bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak IgG self‐ and hetero‐association characterized by fluorescence analytical ultracentrifugation
Authors: Yang Danlin , Correia John J. , Stafford III Walter F. , Roberts Christopher J. , Singh Sanjaya , Hayes David , Kroe‐Barrett Rachel , Nixon Andrew , Laue Thomas M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWeak protein–protein interactions may be important to binding cooperativity. A panel of seven fluorescently labeled tracer monoclonal IgG antibodies, differing in variable (V) and constant (C) region sequences, were sedimented in increasing concentrations of unlabeled IgGs of identical, similar, and different backgrounds. Weak IgG::IgG attractive interactions were detected and characterized by global analysis of the hydrodynamic nonideality coefficient, ks. The effects of salt concentration and temperature on ks suggest the interactions are predominantly enthalpic in origin. The interactions were found to be variable in strength, affected by both the variable and constant regions, but indiscriminate with respect to IgG subclass. Furthermore, weak attractive interactions were observed for all the mAbs with freshly purified human poly‐IgG. The universality of the weak interactions suggest that they may contribute to effector function cooperativity in the normal immune response, and we postulate that the generality of the interactions allows for a broader range of epitope spacing for complement activation. These studies demonstrate the utility of analytical ultracentrifuge fluorescence detection in measuring weak protein–protein interactions. It also shows the strength of global analysis of sedimentation velocity data by SEDANAL to extract hydrodynamic nonideality ks to characterize weak macromolecular interactions.
Towards a data‐driven IoT software architecture for smart city utilities
Authors: Simmhan Yogesh , Ravindra Pushkara , Chaturvedi Shilpa , Hegde Malati , Ballamajalu Rashmi 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe Internet of things (IoT) is emerging as the next big wave of digital presence for billions of devices on the Internet. Smart cities are a practical manifestation of IoT, with the goal of efficient, reliable, and safe delivery of city utilities like water, power, and transport to residents, through their intelligent management. A data‐driven IoT software platform is essential for realizing manageable and sustainable smart utilities and for novel applications to be developed upon them. Here, we propose such service‐oriented software architecture to address 2 key operational activities in a smart utility: the IoT fabric for resource management and the data and application platform for decision‐making. Our design uses Open Web standards and evolving network protocols, cloud and edge resources, and streaming big data platforms. We motivate our design requirements using the smart water management domain; some of these requirements are unique to developing nations. We also validate the architecture within a campus‐scale IoT testbed at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and present our experiences. Our architecture is scalable to a township or city while also generalizable to other smart utility domains. Our experiences serve as a template for other similar efforts, particularly in emerging markets and highlight the gaps and opportunities for a data‐driven IoT software architecture for smart cities.
An analytical approach to modeling the stochastic behavior of visco‐elastic materials
Authors: Junker Philipp , Nagel Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStochastic fluctuations of material properties, i.e. the elastic constants, result in stochastic fluctuations of the material's response to mechanical loading, i.e. the stresses. In this contribution, we present an analytical approach to the time‐efficient and mathematically accurate modeling of the stochastic behavior of visco‐elastic materials. The material behavior is modeled using a viscous strain as an internal variable whose evolution is described by a differential equation. Since the stochastic material properties enter the evolution equation, a stochastic differential equation has to be treated which renders the problem rather uncomfortable. However, we present a precise investigation of the problem that yields a treatment similar to the deterministic case but resulting in the analytical estimation both of the expectation value and the variance (and standard deviation) of the stresses. A numerical comparison to Monte Carlo simulations proves the reliability of our approach.
Artefacts and Tasks in the Mathematical Preparation of Teachers of Elementary Arithmetic from a Mathematician’s Perspective: A Commentary on Chapter 9
Authors: Hodgson Bernard R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main focus of this chapter is the mathematical preparation of primary school teachers in relation to the teaching of elementary arithmetic. Comments are offered, from the perspective of a mathematician involved in the education of pre-service teachers, on the importance and variety of artefacts (often of a cultural and historical nature) that can be used to support the learning of whole number arithmetic, as well as on the role played by mathematical tasks in fostering the ‘mathematical message’ that may be conveyed through the artefacts. I will discuss concrete examples taken from an arithmetic course created by my department specifically for prospective primary school teachers, intending so doing to illustrate a crucial observation about artefacts and tasks, namely, that they form an inseparable pair in the teaching and learning of mathematics. This chapter addresses the mathematical preparation of primary school teachers. The learning of arithmetic by actual primary school pupils is not an immediate aim of the work we do with our student teachers, but we claim that many of the artefacts and tasks discussed in our arithmetic course (and in this chapter) can be transferred to pupils – but of course with a necessary adaptation to young children new at such notions.
Structuring Structural Awareness: A Commentary on Chapter 13
Authors: Mason John 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExpressing generality, by learners, is seen as the heart and soul of school mathematics. To engage successfully requires shifts of attention from recognizing structural relationships in a particular situation to perceiving properties as being instantiated. Some examples of tasks which involve learners in encountering mathematical structure are provided as an extension of Chap. 13, with observations about a learning trajectory concerning the structuring of such tasks. It is proposed that arithmetic is best seen as the study of the structural relations between numbers rather than as a process of getting answers to calculations, which is a sideline. When it becomes the focus, learners merely mimic calculators, badly. The summary from Chap. 13 provides a basis for further suggestions on important directions for further work to bring structural awareness and structural relationships into the core of mathematics teaching.
Social and Cultural Contexts in the Teaching and Learning of Whole Number Arithmetic
Authors: Bartolini Bussi Maria G. , Sun Xu Hua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter witnesses the growing importance of understanding the role of the social and cultural context in which the teaching and learning of mathematics is situated, outlining the background to the studies conducted in recent decades. The aim of this chapter is to report on the process that led the IPC to prepare a background information context form for each submitted paper, for the first time in an ICMI Study and, also, in any major international conference. A short analysis of the 66 completed context forms that were received is provided with elaboration and commentary. These data are a convenience sampling based on these submissions, rather than a representation of the population of mathematics educators as a whole. The information provides an ‘insider’ view based on the applicants’ perceptions, rather than a collection of objective data. This contextual information, however, concerns the participants attending the ICMI23 Macao Conference; hence it is important to understand the perceptions of the contributors involved in writing this volume: the data provide outlines of the pre- and primary level schooling cultures and systems within which particular kinds of findings, interventions and outcomes are achieved.
Whole Number Thinking, Learning and Development: A Commentary on Chapter 7
Authors: Nesher Pearla 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe commentary relates to two main points included in Chap. 7: (a) cardinal and ordinal numbers and (b) patterns and structure. The comments start with mentioning some philosophical approaches to the nature of natural numbers and add the psychological point of view represented by Piaget, that there is no need to differentiate between the cardinal and the ordinal senses of number. Further, the comments support the approach advocated in Chap. 7 about the merits of employing Davydov or Gattegno methods of teaching whole numbers. Several developmental studies about the origins and counting principles are described. Finally, an emphasis is put on the additive structure and the importance of teaching the operation signs as well as the meaning of the equal sign and not merely the numerical outcomes of the operations.
Distribution and stress tolerance of Fimbristylis dichotoma subsp. podocarpa (Cyperaceae) growing in highly acidic solfatara fields
Authors: Yamamoto Akihiro , Wasaki Jun , Funatsu Yuichi , Nakatsubo Takayuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSolfatara fields, areas surrounding fumaroles (volcanic vents) near the hot springs or volcanoes, are characterized by severe environmental conditions such as low soil pH and high aluminum contents. Fimbristylis dichotoma subsp. podocarpa is an endangered plant distributed in solfatara fields of Kyushu, western Japan. This species is known to form stands in sites closed to fumaroles where another solfatara plant Miscanthus sinensis do not colonize. We conducted field survey and culture experiments to test the hypothesis that F. dichotoma has higher tolerance to low pH and high aluminum conditions than M. sinensis, which corresponds to the distribution pattern of the two species. In the study site of Myoban Hot Spring, Oita Prefecture, rhizosphere soils of F. dichotoma showed lower pH and higher aluminum contents than those of M. sinensis. The culture experiment showed that germination of F. dichotoma was not inhibited even at pH 2, whereas significant decline in germination (%) was observed in M. sinensis. However, because of the low germination (%) of F. dichotoma, the values of the two species were similar at pH 2. In the pot culture, seedling growth of M. sinensis was suppressed at the aluminum concentrations tested (400 mg AlCl3 L−1). Conversely, no significant decline in the seedling growth was observed in F. dichotoma at the same aluminum levels. Considering soil conditions in the field, we concluded that that the difference in the tolerance to aluminum between the two species played a significant role in determining their distribution pattern.
Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease and laryngeal cancer
Authors: Anis Mursalin M. , Razavi Mir‐Muhammad , Xiao Xiao , Soliman Ahmed M.S. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveStudies examining the association of reflux disease with the risk of developing laryngeal cancer have both proven and disproven the null hypothesis.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study examines the association of reflux in two populations exposed to similar risk factors, including tobacco, to the extent that end‐organ malignant transformation has occurred. After IRB approval was obtained, a search of our hospital's cancer center's database was performed from 2000 to 2013. A retrospective chart review was then performed and the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients with laryngeal cancer (n = 290) was determined. It was then compared to the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease among patients presenting with lung cancer (n = 2440) during the same time period. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the association of reflux with laryngeal cancer.ResultsTaking into consideration tobacco use, there was a strong association between male gender and occurrence of laryngeal cancer as opposed to lung cancer (OR = 3.30; 95% CI 2.53–4.36, P < 0.001). There was a modest association between reflux and laryngeal cancer (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.19–2.25, P = 0.003). However, there was no association between reflux and the propensity for carcinoma in specific laryngeal subsites (P = 0.47).ConclusionsIn this study examining a heterogeneous population with end‐organ malignancy there was a modest association between reflux and laryngeal cancer. Further research is necessary to determine the biologic relevance of this finding.
