bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analysis of aflatoxins produced by Aspregillus sp. in basic consumer grain (corn and rice) in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Husnan Latifa Al , Kahtani Muneera Al , Farag Randa Mohamed 
Published: February 2019

The food contaminants by aflatoxins are inevitable even when all precautions and good agricultural practices are applied. Samples of white rice and corn (yellow, red) grains were collected from different local markets and houses. Three Aspergillus flavus strain isolated were identified using molecular characterization of AFLR (aflR) toxin gene. DNA genome of the three A. flavus isolates (namely A. flavus _ YC; A. flavus _ RC; A. flavus _ Rice) which corresponds to isolates from, yellow corn, red corn and white rice respectively were used as a template for PCR to amplify Aspergillus flavus AFLR (aflR) toxin gene. Partially sequenced was amplified using a specific primer set to confirm its identity, phylogenetic relationships between the three isolates as well as determination of the corresponding antigenic determinants. The epitope prediction analysis demonstrated that there were 1, 2, 3 and 4 epitopes whose score were equal 1 in A. flavus _ YC; A. flavus _ RC; A. flavus _ Rice, respectively. Interestingly, there were great dissimilarity in the epitope sequences among the three isolates except in RLQEGGDDAAGIPA, SPPPPVETQGLGGD, RPSESLPSARSEQG and PAHNTYSTPHAHTQ were found to be similar between all isolates. This work articulates that the molecular identification and characterization of three A. flavus using Aspergillus flavus AFLR (aflR) toxin gene and the unique antigenic determinants that could be used for design of a broad-spectrum antibody for rapid detection of A. flavus in foods and support quality system of food safety.
Teaching and Implementing Ideation in Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Gonul Ozlem Ogutveren 
Published: February 2019

Idea creation is significant to all disciplines, yet it is even more crucial for entrepreneurs since the process of entrepreneurship requires new and novel ideas in all phases. Ideation should be taught and implemented in an intentional and systematic approach in order to increase the efficiency of idea generation in entrepreneurial activity. Systematic ideation is comprised of a series of steps including observation, building the right ideation team, using multiple thinking methods and idea generation methods together and validating the idea for further improvement. Many of the entrepreneurship programs teach students the process of entrepreneurship after the individual comes forth with an idea, focusing on developing personal skills and business models required for a successful venture. Little attention and focus is dedicated to the initial step of idea creation. Systematic approach to teaching and implementing ideation would fill this gap in entrepreneurship education and field.
The Validation of the Wheat Gluten ELISA Kit
Authors: Saito Eriko , Doi Hirotoshi , Kurihara Kei , Kato Kanako , Aburatani Kenichi , Shoji Masahiro , Naka Yutaka , Koerner Terry , Poepping Bert , Boison Joe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: It is important to analyze the presence of wheat/gluten in food to avoid wheat allergy or celiac disease. Objective: The Wheat/Gluten ELISA kit was developed to measure total wheat protein or gluten content in wheat, barley, and rye cereals as raw materials, and processed foods. Validation as to whether this kit is suitable for quantifying total wheat protein/gluten was carried out. Methods: The Wheat/Gluten ELISA kit was designed as a sandwich ELISA based on antigliadin polyclonal antibody. Selectivity, interference study, matrix study including incurred food, robustness, stability, and lot-to-lot consistency studies were conducted for the Wheat/Gluten ELISA kit. Incurred matrix studies were also conducted in an independent laboratory. Results: The analysis of 38 different substances revealed no cross-reactivity above the LOQ except for oats. Recoveries of the spiked samples were mostly in the range of 75–140%, including an independent laboratory result. The LOD of the ELISA was found to be 0.02–0.16 mg/kg. Robustness testing proved that extraction time and incubation time of first reaction and enzyme reaction had no significant influence on quantified value. The stability at 2–8°C was found to exceed 12 months. Good lot-to-lot consistency was observed. Conclusions: The Wheat/Gluten ELISA kit showed good analytical performance in the quantitative analysis of total wheat protein/gluten in the identified food products using the AOAC Performance Tested Method(s)SM program. Highlights: The Wheat/Gluten ELISA kit was validated and showed good analytical performance in the quantitative analysis of total wheat protein/gluten in food.
Negotiating the Ethical Conduct of Educational Research in an Institutional Review Board Space: Perspectives from a University in Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Ashenafi 
Published: February 2019

