bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epilogue
Authors: Quijada Justine Buck 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The epilogue re-caps the arguments presented in the previous chapters, and revisits Bakhtin’s idea of the chronotope as an analytic terminology for an anthropology of history. The epilogue argues that a comparative approach to indigenous revitalization projects in post-Soviet secular Buryatia reveals the contingent and creative nature of human conceptions of time and space, and the productive capacity of ritual. The chronotopes indexed in rituals exist as negotiated, contingent, performative evocations of pasts that continuously produce Buryats as subjects in the present. The epilogue also reminds readers that all the previous chapters are linked by the way in which contemporary Buryats emphasize materiality as proof for belief, and argues that this is a secular conception that undergirds contemporary Siberian religious practices. The materiality of ritual appears to participants to exceed its explanations, grounding revived post-Soviet religious practice in a secular discourse of evidentiary proof.
The Dark Double
Authors: Tsygankov Andrei P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This book studies the role of US media in presenting American values as principally different from and superior to those of Russia. The analysis focuses on the media’s narratives, frames, and nature of criticism of the Russian side and is based on texts of editorials of selected mainstream newspapers in the United States and other media sources. The book identifies five media narratives of Russia—“transition to democracy” (1991–1995), “chaos” (1995–2005), “neo-Soviet autocracy” (2005–2013), “foreign enemy” (since 2014), and “collusion” (since 2016)—each emerging in a particular context and supported by distinct frames. The increasingly negative presentation of Russia in the US media is explained by the countries’ cultural differences, interstate competition, and polarizing domestic politics. Interstate conflicts served to consolidate the media’s presentation of Russia as “autocratic,” adversarial, and involved in “collusion” with Donald Trump to undermine American democracy. Russia’s centralization of power and anti-American attitudes also contributed to the US media presentation of Russia as a hostile Other. These internal developments did not initially challenge US values and interests and were secondary in their impact on the formation of Russia image in America. The United States’ domestic partisan divide further exacerbated perception of Russia as a threat to American democracy. Russia’s interference in the US elections deepened the existing divide, with Russia becoming a convenient target for media attacks. Future value conflicts in world politics are likely to develop in the areas where states lack internal confidence and where their preferences over the international system conflict.
Russia Fights Back
Authors: Tsygankov Andrei P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The chapter argues that Russia is partly responsible for its hostile perception by the US media. The Kremlin’s actions, including laws preventing gays and lesbians from speaking publicly, criminal trials against some of government’s critics, corruption, election falsifications, and assertive foreign policy, have contributed to such perceptions. The issue is the proportion and nuances of such criticism. The chapter assesses US media presentations as distortions of reality and questions the prudence of presenting other nations’ values as fundamentally threatening to those of America, particularly when they do not result in egregious examples of violence. The chapter also discusses Russia’s reactions to its presentation in the United States and argues that Russia’s anti-Americanism is reactive and dependent on pressure from the United States.
Conclusion
Authors: Tsygankov Andrei P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The conclusion summarizes the argument and assesses potential for future cultural conflicts in world politics. Cultural and political divides come from different sources, but in times of acute interstate competition culture and politics tend to reinforce each other, exacerbating international tensions. Future competition for values is not likely to take the form of a new Cold War yet the intense rivalry for power and rules means a continuous culture wars in world politics. Russia is not doomed to be the United States’ Dark Double. US-Russia relations may gradually become less dependent on presenting each other as potential ideological threats if the two nations learn to reframe bilateral relations in value-free terms.
Living Religion
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The modern tendency to separate theory and practice, reflection and contemplation, has done inestimable mischief to the life of religion in the modern world. Religion’s claims about God or the world or the nature and destiny of the human spirit have been ripped from their context in religious practice and treated as discrete doctrinal abstractions to be justified or refuted in isolation from the living religious life that is their natural home. Many of the dilemmas faced by those who think seriously about religion today arise from or are intensified by this separation of theory and practice. Trends in contemporary psychology, especially an emphasis on embodiment and relationality, can help the thoughtful religious person of any tradition by returning theory to practice and thereby opening up new avenues of religious knowing and new ways of justifying the commitment to a religiously lived life. This text moves between psychology (especially neuropsychology) and various forms of religious thought in order to demonstrate the validity of living the religiously informed life. This book argues that it is meaningful and reasonable to speak of a “spiritual sense” by discussing ways we can “sense” or “perceive” the reality of God and what that might mean for the religiously concerned person and how it might be understood psychologically and neurologically.
