bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of a vegetated bar on channel-bend flow dynamics
Authors: Bywater-Reyes Sharon , Diehl Rebecca M. , Wilcox Andrew C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Point bars influence hydraulics, morphodynamics, and channel geometry in
alluvial rivers. Woody riparian vegetation often establishes on point bars
and may cause changes in channel-bend hydraulics as a function of vegetation
density, morphology, and flow conditions. We used a two-dimensional hydraulic
model that accounts for vegetation drag to predict how channel-bend
hydraulics are affected by vegetation recruitment on a point bar in a
gravel-bed river (Bitterroot River, Montana, United States). The calibrated
model shows steep changes in flow hydraulics with vegetation compared to
bare-bar conditions for flows greater than bankfull up to a 10-year flow
(Q10), with limited additional changes thereafter. Vegetation morphology
effects on hydraulics were more pronounced for sparse vegetation compared to
dense vegetation. The main effects were (1) reduced flow velocities upstream
of the bar, (2) flow steered away from the vegetation patch with up to a
30 % increase in thalweg velocity, and (3) a shift of the high-velocity
core of flow toward the cut bank, creating a large cross-stream gradient in
streamwise velocity. These modeled results are consistent with a feedback in
channels whereby vegetation on point bars steers flow towards the opposite
bank, potentially increasing bank erosion at the mid- and downstream ends of
the bend while simultaneously increasing rates of bar accretion.
Mujer, roles de género y política de premios en el cine español (1940-1959)
Authors: Jurado Javier 
Published: June 2018

En este artículo intentamos establecer, a través del análisis fílmico y sociológico de películas premiadas por la administración franquista, algunos de los roles adscritos a las mujeres en los años más difíciles de la dictadura. Premios, subvenciones y créditos formaron parte de un sistema de producción cultural que favorecía determinados discursos y que, en comparación con el estudio de los mecanismos de censura, creemos no han recibido la atención académica necesaria. Guiones, personajes y temáticas serían afectados directamente por estos incentivos y son particularmente visibles en las tipologías de género usadas en los relatos fílmicos. De esta manera pretendemos demostrar la efectividad y persistencia de modelos y actitudes que se pueden rastrear en la actualidad y que formaron parte de las estrategias de legitimación de un determinado orden social.
Medios de comunicación como espacios alternativos para la inclusión de subjetividades de género diversas en la escuela
Authors: Galvis Sara Lorena , Obando Olga Lucía 
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la construcción de espacios alternativos para la inclusión de las subjetividades de género diversas en la escuela a través de los medios de comunicación. En un diálogo interdisciplinario se recurre a aportes postmodernos feministas y de género, y a contribuciones desde las teorías de la comunicación. Asimismo, se abordan las tendencias de interpretación del fenómeno relacional sujeto - fenómenos comunicativos mediáticos- cultura y sociedad desde posturas tecnofóbicas y tecnofílicas multidisciplinarias. El análisis se fundamenta en una serie de situaciones ocurridas en Colombia donde la propuesta de inclusión de subjetividades de género diversas en la escuela genera reacciones sociales y políticas significativas al adquirir un carácter anticonstitucional y contrario a los principios de negociados en los Acuerdos de Paz. Las propuestas identificadas en los medios de comunicación señalan posibles ambivalencias con respecto al potencial de los medios como elemento facilitador u obstaculizador de aperturas de reconocimiento y respeto a las diversidades de género. Al develar la forma como algunos medios de comunicación a través de estrategias como: la diversificación y naturalización de imaginarios de género, la implementación de una oferta de conocimiento informado y la motivación de procesos de toma de conciencia de género potencializa procesos para aproximarse a las subjetividades de género, procesos que pueden ser útiles en contextos escolares y otros contextos sociales.
