bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Hydrogel Electrospun Fibers for Spinal Cord Regeneration
Authors: Chen Chunmao , Tang Jincheng , Gu Yong , Liu Lili , Liu Xingzhi , Deng Lianfu , Martins Cláudia , Sarmento Bruno , Cui Wenguo , Chen Liang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFully simulating the components and microstructures of soft tissue is a challenge for its functional regeneration. A new aligned hydrogel microfiber scaffold for spinal cord regeneration is constructed with photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and electrospinning technology. The directional porous hydrogel fibrous scaffold consistent with nerve axons is vital to guide cell migration and axon extension. The GelMA hydrogel electrospun fibers soak up water more than six times their weight, with a lower Young's modulus, providing a favorable survival and metabolic environment for neuronal cells. GelMA fibers further demonstrate higher antinestin, anti‐Tuj‐1, antisynaptophysin, and anti‐CD31 gene expression in neural stem cells, neuronal cells, synapses, and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. In contrast, anti‐GFAP and anti‐CS56 labeled astrocytes and glial scars of GelMA fibers are shown to be present in a lesser extent compared with gelatin fibers. The soft bionic scaffold constructed with electrospun GelMA hydrogel fibers not only facilitates the migration of neural stem cells and induces their differentiation into neuronal cells, but also inhibits the glial scar formation and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, the scaffold with a high degree of elasticity can resist deformation without the protection of a bony spinal canal. The bioinspired aligned hydrogel microfiber proves to be efficient and versatile in triggering functional regeneration of the spinal cord.
Tumor Lysate‐Loaded Lipid Hybrid Nanovaccine Collaborated with an Immune Checkpoint Antagonist for Combination Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Xiaomeng , Wu Tingting , Qin Xianya , Qi Yan , Qiao Qi , Yang Conglian , Zhang Zhiping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer vaccines have shown great potential for treating different types of cancer. However, the application of vaccination still presents two major challenges. One is efficiency of antigen delivery, and the other is dealing with immune tolerance accompanied with tumor development. Lipid zinc phosphate hybrid nanoparticles (LZnP NPs) with a unique material structure can realize efficient delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) and also serve as an adjuvant to promote immune responses. Herein, ZnP NPs are introduced to load toll‐like receptor 4 agonist (monophosphoryl lipid A) and B16F10 melanoma cell‐derived tumor lysate (TLS) for vaccination. To regulate immune tolerance, the immune checkpoint antagonist, d‐peptide antagonist (DPPA‐1), is involved in treatment. TLS‐loaded LZnP nanovaccine can efficiently prime DCs and induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes response. The explored combination treatment further exhibits the anticipated tumor inhibition on therapeutic and prophylactic melanoma models with extended survival time. It demonstrates the possibility to combine TLS‐loaded LZnP nanovaccine with DPPA‐1 against melanoma and provides support to optimize the combination treatment based on nanovaccine and immune checkpoint therapy.
Atomic Structure and Electrical Activity of Grain Boundaries and Ruddlesden–Popper Faults in Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite
Authors: Thind Arashdeep Singh , Luo Guangfu , Hachtel Jordan A. , Morrell Maria V. , Cho Sung Beom , Borisevich Albina Y. , Idrobo Juan‐Carlos , Xing Yangchuan , Mishra Rohan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the role of planar defects in lead‐halide perovskites—cheap, versatile semiconducting materials—it is critical to examine their structure, including defects, at the atomic scale and develop a detailed understanding of their impact on electronic properties. In this study, postsynthesis nanocrystal fusion, aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and first‐principles calculations are combined to study the nature of different planar defects formed in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Two types of prevalent planar defects from atomic resolution imaging are observed: previously unreported Br‐rich [001](210)∑5 grain boundaries (GBs) and Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) planar faults. The first‐principles calculations reveal that neither of these planar faults induce deep defect levels, but their Br‐deficient counterparts do. It is found that the ∑5 GB repels electrons and attracts holes, similar to an n–p–n junction, and the RP planar defects repel both electrons and holes, similar to a semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor junction. Finally, the potential applications of these findings and their implications to understand the planar defects in organic–inorganic lead‐halide perovskites that have led to solar cells with extremely high photoconversion efficiencies are discussed.