Introduction
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This text is a dialogue between psychology and theology. In different ways, they both deal with understanding the religiously lived life and with the question of whether there is any validity to living that kind of life. The central question of the book is whether it is meaningful and reasonable to speak of a “spiritual sense,” whether there are ways we can “sense” or perceive the reality of God. The first chapter develops an “embodied-relational” approach to human understanding by drawing on two very different psychological paradigms: clinical psychoanalysis and laboratory research into the role embodiment plays in human understanding. The second chapter builds on this review of the empirical findings to discuss some of their implications for the traditional and virtually universal theological topic of human nature. A popular approach to thinking about religion from a psychological perspective is to treat religions as “meaning systems.” The research cited here suggests that our embodiment directly impacts our understanding of how meanings are arrived at, thus affecting how we understand religious meaning-making—the subject of chapter three. The fourth chapter examines the impact of our embodiment on studying and understanding religion. The fifth chapter explores a case for a “spiritual sense” grounded in an embodied approach to human understanding.
Understanding as Living
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Drawing upon clinical psychoanalysis and laboratory research, this chapter develops an “embodied-relational” epistemology. The chapter reviews major research findings on the ways embodiment influences the cognitive processes by which we understand ourselves and the world. It also reviews current neuro-network studies whose findings imply the brain can be understood as a single, interactive system and not simply a collection of relatively autonomous domains. The emphasis here is on the brain’s complexity, integration, and a certain degree of openness. Sensory experience is understood as an active, not passive process, involving an intimate interconnection between self and world. The role of proprioception, as well as the five basic senses, is analyzed. The implications of such research findings for human understanding, and especially religious understanding, are elaborated.
The Embodied Mind and the Mind-Suffused Body
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews current empirical findings relevant to traditional and virtually universal religious teachings about human nature, especially the claim that there is more to human nature than what can be easily described by contemporary natural science. It argues that any purely physicalist account is necessarily incomplete and inadequate and not as compelling as is often assumed in popular discussions of neuroscience. The many ways embodiment impacts our theorizing about our bodies and their sensory capabilities lays the basis for the possibility of a spiritual sense. It also opens up another approach to the “mind-body” dilemma and the issue of dualism.
Meaning-Making
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
An increasingly popular approach to thinking about religion from a psychological perspective is to treat religions as “meaning systems.” A lot of research in the psychology of religion has been conducted within this “meaning systems” paradigm. Such research also demonstrates the positive role religious meaning-making can play in health and resilience, stress and coping, and pro-sociality. The research cited in this book suggests that our embodiment directly impacts our understanding of how meanings are arrived at. This, in turn, affects the ways in which we understand religious meaning-making and moves the concern with justifying the religiously lived life in a more pragmatic direction.
Living Religion
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
An embodied approach to human understanding can ground the case for a “spiritual sense” and for understanding religious knowledge as a form of perception, especially if proprioception (and not just ordinary sense perception) is used as an analogue. The long-standing tradition of the existence of a spiritual sense is brought up to date by linking it to various contemporary neuroscientific theories. An embodied-relational model offers several avenues for understanding our capacity to transform and transcend our ordinary awareness. Two classical Christian theological texts on religious experience—the Cloud of Unknowing and Scheiermacher’s The Christian Faith—are also discussed.
Conclusion
Authors: Jones James W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The two primary intellectual pillars supporting many of the current arguments against theological claims, supposedly drawn from cognitive neuroscience (and science in general), are a physicalist metaphysics and a positivist epistemology. Both have been analyzed here and found wanting. The theoretical and scientific problems with physicalism have only been summarized in this book since they are extensively developed in other places which are alluded to in the text and notes. But even these brief summaries should be sufficient to show that physicalism is hardly the uncontested and self-evident viewpoint that it is often made out to be in the popular media. I have suggested ways in which some versions at least of embodied knowing might also support other perspectives on the nature of the physical world (particularly that part of the physical world known as our body) and more complex models of human nature and even certain types of dualism.
Manipulated Agents
Authors: Mele Alfred R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Thought experiments featuring manipulated agents and designed agents have played a significant role in the literature on moral responsibility. What can we learn from thought experiments of this kind about the nature of moral responsibility? That is this book’s primary question. An important lesson lies at the core of its answer: Moral responsibility for actions has a historical dimension of a certain kind. A pair of agents whose current nonhistorical properties are very similar and who perform deeds of the same kind may nevertheless be such that one is morally responsible for the deed whereas the other is not, and what makes the difference is a difference in how they came to be as they are at that time—that is, a historical difference. Imagine that each of these agents attempts to assassinate someone. Depending on the details of the cases, it may be that one of these agents is morally responsible for the attempt whereas the other is not, because one of them was manipulated in a certain way into being in the psychological state that issues in the behavior whereas the other agent came to be in that state under his own steam. A variety of thought experiments are considered. They include stories about agents whose value systems are radically altered by manipulators, vignettes featuring agents who are built from scratch, and scenarios in which agents magically come into being with full psychological profiles.
Courting Gender Justice
Authors: Sundstrom Lisa McIntosh , Sperling Valerie , Sayoglu Melike 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Women and the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) community in Russia and Turkey face pervasive discrimination. Only a small percentage dare to challenge their mistreatment in court. Facing domestic police and judges who often refuse to recognize discrimination, a tiny minority of activists have exhausted their domestic appeals and then turned to their last hope: the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The ECtHR, located in Strasbourg, France, is widely regarded as the most effective international human rights court in existence. Russian citizens whose rights have been violated at home have brought tens of thousands of cases to the ECtHR in the last 20 years. But only one of these cases resulted in a finding of gender discrimination—and that case was brought by a man. By comparison, the Court has found gender discrimination more frequently in decisions on Turkish cases. Courting Gender Justice explores the obstacles that confront those who try to use domestic and international law to fight gender and sexual orientation discrimination in Russia and Turkey, and sheds light on the factors that make legal victories possible both at home and abroad. Based on interviews with human rights and feminist activists and lawyers in both countries, this engaging book grounds the law in the experiences of individual people fighting to defend their rights.
Gender Discrimination Cases at the European Court of Human Rights: Why So Few?
Authors: Sundstrom Lisa McIntosh , Sperling Valerie , Sayoglu Melike 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Over the past two decades, Russian citizens whose rights have been violated at home have appealed tens of thousands of cases to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), which rules on the basis of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). But only three of the Russian cases that have reached a judgment from the ECtHR have included gender discrimination claims, and all three of these cases were brought by men, not women. This chapter briefly discusses the domestic and international barriers to bringing gender discrimination complaints to Russian courts and to the ECtHR. The chapter also introduces our cross-national and cross-issue comparison cases: discrimination against women in Turkey, and against the LGBT community in Russia and Turkey, and court cases on these issues in Russia, Turkey, and at the ECtHR. The chapter includes our methodology (a description of our research process and our interviewees in both countries) and a brief explanation of how the ECtHR works. The chapter summarizes our findings as to what enables legal victories in domestic and international courts on gender discrimination cases: activism requires activists; winning cases requires legal expertise on discrimination cases (which is often lacking); winning discrimination cases requires systematic data proving a pattern of bias; winning cases is contagious, in that winning a legal victory on one issue (such as domestic violence) leads to further legal victories on that issue. Chapter 1 also includes summaries of the rest of the book’s chapters.
Conclusion
Authors: Sundstrom Lisa McIntosh , Sperling Valerie , Sayoglu Melike 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 concludes the book with a focus on the findings from our analysis that suggest lessons for nongovernmental organization (NGO) activists, lawyers, and officials at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and within the wider Council of Europe institutions to draw upon in understanding how to facilitate justice for victims of gender discrimination in Russia and other Council of Europe states. In an era when many European and former-Soviet states appear entrenched in or are moving closer to authoritarian rule, the possibility for citizens to seek protection of their human rights from transnational institutions becomes increasingly important. We argue that although human rights protection and multilateralism in general are under threat from popular nationalist, xenophobic, and socially conservative forces in many countries, the recognition of women’s rights as being part and parcel of human rights must remain central to our understanding of meaningful citizenship, and that upholding the international treaties that offer such protections is crucial to the expansion and reinforcement of democracy and human rights.
