bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract from root of Smilax zeylanica on Aluminium Chloride Induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
Authors: Senthil B. Sabari , Kalaichelvan V.K. , Kottai Muthu A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the Evaluation of In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract of root of Smilax zeylanica(EESZ) on Aluminium Chloride Induced apoptosis suppressing oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract from the roots of S. china by hot continuous percolation method. The rats were divided into 5 groups and each group consists of 6 animals. Rats were treated with EESC for 150 and 300 mg/ kg of body weight and piracetam, 0.5 mg/ kg of body weight for 14 successive days after inducing oxidative stress with aluminium chloride (100 mg/ kg of body weight) for 60 days. The lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and antioxidant activities like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) were estimated in rats. Results: AlCl3 induced rats showed increased the TBARS and decreased the antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the control group. The EESZ at higher dose 300 mg/ kg of body weight animals were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the TBARS and increased the anti oxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the AlCl3 treated group Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed that Ethanolic extract from roots of Smilax zeylanica may be used as a significant source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.
Keywords: S. zeylanica, antioxidant, ethanolic extract, TBARS, rats.
Stability indicating analytical method validation for hydralazine hydrochloride related substances method-I by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography in drug substances
Authors: Reddy Swamy K. , Sharma Pushpendra , Singh Asheesh 
Published: January 2019

A simple, rapid, precise, accurate and cost effective stability-indicating reversed phase (RP) HPLC related substance method-1 was validated for Hydralazine Hydrochloride (HYD HCl) in Active pharmaceutical ingredient. All the analytical parameters were determined as per ICH Q2B guidelines. Good chromatographic separation was achieved with Inertsil ODS 3V column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm particle size) at a wavelength of 230 nm using phosphate buffer pH 2.5 and acetonitrile as mobile phase A and Methanol as mobile phase B with gradient programming with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/ min. The Resolution between Hydralazine peak and impurity-A should not be less than 3.0. From the statistical treatment of the linearity data of Hydralazine HCl, it is clear that the response of Hydralazine HCl is linear between 50 % to 150 % level. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.998. The developed method showed good linearity, Accuracy, reproducibility, precision and robustness and can be suitably applied for the routine quality control analysis in the estimation of commercial formulations.
Keywords: Hydralazine hydrochloride, HPLC, Validation, Estimation
Effect of Cynodon dactylon on the haematological parameters and haematocrit of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)
Authors: Sangeetha S. , Rajendran K. 
Published: January 2019

The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Cynodon dactylon on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish Ctenopharyngodon idella. The study reveals that there was a slight variation noticed in total serum protein, globulin, albumin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. There was a significant variation observed in Red blood corpuscles (RBC), White blood corpuscles (WBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), MCH, MCHC, PCV in the blood of grass carp fed with control and Cynodon dactylon mixed diet. The protein content of experimental fishes showed higher value than other components. The result of the study indicates that the fish are rich source of animal protein and moderate amount of cholesterol and triglycerides. Hence, it suggested that the fish consumed medicinal plants are suitable for human consumption.
Keywords: Grass carp, Cynodon dactylon, Haematology, Haematocrit.
Overview on virosomes as a novel carrier for drug delivery
Authors: Shaikh Siraj N , Raza Shahid , Ansari Mohd. Aslam , Khan G.J. , Athar Siddiqi Hifzurrahman MD 
Published: January 2019

As from the last eras number of the revolution in the drug delivery technologies have been seen to attain the targeted drug delivery or site specific action of the drug. The prospects of the drug delivery by using biomimetic nanoparticles such as virosomes is an motivating research & development field as showing targeted action by fusion with the targeted action by fusion through target cell. It can be engaged as vehicle & vaccines furthermore victory of virosomal drug delivery depends on the method used to make the encapsulated bioactive materials, characterization & formulation of finished products. They are reconstituted viral envelopes that can be conveyance of different macromolecules as these are biocompatible, biodegradable, nonautoimmunogenic. Virosomes denotes such a unique system for presentation of antigen to immune system. Peptides, nucliecacid & medications such as antitoxins, anticancer agents &steroids can be encapsulated. This review focus on various aspects of Virosomes, such as Structure of Virosomes Component, Advantages, disadvantages, Method of preparation, Characterization, recent Patents and applications of Virosomes etc.
Key words: Neurodegenerative, Nonimmunogenic, Endolysosomal, Cryoprotectants, Applications.
Prescription auditing based on World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators: A case of Dilla University referral hospital
Authors: Bekele Nigatu Addisu , Tadesse Jarsso 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Rational use of drugs requires that patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time, at the lowest cost to them and their community. The issues of irrational use of medicines is global and that a global approach coordinated by WHO with more vigorous implementation of leadership and evidence based advocacy of rational use of medicine is essential
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative study was conducted at Dilla University Referral Hospital to determine the current prescribing practices. 1440 prescription were selected using systematic random sampling and reviewed retrospectively for a 2-year period from from September 01/2016 to August 31/ 2018 using prescriptions and Prescription registry.
Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per prescription was 1.813 ranging from 1 and 6. 1437(99.79%), 1287(89.38%), 1392 (96.67%), 1428 (99.17%) and 0(0%) of the analyzed prescriptions had name of the patient, date, medical record number, age and address of the patients respectively. Antibiotic and injection was prescribed in 842(58.47%) and 94(6.53%) of encounters respectively. The Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list was 85.33% (n=2227) and 97.43% (n=2543), respectively. Of the total 2610 drugs, 2431(93.14%) drugs were actually dispensed.
Conclusion: Polypharmacy, percentage of encounters with with injection and percentage of drugs from essential drug list was within acceptable range. The prescribing practice for antibiotics and generic medicines shows significant deviation from WHO.
Keywords: Prescription auditing, WHO prescribing indicators, Dilla University Referral Hospital.
Perception and utilization of tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women attending a tertiary centre in North-West Nigeria
Authors: Awosan KJ , Hassan M 
Published: January 2019

Background: Despite the availability of inexpensive and effective tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines, elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus worldwide has become a herculean task, particularly in low-income countries, due to poor immunization coverage. This study aimed to assess the perception and utilization of tetanus toxoid immunization among pregnant women attending a tertiary centre in North-West Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 254 pregnant women (selected by systematic sampling technique) attending the antenatal clinic of Specialist Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20 statistical computer software package.
Results: Most, 221 (87.0%) of the 254 respondents had heard of tetanus toxoid immunization. Of these, only about half (51.1%) believed that it protects both mother and newborn baby from tetanus. Majority of respondents considered TT immunization to be effective in protecting against tetanus infection (73.3%) and also safe for both mother and baby (79.2%). About two-thirds of respondents (68.8%) had the misconception that a single dose of TT immunization protects from tetanus infection. Less than a quarter of respondents (23.6%) had received two or more doses of the vaccine. The main barriers to utilization of vaccines were lack of awareness of the vaccine (41.8%), not being aware of its benefits (36.7%), and fear of side effects (21.5%)
Conclusion: Despite high levels of perception of the effectiveness and safety of TT immunization, the respondents in this study had low levels of perception and utilization of the protective doses of the vaccine. Government and healthcare workers should scale-up education of the populace on TT immunization schedule and implement community based vaccination of women of child bearing age in North-West Nigeria.
Keywords: Perception, utilization, tetanus toxoid immunization, pregnant women
Formulation and development of fast dissolving oral film of a poorly soluble drug, frusemide with improved drug loading using mixed solvency concept and its evaluation
Authors: Carpenter Garima , Maheshwari R. K. 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the present research work is to explore the application of mixed solvency concept to formulate and develop a fast dissolving oral film of furosemide with improved drug loading. In the present study, poorly soluble drug, furosemide was tried to be solubilized by employing the combination of physiologically compatible water-soluble additives (solubilizers) to formulate its fast dissolving formulations. For the development of fast dissolving oral film, firstly, different film forming polymers were tested for their film properties. The second fast dissolving layer was also formed and optimized. Solubility studies were conducted to select water-soluble additives for formulation of fast dissolving drug layer. Keeping the total concentration less than 40 % w/v of mixed blends, different aqueous blends were prepared employing solubilizers from among sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, urea, niacinamide, glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, and PVP K 30. Maximum solubility of furosemide was found in blends- F5 (10% sodium caprylate +2.5%sodium benzoate+ 2.5% niacinamide) and in blend F7 (10% sodium caprylate +2.5%sodium benzoate +2.5% sodium citrate + 2.5% niacinamide). Prepared films were evaluated for drug content, thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength and hydration ratio.
Keywords: Furosemide, fast dissolving oral film, mixed solvency concept.
Current trends in drugs avoided in pregnancy
Authors: Anitha Bathala , Malavika S , Kumar B , Ramesh Yerikala 
Published: January 2019

During pregnancy several drugs are having contraindication, hence their use is less and dangerous to mother along with fetus .Drugs play an important role in improving the health and promoting well-being. However to produce desired effect, they have to be safe, efficacious and have to be used rationally. During pregnancy medication is less preferred but in some times cannot be escaped to treat the ailments in mother. Avoiding medications may be desirable, it is often not possible and may be dangerous because some women enter pregnancy medical conditions that require continuous and episodic treatment (e.g. asthma, hypertension, epilepsy). So here we discussed the medication that can be used safely during pregnancy along with unsafe and highly contraindicated for both mother and fetus. Certain drugs given during pregnancy may prove harmful to unborn child is one of the classical problem in the medical treatment. The main purpose of this review is to prepare a list of safe medications which can be taken during pregnancy with unsafe and highly contraindicated drugs. And also a quick reference for health care professionals.
Keyboard: Current, Pregnancy, Drugs, Fetus
Antibiotic evaluation of odontogenic microbiological spectrum of orofacial infection
Authors: Vishnoi Neha , Singh Sapna , Bishnoi Ram Singh , Gupta M K 
Published: January 2019

