bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Blood Flow Dynamics in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Baker Jacquie R. , Beach Paul A. , Ranada Shaun I. , Patel Aishani , Gewandter Jennifer , Tan Can Ozan , Freeman Roy , Raj Satish R. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) causes pathological falls in standing blood pressure that may or may not be symptomatic. nOH also raises the risk of poor neurological outcomes irrespective of symptom presence, possibly reflecting subclinical cerebral hypoperfusion. Dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) help infer how blood pressure fluctuations influence CBFv and cerebral autoregulation. Whether CBFv is impacted in nOH relative to related conditions without nOH and healthy controls (HC) remains unresolved. Whether nOH symptoms reflect greater CBFv falls is also unclear. This review aimed to compare CBFv between nOH and HC, nOH and disease-matched controls (eg, Parkinson disease±nOH), and between symptomatic and asymptomatic nOH.

METHODS:
Embase and MEDLINE were searched up to April 2024. Means, SDs, and sample sizes for supine and upright CBFv were extracted to generate standardized effect sizes (Hedge g). Random-effects modeling compared postintervention between-group effect sizes.

RESULTS:

Seventeen studies were included for review. Thirteen studies were suitable for meta-analysis comparing nOH to HC, 2 comparing disease-matched controls to nOH and to HC, and 3 for symptomatic comparisons. Compared with HC, nOH had larger drops in CBFv (Hedge g, −0.64 [95% CI, −0.85 to −0.44];
P
<0.001). CBFv falls between nOH and disease-matched controls were similar (
P
=0.17). Symptomatic nOH had larger CBFv drops (Hedge g, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.212–1.461];
P
=0.009) than asymptomatic nOH.

