bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VincetoxicumandTylophora(Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae: Asclepiadeae)—two sides of the same medal: Independent shifts from tropical to temperate habitats
Authors: Liede-Schumann Sigrid , Kong Hanghui , Meve Ulrich , Thiv Mike 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA revised phylogeny of Tylophorinae, based on 77 species of all genera presently attributed to the subtribe(Biondia, Blyttia, Diplosstigma, Goydera, Pentatropiss, Pleurostelma, Rhyncharrhena, Tylophora, Vincetoxicum)is presented. Five chloroplast markers(trnT–L,trnL–F,andpssbA–trnHintergenic spacers as well as thetrnLandtrnGintrons) and two nuclear markers (ITS, ETS) were used, totalling in 3809 base pairs. Tylophorinae are strongly monophyletic and consist of several well–defined clades. Backbone resolution between these clades is low, indicating a rapid early radiation.Pentatropissis sister to all remaining taxa, albeit with weak support; all other taxa form one big clade not corresponding to previous generic delimitations. Therefore, all genera except forPentatropissare subsumed underVincetoxicum.The early branching clades ofVincetoxicums.l. all grow in Africa, where the group originated ca. 18 Ma ago, correlating with the closure of the Tethys Ocean. The first round of differentiation took place between 12 and 15 Ma ago, resulting in Tylophorinae being distributed over almost all of their present range except for South Africa, Arabia and Europe. Two unrelated lineages of temperate, mostly erect plants hitherto named‘“Vincetoxicum”have arisen from more tropical lineages, hitherto named“Tylophora”.One clade of African species is nested inside the Australasian assemblage; this clade contains exclusively polyploid species and its re–immigration to Africa took place in the Messinian, at ca. 6.8 Ma. The EuropeanVincetoxicumspecies split from erect steppe plants of temperate Asia at ca. 4.5 Ma, coinciding with the uplift of the Tibetan plateau. This group contains two species that are presently aggressively spreading in North America after chance introductions.
Lectotypification of two Linnaean names in Chenopodium L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe typification of the names Chenopodium aristatum L. (= Teloxys aristata (L.) Moq.) and Chenopodium multi–fidum L. (= Dysphania multifida (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants) (Amaranthaceae) is discussed. Specimens from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) are designated as lectotypes for the names Chenopodium aristatum L. and Chenopodium multifidum L.
Nomenclatural notes on Leguminosites and several taxonomically relevant names (fossil Leguminosae)
Authors: Wang Qi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBowerbank (1840) proposed Leguminosites for fossil seeds with uncertain affinities within Leguminosae Juss., but later workers demonstrated that his voucher specimens represent seeds of Magnolia L., Icacinicarya E. Reid & M. Chandler, genera of Sapindaceae Juss., and other non–legumes (e.g., Carpolithus Brongn.). Thus, Leguminosites, unless conserved, must be applied to non–legume entities under Art. 7.1 of the Vienna Code. Although more than 300 species of Leguminosites variously used for fossil legume leaves, fruits and seeds with uncertain affinities have been described by subsequent palaeobotanists, the legume identity of the majority of species names awaits confirmation by reinvestigation of the original materials and discovery of better preserved materials. Hence, conservation of Leguminosites may be premature for nomenclatural stability. It is suggested that the application of the fossil–generic name Leguminosites to isolated remains of more than one organ type should be avoided if the congeneric evidence for these organs is lacking. Therefore, isolated fossil legume leaves, fruits and seeds with uncertain affinities can be placed under at least three different fossil–generic names respectively in spite of the fact that they may, at least in part, apply to the same organism. It appears to be better to abandon Leguminosites and propose a new generic name for fossil legume seeds with uncertain affinities. Leguminocarpum Dotzler (1937) has priority over Legumino–carpon Göpp. ex Pálfalvy (1951) for fossil legume fruits with uncertain affinities. Leguminophyllum A. Escalup–Bassi (1971) and Parvileguminophyllum Herend. & Dilcher (1990), which may be synonymous, can be used for fossil legume leaves with uncertain affinities.
