bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors
Authors: Nowak Marian , Jesionek Marcin , Solecka Barbara , Szperlich Piotr , Duka Piotr , Starczewska Anna 
Published: October 2018

Background: Applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials in electronic devices require the development of appropriate measuring methods for determining their typical semiconductor parameters, i.e., mobility and carrier lifetime. Among these methods, contactless techniques and mobility extraction methods based on field-effect measurements are of great importance.Results: Here we show a contactless method for determining these parameters in 2D semiconductors that is based on the photomagnetoelectric (PME) effect (also known as the photoelectromagnetic effect). We present calculated dependences of the PME magnetic moment, evoked in 2D Corbino configuration, on the magnetic field as well as on the intensity and spatial distribution of illumination. The theoretical predictions agree with the results of the contactless investigations performed on non-suspended single-layer graphene. We use the contactless PME method for determining the dependence of carrier mobility on the concentration of electrons and holes induced by a back-gate voltage.Conclusion: The presented contactless PME method, used in Corbino geometry, is complementary to the mobility extraction methods based on field-effect measurements. It can be used for determining the mobility and diffusion length of carriers in different 2D materials.
Mass–Richness Relations for X-Ray and SZE-selected Clusters at 0.4 < z < 2.0 as Seen by Spitzer at 4.5 μm
Authors: Rettura A. , Chary R. , Krick J. , Ettori S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We study the mass–richness relation of 116 spectroscopically confirmed massive clusters at 0.4 < z < 2 by mining the Spitzer archive. We homogeneously measure the richness at 4.5 μm for our cluster sample within a fixed aperture of 2′ radius and above a fixed brightness threshold, making appropriate corrections for both background galaxies and foreground stars. We have two subsamples, those which have (a) literature X-ray luminosities and (b) literature Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect masses. For the X-ray subsample we re-derive masses adopting the most recent calibrations. We then calibrate an empirical mass–richness relation for the combined sample spanning more than one decade in cluster mass and find the associated uncertainties in mass at fixed richness to be ±0.25 dex. We study the dependence of the scatter of this relation with galaxy concentration, defined as the ratio between richness measured within an aperture radius of 1 and 2 arcmin. We find that at fixed aperture radius the scatter increases for clusters with higher concentrations. We study the dependence of our richness estimates with depth of the 4.5 μm imaging data and find that reaching a depth of at least [4.5] = 21 AB mag is sufficient to derive reasonable mass estimates. We discuss the possible extension of our method to the mid-infrared WISE All Sky Survey data and the application of our results to the Euclid mission. This technique makes richness-based cluster mass estimates available for large samples of clusters at very low observational cost.
Hydrohalite Salt-albedo Feedback Could Cool M-dwarf Planets
Authors: Shields Aomawa L. , Carns Regina C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A possible surface type that may form in the environments of M-dwarf planets is sodium chloride dihydrate, or “hydrohalite” (NaCl · 2H2O), which can precipitate in bare sea ice at low temperatures. Unlike salt-free water ice, hydrohalite is highly reflective in the near-infrared, where M-dwarf stars emit strongly, making the effect of the interaction between hydrohalite and the M-dwarf spectral energy distribution necessary to quantify. We carried out the first exploration of the climatic effect of hydrohalite-induced salt-albedo feedback on extrasolar planets, using a three-dimensional global climate model. Under fixed CO2 conditions, rapidly rotating habitable-zone M-dwarf planets receiving 65% or less of the modern solar constant from their host stars exhibit cooler temperatures when an albedo parameterization for hydrohalite is included in climate simulations, compared to simulations without such a parameterization. Differences in global mean surface temperature with and without this parameterization increase as the instellation is lowered, which may increase CO2 build-up requirements for habitable conditions on planets with active carbon cycles. Synchronously rotating habitable-zone M-dwarf planets appear susceptible to salt-albedo feedback at higher levels of instellation (90% or less of the modern solar constant) than planets with Earth-like rotation periods, due to their cooler minimum dayside temperatures. These instellation levels where hydrohalite seems most relevant correspond to several recently discovered potentially habitable M-dwarf planets, including Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1e, and LHS 1140b, making an albedo parameterization for hydrohalite of immediate importance in future climate simulations.
Magnetic Shielding of Soft Protons in Future X-Ray Telescopes: The Case of the ATHENA Wide Field Imager
Authors: Fioretti Valentina , Bulgarelli Andrea , Molendi Silvano , Lotti Simone , Macculi Claudio , Barbera Marco , Mineo Teresa , Piro Luigi , Cappi Massimo , Dadina Mauro , Meidinger Norbert , von Kienlin Andreas , Rau Arne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Both interplanetary space and Earth’s magnetosphere are populated by low-energy (≤300 keV) protons that are potentially able to scatter on the reflecting surface of the Wolter-I optics of X-ray focusing telescopes and reach the focal plane. This phenomenon, depending on the X-ray instrumentation, can dramatically increase the background level, reducing the sensitivity or, in the most extreme cases, compromising the observation itself. The use of a magnetic diverter, deflecting protons away from the field of view, requires a detailed characterization of their angular and energy distribution when exiting the mirror. We present the first end-to-end Geant4 simulation of proton scattering by X-ray optics and the consequent interaction with the diverter field and the X-ray detector assembly, selecting the ATHENA Wide Field Imager as a case study for the evaluation of the residual, soft-proton-induced background. We find that in the absence of a magnetic diverter, protons are indeed funneled toward the focal plane, with a focused non-X-ray background well above the level required by ATHENA science objectives (5 × 10−4 counts cm−2 s−1 keV−1), for all the plasma regimes encountered in both L1 and L2 orbits. These results set the proton diverter as a mandatory shielding system on board the ATHENA mission and all high throughput X-ray telescopes operating in the interplanetary space. For a magnetic field computed to deflect 99% of the protons that would otherwise reach the WFI, Geant4 simulations show that this configuration, in the assumption of a uniform field, would efficiently shield the focal plane, yielding a residual background level of the order or below the requirement.
Binary Companions of Evolved Stars in APOGEE DR14: Orbital Circularization
Authors: Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Goodman Jeremy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Short-period binary star systems dissipate orbital energy through tidal interactions that lead to tighter, more circular orbits. Using a sample of binaries with subgiant, giant, and red clump star members that is nearly an order of magnitude larger than that of Verbunt & Phinney, we reexamine predictions for tidal circularization of binary stars with evolved members. We confirm that binary star systems in our sample predicted to have circular orbits (using equilibrium tide theory) generally have negligible measured eccentricities. At a fixed stellar mass, the transition period is correlated with the surface gravity (i.e., size) of the evolved member, indicating that the circularization timescale must be shorter than the evolutionary timescale along the giant branch. A few exceptions to the conclusions above are mentioned in the discussion. Some of these exceptions are likely systems in which the spectrum of the secondary biases the radial velocity measurements, but four appear to be genuine, short-period, moderate-eccentricity systems.
Photochemical Oxygen in Non-1-bar CO2 Atmospheres of Terrestrial Exoplanets
Authors: James Tre’Shunda , Hu Renyu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Atmospheric chemistry models have shown that molecular oxygen can build up in CO2-dominated atmospheres on potentially habitable exoplanets without input of life. Existing models typically assume a surface pressure of 1 bar. Here we present model scenarios of CO2-dominated atmospheres with the surface pressure ranging from 0.1 to 10 bars, while keeping the surface temperature at 288 K. We use a one-dimensional photochemistry model to calculate the abundance of O2 and other key species, for outgassing rates ranging from a Venus-like volcanic activity up to 20 times Earth-like activity. The model maintains the redox balance of the atmosphere and the ocean, and includes the pressure dependency of outgassing on the surface pressure. Our calculations show that the surface pressure is a controlling parameter in the photochemical stability and oxygen buildup of CO2-dominated atmospheres. The mixing ratio of O2 monotonically decreases as the surface pressure increases at very high outgassing rates, whereas it increases as the surface pressure increases at lower-than-Earth outgassing rates. Abiotic O2 can only build up to the detectable level, defined as 10−3 in volume mixing ratio, in 10-bar atmospheres with the Venus-like volcanic activity rate and the reduced outgassing rate of H2 due to the high surface pressure. Our results support the search for biological activities and habitability via atmospheric O2 on terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars.
Mapping Lyman Continuum Escape in Tololo 1247–232
Authors: Micheva Genoveva , Oey M. S. , Keenan Ryan P. , Jaskot Anne E. , James Bethan L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Low-redshift, spatially resolved Lyman continuum (LyC) emitters allow us to clarify the processes for LyC escape from these starburst galaxies. We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFC3 and ACS imaging of the confirmed low-redshift LyC emitter Tol 1247−232 to study the ionization structure of the gas and its relation to the ionizing star clusters. We perform ionization parameter mapping (IPM) using [O iii] λλ4959, 5007 and [O ii] λ3727 imaging as the high- and low-ionization tracers, revealing broad, large-scale, optically thin regions originating from the center and reaching the outskirts of the galaxy, consistent with LyC escape. We carry out stellar population synthesis modeling of the 26 brightest clusters using our HST photometry. Combining these data with the nebular photometry, we find a global LyC escape fraction of f
esc = 0.12, with uncertainties also consistent with zero escape and all measured f
esc values for this galaxy. Our analysis suggests that, similar to other candidate LyC emitters, a two-stage starburst has taken place in this galaxy, with a 12 Myr old, massive central cluster likely having precleared regions in and around the center and the second generation of 2–4 Myr old clusters dominating the current ionization, including some escape from the galaxy.
Evidence for the First Extragalactic Hydrogen Recombination Line Maser in NGC 253
Authors: Báez-Rubio Alejandro , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Rico-Villas Fernando , Jiménez-Serra Izaskun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We present the first evidence for extragalactic hydrogen recombination line maser emission in the H26α transition toward the inner 13.5 pc nuclear region of the starburst galaxy NGC 253 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data. In regions with complex continuum emission (dust, free–free, and synchrotron) we propose to use the recombination line spectral index, α
L (

), between the H30α and the H26α lines to study the structure of ultra-compact H ii regions and to identify maser emission (α
L > 2.1) from ionized winds. The measured values of α
L ranged from 1.0 to 2.9. The largest α
L can only be explained by maser emission. The measured flux density in the H26α maser in NGC 253 suggests that we are observing hundreds of stars like MWC349A, a prototypical stellar wind where maser emission arises from its circumstellar disk. We briefly discuss the implication of the detection of maser emission in starburst galaxies like NGC 253.
Effect of different level of rosemary leave powder in diet on blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and broiler performance
Authors: Roudgar Amoli Mojtaba , Khorshdidi Kaveh Jafari , Jafari Mohammad 
Published: October 2018

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rosemary powder in diet on blood metabolite and performance of broiler chickens. 180 one day broiler chicks were distributed in a completely randomize design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates and 15 bird in each. Experimental treatments were included: Control (without additive), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 percent of rosemary in diet. In 42 day of age one bird from each replicate was selected and slaughtering for carcass traits. The results were sowed use of 0.05 percent of rosemary could be significantly increased feed intake of broiler in starter period (p<0.05). Also use of 0.1 percent of rosemary caused to significantly increase broiler body weight gain in overall of rearing period than 0.2 percent group (p<0.05). Use of 0.1 percent rosemary in diet had a significantly feed conversion ratio (FCR) than T4 (0.2% rosemary). Experimental treatments had no significant effect on carcass traits, except in liver percent weight, which had significantly higher in T2 group (p<0.05). Also experimental treatments had no significant effect on glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride level of broiler chickens in 42 day of age. The results of this experiment showed use of rosemary powder could be improved broiler feed intake in starter period.
Graphical Product Quality and Muscle Activity in Children With Mild Disabilities Drawing on a Horizontally or Vertically Oriented Tablet
Authors: Portnoy Sigal , Mimouni-Bloch Aviva , Rosenberg Limor , Offek Hagar , Berman Tamar , Kochavi Michal , Orman Gal , Friedman Jason 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We compared performance level and muscle activity patterns during shape copying and tracing in two positions, while sitting at a desk and while standing in front of a wall, between typically developing (TD) preschool children and children with mild disabilities (MD).
METHOD. Twenty-two TD children (8 boys, 14 girls; mean [M] age = 5.2 yr, standard deviation [SD] = 0.1) and 13 children with MD (9 boys, 4 girls; M age = 4.9 yr, SD = 0.5) participated in this study.
RESULTS. The children performed faster and smoother movements when copying shapes on the vertical surface, with no reduction of accuracy, than on the horizontal surface. Children with MD exerted their upper trapezius while performing the short tasks on the vertical surface compared with their muscle activity on the horizontal surface.
CONCLUSION. Incorporating short copying or drawing tasks on a vertical surface may increase the control of proximal muscles and ease graphomotor performance in children with MD.
State of the Journal, 2018
Authors: Richards Lorie Gage 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) continues to be the most highly ranked occupational therapy journal as measured by its Journal Citation Reports impact factor (its 5-yr impact factor is now 3.325). AJOT’s goal is to remain occupational therapy’s leading research journal with disciplinary and interdisciplinary impact. AJOT instituted measures starting in January 2018 to address increasing concerns about research reproducibility and study reporting methods. Starting in 2019, AJOT will be distributed online only and will offer an annual “Best of” print compendium to AOTA members.
Computed tomography urography with iterative reconstruction algorithm in congenital urinary tract abnormalities in children – association of radiation dose with image quality
Authors: Bombiński Przemysław , Brzewski Michał , Warchoł Stanisław , Biejat Agnieszka , Banasiuk Marcin , Gołębiowski Marek 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo assess the extent to which a radiation dose can be lowered without compromising image quality and diagnostic confidence in congenital urinary tract abnormalities in children by using a CT scanner with an iterative reconstruction algorithm.Material and methods120 CT urography image series were analysed retrospectively. Image series were divided into four study groups depending on effective radiation dose (group 1: 0.8-2 mSv; group 2: 2-4 mSv; group 3: 4-6 mSv; group 4: 6-11 mSv). Objective and subjective image quality were investigated. In objective analysis, measurements of attenuation and standard deviation (SD) in five regions of interest (ROIs) were performed in 109 excretory image series, and image noise was evaluated. In subjective analysis, two independent radiologists evaluated 138 kidney units for subjective image quality and diagnostic confidence.ResultsThere were no significant differences in image noise in objective evaluation between the following study groups: 2 vs. 3 and 3 vs. 4 in all ROIs (with the only exception in spleen SD measurement between study groups 2 vs. 3), while there was significantly more image noise in group 2 in comparison to group 4. For all other ROIs in all study groups, there was more image noise on lower dose images. There were no significant differences in pairwise comparisons between study groups in subjective image quality. Diagnostic confidence was not significantly different between all study groups.ConclusionsLow-dose CT urography can be a valuable method in congenital urinary tract abnormalities in children. Despite poorer image quality, diagnostic confidence is not significantly compromised in examinations performed with lower radiation doses.
Branchial cleft cysts: a pictorial review
Authors: Bagchi Antara , Hira Priya , Mittal Kartik , Priyamvara Aditi , Dey Amit K. 
Published: October 2018

Cystic masses of the neck may represent a wide variety of pathological conditions. Among these, branchial anoma­lies are the commonest paediatric congenital lesions of the head and neck. This article intends to review this condition under the same headings, as well as facilitate their diagnosis with the help of appropriate radiological findings of patients diagnosed with these anomalies. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, it is imperative to have an idea about the possible differentials, and the normal embryological development of the branchial arches, as well as their anomalies, in the form of sinuses, fistulae, and cysts, with their features and subtypes. The medical history of the patient and clinical manifestations helps in suspecting branchial cleft cysts; confirmatory imaging modalities include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and fine-needle aspiration. The mainstay of management is usually by surgical excision. The location, clinical picture, and radiological correlation, along with a strong degree of suspicion for the condition, facilitates the diagnosis of this relatively common embryological anomaly.
Evaluating the role of strain ratio elastography in determining malignancy potential and calculating objective BIRADS US scores using ultrasonography and elastography features
Authors: Özel Deniz , Özel Betül Duran 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe aims of this study were, firstly, to evaluate solid breast masses based on their malignancy potential and to determine whether the strain elastography ratio (SER) can contribute to classical grey-scale ultrasonography findings, and secondly, to define objective BIRADS US scores using ultrasound (US) and SER findings.Material and methodsA total of 280 patients and 297 solid breast masses were evaluated using sonographic and elastographic data. The SER was measured for each lesion.ResultsThe positive predictive values (PPV) for each criterion was calculated to be between 35% and 83.3%. The lowest PPV was obtained from hypoechogenicity (35%) and the highest PPV was obtained for anti-parallel features (83.3%). The difference between the mean SER of benign and malignant lesions was statistically significant. After ROC analysis, the SER cut-off value was calculated to be 3.1 for determining if the mass was benign or malignant. Mass scores were calculated for each solid breast mass based on positive predictive values, and BIRADS US score was defined as the sum of mass scores.ConclusionsSER findings can be used as malignancy criteria in evaluating solid breast masses. BIRADS US score can be objectively determined based on US and elastography features instead of doing subjective scoring. As an additional result, all solid breast masses have the possibility to be malignant, even though US and elastography findings indicate the opposite.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of submucosal thickness in oral submucous fibrosis patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dupare Aditya , Dhole Apeksha 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the role of ultrasonography in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.Material and methodsA total of 150 subjects were divided equally into six groups (Group I: 25 healthy subjects; Group II: 25 healthy subjects with habit; Group III: 25 OSMF stage I; Group IV: 25 OSMF stage II; Group V: 25 OSMF stage III; and Group VI: 25 stage OSMF IVA). The grading of OSMF were done according the clinical classification given by Khanna and Andrade (2005). After fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria each subject underwent extra­oral ultrasonographic evaluation of submucosal thickness and vascularity in terms of peak systolic velocity (PSV), bilaterally on buccal and labial mucosa. Furthermore, statistical comparison of each group was done, and sensitivity and specificity of USG measurements was obtained in comparison with clinical diagnosis. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS ver. 20.0.ResultsA statistically significant increase in mean submucosal thickness was shown, and a decrease in PSV with the advancement of severity of the OSMF. In ultrasonographic diagnosis of OSMF, the reported submucosal thickness had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy was 80%, 100%, 100%, 71.4%, and 87%, respectively, but PSV failed to classify the lesion.ConclusionsBecause the severity of the disease showed a direct relationship with submucosal thickness and an inverse relationship with PSV, habit-induced mucosal alteration in submucosal thickness can be seen on USG, which cannot be appreciated on clinical examination. Hence, USG can be a promising tool for early diagnosis, assessment of the severity, and evaluation of prognosis of OSMF.
Process FMEA in a University Hospital: management of Occupational Risks in Boilers
Authors: Lucas de Oliveira Marcos , De Vasconcellos Favarin Eleusa , Ruppenthal Janis Elisa 
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to identify the risks present in the flame tube boilers of one University Hospital using process FMEA tool. It was used an exploratory methodology of nominal qualitative type. On this basis, we proceeded with bibliographic analysis, methodologies, references, on-site visits, and studies of investments made in steam generators. We obtained as a result a dossier with information relevant to the identification of procedures that have higher incidence of risk in flame tube boilers.