bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Approach for Buckled Bulk Composites by Combined Biaxial Stretch and Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition and Their Electrical and Electromagnetic Applications
Authors: Liu Zhongsheng , Wan Fayu , Mou Linlin , Jung de Andrade Monica , Qian Dong , Wang Run , Yin Shougen , Li Kun , Chen Hong , An Baigang , Hu Zhizhi , Wang Hongzhi , Zhu Meifang , Fang Shaoli , Liu Zunfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFabrication of high quality stretchable conductors that show bulk structure, high electrical conductivity, and stable conductance under large deformations is crucial for wearable electronics and soft robots. A key difficulty here is to introduce buckled structure into the conductive phase of the bulk conductors and overcome the lateral crack problem in the conductive phase during buckle formation. In this paper, a general approach is introduced for fabricating novel buckled bulk composite (BBC) stretchable conductors based on common conductive nanomaterial by using sequential biaxial stretch–release and layer‐by‐layer deposition to provide alternating buckled conductive layers and elastomer layers. This biaxial stretch is used to keep the width of elastomers unchanged before and after stretching, to avoid the lateral crack formation of the conductive layer. This method can be applied to common nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles, silver nanowires, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, and graphenes. The BBCs exhibit high conductance, uniform structure, and stable conductance during deformation and temperature change, which are demonstrated as applications in electrical interconnects, electrothermally driven artificial muscles, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, and reconfigurable antennas.
Stabilization of Precursor Solution and Perovskite Layer by Addition of Sulfur
Authors: Min Hanul , Kim Gwisu , Paik Min Jae , Lee Seungwoon , Yang Woon Seok , Jung Minsu , Seok Sang Il 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEfficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are mainly fabricated by a solution coating processes. However, the efficiency of such devices varies significantly with the aging time of the precursor solution used to fabricate them, which includes a mixture of perovskite components, especially methylammonium (MA), and formamidinium (FA) cations. Herein, how the inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite precursor solution of (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05 degrades over time and how such degradation can be effectively inhibited is reported on, and the associated mechanism of degradation is discussed. Such degradation of the precursor solution is closely related to the loss of MA cations dissolved in the FA solution through the deprotonation of MA to volatile methylamine (CH3NH2). Addition of elemental sulfur (S8) drastically stabilizes the precursor solution owing to amine–sulfur coordination, without compromising the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the derived PSCs. Furthermore, sulfur introduced to stabilize the precursor solution results in improved PSC stability.
Neuronal apolipoprotein E4 increases cell death and phosphorylated tau release in alzheimer disease
Authors: Wadhwani Anil R. , Affaneh Amira , Van Gulden Stephanie , Kessler John A. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4 isoform is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). Although APOE is predominantly expressed by astrocytes in the central nervous system, neuronal expression of APOE is of increasing interest in age‐related cognitive impairment, neurological injury, and neurodegeneration. Here, we show that endogenous expression of E4 in stem‐cell–derived neurons predisposes them to injury and promotes the release of phosphorylated tau.MethodsInduced pluripotent stem cells from 2 unrelated AD patients carrying the E4 allele were corrected to the E3/E3 genotype with the CRISPR/Cas9 system and differentiated into pure cultures of forebrain excitatory neurons without contamination from other cells types.ResultsCompared to unedited E4 neurons, E3 neurons were less susceptible to ionomycin‐induced cytotoxicity. Biochemically, E4 cells exhibited increased tau phosphorylation and ERK1/2 phosphoactivation. Moreover, E4 neurons released increased amounts of phosphorylated tau extracellularly in an isoform‐dependent manner by a heparin sulfate proteoglycan–dependent mechanism.InterpretationOur results demonstrate that endogenous expression of E4 by stem‐cell–derived forebrain excitatory neurons predisposes neurons to calcium dysregulation and ultimately cell death. This change is associated with increased cellular tau phosphorylation and markedly enhanced release of phosphorylated tau. Importantly, these effects are independent of glial APOE. These findings suggest that E4 accelerates spreading of tau pathology and neuron death in part by neuron‐specific, glia‐independent mechanisms. Ann Neurol 2019;85:726–739
Mechanistic Dichotomy of Magnesium‐ and Zinc‐Based Germanium Nucleophiles in the C(sp3)−Ge Cross‐Coupling with Alkyl Electrophiles
Authors: Xue Weichao , Mao Wenbin , Zhang Liangliang , Oestreich Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRobust procedures for two mechanistically distinct C(sp3)−Ge bond formations from alkyl electrophiles and germanium nucleophiles are reported. The germanium reagents were made available as bench‐stable solutions by lithium‐to‐magnesium and lithium‐to‐zinc transmetalation, respectively. The germanium Grignard reagent reacts with various primary and secondary alkyl electrophiles by an ionic nucleophilic displacement. Conversely, the coupling of the corresponding zinc reagent requires a nickel catalyst, which then engages in radical bond formations with primary, secondary, and even tertiary alkyl bromides. Both methods avoid the regioselectivity issue of alkene hydrogermylation and enable the synthesis of a wide range of functionalized alkyl‐substituted germanes.