Molecular basis for the folding of β-helical autotransporter passenger domains
Authors: Yuan Xiaojun , Johnson Matthew D. , Zhang Jing , Lo Alvin W. , Schembri Mark A. , Wijeyewickrema Lakshmi C. , Pike Robert N. , Huysmans Gerard H. M. , Henderson Ian R. , Leyton Denisse L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBacterial autotransporters comprise a C-terminal β-barrel domain, which must be correctly folded and inserted into the outer membrane to facilitate translocation of the N-terminal passenger domain to the cell exterior. Once at the surface, the passenger domains of most autotransporters are folded into an elongated β-helix. In a cellular context, key molecules catalyze the assembly of the autotransporter β-barrel domain. However, how the passenger domain folds into its functional form is poorly understood. Here we use mutational analysis on the autotransporter Pet to show that the β-hairpin structure of the fifth extracellular loop of the β-barrel domain has a crucial role for passenger domain folding into a β-helix. Bioinformatics and structural analyses, and mutagenesis of a homologous autotransporter, suggest that this function is conserved among autotransporter proteins with β-helical passenger domains. We propose that the autotransporter β-barrel domain is a folding vector that nucleates folding of the passenger domain.
Identification of rare sequence variation underlying heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gräf Stefan , Haimel Matthias , Bleda Marta , Hadinnapola Charaka , Southgate Laura , Li Wei , Hodgson Joshua , Liu Bin , Salmon Richard M. , Southwood Mark , Machado Rajiv D. , Martin Jennifer M. , Treacy Carmen M. , Yates Katherine , Daugherty Louise C. , Shamardina Olga , Whitehorn Deborah , Holden Simon , Aldred Micheala , Bogaard Harm J. , Church Colin , Coghlan Gerry , Condliffe Robin , Corris Paul A. , Danesino Cesare , Eyries Mélanie , Gall Henning , Ghio Stefano , Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir , Gibbs J. Simon R. , Girerd Barbara , Houweling Arjan C. , Howard Luke , Humbert Marc , Kiely David G. , Kovacs Gabor , MacKenzie Ross Robert V. , Moledina Shahin , Montani David , Newnham Michael , Olschewski Andrea , Olschewski Horst , Peacock Andrew J. , Pepke-Zaba Joanna , Prokopenko Inga , Rhodes Christopher J. , Scelsi Laura , Seeger Werner , Soubrier Florent , Stein Dan F. , Suntharalingam Jay , Swietlik Emilia M. , Toshner Mark R. , van Heel David A. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Waisfisz Quinten , Wharton John , Wort Stephen J. , Ouwehand Willem H. , Soranzo Nicole , Lawrie Allan , Upton Paul D. , Wilkins Martin R. , Trembath Richard C. , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. Deleterious variation within components of the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly the bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2), underlies most heritable forms of PAH. To identify the missing heritability we perform whole-genome sequencing in 1038 PAH index cases and 6385 PAH-negative control subjects. Case-control analyses reveal significant overrepresentation of rare variants in ATP13A3, AQP1 and SOX17, and provide independent validation of a critical role for GDF2 in PAH. We demonstrate familial segregation of mutations in SOX17 and AQP1 with PAH. Mutations in GDF2, encoding a BMPR2 ligand, lead to reduced secretion from transfected cells. In addition, we identify pathogenic mutations in the majority of previously reported PAH genes, and provide evidence for further putative genes. Taken together these findings contribute new insights into the molecular basis of PAH and indicate unexplored pathways for therapeutic intervention.
High power surface emitting terahertz laser with hybrid second- and fourth-order Bragg gratings
Authors: Jin Yuan , Gao Liang , Chen Ji , Wu Chongzhao , Reno John L. , Kumar Sushil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA surface-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) laser with second-order gratings typically excites an antisymmetric mode that has low radiative efficiency and a double-lobed far-field beam. The radiative efficiency could be increased by using curved and chirped gratings for infrared diode lasers, plasmon-assisted mode selection for mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), and graded photonic structures for terahertz QCLs. Here, we demonstrate a new hybrid grating scheme that uses a superposition of second and fourth-order Bragg gratings that excite a symmetric mode with much greater radiative efficiency. The scheme is implemented for terahertz QCLs with metallic waveguides. Peak power output of 170 mW with a slope-efficiency of 993 mW A−1 is detected with robust single-mode single-lobed emission for a 3.4 THz QCL operating at 62 K. The hybrid grating scheme is arguably simpler to implement than aforementioned DFB schemes and could be used to increase power output for surface-emitting DFB lasers at any wavelength.
