bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Proper Motion of the High Galactic Latitude Pulsar Calvera
Authors: Rigoselli M. , Mereghetti S. , Halpern J. P. , Gotthelf E. V. , Bassa C. G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Calvera (1RXS J141256.0+792204) is a pulsar of characteristic age 285 kyr at a high Galactic latitude of b = +37°, detected only in soft thermal X-rays. We measure a new and precise proper motion for Calvera using Chandra High Resolution Camera observations obtained 10 yr apart. We also derive a new phase-connected ephemeris using 6 yr of NICER data, including the astrometric position and proper motion as fixed parameters in the timing solution. Calvera is located near the center of a faint, circular radio ring that was recently discovered by LOFAR and confirmed as a supernova remnant (SNR) by the detection of γ-ray emission with Fermi Large Area Telescope. The proper motion of 78.5 ± 2.9 mas yr−1 at position angle 241.°3 ± 2.°2 (in Galactic coordinates) points away from the center of the ring, a result which differs markedly from a previous low-significance measurement, and greatly simplifies the interpretation of the SNR/pulsar association. It argues that the supernova indeed birthed Calvera <10 kyr ago, with an initial spin period close to its present value of 59 ms. The tangential velocity of the pulsar depends on its uncertain distance, v

t
= (372 ± 14)d
1 kpc km s−1, but is probably dominated by the supernova kick, while its progenitor could have been a runaway O or B star from the Galactic disk.
Les états généraux de France de 1468 et 1484
Authors: Bulst Neithard 
Published: November 2024

La thèse de Neithard Bulst sur les états généraux réunis à Tours par Louis XI, en avril 1468, et ceux, réunis par les Beaujeu en janvier-mars 1484 a profondément renouvelé l’histoire des institutions à caractère représentatif en France. Grâce à un travail archivistique minutieux sur des sources départementales, municipales, voire privées, dispersées et inédites, ce livre offre pour la première fois une liste fiable des délégués des deux assemblées, comblant ainsi les lacunes de ceux connus par le seul Journal des États de Masselin de 1484. La méthode prosopographique mise en œuvre donne une vision neuve du profil des délégués en mettant en évidence leur enracinement familial, professionnel et social, sans perdre de vue les membres les plus influents de chaque région. Pour chaque élection, scrutant la procédure, ce livre analyse les liens de clientélisme, de patronage, de partenariat ou de protection qui structurent les sociétés locales, donnant ainsi à voir une sorte de bastard feudalism à la française. En privilégiant une approche sociale plutôt qu’institutionnelle et corporatiste, cet ouvrage révèle l’importance des représentants du tiers état, mais aussi la place des officiers royaux, favorisée par le changement de procédure électorale en 1484 (manœuvre habile et réussie des Beaujeu pour neutraliser les clientèles des princes).Au-delà des assemblées représentatives, ce livre questionne le concept de « représentation » dans sa définition médiévale et éclaire sous un aspect plus large les problèmes économiques, sociaux et politiques de la société française de la deuxième moitié du XVe siècle.
Mixed infection of Nocardia farcinica and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in an immunocompromised patient: A case report
Authors: Thakar Vrushali Harsh , Jadhav Prajakta , Babu Aishwarya , Kumar Mahadevan , Mane Abhijeet Kantilal 
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Nocardia is a soil saprophyte, which can cause disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve prognosis.

Patient concern:
A 26-year-old male presented with repeated episodes of fever, cough and breathlessness for 3 months.

Diagnosis:
Mixed infection of Nocardia (N.) farcinica and N. cyriacigeorgica with diabetes and Cushing’s syndrome.

Interventions:

N. cyriacigeorgica was isolated from empyema fluid and N. farcinica from blood. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility, he was treated with imipenem, cotrimoxazole and amikacin.

Outcome:
Patient expired due to infection and delayed diagnosis.

