bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissection of Incomplete Fissure Using Electrocautery Is a Safe and Acceptable Method for Thoracoscopic Right Upper Lobectomy
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhang Linyou 
Published: May 2018

Objective The incidence of prolonged air leak may be highest after right upper lobectomy due to incomplete minor fissure. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of direct electrocautery division and suture with that of a fissureless technique during thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy with incomplete fissure.
Methods One hundred and two patients underwent right upper lobectomy between January 2016 and December 2016. Of these, 60 patients underwent a right upper lobectomy conducted using the fissureless technique (group A), and 42 consecutive patients underwent a right upper lobectomy via electrocautery division of the fissure and suture (group B). The preoperative, operative, and postoperative parameters were compared between the two groups.
Results The electrocautery and suture group had a higher incidence of prolonged air leak (> 5 days) (30% [12/40] vs 11% [7/62], p = 0.00), a higher incidence of air leakage (20 [32%] vs 38 [95%], p = 0.00), a longer air leak duration (days) (4.93 ± 0.86 vs 3.00 ± 1.60 days, p = 0.00), a longer duration of chest tube (mean 5.30 ± 1.20 vs 3.13 ± 1.88 days, p = 0.00), and a lower hospitalization cost (6463.28 ± 958.30 vs 7459.07 ± 1185.00 €, p = 0.00) than did the fissureless technique group. No differences were observed with respect to patient characteristics, operative characteristics, perioperative mortality, or duration of hospital stay after surgery.
Conclusions The number of patients with prolonged air leak was higher in the electrocautery group. However, electrocautery does not prolong overall length of stay and decreases hospitalization costs. Dissection of incomplete fissure using electrocautery is a safe and acceptable method for thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy.
Synthesis of Eugenol–Lauryl Methacrylate Copolymers via Cationic Polymerization
Authors: Fajrin A , Marliana SD , Handayani D S 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Eugenol is one of the most abundant natural resources in Indonesia. The recently bio-based polymer resin is created based on eugenol because eugenol is functionalized with the polymerizable group. In order to improve the functional properties of eugenol, in this research Eugenol–Lauryl Methacrylate copolymers (co-poly(Eg-LMA)) were synthesized by cationic polymerization using H2SO4 as an initiator under the nitrogen atmosphere. Structure identification of the copolymer showed the absorption of the vinyl group from the monomers disappear at the analysis through FTIR at the wave number 1637-1639 and 985-995 cm-1 and also 1H-NMR on the chemical shift 5,97 and 5,08 ppm. The resulting copolymers obtained brown powder in 32.03 % yieldsand melting point at 96 – 97 °C. Solubility test of the co-poly(Eg-LMA) showed that the polymer couldnot soluble in water but soluble in chloroform, diethyl ether, and benzene. Average molecular weight of co-poly(Eg-LMA) Led Ostwald viscometry was obtained 42020 with the degree of polymerization by 200.
The Long‐Term Effects of Meat Recalls on Futures Markets
Authors: Houser Matthew , Dorfman Jeffrey H , Rejesus Roderick M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the past twenty years, there has been an increasing trend in the number of food safety events. Despite increased safety control standards, foodborne disease outbreaks continue to impact the food supply. A common source of foodborne illness and fatal infection is beef, with potential causes being E. coli 0157: H7, Listeria Monocytogenes, and Salmonella. Certain companies have even been bankrupted, unable to overcome the social costs and economic losses associated with recalls. We look beyond the impact on processors to see the amount of impact transmitted through price channels to cattle farmers. We examine beef recalls over a twenty‐year period through an accumulated two‐year index to see if there is a prolonged effect of recalls on current weekly cattle prices. We find that food safety events act together, adversely impacting prices and decreasing farm‐level revenue. The finding that economic harm to the beef industry from food safety events lingers for at least two years suggests that the industry should do more to reduce food safety incidents.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Land Use, and Food Supply under the Paris Climate Agreement—Policy Choice in Norway
Authors: Blandford David , Gaasland Ivar , Vårdal Erling 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe study the potential for reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without sacrificing food security in Norway. We show that it is possible to achieve a 40% reduction in direct agricultural emissions without compromising domestic food supply in terms of calories and protein. Combined GHG and food supply targets can be met using substantially less land and agricultural support. Dietary changes involve a 30% reduction in meat consumption and a 10% to 20% reduction in the consumption of dairy products, counterbalanced by increased consumption of vegetable products. Although the numerical results are specific to Norway, they are relevant for other rich countries. A consistent pattern in these countries is that ruminant animals impose a heavy toll in terms of both GHG emissions and land use relative to their contribution to food energy production.
Cluster-Randomized Test-Negative Design Trials: A Novel and Efficient Method to Assess the Efficacy of Community-Level Dengue Interventions
Authors: Anders Katherine L , Cutcher Zoe , Kleinschmidt Immo , Donnelly Christl A , Ferguson Neil M , Indriani Citra , Ryan Peter A , O’Neill Scott L , Jewell Nicholas P , Simmons Cameron P 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Cluster-randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for assessing efficacy of community-level interventions, such as vector-control strategies against dengue. We describe a novel cluster-randomized trial methodology with a test-negative design (CR-TND), which offers advantages over traditional approaches. This method uses outcome-based sampling of patients presenting with a syndrome consistent with the disease of interest, who are subsequently classified as test-positive cases or test-negative controls on the basis of diagnostic testing. We used simulations of a cluster trial to demonstrate validity of efficacy estimates under the test-negative approach. We demonstrated that, provided study arms are balanced for both test-negative and test-positive illness at baseline and that other test-negative design assumptions are met, the efficacy estimates closely match true efficacy. Analytical considerations for an odds ratio–based effect estimate arising from clustered data and potential approaches to analysis are also discussed briefly. We concluded that application of the test-negative design to certain cluster-randomized trials could increase their efficiency and ease of implementation.
