bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of three‐dimensional laryngostroboscopy for office‐based laryngeal diagnostics and phonosurgical therapy
Authors: Caffier Philipp P. , Nawka Tadeus , Ibrahim‐Nasr Ahmed , Thomas Björn , Müller Holger , Ko Seo‐Rin , Song Wen , Gross Manfred , Weikert Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo develop a three‐dimensional (3D) laryngostroboscopic examination unit, compare the optic playback quality in relation to established 2D procedures, and report the first case series using 3D rigid laryngostroboscopy for diagnosis and management of laryngotracheal diseases.Study DesignLaboratory study, prospective case series.MethodsThe optical efficacy of newly developed rigid 3D endoscopes was examined in a laboratory setting. Diagnostic suitability was investigated in 100 subjects (50 male, 50 female) receiving 2D high‐definition (HD) and 3D laryngostroboscopy. Two of the subjects subsequently underwent 3D‐assisted office‐based transoral phonosurgery under local anesthesia. Main outcome measures were comparative visualization of laryngotracheal pathologies, influence on preoperative planning, and evaluation of prognostic factors for the outcome of phonosurgical interventions.ResultsThree‐dimensional endostroboscopic procedures were effectively optimized to establish an examination protocol for all‐day clinical use. Office‐based 3D laryngostroboscopy was successfully applied in subjects with normal anatomy (n = 10) and various laryngotracheal findings (n = 90). In comparison to 2D HD videolaryngostroboscopy, the 3D view offered enhanced visualization of laryngotracheal anatomy, with qualitatively improved depth perception and spatial representation. In organic pathologies, this resulted in a more precise indication of phonosurgical procedures, increased accuracy in surgical planning, facilitated office‐based endoscopic surgery, and better evaluation of prognostic factors for the outcome of phonosurgical interventions.ConclusionThree‐dimensional laryngostroboscopy proved to increase the understanding of functional and surgical anatomy. Its application has enormous potential for improving the diagnostic value of laryngoscopy, surgical precision in laryngotracheal interventions, tissue preservation, and methods of teaching.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 128:2823–2831, 2018
Frailty in geriatric head and neck cancer: A contemporary review
Authors: Noor Anthony , Gibb Catherine , Boase Sam , Hodge John‐Charles , Krishnan Suren , Foreman Andrew 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo provide a summary of the current frailty literature relating to head and neck cancer.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed from 2000 to 2017 using key words frailty, elderly, geriatric, surgery, otolaryngology, head and neck cancer.ResultsThe aging population has led to an increased diagnosis of head and neck cancer in elderly patients. The prevalence of comorbidities, disabilities, geriatric syndromes and social issues can make treatment planning and management in this population challenging. Chronological age alone may not be the optimal approach to guiding treatment decisions, as there is marked heterogeneity amongst this age group. Individualization of treatment can be achieved by assessing for the presence of frailty, which has growing evidence as an important marker of health status in geriatric oncology. Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome characterized by a state of increased vulnerability to stressors and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and treatment toxicity. Screening for frailty may provide an efficient method to identify those who would benefit from further assessment or pretreatment optimization, and to provide prognostic information to assist clinicians and patients in formulating the most ideal treatment plan for the elderly individual with head and neck cancer.ConclusionsFrailty has emerged as an important concept in geriatric oncology, with wide significance in head and neck cancer. Incorporating frailty assessments into clinical practice may provide otolaryngologists pertinent information regarding health status and outcomes leading to optimal care of the elderly cancer patient. Laryngoscope, 128:E416–E424, 2018
Age‐related differences in olfactory cleft volume in adults: A computational volumetric study
