bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs of US chiefs of police about substance use disorder, fentanyl exposure, overdose response, and use of discretion: Results from a national survey
Authors: Bailey Amelia , Andraka-Christou Barbara , Rouhani Saba , Clark M.H. , Atkins Danielle , Pozo Bradon del 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
To inform the feasibility and acceptability of police practices related to substance use, addiction, and overdose, we sought to better understand how US police chiefs perceive substance use and related policing practices.
Methods
A national sample of randomly selected US police chiefs (N = 276) completed a 37-item survey about substance use and policing. Nine items assessed chiefs’ perceptions of: officers’ discretion in making arrests, effectiveness of overdose responses, risks of fentanyl exposure, de-escalation practices, harmful drugs in their community, and illicitly-obtained buprenorphine. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and exploratory ordinal logistic regressions.
Results
Most chiefs (72.5%) agreed that arrest for any nonviolent misdemeanor was at the discretion of their officers, and they overwhelmingly (94.9%) trusted their officers to make the right arrest decision. The majority of chiefs (87.7%) felt their officers could effectively respond to an opioid overdose, and 83.7% reported their officers carried naloxone on patrol. Chiefs in the Northeast were significantly less likely to be confident in their officers’ ability to respond to a methamphetamine overdose than chiefs in the West. Most (90.0%) were receptive to implementing methamphetamine de-escalation strategies (i.e., techniques to resolve crises short of force). Almost all chiefs (91.2%) agreed with the inaccurate statement that fentanyl exposure at a drug overdose scene could harm officers.
Conclusions
Police chiefs have interest in several types of harm reduction and public health approaches to policing. Critically, there is a need to curtail fentanyl misinformation and to improve officer knowledge about medications for treating opioid use disorder.
FTO and NOS3 genes associated with pediatric obesity: Corações de Ouro Preto Study
Authors: Batista Aline Priscila , de Souza Thomas Viana , de Menezes-Junior Luiz Antônio Alves , Costa Anna Carolina Motta , Cangussu Camila Blanco , Lourenção Luciano Garcia , de Oliveira Wandeir Wagner , Avelar Gabriel Trindade , Rocha Daniela Fonseca Abdo , Rodrigues Iriane Marques de Carvalho , Rocha André Versiani Caldeira , de Moura Joana Paula Mendes , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity is the largest global public health epidemic, increasingly affecting children and adolescents. Studies suggest that this single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) is associated with the development of obesity. Obesity susceptibility genes identified include alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) and endothelial nitric oxide (NOS3). Furthermore genetic predisposition can interact with other environmental factors, such as clinical risk factors for obesity. In this context, the potential interaction between the FTO and NOS3 SNPs and clinical risk factors such as non-exclusive breastfeeding, high birth weight, and a family history of chronic diseases warrants investigation.There is a clear need for more research on the FTO and NOS3 genes in Brazilian children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FTO (rs1121980) and NOS3 (rs1799983) genes and obesity in children and adolescents in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Methods
A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with elementary school students aged 6–17 years in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, between April and December 2021. The study evaluated sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical variables and the SNPs rs1121980 and rs1799983 in the FTO and NOS3 genes, respectively, for associations with obesity.
Results
The study revealed that the prevalence of obesity was notably high, reaching 8.5% in the study population. Homozygotes for the risk alleles of the FTO and NOS3 genes (genotypes AA and TT, respectively) remained significant, with both showing a more than twofold increased likelihood of being obese [OR: 2.12 (CI: 1.40–4.31) and 2.64 CI: (1.40–6.09), respectively]. The same combination of alleles associated with clinical risk factors (nonexclusive breastfeeding, high birth weight, family history of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia) was associated with a significantly greater chance of being obese at a young age.
Conclusions
Our results support the idea that the SNP rs1121980 in the FTO gene and rs1799983 in the NOS3 gene can affect the occurrence of obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents living in urban areas.