Relationship of the oxidative damage biomarker 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α to risk of lung cancer development in the Shanghai Cohort Study
Authors: Yuan Jian-Min , Carmella Steven G , Wang Renwei , Tan Yu-Ting , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Gao Yu-Tang , Hecht Stephen S 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the pathogenesis of lung cancer induced by cigarette smoking involves oxidative damage by free radicals. Epidemiological data on biomarkers of oxidative damage and risk of lung cancer development are sparse. A nested case–control study of 610 lung cancer cases and 610 matched controls was conducted within a prospective cohort of 18 244 Chinese men in Shanghai, China. The concentrations of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epiPGF2α), a biomarker of oxidative stress, were determined in baseline urine samples using a validated mass-spectrometry assay. Current smokers had significantly higher level of 8-epiPGF2α than former smokers or never smokers (P &lt; 0.001). 8-epiPGF2α levels were significantly higher in lung cancer cases than their smoking-matched controls in former and current smokers, but not different in never smokers (P for interaction = 0.019). The relative risks of developing lung cancer for former and current smokers in the highest relative to the lowest quartile of 8-epiPGF2α were 5.25 (Ptrend = 0.035) and 1.99 (Ptrend =0.007), respectively. The effect of 8-epiPGF2α and biomarkers of cigarette smoke exposure on lung cancer risk was additive; the relative risk was 5.33 (95% confidence interval = 2.65–7.51) for current smokers with the highest thirds of 8-epiPGF2α and total cotinine compared with their lowest thirds. Smokers with a heightened state of oxidative stress in response to the insults of cigarette smoking may be more susceptible to smoking-induced lung carcinogenesis.
Determinants of incentive preferences for health behavior change in Japan
Authors: Takada Toshihiko , Fukuma Shingo , Yamamoto Yosuke , Shimizu Sayaka , Nihata Kakuya , Miyashita Jun , Azuma Teruhisa , Hayashi Michio , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Interest in the use of incentives to promote health behavior change has been growing worldwide. However, to develop an effective incentive program, accurate information regarding individual preferences is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study was to clarify determinants of incentive preferences for health behavior change. A self-completed questionnaire survey regarding incentives for health behavior change was conducted in a Japanese village in 2015. The outcome measures were individual preferences for features of incentives, including item, frequency, type and value. The types of incentives were defined as follows: assured-type (given for participation); effort-type (given if participants make some kind of effort); and outcome-type (given if participants make achievements decided a priori). The associations with respondents’ sex, age, presence of lifestyle-related disease and stage in the transtheoretical model of health behavior change were investigated using multivariate analysis. A total of 1469 residents responded to the survey. Significant associations with preference for different incentive features were found as follows: for monetary items, female and elderly; for high frequency, female and maintenance stage; for effort-type, male, action stage and contemplation stage; and for outcome-type, maintenance stage and action stage. Our results appeared to identify determinants of incentive preferences for health behavior change. These findings are expected to promote the development of an incentive program more in tune with individual preferences.
The Homology Class of a Poisson Transversal
Authors: Frejlich Pedro , Mărcuț Ioan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This note is devoted to the study of the homology class of a compact Poisson transversal in a Poisson manifold. For specific classes of Poisson structures, such as unimodular Poisson structures and Poisson manifolds with closed leaves, we prove that all their compact Poisson transversals represent nontrivial homology classes, generalizing the symplectic case. We discuss several examples in which this property does not hold, as well as a weaker version of this property, which holds for log-symplectic structures. Finally, we extend our results to Dirac geometry.
General Variational Formulas for Abelian Differentials
Authors: Hu Xuntao , Norton Chaya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe use the jump problem technique developed in a recent paper [9] to compute the variational formula of any stable differential and its periods to arbitrary precision in plumbing coordinates. In particular, we give the explicit variational formula for the degeneration of the period matrix, easily reproving the results of Yamada [21] for nodal curves with one node and extending them to an arbitrary stable curve. Concrete examples are included. We also apply the same technique to give an alternative proof of the sufficiency part of the theorem in [1] on the closures of strata of differentials with prescribed multiplicities of zeroes and poles.
Radiological Management of Angiographically Negative, Spontaneous Intracranial Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Study of Utilization and Diagnostic Yield
Authors: Sadigh Gelareh , Menon Ranjith K , Bhojak Maneesh , Aladi Abather , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Wu Lei , Lehman Vance T , Brinjikji Waleed , Dehkharghani Seena , Derakhshani Ahrya , Mossa-Basha Feras , Allen Jason W 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The optimal diagnostic evaluation for patients with angiographically negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (AN-SAH) remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the utilization rate and diagnostic yield of imaging tests routinely obtained in identifying a structural cause for AN-SAH.

