancer screening: Results of a screening initiative for 10,000 health care employees in Austria
Authors: Prosenz Julian , Österreicher Zoe Anne , Koutny Florian , Asaturi Arno , Birkl Moira , Hanke Rosanna , Ferlitsch Monika , Maieron Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Participation in and quality of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening varies greatly and it is unclear how much of CRC screening guideline quality metrics reach patients. The aims of this prospective observational study were to provide data from everyday practice in Austria.
Patients and methods All employees aged ≥ 50 years were invited and received a stool-based-test (FIT (cut-off 25 mcg Hb/g) and M2PK), which could be dropped off at the workplace. All individuals with positive tests were called and offered a colonoscopy near their workplace/home in ≤ 3 weeks performed by unselected endoscopists. Non-attendees received email and telephone reminders.
Results Of 10,239 eligible employees (2706 males, 7533 females), 2390 (23%) (plus 673 < 50 years) median age 53 (interquartile range 50;56) participated in the stool-based screening (18% males, 25% females). Of 3063 tests, 747 (24%) were positive. The follow-up rate for 616 individuals who accepted or eventually underwent colonoscopy was 84% (n = 517). The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 20.5% (31% in men, 17% in women) and varied substantially, ranging from 15% in hospitals (excluding the study center) to 18.5% among office-based endoscopists, and up to 36% in the study center. Most European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-recommended performance indicators were unmet, including the polyp detection rate (PDR), ADR, reporting of polyp characteristics, and bowel preparation adequacy.
Conclusions There is a serious gap between recommended standards and real-world CRC screening colonoscopy quality. Implementation of CRC screening should not only be accompanied by strategies to increase participation rates but focus on implementation of rigorous, mandatory colonoscopy quality assurance programs.
Flat Oral Glucose Tolerance Test during Pregnancy and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Tarashandegan Danit , Naeh Amir , Hallak Mordechai , Toledano Yoel , Gabbay-Benziv Rinat , Maor-Sagie Esther 
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with flat response in the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed during pregnancy in a large cohort of women with up to 5 years of follow-up.
Study Design A retrospective analysis of women with documented OGTT during pregnancy and T2DM data up to 5 years after pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was done by a two-step strategy. Glucose levels during pregnancy were extracted from the computerized laboratory system of Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and cross-tabulated with the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Flat OGTT was defined as fasting glucose <95 mg/dl and three postprandial values lower than 100 mg/dl. The cohort was stratified by OGTT results to normal glucose values, flat OGTT, and GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan thresholds. Cumulative risk for T2DM was evaluated and compared between groups. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis followed by survival analysis.
Results A total of 14,122 parturients entered the analysis. Of them, 965 (6.8%) had flat OGTT, 11,427 (80.9%) had normal OGTT, and 1,730 (12.3%) had GDM. Women with flat OGTT were younger, had lower body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), and had lower rates of hypertension. Their glucose values throughout pregnancy were lower compared with the other groups (p < 0.001 for all). During the study period and following adjustment to maternal age, obesity, and hypertension, women with flat OGTT had a low incidence of T2DM, even when compared with women with normal OGTT (adjusted hazard ratio 0.212, 95% confidence interval 0.052–0.856).
Conclusion Parturients with flat OGTT during pregnancy are at a low risk of developing T2DM up to 5 years following pregnancy.
Key Points
Synthesis of Isatins via Oxone®/TBAI-Mediated On-Water Oxidation of Indoles
Authors: Sawant Sanghapal D. , Khajuria Pratiksha , Bag Debojyoti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIsatins and their derivatives are important scaffolds in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, bioactive compounds, and functional materials. Herein we describe a new strategy for the synthesis of isatins from indoles via Oxone®/TBAI-mediated oxidative dearomatization of indoles in water. The strategy works well with a variety of N-protected indoles and azaindoles.
