bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel reconfigurable microstrip fractal UWB antenna with six variable rejection frequency bands
Authors: Nemati Nasrin , Bemani Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new reconfigurable microstrip fractal ultra-wideband antenna with a capability of variable rejection frequency bands is presented. The main patch of this antenna has two modified C-shaped gaps. Also, on these c-shaped gaps, 10 ideal MEMS switches are used to produce band-notch frequencies at six different frequencies of: 5.4 GHz (5.2–5.5), 5.8 GHz (5.7–5.9), 6.1 GHz (5.9–6.3), 7 GHz (6.9–7.2), 7.9 GHz (7.7–8.1), and 8.4 GHz (8.2–8.6). This antenna is fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line and works in a wide bandwidth of 2.9–11 GHz. The antenna is designed and fabricated on an inexpensive substrate of FR4. Dimensions of the antenna are 31.2 × 38.4 mm. Measurement and simulation results are in good agreement.
Integrated pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) management in glufosinate-resistant soybean with a cover crop, narrow row widths, row-crop cultivation, and herbicide program
Authors: Hay Marshall M. , Dille J. Anita , Peterson Dallas E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSuccessful pigweed management requires an integrated strategy to delay the development of resistance to any single control tactic. Field trials were implemented during 2017 and 2018 in three counties in Kansas on dryland (limited rainfall, nonirrigated), glufosinate-resistant soybean. The objective was to assess pigweed control with combinations of a winter wheat cover crop (CC), three soybean row widths (76, 38, and 19 cm), row-crop cultivation 2.5 weeks after planting (WAP), and an herbicide program to develop integrated pigweed management recommendations. All combinations of the four components were assessed by 16 treatments. All treatments with the herbicide program resulted in excellent (>97%) pigweed control and were analyzed separately from the other components. Treatments containing row-crop cultivation reduced pigweed density and biomass 3 and 8 WAP in all locations compared with the 76-cm row width plus no CC treatment. CC impacts were mixed. In Riley County, Palmer amaranth density and biomass were reduced; in Reno County, no additional Palmer amaranth control was observed; in Franklin County, the CC had greater waterhemp density and biomass compared with the treatments containing no CC. Narrow row widths achieved the most consistent results of all cultural components when data were pooled across locations: Decreasing row widths from 76 to 38 cm resulted in a 23% reduction in pigweed biomass 8 WAP and decreasing row width from 38 to 19 cm achieved a 15% reduction. Row-crop cultivation should be incorporated where possible as a mechanical option to manage pigweed, and narrow row widths should be used to suppress late-season pigweed growth when feasible. Inconsistent pigweed control from CC was achieved and should be given special consideration before implementation. The integral use of these components with an herbicide program as a system should be recommended to achieve the best pigweed control and reduce the risk of developing herbicide resistance.
Factors influencing broadcast-herbicide control of huisache (Vachellia farnesiana)
Authors: Clayton Megan K. , Lyons Robert K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuisache is a major brush problem on native rangelands and pastures in South Texas. Although herbicide applications to foliage provide very high plant-kill levels, the same herbicides have not proven reliable when applied as broadcast ground or aerial foliar treatments. Aerial and ground broadcast herbicide foliar treatments were applied to 31 huisache sites. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured at a depth of 30 cm at the time of herbicide application. Cumulative rainfall before herbicide application was recorded. Across all aerial treatments, plant mortality was 69% for plants shorter than 2 m versus 40% for plants taller than 2 m. Across all aerial- and ground-treated sites, plants shorter than 2 m had an average 89% mortality when cumulative 2-wk rainfall was at least 50 mm, versus 72% mortality with cumulative rainfall less than 50 mm. Average plant mortality was 84% when 4-wk cumulative rainfall was at least 76 mm, versus 71% with rainfall less than 76 mm; and 85% when, on a dry-to-wet scale of 0 to 10, soil moisture measured at least 8, versus 71% when soil moisture measured less than 8. In a separate aerial trial, plant-mortality effects of spray droplet size (417, 630, and 800 µm) and spray volume (37.4 L ha−1 and 93.5 L ha−1) were replicated and tested at a single study site in 2014. Plant mortality was lowest for the 93.5 L ha−1 and 800 µm treatment. Plant mortality rates for other treatments were similar, demonstrating a greater importance of droplet size than spray volume. Targeting huisache trees shorter than 2 m, when cumulative rainfall has reached at least 50 mm or at least 76 mm 2 or 4 wk before application, respectively, as well as maintaining spray droplet sizes no larger than 630 µm can increase herbicide efficacy with foliar broadcast applications.
