bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thin‐Film Properties of Post‐Functionalized N,N‐Dimethylanilinoethynyl‐Substituted Cyclobutenofullerenes
Authors: Yamada Michio , Sakuma Haruki , He Waner , Araki Hiromichi , Maeda Yutaka , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Michinobu Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA π‐extended cyclobutenofullerene containing an N,N‐dimethylanilinoethynyl group was synthesized via a one‐pot cascade reaction of C60 with the corresponding propargylic phosphate. The cyclobutenofullerene was further modified using either one‐pot or sequential post‐functionalization methods, yielding derivatives containing altered addend structures. During one‐pot post‐functionalization, hydration reaction of the alkyne moiety continued after the formation of cyclobutenofullerenes. The sequential post‐functionalization approach involved introducing the tetracyanobutadiene structure through formal [2+2] cycloaddition and a subsequent retroelectrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene. The electronic and optical properties of the derivatives in solution, as well as their field‐effect transistor behavior in thin films, were thoroughly assessed to elucidate the optoelectronic differences arising from various addend structures. The properties of the three characteristic cyclobutenofullerene derivatives in the solution and thin films significantly varied depending on the addends. Among the three derivatives studied, only cyclobutenofullerene, featuring a folded structure induced by the hydration of the alkyne moiety, exhibited n‐type semiconductor behavior in the thin films. The findings of this study present a novel methodology for synthesizing and functionalizing fullerene derivatives, together with a conceptual framework for tailoring molecular properties.
Molecular Assembly in Optical Cavities
Authors: Hirai Kenji , Uji‐i Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChemistry has traditionally focused on the synthesis of desired compounds, with organic synthesis being a key method for obtaining target molecules. In contrast, self‐assembly —where molecules spontaneously organize into well‐defined structures— has emerged as a powerful tool for fabricating intricate structures. Self‐assembly was initially studied in biological systems but has been developed for synthetic methods, leading to the field of supramolecular chemistry, where non‐covalent interactions/bonds guide molecular assembly. This has led to the development of complex molecular structures, such as metal‐organic frameworks and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. Parallel to this field, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), developed in the mid‐20th century, has recently intersected with molecular assembly. Early research in cavity strong coupling focused on inorganic solids and simple molecules, but has since extended to molecular assemblies. The strong coupling synergized with molecular assembly will generate new polaritonic phenomena and applications.
Distributed dynamic event‐triggered consensus of linear multiagent systems on time scales
Authors: Shi Jinfeng , Wan Peng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on consensus of linear multiagent systems (LMASs) on time scales via distributed dynamic event‐triggered control (DETC). First, distributed dynamic event‐triggered generators are established for LMASs on time scales, where the introduction of auxiliary variables can adjust their triggering thresholds and help reduce triggering frequency. Second, under the proposed dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM), matrix inequality criteria are derived to guarantee that LMASs on time scales achieve consensus via the feedback controllers. Third, under the same DETM, a novel adaptive controller is proposed for each agent to achieve consensus under matrix inequality criteria, which includes the updating law and the maximum of the coupling strength. Additionally, it is demonstrated that Zeno behavior can be avoided for the closed‐loop systems with distributed event‐triggered feedback/adaptive controllers. Last but not least, theoretical results of LMASs on time scales can be applied to discrete‐time systems, continuous‐time systems and dynamic systems whose state intermittently changes in one time period and continuously evolves in another time period. The feasibility of the designed distributed dynamic event‐triggered feedback/adaptive controllers is verified by two simulation examples.
