bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHO-Klassifikation der Hirntumoren 2016: radiologisch relevante Neuerungen
Authors: Johnson Derek , Guerin Julie , Giannini Caterina , Morris Jonathan , Eckel Lawrence , Kaufmann Timothy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRadiologists play a key role in brain tumor diagnosis and management and must stay abreast of developments in the field to advance patient care and communicate with other health care providers. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an update to its brain tumor classification system that included numerous significant changes. Several previously recognized brain tumor diagnoses, such as oligoastrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and gliomatosis cerebri, were redefined or eliminated altogether. Conversely, multiple new entities were recognized, including diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor and multinodular and vacuolating tumor of the cerebrum. The glioma category has been significantly reorganized, with several infiltrating gliomas in children and adults now defined by genetic features for the first time. These changes were driven by increased understanding of important genetic factors that directly impact tumorigenesis and influence patient care. The increased emphasis on genetic factors in brain tumor diagnosis has important implications for radiology, as we now have tools that allow us to evaluate some of these alterations directly, such as the identification of 2-hydroxyglutarate within infiltrating gliomas harboring mutations in the genes for the isocitrate dehydrogenases. For other tumors, such as medulloblastoma, imaging can demonstrate characteristic patterns that correlate with particular disease subtypes. The purpose of this article is to review the changes to the WHO brain tumor classification system that are most pertinent to radiologists.
Tabakentwöhnung als Instrument der ärztlichen Behandlung
Authors: Hering Thomas , Batra Anil , Mühlig Stephan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSmoking is the biggest cause of premature mortality. Almost half of smokers meet the criteria for addiction. Treatment fails primarily because of the lack of reimbursement. Doctors could treat tobacco addiction and with it the secondary diseases with high efficacy if the conditions with behavioral therapy and medication were made available to them.
Vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por tomografía para el manejo del dolor en pacientes con fractura del cuerpo vertebral
Authors: Kozima S. , Salazar A. de , Espil G. , Siffredi C. , Ferrari L. , Mora C. , Garralda J. , Pinzón J. H. , Cobeñas R. , Aguilar M. , Larrañaga N. , Salamida A. 
Published: October 2018

Objetivo Describir la técnica y resultados en cuanto a la mejoría del dolor y complicaciones al realizar este procedimiento mediante guía por tomografía computada.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional descriptivo de una serie de 108 pacientes a quienes se les realizó vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por tomografía computada realizadas en dos hospitales universitarios, entre mayo 2007 y mayo 2017. Todos los procedimientos se realizaron de forma ambulatoria con anestesia local y se valoró el dolor mediante la escala visual análoga.
Resultados Se realizaron 125 vertebroplastias, en el 87,9% de los pacientes (n = 95) se realizó el procedimiento en un cuerpo vertebral, en el 8,3% (n = 9) y 3,7% (n = 4) de los pacientes se cementaron 2 y 3 vertebras respectivamente. El rango de dolor según la escala visual análoga (EVA) previo al tratamiento varió entre 5 y 10, donde un 94% (n = 102) de los pacientes manifestaban una intensidad 10/10. En el postratamiento el rango de dolor varió entre 0 a 7 donde el 98% de la población reportó un valor menor o igual a 3. Se presentaron 3 complicaciones: tromboembolismo pulmonar por metil-metacrilato, extravasación al plexo de Batson y extravasación al espacio interdiscal, cada una en tres pacientes diferentes.
Conclusión La vertebroplastia percutánea guiada por TC ofrece una indiscutible mejora inmediata del dolor en pacientes con fractura de uno o más cuerpos vertebrales, con una baja tasa de complicaciones.
Three-Dimensional Printed Model and Virtual Reconstruction: An Extra Tool for Pediatric Solid Tumors Surgery
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Ángela , Girón-Vallejo Óscar , Ruiz-Pruneda Ramón , Fernandez-Ibieta Maria , García-Calderon Darío , Villamil Vanesa , Giménez-Aleixandre María , Montoya-Rangel Carlos , Hernández Bermejo Juan 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) technology is increasingly applied for planning challenging surgical interventions. We report our experience using 3D printing and virtual reconstruction for surgical planning of complex tumor resections in children.
Methods Data were obtained from preoperative magnetic resonance. imaging analysis and 3D virtual recreations were performed using specialized computer software. 3D real-scale geometry models, including tumor, adjacent organs, and relevant vascularization, were printed in colorimetric scale and different materials for optimal structures discrimination.