Lesson:
Several cases of infection due to N. farcinica or N. cyriacigeorgica have been reported. But mixed infection caused by these two species is rare. Pulmonary and disseminated nocardiosis is associated with high mortality, especially in immunocompromised hosts. So early diagnosis and prompt treatment is needed.
Risk factors and etiologies of corneal conditions causing visual impairment at cornea subspecialty clinics, Cairo University Hospitals
Authors: El-Mayah Esraa , Zein Marwa M. , El Gharbawy Shahenda A. , Albalkini Ahmed S. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the most common risk factors and etiologies of corneal diseases associated with more profound visual impairment.

Patients and methods
This is an observational, cross-sectional retrospective study that enrolled 276 patients who were examined at the Cornea Subspecialty Clinics, Kasr Alainy School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt from January 2018 to August 2023. The review of the patients’ records included history, full ophthalmological examination, diagnosis, and management. The visual impairment grades were categorized according to WHO guidelines and recommendations.

Results
Out of the 276 patients evaluated, 100 (32.5%) patients had infectious keratitis, the most common of which was bacterial keratitis (14.1%) while 176 (67.5%) patients had noninfectious corneal diseases, with keratoconus affecting 78 (28.3%) patients. Being aged 40 years or more and rural residence increased the likelihood of severe visual impairment to blindness due to corneal conditions by 8.325 and 2.365 folds, respectively. Corneal decompensation after surgery and bacterial infection were found to be more associated with severe visual impairment (crude odds ratio=27.5 and 22, respectively).

Conclusion
Older age, rural residence, bacterial infection, and postoperative corneal decompensation were associated with worse visual impairment. Targeted health promotion strategies could help in prevention of corneal blindness.
Tooth fragment reattachment using cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and flowable composite: An in vitro study
Authors: Kaur Gurmeen , Shetty Chitharanjan , Saji Shalin Ann , Bajpe Sunheri , Prabha Chandra , Shroff Rashi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Crown fractures in anterior teeth represent 18%–22% of dental hard tissue injuries. Immediate reattachment of the fragment using composite resin is the preferred treatment option. However, the reattached fragments are prone to fracture. The use of topical cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive has been reported for managing painful fractured molar teeth and maxillary incisors. Rural population of India does not have access to basic health care; hence, over-the-counter availability of cyanoacrylate may prove beneficial for reattaching the tooth fragment until a patient receives professional care. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the methods of fractured fragment reattachment using isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and flowable composite.

Methods:
Eighty intact human permanent maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). Except for the control Group D, other teeth were cut through the middle third of the crown horizontally. Fragments were reattached using flowable composite in Group A, cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive in Group B, and in Group C fragments were attached using cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, and filling flowable composite circumferentially in chamfer placed along the fracture line. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine by applying load to each tooth perpendicular to the line of reattachment from labial to lingual direction. The force required to fracture the tooth was recorded in Newtons, and data were statistically analyzed.

Results:
The highest fracture resistance was exhibited by Group D, followed by Group A, Group C, and Group B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between Groups A and C.

Conclusion:
Composite remains most efficacious in reattaching fractured fragments to the tooth. However, the use of isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate followed by composite restoration in chamfer offers comparable bonding. The experimental over-the-counter available isoamyl 2-cyanoacrylate may be useful for reattaching uncomplicated fractured teeth when emergency dental care is inaccessible, and needs to be clinically and esthetically evaluated by a professional. However, this in vitro experiment needs to be evaluated clinically for long-term bond strength and under various intraoral forces.
Ceftazidime–avibactam for the Treatment of Intra-abdominal Sepsis and Urosepsis: A Retrospective Hospital-based Study in India
Authors: Sathe Prachee , Lele Chitra , Chandra Simran , Jadhav Tatyasaheb , Makwana Durgesh , Bhalerao Devidas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
In India, microbial susceptibility to antibiotics has been gradually decreasing, thus making treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections challenging. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of ceftazidime–avibactam in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis or urosepsis.

