bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of major components of Huangqi–Honghua extract in rat plasma using LC–MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Yimei , Qiao Yi , Xu Xiaomin , Ding Xiaohong , Li Weiwei , Yuan Bo , Xu Haiyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA sensitive and reliable LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the major components of Huangqi–Honghua extact in rat plasma, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), astragaloside IV (ASIV), calycosin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside (CAG), calycosin, calycosin‐3′‐O‐glucuronide (C‐3′‐G) and calycosin‐3′‐O‐sulfate (C‐3′‐S). After extraction by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on a Hypersil BDS C18 column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source switched between negative and positive modes. HSYA was monitored in negative ionization mode from 0 to 4.9 min, and ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S were determined in positive ionization mode from 4.9 to 10 min. The lower limits of quantification of the analytes were 6.25 ng/mL for HSYA, 0.781 ng/mL for CAG and 1.56 ng/mL for ASIV and calycosin. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precision (RSD) values were within 13.43%, and accuracy (RE) ranged from −8.75 to 9.92%. The validated method was then applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HSYA, ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C‐3′‐G and C‐3′‐S in rat after an oral administration of Huangqi–Honghua extract.
Model‐based monitoring of industrial reversed phase chromatography to predict insulin variants
Authors: Roch Patricia , Sellberg Anton , Andersson Niklas , Gunne Matthias , Hauptmann Peter , Nilsson Bernt , Mandenius Carl‐Fredrik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDownstream processing in the manufacturing biopharmaceutical industry is a multistep process separating the desired product from process‐ and product‐related impurities. However, removing product‐related impurities, such as product variants, without compromising the product yield or prolonging the process time due to extensive quality control analytics, remains a major challenge. Here, we show how mechanistic model‐based monitoring, based on analytical quality control data, can predict product variants by modeling their chromatographic separation during product polishing with reversed phase chromatography. The system was described by a kinetic dispersive model with a modified Langmuir isotherm. Solely quality control analytical data on product and product variant concentrations were used to calibrate the model. This model‐based monitoring approach was developed for an insulin purification process. Industrial materials were used in the separation of insulin and two insulin variants, one eluting at the product peak front and one eluting at the product peak tail. The model, fitted to analytical data, used one component to simulate each protein, or two components when a peak displayed a shoulder. This monitoring approach allowed the prediction of the elution patterns of insulin and both insulin variants. The results indicate the potential of using model‐based monitoring in downstream polishing at industrial scale to take pooling decisions.
Deciphering the scalene association among type‐2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, and chronic myeloid leukemia via enrichment analysis of disease‐gene network
Authors: Liu Qiong , Zhang Yingying , Wang Pengqian , Liu Jun , Li Bing , Yu Yanan , Wu Hongli , Kang Ruixia , Zhang Xiaoxu , Wang Zhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe potential biological relationship between type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been focused in numerous studies. To investigate the molecular associations among T2DM, prostate cancer (PCa), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), using a biomolecular network enrichment analysis. We obtained a list of disease‐related genes and constructed disease networks. Then, GO enrichment analysis was performed to identify the significant functions and pathways of overlapping modules in the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. More than 75% of these overlapping genes were found to be consistent with the findings of previous studies. In the three diseases, we found that Sarcoglycan delta (SGCD) and Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3) were the overlapping genes and identified negative regulation of apoptotic process and negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter RNA as the two overlapping biological functions. CML and PCa were the most closely related, with 34 overlapping genes, five overlapping modules, 27 overlapping biological functions, and nine overlapping pathways. There were 13 overlapping genes, one overlapping modules, four overlapping biological functions and one overlapping pathway (FoxO signaling pathway) were found in T2DM and CML.And T2DM and PCa were the least related pair in our study, with only six overlapping genes, five overlapping modules, and one overlapping biological function. SGCD and RND3 were the main gene‐to‐gene relationship among T2DM, CML, and PCa; apoptosis, development, and transcription from RNA polymerase II promote processes were the main functional connections among T2DM, CML, and PCa by network enrichment analysis. There is a “scalene” relationship among T2DM, CML, and PCa at gene, pathway, biological process, and module levels: CML and PCa were the most closely related, the second were T2DM and PCa, and T2DM and PCa were the least related pair in our study. Our study provides a new avenue for further studies on T2DM and cancers, which may promote the discovery and development of novel therapeutic and can be used to treat multiple diseases.