Results Four complex cases were selected. The first case was a bilateral Wilms tumor. The volumetric reconstruction proved the presence of enough healthy renal tissue, allowing bilateral nephron-sparing surgery. In the second case, reconstruction contributed to the location of pulmonary metastases. The third case was an abdominal neuroblastoma stage L2. The 3D model was of high value for planning and as a reference during the intervention. The last case is a cervico-thoracic neuroblastoma with an anatomopathological diagnosis of ganglioneuroma, located at the cervico-mediastinal juncture, in close relationship with the cervical vessels.
Conclusions 3D reconstruction and the full-scale printing models are a useful tool in cases of complex tumor resections as they contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between the tumor and adjacent organs, helping to anticipate certain surgical complications. They also provide additional information to conventional imaging tests, being able to influence therapeutic decisions and facilitate the understanding by the family, improving doctor–patient communication.
Seizures and Epilepsy following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Review on Incidence, Risk Factors, Outcome and Treatment
Authors: Ramos Miguel , Teixeira Manoel , Figueiredo Eberval 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mortality rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) average 51%, and survivors frequently experience acute and long-term neurological conditions, including seizures and epilepsy. The incidence of post SAH-related seizures and epilepsy, its risk factors, outcomes and management are controversial. The present paper aims to discuss these aspects, to provide the pros and cons of different management options of this condition. A review on PubMed was performed encompassing the incidence of seizures and epilepsy following SAH, the risk factors for its occurrence, its related outcomes, and treatment. The incidence of seizures and epilepsy following SAH varies widely in the literature (from 6 to 26%). Some possible risk factors were identified, such as middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm, Hunt and Hess grade III, aneurysm clipping, thick subarachnoid clot, intracerebral hemorrhage, rebleeding, ischemic brain infarction, Fisher grade III or IV, acute hydrocephalus, hypertension history and poor World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade. Nevertheless, these relations are frequently uncertain. Also, it appears that the outcome of patients who suffered SAH is worsened by seizures. Given these uncertainties, the need for antiepileptic drug (AED) prophylaxis, the choice of the best drug and dose, as well as the duration of the treatment are controversial topics. However, some recommendations based on low quality evidence are reasonable to be adopted. These include considering AED prophylaxis when a seizure occur after SAH, considering routine long-term AED prophylaxis in specific populations, considering electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring, and avoiding phenytoin prescription. That is, an individualized approach appears to be the best option, since there is no high-quality evidence.
Chondrosarcoma in the Petrous Apex: Case Report and Review
Authors: Banaz F. , Edem I. , Moldovan I. , Kilty S. , Jansen G. , Alkherayf F. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Surgical treatment of petrous apex chondrosarcoma is challenging due to the location of the tumor. Using an endoscopic technique for tumor resection is favored since it provides a minimally invasive approach.
Case Presentation A 57 years old female was admitted for acute onset of left abducens nerve palsy and occasional headache mainly on the left side of the retro-orbital area with some radiation to the left occiput. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), at the time of admission, were showed lytic lesion on the left petrous apex and left part of the clivus. Results of metastatic workup were negative. The surgical procedure considered was expanded endoscopic endonasal transclival approach to the left of the petrous apex and reconstruction with a pedicled nasoseptal flap with image guidance system. The pathology confirmed chondrosarcoma on myxoid background. The surgical procedure was uncomplicated. The abducens nerve palsy was resolved in few weeks and no new deficits occurred. Postoperative MRI showed complete resection of the tumor.
Conclusion Expanded endoscopic endonasal transclival approach to petrous apex and reconstruction appears to be safe and feasible technique, capable of achieving total removal of identified lesions near the petrous apex. Nonetheless, future studies with a greater number of patients are crucial to confirm and consolidate this initial impression.
CPA Epidermoid Cyst with Rare Anatomic Variant: Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Embedded in the Subarcuate Fossa: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Candanedo Carlos , Spektor Sergey 
Published: October 2018

Intracranial epidermoid cysts are considered benign tumors with a good general prognosis; however, their radical removal, including tumor capsule, is associated with significant morbidity, especially when the capsule is attached to neurovascular structures. We show an operative video describing main steps and surgical nuances in the resection of a large right cerebellopontine angle (CPA) epidermoid cyst in a 42-year-old male patient who presented with intractable trigeminal neuralgia. Craniectomy was performed to exposure the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction. A mold for a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone flap was built before opening the dura to avoid potentially neurotoxic effects on the cerebellum. The video illustrates the management of the rare anatomical variant of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). Its loop was embedded in the dura, covering the subarcuate fossa where it gives off the subarcuate artery. Near total removal of the epidermoid cyst was achieved, leaving only a tiny capsule remnant adhering to the abducens nerve. Postoperatively the patient's trigeminal neuralgia was fully relieved and medications were discontinued. The patient's hearing was preserved per audiometry at the preoperative level (Gardner–Robertson II). Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed no signs of residual tumor. In this case, it was not possible to obtain optimal surgical exposure of the CPA without handling a rare anatomical anomaly of the AICA in the dura of the subarcuate fossa, which demanded coagulation and transection of the subarcuate artery and transposition of AICA with the dural cuff. This manipulation enabled optimal surgical removal of the epidermoid and didn't cause any neurological deficit.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/lLZqBHlu-uA.
Decidual Vasculopathy in Preeclampsia and Spiral Artery Remodeling Revisited: Shallow Invasion versus Failure of Involution
Authors: Zhang Peilin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecidual vasculopathy is commonly associated with preeclampsia and develops in the late pregnancy in the uterine spiral arteries, which were previously remodeled by the extravillous trophoblasts. In normal early pregnancy, trophoblasts invade into the spiral artery, leading to vascular transformation, and this transformation is found to be associated with phenotypic switch of the endovascular trophoblasts to express CD56, a maternal protein likely from the natural killer (NK) cells. These endovascular trophoblasts are diminished at term. The decidual vessels are also returned to near normal at the delivery. Both the uterus and the uterine spiral arteries undergo involution after delivery. In preeclampsia, the endovascular trophoblasts are present within the vessel wall associated with the persistence of switched phenotype similar to those seen in the early implantation. The persistence of the endovascular trophoblasts in decidual vasculopathy indicates a failure to return to normal vessels in preeclampsia, thus suggesting a potential mechanism of pathogenesis. NK cells seem critical not only for early implantation and spiral artery remodeling but also for the development of decidual vasculopathy in preeclampsia. In this short review, some critical aspects of decidual vasculopathy in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia are reexamined and a new hypothesis is proposed.
Commodity Prices and Intra‐Household Labor Allocation
Authors: Beck Ulrik , Singhal Saurabh , Tarp Finn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVolatility in commodity markets poses a distinct risk to farmers in developing countries who rely on cash crop agriculture. We combine a time series of international coffee prices with a long‐running panel on coffee‐growing households in Vietnam to investigate coping mechanisms employed by farmers in a transitioning economy. We find that households cope with lower coffee prices by increasing wage labor of adults, with children and adolescents substituting for adults on the farm. Heterogeneity analysis indicates a stronger substitution pattern among women, ethnic minorities, and households with fewer assets. A variety of robustness checks corroborate these findings. Account of this finding should be taken in formulating and implementing social protection and inclusive growth policies.
Breaking the myths (or how to have a successful career in science)
Authors: Ovenden Jennifer R 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe article is a recollection of the ups and downs of my career as a research scientist. It does not chronicle my career in the standard way; there is no timeline of events and only a few details of the type of research that I have devoted my life to. I feel the take-home messages are relevant no matter what type of science you do. The narrative jumps around between periods of my life, uses anecdotes freely and attempts to be informative, forthright, and entertaining. Although science is perceived as a profession, the career pathway can be uneven and forked. In addition to discipline-specific knowledge and experience, successful scientists need a multitude of skills; for instance, human management, logistics, and social media—to name a few. The field often attracts talented introverts for whom working in teams is challenging. The complexity of science is fascinating and powerful. In the fervour for discoveries, care is needed not to become isolated from friends and family by long working hours. For those of you who have gone part or full way down this path, there will be value in comparing your experiences to mine. Mostly I hope that younger scientists who are beginning on this path, or considering whether to enter, will take away some messages that will help them stand on our shoulders.
Do Sequential Mixed-Mode Surveys Decrease Nonresponse Bias, Measurement Error Bias, and Total Bias? An Experimental Study
Authors: Sakshaug Joseph W , Cernat Alexandru , Raghunathan Trivellore E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Mixing multiple modes of survey data collection has become standard practice in survey research. Mixed-mode surveys are faced with a slew of design decisions regarding which types of modes to administer and which sequence to administer them in. Such decisions are largely based on administrative objectives, such as minimizing costs and maximizing response rates. However, just as important to these mixed-mode decisions is their impact on nonresponse bias, measurement error bias, and total bias, which are understudied issues in the mixed-mode literature. In this article, we report on a sequential mixed-mode experiment of young adult drivers randomized to one of two mode sequences: an interviewer-administered (telephone) mode with self-administered (mail) follow-up, or the reverse sequence. Using a mix of direct and indirect bias estimation strategies, we find support for the notion that implementing a second mode of data collection can reduce nonresponse and measurement error bias, but the sequence in which the modes are administered makes a difference: the mail-telephone sequence minimizes bias to a greater extent than the telephone-mail sequence, relative to the starting mode and overall. However, a backfiring effect was found: despite reducing both nonresponse and measurement error bias, switching from mail to telephone increased the total bias in a key estimate of traffic accidents. A discussion of these findings and their implications for survey practice are provided in conclusion.
