bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revision of Corallinaceae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta): recognizing Dawsoniolithon gen. nov., Parvicellularium gen. nov. and Chamberlainoideae subfam. nov. containing Chamberlainium gen. nov. and Pneophyllum
Authors: Caragnano Annalisa , Foetisch Alexandra , Maneveldt Gavin W. , Millet Laurent , Liu Li‐Chia , Lin Showe‐Mei , Rodondi Graziella , Payri Claude E. 
Published: March 2018

A multi‐gene (SSU, LSU, psbA, and COI) molecular phylogeny of the family Corallinaceae (excluding the subfamilies Lithophylloideae and Corallinoideae) showed a paraphyletic grouping of six monophyletic clades. Pneophyllum and Spongites were reassessed and recircumscribed using DNA sequence data integrated with morpho‐anatomical comparisons of type material and recently collected specimens. We propose Chamberlainoideae subfam. nov., including the type genus Chamberlainium gen. nov., with C. tumidum comb. nov. as the generitype, and Pneophyllum. Chamberlainium is established to include several taxa previously ascribed to Spongites, the generitype of which currently resides in Neogoniolithoideae. Additionally we propose two new genera, Dawsoniolithon gen. nov. (Metagoniolithoideae), with D. conicum comb. nov. as the generitype and Parvicellularium gen. nov. (subfamily incertae sedis), with P. leonardi sp. nov. as the generitype. Chamberlainoideae has no diagnostic morpho‐anatomical features that enable one to assign specimens to it without DNA sequence data, and it is the first subfamily to possess both Type 1 (Chamberlainium) and Type 2 (Pneophyllum) tetra/bisporangial conceptacle roof development. Two characters distinguish Chamberlainium from Spongites: tetra/biasporangial conceptacle chamber diameter (<300 μm in Chamberlainium vs. >300 μm in Spongites) and tetra/bisporangial conceptacle roof thickness (<8 cells in Chamberlainium vs. >8 cells in Spongites). Two characters also distinguish Pneophyllum from Dawsoniolithon: tetra/bisporangial conceptacle roof thickness (<8 cells in Pneophyllum vs. >8 cells in Dawsoniolithon) and thallus construction (dimerous in Pneophyllum vs. monomerous in Dawsoniolithon).
Nest site selection in loggerhead sea turtles that use different foraging areas: do less fecund oceanic foragers nest at safer sites?
Authors: Hatase H. , Omuta K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmong species without parental care, nest sites selected by mothers determine their fitness via the survival of offspring. We examined nest site selection in oceanic (>200 m water depth) and neritic (<200 m water depth) foraging loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta that differ greatly in reproductive output to assess a trade‐off between quantity and quality of offspring. Nest sites selected by oceanic and neritic foragers, which were classified based on differences in stable isotope ratios, on two adjacent beaches at Yakushima Island, Japan, were compared. Both oceanic and neritic foragers preferred a wider beach where they could nest further from the sea, with no significant differences being found in beach sections used for nesting between the two foragers. On the wider beach, nests of both foragers tended to be clumped on open sand close to vegetation. Oceanic foragers nested significantly closer to the sea than did neritic foragers, although significance was lost with adjusted beach width. These results, together with similarities in morphology, emergence success and activity levels of hatchlings, suggested comparable offspring survival rate on land between the two foragers. Thus, low fecundity of oceanic foragers would not be offset by differences in offspring survival via nest site selection. These support unbalanced fitness between the two foragers and environmental maintenance of their alternative life histories.
“I think it fits in”: using process drama to promote agentic writing with primary school children
Authors: Dobson Tom , Stephenson Lisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSet against the backdrop of children being ‘alienated’ from their writing, this paper is taken from a United Kingdom Literacy Association sponsored project where primary school teachers were trained to use process drama in order to give children more agency in their writing across the curriculum. Here, we use discourse analysis to think about the children's historical creative writing in relation to the drama lessons which are differently framed by the teachers. Building upon a theoretical model of process drama as involving ‘embodied experience’ and writing as problem‐solving, a case is made that process drama can lead to what we term ‘agentic writing’. Agentic writing, we demonstrate, involves children actively translating their embodied experience of process drama into writing by making a range of intertextual borrowings. These borrowings serve both to capture and transform their embodied experience as the children gain agency by standing outside language to achieve ‘double voicedness’ and in doing so write sophisticated texts. Seeing the relationship between process drama and writing in this light, we argue, provides a means of reconnecting children to the act of writing.
