bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model for the Thermophysical Properties of Lunar Regolith at Low Temperatures
Authors: Woods‐Robinson Rachel , Siegler Matthew A. , Paige David A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe thermophysical properties of lunar regolith have been thoroughly investigated for temperatures higher than 100 K. For the near‐equatorial thermal measurements of the Apollo era, this temperature range was sufficient to generate appropriate models. However, recent measurements from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment have revealed polar temperatures as low as 20 K, with apparently lower thermal inertia than explainable by existing theory. In the absence of comprehensive laboratory measurements of regolith thermal properties at low temperatures (<100 K), we investigate solid state theory and fits to lunar simulant materials to derive a semiempirical model of specific heat and thermal conductivity in lunar regolith in the full range 20–400 K. The primary distinctions between these previous models are (1) the temperature dependence of the solid conduction component of thermal conductivity at low temperatures, (2) the focus on regolith bulk density as the primary variable, and (3) the concept that the composition and modal petrology of grains could significantly influence thermal properties of the bulk regolith. This model predicts that at low temperatures, thermal conductivity is as much as an order of magnitude lower and specific heat is likely higher than expected from current models. The thermal conductivity at low temperature should vary depending on the constituent grain materials, their crystallinity, contributions from phonon scattering modes, bulk porosity, and density. To demonstrate the impact of our finding, we extrapolate the effects of our conductivity model on temperature variations in permanently shadowed regions on the Moon. This work motivates experimental confirmation of thermophysical properties of lunar regolith at low temperature.
Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM‐Chem Global Chemistry‐Climate Model
Authors: Fernandez Rafael P. , Carmona‐Balea Antía , Cuevas Carlos A. , Barrera Javier A. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean‐Francois , Blaszczak‐Boxe Christopher , Kim Kitae , Choi Wonyong , Hay Timothy , Blechschmidt Anne‐Marlene , Schönhardt Anja , Burrows John P. , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCurrent chemistry climate models do not include polar emissions and chemistry of halogens. This work presents the first implementation of an interactive polar module into the very short‐lived (VSL) halogen version of the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM‐Chem) model. The polar module includes photochemical release of molecular bromine, chlorine, and interhalogens from the sea‐ice surface, and brine diffusion of iodine biologically produced underneath and within porous sea‐ice. It also includes heterogeneous recycling of inorganic halogen reservoirs deposited over fresh sea‐ice surfaces and snow‐covered regions. The polar emission of chlorine, bromine, and iodine reach approximately 32, 250, and 39 Gg/year for Antarctica and 33, 271, and 4 Gg/year for the Arctic, respectively, with a marked seasonal cycle mainly driven by sunlight and sea‐ice coverage. Model results are validated against polar boundary layer measurements of ClO, BrO, and IO, and satellite BrO and IO columns. This validation includes satellite observations of IO over inner Antarctica for which an iodine “leapfrog” mechanism is proposed to transport active iodine from coastal source regions to the interior of the continent. The modeled chlorine and bromine polar sources represent up to 45% and 80% of the global biogenic VSLCl and VSLBr emissions, respectively, while the Antarctic sea‐ice iodine flux is ~10 times larger than that from the Southern Ocean. We present the first estimate of the contribution of polar halogen emissions to the global tropospheric halogen budget. CAM‐Chem includes now a complete representation of halogen sources and chemistry from pole‐to‐pole and from the Earth's surface up to the stratopause.
