bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Peace and Security: Women and Social Capital in Iraq
Authors: Parry Jacqueline , Aymerich Olga 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article examines international, national and local interpretations of women's engagement in peace and security processes. In 2000, the international community formally recognized the importance of women's equal participation in maintaining and promoting peace and security via UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325). National governments subsequently enacted National Action Plans to pursue the goals of UNSCR 1325, including one established in Iraq in 2014. Iraq's National Action Plan prioritizes the reform of legal and political institutions, and this article seeks to understand whether this approach resonates with Iraqi women. Based on fieldwork conducted in northern Diyala, it examines how Iraqi women perceive, access and exert influence over peace and security mechanisms, and how their approach compares with the strategies identified by the National Action Plan and UNSCR 1325.
Microwave sintering of complex shapes: From multiphysics simulation to improvements of process scalability
Authors: Manière Charles , Chan Shirley , Olevsky Eugene A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe microwave sintering homogeneity of large and complex shape specimens is analyzed. A new approach enabling the fabrication of complex shapes ceramics via 3D printing and microwave sintering is presented. The use of a dental microwave cavity is shown to enable a substantial level of densification of complex shape components while restricting the grain growth. The homogeneity of the processed samples during microwave sintering is studied by an electromagnetic‐thermal‐mechanical simulation. The realistic densification behavior, that phenomenologically takes into account the microwave effect, is included in the modeling framework. The simulation indicates the sharp correlation between the microwave field distribution in the cavity, the temperature profile, and the specimen's shape distortion.
“Having friends is like having marshmallows”: Perspectives of transition‐aged youths with intellectual and developmental disabilities on friendship
Authors: Hurd Claire , Evans Cara , Renwick Rebecca 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe literature emphasizes that friendships are essential to youths’ successful transition to and adjustment in adulthood. Few studies have explored the friendships of transition‐aged youths with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), and even fewer include youths’ own perspectives. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of transition‐aged youths with IDD regarding their own experiences of friendship.MethodA subset of video‐recorded data of 21 interviews with seven participants (20–24 years) was extracted from a larger study for secondary analysis. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, informed by constructivist grounded theory methods.ResultsThree themes were revealed: meanings of friends and friendship, deepening self‐knowledge and negotiating in(ter)dependence.ConclusionsThe findings expand existing knowledge about friendships of transition‐aged youths with IDD. Findings can potentially inform development of new services or enhancement of existing services aimed at facilitating transition to adulthood for youths with IDD and point to key areas for future research.
An exploration of communication within active support for adults with high and low support needs
Authors: Iacono Teresa , Bould Emma , Beadle‐Brown Julie , Bigby Christine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to explore the relationship between quality of active support and communication support for people in group homes with high and low support needs.MethodsData from 182 service users, 20–81 years (mean = 40), 89 with high support needs, were observed to have either good (n = 142) or poor (n = 40) communication support. Measures were of quality of active support, engagement and staff contact; field notes provided examples of good and poor communication supports.ResultsWe found a relationship between the quality of communication support and active support. Receiving good communication was associated with higher levels of engagement. Field notes included some examples of appropriate communication supports, but limited use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).ConclusionsStaff show limited use of appropriate communication with people having high support needs who require AAC. Strategies to improve quality of practice are discussed.
Gender Ideology and Women's Labor Market Transitions Within Couples in the Netherlands
Authors: Khoudja Yassine , Fleischmann Fenella 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study examines the role of women's and their partners' gender ideology in shaping women's labor market entries, exits, and changes in hours of employment.BackgroundRecent research argues that women's gender ideology is crucial for understanding women's contemporary labor market participation. However, the role of male partners' gender ideology for partnered women's labor market participation has received less attention.MethodThe analysis uses three waves of a large‐scale household panel survey based on a random sample of individuals within Dutch households. Random‐effect models are applied to study whether women's and their partners' gender ideology are associated with women's labor market transitions and whether relevant household characteristics' associations with women's labor market transitions are conditional on both partners' gender ideology.ResultsWomen's gender ideology is associated with the probability of women's labor market entries and exits, but not with changes in women's hours worked, whereas their male partners' ideology is related only to the probability of women's labor market exits. Furthermore, the negative association of having children with changes in women's hours worked is stronger for traditional compared to egalitarian women. There is no clear evidence that gender ideology moderates the association of the male partner's labor market resources with women's labor market transitions.ConclusionWomen's labor market transitions are not only reactions to economic pressure and institutional constraints but also women's and marginally their partners' gender attitudes.
Immunoexpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) isoform and apoptotic proteins (Bcl‐2 and Bax) in actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: de Sena Luana Samara Balduíno , da Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas , Batista Aline Carvalho , Mendonça Elismauro Francisco , Alves Pollianna Muniz , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundActinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disorder that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), but this process is not fully understood. This study evaluated the immunoexpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) isoform and apoptotic proteins (Bcl‐2 and Bax) in AC and lower lip SCC (LLSCC).MethodsTwenty‐two AC and 44 LLSCCs (22 with regional nodal metastasis and 22 without metastasis) were selected. The percentages of nuclear (GRα) and cytoplasmic (GRα, Bcl‐2, and Bax) staining in epithelial cells were assessed and correlated with clinical (tumor size/extent and clinical stage) and histopathological parameters (risk of malignant transformation for AC and histopathological grade of malignancy for LLSCCs).ResultsExpression of GRα was observed in all cases studied, with relatively high median percentages of positive staining. When compared to AC, LLSCCs exhibited lower nuclear expression and higher cytoplasmic expression of GRα (P < 0.05). Regarding clinicopathological parameters, significant differences were only found for cytoplasmic expression of GRα according to the histopathological grade of LLSCCs (P = 0.036). Higher expression of Bax compared to Bcl‐2 was observed in AC and LLSCCs (P < 0.05). In LLSCCs, there was a positive correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of GRα (P = 0.006).ConclusionReduced nuclear translocation and increased cytoplasmic expression of GRα may be important events in lip carcinogenesis but are not involved in the progression of LLSCC. The role of GRα in lip cancer development does not seem to be primarily related to modulations in the expression of Bcl‐2 or Bax.
Relationship between sensory analysis for texture and instrument measurements in model strawberry jam
Authors: Kurotobi Tomoka , Hoshino Takayoshi , Kazami Yukari , Hayakawa Fumiyo , Hagura Yoshio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between instrument measurements and sensory attributes of strawberry jam. For this purpose, a series of low sugar strawberry jams were prepared by using different contents of pectin from different sources, which were evaluated by sensory analysis for sensory attributes and by instrument measurements for specific physical properties. Model strawberry jams showed an elastic behavior that increased with higher low‐methoxyl (LM) pectin content. These results showed that the apparent viscosity from viscosity measurements was highly correlated with each sensory attribute. As jam is a non‐Newtonian fluid, the apparent viscosity was dependent on the shear rate. Moreover, the secondary objective of this study was to discern the physical properties affecting human texture perception based on these relationships. Hence, the instrumental texture perception based on the oral cavity condition was able to predict human texture perception based on the shear rate, which was obtained from the apparent viscosity. These results indicated that human texture perception is judged by apparent viscosity as determined by controlling tongue movement and oral cavity condition (e.g., temperature, saliva, and shear rate).Practical applicationsWe could demonstrate the importance of texture measurement using replicated oral processing for each sensory attribute. Specifically, viscosity measurement results indicated that shear rate is a very important factor for texture perception. Moreover, our findings clarified that human texture perception is modified by apparent viscosity corresponding to shear rate. We anticipate that this technology might be applied as a measure of apparent viscosity to control texture for jam quality improvement.
A comparative study of texture and rheology of Argentinian honeys from two regions
Authors: Maldonado Gerardo E. , Navarro Alba S. , Yamul Diego K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe rheological and textural properties of 26 eastern Argentinian honeys from two different regions (North and Central) were investigated. The viscosity curves of the samples were obtained using a rotational rheometer over a temperature range of 10 to 50C. The viscosity decreased with temperature and all honeys showed a Newtonian behavior. The temperature dependence of viscosity was described using the Arrhenius, Williams–Landel–Ferry, Vogel–Taumman–Fulcher, and Power Law models. The glass transition temperatures of honeys were measured with differential scanning calorimetry and values ranged from −42.63 to −47.71C. The glass transition temperature was also predicted with the Williams–Landel–Ferry model and no significant differences were observed with the experimental results. Rheological parameters were obtained by small amplitude oscillation experiments. Results indicated that the viscous modulus was higher than the storage modulus within all the frequency ranges assayed and honeys from the North region were more viscous. Results of the back extrusion test showed that honeys from the Central region are harder and both groups of honeys (North and Central) exhibited the same consistency and adhesivity.Practical applicationsThe honey chain production starts with the extraction of the product from the combs, pumping it through pipes and finishes at the packaging of the product. During all these stages, honey viscosity is a key parameter to ensure proper processing and quality control, preventing the waste of economic resources. Determining honey viscosity is of great importance for the industry to select the equipment such as pumps, mixers, filters, centrifuges, heat exchangers, and optimization of industrial processes. The rheological and textural properties of honey are very important in terms of applications related to quality control and authenticity of honeys. Honey authenticity increases the trust of consumers to certified food products. Argentina is one of the leading honey producers and exporters in the world, but information on the rheological, thermal, and textural characteristics of Argentinian honey is very poor in the scientific literature.