Some international researchers assume that there is a lack of ethical review of research in many countries of the Global South. However, numerous African countries have recently introduced local and national research ethics guidelines. This article unpacks how ethical reviews of research in education are negotiated in a higher education institution in Ethiopia. It employs a critical analytical lens to challenge some of the assumptions of Beaty’s (2010) Institutional Review Board (IRB) stakeholder model. The article begins with a discussion of the limitations inherent in the IRB model. Critical analyses of institutional documents and non-confidential, off-the-shelf IRB minutes are also conducted. The analysis shows that researchers within the medical and health sciences disciplines have well established organizational engagement when it comes to handling issues related to research ethics. However, the limited representation of the educational and social and behavioral science disciplines remains a challenge. Furthermore, ethical issues in conducting educational research are hardly addressed in the national guidelines for granting research ethics approval. This results in further marginalisation of the contributions of educational research to knowledge production. Certains chercheurs internationaux présument un manque de suivi éthique de la recherche dans plusieurs pays du Sud. Cependant, de nombreux pays d’Afrique ont récemment mis en place des recommandations au niveau local et national en ce qui concerne l’éthique de la recherche. Le présent article analyse comment le suivi éthique de la recherche en sciences de l’éducation est mené dans un établissement d’enseignement supérieur en Ethiopie. Adoptant un point de vue analytique critique, il remet en question certains présupposés du modèle de l’Institutional Review Board (IRB – comité d’éthique de la recherche) de Beaty (2010) basé sur la théorie des parties prenantes. L’article commence par considérer les limites du modèle de l’Institutional Review Board. Des analyses critiques sont également menées à partir de documents institutionnels et de comptes-rendus disponibles et non confidentiels de réunions de l’Institutional Review Board. Cette recherche démontre que les chercheurs en médecine et sciences de la santé ont des positions clairement établies et propres aux organismes auxquels ils appartiennent, qui leur permettent de faire face aux questions d’éthique de la recherche. Cependant, la sous-représentation des sciences de l’éducation, des sciences sociales et des sciences comportementales demeure problématique. De plus, les questions éthiques qui se posent dans la recherche en sciences de l’éducation sont à peine abordées dans les directives nationales qui permettent d’obtenir l’approbation du comité d’éthique de la recherche. Cela a pour conséquence d’éloigner un peu plus les contributions de la recherche en sciences de l’éducation de la production du savoir.
Tak til bidragsydere i 2018
Authors: Petersen Mikkel 
Published: February 2019

TAK til den faglige følgegruppe
Annette Jakobsen
Christian Backer-Mogensen
Christian Skjærbæk
Erika Christensen
Finn Erland Nielsen
Hans Kirkegaard
Jette Møller Ahrensberg
Karin Bundgaard Mikkelsen
Ole Mølgaard
Thomas Andersen Schmidt

TAK til reviewere
Christian Backer-Mogensen
Christian SkjærbækHanne Arildsen
Erika Christensen
Finn Erland Nielsen
Gerhard Tiwald
Hans Kirkegaard
Jette Møller Ahrensberg
Karin Bundgaard Mikkelsen
Lars Rasmussen
Nikolaj Raaber
Ole Mølgaard
Peter Hallas
Thomas Andersen Schmidt

TAK til redaktionen
Nuværende
Marie Jessen
Julie Mackenhauer
Gitte Boier Tygesen
Mikkel Heide Petersen
Tidligere medlemmer
Karin Dam Eikhof
Karin Bundgaard Mikkelsen

TAK til forfattere
Jeppe Henriksen
Carl Mathias Karlsson
Peter Hallas
Dan Brun Petersen
Marie Jessen
Julie Mackenhauer
Jeanette Wassar Kirk
Per Nilsen
Sabina Bay Hermansen
Tim Alex Lindskou
Nikolaj Raaber
Janna Maria Borg
Matthias Giebner
Halfdan Lauridsen
Emil Ejersbo Iversen
Marie-Laure Jacobsson
Anne Grethe Mølbak

Og ikke mindst en stor tak til TrygFonden for at støtte tidskriftet!
Kolofon
Authors: Johannsen Carl Gustav , Kristiansson Michael 
Published: February 2019

1. udgave, december 1992 ISBN 87-88524-33-7 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Carl Gustav Johannsen og Michael KristianssonAnsvarshavende: Carl Gustav Johannsen og Michael Kristiansson Layout: Bruno Kjær Billedkunst: Steffen Tast
Kolofon
Authors: Hummelshøj Marianne 
Published: February 2019

1. udgave, december 1998 ISBN 87-88524-58-2 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Marianne Hummelshøj Bo Gerner NielsenAnsvarshavende: Marianne Hummelshøj Layout: Bruno Kjær Billedkunst: Poul Anker Bech
Kolofon
Authors: Hummelshøj Marianne 
Published: February 2019

1. udgave, marts 2000 ISBN 87-88524-64-7 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen Marianne Lykke Nielsen Erik Thorlund Jepsen Marianne Hummelshøj HolmAnsvarshavende: Marianne Hummelshøj Layout: Bruno Kjær Billedkunst: Mille Søndergaard
Kolofon
Authors: Schaltz Pernille 
Published: February 2019

1. udgave, september 2000 ISBN 87-88524-65-5 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen Marianne Lykke Nielsen Erik Thorlund Jepsen Marianne HummelshøjAnsvarshavende: Pernille Schaltz Layout: Bruno Kjær Billedkunst: Lene Frederiksen
Kolofon
Authors: Nielsen Marianne Lykke 
Published: February 2019

1. udgave, januar 2001 ISBN 87-88524-66-3 ISSN 0106-2514 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen Marianne Lykke Nielsen Erik Thorlund Jepsen Marianne Hummelshøj Ansvarshavende: Marianne Lykke Nielsen Layout: Bruno Kjær Billedkunst: Steen Rasmussen
Kolofon
Authors: Nielsen Hans Jørn 
Published: February 2019

TEMA: Biblioteksskolens Ph.D.-studier1. udgave, oktober 2001 ISBN 87-88524-69-8 ISSN 0106-2514 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen Marianne Lykke Nielsen Erik Thorlund Jepsen Marianne HummelshøjAnsvarshavende: Erik Thorlund Jepsen Layout og grafik: Bruno Kjær
Kolofon
Authors: Borlund Pia 
Published: February 2019

1. udgave, januar 2002 ISBN 87-88524-70-1 ISSN 0106-2514 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen Marianne Lykke Nielsen Erik Thorlund Jepsen Marianne Hummelshøj Camilla MoringAnsvarshavende: Pia Borlund Layout og grafik: Bruno Kjær
Kolofon
Authors: Thellefsen Martin 
Published: February 2019

TEMA: Vidensorganisation1. udgave, marts 2003 ISBN 87-88524-73-6 © Forfatterne Redaktion: Hans Jørn Nielsen Marianne Lykke Nielsen Erik Thorlund Jepsen Marianne hummelshøj Camilla Moring Redaktør af dette nummer Martin Thellefsen Layout: Bruno Kjær Billedkunst: Mille Søndergaard
Kolofon
Authors: Andersen Jack 
Published: February 2019

Kolofon2. årgang, nr. 3, udgivet marts 2014 ISSN 2245-2931 ISSN (online) 2245-294X © Forfatterne og Det Informationsvidenskabelige Akademi. Det er tilladt at kopiere frit til privat brug med tydelig kildeangivelse. Kopiering i større omfang til undervisningsbrug o.l. kan kun ske efter indhentning af forfatternes og IVA’s tilladelse eller i henhold til kopieringsaftale med Copy-Dan.Redaktion: Jack Andersen (ansvh.) Trine Schreiber Nanna Kann-Rasmussen Redaktører af dette nummer: Jack Andersen og Niels D. LundLayout: Bruno Kjær Illustrationer til dette nummer: Bruno Kjær: "Brændte bøger"
CAMBIO TECNOLÓGICO, PRIVATIZACIÓN Y RECUPERACIÓN DE LA AUTOGESTIÓN COMUNITARIA DEL RIEGO. EL CASO DE SENYERA (VALÈNCIA)
Authors: Sanchis-Ibor Carles , Boelens Rutgerd , García-Mollá Marta 
Published: February 2019

Los procesos de cambio de tecnología del riego están facilitando la penetración silenciosa de la empresa privada en los sistemas de gestión colectiva del riego en numerosos lugares de España y otros países mediterráneos. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno a partir del caso de estudio de Senyera (València), siguiendo la privatización, la disputa y la posterior recolectivización de la gestión por parte de los usuarios del riego. El trabajo muestra como la privatización menoscaba la autonomía de los agricultores y eleva los costes de gestión en un contexto de escasa transparencia. También revela la capacidad de los regantes para reelaborar su pasada acción colectiva, dando lugar a una nueva forma de autogestióncreativa.
FLORES, ACAPARAMIENTO DEL AGUA Y RESPONSABILIDAD EMPRESARIAL SOCIAL: CERTIFICACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE ROSAS Y RECLAMOS POR LA JUSTICIA AMBIENTAL EN EL ECUADOR
Authors: Mena-Vásconez Patricio , Vos Jeroen , Van Ommen Pippi , Boelens Rutgerd 
Published: February 2019

La producción comercial de flores, el acaparamiento del agua y las luchas sociales por un reparto equitativo y un ambiente sano tienen una estrecha relación. Ecuador es el tercer exportador mundial de rosas. Cayambe-Tabacundo es la principal zona de producción y presenta una fuerte presión sobre los recursos hídricos. El agua es acaparada por las grandes empresas florícolas, quedando el resto para agricultura/ganadería de subsistencia en comunidades indígenas. Las florícolas utilizan las certificaciones ambientales y de comercio justo privadas, pero los estándares son permisivos. Este artículo analiza las relaciones de poder detrás de las prácticas de certificación de flores. Concluye que solo tras la presión de agencias gubernamentales, ONGs y asociaciones de usuarios, las empresas florícolas comenzaron a cumplir los estándares.
TRPV1 protects renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in diet-induced obese mice by enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow
Authors: Zhong Beihua , Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundObesity is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Using transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 knockout (TRPV1−/−) mice, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 protects against obesity-induced exacerbation of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.MethodsTRPV1−/−and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a chow or Western diet (WD) for 22–23 weeks. After that, mice were subjected to renal I/R injury, and renal cortical blood flow (CBF) and medullary blood flow (MBF) were measured.ResultsThe Western diet significantly increased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels in both TRPV1−/−and WT mice. WD-induced impairment of glucose tolerance was worsened in TRPV1−/−mice compared with WT mice. WD intake prolonged the time required to reach peak reperfusion in the cortex and medulla (bothP< 0.05), decreased the recovery rate of CBF (P< 0.05) and MBF (P< 0.05), and increased blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and urinary 8-isoprostane levels after I/R in both mouse strains, with greater effects in TRPV1−/−mice (allP< 0.05). Renal I/R increased calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in WT but not in TRPV1−/−mice, and WD attenuated CGRP release in WT mice. Moreover, blockade of CGRP receptors impaired renal regional blood flow and renal function in renal I/R injured WT mice.ConclusionThese results indicate that TRPV1 plays a protective role in WD-induced exacerbation of renal I/R injury probably through enhancing CGRP release and increasing renal blood flow.
Massive in vitro Cloning of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) via Cultured Nodal Segments
Authors: Bele D. , Mishra Nishi , Tiwari Sushma , Tripathi M. K. , Tiwari G. 
Published: February 2019

Nodal segments of sandalwood were cultured on MS medium amended with different plant growth regulators in varying concentrations to search out higher in vitro response leading to plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and/or organogenesis. Higher proportion of direct somatic embryogenesis, number(s) of somatic embryo per explant and plantlet regeneration via direct organogenesis were recorded on MS medium supplemented with a moderate concentration of TDZ (1.0 mgl-1) in combination with comparatively a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1). A relative higher concentration of BAP (1.0-2.0 mgl-1) in combination with a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1) promoted frequency of indirect somatic embryogenesis. Ratio of organ formation directly from surface of cultured explants was recovered from culture medium fortified with a higher concentration of BA at the concentration of 4.0 mgl-1 in combination with a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 mgl-1). Maximum plantlets regenerated via somatic embryogenesis (direct and/or indirect) on regeneration medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1TDZ in combination with 1.0 mg l-1GA3, while plantlets in higher frequencies via indirect organogenesis was attained with regeneration medium amended with comparatively lower concentration of TDZ (1.0 mg l-1) in combination with 0.5 mgl-1 GA3 and 0.5 mgl-1 NAA. The plantlets were transferred to pots and hardened in Environmental Growth Cabinet and Net House during preliminary weaning period and transferred to field successfully. Morphologically normal plants were recovered.
Natural Regeneration in Tropical Rainforest, Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Estigarribia Fabiana , Silva Joselane Príscila Gomes da , Cândido Paulo Fernando Rodrigues , Silva Nelio Domingos Da , Silva João Antonio Tanajura , Chaves Lúcia de Fatima de Carvalho 
Published: February 2019

Aims: To evaluate the shrub-tree species of natural regeneration in a remnant of Tropical Rain Forest, located in the northeastern region of Brazil.
Study Design: Systematic sampling.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in a remnant of Tropical Rainforest, categorized as a Forest of Miritiba Wildlife Refuge, located in the municipality of Abreu and Lima, distant approximately 42 km from the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The area has approximately 273.40 ha. The data were collected in November 2016.
Methodology: The data were collected in 12 plots (25 m² each) allocated in 3 transects of 100 m in length, equidistant 50 m from each other, perpendicular to the edge of the weir located inside the fragment. The inclusion level established was a minimum height of 1.0 m and a base circumference at 30.0 cm from the ground (CAB 0.30 m) ≤ 15.0 cm. Three height classes (H) were considered, where Class I included individuals with 1.0 ≤ H ≤ 2.0 m; Class II with 2.0 <H <3.0 m and Class III with H> 3.0 m and CAP <15.0 cm.
Results: A total of 41 species belonging to 24 botanical families and 31 genus were recorded, representing a density of 8,867 ind.ha-1. The five richest families were Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae Anacardiaceae and Sapindaceae. The species with the highest estimated densities were Protium heptaphyllum, Erythroxylum mucronatum and Hirtella racemosa.
Conclusion: Among the species sampled in the regenerating component, which presented higher density and can be used for enrichment of areas in recovery process are Protium heptaphyllum, Erythroxylum mucronatum, Hirtella racemosa, Myrcia tomentosa and Eschweilera ovata.
Ophthalmic Findings and Their Effect on Visual Function in Persons with Albinism in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ibanga Ihunanya , Pedro-Egbe Chinyere N. , Onua Alfred A. , Fiebai Bassey 
Published: February 2019

Aim: To determine the pattern of ocular disorders in persons with albinism and how they affect visual function.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a five-month period on persons living with albinism in Southern Nigeria. The study participants were randomly selected during the monthly meetings of a support group known as The Albinism Foundation (TAF).Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were assessed using the ETDRS visual acuity chart and Pelli Robson contrast sensitivity test chart. A comprehensive eye examination including dilated fundoscopy was also carried out to determine other ocular disorders. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and statistical significance was set at a p-value ≤ 0.05.
Results: A total of 116 PWA (232 eyes) were examined. There were 44 (37.9%) males and 72 (62.1%) females. The age of the study subjects ranged from 5 to 56 years. Most eyes were visually impaired for both distance (n=228; 98.3%) and near vision (n= 224; 96.6%). Contrast sensitivity in most eyes (n=138; 59.5%) was subnormal. With refraction and Low Vision Aid (LVA), there was significant improvement of the mean VA by 2-3 acuity lines and 6 acuity lines respectively (p=0.000). All the examined eyes had fundus hypo-pigmentation, 91.4% (n=212) had iris trans-illumination, 86.2% (n=200) had nystagmus, and 34.4% (n=80) had strabismus. Nystagmus, strabismus and iris trans-illumination significantly (p=0.00) reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.
Conclusion: Most study participants had reduced distance visual acuity and contrast sensitivity but with correction there was a significant improvement in vision. The presence of nystagmus, strabismus and iris trans-illumination were observed to contribute to the poor vision experienced by most persons living with albinism. Hence, early optical intervention and counselling is important in improving the quality of living of persons with albinism.
Primitive Scottish Bells
Authors: Wilson Daniel 
Published: February 2019

A rebuttal by Dr. Daniel Wilson of a paper printed in vol. iv of the Archaeologia Scotica (but which was originally given in 1827), which attributed a Scandinavian origin to the Buidhean or Bell of Strowan. Dr. Wilson relates several local legends that were attached to the Bell of Strowan as well as others like it. Given the number of Scottish religious sites with which these bells are associated, many of them pre-dating the Scandinavian invasion of the island, Dr. Wilson concludes that these must be native objects.

Meetings minutes for January 12, 1852 are appended.
On some ancient Greek Medical Vases for containing Lykion; &c., and on the modern use of the same drug in India
Authors: Simpson James Young 
Published: February 2019

Professor James Young Simpson, with apologies for an article about Greek antiquities rather than Scottish ones, wrote an article to bring attention to several examples of Greek medical vases with inscriptions referring to lycium, a medicine that he found mention of in Galen and Dioscorides, among others. The professor wished to remark on the bottles because there was so little material evidence of Ancient Greek medical practices, in comparison especially with Ancient Roman medicine.

The meeting minutes for March 8, 1852 are appended on, mainly a list of donations mades to the Society.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Development, Mechanistic Understanding and Recent Advances
Authors: James Jinju , Jackson Mark , Guiry Patrick J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation (DAAA) is comprehensively reviewed, from its original development to recent advances in terms of substrate scope, reactivity, regio‐ and enantioselectivity. The current understanding of the mechanistic details, based on a combination of experimental and computational studies, is described. Selected examples of the application of this asymmetric synthetic methodology in natural product synthesis are given. The exploration of Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative asymmetric catalysis, in particular, the related interceptive decarboxylative asymmetric allylic alkylation, has become a focus in recent years and this is also summarized.magnified image