bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape of Consensus-Based Entity-Endorsed Perioperative Quality Measures
Authors: Harris Alex H.S. , Davis-Lopez Kristen , Schmidt Eric , Nieser Kenneth , Massarweh Nader N. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Healthcare quality measures have a central role in monitoring and incentivizing the quality of surgical care. Payors and other stakeholders rely on consensus-based entities (CBEs) for the rigorous, independent evaluation and endorsement of quality measures. The aim of this study is to catalog current CBE-endorsed, surgery-related quality measures and to assess measure characteristics, gaps, and redundancies to inform prioritization of measure development efforts.

Methods:
The National Quality Forum Quality Positioning System and Battelle Partnership for Quality Measurement were reviewed to identify CBE-endorsed quality measures related to perioperative care. Identified measures were characterized in terms of their type (eg, structure, process and outcome), quality domain (eg, effectiveness and efficiency), focus (eg, complications, cost and improvement in functioning), and perioperative specialty (eg, general surgery and anesthesia).

Results:
A total of 172 perioperative measures were identified, of which 79 were currently CBE-endorsed and 93 were previously endorsed. Among currently endorsed measures, 43 (54%) were clinical outcomes measures (eg, mortality and/or complications, readmissions), 8 (10%) were patient-reported outcomes measures, 20 (26%) were process measures, 4 (5%) were cost measures, and 4 (5%) were measures of structure. Measures specific to cardiothoracic (n = 40) and orthopedic (n = 11) surgery were the most common while 12 measures were relevant to multiple specialties.

Conclusions:
Despite the large number of surgery-related quality measures, most are concentrated on a small sample of quality domains for a few surgical specialties. Fewer measures are focused on patient-reported outcomes or experiences, low-value care (eg, unnecessary testing or imaging), healthcare structures, or processes that may lead to better outcomes.
Impact of Skin Tone on Skin Tolerance to Shear in the Context of Pressure Injuries: Theory and Computer Modeling
Authors: Katz Tomer , Gefen Amit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of darker skin tones on skin tolerance to shear forces in the context of pressure injuries (PIs) and explore the mechanobiological hypothesis that people with darker skin may be at an increased PI risk due to altered biomechanical skin properties resulting from a lower water content (WC) as some literature suggests.

METHODS
The authors developed a computational modeling framework simulating skin with varying Poisson ratios to represent different WC levels in the stratum corneum (SC), focusing on the effects of ethnicity and WC on mechanical stresses in superficial skin during weightbearing postures. Mechanical properties of the tissues were based on literature values. Pure compression and compression with shear were applied to the skin model.

RESULTS
A lower Poisson ratio in the SC, indicating lower WC, is associated with higher tissue stresses and more intense stress concentrations, especially under combined compression and shear loading. The initial reduction in the Poisson ratio had the most significant impact on increased tissue loading. These results support the hypothesis that the lower WC in darker skin, associated with increased transepidermal water loss, may lead to altered biomechanical behavior and increased PI risk.

CONCLUSIONS
The modeling suggests that reduced WC and increased transepidermal water loss, notably present in darker skin tones, lead to higher stress concentrations within the SC, thus elevating the PI risk. Comprehensive clinical and biomechanical data across various skin tones are needed to improve the practice of PI prevention in individuals with darker skin.
Incidence of Multiple Revision Cervical Surgeries After Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Durand Wesley M. , Hoveidaei Amir Human , Raad Micheal , Khanna Rajan , Jain Amit 
Published: February 2025

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis using the MarketScan private insurance database from 2010-2020.

Objective.
Determine the incidence of multiple revision cervical surgeries at 5 years following primary, single-level ACDF and assess the risk of subsequent revisions after the first and second surgeries.

Summary of Background Data.
The rate of revision surgery after ACDF is well-documented, but data on multiple revision surgeries is limited.

Methods.
Adult patients ≤65 years undergoing primary, single-level ACDF were identified. Patients with infectious, traumatic, or neoplastic etiologies were excluded. The primary endpoint was any revision cervical surgery with follow-up ending at 5 years. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were used, adjusting for sex, age, CCI, and region.

Results.
A total of 42,845 patients undergoing primary, single-level ACDF (P) were included, with a mean age of 48.9 years (SD 9.0); 52.8% were female. The “first revision” (R1) group included 2,374 patients, and the “second revision” (R2) group had 195 patients. The mean revision-free follow-up was significantly different across the P, R1, and R2 groups, though with small absolute differences (P 2.2 years, R1 2.0 years, R2 2.0 years; P<0.0001). At 5-years post-operatively, the incidence of revision surgery was 10.8% after primary surgery, 24.1% after one revision, and 42.5% after two revisions. In multivariable Cox regression, the risk of subsequent revision surgery was significantly higher after one revision (HR 1.6 vs. primary, P<0.0001) and even more so after two revisions (HR 2.6 vs. primary, P<0.0001). Interval hazard analysis showed a significantly higher incidence of revision from 2-5 years with each subsequent revision (all P<0.05).

