bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Ablation of Hybrid Perovskite Bulks into Nanoparticles: Adamantylammonium Halides as Ligands and Halide Sources
Authors: Rosa‐Pardo Ignacio , Rando‐Brotons Manuel , Pocoví‐Martínez Salvador , Galian Raquel E. , Pérez Prieto Julia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn array of hybrid lead halide CH3NH3Pb(Br/I)3 colloidal perovskites have been successfully synthesized by 532 nm laser irradiation of either pure lead halide CH3NH3PbX3 (X=Br−, I−) or mixed‐halide CH3NH3PbBr3‐xIx bulks, by using 2‐adamantylammonium iodide and/or 2‐adamantylammonium bromide as the source for varying the perovskite halide content as well as for confining the material to the nanoscale.
Absence of human papillomavirus in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas among Saudi patients
Authors: Jaber Louay , Fatani Hanadi , Aldhahri Saleh F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the possible association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCCs) in Saudi Arabia. Forty‐five paraffin‐embedded tumor blocks that represent different subsets of OCSCCs between 2010 and 2014 were retrieved and histologically evaluated. The presence of high‐risk HPV (16, 18, 31, and 33) was assessed by p16‐immunohistochemistry followed by DNA detection using in situ hybridization technique. Twenty‐four patients were male with the mean age of 59.3 years, and 21 patients were female with the mean age of 61.2 years. Forty‐one cases were positive for p16 immunostaining, and the remaining four cases were negative. However, none of the 45 cases showed DNA‐expression for any HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, and 33). High‐risk HPV appears not to be involved in the etiology of OCSCCs in older Saudi patients, but further studies with cross section of a younger age group are still required.
Design and implementation of a new high step‐up DC‐DC converter for renewable applications
Authors: Ghabeli Sani Sajad , Mohammadi Farid , Banaei Mohammad Reza , Farhadi‐Kangarlu Mohammad 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a new structure for a DC‐DC boost converter is proposed. The presented converter provides a high voltage transfer gain with lower duty cycle. Low current and low voltage stress on the switch, enlarged area of operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM), reduced size of the inductors, and the input filter are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The high voltage transfer gain with low number of elements has made it suitable to implement. Hence, using only one switch has made the control of the proposed converter easy. Besides, decreased switching losses and higher efficiency are obtained. The proposed structure is a combination of the Luo converter and a booster unit, which its analysis is studied in three modes, CCM, boundary conduction mode (BCM), and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Furthermore, in order to validate the analysis and feasibility of the proposed converter, the experimental results are developed on a low power prototype.
Time diversity scheme and adaptive signal clipping with blanking applied to G3 systems for narrowband power‐line communications
Authors: Rivard Yves‐François , Cheng Ling 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, an investigation into the behavior of modern narrowband power‐line communication systems when concatenated with both a fountain code named Luby transform code and a combination of nonlinear preprocessing techniques called signal clipping with blanking is presented. The new systems can be used in applications such as the automatic meter reading component of smart grid technology. Testing is performed on a range of systems provided by the G3 standard and the results show that a bit error rate improvement can be achieved with the correct encoder/decoder settings. The recommended settings include an adaptive technique that uses Gaussian elimination for Luby transform code decoding and code rates that depend on the system specifications used. From there, it is shown that a further improvement is achieved when both the Luby transform code and adaptive signal clipping/blanking based on signal power are combined. It is found that these modifications present a complexity trade‐off, which is higher on the receiver side. This added complexity can be well‐tolerated in automatic meter‐reading systems because of the star topology and asymmetric nature of the network, which has a centralized agent acting as a receiver that collects data from various transmitter nodes.
Decarbonylation: A metabolic pathway of cannabidiol in humans
Authors: Kraemer Michael , Broecker Sebastian , Madea Burkhard , Hess Cornelius 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐psychoactive cannabinoid, which is of growing medical interest. Previous studies on the metabolism of CBD showed mainly the formation of hydroxylated or oxidized derivatives, the formation of carboxylic acids or modifications of the aliphatic side chain. Using incubation of CBD with hepatic microsomes of mice, the formation of carbon monoxide was reported. We investigated the phase I metabolism of CBD and cannabidivarin (CBDV) using in vitro experiments with human liver microsomes in order to discover so far not considered metabolites. Identification of metabolites was done by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC−QToF−MS). Within these experiments, we came across decarbonylation of CBD and CBDV. Further investigations were focused on observed decarbonylated CBD (DCBD). To confirm this metabolite in humans in vivo, plasma samples containing large amounts of cannabinoids as well as serum and urine samples, collected after a voluntary intake of a CBD‐containing food supplement, were analyzed by LC coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC−QQQ−MS). DCBD was detected in in vitro incubation mixtures, serum samples, and urine samples (after alkaline or enzymatic hydrolysis) collected after the voluntary intake, as well as in plasma samples of cannabis users. DCBD appears to be an important supplementary human metabolite that might be helpful for the analytical confirmation of a CBD uptake and might improve the interpretation of the consumption of CBD‐containing products. Results of this study indicate a prolonged detectability of DCBD (in serum) in comparison to CBD after oral CBD ingestion.
