bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH LOKASI DAN PELARUT PENGEKSTRAKSI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN FITOKIMIA DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L. Urb)
Authors: Artanti Nina , Dewi Rizna Triana , Maryani Faiza 
Published: December 2018

Pegagan (Centella asiatica Linn Urb.) merupakan jenis tanaman yang biasa digunakan dalam industry farmasi dan kosmetik.Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh tiga lokasi asal sampel dan tiga jenis larutan pengekstraksi (methanol, etanol 96% (v/v), dan etanol 70% (v/v)) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan herbal pegagan (Centella asiaticaLinn Urb).Sampel pegagan yang digunakan pada peneltian ini berasal dari Lembang, Bandung, dan Solo. Pada ekstrak yang diperoleh dilakukan penentuan kadar fenol total, flavonoid total, dan triterpenoid total. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak dievaluasi berdasarkan metoda peredaman radikal bebas 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa simplisia pegagan asal Lembang yang diekstrak dengan etanol 70% mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi serta kandungan fenol total dan flavonoid total tertinggi. Sedangkan simplisia pegagan asal Bandung yang diekstrak dengan pelarut metanol memiliki kandungan triterpenoid total tertinggi tetapi memiliki kandungan fenol total dan flavonoid total serta aktivitas antioksidan yang terendah. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa lokasi asal simplisia pegagan dan polaritas pelarut yang digunakan untuk ekstraksi secara signifikan (p<0,05) mempengaruhi kandungan fenol total, flavonoid total dan triterpenoid total serta aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak pegagan.Kata kunci: ekstrak pegagan, antioksidan, polaritas pelarut Pegagan (Centella asiatica Linn Urb.) is a plant species that commonly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of different source location and solvent polarity for the extraction to the content of total phenolic, total flavonoid total triterpenoids as well as antioxidanti activity of pegagan ((Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urb.)extracts. Pegagan materials for this study are from three different locations: Bandung, Lembang and Solo. Based on polarity differences methanol, ethanol 96% and ethanol 70% were used as solvent for extraction. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated based on the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Results showed that the highest total phenolic content and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were from 70% ethanol extract from Lembang. Materials from Bandung extracted with methanol gave the highest content of total triterpenoid, however has the lowest content of total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity. Statistic analysis showed that there is significant differences (p<0,05) of results of total phenolic, total flavonoid, total triterpenoid and antioxidant activity due to source location and solvent polarity. Keywords:Centella asiatica (Linn.) Urb extract, antioxidant, polarity solvent
PENENTUAN SISI AKTIF SELULASE ASPERGILLUS NIGER DENGAN DOCKING LIGAN
Authors: Nauli Tigor 
Published: December 2018