Minimum Hydraulic Resistance Uncertainty and the Development of a Connectivity‐Based Iterative Sampling Strategy
Authors: Rizzo Calogero B. , de Barros Felipe P. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presence of well‐connected paths is commonly observed in spatially heterogeneous porous formations. Channels consisting of high hydraulic conductivity (K) values strongly affect fate and transport of dissolved species in the subsurface environment. Several studies have established a correlation between connectivity properties of the spatially variable K‐field and solute first arrival times. However, due to limited knowledge of the spatial structure of the K‐field, connectivity metrics are subject to uncertainty. In this work, we utilize the concept of the minimum hydraulic resistance and least resistance path to evaluate the connectivity of a K‐field in a stochastic framework. We employ a fast graph theory‐based algorithm to alleviate the computational burden associated with stochastic computations in order to investigate both the impact of the hydrogeological structural conceptualization and domain dimensionality (2‐D vs. 3‐D) on the uncertainty of the minimum hydraulic resistance. Finally, we propose an iterative data acquisition strategy that can be utilized to identify the least resistance path (which is linked to preferential flow channels) in real sites. A synthetic benchmark test is presented, showing the advantages of the proposed sampling strategy when compared to a regular sampling strategy. By using the iterative data sampling strategy, we were able to reduce first arrival time uncertainty by 47% (when compared to the regular sampling strategy), while maintaining site characterization efforts constant.
Depolarization of multidomain ferroelectric materials
Authors: Zhao Dong , Lenz Thomas , Gelinck Gerwin H. , Groen Pim , Damjanovic Dragan , de Leeuw Dago M. , Katsouras Ilias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDepolarization in ferroelectric materials has been studied since the 1970s, albeit quasi-statically. The dynamics are described by the empirical Merz law, which gives the polarization switching time as a function of electric field, normalized to the so-called activation field. The Merz law has been used for decades; its origin as domain-wall depinning has recently been corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations. Here we experimentally investigate domain-wall depinning by measuring the dynamics of depolarization. We find that the boundary between thermodynamically stable and depolarizing regimes can be described by a single constant,Pr/ε0εferroEc. Among different multidomain ferroelectric materials the values of coercive field,Ec, dielectric constant,εferro, and remanent polarization,Pr, vary by orders of magnitude; the value forPr/ε0εferroEchowever is comparable, about 15. Using this extracted universal value, we show that the depolarization field is similar to the activation field, which corresponds to the transition from creep to domain-wall flow.
Layer-by-layer self-assembly of pillared two-dimensional multilayers
Authors: Tian Weiqian , VahidMohammadi Armin , Wang Zhen , Ouyang Liangqi , Beidaghi Majid , Hamedi Mahiar M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly of pillared two-dimensional (2D) multilayers, from water, onto a wide range of substrates. This LbL method uses a small molecule, tris(2-aminoethyl) amine (TAEA), and a colloidal dispersion of Ti3C2Tx MXene to LbL self-assemble (MXene/TAEA)n multilayers, where n denotes the number of bilayers. Assembly with TAEA results in highly ordered (MXene/TAEA)n multilayers where the TAEA expands the interlayer spacing of MXene flakes by only ~ 1 Å and reinforces the interconnection between them. The TAEA-pillared MXene multilayers show the highest electronic conductivity of 7.3 × 104 S m−1 compared with all reported MXene multilayers fabricated by LbL technique. The (MXene/TAEA)n multilayers could be used as electrodes for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors delivering a high volumetric capacitance of 583 F cm−3 and high energy and power densities of 3.0 Wh L−1 and 4400 W L−1, respectively. This strategy enables large-scale fabrication of highly conductive pillared MXene multilayers, and potentially fabrication of other 2D heterostructures.
Diabetes und Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Baldia Philipp H. , Marx Nikolaus , Schütt Katharina A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a very important comorbidity in patients with heart failure, as the common presence of both diseases significantly worsens the prognosis of patients. In order to improve the outcome of these patients, it is essential to diagnose both diseases at an early stage and to treat them in accordance with guidelines. In particular, a differentiated medication plays a crucial role. The therapy of heart failure does not differ in patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes. In the treatment of diabetes mellitus, however, it is very important to choose substances that have a positive effect on the cardiovascular outcome of patients. First-line treatment of diabetes in patients with cardiovascular diseases should be metformin, followed by a SGLT-2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist with proven cardiac benefit. A rigorous adjustment of risk factors according to current guidelines reduces cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization rates. Glitazones and saxagliptin are associated with increased hospitalization rates and should be avoided in heart failure.
Roadmap for Routine Pharmacogenetic Testing in a Psychiatric
University Hospital
Authors: Menke Andreas , Weber Heike , Deckert Jürgen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) implicates a huge burden for patients and
society. Although currently available antidepressants are effective treatment
options, more than 50% of the patients do not respond to the first
administered antidepressant. In addition, in more than 25% with
antidepressants-treated patients, adverse effects occur. Currently, the
selection of treatment does not reflect objectively measurable data from
neurobiological and behavioral systems. However, in the last decades, the
understanding of the impact of genetic variants on clinical features such as
drug metabolism has grown and can be used to develop tests that enable a
patient-tailored individual treatment. In fact, robust evidence was found that
genetic variants of CYP450 enzymes such as CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 can be surrogate
markers for the metabolism of certain drugs. This article describes a pilot
study design aimed to combine clinical variables such as therapeutic drug
monitoring, inflammatory and stress markers with static and variable genetic
information of depressed patients to develop an algorithm that predicts
treatment response, and tolerability using machine learning algorithms.
Psychometric evaluation covers the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and adverse drug reactions. An in-depth
(epi-)genetic assessment combines genome-wide gene association data with DNA
methylation patterns of genes coding CYP enzymes along with a pharmacogenetic
battery focusing on CYP enzymes. Using these measures to stratify depressed
patients, this approach should contribute to a data-driven assessment and
management of MDD, which can be referred to as precision medicine or
high-definition medicine.
Disease Activity May Not Affect the Prognosis of Coexisting Thyroid
Cancer in Acromegalic Patients
Authors: Dogansen Sema Ciftci , Gul Nurdan , Soyluk Ozlem , Kurtulmus Neslihan , Yarman Sema 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcromegaly is known to be associated with high incidence of malignancies
probably due to the mitogenic effects of IGF-1. Differentiated thyroid
cancer (DTC) is reported to be one of the most frequent malignancies
associated with acromegaly. But there is no data about the clinical course
of DTC in acromegalic patients. In this study, we evaluated the course of
DTC in 14 acromegalic patients retrospectively. Fourteen papillary thyroid
cancer patients without acromegaly, who were matched with the acromegalic
patient group for age, gender and properties of thyroid cancer, were
investigated as the control group. We identified no change in the course and
treatment responses of DTC in association with the acromegaly activity,
gender, age and disease duration, and all patients were found to be in
remission for DTC at the time of investigation. Retrospective analysis of
this cohort suggests that the activity of acromegaly may not affect the
treatment responses and prognosis of coexisting DTC.
Surgical Revascularization of Chronically Occluded Coronary Arteries—What You See Is What You Get?
Authors: Lagemann Doreen , Mellert Fritz , Gestrich Christopher , Duerr Georg Daniel , Konrad Nicole , Sinning Jan-Malte 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Revascularization strategy in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery usually depends on coronary dimension and stenosis severity. Little is known about the relation of preoperative evaluation of scarcely or invisibly chronic occluded coronary arteries (chronic total occlusion [CTO]) and revascularization rate or anastomosis quality. We aimed to evaluate the success rates of CTO revascularization in CABG surgery and determine the influence of coronary lumen visibility and collateralization in preoperative angiograms on revascularization rates, bypass blood flow, and target vessel diameter.
Method Preoperative coronary angiograms were evaluated for 938 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery between 2014 and 2016 and screened for occluded coronary arteries. The occluded vessels were scored for visibility using the Rentrop grading of collateral filling. Intraoperatively, dimensions of the occluded arteries were measured using conventional vessel probes, and anastomosis quality was assessed by transit time flow measurement.