Estimation of Capillary Pressure in Unconventional Reservoirs Using Thermodynamic Analysis of Pore Images
Authors: Anbari Alimohammad , Lowry Evan , Piri Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnconventional reservoirs comprise a growing portion of producible reserves due to increasing knowledge of their nature as well as significant advances in production technology. The development of advanced pore‐scale modeling techniques presents potential for better estimation of reservoir flow characteristics including relative permeability, saturation distributions, and capillary pressure. Although pore‐scale network models take into account the pore throat connections and the appropriate fluid properties, highly simplified pore cross‐sectional shapes are still employed when estimating the threshold capillary pressure for fluid‐fluid displacements in each pore element. As a result, there is a growing need for more realistic threshold capillary pressure estimates generated using pore geometries that honor the real pore topology. To this end, a semianalytical model is presented that allows the prediction of threshold capillary pressure as well as the capillary pressure versus saturation relationship for piston‐like fluid displacements using images of unconventional reservoir rock samples. The model was validated on three different idealized pore geometries and compared against available analytical solutions, resulting in an error of less than 1% for all cases. The model was compared to experimental data using fluid occupancy maps obtained using an X‐ray nano‐CT scanner during an oil imbibition sequence into a miniature reservoir shale sample. The capillary pressure versus wetting phase saturation relationship was also determined for a 2‐D focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy image slice. The presented model shows promise for enabling more advanced pore‐scale modeling of shale rock.
Paleomagnetism and Paleosecular Variations From the Plio‐Pleistocene Golan Heights Volcanic Plateau, Israel
Authors: Behar Nicole , Shaar Ron , Tauxe Lisa , Asefaw Hanna , Ebert Yael , Heimann Ariel , Koppers Anthony A. P. , Ron Hagai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStatistical analysis of geomagnetic paleosecular variation (PSV) and time‐averaged field has been largely based on global compilations of paleomagnetic data from lava flows. These show different trends in the averaged inclination anomaly (ΔI) between the two hemispheres, with small positive (<2°) anomalies in midsouthern latitudes and large negative (> −5°) anomalies in midnorthern latitudes. To inspect the large ΔI between 20°N and 40°N we augment the global data with a new paleomagnetic data set from the Golan‐Heights (GH), a Plio‐Pleistocene volcanic plateau in northeast Israel, located at 32–33°N. The GH data set consists of 91 lava flows sites: 40 sites obtained in the 1990s and 51 obtained in this study. The chronology of the flows is constrained by 57 40Ar/39Ar ages: 39 from previous studies and 18 from this study, which together cover most of the GH plateau. We show that the 1990s data set might be affected by block rotations and does not fully sample PSV. The Plio‐Pleistocene pole (86.3°N, 120.8°E, N = 44, k = 25, α95 = 4.4°), calculated after applying selection criteria with Fisher precision parameter (k) ≥ 100 and number of specimens per site (n) ≥ 5 is consistent with a geocentric axial dipole field and shows smaller inclination anomaly (ΔI = −0.4°) than predicted by global compilations and PSV models. Reexamination of the inclination anomaly in the global compilation using different calculation methods and selection criteria suggests that inclination anomaly values are affected by (1) inclusion of poor quality data, (2) averaging data by latitude bins, and (3) the way the inclination anomaly is calculated.
Enhanced Energy Dissipation in the Equatorial Pycnocline by Wind‐Induced Internal Wave Activity
Authors: Natarov A. , Richards K. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerical experiments show that in a zonally symmetric model of a tropical ocean forced only by transient winds both inertia‐gravity wave activity and the energy dissipation rate have a pronounced maximum in the pycnocline close to the equator regardless of the latitudinal distribution of the energy input into the ocean's mixed layer. We consider a number of factors that determine the spatial distribution of mixing and find that equatorial enhancement is due to a combination of three factors: a stronger superinertial component of the wind forcing close to the equator, wave action convergence at turning latitudes for equatorially trapped waves, and nonlinear wave‐wave interactions between equatorially trapped waves. The most important factor is wave action convergence at turning latitudes.
