bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorpyrifos activates cell pyroptosis and increases susceptibility on oxidative stress‐induced toxicity by miR‐181/SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Zhao Meng‐Wen , Yang Pu , Zhao Ling‐Ling 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe insecticide exposure has been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). In the present study, we used a most widely used cell line in study of PD, the SH‐SY5Y cells, to investigate mechanisms of chlorpyrifos (CPF) induced cell toxicity and the possible roles of cell pyroptosis and oxidative stress in SH‐SY5Y cells, as well as role of miR‐181/SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway in this process.MethodsSH‐SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of CPF. Cell viability was measured using CCK‐8 assay. Cell pyroptosis was determined by immunofluorescence of caspase‐1 and TUNEL assay. The miR‐181 (has‐miR‐181‐5p) level was determined by qRT‐PCR. Expression of SIRT1, PGC‐1α, Nrf2, and pyroptosis related proteins NLRP3, caspase‐1, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 was determined by both qRT‐PCR and Western blotting.ResultsCell viability was found to be decreased with the increased CPF concentrations. The pyroptosis related proteins, ROS levels, as well as level of caspase‐1 and the TUNEL positive cells were all significantly up‐regulated by CPF. Meanwhile, expression of miR‐181 and pyroptosis proteins was also enhanced, while the SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 signaling was inhibited by CPF. Knockdown of Nrf2 significantly up‐regulated the expression of pyroptosis related proteins, ROS level, caspase‐1, and the TUNEL positive cells, while over‐expression of Nrf2 resulted in opposite results. The expression of PGC‐1α and Nrf2 was significantly down‐regulated when SIRT1 was inhibited, while over‐expressed SIRT1 led to increased PGC‐1α and Nrf2 levels. Besides, miR‐181 promoted the CPF induced activation of pyroptosis and oxidative stress, as well as down‐regulated SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 signaling, while inhibition of miR‐181 led to opposite results.ConclusionsChlorpyrifos could inhibit cell proliferation, activate cell pyroptosis and increase susceptibility on oxidative stress‐induced toxicity by elevating miR‐181 through down‐regulation of the SIRT1/PGC‐1α/Nrf2 pathway in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. This study might give deeper insights for mechanisms of CPF induced toxicity and might give some novel research targets for PD treatment.
Transcriptomic analyses of human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS‐2B exposed to brominated flame retardant (tetrabromobisphenol A)
Authors: Wu Shijin , Zhu Zhenzhen , Chen Jialin , Wu Mei , Qiu Lequan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) are supposed to act as disruptors of cell signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain less clear. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B) were used to investigate the toxic effect and gene expression changes induced by tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). By genome‐wide approaches with Illumina RNA‐seq, 87 genes were identified to exhibit ≥1.5‐fold changes in expression after treatment by TBBPA for 48 h, among which, 79 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) annotation enriched unigenes were divided into three clusters: biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF). Pathway analysis showed that NF‐κB, TNF signaling, toll‐like receptor, MAPK signaling and B‐cell receptor were the most prominent pathways affected by TBBPA, which play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and cell differentiation, inflammatory response. Finally, for verifying the accuracy of microarray analysis, qRT‐PCR was used to analyze the transcription level of key genes in the above signaling pathways, and ELISA assay confirmed the effect of TBBPA on the levels of CXCL‐2, CCL‐3, CCL‐4, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6. These findings provided important information for further exploitation of the mechanisms under‐lying BFR‐induced adverse health effects.
Principles of confounder selection
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelecting an appropriate set of confounders for which to control is critical for reliable causal inference. Recent theoretical and methodological developments have helped clarify a number of principles of confounder selection. When complete knowledge of a causal diagram relating all covariates to each other is available, graphical rules can be used to make decisions about covariate control. Unfortunately, such complete knowledge is often unavailable. This paper puts forward a practical approach to confounder selection decisions when the somewhat less stringent assumption is made that knowledge is available for each covariate whether it is a cause of the exposure, and whether it is a cause of the outcome. Based on recent theoretically justified developments in the causal inference literature, the following proposal is made for covariate control decisions: control for each covariate that is a cause of the exposure, or of the outcome, or of both; exclude from this set any variable known to be an instrumental variable; and include as a covariate any proxy for an unmeasured variable that is a common cause of both the exposure and the outcome. Various principles of confounder selection are then further related to statistical covariate selection methods.
