bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relatedness, parentage, and philopatry within a Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) maternity colony
Authors: Scott David Daniel , Boston Emma S. M. , Lundy Mathieu G. , Buckley Daniel J. , Gager Yann , Chaplain Callum J. , Teeling Emma C. , Ian Montgomery William , Prodöhl Paulo A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiven their cryptic behaviour, it is often difficult to establish kinship within microchiropteran maternity colonies. This limits understanding of group formation within this highly social group. Following a concerted effort to comprehensively sample a Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) maternity colony over two consecutive summers, we employed microsatellite DNA profiling to examine genetic relatedness among individuals. Resulting data were used to ascertain female kinship, parentage, mating strategies, and philopatry. Overall, despite evidence of female philopatry, relatedness was low both for adult females and juveniles of both sexes. The majority of individuals within the colony were found to be unrelated or distantly related. However, parentage analysis indicates the existence of a number of maternal lineages (e.g., grandmother, mother, or daughter). There was no evidence suggesting that males born within the colony are mating with females of the same colony. Thus, in this species, males appear to be the dispersive sex. In the Natterer's bat, colony formation is likely to be based on the benefits of group living, rather than kin selection.
Electrospun polyporous VN nanofibers for symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Li Jing , Su Zhen , Hu Sanyuan , Li Heping , Yan Youwei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To promote the energy density of symmetric all-solid-state supercapacitors (SCs), efforts have been dedicated to searching for high-performance electrode materials recently. In this paper, vanadium nitride (VN) nanofibers with mesoporous structure have been fabricated by a facile electrospinning method. Their crystal structures and morphology features were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mesoporous structure of VN nanofibers, which can provide short electrolyte diffusion routes and conducting electron transport pathways, is beneficial to their performance as a supercapacitor electrode. Under a stable electrochemical window of 1.0 V, VN nanofibers possess an excellent mass specific capacitance of 110.8 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Moreover, the VN nanofibers were further assembled into symmetric all-solid-state SCs, achieving a high energy density of 0.89 mW·h/cm3 and a high power density of 0.016 W/cm3 over an operating potential range from 0 to 1.0 V. These results demonstrate that VN nanofibers could be potentially used for energy storage devices.
Temperature dependent conductivity of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics induced by Sr dopants
Authors: Wang Lin , Gui Mengqi , Jin Hai-Bo , Hu Xinyuan , Zhao Yongjie , Adnan Naseer Muhammad , Li Jing-Bo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Bi4Ti3O12 is an important lead-free ferroelectric material. Doping modification of Bi4Ti3O12 has attracted great attention to improving its performances. In this work, the effect of Sr dopants on the microstructure, dielectric, and conductivity of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramic was investigated by XRD, SEM, and AC impedance spectroscopy. Substitution of 1 at% Sr for Bi decreased the grain size, suppressed the dielectric dispersion of Bi4Ti3O12 ceramic at room temperature, and resulted in different effects on the conductivity of grains and grain boundaries. The conductivity of grains in Bi4Ti3O12 ceramic was increased by the small amount of Sr dopants in the whole experimental temperature range. While the grain boundaries of 1 at% Sr-doped Bi4Ti3O12 exhibited lower conductivity than pure Bi4Ti3O12 below ~380 °C and higher conductivity above ~380 °C. The experimental phenomena were interpreted in term of compensating defects for Sr dopants.
Air pollutants and primary allergy prevention
Authors: Heinrich Joachim 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in outdoor air have long been suspected of causing the development of asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, a variety of systematic reviews have reached different conclusions in the last 15 years on whether these air pollutants do in actual fact play a causal role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.

Methods
Based on published systematic reviews and the most recent publications, the current state of knowledge on epidemiological evidence is presented and the potential for primary prevention of these allergic diseases by reducing or avoiding exposure to these air pollutants evaluated.

Results
Despite conducting an extensive literature search, analyzing the most recent results, and focusing on the birth cohort studies most relevant to the question in hand, epidemiological results do not adequately support the concept of a causal relationship between the two air pollutants in question, PM2.5 and NO2, and asthma. Epidemiological studies predominantly show no effect of these air pollutants on allergic sensitization and the onset of allergic rhinitis. The small number of studies that have investigated the link between air pollutants and eczema largely revealed there to be no link.

