bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF N-ACETYL CYSTEINE TO SPERM MOTILITY, VIABILITY, AND CONCENTRATION OF SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS WITH NICOTINE INHALATION EXPOSURE
Authors: Waskito Dwi , Renaldo Johan , Soebadi Doddy M 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To prove and analyze the difference of sperm motility, viability, and concentration of Sprague Dawley rats which were exposed to nicotine inhalation, with rats treated with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) orally and exposed to nicotine inhalation. Material & Methods: Twenty seven rats were allocated into three group. Control group (C) (aquadest inhalation 1 mL/kgBW/day), treatment group 1 (N) (nicotine inhalation 1 mg/kgBW/day), and treatment group 2 (N-NAC) (nicotine inhalation 1 mg/kgBW/day and oral NAC administration 150 mg/kgBW/day), with all treatment were given for 30 days. Orchidectomy was performed on day 31 to collect semen sample for sperm analysis (motility, viability, and concentration). Results: There was a significant decrease in all parameters from N group compared to C group. Significant increase were found in sperm motility and viability parameters in the N-NAC treatment group compared to N group. While the sperm concentration parameters of the N-NAC group had a non-significant increase compared to N group. Conclusion: Exposure to nicotine inhalation decreased sperm motility, viability, and concentration of Sprague Dawley strain rats, and NAC had a protective effect on sperm of rats which was exposed to nicotine inhalation.
IATROGENIC URINARY TRACT TRAUMA IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGIC SURGERIES AT H. ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL MEDAN
Authors: Djufri Teguh Risesa , Warli Syah Mirsya 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Urinary tract iatrogenic trauma in abdominal or pelvic surgery may cause morbidity, mortality, or even medico-legal problems. The close embryonic, as well as anatomical relationship between urinary tract and genital organs, may be a predisposition for urinary tract trauma, especially ureter and bladder, in obstetrics and gynecology surgeries. This research aimed to evaluate the incidence of iatrogenic urinary tract trauma in obstetrics and gynecology surgeries. Material & Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective research. This research was conducted at Urology Division of Department of Surgery at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from February to June 2016. Total sampling method was used. Data were collected from medical records of patients who had iatrogenic urinary tract trauma due to obstetrics and gynecology surgeries at H. Adam Malik General Hospital from January 2011 to December 2015. Parameters that were evaluated included patient characteristics, the type of obstetrics and gynecology procedure that was conducted, the type of urinary tract trauma, and the type of urologic procedure conducted. Data were registered and analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 22. Results: There were 25 patients with 28 incidences of iatrogenic urinary tract trauma, which consisted of 12 iatrogenic ureteral trauma and 16 iatrogenic bladder trauma, out of all patients who underwent obstetrics and gynecologic surgeries at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from January 2011 to December 2016. The youngest patient was 19 years old, while the oldest patient was 78 years old. Mean age of patients was 46.48 years (SD ± 11.6). The age group with the most iatrogenic urinary tract trauma was between 26-45 years old, which consisted of 12 patients (48%). Gynecologic patients had the most iatrogenic urinary tract trauma, which was experienced by 23 patients (92%). The most common diagnosis was ovarian cancer. Hysterectomy was the most common procedure to cause iatrogenic urinary tract trauma, as was found in 23 patients (92%). All patients who were found with iatrogenic bladder trauma (15 patients; 60%) underwent bladder repair. Conclusion: Gynecologic procedure, especially hysterectomy, was the most common cause of iatrogenic urinary tract trauma. Bladder repair procedure was the most common procedure performed on patients who were found with iatrogenic urinary tract trauma.
