bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring brain perfusion by CT or MR as ancillary tests for diagnosis of brain death: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ramos João N , Pinto Catarina , Cruz e Silva Vera , Topriceanu Constantin-Cristian , Bisdas Sotirios 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To gather and synthesize evidence regarding diagnostic accuracy of perfusion imaging by CT (CTP) or MR (MRP) for brain death (BD) diagnosis.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022336353) and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and independently by 3 reviewers. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Database were searched for relevant studies. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 was used to assess studies’ quality. Meta-analysis was performed using univariate random-effects models.

Results
Ten studies (328 patients) were included. Perfusion imaging (most commonly CTP, n = 8 studies) demonstrated a high sensitivity of 96.1% (95% CI, 89.5-98.6) for BD, consistent in subgroup analysis at 95.5% (95% CI, 86.5-98.6). Unfortunately, it was not feasible to calculate other metrics. Additionally, evidence of publication bias was identified in our findings.

Conclusions
The sensitivity of CTP or MRP for BD diagnosis is very high, comparable to CTA and TCD. However, considering most studies were retrospective, and lacked control groups and unambiguous criteria for perfusion imaging in BD assessment, results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies, ideally prospective, multi-centre, and with control groups are of utmost importance for validation of these methods, particularly with standardized technical parameters.

Advances in knowledge
Cerebral perfusion imaging using CT or MRI demonstrates high sensitivity in diagnosing BD, on par with CTA and TCD. Recommended by the World Brain Death group, this method holds promise for further investigation in this area.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42022336353
Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Heterogeneity Using Serum Proteomics: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Salomon Benita , Sudhakar Padhmanand , Bergemalm Daniel , Andersson Erik , Grännö Olle , Carlson Marie , Hedin Charlotte R H , Söderholm Johan D , Öhman Lena ,   the BIO IBD Consortium, the COLLIBRI Consortium, Ungaro Ryan C , Aden Konrad , D’Haens Geert , Silverberg Mark S , Almer Sven , Bresso Francesca , Carstens Adam , D’Amato Mauro , Eriksson Carl , Hjortswang Henrik , Keita Åsa V , Lundström Maria Ling , Magnusson Maria K , Hreinsson Jóhann P , Strid Hans , Lindqvist Carl Mårten , Kruse Robert , Repsilber Dirk , Verstockt Bram , Vermeire Séverine , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent genetic and transcriptomic data highlight the need for improved molecular characterization of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Proteomics may advance the delineation of IBD phenotypes since it accounts for post-transcriptional modifications.

Aims
We aimed to assess the IBD spectrum based on inflammatory serum proteins and identify discriminative patterns of underlying biological subtypes across multiple European cohorts.

Methods
Using proximity extension methodology, we measured 86 inflammation-related serum proteins in 1551 IBD patients and 312 healthy controls (HC). We screened for proteins exhibiting significantly different levels among IBD subtypes and between IBD and HC. Classification models for differentiating between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were employed to explore the IBD spectrum based on estimated probability scores.

Results
Levels of multiple proteins, such as interleukin-17A, matrix metalloproteinase-10, and fibroblast growth factor-19, differed (fold-change &gt;1.2; false discovery rate &lt;0.05) between ileal versus colonic IBD. Using multivariable models, a protein signature reflecting the IBD spectrum was identified, positioning colonic CD between UC and ileal CD, which were at opposite ends of the spectrum. Based on area under the curve (AUC) estimates, classification models more accurately differentiated UC from ileal CD (median AUCs &gt; 0.73) than colonic CD (median AUCs &lt; 0.62). Models differentiating colonic CD from ileal CD demonstrated intermediate performance (median AUCs: 0.67–0.69).

Conclusions
Our findings in serum proteins support the presence of a continuous IBD spectrum rather than a clear separation of CD and UC. Within the spectrum, disease location may reflect a more similar disease than CD versus UC, as colonic CD resembled UC more closely than ileal CD.
Vitamin D status, physical activity, and long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction: a prospective analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort
Authors: Cruijsen Esther , van Pijkeren Claudia S , Evers Ilse , Visseren Frank L J , Geleijnse Johanna M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
In post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients, we examined independent and combined associations of vitamin D status and physical activity (PA) with long-term mortality, including effect modification by health determinants.

