bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse phase retrieval of structured signals by Prony's method
Authors: Beinert Robert , Plonka Gerlind 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe phase retrieval problem consists in the recovery of a complex‐valued signal from the magnitudes of its Fourier transform. Restricting ourselves to the case of sparse structured signals f, which can be represented as a linear combination of N arbitrary translations of a given generator function, we show that almost all f can be recovered from 𝒪 (N2) intensity measurements |ℱ[f](ω)| up to trivial ambiguities. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A theoretical guarantee for data completion via geometric separation
Authors: King Emily J. , Murphy James M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractScientific and commercial data is often incomplete. Recovery of the missing information is an important pre‐processing step in data analysis. Real‐world data can in many cases be represented as a superposition of two or more different types of structures. For example, images may often be decomposed into texture and cartoon‐like components. When incomplete data comes from a distribution well‐represented as a mixture of different structures, a sparsity‐based method combining concepts from data completion and data separation can successfully recover the missing data. This short note presents a theoretical guarantee for success of the combined separation and completion approach which generalizes proofs from the distinct problems. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of the AAK theory and Prony‐like Methods for sparse approximation of exponential sums
Authors: Pototskaia Vlada , Plonka Gerlind 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe derive a new method for optimal ℓ2‐approximation of discrete signals on ℓ2(ℕ0) whose entries can be represented as an exponential sum of finite length. Our approach employs Prony's method in a first step to recover the exponential sum that is determined by the signal. In the second step we use the theory of Adamjan, Arov and Krein (AAK) to derive an algorithm for computing a shorter exponential sum that approximates the original signal in the ℓ2‐norm well. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GPU Accelerated Gauss‐Jordan Elimination on the OpenPOWER platform – A case study
Authors: Köhler Martin , Saak Jens 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe solution of linear systems is still one of the basic building blocks in scientific computing. Therefore, it needs to be adapted to each new hardware platform in order to exploit the new features of the platform in an optimal way. During the last decade many of these building blocks were accelerated by the usage of GPUs and similar accelerator devices. In our contribution we will focus on the solution of linear systems with many right hand sides, where a fast solution not only requires an optimized LU decomposition, but also needs an efficient forward and backward substitution phase. Since the triangular shape of the factors leads to a rather sequential resolution step, this is a difficult task for parallelization and optimization. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crack Detection in Experimental Data by Means of a Spiking Response Model
Authors: Leichsenring Ferenc , Graf Wolfgang , Kaliske Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn engineering tasks, multiple types of neural networks, such as e.g. feed‐forward neural networks (FNN) or radial basis function neural networks (RBFN) are common solution methods for a wide scope of applications [1, 2]. Beside the different kinds of artificial neural networks, spiking neural networks (SNN) represent a continuous development in information processing within the computational units of a net. In the contribution, the Spiking Response Model (SRM) [3], a derivative of the Hodgkin‐Huxley model, is utilized, whereas the specific properties of this neuron type are used in order to facilitate the evaluation of uniaxial tension test data sets of carbon reinforced concrete specimens. The evaluation procedure of the experimental data targets the identification of major crack appearance based on the load cell data. For reasons of comparison and standardization, numerous uniaxial experiments are performed within the collaborative research project Carbon Concrete Composite C3. Crack detection is considered as showcase for further development of evaluation methods based on SNNs with focal point to engineering experiments. Essential for the evaluation is the transition of the experimental data (load cell data) to the temporal domain of the neuron. Therefore, rate coding [4] is applied resulting in a pre‐synaptic spike train. The actual detection of cracks in the pre‐synaptic spike train is carried out by an evaluation neuron. The heuristic approach is validated by multiple examples and presents a sufficient accuracy as well as it retains the temporal information regarding the crack occurrence. A feed‐forward network structure containing additional evaluation neurons in combination with extra experimental data (e.g. strain gauge data, load cell data) enables extended information extraction such as determining crack location with respect to the attached strain gauges. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An estimate on the non‐real spectrum of a singular indefinite Sturm‐Liouville operator
Authors: Behrndt Jussi , Gsell Bernhard , Schmitz Philipp , Trunk Carsten 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt will be shown with the help of the Birman‐Schwinger principle that the non‐real spectrum of the singular indefinite Sturm‐Liouville operator sgn(·)(−d2/dx2 + q) with a real potential q ∈ L1 ∩ L2 is contained in a circle around the origin with radius

. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Band‐dominated operators on metric measure spaces
Authors: Seifert Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe generalise the notion of band‐dominated operators originally introduced for the space ℓp(ℤn) to the setup of metric measure spaces and show various algebraic properties of this space of operators. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular design of antimicrobial peptides based on hemagglutinin fusion domain to combat antibiotic resistance in bacterial infection
Authors: Ye Hui 
Published: March 2018

