bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical MoS2@N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres with Enhanced Performance in Sodium Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Zhongyu , Yang Liwen , Xu Guobao , Liu Xiong , Wei Xiaolin , Cao Juexian , Chu Paul K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSodium dual‐ion batteries (S‐DIBs) are attracting increasing interest in large‐scale electrical energy storage, owing to low‐cost and abundant sodium resources and the crucial need to develop high‐performance anode materials to spur the large‐scale application of S‐DIBs. In this work, hierarchical hollow spheres assembled from interconnected few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets with an N‐doped carbon coating (designated as MoS2@NC HHSs) are designed and synthesized. An S‐DIBs full cell is fabricated with MoS2@NC HHSs as the anode, expanded graphite as the cathode, and 1.0 M NaPF6 in EC/DMC/EMC (1 : 1 : 1, volume ratio) as the electrolyte. The combined effects rendered by the ultrathin MoS2 subunits, hollow interior, and N‐doped carbon coating not only promote the reaction kinetics and capacitive‐controlled Na storage, but also guarantee outstanding mechanical stability during Na+ intercalation/deintercalation. The MoS2@NC HHSs‐based S‐DIBs deliver a high reversible capacity of 45 mAhg−1 at 2 Ag−1 and exhibit good cycling performance with a stable reversible capacity of 40 mAhg−1 and high coulombic efficiency beyond 90 % at 1 Ag−1 for 500 cycles. The MoS2@NC HHSs have great potential in high‐performance S‐DIBs.
Growth of E. coli on Solid Media
Authors: Elbing Karen L. , Brent Roger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe provide protocols for titering and isolating bacterial colonies from single cells by serial dilutions, for streaking agar plates, and for spreading suspensions of cells on plates. Support protocols describe replica plating and methods for storing strains as agar stabs and frozen stocks. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnostic role of cytology in serous effusions of patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Savvidou Kyriaki , Dimitrakopoulou Aglaia , Kafasi Nikolitsa , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Vassilakopoulos Theodore , Angelopoulou Maria , Siakantaris Marina , Korkolopoulou Penelope , Kanavaros Panagiotis , Mikou Panagiota 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundWe investigated serous effusions occurring during the course of an already known hematologic neoplasia or as a first manifestation of it. We correlated cytology results with flow cytometry results, when available. In the absence of flow cytometry, our correlation was based on clinical follow up information obtained retrospectively. We evaluated our results in relation to the data of the literature and we considered some new suggestions for the improvement of cytology service.MethodsSerous effusions in hematologic patients were retrieved from the files of the Department of Cytology, Laiko Hospital, for a period of 2 years. All patients had enrolled either a previous hematologic history, or a suspicious clinical and imaging status. Seventy‐three serous effusions were included. Cytology reports consisting of morphology and immunocytochemistry assessment were correlated to flow cytometry results and, occasionally, to clinical follow‐up.ResultsIn the group of patients with previous history, sensitivity was 82.76%, positive predictive value was 100%, specificity 100%, and negative predictive value was 58.33%. In the group of patients without previous history, sensitivity and positive predictive value were both 91%, whereas specificity and negative predictive value could not be estimated.ConclusionWe provide evidence that the diagnostic accuracy of cytology with the adjunct of immunocytochemistry is high compared to flow cytometry for detecting hematologic malignancies. In order to improve clinical performance, it is suggested that a cytology triage of serous effusions in all patients with hematologic malignancy must be implemented.
