bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overtreatment of Prostate Cancer Among Men With Limited Longevity in the Active Surveillance Era
Authors: Daskivich Timothy J. , Luu Michael , Heard John , Thomas I-Chun , Leppert John T. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceMen with limited life expectancy (LE) have historically been overtreated for prostate cancer despite clear guideline recommendations. With increasing use of active surveillance, it is unclear if overtreatment of men with limited LE has persisted and how overtreatment varies by tumor risk and treatment type.ObjectiveTo determine if rates of overtreatment of men with limited LE have persisted in the active surveillance era and whether overtreatment varies by tumor risk or treatment type.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included men with clinically localized prostate cancer in the Veterans Affairs health system who received a diagnosis between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLE was estimated using the validated age-adjusted Prostate Cancer Comorbidity Index (PCCI). Treatment trends among men with limited LE were assessed using a stratified linear and log-linear Poisson regression in aggregate and across PCCI and tumor risk subgroups.ResultsThe mean (SD) age for the study population of 243 928 men was 66.8 (8.0) years. A total of 50 045 (20.5%) and 11 366 (4.7%) men had an LE of less than 10 years and LE of less than 5 years based on PCCI scores of 5 or greater and 10 or greater, respectively. Among men with an LE of less than 10 years, the proportion of men treated with definitive treatment (surgery or radiotherapy) for low-risk disease decreased from 37.4% to 14.7% (absolute change, −22.7%; 95% CI, −30.0% to −15.4%) but increased for intermediate-risk disease from 37.6% to 59.8% (22.1%; 95% CI, 14.8%-29.4%) from 2000 to 2019, with increases observed for favorable (32.8%-57.8%) unfavorable intermediate-risk disease (46.1%-65.2%). Among men with an LE of less than 10 years who were receiving definitive therapy, the predominant treatment was radiotherapy (78%). Among men with an LE of less than 10 years, use of radiotherapy increased from 31.3% to 44.9% (13.6%; 95% CI, 8.5%-18.7%) for intermediate-risk disease from 2000 to 2019, with increases observed for favorable and unfavorable intermediate-risk disease. Among men with an LE of less than 5 years, the proportion of men treated with definitive treatment for high-risk disease increased from 17.3% to 46.5% (29.3%; 95% CI, 21.9%-36.6%) from 2000 to 2019. Among men with an LE of less than 5 years who were receiving definitive therapy, the predominant treatment was radiotherapy (85%). Among men with an LE of less than 5 years, use of radiotherapy increased from 16.3% to 39.0% (22.6%; 95% CI, 16.5%-28.8%) from 2000 to 2019.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that, in the active surveillance era, overtreatment of men with limited LE and intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer has increased in the VA, mainly with radiotherapy.
Bi2O3 Nanosheets for Early Warning Thermal Runaway of Lithium Battery
Authors: Pan Jianbin , Chu Jifeng , Zhang Lu , Bo Kehan , Yang Aijun , Yuan Huan , Rong Mingzhe , Wang Xiaohua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractH2 and CO are mostly regarded as the signature products before the thermal runaway of lithium batteries. In fact, most small‐molecule gases result from the electrolyte decomposition inside the lithium battery under high temperature. The main component of electrolyte, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) can spill out of the case much earlier than H2 and CO. Herein, it is studied that the gas production of a lithium battery before its thermal runaway, and verified that gaseous DMC is a much earlier marker to warn thermal runaway. To solve the lack of highly DMC‐sensitive sensors, a novel semiconductor gas sensor is fabricated by Bi2O3 nanosheets. It performs high sensitivity and selectivity toward DMC with ultra‐low limit of detection (50 ppb) and high selectivity (>24 times). Notably, in comparison with temperature measurement and other commercial gas sensors, the as‐prepared Bi2O3 sensor detecting gaseous DMC can provide an early warning over 15 min before a thermal runaway happened. So, this Bi2O3 sensor has a great potential for practical application on warning thermal runaway. The in situ infrared spectroscopy and the in situ Raman spectroscopy are employed to investigate the nature behind the outstanding performances, which is ascribed to the direct interaction between electrolyte molecules and Bi2O3nanosheets.
Cerium Oxide‐Armored Composite Latex Particles by Visible Light Emulsion Photopolymerization: From Synthesis to Film Properties
Authors: Schoumacker Magalie , Subervie Daniel , Dugas Pierre‐Yves , Lalevée Jacques , Montarnal Damien , Lansalot Muriel , Lacôte Emmanuel , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCerium dioxide (CeO2) has huge potential in many applications ranging from biochemical engineering to the coating industry. Here, the first example of visible light photo‐mediated Pickering emulsion polymerization of (meth)acrylate monomers is reported using CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as solid stabilizer. A ω,ω′−dicarboxylic acid diphenyl disulfide photoinitiator is anchored on the surface of the CeO2 NPs and used to initiate the emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and of MMA/n‐butyl acrylate (MMA/BA) under visible light leading to CeO2‐armored latexes. Radicals generated upon light irradiation trigger the formation of polymer chains chemically attached to the CeO2 NPs, promoting their subsequent adsorption on the latex surface. The composite films obtained from the CeO2‐armored P(MMA‐co‐BA) latexes exhibit a unique honeycomb nanostructure with the nanoceria located in the walls giving the materials excellent mechanical, anti‐UV, and photocatalytic properties.
Organic Ligand‐Free Scalable Dual‐Band Electrochromic Smart Windows
Authors: Liu Rong , Li Yiyi , Hu Bin , Long Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDual‐band electrochromic (DBEC) smart windows are an emerging energy‐saving technology, especially those constructed from single‐component DBEC materials as they offer an easy way to independently regulate visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) light. However, the current complicated organic ligand approach used to synthesize single‐component DBEC materials necessitates a post‐annealing treatment, which may severely compromise the scalability of DBEC smart windows. Herein, one organic ligand‐free process is developed to produce well‐controlled Nb‐doped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals (NTO NCs) followed by spraying on arbitrary substrates, giving NTO rigid or flexible films with good DBEC properties and a high optical modulation over 92%. A prototype of a 20 cm × 20 cm DBEC smart window is built. The simplicity and scalability of the synthesis and fabrication process make it a scalable approach to constructing large‐area electrochromic smart windows and foils, with promising applications in fields such as buildings and automobiles.
Valence Band Modification and Enhanced Phonon‐Phonon Interactions for High Thermoelectric Performance in GeTe
Authors: Zhu Jianglong , Li Ruiheng , Tan Xiaobo , Feng Fan , Sun Qiang , Song Pingan , Hong Min , Ang Ran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe strong coupling between carrier and phonon transport in thermoelectric (TE) materials severely limits improvements to the figure of merit (ZT). In this work, an approach is proposed to weaken electron‐phonon coupling, effectively enhancing the TE performance of GeTe. Alloying with Zn4Sb3 reduces excessive carrier concentration (nH), widens the bandgap, and promotes band convergence, synergistically improving charge carrier transport and ensuring a high power factor. Additional Pb doping further optimizes nH, boosting the power factor even more. Moreover, phonon transport is suppressed through Pb doping, as reflected in enhanced acoustic‐optical interactions due to the crossing of optical and acoustic modes, and a reduction in sound group velocity. This reinforced strong phonon scattering, combined with multi‐scale hierarchical nano/microstructures in the matrix, significantly reduces lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, a high ZT of 2.1 is achieved at 753 K in Ge0.9Pb0.1Te+0.9%Zn4Sb3. Alongside optimized mechanical performance, a high power density of 1.46 W cm−2 is realized at a temperature difference of 350 K in the fabricated 7‐pair TE module. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of a stepwise optimization strategy for developing high‐performance TE materials.
Origin and Potentialities of the Selective Host‐Matrix Effect in Hydrogenated III‐V‐N Alloys.
Authors: Filippone Francesco , Amore Bonapasta Aldo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn a previous study, puzzling experimental results regarding the neutralization of N effects on the bandgap energy in the hydrogenated In0.21Ga0.79As0.975N0.025 alloy were explained by theoretical investigations revealing the occurrence of a novel phenomenon: thermal annealing changes the InGaAs host‐matrix by making it able to exert a selection of the N–H complexes responsible of the N neutralization. In view of technological applications of this effect, the underlying selective host‐matrix model was carefully checked here by theoretically investigating InGaAsN alloys of different compositions ranging from Ga‐rich to In‐rich. As a most important result, such an extensive investigation inspired a comprehensive explanation of the origin of the host‐matrix effect which clarifies how the effect works, firmly establishes its occurrence, gives indications for a bandgap tuning based on a matrix design, sets conditions for its extension to other III‐V‐N alloys and suggests ways to induce fine changes of the alloy mechanical behavior.
High‐Performance Infrared Scene Generation Using a Double‐S Microbridge Photothermal Film Emitter With Ultralarge Array
Authors: Hao Yan , Ling Chen , Ma Changzheng , Li Chuan , Yang Suhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInfrared emitters are highly desirable for applications in infrared imaging and stealth technology. Photothermal film emitters, which are driven by light, have garnered considerable interest due to their excellent photothermal properties and ease of fabrication. However, existing photothermal films often suffer from low photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) and limited array scale. Here, a photothermal film emitter featuring a double‐S microbridge structure is presented, which comprehensively considering the PCE and frame rate. Initially, Si microbridges are fabricated within each microstructure to support the photothermal film. The pattern structure is then arranged into a double‐S configuration to manipulate the thermal conductivity. By optimizing the length and width of the double‐S pattern, high PCE and fast frame rates are achieved. The double‐S microbridge structure photothermal film emitter is fabricated with a 4‐inch diameter, forming an ultra‐large array with over 3000 × 3000 pixels. The absorption and photothermal conversion characteristics are studied, revealing a maximum temperature of 582.70 K and a highest PCE of 16.32%. Time‐dependent photothermal response demonstrated the emitter's rapid heat storage and release capabilities. Additionally, an infrared scene generator is realized. These results position the photothermal film emitter as a promising solution for infrared imaging and dynamic scene generation.
Nanotech‐Enhanced Chemical Energy Storage with DNA
Authors: Tang Xincao , Gao Zhiwei , Li Jian , Ma Yanan , Zhang Chuankun , Shang Hao , Luo Xiao , Man Tiantian , Lai Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA nanotechnology has revolutionized materials science by harnessing DNA's programmable properties. DNA serves as a versatile biotemplate, facilitating the creation of novel materials such as electrode materials and DNA hydrogels for electrolytes and membranes. These advancements have significantly boosted the performance of energy storage devices. DNA biotemplates not only enhance supercapacitor capacitance and increase Li–S battery cycling stability but also improve metal ion transport in perovskite solar cells, enhancing power conversion efficiency. Additionally, DNA's addressable nature allows precise enzyme positioning in biofuel cells, enhancing enzyme cascade efficiency. Overall, DNA nanotechnology offers a potent strategy for enhancing electrochemical device performance and stability through structural engineering.
Advances in Physics and Chemistry of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Janus Monolayers: Properties, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Chaurasiya Rajneesh , Tyagi Shubham , Kale Abhijeet J. , Gupta Goutam Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Dixit Ambesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractJanus transition metal dichalcogenides (JTMDs) have garnered significant interest from the scientific community owing to their remarkable physical and chemical features. The existence of intrinsic dipoles makes them different from conventional transition metal dichalcogenides. These properties are useful in various potential applications, including energy storage, energy generation, and other electronic devices. The JTMDs are considered a hot topic in two dimensional (2D) materials research, making it necessary to understand their fundamental properties and potential use in various applications. This review covers the fundamental difference between Janus and conventional transition metal dichalcogenide‐based 2D materials. This discussion encompasses the characteristics of monolayer, bilayer, and multilayer materials, focusing on their structural stability, electronics properties, optical properties, piezoelectricity, and Rashba effects. The impact of external stimuli such as strain and electric field toward engineering the ground state properties of monolayer JTMDs is discussed. Additionally, various potential applications of Janus monolayers, including gas sensors, catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, thermoelectric, solar cells, and field effect transistors, are highlighted, emphasizing enhancing their performance. Finally, the prospects of Janus 2D materials for next‐generation electronic devices are highlighted.
Targeting ATAD3A Phosphorylation Mediated by TBK1 Ameliorates Senescence‐Associated Pathologies
Authors: He Yujiao , Liu Yanchen , Zheng Mingyue , Zou Yuxiu , Huang Mujie , Wang Linsheng , Gao Ge , Zhou Zhongjun , Jin Guoxiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTargeting cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of aging and aging‐related pathologies emerges as an effective strategy for anti‐aging and cancer chemotherapy. Here, a switch from TBK1‐OPTN axis to TBK1‐ATAD3A axis to promote cellular senescence is shown. Mechanically, TBK1 protein is abnormally activated and localized to the mitochondria during senescence, which directly phosphorylates ATAD3A at Ser321. Phosphorylated ATAD3A is significantly elevated in cellular senescence as well as in physiological and pathological aging and is essential for suppressing Pink1‐mediated mitophagy by facilitating Pink1 mitochondrial import. Inhibition of ATAD3A phosphorylation at Ser321 by either TBK1 deficiency or by a Ser321A mutation rescues the cellular senescence. A blocking peptide, TAT‐PEP, specifically abrogating ATAD3A phosphorylation, results in elevated cell death by preventing doxorubicin‐induced senescence, thus leading to enhanced tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy. TAT‐PEP treatment also ameliorates various phenotypes associated with physiological aging. Collectively, these results reveal the TBK1‐ATAD3A‐Pink1 axis as a driving force in cellular senescence and suggest a potential mitochondrial target for anti‐aging therapy.
Assessment of Single‐Cycle M‐Protein Mutated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Safe and Immunogenic Mucosal Vaccine Platform for SARS‐CoV‐2 Immunogen Delivery
Authors: Zhang En , Ke Yong , Ran Weihong , Zhang Yu , Li Ruihang , Fang Xinkui , Wang Lei , Zhang Baohong , Sun Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of the next‐generation COVID‐19 vaccine is to provide rapid respiratory tract protection with a single dose. Circulating antibodies do not protect the olfactory mucosa from viral infection, necessitating localized mucosal immunization. Live attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVMT)‐based COVID‐19 vaccines effectively stimulate mucosal immunity in animals, though safety concerns remain, particularly in immunocompromised populations. A viral vector capable of single‐cycle replication may face less stringent regulatory requirements. A replication‐defective VSVMT is developed with its G protein replaced by a SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (S) mutant, where residues K986 and V987 are substituted by prolines (S2P). This studies show that single‐cycle VSVMT encoding Omicron subvariant S2P (VSVMT‐S2P) is safe in both healthy and immunocompromised animals treated with cyclophosphamide (CP). Significant antibody and T‐cell responses against the spike protein are observed in VSVMT‐S2P vaccinated healthy animals. Intramuscular VSVMT‐S2P administration induces neutralizing antibody responses comparable to those from replication‐competent VSVMT‐S. In immunocompromised animals, lower and delayed immune responses are observed. Thus, single‐cycle M‐protein mutated VSV offers a safe and effective platform for SARS‐CoV‐2 immunogen delivery. Remarkably, replication‐competent VSVMT‐S caused no pathogenicity and elicited potent mucosal immunity via intranasal administration, highlighting its potential as a mucosal COVID‐19 vaccine.
Bioactive Self‐Assembled Nanoregulator Enhances Hematoma Resolution and Inhibits Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yu Wenyan , Che Chengyuan , Yang Yi , Zhao Yuzhen , Liu Junjie , Chen Aibing , Shi Jinjin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHematoma and secondary neuroinflammation continue to pose a significant challenge in the clinical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study describes a nanoregulator formed through the self‐assembly of Mg2+ and signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) DNAzyme (SDz), aimed at enhancing hematoma resolution and inhibiting neuroinflammation in the treatment of ICH. The structure of SDz collapses in response to the acidic endo/lysosomal microenvironment of microglia, releasing Mg2+ and the SIRPα DNAzyme. The Mg2+ then acts as a cofactor to activate the SIRPα DNAzyme. By blocking the CD47‐SIRPα signaling pathway, microglia can rapidly and effectively phagocytose red blood cells (RBCs), thereby promoting the clearance of the hematoma. Simultaneously, Mg2+ reset the microglia to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the MYD88/MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway, thereby modulating the inflammatory microenvironment of ICH. This co‐delivery and synergistic strategy resulted in a significant reduction in hematoma size, decreasing from 11.90 to 5.84 mm3, and promoted recovery from ICH with minimal systemic side effects. This simple yet highly effective nanoplatform, which involves complex synergistic mechanisms, proves to be effective for ICH therapy and holds great promise for introducing novel perspectives into clinical and translational approaches for ICH.
High‐Temperature Driven Recrystallization for Stable Dopant‐Free α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xiao Lingbo , Xu Xiaoli , Zhao Jie , Wang Chen , Lu Zheng , Li Lutao , He Liang , Chen Yu , Zou Guifu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh temperatures facilitate the formation of stable, high‐crystallinity α‐FAPbI3 films but can lead to the volatilization of organic components in perovskites. Here, a 300 °C hot‐press‐assisted recrystallization strategy is reported to grow stable phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 film without any dopants. High temperature can promote the transformation of δ‐FAPbI3 to α‐FAPbI3, and induces recrystallization to relieve strain. The applied pressure creates a confined space that effectively prevents the volatilization of organic components in perovskite. The α‐FAPbI3 film prepared by hot‐press at 300 °C achieves an average grain size of ≈3 µm (with grains up to 10 µm) and demonstrates excellent damp‐heat stability, showing no significant change after 20 s in deionized water. The result solar cell delivers a power conversion efficiency as high as 24.06% and retains >70% of their initial efficiency value after 1000 h at 85 °C and 85% relative humidity.
High‐Strength, Thermally Stable, and Processable Wood Fiber/Polyamide Composites for Engineering Structural Components
Authors: You Zhengtong , Wang Haigang , Zhang Feng , Zhang Haoyuan , Zou Chuwen , Zhou Zhifang , Wang Yonggui , Xiao Zefang , Liang Daxin , Wang Qingwen , Gan Wentao , Xie Yanjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHybrid wood fiber/plastic composites offer a high‐value‐added utilization for agroforestry waste, which also providing a promising solution for reducing white pollution. However, the interface incompatibility between natural wood fibers and polymers significantly impairs the mechanical properties of the composites. Herein, a straightforward procedure is proposed to solve this problem, involving the removal of low‐thermal‐stability hemicellulose from wood fibers by hydrothermal pretreatment, followed by compositing with polyamide to produce hydrothermally treated wood fiber/polyamide composites (HWPACs). No chemical additives are required to improve the interface compatibility of composites, which simplifies the manufacturing process and provides environmental benefits. The effective removal of hemicellulose (78.35%) significantly increases the onset thermal degradation temperature of hydrothermally treated wood fibers (HWFs) by 27.49 °C. This prevents the generation of micro gaps during thermal processing, thereby improving the interfacial bonding strength between HWFs and polyamide. HWPACs exhibit higher mechanical strength (flexural strength 139.45 MPa) and thermal stability while maintaining a low density (1.22 g cm−3). Various lightweight, high‐strength, and multi‐shape materials can be prepared by hot pressing, injecting, and printing HWPACs, suggesting their suitability for applications in engineering structural components.
Hydrodynamic Fluidic Pump Empowered Sensitive Recognition and Active Transport of Hydrogen Peroxide in 1D Channels
Authors: Liu Shuya , Guo Yongxian , Gong Yanjun , Wei Yanze , Hu Qiongzheng , Yu Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThrough synthetic chemistry, the development of molecular devices for the precise selective recognition and active transport of small molecules stands as one of the most ambitious objectives in extensive medical, environmental, and biological applications. The periodical channels of the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with excellent chemical affinity offer vast regulatory space for reaching this goal. Herein, by post‐modifying fluorescent probes and ionic liquid molecules into the Zr‐MOFs (NU‐1000), a donor–acceptor (D‐A) system within the periodical 1D channels is created to construct a hydrodynamic fluidic pump within the abundant 1D channels. Irradiation with light serves to initiate and direct fluid motion, expediting the transport of H2O2 molecules to the active site, thus boosting the sensor sensitivity through gas enrichment. The rapid mass transfer, characterized by a high flow rate and intensified interaction between the D‐A system and H2O2 molecules, enables the detection of H2O2 at concentrations as low as 20 ppb. Besides, with the aid of incident light, the pump system exhibits active transport characteristics by transporting radicals derived from H2O2 against a concentration gradient, reaching a remarkable 10th cycle. The strategy of achieving active transport of small molecules through pore modification holds promise for advancing the development of artificial bioactive channels.