Conclusion
If the evidence for the causal role of air pollutants in the onset of allergies is inconclusive, one must assume that it is probably not possible to achieve primary prevention of allergies by improving air quality. However, there is sufficient evidence to show that air pollutants can trigger exacerbations of allergic diseases. This alone justifies ensuring that the existing threshold values for air pollutants are adhered to, in order to protect particularly allergy sufferers from health impairments.
When Things Get Personal: How Informal and Personalized Politics Produce Regime Stability in Small States
Authors: Veenendaal Wouter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe personalization of politics, the decline of political parties and the weakening of political institutions in large democracies are considered to produce instability and to undermine democratic governance. Yet despite having extremely informal and personalized systems with non-ideological parties, small states around the world maintain significantly higher levels of democracy and regime stability than large ones. This article addresses this paradox by offering a systematic literature review of 167 case study publications on personalization and informal politics in 46 small states. The analysis reveals that personalized relations between political elites translate into either fragmentation or power concentration, while pervasive patron–client linkages structure the interaction between citizens and politicians. Despite the obvious downsides of these dynamics for democratic governance, the small state system is functional in the sense that it fulfils the needs of both citizens and politicians, which explains why small states have succeeded in maintaining their political stability.
Controlling factors and the paleoenvironmental significance of chemical elements in Holocene calcareous root tubes in the Alashan Desert, Northwest China
Authors: Gao Youhong , Li Zhuolun , Wang Nai’ang , Li Ruolan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the hinterland of the desert, valuable archives of paleoenvironmental evolution are scarce. Calcareous root tubes (CRTs) have a strong potential for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions. It is still unclear, however, whether chemical elements in the CRTs can provide insights into paleoenvironmental conditions. In this study, the major- and trace-element composition of 32 CRT samples from the Alashan Desert were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results showed that the elemental composition and content change were controlled by the parent material and climatic conditions at the time of CRT formation. Ca, Mg, and Sr were significantly affected by climate, whereas the enrichment of P is likely related to the growth of plants. Higher (lower) Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios corresponded to higher (lower) effective moisture and a higher (lower) Mg/Sr ratio indicated a higher (lower) temperature during the middle Holocene (8–5 cal ka BP). The reconstruction results for effective moisture were consistent with those in the Asian monsoon margin of northwestern China, which were caused by higher monsoon precipitation and lower evaporation. Therefore, chemical elements in the CRTs can reflect changes in paleo-effective moisture and paleotemperature at a millennial resolution in this area.
Population genetic structure and putative migration pathway ofSogatella furcifera(Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae) in Asia
Authors: Nam H. Y. , Kim K. S. , Lee J.-H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe white-backed planthopper,Sogatella furcifera(Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), has emerged as a serious rice pest in Asia. In the present study, 12 microsatellite markers were employed to investigate the genetic structure, diversity and migration route of 43 populations sampled from seven Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam). According to the isolation by distance analysis, a significant positive correlation was observed between genetic and geographic distances by the Mantel test (r2= 0.4585,P= 0.01), indicating the role of geographic isolation in the genetic structure ofS. furcifera. A population assignment test using the first-generation migrants detection method (thresholdsa= 0.01) revealed southern China and northern Vietnam as the main sources ofS. furciferain Korea. Nepal and Bangladesh might be additional potential sources via interconnection with Vietnam populations. This paper provides useful data for the migration route and origin ofS. furciferain Korea and will contribute to planthopper resistance management.
Experimental combination therapy using low doses of benznidazole and allopurinol in mouse models ofTrypanosoma cruzichronic infection
Authors: Rial Marcela Silvina , Scalise María Luján , López Alarcón Micaela , Esteva Mónica Inés , Búa Jacqueline , Benatar Alejandro Francisco , Prado Nilda Graciela , Riarte Adelina Rosa , Fichera Laura Edith 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of low doses of benznidazole (BNZ) on continuous administration (BNZc), combined with allopurinol (ALO), in C57BL/6J and C3H/HeN mice infected withTrypanosoma cruziNicaragua strain andT. cruziSylvio-X10/4 clone.TcN-C57BL/6J was also treated with intermittent doses of BNZ (BNZit). The drug therapy started 3 months post infection (pi) in the chronic phase of mice with heart disease progression, followed-up at 6 months pi.TcN-C57BL/6J treated with BNZc was also monitored up to 12 months pi by serology and electrocardiogram. These mice showed severe electrical abnormalities, which were not observed after BNZc or BNZit. ALO only showed positive interaction with the lowest dose of BNZ. A clear parasitic effect, with significant reductions in antibody titres and parasitic loads, was achieved in all models with low doses of BNZ, and a 25% reduction of the conventional dose showed more efficacy to inhibit the development of the pathology. However, BNZ 75 showed partial efficacy in theTcSylvio-X10/4-C3H/HeN model. In our experimental designs, C57BL/6J allowed to clearly define a chronic phase, and through reproducible efficacy indicators, it can be considered a good preclinical model.
Clinical, personality, and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in borderline personality disorder: a family study
Authors: Ruocco Anthony C. , Daros Alexander R. , Chang Jie , Rodrigo Achala H. , Lam Jaeger , Ledochowski Justine , McMain Shelley F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by a heterogeneous clinical phenotype that emerges from interactions among genetic, biological, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial factors. In the present family study, we evaluated the familial aggregation of key clinical, personality, and neurodevelopmental phenotypes in probands with BPD (n = 103), first-degree biological relatives (n = 74; 43% without a history of psychiatric disorder), and non-psychiatric controls (n = 99).MethodsParticipants were assessed on DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses, symptom dimensions of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity, ‘big five’ personality traits, and neurodevelopmental characteristics, as part of a larger family study on neurocognitive, biological, and genetic markers in BPD.ResultsThe most common psychiatric diagnoses in probands and relatives were major depression, substance use disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and avoidant personality disorder. There was evidence of familial aggregation for specific dimensions of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation, and the big five traits neuroticism and conscientiousness. Both probands and relatives reported an elevated neurodevelopmental history of attentional and behavioral difficulties.ConclusionsThese results support the validity of negative affectivity- and impulse-spectrum phenotypes associated with BPD and its familial risk. Further research is needed to investigate the aggregation of neurocognitive, neural and genetic factors in families with BPD and their associations with core phenotypes underlying the disorder.
A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840: Corrections and Additions to the Third Edition (Yale University Press 1995)
Authors: Colvin Howard 
Published: October 2018

This is the fifth list of corrections and additions to the third edition of my Dictionary. For the first time a section of ‘Additional Biographies’ has been included to provide details of some further architects active during the period 1600–1840, of whose careers enough can be reconstructed to justify giving them a place. The remaining sections are as usual lists of bare facts to be added, subtracted or amended.Attention should be drawn to the Biographical Dictionary of Architects at Reading by Sidney M. Gold, privately published at Reading, 1999, and to the Dictionary of Land Surveyors and Local Map-Makers of Great Britain and Ireland 1530–1850 by Sarah Bendall, published by the British Library, 1997.
‘Imperial Monumental Halls and Tower’: Westminster Abbey and the Commemoration of Empire, 1854–1904
Authors: Bremner G. Alex 
Published: October 2018

Among the many remarkable changes of the last generation, none is more remarkable than the change in the political ideas uppermost in the minds of men… Today the words ‘Empire’ and ‘Imperialism’ fill the place in everyday speech that was once filled by ‘Nation’ and ‘Nationality’. In the never-ending struggle of political principles, authority rather than liberty seems for the moment to have the upper hand; power and dominion rather than freedom and independence are the ideas that appeal to the imagination of the masses; … the national ideal has given place to the Imperial.In March 1904 John Pollard Seddon (1827–1906) and Edward Beckitt Lamb (1857–1932) published an extraordinary scheme entitled ‘Imperial Monumental Halls and Tower at Westminster’. Though never built, it was among the grandest and most visionary proposals London had ever seen and, next to Giles Gilbert Scott’s Anglican cathedral at Liverpool (1904–79), one of the last monumental expressions of Gothic revival architecture in Britain. Designed to immortalize the achievement of the men and women who had laboured to promote and defend the nation’s imperial interests, it was conceived as a lasting testament to the enthusiasm for empire that characterized late Victorian and Edwardian Britain (Figs 1-2).
Dickie Bateman and the Gothicization of Old Windsor: Gothic Architecture and Sexuality in the Circle of Horace Walpole
Authors: Reeve Matthew M. 
Published: October 2018

Mr Dicky Bateman was a typical eccentric, who resembled his friend Horace Walpole in his Gothic affectation, and [John] Wilkes in his impious buffoonery.In one of the witty characterizations for which he is justifiably famous, Horace Walpole described the subject of this article — the transformation of the villa at Old Windsor owned by his friend, Richard (Dickie) Bateman — as a bout of one-upmanship between two men of taste: ‘[I] converted Dicky Bateman from a Chinese to a Goth […] I preached so effectively that every pagoda took the veil’. He later described the change of the style of Bateman’s house in terms of spiritual affiliation: Bateman’s house had ‘changed its religion […] I converted it from Chinese to Gothic’. Here as elsewhere in the early years of the Gothic Revival, Walpole serves as principal interlocutor, providing keen, if sharply biased, insights on many significant building projects in England. Walpole positions himself as a teacher and Bateman as a disciple whom he convinced to change his tastes from Chinoiserie (‘the fashion of the instant’) to the Gothic, the style ‘of the elect’. Walpole’s clever allegory of stylistic change as national and religious conversion was based in part on the fact that he provided the conduit for Richard Bentley and Johann Heinrich Müntz, two of his closest designers in the ‘Committee of Taste’, to design Gothic additions for Bateman between 1758-61. Rebuilt and expanded in the fashionable mode of Walpole’s own Strawberry Hill and by its designers, from Walpole’s perspective at least, Old Windsor as remodelled for Bateman served to reinforce his role as arbiter of the Gothic taste and Strawberry Hill as its paradigm.
R.S. Wilshere and his Modern Schools in Belfast: an Architecture of Individuality
Authors: Larmour Paul 
Published: October 2018

From time to time since his death in 1961, R.S. Wilshere has been referred to as a leading figure in the development of Modern architecture in Ireland, and his series of schools built in Belfast between the two world wars has been cited as an important part of that story. Yet the full significance of his schools has not hitherto been discussed in detail, while the full extent of his building achievement has not been outlined anywhere. The great esteem in which Wilshere and his Belfast schools were once held by contemporaries, however, merits both the recounting of his life and overall career, and an explanation of the nature of his special achievement in schools architecture.In addition to the twin aims of re-establishing Wilshere's reputation as an architect of more than usual worth and revealing the notable qualities of some of his schools, this exploration of his career and buildings also points to other themes of the inter-war era which have not been fully explored elsewhere and would benefit from further research.
A House for God or a Home for His People? The Church-Building Activity of Domus Dei in the Belgian Archbishopric (1952-82)
Authors: Sterken Sven 
Published: October 2018

After the Second World War, economic development across Western Europe resulted in the spectacular transformation of cities into large and densely populated urban agglomerations. Although the underlying driving force of demographic change had already become apparent in the early days of the Industrial Revolution, it now manifested itself on an unprecedented scale and at an increasing speed. In most Western European countries the Roman Catholic Church’s leadership responded to this with massive church-building campaigns, suggesting that it viewed architecture as a critical means by which to re-establish a religious presence within these urban agglomerations. To this end, many dioceses established administrative structures dedicated to the planning, financing and designing of religious infrastructure.These bodies have been little studied hitherto, but this article argues that they played an instrumental role in the post-war Catholic revival, by establishing a dense pastoral network within the newly urbanized areas. Moreover, they fostered a new culture of ecclesiastical patronage, as the scale and urgency of the task required new operational and managerial structures for building, fund-raising and mobilizing congregations to support this massive undertaking.
An Italian Architect in London: The Case of Alessandro Galilei (1691–1737)
Authors: Kieven Elisabeth 
Published: October 2018

‘I will carry with me the best architect in Europe.’ With these bold words Robert, first Viscount Molesworth, announced to his wife his arrival in Ireland in the company of the young Italian architect and engineer Alessandro Galilei in May 1717. Lord Molesworth could not know that, twenty years later, Galilei would be indeed one of the best-known architects in Europe, after having built in Rome, to the order of Pope Clement XII Corsini (1730–40), the facade of San Giovanni in Laterano (St John Lateran), the Cappella Corsini in the same church and the facade of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.Galilei was born on 25 August 1691, in Florence, the eldest son of the notary Giuseppe Maria Galilei and his wife Margherita Merlini. The Galilei family could trace their lineage to the Buonaiuti, who in the fourteenth century twice held the post of ‘Gonfaloniere della Giustizia’, then the most important position in the city government. They took the surname Galilei from the last Gonfaloniere in their family, the master of philosophy and medicine, Galileo (early fifteenth century). Even into the sixteenth century, members of the family belonged to the town council. The most famous bearer of the name was without doubt Galileo Galilei (1564–1641), from whom Alessandro was not directly descended but to whom he was remotely related. Although Alessandro’s father, Giuseppe, who in 1707 and 1711 was Proconsul of Notaries, counted himself as one of thenobili,the standing of the old patrician families had been considerably reduced under the Medici Grand Dukes because they did not actually hold a landed title. Financial decline seems also to have damaged the prestige of Alessandro’s branch of the family.
The Regulation of Buenos Aires’ Private Architecture During the Late Eighteenth Century
Authors: Murray Claudia 
Published: October 2018

The end of the Habsburg dynasty in 1700 left the Spanish empire in ruins, and the military defeats and ensuing peace treaties considerably diminished Spain’s power in Europe. The new century saw the arrival of the Bourbon dynasty and with it a greater French influence. Under the banner of the Enlightenment, monarchical rule and scientific knowledge combined in Spain to bring about a more comprehensive form of government, whose internal policies aimed at improving educational opportunities, social conditions and economic life.The set of new rules and regulations implemented by the new monarchs in order to achieve these goals are now known as the Bourbon Reforms, and their economic implications for the River Plate region have been the subject of much research. This article intends to add to studies of the region from an urban perspective, focusing on the transformation that its capital city, Buenos Aires, experienced under the Bourbons, with the intention of revealing how the new authorities attempted to reinstate the urban layout of the city by dictating new aesthetic values at both urban and domestic levels. As will be explained, the stricter control of land and building also meant stricter control of the population, but Buenos Aires’ citizens — known as porteños — accepted this, as they rapidly learnt that submitting to constraints on their privately-financed architecture could leave them with a healthy profit.