bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patternable Joule Heat Film With Ultrafast Heating, High-Temperature, and Oxidation-Resistant Surface
Authors: Shan Yubin , Wang Qin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ultrafast and ultrahigh temperature light sources are critical for advancements in energy, display, and security. However, their practical applications are hindered by limitations in oxidation resistance. Here, we address this challenge by proposing a novel packaging scheme utilizing rapid heating technology and a molten glass coating. This antioxidant heat source enabling Joule heating in air, wind speed detection, and basic nanodigital displays functionality. Encapsulation of a sputtered tungsten metal layer within this coating creates a Joule heater exhibiting remarkable stability. These combined functionalities pave the way for a simple and powerful new approach for Joule thermal synthesis of novel materials, rapid material screening, and micro-area displays.
A Novel Delta-Like Parallel Robot With Three Translations and Two Pitch Rotations for Peg-in-Hole Assembly
Authors: Cheng Peng , Cao Wen-ao , Liu Degang , Cui Jun , Lai Jingpei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel 5-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) delta-like parallel robot named the double-pitch-delta robot, which can output three translations and two pitch rotations for peg-in-hole assembly. First, the kinematic mechanism of the new robot is designed based on the DOF requirements. Second, the closed-form kinematic model of the double-pitch-delta robot is established. Finally, the workspace of the double-pitch-delta robot is quantitatively analyzed, and a physical prototype of the new robot is developed to verify the effectiveness of the designed mechanism and the established models. Compared with the existing 5-DOF parallel robots with two pitch rotations, the double-pitch-delta robot has a simpler forward displacement model, larger workspace, and fewer singular loci. The double-pitch-delta robot can be also extended as a 6-DOF hybrid robot with the full-cycle tool-axis rotation to satisfy more complex operations. With these benefits, the new robot has a promising prospect in assembly applications.
Experimental Demonstration of a Topology Optimization Method to Generate a Capacity-Specific Device With Cavitation Resistance for Control Valve Applications
Authors: Butler Bruce J. , Alexandersen Joe , Rao Sameer R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Topology optimization (TO) is a powerful method of generating structures that have desirable functional performance, to date most commonly used to improve structural behavior or to optimize pressure drops in laminar flow environments. In this study, we use TO to generate free-form pressure-staging geometries for the purposes of cavitation suppression in a turbulent flow device, an industrial flow control application which has not heretofore been addressed. Using variable permeability gradient-based adjoint TO in conjunction with both an out-of-plane resistance modified two-dimensional (2D) flow model and a penalty-term extended k–ε turbulence model, we generated flow channels of predetermined capacity that gradually reduce static pressure to suppress the initiation of cavitation. Three-dimensional (3D) extrusions of the 2D geometries were then printed using a masked stereolithography apparatus and evaluated using a water flow test in conjunction with acoustic cavitation detection. After testing, the results were compared to single and dual orifice baseline devices of equivalent capacity. The results of the experimental validations showed capacity deviations from target of up to 7% with performance improvements, as characterized by the delay of incipient cavitation, of up to 13% over the capacity-equivalent two-stage baseline device. This study demonstrates a new ability to rapidly generate fit-to-purpose devices at significantly reduced engineering effort using topology optimization methods.
