bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and their key elements: A scoping review
Authors: Canuto Kootsy , Gaweda Celina , Brickley Bryce , Neate Rosie , Hammond Courtney , Newcombe Leah , Gee Graham , Black Oliver , Clinch Douglas , Smith James A. , Canuto Karla J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedThis scoping review aims to explore the size and scope of the body of literature relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs and describe key program elements.MethodsThis review considered unpublished and published literature from electronic peer‐reviewed databases and grey literature sources. Included articles must refer to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing program. Descriptive data synthesised, and seven key program elements were analysed: (1) Origin of Design, (2) Governance, (3) Leads/Facilitators, (4) Funding, (5) Length and Frequency, (6) Outcomes and Measures, and (7) Monitoring and Evaluation.ResultsThe review identified 54 programs described in 49 publications that were published between 1998 and 2022. Only 20 publications were peer‐reviewed articles. Most programs (n = 44) were instigated, co‐designed or adapted by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to suit cultural and community needs. Reporting on key program elements varied, with only n = 25 of the included publications reporting governance systems.ConclusionsThis work is the first to synthesise the literature and describe the key elements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander male health and wellbeing programs. Relatively few publications were found describing programs designed specifically for this population group.So What?While the descriptive findings of the programs and their key elements in this review can assist health promotion and primary care practitioners, further investment and research are required to strengthen the evidence base and achieve the best health and wellbeing outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males.
Differential Responses of Sap Flow to Environmental Factors Under Contrasting Rainfall Amounts During the Rainy Season in a Boreal Birch Forest
Authors: Tian Yehong , Man Xiuling , Xu Zhipeng , Cai Tijiu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSap flow dynamics are critical for understanding how vegetation consumes water and adapts to environmental stress. The response of sap flow in boreal birch secondary forests to rainfall variations during the rainy season, however, has been inadequately explored. Our study indicated that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) are the primary drivers of sap flow density in birch trees across different diameter classes (Fds: small trees, Fdm: medium‐sized trees, Fdl: large trees). Soil water content (SWC) significantly reduces sap flow when it falls below the 0.18 cm3/cm3. Sap flow density increased with PAR and initially with VPD but plateaued at higher VPD levels due to saturation. A hierarchy of sap flow density was observed, with Fdl > Fdm > Fds, each responding differently to PAR, VPD and SWC. With decreasing rainfall across rainy seasons, the influence of PAR on Fds and Fdm weakened, while the influence of VPD strengthened. For Fdl, the impact of VPD peaked and then declined, while the influence of PAR showed an inverse pattern. In the dry season, Fdl was primarily driven by PAR and influenced by VPD and SWC, whereas Fds was mainly controlled by VPD, with minimal effects from PAR and SWC. The response of Fdm to SWC was similar to that of Fdl, but it mirrored the response of Fds to PAR and VPD. These findings suggest that sap flow in boreal birch forests may become increasingly susceptible to SWC stress as global climate change intensifies.
Evaluating the impact of fertilizer and crop prices on phosphorus concentrations in Great Lakes watersheds
Authors: Sarkar Sampriti , Lal Preet , Sears Molly , Lupi Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCrop and input prices affect agricultural production and water pollution. Fertilizer prices fluctuated over the past two decades, recently increasing substantially. Corn prices also increased after authorization of the Renewable Fuel Standard. This paper estimates the effect of fertilizer and corn prices on total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentrations across 226 Great Lakes region watersheds. Findings indicate that a 10% rise in fertilizer prices reduces TP by 3% and DP by 6.9%. Counterfactual analysis shows that without recent fertilizer price hikes, nutrient concentrations would be higher, underscoring the impact of crop and input prices on phosphorus pollution.
Study on the Role of microRNA‐138‐5p Through Sorbin and SH3 Domain‐Containing Protein 2 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang LiGong , Zhu Chao , Guo Chenxu , Yin FaXiang , Xie Qiang , Tao Min 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BRCA) is one of the major threats to women's health worldwide. This study focuses on the roles of sorbin and SH3 domain‐containing protein 2 (SORBS2) protein and microRNA‐138‐5p in the progression of BRCA, analyzing their regulatory effects on cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, and migration ability. Using bioinformatics tools and experimental methods, the study found that SORBS2 is commonly underexpressed in BRCA. Additionally, it demonstrated that microRNA‐138‐5p can significantly inhibit tumor growth by suppressing SORBS2 expression, providing new molecular targets for BRCA treatment.
A Compact Piezo‐Drive Rotatable Scanning Tunneling Microscope in a 12 T Cryogen‐Free Magnet
Authors: Liu Junwei , Li Zihao , Wu Dan , Zheng Shaofeng , Gao Yue , Yang Shiwei , Wang Jihao , Zhang Jing , Feng Qiyuan , Hou Yubin , Meng Wenjie , Lu Yalin , Lu Qingyou 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAtomically resolved scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of in situ rotation in a narrow magnet bore has become a long‐awaited but challenging technique in the field of strong correlation studies since it can introduce the orientation of the strong magnetic field as a control parameter. This article presents the design and functionality of a piezoelectrically driven rotatable STM (RSTM), operating within a 12 T cryogen‐free magnet and achieving a base temperature below 1.8 K, along with spectroscopic capabilities. The system features a compact STM head unit that combines an inertia drive shaft with spring clamping onto the inner wall of a slender piezoelectric scanning tube (PST), enabling both stepper and scanner functionality while reducing the STM's size to 25.5 mm in length and 9 mm in diameter, facilitating rotation within the magnet bore. Another linear piezoelectric motor, driven by a PST, employs a mechanical linkage to convert linear into rotational motion, driving the STM head unit coaxially aligned with it. This mechanism enables STM accurate rotation, offering angle control from 0° to 90° with an ideal closed‐loop accuracy of 0.11° per 0.01 V, as determined by a calibrated Hall sensor. Compact and suspended as a standalone unit at the tail of the sample probe, the RSTM is effectively shielded from external mechanical vibrations via secondary counterweight damping. To validate the device performance, the topographic images of graphite and NbSe2 and their spectroscopy at various magnetic field orientations up to 12 T and temperatures below 1.8 K are obtained. The compact and vibration‐resistant RSTM provides compatibility with ultra‐high‐field water‐cooled magnets, facilitating investigations into multiangle magnetic field modulation studies for condensed matter physics.
Determining health professional students’ self‐perceived cultural capability following participation in clinical placement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: A systematic review
Authors: Paisley Kate , Sadler Sean , West (Wiradjuri) Matthew , Gerrard James , Wilson (Wiradjuri) Rhonda , Searle Angela , Chuter Vivienne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundCollective evaluation of studies assessing students’ self‐perceived cultural capability following clinical placement is required to help inform future cultural capability training for both university and healthcare service environments. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate studies investigating health professional students’ self‐perceived cultural capability following participation in a clinical placement with First Nations Peoples.MethodsElectronic database searchers were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, PsychINFO, Pubmed, CINAHL and Informit. Hand Searches of grey literature were conducted including Lowitja institute, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Menzies School of Health Research, Services for Australian Rural and Remote Allied Health, and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Studies published in English that investigated health professional students’ self‐perceived cultural capability before and after clinical placement undertaken with First Nations people in Australia were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently screened potentially eligible studies and performed quality appraisal and data extraction.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included (n = 307 participants). Studies included undergraduate students from podiatry, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and mixed health professions. The results of this systematic review suggest that clinical placements in health services or settings for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples that involve elements of co‐design are effective in increasing aspects of health professional students’ self‐perceived cultural capability. This outcome was consistent across studies regardless of the location of clinical placements (urban or rural), type of clinical placement (health setting or Community), or length of placement.ConclusionsThe findings from this systematic review suggest that clinical placement in health services or settings for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples may contribute to increased self‐perceived cultural capability in health professions graduates. However, the impact of the placements on the cultural safety of student‐led care, from a First Nations perspective, remains to be established.
High recent PrEP adherence with point‐of‐care urine tenofovir testing and adherence counselling among young African women: results from the INSIGHT cohort
Authors: Gati Mirembe Brenda , Donnell Deborah , Krows Meighan , Zwane Zinhle , Bukusi Elizabeth , Panchia Ravindre , Louw Cheryl , Mwelase Noluthando , Selepe Pearl , Senne Melissa , Naidoo Logashvari , Chihana Rachel , Kasaro Margaret , Nuwagaba‐Biribonwoha Harriet , Kotze Philip , Gill Katherine , MacDonald Pippa , vanHeerden Alastair , Bosman Shannon , Jaggernath Manjeetha , du Preez Phillip , Ward Amy , Peters Remco P. H. , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Peacock Sue , Johnson Rachel , Caucutt Jason , Morrison Susan , Wang Guohong , Gandhi Monica , Velloza Jennifer , Heffron Renee , Celum Connie ,   the INSIGHT Study Team
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent girls and young women (AGYW) account for two‐thirds of new HIV infections in Africa. African AGYW have had high uptake of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) but low adherence, which might be improved by point‐of‐care adherence monitoring with tailored counselling.MethodsFrom August 2022 to July 2023, we conducted a PrEP demonstration project with sexually active AGYW ages 16−30 years from 20 sites in South Africa, Eswatini, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda and Zambia. Participants were offered oral tenofovir‐based PrEP at enrolment and followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months. PrEP adherence was assessed by a point‐of‐care qualitative lateral flow urine tenofovir (TFV) assay indicating PrEP use in the prior 4 days, which accompanied real‐time adherence counselling that incorporated urine TFV results when testing was available (70.8% of month 1, 35.3% of month 3 and 83.9% of month 6 visits). We estimated overall adherence, correcting for missing test results, and analysed the association of having received urine TFV results at month 1 or 3 with subsequent urine TFV test positivity, using modified Poisson regression.ResultsOf the 3087 AGYW enrolled, the median age was 24 years (interquartile range 21−27), 75.7% were from South Africa, 2878 (93.2%) initiated PrEP at enrolment and 107 (3.5%) after enrolment. Visit retention was 92.0−96.2% for months 1, 3 and 6, and 2518 (90.1%) exited the study with a PrEP refill. Adherence, based on the point‐of‐care urine tenofovir test positivity rate, was estimated as 72%, 71% and 65% at months 1, 3 and 6, respectively. Women who received one prior urine TFV test had a 42% higher likelihood of a subsequent positive urine TFV test (adjusted odds ratio, OR = 1.42, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.27−1.60), and those having received two prior tests had a 67% higher likelihood (adjusted OR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.41−1.98). Observed HIV incidence was 1.38/100 person‐years (95% CI 0.97−2.08).ConclusionsOral PrEP uptake, recent adherence and persistence were high in a multisite cohort of young African women over 6 months of follow‐up. The use of a novel point‐of‐care tenofovir assay with tailored real‐time adherence counselling was associated with increased adherence to PrEP at subsequent visits, warranting further study.Clinical trials registrationclinicaltrials.gov NCT05746065
Executive and adaptive function impacts long‐term outcomes for adults with maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Gold Jessica I. , Strong Alanna , Gold Nina B. , Yudkoff Marc , Szalda Dava , Jan Sophia , Schwartz Lisa A. , Ganetzky Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSuccessful transition to independent adulthood requires intact executive and adaptive function. These neurocognitive domains are frequently impaired in inherited metabolic disorders (IMD), despite optimal management. For many IMDs, the impact of executive and adaptive dysfunction on long‐term outcomes remains undefined. Standardized assessments linking neurocognitive status with functional outcomes are needed to improve prognostication and tailor support for affected emerging adults. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a relatively prevalent IMD, is primarily diagnosed in the first week of life through newborn screening. Despite early intervention, executive and adaptive dysfunction persist. We designed a remote, interactive battery of neurocognitive and functional assessments for adults (≥21 years) with MSUD to correlate neurocognition and long‐term outcomes. Participants were selectively recruited for racial, ethnic, socio‐economic, and geographic diversity. Assessments completed by 28 adults with MSUD (82% diagnosed after symptom onset, 25% from minority communities) show a wide range in educational attainment, employment, and residence. Executive and adaptive function were significantly impaired in adults with MSUD compared to controls. Executive and adaptive deficits correlated negatively with educational attainment, employment, and obtaining skills needed for adult‐oriented healthcare or independent living. Clinical history did not predict functional outcomes, but neurocognitive assessments suggest the benefits of pre‐symptomatic diagnosis. Independent adulthood is attainable for individuals with MSUD. Routine assessment of neurocognition and interventions targeting executive and adaptive function may improve long‐term functional outcomes in IMD.