Letak dari sisi aktif selulase Aspergillus niger, yang akan menentukan aktivitas katalitiknya, dapat diketahui melalui komputasi. Sebuah ligan selobiosa dimodelkan untuk dapat melakukan simulasi docking pada molekul selulase yang telah diketahui struktur kristalnya. Melalui kalkulasi energi ikatan dan pendekatan optimasi memakai algoritma genetik Lamarckian, dapat dipilih konformasi molekul yang menunjukkan adanya daerah tertentu dengan energi terendah. Struktur yang memiliki daerah semacam ini dianggap mewakili konfigurasi terbaik terikatnya ligan pada sisi aktif yang dicari.Hasil perhitungan memperlihatkan bahwa tekukan protein yang membentuk celah konkaf diantara dua kelompok struktur b-sheet yang saling berlawanan arah pada molekul selulase merupakan sisi aktif dari enzim tersebut. Ligan dapat terikat disana melalui interaksi hidrofilik dengan residu asparagin (Asn20), serin (Ser111), dan glutamin (Gln158). Di salah satu ujung sisi aktif selulase terdapat residu aspartat (Asp99) dan glutamat (Glu116, Glu204) yang akan mempengaruhi aksi katalitik dari enzim selulase apabila residu-residu ini terikat oleh ion-ion divalen.Sisi aktif selulase ini merupakan gabungan dari domain pengikat substrat dan domain katalitik. Penambahan ion logam yang tepat pada sisi aktif enzim selulase Aspergillus niger dapat meningkatkan aktivitas spesifiknya.Kata kunci:docking, ligan, selulase, sisi ikatan, substrat The active site of cellulase from Aspergillus niger that affects the enzyme activity can be searched by computational methods. A ligand of cellobiose is modelled to perform docking simulation to cellulase with known crystal structure. By calculating the binding free energy and optimization approach using Lamarckian's genetic algorithm, a molecular conformation that has a region with the lowest energy value can be selected. The molecule structure with such region represents the best configuration of ligand bound to the active site.The calculation results that the concave cleft formed by protein folding of two anti-parallel b-sheet structures is the active site of the enzyme. A ligand would bind to the site through hydrophilic interactions with asparagine (Asn20), serine (Ser111), and glutamine (Gln158) residues. The aspartic acid (Asp99) and glutamic acid (Glu116, Glu204) residues that reside in one end of the active site determine the catalytic actions of the enzyme when they are binding with some metal ions.It is shown that the active site of this cellulase has substrate-binding domain and catalytic domain together. The introduction of specific metal ions to the active site of Asperillus niger cellulase will increase its specific activity.Keywords: binding site, cellulase, docking, ligand, substrate
MHD slip flow of chemically reacting UCM fluid through a dilating channel with heat source/sink
Authors: Pravin Kashyap K. , Ojjela Odelu , Das Samir Kumar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The present article explores the effects of uniform heat source and first order destructive chemical reaction on an upper convected Maxwell fluid through an expanding or contracting channel with the porous slip condition at the upper plate. It is assumed that the fluid is sucked or injected through the upper plate. The temperature and concentration at the plates is maintained constant. Using suitable similarity transformations, nonlinear coupled ODEs are developed from the governing PDEs. The subsequent ODEs are converted into a first order system and integrated via shooting method. The effect of various prominent parameters on heat, flow and mass transfer characteristics are studied in detail through graphs and tables. The present results suggest that the presence of chemical reaction and heat source yields in the reduction of concentration and of the enhancement of temperature the fluid. It is also observed that the wall expansion shows an increasing effect on the radial velocity component, but the slip parameter exhibits an opposing effect. The viscous case has been studied as a special case where the present results are found to be close to the earlier ones. The flow of such nonlinear viscoelastic fluids has important applications in separation processes like petroleum and medical industries.
The inverse and derivative connecting problems for some hypergeometric polynomials
Authors: Bedratyuk L. , Bedratuyk A. 
Published: December 2018

Given two polynomial sets $\{ P_n(x) \}_{n\geq 0},$ and $\{ Q_n(x) \}_{n\geq 0}$ such that $\deg ( P_n(x) ) = \deg ( Q_n(x) )=n.$ The so-called connection problem between them asks to find coefficients $\alpha_{n,k}$ in the expression $\displaystyle Q_n(x) =\sum_{k=0}^{n} \alpha_{n,k} P_k(x).$ The connection problem for different types of polynomials has a long history, and it is still of interest. The connection coefficients play an important role in many problems in pure and applied mathematics, especially in combinatorics, mathematical physics and quantum chemical applications. For the particular case $Q_n(x)=x^n$ the connection problem is called the inversion problem associated to $\{P_n(x)\}_{n\geq 0}.$ The particular case $Q_n(x)=P'_{n+1}(x)$ is called the derivative connecting problem for polynomial family $\{ P_n(x) \}_{n\geq 0}.$ In this paper, we give a closed-form expression of the inversion and the derivative coefficients for hypergeometric polynomials of the form $${}_2 F_1 \left[ \left. \begin{array}{c} -n, a \\ b \end{array} \right | z \right], {}_2 F_1 \left[ \left. \begin{array}{c} -n, n+a \\ b \end{array} \right | z \right], {}_2 F_1 \left[ \left. \begin{array}{c} -n, a \\ \pm n +b \end{array} \right | z \right],$$ where $\displaystyle {}_2 F_1 \left[ \left. \begin{array}{c} a, b \\ c \end{array} \right | z \right] =\sum_{k=0}^{\infty} \frac{(a)_k (b)_k}{(c)_k} \frac{z^k}{k!},$ is the Gauss hypergeometric function and $(x)_n$ denotes the Pochhammer symbol defined by $$\displaystyle (x)_n=\begin{cases}1, n=0, \\x(x+1)(x+2)\cdots (x+n-1) , n>0.\end{cases}$$ All polynomials are considered over the field of real numbers.
Hilbert polynomials of the algebras of $SL_ 2$-invariants
Authors: Ilash N.B. 
Published: December 2018

