bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn in Decreasing Blood Uric Acid Levels of Hyperuricemic Male Rats
Authors: Musdja Muhammad Yanis , Azter Abdul Arief , Musir Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Background: Gout causes attacks of pain and swelling in one or more joints and control of serum uric acid level has been used as one of the therapeutic methods for gout. Inhibition method of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity which can oxidize hypoxanthine to uric acid has been commonly used to decrease serum uric acid level. On the other hand, Elephantopus scaber Linn leaf has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as folk medicine by some people in Indonesia.
Aims: This study was to determine the hypouricemic effect of ethanol extract of Elephantopus scaber leaf by in vivo study in caffeine (PO)-induced hyperuricemic male rats.
Methodology: The E. scaber leaf was obtained from Research Institute for Spices and Medicinal Plants, Bagor, Indonesia. Preparation of E. scaber leaf extract was done by cold maceration extraction technique using ethanol 70%. Male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were induced by using caffeine with dose 27 mg/200 g b.w until the levels in the blood of male rats become hyperuricemic. Equipment (Easy Touch) was used by detecting the level of uric acid in a rat blood. Equipment (Easy Touch) was used by detecting the level of uric acid in a rat blood. Rats were divided into 6 groups, as a positive control was used allopurinol 36 mg/200 g b.w, test preparation were used 3 doses, i.e, 175 mg/200 g b.w, 350 mg/200 g b.w and 700 mg/200 b.w which suspended in Na-CMC 0.5%.
Results: The results from a decrease in blood uric acid levels in rats, on the 15th days showed that a dose of 350 mg / 200 g b.w gave decrease in the highest percentage ie 43%. Statistical analysis on the 15th day showed that all of the test preparation groups of E. scaber had effects decrease uric acid in blood serum of rats and significantly different from negative controls (p ≤ 0.05). The dose of 350 mg/200 g b.w of E. scaber had the same effect with a dose of 36 mg/200 g b.w allopurinol in reducing uric acid in experimental rats.
Conclusions: E. scaber is a plant that is quite potential to be used in the treatment of gout.
The Signs and Symptoms Comparison of Gastrointestinal Diseases between Classic Medicine and Iranian Traditional Medicine: A Hybrid Qualitative Study
Authors: Mirabutalebi Seyyedeh Vajiheh , Saber Seyed Saeid Esmaeili , Abbasi Mohsen , Fesharaki Mohammad Gholami 
Published: August 2019

Background: Iranian traditional medicine is the oldest form of medical structure and is, in fact, an inseparable part of the life of various Iranian societies. On the other hand, gastrointestinal and liver diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity in the world, including in Iran. Such that 10% of diseases are allocated to them and their diseases are spreading increasingly.
Objective: Considering the mentioned issues and the high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, the aim of this study is to investigate the compliance of the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases in classical medicine with Iranian traditional medicine from the viewpoint of Iranian traditional medicine experts.
Methods: This is a hybrid qualitative study which was conducted in three phases, including 1- theoretical, 2- field and 3- combinational phases. In the theoretical phase, two types of medical textbooks i.e. Iranian traditional and classic medicine textbooks. In the field stage, 13 academic Iranian traditional medicine experts with at least 5 years of work experiences in Iranian traditional medicine were interviewed. Then, in the combinational phase, the results of two early phases have been summarized using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results of the study show that 12 of the 40 symptoms in this study had a compliance of 100%. These 12 symptoms are Increase of Salivation, Pica, Borborygmi, Hiccups, Abdominal distention, Melena, Anal Fissure, Anal Stenosis, Cryptitis, Anal pruritus, Halitosis, Rectal pain; also, the results showed that 10 of the 40 symptoms in this study had over 70% compliance. These 10 symptoms are as Dysphagia, Belching, Regurgitation, Hematemesis, Flatulence, Increased Bowel sound, Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Jaundice and Anal prolapse. Also, the percentage of compliance with the other 18 symptoms was less than 70%.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study and the capabilities of Iranian medicine in relation to symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases with classical medicine, it is possible to design appropriate patterns to expose it. Also, an integrated approach to clinical research is recommended to improve the efficacy and safety of gastrointestinal treatments.