Enhanced El Nino predictability from climate mode interactions
Authors: Bódai Tamás 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

With further extension of the XROM introduced by Zhao et al., by including the ENSO-state-dependence of the external noise forcing as well as a seasonal modulation of both the additive and state dependent part of the forcing, I am able to improve the ENSO prediction skill considerably, especially felt for longer lead times. My new data-driven forecast model is inferred by Maximum Likelihood Estimation, from observational data in 1979-2022, which is much more costly than solving a linear regression problem by matrix inversion. This is the -- completely affordable -- price of obtaining the currently best forecast model of large scale features of ENSO, falsifying the claim of Zhao et al. that a reliable estimation of the state dependence is too data-intensive. I also make a few points of scrutiny by introducing a package of four concepts, those of: the apparent, theoretical maximum, climatological and true prediction skills. Finally, from the viewpoint of the philosophy of science, I examine whether Zhao et al. have delivered on their promise of explaining the enhancement of the prediction skill of the XROM in comparison with the celebrated recharge oscillator model (ROM) of ENSO.
The isotopic effect of deuteration on the conductive properties of chitosan films
Authors: Uali Aitolkyn , Aslanbek Assylay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Chitosan biopolymer has gained attention due to its distinctive chemical and environmental characteristics, such as its biocompatibility and biodegradability, ability to form fibres/films, and ionic conductivity. Its functional groups offer various interactions, including cross-linking, intermolecular hydrogen bonding, complex formation, and chelation. All this makes chitosan one of the most extensively used platforms for developing biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, agriculture, water treatment, environmental protection, energy storage systems and many others. This study examined the structure and properties of protonated and partially deuterated chitosan films. Herein, we present the chitosan films prepared from their acidic solutions by casting. By employing spectroscopic techniques, it was shown that, firstly, there is a partial deuteration of chitosan polymer films; secondly, the higher the content of D2O used for deuteration, the lower the conductivity of CS films, thus, the more apparent kinetic isotope effect arising from hydrogen-deuterium exchange in the polymer structure. The conductive properties were evaluated by using chronoamperometry and a four-probe approach. This work provides a simple way to shed light on the probable semi-classical nature of the mechanism underlying the conductive properties of chitosan.
First detection and diversity of Astroviruses in wild migratory birds of Sakhalin Island, North Pacific.
Authors: Zhirov Dmitry , Dubovitskiy Nikita , Derko Anastasiya , Loginova Arina , Sobolev Ivan , Ktitorov Pavel , Kulikova Olga , He Guimei , Wang Zhenghuan , Wang Wen , Alekseev Aleksander , Shestopalov Alexander , Sharshov Kirill 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Researchers have identified Avastrovirus (AAstV) as a significant genus of bird viruses, linked to various avian diseases such as enteritis, growth retardation, nephritis and hepatitis. These infections lead to substantial economic losses for farms and have a widespread impact on global food production. Although there have been numerous studies on these viruses, the available data mainly focuses on poultry viruses. Research on astroviruses in wild bird populations has revealed a wide genetic diversity of these viruses, yet our understanding of their biological and ecological characteristics remains limited. In this study, we detected avastrovirus for the first time in wild migratory birds of the families Anatidae and Columbidae from Sakhalin Island, North Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of Avastrovirus 2 in wild doves and Avastrovirus 3 in wild ducks. These findings provide valuable insights into the circulation of astroviruses on Sakhalin Island, which lies along the path of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway.
Timing of Activation of Different Inspiratory Muscles During Incremental Inspiratory Loading in Healthy Adults
Authors: Matsumura Umi , Rodrigues Antenor , Mori Tamires , Rassam Peter , Hollebeke Marine Van , Rozenberg Dmitry , Brochard Laurent , Goligher Ewan C , Roblyer Darren , Reid W. Darlene 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate whether the onset and duration of electromyography [EMG] activity of different inspiratory muscles vary during an incremental inspiratory threshold loading (ITL) in healthy adults and whether it is associated with dyspnea and inspiratory mouth pressure (Pm) at task failure.