Diabetes impacts prediction of cirrhosis and prognosis by non‐invasive fibrosis models in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Bertot Luis C. , Jeffrey Gary P. , de Boer Bastiaan , MacQuillan Gerry , Garas George , Chin Justin , Huang Yi , Adams Leon A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with diabetes are at increased risk of cirrhosis and liver‐related death, and thus accurate fibrosis assessment in these patients is important. We examined the ability of non‐invasive fibrosis models to determine cirrhosis and outcomes in NAFLD patients with and without diabetes.MethodsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2015 had Hepascore, NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), APRI and FIB‐4 scores calculated at baseline and were followed up for outcomes of overall and liver‐related mortality/liver transplantation, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Model accuracy was determined by Harrell's C‐index and by Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 284 patients (53% diabetic, 15% cirrhotic) were followed up for a median of 51.4 months, (range 6.1‐146). During follow‐up, diabetic patients had a greater risk of liver‐related death/transplantation, HR 3.4 (95% CI 1.2‐9.1) decompensation, HR 4.7 (95% CI 2.0‐11.3) and HCC, HR 2.9 (95% CI 1.2‐7.3). Among 241 subjects with a baseline liver biopsy, the accuracy of Hepascore, APRI and FIB‐4 for predicting cirrhosis was lower amongst diabetics compared to non‐diabetics (P < .005 for all). Model accuracy apart from Hepascore, was also significantly lower for predicting liver death/transplantation in patients with diabetes. No patient with a low fibrosis score and without diabetes developed liver decompensation or HCC, whereas up to 21% of diabetic patients with a low fibrosis score developed liver decompensation and up to 27% developed HCC at 5 years.ConclusionsNon‐invasive scoring systems are less accurate at predicting cirrhosis and liver‐related outcomes in patients with NAFLD and diabetes.
Multiple impact events on the L‐chondritic parent body: Insights from SIMS U‐Pb dating of Ca‐phosphates in the NWA 7251 L‐melt breccia
Authors: Li Ye , Hsu Weibiao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHere we report in situ secondary ionization mass spectrometry Ca‐phosphate U‐Pb ages for an L‐impact melt breccia (NWA 7251), which are integrated with petrological and mineral chemical studies of this meteorite. NWA 7251 is a heavily shocked rock that is composed mainly of the chondrite host, impact melt portion, and melt veins (crosscutting and pervasive type). The host is an L4 chondrite that has been shocked to S4. The impact melt portion has a fine‐grained igneous texture, and is composed mainly of olivine, low‐Ca pyroxene, high‐Ca pyroxene, and albitic glass. The impact melt was generated at pressure of >30–35 GPa and temperature of >1300–1500 °C during an impact event. The Ca‐phosphate grains in the host were affected by a shock heating event. Most of the Ca‐phosphate grains in the melt were neocrystallized, but relatively large grains enclosed by or adjacent to metal veins or melt globules are likely inherited. The U‐Pb isotopic systematics of Ca‐phosphates in NWA 7251 yield an upper intercept age of 4457 ± 56 Ma and a lower intercept age of 574 ± 82 Ma on the normal U‐Pb concordia diagram. The age of 4457 ± 56 Ma is interpreted to be related to an early shocking event rather than the thermal metamorphism of the parent body. The impact melt and veins in NWA 7251 were generated at 574 ± 82 Ma, resulting from disruption of the L chondrite parent body.
The joint evolution of the Myxozoa and their alternate hosts: A cnidarian recipe for success and vast biodiversity
Authors: Holzer Astrid S. , Bartošová‐Sojková Pavla , Born‐Torrijos Ana , Lövy Alena , Hartigan Ashlie , Fiala Ivan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe relationships between parasites and their hosts are intimate, dynamic and complex; the evolution of one is inevitably linked to the other. Despite multiple origins of parasitism in the Cnidaria, only parasites belonging to the Myxozoa are characterized by a complex life cycle, alternating between fish and invertebrate hosts, as well as by high species diversity. This inspired us to examine the history of adaptive radiations in myxozoans and their hosts by determining the degree of congruence between their phylogenies and by timing the emergence of myxozoan lineages in relation to their hosts. Recent genomic analyses suggested a common origin of Polypodium hydriforme, a cnidarian parasite of acipenseriform fishes, and the Myxozoa, and proposed fish as original hosts for both sister lineages. We demonstrate that the Myxozoa emerged long before fish populated Earth and that phylogenetic congruence with their invertebrate hosts is evident down to the most basal branches of the tree, indicating bryozoans and annelids as original hosts and challenging previous evolutionary hypotheses. We provide evidence that, following invertebrate invasion, fish hosts were acquired multiple times, leading to parallel cospeciation patterns in all major phylogenetic lineages. We identify the acquisition of vertebrate hosts that facilitate alternative transmission and dispersion strategies as reason for the distinct success of the Myxozoa, and identify massive host specification‐linked parasite diversification events. The results of this study transform our understanding of the origins and evolution of parasitism in the most basal metazoan parasites known.
Escherichia coli transcription factor NusG binds to 70S ribosomes
Authors: Saxena Shivalika , Myka Kamila K. , Washburn Robert , Costantino Nina , Court Donald L. , Gottesman Max E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTranscription and translation are coupled processes in bacteria. A role of transcription elongation cofactor NusG in coupling has been suggested by in vitro structural studies. NMR revealed association of the NusG carboxy‐terminal domain with S10 (NusE), implying a direct role for NusG as a bridge linking RNAP and the lead ribosome. Here we present the first in vitro and in vivo evidence of full‐length NusG association with mature 70S ribosomes. Binding did not require accessory factors in vitro. Mutating the NusG:S10 binding interface at NusG F165 or NusE M88 and D97 residues weakened NusG:S10 association in vivo and completely abolished it in vitro, supporting the specificity of this interaction. Mutations in the binding interface increased sensitivity to chloramphenicol. This phenotype was suppressed by rpoB*35, an RNAP mutation that reduces replisome‐RNAP clashes. We propose that weakened NusG:S10 interaction leads to uncoupling when translation is inhibited, with resulting RNAP backtracking, replication blocks and formation of lethal DNA double‐strand breaks.
Diagnostic value of serum galactomannan, (1,3)‐β‐d‐glucan, and Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgA and IgG assays for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non‐neutropenic patients
Authors: Dobias R. , Jaworska P. , Tomaskova H. , Kanova M. , Lyskova P. , Vrba Z. , Holub C. , Svobodová L. , Hamal P. , Raska M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDetection of serum galactomannan (GM) and (1,3)‐β‐d‐glucan (BG) is considered useful for non‐culture diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in neutropenic patients. Only few studies evaluated these seromarkers in non‐neutropenic patients suspected of having IPA. The aim of this study was to evaluate both tests together with the Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific serum IgG and IgA (IgAG) test for serological IPA diagnosis in non‐neutropenic patients. Sera from 87 patients suspected of having IPA were retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorised into groups of proven IPA (n = 10), putative IPA (n = 31) and non‐IPA colonisation (n = 46). When the GM, BG and IgAG assays were used for patients included in the study, the sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) were 48.8%/91.3%/83.3%/66.7%, 82.9%/73.9%/73.9%/82.9% and 75.6%/95.7%/93.9%/81.5%, respectively. Thus, the highest specificity and PPV were confirmed for the IgAG assay. Improvements in the sensitivity and NPV were achieved by “at least one positive” analysis with the GM and BG assays, with the sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV values being 85.0%/69.6%/71.4%/84.2%. Nevertheless, the highest sensitivity and NPV were achieved by the “at least one positive” analysis combining the GM, BG and IgAG tests (97.6% and 96.8%, respectively). The involvement of the IgAG assay could improve IPA diagnosis in non‐neutropenic patients by increasing the sensitivity and NPV when combined with the GM or BG assays. Furthermore, improvement was achieved by combining the GM, BG and IgAG assays using the “at least one positive test” strategy, especially if doubt exists.
Meal composition influences postprandial sensations independently of valence and gustation
Authors: Pribic T. , Vilaseca H. , Nieto A. , Hernandez L. , Monrroy H. , Malagelada C. , Accarino A. , Roca J. , Azpiroz F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPalatability of meals with identical composition has been shown to influence postprandial sensations. Our aim was to determine to what extent meal composition influences postprandial sensations independently of palatability.MethodsRandomized, crossover, double‐blind trial comparing the postprandial responses to a low‐fat vs a high‐fat test meal, with the same physical and organoleptic characteristics (taste, smell, texture, color, and temperature). The test meal consisted in 150 g hummus containing either 17.7 g fat (low‐fat) or 22.3 g fat (high‐fat), 19.8 g toasts, 120 mL water and 50 g apple puree. In 12 non‐obese healthy men, palatability, homeostatic sensations (hunger/satiety, fullness) and hedonic sensations (digestive well‐being, mood) were measured on 10 cm scales before and during the 60‐min postprandial period. Comparisons between meals were performed with a two‐way repeated measures ANCOVA with premeal data as co‐variate.Key ResultsBoth test meals were rated equally palatable (palatability scores 3.8 ± 0.3 low‐fat, 3.3 ± 0.2 high‐fat; P = .156). As compared to the high‐fat meal, the low‐fat meal induced more satisfaction (meal effect on well‐being F(1,21) = 4.92; P = .038) and tended to improve mood (meal effect F(1,21) = 3.02; P = .064), and this was associated with a non‐significant decrease in satiety (meal effect F(1,21) = 2.29; P = .145) and fullness (meal effect F(1,21) = 1.57; P = .224).Conclusions and InferencesThe composition of meals with equal palatability influences postprandial satisfaction, even without significant impact on homeostatic sensations, although an effect on homeostatic sensations has not been excluded. These conditioning factors may have clinical implications in patients with impaired meal tolerance or meal‐related symptoms.
Drought and increased CO2 alter floral visual and olfactory traits with context‐dependent effects on pollinator visitation
Authors: Glenny William R. , Runyon Justin B. , Burkle Laura A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Climate change can alter species interactions essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function, such as pollination. Understanding the interactive effects of multiple abiotic conditions on floral traits and pollinator visitation are important to anticipate the implications of climate change on pollinator services.

Floral visual and olfactory traits were measured from individuals of four forb species subjected to drought or normal water availability, and elevated or ambient concentrations of CO2 in a factorial design. Pollinator visitation rates and community composition were observed in single‐species and multi‐species forb assemblages.

Drought decreased floral visual traits and pollinator visitation rates but increased volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, whereas elevated CO2 positively affected floral visual traits, VOC emissions and pollinator visitation rates. There was little evidence of interactive effects of drought and CO2 on floral traits and pollinator visitation. Interestingly, the effects of climate treatments on pollinator visitation depended on whether plants were in single‐ or multi‐species assemblages.

Components of climate change altered floral traits and pollinator visitation, but effects were modulated by plant community context. Investigating the response of floral traits, including VOCs, and context‐dependency of pollinator attraction provides additional insights and may aid in understanding the overall effects of climate change on plant–pollinator interactions.
A glycosyl transferase family 43 protein involved in xylan biosynthesis is associated with straw digestibility in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Whitehead Caragh , Ostos Garrido Francisco J. , Reymond Matthieu , Simister Rachael , Distelfeld Assaf , Atienza Sergio G. , Piston Fernando , Gomez Leonardo D. , McQueen‐Mason Simon J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

The recalcitrance of secondary plant cell walls to digestion constrains biomass use for the production of sustainable bioproducts and for animal feed.

We screened a population of Brachypodium recombinant inbred lines (RILs) for cell wall digestibility using commercial cellulases and detected a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with this trait.

Examination of the chromosomal region associated with this QTL revealed a candidate gene that encodes a putative glycosyl transferase family (GT) 43 protein, orthologue of IRX14 in Arabidopsis, and hence predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of xylan. Arabinoxylans form the major matrix polysaccharides in cell walls of grasses, such as Brachypodium. The parental lines of the RIL population carry alternative nonsynonymous polymorphisms in the BdGT43A gene, which were inherited in the RIL progeny in a manner compatible with a causative role in the variation in straw digestibility. In order to validate the implied role of our candidate gene in affecting straw digestibility, we used RNA interference to lower the expression levels of the BdGT43A gene in Brachypodium.

The biomass of the silenced lines showed higher digestibility supporting a causative role of the BdGT43A gene, suggesting that it might form a good target for improving straw digestibility in crops.
Determining the evolutionary forces shaping G × E
Authors: Josephs Emily B. 
Published: March 2018

Contents

Summary
31

I.
Introduction
31

II.
The maintenance of genetic variation for plasticity
32

III.
Why is there environmental variation for genetic effects?
33

IV.
Conclusions
35

Acknowledgements
35

References
35

SummaryPhenotypic plasticity is common in nature, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary forces that shape genetic variation for plasticity. This endeavor is especially important because variation for plasticity will result in genotype‐by‐environment interactions (G × E), a crucial component of variation in quantitative traits. Here, I review our understanding of the evolutionary forces shaping G × E, focusing specifically on: what evolutionary forces maintain variation for plasticity; and what forces maintain different genetic architectures across environments. My specific goal is to show that genomic data can be leveraged to explain the maintenance of G × E by contrasting patterns of genetic variation for plasticity with neutral expectations.
A DEAD‐box RNA helicase, RH8, is critical for regulation of ABA signalling and the drought stress response via inhibition of PP2CA activity
Authors: Baek Woonhee , Lim Chae Woo , Lee Sung Chul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is major plant hormone involved in regulating abiotic stress responses. Several studies have established that an ABA‐signalling transduction pathway—from ABA perception to response—functions in plant cells. The group A PP2Cs constitute core components of ABA signalling, and they negatively regulate ABA signalling and stress responses. Recent studies have identified and functionally analysed regulators of PP2C activity; however, the precise regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we used a yeast 2‐hybrid (Y2H) screening analysis to identify the DEAD‐box RNA helicase RH8, which interacted with PP2CA in the nucleus. rh8 knockout mutants exhibited ABA hyposensitivity and drought‐susceptible phenotypes characterized by high levels of transpirational water loss via reduced stomatal closure and decreased leaf temperatures. However, rh8/pp2ca double mutants showed ABA hypersensitivity and drought‐tolerant phenotypes, indicating that RH8 and PP2CA function in the same ABA‐signalling pathway in the drought stress response; moreover, RH8 functions upstream of PP2CA. In vitro phosphatase and kinase assays revealed that RH8 inhibits PP2CA phosphatase activity. Our data indicate that RH8 and its interacting partner PP2CA modulate the drought stress response via ABA‐dependent signalling.
Localized hypertrichosis of intermammary cleft in monozygotic twins
Authors: Michalik Daniel , Whittington Carli , Bednarek Robert , Marks Katherine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHypertrichosis is a condition in which hair is longer and denser than what is considered normal for an individual based on age, sex, ethnicity, and location on the body and can be classified based on its distribution (generalized vs localized), age of onset (congenital vs acquired), and type of hair (lanugo or vellus vs terminal). We describe a rare case of monozygotic female twins who presented for localized hypertrichosis of the intermammary cleft that developed during puberty. Endocrine examination was unremarkable. Discussion of various treatment modalities should be considered, because localized hypertrichosis may have a considerable psychosocial effect.
Transgender adolescents and acne: A cases series
Authors: Campos‐Muñoz Lucía , López‐De Lara Diego , Rodríguez‐Rojo Marina L. , Conde‐Taboada Alberto , López‐Bran Eduardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe describe the difficulties of treating acne in a series of female‐to‐male transgender adolescents, including concerns about potential hepatotoxicity with concomitant use of testosterone with isotretinoin or tetracyclines. Acne is a foreseeable adverse effect of testosterone treatment in transgender adolescents, so monitoring for acne is advised. The treatment of acne in transgender adolescents is important given that severe acne and transgenderism are associated with higher rates of depression and suicide.