Epidemiology and Resistance Levels of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections Expressed as Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Indices
Authors: Gajdács Márió 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To assess the epidemiology of UTIs affecting inpatients and outpatients and the antibiotic resistance levels, expressed as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices from the isolated species at a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary, during a 10-year study period.
Study Design: Retrospective microbiological study.
Place and Duration of Study: 1st of January 2008 - 31st of December 2017 at the University of Szeged, which is affiliated with the Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, a primary- and tertiary-care teaching hospital in the Southern Great Plain of Hungary.
Methodology: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using disk diffusion method and when appropriate, E-tests on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) plates. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates was determined.
Results: During the 10-year study period, the Institute of Clinical Microbiology received 21,150 urine samples from outpatient clinics and 19,325 samples from inpatient departments that turned out to be positive for a significant urinary pathogen. Out of the positive urine samples, E. coli represented the overwhelming majority of all positive urine samples. The resistance levels in inpatient isolates were higher than in the outpatient isolates (average MAR indices: 0.347 vs. 0.410, 0.267 vs. 0.435 and 0.318 vs. 0.473 for the E. coli/Klebsiella, CES and Proteae group, respectively).
Conclusion: As the therapeutic options are becoming increasingly limited in the current antibiotic resistance climate, more effort should be put into the prudent use of antibiotics and the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Evidence for indirect loss of significance effects on violent extremism: The potential mediating role of anomia
Authors: Troian Jais , Baidada Ouissam , Arciszewski Thomas , Apostolidis Themistoklis , Celebi Elif , Yurtbakan Taylan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPsychological research suggests that violent extremism (e.g., terrorism) stems partly from existential motives, such as individuals’ need to achieve significance in life after experiencing failure, ostracism, or humiliation (Significance Quest Theory; SQT). Parallel investigations from sociology and criminology established similar findings by linking anomia—a syndrome including feelings of meaninglessness, powerlessness, isolation, self‐estrangement, and normlessness—with violent behavior. In line with SQT, this contribution tested if anomia could mediate Loss of Significance effects on violent extremism. Accordingly, three studies conducted in France highlight indirect effects of exposure to discrimination on legitimation of political violence (Study 1, cross‐sectional, minority population sample, N = 110), violent behavioral intentions (Study 2, experimental, undergraduate sample, N = 249), and support for ISIS fighters (Study 3, experimental, undergraduate sample, N = 221) through anomia. A subsequent study shows this indirect effect to be robust when controlled for Social Dominance Orientation and Political Extremism (Study 4, cross‐sectional, undergraduate sample, N = 279). A final investigation re‐analyzing data collected in Turkey highlights a reverse effect when the independent variable tapped into social inclusion (rather than exclusion; Study 5, cross‐sectional, undergraduate sample, N = 321). This indirect effect was also robust to Political Extremism and Intolerance as control variables. These results support the usefulness of considering anomia as a proximal predictor of violent extremism in a SQT perspective.
A modern mold room: Meshing 3D surface scanning, digital design, and 3D printing with bolus fabrication
Authors: Sasaki David Kiyoshi , McGeachy Philip , Alpuche Aviles Jorge E. , McCurdy Boyd , Koul Rashmi , Dubey Arbind 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThis case series represents an initial experience with implementing 3‐dimensional (3D) surface scanning, digital design, and 3D printing for bolus fabrication for patients with complex surface anatomy where traditional approaches are challenging.Methods and MaterialsFor 10 patients requiring bolus in regions with complex contours, bolus was designed digitally from 3D surface scanning data or computed tomography (CT) images using either a treatment planning system or mesh editing software. Boluses were printed using a fused deposition modeling printer with polylactic acid. Quality assurance tests were performed for each printed bolus to verify density and shape.ResultsFor 9 of 10 patients, digitally designed boluses were used for treatment with no issues. In 1 case, the bolus was not used because dosimetric requirements were met without the bolus. QA tests revealed that the bulk density was within 3% of the reference value for 9 of 12 prints, and with more judicious selection of print settings this could be increased. For these 9 prints, density uniformity was as good as or better than our traditional sheet bolus material. The average shape error of the pieces was less than 0.5 mm, and no issues with fit or comfort were encountered during use.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that new technologies such as 3D surface scanning, digital design and 3D printing can be safely and effectively used to modernize bolus fabrication.