We consider one of the fundamental problems of classical invariant theory, the research of Hilbert polynomials for an algebra of invariants of Lie group $SL_2$. Form of the Hilbert polynomials gives us important information about the structure of the algebra. Besides, the coefficients and the degree of the Hilbert polynomial play an important role in algebraic geometry. It is well known that the Hilbert function of the algebra $SL_n$-invariants is quasi-polynomial. The Cayley-Sylvester formula for calculation of values of the Hilbert function for algebra of covariants of binary $d$-form $\mathcal{C}_{d}= \mathbb{C}[V_d\oplus \mathbb{C}^2]_{SL_2}$ (here $V_d$ is the $d+1$-dimensional space of binary forms of degree $d$) was obtained by Sylvester. Then it was generalized to the algebra of joint invariants for $n$ binary forms. But the Cayley-Sylvester formula is not expressed in terms of polynomials.In our article we consider the problem of computing the Hilbert polynomials for the algebras of joint invariants and joint covariants of $n$ linear forms and $n$ quadratic forms. We express the Hilbert polynomials $\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I}^{(n)}_1,i)=\dim(\mathcal{C}^{(n)}_1)_i, \mathcal{H}(\mathcal{C}^{(n)}_1,i)=\dim(\mathcal{C}^{(n)}_1)_i,$ $\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{I}^{(n)}_2,i)=\dim(\mathcal{I}^{(n)}_2)_i, \mathcal{H}(\mathcal{C}^{(n)}_2,i)=\dim(\mathcal{C}^{(n)}_2)_i$ of those algebras in terms of quasi-polynomial. We also present them in the form of Narayana numbers and generalized hypergeometric series.
On the similarity of matrices $AB$ and $BA$ over a field
Authors: Prokip V.M. 
Published: December 2018

Let $A$ and $B$ be $n$-by-$n$ matrices over a field. The study of the relationship between the products of matrices $AB$ and $BA$ has a long history. It is well-known that $AB$ and $BA$ have equal characteristic polynomials (and, therefore, eigenvalues, traces, etc.). One beautiful result was obtained by H. Flanders in 1951. He determined the relationship between the elementary divisors of $AB$ and $BA$, which can be seen as a criterion when two matrices $C$ and $D$ can be realized as $C = AB$ and $D = BA$. If one of the matrices ($A$ or $B$) is invertible, then the matrices $AB$ and $BA$ are similar. If both $A$ and $B$ are singular then matrices $AB$ and $BA$ are not always similar. We give conditions under which matrices $AB$ and $BA$ are similar. The rank of matrices plays an important role in this investigation.
Symmetric $*$-polynomials on $\mathbb C^n$
Authors: Vasylyshyn T.V. 
Published: December 2018

$*$-Polynomials are natural generalizations of usual polynomials between complex vector spaces. A $*$-polynomial is a function between complex vector spaces $X$ and $Y,$ which is a sum of so-called $(p,q)$-polynomials. In turn, for nonnegative integers $p$ and $q,$ a $(p,q)$-polynomial is a function between $X$ and $Y,$ which is the restriction to the diagonal of some mapping, acting from the Cartesian power $X^{p+q}$ to $Y,$ which is linear with respect to every of its first $p$ arguments, antilinear with respect to every of its last $q$ arguments and invariant with respect to permutations of its first $p$ arguments and last $q$ arguments separately.
In this work we construct formulas for recovering of $(p,q)$-polynomial components of $*$-polynomials, acting between complex vector spaces $X$ and $Y,$ by the values of $*$-polynomials. We use these formulas for investigations of $*$-polynomials, acting from the $n$-dimensional complex vector space $\mathbb{C}^n$ to $\mathbb{C},$ which are symmetric, that is, invariant with respect to permutations of coordinates of its argument. We show that every symmetric $*$-polynomial, acting from $\mathbb{C}^n$ to $\mathbb{C},$ can be represented as an algebraic combination of some "elementary" symmetric $*$-polynomials.
Results of the paper can be used for investigations of algebras, generated by symmetric $*$-polynomials, acting from $\mathbb{C}^n$ to $\mathbb{C}.$
Meningococcal Disease Among College-Aged Young Adults: 2014–2016
Authors: Mbaeyi Sarah A. , Joseph Sandeep J. , Blain Amy , Wang Xin , Hariri Susan , MacNeil Jessica R. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:
Freshman college students living in residence halls have previously been identified as being at an increased risk for meningococcal disease. In this evaluation, we assess the incidence and characteristics of meningococcal disease in college-aged young adults in the United States.

METHODS:
The incidence and relative risk (RR) of meningococcal disease among college students compared with noncollege students aged 18 to 24 years during 2014–2016 were calculated by using data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System and enhanced meningococcal disease surveillance. Differences in demographic characteristics and clinical features of meningococcal disease cases were assessed. Available meningococcal isolates were characterized by using slide agglutination, polymerase chain reaction, and whole genome sequencing.

