bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outdoor cultivation of Ulva lactuca in a recently developed ring-shaped photobioreactor: effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and photosynthetic performance
Authors: Sebök Stefan , Herppich Werner B. , Hanelt Dieter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Land-based cultivation of marine macroalgae may open up the possibility to produce high quality algal biomass as required in various application areas all year round. In this context, the potential of a recently developed ring-shaped cultivation system with algae moving in a circular way, simulating the movement pattern in a standard tank cultivation vessel was evaluated using the green alga Ulva lactuca. Plants were cultivated under outdoor conditions at ambient (37 μmol CO2 kg−1 seawater) and increased CO2 concentration (152 μmol CO2 kg−1 seawater). Biomass growth and photosynthetic performance of algae were analyzed over a test period of 7 d. Elevated CO2 concentration significantly stimulated algal growth and also helped to compensate the effects of environmental stress conditions. This was indicated by the predominant stability of photosynthetic competence and represented by maximum photosynthetic electron transport rates, efficiency of light-harvesting and photon fluence rates (PFR) saturating photosynthetic electron transport at low PFR. At high PFR, no difference in photosynthetic competence was detected between algae cultivated at the high CO2-concentration and those grown at ambient CO2. Under elevated CO2 concentrations, photochemical energy dissipation decreased more distinctly at low PFR. This may reflect a declining energy demand necessary to maintain photosynthetic capacity. Under elevated CO2, the apparent changes in the quantum yields of regulated and unregulated non-photochemical energy dissipation of PS II at high PFR possibly reflected the enhanced capacity of photoprotection under the prevailing environmental conditions.
A highly efficient and multifunctional biomass supporting Ag, Ni, and Cu nanoparticles through wetness impregnation for environmental remediation
Authors: Khan Shahid Ali , Ismail Muhammad , Anwar Yasir , Farooq Aliya , Al Johny Bassam Oudh , Akhtar Kalsoom , Shah Zafar Ali , Nadeem Muhammad , Raza Mian Ahmad , Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Sher Bahadar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Plant-based materials are reported to have a wide range of applications in the environmental and biomedical sectors. In this report, we present an economic and environmentally friendly supported turmeric powder (TP) biomass for the support of Ag, Ni and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) designated as Ag@TP, Ni@TP and Cu@TP. The in situ syntheses of the stated NPs were achieved in aqueous medium using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The prepared NPs were applied for the degradation of o-nitrophenol (ONP), m-nitrophenol (MNP), p-nitrophenol (PNP), methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), rhodamine B (RB) and methylene blue (MB). Initially, Ag@TP, Ni@TP and Cu@TP were screened for the MO dye and antibacterial activity, where Ag@TP displayed the strongest catalytic activity for MO and bactericidal activities as compared to Ni@TP and Cu@TP. The quantity of metal ions adsorbed onto the TP was investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The Ag@TP, Ni@TP and Cu@TP were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis.
Shining light on plant hormones with genetically encoded biosensors
Authors: Martin-Arevalillo Raquel , Vernoux Teva 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Signalling molecules are produced, degraded, modified and transported throughout the development of higher organisms. Understanding their mode of action implies understanding these dynamics in vivo and in real time. Genetically encoded biosensors are being more and more used as tools to ‘follow’ signalling molecules and their responses inside an organism. This is the case for plants, where important progresses have been made in the development of such biosensors. Here, we summarize the main genetically encoded biosensors built for plant hormones, constructed using diverse components and steps of their signalling pathways.
Curriculare Veränderung als langwierige und gemeinsame Herausforderung
Authors: Schütterle Holger , Hamano Hidemi 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt den Prozess der Umstellung eines Deutschprogramms an einer japanischen Universität auf ein konsequent aufgabenbasiertes Curriculum. Es werden die Erfahrungen, Probleme und Ergebnisse dieser Veränderungen aus der Sicht der beteiligten Lehrenden dargestellt. Im Anschluss an einen kurzen Überblick zur Situation des Deutschunterrichts in Japan werden zunächst die Gründe für die Entwicklung des neuen Programmes aufgezeigt sowie die theoretischen Überlegungen, die ihnen zugrunde lagen. Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen die im Verlauf von vier Jahren zutage getretenen und zu bewältigenden Konflikte sowie das gemeinsame Ringen der Lehrenden um Lösungen. Die Darstellung schließt mit einem Blick auf bisher erreichte Ergebnisse.