Conclusion.
After primary ACDF in patients <65 years, approximately 10% underwent revision at 5 years post-operatively. The occurrence of subsequent revision surgery was higher; >20% after one revision, and >40% after two revisions, which is critical for patient decision-making.

Level of Evidence.
III
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease at a US Children’s Hospital in the SARS-CoV-2 Era
Authors: McNeil J. Chase , McDonald David R. , Dunn James J. , Kaplan Sheldon L. , Hulten Kristina G. , Vallejo Jesus G. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
National data previously demonstrated an increase in invasive disease due to non-type b Haemophilus influenzae from the 2000s to the 2010s. Significant shifts in the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in children have occurred in the post-SARS-CoV-2 era. We examined pediatric invasive H. influenzae disease in the pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 years.

Methods:
Invasive H. influenzae infections were identified from culture records of the Texas Children’s Hospital microbiology laboratory from January 2011 to December 2023. Invasive cases were considered those with isolation of H. influenzae from a sterile site. The annual number of cases/1000 admissions was used as a surrogate for incidence.

Results:
One hundred twenty-four cases of invasive disease were identified. The median age was 1.9 years, and 57% had pre-existing comorbidities. The most common diagnosis was bacteremia without a focus (50%), followed by pneumonia (27%). An increase in invasive disease occurred from 2011 to 2019 (P < 0.001) followed by a decline from 2020 to 2021 (P = 0.04) and a subsequent resurgence (P < 0.001). Bacteremia declined in 2020 followed by an increase in 2022 (P = 0.003); 50% of pneumonia cases occurred in the final 2 study years. The most common strain types were nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi, 52.4%), type a (17.5%) and type f (15.9%). NTHi declined in 2020 followed by a peak in 2022, exceeding prepandemic rates (P = 0.001). Respiratory viruses were codetected in 52.9% of those tested.

Conclusions:
The frequency of pediatric invasive H. influenzae has undergone change throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Recent increases in disease activity are driven by NTHi presenting as bacteremia and pneumonia. Given the high burden of disease, these trends should continue to be monitored.
Brain Findings in Deceased COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Shergill Armaan , Omalu Bennet , Conner Peter , Wilson Machelle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As COVID-19 continues to infect millions of people globally, it is essential to understand how SARS-CoV-2 affects the brain. The purpose of this study is to determine if there are any associations or patterns of gross and microscopic neuropathological autopsy findings in the brains of patients who died from COVID-19. We analyzed 32 autopsy cases that met 3 requirements: (1) positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 test at autopsy; (2) pulmonary histological features of SARS-CoV-2; (3) complete autopsies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023. We accounted for the presence of the following gross and microscopic neuropathological findings: cerebral edema (CE), cerebral cortical atrophy (CCA), chronic cerebrovascular disease (CCD), cerebral ischemic injury (CII), cerebral inflammation (CIN), and/or cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage (CPH) in every case. We found that CE, CCA, and CII diagnoses had a statistically significant association with age. There were no distinctive or recurrent neuropathological alterations in the autopsied brains that may be interpreted to be pathognomonic of SARS-CoV-2 infection in our cohort. These findings may suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is not associated with any distinct histomorphologic abnormalities that are diagnostic of COVID-19 in the brains of autopsied patients.
Outcomes of Pediatric Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Using Dual-Lumen or Multisite Cannulation: Extracorporeal Life Support Database Study, 2000–2019
Authors: Barreto Jessica A. , Qu Pingping , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , McGuire John K. , Brogan Thomas V. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
In children reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry, to compare mortality, the need for additional cannulas, and complications associated with dual-lumen (DL) or multisite cannulation for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Design:
Multicenter retrospective study using the ELSO registry.

Setting:
Centers reporting to ELSO between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019.

Patients:
Children 28 days to 18 years old supported with venovenous ECMO.

Interventions:
We performed univariate and multivariable regression analyses to determine the association between venovenous ECMO cannulation strategy and in-hospital mortality, ECMO duration, and need for additional cannulas. We also compared the frequency of venovenous ECMO complications using univariate analysis.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified a cohort of 2034 patients, of whom 1441 (71%) were supported with DL. Support with DL, as opposed to multisite cannulation, was associated with median (interquartile range) of younger age (23 mo [6–89 mo] vs. 147 mo [64–189 mo]; p < 0.001). We failed to identify an association between in-hospital mortality and whether DL or multisite cannulation had been used (393/1441 [27%] vs. 184/593 [31%]); unadjusted and adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of death using DL as the reference group of 1.1 (95% CI, 0.7–1.9; p = 0.70). The other analyses failed to identify an association between cannulation type, ECMO duration, and the use of additional cannulas. ECMO complications were similar except for more frequent neurologic determination of death in the multisite group.

Conclusions:
In the 2000–2019 ELSO pediatric dataset, we failed to identify an association between venovenous ECMO cannulation type—DL or multisite—and greater aRR of ECMO outcomes.
Impact of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Rituximab for Prevention of Idiopathic Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Recurrence Post–Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Yun Allison N. , Rogers Alex W. , Krisl Jill C. , Kagan Anna , Adrogue Horacio E. , Khan Abdul J. , Khairallah Pascale , Yi Stephanie G. , Hobeika Mark J. , Gaber Lillian , Truong Luan , Podder Hemangshu , Gaber Ahmed O. , Knight Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

Background.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recurs after kidney transplantation (KT) in 30%–50% of recipients. Recurrence is associated with early graft loss in up to 60% of cases. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) combined with rituximab (RTX) in preventing early FSGS recurrence within 1 y post-KT.

Methods.
This single-center, retrospective cohort study included patients receiving KT for idiopathic FSGS between June 2013 and August 2021. In May 2016, a preventative FSGS protocol was implemented where KT recipients with idiopathic FSGS received perioperative sessions of TPE followed by a dose of RTX with or without IVIG. The incidence of recurrent FSGS within the first year posttransplantation was assessed between the FSGS protocol cohort versus the historical group of patients who did not undergo prophylactic treatment.

Results.
A total of 65 patients received KT for idiopathic FSGS during the study period. Forty patients were included in the FSGS protocol cohort and 25 in the control cohort. When assessing clinical recurrence with proteinuria, there were significantly fewer cases in the FSGS protocol cohort versus the control cohort, 1 versus 5 patients (3% versus 20%, P = 0.03). There were no instances of death-censored graft loss at 1 y in the protocol cohort versus 2 cases in the control cohort (0% versus 8%, P = 0.14).

Conclusions.
TPE combined with RTX may prevent early FSGS recurrence without significant rates of infection.
Discovering the corky bark ofEucalyptus subereafrom anatomical and chemical perspectives
Authors: Gominho Jorge , Lourenço Ana , Patrício Helena , Quilhó Teresa , Marques António V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper presents the first scientific investigation of the corky bark ofEucalyptus suberea(cork mallee). The study involved outer bark samples from two trees with diameters of 23 cm (A) and 47 cm (B), collected from a plantation in Portugal. Anatomical analysis was performed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), enabling detailed observation of bark to reveal the cork cells’ presence. The chemical characterization included summative chemical analysis, FTIR, and GC-MS/FID for suberin composition and Py-GC-MS for lignin composition. The extractive-free bark mass ofE. subereafrom treesAandBcontained 29% and 25% suberin, 30% and 37% lignin, and 39% and 38% polysaccharides, respectively. The barkAexhibited a higher extractives content (49%) than just 14% for barkB. Conversely, dichloromethane extract from barkAwas notably rich in alkanol ferulates. FTIR spectra revealed a characteristic cork tissue pattern, showing a low suberin content but high levels of polysaccharides and free carboxylic acids. The main components ofE. subereaAandBsuberins were glycerol, with 15% and 11%, ω-hydroxyacids, with 45% and 50%, and α,ω-diacids, with 30% and 17%, representing a total of ca. 90% and 78% ofE. subereaAandBsuberins mass, respectively. Both suberins showed low contents of epoxides andvic-diols; also, both presented the particularity of having high contents of free acid groups, especially the suberin of barkB, suggesting a structure with short aliphatic chains.E. subereacorky bark presents a lignin composition that differentiates from the cork G-lignins analyzed until now with a monomer composition exhibiting a GS character, with more G- (53-56%) than S-units (34-37%) with an S/G ratio between 0.64 to 0.66, forAandBlignins, respectively.
Optimization of the Compact Linear Collider rings-to-main-linac at 380 GeV
Authors: Zhao Yongke , Latina Andrea 
Published: February 2025

The baseline configuration of the Compact Linear Collider’s rings-to-main-linac sections has been optimized for the 380 GeV center-of-mass energy stage, and some outstanding issues in previous designs have been resolved. In particular, the bunch compressors have been redesigned to reduce power consumption and cost. The impact of the bunch phase error from the damping ring to the main linac has been investigated and optimized. A complete and improved set of beam-based alignment methods is outlined, and detailed realistic simulations showing its effectiveness in addressing static imperfections such as element misalignment and magnet strength errors are presented.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Discrete dark matter with light Dirac neutrinos
Authors: Borah Debasish , Das Pritam , Karmakar Biswajit , Mahapatra Satyabrata 
Published: February 2025