THE RELATION OF HYPOSPADIAS TYPES, AGES, AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR URETHROCUTANEOUS FISTULA COMPLICATION IN CHILD HYPOSPADIAS CASES
Authors: Widjajana Desy Pratiwi , Wahyudi Septa Surya , Sutejo Ika Rahmwati 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To find correlation between hypospadias type, age, and surgical technique for urethrocutaneous fistula in child hypospadias cases. Material & Method: This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. It was conducted at Bina Sehat Jember Hospital, Paru Jember Hospital, and Bhayangkara Bondowoso Hospital. The research samples were hypospadias patients who had done hypospadias repair with susceptible age from 0 months until 16 years. Result: In this study, was found correlation between type of hypospadias with urethrocutaneous fistula (p=0.03 and r=0.43). And the other hand, this research did not find relationship between age at hypospadias surgery with urethrocutaneous fistula complication (p=0.34 and r=0.3). The results of this study indicate that the incidence of urethrocutanoeus fistula complications in the surgery using TIP technique was greater than Onlay Island Flap technique, but in this study, there was no association between hypospadias surgery technique used with complications of uretrocutanoeus fistula (p=0.3 and r=0.22). Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant relationship between hypospadias type with urethrocutaneous fistula complication with statistically moderate strength and positive correlation direction. This study did not show any significant relationship between age and hypospadias surgery technique with complications of urethrocutanoeous fistula.
THE INDONESIAN LINGUISTIC VALIDATION OF THE URETERAL STENT SYMPTOMS QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Tansol Christiano , Noegroho Bambang Sasongko , Safriadi Ferry , Sani Wildan 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To validate the Indonesian version of the ureteral stent symptoms questionnaire (USSQ) for patients with indwelling ureteral stents. Material & Methods: The Indonesian version of the USSQ was developed following a well-established multistep process by two urologists and two independent translators. A total of 38 patients with indwelling temporary unilateral ureteral stents completed the Indonesian USSQ. Patients completed questionnaires at 1 week after stent insertion and 1 week after stent removal. The reliability of the Indonesian version was evaluated for internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha test. Domain structures were examined by interdomain (section) associations using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r). Sensitivity to change of each domain was assessed using Wilcoxon test. Results: Urinary, pain, general health, work performance and additional problem showed good internal consistency whereas sexual problem and global quality of life displayed low consistency. There were strong correlations of urinary symptoms with body pain (r=0.633) and general health (r=0.686), moderate correlation with work performance. In addition there was also strong correlation between body pain and general health (r=0.723). Sensitivity to change were significant to all domain except sexual matters domain. (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Indonesian USSQ is reliable and can be utilize as a tool to investigate symptoms and to assess quality of life related issues due to ureteral stents in Indonesian patient.
FIVE YEARS CHARACTERISTIC OF KIDNEY TRAUMA IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN WEST JAVA FROM 2013-2017
Authors: Karim Ilhamul , Adi Kuncoro 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Globally, trauma is one of the leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Kidney is an organ that is often affected in trauma cases in urology. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of cases of kidney trauma treated in Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital, and used as part of the database of urogenital trauma in Indonesia. Material & Methods: The secondary data was derived from the medical records of patients with kidney trauma treated at Department of Urology in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung for 5 years period (January 2013 to August 2017), as many as 130 cases. Information used was patients’ gender, mechanism of trauma, grading of kidney trauma, associated injury, management, shock, and outcome after treatment. The data obtained was subsequently recapitulated and processed using a spreadsheet. Results: A total 20489 trauma cases admission in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, 477 cases (2.33%) were urogenital trauma, and 130 of which are cases of kidney trauma (0.63%). The majority of patients with kidney trauma are male (87.7%). Based on the mechanism of trauma, 80% of them were related to traffic accidents, especially in motorcycle traffic accidents, as well as the trauma mechanism of falling from a height (13%). There were 69 patients (53.1%) who had major kidney trauma, and 61 patients (46.9%) had minor kidney trauma; specifically, 42.3% grade I and 21.5% grade V kidney trauma. In general, kidney trauma patients experienced multiple trauma, only 19 cases (14.6%) had not associated injury. Most of patients (63%) did not experience shock, and 87.75% of patients survived after treatment. In the timespan of 5 years, 44 patients underwent McAnninch procedure. Conclusion: In Hasan Sadikin Hospital, most cases of kidney trauma were experienced by men, and were caused by blunt trauma in traffic accidents, especially on motorcyclists. Most patients with kidney trauma experienced multiple trauma.