Perineal wound disruption and postoperative infection following resection of a benign cystic sacrococcygeal teratoma in a neonate in a resource‐limited setting: A case report
Authors: Katusiime Christine 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageCase reports highlighting the complications of SCT surgical resection in resource‐limited settings particularly sub‐Saharan Africa are few. It is imperative to take into account that achieving the desirable cosmetic results may not be possible because of large tumor size and postoperative infection. It is therefore of necessity to consider integration of plastic surgical reconstructive programs into pediatric surgery follow‐up programs in resource‐limited settings.
Sulfur‐Deficient TiS2‐x for Promoted Polysulfide Redox Conversion in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yingyue , Cai Wenlong , Fang Yuting , Ao Huaisheng , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSulfur‐deficient TiS2–x is prepared through high temperature vacuum annealing. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data confirm the presence of sulfur vacancies in TiS2–x. Effective polysulfide adsorption and promotion to polysulfide redox conversion was proven by adsorption simulation experiments and electrochemical measurements. Thus, TiS2–x is used as cathode promoter for Li−S half‐cells to improve the overall electrochemical performance. As expected, the TiS2–x/S electrode shows a high and stable capacity of 751 mAh g−1 even after 500 cycles and a fade rate as low as 0.04 % per cycle at 1 C. Besides, the high sulfur loading of the electrode of 4 mg cm−2 also displays an admirable cycling performance of 963 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention up to 91.7 % over 50 cycles at 0.2 C.
Crystalline IGZO ceramics (crystalline oxide semiconductor)–based devices for artificial intelligence
Authors: Yamazaki Shunpei , Ohshita Satoru , Oota Masashi , Baba Haruyuki , Onuki Tatsuya , Kunitake Hitoshi , Ohshima Kazuaki , Shimada Daigo , Kimura Hajime , Murakawa Tsutomu , Atsumi Tomoaki , Kato Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2009, a crystalline oxide semiconductor with a layered structure, which we refer to as c‐axis–aligned crystalline indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (CAAC‐IGZO), was first discovered. CAAC‐IGZO has a peculiar crystal structure in which clear grain boundaries are not observed despite high c‐axis alignment and absence of a‐b plane alignment. When compared to a Si field‐effect transistor (FET), a metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) FET, utilizing CAAC‐IGZO, presents lower off‐state current (on the order of yA [10−24 A]). These unique characteristics allow CAAC‐IGZO to realize devices with low power consumption. With the emerging era of artificial intelligence, wherein power saving becomes more significant, CAAC‐IGZO has attracted attention as a potential replacement for Si. This paper describes the characteristics and potentials of CAAC‐IGZO for the development of memory devices with unprecedented functions.
Deep learning models for diagnosing spleen and stomach diseases in smart Chinese medicine with cloud computing
Authors: Zhang Qingchen , Bai Changchuan , Chen Zhikui , Li Peng , Yu Hang , Wang Shuo , Gao He 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCloud computing is significantly contributing to the development of smart Chinese medicine. The diagnosis and treatment of spleen and stomach diseases has been arousing great interest in smart Chinese medicine with cloud computing since many persons are suffering from spleen and stomach diseases. Currently, spleen and stomach diseases present some new characteristics with the dramatic changes in natural climate, social environment, and human living habits. Recently, deep learning, together with cloud computing techniques, has successfully used in medical image analysis and therefore it is the most promising model for diagnosing spleen and stomach disease in smart Chinese medicine. In this paper, we present a survey on deep learning models in medical image analysis for computer‐aided diagnosis in modern medicine. Afterwards, we summarize the syndrome types of spleen and stomach diseases and furthermore analyze the causes and pathogenesis for each syndrome. Finally, we discuss the open challenges and research directions of deep learning models applicable to the computer‐aided diagnosis of spleen and stomach diseases, which is expected to contribute to the development of smart Chinese medicine with cloud computing.
XMSN: An efficient cross‐layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor networks
Authors: Maitra Tanmoy , Roy Sarbani 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology in monitoring systems is demanding more efficient services to fulfill the requirements of the monitoring task. For this purpose, the simultaneous presence of features such as different communication mediums (air and water) used by nodes and various sizes of data generated by heterogeneous nodes are the key obstacles to build a communication protocol, which can ensure the reliable data delivery. This work terms such WSNs as mixed wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) which contains the aforementioned features. In this paper, we introduce a new cross‐layer protocol for mixed wireless sensor network (XMSN) which can adapt these features. The proposed cross layer protocol XMSN for such mixed environment is implemented and analyzed extensively in Castalia simulator. The performance of XMSN is compared with composition of well‐known protocols, namely, CTP plus BoX‐MAC‐2. The result shows that XMSN has better efficiency in terms of end‐to‐end delay, energy consumption, and goodput than that of CTP plus BoX‐MAC‐2 protocol.
