bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondral Fragmentation (Osteochondrosis) of the Canine Patella
Authors: Shealy P. M. , Kincaid S. A. , Hathcock J. T. , Boosinger T. R. , Pernell R. T. , Milton J. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThree four-month-old female grey-hound siblings with osteochondral fragmentation of the lateral aspect of the patella are presented. One dog was affected unilaterally and two bilaterally. The dogs exhibited mild weight-bearing lameness, slight flexion of the stifle, and discomfort during full flexion and extension of affected stifles. A non-palpable, mild synovial effusion was cytologically consistent with chronic inflammation and compatible with osteochondrosis and degenerative joint disease. The hallmark clinical sign was a characteristic prominence of the patella. Cranioproximalcraniodistal oblique (skyline) radio-graphs and transverse CT scans revealed osteochondral fragments and defects of the patella. The osteochondral fragments were surgically excised in two dogs and one dog was necropsied. The osteochondral fragments and patellae were evaluated histologically. Macroscopic and microscopic features of the osteochondral tissues were characteristic of osteochondrosis.Osteochondrosis of the patella was diagnosed in three sibling Greyhounds. The hallmark clinical sign was enlargement and prominence of the patella. Radiographic examination, cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique view, demonstrated the fragmented lateral border of the patella. Findings from computed tomography and histopathological examination are described. Surgical excision of the fragment in two dogs restored satisfactory function.
Extra-Articular Fascial Strip Repair of the Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifle: Technique and Results in Seven Dogs
Authors: Bauer M. S. , Toombs J. P. , Aiken S. W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn extra-articular fascial strip technique, for stabilization of the cranial cruciate deficient stifle, is described and evaluated in a series of seven dogs suffering from rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. The technique was easily performed and resulted in normal stifle joint bio-mechanics, as determined by evaluation of the instantaneous centre of motion. Cranial drawer motion was eliminated immediately after the operation and, after a partial loss of stability at four weeks, six stifles had normal or possessed less than 3.0 mm of cranial drawer motion in either flexion or extension at 26 weeks after the operation. At subsequent examinations, six dogs were free of clinical lameness, and one had a mild intermittent lameness with exercise at 26 weeks after the operation. The extra-articular fascial strip technique is an alternative to lateral retinacular suture techniques for stabilization of the cranial cruciate deficient stifle in dogs weighing less than 15 kg.An extra-articular fascial strip technique for stabilization of the cranial cruciate deficient stifle is described and evaluated. The technique was easily performed and resulted in normal stifle joint biomechanics, as determined by evaluation of the instantaneous centre of motion. All of the dogs performed well and six of seven were free of lameness 26 weeks after the operation.
Backsplinting for Treatment of Thoracic and Lumbar Fracture/Luxation in the Dog: Principles of Application and Case Series
Authors: Smith Gail , Patterson R. H. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySixteen animals with thoracic and lumbar fracture/luxations were treated with an external bracing system. The splint design and the method of application are described along with the complications seen. All of the animals recovered acceptable function, although six had residual neurologic deficits. Biomechanical testing of the splint revealed sufficient strength to limit angular deformation at a bending moment of 40 Nm. This approximates calculated in vivo bending moments for a large paralysed dog. Principles for closed reduction and external bracing of thoracic and lumbar injuries are presented.External coaptation was used in the reduction and fixation of 16 animals with thoracic and lumbar fracture/luxations. This spinal bracing system is described and principles of its application are presented. An experimental bending test was employed to test the hypothesis that the splint could effectively limit angulation at calculated in vivo bending moments.
Surgical Repair of Acute Gracilis Muscle Rupture in the Racing Greyhound
Authors: Eaton-Wells R. 
Published: March 2018

A retrospective study of the surgical repair of 27 cases of acute gracilis muscle rupture ("dropped back muscle") in 23 racing greyhounds was conducted.All of the dogs suffered the injury while racing or training. Suture materials and surgical technique are described. The dogs ability to resume racing was assessed.
Psychologie des Positiven
Authors: Walter H. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie vernachlässigte Psychologie des Positiven mit den Mitteln der wissenschaftlichen Psychologie zu erforschen und dabei Interventionen zu entwickeln um Glück und Wohlbefinden zu steigern, ist die Aufgabe, der sich seit ca. 15 Jahren die “Positive Psychologie” widmet. In diesem Artikel werden Konzept, Geschichte, Ergebnisse, neurobiologische Grundlagen und die Kritik an der Positiven Psychologie dargestellt und erläutert. Obwohl ursprünglich entwickelt, um das Positive bei psychisch gesunden Menschen zu stärken, werden positive Interventionen inzwischen auch im Bereich der Behandlung leichter und mittelschwerer Depressionen erfolgreich eingesetzt, wie Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse zeigen. Die Erforschung einer Neuropsychobiologie des Positiven stellt eine reichhaltige Ressource für alle psychotherapeutischen Schulen dar, die stärkere Aufmerksamkeit verdient.
Applying Informatics in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Zhou Xiaolin , Yang Daping , Ge Haiyan , Wang Qi , Tu Kang , Guo Tiefang , Xu Jie 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objective:
To facilitate tissue engineering strategies determination with informatics tools.

