bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power, competition, and the nature of history
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHistorians have debated whether pathways and events from the past to the present are influenced largely by contingency, the dependence of outcomes on particular prior conditions, or whether there is long-term emergent directional change. Previous arguments for predictability in evolutionary history relied on the high frequency of convergence, but the repeated evolution of widely favored adaptations need not imply long-term directionality. Using evidence from the fossil record and arguments concerning the metabolic evolution of organisms, I show here that power (total energy taken up and expended per unit time) has increased stepwise over time at ecosystem-level and global scales thanks to the ratchet-like, cumulative effects of competition and cooperation and to the disproportionate influence of powerful top competitors and opportunistic species on emergent ecosystem properties and processes. The history of life therefore exhibits emergent directionality at large ecosystem-wide scales toward greater power.
Height inequality and socioeconomic implications in Korea: analysis of individuals born between 1890 and 1919
Authors: Choi Seong-jin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study examined height inequality as an indicator of income inequality during the colonial period (1910–1945) in Korea. Data were taken from a sample of 1796 male prisoners from a wide range of geographical locations and with varied socioeconomic backgrounds. Height inequality was measured using the coefficient of variation of height (CV) for each birth decade. The results indicated that height inequality, as measured by the CV, increased slightly from 3.32 to 3.35 for the birth decades 1890–99 and 1900–09, then jumped to 3.50 for the birth decade 1910–19. Considering the Kuznets curve, the presented results have socioeconomic implications for Japan’s impact in Korea, at least during the early colonial period.
Towards meaningful mobility: a research agenda for movement within and between places in later life
Authors: Meijering Louise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMobility or physical movement contributes to health and wellbeing in later life. Most studies have focused on the contribution of outdoor mobility to active ageing, but physical and cognitive impairments restrict the mobility of many older adults. This article aims to explore the gaps in the current literature on mobility in later life, and identify required innovations in the field through laying out key areas for future research. It discusses two, largely separate, areas of research, namely on mobility patterns and mobility experiences. The first focuses on quantitative and spatial research on outdoor mobility patterns in terms of routes, timing and transport modes. The second mainly concerns qualitative research on how older adults perceive mobility in their everyday lives. This article identifies three areas for future research on mobility in later life: (a) beyond outdoor movement; (b) diversity in mobility; and (c) the role of time in mobility. To conclude, addressing these areas jointly will contribute to further unpacking the concept of mobility as meaningful practice and to integrating quantitative and qualitative methods when studying mobility in later life. This will result in policy inputs on the mobility and wellbeing of our ageing population.
Quintuple-mode wideband bandpass filters with improved out-of-band rejection
Authors: Hameed Musab , Xiao Gaobiao , Qiu Lina , Hameed Tayyab 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents design of quintuple-mode wideband bandpass filters, implemented with off-centered perturbed metallic cylinders in a rectangular waveguide cavity. Three perturbation cylinders are placed at the bottom of the rectangular waveguide cavity, along with a pair of perpendicularly fed coaxial lines; excite five quasi-transverse magnetic modes to realize the desired passband. The height of the waveguide cavity and the shape of the perturbation cylinders are exploited to shift the resonant modes far away from the passband and achieve a good out-of-band rejection and sharp skirt selectivity. The filter operates at the center frequency of 2.68 GHz with a wide fractional bandwidth of 43%. The proposed filter is fabricated with aluminum. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement with each other.
Variation of Iron Species in Plagioclase Crystals by X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure Analysis
Authors: Nakada Ryoichi , Sato Masahiko , Ushioda Masashi , Tamura Yujiro , Yamamoto Shinji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpeciation analysis of Fe in single plagioclase crystals separated from two different gabbros was performed to understand the crystallization mechanisms of magnetite exsolution. Iron species in single crystals were measured using Fe K‐ and LIII‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The K‐edge pre‐edge analysis showed variation in the averaged valence state of Fe in plagioclase crystals even if they had been separated from the same gabbro that was further confirmed by the LIII‐edge analysis. The K‐edge pre‐dedge analysis also suggests the various degrees of contribution from tetrahedral Fe. The mixing of tetrahedral and octahedral Fe leads to an underestimation of the averaged valence state of Fe for the K‐edge pre‐edge analysis; thus, we adopted the LIII‐edge result for the valence state of Fe in plagioclase crystals. Iron K‐edge extended XAFS (EXAFS) analysis of two plagioclase crystals separated from the same gabbro clearly showed different coordination environments. A weakening of EXAFS oscillation was recognized in one sample, because two Fe–O bonds (Fe3+–O1 and Fe2+–O2) cancelled out the oscillations of each other. The EXAFS spectrum of the other plagioclase crystal suggested a homogeneous distribution of Fe. The content of exsolved magnetite in these crystals is nearly identical, indicating that the exsolution of magnetite in plagioclase crystal had been completed before the temperature decrease that stopped the ordering of Fe ions in tetrahedral sites.