Authors: Worley Mitchell L. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Soler Zachary M. , Dubno Judy R. , Eckert Mark A. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThere is a growing need to understand the underlying mechanisms of age‐related olfactory dysfunction with the increasing proportion of older adults over the next 20 years. Despite the importance of olfactory cleft (OC) volumes on odorant deposition and olfactory function, little is known about age‐related changes to OC volume. The goal of this study was to use automated techniques in a cross‐sectional design to investigate the extent to which OC volumes vary with age and determine the spatial specificity of any age‐related effects.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsDeformation‐based morphometry was utilized to measure OC and sinus volumes in two independent samples of 101 (Medical University of South Carolina [MUSC] sample) and 95 (Hammersmith sample) healthy adults who underwent T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, with the Hammersmith sample serving as a replication sample.ResultsThe mean age of the MUSC and Hammersmith samples were 54.9 ± 17.0 years and 52.1 years ± 15.7 years, respectively. In both samples, there was a significant positive association between age and OC volume that occurred at a constant rate across the lifespan (Cohen's f2 of 0.065 in the MUSC sample and 0.110 in the Hammersmith sample). Age‐associated OC volume increases occurred in conjunction with decreases in sinus volumes as well as increases in non‐OC nasal cavity volumes.ConclusionsIn this cross‐sectional study, there is an increase in OC volume with increasing age that occurs in the context of broad age‐associated differences in sinonasal anatomy. Future studies should investigate the impact of age‐associated differences in intranasal anatomy on nasal airflow, odorant deposition, and olfactory function.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:E55–E60, 2019
Effects of Quercetin Intervention on Cognition Function in APP/PS1 Mice was Affected by Vitamin D Status
Authors: Lv Menglian , Yang Shengyi , Cai Lingkai , Qin Li‐qiang , Li Bing‐yan , Wan Zhongxiao 
Published: October 2018

ScopeTo explore how quercetin will affect memory impairments in APP/PS1 mice under different vitamin D status.Methods and resultsAPP/PS1 mice are divided into four groups, i.e., control (CON), low (LVD), medium, and high vitamin D supplemented with quercetin. During Morris Water Maze test, mice of the LVD group function best for improving cognitive function demonstrated by reduced latency to platform, and increased number of crossing and swimming distance in the target quadrant. Compared to the CON group, in both hippocampus and cortex, the LVD group has significant reduction in Aβ plaques, p‐Tau at Ser396&Ser404, and neuroinflammation. In the hippocampus, BDNF is elevated, miR‐26a and miR‐125b is decreased, while miR‐132 is increased in the LVD group. The LVD group demonstrates increased gut microbial diversity and elevated relative abundance of Glutamicibacter, Facklamia and Aerocorrus. In the hippocampus, p‐Tau at ser396&404, GFAP, Ibα1, miR‐26a, and miR‐132 are negatively correlated with Aerococcus; and p‐Tau at ser404 and Ibα1 are negatively correlated with Facklamia.ConclusionQuercetin is more efficacious for improving cognitive function under low vitamin D status. This might be owing to that interventions reduce Aβ plaques, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, upregulate BDNF, reduce miR‐26a and miR‐125b, increase miR‐132, and elevate gut microbial diversity including Facklamia and Aerococcus.
Estimating yield curves of the U.S. Treasury securities: An interpolation approach
Authors: Guo Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing the approach of interpolation, this paper proposes the multiple exponential decay model to fit yield curves for both the U.S. TIPS market and the conventional Treasury security market. Several estimation methods, including the unconstrained/constrained nonlinear minimization, quadratic programming, and the iterative linear least squares, are applied to estimate the unknown parameters according to different curve‐fitting purposes. Comparisons between the proposed model and the alternatives show that the multiple exponential decay successfully (1) adapts to a variety of shapes associated with yield curves, (2) (partially) keeps in line with the economic interpretations of Nelson–Siegel summarized by Diebold and Li (), and (3) dominates the competing models in curve‐fitting performance measured by mean fitted‐price errors over the sample period. In addition, the exact specification of a nonparametric interpolation model is pinned down by applying three statistical tools, which enable us to jointly take into account validity, optimality, and parsimoniousness of the proposed model.