Reductive Synthesis of Azoxypyridines from Nitropyridines Using Hydroxides in Alcoholic Media
Authors: Bernardi Luca , Caruana Lorenzo , Pistilli Dalila , Bussolari Alessio , Toderi Edoardo , Nalin Arnaldo , Osti Sergio , Fontana Francesco , Paio Alfredo , Santarelli Nicolò , Fochi Mariafrancesca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe partial reduction of nitroarenes with hydroxides in alcoholic media is a venerable yet very direct approach to the synthesis of symmetrical azoxyarenes. Herein, the first application of this method to nitropyridines is disclosed, presenting its adaptation with these challenging but important substrates.
Prevention of Aspiration: Oral Care, Antibiotics, Others
Authors: Perticone Maria Eugenia , Manti Ariel , Luna Carlos M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPatients with aspiration pneumonia often develop this lung infection due to poor oral health or because the contents of the digestive tract or upper airway enter the lower airway traversing the larynx through different mechanisms. Prevention of this condition is directed at the mechanism by which it occurs. The elderly are the most likely to suffer from aspiration pneumonia, occasionally due to issues related to poor dental health, but more frequently due to abnormal swallowing, which may appear after a stroke, a functional impairment related to aging, or may be part of a specific disease such as Parkinson's disease or some other nervous system condition. People with dysphagia complicated by pneumonia have limited feeding and become debilitated, and aspiration pneumonia in these individuals has a high mortality rate at 90 days. Dietary modifications, assistance with feeding, use of postures that facilitate a normal deglutition, rehabilitation, and use of medications to improve swallowing defects are the tools of medicine to overcome the obstacles to swallowing normally and prevent the development of aspiration pneumonia and its consequences.
Patient-Reported Outcomes after Surgery for Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis in the Knee: A Cohort Study
Authors: Lashgari Ryan J. , Chen Bruce W. , Ventimiglia Dominic J. , Henry Leah E. , Kolevar Matthew P. , Leong Natalie L. , Meredith Sean J. , Packer Jonathan D. , Henn R. Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare neoplastic proliferation of large joints, including the knee, with both localized PVNS (LPVNS) and diffuse PVNS (DPVNS) types. DPVNS is known to recur at a higher rate following resection; however, there is little evidence comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between the two types. The purpose of this study was to compare PROs between patients with LPVNS and DPVNS involving the knee 2 years after surgical resection. We hypothesized that DPVNS would have worse 2-year PROs than LPVNS.Sixteen patients who underwent arthroscopic resection of pathology-confirmed PVNS involving the knee were enrolled in a prospective registry. Several PROs, including six Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domains and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, were assessed at baseline and at 2 years postoperatively. Mean scores between LPVNS and DPVNS groups were compared using a Wilcoxon exact test, while categorical variables were compared using a Fisher's exact test.Eleven patients (seven LPVNS and four DPVNS) completed both the baseline and 2-year PRO surveys. There were no significant differences in the demographic variables between groups, including age, body mass index, or prior surgical history (p < 0.05). There was a trend toward higher mean PRO scores in the DPVNS group at 2 years postoperatively in all measures, despite lower reported baseline levels of activity as measured by Marx Activity Rating Scale (26.3 vs. 76.7, p = 0.02). The DPVNS group also trended toward more improvement in PROMIS Physical Function (9.7 vs. −2.7), PROMIS Pain Interference (−9.0 vs. −2.5), PROMIS Anxiety (−5.4 vs. −4.4), and IKDC (26.7 vs. 18.9). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p < 0.05). There were two recurrences in the DPVNS group and none in the LPVNS group.Patients with knee DPVNS do not report worse outcomes 2 years after arthroscopic resection compared with LPVNS patients.
Rhizomatic Chineseness and its postmodern implications for interepistemic translation
studies
Authors: Sun Xiaorui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper draws on the conception of rhizome in Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus:
Capitalism and Schizophrenia ([1980] 1987), to (re)define Chineseness as a cultural phenomenon of identification in a
postmodern assemblage. The author argues that the postmodern reading of (diasporic) Chineseness is rhizomatic without an authentic
arboreal essence. The conclusions will be borne on Douglas Robinson’s theoretical explorations of interepistemic translation
between China and the West, based on the premise that transculturation and enculturation can be seen as a process of
interepistemic translation with translationality at their core.