bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the primary staging of bladder cancer as compared to final histology
Authors: Robinson Simon , Farooq Assad , Laniado Marc , Agrawalla Seema , Hassan Ali , Motiwala Hanif , Karim Omar 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Accurate and effective imaging to determine the stage of the primary tumour is crucial in deciding whether patients should be treated conservatively, or with surgical or radiochemotherapeutic treatment. There are still concerns about the staging accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 254 single-surgeon radical cystectomies on a population destined for potentially curative surgery (without evidence of metastatic disease) over 14 years. We compared the staging accuracy of 245 CT scans against 62 conventional T2-weighted MRI scans and compared them to the absolute gold standard, histological analysis using the TNM staging system. Results: Overall, when comparing all the scanner results from 1999 to 2016, the following was observed: • MRI initially appears to be better than CT in staging the primary tumour as either localised or locally advanced disease; and • CT is significantly better than MRI for nodal staging. However, when comparing the more recent results using 53 patients who had both CT and MRI prior to operation, from 2005 to 2016, we find CT improves to match MRI in both primary tumour staging and nodal staging with ‘fair’ kappa scores ( p = 0.84). Conclusions: We confirm that MRI is better at staging extravesical disease and CT better at staging localised disease. Regarding primary tumour accuracy, the volume of the tumour has an influence on its correct staging. Regarding nodal accuracy, the presence of extracapsular extension had no influence. Knowing these limitations of the two modalities should enable better counselling of patients, regardless of their subsequent treatment regimen.
Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in Public Housing
Authors: Henshaw M.M. , Borrelli B. , Gregorich S.E. , Heaton B. , Tooley E.M. , Santo W. , Cheng N.F. , Rasmussen M. , Helman S. , Shain S. , Garcia R.I. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Caries experience among preschool-age children has remained relatively unchanged for the past 2 decades, despite recently documented decreases in untreated decay. Objectives: In a community-based cluster-randomized controlled trial, a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention administered to primary caregivers was hypothesized to reduce caries increment over 2 y as compared with controls, among children aged 0 to 5 y at baseline living in public housing. Methods: Public housing residents, who served as interventionists, were trained in MI with a focus on early childhood caries prevention. All 26 eligible public housing developments were randomized to either control (quarterly clinical examinations, fluoride varnish applications, toothbrush/toothpaste, and educational brochures) or intervention (same procedures as control plus MI counseling). Quarterly MI sessions were delivered in English or Spanish over 2 y, audio recorded, and assessed for treatment fidelity. The primary outcome was the increment in dmfs (decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces) as assessed by clinical examination at baseline, 12 mo, and 24 mo. Secondary outcomes included caregiver oral health knowledge and child oral health behaviors (child toothbrushing and sugar-sweetened beverage intake). Baseline characteristics were compared between groups and adjusted for housing-site clusters. Longitudinal outcomes were analyzed with mixed models. Results: A total of 1,065 children (49% female, 55% non-White, 61% Hispanic, 89% below poverty level, n = 686 control) and their caregivers were enrolled. During 2 y of follow-up, the mean dmfs increment increased in both groups; however, there were no statistically significant group differences at 24 mo or group × time interactions. The mean increase in intervention caregivers’ knowledge was significantly greater than that of control, F(2, 1,593) = 3.48, P = 0.0310, but there were no significant intervention effects on caregiver-reported child sugar-sweetened beverage intake or child toothbrushing. Conclusion: MI counseling plus intensive caries prevention activities resulted in knowledge increases but did not improve oral health behaviors or caries increment (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01205971). Knowledge Transfer Statement: When viewed in light of the findings from the companion Pine Ridge study and other recent MI studies, the results of this study suggest that when the complex disease of early childhood caries is addressed in high-risk populations, MI is not effective, and alternative approaches are warranted.
Language shift: analysing language use in multilingual classroom interactions
Authors: Kartika-Ningsih Harni , Rose David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper offers a framework and set of tools for analysing the use of language shift in multilingual classroom discourse. The term language shift refers to the use of multiple languages in all types of interactions, including teaching and learning. The analysis was developed in the context of an action research project in Indonesian schools. It includes three components: a framework for mapping teaching approaches in multilingual classrooms; an analysis of pedagogic interactions, showing the structures of language shift within and between speaker roles; and an analysis of the pedagogic functions of language shift, as lessons and teacher/learner interactions unfold. The theoretical foundation for the analysis is the model of language as text-in-context developed in systemic functional linguistics.
Effects of tannin mordanting on coloring and functionalities of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee grounds
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA large amount of functional materials remain in spent coffee grounds and form discards in the coffee beverage industry. Moreover, the extract from these spent coffee grounds contains sufficient amounts of pigments that can be utilized for textile dyeing. Therefore, in this study, the coloring and functional development of textiles by application of spent coffee extracts to wool fabrics was investigated. For preparation of the dyed wool fabrics, spent coffee grounds were dried after collecting them from a local coffee house. They were then subjected to extraction using a manual espresso machine. The spent coffee extract was applied to wool fabrics using an infrared (IR) dyeing machine, and after dyeing, the wool fabrics were post-mordanted in various concentrations of aqueous tannin solutions. The color and surface properties of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee extract were investigated using spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, respectively. And, their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities were also studied. The dyed wool fabrics were significantly brown in appearance, and their colorfastness to light improved upon mordanting with tannin. In addition, mordanting also improved the antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the dyed wool fabrics.
Making a difference: ethnic inequality and severe mental illness
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Halvorsrud Kristoffer , Nazroo James 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we explore ethnic inequalities in severe mental illness and care experiences. We consider the barriers to progressive and cohesive action and propose ways of overcoming these. Clinical and policy leadership must bring together hidden patient voices, divergent professional narratives and quality research.Declaration of interestK.B. is Editor of the British Journal of Psychiatry, but has not played any role in the decision-making for this paper. K.B. leads and J.N. is a partner and K.H. a researcher in the Synergi Collaborative Centre.
Circadian rhythms and environmental disturbances – underexplored interactions
Authors: Prokkola Jenni M. , Nikinmaa Mikko 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Biological rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms, impacting numerous aspects ranging from subcellular processes to behaviour. Many studies have shown that changes in abiotic environmental conditions can disturb or entrain circadian (∼24 h) rhythms. These expected changes are so large that they could impose risks to the long-term viability of populations. Climate change is a major global stressor affecting the fitness of animals, partially because it challenges the adaptive associations between endogenous clocks and temperature – consequently, one can posit that a large-scale natural experiment on the plasticity of rhythm–temperature interactions is underway. Further risks are posed by chemical pollution and the depletion of oxygen levels in aquatic environments. Here, we focused our attention on fish, which are at heightened risk of being affected by human influence and are adapted to diverse environments showing predictable changes in light conditions, oxygen saturation and temperature. The examined literature to date suggests an abundance of mechanisms that can lead to interactions between responses to hypoxia, pollutants or pathogens and regulation of endogenous rhythms, but also reveals gaps in our understanding of the plasticity of endogenous rhythms in fish and in how these interactions may be disturbed by human influence and affect natural populations. Here, we summarize research on the molecular mechanisms behind environment–clock interactions as they relate to oxygen variability, temperature and responses to pollutants, and propose ways to address these interactions more conclusively in future studies.
Historicising the Metapolitefsi: A Review of the Three Publications of the Themelio Metapolitefsi Series
Authors: Markatos Kimon 
Published: August 2018

Review of three publications:Manos Avgeridis, Efi Gazi and Kostis Kornetis (eds.), Μεταπολίτευση: Η Ελλάδα στο μεταίχμιο δύο αιώνων [Metapolitefsi: Greece at the crossroads of two centuries]. Athens: Themelio, 2015. 448 pp.Vangelis Karamanolakis, Ilias Nikolakopoulos and Tasos Sakellaropoulos (eds.), Η μεταπολίτευση ’74-’75: Στιγμές μιας μετάβασης [The metapolitefsi, 1974–75: moments of a transition]. Athens: Themelio, 2016. 248 pp.Leonidas Kallivretakis, Δικτατορία και μεταπολίτευση [Dictatorship and metapolitefsi]. Athens: Themelio, 2017. 280 pp.
Photini Danou, Η Λερναία Ύδρα των Αχρείων: Τα πληβεία στρώματα στην αγγλική πολιτική σκέψη (1509-1625) [The hydra of the vile: plebeians in English political theory, 1509-1625]
Authors: Liapi Lena 
Published: August 2018

Review of Photini Danou. Η Λερναία Ύδρα των Αχρείων: Τα πληβεία στρώματα στην αγγλική πολιτική σκέψη (1509-1625) [The hydra of the vile: plebeians in English political theory, 1509-1625]. Athens: Irodotos, 2017. 156 pp.
Infeksi pada Ginjal dan Saluran Kemih Anak: Manifestasi Klinis dan Tata Laksana
Authors: Pardede Sudung O 
Published: August 2018

Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) disebabkan berbagai jenis mikroba seperti bakteri, virus, dan jamur. Penyebab ISK paling sering adalah bakteri Escherichia coli. Infeksi saluran kemih pada anak dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan lokasi infeksi, manifestasi klinis, ada tidaknya kelainan saluran kemih, dan kepentingan klinis. Manifestasi klinis ISK bervariasi, tergantung pada usia, tempat infeksi dalam saluran kemih, dan beratnya infeksi atau intensitas reaksi peradangan. Sebagian ISK pada anak merupakan ISK asimtomatik dan umumnya ditemukan pada anak usia sekolah, terutama anak perempuan dan ISK asimtomatik umumnya tidak berlanjut menjadi pielonefritis. Manifestasi klinis ISK pada anak dapat berupa pielonefritis akut atau febrile urinary tract infection, sistitis, sistitis hemorhagik, ISK asimtomatik. Tata laksana ISK terdiri atas eradikasi infeksi akut, deteksi dan tata laksana kelainan anatomi dan fungsional pada ginjal dan saluran kemih, deteksi dan mencegah infeksi berulang. Tujuan pemberian antimikroba adalah untuk mengatasi infeksi akut, mencegah urosepsis, dan mencegah atau mengurangi kerusakan ginjal.
Interaction between photoactivators and adhesive systems used as modeling liquid on the degree of conversion of a composite for bleached teeth
Authors: Dos Santos Thiago Jonathan Silva , Melo Ana Margarida dos Santos , Tertulino Matheus Dantas , Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Da Silva Ademir Oliveira , Medeiros Maria Cristina dos Santos 
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study analyzed the effect of two light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the degree of conversion (DC) of a composite resin for bleached teeth under the influence of adhesives systems used as modeling liquid. Material and methods: A total of 60 samples of IPS Empress Direct resin (Ivoclar, Vivadent) in BL-L shade were made in a single increment and polymerized for 20 seconds. The treatments were: 1) Type of adhesive used as modeling liquid (Adper Single Bond 2; the bond component of Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; or no adhesive systems used as modeling liquid were used in the control group); and 2) Type of LED (Bluephase, polywave; and Coltolux, monowave). The DC, percentage of monomers converted to polymer during polymerization, was were evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) with 10 scans and wavenumber related to 1/? for observation of the peaks at 1608 and 1638 cm-1. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test (p< 0.05). Results: There was no statistical difference between LEDs in comparison to the treatments (p> 0.05). However, there was a statistically significant increase in the DC for the adhesive systems tested in comparison to the control group (p< 0.05), with the highest values for Single Bond 2. Conclusion: It is concluded that the use of adhesives as modeling liquid of Empress Direct resin for bleached teeth shade increases the degree of conversion of the composite surface, and that curing with both kinds of LEDs does not interfere in this property. KeywordsComposite resins; Dentin-bonding agents; Surface properties.
Comparative analysis of different prophylatic methods on primary teeth enamel roughness
Authors: Fava Marcelo , Viana Frascino Alexandre , Balducci Ivan , Ramos Carolina Judica 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform an experimental quantitative comparison of primary teeth enamel alterations under three commonly prophylaxis surface polishing treatments. Material and Methods: 36 healthy primary teeth naturally exfoliated were selected and randomly separated in three groups. Group I was treated with a rotary instrument set at a low speed, rubber cup and a mixture of water and pumice; group II with a rotary instrument set at a low speed, rubber cup and prophylaxis paste Herjos-F (Vigodent S/A Indústria e Comércio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); and group III with sodium bicarbonate spray Profi II Ceramic (Dabi Atlante Indústrias Médico Odontológicas Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). All procedures were performed by the same operator for ten seconds, and samples were rinsed and stored in distilled water. Pre-and post-treatment surface evaluation was completed using a surface profilometer Mitutoyo SJ400. Results: The results of this study were statistically analyzed with the GraphPad PRISM (version 6, 2010). The pumice and water led to significantly rougher surfaces than other groups in Tukey’s test (Group I: 1.22 Ra; Group II 0.38 Ra; Group III: 1.01 Ra). Pre-and post-treatment comparison revealed significantly rougher enamel surface with pumice. Conclusion: Based on this study, it can be concluded that there was an increased enamel surface roughness when teeth were treated with pumice and water in comparison to bicarbonate spray and prophylaxis paste.KeywordsDental enamel; Dental prophylaxis; Jet abrasive system; Enamel roughness; Primary teeth.
The Role of paribhāṣās in Mīmāṃsā: Rational Rules of Textual Exegesis
Authors: Freschi Elisa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article provides a first investigation on the metarules adopted in the Mīmāṃsā school of textual exegesis. These are not systematically listed and discussed, but they can be seen at work throughout the history of Mīmāṃsā. The Mīmāṃsā school has the exegesis of the sacred texts called Veda as its main focus. The metarules used to understand the Vedic texts are, however, not derived from the Veda itself and are rather rational rules which can be derived from the use of language in general and which Mīmāṃsā authors recognized and analyzed. Since the metarules are considered to be not derived from the Veda, it is all but natural that later authors inspired by Mīmāṃsā apply them outside the precinct of the Veda, for instance in the fields of textual linguistics, poetics, theology and jurisprudence.
NPM1A in plasma is a potential prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sun Chengming , Gao Yujie , Yang Liping , Shao Huiyuan , li Jie , Gao Xuejun , Ma Li , Lin Mingming , Sui Jingrui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate whether nucleophosmin type A mutation (NPM1A) in plasma was associated with the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsPlasmaNPM1Alevels were investigated in 80 AML patients, 22 patients with benign hematopathy and 12 healthy donors by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the relationship betweenNPM1Alevels and clinic characteristics were evaluated by Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS), and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsPlasma levels ofNPM1Ain AML patients were significantly higher than those in benign hematopathy patients and healthy controls, respectively (both P<0.001). Additionally, highNPM1Alevel was significantly associated with higher WBC and platelet count (both, P<0.05). Moreover, survival analysis revealed that patients with highNPM1Alevels had worse OS (P<0.001) and RFS (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identifiedNPM1Aas an independent prognostic predictor for AML (OS: HR=8.214, 95% CI: 2.974-22.688, P<0.001; RFS: HR=4.640, 95%CI: 1.825-11.795, P=0.001).ConclusionsResults reveal thatNPM1Ain plasma could serve as an ideal tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with AML.
Small heat shock proteins and neurodegeneration: recent developments
Authors: Kourtis Nikos , Tavernarakis Nektarios 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMembers of the small heat shock protein (sHSP) family are molecular chaperones with a critical role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under unfavorable conditions. The chaperone properties of sHSPs prevent protein aggregation, and sHSP deregulation underlies the pathology of several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence suggests that the clientele of sHSPs is broad, and the mechanisms of sHSP-mediated neuroprotection diverse. Nonetheless, the crosstalk of sHSPs with the neurodegeneration-promoting signaling pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we survey recent findings on the role and regulation of sHSPs in neurodegenerative diseases.
Study on gamma ray shielding performance of concretes doped with natural sepiolite mineral
Authors: Agar Osman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Gamma ray attenuation coefficients for various concrete types containing natural sepiolite mineral and B4C have been experimentally investigated at different gamma energies. In order to obtain the gamma rays, the four radioactive point-isotropic sources 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 22Na which energies ranged from 80.9 to 1332.5 keV have been utilized. The measurements have been carried out by using HPGe detector and MCA equipped with a personal computer. The morphological structure and elemental compositions of the concretes have been measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ
m

), half value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) have been calculated for all concretes. The obtained results have been compared to the other materials such as Pb and Al.
Effect of Postactivation Potentiation on Explosive Vertical Jump: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dobbs Ward C. , Tolusso Danilo V. , Fedewa Michael V. , Esco Michael R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dobbs, WC, Tolusso, DV, Fedewa, MV, and Esco, MR. Effect of postactivation potentiation on explosive vertical jump: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 2009–2018, 2019—The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the magnitude of the effect of postactivation potentiation (PAP) on explosive vertical power while accounting for the nesting of multiple effects within each study. This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA). Original research articles published by January 18, 2018, were located using an electronic search of 4 databases and yielded 759 original publications. Data were extracted and independently coded by 2 authors (W.C.D. and D.V.T.). The standardized mean effect size (ES) was calculated by subtracting the pre-treatment mean from the post-treatment mean and dividing by the pooled SD, adjusting for small sample bias. Multilevel random-effects model was used to aggregate a mean ES and 95% confidence interval (CI) for PAP on vertical jump performance. The cumulative results of 179 effects gathered from 36 studies indicate that PAP does not improve vertical jump performance (ES = 0.08, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.21, p = 0.197), with moderate heterogeneity. Moderator analysis indicated that rest intervals between 3 and 7 minutes provided favorable performance outcomes (ES = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.31, p = 0.007). Conversely, rest intervals less than 3 minutes (ES = −0.15, 95% CI −0.31 to 0.01, p = 0.052) or performing isometric contractions (ES = −0.52, 95% CI −0.89 to −0.14, p = 0.007) may be detrimental to performance. Meta-regression indicated that rest interval was the only moderator significantly associated with ES (β = −0.04, 95% CI −0.57 to −0.02, R
2 = 14.31%, p < 0.001). When appropriate PAP guidelines are followed, an increase in vertical jump performance may be achieved.