bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining an optimal time window to screen for hepatoblastoma in children with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Mussa Alessandro , Duffy Kelly A. , Carli Diana , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Kalish Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPatients with Beckwith‐Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) undergo quarterly alpha‐fetoprotein measurement for hepatoblastoma (HB) screening up to 4 years of age, paralleling the epidemiology of nonsyndromic HB. However, specific data on the timing of HB development in BWSp are lacking. Here we compare the timing of presentation of HBs in BWSp with a control cohort of consecutive HB cases, demonstrating that halving screening duration of screening procedures in BWSp likely will not impact its effectiveness.
Theoretical elucidation on the mechanism of 1H‐1,2,4‐diazaphospholes synthesis from 1,3‐bis (amino)‐2‐phosphaallyl chlorides with hydrazine
Authors: Huo Rui‐Ping , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Cai‐Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mechanism of the reaction of 1,3‐bis (amino)‐2‐phosphaallyl chlorides with hydrazine for the synthesis of 1H‐1,2,4‐diazaphospholes in CHCl3 solvent has been extensively investigated at the B3LYP/6‐311G (d, p) level. The reaction is initiated by the elimination of HCl and formation of a key intermediate A, then A subsequently undergoes H‐migration‐cyclization (A → B) and Me2NH elimination reactions (B → C) to afford carbene intermediate C, and C can transform to F along both single and triplet potential energy surfaces in three steps. H‐migration‐cyclization (A → B) step was identified as a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, and singlet‐triplet PES crossing should be important in decomposition of C to D1 and D2. For R═Me, Ph and H, the rate control step should be the decomposition of C, while for R═tBu, the first Me2NH removal step is the rate control one. Theoretical results suggested that tBu is a preferable group than Ph, Me, and H in this reaction, which can be attributed to hyperconjugation effects of tBu, showing good agreement with experimental data.
Mechanically tough and recoverable hydrogels via dual physical crosslinkings
Authors: Yang Fengyu , Ren Baiping , Cai Yongqing , Tang Jianxin , Li Ding , Wang Ting , Feng Zhangqi , Chang Yung , Xu Lijian , Zheng Jie 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDevelopment of functional tough hydrogels with new network structures and energy dissipation mechanisms has great promise for many applications. Here, a new type of physical hydrogel crosslinked by hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonds was synthesized by a facile micellar copolymerization of hydrophobic methyl acrylate (MA) monomers and hydrophilic N‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) monomers in the presence of Tween80 micelles. Strong hydrophobic association between inner MA and Tween80 and hydrogen bonds between external polyHEAA and Tween80 provide two distinct crosslinkers to construct mechanically tough and recoverable network. Mechanical properties of polyHEAA‐MA@Tween80 hydrogels strongly depended on network components (HEAA, MA; Tween80 concentrations). At optimal conditions, the hydrogels can achieve fracture stress of 700 kPa, fracture strain of 1687 mm/mm, elastic modulus of 195 kPa, and tearing energy of 1598 J/m2. Due to the reversible nature of physical interactions, polyHEAA‐MA@Tween80 hydrogels can achieve fast stiffness/toughness recovery of 60%/33% without any external stimuli and resting time at room temperature. This work demonstrates a new design strategy to fabricate a new a single‐network hydrogel with high mechanical and self‐recovery properties by incorporating both hydrophobic association and hydrogen bonds in the network, which may provide alternative viewpoint for the design of multifunctional tough hydrogels. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1294–1305
Pneumatically Controlled Nanofluidic Devices for Contact‐Free Trapping and Manipulation of Nanoparticles
Authors: Gerspach Michael Adrian , Mojarad Nassir , Sharma Deepika , Ekinci Yasin , Pfohl Thomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContact‐free trapping and manipulation of individual nano‐objects in solution are of great scientific interest and remain one of the challenges in nanofluidics. Geometry‐induced electrostatic (GIE) trapping is one powerful method that enables stable trapping of charged nano‐objects smaller than 100 nm without the need of externally applied fields. However, due to the absence of external control, there is a lack of the function to actively control and manipulate the trapped objects. Here, novel trapping devices are fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based soft lithography replica molding, which simplifies fabrication and results in high‐throughput and low cost production. The development and implementation of a pneumatic system is described that makes the PDMS‐based GIE trapping devices capable of controlling the height of the nanofluidic channels. This setup enables fast and flexible tuning of the potential depth and trap stiffness as well as active trapping and release of the nanoparticles during the experiment, paving the way toward high‐throughput manipulation of nanoparticles.
Development of pull and push–pull systems for management of lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus, in poultry houses using alarm and aggregation pheromones
Authors: Hassemer Marla J , Borges Miguel , Withall David M , Pickett John A , Laumann Raul A , Birkett Michael A , Blassioli‐Moraes Maria C 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is the most important insect pest affecting poultry production around the world, with all life stages being susceptible to infection by bacteria, viruses and fungi. Control of A. diaperinus in poultry houses using intensive insecticide application is not effective due to the cryptic behaviour of this pest. Here, we evaluated the potential of recently identified A. diaperinus alarm (1,4‐benzoquinone, 2‐methyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone and 2‐ethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone) and aggregation [(R)‐limonene, 2‐nonanone, (E)‐ocimene, (S)‐linalool, (R)‐daucene and (E,E)‐α‐farnesene] pheromones as tools for the management of this pest in poultry houses in Brazil.RESULTSLaboratory arena assays with synthetic alarm pheromone confirmed A. diaperinus repellency. In an initial field assay, traps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromone captured significantly more insects than control traps. In further field assays that compared a pull (aggregation pheromone) and a push–pull (simultaneous alarm/aggregation pheromone deployment) system, a higher number of A. diaperinus were captured in aggregation pheromone‐baited traps in the push–pull system.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that alarm and aggregation pheromones can be deployed in poultry houses to trap significant numbers of adult A. diaperinus. Studies are underway to determine the potential for using these components as part of an integrated A. diaperinus management strategy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Translocal space across migrant generations: The case of a Greek Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kallis Gina , Yarwood Richard , Tyrrell Naomi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the changing importance of translocal space to three generations of Greek Cypriot migrants in the United Kingdom. Focusing on a Greek Orthodox Church, the paper draws upon participant observations and interviews to examine how translocal space is given meaning by migrants and, in turn, how the meaning and use of translocal space is renegotiated and altered by later generations. Based on this evidence, we argue that translocal space strengthens community ties and offers a way of performing particular ideas of identity and culture. It provides social and cultural links to distant people and places through shared religious practices. Furthermore, an intergenerational perspectives allows us to understand how translocal places are reproduced, challenged, and changed by successive generations. In doing so, the paper advances our understanding of translocality, the different ways that translocal space is used by migrant generations, and the changing significance of places of worship to migrant identities.
A heuristic method for obtaining quasi ARL‐unbiased p‐Charts
Authors: Argoti Marco Antonio , Carrión‐García Andrés 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is known that control charts based on equal tail probability limits are ARL biased when the distribution of the plotted statistic is skewed. This is the case for p‐Charts that serve to monitor processes on the basis of the binomial distribution. For the particular case of the standard three‐sigma Shewhart p‐Chart, which is built on the basis of the binomial to normal distribution approximation, this ARL‐biased condition is particularly severe, and it greatly affects its monitoring capability. Surprisingly, in spite of this, the standard p‐Chart is still widely used and taught. Through a literature search, it was identified that several, simple to use, improved alternative p‐Charts had been proposed over the years; however, at first instance, it was not possible to determine which of them was the best. In order to identify the alternative that excelled, an ARL performance comparison was carried out in terms of their ARL bias severity level (ARLBSL) and their In‐Control ARL (ARL0). The results showed that even the best performing alternative charts would often be ARL‐biased or have nonoptimal ARL0. To improve on the existing alternatives, the “Kmod p‐Chart” was developed; it offers easiness of use, superior ARL performance, and a simple and effective method for verifying its ARL‐bias condition.
Uncontracted core Pople basis sets in vibrational frequency calculations
Authors: Hanson‐Heine Magnus W. D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effects that uncontracting the core 1s basis functions in the Pople basis sets have on the calculation of harmonic vibrational frequencies, scaling factors, and anharmonic frequencies are examined for a selection of hybrid and meta‐hybrid density functional theory methods across a wide range of molecules. Median improvements of around half a wavenumber indicate that uncontracting the core functions provides modest improvements for harmonic calculations. The importance of these core functions is found to increase when using meta‐hybrid or anharmonic methods. The core functions are also found to be particularly important for several types of vibrational coordinate, including some carbonyl and carbon‐nitrogen stretching modes, where interaction between the uncontracted 1s functions and triple‐ζ 2s functions appear to play a significant role. Extra core functions are also particularly important for anharmonic second‐order perturbation theory calculations involving alkyne molecule bending modes, where individual transitions can change by as much as 230 wavenumbers.
Input/output stability of a damped string equation coupled with ordinary differential system
Authors: Barreau Matthieu , Gouaisbaut Frédéric , Seuret Alexandre , Sipahi Rifat 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe input/output stability of an interconnected system composed of an ordinary differential equation and a damped string equation is studied. Issued from the literature on time‐delay systems, an exact stability result is firstly derived using pole locations. Then, based on the small‐gain theorem and on the quadratic separation framework, some robust stability criteria are provided. The latter follows from a projection of the infinite dimensional system states onto an orthogonal basis of Legendre polynomials. Numerical examples comparing these results with the ones in the literature are presented along with demonstrations of the effectiveness of the developed robust stability criteria.