Security measure allocation for industrial control systems: Exploiting systematic search techniques and submodularity
Authors: Milošević Jezdimir , Teixeira André , Tanaka Takashi , Johansson Karl H. , Sandberg Henrik 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTo protect industrial control systems from cyberattacks, multiple layers of security measures need to be allocated to prevent critical security vulnerabilities. However, both finding the critical vulnerabilities and then allocating security measures in a cost‐efficient way become challenging when the number of vulnerabilities and measures is large. This paper proposes a framework that can be used once this is the case. In our framework, the attacker exploits security vulnerabilities to gain control over some of the sensors and actuators. The critical vulnerabilities are those that are not complex to exploit and can lead to a large impact on the physical world through the compromised sensors and actuators. To find these vulnerabilities efficiently, we propose an algorithm that uses the nondecreasing properties of the impact and complexity functions and properties of the security measure allocation problem to speed up the search. Once the critical vulnerabilities are located, the security measure allocation problem reduces to an integer linear program. Since integer linear programs are NP‐hard in general, we reformulate this problem as a problem of minimizing a linear set function subject to a submodular constraint. A polynomial time greedy algorithm can then be applied to obtain a solution with guaranteed approximation bound. The applicability of our framework is demonstrated on a control system used for regulation of temperature within a building.
Distributed stereo vision‐based 6D localization and mapping for multi‐robot teams
Authors: Schuster Martin J. , Schmid Korbinian , Brand Christoph , Beetz Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractJoint simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) constitutes the basis for cooperative action in multi‐robot teams. We designed a stereo vision‐based 6D SLAM system combining local and global methods to benefit from their particular advantages: (1) Decoupled local reference filters on each robot for real‐time, long‐term stable state estimation required for stabilization, control and fast obstacle avoidance; (2) Online graph optimization with a novel graph topology and intra‐ as well as inter‐robot loop closures through an improved submap matching method to provide global multi‐robot pose and map estimates; (3) Distribution of the processing of high‐frequency and high‐bandwidth measurements enabling the exchange of aggregated and thus compacted map data. As a result, we gain robustness with respect to communication losses between robots. We evaluated our improved map matcher on simulated and real‐world datasets and present our full system in five real‐world multi‐robot experiments in areas of up 3,000 m2 (bounding box), including visual robot detections and submap matches as loop‐closure constraints. Further, we demonstrate its application to autonomous multi‐robot exploration in a challenging rough‐terrain environment at a Moon‐analogue site located on a volcano.
Camera trap theft and vandalism: occurrence, cost, prevention and implications for wildlife research and management
Authors: Meek Paul D. , Ballard Guy A. , Sparkes Jess , Robinson Mark , Nesbitt Brad , Fleming Peter J. S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCamera traps are increasingly used to monitor wildlife populations and management activities. Failing to detect target occurrence and/or behaviour inhibits the robustness of wildlife surveys. Based on user‐testing, it is reasonable to expect some equipment to malfunction but other sources of failure, such as those caused by theft and vandalism, are largely unquantified. Between May 2016 and October 2017, we undertook an international survey of professional practitioners who use camera traps for wildlife research and management projects to quantify theft and vandalism, and to document the subsequent effects on project outcomes. We also sought to record the methods used by practitioners to avoid theft and vandalism and whether or not practitioners believed those actions were effective. Most (59%) of the 407 respondents were wildlife researchers and university academics. The survey results revealed that camera trap theft and vandalism is a global issue that not only adds to costs via equipment loss (approx. USD $1.48 million from n = 309 respondents between 2010 and 2015) and theft prevention (c. USD $800 000 spent by respondents between 2010 and 2015) but also influences survey design. Vandalism and theft are clearly a global problem, with responses suggesting that they occur across a diverse array of geographic locations, at varying proximity to human settlements, in multiple habitat types and across device placements. Methods to deter human interference included using camouflaging (73%), security devices such as chains (63%) and boxes (43%), use of decoy camera traps, shortening deployment periods, setting the camera relatively high or low to the ground, or moving away from human traffic. Despite this, the responses suggest that attempts to mitigate losses are often not effective. In review of our findings, we make recommendations for the future of camera trapping that requires implementation and testing.
