bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer neuroscience for marketing researchers
Authors: Harris Joanne M. , Ciorciari Joseph , Gountas John 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeFor many consumer neuromarketing researchers, the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging has been the most preferred neuroscience technique. However, electroencephalography, eye tracking, and implicit measurements are becoming increasingly popular market research methods due to rapid technological improvements and reduced costs.DesignThis article is an overview of the most commonly used consumer neuroscience techniques in marketing research.FindingsMany peer‐reviewed journal articles in the consumer neuroscience literature usually provide only a brief summary of the actual functions of each neuroscience technique used in their research. Throughout the consumer neuroscience and marketing research literature, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of the relative merits of all neuroscience research tools. There is no rigorous analysis of the relative appropriateness of all the neuroscience, physiological, and biometric research tools currently used in consumer neuroscience market research.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that provides a comprehensive review of all relevant neuroscience techniques with a proper explanation of their functions and utility for different types of research. Each individual neuromarketing research tools' strengths and weaknesses are analysed for particular types of marketing research questions and highlights some of the key research papers and authors for interested researchers to follow up.
Pacemaker implantation in a challenging anatomy: isolated persistent left superior vena cava and azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava
Authors: Conti Sergio , Khaykin Yaariv 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageIsolated persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) in the absence of right SVC is a rare congenital variant of thoracic venous drainage with the left subclavian and jugular veins that drain into the right atrium through the coronary sinus. Inferior vena cava interruption with azygos continuation is another congenital anomaly resulting in venous drainage of the lower extremities via a typically dilated azygos vein. Although both variants are generally asymptomatic and incidentally detected, these can have clinical implications in specific circumstances and in particular during device implantation. We report a case of pacemaker implantation in which both anatomical variants were present.
A case of patient with renal lupus with an initial presentation of hemolytic uremic syndrome triggered by streptococcal infection
Authors: Attar Rahaf Z. , Ramel Enas I. , Safdar Osama Y. , Desoky Sherif 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic disease that is presented in a myriad of ways. Renal involvement is common in SLE and usually presents clinically as glomerulonephritis. We describe patients with SLE presented initially with hemolytic uremic syndrome which is a distinctive initial presentation.
Fluorescein as a Visible‐Light‐Induced Oxidase Mimic for Signal‐Amplified Colorimetric Assay of Carboxylesterase by an Enzymatic Cascade Reaction
Authors: Liu Li , Sun Chaoqun , Yang Juan , Shi Ying , Long Yijuan , Zheng Huzhi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe have found that fluorescein possesses high visible‐light‐induced oxidase mimetic activity and could transform colorless 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB) without unstable and destructive H2O2 under visible‐light illumination. Instead, fluorescein uses oxygen as a mild and green electron acceptor, and its activity can be easily controlled by the switching “on/off” of visible light. In addition, the visible‐light‐induced catalytic mechanism was elucidated in detail and, as the main reactive species h+ and O2.− accounted for TMB oxidation. Based on the fact that fluorescein diacetate (FDA) possessed no activity and generated active fluorescein in situ in the presence of carboxylesterase (CaE), a signal‐amplified sensing platform through a cascade reaction for CaE detection was constructed. Our proposed sensing system displayed excellent analytical performance for the detection of CaE in a wide linear range from 0.040 to 20 U L−1 with a low detection limit of 0.013 U L−1. This work not only changes the conventional concept that fluorescein is generally considered to be photocatalytically inert, but also provides a novel sensing strategy by tailoring the enzyme mimetic activity of fluorescein derivatives with analyte.
Picolinamide‐Based Iridium Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid in Water: Effect of Amide N Substituent on Activity and Stability
Authors: Kanega Ryoichi , Onishi Naoya , Wang Lin , Murata Kazuhisa , Muckerman James T. , Fujita Etsuko , Himeda Yuichiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo develop highly efficient catalysts for dehydrogenation of formic acid in water, we investigated several Cp*Ir catalysts with various amide ligands. The catalyst with an N‐phenylpicolinamide ligand exhibited a TOF of 118 000 h−1 at 60 °C. A constant rate (TOF>35 000 h−1) was maintained for six hours, and a TON of 1 000 000 was achieved at 50 °C.
Conjugation of Indoles to Antibodies through a Novel Self‐Immolating Linker
Authors: Dragovich Peter S. , Blake Robert A. , Chen Chunjiao , Chen Jinhua , Chuh Josefa , den Besten Willem , Fan Fang , Fourie Aimee , Hartman Steven J. , He Changrong , He Jintang , Ingalla Ellen Rei , Kozak Katherine R. , Leong Steven R. , Lu Jiawei , Ma Yong , Meng Lingyao , Nannini Michelle , Oeh Jason , Ohri Rachana , Lewis Phillips Gail , Pillow Thomas H. , Rowntree Rebecca K. , Sampath Deepak , Vandlen Richard , Vollmar Breanna , Wai John , Wertz Ingrid E. , Xu Keyang , Xu Zijin , Zhang Donglu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel strategy to attach indole‐containing payloads to antibodies through a carbamate moiety and a self‐immolating, disulfide‐based linker is described. This new strategy was employed to connect a selective estrogen receptor down‐regulator (SERD) to various antibodies in a site‐selective manner. The resulting conjugates displayed potent, antigen‐dependent down‐regulation of estrogen receptor levels in MCF7‐neo/HER2 and MCF7‐hB7H4 cells. They also exhibited similar antigen‐dependent modulation of the estrogen receptor in tumors when administered intravenously to mice bearing MCF7‐neo/HER2 tumor xenografts. The indole‐carbamate moiety present in the new linker was stable in whole blood from various species and also exhibited good in vivo stability properties in mice.
Anti‐apoptosis Function of PBCA Nanoparticles Containing Caspase‐3 siRNA for Neuronal Protection
Authors: Zhang Xiwei , Zhang Enqi , Grigartzik Lisa , Henrich‐Noack Petra , Hintz Werner , Sabel Bernhard A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPoly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PBCA NPs) have the ability to cross the blood‐brain barrier and deliver pharmaceuticals into the brain. Caspase‐3 (Casp3)‐siRNA loaded NPs were designed to investigate the possibility of anti‐apoptotic treatment. NPs were produced in a miniemulsion and optimized according to size and zeta potential. Casp3‐PBCA NP induced anti‐apoptotic effect was observed by an MTT test and siRNA caused knock‐down effect was identified by using a western blot assay. Further, rhodamine‐123 labeled PBCA NPs were visualized by in vivo imaging to investigate the blood‐brain barrier passage in a rodent experiment.
Iron‐Based Fischer‐Tropsch Catalysts for Higher Alcohol Synthesis
Authors: Schaller Max , Reichelt Erik , Jahn Matthias 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA short overview over state‐of‐the‐art synthesis routes to higher alcohols from syngas is given. The literature shows that iron‐based catalysts offer the potential for higher alcohol production but cannot fully compete with catalyst systems based on molybdenum and cobalt so far. However, the results presented in this short communication show that by proper choice of reaction conditions and promotion of the catalysts a promising selectivity to higher alcohols and other oxygenates can also be reached for low‐priced iron‐based catalysts.
Combustion of pure carbon in the presence of H2O and CO2 using single and double film models
Authors: Chen Wei , Annamlai Kalyan , Sundar Rohit 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn integrated gasification combined cycles systems, it is of interest to estimate the burn or gasification rate (), particle surface/wall temperature (Tw), and flame temperature (Tf), and also control of the Tw and Tf with free stream CO2 and the H2O level, which promote endothermic reactions. In the past, char combustion in the air was modelled using either a conventional single film model (SFM), or a conventional double film model (DFM). In this study, modified SFM and DFM models, including both heterogeneous reactions of CO2 and H2O with C, and gas phase oxidation of both CO and H2, were developed. The SFM and DFM were switched to SFM‐DR (single film model with double reactions) and DFM‐DR (double film model with double reactions). The SFM‐DR assumes that the gas phase is frozen, with the final products being CO and H2, and the transfer number modified to ; DFM‐DR includes gas phase oxidation of both CO and H2 with O2, with the final products being CO2 and H2O and the same modified transfer number B under infinitely fast chemistry. Finally, six different char combustion cases with or without H2O and CO2 in the free stream were simulated to obtain the flame profile for modified SFM‐DR and DFM‐DR. It was found that reasonable flame profiles of char combustion were obtained for both SFD‐DR and DFM‐DR. Moreover, the O2‐rich combustion could promote the endothermic Boudouard and steam‐carbon reactions. Finally, the burning rate (kg/m2 · s) decreased with the increase of particle diameter for both SFM‐DR and DFM‐DR.
Modelling gas‐liquid mass transfer in a two‐phase jet flow
Authors: Heithoff Susanne , Kück Ulf Daniel , Volkmer Pascal , Fritsching Udo , Räbiger Norbert 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe efficiency and selectivity of chemical reactions are influenced by the mixing characteristic of the reactor. Existing models for reactor precalculation are often based on mean values, e.g. for the energy dissipation rate or the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and assume a homogeneous mass transfer behaviour. As a result, process optimization by avoiding mass transfer limitations is not efficient, due to the missing knowledge of local limitations.Jet reactors typically provide inhomogeneous mixing and mass transfer behaviour, where the highest rates occur in the jet vicinity. Hence, the mass transfer processes in the jet flow, which cannot be properly characterized in gas‐liquid two‐phase flow, dominate the reactor performance. Experimental results concerning the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in the jet vicinity of the Jetzone‐Loopreactor are discussed, and a model approach for describing the phenomenon is presented. It is shown that the mass transfer rates strongly depend on the hydrodynamics of the loop flow. The model is adapted to the loop flow determining mechanisms, the drag coefficient, and the density difference between the circulation and the jet flow.
A GPU‐aware mixed‐precision solver for low‐rank algebraic Riccati equations
Authors: Benner Peter , Dufrechou Ernesto , Ezzatti Pablo , Remón Alfredo , Saak Jens 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe investigate different alternatives for the solution of algebraic Riccati equations on hybrid hardware platforms (ie, CPUs+GPUs). We evaluate a mixed‐precision approach that uses single‐precision arithmetic to obtain an approximation to the solution and later improve it to the desired precision, applying some steps of an economic iterative refinement. This method exploits the higher performance of the hardware to accelerate the solver when single‐precision arithmetic is employed and simultaneously obtains a high‐accuracy solution with the iterative refinement. We extend this approach to exploit the low‐rank property of the equation, when possible, to further improve its efficiency. The experimental evaluation shows that the mixed‐precision approach reports time and energy savings and provides similar or even more accurate solutions than well‐known methods like the sign function iteration or the structure‐preserving doubling algorithm.
2‐Methyltetrahydrofuran: A Green Solvent for Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bisz Elwira , Szostak Michal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions allow sustainable formation of C−C bonds using cost‐effective, earth‐abundant base‐metal catalysis for complex syntheses of pharmaceuticals, natural products, and fine chemicals. The major challenge to maintain full sustainability of the process is the identification of green and renewable solvents that can be harnessed to replace the conventional solvents for this highly attractive reaction. Herein, iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl chlorides and tosylates with challenging organometallic reagents possessing β‐hydrogens is found to proceed in good to excellent yields with the green, sustainable, and eco‐friendly 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) as solvent. The reaction operates with excellent functional group tolerance under very mild conditions. Furthermore, large‐scale cross‐coupling, cross‐coupling of heteroaromatic substrates, and cross‐coupling of challenging aryl tosylates and carbamates mediated by Fe–N‐heterocyclic carbene catalytic systems in eco‐friendly 2‐MeTHF were also carried out. The developed method was applied to the key cross‐coupling in the synthesis of a fibrinolysis inhibitor, further highlighting the potential of 2‐MeTHF as a general solvent for sustainable iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
A Lithium‐Ion Battery using a 3 D‐Array Nanostructured Graphene–Sulfur Cathode and a Silicon Oxide‐Based Anode
Authors: Benítez Almudena , Di Lecce Daniele , Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Caballero Álvaro , Morales Julián , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn efficient lithium‐ion battery was assembled by using an enhanced sulfur‐based cathode and a silicon oxide‐based anode and proposed as an innovative energy‐storage system. The sulfur–carbon composite, which exploits graphene carbon with a 3 D array (3DG‐S), was synthesized by a reduction step through a microwave‐assisted solvothermal technique and was fully characterized in terms of structure and morphology, thereby revealing suitable features for lithium‐cell application. Electrochemical tests of the 3DG‐S electrode in a lithium half‐cell indicated a capacity ranging from 1200 to 1000 mAh g−1 at currents of C/10 and 1 C, respectively. Remarkably, the Li‐alloyed anode, namely, LiySiOx–C prepared by the sol–gel method and lithiated by surface treatment, showed suitable performance in a lithium half‐cell by using an electrolyte designed for lithium–sulfur batteries. The LiySiOx–C/3DG‐S battery was found to exhibit very promising properties with a capacity of approximately 460 mAh gS−1 delivered at an average voltage of approximately 1.5 V over 200 cycles, suggesting that the characterized materials would be suitable candidates for low‐cost and high‐energy‐storage applications.
Signatures of competition and strain structure within the major blood‐stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in a local community in Ghana
Authors: Rorick Mary M. , Artzy‐Randrup Yael , Ruybal‐Pesántez Shazia , Tiedje Kathryn E. , Rask Thomas S. , Oduro Abraham , Ghansah Anita , Koram Kwadwo , Day Karen P. , Pascual Mercedes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe concept of niche partitioning has received considerable theoretical attention at the interface of ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Strain theory postulates that pathogen populations can be structured into distinct nonoverlapping strains by frequency‐dependent selection in response to intraspecific competition for host immune space. The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum presents an opportunity to investigate this phenomenon in nature, under conditions of high recombination rate and extensive antigenic diversity. The parasite's major blood‐stage antigen, PfEMP1, is encoded by the hyperdiverse var genes. With a dataset that includes thousands of var DBLα sequence types sampled from asymptomatic cases within an area of high endemicity in Ghana, we address how var diversity is distributed within isolates and compare this to the distribution of microsatellite allelic diversity within isolates to test whether antigenic and neutral regions of the genome are structured differently. With respect to var DBLα sequence types, we find that on average isolates exhibit significantly lower overlap than expected randomly, but that there also exists frequent pairs of isolates that are highly related. Furthermore, the linkage network of var DBLα sequence types reveals a pattern of nonrandom modularity unique to these antigenic genes, and we find that modules of highly linked DBLα types are not explainable by neutral forces related to var recombination constraints, microsatellite diversity, sampling location, host age, or multiplicity of infection. These findings of reduced overlap and modularity among the var antigenic genes are consistent with a role for immune selection as proposed by strain theory. Identifying the evolutionary and ecological dynamics that are responsible for the nonrandom structure in P. falciparum antigenic diversity is important for designing effective intervention in endemic areas.
Phylogeny, habitat together with biological and ecological factors can influence germination of 36 subalpine Rhododendron species from the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Yongji , Lai Liming , Du Hui , Jiang Lianhe , Wang Fei , Zhang Chao , Zhuang Ping , Zheng Yuanrun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe reproductive stages of the life cycle are crucial in explaining the distribution patterns of plant species because of their extreme vulnerability to environmental conditions. Despite reported evidence that seed germination is related to habitat macroclimatic characteristics, such as mean annual temperature, the effect of this trait in controlling plant species distribution has not yet been systematically and quantitatively evaluated. To learn whether seed germination can predict species distribution along altitude gradients, we examined germination data of 36 Rhododendron species in southeastern Tibet originating from contrasting altitudes, habitats, plant heights, seed masses, and phylogenies. Germination varied significantly with altitude, habitat, plant height, and phylogeny and was higher in the light than in the dark. Germination percentage was highest at 10:20°C in the light and 15:25°C in the dark. As altitude increased, germination percentages first rose and then decreased, being highest at 3,500–4,000 m. Germination percentage and rate were highest on rocky slopes, increasing as seed mass and plant height rose. Variations in germination percentage and rate were not significant at subgenera, section, and subsection levels, but they were significant at species level. The results suggested that the relationship between germination and altitude may provide insights into species distribution patterns. Further, germination patterns are a result of long‐term evolution as well as taxonomic constraints.
Why popular support tools on climate change adaptation have difficulties in reaching local policy‐makers: Qualitative insights from the UK and Germany
Authors: Clar Christoph , Steurer Reinhard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPolicy support for climate change adaptation has grown rapidly and respective tools (such as online guides and handbooks) have been documented and categorized repeatedly in recent years. Nevertheless, we still know little about how relevant their target groups find them for their work. We aim to address this gap with case studies on two well‐known support tools: the “Adaptation Wizard” from the UK and the “Klimalotse” from Germany. After showing how adaptation support tools have spread in recent years, we analyze qualitatively how relevant regional and local policy‐makers concerned with adaptation find the two tools. One of our main findings is the following discrepancy: while both tools offer support in developing and implementing comprehensive adaptation plans, local policy‐makers find this irrelevant and expect support in coping with imminent climate change impacts, for example, by single adaptation measures. Consequently, the local policy‐makers we interviewed hardly use the two tools but seek more specific support, in particular regarding vulnerability and cost–benefit assessments. We conclude that policy support tools lack relevance when their well‐intended attempt to enlighten target groups is too remote from what the latter expect.
Late Pleistocene talus flatiron formation below the Coal Cliffs cuesta, Utah, USA
Authors: Sheehan Christopher E. , Ward Dylan J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCuesta escarpment retreat is a principal mode of exhumation in regions of layered sedimentary rock. On the Colorado Plateau, this process acts as a mechanism for maintaining high‐relief topography and facilitating drainage divide migration. Quantitative estimates of cuesta evolution are difficult to evaluate over glacial‐interglacial timescales, and thus rates of geomorphic change along individual escarpments have mostly been constrained over millions of years. Several studies have addressed this problem by dating colluvium‐mantled talus flatirons. However, this technique has not been applied systematically on the Colorado Plateau. This study quantifies geomorphic change along a single Colorado Plateau cuesta using 36Cl surface exposure dating. We present 33 ages from a single generation of talus flatirons below the Coal Cliffs of central Utah. Landscape evolution is further constrained using 14 ages from in‐situ bedrock, 3 ages from boulders on gully interfluves, and two ages from terrace alluvium. Results suggest a colluvial apron was deposited below the cuesta beginning as early as Marine Isotope Stage 3, and the latest depositional phase occurred near the Last Glacial Maximum. A switch from apron deposition to incision initiated flatiron formation sometime between 19.7 ± 2.5 and 11.8 ± 1.6 ka, broadly coincident with the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions. Our results have several important implications. Climatic changes during the end of the last glacial period appear to have shifted the balance between deposition and erosion below the Coal Cliffs, emptying the sediment reservoir at their base and increasing their height via bedrock incision. The climatic forcing could be imparted by several mechanisms, including local controls on debris generation / mobilization and base level changes exerted by transverse streams. Similar processes may have occurred during previous glacial‐interglacial transitions, implying that the escarpment retreat processes may be partially modulated by orbitally‐controlled variations in Earth's climate over larger timescales. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.