Gut-associated IgA+ immune cells regulate obesity-related insulin resistance
Authors: Luck Helen , Khan Saad , Kim Justin H. , Copeland Julia K. , Revelo Xavier S. , Tsai Sue , Chakraborty Mainak , Cheng Kathleen , Tao Chan Yi , Nøhr Mark K. , Clemente-Casares Xavier , Perry Marie-Christine , Ghazarian Magar , Lei Helena , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Coburn Bryan , Okrainec Allan , Jackson Timothy , Poutanen Susan , Gaisano Herbert , Allard Johane P. , Guttman David S. , Conner Margaret E. , Winer Shawn , Winer Daniel A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe intestinal immune system is emerging as an important contributor to obesity-related insulin resistance, but the role of intestinal B cells in this context is unclear. Here, we show that high fat diet (HFD) feeding alters intestinal IgA+immune cells and that IgA is a critical immune regulator of glucose homeostasis. Obese mice have fewer IgA+immune cells and less secretory IgA and IgA-promoting immune mediators. HFD-fed IgA-deficient mice have dysfunctional glucose metabolism, a phenotype that can be recapitulated by adoptive transfer of intestinal-associated pan-B cells. Mechanistically, IgA is a crucial link that controls intestinal and adipose tissue inflammation, intestinal permeability, microbial encroachment and the composition of the intestinal microbiome during HFD. Current glucose-lowering therapies, including metformin, affect intestinal-related IgA+B cell populations in mice, while bariatric surgery regimen alters the level of fecal secretory IgA in humans. These findings identify intestinal IgA+immune cells as mucosal mediators of whole-body glucose regulation in diet-induced metabolic disease.
Genome-wide association analysis of self-reported daytime sleepiness identifies 42 loci that suggest biological subtypes
Authors: Wang Heming , Lane Jacqueline M. , Jones Samuel E. , Dashti Hassan S. , Ollila Hanna M. , Wood Andrew R. , van Hees Vincent T. , Brumpton Ben , Winsvold Bendik S. , Kantojärvi Katri , Palviainen Teemu , Cade Brian E. , Sofer Tamar , Song Yanwei , Patel Krunal , Anderson Simon G. , Bechtold David A. , Bowden Jack , Emsley Richard , Kyle Simon D. , Little Max A. , Loudon Andrew S. , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Purcell Shaun M. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Spiegelhalder Kai , Tyrrell Jessica , Zhu Xiaofeng , Hublin Christer , Kaprio Jaakko A. , Kristiansson Kati , Sulkava Sonja , Paunio Tiina , Hveem Kristian , Nielsen Jonas B. , Willer Cristen J. , Zwart John-Anker , Strand Linn B. , Frayling Timothy M. , Ray David , Lawlor Deborah A. , Rutter Martin K. , Weedon Michael N. , Redline Susan , Saxena Richa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) affects 10–20% of the population and is associated with substantial functional deficits. Here, we identify 42 loci for self-reported daytime sleepiness in GWAS of 452,071 individuals from the UK Biobank, with enrichment for genes expressed in brain tissues and in neuronal transmission pathways. We confirm the aggregate effect of a genetic risk score of 42 SNPs on daytime sleepiness in independent Scandinavian cohorts and on other sleep disorders (restless legs syndrome, insomnia) and sleep traits (duration, chronotype, accelerometer-derived sleep efficiency and daytime naps or inactivity). However, individual daytime sleepiness signals vary in their associations with objective short vs long sleep, and with markers of sleep continuity. The 42 sleepiness variants primarily cluster into two predominant composite biological subtypes - sleep propensity and sleep fragmentation. Shared genetic links are also seen with obesity, coronary heart disease, psychiatric diseases, cognitive traits and reproductive ageing.
