bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of 30-Day Unplanned Readmissions, Complications, and Mortality Following Operative Management of C2 Fractures
Authors: Bernstein David N. , Thirukumaran Caroline , Raudenbush Brandon , Molinari Robert W. , Menga Emmanuel N. , Mesfin Addisu 
Published: May 2019

Study Design: Retrospective database review. Objectives: To determine factors associated with unplanned readmission, complications, and mortality in patients undergoing operative management for C2 fractures. Methods: The American College of Surgeons–National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) was queried between 2007 and 2014. Unplanned readmission, any complication, and mortality were the outcomes of interest. Bivariate statistics were calculated, and multivariate regression models were estimated. Results: A total of 285 patients were enrolled. Readmission data was available for 199 patients and 11 patients (5.5% of 199 patients) had an unplanned readmission. Overall, 60 patients (21% of 285 patients) had at least 1 complication and 15 patients (5.3% of 285 patients) died. Five factors were associated with complications: transferred from another facility (odds ratio [OR] 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.51-5.98; P < .01); operative time ≥180 minutes (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.11-5.36; P = .03); at least 1 patient comorbidity (OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.01-6.18; P < .05); American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 (OR 4.86, 95% CI 1.19-19.88; P = .03); and ASA class 4 (OR 7.24, 95% CI 1.66-31.66; P = .01). The only factor associated with unplanned readmission was having at least one postoperative complication (OR 7.10, 95% CI 1.04-48.59; P < .05), while patients who were partially or totally dependent from a functional standpoint were at increased odds of death (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.12-14.08; P = .03). Conclusions: Patients with functional limitations have increased odds of death, while patients with postoperative complications have increased odds of unplanned readmission. Being transferred from an outside facility, having an operative time ≥180 minutes, having at least one comorbidity, and being classified as ASA class 3 or 4 increase patient odds of complication.
A Prospective Long-term Follow-up Study of the Posterior Dynamic Stabilizing System to Treat Back Pain Associated With Degenerative Disc Disease
Authors: Kareem Haider , Ulbricht Christian 
Published: May 2019

Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a posterior dynamic spine stabilization (PDS) System called PercuDyn system as a treatment for low back pain (LBP) in patients with degenerative disc disease who have failed conservative treatment. Methods: Thirty-five patients (21 males, 14 females, mean age 36 years) with chronic LBP due to degenerative disc disease underwent percutaneous facet augmentation with the PercuDyn system. Indications for implanting the PercuDyn device were chronic LBP without sciatica, significant disc degeneration, and who failed conservative treatment. Follow-up after surgery ranged from 4 to 8 years. Patients were clinically evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire, and the EQ-5D3L. Results: The VAS scale and ODI scores improved at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 to 8 years in comparison with the baseline values ( P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). Equally, data from the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire suggested improvements in all domains, including pain and discomfort, over the follow-up period. However, during follow-up, 16 patients (46%) have had unsatisfactory outcome including failure of implant to resolve symptoms (n = 8), developed symptomatic disc protrusion (n = 4), and loosening of the screws (n = 4). Conclusion: Our clinical experience highlights the rather high overall failure rate of this system. Although, some patients show significant improvement in their symptoms, we believe that patients with LBP related to degenerative disc disease are a poor indication for this PDS device.However, large scale studies, with optimised selection criteria are needed to demonstrate the exact role of this device in spinal patients.
Is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Associated With Outcomes After Lumbar Spine Surgery?
Authors: Carreon Leah Y. , Jespersen Annette B. , Støttrup Christian C. , Hansen Karen H. , Andersen Mikkel O. 
Published: May 2019