Neonatal Colonization With Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Beaumont Anne-Lise , Kermorvant-Duchemin Elsa , Breurec Sébastien , Huynh Bich-Tram 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), neonatal bacterial infections are mainly caused by Enterobacterales species and Staphylococcus aureus, which are also the leading causes of mortality directly attributable to antimicrobial resistance. As bacterial colonization often precedes infection, better knowledge of colonization is crucial to prevent antibiotic-resistant neonatal sepsis.ObjectiveTo synthesize current evidence on the prevalence of and factors associated with colonization with third-generation cephalosporin–resistant Enterobacterales (3GCRE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) during the first 3 months of life in LMICs.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization Global Index Medicus were searched for articles published from January 1, 2000, through July 29, 2024.Study SelectionIncluded studies were conducted in LMICs and reported prevalence rates or factors associated with colonization with 3GCRE, CRE, or MRSA in neonates and infants up to 3 months of age. Outbreak reports were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction and risk-of-bias assessment using a Joanna Briggs Institute tool were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Pooled prevalence for each pathogen was computed using a random-effects model. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of and factors associated with 3GCRE, CRE, and MRSA colonization.ResultsOf the 3147 articles identified in the search, 67 studies (51 for 3GCRE and CRE and 16 for MRSA) including 17 152 individuals were eligible. The pooled prevalence of 3GCRE colonization was 30.2% (95% CI, 21.4%-40.7%; τ2 = 1.48; I2 = 95.1%), varying from 18.2% (95% CI, 10.8%-29.1%) in nonhospitalized individuals to 48.2% (95% CI, 36.4%-60.2%) in hospitalized individuals. The prevalence of CRE colonization was 2.6% (95% CI, 0.7%-8.8%; τ2 = 7.79; I2 = 95.6%), while it was 2.7% (95% CI, 1.0%-6.7%; τ2 = 2.58; I2 = 93.5%) for MRSA. Increased risk of colonization with 3GCRE was associated with hospital birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.33-2.64), neonatal antibiotic use (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.43-6.11), and prolonged rupture of membranes (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.19-6.84).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic-resistant pathogen carriage in individuals aged 0 to 3 months, the pooled prevalence was substantial despite a limited exposure period. Although high heterogeneity between studies limited extrapolation of results, the findings highlight the need for further investigation to identify transmission routes and to design targeted and effective preventive measures.
Virtual Mental Health Care and Suicide-Related Events
Authors: Tenso Kertu , Strombotne Kiersten , Garrido Melissa M. , Lum Jessica , Pizer Steven 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe rising suicide rates in the US emphasize the need for effective prevention. While telehealth has transformed access to mental health care, the impact of telehealth on suicide outcomes is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of virtual mental health services with individual-level suicide-related events (SREs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study using broadband access as an instrumental variable assessed a national sample of Veterans Health Administration patients who received mental health care between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Participants were recently separated (ie, discharged or released from active duty) veterans who completed their active duty service between March 1, 2019, and December 31, 2020, and who received at least 2 outpatient or inpatient diagnoses related to major depressive disorder, substance use disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder within the year before their most recent separation date. Data were analyzed May 1 to October 31, 2023.ExposurePercentage of a patient’s total mental health visits that were conducted virtually by psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers within a calendar month.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBinary measure indicating whether the patient had experienced an SRE (defined as a nonfatal suicide attempt, intentional self-harm, or suicide death) in a specific month and year as evaluated an instrumental variable probit model.ResultsThe sample included 66 387 data points from 16 236 unique recently separated veterans. Among these entries, 44 766 were for male veterans (67.4%), the mean (SD) age across the sample was 32.9 (8.9) years, and the sample was representative of the US veteran population. There were 929 SREs (1.4%). Virtual mental health visits comprised a mean (SD) of 44.6% (46.1%) of all mental health visits. In instrumental variable probit analyses accounting for factors simultaneously associated with use of virtual mental health care and SRE risk, a 1% increase in the probability of virtual mental health visits was associated with a 2.5% decrease in SREs.Conclusions and RelevanceFindings from this cohort study using a retrospective quasi-experimental design found that an increase in virtual mental health visits relative to total visits was associated with a statistically significant decrease in SREs, suggesting that providing virtual mental health services may reduce suicide-related outcomes.
