bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Observation of Core–Shell Structures in Individual Lead Titanate Ferroelectric Nanostructures by Tip‐Enhanced Refractive Index Mapping
Authors: Nicklaus Mischa , Kolhatkar Gitanjali , Plathier Julien , Dab Chahinez , Ruediger Andreas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFerroelectrics undergo a size‐driven phase transition at the nanoscale below which the spontaneous polarization, their defining property, irrevocably ceases. This threshold often referred to as the superparaelectric limit has tremendous technological relevance in an era of progressing integration. Just as the balance of short‐range elastic and long‐range electrostatic ordering in bulk, the critical size depends on temperature. Room‐temperature tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) imaging of individual lead titanate (PbTiO3) nanoislands is reported with a spatial resolution of ≈3 nm. Monitoring the spectral shift of the gold‐tip enhanced luminescence, which depends on the local refractive index, images grains composing the nanoislands. The wavelength of the enhanced luminescence shifts between the grains and their boundaries indicating the predicted core–shell structure of ferroelectric and paraelectric phase. The shear force configuration rules out the distance dependence of capacitive plasmonic coupling between tip and substrate as the origin of the observed shift. As the reported temperature‐changes in nonresonant TERS do not account for noticeable thermal effects, the underlying, even though weak, tip‐enhanced Raman spectrum of the grain core reflects PbTiO3 close to the ferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric phase transition which is primarily related to the finite size of the grains.
Mussel‐Inspired Flexible, Durable, and Conductive Fibers Manufacturing for Finger‐Monitoring Sensors
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Guan Xinyi , Wang Xi , Li Yi , Chalmers Evelyn , Liu Xuqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHere a bioinspired facile and versatile method is reported for fabricating highly durable, washable, and electrically conductive fibers and yarns. Self‐polymerized dopamine plays as adherent layers for substrates and then captures Pd2+ catalyst for subsequent metal deposition on substrates. The Pd2+ ions are chelated and partially reduced to nanoparticles by polydopamine (PDA)‐modified substrates and the catalytic performance is investigated in surface electroless deposition. Importantly, this is the first report about PDA as both ligand and enhancement in Pd catalyst system, and the mechanism of their excellent catalytic performance is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This approach can be extended as a general method for fabricating conductors from all kinds of substrates and precursory research about PDA/Pd catalyst application in surface catalysis.
Substrate‐Dependent Electrochemical Dimethoxylation of Olefins
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Li Lijun , Wu Ping , Gong Pengjuan , Liu Rui , Xu Kun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA general and direct electrochemical dimethoxylation of olefins is reported, which enables a divergent route to different products depending on the structure of olefins. The present protocol features mild conditions and broad substrate scope (49 examples) obviating the usage of transtion‐metals and external oxidants. More importantly, to rationalize the divergent route of the transformation, an ionic‐like pathway involving carbocation intermediate is proposed and the diverse products is attributed to the different stability of carbocations.magnified image
Metal‐Free Cyclocarboamination of ortho‐Formyl Phenylacetylenes with Secondary Amines: Access to 1,3‐Diamino‐1H‐Indenes and 3‐Amino‐1‐Indanones
Authors: Cui Jian‐Fang , Tang Rishi , Yang Bin , Lai Nathanael Chun‐Him , Jiang Jia‐Jun , Deng Jie‐Ren , Wong Man‐Kin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work first discloses a new strategy for amine activation to give reactive amine anion by in situ generated iminium cation‐amine anion pair through decomposition of sterically hindered aminals. Utilizing this strategy, a highly regio‐ and chemoselective cyclocarboamination of ortho‐formyl phenylacetylenes with secondary amines has been realized under metal‐free mild reaction conditions. The cyclocarboamination with notably tunable product profiles depends on the separation and purification procedure, a diverse range of 1, 3‐diamino‐1H‐indenes (essentially reactive enamines) and 3‐amino‐1‐indanones were obtained, respectively. Moreover, using iodine as an electrophile to couple with various ortho‐formyl phenylacetylenes and secondary amines, a series of 3‐amino‐2‐iodo‐1‐indanones were efficiently achieved with four bonds (C=O, C−C, C−N and C−I) formation in an one‐pot three‐component reaction. These results demonstrated an unprecedented methodology for the construction of highly functionalized 1H‐indene and 1‐indanone compounds.magnified image
Idiopathic neutropenia of infancy: Data from the Italian Neutropenia Registry
