bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling invasive ant species: a theoretical strategy for efficient monitoring in the early stage of invasion
Authors: Ujiyama Shumpei , Tsuji Kazuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInvasion by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, has destructive effects on native biodiversity, agriculture and public health. This ant’s aggressive foraging behaviour and high reproductive capability have enabled its establishment of wild populations in most regions into which it has been imported. An important aspect of eradication is thorough nest monitoring and destruction during early invasion to prevent range expansion. The question is: How intense must monitoring be on temporal and spatial scales to eradicate the fire ant? Assuming that the ant was introduced into a region and that monitoring was conducted immediately after nest detection in an effort to detect all other potentially established nests, we developed a mathematical model to investigate detection rates. Setting the monitoring limit to three years, the detection rate was maximized when monitoring was conducted shifting bait trap locations and setting them at intervals of 30 m for each monitoring. Monitoring should be conducted in a radius of at least 4 km around the source nest, or wider—depending on how late a nest is found. For ease of application, we also derived equations for finding the minimum bait interval required in an arbitrary ant species for thorough monitoring.
Genetic analyses in Lake Malawi cichlids identify new roles for Fgf signaling in scale shape variation
Authors: Albertson R. Craig , Kawasaki Kenta C. , Tetrault Emily R. , Powder Kara E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractElasmoid scales are the most common epithelial appendage among vertebrates, however an understanding of the genetic mechanisms that underlie variation in scale shape is lacking. Using an F2 mapping cross between morphologically distinct cichlid species, we identified >40 QTL for scale shape at different body positions. We show that while certain regions of the genome regulate variation in multiple scales, most are specific to scales at distinct positions. This suggests a degree of regional modularity in scale development. We also identified a single QTL for variation in scale shape disparity across the body. Finally, we screened a QTL hotspot for candidate loci, and identified the Fgf receptor fgfr1b as a prime target. Quantitative rtPCR and small molecule manipulation support a role for Fgf signaling in shaping cichlid scales. While Fgfs have previously been implicated in scale loss, these data reveal new roles for the pathway in scale shape variation.
Could the Use of Acoustic Reflexes Prior to Administering Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) Affect the Results of DPOAEs?
Authors: Garrette Rachel , Jones Alisha L. , Wilson Martha W. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether acoustic reflex threshold testing before administration of distortion product otoacoustic emissions can affect the results of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing using an automated protocol.MethodFifteen young adults with normal hearing ranging in age from 19 to 25 years participated in the study. All participants had clear external ear canals and normal Jerger Type A tympanograms and had passed a hearing screening. Testing was performed using the Interacoustics Titan acoustic reflex threshold and distortion product otoacoustic emissions protocol. Participants underwent baseline distortion product otoacoustic emissions.ResultsA paired-samplesttest was conducted for both the right and left ears to assess within-group differences between baseline distortion product otoacoustic emissions and repeated distortion product otoacoustic emissions measures. No significant differences were found in distortion product otoacoustic emission measures following administration of acoustic reflexes.ConclusionsThe use of a protocol when using an automated system that includes both acoustic reflexes and distortion product otoacoustic emissions is important. Overall, presentation of acoustic reflexes prior to measuring distortion product otoacoustic emission did not affect distortion product otoacoustic emission results; therefore, test sequence can be modified as needed.
Let's Be Explicit About the Psycholinguistic Bases of Developmental Measures: A Response to Leonard, Haebig, Deevy, and Brown (2017)
Authors: Rispoli Matthew , Hadley Pamela A. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this letter is to clarify the psycholinguistic underpinnings of the tense marker total and tense agreement productivity score and to extend the discussion of when composite diversity and productivity measures are best used.

Conclusion
We encourage the use of composite diversity and productivity measures when assessing grammar early in development, but we discourage the use of composite accuracy measures until children demonstrate emergence of diverse tense/agreement morphemes across a sufficient number of low-frequency sentence frames.
Reoperations on Thoracic Aorta and Aortic Root: Surgical Technique and Pitfalls
Authors: Ramaiah Chand 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRepeat operations involving the aortic root, ascending aorta, and arch (proximal aorta) are technically challenging. These procedures are associated with higher operative mortality and morbidity. A dedicated surgical team with special skill set is essential to manage these complex patients. Redo root and proximal aortic procedures can be done with acceptable risk in most patients with attention to details involving the surgical procedure, patient selection, and perioperative management.
Kardioanästhesie: Monitoring der Gerinnung und Gerinnungstherapie
Authors: Bein Berthold , Schiewe Robert 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Transfusion von allogenen Blutprodukten ist mit einer Erhöhung der perioperativen Morbidität und Letalität assoziiert. Störungen der Hämostase sind insbesondere bei kardiochirurgischen Patienten häufig anzutreffen und können zu transfusionspflichtigen Blutungen führen. Eine zielgerichtete Therapie der häufig komplexen Gerinnungsstörungen erfordert eine differenzierte Diagnostik.
Kasuistik: Metamizol-induzierte Agranulozytose
Authors: Gonnert Falk , Meißner Winfried 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungMetamizol hat insgesamt ein günstiges Nebenwirkungsprofil – aber es birgt ein höheres Risiko einer medikamenteninduzierten Agranulozytose als andere Schmerzmittel und darf daher nicht unkritisch eingesetzt werden. Dieser Beitrag berichtet von einem Patienten, der nach prothetischem Hüftersatz eine medikamenteninduzierte Agranulozytose – mutmaßlich durch Metamizol – entwickelt und trotz maximaler Therapie im septischen Schock verstirbt.
Does Index Insurance Crowd In or Crowd Out Informal Risk Sharing? Evidence from Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Takahashi Kazushi , Barrett Christopher B. , Ikegami Munenobu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe study how the introduction of a formal index insurance product affects informal risk‐sharing among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia. Using detailed social networks data, randomized incentives to purchase the insurance product, and hypothetical informal transfer data that mirror the existing customary arrangements, we find respondents’ own formal insurance uptake has no significant effect on their willingness to share risk through customary institutions. We also find weak evidence that a randomly matched peer's insurance uptake positively influences respondents’ willingness to make informal transfers to that match. Overall, our results imply that in this context index insurance does not crowd out informal risk‐sharing mediated by social networks.
Phenylephrine Infusion: Driving a Wedge in Our Practice of Left Uterine Displacement?
Authors: Farber M.K. , Bateman B.T. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesthesiology. 2017;127(2):212–214)
Reported in up to 95% of healthy women, maternal hypotension is very common after spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery when no prophylactic therapy is used. Both mechanical prophylaxis (tilting or wedging) and pharmacologic prophylaxis are recommended to prevent hypotension following a neuraxial anesthetic. Left uterine displacement, using either a pelvic wedge or lateral table adjustment, is widely used during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia to prevent hypotension related to aortocaval compression.
Aortocaval Compression Syndrome: Time to Revisit Certain Dogmas
Authors: Lee A.J. , Landau R. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2017;125(6):1975–1985)
A fundamental principle in the management of pregnant women has been the avoidance of the supine position in late pregnancy to prevent aortocaval compression (ACC) by the gravid uterus. However, this principle is based on studies designed over 70 years ago. In this review, the authors addressed the body of literature that has accumulated since the 1920s regarding ACC by the gravid uterus and proposed a critical reappraisal of common beliefs.
The CAPS Study: Incidence, Management and Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy in the UK: A Prospective, Descriptive Study
Authors: Beckett V.A. , Knight M. , Sharpe P. 
Published: May 2018

(BJOG. 2017;124(9):1374–1381)
It is estimated that cardiac arrest in pregnancy occurs in about 1 in 30,000 pregnancies, and it is crucial that rapid delivery for maternal benefit occur in these cases. Performing a perimortem cesarean section (PMCS) within 5 minutes of cardiac arrest minimizes the risk of maternal neurological damage from cerebral anoxia and emptying the uterus in maternal cardiac arrest can result in rapid improvement, with a return to spontaneous circulation and a chance of neonatal survival. However, there is a lack of prospective data to evaluate the timing of this intervention in practice and in relation to outcomes. The present study used the United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) to identify cases of cardiac arrest and details of associated PMCS in the United Kingdom from July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2014 in order to estimate the incidence of maternal cardiac arrest, describe the management of cardiac arrest during pregnancy, and report fetal outcome data.
Estimating the Hospital Delivery Costs Associated With Severe Maternal Morbidity in New York City, 2008-2012.
Authors: Howland R.E. , Angley M. , Won S.H. , Wilcox W. , Searing H. , Tsao T.Y. 
Published: May 2018

(Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(2):242–252)
Rates of maternal morbidity and mortality have been increasing in the United States over the past decade. However, there is minimal information regarding the economic burden associated with these events, which include blood transfusion, hysterectomy, disseminated intravascular coagulation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and acute renal failure. In the present study, to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of current interventions, the authors quantified the average and total hospital costs associated with severe maternal morbidity over a 5-year period within the 5 boroughs of New York City.
Short-term Costs of Preeclampsia to the United States Health Care System
Authors: Stevens W. , Shih T. , Incerti D. , Ton T.G.N. , Lee H.C. , Peneva D. , Macones G.A. , Sibai B.M. , Jena A.B. 
Published: May 2018

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(3):237–248.e16)
The prevalence of preeclampsia has risen over the past 30 years, in part due to increasing maternal age and the increasing rate of obesity in the United States. Preeclampsia is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity, mortality and many adverse outcomes. This study aimed to explore the extent of the annual health and cost burden of preeclampsia in the United States in 2012.
Informed Consent and Refusal in Obstetrics: A Practical Ethical Guide
Authors: Kotaska A. 
Published: May 2018

(Birth. 2017;44(3):195–199)
When women refuse their provider’s advice, it can cause ethical tension and compromise care. Caregivers may believe they are legally or ethically liable when women decline recommended treatment. This article examined the ethical and legal basis of informed consent in order to build trust between patients and providers and minimize risk in these situations.
Pregnancy Outcomes After Liver Transplantation in Finland
Authors: Mattila M. , Kemppainen H. , Isoniemi H. , Polo-Kantola P. 
Published: May 2018

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(9):1106–1111)
There are limited data on pregnancy following liver transplant (LT). Immunosuppression is needed for the rest of a patient’s life after LT. Immunosuppressive drugs can include cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil; these can be problematic during pregnancy due to potential hypertensive and nephrotoxic effects. Pregnancy after LT is possible, but there is an increased risk of complications such as fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and preeclampsia. This study reported on pregnancy outcomes in women in Finland who had undergone LT.
Contribution of Maternal Age and Pregnancy Checkbox on Maternal Mortality Ratios in the United States, 1978-2012
Authors: Davis N.L. , Hoyert D.L. , Goodman D.A. , Hirai A.H. , Callaghan W.M. 
Published: May 2018

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(3):352.e1–352.e7)
The United States has seen a rise in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in the past decade, one of only 8 countries to do so. Three possible reasons for this include: an increasing maternal age and therefore increase in higher-risk pregnancies, changes in age-specific MMRs, and the inclusion of a checkbox about recent pregnancy status on death certificates. This checkbox was introduced in 2003 but was not adopted by all states, and was adopted by different states at different times, with various wording. This study aimed to assess whether the change in MMR was caused by a change in the general population or by shifts in maternal age distribution, while also assessing whether some of the increase in MMR could be attributed to the adoption of the pregnancy checkbox.
Urgency of Caesarean Section, Grading, Alarm Chain and Intrauterine Resuscitation: A Survey of Scandinavian Practice
Authors: Wildgaard K. , Ismaiel M. , Hetmann F. 
Published: May 2018

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018;62(2):167–176)
In urgent cesarean sections (CS), time to delivery is essential for maternal and fetal outcomes. Therefore, a 4-point classification system (Lucas classification) to recognize the urgency of CS is often used to streamline communication. However, nationwide guidelines for urgent CS vary across Scandinavia, and data regarding intrauterine resuscitation, organizational factors, and auditable decision-to-delivery intervals (DDI) have not been investigated in Scandinavian countries. The authors of the present study surveyed Scandinavian anesthesiologists practicing obstetric anesthesia, to establish a consensus on current clinical practice guidelines for emergency CS.
Outcomes of a Coaching-based WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Program in India
Authors: Semrau K.E.A. , Hirschhorn L.R. , Marx Delaney M. , Singh V.P. , Saurastri R. , Sharma N. , Tuller D.E. , Firestone R. , Lipsitz S. , Dhingra-Kumar N. , Kodkany B.S. , Kumar V. , Gawande A.A. 
Published: May 2018

(N Engl J Med. 2017;377(24):2313–2324)
The Safe Childbirth Checklist, created by the World Health Organization, is a practical tool encompassing a bundle of 28 essential birth practices. In the present study, the authors performed a large cluster-randomized trial of the BetterBirth program, which involves a coaching-based implementation of this checklist, to determine whether or not facility-based birth adherence to this checklist improved evidence-based care. The authors hypothesized that, if implemented at the cluster level, the intervention would reduce the composite outcome of stillbirth, early neonatal death, maternal death, or maternal severe complications during postpartum days 0 to 7.
Trends in Operative Vaginal Delivery, 2005-2013: A Population-based Study
Authors: Merriam A.A. , Ananth C.V. , Wright J.D. , Siddiq Z. , D’Alton M.E. , Friedman A.M. 
Published: May 2018

(BJOG. 2017;124(9):1365–1372)
Operative vaginal delivery, using forceps or vacuum extraction during the second stage of labor, is an important labor management option. Indications for the use of an operative vaginal delivery include situations where it is beneficial to shorten the second stage of labor, such as a concerning fetal heart rate tracing, certain maternal medical conditions, and maternal exhaustion. The use of operative vaginal delivery in the United States, particularly forceps deliveries, has declined recently. As a result, concerns have been raised that obstetric residents currently being trained may not develop adequate skills to perform operative vaginal deliveries in their practices. In this retrospective population-based study of US births from 2005 to 2013, researchers evaluated the use of forceps and vacuum devices in live-born, nonanomalous singleton births from ≥36 to <42 weeks gestation.
Establishing Obstetric Anesthesiology Practice Guidelines in the Republic of Armenia: A Global Health Collaboration
Authors: Yuill G. , Amroyan A. , Millar S. , Vardapetyan E. , Habib A.S. , Owen M.D. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesthesiology. 2017;127(2):220–226)
Clinical practice guidelines are developed using current literature and/or expert opinion in a specific field for the purpose of enhancing quality, safety and patient satisfaction. Guidelines in high-income countries may differ from those of low-to-middle income countries as there may be differences in provider training and availability, infrastructure and resources. In low-to-middle income countries, guidelines are best developed by local practitioners. This report was based on the process of developing national obstetric anesthesia practice guidelines in the Republic of Armenia as the result of a global partnership.
Preeclampsia: Novel Insights From Global RNA Profiling of Trophoblast Subpopulations
Authors: Gormley M. , Ona K. , Kapidzic M. , Garrido-Gomez T. , Zdravkovic T. , Fisher S.J. 
Published: May 2018

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(2):200.e1–200.e17)
Preeclampsia is associated with defects in deep placentation, a characteristic shared with other obstetric syndromes like preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, late spontaneous abortion, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and placental abruption. This study used a laser microdissection approach to placentas from severe (and early onset) preeclampsia (sPE) pregnancies to allow for the transcriptional profiling of specific trophoblast subpopulations, including invasive cytotrophoblasts (iCTBs), syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs), and endovascular cytotrophoblasts. Researchers theorized that new insights into the role of these cells in preeclampsia pathogenesis would be revealed using transcriptomic analyses of the trophoblast subpopulations.
Maternal Salvage With Extracorporeal Life Support: Lessons Learned in a Single Center
Authors: Biderman P. , Carmi U. , Setton E. , Fainblut M. , Bachar O. , Einav S. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2017;125(4):1275–1280)
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been used in severe cases of maternal H1N1 infection, cardiogenic shock, massive pulmonary embolism, and peripartum hemorrhage. However, although the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology (SOAP) suggested ECLS as an appropriate therapy for maternal salvage, the American Heart Association did not endorse the SOAP recommendation at that time due to the lack of cohort data on maternal outcome. Currently, cohort data are available. The authors of the present study contributed to this data and described a consecutive cohort of 11 women placed on ECLS for salvage due to maternal death/near-demise during pregnancy and the peripartum period.
Recovery From Ropivacaine-induced or Levobupivacaine-induced Cardiac Arrest in Rats: Comparison of Lipid Emulsion Effects
Authors: Yoshimoto M. , Horiguchi T. , Kimura T. , Nishikawa T. 
Published: May 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1496–1502)
Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are 2 pure left-handed enantiomers that have less potential for central nervous system and cardiovascular system toxicity than bupivacaine. However, the potential for systemic toxicity still exists; comparative studies have found that a larger dose of ropivacaine than levobupivacaine is required to produce cardiac collapse in animal models. Intravenous lipid emulsion is a potential rescue therapy. As comparisons of lipid emulsion therapy between levobupivacaine-induced and ropivacaine-induced cardiac arrest have not been reported, the authors of the present study evaluated the difference in efficacy of this rescue therapy to treat cardiac arrest induced by these local anesthetics in awake rats.
Pressure Waveforms to Assess Epidural Placement: Is there a Role on Delivery Suite?
Authors: McKendry R.A. , Muchatuta N.A. 
Published: May 2018

(Anaesthesia. 2017;72:811–825)
Reliable and timely administration of epidural analgesia during labor is a major goal for both parturients and anesthesiologists. Although maternal anatomy sometimes contributes to epidural failures, the incorrect placement of the epidural catheter is the major contributor to failed epidural labor analgesia. The “loss of resistance” technique is the most common method used to identify the epidural space, but it lacks specificity as advancement through other tissues may also provide what is often referred to as a “false loss of resistance.” Ultrasound can aid with insertion of the needle during epidural placement by calculating an estimated distance to the epidural space and guiding the correct puncture site and needle angulation. Dural puncture epidural, where a dural perforation is created with a spinal needle placed through an epidural needle to ensure the correct positioning of the epidural needle-tip in the epidural space, has been shown in some studies to provide better analgesia. Epidural test doses are also used to ensure successful epidural placement in obstetrics, but the lack of real-time feedback limits the usefulness of this method. Although CT fluoroscopy is useful for the placement and confirmation of epidural catheter tip position, the equipment and radiation exposure considerations do not allow its use in obstetrics.
Immediate Postpartum Neurological Deficits in the Lower Extremity: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Richards A. , McLaren T. , Paech M.J. , Nathan E.A. , Beattie E. , McDonnell N. 
Published: May 2018

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2017;31:5–1)
Minor and transient neurological deficits following childbirth have been reported in the literature with an incidence between 1 in 100 and 1 in 500. Most are obstetric palsies involving the lumbar nerve roots and sacral plexus. While a retrospective study reported an association between neuraxial blocks and transient postpartum neurological deficits, a large prospective study did not find an association. Overall, data regarding transient neurological deficits associated with childbirth are limited. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to quantify postpartum neurological deficits as well as delineate the types of deficits that occur.
Predictive Factors of Maternal Hypothermia During Cesarean Delivery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Desgranges F.P. , Bapteste L. , Riffard C. , Pop M. , Cogniat B. , Gagey A.C. , Boucher P. , Bonnard C. , Paturel B. , Mullet C. , Chassard D. , Bouvet L. 
Published: May 2018

(Can J Anaesth. 2017;64(9):919–927)
Active warming techniques can lessen the incidence of perioperative maternal hypothermia during cesarean delivery (CD), preventing adverse events like wound infection or intraoperative blood loss. Despite wide availability, however, these active warming devices are used in fewer than 20% of units performing CD. Several preoperative and/or intraoperative factors may contribute to maternal hypothermia. This study aims to identify those predictors in order to help prevent maternal hypothermia during CD.