bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy is associated with early recovery of renal function: Comparison of open, laparoscopic, and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy using DTPA renal scintigraphy
Authors: Choi Se Young , Jung Han , You Dalsan , Jeong In Gab , Song Cheryn , Hong Bumsik , Hong Jun Hyuk , Ahn Hanjong , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the functional outcomes of open, laparoscopic, and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (OPN, LPN, and RAPN, respectively) using diethylene triamine penta‐acetic acid (DTPA).MethodsWe identified 610 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (285 open partial nephrectomy [OPN], 96 laparoscopic partial nephrectomy [LPN], and 229 robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy [RAPN]) with preoperative and postoperative DTPA within 1 year. We excluded multiple renal masses and history of immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Predictive factors for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reduction were assessed using multivariate linear regression.ResultsPostoperative complications and disease‐free survival were similar in the three groups. Within 1 postoperative year, OPN showed a significantly lower mean ipsilateral GFR than LPN and RAPN (28.9 versus 32.4 versus 32.7 mL/min/1.73 m
2, respectively; P < 0.001). RAPN was associated with a significantly higher total GFR than OPN within 1 year (76.6 versus 71.2 mL/min/1.73 m
2, respectively; P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis within 1 year, operation type (OPN versus RAPN:
β = 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–4.48; P = 0.001) was significantly associated with GFR reduction.ConclusionThere was no difference in postoperative complications and disease‐free survival among operation types. RAPN could help to promote earlier recovery of ipsilateral GFR than OPN.
Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for determination of thiocyanate and iodide by liquid chromatography
Authors: Cui Ge , Yu Hong , Ma Ya‐jie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of thiocyanate and iodide by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with UV detection using imidazolium ionic liquids as mobile phase additives. The chromatographic behaviors of the two anions on a C18 column were studied and compared with four types of reagents including imidazolium ionic liquids, pyridinium ionic liquids, 4‐aminophenol hydrochloride and tetrabutylammonium as mobile phase additives. The effects of the concentrations of imidazolium ionic liquids, organic solvents and detection wavelength on separation and detection of the anions were investigated. The role of ionic liquids, retention rules and mechanisms were discussed. The separation of the anions was performed on the C18 reserved‐phase column using acetonitrile‐0.3 mmol/L 1‐amyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (10:90, v/v) as mobile phase, with column temperature of 35°C, flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 210 nm. Under these conditions, the two anions can be completely separated within 6 min. The limits of detection were 0.05 mg/L. The method was applied for the determination of thiocyanate and iodide in ionic liquid samples and iodide drugs, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 97 to 101%. The method is simple, accurate and meets the requirements of quantitative analysis for thiocyanate and iodide.
Effect of base oil polarity on the micropitting behaviour in rolling‐sliding contacts
Authors: Cen Hui , Morina Ardian , Neville Anne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn automated micropitting test rig that uses the proven three‐point contact configuration was applied to study the effect of base oil polarity on micropitting behaviour in rolling‐sliding contacts. The tribological tests using one polar (ester) and one non‐polar (polyalpha olefin [PAO]) base oil mixed with four different additives were first done in a micropitting rig to study the friction, wear, and micropitting performance. The tested specimen after tribological tests were examined by an optical microscope to study the micropitting on the surface. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to obtain the related tribochemical information from the reaction layer. The results showed that higher wear and less micropits formed when testing with ester‐based lubricants. This was related to the higher affinity to the steel surface of polar base oil molecules that can compete with additives to attach to the surface, resulting in a thinner reaction layer and shorter chain phosphates.
4D Bioprinting: Technological Advances in Biofabrication
Authors: Yang Gi Hoon , Yeo Miji , Koo Young Won , Kim Geun Hyung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of the three‐dimensional (3D) printer has resulted in significant advances in a number of fields, including rapid prototyping and biomedical devices. For 3D structures, the inclusion of dynamic responses to stimuli is added to develop the concept of four‐dimensional (4D) printing. Typically, 4D printing is useful for biofabrication by reproducing a stimulus‐responsive dynamic environment corresponding to physiological activities. Such a dynamic environment can be precisely designed with an understanding of shape‐morphing effects (SMEs), which enables mimicking the functionality or intricate geometry of tissues. Here, 4D bioprinting is investigated for clinical use, for example, in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and surgery in vivo. This review presents the concept of 4D bioprinting and smart materials defined by SMEs and stimulus‐responsive mechanisms. Then, biomedical smart materials and applications are discussed along with future perspectives.
Osteogenic Effects of VEGF‐Overexpressed Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells with Whitlockite Reinforced Cryogel for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Kim Inseon , Lee Seunghun S. , Kim Seung Hyun L. , Bae Sunghoon , Lee Hoyon , Hwang Nathaniel S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBone is a vascularized tissue that is comprised of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate crystals such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and whitlockite (WH). HAp and WH are known to elicit bone regeneration by stimulating osteoblast activities and osteogenic commitment of stem cells. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is shown to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis which is considered as an essential process in bone repair by providing nutrients. In this study, VEGF‐secreting human adipose‐derived stem cells (VEGF‐ADSCs) are developed by transducing ADSCs with VEGF‐encoded lentivirus. Additionally, WH‐reinforced gelatin/heparin cryogels (WH‐C) are fabricated by loading WH into gelatin/heparin cryogels. VEGF‐ADSC secrete tenfold more VEGF than ADSC and show increased VEGF secretion with cell growth. Also, incorporation of WH into cryogels provides a mineralized environment with ions secreted from WH. When the VEGF‐ADSCs are seeded on WH‐C, sustained release of VEGF is observed due to the specific affinity of VEGF to heparin. Finally, the synergistic effect of VEGF‐ADSC and WH on osteogenesis is successfully confirmed by alkaline phosphatase and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. In vivo bone formation is demonstrated via implantation of VEGF‐ADSC seeded WH‐C into mouse calvarial bone defect model, resulted in enhanced bone development with the highest bone volume/total volume.
Oligomeric protein interference validates druggability of aspartate interconversion in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Batista Fernando A. , Bosch Soraya S. , Butzloff Sabine , Lunev Sergey , Meissner Kamila A. , Linzke Marleen , Romero Atilio R. , Wang Chao , Müller Ingrid B. , Dömling Alexander S. S. , Groves Matthew R. , Wrenger Carsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe appearance of multi‐drug resistant strains of malaria poses a major challenge to human health and validated drug targets are urgently required. To define a protein's function in vivo and thereby validate it as a drug target, highly specific tools are required that modify protein function with minimal cross‐reactivity. While modern genetic approaches often offer the desired level of target specificity, applying these techniques is frequently challenging—particularly in the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Our hypothesis is that such challenges can be addressed by incorporating mutant proteins within oligomeric protein complexes of the target organism in vivo. In this manuscript, we provide data to support our hypothesis by demonstrating that recombinant expression of mutant proteins within P. falciparum leverages the native protein oligomeric state to influence protein function in vivo, thereby providing a rapid validation of potential drug targets. Our data show that interference with aspartate metabolism in vivo leads to a significant hindrance in parasite survival and strongly suggest that enzymes integral to aspartate metabolism are promising targets for the discovery of novel antimalarials.
Design of microstrip moisture sensor for determination of moisture content in rice with improved mean relative error
Authors: Jain Sweety , Mishra Pankaj Kumar , Thakare Vandana Vikas , Mishra Jyoti 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrostrip patch sensor was designed for resonant frequency (fr) 8.1 GHz, printed on FR4 material thickness of 1.676 mm, and relative permittivity was 4.4. For simulation, CST Microwave Studio was used. The aim was to measure the moisture content (MC) of basmati rice whose various properties were longest average rice length (L) 7.2 mm, average width (W) 1.61 mm, L/W ratio 4.47, and bulk density was varied from 554.3 to 591 kg/m3 (bulk density was increase with increase of MC). For checking the working performance of design sensor, predicted moisture content (PMC) and actual moisture content (AMC) were compared. In the former case, reflection coefficient of overlaid rice was measured from vector network analyzer; PMC obtained was varied from 10.53% to 21.67%. In latter case, AMC was varied from 10.71% to 21.87%. Therefore, the lowest mean relative error (MRE) was 1.86% at 8.1 GHz. Hence, the proposed sensor was found to be more accurate than previous designs.
Unsupervised abnormality detection through mixed structure regularization (MSR) in deep sparse autoencoders
Authors: Freiman Moti , Manjeshwar Ravindra , Goshen Liran 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to introduce and evaluate the mixed structure regularization (MSR) approach for a deep sparse autoencoder aimed at unsupervised abnormality detection in medical images. Unsupervised abnormality detection based on identifying outliers using deep sparse autoencoders is a very appealing approach for computer‐aided detection systems as it requires only healthy data for training rather than expert annotated abnormality. However, regularization is required to avoid overfitting of the network to the training data.MethodsWe used coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) datasets of 90 subjects with expert annotated centerlines. We segmented coronary lumen and wall using an automatic algorithm with manual corrections where required. We defined normal coronary cross section as cross sections with a ratio between lumen and wall areas larger than 0.8. We divided the datasets into training, validation, and testing groups in a tenfold cross‐validation scheme. We trained a deep sparse overcomplete autoencoder model for normality modeling with random structure and noise augmentation. We assessed the performance of our deep sparse autoencoder with MSR without denoising (SAE‐MSR) and with denoising (SDAE‐MSR) in comparison to deep sparse autoencoder (SAE), and deep sparse denoising autoencoder (SDAE) models in the task of detecting coronary artery disease from CCTA data on the test group.ResultsThe SDAE‐MSR achieved the best aggregated area under the curve (AUC) with a 20% improvement and the best aggregated Average Precision (AP) with a 30% improvement upon the SAE and SDAE (AUC: 0.78 to 0.94, AP: 0.66 to 0.86) in distinguishing between coronary cross sections with mild stenosis (stenosis grade < 0.3) and coronary cross sections with severe stenosis (stenosis grade > 0.7). The improvements were statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U‐test, P < 0.001). Similarly, The SDAE‐MSR achieved the best aggregated AUC (AP) with an 18% (18%) improvement upon the SAE and SDAE (AUC: 0.71 to 0.84, AP: 0.68 to 0.80). The improvements were statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U‐test, P < 0.05).ConclusionDeep sparse autoencoders with MSR in addition to explicit sparsity regularization term and stochastic corruption of the input data with Gaussian noise have the potential to improve unsupervised abnormality detection using deep‐learning compared to common deep autoencoders.
Single breath‐held acquisition of coregistered 3D 129Xe lung ventilation and anatomical proton images of the human lung with compressed sensing
Authors: Collier Guilhem J. , Hughes Paul J. C. , Horn Felix C. , Chan Ho‐Fung , Tahir Bilal , Norquay Graham , Stewart Neil J. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo develop and assess a method for acquiring coregistered proton anatomical and hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation MR images of the lungs with compressed sensing (CS) in a single breath hold.MethodsRetrospective CS simulations were performed on fully sampled ventilation images acquired from one healthy smoker to optimize reconstruction parameters. Prospective same‐breath anatomical and ventilation images were also acquired in five ex‐smokers with an acceleration factor of 3 for hyperpolarized 129Xe images, and were compared to fully sampled images acquired during the same session. The following metrics were used to assess data fidelity: mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error, and linear regression of the signal intensity between fully sampled and undersampled images. The effect of CS reconstruction on two quantitative imaging metrics routinely reported [percentage ventilated volume (%VV) and heterogeneity score] was also investigated.ResultsRetrospective simulations showed good agreement between fully sampled and CS‐reconstructed (acceleration factor of 3) images with MAE (root mean square error) of 3.9% (4.5%). The prospective same‐breath images showed a good match in ventilation distribution with an average R2 of 0.76 from signal intensity linear regression and a negligible systematic bias of +0.1% in %VV calculation. A bias of −1.8% in the heterogeneity score was obtained.ConclusionWith CS, high‐quality 3D images of hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation (resolution 4.2 × 4.2 × 7.5 mm3) can be acquired with coregistered 1H anatomical MRI in a 15‐s breath hold. The accelerated acquisition time dispenses with the need for registration between separate breath‐hold 129Xe and 1H MRI, enabling more accurate %VV calculation.
A qualitative study exploring the views of individuals with knee osteoarthritis on the role of physiotherapists in weight management: A complex issue requiring a sophisticated skill set
Authors: Allison Kim , Delany Clare , Setchell Jenny , Egerton Thorlene , Holden Melanie , Quicke Jonathan , Bennell Kim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to explore the attitudes of individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) towards the role of physiotherapists in weight management in knee OA.MethodsThe study took the form of a qualitative semi‐structured telephone interview study. Participants included 13 purposively sampled individuals with symptomatic knee OA who were overweight or obese by body mass index. Each participated in a semi‐structured telephone interview exploring their perspectives regarding the potential role of physiotherapists in weight management in knee OA. Data were transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsThree main themes were identified, which highlighted that individuals with knee OA: (a) recognize that weight management is complex; (b) consider that a special skill set is required by clinicians for weight management; and (c) expressed ambivalence towards physiotherapists' role in weight management, with a focus on the role of exercise prescription.ConclusionsAlthough participants were open to physiotherapists taking on a weight management role within a multidisciplinary team, they were uncertain about whether physiotherapists had the skills and scope of practice needed to address this complex issue. The findings highlight the importance of engagement by physiotherapists in meaningful dialogue with patients, to understand better their experiences, expectations and preferences, and establish if, when and how to integrate patients in weight management discussions in the treatment plan for their knee OA.
Zu viel CO2 aus dem Verkehr: Ist Elektromobilität die Lösung?
Authors: Zellner Reinhard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElektrifizierung gilt als Königsweg, um den Verkehrssektor klimaschonender zu gestalten. Doch die Stromerzeugung in Deutschland und die Herstellung von Batterien sind weit davon entfernt, emissionsfrei zu sein.
Mit den GDCh‐Fachgruppen nach innen und außen wirken
Authors: Karger Gerhard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDie Sichtbarkeit erhöhen und den Wandel im Publikationswesen meistern – das waren zwei der Themen der zweitägigen Klausurtagung der Fachgruppenvorsitzenden mit dem GDCh‐Präsidenten, die Mitte November vergangenen Jahres im Exerzitienhaus Himmelspforten in Würzburg stattfand. Mit von der Partie waren auch Vertreter der GDCh‐Geschäftsstelle und der Bundessprecher des GDCh‐JungChemikerForums.
Multiscale modeling of large deformation in geomechanics
Authors: Liang Weijian , Zhao Jidong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryLarge deformation soil behavior underpins the operation and performance for a wide range of key geotechnical structures and needs to be properly considered in their modeling, analysis, and design. The material point method (MPM) has gained increasing popularity recently over conventional numerical methods such as finite element method (FEM) in tackling large deformation problems. In this study, we present a novel hierarchical coupling scheme to integrate MPM with discrete element method (DEM) for multiscale modeling of large deformation in geomechanics. The MPM is employed to treat a typical boundary value problem that may experience large deformation, and the DEM is used to derive the nonlinear material response from small strain to finite strain required by MPM for each of its material points. The proposed coupling framework not only inherits the advantages of MPM in tackling large deformation engineering problems over the use of FEM (eg, no need for remeshing to avoid mesh distortion in FEM), but also helps avoid the need for complicated, phenomenological assumptions on constitutive material models for soil exhibiting high nonlinearity at finite strain. The proposed framework lends great convenience for us to relate rich grain‐scale information and key micromechanical mechanisms to macroscopic observations of granular soils over all deformation levels, from initial small‐strain stage en route to large deformation regime before failure. Several classic geomechanics examples are used to demonstrate the key features the new MPM/DEM framework can offer on large deformation simulations, including biaxial compression test, rigid footing, soil‐pipe interaction, and soil column collapse.
Partial volume mapping using magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Deshmane Anagha , McGivney Debra F. , Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Badve Chaitra , Gulani Vikas , Seiberlich Nicole , Griswold Mark A. 
Published: March 2019

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a quantitative imaging technique that maps multiple tissue properties through pseudorandom signal excitation and dictionary‐based reconstruction.The aim of this study is to estimate and validate partial volumes from MRF signal evolutions (PV‐MRF), and to characterize possible sources of error.Partial volume model inversion (pseudoinverse) and dictionary‐matching approaches to calculate brain tissue fractions (cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, white matter) were compared in a numerical phantom and seven healthy subjects scanned at 3 T. Results were validated by comparison with ground truth in simulations and ROI analysis in vivo. Simulations investigated tissue fraction errors arising from noise, undersampling artifacts, and model errors. An expanded partial volume model was investigated in a brain tumor patient.PV‐MRF with dictionary matching is robust to noise, and estimated tissue fractions are sensitive to model errors. A 6% error in pure tissue T1 resulted in average absolute tissue fraction error of 4% or less. A partial volume model within these accuracy limits could be semi‐automatically constructed in vivo using k‐means clustering of MRF‐mapped relaxation times. Dictionary‐based PV‐MRF robustly identifies pure white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid, and partial volumes in subcortical structures. PV‐MRF could also estimate partial volumes of solid tumor and peritumoral edema.We conclude that PV‐MRF can attribute subtle changes in relaxation times to altered tissue composition, allowing for quantification of specific tissues which occupy a fraction of a voxel.
Cyclic poly(lactide)s via the ROPPOC method catalyzed by alkyl‐ or aryltin chlorides
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Scheliga Felix 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA comparison of tributyltin chloride, dibutyltin dichloride, and butyltin trichloride as catalysts of ring‐opening polymerizations (ROPs) of l‐lactides at 160 °C in bulk reveals increasing reactivity in the above order, but only the least reactive catalysts, Bu3SnCl, yield a uniform reaction product, namely cyclic poly(L‐lactide)s with weight average molecular weights (Mw's) in the range of 40,000–80,000. A comparison of dimethyltin , dibutyltin , and diphenyltin dichlorides resulted in the following order of reactivity: Me2SnCl2 < Bu2SnCl2 < <Ph2SnCl2. In this series also, the most reactive catalyst yields cyclic polylactides, but the extent of cyclization varies with the molecular weight. The formation of cyclic polylactides is explained by ROP combined with simultaneous polycondensation involving end‐to‐end cyclization (ROPPOC method). ROP of meso‐lactide at 80 or 60 °C yields even‐numbered linear chains as main products, a result supporting the ROPPOC mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 952–960
A nanoparticle co‐matrix for multiple charging in matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization imaging of tissue
Authors: Banstola Bijay , Murray Kermit K. 
Published: March 2019

RationaleA two‐component matrix of 2‐nitrophloroglucinol (2‐NPG) and silica nanoparticles was used for matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging of high‐charge‐state biomolecules in tissue. Potential advantages include increased effective mass range and efficiency of fragmentation.MethodsA mixture of 2‐NPG matrix and silica nanoparticles was applied to cyrosectioned 10 μm thick mouse brain tissue. The mixture was pipetted onto the tissue for profiling and sprayed for tissue imaging. MALDI images were obtained under high vacuum in a commercial time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer.ResultsThe combined 2‐NPG and nanoparticle matrix produced highly charged ions from tissue with high‐vacuum MALDI. Nanoparticles of 20, 70, 400, and 1000 nm in diameter were tested, the 20 nm particles producing the highest charge states. Images of mouse brain tissue obtained from highly charged ions show similar spatial localization.ConclusionsThe combined 2‐NPG and nanoparticle matrix produces highly charged ions from tissue through a mechanism that may rely on the high surface area of the particles which can dry the tissue, and their ability to bind analyte molecules thereby assisting in crystal formation and production of multiply charged ions on laser irradiation.