bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral classification of lettuce cadmium stress based on information fusion and VISSA‐GOA‐SVM algorithm
Authors: Zhou Xin , Sun Jun , Tian Yan , Wu Xiaohong , Dai Chunxia , Li Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to study the qualitative Vis–NIR spectra detection of cadmium stress in lettuce leaves, this article uses data‐level information fusion method coupled with VISSA‐GOA‐SVM algorithm for research and analysis. There were 140 pieces of lettuce leaves under four gradients of cadmium stress, as well as a total of 560 samples of lettuce were used to collect Vis–NIR spectral information. Wavelet transform (WT), first derivative (1st Der) and second derivative (2nd Der) were used to process original Vis–NIR spectral data, respectively. Besides, the data after different pretreatments will be fused in the data‐decision level and used as a new input layer. Principal component analysis (PCA), iteratively retaining informative variables (IRIV), and variable iterative space shrinkage approach (VISSA) were used to reduce the dimensionality of the data layer, respectively. Besides, support vector machine (SVM) was used to establish a classification model. The results showed that the RTD (initial fusion of three data input layers) combined with VISSA‐GOA‐SVM (VISSA combined with grasshopper optimization support vector machine) classification model was the best, and the accuracy of the calibration and prediction were 100% and 98.57%, respectively. Application of Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging technique to detect cadmium stress gradient in lettuce leaves provided a new method for identifying different heavy metal residues in lettuce.Practical applicationsIt is of great significance to detect different cadmium stress levels through nondestructive testing. In order to effectively implement the rapid and nondestructive testing of lettuce leaves under different cadmium stress levels, Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging technology coupled with data‐level fusion method was used in this article. In addition, VISSA‐GOA‐SVM model was established to detect cadmium stress level. It confirms that the Vis–NIR hyperspectral imaging technology is a feasible and effective method for discriminating different cadmium stress levels.
Allometry and advancing age significantly structure craniofacial variation in adult female baboons
Authors: Joganic Jessica L. , Heuzé Yann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrimate craniofacial growth is traditionally assumed to cease upon maturation or at least be negligible, whereas bony remodeling is typically associated with advanced adult age and, in particular, tooth loss. Therefore, size and shape of the craniofacial skeleton of young and middle‐aged adults should be stable. However, research on both modern and historic human samples suggests that portions of theCFSexhibit age‐related changes in mature individuals, both related to and independent of tooth loss. These results demonstrate that the age‐category ‘adult’ is heterogeneous, containing individuals demonstrating post‐maturational age‐related variation, but the topic remains understudied outside of humans and in the cranial vault and base. Our research quantifies variation in a sample of captive adult female baboons (n = 97) in an effort to understand how advancing age alters the matureCFS. Craniometric landmarks and sliding semilandmarks were collected fromcomputed tomography (CT)scans of adult baboons aged 7–32 years old. To determine whether craniofacial morphology is sensitive to aging mechanisms and whether any such effects are differentially distributed throughout the cranium, geometric morphometric techniques were employed to compare the shapes of various cranial regions among individuals of increasing age. Unexpectedly, the biggest form differences were observed between young and middle‐aged adults, rather than between adults with full dentitions and those with some degree of tooth loss. Shape variation was greatest in masticatory and nuchal musculature attachment areas. Our results indicate that thecraniofacial skeletonchanges form during adulthood in baboons, raising interesting questions about the molecular and biological mechanisms governing these changes.