Whole­genome triplication and species radiation in the southern African tribe Heliophileae (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Mummenhoff Klaus , Al-Shehbaz Ihsan A. , Mucina Ladislav , Mühlhausen Andreas , Lysak Martin A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe unigeneric tribe Heliophileae includes ca. 90 Heliophila species, all endemic to southern Africa. The tribe is morphologically the most diverse Brassicaceae lineage in every aspect of habit, foliage, flower and fruit morphology. Despite this diversity, virtually nothing is known about its origin and genome evolution. Here we present the first in­depth information on chromosome numbers, rDNA in situ localization, genome structure, and phylogenetic relationship within Heliophileae. Chromosome numbers determined in 27 Heliophila species range from 2n = 16 to 2n = ca. 88, but 2n = 20 and 22 prevail in 77% of the examined species. Chromosome­number variation largely follows three major lineages (A, B, and C) resolved in the ITS phylogeny. Clade A species mostly have a chromosome number of 2n = 20, whereas 2n = 22 is the dominant number in clade C (2n = 16 and 22 were counted in two diploid species of clade B). The number and position of 5S and 45S rDNA loci vary between species and cannot be employed as phylogenetically informative characters. Seven species with different chromosome number and from the three ITS clades were analyzed by comparative chromosome painting. In all species analyzed, 90% of painting probes unveiled three homeologous chromosome regions in Heliophila haploid chromosome complements. These results suggest that all Heliophila species, and probably the entire tribe Heliophileae, experienced a whole­genome triplication (WGT) event. We hypothesize that the mesohexaploid ancestor arose through hybridization between genomes resembling the Ancestral Crucifer Karyotype with n = 8. The WGT has been followed by species­specific chromosome rearrangements (dip­loidization) resulting in descending dysploidy towards extant quasi­diploid genomes. More recent neopolyploidization events are reflected by higher chromosome numbers (2n = 32­88). The WGT might have contributed to diversification and species radiation in Heliophileae. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document polyploidy as a potential major mechanism for the radiation of a Cape plant lineage.
Straightening out the screw­pines: A first step in understanding phylogenetic relationships within Pandanaceae
Authors: Buerki Sven , Callmander Martin W. , Devey Dion S. , Chappell Lauren , Gallaher Timothy , Munzinger Jérôme , Haevermans Thomas , Forest Félix 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Paleotropical monocot family Pandanaceae includes ca. 700 species assigned to four genera: Pandanus (ca. 500 spp.), Freycinetia (ca. 200 spp.), Martellidendron (6 spp.) and Sararanga (2 spp.). The most speciose genus, Pandanus, was classically subdivided into eight subgenera. Previous cladistic analyses revealed that several key morphological characters might have evolved independently several times, thus highlighting the need for a robust molecular phylogenetic framework to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and infrafamilial and infrageneric classification within this group. In this study, three plastid DNA regions (matK, trnQ­rps16, trnL­trnF) and 200 individuals (representing 134 species and 609 newly produced sequences)—spanning the taxonomic and biogeographic diversity of the family—are analyzed to test the monophyly at the familial and generic levels, and to infer phylogenetic relationships within the family. Particular emphasis is devoted to Pandanus with the aim of recognizing key morphological characters that reflect the evolutionary history of the genus. Phylogenetic inferences support the monophyly of Pandanaceae and establish Sararanga as sister to the rest of the family, with Freycinetia as sister to the Pandanus­Martellidendron pair. Although relationships are not well­resolved within the latter clade, three supported lineages are retrieved: (1) the Acrostigma clade comprising taxa of P. subg. Acrostigma, (2) the Martellidendron clade including taxa assigned to the genus Martellidendron and (3) the core Pandanus clade including taxa of all other subgenera of Pandanus. Morphological and biogeographic evidence supporting clade definitions are discussed in detail. This study provides the first phylogenetic backbone for Pandanaceae, which is sufficiently robust to serve as a springboard for future research into the evolutionary history of this neglected family.
Pruning the polyphyletic genusPolyalthia(Annonaceae) and resurrecting the genusMonoon
Authors: Xue Bine , Su Yvonne C.F. , Thomas Daniel C. , Saunders Richard M.K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe highly polyphyletic status of the species­rich genusPolyalthia(Annonaceae) remains one of the most significant impediments to revisionary and floristic taxonomic research in the family. AlthoughPolyalthiahas recently been reduced in taxonomic scope, the remaining species in the genus still form a phylogenetically disparate and morphologically heterogeneous assemblage. We use maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions based on chloroplast DNA sequence data(matK, rbcL, trnL­F)to show that the remainingPolyalthiaspecies segregate into three clades: a clade sister toMiliusa;a clade that also includes allEnicosanthumandWoodiellanthaspecies sampled, sister toNeo­uvaria;and a clade that also includes allHaplostichanthusspecies sampled, inferred (based on previous research) to be sister toPopowia.Diagnostic morphological and anatomical characters are evaluated for the latter two clades, and diagnostic leaf and seed characters identified. Based on these results, the generic nameMonoonis resurrected for the clade that includesEnicosanthumandWoodiellantha,following the transfer of 37 species fromPolyalthias.l., 18 species fromEnicosanthumand the singleWoodiellanthaspecies. The generic nameHaplostichanthusis furthermore synonymised withPolyalthias.str., necessitating nine nomenclatural changes, including six new combinations and three replacement names.
The phylogenetic position of Pterocephalidium and the new African genus Pterothamnus within an improved classification of Dipsacaceae
Authors: Mayer Veronika , Ehrendorfer Friedrich 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNew data on fruit anatomy, floral characters and pollen morphology are reported for three species of Pterocephalus s.l. in its traditional circumscription: the annual W–Mediterranean Pterocephalus diandrus (now Pterocephalidium diandrum), the shrubby SE African P. centennii, and the E African P. frutescens. For comparison and augmentation of taxonomically relevant data, a few selected taxa of Cephalaria, Dipsacus, Knautia, Succisa, and Succisella were also studied. Important apomorphic differences between P. diandrus, P. centennii and the African P. frutescens as a typical representative of Pterocephalus s.str., support generic status for P. diandrus (as Pterocephalidium diandrum) and also strongly suggest separation of P. centennii from Pterocephalus s.str. as the new monotypic genus Pterothamnus, endemic to Africa (Mozambique). Pterocephalidium and Pterothamnus share several features (presence of floral bracts, 4–merous flowers, epicalyx anatomy, peculiar pollen morphology) and are placed into the new tribe Pterocephalidieae, which is clearly separated from Pterocephalus s.str. Available morphological, anatomical and palynological data support recent DNA–analytical evidence that Pterocephalidieae are related to the former tribes Dipsaceae (including Dipsacus, Cephalaria and possibly Simenia) and Knautieae (only Knautia), plus the new tribes Succiseae (Succisa and Succisella) and Pseudoscabioseae (Pseudoscabiosa). These four tribes constitute the “Dipknautid clade” sensu Carlson & al. and are here united under subfamily Dipsacoideae. Phylogenetically, this is sister to but quite distinct from subfamily Scabiosoideae, which includes the tribes Scabioseae s.str. (Scabiosa s.str., Sixalix, Pterocephalus s.str.) and the new Lomelosieae (Lomelosia, Pycnocomon). The position of the relic E Asian genus Bassecoia (incl. Pterocephalodes) is uncertain. Whereas DNA evidence places it at the base of Dipsacaceae and sister to the rest of the family, morphological characters strongly demonstrate closer affinities to Pseudoscabioseae. As a compromise, Bassecoia is made a separate tribe Bassecoieae, sister to Pseudoscabioseae within Dipsacoideae. This improved classification of Dipsacaceae shows unequivocally that multiplied and plumose calyx teeth, formerly considered exclusive for Pterocephalus, constitute a homoplastic and taxonomically misleading character that has evolved at least six times independently in Dipsacaceae.
