bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concord and agreement features in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Winchester Lindley 
Published: August 2019

This squib proposes a split approach to adjectival agreement in Modern Standard Arabic in the Distributed Morphology framework and adds to an ongoing debate in the morphosyntactic literature regarding the location of agreement in grammar (Adger &amp; Harbour 2008; Polinsky 2016). Based on the distinctive distribution of gender/number features and definiteness/case features on attributive and predicative adjectives, I argue that gender and number features are agreement features that are manipulated in the syntax through Bidirectional Agree (Baker 2008; Baier 2015) while definiteness and case features are concord features shared through Morphological Feature Copying and AGR node insertion at PF (Norris 2014). In further discussion of case features, I show that case features may be valued either at PF for attributive adjectives, like definiteness features, or in the syntax via case assignment for predicative adjectives. As such, the analysis predicts the distribution of gender, number, definiteness, and case features on both predicative and attributive adjectives in Modern Standard Arabic. In doing so, it provides novel evidence in support for the division of agreement and concord features in language derivation.
Exercise-Based VRT Shows Benefits in Balance and Postural Stability in Adult Patients with Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
Authors: Angali Kambiz Ahmadi , Bayat Arash , Saki Nader , Mirmomeni Golshan 
Published: August 2019

Background and Objective: Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is an exercise-based program designed to improve balance function and alleviate problems related to dizziness, including vestibular hypofunction. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of VRT exercises on balance function in adults with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH).
Methods: Thirty-one patients (mean age: 39.48 (±10.96) years old) with confirmed UVH participated in this study. The VRT program consisted of habituation and adaptation exercises in combination with gait and balance exercises. The handicapping influences of dizziness were measured with a dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) scale to measure the level of respondent’s performance on physical, emotional, and functional dimensions. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was also used to rate the severity of dizziness symptoms. The DHI and VAS scales were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention at one, two, and four weeks follow-ups after the last rehabilitation session.
Results: An analysis of variance showed a significant reduction and a consequent improvement in DHI scores after vestibular exercises in all domains: emotional, physical and functional (p < 0.001). The mean total DHI score significantly decreased by 15 points after one week, 24 points after two weeks and 15 points after four weeks of the last VRT session. The mean baseline VAS score was 7.71 (±0.91) that significantly decreased at one, two, and four weeks post-intervention to 4.81 (±0.73), 3.77 (±0.61), and 3.16 (±0.97), respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The exercise-based VRT shows benefits for adult patients with chronic dizziness concerning improvement in the vertigo symptom scale, fall risk, balance and emotional status.
Pangenomic type III effector database of the plant pathogenicRalstoniaspp.
Authors: Sabbagh Cyrus Raja Rubenstein , Carrere Sebastien , Lonjon Fabien , Vailleau Fabienne , Macho Alberto P. , Genin Stephane , Peeters Nemo 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe bacterial plant pathogenicRalstoniaspecies belong to the beta-proteobacteria class and are soil-borne pathogens causing vascular bacterial wilt disease, affecting a wide range of plant hosts. These bacteria form a heterogeneous group considered as a “species complex” gathering three newly defined species. Like many other Gram negative plant pathogens,Ralstoniapathogenicity relies on a type III secretion system, enabling bacteria to secrete/inject a large repertoire of type III effectors into their plant host cells. Type III-secreted effectors (T3Es) are thought to participate in generating a favorable environment for the pathogen (countering plant immunity and modifying the host metabolism and physiology).MethodsExpert genome annotation, followed by specific type III-dependent secretion, allowed us to improve our Hidden-Markov-Model and Blast profiles for the prediction of type III effectors.ResultsWe curated the T3E repertoires of 12 plant pathogenicRalstoniastrains, representing a total of 12 strains spread over the different groups of the species complex. This generated a pangenome repertoire of 102 T3E genes and 16 hypothetical T3E genes. Using this database, we scanned for the presence of T3Es in the 155 available genomes representing 140 distinct plant pathogenicRalstoniastrains isolated from different host plants in different areas of the globe. All this information is presented in a searchable database. A presence/absence analysis, modulated by a strain sequence/gene annotation quality score, enabled us to redefine core and accessory T3E repertoires.
