bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERHITUNGAN ISI AWAL MINYAK DI TEMPAT DAN PERHITUNGAN RECOVERY FACTOR SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH INJEKSI AIR PADA RESERVOIR ALFA
Authors: Said Lestari , Wahyuni Margareht sri 
Published: December 2018

Dilakukan perhitungan isi awal minyak di tempat atau original oil in place (OOIP) dan recovery factor sebelum dan sesudah injeksi air pada reservoir Alfa. Pada perhitungan OOIP digunakan dua metode, yaitu metode volumetrik dan material balance garis lurus. Sebelum melakukan perhitungan OOIP dengan metode material balance garis lurus, jenis mekanisme pendorong harus terlebih dahulu diketahui untuk menentukan grafik yang digunakan dalam metode material balance garis lurus. Metode penentuan jenis mekanisme pendorong, yaitu metode perhitungan drive index dan Ganesh Thakur,. Sedangkan untuk menghitung recovery factor sebelum dan sesudah injeksi digunakan analisa decline curve yang dilakukan secara dua tahap, yaitu tahap primary recovery dan secondary recovery (injeksi air). Analisa decline curve ditentukan dengan menggunakan status sumur produki aktif yang relatif konstan Jenis exponent decline (b) yang dipilih adalah exponential decline curve, dengan nilai rate of decline (Di) telah otomatis terhitung saat penarikan garis decline dengan software OFM. Hasil perhitungan OOIP dengan menggunakan metode volumetric adalah sebesar 75.63 MMSTB dan untuk metode material balance garis lurus adalah sebesar 78.5 MMSTB. Sedangkan jenis mekanisme pendorong dari reservoir Alfa adalah solution gas drive.Dan hasil analisa decline curve pada tahap primary recovery menunjukan bahwa reservoir Alfa dapat berproduksi hingga 31 Mei 2012 dengan nilai Estimate Ultimate Recovery sebesar 24514.1 MSTB, dan Recovery Factor sebesar 31.32%. Sedangkan untuk tahap secondary recovery menunjukkan bahwa reservoir Alfa dapat berproduksi hingga 31 Maret 2022 dengan nilai Estimate Ultimate Recovery sebesar 781.314 MSTB, dan Recovery Factor sebesar 1%.
PENGUJIAN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH DAN THICKENING TIME PADA SEMEN PEMBORAN KELAS G DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ADDITIF RETADER
Authors: Samura Lisa , Zabidi Lilik 
Published: December 2018

Penggunaan additif pada semen biasa dilakukan dalam operasi penyemenan sumur minyak,gas,dan panas bumi. Sifat bubur semen harus disesuaikan dengan kondisi formasi. Kualitas bubur semen yang digunakan akan ditinjau dari parameter kualitasnya yaitu nilai compressive strength yang cukup besar dan thickening time yang tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besarnya peningkatan compressive strength dan thickening time pada sampel semen yang ditambahkan additif retarder jenis calcium carbonate, hydrated lime dan lignosulfonate .Selanjutnya diselidiki additif yang paling efektif dalam peningkatan compressive strength dan thickening time.Dari penelitian dihasilkan additif hydrated lime dengan konsentrasi 1.5% pada temperature 140 F sebagai aditif dengan compressive strength paling besar. Dan aditif hydrated lime dengan konsentrasi 1.5% pada temperature 80 F sebagai aditif yang memiliki thickening time paling lama.
Korelasi Konsentrasi Surfaktan NaLS Ampas Tebu Pada Beberapa Salinitas Terhadap Pengukuran IFT
Authors: Maulani Mustamina , Setiati Rini 
Published: December 2018