Results A total of 404 (43.1%) patients were identified with at least one CTO. Revascularization rates differed from 96.2% in the left anterior descending artery, to 85.0% in left circumflex artery-dependent vessels, and 78.8% in right coronary artery territory. Coronary visibility and grade of collateralization in the preoperative angiogram had no influence on intraoperatively measured coronary diameter. Bypass blood flow in grafts revascularizing CTOs lacking collateralization were not significantly lower than those grafts leading to CTOs with higher Rentrop scores.
Conclusion Preoperative coronary assessment often differs from intraoperative findings. Our study confirms that even patients with scarcely collateralized CTOs and impaired visibility in the coronary angiogram have a high chance of complete revascularization during CABG surgery.
New neural activity patterns emerge with long-term learning
Authors: Oby Emily R. , Golub Matthew D. , Hennig Jay A. , Degenhart Alan D. , Tyler-Kabara Elizabeth C. , Yu Byron M. , Chase Steven M. , Batista Aaron P. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Consider a skill you would like to learn, like playing the piano. How do you progress from “Chopsticks” to Chopin? As you learn to do something new with your hands, does the brain also do something new? We found that monkeys learned new skilled behavior by generating new neural activity patterns. We used a brain–computer interface (BCI), which directly links neural activity to movement of a computer cursor, to encourage animals to generate new neural activity patterns. Over several days, the animals began to exhibit new patterns of neural activity that enabled them to control the BCI cursor. This suggests that learning to play the piano and other skills might also involve the generation of new neural activity patterns.
Are internal load measures associated with injuries in male adolescent Gaelic football players?
Authors: O'Keeffe Sinéad , O'Connor Siobhán , Ní Chéilleachair Niamh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine internal loads in male adolescent Gaelic footballers and their association with musculoskeletal injury. Written training diaries were completed by 97 male adolescent Gaelic footballers weekly and injuries, defined as any injury sustained during training or competition causing restricted performance or time lost from play, were assessed by a Certified Athletic Therapist. Daily load was determined for each player (session rating of perceived exertion by session duration) and summed to give weekly load. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to determine the association with injury. Twenty‐two injuries were recorded with match injuries significantly more common than training injuries. Periodic variations in weekly load and injuries were evident throughout the season. Univariate analysis identified weekly load (OR = 2.75; 95%CI = 1.00–7.59), monotony (OR = 4.17; 95%CI = 1.48–11.72) and absolute change in load (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.15–9.32) greater than the team average were significant injury risk factors. Multiple logistic regression with 2‐weekly and 3‐weekly cumulative loads, absolute change, monotony, strain, ACWR and age as independent variables identified internal load measures (monotony, strain and absolute change) were associated with injury with high specificity (96.0%) but low sensitivity (25.0%). The findings highlight the need to monitor team and individual loads to avoid sudden week‐to‐week changes or excessive weekly loads. Open communication between players, parents, coaches and sports medicine clinicians enables effective load monitoring that can reduce injury risk and may subsequently minimise dropout, improve team success and overall sport enjoyment and promote life‐long sports participation.
Sensory Force, Sublime Impact, and Beautiful Form
Authors: Lichtenstein Eli I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Can a basic sensory property like a bare colour or tone be beautiful? Some, like Kant, say no. But Heidegger suggests, plausibly, that colours ‘glow’ and tones ‘sing’ in artworks. These claims can be productively synthesized: ‘glowing’ colours (etc.) are not beautiful; but they are sensory forces—not mere ‘matter’, contra Kant—with real aesthetic impact. To the extent that it inheres in sensible properties, beauty is plausibly restricted to structures of sensory force. Kant correspondingly misrepresents the relation of beautiful wholes to their parts. Beautiful form is not extrinsic to sensory force. Sensible beauty is just the holistic impact of agonistically-interacting sensory forces. When sensory forces interact hierarchically, their collective impact is closer to the sublime, in quality if not degree. The simplest sensory experience of sublimity is just the impact of radically intensified sensory forces, similar in kind if not degree to the individual ‘singing’ tones in a beautiful melody.
Evidence against Imposing Restrictions on Hurdle Models as a Test for Simultaneous versus Sequential Decision Making
Authors: Burke William J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAgricultural economists frequently employ hurdle models to estimate the determinants of truncated outcomes such as market participation and adoption. A pervasive belief is that restrictions can be placed on hurdle models to test whether the decisions made in the underlying data‐generating process occurred sequentially or simultaneously. This article argues against the ability to draw this conclusion and further submits there is a negative correlation between failing to reject these restrictions and sample size. Evidence to support both proposals comes from data collected in a natural setting, as well as simulated data with a known data‐generating mechanism.
Two large reciprocal translocations characterized in the disease resistance-rich burmannica genetic group of Musa acuminata
Authors: Dupouy Marion , Baurens Franc-Christophe , Derouault Paco , Hervouet Catherine , Cardi Céline , Cruaud Corinne , Istace Benjamin , Labadie Karine , Guiougou Chantal , Toubi Lyonel , Salmon Frederic , Mournet Pierre , Rouard Mathieu , Yahiaoui Nabila , Lemainque Arnaud , Martin Guillaume , D’Hont Angélique 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Banana cultivars are derived from hybridizations involving Musa acuminata subspecies. The latter diverged following geographical isolation in distinct South-east Asian continental regions and islands. Observation of chromosome pairing irregularities in meiosis of hybrids between these subspecies suggested the presence of large chromosomal structural variations. The aim of this study was to characterize such rearrangements.

Methods
Marker (single nucleotide polymorphism) segregation in a self-progeny of the ‘Calcutta 4’ accession and mate-pair sequencing were used to search for chromosomal rearrangements in comparison with the M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis genome reference sequence. Signature segment junctions of the revealed chromosome structures were identified and searched in whole-genome sequencing data from 123 wild and cultivated Musa accessions.

Key Results
Two large reciprocal translocations were characterized in the seedy banana M. acuminata ssp. burmannicoides ‘Calcutta 4’ accession. One consisted of an exchange of a 240 kb distal region of chromosome 2 with a 7.2 Mb distal region of chromosome 8. The other involved an exchange of a 20.8 Mb distal region of chromosome 1 with a 11.6 Mb distal region of chromosome 9. Both translocations were found only in wild accessions belonging to the burmannicoides/burmannica/siamea subspecies. Only two of the 87 cultivars analysed displayed the 2/8 translocation, while none displayed the 1/9 translocation.

Conclusion
Two large reciprocal translocations were identified that probably originated in the burmannica genetic group. Accurate characterization of these translocations should enhance the use of this disease resistance-rich burmannica group in breeding programmes.
Four decades of cultural evolution in House Finch songs
Authors: Ju Chenghui , Geller Frances C , Mundinger Paul C , Lahti David C 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Bird song is the primary animal model system for cultural evolution. Longitudinal studies of bird song across many generations can provide insights into patterns and mechanisms of change in socially transmitted traits. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of songs of the House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) across an interval of 37 years (in 1975 and in 2012). Recordings from both years were collected in western Long Island, New York, which is thought to be the initial site of introduction of the House Finch around 1940 from the West Coast. Song types experienced a complete turnover during this period, although half of the syllable types were represented in both samples. Song length, frequency bandwidth and several other spectrographic features were the same in both years, and no structural features predicted recurrence of individual syllables. Consistent with the fact that our study population expanded substantially following a cultural founder effect, song and syllable sharing and similarity between individuals were lower in 2012 than in 1975, reflecting an increase in song diversity at the population level. However, in the more recent sample individual songs had fewer syllables, and were sung with less sequence stereotypy across renditions than in the earlier sample. Syllable prevalence in 2012 was associated both with complexity (as gauged by frequency excursion) and increased minimum frequency. Thus, over nearly 4 decades, Eastern House Finch songs remained structurally similar at the whole-song level, diversified between individuals, but became simpler and less consistent within an individual.