Concise Reviews: Cancer Stem Cell Targeted Therapies: Toward Clinical Success
Authors: Desai Amar , Yan Yan , Gerson Stanton L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within tumors that possess the stem cell characteristics of self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and the ability to recapitulate the parental tumor when transplanted into a host. CSCs are correlated with poor clinical outcome due to their contribution to chemotherapy resistance and metastasis. Multiple cell surface and enzymatic markers have been characterized to identify CSCs within a heterogeneous tumor, and here we summarize ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts to therapeutically target these cells and improve patient outcomes. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:75–81
Hierarchical Graphene‐Scaffolded Silicon/Graphite Composites as High Performance Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Zhou Jianbin , Guan Yong , Cai Wenlong , Zhao Yingyue , Zhu Yuanchao , Zhu Linqin , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo better couple with commercial cathodes, such as LiCoO2 and LiFePO4, graphite‐based composites containing a small proportion of silicon are recognized as promising anodes for practical application in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the prepared Si/C composite still suffers from either rapid capacity fading or the high cost up to now. Here, the facile preparation of hierarchical graphene‐scaffolded silicon/graphite composite is reported. In this designed 3D structure, Si nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed on commercial graphites and then uniformly encapsulated in the hierarchical graphene scaffold. This hierarchical structure is also well characterized by the synchrotron X‐ray computed nanotomography technique. When evaluated as anodes for LIBs, the hierarchical composite, with the Si weight ratio of 5 wt%, exhibits a reversible capacity of 559 mA h g−1 at 75 mA g−1, suggesting an unprecedented utilization of Si up to 95%. Even at 372 mA g−1, the composite can still maintain a high capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles. Coupled with the LiFePO4 cathode, the full cell shows the high capacity of 114 mA h g−1 at 170 mA g−1. The excellent Li‐storage properties can be ascribed to the unique designed hierarchical structure.
Copper‐Plated Paper for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Malti Abdellah , Ouyang Liangqi , Tu Deyu , Tian Weiqian , Wågberg Lars , Hamedi Mahiar Max 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPaper is emerging as a promising flexible, high surface‐area substrate for various new applications such as printed electronics, energy storage, and paper‐based diagnostics. Many applications, however, require paper that reaches metallic conductivity levels, ideally at low cost. Here, an aqueous electroless copper‐plating method is presented, which forms a conducting thin film of fused copper nanoparticles on the surface of the cellulose fibers. This paper can be used as a current collector for anodes of lithium‐ion batteries. Owing to the porous structure and the large surface area of cellulose fibers, the copper‐plated paper‐based half‐cell of the lithium‐ion battery exhibits excellent rate performance and cycling stability, and even outperforms commercially available planar copper foil‐based anode at ultra‐high charge/discharge rates of 100 C and 200 C. This mechanically robust metallic‐paper composite has promising applications as the current collector for light‐weight, flexible, and foldable paper‐based 3D Li‐ion battery anodes.
Theories of class F and anomalies
Authors: Lawrie Craig , Martelli Dario , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe consider the 6d (2, 0) theory on a fibration by genus g curves, and dimensionally reduce along the fiber to 4d theories with duality defects. This generalizes class S theories, for which the fibration is trivial. The non-trivial fibration in the present setup implies that the gauge couplings of the 4d theory, which are encoded in the complex structures of the curve, vary and can undergo S-duality transformations. These monodromies occur around 2d loci in space-time, the duality defects, above which the fiber is singular. The key role that the fibration plays here motivates refering to this setup astheories of class F. In the simplest instance this gives rise to 4d$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4Super-Yang-Mills with space-time dependent coupling that undergoes SL(2, ℤ) monodromies. We determine the anomaly polynomial for these theories by pushing forward the anomaly polynomial of the 6d (2, 0) theory along the fiber. This gives rise to corrections to the anomaly polynomials of 4d$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4SYM and theories of class S. For the torus case, this analysis is complemented with a field theoretic derivation of a U(1) anomaly in 4d$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4SYM. The corresponding anomaly polynomial is tested against known expressions of anomalies for wrapped D3-branes with varying coupling, which are known field theoretically and from holography. Extensions of the construction to 4d$$ \mathcal{N}=0 $$N=0and 1, and 2d theories with varying coupling, are also discussed.
