bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Notch Signaling in Osteoclasts Improves Bone Regeneration and Healing
Authors: Goel Peeyush N. , Moharrer Yasaman , Hebb John H. , Egol Alexander J. , Kaur Gurpreet , Hankenson Kurt D. , Ahn Jaimo , Ashley Jason W. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTOwing to the central role of osteoclasts in bone physiology and remodeling, manipulation of their maturation process provides a potential therapeutic strategy for treating bone diseases. To investigate this, we genetically inhibited the Notch signaling pathway in the myeloid lineage, which includes osteoclast precursors, using a dominant negative form of MAML (dnMAML) that inhibits the transcriptional complex required for downstream Notch signaling. Osteoclasts derived from dnMAML mice showed no significant differences in early osteoclastic gene expression compared to the wild type. Further, these demonstrated significantly lowered resorption activity using bone surfaces while retaining their osteoblast stimulating ability using ex vivo techniques. Using in vivo approaches, we detected significantly higher bone formation rates and osteoblast gene expression in dnMAML cohorts. Further, these mice exhibited increased bone/tissue mineral density compared to wild type and larger bony calluses in later stages of fracture healing. These observations suggest that therapeutic suppression of osteoclast Notch signaling could reduce, but not eliminate, osteoclastic resorption without suppression of restorative bone remodeling and, therefore, presents a balanced paradigm for increasing bone formation, regeneration, and healing. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2089–2103, 2019
Specific recognition of ribavirin in animal‐derived foods by high performance liquid chromatography combined with magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on highly selective Zr‐Fe3O4
Authors: Qie Meili , Zheng Su , Xiaoyun Bai , Bo Zhang , Guozhen Fang , Shuo Wang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor the first time, a magnetic solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography detection method using Zr functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic material to enrich ribavirin was successfully established. Zr components that modified in Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a simple one‐step hydrothermal method was selected in this work to specifically capture ribavirin by the strong chemical bonding between Zr components of Zr functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic material and cis‐hydroxyl of ribavirin, which was confirmed by pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. And Fe3O4 components were selected in this work to achieve simple operation. Under the optimal experimental conditions, proposed magnetic solid‐phase extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography detection method along with Zr functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic material offered a wide range linearity at 10–200 µg/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9978 with low detection limit of 2.68 µg/L for ribavirin. The relative standard deviations obtained from nine parallel extractions of 100 µg/L ribavirin were 4.41% and revealed good repeatability. This established method was successfully applied to detect real samples including chicken liver, egg, and shrimp with satisfactory recoveries of 74.13–92.9%.
Toughening Mechanism of Hydrophobic Association Hydrogels Reinforced by Latex Particles
Authors: Cheng Ya , Ren Xiuyan , Duan Lijie , Gao Guanghui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this investigation, the copolymer poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐PEG‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate) hydrogel is synthesized by atom transform radical polymerization and chosen as a simplified hydrophobic association hydrogel model. After adding the latex particles, hydrophobic poly(n‐butyl acrylate) segments can self‐assemble in an aqueous solution, forming a hydrogel (LP‐Gel) model with network structure. Structures of this model system are investigated by small angle X‐ray scattering. Dynamics are investigated through a combination of linear viscoelastic and creep measurements. It is found that introduction of the latex particles increases the crosslinking density and the association energy compared to the particles‐free system. This simple LP‐Gel model reveals the toughening mechanism of latex particle‐modified hydrophobic association hydrogels.
Universal Relationships in Branched Architecture Formed in Conventional and Living Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEmulsion polymerization proceeds in a unique locus of polymerization, having confined submicron space with a higher polymer concentration compared with the corresponding bulk polymerization. Assuming the ideal polymerization kinetics and a constant polymer/monomer ratio, the branched architecture formed with the coexistence of chain transfer reaction to polymer is investigated by using a Monte Carlo simulation method, both for the conventional and living free‐radical polymerization (FRP). The universal relationships, unchanged by the polymer transfer constant and the primary chain length distribution, are found for the mean‐square radius of gyration Rg2, and the maximum span length LMS. The g‐ratio of Rg2 of the branched molecule to that for a linear molecule, as well as the weight fraction of LMS chain in a polymer, as a function of the number nb of branch points per molecule does not change with the kinetic parameters, beyond the differences of conventional and living FRP. A single linear equation nicely covers the relationship between Rg2 and LMS for both the conventional and living FRP. The characteristics found in this article contain many new insights into the complex branched polymer formation that stimulate further research.
Terpolymerization of Triisopropylsilyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Butyl Acrylate: Reactivity Ratio Estimation
Authors: Yousefi Fereshteh K. , Jannesari Ali , Pazokifard Shahla , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Scott Alison J. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTernary monomer reactivity ratios of triisopropylsilyl acrylate (SiA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and n‐butyl acrylate (BA), as common monomers in self‐polishing coatings (SPCs) binders are obtained using experimental data collected from free radical bulk polymerization at 70 °C. Different terpolymerizations at low and medium‐high conversions are performed at optimized feed compositions. Estimations are made using the error‐in‐variables model (EVM) framework, applying the recast form of the Alfrey–Goldfinger (AG) model and a direct numerical integration (DNI) approach to the collected data. Estimations from individual low and medium‐high conversion data are compared to those found with the combined data (full conversion range data). The highest certainty in point estimates are obtained with analysis of the full conversion range data. Furthermore, the reactivity ratios determined from the combined data fall between those found with analysis of individual low and medium‐high conversion data, another corroboration of reliable data collection. Reactivity ratios determined from analysis of the combined data (rSiA/MMA = 0.4185, rMMA/SiA = 1.3754, rSiA/BA = 0.8739, rBA/SiA = 0.5736, rBA/MMA = 0.3692, rMMA/BA = 1.7919) are used in the recast AG model to predict cumulative terpolymer composition as a function of conversion. The experimental data and model prediction show satisfactory agreement.
On gamma estimation via matrix kriging
Authors: Yun Xin , Hong L. Jeff , Jiang Guangxin , Wang Shouyang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn financial engineering, sensitivities of derivative prices (also known as the Greeks) are important quantities in risk management, and stochastic gradient estimation methods are used to estimate them given the market parameters. In practice, the surface (function) of the Greeks with respect to the underlying parameters is much more desired, because it can be used in real‐time risk management. In this paper, we consider derivatives with multiple underlying assets, and propose three stochastic kriging‐based methods, the element‐by‐element, the importance mapping, and the Cholesky decomposition, to fit the surface of the gamma matrix that can fulfill the time constraint and the precision requirement in real‐time risk management. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Removing constraints to sustainable food production: new ways to exploit secondary metabolism from companion planting and GM
Authors: Pickett John A , Midega Charles AO , Pittchar Jimmy , Khan Zeyaur R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe entire process of agricultural and horticultural food production is unsustainable as practiced by current highly intensive industrial systems. Energy consumption is particularly intensive for cultivation, and for fertilizer production and its incorporation into soil. Provision of nitrogen contributes a major source of the greenhouse gas, N2O. All losses due to pests, diseases and weeds are of food for which the carbon footprint has already been committed and so crop protection becomes an even greater concern. The rapidly increasing global need for food and the aggravation of associated problems by the effects of climate change create a need for new and sustainable crop protection. The overall requirement for sustainability is to remove seasonal inputs, and consequently all crop protection will need to be delivered via the seed or other planting material. Although genetic modification (GM) has transformed the prospects of sustainable crop protection, considerably more development is essential for the realisation of the full potential of GM and thereby consumer acceptability. Secondary plant metabolism offers wider and perhaps more robust new crop protection via GM and can be accomplished without associated yield loss because of the low level of photosynthate diverted for plant defence by secondary metabolism. Toxic mechanisms can continue to be targeted but exploiting non‐toxic regulatory and signalling mechanisms should be the ultimate objective. There are many problems facing these proposals, both technical and social, and these are discussed but it is certainly not possible to stay where we are in terms of sustainability. The evidence for success is mounting and the technical opportunities from secondary plant metabolism are discussed here. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Temporary Right Portocaval Shunt During Piggyback Liver Transplantation
Authors: Addeo Pietro , Locicero Andrea , Faitot François , Bachellier Philippe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring piggyback liver transplantation (LT), a temporary end‐to‐side portocaval anastomosis (PCA) facilitates native total hepatectomy while maintaining hemodynamic stability. Some argue that PCA, performed on the main portal trunk (PT), might shorten the main portal vein and could cause technical difficulties during LT. We describe a temporary PCA performed on the right portal vein (R‐PCA).MethodsThe technique entails complete dissection of the main portal trunk up its right and left branches. After having ligated the left portal vein, the right is anastomosed end‐to‐side to the anterior face of the inferior vena cava. Taken down of R‐PCA, before graft‐recipient portal vein anastomosis, is achieved by stapling or suturing.ResultsAn R‐PCA has been performed in 14 over 15 planned procedures at our unit. In one case, because of intraoperative difficulties the PCA was performed on the PT.ConclusionsA temporary R‐PCA represents a feasible alternative method of portal decompression during LT. Its use can be implemented into the technical armamentarium of transplant surgeons.