The Campylobacter jejuni helical to coccoid transition involves changes to peptidoglycan and the ability to elicit an immune response
Authors: Frirdich Emilisa , Biboy Jacob , Pryjma Mark , Lee Jooeun , Huynh Steven , Parker Craig T. , Girardin Stephen E. , Vollmer Waldemar , Gaynor Erin C. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCampylobacter jejuni is a prevalent enteric pathogen that changes morphology from helical to coccoid under unfavorable conditions. Bacterial peptidoglycan maintains cell shape. As C. jejuni transformed from helical to coccoid, peptidoglycan dipeptides increased and tri‐ and tetrapeptides decreased. The DL‐carboxypeptidase Pgp1 important for C. jejuni helical morphology and putative N‐acetylmuramoyl‐L‐alanyl amidase AmiA were both involved in the coccoid transition. Mutants in pgp1 and amiA showed reduced coccoid formation, with ∆pgp1∆amiA producing minimal coccoids. Both ∆amiA and ∆amiA∆pgp1 lacked flagella and formed unseparated chains of cells consistent with a role for AmiA in cell separation. All strains accumulated peptidoglycan dipeptides over time, but only strains capable of becoming coccoid displayed tripeptide changes. C. jejuni helical shape and corresponding peptidoglycan structure are important for pathogenesis‐related attributes. Concomitantly, changing to a coccoid morphology resulted in differences in pathogenic properties; coccoid C. jejuni were non‐motile and non‐infectious, with minimal adherence and invasion of epithelial cells and an inability to stimulate IL‐8. Coccoid peptidoglycan exhibited reduced activation of innate immune receptors Nod1 and Nod2 versus helical peptidoglycan. C. jejuni also transitioned to coccoid within epithelial cells, so the inability of the immune system to detect coccoid C. jejuni may be significant in its pathogenesis.
Colonic hypersensitivity and low‐grade inflammation in a spontaneous animal model for functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Meleine Mathieu , Accarie Alison , Wauters Lucas , Toth Joran , Gourcerol Guillaume , Tack Jan , Farré Ricard , Vanuytsel Tim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundA complex interplay between a failing intestinal barrier and low‐grade inflammation leading to sensorimotor disturbances is an often‐cited mechanism in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). However, the cause‐consequence relationship between these features has not been clearly established. We previously described jejunal alterations in the normoglycemic BB‐rat (BBDP‐N) model proposing this model as a suitable animal model to study FGID pathophysiology. The current study explores colonic permeability, inflammation, and sensitivity of the BB‐rat.MethodsColonic tissue of BBDP‐N and control (BBDR) rats at 50, 90, 110, 160, and 220 days (n ≥ 7 per group) was used to assess intestinal permeability in Ussing chambers and inflammation, including infiltration by eosinophils, mast cells, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity. Anxiety‐like symptoms were evaluated at 50, 90, and 220 days and colonic sensitivity at 160 and 220 days by measuring the visceromotor response (VMR) to isobaric colorectal distensions.Keys resultsLamina propria eosinophil and mast cell infiltration and increased EPO activity were demonstrated from 90 days onward. Increased permeability and myenteric ganglionitis were observed in the oldest BBDP‐N rats. At 220 days, the VMR was significantly increased suggesting colonic hypersensitivity. At the same age, increased anxiety‐like behavior was observed.Conclusion and inferencesWe demonstrated a lamina propria eosinophil and mast cell infiltration preceding visceral hypersensitivity in the colon of the BBDP‐N rat, reminiscent of patients with FGID. These findings help elucidating pathogenetic pathways in FGID and further validate the BBDP‐N rat as an attractive model to study pathophysiology and therapy of FGID.
Hypatia's silence
Authors: Fischer Martin , Horsten Leon , Nicolai Carlo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHartry Field distinguished two concepts of type‐free truth: scientific truth and disquotational truth. We argue that scientific type‐free truth cannot do justificatory work in the foundations of mathematics. We also present an argument, based on Crispin Wright's theory of cognitive projects and entitlement, that disquotational truth can do justificatory work in the foundations of mathematics. The price to pay for this is that the concept of disquotational truth requires non‐classical logical treatment.
How do “robopets” impact the health and well‐being of residents in care homes? A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
Authors: Abbott Rebecca , Orr Noreen , McGill Paige , Whear Rebecca , Bethel Alison , Garside Ruth , Stein Ken , Thompson‐Coon Jo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRobopets are small animal‐like robots which have the appearance and behavioural characteristics of pets.ObjectiveTo bring together the evidence of the experiences of staff, residents and family members of interacting with robopets and the effects of robopets on the health and well‐being of older people living in care homes.DesignSystematic review of qualitative and quantitative research.Data sourcesWe searched 13 electronic databases from inception to July 2018 and undertook forward and backward citation chasing.MethodsEligible studies reported the views and experiences of robopets from residents, family members and staff (qualitative studies using recognised methods of qualitative data collection and analysis) and the effects of robopets on the health and well‐being of care home residents (randomised controlled trials, randomised crossover trials and cluster randomised trials). Study selection was undertaken independently by two reviewers. We used the Wallace criteria and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of the evidence. We developed a logic model with stakeholders and used this as a framework to guide data extraction and synthesis. Where appropriate, we used meta‐analysis to combine effect estimates from quantitative studies.ResultsNineteen studies (10 qualitative, 2 mixed methods and 7 randomised trials) met the inclusion criteria. Interactions with robopets were described as having a positive impact on aspects of well‐being including loneliness, depression and quality of life by residents and staff, although there was no corresponding statistically significant evidence from meta‐analysis for these outcomes. Meta‐analysis showed evidence of a reduction in agitation with the robopet “Paro” compared to control (−0.32 [95% CI −0.61 to −0.04, p = 0.03]). Not everyone had a positive experience of robopets.ConclusionsEngagement with robopets appears to have beneficial effects on the health and well‐being of older adults living in care homes, but not all chose to engage. Whether the benefits can be sustained are yet to be investigated.Implications for practiceRobopets have the potential to benefit people living in care homes, through increasing engagement and interaction. With the robopet acting as a catalyst, this engagement and interaction may afford comfort and help reduce agitation and loneliness.
Nurses’ perceptions regarding providing psychological care for older residents in long‐term care facilities: A qualitative study
Authors: Kuo Chien‐Lin , Wang Shou‐Yu , Tsai Chuan‐Hsiu , Pan Yu‐Fan , Chuang Yeu‐Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore nurses' perceptions regarding providing psychological health care for older residents in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs).BackgroundLoneliness and depressive symptoms are commonly observed among older residents living in LTCFs. Nurses are expected to provide holistic care including physical, psychological and social care for older residents in LTCFs to fulfil their needs. Therefore, understanding nurses' feelings and thoughts regarding providing care for older residents who feel lonely, sad, unhappy or depressed is important for delivering better care.DesignA qualitative research design was employed. The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) was used to enhance for reporting quality.MethodsPurposive sampling and snowball sampling were applied in Northern Taiwan. One‐to‐one in‐depth interviews were conducted using a semi‐structured interview guide. Twenty‐one nurses with a mean age of 38.4 years were interviewed. Content analysis was performed for data analysis.FindingsFour themes were generated from the data: “insufficient psychological healthcare competency,” “having a willing heart but not adequate support,” “families playing an essential role in residents’ mood” and “physical‐oriented care model.”ConclusionsLong‐term care facilitie nurses felt that they were not adequately prepared for taking care of older adults' psychological problems before their nursing career or during their practice. Unreasonable nurse‐to‐resident ratios and an absence of care consensus among healthcare providers can make nurses feel that they have a willing heart but not adequate support. Family members are essential in older residents' emotional status within the Taiwanese cultural context. Physical care evaluation indicators emphasised by LTCF accreditation resulted in the current care practice model.Implications for practiceThis study provides valuable information for LTCF nurses, managers and directors to develop appropriate strategies to assist nurses in providing better psychological health care for older residents. Evaluation indicators required by LTCF accreditation in Taiwan must be re‐examined at the earliest stage.
A novel approach for predicting the probability of ignition of palaeofires using fossil leaf assemblages
Authors: Boulton Chris A. , Belcher Claire M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany metrics are used to predict and manage wildfires today but it is difficult to directly apply these to past wildfires histories. Developing an approach that enables estimation of these fire metrics in the past would provide significant power in our ability to compare past fire risk with that of the modern day. We use the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP) to estimate warm month mean temperature and annual mean relative humidity for a modern day leaf dataset and establish a novel methodology by which we can generate ‘pseudo‐daily’ meteorological parameters to calculate the probability of ignition (p(I)), an aspect of the North American Fire Danger Rating System. We test this methodology on Tortonian aged fossil leaves (11.62–7.25 Ma) from five sites across California, which reveal that the Tortonian was cooler and considerably more humid and that p(I) was lower during this time than in the region today.
Transparency About Painkillers: A Remedy for the Evaluativist's Headache
Authors: Simon Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paradox of pain is that pain is in some ways like a bodily state and in other ways like a mental state. You can have a pain in your shin, but there is no denying that you are in pain if it feels like you are. How can a state be both in your shin and in your mind? Evaluativism is a promising answer. According to evaluativism, an experience of pain in your shin represents that there is a disturbance in your shin, and that it is bad that this disturbance is there. Thus, the experience brings you to tend to your shin by telling you something about the state of your shin. But the paradox of pain still confronts evaluativism in the form of the killing the messenger objection: The evaluativist has a nice story about our body‐directed responses to pain, like tending to wounds, but this story does not explain responses to pain, like taking painkillers, that seem to be experience‐directed. Evaluativists have offered accounts of experience‐directed responses to pain, but I will argue that these accounts conflict with the Transparency thesis—the claim that we can only access our experiences inferentially. Evaluativism and Transparency are natural bedfellows, so this is a problem for evaluativists. Having argued as much, I will go on to develop a new evaluativist account of taking painkillers, which does not conflict with Transparency. I call it naïve evaluativism. According to naïve evaluativism, we experience painkillers as making tissue damage or disruption less bad, and absent further reflection, that is, why we take them.
Trichomegaly induced by topical tacrolimus for the treatment of periorbital vitiligo: A brief report of a new adverse effect
Authors: Molés‐Poveda Paula , Cowen Edward W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTrichomegaly is a known adverse effect of systemic administration of cyclosporine but is less commonly associated with systemic tacrolimus or with topical calcineruin inhibitors. In this report, we describe the first case, to our knowledge, of trichomegaly due to long‐term use of topical tacrolimus for periocular vitiligo.
Moderating effect of cognitive reserve on the association between grey matter atrophy and memory varies with age in older adults
Authors: Kwak Seyul , Shin Minyoung , Kim Hoyoung , Cho Belong , Ha Jung‐Hwa , Han Gyounghae , Kim Hongsoo , Koo Yangmi , Kwon Soonman , Lee Chulhee , Lee Hyeon Jung , Park Keong‐Suk , Chey Jeanyung 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEducational attainment and verbal intelligence, which indirectly reflect an individual's cognitive reserve (CR), is suggested to buffer the effect of late‐life brain degradation on cognitive performance outcome. We aimed to explore how the relationship between whole grey matter volume (GMV) and episodic memory function is altered by CR proxy as well as age in healthy older adults.MethodsElderly Verbal Learning Test (EVLT) and structural magnetic resonance imaging were administered to 110 community‐residing older adults. Moderated moderation model tested whether the association between whole GMV and episodic memory was moderated by both CR and chronological age.ResultsThe results showed that the moderating effect of CR on Immediate Recall, Short‐delay Recall, and Recognition scores of EVLT differed across age groups. The elderly with higher CR showed steeper GMV effect on EVLT at the Age‐Younger condition, while such moderating effect was reversed in the Age‐Older condition, suggesting an alleviated brain atrophy effect in higher CR elderly.ConclusionThese findings suggest that although higher CR elderly may exhibit earlier GMV‐related memory decline, the buffering effect of CR on the cognitive decline due to brain atrophy would become more evident in old‐old elderly people who are likely to have accumulated more neuropathological changes. This study underscores chronological age as an important moderating factor in examining the moderating role of CR in late‐life memory function.