The present study aimed towards the development of active delivery system for management of hypertension. The Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) containing Telmisartan was developed in order to accomplish enhanced solubility leading to better bioavailability profile. Different ratios, of Telmisartan and PEG 6000 i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 were selected for the formulation of ODT system. A batch process was adopted for the preparation of solid dispersion with each combination of drug and polymer and the finally compressed as tablets by direct compression technique. For the preformulation perspective materials were scrutinized on the basis of solubility profile, drug content, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug polymer ratio 1:4 was selected for further compression process. The prepared batches of ODTs were characterized for micromeritic study, thickness, hardness, weight variation, wetting time, disintegration time, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. The evaluation data for all batches was satisfactory out of them formulation TF3 containing 6% kyron T-314 showed the best results with a value of 29.3 sec and 24.1 sec for wetting and disintegration, respectively. This formulation showed superior drug release of 99.93% over a period of 30 minutes.
Keywords: Telmisartan, PEG 6000, Angioten receptor-II antagonist, Solid dispersion, Kyron T-314
Elastic liposomes mediated transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride
Authors: JAIN NEHA , Argal Ameeta , Gautam Girendra 
Published: January 2019

The aim of present investigation was to formulate and characterize elastic liposomes as a delivery system for transdermal delivery of Verapamil hydrochloride, a drug having low oral bioavailability (approx 20%), short biological half-life and extensive first pass metabolism.Verapamil hydrochloride loaded elastic vesicles were prepared by a slightly modified extrusion method using soya phosphatidylcholine and span 80(edge activator). Prepared elastic vesicles were characterized for various parameters such as vesicle shape, vesicle size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, elasticity measurements, stability studies and in vitro skin permeation studies through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) using a locally fabricated Franz diffusion cell. The entrapment efficiency of elastic vesicles was found to be 59.3±3.6%. In vitro skin permeation of verapamil hydrochloride through excised rat skin (Sprague Dawley) revealed that elastic vesicles led to an enhanced transdermal flux (50.2±4.52 mg/cm2/h) of verapamil hydrochloride as compared to liposomes (11.6±2.12mg/cm2/h). Decreased lag time (0.9 h) was also observed in case of elastic liposomes. Our results indicate the feasibility of elastic liposomes for transdermal delivery of verapamil hydrochloride for improved skin permeation.
Keywords: Transdermal delivery, Elastic liposomes, Verapamil hydrochloride.
Development and optimization of virus neutralization test in chicken embryonated eggs for indirect identification of avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus
Authors: Anwar Huma , Mehmood Muhammad Danish , Noreen Sana , Ismail Muhammad , Hussain Sajjad 
Published: January 2019

Avian viral problems have been consistently reported in commercial poultry of Pakistan causing heavy economic losses to the poultry farmers. Authentic idenfication and confirmation of the causative agent is always been question mark for the selection of vaccinal strain in this regard. Current study was therefore undertaken to optimize the virus neutralization test for the serological survey of vaccinated poultry particularly for avian influenza virus’s subtypes and Newcastle disease virus. Various physiochemical factors such as concentration of antigen and antibody, Incubation temperature and incubation period for in vitro and in-vivo reaction of antigen and antibody were optimized in chicken embryonated eggs. Serum samples were obtained from vaccinated breeder birds of five commercial poultry breeder companies and subjected for VNT using different concentration of three antigen and their respective homologous antibodies under optimized conditions. AIV H9 (EID50-1×109.0/ml) and NDV (EID50-1×108.2/ml) having biological titer of 10-7 /50ul HA units were neutralize with 10-2/50ul HIU of antibody and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes was injected subsequently into 10 day old chicken embryo followed by incubation at 37°C for 38 hours showed ≥90% neutralizing specificity. Furthermore, sera obtained from five AIV-H9, AIV-H5 and NDV exposed commercial poultry farms revealed that Big bird broiler, Big bird breeders and A&S chicks are 100% sensitive and specific whereas, Gateway chicks and Waqas poultry breeders showed 100% homology for AIV-H5 virus but do not confers similarity with prevailing AIV-H9 and NDV field strains. Therefore, high sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity VNT, it could be a tool for indirect detection of homology between vaccinal strain and wild virus antigen using known antisera. Particularly, for those organisms possess natural ability to mutate in the adverse climatic conditions.
Keywords: Virus neutralization test, Avian Influenza Virus, Newcastle Disease Virus, Sensitivity, Specificity
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL NANO EMULGEL OF TERBINAFINE
Authors: Paliwal Sonia , Kaur Gurleen 
Published: January 2019

Terbinafine is a broad spectrum antifungal drug. The aim of present study was to develop topical nano emulgel of terbinafine using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. The objective behind the formulation was to avoid dosing frequency and to increase the stability and bioavailability by avoiding the first pass metabolism. The formulations were prepared by using oleic acid, carbopol 934, span 20, propylene glycol in different ratios and analyzed by pseudo tertiary phase diagram. All the five prepared nano emulgel formulations have shown satisfactory physiochemical properties. The stability and particle size is been determined by zeta potential. The highest drug release 82.38 %was found in formulations of batch F4, which follows non-fickian mechanism. The studies showed that changing the concentration of oil, surfactant, co surfactant and double distilled water as aqueous phase has an impact on the behavior and thermodynamic stability of the nanoemulsion. Study concludes that of Terbinafine can be deliverered effectively by nano emulgel formulations.
AS FILOSOFIAS NEGRO AFRICANAS COMO ARQUIPÉLAGOS DE LIBERTAÇÃO
Authors: Ferreira Luis Carlos , De Oliveira Eduardo David 
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender o arquipélago da libertação como umas das chaves de leituras das filosofias negro africanas, neste caso específico, com o recorte da filosofia do moçambicano Severino Elias Ngoenha, desde a leitura do “Paradigma liberdade” em diálogo com a perspectiva do pensamento do arquipélago em diálogo com o martinicano Édouard Glissant.
Palavras chave: Filosofias negro africanas; Arquipélago da libertação; Paradigma liberdade; Paisagem.
O sacrifício do corpo: Categorias de conhecimento sobre o cabelo crespo que transitam entre o Brasil e Moçambique
Authors: Da Costa Cruz Denise Ferreira 
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo e uma reflexão sobre as categorias que são acionadas por mulheres negras e mestiças no Brasil e em Moçambique para qualificarem seus corpos, mais especificamente seus cabelos.
Palavras-chave: Corpo.; Brasil; Moçambique
Socialización, edad y calificaciones en estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales / Socialization, Age and Grades in Students with Special Educational Needs
Authors: Pérez Aranda Gabriela Isabel , Gracia Rejón Yesenia Margarita , Estrada Carmona Sinuhé 
Published: January 2019

El presente estudio consistió en analizar la relación entre la edad, las calificaciones y la socialización de estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales (NEE) pertenecientes a una telesecundaria. Para cumplir con dicho objetivo se utilizaron las baterías de socialización BAS-1 (maestros), BAS-2 (padres) y BAS-3 (estudiantes). Estas se aplicaron en una telesecundaria de San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, con una muestra de 25 alumnos con NEE, 25 padres de familia y/o tutores y tres docentes titulares, cada uno de ellos encargado de un grado distinto. En cuanto al análisis de los resultados, se recurrió a la prueba estadística de correlación. Como parte de los resultados se encontraron correlaciones significativas (p < .05 y p < .01) entre la mayoría de las escalas y dimensiones en la versión para maestros y solo algunas en las otras dos versiones; al igual que algunas correlaciones significativas entre las versiones. Entre las escalas y dimensiones de la batería de socialización con la edad y las calificaciones hay un mayor número de correlaciones, en ambos casos, con la versión de maestros.
Penerapan Model Harga Opsi Black-Scholes dalam Penetapan Premi Asuransi Jiwa Berjangka Unit Link
Authors: Annisa Felfin Ulfah , Riaman - , Subartini Betty 
Published: January 2019

Asuransi merupakan salah satu lembaga yang memiliki peran penting dalam kehidupan manusia karena disetiap waktu selalu ada resiko yang tidak bisa dihindari, termasuk kematian. Untuk mengantisipasi akibat setelah terjadinya resiko tersebut diperlukan suatu jaminan untuk biaya kehidupan selanjutnya, maka asuransi jiwa adalah pilihan yang tepat. Salah satunya adalah asuransi jiwa berjangka unit link yang merupakan produk asuransi yang menggabungkan fungsi proteksi dan fungsi investasi. Nilai manfaat yang diberikan oleh asuransi unit link bergantung pada nilai aset yang digunakan sebagai instrumen investasi. Dalam skripsi ini dibahas penerapan model Black-Scholes dalam penetapan premi asuransi jiwa berjangka unit link baik tanpa garansi maupun dengan garansi. Hasil simulasi numerik menunjukkan bahwa premi asuransi jiwa berjangka unit link dengan garansi lebih besar dibandingkan dengan premi asuransi jiwa berjangka unit link tanpa garansi. Kata kunci: