bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Re)constructing ‘witness vulnerability’: An analysis of the legal and policy frameworks of the statutory regulators of social work and social care professionals in the UK
Authors: Sorbie Annie , Garippa Lewis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores how the legal and policy frameworks of the statutory regulators of social work and social care professionals in the UK approach the question of whether a witness at a Fitness to Practise hearing should be considered as ‘vulnerable’, and the steps that may be taken in response. Our focus is on witnesses who are service users, their families, and wider publics and, in some circumstances, colleagues. This novel socio-legal comparison between the four countries of the UK draws on literature that critically considers how vulnerability is used in the social work and welfare context and feminist vulnerability theory in order to analyse how witness vulnerability is constructed in these texts. We argue that these constructions can be, at the same time, too narrow, too broad, and potentially stigmatizing, and further sit uncomfortably with a social model of disability. We call for a more holistic textual approach to how witness vulnerability is framed and suggest how this may be operationalized in policy and law. Our findings have wider application, beyond the regulation of the UK-wide social work and social care workforce, where regulatory processes designed to protect the public rely on witnesses coming forward to provide evidence.
Obesity: ethical issues
Authors: Mayes Christopher , Williams Jane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This article reviews the ethical issues surrounding obesity in public health and clinical contexts. We examine how obesity intersects with medical and social norms that raise questions of liberty, fairness, safety, and effectiveness or consequences.

Sources of data
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.

Areas of agreement
We identify three main areas of agreement that are pertinent to ethical analysis of obesity: stigma is considered harmful, there needs to be a more-than personal responsibility approach, and a general acceptance of a global rise in body weight.

Areas of controversy
There are many areas of controversy, we limit our focus to four: conflicts of interest in the creation of guidelines and policies, mortality rates, whether weight is a meaningful proxy for health, and how to treat childhood obesity.

Areas timely for developing research
Post-genomic explanations, such as exposure to endocrine disrupting toxins, and development of epigenomics and microbiomics in the form of personalized nutrition are two developing areas we identify.
Diversity and leaflet anatomical characters evolution of Machaerium Pers. (Fabaceae – Faboideae)
Authors: Rosa Marcus Paulo Gonçalves , Arruda Rosani do Carmo de Oliveira , Alves Flávio Macedo , Sartori Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Machaerium species have demonstrated overlapping morphological characters that delimit sections and/or clades, such as width, length, and overall shape of the leaflets and venation pattern. We conducted a comparative analysis of the morphoanatomical characters of Machaerium leaflets. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of leaflet anatomical characters for Machaerium systematics, to assess whether these characters support the monophyly of the Lineata clade, to identify leaflet anatomical synapomorphies for the Lineata clade, and to evaluate secretory structures present in the leaflets regarding the type, location, distribution, and chemical nature of their exudates. Subterminal leaflets from 26 Machaerium species were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Phylogenetic and ancestral character state reconstruction analyses were performed for all members of the Lineata clade. Characters such as secondary venation pattern, type of stomata, presence of a subepidermal layer at the leaflet margin (hypodermis), trichome morphology, and the type and location of mucilaginous idioblasts are relevant at the species level. Secretory structures such as secretory-base trichomes, mucilaginous idioblasts, and phenolic idioblasts are confirmed for the species. Craspedodromous venation, papillose epidermis and marginal vascular bundles are shared by species of the Lineata clade and are considered a possible synapomorphy for the group. Our data reveal new useful characters for taxonomy of Machaerium species, reinforce the recognition of the monophyly of the Lineata clade, and support future studies focused on the systematics of the genus.
Systematic modelling of barriers to solar energy integration in coal-intensive steel manufacturing settings: a case study in India
Authors: Sangode Pallawi Baldeo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
India’s coal supplies are becoming low, hence a switch to renewable energy is required. Strategic planning and investment in renewable energy are urgently needed to ensure energy security and reduce environmental effect, given the growing demand and environmental concerns. In India, one of the biggest users of coal is the steel industry. Even with the country’s increased attention to renewable energy, there is still a gap between the state of renewable energy sources now and what the coal-intensive steel industries anticipate for them in the future. Therefore, in order for the industry to overcome these obstacles, impediments to adopting solar energy as a green source must be investigated. The purpose of this article is to model the obstacles that prevent solar energy from being used in India’s coal-intensive steel industries. The interpretive structural modelling method is used to establish interrelationships within the barriers. The findings of this study indicate that the Indian solar energy model is indicative of a complex transition towards solar energy, which would necessitate an integrative approach, including government support, financial assistance, and infrastructural development.
Long-term effectiveness and safety of deucravacitinib for psoriasis: a 52-week real-world study of genital, scalp and nail lesions
Authors: Hagino Teppei , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujimoto Eita , Kanda Naoko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The long-term (around 1-year) effectiveness and safety of deucravacitinib for the treatment of psoriasis have not been extensively studied in real-world settings, particularly in difficult-to-treat areas, such as the genital, scalp and nail regions.

