bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small fish diet in connected and isolated lakes in a Neotropical floodplain
Authors: Quirino Bárbara A. , Carniatto Natália , Thomaz Sidinei M. , Fugi Rosemara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHydrological connectivity interferes directly in dispersal rates of organisms and in similarity of environmental conditions among floodplain environments. Consequently, connectivity promotes changes in food resources availability to fish. Here we tested the predictions that (a) isolated floodplain lakes have greater environmental heterogeneity than connected lakes, (b) fish diet differs more among isolated than among connected lakes and (c) trophic niche breadth of the species is smaller in isolated than in connected lakes. We used one invertivorous and one algivorous species of fish to test these two last predictions. The environmental heterogeneity (evaluated in relation to abiotic variables and the macrophyte composition) tended to be greater in isolated lakes. Diet of both species differed significantly in all isolated lakes populations, and in the majority of the populations in connected lakes; however, the main items consumed for invertivorous species were common in all connected lakes. Trophic niche breadth of the invertivorous fish was significantly greater in the connected lakes; however, the algivorous species showed no significant difference between connected and isolated lakes. Our findings suggest that connectivity can facilitate the dispersal of organisms, allowing the increase in food item richness and consequently, trophic niche breadth, as observed for invertivorous species. However, connectivity likely plays a minor role on the algivorous species, whose diet may be more affected by local conditions, such as habitat structure. Our results support the view that regional (dispersion) and local (habitat structure) factors interact with feeding habit to determine fish food composition in the floodplain lakes we studied.
Parenting Advice and Regrets of Empty‐Nesters
Authors: Chapman Ashton , Schramm David 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo identify the advice and regrets empty‐nest parents have when reflecting on their experiences as parents, and to investigate the utility of the parenting pyramid framework for parent education on the basis of that advice and those regrets.BackgroundThe parenting pyramid specifies that the parent–child relationship, teaching, and correction are key components of parenting and that they should be emphasized in that order or priority. However, the extent to which this model is reflective of what parents actually think or do, or wish they would have done, remains unclear.MethodEmpty‐nesters were recruited through social media, professional e‐mail listservs, university advertising, newspaper ads in multiple states, and word of mouth, resulting in a convenience sample of 379 individuals from across the United States who completed an online, open‐ended survey. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsConsistent with the parenting pyramid, empty‐nesters conveyed the importance of a healthy parent–child relationship being the foundation for teaching, reasoning, direction, and correction throughout children's lives. Empty‐nesters' advice focused primarily on the importance of the parent–child relationship and the role of parents as teachers. Regrets were related to overemphasizing correction and negativity.ConclusionsThese findings provide empirical support for the utility of the parenting pyramid as a useful framework for principles‐focused parent education.ImplicationsThe relative importance of relationship building versus correction and discipline suggest that parent educators should reduce the amount of time and attention they spend answering the question “What to do when things go wrong?” and focus more on helping things go right.
Clinicopathological investigation of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study using immunohistochemical analysis of adenoma‐related markers
Authors: Taniai Makiko , Hashimoto Etsuko , Tobari Maki , Kodama Kazuhisa , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Takayama Tadatoshi , Sugitani Masahiko , Sano Keiji , Kondo Fukuo , Fukusato Toshio 
Published: July 2018

AimsSteatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma (SH‐HCC) is a newly proposed concept, which shows histological features of steatohepatitis in HCC lesions, and it is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and steatosis/steatohepatitis in non‐cancerous lesions. Recently, a substantial number of HCC associated with MS were reported to have developed from pre‐existing inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). To elucidate the characteristic features of SH‐HCC, we clinicopathologically investigated strictly diagnosed SH‐HCC and non‐SH‐HCC (standard HCC).MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study. A clinicopathological investigation was undertaken to compare 62 cases with SH‐HCC features to 31 age‐ and sex‐matched standard HCC cases, including an immunohistochemical study using markers for classification of HCA and diagnosis of HCC.ResultsThe characteristic features of SH‐HCC compared with standard HCC include a higher rate of complications of MS, more frequent non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease as an underlying liver disease, and HCC development in non‐cirrhotic liver. The rate of solitary tumors showed no difference between the two groups, but the median diameter of the main tumor was greater in SH‐HCCs (45 mm/20 mm, P = 0.01). The HCCs were mostly moderately differentiated, and the patterns were mainly trabecular in both groups. Positive findings for serum amyloid A and C‐reactive proteins, classification markers of inflammatory HCA, were significantly higher in cancerous lesions of SH‐HCC cases (50%/13%, P < 0.01 and 42%/16%, respectively; P = 0.01).ConclusionsWe confirmed that SH‐HCC was strongly associated with MS and NAFLD, and found that classification markers of inflammatory HCA were significantly higher in SH‐HCC. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between SH‐CCC and HCA for understanding the carcinogenic pathways in these diseases.