Methods and results
We conducted a prospective analysis of 4837 MI patients from the Alpha Omega Cohort. Baseline blood samples (2002–06) were assessed for plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels. Physical activity was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Patients were followed for mortality through December 2022. Hazard ratios (HRs) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality were obtained across sex-specific tertiles of 25(OH)D and four categories of PA using Cox models, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Potential effect modification by health determinants was examined through stratification. Patients were 69 ± 5.6 years old, 78% was male, 21% had diabetes, and 10% used vitamin D–containing supplements. Over 14.4 years, 3206 deaths occurred, including 1244 from CVD. The median 25(OH)D was 21.1 ng/mL, and 44% was vitamin D deficient (&lt;20 ng/mL). Higher 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower CVD (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.74) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.75). For PA levels (high vs. light), HRs were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.85) for CVD mortality and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.92) for all-cause mortality. Patients with low 25(OH)D and no PA had a three-fold higher mortality risk than those with high 25(OH)D levels and high PA. The associations were not significantly modified by sex, comorbidities, and other health determinants.

Conclusion
Vitamin D status and PA were inversely and independently associated with long-term risk of CVD and all-cause mortality after MI, regardless of other health determinants.
Rethinking the aristocracy in Capetian France, 987–1328
Authors: Power Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introduction explains the context for the following set of six articles. It first considers the meaning and use of the terms ‘France’, ‘Capetian’ and ‘aristocracy’ for historians of the Capetian period of French history (987–1328). It then outlines the historiography of the aristocracy of France in the central Middle Ages. In the second half of the twentieth century, much of the historiography in France concentrated upon holistic studies of regional societies rather than more specific studies of the aristocracy. In recent decades, however, there has been a revival of studies of landowning élites in France, and important work on this topic has long been carried out in other countries as well. The introduction concludes with an overview of the six articles in this collection.
Genetic screening reveals cone cell-specific factors as common genetic targets modulating rival-induced prolonged mating in male Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sun Yanying , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Zekun , Li Wenjing , Kim Woo Jae 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Male–male social interactions exert a substantial impact on the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with aggression and mating behavior in male Drosophila melanogaster. Throughout our comprehensive genetic screening of aggression-related genes, we identified that the majority of mutants for these genes are associated with rival-induced and visually oriented mating behavior, longer-mating duration (LMD). The majority of mutants with upregulated genes in single-housed males significantly altered LMD behavior but not copulation latency, suggesting a primary regulation of mating duration. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that LMD-related genes are predominantly co-expressed with male-specific genes like dsx and Cyp6a20 in specific cell populations, especially in cone cells. Functional validation confirmed the roles of these genes in mediating LMD. Expression of LMD genes like Cyp6a20, Cyp4d21, and CrzR was enriched in cone cells, with disruptions in cone cell-specific expression of CrzR and Cyp4d21 leading to disrupted LMD. We also identified a novel gene, CG10026/Macewindu, that reversed LMD when overexpressed in cone cells. These findings underscore the critical role of cone cells as a pivotal site for the expression of genes involved in the regulation of LMD behavior. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying complex sexual behaviors in Drosophila.
Cybersecurity and International Relations: developing thinking tools for digital world politics
Authors: Liebetrau Tobias , Monsees Linda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Processes of digital transformation alter global politics. This is an issue not only for specialists in cybersecurity, but for all scholars of international relations. This introduction to a special section outlines an agenda for cybersecurity research in international relations research and practice. We argue that cybersecurity is not only a specialized subfield of International Relations (IR), but also an intellectual space in which crucial questions concerning international politics, security and digital technology can be examined. Nevertheless, we identify three biases in current cybersecurity research—a focus toward the state, the military and power as domination—that limit the field and hamper broader engagement with IR and critical security scholarship. We argue that cybersecurity and digital technology are neither optional additions to the theory and practice of international relations nor issues that can neatly be isolated from other world affairs. The goal of the special section is hence twofold. First, to provide new directions and foundations for cybersecurity studies. Second, to explore the opportunities and challenges raised by cybersecurity and digital technological phenomena in conversation with IR and critical security studies. Taken together, the special section demonstrates the need to understand cybersecurity through international relations and to understand international relations through cybersecurity.
Norm diffusion in cyber governance: China as an emerging norm entrepreneur?
Authors: Chen Xuechen , Gao Xinchuchu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In light of China's growing weight as a technological power in the international arena, an increasing body of literature is dedicated to conceptualizing China as a nascent norm-shaper in global cyber governance. However, a nuanced investigation into the process of China's norm diffusion in cyber governance has been lacking. Drawing on the latest advancements from norm diffusion theory, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex and multidimensional nature of China's cyber-governance norm cluster and the diffusion mechanisms. By contesting the linear and static conceptualization of norms, this study conceptualizes China's cyber governance norms through the lens of norm cluster. It demonstrates that China has actively promoted a constellation of values and appropriate behaviours in order to address the myriad of problems and challenges it identifies in global cyber governance, revolving around three core values, namely: cyber sovereignty, multilateralism and the balance between security and development. This research also demonstrates that instead of using a single diffusion mechanism, China has relied on a dynamic combination of socialization and positive incentives which are driven by both state-led actors and private sectors to diffuse its cyber norms and approaches at regional and international levels.
The Effectiveness of Oral Vancomycin on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arbabzada Naik , Dennett Liz , Meng Guanmin , Peerani Farhad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Approximately 70% of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD therapies currently used to treat PSC-IBD patients have side effects and can be costly. Oral vancomycin (OV)—a safe, economical, and convenient therapy—has been reported to be a salvage therapy in refractory PSC-IBD patients. This systematic review aims to summarize the current literature regarding the effectiveness and safety of OV to treat IBD in PSC patients.