Optimizing Software Modularity with Minimum Possible Variations
Authors: Prajapati Amarjeet , Chhabra Jitender Kumar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Poor design choices at the early stages of software development and unprincipled maintenance practices usually deteriorate software modularity and subsequently increase system complexity. In object-oriented software, improper distribution of classes among packages is a key factor, responsible for modularity degradation. Many optimization techniques to improve the software modularity have been proposed in the literature. The focus of these optimization techniques is to produce modularization solutions by optimizing different design quality criteria. Such modularization solutions are good from the different aspect of quality; however, they require huge modifications in the existing modular structure to realize the suggested solution. Thus these techniques are costly and time consuming if applied at early stages of software maintenance. This paper proposes a search-based optimization technique to improve the modularity of the software system with minimum possible variation between the existing and produced modularization solution. To this contribution, a penalized fitness function, namely, penalized modularization quality, is designed in terms of modularization quality and the Move or Join Effectiveness Measure metric. Furthermore, this fitness function is used in both single-objective genetic algorithm (SGA) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA) to generate the modularization. The effectiveness of the proposed remodularization approach is evaluated over five open-source and three random generated software systems. The experimentation results show that the proposed approach is able to generate modularization solutions with improved quality along with lesser perturbation compared to their non-penalty counterpart and at the same time it performs better with the MGA compared to the SGA. The proposed approach can be very useful, especially when total remodularization is not feasible/desirable due to lack of time or high cost.
Hypothesis Testing in Non-Linear Models Exemplified by the Planar Coordinate Transformations
Authors: Lehmann R. , Lösler M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn geodesy, hypothesis testing is applied to a wide area of applications e.g. outlier detection, deformation analysis or, more generally, model optimisation. Due to the possible far-reaching consequences of a decision, high statistical test power of such a hypothesis test is needed. The Neyman-Pearson lemma states that under strict assumptions the often-applied likelihood ratio test has highest statistical test power and may thus fulfill the requirement. The application, however, is made more difficult as most of the decision problems are non-linear and, thus, the probability density function of the parameters does not belong to the well-known set of statistical test distributions. Moreover, the statistical test power may change, if linear approximations of the likelihood ratio test are applied. The influence of the non-linearity on hypothesis testing is investigated and exemplified by the planar coordinate transformations. Whereas several mathematical equivalent expressions are conceivable to evaluate the rotation parameter of the transformation, the decisions and, thus, the probabilities of type 1 and 2 decision errors of the related hypothesis testing are unequal to each other. Based on Monte Carlo integration, the effective decision errors are estimated and used as a basis of valuation for linear and non-linear equivalents.
The changing mass of glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau, 2002–2016, using time-variable gravity from the GRACE satellite mission
Authors: Beveridge Alyson K. , Harig Christopher , Simons Frederik J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is the largest region of high elevation in the world. The source of water for a number of important rivers, the Himalayan region is vital to the billions of inhabitants of the Asian continent. Over the last fifty years, the climate in the region has warmed more rapidly than anywhere else at the same latitude. Causes and effects, and the geographical details of these alarming warming trends are as yet not fully known. One way of assessing the effects of climate change in this area is to measure the change in glacier volume in the region, but estimates made on the basis of different techniques have not been conclusive to date, and remain difficult to reconcile. We examine the temporal behavior of the mass flux integrated over four distinct groupings of Tibetan glaciers using satellite gravimetry from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). We use a technique known as spatio-spectral localization using spherical Slepian functions to convert global spherical harmonic expansions of the time-dependent geopotential into monthly estimates of mass changes over the Tibetan Plateau. Subsequent reductions are aimed at interpreting this mass change as due to gains or losses in ice mass. We find that (ice) mass has been decreasing on the Tibetan Plateau between 2002 and 2016 but with significant spatial variability throughout the region. Specifically, in the regions of Himalaya, Pamir, Qilian, and Tien Shan, glaciers have been losing ice mass at a rate of −11±3, −1±2, +8±2, and −6±1 Gt/yr, respectively, over the last decade.
The effect of thyroid functions on osteopenia of prematurity in preterm infants
Authors: Çakır Ufuk , Tayman Cuneyt 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that thyroid hormones have effects on bone development. In particular, the effect of thyroid hormones on osteopenia of prematurity (OOP) has not been examined in preterm infants. Our study aimed to examine the relationship between OOP and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in preterm infants.MethodsVery low birth weight infants (VLBW, <1500 g) were included in the study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels were measured on postnatal day 5. Serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were studied as standard screening parameters for OOP at postnatal week 4. Patients with serum ALP level >700 IU/L were included in the OOP group. We intended to figure out the relationship between OOP and CH in infants.ResultsIn our study, OOP frequency was 14.9% among 543 VLBW infants. There was no statistically significant difference between groups with and without CH (21.7% and 14.8%, respectively) in terms of OOP (p=0.632). Gestational age (GA) was significantly lower in infants with diagnosed OOP (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In addition, the prevalence rates of mothers with preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), respiratory support requirement, late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and full enteral feeding time were found to be higher in the OOP group (p<0.05).ConclusionsWe found that thyroid hormones had no effect on OOP in preterm infants. Therefore, future randomized controlled studies as well as long-term outcome studies are warranted on this topic.
Spatial and Temporal Averaging Windows and Their Impact on Forecasting: Exactly Solvable Examples
Authors: Li Ying , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In making weather and climate predictions, the goal is often not to predict the instantaneous, local value of temperature, wind speed, or rainfall; instead, the goal is often to predict these quantities after averaging in time and/or space-for example, over one day or one week. What is the impact of spatial and/or temporal averaging on forecasting skill?Here this question is investigated using simple stochastic models that can be solved exactly analytically. While the models are idealized, their exact solutions allow clear results that are not affected by errors from numerical simulations or from random sampling. As a model of time series of oscillatory weather fluctuations, the complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is used. To furthermore investigate spatial averaging, the stochastic heat equation is used as an idealized spatiotemporal model for moisture and rainfall. Space averaging and time averaging are shown to have distinctly different impacts on prediction skill. Spatial averaging leads to improved forecast skill, in line with some forms of basic intuition. Time averaging, on the other hand, is more subtle: it may either increase or decrease forecast skill. The subtle effects of time averaging are seen to arise from the relative definitions of the time averaging window and the lead time. These results should help in understanding and comparing forecasts with different temporal and spatial averaging windows.
Design of aluminum nitride metalens for broadband ultraviolet incidence routing
Authors: Guo Linhao , Hu Zelin , Wan Rongqiao , Long Linyun , Li Tao , Yan Jianchang , Lin Yun , Zhang Lei , Zhu Wenhui , Wang Liancheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) photonics-based device and equipment have various applications in sterilization, military covert communication, medical treatment, nanofabrication, gem identification and so on. The traditional constituent UV components are bulky, inefficient, expensive and easily aging under UV radiation. An all-dielectric metasurface offers a promising way to control the amplitude, polarization and phase of light by engineering the size, shape and distribution of its constituent elements. However, UV components based on all-dielectric metasurfaces are difficult to be realized, due to significant absorption loss for most dielectric materials at the UV region. Here we demonstrate the design of a UV metalens, composed of high-aspect-ratio aluminum nitride nanorods. The in-plane on-axis, off-axis and out-of-plane focusing characteristics have been investigated at representative UVA (375 nm), UVB (308 nm) and UVC (244 nm) wavelengths, respectively. Furthermore, we design UV router for mono-wavelength and multiple wavelengths, that is, guiding UV light to designated different spatial positions. Our work is promising for the development of UV photonic devices and would facilitate the integration and miniaturization of the UV nanophotonics.
Religion und Kultur: Zur Dezentrierung der säkularen Moderne
Authors: Klein Rebekka A. 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel versucht, eine Typologie für die Beschreibung des Verhältnisses von Religion und Kultur in Theologie und Philosophie zu entwickeln. Er problematisiert die These moderner protestantischer Theologen, welche im Anschluss an Friedrich Schleiermacher ‚Religion als Kultur‘ deuten und diese Deutung zu einer differenzlosen Identifikation beider verdichten. Nach einer Klärung der Funktion des Religionsbegriffs in den Theologien von Calvin und Schleiermacher wird die aktuelle Debatte um ein de-kolonialisiertes Kulturverständnis adressiert und von ihr aus die Möglichkeit einer Neufassung des Verhältnisses von Religion und Kultur diskutiert.
Digital Disaster Preparedness of Indonesian Special Libraries
Authors: Rachman Yeni Budi , Afidhan Saiful 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe literature about disaster preparedness, especially digital disaster in the library, is particularly limited in Indonesia. With the growing number of library collections in digital form, it is important for libraries to implement strategies for the protection of digital collections from various disaster threats. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the readiness of selected special libraries in Indonesia on the issue of digital disaster. A questionnaire containing 15 closed and open-ended questions was disseminated through an online survey to 10 selected special libraries in Jakarta and Bogor, Indonesia. The results indicate that most libraries have implemented digital data protection and are able to analyze any potential digital disaster threats that may occur. Most of the libraries do not yet have specific policies regarding digital collections, however. The minimal number of digital collections compared to the number of printed collections is assumed to be the cause of the lack of attention and protection of digital collections. Consequently, libraries need to develop a digital preservation policy first before implementing a digital disaster management plan.
Ethical Behavior and Assuring the Quality of Provided Services – the Case of Accounting Firms
Authors: State Violeta 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
I started writing this paper from the premise that compliance with ethics and deontology in the accounting profession decisively contributes to assuring the quality of accounting services provided by professional accountants. For this purpose, we conducted a conjuncture survey, whose subjects, accounting firms, were asked about: their offering of accounting services, their compliance with fundamental ethical principles of the accounting profession, their compliance with deontological norms in promoting accounting services and issues related to the promotion of provided services.
Based on the feedback received, we concluded that, basically, ethics and quality must represent the professional accountant, they must be their defining characteristics, but at the same time, in order to excel through their services, it is also necessary that customers, economic entities, show interest and receptivity, and provide the required documents and information in a timely manner and of appropriate quality.
Comparative Analysis of the Distribution of Goods in Two Outlets: Carrefour and Auchan Ploiesti
Authors: Ștefan Maria-Cristina , Andreiana Violeta - Andreea 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Retail holds a very important role in the national and international economy, representing an intermediate link in the producer-consumer relationship. The emergence of hypermarkets in Romania has led to the enthusiasm of the customers, who are attracted by the availability of a wide range of products in a single shop, in an environment full of colors, bright, with a pleasant atmosphere, with promotions and tasting of products with sweepstakes and free services. So hypermarkets have become popular among the Romanian citizens, while competition has intensified as the years have elapsed.
Communication, a Premise of Efficiency and Effectiveness in Current Society
Authors: Iacob Silvia Elena , Bădina Rădulescu Mihaela Loredana 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNowadays the concerns for communication analysis are highlighting its complexity. If for the regular people, communication means essentially to transmit information mostly using words, for the communication science specialists, it got a different meaning. Regardless of the meaning given to the term, everything gravitates around information and managing the interest. These two terms define the content of communication. The reasons, purposes, meanings are mostly different, depending on the actors involved in the message exchange. In order to not wander in this definitions universe, we will note only one: “Broadly, communication is the process of issuing a message and send it in a coded manner with the help of a communication channel to a recipient for reception” [Burcin, Octavian, 2009].This definition was chosen, starting from the fact that all definitions for communication have at least a series of mutual elements, from which we note: communication is the process of transmitting information, ideas, opinions, reviews, either from one individual to another, or from a group to another; communication is an attribute of the human being; no kind of activities, from the common daily activities to the complex activities developed at collectivities level, cannot be conceived outside the communication process.
Zum Verhältnis von Digitalisierung und Organisation
Authors: Büchner Stefanie 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag fragt,in welchem Verhältnis Digitalisierung und Organisation zueinander stehen. Er widerspricht dem Eindruck, dass Digitalisierung organisationsneutral stattfindet. Im Rekurs auf die soziologische Systemtheorie wird an fünf zentralen Theoriepunkten sondiert, wie Digitalisierung Organisationen nicht nur erfasst, sondern Organisationen als Sozialsysteme einen Unterschied für Digitalisierung machen. Mit Bezug zu aktuellen Studien der Digitalisierungsforschung zeigt sich, dass Organisationen Digitalisierunguneinheitlichbeeinflussen undstrukturspezifischprägen. Umgekehrt werden auch Organisationen in ihrer Erwartungs- und Entscheidungsordnung von Digitalisierung beeinflusst. Auf Basis dieser Einsichten wird für eine organisationssensible Digitalisierungsforschung plädiert, die das Forschungsfeld derOrganizational Dataficationinterdisziplinär, vergleichsorientiert und durch organisationssoziologische Anschlussstellen informiert erschließt.
Preparation of Large Carbon Nanofibers on a Stainless Steel Surface and Elucidation of their Growth Mechanisms
Authors: Elamin M. R. , Taha Kamal K. , Abdulkhair Babiker Y. , Khezami L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this work different shapes of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully synthesised on a treated commercial steel substrate by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) utilising ethanol at 700 °C. The formation of the nanofibers with average diameter of 200–400 nm was confirmed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The BET surface area, pore volume and pore size of the obtained CNFs were sequentially: 182 m2/g, 10.5 cm3/g and 103.3 Å as determined by nitrogen adsorption analysis. The influence of the surface treatment on the size and shape of CNFs was investigated and the results indicated a positive correlation that can be employed to tailor CNFs of desired morphology. Accordingly, a growth mechanism due to the deposition of carbonaceous materials on large size nanoparticles was proposed. As the CCVD is a facile and economical route for CNFs synthesis, thus, it can be efficiently adopted for the growth of CNFs on pretreated steel substrates as proved by this study.