The learning curve for hood‐sparing robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A single‐surgeon experience
Authors: Simpson Keith R. S. , Krishnan Jamie , Taylor Linda , McNeill Alan , Good Daniel W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of anterior hood‐sparing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with posterior‐anterior reconstruction in a single‐surgeon series by analysing oncological and functional continence outcomes.Patients and MethodsWe carried out a cohort comparison study of a prospectively collected single‐surgeon series. The surgeon was an ‘in‐training’ fellowship trained surgeon in their first 2 years of independent practice. There were three cohorts identified from electronic and scanned paper operation notes. The first cohort of standard anterior RARP (no hood sparing) included initial patients and any patient in the consecutive series who had completed 3 month FU after RARP. The second cohort was hemi‐hood‐sparing RARP again within the consecutive database of patients and lastly full‐hood‐sparing RARP. Early continence was defined by patients reporting being ‘dry’ and with 0 pad or 1 confidence/security pad. Data was collected in an Excel spreadsheet, and SPSS was used to assess distribution with non‐parametric data being analysed using a Mann Whitney U test and parametric data with an unpaired t‐test.ResultsWe identified 174 patients from March 2020 to February 2022 who were operated on. Full pathology and 6‐week follow‐up pad use data was available for all patients. At 12 months, some data for EPIC‐26 was not available (lack of response/clinic non‐attendance). The results demonstrate doubling in early continence to over 75% at 6‐week follow‐up with comparable positive margin rates. This difference was statistically significantly better in the dorsal venous complex RARP sparing group in comparison to standard RARP (p < 0.001).ConclusionAnterior hood‐sparing RARP with anterior reconstruction is a modification to the standard anterior RARP approach with a short learning curve which provides patients with better early and late continence without compromise to oncological outcomes.
Determination of Sennoside A in Rat Plasma by Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to a Rat Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Gu Yifan , Gu Chunyan , Qi Wen , Chu Feifei , Shen Jiawei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo characterize pharmacokinetic profile of sennoside A in rats after intravenous and oral administration, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for quantitative determination of sennoside A in rat plasma. After prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, sennoside A and internal standard were separated on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) column using acetonitrile and 5‐mM ammonium acetate in water as mobile phase by gradient elution. The method showed excellent linearity over the range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL with acceptable intra‐ and inter‐day precision, accuracy, matrix effect, and recovery. The stability assay indicated that sennoside A was stable in plasma during the sample collection, preparation, and analysis. Next, the method was applied to pharmacokinetic study of sennoside A in rats. After intravenous and intragastric administrated to rats, the concentrations of sennoside A in plasma at different time points were quantitated and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software of DAS 2.0. Pharmacokinetic parameters suggested that after oral administration, sennoside A was reached to the peak at 2.9–3.6 h with a Cmax value of 13.2–31.7 ng/mL. Sennoside A was eliminated slowly from the plasma with T1/2 value between 15.4 and 18.3 h. The oral absolute bioavailability was among 0.9%–1.3%, which indicated low blood exposure level.
Stability of response styles in a personality measure: Evidence with clinical adolescents
Authors: Wu Pei‐Chen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn counselling and psychotherapy, individuals may exhibit response styles when completing personality measures, potentially distorting comparisons of inter‐ and intra‐differences. However, previous research has primarily focused on nonclinical samples and cross‐sectional data, leaving gaps in our understanding of the stability of response styles and their impact on clinical samples. This study aimed to fill gaps in knowledge by applying a mixed Rasch model to explore response style stability in a personality measure in clinical adolescents.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 290 clinical adolescents (112 males and 178 females) who were experiencing depressive symptoms and receiving continuous treatment for at least 2 years. Each participant completed a personality assessment at four time points with a six‐month interval between each assessment. To comprehensively examine the stability of response styles over an extended period, this study utilised mixed Rash modelling to analyse enduring response patterns using data collected at the initial (T1) and fourth (T4) assessments, which were spaced 2 years apart.ResultsUsing mixed Rasch modelling, the results showed that the extreme response style (ERS) and middle response style (MRS) were the two most common response styles in the five domains of the Big Five Inventory‐21 at T1 and T4. The ERS and MRS remained stable throughout the mental health intervention. There was no gender‐related relationship found for response styles in the data at separate time points (T1 and T4) or in the longitudinal data (long‐format data). Importantly, the findings revealed that odds of a clinical adolescent changing their personality response style (ERS → MRS or MRS → ERS) increased by 1.15 times with each unit increase in depression score.ConclusionResearchers and practitioners should be aware that the stability of the ERS and MRS for a personality measure may result in response style‐based explanations for findings obtained from longitudinal data, such as trait stability or trait change over waves.
Application of Chalcone in the Structural Modification of Natural Products: An Overview
Authors: Quan Yin‐Sheng , Liu Jin‐Ying , Wang Ya‐Lan , Liu Zheng , Quan Zhe‐Shan , Wang Si‐Hong , Yin Xiu‐Mei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNatural products frequently display a range of biological activities, yet many exhibit only moderate efficacy during initial evaluations. Often, these natural substances necessitate structural alterations to yield promising lead compounds. Chalcones, characterized by their β‐unsaturated carbonyl aromatic ketone structure, are prevalent in plant life and serve as fundamental scaffolds for the biosynthetic precursors of flavonoids and isoflavones. Due to their straightforward synthesis and extensive spectrum of biological effects, chalcones have found extensive application in medicinal chemistry. Chalcone analogs have demonstrated significant potential for drug discovery and development, as structural modifications can both amplify pharmacological efficacy and effectively mitigate toxic side effects. This paper endeavors to delve into the applications of chalcones in the structural modification of natural products, providing a theoretical foundation for future endeavors in derivatization and drug development. The full paper is organized into categories based on the biological activities of the derivatives, including anti‐dyslipidemic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, anti‐Alzheimer, and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Magnetohydrodynamic Enhancement of Biofuel Cell Performance
Authors: Salinas Gerardo , Safarik Tatjana , Meneghello Marta , Bichon Sabrina , Gounel Sebastien , Mano Nicolas , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiofuel cells have become an interesting alternative for the design of sustainable energy conversion systems with multiple applications ranging from biosensing and bioelectronics to autonomously moving devices. However, as an electrochemical system, their performance is intimately related to mass transport conditions. In this work, the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect is studied as an easy and straightforward alternative to enhance the performance of a biofuel cell based on the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOx) and bilirubin oxidase (BOD). The synergetic effect between the electric and ionic currents, produced by the enzymatic redox reactions, and a magnetic field orthogonal to the surface of the electrodes, leads to the formation of localized magnetohydrodynamic vortexes. Such an integrated convective regime generates an increase of the bioelectrocatalytic current and its concomitant power output in the presence of the external magnetic field. In addition, by fine‐tuning the spatial arrangement of the anode and cathode, it is possible to benefit from the sum of anodic and cathodic MHD vortexes, leading to an enhanced power output of up to 300 %.
Dual‐Coreactants Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Ding Jialian , Su Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of ruthenium(II) tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl) (Ru(bpy)32+) with tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA) as the good coreactant can be unexpectedly enhanced by a weak coreactant, such as triethanolamine (TEOA). First, the intensity of ECL emitted by Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA can be remarkably amplified by 10.8‐fold after adding some amount of TEOA. Moreover, the ECL layer thickness, measured by self‐interference spectroscopy, is also doubled. The enhancement far exceeding the superposition of respective contribution of TPrA and TEOA was elucidated by a “chemical oxidation mechanism”, in which TEOA+⋅ acts as a chemical enhancer to oxidize TPrA in solution and to accelerate significantly the ECL reaction kinetics. This mechanism was proved by single‐photon counting experiment and finite element simulations. In addition, the dual‐coreactants strategy works well not only in solution with freely diffusive Ru(bpy)32+, but also on Ru(bpy)32+‐functionalized microbeads, suggesting that ethanolamines could act as cheap, easily available and low‐background enhancers for ECL‐based bioanalysis and microscopy.
Prediction of SO2 concentration in WFGD system based on GWO optimized CNN‐BiLSTM‐attention
Authors: Tang Minan , Bai Zhongcheng , Qiu Jiandong , Rao Chuntao , Jiang Yude , Sheng Wenxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to external disturbances, the parameters of the desulphurization system are uncertain, and their relationships are complex, which makes it difficult to predict the concentration of SO2 at the desulphurization system outlet. In this paper, grey wolf optimization (GWO) optimized convolutional neural network (CNN)‐bi‐directional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM)‐Attention algorithm was used for prediction, and the problem of low SO2 concentration prediction accuracy at outlet has been resolved. First, the outliers of the thermal power plant desulphurization data were processed using the local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm. Secondly, CNN‐BiLSTM model was constructed using CNN and BiLSTM, and attention module was added to realize feature extraction and better capture the regularity of input data. Then, the CNN‐BiLSTM‐Attention model was optimized using GWO and its hyperparameters were improved. Finally, based on the Matlab R2023a platform, the prediction comparison as well as the error analysis of the desulphurization data were carried out. In the prediction of SO2 concentration in low‐flow continuous slurry supply mode, the error of the combined model decreased by 23.2% on average compared to the CNN‐BiLSTM‐Attention model. In the prediction of SO2 concentration in the high‐flow intermittent slurry supply mode, the error of the combined model decreased by 20.8% on average. According to the results, the combined model surpasses both the single model and several other algorithmic combination models in terms of performance metrics, and the predictions are more accurate.
Eco‐friendly Synthesis and Molecular Modelling of 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine Derivatives: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies for Lead Optimization
Authors: Schiano Marica Erminia , Billi Chiara , Grillo Giorgio , Tkachuk Oleh , De Caro Carmen , Russo Emilio , Comella Federica , Meli Rosaria , Frecentese Francesco , Santagada Vincenzo , Cinque Pierfrancesco , Albrizio Stefania , Persico Marco , Sodano Federica , Fattorusso Caterina , Rimoli Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract7‐methyl‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐3‐carboxylic acid (DM1) and 6‐methoxy‐2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐3‐carboxylic acid (DM2) have been shown to act as human (h) Cav3.1 voltage‐gated calcium channel blockers with promising in vivo anti‐absence activity, positioning them as potential antiepileptic drugs. The primary aim of this work was to develop cost‐effective and environmentally friendly synthetic procedures for preparing 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine derivatives. After optimizing the synthesis of this compound class using efficient and green techniques such as microwaves and ultrasound irradiation, we further evaluated the antiepileptic effects of DM1 and DM2 in two animal models: CD‐1 ICR mice after pentylenetetrazol administration and DBA/2 mice with seizures induced by audiogenic stimuli. Their neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress were assessed using C6 rat brain glioma cells. DM1 and DM2 exhibited potent anti‐seizure effects in both animal models and demonstrated significant in vitro neuroprotective activity by reducing reactive oxygen species release. To lay the groundwork for the future rational optimization of this promising class of compounds, the molecular bases of DM1 and DM2 activity were investigated by modelling their interaction with hCav3.1 channels. The calculated binding modes of DM1 and DM2 to hCav3.1 channels partially mirrored that of the selective Cav3.1 blocker Z944, paving the way for future lead optimization.
Immunotherapy‐Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Causing Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report and Review of Current Guidelines
Authors: Disterhaft Patrick , Kerr Caleb , Barnett Daniel , Salloum Moti 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are becoming more frequently used in the treatment of many types of malignant cancers by disinhibiting T‐cell activation, which promotes the destruction of cancer cells. This disinhibition can also result in autoimmune conditions, like endocrinopathies.CaseWe report a case of a 78‐year‐old male patient with malignant mesothelioma treated with combination ICI therapy who presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with no history of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with intravenous (IV) fluid repletion and IV insulin for DKA. The patient was diagnosed with new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) induced by ICI therapy.DiscussionApproximately 75% of patients diagnosed with ICI‐induced T1DM initially present with DKA. This, along with the rapid onset of hyperglycemia in this patient, suggests current guidelines for monitoring blood glucose are inadequate. Current guidelines recommend monitoring blood glucose at the following times: baseline, at the initiation of each cycle for 12 weeks, and then every 3–6 weeks thereafter. We propose the following schedule for monitoring blood glucose in patients receiving ICI therapy: baseline, twice weekly for the first six cycles, and then once weekly thereafter. This proposed update is supported by our patient's rapid onset of hyperglycemia and other case reports and reviews showing that most patients with this diagnosis have an initial presentation of DKA. Detecting hyperglycemia and starting treatment early is important in the prevention of acute complications from uncontrolled T1DM, like DKA.ConclusionThis case adds to the existing body of literature and provides support for more frequent monitoring of blood glucose in patients receiving ICI therapy. Blood glucose monitoring is a simple, reliable, low risk, and inexpensive laboratory test that should be used in patients receiving ICI therapy to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment of T1DM.
Secondary Osteosarcoma After Carbon‐Ion Radiotherapy for Desmoid‐Type Fibromatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Aketo Mizuki , Emori Makoto , Takada Kohichi , Murase Kazuyuki , Arihara Yohei , Shimizu Junya , Murahashi Yasutaka , Okamoto Masahiko , Sugita Shintaro , Teramoto Atsushi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRadiotherapy is considered an alternative treatment for unresectable or pharmacologically resistant desmoid‐type fibromatosis. While it results in relatively good local control, the risk of secondary malignancy remains a concern.CaseWe present a case of secondary osteosarcoma after carbon‐ion radiation therapy (CIRT). A 31‐year‐old male patient presented with left thigh pain. The tumor was located between the left gluteus maximus and gluteus medius and extended to the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. It was diagnosed as desmoid‐type fibromatosis after needle biopsy. The patient was treated with several medications, including a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and tamoxifen; however, his left thigh pain did not improve. He was treated with CIRT 1 year after diagnosis (67.2 Gy [relative biological effectiveness] 16fr/4wks). He developed osteosarcoma of the left femur 8 years later. He underwent chemotherapy and tumor excision with disarticulation of the left hip. Pulmonary metastasis was detected 6 and 17 months after the definitive surgery and excised using metastasectomy. However, he died due to the recurrence of multiple pulmonary metastases 29 months after the definitive surgery.ConclusionsIn this case, we believe that the low radiation dose to the femur may have caused secondary malignancy.
Cerium Dioxide‐Induced Abundant Cu+/Cu0 Sites for Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to C2+ Products
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Wang Jiajun , Liu Shuang , Zhang Xuan , Jin Lin , Feng Lanlan , Kong Demeng , Zhang Chenxi , Wei Yajuan , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) has made many advances in C2+ production. Cu+/Cu0 site is beneficial for C−C coupling process, but the oxidation state of copper cannot be well maintained during the reaction process, resulting in a decrease in catalyst activity. Based on this consideration, in this work, transition metal oxide CeO2 with a hollow cube structure and oxygen vacancies was introduced to stabilize and increase Cu+/Cu0 active sites (Ce1Cu2). The catalyst exhibits excellent CO2RR performance, with FEC2+ achieving 73.52 % and jC2+ >280 mA/cm2 at 1.26 V (vs. RHE). Ethanol is the main C2+ product and FEethanol reaches 39 % at 1.26 V. The experimental results indicate that the presence of CeO2 provides a large number of oxygen vacancies and forming Cu+‐O2−‐Ce4+ structure by the strong interaction of CeO2 and Cu NPs. The structure of Cu+‐O2−‐Ce4+ and abundant oxygen vacancies lay a good foundation for the CO2 adsorption. Moreover, it increases the content of Cu+/Cu0 sites, effectively inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction, promoting the C−C coupling interaction, thereby facilitating the generation of C2+ products. The DFT theoretical calculation further demonstrates that Ce1Cu2 is more inclined towards the ethanol pathway, confirming its high selectivity for ethanol.