Long‐term changes in regional vegetation cover along the west coast of southern Norway: The importance of human impact
Authors: Hjelle Kari Loe , Halvorsen Lene S. , Prøsch‐Danielsen Lisbeth , Sugita Shinya , Paus Aage , Kaland Peter Emil , Mehl Ingvild K. , Overland Anette , Danielsen Randi , Høeg Helge I. , Midtbø Inger 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow open was the landscape prior to agriculture? Did agriculture start earlier in the south than in the north? How did the vegetation change in different regions after the introduction of agriculture?LocationCoast of SW and W Norway.MethodsThe REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) model is applied for pollen‐based vegetation reconstruction in 19 time windows over the last 9,000 years. Pollen data from 63 sites (lakes and bogs) are compiled and systematically used for data analysis so that the structure of vegetation change in space and time is captured.ResultsEstimated cover of selected trees, shrubs, Calluna, graminids and herbs indicate a partly open outer coast throughout the Holocene. The highest tree cover is estimated for 8,200–6,200 cal. BP. Broad‐leaved trees (Fraxinus, Quercus, Tilia and Ulmus) spread from south to north and were present in the whole region at the end of the Mesolithic (5,950 cal. BP). Larger spatial variation in tree cover and a step‐wise reduction in deciduous trees after 5,700 cal. BP is concordant with increases in open‐land taxa indicating human activity. Vegetation changes caused by agriculture are indicated in the very south from ca. 5,950 cal. BP. Distinct human‐induced vegetation changes with spatial differentiation took place from 4,200 to 1,700 cal. BP, when most of the areas earlier covered by deciduous woodland had been transformed to cultivated fields, grasslands and heathlands. Increased Poaceae cover from 1,700 cal. BP probably reflects the expansion of mown meadows in addition to pastures.ConclusionsCapturing continuous changes of vegetation structure in space and time elucidates open areas along the western coast prior to the introduction of agriculture. Agriculture started earliest in the very south and spread rapidly along the whole coast prior to the Late Neolithic. Differences within the study area have existed in all time periods, reflecting different land‐use practices adapted to different natural conditions.
Should we cure hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma while treating cancer?
Authors: Cabibbo Giuseppe , Celsa Ciro , Cammà Calogero , Craxì Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDirect acting antivirals stabilize or improve liver function in the majority of patients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis. Hepatic decompensation is the main driver of death of patients with early, successfully treated hepatocellular carcinoma superimposed to cirrhosis. Treatment with direct acting antivirals could improve the prognosis of these subjects, independently from the subsequent course of hepatocellular carcinoma, if the efficacy in obtaining viral clearance is as high as in patients without a history of hepatocellular carcinoma, and if the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence is unaffected. When dealing with hepatocellular carcinoma patients, direct acting antivirals can be indicated in two different settings: (a) subjects in which hepatocellular carcinoma has been already successfully treated (“cured” hepatocellular carcinoma), or (b) subjects whose hepatocellular carcinoma is still untreated or untreatable (“active” hepatocellular carcinoma). Although there are abundant data on “cured” hepatocellular carcinoma, evidence supporting treatment decisions in patients with “active” hepatocellular carcinoma is at best scarce and controversial, since these patients as well as patients with hepatocellular carcinoma listed for liver transplantation are usually excluded from treatment.
Elicitors and defense gene induction in plants with altered lignin compositions
Authors: Gallego‐Giraldo Lina , Posé Sara , Pattathil Sivakumar , Peralta Angelo Gabriel , Hahn Michael G. , Ayre Brian G. , Sunuwar Janak , Hernandez Jonathan , Patel Monika , Shah Jyoti , Rao Xiaolan , Knox J. Paul , Dixon Richard A. 
Published: June 2018

Summary

A reduction in the lignin content in transgenic plants induces the ectopic expression of defense genes, but the importance of altered lignin composition in such phenomena remains unclear.

Two Arabidopsis lines with similar lignin contents, but strikingly different lignin compositions, exhibited different quantitative and qualitative transcriptional responses. Plants with lignin composed primarily of guaiacyl units overexpressed genes responsive to oomycete and bacterial pathogen attack, whereas plants with lignin composed primarily of syringyl units expressed a far greater number of defense genes, including some associated with cis‐jasmone‐mediated responses to aphids; these plants exhibited altered responsiveness to bacterial and aphid inoculation.

Several of the defense genes were differentially induced by water‐soluble extracts from cell walls of plants of the two lines. Glycome profiling, fractionation and enzymatic digestion studies indicated that the different lignin compositions led to differential extractability of a range of heterogeneous oligosaccharide epitopes, with elicitor activity originating from different cell wall polymers.

Alteration of lignin composition affects interactions with plant cell wall matrix polysaccharides to alter the sequestration of multiple latent defense signal molecules with an impact on biotic stress responses.
High‐density mapping for catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes originating from left ventricular papillary muscles: A case series
Authors: Koutbi Linda , Maille Baptiste , Peyrol Michael , Hourdain Jérôme , Salaun Erwan , Deharo Jean‐Claude , Franceschi Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeAblation of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) originating from left‐sided papillary muscles is challenging. We tested a new approach by performing high‐density mapping of PVC.Methods and resultsWe used a 20‐pole deflectable spiral catheter during ablation procedures in four consecutive patients. Three presented with mitral valve prolapse, one with dilated cardiomyopathy. PVC burden was 24 ± 13%. The procedures lasted 182 ± 55.4 minutes, including 10 ± 3.2 minutes of radiofrequency. In all patients, mapping evidenced internal primary activation relative to the left ventricle shell (mean distance 21.3 ± 5.1 mm). Endocavitary prematurity was –38.3 ± 4.8 ms. Primary ablation success was achieved for all patients.ConclusionsHigh‐density mapping of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle using a spiral catheter may be feasible. We identified the PVC foci away from the left ventricular shell. This consolidates the assumption for the origin of these ectopic beats at the junction between the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio to predict gastrointestinal bleeding in Henoch: Schönlein purpura
Authors: Hong Seung Hee , Kim Chan Jong , Yang Eun Mi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHenoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common form of vasculitis in children. It typically involves small vessels of the skin, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, joints, and kidneys. GI involvement is the most severe short‐term complication and GI bleeding is a major complication of HSP, but there is no established predictive marker of GI bleeding. Blood neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a potentially useful marker of clinical outcome in diseases with an inflammatory component. The aim of this study was to clarify the association of NLR with HSP and investigate the usefulness of NLR as a marker to predict GI bleeding in children with HSP.MethodsAll patients with newly diagnosed HSP were reviewed retrospectively. White blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet counts, mean platelet volume, neutrophil and lymphocyte count were evaluated. NLR and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated using complete blood count data.ResultsThis study involved 141 HSP patients. GI involvement was found in 65 patients (46.1%), and, of these, 15 (10.6%) had GI bleeding. At the time of diagnosis, NLR was significantly higher (P = 0.001) and PLR significantly lower (P = 0.032) in patients with GI bleeding than in those without GI bleeding. On logistic regression analysis, NLR was the only independent predictor of GI bleeding (P = 0.004). The optimal cut‐off of NLR for predicting GI bleeding was 2.86 (sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 68%).ConclusionsNLR, a simple and easily obtainable parameter, is a potential predictive marker of GI bleeding in children with HSP.
Two-Stage Design for Phase I–II Cancer Clinical Trials Using Continuous Dose Combinations of Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Tighiouart Mourad 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe present a two-stage phase I–II design of a combination of two drugs in cancer clinical trials. The goal is to estimate safe dose combination regions with a desired level of efficacy. In stage I, conditional escalation with overdose control is used to allocate dose combinations to successive cohorts of patients and the maximum tolerated dose curve is estimated as a function of Bayes estimates of the model parameters. In stage II, we propose a Bayesian adaptive design for conducting the phase II trial to determine dose combination regions along the maximum tolerated dose curve with a desired level of efficacy. The methodology is evaluated by extensive simulations and application to a real trial.
Comparison of time‐matched aerobic, resistance, or concurrent exercise training in older adults
Authors: Timmons James F. , Minnock Dean , Hone Michelle , Cogan Karl E. , Murphy John C. , Egan Brendan 
Published: June 2018

A supervised 12‐week intervention of time‐matched aerobic vs resistance versus concurrent exercise training was employed to investigate mode‐ and time course‐specific effects of exercise training in older adults. Community‐dwelling men and women (n = 84; M/F, 45/39; 69.3 ± 3.5 years; 26.4 ± 3.8 kg m−2) were randomly assigned (n = 21 each) to either non‐exercise control (CON), aerobic exercise only (AER), resistance exercise only (RES), or concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise (CEX). Training groups trained three times per week, each performing 72 minutes of active exercise time per week. Body composition, physical and cognitive function, and markers of metabolic health were assessed before (PRE), and after 6 (MID) and 12 (POST) weeks of exercise training. Hand‐grip strength, 1RM chest press, and arm LBM were improved by both RES and CEX, but not AER. Aerobic fitness increased in AER and RES, but not CEX. Cognitive function improved in all groups, but occurred earlier (ie, at MID) in AER. CEX improved gait speed and lower limb strength and reduced trunk fat compared to either AER or RES. Leg LBM was unchanged in any group. Temporal patterns were observed as early as 6 weeks of training (gait speed, upper and lower limb strength, aerobic fitness), whereas others were unchanged until 12 weeks (hand‐grip strength, timed up‐and‐go, sit‐to‐stand). Compared to either aerobic or resistance exercise training alone, concurrent exercise training is as efficacious for improving a range of health‐related parameters and is more efficacious for increasing gait speed and lower limb strength, and decreasing trunk fat in older adults.