Efficacy of a Surfactant-Based Wound Dressing in the Prevention of Biofilms
Authors: Salisbury Anne-Marie , Percival Steven L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the biofilm prevention action of two wound dressings, a concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials and a concentrated surfactant gel with 1% silver sulfadiazine.

METHODS:
The microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis were used. Several biofilm models were used whereby the surfaces of each model were coated with either the concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials or the concentrated surfactant gel with SSD before biofilm growth.

MAIN RESULTS:
Results showed the concentrated surfactant gel with SSD prevented biofilm growth in the modified minimum biofilm eradication concentration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biofilm models. The concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials prevented microbial penetration for up to 48 hours, whereas the concentrated surfactant with SSD prevented microbial penetration for at least 72 hours. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, researchers showed that a surface coated with the concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials enhanced microbial sequestration of planktonic microorganisms.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results demonstrated that a concentrated surfactant gel preserved with antimicrobials can sequester and cause the immobilization of planktonic bacteria. Further, the concentrated surfactant gel with SSD can effectively kill planktonic and sessile microorganisms.
Use of the Creighton Tool During a Home Visit Simulation Experience
Authors: Livsey Kae Rivers 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article describes implementation of the Creighton Simulation Evaluation Instrument to evaluate student performance during a simulated home visit experience. A total of 48 groups of students participating in the simulation were evaluated by peer evaluators and faculty. Interrater reliability was found to be low to fair. Low agreement between raters may be a result of a number of factors, including enhanced faculty familiarity with the instrument and being able to identify evidence of critical thinking being displayed by the students engaged in the simulation.
The Development of Quantitative Instruments to Evaluate Cognition and Competency of Forensic Nursing Science
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Langford Rae , Young Anne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Few instruments are available to evaluate fundamental forensic nursing science practice. A cognitive exam to assess knowledge and a practical competency rubric to assess skill proficiency were developed and examined for validity and reliability. Content validity of the cognitive exam was investigated using a test blueprint as well as a panel of experts in forensic science and test construction. The same panel inspected the competency rubric. Pilot testing of both instruments was then conducted to assess reliability. Internal consistency of the cognitive exam was low, leading to revision and retesting; interrater reliability of the competency rubric was acceptable.
Sustaining and Improving Study Abroad Experiences Through Comparative Evaluation
Authors: Johanson Linda S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Researchers have related participation in study abroad experiences to many positive outcomes for nursing students; however, educators are faced with the task of not only developing meaningful study abroad opportunities but sustaining and improving them as well. Educators can evaluate repeat study abroad programs by comparing experiences, looking for trends, and conjecturing rationales. To illustrate this process, an example of a study abroad opportunity that has been repeated over 11 years is presented. The first six years have been compared to the most recent five years, revealing three categories of change for evaluation and the resulting course improvements.
Collaborative Design of a Doctoral Nursing Program Online Orientation
Authors: Welch Susan , Cook Jean , West Dianne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article describes the collaborative development of an online orientation for students entering a doctoral nursing education program. Faculty and staff from the school of nursing, university library, and other academic support services worked together to design the orientation course materials, learning activities, and assessments, resulting in a cohesive, active-learning experience for students. As a result, returning adult learners were better prepared to begin their online doctoral studies.
Using a Real Apartment House for Home Visit Simulations: An Eye-Opening Experience
Authors: Gray Kimberly K. , Grist Susan K. , Race Deborah A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The development of a home care visit using a real apartment house is a unique approach to simulated learning experiences. This teaching strategy broadens the traditional simulation center approach by adding realism to the overall experience. The article explains how the use of the apartment house created a unique teaching strategy not otherwise available in traditional simulation center settings and helped junior-level nursing students understand the nuances of home care visits. On the basis of positive learning experiences, additional opportunities are being explored for using the apartment house at all clinical levels.
Student Evaluation of Simulation in a New Hospital-Based Simulation Center
Authors: Myler Linda Anne , Seurynck Kathleen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The use of simulation is gaining momentum in nursing as a safe, controlled pedagogical method to imitate clinical situations. This article describes the development of a partnership between a hospital-based center and a university to launch a new simulation program. One hundred sixty junior and senior nursing students completed the Simulation Effectiveness Tool. Most students agreed with statements about the importance of simulation related to critical thinking, decision-making, and the value of debriefing. This study adds to the existing literature on the positive effects of simulation while applying it to a unique setting and partnership.