Identification and genomic characterization of the first isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 5 detected in Australia
Authors: White John R. , Williams David T. , Wang Jianning , Chen Honglei , Melville Lorna F. , Davis Steven S. , Weir Richard P. , Certoma Andrea , Di Rubbo Antonio , Harvey Gemma , Lunt Ross A. , Eagles Debbie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBluetongue virus (BTV), transmitted by midges (Culicoides sp), is distributed worldwide and causes disease in ruminants. In particular, BT can be a debilitating disease in sheep causing serious trade and socio‐economic consequences at both local and global levels. Across Australia, a sentinel cattle herd surveillance program monitors the BTV activity. Prior to 2014, BTV‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐7, ‐9, ‐15, ‐16, ‐20, ‐21 and ‐23 had been isolated in Australia, but no bluetongue disease has occurred in a commercial Australian flock. We routinely use a combination of serology, virus isolation, RT‐PCR and next generation and conventional nucleotide sequencing technologies to detect and phylogenetically characterize incursions of novel BTV strains into Australia. Screening of Northern Territory virus isolates in 2015 revealed BTV‐5, a serotype new to Australia. We derived the complete genome of this isolate and determined its phylogenetic relationship with exotic BTV‐5 isolates. Gene segments 2, 6, 7 and 10 exhibited a close relationship with the South African prototype isolate RSArrrr/5. This was the first Australian isolation of a Western topotype of segment 10. Serological surveillance data highlighted the antigenic cross‐reactivity between BTV‐5 and BTV‐9. Phylogenetic investigation of segments 2 and 6 of these serotypes confirmed their unconventional relationships within the BTV serogroup. Our results further highlighted a need for a revision of the current serologically based system for BTV strain differentiation and importantly, implied a potential for genome segments of pathogenic Western BTV strains to rapidly enter Southeast Asia. This emphasized a need for continued high‐level surveillance of vectors and viruses at strategic locations in the north of Australia The expansion of routine characterization and classification of BTV to a whole genome approach is recommended, to better monitor the presence and level of establishment of novel Western topotype segments within the Australian episystem.
Piloting a Telephone Based Health Coaching Program for Pregnant Women: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Rissel Chris , Khanal Santosh , Raymond Jane , Clements Vanessa , Leung Kit , Nicholl Michael 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objectives Get Healthy in Pregnancy (GHiP) is a telephone based lifestyle coaching service for pregnant women, in New South Wales, Australia. GHiP had two service options; a telephone-based health coaching program consisting of up to 10 calls and information only (including one call). This study sought to compare the outcomes of the two GHiP options, to determine the characteristics of women likely to use the service and to explore the feedback from women and health professionals. Methods A pragmatic stratified clustered randomised controlled trial was conducted. Two metro and three rural hospitals were randomised into health coaching or information only arms. Self-reported measures of height and weight and health behaviours (dietary and physical activity) were collected at baseline and 36 weeks gestation. Process evaluation included descriptive analysis of routine program data, and semi-structured interviews with participants and health professionals. Results Of 3736 women screened, 1589 (42.5%) were eligible to participate, and of those eligible, 923 (58.1%) were recruited. More women in the health coaching arm gained weight within the target range for their BMI at 36 weeks gestation (42.9%) compared with information only (31.9%). Women found GHiP to be useful and supportive and midwives and doctors said that it facilitated conversations about weight with pregnant women. Conclusions for Practice Telephone-based lifestyle programs integrated with routine clinical care show promise in helping pregnant women achieve healthy gestational weight gain, but in this case was not significantly different from one information telephone call. Strong positive feedback suggests that scaled-up service delivery would be well received.

Trial Registration
ACTRN12615000397516 (retrospectively registered).