Nematicidal Effect of Some Botanical Extracts for the Management of Meloidogyne incognita and on Growth of Tomato
Authors: Oluwatayo J. I. , Jidere C. I. , Nwankiti A. 
Published: August 2019

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important and widely grown vegetable crop all over the world. Although tomato is nutritionally and economically important, its production is constrained by biotic and abiotic constraints leading to poor marketable quantity and quality worldwide. Root-knot nematodes are one of the major pests affecting tomato production worldwide, especially, in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Green house experiments were laid out in Complete Block Design (CBD) with a 3x7 factorial arrangement replicated three times carried out at the Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, University of Agriculture. The soil was sterilized before the experiment. Fresh leaves and seeds of Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas were washed with tap water, 15 g from each of leaves and seeds of the different botanicals was macerated separately in an electric blender at high speed for 4 minutes in 100 ml distilled water. The mixtures were passed through a Whatman filter paper number 1; the filtrates of the leaves/seeds were then collected. Three tomato varieties viz: Roma Vf, Rio Grande and UC82B were inoculated with approximately 5,000 freshly hatched second stage juvenile of Meloidogyne incognita, two weeks after transplanting. Thirty percent aqueous extract each of Castor, Moringa and Jatropha leaves and seeds was used, while double distilled water (0%) served as the control. Thirty ml of each leaf and seed aqueous extract was applied, 48 hours after inoculation as soil drench. Application was done at 1 weeks intervals thereafter for a period of 16 weeks. Data collected include number of fruits per plant, root gall index, nematode reproductive factor, and final nematode population. The results showed that various Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas leaves and seed extracts significantly (P<0.05) reduced root gall index, final population of M. incognita in the soil and nematode reproductive factor than the control. Application of the various treatments Moringa oleifera, Ricinus communis and Jatropha curcas led to significant increase in mean number of fruits and mean fruit weight yield of all the three tomato varieties. Therefore, the application of leaf and seed aqueous extracts of Moringa, Jatropha and Castor will serve as good alternative for the management of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.
Correlation between Ocular Axial Length and Body Mass Index in a Black Population
Authors: Aprioku I. N. , Ejimadu C. S. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To determine the correlation between Ocular axial length (AL) and body mass index (BMI) in a black population.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in Port Harcourt City LGA, Nigeria. Subjects were selected using multistage random sampling with inclusion criteria of Visual Acuity > 6/18, age greater than 18 years with no history of past ocular surgeries or trauma. Socio demographic data was obtained through an interviewer based structured proforma. Data obtained included age, sex, tribe, occupation and level of education. Weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured using a standard height and weight automated scale (SECA 769,220). Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Axial length (AL) was measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data obtained from one eye of the subjects were analyzed using SPSS (Version 17), and p value was set at ≤ 0.05.
Results: Four hundred and sixty six (466) subjects participated in the study made up of two hundred and twelve (212) males (45.5%) and two hundred and fifty four (254) females (54.5%) with M: F ratio of 1:1.2. The age range was 18-92 years and mean age of the subjects studied 43.0±14.2 years. Findings revealed mean AL, Body Mass Index, Height and Weight to be (23.2±1.0 mm), (26.9±6.2 kg/m2), (162.5±9 cm) and (70.5±14.8 kg) respectively. The mean AL was greater in males than females. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and axial length. There was a statistically significant relationship between height and AL in both gender with AL increasing by 0.035 mm (p=0.001, r=0.261) with one centimeter change in height in males and 0.025 mm (p=0.001, r=0.2680) in females and between AL and level of education (p=0.001). There was also a statistically significant (0.009 mm) increase in AL per one kilogramme change in weight in females (p=0.0001, r=0.188). Males had longer AL than females in all the BMI groups with a statistically significant difference found between the different BMI classes.
