bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective evaluation of 24 cases of gastrostomy tube usage in dogs with septic peritonitis (2009–2016)
Authors: Hansen Sonya C. , Hlusko Katelyn C. , Matz Brad M. , Bacek Lenore M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the postoperative use of gastrostomy tubes (GT) in dogs with septic peritonitis. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with GT placement and use that may be related to outcome.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐four dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis with GT placement at the time of exploratory laparotomy.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsEighteen dogs (75%) survived to discharge. Eighteen dogs (75%) had a gastrointestinal source of septic peritonitis. Complications were reported in 12/24 (50%) patients. Four dogs (16.6%) had non‐GT‐related complications such as vomiting, regurgitation, or increased gastric residual volume. GT‐related complications occurred in 8/24 (33.3%) dogs, the majority of which (6/8 [75%]) were minor and did not necessitate removal of the GT. Two dogs had major complications that required removal of the GT. Significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors were found between the length of time after placement of the GT to when they began eating and outcome (discharge versus death versus euthanasia) (P = 0.03), and GT dwell time (length of time the GT was in place) and outcome (P = 0.006). Clinically relevant correlations were found between the time after placement of the GT until feeding and time after placement until voluntarily eating (P = 0.0349), time after placement of the GT until voluntarily eating and length of hospitalization (P = 0.0391), and time after placement of the GT until feeding and length of hospitalization (P = 0.036).ConclusionsGTs can be placed during exploratory laparotomy in dogs with septic peritonitis. They facilitate early enteral nutrition and are associated with few clinically significant complications. Prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal postoperative feeding plan and the effects of early enteral nutrition on serum albumin concentration in this patient population.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy for personal recovery of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Weiliang , Zhou Yuqiu , Chai Nannan , Liu Dongwei 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundTo date, cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) trials have primarily focused on clinical recovery; however, personal recovery is actually the fundamental aspect of the recovery process. The aim of this study was to summarise and synthesise the existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of CBT for personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia.AimThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of CBT for personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA systematic search of the literature in PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane (CENTRAL), Embase and Web of Science (SCI) was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials reporting the impact of CBT interventions on personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia. The estimated effect sizes of the main study outcomes were calculated to estimate the magnitude of the treatment effects of CBT on personal recovery. We also evaluated the CBT’s effect size at the end-of-treatment and long-term (follow-up) changes in some aspects of personal recovery.ResultsTwenty-five studies were included in the analysis. The effect of CBT on personal recovery was 2.27 (95% CI 0.10 to 4.45; I2=0%; p=0.04) at post-treatment and the long-term effect size was 2.62 (95% CI 0.51 to 4.47; I2=0%; p=0.02). During the post-treatment period, the pooled effect size of CBT was 0.01 (95% CI −0.12 to 0.15; I2=33.0%; p>0.05) for quality of life (QoL), 0.643 (95% CI 0.056 to 1.130; I2=30.8%; p<0.01) for psychological health-related QoL, −1.77 (95% CI −3.29 to −0.25; I2=40%; p=0.02) for hopelessness and 1.85 (95% CI 0.69 to 3.01; I2=41%; p<0.01) for self-esteem. We also summarised the effects of CBT on QoL (subscale scores not included in the evaluation of the pooled effect size), self-confidence and connectedness, and all results corresponded to positive effects. However, there was insufficient evidence regarding the long-term effects of CBT on personal recovery.ConclusionsCBT is an effective therapy with meaningful clinical effect sizes on personal recovery and some aspects of personal recovery of schizophrenia after treatment. However, the effect is relatively immediate and rapidly decreases as time progresses. Therefore, in the future, more studies should focus on the mechanism of CBT for personal recovery and the factors that influence the long-term effects of CBT.Trial registration numberCRD42018085643.
Evaluation of text mining to reduce screening workload for injury-focused systematic reviews
Authors: Giummarra Melita J , Lau Georgina , Gabbe Belinda J 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionText mining to support screening in large-scale systematic reviews has been recommended; however, their suitability for reviews in injury research is not known. We examined the performance of text mining in supporting the second reviewer in a systematic review examining associations between fault attribution and health and work-related outcomes after transport injury.MethodsCitations were independently screened in Abstrackr in full (reviewer 1; 10 559 citations), and until no more citations were predicted to be relevant (reviewer 2; 1809 citations, 17.1%). All potentially relevant full-text articles were assessed by reviewer 1 (555 articles). Reviewer 2 used text mining (Wordstat, QDA Miner) to reduce assessment to full-text articles containing ≥1 fault-related exposure term (367 articles, 66.1%).ResultsAbstrackr offered excellent workload savings: 82.7% of citations did not require screening by reviewer 2, and total screening time was reduced by 36.6% compared with traditional dual screening of all citations. Abstrackr predictions had high specificity (83.7%), and low false negatives (0.3%), but overestimated citation relevance, probably due to the complexity of the review with multiple outcomes and high imbalance of relevant to irrelevant records, giving low sensitivity (29.7%) and precision (14.5%). Text mining of full-text articles reduced the number needing to be screened by 33.9%, and reduced total full-text screening time by 38.7% compared with traditional dual screening.ConclusionsOverall, text mining offered important benefits to systematic review workflow, but should not replace full screening by one reviewer, especially for complex reviews examining multiple health or injury outcomes.Trial registration numberCRD42018084123.
Prevalence ofMycoplasma genitaliumand macrolide resistance among asymptomatic people visiting a point of care service for rapid STI screening: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fernández-Huerta Miguel , Barberá María-Jesús , Esperalba Juliana , Fernandez-Naval Candela , Vall-Mayans Marti , Arando Maider , Serra-Pladevall Judit , Broto Claudia , Zarzuela Francesc , Rando Ariadna , Pumarola Tomas , Espasa Mateu 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesAlthough rapid screening and treatment programmes have been recently implemented to tackle STIs, testingMycoplasma genitalium(MG) among asymptomatic populations is not currently recommended due to the lack of scientific evidence and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MG and macrolide resistance among asymptomatic people visiting a point of care service for rapid STI screening and to identify risk factors associated with the acquisition of this infection.MethodsBetween October 2017 and January 2018, a total of 890 asymptomatic individuals attending to the STI screening service Drassanes Exprés in Barcelona, Spain, were tested for MG and macrolide resistance using the molecular ResistancePlus MG assay (SpeeDx, Australia). Asymptomatically infected individuals were invited to attend the STI Unit for resistance-guided antimicrobial therapy.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of MG was 7.4% (66/890; 95% CI 5.8% to 9.3%), being higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) (46/489) compared with heterosexual men and women (20/401; p=0.012). Macrolide resistance was found in 32/46 (69.6%; 95% CI 54.2% to 82.3%) MSM, while only 2/20 (10.0%; 95% CI 1.2% to 31.7%) infections among heterosexuals presented macrolide resistance-mediated mutations (p<0.001). MSM behaviour, receptive anal intercourse, HIV positive status, syphilis history and high-risk sexual activity (more than five sexual partners in the last 3 months) were significantly associated with MG infection. Furthermore, the resistance-guided therapy approach was implemented in 36/66 (54.6%) individuals.ConclusionsThe research provides further data regarding the prevalence of MG and macrolide resistance among asymptomatic individuals. It also identifies higher risk subpopulations which might be targets for MG screening. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data to justify MG testing among asymptomatic individuals and current STI guidelines should be followed until evidence shows the cost and effectiveness of screening.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibition on Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Kietzman William B. , Graham Garrett T. , Ory Virginie , Sharif Ghada M. , Kushner Max H. , Gallanis Gregory T. , Kallakury Bhaskar , Wellstein Anton , Riegel Anna T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCDK4/6 inhibitors are used in the treatment of advanced estrogen receptor (ER)(+) breast cancer. Their efficacy in ER(−) and early-stage breast cancer is currently under investigation. Here, we show that palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, can inhibit both progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and growth of invasive disease in both an ER(−) basal breast cancer model (MCFDCIS) and an ER(+) luminal model (MCF7 intraductal injection). In MCFDCIS cells, palbociclib repressed cell-cycle gene expression, inhibited proliferation, induced senescence, and normalized tumorspheres formed in Matrigel while the formation of acini by normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) was not affected. Palbociclib treatment of mice with MCFDCIS tumors inhibited their malignant progression and reduced proliferation of invasive lesions. Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor and stromal cell compartments showed that cell cycle and senescence genes, and MUC16, an ovarian cancer biomarker gene, were repressed during treatment. Knockdown of MUC16 in MCFDCIS cells inhibited proliferation of invasive lesions but not progression of DCIS. After cessation of palbociclib treatment genes associated with differentiation, for example, P63, inflammation, IFNγ response, and antigen processing and presentation remained suppressed in the tumor and surrounding stroma. We conclude that palbociclib can prevent progression of DCIS and is antiproliferative in ER(−) invasive disease mediated in part via MUC16. Lasting effects of CDK4/6 inhibition after drug withdrawal on differentiation and the immune response could impact the approach to treatment of early-stage ER(−) breast cancer.
Risk of De Novo Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Use of Direct Acting Antiviral Medications for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Antwi Samuel O. , Van Houten Holly K. , Sangaralingham Lindsey R. , Patel Tushar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are now the mainstay of treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, there is some controversy over whether use of DAAs for HCV, as compared with IFN-based regimens, leads to an increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. We investigated the association between use of DAAs and subsequent development of HCC in longitudinal data from patients with HCV from diverse backgrounds (various ages, ethnicities, and geographic regions) across the United States. The design was a retrospective study performed using medical and pharmacy claims from OptumLabs. HCV treatment exposure was categorized as DAA-only, DAA + IFN, any-DAA, or IFN-only. To account for confounding by indication, inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 5,781 patients with HCV with no history of HCC at baseline. Compared with IFN-only regimen, no significant increase in HCC risk was found for use of DAA-only (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.73–3.23), DAA + IFN (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.51–2.06), or any-DAA (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.65–1.65). When stratified by sustained virological response (SVR), we noted a higher HCC risk for DAA-only among patients who achieved SVR post-treatment (HR, 7.53; 95% CI, 1.48–38.34), but the CIs were wide, which might be due to the small sample size of the subgroups. Among those who did not achieve SVR, no association was found for use of DAA-only (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.19–1.91). These findings do not provide compelling evidence for the conception that use of DAAs for HCV is associated with increased risk of HCC development.
CD8+PD-1–ILT2+ T Cells Are an Intratumoral Cytotoxic Population Selectively Inhibited by the Immune-Checkpoint HLA-G
Authors: Dumont Clement , Jacquier Alix , Verine Jerome , Noel Floriane , Goujon Annabelle , Wu Ching-Lien , Hung Tzu-Min , Desgrandchamps François , Culine Stephane , Carosella Edgardo D. , Rouas-Freiss Nathalie , LeMaoult Joel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Only some cancer patients respond to the immune-checkpoint inhibitors being used in the clinic, and other therapeutic targets are sought. Here, we investigated the HLA-G/ILT2 checkpoint in clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients and focused on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes (TIL) expressing the HLA-G receptor ILT2. Using transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we characterized both peripheral blood and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ILT2+ T cells from cancer patients as late-differentiated CD27–CD28–CD57+ cytotoxic effectors. We observed a clear dichotomy between CD8+ILT2+ and CD8+PD-1+ TIL subsets. These subsets, which were sometimes present at comparable frequencies in TIL populations, barely overlapped phenotypically and were distinguished by expression of exclusive sets of surface molecules that included checkpoint molecules and activating and inhibitory receptors. CD8+ILT2+ TILs displayed a more mature phenotype and higher expression of cytotoxic molecules. In ex vivo functional experiments with both peripheral blood T cells and TILs, CD8+ILT2+ T cells displayed significantly higher cytotoxicity and IFNγ production than their ILT2– (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC) and PD-1+ (TILs) counterparts. HLA-G expression by target cells specifically inhibited CD8+ILT2+ T-cell cytotoxicity, but not that of their CD8+ILT2– (PBMC) or CD8+PD-1+ (TIL) counterparts, an effect counteracted by blocking the HLA-G/ILT2 interaction. CD8+ILT2+ TILs may therefore constitute an untapped reservoir of fully differentiated cytotoxic T cells within the tumor microenvironment, independent of the PD1+ TILs targeted by immune therapies, and specifically inhibited by HLA-G. These results emphasize the potential of therapeutically targeting the HLA-G/ILT2 checkpoint in HLA-G+ tumors, either concomitantly with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 or in cases of nonresponsiveness to anti–PD-1/PD-L1.
Cyclophosphamide Enhances Cancer Antibody Immunotherapy in the Resistant Bone Marrow Niche by Modulating Macrophage FcγR Expression
Authors: Roghanian Ali , Hu Guangan , Fraser Christopher , Singh Maneesh , Foxall Russell B. , Meyer Matthew J. , Lees Emma , Huet Heather , Glennie Martin J. , Beers Stephen A. , Lim Sean H. , Ashton-Key Margaret , Thirdborough Stephen M. , Cragg Mark S. , Chen Jianzhu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTherapy-resistant microenvironments represent a major barrier toward effective elimination of disseminated cancer. Many hematologic and solid tumors are resistant to therapeutic antibodies in the bone marrow (BM), but not in the periphery (e.g., spleen). We previously showed that cyclophosphamide (CTX) sensitizes the BM niche to antibody therapeutics. Here, we show that (i) BM resistance was induced not only by the tumor but also by the intrinsic BM microenvironment; (ii) CTX treatment overcame both intrinsic and extrinsic resistance mechanisms by augmenting macrophage activation and phagocytosis, including significant upregulation of activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRIII and FcγRIV) and downregulation of the inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIB; and (iii) CTX synergized with cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and trastuzumab (anti-Her2) in eliminating metastatic breast cancer in the BM of humanized mice. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which CTX synergizes with antibody therapeutics in resistant niche-specific organs and its applicability in treating BM-resident tumors.
