bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schule Hinter Gärten in Riehen – Kunstwerk und postfordistisches Produktionsgebäude
Authors: Egger Jan 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Schulhaus Hinter Gärten in der Gemeinde Riehen im Kanton Basel-Stadt stellt eine Schulanlage dar, die den aktuellen Diskurs einer zeitgemäßen, die pädagogischen Trends entsprechenden Schulhausarchitektur abbildet und manifestiert. Das Schulhaus wurde nicht als Erweiterungs- oder Umbau geplant wurde, sondern von Grund auf für eine wachsende bzw. neu entstehende Siedlung konzipiert.
Häuser machen Schule – ein Resümee
Authors: Egger Jan 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Untersuchung war, aus Schulbauten die manifesten und latenten Sinnstrukturen zu rekonstruieren, die ,in Stein gehauen‘ vorliegen. Die rekonstruierten Bedeutungs- und Sinnstrukturen geben der Schule ein Gesicht und – so die These – prägen die Schule als soziales Unbewusstes langfristig mit. Der Fokus des Forschungsprojektes war explizit nicht die subjektiven Intentionen der Architekt_innen oder der Bauherrschaft.
Associations between autistic-like traits and polymorphisms in NFKBIL1
Authors: Strenn Nina , Hovey Daniel , Jonsson Lina , Anckarsäter Henrik , Lundström Sebastian , Lichtenstein Paul , Ekman Agneta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:The immune system has been suggested to be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders; for example, elevated levels of cytokines and the inflammation-related transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between autistic-like traits (ALTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inNFKB1(encoding a subunit of the NF-κB protein complex) and NF-κB inhibitor-like protein 1 (NFKBIL1).Methods:The study was conducted in a cohort from the general population: The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS,n= 12 319, 9–12 years old). The subjects were assessed by the Autism-Tics, ADHD, and Other Comorbidities Inventory. Five SNPs within the two genes were genotyped (NFKBIL1: rs2857605, rs2239707, rs2230365 and rs2071592;NFKB1: rs4648022).Results:We found significant associations for two SNPs inNFKBIL1: rs2239707 showed a significant distribution of genotype frequencies in the case-control analysis both for all individuals combined and in boys only, and rs2230365 was significantly associated with the ALTs-module language impairment in boys only. Furthermore, we found nominal association in the case-control study for rs2230365, replicating earlier association between this SNP and ASD in an independent genome-wide association study.Conclusion:The shown associations between polymorphisms inNFKBIL1and ALTs are supporting an influence of the immune system on neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Bipolar disorder and the endocannabinoid system
Authors: Arjmand Shokouh , Behzadi Mina , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Mazhari Shahrzad , Sabahi Abdolreza , Shabani Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveBipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating, lifelong neuropsychiatric illness characterised by unsteady mood states which vacillate from (hypo)mania to depression. Despite the availability of pharmaceutical agents which can be effective in ameliorating the acute affective symptoms and prevent episodic relapse, BD is inadequately treated in a subset of patients. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known to exert neuromodulatory effects on other neurotransmitter systems critical in governing emotions. Several studies ranging from clinical to molecular, as well as anecdotal evidence, have placed a spotlight on the potential role of the ECS in the pathophysiology of BD. In this perspective, we present advantages and disadvantages of cannabis use in the management of illness course of BD and provide mechanistic insights into how this system might contribute to the pathophysiology of BD.ResultsWe highlight the putative role of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists in BD and briefly discuss findings which provide a rationale for targeting the ECS to assuage the symptoms of BD. Further, data encourage basic and clinical studies to determine how cannabis and cannabinoids (CBs) can affect mood and to investigate emerging CB-based options as probable treatment approaches.ConclusionThe probable role of the ECS has been almost neglected in BD; however, from data available which suggest a role of ECS in mood control, it is justified to support conducting comprehensive studies to determine whether ECS manipulation could positively affect BD. Based on the limited available data, we suggest that activation of CB2 may stabilise mood in this disorder.