Methods:
Firstly, tissue engineering experimental data were standardized and integrated into a centralized database; secondly, we used data mining tools (e.g. artificial neural networks and decision trees) to predict the outcomes of tissue engineering strategies; thirdly, a strategy design algorithm was developed, and its efficacy was validated with animal experiments; lastly, we constructed an online database and a decision support system for tissue engineering.

Results:
The artificial neural networks and the decision trees respectively predicted the outcomes of tissue engineering strategies with the predictive accuracy of 95.14% and 85.26%. Following the strategies generated by computer, we cured 18 of the 20 experimental animals with a significantly lower cost than usual.

Conclusion:
Informatics is beneficial for realizing safe, effective and economical tissue engineering.
Decision Analysis for the Assessment of a Record Linkage Procedure
Authors: Binquet C. , Allaert F. A. , Cornet B. , Pattisina R. , Leteuff G. , Ferdynus C. , Gouyon J. B. , Quantin C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
According to European legislation, we must develop computer software allowing the linkage of medical records previously rendered anonymous. Some of them, like AUTOMATCH, are used in daily practice either to gather medical files in epidemiologic studies or for clinical purpose. In the first situation, the aim is to avoid homonymous errors, and in the second one, synonymous errors. The objective of this work is to study the effect of different parameters (number of identification variables, phonetic treatments of names, direct or probabilistic linkage procedure) on the reliability of the linkage in order to determine which strategy is the best according to the purpose of the linkage.

Methods:
The assessment of the Burgundy Perinatal Network requires the linking of discharge abstracts of mothers and neonates, collected in all the hospitals of the region. Those data are used to compare direct and probabilistic linkage, using different parameterization strategies.

Results:
If the linkage has to be performed in real time, so that no validation of indecisions generated by probabilistic linkage is possible, probabilistic linkage using three variables without any phonetic treatment seems to be the most appropriate approach, combined with a direct linkage using four variables applied to non-conclusive links. If a validation of indecisions is possible in an epidemiological study, probabilistic linkage using five variables, with a phonetic treatment adapted to the local language has to be preferred. For medical purpose, it should be combined with a direct linkage with four or five variables.

Conclusion:
This paper reveals that the time and money available to manage indecision as well as the purpose of the linkage are of paramount importance for choosing a linkage strategy.
François Grémy and the Birth of IMIA
Authors: Haux R. , Kulikowski C. , Lun K. C. , Degoulet P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn 2001 the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) approved the establishment of a Medical Informatics Award of Excellence to be given every three years to an individual, whose personal commitment and dedication to medical informatics has made a lasting contribution to medicine and healthcare through her or his achievements in research, education, development or applications in the field of medical informatics. The first award was given in 2004 to Prof. François Grémy, Uzes, France.As the first chairman and moderator of TC4, François Grémy is considered to be the first President of its renamed and refocused successor, the International Medical Informatics Association. The role of IFIP-TC4 in bringing together early health informaticians cannot be underestimated. Although TC4 was composed in large part of computer professionals interested in medical applications, Grémy recruited the first generation of IMIA officers and members from the medical and healthcare communities. Intellectually as well as organizationally, IFIP-TC4 was the true predecessor of IMIA.
Empirical Eigenfunctions and Medial Surface Dynamics of a Human Vocal Fold
Authors: Tayama N. , Berry D. A. , Döllinger M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The purpose of this investigation was to use an excised human larynx to substantiate physical mechanisms of sustained vocal fold oscillation over a variety of phonatory conditions. During sustained, flow-induced oscillation, dynamical data was collected from the medial surface of the vocal fold. The method of Empirical Eigenfunctions was used to analyze the data and to probe physical mechanisms of sustained oscillation.

Methods:
Thirty microsutures were mounted on the medial margin of a human vocal fold. Across five distinct phonatory conditions, the vocal fold was set into oscillation and imaged with a high-speed digital imaging system. The position coordinates of the sutures were extracted from the images and converted into physical coordinates. Empirical Eigenfunctions were computed from the time-varying physical coordinates, and mechanisms of sustained oscillation were explored.

Results:
Using the method of Empirical Eigenfunctions, physical mechanisms of sustained vocal fold oscillation were substantiated. In particular, the essential dynamics of vocal fold vibration were captured by two dominant Empirical Eigenfunctions. The largest Eigenfunction primarily captured the alternating convergent/ divergent shape of the medial surface of the vocal fold, while the second largest Eigenfunction primarily captured the lateral vibrations of the vocal fold.

Conclusions:
The hemi-larynx setup yielded a view of the medial surface of the vocal folds, revealing the tissue vibrations which produced sound. Through the use of Empirical Eigenfunctions, the underlying modes of vibration were computed, disclosing physical mechanisms of sustained vocal fold oscillation. The investigation substantiated previous theoretical analyses and yielded significant data to help evaluate and refine computational models of vocal fold vibration.
Tutorial on Microarray Gene Expression Experiments
Authors: Mansmann U. , Brunner E. , Ziegler A. , Repsilber D. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
With the collection of articles presented in this special issue, we aim at educating interested statisticians and biometricians on the one hand as well as biologists and medical researchers on the other with respect to basic necessities in planning, conducting and analyzing microarray gene expression experiments. The reader should get comprehensive directions to understand both the overall structure of this approach as well as the decisive details, which enable – or thwart – a meaningful data analysis.

Methods:
For a one-day workshop with tutorial character we brought together experts in design, conduct and analysis of microarray gene expression experiments who prepared a series of comprehensive lessons. These contributions were then reworked into a series of introductory articles and bundled in form and content as a Special Topic.

Results:
It was possible to present a tutorial overview of the field. The interested reader was able to learn the basic necessities and was referred to further references for details on the possible alternatives. A recipe style all-embracing plan, covering all eventualities and possibilities was not only beyond the scope of an introductory tutorial-like presentation, but was also not yet agreed upon by the scientific society.

Conclusions:
It proved feasible to find a framework for integrating the interdisciplinary approaches to the challenging field of gene expression analysis with microarrays, hopefully contributing to a rapid and comprehensive introduction for novices.
Two-color Microarray Experiments
Authors: Ziegler A. , Repsilber D. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Microarray gene expression experiments have a complex technical background. Knowledge about certain technical details is inevitable to judge alternatives for both experimental design and analysis. Here, we introduce the necessary details for the so-called two-color microarray experiments and review major sources of technical variance.

Methods:
We follow the sequence of experimental steps during a typical two-color microarray gene expression experiment, stressing decisive points in the choice of technique, experimental handling and biophysical basics. We point out where technical variation is to be expected.

Results:
Tissue storage, RNA extraction techniques, as well as the microarray hybridization represent major components of technical variance to be considered. Depending on the possibilities for access to the biomedical material under investigation, choice of amplification and labeling techniques can also be decisive to avoid additional technical variance. The two-color microarray experimental approach seeks to avoid a group of probe-level technical biases making use of the advantages of an incomplete block-design.

Conclusions:
It is worth to know the major sources of technical variance during the typical experimental sequence, both for choice of experimental design and techniques of molecular biology, as well as for the understanding of quality control and normalization approaches. Here, early investments pay at the level of reduced technical variance, allowing for enhanced detection levels for the effects under investigation.
Image Analysis for cDNA Microarrays
Authors: Rahnenführer J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
We characterize typical problems encountered in microarray image analysis and present algorithmic approaches dealing with background estimation, spot identification and intensity extraction. Validation of the quality of resulting measurements is discussed.

Methods:
We describe sources for errors in microarray images and present algorithms that have been specifically developed to deal with such experimental imperfections.

Results:
For the image analysis of hybridization experiments, discriminating spot regions from a background is the most critical step. Spot shape detection algorithms, intensity histogram methods and hybrid approaches have been proposed. The correctness of final intensity estimates is difficult to verify. Nevertheless, the application of sophisticated algorithms provides a significant reduction of the possible information loss.

Conclusions:
The initial analysis step for array hybridization experiments is the estimation of expression intensities. The quality of this process is crucial for the validity of interpretations from subsequent analysis steps.
Quality Control for Microarray Experiments
Authors: Hartmann O. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
In this paper we give an overview of post-hybridization quality control methods for gene expression chips, including methods for the gene/spot level, the hybridization/chip level and the process level. We present quality control methods that can be applied after hybridization and image analysis, i.e. that use data from the chip experiment itself. Wet lab quality control steps, which should be applied before the probe is measured on a chip, are not discussed. This review is aimed towards statisticians and data analysts.

Methods:
We give examples of some of the quality control measures available for spotted cDNA and Affymetrix GeneChips®, the most common chip types. As quality control measures are technology and design-dependent, we will stress on methods that have the potential to be applied platform-independently.

