bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ko Young San , Pyo Jung-Soo 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Methods: The immunohistochemistry of CD3 and CD8 was performed on 265 human colorectal cancer tissues to investigate the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes using Immunoscore. The correlation between Immunoscore and clinicopathological characteristics, including survival rates, was elucidated. In addition, the impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. Results: Of the 265 colorectal cancer tissues, 40.8% had high Immunoscore, while 59.2% had low Immunoscore. A high Immunoscore was significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors, including lower rates of vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion; lymph node metastasis; and distant metastasis. PD-L1 expressions of tumor and immune cells were significantly higher in patients with high Immunoscore than in those with low Immunoscore. In addition, colorectal cancer tissues with high CD8-positive lymphocytes showed higher PD-L1 expressions of tumor and immune cells than colorectal cancer tissues with low CD8-positive lymphocytes. There was a significant correlation between high Immunoscore and better overall survival. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate according to PD-L1 expressions of tumor and immune cells in high and low Immunoscore subgroups. Conclusions: Taken together, our results showed that high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors and better survival. In addition, there was a significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios predict high grade and advanced stage renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Çalışkan Selahattin 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney, which accounts 85% of all renal tumors. In recent years, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma was increased due to the widespread use of imaging techniques. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios in patients with renal cell carcinomas. Methods: The patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal tumor between 2010 and 2018 in two centers were reviewed retrospectively. The age, sex, complete blood test, and pathological results were recorded. The patients who were diagnosed with other carcinomas, benign renal tumors, and missing data of age, complete blood test, and pathological results, were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups according to the T stage and Fuhrman grade, T1-2 and T3-4, G1-2 and G3-4. Results: There were 271 patients in the current study. The male to female ratio was 1.97 and the mean age of the patients was 59.37±11.62 years. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was the most common subtype in 72.7% of the patients. Both the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in patients with high-grade and advanced-stage disease than in the others. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed no significant difference between platelet to lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to diagnose the high grade and stage of renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to lymphocyte ratios are easily accessible biomarkers which are used for the prognosis of malignancy. The current study found that these biomarkers may predict the pathological results during the preoperative period.
Surfing-related renal trauma
Authors: Mansbridge Margaret M , Ryan James , Hill David C , Wullschleger Martin 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and mechanisms of surfing-related renal trauma in a coastal town, which have not previously been published in the literature. Subjects/patients and methods: A 3 year retrospective review was completed of all renal trauma patients presenting to the Gold Coast Health Service. Results: Five injuries were identified and their mechanisms described, with three directly related to surfboard riding, one secondary to paddle boarding and one secondary to windsurfing. Surfing-related injuries accounted for 6% of the total renal trauma injuries in the study period. Injuries ranged from American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade I–IV and were all managed non-operatively. One case was complicated by a urinoma, which resolved on interval follow-up imaging. All injuries were in males, and left-sided. Conclusion: Surfing-related activities have the potential to cause high-grade renal injuries. Diagnosis of renal trauma secondary to surfing-related activities requires a high index of clinical suspicion. Level of evidence: Level IV Evidence
Management of Fragility Hip Fractures: Our Institutional Experience
Authors: Lee Glenn E. , Muffly Scott , Golladay Gregory J. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Approximately 320 000 fragility hip fractures are sustained in the United States annually, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality as well as significant economic burden on the health-care system. Nevertheless, a majority of these patients are not screened and do not receive treatment for osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate rates of osteoporosis screening and treatment in our institution and compare them to those reported in the literature. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 191 patients ages 50 and older who sustained osteoporotic hip fractures. Primary outcome measures were percentage of patients who (1) underwent bone health laboratory workup during admission, (2) were started on vitamin D, calcium, and/or a bisphosphonate, (3) received bone mineral density testing, and (4) followed up with a primary care doctor or endocrinologist. Secondary outcomes measures were (1) whether gender, race, or age influenced our primary outcomes and (2) whether obtaining in-hospital laboratory workup led to increased rates of further screening and treatment. Results: Fifty-six (29.3%) patients received full laboratory workup, 48 (25.1%) were prescribed vitamin D and calcium, 11 (5.7%) were prescribed a bisphosphonate, 13 (6.8%) underwent bone mineral density testing, and 41 (21.5%) followed up with primary care or endocrinology. Discussion: Women were more likely to be treated with vitamin D and calcium. Outcomes were similar regardless of race. Younger patients were more likely to undergo laboratory testing, bisphosphonate therapy, and bone mineral density testing. Initiating workup during admission did not lead to increased rates of outpatient treatment. Conclusion: Despite nationwide efforts to improve, rates of osteoporosis screening and treatment following hip fracture are suboptimal. Rates at our institution are similar to those reported in previous studies. There were disparities between gender and age groups. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether more recently implemented policies lead to better osteoporosis screening and management.
Patient Communication of Chronic Pain in the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapeutic Relationship
Authors: Agarwal Vinita 
Published: March 2019

Background: Patient descriptions of pain shape the pain experience, yet there is insufficient understanding of how patient communication can help providers lessen pain’s psychological and physical impact. Objective: To examine how individuals communicate their pain experience in the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) provider-patient relationship. Method: Qualitative thematic framing examining semistructured interviews of a purposive and snowball sample of CAM patients (N = 13; 850 double-spaced pages) recruited from the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Results: Complementary and alternative medicine patients communicate the pain experience through an awareness of their interdependence with: (a) relational spaces as attention to the self, the healing practices, and the provider; (b) physical spaces as openness to surroundings and the spatiality and temporality of self; and (c) physiological spaces as breathing and neurological and immune system functioning. Conclusion: A therapeutic relationship cultivating interdependence through awareness of relational, physical, and physiological spaces supports patients’ ability to open up to, know, and accept their body. The CAM provider’s work connects their practice with patient awareness of control over their environment, relationships, and physiology to redefine their pain experience.
Treating Patients As People: What Do Hospital Patients Want Clinicians to Know About Them As a Person?
Authors: Zimmerman Donald L , Min Dong-Jun , Davis-Collins Angela , DeBlieux Peter 
Published: March 2019

Background: There is little understanding or focus on the patient’s personal communicative perspective during their experience of clinical treatment. An exploratory study and a follow-up study were conducted at a large safety net hospital to determine whether and what patients wanted clinicians to know more about them as a person. Study Design: A convenience sample of 230 patients was selected from 9 different clinical units within the hospital for exploratory interviews to determine whether patients wanted their clinical team to know about them as a person. Based on these findings, additional personal preference data of patients were collected from a census sample of 387 patients selected from 2 intensive care unit units and 2 medical–surgical units. Findings: The majority of patients in the exploratory study reported they wanted to tell their doctors/nurses some personal information about themselves, thought doctors/nurses could provide better care to them if they knew more about them as a person, and that communication between themselves and their doctors/nurses would improve if they knew more about them as a person. The follow-up study found that a majority of patients preferred that their clinicians call them by their first name and identified specific personal information they wanted to share with the clinical care team. The data also showed a meaningful number of patients who did not want to share this information with others. This split in patient preferences is an important reminder that being aware of personal preferences of patients does not necessarily mean an invitation to increase intimacy in all clinician–patient communications.
Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with aetiology and predict outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia: results of a 5-year follow-up cohort study
Authors: Siljan William W. , Holter Jan C. , Michelsen Annika E. , Nymo Ståle H. , Lauritzen Trine , Oppen Kjersti , Husebye Einar , Ueland Thor , Mollnes Tom E. , Aukrust Pål , Heggelund Lars 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBiomarkers may facilitate clinical decisions in order to guide antimicrobial treatment and prediction of prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We measured serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT) and calprotectin levels, and plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and presepsin levels, along with whole-blood white cell counts, at three time-points, and examined their association with microbial aetiology and adverse clinical outcomes in CAP.MethodsBlood samples were obtained at hospital admission, clinical stabilisation and 6-week follow-up from 267 hospitalised adults with CAP. Adverse short-term outcome was defined as intensive care unit admission and 30-day mortality. Long-term outcome was evaluated as 5-year all-cause mortality.ResultsPeak levels of all biomarkers were seen at hospital admission. Increased admission levels of C-reactive protein, PCT and calprotectin were associated with bacterial aetiology of CAP, while increased admission levels of PCT, PTX3 and presepsin were associated with adverse short-term outcome. In univariate and multivariate regression models, white blood cells and calprotectin at 6-week follow-up were predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality.ConclusionsCalprotectin emerges as both a potential early marker of bacterial aetiology and a predictor for 5-year all-cause mortality in CAP, whereas PCT, PTX3 and presepsin may predict short-term outcome.
Impact of post-procedural glycemic variability on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a post hoc cohort analysis
Authors: Besch Guillaume , Pili-Floury Sebastien , Morel Caroline , Gilard Martine , Flicoteaux Guillaume , Salomon du Mont Lucie , Perrotti Andrea , Meneveau Nicolas , Chocron Sidney , Schiele Francois , Le Breton Herve , Samain Emmanuel , Chopard Romain 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Glycemic variability is associated with worse outcomes after cardiac surgery, but the prognosis value of early glycemic variability after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is not known. This study was therefore designed to analyze the prognosis significance of post-procedural glycemic variability within 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Methods
A post hoc analysis of patients from our center included in the FRANCE and FRANCE-2 registries was conducted. Post-procedural glycemic variability was assessed by calculating the mean daily δ blood glucose during the first 2 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Major complications within 30 days were death, stroke, myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

Results
We analyzed 160 patients (age (median [interquartile] = 84 [80–88] years; diabetes mellitus (n) = 41 (26%) patients; logistic Euroscore = 20 [12–32]). The median value of mean daily δ blood glucose was 4.3 mmol l−1. The rate of major complications within 30 days after procedure among patients with the lowest quartile of glycemic variability was 12%, increasing from 12 to 26%, and 39% in the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively. In multivariate analysis, glycemic variability was independently associated with an increased risk of major complications within 30 days after the procedure (odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.83 [1.19–2.83]; p = 0.006).

Conclusions
This study showed that post-procedural glycemic variability was associated with an increased risk of major complications within 30 days after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Trial registration Clinical trial registration number https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/; identifier: NCT02726958; date: April 4th, 2016
Asymptomatic coronary artery disease in a Norwegian cohort with type 2 diabetes: a prospective angiographic study with intravascular ultrasound evaluation
Authors: Arora Satish , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Ulimoen Geir R. , Birkeland Kåre I. , Endresen Knut , Gullestad Lars , Johansen Odd Erik 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Aims
The prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. We investigated the extent and prevalence of asymptomatic CAD in T2D patients by utilizing invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and whether CAD progression, evaluated by ICA, could be modulated with a multi-intervention to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk.

Methods
Fifty-six T2D patients with ≥ 1 additional CV risk factor participated in a 2 year randomized controlled study comparing hospital-based multi-intervention (multi, n = 30) versus standard care (stand, n = 26), with a pre-planned follow-up at year seven. They underwent ICA at baseline and both ICA and IVUS at year seven. ICA was described by conventional CAD severity and extent scores. IVUS was described by maximal intimal thickness (MIT), percent and total atheroma volume and compared with individuals without T2D and CAD (heart transplant donors who had IVUS performed 7–11 weeks post-transplant, n = 147).

Results
Despite CV risk reduction in multi after 2 years intervention, there was no between-group difference in the progression of CAD at year seven. Overall, the prevalence of CAD defined by MIT ≥ 0.5 mm in the T2DM subjects was 84%, and as compared to the non-T2DM controls there was a significantly higher atheroma burden (mean MIT, PAV and TAV in the T2D population were 0.75 ± 0.27 mm, 33.8 ± 9.8% and 277.0 ± 137.3 mm3 as compared to 0.41 ± 0.19 mm, 17.8 ± 7.3% and 134.9 ± 100.6 mm3 in the reference population).

Conclusion
We demonstrated that a 2 year multi-intervention, despite improvement in CV risk factors, did not influence angiographic progression of CAD. Further, IVUS revealed that the prevalence of asymptomatic CAD in T2D patients is high, suggesting a need for a broader residual CV risk management using alternative approaches.
Trial registration Clinical trials.gov id: NCT00133718 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00133718)
CD55 upregulation in astrocytes by statins as potential therapy for AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Tradtrantip Lukmanee , Duan Tianjiao , Yeaman Michael R. , Verkman Alan S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (herein called NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that can be initiated by binding of immunoglobulin G autoantibodies (AQP4-IgG) to aquaporin-4 on astrocytes, causing complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and downstream inflammation. The increased NMO pathology in rodents deficient in complement regulator protein CD59 following passive transfer of AQP4-IgG has suggested the potential therapeutic utility of increasing the expression of complement regulator proteins.

Methods
A cell-based ELISA was developed to screen for pharmacological upregulators of endogenous CD55 and CD59 in a human astrocyte cell line. A statin identified from the screen was characterized in cell culture models and rodents for its action on complement regulator protein expression and its efficacy in models of seropositive NMO.

Results
Screening of ~ 11,500 approved and investigational drugs and nutraceuticals identified transcriptional upregulators of CD55 but not of CD59. Several statins, including atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin, increased CD55 protein expression in astrocytes, including primary cultures, by three- to four-fold at 24 h, conferring significant protection against AQP4-IgG-induced CDC. Mechanistic studies revealed that CD55 upregulation involves inhibition of the geranylgeranyl transferase pathway rather than inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis. Oral atorvastatin at 10–20 mg/kg/day for 3 days strongly increased CD55 immunofluorescence in mouse brain and spinal cord and reduced NMO pathology following intracerebral AQP4-IgG injection.

Conclusion
Atorvastatin or other statins may thus have therapeutic benefit in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMO by increasing CD55 expression, in addition to their previously described anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions.
Recruitment Maneuvers and Higher PEEP, the So-Called Open Lung Concept, in Patients with ARDS
Authors: van der Zee Philip , Gommers Diederik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm in Critical Illness
Authors: Telias Irene , Wilcox Mary Elizabeth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices for Cardiogenic Shock: State of the Art
Authors: Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahao , Teboul Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Heterogeneity in sepsis: new biological evidence with clinical applications
Authors: Leligdowicz Aleksandra , Matthay Michael A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
ARDS in Obese Patients: Specificities and Management
Authors: De Jong Audrey , Verzilli Daniel , Jaber Samir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Frequency-domain FD modeling with an adaptable nearly perfectly matched layer boundary condition for poroviscoelastic waves upscaled from the effective Biot theory
Authors: Liu Xu , Greenhalgh Stewart 
Published: March 2019

To approximate seismic wave propagation in double-porosity media, one can use the effective Biot theory, which can explain the high level of attenuation observed at seismic frequencies, but which is unaccounted for with classic Biot theory. The governing equations of the effective Biot theory for homogeneous media with complex frequency dispersion characteristics need to be upscaled and extended to S-waves using a poroviscoelastic approach when simulating heterogeneous porous media. We have applied a frequency-space domain mixed grid finite-difference modeling method for this purpose and computed the wavefields for solid particle velocity, fluid flux, and pore pressure. A homogeneous full space model with a single Cole-Cole relaxation function (fractional Zener model) representing the attenuation mechanism is used to indicate that the numerical solutions match fairly well the analytical waveform solutions of the effective Biot theory for source center frequencies ranging from 25 to 10,000 Hz. The computed pore pressure wavefield for a two-layer example porous model is used to further support our numerical method. This model and a laterally heterogeneous three-layer porous medium model further illustrate the applicability of the procedure and even indicate the presence of the slow Biot wave near the interfaces as a result of mode conversion on reflection and transmission. The nearly perfectly matched layer (NPML) absorbing boundary condition is chosen to truncate the computational grid and avoid reflections from the model edges. We found and proved that the NPML performs identically to the PML for either elastic wave modeling or Biot porous medium wave modeling for 3D and 2D scenarios. Two methods to adjust the maximum damping factor (one for the source center frequency and the other for each frequency component) are suggested to adjust the damping factor function in the NPML condition to ensure its effectiveness for various frequency ranges.