Unimodality of independence polynomials of rooted products of graphs
Authors: Zhu Bao-Xuan , Wang Qingxiu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn 1987, Alavi, Malde, Schwenk and Erdős conjectured that the independence polynomial of any tree is unimodal. Although it attracts many researchers' attention, it is still open. Motivated by this conjecture, in this paper, we prove that rooted products of some graphs preserve real rootedness of independence polynomials. As application, we not only give a unified proof for some known results, but also we can apply them to generate infinite kinds of trees whose independence polynomials have only real zeros. Thus their independence polynomials are unimodal.
La linguistique au congrès de l’A.C.F.A.S.
Authors: Vachon-Spilka Irène 
Published: June 2019

Le vingt-huitième congrès de l’Acfas se tenait cette année à l’Université Laval. Les membres de la section de Linguistique se sont réunis dans l’édifice de la Faculté de Commerce sous la présidence de MM. Gilles-R. Lefebvre et Jean Spekkens.Voici les titres des communications qui ont été prononcées ainsi que le bref résumé qui paraissait sous chacune d’elles au programme officiel du congrès.
The kinetics of the rennin-casein reaction in abnormal cow's milk and milks of some other species and of the action of rennet substitutes on normal cow's milk
Authors: Oosthuizen J. C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn earlier papers it was shown that the fall in viscosity of milk and caseinate solutions acted on by rennet, follows a first-order reaction equation. The reaction rate constant has been found to be independent of the source of the caseinate substrate used. This seems to be true not only for caseinate from normal cow's milk but also from colostrum, slow-clotting cow's milk and even the milk of buffaloes, sheep and probably goats.With solutions of caseinate from sow's milk the reaction kinetics and the proportional viscosity loss were similar to those of cow's caseinate but the rate constants were much lower. Rennet showed no measurable reaction with human, whale, mare or rhinoceros caseinates but produced a constant rate of fall in the viscosity of a camel caseinate for more than an hour from rennetting.Vegetable and microbiological rennet substitutes also produce a fall in the viscosity of sodium caseinate and the reactions follow first-order kinetics. They differ from cheese rennet in that the proteolysis involved is stronger and is not as limited as that of rennin since they attack at least twice as much of the casein ensemble. This might suggest a mixture of enzymes but since the proportionality between enzyme concentration and k1 was very close this seems unlikely.
Electoral Consequences of Colonial Invention: Brokers, Chiefs, and Distribution in Northern Ghana
Authors: Nathan Noah L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article studies the effects of traditional chiefs—a common type of broker—on voters’ ability to extract state resources from politicians. Using original data from Northern Ghana, the author shows that chieftaincy positions invented by colonial authorities are especially prone to capture, leaving voters worse off compared both to more accountable chiefs whose authority dates to the precolonial period and to voters who lack formal chiefs who can serve as brokers. The latter comparison exploits exogenous assignment of ethnic groups to the colonial invention of chieftaincy in the late nineteenth century. The findings suggest that whether voters benefit from brokers amidst clientelistic electoral competition depends on the accountability relationship between brokers and their clients.
Pour étudier les problèmes politiques de l'Afrique tropicale d'expression française à Paris
Authors: Hymans J. 
Published: June 2019

Parmi les principales bibliothèques Parisiennes conservant des collections de documents africains se trouvent:
(1) Bibliothèque de l'Institut d'Etudes politiques 27, rue St. Guillaume, Paris Vlème (métro: St. Germain des Près).
Les services de cette bibliothèque constituent un bon point de départ pour l'Africaniste étranger qui visite Paris. D'intérêt particulier sont les “dossiers” du “Centre de Documentation” (troisième étage de la bibliothèque) où l'on peut trouver sous des rubriques diverses (par exemple: “Relations entre la France et l'Afrique”) des coupures de presse d'à peu près 100 journaux et périodiques français. Les dossiers de coupures sont tenus à jour et couvrent plusieurs années passées. Dans la même bibliothèque du troisième étage il existe un fichier spécial où l'on classe et analyse brièvement les milliers d'articles parus dans les périodiques français depuis dix ans; il y a plusieurs centaines de fiches ayant trait à l'Afrique d'expression francaise. Ce fichier est tenu à jour et comporte des tiroirs consacrés à chacun des nouvelles nations africaines.