Results:
Quality control should identify poor quality chips or hybridizations, as well as faulty measurements for individual genes/spots. Additionally, high throughput laboratories processing several tens or hundreds of microarrays per week have the need for an appropriate process control to be able to identify changes in the production process as early as possible.

Conclusion:
Microarrays have become a standard research tool for biologists and medical researchers. As a consequence, there is a great need for standardized quality control, as false findings due to problem in data quality can lead to a substantial loss of resources.
Predicting Missing Values in a Home Care Database Using an Adaptive Uncertainty Rule Method
Authors: Gogou G. , Bamidis P. D. , Vlahavas I. , Maglaveras N. , Konias S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Contemporary literature illustrates an abundance of adaptive algorithms for mining association rules. However, most literature is unable to deal with the peculiarities, such as missing values and dynamic data creation, that are frequently encountered in fields like medicine. This paper proposes an uncertainty rule method that uses an adaptive threshold for filling missing values in newly added records. A new approach for mining uncertainty rules and filling missing values is proposed, which is in turn particularly suitable for dynamic databases, like the ones used in home care systems.

Methods:
In this study, a new data mining method named FiMV (Filling Missing Values) is illustrated based on the mined uncertainty rules. Uncertainty rules have quite a similar structure to association rules and are extracted by an algorithm proposed in previous work, namely AURG (Adaptive Uncertainty Rule Generation). The main target was to implement an appropriate method for recovering missing values in a dynamic database, where new records are continuously added, without needing to specify any kind of thresholds beforehand.

Results:
The method was applied to a home care monitoring system database. Randomly, multiple missing values for each record’s attributes (rate 5-20% by 5% increments) were introduced in the initial dataset. FiMV demonstrated 100% completion rates with over 90% success in each case, while usual approaches, where all records with missing values are ignored or thresholds are required, experienced significantly reduced completion and success rates.

Conclusions:
It is concluded that the proposed method is appropriate for the data-cleaning step of the Knowledge Discovery process in databases. The latter, containing much significance for the output efficiency of any data mining technique, can improve the quality of the mined information.
Getting the Big Picture
Authors: Balka E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives: While recognized that global actors influence health information system design, studies of health informatics have largely focused on micro politics of technology design and implementation. Here a problematic patient care information system (PCIS) is discussed in relation to federal and provincial policies and corporate strategies to demonstrate that our understanding of health informatics can be enhanced by linking micro studies of health informatics to larger macro contexts.
Methods: Interviews and document study.
Results: Although the extent to which federal initiatives influenced (or failed to influence) provincial and hospital initiatives remains debateable, events initiated at one level (the hospital’s decision to implement software, initiated at the organizational level) are influenced (perhaps indirectly) by developments in other contexts (federal /macro changes gave an initiative more weight; provincial initiatives such as the Labour Accord altered the industrial relations environment in which system development occurred).
Conclusions: Micro-studies of work practice, invaluable in addressing interactions between technologies, users and work practices, often fail to account for the historic reach of global actors, although it is often these historic circumstances that contribute to present-day interactions between user, information system and organization, and that find expression – often indirectly – in daily work practices.
Understanding Terminological Systems II: Experience with Conceptual and Formal Representation of Structure
Authors: Abu-Hanna A. , de Keizer N. F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This article describes the application of two popular conceptual and formal representation formalisms, as part of a framework for understanding terminological systems. A precise understanding of the structure of a terminological system is essential to assess existing terminological systems, to recognize patterns in various systems and to build new terminological systems. Our experience with the application of this framework to five well-known terminological systems is described.
Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response to Short-Term Head-Down Bed Rest: A Nonlinear Approach
Authors: Balocchi R. , Di Garbo A. , Michelassi C. , Chillemi S. , Varanini M. , Barbi M. , Legramante J. M. , Raimondi G. , Zbilut J. P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Although it is well-known that prolonged exposure to microgravity environment such as in space travel results in derangements of orthostasis, recent evidence suggests that even short-term exposure may have similar effects and parallels such common examples as prolonged bed rest. Whereas spectral analysis of heart rate and systolic blood pressure have been unable to detect changes, we hypothesized that nonlinear indexes may be better able to uncover such perturbations. Eighteen healthy subjects were exposed to 4-hour head-down tilt, and of these, 4 exhibited fainting. Two nonlinear indexes, mutual information and recurrence quantification were used to analyze the data. Only recurrence quantification was able to detect a “decoupling” of heart rate and systolic blood pressure at rest using discriminant analysis (p < 0.05). These results suggest that orthostatic intolerance may be due to a decoupling of heart rate from systolic blood pressure reflexive activity occurring at rest.