bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between mastitis and the B-mode, colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements of supramammary lymph nodes in cows
Authors: Risvanli Ali , Dogan Halef , Safak Tarik , Kilic M. Akif , Seker Ibrahim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research communication aims to test the hypothesis that B-Mode, colour Doppler ultrasonographic measurements and characteristics can identify mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 102 lactating cows were divided into 3 groups: cows in which all mammary quarters were CMT-negative, cows with CMT-positive mammary quarters and cows with clinical mastitis in at least one quarter. Colour Doppler ultrasonography measurements of the supramammary lymph nodes revealed that distortion-type vascular morphology, the rate of type 4 vascular densities and the incidence of mixed-type vascular distributions were highest in the clinical mastitis group, whereas the frequency of avascularity in supramammary lymph nodes was highest in the CMT-negative group. All differences were significant. In conclusion, the use of B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of the supramammary lymph nodes can provide useful information about the current condition of mastitis in cows, although its diagnostic potential remains to be determined.
Demographic, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive correlates of BMI in youth: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study
Authors: Gray Joshua C. , Schvey Natasha A. , Tanofsky-Kraff Marian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has implicated demographic, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive variables in the onset and maintenance of pediatric overweight/obesity. No adequately-powered study has simultaneously modeled these variables to assess their relative associations with body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in a nationally representative sample of youth.MethodsMultiple machine learning regression approaches were employed to estimate the relative importance of 43 demographic, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive variables previously associated with BMI in youth to elucidate the associations of both fixed (e.g. demographics) and potentially modifiable (e.g. psychological/behavioral) variables with BMI in a diverse representative sample of youth. The primary analyses consisted of 9–10 year olds divided into a training (n= 2724) and test (n= 1123) sets. Secondary analyses were conducted by sex, ethnicity, and race.ResultsThe full sample model captured 12% of the variance in both the training and test sets, suggesting good generalizability. Stimulant medications and demographic factors were most strongly associated with BMI. Lower attention problems and matrix reasoning (i.e. nonverbal abstract problem solving and inductive reasoning) and higher social problems and screen time were robust positive correlates in the primary analyses and in analyses separated by sex.ConclusionsBeyond demographics and stimulant use, this study highlights abstract reasoning as an important cognitive variable and reaffirms social problems and screen time as significant correlates of BMI and as modifiable therapeutic targets. Prospective data are needed to understand the predictive power of these variables for BMI gain.
Hepatitis C subtype distribution in chronically infected patients with mild liver fibrosis in France: the GEMHEP study
Authors: Semenova T. , Nemoz B. , Thibault V. , Lagathu G. , Duverlie G. , Brochot E. , Trimoulet P. , Payan C. , Vallet S. , Henquell C. , Chevaliez S. , Bouvier-Alias M. , Maylin S. , Roque-Afonso A-M. , Izquierdo L. , Lunel-Fabiani F. , Marcellin P. , Morand P. , Leroy V. , Larrat S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Treatment options for Hepatitis C infection have greatly improved with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) combinations achieving high cure rates. Nevertheless, the cost of this treatment is still high and access to treatment in many countries has been preferentially reserved for patients with more severe fibrosis (F3 and F4). In this French nationwide study, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in treatment-naive patients with METAVIR fibrosis stages between F0 and F2 in order to identify patient profiles that became eligible for unrestricted treatment in a second period. Between 2015 and 2016 we collected data from nine French university hospitals on a total of 584 HCV positive patients with absent, mild or moderate liver fibrosis. The most represented genotypes were genotype 1b (159/584; 27.2%), followed by genotype 1a (150/584; 25.7%); genotype 3 (87/584: 14.9%); genotype 4 (80/584; 13.7%). Among genotype 4: 4a was predominantly encountered with 22 patients (27.5% of genotype 4). Genotypes 1b and 1a are currently the most frequent virus types present in treatment-naive patients with mild fibrosis in France. They can be readily cured using the available DAA. Nevertheless, non-a/non-d genotype 4 is also frequent in this population and clinical data on the efficacy of DAA on these subtypes is missing. The GEMHEP is the French group for study and evaluation of viral hepatitis on a national scale. Data collection on epidemiological and molecular aspects of viral hepatitis is performed on a regular basis in all main French teaching hospitals and serves as a basis for surveillance of these infections. Analysis and trends are regularly published on behalf of the GEMHEP group. Data collection was performed retrospectively over the 2015–2016 period, covering nine main university hospitals in France. A total of 584 hepatitis C positive patients were included in this study. Genotyping of the circulating viruses showed a high prevalence of genotypes 1b and 1a in our population. The epidemiology of hepatitis C is slowly changing in France, particularly as a consequence of the rise of ‘non-a non-d’ genotype 4 viruses mainly originating from African populations. More data concerning treatment efficacy of these genotypes is needed in order to guide clinical care.
Autonomic complexity and emotion (dys-)regulation in early childhood across high- and low-risk contexts
Authors: Berry Daniel , Palmer Alyssa R. , Distefano Rebecca , Masten Ann S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeveloping the ability to regulate one's emotions in accordance with contextual demands (i.e., emotion regulation) is a central developmental task of early childhood. These processes are supported by the engagement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), a physiological hub of a vast network tasked with dynamically integrating real-time experiential inputs with internal motivational and goal states. To date, much of what is known about the ANS and emotion regulation has been based on measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a cardiac indicator of parasympathetic activity. In the present study, we draw from dynamical systems models to introduce two nonlinear indices of cardiac complexity (fractality and sample entropy) as potential indicators of these broader ANS dynamics. Using data from a stratified sample of preschoolers living in high- (i.e., emergency homeless shelter) and low-risk contexts (N= 115), we show that, in conjunction with respiratory sinus arrhythmia, these nonlinear indices may help to clarify important differences in the behavioral manifestations of emotion regulation. In particular, our results suggest that cardiac complexity may be especially useful for discerning active, effortful emotion regulation from less effortful regulation and dysregulation.
Biomarkers improve prediction of 30-day unplanned readmission or mortality after paediatric congenital heart surgery
Authors: Brown Jeremiah R. , Stabler Meagan E. , Parker Devin M. , Vricella Luca , Pasquali Sara , Leyenaar JoAnna K. , Bohm Andrew R. , MacKenzie Todd , Parikh Chirag , Jacobs Marshall L. , Jacobs Jeffrey P. , Everett Allen D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the association between novel pre- and post-operative biomarker levels and 30-day unplanned readmission or mortality after paediatric congenital heart surgery.Methods:Children aged 18 years or younger undergoing congenital heart surgery (n = 162) at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 2010 to 2014 were enrolled in the prospective cohort. Collected novel pre- and post-operative biomarkers include soluble suppression of tumorgenicity 2, galectin-3, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. A model based on clinical variables from the Society of Thoracic Surgery database was developed and evaluated against two augmented models.Results:Unplanned readmission or mortality within 30 days of cardiac surgery occurred among 21 (13%) children. The clinical model augmented with pre-operative biomarkers demonstrated a statistically significant improvement over the clinical model alone with a receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.754 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.86) compared to 0.617 (95% confidence interval: 0.47–0.76; p-value: 0.012). The clinical model augmented with pre- and post-operative biomarkers demonstrated a significant improvement over the clinical model alone, with a receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.802 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.89; p-value: 0.003).Conclusions:Novel biomarkers add significant predictive value when assessing the likelihood of unplanned readmission or mortality after paediatric congenital heart surgery. Further exploration of the utility of these novel biomarkers during the pre- or post-operative period to identify early risk of mortality or readmission will aid in determining the clinical utility and application of these biomarkers into routine risk assessment.
Long-term outcomes in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Crestanello Juan , Dearani Joseph A. , Osman Karim , Banala Keerthana , Angirekula Mounika , Najam Maria , Ammash Naser M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground:There are limited outcome data in adults with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia. The purpose of this study was to describe re-operations and all-cause mortality in adults with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia.Methods:Retrospective review of adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia who received care at the Mayo Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic, 1990–2016. All-cause mortality was calculated as events per 100 patient-years from the time of first presentation to the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Clinic.Results:Of the 221 patients, the age at initial tetralogy of Fallot repair was 6 (5–13) years, and the age at first presentation to the clinic was 27 – 8 years. All patients had at least one right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit re-operation. There were 31 deaths (14%) at mean age of 41 – 14 years. The causes of death were end-stage heart failure (n = 17), sudden cardiac death (n=9), post-operative death after cardiac surgery (n = 2), sepsis with multi-system organ failure (n = 2), and unknown (n = 1). All-cause mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 patient-years. The risk factors for all-cause mortality were older age (>12 years) at the time of repair (hazard ratio 1.41, 95 confidence interval 1.06–2.02, p = 0.033), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (hazard ratio 1.36, 95 confidence interval 1.17–2.47, p = 0.015), and left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (hazard ratio 1.39, 95 confidence interval 1.08–2.31, p = 0.031).Conclusion:Based on a review of 221 adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia, all patients had re-operations and all-cause mortality rate was 1.7 events per 100 patient-years. The current study provides important outcomes data for risk stratification in adults with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia.
Neotectonic Deformation in the Southwestern Tian Shan, Western China: Evidence From Paleomagnetic Study of Quaternary Sediments From the Mingyaole Anticline
Authors: Qiao Q. Q. , Piper J. D. A. , Huang B. C. , Wu M. J. , Liao S. B. , Fan S. Q. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paleomagnetic study is located at the northwest extremity of the Tarim Basin and has aimed to constrain the style of neotectonic deformation where indentation of the Pamir Orogen into the southward verging Tian Shan frontal zone has produced a complex zone of thrusting, folding, and strike‐slip. Sampling focused on two Pliocene to Pleistocene sedimentary formations folded across the Mingyaole Anticline; the major structural feature between the two frontal zones has yielded well‐grouped characteristic remanent magnetizations at 18 of 24 sites and a positive fold test. Together with fabric evidence, the results indicate a probable post depositional detrital origin for the remanence. The results show that only small inter‐locational vertical‐axis rotations have occurred within the Kashi‐Atushi fold and thrust system since the Miocene and imply that the Kashi Depression has behaved as a quasi‐rigid block. A common 15°–30° counterclockwise rotation relative to Eurasia since the Miocene of the Kashi Depression and the bordering Tian Shan range proves to be unrelated to the right lateral motion along the Talas‐Ferghana intracontinental transform fault to the north west. This contrast is provisionally interpreted as taking place along a transfer fault between different segments of the thrust belt. Ongoing counterclockwise rotation of the Tarim Basin is interpreted as a regional response to impingement by northward movement of the larger Tibetan Block to the south east.
Ionosphere Ray Tracing of Radio‐Frequency Signals and Solution Sensitivities to Model Parameters
Authors: Psiaki Mark L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMethods are developed to determine the refracted propagation paths of high‐frequency radio signals in the ionosphere and to determine the sensitivities of these paths to changes of the input model parameters. These techniques are being developed to support the assimilation of data from monostatic and multistatic ionosondes with the goal of improving parameterized estimates of ionosphere electron density profiles. An additional application area is that of navigation using signals from a ground‐based network of high‐frequency beacons. A nonlinear two‐point boundary value problem solver is developed using the shooting method with Newton updates. Robust convergence is achieved by seeding the algorithm with carefully designed first guesses of the wave vector's initial aiming angles and terminal group delay. Partial derivative sensitivities of the raypath solution are calculated using the adjoint of the two‐point boundary value problem. This approach speeds the calculations when the partial derivatives of many ionosphere model parameters need to be computed. The new algorithm has been applied successfully to determine the paths of O‐mode and X‐mode radio waves between known transmitter and receiver locations and to spitze reflection points. Spitze singularities pose no difficulties for the new algorithm because it uses a Hamiltonian raypath formulation that remains nonsingular at a spitze.
One-year postpartum anthropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials
Authors: Phelan Suzanne , Clifton Rebecca G. , Haire-Joshu Debra , Redman Leanne M. , Van Horn Linda , Evans Mary , Joshipura Kaumudi , Couch Kimberly A. , Arteaga S. Sonia , Cahill Alison G. , Drews Kimberly L. , Franks Paul W. , Gallagher Dympna , Josefson Jami L. , Klein Samuel , Knowler William C. , Martin Corby K. , Peaceman Alan M. , Thom Elizabeth A. , Wing Rena R. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Pi-Sunyer Xavier ,   The LIFE-Moms Research Group
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background/objectives
Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for maternal postpartum weight retention and excessive neonatal adiposity, especially in women with overweight or obesity. Whether lifestyle interventions to reduce excess GWG also reduce 12-month maternal postpartum weight retention and infant weight-for-length z score is unknown. Randomized controlled trials from the LIFE-Moms consortium investigated lifestyle interventions that began in pregnancy and tested whether there was benefit through 12 months on maternal postpartum weight retention (i.e., the difference in weight from early pregnancy to 12 months) and infant-weight-for-length z scores.

Subjects/methods
In LIFE-Moms, women (N = 1150; 14.1 weeks gestation at enrollment) with overweight or obesity were randomized within each of seven trials to lifestyle intervention or standard care. Individual participant data were combined and analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with trial entered as a random effect. The 12-month assessment was completed by 83% (959/1150) of women and 84% (961/1150) of infants.

Results
Compared with standard care, lifestyle intervention reduced postpartum weight retention (2.2 ± 7.0 vs. 0.7 ± 6.2 kg, respectively; difference of −1.6 kg (95% CI −2.5, −0.7; p = 0.0003); the intervention effect was mediated by reduction in excess GWG, which explained 22% of the effect on postpartum weight retention. Lifestyle intervention also significantly increased the odds (OR = 1.68 (95% CI, 1.26, 2.24)) and percentage of mothers (48.2% vs. 36.2%) at or below baseline weight at 12 months postpartum (yes/no) compared with standard care. There was no statistically significant treatment group effect on infant anthropometric outcomes at 12 months.

Conclusions
Compared with standard care, lifestyle interventions initiated in pregnancy and focused on healthy eating, increased physical activity, and other behavioral strategies resulted in significantly less weight retention but similar infant anthropometric outcomes at 12 months postpartum in a large, diverse US population of women with overweight and obesity.
Van der Waals negative capacitance transistors
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Yu Peng , Lei Zhendong , Zhu Chao , Cao Xun , Liu Fucai , You Lu , Zeng Qingsheng , Deng Ya , Zhu Chao , Zhou Jiadong , Fu Qundong , Wang Junling , Huang Yizhong , Liu Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Boltzmann distribution of electrons sets a fundamental barrier to lowering energy consumption in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Negative capacitance FET (NC-FET), as an emerging FET architecture, is promising to overcome this thermionic limit and build ultra-low-power consuming electronics. Here, we demonstrate steep-slope NC-FETs based on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide and CuInP2S6 (CIPS) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. The vdW NC-FET provides an average subthreshold swing (SS) less than the Boltzmann’s limit for over seven decades of drain current, with a minimum SS of 28 mV dec−1. Negligible hysteresis is achieved in NC-FETs with the thickness of CIPS less than 20 nm. A voltage gain of 24 is measured for vdW NC-FET logic inverter. Flexible vdW NC-FET is further demonstrated with sub-60 mV dec−1 switching characteristics under the bending radius down to 3.8 mm. These results demonstrate the great potential of vdW NC-FET for ultra-low-power and flexible applications.
Toxin-mediated ribosome stalling reprograms the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome
Authors: Barth Valdir C. , Zeng Ju-Mei , Vvedenskaya Irina O. , Ouyang Ming , Husson Robert N. , Woychik Nancy A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis readily adapts to survive a wide range of assaults by modifying its physiology and establishing a latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Here we report a sophisticated mode of regulation by a tRNA-cleaving toxin that enlists highly selective ribosome stalling to recalibrate the transcriptome and remodel the proteome. This toxin, MazF-mt9, exclusively inactivates one isoacceptor tRNA, tRNALys43-UUU, through cleavage at a single site within its anticodon (UU↓U). Because wobble rules preclude compensation for loss of tRNALys43-UUU by the second M. tuberculosis lysine tRNA, tRNALys19-CUU, ribosome stalling occurs at in-frame cognate AAA Lys codons. Consequently, the transcripts harboring these stalled ribosomes are selectively cleaved by specific RNases, leading to their preferential deletion. This surgically altered transcriptome generates concomitant changes to the proteome, skewing synthesis of newly synthesized proteins away from those rich in AAA Lys codons toward those harboring few or no AAA codons. This toxin-mediated proteome reprogramming may work in tandem with other pathways to facilitate M. tuberculosis stress survival.
Field and lab experimental demonstration of nonlinear impairment compensation using neural networks
Authors: Zhang Shaoliang , Yaman Fatih , Nakamura Kohei , Inoue Takanori , Kamalov Valey , Jovanovski Ljupcho , Vusirikala Vijay , Mateo Eduardo , Inada Yoshihisa , Wang Ting 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFiber nonlinearity is one of the major limitations to the achievable capacity in long distance fiber optic transmission systems. Nonlinear impairments are determined by the signal pattern and the transmission system parameters. Deterministic algorithms based on approximating the nonlinear Schrodinger equation through digital back propagation, or a single step approach based on perturbation methods have been demonstrated, however, their implementation demands excessive signal processing resources, and accurate knowledge of the transmission system. A completely different approach uses machine learning algorithms to learn from the received data itself to figure out the nonlinear impairment. In this work, a single-step, system agnostic nonlinearity compensation algorithm based on a neural network is proposed to pre-distort symbols at transmitter side to demonstrate ~0.6 dB Q improvement after 2800 km standard single-mode fiber transmission using 32 Gbaud signal. Without prior knowledge of the transmission system, the neural network tensor weights are constructed from training data thanks to the intra-channel cross-phase modulation and intra-channel four-wave mixing triplets used as input features.
Quantitative characterization of 3D bioprinted structural elements under cell generated forces
Authors: Morley Cameron D. , Ellison S. Tori , Bhattacharjee Tapomoy , O’Bryan Christopher S. , Zhang Yifan , Smith Kourtney F. , Kabb Christopher P. , Sebastian Mathew , Moore Ginger L. , Schulze Kyle D. , Niemi Sean , Sawyer W. Gregory , Tran David D. , Mitchell Duane A. , Sumerlin Brent S. , Flores Catherine T. , Angelini Thomas E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith improving biofabrication technology, 3D bioprinted constructs increasingly resemble real tissues. However, the fundamental principles describing how cell-generated forces within these constructs drive deformations, mechanical instabilities, and structural failures have not been established, even for basic biofabricated building blocks. Here we investigate mechanical behaviours of 3D printed microbeams made from living cells and extracellular matrix, bioprinting these simple structural elements into a 3D culture medium made from packed microgels, creating a mechanically controlled environment that allows the beams to evolve under cell-generated forces. By varying the properties of the beams and the surrounding microgel medium, we explore the mechanical behaviours exhibited by these structures. We observe buckling, axial contraction, failure, and total static stability, and we develop mechanical models of cell-ECM microbeam mechanics. We envision these models and their generalizations to other fundamental 3D shapes to facilitate the predictable design of biofabricated structures using simple building blocks in the future.