Methods:
This hospital-based, single-center retrospective study was conducted between April 2020 and March 2022 using data from inpatient records. Outcomes included inpatient mortality, clinical success/failure, and microbiological cure/failure measured on day 14/end of treatment, length of hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, treatment and infection characteristics, recurrence within 30 days, and healthcare resource utilization. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results:
Data from 46 patients (mean age = 65.2 ± 14.5 years, 73.9% male) were included. Ceftazidime–avibactam treatment was initiated within 5 days of hospitalization in 51.2% of patients. The median (range) duration of treatment was 8 (1, 20) days, and the average daily dose was 4.6 g. Inpatient and 30-day all-cause mortality rates were 41.5% and 17.1%, respectively. We observed clinical success, defined a priori, by day 14 in 58.5% of patients and microbiological cure in 61.3%. Most patients (97.0%) did not have recurrent infections. The median (range) length of hospitalization and ICU admission was 15.5 (3, 63) days and 11 (2, 63) days, respectively. Most patients (85.7%) utilized various healthcare resources during hospitalization.

Conclusion:
Among patients with available data, most showed clinical success (58.5%) and microbiological cure (61.3%) within 14 days of treatment initiation with ceftazidime–avibactam, with nearly no recurrence of infection, indicating treatment effectiveness in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis or urosepsis in an Indian hospital setting.
A Study to Assess the Effects of Intercostobrachial Nerve Block in the Management of Post-mastectomy Pain
Authors: Mukherjee Sagnik , Mandal Pankaj Kumar , Dasgupta Partha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Mastectomy can lead to post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS). The present study was planned to investigate the effectiveness of intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) blockade in the alleviation and improvement of pain intensity and upper arm mobility.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was an observational descriptive study with a prospective longitudinal design conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, over a period of 18 months. All consenting patients of breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy and presented with PMPS were included in the study. The calculated sample size was 34. After the ICBN block procedure, the pain and upper arm mobility of the patients were measured using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and QuickDASH (QD) scale at 1, 4, and 12 weeks and compared with baseline scores.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 48 ± 9.2 years. Of the women, 23.5% were overweight. The mean body mass index of the study participants was 23 ± 2.6 kg/m2. Most participants in the present study had a per capita monthly income of <INR 11,595. The mean duration of PMPS amongst the participants was found to be 8.6 ± 2.9 months. The mean NRS score at baseline was 7.8 ± 0.9. The mean QD score was observed to be 49.9 ± 12.9 at presentation. After the ICBN block was performed, on subsequent measurements at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks, it was observed that there was a significant lowering of both pain (mean ± standard deviation [SD] NRS score 3.1 ± 1.1, 2.3 ± 0.7, and 2 ± 0.7), and improvement of upper limb mobility (mean ± SD QD score 25 ± 12.9, 6.4 ± 4.6, and 6.4 ± 4.6). On comparing the pain scores over time, it was observed that there was a statistically significant lowering of the NRS score from baseline till 12 weeks. The same was observed for QD scores.

