bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international intercomparison of stable carbon isotope composition measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater
Authors: Cheng L. , Normandeau C. , Bowden R. , Doucett R. , Gallagher B. , Gillikin D. P. , Kumamoto Y. , McKay J. L. , Middlestead P. , Ninnemann U. , Nothaft D. , Dubinina E. O. , Quay P. , Reverdin G. , Shirai K. , Mørkved P. T. , Theiling B. P. , van Geldern R. , Wallace D. W. R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report results of an intercomparison of stable carbon isotope ratio measurements in seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C‐DIC) which involved 16 participating laboratories from various parts of the world. The intercomparison involved distribution of samples of a Certified Reference Material for seawater DIC concentration and alkalinity and a preserved sample of deep seawater collected at 4000 m in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. The between‐lab standard deviation of reported uncorrected values measured with diverse analytical, detection, and calibration methods was 0.11‰ (1σ). The multi‐lab average δ13C‐DIC value reported for the deep seawater sample was consistent within 0.1‰ with historical measured values for the same water mass. Application of a correction procedure based on a consensus value for the distributed reference material, improved the between‐lab standard deviation to 0.06‰. The magnitude of the corrections were similar to those used to correct independent data sets using crossover comparisons, where deep water analyses from different cruises are compared at nearby locations. Our results demonstrate that the accuracy/uncertainty target proposed by the Global Ocean Observing System (±0.05‰) is attainable, but only if an aqueous phase reference material for δ13C‐DIC is made available and used by the measurement community. Our results imply that existing Certified Reference Materials used for seawater DIC and alkalinity quality control are suitable for this purpose, if a “Certified” or internally consistent “consensus” value for δ13C‐DIC can be assigned to various batches.
Mutualistic co‐evolution of T3SSs during the establishment of symbiotic relationships between Vigna radiata and Bradyrhizobia
Authors: Piromyou Pongdet , Songwattana Pongpan , Teamtisong Kamonluck , Tittabutr Panlada , Boonkerd Nantakorn , Tantasawat Piyada Alisha , Giraud Eric , Göttfert Michael , Teaumroong Neung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study supports the idea that the evolution of type III secretion system (T3SS) is one of the factors that controls Vigna radiata–bradyrhizobia symbiosis. Based on phylogenetic tree data and gene arrangements, it seems that the T3SSs of the Thai bradyrhizobial strains SUTN9‐2, DOA1, and DOA9 and the Senegalese strain ORS3257 may share the same origin. Therefore, strains SUTN9‐2, DOA1, DOA9, and ORS3257 may have evolved their T3SSs independently from other bradyrhizobia, depending on biological and/or geological events. For functional analyses, the rhcJ genes of ORS3257, SUTN9‐2, DOA9, and USDA110 were disrupted. These mutations had cultivar‐specific effects on nodulation properties. The T3SSs of ORS3257 and DOA9 showed negative effects on V. radiata nodulation, while the T3SS of SUTN9‐2 showed no effect on V. radiata symbiosis. In the roots of V. radiata CN72, the expression levels of the PR1 gene after inoculation with ORS3257 and DOA9 were significantly higher than those after inoculation with ORS3257 ΩT3SS, DOA9 ΩT3SS, and SUTN9‐2. The T3Es from ORS3257 and DOA9 could trigger PR1 expression, which ultimately leads to abort nodulation. In contrast, the T3E from SUTN9‐2 reduced PR1 expression. It seems that the mutualistic relationship between SUTN9‐2 and V. radiata may have led to the selection of the most well‐adapted combination of T3SS and symbiotic bradyrhizobial genotype.
Total polyphenol quantitation using integrated NIR and MIR spectroscopy: A case study of Chinese dates (Ziziphus jujuba)
Authors: Arslan Muhammad , Xiaobo Zou , Tahir Haroon Elrasheid , Zareef Muhammad , Xuetao Hu , Rakha Allah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionPolyphenols are the foremost measure of phytochemicals in Chinese dates due to their many potential health benefits such as averting cancers, reducing the risk of coronary artery disease, diuretic activity, myocardial stimulant, coronary dilator and muscle relaxant.ObjectiveTo quantitate the polyphenols in Chinese dates using a data fusion approach with near‐infrared (NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) spectroscopy.Material and MethodsA total of 80 Chinese dates samples were used for data acquisition from both NIR and MIR spectroscopy. The efficient spectral intervals were extracted by the synergy interval partial least square (Si‐PLS) algorithm as input variables for NIR‐MIR fusion model. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to construct the model based on NIR‐MIR fusion. The performance of the developed models was evaluated using correlation coefficients of calibration (R2) and prediction (r2), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), bias and residual prediction deviation (RPD).ResultsThe data fusion model based on the GA was superior compared to NIR and MIR build model. The optimal GA‐fusion model yielded R2 = 0.9621, r2 = 0.9451, RPD = 2.44, calibration set bias = 0.004 and prediction set bias = 0.061, computing only 15 variables.ConclusionThese findings reveal that integration of NIR and MIR is possible for the prediction of total polyphenol content in Chinese dates.
Polyoxazoline associated with cardanol for bio‐based linear alkyl benzene surfactants
Authors: Delage Benoit , Briou Benoit , Brossier Thomas , Catrouillet Sylvain , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Lapinte Vincent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWell‐defined linear alkyl benzene surfactants (COxn) were successfully synthesized using cardanol as a green phenolic alternative and initiator for polyoxazoline (POx), the hydrophilic block of nonionic surfactants. Various hydrophilic lipophilic balance values were investigated by varying the POx length according to the [monomer]/[initiator] ratio. The chemical structure of the surfactants, in particular the terminal groups, was well identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry demonstrating the good progress of the cationic ring‐opening polymerization. The COxn surfactants spontaneously self‐assembled in water at a critical aggregation concentration of 1–2 µmol L−1 into nano‐objects characterized by a hydrodynamic diameter of 11–24 nm and a number of aggregations ranging from 30 to 60 according to the worm‐like micelle model. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fine tuning the hydrophobicity of counter‐anions to tailor pore size in porous all‐poly(ionic liquid) membranes
Authors: Jiang Zhiping , Liu Yu‐ping , Shao Yue , Zhao Peng , Yuan Jiayin , Wang Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCharged porous polymer membranes (CPMs) emerging as a multifunctional platform for diverse applications in chemistry, materials science and biomedicine have been attracting widespread attention. Fabrication of CPMs in a controllable manner is of particular significance for optimizing their function and maximizing practical values. Herein, we report the fabrication of CPMs exclusively from poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), and their pore size and wettability were precisely tailored by rational choice of counter‐anions. Specifically, a stepwise subtle increase in hydrophobicity of the counter‐anions by extending the length of fluorinated alkyl substituents, i.e. from bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide to bis(pentafluoroethane sulfonyl)imide and bis(heptafluoropropane sulfonyl)imide, decreased the average pore size gradually from 1546 to 157 and 77 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding water contact angles increased from 90° to 102° and 120°. The sensitive control over the porous architectures and surface wettability of CPMs by systematic variation of anion hydrophobicity provides solid proof of the impact of PIL anions on CPM structure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancement of orientation of rigid polymer blocks by incorporating rod–coil block copolymer chains into metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Yunchao , Ye Feihong , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Xianlin , Zhou Xinhui , Lu Yunqing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIncorporation of polymer chains into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is a simple yet efficient method for improving the orientation of the polymer chains. However, due to their rigidity and high molecular weight, many rigid polymer chains are either not easily loaded into MOFs, or not easily aligned within the MOF channels. In this paper, we propose a strategy for enhancing the orientation of rigid blocks by incorporating rod–coil block copolymer chains into MOFs. In this strategy, on the one hand, the rigid blocks have a low molecular weight, so that the steric hindrance effect from the MOF channels could align the rigid blocks more efficiently. On the other hand, because the covalent bonds between the repeat units of the flexible blocks can rotate relatively easily, the steric hindrance effect from the flexible blocks can further help the rigid blocks to be oriented within the MOF channels. In confirmatory simulations, two all‐atom MOF models, [Zn2(BDC)2(TED)]n and [Zn2(BPDC)2(TED)]n (TED = triethylenediamine, BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, BPDC = 4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylate), are established. With these MOF models, molecular dynamics simulations are performed for the rigid poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) chain and the rod–coil block copolymer PPV‐block‐polystyrene (PSt). Further, their respective degrees of orientation (DoOs) are calculated. Within [Zn2(BDC)2(TED)]n and [Zn2(BPDC)2(TED)]n, the DoOs of the rigid PPV blocks of PPV‐block‐PSt are 0.968 and 0.902, respectively, while the DoOs of the rigid PPV chains are 0.865 and 0.711, respectively. These calculation results prove the feasibility of our proposed strategy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Phenotypic and metabolic plasticity shapes life‐history strategies under combinations of abiotic stresses
Authors: Shaar‐Moshe Lidor , Hayouka Ruchama , Roessner Ute , Peleg Zvi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlants developed various reversible and non‐reversible acclimation mechanisms to cope with the multifaceted nature of abiotic‐stress combinations. We hypothesized that in order to endure these stress combinations, plants elicit distinctive acclimation strategies through specific trade‐offs between reproduction and defense. To investigate Brachypodium distachyon acclimation strategies to combinations of salinity, drought and heat, we applied a system biology approach, integrating physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional analyses. We analyzed the trade‐offs among functional and performance traits, and their effects on plant fitness. A combination of drought and heat resulted in escape strategy, while under a combination of salinity and heat, plants exhibited an avoidance strategy. On the other hand, under combinations of salinity and drought, with or without heat stress, plant fitness (i.e., germination rate of subsequent generation) was severely impaired. These results indicate that under combined stresses, plants’ life‐history strategies were shaped by the limits of phenotypic and metabolic plasticity and the trade‐offs between traits, thereby giving raise to distinct acclimations. Our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of plant acclimations to combinations of abiotic stresses and shed light on the different life‐history strategies that can contribute to grass fitness and possibly to their dispersion under changing environments.
The impacts of cattle access points on deposited sediment levels in headwater streams in Ireland
Authors: O'Sullivan Matthew , Ó hUallacháin Daire , Antunes Patrícia Oliveira , Jennings Eleanor , Kelly‐Quinn Mary 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCattle access to streams has been linked globally with degradation of stream water quality, driven largely by bank erosion and resultant instream, fine sediment deposition. The majority of evidence on such effects is however based in arid and semiarid regions of the United States and Australia, with few studies relating to cool temperate climates such as Northwest Europe. In this study, “Quorer” resuspendable sediment samples were taken from riffle geomorphic units upstream (control) and at two points downstream (pressure and recovery) of cattle access points in headwater streams in agricultural catchments in Ireland to assess levels of deposited stream sediment. Samples were taken in April/May (2016) prior to the grazing season and in October (2016) at the end of the grazing season. Sites in good‐high ecological status catchments and less than good ecological status catchments were included in the study. Higher levels of sediment were found downstream of cattle access points in both good‐high status and less than good status catchments; however, the impacts of access points were spatially confined to, in most cases, the area immediately downstream of the point of access. There was a strong correlation between deposited sediment mass and organic matter (OM) mass, with levels of OM increasing linearly with deposited sediment mass. Levels of measured sediment were negatively correlated with riparian habitat health (measured using a qualitative habitat assessment). The results of this study highlight the need for measures to prevent cattle access to headwater streams where access points can be many in order to manage local habitat quality and downstream water quality issues.