Objectives
To evaluate the 52-week real-world effectiveness and safety of deucravacitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis of the genital, scalp and nail regions.

Methods
This prospective study analysed 104 patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with deucravacitinib. Clinical scores, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), both static and site-specific Physician Global Assessment (PGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and laboratory inflammatory indices were assessed during a 52-week period.

Results
Deucravacitinib decreased clinical severity scores, and the decrease was sustained for 52 weeks. At week 52, 86% (37/43), 63% (27/43) and 26% (11/43) of patients achieved PASI 75, PASI 90 and PASI 100 reductions (representing a ≥ 75%, ≥ 90% or 100% improvement from baseline), respectively. Deucravacitinib reduced the PGA scores for the genital, scalp and nail regions, as well as the DLQI. Among the patients who completed the 52-week treatment, no significant impact on laboratory inflammatory indices was observed, and no severe or lethal adverse events were reported. Not all patients completed the full 52-week treatment period, as some discontinued early due to adverse events or for other reasons.

Conclusions
Deucravacitinib may be a promising long-term treatment option for psoriasis, demonstrating sustained effectiveness and safety, including in difficult-to-treat areas, such as the genital, scalp and nail regions in real-world clinical practice.
Activation of aryl chlorides through π-coordination for radical coupling with arenes
Authors: Nagata Masaya , Itonaga Keita , Mutoh Yuichiro , Endo Kohei , Ilies Laurean 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
π-Coordination of an aryl chloride to a chromium carbonyl fragment promotes radical coupling with an arene in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide as a base and a catalytic amount of a spirobipyridine derivative as a promoter. After the removal of chromium under oxidative conditions, biaryl compounds are obtained in moderate to good yields. The chloroarene itself can be used as the substrate after arene exchange with a chromium naphthalene complex to generate the chromium chloroarene complex in situ, followed by radical reaction with an arene.
Cholera in Haiti: A Tale of Two Interventions
Authors: Aydogan M Behesti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article contextualises the historical continuum of interventions in Haiti. First, I describe the phase of transition from a multinational intervention into an institutional/international intervention. The process of transition establishes the historical continuality between different interventions. The interventions at the hands of multinational groupings and the subsequent take-over and furtherance of interventions by international organisations present an enjoined structure. Second, the institutional engagement with the question of responsibility reinforces this historical continuality. The practice of ex gratia responsibility by international organisations links interventionist practices with a history of colonial benevolence.
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors reduce the risk of adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury in diabetic patients
Authors: Liao Hung-Wei , Cheng Chung-Yi , Chen Hsing-Yu , Chen Jui-Yi , Pan Heng-Chih , Huang Tao-Min , Wu Vin-Cent 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4is) are considered safe for use in patients with diabetes mellitus and kidney dysfunction. We explored whether usage of DPP4is in patients who recovered from dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI) could reduce the risk of future cardiac and kidney events.

Methods
We used the TriNetX platform to investigate whether the use of DPP4is in diabetes mellitus patients within 90 days of discharge from acute kidney disease could reduce the risk of all-cause mortality, major adverse kidney events (MAKEs), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and re-dialysis. The patients were followed for 5 years or until the occurrence of significant outcomes, with cohort data collected from 1 January 2016 to 30 September 2022.

Results
The cohort utilizing DPP4is comprised 7348 patients with acute kidney disease, while the control group encompassed 229 417 individuals. After applying propensity score matching, 7343 patients (age 66.2 ± 13.4 years; male, 49.9%) who used DPP4is showed a significant reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.89; E-value 1.50 , MAKEs (aHR 0.86; E-value 1.59), MACEs (aHR 0.91; E-value 1.44), and re-dialysis (aHR 0.73; E-value 2.10) after a median follow-up of 2.4 years.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that in diabetes mellitus patients concurrently experiencing acute kidney disease, DPP4i usage could decrease the risk of mortality, MAKEs, MACEs, and re-dialysis. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of tailored treatment strategies involving DPP4i for acute kidney disease patients.
Beyond the Veil of Market Prices - The Implications of Ecologically Unequal Exchange for Conceptualizations of Technological Development: A Critical Survey
Authors: Hornborg Alf 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article surveys the emergence of theories of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE) and outlines the implications of an EUE perspective for a materialist conceptualization of trade and technological development. It briefly traces the progression of new perspectives and methodologies for identifying EUE from the early 1970s, reviewing the genealogy of concerns with asymmetric global transfers of embodied energy, materials, land, and labor that are obscured by the fictive reciprocity of market prices. Trade that is perceived by mainstream economists as balanced in monetary terms may be highly asymmetric in terms of transfers of biophysical resources. Contrary to the mainstream view, EUE theory holds that the material substance of traded commodities may have significant implications for the capacity of different geographical areas to accumulate technological infrastructure, achieve economic growth, and displace environmental pressures to other regions or countries. The article argues that such non-monetary transfers should be understood in terms of biophysical metrics rather than economic values, shifting the perspective from monetary valuation to the material properties of traded commodities. Net transfers of embodied resources through trade do not just represent economic cost-shifting but are physically constitutive of productive infrastructures. This focus on social metabolism signifies an ontological shift from neoclassical to ecological economics. The EUE perspective illuminates how modern technologies are no less fetishized than other commodities in the sense that they obscure social relations of exchange. It indicates that local technological progress, such as the Industrial Revolution in Britain, may reflect asymmetric global resource flows.
Reproductive behavior and early immature morphology of Portschinskia magnifica: implications for evolutionary biology in bot flies (Diptera: Oestridae)
Authors: Li Xinyu , Xu Wentian , Fan Yaqian , Zhang Dong , Pape Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Portschinskia Semenov is a rare genus of bot flies whose larvae are obligate parasites of pikas and murine rodents, crucial for understanding the evolutionary biology of Oestridae. However, limited information on their adult biology and early immature stages has hindered the progress. Here, we provided the first documentation of adult oviposition, behavior, and morphology of newly hatched first instars of P. magnifica Pleske. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we characterized the ultrastructure of egg and first-instar larva, identifying key traits facilitating attachment. Eggs were deposited individually or in groups, and glued on non-host surfaces with white adhesive substances, without specialized attachment organ. Newly hatched first instars were circled with an anterior spinose band on each body segment except the anal division, awaited hosts in an upright position, and anchored to the egg shell by their anal division, likely supported by curved spines originating from the peritreme of the posterior spiracles. Evolutionary analyses of reproductive behavior across the 4 bot fly subfamilies reveal at least 3 times independent evolution of oviposition on non-host surfaces in Portschinskia or the Hypodermatinae clade as a sister group to Ochotonia, Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius) (Gasterophilinae), and Cuterebrinae. In contrast, species in the Oestrinae are larviparous, depositing first instars directly onto hosts. Our findings shed light on oviposition behavior and early immature morphology of the rare genus Portschinskia, offering insights into reproductive strategies and evolutionary adaptations of bot flies.
Behavior and survival of parasitic Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) fledglings
Authors: Crudele Ignacio , Riovitti Bruno , Reboreda Juan C , Fiorini Vanina D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For songbirds, the post-fledging period is critical for development and survival, as young must learn to get food, practice flying, and identify predators to become independent from their parents and disperse or migrate. Obligate avian brood parasites, like cuckoos and cowbirds, lay eggs in nests of other bird species that provide parental care until the parasite’s young become independent. The information on the post-fledging period in songbirds is limited due to the difficulty in following and observing fledglings and it is even scarcer for brood parasites. We studied the behavior, survival, and age of independence of Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis) fledglings raised by 2 hosts that differ markedly in body size: the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) and the Chalk-Browed Mockingbird (Mimus saturninus). We radio-tracked individuals from a few days before they left the nest until they disappeared from the natal territory. We found: (1) chicks left the nest when they were 11–15 days of age and the age of fledgling did not differ between the 2 host species, (2) after leaving the nest, they spent most of the time perched in a hidden place without begging but as they grew, the proportion of time perched without begging decreased and begging in hidden and exposed places increased, (3) we observed approaches between adult parasitic females and young in host territories, (4) young abandoned the host territory and joined conspecific flocks when they were 35–39 days of age, and (5) the estimated post-fledging survival was between 12.5% and 20.8%.