Srf destabilizes cellular identity by suppressing cell-type-specific gene expression programs
Authors: Ikeda Takashi , Hikichi Takafusa , Miura Hisashi , Shibata Hirofumi , Mitsunaga Kanae , Yamada Yosuke , Woltjen Knut , Miyamoto Kei , Hiratani Ichiro , Yamada Yasuhiro , Hotta Akitsu , Yamamoto Takuya , Okita Keisuke , Masui Shinji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMulticellular organisms consist of multiple cell types. The identity of these cells is primarily maintained by cell-type-specific gene expression programs; however, mechanisms that suppress these programs are poorly defined. Here we show that serum response factor (Srf), a transcription factor that is activated by various extracellular stimuli, can repress cell-type-specific genes and promote cellular reprogramming to pluripotency. Manipulations that decrease β-actin monomer quantity result in the nuclear accumulation of Mkl1 and the activation of Srf, which downregulate cell-type-specific genes and alter the epigenetics of regulatory regions and chromatin organization. Mice overexpressing Srf exhibit various pathologies including an ulcerative colitis-like symptom and a metaplasia-like phenotype in the pancreas. Our results demonstrate an unexpected function of Srf via a mechanism by which extracellular stimuli actively destabilize cell identity and suggest Srf involvement in a wide range of diseases.
Conditional privatization of a public siderophore enables Pseudomonas aeruginosa to resist cheater invasion
Authors: Jin Zhenyu , Li Jiahong , Ni Lei , Zhang Rongrong , Xia Aiguo , Jin Fan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that promote cooperative behaviors of bacteria in their hosts is of great significance to clinical therapies. Environmental stress is generally believed to increase competition and reduce cooperation in bacteria. Here, we show that bacterial cooperation can in fact be maintained because of environmental stress. We show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates the secretion of iron-scavenging siderophores in the presence of different environmental stresses, reserving this public good for private use in protection against reactive oxygen species when under stress. We term this strategy “conditional privatization”. Using a combination of experimental evolution and theoretical modeling, we demonstrate that in the presence of environmental stress the conditional privatization strategy is resistant to invasion by non-producing cheaters. These findings show how the regulation of public goods secretion under stress affects the evolutionary stability of cooperation in a pathogenic population, which may assist in the rational development of novel therapies.
Gene expression links functional networks across cortex and striatum
Authors: Anderson Kevin M. , Krienen Fenna M. , Choi Eun Young , Reinen Jenna M. , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Holmes Avram J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe human brain is comprised of a complex web of functional networks that link anatomically distinct regions. However, the biological mechanisms supporting network organization remain elusive, particularly across cortical and subcortical territories with vastly divergent cellular and molecular properties. Here, using human and primate brain transcriptional atlases, we demonstrate that spatial patterns of gene expression show strong correspondence with limbic and somato/motor cortico-striatal functional networks. Network-associated expression is consistent across independent human datasets and evolutionarily conserved in non-human primates. Genes preferentially expressed within the limbic network (encompassing nucleus accumbens, orbital/ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and temporal pole) relate to risk for psychiatric illness, chloride channel complexes, and markers of somatostatin neurons. Somato/motor associated genes are enriched for oligodendrocytes and markers of parvalbumin neurons. These analyses indicate that parallel cortico-striatal processing channels possess dissociable genetic signatures that recapitulate distributed functional networks, and nominate molecular mechanisms supporting cortico-striatal circuitry in health and disease.
Deterministic realization of collective measurements via photonic quantum walks
Authors: Hou Zhibo , Tang Jun-Feng , Shang Jiangwei , Zhu Huangjun , Li Jian , Yuan Yuan , Wu Kang-Da , Xiang Guo-Yong , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCollective measurements on identically prepared quantum systems can extract more information than local measurements, thereby enhancing information-processing efficiency. Although this nonclassical phenomenon has been known for two decades, it has remained a challenging task to demonstrate the advantage of collective measurements in experiments. Here, we introduce a general recipe for performing deterministic collective measurements on two identically prepared qubits based on quantum walks. Using photonic quantum walks, we realize experimentally an optimized collective measurement with fidelity 0.9946 without post selection. As an application, we achieve the highest tomographic efficiency in qubit state tomography to date. Our work offers an effective recipe for beating the precision limit of local measurements in quantum state tomography and metrology. In addition, our study opens an avenue for harvesting the power of collective measurements in quantum information-processing and for exploring the intriguing physics behind this power.