Almost surely asymptotic synchronization for stochastic neural networks of neutral type with Markovian jumping parameters
Authors: Wu Tao , Xiong Lianglin , Cao Jinde , Xie Xueqin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of the almost surely asymptotic synchronization for a class of stochastic neural networks of neutral type with both Markovian jumping parameters and mixed time delays. Based on the stochastic analysis theory, LaSalle‐type invariance principle, and delayed state‐feedback control technique, some novel delay‐dependent sufficient criteria to guarantee the almost surely asymptotic synchronization are given. These criteria are expressed as the linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily checked by MATLAB LMI Control Toolbox. Finally, four numerical examples and their simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bioelectricity, Its Fundamentals, Characterization Methodology, and Applications in Nano‐Bioprobing and Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Yilong , Han Xiao , Cui Zheng , Shi Donglu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBioelectricity is an essential characteristic of a biological system that has played an important role in medical diagnosis particularly in cancer liquid biopsy. However, its biophysical origin and measurements have presented great challenges in experimental methodologies. For instance, in dynamic cell processes, bioelectricity cannot be accurately determined as a static electrical potential via electrophoresis. Cancer cells fundamentally differ from normal cells by having a much higher rate of glycolysis resulting in net negative charges on cell surfaces. The most recent investigations on cancer cell surface charge that is the direct bio‐electrical manifestation of the “Warburg Effect,” which can be directly monitored by specially designed nanoprobes, has been provided. The most up‐to‐date research results from charge‐mediated cell targeting are reviewed. Correlations between the cell surface charge and cancer cell metabolism are established based on cell/probe electrostatic interactions. Bioelectricity is utilized not only as an analyte for investigation of the metabolic state of the cancer cells, but also applied in electrostatically and magnetically capturing of the circulating tumor cells from whole blood. Also reviewed is on the isolation of Candida albicans via bioelectricity‐driven nanoparticle binding on fungus with surface charges.
Functional Nanomaterials on 2D Surfaces and in 3D Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Tutar Rumeysa , Motealleh Andisheh , Khademhosseini Ali , Kehr Nermin Seda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn emerging approach to improve the physicobiochemical properties and the multifunctionality of biomaterials is to incorporate functional nanomaterials (NMs) onto 2D surfaces and into 3D hydrogel networks. This approach is starting to generate promising advanced functional materials such as self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) and nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels of NMs with remarkable properties and tailored functionalities that are beneficial for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and developing biosensors. A wide range of NMs, such as carbon‐, metal‐, and silica‐based NMs, can be integrated into 2D and 3D biomaterial formulations due to their unique characteristics, such as magnetic properties, electrical properties, stimuli responsiveness, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and chemical composition. The highly ordered nano‐ or microscale assemblies of NMs on surfaces alter the original properties of the NMs and add enhanced and/or synergetic and novel features to the final SAMs of the NM constructs. Furthermore, the incorporation of NMs into polymeric hydrogel networks reinforces the (soft) polymer matrix such that the formed NC hydrogels show extraordinary mechanical properties with superior biological properties.