COMPARISON OF BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS BETWEEN TURP AND OPEN PROSTATECTOMY IN PATIENT WITH BPH
Authors: Limantara Ancelia , Soebadi Doddy M , Pramesti MP Budyandini D , Rizaldi Fikri 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the enlargement of prostate glands. Two commonly used methods of BPH surgery in Indonesia are transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and open prostatectomy. International studies have shown both methods have bleeding complications, occurring in 7% in TURP and 22% in open prostatectomy. But, only few researches for bleeding during BPH surgery are done in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the difference in bleeding complications between TURP and open prostatectomy in Indonesia. Material & Methods: An observational study with cross-sectional design, using consecutive sampling from medical records of patients above 21 years old with BPH who came to Poli Urologi Soetomo Hospital in 2015–2016 for TURP or open prostatectomy. Data were analyzed using Fischer and Mann-Whitney. Results: Information was obtained from 62 patients, TURP was done in 49 patients (79.03%) and 13 patients (26.53%) in which had bleeding complication. Open prostatectomy was done in 13 patients (20.97%) and 6 patients (46.15%) in which had bleeding complications. Fischer test showed no significant difference in bleeding complications between TURP and open prostatectomy in patients with BPH (p=0.192), including patients with urine retention (p=0.451), without urine retention (p=0.249), age below 70 (p=0.140) and above 70 (p=1). Mann-Whitney test showed significant difference in bleeding complications volume between TURP and open prostatectomy (p=0.012). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in bleeding complications between TURP and open prostatectomy in patients with BPH. But, between TURP and open prostatectomy significant difference in bleeding volume was found.
THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF NICOTINE INHALATION TO THE COUNT OF SPERMATOGONIA, SERTOLI CELLS AND LEYDIG CELLS OF YOUNG WHITE RAT WISTAR STRAIN
Authors: Rizaldi Aril , Soebadi Doddy M , Soetojo Soetojo 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To analyze the difference in the number of spermatogonia, leydig cells and sertoli cells in young age of white mice Wistar strain after inhalation of chronic nicotine exposure. Material & Method: Laboratory experimental study with post test only control group design, measurement of spermatogonium, leydig cell, sertoli cell in 5 groups of young male Wistar strain, negative control group and treatment group given nicotine exposure 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days. Results: A significant reduction in spermatogonium was found in the group given nicotine 0.5 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.048), 1 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.002), 2 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.002) and 4 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.000) when compared to the control group. Significant decreases were also seen in the group receiving 4 mg of nicotine exposure compared with 0.5 mg (p=0.018). Significant decrease in sertoli cell count was seen only in the nicotine group of 4 mg/kgBW/day compared with the control group (p=0.047). A significant decrease in leydig cell count was found in the nicotine 2 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.037) and nicotine group 4 mg/kgBW/day (p=0.023) when compared with the control group. Significant decreases were also found in the 4 mg/kgBW/day group compared to the 0.5 mg/kgBW/day group (p=0.004). In this study there were also a decrease in the number of spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells in the increased dose of nicotine given although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of nicotine per inhalation may decrease the number of spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells. The higher the dose of nicotine given the greater the decrease in the number of spermatogonium cells, sertoli cells, and leydig cells that occur. This proves that nicotine is one of the causes of infertility in men.