Effect of side slope of main channels on formation and penetration of scour hole in confluences
Authors: Khosravinia Payam , Nikpour Mohammad Reza , Malekpour Amir , Hosseinzadeh Dalir Ali 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn an open‐channel confluence, deep scour holes and depositional point bars are usually formed due to high bed‐shear stresses and secondary circulations. In the present study, presuming the effectiveness of channel geometry on the flow dynamics at the confluence, some variables including different side slope angles of the main channel (θ = 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°), lateral to downstream discharge ratio (Qr), and downstream densimetric Froude number (Frg3) were experimentally studied under clear‐water condition for the confluence angle α = 90°. According to the results, the increase of θ led to a greater penetration of scour hole across the main and tributary channels, whereas a little scour development was observed along those channels. Meanwhile, an increase in Qr and Frg3 caused further scouring, but their effects on the dimensions of scour hole diminished with increase of θ. Thus, with increase of Qr from 0.194 to 0.552, the mean penetration rate of scour hole to all directions for θ = 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° was obtained 42.8%, 32.4%, 25%, and 20.5%, respectively. In addition, considering the effect of θ, Qr, and Frg3, some empirical relationships were obtained for estimating the penetration length of scour hole. The derived relationships show that Frg3 plays more important role on the dimensions of scour hole than θ.
Annual estimates of air pollutants from utilization of diesel as energy source at base transceiver stations
Authors: Okedere O. B. , Fakinle B. S. , Sonibare J. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe supply of electricity to more than 30,000 telecommunications industry base transceiver stations (BTSs) in Nigeria is currently provided via diesel‐fueled electric generators. Annual levels of uncontrolled air pollutants from the existing BTSs in the country were estimated by combining information on the potential to emit pollutants by diesel‐fueled generators with diesel utilization at the BTSs. The key information was the number of BTSs in the country from 2012 to 2014 and their diesel utilization. The estimated annual diesel utilization was 160,503,084.48, 196,514,656.80, and 209,761,966.80 U.S. gallons per annum in the years 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively. The estimated annual emissions in the operating year 2014 were 4,457.45, 13,634.29, 63,347.12, and 4,163.77 tons per annum for particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), respectively. Considering the effects of these emissions on human health and environment, management measures and medium‐ to long‐term solutions are suggested to mitigate their impacts.
Application of mesoscale ensemble forecast method for prediction of wind speed ramps
Authors: Doan Van Quang , Kusaka Hiroyuki , Matsueda Mio , Ikeda Ryosaku 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSudden changes in wind speed, so‐called wind speed ramps, are a major concern for wind power system operators. The present study applies the mesoscale ensemble forecast method for the prediction of wind speed ramps at wind farms in Japan and evaluates the ability and utility of this method. The mesoscale ensemble forecast in this study (ENS21) consists of 21 members with a horizontal resolution of 10 km for a 5‐year period. The simulated results show that ENS21 produces better accuracy than the deterministic forecast with a horizontal resolution of 10 km (DET_L). On the other hand, the deterministic forecast with a horizontal resolution of 5 km (DET_H) also produces better accuracy than DET_L. From a practical perspective, however, the ENS21 is computationally expensive. Thus, the eight‐member mesoscale ensemble forecast (ENS8) with as same computational cost as a deterministic forecast with a horizontal resolution of 5 km (DET_H) is also evaluated. The simulated results show that ENS8 has almost same accuracy as ENS21 and DET_H in wind speed ramp forecasts. ENS8 has advantages over ENS21 and DET_H because ENS8 is computationally efficient and is able to benefit wind power operators with flexibility in the selection of probability thresholds for decision processes compared with a single. It can be concluded that the mesoscale ensemble forecast method is more useful for prediction of the wind speed ramp than the single deterministic forecast method with the same computational cost if the ensemble members are successfully selected.
Enhanced Roles of Carbon Architectures in High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Lu , Han Junwei , Kong Debin , Tao Ying , Yang Quan-Hong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which are high-energy-density and low-safety-risk secondary batteries, are underpinned to the rise in electrochemical energy storage devices that satisfy the urgent demands of the global energy storage market. With the aim of achieving high energy density and fast-charging performance, the exploitation of simple and low-cost approaches for the production of high capacity, high density, high mass loading, and kinetically ion-accessible electrodes that maximize charge storage and transport in LIBs, is a critical need. Toward the construction of high-performance electrodes, carbons are promisingly used in the enhanced roles of active materials, electrochemical reaction frameworks for high-capacity noncarbons, and lightweight current collectors. Here, we review recent advances in the carbon engineering of electrodes for excellent electrochemical performance and structural stability, which is enabled by assembled carbon architectures that guarantee sufficient charge delivery and volume fluctuation buffering inside the electrode during cycling. Some specific feasible assembly methods, synergism between structural design components of carbon assemblies, and electrochemical performance enhancement are highlighted. The precise design of carbon cages by the assembly of graphene units is potentially useful for the controlled preparation of high-capacity carbon-caged noncarbon anodes with volumetric capacities over 2100 mAh cm−3. Finally, insights are given on the prospects and challenges for designing carbon architectures for practical LIBs that simultaneously provide high energy densities (both gravimetric and volumetric) and high rate performance.
Improving Human Rights in the Private Security Industry: Envisioning the Role of ICoCA in Latin America
Authors: NARVÁEZ GONZÁLEZ Cristina , VALENCIA Katharine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe private security industry in Latin America has been associated with human rights abuses, particularly in the context of extractive operations. Most private security guards in the region are poorly trained and do not undergo adequate vetting. These factors combined with serious deficiencies in the rule of law across the region too often enable private security companies to effectively operate outside state control and engage in human rights abusive practices. This article argues that adoption of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Providers (ICoC) by Latin American private security companies and states, coupled with civil society engagement with ICoC’s Association, may help reduce negative human rights impacts arising out of private security services within the extractive industry.
Le verbe aspectuel cesser et la contrainte stative : cesser obéit-il à la règle ou la transgresse-t-il? / The aspectual verb cesser and the stative constraint: Does cesser conform to the rule or deviate from it?
Authors: Léger Catherine 
Published: January 2019

RésuméCet article porte sur cesser qui, en contraste avec ses quasi-synonymes finir, achever et arrêter, semble échapper à la contrainte stative qui est généralement observée avec les verbes aspectuels. En fait, cesser permet assez facilement des infinitifs qui dénotent des états (Il a cessé d’être membre du syndicat), contrairement aux autres verbes aspectuels terminatifs (??Il a fini/achevé/arrêté d’être membre du syndicat). Je montre que les cas où ce prédicat ne semble pas respecter les contraintes générales imposées par les verbes aspectuels ne sont qu'apparemment des exceptions. L'article propose que la combinaison de certains états avec cesser crée un effet qui s'apparente à la sérialisation, une stratégie discutée dans certaines recherches, qui rend acceptable l'emploi de situations statives avec les verbes aspectuels. L'analyse s'inspire donc des prémisses des travaux de Bouchard (en particulier 1995, 2002), selon lesquelles l'explication des faits de langue doit demeurer simple et ne doit pas avoir recours à des mécanismes complexes qui sont autrement sans fondements.
Policy agendas in Italy: introduction to the special issue
Authors: Borghetto Enrico , Carammia Marcello , Russo Federico 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolicy agendas studies analyse the dynamics of attention to policy issues over time and across actors and institutions to obtain insights into the functioning of political systems. The articles in this special issue draw on this approach to investigate key aspects of the Italian political system, with a special emphasis on the period spanning from the political crisis of the early 1990s to the watershed elections of 2013. They analyse a broad range of institutional and policy venues, including public opinion, political parties, the executive, the Parliament, and the Constitutional Court. While single articles address different research questions and focus on different institutions, they all share a focus on the dynamics of issue attention over time. This introduction provides a summary overview of the theoretical and methodological tools employed in the volume, highlighting how the study of policy agendas can contribute to the understanding of political systems and their change over time. It then summarises the main findings of single articles which, taken together, shed new light on several classic questions that have been widely debated in the literature on the evolution of the Italian political system.