Methods
Twelve healthy adults (30 ± 7 years, 6 females) performed incremental ITL starting at warm-up (7.6 ± 1.7 cmH2O) followed by 50g increments every two minutes until task failure. EMG onset (relative to inspiratory flow) and activity duration of scalene, parasternal intercostal, sternocleidomastoid, and costal diaphragm/7th intercostal were quantified using a validated algorithm. Ventilatory parameters including Pm were evaluated.
Results
Pm increased during incremental ITL (p ≤ 0.033), reaching 52 [25–110] cmH2O at task failure. This was explained by increased activity of extra-diaphragmatic muscles (p ≤ 0.016). EMG onset of sternocleidomastoid (p < 0.001), parasternal intercostal (p = 0.002) and scalene (p = 0.002) were earlier at task failure load compared to low loads and correlated with Pm at task failure load (r: -0.65, -0.45, -0.29, respectively; p ≤ 0.034). Earlier EMG onsets of scalene in early loads were associated with achieving longer endurance time at task failure (r: -0.7, -0.75, respectively; p ≤ 0.026). An earlier EMG onset of sternocleidomastoid at task failure load was associated with higher dyspnea intensity (r: -0.61, p = 0.036). However, both onset and duration of the diaphragm/7th intercostal EMG activity did not vary throughout the ITL (p ≥ 0.449).
Conclusion
Earlier activities of extra diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles were related to dyspnea intensity and with achieving higher inspiratory force and longer duration during incremental inspiratory loading.
Epigallocatechin -3- gallate mitigates diazinon neurotoxicity via suppression of pro-inflammatory genes and upregulation of antioxidant pathways
Authors: Onukak Charles Etang , Femi-Akinlosotu Omowumi Moromoke , Obasa Adedunsola Adewunmi , Folarin Oluwabusayo Racheal , Ajibade Temitayo Olabisi , Igado Olumayowa Olawumi , Esan Oluwaseun Olarenwaju , Oyagbemi Taiwo Olaide , Adeogun Adewunmi Victoria , Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo , Ola-Davies Olufunke Eunice , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Olopade James Olukayode , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi Omoniyi , Yakubu Momoh Audu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Diazinon is a commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticide especially in developing countries for the control of insect pests, however, exposure to its toxic impact especially in humans and other non-target species remains an important public health concern. The study aimed to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin − 3- gallate (EGCG), abundant in green tea plants on neurobehavioural, biochemical, and pathological changes in the brain of male Wistar rats following exposure to diazinon toxicity. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were acclimatized for seven days and subsequently randomly assigned into six treatment groups as follows: Group I: Control group (0.2 mL distilled water); Group II: Diazinon at 3 mg/kg (1% LD50) of diazinon; Group III: Diazinon (3mg/kg) + EGCG (50 mg/kg, ~ 2% of LD50); Group IV: Diazinon (3mg/kg) + EGCG (100 mg/kg, ~ 5% of LD50); Group V: EGCG (50mg/kg) and Group VI: EGCG (100 mg/kg). All treatments were administered orally once daily for 14 days. Neurobehavioural studies, biomarkers of oxidative stress, histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR) were performed. Diazinon alone impaired recognition memory, increased oxidative stress markers and altered antioxidant defense in the brain. It upregulated TNF-α and IL-6 genes and repressed GPx 4 gene expressions. It was also associated with increased GFAP, Tau, and α-SN immunoreactivity. Microscopic examination revealed loss of purkinje and hippocampal cells in brain. Co-treatment with EGCG however improved cognition, lowered oxidative stress markers, improved antioxidant status and suppressed TNF-α and IL-6. In conclusion, findings from this study demonstrated that EGCG offered protection against diazinon-induced neurotoxicity.
Association between health indifference and the Breslow Health Practice Index: A cross-sectional study of Japanese corporate employees
Authors: Iwase Yumiko , Hosokawa Rikuya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global cause of death, emphasizing the need for lifestyle improvements to reduce the risk of NCDs.
Higher Breslow Health Practice Index (HPI) scores are associated with lower disease incidence and mortality. However, many individuals remain indifferent to their health, and as a result, they are not improving their lifestyle. Furthermore, validation of the Health Interest Scale (HIS) for external applicability is needed, particularly among employees at higher risk of NCDs. Therefore, this study clarifies the association between health indifference and the HPI among a sample of Japanese company employees. By doing so, it provides critical data for designing effective workplace interventions explicitly tailored toward health-indifferent individuals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the health check-up data collected from 2,260 employees at a Japanese information technology (IT) company in 2023. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using HPI and HIS as dependent and independent variables, respectively. The association between individual health behaviors within the HPI and HIS was also evaluated through multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Ver. 28, with a significance level at p<0.05.
Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed a moderate association between HIS and HPI scores (β = 0.25,p < 0.001). HPI scores were lower among employees in sedentary jobs and managerial positions (β = 0.17, p < 0.001; β = 0.16, p < 0.05).
Multivariable logistic regression indicated that higher HIS scores were significantly associated with several health behaviors, particularly moderate alcohol consumption (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05, p < 0.05) and non-smoking (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09–1.15, p < 0.001). Women had significantly higher odds of moderate drinking (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.33–3.09, p < 0.05) and non-smoking (OR = 5.52, 95% CI: 2.96–10.27, p < 0.001) compared to men.
Conclusions: This study clarified the association between higher health interest and engagement in health behaviors. Since engagement in health behaviors was significantly higher among women, non-sedentary workers, and non-managerial employees, incorporating strategies that consider health interests, job types, positions, and gender needs into workplace health programs may enhance their effectiveness.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Image
Authors: Gabriel Tilenenge 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility and Organizational Image. The study sought to identify if attracting and retaining good employees improves organizational image, if maintaining legal and statutory requirements improves organizational image and if communicating with key audiences improves organizational image of Dangote Cement plc Gboko. A case study research design was adopted with population of a 1908 and sample size of 292 which was established from the population using Taro Yamane’s formula. A simple random sampling technique was used for the sample selection. Questionnaires were distributed to the sampled respondents. Collected data were presented in frequency and percentage tables whereas the formulated hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s product moment correlation technique. Findings indicate that; attracting and retaining good employees improve organizational image, communicating with key audiences improve organizational image, maintaining legal and statutory requirements improves organizational image. Based on the result of this study, recommendations were made that; every organization should showcase policies and practices that are capable of attracting and retaining good employees to improve their organizational image, as well they should improve their communication process to build relationship with key audiences. In addition, organizations should focus on maintaining legal and statutory requirements to improve their organizational image.
Characterization of Nanocellulose Derived from Aloe Vera Using Two Distinct Nanofabrication Techniques
Authors: Sabet Javad Mehrani , Seifi Hossein , Rouhani Yasaman , gill Pooria , Deravi Niloofar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Aloe vera has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, and has been utilized in dentistry for several biomedical applications, including dentistry. Nanocellulose (NC), a natural fiber derived from cellulose, has been synthesized for several biomedical applications, including dentistry, where it has improved the mechanical properties of dental materials. This study aims to extract A. vera-based nanocellulose using two distinct nanofabrication methods, ultrasonication and cryocrushing, and characterize the resulting A. vera-derived nanocellulose, with potential applications in dentistry.
Method
After extracting the inner gel-like part of A. vera, the nanoization process was carried out utilizing two distinct nanofabrication techniques. After that to confirm the nanoization, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis and to determine the thermal stability and compare the effective materials, before and after using two distinct nanofabrication techniques, and simultaneous thermal analysis of STA and GC-MS was performed.
Results
The successful transformation of A. vera extract into A. vera-derived nanocellulose by both nanofabrication techniques without change in its chemical structure and thermal stability were confirmed based on TEM, GC-MS and STA analyses.
Conclusion
The successful nanoization of A. vera extract by both nanofabrication techniques were done.
Cold, creeping things: Deep phylogeographic structure in a naturally fragmented cool-adapted skink (Scincidae; Anepischetosia) from south-eastern Australia
Authors: Schembri Rhiannon , Catullo Renee A. , Shea Glenn M. , Oliver Paul M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The temperate forests of eastern Australia have been extensively fragmented over the last 200 years and are now increasingly threatened by fire and climate change. To understand and manage the impacts of these threats, there is a need to understand patterns of endemism and diversity across an array of ecologically divergent taxa. Anepischetosia is a monotypic genus of scincid lizards that is adapted to cool, wet forest habitats in far south-eastern mainland Australia. Here we use reduced representation genomic data and sequencing of the mitochondrial ND4 locus from museum tissue samples to characterise phylogeographic structure and population-level genetic diversity in this taxon. These data reveal novel patterns of deep and geographically localised genetic structuring, including at least six ESUs spanning several candidate species. The depth of divergences between lineages is greater than previously observed within morphospecies of the south-east Australian herpetofauna. Many divergent lineages are associated with localised patches of mesic habitat, especially in the north of the range, suggesting long histories of persistence through major environmental change across the Plio-Pleistocene, similar to that observed in some mesic and temperate taxa from non-glaciated landscapes in the northern hemisphere. Two putative ESUs, whose ranges overlap areas impacted by recent high-intensity bushfires, have low genetic diversity and may be of conservation concern. Additional seemingly isolated and divergent populations in western Victoria remain poorly sampled and may comprise yet further ESUs or candidate species, highlighting the need for surveys, taxonomic research and conservation assessment in this lizard genus.
Exploring Chaotic Dynamics: A Fractal-Fractional Approach to Financial Modeling and Stability Analysis
Authors: Almaghrebi Yousef S. , Raslan K. R. , Salam Mohamed A. Abd El , Ali khalid K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This search uses fractal and fractional derivatives to construct a nancial chaotic model (FCM). The existence and uniqueness of the solution are proved by using the xed point theorem. Using the xed point method, we establish the Ulam-Hyers (UH) stability and Ulam-Hyers-Rassias (UHR) stability for the nonlinear fractal-fractional dierential equations. Numerical solutions are found for FCM using the Adams-Bashforth method (ABM). We tracked the eect of parameters on numerical results, which explained some vague phenomena in the FCM.
UV Treatment Effects on MoS₂ FET Performance: Comprehensive Analysis of Electrical and Noise Characteristics
Authors: Cho Hyeran , Choi YunJae , JinWoo Ahn , Kim Doyoon , Kim DongHyeon , Kim BeomJun , Kim Gyu Tae 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Photo-induced doping has emerged as a promising method for doping two-dimensional (2D) material-based devices due to its simplicity and minimal damage to the channel. However, most studies have primarily focused on improving specific performance metrics such as photo-responsive properties and mobility with limited analysis on noise, which is crucial for device reliability and stability. This study comprehensively investigated both the electrical and noise characteristics of multilayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors (FETs) as a function of ultraviolet (UV) exposure time. Various performance parameters, such as field-effect mobility (μFE) and interface trap density (Dit), were extracted and compared. UV exposure induced a typical n-doping effect, with the threshold voltage shift revealing a more dominant role of oxide traps than interface traps. The 1/f noise pattern of the normalized drain current power spectral density (PSD) decreased with the UV exposure, fitting well to the CNF model in the strong accumulation region and the CNF-CMF model in the weak accumulation region. Extracted noise-related parameters indicated the filling of oxide traps near the interface by UV irradiation. These findings suggest that UV irradiation can modulate oxide traps near the interface, thereby improving the noise characteristics of MoS₂ FETs. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the UV effects on electrical contacts, interface or oxide traps with different levels of noise.