Moderate-Duration Dynamic Stretching During Warm-up Improves Running Economy and Running Performance in Recreational Distance Runners
Authors: Panascì Marco , Ferrando Vittoria , Bisio Ambra , Filipas Luca , Di Gennaro Simone , Puce Luca , Ruggeri Piero , Faelli Emanuela 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate, in distance runners, the acute effects of moderate durations (60 s per leg) of static (SS) and dynamic stretching (DS) on running economy (RE) and performance. Methods: Twelve recreational runners completed a randomized crossover design. Initially, the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and the speed associated with the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (vVO2max) were determined through an incremental test. Then, participants completed submaximal continuous-running (75%VT2 and 85%VT2) and running-until-exhaustion (vVO2max) tests preceded by 3 warm-ups: running plus SS or DS (SS or DS conditions) and running without stretching (NS condition). The SS and DS conditions consisted of 5 minutes of running plus 10 minutes of SS or DS, respectively, and the NS condition consisted of 15 minutes of running without stretching. RE at 75%VT2 and 85%VT2, time to exhaustion, and total running distance were evaluated. Rating of perceived exertion was also assessed. Results: Running economy at 75%VT2 resulted significantly better in the DS than in the NS (P < .001) and in the SS (P < .05). Time to exhaustion and total running distance were significantly improved in DS compared with NS (P < .001) and SS (P < .01). No differences in rating of perceived exertion among conditions were found. Conclusions: Our results showed that, in recreational distance runners, a preexercise moderate-duration bout of DS improved RE and enhanced total running distance and time to exhaustion, whereas 60 seconds of SS did not induce significant improvements. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of moderate DS durations in optimizing RE and performance parameters, showing that such effects depend on the stretching modality used.
Genetic variation at 11q23.1 confers colorectal cancer risk by dysregulation of colonic tuft cell transcriptional activatorPOU2AF2
Authors: Rajasekaran Vidya , Harris Bradley T , Osborn Ruby T , Smillie Claire , Donnelly Kevin , Bacou Marion , Esiri-Bloom Edward , Ooi Li-Yin , Allan Morven , Walker Marion , Reid Stuart , Meynert Alison , Grimes Graeme , Blackmur James P , Vaughan-Shaw Peter G , Law Philip J , Fernández-Rozadilla Ceres , Tomlinson Ian , Houlston Richard S , Myant Kevin B , Din Farhat VN , Timofeeva Maria , Dunlop Malcolm G , Farrington Susan M 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundCommon genetic variation at 11q23.1 is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, exerting local expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL) effects onPOU2AF2,COLCA1andPOU2AF3genes. However, complex linkage disequilibrium and correlated expression has hindered elucidation of the mechanisms by which genetic variants impart underlying CRC risk.ObjectiveUndertake an interdisciplinary approach to understand how variation at 11q23.1 locus imparts CRC risk.DesignWe employ analysis of RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and single-cell ATAC sequencing data to identify, prioritise and characterise the genes that contribute to CRC risk. We further validate these findings using mouse models and demonstrate parallel effects in human colonic mucosa.ResultsWe establish rs3087967 as a prime eQTL variant at 11q23.1, colocalising with CRC risk. Furthermore, rs3087967 influences expression of 21 distant genes, thereby acting as a trans-eQTL hub for a gene-set highly enriched for tuft cell markers. Epigenomic analysis implicates POU2AF2 as controlling the tuft cell-specific trans-genes, through POU2F3-correlated genomic regulation. Immunofluorescence confirms rs3087967 risk genotype (T) to be associated with a tuft cell deficit in the human colon. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the 11q23.1 risk locus genes in the mouse germline exacerbated theApcMin/+mouse phenotype on abrogation ofPou2af2expression specifically.ConclusionWe demonstrate that genotype at rs3087967 controls a portfolio of genes through misregulation ofPOU2AF2. POU2AF2is the primary transcriptional activator of tuft cells with a tumour suppressive role in mouse models. We therefore implicate tuft cells as having a key tumour-protective role in the large bowel epithelium.
