bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photothermal incubation of red blood cells by laser for rapid pre-transfusion blood group typing
Authors: Manderson Clare A. , McLiesh Heather , Curvello Rodrigo , Tabor Rico F. , Manolios Jim , Garnier Gil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSafe blood transfusion requires compatibility testing of donor and recipient to prevent potentially fatal transfusion reactions. Detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies requires incubation at 37 °C, often for up to 15 minutes. Current incubation technology predominantly relies on slow thermal-gradient dependent conduction. Here, we present rapid optical heating via laser, where targeted illumination of a blood-antibody sample in a diagnostic gel card is converted into heat, via photothermal absorption. Our laser-incubator heats the 75 µL blood-antibody sample to 37 °C in under 30 seconds. We show that red blood cells act as photothermal agents under near-infrared laser incubation, triggering rapid antigen-antibody binding. We detect no significant damage to the cells or antibodies for laser incubations of up to fifteen minutes. We demonstrate laser-incubated immunohaematological testing to be both faster and more sensitive than current best practice — with clearly positive results seen from laser incubations of just 40 seconds.
Sensorimotor transformation elicits systematic patterns of activity along the dorsoventral extent of the superior colliculus in the macaque monkey
Authors: Massot Corentin , Jagadisan Uday K. , Gandhi Neeraj J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe superior colliculus (SC) is an excellent substrate to study sensorimotor transformations. To date, the spatial and temporal properties of population activity along its dorsoventral axis have been inferred from single electrode studies. Here, we recorded SC population activity in non-human primates using a linear multi-contact array during delayed saccade tasks. We show that during the visual epoch, information appeared first in dorsal layers and systematically later in ventral layers. During the delay period, the laminar organization of low-spiking rate activity matched that of the visual epoch. During the pre-saccadic epoch, spiking activity emerged first in a more ventral layer, ~ 100 ms before saccade onset. This buildup of activity appeared later on nearby neurons situated both dorsally and ventrally, culminating in a synchronous burst across the dorsoventral axis, ~ 28 ms before saccade onset. Collectively, these results reveal a principled spatiotemporal organization of SC population activity underlying sensorimotor transformation for the control of gaze.
Dynamics and connectivity of an extended arch filament system
Authors: Diercke A. , Kuckein C. , Denker C. 
Published: August 2019

Aims.In this study, we analyzed a filament system, which expanded between moving magnetic features (MMFs) of a decaying sunspot and opposite flux outside of the active region from the nearby quiet-Sun network. This configuration deviated from a classical arch filament system (AFS), which typically connects two pores in an emerging flux region. Thus, we called this system an extended AFS. We contrasted classical and extended AFSs with an emphasis on the complex magnetic structure of the latter. Furthermore, we examined the physical properties of the extended AFS and described its dynamics and connectivity.Methods.The extended AFS was observed with two instruments at the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST). The Rapid Oscillations in the Solar Atmosphere (ROSA) imager provided images in three different wavelength regions, which covered the dynamics of the extended AFS at different atmospheric heights. The Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter (IBIS) provided spectroscopic Hαdata and spectropolarimetric data that was obtained in the near-infrared (NIR) Ca IIλ8542 Å line. We derived the corresponding line-of-sight (LOS) velocities and used He IIλ304 Å extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and LOS magnetograms of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) as context data.Results.The NIR Ca IIStokes-Vmaps are not suitable to definitively define a clear polarity inversion line and to classify this chromospheric structure. Nevertheless, this unusual AFS connects the MMFs of a decaying sunspot with the network field. At the southern footpoint, we measured that the flux decreases over time. We find strong downflow velocities at the footpoints of the extended AFS, which increase in a time period of 30 min. The velocities are asymmetric at both footpoints with higher velocities at the southern footpoint. An EUV brigthening appears in one of the arch filaments, which migrates from the northern footpoint toward the southern one. This activation likely influences the increasing redshift at the southern footpoint.Conclusions.The extended AFS exhibits a similar morphology as classical AFSs, for example, threaded filaments of comparable length and width. Major differences concern the connection from MMFs around the sunspot with the flux of the neighboring quiet-Sun network, converging footpoint motions, and longer lifetimes of individual arch filaments of about one hour, while the extended AFS is still very dynamic.
High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modelling
Authors: Nersesian Angelos , Verstocken Sam , Viaene Sébastien , Baes Maarten , Xilouris Emmanuel M. , Bianchi Simone , Casasola Viviana , Clark Christopher J. R. , Davies Jonathan I. , De Looze Ilse , De Vis Pieter , Dobbels Wouter , Fritz Jacopo , Galametz Maud , Galliano Frédéric , Jones Anthony P. , Madden Suzanne C. , Mosenkov Aleksandr V. , Trčka Ana , Ysard Nathalie 
Published: August 2019

Context. Dust in late-type galaxies in the local Universe is responsible for absorbing approximately one third of the energy emitted by stars. It is often assumed that dust heating is mainly attributable to the absorption of ultraviolet and optical photons emitted by the youngest (≤100 Myr) stars. Consequently, thermal re-emission by dust at far-infrared wavelengths is often linked to the star-formation activity of a galaxy. However, several studies argue that the contribution to dust heating by much older stellar populations might be more significant than previously thought. Advances in radiation transfer simulations finally allow us to actually quantify the heating mechanisms of diffuse dust by the stellar radiation field.
Aims. As one of the main goals in the DustPedia project, we have developed a framework to construct detailed 3D stellar and dust radiative transfer models for nearby galaxies. In this study, we analyse the contribution of the different stellar populations to the dust heating in four nearby face-on barred galaxies: NGC 1365, M 83, M 95, and M 100. We aim to quantify the fraction directly related to young stellar populations, both globally and on local scales, and to assess the influence of the bar on the heating fraction.
Methods. From 2D images we derive the 3D distributions of stars and dust. To model the complex geometries, we used SKIRT, a state-of-the-art 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code designed to self-consistently simulate the absorption, scattering, and thermal re-emission by the dust for arbitrary 3D distributions.
Results. We derive global attenuation laws for each galaxy and confirm that galaxies of high specific star-formation rate have shallower attenuation curves and weaker UV bumps. On average, 36.5% of the bolometric luminosity is absorbed by dust in our galaxy sample. We report a clear effect of the bar structure on the radial profiles of the dust-heating fraction by the young stellar populations, and the dust temperature. We find that the young stellar populations are the main contributors to the dust heating, donating, on average ∼59% of their luminosity to this purpose throughout the galaxy. This dust-heating fraction drops to ∼53% in the bar region and ∼38% in the bulge region where the old stars are the dominant contributors to the dust heating. We also find a strong link between the heating fraction by the young stellar populations and the specific star-formation rate.
Desmin forms toxic, seeding-competent amyloid aggregates that persist in muscle fibers
Authors: Kedia Niraja , Arhzaouy Khalid , Pittman Sara K. , Sun Yuanzi , Batchelor Mark , Weihl Conrad C. , Bieschke Jan 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Protein aggregation and the deposition of amyloid is a common feature in neurodegeneration, but can also be seen in degenerative muscle diseases known as myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs). Hallmark pathology in MFM patient muscle is myofibrillar disarray, aggregation of the muscle-specific intermediate filament, desmin, and amyloid. In some cases, a missense mutation in desmin leads to its destabilization and aggregation. The present study demonstrates that similar to neurodegenerative proteins, desmin can form amyloid and template the amyloidogenic conversion of unaggregated desmin protein. This desmin-derived amyloid is toxic to myocytes and persists when introduced into skeletal muscle, in contrast to unaggregated desmin. These data demonstrate that desmin itself can form amyloid and expand the mechanism of proteinopathies to skeletal muscle.
Medium-range order in amorphous ices revealed by persistent homology
Authors: Hong Sungyeon , Kim Donghun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Despite the amorphous nature of glassy water, x-ray or neutron scattering experiments reveal sharp peaks in the structure factor, indicating the existence of medium-range order (MRO) in the system. However the real space origin of the peaks has yet to be disclosed. Herein, we use a combined approach of molecular dynamics simulations and persistent homology (PH) to investigate two types of glassy water, low-density amorphous (LDA) and high-density amorphous (HDA) ices. We present prominent MRO ring structures in each type of the ices, distinguished by their size and shape as well as the number of their components: MRO rings in HDA are observed smaller, less planar and more membered, compared to those in LDA. The PH-extracted MRO rings successfully reproduce the quantitative features, including the position and width, of the first sharp diffraction peaks in the structure factor, hence suitably serving as the origin of experimental MRO signatures in the amorphous ices. Our study supports that PH is an effective tool to identify hidden MRO in amorphous configurations.
Heat current control in trapped Bose–Einstein Condensates
Authors: Charalambous C , Garcia-March M A , Mehboudi M , Lewenstein M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We investigate the heat transport and the control of heat current among two spatially separated trapped Bose–Einstein Condensates (BECs), each of them at a different temperature. To allow for heat transport among the two independent BECs we consider a link made of two harmonically trapped impurities, each of them interacting with one of the BECs. Since the impurities are spatially separated, we consider long-range interactions between them, namely a dipole–dipole coupling. We study this system under theoretically suitable and experimentally feasible assumptions/parameters. The dynamics of these impurities is treated within the framework of the quantum Brownian motion model, where the excitation modes of the BECs play the role of the heat bath. We address the dependence of heat current and current–current correlations on the physical parameters of the system. Interestingly, we show that heat rectification, i.e. the unidirectional flow of heat, can occur in our system, when a periodic driving on the trapping frequencies of the impurities is considered. Therefore, our system is a possible setup for the implementation of a phononic circuit. Motivated by recent developments on the usage of BECs as platforms for quantum information processing, our work offers an alternative possibility to use this versatile setting for information transfer and processing, within the context of phononics, and more generally in quantum thermodynamics.
Methodology to Predict Effects of Leakage Flow from Guide Vanes of Francis Turbine
Authors: Gautam Saroj , Lama Ram , Chitrakar Sailesh , Prasad Neopane Hari , Singh Thapa Biraj , Zhu Baoshan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Leakage flow from clearance gap affects the performance of Francis turbines. This study presents the method to predict the effects of leakage flow from clearance gap of GVs. When sediments flow along with water through guide vanes it erodes the guide vane’s surface. Clearance gap of the guide vanes gradually increases due to continuous effects of abrasive wear. This phenomena of abrasion deteriorates the overall performance of the turbine. In this study, the effects of increased clearance gap of GVs of Francis turbine are studied numerically. Numerical models including the clearance gap-size of 0 mm, 2 mm and 4 mm are made to compare the effects. It uses alternative leakage flow approach, whereby current model consisting of 24 GVs contains 12 clearance gaps alternatively. This approach makes it possible to differentiate the amplitude of pressure pulsations contributed either by wakes or vortices due to leakage flow from guide vanes. Comparing the 3 different cases, it was found that increased clearance gap of the guide vanes increases the pressure pulsation at the runner inlet, reducing overall efficiency of the turbine.
Comparative numerical analysis between two designs of Francis runner blades in sediment affected conditions
Authors: Lama R , Gautam S , Chitrakar S , Neopane H P , Thapa B S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sediment erosion of hydraulic turbine is the major problem from the perspective of operation and maintenance in power plants of Himalayan and Andes region. The effects of sediment erosion on turbine components need to be predicted in advance during the design phase so that the best design with better sediment handling can be installed in real power plants. In this paper, comparison of performance and erosion of two different designs of Francis turbine i.e. design I and design II are carried out. Full turbine steady state numerical simulations are carried out for 8 different guide vane openings using shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. Sediment erosion analysis is carried out using Tabakoff erosion model for both the designs, numerical hill charts are constructed using Ned and Qed values for all the operating conditions. Comparison of pressure distribution along pressure and suction side of GV surface between design I and a similar measurement in a previous experiment is carried out, which shows a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. Hydraulic efficiency and the sediment erosion rate density on the runner blades of design I for all operating conditions is higher than that of design II. The difference in efficiency is less than 1.85%for all operating conditions while sediment erosion rate density is much less in design II, which shows that design II is a better option for this turbine.
Design of Spiral Casing of Francis Turbine for Micro Hydro Applications
Authors: Dahal D.R. , Chitrakar S. , Kapali A. , Thapa B.S. , Neopane H.P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Spiral casing is an important component of Francis turbine for even distribution of kinetic and potential energy of water so as to achieve the required reaction for better performance of the runner. Optimal design and analysis of spiral configuration is challenging, especially when the turbine is operating in a low head range due to the necessity of a large cross-sectional area of the casing to accumulate the large flow. The main objective of this study is to design the best configuration of cross section of spiral casing which have a very minimal pressure loss and can provide required inlet flow condition for stay vanes. For this, spiral casing configurations following free-vortex theory with different cross sections i.e. circular, trapezoidal and square are designed and analysed numerically. Pressure, radial and tangential velocity distributions are compared for different cross section of spiral casing suitable for micro hydro applications. Considering the ease of manufacturing, flexibility of dimension adjustments and comparable performance with that of the circular spiral casing, trapezoidal casing is found to be an appropriate alternative for such applications.
A Review on Experimental Study of Sediment Erosion in Hydraulic Turbines at Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Kapali A. , Chitrakar S. , Shrestha O. , Neopane H.P. , Thapa B.S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Experimental erosion testing of hydro turbine components in laboratory conditions over field testing and simulation testing is a necessity as effects of individual erosion influencing factors like particle size, speed, concentration, angle of attack and behaviour of the eroded material can be studied in close compromise as that with components in actual operating environments. Extensive experimental results have been reported from the past studies from different erosion tests performed. In this paper, recent research and development of a wide range of laboratory scale erosion testing is reviewed. Considering the complexities of developing a setup that replicate the actual erosion behaviour of turbine, a test rig is suggested for future works that closely meet the operating requirements.
Wave destruction of closed soils
Authors: Novikov A , Borisenko I , Chamurliev O , Chamurliev G , Plyushchikov V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With a blocked cutting of closed soil on the vibrating cutting edge of the bit, a deformation cone is formed due to cyclic and transient compression of the gas phase, which becomes a carrier of the kinetic energy transformed in the form of high-frequency supersonic shock waves. The angles of inclination of the cone-forming deformations coincide with the angles of repose of the soil and are equal to approximately 45°, as a result of which the shock waves propagate in the least energy-consuming way. The high-frequency nature of the shock waves leads to the fact that at frequencies of τ < 0.0037 s, the adhesion between solid inclusions is interrupted in the deformation zone, and the internal friction of the soil is essentially leveled out. This process is carried out through chisel-type tillage implements of the original structures considered in the present work.
Development and implementation of network based underground mines safety, rescue and aided rescue system
Authors: Matveykin V , Nemtinov V , Dmitrievsky B , Praveen K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this article, we describe safety issues connected with mining industry which continues its rapid development and is regarded as one of the major source of energy in many countries. A series of fatal emergencies primarily due to gaseous hazards has made it vital to develop a robust General Emergency Management System which is technically advance and maintainable. It should contain the following units bound by a network: voice communication, tracking of the personnel, mine atmosphere monitoring, underground equipment control and monitoring, monitoring of escape, rescue apparatus, aided rescue equipment and navigation support during escape. Further, we discuss maintenance, care and application of Self-Contained Self-Rescuer systems on the example of the model SHS-30 developed by the Corporation Roshimazschita (Tambov, Russia).
Modelling of substance interactions in electrochemical membrane processes by basis of the friction theory
Authors: Kiselyov K , Shestakov K , Horohorina I , Abonosimov O , Lazarev S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An improved mathematical model for calculating the transfer of substances in electrochemical membrane processes based on the Spiegler friction model is developed and presented. This model differs from those presented in the literature in that it takes into account the combined effect of pressure and electric field on the transfer of particles of the solute and solvent and allows calculating the friction coefficients of the interaction of anions, cations, solvent and membrane pore walls among themselves. Calculated friction coefficients can be used in the theoretical calculations and the prediction of change over time of the kinetic parameters of baromembrane, electromembrane and electrobaromembrane separation processes of industrial solutions in various industries.
Simulation of intelligent information-measuring systems of thermophysical properties of materials and products
Authors: Selivanova Z M , Kurenkov D S , Hoang T A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article contains a formalized description of functioning of intelligent information measuring system for non-destructive testing of materials and products thermal properties. System simulation has been fulfilled, and as a result of it the mathematical models for transformation of measurement data in the intelligent system in Mathcad software during thermophysical measurements. The mathematical pattern of decision-making in the intelligent system allows to improve the accuracy of parameter determination of thermophysical properties of tested materials and the efficiency of the functioning system.
Determining best East Java monthly rainfall projection using spatial-based validation
Authors: Mahmudiah R R , Kurniawan A , Makmur E E S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In production of climate change information, determining the best projection is a very important step. Missed projection can lead to loss of public trust in climate change. In some previous studies, most analyses were conducted on point approach due to the lack of observational data covering large spatial areas. In this study, rainfall data from 197 observation points are used to get correction coefficients by comparing it to monthly rainfall historical model from 1972-2005. Area of study is 110.89°E–116.27° E and 8.78°S–5.04°S. Two RCP scenarios (4.5 and 8.5) under CSIROMK3.6 RegCM4 BMKG SEA-Cordex are compared to get its ensemble weighting factor. Validation parameters used are mean absolute error and quartiles of error. Shifting correction is introduced in this study with some evidence based on visual analysis and high correction coefficients from the unshifted one. It is also shown that bilinear resampling gives better result than nearest neighbour. Ensemble weighting factors are then set 0.4 for RCP 8.5 and 0.6 for RCP 4.5. In next 10 years (2017-2026), dry condition average rainfall condition is expected to happen between May and October.
Multi Spectral Satellite Data to Investigate Land Expansion and Related Micro Climate Change as Threats to the Environment
Authors: Hanif M , Putra B G , Nizam K , Rahman H , Nofrizal A Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Technology development of satellite earth observation offers multi-spectral data, variations sensitivity of satellite sensors are very useful to detect existing conditions by using the remote sensing algorithm to extract the land cover and the phenomenon that has occurred. Ecosystems have bound tolerance to nature condition and organisms have adaptation limit to climate change. Method used in this study was the extraction of land cover by applying multi spectral analysis as Maximum Likelihood, object base image analysis, (LST) land surface temperature, and also the formula Threat of Land Expansion (TLE) to the environment. Result showed that multispectral and time series analysis gave the increasing dynamic of land expansion, especially for forest high density, which areas ranged from 29098.73 ha in 2000 to 19216.7 ha in 2018. The surface temperature increase was ± 2.8 C° in eighteen years. The temperature dynamic represented the micro climate changes, has followed stream of land expansion. TLE represented zone threats of land expansion to natural ecosystems. It was found that threat zone because land expansion. The area of high threat vale 0.4 around central human activity was a built up area.