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort. Objectives: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was developed to provide clinicians a reliable, valid, and practical tool to identify and quantify the anxiety and depression in medical patients. Several studies have shown that patients with chronic low back pain may have subclinical depression and impairments in mental health and that these in turn may lead to less than optimal results after lumbar spine surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine if there are associations between preoperative HADS and differences in pre- and postoperative health-related quality-of-life (HRQOLs) scores after spine surgery. Methods: From a single center, a consecutive series of patients completed the HADS, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), EuroQOL-5D (EQ-5D), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for back and leg pain. Except for HADS, the patients completed the same HRQOLs 1 year after surgery. Results: Of 308 eligible cases, 208 (68%) had follow-up data available and were included in the analysis. Patients in the HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) Abnormal category had the worst preoperative HRQOLs but had the greatest improvement in 1-year postoperative scores. Except for VAS Leg Pain, preoperative HRQOLs were better in patients in the HADS-Depressed (HADS-D) Normal category. Patients in the HADS-D Abnormal category had statistically significantly greater improvement in 1-year postoperative EQ-5D and ODI scores when compared with the other cohorts. Conclusion: Worse HADS-A and HADS-D scores are associated with worse preoperative HRQOL scores in patients with lumbar degenerative disorders scheduled for spine surgery. However, similar improvements in HRQOLs can be expected 1 year postoperative regardless of the patients’ HADS scores.
Preoperative Factors Associated With Subsequent Distal Clavicle Resection After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Granger Erin , Ross Hunter , Burks Robert T. , Tashjian Robert Z. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Acromioclavicular osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tears are commonly coincident. Purpose: To determine the rate of subsequent distal clavicle excision (DCE) when rotator cuff repair (RCR) is performed without DCE and the risk factors for subsequent DCE after RCR. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The operative logs of 2 surgeons from 2007 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent RCR with or without DCE. Preoperative demographic data, symptoms, physical examination, and standardized outcomes (visual analog scale for pain, Simple Shoulder Test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score) were noted. Acromioclavicular (AC) arthritis was classified on preoperative radiographs. The rate of subsequent surgery on the AC joint was determined via chart review, and univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine risk factors for revision. Results: In total, 894 patients underwent isolated RCR, and 46 underwent concomitant RCR and DCE. On retrospective chart review, of those who underwent isolated RCR, the revision rate for any reason was 7.5% (67 patients), and the rate of subsequent AC surgery was 1.1% (10 patients). Preoperatively, 88% of the total cohort was considered to have a radiographically normal AC joint. On multivariate analysis of patients who underwent isolated RCR, the risk factors for subsequent AC surgery included preoperative tenderness to palpation at the AC joint (10% vs 63%, P < .001), female sex (35% vs 80%, P < .001), and surgery on the dominant side (60% vs 100%, P = .002). On multivariate analysis, these 3 factors explained 50% of the variance in revision AC surgery. When these 3 factors were present in combination, there was a 40% rate of revision AC surgery. Conclusion: This records review found that 10 of 894 (1.1%) rotator cuff repairs underwent subsequent distal clavicle resection. Risk factors for subsequent DCE included tenderness to palpation at the AC joint, female sex, and surgery on the dominant side, with subsequent DCE performed in 40% of cases with a combination of these 3 factors. Because the duration of follow-up was short and the number of reoperations small, some caution is recommended in interpreting these results, as the analyses may be underpowered.
Development and validation of the Adolescent Asthma Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AASEQ)
Authors: Holley Simone , Knibb Rebecca , Latter Sue , Liossi Christina , Mitchell Frances , Radley Ruth , Roberts Graham 
Published: May 2019

Perceived self-efficacy is the belief that one can manage prospective situations. Good asthma self-management self-efficacy is associated with better asthma outcomes. However, a well-developed and validated tool to measure adolescent asthma self-management self-efficacy is lacking. Our objective was to develop and validate an Adolescent Asthma Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (AASEQ).The first stage of the study included a review of the literature, interviews with adolescents with asthma and consultations with parents and relevant healthcare professionals to develop a prototype scale. To assess reliability and validity, a further group of adolescents completed the prototype scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and KidCOPE (measures coping styles). Retesting was undertaken to assess longitudinal validity.Interviews with 28 adolescents and consultations with other stakeholders resulted in a 38-item prototype scale. Key themes were medication, symptom management, triggers, knowledge, attitude and beliefs around asthma, supportive relationships, schools and healthcare professionals. The prototype scale was completed by 243 adolescents. Factor and reliability analysis reduced it to a 27-item scale with four subsections: symptom management; medication; friends, family and school; and asthma beliefs. The 27-item scale had respectable to excellent internal consistency (α's 0.78–0.91) with results that were stable over time (intra-class correlation=0.82) in 63 subjects who completed it twice. Better adolescent asthma self-efficacy was associated with better general self-efficacy and indices of better asthma management.The AASEQ is a reliable and valid tool that is likely to aid future research and practice focused on adolescent asthma self-management and could be a useful intermediate outcome measure to assess the impact of behavioural interventions.
Detection, survival and infectious potential ofMycobacterium tuberculosisin the environment: a review of the evidence and epidemiological implications
Authors: Martinez Leonardo , Verma Renu , Croda Julio , Horsburgh C. Robert , Walter Katharine S. , Degner Nicholas , Middelkoop Keren , Koch Anastasia , Hermans Sabine , Warner Digby F. , Wood Robin , Cobelens Frank , Andrews Jason R. 
Published: May 2019

Much remains unknown aboutMycobacterium tuberculosistransmission. Seminal experimental studies from the 1950s demonstrated that airborne expulsion of droplet nuclei from an infectious tuberculosis (TB) patient is the primary route of transmission. However, these findings did not rule out other routes ofM. tuberculosis transmission. We reviewed historical scientific evidence from the late 19th/early 20th century and contemporary studies investigating the presence, persistence and infectiousness of environmentalM. tuberculosis. We found both experimental and epidemiological evidence supporting the presence and viability ofM. tuberculosisin multiple natural and built environments for months to years, presumably following contamination by a human source. Furthermore, several studies confirmM. tuberculosisviability and virulence in the environment using guinea pig and mouse models. Most of this evidence was historical; however, several recent studies have reported consistent findings ofM. tuberculosisdetection and viability in the environment using modern methods. WhetherM. tuberculosisin environments represents an infectious threat to humans requires further investigation; this may represent an untapped source of data with which to further understandM. tuberculosistransmission. We discuss potential opportunities for harnessing these data to generate new insights into TB transmission in congregate settings.
Myricetin improves endurance capacity by inducing muscle fiber type conversion via miR-499
Authors: Wu Luting , Ran Li , Lang Hedong , Zhou Min , Yu Li , Yi Long , Zhu Jundong , Liu Lei , Mi Mantian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Reprogramming of fast-to-slow myofiber switch can improve endurance capacity and alleviate fatigue. Accumulating evidence suggests that a muscle-specific microRNA, miR-499 plays a crucial role in myofiber type transition. In this study, we assessed the effects of natural flavonoid myricetin on exercise endurance and muscle fiber constitution, and further investigated the underlying mechanism of myricetin in vivo and in vitro.

Methods
A total of 66 six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into non-exercise or exercise groups with/without orally administered myricetin (50 or 150 mg/kg) for 2 or 4 weeks. Time-to-exhaustion, blood biochemical parameters, muscle fiber type proportion, the expression of muscle type decision related genes were measured. Mimic/ inhibitor of miR-499 were transfected into cultured L6 myotubes, the expressions of muscle type decision related genes and mitochondrial respiration capacity were investigated.

Results
Myricetin treatment significantly improved the time-to-exhaustion in trained rats. The enhancement of endurance capacity was associated with an increase of the proportion of slow-twitch myofiber in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Importantly, myricetin treatment amplified the expression of miR-499 and suppressed the expression of Sox6, the down-stream target gene of miR-499, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-499 overturned the effects of myricetin on down-regulating Sox6.

Conclusions
Myricetin promoted the reprogramming of fast-to-slow muscle fiber type switch and reinforced the exercise endurance capacity. The precise mechanisms responsible for the effects of myricetin are not resolved but likely involve regulating miR-499/Sox6 axis.
National trend of gastric cancer mortality in China (2003–2015): a population‐based study
Authors: Gao Kun , Wu Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer mortality decreased substantially over the last decades in most countries worldwide. This study aimed to assess the most recent national trend of gastric cancer mortality and examine the disparity of gastric cancer mortality between rural and urban areas in China.MethodsThe crude mortality data of gastric cancer by sex, age group, and area were obtained from China Health Statistical Yearbooks (2003–2015) covering 10% of Chinese population. The age‐standardized rates of mortality (ASRM) of gastric cancer in rural and urban areas were estimated using the 2010 Chinese Census population stratified by age, sex, and area. The trend of mortality of gastric cancer was assessed by using Joinpoint analysis.ResultsDuring the 13‐year period, the ASRM was reduced from 31.5/100,000 in 2003 to 20.9/100,000 in 2015 in rural areas and from 18.9/100,000 in 2003 to 14.5/100,000 in 2015 in urban areas. In the male population, the annual percent changes of mortality were − 2.2% in urban areas (95% confidence interval [CI] − 3.8% to − 0.6%; P < 0.001) and − 3.4% in rural areas (95% CI − 5.1% to − 1.8%; P < 0.001). In the female population, the annual percent changes of mortality were − 2.7% in urban areas (95% CI − 4.2% to − 1.2%; P < 0.001) and − 4.6% in rural areas (95% CI − 5.5% to − 3.7%; P< 0.001).ConclusionsThe declining trend of mortality of gastric cancer was presented from 2003 to 2015 in both rural and urban areas in China. The decrease in gastric cancer mortality is greater in rural areas than in urban areas in China.
Cognitive Implications of Ototoxicity in Pediatric Patients With Embryonal Brain Tumors
Authors: Olivier Traci W. , Bass Johnnie K. , Ashford Jason M. , Beaulieu Rebecca , Scott Sarah M. , Schreiber Jane E. , Palmer Shawna , Mabbott Donald J. , Swain Michelle A. , Bonner Melanie , Boyle Robyn , Chapeiski Mary Lynn , Evankovich Karen D. , Armstrong Carol L. , Knight Sarah J. , Wu Shengjie , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Gajjar Amar , Conklin Heather M. 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is associated with intellectual and academic declines in children treated for embryonal brain tumors. This study expands upon existing research by examining core neurocognitive processes that may result in reading difficulties in children with treatment-related ototoxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospectively gathered, serial, neuropsychological and audiology data for 260 children and young adults age 3 to 21 years (mean, 9.15 years) enrolled in a multisite research and treatment protocol, which included surgery, risk-adapted craniospinal irradiation (average risk, n = 186; high risk, n = 74), and chemotherapy, were analyzed using linear mixed models. Participants were assessed at baseline and up to 5 years after diagnosis and grouped according to degree of SNHL. Included were 196 children with intact hearing or mild to moderate SNHL (Chang grade 0, 1a, 1b, or 2a) and 64 children with severe SNHL (Chang grade 2b or greater). Performance on eight neurocognitive variables targeting reading outcomes (eg, phonemics, fluency, comprehension) and contributory cognitive processes (eg, working memory, processing speed) was analyzed. RESULTS Participants with severe SNHL performed significantly worse on all variables compared with children with normal or mild to moderate SNHL ( P ≤ .05), except for tasks assessing awareness of sounds and working memory. Controlling for age at diagnosis and risk-adapted craniospinal irradiation dose, performance on the following four variables remained significantly lower for children with severe SNHL: phonemic skills, phonetic decoding, reading comprehension, and speed of information processing ( P ≤ .05). CONCLUSION Children with severe SNHL exhibit greater reading difficulties over time. Specifically, they seem to struggle most with phonological skills and processing speed, which affect higher level skills such as reading comprehension.
Jesus versus Jesus: Inheritance Disputes, Patronage Networks, and a Nineteenth-Century African Bahian Family
Authors: Caulfield Sueann 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The case of Hermelinda Permínia de Jesus versus Roberto da Trindade de Jesus was apparently the last in a series of disputes over judicial legitimization to reach Brazil's Supreme Court in the late nineteenth century. Analysis of the litigation between the two claimants to the Jesus estate—one an illegitimate child, the other a former slave—reveals complex social and legal dynamics that surrounded debates over illegitimacy and family rights throughout the nineteenth century. Digging deeper into the life story of the African-descended grandfather whose death sparked the litigation, this article contributes to the historiography on household formation and property accumulation among a small black elite in Brazil's slave society. By following the fortunes of some of his legatees, I illustrate how difficult it was for African-descended Brazilians to transfer wealth to the next generation.
Speaking of Sterilization: Rumors, the Urban Poor, and the Public Sphere in Greater Mexico City
Authors: Freije Vanessa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In 1974, rumors spread that the Mexican government and foreign doctors were colluding to sterilize schoolchildren. The allegations sparked panic across the Valley of Mexico and prompted popular protests and school closures. Public officials and mainstream journalists portrayed worried parents as ignorant pawns in a conservative conspiracy. Ordinary residents and leftist groups, meanwhile, accused the government of using family planning to uproot opposition or even to eliminate the poor. This article analyzes the epistemological contests that surfaced in response to the rumors. Contrary to the claims of cultural and political elites, hearsay was not opposed to informed engagement but rather an integral component of it. As literacy, readerships, and political consciousness increased, so too did the efforts to understand and influence the news by talking about it. At the center of Mexico City's protracted political opening were debates over what counted as legitimate knowledge production.
Inferior mesenteric artery embolization for persistent postpartum hemorrhage after sufficient bilateral iliac arteries embolization: safety and efficacy in eight patients
Authors: Chen Chengshi , Chu Hee Ho , Shin Ji Hoon , Li Hai-Liang , Ko Heung-Kyu , Kim Jong-Woo , Yoon Hyun-Ki 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) for the management of post-partum hemorrhage (PPH).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed regarding eight patients (mean age, 34.4 y; age range, 31 – 40 y) who underwent TAE of the IMA for PPH between March 2001 and September 2018. Obstetric records, including maternal characteristics, clinical manifestations, complications, and clinical outcomes, as well as TAE details were obtained.

Results:
All eight patients had primary PPH and the vaginal delivery mode. CT scans of two patients showed active bleeding from the lower uterus or hematoma and with the origin of contrast extravasation abutting the adjacent rectum. In seven patients, an aortogram or IMA arteriogram following persistent vaginal bleeding after sufficient embolization of the bleeding focus from the bilateral iliac arteries, found the bleeding focus of the IMA, while in one patient, the IMA bleeding focus was found at the second session 4 h after the first session. TAE of the IMA was technically successful in all eight patients and cessation of bleeding without repeated TAE or additional hemostatic surgery was achieved in all patients after TAE of the IMA. There were neither procedure-related complications nor bowel ischemia during follow-up.

Conclusion:
TAE of the IMA for PPH was safe and effective with successful hemostasis. Bleeding from the IMA should be suspected when there is persistent vaginal bleeding after sufficient embolization of bleeders from the bilateral iliac arteries.

Advances in knowledge:
Bleeding from the IMA should be suspected when there is persistent vaginal bleeding after sufficient embolization of bleeders from the bilateral iliac arteries.