bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4189: Limited-versus-extensive staging system for small cell prostate cancer
Authors: Syed Salman , Ali Faisal , Basourakos Spyridon , Gong Zimu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Small cell prostate cancer (SCPC) is one of the most common extrapulmonary small cell cancers as well as one of the most common histology type among non-adenocarcinoma prostate cancers. While small cell lung cancer follows a limited-versus-extensive staging system which is different from the stage I to IV system used for non-small cell lung cancer, the prostate adenocarcinoma staging system is used in SCPC despite its distinct clinical feature and aggressive disease course. Limited by the rarity of SCPC, the optimal staging strategy for SCPC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of limited-vs-extensive staging system in SCPC patients.
Method: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to analyze the incidence and outcome of small cell prostate cancer. Patients diagnosed between the year 2004 through 2015 were included. Limited stage is defined as those without metastasis regardless of degree of local invasion. Extensive stage is defined as any metastasis to locoregional lymph node, to distant lymph node, or to distant organs.
Result: A total of 364 SCPC patients are included in the study cohort, accounting for 0.05% of all prostate cancer cases (n=665,054). Age adjusted incidence of SCPC was 0.959 per 1,000,000 per year over the whole study period. The median age at diagnosis of SCPC is 71 years. The median overall survival is 9 months. In the 322 patients with known metastasis status, 243 (75.5%) patients are in extensive stage, whereas 79 patients are in limited stage. Patients in extensive stage are more likely to have PSA level greater than 20 than those in limited stage (26.3% vs 6%), but a similar proportion of patients in both groups have PSA level less than 4 (44.3% vs 40.0%). Compared to patients with extensive stage, those with limited stage disease had a significantly better overall survival (17 months vs 9 months, p&lt;0.001) as well as disease specific survival (28 months vs 11 months, p&lt;0.001). Limited stage patients with different T stage had a similar overall survival (p=0.43). Similarly, all extensive stage patients had similar outcome despite different types of metastasis (p=0.40). Multivariable analysis of treatment showed that only chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in extensive stage disease with HR of 0.46.
Conclusion: SCPC patients can be staged to limited stage and extensive stage based on the absence versus presence of metastasis. T stage in limited stage patient and type of metastasis in extensive stage patient is not associated with different outcome.
Citation Format: Salman Syed, Faisal Ali, Spyridon Basourakos, Zimu Gong. Limited-versus-extensive staging system for small cell prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4189.
Abstract 4193: Epidemiological and clinical description of head and neck cancer cases in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Perdomo Sandra P. , Rodriguez Paula A. , Hakim Jose A. , Avello Yubelly , Suarez David A. , Escallón Alberto , Ospina Vanessa , Useche Nicolás , Muñoz Alvaro , Baldion Margarita , Palau Mauricio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In 2018, almost 36,477 new head and neck cancer (HNC) cases were estimated to occur in South America. Colombia presents an intermediate age-standardized rate per 100,000 of 178.8 for both sexes. However, the incidence has not decreased in the las 10 years. Here, we present a description of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HNC patients studied in a private institution in Bogotá, Colombia. Between November 2014 and October 2018, 73 HNC cases were enrolled in the InterCHANGE- project: HNC in Latin America (http://interchange.iarc.fr/index.php). All cases had information on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and complete clinical data. Stage at diagnosis was based on the 8th TNM AJCC classification. Inmmunohistochemical HPV studies included evaluation of p16INK4a (Clone E6H4). Mean age of diagnosis was 66 (SD 11.8), 66% of cases were male, 64% identified themselves as mestizos, 66% had superior complete educational level. 41% were nonsmokers, 56% former smokers and 52% current drinkers. 64% reported ever practiced oral sex. Tumors were mostly localized in the oral cavity (41.1%) and the oropharynx (41.1%), followed by larynx (16.4%) and hypopharynx (1.3%). 45% of cases were diagnosed at stage I and surgical treatment of primary tumor was performed in 66% of cases. Overall, 45% of cases were p16 positive. Interestingly, 93% of oropharyngeal cases were p16 positive, majority male (82%) with a mean age of diagnosis of 63 (SD 11.8) and among them, only 34% were nonsmokers. After a 2-year period of follow-up 82% of all cases were alive.In our population alcohol consumption and HPV infection are the major lifestyle risk factors associated to HNC. Oropharyngeal tumors were predominantly associated to HPV infection. Stage at diagnosis and percentage of survival is higher from what has been reported in other South American populations.
Citation Format: Sandra P. Perdomo, Paula A. Rodriguez, Jose A. Hakim, Yubelly Avello, David A. Suarez, Alberto Escallón, Vanessa Ospina, Nicolás Useche, Alvaro Muñoz, Margarita Baldion, Mauricio Palau. Epidemiological and clinical description of head and neck cancer cases in Bogotá, Colombia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4193.
Abstract 4195: Clinical, endoscopic and histological aspects of colorectal cancer at the CHU de Cocody
Authors: Fohom Serge Franck Roland Fonkoua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: The colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 4th cancer in Côte d’Ivoire (WHO 2014). Its overall prevalence appears to be advancing in sub-Saharan Africa over the years. The CRC frequently occurs at an early age and is very often discovered at an advanced or even late stage, with a bad prognosis.
Aims: To assess the clinical, endoscopic and histological aspects of CRC.
Patients and methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted from the reports of lower GI (LGI) endoscopies performed at the GI Endoscopy Unit between 2008 and 2018. The diagnosis of CRC was retained on the basis of the macroscopic and/or the histological aspect of the tumor. The following parameters were collected : number and indication of LGI endoscopies, age, gender, macroscopic appearance, location and histological type of the tumor.
Results: Over the study period, 2118 LGI endoscopies were carried out. We found 145 CRCs, corresponding to an endoscopic prevalence of 7%. The annual prevalence was 18,13 cases. A CRC was diagnosed every 14,6 LGI endoscopies performed. The sex ratio was 1,42. Median age was 56 years, with extremes of 14 and 92 years. Patients younger than 40 years (with a median age of 32 years) accounted for 18% of cases. Rectorrhagia was the main cause of LGI endoscopies found in 48 patients (33,1%), followed by an imaging discovery (ultrasound and/or abdominal CT scan) of a colorectal tumor in 38 patients (27,2%), abdominal pain or constipation in 15,3% of cases (21 patients), weight loss in 13 patients (9,5%), abdominal or anorectal mass in 8% of cases (11 patients), chronic diarrhea in 8% of cases (11 patients), metastatic tumor liver in 9 patients (6,6%), melaena in 4,4% of cases (6 patients) and anemia in 3 patients (2,2%). Macroscopically, rectal localization was the most common with 42,36% of cases, followed by sigmoid (36,1%), cecum (16,7%), right colon (11,8%), colon transverse (7%) and left colonic angle (2,8%). The ulcerative-budding form was the most common (88,65%), with strictures in 57,5% of cases and necrotic-hemorrhagic in 48,23% of cases; followed by the polypoid form (4,25%). There were no ulcerative and infiltrative form. The histological type was found in 30 patients (4,83%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common (93,3%). Stromal tumor was found in 3,3% of the cases.
Conclusion: This work confirms that the prevalence of CRC has increased in Côte d’Ivoire, that it occurs at an early age and that it is discovered at an advanced stage. This work highlights the importance of screening for CRC as early as possible in front of a Rectorrhagia, even in young patients.
Citation Format: Serge Franck Roland Fonkoua Fohom. Clinical, endoscopic and histological aspects of colorectal cancer at the CHU de Cocody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4195.
Abstract 4199: HPV prevalence of cervical cancer in the United States 2014-2015
Authors: Mix Jacqueline M. , Unger Elizabeth , Querec Troy , Thompson Trevor , Greek April , Tucker Thomas , Lynch Charles , Peters Edward , Saraiya Mona 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: To determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in invasive and in situ cervical cancers identified in three US population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) approximately 10 years after HPV vaccine implementation.
METHODS: Archived tissue from invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and cervical carcinoma in situ (CCIS) diagnosed between 2014 and 2015 were identified from three PBCRs in Iowa, Kentucky, and Louisiana. HPV genotyping was performed using Linear Array (Roche Diagnostics); follow-up testing of HPV-negative samples was done with INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Assay (Innogenetics). Type-specific weighted HPV prevalences among ICC and CCIS were estimated using the hierarchical proportion to HPV 16 and 18 oncogenic genotypes included in all vaccine formulations (16/18) and protection from five additional types in the 9-valent vaccine (31/33/45/52/58). Comparisons were made with a similar study of seven PBCRs with cervical tumor tissue obtained from diagnoses between 1994 and 2005.
RESULTS: A total of 363 ICC and 350 CCIS were successfully genotyped. Prevalence of HPV16/18 and HPV31/33/45/52/58 types were: ICC: [16/18: 69%, 31/33/45/52/58: 10%] and CCIS: [16/18: 68%, 31/33/45/52/58: 22%]. HPV prevalence in the 1994-2005 study was: ICC (n=777): [16/18: 67%, 31/33/45/52/58: 14%] and CCIS (n=481): [16/18: 61%, 31/33/45/52/58: 22%]. No overall changes were observed in the prevalence of HPV16/18 and HPV31/33/45/52/58 between the two studies.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the long latency period of HPV-related cancers, continuing to monitor HPV prevalence in invasive and in situ cervical cancers will be important for evaluating the impact of the HPV vaccine on genotype prevalence.
Citation Format: Jacqueline M. Mix, Elizabeth Unger, Troy Querec, Trevor Thompson, April Greek, Thomas Tucker, Charles Lynch, Edward Peters, Mona Saraiya. HPV prevalence of cervical cancer in the United States 2014-2015 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4199.
Abstract 4202: Identifying predictors of racial disparities in mortality among Blacks and Whites diagnosed with breast cancer in South Carolina
Authors: Babatunde Oluwole Adeyemi , Adams Swann A. , Eberth Jan M. , Felder Tisha M. , Moran Robert , Truman Samantha , Alvarado Christian , Hebert James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Mortality among White breast cancer (BrCA) patients is 7% lower in South Carolina (SC) and is 29% higher among Black BrCA patients in SC compared to the national average. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of racial disparities in mortality among Black and White BrCA patients in SC.
Methods: Breast cancer cases were obtained retrospectively from the SC Central Cancer Registry, linked with administrative data from a private payor insurance and Medicaid Plan from 2002 to 2010. The main outcome variable was mortality which was operationalized by vital status and total survival time. The main exposure variable was patient race (White vs Black). Cox proportional hazard analyses were conducted to compare hazard ratios among Blacks and Whites to identify predictors of mortality. In assessing the relationship between race and mortality, we examined marital status, urbanicity, region, and Best Chance Network enrollment as potential effect modifiers. The multivariable model was stratified by the effect modifier variables and a backward elimination process was utilized to obtain the best fitting model among models with the following covariates: age, year of diagnosis, hormone-receptor status, stage, and grade.
Results: A total of 2155 breast cancer patients (nWhites=1557; nBlacks= 598) were reported in the study period. Adjusting for cancer stage, the hazard ratio of mortality was 3.45 (1.64,7.25) among Black women who lived in the Low Country region of the state compared with White women who lived in the Low Country region of the state. In the other three regions of the state (Midlands, PeeDee and Upstate); there were no statistically significant differences between Blacks with Whites. Adjusting for cancer stage and grade showed that the hazard ratio of mortality was 1.53 (1.04,2.26) among Black women who lived in urban areas compared with White women who lived in urban areas. There were no differences between Blacks and Whites who lived in rural areas.
Conclusions: Mortality was higher among Blacks who lived in the Low Country region of the state and among Blacks who lived in urban areas. To reduce racial disparities in survival, efforts directed at early detection and linkage to timely breast cancer treatment should be focused on black women living in the Low Country region of the state and in urban areas.
Citation Format: Oluwole Adeyemi Babatunde, Swann A. Adams, Jan M. Eberth, Tisha M. Felder, Robert Moran, Samantha Truman, Christian Alvarado, James Hebert. Identifying predictors of racial disparities in mortality among Blacks and Whites diagnosed with breast cancer in South Carolina [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4202.
Abstract 4203: Race and triple-negative breast cancer survival: A population-based study
Authors: Liu Ying , Lian Min , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Tripe-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by lacking the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and thereby has poor prognosis. A higher incidence of TNBC in Black women than in White women has been well documented. However, it remains uncertain if there are racial differences in TNBC outcomes. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results dataset, we identified 23,077 women diagnosed with non-metastatic invasive TNBC, including 5,839 non-Hispanic Blacks and 17,238 non-Hispanic Whites, between 2010 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of breast cancer-specific death. During a median follow-up of 29 months, 2,494 cases died from breast cancer. The racial difference in estimated 5-year breast cancer-specific survival was 6.8% for younger (&lt;65 years) women and 4.7% for older (≥65 years) women. The RR of breast cancer-specific death was 1.22 (95% CI 1.10-1.34) in Black women compared with White women after adjustment for age, insurance status, cancer registries, tumor characteristics, treatment, neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, and rural locations. The race-associated higher risk was observed in women under 65 (RR=1.29, 95% CI 1.14-1.45), in less socioeconomically deprived counties (RR=1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.49), and in urban counties (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41). The higher risk in Black women did not significantly vary by health insurance within age strata; the RR was 1.34 (95% CI 1.06-1.69) in younger patients having no insurance or Medicaid, 1.27 (95% CI 1.10-1.47) in younger patients having non-Medicaid insurance, 1.10 (95% CI 0.67-1.81) in older patients having no insurance or Medicaid, and 1.09 (95% CI 0.90-1.33) in older patients having non-Medicaid insurance. Black women with TNBC had worse survival compared with White counterparts, which was unlikely attributed to insurance coverage and was not evenly distributed across geographic areas. This warrants further research to investigate nonbiological and biological mechanisms for racial differences in TNBC outcomes, particularly in women under 65.
Citation Format: Ying Liu, Min Lian, Graham A. Colditz. Race and triple-negative breast cancer survival: A population-based study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4203.
