bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vom Nutzen des Stillens
Authors: Krawinkel M. B. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Erkenntnis, dass Stillen die adäquate Form und der Regelfall der Ernährung im frühen Säuglingsalter ist, hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten auch in Deutschland wieder zunehmend durchgesetzt. An der Frage, ob 6 Monate exklusives Stillen weltweit weiterhin gefördert werden soll, sind vor dem Hintergrund allergologischer Erkenntnisse nicht nur Zweifel aufgekommen, sondern es wird heute in Deutschland empfohlen im 5. Monat bereits Beikost einzuführen. Ob diese Verkürzung der Empfehlung für exklusives Stillen nur einen Reflex auf in der Regel viel kürzere Stilldauern darstellt oder ob sie eine für alle Mütter sinnvolle Empfehlung sein kann, wird anhand von Beispielen diskutiert. Der Konsensus, der im „Netzwerk Junge Familie” kommuniziert wird, ist heute die Beratungsgrundlage für die Betreuung der Eltern. Wichtig erscheint die Einführung der Beikost, bevor das Stillen beendet wird, denn es ist durchaus anzunehmen, dass die Toleranzentwicklung gegenüber Nahrungsallergenen durch die Wirkungen der Muttermilch auf das Darm-assoziierte Immunsystem begünstigt wird. Unter dieser Annahme ist neben der Empfehlung eines absoluten Zeitpunkts zur Beikosteinführung das Stillverhalten der Mütter zu berücksichtigen.
Hirnmetastasen
Authors: Nadji-Ohl M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEine adäquate und zeitgerechte Behandlung von Hirnmetastasen setzt eine intensive interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit verschiedener Fachrichtungen wie Onkologie, Strahlentherapie, Neurochirurgie und Neuroradiologie voraus. Nur so können individuelle Behandlungswege geplant und durchgeführt werden. Die Fortschritte in der Behandlung verschiedener Krebserkrankungen hat einerseits erfreulicherweise zu einer Zunahme der mittleren Überlebenszeit der Betroffenen geführt, konfrontiert uns aber zunehmend mit dem Problem einer zerebralen Metastasierung. Auch wenn es zum Routineprogramm der Krebsnachsorge gehört, in bestimmten Abständen eine Ganzkörperuntersuchung durchzuführen, ist die routinemäßige Untersuchung des Kopfes leider nicht in das Nachsorgeprogramm mit einbezogen. Diese Lücken müssen in naher Zukunft geschlossen werden, da moderne Therapieverfahren durchaus zu einer Verbesserung der Gesamtüberlebenszeit und Lebensqualität führen können.
The utility of FDG-PET for detecting multiple primary cancers in hypopharyngeal cancer patients
Authors: Kaida H. , Ishibashi M. , Kurata S. , Uchiyama Y. , Tanaka N. , Abe T. , Kobayashi M. , Kaibara H. , Uchida M. , Nakashima T. , Fujita H. , Hayabuchi N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAim: To examine the utility of 2’-[18F]-fluoro-2’-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detecting multiple primary cancers (MPC) in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). Patients, methods: Seventy patients with HPC underwent FDG-PET to determine the staging. Routine clinical examinations were carried out, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and oesophagealgastroduodenoscopy (EGDS). The detection rate of synchronous and metachronous cancer was calculated based on FDG-PET alone or FDG-PET combined with clinical routine examination. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy were used to diagnose oesophageal cancer using FDG-PET. Results: Of the 70 patients, 12 (17.1%) had 15 synchronous tumours, and 2 of the 58 remaining patients (3.4%) had metachronous tumours. Oesophageal cancer was discovered most frequently: superficial type (n=6), advanced type (n=4). On a per-patient basis, 11 of 12 patients (91.6%) were diagnosed with synchronous tumours, and on a per-lesion basis, 12 of 15 lesions (80.0%) were detected by FDG-PET.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of FDG-PET regarding oesophageal cancer were 70%, 100%, 95.7%, 100%, and 95.2% respectively. Three of the six superficial types were positive on FDG-PET. Both of the metachronous tumour lesions were detected by FDG-PET. Conclusion: FDG-PET is useful for estimating the MPC in HPC patients. Since 3 of 10 synchronous oesophageal cancer were missed with PET alone, a combination with EGDS should be considered to exclude synchronous oesophageal cancer.
Extensive Chemical Degradation of Bleomycin during Attempted Labelling with 51-Cr
Authors: Björkman S. , Areberg J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: Labelling of the cytostatic agent bleomycin with 51-Cr and use of the product for biodistribution studies have been reported in the literature. The labelling procedure involves incubation for 40 min at 130° C. Since bleomycins are polar glycopeptides sensitive to hydrolytic cleavage we were concerned about possible degradation of the drug during these unfavourable conditions. We have therefore investigated the stability of bleomycin as a function of temperature and pH of the solution and attempted to achieve the maximum labelling efficiency with minimal degradation of the two principal bleomycin components. Methods: The chemical stability of unlabelled bleomycin was investigated under labelling conditions at 130° C and in buffer of pH 1-6 at room temperature (23° C) and 60° C. The samples were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The labelling efficiency of the 51-Cr-bleomycin complex was determined by thin layer chromatography and activity measurement with a high pure Germanium (HPGe)-detector at various incubation temperatures and times. Results: Comparisons of rates of degradation of bleomycin with labelling efficiency as functions of temperature and time showed that under no condition could satisfactory labelling (>97%) be obtained without considerable degradation of bleomycin. Conclusion: Labelling of bleomycin with 51-Cr does not yield a product suitable for investigations in patients.
Lymph Scintigraphy and Pre- and Intraoperative Gamma Prone Measurements for Localization of Sentinel Lymph Nodes (SLN) in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ostertag H. , Czech N. , zum Felde U. , Kampen W. U. , Klutmann S. , Bohuslavizki K. H. , Lüttges J. , Sprenger A. , Henze E. , Brenner W. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim of this study was to prove the clinical value of nuclear medicine procedures to detect the sentinel lymph node (SLN) for SLN biopsy. Methods: In 132 patients with breast cancer we performed lymph scintigraphy of the breast as well as both pre- and intraoperative gamma probe measurements correlating the results with the findings of histopathology. Results: SLN were detectable in 62 of 110 patients according to a sensitivity of 56% when scanning was performed only at 1-2 h p.i. while the sensitivity increased to 86% (19 of 22 pts.) if sequential images were acquired up to 2 h p.i. One or more SLN were identified by a handheld gamma probe transcutaneously prior to surgery in 96% (113 of 118 pts.) of the patients who showed up with no clinically suspected lymph node metastases. Intraoperatively, in additionally 2 patients the SLN could be found resulting in a sensitivity of 97% (115 of 118 pts.). In only 3 patients with clinically no tumor spread to axillary lymph nodes no SLN could be identified by the probe. Skip lesions, i.e. lymph node metastases in patients with tumorfree SLN, occured in 2 cases: due to SLN biopsy in these patients lymph node staging was false negative compared to conventional staging by means of axillary lymph node dissection. Conclusion: The results demonstrate a high preoperative detection rate of SLN in patients with breast cancer using lymph scintigraphy and gamma probe measurements. Thus, nuclear medicine is capable of providing the basic requirements for SLN biopsy in the daily routine.
Adrenocortical Scintigraphy with 131I-6-Beta-Iodomethyl-NorchoIesterol (NP 59) in Bilateral Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Pallarés F. J. C. , Bartual A. R. , Tenes Rodrigo Susana , Ampudia-Blasco F. J. , Ávalos C. R. de Ávila y , Hernández Gloria Ruíz 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA case of a 49-year-old man suffering from bilateral adrenocortical carcinoma with local and secondary rapid progression is reported. The results of adrenocortical scintigraphy (NP 59) and histological findings allowed the diagnosis. This case report and a literature review showed the importance of using adrenocortical scintigraphy as a complementary imaging procedure of CT or MR images.