Subseafloor Fluid and Chemical Fluxes Along a Buried‐Basement Ridge on the Eastern Flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Hulme Samuel M. , Wheat C. Geoffrey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrothermal circulation of low‐temperature fluids within oceanic crust affects global biogeochemical cycles. We present data from a warm temperature (64 °C) hydrothermal system on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge to assess whether chemical fluxes to the ocean from these systems arise from the basaltic crust or the overlying sediment pore waters. Extensive sampling of this system included fluid chemical data from deep sea drilling, gravity coring, and submersible operations from five sites on a buried ridge that is parallel to the spreading center to the west. These data were subjected to a transport (advection‐diffusion) model to constrain chemical and fluid fluxes along this five‐site transect. Solutes (K, Cl, sulfate, Ba, Sr, Cs, Mo, and Y) that are nonreactive within the basaltic crust constrain the volumetric fluid flux per unit width within the basaltic crust from 0.05 to 0.2 m3 ·year−1 · cm−1, consistent with a recent tracer study. Using this average fluid flux, reactive fluxes were determined for twenty‐four solutes and partitioned among seawater, sediment and basaltic sources and sinks. Only Ca, Ce, and Gd were released from basaltic basement to the ocean, whereas other solutes (sulfate, Mg, K, Li, Rb, Cd, U, Y, Yb, Gd, and La) were consumed in the basaltic crust, and still others (Cl, Ba, Sr, Cs, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, NH3, and Zn) had a sediment origin with a net flux to the ocean. Diffusive exchange with the overlying sediment had a greater impact than seawater‐basalt reactions for some solutes.
A Near‐Real‐Time Version of the Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) Ocean Surface Wind Velocity Data Set
Authors: Mears Carl A. , Scott Joel , Wentz Frank J. , Ricciardulli Lucrezia , Leidner S. Mark , Hoffman Ross , Atlas Robert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Cross‐Calibrated Multiplatform (CCMP) ocean surface wind data set was originally developed by Atlas and coworkers to blend cross‐calibrated satellite winds, in situ data, and wind analyses from numerical weather prediction. CCMP uses a variational analysis method to smoothly blend these data sources into a gap‐free gridded wind estimate every 6 hr. CCMP version 2.0 is currently produced by Remote Sensing Systems using consistently cross‐calibrated satellite winds, in situ data from moored buoys, and background winds from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The reanalysis fields are only available after a delay of several months, making it impossible to produce CCMP 2.0 in near real time. Measurements from in situ sources such as moored buoys are also often delayed. To overcome these obstacles and produce a near‐real‐time (NRT) version of CCMP (CCMP‐NRT), two changes are made to the input data sets: The background winds are now the operational 0.25‐degree NCEP analysis winds, and no in situ data are used. This allows CCMP‐NRT to be routinely processed with a latency of less than 48 hr. An intercomparison of the CCMP‐NRT results with CCMP 2.0, and independent measurements from moored buoys shows that CCMP‐NRT provides a modest improvement over the background wind from NCEP in regions where satellite data are available. Analysis shows that the inclusion of in situ measurement in CCMP improves the agreement with these measurements, artificially reducing estimates of the error.
Hydrogeologic Controls of Surface Water‐Groundwater Nitrogen Dynamics Within a Tidal Freshwater Zone
Authors: Barnes Rebecca T. , Sawyer Audrey H. , Tight Delaney M. , Wallace Corey D. , Hastings Meredith G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicrobial processing of reactive nitrogen in stream sediments and connected aquifers can remove and transform nitrogen prior to its discharge into coastal waters, decreasing the likelihood of harmful algal blooms and low oxygen levels in estuaries. Canonical wisdom points to the decreased capacity of rivers to retain nitrogen as they flow toward the coast. However, how tidal freshwater zones, which often extend hundreds of kilometers inland, process and remove nitrogen remains unknown. Using geochemical measurements and numerical models, we show that tidal pumping results in the rapid cycling of nitrogen within distinct zones throughout the riparian aquifer. Near the fluctuating water table nitrification dominates, with high nitrate concentrations (>10 mg N/L) and consistent isotopic composition. Beneath this zone, isotopes reveal that nitrate is both denitrified and added over the tidal cycle, maintaining nitrate concentrations >3–4 mg N/L. In most of the riparian aquifer and streambed, nitrate concentrations are <0.5 mg N/L, suggesting denitrification dominates. Model results reveal that oxygen delivery to groundwater from the overlying unsaturated soil fuels mineralization and nitrification, with subsequent denitrification in low‐oxygen, high organic matter regions. Depending on flow paths, tidal freshwater zones could be sources of nitrate in regions with permeable sediment and low organic matter content.
The relative importance of factors predicting outcome for myeloma patients at different ages: results from 3894 patients in the Myeloma XI trial
Authors: Pawlyn Charlotte , Cairns David , Kaiser Martin , Striha Alina , Jones John , Shah Vallari , Jenner Matthew , Drayson Mark , Owen Roger , Gregory Walter , Cook Gordon , Morgan Gareth , Jackson Graham , Davies Faith 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDisease factors such as tumor burden and molecular risk affect myeloma patient outcomes as well as patient factors that impact the capacity to deliver treatment. How the relative importance of these factors changes with patient age has not previously been investigated comprehensively. We analyzed data from 3894 patients of all ages uniformly treated in a large clinical trial of myeloma patients, Myeloma XI. Even with novel therapeutic approaches progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) are affected by age with a stepwise reduction in PFS and OS with each decade increase. Renal function deteriorated with increasing age whilst the frequency oft(4;14) and del(17p) decreased and gain(1q) increased. The relative contribution of performance status, international staging score and molecular risk to progression-free and overall survival varied by age group. Molecular events have a larger effect on outcome in younger patients with their relative contribution diminishing in the elderly. Performance status is important for patient outcome at all ages suggesting that physical frailty may be a more important predictor of outcome than age itself. Significant differences in the factors driving patient outcomes at different ages are important to consider as we design disease segmentation strategies to deliver personalized treatment approaches.
Nationwide randomised trial evaluating elective neck dissection for early stage oral cancer (SEND study) with meta-analysis and concurrent real-world cohort
Authors: Hutchison Iain L. , Ridout Fran , Cheung Sharon M. Y. , Shah Neil , Hardee Peter , Surwald Christian , Thiruchelvam Janavikulam , Cheng Leo , Mellor Tim K. , Brennan Peter A. , Baldwin Andrew J. , Shaw Richard J. , Halfpenny Wayne , Danford Martin , Whitley Simon , Smith Graham , Bailey Malcolm W. , Woodwards Bob , Patel Manu , McManners Joseph , Chan Chi-Hwa , Burns Andrew , Praveen Prav , Camilleri Andrew C. , Avery Chris , Putnam Graham , Jones Keith , Webster Keith , Smith William P. , Edge Colin , McVicar Iain , Grew Nick , Hislop Stuart , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Martin Ian C. , Hackshaw Allan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Guidelines remain unclear over whether patients with early stage oral cancer without overt neck disease benefit from upfront elective neck dissection (END), particularly those with the smallest tumours.

Methods
We conducted a randomised trial of patients with stage T1/T2 N0 disease, who had their mouth tumour resected either with or without END. Data were also collected from a concurrent cohort of patients who had their preferred surgery. Endpoints included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). We conducted a meta-analysis of all six randomised trials.

Results
Two hundred fifty randomised and 346 observational cohort patients were studied (27 hospitals). Occult neck disease was found in 19.1% (T1) and 34.7% (T2) patients respectively. Five-year intention-to-treat hazard ratios (HR) were: OS HR = 0.71 (p = 0.18), and DFS HR = 0.66 (p = 0.04). Corresponding per-protocol results were: OS HR = 0.59 (p = 0.054), and DFS HR = 0.56 (p = 0.007). END was effective for small tumours. END patients experienced more facial/neck nerve damage; QoL was largely unaffected. The observational cohort supported the randomised findings. The meta-analysis produced HR OS 0.64 and DFS 0.54 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
SEND and the cumulative evidence show that within a generalisable setting oral cancer patients who have an upfront END have a lower risk of death/recurrence, even with small tumours.

Clinical Trial Registration
NIHR UK Clinical Research Network database ID number: UKCRN 2069 (registered on 17/02/2006), ISCRTN number: 65018995, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00571883.
Pathobiological and Radiological Approach For Hepatocellular Carcinoma Subclassification
Authors: Vasuri Francesco , Renzulli Matteo , Fittipaldi Silvia , Brocchi Stefano , Clemente Alfredo , Cappabianca Salvatore , Bolondi Luigi , Golfieri Rita , D’Errico Antonietta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany advances have been made in the imaging diagnosis and in the histopathological evaluation of HCC. However, the classic imaging and histopathological features of HCC are still inadequate to define patient’s prognosis. We aimed to find the link between new proposed morphovascular patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to identify pre-operatory markers of biologically aggressive HCC. Thirty-nine liver nodules in 22 patients were consecutively identified. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for CD34 and Nestin were performed to identify the four different HCC morphovascular patterns. MRI was performed using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Three out of four morphovascular HCC patterns showed peculiar MRI features: in particular Pattern D (solid aggressive HCCs with CD34+/Nestin+ new-formed arteries) were isointense on T1-WI in 83% of cases and hyperintense on T2-WI in 50%. Five histologically-diagnosed HCC were diagnosed as non-malignant nodules on MRI due to their early vascularization and low aggressiveness (Pattern A). The comparison between histology and MRI confirms that a subclassification of HCC is possible in a pre-operatory setting. MRI seems to reinforce once more the identity of the different morphovascular HCC patterns and the possibility to pre-operatively identify HCCs with features of biological aggressiveness.
Investigation of Ionic Liquid interaction with ZnBDC-Metal Organic Framework through Scanning EXAFS and Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Dutta Rituraj , Rao Mala N. , Kumar Ashok 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZn based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), Zinc 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (ZnBDC) has been synthesized and incorporated with ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr) at optimum 50 wt% of IL. Interaction of BMIMBr in the micropores of ZnBDC-MOF is investigated by XPS, scanning EXAFS and inelastic neutron spectroscopy. Significant increase in binding energies of Zn spin-orbit peaks upon IL incorporation is observed from XPS spectra indicating motion of Br− anions of the IL BMIMBr towards the unsaturated Zn cluster of ZnBDC-MOF. The k-space periodicity as well as the local coordination geometry of Zn K-edge is investigated from the scanning EXAFS and XANES spectra. Asymmetric oscillation periodicity has been observed from the k-space scanning XANES spectra upon IL incorporation. Difference in peak positions of oxygen and zinc are observed from the R-space scanning EXAFS spectra suggesting change in coordination geometry due to dehydration of Zn2+ ion in the ZnBDC-MOF upon IL incorporation. Incorporation of IL in the pores of ZnBDC-MOF gives rise to increased scattering intensity in the Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) spectra, which is attributed to the displacement of IL ions in the MOF pores.
Septumplastik: wie wirken Schmerzmittel-angereicherte
Nasentamponaden?
Authors: Jäckel Martin C. 
Published: October 2019

Simsek T et al. The effect of lidocaine and tramadol in nasal packs on pain after
septoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; doi: 10.1007/s00405–019–05306-x
Türkische HNO-Ärzte verglichen die postoperative schmerzstillende Wirkung von
mit Tramadol und Lidocain getränkten Nasentamponaden mittels visueller
Analog Scala (VAS) bei Patienten mit Septumplastik.
Kardioprotektion durch Ernährung und Nährstoffe
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungErnährung bzw. Nährstoffe haben ein großes Potenzial für die Prävention und Therapie von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Wie Studien zeigen, gilt dieser Zusammenhang sowohl für verschiedene Ernährungsformen und einzelne Lebensmittelgruppen wie Nüsse, Olivenöl und Fisch als auch für einzelne Nährstoffe, beispielsweise ω-3-Fettsäuren, Magnesium und Vitamin D.
How Much Knowledge of Derived Words Is Needed for Reading?
Authors: Laufer Batia , Cobb Tom 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe study explores the usefulness of the word family as the unit of counting in studies of lexical coverage and comprehension. It determines the proportion of texts covered by the various members of a word family, that is, basewords, inflected words, and derived words, and analyzes the contribution of the affixed words to lexical thresholds. This exploration was performed by a text analysis computer program called Morpholex that analyzes the entire lexis of an entered text, pulling out all words bearing prefixes and suffixes and counting the unaffixed words as basewords. We analyzed a variety of texts, academic and narrative, authentic and simplified, and calculated the number and percentage of basewords and affixes in each text. We also located the most frequent affixes in our text corpus and demonstrated which affixes and how many contributed to 95 per cent and 98 per cent text coverages. Our results show that reaching the lexical thresholds for reading does not require the knowledge of most of the derived words in a word family since a small number of frequent affixes will provide the necessary coverage together with the basewords and inflections.
The Influence of the Phonetic Elements of a Name on Risk Assessment
Authors: Botner Keith A , Mishra Arul , Mishra Himanshu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The authors propose that the phonetic elements of a name affect risk perception. Specifically, they find that people prefer a name that evokes volatility when faced with a risky prospect, but prefer a name that evokes calmness when faced with a safe prospect. The authors posit that a volatile (vs. calm) prospect name results in more perceived fluctuations, and thus greater movement from, the given risk level. Therefore, a volatile prospect name results in a wider range of probabilities compared to a calm prospect name. The authors test the proposed effect and the role of the phonetic elements of a name using real-world data and controlled studies within diverse consumer domains (e.g., product evaluations, wagering, and branding). Findings contribute to the larger theoretical area of phonetic symbolism and provide guidance for practitioners trying to maximize preference for a given product, service, or policy.