Large‐sized rare tree species contribute disproportionately to functional diversity in resource acquisition in African tropical forest
Authors: Kearsley Elizabeth , Hufkens Koen , Verbeeck Hans , Bauters Marijn , Beeckman Hans , Boeckx Pascal , Huygens Dries 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence is available for a positive effect of biodiversity on ecosystem productivity and standing biomass, also in highly diverse systems as tropical forests. Biodiversity conservation could therefore be a critical aspect of climate mitigation policies. There is, however, limited understanding of the role of individual species for this relationship, which could aid in focusing conservation efforts and forest management planning. This study characterizes the functional specialization and redundancy for 95% of all tree species (basal area weighted percentage) in a diverse tropical forest in the central Congo Basin and relates this to species' abundance, contribution to aboveground carbon, and maximum size. Functional characterization is based on a set of traits related to resource acquisition (wood density, specific leaf area, leaf carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content, and leaf stable carbon isotope composition). We show that within both mixed and monodominant tropical forest ecosystems, the highest functional specialization and lowest functional redundancy are solely found in rare tree species and significantly more in rare species holding large‐sized individuals. Rare species cover the entire range of low and high functional redundancy, contributing both unique and redundant functions. Loss of species supporting functional redundancy could be buffered by other species in the community, including more abundant species. This is not the case for species supporting high functional specialization and low functional redundancy, which would need specific conservation attention. In terms of tropical forest management planning, we argue that specific conservation of large‐sized trees is imperative for long‐term maintenance of ecosystem functioning.
Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) population structure shifts through deep time: Management implications for southern California's northern Channel Islands
Authors: Haas Hannah , Braje Todd J. , Edwards Matthew S. , Erlandson Jon M. , Whitaker Stephen G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

For over 10,000 years, black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) were an important resource in southern California, first for coastal Native Americans, then beginning in the nineteenth century, as one of the state's first commercial shellfisheries. By 1993, after years of heavy fishing, rising sea surface temperatures (SST), and the spread of withering syndrome (WS), black abalone populations declined dramatically, resulting in the closure of the Alta California fishery. After nearly 25 years of management and recovery efforts, black abalone are showing signs of ecological rebound along some Channel Island shorelines. These include the presence of juvenile abalone and increasing densities, largely from data collected by Channel Islands National Park (CINP) monitoring efforts that began in 1985.

In an effort to apply deeper historical perspectives to modern fisheries management and restoration, we analyzed black abalone size data from San Miguel Island at prehistoric and historical archeological sites spanning the last 10,000 years and compared these populations to those described by CINP biologists between 1985 and 2013.

We found a statistically significant relationship between SST and black abalone size distributions during the ancient record, along with dramatic shifts in population size structure toward larger individuals between the nineteenth century and modern periods. A pattern of larger mean black abalone sizes was identified during warm SSTs, when compared against intervals of cooler SSTs.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides a deep historical perspective of abalone population size distributions, patterns within these distributions through time, and parallels to modern abalone populations. Our results may help managers determine whether the current (and future) size and age structure of intertidal black abalone populations around the northern Channel Islands are “natural” and healthy, measured against the 10,000 year history of black abalone fishing in southern California.
Recurrent changes in cichlid dentition linked to climate‐driven lake‐level fluctuations
Authors: Dieleman Jorunn , Van Bocxlaer Bert , Nyingi Wanja Dorothy , Lyaruu Anna , Verschuren Dirk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClimate‐induced habitat change has often been invoked as an important driver of speciation and evolutionary radiation in cichlid fishes, yet studies linking morphological change directly to long‐term environmental fluctuations are scarce. Here, we track changes through time in the oral dentition ofOreochromis hunteri, the endemic and only indigenous fish species inhabiting the East African crater Lake Chala (Kenya/Tanzania), in relation to climate‐driven lake‐level fluctuations during the last 25,000 yr. Fossil teeth were recovered from six periods representing alternating high and low lake‐level stands associated with late‐Pleistocene and Holocene trends in rainfall and drought. To construct a reference framework for morphological variation in fossil assemblages, we first analyzed the variability in oral tooth morphology within the modern‐day fish population. These analyses established that, like other cichlids,O. hunterigradually replace their bicuspid/tricuspid oral dentition with more unicuspid teeth as they grow. In the fossil assemblages, we found systematic and recurrent changes in the relative abundance of these oral tooth types, with a higher proportion of unicuspids during low‐stands. Moreover,O. hunteriliving during low‐stands systematically developed unicuspid dentition at a smaller body size, compared with conspecifics living during high‐stands. Considering that low‐stand conditions created a sizable area of oxygenated soft‐bottom habitat that is lacking during high‐stands, we propose that the associated change in oral dentition reflects the fishes’ exploitation of this new habitat either for feeding or for reproduction. The recurrent nature of the observed shifts provides evidence for the ability ofO. hunterito systematically adapt to local habitat change, and strongly suggests that morphological change in oral dentition promoted its long‐term population persistence in an aquatic ecosystem presenting the dual challenge of being both sensitive to climate change (creating constantly shifting selective pressures) and isolated from surrounding populations (limiting gene flow). In Lake Chala, ancient climate‐driven lake‐level fluctuations did not directly promote speciation inO. hunteri, but the population bottlenecks they may have caused potentially contributed to its divergence from sister speciesOreochromis jipe.
