bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel topical phytotherapy for normalization of aberrant leg-anatomical and biochemical risks in failed spine surgery associated with knee-osteoarthritis: A unique case study
Authors: Ganguly Apurba 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to normalize the aberrant leg-anatomical and biochemical parameters, to relieve pain syndromes and to improve quality of life without revision of failed spine surgery (FSS) and surgical intervention of coexisted knee-osteoarthritis (KOA) correlated with radiological images by specialized topical phytotherapy.
Methods: A 45year-old gentleman was advice to undergo revision of FSS and surgical intervention for KOA. He refused to do the further surgeries and treated in OPTM Health Care during January-February 2018. Anatomical measurements included bilateral: the gap at the knee joint between the short head of the biceps femoris and the level of the bed in supine, diameters of muscles at the thigh, the calf, 4cm above and below the patella, angles of straight leg raising, knee flexion and extension in supine, and biomarkers (Interleukin-10, Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, Creatine kinase-muscle and Aldolase-A) were measured pre- and post-treatment using appropriate protocols. The patient was treated for 12-week with phytoextracts of established seven medicinal plants.
Results: The percentages of improvements for all the above-mentioned abnormal leg-anatomical and biochemical parameters were observed at post-treatment: 63.81, 2.28, 0.81, 5.22, 0.82, 160.00,73.75 and 50.00 respectively for right leg and 69.60, 5.79, 2.79, 9.93, 0.82, 290.00, 85.33 and 54.55 for left leg in case of leg-anatomical features and 87.72, 66.39, 77.27, 22.77 and 48.41 respectively for biomarkers and that for international acclaimed pain parameters under VAS, WOMAC, ODI, LEFS, KPS and BMI were highlighted in the earlier study and the same under KOOS were recorded as pain(86.11), symptoms(89.29), ADL(79.42), Sport & Recreation(75.00) and QOL(68.75) with improved radiological images both lumbar and knee-joints as assessed by KL-grading scales(≥2).
Conclusion: Results showed the deranged leg-anatomical and biochemical risks, together-with impaired international pain parameters during FSS associated with KOA can be normalized by specialized topical phytotherapeutic treatment within 12-week.
Moderate incidence of lost follow-up and risk factors among adult HIV patients on second-line ART regimens in Amhara region hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed , Abdi Saed , Palani S , Joseph Nisha Mary 
Published: February 2019

Background and Objectives: Loss to follow-up is a common problem of most patients on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Second-line antiretroviral therapy is the drug that would be used when the first-line therapy fails. Thus this study intends to determine the incidence and risk factors of time to losses to follow up among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients on second line regimens of Antiretroviral Therapy(ART) in Amhara region Hospitals, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Amhara region hospitals from February to March 2016. A total of 1246 patient from eight hospitals in Amhara region were selected using simple random sampling method and data were extracted from patient charts. The log rank test was used to assess presence of significant difference in time to losses to follow among levels of categorical variables. Both bi-variiable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors that affect the time to losses to follow up.
Results: The cumulative incidence of loss to follow up was 5.41% over the entire (eight) years of follow-up. The cumulative incidence rates of death and transfer out were 10.99%,10.02 %, respectively. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, ambulatory functional status (AHR=0.1967, 95% CI: 0.049- 0 .794), male gender (AHR=2.135, 95% CI: 1.053- 4.330), adherence to ART (AHR=0.442, 95% CI: 0.198- 0.989) were significant predictors of time to losses to follow up. The use of 2a, 2e and 2g types of second line regimen reduced the risk of loss to follow up.
Interpretations and Conclusions: The incidence of loss to follow up in Amhara region hospitals was low. Loss to folow up was negatively associated with female gender, ambulatory baseline functional status, adherence, & types of second line regimen types. Further research on the effect of types of drug is recommended by acertaining whether the reduction in loss to follow up for patients who took drug types of 2a, 2e, and 2g is associaed with improved or worsened health outcomes by trafcking lost patients closely.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an overview
Authors: Jahnavi Kasturi , Pavani Reddy Palla , Vasudha Bakshi , Narender Boggula 
Published: February 2019

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including both traditional non-selective NSAIDs and the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. NSAIDs are a necessary choice in pain management because of the integrated role of the COX path way in the generation of inflammation and in the biochemical recognition of pain. NSAIDs are the competitive inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX), the enzyme which mediates the bioconversion of arachidonic acid to inflammatory prostaglandins (PGs). Their use is associated with the side effects such as gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. They are the most commonly employed first line drugs for all these conditions and many others-like musculoskeletal trauma, minor aches and pains, and dysmenorrhoea. The therapeutic anti-inflammatory action of NSAIDs is produced by the inhibition of COX-2, while the undesired side effects arise from inhibition of COX-1 activity. Thus, it was though those more selective COX-2 inhibitors would have reduced side effects. Based upon a number of selective COX-2 inhibitors (Rofecoxib, Celecoxib etc.) were developed as safer NSAIDs with improved gastric safety profile. Several newer applications like prophylaxis of stroke with aspirin are now common place. Use of these drugs for the prophylaxis of conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and colorectal cancer is being evaluated. Unfortunately, they have several toxicities ranging from minor heartburn to severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage and perforation. Therefore, newer NSAIDs have been introduced in recent years to circumvent this problem. In preliminary studies, these have shown better safety, efficacy, and tolerability but the full spectrum of adverse reactions of these drugs is yet to be fully known. This review can be used for further research as well as clinical purpose.
Keywords: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cyclooxygenase inhibitors, prostaglandins, aspirin.
Spectrophotometric analysis of tablets of nalidixic acid using melted niacinamide as solvent
Authors: Maheshwari R.K. , Apte Apeksha , Agrawal Om Prakash 
Published: February 2019

In the current attempt of research, novel method for spectrophotometric estimation of nalidixic acid in tablets using melted niacinamide as solvent was developed. The main objective behind research is to show “SOLIDS ALSO POSSESS SOLUBILIZING POWER”. The current study deals with novel spectrophotometric analytical technique for quantitative estimation of nalidixic acid in tablets using melted niacinamide as solvent. According to the theory proposed by Maheshwari, each & every substance possesses solubilising power; substance may be a gas, solid or liquid. Niacinamide imbibes large solubilizing power to nalidixic acid and having approximate solubility more than 80 mg per gm of melted niacinamide (135°C) whereas aqueous solubility of nalidixic acid is 0.21mg/ml at room temperature. Calibration curve of nalidixic acid was plotted by recording the absorbances of standard solutions of drug. The absorbances were observed at 330 nm against respective reagent blanks. The percentage label claims were found very close to 100 (100.93± 1.303 and 99.08±1.764) indicating accuracy of the proposed method. Percentage recoveries estimated by the proposed method are close to 100 (99.91±1.303 and 101.74±1.663) with significant low values of percentage deviation and standard error. Thus, it may be concluded that proposed method is simple, safe and precise and excludes use of toxic organic solvents.
Keywords: Mixed Solvency, Solubilizing Power, Spectrophotometric Analysis, Niacinamide, Nalidixic Acid.
Carbamazepine Induced Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Naga Subrahmanyam S , Vijaya Lakshmi D. Tagoore , Naga Raju G.V. , Pavan Kumar G.V. 
Published: February 2019

Stabilizes inactivated state of sodium channels, thereby making neurons less excitable may reduce activity of nucleus ventralis of the thalamus or decrease synaptic transmission or summation of temporal stimulation leading to neuronal discharge.A adult of 68 years old patient came to dermatology department with chief complaints of neuralgia over scalp to relieve the symptoms physician prescribed carbamazepine 200mg Po OD. During his 2ndweek of treatment patient developed pain,fever,sore throat followed by skin rash.Better vigilance is necessary for implementation of safe and effective treatment for each individual patient.in order to prevent serious adverse drug reactions of this drug,close monitoring drug treatment course, creating awareness, recognition of the problem and careful management of all the patients who receive medication are essential,because use of carbamazepine causes thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, anemia, pruritic and erythematous rashes, urticaria, photosensitivity reactions, alterations in skin pigmentation, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme and nodosum, purpura, aggravation of disseminated lupus erythematosus,Abnormalities in liver function tests, cholestatic and hepatocellular jaundice, hepatitis; very rare cases of hepatic failure, Pancreatitis ,Pulmonary hypersensitivity characterized by fever, dyspnea, pneumonitis, or pneumonia
Keywords: Carbamazepine, Induced Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, adverse drug reaction.
Traditional remedial plants utilized in the Paliyar’s tribe handling of different skin diseases from Sadhuragiri hills, Tamil Nadu, india
Authors: Aadhan Kamatchi , Anand SubramaniamParvathi 
Published: February 2019

An ethnobotanical exploration, an attempt has been made to survey the indigenous knowledge on herbal medicines used as a therapy for skin disorders by the Paliyar tribes of Sadhuragiri hills. The purpose of this study is to assess traditional knowledge on medicinal plants which forms a baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies, to identify the vital species used for skin medicine, finding out methods for various preparations, and calculate the % informants in relation to medicinal plant use. In this study frequent field trips were made for the collection of plant specimens and information on medicinal aspects from traditional healers and women folk through questionnaire and interviews. The information of herbal preparation, parts used, mode of administration and local name was also taken during the study period. The present study has resulted in the documentation of 50 medicinal plant species belonging to 26 families and 41 genera used by the Paliyar for treatment of different skin ailments, viz. Scabies, Skin allergy, eczema, Wound swelling, Ring worm, itches, Heal crack, Burn wounds, Poison bite infection. The findings of present study shows documentation of 20 plant species which are found little known or less reported in available published literature. The Paliyar tribe lives interiorly in the forest localities and Government is making policies to rehabilitate them outside of forest areas, it is necessary to tap their rich heritable traditional knowledge on medicinal plants within time before it become vanished due to modernization. A inclusive detailed search and report on the pattern of utilization of medicinal plants by this tribe has not evidenced in the earlier publications. Therefore, present attempt has been made to document traditional knowledge of Paliyar tribe used to treat different skin disorders by production various herbal preparations.
Keywords: Paliyar tribe, Herbal medicines, Skin disorders, Indigenous knowledge, Sadhuragiri hills.
Concise review: Therapeutic potential of flupirtine maleate
Authors: Yadav Nisha Kumari , Shukla Tripti , Upmanyu Neeraj , Pandey Sharad Prakash , Khan Mohammad Azaz , Jain Deepak Kumar 
Published: February 2019

Flupirtine is a non-opioid analgesic without antipyretic or antiphlogistic properties. Flupirtine is a centrally acting analgesic but the analgesic action of flupirtine does not depend on any central opioid effect. The fact behind this statement is that the pain-relieving property of flupirtine is not reduced by the opioid antagonistic drug naloxone. Flupirtine has been reported for its neuro-protective properties and possess a selective neuronal potassium channel opener that also has NMDA receptor antagonist properties. Flupertine is transformed into two primary derivatives, 4-fluoro-hippuric acid and the Nacetylated analogue D13223. Both derivatives of are flupirtine pharmacologically active with 30% of the analgesic potency of the parent drug and further oxidized and then conjugated with glycine to form inactive metabolites, Recently, Flupirtine maleate has been introduced in Indian market in oral, intravenous and rectal dosage forms. The half life of flupirtine following intravenous administration was 1.8 hours, while the plasma elimination half life in healthy young volunteers following single dose administration of flupirtine by the intravenous, oral and rectal routes was 8.5, 9.6 and 10.7 hours respectively. There is plenty of literature available on the effect of Flupirtine maleate on chronic and acute pain management. These preliminary finding require confirmation in further comparative studies.
Keywords: Flupirtine maleate, Naloxone, Opioid, NMDA
Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation for estimation of efavirenz by Quality by Design approach
Authors: Waghmare Santosh A , Kashid Arun M 
Published: February 2019

Quality by design (QbD) refers to the achievement of certain predictable quality with desired and predetermined specifications. A very useful component of the QbD is the understanding of factors and their interaction effects by a desired set of experiments by using software (design expert 8). The present study describes the development of a comprehensive science and risk based HPLC method which is given by design expert 8 and subsequent validation for the analysis of Efavirenz active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using a quality by design approach. An efficient experimental design based on systematic scouting of all four key components of the RP‐HPLC method (column, pH, mobile phase and flow rate) is presented. The described method was linear. R2=0.9998. The precision, ruggedness and robustness values were also within the prescribed limits (<1% for system precision and <2% for other parameters). Chromatographic peak purity results indicated the absence of co‐eluting peaks with the main peak of Efavirenz. The proposed method can be used for routine analysis of Efavirenz in quality control laboratories.
Keywords: Quality by design, HPLC, Efavirenz, design expert 8.
A review on Indole and Benzothiazole derivatives its importance
Authors: Sulthana Shaheen , Pandian P. 
Published: February 2019

In recent years heterocyclic compounds analogues and derivatives have attracted wide attention due to their useful biological and pharmacological properties. Indole, Benzothiazole and its analogs are versatile substrates, which can be used for the synthesis of numerous heterocyclic compounds. Indole, Benzothiazole and its derivatives are used in organic synthesis and they are used in evaluating new product that possesses different biological activities. Hence, their extensive structural modification has result in different analogues of Indole and Benzothiazole derivatives depicting wide range of biological and pharmacological activities such as antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and anticancer. This review article literature survey summarizes the synthesis and pharmacological activities of Indole, Benzothiazole and its derivatives.
Keywords: Indole, Benzothiazole, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and anticancer
Pharmacognostical standardization and preliminary phytochemical explorations on Salvia hispanica L. seeds
Authors: Singh Sumitra , Sehrawat Akash 
Published: February 2019

Salvia hispanica L. famous as ‘chia’ is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to family Labiatae, is a richest source of alpha linolenic fatty acid. A detailed examination on chia seeds was performed. The microscopic investigationsshowed the presence of lignified fibres, epidermis cells, aleurone grains, fatty oil globules and lignified sclerides etc. Physicochemical assessment of chia seeds revealed foreign organic matter (0.76%), loss on drying (8.09%), pH (4.39), moisture content (8.96%), swelling index (8.36), foaming index (<100), total ash (7.09%), water soluble ash (1.09%), acid insoluble ash (0.48%), sulphated ash (0.94%),relative density (0.892), refractive index (1.462), acid value (1.862), saponification value (194.29), peroxide value (4.680), acetyl value (169.28) and iodine value (74.62). Elemental analysis was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy various heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cd) and other elements (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg) all were within limits. Chia seeds crude material as well as its extract showed no microbial contamination. High performance thin layer chromatographyfingerprinting profile of chia seeds fixed oil showed the presence of alpha linolenic acid. Work on standardization assumes imperative consequence. However,wide-ranging literature survey on this plant revealed that, more research work is required to update the standardization parameters. Therefore, findings of this study will facilitate quality control and presence of the various phytoconstituents in plant seed.
Keywords: Salvia hispanica, Standardization, Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical, HPTLC fingerprints.
Study of Front Wheel Pressure on the Soil of Tractors with a Different Wheel Configuration
Authors: Akhmetov A. A. , Akhmedov Sh. A.U. 
Published: February 2019

An increase in the power of the high-clearance tractor with the 3K2 wheel configuration (TTZ-811) and the weight of the machines coupled with it has led to an increase in the pressure of its running elements on the soil. The authors have proposed to replace it with a tractor with the 4K2 wheel configuration with an adjustable ground clearance (TTZ-1033), which has several advantages.Research purposeThe study of the effect of the wheel configuration, travel speed and air pressure in the tire on the tractor's front wheel pressure on the soil.Materials and methodsThe authors have analytically determined the relationship between the contact area of a wheel tire with the soil on the tire parameters and the internal air pressure in it. To take measurements, load TAS607 sensors like with specially made nozzles have been used.Results and discussionIt has been found that under similar conditions, the average pressure on the soil in the layer of 10-50 centimeters across the width of the front wheel tire of TTZ-811 is 19.0-27.6 kilopascals more as compared to TTZ-1033. It has been found that an increase in air pressure in the tire from 1.2 to 2.2 megapascals results in a n increase in average front wheel pressure on the soil in the seed layer (0-10 centimeters) of the TTZ-1033 tractor from 61.9 to 70.8 kilopascals, and of the TTZ-811 tractor – from 63.5 to 79.3 kilopascals. It has been revealed that at a depth of 10 centimeters, the pressure of the front wheel of the TTZ‑1033 tractor averaged 84.9-108.2 kilopascals, and at a depth of 50 centimeters – only 12.2-12.8 kilopascals. Under the same conditions, the average pressure` of the TTZ-811 tractor's front wheel decreases from 78.0-113.3 to 15.3-52.8 kilopascals.ConclusionsThe authors have stated that soil compaction with the front wheels of a tractor can be reduced by replacing a tractor with a 3K2 wheel configuration with a tractor with a 4K2 wheel configuration, as well as by increasing the tractor speed.
Intra-Industry Competitiveness of the European Union Member States by Industry in 2004–2015
Authors: Polan Wojciech 
Published: February 2019

The article aims to present the results of research into changes in the international competitive position of the European Union Member States in the period 2004–2015 on the basis of analysing the development of particular types of intra-industry trade (IIT) of manufactured goods.
The investigation was based on the IIT share measurement methodology (Grubel, Lloyd 1975) and calculations of types of intra-industry trade (Greenaway, Hine, Milner 1994, 1995). Multilateral IIT indices were computed at the 6-digit CN code level on the basis of data published by Eurostat.
As part of a larger research project funded by the National Science Centre, this analysis contributes to the assessment of the degree of intra-industry specialisation of the EU Member States and the resulting changes in the international competitive position of the economies covered.
BURDEN, ACCESS, AND DISPARITIES IN KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Crews Deidra C. , Bello Aminu K. , Saadi Gamal 
Published: February 2019

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been documented for decades, yet little progress has been made in mitigating them. Several recent studies offer new insights into the root causes of these disparities, point to areas where future research is warranted and identify opportunities for changes in policy and clinical practice. Recently published evidence suggests that geographic disparities in CKD prevalence exist and vary by race. CKD progression is more rapid for racial/ethnic minority groups as compared to whites and may be largely, but not completely, explained by genetic factors. Stark socioeconomic disparities in outcomes for dialysis patients exist, and vary by race, place of residence and treatment facility. Disparities in access to living kidney donation may be driven primarily by the socioeconomic status of the donor as opposed to recipient factors. Recent studies highlight opportunities to eliminate disparities in CKD, including efforts to direct resources to areas and populations where disparities are most prevalent, efforts to understand how to best use emerging information on the contribution of genetic factors to disparities, and continued work to identify modifiable environmental, social, and behavioral factors for targeted interventions among high-risk populations.