Increased chalcopyrite bioleaching capabilities of extremely thermoacidophilic Metallosphaera sedula inocula by mixotrophic propagation
Authors: Ai Chenbing , Yan Zhang , Chai Hongsheng , Gu Tianyuan , Wang Junjun , Chai Liyuan , Qiu Guanzhou , Zeng Weimin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Extremely thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeota belonging to the order Sulfolobales, such as Metallosphaera sedula, are metabolically versatile and of great relevance in bioleaching. However, the impacts of extreme thermoacidophiles propagated with different energy substrates on subsequent bioleaching of refractory chalcopyrite remain unknown. Transcriptional responses underlying their different bioleaching potentials are still elusive. Here, it was first showed that M. sedula inocula propagated with typical energy substrates have different chalcopyrite bioleaching capabilities. Inoculum propagated heterotrophically with yeast extract was deficient in bioleaching; however, inoculum propagated mixotrophically with chalcopyrite, pyrite or sulfur recovered 79%, 78% and 62% copper, respectively, in 12 days. Compared with heterotrophically propagated inoculum, 937, 859 and 683 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in inoculum cultured with chalcopyrite, pyrite or sulfur, respectively, including upregulation of genes involved in bioleaching-associated metabolism, e.g., Fe2+ and sulfur oxidation, CO2 fixation. Inoculum propagated with pyrite or sulfur, respectively, shared 480 and 411 DEGs with chalcopyrite-cultured inoculum. Discrepancies on repertories of DEGs that involved in Fe2+ and sulfur oxidation in inocula greatly affected subsequent chalcopyrite bioleaching rates. Novel genes (e.g., Msed_1156, Msed_0549) probably involved in sulfur oxidation were first identified. This study highlights that mixotrophically propagated extreme thermoacidophiles especially with chalcopyrite should be inoculated into chalcopyrite heaps at industrial scale.
Deflationism and truthmaking
Authors: Simpson Matthew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper is about the relationship between truthmaking—one of the pillars of contemporary metaphysics—and deflationism about truth—one of the main contenders in the debate about truth, and a key component of the broad anti-metaphysical philosophical approach known as (contemporary) pragmatism. Many philosophers have argued that deflationism and truthmaking are incompatible or in conflict in some interesting way. Some take this to count against deflationism, others to count against truthmaking. In this paper I argue that deflationism and truthmaking are compatible in most of the ways in which they are commonly thought to be incompatible. Deflationism does not render truthmaking unintelligible, avoidable, unmotivated, or trivial. While deflationism is incompatible with certain ideas within mainstream truthmaking, I argue that these ideas result from merely optional assumptions and principles commonly accepted by mainstream truthmaker theorists.
Measuring the effectiveness of psychoeducation on adherence, depression, anxiety and stress among patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia. a control trial
Authors: Alizioti Apostolia , Lyrakos Georgios 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite evidence of the impact of depression and stress on attitudes towards medication in general medical pathology regimens, little is known of the effects of depression and stress on attitudes towards medication in schizophrenia. This study explores the effects of a hope-based psychoeducation on attitudes towards medication, depression, anxiety and stress, and predictors of attitudes towards medication. The participants in the study (n = 29) were randomly allocated to either the psychoeducation group or the control group. Results from the psychoeducation group revealed that attitudes towards medication were significantly improved and anxiety was significantly reduced. Given the small sample, which was recruited from among patients of a day mental health centre, findings should be interpreted tentatively. Being longer in pharmacotherapy, having experienced fewer occurrences of hospitalisation, and being less depressed predicted positivity towards medication. Patients in the control group did not exhibit significant change in any of the studied variables. Findings were interpreted in the light of research on stigma and insight into illness, and add modestly to literature arguing for the importance of patients’ retention of hope, empowerment and sense of control over illness. This study proposed that psychoeducation is an appropriate intervention to address a wide range of factors that compound adherence to medication and patients’ symptoms, such as patients’ interpretations of causal models, their sense of hope and control over the illness, and their insight into illness and self-stigma.
School environment, physical activity, and sleep as predictors of suicidal ideation in adolescents: Evidence from a national survey
Authors: Pfledderer Christopher D. , Burns Ryan D. , Brusseau Timothy A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionSuicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals between 10 and 34 years of age and suicidal ideation substantially increases during adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations among physical activity, sleep, and factors relating to the school environment with adolescent self‐reported rates of suicidal ideation on the 2017 National Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).MethodsA multi‐stage cluster sampling procedure was employed to yield a representative sample of US adolescents recruited from the 9th through 12th grade. The number of sampled adolescents was 18,324 with 10,125 students submitting questionnaires with useable data for this study. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to examine the predictive utility of physical activity, sleep, and factors related to the school environment with suicidal ideation, adjusting for age, sex, and BMI percentile.ResultsMeeting physical activity guidelines every day of the week (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51–0.76), hours of sleep (OR 5.46, 95% CI: 4.21–7.09), and factors relating to the school environment including bringing weapons to school (OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.24–3.41), perceived school safety (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.27–2.00), and being bullied (OR 3.23, 95% CI: 2.71–3.87) and buying illegal drugs at school (OR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.63–2.27) all significantly independently predicted suicidal ideation.ConclusionsPhysical activity, sleep, and the school environment significantly predict suicidal ideation among this national sample of adolescents. These factors should be considered when designing interventions or programs to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among adolescents.