Gaining Voice
Authors: Clark Christopher J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This book adopts a multifaceted approach to study of black state legislators across the country. Using the descriptive representation framework, multiple facets of black representation are studied. Black seat share is the primary facet considered, and it is measured as the proportion of seats held by blacks in the state legislature. The black representation ratio measures the black seat share relative to the black population share. Parity exists when blacks are represented in the state legislature at a rate that matches their population share. Legislative black caucuses are also studied in this work, representing the institutionalization of the black presence in state legislatures. The first half of the book shows that while black people are critical for explaining black representation in state legislatures, that institutional and non-racial demographic factors also account for the black seat share, black representation ratio, and emergence of state legislative black caucuses. A “demographics is destiny” explanation insufficiently accounts for blacks gaining voice in state legislatures. The second half the book considers the consequences of black representation in state government. On the one hand, a greater black presence increases education spending, black political involvement, and liberalizes black public opinion. On the other hand, an increased black presence is linked with less liberal welfare policy, in particular in places where Democrats hold the majority of state legislative seats. Thus, an increased black presence in the legislature can be seen as a double-edged sword.
Explaining Black Descriptive Representation in State Legislatures
Authors: Clark Christopher J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Diversity in representative bodies is important to political scientists, with many focusing on the presence of African Americans in legislatures. This chapter examines black seat share and the black representation ratio in state legislatures, from 1992 to 2010. The findings show that while the relationship between black population and the black seat share is linear, the black population in a state has a non-linear relationship with the black representation ratio. This provides partial support for the expectation that because of racial threat, the relationship between black population and black descriptive representation is non-linear. Moreover, there is more to explaining black descriptive representation than the presence of African Americans. Legislative professionalism, the partisan attachments of voters, and the Latino population in the state are other important predictors of black descriptive representation in state legislatures.
The Creation of State Legislative Black Caucuses
Authors: Clark Christopher J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Black legislative caucuses allow blacks to leverage their strength in numbers and best advocate for shared interests. This chapter examines the conditions under which 32 state legislative black caucuses emerged, from 1966 to 1986. It also provides the first systematic analysis of the emergence of state legislative black caucuses, and it presents a new theory of black caucus emergence by combining two existing explanations of why these entities form. The findings show that legislative black caucuses are more likely to form than not when around 17 blacks serve in office. However, there is more to the emergence of black caucuses than black presence. Democratic seat share and the number of standing committees in states also influence the emergence of black caucuses.
Signs in the Dust
Authors: Lyons Nathan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Modern thought is characterised, according to Bruno Latour, by a dichotomy of meaningful culture and unmeaning nature. Signs in the Dust uses medieval semiotics to develop a new theory of nature and culture that resists this familiar picture of things. Through readings of Thomas Aquinas, Nicholas of Cusa, and John Poinsot (John of St Thomas), it offers a semiotic analysis of human culture in both its anthropological breadth as an enterprise of creaturely sign-making and its theological height as a finite participation in the Trinity, which can be understood as an absolute ‘cultural nature’. Signs then extends this account of human culture backwards into the natural depth of biological and physical nature. It puts the biosemiotics of its medieval sources, along with Félix Ravaisson’s philosophy of habit, into dialogue with the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis in contemporary biology, to show that a cultural dimension is present through the whole order of nature and the whole of natural history. It also retrieves Aquinas’ doctrine of intentions in the medium to show how signification can be attributed in a diminished way to even inanimate nature. The phenomena of human culture are reconceived then not as breaks with a meaningless nature but instead as heightenings and deepenings of natural movements of meaning that long precede and far exceed us. Against the modern divorce of nature and culture, then, the argument of Signs in the Dust is that culture is natural and nature is cultural, through and through.
Biosemiosis
Authors: Lyons Nathan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Part II of this book takes the account of human culture developed in Part I and extends it backwards into biological and physical nature to reveal culture’s third dimension of natural ‘depth’. This chapter begins that task by considering the biosemiotics of Aquinas, Cusa, and Poinsot, according to which all organisms live, know, and communicate by means of signs. Together these medieval thinkers offer a rich account of the semiotic processes of receptive sensation and expressive communication in non-human organisms, especially emphasising the diversity of semiotic repertoires among species and the single metaphysics of signification that is common to humans and non-human organisms. The production of meaning through signs is then a vast phenomenon of which human culture is but one local expression. The biosemiosis that is in play among all living things represents the biological depth of culture.