Conclusions:
ICBN blockade is an important modality of pain control and quality of life improvement in patients suffering from PMPS in their post-operative period.
The Role of Orthodontic Appliances in Alleviating Temporomandibular Joint Disorders - An Overview
Authors: Ponnukumar Akash , Sakthivel Preethika , Ammayappan Pavithranand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mandibular joint is a condyloid synovial joint, that is formed between the head of the mandible and the petrous temporal bone. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) occur in roughly one out of four people; they are degenerative musculoskeletal diseases that cause morphological and functional alterations, characterized by pain, restricted mouth opening, and clicking sounds. Basically, the causes of TMD are genetic predisposition, trauma, arthritis, and dental malocclusion. TMD is rooted in early Egypt manual therapy, Hippocrates, and early surgeons such as Annandale, Lanz, Pringle, and Wakeley. The National Institutes of Health sponsored an international workshop in 1994 to initiate the research and nevertheless consensus of TMD. The American Academy of Orofacial Pain has divided TMD into muscle TMD or myogenous and joint TMD or arthrogenous TMD. Studies are in agreement that orthodontic treatment may help in alleviating TMD. The systematic review showed that patients undergoing orthodontic treatment reported a decrease in their TMD symptoms and headaches. TMD treatment is generally carried out in two stages: Phase I, intraoral orthopedic appliances, phase II, occlusal adjustment, or further large case procedures. They include splints that are commonly used but produce negative effects whenever the splints are designed wrongly or used for an unusually long time. Fixed removable appliances such as stabilization and anterior positioning appliances are applied in treating TMD. Stabilization appliances deal primarily with muscle pain and parafunctional activities, while anterior positioning appliances are useful in cases of disc derangement disorders, they aid in the proper positioning of the condyle and disc. Their usage needs specific criteria to be fulfilled for them to be effective. Although there is continuing controversy and uncertainty about certain aspects of the results of studies for now, oral appliances belong to the most conservative type of TMD therapy. They afford relief from the symptoms and are akin to orthopedic braces without aiming at creating new occlusal erections. Further studies are required to provide more accreditation on treatment regimens and patients’ conditions.
Nutritional Care: Nurses’ Critical Role in Improving Patient Outcomes
Authors: Gomathi B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nutrition is an essential component of general health and well-being. In the clinical environment, the multidisciplinary team plays a fundamental role in meeting patients’ nutritional requirements. Of these professionals, nurses hold a great position because they are continually present at the bedside with the patient, directly engage with the patients, and spend hours interacting with them. This review discusses nurses’ critical roles in assessing, intervening, and monitoring nutrition care and provides examples of best practices. For instance, nurses are the first to clinically identify patients’ nutrition problems. A wide range of assessment tools and methods is used when a nurse assesses a patient’s nutritional status. While doing a routine assessment of the patient’s vital signs, a nurse may notice changes in weight and diet that may indicate some malnutrition. Nurses can systematically identify those at risk of malnutrition and intervene early by implementing standardized nutrition screening tools such as the subjective global assessment or the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.

Interventions:
Once a nutrition diagnosis is identified, nurses work with other physicians and registered dietitians to develop an evidence-based intervention plan. For example, a nurse may support the delivery of enteral or parenteral nutrition by ensuring that required equipment, such as nasogastric tubes or peripherally inserted central catheters, is used correctly. Nurses may support intervention by changing the texture of food, modifying the presentation for meals, or teaching patients how to eat.

Monitoring Nutrition Outcomes:
There is a need to monitor the outcomes of nutrition interventions that have been implemented so that a patient can attain optimal nutrition outcomes. This involves monitoring food intake, laboratory results, and weight gains/losses and adjusting care plans appropriately. The laboratory values may include hemoglobin or serum proteins. A few best practices can help nurses better work on nutritional care concerns. Some of them include establishing and implementing standardized protocols for nutrition screening and continuous education in conducting nutrition assessments and interventions. Increasing the availability of resources such as registered dietitians in hospitals will ensure that patients have comprehensive nutritional care plans suited to their special needs.
A simple, economical, and high-yield method for polyethylene glycol-based extraction of follicular and serum-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Khine Aye Aye , Chen Pao-Chu , Chen Ying-Hsi , Chu Sung-Chao , Chen Yu-Shuan , Huang Hsuan-Shun , Chu Tang-Yuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The optimization of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based extracellular vesicles (EVs) extraction from human follicular fluid (FF) and serum was investigated, and their functional analysis was confirmed. The PEG-based EV results were compared to the ExoQuick (ExoQ)-based EV.

Materials and Methods:
FF-EVs and serum-EVs were extracted by using different concentrations of PEG (8000). Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to count the particles, and electron microscopy of EVs was performed for visualization. Exosomes were confirmed by the western blot analysis with exosome-specific markers. RNA and microRNA were extracted from exosomes and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed. Fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells were used for the EV uptake experiment and an anchorage-independent growth test to confirm that extracted EVs harbor transformation activity.

Results:
The PEG 8% enriched method produced the highest yield and the lowest carry-over protein. Salt containing PEG 8% produced a higher yield than nonsalted PEG 8%. Overnight enrichment increased four times and 18 times for PEG 8% and ExoQ-based EV extraction from FF. For serum EV, the same overnight enrichment moderately increased yield for both PEG 8% and ExoQ methods. Less carry-over protein resulted in more EV-promoted transformation activity.