Development and organization of the zebrafish intestinal epithelial stem cell niche
Authors: Li Jianlong , Prochaska Morgan , Maney Lea , Wallace Kenneth N. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDevelopment of the vertebrate intestinal epithelial stem cell niche begins during embryogenesis but maturation occurs postembryonic. The intestinal mammalian crypt contains stem cells interspersed by secretory cells that play a role in regulation of proliferation. Epithelial cells are specified as either secretory or enterocytes as they migrate up the villi in mammals or fold in zebrafish. Zebrafish forms a functional intestine by the end of embryogenesis but takes another 4 weeks to develop the adult proliferation pattern.ResultsWe characterize development of the intestinal epithelial stem cell niche during the postembryonic period. During the first 2‐weeks postembryogenesis, different groups of epithelial cells sequentially proceed through one or two cell cycles, appear to become quiescent, and remain at the interfold base. The third week begins asymmetric divisions with proliferative progeny moving up the folds. Apoptotic cells are not observed at the fold tip until the end of the fourth week. Secretory cells intersperse among interfold base proliferative cells, increasing in number during the third and fourth weeks with a coincident change in proliferation pattern.ConclusionsZebrafish postembryonic intestinal epithelial development consists of 2 weeks of slow proliferation followed by 2 weeks of metamorphosis to the adult structure. Developmental Dynamics 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partitioning the effects of regional, spatial, and local variables on beta diversity of salt marsh arthropods in Chile
Authors: Coccia Cristina , Fariña José Miguel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimWe examined the influence of regional, spatial, and local variables (edaphic characteristics and vegetation structure) on patterns of arthropod variation along the Chilean coast by partitioning beta diversity into its turnover and nestedness components.Location2,000 km along the coast of Chile.MethodsWe collected ground‐dwelling arthropod samples from nine marshes during two seasons. A clustering method was used to examine patterns of arthropod similarity across salt marshes. We also calculated multiple‐site beta diversity and partitioned it into its turnover and nestedness components. Variation partitioning was then used to identify the major drivers of their variation (regional, spatial, and local variables). We compared results for the whole arthropod community and for the most abundant, speciose, and functionally different groups, Crustacea, Coleoptera, and Araneae.ResultsSalt marsh arthropod similarities did not depend on the geographic proximity of sites. Arthropod beta diversity was mainly determined by its turnover component. A significant fraction of community variation was related to the spatially structured variation of climate or edaphic factors. However, the exclusive contribution of spatial variables had also a role.Main conclusionsEach salt marsh on the Chilean coast has the capacity to accommodate unique invertebrate taxa. Species sorting along the climatic gradient together with dispersal‐based processes seems the key structuring force of the arthropods and Crustacean variation in the marshes we studied, while species sorting alone might be more important for Coleoptera variation.
Burden of medical co‐morbidities and benefit from surgical revascularization in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ambrosy Andrew P. , Stevens Susanna R. , Al‐Khalidi Hussein R. , Rouleau Jean L. , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Carson Peter E. , Adlbrecht Christopher , Cleland John G.F. , Dabrowski Rafal , Golba Krzysztof S. , Pina Ileana L. , Sueta Carla A. , Roy Ambuj , Sopko George , Bonow Robert O. , Velazquez Eric J. ,   on behalf of the STICH Trial Investigators
Published: January 2019

AimsThe landmark STICH trial found that surgical revascularization compared to medical therapy alone improved survival in patients with heart failure (HF) of ischaemic aetiology and an ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%. However, the interaction between the burden of medical co‐morbidities and the benefit from surgical revascularization has not been previously described in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy.Methods and resultsThe STICH trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00023595) enrolled patients ≥ 18 years of age with coronary artery disease amenable to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and an EF ≤ 35%. Eligible participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive medical therapy (MED) (n = 602) or MED/CABG (n = 610). A modified Charlson co‐morbidity index (CCI) based on the availability of data and study definitions was calculated by summing the weighted points for all co‐morbid conditions. Patients were divided into mild/moderate (CCI 1–4) and severe (CCI ≥ 5) co‐morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between CCI and outcomes and the interaction between severity of co‐morbidity and treatment effect. The study population included 349 patients (29%) with a mild/moderate CCI score and 863 patients (71%) with a severe CCI score. Patients with a severe CCI score had greater functional limitations based on 6‐min walk test and impairments in health‐related quality of life as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. A total of 161 patients (Kaplan–Meier rate = 50%) with a mild/moderate CCI score and 579 patients (Kaplan–Meier rate = 69%) with a severe CCI score died over a median follow‐up of 9.8 years. After adjusting for baseline confounders, patients with a severe CCI score were at higher risk for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.19–1.74; P < 0.001). There was no interaction between CCI score and treatment effect on survival (P = 0.756).ConclusionsMore than 70% of patients had a severe burden of medical co‐morbidities at baseline, which was independently associated with increased risk of death. There was not a differential benefit of surgical revascularization with respect to survival based on severity of co‐morbidity.