Polymer Doping Enables a Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas for High‐Performance Homojunction Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Yao , Huang Wei , Sangwan Vinod K. , Wang Binghao , Zeng Li , Wang Gang , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun , Bedzyk Michael J. , Hersam Mark C. , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance solution‐processed metal oxide (MO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are realized by fabricating a homojunction of indium oxide (In2O3) and polyethylenimine (PEI)‐doped In2O3 (In2O3:x% PEI, x = 0.5–4.0 wt%) as the channel layer. A two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is thereby achieved by creating a band offset between the In2O3 and PEI‐In2O3 via work function tuning of the In2O3:x% PEI, from 4.00 to 3.62 eV as the PEI content is increased from 0.0 (pristine In2O3) to 4.0 wt%, respectively. The resulting devices achieve electron mobilities greater than 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 on a 300 nm SiO2 gate dielectric. Importantly, these metrics exceed those of the devices composed of the pristine In2O3 materials, which achieve a maximum mobility of ≈4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, a mobility as high as 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 is achieved on a high‐k ZrO2 dielectric in the homojunction devices. This is the first demonstration of 2DEG‐based homojunction oxide TFTs via band offset achieved by simple polymer doping of the same MO material.
Region‐Dependent and Stable Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Effect Driven by Novel In‐Plane Self‐Polarization in Narrow‐Bandgap Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 Thin Film
Authors: Li Yong , Cui Xiaxia , Sun Ningning , Du Jinhua , Li Xiaowei , Jia Guixiao , Hao Xihong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFerroelectric polarization is a crucial factor to induce photovoltaic (PV) effect in ferroelectric materials. Here, a novel in‐plane self‐polarization is found for the first time in a polycrystalline Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 thin film prepared by the sol–gel process. Different from out‐of‐plane polarization with uniform orientation in the vertical direction, the in‐plane self‐polarization exhibits radialized orientation which points from the center of the thin film to its edges in the horizontal direction. It is demonstrated that the forming of the self‐polarization is attributed to the internal electric field caused by NiBi dipoles. The peculiar polarization induces the region‐dependent ferroelectric PV effect and rectification behavior in the horizontal direction of the thin film. Moreover, in a long time and wide temperature range, the thin film maintains the stable PV properties due to the constant self‐polarization state. This work makes a new cognition for the nature of ferroelectric polarization, and it highlights the Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 thin film as a PV and electronic material for peculiar photoelectric devices.
Highly Fluorescent Liquid Crystals from Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Molecules
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Aotani Mika , Watanabe Go , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Padalkar Vikas S. , Tsutsui Yusuke , Sakamaki Daisuke , Ozaki Masanori , Seki Shu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFluorescence via excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) provides strong light emission with a large Stokes shift and environment‐sensitive unique spectral patterns. Particular systems including 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) serve as efficient solid‐state emitters with the ESIPT mechanism and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) property, but have not been used for liquid crystalline (LC) materials. Here, rod‐shaped fluorescent LCs with ESIPT characters are newly developed based on the HBT motif. The design of the targeted molecules is in line with a simple design principle: a molecule with an alkyl tail, rigid ring, and active HBT core. The LC C6Ph‐HBT is highly luminescent in the solid state with an absolute fluorescence quantum yield (ΦFL) up to 0.39 and exhibits anisotropic fluorescence in its nematic LC phase. C6Ph‐HBT is miscible up to 6 wt% with a conventional room‐temperature (r.t.) nematic LC 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB), allowing homogeneous fluorescent r.t. LCs. The LC mixture 5CB/C6Ph‐HBT shows ΦFL of 0.26 even in the nonaggregated state, and responds to an electric field with dynamic modulation of not only the optical transparency but also polarized fluorescence. The interplay of highly efficient fluorescence from ESIPT cores and their visible transparency is encouraging for future optical applications of the present molecular systems.
Some insights into the structure and morphology of surfactant‐doped poly(o‐toluidine)
Authors: Farooq Shehna , Shah Anwar‐ul‐Haq Ali , Bilal Salma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPoly(o‐toluidine) (POT) doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized systematically for morphological, structural, electrochemical, and thermal properties with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM demonstrated irregular granular morphology of the polymer with high porosity similar to polyaniline (PANI). The size distribution of POT salts was analyzed using Nano Measurer 1.2.5 software from scanning electron micrographs. The semicrystalline nature, with crystallite size and d‐spacing in the range of 21.4–30.2 nm and 4.93–4.99 Å, respectively, was confirmed from XRD. The activation energy (Ea) of degradation was calculated from TGA curves using Coats and Redfern (39.92–47.50 kJ/mol) & Horwitz and Metzger (50.09 ̶ 57.45 kJ/mol) methods, respectively. The small crystallite size, high thermal stability, and high values of the activation energy of degradation reveal that DBSA is an efficient dopant for POT and imparts interesting characteristics to this otherwise less thermally stable polymer. The fast rate of electron transfer of POT, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, reveals its high electrochemical activity toward electrolyte. Potentiodynamic polarization measurement of POT‐coated stainless steel showed large anodic potential shift as compared to uncoated stainless steel, illustrated good anticorrosion performance. The enhanced anticorrosion performance is due to synergic effect of dopant which increases the contortion of diffusion pathway of corrosive substance.
Structurally Ordered Fe3Pt Nanoparticles on Robust Nitride Support as a High Performance Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Quanbing , Du Li , Fu Gengtao , Cui Zhiming , Li Yutao , Dang Dai , Gao Xiang , Zheng Qiang , Goodenough John B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe commercialization of fuel cell technologies requires a significant reduction in the amount of expensive platinum catalyst in the cathode while still maintaining high catalytic activity and stability. Herein a cost‐effective, highly durable, and efficient catalyst consisting of ordered Fe3Pt nanoparticles supported by mesoporous Ti0.5Cr0.5N (Fe3Pt/Ti0.5Cr0.5N) is demonstrated. The Fe3Pt/Ti0.5Cr0.5N catalyst exhibits a five‐fold increase in mass activity relative to a Pt/C catalyst at 0.9 V for the oxygen reduction reaction. More importantly, the catalyst shows a minimal loss of activity after 5000 potential cycles (9.7%). The enhanced activity of the ordered Fe3Pt/Ti0.5Cr0.5N catalyst, in combination with its enhanced stability, makes it very promising for the development of new cathode catalysts for fuel cells.
Robust Pitch on Silicon Nanolayer–Embedded Graphite for Suppressing Undesirable Volume Expansion
Authors: Choi Seong‐Hyeon , Nam Gyutae , Chae Sujong , Kim Donghyuk , Kim Namhyung , Kim Won Sik , Ma Jiyoung , Sung Jaekyung , Han Seung Min , Ko Minseong , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Cho Jaephil 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA significant volume expansion exhibited by high‐capacity active materials upon lithiation has hindered their application as Li‐ion battery anode materials. Although tremendous progress has been made in the development of coating methods that improve the stability of high‐capacity active materials, suitable coating sources that are both strong and economical to use are yet to be discovered. Pitch is reported here as a promising coating source for high‐capacity anodes owing to the high mechanical strength and low‐cost process. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, it is found that pitch can withstand the severe volume expansion that occurs upon Si lithiation owing to its high mechanical strength, originating from the long‐range graphitic ordering. Notably, pitch‐coated silicon nanolayer–embedded graphite (SG) exhibits superior capacity retention (81.9%) compared to that of acetylene‐coated SG (66%) over 200 cycles in a full‐cell by effectively mitigating volume expansion, even under industrial electrode density conditions (1.6 g cc−1). Thus, this work presents new possibilities for the development of high‐capacity anodes for industrial implementation.
In Situ Encapsulation of Iron Complex Nanoparticles into Biomass‐Derived Heteroatom‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Huaping , Li Jun , Jin Huile , Yu Xiaochun , Lei Yong , Wang Shun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe capacitive performance of carbon materials could be enhanced by means of increasing the number of active sites, the surface area, and the porosity as well as through incorporating heteroatoms into the carbon framework. However, the charge storage through electric double‐layer mechanism results in limited increase in capacitance of modified carbon materials. Herein, a simple and straightforward strategy is introduced for in situ synthesizing iron complex (FeX, which X includes O, C, and P) nanoparticles encapsulated into biomass‐derived N, P‐codoped carbon nanotubes (NPCNTs), using a natural resource, egg yolk, as heteroatom‐enriched carbon sources and potassium ferricyanide as the precursor for iron complex. Compared with heteroatom‐enriched carbon nanomaterials derived from the carbonization of egg yolk, the synergetic function of the heteroatom doping, the incorporation of FeX nanoparticles, and the unique structural characteristics endows the as‐prepared sample with largely improved electrochemical performance. As expected, FeX@NPCNTs hybrid nanomaterials exhibit superior capacitive performance, including high specific capacitance, impressive rate performance, and excellent cycle stability. Using the as‐prepared FeX@NPCNTs hybrid nanomaterials as electroactive materials, a symmetric supercapacitor with high capacity and a long‐term cyclability is finally demonstrated (more than 99% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1).
Sexual harassment and its relationship with depressive symptoms: A nationwide study of Korean EMS providers
Authors: Yoo Junghun , Kim Ji‐Hwan , Yoon Jaehong , Kim Seung‐Sup 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundEmergency medical service (EMS) providers may face sexual harassment (SH) from citizens. No studies have assessed SH prevalence and its association with depressive symptoms among EMS providers in South Korea.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional survey of 1346 EMS providers in South Korea. SH experience was assessed by asking, “During the past 12 months, have you ever experienced sexual harassment on duty by civil citizens?” Depressive symptoms during the preceding week were assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Modified Poisson regression was applied to examine association between SH and depressive symptoms.ResultsAmong EMS providers, 28.1% of females and 5.6% of males reported sexual harassment. In the gender‐stratified analysis, EMS providers those who experienced SH were more likely to have depressive symptoms among females (PR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.99, 4.44) and males (PR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.86).ConclusionsFemale EMS providers were about five times more likely to experience SH than males.
Simulated Molecular Evolution for Anticancer Peptide Design
Authors: Neuhaus Claudia S. , Gabernet Gisela , Steuer Christian , Root Katharina , Hiss Jan A. , Zenobi Renato , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA computational technique based on a simulated molecular evolution protocol was employed for anticancer peptide (ACP) design. Starting from known ACPs, innovative bioactive peptides were automatically generated in computer‐assisted design–synthesize–test cycles. This design algorithm offers a viable strategy for the generation of novel peptide sequences, without requiring a priori structure–activity knowledge. Sequence morphing and activity improvement were achieved through iterative amino acid variation and selection. Results show that not only the interaction of ACPs with the target membrane is important for their anticancer activity, but also the degree of peptide dimerization, which was corroborated by temperature profiling and electrospray mass spectrometry.
Attrition‐Enhanced Deracemization of the Antimalaria Drug Mefloquine
Authors: Engwerda Anthonius H. J. , Maassen Rick , Tinnemans Paul , Meekes Hugo , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Vlieg Elias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMefloquine is an important drug for prevention and treatment of malaria. It is commercially available as a racemic mixture, wherein only one enantiomer is active against malaria, while the other one causes severe psychotropic effects. By converting the drug into a compound that crystallizes as a racemizable racemic conglomerate, the deracemization of mefloquine into the desired enantiomer was achieved.
Improving transparency and scientific rigor in academic publishing
Authors: Prager Eric M. , Chambers Karen E. , Plotkin Joshua L. , McArthur David L. , Bandrowski Anita E. , Bansal Nidhi , Martone Maryann E. , Bergstrom Hadley C. , Bespalov Anton , Graf Chris 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTProgress in basic and clinical research is slowed when researchers fail to provide a complete and accurate report of how a study was designed, executed, and the results analyzed. Publishing rigorous scientific research involves a full description of the methods, materials, procedures, and outcomes. Investigators may fail to provide a complete description of how their study was designed and executed because they may not know how to accurately report the information or the mechanisms are not in place to facilitate transparent reporting. Here, we provide an overview of how authors can write manuscripts in a transparent and thorough manner. We introduce a set of reporting criteria that can be used for publishing, including recommendations on reporting the experimental design and statistical approaches. We also discuss how to accurately visualize the results and provide recommendations for peer reviewers to enhance rigor and transparency. Incorporating transparency practices into research manuscripts will significantly improve the reproducibility of the results by independent laboratories.
‘We argue a lot and don't talk with each other’: How distressed are families when seeking Relate family counselling?
Authors: Vossler Andreas , Moller Naomi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsFamily counselling, with its preventative and supportive focus, could offer an important addition to higher intensity family therapy services, improving functioning for families in need. However, a basic question is whether families presenting to such services are, as assumed, less distressed than those presenting to National Health Service (NHS) services. This study therefore examined the levels of distress (child and family functioning) of families seeking help at a national voluntary sector family counselling service (Relate). In addition, the study explored how parents and children describe their families and understand the difficulties that brought them into family counselling.MethodA total of 54 families (60 adults and 15 children) from one local Relate centre completed the ‘Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation’ Scale (SCORE‐15), the ‘Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III’ (FACES‐III) and the ‘Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire’ (SDQ) before counselling. The answers to three open SCORE questions (family and problem description) were analysed with a combination of thematic and content analysis.ResultsThe quantitative results indicate moderate to high levels of distress reported by families when seeking Relate family counselling, comparable with NHS secondary service Child and Adolescent Mental Health contexts. The qualitative data show a broad range of problems at different levels (child‐related issues, family conflicts, marital break‐down and external pressure).DiscussionThe results indicate a potential mismatch between the preventative and low‐intensive focus of this kind of intervention and the levels of distress and problem severity in the help‐seeking population. Possible implications from these results for further research and therapeutic practice are explored.
Developing an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Approach to Selective Inhibition of an Extracellular Protein
Authors: Love Elizabeth A. , Sattikar Afrah , Cook Hannah , Gillen Kevin , Large Jonathan M. , Patel Seema , Matthews David , Merritt Andy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a growing class of therapeutics that harness the specificity of antibodies and the cell‐killing potency of small‐molecule drugs. Beyond cytotoxics, there are few examples of the application of an ADC approach to difficult drug discovery targets. Here, we present the initial development of a non‐internalising ADC, with a view to selectively inhibiting an extracellular protein. Employing the wellinvestigated matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) as our model, we adapted a broad‐spectrum, nonselective MMP inhibitor for conjugation and linked this to a MMP‐9‐targeting antibody. The resulting ADC fully inhibits MMP‐9, and ELISA results suggest antibody targeting can direct a nonselective inhibitor.
Enhanced Methanol Oxidation in Acid Media on Pt/S, P Co‐doped Graphene with 3D Porous Network Structure Engineering
Authors: An Meichen , Du Chunyu , Du Lei , Wang Yajing , Wang Yang , Sun Yongrong , Yin Geping , Gao Yunzhi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA sulfur and phosphorous co‐doped three‐dimensional graphene (3D‐SPG)‐supported Pt nanoparticle (Pt/3D‐SPG) catalyst with a unique 3D porous network structure was synthesized and employed as an efficient, environmentally friendly and robust catalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The unique 3D porous network structure of 3D‐SPG is in favor of uniformly supporting Pt nanoparticles with an average size of 2.09 nm as well as enhancement of the mass transport of reactants and products. Hence, the Pt/3D‐SPG catalyst shows improved stability, an electrochemical surface area over 15.5 and 30.8 % larger, and MOR performance of 1.6 and 2.2 times higher than S and P co‐doped and P‐doped graphene‐supported Pt nanoparticle (Pt/SPG and Pt/PG) catalysts, respectively. The enhanced CO tolerance of the Pt/3D‐SPG catalyst may result from the 3D porous network structure, which was not only favorable to release CO efficiently from the metallic Pt surface, but also could concentrate many more hydroxyl groups for enhancing COads oxidation. The Pt/3D‐SPG catalyst offer a unique strategy for designing and preparing 3D graphene‐based catalysts, taking into account of the advantages of doping with different heteroatoms.