Reflectance Transformation Imaging and the Future of Medieval Sigillography
Authors: McEwan John Alexander 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the Middle Ages, people used seals to authenticate records, but those seals preserve words and images used by many different social groups, from the nobility to the peasantry, as well as both men and women. They thus provide an opportunity to explore the ideas, values, and beliefs of a wide range of people. Consequently, seals are valued by a range of scholars, including historians, art‐historians, and archeologists, as well as those interested in heraldry, genealogy, and local history. Seals are an important part of the medieval legacy, but they are also precious and fragile objects, and therefore scholars as well as members of the public generally have little personal experience with them. As a result, seals remain little known, but that could change, thanks to novel forms of digital imaging such as Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI).
Indian Ocean navigation in Islamic sources 850–1560 CE
Authors: Staples Eric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOceanic histories have become increasingly popular in the last few decades, as maritime‐based approaches to historical inquiry, often referred to as a “new thalassology,” gain prominence. Indian Ocean studies in particular have flourished as a result of this trend. However, the study of Indian Ocean navigation has not received the same level of academic attention. This paper briefly reviews the historical and historiographical development of Indian Ocean navigation and argues that although significant work—based largely on Arabic manuscripts sources—was conducted in the twentieth century, the field has become somewhat stagnant. It concludes with recommendations for future research that could further enhance our understanding of Indian Ocean navigation and enrich the broader field of Indian Ocean studies.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer without cutaneous manifestations in two Japanese siblings
Authors: Noguchi Go , Furuya Mitsuko , Okubo Yoichiro , Nagashima Yoji , Kato Ikuma , Matsumoto Kana , Tanaka Reiko , Hisasue Shin‐ichi , Yao Masahiro , Kishida Takeshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is a rare genetic disorder characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis, and an aggressive type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma. The disease is caused by a germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene. We report a familial hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer in two siblings. A 34‐year‐old woman underwent nephrectomy for treatment of a renal cell carcinoma. The patient's sister had been diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma at 28 years‐of‐age and died of the disease. Neither sister had apparent skin tumors. Histopathology of the renal cell carcinomas of the siblings showed tubulocystic and papillary architectures with high nuclear grades. Immunostaining showed no fumarate hydratase expression in either tumor. Genomic DNA sequencing of the patient showed a germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase gene (c.675delT). Although there is no epidemiological information on Asian hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, physicians should be aware that typical cutaneous leiomyomatosis might not always be present in patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer.
Semi‐aquatic spider silks: transcripts, proteins, and silk fibres of the fishing spider, Dolomedes triton (Pisauridae)
Authors: Correa‐Garhwal S.M. , Chaw R.C. , Dugger T. , Clarke T.H. , Chea K.H. , Kisailus D. , Hayashi C.Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo survive in terrestrial and aquatic environments, spiders often rely heavily on their silk. The vast majority of silks that have been studied are from orb‐web or cob‐web weaving species, leaving the silks of water‐associated spiders largely undescribed. We characterize transcripts, proteins, and silk fibres from the semi‐aquatic spider Dolomedes triton. From silk gland RNAseq libraries, we report 18 silk transcripts representing four categories of known silk protein types: aciniform, ampullate, pyriform, and tubuliform. Proteomic and structural analyses (scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, contact angle) of the D. triton submersible egg sac reveal similarities to silks from aquatic caddisfly larvae. We identified two layers in D. triton egg sacs, notably a highly hydrophobic outer layer with a different elemental composition compared to egg sacs of terrestrial spiders. These features may provide D. triton egg sacs with their water repellent properties.
Increased risk of cognitive impairment and more severe brain lesions in hypertensive compared to non‐hypertensive patients with cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Pavlovic Aleksandra M. , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Trajkovic Jasna Zidverc , Tomic Gordana , Cvitan Edita , Sternic Nada 
Published: July 2018

Although cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is traditionally associated with aging and hypertension (HT), there are patients exhibiting sporadic SVD, free of HT. We aimed to investigate the differences in clinical and neuroradiological presentation in SVD patients in reference to the presence of HT as a risk factor (RF). Vascular RF, cognitive and functional status were evaluated in a cohort of 424 patients. Patients were classified in two groups based on the presence of HT. Severity of vascular lesions was assessed using 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging with Age‐Related White Matter Changes scale total score (tARWMC) and Fazekas scale periventricular (PV) and deep subcortical (DS) scores. No difference between groups in age and sex distribution was noted. In univariate analysis, HT was associated with vascular cognitive impairment (vCI) (OR 2.30, 1.53‐3.45, P < 0.0001), functional status (OR 1.47, 1.11‐1.95, P = 0.007), depression (OR 2.13, 1.23‐3.70, P = 0.007), tARWMC (OR 1.10, 1.05‐1.16 95% CI, P < 0.0001), Fazekas PV score (OR 1.34, 1.08‐1.67 95% CI, P = 0.008), Fazekas DS score (OR 1.95, 1.44‐2.63 95% CI, P < 0.0001) and total number of lacunes (OR 1.10, 1.02‐1.18 95% CI, P = 0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that HT was an independent RF for vCI (OR 1.74, 1.09‐2.76 95% CI, P = 0.020) and higher Fazekas DS score (OR 1.57, 1.11‐2.22 95% CI, P = 0.011). The Kaplan‐Meier curve of estimates of survival of SVD patients without vCI revealed a higher proportion of patients with HT progressing to vCI over time when compared to HT‐free cases. In patients with sporadic SVD, HT is a contributing factor to worse clinical outcomes and neuroradiological presentation.
Trehalose phosphate synthase 5‐dependent trehalose metabolism modulates basal defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Xuelan , Du Yan , Yu Diqiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite the recent discovery that trehalose synthesis is important for plant development and abiotic stress tolerance, the effects of trehalose on biotic stress responses remain relatively unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 5 (TPS5)‐dependent trehalose metabolism regulates Arabidopsis thaliana defenses against pathogens (necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea and biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae). Pathogen infection increased trehalose levels and upregulated TPS5 expression. Application of exogenous trehalose significantly improved plant defenses against B. cinerea, but increased the susceptibility of plants to P. syringae. We demonstrate that elevated trehalose biosynthesis, in transgenic plants over‐expressing TPS5, also increased the susceptibility to P. syringae, but decreased the disease symptoms caused by B. cinerea. The knockout of TPS5 prevented the accumulation of trehalose and enhanced defense responses against P. syringae. Additionally, we observed that a TPS5‐interacting protein (multiprotein bridging factor 1c) was required for induced expression of TPS5 during pathogen infections. Furthermore, we show that trehalose promotes P. syringae growth and disease development, via a mechanism involving suppression of the plant defense gene, Pathogenesis‐Related Protein 1. These findings provide insight into the function of TPS5‐dependent trehalose metabolism in plant basal defense responses.