Assessing the efficacy of a manual‐based intervention for improving the detection of facial pain expression
Authors: Rash Joshua A. , Prkachin Kenneth M. , Solomon Patricia E. , Campbell Tavis S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents the results of a parallel‐group, non‐randomized, controlled study that evaluated the feasibility of an online training program for improving observer detection of facial pain expression.MethodFifty‐four undergraduate students attended two laboratory sessions interspersed by an intervention period where they were assigned to complete the Index of Facial Pain Expression (IFPE)—an online training environment designed to teach observers to code facial muscle movements associated with pain—or a no‐contact control. Participants completed questionnaires during the first session and watched parallel versions of the Sensitivity to Expression of Pain (STEP) test during laboratory sessions. STEP tests contained excerpts of facial expressions taken from patients with shoulder pain. Reliability of coding following the IFPE was measured. Signal detection methods were applied to pain ratings to the STEP tests to calculate measures of sensitivity and response bias to facial pain expression.ResultsParticipants took 3.5 hr to complete the IFPE. Training resulted in reliable coding of facial muscle movements associated with pain and improvements in sensitivity (from 0.75 to 0.87 in experimental relative to 0.75 to 0.80 in control), but not response bias, to facial expressions of clinical pain. Training was influenced by observer traits, including empathy, emotional intelligence (EI), and prior experience with individuals who experience chronic pain.ConclusionsThe IFPE represents a brief measurement system for facial pain expression with research applicability and potential clinical utility. The IFPE could help clinicians be more sensitive to expressions of clinical pain.SignificanceThe index of facial pain expression (IFPE) is an online training program that can improve an observer's ability to reliably detect expressions of clinical pain after as few as 3.5‐hr of training.
Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Non‐covalently Functionalized with Polyarginine: A New Alternative for the Construction of Reagentless NAD+/Dehydrogenase‐based Ethanol Biosensor
Authors: Gallay Pablo , Eguílaz Marcos , Rivas Gustavo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work reports for the first time the development of a reagentless enzymatic amperometric biosensor for ethanol based on the use of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) non‐covalently functionalized with polyarginine (Polyarg) as platform for the robust immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and NAD+. The new strategy allows to obtain an integrated GCE/MWCNTs‐Polyarg/NAD+‐ADH ethanol biosensor with important advantages compared to the existing ethanol biosensors: avoids the external addition of the cofactor for each measurement, ensures a fast and sensitive quantification of ethanol due to the intimate interaction of the components, and allows the detection at considerably lower potentials due to the catalytic activity of the carbon nanostructures. These unique properties have made possible a very efficient ethanol quantification with a sensitivity of (1487±6) μA M−1, detection limit of 0.65 μM, response time of 8 s, and reproducibility of 5.5 % with a very successful application for the quantification of ethanol in different commercial beverages.
