bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of IIR filters based on least ℓp‐norm using a novel meta‐heuristic algorithm
Authors: Ghibeche Youcef , Saadi Slami , Hafaifa Ahmed 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, an optimal infinite impulse response (IIR) filter is designed using least Pth norm and new meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm called Crow Search Algorithm (CSA). The two approaches try to get a resolution to the specified problem but use unlike approaches to perform so. Furthermore, the ℓp‐norm is used to design optimum IIR filters. The main motivation of using CSA is its user‐friendly optimization tool for both beginner and professional users. This Algorithm provides a good stability between variety and strength which are mainly controlled by the parameter of awareness probability. Some examples of IIR filter design cases are treated, and a comparison is done. It is revealed that the design objective is successfully attained, and the resultant filter parameters are better using the ℓp‐norm combined with the proposed CSA meta‐heuristic optimization algorithms compared with IIR filter designed using butter synthesis approach in terms of accuracy and robustness. Classical approaches are largely outperformed by CSA for the same filter order.
Investigating vancomycin dosing during a patient's transition from intermittent dosing to continuous infusion
Authors: Sclater Erin J. A. , Welch Susan A. , Samios Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate vancomycin dosing during the transition from intermittent dosing (ID) to continuous infusion (CI) in preparation for discharge on infuser bottles.MethodsPatients discharged with vancomycin infuser bottles (01/01/11 to 31/12/13) were identified from pharmacy dispensing software. Data including demographics, microbiology, dosing and plasma concentrations were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Dosing was compared against current guidelines.ResultsTwenty patients had switched from ID to CI and were discharged on infuser bottles. At initiation of ID 65% (13/20) were started on total daily doses (TDD) that reflected guidelines. At the switch, 50% (10/20) were at steady state and 30% (6/20) were known to have therapeutic plasma concentrations. When switched to CI, 50% (10/20) were started on a dose that matched the TDD received during ID, while 30% (6/20) were switched to a lower — and 20% (4/20) to a higher — CI starting dose. At discharge 60% (12/20) of patients recorded therapeutic plasma concentrations; 30% (6/20) of patients remained on a CI dose that was equal to the TDD received prior to switching and 45% (9/20) had a decreased dose; while 25% (5/20) had their doses increased. Compared to current guidelines, 65% (13/20) were receiving a lower than recommended TDD. Patients stabilised on a CI for at least 72 h before discharge were less likely to require dose changes post‐discharge.ConclusionThe TDD recommended in current guidelines for ID may not reflect the patients’ needs when prescribing a CI. Lower than recommended doses are more often required. Stabilising CI dosing prior to discharge can improve outpatient treatment by reducing post‐discharge dosage changes.
Physician perceptions of integrating pharmacists into health care in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammed A. , Khan Seher A. , Gunaseelan Simi , Talukder Rahmat M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPharmacy schools in Bangladesh are introducing clinical pharmacy education so that future graduates can provide patient care services in collaboration with physicians.AimsThe objective of this study is to assess physicians’ attitude towards future patient‐centered roles of pharmacists in Bangladesh.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to randomly selected physicians (n = 160) practising at various settings in Dhaka, Bangladesh.ResultsThe survey response rate was 64%. Physicians felt comfortable with the future roles of pharmacists in dispensing medications (81%), educating patients on the safe use of medications (85%), detecting/preventing prescription errors (56%), designing drug therapy regimens (78%), monitoring safety (80%) and therapeutic outcomes (62%).ConclusionPhysicians were in favor of expanded roles of the profession towards patient‐centered care. These findings may positively impact interprofessional dialogue as pharmacy education is undergoing restructuring to introduce clinical pharmacy practice in Bangladesh.
Purification and characterization of FtsZ from the citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
Authors: Kopacz Malgorzata M. , Lorenzoni André S. G. , Polaquini Carlos R. , Regasini Luis O. , Scheffers Dirk‐Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractXanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) is the causative agent of citrus canker, a plant disease that significantly impacts citriculture. In earlier work, we showed that alkylated derivatives of gallic acid have antibacterial action against Xac and target both the cell division protein FtsZ and membrane integrity in Bacillus subtilis. Here, we have purified native XacFtsZ and characterized its GTP hydrolysis and polymerization properties. In a surprising manner, inhibition of XacFtsZ activity by alkyl gallates is not as strong as observed earlier with B. subtilis FtsZ. As the alkyl gallates efficiently permeabilize Xac membranes, we propose that this is the primary mode of antibacterial action of these compounds.
Comparison of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions in open versus closed spinal dysraphism: A prospective cross‐sectional study of 318 patients
Authors: Peyronnet Benoit , Brochard Charlène , Jezequel Magali , Hascoet Juliette , Alimi Quentin , Senal Nelly , Carsin‐Nicole Béatrice , Riffaud Laurent , Le Reste Pierre‐Jean , Bonan Isabelle , Olivari‐Philiponnet Camille , Siproudhis Laurent , Kerdraon Jacques , Game Xavier , Manunta Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo compare the neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with closed spinal dysraphism (CSD) versus patients with open spinal dysraphism (OSD) as well as their management patterns.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted between September 2007 and December 2015 including all spina bifida patients seen at the multidisciplinary French national referral center for spina bifida. NLUTD and its management were compared between the OSD and CSD groups.ResultsThree hundred and eighteen patients were included for analysis: 100 with a CSD (31.5%) and 218 with an OSD (68.6%). The prevalence of urinary incontinence did not differ significantly between the two groups (43% vs 52.8%; P = 0.11), the mean Qualiveen score was also similar (2.7 vs 2.5, P = 0.22). The voiding mechanism was clean intermittent catheterization, spontaneous voiding, suprapubic tube, and ileal conduit in 55% versus 44%; 29.8% versus 47%; 2.8% versus 3% and 11.9% versus 6% of OSD and CSD patients, respectively (P = 0.02). There were comparable prevalences of detrusor overactivity (36.5% vs 38.8%; P = 0.68) and impaired bladder compliance (34.9% vs 31.7%; P = 0.56) in both groups. Augmentation cystoplasty was more common in patients with OSD (32.1% vs 11%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort, NLUTD were more common in OSD with a higher rate of patients requiring a surgical treatment and a lower rate of patients with preserved spontaneous voiding. However, when present, NLUTD was as severe and troublesome in patients with closed versus open spinal dysraphism.
Enteral Nutrition via Nasogastric Tube for Refeeding Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rizzo Saara M. , Douglas Joy W. , Lawrence Jeannine C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWeight restoration is an important first step in treating patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), because it is essential for medical stabilization and reversal of long‐term complications. Tube feeding may help facilitate weight restoration, but its role in treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to review the literature describing the efficacy, safety, tolerance, and long‐term effects of nasogastric (NG) refeeding for patients with AN. Four electronic databases were systematically searched through May 2018. Boolean search terms included “anorexia nervosa,” “refeeding,” and “nasogastric tube feeding.” Ten studies were eligible for inclusion: 8 retrospective chart reviews, 1 prospective cohort, and 1 randomized controlled trial. Nine of the studies were performed in‐hospital. In 8 studies, NG nutrition resulted in an average rate of weight gain exceeding 1 kg/wk. In 4 of 5 studies including an oral‐only control group, mean weekly weight gain and caloric intake were significantly higher in tube‐fed patients. Six studies provided prophylactic phosphate supplementation, all with <1% occurrence rate of refeeding hypophosphatemia. Seven studies reported on other physiological disturbances, 6 evaluated medical and gastrointestinal side effects, 3 considered psychological outcomes, and 4 assessed patients postdischarge. Results indicated that NG feeding was not associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes. Overall, in these studies, NG nutrition was considered safe and well tolerated, and effectively increased caloric intake and rate of weight gain in patients with AN. However, results are limited by weaknesses in study designs, and more rigorous methods are needed for development of evidence‐based, standardized refeeding protocols.
Energetic Microparticle Adhesion to Functionalized Surfaces
Authors: Hoss Darby J. , Mukherjee Sanjoy , Boudouris Bryan W. , Beaudoin Stephen P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurface chemistry influences interfacial interactions, and while these interactions have been evaluated in many synthetic and biological systems, they have important but unexplored implications in trace explosives detection. Specifically, the detection of energetic materials is a challenging, urgent goal, and one of the most common means by which this effort is implemented at air transportation checkpoints is using methods based on contact sampling. Elucidating the molecular and interfacial interactions of energetic materials with functionalized surfaces provides fundamental knowledge and also advances the goal of improved materials for trace detection. Here, in order to evaluate the effects of specific functional groups on adhesion, atomic force microscopy (AFM) pull‐off force measurements were performed using nitrate‐based energetic (and non‐energetic) particles against self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of representative chemical functionalities. These SAMs‐on‐gold substrates were selected to evaluate surface chemistry effects due to their reproducibility, facile production, and versatile tunability. In addition to the experimental results, stabilization energies for the optimized most‐stable configurations for a coupled receptor‐analyte system were determined using density functional theory (DFT). From these combined experimental and computational efforts, it is established that the adhesion between detection surfaces and common energetic materials at the macroscopic scales is correlated to the interaction energies at the molecular level. Moreover, the electron deficient nature of nitro‐rich energetic compounds results in stronger interactions with surfaces functionalized with electron‐donating units. Ultimately, these results will facilitate the rational design of energetic particle collection materials through chemical tailoring in order to enhance the detection and defeat of explosive materials.
Front Cover: Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 9
Authors: Krugner Rodrigo , Gordon Shira D 
Published: August 2018

The front cover image, by Rodrigo Krugner and Shira D. Gordon, is based on the Research Article Mating disruption of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) by playback of vibrational signals in vineyard trellis, DOI: 10.1002/ps.4930.
image
Chemistry‐Driven Epigenetic Investigation of Histone and DNA Modifications
Authors: Sueoka Takuma , Koyama Kenta , Hayashi Gosuke , Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the regulation processes of gene expression, genomic DNA and nuclear proteins, including histone proteins, cooperate with each other, leading to the distinctive functions of eukaryotic cells such as pluripotency and differentiation. Chemical modification of histone proteins and DNA has been revealed as one of the major driving forces in the complicated epigenetic regulation system. However, understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms is still limited. To address this issue, researchers have proposed both biological and chemical strategies for the preparation and detection of modified proteins and nucleic acids. In this review, we focus on chemical methods around the field of epigenetics. Chemical protein synthesis has enabled the preparation of site‐specifically modified histones and their successful application to various in vitro assays, which have emphasized the significance of posttranslational modifications of interest. We also review the modification‐specific chemical reactions against synthetic and genomic DNA, which enabled discrimination of several modified bases at single‐base resolution.
Updated global analysis of neutrino oscillations in the presence of eV-scale sterile neutrinos
Authors: Dentler Mona , Hernández-Cabezudo Álvaro , Kopp Joachim , Machado Pedro , Maltoni Michele , Martinez-Soler Ivan , Schwetz Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

We discuss the possibility to explain the anomalies in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments in terms of sterile neutrinos. We work in a 3 + 1 framework and pay special attention to recent new data from reactor experiments, IceCube and MINOS+. We find that results from the DANSS and NEOS reactor experiments support the sterile neutrino explanation of the reactor anomaly, based on an analysis that relies solely on the relative comparison of measured reactor spectra. Global data from the ν

e
disappearance channel favour sterile neutrino oscillations at the 3σ level with Δm
41
2
≈ 1.3 eV2 and |U

e4| ≈ 0.1, even without any assumptions on predicted reactor fluxes. In contrast, the anomalies in the ν

e
appearance channel (dominated by LSND) are in strong tension with improved bounds on ν

μ
disappearance, mostly driven by MINOS+ and IceCube. Under the sterile neutrino oscillation hypothesis, the p-value for those data sets being consistent is less than 2.6 × 10−6. Therefore, an explanation of the LSND anomaly in terms of sterile neutrino oscillations in the 3 + 1 scenario is excluded at the 4.7σ level. This result is robust with respect to variations in the analysis and used data, in particular it depends neither on the theoretically predicted reactor neutrino fluxes, nor on constraints from any single experiment. Irrespective of the anomalies, we provide updated constraints on the allowed mixing strengths |U

α4| (α = e, μ, τ ) of active neutrinos with a fourth neutrino mass state in the eV range.
Morphological diversity and connectivity of hippocampal interneurons
Authors: Booker Sam A. , Vida Imre 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The mammalian forebrain is constructed from ensembles of neurons that form local microcircuits giving rise to the exquisite cognitive tasks the mammalian brain can perform. Hippocampal neuronal circuits comprise populations of relatively homogenous excitatory neurons, principal cells and exceedingly heterogeneous inhibitory neurons, the interneurons. Interneurons release GABA from their axon terminals and are capable of controlling excitability in every cellular compartment of principal cells and interneurons alike; thus, they provide a brake on excess activity, control the timing of neuronal discharge and provide modulation of synaptic transmission. The dendritic and axonal morphology of interneurons, as well as their afferent and efferent connections within hippocampal circuits, is central to their ability to differentially control excitability, in a cell-type- and compartment-specific manner. This review aims to provide an up-to-date compendium of described hippocampal interneuron subtypes, with respect to their morphology, connectivity, neurochemistry and physiology, a full understanding of which will in time help to explain the rich diversity of neuronal function.
The Positive Predictive Value of Onconeural Antibody Testing: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Budhram Adrian , Nicolle Michael W. , Yang Liju 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParaneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are immune-mediated neurologic diseases that occur as an indirect effect of malignancy, and can be challenging to diagnose. Onconeural antibodies have a greater than 95% association with cancer, and their presence in a patient with neurologic symptoms is reportedly highly indicative of PNS. However, we performed a single-centre retrospective review to determine the positive predictive value of onconeural antibody testing, and found it to be concerningly low (39%). Recognising the limitations of onconeural antibody testing is critical to ensure accurate test interpretation, avoid unnecessary repeated malignancy screening and prevent the use of potentially hazardous immunotherapy.
Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic measurement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in major depression before and after electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Knudsen Marie Krøll , Near Jamie , Blicher Anne Bastholm , Videbech Poul , Blicher Jakob Udby 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivePrior studies suggest that a dysregulation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is involved in the pathophysiology of major depression. We aimed to elucidate changes in cortical GABA content in relation to depression and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).MethodsIn total, 11 patients with major depression or depressive episode of bipolar disorder (mean pre-ECT Ham-17 of 26) and 11 healthy subjects were recruited. GABA was quantified using short-TE MRS in prefrontal and occipital cortex. Other neurometabolites such as glutathione (GSH), N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate (Glu) were secondary outcome measures.ResultsNo significant differences in GABA/Cr levels were observed between patients at baseline and healthy subjects in prefrontal cortex, t(20)=0.089, p=0.93 or occipital cortex t(21)=0.37, p=0.72. All patients improved on Ham-17 (mean post-ECT Ham-17 of 9). No significant difference was found in GABA, Glu, glutamine, choline or GSH between pre- and post-ECT values. However, we observed a significant decrease in NAA levels following ECT t(22)=3.89, p=0.0038, and a significant correlation between the NAA decline and the number of ECT sessions p=0.035.ConclusionsOur study does not support prior studies arguing for GABA as a key factor in the treatment effect of ECT on major depression. The reduction in NAA levels following ECT could be due to neuronal loss or a transient dysfunction in prefrontal cortex. As no long-term follow-up scan was performed, it is unknown whether NAA levels will normalise over time.
Keto analogues and amino acid supplementation and its effects on ammonaemia during extenuating endurance exercise in ketogenic diet-fed rats
Authors: Ferreira Rogério T. , Gonçalves Sandra C. , Pedrosa Maria L. , Silva Marcelo E. , Bassini Adriana , Coelho Wagner S. , de Magalhães-Neto Aníbal M. , Prado Eduardo S. , Cameron L. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractKeto analogues and amino acids (KAAA) supplementation can reduce blood ammonia concentrations in athletes undergoing high-intensity exercise under both ketogenic and thermoneutral conditions. This study evaluated the acute effects of KAAA supplementation on ammonia metabolism during extenuating endurance exercise in rats fed a ketogenic diet. In all, eighty male Fischer rats at 90 d of age were divided into eight groups, and some were trained using a swimming endurance protocol. A ketogenic diet supplemented with keto analogues was administered for 10 d. Administration of the ketogenic diet ended 3 d before the exhaustion test (extenuating endurance exercise). A ketogenic diet plus KAAA supplementation and extenuating endurance exercise (trained ketogenic diet supplemented with KAAA (TKKa)) increased blood ammonia concentrations by approximately 50 % compared with the control diet (trained control diet supplemented with KAAA (TCKa)) and similar training (effect size=1·33; statistical power=0·50). The KAAA supplementation reduced blood urea concentrations by 4 and 18 % in the control and ketogenic diet groups, respectively, compared with the groups fed the same diets without supplementation. The trained groups had 60 % lower blood urate concentrations after TCKa treatment than after TKKa treatment. Our results suggest that KAAA supplementation can reduce blood ammonia concentrations after extenuating endurance exercise in rats fed a balanced diet but not in rats fed a ketogenic diet.
Predicting serum vitamin D concentrations based on self-reported lifestyle factors and personal attributes
Authors: Ho Vikki , Danieli Coraline , Abrahamowicz Michal , Belanger Anne-Sophie , Brunetti Vanessa , Delvin Edgard , Lacaille Julie , Koushik Anita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvidence supports the role of vitamin D in various conditions of development and ageing. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the best indicator for current vitamin D status. However, the cost of its measurement can be prohibitive in epidemiological research. We developed and validated multivariable regression models that quantified the relationships between vitamin D determinants, measured through an in-person interview, and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. A total of 200 controls participating in a population-based case–control study in Montreal, Canada, provided a blood specimen and completed an in-person interview on socio-demographic, reproductive, medical and lifestyle characteristics and personal attributes. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem MS. Multivariable least squares regression was used to build models that predict 25(OH)D concentrations from interview responses. We assessed high-order effects, performed sensitivity analysis using the lasso method and conducted cross-validation of the prediction models. Prediction models were built for users and non-users of vitamin D supplements separately. Among users, alcohol intake, outdoor time, sun protection, dose of supplement use, menopausal status and recent vacation were predictive of 25(OH)D concentrations. Among non-users, BMI, sun sensitivity, season and recent vacation were predictive of 25(OH)D concentrations. In cross-validation, 46–47 % of the variation in 25(OH)D concentrations were explained by these predictors. In the absence of 25(OH)D measures, our study supports that predicted 25(OH)D scores may be used to assign exposure in epidemiological studies that examine vitamin D exposure.
CATHOLIC SCHOOLS AS ‘A NATION IN MINIATURE’: CATHOLIC CIVISM IN SENEGAL AND BENIN, 1960–1970s
Authors: KANTROWITZ RACHEL A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCatholic school alumni played a crucial role in shaping Senegal and Benin in the first decades after independence.1Though they came from a variety of religious and socioeconomic backgrounds, they nevertheless strongly identified with their Catholic schooling experience. Indeed, these West African alumni composed a distinct social group that had been inculcated in the habits and values of ‘Catholic civism’, an ideology based around public service, self-discipline, moral restraint, honesty, and community. While many studies of educated youth emphasize their political activism, Catholic school youth engaged in the subtler process of shaping their new countries by transforming colonial-era institutions from within. Beyond politics, students who graduated in the early independence era used Catholic civism as both a social marker and an implicit social critique.