Updated status of assisted reproductive technology activities in the Asia‐Oceania region
Authors: Li H. W. Raymond , Tank Jaydeep , Haththotuwa Rohana ,   on behalf of Asia and Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo report on a descriptive survey on the availability, regulation and funding issues of assisted reproductive technology (ART) activities in member countries of the Asia and Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (AOFOG).MethodsA survey questionnaire was initially sent out to representatives of the 28 member national societies of AOFOG in 2015, and final verification and compilation of data were completed in November 2017.ResultsA response was received from 24 countries. Artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization treatments were available in 23 and 22 of them respectively. Of the 23 responding countries where ART activities were carried out, these were governed by legislation or national regulations in 12 of them, and 15 had a national registry, to which reporting was compulsory in 11 of them. Only Australia, Nepal, New Zealand and Saudi Arabia allowed ART treatment for both single men and women, while only Australia and New Zealand allowed ART treatment for homosexual couples. In Vietnam, ART treatment was allowed only for single women (but not men) from the same country. In Israel, only single or homosexual women but not men were allowed to receive ART treatment. Government subsidy was available for artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization treatments in 10 and 9 responding countries respectively. Compensation to gamete donors and surrogate mothers were allowed in some countries, mostly on the basis of covering the medical treatment cost and compensation for leave from work.ConclusionThere is great diversity in the availability of various forms of ART treatments, their regulations and data‐monitoring mechanisms, as well as funding issues, among Asian‐Oceanic countries. Availability of ART activities involving donor gametes or surrogacy, or those for nonheterosexual unions, is still limited in this region.
Neuronal regulation of intestinal immune functions in health and disease
Authors: Fornai M. , van den Wijngaard R. M. , Antonioli L. , Pellegrini C. , Blandizzi C. , de Jonge W. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundNerve‐mucosa interactions control various elements of gastrointestinal functions, including mucosal host defense, gut barrier function, and epithelial cell growth and differentiation. In both intestinal and extra‐intestinal diseases, alterations of autonomic nerve activity have been observed to be concurrent with the disease course, such as in inflammatory and functional bowel diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. This is relevant as the extrinsic autonomic nervous system is increasingly recognized to modulate gut inflammatory responses. The molecular and cellular mechanisms through which the extrinsic and intrinsic nerve pathways may regulate digestive mucosal functions have been investigated in several pre‐clinical and clinical studies.PurposeThe present review focuses on the involvement of neural pathways in gastrointestinal disease, and addresses the current strategies to intervene with neuronal pathway as a means of treatment.
Secondary Dark Reactions Following Photodynamic Treatment are More Damaging Than Previously Thought
Authors: Chiemezie Callistus , Greer Alexander 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic treatment is often thought to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly induce killing; the nomenclature and phrases revolve around such notions of light‐dependency. Few studies reference the possible existence of oxidation products formed in secondary reactions, which bear cytotoxicity competitive to their ROS precursors. Here, we highlight the paper by Girotti and Korytowski in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology, which does just that. In this paper, they report on cholesterol hydroperoxides, which are formed after photosensitized oxidation and yield cytotoxic mixtures in dark reactions after the light's turned off. Some of the hydroperoxides are transported by protein carriers and damage tissue outside their site of origin. A similar dark cytotoxicity may be anticipated for biological peroxides from in vivo photodynamic therapy.
Singlet Oxygen Production by a Crude Oil from the San Jorge Gulf Basin, Argentina
Authors: Marisa López Rosmari , Mangani Adriana del Luján , Arbeloa Ernesto Maximiliano , Luiz Marta Mabel , Gutiérrez María Isela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe quantum yields for singlet oxygen production by diluted solutions of an Argentine crude oil and its SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) fractions were obtained by direct detection of the characteristic phosphorescence following monochromatic excitation at 355 nm. The most efficient sensitizers of singlet oxygen in organic media are crude oil, maltenes and aromatics fractions (values of singlet oxygen quantum yield are around 0.7), and resins (values around 0.1) are the poorest. Also, the quenching of singlet oxygen by the crude oil and its fractions was investigated; the asphaltenes and the petroleum are relatively efficient quenchers of singlet oxygen.
