bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our clock is truly ticking—a qualitative study on patients’ experiences of tumor treating fields
Authors: Kastbom Lisa , Karlsson Marit , Letter Nina , Degsell Eskil , Malmström Annika 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
TTFields is recommended internationally for the treatment of glioblastoma. In Sweden, TTFields requires a possibly challenging collaboration between the patient, next-of-kin, healthcare, and the private company providing the device, both from an ethical and practical perspective. Little is known about glioblastoma patients’ own experiences of TTFields treatment.

Methods
Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 31 patients with glioblastoma who had been offered TTFields by the healthcare. These were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

Results
Participants described there being multiple actors around them as TTFields users; (1) device prescription from physicians, sometimes providing insufficient information, (2) practical assistance from next-of-kin, necessary to access treatment, (3) home visits from the private company staff for device control, where close bonds between patients and TTFields staff occurred. TTFields treatment created hope and a feeling of control in an otherwise hopeless situation, sometimes evoking worries at the time of planned treatment stop. Some refrained from TTFields or discontinued early due to fear or experience of negative effects on quality of life. Others described finding practical and mental solutions for coping with the treatment in everyday life.

Conclusions
Our study identified a need for better support and information from healthcare providers for TTFields. A solution is necessary for assistance with TTFields for those without support from next-of-kin. The study raises the question of possible advantages of healthcare handling the technical support of the device instead of a private company, thereby avoiding a true or perceived influence on the patient’s decision to continue or stop treatment.
The Effects of Subsidies for Healthy Foods on Food Purchasing Behaviors, Consumption Patterns, and Obesity/Overweight: A Systematic Review
Authors: Comini Luma de Oliveira , Lopes Sílvia Oliveira , Rocha Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado , Silva Maria Micheliana da Costa , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Taxing unhealthy foods and drinks is an essential measure against the double burden of malnutrition that affects every nation worldwide. In turn, subsidizing the consumption of healthy foods can also be a critical measure for changing the population's behavior and improving health indicators.

Objective
A systematic review was conducted of food subsidies and their potential impact on food purchases, consumption, overweight/obesity, and changes in body mass index (BMI).

Data Sources
The PubMed, Embase, LILAC, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies investigating the effects of subsidies on the amount of food purchased, food consumption, caloric intake, nutrient intake, and their impact on overweight, obesity, and BMI changes. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.

Data Extraction
Two investigators independently performed data screening, extraction, and quality assessment.

Results
Of the 6135 studies screened, 149 were read in full and 18 were included in this systematic review. Most studies investigated the effects of subsidy scenarios on food purchases and observed increases in fruit and vegetable (F&V) purchases when these were subsidized. In randomized controlled studies, subsidized healthy foods were purchased more often. However, when the subsidy was suspended, F&V consumption decreased. Although quasi-experimental studies have demonstrated increased F&V consumption due to subsidies, some studies showed increased saturated fat and sodium intake. Only 2 studies evaluated the relationship between subsidies and obesity, yielding conflicting results.