Cutaneous phosphorylated-synuclein: an early diagnostic biomarker for pure autonomic failure
Authors: Koay Shiwen , Provitera Vincenzo , Caporaso Giuseppe , Vichayanrat Ekawat , Valerio Fernanda , Stancanelli Annamaria , Borreca Ilaria , Lunn Michael P , Nolano Maria , Iodice Valeria 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPure autonomic failure (PAF) presents with progressive autonomic failure without other neurological features. Atypical presentations may lead to diagnostic uncertainty. We studied whether cutaneous phosphorylated-alpha-synuclein (p-syn) could distinguish between PAF, multiple system atrophy (MSA) and non-synucleinopathy-related autonomic failure, and examined its relationship with quantitative markers of cardiovascular autonomic failure.MethodsAll individuals underwent Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31 autonomic questionnaires, cardiovascular autonomic testing and bilateral distal leg skin biopsies. We noted whether p-syn was present in nerves supplying autonomic adnexa, including sweat glands, blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, and subepidermal fibres, dermal fibres and nerve fascicles (maximum autonomic subscore 3, total p-syn score 6 for each sample, average calculated for both sides).Results36 individuals were studied: 11 PAF, 13 MSA and 12 non-synucleinopathy-related autonomic failure. P-syn was present in 22/22 (100%) PAF biopsies, 19/26 (73%) MSA biopsies and 0/22 (0%) non-synucleinopathy biopsies. Mean total p-syn score was significantly higher in PAF compared with MSA (median 4.5 vs 1, p<0.001). Total p-syn score >3 distinguished PAF from MSA with 100% specificity and 82% sensitivity. Autonomic p-syn subscores correlated with orthostatic intolerance ratio on tilt (ρ=0.63, p=0.0004), blood pressure recovery time following Valsalva manoeuvre (r=0.44, p=0.03) and patient-reported orthostatic intolerance (ρ=0.57, p=0.006).ConclusionCutaneous p-syn was abundant in PAF, a predominantly peripheral alpha-synucleinopathy. It is a promising biomarker to help distinguish between PAF, MSA and non-synucleinopathy-related autonomic failure to aid early diagnosis and recruitment to future clinical trials. P-syn deposition on autonomic nerves may impair control of total peripheral resistance giving rise to symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.
End of life care in paediatric settings: UK national survey
Authors: Bedendo Andre , Papworth Andrew , Beresford Bryony , Phillips Bob , Vasudevan Chakrapani , Lake Walker Gabriella , Weatherly Helen , Feltbower Richard , Hinde Sebastian , Hewitt Catherine Elizabeth , Murtagh Fliss , Noyes Jane , Hackett Julia , Hain Richard , Oddie Sam , Subramanian Gayathri , Haynes Andrew , Fraser Lorna 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo describe end of life care in settings where, in the UK, most children die; to explore commonalities and differences within and between settings; and to test whether there are distinct, alternative models of end of life care.MethodsAn online survey of UK neonatal units (NNUs), paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and children/young people’s cancer principal treatment centres (PTCs) collected data on aspects of service organisation, delivery and practice relevant to end of life outcomes or experiences (referred to as the core elements of end of life care) across three domains: care of the child, care of the parent and bereavement care.Results91 units/centres returned a survey (37% response rate). There was variation within and between settings in terms of whether and how core elements of end of life care were provided. PTCs were more likely than NNUs and PICUs to have palliative care expertise strongly embedded in the multidisciplinary team (MDT), and to have the widest range of clinical and non-clinical professions represented in the MDT. However, bereavement care was more limited. Many settings were limited in the practical and psychosocial-spiritual care and support available to parents.ConclusionsChildren at end of life, and families, experience differences in care that evidence indicates matter to them and impact outcomes. Some differences appear to be related to the type of setting. Subsequent stages of this research (the ENHANCE study) will investigate the relative contribution of these core elements of end of life care to child/parent outcomes and experiences.
Exploring the viability of charged spheres admitting non-metricity and matter source
Authors: Gul M. Zeeshan , Javed Faisal , Sharif M. , Alkarni Shalan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research paper investigates the impact of non-metricity and matter source on the geometry of charged spheres in the presence of anisotropic matter configuration. We use a specific model of extended symmetric teleparallel theory to minimize the complexity of the field equations. Moreover, the feasible non-singular solutions are used to examine the interior composition of the charged spheres. The Darmois junction conditions are used to determine the unknown constants in the metric coefficients. We explore some significant properties in the interior of compact stars under consideration to check their viable existence in this modified framework. The equilibrium state of the charged spheres is discussed using the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation and stability is analyzed by sound speed and Herrera cracking approach. We find that the charged spheres in this theoretical framework are physically viable and stable.