Authors: Farruggia Piero , Fioredda Francesca , Puccio Giuseppe , Onofrillo Daniela , Russo Giovanna , Barone Angelica , Bonanomi Sonia , Boscarol Gianluca , Finocchi Andrea , Ghilardi Roberta , Giordano Paola , Ladogana Saverio , Lassandro Giuseppe , Luti Laura , Lanza Tiziana , Mandaglio Rosalba , Marra Nicoletta , Martire Baldassare , Mastrodicasa Elena , Motta Milena , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Pillon Marta , Porretti Laura , Serafinelli Jessica , Trizzino Angela , Tucci Fabio , Veltroni Marinella , Verzegnassi Federico , Ramenghi Ugo , Dufour Carlo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutoimmune neutropenia of infancy (AIN) is characterized by low risk of severe infection, tendency to spontaneously resolve and typically onset at ≤4–5 years of age; it is due to auto‐antibodies whose detection is often difficult. In case of negativity of 4 antineutrophils autoantibody tests, after having excluded ethnic, postinfection, drug induced, or congenital neutropenia, according to the Italian guidelines the patients will be defined as affected by “idiopathic neutropenia” (IN). We describe the characteristics of 85 IN patients enrolled in the Italian neutropenia registry: they were compared with 336 children affected by AIN. The 2 groups were clinically very similar and the main differences were detection age (later in IN), length of disease (longer in IN) and, among recovered patients, age of spontaneous recovery: the median age at resolution was 2.13 years in AINs and 3.03 years in INs (P = .00002). At bivariate analysis among AIN patients earlier detection age (P = .00013), male sex (P = .000748), absence of leucopenia (P = .0045), and absence of monocytosis (P = .0419) were significantly associated with earlier recovery; in the IN group only detection age (P = .013) and absence of monocytosis (P = .0333) were significant. At multivariate analysis detection age and absence of monocytosis were independently significant (P = 6.7e‐05 and 4.4e‐03, respectively) in the AIN group, whereas in the IN group only detection age stayed significant (P = .013).
Bilingual children with autism spectrum disorders: The impact of amount of language exposure on vocabulary and morphological skills at school age
Authors: Gonzalez‐Barrero Ana Maria , Nadig Aparna 
Published: November 2018

Studies of bilingual children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have focused on early language development using parent report measures. However, the effect of bilingual exposure on more complex linguistic abilities is unknown. In the current study, we examined the impact of amount of language exposure on vocabulary and morphological skills in school‐aged children with ASD who did not have intellectual disability. Forty‐seven typically developing children and 30 children with ASD with varying exposure to French participated in the study. We investigated the impact of amount of language exposure, nonverbal IQ, age, and working memory on language abilities via regression analyses. Current amount of language exposure was the strongest predictor of both vocabulary skills (accounting for 62% of the variance) and morphological skills (accounting for 49% of the variance), for both typically‐developing children and children with ASD. These findings highlight the central role amount of language exposure plays in vocabulary and morphological development for children with ASD, as it does for typically‐developing children. In addition, they provide further evidence that, when provided with adequate language exposure, many children with ASD are capable of acquiring two languages. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1667–1678. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe studied typically developing children and children with ASD living in a bilingual society who had varying exposure to French (ranging from bilinguals to monolinguals). We investigated the impact of amount of language exposure, nonverbal IQ, age, and working memory on their vocabulary and morphological skills. Current amount of language exposure was the strongest predictor of language skills in both groups of children. Findings indicate that when provided with adequate language exposure, many children with ASD are capable of acquiring two languages.
Estimation in the progressive illness‐death model: A nonexhaustive review
Authors: Meira‐Machado Luís , Sestelo Marta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultistate models can be successfully used for describing complex event history data, for example, describing stages in the disease progression of a patient. The so‐called “illness‐death” model plays a central role in the theory and practice of these models. Many time‐to‐event datasets from medical studies with multiple end points can be reduced to this generic structure. In these models one important goal is the modeling of transition rates but biomedical researchers are also interested in reporting interpretable results in a simple and summarized manner. These include estimates of predictive probabilities, such as the transition probabilities, occupation probabilities, cumulative incidence functions, and the sojourn time distributions. We will give a review of some of the available methods for estimating such quantities in the progressive illness‐death model conditionally (or not) on covariate measures. For some of these quantities estimators based on subsampling are employed. Subsampling, also referred to as landmarking, leads to small sample sizes and usually to heavily censored data leading to estimators with higher variability. To overcome this issue estimators based on a preliminary estimation (presmoothing) of the probability of censoring may be used. Among these, the presmoothed estimators for the cumulative incidences are new. We also introduce feasible estimation methods for the cumulative incidence function conditionally on covariate measures. The proposed methods are illustrated using real data. A comparative simulation study of several estimation approaches is performed and existing software in the form of R packages is discussed.
Photoreceptor projection from a four‐tiered retina to four distinct regions of the first optic ganglion in a jumping spider
Authors: Nagata Takashi , Arikawa Kentaro , Kinoshita Michiyo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractJumping spiders have four pairs of eyes (ocelli) of which only the principal eyes (PEs) are used to detect features of objects. Photoreceptors in the retina of the PEs form four layers (PL1–4) and terminate in the first optic ganglion (FOG). Here, we focus on Hasarius adansoni because it has unique depth vision besides color vision and its FOG appears to contribute to the initial processing of these visual modalities. We first investigated the neuroanatomical organization of the FOG. The three‐dimensional structure of the FOG revealed by synapsin immunostaining is horseshoe‐shaped and consists of four terminal zones (TZ1–4). Then, we traced single photoreceptors through serial sections and found that green‐sensitive receptors of PL1 and 2 terminate in TZ1 and 2, respectively, by keeping retinotopic organization. In contrast to TZ1 and 2, TZ3 receives terminals of ultraviolet‐sensitive receptors from lateral regions of both PL3 and 4, while photoreceptors of the medial region of PL3 and 4 terminate in TZ4. We further studied details of photoreceptor terminals and the branching pattern of interneurons in the FOG in Golgi stained preparations. Photoreceptors have long lateral processes in each terminal zone. Some photoreceptors terminating in TZ3 have branches innervating TZ1, indicating that TZ1 receives different spectral information. A type of interneuron connects TZ1 and 2, while others have branches within a single terminal zone or in the entire FOG. These results suggest that TZ1 and 2 contribute to color, shape, and depth vision, while TZ3 and 4 have specific roles for UV vision.
Drought and grazing drive the retrogressive succession by changing the plant–plant interaction of the main species in Inner Mongolia Steppe
Authors: Gao Shaobo , Zheng Zhirong , Wang Yukun , Liu Lei , Zhao Nianxi , Gao Yubao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlant–plant interactions play a key role in the function and structure of communities. The combined effect of drought stress and grazing disturbance on shaping plant–plant interactions is still poorly understood, while this combination is common in semiarid ecosystems. Four species including Stipa grandis, which is dominant in the typical steppe, and Stipa krylovii, Artemisia frigida, and Cleistogenes squarrosa, which are dominant species in the S. grandis degraded communities, were selected as study targets. We conducted a competition experiment (uniformly dense monoculture or mixture, respectively) under controlled conditions, including both drought stress and mowing disturbance, and calculated the relative interaction index (RII) of tiller number and RII of biomass for each species under each condition. (a) Under the same condition, the RII of tiller number and that of biomass for the same species usually showed reverse trends. (b) Mowing disturbance rather than drought stress played a negative role in influencing S. grandis’ or S. krylovii’s RII of tiller number and played a positive role in influencing A. frigida's RII of biomass. (c) Drought stress rather than mowing disturbance played a positive role in influencing C. squarrosa’s RII of tiller number. (d) Neighbor species significantly influenced S. grandis’ RII of tiller number, S. krylovii’s RII of tiller number, A. frigida's RII of tiller number and biomass, and C. squarrosa’s RII of biomass. These results could provide an explanation for why S. krylovii, A. frigida, and C. squarrosa can replace S. grandis and become the dominant species when S. grandis communities undergo a process of degradation due to overgrazing or climatic drought in natural communities. The present study provided powerful evidences for species replacement in the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia and elucidated the driving mechanisms of S. grandis communities’ retrogressive succession.
Heavy‐ion mutagenesis significantly enhances enduracidin production by Streptomyces fungicidicus
Authors: Liu Lu , Hu Wei , Li Wen‐jian , Wang Shu‐yang , Lu Dong , Tian Xue‐jiao , Mao Yan‐qin , Liu Jing , Chen Ji‐hong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo improve fermentative production of enduracidin, heavy‐ion beams generated by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), China, were employed for the first time to generate mutations in Streptomyces fungicidicus. Initial screening detected 44 positive mutants with larger inhibition zone, which were subsequently tested based on flask fermentation. Finally, 20 mutants showed 20% increase in enduracidin production, when compared with the original strain. Among them, enduracidin production by the three mutants (M13, M30, and M34) was significantly higher than that by the original strain. In particular, mutant M30 exhibited highest enduracidin production, which was 114% higher than that obtained with the original strain. Following culture optimization, the maximal enduracidin yield obtained by M30 reached 918.5 mg/L in 10 days, which was 34% higher than that noted in the control.
Bidirectional relations among common psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities and epilepsy: Do they have an impact on the course of the seizure disorder?
Authors: Kanner Andres M. , Ribot Ramses , Mazarati Andrey 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe treatment of epilepsy is not limited to the achievement of a seizure‐free state. It must also incorporate the management of common psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities, affecting on average between 30 and 50% of patients with epilepsy, which have a significant impact on their lives at various levels, including quality of life and the prognosis of the seizure disorder. Mood and anxiety disorders are the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities, whereas stroke and migraine are among the more common neurologic comorbidities, migraine among the younger patients and stroke among the older patients. Not only do these psychiatric and neurologic comorbidities each have a bidirectional relation with epilepsy, but primary mood disorders have a bidirectional relation with these 2 neurologic disorders. Furthermore, depression and migraine have been each associated with a more severe epilepsy course, whereas depression has been associated with a more severe course of stroke and migraines. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical implications of the complex relations among epilepsy and these 3 comorbid disorders, and to identify any clinical and/or experimental evidence that may suggest that having more than one of these comorbid disorders may increase the risk of and course of epilepsy.
On cooperative NOMA relay selection under Nakagami‐m fading and imperfect channel estimation
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Ge Jianhua , Serpedin Erchin , Radaydeh Redha M. , Hu Yifan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), which is an effective technique to achieve high spectral efficiency, has been emerging as a candidate for the fifth‐generation multiple access. In addition, NOMA reflects a transition on the forms of power allocation comparing with the orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In this paper, two relay selection schemes are considered to evaluate the achieved performance of a NOMA‐based relaying network, ie, the max‐min relay selection (MMRS) and the two‐stage relay selection (TSRS) schemes. Exact expression analyses for the system outage probability using the MMRS and TSRS schemes are derived to evaluate the system performance under Nakagami‐m fading. The existence of the error floor, caused by the estimation error, is confirmed by the detailed analysis of the asymptotic result. By comparing NOMA with OMA, and comparing the MMRS scheme with the TSRS scheme, one can reveal that cooperative NOMA under Nakagami‐m fading and imperfect channel estimation can maintain superior performance gain than OMA.
Reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis impair neuronal outgrowth through TRPM7‐mediated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan production
Authors: Kamermans Alwin , Planting Kirsten E. , Jalink Kees , van Horssen Jack , de Vries Helga E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammation‐mediated demyelination, axonal injury and neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying impaired neuronal function are not fully understood, but evidence is accumulating that the presence of the gliotic scar produced by reactive astrocytes play a critical role in these detrimental processes. Here, we identified astrocytic Transient Receptor Potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7 (TRPM7), a Ca2+‐permeable nonselective cation channel, as a novel player in the formation of a gliotic scar. TRPM7 was found to be highly expressed in reactive astrocytes within well‐characterized MS lesions and upregulated in primary astrocytes under chronic inflammatory conditions. TRPM7 overexpressing astrocytes impaired neuronal outgrowth in vitro by increasing the production of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, a key component of the gliotic scar. These findings indicate that astrocytic TRPM7 is a critical regulator of the formation of a gliotic scar and provide a novel mechanism by which reactive astrocytes affect neuronal outgrowth.
The effect of cancer diagnosis on switching health insurance in medicare
Authors: Lissenden Brett 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBecause health insurance is intended to protect patients in the event of a health shock, it is important to evaluate health insurance policy in the context of patients who experience health shocks. I measure the effect of cancer diagnosis on health insurance switching in order to compare cancer patient's preferences among private and publicly administered Medicare. I estimate that a cancer diagnosis increases the probability a patient will leave a private Medicare plan, for the public plan, by 0.8% points (41%). Similarly, a cancer diagnosis decreases the probability a patient will leave the public Medicare plan, for a private plan, by 0.5% points (16%). The implication is that private Medicare plans are relatively less attractive to cancer patients than they are to noncancer patients.
18F‐FDG PET/CT for locoregional surveillance following definitive treatment of head and neck cancer: A meta‐analysis of reported studies
Authors: Wong Erin T. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Yu Eugene , Waldron John , Lu Lin , Fazelzad Rouhi , de Almeida John R. , Veit‐Haibach Patrick , O'Sullivan Brian , Xu Wei , Huang Shao Hui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the performance of 18F‐fluorodeoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) in identifying local failure and regional failure following curative radiotherapy or surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsA comprehensive literature search identified studies published between January 2010 and August 2016. Diagnostic performance of 18F‐FDG PET/CT was evaluated for local failure/regional failure stratified by treatment‐to‐scan time interval of ≤3 versus >3 months.ResultsTwenty‐four studies (2627 patients) were included. Compared to ≤3 months, 18F‐FDG PET/CT performed >3 months showed significantly improved sensitivity (87% vs 60%, P = 0.020) and specificity (93% vs 84%, P < 0.001) for local failure. There was no significant difference in sensitivity (79% vs 56%, P = 0.100) or specificity (95% vs 97%, P = 0.35) for regional failure >3 versus ≤3 months.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis confirms high specificity but modest sensitivity of posttreatment 18F‐FDG PET/CT for local failure and regional failure. Sensitivity and specificity are significantly improved when 18F‐FDG PET/CT is performed >3 months for local failure.