To What Extent and How Are Reading Comprehension Strategies Part of Language Arts Instruction? A Study of Lower Secondary Classrooms
Authors: Magnusson Camilla G. , Roe Astrid , Blikstad‐Balas Marte 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe authors examined naturally occurring reading comprehension strategies instruction (RCSI) across four consecutive lessons in 47 Norwegian language arts classrooms at the lower secondary level via video observations (n = 178). Although numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of RCSI for improving reading outcomes, few studies have focused on descriptions of real‐world classroom instruction. This study thus provides additional insights into the extent to which and how language arts teachers in lower secondary schools provide RCSI. Further, the study sheds light on additional aspects of reading comprehension instruction to obtain a broader picture of what this instruction encompasses. The authors address these issues by providing an overview of the amount of RCSI used in language arts classrooms, a characterization of provided RCSI, the frequency of salient features of reading comprehension instruction, and an examination of the possible connections between strategy instruction and students’ gains on national reading tests. The authors used the Protocol for Language Arts Teacher Observation manual to guide the first step of the analytic process, followed by qualitative content analyses of the provided RCSI and inductive coding of the reading comprehension instruction. The findings revealed limited evidence of explicit RCSI. When provided, the explicit instruction varied as either contextual or decontextual instruction. Several teachers demonstrated strategy knowledge, but in many cases, instruction seemed oriented more toward nontransferable activities than explicit strategy teaching. Mainly, the teachers focused their instruction on text‐based discussions and text structure. The authors discuss various reading instructional practices, teachers’ repertoire of strategies, and different approaches to explicit strategies instruction.
Commitment to Aerobic Glycolysis Sustains Immunosuppression of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Yijun , Yuan Xuegang , Muñoz Nathalie , Logan Timothy M. , Ma Teng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) promote endogenous tissue repair in part by coordinating multiple components of the host immune system in response to environmental stimuli. Recent studies have shown that hMSCs are metabolically heterogeneous and actively reconfigure metabolism to support the biochemical demands of tissue repair. However, how hMSCs regulate their energy metabolism to support their immunomodulatory properties is largely unknown. This study investigates hMSC metabolic reconfiguration during immune activation and provides evidence that the hMSC metabolic state significantly influences their immunomodulatory properties. Specifically, hMSC immune polarization by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) treatment leads to remodeling of hMSC metabolic pathways toward glycolysis, which is required to sustain the secretion of immunosuppressive factors. IFN-γ exposure also inhibited mitochondrial electron transport activity, and the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species plays an important signaling role in this metabolic reconfiguration. The results also show that activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is required for metabolic reconfiguration during immune polarization and that interruption of these metabolic changes alters the immune response in IFN-γ licensed hMSCs. The results demonstrate the potential of altering hMSC metabolism to enhance their immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:93–106
Effects of the crystalline structure of Ga2O3 on the photocatalytic activity for CO production from CO2
Authors: Kawaguchi Yu , Yamamoto Muneaki , Ozawa Akiyo , Kato Yuma , Yoshida Tomoko 
Published: October 2018

Ga2O3 samples with different crystalline structures were prepared by calcination of a gallium nitrate powder around 800 K. Ga2O3 samples with mixed phases of γ and β showed high photocatalytic activity for CO production from CO2 reduction with water, and the activity was even higher than that for an Ag‐loaded β‐Ga2O3. The photocatalytic activity increased with time. The increase was attributed to the appearance of GaOOH resulting from the interaction of Ga2O3 with water during the reaction as revealed by XRD and XPS analyses. In situ FT‐IR measurements revealed that bicarbonates and bidentate carbonate species were adsorbed on GaOOH. Therefore, the increase of the photocatalytic activity with time would be derived from the formation of GaOOH phase on the γ‐Ga2O3 and β‐Ga2O3 sample.
Structure as Space
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Peter Boris , Müller Thomas , Oppe Matthias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDas begehbare Dachtragwerk der TRUMPF Smart Factory in Chicago ist als ‚Structure as Space’ entwickelt. Die Stahlstruktur, in die ein Stegsystem über dem Ausstellungsraum von Werkzeugmaschinen der Firma TRUMPF integriert ist, wurde als Rahmenträger nach dem von Artur Vierendeel Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts eingeführten Konzept entwickelt. Dabei wurde durch eine kraftflussgerechte Formoptimierung und die konsequente Anwendung moderner Analyse‐ und Fertigungsverfahren das 120 Jahre alte Konstruktionsprinzip als eine effiziente und wirtschaftliche Konstruktionslösung neu interpretiert. Die Smart Factory wurde 2018 mit dem „Preis des Deutschen Stahlbaues” ausgezeichnet. Dieser Artikel erläutert den Entwurfsansatz, die statische Berechnung und die Umsetzung der Dachstruktur.
SOX2 Activation Using CRISPR/dCas9 Promotes Wound Healing in Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chang Yoon Kyung , Hwang Jin Sun , Chung Tae-Young , Shin Young Joo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere are no effective treatments for corneal endothelial diseases, except for corneal transplantation, as human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs) do not regenerate. The regeneration of hCECs could be induced through regulation of the expression of specific genes. In this study, we investigated whether the overexpression of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) can regenerate hCECs in vivo and in vitro. SOX2 was activated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/deactivated CRISPR-associated protein 9 (dCas9) activation system. Genes were transfected into the corneal endothelium of Sprague-Dawley rats. Central corneal thickness and opacity were measured, and alizarin red S staining was performed. Corneal opacity and central corneal thickness were reduced in the SOX2 group compared with the control group. The density of CECs was higher in the SOX2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, hCECs were cultured and analyzed after overexpressing SOX2. Cell viability, proliferation rate, and the number of cells in S-phase were increased after SOX2 overexpression (p &lt; .05). Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin D1 were found to be overexpressed (p &lt; .05). WNT signaling was repressed, and the AKT pathway was activated by SOX2 overexpression. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and energy production were increased by SOX2 overexpression (p &lt; .05). In conclusion, SOX2 activation promotes wound healing and regeneration in CECs. SOX2 activation using the CRISPR/dCas9 system may thus be useful for the treatment of hCEC diseases.
Identification of a Novel Bone Marrow Cell-Derived Accelerator of Fibrotic Liver Regeneration Through Mobilization of Hepatic Progenitor Cells in Mice
Authors: Yanagawa Takayo , Sumiyoshi Hideaki , Higashi Kiyoshi , Nakao Sachie , Higashiyama Reiichi , Fukumitsu Hiroshi , Minakawa Kaori , Chiba Yosuke , Suzuki Yuhei , Sumida Kayo , Saito Koichi , Kamiya Akihide , Inagaki Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to ameliorate impaired liver function in patients with advanced liver diseases through mobilization and proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously showed that G-CSF treatment increased the number of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells migrating to the fibrotic liver following repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections into mice. In this study, we identified opioid growth factor receptor-like 1 (OGFRL1) as a novel BM cell-derived accelerator of fibrotic liver regeneration in response to G-CSF treatment. Endogenous Ogfrl1 was highly expressed in the hematopoietic organs such as the BM and spleen, whereas the liver contained a relatively small amount of Ogfrl1 mRNA. Among the peripheral blood cells, monocytes were the major sources of OGFRL1. Endogenous Ogfrl1 expression in both the peripheral blood monocytes and the liver was decreased following repeated CCl4 injections. An intrasplenic injection of cells overexpressing OGFRL1 into CCl4-treated fibrotic mice increased the number of HPC and stimulated proliferation of hepatic parenchymal cells after partial resection of the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, overexpression of OGFRL1 in cultured HPC accelerated their differentiation as estimated by increased expression of liver-specific genes such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, cytochrome P450, and fatty acid binding protein 1, although it did not affect the colony forming ability of HPC. These results indicate a critical role of OGFRL1 in the mobilization and differentiation of HPC in the fibrotic liver, and administration of OGFRL1-expressing cells may serve as a potential regenerative therapy for advanced liver fibrosis. Stem Cells 2019;37:89–101
Concise Review: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Regulation of Tooth Initiation
Authors: Balic Anamaria 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Development of teeth depends on the reciprocal interactions between the surface epithelium (ectoderm) and the underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme. These interactions are facilitated by the conserved signaling pathways, which build a complex network of signals and transcription factors. Tooth development starts at specific and predetermined loci in the oral ectoderm and is described as a morphologically distinct thickening of oral ectoderm, named dental lamina. Cells within the dental lamina invaginate into the underlying mesenchyme, generating placodes that mark the onset of individual tooth development. In the following stages of development, the tooth epithelium buds and folds transitioning through various shapes, including bud, cap, and bell shapes, which also identify the specific stages of tooth development. Although much of the molecular regulation of tooth development has been unraveled, the regulation of the initial stages of tooth development, as well as the cellular mechanisms that govern tooth development remain largely unknown. This review provides a systematic overview of the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms that guide initial stages of tooth development and outlines the challenges which temper the progress. Stem Cells 2019;37:26–32