P.055 A clinical pathway of combined EEG monitoring in high-risk critically ill neonates
Authors: Mendelsohn R , Pohl D , Mabilangan K , Lemyre B 
Published: June 2019

Background: overtreatment of neonatal seizures may result in neurological morbidity. aEEG, despite low sensitivity, is widely used, for ease of bedside interpretation. vEEG, is a limited resource needing expert interpretation. We hypothesize that using aEEG combined with vEEG will increase the sensitivity and specificity of seizure detection and reduce anti-convulsants use compared to aEEG alone. Methods: Prospective cohort of neonates admitted to CHEO NICU with suspected seizures between April 1st 2018 to present. Seizures (clinical/aEEG) were documented by bedside clinicians and compared to the vEEG. Bedside clinicians could call a neurologist for remote review of the vEEG. Outcomes include concordance of aEEG and vEEG events and number of episodes where management was changed based on both readings Results: 27 patients had both modalities recording simultaneously. No seizure was identified by either modality in 23 recordings. Seizures were identified in 4 vEEG recordings; the aEEG partially identified these seizures.aEEG specificity of 0.87, negative predictive value 0.8, sensitivity 0.44 and positive predictive value 0.57Bedside clinician contacted a neurologist 9 times; in 2 cases, this prevented unnecessary treatment.Conclusions: In this small sample, aEEG had good specificity for ruling out seizures, but low sensitivity for detecting them. The new combined pathway may prevent unnecessary treatment.
P.103 When a neurosurgeon should care about pneumonia: the case for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients
Authors: de Lotbiniere-Bassett M , Dhillon M , Boiteau PJ , Couillard P 
Published: June 2019

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic interstitial fungal pneumonia. The incidence of PJP in HIV-positive populations is decreasing, while it is increasing in HIV-negative immunocompromised populations, such as neurosurgical patients treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Morbidity and mortality can be severe owing to acute respiratory failure. Methods: Two cases are described and a literature review performed to determine the incidence of PJP in the neurosurgery population. A standardized care pathway is proposed to reduce preventable harm. Results: Long-term, high-dose corticosteroid regimens (≥4 mg dexamethasone daily for ≥4 weeks) with taper are associated with increased risk of PJP infection. Additional risk factors for infection in HIV-negative patients include CNS malignancy and concurrent radiation therapy. TMP-SMX is the first-line agent for PJP prophylaxis. Conclusions: Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion of PJP and adopt a standardized protocol for prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients treated with high-dose corticosteroids.
The breeding season of some littoral ascidians in Scottish waters
Authors: Millar R. H. 
Published: June 2019

In previous papers (Millar, 1952; 1954a; 1954*0 I have dealt with the re-productive cycle of several ascidians in Scottish waters, and in the present account observations are extended to other species.The course of breeding was studied in the following species. Family Polyclinidae:Sidnyum turbinatum Savigny, Aplidium nordmanni (Milne Edwards), A.punctum (Giard), A.pallidum (Verrill) and Polyclinum aurantium Milne Edwards. Family Didemnidae:Didemnum candidum Savigny and Lissoclinum argyllense Millar. Family Clavelinidae: Clavelina lepadiformis (Müller).
Brief emotional screening in oncology: Specificity and sensitivity of the emotion thermometers in the Portuguese cancer population
Authors: Teixeira Ricardo João , Machado José C. , Faria Sara , Remondes-Costa Sónia , Brandão Tânia , Branco Margarida , Moreira Sara , Pereira M. Graça 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the cutoff and the specificity and sensitivity of the Emotion Thermometers (ET) in a Portuguese sample of cancer patients.MethodA total of 147 patients (mean age = 49.2; SD = 12.6) completed the ET, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the Subjective Experiences of Illness Suffering Inventory. Data were collected in a cancer support institution and in a major hospital in the North of Portugal.ResultThe optimal cutoff for the Anxiety Thermometer was 5v6 (until 5 and 6 or more), which identified 74% of the BSI-anxiety cases and 70% of noncases. The Depression Thermometer cutoff was 4v5 (until 4 and 5 or more), which identified 85% of BSI-depression cases and 82% of noncases. Cutoff for the Anger Thermometer was 4v5 (until 4 and 5 or more), which identified 83% of BSI-hostility cases and 73% of noncases; for the Distress Thermometer, the optimal cutoff was 4v5 (until 4 and 5 or more), which identified 84% of the suffering cases and 73% of noncases. Finally, for the Help Thermometer, it was 3v4 (until 3 and 4 or more), which helped to identify 93% of the suffering cases and 64% of noncases.Significance of resultsResults supported the Portuguese version of the ET as an important screening tool for identifying the emotional distress in cancer patients.