bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and other drug prevention for older adolescents: It's a no brainer
Authors: Debenham Jennifer , Newton Nicola , Birrell Louise , Askovic Mina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOlder adolescence represents a critical period of brain development whereby the prefrontal cortex, responsible for higher level thinking and emotional regulation, is under construction. During this period, the brain is wired to underestimate risk and overestimate pleasure, which primes young people towards risky, pleasure‐oriented experiences. Substance use during this time can hinder brain maturation and lead to development related disorders. However, young people are the most likely to drink at risky quantities, use cannabis, MDMA and cocaine in the previous 12 months than any other age group. Despite this, there are no validated, age‐appropriate prevention programs targeting school leavers, which leaves a group of young people to navigate a landscape where drug use is the most common, without formal support. Drug and alcohol prevention programs should be developed for this age group that combine features of universal prevention programs and targeted intervention programs to support the wider range of drug use behaviours relevant to this older audience. This article outlines potential evidence‐based strategies that programs could focus on in the future.
Predictors and reasons for starting and sustaining quit attempts in a national cohort of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers
Authors: Thomas David P. , Lyons Louise , Borland Ron 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe national prevalence of daily smoking among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population is 39% but falling. We explore factors associated with starting and sustaining quit attempts, and reasons given for quitting.Design and MethodsWe analysed data from the nationally representative quota sample of 759 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults who reported smoking at least weekly in the Talking About The Smokes baseline survey (April 2012–October 2013) who completed a follow‐up survey a year later (August 2013–August 2014).ResultsHaving made more quit attempts, more recent quit attempts in the past, motivational attitudes, having been encouraged to quit by a health professional and having noticed tobacco advertising were associated with making a quit attempt between surveys. Having made longer quit attempts in the past, non‐daily smoking and quit self‐efficacy were associated with sustaining abstinence. But neither having made more quit attempts in the past nor dependence was associated with sustaining abstinence. Health concerns, price and setting an example to children were the most common reasons given by smokers and ex‐smokers for quitting.Discussion and ConclusionsDifferent factors predict making and sustaining quit attempts among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers. We need to rethink current messages that just encourage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers to keep making quit attempts by increasing motivation to quit, as motivation and making more quit attempts does not predict eventual success. We could focus more on increasing smokers’ confidence that they can successfully quit.
Opposite responses to aversive stimuli in lateral habenula neurons
Authors: Congiu Mauro , Trusel Massimo , Pistis Marco , Mameli Manuel , Lecca Salvatore 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAppropriate behavioural strategies to cope with unexpected salient stimuli require synergistic neuronal responses in diverse brain regions. Among them, the epithalamic lateral habenula (LHb) plays a pivotal role in processing salient stimuli of aversive valence. Integrated in the complex motivational circuit, LHb neurons are indeed excited by aversive stimuli, including footshock (Fs). However, whether such excitation is a common feature represented throughout the LHb remains unclear. Here, we combined single‐unit extracellular recordings in anaesthetized mice with juxtacellular labelling to describe the nature, location and pharmacological properties of Fs‐driven responses within the LHb. We find that, along with Fs‐excited cells, about 10% of LHb neurons display Fs‐mediated inhibitory responses. Such inhibited neuronal population, in contrast to Fs‐excited neurons, display regular and high frequency activity at baseline and is clustered in the medial portion of the LHb. Juxtacellular labelling of Fs‐excited and inhibited neurons unravels that both populations are of glutamatergic type, as they co‐localized with the EAAC1 glutamatergic transporter but not with the GAD67 GABAergic marker. Moreover, while the excitatory responses to Fs require both AMPA and NMDA receptors, the inhibitory responses rely instead on GABAA channels. Taken together, our results indicate that two functionally and partly segregated LHb neuronal ensembles encode Fs in an opposite fashion. This highlights the neuronal complexity in the LHb for processing aversive external stimuli.
Sustainable effects of gypsum from desulphurization of flue gas on the reclamation of sodic soil after 17 years
Authors: Zhao Yonggan , Wang Shujuan , Li Yan , Zhuo Yuqun , Liu Jia 
Published: March 2019

Reclamation of saline–sodic soils with gypsum from the desulphurization of flue gas (FGD) is a recently developed technique. However, limited information is available on the long‐term effects of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields. This study evaluated the effects of FGD gypsum on soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations after 17 years. Established in 2001, the study site on the Tumochuan Plain of Inner Mongolia, China, has a sandy loam soil. The experimental field was divided into three classes characterized by small, medium and large exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values before the experiment. Based on the initial soil ESP values (6.1–20, 20–30 and 30–78.4%, respectively), FGD gypsum was applied once at rates of 20.9, 30.6 and 59.3 t ha−1 to the small‐, medium‐ and large‐ESP classes, respectively. Compared with the control plots, the treated plots showed decreases in soil pH of 9.8 and 7.5% and decreases in ESP of 52.7 and 46.6% at the 20–40‐cm and 40–60‐cm depths, respectively. The treated plots showed remarkable decreases in electrical conductivity at the 20–60‐cm depth in the small‐ESP class, but moderate increases at the 0–20‐cm depth in the medium‐ and large‐ESP classes. The dissolved salt composition changed, with substantially larger Ca2+ and SO42− but smaller CO32− + HCO3− concentrations in the treated plots than in the control plots. The treated plots showed increases in the macroaggregate fractions (>250 μm) and decreases in the silt–clay fractions (<53 μm). There were no significant differences in the heavy metal (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) concentrations among the plots; thus, the use of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields is safe. The beneficial effects of FGD gypsum on the reclamation of sodic soils remained and were concentrated deeper in the soil after 17 years.Highlights

Limited information is available on the lasting effects of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields.
The long‐term effects of FGD gypsum on soil physicochemical properties are reported for the first time.
The beneficial effects of FGD gypsum on soil reclamation extended to the 20–60‐cm soil layers.
The use of FGD gypsum in agricultural fields was safe, and the effects lasted many years.
Meta‐analysis of post‐release fishing mortality in apex predatory pelagic sharks and white marlin
Authors: Musyl Michael K. , Gilman Eric L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRobust assessments of the effects of fishing require accounting for components of fishing mortality, including post‐release fishing mortality (Fr). Random‐effects meta‐analysis synthesizedFrin seven pelagic shark species captured, tagged and released with 401 pop‐up satellite archival tags compiled from 33 studies and three gears (longline, purse‐seine, rod & reel). The majority ofFroutcomes occurred within days of release, and the summary effect size forFrwas 0.27 [95%CI: 0.19–0.36], ranging from a low pooled effect size of 0.17 for blue shark (Prionace glauca,Carcharhinidae) to 0.38 (silky shark,Carcharhinus falciformis,Carcharhinidae).Frrates in blue shark were consistent over dissimilar spatial and temporal scales, and results from earlier meta‐analysis were replicated, which is the most powerful way to authenticate results. Condition at tagging was a strong predictor, and dichotomized survival outcomes in silky shark and no sex‐, size‐, location‐ or gear‐specificFrrates were demonstrated. Meta‐analyses and sensitivity analyses indicated exposure to risk factors and conditions whilst caught on the gear probably had the largest explanatory effect onFr, rather than stressors incurred during handling and release. Records from 549 tagged istiophorid billfishes (six species, three gears, 43 studies) demonstrated they are more robust to stressors sustained during capture, handling and release than pelagic sharks. Findings from previous meta‐analysis onFrrates in white marlin (Kajikia albida,Istiophoridae) were replicated. SynthesizedFrrates enable prioritizing approaches to mitigate by‐catch fishing mortality, to improve the quality of stock and ecological risk assessments and to expand our knowledge of factors influencing trophic structure.
Redundant and Nonredundant Information for Model Calibration or Hydraulic Tomography
Authors: Wen Jet‐Chau , Chen Jyun‐Lin , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Wang Yu‐Li , Huang Shao‐Yang , Tian Zhong , Yu Chia‐Yii 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDrawdown data from independent pumping tests have widely been used to validate the estimated hydraulic parameters from inverse modeling or hydraulic tomography (HT). Yet, the independent pumping test has not been clearly defined. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to define this independent pumping test concept, based on the redundant or nonredundant information about aquifer heterogeneity embedded in the observed heads during cross‐hole pumping tests. The definition of complete, moderate redundancy and high nonredundancy of information are stipulated using cross‐correlation analysis of the relationship between the head and heterogeneity. Afterward, data from numerical experiments and field sequential pumping test campaigns reinforce the concept and the definition.
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis with hemobilia induced by pembrolizumab: Case report and review of published work
Authors: Koya Yudai , Shibata Michihiko , Shinohara Nobuhiko , Nebuya Satoru , Oe Shinji , Honma Yuichi , Senju Michio , Sato Naoko , Harada Masaru 
Published: March 2019

A 66‐year‐old man was admitted to our department due to cholestatic liver injury. He had received five cycles of pembrolizumab for small‐cell lung cancer. Imaging showed the possibility of sclerosing cholangitis (SC) with hemobilia. Histologically, CD8+ T cells had infiltrated the biliary epithelium of the extrahepatic bile duct. We reached the diagnosis of secondary SC induced by pembrolizumab. Although we treated him with high‐dose corticosteroids, laboratory data showed only a moderate response. Clinicians should recognize that immune checkpoint inhibitors can sometimes cause severe and irreversible SC.
TOPOLOGIES OF HISTORY
Authors: MALPAS JEFF 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHistory, it is routinely assumed, belongs primarily to time and the temporal. Yet although routine, the assumption is nevertheless mistaken. It is place or topos, which encompasses both time and space (and that is intimately tied to the notion of bound or limit), that is primary here, and so history has to be understood as determined topologically, and not merely temporally. The exploration and elaboration of this claim involves rethinking the ideas of time, space, and place as well as of language and narrative. History appears in its adventual character, but its adventuality is itself seen as a happening of place.
RESEARCH, NARRATIVE, AND REPRESENTATION: A POSTNARRATIVE APPROACH
Authors: JANSEN HARRY 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNarrativism or representationalism is founded on the idea that historical narratives and representations are 1) true and indivisible wholes, whereof 2) the truth needs to be maintained, although a narrativist or representationalist whole cannot be confirmed or disconfirmed, and wherein 3) the past is represented in a figurative sense. These fundamental aspects of narrativism have had a positive impact on historiography, but they are also the three reasons why narrativism has neglected historical research and argumentation. To remedy these problems postnarrativism has been evoked. It opts for presentation instead of representation, cutting through all the links between the past and the historiographical product. The product is not a narrative or a representation but a thesis, a proposal to see the past in a special way. The only element postnarrativism wants to retain of narrativism is colligation because it has an argumentative structure based on epistemic values. Postnarrativism leads to knowledge, built on the practice of warranted assertions instead of truth.My postnarrativism chooses a middle course between a strong narrativism and what I would like to call a “weak,” presentational postnarrativism. I agree with postnarrativists that more attention must be paid to argumentation and research. Moreover, I consider time a neglected issue in narrativism. Nevertheless, I don't want to give up the three above‐mentioned fundamental aspects of it. In my view the assumption of truth with regard to (figurative) representation needs to be maintained, but in a pragmatic, provisional form: a historical narrative or representation can be considered as true as long as it has not been replaced by a better one. Retaining truth and holism, but wanting more room for investigation and argumentation, requires that narrativism's role in historical research and history‐writing be revised. This implies the replacement of the usual research phase by a preparation phase, wherein, next to research, space must be reserved for so‐called writing activities. Preparation means the conversion of a germinal narrative or representation into an accomplished whole. Holism occurs in two representational forms: a narrative and a representation. In both forms, research concepts and the associated temporalities become visible under the surface of the narrativist or representational superstructure.
The Presence and involvement of interleukin‐17 in apical periodontitis
Authors: Xiong H. , Wei L. , Peng B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractApical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periapical tissue inflammation and destruction of the associated alveolar bone. It is caused by microbial infections within the root canal and the resultant host immune responses in the periapical tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐17 has been shown to play an important role in many inflammatory diseases. There is increasing evidence of the presence of IL‐17 in AP, which might be associated with disease pathogenesis. Moreover, several animal studies indicate the potential role of IL‐17 in periapical inflammation and the resultant bone resorption in AP. This article reviews recent studies regarding the collective in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence of the presence and involvement of IL‐17 in AP. A search related to IL‐17 in apical periodontitis was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keywords and controlled vocabulary. Two independent reviewers first screened titles and abstracts and then the full texts that were included. A total of 25 papers were identified, of the 25 included articles, 7 involved laboratory studies on cell cultures, 11 involved animal experimentations, and 7 were observational studies using human clinical samples. In conclusion, evidence for the presence of IL‐17 in AP from human and animal models is clear. However, there is relatively little information currently available that would highlight the specific role of IL‐17 in AP.
Effects of in situ synthesis of CNTs/SiCw on microstructure and properties of Al2O3–SiC–C composites
Authors: Gong Wei , Li Xiangcheng , Chen Pingan , Wen Zeyu , Fang Binxiang , Zhu Boquan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAl2O3–SiC–C composites were prepared using tabular corundum, ball pitch and silicon carbide as the main raw materials. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SiC whiskers (SiCw) were in situ synthesized and their effects on the thermo–mechanical properties of Al2O3–SiC–C composites have been studied. The experimental results indicated that the high yield of SiCw and CNTs with large aspect ratio could be obtained due to addition of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as catalyst in the composites. The cold modulus of rupture values were increased by 24% to 7.2 MPa, and the flexural modulus was increased from 19 GPa to 24 GPa. Additionally, the hot modulus of rupture reached a maximum value of 3.6 MPa, which presented a 71% increase over that of composites without catalyst. After three thermal shock cycles, the residual cold crush strength was improved from 57.1% to 76.9%. It is believed that the enhancement in the thermo‐mechanical properties of Al2O3–SiC–C composites could be attributed to the reinforcement effect of SiCw and CNTs.
History of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry: A 50‐year perspective
Authors: Gelbier Stanley , Kupietzky Ari , Tsai Anthony Tzong‐Ping 
Published: March 2019

This paper demonstrates how the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD) arose from small beginnings in 1967. What started as an International Forum on Child Dental Health in London grew to become first the International Association of Dentistry for Children and then the outstanding IAPD with biennial Congresses, regional meetings, cooperation with other children's organizations, Teach the Teachers programmes, a wonderful website, and this International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. There are now 70 national member societies worldwide representing over 16 000 members with a single interest: to further the oral health care of children. It is a truly remarkable achievement.
Strong and tough ZrB2 materials using a heterogeneous ceramic–metal layered architecture
Authors: Bai Yuhang , Ma Yiyuan , Sun Mengyong , Fan Shangwu , Cheng Laifei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZrB2‐SiCw ceramic sheets produced by tape casting and tailored ductile Ti foil were alternatively stacked and sintered by spark plasma to synthesize a multi‐layered ceramic. Following mechanical processing, a high flexural strength (621 MPa) and fracture toughness (15.3 MPa·m1/2) in uniaxial tension were achieved in comparison to laminated ceramics with a weak BN interlayer. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed a characteristic macroscopic heterogeneous lamella as well as a three‐tier microstructured interface, termed the L‐T structure. This novel structure provides a new path for the development of ceramic/metal layered composites with superior mechanical properties in the near future.