Development and validation of a questionnaire on radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Moroccan dentists
Authors: Elmorabit Naoual , Obtel Majdouline , Azougagh Mohamed , Marrakchi Asmaa , Ennibi Oum Keltoum 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of dentists' radiation protection knowledge, attitudes, and practices (DRP‐KAPs) questionnaire.MethodsThis study was conducted using a stepwise approach. In the first step, items were generated to determine the relevant content and domains after a thorough literature review. In the second step, the content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by seven experts using face and content validity. The content validity index for relevance and clarity (I‐CVI, S‐CVI/Av, and S‐CVI/UA) and the content validity ratio (CVR) were performed. Then, the questionnaire was pre‐tested with 10 dentists for face validation. In the third step, reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Kuder‐Richardson‐20 (KR‐20) and Cronbach's alpha) and test–retest (Kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) methods by filling out the questionnaire by 100 dentists practicing in the Rabat‐Salé‐Kénitra region, in Morocco.ResultsThe finalized DRP‐KAPs questionnaire contains 41 items covering knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs). The I‐CVIs, S‐CVI/UA and S‐CVI/AV and CVR values of the 41 items were ≥0.86 for each item, ≥0.82, ≥0.97, and ≥0.71, respectively. With regard to internal consistency reliability, the KR‐20 coefficients for the knowledge and practice domains were 0.70 and 0.68, respectively, and the Cronbach alpha for the attitude domain was 0.73. The DRP‐KAPs questionnaire has good reliability with the ICC coefficients for attitude items ranging from 0.57 to 0.95 and Kappa coefficients for knowledge and practice items ranging from 0.64 to 1 and 0.77 to 1, respectively.ConclusionThe developed DRP‐KAPs questionnaire was found to be a noteworthy tool for assessing radiation protection among dentists, with acceptable internal consistency, good ICC and Kappa coefficients, and good content validity indices.
Medial intracranial carotid artery calcifications and hematoma expansion in deep intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Mazzacane Federico , Moraru Stefan , Del Bello Beatrice , Ferrari Federica , Ferro Erica , Persico Alessandra , Nawabi Jawed , Padovani Alessandro , Cavallini Anna , Morotti Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedial intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICAC) are associated with impaired vascular physiology, increased arterial stiffness and pulse pressure. Their presence might therefore be associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) expansion, according to the avalanche model. We explored the association between ICAC presence and pattern and hematoma expansion (HE).MethodsRetrospective analysis of a monocentric, prospectively collected cohort of ICH patients admitted between June 2017 and October 2023. ICAC pattern was determined by Kockelkoren's rating scale on admission CT; medial ICAC were defined with a >6 points cutoff. A follow‐up CT scan was performed within 72 h. HE was analyzed as a dichotomous (≥6 mL and/or ≥33%) and as a categorical (none/mild/moderate/severe) variable, and its predictors were explored with logistic and ordinal regression respectively, accounting for baseline volume, onset‐to‐CT time, and anticoagulation. All the analyses were stratified by ICH location (supratentorial deep vs lobar ICH).ResultsA total of 201 patients were included (median age 78, 42% females, 59% deep ICH). Medial ICAC were significantly more common in deep ICH with HE compared with non‐expanders (72% vs 49%, p = 0.03), whereas there was no association between ICAC and HE in lobar ICH (53% vs 52%, p = 0.85). This association between medial ICAC and HE in deep ICH remained significant in logistic (aOR 3.11, 95% CI [1.19–9.06], p = 0.03) and ordinal regression (acOR 2.42, 95% CI [1.19–4.99], p = 0.01).InterpretationIpsilateral medial ICAC are associated with higher odds of HE in deep ICH. Our findings are best interpreted as hypothesis generating, requiring prospective validation and further research to characterize the underlying biological mechanisms.
The Role of Nanoporous Adsorbents in the Circular Economy—Closing the Loop of Critical Materials Recovery
Authors: Florek Justyna , Negoro Masaki , Hu Yimu , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki , Kleitz Freddy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to the increase in the global population, industrialization, and the transition to climate neutrality through low‐emission technologies, the pressure on critical materials (CMs) continues to grow. CMs are defined as materials with a significant risk of supply chain disruption and limited substitutability. In this context, rare‐earth elements, platinum group metals, lithium, and cobalt are particularly crucial for the shift to carbon‐free economy and sustainability. One of the important strategies to endorse the goal of carbon reduction is to promote the recycling of resources. As a solution, effective recovery strategies have been developed, such as solid‐phase separation technologies based on advanced functional sorbents. This perspective article aims to provide a general assessment of the role of porous materials in closing the loop of critical materials recycling. Here, comprehensive insights are provided into recent development, design, and application of porous adsorbents commonly applied in solid‐phase extraction systems. Their current research status and problems related to their future application are also highlighted. This review covers recent advances in porous and hierarchical silica‐based materials, aerogels, covalent organic frameworks, metal–organic frameworks, and carbon‐based adsorbents.
Integrated‐Channel Porous Transport Layers Reduce Ohmic and Mass Transport Losses in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers
Authors: Tugirumubano Alexandre , Seip Tess , Zhu Lijun , Ham Chaeyoung Tina , Farsi Aida , Bazylak Aimy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, clean energy storage solutions such as hydrogen produced via polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) are critically required. However, the porous transport layer (PTL) in current PEMWE systems lacks optimization of through‐plane and in‐plane transport properties. In this work, a PTL design with integrated channels (IC‐PTL) to improve the PTL/flow channel interface and provide additional pathways for in‐plane flow is proposed. As current density increases, the IC‐PTL reduces mass transport overpotentials by up to 71.4% compared to the baseline PTL (B‐PTL) assembly due to shorter mass transport pathways. Moreover, the IC‐PTL lowers ohmic overpotentials at high current densities by up to 42.8% due to improved interfacial contact and enhanced membrane hydration. Membrane hydration is further quantified via X‐ray synchrotron radiography analysis of changes in membrane thickness and X‐ray transmission through the membrane, revealing that the IC‐PTL assembly displays a consistently thicker membrane and recovers from thinning faster than the B‐PTL assembly. Furthermore, membrane hydration is impacted more at the catalyst layer interfaces than in the center of the membrane. As such, the addition of in‐plane transport pathways to next‐generation PTL designs to improve membrane hydration and mass transport is recommended.
Ambient Sunlight Driven Photothermal Green Syngas Production at 100 m3 Scale by the Dynamic Structural Reconstruction of Iron Oxides with 38.7% Efficiency
Authors: Wu Qixuan , Wang Jialin , Yuan Dachao , Wang Yachuan , Li Yaguang , Guo Yunna , Zhang Zhibo , San Xingyuan , Zhang Liqiang , Ye Jinhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmbient sunlight‐driven photothermal green syngas production via reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction is important for carbon neutrality, which lacks efficient and inexpensive catalysts at low temperatures. This studydemonstrates that the scalable Fe3O4 supported with K atoms modified Ag nanoparticles (AgK/Fe3O4) exhibits a RWGS CO production rate of 1089 mmol g−1 h−1 at 300 °C and 100% CO selectivity through dynamic structural reconstruction, surpassing all reported platinum‐based catalysts. In situ characterization and theoretical simulation indicate that the AgK nanoparticles activate H2 to reduce Fe3O4 as metallic Fe. Subsequently, the metallic Fe spontaneously reacts with CO2 to form CO and Fe3O4, thereby facilitating low‐temperature RWGS. Owing to its superior low‐temperature performance, AgK/Fe3O4 equipped with a homemade photothermal device achieves one sun‐driven photothermal RWGS with a CO production rate of 1925 mmol g−1 h−1 and a 38.7% solar to enthalpy energy conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the enlarged outdoor demonstration yields 100.6 m3day−1 of green syngas with an H2/CO ratio of 3. This work paves the way for designing efficient platinum‐free CO2 hydrogenation catalysts and introduces a new approach for sunlight‐driven scalable green syngas production.
