bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering Spatially‐Resolved Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth Kinetics by Correlative Multimicroscopy
Authors: Torres Daniel , Bernal Miguel , Ustarroz Jon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study employs a multimicroscopy approach, combining Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), to investigate electrochemical nucleation and growth (EN&G). Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are meticulously electrodeposited on glassy carbon (GC), to perform co‐located characterization, supported by analytical modeling and statistical analysis. The findings reveal clear correlations between electrochemical descriptors (i–t transients) and physical descriptors (NPs size and distribution), offering valuable insights into nucleation kinetics, influenced by varied overpotentials, surface state, and electrode's area. Analysis of the stochasticity of nucleation reveals intriguing temporal distributions, indicating an increased likelihood of nucleation with higher overpotential and larger electrode's area. Notably, the local surface state significantly influences nucleation site number and activity, leading to spatial differences in nucleation rates unaccounted for in macroscopic experiments. The updated analytical model for EN&G current transients, considering SECCM geometry, shows excellent agreement with FESEM measurements, facilitating the calculation of active sites within individual regions. These results deepen the understanding of EN&G phenomena from a new perspective, and lay the groundwork for further theoretical advancements, showcasing the great potential of current experimental methods in advancing precise electrochemical manufacturing of micro‐ and nanostructures.
Revisiting Critical Systems Thinking: Enhancing the Gaps Through Sustainability and Action Methodologies
Authors: Albakri Mohammed , Wood‐Harper Trevor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCritical systems thinking (CST) is a holistic framework that has proven instrumental in understanding and addressing complex problems across various domains, including social, environmental, and economic systems. Despite its longstanding reputation for fostering a comprehensive approach, its limitations in effectively addressing contemporary sustainability issues necessitate a critical reassessment. This paper aims to explore the CST paradox, reconciling the need for critical engagement with practical constraints, while proposing a novel framework designed to enhance the efficacy of CST in practice. Insights from prominent systems thinkers, such as Jackson, Checkland Flood, and Midgley, are drawn upon to trace the evolution of CST, employing a critical analysis of existing frameworks and methodologies. Sustainability, which encompasses environmental, economic and social dimensions, serves as an appropriate backdrop for the application of CST, reflecting a complex‐pluralist ethos. Furthermore, the importance of addressing power dynamics, inequalities, and the ethical‐political dimensions inherent in sustainability challenges aligns with the complex‐coercive nature of CST. This paper advocates for the incorporation of action research, participatory action research and action learning (AR/PAR/AL) into CST, resulting in a more comprehensive toolkit for confronting today's pressing sustainability imperatives. Ultimately, the proposed framework seeks to strengthen the relevance and effectiveness of CST in tackling contemporary societal challenges.
Written Feedback Dialogue: A Cyclical Model for Student Engagement with Feedback
Authors: Jwa Soomin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith increasing attention to student engagement with feedback, the need for a paradigm shift problematizing the transmissive view of feedback has been voiced. Recent perspectives hold that feedback is a dialogic process and opportunities for dialogue promote students' knowledge‐making processes in their engagement with feedback. Theoretically grounded in a dialogic view of feedback, the present study proposes a three‐stage model of written feedback dialogue that can be implemented in an EFL writing classroom and examines its effect on student engagement. The researcher conducted interviews with Korean EFL students enrolled in an English writing course and analyzed their written texts in light of three domains of student engagement: affective, behavioral, and cognitive. Study findings show that students displayed agentive behaviors: monitoring, evaluating, and regulating their learning throughout the feedback process. Overall, the study argues for pedagogical shifts toward a robust dialogic approach to feedback practices, which often otherwise remain monologic.
Navigating Temporary Competitive Advantage: Pandemic‐Driven Strategies in the Global Airline Industry
Authors: Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Nyame‐Asiamah Frank , Ayiine‐Etigo David 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the evolution and dynamics of temporary competitive advantage (TCA) in the volatile airline industry. This is illustrated by using the context of COVID‐19 pandemic to understand the risk faced by the global airline industry. By focusing on “healthiness” as a source of competitiveness, many airlines and the industry instituted distinctive initiatives to demonstrate and deliver hygienically dependable travel experiences. The airline companies adopted a host of new technologies and processes such as biometric boarding, digital health passports, general biometrics, and bring‐your‐own‐device, to minimize face‐to‐face interactions and curtail the spread of the virus. These competitive strategies aimed to improve the companies' operational efficiency, and cost reduction. The avenues for future research and implications for practicing managers are identified and discussed.
The R Package Ecosystem for Robust Statistics
Authors: Todorov Valentin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the last few years, the number of R packages implementing different robust statistical methods have increased substantially. There are now numerous packages for computing robust multivariate location and scatter, robust multivariate analysis like principal components and discriminant analysis, robust linear models, and other algorithms dedicated to cope with outliers and other irregularities in the data. This abundance of package options may be overwhelming for both beginners and more experienced R users. Here we provide an overview of the most important 25 R packages for different tasks. As metrics for the importance of each package, we consider its maturity and history, the number of total and average monthly downloads from CRAN (The Comprehensive R Archive Network), and the number of reverse dependencies. Then we briefly describe what each of these package does. After that we elaborate on the several above‐mentioned topics of robust statistics, presenting the methodology and the implementation in R and illustrating the application on real data examples. Particular attention is paid to the robust methods and algorithms suitable for high‐dimensional data. The code for all examples is accessible on the GitHub repository https://github.com/valentint/robust‐R‐ecosystem‐WIREs.
Hypocrellin: A Natural Photosensitizer and Nano‐Formulation for Enhanced Molecular Targeting of PDT of Melanoma
Authors: Gugu Nkosi Precious Winterrose , Chandran Rahul , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNano‐formulation has generated attention in the battle against cancer, because of its great flexibility, reduced adverse side effects, and accuracy in delivering drugs to target tissues dependent on the size and surface characteristics of the disease. The field of photodynamic treatment has advanced significantly in the past years. Photodynamic techniques that use nano‐formulations have surfaced to further the field of nanotechnology in medicine, especially in cancer treatment. The pharmaceutical industry is seeing a growing trend toward enhanced drug formulation using nano‐formulations such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nano‐emulsions, and micelles. Natural extracts have also shown adverse effects when employed as photosensitizers in cancer therapy because they are cytotoxic when activated by light. Still, natural photosensitizers are a big part of cancer treatment. However, some shortcomings can be minimized by combining nano‐formulations with these natural photosensitizers. The synergistic improvement in medication delivery that maintains or increases the mechanism of cell death in malignant cells has also been demonstrated by the combination of photodynamic therapy with nano‐formulations and natural photosensitizers. Lastly, this review assesses the feasibility and potential of a photodynamic therapy system based on nano‐formulations and natural photosensitizers in clinical treatment applications and briefly discusses the removal of toxic compounds associated with nano‐formulations within cells.
Investigation on the impact of Hall and ion‐slip currents and buoyant force on heat transfer in three dimensional flow of Carreau–Yasuda fluid with multi‐nanoparticles
Authors: Shakir Beenish , Nawaz M. , Almohammadi Saja Mohammad , Alharbi Sayer Obaid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis proposed analysis focuses on heat transport in a magneto‐multi‐nano fluid over a vertical surface. The base fluid (ethylene glycol, denoted by EG) containing , and is taken into consideration. The nonuniform magnetic field is imposed perpendicularly to the sheet. The boundary layer governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved by applying bvp4c. The mesh‐free analysis is performed, and the results are confirmed to be correct and accurate. An agreement between present and published data is found. A parametric study is performed to examine the trends in the variation of field variables. Hall and ion‐slip effects play a key role in the prevention of the Joule heating. The buoyancy force arises due to density difference under Boussinesq approximation. This force has assisting or opposing effects on fluid motion provided that flow is in a downward or upward direction, respectively. Heat generation produced by fluids undergoing thermal changes is responsible of the increase in the temperature of the fluid. Therefore, the characteristics of the generation of heat for heat transportation fluid are favorable. However, a heat‐absorbing fluids absorb heat and lower their heat energy because of which temperature of fluid decreases. Hence, the ability of fluid to transport heat increases. Thus, for the best thermal performance of fluid, fluid should be heat‐absorbing. It is noted that wall shear stresses exerted by tri‐nanofluid are higher than wall shear stresses exerted by di‐ and mono‐nanofluids. Moreover, Hall and ion‐slip currents play a remarkable role in reducing the shear stresses on the surface of the fluid. Thus, partially and fully ionized fluids (once fluid is subjected to magnetic field) exert lesser wall shear stress in comparison with the neutral fluid. In the case of positive buoyancy force, the wall shear stresses are decreasing function of the Grashof number. However, wall shear stresses increase in case of opposing buoyancy force.