Antimicrobial peptides are derived from the viral fusion domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin based on rational analysis of the intermolecular interaction between peptides and bacterial outer membrane. It is revealed that the isolated viral fusion domain is a negatively charged peptide HAfp1‐23 that cannot effectively interact with the anionic membrane. Conversion of the native HAfp1‐23 to a positively charged peptide HAfp1‐23_KK by E11K/D19K mutation can promote the peptide‐membrane interaction substantially; this confers to the peptide a moderate antibacterial potency against antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains. Cyclization of the linear peptide HAfp1‐23_KK results in a cyclic peptide cHAfp1‐23_KK, which can largely minimize entropy penalty upon the peptide‐membrane binding by pre‐stabilizing peptide hairpin configuration in solvent, where the linear peptide would incur in a considerable conformational change/folding from intrinsic disorder (in water) to the structured hairpin conformation (in lipid). As might be expected, the cyclization considerably improves peptide antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 67 and 34 μg/mL against multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
The CD11a and Endothelial Protein C Receptor Marker Combination Simplifies and Improves the Purification of Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Karimzadeh Alborz , Scarfone Vanessa M. , Varady Erika , Chao Connie , Grathwohl Karin , Fathman John W. , Fruman David A. , Serwold Thomas , Inlay Matthew A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the self-renewing multipotent progenitors to all blood cell types. Identification and isolation of HSCs for study has depended on the expression of combinations of surface markers on HSCs that reliably distinguish them from other cell types. However, the increasing number of markers required to isolate HSCs has made it tedious, expensive, and difficult for newcomers, suggesting the need for a simpler panel of HSC markers. We previously showed that phenotypic HSCs could be separated based on expression of CD11a and that only the CD11a negative fraction contained true HSCs. Here, we show that CD11a and another HSC marker, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), can be used to effectively identify and purify HSCs. We introduce a new two-color HSC sorting method that can highly enrich for HSCs with efficiencies comparable to the gold standard combination of CD150 and CD48. Our results demonstrate that adding CD11a and EPCR to the HSC biologist's toolkit improves the purity of and simplifies isolation of HSCs.
Optimisation of Proton‐Conducting sPEEK Membranes through a Thermal Treatment Method Monitored by Dielectric Spectroscopy
Authors: Córdova‐Chávez Miguel E. , Hernández Marianella , Picken Stephen J. , Kelder Erik M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) (sPEEK) is used in many of the developments of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells. In this publication, it is proven that the water in the sPEEK membrane creates channels in the sulfonated clusters by interacting with the sulfonic groups, and changing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the material. It is shown that, for conductivity, apart from water in the membrane, order is needed in the water channels because it has an impact on how fast the protons pass through the membrane. This research focuses on how various thermal treatment, performed under a pre‐stated conditioning; allow the free alignment of the inner phases, influencing their order. It is demonstrated how is possible to use of differential calorimetry, dielectric measurements and X‐ray to follow these changes, and how to used Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy to forecast the most optimal and stable thermal treatment for the highest proton conduction in sPEEK. The methodology is also test successfully on a hybrid sPEEK/Boron Phosphate membrane.
Catalytic Silane‐Reduction of Carboxylic Esters and Lactones: Selective Synthetic Methods to Aldehydes, Lactols, and Ethers via Silyl Acetal Intermediates
Authors: Hosokawa Satomi , Toya Motoki , Noda Ariki , Morita Masato , Ogawa Takaki , Motoyama Yukihiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPractical procedures for the production of aldehydes, lactols, and ethers are offered by the palladium‐catalyzed silane‐reduction of carboxylic esters and lactones. The partial reduction of carboxylic esters or lactones with 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane in the presence of commercially available palladium on carbon (Pd/C) and some copper compounds as a co‐catalyst smoothly proceeds under mild conditions to afford the silyl acetal derivatives in high yields, which are easily converted to the corresponding aldehydes or lactols by hydrolysis of silyloxy group. On the other hand, deoxygenated ethers are obtained with high selectivity by treatment of silyl acetals with catalytic amounts of Me3SiOTf at –78 °C or stoichiometric amounts of BF3•OEt2 at ambient temperature.
Novel 17α‐Etinylestradiol‐Substituted BODIPY Dyes: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Fluorescence Imaging Studies in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kazan Hasan H. , Özcan Emrah , Eçik Esra T. , Çoşut Bünyemin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNovel 17α‐Etinylestradiol‐substituted 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐borata‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) dyes were prepared as fluorescent imaging probes. The identities of newly synthesized dyes were fully characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The photophysical properties (molar extinction coefficient, fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence quantum yield) of the compounds were investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies in dilute ethanol solutions. We were also interested in the live cell imaging studies of the 17α‐etinylestradiol‐linked BODIPYs, by particularly concerning their ability to monitoring breast cancer cell lines. These studies showed that one of the novel 17α‐etinylestradiol‐substituted BODIPY dyes was able to distinguish breast cancer subtypes. This is the first study sub‐categorizing breast cancer via fluorescent‐tagged estrogen analog, which is critical in terms of improving the molecular diagnostics and eliminating the drawbacks of available methods. These studies are very selective up to date for a BODIPY‐based fluorescent label and define a pivotal biological importance of BODIPY as a building block in live cell imaging studies.