Use of a Prescription Drug-Monitoring Program by Emergency and Surgical Prescribers: Results of a Hospital Survey
Authors: Leas Daniel , Seymour Rachel B. , Wally Meghan K. , Hsu Joseph R. ,   the PRIMUM Group, Beuhler Michael , Bosse Michael J. , Gibbs Michael , Griggs Christopher , Jarrett Steven , Runyon Michael , Saha Animita , Watling Bradley , Wyatt Stephen 
Published: October 2018

Background Drug overdoses are the leading cause of death due to injury in the USA. Currently, 49 states have prescription drug-monitoring programs (PDMPs) available to prescribers. Questions/Purposes We aimed to assess knowledge and practice of two groups of acute-care prescribers regarding controlled substances. Methods A 16-question survey was distributed to a list of surgical and emergency medicine prescribers at our institution. The survey asked about prescriber demographics, previous experiences with a PDMP, and opinions about patient risk factors available within an electronic medical record (EMR). Results We received 60 responses (27.1% response rate). All prescribers recognized a growing problem with opioids, both in general and in their own practices, with an average rating of 8.3/10 and 7.9/10, respectively. Although 95% were aware a PDMP was available, only 60% were registered users. Emergency medicine prescribers were significantly more likely to have registered and used the database; 52% said the PDMP was too time-consuming and 23% said the information was not easy to use. All respondents who reported PDMP use indicated it carried some clinical utility, with 87% reporting it to be “somewhat” or “very” useful. Emergency medicine prescribers were more likely to use the PDMP regularly, with 73% selecting “somewhat frequently” or higher, while only 9% of surgery prescribers indicated the same. Of all respondents, 97% agreed that an integrated alert in the existing EMR would be helpful. Conclusion Acute-care prescribers at our institution are universally aware of the opioid epidemic, but efficient and useful tools for identifying at-risk patients are lacking. Our prescribers desired an alert system integrated into the EMR to highlight targeted risk factors.
Rectal washout in rectal cancer surgery: A survey of Swedish practice – Questionnaire☆
Authors: Neufert Rebecca Svensson , Teurneau-Hermansson Karl , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Jörgren Fredrik , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
To reduce local recurrence rates when performing anterior resection in rectal cancer surgery Swedish national guidelines recommend rectal washout. This study aimed to describe current Swedish practice of rectal washout.

Methods:
Questionnaires were sent to Swedish surgical departments performing rectal cancer surgery.

Results:
Thirty-five units performed open rectal cancer surgery, and 91% (32/35) performed minimally invasive surgery. Forty percent (14/35) had a protocol on rectal washout. Rectal washout was most commonly performed using sterile water or an alcohol based solution and with a minimum volume of 100–499 ml. A catheter was used at most units, prior to transection of the rectum and with the bowel clamped. Routine use of rectal washout varied with the type of surgical procedure, with no differences between open and minimally invasive surgery: low anterior resection (97% (34/35) vs 94% (30/32); p = 0.60), high anterior resection (94% (33/35) vs 97% (31/32); p = 1.00), Hartmann's procedure (80% (28/35) vs 84% (27/32); p = 0.75), abdominoperineal resection (6% (2/35) vs 16% (5/32); p = 0.25).

Conclusion:
Swedish colorectal units perform rectal washout routinely with no differences between open and minimally invasive procedures. A minority have a procedure protocol.

Highlights: