bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some misconceptions about infantile autism
Authors: Pletz E. B. 
Published: August 2019

Recent studies throw light on certain widespread misconceptions about infantile autism and offer rational alteratives:(a) Autism should not be considered a disturbance in affective contact but a cognitive and perceptual difficulty. This difficulty, rather than social withdrawal, is the central feature of the disorder. Linguistic and problem solving studies tend to confirm this probability.(b) Pre-occupation with hand flapping and spinning objects in autistic children does not require interpretation, as recent neurological studies indicate the strong probability of a neurological basis for this tendency.(c) A highly permissive approach is not likely to help the autistic child and may intensify atavistic behaviours. To hold parents of autistic children culpable is unjustified. Progress in therapy and in the home is probably related to a systematic use of reinforcement.(d) The absence of speech by the age of five years no longer means a hopeless prognosis, as operant conditioning allows speech to be learned after this age. Dealing with autism as a cognitive dysfunction, Rimland23 emphasises the child's inability to comprehend his environment and to integrate his sensations, while Rutter29 shows the similarity between autism and receptive aphasia. He claims that social withdrawal is secondary to language difficulties in autism. For this reason and because the autistic child seems unable to learn under ordinary circumstances, it seems that reinforcement therapy practised within the framework of speech therapy would show the best results. Operant conditioning has been unjustly attacked on many accounts, but the hopeful prognosis and breadth of applicability it offers should be a spur towards dissipation of these misconceptions.
The investigation of the disintegration of phonemic discrimination on a perception and production level in adults with aphasia
Authors: Levinsohn J. 
Published: August 2019

As more stress is being placed on the auditory disability of aphasics, the validity of dividing aphasic symptoms into expressive and receptive disorders is queried. The reflex-arc seems too simple a configuration to explain the complex functioning and breakdown of language. It is postulated that the auditory disorder is basic to aphasic symptoms on the level of understanding as well as that of production of language. Thus, if an aphasic patient shows a breakdown in the perception of phonemes, it seems likely that the auditory imperception will affect the production of the same phonemes. Aphasic subjects were presented with tests of phonemic discrimination on a perceptual and a production level and the similarity of phonemic errors was noted. The results of the experiment seemed to indicate that^a' hearing loss did not account for the subject's phonemic disintegration. However, it was not possible to control certain factors thus this result is not conclusive. The similarity between errors on an input level and those on an output level was poor, according to the result of the perception and production tests used in the study. However, despite the inadequacies of the tests used, all subjects showed'some degree of similarity and this tends to support the hypothesis. The errors in phonemic discrimination indicated by both perception and production tests were not random and inconsistent, but followed a trend. It was noted that the severity of the aphasic symptoms seemed closely linked with the degree of phonemic breakdown. Also, the subjects tested showed a significant similarity between auditory-type aphasic symptoms and phonemic discriminatory symptoms. Little similarity existed between phonemic errors in isolation and in spontaneous speech.
'n Kommunikatiefgefundeerde ondersoek na bepaalde waarnemingsverskynsels by disfemie
Authors: Hugo René 
Published: August 2019

Hierdie studieprojek stel hom ten doel die bestudering van bepaalde ouditiewe waarnemingsvermoëns by disfemie, soos gesien vanuit 'n kommumkatiewe oogpunt. Eksperiment 1: stel hom ten doel die bepaling van suiwertoonsensitiwiteit en spraakdiskriminasievermoëns van 'n groep van 10 hakkelaars, en die vergelyking van hierdie gegewens met 'n kontrole groep nie-hakkelaars. Die resultaat dui op 'n betekenisvolle verskil, tussen die suiwertoondrempelwaardes van die regterore van die hakkelaars en nie-hakkelaars en kan moontlik in verband gebring word met sowel terugvoeringsafwykings as gehoordominansieteorieë.Eksperiment 2: beoog die bepaling van waarnemingsdrempels van neutrale en negatiewe woorde (woorde waarop gewoonlik gehakkel word) by 'n groep hakkelaars, en die vergelyking hiervan met 'n aantal nie-hakkelaars. Die resultate toon 'n betekenisvolle verskil tussen hierdie 2 lyste vir die hakkelaars, maar nie vir die vlotsprekers nie. Ter verklaring kan aangevoer word dat die hakkelaars, op grond van emosionele kwaliteite verbonde aan die negatiewe woorde, hierdie woorde makliker waarneem as die vlotspreker, waarskynlik deur gebruik te maak van perseptuele verdedigingsmeganismes soos perseptuele ingestemdheid. Eksperiment 3: is gerig op die bepaling van die bestaan van onwaarneembaarheid van betekenisvolle stimuli by die hakkelaar tydens die hakkelpenode. Geen sodanige verskynsel kan betekenisvol aangetoon word nie, hoewel daar in die bespreking daarop gewys is dat 'n verandering in die eksperimentele prosedures nogtans so 'n fenomeen kan uitwys. In sy geheel gesien, is daar dus in hierdie studieprojek bepaalde waarnemings- abnormaliteite by die disfemie aangetoon wat nie by die vlotspreker gevind kan word nie. Hierdie abnormaliteite dui essensieel op 'n wyer siening van disfemie nl., as 'n komplekse, kommunikatiewe probleem.
Cohomology of Modules Over -categories and Co--categories
Authors: Balodi Mamta , Banerjee Abhishek , Ray Samarpita 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLet$H$be a Hopf algebra. We consider$H$-equivariant modules over a Hopf module category${\mathcal{C}}$as modules over the smash extension${\mathcal{C}}\#H$. We construct Grothendieck spectral sequences for the cohomologies as well as the$H$-locally finite cohomologies of these objects. We also introduce relative$({\mathcal{D}},H)$-Hopf modules over a Hopf comodule category${\mathcal{D}}$. These generalize relative$(A,H)$-Hopf modules over an$H$-comodule algebra$A$. We construct Grothendieck spectral sequences for their cohomologies by using their rational$\text{Hom}$objects and higher derived functors of coinvariants.
12 Grand challenges in single-cell data science
Authors: Laehnemann David , Köster Johannes , Szcureck Ewa , McCarthy Davis , Hicks Stephanie C , Robinson Mark D , Vallejos Catalina A , Beerenwinkel Niko , Campbell Kieran R , Mahfouz Ahmed , Pinello Luca , Skums Pavel , Stamatakis Alexandros , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Aparicio Samuel , Baaijens Jasmijn , Balvert Marleen , de Barbanson Buys , Cappuccio Antonio , Corleone Giacomo , Dutilh Bas , Florescu Maria , Guryev Victor , Holmer Rens , Jahn Katharin , Jessurun Lobo Thamar , Keizer Emma M , Khatri Indu , Kiełbasa Szymon M , Korbel Jan O , Kozlov Alexey M , Kuo Tzu-Hao , Lelieveldt Boudewijn PF , Mandoiu Ion I , Marioni John C , Marschall Tobias , Mölder Felix , Niknejad Amir , Rączkowski Łukasz , Reinders Marcel , de Ridder Jeroen , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Somarakis Antonios , Stegle Oliver , Theis Fabian J , Yang Huan , Zelikovsky Alex , McHardy Alice C , Raphael Benjamin J , Shah Sohrab P , Schönhuth Alexander 
Published: August 2019

The recent upswing of microfluidics and combinatorial indexing strategies, further enhanced by very low sequencing costs, have turned single cell sequencing into an empowering technology; analyzing thousands—or even millions—of cells per experimental run is becoming a routine assignment in laboratories worldwide. As a consequence, we are witnessing a data revolution in single cell biology. Although some issues are similar in spirit to those experienced in bulk sequencing, many of the emerging data science problems are unique to single cell analysis; together, they give rise to the new realm of 'Single Cell Data Science'.
Here, we outline twelve challenges that will be central in bringing this new field forward. For each challenge, the current state of the art in terms of prior work is reviewed, and open problems are formulated, with an emphasis on the research goals that motivate them.
This compendium is meant to serve as a guideline for established researchers, newcomers and students alike, highlighting interesting and rewarding problems in 'Single Cell Data Science' for the coming years.
Physicochemical Parameters and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Coffee
Authors: Omer Eltigani Osman Musa , Labib Osama Ahmed , Zafar Mubashir 
Published: August 2019

Background and Objective: Coffee is one of the common drinks in Middle Eastern countries including Saudi Arabia due to its desirable aroma, taste and putative positive physiological functions. The concentration of metals is commonly present in coffee powder. The presence of heavy metal concentration in different brands of coffee powder available in Saudi Arabia market has been analyzed.
Methods: Thirteen different coffee brands were selected in different markets, all assessment was carried out in advanced instruments such as Inductively Coupled Plasma and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. There are 14 metals which divide into seven non toxic and seven toxic metals were analyzed. Non toxic metals are calcium (Ca), iron (Fe),magnesium (Mg), Magnese (Mn), Potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and toxic metals are arsenic (Ar), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony and cadmium (Cd).
Results: The mean and standard deviation of non-toxic and toxic metals concentration in different samples of coffee were as follows: Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P and Na were 24.87±6.76, 6.670±4.88, 235.98±100.05, 407.02±22.56, 8.63±10.14, 0.01±0.01, 333.86±247.35 respectively. Toxic metals concentration were as Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Si, Zn were 11.04±10.03, 0.80 ±2.52, 2.43±3.02, 0.07±0.11, 7.57±9.26, 23.48±27.32 and 1.853±1.66 respectively. These concentration values were high compared to threshold limit values (TLVs) of metals.
Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that coffee powder had high concentration of heavy toxic metals which is the major public health problem. Thus, quality control for food safety recommended during production of coffee.
Genetic Divergence Studies in Ailanthus excelsa Using D2 Analysis
Authors: Kanna S. Umesh , Krishnakumar N. , Jailani K. Md. Mohideen Abdul Kather 
Published: August 2019

Aims: To estimate the genetic diversity studies among the biometric attributes of 30 progenies in Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
Place and Duration of Study: The study has conducted at Forest College and Research Institute, TNAU, Mettupalayam during 2015-2018.
Methodology: The D2 statistics was adopted for the estimation of genetic divergence. Using D2 statistical results, the clustering of progenies was done. The progenies were grouped into different clusters using ‘GENERES’ statistical package on the basis of D2 values according to Tocher’s method as suggested by Rao.
Results: The 30 progeny of Ailanthus excelsa has grouped into nine clusters and among the nine clusters, the cluster IV has ten progenies. The maximum intra cluster distance was exhibited by the cluster VIII followed by cluster IV. The maximum inter cluster distance was in cluster III which indicated the presence of wider genetic distance between Ailanthus excelsa progenies. Among the growth attributes, volume index contributed maximum percentage towards genetic divergence.
Conclusion: The results of 30 progeny of Ailanthus excels showed the presence of wider genetic distance between Ailanthus excelsa progenies.
A Comparative Evaluation of Selected Medicinal Plants on Male Fertility Indices (Reproductive Hormones and Sperm Profile) of Albino Wistar Rats: An Animal Case Study
Authors: E. Ngwu Oliver , Okoye J. I. 
Published: August 2019

The study aims to investigate the effects of the medicinal plants {seeds} on the reproductive hormones and sperm profile of male albino rats to ascertain their possible usefulness as fertility agent. Walnuts [Tetracarpidium conophorum], Sesame (Sesamine indicum), and Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) seeds were obtained and taken to the Department of plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). The seeds were milled into fine powder. One hundred and ten sexually matured aibino rats of about twelve weeks weighing 130-180 g were divided into eleven groups (1-11) using completely randomized design. There were two different control groups and rats in group 1 served as the Control 1 and were fed with normal commercial feed. Rats in group 2 were administered with a drug (Ketoconazole) to induce infertility. The Infertility Induced groups were treated with low dose (groups 3-5), medium dose (groups 6-8) and high dose (9-11) for the period of nine (9) weeks. At the end and testes and Epididymides were surgically removed and weighed. Blood sample analysis revealed that the concentration of sex hormones measured in the male rats fed with medium plants (seeds) showed that the testosterone concentration significanty increased (p<0.05) in animal control group 1(normal rats) Therefore, these medicinal plants walnut seeds showed significant increase in their testosterone concentration, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) which significantly enhanced the production of reproductive hormones which enriched the fertility status of these animals.
The Relationship between Hospital Occupational Stress and Prevalence of Depression in Nurses Working in Ilam Hospitals
Authors: Roughani Alireza , Shaidaei Mehdi Fallah Bagher , Rohani Akram , Delpishe Ali , Sharifi Zahra , Ahmadzadeh AmirAbbas 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Long-term stress can also lead to mental disorders such as anxiety, depression and physical burnout. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hospital occupational stress and prevalence of depression among nurses working in Ilam hospitals.
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population includes the staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital and martyr Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam. The study was conducted using a census method. The criteria for entering the individuals were their willingness to participate in this study. The subjects were included in the study with complete satisfaction. Demographic questionnaires, standard questionnaires for occupational stress (HSI), and Beck Depression Inventory were used. Questionnaires were distributed to pre-trained individuals. The data was extracted and analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The findings of this study showed that 31.8% of the samples had a degree of depression. In this study, the rate of depression in men is higher than that of women. According to the results, occupational stress and environmental stress in nursing women were more than men. There is a significant relationship between job stress and stress associated with life with depression (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively).
Conclusion: The results of this study always emphasize the point that attention should be paid to stress and stressful occupation of nursing and to think about it and to take preventive measures. Because of the stress of the valve towards all mental illnesses In the event of manpower and the work of a community, it can cause many problems and costs for the individual and society and reduce the quality of the services provided by the nurses.
Viral Aetiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalised Adult Patients in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: N'chott Sandrine Michele Anne Sopi , Kadjo Herve , Koné Alima , N'tapke Marius Adagba , Horo Klinignan , Kacou-N'douba Adele , Djaman Joseph Alico , Faye-Kette Hortense 
Published: August 2019

Aims: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Although information is available on pneumonia in children, the incidence in adults in many parts of Africa including Côte d'Ivoire is unknown. Knowledge of local etiologic agents of pneumonia is critical for making reasonable decisions about treatment as differences in etiology may result in poor response to therapy chosen to cover common pathogenic microbes in studies done in high countries of income.
The objective of this study was to identify the viral etiology of pneumonia in adult patients with pneumonia in Abidjan, Côte d 'Ivoire.
Study Design: This is a prospective experimental study conducted on the basis of the successive recruitment of patients admitted to hospital for severe pulmonary interstitial pneumonitis confirmed by radio or CT scan of the thorax.
Place and Duration of Study: Pneumophtisiology department (PPH) of the University Hospital Center of Cocody (Côte d'Ivoire) and laboratory of Bacteriology- Virology of Pasteur Institut of Côte d’Ivoire, between February 2016 and October 2017.
Methodology: Among all admitted patients in the unit of pneumophtisiology (PPH) of the hospital University, 90 patients aged at least 18 years were pre-included. A total of 33 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) samples from adults suspected of pneumonia were analyzed. The viruses were identified by the real-time multiplex reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results: Of the 33 BAL samples tested, 18.2% (6/33) viral agents were detected. Parainfluenza-3 PV-3 was the most prevalent virus (57.1%, 4/7), followed by coronavirus OC43 (14.3%, 1/7), coronavirus HKUI (14.3%, 1/7). ) and human rhinovirus (14.3%, 1/7).
A virus and virus association was detected, which was PV-3 associated with coronavirus HKUI (14.3%, 1/7).
Conclusion: The viral etiology of pneumonia is not very frequent in Côte d’Ivoire.
Analysis on design method and energy consumption for high thermal performance housings
Authors: Maruyama Shoei , Mori Taro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, construction techniques for thick insulation and high airtightness have advanced in Hokkaido, Japan. As a result, there are many houses which surpass the current standards. Several municipalities encourage the construction of these houses by granting subsidies to the owners. One of the subsidies is called Sapporo Eco‐e House. The purpose of this research is to analyze the design method of these houses with thick insulation and high air‐tightness under the Sapporo Eco‐e House subsidy. We also analyzed whether the design methods were able to effectively save energy consumption. This work will contribute to develop the next method for energy‐efficient houses.
Improved Interyarn Friction, Impact Response, and Stab Resistance of Surface Fibrilized Aramid Fabric
Authors: Nasser Jalal , Steinke Kelsey , Groo LoriAnne , Sodano Henry A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImprovement of the ballistic performance of aramid fabric is an important topic in the study of soft body armors, especially with their increasing use in such applications over the past decades. To enhance and tailor the performance of fabrics, having control over one of its primary energy absorption mechanisms, interyarn friction, is required. Here, a recently reported surface fibrilization method is exploited and optimized to improve interyarn friction in aramid fabrics. Through tow pullout testing of fibrilized fabrics, the fibrilization treatment is shown to provide up to seven times higher pullout energy and six times higher peak load. To correlate the effects of the treatment on the ballistic response, impact tests are conducted on treated fabric targets using a gas gun setup. The fibrilized fabrics displayed a 10 m s‐1 increase in V50 velocity, compared to that of untreated fabrics, while retaining its original flexibility and mechanical strength. Similarly, the fibrilization treatment also resulted in 230% improvement in depth of penetration when dynamically stabbed using a spike impactor. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed surface fibrilization treatment as a fast and cost‐effective technique to improve the ballistic and stab performance of aramid‐based soft body armors.
Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Synthesis of Sulfur‐Containing Heterocycles Using Carbon Disulfide as a Building Block
Authors: Gan Ziyu , Yan Qiuli , Li Guoqing , Li Qin , Dou Xiaomeng , Li Guang‐Yao , Yang Daoshan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the successful development of an efficient domino method for the synthesis of C‐3 sulfenylated imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives applying carbon disulfide as a readily available, cheap and easy‐to‐handle building block. Most importantly, a single copper catalyst mediates two type reactions and three chemical bonds are formed in a one‐pot organic transformation. The developed method provids an attractive alternative approach to various potentially bioactive sulfur‐containing heterocycles, and will find broad applicability in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry.magnified image
Ultra‐Stretchable Porous Fiber‐Shaped Strain Sensor with Exponential Response in Full Sensing Range and Excellent Anti‐Interference Ability toward Buckling, Torsion, Temperature, and Humidity
Authors: Yu Yunfei , Zhai Yue , Yun Zhigeng , Zhai Wei , Wang Xiaozheng , Zheng Guoqiang , Yan Chao , Dai Kun , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs a crucial element for wearable devices, high‐performance strain sensors have been spotlighted as an ideal strategy to develop machine‐human interfaces and healthcare systems. It still remains a huge challenge to construct flexible strain sensors with equational response in a broad range. Herein, highly stretchable multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–decorated thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers with a porous microstructure are produced through a scalable and facile strategy by wet‐spinning and ultra‐sonication. The fiber is composed of pure TPU fibers with MWCNTs decorated on the surface. The porous fiber is then assembled as a strain sensor. Interestingly, the effective MWCNTs distribution on the TPU fiber enables exponential sensing over the whole strain range. The sensor possesses a high gauge factor (GF, 102 at 300% strain), very large workable sensing range (300% strain), excellent durability (10 000 cycles), light weight (0.85 g cm−3), and fast response (200 ms). The as‐prepared strain sensor exhibits excellent insensitive properties toward buckling, torsion, temperature, and humidity stimuli. Based on the high sensing performance, the fiber‐shaped strain sensor detects human movements precisely by directly attaching to skin or embedding in garments, demonstrating huge potential in human–machine interfaces, health monitoring application, etc.