Natal and breeding dispersal patterns in a patchy population of the western yellow wagtail
Authors: Shitikov Dmitry , Grachev Nikita , Grudinskaya Viktoria , Grabovsky Alexander , Samsonov Stanislav , Korolev Alexey , Makarova Tatiana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dispersal is an important life history trait with significant consequences for spatially structured populations, as the exchange of individuals between habitat patches is crucial for maintaining metapopulation connectivity. In this study, we used a long-term data set (2005–2023) to describe dispersal patterns in a patchy population of the Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava within a large (approximately 1,300 km2) study area in the boreal zone of European Russia. We quantified dispersal distances for birds that dispersed outside their natal or breeding habitat patches and applied a multistate capture–recapture approach to estimate natal and breeding dispersal probabilities. Of 395 adult wagtails and 1,610 nestlings ringed, 3% of birds ringed as adults and 3% of birds ringed as nestlings were resighted outside their natal or breeding patches. The probability of natal dispersal (0.29 ± 0.05) was significantly higher than the probability of breeding dispersal (0.05 ± 0.01). The median natal dispersal distances (2.8 km for males, 3.9 km for females) were the same as the median breeding dispersal distances (2.7 km for males, 3.9 km for females). We did not find a significant effect of the fledging date on either the natal dispersal distance or the natal dispersal probability. Similarly, we did not find a significant effect of the previous reproductive success on either the breeding dispersal distance or the breeding dispersal probability. Our results indicate that strong breeding site fidelity and short-distance natal dispersal are the dominant dispersal strategies in a patchy population of the western yellow wagtail.
Probe my Pathway (PmP): a portal to explore the chemical coverage of the human Reactome
Authors: Kwak Haejin Angela , Liu Lihua , Schapira Matthieu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Deciphering pathway–phenotype associations is critical for a system-wide understanding of cells and the chemistry of life. An approach to reach this goal is to systematically modulate pathways pharmacologically. The targeted and controlled regulation of an increasing number of proteins is becoming possible, thanks to the growing list of chemical probes and chemogenomic compounds available to cell biologists, but no resource is available that directly maps these chemical tools on cellular pathways. To fill this gap, we developed Probe my Pathway (PmP), a database where high-quality chemical probes and well-characterized sets of chemogenomic compounds are mapped on all the human pathways of the Reactome database. The web interface allows users to browse the data via icicle charts or search the data for compounds, proteins, or pathways. Chemists can rapidly find pathways with low chemical coverage or explore the structural chemistry of ligands targeting specific cellular machineries. Cell biologists can look for chemical probes targeting different proteins in the same pathway or find which pathways are targeted by chemical probes of interest. PmP is updated annually and will grow with the expanding chemical tool kit produced by Target 2035 and other efforts.
Database URL: https://apps.thesgc.org/pmp/
Epigenetic control of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis by m4C DNA methylation in a cyanobacterium
Authors: Schmidt Nils , Stappert Nils , Nimura-Matsune Kaori , Watanabe Satoru , Sobotka Roman , Hagemann Martin , Hess Wolfgang R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Epigenetic DNA modifications are pivotal in eukaryotic gene expression, but their regulatory significance in bacteria is less understood. In Synechocystis 6803, the DNA methyltransferase M.Ssp6803II modifies the first cytosine in the GGCC motif, forming N4-methylcytosine (GGm4CC). Deletion of the sll0729 gene encoding M.Ssp6803II (∆sll0729) caused a bluish phenotype due to reduced chlorophyll levels, which was reversed by suppressor mutations. Re-sequencing of 7 suppressor clones revealed a common GGCC to GGTC mutation in the slr1790 promoter’s discriminator sequence, encoding protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, HemJ, crucial for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses indicated aberrant slr1790 expression in ∆sll0729 mutants. This aberration led to the accumulation of coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX, indicative of impaired HemJ activity. To confirm the importance of DNA methylation in hemJ expression, hemJ promoter variants with varying discriminator sequences were introduced into the wild type, followed by sll0729 deletion. The sll0729 deletion segregated in strains with the GGTC discriminator motif, resulting in wild-type-like pigmentation, whereas freshly prepared ∆sll0729 mutants with the native hemJ promoter exhibited the bluish phenotype. These findings demonstrate that hemJ is tightly regulated in Synechocystis and that N4-methylcytosine is essential for proper hemJ expression. Thus, cytosine N4-methylation is a relevant epigenetic marker in Synechocystis and likely other cyanobacteria.