bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Palsy‐Specific Quality of Life in 920 Patients: Correlation With Clinician‐Graded Severity and Predicting Factors
Authors: Tavares‐Brito Joana , van Veen Martinus M. , Dusseldorp Joseph R. , Bahmad Fayez , Hadlock Tessa A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between facial palsy severity and quality of life in a broad cohort of facial palsy patients and to elucidate factors that influence this relationship.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsRecords of patients presenting with a clinician‐graded facial function (eFACE) and facial palsy‐specific quality‐of‐life patient‐reported outcome measure (FaCE) scale from the same moment were reviewed. Multiple linear regression was performed to study the effect of various variables on FaCE total score.ResultsA total of 920 of 1,304 patients were included, 59.9% female with a mean (standard deviation) age of 48.6 (16.7) years and a median (interquartile range palsy duration of 9.6 [2.2; 42.2] months. A multiple linear regression model predicting FaCE total score was established, finding 10 significant variables: eFACE; viral, malignant, and congenital etiologies; overweight status; anxiety; chronic pain; previous treatment; radiotherapy; and duration of palsy (R2 = 0.261, P < 0.001). Gender, age, laterality, surgical etiology, depression, and timing of evaluation (at initial intake or at follow up) were not found to predict FaCE total scores.ConclusionA correlation between facial palsy severity and quality of life was found in a large cohort of patients comprising various etiologies. Additionally, novel factors that predict quality of life in facial palsy were revealed. This information may help specialists to predict which facial palsy patients are at higher risk of a poorer quality of life, regardless of severity.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:100–104, 2019
Examining contradictory evidence on racial/ethnic differences in perceived need for behavioral health treatment
Authors: Breslau Joshua , Stein Bradley D. , Burns Rachel M. , Collins Rebecca L. , Han Bing , Yu Hao , Mojtabai Ramin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe study aims to investigate apparently contradictory evidence regarding racial/ethnic differences in perceived need for behavioral health treatment in two prominent surveys of the U.S. population, the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS‐R) and the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).MethodsThe two surveys were compared with respect to two components of perceived need: service use and perceived need among the untreated. Logistic regression models were estimated to adjust comparisons for demographic characteristics. Comparisons were conducted in samples representing the entire population, without selection on a mental health assessment, and for samples meeting criteria for lifetime major depression.ResultsThe surveys are concordant with respect to racial/ethnic differences in service use and discordant with respect to perceived need among the untreated. For instance, among untreated individuals, the odds of perceiving a need for treatment are significantly higher in Blacks than Whites in the NCS‐R (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.1, 2.9]) but do not differ between these groups in the NSDUH (OR = 0.9, 95% CI [0.7, 1.2]). Temporal trends do not appear to explain this discordance.ConclusionAssessments of racial/ethnic differences in perceived need among untreated individuals are affected by methodological differences across surveys. Resolving contradictory evidence is critical to efforts to reduce racial/ethnic disparities.
Detection of microscopic diffusion anisotropy in human cortical gray matter in vivo with double diffusion encoding
Authors: Lawrenz Marco , Finsterbusch Jürgen 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo detect microscopic diffusion anisotropy in human cortical gray matter in vivo with double diffusion encoding experiments.MethodsDouble diffusion encoding experiments were performed on a 3 T whole‐body MR system using echo‐planar imaging. Angular double diffusion encoding measurements were acquired with 8 × 8 and 12 × 12 planar direction combinations and were analyzed in three regions of interest containing white matter, mostly cortical gray matter, and one having significant contributions from cerebrospinal fluid. Inversion with variable recovery times served to estimate and eliminate white matter partial volume effects. To investigate the influence of magnetic field inhomogeneities, experiments with gradient offsets and cross‐term compensated diffusion weightings were performed. The MA index, a rotationally invariant measure of the microscopic diffusion anisotropy, was determined from measurements with 96 direction combinations.ResultsThe angular signal modulation in the gray matter region of interest has two components, one being consistent, inter alia, with cross terms with field inhomogeneities while the other represents a signal difference between parallel/antiparallel and orthogonal direction combinations, ie, the fingerprint of microscopic diffusion anisotropy. Based on the amplitudes and their dependency on the inversion time, white matter partial volumes can be excluded as the sole source for this modulation, providing strong evidence for the detection of microscopic diffusion anisotropy in cortical gray matter. MA maps of healthy volunteers show considerably lower values in cortical gray matter compared with white matter.ConclusionMicroscopic diffusion anisotropy can be measured in human cortical brain matter, which could help to characterize the microstructure of healthy and pathological tissue.
Use of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Sarav Menaka , Friedman Allon N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) is a form of supplemental nutrition used to treat patients with malnutrition who receive hemodialysis. Once the diagnosis of malnutrition is made in such patients, encouragement of oral intake is the first‐line treatment. If this fails, then enteral or parenteral nutrition may be needed. This review examines the literature on the use of IDPN and summarizes the current recommendations. There is considerable controversy over indications and benefits of IDPN, and well‐controlled, long‐term studies are needed to help tease out these issues. In the interim, clinical judgment should be used when considering IDPN for individual patients.
Full Eulerian deformable solid‐fluid interaction scheme based on building‐cube method for large‐scale parallel computing
Authors: Nishiguchi Koji , Bale Rahul , Okazawa Shigenobu , Tsubokura Makoto 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe propose a full Eulerian incompressible solid‐fluid interaction scheme capable of achieving high parallel efficiency and easily generating meshes for complex solid geometries. While good scalability of a full Eulerian solid‐fluid interaction formulation has been reported by Sugiyama et al, their analysis was carried out using uniform Cartesian mesh and an artificial compressibility method. Typically, it is more challenging to achieve good scalability for hierarchical Cartesian meshes and a fully incompressible formulation. In addition, the conventional full Eulerian methods require a large computational cost to resolve complex solid geometries due to the usage of uniform Cartesian meshes. In an attempt to overcome the aforementioned issues, we employ the building‐cube method, where the computational domain is divided into cubic regions called cubes. Each cube is divided at equal intervals, the same number of cubes is assigned to each core, and the spatial loop processing is executed for each cube. The numerical method is verified by computing five numerical examples. In the weak scaling test, the parallel efficiency at 32768 cores with 32 cores as a reference is 93.6%. In the strong scaling test, the parallel efficiency at 32768 cores with 128 cores as a reference is 70.2%.
Burkitt lymphoma in Iraqi children: A distinctive form of sporadic disease with high incidence of EBV+ cases and more frequent expression of MUM1/IRF4 protein in cases with head and neck presentation
Authors: Uccini Stefania , Al‐Jadiry Mazin F. , Cippitelli Claudia , Talerico Caterina , Scarpino Stefania , Al‐Darraji Amir F. , Al‐Badri Safaa A. F. , Alsaadawi Adel R. , Al‐Hadad Salma A. , Ruco Luigi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related lymphoproliferative disorders are relatively common in Iraqi children. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) accounted for 40% of lymphoma cases. The mean age of 125 BL cases was 5.9 ± 3.1 years, and the male‐to‐female ratio was 3.6:1. Clinical presentation was abdominal in 66% and head and neck in 34%. Bone marrow involvement was higher (P < 0.001) in children with head and neck disease. Tumor cells had MYC translocation (96%) and were CD20+/CD10+/MYC+/BCL2−. MUM1/IRF4 staining was expressed by a fraction of tumor cells in 19 of 125 cases (15%) and was more frequent (P < 0.007) in head and neck disease (12/42; 29%). EBV‐encoded RNA was positive in 100 of 125 (80%) BL cases.
Significance of CNS 2 cerebrospinal fluid status post‐induction in pediatric and adolescent patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gurunathan Arun , Desai Ami V. , Bailey L. Charles , Li Yimei , Choi John K. , Rheingold Susan R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAt diagnosis, there are prognostic implications of low‐level leukemic blasts (CNS 2) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the significance of post‐induction CNS 2 results and the impact of equipment on CNS 2 prevalence have not been well studied.ProcedureA single‐institution retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the outcome of patients with ≥1 post‐induction CNS 2. A subanalysis compared the proportion of CNS 2 CSF results using 2 different cytocentrifuges; the Shandon Cytospin used from 2005 to 2008 and the Wescor Cytopro used from 2010 to 2014.ResultsOver 4500 post‐induction CSF samples were analyzed, of which 59 were CNS 2. In covariate‐adjusted analyses, post‐induction CNS 2 did not significantly increase relapse risk. The proportion of CNS 2 results increased 4.3‐fold in noninfants and 6.3‐fold in infants using the Wescor Cytopro. Cytocentrifuge machine did not affect CNS 3 prevalence.ConclusionsThese findings support our current practice of not changing management based on a post‐induction CNS 2 CSF and highlight how equipment changes can significantly influence testing results. More data are needed to analyze relapse by subpopulations, such as those with repeated CNS 2 findings.
Prevalence and nature of hearing loss in a cohort of children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Towerman Alison S. , Hayashi Susan S. , Hayashi Robert J. , Hulbert Monica L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) may cause injury to any organ, including the auditory system. Although the association of SCD and hearing loss has been described, the nature of this complication is unknown. We sought to establish the prevalence and nature of hearing loss in a referred cohort of children with SCD and to identify correlating disease‐ or treatment‐associated factors.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective review of patients with SCD < 22 years of age who had hearing evaluations between August 1990 and December 2014. Demographics, audiograms, and disease and treatment variables were analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred and ten audiograms among 81 patients were reviewed, and 189 were evaluable. Seventy‐two children constituted the referred cohort. Fourteen (19.4%) had hearing loss documented on at least one audiogram. Seven (9.7%) patients had only conductive hearing loss, and the loss persisted for up to 10.3 years. The median age of first identification was eight years. Six (8.3%) patients had hearing loss that was at least partially sensorineural. One patient's hearing loss was ambiguous. All sensorineural hearing losses were unilateral and 4/6 patients had prior documented normal hearing, indicating acquired loss. No correlations were identified.ConclusionsBoth conductive and sensorineural hearing losses are more prevalent in our study population than those observed in the general pediatric population. In children with SCD, sensorineural hearing loss appears to be acquired and unilateral. Conductive hearing loss was identified in older children and can persist. Serial screening is needed for early detection and more prompt intervention in this population.
Vanadium‐Sensitized Photon Upconversion of Lanthanide Ions (Er, Tm, Ho, Eu, Nd) in Yb3Al5O12 for In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Niu Wenbin , Wang Yunpeng , Wu Suli , Zhang Shufen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhoton upconversion of oxides nanomaterials have attracted broad attentions on account of their high stability and cost‐effective fabrication process. However, the relative low emission intensity caused by nonradiative decay severely limits their applications. Here, a new strategy to enhance upconversion emission of oxides through vanadium sensitization is reported, in which efficient emissions can be achieved via Yb–VO43− dimer‐mediated energy migration for a wide range of lanthanide activators (including Er, Tm, Ho, Eu, and Nd) in Yb3Al5O12 system. Interestingly, the resulting oxide nanocrystals demonstrate remarkable upconversion enhancement compared with their vanadium‐undoped counterparts, for example, an enhancement factor of 580 is reached for green emission of Er. More importantly, efficient upconversion luminescence can be realized for the activators (such as Eu and Nd ions) without long‐lived intermediary energy states. Considering the demonstration of in vivo bioimaging by using these nanocrystals after surface modification, it is anticipated that these results can bring new opportunities to oxide upconversion nanomaterials in bioassay, therapy, sensing, and other aspects.
Computational exploration of Pd‐catalyzed C–H bond activation reactions
Authors: Yang Yun‐Fang , She Yuanbin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuantum chemistry is widely used to the mechanistic studies of organic and organometallic reactions. In this Review, we described the various mechanisms of palladium‐catalyzed C–H bond activation reactions, including oxidative addition, σ‐bond metathesis, 1,2‐addition, electrophilic aromatic substitution, concerted metalation‐deprotonation (CMD), and Heck‐type mechanism. The different CMD models with acetate as the base, with amidate as the base, and with the bimetallic complex are also highlighted.
“Print‐to‐pattern”: Silk‐Based Water Lithography
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhou Zhitao , Zhang Shaoqing , Sun Long , Shi Zhifeng , Mao Ying , Liu Keyin , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe requirement of nontoxic and versatile manufacturing frameworks for biologically relevant applications has imposed significant constraints on the choice of functional materials and the complementary fabrication tools. In this context, silk is actively studied, thanks to its mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, wide availability, aqueous processing conditions, and ease of functionalization. The inherent matching between the water solubility of silk and the aqueous inks of the inkjet printing (IJP) process has derived a biofriendly and versatile “print‐to‐pattern” scheme—termed silk‐based water lithography—toward scalable functional biomanufacturing. The deposition mode of IJP and the etching effect of silk film by water features a dual tone fabrication where functional molecules are dispensed additively, while the silk film is patterned in a “subtractive” fashion. Such versatility and scalability pave the way to a wide range of opportunities in the biomedical field.
Transgenerational transmission of small‐for‐gestational age
Authors: Sepúlveda‐Martínez Á. , Rodríguez‐López M. , Paz Y Miño F. , Casu G. , Crovetto F. , Gratacós E. , Crispi F. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the transgenerational transmission of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA).MethodsThis was a cohort study of a random sample of 2043 offspring delivered between 1975 and 1993 at Hospital Sant Joan de Déu in Barcelona. Exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancy, aneuploidy or genetic syndrome, major birth defects, severe mental disease and macrosomia. Eligible individuals were contacted and those with at least one offspring were included in the study. Participants were classified according to the presence of SGA (defined as birth weight < 10th percentile) at birth. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the presence of SGA or placenta‐mediated disease (defined as the presence of SGA, pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension and/or placental abruption) in the following generation.ResultsOf 623 individuals who agreed to participate, 152 (72 born SGA and 80 born appropriate‐for‐gestational age (AGA)) were reported to have at least one child. Descendants of SGA individuals presented with a lower birth‐weight percentile (median, 26 (interquartile range (IQR), 7–52) vs 43 (IQR, 19–75); P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of SGA (40.3% vs 16.3%; P = 0.001) and placenta‐mediated disease (43.1% vs 17.5%; P = 0.001) than did the offspring of AGA individuals. After adjustment for confounding variables, parental SGA background was associated with an almost three‐fold increased risk of subsequent SGA or any placenta‐mediated disease in the following generation. This association was stronger in SGA mothers than in SGA fathers.ConclusionsOur data provide evidence suggesting a transgenerational transmission of SGA, highlighting the importance of public health strategies for preventing intrauterine growth impairment. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Increasing the value of wind: From passive to active actors in multiple power markets
Authors: Skytte Klaus , Bobo Lucien 
Published: September 2018

When the share of variable renewable energy, such as wind energy, in the energy system becomes large, the integration cost increases in accordance with the depletion of flexible ramping capabilities of the system. Therefore, integration of large shares of wind power into power system operations calls for market integration as well as for additional flexibility. Among the various available options, wind power plants themselves have the technical potential of offering flexibility. Using the Danish market conditions as a case study, we model and analyze four strategies for the participation of a wind power producer in day‐ahead and real‐time electricity markets, and compare how they affect the value of wind power production. Our findings suggest that wind power plants can have a more solid business case if they are active on both day‐ahead and real‐time power markets, which increases the economic value of wind energy as well as reduces the system integration costs. We also highlight that support schemes can affect the incentives for active participation on real‐time power markets. This type of insight is valuable for wind power's potential to expand its market share while keeping a high economic value in power markets, where the political trend is towards market based deployment of renewables and focus on low system integration costs.This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Wind Power > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Systems Analysis > Economics and Policy
Shannon versus semantic information processing in the brain
Authors: Majumdar Kaushik K. 
Published: September 2018

Claude Shannon insisted that attributing an interpretation or meaning to information will destroy its generality and limit its scope. According to him it is only the statistical nature of information that matters. Semantic information is on the other hand, meaning of the information. Pattern recognition plays a big role in neural signal processing. Patterns can be thought of encoded semantic information in neural signals. In neuroscience both types of information have been studied extensively, without ever mentioning the term “semantic information,” whereas “Shannon information” has become a household name among the neuroscientists, often even without the term “Shannon.” In fact, neural information in general is a combination of both. In this review we highlight Shannon information theoretical aspects and semantic information theoretical aspects in neural information processing. In fact, neural information in general, is a combination of both. It has been elaborated how an organized study of semantic processing of neural information, particularly from a time series data mining point of view, can aid our understanding of information processing in the brain.This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Second Country EU Citizens Voting in National Elections Is an Important Step, but Other Steps Should Be Taken First
Authors: Rodríguez Ángel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHistory demonstrates that the extension of participation rights is a process. The energy and efforts that the ECI needs to achieve its goals could probably be better focused helping to ensure implementation of the stage where we are now. This means trying to reach a significant level of participation of second country nationals at local or EP elections in the host countries, or aiming at participation in regional elections as the next step in the process of strengthening European citizenship.
The Failure of Union Citizenship Beyond the Single Market
Authors: Thym Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIf we want the Court of Justice of the European Union to employ citizens’ rights to foster a supranational vision of justice, we have to move beyond a minimalist reading of free movement as correcting unwelcome outcomes at the national level. What would be required instead is a vision of social justice for the Union as a whole, not only for those moving to other Member States.
Liberal Citizenship Is Duty-Free
Authors: Joppke Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis chapter questions four presumptions on which the proposal for `adding stuff` to EU citizenship and making it `duty-full` rests. First and most importantly, liberal citizenship is duty-free. Second, national citizenship is not a model for EU citizenship. Third, the notion that non-movers have to be compensated for the costs incurred by movers is wrong and buys into populism. Finally, sharpening the legal distinction between EU citizens and legal permanent immigrants is illiberal and retrograde, moving the EU toward a Gulf-state logic.
EU Citizenship Should Speak Both to the Mobile and the Non-Mobile European
Authors: Vandenbroucke Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaurizio Ferrera tables a catalogue of proposals to add a social dimension and ‘some duty’ to EU citizenship. As always, his search for incremental solutions that reconcile feasibility and vision is challenging. However, I have some sympathy with Joppke’s reaction that one cannot dispense with a more fundamental debate on free movement, on which public opinion is deeply divided. Ferrera’s proposals may be relatively peripheral to settling that fundamental debate. On the other hand, Joppke’s insistence that EU citizenship is duty-free, because it is liberal, does not yield a justification for free movement and non-discrimination of mobile Europeans. I believe it is possible to justify free movement in a framework of principles that speak both to the mobile and the non-mobile European, whereby openness is embedded in principles of reciprocity. Reciprocity bridges rights and obligations.