F-18-FDG-PET der Schilddrüse bei Morbus Basedow
Authors: Voth E. , Wienhard K. , Wagner R. , Schicha H. , Börner Anne-Rose 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Diese Studie evaluiert F-18-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glukose (F-18-FDG) PET der Schilddrüse bei Patienten mit M. Basedow. Methoden: 30 Patienten wurden am Tag vor Radioiod-Therapie, 15 Patienten am 3.-1 O. Tag nach Radioiod-Therapie untersucht. 20 Patienten mit Kopf/Halstumoren und normaler Schilddrüsenfunktion dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Ergebnisse: Die F-18-FDG-Aufnahme in die Schilddrüse war signifikant höher bei Patienten mit M. Basedow im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen. Sie stieg mit höheren, antithyreoidalen Antikörpern und sank bei längerer 1-131-Halbwertzeit. Es bestand eine Korrelation einer reduzierten Gluko- se-Utilisation bei höherer absorbierter Schilddrüsendosis nach Radioiod-Therapie. Schlußfolgerung: Damit erscheint die F-18-FDG-PET- Untersuchung zur biologischen Aktivitätsbeurteilung des M. Basedow und Darstellung von frühen Strahleneffekten geeignet.
Limited Value of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET for the Differential Diagnosis of Focal Liver Lesions in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Trojan J. , Zeuzem S. , Baum R. P. , Schröder O. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: The differentiation of HCC from liver metastasis or benign disorders by imaging studies based upon morphological aspects may be difficult. Method: In order to evaluate the role of tumour metabolism, we performed FDG-PET (whole-body PET and transmission-corrected regional scans of the liver as well as the SUV determined 60 min after injection of FDG) in ten consecutive patients with HCV-associated focal liver lesions. Definite diagnosis was established after ultrasound-guided liver biopsy followed by histopathological examination. These results were compared with ultrasound, computed tomography, serum anti- p53, and p53 protein expression. Results: The histologic examination revealed a HCC in five patients, regenerative nodules in three patients, and liver metastasis (primary malignancy: one adenocarcinoma and one neuroendocrine tumour) in the remaining two patients. Three of ten lesions were detectable by FDG-PET: two HCCs and one metastatic adenocarcinoma. Seven lesions were not distinguishable by FDG-PET (three HCCs, three regeneration nodules and one metastatic neuroendocrine tumour). In each patient hepatic lesions were visible either by ultrasound or CT. Both tumours (metastatic adenocarcinoma, moderately well-differentiated HCC) with the strongest expression of p53 also presented with highly increased FDG uptake. Conclusions: FDG-PET is not superior to ultrasound or CT and therefore does not allow the non-invasive differentiation of HCV-associated focal liver lesions. Tissue-diagnosis by means of liver-biopsy followed by histopathological examination remains the gold-standard for the differentiation of HCV-related liver lesions. The finding of the relationship of p53 protein overexpression with the SUV needs further confirmation.
Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Luxation
Authors: Caporn T. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe feline temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is inherently more stable than the canine or human joint through the close congruity of the feline mandibular fossa and condyle. Rostral luxation of the feline TMJ is resisted by a relatively large bony eminence. Traumatic luxations of the feline TMJ are therefore often associated with fractures of the mandibular fossa and/or condyle (1).The anatomy of the temporomandibular joint shows variations between species. These are highlighted by comparing the human, canine and feline temporomandibular articulations.
The Blood Supply to the Canine Palmar Metacarpal Sesamoid Bones
Authors: Cake M. A. , Read R. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEleven canine forelimbs were examined using either gross dissection or a modified Spalteholz technique to investigate the blood supply of the palmar metacarpal sesamoid bones. In addition, the sesamoid bones, from two prepared skeletons, were examined for the presence of vascular foramina. Multiple vascular foramina were observed over the sesamoid surface. The most consistent elements of the arterial supply were proximal vessels supplying the axial and dorsal abaxial sides of the bone. In addition, palmar and distal sources often made contributions to the blood supply. Various minor or occasional sources were noted. This study demonstrates that the palmar metacarpal sesamoid bones of the dog have an abundant but highly variable vascular supply.The blood supply of the canine palmar metacarpal sesamoid bones was examined, using several methods, in order to evaluate the possible involvement of vascular compromise in sesamoid disease. It was found that the sesamoid bones have an abundant blood supply which is presumably resistant to disruption.