Methods
A systematic literature review of Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and CINAHL was performed until March 2024. The Murad scale, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool were used to determine the quality of the case reports and case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trial (RCT), respectively. The outcomes sought were response or remission across clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, and histological parameters.

Results
Of the 1725 published studies, we identified 9 case reports, 7 case series, 3 cohort studies, and 1 RCT. Most studies reported an improvement in clinical IBD symptoms such as diarrhea and hematochezia. Fewer publications provided supporting objective data in the form of fecal calprotectin, endoscopic Mayo scores, and histology. There were no reports of vancomycin-resistant enterococci infections.

Conclusions
Oral vancomycin appears safe and effective to treat IBD in a subset of PSC patients. Future studies would benefit from prospective data collection incorporating standardized symptomatic, endoscopic, and histologic indices. Ultimately, a well-powered RCT is needed to better assess the effectiveness, safety, and durability of OV therapy.
Bacterial population-level trade-offs between drought tolerance and resource acquisition traits impact decomposition
Authors: Malik Ashish A , Martiny Jennifer B H , Ribeiro Antonio , Sheridan Paul O , Weihe Claudia , Brodie Eoin L , Allison Steven D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Microbes drive fundamental ecosystem processes, such as decomposition. Environmental stressors are known to affect microbes, their fitness, and the ecosystem functions that they perform; yet, understanding the causal mechanisms behind this influence has been difficult. We used leaf litter on soil surface as a model in situ system to assess changes in bacterial genomic traits and decomposition rates for 18 months with drought as a stressor. We hypothesized that genome-scale trade-offs due to investment in stress tolerance traits under drought reduce the capacity for bacterial populations to carry out decomposition, and that these population-level trade-offs scale up to impact emergent community traits, thereby reducing decomposition rates. We observed drought tolerance mechanisms that were heightened in bacterial populations under drought, identified as higher gene copy numbers in metagenome-assembled genomes. A subset of populations under drought had reduced carbohydrate-active enzyme genes that suggested—as a trade-off—a decline in decomposition capabilities. These trade-offs were driven by community succession and taxonomic shifts as distinct patterns appeared in populations. We show that trait–trade-offs in bacterial populations under drought could scale up to reduce overall decomposition capabilities and litter decay rates. Using a trait-based approach to assess the population ecology of soil bacteria, we demonstrate genome-level trade-offs in response to drought with consequences for decomposition rates.
Metabolomic Analysis of HUVEC After Thermal Denaturation UHPLC-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics
Authors: Wu Fangqin , Yan Zhuoxian , Ran Yanqin , Wang Mengna , Yang Sifan , Huang Mitao , Zhou Situo , Zhang Pihong , Liang Pengfei , Jiang Bimei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Preserving denatured dermis has been shown to promote wound healing and improve skin appearance and function. Angiogenesis is crucial for the healing of burn wounds. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying angiogenesis during burn recovery remain unclear. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed 6 distinct metabolites in a heat-denatured cell model. A bioinformatics approach was used to predict the differentially expressed metabolites and 4 metabolic pathways closely related to trauma repair were identified. These pathways might play a significant role in the regression of thermally injured endothelial cells. We also found that increasing D-mannose level promoted the angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the heat-denatured cell model, enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In summary, these findings revealed changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways in thermally injured endothelial cells and demonstrated that D-mannose could promote angiogenesis during the recovery of thermally injured endothelial cells.
Identification and characterization of a novel Pavlovskyella (Acari: Argasidae) from Chile, parasite of the culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus)
Authors: Muñoz-Leal Sebastián , Kneubehl Alexander R , Ardiles Karen , Parragué-Migone Catalina , Troncoso-Toro Ignacio , Oyarzún-Ruiz Pablo , Lopez Job E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Soft ticks (Argasidae) of the subgenus Pavlovskyella Pospelova-Shtrom are worldwide distributed parasites of medical importance. However, the systematics of the subgenus are currently under debate because genetic data shows that the group is paraphyletic. Meanwhile, species of Pavlovskyella continue to be discovered. In this study a novel species of the subgenus is described from specimens collected on a fox in central Chile. The larva of this new species differentiates from other Pavlovskyella spp. by having the following combination of characters: subpyriform dorsal plate; 15 pairs of setae, 7 anterolateral, 3 central, and 5 posterolateral, and hypostome with denticles in the distal third. Nymphs and adults of the species lack cheeks, eyes or bulging structures on the flank, but exhibit dorsoventral grooves, and humps on tarsi I, II, and III. Moreover, a patch of glabrous integument appears on the distal portion of coxal folds. A phylogenetic analysis using the mitogenome indicates a monophyletic group composed by Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) brasiliensis Aragão, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) furcosus Neumann, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) improvisus Muñoz-Leal & Venzal, and Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) rostratus Aragão. Interestingly, a phylogeny using 18S–28S rDNA sequences shows that South American Pavlovskyella spp. are paraphyletic, as depicted in previous studies. Adding species of the subgenus from the Neotropical region to phylogenetic analyses could aid to solve this paraphyly. Furthermore, this is the fifth species of Pavlovskyella described in South America, and the second in Chile.
Making administrative work matter in public service delivery: a lens for linking practice with the purpose of office
Authors: Karmsteen Kirstine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among the general public as well as in the scientific literature, administrative work is widely associated with heavy bureaucratic procedures that are disconnected from serving clients. Less is said and written about the importance of administrative work in delivering public service. Drawing on a relational theoretical approach and based on an ethnographic field study in two municipal child welfare units in Denmark (including 38 days of observations and 30 interviews), this study shows how administrative work plays three key functions in various accountability relations and that these functions aid street-level bureaucrats in mastering the complexities of their work. The study offers a theoretical framework that delineates the functions of administrative work in complex street-level practice. By demonstrating how administrative work may contribute positively to fulfilling the purposes of street-level work, this study contributes to developing our understanding of administrative work as an invaluable part of street-level work and provides a more nuanced foundation for future studies on the virtues and issues of administrative work.
Rewiring of Uric Acid Metabolism in the Intestine Promotes High-Altitude Hypoxia Adaptation in Humans
Authors: Su Qian , Li Yu-Chun , Zhuang Dao-Hua , Liu Xin-Yuan , Gao Han , Li Dong , Chen Yu , Ge Ming-Xia , Han Yi-Ming , Gao Zong-Liang , Yin Fan-Qian , Zhao Long , Zhang Yun-Xia , Yang Li-Qin , Zhao Qin , Luo Yong-Jun , Zhang Zhigang , Kong Qing-Peng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia is characterized by systemic and organ-specific metabolic changes. This study investigates whether intestinal metabolic rewiring is a contributing factor to hypoxia adaptation. We conducted a longitudinal analysis over 108 days, with seven time points, examining fecal metabolomic data from a cohort of 46 healthy male adults traveling from Chongqing (a.s.l. 243 m) to Lhasa (a.s.l. 3,658 m) and back. Our findings reveal that short-term hypoxia exposure significantly alters intestinal metabolic pathways, particularly those involving purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids. A notable observation was the significantly reduced level of intestinal uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, during acclimatization (also called acclimation) and additional two long-term exposed cohorts (Han Chinese and Tibetans) residing in Shigatse, Xizang (a.s.l. 4,700 m), suggesting that low intestinal uric acid levels facilitate adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. Integrative analyses with gut metagenomic data showed consistent trends in intestinal uric acid levels and the abundance of key uric acid-degrading bacteria, predominantly from the Lachnospiraceae family. The sustained high abundance of these bacteria in the long-term resident cohorts underscores their essential role in maintaining low intestinal uric acid levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that the rewiring of intestinal uric acid metabolism, potentially orchestrated by gut bacteria, is crucial for enhancing human resilience and adaptability in extreme environments.