Shaping the Atomic‐Scale Geometries of Electrodes to Control Optical and Electrical Performance of Molecular Devices
Authors: Zhao Zhikai , Liu Ran , Mayer Dirk , Coppola Maristella , Sun Lu , Kim Youngsang , Wang Chuankui , Ni Lifa , Chen Xing , Wang Maoning , Li Zongliang , Lee Takhee , Xiang Dong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA straightforward method to generate both atomic‐scale sharp and atomic‐scale planar electrodes is reported. The atomic‐scale sharp electrodes are generated by precisely stretching a suspended nanowire, while the atomic‐scale planar electrodes are obtained via mechanically controllable interelectrodes compression followed by a thermal‐driven atom migration process. Notably, the gap size between the electrodes can be precisely controlled at subangstrom accuracy with this method. These two types of electrodes are subsequently employed to investigate the properties of single molecular junctions. It is found, for the first time, that the conductance of the amine‐linked molecular junctions can be enhanced ≈50% as the atomic‐scale sharp electrodes are used. However, the atomic‐scale planar electrodes show great advantages to enhance the sensitivity of Raman scattering upon the variation of nanogap size. The underlying mechanisms for these two interesting observations are clarified with the help of density functional theory calculation and finite‐element method simulation. These findings not only provide a strategy to control the electron transport through the molecule junction, but also pave a way to modulate the optical response as well as to improve the stability of single molecular devices via the rational design of electrodes geometries.
A Review on Recent Advances in the Application of Nanocatalysts in A3 Coupling Reactions
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Sajjadi Mohaddeseh , Ghorbannezhad Fatemeh , Sajadi S. Mohammad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA3 coupling is one of the few transition‐metal catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions that have been established as a most direct, efficient and atom‐economical synthetic approach to afford propargylamine derivatives using various catalysts. A large number of nanosized heterogeneous catalysts for three‐component coupling reactions between an aldehyde, an amine, and a terminal alkyne have been popularly introduced as an A3 coupling in the last decade. The coupling product has found a broad application as a key intermediate for a variety of heterocyclic useful compounds and numerous biologically active molecules such as β‐lactams, conformationally restricted peptides, isosteres, herbicides, fungicides, indolizines, pyrroles, quinolines and therapeutic drug molecules. This review aims to give an overview of the current progress made towards the preparation and application of various nanocatalysts‐catalyzed A3 coupling transformations for the synthesis of propargylamines from 2007 to 2017. Several nanocatalysts based on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as copper, gold, silver, iron, nickel, cobalt and zinc have successfully been employed in A3 coupling reactions. Besides, core‐shells NPs, polymers, complexes, graphenes, metal‐organic frameworks and ionic liquids have also been used in these reactions. Abundant examples have been given in this area. Different aspects of the reactions, disparate methods of preparation of nanocatalysts, characterization and their reusability have been perused.
Sol‐Gel Chemistry for Carbon Dots
Authors: Malfatti Luca , Innocenzi Plinio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbon dots are an emerging class of carbon‐based nanostructures produced by low‐cost raw materials which exhibit a widely‐tunable photoluminescence and a high quantum yield. The potential of these nanomaterials as a substitute of semiconductor quantum dots in optoelectronics and biomedicine is very high, however they need a customized chemistry to be integrated in host‐guest systems or functionalized in core‐shell structures. This review is focused on recent advances of the sol‐gel chemistry applied to the C‐dots technology. The surface modification, the fine tailoring of the chemical composition and the embedding into a complex nanostructured material are the main targets of combining sol‐gel processing with C‐dots chemistry. In addition, the synergistic effect of the sol‐gel precursor combined with the C‐dots contribute to modify the intrinsic chemo‐physical properties of the dots, empowering the emission efficiency or enabling the tuning of the photoluminescence over a wide range of the visible spectrum.
