bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leverage, investment, and recovery from a financial crisis: the role of debt overhang
Authors: Kuchler Andreas 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Private investment in advanced economies contracted sharply during the downturn that followed the global financial crisis. A substantial debt overhang has been one proposed explanation for this development. This paper evaluates the role of debt overhang for the slow recovery in investment in Denmark, a country in which levels of private debt rapidly increased before the crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on firm-level panel data, this paper evaluates the links between debt and investment dynamics for individual firms during the downturn that followed the global financial crisis.

Findings
High leverage contributed to a slow recovery in investment during the downturn that followed the financial crisis, in particular for small and medium-sized enterprises. The effect cannot solely be attributed to mean reversion in investment.

Research limitations/implications
Results point to the existence of a separate leverage or “balance sheet” channel with implications for macroeconomic volatility and financial stability.

Practical implications
Macroprudential or microprudential measures to counteract the build-up of excess leverage during upswings may contribute to reducing macroeconomic volatility and improving financial stability.

Originality/value
In contrast to previous studies, the panel dimension of data is used to take mean reversion in investment into account. The large, nationally representative panel data set allows to assess the macroeconomic relevance of the results, as well as enables subsample splits which are used to gain insights into potential mechanisms through which debt overhang impacts investment.
“We want change”, but who’s we? How to transition cultural change in the digital era as a team
Authors: Berges Rafael Pablo , Kon Fabian 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The new digital world and the big corporations who have been around for more than 80, 100 or more years tend to be perceived as incompatible. This study aims to highlight how the key to a digital mindset is not the size of the company or the company’s track record, but an evolving organizational culture. This case outlines the strategy, tools and techniques to make cultural change and digital transformation possible.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors synthesize their organization’s ongoing transformation in the past two years, engaging every person at Galicia, from top management to all 6,000+ employees through workshops, especially designed meetings and internal communications campaigns to align the company’s goals and move forward together.

Findings
This case study pinpoints the key aspects that should be looked after when working on organizational culture and the main players and/or concepts that organizations should count on as allies for change.

Originality/value
This case provides concrete methods and good practices to create cultural change and employee engagement, regardless of the scale of the company, through first-hand learnings that can be applied in any organization.
Agritourism research: a perspective article
Authors: Barbieri Carla 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the substantial descriptive, ontological and epistemological advances of agritourism research from its origins. It also envisions how agritourism spaces and research will develop in the next 75 years.

Design/methodology/approach
Building upon the existing literature and existing agriculture and tourism trends, this paper elucidates on the future of agritourism spaces and research.

Findings
Agritourism research has made substantial descriptive, ontological and epistemological advances to consolidate its scholarly significance as an object of study. Future agritourism will be a continuum ranging from ag-interpretation to ag-themed spaces. Future research efforts should address where agritourism, as a farm diversification strategy, ends along the educational–recreational continuum, and how can agritourism spaces better assist to negotiate societal growing dissonances emanated from the rural–urban gap.

Originality/value
This note envisions how agritourism spaces will evolve in the next 75 years, and thus the issues that future research should address, as a result of agricultural and tourism trends.
From WOM to aWOM – the evolution of unpaid influence: a perspective article
Authors: Williams Nigel L. , Ferdinand Nicole , Bustard John 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) natural language processing may see the emergence of algorithmic word of mouth (aWOM), content created and shared by automated tools. As AI tools improve, aWOM will increase in volume and sophistication, displacing eWOM as an influence on customer decision-making. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the socio technological trends that have encouraged the evolution of informal infulence strategies from WOM to aWOM.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the origins and path of development of influential customer communications from word of mouth (WOM) to electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and the emerging trend of aWOM. The growth of aWOM is theorized as a result of new developments in AI natural language processing tools along with autonomous distribution systems in the form of software robots and virtual assistants.

Findings
aWOM may become a dominant source of information for tourists, as it can support multimodal delivery of useful contextual information. Individuals, organizations and social media platforms will have to ensure that aWOM is developed and deployed responsibly and ethically.

Practical implications
aWOM may emerge as the dominant source of information for tourist decision-making, displacing WOM or eWOM. aWOM may also impact online opinion leaders, as they may be challenged by algorithmically generated content. aWOM tools may also generate content using sensors on personal devices, creating privacy and information security concerns if users did not give permission for such activities.