CONCLUSIONS:
nOH causes significant orthostatic reductions in CBFv compared with HC, and symptomatic patients experience greater falls in CBFv than asymptomatic patients. Recognizing the clinical implications of CBFv in nOH is crucial for mitigating adverse outcomes.
Conformal Prediction for Natural Language Processing: A Survey
Authors: Campos Margarida , Farinhas António , Zerva Chrysoula , Figueiredo Mário A. T. , Martins André F. T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid proliferation of large language models and natural language processing (NLP) applications creates a crucial need for uncertainty quantification to mitigate risks such as Hallucinations and to enhance decision-making reliability in critical applications. Conformal prediction is emerging as a theoretically sound and practically useful framework, combining flexibility with strong statistical guarantees. Its model-agnostic and distribution-free nature makes it particularly promising to address the current shortcomings of NLP systems that stem from the absence of uncertainty quantification. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of conformal prediction techniques, their guarantees, and existing applications in NLP, pointing to directions for future research and open challenges.
The Supreme Court of Uganda’s Powers to Depart from or Reopen (Review) Its Decisions Under Article 132(4) of the Constitution
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Article 132(4) of Uganda’s Constitution (1995) states that the Supreme Court may generally consider its decisions binding but can depart from them when necessary. Unlike some other African constitutions, Uganda’s does not explicitly authorise the Supreme Court to review its own rulings. The drafters intended for Article 132(4) to permit only departure, not review. However, this Article does not explicitly forbid review, and Rule 2(2) of the Supreme Court Rules (1996) allows the Court to set aside judgments found to be ‘null and void’. This article relies on the drafting history of the Constitution and contends that Rule 2(2) aligns with the Constitution since Article 132(4) does not expressly bar review. Drawing on practices in countries like Kenya, Ghana, and Tanzania, it argues that the Court could invoke its inherent powers to broaden the grounds for review when justice so requires, even beyond cases deemed null and void.
L’insurgée et le Calife. Une voix féminine au service du panislamisme
Authors: Blili Leïla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nazli Hanem, a member of Egypt’s ruling family (1853-1913), was an unlikely woman. Affected by her father’s ouster from the throne and forced into exile with her family in Istanbul, she never ceased to harbor an aversion to the despotism of the Caliphate Sultans. She spent many years in Paris as a diplomat’s wife, before returning to Cairo and opening a cultural salon where she entertained the local intelligentsia as well as representatives of the colonial authorities. A freedom-loving, westernized woman, she was approached by Sultan-Caliph Abdülhamid II, and from 1898 became the spokeswoman for his pan-Islamist ideology. Unofficially, she became the first female diplomat, helping the Sultan-Caliph to heal his battered image.
Retrieval of Parameters of Constrained Gamma Raindrop Size Distribution in South China
Authors: Liu Xiantong , Huang Hao , Hu Sheng , Xia Feng , Lai Ruize , Feng Lu , Xiao Hui , Li Huiqi , Rao Xiaona 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Raindrop size distributions (RSDs) retrieved from polarimetric radar observations have proven to be effective for understanding precipitation microphysics. However, the current RSD retrieval scheme from polarimetric radar observations (using radar reflectivity ZHH and differential reflectivity ZDR) in South China has been established for monsoon precipitation only. Using abundant RSD observations from 2D video disdrometers (2DVDs), this study constructs the high-precision shape–slope (μ–Λ) relationships of the constrained gamma (C-G) model for subgroups of ZHH and ZDR for not only monsoon but also premonsoon, typhoon, and dry seasons. The current RSD retrieval is only applicable for precipitation with rain rate: R > 5.0 mm h−1, and total raindrop number concentration: Nt > 1000 m−3. This study expanded the applicability of rain rate and number concentration with R > 0.5 mm h−1 and Nt > 100 m−3. The new retrieval scheme was tested in four typical rainfall cases and provided better accuracy in estimating mass-weighted mean diameters and normalized intercept parameters. The new scheme was also better suited for analyzing precipitation microphysics in South China, which helps to gain a better understanding of microphysics in various types of precipitation in this region.
Ceftazidime-Cefazolin Empiric Therapy for Pediatric Gradenigo Syndrome
Authors: Tao Brendan K. , Alotaibi Fahad , McAlpine Alastair 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Gradenigo Syndrome (GS), a rare complication of petrous apicitis secondary to acute otitis media, is characterized by (an often incomplete) triad of otorrhea, abducens nerve palsy, and facial pain along the trigeminal nerve distribution. There are several causative pathogens of petrous apicitis, including Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common. However, the case report literature often describes antibiotic management of GS with antibiotics that do not cover Pseudomonas, potentially predisposing to further intracranial complications or mortality. The purpose of this work was to describe a case of pediatric Gradenigo Syndrome, successfully treated with sufficiently broad-spectrum antibiotics. Methods: This is case report. Results: A previously healthy 5-year-old boy with a history of swimming presented with esotropia and acute otitis media. Initial symptoms included otorrhea, otalgia, and pruritis, which were refractory to ciprofloxacin-dexamethasone drops. He subsequently developed a right sixth nerve palsy, suggestive of Gradenigo Syndrome, and neuroimaging showed evidence of petrous apicitis, clival osteomyelitis, and internal carotid artery stenosis. The causative organism was not elucidated to laboratory error. Given this uncertainty, he was successfully treated with empiric intravenous ceftazidime and cefazolin. After 16 weeks, he recovered fully without the need for surgery. Conclusions: In the setting of delayed or absent culture results with suspicion of skull-base infection, our case supports the use of empiric antibiotic therapy with sufficient coverage of all common pathogens including Streptococcus/ Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa species, the latter of which is often not adequately covered by antibiotic regimens described in the literature.
Loading‐induced changes in synovial fluid affect cartilage metabolism
Authors: van de Lest C.H.A. , van den Hoogen B.M. , van Weeren P.R. 
Published: November 2024