Conclusion:
This study overcomes the time-consuming, expensive, laborious, and complicated machine-dependent EV extraction methods. The study highlights that longer incubation time is needed for EV extraction from FF. PEG 8000-based EV extraction provided a higher yield and less carry-over protein than ExoQ-based EV extraction.
Documenting Trends in Malaria Data Reporting Accuracy Using Routine Data Quality Audits in Zambia, 2015–2022
Authors: Das Smita , Roca Feltrer Arantxa , Rutagwera Marie-Reine I. , Lungu Christopher , Malama Prudence , Monde Mathews , Banda Ignatius , Ingwe Mercy M. , Hamainza Busiku , Bennett Adam , Hainsworth Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT.
Since 2015, the Zambia National Malaria Elimination Centre has conducted routine data quality audits in Central, Southern, and Western provinces, but trends in data reporting accuracy have not been examined. Routine data quality audit data collected at health facilities reporting into the monthly health management information system (HMIS) and weekly malaria rapid reporting system (MRRS) were used to measure data reporting accuracy trends from 2015 to 2022 and potential influencing factors using three data elements: outpatient department attendance and rapid diagnostic test (RDT)-tested cases for HMIS and MRRS, total confirmed cases for HMIS only, and RDT-positive cases for MRRS only. Reporting accuracies for HMIS and MRRS data elements and the percentage of facilities reporting with high accuracy (≥85%) improved over this period. Low-accuracy (<70%) health facilities were uncommon, accounting for less than 15% of facilities for HMIS and MRRS. With each successive DQA visit, the proportion of facilities with high accuracy increased from visits 1 to 8: 23% to 56% (HMIS) and 42% to 85% (MRRS). No correlation was observed between facility size or incidence and overall accuracy for HMIS and MRRS. Starting in 2017, about 40–50% of health facilities appeared to be overreporting incidence in comparison with their register-based incidence. The risk stratification determined by register-based and reported incidences matched in more than 70% of facilities. Routine data quality audits conducted between 2015 and 2022 in Central, Southern, and Western provinces showed an improvement in malaria data reporting accuracy.
Pancreatic volume change using three dimensional-computed tomography volumetry and its relationships with diabetes on long-term follow-up in autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Shimada Ryuichi , Yamada Yasunari , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Murakami Kazunari , Motomura Mitsuteru , Takaki Hajime , Fukuzawa Kengo , Asayama Yoshiki 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Several studies found that early pancreatic atrophy detected by computed tomography (CT) within 6 months was associated with a high incidence of diabetes in patients with type-1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) receiving steroid therapy; however, no long-term follow-up studies have been performed.
AIM
To investigate pancreatic volume (PV) changes using three dimensional (3D)-CT volumetry and their relationship with IgG4 and diabetes in patients with AIP.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 33 patients with type-1 AIP receiving steroid therapy. Patients were divided into diffuse (D-type) and mass-forming type (M-type) AIP. PV was determined by semi-automated 3D-CT volumetry, and changes between initial and follow-up values were calculated. The relationship between PV and serum IgG4 levels was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation. The PV atrophy ratio compared with the presumed normal PV at the time of last follow-up CT and its relationship with diabetes were investigated.
RESULTS
There were 16 D-type and 17 M-type patients with long-term follow-up (mean, 95.8 months). The regression curve of mean relative PV change reduced exponentially and rapidly during the first 25 months and then more slowly in both groups. The overall cumulative pancreas re-enlargement rates at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years were 6.1%, 12.2%, 29.2%, 47.5% and 55.0%, respectively. There was a moderate-to-very strong positive correlation (ρ ≥ 0.4) between PV and serum IgG4 levels in nine (9/13, 69.2%) patients. All 33 patients showed pancreatic atrophy (mean 59.3%) after long-term follow-up. Patients with D-type AIP had a significantly higher atrophy rate and higher incidence of diabetes than M-type patients (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
PV change initially reduced exponentially and then more slowly and is considered an important factor associated with diabetes. Serum IgG4 levels were positively correlated with PV during follow-up.