Uji tegangan antar muka (Interfacial tension, IFT) antara minyak dan mikroemulsi merupakan salah satu parameter utama dalam proses EOR. Pengukuran tegangan antar muka perlu dilakukan sebelum surfaktan digunakan sebagai fluida injeksi. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur tegangan antar muka adalah Spinning Drop yang dapat mengukur tegangan antar muka hingga 10-6 mN/m. Perhitungan IFT pada alat ini menggunakan persamaan Vonnegut. Hasil pengukuran IFT ini kemudian diplot dalam satu grafik untuk mendapatkan persamaan garis yang terbentuk dengan melihat koefisien korelasi (R) dari persamaan garis pada grafik tersebut. Berdasarkan persamaan garis yang terbentuk, koefisien korelasi yang diperoleh untuk salinitas 10.000 ppm dan 20.000 ppm adalah 0.9841 dan 0.9258 dapat digunakan sebagai sample karena dapat mewakili populasi. Nilai koefisien korelasi 0.9841 dan 0.9258 keduanya diatas 0.9, maka dapat diartikan bahwa korelasi antara X dan Y sangat kuat sekali. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa pasa sistem surfaktan NaLs ampas tebu dengan sampel minyak ringan dapat terjadi korelasi yang sangat kuat antara konsentrasi surfaktan NaLS terhadap nilai IFT pada sistem surfaktan NaLS – minyak. Karena nilai koefisien korelasi diatas 0.9 maka dapat digunakan sebagai sample karena dapat mewakili populasi dan rumus persamaan korelasi dapat digunakan untuk menghitung nilai IFT berdasarkan konsentrasi surfaktan yang digunakan. Penentuan nilai IFT pada salinitas larutan 10.000 ppm, dapat dihitung berdasarkan konsentrasi yang digunakan dengan menggunakan rumus Y = 5103,7 X2 - 294,96X + 5,9561. Sedangkan pada salinitas larutan 20.000 ppm, nilai IFT dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Y = 2666,1 X2 - 249,07X +7,8571
KUALITAS AIR SUMUR-SUMUR PENDUDUK DI KELURAHAN JATI PULOGADUNG JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Lestari Lestari , Thoriq Ziad 
Published: December 2018

Dari analisa air di kelurahan Jati Pulogadung , kualitas air sebagian besar (13 dari 16 c9ntoh sampel memenuhi standart air bersih. Terdapat 3 contoh air yang tidak sesuai dan 13 contoh air yang sesuai standart baku mutu air bersih yang ditetapkan Departemen Kesehatan . Dua contoh air mempunyai pH lebih rendah dari standart maksimum yang diijinkan yakni pH 6.2 dan 6.4, standart maksimum 6.5 – 9. Dua contoh air mempunyai kadar mangan (Mn) melebihi standart maksimum yang diperbolehkan yakni (1.022 dan 0.970) mg/L, standart maksimum 0.5 mg/L. Tiga belas contoh air mempunyai parameter sesuai standart baku mutu air bersih dengan range, warna <1 – 5, tidak berbau, tidak berasa, kekeruhan (0,17 – 16,20)mg/L,zat padat (115.3 – 419.5)mg/Lm zat organic (1.26 – 2.81)mg/L, pH (6.5 – 7.8), kesadahan (25.84 – 284.27) mg/L, besi (< 0.155 – 0.98), mg/Lm , Mangan (<0.048 – 0.446) mg/L, Sulfat (7 – 52) mg/L, Nitrit (<0.004 – 0.14), mg/L, Chlorida (12.52 – 68.44)mg/L, Fluorida (0.16 – 0.33)mg/L, Nitrat (0.014 -4.441)mg/L, Seng ( <0.080)mg/L dan Sianida (<0.028)
KONSENTRASI SILIKA DALAM UAP ENTALPI TINGGI PADA INLET TURBIN PLTP 150 MW.ELECTRIC
Authors: Pudyastuti Kris , Hartono Kartika Fajarwati , Fadliah Fadliah , Fadhlurrahman M. Syarif 
Published: December 2018

Secara luas diyakini bahwa kelarutan silika (SiO2) di dalam uap panas bumi bertekanan rendah (5-10 bar) bisa diabaikan. Namun demikian ketika aliran massa uap yang melebihi 1.249 (10)7 ton per tahun diperhitungkan, maka akan ditemukan bahwa jumlah silika terlarut di dalam uap yang ditransmisikan ke jaringan produksi memiliki potensi untuk memberikan endapan yang signifikan pada nosel turbin dan blade.Tulisan ini menjelaskan bagaimana menghitung jumlah silika terlarut dalam uap yang dipisahkan dari fluida panas bumi suhu tinggi (entalpi tinggi), pada inlet turbine sebuah PLTP. Data TDS silika terlarut di dalam fluida panas bumi suhu tinggi yang digunakan dalam studi ini merupakan informasi yang diambil dari beberapa publikasi. Proporsi silika di dalam uap pada inlet turbine dihitung dengan menggunakan hubungan sederhana, yaitu rasio konsentrasi silika dalam uap dan air versus rasio densitas dalam uap dan air.Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa sebuah PLTP 150 MWelectric , yang memanfaatkan aliran massa fluida dari reservoir liquid dominated 250 oC, dengan separator tekanan 10 bar, telah membawa sekitar 278 kg per tahun larutan silika dalam fase uap.
Acil Servis Çalışanlarında Stres ve İş Tatmini: Temel Benlik Değerlendirmeleri ve Sosyal Desteğin Rolü
Authors: AGLAR Afra Elif , ARİKAN Selma 
Published: December 2018

Amaç : Acil servisler; fiziksel ve duygusal iş talebinin yüksek, iş kaynaklarının ise sınırlı olduğu çalışma ortamlarıdır. Bu durum, acil servis çalışanlarının deneyimledikleri iş stresi ve tatminini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; acil servis çalışanlarında, temel benlik değerlendirmelerinin ve sosyal desteğin, iş stresi ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi nasıl etkilediğini araştırmaktır. Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmaya İstanbul’da çeşitli hastanelerde görev yapan 267 acil servis çalışanı gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veriler; İş Stresi Ölçeği, Minnesota İş Tatmini Ölçeği, Temel Benlik Değerlendirmeleri Ölçeği, Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar: Analiz sonuçları, iş stresi ve iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkide, temel benlik değerlendirmeleri ve sosyal destek değişkenlerinin biçimleyici bir etkisi olmadığını göstermiştir. İş stresinin; iş tatmini, temel benlik değerlendirmeleri ve sosyal destek ile negatif yönde ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Öte yandan, iş tatmininin ise temel benlik değerlendirmeleri ve sosyal destek ile pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Özgün Değer: Bu araştırmada ilk kez iş stresi ve iş tatmini ilişkisinde temel benlik değerlendirmeleri ve sosyal desteğin biçimleyici rolü incelenmiştir. Bu açıdan bu araştırma gelecekte yapılacak benzer araştırmalar için bir referans noktası olabilir.
EXPEDIENTE / MASTHEAD
Authors: Unicap Paralellus 
Published: December 2018

Editor-GerenteProf. Dr. Newton Darwin de Andrade Cabral, PPG-CR UNICAPEmails: newton@unicap.br / paralellus.ppgcrunicap@gmail.com ADMINISTRAÇÃO SUPERIOR DA UNICAPPresidente/ChancelerPe. João Renato Eidt, S.J.Provincial dos Jesuítas do Brasil ReitorProf. Dr. Pe. Pedro Rubens Ferreira Oliveira, S.J.Telefone: 2119-4110E-mail: prubens@unicap.br Pró-reitoriasPró-reitora de Pesquisa e Pós-graduaçãoProfª Drª Valdenice José RaimundoTelefone: 2119-4088E-mail: valdenice@unicap.brPró-reitor de Graduação e ExtensãoProf. Dr. Degislando Nóbrega de LimaTelefone: 2119-4055E-mail: degis@unicap.brPró-reitor ComunitárioProf. Dr. Pe. Lúcio Flávio Ribeiro CirneTelefone: 2119-4146E-mail: lucio@unicap.brPró-reitor AdministrativoProf. Msc. Márcio Waked de Moraes RêgoTelefone: 2119-4142E-mail: marcio.waked@unicap.brChefe de GabineteProf. Rodrigo PellegrinoTelefone: 2119-4037Email: pellegrino@unicap.brCoordenadora do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião da UNICAPProfª Drª Zuleica Dantas Pereira CamposTelefone: 2119-4022Email: zuleica@unicap.br
O TEMPO DEMARCADO: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS FESTAS RELIGIOSAS NOS LIVROS DO ANTIGO TESTAMENTO
Authors: Petruski Maura Regina 
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho se ateve em conhecer princípios que serviram de referência para a organização de práticas religiosas determinadas por indivíduos que viveram no tempo bíblico do Antigo Testamento. Para sua construção, o livro sagrado dos cristãos católicos deixou de ser visto como parâmetro de uma doutrina a ser seguida, passando a ser observado como fonte de pesquisa, na medida que os preceitos religiosos não foram utilizados como objetos de questionamentos e tornaram-se secundários nas observações estabelecidas. As festas religiosas regeram o tempo físico dos homens elevando-o à condição de sagrado unindo num mesmo momento duas categorias distintas, terrena e sobrenatural. Porém, para sua vigência, elementos da natureza foram utilizados como balizadores, visto que a partir de sua presença instalava-se outra ordem no seio das comunidades. Por intermédio dessas festividades pode se perceber a trajetória de uma comunidade que partilhava as mesmas experiências que convergiam para a espiritualização do ser, constituindo-se em traços de uma cultura religiosa que ultrapassou fronteiras e o tempo.Palavras chaves: religiosidade, comemoração, festividades.Abstract: The present work was focused on knowing elements that served as reference for the organization of religious practices established by individuals who lived in the Biblical time of the Old Testament. For its construction, the sacred book of Catholic Christians was no longer seen as a reference of a doctrine to be followed, and began to be regarded as a source of research, since religious precepts were not used as objects of questioning and became observations. The religious festivals regulated the physical time of men, raising it to the status of sacred by uniting at once two distinct categories, earthly and supernatural. However, for its establishment, elements of nature were used as beacons, since from its presence another order was installed within the communities. Through it, one can perceive the trajectory of a community that shared the same experiences that converged for the spiritualization of being, constituting in traces of a religious culture that crossed borders and time.Key words: religiousness, celebration, festivities.Enviado: 19-05-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
"JOIAS PARA A CORÔA DO MESTRE”: L. M. BRATCHER E OS DISCURSOS SOBRE A NECESSIDADE DE SALVAÇÃO DO SERTÃO ATRAVÉS DO PROTESTANTISMO BATISTA
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Julião , De Souza José Roberto 
Published: December 2018

O objetivo do presente artigo é a análise dos discursos produzidos por L. M. Bratcher e divulgados nas páginas d’O Jornal Batista, mostrando os resultados de sua viagem realizada em 1935 pelo interior do país. A referida viagem tinha como principal meta a expansão evangélica para as religiões descritas nos textos em questão. Em suas descrições, o referido missionário procurava sensibilizar seus leitores acerca das futuras missões a serem implantadas entre os sertanejos na Amazônia. Eram usados interdiscursos relacionados a avivamentos, heroísmo, liberalidade e disponibilidade com o objetivo de angariar recursos humanos e financeiros para os projetos que estavam sendo desenvolvidos pela Junta de Missões Nacionais da Convenção Batista Brasileira. Faremos uso de uma análise expositiva e descritiva, narrando os eventos que eram relatados em seus diários, observando os contextos histórico, político e religioso no qual Bratcher estava inserido. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua com as discussões em torno da expansão missionária protestante no Brasil dentro dos campos analíticos da História e Ciência das Religiões. Palavras-chave: Bratcher – Missões – O Jornal BatistaAbstract: The objective of this article is the analysis of the speeches produced by L. M. Bratcher and published in the pages of the O Jornal Batista, showing the results of his trip in 1935 in the interior of the country. This trip had as main goal the evangelical expansion for the religions described in the texts in question. In his descriptions, the said missionary sought to sensitize his readers about the future missions to be implemented among the sertanejos in the Amazon. Interdiscourses related to revivals, heroism, liberality and availability were used in order to raise human and financial resources for the projects being developed by the National Missions Board of the Brazilian Baptist Convention. We will use an expository and descriptive analysis, narrating the events that were reported in his journals, observing the historical, political and religious contexts in which Bratcher was inserted. It is hoped that this work will contribute to the discussions about Protestant missionary expansion in Brazil within the analytical fields of the History and Science of Religions.Keywords: Bratcher - Missions – O Jornal Batista.Enviado: 20-07-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
TEOLOGIA A MARTELADAS
Authors: Ottaviani Edelcio Serafim , Frezzato Anderson 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo, por meio de uma pesquisa documental e analítica das “Notas sobre a situação dos padres belgas no Brasil” (1960), procura ressaltar a metodologia de trabalho do teólogo José Comblin: uma reflexão teológica a marteladas. A exemplo de Nietzsche, com golpes certeiros, ele desconstrói as premissas da carta Encíclica Fidei Donumde Pio XII. Por meio delas, Comblin mostra que o problema do Brasil não está na quantidade de missionários a receber, seja da Bélgica ou de outros países europeus, mas na qualidade do trabalho que eles venham a desenvolver, ao elaborar um plano de evangelização junto ao clero local. Ao enviar essas notas ao diretor do Colégio Pró-América Latina (COPAL), Comblin deixa transparecer um elemento central do seu pensamento que continuará presente em seus escritos e projetos de evangelização: a leitura dos sinais dos tempos. Com um olhar aguçado, tratará de mostrar às autoridades eclesiásticas a existência de certa divergência entre a proposta missionária da Igreja belga e a expectativa da Igreja do Brasil. Segundo ele, trata-se mais de um trabalho de cooperação entre as Igrejas do que propriamente um labor missionário. Por meio de uma leitura dos documentos cedidos pelo COPAL e de um suporte bibliográfico, este artigo apresenta: o contexto em que foi criado o Colégio e seus objetivos iniciais; a metodologia de análise e a estrutura das “Notas”, a partir das quais nossoautor procurará contribuir para a eficácia do projeto missionário elaborado pelo COPAL.Enviado: 25-09-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
ENTRE SABERES E FAZERES: FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Junqueira Sergio Rogério Azevedo , Caron Lurdes 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo é resultado do Programa Formação Inicial e Continuada para a Diversidade do Grupo de Pesquisa Educação e Religião (GPER) que investiga os processos de formação de professores, considerando as diferentes dimensões das práticas educativas e as múltiplas perspectivas sócio-políticas e culturais, problematizando e analisando as ações e reações aos processos que visam a articulação entre teoria e prática na formação inicial e continuada compreendo a diversidade cultural religiosa. Por meio do Projeto Formação Inicial e Continuada do Professor de Ensino Religioso desenvolvendo uma pesquisa com uma abordagem qualitativa e um método bibliográfico e documental de identificação de informações sobre os projetos de formação de professores. Pois, com certeza este é um tema que nas duas últimas décadas tem se tornado um desafio constante quanto a: objetivos, legislação, políticas públicas e currículo para a formação de professores. Este é um tema que vem passando por profundas transformações porque está aliado a uma corrente de diferentes fatores sociais, quer sejam de mudanças tecnológicas, quer de conhecimentos científicos, quer sejam de práticas pedagógicas. Aqui objetiva-se refletir sobre a formação continuada e permanente de professores para a educação básica no ensino fundamental I e II. Acreditamos ser um trabalho de relevância porque vem contribuir para com a formação dos profissionais da educação.Enviado: 23-10-2018 - Aprovado e publicado: 12-2018
Primary School Science Teachers’ Attitude towards Using Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) In Teaching Science
Authors: Mai Mohammed Yousef , Muruges Ghaneshwary R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the attitude of science teachers towards the usage of Frog VLE in teaching and learning primary science. The sample consisted of 148 science teachers in Cameron Highlands and Taiping (45 male and 103 female). Data is collected by questionnaire which contains 40 questions with 5 Likert scale. The independent t test and One-way ANOVA is used to answer the research questions. Findings indicated that the science teachers in Cameron Highlands and Taiping have neutral attitude towards the usage of Frog VLE in teaching primary science. There are no any significant differences in the attitude towards Frog VLE among science teachers between male and female. Teachers with less experience (younger teacher) have greater attitude compared to old teachers. Science teachers with higher professional grade have greater attitude compared to the teachers with lower professional grade. Hence, science teachers are encouraged to attend courses and develop skills in using Frog VLE to increase their attitude in usage of Frog VLE in teaching science.
THE THEORY OF THE INTERNALLY STUDENTIZED RANGE DISTRIBUTION REVISITED
Authors: FERREIRA Daniel Furtado , CHAVES Lucas Monteiro , SOUZA Devanil Jaques de 
Published: December 2018

The present paper intends to revisit the distribution of the ratio of the range to the sample standard deviation, known as the distribution of the internally studentized range, in the normal case. This distribution has its importance recognized in several areas, as quality control and inference, for testing the lack of homogeneity of the data or kurtosis. An alternative distribution to the one presented by David et al. (1954), based on the distribution of the maximum, is proposed. We exhibit a detailed proof for the distribution of the internally studentized range in the normal case and sample size 3. We also provide a new result: the distribution for the uniform case with sample of size 3.
THE USE OF CONTRASTS IN MULTIVARIATE NONLINEAR MIXED MODELS TO COMPARE TREATMENTS IN LONGITUDINAL FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTS
Authors: CARVALHO Lídia Raquel , MISCHAN Martha Maria , PASSOS José Raimundo de Souza , PINHO Sheila Zambello de 
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to establish contrasts in multivariate nonlinear mixed models to verify the effects of treatments in experiments with longitudinal data and multiple responses. The evaluated nonlinear functions were the three parameters curves logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy. The random variables were added to the fixed parameters, asymptote α , abscissa of the inflection point β, and parameter γ. The best fitted model was expanded with covariates, which establish orthogonal contrasts, in order to verify main effects and interactions in factorial experiments. The methodology was applied to analyse data of an experiment with citrus, in which case the logistic bivariate mixed effects model was the best fit. The chosen model allowed comparisons between treatments in a global context of more than one dependent variable and throughout the measurement period.
THE BETA EXPONENTIATED WEIBULL GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION: MODELING, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES, ESTIMATION AND AN APPLICATION TO A CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA DATASET
Authors: LOUZADA Francisco , ELBATAL Ibrahim , GRANZOTTO Daniele Cristina Tita 
Published: December 2018

A new distribution, the so called beta exponentiated Weibull geometric (BEWG) distribution is proposed. The new distribution is generated from the logit of a beta random variable and includes the exponentiated Weibull geometric distribution as particular case. Various structural properties including explicit expressions for the moments, moment generating function, mean deviation of the new distribution are derived. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by maximum likelihood method. The usefulness of the model was showed by using a real dataset. In order to validate the results a simulation bootstrap is presented in this paper.
Pengembangan Prekultur Oxgall sebagai Sampel Klinis untuk Deteksi Salmonella typhi dengan Metode Real-time PCR
Authors: Gunawan Annisa Pratiwi , Djuminar Ai , Ernawati Ernawati , Chaidir Lidya 
Published: December 2018

Demam tifoid merupakan beban kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di negara berpenghasilan rendah yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (S.typhi). Manifestasi klinis demam tifoid bervariasi dan tidak spesifik, sehingga membuat diagnosis menjadi sulit. Dengan menggunakan oxgall untuk pra-inkubasi sebagai media kultur selektif sebelum amplifikasi Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) pada wholeblood menghasilkan diagnostic yang cepat dan sensitif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja oxgall sebelum amplifikasi RT-PCR untuk deteksi Salmonella sp . Sebelum proses pengambilan sampel, dilakukan optimasi spike sampel untuk mengetahui bahwa reagen yang digunakan baik untuk spesimen klinis. Dalam proses sampel, sampel wholeblood diambil dari 30 pasien dengan positif Widal tes. Sampel darah vena dari pasien demam tifoid diambil pada hari diagnosis; 5 ml untuk kultur darah, dan 5 ml untuk RT-PCR. Bakteri ditanam di oxgall 10% (standar mikrobiologi laboratorium klinik) dan diinkubasi selama 6 jam (37 ° C) sebelum DNA bakteri diisolasi untuk deteksi RT-PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reagen RT-PCR baik digunakan untuk sampel klinis dan kultur darah lebih baik daripada RT-PCR dengan menggunakan oxgall (hasil kultur darah positif lebih dari 24 jam). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa harus ada penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai durasi inkubasi dan konsentrasi oxgall pada RT-PCR dan pemilihan sampel klinis.