EFFECT OF NIFEDIPINE ON APOPTOSIS, NECROSIS AND VIABILITY OF GERMINAL EPITHELIAL CELLS IN THE CONTRALATERAL TESTICLE AND PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN MALE WHITE RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS, WISTAR STRAIN) AFTER UNILATERAL TESTICULAR TORSION
Authors: Mardihusodo Hajid Rahmadianto , Rizaldi Fikri , Hakim Lukman 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To compare the number of apoptosis, necrosis and viability of germinal epithelial cells in the contralateral testicle (CT) and plasma testosterone (PT) levels in white male rats which administered Nifedipine after unilateral testicular torsion (TT) compared with control group. Material & Methods: This research was an experimental study using male white rats (Rattus Norvegicus, Wistar strain) aged 10-12 weeks and body weight 150-200 gram. A total of 30 rats were then randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) which were negative control group (KN), positive control group (KP1 and KP2) and Nifedipine-administered group (N1 and N2). Each group performed unilateral left side torsion of testicular of 1080o anticlockwise except the KN group. There was 4-hour ischemic duration in the KP1 and N1 groups while 10 hours in the KP2 and N2 groups. Administration of Nifedipine 30 minutes before detorsion by intraperitoneal injection dosed 100 μg/kgBW. All groups performed right orchidectomy and plasma blood sampling. Measurement of apoptosis, necrosis and viability of germinal epithelial cells in the CT using flowcytometry. Measurement of PT levels using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: The number of apoptosis, necrosis and viability of contralateral testicular germinal epithelial cells and PT levels in the KN group compared with KP1 and KP2 groups were significantly different (p<0.05). There was no significant discrepancy in apoptosis (p>0.05) in KP1 group compared with N1 group, as well as in KP2 group compared with N2 groups. The number of necrosis, viability of germinal epithelial cells in the CT and PT level in KP1 group in compared with N1 group, as well as in KP2 group in compared with N2 group were significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: Nifedipine administration prior to testicular detorsion can maintain cell viability and decrease the amount of necrotic germinal epithelial cells in the CT and prevent the decrease in PT levels after unilateral TT.
ROLE OF VITAMIN E (α TOCOPHEROL) TO PREVENT THE SPERMATOGONIA, SERTOLI CELL, AND LEYDIG CELL DAMAGE IN RATS TESTICLE (STRAIN WISTAR) AFTER CISPLATIN TREATMENT
Authors: Krismantoro Rahmad , Rizaldi Fikri , Soebadi Doddy M 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To determine the difference in spermatogonium cells, leydig cells and sertoli cells count in white rats testicle (wistar strains) obtained with the combination of cisplatin and vitamin E compared with that only received cisplatin. Material & Methods: There were 4 random groups out of a total of twenty four winstar strain rats (n=6). The control group (I) injected normal saline 0.9% intraperitoneally (i.p.) as the placebo on the 3rd week. Group (II) given cisplatin (5 mg/kgbw) injection i.p. on 3rd week, Group (III) given cisplatin injection 5 mg/kgbw i.p. on 3rd week + vitamin E 50 mg/kgbw by gavage for 7 weeks and group (IV) cisplatin injection 5mg/kgbw i.p. on 3rd week + vitamin E 200 mg/kgbw by gavage for 7 weeks. Vitamin E was given 3 weeks before up to 4 weeks after cisplatin injection (total 7 weeks). Observations by calculating the average number of spermatogonia, sertoli and leydig cells on a cross-sectional section of the seminiferous tubule with Haematoxylin-Eosin staining using a 400x light magnification microscope. Results: Cisplatin decreases spermatogonia, sertoli, and leydig cells significantly against control. Vitamin E 200 mg/kgbw significantly increased the number of spermatogonium, sertoli, and leydig cells (p<0.05) compared to group in combination with vitamin E 50 mg/kg bw and cisplatin or cisplatin only group. Only leydig cells count was significantly increased in the combination group of vitamin E 50 mg/kgbw and cisplatin compared to the cisplatin group. Conclusion: Vitamin E 200 mg/kgbw provides a protective effect against decreased spermatogonia, sertoli and leydig cells due to cisplatin 5 mg/kgbw exposure which its protectivity depends on the given dose.
PENANAMAN NILAI KARAKTER GEMAR MEMBACA BERBASIS PEMBIASAAN DAN KETELADANAN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBAHASA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Ika Febriandari Efi 
Published: August 2019

Advantage the article has the purpose of describing how to instill reading like the charater of an avid reader and habituation which have impact on children's language skills. Based on the literature reviews show that the elementary school children's reading interest is very low. It is influenced by the lack of awareness in reading importance of reading and external support such as the direction and guidance of parents and teachers, the availability of reading material, and the attractiveness of available books. For this reason, there is something that it takes for habituation and exemplary efforts that are made both from the awareness of oneself, family, teachers and the surrounding environment so that children are accustomed to reading books and make children to enjoy reading books which in turn can increase language skills in children. Habitual and exemplary methods are effective ways to instill the character of reading fondness. The more someone likes to read, the more knowledge is gained. To inculcate the reading fondness character values, it takes habituation and example to realize the culture of fond reading. The fond reading character is a form of language skills development. The more skilled a person in language, the more brilliant, and clearer the way he/she thinks because their processes reading there is a process of critical thinking.
A comparative study of Faine’s criteria, modified Faine’s criteria, and microscopic serum agglutination test to diagnose the leptospirosis
Authors: Balakrishnan Parthiban , Padmanabhan Ramkumar , Pasupathy Sekar , Sankaranarayanan Balasubramanian 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infectious disease globally, caused by spirochetes from the genus Leptospira. The usefulness of Faine’s criteria and modified WHO Faine’s criteria 2012 for diagnosing human leptospirosis has turned out to be a valuable tool; however, limited studies have demonstrated the usefulness of these diagnostic methods in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the performance characters of Faine’s and modified Faine’s criteria in diagnosing pediatric leptospirosis. Methods:This descriptive prospective observational study was done over a period of 2 years on children from 1 year to 12 years of age hospitalized for fever of more than 7 days duration with symptoms and signs suggestive of leptospirosis. Faine’s and modified Faine’s criteria were used in the diagnosis of leptospirosis, and the entire study population was tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results: A total of 91 children were included in the present study with the mean age of 5.4±1.41 years; out of which, 57 were boys and 34 weregirls. All had a fever of >39°C with myalgia (76%) and headache (69%). History of contact with the contaminated environment was present in 79% cases and 53% of cases had contact with animals. Out of 23 children diagnosed with leptospirosis using Faine’s criteria, 2 were MAT positive. Out of 68 children, who were not diagnosed with Faine’s criteria, 52 were MAT negative. Thirty-nine children were diagnosed by modified Faine’s criteria and 17 of them were MAT positive. Fifty-two children ruled out leptospirosis using modified Faine’s criteria; out of which, 51 children were MAT negative which was statistically significant. The sensitivity of 94.4% and specificity of 69.9% of modified Faine’s criteria to diagnosis leptospirosis were significantly higher than the sensitivity of 11.1% and specificity of 71.2% of Faine’s criteria. Conclusion: The modified Faine’s criteria potentially provide a better alternative to Faine’s criteria in the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Modified Faine’s criteria can be very useful to diagnose leptospirosis in the resource-poor settings where the gold standard tests to diagnose leptospirosis such as culture and MAT are not available.
Clinicopathological profile of children evaluated for suspected tuberculosis in a rural medical college hospital
Authors: Kalyanaraman Padma , S Sumathi 
Published: August 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem all over the world and India accounts for nearly one-third of the world TB burden. Pediatric TB has been estimated to account for approximately 20–40% of the cases in India. However, the diagnosis of childhood TB remains a challenge and is a major cause of concern in the eradication of TB. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the various clinical features and laboratory parameters in children suspected to have TB and to find out the most useful parameter to diagnose TB in children. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a rural medical college hospital during the year 2017. Children up to the age of 14 years with a clinical diagnosis of suspicious TB were included in the study and the confirmation of TB was evaluated. All demographic data, contact history, symptoms, clinical findings, and laboratory parameters were retrieved from the medical records department and analyzed. Results: A total of 102 children were included in the present study and the predominant age group affected was between 5 and 10 years (30.4%) with male predominance (55%). The predominant clinical presentation was cervical lymphadenopathy (n=46; 45%) followed by contact history of contact with TB (n=34; 33.3%). Among the investigations, Mantoux positivity was observed in six cases, granulomatous lymphadenitis in 10 cases, and one pleural fluid analysis showed evidence of TB. Of 102 cases, 14 cases were confirmed as TB and one as latent TB infection (LTBI). Among the confirmed cases, cytological study was useful for confirming TB in 71.4% of cases, Mantoux positivity for five cases of TB (35.7%), and one case of LTBI. Conclusion: Cervical adenitis and contact history were common among suspected TB children and lymph node cytological study followed by Mantoux test was the useful parameters for confirming TB.