Comparison of Gut Microbiomes Between Neonates Born by Cesarean Section and Vaginal Delivery: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Pahirah Nichapat , Narkwichean Amarin , Taweechotipatr Malai , Wannaiampikul Sivaporn , Duang-Udom Chinpanee , Laosooksathit Wipada 
Published: November 2024

Background: Balanced diversity and abundance of gut microbiome play important roles in human health, including neonatal health. Though not established, there is evidence that the delivery route could alter the diversity of neonatal gut microbiomes.Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the differences in the gut microbiomes of neonates delivered via cesarean section compared to those born by vaginal delivery and to identify the predominant microbial taxa present in each group.Study Design: A prospective observational study of 281 healthy neonates born between February 2021 and April 2023 at Her Royal Highness Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand, was performed. The study population was divided into two groups: 139 neonates born via vaginal delivery and 141 neonates born via cesarean section. The microbiota composition of each neonate’s fecal sample was identified by using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid metagenomic sequencing.Results: Neonates delivered vaginally exhibited a gut microbiome with higher abundance and diversity than those delivered by cesarean delivery. Bifidobacterium was the dominant genus in both groups. Bifidobacterium breve was the dominant species and was significantly higher in cesarean‐delivered neonates compared to those delivered vaginally (24.0% and 9.2%, respectively) (p < 0.001). However, the taxonomy of only 89 (64.0%) and 44 (31.43%) fecal samples could be identified from the vaginal and cesarean delivery groups, respectively.Conclusion: Route of delivery is associated with neonatal gut microbiome abundance and diversity. Neonates delivered via vaginal delivery exhibited higher diversity but lower abundance of the dominant species in the gut microbiome.Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry identifier: TCTR20221024003
An Assessment on Innovator’s Ability for Consent-Free Health Data Reuse, In the Context of the GDPR and EHDS: The Netherlands Case Study
Authors: Afra Maryam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Considering the difficult procedure of obtaining consent, consent-free health data reuse is believed to be one major contributor towards the creation of thriving health innovation ecosystem. While classic researchers are supported by the GDPR to reuse health data without consent, the innovator’s situation remains unclear, and this uncertainty continues to exist upon the introduction of the EHDS. To shed light on grey areas, positions of GDPR and EHDS on the ability of innovators for consent-free health data reuse were assessed. The study concludes that, while academicians are able to reuse health data without consent, a private company’s ability has been impeded by individual member states’ deviations from Article 9(2) GDPR. Furthermore, in contracts to EHDS (2022) which appeared in favour of innovators through the elimination of consent mechanism, EHDS (2024) with the inclusion of opt-out mechanism, and exclusion of private sector bodies from the Article 35(f), has negatively affected private companies.
From Word to World: Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Iqbāl, and the Limits of Formalism
Authors: Khan Shariq 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Urdu literary critic Shamsur Rahman Faruqi (1935–2020) favored a formalist style of literary criticism, and applied it productively to the reading of major Urdu poets like Mīr and Ġhālib. Despite its formidable success, Faruqi’s approach had certain limitations in some cases. This article examines some of these limitations in the context of Faruqi’s writings on the poet Muḥammad Iqbāl, and in doing so explores more generally the analytical as well as political limits of the non-cognitivist assumptions of formalism when applied to certain modalities of reading, writing and understanding Persian and Urdu poetry. It thus makes the case for more flexible and pluralistic models of literary criticism that can better understand and accommodate multiple ways of apprehending Persian and Urdu poetry, including those which treat poetry as a possible source of knowledge, truth, and ethical guidance.
Prevalence and associated factors of passive suicidal ideation in a population treated by a community mental health unit
Authors: Vázquez Morejón Antonio J , Vázquez Reyes Antonio , Salas Azcona Rosario , Vázquez-Morejón Raquel 
Published: November 2024

Background: Suicide is a major public health problem affecting an increasing number of people. It is a complex and multicausal phenomenon whose first step is passive suicidal ideation (PSI). The identification of people with PSI could facilitate specific interventions with those who are at greater risk and/or suffering. Aims: To explore the frequency of passive suicidal ideation (PSI) and its association with sociodemographic, psychological, and psychopathological variables in a sample of persons seen in first consultation in a community mental health unit. Methods: Data from 2,354 persons seen in first consultation in a community mental health unit were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative variables, and frequency distribution was used for qualitative variables. Differences between groups were explored using the t-test for independent groups and Chi-square for qualitative variables. Results: The results showed a high frequency of these ideas in the analyzed sample, with a notable prevalence where more than half of the subjects (55.6%) reported experiencing these ideas in the last 2 weeks. There was a significant association of these ideas with sociodemographic variables such as age, type of cohabitation, and employment status. Likewise, significant positive associations were observed with symptom severity (depressive and anxious) and with the functional impact of these symptoms, with an increase in the PSI as symptom intensity and functional impact increase. Experiential avoidance and social support also showed a highly significant association with PSI. There was an increase in PSI as experiential avoidance increased and a decrease in PSI as social support increased. Conclusions: The high prevalence of PSI within the clinical mental health sample highlights the critical need for targeted interventions. The significant associations with sociodemographic variables, symptom severity, functional impact, experiential avoidance, and social support emphasize the multifaceted nature of PSI and the importance of addressing these factors in clinical practice to effectively reduce PSI and improve overall mental health outcomes.
Exploring the Mediating Influence of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion on the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Post-Traumatic Growth among Young Adults in India
Authors: Sachdeva Jasmine , Shukla Ridhima 
Published: November 2024

Through the course of the last few decades researchers have observed that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) can act as a breeding ground for transformative positive changes to develop in the face of adversity. This process of enhanced growth is systematically studied as ‘Post Traumatic Growth’ (PTG). Though there is an existing association between ACE and PTG, yet there is a paucity of studies that explores the mediating variables in this relationship. The current study aims to explore the role of self-compassion (SC) and psychological flexibility (PF) between ACE and PTG among Indian young adults. The study was conducted on 298 Indian participants who were in the age bracket of 18–25 years. The study variables were assessed using self-administered rating scales. Participants were screened for ACE using Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire. Additionally, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory- Short Form were other tools used. The results have indicated that both Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion mediate the relationship of ACE with PTG. The current findings have emphasized on the role of Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion in moving towards Post Traumatic Growth. These findings reassert that Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion are foundational to Acceptance Commitment Therapy and highly useful especially while working with trauma affected populations.
Perspectives of Parents, School Nurses, and Pediatricians on Vaccine Hesitancy in St Louis County, Missouri
Authors: Bradshaw Jennifer , Brzozowski Amanda , Katti Priya , Chapman Olivia , Pham Audrey , Torgerson Andrew , Wankum Ethan , Snavely Aimee , Baskin Carole R. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To gather perspectives on childhood vaccination and vaccine hesitancy, the Saint Louis County Department of Public Health (DPH) surveyed parents seeking nonmedical exemptions, conducted focus groups of school nurses, and interviewed pediatricians. Methods: We distributed exemption forms and voluntary questionnaires to parents in St Louis County who were seeking nonmedical exemptions for their school-aged children at any DPH clinic from August 2019 through December 2022. We conducted and recorded four 75- to 90-minute focus groups of 11 school nurses in groups of 2 or 3 nurses in September 2022. We conducted and recorded interviews of 8 pediatricians in March 2023. We calculated descriptive statistics, transcribed focus group discussions and interviews, and performed qualitative coding. Results: We collected 1871 exemption forms. The median age of children (n = 1854) was 6 years. Of the 10 vaccines included in the exemption list, the percentage of exclusions ranged from 91.2% for meningococcal conjugate to 88.7% for hepatitis A. We identified 4 themes in the focus groups: recent changes in vaccine compliance, hesitancy and barriers, services addressing hesitancy and barriers, and future requests for DPH. Analysis of pediatrician interviews revealed themes relating to vaccine information, community efforts, and physician decision-making. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to vaccine hesitancy in St Louis County. Future interventions need to focus on beliefs and behavioral change related to vaccines and not just the economics and accessibility of vaccines.