Simultaneous Cationic and Anionic Redox Reactions Mechanism Enabling High‐Rate Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan , Chen Zixian , Cui Peixin , Zheng Xusheng , Pan Anqiang , Lu Bingan , Lu Xihong , Zhou Jiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries hold great promise for potential applications in large‐scale energy storage, but the reversible insertion of bivalent Zn2+ and fast reaction kinetics remain elusive goals. Hence, a highly reversible Zn/VNx
Oy battery is developed, which combines the insertion/extraction reaction and pseudo‐capacitance‐liked surface redox reaction mechanism. The energy storage is induced by a simultaneous reversible cationic (V3+ ↔ V2+) and anionic (N3− ↔ N2−) redox reaction, which are mainly responsible for the high reversibility and no structural degradation of VNxOy. As expected, a superior rate capability of 200 mA h g−1 at 30 A g−1 and high cycling stability up to 2000 cycles are achieved. This finding opens new opportunities for the design of high‐performance cathodes with fast Zn2+ reaction kinetics for advanced aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.
Development of a Shape‐Memory Tube to Prevent Vascular Stenosis
Authors: Shin Yong Cheol , Lee Jung Bok , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Kim Taeyoung , Alexander Grant , Shin Young Min , Park Ju Young , Baek Sewoom , Yoon Jeong‐Kee , Lee Yong Jae , Seon Gyeung Mi , Lee Mi Hee , Kang Mi‐Lan , Jang Woo Soon , Park Jong‐Chul , Jun Ho‐Wook , Kim YongTae , Sung Hak‐Joon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInserting a graft into vessels with different diameters frequently causes severe damage to the host vessels. Poor flow patency is an unresolved issue in grafts, particularly those with diameters less than 6 mm, because of vessel occlusion caused by disturbed blood flow following fast clotting. Herein, successful patency in the deployment of an ≈2 mm diameter graft into a porcine vessel is reported. A new library of property‐tunable shape‐memory polymers that prevent vessel damage by expanding the graft diameter circumferentially upon implantation is presented. The polymers undergo seven consecutive cycles of strain energy‐preserved shape programming. Moreover, the new graft tube, which features a diffuser shape, minimizes disturbed flow formation and prevents thrombosis because its surface is coated with nitric‐oxide‐releasing peptides. Improved patency in a porcine vessel for 18 d is demonstrated while occlusive vascular remodeling occurs. These insights will help advance vascular graft design.
Selective Oxidation of WS2 Defect Domain with Sub‐Monolayer Thickness Leads to Multifold Enhancement in Photoluminescence
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Biswas Jayeeta , Pandey Juhi , Thakar Kartikey , Soni Ajay , Lodha Saurabh , Balakrishnan Viswanath 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStabilizing defective domains of sub‐monolayer thickness in 2D materials plays a significant role in tuning the electronic and optical properties. The chemical vapor deposition growth of WS2 monolayers with control over phase and uniformly nucleated defect domains is reported. Multifold photoluminescence (PL) enhancement (≈20‐fold) is achieved by stabilizing defect‐dominated domains toward design of nanoscale optical devices. While the observed luminescence variation in the form of alternating triangles arises from planar heterostructure (1H–1T′) formation, defect domain present at the center of WS2 heterophase monolayer causes 20‐fold enhancement in photoluminescence. The observed luminescence enhancement is correlated with sulfur defects and confirmed by site‐specific spatial X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy and in situ PL measurements at cryogenic temperatures. Detailed microstructural and spectroscopic observations indicate the partial stripping of monolayers by removal of sulfur and incorporation of oxygen leading to increased excitonic emissions. The demonstrated atomic‐scale manipulation to stabilize defect domains over large area with enhanced luminescence behavior is relevant for developing next‐generation nanoscale photonic devices.