Tree diversity is not always a strong driver of soil microbial diversity: a 7‐yr‐old diversity experiment with trees
Authors: Rivest Maxime , Whalen Joann K. , Rivest David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTrees provide organic substrates in the form of root exudates, litterfall, and fine root turnover. They modify soil physical properties and support soil biological activities. Therefore, trees are hypothesized to control soil biodiversity in forested areas. We predicted that (1) experimental forest plantations with higher tree alpha‐diversity have greater soil microbial alpha‐diversity and (2) that plantations with more divergent tree community composition would have more divergent soil microbial assemblages (Whitaker's beta‐diversity). We tested these predictions by measuring soil bacteria and fungi in a 7‐yr‐old tree biodiversity experiment. The experimental plantation contained 37 different tree assemblages, which were composed of one to four native species from temperate mixed deciduous forests. Further, there was a gradient of functional diversity nested within each level of species diversity. Soil samples were assessed for bacteria and fungi by amplicon sequencing. Tree alpha‐diversity weakly, but significantly, affected bacterial alpha‐diversity, without affecting fungal alpha‐diversity. Tree community composition was weakly, but significantly, linked to soil bacterial and fungal assemblages. In these 7‐yr‐old experimental plantations, tree diversity was not the most influential driver of soil microbial diversity.
The geomorphologic forcing of wild boars
Authors: Mauri Luca , Sallustio Lorenzo , Tarolli Paolo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmong the main invasive species, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the most responsible for soil degradation in Europe and many Italian regions. At the same time, the stable presence of this species in agricultural areas has induced a conflict with humans, causing economic losses, environmental degradation and also social issues. A clear quantification of the potential damages (in terms of soil bioturbation) of this species at large scale is, however, still obscure. The purpose of this research is to analyse the role of wild boars as a geomorphologic agent, presenting a general diagnostic framework regarding the geomorphic impact of this species, classifying and mapping potential sediment hotspots and their likely connection to rivers and road networks. Accordingly, a record of wild boar damage types is first presented, and their possible interaction with hydrological and geomorphological processes is described. Then, a pilot case study is discussed on mapping and quantifying wild boar damages in a hilly agricultural landscape located in northeast Italy. The wild boar damages were geolocalized using a geographical positioning system (GPS) in two years of intensive field campaigns among agricultural fields involved in wild boar damaging activities. For each damaged area (total 406), several measures of soil erosion depth were taken and the degradation surface of interest mapped for a total of 10 150 measures. The volume of removed soil was then estimated, considering the average depth of damages previously recorded. Finally, the Index of Connectivity was applied to provide a classification of the considered damages based on their connection to both river and road networks. The results indicate that the ongoing uncontrolled wild boar expansion may not affect crops only or be a risk for people, but can also increase soil erosion, with a potential connection to hydrographic networks and human infrastructures. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust blind adaptive multiuser detection based on maximum correntropy criterion in satellite CDMA systems
Authors: Yue Pengcheng , Qu Hua , Zhao Jihong , Wang Meng , Liu Xi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSatellite code‐division multiple‐access systems use multiuser detection (MUD) methods to deal with multiple‐access interferences. Among the different kinds of MUD, blind adaptive MUD regarding the system as a state‐space model is widely used for its tracking capability and independence of training sequences. The innovation process noise of the state‐space model is usually assumed to follow the Gaussian distribution, and the minimum mean‐square error criterion is the default criterion for most conventional blind adaptive MUD methods. In the past few years, the impulsive noise of the innovation process has attracted attention, declaring that a Gaussian distribution is not suitable for simulating the impulsive noise. Thus, more criteria are proposed to enhance the robustness of the blind adaptive MUD. This paper improves the robustness of MUD methods under impulsive noise by bringing forward a new cost function based on the maximum correntropy criterion and deduces the expression of the blind adaptive detector. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in terms of bit error rate, convergence, and robustness compared with other methods.