Chromatin loops associated with active genes and heterochromatin shape rice genome architecture for transcriptional regulation
Authors: Zhao Lun , Wang Shuangqi , Cao Zhilin , Ouyang Weizhi , Zhang Qing , Xie Liang , Zheng Ruiqin , Guo Minrong , Ma Meng , Hu Zhe , Sung Wing-Kin , Zhang Qifa , Li Guoliang , Li Xingwang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInsight into high-resolution three-dimensional genome organization and its effect on transcription remains largely elusive in plants. Here, using a long-read ChIA-PET approach, we map H3K4me3- and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-associated promoter–promoter interactions and H3K9me2-marked heterochromatin interactions at nucleotide/gene resolution in rice. The chromatin architecture is separated into different independent spatial interacting modules with distinct transcriptional potential and covers approximately 82% of the genome. Compared to inactive modules, active modules possess the majority of active loop genes with higher density and contribute to most of the transcriptional activity in rice. In addition, promoter–promoter interacting genes tend to be transcribed cooperatively. In contrast, the heterochromatin-mediated loops form relative stable structure domains in chromatin configuration. Furthermore, we examine the impact of genetic variation on chromatin interactions and transcription and identify a spatial correlation between the genetic regulation of eQTLs and e-traits. Thus, our results reveal hierarchical and modular 3D genome architecture for transcriptional regulation in rice.
A glomerulus-on-a-chip to recapitulate the human glomerular filtration barrier
Authors: Petrosyan Astgik , Cravedi Paolo , Villani Valentina , Angeletti Andrea , Manrique Joaquin , Renieri Alessandra , De Filippo Roger E. , Perin Laura , Da Sacco Stefano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work we model the glomerular filtration barrier, the structure responsible for filtering the blood and preventing the loss of proteins, using human podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells seeded into microfluidic chips. In long-term cultures, cells maintain their morphology, form capillary-like structures and express slit diaphragm proteins. This system recapitulates functions and structure of the glomerulus, including permselectivity. When exposed to sera from patients with anti-podocyte autoantibodies, the chips show albuminuria proportional to patients’ proteinuria, phenomenon not observed with sera from healthy controls or individuals with primary podocyte defects. We also show its applicability for renal disease modeling and drug testing. A total of 2000 independent chips were analyzed, supporting high reproducibility and validation of the system for high-throughput screening of therapeutic compounds. The study of the patho-physiology of the glomerulus and identification of therapeutic targets are also feasible using this chip.
Dynamic beam steering with all-dielectric electro-optic III–V multiple-quantum-well metasurfaces
Authors: Wu Pin Chieh , Pala Ragip A. , Kafaie Shirmanesh Ghazaleh , Cheng Wen-Hui , Sokhoyan Ruzan , Grajower Meir , Alam Muhammad Z. , Lee Duhyun , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTunable metasurfaces enable dynamical control of the key constitutive properties of light at a subwavelength scale. To date, electrically tunable metasurfaces at near-infrared wavelengths have been realized using free carrier modulation, and switching of thermo-optical, liquid crystal and phase change media. However, the highest performance and lowest loss discrete optoelectronic modulators exploit the electro-optic effect in multiple-quantum-well heterostructures. Here, we report an all-dielectric active metasurface based on electro-optically tunable III–V multiple-quantum-wells patterned into subwavelength elements that each supports a hybrid Mie-guided mode resonance. The quantum-confined Stark effect actively modulates this volumetric hybrid resonance, and we observe a relative reflectance modulation of 270% and a phase shift from 0° to ~70°. Additionally, we demonstrate beam steering by applying an electrical bias to each element to actively change the metasurface period, an approach that can also realize tunable metalenses, active polarizers, and flat spatial light modulators.
Flavonoid intake is associated with lower mortality in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Cohort
Authors: Bondonno Nicola P. , Dalgaard Frederik , Kyrø Cecilie , Murray Kevin , Bondonno Catherine P. , Lewis Joshua R. , Croft Kevin D. , Gislason Gunnar , Scalbert Augustin , Cassidy Aedin , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Hodgson Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFlavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have been linked with health benefits. However, evidence from observational studies is incomplete; studies on cancer mortality are scarce and moderating effects of lifestyle risk factors for early mortality are unknown. In this prospective cohort study including 56,048 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort crosslinked with Danish nationwide registries and followed for 23 years, there are 14,083 deaths. A moderate habitual intake of flavonoids is inversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular- and cancer-related mortality. This strong association plateaus at intakes of approximately 500 mg/day. Furthermore, the inverse associations between total flavonoid intake and mortality outcomes are stronger and more linear in smokers than in non-smokers, as well as in heavy (>20 g/d) vs. low-moderate (<20 g/d) alcohol consumers. These findings highlight the potential to reduce mortality through recommendations to increase intakes of flavonoid-rich foods, particularly in smokers and high alcohol consumers.
Horse immunization with short-chain consensus α-neurotoxin generates antibodies against broad spectrum of elapid venomous species
Authors: de la Rosa Guillermo , Olvera Felipe , Archundia Irving G. , Lomonte Bruno , Alagón Alejandro , Corzo Gerardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntivenoms are fundamental in the therapy for snakebites. In elapid venoms, there are toxins, e.g. short-chain α-neurotoxins, which are quite abundant, highly toxic, and consequently play a major role in envenomation processes. The core problem is that such α-neurotoxins are weakly immunogenic, and many current elapid antivenoms show low reactivity towards them. We have previously developed a recombinant consensus short-chain α-neurotoxin (ScNtx) based on sequences from the most lethal elapid venoms from America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Here we report that an antivenom generated by immunizing horses with ScNtx can successfully neutralize the lethality of pure recombinant and native short-chain α-neurotoxins, as well as whole neurotoxic elapid venoms from diverse genera such as Micrurus, Dendroaspis, Naja, Walterinnesia, Ophiophagus and Hydrophis. These results provide a proof-of-principle for using recombinant proteins with rationally designed consensus sequences as universal immunogens for developing next-generation antivenoms with higher effectiveness and broader neutralizing capacity.
Nanosecond electron pulses in the analytical electron microscopy of a fast irreversible chemical reaction
Authors: Sinha Shyam K. , Khammari Amir , Picher Matthieu , Roulland Francois , Viart Nathalie , LaGrange Thomas , Banhart Florian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe show how the kinetics of a fast and irreversible chemical reaction in a nanocrystalline material at high temperature can be studied using nanosecond electron pulses in an electron microscope. Infrared laser pulses first heat a nanocrystalline oxide layer on a carbon film, then single nanosecond electron pulses allow imaging, electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. This enables us to study the evolution of the morphology, crystallography, and elemental composition of the system with nanosecond resolution. Here, NiO nanocrystals are reduced to elemental nickel within 5 µs after the laser pulse. At high temperatures induced by laser heating, reduction results first in a liquid nickel phase that crystallizes on microsecond timescales. We show that the reaction kinetics in the reduction of nanocrystalline NiO differ from those in bulk materials. The observation of liquid nickel as a transition phase explains why the reaction is first order and occurs at high rates.
Model based development of tacrolimus dosing algorithm considering CYP3A5 genotypes and mycophenolate mofetil drug interaction in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Han Nayoung , Kim Myeong Gyu , Kim Young Won , Jang Hayoung , Yun Hwi-Yeol , Yu Mi-Yeon , Kim In-Wha , Kim Yon Su , Oh Jung Mi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study quantifies the interaction between tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in kidney transplant recipients. Concentrations of TAC, mycophenolic acid (MPA), and metabolites were analyzed and relevant genotypes were determined from 32 patients. A population model was developed to estimate the effect of interaction. Concentrations of TAC were simulated in clinical scenarios and dose-adjusted trough concentrations per dose (C/D) were compared. Effect of interaction was described as the inverse exponential relationship. Major determinants of trough levels of TAC were CYP3A5 genotype and interaction with MPA. The absolute difference in C/D of TAC according to co-administered MMF was higher in CYP3A5 non-expressers (0.55 ng/mL) than in CYP3A5 expressers (0.35 ng/mL). The effect of MMF in determining the TAC exposure is more pronounced in CYP3A5 non-expressers. Based on population pharmacokinetic model, we suggest the TAC dosing algorithm considering the effects of CYP3A5 and MMF drug interaction in stable kidney transplant recipients.