On the Schwarzschild Effect in 3D Two‐Photon Laser Lithography
Authors: Yang Liang , Münchinger Alexander , Kadic Muamer , Hahn Vincent , Mayer Frederik , Blasco Eva , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Wegener Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe two‐photon Schwarzschild effect in photoresists suitable for 3D laser lithography is revisited. The study ranges over seven orders of magnitude in exposure time (from 1 µs to 10 s) and investigates a wide variety of different photoresist compositions. For short exposure times (“regime I”), the laser power at the polymerization threshold can scale with the inverse square root of the exposure time, as naively to be expected for two‐photon absorption. Substantial deviations occur, however, for low photoinitiator concentrations. For intermediate exposure times (“regime II”), a Schwarzschild‐type of behavior is found, as discussed previously. For very long exposure times (“regime III”), an unexpected deviation from regime II is found. By presenting numerical solutions of the coupled 3D reaction–diffusion equations, this behavior is explained in terms of the diffusion of oxygen and photoinitiator molecules, respectively.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Deaminative Vinylation of Alkylamines
Authors: Hu Jiefeng , Cheng Bo , Yang Xianyu , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe amino group is one of the most fundamental structural motifs in natural products and synthetic chemicals. However, amines potential as effective alkylating agents in organic synthesis is still problematic. A unified strategy has been established for deaminative vinylation of the alkylamines with vinyl boronic acids by C−N bond activation under catalyst‐free conditions. The key to the high reactivity is the utilization of pyridinium salt‐activated alkylamines, with a base as a promoter. The transformation exhibits good functional group compatibility, and includes inexpensive primary amine feedstocks and amino acids. The proposed method can serve as a powerful synthetic method for late‐stage modification of complex compounds. Mechanistic experiments suggest that free radical processes are involved in this system.magnified image
Rhenium Diselenide (ReSe2) Near‐Infrared Photodetector: Performance Enhancement by Selective p‐Doping Technique
Authors: Kim Jinok , Heo Keun , Kang Dong‐Ho , Shin Changhwan , Lee Sungjoo , Yu Hyun‐Yong , Park Jin‐Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, a near‐infrared photodetector featuring a high photoresponsivity and a short photoresponse time is demonstrated, which is fabricated on rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) with a relatively narrow bandgap (0.9–1.0 eV) compared to conventional transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The excellent photo and temporal responses, which generally show a trade‐off relation, are achieved simultaneously by applying a p‐doping technique based on hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a selected ReSe2 region. Because the p‐doping of ReSe2 originates from the charge transfer from un‐ionized Cl molecules in the HCl to the ReSe2 surface, by adjusting the concentration of the HCl solution from 0.1 to 10 m, the doping concentration of the ReSe2 is controlled between 3.64 × 1010 and 3.61 × 1011 cm−2. Especially, the application of the selective HCl doping technique to the ReSe2 photodetector increases the photoresponsivity from 79.99 to 1.93 × 103 A W−1, and it also enhances the rise and decay times from 10.5 to 1.4 ms and from 291 to 3.1 ms, respectively, compared with the undoped ReSe2 device. The proposed selective p‐doping technique and its fundamental analysis will provide a scientific foundation for implementing high‐performance TMD‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Right Cu2−xS@MnS Core–Shell Nanoparticles as a Photo/H2O2‐Responsive Platform for Effective Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Huang Xiaojuan , Deng Guoying , Han Yong , Yang Guizhu , Zou Rujia , Zhang Zhiyuan , Sun Shuyang , Hu Junqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStimuli‐responsive nanomedicines have become a recent research focus as a candidate for cancer treatment because of their effectiveness, sensibility, and minimal invasiveness. In this work, a novel nanosystem is developed based on Cu2−xS@MnS core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) in which the Cu2−xS core serves as a photosensitizer to generate hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the MnS shell is used in H2O2‐responsive O2 production. Cu2−xS@MnS CSNPs with an independent core and shell ratio are synthesized by a controllable hot‐injection method, resulting in an optimal photothermal (PT) effect with a PT conversion efficiency of up to 47.9%. An enhanced photodynamic (PD) effect also occurs in an H2O2 environment. More significantly, in vivo experiments demonstrate that Cu2−xS@MnS CSNPs can mediate tumor shrinkage in both HeLa tumor cell line‐derived xenograft (CDX) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models, with the capability of being used as a T1‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent. These results suggest the great potential of as‐prepared Cu2−xS@MnS CSNPs as photo/H2O2‐responsive therapeutic‐agents against tumors, even in a complicated and heterogeneous environment, thus promoting the clinical translation of nanomedicine.