bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous Blood-Derived Products Compared With Corticosteroids for Treatment of Plantar Fasciopathy
Authors: Chen Yu-Jen , Wu Yi-Cheng , Tu Yu-Kang , Cheng Ju-Wen , Tsai Wen-Chung , Yu Tung-Yang 
Published: October 2018

Objective
This review article evaluated the efficacy of autologous blood-derived products, including whole blood and platelet-rich plasma, in reducing pain and improving function compared with corticosteroids for plantar fasciopathy patients.

Design
Literature comparing autologous blood-derived product and corticosteroids for the treatment of plantar fasciopathy was systematically reviewed. Twelve randomized controlled trials and four quasi-experimental studies were included. The visual analog scale pain score and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score were evaluated at 1.5, 3, and 6 mos' follow-up. Subgroup analyses were performed concerning platelet-rich plasma preparation techniques, injection regiments, and study designs.

Results
Corticosteroids were found to reduce pain more effectively than whole blood at 1.5 and 3 mos, but the effect disappeared at 6 mos. Platelet-rich plasma reduced pain more effectively at 6 mos' postinjection than corticosteroids. However, there was no significant difference in the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score between platelet-rich plasma and corticosteroids injections at any time point. In the subgroup analyses, pain was significantly reduced at 6 mos by self-prepared platelet-rich plasma, one-step separation platelet-rich plasma, platelet-rich plasma of more than 3 ml, and platelet-rich plasma without local analgesics.

Conclusions
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that platelet-rich plasma may provide a long-term effect in relieving pain in plantar fasciopathy patients.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Compare the efficacy of whole blood (WB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and corticosteroid (CS) in short-term pain reduction in patients with plantar fasciopathy (PF); (2) Compare the efficacy of WB, PRP, and CS in long-term pain reduction in patients with PF; (3) Identify the potential complication of corticosteroid injection for plantar fasciopathy; and (4) Identify the components of whole blood that might influence the growth factors in healing process.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Conservative Management and Rehabilitation in the Older Runner With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Castillo Brenda , Sepúlveda Fernando , Micheo William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Osteoarthritis is an age-related condition that commonly affects the middle-aged and elderly population including individuals who continue to pursue an active and athletic lifestyle. Running is an easily accessible activity with many health benefits; thus, it is becoming a popular form of exercise, even in older individuals. Studies evaluating the correlation between running and osteoarthritis show conflicting results; however, most studies show an increased risk of osteoarthritis in runners with a combination of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. This study reviews the current literature to provide an overview of conservative (nonpharmacological and pharmacological) management strategies including patient education, therapeutic modalities and exercises, mechanical measures, dietary factors, oral and injectable pharmacotherapies, and orthobiologics. Rehabilitation considerations and return-to-sport guidelines are discussed, emphasizing the notion that a return to running activity requires reduction in mileage and formulation of a structured exercise program that includes strengthening, flexibility, and stability exercises, as well as modifications in the running technique.
Characterization of Perinatal Risk Factors and Complications Associated With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Sergesketter Amanda R. , Elsamadicy Aladine A. , Lubkin David T. , Krucoff Kate B. , Krucoff Max O. , Muh Carrie R. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Certain intrauterine risk factors are known to increase the risk of premature cranial suture fusion and may cause complications during birth. Some of these risk factors may be modifiable. Therefore, the authors sought to characterize the institutional patterns of prenatal risk factors and perinatal complications in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients compared to normal births from the surrounding area to identify areas for possible intervention or prevention.

Methods:
The medical records of all infants with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and full birth records born at Duke University Health System from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Maternal comorbidities, prenatal risk factors, and perinatal complications were collected. The North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics was queried for perinatal statistics from Durham county and the Northeastern Perinatal Care Region to represent a control cohort of normal births from the same time period and region. The primary outcome investigated was the incidence of prenatal risk factors and complications at birth associated with premature fusion of cranial sutures.

Results:
Eighty births with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis were included in this study. The majority of these patients were males (61.7%) and born via cesarean section (55.0%). Intrauterine growth restriction occurred in 10.0% and head trauma during delivery occurred in 2.5%. Twinning (14.8% vs 3.6%, P < 0.0001), cesarean births (55.5% vs 30.0%, P < 0.0001), and breech presentation (17.3% vs 3.2%, P < 0.0001) were significantly more common in craniosynostosis patients. Prenatally, mothers of craniosynostosis infants had higher incidence of gestational diabetes (13.5% vs 5.0%, P < 0.0001) and oligohydramnios (6.1% vs 1.3%, P < 0.0001) compared to regional controls.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that premature suture fusion is associated with prenatal risk factors such as gestational diabetes and oligohydramnios. Continued research into potentially modifiable prenatal risk factors and more refined prenatal diagnostic tools has the potential to reduce both the incidence of premature suture fusion and the sequelae of birth complications in this population.
Prehospital tourniquet use in penetrating extremity trauma: Decreased blood transfusions and limb complications
Authors: Smith Alison A. , Ochoa Joana E. , Wong Sunnie , Beatty Sydney , Elder Jeffrey , Guidry Chrissy , McGrew Patrick , McGinness Clifton , Duchesne Juan , Schroll Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND
Despite increasing popularity of prehospital tourniquet use in civilians, few studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of tourniquet use. Furthermore, previous studies in civilian populations have focused on blunt trauma patients. The objective of this study was to determine if prehospital tourniquet use in patients with major penetrating trauma is associated with differences in outcomes compared to a matched control group.

METHODS
An 8-year retrospective analysis of adult patients with penetrating major extremity trauma amenable to tourniquet use (major vascular trauma, traumatic amputation and near-amputation) was performed at a Level I trauma center. Patients with prehospital tourniquet placement (TQ) were identified and compared to a matched group of patients without tourniquets (N-TQ). Univariate analysis was used to compare outcomes in the groups.

RESULTS
A total of 204 patients were matched with 127 (62.3%) in the prehospital TQ group. No differences in patient demographics or injury severity existed between the two groups. Average time from tourniquet application to arrival in the emergency department (ED) was 22.5 ± 1.3 minutes. Patients in the TQ group had higher average systolic blood pressure on arrival in the ED (120 ± 2 vs. 112 ± 2, p = 0.003). The TQ group required less total PRBCs (2.0 ± 0.1 vs. 9.3 ± 0.6, p < 0.001) and FFP (1.4 ± 0.08 vs. 6.2 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). Tourniquets were not associated with nerve palsy (p = 0.330) or secondary infection (p = 0.43). Fasciotomy was significantly higher in the N-TQ group (12.6% vs. 31.4%, p < 0.0001) as was limb amputation (0.8% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.005).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that prehospital tourniquets could be safely used to control bleeding in major extremity penetrating trauma with no increased risk of major complications. Prehospital tourniquet use was also associated with increased systolic blood pressure on arrival to the ED, decreased blood product utilization and decreased incidence of limb related complications, which may lead to improved long-term outcomes and increased survival in trauma patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level IV.
IgA-deficient humans exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis despite production of compensatory IgM
Authors: Catanzaro Jason R , Strauss Juliet D , Bielecka Agata , Porto Anthony F , Lobo Francis M , Urban Andrea , Schofield Whitman B , Palm Noah W 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTImmunoglobulin A is the dominant antibody isotype found in mucosal secretions and enforces host-microbiota symbiosis in mice, yet selective IgA-deficiency (sIgAd) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in humans and is often described as asymptomatic. Here, we determined the effects of IgA deficiency on human gut microbiota composition and evaluated the possibility that secretion of IgM can compensate for a lack of secretory IgA. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial cell sorting to evaluate gut microbiota composition and IgA or IgM coating of the gut microbiota in 15 sIgAd subjects and 15 matched controls. Although sIgAd subjects secreted a significant amount of IgM into the intestinal lumen, this was insufficient to fully compensate for the lack of secretory IgA. Indeed, sIgAd subjects displayed an altered gut microbiota composition as compared to healthy controls, which was characterized by a trend towards decreased overall microbial diversity and significant shifts in the relative abundances of specific microbial taxa. While IgA targets a defined subset of the microbiota via high-level coating, compensatory IgM binds a broader subset of the microbiota in a less targeted manner. We conclude that IgA plays a critical and non-redundant role in controlling gut microbiota composition in humans and that secretory IgA has evolved to maintain a diverse and stable gut microbial community that promotes human health, enhances resistance to infection, and is resilient to perturbation.
Reorganization of thalamocortical connections in congenitally blind humans
Authors: Marins Theo F. , Russo Maite , Rodrigues Erika C. , Monteiro Marina , Moll Jorge , Felix Daniel , Bouzas Julia , Arcanjo Helena , Vargas Claudia D. , Tovar-Moll Fernanda 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCross-modal plasticity in blind individuals has been reported over the past decades showing that non-visual information is carried and processed by ‘visual’ brain structures. However, the structural underpinnings of cross-modal plasticity in congenitally blind individuals remain unclear despite multiple efforts. We mapped thalamocortical connectivity and assessed cortical thickness and integrity of white matter of ten congenitally blind individuals and ten sighted controls. We hypothesized an aberrant thalamocortical pattern of connectivity taking place in the absence of visual stimuli from birth as a potential mechanism of cross-modal plasticity. In addition to the increased cortical thickness of the primary visual cortex and reduced integrity of visual white matter bundles, we observed structural connectivity changes between the thalamus and occipital and temporal cortices. Specifically, the thalamic territory dedicated to connections with the occipital cortex was smaller and displayed weaker connectivity in congenitally blind individuals. In contrast, those connecting with the temporal cortex showed greater volume and increased connectivity compared to sighted controls. The abnormal pattern of thalamocortical connectivity included the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei and the pulvinar nucleus. For the first time in humans, a remapping of structural thalamocortical connections involving both unimodal and multimodal thalamic nuclei has been demonstrated, shedding light on the possible mechanisms of cross-modal plasticity in humans. The present findings may help understand the functional adaptations commonly observed in congenitally blind individuals.
On-ratio PDMS bonding for multilayer microfluidic device fabrication
Authors: Lai Andre , Altemose Nicolas , White Jonathan A. , Streets Aaron M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntegrated elastomeric valves, also referred to as Quake valves, enable precise control and manipulation of fluid within microfluidic devices. Fabrication of such valves requires bonding of multiple layers of the silicone polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The conventional method for PDMS-PDMS bonding is to use varied base to crosslinking agent ratios between layers, typically 20:1 and 5:1. This bonding technique, known as “off-ratio bonding,” provides strong, effective PDMS-PDMS bonding for multi-layer soft-lithography, but it can yield adverse PDMS material properties and can be wasteful of PDMS. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of on-ratio PDMS bonding for multilayer soft lithography. We show the efficacy of this technique among common variants of PDMS: Sylgard 184, RTV 615, and Sylgard 182.
Comparative mode of action of antimicrobial peptide melimine and its derivative Mel4 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Dutta Debarun , Willcox Mark DP 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMelimine and Mel4 are chimeric cationic peptides with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, and recent investigations have shown that they are highly biocompatible with animal model and human clinical trials. The current study examined the mechanism of action of these two antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa with a series of investigations. Antimicrobial activities were determined by MIC and MBC. Endotoxin neutralization was determined using the LAL assay, effect on the cytoplasmic membrane was evaluated using DiSC(3)-5 and Sytox green stains, and Syto-9 and PI dyes using flow cytometry. Release of cytoplasmic materials (ATP and DNA/RNA) were determined using ATP luminescence and increase in OD260nm. The ability to lyse bacteria was studied by measuring a decrease in OD620nm. The MIC of the peptides remained low against P. aeruginosa strains, which showed efficient neutralization of LPS, indicating their role in the anti-pseudomonas and LPS binding activities. Both AMPs rapidly (starting at 30 seconds) depolarized P. aeruginosa cytoplasmic membrane leading to reduction in viability. Melimine was responsible for more ATP release (75%) compared to Mel4 (36%) (P<0.001) following two minutes exposure. For both peptides, Sytox green entered cells after five minutes of incubation. Flow cytometry demonstrated that both the AMPs permeabilized the cell membrane at 30 minutes and followed by increasing permeability. Similar results were found with DNA/RNA release experiments. Overall, melimine showed higher ability of membrane disruption, cell lysis compared to Mel4 (P<0.001). Knowledge regarding mechanism of action of these two AMPs would be helpful in making them as anti-pseudomonas drug.
Low frequency oscillatory activity of the subthalamic nucleus is a predictive biomarker of compulsive-like cocaine seeking
Authors: Degoulet Mickaël , Tiran-Cappello Alix , Baunez Christelle , Pelloux Yann 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCocaine seeking despite a foot-shock contingency is used to model compulsive drug seeking, a core component of drug addiction, in rodents. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is efficient on other addiction criteria models and we show here that 30-Hz STN stimulation reduces pathological cocaine seeking in compulsive-like rats. This confirms STN DBS as a potential strategy to treat addiction. We also observed that only ‘compulsive-like’ rats displayed a progressive increase in STN low frequency oscillations, especially in the alpha/theta band (6-13 Hz), during cocaine escalation. Conversely, applying 8-Hz STN DBS to mimic alpha/theta oscillations in ‘non-compulsive’ animals changed them into ‘compulsive’ ones. We have thus identified a predictive neuronal biomarker of compulsivity. Since one critical challenge in addiction research is to identify vulnerable individuals before they transition to harmful drug consumption pattern, our results could lead to new diagnostic tools and prevention strategies.
Are populations like a circuit? Comparing isolation by resistance to a new coalescent-based method
Authors: Lundgren Erik , Ralph Peter L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA number of methods commonly used in landscape genetics use an analogy to electrical resistance on a network to describe and fit barriers to movement across the landscape using genetic distance data. These are motivated by a mathematical equivalence between electrical resistance between two nodes of a network and the “commute time”, which is the mean time for a random walk on that network to leave one node, visit the other, and return. However, genetic data are more accurately modeled by a different quantity, the coalescence time. Here, we describe the differences between resistance distance and coalescence time, and explore the consequences for inference. We implement a Bayesian method to infer effective movement rates and population sizes under both these models, and find that inference using commute times can produce misleading results in the presence of biased gene flow. We then use forwards-time simulation with continuous geography to demonstrate that coalescence-based inference remains more accurate than resistance-based methods on realistic data, but difficulties highlight the need for methods that explicitly model continuous, heterogeneous geography.
Genomic prediction offers the most effective marker assisted breeding approach for ability to prevent arsenic accumulation in rice grains
Authors: Frouin Julien , Labeyrie Axel , Boisnard Arnaud , Sacchi Gian Attilio , Ahmadi Nourollah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe high concentration of arsenic in the paddy fields and, consequently, in the rice grains is a critical issue in many rice-growing areas. Breeding arsenic tolerant rice varieties that prevent As uptake and its accumulation in the grains is a major mitigation options. However, the genetic control of the trait is complex, involving large number of gene of limited individual effect, and raises the question of the most efficient breeding method. Using data from three years of experiment in a naturally arsenic-reach field, we analysed the performances of the two major breeding methods: conventional, quantitative trait loci based, selection targeting loci involved in arsenic tolerance, and the emerging, genomic selection, predicting genetic values without prior hypotheses on causal relationships between markers and target traits. We showed that once calibrated in a reference population the accuracy of genomic prediction of arsenic content in the grains of the breeding population was rather high, ensuring genetic gains per time unite close to phenotypic selection. Conversely, selection targeting quantitative loci proved to be less robust as, though in agreement with the literature on the genetic bases of arsenic tolerance, few target loci identified in the reference population could be validated in the breeding population.
Insertion sequences drive the emergence of a highly adapted human pathogen
Authors: Sentausa Erwin , Basso Pauline , Berry Alice , Adrait Annie , Bellement Gwendoline , Couté Yohann , Lory Stephen , Elsen Sylvie , Attrée Ina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTaxonomic outliers ofPseudomonas aeruginosaof environmental origin have recently emerged as infectious for humans. Here we present the first genome-wide analysis of an isolate that caused fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia. We demonstrate that, in two sequential clones, CLJ1 and CLJ3, recovered from a patient with chronic pulmonary disease, insertion of a mobile genetic element into theP. aeruginosachromosome affected major virulence-associated phenotypes and led to increased resistance to antibiotics used to treat the patient. Comparative proteome and transcriptome analyses revealed that this insertion sequence, ISL3, disrupted genes encoding flagellar components, type IV pili, O-specific antigens, translesion polymerase and enzymes producing hydrogen cyanide. CLJ3 possessed seven fold more IS insertions than CLJ1, some modifying its susceptibility to antibiotics by disrupting the genes for the outer-membrane porin OprD and the regulator of β-lactamase expression AmpD. In theGalleria mellonellalarvae model, the two strains displayed different levels of virulence, with CLJ1 being highly pathogenic. This work reveals ISs as major players in enhancing the pathogenic potential of aP. aeruginosataxonomic outlier by modulating both, the virulence and the resistance to antimicrobials, and explains the ability of this bacterium to adapt from the environment to a human host.
Multiple decay events target HAC1 mRNA during splicing to regulate the unfolded protein response
Authors: Cherry Patrick D. , Peach Sally , Hesselberth Jay R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn the unfolded protein response (UPR), protein-folding stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates a large transcriptional program to increase ER folding capacity. During the budding yeast UPR, the trans-ER-membrane kinase-endoribonuclease Ire1 excises an intron from the HAC1 mRNA and the exon cleavage products are ligated and translated to a transcription factor that induces hundreds of stress-response genes. HAC1 cleavage by Ire1 is thought to be the rate limiting step of its processing. Using cells with mutations in RNA repair and decay enzymes, we show that phosphorylation of two different HAC1 splicing intermediates by Trl1 RNA 5′-kinase is required for their degradation by the 5′→3′ exonuclease Xrn1 to enact opposing effects on the UPR. Kinase-mediated decay (KMD) of cleaved HAC1 3′-exon competes with its ligation to limit productive splicing and suppress the UPR, whereas KMD of the excised intron activates HAC1 translation, likely by relieving an inhibitory base-pairing interaction between the intron and 5′-untranslated region. We also found that ligated but 2′-phosphorylated HAC1 mRNA is endonucleolytically cleaved, yielding a KMD intermediate with both 5′- and 2′-phosphates at its 5′-end that inhibit 5′→3′ decay, and suggesting that Ire1 initiates the degradation of incompletely processed HAC1s to proofread ligation or attenuate the UPR. These multiple decay events expand the scope of RNA-based regulation in the budding yeast UPR and may have implications for the control of the metazoan UPR by mRNA processing.