TAM Family Receptor Kinase Inhibition Reverses MDSC-Mediated Suppression and Augments Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Melanoma
Authors: Holtzhausen Alisha , Harris William , Ubil Eric , Hunter Debra M. , Zhao Jichen , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Dehui , Liu Qingyang , Wang Xiaodong , Graham Douglas K. , Frye Stephen V. , Earp H. Shelton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMyeloid cell receptor tyrosine kinases TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK and their ligands, GAS6 and PROTEIN S, physiologically suppress innate immune responses, including in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we showed that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) dramatically upregulated TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK and their ligands [monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC)&gt;20-fold, polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSC)&gt;15-fold] in tumor-bearing mice. MDSCs from tumor-bearing Mertk−/−, Axl−/−, and Tyro3−/− mice exhibited diminished suppressive enzymatic capabilities, displayed deficits in T-cell suppression, and migrated poorly to tumor-draining lymph nodes. In coimplantation experiments using TYRO3−/−, AXL−/−, and MERTK−/− MDSCs, we showed the absence of these RTKs reversed the protumorigenic properties of MDSCs in vivo. Consistent with these findings, in vivo pharmacologic TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK inhibition diminished MDSC suppressive capability, slowed tumor growth, increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration, and augmented anti–PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Mechanistically, MERTK regulated MDSC suppression and differentiation in part through regulation of STAT3 serine phosphorylation and nuclear localization. Analysis of metastatic melanoma patients demonstrated an enrichment of circulating MERTK+ and TYRO3+ M-MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs, and early-stage MDSCs (e-MDSC) relative to these MDSC populations in healthy controls. These studies demonstrated that TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK control MDSC functionality and serve as promising pharmacologic targets for regulating MDSC-mediated immune suppression in cancer patients.
Baseline Plasma Zinc and Risk of First Stroke in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Zhang Jingping , Cao Jingjing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Huan , Zhang Hao , Huo Yong , Li Jiaang , Liu Xiangyi , Wang Xiaobin , Qin Xianhui , Xu Xiping 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to examine the relation of baseline plasma zinc with the risk of first stroke and investigate any possible effect modifiers in hypertensive patients.

Methods—
The study population was drawn from the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial), using a nested case-control design, including 599 first stroke cases and 599 matched controls.

Results—

Compared with participants with baseline plasma zinc <106.9 μg/dL (median), a significantly lower risk of first hemorrhagic stroke was found in those with plasma zinc ≥106.9 μg/dL (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21–0.94). Furthermore, the inverse plasma zinc-first hemorrhagic stroke association was significantly stronger in participants with body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m
2
or plasma copper <100.1 μg/dL at baseline (
P
interaction
<0.05 for both variables). However, there was no significant association between plasma zinc and first ischemic stroke (<103.3 versus ≥103.3 μg/dL [median]; multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.83–1.61).

Conclusions—
In this sample of hypertensive patients, we found a significant, inverse association between plasma zinc and first hemorrhagic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00794885.
Gridded Statistical Downscaling Based on Interpolation of Parameters and Predictor Locations for Summer Daily Precipitation in North China
Authors: Liu Yonghe , Feng Jinming , Yang Zongliang , Hu Yonghong , Li Jianlin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFew statistical downscaling applications have provided gridded products that can provide downscaled values for a no-gauge area as is done by dynamical downscaling. In this study, a gridded statistical downscaling scheme is presented to downscale summer precipitation to a dense grid that covers North China. The main innovation of this scheme is interpolating the parameters of single-station models to this dense grid and assigning optimal predictor values according to an interpolated predictand–predictor distance function. This method can produce spatial dependence (spatial autocorrelation) and transmit the spatial heterogeneity of predictor values from the large-scale predictors to the downscaled outputs. Such gridded output at no-gauge stations shows performances comparable to that at the gauged stations. The area mean precipitation of the downscaled results is comparable to other products. The main value of the downscaling scheme is that it can obtain reasonable outputs for no-gauge stations.
Tropical Cyclone Intensity Evolution Modeled as a Dependent Hidden Markov Process
Authors: Jing Renzhi , Lin Ning 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A hidden Markov model is developed to simulate tropical cyclone intensity evolution dependent on the surrounding large-scale environment. The model considers three unobserved (hidden) discrete states of storm intensity change and associates each state with a probability distribution of intensity change. The storm’s transit from one state to another is described as a Markov chain. Both the intensity change and state transit components of the model are dependent on environmental variables including potential intensity, vertical wind shear, relative humidity, and ocean feedback. This Markov Environment-Dependent Hurricane Intensity Model (MeHiM) is used to simulate the evolution of storm intensity along the storm track over the ocean, and a simple decay model is added to estimate the intensity change when the storm moves over land. Data for the North Atlantic (NA) basin from 1979 to 2014 (555 storms) are used for model development and evaluation. Probability distributions of 6- and 24-h intensity change, lifetime maximum intensity, and landfall intensity based on model simulations and observations compare well. Although the MeHiM is still limited in fully describing rapid intensification, it shows a significant improvement over previous statistical models (e.g., linear, nonlinear, and finite mixture models).