Evaluation of radial basis function neural network minimizing L-GEM for sensor-based activity recognition
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Ng Wing W. Y. , Zhang Jianjun , Nugent Chris D. , Irvine Naomi , Wang Ting 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSensor-based activity recognition involves the automatic recognition of a user’s activity in a smart environment using computational methods. The use of wearable devices and video-based approaches have attracted considerable interest in ubiquitous computing. Nevertheless, these methods have limitations such as issues with privacy invasion, ethics, comfort and obtrusiveness. Environmental sensors are an increasingly promising consideration in the ubiquitous computing domain for long-term monitoring, as these devices are non-invasive to inhabitants, yet certain challenges remain with activity recognition in sensorised environments, for example, addressing the challenge of intraclass variation between activities and reasoning from low-level uncertain information. In an effort to address these challenges, this paper proposes and evaluates the performance of a Radial Basis Function Neural Network approach for activity recognition with environmental sensors. The model is trained using the Localized Generalization Error and focuses on the generalization ability by considering both the training error and stochastic sensitivity measure. This measures the network output fluctuation with respect to the minor perturbation of input, to address the tolerance of the low-level uncertain sensor data. This approach is compared with three benchmark Neural Network approaches, including a popular deep learning approach using an Autoencoder, and it is evaluated with a simulated dataset as well as a number of publicly available datasets. The proposed method has shown advantages over the other models for all four evaluated datasets. This paper provides insights into the importance of model generalization abilities and an initial analysis of the limitation of deep Neural Networks with respect to sensor-based activity recognition.
Family Change and Changing Family Demography
Authors: Seltzer Judith A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncreases in life expectancy, high rates of movement into and out of couple relationships, and increasing exposure to stepfamilies raise new questions about who is in a family, the distinction between who lives together and who is a family member, and the extent to which family members are expected to meet the long-term obligations that define kinship. These questions are important because families have traditionally served as a vital private safety net for family members. Demographic changes increase family members’ uncertainty about their relationships. Family ties are less stable and more uncertain among the economically disadvantaged, and uncertainty may exacerbate these disadvantages by weakening individuals’ ability to rely on family members’ support to alleviate hardship. I argue that demographers should focus on individuals’ family relationships to gain insight into living arrangements and family dynamics. I also outline the development of family concepts and improvements in study design to identify principles that demographers should incorporate in new research to shed light on families’ support for their members.
Subjective cognitive decline, APOE ε4, and incident mild cognitive impairment in men and women
Authors: Müller‐Gerards Diana , Weimar Christian , Abramowski Jessica , Tebrügge Sarah , Jokisch Martha , Dragano Nico , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Moebus Susanne , Winkler Angela ,   Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionPossible joint effects of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were examined for men and women separately.MethodsCognitively normal participants with and without SCD were included from the first follow‐up examination of the population‐based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Sex‐stratified logistic regression models estimated main effects and interactions (additive, multiplicative) of SCD at the first follow‐up (yes+/no−) and APOE ε4 (positive+/negative−) groups for MCI 5 years later.ResultsOdds for MCI 5 years later were higher in SCD/APOE ε4 group +/+ than the sum of groups +/− and −/+ in women, with a trend for positive interaction. Odds for incident MCI in men was highest in group +/−, with no interaction effect.DiscussionOur findings indicate that APOE ε4 may play an important role in the association of SCD and incident MCI, especially considering sex. Further studies need to examine these associations with larger sample sizes.
The Enduring Potential of Justified Hypernorms
Authors: Scholz Markus , de los Reyes Gastón , Smith N. Craig 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:The profound influence of Thomas Donaldson and Thomas Dunfee’s integrative social contracts theory (ISCT) on the field of business ethics has been challenged by Andreas Scherer and Guido Palazzo’s Habermasian approach, which has achieved prominence of late with articles that expressly question the defensibility of ISCT’s hypernorms. This article builds on recent efforts by Donaldson and Scherer to bridge their accounts by providing discursive foundations to the hypernorms at the heart of the ISCT framework. Extending prior literature, we propose an ISCT* framework designed to retain ISCT’s practical virtue of managerial guidance while answering the demands of Scherer and Palazzo’s discursive account. By subscribing to a suitable portfolio of discursively justified hypernorms, we argue, companies unlock the valuable moral guidance of ISCT*, which says to treat these hypernorms as unequivocal outer bounds to the pursuit of business and as a starting point to tailor local norms through discursive stakeholder engagement.
AN EXTENSION OF A THEOREM OF ZERMELO
Authors: VÄÄNÄNEN JOUKO 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe show that if $(M,{ \in _1},{ \in _2})$ satisfies the first-order Zermelo–Fraenkel axioms of set theory when the membership relation is ${ \in _1}$ and also when the membership relation is ${ \in _2}$, and in both cases the formulas are allowed to contain both ${ \in _1}$ and ${ \in _2}$, then $\left( {M, \in _1 } \right) \cong \left( {M, \in _2 } \right)$, and the isomorphism is definable in $(M,{ \in _1},{ \in _2})$. This extends Zermelo’s 1930 theorem in [6].
TWO QUESTIONS, ONE ANSWER: UNAMBIGUOUS RATIONALITY
Authors: Mueller Andy 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTTimothy Williamson recently argued that the notion of epistemic rationality is ambiguous between a Content-oriented schema and a Disposition-oriented schema. I argue that the Disposition-oriented schema suggested by Williamson is not faithful to the main idea behind it and that it should be replaced with the Disposition-Manifestation schema. This replacement suffices for avoiding Williamson's ambiguity thesis.
Drawing blood cultures through intravascular catheters: Controversy and update
Authors: Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudies published between 1999 and 2011 demonstrated increased blood culture contamination with catheter-drawn cultures compared with percutaneously-drawn cultures. Studies published between 2012 and 2015 reported that use of antiseptic barrier caps on central venous catheter hubs significantly reduces the incidence of catheter-drawn blood culture contamination. Local guidelines regarding sites for blood culture collection should reflect institution-level blood culture contamination rates for percutaneously-drawn and catheter-drawn cultures using currently available technologies that reduce contamination at both sites.
DESTRUCTIBILITY OF THE TREE PROPERTY AT ${\aleph _{\omega + 1}}$
Authors: HAYUT YAIR , MAGIDOR MENACHEM 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe construct a model in which the tree property holds in ${\aleph _{\omega + 1}}$ and it is destructible under $Col\left( {\omega ,{\omega _1}} \right)$. On the other hand we discuss some cases in which the tree property is indestructible under small or closed forcings.
Dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and digestive system cancers: an updated dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Xianlei , Li Xueying , Tang Mengyao , Liang Chao , Xu Yuan , Zhang Miaozun , Yu Weiming , Li Xiuyang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeveral studies analysed the associations between dietary carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) and digestive system cancers; however, the results remain controversial. This study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the quantitative and dose–response associations between carbohydrate intake, GI and GL, and risk of digestive system cancers. We searched medical and biological databases up to June 2018 and identified twenty-six cohort studies and eighteen case–control studies. Meta-analytic fixed or random effects models were applied to process data. We also performed dose–response analysis, meta-regression and subgroup analyses. We found that high levels of GI were significantly associated with the risk of digestive system cancers at the highest compared with the lowest categories from cohort studies (summary relative risk (RR)=1·10, 95 % CI 1·05, 1·15). Similar effects were observed from case–control studies of the comparison between the extreme categories, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (summary OR=1·28, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·69). We also observed significant dose–response association between GI and digestive system cancers, with every 10-unit increase in GI (summary RR=1·003; 95 % CI 1·000, 1·012 for cohort studies; summary OR=1·09; 95 % CI 1·06, 1·11 for case–control studies). In addition, both cohort studies and case–control studies indicated that neither dietary carbohydrate intake nor GL bore any statistical relationship to digestive system cancers from the results of the highest compared with the lowest categories analyses and dose–response analyses. The results suggest a moderate association between high-GI diets and the risk of digestive system cancers.
Symptoms are not the solution but the problem: Why psychiatric research should focus on processes rather than symptoms
Authors: Elbau Immanuel G. , Binder Elisabeth B. , Spoormaker Victor I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProgress in psychiatric research has been hindered by the use of artificial disease categories to map distinct biological substrates. Efforts to overcome this obstacle have led to the misconception that relevant psychiatric dimensions are not biologically reducible. Consequently, the return to phenomenology is once again advocated. We propose a process-centered paradigm of biological reduction compatible with non-reductive materialism.
Networks, intentionality and multiple realizability: Not enough to block reductionism
Authors: Eronen Markus I. , Bringmann Laura F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorsboom et al. propose that the network approach blocks reductionism in psychopathology. We argue that the two main arguments, intentionality and multiple realizability of mental disorders, are not sufficient to establish that mental disorders are not brain disorders, and that the specific role of networks in these arguments is unclear.