Intraoperative liquid‐based cytology of rinsed tissue fragments from head and neck lesions
Authors: Kinoshita Yuichi , Inaba Mayumi , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Murata Shin‐ichi 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIntraoperative diagnosis is an essential tool for the rapid diagnostic assessment of clinically critical head and neck lesions. Thus, we assumed that a combination of frozen section histological and cytological diagnoses may be preferable. Here, we investigated a relatively new method called liquid‐based cytology of rinsed tissue fragments (LBC‐RTF) and compared this method with intraoperative histological diagnosis.MethodsWe used 68 tissue biopsies (9 brains, 8 lymph nodes, 22 salivary glands, and 29 thyroid samples). Samples submitted for intraoperative consultation were divided into two‐halves: one was used to prepare frozen sections, and the other was prepared for LBC‐RTF by washing with PreservCyt. We then compared the final diagnosis obtained from permanent sections with the intraoperative histological diagnosis based on frozen sections and examination of LBC‐RTF preparations.ResultsThe accuracy of LBC‐RTF was higher than that of intraoperative histological diagnosis alone, based on frozen sections of every organ (LBC‐RTF: 91.2% vs intraoperative histological diagnosis: 80.9%). With LBC‐RTF, artifacts that are commonly observed in frozen sections were not present. In addition, even with challenging cases from which it is impossible to prepare frozen sections, intraoperative diagnosis was possible using the LBC‐RTF technique.ConclusionBoth histological and cytological intraoperative diagnoses were possible during a surgery if the LBC‐RTF technique was used. Moreover, our findings suggest that LBC‐RTF improved the diagnostic accuracy of traditional intraoperative diagnosis.
Comparative foliar metabolomics of a tropical and a temperate forest community
Authors: Sedio Brian E. , Parker John D. , McMahon Sean M. , Wright S. Joseph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlant enemies that attack chemically similar host species are thought to mediate competitive exclusion of chemically similar plants and select for chemical divergence among closely related species. This hypothesis predicts that plant defenses should diverge rapidly, minimizing phylogenetic signal. To evaluate this prediction, we quantified metabolomic similarity for 203 tree species that represent >89% of all individuals in large forest plots in Maryland and Panama. We constructed molecular networks based on mass spectrometry of all 203 species, quantified metabolomic similarity for all pairwise combinations of species, and used phylogenetically independent contrasts to evaluate how pairwise metabolomic similarity varies phylogenetically. Leaf metabolomes exhibited clear phylogenetic signal for the temperate plot, which is inconsistent with the prediction. In contrast, leaf metabolomes lacked phylogenetic signal for the tropical plot, with particularly low metabolomic similarity among congeners. In addition, community‐wide variation in metabolomes was much greater for the tropical community, with single tropical genera supporting greater metabolomic variation than the entire temperate community. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that stronger plant‐enemy interactions lead to more rapid divergence and greater metabolomic variation in tropical than temperate plants. Additional community‐level foliar metabolomes will be required from tropical and temperate forests to evaluate this hypothesis.
Effects of incident light intensity and light path length on cell growth and oil accumulation in Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Wang Shi‐Kai , Guo Chen , Wu Wei , Sui Kun‐Yan , Liu Chun‐Zhao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBotryococcus braunii was cultured in different light path length under different incident light intensity to investigate the effect of light on alga growth as well as hydrocarbon and fatty acid accumulation. Results indicated that longer light path length required higher incident light intensity in order to meet the light requirement of algal growth and hydrocarbon accumulation during the course of cultivation. However, hydrocarbon profile was only affected by the incident light intensity and not influenced by the light path length. High incident light intensity enhanced the accumulation of hydrocarbons with longer carbon chains. Besides, the fatty acid content and profiles were significantly influenced by both incident light intensity and light path. Higher fatty acid content and higher percentage of C18 and monounsaturated fatty acid components were achieved at the higher incident light intensity and lower light path length. Taken together, these results are benefit to improve its biomass and oil productivity through the optimization of light and photobioreactor design.
