bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Once Misjudged and Banned: Promoting the Musical Heritage in the GDR and Discourse Surrounding the 1959 Felix Mendelssohn Festwoche
Authors: SNYDER BETH 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn February 1959 East Germany fêted the legacy of Felix Mendelssohn with a week-long celebration. Like earlier festivals honouring composers such as Handel, these festivities provided a site for working out in practical terms abstract theories of the ethico-political value of the Germanic cultural heritage to a socialist German state. Yet, discourse surrounding the Festwoche indicates a unique approach to such negotiations. Debates surrounding the festival are analysed, including publications in journals and newspapers as well as speeches, in order to demonstrate that the circumstances surrounding the Mendelssohn festivities fomented remarkably diverse responses to issues pertaining to the value of the musical heritage and to Mendelssohn's place within that heritage. Further, the problems Mendelssohn's life and work presented led one of the most important musicologists in the GDR – Georg Knepler – to embrace a radically Marxian (rather than Marxist–Leninist) account of the significance of the composer's music to East German audiences.
Transcriptome assembly and polymorphism detection in Silene ciliata (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Sacristán-Bajo Sandra , García-Fernández Alfredo , Iriondo Jose M. , Lara-Romero Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSilene ciliata (Caryophyllaceae) is a key species to test evolutionary hypotheses in a global warming context. The recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing technologies can help in providing clues about climate-mediated local adaptation. In the present study, we analysed the full transcriptome of six individuals of S. ciliata from Central Spain, by aligning it with the transcriptome of S. latifolia. We aimed (a) to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the transcriptome of the species, (b) to describe the biological function of the polymorphic genes expressed and (c) to identify loci that may be involved in local adaptation processes at optimal and marginal populations of the species. We identified a total of 147,118 SNPs distributed throughout 12,688 sequences. The number of polymorphic sequences annotated was 8023. One hundred thirty sequences containing polymorphisms strongly associated with optimal and marginal conditions were selected. Gene ontology searches were successful for 118, and many of these were related to responses to stress (n = 19) and abiotic stimulus (n = 16). Genomic data generated provide a starting point for further research on the identification of candidate genes related to local adaptation and other processes in the species.
Disappearing World Heritage Glaciers as a Keystone of Nature Conservation in a Changing Climate
Authors: Bosson J.‐B. , Huss M. , Osipova E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince 1972, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Convention aims to identify and protect sites of Outstanding Universal Value for future generations. However, growing impacts of climate change are of the utmost concern for the integrity of many sites. Here, we inventory the glaciers present in natural World Heritage sites for the first time. We found 19,000 glaciers in 46 sites located all over the world. We analyze their recent evolution, current state, and project their mass change over the 21st century. Our results are based on a comprehensive review of the literature as well as a state‐of‐the‐art glaciological model for computing glacier responses up to 2100. Illustrating the strong influence of CO2 emission scenarios and human actions on future ice loss magnitude, we project the wastage of 33% to 60% of the 2017 cumulative ice volume of 12,000 km3 of World Heritage glaciers by 2100. Furthermore, we expect complete glacier extinction in 8 to 21 of the investigated World Heritage sites until the end of the century, depending on the climate scenario. We suggest that World Heritage glaciers should be considered as analogs to endangered umbrella, keystone, and flagship species, whose conservation would secure wider environmental and social benefits at global scale.
A Satellite Assessment of Environmental Controls of Phytoplankton Community Size Structure
Authors: Mouw Colleen B. , Ciochetto Audrey B. , Yoder James A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhytoplankton play a key role as the base of the marine food web and a crucial component in the Earth's carbon cycle. There have been a few regional studies that have utilized satellite‐estimated phytoplankton functional type products in conjunction with other environmental metrics. Here we expand to a global perspective and ask, what are the physical drivers of phytoplankton composition variability? Using a variety of satellite‐observed ocean color products and physical properties spanning 1997–2015, we characterize spatial and temporal variability in phytoplankton community size structure in relation to satellite‐based physical drivers. We consider the relationships globally and by major thermal regimes (cold and warm), dominant size distribution, and chlorophyll concentration variability. Globally, euphotic depth is the most important parameter driving phytoplankton size variability and also over the majority of the high‐latitude ocean and the central gyres. In all other regions, size variability is driven by a balance of light and mode of nutrient delivery. We investigated the relationship between size composition and chlorophyll concentration and the physical drivers through correlation analysis. Changes in size composition over time are regionally varying and explained by temporal shifts in the varying physical conditions. These changes in phytoplankton size composition and the varying underlying physical drivers will ultimately impact carbon export and food web processes in our changing ocean.
Slow Slip Event Detection in Cascadia Using Vertical Derivatives of Horizontal Stress Rates
Authors: Haines John , Wallace Laura M. , Dimitrova Lada 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present a new approach assuming elastic behavior at the Earth's surface to invert continuous GPS time series for Vertical Derivatives of Horizontal Stress rates. This approach enables detection of transient slow slip events at the Cascadia subduction zone. Vertical Derivatives of Horizontal Stress rates are the most spatially compact expression of surface deformation due to subsurface deformation sources (compared to GPS displacement/velocity fields, and strain rates), and enable identification of transient slip events and temporal evolution of locking on the interface throughout the slow slip cycle. Slow slip events (SSEs) identified by our method coincide spatially and temporally with tremor episodes, and agree well with SSEs identified by previous geodetic studies. We present daily slip models that fit the Vertical Derivatives of Horizontal Stress rates, showing phases of locking, unlocking, and SSEs on the subduction interface for the 2009–2015 period. Similar to previous studies, our results highlight along‐strike variations in SSEs and locking behavior from northern Cascadia to southern Cascadia. Between events, the SSE source zone in northern Cascadia appears to be completely locked. In contrast, we suggest that some fraction of plate motion in the SSE zone in central and southern Cascadia is accommodated by steady creep (or very small, frequent SSEs) between large SSE events. We observe rapid relocking of the interface (within weeks) following the end of most SSEs, with implications for the time scales of fault healing following deformation events. Our results present a promising approach to transient deformation detection, with a fine temporal and spatial resolution of the surface expression of deformation.
An Overview of Global Leaf Area Index (LAI): Methods, Products, Validation, and Applications
Authors: Fang Hongliang , Baret Frédéric , Plummer Stephen , Schaepman‐Strub Gabriela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLeaf area index (LAI) is a critical vegetation structural variable and is essential in the feedback of vegetation to the climate system. The advancement of the global Earth Observation has enabled the development of global LAI products and boosted global Earth system modeling studies. This overview provides a comprehensive analysis of LAI field measurements and remote sensing estimation methods, the product validation methods and product uncertainties, and the application of LAI in global studies. First, the paper clarifies some definitions related to LAI and introduces methods to determine LAI from field measurements and remote sensing observations. After introducing some major global LAI products, progresses made in temporal compositing and prospects for future LAI estimation are analyzed. Subsequently, the overview discusses various LAI product validation schemes, uncertainties in global moderate resolution LAI products, and high resolution reference data. Finally, applications of LAI in global vegetation change, land surface modeling, and agricultural studies are presented. It is recommended that (1) continued efforts are taken to advance LAI estimation algorithms and provide high temporal and spatial resolution products from current and forthcoming missions; (2) further validation studies be conducted to address the inadequacy of current validation studies, especially for underrepresented regions and seasons; and (3) new research frontiers, such as machine learning algorithms, light detection and ranging technology, and unmanned aerial vehicles be pursued to broaden the production and application of LAI.