Imaging Assessment of the Pituitary Gland and Long‐Term Endocrinological Abnormalities in Pediatric Brain Cancer Survivors
Authors: Qawasmi Feras , Segev Maria , Sobeh Tamer , Gorenstein Larisa , Abebe‐Campino Gadi , Hoffmann Chen , Yalon Michal , Modan‐Moses Dalit , Shrot Shai 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundPediatric brain cancer survivors often experience hypothalamic–pituitary dysfunction due to cranial irradiation and chemotherapy. While hormone deficiencies have been studied, the changes in pituitary size and shape on long‐term MRI and their relationship to endocrine dysfunction remain under‐explored.PurposeTo evaluate pituitary gland height, volume, and shape in relation to long‐term endocrine abnormalities in pediatric brain tumor survivors.Study TypeRetrospective cohort study.PopulationA total of 56 pediatric brain tumor survivors (50% male) with an average follow‐up of 10.8 ± 1.6 years; 44.6% underwent radiotherapy, and 48% were treated with chemotherapy. One‐third of the cohort experienced at least one pituitary hormone deficiency.Field Strength/Sequence3 T, including volumetric 1 mm sagittal post‐contrast T1 images.AssessmentPituitary height, volume, and shape (concave, horizontal, convex) were measured. Endocrine abnormalities were diagnosed through routine serum hormone testing.Statistical TestsThe t test, chi‐square test, and Pearson test with significance at P < 0.05 were used. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed the association of imaging parameters and pituitary dysfunction.ResultsRadiation and chemotherapy treatment were significantly associated with pituitary hormone deficiencies. There were significant differences in pituitary height and volume in patients with pituitary hormone deficiencies compared with normal pituitary function (4.0 ± 1.3 vs. 5.5 ± 1.5 mm, and 354.2 ± 198.0 vs. 568.3 ± 184.4 mm3, respectively). There was a significant association between radiation therapy and pituitary gland shape, with 60.0% of patients who received radiation therapy exhibiting a pituitary shape categorized as concave, 32.0% as horizontal, and 8.0% as convex, compared to 9.7%, 74.2%, and 16.1%, respectively. ROC analysis for association with pituitary hormone deficiency was 0.81, 0.8, and 0.74 for pituitary height, volume, and shape, respectively.Data ConclusionCranial irradiation and chemotherapy in pediatric brain tumors are associated with endocrine dysfunction, with decreased pituitary height, volume, and concave shape in long‐term MRI surveillance are associated with such late endocrine dysfunction.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Recent Trends in Extreme Temperature Events Across the Contiguous United States
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Lee Cameron C. , Sheridan Scott C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTExtreme heat events (EHEs) are becoming prevalent across the globe and are a major factor in terms of temperature‐related mortality in the United States (US). In this study, we compare trends in extreme temperature events (ETEs) across the Contiguous US, from 3 reanalysis products, namely: European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Version 5 (ERA5), Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA2) and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). We focused on the trends (1980–2022) in absolute extreme heat and cold events (ECE) as well as seasonally relative extreme heat and cold events (REHE and RECE). ETEs are defined based on a duration‐intensity metric calculated from excess apparent temperature factors, based on the exceedance of apparent temperature beyond local percentile thresholds while incorporating an acclimatisation factor. Our results show that the reanalysis data sets generally produced consistent climatology of ETEs, though with some inconsistencies in their number and spatial distribution. ETE trends in the study region are spatially heterogeneous and were more consistent between MERRA2 and ERA5. Nonetheless, all data sets agree that the frequency of EHEs is significantly increasing in the western parts of the US, whereas REHEs are significantly increasing in the southern parts. The highest increase in the frequency of EHEs occurs in southern California and Nevada, while REHE trends are maximal in Florida. RECEs are significantly decreasing more in spatial scale and magnitude than ECEs, especially towards the coastal regions. The highest decrease in RECEs is in Florida peninsula, southern California and Nevada. The data sets show inconsistency in ECE trends. Trends in excess temperature factors further indicated that extreme cold conditions are decreasing faster compared to the increasing trends of extreme heat conditions. Our findings highlight the need for improving the monitoring of ETEs across the US and for policies that mitigate the impact of ETEs on biological systems.