Conclusion: This study noted that although there is no statistically significant relationship between AL and BMI, there are significant relationships between AL and height and weight respectively. Estimated AL in mm= 16.91 + 0.039 (height in cm).
Effects of Diabetogenic Agent Streptozotocin on Hematological Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats “An Experimental Study”
Authors: Ali Akhtar , Shaheen Shehla , Memon Zahida , Agha Faiza , Shahid Moazzam Ali , Zahid Nisha 
Published: August 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus has remained the major concern for medical sciences researches due to its deleterious effects on general, physical and mental health of patients. To understand the pathophysiology and to explore better treatment options for such kind of metabolic disorders it is necessary to generate the experimental animal models. To create diabetic animal models, streptozotocin has shown predominance in selectivity as a diabetogenic agent. While studying effects of any intervention in the diabetic animal models, being a cytotoxic drug streptozotocin may affect the study results by inhibiting highly replicating cells especially hematopoietic cells.
Aims: The aim of study was to analyze the effects of streptozotocin on various cellular components of blood such as RBCs, WBCs (Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils), Hb%, HCT and Platelets, at baseline, 5th day and 15th day without any intervention.
Study Design: Animal based Experimental study.
Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted at animal house of faculty of Pharmacy Ziauddin University Karachi, while laboratory work was performed at MDRL-1 Ziauddin University.
Methodology: In Group A normal saline and in group B and C 60 mg / kg streptozotocin diluted in normal saline was administered intraperitoneally. After the confirmation of induction of Diabetes in rats, on fifth day blood samples were drawn from Group A and B and were analyzed. While blood samples from group C were drawn on fifteenth day.
Results: Analysis of various hematological parameters on 5th day revealed that there was a decrease in the levels of Hb, HCT, RBCs and WBCs with an increase in platelet count in group B in comparison to group A (control). On the other hand, in Group C (15th day), blood cell counts (Hb, HCT, RBCs, WBCs, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and platelets) seemed to recover from streptozotocin induced decline that was observed in group B, however did not reach the baselines as in group A(control).
Conclusion: It is concluded that change in hematological parameters of rats after administration of streptozotocin is reversible. The blood parameters may recover near to base line values without any intervention within two weeks.
Impact of Free Day Secondary Education Funding on Student Enrolment Kcse Academic Achievement in Gucha South Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: O. Maobe Fredrick , Bogonko Sorobea , Ondigi Benjamin 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To determine the impact of subsidized Free Day Secondary Education funding on student enrolment and Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) academic achievement in Gucha South schools.
Study Design: Descriptive survey research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Public day secondary schools in Gucha South Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya. Study was conducted during January 2016 to April 2016.
Methodology: A descriptive survey research design was used to collect data from public day secondary schools in Gucha South Sub-County. Study population comprised of 323 subjects: 35 principals, 280 teachers, one Sub-County Director of Education and 7 Zonal Quality and Standards Officers (ZQASOs) in the Sub-County. 30% of the study population subjects were randomly sampled to give 11 principals, 84 teachers, 2 ZQASOS and one Sub-County Director of Education (SCDE) hence a total of 98 respondents. Structured questionnaires and Interview schedules were used to collect data from the sampled respondents. Qualitative data collected from interviews and open-ended questions were analysed using meanings and implications coming from respondents. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency counts, means and percentages. Impact of the Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) funding on academic achievement was measured in the KCSE grading whereby a lower to higher level reflected a positive impact.
Results: Student enrollment rose from an average of 117 per school in 2008 to 212 in 2012. KCSE achievement improved over the years from a mean score of 3.25 in 2008 to 4.50 in 2012.
Conclusion: FDSE policy is a worthy initiative for it enhanced access to education, increased student enrollment as well as improved the academic achievement of learners through a positive deviation of the mean in KCSE from lower to upper grades.
Phase‐Modulated Scattering Manipulation for Exterior Cloaking in Metal–Dielectric Hybrid Metamaterials
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Li Chang , Fan Yuancheng , Yang Ruisheng , Shen Nian‐Hai , Fu Quanhong , Zhang Weihong , Zhao Qian , Zhou Ji , Koschny Thomas , Soukoulis Costas M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArtificially structured metamaterials with metallic or dielectric inclusions are extensively studied for exotic light manipulations via controlling the local‐resonant modes in the microstructures. The coupling between these resonant modes has drawn growing interest in recent years due to the advanced functional metamaterial making the microstructures more and more complex. Here, the suppression of magnetic resonance of a dielectric cuboid, an analogue to the scattering cancellation effect or radiation control system, realized with an exterior cloaking in a hybrid metamaterial system, is demonstrated. Furthermore, the significant modulation of the absorption of the dielectric resonator in the hybrid metamaterial is also demonstrated. The physical insight of the experimental results is well illuminated with a classical double‐harmonic‐oscillator model, from which it is revealed that the complex coupling, i.e., the phase of coupling coefficient, plays a crucial role in the overall response of the metal–dielectric hybrid system. The proposed design strategy is anticipated to form a more straightforward and efficient paradigm for practical applications based on radiation control via versatile mode couplings.
Photoredox Decarboxylative Alkylation/(2+2+1) Cycloaddition of 1,7‐Enynes: A Cascade Approach Towards Polycyclic Heterocycles Using N‐(Acyloxy)phthalimides as Radical Source
Authors: Correia José Tiago Menezes , Piva da Silva Gustavo , André Elias , Paixão Márcio Weber 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNo Abstractmagnified image
Catalyst‐free Decarboxylation and Decarboxylative Giese Additions of Alkyl Carboxylates through Photoactivation of Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex
Authors: Zheng Chao , Wang Guang‐Zu , Shang Rui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report herein a catalyst‐free method to perform decarboxylative conjugated addition and hydrodecarboxylation of aliphatic N‐(acyloxy)phthalimides (redox active esters, RAEs) through photoactivation of electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex with Hantzsch ester (HE) in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) solution. The reactions present a green method to decarboxylatively construct carbon‐carbon bond and to perform hydrodecarboxylation with broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance under mild blue light irradiation condition without recourse of popularly used photoredox catalysts.magnified image
Cardiorespiratory fitness and health‐related quality of life in adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the LabMed Physical Activity Study
Authors: Evaristo Olga S. , Moreira Carla , Lopes Luís , Abreu Sandra , Agostinis‐Sobrinho César , Oliveira‐Santos José , Oliveira André , Mota Jorge , Santos Rute 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of adolescents, and to determine whether changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with HRQoL over a 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsThis is a longitudinal analysis with 571 Portuguese adolescents (274 boys and 297 girls) aged 12‐18 years. HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen‐10 questionnaire; the 20 m shuttle‐run was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness; socioeconomic status was assessed with the Family Affluence Scale; and pubertal stage was assessed with Tanner stages. Linear regression and analysis of covariance (ancovas) were used to examine the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL.ResultsHRQoL decreased over a 2‐year period both in boys and girls (P < .05). Moreover, girls at baseline and at follow‐up reported significantly lower HRQoL values than boys (between subjects P < .001). After adjustments for potential confounders, regression analyses showed significant cross‐sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL both at baseline (B = 0.095; P = .023) and at follow‐up (B = 0.090; P = .012). ancova showed that adolescents whose cardiorespiratory fitness decreased over time exhibited lower scores of HRQoL at follow‐up, compared to those with persistent high cardiorespiratory fitness; this held after adjustments for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and pubertal stage.ConclusionsChanges in cardiorespiratory fitness during adolescence were associated with HRQoL over a 2‐year period. This study suggests that improving cardiorespiratory fitness could be an important strategy in improving the HRQoL of adolescents.
Boosting Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 at a Low Overpotential by Amorphous Ag‐Bi‐S‐O Decorated Bi0 Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhou Jun‐Hao , Yuan Kun , Zhou Liang , Guo Yu , Luo Ming‐Yu , Guo Xiao‐Yan , Meng Qing‐Yuan , Zhang Ya‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBimetal‐S‐O composites have been rarely researched in electrochemical reduction of CO2. Now, an amorphous Ag‐Bi‐S‐O decorated Bi0 catalyst derived from Ag0.95BiS0.75O3.1 nanorods by electrochemical pre‐treatment was used for catalyzing eCO2RR, which exhibited a formate FE of 94.3 % with a formate partial current density of 12.52 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 450 mV. This superior performance was attributed to the attached amorphous Ag‐Bi‐S‐O substance. S could be retained in the amorphous region after electrochemical pre‐treatment only in samples derived from metal‐S‐O composites, and it would greatly enhance the formate selectivity by accelerating the dissociation of H2O. The existence of Ag would increase the current density, resulting in a higher local pH, which made the role of S in activating H2O more significantly and suppressed H2 evolution more effectively, thus endowing the catalyst with a higher formate FE at low overpotentials.
4.5 V High‐Voltage Rechargeable Batteries Enabled by the Reduction of Polarization on the Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Yan Chong , Xu Rui , Qin Jin‐Lei , Yuan Hong , Xiao Ye , Xu Lei , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLithium metal is used to achieve high‐energy‐density batteries due to its large theoretical capacity and low negative electrochemical potential. The introduction of quasi‐solid electrolytes simultaneously overcomes the safety problems induced by the liquid electrolytes and the high interfacial resistance issues confronted by all solid‐state electrolytes. In‐depth investigations involving interfacial behaviors in quasi‐solid lithium metal batteries are inadequate. Herein an ultrathin Li3OCl quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte layer (500 nm thickness) is used to cover a lithium anode. The polarization of the anode is remarkably reduced by introducing the Li3OCl quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte. In contrast to the decomposition of solvents in a standard electrolyte (EC‐DEC,1.0 m LiPF6), the established quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte interfaces can significantly inhibit the decomposition of solvents when the cut‐off voltage is 4.5 V.
Exceptionally high molecular weight linear polyethylene by using N,N,N′‐Co catalysts appended with a N′‐2,6‐bis{di(4‐fluorophenyl)methyl}‐4‐nitrophenyl group
Authors: Zhang Randi , Ma Yanping , Han Mingyang , Solan Gregory A. , Pi Yaqing , Sun Yang , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: August 2019

The bis(arylimino)pyridines, 2‐[CMeN{2,6‐{(4‐FC6H4)2CH}2–4‐NO2}]‐6‐(CMeNAr)C5H3N (Ar = 2,6‐Me2C6H3 L1, 2,6‐Et2C6H3 L2, 2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3 L3, 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 L4, 2,6‐Et2–4‐MeC6H2 L5), each containing one N′‐2,6‐bis{di(4‐fluorophenyl)methyl}‐4‐nitrophenyl group, have been synthesized by two successive condensation reactions from 2,6‐diacetylpyridine. Their subsequent treatment with anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride gave the corresponding N,N,N′‐CoCl2 chelates, Co1 – Co5, in excellent yield. All five complexes have been characterized by 1H/19F NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis. In addition, the molecular structures of Co1 and Co3 have been determined and help to emphasize the differences in steric properties imposed by the inequivalent N‐aryl groups; distorted square pyramidal geometries are adopted by each complex. Upon activation with either methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), precatalyts Co1 – Co5 collectively exhibited very high activities for ethylene polymerization with 2,6‐dimethyl‐substituted Co1 the most active (up to 1.1 × 107 g (PE) mol−1 (Co) h−1); the MAO systems were generally more productive. Linear polyethylenes of exceptionally high molecular weight (Mw up to 1.3 × 106 g mol−1) were obtained in all cases with the range in dispersities exhibited using MAO as co‐catalyst noticeably narrower than with MMAO [Mw/Mn: 3.55–4.77 (Co1 – Co5/MAO) vs. 2.85–12.85 (Co1 – Co5/MMAO)]. Significantly, the molecular weights of the polymers generated using this class of cobalt catalyst are higher than any literature values reported to date using related N,N,N‐bis (arylimino)pyridine‐cobalt catalysts.