We propose a new realization of light Dirac neutrino mass and dark matter (DM) within the framework of a non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetry based on A4 group. In addition to A4, we also consider a Z2 and an unbroken global lepton number symmetry U(1)L to keep unwanted terms away while guaranteeing the Dirac nature of light neutrinos. The field content, their transformations, and flavon vacuum alignments are chosen in such a way that the type-I Dirac seesaw generates only one light Dirac neutrino mass while the other two masses arise from scotogenic contributions at one-loop. This leads to the Dirac scoto-seesaw framework, a generalization of the widely studied scoto-seesaw model to Dirac neutrinos. The symmetry breaking of A4 leaves a remnant Z2 symmetry responsible for stabilizing DM. Dirac nature of light neutrinos introduces additional relativistic degrees of freedom ΔNeff within reach of cosmic microwave background experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Alpha particle production from novel targets via laser-driven proton-boron fusion
Authors: Molloy D. P. , Orecchia D. , Tosca M. , Milani A. , Valt M. , McNamee A. , Fitzpatrick C. R. J. , Kantarelou V. , Kennedy J. P. , Martin P. , Nersisyan G. , Biliak K. , Protsak M. , Nikitin D. , Borghesi M. , Choukourov A. , Giuffrida L. , Kar S. , Maffini A. , Passoni M. , Picciotto A. , Margarone D. 
Published: February 2025

Novel targets were implemented in the beam-driven (in-target) proton-boron fusion with beneficial characteristics (chemical composition and density) compared to the commonly used boron nitride. A fusion-generated alpha particle flux of up to (5×107sr−1J−1) was generated via the proton-boron fusion reactions when irradiating the targets with a moderate laser system (10J, 800fs, 1019Wcm−2). Normalized by laser energy, the alpha particle flux generated in this experiment is comparable with the highest alpha particle yields reported in the literature. We present experimental results with supporting simulations and calculations of the expected alpha particle yield.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Whom to punish? Examining observers’ reactions to customer mistreatment by hospitality employees
Authors: Golossenko Artyom , Huang Jiayan , Liu Hongfei , Tran Hai-Anh , Evanschitzky Heiner 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to explore how witnessing a hospitality employee mistreating a customer impacts observers’ revenge-seeking behavior, directed not only at the offending employee but also at innocent employees.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conducts four online experiments to test the proposed relationships involving 881 UK adults.

Findings
Observing hospitality employees mistreating customers prompts observers to view the guilty employee as harmful, triggering revenge-seeking behavior. This perception of harmfulness also extends to innocent employees, leading observers to seek revenge against them. However, empowering fellow customers during the recovery process reduces observers’ intent to seek revenge against both guilty and innocent employees. In addition, the results reveal the black sheep effect, where shared group membership between the observing customer and the guilty employee results in harsher punishment for the latter, particularly when the mistreatment targets an out-group customer.

Practical implications
The findings offer practical guidance for hospitality companies on how observers’ perceptions of employees can reshape service evaluations and influence restorative approaches. Service recovery efforts should extend beyond directly affected customers to include those who witnessed the incident.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explain how observers appraise the mistreatment of fellow customers and how this influences their perceptions and revenge-seeking behavior toward both guilty and innocent employees.
The current insurance practices employed to manage flood risk in the global built environment and their applicability to Sri Lanka
Authors: Sanduni Ashvini H.G.D. , Gunasekara N.K. , Fernando W.C.D.K. , Prasanna Raj 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
This study aims to examin the challenges and issues surrounding flood insurance in Sri Lanka, which can provide valuable insights into how such programs can be effectively implemented in developing countries. It is essential to consider the role of insurance companies, the potential financial burdens and how these practices can be integrated into urban planning to create a more resilient built environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Published literature was referred to collect information on insurance schemes practiced worldwide. Semi-structured interview transcripts were analyzed, followed by a thematic analysis of the case study.

Findings
The findings from this study show that most private insurers in Sri 3Lanka are reluctant to provide insurance coverage to high-risk flood-affected communities. Additionally, the flood insurance program introduced by the government in 2016 and 2017 is not functioning anymore because of the insufficient funds allocated to execute such assistance programs. As a remedial measure, developing a national flood insurance scheme is proposed, supported by a strong aid program from international donors and public–private partnerships with government and private insurance companies. As New Zealand, Canada and Indonesia practiced, cross-subsidization and offering discounts for premiums for policyholders who have taken some mitigatory measures are the main findings from the comprehensive literature review.

Originality/value
One of this study’s main contributions is to identify the key areas that need to be developed in the existing nature of flood insurance in developing countries, including Sri Lanka. These key areas were identified from the feedback of private insurers and the literature on current insurance practices.