Enhancing stability and physiological activity of Aronia melanocarpaL. anthocyanin by polysaccharides
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Zhu Shiyu , Shang Dansen , Hamid Nazimah , Ma Qianli , Xiao Yuhang , Ren Lining , Liu Guochen , Sun Aidong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe existence of multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups in anthocyanins makes their structure unstable and leads to the degradation of anthocyanins. At present, there are few studies on the stability and physiological activity of Aronia melanocarpa L. anthocyanins by different polysaccharides. The present study investigated the effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), pectin and xanthan gum (XG) on the stability and biological activities of A. melanocarpa L. anthocyanins.RESULTSThe anthocyanins of A. melanocarpa L. (AAM) were successfully extracted from A. melanocarpa L. with an extraction rate of 3.07 mg g−1 by single factor and response surface experiments. The results of scanning electron microscopy and a multispectral technique showed that AAM‐polysaccharides complex was combined by hydrogen bond, cation‐π interaction and electrostatic interaction. The AAM‐polysaccharides complex improved the retention rate of anthocyanins after treatment with light, heating, oxidant reducing agent, metal ions and preservatives compared to the results for AAM alone. Determination of DPPH· scavenging capacity, ABTS+ scavenging capacity and total reducing capacity indicated that the presence of polysaccharide could improve the antioxidant activity of AAM in vitro. The three polysaccharides combined with AAM showed higher binding ability to taurocholate and glycocholate compared to the AAM group, with the AAM‐XG binding rate being the highest at 27.61% and 20.61%, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibition rate significantly increased with the incorporation of XG, reaching 72.22%.CONCLUSIONThe stability and physiological activity of AAM were improved after the addition of CMC, pectin and XG in the simulated system, and the presence of XG showed greater advantages. The present study strongly suggests that anthocyanins driven by polysaccharides have a positive effect on the stability and physiological activity of anthocyanins and may also provide a research basis for the development of processing technology for anthocyanins in food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantitative analysis of velopharyngeal closure function in patients with cleft palate using four‐dimensional computed tomography: Early experience of pre‐ and postoperative evaluation in pediatric patients
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Tsurumi Takuya , Aizawa Takako , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionVelopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in cleft palate patients often requires surgical intervention. This study evaluates the effectiveness of four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) in assessing velopharyngeal function (VPF) pre‐ and postoperatively.Case presentationFour pediatric patients with cleft palate underwent 4D‐CT imaging before and after surgery. Velar length, thickness, elevation angle, and minimum cross‐sectional area were measured during sustained phonation.Conclusion4D‐CT provided detailed imaging without patient discomfort, allowing both qualitative and quantitative analysis. While surgery improved velopharyngeal motion in most cases, further research is needed to understand the relationship between structural changes and hypernasality outcomes.