Short-term cost-effectiveness of one-stage implant-based breast reconstruction with an acellular dermal matrix versus two-stage expander-implant reconstruction from a multicentre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Negenborn V L , Smit J M , Dikmans R E G , Winters H A H , Twisk J W R , Ruhé P Q , Mureau M A M , Tuinder S , Eltahir Y , Posch N A S , van Steveninck-Barends J M , van der Hulst R R W J , Ritt M J P F , Bouman M-B , Mullender M G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most commonly performed reconstructive procedure and its economic impact is significant. This study aimed to analyse whether a direct one-stage IBBR with use of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is more cost-effective than two-stage (expander-implant) breast reconstruction.

Methods
The BRIOS (Breast Reconstruction In One Stage) study was an open-label multicentre RCT in which women scheduled for skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate IBBR were randomized between one-stage IBBR with ADM or two-stage IBBR. Duration of surgery and hospital stay, and visits for the primary surgery, unplanned and cosmetic procedures were recorded. Costs were estimated at an institutional level. Health status was assessed by means of the EuroQol Five Dimensions 5L questionnaire.

Results
Fifty-nine patients (91 breasts) underwent one-stage IBBR with ADM and 62 patients (92 breasts) two-stage IBBR. The mean(s.d.) duration of surgery in the one-stage group was significantly longer than that for two-stage IBBR for unilateral (2·52(0·55) versus 2·02(0·35) h; P &lt; 0·001) and bilateral (4·03(1·00) versus 3·25(0·58) h; P = 0·017) reconstructions. Costs were higher for one-stage compared with two-stage IBBR for both unilateral (€12 448 (95 per cent c.i. 10 722 to 14 387) versus €9871 (9373 to 10 445) respectively; P = 0·025) and bilateral (€16 939 (14 887 to 19 360) versus €13 383 (12 414 to 14 669); P = 0·002) reconstructions. This was partly related to the use of relatively expensive ADM. There was no difference in postoperative health status between the groups.

Conclusion
One-stage IBBR with ADM was associated with higher costs, but similar health status, compared with conventional two-stage IBBR. Registration number: NTR5446 (http://www.trialregister.nl).
Effect of preoperative injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles on rates of sentinel lymph node dissection in women undergoing surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (SentiNot study)
Authors: Karakatsanis A , Hersi A-F , Pistiolis L , Olofsson Bagge R , Lykoudis P M , Eriksson S , Wärnberg F , Nagy G , Mohammed I , Sundqvist M , Bergkvist L , Kwong A , Olofsson H , Stålberg P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
One-fifth of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have invasive breast cancer (IBC) on definitive histology. Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is performed in almost half of women having surgery for DCIS in Sweden. The aim of the present study was to try to minimize unnecessary SLND by injecting superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles at the time of primary breast surgery, enabling SLND to be performed later, if IBC is found in the primary specimen.

Methods
Women with DCIS at high risk for the presence of invasion undergoing breast conservation, and patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy were included. The primary outcome was whether this technique could reduce SLND. Secondary outcomes were number of SLNDs avoided, detection rate and procedure-related costs.

Results
This was a preplanned interim analysis of 189 procedures. IBC was found in 47 and a secondary SLND was performed in 41 women. Thus, 78·3 per cent of patients avoided SLND (P &lt; 0·001). At reoperation, SPIO plus blue dye outperformed isotope and blue dye in detection of the sentinel node (40 of 40 versus 26 of 40 women; P &lt; 0·001). Costs were reduced by a mean of 24·5 per cent in women without IBC (€3990 versus 5286; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Marking the sentinel node with SPIO in women having surgery for DCIS was effective at avoiding unnecessary SLND in this study. Registration number: ISRCTN18430240 (http://www.isrctn.com).
Application of case study to introduce medical students to molecular biology techniques used in HIV diagnostics
Authors: Kocemba‐Pilarczyk Kinga A. , Ostrowska Barbara , Dudzik Paulina , Markiewicz Michał J. , Sotirios Souza Pegos Débora , Lim Chaewon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiagnostic molecular biology is a fast developing discipline of laboratory medicine widely used in numerous medical branches such as oncology, hematology, immunology, internal medicine, or infectious diseases, which will certainly have a major impact on clinical medicine in the near future. Nowadays, educational process is forced to face the quickly growing overflow of easily accessible data and properly guide the students not to be lead astray in the information chaos. Hence, in view of the foregoing, it appears obvious that modern medical education should put particular stress on selective acquiring, interpreting, and applying integrated multidisciplinary knowledge rather than on just absorbing and memorizing huge amount of scattered information. The presented case study aims at familiarizing the students with basic molecular biology techniques such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, it is not limited only to discussing and learning the principles of the assays mentioned earlier, but it also shows their practical application in a particular diagnostic process and give the guidelines on how to explain and interpret exemplary results. In parallel, the way the case study is constructed allows a tutor to lead students into discussion on clinical aspects related to HIV infection what should eventually create complete picture of a HIV diagnostic process, thereby integrating basic knowledge of molecular biology laboratory techniques, HIV biology, and immunological response. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):355–360, 2019.
Analytical methodologies for the determination of ticagrelor
Authors: Kelemen Hajnal , Hancu Gabriel , Papp Lajos Attila 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTicagrelor is an orally administered platelet aggregation inhibitor with a cyclopentyl‐triazolopyrimidine structure; it is a selective reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist, which prevents P2Y12‐mediated and ADP‐mediated platelet activation and aggregation. It is used to reduce the rate of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome or history of myocardial infarction. Several analytical methods have been published for the determination of ticagrelor in pharmaceuticals and biological materials by spectrophotometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The purpose of the current review is to provide a systematic survey of the analytical techniques used for the determination of ticagrelor since its introduction in therapy until today.
OralLactobacillus reuteriLR06 orBifidobacteriumBL5b supplement do not produce analgesic effects on neuropathic and inflammatory pain in rats
Authors: Huang Jiangju , Zhang Chuanlei , Wang Jian , Guo Qulian , Zou Wangyuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported that certain bacteria exert visceral antinociceptive activity in visceral pain and may also help to relieve neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the analgesic effect ofLactobacillus reuteriLR06 (LR06) orBifidobacteriumBL5b (BL5b) in chronic pain in vivo.DesignRats were randomly assigned into four groups: sham, Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI)/Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) + control, CCI/CFA + LR06, and CCI/CFA + BL5b. Rats from the probiotic groups were treated with 1 x 109cfu (LR06 or BL5b) daily through gavage for 14 days after a pain model was successfully established. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were used to assess the analgesic effect of the probiotics. Iba1 was used to verify the microglial inflammatory reaction in the different groups.ResultsThe results showed that probioticsL. reuteriLR06 orBifidobacteriumBL5b had no significant antinociception effects in chronic pain rats. The chronic pain‐induced activation of microglia (Iba1) was not relieved by probiotics in CCI/CFA‐induced neuropathic or inflammatory pain rats.ConclusionOur results suggested thatL. reuteriLR06 orBifidobacteriumBL5b had no antinociceptive effects on CCI‐induced neuropathic pain and CFA‐induced inflammatory pain in rats.
Expansion of retinal stem cells and their progeny using cell microcarriers in a bioreactor
Authors: Baakdhah Tahani , van der Kooy Derek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBlindness as a consequence of degenerative eye diseases (e.g., age‐related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa) is a major health problem and numbers are expected to increase by up to 50% by 2020. Unfortunately, adult mouse and human retinal stem cells (RSCs), unlike fish and amphibians, are quiescent in vivo and do not regenerate following disease or injury. To replace lost cells, we used microcarriers (MCs) in a suspension stirring bioreactor to help achieve numbers suitable for differentiation and transplantation. We achieved a significant 10‐fold enrichment of RSC yield compared to conventional static culture techniques using a combination of FACTIII MCs and relative hypoxia (5%) inside the bioreactor. We found that hypoxia (5% O2) was associated with better RSC expansion across all platforms; and this can be attributed to hypoxia‐induced increases in survival and/or symmetric division of stem cells. In the future, we will target the differentiation of RSCs and their progeny toward rod and cone photoreceptor phenotypes using FACTIII MCs inside bioreactors to expand their populations in order to produce the large numbers of cells needed for transplantation.
Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils from Five Kinds of Rutaceae Plants – Avoiding Pesticide Residue and Resistance
Authors: Chen Chuan‐Jiao , Li Qing‐Qing , Ma Yu‐Nan , Wang Wei , Cheng Yong‐Xian , Xu Fu‐Rong , Dong Xian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPanax notoginseng root is a traditional Chinese herb, of which the yield and quality have been seriously affected by microorganisms, and is commonly used to treat various kinds of bleeding. In this experiment, the effects of the antifungal properties of essential oils (EOs) from five kinds of Rutaceae plants on the growth of three kinds of pathogens were studied to develop natural, environmentally friendly antifungal agents. Citrus medica EO was found to have stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of pathogenic fungi in vitro than other EOs with the Oxford cup method, of which the chemical composition was further investigated by GC/MS. The major components were d‐limonene (22.79 %) and γ‐terpinene (9.71 %). The antifungal activities were evaluated by MIC and FIC assays. In these assays, C. medica EO, d‐limonene and γ‐terpinene were effective against three pathogens of P. notoginseng with MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 12.05 mg/mL. The association between hymexazol and C. medica EO showed a high synergistic effect with lower FIC index values (FICi=0.31–2.00). Furthermore, C. medica EO was further assessed in P. notoginseng planted in a continuous cropping soil (CCS) and was found to reduce the disease incidence and disease severity compared with P. notoginseng planted in CCS only without EO addition. This finding suggested that C. medica EO has potential as a natural environmentally antifungal agent against pathogens of P. notoginseng, ensuring its safety.
Bone mesenchymal stem cell‐conditioned medium attenuates the effect of oxidative stress injury on NSCs by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway
Authors: Niu Yang , Xia Xiang , Song PeiWen , Fang Huang , Dong FuLong , Tao Hui , Yang Chao , Shen CaiLiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells on spinal cord injury (SCI), especially on neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the predominant mechanisms of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are unclear. Recently, some researchers have found that paracrine signaling plays a key role in the therapeutic capacity of BMSCs and emphasized that the protective effect of BMSCs may be due to paracrine factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of BMSCs to protect NSCs. NSCs were identified by immunocytochemistry. The oxidative stress environment was simulated by H2O2 (50, 100, 200 μM) for 2 h. The apoptotic rate of the NSCs was detected via flow cytometry. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were evaluated via corresponding assay kits. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Notch1, HES1, caspase‐3, cleave caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2. We found that H2O2 could significantly induce the apoptosis of NSCs, increase LDH, MDA levels, and decrease SOD activity by activating the Notch1 signaling pathway. DAPT (the specific blocker of Notch1) and BMSC‐conditioned medium (BMSC‐CM) could significantly prevent the apoptotic effect and oxidative stress injury on NSCs that were treated with H2O2. We also revealed that BMSC‐CM could decrease the expression of Notch1, Hes1, cleave caspase‐3, Bax, and increases the expression of Bcl‐2 in NSCs, which was induced by H2O2. These results have revealed that BMSC‐CM can neutralize the effect against oxidative stress injury on the apoptosis of NSCs by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway.
Drug‐coated balloon versus plain old balloon angioplasty in femoropopliteal disease: An updated meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Anantha‐Narayanan Mahesh , Shah Samit M. , Jelani Qurat‐Ul‐Ain , Garcia Santiago , Ionescu Costin , Regan Christopher , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty has emerged as a mainstay of therapy for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) involving the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. We performed a meta‐analysis including all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to date which compare DCB to plain balloon angioplasty (POBA) in femoropopliteal disease (FPD).MethodsFive databases were analyzed including EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web‐of‐Science from January 2000 to September 2018 for RCTs comparing DCB to POBA in patients with FPD. Heterogeneity was determined using Cochrane's Q‐statistics. Random effects model was used.ResultsTwenty‐two RCTs, including five trials of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) intervention, with 3,217 patients were included in the analysis. Mean follow‐up was approximately 21.6 ± 14.4 months. Overall, DCB use was associated with a 51% reduction in target vessel revascularization (TLR) when compared to POBA at follow‐up (relative risk [RR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.61, P < 0.0001). Rates of TLR were 45% lower in the DCB group when compared to POBA in patients with ISR (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.37–0.81, P = 0.002). DCB was associated with lower rates of binary stenosis, late lumen loss and higher primary safety endpoints. Major amputation and mortality were not different between DCB and POBA.ConclusionsUse of DCBs is associated with improved vessel patency and a lower risk of TLR when compared to POBA in patients with FPD, especially in the setting of ISR. There was no difference in mortality between DCB and POBA in our meta‐analysis. Extended follow‐up of the available RCT data will be essential to analyze long‐term device‐related mortality.
In vitro test–retest repeatability of invasive physiological indices to assess coronary flow
Authors: Picard Fabien , Alansari Omar , Mogi Satoshi , van't Veer Marcel , Varenne Olivier , Adjedj Julien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsSeveral invasive techniques are available in clinical practice to assess coronary flow. Nevertheless, the test–retest repeatability of these techniques in a controlled setting has not been reported. Therefore, we sought to evaluate fractional flow reserve (FFR), coronary flow reserve (CFR), index of microvascular resistance (IMR), and absolute coronary blood flow (ABF) with absolute microvascular resistance (AMR) test–retest repeatability using a coronary flow simulator.Methods and ResultsUsing a coronary flow simulator (FFR WetLab version 2.0; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA), we created stenoses ranging from 0% to 70%, with 10% increments. Three different flows were established with their hyperemic phases, and two consecutive measurements were obtained, evaluating the following indices: FFR, CFR, IMR, ABF, and AMR, using a pressure/temperature wire and an infusion catheter. One hundred and thirty‐eight pairs of measurements were performed. Test–retest reliability was compared in 48 FFR, 18 CFR, 24 IMR, 24 ABF, and 24 AMR. Test–retest repeatability showed excellent reproducibility for FFR, ABF, and AMR; respectively 0.98 (0.97–0.99), 0.92 (0.81–0.97) and 0.91 (0.79–0.96) (P < 0.0001 for all). However, test–retest repeatability was weaker for IMR and poor for CFR; respectively 0.53 (0.16–0.77) (P = 0.006) and 0.27 (−0.26–0.67) (P = 0.30).ConclusionsUsing a coronary flow simulator, FFR and ABF with AMR had excellent test–retest reliability. IMR and CFR demonstrated weaker test–retest reliability.