bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translations as Additional Contexts for Sentence Classification
Authors: Amplayo Reinald Kim , Lee Kyungjae , Yeo Jinyoung , Hwang Seung-won 
Published: July 2018

In sentence classification tasks, additional contexts, such as the neighboring sentences, may improve the accuracy of the classifier. However, such contexts are domain-dependent and thus cannot be used for another classification task with an inappropriate domain. In contrast, we propose the use of translated sentences as domain-free context that is always available regardless of the domain. We find that naive feature expansion of translations gains only marginal improvements and may decrease the performance of the classifier, due to possible inaccurate translations thus producing noisy sentence vectors. To this end, we present multiple context fixing attachment (MCFA), a series of modules attached to multiple sentence vectors to fix the noise in the vectors using the other sentence vectors as context. We show that our method performs competitively compared to previous models, achieving best classification performance on multiple data sets. We are the first to use translations as domain-free contexts for sentence classification.
Adversarial Active Learning for Sequences Labeling and Generation
Authors: Deng Yue , Chen KaWai , Shen Yilin , Jin Hongxia 
Published: July 2018

We introduce an active learning framework for general sequence learning tasks including sequence labeling and generation. Most existing active learning algorithms mainly rely on an uncertainty measure derived from the probabilistic classifier for query sample selection. However, such approaches suffer from two shortcomings in the context of sequence learning including 1) cold start problem and 2) label sampling dilemma. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a deep-learning-based active learning framework to directly identify query samples from the perspective of adversarial learning. Our approach intends to offer labeling priorities for sequences whose information content are least covered by existing labeled data. We verify our sequence-based active learning approach on two tasks including sequence labeling and sequence generation.
Topic-to-Essay Generation with Neural Networks
Authors: Feng Xiaocheng , Liu Ming , Liu Jiahao , Qin Bing , Sun Yibo , Liu Ting 
Published: July 2018

We focus on essay generation, which is a challenging task that generates a paragraph-level text with multiple topics.Progress towards understanding different topics and expressing diversity in this task requires more powerful generators and richer training and evaluation resources. To address this, we develop a multi-topic aware long short-term memory (MTA-LSTM) network.In this model, we maintain a novel multi-topic coverage vector, which learns the weight of each topic and is sequentially updated during the decoding process.Afterwards this vector is fed to an attention model to guide the generator.Moreover, we automatically construct two paragraph-level Chinese essay corpora, 305,000 essay paragraphs and 55,000 question-and-answer pairs.Empirical results show that our approach obtains much better BLEU score compared to various baselines.Furthermore, human judgment shows that MTA-LSTM has the ability to generate essays that are not only coherent but also closely related to the input topics.
Small Undecidable Problems in Epistemic Planning
Authors: Lê Cong Sébastien , Pinchinat Sophie , Schwarzentruber François 
Published: July 2018

Epistemic planning extends classical planning with knowledge and is based on dynamic epistemic logic (DEL). The epistemic planning problem is undecidable in general. We exhibit a small undecidable subclass of epistemic planning over 2-agent S5 models with a fixed repertoire of one action, 6 propositions and a fixed goal. We furthermore consider a variant of the epistemic planning problem where the initial knowledge state is an automatic structure, hence possibly infinite. In that case, we show the epistemic planning problem with 1 public action and 2 propositions to be undecidable, while it is known to be decidable with public actions over finite models. Our results are obtained by reducing the reachability problem over small universal cellular automata. While our reductions yield a goal formula that displays the common knowledge operator, we show, for each of our considered epistemic problems, a reduction into an epistemic planning problem for a common-knowledge-operator-free goal formula by using 2 additional actions.
Virtual-to-Real: Learning to Control in Visual Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Hong Zhang-Wei , Chen Yu-Ming , Yang Hsuan-Kung , Su Shih-Yang , Shann Tzu-Yun , Chang Yi-Hsiang , Ho Brian Hsi-Lin , Tu Chih-Chieh , Hsiao Tsu-Ching , Hsiao Hsin-Wei , Lai Sih-Pin , Chang Yueh-Chuan , Lee Chun-Yi 
Published: July 2018

Collecting training data from the physical world is usually time-consuming and even dangerous for fragile robots, and thus, recent advances in robot learning advocate the use of simulators as the training platform. Unfortunately, the reality gap between synthetic and real visual data prohibits direct migration of the models trained in virtual worlds to the real world. This paper proposes a modular architecture for tackling the virtual-to-real problem. The proposed architecture separates the learning model into a perception module and a control policy module, and uses semantic image segmentation as the meta representation for relating these two modules. The perception module translates the perceived RGB image to semantic image segmentation. The control policy module is implemented as a deep reinforcement learning agent, which performs actions based on the translated image segmentation. Our architecture is evaluated in an obstacle avoidance task and a target following task. Experimental results show that our architecture significantly outperforms all of the baseline methods in both virtual and real environments, and demonstrates a faster learning curve than them. We also present a detailed analysis for a variety of variant configurations, and validate the transferability of our modular architecture.
Scalable Probabilistic Causal Structure Discovery
Authors: Sridhar Dhanya , Pujara Jay , Getoor Lise 
Published: July 2018

Complex causal networks underlie many real-world problems, from the regulatory interactions between genes to the environmental patterns used to understand climate change. Computational methods seek to infer these causal networks using observational data and domain knowledge. In this paper, we identify three key requirements for inferring the structure of causal networks for scientific discovery: (1) robustness to noise in observed measurements; (2) scalability to handle hundreds of variables; and (3) flexibility to encode domain knowledge and other structural constraints. We first formalize the problem of joint probabilistic causal structure discovery. We develop an approach using probabilistic soft logic (PSL) that exploits multiple statistical tests, supports efficient optimization over hundreds of variables, and can easily incorporate structural constraints, including imperfect domain knowledge. We compare our method against multiple well-studied approaches on biological and synthetic datasets, showing improvements of up to 20% in F1-score over the best performing baseline in realistic settings.
Using Contextual Bandits with Behavioral Constraints for Constrained Online Movie Recommendation
Authors: Balakrishnan Avinash , Bouneffouf Djallel , Mattei Nicholas , Rossi Francesca 
Published: July 2018

AI systems that learn through reward feedback about the actions they take are increasingly deployed in domains that have significant impact on our daily life. In many cases the rewards should not be the only guiding criteria, as there are additional constraints and/or priorities imposed by regulations, values, preferences, or ethical principles. We detail a novel online system, based on an extension of the contextual bandits framework, that learns a set of behavioral constraints by observation and uses these constraints as a guide when making decisions in an online setting while still being reactive to reward feedback. In addition, our system can highlight features of the context which are more predicted to be more rewarding and/or are in line with the behavioral constraints.Â We demonstrate the system by building an interactive interface for an online movie recommendation agent and show that our system is able to act within a set of behavior constraints without significantly degrading overall performance.
Automated Reasoning for City Infrastructure Maintenance Decision Support
Authors: Wei Lijun , Magee Derek R. , Dimitrova Vania , Clarke Barry , Du Heshan , Mahesar Quratul-ain , Al Ammari Kareem , Cohn Anthony G. 
Published: July 2018

We present an interactive decision support system for assisting city infrastructure inter-asset management. It combines real-time site specific data retrieval, a knowledge base co-created with domain experts and an inference engine capable of predicting potential consequences and risks resulting from the available data and knowledge. The system can give explanations of each consequence, cope with incomplete and uncertain data by making assumptions about what might be the worst case scenario, and making suggestions for further investigation. This demo presents multiple real-world scenarios, and demonstrates how modifying assumptions (parameter values) can lead to different consequences.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Busa Poliuretan dari Minyak Goreng Bekas dan Toluen Diisosianat dengan Penambahan PEG-400
Authors: Nofiyanti Estin , Mariam Nida 
Published: July 2018

<p>Penelitian yang telah dilakukan bertujuan untuk mensintesis busa poliuretan dari minyak goreng bekas dan Toluen Diisosianat (TDI) dengan penambahan PEG-400 serta karakterisasi busa poliuretan yang terbentuk. Minyak goreng bekas dikonversi terlebih dahulu menjadi poliol sebelum direaksikan dengan TDI. Polimerisasi dilakukan pada temperatur kamar dengan variasi komposisi poliol minyak goreng bekas–TDI - PEG 400 yaitu (2:1,5:0); (2:1,5:1); (2:1,5:2); dan (2:1,5:3). Karakterisasi poliuretan hasil meliputi penentuan gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR, jumlah ikatan silang menggunakan derajat penggembungan, dan sifat termal poliuretan menggunakan DTA. Poliuretan berhasil disintesis dari polyol minyak goreng bekas-PEG-400-TDI ditunjukkan adanya serapan karakteristik poliuretan dari spektra FTIR. Penambahan PEG-400 dapat menyempurnakan polimerisasi dan meningkatkan derajat penggembungan (ikatan silang semakin sedikit). Pengujian sifat termal poliuretan optimum dengan komposisi polyol minyak goreng bekas–TDI - PEG 400 (2 : 1,5 : 1) menunjukkan bahwa temperatur transisi gelas sebesar 256 <sup>o</sup>C dan temperatur degradasinya sebesar 275 <sup>o</sup>C.</p>
Relevant Logics Obeying Component Homogeneity
Authors: Ciuni Roberto , Szmuc Damian , Ferguson Thomas Macaulay 
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses three relevant logics (S*fde , dS*fde , crossS*fde) that obey Component Homogeneity - a principle that Goddard and Routley introduce in their project of a logic of significance. The paper establishes two main results. First, it establishes a general characterization result for two families of logic that obey Component Homogeneity - that is, we provide a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for their consequence relations. From this, we derive characterization results for S*fde , dS*fde , crossS*fde. Second, the paper establishes complete sequent calculi for S*fde , dS*fde , crossS*fde. Among the other accomplishments of the paper, we generalize the semantics from Bochvar, Hallden, Deutsch and Daniels, we provide a general recipe to define (a given family of) containment logics, we explore the single-premise/single-conclusion fragment of S*fde , dS*fde , crossS*fde and the connections between crossS*fde and the logic Eq of equality by Epstein. Also, we present S*fde as a relevant logic of meaninglessness that follows the main philosophical tenets of Goddard and Routley, and we briefly examine three further systems that are closely related to our main logics. Finally, we discuss Routley's criticism to containment logic in light of our results, and overview some open issues.
Flooding in Pakistan (August, 2010)
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite images of Pakistan on August 11, 2010, after two weeks of flooding had devastated the country.
By early August 2010, two weeks of devastating monsoon rains had transformed the landscape of Pakistan, pushing rivers over their banks, inundating villages, washing away bridges and roads, destroying crops, and killing livestock. By August 12, 2010, more than 1,600 people had perished, according to news reports, and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimated that more than 14 million people had been affected in some way.
For more information, visit NASA's Earth Observatory page: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=45200

Disaster
Flood
Percentage of safely treated wastewater used in Arab States in 2013
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows the percentage of safely treated wastewater that is being used in the Arab region, mostly for irrigation and groundwater recharge. At the Arab regional level, 23% of the safely treated wastewater is being used.
For more information, access the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Quality
Use/Reuse
Waste
Volume of collected wastewater in the Arab States in 2013 (in millions m3)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows the volume of collected wastewater in the Arab States, expressed in millions of cubic meters. Access to improved sanitation is largely prevalent in the Arab region, but connections to sewerage networks and wastewater treatment facilities remain more limited. Network coverage is generally provided in larger urban centers, while septic tanks and cesspits remain common in rural areas and in the region's least developed countries. Off-network sanitation systems, however, complicate te collection and treatment of wastewater and reduce the ability to sustainably manage wastewater as a resource in most areas.
For more information, acces the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Quality
Sanitation
Waste
Presence of water in 980 water points in Guatemala (2013-2016)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer identifies if any water was available at the water point on the day of the visit (recognizing that it may be a limited flow) in Guatemala. Data was gathered from the Water Point Data Exchange (WPDx) platform, a tool established for sharing water point data throughout the global water sector. The goal of the Water Point Data Exchange is to simplify the way water point data is shared so all stakeholders can work more efficiently.
For more information, visit the WPDx website at https://www.waterpointdata.org/

Accessibility
Drinking water
Supply
Water Poverty Index (2002)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer presents the Water Poverty Index (WPI) in 141 countries around the world. The WPI is a water management tool that expresses an interdisciplinary measure which links household welfare with water availability and indicates the degree to which water scarcity impacts on human populations. It is calculated using 5 components: resources, access, capacity, use, environment. The WPI combines measures of water availability and access with the people’s capacity to access water. People can be considered as « water poor » if the water is not enough available for their basic needs (they may have to walk a long way to get it or supplies may be limited) or if people can’t access to water even if it is available (for example if they can’t afford to pay for it).
For more information, see the paper: http://econwpa.repec.org/eps/dev/papers/0211/0211003.pdf

Accessibility
Scarcity
Supply
Vulnerability
Presence of water in 244 water points in El Salvador (2013-2016)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer identifies if any water was available at the water point on the day of the visit (recognizing that it may be a limited flow) in El Salvador. Data was gathered from the Water Point Data Exchange (WPDx) platform, a tool established for sharing water point data throughout the global water sector.
The goal of the Water Point Data Exchange is to simplify the way water point data is shared so all stakeholders can work more efficiently.
For more information, visit the WPDx website at https://www.waterpointdata.org/

Accessibility
Drinking water
Supply
Presence of water in 457 water points in Honduras (2013-2016)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer identifies if any water was available at the water point on the day of the visit (recognizing that it may be a limited flow) in Honduras. Data was gathered from the Water Point Data Exchange (WPDx) platform, a tool established for sharing water point data throughout the global water sector.
The goal of the Water Point Data Exchange is to simplify the way water point data is shared so all stakeholders can work more efficiently.
For more information, visit the WPDx website at https://www.waterpointdata.org/

Accessibility
Drinking water
Supply
Groundwater productivity in Africa
Authors: Archambault Gabin 
Published: July 2018

This 5 km resolution grid indicates what borehole yields (in l/s) can reasonably be expected in different hydrogeological units. The ranges indicate the approximate interquartile range of the yield of boreholes that have been sited and drilled using appropriate techniques. Groundwater productivity is given in liters per second.
Detailed description of the methodology, and a full list of data sources used to develop the layer can be found in the peer-reviewed paper available here: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009/pdf
The raster and a high resolution PDF file are available for download on the website of British Geological Survey (BGS): http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/mapsDownload.html

Groundwater
Supply
Groundwater storage in Africa
Authors: Archambault Gabin 
Published: July 2018

This 5 km resolution grid presents groundwater storage in Africa (in mm). This parameter was estimated by combining the saturated aquifer thickness and effective porosity of aquifers across Africa. For each aquifer flow/storage type an effective porosity range was assigned based on a series of studies across Africa and surrogates in other parts of the world. Groundwater storage is given in millimeters.
Detailed description of the methodology, and a full list of data sources used to develop the layer can be found in the peer-reviewed paper available here: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024009/pdf
The raster and a high resolution PDF file are available for download on the website of British Geological Survey (BGS): http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africanGroundwater/mapsDownload.html

Groundwater
Storage
Actual evapotranspiration in 2006
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the actual evapotranspiration in 2006, in million cubic meters. Volumes evapostranspirated are volumes of water that enters the atmosphere through evaporation from land and water surfaces as well as transpiration from plants.Data for other years are also available in the table.
Those estimates are provided by the Environment Statistics Section of the United Nation Statistics Division (UNSD).
For more information, visit the Environment Statistics Section website: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/default.htm. Information on the methodology can be found in the report on International Recommendations for Water Statistics: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/seriesM/seriesm_91e.pdf

Ecohydrology
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to the lack of access to handwashing facility in 2015 for 5-14 year-old males
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of total Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to the lack of access to handwashing facility in 2015, for 5 to 14 year-old males.
One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.
Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Youth
Urban Source Watersheds
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian 
Published: July 2018

This map shows the source watersheds of 534 cities.
"Although the 100 largest cities in the world occupy less than 1 percent of our planet’s land area, their source watersheds — the rivers, forests and other ecosystems from which they get their water— cover over 12 percent. [...] The availability and quality of that water supply, and hence the costs to move and treat it, depend heavily on how land in those source watersheds is used." (Nature Conservancy, 2015).
For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf
You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Basin
Drinking water
Human settlements
Surface water
Efektifitas Program Suplementasi Zat Besi pada Remaja Putri di Kota Bogor
Authors: Permatasari Tyas , Briawan Dodik , Madanijah Siti 
Published: July 2018

Prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri masih tetap tinggi. Program suplementasi besi untuk remaja putri bertujuan menurunkan prevalensi anemia, tetapi hasilnya tidak selalu sukses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas program suplementasi besi pada remaja putri di Kota Bogor. Desain yang digunakan yakni quasi experiment pre-post intervensi pada study effectiveness. Penelitian berlangsung dari September 2016 sampai Januari 2017 bersama Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bogor. Jumlah subyek penelitian yakni 172 remaja putri usia (10-18 tahun) dari 4 sekolah. Pengambilan darah di ujung jari untuk menguji kadar hemoglobin subjek dianalisis menggunakan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi anemia (Hb <12g/dl) sebelum program 20.7% dan menurun menjadi 15.2% setelah 4 bulan intervensi. Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kadar Hb, yakni status Hb awal (p<0.05;OR=3.52;CI95%=1.40-8.85). Program suplementasi besi pada remaja putri di Kota Bogor belum berjalan secara efektif.