Ice cap erosion patterns from bedrock 10Be and 26Al, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fu Ping , Stroeven Arjen P. , Harbor Jonathan M. , Heyman Jakob , Hättestrand Clas , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuantifying glacial erosion contributes to our understanding of landscape evolution and topographic relief production in high altitude and high latitude areas. Combining in situ 10Be and 26Al analysis of bedrock, boulder, and river sand samples, geomorphological mapping, and field investigations, we examine glacial erosion patterns of former ice caps in the Shaluli Shan of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The general landform pattern shows a zonal pattern of landscape modification produced by ice caps of up to 4000 km2 during pre‐LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) glaciations, while the dating results and landforms on the plateau surface imply that the LGM ice cap further modified the scoured terrain into different zones. Modeled glacial erosion depth of 0–0.38 m per 100 ka bedrock sample located close to the western margin of the LGM ice cap, indicates limited erosion prior to LGM and Late Glacial moraine deposition. A strong erosion zone exists proximal to the LGM ice cap marginal zone, indicated by modeled glacial erosion depth >2.23 m per 100 ka from bedrock samples. Modeled glacial erosion depths of 0–1.77 m per 100 ka from samples collected along the edge of a central upland, confirm the presence of a zone of intermediate erosion in‐between the central upland and the strong erosion zone. Significant nuclide inheritance in river sand samples from basins on the scoured plateau surface also indicate restricted glacial erosion during the last glaciation. Our study, for the first time, shows clear evidence for preservation of glacial landforms formed during previous glaciations under non‐erosive ice on the Tibetan Plateau. As patterns of glacial erosion intensity are largely driven by the basal thermal regime, our results confirm earlier inferences from geomorphology for a concentric basal thermal pattern for the Haizishan ice cap during the LGM. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erythropoietin reduces nerve demyelination, neuropathic pain behavior and microglial MAPKs activation through erythropoietin receptors on Schwann cells in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Huang Chun‐Ta , Chen Seu‐Hwa , Lin Shih‐Chang , Chen Wei‐Ting , Lue June‐Horng , Tsai Yi‐Ju 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeuroprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on peripheral nerve injury remain uncertain. This study investigated the efficacy of EPO in attenuating median nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)‐induced neuropathy. Animals received an intraneural injection of EPO at doses of 1,000, 3,000, or 5,000 units/kg 15 min before median nerve CCI. Afterwards, the behavioral and electrophysiological tests were conducted. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of microglial and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38, JNK, and ERK, activation. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and microdialysis were applied to measure pro‐inflammatory cytokine and glutamate responses, respectively. EPO pre‐treatment dose‐dependently ameliorated neuropathic pain behavior, decreased microglial and MAPKs activation, and diminished the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and glutamate in the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus after CCI. Moreover, EPO pre‐treatment preserved myelination of the injured median nerve on morphological investigation and suppressed injury‐induced discharges. We also observed that EPO receptor (EPOR) expression was up‐regulated in the injured nerve after CCI. Double immunofluorescence showed that EPOR was localized to Schwann cells. Furthermore, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of EPOR expression eliminated the therapeutic effects of EPO on attenuating the microglial and MAPKs activation, pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses, injury discharges, and neuropathic pain behavior in CCI rats. In conclusion, binding of EPO to its receptors on Schwann cells maintains myelin integrity and blocks ectopic discharges in the injured median nerve, that in the end contribute to attenuation of neuropathic pain via reducing glutamate release from primary afferents and inhibiting activation of microglial MAPKs and production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.
Six‐month prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder among primary care patients aged 70 years and above: Results from the ESA‐services study
Authors: Grenier Sébastien , Desjardins Frédérique , Raymond Béatrice , Payette Marie‐Christine , Rioux Marie‐Ève , Landreville Philippe , Gosselin Patrick , Richer Marie‐Josée , Gunther Bruno , Fournel Mélanie , Vasiliadis Helen‐Maria 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the 6‐month prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in primary care patients aged 70 years and above and to describe their clinical profile, including types of worries.Methods/DesignParticipants (N = 1193) came from the Étude sur la Santé des Aînés (ESA) services study conducted in Quebec, Canada. An in‐person structured interview was used to identify GAD and other anxiety/depressive disorders as well as to identify types of worries. Three groups were created (ie, patients with GAD, patients with another anxiety disorder, and patients without anxiety disorders) and compared on several sociodemographic and clinical characteristics using multinomial logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe 6‐month prevalence of GAD was 2.7%. Findings also indicated that the most common types of worries were about health, being a burden for loved ones, and losing autonomy. Compared with respondents without anxiety disorders, older patients with GAD were more likely to be women, be more educated, suffer from depression, use antidepressants, be unsatisfied with their lives, and use health services. In comparison with respondents with another anxiety disorder, those with GAD were 4.5 times more likely to suffer from minor depression.ConclusionsGAD has a high prevalence in primary care patients aged 70 years and above. Clinicians working in primary care settings should screen for GAD, since it remains underdiagnosed. In addition, it may be associated with depression and life dissatisfaction. Screening tools for late‐life GAD should include worry themes that are specific to aging.
The hippocampus is critical for value‐based decisions guided by dissociative inference
Authors: Gilboa Asaf , Sekeres Melanie , Moscovitch Morris , Winocur Gordon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe hippocampus supports flexible decision‐making through memory integration: bridging across episodes and inferring associations between stimuli that were never presented together (‘associative inference’). A pre‐requisite for memory integration is flexible representations of the relationships between stimuli within episodes (AB) but also of the constituent units (A,B). Here we investigated whether the hippocampus is required for parsing experienced episodes into their constituents to infer their re‐combined within‐episode associations (‘dissociative inference’). In three experiments male rats were trained on an appetitive conditioning task using compound auditory stimuli (AB+, BA+, CD−, DC−). At test either the compound or individual stimuli were presented as well as new stimuli. Rats with hippocampal lesions acquired and retained the compound discriminations as well as controls. Single constituent stimuli (A, B, C, D) were presented for the first time at test, so the only value with which they could be associated was the one from the compound to which they belonged. Controls inferred constituent tones’ corresponding values while hippocampal rats did not, treating them as merely familiar stimuli with no associated value. This finding held whether compound training occurred before or after hippocampal lesions, suggesting that hippocampus‐dependent inferential processes more likely occur at retrieval. The findings extend recent discoveries about the role of the hippocampus in intrinsic value representation, demonstrating hippocampal contributions to allocating value from primary rewards to individual stimuli. Importantly, we discovered that dissociative inferences serve to restructure or reparse patterns of directly acquired associations when animals are faced with environmental changes and need to extract relevant information from a multiplex memory. The hippocampus is critical for this fundamental flexible use of associations.
A dynamic threshold‐based local mesh ternary pattern technique for biomedical image retrieval
Authors: Srivastava Varun , Purwar Ravindra K. , Jain Anchal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMany content‐based image retrieval techniques like local binary pattern (LBP), local ternary pattern (LTP), local mesh peak valley edge pattern (LMePVEP), local mesh ternary pattern (LMeTerP), etc. extract texture features of an image for retrieval purposes. These techniques use fixed threshold to encode the input image and selection of such threshold value is not guided, that is, a chosen threshold may not be optimal for all images in the database. Moreover the performance of these texture‐based static threshold algorithms also decreases if the input images are noisy. In this paper, a dynamic threshold value‐based local mesh ternary pattern method is proposed in which the threshold value is chosen from the neighborhood of a central pixel using median of all pixels. The proposed modification reduces the overall effect of noise component and thereby improves the average retrieval rate (ARR) and average retrieval precision (ARP) of the original technique. The proposed modified technique has been compared with five other image retrieval approaches to prove its worthiness ‐ the original local mesh ternary pattern technique (LMeTerP), a local ternary pattern technique (LTP), a Best ensemble technique, a multi‐label classification CNN model and a CNN‐based model of the proposed approach using a VIA ELCAP lung database and an Emphysema database. An improvement of 3.92% in ARR and 2.53% in ARP is observed over the basic local mesh ternary pattern method. Further the proposed modification has been combined with CNN concept and its results have also been analyzed.
National assessment of renal estimation for drug dosing among pharmacists
Authors: McConachie Sean M. , Hanni Claudia M. , Raub Joshua N. , Kucemba Megan , Wilhelm Sheila M. 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionCreatinine‐based equations used to estimate renal function are inaccurate in certain clinical contexts; however, there are limited resources to guide pharmacists in these situations.ObjectivesTo assess current renal function estimation and subsequent drug dosing practices among American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) members via an electronic survey.MethodsA 21‐item survey was emailed to the listservs of four ACCP Practice‐Research Networks: Adult Medicine, Nephrology, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases. The survey included pharmacist demographics, practice site information, and case‐based clinical application scenarios requiring the respondent to choose a renal function estimate for overweight, underweight, and elderly patients (≥65 years). Four patient cases captured respondents' enoxaparin dosing decisions in patients with an estimated creatinine clearance of around 30 mL/min. Estimates of renal function were provided based on Cockcroft‐Gault (C‐G), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology equations.ResultsThere were 299 survey responses. The majority of respondents were pharmacists (98%) who practiced in the hospital setting (96%) as clinical specialists (69%). The C‐G equation was chosen to estimate renal function most commonly (85%). Total and adjusted body weights were used in C‐G estimates most commonly in patients who were underweight (80%) and overweight (75%), respectively. Given an elderly patient with low serum creatinine (Scr), 34% of respondents used actual Scr, 30% rounded Scr to 0.8, and 29% rounded Scr to 1.0 for use in C‐G. Enoxaparin renal dose adjustment differed based on clinical indication. Respondents chose more frequent (every 12 hour) dosing in patients with pulmonary embolism vs atrial fibrillation. Of the 79% of respondents whose practice site utilizes pharmacist‐driven renal dose adjustment policies, 94% indicated they deviated from the policy.ConclusionLarge variation exists among clinical pharmacists in the application of renal function estimating equations which may impact dosing strategies and patient care.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA THRIL contributes in lipopolysaccharide‐induced HK‐2 cells injury by sponging miR‐34a
Authors: Deng Yao , Luan Sen , Zhang Qi , Xiao Ying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Nowadays, several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as molecular alterations involved in SLE. This study aimed to reveal the function of TNF‐related and HNRNPL‐related immunoregulatory lncRNA (THRIL) in SLE. Human epithelial HK‐2 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic an in vitro SLE model. Then, the functions of THRIL, miR‐34a, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), as well as their correlations were detected. LncRNA THRIL was highly expressed in the LPS‐stimulated cells, and THRIL overexpression aggravated LPS‐induced cell damage as cell viability was decreased, and apoptosis and the release of proinflammatory cytokines were increased. THRIL worked as a sponge of microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) and it could directly target MCP‐1. Furthermore, MCP‐1–activated JNK and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study suggested that lncRNA THRIL might be a key regulator participating in LPS‐induced injury in HK‐2 cells. THRIL overexpression aggravated LPS‐induced injury possibly via sponging miR‐34a, and thus preventing MCP‐1 from degradation by miR‐34a. The THRIL/miR‐34a/MCP‐1 axis might play critical roles in SLE.
Triticum aestivum ethanolic extract improves non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a choline‐deficient or high‐fat diet
Authors: Oh Hyun‐Seok , Cho Woojae , Tak Sang‐Bum , Kim Sukjoon , Hong Sun Pyo , Kim Soo‐Ok 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become more prevalent with the rapid increase of obesity worldwide, no specific treatment has been developed. Several studies have shown that wheatgrass extract Triticum aestivum (TA) improves lipid metabolism. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of GM‐T (an ethanolic TA extract) in a murine NAFLD model. Mice were separated into 12 groups (n = 10): two groups of normal diet, choline‐deficient diet (CDD) or high‐fat diet (HFD) with vehicle, CCD or HFD with silymarin (400 mg kg−1 day−1), and CCD or HFD with GM‐T (100, 200 or 400 mg kg−1 day−1). The study was performed for 8 weeks for the CDD groups and 12 weeks for the HFD groups.ResultsIn the CDD‐fed mice, GM‐T improved serum liver enzyme activities and liver inflammation score compared to vehicle. In the HFD‐fed mice, GM‐T improved blood lipid profiles, liver inflammation score, steatosis score and obesity compared to vehicle.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that GM‐T effectively improved NAFLD in mice via a mechanism that improved insulin resistance and lipid metabolism, suggesting the possibility of a functional dietary supplement to improve liver health, overall metabolic syndrome and obesity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry