bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an oral stimulation protocol on breastfeeding among preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jayapradha Gopalakrishnan , Venkatesh Lakshmi , Amboiram Prakash , Balasubramanium Radish Kumar , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives are to assess the effectiveness of a modified and adapted oral sensorimotor intervention (MA-OSMI) protocol for infants in India on the rate and performance of breastfeeding among preterm (PT) infants at discharge.DesignSingle-centre randomised control trial.SettingLevel III B neonatal intensive care unit in a quaternary care hospital in South India.PatientsA total of 76 PT infants born between 26 and 33+6weeks of gestational age, stratified into <30 weeks and 30–33+6weeks, were randomised to intervention group (MA-OSMI) or standard care (SC).InterventionsMA-OSMI in addition to SC versus SC alone. The stimulation included 12 techniques administered by the principal investigator. SC included kangaroo mother care and non-nutritive sucking.Outcome measuresExclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rate and breastfeeding performance at the time of discharge, assessed using standardised tools by clinician and mothers.ResultsInfants in MA-OSMI group (66%) had significantly higher EBF rate compared with the SC group (16%) (OR: 10.25; 95% CI: 3.41 to 30.80). Improved breastfeeding performance was noted as per the clinician’s observation. Significantly lower scores for MA-OSMI groups (63.42±36.43) than SC groups (126.61±60.94) on mothers’ ratings suggested better feeding skills.ConclusionPrefeeding oral stimulation contributed significantly to the achievement of EBF among PT infants at discharge. The present findings may benefit speech–language pathologists, paediatricians/neonatologists and nurses in the intervention of oral feeding among neonates.
Lefamulin forMycoplasma genitaliumtreatment failure in Australia and the USA: a case series and pilot open-label parallel arm randomised trial
Authors: Ramchandani Meena S , Plummer Erica L , Parker Anika , Vodstrcil Lenka A , Soge Olusegun O , Aguirre Ivette , Kim Joong , Hughes James P , Barbee Lindley A , Jensen Jørgen Skov , Manhart Lisa E , Bradshaw Catriona S 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesMycoplasma genitalium(MG) causes urethritis and is associated with cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease and preterm delivery. Antimicrobial resistance is widespread and cure rates are declining. Lefamulin, a novel pleuromutilin, may be effective in cases of treatment failure.MethodsUnder compassionate access in Australia and a pilot open-label parallel arm randomised clinical trial in the USA, patients with urogenital MG infection and microbiological treatment failure or contraindications to moxifloxacin were treated with lefamulin monotherapy (600 mg orally two times per for 7 days) or sequential doxycycline-lefamulin (doxycycline 100 mg orally two times per day for 7 days followed by lefamulin for 7 days) (1:1 randomisation in the USA). Two additional regimens were also evaluated in Australia: combination therapy with doxycycline plus lefamulin for 7 days and extended lefamulin therapy with doxycycline for 7 days followed by lefamulin for 14 days. Microbiological cure (negative MG NAAT) was assessed 21–35 days after completing lefamulin. Sustained cure was assessed 42–49 days after treatment.ResultsSeventeen heavily pretreated Australian (seen between October 2020 and December 2023) and 11 US cases (recruited between April 2022 and February 2023; 5 randomised to lefamulin monotherapy, 6 randomised to sequential doxycycline-lefamulin) received lefamulin-containing regimens. Sequential doxycycline-lefamulin demonstrated microbiological cure 21–35 days post-treatment in 6 of 12 (50%) Australian and US patients. Three of five (60%) US patients but none of five (0%) Australian patients were cured with lefamulin monotherapy. Combination therapy with doxycycline and lefamulin was ineffective (n=0/2), but extended lefamulin therapy cured two of three (67%). Gastrointestinal side effects occurred in 77% (Australia) and 91% (USA).ConclusionWhile cure rates were low, lefamulin was effective in some individuals with MG treatment failure. Additional antibacterial agents for multidrug-resistant infections are needed.
Regularized-renormalized-resummed loop corrected power spectrum of non-singular bounce with Primordial Black Hole formation
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Karde Ahaskar , Panda Sudhakar , SenGupta Soumitra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a complete and consistent exposition of the regularization, renormalization, and resummation procedures in the setup of having a contraction and then non-singular bounce followed by inflation with a sharp transition from slow-roll (SR) to ultra-slow roll (USR) phase for generating primordial black holes (PBHs). We consider following an effective field theory (EFT) approach and study the quantum loop corrections to the power spectrum from each phase. We demonstrate the complete removal of quadratic UV divergences after renormalization and softened logarithmic IR divergences after resummation and illustrate the scheme-independent nature of our renormalization approach. We further show that the addition of a contracting and bouncing phase allows us to successfully generate PBHs of solar-mass order, $$M_\textrm{PBH}\sim \mathcal{O}(M_{\odot })$$

M
PBH

∼
O

(

M
⊙

)

, by achieving the minimum e-folds during inflation to be $$\Delta N_{\textrm{Total}}\sim \mathcal{O}(60)$$

Δ

N
Total

∼
O

(
60
)

and in this process successfully evading the strict no-go theorem. We notice that varying the effective sound speed between $$0.88\leqslant c_{s}\leqslant 1$$

0.88
⩽

c
s

⩽
1

, allows the peak spectrum amplitude to lie within $$10^{-3}\leqslant A \leqslant 10^{-2}$$

10

-
3

⩽
A
⩽

10

-
2

, indicating that causality and unitarity remain protected in the theory. We analyse PBHs in the extremely small, $$M_{\textrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-33}-10^{-27})M_{\odot }$$

M
PBH

∼
O

(

10

-
33

-

10

-
27

)

M
⊙

, and the large, $$M_{\textrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-6}-10^{-1})M_{\odot }$$

M
PBH

∼
O

(

10

-
6

-

10

-
1

)

M
⊙

, mass limits and confront the PBH abundance results with the latest microlensing constraints. We also study the cosmological beta functions across all phases and find their interpretation consistent in the context of bouncing and inflationary scenarios while satisfying the pivot scale normalization requirement. Further, we estimate the spectral distortion effects and shed light on controlling PBH overproduction.
Anisotropic gravastar as horizonless regular black hole spacetime and its images illuminated by thin accretion disk
Authors: Fauzi M. F. , Ramadhan H. S. , Sulaksono A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA connection between regular black holes and horizonless ultracompact objects was proposed in Carballo-Rubio et al. (JHEP 08:046, 2023, arXiv:2211.05817 [gr-qc]). In this paper, we construct a model of a horizonless compact object, specifically an anisotropic gravastar with continuous pressure, that corresponds to regular black hole spacetime in the appropriate limit. The construction begins by modeling an equation of state that satisfies the anisotropic gravastar conditions and transitions to the de Sitter ($$p=-\epsilon $$

p
=
-
ϵ

) upon horizon formation. The spacetime structure is similar to the Quantum Horizonless Compact Object (QHCO) described in Chen and Yokokura (Phys Rev D 109:104058, 2024, arXiv:2403.09388 [gr-qc]). Within this model, we also generate images of the corresponding objects surrounded by a thin accretion disk. The resulting images reveal that assuming that the emitting matter exists only outside the object, the inner light ring structure closely resembles that of the horizonless configuration of a regular black hole and the QHCO, yet it exhibits a distinct light ring structure compared to the thin-shell gravastar model. However, the opposite occurs when emitting matter is taken into account inside the object.
New classes of charged 4D EGB spacetimes with vanishing Weyl curvature
Authors: Hansraj Sudan , Mngadi Siyamthanda Remember , Errehymy Abdelghani 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe configuration of a perfect fluid distribution in an electric field under the influence of higher curvature geometric effects introduced through the Gauss–Bonnet invariants is studied in the 4 dimensional Glavan–Lin gravity formulation. It is found that whereas a constant spatially directed gravitational potential gives isothermal behaviour in the standard theory, this is not the case when extra curvature is present in general. A physically viable stellar model is constructed by assuming the Finch–Skea potential. The geometry and electrodynamics are well behaved being regular throughout the distribution including the centre. The model passes stability tests such as the Chandrasekar adiabatic stability criterion and causality. Additionally all energy conditions are satisfied within the star. We compare the performance of the model with its Einstein counterpart and observe that the higher curvature exerts a notable influence on all the physical properties of the star.
Brane stability under $$f(Q,{\mathcal {T}})$$ gravity
Authors: Moreira A. R. P. , Dong Shi-Hai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe focus of this paper is to investigate the behavior of a codimension-one thick brane in the modified symmetric teleparallel gravity structure $$f(Q, {\mathcal {T}})$$

f
(
Q
,
T
)

, where Q is the nonmetricity scalar and $${\mathcal {T}}$$
T
is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. Additionally, we examine whether braneworld scenarios are stable under small tensor perturbations and identify the associated massive and resonant modes. Our results indicate that the parameters controlling the modifications to the gravitational model-specifically those affecting nonmetricity and the energy–momentum tensor-significantly influence both the location and existence of these modes.
Learning algorithms versus automatability of Frege systems
Authors: Pich Ján , Santhanam Rahul 
Published: November 2024

We connect learning algorithms and algorithms automating proof search in propositional proof systems: for every sufficiently strong, well-behaved propositional proof system [Formula: see text], we prove that the following statements are equivalent, (1) Provable learning. [Formula: see text] proves efficiently that p-size circuits are learnable by subexponential-size circuits over the uniform distribution with membership queries. (2) Provable automatability. [Formula: see text] proves efficiently that [Formula: see text] is automatable by non-uniform circuits on propositional formulas expressing p-size circuit lower bounds. Here, [Formula: see text] is sufficiently strong and well-behaved if I.–III. hold: I. [Formula: see text] p-simulates Jeřábek’s system [Formula: see text] (which strengthens the Extended Frege system [Formula: see text] by a surjective weak pigeonhole principle); II. [Formula: see text] satisfies some basic properties of standard proof systems which p-simulate [Formula: see text]; III. [Formula: see text] proves efficiently for some Boolean function [Formula: see text] that [Formula: see text] is hard on average for circuits of subexponential size. For example, if III. holds for [Formula: see text], then Items 1 and 2 are equivalent for [Formula: see text]. We use the following modified notion of automatability in Item 2, the automating circuits output a [Formula: see text]-proof of a given formula (expressing a p-size circuit lower bound for a function [Formula: see text]) in non-uniform p-time in the length of a shortest [Formula: see text]-proof of a closely related but different formula (expressing an average-case subexponential-size circuit lower bound for the same function [Formula: see text]). If there is a function [Formula: see text] which is hard on average for circuits of size [Formula: see text], for each sufficiently big [Formula: see text], then there is an explicit propositional proof system [Formula: see text] satisfying properties I.-III., i.e. the equivalence of Items 1 and 2 holds for [Formula: see text].
Vibration Isolation Performance Analysis of a Nonlinear Fluid Inerter-Based Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension
Authors: Shen Yujie , Qiu Dongdong , Yang Xiaofeng , Chen Junjie , Guo Yan , Zhang Tianyi 
Published: November 2024

To further enhance the ride comfort of vehicles, a new type of fluid inerter-based hydro-pneumatic suspension (FI-HPS) is proposed. First, this paper combines the fluid type inerter with the dual-chamber hydro-pneumatic suspension (DHPS) and fully considers the nonlinear factors. The nonlinear dynamic model of the fluid inerter is derived, and three structural models, namely the traditional DHPS S0, the ideal FI-HPS S1, and the nonlinear FI-HPS S2, are established. Then, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to optimize the key parameters of the S1 and S2 suspensions. With the S0 suspension as a comparison subject, the simulation results show that the S2 suspension can significantly improve the vehicle’s ride comfort performance. In terms of the time-domain analysis, the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the vehicle body acceleration is reduced by 20.5%, the RMS value of the suspension working space is reduced by 12.7%, and the RMS value of the dynamic tire load is reduced by 8.0%. The frequency domain results indicate that the S2 suspension can effectively reduce the suspension offset frequency vibration, with a more significant effect at low frequencies. Upon analysis of impulsive road conditions, the peak-to-peak (PTP) value of the vehicle body acceleration is reduced by 14.2%, and the PTP value of the suspension working space is reduced by 6.3%. It is revealed that the inclusion of the nonlinear parasitic damping force in the fluid inerter can effectively enhance the overall performance of the hydro-pneumatic suspension system.
Surgical Considerations in the Management of Constriction Ring Syndrome
Authors: SABAPATHY S. Raja , MOHAN Monusha 
Published: November 2024

Surgical management of constriction ring syndrome (CRS) is individualised due to the heterogenic presentation of the condition. CRS includes constriction rings, acrosyndactyly, nubbins and short digits. Involvement of more than one limb is common and children often need multiple surgeries. Each limb may need staged surgeries. If the child has vascular or lymphatic compromise secondary to a constriction ring, the ring needs to be excised and released in the first few days of life. The rings are released using multiple big Z-plasties in one or two stages. Nerve palsy associated with the rings need early intervention. Tendon transfers may be advised when nerve procedures like neurolysis and nerve reconstruction fail. Acrosyndactyly can be corrected with separation of the fused fingertips. At times, the web is more distal than usual and requires web deepening using partial syndactyly separation techniques and may need full thickness skin grafting. Complex type of acrosyndactyly is difficult to treat as it needs proper planning and staged surgical correction to achieve a five-digit hand. Separation of the syndactyly with web deepening gives more functional length and independence to the digits. The short fingers, especially the thumb, need reconstruction. Non-vascularised toe phalangeal transfer or a microvascular toe transfer can reconstruct a missing digit. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
An Algorithm for Management of Radial Longitudinal Deficiency
Authors: BHAT Anil K. , PAI G. Mithun 
Published: November 2024

Lack of specific guidelines in the literature renders management of radial longitudinal deficiency (RLD) exceedingly diverse. This diversity in treatment approaches can lead to variability in outcomes and pose a challenge in determining the most effective interventions for each individual case of RLD. Surgeons must carefully consider the unique characteristics and needs of each patient when developing a treatment plan for this complex condition. Around 40% of cases are linked to syndromes like Holt–Oram syndrome, thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome, Fanconi anaemia and VACTERL. Hand surgeons must be knowledgeable about these conditions, as they may be the first to identify these syndromes in children. Associated elbow stiffness can also be a crucial factor in treatment decision-making. Although this condition has been studied for more than 10 decades, the surgical treatment that is currently available is not completely successful in restoring ‘normal’ wrist function and appearance. Centralisation and radialisation procedures continue to be the cornerstones of surgical treatment. Many innovative approaches include altering the biomechanics of this condition with bony or soft tissue procedures and microvascular techniques. Understanding the proximal limb changes is crucial in the holistic management of this challenging malformation. This article presents a treatment algorithm based on literature evidence and our clinical experience. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Paediatric Hand Fractures – A Review
Authors: SIRISENA Renita , SHRESTHA Shilu 
Published: November 2024

Paediatric hand fractures account for approximately 25% of hand-related emergency department visits, making them the second most common childhood fractures after distal forearm fractures. These injuries are more prevalent in boys and peak ages between 9 and 14 years. Hand fractures in children are primarily caused by crushing injuries and, increasingly in older children, by sports-related activities. The little finger (52%) and thumb (23%) are the most frequently fractured digits, with phalangeal fractures, especially of the proximal phalanx, being common. Metacarpal fractures are more prevalent in adolescents (13–16 years) compared to younger children. Accurate diagnosis in the paediatric population is complicated by difficult clinical examinations and the presence of growth plates, leading to an 8% misdiagnosis rate, mainly due to misinterpretation of the ossification centres and physes. High-quality radiographic evaluation combined with a thorough clinical assessment is critical for correct diagnosis and appropriate management. The robust periosteum and high remodelling potential of paediatric bones allow most hand fractures to be managed non-operatively with splinting or casting. However, fractures with significant angulation, rotation, intra-articular involvement or open wounds may require surgical intervention, such as closed or open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires. Most paediatric hand fractures heal well with excellent functional outcomes due to the high remodelling capacity of paediatric bones. Early mobilisation and appropriate immobilisation are key to preventing stiffness. Despite the generally favourable prognosis, certain fractures remain challenging to diagnose and treat, highlighting the need for specialised care. The aim of this review article is to discuss the epidemiology, fracture patterns, diagnostic challenges and management strategies essential for optimising functional outcomes and minimising long-term complications in treating paediatric hand fractures. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Factors Affecting Appearance after Thumb Polydactyly Reconstruction – A Caregiver’s Perspective in an Asian Population
Authors: CHANG Min Kai , KWANG Lauren Hui Ling , CHUA Ashley Hsi Yin , LEE Nicole Kim Luan , CHEW Ee Ming 
Published: November 2024

Background: Current research on thumb polydactyly reconstruction focusses primarily on clinical evaluations. Details on aesthetic outcomes are relatively lacking. This study aims to address this gap by: (1) investigating the effectiveness of surgical treatment in achieving symmetrical thumb size, length and girth; (2) assessing aesthetic outcomes from a caregiver’s perspective and (3) identifying key factors that influence aesthetic outcomes to inform strategies to improve surgical reconstruction. Methods: Patients who underwent thumb polydactyly reconstruction were recalled for assessment. Objective measurements of both the reconstructed and unaffected thumbs were taken. Surgical scars were evaluated by measuring their length and using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). To assess the appearance of the reconstructed thumbs, we used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) through surveys completed by the primary caregiver of each patient. Caregivers also provided reasons for any unsatisfactory appearance outcomes and we correlated these with objective factors. Results: This study included 26 paediatric patients with 29 reconstructed thumbs. The mean VAS score for overall thumb appearance was 7.8 ± 2.2. While surgical treatment achieved symmetry in most anthropometric measures, reconstructed thumbs had smaller nail plates and greater joint angulation. Caregiver assessment of thumb width was closely related to the objective interphalangeal joint (IPJ) girth measurements, and perceived excessive angulation was related to the IPJ angle. Symmetry was not associated with nail fold width or scar location. However, perceived scar prominence was linked to VSS score and scar location. Conclusions: Thumb polydactyly reconstruction achieves symmetry in size, length and girth, but nail plate size and joint angulation remain significant challenges. Despite this, caregivers are generally satisfied with the overall appearance. Attention should be focussed on improving thumb IPJ girth, IPJ angulation and scar location to enhance overall aesthetic outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
External Short-Circuit Scenarios under Different Mechanical Pressures Applied to Lithium-Ion Cells with Silicon-Dominant Anodes
Authors: Friedrich S. , Savvin V. , Wilhelm R. , Jossen A. 
Published: November 2024

The safety behavior of lithium-ion cells using high contents of silicon as new anode active material was barely investigated. This work investigates the short-circuit behavior of self-manufactured single-layered pouch cells using 70 wt% microscale silicon and NCA cathodes in a novel dual reference cell setup consisting of a gold wire and a lithium metal reference electrode. Six cells were externally shortened at three different pressure settings using a novel developed quasi-isothermal calorimetric short-circuit test bench. The same current plateaus and transition zones were observed for all pressure settings, as reported in the literature for graphite-containing anodes. In addition, a direct dependency of the short-circuit intensity and the heat generation is measured for the differently compressed cells. This higher short-circuit intensity was quantitatively explained by the decreasing impedance at increased pressure settings. The built-in reference electrodes allow monitoring of the negative terminal potential, revealing potentials of up to 3.508 V versus Li+/Li and thus explaining the measured over-discharge in the range of ≈25% SoC. The post-mortem analysis reveals copper deposition on both electrodes and the separator, confirming the electrochemically measured over-discharge. Linear scans and potential trajectories reveal 3.379 V versus Li+/Li as oxidation potential for copper dissolution using copper∣∣lithium metal coin cells.