bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol consumption following mild traumatic brain injury is related to blood‐brain barrier permeability
Authors: Poznanski Piotr , Lesniak Anna , Korostynski Michal , Sacharczuk Mariusz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral preclinical and clinical studies that deal with the neuropathological consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have focused on unraveling its effect on ethanol drinking behavior. Previous reports describe changes in ethanol consumption, both in animal models of mTBI as well as in patients, after concussive brain injury. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still poorly understood. In the present study, we used a unique model of mouse lines divergently selected for high (HA) or low (LA) swim stress‐induced analgesia to examine the effect of mTBI on ethanol drinking behavior. In comparison with LA mice, their HA counterparts exhibited increased blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability, lower basal alcohol preference, and lower level of stress‐induced ethanol intake. Here, we showed that mTBI attenuates voluntary ethanol intake in LA, but not in HA mice. Interestingly, BBB disruption after mannitol infusion also decreases the level of ethanol drinking behavior in this line. We conclude that in alcohol‐preferring LA mice, BBB disruption as a consequence of mTBI attenuates ethanol consumption. Our results suggest that the innate level of BBB integrity plays a pivotal role in regulation of ethanol consumption in mice showing differential endogenous opioid system activity.
The Middle East Needs to Rediscover its Market Roots
Authors: Sanandaji Nima 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnterprise, banking, free markets and free‐market economic policies are often assumed to have a relatively new Western origin. In fact, the practice of market exchange had already evolved 4,000 years ago in the ancient Middle East. Later, market‐based economies independently also developed in China and India. The oldest recorded intellectual support for free‐market economic policy is found in ancient Persia and China. Acknowledging the Eastern roots of capitalism is important at a time when Eastern cultures are moving towards a market renaissance.
Anti‐Competitive Market Distortions: A Typology
Authors: Singham Shanker A. , Rangan U. Srinivasa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMarket distortions are seen in almost every country. These distortions are created by policymakers. Sometimes they are a response to genuine market failures. More often, though, these distortions are meant to tilt the field of competition and they have strong anti‐competitive effects. In this article we create a typology of such anti‐competitive market distortions (ACMDs) and show how each of them has strongly negative consumer welfare implications.
The Continuing Burden of Occupational Licensing in the United States
Authors: Carpenter Dick M. , Knepper Lisa , Sweetland Kyle , McDonald Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study follows up an earlier study in which we examined the scope and burden of 102 occupational licensing laws in the United States for low‐ and moderate‐income occupations. Using data collected in 2017, findings indicate that the licences studied require of aspiring workers, on average, US$262 in fees, one exam, and about 12 months of education and training, plus minimum grade and age levels. Data also indicate striking disparities in requirements within and between occupations and within and between states. A comparison with licensing requirements in 2012 indicates that requirements have generally increased, with the greatest increase being in fees. Among states, Alaska and Hawaii saw the greatest increases in licensing requirements.
M‐Pesa and the ‘Market‐Led’ Approach to Financial Inclusion
Authors: Burns Scott 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInclusive financial systems play a critical role in fostering economic growth and development. However, the question of what is the best means of achieving this has long been a puzzle. In this article, I use the mobile money revolution in Sub‐Saharan Africa to show that the greatest examples of financial development have come from nations embracing a market‐led approach that removes repressive regulations and gives entrepreneurs the freedom to discover innovative ways to access the unbanked. Comparing the successes and failures of mobile money across the continent over the past decade, I argue that the best predictor of whether a country will reap the benefits of these transformative innovations is whether its government embraces a laissez‐faire, or ‘enabling’, regulatory approach that encourages entrepreneurship and experimentation.
Managing risk in the public sector – The interaction between vernacular and formal risk management systems
Authors: Carlsson‐Wall Martin , Kraus Kalle , Meidell Anita , Tran Patrik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the management of risk in a large public sector organization. Accounting research on “new” risk management in the public sector has focused on how formal risk management systems emerge through a top–down approach, primarily driven by external demands. Our study contributes to this body of work by detailing the emergence and operation of vernacular risk management systems, that is, systems self‐generated by organizational actors in the context of their work and not officially sanctioned within the organizational hierarchy (cf., Kilfoyle, Richardson & MacDonald, 2013). In this, we theorize how such systems interact with formal risk management systems, thereby also contributing to other disciplines such as crisis management and project management. Drawing on Fischer and Ferlie (2013), we detail how several vernacular systems co‐exist and have different interaction modes with the formal risk management system, and consider how these modes of interaction also change over time. Finally, our results highlight the link between the operation of “new” risk management and inter‐organizational relationships, demonstrating that such relationships can be an important asset to build on in risk management work.
Relationship between recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) and environment of larval habitat in the low‐stock period (1995–2010)
Authors: Nishikawa Haruka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStock level of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) was high from 1980s to early 1990s and low from late 1990s to 2000s. The warm and cold water masses in the vicinity of the Kuroshio axis from winter to early spring used to be critical for the recruitment in the high‐stock period, because most of the larvae were distributed there. However, the environmental fluctuation might not affect the recruitment in the low‐stock period. Some studies reported that spawning location and spawning season, and hence the larval habitat, differ depending on the stock level. Three points were investigated in this study: (a) how spawning location and spawning season shifted from the late 1990s, (b) confirmation of the distribution area of larvae in the recent low‐stock period and (c) whether the water temperature in the vicinity of the Kuroshio axis was still related to the recruitment in the low‐stock period. The spawning location and spawning season clearly changed after 1995. Consequently, particle tracking experiments suggested that the larvae appeared in the vicinity of the Kuroshio axis from winter to early spring decreased. Nevertheless, only the ambient temperature of larvae that appeared in the vicinity of the Kuroshio axis from winter had a significant negative correlation with an index of the recruitment in the low‐stock period. It is suggested that the warm and cold masses in the vicinity of the Kuroshio axis are critical for the recruitment regardless of the stock level.
Translation, transcultural adaptation, and validation of two questionnaires on shared decision making
Authors: Ruiz Yanzi María Victoria , Barani Mariela Silvia , Franco Juan Victor Ariel , Vazquez Peña Fernando Ramón , Terrasa Sergio Adrian , Kopitowski Karin Silvana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo translate, transcultural adapt, and validate the “CollaboRATE” measure and the “Ask 3 Questions” intervention in Argentina, allowing us to quantify the degree of use and implementation of shared decision making (SDM).DesignCross‐sectional study.Setting and ParticipantsData were collected in an academic hospital in Buenos Aires. Physician–patient pairs were invited to participate following their scheduled outpatient visits.MeasurementsTwo processes were carried out as follows: (a) The translation and transcultural adaptation process, in which translations were produced and then adapted to Spanish. (b) The validation process, in which questionnaires were completed by patient–physician pairs, the results of which were subsequently analysed. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and construct validity (principal component analysis) were assessed.ResultsThe final Spanish versions of “CollaboRATE” and “Ask 3 Questions” were tested in a primary care sample of 56 participants. Both instruments presented adequate reliability and validity. Internal consistency yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 98.3 for the “CollaboRATE” measure and 0.77 and 0.69 for the patients and physicians versions of the “Ask 3 Questions” intervention. Principal components analysis showed eigenvalues of first component >1.Discussion and ConclusionsWe obtained valid and reliable Spanish versions of the “CollaboRATE” measure and the “Ask 3 Questions” intervention. These versions can be used for the assessment of SDM in clinical visits, and to obtain new information which could help the monitoring of its implementation.
Radioprotective effects of roxadustat (FG‐4592) in haematopoietic system
Authors: Zhang Pei , Du Jicong , Zhao Hainan , Cheng Ying , Dong Suhe , Yang Yanyong , Li Bailong , Gao Fu , Sun Xuejun , Cai Jianming , Liu Cong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIonizing radiation often causes severe injuries to radiosensitive tissues, especially haematopoietic system. Novel radioprotective drugs with low toxicity and high effectiveness are required. Prolyl hydroxylases domain (PHD) inhibitors have been reported to protect against radiation‐induced gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effects of a PHD inhibitor, roxadustat (FG‐4592), against radiation‐induced haematopoietic injuries in vitro and in vivo.MethodsTissue injuries were evaluated by Haematoxilin‐Eosin (HE) staining assay. HSCs were determined by flow cytometry with the Lin−Sca‐1+c‐Kit+ (LSK) phenotype. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI staining assay. Immunofluorescence was performed to measure radiation‐induced DNA damage. A western blot assay was used to detect the changes of proteins related to apoptosis.ResultsWe found that FG‐4592 pretreatment increased survival rate of irradiated mice and protected bone marrow and spleen from damages. Number of bone marrow cells (BMCs) and LSK cells were also increased both in irradiated mice and recipients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). FG‐4592 also protected cells against radiation‐induced apoptosis and double strand break of DNA.ConclusionsOur data showed that FG‐4592 exhibited radioprotective properties in haematopoietic system both in vivo and in vitro through up‐regulating HIF‐1α, indicating a potential role of FG‐4592 as a novel radioprotector.
Liberal Intergovernmentalism in the Councils of the EU: A Baseline Theory?
Authors: Naurin Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHow has the research on the European Council and the Council of the EU engaged with Moravcsik's theory on liberal intergovernmentalism (LI)? This article analyzes 25 years of Council research. Most of this literature does not refer to LI, and a majority of the references that are made raise critique against LI. However, compared to other major works on European integration, LI is by far the most important source in the Council literature. Furthermore, a closer look at the most significant challenges raised against LI indicates that its account of intergovernmental bargaining in the EU is not in serious question. On the other hand, few studies provide systematic tests of the key assumptions of LI with regards to interstate bargaining. As a result, the self‐proclaimed status of LI as a baseline theory is confirmed in the Council literature more by implicit, somewhat reluctant, consent than by overt support.
The interpretive contribution of the baseline serum cortisol concentration of the ACTH stimulation test in the diagnosis of pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Nivy Ran , Refsal Kent R. , Ariel Ella , Kuzi Sharon , Yas‐Natan Einat , Mazaki‐Tovi Michal 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCurrent recommendation for performing the ACTH stimulation test (ACTHST) for diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) advocates the collection of baseline serum cortisol concentration (BC), but no references for interpretation of its results exist.ObjectiveEvaluate the contribution of BC of the ACTHST to the diagnosis of HAC.AnimalsFifty‐four dogs were evaluated for suspected HAC at a referral hospital.MethodsRecords of dogs that had been evaluated by ACTHST for suspected HAC were reviewed. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses were used to assess the performance of BC, post‐stimulation serum cortisol concentrations (PC), post‐to‐baseline cortisol concentration difference (DeltaC) and quotient (RatioC) for the diagnosis of HAC by comparing the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PC to each of the other tests.ResultsThe AUC of PC (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81‐0.98) was significantly higher than AUCs of BC (0.70; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.82;P= .01) and RatioC (0.55; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.69;P< .001), and was not significantly different from AUC of DeltaC (0.86; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.94;P= .09). An optimal cutoff value of 683 nmol/L (24.8 μg/dL) for PC yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 94%, respectively, and a cutoff value of 718 nmol/L (26.0 μg/dL) yielded a specificity of 100% with of 81% sensitivity for the diagnosis of pituitary‐dependent HAC.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe PC had good discriminatory ability for the diagnosis of HAC. It was comparable to DeltaC, whereas BC and RatioC were ineffective. Current recommendations to collect samples for BC appear redundant.
Impaired mental health status in patients with chronic kidney disease is associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline
Authors: Onishi Yasuhiro , Uchida Haruhito A , Takeuchi Hidemi , Kakio Yuki , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Wada Jun , Shimada Noriaki , Tokumasu Hironobu , Fukushima Masaki , Asano Kenichiro 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAimDeteriorated health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is associated with increased risk for death in both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients; however, the impact of HRQOL on CKD progression is not well investigated.MethodsWe aimed to evaluate the association between HRQOL and CKD progression in Japanese patients with CKD. One hundred and three outpatients who visited the department of nephrology at our hospital (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); 32.1 ± 11.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2) between April 2007 and March 2012 were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was 30% decline of eGFR or ESRD. We assessed HRQOL of all participants at baseline, including the physical component summary (PCS), the mental component summary (MCS) and the role/social component summary (RCS), using SF‐36. Based on the baseline score of PCS, MCS and RCS, we divided all subjects into two groups by median.ResultsWe studied 66 men (64.1%) and 37 women aged 61.7 ± 10.0 years old. During approximately 2.5 years of follow‐up period, 59 patients (57.3%) reached 30% eGFR decline or ESRD. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that lower MCS score was significantly associated with CKD progression (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.04–3.21, P = 0.035), but that lower PCS score and RCS score were not (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.39–1.25, P = 0.223; HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.54–1.67, P = 0.854, respectively).ConclusionWe found that impaired mental health was associated with CKD progression. The evaluation of the mental health should be performed in the patients with CKD.
Vasopressin augments TNBS‐induced colitis through enteric neuronal V1a receptor‐mediated COX‐2‐dependent prostaglandin release from mast cells in mice
Authors: Dou Dandan , Chen Lixin , Di Hong , Song Zhuoran , Li Shirui , Bu Xinjie , Dai Qing , Wang Shuai , Li Jing Xin , Zhu Xiaolong , Jing Haiyan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a functional disorder with chronic and relapsing clinical features. Vasopressin (VP) is a hormone responsible for water and stress homeostasis and also regulates gastrointestinal inflammation and motility. We explored whether VP was related to IBD pathogenesis and its possible pathway.MethodsColitis was induced by 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice. The disease activity and colonic damage were evaluated through a scoring system. Locations of the V1a receptor were revealed by immunochemistry method in colon. Ussing chamber technique was performed for the electrophysiological characterization by using rat ileum. The (Arg8)‐Vasopressin (AVP)‐evoked short‐circuit current (Isc) was recorded in the presence of conivaptan (V1a and V2 receptor antagonist), tolvaptan (V1b receptor antagonist), tetrodotoxin (TTX), atropine, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors (indomethacin, nonspecific COX antagonist; SC560, COX‐1 antagonist; NS560, COX‐2 antagonist), and a stabilizer of mast cell (cromolyn sodium), respectively.Key ResultsTNBS resulted in the obvious loss of body weight and tissue damages in mice. AVP significantly aggravated the TNBS‐induced colitis, which was attenuated by conivaptan but not tolvaptan. V1a receptors were found immunopositive in neurons among the enteric nervous system. AVP evoked a pulsatile response in Isc. Its amplitude, frequency, and cycle duration were around 8‐15 µA/cm2, 10‐11 mHz, and 1.5 minutes, respectively. Notably, the AVP‐evoked change in Isc was abolished by TTX, atropine, conivaptan, indomethacin, NS560, and cromolyn sodium, respectively.Conclusions and InferencesVP‐V1a receptor played the proinflammatory role in TNBS‐induced colitis by promoting COX‐2‐dependent prostaglandin release from mucosal mast cells, which was mediated by the cholinergic pathway.
Ownership and Membership: Practices and Experiences of Neighbourhood Residents in the Wijsgeren Community Garden in Amsterdam
Authors: Spierings Bas , Van Liempt Ilse , Maliepaard Emiel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCity governments worldwide have embraced urban agriculture, including community gardening, for the multiple societal benefits which they promise. Many academic studies have also emphasised and celebrated the benefits of community gardening but the debate surrounding it increasingly takes a more critical stance by also paying attention to the societal drawbacks. This paper aims to further enrich this more critical debate by analysing processes of social inclusion and social exclusion in and around the community garden in the Wijsgeren neighbourhood of Amsterdam. By looking at the practices and experiences of both gardeners and non‐gardeners, processes of inclusion and exclusion are unravelled in terms of ownership and membership of the community garden. In so doing, exclusionary barriers based on non‐ownership and non‐membership are pinpointed in particular.
Determining day‐to‐day human variation in indirect calorimetry using Bayesian decision theory
Authors: Tenan Matthew S. , Bohannon Addison W. , Macfarlane Duncan J. , Crouter Scott E. 
Published: October 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We sought to understand the day‐to‐day variability of human indirect calorimetry during rest and exercise. Previous work has been unable to separate human day‐to‐day variability from measurement error and within‐trial human variability. We developed models accounting for different levels of human‐ and machine‐level variance and compared the probability density functions using total variation distance.

What is the main finding and its importance?
After accounting for multiple levels of variance, the average human day‐to‐day variability of minute ventilation, CO2 output and O2 uptake is 4.0, 1.8 and 2.0%, respectively. This is a new method to understand human variability and directly enhances our understanding of human variance during indirect calorimetry.

AbstractOne of the challenges of precision medicine is understanding when serial measurements taken across days are quantifiably different from each other. Previous work examining gas exchange measured by indirect calorimetry has been unable to separate differential measurement error, within‐trial human variance and day‐to‐day human variance effectively in order to ascertain how variable humans are across testing sessions. We used previously published reliability data to construct models of indirect calorimetry variance and compare these models with methods arising from Bayesian decision theory. These models are conditional on the data upon which they are derived and assume that errors conform to a truncated normal distribution. A serial analysis of modelled probability density functions demonstrated that the average human day‐to‐day variance in minute ventilation (), carbon dioxide output () and oxygen uptake () was 4.0, 1.8 and 2.0%, respectively. However, the average day‐to‐day variability masked a wide range of non‐linear variance across flow rates, particularly for . This is the first report isolating day‐to‐day human variability in indirect calorimetry gas exchange from other sources of variability. This method can be extended to other physiological tools, and an extension of this work facilitates a statistical tool to examine within‐trial differences, available in a graphical user interface.
Landscapes that work for biodiversity and people
Authors: Kremen C. , Merenlender A. M. 
Published: October 2018

A nature-friendly matrix
As the human population has grown, we have taken and modified more and more land, leaving less and less for nonhuman species. This is clearly unsustainable, and the amount of land we protect for nature needs to be increased and preserved. However, this still leaves vast regions of the world unprotected and modified. Such landscapes do not have to be a lost cause. Kremen and Merenlender review how biodiversity-based techniques can be used to manage most human-modified lands as “working landscapes.” These can provide for human needs and maintain biodiversity not just for ecosystem services but also for maintenance and persistence of nonhuman species.

Science
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Shear properties of Earth’s inner core constrained by a detection of
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waves in global correlation wavefield
Authors: Tkalčić Hrvoje , Phạm Thanh-Son 
Published: October 2018

A solid and squishy inner core
Earth's inner core is thought to be solid, which means it should support shear waves. However, the small size of the inner core makes detecting shear waves very difficult. Tkalčić and Phạm correlated different types of seismic phases to finally determine the speed of shear waves in Earth's inner core (see the Perspective by Irving). The detection of the waves closes an 80-year quest to find them and confirms a solid, but soft, inner core.

Science
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