Mitochondrial absorption of short wavelength light drives primate blue retinal cones into glycolysis which may increase their pace of aging
Authors: Kam Jaimie Hoh , Weinrich Tobias W. , Sangha Harpreet , Powner Michael B. , Fosbury Robert , Jeffery Glen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotoreceptors have high energy demands and densely packed mitochondria through which light passes before phototransduction. Old world primates including humans have three cone photoreceptor types mediating color vision with short (S blue), medium (M green), and long (L red) wavelength sensitivities. However, S-cones are enigmatic. They comprise <10% of the total cone population, their responses saturate early, and they are susceptible in aging and disease. Here, we show that primate S-cones actually have few mitochondria and are fueled by glycolysis, not by mitochondrial respiration. Glycolysis has a limited ability to sustain activity, potentially explaining early S-cone saturation. Mitochondria act as optical filters showing reduced light transmission at 400–450 nm where S-cones are most sensitive (420 nm). This absorbance is likely to arise in a mitochondrial porphyrin that absorbs strongly in the Soret band. Hence, reducing mitochondria will improve S-cone sensitivity but result in increased glycolysis as an alternative energy source, potentially increasing diabetic vulnerability due to restricted glucose access. Further, glycolysis carries a price resulting in premature functional decline as seen in aged S-cones. Soret band absorption may also impact on mitochondrial rich M and L cones by reducing sensitivity at the lower end of their spectral sensitivity range resulting in increased differentiation from S-cone responses. These data add to the list of unique characteristic of S-cones and may also explain aspects of their vulnerability.
THE ELUSIVE OBJECT OF PUNISHMENT
Authors: Mendlow Gabriel S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAll observers of our legal system recognize that criminal statutes can be complex and obscure. But statutory obscurity often takes a particular form that most observers have overlooked: uncertainty about the identity of the wrong a statute aims to punish. It is not uncommon for parties to disagree about the identity of the underlying wrong even as they agree on the statute's elements. Hidden in plain sight, these unexamined disagreements underlie or exacerbate an assortment of familiar disputes—about venue, vagueness, and mens rea; about DUI and statutory rape; about hate crimes, child pornography, and counterterrorism laws; about proportionality in punishment; and about the proper ambit of the criminal law. Each of these disputes may hinge on deeper disagreements about the identity of the wrong a statute aims to punish, and these deeper disagreements can be surprisingly hard to resolve, fueled as they are by the complex inner structure of our penal laws and the discretionary mechanisms of their administration.
Body size and weight, and the nutrition and activity behaviours of sexual and gender minority youth: findings and implications from New Zealand
Authors: Lucassen Mathijs FG , Guntupalli Aravinda Meera , Clark Terryann , Fenaughty John , Denny Simon , Fleming Theresa , Smith Melody , Utter Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe the body size and weight, and the nutrition and activity behaviours of sexual and gender minority (SGM) students and compare them with those of exclusively opposite-sex-attracted cisgender students. Male and female SGM students were also compared.Design:Data were from a nationally representative health survey.Setting:Secondary schools in New Zealand, 2012.Participants:A total of 7769 students, 9 % were SGM individuals.Results:Overall, weight-control behaviours, poor nutrition and inactivity were common and, in many cases, more so for SGM students. Specifically, male SGM students (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) were significantly more likely to have tried to lose weight (1·95; 1·47, 2·59), engage in unhealthy weight control (2·17; 1·48, 3·19), consume fast food/takeaways (2·89; 2·01, 4·15) and be physically inactive (2·54; 1·65, 3·92), and were less likely to participate in a school sports team (0·57; 0·44, 0·75), compared with other males. Female SGM students (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) were significantly more likely to engage in unhealthy weight control (1·58; 1·20, 2·08), be overweight or obese (1·24; 1·01, 1·53) and consume fast food/takeaways (2·19; 1·59, 3·03), and were less likely to participate in a school sports team (0·62; 0·50, 0·76), compared with other females. Generally, female SGM students were more negatively affected than comparable males, except they were less likely to consume fast food/takeaways frequently (adjusted OR; 95 % CI: 0·62; 0·40, 0·96).Conclusions:SGM students reported increased weight-control behaviours, poor nutrition and inactivity. Professionals, including public health nutritionists, must recognize and help to address the challenges facing sexual and gender minorities.
Dosimetric comparison of TMR10 and convolution dose calculation algorithms in GammaPlan treatment planning system
Authors: Kendall Ethan , Algan Ozer , Chen Yong , Ahmad Salahuddin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims:In this article, our goal is to compare the TMR10 and convolution dose calculation algorithm in GammaPlan used in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments with Gamma Knife and to assess if the algorithms produce clinically significant differences.Materials and methods:Treatment plans were analysed from ten patients who have undergone Gamma Knife SRS treatments. Patient plans were retrospectively recalculated using Lesksell GammaPlan 10 treatment software utilising the TMR10 and convolution dose calculation algorithms in order to create a paired dataset for comparison. Evaluation was based on the dose volume histogram (parameters of minimum, mean, maximum and integral doses.Results:The ratios of average integral doses calculated by the convolution dose calculation algorithm to the average integral doses calculated by the TMR10 algorithm are 0·997 for the target (p=0·028), 1·048 (p=0·48) for the skull and 1·005 (p=0·68) for the brainstem.Conclusions:Although doses calculated with the convolution algorithm resulted in slightly higher mean integral doses for the brainstem and skull critical structures when compared to that of TMR10 doses, these results were not statistically or clinically significant. Thus we continue to use the TMR10 algorithm at our clinic.
Effects of Lycopene in Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Newborn Rats
Authors: Bastug Osman , Fatih Sonmez Mehmet , Ozturk Mehmet Adnan , Korkmaz Levent , Kesici Hakan , Cilenk Kubra Tugce , Halis Hulya , Korkut Sabriye , Ozdemir Ahmet , Bastug Funda , Gunes Tamer , Kurtoglu Selim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of lycopene on a hyperoxia-induced lung injury model in rat pups. Full-term rat pups were included in the study 12–24 h after delivery. The pups were separated into 4 groups: normoxia control (NC), hyperoxia control (HC), hyperoxia + lycopene (HL), and normoxia lycopene (NL). The normoxia groups were housed in ambient air, and the hyperoxia groups in > 85% O2. HL and NL groups received 50 mg lycopene in oil/kg body weight/day delivered intraperitoneally (i.p.), the other groups received oil alone. On day 11, the rat pups were sacrificed and their lungs removed. Statistically significant injury was observed in all histological parameters measured (MLI, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptosis) in the HC group (HC vs NC, p = 0.001). This injury could not be reversed with lycopene treatment (HC vs HL, 0.05; NC vs HL, p = 0.001). With hyperoxia, statistically significant decreases were observed in biochemical parameters in terms of SOD, MDA, and IL-6 values (HC vs NC: SOD, p = 0.02; MDA, p = 0.043; IL-6, p = 0.001). The use of lycopene did not provide any improvement in these values (HC vs HL, p > 0.05). Hyperoxia or lycopene had no effect on IL-1β and GPx (p > 0.05). When comparing NC and NL groups, negative effects were observed in the group given lycopene in terms of MLI, PCNA, apoptosis, and IL-6 (all parameters, p = 0.001). We observed that 50 mg lycopene in oil/kg body weight/day given via i.p. had no curative effect on the hyperoxia-induced lung injury in newborn rats and may even induce adverse effects.
The Consumption of Breakfast, Fish and/or Caffeine does not Predict	Study Progress in Adult Distance Education
Authors: Gijselaers Hieronymus J.M. , Kirschner Paul A. , de Groot Renate H.M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Consumption of breakfast, fish, or caffeine are each separately often investigated in relation to learning performance in traditional education, but not in distance education (DE). The objective of this study was to investigate whether the relations between the consumption of breakfast, fish, and/or caffeine on the one hand and learning performance on the other are also found in DE students. This population is different from traditional students and characterized by a different profile in terms of age, personal and work responsibilities as well as other demographics. In an observational longitudinal study, the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine of 1157 DE students (18–76 years old, mean 35.8 ± 11.1 years) was used to predict learning performance using multiple regression analysis. In an online digital survey, university students provided information about their consumption of these nutritional measures and on important covariates. Learning performance, measured as study progress (i.e., the number of successfully completed modules), was evaluated objectively after 14 months. Results showed that adding the consumption of breakfast, fish, and caffeine to the covariate model did not fit the data better, χ2 (3, N = 1155) = 3.287, p = 0.35. This means that neither the consumption of breakfast nor fish nor caffeine predicted study progress in adults participating in DE. This study is important as it is the first to report on these relations in this specific age group and educational setting, which is increasingly important due to the increased preference for this type of education.
Regulation of Spatial Changes in Phytoplankton Community by Water Column Stability and Nutrients in the Southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Jiang Zhibing , Chen Jianfang , Gao Yuexin , Zhai Hongchang , Jin Haiyan , Zhou Feng , Shou Lu , Yan Xiaojun , Chen Quanzhen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe southern Yellow Sea (SYS) shows extensive spatial variations in water masses, particularly YS Warm Current Water (YSWCW) and YS Coastal Current Water in cold and YS Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and Changjiang Diluted Water in warm seasons. These hydrographic processes result in significant spatial changes in nutrients, stratification, and turbidity, which may highly regulate phytoplankton distribution in the SYS. Here, we provide high spatial resolution data sets of phytoplankton in the SYS in all seasons during 2011–2012. Diatoms thrived in eutrophic Changjiang Diluted Water and YS Coastal Current Water regions. Notably, benthic/meroplanktonic diatoms, including Paralia sulcata and Rhaphoneis spp., were dominant near the Changjiang Estuary and Subei Shoal. However, cryptophytes and haptophytes were dominant in oligotrophic offshore regions controlled by YSWCW and YSBCW. Phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a were considerably lower in the YSWCW and YSBCW than in other regions, and the community composition varied significantly among regions. Algal blooms were observed off the SYS coast in spring and near the Changjiang Estuary in summer, which were characterized by abundant nutrients, low turbidity, and a relatively stable water column. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that stratification in cold and nutrients in warm seasons were most important variables correlated with phytoplankton community. Variation partitioning analysis confirmed that spatial changes in phytoplankton community composition were largely structured by nutrients rather than by physical factors in all seasons except winter. Our findings highlight the significance of water column stability and nutrients associated with water mass variation in shaping spatial changes of phytoplankton community in the SYS.
Steve: The Optical Signature of Intense Subauroral Ion Drifts
Authors: Archer W. E. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Perry G. W. , St.‐Maurice J. P. , Buchert S. C. , Donovan E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLittle is currently known about the optical phenomenon known as Steve. The first scientific publication on the subject suggests that Steve is associated with an intense subauroral ion drift (SAID). However, additional inquiry is warranted as this suggested relationship as it is based on a single case study. Here we present eight occurrences of Steve with coincident or near‐coincident measurements from the European Space Agency's Swarm satellites and show that Steve is consistently associated with SAID. When satellite observations coincident with Steve are compared to that of typical SAID, we find the SAID associated with Steve to have above average peak ion velocities and electron temperatures, as well as extremely low plasma densities.
The Error in Using Superposition to Estimate Pressure During Multisite Subsurface CO2Storage
Authors: De Simone Silvia , Jackson Samuel J. , Krevor Samuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnalytic pressure estimates for multisite CO2injection are typically performed through the superposition of single‐site injection models. This is theoretically invalid for multiphase flow because of its nonlinearity. We quantify the error associated with the application of superposition in scenarios with sites located in a rectangular grid geometry. We show that the use of superposition results in overestimates of the pressure buildup, because it neglects the presence of multiple CO2plumes, which increase the reservoir fluid mobility. The adoption of a dimensionless time scaled to the geometric average between the advective and diffusive characteristic times allows us to define a general model for the maximum error, which may be used to evaluate the validity of using superposition, or to correct the pressure estimates when errors are significant. This procedure can be applied to any analytical solution and advances the extension of single‐well models to scenarios of multiple injection sites.