RESULTS:
From 2014 to 2016, 166 cases of meningococcal disease occurred in persons aged 18 to 24 years, with an average annual incidence of 0.17 cases per 100 000 population. Six serogroup B outbreaks were identified on college campuses, accounting for 30% of serogroup B cases in college students during this period. The RR of serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) disease in college students versus noncollege students was 3.54 (95% confidence interval: 2.21–5.41), and the RR of serogroups C, W, and Y combined was 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.27–1.14). The most common serogroup B clonal complexes identified were CC32/ET-5 and CC41/44 lineage 3.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although the incidence is low, among 18- to 24-year-olds, college students are at an increased risk for sporadic and outbreak-associated MenB disease. Providers, college students, and parents should be aware of the availability of MenB vaccines.
Evaluasi variasi nilai electrical conductivity terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) pada sistem hidroponik NFT
Authors: Frasetya Budy , Taofik Ahmad , Firdaus Riki K. 
Published: December 2018

Tanaman selada di Indonesia umumnya dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar. Evaluasi pengaturan nilai electrical conductivity (EC) sesuai umur tanaman selada diperlukan sebagai upaya menjaga kualitas produk (berat segar, tampilan visual) dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan nutrisi. Penelitian ini dilakasanakan pada September-Oktober 2017 bertempat di Kecamatan Banjaran. Percobaan yang dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri dari 4 taraf dan diulang 6 kali. Perlakuan yang diberikan merupakan kombinasi nilai EC fase vegetatif awal (VI) dan fase vegetatif akhir (VII) perlakuan A=(VI = 1,5; VII = 2,0); B=(VI = 1,6; VII = 2,2);C=(VI = 1,7; VII = 2,4);D=(VI = 1,8; VII = 2,6) mS cm-1. Aplikasi nilai EC (VI = 1,7; VII = 2,4) mS cm-1 memberikan pertumbuhan tertinggi (tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot segar tanaman). Berdasarkan hasil berat segar tanaman pengaturan nilai EC dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan nutrisi hidroponik. Lettuce is commonly consuming as a fresh vegetable in Indonesia. The evaluation of electrical conductivity adjustment by lettuce plant age is an effort to achieve quality product (fresh weight, visual appearance) and improve nutrient efficiency. This research conducted in September-October 2017 at Banjaran District. This experiment used a completely randomized design with 4 level treatments and replicated six times. Application of combination EC value phase vegetative I and vegetative II, respectively: A=(VI = 1.5; VII = 2.0); B=(VI = 1.6; VII = 2.2);C=(VI = 1.7; VII = 2.4);D=(VI = 1.8; VII = 2.6) mS cm-1. This research showed that application nutrient with EC value (VI = 1.7; VII = 2.4) mS cm-1 affect plant growth higher (plant height, leaf area, fresh weight). Based on the results of the plant’s fresh weight parameter EC value improved the efficiency of using hydroponic nutrient.
Toksisitas ekstrak biji Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae) terhadap mencit putih (Mus musculus Strain DDY)
Authors: Natawigena Wahyu Daradjat , Dono Danar , Febriana Ivan 
Published: December 2018

Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pestisida nabati adalah Bitung (Baringtonia asiatica) yang teruji mengandung terpenoid dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak kasar (B. asiatica) terhadap mencit putih (Mus musculus) dan potensinya sebagai rodentisida nabati. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pengujian toksisitas B. asiatica terhadap mencit dilakukan secara oral dengan menghitung LD50 menggunakan metode analisis probit. Pengamatan perilaku mencit yang keracunan ekstrak B.asiatica dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Wagner & Wolff. Pengamatan perubahan fisiologis mencit yang teracuni ekstrak metanol biji B. asiatica dilakukan dengan menggunakan kandang metabolisme (Nalgane Metabolic Cages). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji B. asiatica bersifat toksik terhadap mencit putih (M. musculus) dengan nilai LD50 = 2022 ppm atau 0,2022% dan digolongkan ke dalam skala toksistas 3 yaitu senyawa dengan toksisitas sedang. Ekstrak B. asiatica mempengaruhi sistem syaraf pusat dan dapat mengakibatkan perubahan pada organ detoksifikasi. Ekstrak biji B. asiatica dapat meningkatkan produksi urin, menurunkan laju konsumsi dan produksi feses, dan menurunkan pertumbuhan bobot mencit. Dengan demikian ekstrak biji B. asiatica berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan aktif rodentisida. One of the plants that potentially as botanical pesticides is the Bitung (Baringtonia asiatica) which is tested contained of terpenoid and saponin. This research aimed was to determine the toxicity of crude extracts (B. asiatica) to white mice (Mus musculus) and their potential as botanical rodenticides. The research used an experimental method with complete randomized design. B. asiatica toxicity testing in mice was carried out orally by calculating LD50 using the probit analysis method. Observation of the behavior of B.asiatica extract poisoning mice was carried out using the Wagner & Wolff method. The physiological experience of mice which were poisoned by the methanol extract of B. asiatica seeds was carried out using a cage (Nalgane Metabolic Cages). The results showed that B. asiatica seed extract was toxic to white mice (M. musculus) with LD50 = 2022 ppm or 0.2022% and classified into toxicity scale 3, namely compounds with moderate toxicity. B. asiatica extract affects the central nervous system and in turn detoxifying organs. B. asiatica seed extract can increase urin production, reduce the rate of consumption and facial production, and reduce the weight level of mice. Therefore that B. asiatica seed extract potentially to be developed as an active ingredients of rodenticides.
Adjustment of phosphorus concentration to increase growth and yield of cherry tomato using hydroponic drip system
Authors: Hidayat Cecep , Frasetya Budi , Syamsudin Ilman N 
Published: December 2018