S‐Scheme Heterojunction Engineering of CdS/Bi2WO6 in Breakthrough Piezocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction and Hydrogen Evolution: Performance, Mechanism, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Ning Xueer , Hao Aize , Qiu Xiaojuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, a novel bismuth tungstate and cadmium sulfide (CdS/Bi2WO6）step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction piezocatalyst for the first time is developed. The exceptional piezocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction activity (1.37 mmol L−1 g−1 h−1) is delivered, which is significantly higher compared to pure CdS (0.06 mmol L−1 g−1 h−1) and bare Bi2WO6 (0.45 mmol L−1 g−1 h−1), showing an almost 23‐fold and 3‐fold increase, respectively. This performance greatly exceeds previously reported piezocatalysts and piezo‐photocatalysts. Meanwhile, this catalyst also holds outstanding piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction rate of 1.02 mmol g−1 h−1. Relevant experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations results demonstrate that the excellent catalytic capacity of CdS/Bi2WO6 is mainly ascribed to the construction of S‐scheme heterojunction, which greatly promotes piezoelectric performance, enhances the segregating efficiency of charge carriers and redox capacity, regulates electronic structure, optimizes the reaction dynamics processes and reduces the reactions barrier, and induces more active sites. Furthermore, a new piezocatalytic mechanism for the CdS/Bi2WO6 S‐scheme heterojunction is proposed. This research extends the applications of S‐scheme heterojunctions in sustainable energy piezocatalysis and offers insights for designing efficient piezocatalytic systems.
Metalloid Phosphorus Induces Tunable Defect Engineering in High Entropy Oxide Toward Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Yao , Kang Qiaoling , Dong Fengfeng , Su Mengfei , Wang Rui , Yan Lijing , Meng Xianhe , Ma Tingli , Fan Meiqiang , Gao Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe inferior electrical conductivity and sluggish lithium storage kinetics of conventional high‐entropy oxide (HEO) are critical issues hindering their commercialization. The high electronegativity of metalloids can ameliorate this predicament by altering the electronic configuration of HEO compared to metals. Herein, metalloid phosphorus doping in spinel‐type HEO (PxA1‐x)B2O4 (A/B = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) (P‐HEO) is achieved through a facile sol–gel process. The metalloid phosphorus doping facilitates the transfer of electrons from transition metal sites to phosphorus‐doped sites, resulting in the formation of electron‐rich and electron‐deficient local regions on the HEO surface and is conducive to an increase in the total number of active lithium sites in the electrochemical reaction process. Density functional theory calculation reveals Li adsorption energy on the synthesized P‐HEO is only −1.102 eV, demonstrating that the phosphorus doping enables a strong electronic coupling between lithium ions and P‐HEO. Furthermore, metalloid phosphorus doping also leads to oxygen vacancies formation and lattice distortion, which significantly enhances charge transfer efficiency and diffusion kinetics and results in the enhanced lithium storage performance with impressive rate capability and long‐term stability. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of lattice‐engineered HEO as versatile electrodes for future energy storage applications.
Emerging Anomalous Hall Effect in (111)‐Oriented Artificial Iridate Honeycomb Lattices
Authors: Hu Shilin , Liu Meilin , Xiao Wen , Yang Zhan , Liu Junhua , Hong Yuhao , Deng Zhixiong , Gao Xiaofei , Shen Ziyue , Wang Lei , Yao Runze , Zhang Qinghua , Gan Yulin , Chen Kai , Liao Zhaoliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractComplex Ir oxides provide a promising platform for investigating cooperativity and competition between Mott physics and spin‐orbit coupling in condensed matter physics. These materials have the potential to reveal intriguing phases, such as topological phases and the Kitaev spin liquid state, an exactly solvable S = 1/2 spin model describing Ir4+ ions on a 2D honeycomb lattice. However, experimental confirmation of such phases in iridate films has been hindered by the difficulty of preparing (111)‐oriented samples of the perovskite phase. Herein, by constructing SrIrO3/SrTiO3 superlattices on SrTiO3 (111) substrates, (111)‐oriented perovskite phase SrIrO3 films are achieved with the unprecedentedly large thickness of 6 unit cells. Electrical and magnetic characterizations reveal that these films exhibit anomalous Hall insulating behavior, significant charge fluctuations, and long‐range antiferromagnetic order. Moreover, these properties can be tuned by varying the thickness of the SrIrO₃ layer. These emergent phenomena underscore the complex interactions among spin‐orbit coupling, electron–electron correlations, and crystal structure in (111)‐oriented artificial iridate honeycomb lattices. Further, spin fractionalization and topological quantum spin liquid may be achieved by tuning the spin–orbit coupling and crystal field intensity from interface engineering.