On the Relationship Between Aerosol and Boundary Layer Height in Summer in China Under Different Thermodynamic Conditions
Authors: Lou Mengyun , Guo Jianping , Wang Lingling , Xu Hui , Chen Dandan , Miao Yucong , Lv Yanmin , Li Yuan , Guo Xiaoran , Ma Shuangliang , Li Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe observed relationships between boundary layer height (BLH) and PM2.5 on a national scale remain unclear due to the dearth of observations. Here we investigated this relationship from a unique perspective of thermodynamic stability in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), using summertime (June–August) soundings from China for the period from 2014 to 2017. For all three times of soundings (0800, 1400, and 2000 Beijing time [BJT]), positive (negative) PM2.5 concentrations anomalies were found to correlate with negative (positive) BLHs anomalies relative to daily means. The negative correlation was strongest at 1400 BJT, followed by 2000 BJT and 0800 BJT. Overall, the PM2.5 was found to nonuniformly anticorrelate with BLH across China at 0800 and 2000 BJT. The strongest anticorrelation occurred in the North China Plain at 1400 BJT, in sharp contrast to the much weaker correlation in other regions characterized by much less polluted regions. The averaged PM2.5 in neutral boundary layers was higher than that in convective boundary layers (CBLs). The CBL, where the anticorrelation was the strongest, was conducive to dissipating more aerosol in the heavily polluted area in China than neutral boundary layer. The higher CBL formed under low cloud cover, low surface humidity, and strong wind speed was favorable for the dispersion of aerosol, in contrast to the stable boundary layers that happen under the highest cloud cover. Also, positive correlation was seen between stable boundary layer and PM2.5. The findings call for attention that the thermodynamical condition of PBL should be considered when examining the aerosol‐PBL interactions.
PTPRB promotes metastasis of colorectal carcinoma via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Weng Xingyue , Chen Wei , Hu Wangxiong , Xu Kailun , Qi Lina , Chen Jiani , Lu Demin , Shao Yinkuan , Zheng Xi , Ye Chenyang , Zheng Shu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type B (PTPRB) correlates with the development of a variety of tumors. Here we show that PTPRB promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We find that PTPRB is expressed at significantly higher levels in CRC tissues compared to adjacent nontumor tissues and in CRC cell lines with high invasion. PTPRB knockdown decreased the number of invasive CRC cells in an in vitro wound healing model, and also reduced tumor metastasis in vivo. Conversely, PTPRB overexpression promoted CRC cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. PTPRB overexpression decreased vimentin expression and promoted E-cadherin expression, consistent with promotion of EMT, while PTPRB knockdown had the opposite effect. Hypoxic conditions induced EMT and promoted invasion in CRC cells, but these effects were eliminated by PTPRB knockdown. EMT blockade via TWIST1 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasiveness of CRC cells, and even increased PTPRB expression could not reverse this effect. Altogether, these data support the conclusion that PTPRB promotes invasion and metastasis of CRC cells via inducing EMT, and that PTPRB would be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC.
Uncertainty in near-term global surface warming linked to tropical Pacific climate variability
Authors: Bordbar Mohammad Hadi , England Matthew H. , Sen Gupta Alex , Santoso Agus , Taschetto Andréa S. , Martin Thomas , Park Wonsun , Latif Mojib 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClimate models generally simulate a long-term slowdown of the Pacific Walker Circulation in a warming world. However, despite increasing greenhouse forcing, there was an unprecedented intensification of the Pacific Trade Winds during 1992–2011, that co-occurred with a temporary slowdown in global surface warming. Using ensemble simulations from three different climate models starting from different initial conditions, we find a large spread in projected 20-year globally averaged surface air temperature trends that can be linked to differences in Pacific climate variability. This implies diminished predictive skill for global surface air temperature trends over decadal timescales, to a large extent due to intrinsic Pacific Ocean variability. We show, however, that this uncertainty can be considerably reduced when the initial oceanic state is known and well represented in the model. In this case, the spatial patterns of 20-year surface air temperature trends depend largely on the initial state of the Pacific Ocean.