Social effects of territorial neighbours on the timing of spring breeding in North American red squirrels
Authors: Fisher David N. , Wilson Alastair J. , Boutin Stan , Dantzer Ben , Lane Jeffrey E. , Coltman David W. , Gorrell Jamie C. , McAdam Andrew G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganisms can affect one another's phenotypes when they socially interact. Indirect genetic effects occur when an individual's phenotype is affected by genes expressed in another individual. These heritable effects can enhance or reduce adaptive potential, thereby accelerating or reversing evolutionary change. Quantifying these social effects is therefore crucial for our understanding of evolution, yet estimates of indirect genetic effects in wild animals are limited to dyadic interactions. We estimated indirect phenotypic and genetic effects, and their covariance with direct effects, for the date of spring breeding in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) living in an array of territories of varying spatial proximity. Additionally, we estimated indirect effects and the strength of selection at low and high population densities. Social effects of neighbours on the date of spring breeding were different from zero at high population densities but not at low population densities. Indirect phenotypic effects accounted for a larger amount of variation in the date of breeding than differences attributable to the among‐individual variance, suggesting social interactions are important for determining breeding dates. The genetic component to these indirect effects was however not statistically significant. We therefore showcase a powerful and flexible method that will allow researchers working in organisms with a range of social systems to estimate indirect phenotypic and genetic effects, and demonstrate the degree to which social interactions can influence phenotypes, even in a solitary species.
Use of extracted anterior teeth as provisional restorations and surgical guide for immediate multiple implant placement: A clinical case report
Authors: Ladino Luis G. , Rosselli Diego 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this article is to describe the use of natural anterior teeth as a surgical guide to implant placement and provisional restoration for a young patient with root resorption of upper central incisors and left‐lateral incisor.Clinical considerationsAchieving soft tissue esthetics is quite a challenge in implant dentistry. Here, a case of immediate implant placement using the natural teeth of the patient as an immediate provisional restoration, which achieves satisfactory results in terms of soft tissue architecture.ConclusionsPost‐extraction implant placement in combination with immediate loading of dental implants has been evolving into an appropriate procedure for the treatment of partially edentulous anterior maxilla. Different techniques that include use of the own teeth as provisional implant supported restoration helps to maintain architecture of gingival contour, specially papilla.Clinical significanceNatural architecture of anterior soft tissue is a big challenge in implant dentistry. Use of natural teeth as a surgical guide and provisional restorations might be helpful to obtain an optimal outcome.
Selection and characterization of ssDNA aptamers specifically recognizing pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Mingzhu , Su Hongfei , Xiao Hehe , Wu Siting , Qin Xianling , Li Siqiao , Mi Huizhi , Lu Zijun , Shi Deqiang , Li Pengfei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) is a major opportunistic pathogen to both marine animals and humans, which has also caused heavy economic losses to mariculture. The aim of this study was to develop highly specific aptamers for V. alginolyticus. Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers with high binding affinity to viable V. alginolyticus were generated by Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) and identified by flow cytometric analysis in this study. The selected aptamers showed high specificity for V. alginolyticus and low apparent binding for other bacteria. The aptamers formed distinct stem‐loop structures, which could form the basis of aptamers’ specific binding to the target V. alginolyticus. Aptamer VA2 and VA8 showed particularly high binding affinity constant (Kd) of 14.31 ± 4.26 and 90.00 ± 13.51 nM, respectively. The aptamers produced no cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo. ssDNA aptamers were successfully selected against the viable bacteria pathogen V. alginolyticus by SELEX. The aptamers selected in this study could be not only applied as specific chemical molecular probes for studying V. alginolyticus pathogenesis to Trachinotus ovatus, but also developing rapid convenient diagnosis assay for V. alginolyticus infection, even when applied to the complex sample matrix, such as food and environment samples.