Conclusion
Although the subsidies appear to encourage purchase and consumption of healthier foods, enhancing the quality and diversity of dietary choices, the removal of subsidies can lead to a decline in the consumption of healthier foods. Additionally, their impact on obesity and BMI remains uncertain and requires further research.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration by the number CRD42023442122.
Lyme Disease Prophylaxis by Single-Dose Doxycycline in the United States, 2010–2020
Authors: Marx Grace E , Beck Alyssa , Corey Cate , Fuller Candace C , Haug Nicole , Ko Jenice S , Martin Dave , Hinckley Alison F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Single-dose doxycycline after high-risk tick bites can prevent Lyme disease, which disproportionately affects children. We described single-dose doxycycline dispensings in an outpatient cohort in the United States. During 2010–2020, a total of 427 105 patients received ≥1 dispensing(s); most were aged ≥65 years. Lyme disease postexposure prophylaxis may be underprescribed for some groups, including children.
Retracted: Lethal Disseminated Mucorales Infection With Positive Blood Cultures With Purpura Fulminans Complicating Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Matsuo Takahiro , Wurster Sebastian , Ivan Doina , Hicklen Rachel , McConn Kelly , Bagwell Kelli A , Khawaja Fareed , Chemaly Roy F , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article has been retracted. Please see: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae730
Peroxisomal Localization of Benzyl Alcohol O-Benzoyltransferase HSR201 is Mediated by a Non-canonical Peroxisomal Targeting Signal and Required for Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Kotera Yu , Asai Yoshika , Okano Shutaro , Tokutake Yukako , Hosomi Akira , Saito Katsuharu , Yonekura Shinichi , Katou Shinpei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) regulates plant responses to various types of environmental stress, particularly pathogen infections. We previously revealed that the benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase HSR201 was required for pathogen signal-induced SA synthesis, and its overexpression together with NtCNL, encoding a cinnamate-coenzyme A ligase, was sufficient for the production of significant amounts of SA in tobacco. We herein examined the subcellular localization of HSR201 and found that it fused to a yellow fluorescent protein localized in peroxisomes. Most peroxisomal matrix proteins possess peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) located at the extreme C-terminus or PTS2 located at the N-terminus; however, a bioinformatics analysis failed to identify similar signals for HSR201. Deletion and mutation analyses of HSR201 identified one essential (extreme C-terminal Leu460) and three important (Ile455, Ile456 and Ala459) amino acid residues for its peroxisomal localization. The virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of PEX5, a PTS1 receptor, but not PEX7, a PTS2 receptor, compromised the peroxisomal targeting of HSR201 in Nicotiana benthamiana. When overexpressed with NtCNL, HSR201 mutants with reduced or non-peroxisomal targeting induced lower SA levels than the wild type; however, these mutations did not affect the protein stability or activity of HSR201. VIGS of the HSR201 homolog compromised pathogen signal-induced SA accumulation in N. benthamiana, which was complemented by the HSR201 wild type, but not the mutant with non-peroxisomal targeting. These results suggest that the peroxisomal localization of HSR201 is mediated by a non-canonical PTS1 and required for SA biosynthesis.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 phosphorylates MYC2 transcription factors to regulate jasmonic acid signaling and herbivory responses in maize
Authors: Li Sen , Ma Canrong , Li Shalan , Zhang Mou , Zhang Cuiping , Qi Jinfeng , Wang Lei , Wu Xuna , Li Jing , Wu Jianqiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Regulation of responses induced by herbivory and jasmonic acid (JA) remains poorly understood in the important staple crop maize (Zea mays). MYC2 is the key transcription factor regulating many aspects of JA signaling, while mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs or MPKs) play important roles in various plant physiological processes. Using a combination of reverse genetics, transcriptome analysis, and biochemical assays, we elucidated the important role of mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) in maize resistance to insects and in JA signaling. Silencing MPK4 increased the JA and jasmonoyl-isoleucine levels elicited by wounding or simulated herbivory but decreased maize resistance to armyworm (Mythimna separata) larvae. We showed that MPK4 is required for transcriptional regulation of many genes responsive to methyl jasmonate, indicating the important role of maize MPK4 in JA signaling. Biochemical analyses indicated that MPK4 directly phosphorylates MYC2s at Thr115 of MYC2a and Thr112 of MYC2b. Compared with nonphosphorylated MYC2s, phosphorylated MYC2s were more prone to degradation and exhibited enhanced transactivation activity against the promoters of several benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes, which are important for maize defense against insects. This study reveals the essential role of maize MPK4 in JA signaling and provides insights into the functions of MAPKs in maize.
Death and survival of gut CD4 T cells following HIV-1 infection ex vivo
Authors: Mickens Kaylee L , Dillon Stephanie M , Guo Kejun , Thompson Ashley N , Barrett Bradley S , Wood Cheyret , Kechris Katerina , Santiago Mario L , Wilson Cara C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is ground zero for the massive and sustained CD4 T cell depletion during acute HIV-1 infection. To date, the molecular mechanisms governing this fundamental pathogenic process remain unclear. HIV-1 infection in the gastrointestinal tract is associated with chronic inflammation due to a disrupted epithelial barrier that results in microbial translocation. Here, we utilized the lamina propria aggregate culture model to demonstrate that the profound induction of granzyme B by bacteria in primary gut CD4 T cells ex vivo significantly contributes to HIV-1-mediated CD4 T cell death. Counterintuitively, a substantial fraction of gut granzyme B+ CD4 T cells harboring high levels of HIV-1 infection survive via a pathway linked to CD120b/TNFR2. Our findings underscore previously undescribed mechanisms governing the death and survival of gut CD4 T cells during HIV-1 infection that could inform strategies to counter HIV-1 pathogenesis and persistence in this critical tissue compartment.
Cell-microsphere based living microhybrids for osteogenesis regulating to boosting biomineralization
Authors: Hu Zhaofan , Zhang Yunyang , Zhang Jingjing , Zheng Ran , Yang Yang , Kong Fei , Li Haoran , Yang Xinyan , Yang Shuhui , Kong Xiangdong , Zhao Ruibo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Biomineralization-based cell-material living composites ex vivo showed great potential for living materials construction and cell regulation. However, cells in scaffolds with unconnected pores usually induce confined nutrient transfer and cell–cell communications, affecting the transformation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and the mineralization process. Herein, the osteoblast-materials living hybrids were constructed with porous PLLA microspheres using a rational design, in which cell-based living materials presented an improved osteoblast differentiation and mineralization model using rationally designed cell-microsphere composites. The results indicated that the microfluidic-based technique provided an efficient and highly controllable approach for producing on-demand PLLA microspheres with tiny pores (&lt;5 μm), medium pores (5–15 μm) and large pores (&gt;15 μm), as well as further drug delivery. Furthermore, the simvastatin (SIM)-loaded porous PLLA microsphere with ε-polylysine (ε-PL) modification was used for osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) implantation, achieving the cell-material living microhybrids, and the results demonstrated the ε-PL surface modification and SIM could improve osteoblast behavior regulation, including cell adhesion, proliferation, as well as the antibacterial effects. Both in vitro and in vivo results significantly demonstrated further cell proliferation, differentiation and cascade mineralization regulation. Then, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction or histological staining of typical markers, including collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 2, as well as the calcium mineral deposition staining in situ, reconfirmed the transformation of osteoblasts into osteocytes. These achievements revealed a promising boost in osteogenesis toward mineralization at the microtissue level by cell-microsphere integration, suggesting an alternative strategy for materials-based ex vivo tissue construction and cell regulation, further demonstrating excellent application prospects in the field of biomineralization-based tissue regeneration.
Molecular Evidence for Altered Angiogenesis in Neuroinflammation-Associated Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Implicate an Abnormal Midbrain Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Zhu Yunting , Webster Maree J , Mendez Victoriano Gerardo , Middleton Frank A , Massa Paul T , Weickert Cynthia Shannon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Angiogenesis triggered by inflammation increases BBB permeability and facilitates macrophage transmigration. In the midbrain, we have discovered molecular alterations related to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including endothelial cell changes associated with macrophage diapedesis, in neuroinflammatory schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but changes in angiogenesis are yet to be reported. Hypothesis: We expected to discover molecular evidence of altered angiogenesis in the midbrain in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared to controls, with these changes more evident in “high” inflammation schizophrenia as compared to “low” inflammation.

Study Design
In a case-control post-mortem cohort including schizophrenia (n = 35), bipolar disorder (n = 35), and controls (n = 33), we measured mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (multiplex immunoassays) and performed immunohistochemistry to determine levels and anatomical distribution of angiogenesis-related molecules in the ventral midbrain.

Study Results
We found large changes in angiogenesis factors in bipolar disorder high inflammatory subgroup (increased angiopoietin-2 and SERPINE1 mRNAs, but decreased angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, and TEK receptor proteins). In schizophrenia high inflammatory subgroup, we found a robust increase in SERPINE1 mRNA and protein levels. However, we found no significant changes in angiopoietins in schizophrenia. We found that VEGFA mRNA level was increased in high inflammation schizophrenia, but only reached statistical significance compared to one low inflammatory subgroup.

Conclusions
Thus, angiogenesis signaling pathways appeared to be involved in the BBB alterations when inflammation is also present in the midbrain of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with increased levels of SERPINE1 in schizophrenia high inflammatory subgroup and with a putative suppression of angiopoietin signaling in bipolar disorder high inflammatory subgroup.
Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Neuroimaging Features Supports the Role of Microbiome–Gut–Brain Crosstalk in Schizophrenia
Authors: Wu Hui , Liu Yaxi , Han Yunwu , Liu Bingdong , Chen Shengyun , Ye Zhiye , Li Jianbo , Xie Liwei , Wu Xiaoli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ) and relevant changes in the brain, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the microbiota–gut–brain crosstalk centered on peripheral inflammation in SZ patients.

Study Design
We recruited a cohort of 182 SZ patients and 120 healthy controls (HC). Multi-omics data, including fecal 16S rRNA, cytokine data, and neuroimaging data, were collected and synthesized for analysis. Multi-omics correlations and mediation analyses were utilized to determine the associations of gut microbiome with inflammatory cytokines and neuroimaging characteristics. Additionally, machine learning models for effective SZ diagnosis were separately generated based on gut microbial and neuroimaging data.

Study Results
Gut microbial dysbiosis, characterized by a decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria and an increase in proinflammatory bacteria, has been identified in SZ patients. These key microbial taxa were associated with increased inflammatory cytokines, potentially through mediating lipid metabolic pathways such as steroid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism. Further analysis revealed altered microbial genera to be correlated with disrupted gray matter volume and regional homogeneity in SZ patients. Importantly, certain inflammatory cytokines mediated the relationship between the SZ-enriched genus Succinivibrio and aberrant activity of anterior cingulate cortex and left inferior temporal gyrus in the SZ group. Moreover, the classification model based on gut microbial data showed comparable efficacy to the model based on brain functional signatures in SZ diagnosis.

Conclusions
This study presents evidence for the dysregulated microbiota–gut–brain axis in SZ and emphasizes the central role of peripheral inflammation.
Deprescribing strategies for proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Young Julia , Fuller Jordan A. , Guidry Corey M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for a number of gastric-acid related diseases. Although these agents demonstrate enhanced efficacy and tolerability compared with other acid-suppressive therapies, long-term use is associated with a number of adverse reactions. This article summarizes appropriate indications for short- and long-term use of PPIs and describes deprescribing strategies that clinicians can use to reduce unnecessary PPI use in their patients.
Filling the void
Authors: Jones Rebecca B. , Mohammad Natalie F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Palliative care, which focuses on symptom management, quality of life, and communication, is appropriate for patients at any age and any stage in the disease process. Because of increased patient demand, the United States faces a shortage of palliative care specialists. Expansion of palliative care curriculum in physician associate/assistant (PA) programs, on-the-job training, and improvement of regulatory practice guidelines can help PAs alleviate the shortage of palliative care professionals.
Diagnosis and management of diverticular disease in primary care
Authors: Pateneaude Cassandra , Lyden Catherine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Each year, more than 1 million ambulatory patient visits occur for diverticular disease, with nearly 75% of these patients seen in outpatient clinics. Although diverticulitis historically had been considered a disease of the older adult, it has become increasingly prevalent among the younger population. Likewise, in the past, antibiotics were considered first-line treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis (Hinchey classification 0 and Ia); however, two large clinical trials compared treatment with antibiotics versus without antibiotics in uncomplicated cases of the disease and found no significant difference in patient outcomes. Based on these findings, first-line management now constitutes clear-liquid diet along with bowel rest for resolution of symptoms in these patients. Proper management with lifestyle modifications can help prevent complications and improve outcomes for patients with this condition; patient education is therefore critical.
Advancing preventive health care for men across the lifespan
Authors: Gallegos Julian L. , Serrano Carlos , Holly Cheryl , Nelson John 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Historically, cisgender men have been found to be reluctant to utilize healthcare services, particularly preventive care services. NPs can bridge this gap to address health disparities among men, who are more likely to develop life-threatening conditions and who generally face higher mortality at younger ages than women. Focusing on advancing preventive care among men strengthens family, community, and societal health, and the NP is crucial in fostering a culture of preventive care in this population. To help drive this change, use of a life-stage approach that incorporates a preventive care mindset is critical. The NP should tailor health strategies to each life phase to ensure that men receive the best preventive care possible across the lifespan.
Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Foot and Ankle Fractures in a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center is a Safe, Cost-effective Alternative to a Hospital
Authors: Chen Stephanie , Ritchie Jordan , Hernandez Jacob , Khan Nyma , Nolan Vikki , Sheffer Benjamin W. , Kelly Derek M. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
In the United States, the number of pediatric fractures treated in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) continues to increase. Few studies have compared the outcomes and complications of treating these injuries in a freestanding ASC versus in a hospital setting. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes, treatment times, and costs for treatment of pediatric foot and ankle fractures in the ASC and hospital.

Methods:
A retrospective review identified pediatric patients with isolated, closed, and acute (below 3 wk) distal tibia, ankle, or foot fractures who underwent closed reduction in an operating room or operative fixation between January 2015 and December 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups: ASC and hospital. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, mechanism of injury, surgical time, facility time, costs for treatment, and complications. Preoperative and postoperative alignment was assessed on radiographs. Clinical outcomes included pain, weight-bearing, or deformity at final follow-up. Multivariable generalized linear models and logistic regression were used to determine the association between surgical setting and treatment outcomes, times, and costs.

Results:
Two hundred and twenty-three patients were identified; 115 treated in the ASC and 108 treated in the hospital. Adjusted for age at treatment, injury type, procedure performed, and preoperative alignment, there were no differences in surgical time, clinical or radiographic outcomes, or complications between groups. The mean total operating room time, total facility time, and total charges were significantly lower in patients treated in the ASC than in the hospital.

Conclusion:
Pediatric distal tibia, ankle, and foot fractures can be safely treated in an ASC with equivalent outcomes and complications compared with those in a hospital setting. Benefits include shorter total surgical and facility times as well as decreased cost of care. These findings could allow for patients to receive more timely and efficient treatment with less financial burden.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic.