bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MADS‐box genes underground becoming mainstream: plant root developmental mechanisms
Authors: Alvarez‐Buylla Elena R. , García‐Ponce Berenice , Sánchez María de la Paz , Espinosa‐Soto Carlos , García‐Gómez Mónica L. , Piñeyro‐Nelson Alma , Garay‐Arroyo Adriana 
Published: March 2019

SummaryPlant growth is largely post‐embryonic and depends on meristems that are active throughout the lifespan of an individual. Developmental patterns rely on the coordinated spatio‐temporal expression of different genes, and the activity of transcription factors is particularly important during most morphogenetic processes. MADS‐box genes constitute a transcription factor family in eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis, their proteins participate in all major aspects of shoot development, but their role in root development is still not well characterized. In this review we synthetize current knowledge pertaining to the function of MADS‐box genes highly expressed in roots: XAL1, XAL2, ANR1 and AGL21, as well as available data for other MADS‐box genes expressed in this organ. The role of Trithorax group and Polycomb group complexes on MADS‐box genes’ epigenetic regulation is also discussed. We argue that understanding the role of MADS‐box genes in root development of species with contrasting architectures is still a challenge. Finally, we propose that MADS‐box genes are key components of the gene regulatory networks that underlie various gene expression patterns, each one associated with the distinct developmental fates observed in the root. In the case of XAL1 and XAL2, their role within these networks could be mediated by regulatory feedbacks with auxin.
Recent evidence that attention is necessary, but not sufficient, for conscious perception
Authors: Noah Sean , Mangun George R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEarly descriptions of attention in the psychological literature highlighted its interdependence with conscious awareness. As the study of attention developed, consciousness and attention began to be considered separable phenomena, experimentally and theoretically. In recent years, an energetic debate has developed concerning the extent to which the two phenomena are related. One school of thought considers the two to be doubly dissociable, whereas the other considers them to be necessarily linked. In this review, we highlight experimental findings from the last 5 years that contribute to the leading consensus view: attention is necessary, but not sufficient, for conscious perception. We review studies that show attention operating in conjunction with unconscious information, and other evidence linking attention necessarily to conscious perception. By drawing upon evidence that attention comprises many cognitive and neural processes, we argue that by studying how different forms of attention are related to conscious perception, it is possible to gain new insights about the neural states or processes that are necessary for conscious perception to occur.
The continuums of impairment in vascular reactivity across the spectrum of cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Loader Jordan , Khouri Charles , Taylor Frances , Stewart Simon , Lorenzen Christian , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Walther Guillaume , Roustit Matthieu 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis study aimed to assess, for the first time, the change in vascular reactivity across the full spectrum of cardiometabolic health. Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from their inception to March 13, 2017, including studies that assessed basal vascular reactivity in two or more of the following health groups (aged ≥18 years old): healthy, overweight, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes with or without complications. Direct and indirect comparisons of vascular reactivity were combined using a network meta‐analysis. Comparing data from 193 articles (7226 healthy subjects and 19344 patients), the network meta‐analyses revealed a progressive impairment in vascular reactivity (flow‐mediated dilation data) from the clinical onset of an overweight status (−0.41%, 95% CI, −0.98 to 0.15) through to the development of vascular complications in those with type 2 diabetes (−4.26%, 95% CI, −4.97 to −3.54). Meta‐regressions revealed that for every 1 mmol/l increase in fasting blood glucose concentration, flow‐mediated dilation decreased by 0.52%. Acknowledging that the time course of disease may vary between patients, this study demonstrates multiple continuums of vascular dysfunction where the severity of impairment in vascular reactivity progressively increases throughout the pathogenesis of obesity and/or insulin resistance, providing information that is important to enhancing the timing and effectiveness of strategies that aim to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
The role of telenursing in the management of diabetes：A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Sa , Jiang Qiuhuan , Li Hongfang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes is a common chronic disease that requires a long‐term regimen. However, the management of diabetes by telenursing is limited and inconclusive.ObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of telenursing on control in diabetes. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Studies comparing telenursing with usual care in diabetes patients were included.ResultsA total of 17 randomized controlled trials were identified. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) dates were pooled using a random effects meta‐analysis method, followed by subgroup analyses to examine heterogeneity. The meta‐analysis showed that the use of telenursing (vs. usual care) was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to usual care, with a pooled 0.68% (95% CI: 0.33–1.03, p = 0.0001; I2 = 95%). For the secondary outcome, the SMD of body mass index (BMI) was −0.25% (95% CI: −0.81 to 0.32%, p = 0.39), with no statistically significant change; the fasting blood sugar (FBS) SMD was −0.19% (95% CI: 0.20 to 1.01, p = 0.003), with a statistically significant change; the total cholesterol (TC) SMD was −0.09% (95% CI: −0.03 to 0.21, p = 0.12), with no statistically significant change.ConclusionsTelenursing, as a useful tool for patient education and behavioral interventions, can help diabetes patients to improve their glycemic control. However, more studies on up‐to‐date and cost‐effective technologies are needed.
Alkane Chain‐extended Pterin Through a Pendent Carboxylic Acid Acts as Triple Functioning Fluorophore, 1O2 Sensitizer and Membrane Binder
Authors: Walalawela Niluksha , Urrutia María Noel , Thomas Andrés H. , Greer Alexander , Vignoni Mariana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn order to develop a new long alkane chain pterin that leaves the pterin core largely unperturbed, we synthesized and photochemically characterized decyl pterin‐6‐carboxyl ester (CapC) that preserves the pterin amide group. CapC contains a decyl‐chain at the carboxylic acid position and a condensed DMF molecule at the N2 position. Occupation of the long alkane chain on the pendent carboxylic acid group retains the acid–base equilibrium of the pterin headgroup due to its somewhat remote location. This new CapC compound has relatively high fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen quantum yields attributed to the lack of through‐bond interaction between the long alkane chain and the pterin headgroup. The calculated lipophilicity is higher for CapC compared to parent pterin and pterin‐6‐carboxylic acid (Cap) and comparable to previously reported O‐ and N‐decyl‐pterin derivatives. CapC's binding constant Kb (8000 M−1 in L‐α‐phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk) and ΦF:Φ∆ ratio (0.26:0.40) point to a unique triple function compound, although the hydrolytic stability of CapC is modest due to its ester conjugation. CapC is capable of the general triple action not only as a membrane intercalator, but also fluorophore and 1O2 sensitizer, leading to a “self‐monitoring” membrane fluorescent probe and a membrane photodamaging agent.
Genetic diversity of the pine pathogen Lecanosticta acicola in Slovenia and Croatia
Authors: Sadiković D. , Piškur B. , Barnes I. , Hauptman T. , Diminić D. , Wingfield M. J. , Jurc D. 
Published: March 2019

Brown spot needle blight (BSNB), a disease of pine trees caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola, has been known in Slovenia since 2008 and in Croatia since 1975. Recent outbreaks in Slovenia prompted this study to compare L. acicola populations in these two neighbouring European countries. Sixty‐nine isolates collected from three pine species (Pinus mugo, P. halepensis and P. nigra) were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure, and reproductive strategy of the pathogen. EF1‐α sequences showed that Slovenian and Croatian isolates share a common ancestry with individuals from central and northern Europe. Population structure analysis revealed four distinct population clusters of L. acicola in these two countries, generally corresponding to their respective geographic location and host. An unequal ratio of mating types and a low overall genetic diversity in the population indicated a strong influence of asexual reproduction. Although some of the oldest recorded European occurrences of BSNB are from Croatia, this study provided no evidence that the population studied in Croatia was the source of the sampled outbreaks in Slovenia. Recent outbreaks of L. acicola in Slovenia are most likely due to introductions from other, yet to be identified, sources.
Anticipatory anxiety about future dementia‐related care needs: towards a dementia‐friendly community
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Sugiyama Mika , Inagaki Hiroki , Murayama Hiroshi , Ura Chiaki , Miyamae Fumiko , Edahiro Ayako , Motokawa Keiko , Awata Shuich 
Published: March 2019

AimAlthough a dementia‐friendly community is a global goal, community‐dwelling persons with dementia continue to have unmet care needs. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of persons who experience anxiety about the possibility of not receiving proper dementia care should they need it in the future.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to all residents aged 65 years or older (n = 132 005) living in one Tokyo district. The questionnaire included an item that measured anxiety about the possibility of not receiving proper dementia care as well as items about sociodemographic variables, depressive symptoms, frailty, housebound status, socioeconomic status, social support, access to a general practitioner (GP), and experience of dementia care.ResultsOf the 74 171 participants who responded to the anxiety item, 58 481 (78.8%) reported anxiety about the possibility of not receiving proper dementia care should they need it in the future. Simultaneous multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with this anticipatory anxiety were depressive symptoms, frailty or prefrailty, being female, not being currently socioeconomically disadvantaged, not having someone who can take you to the hospital when you do not feel well, being younger (65–74 years), being married, not trusting in neighbours, higher educational level (>9 years), not having someone to consult when you are in trouble, not working, having been socioeconomically disadvantaged in childhood, only greeting or less with neighbours, and not having the experience of dementia care. Having access to a GP, living alone, and going out less than once a week did not show a significant association.ConclusionsThis large‐scale study explored factors associated with anticipatory anxiety about the possibility of not receiving proper dementia care should it be needed in the future. Further studies concerning interventions to decrease such anxiety are needed.
Exploring the formal and informal roles of regulatory intermediaries in transnational multistakeholder regulation
Authors: Brès Luc , Mena Sébastien , Salles‐Djelic Marie‐Laure 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch on regulation and regulatory processes has traditionally focused on two prominent roles: rulemaking and rule‐taking. Recently, the mediating role of third party actors, regulatory intermediaries, has started to be explored – notably in a dedicated special issue of the ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. The present special issue extends this line of research by elaborating the distinction between formal and informal modes of regulatory intermediation, in the specific context of transnational multistakeholder regulation. In this introduction, we identify two key dimensions of intermediation (in)formalism: officialization and formalization. This allows us to develop a typology of intermediation in multistakeholder regulatory processes: formal, interpretive, alternative, and emergent. Leveraging examples from the papers in this special issue, we discuss how these four types of intermediation coexist and evolve over time. Finally, we elaborate on the implications of our typology for regulatory processes and outcomes.
Multidisciplinary team clinic for vocal cord dysfunction directs therapy and significantly reduces healthcare utilization
Authors: Baxter Malcolm , Ruane Laurence , Phyland Debra , Leahy Elizabeth , Heke Emily , Lau Kenneth K. , Low Kathy , Hamza Kais , MacDonald Martin , Bardin Philip G. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveMultidisciplinary team (MDT) clinics use an integrated approach to individualize care of complex medical conditions. Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a challenging condition that is likely to benefit from MDT clinics but this has not been researched.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study of a novel VCD MDT clinic was conducted in patients with suspected VCD. Relevant questionnaires, medical history, physical examination, spirometry, dynamic computerized tomography (CT) larynx and laryngoscopy were utilized and patients were allocated to treatment pathways depending on putative diagnosis. Speech pathology intervention with laryngeal retraining (LR) was offered and if LR therapy failed botulinum toxin injection was offered. Primary outcome was reductions in healthcare utilization.ResultsOverall, 80 consecutive patients were included in analyses. A definitive diagnosis of VCD was made in 56 of 80 (70%) patients. After LR (n = 35), emergency department (ED)/hospital admissions declined significantly in the subsequent 12 months (P = 0.001). General practice visits also reduced (P < 0.001). Botulinum toxin injections were administered in 21 patients unresponsive to LR therapy and both general practice and ED/hospital visits declined (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively) after injection.ConclusionA multidisciplinary approach to VCD confers benefit and can be used to allocate appropriate management leading to a reduction in healthcare utilization.
Risk Communication as Government Agency Organizational Practice
Authors: Boholm Åsa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of organizational risk communication is an understudied topic in risk research. This article investigates how public officials at six government agencies in Sweden understand and relate to risk communication and its uses in the context of agency organizational work on policy and regulation. Qualitative interviews were used to explore the practitioners’ views on some key topics in the academic literature on risk communication. A main finding is that there is little consensus on what the goals of risk communication are; if, and how, uncertainty should be communicated; and what role is to be played by transparency in risk communication. However, the practitioners agree that dissemination (top down) to the public of robust scientific and expert knowledge is a crucial element. Dialogue and participation is used mainly with other agencies and elite stakeholders with whom agencies collaborate to implement policy goals. Dialogue with the public on issues of risk is very limited. Some implications of the findings for the practice of risk communication by government agencies are suggested.
Tracheostomy care education and its effect on knowledge and burden of caregivers of elderly patients: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Karaca Türkan , Altinbas Yasemin , Aslan Sinan 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionTracheostomy is defined as the surgical procedure for creating an opening at the 3rd or 4th cartilage ring in the anterior wall of the trachea to provide airway patency. It was known that tracheostomy is regarded as the oldest known life‐saving method. Tracheostomy care involves a complex care process that requires knowledge and skills for elderly patients and their caregivers. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tracheostomy training, provided to caregivers of patients with tracheostomy, on caregivers’ burden and knowledge levels regarding the tracheostomy care.MethodsThe study population consists of caregivers who provide home care for patients with tracheostomy who were divided into two groups as the control group (n = 30) and the experimental group (n = 30) with the separation of the patients admitted to the outpatient clinic.ResultsIn the intergroup comparison of experimental and control group post‐test score averages, the difference between the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale score averages and the mean knowledge scores was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn line with these results, it may be advisable to perform repeated tests at regular intervals after the provision of education to the caregivers.
Risking Other People's Money: Experimental Evidence on the Role of Incentives and Personality Traits
Authors: Andersson Ola , Holm Håkan J. , Tyran Jean‐Robert , Wengström Erik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDecision‐makers often face incentives to increase risk‐taking on behalf of others (e.g., they are offered bonus contracts and contracts based on relative performance). We conduct an experimental study of risk‐taking on behalf of others using a large heterogeneous sample, and we find that people respond to such incentives without much apparent concern for stakeholders. Responses are heterogeneous and mitigated by personality traits. The findings suggest that a lack of concern for others’ risk exposure hardly requires “financial psychopaths” in order to flourish, but it is diminished by social concerns.
Price Dispersion and the Role of Stores*
Authors: Moen Espen R. , Wulfsberg Fredrik , Aas Øyvind 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study price dispersion in the Norwegian retail market for 766 products across 4,297 stores over 60 months. Price dispersion for homogeneous products is significant and persistent, with a coefficient of variation of 37 percent for the median product. Price dispersion differs between product categories and over time. Store heterogeneity accounts for 30 percent of the observed variation in prices for the median product–month, and for around 50 percent for the sample as a whole. Price dispersion is still prevalent after correcting for store heterogeneity.
Why Unions Reduce Wage Inequality: A Theory of Domino Effects*
Authors: Stennek Johan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNumerous empirical studies show that unions reduce wage differences. I demonstrate that their motive might be a mix of fairness and strategy, maximizing the use of union bargaining power in the presence of efficiency wages. Unions can push primarily for raising the lowest wages, and still not sacrifice higher wages much, if the employers themselves increase higher wages to protect efficiency‐enhancing wage differences. If these “domino effects” are strong enough, then an egalitarian wage policy might even increase the median wage.
A phylogenetic study of the Thygater‐Trichocerapis group and new scopes for the subgenera of Thygater Holmberg, (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Freitas Felipe V. , Santos Júnior José Eustáquio Dos , Santos Fabricio R. , Silveira Fernando A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe bee tribe Eucerini is a large monophyletic taxon occurring in all continents, except Oceania and Antarctica, but far more diverse in the Americas and, especially, in the Neotropics. The phylogenetic relationships within its subtribe Eucerina, which contains the bulk of Eucerini diversity, is poorly understood, this being especially true for the relationships among its Neotropical representatives, which have been poorly represented in all phylogenetic studies, including Eucerini, to date. This leads to a generalized lack of confidence on the monophyly of the groups currently accepted as genera and subgenera. Here, a phylogenetic study based on three molecular markers (COI, 18S, and 28S, totalling about 1700 bp) and 58 morphological characters is presented as a contribution to the understanding of the relationships of the so‐called Thygater‐Trichocerapis group, and especially of the genus Thygater Holmberg, which has not previously been extensively sampled. Representatives of Trichocerapis, including its monotypic subgenus T. (Dithygater), are included for the first time in a phylogenetic study. The main results were: (i) support for the monophyly of the Thygater‐Trichocerapis group; (ii) support for the monophyly of Thygater; (iii) recognition of two main clades in Thygater, each one containing the type species of one of the previously recognized subgenera; and (iv) additional support for the position of Alloscirtetica as sister to all remaining Eucerina. Based on these results a redefinition of the scope of the two subgenera of Thygater is proposed, with changes in the subordination of three of its species, T. (Nectarodiaeta) chaetaspis comb.n., T. (Nectarodiaeta) paranaensis comb.n. and T. (Thygater) mexicana comb.n.
Geometric morphometrics of the forewing shape and size discriminate Plebeia species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) nesting in different substrates
Authors: dos Santos Charles Fernando , Souza dos Santos Patrick Douglas , Marques Daniela Martins , da‐Costa Tairis , Blochtein Betina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHistorically, studies evaluating morphological diversity in stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Meliponini) by geometric morphometrics have been used to successfully discriminate taxa and/or populations. Moreover, the use of geometric morphometrics to evaluate phylogenetic morphological variation among stingless bee species has received less attention. Here, we used geometric morphometrics to assess taxonomic discrimination and putative phylogenetic signals for six diapausing stingless bee species (Plebeia) occurring in southern Brazil. In all, 12 landmarks were captured from forewings of P. droryana, P. saiqui, P. emerina, P. remota, P. nigriceps and P. wittmanni. Our data show that the centroid size of the forewings reliably discriminated, for example, between P. droryana and P. emerina from P. saiqui. Moreover, this trait does not have a significant phylogenetic signal. In turn, we found that the overall accuracy in discriminating between the six Plebeia species according to forewing shape was 84%, while the confusion matrix achieved 71%. Interestingly, our discriminant analysis separated Plebeia species nesting in tree cavities from those nesting under granitic rocks. The latter group has second cubital (landmarks = 5, 6, 7), first medial (landmarks = 2, 3, 8) and first submarginal cells (landmarks = 3, 4, 9, 10) that are larger than those of species nesting in trees. The forewing shape showed a strong phylogenetic signal, therefore suggesting that its variation may be due to an evolutionary history shared between Plebeia species studied here rather than to environmental features. This work sheds light on the value of forewing size and shape attributes in discriminating Plebeia species within same genus. We suggest that landmarks separating different taxonomic groups could be incorporated into dichotomous keys to help in identifying clades of complex resolution.