METHODS
In this retrospective multicenter study, consecutive adult patients admitted with nontraumatic, AN-SAH between 01/2010 and 12/2015 were included. Patients with intraparenchymal, subdural, or epidural hematomas in addition to SAH were excluded. Outcomes studied included utilization rate, diagnostic yield, and median time from admission for the following imaging tests: initial computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), brain and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and any repeat DSA or CTA performed either during initial admission or at long-term follow-up.

RESULTS
A total of 752 patients were included (mean age, 53 yr; 54% male). Initial CTA and DSA were performed in 89% and 100% of patients, respectively. Brain MRI was performed in 75% of patients and was positive in 0.7% of cases. Cervical spine MRI was performed in 61% of patients and was positive in 0.2% of cases. Repeat, same-admission follow-up DSA and CTA were performed in 48% and 51% of patients and were positive in 3.3% and 1% of cases, respectively. Delayed follow-up DSA and CTA after discharge were performed in 26% and 7% of patients and were positive in 2% and 3.7% of cases, respectively, all with negative prior imaging studies.

CONCLUSION
Cervical spine and brain MRI have extremely low diagnostic yield, both are commonly utilized in patients with AN-SAH; while repeat DSA and CTA are utilized less commonly and have slightly higher diagnostic yield.
Overcoming Challenges of Cranial Nerve Tractography: A Targeted Review
Authors: Jacquesson Timothée , Frindel Carole , Kocevar Gabriel , Berhouma Moncef , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Attyé Arnaud , Cotton Francois 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Diffusion imaging tractography caught the attention of the scientific community by describing the white matter architecture in vivo and noninvasively, but its application to small structures such as cranial nerves remains difficult. The few attempts to track cranial nerves presented highly variable acquisition and tracking settings.

OBJECTIVE
To conduct and present a targeted review collecting all technical details and pointing out challenges and solutions in cranial nerve tractography.

METHODS
A “targeted” review of the scientific literature was carried out using the MEDLINE database. We selected studies that reported how to perform the tractography of cranial nerves, and extracted the following: clinical context; imaging acquisition settings; tractography parameters; regions of interest (ROIs) design; and filtering methods.

RESULTS
Twenty-one published articles were included. These studied the optic nerves in suprasellar tumors, the trigeminal nerve in neurovascular conflicts, the facial nerve position around vestibular schwannomas, or all cranial nerves. Over time, the number of MRI diffusion gradient directions increased from 6 to 101. Nine tracking software packages were used which offered various types of tridimensional display. Tracking parameters were disparately detailed except for fractional anisotropy, which ranged from 0.06 to 0.5, and curvature angle, which was set between 20° and 90°. ROI design has evolved towards a multi-ROI strategy. Furthermore, new algorithms are being developed to avoid spurious tracts and improve angular resolution.

CONCLUSION
This review highlights the variability in the settings used for cranial nerve tractography. It points out challenges that originate both from cranial nerve anatomy and the tractography technology, and allows a better understanding of cranial nerve tractography.
Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Smoking Following Release From Smoke-Free Prisons
Authors: Puljević Cheneal , Segan Catherine J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionGiven the current proliferation of prison smoke-free policies internationally, and the multiple benefits of continued smoking abstinence for correctional populations, improved understanding of factors influencing postrelease smoking abstinence is required to inform support strategies aimed at individuals exiting smoke-free prisons.MethodsWe systematically searched health, social science, and criminal justice databases for studies relating to smoking behaviors among people released from smoke-free prisons. Studies were included if: they were published between January 1, 2000 and July 26, 2017; they were published in English; the population was people who were incarcerated or formerly incarcerated in prisons with total smoke-free policies; and the reported outcomes included measures of: (1) prerelease intention to smoke or remain abstinent from smoking following release, (2) smoking relapse or abstinence following release, or (3) quit attempts following postrelease smoking relapse. Both authors independently screened returned citations to assess eligibility and reviewed studies for methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.ResultsFifteen of 121 publications were included. The evidence base in this area is small, almost exclusively US-based, and is mostly methodologically weak. Interventions delivered both pre and postrelease, that strengthen intention to quit, integrate with other substance-use treatment, and facilitate social support for quitting may help maintain postrelease smoking abstinence.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for high-quality research to inform interventions to reduce high smoking relapse rates upon release from smoke-free prisons, to extend the multiple benefits of continued smoking abstinence into the community.ImplicationsInterventions designed to help people remain abstinent from tobacco following release from smoke-free prisons are an important opportunity to improve the health, finances, and well-being of this vulnerable population.
Fortran interface layer of the framework for developing particle simulator FDPS
Authors: Namekata Daisuke , Iwasawa Masaki , Nitadori Keigo , Tanikawa Ataru , Muranushi Takayuki , Wang Long , Hosono Natsuki , Nomura Kentaro , Makino Junichiro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Numerical simulations based on particle methods have been widely used in various fields including astrophysics. To date, various versions of simulation software have been developed by individual researchers or research groups in each field, through a huge amount of time and effort, even though the numerical algorithms used are very similar. To improve the situation, we have developed a framework, called FDPS (Framework for Developing Particle Simulators), which enables researchers to develop massively parallel particle simulation codes for arbitrary particle methods easily. Until version 3.0, FDPS provided an API (application programming interface) for the C++ programming language only. This limitation comes from the fact that FDPS is developed using the template feature in C++, which is essential to support arbitrary data types of particle. However, there are many researchers who use Fortran to develop their codes. Thus, the previous versions of FDPS require such people to invest much time to learn C++. This is inefficient. To cope with this problem, we developed a Fortran interface layer in FDPS, which provides API for Fortran. In order to support arbitrary data types of particle in Fortran, we design the Fortran interface layer as follows. Based on a given derived data type in Fortran representing particle, a Python script provided by us automatically generates a library that manipulates the C++ core part of FDPS. This library is seen as a Fortran module providing an API of FDPS from the Fortran side and uses C programs internally to interoperate Fortran with C++. In this way, we have overcome several technical issues when emulating a ‘template’ in Fortran. Using the Fortran interface, users can develop all parts of their codes in Fortran. We show that the overhead of the Fortran interface part is sufficiently small and a code written in Fortran shows a performance practically identical to the one written in C++.
Association of e-cigarette use with oral health: a population-based cross-sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Huilgol Priyanka , Bhatt Surya P , Biligowda Niranjan , Wright Nicole C , Wells J Michael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The impact of daily or intermittent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on oral health is unknown.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional analysis using the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Poor oral health was determined by the number of permanent teeth removed due to non-traumatic causes, and e-cigarette use determined by daily or intermittent use within 30 days prior to survey administration. We performed logistic regression analysis to test associations between e-cigarette use and oral health with adjustment for factors associated with poor oral health, survey clustering, strata and weight.

Results
We included survey responses from 456 343 adults. Over half of respondents (51.5%) reported having at least one permanent tooth removed because of tooth decay or gum disease in their lifetime. Daily e-cigarette use was reported by 4957 (1.1%) of respondents. In multivariable analysis, daily e-cigarette use, was independently associated with a 78% higher odds of poor oral health (adjusted OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.39–2.30; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In a population-based health survey of US adults, self-reported health behavior and outcomes, daily use, but not intermittent use of e-cigarettes was independently associated with poor oral health. Care must be exercised in seeking ‘healthier’ cigarette alternatives.
Is gonadotropin stimulation bad for oocytes?
Authors: Lindenberg Svend , Almind Gitte J. , Lindenberg Frederikke B. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Gonadotrophin in IVF increases the number of oocytes retrieved, and many doctors regard a high number of oocytes as a measurement of success in IVF. Thus, the dogma of more oocytes provides better IVF success has been broadly accepted. However, some European fertility specialists have argued against this concept, saying fewer eggs might, in some instances, be a better option for the patient.

Recent findings
The concept of ‘one size fits all’ stimulation in artificial reproductive technologies is not broadly supported by the current literature. The ovarian stimulation strategy has to be viewed in relation to cost, infrastructure and economics, expectations from the doctors and the patients, and more importantly the local legislation. Furthermore, also luteal phase, epigenetic factors and patient safety is a matter of concern. Studies show that in the fresh cycle, ovarian stimulation might have an impact on the epigenetics, quality of the embryo and increase the risk of ovarian hyper stimulation. Strategies like agonist triggering or ‘freeze all’ can help during a fresh cycle. However, there is an ongoing debate whether these strategies might increase time to pregnancy or not.

Summary
In conclusion, each fertility clinic setup has its own benefits and gonadotropin hyperstimulation in IVF has to be related to this and the specific patient demographic in the clinic; however, epigenetics and time to pregnancy are still issues open to debate.