Sonographic examination of uterine niche in non‐pregnant women: a modified Delphi procedure
Authors: Jordans I. P. M. , de Leeuw R. A. , Stegwee S. I. , Amso N. N. , Barri‐Soldevila P. N. , van den Bosch T. , Bourne T. , Brölmann H. A. M. , Donnez O. , Dueholm M. , Hehenkamp W. J. K. , Jastrow N. , Jurkovic D. , Mashiach R. , Naji O. , Streuli I. , Timmerman D. , van der Voet L. F. , Huirne J. A. F. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo generate guidance for detailed uterine niche evaluation by ultrasonography in the non‐pregnant woman, using a modified Delphi procedure amongst European experts.MethodsTwenty gynecological experts were approached through their membership of the European Niche Taskforce. All experts were physicians with extensive experience in niche evaluation in clinical practice and/or authors of niche publications. By means of a modified Delphi procedure, relevant items for niche measurement were determined based on the results of a literature search and recommendations of a focus group of six Dutch experts. It was predetermined that at least three Delphi rounds would be performed (two online questionnaires completed by the expert panel and one group meeting). For it to be declared that consensus had been reached, a consensus rate for each item of at least 70% was predefined.ResultsFifteen experts participated in the Delphi procedure. Consensus was reached for all 42 items on niche evaluation, including definitions, relevance, method of measurement and tips for visualization of the niche. A niche was defined as an indentation at the site of a Cesarean section with a depth of at least 2 mm. Basic measurements, including niche length and depth, residual and adjacent myometrial thickness in the sagittal plane, and niche width in the transverse plane, were considered to be essential. If present, branches should be reported and additional measurements should be made. The use of gel or saline contrast sonography was preferred over standard transvaginal sonography but was not considered mandatory if intrauterine fluid was present. Variation in pressure generated by the transvaginal probe can facilitate imaging, and Doppler imaging can be used to differentiate between a niche and other uterine abnormalities, but neither was considered mandatory.ConclusionConsensus between niche experts was achieved regarding ultrasonographic niche evaluation. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Mechanical and thermal properties of gamma irradiated ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/vermiculite clay/maleic anhydride composites
Authors: El‐Nemr Khaled F. , Khaffaga Mervat M. , Saleh Saleh N. , Wahab Abdel , El‐Naggar M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTVermiculite clay (VMT) was first treated with 2 M of hydrochloric acid. The VMT, before and after acid‐treatment, was characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy. The untreated (VMT) and acid‐treated vermiculite clay DVMT) at different contents (2.5–10 phr) and maleic anhydride (MA) at different contents (3–10 phr) were mixed with ethylene polyethylene diene rubber (EPDM) via direct melt compounding in an internal mixer. The mechanical and thermal properties of gamma irradiated composites were studied. The results indicated that the physical properties of gamma irradiated EPDM/DVMT/MA nanocomposites were greatly improved after loading with either DVMT or MA. The improvement was achieved when the content of DVMT clay was 5 phr, MA 7 phr and irradiation dose at 75 kGy. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E3–E11, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Bacteriophage lambda: The path from biology to theranostic agent
Authors: Catalano Carlos E. 
Published: March 2018

Viral particles provide an attractive platform for the engineering of semisynthetic therapeutic nanoparticles. They can be modified both genetically and chemically in a defined manner to alter their surface characteristics, for targeting specific cell types, to improve their pharmacokinetic features and to attenuate (or enhance) their antigenicity. These advantages derive from a detailed understanding of virus biology, gleaned from decades of fundamental genetic, biochemical, and structural studies that have provided mechanistic insight into virus assembly pathways. In particular, bacteriophages offer significant advantages as nanoparticle platforms and several have been adapted toward the design and engineering of “designer” nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) applications. The present review focuses on one such virus, bacteriophage lambda; I discuss the biology of lambda, the tools developed to faithfully recapitulate the lambda assembly reactions in vitro and the observations that have led to cooptation of the lambda system for nanoparticle design. This discussion illustrates how a fundamental understanding of virus assembly has allowed the rational design and construction of semisynthetic nanoparticles as potential theranostic agents and illustrates the concept of benchtop to bedside translational research.This article is categorized under:

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials> Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials> Nucleic Acid‐Based Structures
Towards generalized mirror symmetry for twisted connected sum G2 manifolds
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Del Zotto Michele 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe revisit our construction of mirror symmetries for compactifications of Type II superstrings on twisted connected sumG2manifolds. For a givenG2manifold, we discuss evidence for the existence of mirror symmetries of two kinds: one is an autoequivalence for a given Type II superstring on a mirror pair ofG2manifolds, the other is a duality between Type II strings with different chiralities for another pair of mirror manifolds. We clarify the role of the B-field in the construction, and check that the corresponding massless spectra are respected by the generalized mirror maps. We discuss hints towards a homological version based on BPS spectroscopy. We provide several novel examples of smooth, as well as singular, mirrorG2backgrounds via pairs of dual projecting tops. We test our conjectures against a Joyce orbifold example, where we reproduce, using our geometrical methods, the known mirror maps that arise from the SCFT worldsheet perspective. Along the way, we discuss non-Abelian gauge symmetries, and argue for the generation of the Affleck-Harvey-Witten superpotential in the pure SYM case.