Abstract 4213: Stool-derived eukaryotic RNA (seRNA) assay for noninvasive detection of colorectal cancer and high-risk adenomas
Authors: Barnell Erica K. , Kang Yiming , Campbell Katie M. , Kruse Kimberly R. , Barnell Andrew R. , Wurtzler Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. The high mortality rate for CRC is largely attributable to the frequency of late-stage diagnoses, caused by low patient compliance with screening guidelines. A novel nucleic acid extraction method that isolates stool-derived eukaryotic RNA (seRNA) has permitted development of a colorectal cancer stool diagnostic test (CRC-SDT) that uses a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and 11 seRNA transcripts to serve as a reliable and noninvasive screening alternative to lower mortality associated with CRC. Stool samples were obtained from 190 individuals prior to undergoing a screening colonoscopy. Patients were diagnosed as either having colorectal cancer, having high-risk adenomas (high-grade dysplasia, villous growth pattern, or &gt;1.0cm in size), or healthy (low-risk adenomas, benign polyps, and/or no findings on a colonoscopy). FITs were obtained for each sample. Samples that had a positive FIT were considered positive for the CRC-SDT. Samples that had a negative FIT underwent seRNA isolation, library preparation (Illumina TruSeq Targeted RNA) and subsequent sequencing (Illumina NextSeq 550). A random forest model was built using 11 transcripts that were differentially expressed (log2 fold-change &gt; 1; ANOVA p &lt; 0.05) between diseased patients (CRC and high-risk adenomas) relative to the healthy cohort. Internal 10-fold cross-validation was performed for the training set and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) determined model accuracy for cancer and high-risk adenomas relative to the healthy cohort. Model predictions for an independent hold-out test set were used to determine model accuracy for colorectal cancer and high-risk adenomas. Internal cross-validation for 154 samples attained a ROC AUC of 0.82. The trained model was employed on the independent hold-out test set of 36 samples and model predictions were compared to colonoscopy results. The model attained a 100% sensitivity for CRC (n = 7), a 60% sensitivity for high-risk adenomas (n = 5), and an 88% combined specificity for the healthy cohort (n = 24). CRC-SDT uses 12 biomarkers (FIT and expression from 11 seRNA transcripts) to accurately detect CRC and high-risk adenomas. Use of seRNA biomarkers dramatically improves detection of high-risk adenomas relative to existing noninvasive screening methods for CRC.
Citation Format: Erica K. Barnell, Yiming Kang, Katie M. Campbell, Kimberly R. Kruse, Andrew R. Barnell, Elizabeth M. Wurtzler. Stool-derived eukaryotic RNA (seRNA) assay for noninvasive detection of colorectal cancer and high-risk adenomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4213.
Abstract 4216: The microbiota associated to cervical and anal HPV infections in a Hispanic population
Authors: Vázquez-Sánchez Frances , Ortiz Gilmary , Ortiz Ana P. , Godoy-Vitorino Filipa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) are the world’s most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections and high-risk types are linked to dysplasia. Susceptibility to HPV infections is related to the microbial communities of these genital surfaces, which are interfaces between the host and environment. Microbes are a predicted cause of malignancies, revealing a tremendous potential of microbiome-related processes for cancer prevention and diagnostics. The cervix and anus share a susceptible transformation zone, characterized by a metaplastic epithelial site. In fact, in women, anal and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions tend to occur concurrently, an observation that could be explained by the fact that anal and cervical HPV infections are strongly correlated. We hypothesized that bacterial communities may differ in the anus and cervix and may reveal populations associated to HPV infections in these two body sites. To test this hypothesis we characterized the microbiota of a cross-sectional population-based sample of Puerto Rican women (self-sampled) from the San Juan metropolitan (n=300 samples) and related them to anogenital HPV infections (HPV typing performed by PCR). The microbiota of resident cervical and anal bacterial communities was performed through sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region with the Illumina platform. Data was analyzed at first with QIIta, using the SILVA database as taxonomic reference, and community analyses were performed in QIIME and R. Significant differences in community structure (betadiversity) were found between cervical and anal communities (p-value = 0.001), but not according to HPV (p-value = 0.212) in any of the body sites. Indeed, overall anal communities were dominated by OTUs within Prevotella, Bacteroides and Clostridiales, while cervical samples were dominated by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteraceae (Gardnerella). Despite the common core communities at each body site, cervical samples of HPV positive patients revealed an enrichment of Ureaplasma and Prevotella while Peptinophilus was associated with anal HPV infections. Although more analyses are needed, our data suggests cervical and anal bacteria are associated to HPV infections which could pave the way to the development of early detection methods or novel probiotics for in women living in Puerto Rico.
Citation Format: Frances Vázquez-Sánchez, Gilmary Ortiz, Ana P. Ortiz, Filipa Godoy-Vitorino. The microbiota associated to cervical and anal HPV infections in a Hispanic population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4216.