Originality/value
This paper is the first to theorize the emergence of aWOM as autonomous AI communication within the framework of unpaid influence or WOM. As customer engagement will increasingly occur in algorithmic environments that comprise person–machine interactions, aWOM will influence future tourism research and practice.
State variation in the characteristics of Medicare‐Medicaid dual enrollees: Implications for risk adjustment
Authors: Roberts Eric T. , Mellor Jennifer M. , McInerney Melissa , Sabik Lindsay M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine between‐state differences in the socioeconomic and health characteristics of Medicare beneficiaries dually enrolled in Medicaid, focusing on characteristics not observable to or used by policy makers for risk adjustment.Data Source2010‐2013 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.Study DesignRetrospective analyses of survey‐reported health and socioeconomic status (SES) measures among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries and low‐income dual enrollees. We used hierarchical linear regression models with state random effects to estimate the between‐state variation in respondent characteristics and linear models to compare the characteristics of dual enrollees by state Medicaid policies.Principal FindingsBetween‐state differences in health and socioeconomic risk among low‐income Medicare beneficiaries, as measured by the coefficient of variation, ranged from 17.5 percent for an index of socioeconomic risk to 20.3 percent for an index of health risk. Between‐state differences were comparable among the subset of low‐income beneficiaries dually enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid. Dual enrollees with incomes below the Federal Poverty Level were in better health and had higher SES in states that offered Medicaid to individuals with relatively higher incomes. Duals' average incomes were higher in states with Medically Needy programs.ConclusionsCharacteristics of dual enrollees differ substantially across states, reflecting differences in states' low‐income Medicare populations and Medicaid policies. Risk‐adjustment methods using dual enrollment to proxy for poor health and low SES should account for this state‐level heterogeneity.
DNA Purification Cell Lysis and Wash Step Modifications for Low‐Template DNA Sample Processing,
Authors: Menchhoff Sydney I. , Delacruz Milady T. , Hytinen Madison E. , Cox Jordan O. , Miller Marilyn T. , Dawson Cruz Tracey 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs DNA technology becomes increasingly sensitive, forensic laboratories are receiving more low‐template DNA samples. These samples, already low in DNA content, become even more challenging to process as the available DNA becomes further reduced during the extraction step. In this study, two extraction modifications were tested to determine if the cause of DNA loss could be identified and mitigated. A double lysis technique was used to test for DNA loss in the sample collection substrate, and lysate eluates were re‐extracted to determine DNA loss from inefficient binding to the silica column. Both modifications showed DNA was lost at these steps. However, resulting STR profiles from these samples had fewer peaks and lower peak heights when compared to samples processed with no extraction modifications. Overall, the potential benefits of adding these extraction modifications for low‐template DNA sample processing are not enough to justify the risk associated with additional manipulation.
Against autonomy: How proposed solutions to the problems of living wills forgot its underlying principle
Authors: Mast Laurel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSignificant criticisms have been raised regarding the ethical and psychological basis of living wills. Various solutions to address these criticisms have been advanced, such as the use of surrogate decision makers alone or data science‐driven algorithms. These proposals share a fundamental weakness: they focus on resolving the problems of living wills, and, in the process, lose sight of the underlying ethical principle of advance care planning, autonomy. By suggesting that the same sweeping solutions, without opportunities for choice, be applied to all, individual patients are treated as population‐level groups—as a theoretical patient who represents a population, not the specific patient crafting his or her individualized future care plans. Instead, advance care planning can be improved through a multimodal approach that both mitigates cognitive biases and allows for customization of the decision‐making process by allowing for the incorporation of a variety of methods of advance care planning.
‘Alive by default’: An exploration of Velleman’s unfair burdens argument against state sanctioned euthanasia
Authors: Symons Xavier , Chua Reginald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article we critically evaluate an argument against state‐sanctioned euthanasia made by David Velleman in his 1992 paper ‘Against the right to die’. In that article, Velleman argues that legalizing euthanasia is morally problematic as it will deprive eligible patients of the opportunity of staying ‘alive by default’. That is to say, those patients who are rendered eligible for euthanasia as a result of legislative reform will face the burden of having to justify their continued existence to their epistemic peers if they are to be perceived as ‘reasonable’. We discuss potential criticisms that could be made of the argument, and consider how a defender of the view might respond. Velleman’s argument is particularly interesting as it is a consequentialist argument against state‐sanctioned euthanasia, challenging the many consequentialist arguments that have been made in favour of legalizing the procedure. We conclude by suggesting that further research on the question of unfair burdens is important to adequately evaluating the potential harms of legalizing euthanasia for patients at the end of life.
Fournier's gangrene in patients with type 2 diabetes using second‐line antidiabetic medications
Authors: Petruski‐Ivleva Natalia , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Eapen Sara , Rajan Aditya , Jan Saira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCases of a rare but serious infection called Fournier's gangrene have been reported with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2i). To evaluate the safety signal in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes, we used administrative claims data from Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield of New Jersey from 2014 through 2017 to estimate incidence rates of Fournier's gangrene or necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum among patients treated with a second‐line antidiabetic drug. We found very low incidence rates of Fournier's gangrene or necrotizing fasciitis. While we found no indication of an increased risk among SGLT‐2i users compared with similar patients treated with other second‐line antidiabetic medications, the small number of events yielded wide confidence intervals.
Plant roots are more important than temperature in modulating carbon release in a limed acidic soil
Authors: Ahmad W. , Dijkstra F.A. , Dalal R.C. , Singh B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLime is a common amendment to overcome soil acidity in agricultural production systems. However, plant root effects on lime and soil carbon (C) dynamics in acidic soils under varied temperature remain largely unknown. We monitored root effects of soybean on the fate of lime applied to an acidic soil at 20 and 30°C in growth chambers. Soil respired CO2 was continuously trapped in columns without and with plants until the final stage of vegetative growth. Lime‐derived CO2 was separated from total respired CO2 based on δ13C measurements in CO2. Leaching was induced at early and late vegetative growth stages, and the leachates were analysed for dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic C (DIC) concentrations. Soil respiration significantly increased with lime addition at both temperatures (p < 0.001). The presence of soybean doubled the recovery of lime‐derived CO2‐C at 20°C at the early growth stage; however, by the end of the experiment, the contribution of lime‐derived CO2‐C to soil respiration was negligible in all treatments, indicating that the contribution of lime to soil respiration was shortlived. In contrast, DIC and DOC concentrations in leachates remained elevated with liming and were greater in the presence of soybean. We observed no main temperature effects and no interactive effects of temperature and soybean presence on lime‐derived CO2‐C, DIC and DOC. These results highlight the role of plant‐modulated processes in CO2 release and C leaching from lime in acidic soils, whereas an increase in temperature may be less important. Temperature and plant roots alter the rate of key processes controlling C dynamics in a limed acidic soil. Lime‐derived CO2‐C, DIC and DOC increased more in the presence of plants than with increased temperature. Root effects are more important than temperature for inorganic and organic carbon dynamics in limed acidic soils.
Versatility in a loud call: Dual affiliative and agonistic functions in the blue monkeyboom
Authors: Fuller James L. , Cords Marina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo investigate the selective agents that shape signals, we examined function (adaptive benefit to signaler) in theboomloud call by male blue monkeys. Using natural observation and playbacks in a wild population in Kenya, we characterizedboomfunction from conspecifics' behavioral responses and also variation in call usage relating to context and reproductive season.Boomsoccurred in several contexts and after varied stimuli, including falling branches, yet were strongly associated with intragroup activity and, in particular, affiliative interactions between callers and females. Males produced moreboomsduring the mating season and, congruently, when more females in their groups were sexually active. After hearingbooms, compared to no call, females spent more time near groupmates and the caller and were more likely to approach and have mating interactions with him. Males tended to move away after hearing aboom. In the aggregate, results indicate thatboomsachieve multiple functions relating to facilitating group cohesion, affiliative interactions, and mating opportunities, while also repelling rival males. An observed association with falling branches is puzzlingly distinct from these social functions. We explore the hypothesis thatboomsenable affiliative encounters by acting as signals of benign intent, and discuss the functional versatility of signals perceived by multiple receivers that vary in age, sex, and relationship to signalers.
Is social coordination during escape flights a general phenomenon in birds?
Authors: Lima Steven L. , Lee Jong Koo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEscape from predatory attack as a socially coordinated group is observed in many social animals, including birds, especially those in more open habitats where the group itself may be the only source of protection from an attacking predator. For many social birds, however, woody vegetative cover is the main refuge from attack, but such birds might nevertheless benefit from social coordination during escape flights to cover. Such benefits could reflect the confusion effect, selfish herd effect, or the simple dilution of risk. We examined this possibility of coordinated escape in mixed flocks of wintering passerellid sparrows (Passerellidae). These free‐living birds fed in a patch of food flanked on opposite sides by two refuges composed of woody cover. Under such conditions, coordination in escape behavior should be expressed as a tendency to escape together as a group to the same cover location. Such behavior, however, was not the rule. During spontaneous flushes to cover, a group of escaping birds stayed together only when one cover location was clearly closer than the other. With cover equidistant from the food patch, escaping flocks tended to split about evenly between cover locations. Birds in close proximity prior to an escape flight did not show enhanced escape coordination, nor did those feeding at significant distances from protective cover. Evidence of escape coordination was observed in small groups (two–four birds), but even in such groups, flock splitting during escape was generally the rule. Flock splitting during attacks might reflect some sort of strategic decision‐making process that lessens the risk of capture, but the most parsimonious explanation is that (all else equal) birds head for the nearest refuge, largely irrespective of the behavior of their flockmates. Our results thus provide little evidence of flock‐wide social coordination during escape flights in cover‐dependent birds.
Effects of sowing methods and seeding rates on growth and yield characteristics of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides)
Authors: Tobisa Manabu , Nakano Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of sowing methods (broadcast or row sowing) and seeding rate (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 g/m2) on growth, yield characteristics, and forage quality of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb.) cv. “Murray”). Experiments were carried out in 2002 and 2003. Sowing method affected dry‐matter yield (DMY): broadcast sowing resulted in higher DMY than row sowing in 2002, and during the first harvest in 2003. Dry‐matter digestibility (DMD) and crude protein (CP) concentration were not influenced by the sowing method, except when DMD and CP of the broadcast sowing treatment increased as the plant weight increased. Contrary to expectation, seeding rate did not affect leaf area index, DMY, DMD, CP, digestible dry‐matter yield or CP yield. Even the lowest seeding rate did not influence the yield and forage quality of phasey bean, compared with the recommended higher seeding rate.
Restoration strategies for grasslands colonized by Asphodel‐dominant communities
Authors: Tesei Giulio , D’Ottavio Paride , Toderi Marco , Ottaviani Cecilia , Pesaresi Simone , Francioni Matteo , Trozzo Laura , Allegrezza Marina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrassland habitats are particularly threatened in Europe, especially in marginal areas where funds and manpower for their conservative management are limited. Knowledge of the vegetation dynamics is crucial for the timeliness and economy of any conservation actions. However, there is a lack of studies on effective and rapid containment of tall rhizomatous geophytes, such as asphodel (Asphodelus macrocarpus Parl. subsp. macrocarpus), which are particularly active in the earliest stages of the natural vegetation succession. We present an interdisciplinary study carried out on an abandoned semi‐natural grassland (European Union habitat code 6210*) colonized by Asphodel within a Natura 2000 site in the central Apennines (Italy). This experimental trial lasted 4 years (2012–2015) and applied three different treatments (mowing with removal of cut material, mowing without removal of cut material and chopping), compared to the control (abandonment). The results highlight that the disturbance produced by biomass removal has positive effects on biodiversity. In particular, mowing (both with or without removal of cut material) provided better results for restoration of the grassland biodiversity, even over the short term. Chopping is not a viable alternative to mowing, especially because of the risk of eutrophication over time, and the consequent settlement and increase in nitrophilous species.
Significant chronic airway abnormalities in never‐smoking HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Besutti G , Santoro A , Scaglioni R , Neri S , Zona S , Malagoli A , Orlando G , Beghè B , Ligabue G , Torricelli P , Manfredini M , Pellacani G , Fabbri LM , Guaraldi G 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe chronic lung disease in HIV‐infected never‐smokers by looking at clinical, structural and functional abnormalities.MethodsThis comparative cross‐sectional study included 159 HIV‐infected never‐smoking patients [mean (± standard deviation) age 54.6 ± 9.1 years; 13.2% female; 98.1% with undetectable viral load] and 75 nonmatched never‐smoking controls [mean (± standard deviation) age 52.6 ± 6.9 years; 46.7% female]. We examined calcium scoring computer tomography (CT) scans or chest CT scans, all with a lung‐dedicated algorithm reconstruction, to assess emphysema and airway disease (respiratory bronchiolitis and/or bronchial wall thickening), tested pulmonary function using spirometry, lung volumes and the diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), and assessed respiratory symptoms using the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT).ResultsTwenty‐five (17.2%) of the HIV‐infected patients versus two (2.7%) of the controls had a CAT score > 10. Only 5% of the HIV‐infected patients showed FEV1% < 80%, and 25% had DLCO < 75% of the predicted value. Based on the CT scans, they had increased prevalences, compared with the controls, of airway disease (37% versus 7.9%, respectively) and emphysema (18% versus 4%, respectively), with more severe and more frequent centrilobular disease. After correction for age, sex and clinical factors, HIV infection was significantly associated with CAT > 10 [odds ratio (OR) 7.7], emphysema (OR 4), airway disease (OR 4.5) and DLCO < 75% of predicted (OR 4).ConclusionsAlthough comparisons were limited by the different enrolment methods used for HIV‐infected patients and controls, the results suggest that never‐smoking HIV‐infected patients may present with chronic lung damage characterized by CT evidence of airway disease. A minority of them showed respiratory symptoms, without significant functional abnormalities.