ZnO composite nanolayer with mobility edge quantization for multi-value logic transistors
Authors: Lee Lynn , Hwang Jeongwoon , Jung Jin Won , Kim Jongchan , Lee Ho-In , Heo Sunwoo , Yoon Minho , Choi Sungju , Van Long Nguyen , Park Jinseon , Jeong Jae Won , Kim Jiyoung , Kim Kyung Rok , Kim Dae Hwan , Im Seongil , Lee Byoung Hun , Cho Kyeongjae , Sung Myung Mo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA quantum confined transport based on a zinc oxide composite nanolayer that has conducting states with mobility edge quantization is proposed and was applied to develop multi-value logic transistors with stable intermediate states. A composite nanolayer with zinc oxide quantum dots embedded in amorphous zinc oxide domains generated quantized conducting states at the mobility edge, which we refer to as “mobility edge quantization”. The unique quantized conducting state effectively restricted the occupied number of carriers due to its low density of states, which enable current saturation. Multi-value logic transistors were realized by applying a hybrid superlattice consisting of zinc oxide composite nanolayers and organic barriers as channels in the transistor. The superlattice channels produced multiple states due to current saturation of the quantized conducting state in the composite nanolayers. Our multi-value transistors exhibited excellent performance characteristics, stable and reliable operation with no current fluctuation, and adjustable multi-level states.
A binding cooperativity switch driven by synergistic structural swelling of an osmo-regulatory protein pair
Authors: Narayan Abhishek , Gopi Soundhararajan , Fushman David , Naganathan Athi N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUropathogenic E. coli experience a wide range of osmolarity conditions before and after successful infection. Stress-responsive regulatory proteins in bacteria, particularly proteins of the Hha family and H-NS, a transcription repressor, sense such osmolarity changes and regulate transcription through unknown mechanisms. Here we use an array of experimental probes complemented by molecular simulations to show that Cnu, a member of the Hha protein family, acts as an exquisite molecular sensor of solvent ionic strength. The osmosensory behavior of Cnu involves a fine-tuned modulation of disorder in the fourth helix and the three-dimensional structure in a graded manner. Order-disorder transitions in H-NS act synergistically with molecular swelling of Cnu contributing to a salt-driven switch in binding cooperativity. Thus, sensitivity to ambient conditions can be imprinted at the molecular level by tuning not just the degree of order in the protein conformational ensemble but also through population redistributions of higher-order molecular complexes.
I-BEAT: Ultrasonic method for online measurement of the energy distribution of a single ion bunch
Authors: Haffa Daniel , Yang Rong , Bin Jianhui , Lehrack Sebastian , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Ding Hao , Englbrecht Franz S. , Gao Ying , Gebhard Johannes , Gilljohann Max , Götzfried Johannes , Hartmann Jens , Herr Sebastian , Hilz Peter , Kraft Stephan D. , Kreuzer Christian , Kroll Florian , Lindner Florian H. , Metzkes-Ng Josefine , Ostermayr Tobias M. , Ridente Enrico , Rösch Thomas F. , Schilling Gregor , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Speicher Martin , Taray Derya , Würl Matthias , Zeil Karl , Schramm Ulrich , Karsch Stefan , Parodi Katia , Bolton Paul R. , Assmann Walter , Schreiber Jörg 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe shape of a wave carries all information about the spatial and temporal structure of its source, given that the medium and its properties are known. Most modern imaging methods seek to utilize this nature of waves originating from Huygens’ principle. We discuss the retrieval of the complete kinetic energy distribution from the acoustic trace that is recorded when a short ion bunch deposits its energy in water. This novel method, which we refer to as Ion-Bunch Energy Acoustic Tracing (I-BEAT), is a refinement of the ionoacoustic approach. With its capability of completely monitoring a single, focused proton bunch with prompt readout and high repetition rate, I-BEAT is a promising approach to meet future requirements of experiments and applications in the field of laser-based ion acceleration. We demonstrate its functionality at two laser-driven ion sources for quantitative online determination of the kinetic energy distribution in the focus of single proton bunches.
Short range biaxial strain relief mechanism within epitaxially grown BiFeO3
Authors: Bae In-Tae , Yasui Shintaro , Ichinose Tomohiro , Itoh Mitsuru , Shiraishi Takahisa , Kiguchi Takanori , Naganuma Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLattice mismatch-induced biaxial strain effect on the crystal structure and growth mechanism is investigated for the BiFeO3 films grown on La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/SrTiO3 and YAlO3 substrates. Nano-beam electron diffraction, structure factor calculation and x-ray reciprocal space mapping unambiguously confirm that the crystal structure within both of the BiFeO3 thin films is rhombohedral by showing the rhombohedral signature Bragg’s reflections. Further investigation with atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that while the ~1.0% of the lattice mismatch found in the BiFeO3 grown on La0.6Sr0.4MnO3/SrTiO3 is exerted as biaxial in-plane compressive strain with atomistically coherent interface, the ~6.8% of the lattice mismatch found in the BiFeO3 grown on YAlO3 is relaxed at the interface by introducing dislocations. The present result demonstrates the importance of: (1) identification of the epitaxial relationship between BFO and its substrate material to quantitatively evaluate the amount of the lattice strain within BFO film and (2) the atomistically coherent BFO/substrate interface for the lattice mismatch to exert the lattice strain.
N-Doped Carbon NanoWalls for Power Sources
Authors: Evlashin Stanislav A. , Maksimov Yurii M. , Dyakonov Pavel V. , Pilevsky Andrey A. , Maslakov Konstantin I. , Mankelevich Yuri A. , Voronina Ekaterina N. , Vavilov Sergei V. , Pavlov Alexander A. , Zenova Elena V. , Akhatov Iskander S. , Suetin Nikolay V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCycling stability and specific capacitance are the most critical features of energy sources. Nitrogen incorporation in crystalline carbon lattice allows to increase the capacitance without increasing the mass of electrodes. Despite the fact that many studies demonstrate the increase in the capacitance of energy sources after nitrogen incorporation, the mechanism capacitance increase is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrate the simple approach of plasma treatment of carbon structures, which leads to incorporation of 3 at.% nitrogen into Carbon NanoWalls. These structures have huge specific surface area and can be used for supercapacitor fabrication. After plasma treatment, the specific capacitance of Carbon NanoWalls increased and reached 600 F g−1. Moreover, we made a novel DFT simulation which explains the mechanism of nitrogen incorporation into the carbon lattice. This work paves the way to develop flexible thin film supercapacitors based on carbon nanowalls.
Single molecule super-resolution imaging of bacterial cell pole proteins with high-throughput quantitative analysis pipeline
Authors: Altinoglu Ipek , Merrifield Christien J. , Yamaichi Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBacteria show sophisticated control of their cellular organization, and many bacteria deploy different polar landmark proteins to organize the cell pole. Super-resolution microscopy, such as Photo-Activated Localization Microscopy (PALM), provides the nanoscale localization of molecules and is crucial for better understanding of organization and dynamics in single-molecule. However, analytical tools are not fully available yet, in particular for bacterial cell biology. For example, quantitative and statistical analyses of subcellular localization with multiple cells from multiple fields of view are lacking. Furthermore, brightfield images are not sufficient to get accurate contours of small and low contrast bacterial cells, compared to subpixel presentation of target molecules. Here we describe a novel analytic tool for PALM which integrates precisely drawn cell outlines, of either inner membrane or periplasm, labelled by PALM-compatible fluorescent protein fusions, with molecule data for >10,000 molecules from >100 cells by fitting each cell into an oval arc. In the vibrioid bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the polar anchor HubP constitutes a big polar complex which includes multiple proteins involved in chemotaxis and the flagellum. With this pipeline, HubP is shown to be slightly skewed towards the inner curvature side of the cell, while its interaction partners showed rather loose polar localization.