Event‐related potentials in response to feedback following risk‐taking in the hot version of the Columbia Card Task
Authors: de Groot Kristel , van Strien Jan W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven the importance of risk‐taking in individuals’ personal and professional life, several behavioral tasks for measuring the construct have been developed. Recently, a new task was introduced, the Columbia Card Task (CCT). This task measures participants’ risk levels and establishes how sensitive participants are to gains, losses, and probabilities when taking risk. So far, the CCT has been examined in behavioral studies and in combination with several (neuro)biological techniques. However, no electroencephalography (EEG) research has been done on the task. The present study fills this gap and helps to validate this relatively new experimental task. To this end, n = 126 students were asked to complete self‐reports (reward responsiveness, impulsiveness, and sensation‐seeking) and to perform the CCT (and other risk tasks) in an EEG setup. The results show that feedback appraisal after risky decision‐making in the CCT was accompanied by a feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and a P300, which were stronger in response to negative than positive feedback. Correlations between the FRN and P300 difference wave on the one hand and risk‐related self‐reports and behavior on the other were nonsignificant and small, but were mostly in the expected direction. This pattern did not change after excluding participants with psychiatric/neurological disorders and outliers. Excluding participants with reversed (positive > negative) difference waves strengthened FRN correlations. The impact such individuals can have on the data should be taken into account in future studies. Regarding the CCT in particular, future studies should also address its oddball structure and its masking of true values (censoring).
Do Interactions Between Environmental Chemicals and the Human Microbiome Need to Be Considered in Risk Assessments?
Authors: Rodricks Joseph , Huang Yvonne , Mantus Ellen , Shubat Pamela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the most dynamic and fruitful areas of current health‐related research concerns the various roles of the human microbiome in disease. Evidence is accumulating that interactions between substances in the environment and the microbiome can affect risks of disease, in both beneficial and adverse ways. Although most of the research has concerned the roles of diet and certain pharmaceutical agents, there is increasing interest in the possible roles of environmental chemicals. Chemical risk assessment has, to date, not included consideration of the influence of the microbiome. We suggest that failure to consider the possible roles of the microbiome could lead to significant error in risk assessment results. Our purpose in this commentary is to summarize some of the evidence supporting our hypothesis and to urge the risk assessment community to begin considering and influencing how results from microbiome‐related research could be incorporated into chemical risk assessments. An additional emphasis in our commentary concerns the distinct possibility that research on chemical–microbiome interactions will also reduce some of the significant uncertainties that accompany current risk assessments. Of particular interest is evidence suggesting that the microbiome has an influence on variability in disease risk across populations and (of particular interest to chemical risk) in animal and human responses to chemical exposure. The possible explanatory power of the microbiome regarding sources of variability could reduce what might be the most significant source of uncertainty in chemical risk assessment.
Similar yet unique: the victim's journey after acute sexual assault and the importance of continuity of care
Authors: Hutschemaekers Giel J. M. , Zijlstra Elza , de Bree Chrissy , Lo Fo Wong Sylvie , Lagro‐Janssen Antoine 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo examen the short‐term and long‐term responses of sexual assault victims who attended a sexual assault centre.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were held with twelve victims of sexual assault who received help from a sexual assault centre. Analyses were done in Atlas.ti. via a process of open, axial and selective coding.ResultsShortly after assault, the victims’ response was to strike a balance between denial and acknowledgement that the violence was real and not their fault. In the ling term most victims experienced a dynamic recovery process with fluctuating responses. Their social support network played a crucial role in reaching out for professional care.ConclusionShortly after assault sexual violence victims need the violence to be acknowledged by skilful, empathic care providers. In the long term, victims experience vitims experience a dynamic recovery process with fluctuating responses in which continuity of care is of the utmost importance.