bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Physical Activity in Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on Health Promotion Model
Authors: Kang Dong-Qin , Li Yu , Chen Zhi-Qi , Liu Qi , Su Chun-Xiang , Guo Hong , Yue Shu-Jin 
Published: June 2019

Background
Increasing attention is being given to physical activity in colorectal cancer patients. Some studies have explored a few correlates of physical activity separately. A contemporary study based on the Health Promotion Model may systematically broaden the understanding of physical activity in colorectal cancer patients.

Objective
To understand the status of physical activity in Chinese colorectal cancer patients and to explore the correlated factors.

Methods
A total of 168 adults with colorectal cancer were recruited at 3 tertiary hospitals in China. Participant data were collected on demographics, physical activity, biological factors, anxiety and depression, benefits/barriers to physical activity, self-efficacy, and social support. SAS 8.2 was used for statistical analysis, including descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, single factor analysis, and multiple stepwise regression analysis.

Results
Only 25.60% of colorectal cancer survivors reached the requirements of the Colorectal Cancer Survivorship Care Guidelines. Employment states, number of complications, fatigue, body image, depression, perception of benefits/barriers, and self-efficacy were closely correlated with physical activity in Chinese colorectal cancer patients.

Conclusions
The physical activity status of patients with colorectal cancer is not optimal. The correlated factors that nurses can take measures to improve are fatigue, body image, depression, perception of benefits/barriers, and self-efficacy, which may improve physical activity in colorectal cancer patients in China. Additional research is needed to determine if improving factors correlated with physical activity will assist with directly increasing physical activity.

Implications for Practice
Nurses should evaluate physical activity of colorectal cancer patients timely and play an active role in health promotion programs to improve colorectal cancer patients’ physical activity.
Sitting Matters! Differences Between Sitters and Nonsitters at 6 Months' Adjusted Age in Infants At-Risk and Born Preterm
Authors: Jensen-Willett Sandra , Pleasant Malinda , Jackson Barbara , Needelman Howard , Roberts Holly , McMorris Carol 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
Sitting delays in infants born preterm compound cognitive and language deficits. This retrospective study examines differences in prematurity-related risk and compares developmental outcomes between sitters and nonsitters at 6 months' adjusted age.

Methods:
A total of 105 graduates of the neonatal intensive care unit met inclusion criteria. Infant demographic and medical risk profiles and 6-month Bayley Scales of Infant Development-3rd edition (BSID-III) cognitive and language scores were retrieved. Infants who sat with hands free greater than 60 seconds were classified as “sitters.”

Results:
Sixty-nine percent of the sample were nonsitters and were born earlier, had lower birth weights, were chronologically older at follow-up, and spent more days with respiratory support. BSID-III scores were significantly higher in sitters but did not differ by gender, multiple birth, head ultrasound results, payment type, or race/ethnicity.

Conclusion:
Sitting abilities at 6 months' adjusted age are associated with prematurity risk factors. Cognitive and language scores differ significantly between sitters and nonsitters.
Use of Person Locator Service to Facilitate Immunization Information System–Based Adolescent Reminder Project
Authors: Kuramoto Sydney , St. Martin Andrew , Muscoplat Miriam Halstead 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To determine the impact of using a person locator service to reduce undeliverable addresses for an immunization information system (IIS)–based reminder project.

Design:
Return mail was compared at address-difference levels between original IIS addresses and updated addresses.

Setting:
Minnesota residents were targeted for an immunization reminder postcard based on address.

Participants:
Both 11- and 12-year-olds with a Minnesota address in Minnesota's IIS.

Intervention:
An immunization reminder postcard was mailed to households of participants.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Reminder postcard return rates were tracked for address-difference levels between original IIS addresses and updated addresses. Return mail rates were track at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level and analyzed for demographic characteristic associations.

Results:
Postcards had significantly lower odds of return when an address was confirmed (odds ratio [OR] = 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.1; P < .001) or had major updates (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.44-0.49; P < .001) than when no new address information was obtained. Significant, positive associations were found between return rate and both ZCTA-level poverty rate (γ = 0.235, P < .001) and ZCTA-level percentage of nonwhite residents (γ = 0.301, P < .001).