The object of this study was to determine whether changes in the synovial fluid (SF) induced by in vivo loading can alter the metabolic activity of chondrocytes in vitro, and, if so, whether insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is responsible for this effect. Therefore, SF was collected from ponies after a period of box rest and after they had been exercised for a week. Normal, unloaded articular cartilage explants were cultured in 20% solutions of these SFs for 4 days and chondrocyte bioactivity was determined by glycosaminoglycan (GAG) turnover (i.e., the incorporation of ${}^{35}$ SO $_4$ into GAG and the release of GAG into the medium). Furthermore, the extent to which the bioactivity is IGF‐I‐dependent was determined in a cartilage explant culture in 20% SF, in the presence and absence of anti‐IGF‐I antibodies. In explants cultured in post‐exercise SF, GAG synthesis was enhanced and GAG release was diminished when compared to cultures in pre‐exercise SF. SF analysis showed that IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels were increased in post‐exercise SF. There was a positive correlation between IGF‐I levels and proteoglycan synthesis, but no correlation between IGF‐I levels and proteoglycan release. Addition of anti‐IGF‐I antibodies significantly inhibited stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis in explants cultured in SF with 40%. However, there was no difference in inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis between pre‐ and post‐exercise SF which indicated that the relative contribution of IGF‐I in the stimulating effect of SF did not change. Proteoglycan release was not influenced by the presence of anti‐IGF‐I antibodies. It is concluded that chondrocyte metabolic activity is at least partially regulated by changes in the SF induced by in vivo loading. Exercise altered the SF in a way that it had a favourable effect on cartilage PG content by enhancing the PG synthesis and reducing the PG breakdown. IGF‐I is an important contributor to the overall stimulating effect of SF on cartilage metabolism. It is, however, unlikely that IGF‐I is the only mediator in the exercise‐induced increase in this stimulating effect.
Quantification of the non‐planarity of the human carotid bifurcation
Authors: King E. , Xu X.Y. , Hughes A.D. , Long Q. , Thom S.A. , Parker K.H. 
Published: November 2024

The carotid bifurcation has been a region of particular interest due to its predilection for clinically significant atherosclerosis. It has been shown that the vessel geometry is a major determinant of the local haemodynamic properties which are believed to be associated with the location of atherosclerotic lesions. Current knowledge of the geometry of the carotid bifurcation is insufficient and restricted to basic geometric parameters. To provide some means of quantifying the degree of complexity of the 3D shape of the bifurcation, we made an initial attempt by evaluating the non‐planarity of an arterial bifurcation based upon the singular value decomposition theorem. In this paper we present our results obtained on the right carotid bifurcations of six normal subjects, each of whom was scanned twice using the 2D time‐of‐flight MR sequence. The acquired 2D cross sectional images were processed by using our in‐house software which comprises 2D segmentation, 3D reconstruction and smoothing. The centroids of each transverse slices were determined and used as input data for the non‐planarity analysis. Our results using the singular value decomposition method have demonstrated discernible differences in non‐planarity among individuals. Comparisons with the planarity definition proposed by other investigators suggest that the singular value decomposition method offers more information about the linearity and planarity of the bifurcation. However, it is also realised that a single measure of non‐planarity can never fully characterise a bifurcation owing to the great variety of geometries.
A 3‐dimensional computer model to simulate trabecular bone metabolism
Authors: Ruimerman Ronald , van Rietbergen Bert , Hilbers Peter , Huiskes Rik 
Published: November 2024

Mechanical loading of trabecular bone affects the bone architecture. Bone mass is correlated to the magnitude of the external load and trabeculae are aligned to the loading direction. Physical exercise increases bone mass while disuse or microgravity decreases it. In previous work we have presented a mathematical model of bone metabolism that could explain the emergence, maintenance and adaptation of trabecular bone under influence of the load imposed, using a 2‐dimensional computer model (Huiskes et al., Nature 404 (2000), 704–706). This model was based on hypothetical mathematical descriptions of bone formation by osteoblastic cells, and resorption by osteoclastic cells, both as governed by mechanical stimuli. In order to quantitatively compare the behavior of the proposed regulation mechanism to real trabecular bone metabolism we present a 3‐dimensional computer simulation model. The first 3‐dimensional simulation results show that the regulatory rules proposed earlier mimic trabecular bone metabolism in a robust way.
Influence of Angelicae sinensis extract on lipid accumulation in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells induced by oxidized LDL
Authors: Traoré Mariama , Jialing Hong , Chunling Xu 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To further establish a definite basic of the application value of sodium ferulate (SF) for prevention and cure of acute coronary heart disease, we examined the effects of SF on LDL oxidation and lipid accumulation in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells induced by modified‐LDL. Methods: LDL oxidation was carried out in the presence and absence of SF. Cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells were used as the model. To investigate the effects of SF on intracellular lipid accumulation, cells were incubated with Ox‐LDL and SF. The lipid content (cholesterol and triglycerides) of the cells were determined. Results: Intracellular cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly increased in cell‐modified LDL group. The enhancements of above indexes were decreased after addition of SF (200 μg/ml). On the other hand, incubation of LDL with SF resulted in a significant decrease in TBARS activity and electrophoretic mobility. Conclusion: The results indicated that SF assume significance both in the protection of LDL against oxidation and inhibition of cell‐modified LDL effects on intracellular lipid with the potential to prevent cell foamation.
Factors associated with high nutrition risk by 10-year age group: Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Mills Christine Marie , Keller Heather H , Donnelly Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Background Nutrition at midlife and beyond influences how an individual ages. Nutrition risk, the risk of poor nutritional health, is highly prevalent in community-dwelling adults in these age groups. As the factors associated with nutrition risk may vary between different age groups, research is needed on the differences in nutrition risk between age groups. Aim To examine the social, demographic, and health factors associated with high nutrition risk, determined using SCREEN-8, using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), stratified by 10-year age groups. Methods Using the baseline and first follow-up waves of the CLSA, bivariate multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine the variables associated with high nutrition risk (SCREEN-8 score < 38) by 10-year age group. Results Higher levels of social support, higher social standing, more frequent participation in community activities, screening negative for depression, and higher levels of self-rated general health, healthy aging, and oral health were consistently associated with lower odds of being at high nutrition risk across all age groups at both baseline and follow-up. Conclusion Individuals with low levels of social support, low social standing, infrequent participation in community activities, poor general health, poor healthy aging, poor oral health, or who screen positive for depression should be screened proactively for nutrition risk. Programs and policies designed to address social support, social standing, participation in community activities, depression, health, healthy aging, and oral health may also help reduce the prevalence of high nutrition risk.
Corporate cybersecurity risk and data breaches: A systematic review of empirical research
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Babar Muhammad Ali 
Published: November 2024

Cybersecurity constitutes a major concern for corporations. Given the disciplinary barriers that fragment existing research on cybersecurity, we conduct a systemic review of 203 empirical studies on the determinants and consequences of corporate cybersecurity risk across 12 disciplines. By consolidating multidisciplinary research, we develop a novel framework mapping the inter-relationships between the drivers of cybersecurity risk, impacts of cyberattacks, and potential feedback mechanisms enabling firms to learn from breaches to improve cybersecurity outcomes. We provide a taxonomy of both cybersecurity risk factors and impacts of cybersecurity breaches. Our study provides valuable insights to executives, investors, and regulators by enhancing risk awareness and enabling industry practitioners and policymakers to harness the power of academic research to strengthen corporate cybersecurity resilience. JEL Classification: G30, G32, D81, D62, J24.
Health and University Students: The Mediator Role of Emotion Regulation Between Academic Stressors and Health Behaviors
Authors: Cassaretto Mónica , Vilela Patty , Dávila Miguel , Calderón Arturo 
Published: November 2024

Purpose To determine the role of Health Behaviors and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in the relationship between Health and Academic Stress. Design A cross-sectional study with in-person administration of questionnaires. Setting Data collection took place at nine public and private universities in Peru, involving a diverse group of students from different faculties. Sample 1640 students, a majority of them female (61.8%), ranging in age between 18 and 30 years old ( M = 20.72; SD = 2.22). Measures A sociodemographic form was used to collect participants’ sociodemographic, academic, and health data. Academic stress was measured by the Inventory of Academic Stress (SISCO). Health habits were assessed using the University Students Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVJU-Perú). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CER-Q) and the SF-36 Questionnaire were also used to evaluate cognitive emotion regulation strategies and health-related quality of life, respectively. Results The SEM model results ( x 2 /df = 2.30, CFI = .95, RMSEA = .03, SRMR = .04) reveal that Academic Stress has direct and indirect effects on Health. Negative Emotional Regulation have a negative impact on Health, this effect is direct; while Positive Emotional Regulation has an effect on Health, this effect is direct and indirect, the latter is through Sleep Management, Physical Activity and Leisure Management. In addition, Academic Stress maintains a direct effect on only one health behavior, Sleep Management. Conclusions This study’s findings contribute to a better understanding of the role played by emotion regulation, and by positive strategies in particular, in student health.
Wogonin Alleviates Aconitine-induced Gastric Tissue Damage in Gastric Cancer through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Guo Cunguo , Fu Yiyue , Tang Xiaodong , Hu Yichen , Zheng Shufeng 
Published: November 2024

Background and Purpose Aconitine is a toxic substance capable of causing damage to the nervous system, digestive system, and gastric tissue. Wogonin exhibits significant antibacterial, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects. The PI3K/Akt pathway is known to engage in the development of cancer cells. Consequently, it is of great significance to investigate the potential of wogonin on aconitine-induced gastric tissue damage in gastric cancer (GC) and its correlation with the signaling pathway. Methods Forty modelled mice were divided into a normal group, normal saline group, aconitine (low, high) dose group, wogonin (high, medium, low) dose group, celecoxib group, and Weifuchun group. After treatment, we detected the mouse’s tumor volume and survival day, as well as determined the expression of PI3K/Akt, LC3B, and p62. Results During modeling, HE staining revealed that the low-dose aconitine group exhibited improved pathological conditions, reduced tumor volume and mass compared to the saline group, and elevated survival days. After modeling, tumor volume and mass decreased concentration-dependent in each wogonin dose group. Wogonin treatment greatly prolongs survival days and effectively inhibits tumor growth. The expressions of LC3B, P62, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR mRNA were all decreased compared to the model group. Meanwhile, the treatment promoted the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 proteins related to the autophagy pathway. Conclusion Wogonin effectively ameliorates gastric tissue damage induced by aconitine in GC, prolongs the survival days of mice, and inhibits tumor growth through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and reduction of P62 protein.
The integration of virtual patients into nursing education
Authors: Padilha José Miguel , Costa Patrício , Sousa Paulino , Ferreira Ana 
Published: November 2024

Background The use of virtual patients in nursing education has emerged as a valuable tool for developing clinical decision-making skills. However, little is known about the outcomes of incorporating virtual patients into nursing education curricula. The Nursing School of Porto has dedicated efforts to developing clinical scenarios and integrating virtual patient simulation into its nursing degree curriculum. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of integrating virtual patient simulation into the nursing degree curriculum, specifically focusing on physical nursing examination, nursing diagnosis, nursing treatment, and overall nursing decision-making scores. Method An observational, retrospective, and descriptive study was conducted using a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 521 second-year nursing degree students. The results On average, students completed 31 virtual patient simulation training sessions. Students obtained an overall score of 82.5% (SD=8.52) for nursing decision-making, a physical examination score of 85.6%, a diagnostic activity score of 72.1%, and a implemented treatment score of 82.8%. Positive relationships were observed between the number of completed scenarios, the overall average evaluation score, and final marks. Conclusion The integration of virtual patients yielded a positive impact on nursing education. However, further evidence is necessary to determine the impact of virtual patient simulation on the clinical competencies of nursing degree students.