Efficacy of stimulus intensity increases and decreases as inhibitors of the acoustic startle response
Authors: Peterson Hope , Blumenthal Terry D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe human startle eyeblink response can be inhibited by a change in the stimulus environment briefly before the startling stimulus; both stimulus presentation (prepulse) and cessation of background sound (gap) can result in startle inhibition. More intense prepulses often result in greater inhibition, and this study (N = 53 college students) examined whether graded decreases in sound energy relative to a steady background noise (a “partial gap”) would follow this same pattern of inhibition. Embedded in a 65 dB steady background noise were 100 dB white noise startle stimuli preceded at 120 ms on some trials by stimulus intensity increases or decreases of 5, 10, or 15 dB relative to background. Results showed that startle inhibition was graded by amount of change relative to background, such that greater increases or decreases resulted in greater inhibition. Also, increases were more effective startle inhibitors than decreases at equivalent levels of change from background. These results demonstrate that the neural centers responsible for startle inhibition are responsive to both increases and decreases in stimulus intensity, and are sensitive to amount of change, not simply whether a change occurs. These findings may have implications for the development of a screening method for a hearing disorder called tinnitus.
Combustion Test of Oxidizer-Rich Single Triplex Injector Preburner for Staged Combustion Cycle Rocket Engine
Authors: Lee Su-Ji , Moon In-Sang , Moon Il-Yoon , Ha Seong-Up 
Published: July 2018

In the Republic of Korea, research on staged-combustion cycle liquid propellant rocket engines (LPRE) is proceeding to improve efficiency of rocket engines. Recently oxidizer-rich preburner using single triplex injector is developed in relation to the main injector development and combustion tests have been performed. This preburner is designed to operate in nominal conditions with the combustion pressure of 10 MPa, OF ratio of 60. For a stable ignition, LOx is fed in two steps. Triethylaluminum-Triethylborane (TEAB) is used as hypergolic fuel for ignition, supplied through a fuel injector.
Despite the small amount of fuel flow rate and high pressure condition, the combustion pressure was stably maintained around 10 MPa as designed. As a result of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the combustion chamber dynamic pressure, 1L mode frequencies related to the acoustic instability and hydraulic resistance exist in the combustion chamber. But their amplitudes are less than 1% of the combustion pressure and it does not affect the combustion. Therefore combustion test is stably completed.
In the near future, coupled tests with uni-element triplex injector preburner and uni-element gas/liquid injector main combustion chamber will be carried out.
Lift and Drag Characteristics of an Airfoil and Feedback Flow Control by Flap Actuators in the Low Reynolds Number Region
Authors: Mori Toshiki , Yamaguchi Masashi , Inaoka Kyoji , Senda Mamoru 
Published: July 2018

The present paper describes the applicability of the flow control device, mini actuators attached on the leading edge of an airfoil, for the flow separation control under unsteady flow condition in the low Reynolds number region. Lift and drag have been measured for a wide variety of the wind speeds (Reynolds numbers) and the angles of attack. Then, effects of simple feedback flow control, where the time-dependent signal of the lift-drag ratio has been used as an input to detect the stall and served as a trigger to start the actuation, have been explored under the unsteady flow condition for evading the stall.
For every Reynolds number from 30,000 to 80,000, the actuators worked quite well to delay the stall, increasing both in the lift and the stall angle of attack. Then, threshold value of the lift-drag ratio was determined to detect the stall. Effectiveness of the feedback control of the actuation was demonstrated under the condition of the wind speed decrease which would lead to the stall if no-actuation. Immediately after the velocity decrease, the decrease in the lift-drag ratio below the threshold were detected and the dynamic actuations were started, resulting in evading the stall and keeping high lift. The additional operation of the feedback, stopping the actuation when the lift-drag ratio showed lower than the second threshold, was revealed effective to keep the high lift force under the condition combined with the wind speed increase and decrease.