Conclusions:
Use of a person locator service is a promising method for reducing the barrier incorrect address information poses to successful reminder/recall notification. Implementation of person locator services could improve the data quality of address information in the IIS and success of outreach attempts by IIS users.
Relocation of macrophages maintains the barrier function of the urothelium and protects against persistent infection
Authors: Bottek Jenny , Soun Camille , Volke Julia K , Dixit Akanksha , Thiebes Stephanie , Beerlage Anna-Lena , Horstmann Marius , Urbanek Annett , Uszkoreit Julian , Eisenacher Martin , Bracht Thilo , Sitek Barbara , Hoffmann Franziska , Vijitha Nirojah , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Engel Daniel R 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYMacrophages perform essential functions during bacterial infections, such as phagocytosis of pathogens and elimination of neutrophils to reduce spreading of infection, inflammation and tissue damage. The spatial distribution of macrophages is critical to respond to tissue specific adaptations upon infections. Using a novel algorithm for correlative mass spectrometry imaging and state-of-the-art multiplex microscopy, we report here that macrophages within the urinary bladder are positioned in the connective tissue underneath the urothelium. Invading uropathogenicE.coliinduced an IL-6–dependent CX3CL1 expression by urothelial cells, facilitating relocation of macrophages from the connective tissue into the urothelium. These cells phagocytosed UPECs and eliminated neutrophils to maintain barrier function of the urothelium, preventing persistent and recurrent urinary tract infection.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
RNA velocity and protein acceleration from single-cell multiomics experiments
Authors: Gorin Gennady , Svensson Valentine , Pachter Lior 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous quantification of protein and RNA makes possible the inference of past, present and future cell states from single experimental snapshots. To enable such temporal analysis from multimodal single-cell experiments, we introduce an extension of the RNA velocity method that leverages estimates of unprocessed transcript and protein abundances to extrapolate cell states. We apply the model to four datasets and demonstrate consistency among landscapes and phase portraits.
Multifaceted Hi-C benchmarking: what makes a difference in chromosome-scale genome scaffolding?
Authors: Kadota Mitsutaka , Nishimura Osamu , Miura Hisashi , Tanaka Kaori , Hiratani Ichiro , Kuraku Shigehiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHi-C, a derivative of chromosome conformation capture (3C) targeting the whole genome, was originally developed as a means for characterizing chromatin conformation. More recently, this method has also been frequently employed in elongating nucleotide sequences obtained by de novo genome sequencing and assembly, in which the number of resultant sequences rarely converge into the chromosome number. Despite the prevailing and irreplaceable use, sample preparation methods for Hi-C have not been intensively discussed, especially from the standpoint of genome scaffolding.ResultsTo gain insights into the best practice of Hi-C scaffolding, we performed a multifaceted methodological comparison using vertebrate samples and optimized various factors during sample preparation, sequencing, and computation. As a result, we have identified some key factors that help improve Hi-C scaffolding including the choice and preparation of tissues, library preparation conditions, and restriction enzyme(s), as well as the choice of scaffolding program and its usage.ConclusionsThis study provides the first comparison of multiple sample preparation kits/protocols and computational programs for Hi-C scaffolding, by an academic third party. We introduce a customized protocol designated the ‘inexpensive and controllable Hi-C (iconHi-C) protocol’, in which the optimal conditions revealed by this study have been incorporated, and release the resultant chromosome-scale genome assembly of the Chinese softshell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis.
Light-regulated collective contractility in a multicellular choanoflagellate
Authors: Brunet Thibaut , Larson Ben T. , Linden Tess A. , Vermeij Mark J. A. , McDonald Kent , King Nicole 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCollective cell contractions that generate global tissue deformations are a signature feature of animal movement and morphogenesis. Nonetheless, the ancestry of collective contractility in animals remains mysterious. While surveying the Caribbean island of Curaçao for choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, we isolated a previously undescribed species (here namedChoanoeca flexasp. nov.), that forms multicellular cup-shaped colonies. The colonies rapidly invert their curvature in response to changing light levels, which they detect through a rhodopsin-cGMP pathway. Inversion requires actomyosin-mediated apical contractility and allows alternation between feeding and swimming behavior.C. flexathus rapidly converts sensory inputs directly into multicellular contractions. In this respect, it may inform reconstructions of hypothesized animal ancestors that existed before the evolution of specialized sensory and contractile cells.One Sentence SummaryA newly described choanoflagellate species forms cup-shaped colonies that reversibly invert their curvature in response to light.
Impact of age-specific immunity on the timing and burden of the next Zika virus outbreak
Authors: Counotte Michel J. , Althaus Christian L. , Low Nicola , Riou Julien 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe 2015–2017 epidemics of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas caused widespread protective immunity. The timing and burden of the next Zika virus outbreak remains unclear. We used an agent-based model to simulate the dynamics of age-specific immunity to ZIKV, and predict the future age-specific risk using data from Managua, Nicaragua. We also investigated the potential impact of a ZIKV vaccine. Assuming lifelong immunity, the risk of a ZIKV outbreak will remain low until 2035 and rise above 50% in 2047. The imbalance in age-specific immunity implies that people in the 15–29 age range will be at highest risk of infection during the next ZIKV outbreak, increasing the expected number of congenital abnormalities. ZIKV vaccine development and licensure are urgent to attain the maximum benefit in reducing the population-level risk of infection and the risk of adverse congenital outcomes. This urgency increases if immunity is not lifelong.
Transcriptome dynamics predict thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Jovic Katharina , Grilli Jacopo , Sterken Mark G. , Snoek Basten L. , Riksen Joost A. G. , Allesina Stefano , Kammenga Jan E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe detrimental effects of a short bout of stress can persist, and potentially turn lethal, long after the return to normal conditions. Thermotolerance, which is the capacity of an organism to withstand relatively extreme temperatures, is influenced by the response during stress exposure, as well as the recovery process afterwards. While heat-shock response mechanisms have been studied intensively, predicting thermal tolerance remains a challenge.ResultsHere, we use the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to measure transcriptional resilience to heat stress and predict thermotolerance. Using high dimensionality reduction techniques in combination with genome-wide gene expression profiles collected in three high resolution time-series during control, heat stress and recovery conditions, we infer a quantitative scale capturing the extent of stress-induced transcriptome dynamics in a single value. This scale provides a basis for evaluating transcriptome resilience, defined here as the ability to depart from stress-expression dynamics during recovery. Independent replication across multiple highly divergent genotypes reveals that the transcriptional resilience parameter measured after a spike in temperature is quantitatively linked to long-term survival after heat stress.ConclusionOur findings imply that thermotolerance is an intrinsic property that pre-determines long term outcome of stress and can be predicted by the transcriptional resilience parameter. Inferring the transcriptional resilience parameters of higher organisms could aid in evaluating rehabilitation strategies after stresses such as disease and trauma.
The Role of Adaptation in Generating Monotonic Rate Codes in Auditory Cortex
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon , Wang Xiaoqin , Bendor Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn primary auditory cortex, slowly repeated acoustic events are represented temporally by phase-locked activity of single neurons. Single-unit studies in awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have shown that a sub-population of these neurons also monotonically increase or decrease their average discharge rate during stimulus presentation for higher repetition rates. Building on a computational single-neuron model that generates phase-locked responses with stimulus evoked excitation followed by strong inhibition, we find that stimulus-evoked short-term depression is sufficient to produce synchronized monotonic positive and negative responses to slowly repeated stimuli. By exploring model robustness and comparing it to other models for adaptation to such stimuli, we conclude that short-term depression best explains our observations in single-unit recordings in awake marmosets. Using this model, we emulated how single neurons could encode and decode multiple aspects of an acoustic stimuli with the monotonic positive and negative encoding of a given stimulus feature. Together, our results show that a simple biophysical mechanism in single neurons can allow a more complex encoding and decoding of acoustic stimuli.
Canonical Wnt pathway controls mESCs self-renewal through inhibition of spontaneous differentiation via β-catenin/TCF/LEF functions
Authors: Aulicino Francesco , Sottile Francesco , Pedone Elisa , Lluis Frederic , Marucci Lucia , Cosma Maria Pia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is a key regulator of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Constitutive activation of this pathway has been shown to significantly increase mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) self-renewal and pluripotency marker expression. In this study, we generated a novel β-catenin knock-out model in mESCs by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to delete putatively functional N-terminally truncated isoforms observed in previous knock-out models. While we showed that aberrant N-terminally truncated isoforms are not functional in mESCS, we observed that canonical Wnt signalling is not active in mESCs, as β-catenin ablation does not alter mESC transcriptional profile in LIF-enriched culture conditions; on the other hand, Wnt signalling activation represses mESC spontaneous differentiation. We also showed that transcriptionally silent β-catenin (ΔC) isoforms can rescue β-catenin knock-out self-renewal defects in mESCs, cooperating with TCF1 and LEF1 in the inhibition of mESC spontaneous differentiation in a Gsk3 dependent manner.
Effect of adiposity on leukocyte telomere length in US adults by race/ethnicity: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Davis Sharon K. , Xu Ruihua , Khan Rumana J. , Gaye Amadou , Liu Yie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with telomere attrition – a marker of cellular and biological aging. The US has the highest proportion of obesity and is comprised of a racially/ethnic diverse population. Little is known about the relationship between obesity and telomere attrition according to race/ethnicity in the US. Our objective is to examine the differential association.Design and settingThe effect of body mass index (BMI), % total body fat (TBF) and waist circumference (WC) on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) were examined as adiposity measures according to race/ethnicity and sex specific race/ethnicity using separate adjusted linear regressions on a sample of 4,919 respondents aged 20-84 years from cross-sectional 1999-2002 data using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mediation analyses assessed health behaviors associated with relationship between adiposity measures and LTL.Main outcome measureLTLResultsAfrican Americans (AA) experienced a 28% and 11% decrease in LTL associated with increasing BMI and WC, (p=.02 and .03) respectively. Mexican Americans (MA) experienced a 33% decrease in LTL associated with increasing %TBF (p=.04). Whites experienced a 19%, 23%, and .08% decrease in LTL associated with increasing BMI, %TBF, and WC, (p=.05, .003, .02) respectively. White men experienced a 26% decrease in LTL due to increasing BMI (p=.05). AA women experienced a 41%, 44%, and 16% decrease in LTL due to increasing BMI, %TBF, and WC, respectively (p=.007, .02, .04). White women experienced a 29% decrease in LTL associated with increasing %TBF (p=.006). Selected health behaviors were associated with the relationship between adiposity measures and LTL.ConclusionOverall, AA and Whites have worse cellular and biological aging related to collective adiposity measures. According to sex, AA women experienced more deleterious cellular and biological aging. Findings suggest tailored interventions to improve adverse behaviors that contribute to obesity may improve telomere attrition in US adults.
Decoding neural responses to motion-in-depth using EEG
Authors: Himmelberg Marc M. , Segala Federico G. , Maloney Ryan T. , Harris Julie M. , Wade Alex R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo stereoscopic cues that underlie the perception of motion-in-depth (MID) are changes in retinal disparity over time (CD) and interocular velocity differences (IOVD). These cues have independent spatiotemporal sensitivity profiles, depend upon different low-level stimulus properties, and are potentially processed along separate cortical pathways. Here, we ask whether these MID cues code for different motion directions: do they give rise to discriminable patterns of neural signals, and is there evidence for their convergence onto a single ‘motion-in-depth’ pathway? To answer this, we use a decoding algorithm to test whether, and when, patterns of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals measured from across the full scalp, generated in response to CD- and IOVD-isolating stimuli moving towards or away in depth can be distinguished. We find that both MID cue type and 3D-motion direction can be decoded at different points in the EEG timecourse and that direction decoding cannot be accounted for by static disparity information. Remarkably, we find evidence for late processing convergence: IOVD motion direction can be decoded relatively late in the timecourse based on a decoder trained on CD stimuli, and vice versa. We conclude that early CD and IOVD direction decoding performance is dependent upon fundamentally different low-level stimulus features, but that later stages of decoding performance may be driven by a central, shared pathway that is agnostic to these features. Overall, these data are the first to show that neural responses to CD and IOVD cues that move towards and away in depth can be decoded from EEG signals, and that different aspects of MID-cues contribute to decoding performance at different points along the EEG timecourse.
Functional characterization of RNase H1 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kuciński Jan , Kmera Aleksandra , Rowley M. Jordan , Khurana Pragya , Nowotny Marcin , Wierzbicki Andrzej T. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRNase H1 is an endonuclease specific towards RNA:DNA hybrids. Members of this protein family are present in most living organisms and are essential for removing RNA that base pairs with DNA. It prevents detrimental effects of RNA:DNA hybrids and is involved in several biological processes. We show that Arabidopsis thaliana contains four RNase H1-like proteins originating from two gene duplication events and alternative splicing. These proteins have the canonical RNase H1 activity, which requires at least four ribonucleotides for activity. Two of those proteins are nuclear, one is localized to mitochondria and one to plastids. While the nuclear RNases H1 are dispensable, the presence of at least one organellar RNase H1 is required for embryonic development. The plastid protein RNH1C affects plastid DNA copy number and sensitivity to hydroxyurea. This indicates that three genomes present in each plant cell are served by at least one specialized RNase H1 protein.
The conspicuousness of the toxicHeliconiusbutterflies across time and habitat
Authors: Dell’Aglio Denise Dalbosco , Troscianko Jolyon , Stevens Martin , McMillan W Owen , Jiggins Chris D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractForests are a mosaic of light spectra, and colour signal efficiency might change in different light environments. Local adaptation inHeliconiusbutterflies is linked to microhabitat use and the colourful wing colour patterns may be adapted for signalling in different light environments. These toxic butterflies exhibit conspicuous colours as a warning to predators that they should be avoided, but also find and choose potential mates based on colour signals. The two selection pressures of predation and mate preference are therefore acting together. Colour conspicuousness should show habitat-specific contrast for the butterflies, which would facilitate detection and species identification. On the other hand, selection for signal stability would be stronger in the avian visual system. In this study we analysed the contrast of twoHeliconiusmimicry rings in their natural habitats under varying degrees of forest fragmentation and light conditions. We used digital image analyses and mapped the bird and butterfly vision colour space in order to examine whether warning colours have greater contrast and if they transmit a consistent signal across time of the day and habitat in a tropical forest. We tested conspicuousness using opponent colour channels against a natural green background. For avian vision, colours are generally very stable through time and habitat. For butterfly vision, there is some evidence that species are more contrasting in their own habitats, where conspicuousness is higher for red and yellow bands in the border and for white in the forest. Light environment affectsHeliconiusbutterflies’ warning signal transmission to a higher degree through their own vision, but to a lesser degree through avian predator vision. This work provides insight into the use of colour signals in sexual and natural selection in the light of ecological adaptation.