Integrative Materials Design of Three-Phase Mo-Si-B Alloys
Authors: Brindley K. A. , Priddy M. W. , Neu R. W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMo-Si-B alloys can offer higher temperature capability than Ni-base superalloys with proper balancing of the creep, ductility, and oxidation resistance through microstructure optimization. Mo-Si-B alloys are heterogeneous, containing both brittle and ductile phases and interfaces. Therefore, the phase fractions, their distributions, and their constitutive properties over the range of room temperature to maximum use temperature must be considered. This work addresses the optimization of mechanical properties for three-phase Mo-Si-B alloys. Three modeling tools are employed: microstructure generators to re-create statistically realistic microstructures, crystal viscoplasticity constitutive equations implemented for use with finite element solvers to capture microplasticity, and reduced-order models for evaluating important mechanical properties. In particular, the effects of microstructure on elastic modulus, yield strength, fatigue resistance, and susceptibility to brittle microcracking are considered. A novel reduced-order model is introduced for the evaluation of susceptibility to microcracking at phase interfaces. It is found that the Si content of the α-Mo phase is much more significant to the alloy’s balance of mechanical properties than the α-Mo volume fraction.
Illness representations among parents of children and adults with serious mental disorders: A systematic review and theoretical model
Authors: Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Goldzweig Gil , Lavi-Rotenberg Adi , Roe David , Hendrika Maria Pijnenborge Gerdina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjective:Cognitive representations of an illness have an important impact on psychological outcomes. The current systematic review explored 1) the characteristics of illness representations held by parents of children and adults with serious mental illness (SMI), and 2) the associations of these representations with both parents’ and patients’ psychological outcomes.Method:PSYINFO and PUBMED were screened for eligible studies published between January 2000 and August 2018. Selection was based on PRISMA guidelines. Reference lists of these papers were checked for additional references. Two independent coders extracted all relevant data.Results:The search resulted in 31 relevant studies, which were divided, by type of methodology, into three sections: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed quantitative-qualitative. In each section, findings were divided in accordance with the two research questions.Conclusion:Parents struggle to make meaning of their child’s illness, often holding stigmatizing ideas about the illness and blaming themselves for its existence. More longitudinal studies that include both of the child’s parents, as well as interventional studies, are needed to expand our knowledge of ways to help parents construct more beneficial representations of their children’s illnesses.
On the heat transport mechanism and entropy generation in a nozzle of liquid rocket engine using ferrofluid: A computational framework
Authors: Acharya Nilankush , Das Kalidas , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
An investigation has been carried out to demonstrate the performance of heat transfer and entropy generation in a regenerative cooling channel of a rocket engine. The Nanofluid flow in composition with ferrous nanoparticles has been utilized. Foremost equations are reduced to its non-dimensional shape using similarity renovation and sketched out using variational iterative method (VIM). Impression of the pertinent factors on hydrothermal performance has been brought forwarded via tables and graphs. Favourable comparison originates the basis of our present work. Result communicates that non-dimensional entropy generation amplifies in response to the parameter R and Bejan number intensifies for the parameter N. Significance or application of the present literature is to provide kerosene based ferrofluid as a coolant of rocket engine and how pertinent factors affect the entropy inside the system. Parametric study of this investigation will aid aerospace engineers to design the regenerative equipment in an effective way.
Highlights Heat transfer and entropy generation in a nozzle of liquid rocket engine has been studied. Ferrous nanoparticles (CoFe2O4) with kerosene as base fluid have been used. Resulting equations has been solved using VIM. Non-dimensional entropy generation amplifies in response to the parameter R. Influence of ϕ reduces the Nusselt number.
Hierarchical Item Response Models for Analyzing Public Opinion
Authors: Zhou Xiang 
Published: February 2019

Opinion surveys often employ multiple items to measure the respondent’s underlying value, belief, or attitude. To analyze such types of data, researchers have often followed a two-step approach by first constructing a composite measure and then using it in subsequent analysis. This paper presents a class of hierarchical item response models that help integrate measurement and analysis. In this approach, individual responses to multiple items stem from a latent preference, of which both the mean and variance may depend on observed covariates. Compared with the two-step approach, the hierarchical approach reduces bias, increases efficiency, and facilitates direct comparison across surveys covering different sets of items. Moreover, it enables us to investigate not only how preferences differ among groups, vary across regions, and evolve over time, but also levels, patterns, and trends of attitude polarization and ideological constraint. An open-source R package, hIRT, is available for fitting the proposed models.