bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of periodic discharge in liquid flow
Authors: Sinelnikov D. , Bulgadaryan D. , Buyanov G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Periodic discharge in water flow was investigated using optic spectrometer and 1000 fps video camera with the discharge pulse up to several milliseconds long regulated by water flow speed. Copper drops were found on the cathode surface in the case of copper-tube anode. In spite of water cooling anode can reach melting point. Optic spectra were compared for several materials of electrodes. For copper electrodes it was found that anode is the main contributor of copper in discharge plasma.
Multielemental alloying of steel surface layer under the action of compression plasma flows
Authors: Cherenda N N , Uglov V V , Dzagnidze G M , Astashynski V M , Kusmitski A M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The microstructure, phase and element composition, microhardness of the carbon steel surface layer simultaneously alloyed with molybdenum and chromium atoms under the impact of compression plasma flows were investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion microanalysis and microhardness measurements were used for the investigation of the alloyed layer structure and properties. The findings showed that an increase of the plasma pulses number led to a decrease of the molybdenum and chromium atoms concentration in the alloyed layer as well as to the growth of alloying elements distribution homogeneity. The alloyed layer contained solid solutions on the basis of α-Fe and γ-Fe according to the data of the phase composition analysis. Plasma impact resulted in 3.5 times microhardness increase due to structure refinement.
Beam asymmetry compensation at DESY photoelectron guns
Authors: Isaev I , Krasilnikov M , Zhao Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Quadrupole fields are considered as an option for beam asymmetry compensation for L-band photoelectron guns used at DESY. The quadrupoles dedicated for the installation at a gun coupler region have three designs. The first two designs were installed and tested with photoelectron beam. The designs of the quadrupoles and experiments results are presented.
Teaching Power Electronics as a Multidisciplinary Subject with Small and Inexpensive Robotic Arm
Authors: Pradana Sunu , Karim Khairuddin , Rusda  , Yadie Erry , Bustani  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Experience shows that teaching Power Electronics subjects is not easy, even to undergraduate students. This phenomenon might stem from the fact that Power Electronics is an engineering discipline that closely related to other disciplines. Some experts stipulate that Power Electronics is a multidisciplinary subject while for some other it is an interdisciplinary subject. In students point of view, it does not matter what side Power Electronics reside, they always see it as a difficult subject. Most of the time engineering technology (TVET) student might consider this subject more as a burden. This does not come as a surprise; sampled Indonesian students score lower in PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), a periodic student testing conducted by OECD (Economic Co-operation and Development). The score outline the lack of HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) from many Indonesian students. The inadequacy in that skills hampers the future development of many students, especially in a subject such as Power Electronics that require some degree of mathematical prowess and deeper thinking. It gets worse with the influence of technology on student attention span, and they cannot focus on a more extended period as their predecessor was. This kind of deficiency threat the very survival of the nation as we enter The Industrial Revolution 4.0 where many current human jobs will be replaced by network connected automation. We need to address this problem adequately. The massive national interest in robotics may be one of the answers to this problem. However, due to the expensiveness of this solution, it needs to be adapted to the available budget. The literature study that used as a foundation of ongoing effort to incorporate a simple robotic experiment in Power Electronics teaching is presented. The study then followed by a discussion about the current state of the effort.
The Diversity of Riparian Trees Vegetation at Around The Lawo River, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Pertiwi Nurlita , Taufieq Nur Anny Suryaningsih , Hiola St. Fatmah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Abstrak. The study aimed to examine the diversity of riparian tree vegetation on the banks of the Lawo River in Soppeng Regency. This research is descriptive and carried out for three months, starting from June to August 2018. This study uses a quadrant method with a plot size of 20 m x 20 m. Data analysis was performed to calculate diversity index, evenness index, and similarity index of riparian tree vegetation. The results showed that riparian tree vegetation found in the littoral zone of the Lawo River totaled nineteen (19) species belonging to eight families. Plant Gmeliana arborea (fam: Verbenaceae) is the most common plant. Species Diversity Index is a medium category. The Species Evenness Index is high (close to 1). Riparian tree vegetation on the banks of the Lawo river observed at five points shows almost the same vegetation conditions.
Numerical Solution of Diabetes Mellitus Model without Genetic Factors with Treatment using Runge Kutta Method
Authors: Side Syafruddin , Astari Gustman Putra , Pratama Muh Isbar , Irwan  , Sanusi Wahidah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study discusses the numerical solution of the model analysis of diabetes mellitus without genetic factors with treatment using the fourth order Runge-Kutta. The mathematical model in the form of a differential equations system that includes S (Susceptible), E (Exposed), I (Infected), and IT (Infected with Treatment) which has been simplified into the total population class (N), the latent population (E), the patient population without treatment (I) and the patient population with treatment (IT
) as the initial value and the value of A, μ, δ1, δ2, α, β as parameters were resolved numerically using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method and performed as many iteration with interval time or h = 0,01 years. The data taken in Makassar City for each class population. Initial and parameters values are subtituted into numerical solutions to the model which are then simulated using Maple, indicating that at t = 5 years the magnitude of the entire population class (N) = 195.216, the latent population (E) = 31, the patient population without treatment (I) = 4.836 and the patient population with treatment (IT
) = 1.454. The results concluded that the magnitude of the value for the rate of each class of population in the next five years decreased due to the population dead and/or move the next class of the population.
Design Two-Level Factorial to Screening Factors Influencing of Pectin Extraction from Banana Peels (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: Pagarra Halifah , Hartati  , Purnamasari Andi Bida , Rahman Roshanida A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A study was conducted to vary the parameters affecting the production of pectin extraction from kepok banana peels using 2-level factorial design (2LFD). The experimental design was performed to screen or significant environmental factors for the yield of pectin. Factors involved consist of pH, temperature and extraction time. Independent variables are pH (1.5 to 2.5), temperature (60°C to 100°C) and extraction time (60 minutes to 90 minutes). The results showed that the pectin extract produced ranged from 3.46% to 18.31%. Analysis variance (ANOVA), found the two factors that influence very significantly affected by pH and temperature, the interaction between pH and temperature; temperature and extraction time; interaction pH, temperature and extraction time. Statistical analysis shows that the linear model is significant with the value of R2 is 0.9763. There are four significant factors that influence the pectin yield obtained by 18.31% with a P value less than 0.05 (P <.05).
The behavior of Pesticide Usage and Risk of Health Disorders in Vegetable Farmers
Authors: Dewi Vien Sartika , Rivai Tenriola 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study aims to describe the behavior of pesticide usage and its effect on farmer health. Pesticide usage behavior includes indicators of storage behavior and application action. The farmers’ health is observed in the activity of cholinesterase blood and the symptoms of the disease. The study has occurred in March-August 2017 involving 60 vegetable farmers in Tinggimoncong District of Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Blood cholinesterase activity was measured by taking farmers’ blood samples. The results showed that farmers showed erroneous behavior in the use of pesticides such as throwing pesticide packaging in an unsafe place and not using the right personal protective equipment. Farmers are at risk for health problems due to mild levels of poisoning.
Texture Characteristics of Chips Produced by Hot Sand Frying
Authors: Jamaluddin  , Syam Husain , Mustarin Amirah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Frying can be performed both with oil and without oil. Hot sand frying is one of the methods of frying that does not use oil. Chips are often produced using this method, where heating takes place at high temperatures. During frying, heat transfers from the hot sand to the chips, causing the texture of the chips changes from soft to hard and crispy, followed by surface hardening. Unfortunately, there have not been many published papers focusing on this topic. Therefore, this study was aimed to study the changes in the texture of chips as the effect of hot sand frying. Chips are high in carbohydrate, and they were fried at 120-160°C for 10-25 s in a frying cylinder rotated at 35 rpm. Chemical and physical characteristics of the chips sample were analyzed before and after the frying process. Results show that there changes in texture characteristics of the chips during frying. It affected the hardness and crispiness of the chips due to the loss of moisture and changes in the carbohydrate. Thus, the texture changes model developed could be used to predict changes in the chips texture from hard to crispy, as a function of water evaporation and a decrease of carbohydrate content in the chips.
Analysis Test of Fine Aggregates at the Upstream of Jeneberang River
Authors: Asrib Ahmad Rifqi , Arfandi Anas , Dirawan Gufran D. , Haryadi Fajriana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to find out: 1) mining location distribution and 2) fine aggregate gradation originated from construction material mine locations located at the upstream of Bili-bili reservoir. The research combined descriptive and experimental research. Descriptive research was conducted to map the distribution and area of construction material mining, whereas experimental research was conducted to analyze fine aggregate gradation of materials originated from the mining areas. The research result indicated that 1) Lanna Village with two mining points, Tambang Luas and SP1, became the largest mining location with total mining area of more than 97 Ha. SP4 in Bontokassi Village was no longer became a mining area since it cannot be accessed by the miners; 2) Gradation analysis in mining materials based on fineness modulus for Tambang Luas, SP1, and SP3 locations were in a fine category. Whereas, SP2 and SP5 were in the rough category. Based on the aggregate zone, Tambang Luas, SP1, and SP3 were located in Zone 2 relatively rough materials, whereas SP2 and SP5 were in zone 1 rough.
Implementation of Open Innovation in The Small and Medium-Size enterprise (SMEs): A Literature Review
Authors: Farid Muhammad , Day Jen-Der 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study is a systematic literature review of three academic articles. It aims to investigate and explore the implementation of open innovation in SMEs. The review was conducted in three phases: (i) understanding the concept of innovation and open innovation; (ii) identifying references and (iii) exploring primary study which explains about the implementation of open innovation in SMEs. Finally, this paper examines how the concept of open innovation in SMEs is implemented in different countries. The result shows that open innovation in SMEs focus more on commercialization because marketing channels and global contacts to introduce them effectively to the market. Implementation of open innovation in SMEs has a significant impact to the company in the aspect of 1) motives and perceived challenges, 2) leadership, people, culture, and business improvement; 3) company size on the effectiveness of innovation endures.
Measurement of Level Content of Methane in Household Waste Based on Arduino and Gas Sensor
Authors: Harun Sabran F. , Sokku Saharuddin Ronge 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Household waste is an alternative energy source that is potential to be developed considering the continuously of production. Nevertheless, it is necessary to measure gas levels of waste as the effort to manage the waste effectively and efficiently. The design and manufacture of methane concentration gauges is the first step for this purpose. The tool is designed using Arduino and gas sensors as the main components. The measurement results are displayed on the LCD screen and picoscope measuring instrument. The sample used as a measuring object are decomposition of vegetables, liquid waste, and mixed waste. The measurement results show that the three types of waste show an increased concentration of methane gas, but the highest concentration of gas in vegetable waste.
Convective heat transfer in the near-wall turbulent gas stratum
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Trubaev P A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In order to diminish the computational cost of heat transfer simulations, some wall functions had been often introduced in numerical algorithms. More universal and robust dimensionless velocity functions that can be employed both in buffer and equilibrium parts of the near-wall turbulent gas stratum are offered here for consideration. They have been obtained on the basis of Prandtl’s semiempirical hypothesis of turbulence. A mode, how to determine the one-sided derivatives of the gas velocity and temperature at the wall surface on a coarse grid, has been substantiated. That allows applying the boundary conditions of Neumann and Robin type for differential equations of the convective heat transfer to the confining walls from the turbulent gas flow. A semiempirical formula for the eddy viscosity in the wall proximity has been deduced, and a valid boundary value has been determined also for the rate of turbulence-energy dissipation. It is demonstrated that the simulation results coincide sufficiently with experimental data.
Parametric model for predicting the reliability of heat power equipment of TPP
Authors: Sultanov M M , Truhanov V M , Gorban Yu A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Forecasting and ensuring the required high reliability level of heat power plants (thermal power plants) at a stage of their creation and operation is an important problem of economic value. For the solution of this problem in the present article the task is to develop such mathematical models of forecasting of reliability at all stages of life cycle of a thermal power plant from designing before removal from operation. It would be possible to reduce costs of realization of concrete actions. Parametrical mathematical models of growth of reliability have been developed for the solution of an objective. In particular two-parametrical, three-parametrical and multiple parameter models of growth of reliability have been developed and presented. For calculation of estimates of parameters of distribution standard programs are offered. All developed mathematical models of forecasting of reliability level are based on use of the statistical data obtained in the course of tests or operation of products analogs. Change of reliability level on five stages of life cycle of the power equipment of a thermal power plant is graphically shown in the article.
Mathematical and visual models of asynchronous electric machines energy fields
Authors: Kurillin S P , Denisov V N , Dli M I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The research considers the development of topological theory of asynchronous electric machines (AEM). The results of the development of energy aspects of the topological theory are presented in the article. The facts proving the actuality of the research are also given. The central notion giving the topological theory the characteristic of being systematic is the vector space notion. The definition of AEM vector space, its dimension, canonical basis, power and energy field of AEM are presented. Mathematical and visual models of AEM energy fields are analyzed. Energy fields of electric losses and magnetic field dissipation having the spherical symmetry are analyzed in particular. Energy and visual models of the main magnetic field are analyzed using AEM with a short circuited rotor and linear AEM as examples. It is established that this field obtains cylindrical or elliptical symmetry. In general the main magnetic field and the main matrix of winding make AEM vector space fully or partially heterogeneous. Energy efficiency is analyzed and its differences for vector space currents are revealed. The areas of vector spaces with high and low energy currents efficiency are defined. According to this indicator longitudinal and transvers subsets of current having, correspondingly, high and zero energy efficiency are distinguished in the vector space. The description of practical application spheres of AEM topological theory is given.
The thermal and physical aspects of designing facade heat insulation at capital repairs and reconstruction of civic buildings
Authors: Kosukhin M M , Kosukhin A M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The brief analysis of civic buildings condition has been presented in this paper. It has been demonstrated that at present the housing stock doesn’t meet the up-to-date heat engineering, energy saving and energy performance requirements. To create the necessary indoor climate of living accommodations and to provide the comfortable living environment, most of civic buildings, built at different times, are in need of large-scale reconstruction. The leading role in solving these problems is assigned to capital repairs. For its satisfactory implementation an integrated approach to repairs and construction works with the use of up-to-date energy-efficient technologies and materials is needed. The efficient heat insulation of en-closing structures should be preceded with professional engineering survey of structures and with providing the scientifically-grounded recommendations, based on present-day scientific achievements in this sphere, for the subsequent making of design specification. It has been pointed out that the economic and processing efficiency of the selection and installation of heat insulation can be achieved only by means of scientific approach and the knowledge of physical and chemical processes and phenomena, taking place in enclosing structures under the influence of internal and external operational environment.
The use of modern highly precise ultrasonic gas flowmeters and etalon stands to enlarge industrial resource efficiency
Authors: Velichko M A , Kostina I B , Gladkikh Yu P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article we have described our new development that is the ultrasonic flowmeter with high dynamic range of 1 to 2000 for industrial applications. Its high accuracy of measurement can help gas consuming enterprises to save resources. Its software and the software of corresponding computing device is able to avoid gas leakage, to minimize energy consumption and to save human resources while maintaining metrological data. Shown are the new anti-adhesion technologies that can help to increase measurement accuracy and enlarge interval between counters verifications. Described is the low power consumption that makes it possible to use this ultrasonic flowmeter in hard remote environment without direct management for a period of several months. Experiments held in Turkmenistan have shown that device indications didn’t drift and remained stable during the year that is a great advantage in comparison to rotary and turbine flowmeters. Also described is the mobile ultrasonic calibration stand that uses the same physical principles and similar software. Outlined is the usage of modern wireless technologies to collect and transmit metrological data.
Thermotechnical tests of the low power solid fuel heating boilers while incinerating briquetted RDF
Authors: Kornilova N V , Trubaev P A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective of this paper is an analysis of briquetted waste combustion in the low power boilers. Research was conducted for the 100 kW pyrolysis heating boiler and 200 kW heating boiler with grate stoker. Briquettes were made by compacting milled and crushed materials into cylinders 50 mm in diameter, with a length of 100-200 mm, density of 800 kg/M3. It was established that process of combustion in low power boilers has low thermal efficiency, value of which fluctuated within 60…74% for wood combustion and 50…70% for RDF briquettes combustion. Burning process was stable and characteristics of the RDF combustion were similar to the wood combustion. Incineration of the fuel briquettes had better effectiveness than burning of solid wood. During RDF briquettes combustion high CO content (up to 0,2% or 2000 ppm) in flue gas was observed, which is an indication of insufficient burning time. It may be concluded that waste incineration in low-duty plants is viable, but to secure complete combustion and desired temperatures process of combustion and heat extraction should be separate in terms of design.
Effective ways of molding man-made materials
Authors: Sevostyanov M V , Il’ina T N , Martakov I G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the development of multifunctional technological complexes for obtaining highly dispersed activated materials, including fast-hardening microfibrated composite mixtures. Special attention is paid to the development of conditions for their effective homogenization and the molding technology of various charges. Presented experimental design, aimed at improving the process of forming man-made mixtures. A low-tonnage technological complex for the utilization of technogenic materials with various physical-mechanical properties was developed. The urgency of the development of techniques and technology for the utilization of man-made materials by means of compaction when creating new high-tech industries is shown.
Microstructures and mechanical properties of tungsten-tantalum alloys consolidated by electron beam melting, hot pressing and spark plasma sintering
Authors: Dong F , Chen Y , Bai Z , Wang H , Jiang L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The effect of consolidation process conditions and the tungsten concentration on the microstructures and mechanical properties of tantalum–tungsten alloys has been investigated. Ta–10W (in weight percent) and Ta–20W (in weight percent) alloys have been consolidated by electron beam melting (EBM), hot pressing (HP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques. The results show that the tantalum–tungsten alloys consolidated by EBM exhibit the highest relative density while by HP or SPS exhibit smaller grain-size compared to that by EBM, which may be attributed from the lower process temperature and the existence of oxide on the grain boundary hindering the growth of grain. The alloys with fine grain size (HP or SPS) have a higher microhardness and compression strength than that with coarse grain size (SPS) under the same tungsten concentration. It has been shown that these two alloy systems exhibit a similar general trend of strength increasing and the ductility decreasing when applying different consolidation process, while an enhanced strength-ductility synergy can be achieved for the Ta–10W alloy.