Complications in Occipitocervical Surgery
Authors: Ozer Ali Fahir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe occipitocervical junction is formed by the foramen magnum (FM) and the adjacent anatomical structures of the C1 and C2 vertebrae. The FM is formed anteriorly by the basilar part of occipital bone. Anterolaterally, it borders the occipital condyles and hypoglossal canal as well as the jugular foramen. Posteriorly, the FM is formed by the squamous part of the occipital bone with the internal occipital crest. In the midline, named landmarks at the anterior margin are the basion and, at the posterior margin, the opisthion. Vital anatomic structures are located in the FM or pass through. Among these are the medulla oblongata, meninges, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, vertebral arteries, and spinal roots of the accessory nerve. The FM is firmly anchored to the cervical canal via strong ligamentous support.Pathologies in this area can be of congenital, acquired, traumatic, neoplastic, or infectious origin, with the respective surgical indications and approaches depending on the nature and location of the pathology. If the pathology is occipitoatlantal, the occiput is usually involved in surgery. On the other hand, if the pathology is only at the level of C1-C2, surgery may be limited to these two vertebrae.In this section, we present the surgical management of exemplary congenital cases, and we discuss the complications and what needs to be done to deal with them.
Carotid Complications in Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Arraez Miguel A. , Arraez Cinta , Ros Angela , Selfa Antonio , Ros Bienvenido 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarotid artery rupture is a worrisome complication that sometimes occurs during microsurgical or endoscopic skull base procedures. Many identifiable aspects are related to prevention, intraoperative management, and immediate postoperative endovascular treatment. This article deals with microsurgical and endoscopic cases in which the carotid artery or its branches have been damaged in the context of a resection of skull base lesions. Factors related to the anatomy of the skull base and the arteries and their variations are considered, along with intraoperative measures to control the bleeding. Finally, depending on the case, recommendations for immediate postoperative endovascular management are made.
Complications Following Microvascular Decompression (MVD) for Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN)
Authors: Turel Keki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article descibes the surgical management of classic trigeminal neuralgia via microvascular decompression of the neuro-vascular conflict zone. This treatment has been proven to be higly effective with an immediate relief of debilitating symptoms and a durable response. The article reports on cases with associated complications and their avoidance.
Complications in Neuroendoscopy
Authors: Delitala Alberto , Fazzolari Benedetta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeuroendoscopy complications can be divided into three categories: vascular, neural, and technical failures. Moreover, cognitive sequelae can be considered as delayed complications of neuroendoscopic surgery. The purpose of this manuscript is to report the experiences published in the current literature in order to identify the causes of complications in neuroendoscopy and methods to manage and avoid them.
Children’s Well-being During COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Among 10–12 Year Old School Children in Bangladesh
Authors: Goswami Haridhan , Banik Bijoy Krishna , Goswami Gour Gobinda , Khalil M. Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe issue of subjective well-being has received considerable attention in social science and health-related research in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we noticed a gap in knowledge regarding children’s views on how the pandemic affected their lives during the pandemic, especially in developing countries. This chapter filled out that research gap in the context of Bangladesh. Data in this chapter were obtained from the Children’s Worlds COVID-19 Special Survey carried out in Bangladesh during the pandemic. For that purpose, a child-friendly questionnaire was developed, and survey data were gathered from 1370 school children 10–12 years of age. In this chapter, we used some of the data to identify how children rated (on an 11-point scale, 0 = not at all satisfied to 10 = totally satisfied) 12 different aspects of their lives during the pandemic and examine whether there was a difference in the rating by their gender and rural-urban location. The study revealed that rural children were significantly less satisfied with their home, area of living, safety, learning at school, and future. In addition, a gendered aspect was observed where boys reported significantly lower satisfaction with their material possessions and how adults listened to them.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Young People’s Levels of Subjective Well-being: Evidence from HILDA 2001–2020
Authors: Chesters Jenny 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic rolled across the world, young people in Australia faced unprecedented challenges in their daily lives. Although the lockdowns and restrictions implemented to contain the pandemic impacted all Australians, young people were particularly affected. Adolescence is the period when young people develop their own social networks, thus, peer relationships become increasingly more important. During the pandemic, young people were isolated from their friends at school, extra-curricular activities were disrupted and life became increasingly uncertain. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic further complicated an already complex process. This paper examines whether these disruptions influenced levels of subjective well-being of young people aged 15 to 17 years. Drawing on Social Production Function (SPF) theory, analysis of data collected by the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) project is conducted to examine whether levels of subjective well-being of five cohorts of young people aged 15 to 17 years in 2001, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 varied according to period effects. The findings show that, despite the unprecedented lockdown measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 cohort of young people reported similar levels of subjective well-being as previous cohorts.
The Well-Being of Young People in Europe During the Pandemic: The Social Ties, Labor Market Integration, and the Social Inequalities
Authors: Stanojević Dragan , Todosijević Bojan , Gvozdanović Anja 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the relationships between life satisfaction and three dimensions of integration: social ties, participation in the labor market, and political participation among the European youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it is commonly presumed that a higher level of social integration corresponds to a greater level of life satisfaction it is important to explore whether certain forms of integration may be associated with greater dissatisfaction and frustration. For instance, under certain circumstances, dissatisfaction might motivate greater political participation and involvement in various social networks. In other words, it is of interest to ascertain whether dissatisfaction might, in fact, foster a greater propensity to connect with others and engage in collective actions.We address this problem by using multilevel data. The individual-level data come from the tenth cycle of the European Social Survey (ESS10-2018), conducted across 31 countries during the years 2020–2022. Since our study focuses on youth, a sub-population comprising individuals aged 15–35 years was extracted. In order to control for the contextual-level data, we employed two standard indicators, GINI and GDP per capita. The results show that the various forms of integration—closer social ties, being a member of an ethnic majority, labor market integration, and some forms of political participation (voting)—are associated with greater life satisfaction.
The Pandemic Effects on Sociability and Well-being of Low-Income Adolescents in Mexico
Authors: Saraví Gonzalo A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the relationship between adolescent mental health and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth sociability. The focus is on three spheres of sociability: peer interaction, family life, and urban experience. The main findings show the relevance of face-to-face sociability in this period of life, and how its disruption had a significant effect on the socioemotional well-being of young people. Mexico has been one of the countries with the longest school closure in the world (almost 2 years) which has dealt a critical blow to youth social life. The analysis is based on information from a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) on adolescence and the COVID-19 Pandemic that privileged the voices, emotions, and perceptions of the participants, applying innovative qualitative techniques. Students from an upper-middle school located in the popular outskirts of Mexico City were invited to participate as co-researchers and thus, to co-create a research process driven by their lived experiences of the pandemic. In total, 61 students (41% male and 59% girls) from 17 to 19 years old were involved. Fieldwork was carried out between October 2020 and August 2021.
Basics of Nuclear Reactor Physics
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen we conduct various kinds of experiments with nuclear reactors and interpret the obtained measurement results qualitatively and quantitatively, knowledge of the theory of nuclear reactor physics is quite helpful and it enables us to better understand the experiments. Phenomena occurring in nuclear reactors are generally based on the interections between neutrons and nuclei, so the fundamental knowledge on this interaction are described and several important physical quantities are introduced. Then, the fission chain reactions are interpreted by a classical theory, the six-factor formula. Based on the fundamental quantities in the nuclear reactor physics such as the neutron flux and the reaction rate, the neutron diffusion equation is derived, and the neutron non-leakage probabilities are quantified based on this diffusion theory. Furthermore, the basics of the nuclear reactor kinetics theory are discussed using the point kinetics equation.
Measurements of Reaction Rates
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeutron flux plays a significant role in the theory of reactor physics, while neutron flux is indirectly measured through the interaction between the neutron and the material used as the neutron detector in experiments. The physical quantity that is measured throughout the experiment is the “reaction rate.” To obtain the neutron flux from the measured reaction rate, various information involving cross sections of the material used as the detector is necessary, in addition to experimental devices. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the theory of reactor physics related to the specific reactions between neutrons and materials in the irradiation field. This chapter introduces methodologies for measuring the reaction rate by the activation foil method before determining the neutron flux.
Breeding behaviour of Central European Red Kites: parental sex-dependent differences
Authors: Dostál Marek , Škrábal Jan , Raab Rainer , Spakovszky Péter , Matušík Hynek , Svetlík Ján , Maderič Boris , Makoň Karel , Literák Ivan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe breeding behaviour of raptors is determined by many characteristics, such as courtship and mating patterns, nest building, foraging, territorial defence activities, clutch incubation, and caring for the young. Here, we study the breeding behaviour of the Red Kite (Milvus milvus), a European native bird of prey. From a period between 2018 and 2022, we analysed data for 33 adult Red Kites (14 males and 19 females) during 70 successful breeding episodes in Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Using satellite telemetry and in situ observations, we found differences between males and females in the size of the home range, number of nights on the nest, and maximum distances from the nest. We analysed the influence of different factors on movement activity, breeding productivity, and home range size. Females spent significantly more nights on the nest than did males, flew shorter distances from the eyrie, and occupied smaller areas. Red Kites with two or more breeding experiences arrived significantly earlier than did unexperienced Kites in their first breeding attempts. Juveniles departed from the nest sooner than did their parents. Birds with more fledged juveniles occupied smaller home ranges. Our study reveals new knowledge of substantially different breeding behaviours in male and female Central European Red Kites.