The phosphorus element plays an essential role in plant growth both at the vegetative and generative phases, so its concentration modification in the nutrient solution is necessary to stimulate vegetative growth and crop yield. The research aimed to know the influence of different phosphorus concentrations on growth and yield of cherry tomato using a hydroponic drip irrigation system, conducted from February to June 2017 at Green House Research Station of Universitas Padjajaran Jatinangor using Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were: phosphorous concentration of 100 ppm (P/N ratio 0.4), 125 ppm (P/N ratio 0.5), 150 ppm (P/N ratio 0.6), 175 ppm (P/N ratio 0.7), and 200 ppm (P/N ratio 0.8). The results showed that the increasing concentration of phosphorus improved crops height at the end of the vegetative phase, increased the number of flowers from the beginning to the end of the generative period, was able to prevent the flower fall, enhanced harvest index and weight of tomato fruit significantly at harvest time. Application of 200 ppm phosphorus concentration can increase growth and yield of cherry tomato. Unsur fosfor berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman pada fase vegetatif maupun fase generatif. Konsentrasi unsur P pada nutrisi tanaman sangat penting untuk merangsang pertumbuhan vegetatif dan hasil panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ragam kosentrasi unsur posfor terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat cherry pada sistem hidroponik irigasi tetes. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2017 di Green House Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan konsentrasi posfor, yaitu 100 ppm (rasio P/N 0,4), 125 ppm (rasio P/N 0,5), 150 ppm (rasio P/N 0,6); 175 ppm (rasio P/N 0,7), dan 200 ppm (rasio P/N 0,8). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi posfor meningkatkan tinggi tanaman pada akhir fase vegetatif, meningkatkan jumlah bunga dari awal sampai akhir fase generatif, mengurangi jumlah bunga gugur, meningkatkan indeks panen dan berat buah. Aplikasi konsentrasi posfor 200 ppm dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat cherry.
Compatibilização entre o planejamento e o controle no processo de execução de obras de edificações verticais: um estudo multicaso na cidade de João Pessoa
Authors: Araújo Nelma Mirian Chagas de , Avelino Luciana de Lira , Araujo Vanessa da Silva 
Published: December 2018

Os desafios, peculiaridades e especificidades dos empreendimentos da construção civil tornam os modelos de gestão atuais insuficientes para garantir, de forma satisfatória, o alcance dos objetivos propostos. Características como a dificuldade de elaboração de um planejamento específico e um controle de custos, a existência de um grande número de interdependências entre os projetos que compõem o empreendimento, a necessidade de velocidade significativa de respostas para a tomada de decisões e o grande número de intervenientes, contribuem de forma significativa para que o cenário da construção civil seja desafiador para qualquer metodologia de gestão. Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa, realizada em empresas construtoras de edificações verticais da cidade de João Pessoa-PB, que tinha como objetivos investigar se as empresas construtoras realizam o planejamento e o controle de custos dos seus empreendimentos, se há compatibilidade entre eles e se utilizam a compatibilização como subsídio na tomada de decisões. Ao todo foram pesquisadas 10 empresas construtoras, todas cadastradas junto ao Sinduscon-JP. Os resultados apontam que todas as empresas realizam o planejamento e o controle de custos dos seus empreendimentos, no entanto, não há compatibilidade entre eles e, consequentemente, não podem ser utilizados na tomada de decisões pelos seus gestores.