Lead in piscivorous raptors during breeding season in the Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland and Virginia, USA
Authors: Slabe Vincent A. , Anderson James T. , Cooper Jeff , Brown Bracken , Ortiz Patricia , Buchweitz John , McRuer Dave , Katzner Todd 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Sources of lead exposure of many bird species are poorly understood. We analyzed blood lead concentrations from osprey (n = 244; Pandion haliaetus) and bald eagles (n = 68; Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and documented potential sources of lead they may encounter. Adult bald eagles had higher blood lead concentrations than did adult osprey. However, blood lead concentrations of nestlings were similar for both species. Although 62% of osprey had detectable lead concentrations (x¯ = 1.99 ± 4.02 μg/dL, mean ± standard deviation [SD]), there was no difference in the detection frequency or lead concentrations between osprey adults and nestlings. Likewise, we found no differences in the detection frequency or lead concentrations in osprey adults and nestlings from high- and low-salinity areas. Of the bald eagle samples tested, 55% had detectable lead levels (x¯ = 6.23 ± 10.74 μg/dL). Adult bald eagles had more detectable and higher lead concentrations than did nestlings or pre-adults. Among environmental samples, paint had the highest lead concentrations, followed by sediment, blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). There was no correlation between blood lead concentrations of osprey adults and their offspring. Our results indicate that, in the Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland and Virginia (USA), there are multiple sources by which piscivorous raptors may be exposed to lead. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:862–871. © Published 2019 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Effects of postharvest polyamine application and edible coating on maintaining quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra during cold storage
Authors: Zahedi Seyed Morteza , Hosseini Marjan Sadat , Karimi Mahdieh , Ebrahimzadeh Asghar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMango is a tropical fruit which is sensitive to chilling injury. The present work investigated the potential of edible coatings of chitosan and polyamine spermidine in increasing shelf life and quality of mango. The control fruits (treated with distilled water) and the mango fruits treated with different concentrations of chitosan (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) and spermidine (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) were studied to improve postharvest characteristics and quality maintenance during cold storage. Parameters such as firmness, weight loss, fungal contamination, total phenol, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), flavor index, color index, and ethylene production were measured after at harvest (0), 8, 16, and 24 days of storage at 15 ± 2°C and relative humidity of 85%–90%. Chitosan and spermidine delayed water loss, firmness, and fungal contamination. Application of chitosan containing ascorbic acid significantly increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to the control plants. It also changed soluble solid content, TA, pH of pulp, and sugar content and decreased ethylene production. The obtained results suggested that chitosan (2%) and spermidine (2 mM) had potential to improve firmness and delay deterioration processes of “Langra” mango after harvest.
Study of a common azo food dye in mice model: Toxicity reports and its relation to carcinogenicity
Authors: Reza Md. Sajib Al , Hasan Md. Mahmudul , Kamruzzaman Md. , Hossain Md. Imam , Zubair Md. Abu , Bari Luthfunnesa , Abedin Md. Zainul , Reza Md. Abu , Khalid‐Bin‐Ferdaus Khandaker Md. , Haque Kazi Md. Faisal , Islam Khairul , Ahmed Mahtab Uddin , Hossain Md. Khaled 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of an azo dye carmoisine widely used in foods and to investigate its relation to carcinogenicity. Carmoisine administered into mice orally in four different doses as control, low, medium, and high equivalent to 0, 4, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw, respectively, for 120 days. The key toxicological endpoint was observed including animal body weight, organ weights, hematology, biochemistry, and molecular biology assessment. The body weights of medium‐ and high‐dose carmoisine‐treated mice group were significantly decreased as compared to the control mice group. Platelet, white blood cell and monocyte counts of treated group were considerably higher, while Hb and red blood cell counts were drastically lower than the control group. The biochemical parameters such as serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, urea, and creatinine level were significantly increased, while serum cholesterol level was decreased after treatment as compared to the control. RT‐PCR results showed that expression of Bcl‐x and PARP gene was intensively increased, whereas expression of p53 gene was decreased in the mouse liver tissues treated with carmoisine. This study revealed that high‐dose (400 mg/kg bw) treatment of carmoisine was attributable to renal failure and hepatotoxicity. It also would be suspected as a culprit for liver oncogenesis.
Physicochemical, nutritional, functional, rheological, and microbiological properties of sorghum flour fermented with baobab fruit pulp flour as starter
Authors: Makawi Abubaker B. , Mustafa Abdelmoniem I. , Adiamo Oladipupo Q. , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo sorghum genotypes termed Wad‐Ahmed (high tannin) and Tabat (low tannin) in Sudan were fermented with different starter levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of fermented baobab fruit pulp flour (FBFPF). Chemical composition, antinutrients, extracted minerals, and the microbiological, physicochemical, functional, rheological, and pasting properties from the fermented flours were determined. Fermentation of both genotypes with higher levels of FBFPF starter enhanced protein, fiber, ash, and major mineral contents and extractability (p ≤ 0.05). Total acidity, bulk density, rheological properties, in vitro protein, and starch digestibility of both genotypes increased with FBFPF levels, with a concomitant decrease in pH, phytate and tannin contents, and water and fat absorption capacities (p ≤ 0.05). Microbial loads, especially lactic acid bacteria, increased with increasing FBFPF starter levels in both genotypes. Use of FBFPF as a starter in the fermentation of sorghum flour can improve the nutritional value of sorghum. This could be usefully applied to the food industry for the development of fermented sorghum products.