The Use of Surgical Bone Staples to Stabilise Corrective Osteotomies of the Radius in Four Dogs
Authors: Read R. A. , Yovich J. , Eger C. , Lindsay T. , Thomson M. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryOrthopaedic staples were used to stabilise corrective closing wedge osteotomies of the distal radius in four dogs with forelimb angular deformity. External coaptation was used for four to six weeks. All of the dogs had excellent limb function and cosmetic appearance of the limb. Evidence of implant failure was not observed. Surgical staples were a reliable implant for the stabilisation of radial wedge osteotomies, and particularly useful in cases where the osteotomy is distally located resulting in a short distal radial fragment.Four dogs with premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate or lateral aspect of the distal radial physis were treated by corrective radial cuneiform osteotomies which were stabilised with orthopaedic surgical staples and short term external coaptation. All of the dogs had an excellent functional and cosmetic result.
Biomarkers of bone metabolism in horses: Ante-mortem versus post-mortem correlation in serum and aqueous humour
Authors: Glickman L. T. , Glickman N. W. , Rasmussen E. S. , Carlson S. J. , Breur G. J. , McClure S. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the correlation between ante-mortem and 24-hour postmortem concentrations of four markers of bone metabolism in equine serum and aqueous humour. The markers evaluated were osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, carboxyterminal propeptide of type-1 procollagen and carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type-1 collagen (ICTP). The concentrations of these markers were poorly correlated (P > 0.05) between aqueous humour and serum. ICTP was the only serum marker significantly correlated (r = 0.93) between ante- and post-mortem samples. ICTP is, therefore, a potential marker for evaluating antemortem markers of bone metabolism in dead horses.
Localized histiocytic sarcoma in a dog: an uncommon diagnosis in forelimb lameness
Authors: Gardelle O. , Grest P. , Bernasconi C. , Bass M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe clinical, ultrasonographic, arthrographic and histopathological aspects of a localized histiocytic sarcoma in the tendon sheath of the biceps brachii muscle in a Flat-Coated Retriever are described. An eight-year-old female Flat-Coated Retriever was referred for evaluation of chronic forelimb lameness. The orthopaedic examination revealed a painful shoulder joint. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed distention of the tendon sheath of the biceps brachii muscle and the presence of multiple, hyperechoic structures in the distal portion of the sheath. The histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of a biopsy taken during surgical exploration of the shoulder joint was histiocytic sarcoma. Palliative treatment with corticosteroids was administered but the dog was euthanized at the owner’s request four months following diagnosis due to progressing lameness. Post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma without any evidence of metastases.
Carpal agenesis in a domestic short haired cat
Authors: Clarke S. P. , Carmichael S. , Gemmill T. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCarpal bone agenesis and bifurcation of the distal radial physis were diagnosed in a domestic short haired cat. Until skeletal maturity, the animal was treated conservatively, and the condition was then treated by antebrachiometacarpal arthrodesis using dorsal stacked 1.5-mm veterinary cuttable plates and a supplementary cross pin. Following the operation, the cat gained good use of the affected limb. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of carpal agenesis and its successful treatment in the veterinary literature.
Mechanical evaluation of two loop-fastening methods for stainless steel wire
Authors: Bar-Am Y. , Klement E. , Fourman V. , Shahar R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe clinical use of stainless steel wire in veterinary orthopaedics is common, and occurs in diverse situations. One of the most common uses of stainless steel wire is the fabello-tibial suture to stabilize the cranial cruciate deficient knee (10). Numerous reports have appeared in the literature, describing biomechanical aspects of the use of stainless steel wire. The purpose of the study presented herein was to compare the strength and performance of two methods used to fasten loops of stainless steel wire: the traditional twistknot method and the crimp-clamp method. Both loopfastening methods were evaluated with two diameters of wire (1.0 mm and 1.2 mm). Both static and dynamic (cyclical) testing procedures were performed. Using a materials testing machine maximum tensile strength (load to failure), loop elongation, mode of loop failure and location of loop failure were recorded. The results of the study demonstrate that loops fastened with the crimp clamp method resulted in higher load to failure than the traditional twist knot method.
Displacement of the proximal tendon of the long digital extensor muscle
Authors: Risselada M. , van Bree H. , de Rooster H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA case of bilateral displacement of the proximal tendon of the long digital extensor (LDE) muscle has been described in a 5-year-old Siberian Husky. During surgery, a prosthetic roof was created over the extensor sulcus of the proximal tibia on both legs simultaneously.
Detailed preoperative planning for fracture treatment with Ilizarov method in three dogs
Authors: Dioszegi Z. , Csebi P. , Bilgili H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to present preoperative planning with consideration of the anatomical variations of different dog breeds, gross anatomy, preoperative radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images, ring number, ring type and ring levels, rod positions and rod number for fracture treatment using the Ilizarov method in three dogs. In all cases, preoperative radiographs of affected limb and contralateral limb, intact extremity's CT views and anatomical atlases were used for preoperative frame planning. The frame is assembled preoperatively, rehearsed and then it is applied. Preoperative radiographs and clinical findings of affected limbs are beneficial for preoperative frame planning, whilst CT views are not as they do not provide any different vision of anatomical structures for all cases. Other colleagues' and our anatomical atlases, including cross-sectional views of limbs, are satisfactory for preoperative planning. In addition, functional and cosmetical results in all three cases were determined to be very good.
Management of tibial fractures with Orthofix axial external skeletal fixator in 15 dogs
Authors: Yanik K. , Gül N. Y. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn the present study, the applicability of fixator, surgical time, time to weightbearing, the healing time and complications of tibial fractures in dogs after fixation with Orthofix axial external skeletal fixator were evaluated. The study was performed on 15 cases which were presented to the Clinics of Small Animal Surgery. After the determination of the fracture type, fracture location, appropriate screw diameter and the location of the first screw on the fragment according to preoperative radiographs, the dogs were placed under general anaesthesia and the fixator was applied with cranio-medial approach to the tibia. Clinical and radiological examinations were continued until the removal of the external skeletal fixators at three different times (at approx. days 45, 60 and 75) according to the clinical and radiological fracture healing. The treatment results were determined by the Modified Hannover Veterinary Medicine Faculty Small Animal Fracture Evaluation Scale. The results were excellent in eight cases (53.3%), good in four cases (26.7%), fair in one case (6.7%) and poor in two cases (13.3%). Based on this study, the use of external skeletal fixation with Orthofix axial external skeletal fixator can be recommended for dogs with tibial fractures as long as careful pin tract management is performed. Further investigation is needed to determine the use of Orthofix axial external skeletal fixator for the management of other long bone fractures.
The Influence of the Dietary Protein Content on Growth in Giant Breed Dogs
Authors: Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Voorhout G. , Biewenga W. J. , Koeman J. P. , Goedegebuure S. A. , Klooster van t , Nap R. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFeeding immature dogs of large breeds a diet exceeding the NRC recommendations (5) for energy, protein, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D may result in disturbances of skeletal development. The effects of excess energy and various Ca:P ratios per se have been reported. The role of dietary protein, especially with regard to skeletal growth in giantbreed dogs was studied. Clinical, biochemical, radiographical, and histological parameters were studied in three groups of Great Dane pups raised on diets only differing in protein content (14.6, 23.1 and 31.6% dm respectively). Significant differences were found for body weight, plasma albumin, and plasma urea. The differences in protein intake per se had no demonstrable consequences for renal and skeletal development. A causative role for dietary protein in disturbed enchondral ossification in dogs is unlikely.Nutrition is important during growth, especially in giant breed dogs. The role of dietary protein with regard to skeletal development was studied in three groups of Great Dane pups raised on diets only differing in protein content. A causative role for dietary protein in disturbed enchondral ossification is unlikely.