Indeed, not really a brain disorder: Implications for reductionist accounts of addiction
Authors: Field Matt , Heather Nick , Wiers Reinout W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorsboom et al.’s formulation provides an opportunity for a fundamental rethink about the “brain disease model” of addiction that dominates research, treatment, policy, and lay understanding of addiction. We also demonstrate how the American opioid crisis provides a contemporary example of how “brain disease” is not moderated by the environmental context but is instead crucially dependent upon it.
The value of clinical and translational neuroscience approaches to psychiatric illness
Authors: Hur Juyoen , Tillman Rachael M. , Fox Andrew S. , Shackman Alexander J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorsboom et al. confuse biological approaches with extreme biological reductionism and common-cause models of psychopathology. In muddling these concepts, they mistakenly throw the baby out with the bathwater. Here, we highlight recent work underscoring the unique value of clinical and translational neuroscience approaches for understanding the nature and origins of psychopathology and for developing improved intervention strategies.
Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.
Making a case for constructive reductionism
Authors: Müller Christian P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorsboom and colleagues argue that reductionism in psychopathology research has not provided the expected insights. Instead, they suggest a systems approach of interacting syndromes, which, however, falls short of a perspective for empirical testing. Here, a combination of both approaches is suggested: a reductionistic empirical approach allowing testability, synergistic with a constructivistic systems appraisal of syndrome networks – a constructive reductionism.
Reductionism – simplified and scientific
Authors: Perlovsky Leonid 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this commentary on Borsboom et al.’s target article, I address an inadequate, simplified use of the idea of “reductionism” in clinical psychology and psychiatry. This is important because reductionism is a fundamental methodology of science. Explaining mental states and processes in terms of biological and brain states and processes is fundamental for the science of psychology. I also briefly address a fundamental methodology of the goal of psychology as a hard science.
The biology of mental disorders: What are we talking about?
Authors: Troisi Alfonso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAfter the Darwinian revolution, biology is not only the study of the operation of structural elements (functional biology), but also the study of adaption and phylogenetic history (evolutionary biology). From an evolutionary perspective, the biology of mental disorders is not just “neurobiology and genetic constitution” but also adaptive reactions to adverse situations. Evolutionary explanations of mental disorders are biological and non-reductionist.
What's in a model? Network models as tools instead of representations of what psychiatric disorders really are
Authors: van Loo Hanna M. , Romeijn Jan-Willem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNetwork models block reductionism about psychiatric disorders only if models are interpreted in a realist manner – that is, taken to represent “what psychiatric disorders really are.” A flexible and more instrumentalist view of models is needed to improve our understanding of the heterogeneity and multifactorial character of psychiatric disorders.
Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research
Authors: Baran Nicole M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.
Why not be pluralists about explanatory reduction?
Authors: Tabb Kathryn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBorsboom et al. convincingly argue that, from their symptom network perspective, mental disorders cannot be reduced to brain disorders. While granting that network structures exist, I respond that there is no reason to think they are the only psychiatric phenomena worth explaining. From a pluralist perspective, what is required is not a full-scale rejection of explanatory reductionism but a critical attention to the circumstances of its application.
Monocular Vision-based Sense and Avoid of UAV Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control
Authors: Zhang Yizhai , Wang Wenhui , Huang Panfeng , Jiang Zainan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe potential use of onboard vision sensors (e.g., cameras) has long been recognized for the Sense and Avoid (SAA) of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially for micro UAVs with limited payload capacity. However, vision-based SAA for UAVs is extremely challenging because vision sensors usually have limitations on accurate distance information measuring. In this paper, we propose a monocular vision-based UAV SAA approach. Within the approach, the host UAV can accurately and efficiently avoid a noncooperative intruder only through angle measurements and perform maneuvers for optimal tradeoff among target motion estimation, intruder avoidance, and trajectory tracking. We realize this feature by explicitly integrating a target tracking filter into a nonlinear model predictive controller. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through extensive simulations.
Preferences: neither behavioural nor mental
Authors: Guala Francesco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent debates on the nature of preferences in economics have typically assumed that they are to be interpreted either as behavioural regularities or as mental states. In this paper I challenge this dichotomy and argue that neither interpretation is consistent with scientific practice in choice theory and behavioural economics. Preferences are belief-dependent dispositions with a multiply realizable causal basis, which explains why economists are reluctant to make a commitment about their interpretation.