bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Sultones from Chlorosulfates by a Complex Cascade Reaction Occurring under Mild Thermal Conditions
Authors: Cala Lara , Rivilla Iván , Cossío Fernando P. , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChlorosulfate derivatives are interesting reagents that have been traditionally used to get other sulfur‐containing compounds by formal nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom. This work describes a different mode of reactivity of alkyne‐containing chlorosulfates to get sultones, the sulfur analogues of lactones. The complex skeletal rearrangement observed in this transformation is comparable to those intricate processes promoted or catalyzed by organometallic compounds. However, the reaction here described does not require any reagent or additive, being just a thermal process. Computational calculations support a mechanism based on a series of cascade reactions where almost every step is counterintuitive. Some of these steps include original processes related to classical reactions, thus adding complementary views to traditional organic chemistry.
Identification of significant geographic clustering of polycythemia vera cases in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Le Michelle , Ghazawi Feras M. , Rahme Elham , Alakel Akram , Netchiporouk Elena , Savin Evgeny , Zubarev Andrei , Glassman Steven J. , Sasseville Denis , Popradi Gizelle , Litvinov Ivan V. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPolycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm associated at times with debilitating symptoms and a significant mortality rate. Understanding the demographics, epidemiology, and geography of this disease may provide further insight into important risk factors associated with its development. The objective of this study was to analyze patient demographics, incidence, and mortality rates, as well as the geographic distribution of PV patients in Canada between 1992 and 2010.MethodsThis study was achieved by analyzing the Canadian Cancer Registry, Le Registre Québécois du Cancer, and the Canadian Vital Statistics patient databases.ResultsA total of 4645 patients were diagnosed with PV between 1992 and 2010. While the annual incidence rate of this cancer fluctuated in Canada, mortality rate analysis indicated a decreasing trend. Geographically, PV incidence rates were notably elevated in the province of Quebec compared with the Canadian average. Further analysis of high‐incidence forward sortation areas indicated a striking clustering of cases in the H4W region encompassing the Côte‐Saint‐Luc borough of Montreal, with an incidence of 102.97 (95% confidence interval, 75.11‐137.79) cases per million per year, which is >13 times the national average.ConclusionThe residential area of Côte‐Saint‐Luc is an important PV cluster in Canada, with high concentration of retirement homes and geriatric hospices. Also, Jewish residents comprise >60% of the population in this neighborhood. These findings suggest that an older age and, potentially, an inherent genetic predisposition may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this malignancy. This study provides a comprehensive overview of PV burden/geographic distribution of cases in Canada.
Multicenter, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized study of fosnetupitant in combination with palonosetron for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Sugawara Shunichi , Inui Naoki , Kanehara Masashi , Morise Masahiro , Yoshimori Kozo , Kumagai Toru , Fukui Tomoya , Minato Koichi , Iwashima Akira , Takeda Yuichiro , Kubota Kaoru , Saeki Toshiaki , Tamura Tomohide 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe current randomized, double‐blind, phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety profile of a single intravenous administration of fosnetupitant, a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist prodrug, for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in Japanese patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy.MethodsPatients scheduled to receive cisplatin (at a dose of ≥70 mg/m2)‐based regimens were randomly assigned to receive fosnetupitant at a dose of 81 mg or 235 mg or placebo in combination with palonosetron at a dose of 0.75 mg and dexamethasone. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR; no vomiting and no rescue medication) during the overall phase (0‐120 hours). The overall CR rate was compared between each dose of fosnetupitant and the placebo group adjusting for the stratification factors of sex and age class (age <55 years vs age ≥55 years). Safety was assessed, with special attention given to events that potentially were suggestive of infusion site reactions.ResultsA total of 594 patients were randomized. Of these, 194 patients, 195 patients, and 195 patients, respectively, in the placebo and fosnetupitant 81‐mg and 235‐mg dose groups were evaluable for efficacy. The overall CR rate was 54.7% for the placebo group, 63.8% for the fosnetupitant 81‐mg dose group (adjusted difference, 9.1%; 95% CI, ‐0.4% to 18.6% [P = .061]), and 76.8% for the fosnetupitant 235‐mg dose group (adjusted difference, 22.0%; 97.5% CI, 11.7% to 32.3% [P < .001]). Safety profiles were comparable between the 3 groups. The incidence of infusion site reactions related to fosnetupitant was ≤1% in each dose group.ConclusionsFosnetupitant at a dose of 235 mg provided superior prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting among patients receiving cisplatin‐based chemotherapy compared with the control group, and with a satisfactory safety profile.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Studies of Teriflunomide in Healthy Iranian Volunteers
Authors: Rouini Mohammad‐Reza , Dibaei Maryam , Ghasemian Elham 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis, which is characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration, is considered a chronic disease of the central nervous system. Given the lack of pharmacokinetic evaluation of teriflunomide in the Iranian context, the present 2‐way crossover study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of 2 teriflunomide formulations. To this end, 2 single‐dose generic and branded teriflunomide formulations were orally administered to 14 healthy Iranian male volunteers. A washout period of 21 days was allowed between the treatments. The plasma samples containing teriflunomide were analyzed by a simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography method using standard ultraviolet detection. In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for bioequivalence evaluation. The peak area ratio between the teriflunomide and the internal standard was the source of calibration curves, which were linear over the range of 20‐40,000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9994). The results indicated that the 2 formulations had similar pharmacokinetics. Further, the 90%CI of the mean ratios of the test versus the reference formulations of log‐transformed area under the concentration‐time curve over 72 hours (93% to 107%) and peak concentration (92% to 108%) were within the acceptable range of 80% to 125%. Based on the obtained results, the test formulation of teriflunomide could be similar to that of the reference formulation.
Gas‐Sensing Performance and Operation Mechanism of Organic π‐Conjugated Materials
Authors: Song Ruxin , Wang Zi , Zhou Xu , Huang Lizhen , Chi Lifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOrganic π‐conjugated materials, which have advantages of tailorable chemical structures, solution processability, and mechanical flexibility, are promising candidates for applications in low‐cost, portable gas sensors that operate at room temperature. Nevertheless, there are still challenging issues in the development of organic semiconductor gas sensors because of issues such as relatively poor sensitivity, slow response, and low recovery. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of gas sensors based on organic conjugated materials and discuss the critical factors related to the sensor performance and the operation mechanism. We highlight six types of typical materials from small molecule to polymer semiconductors with respect to their performance in detecting different gas species through morphology control and molecular engineering. Critical factors from gas kinetics to sensor‐analyte interaction are briefly discussed, together with an examination of sensing mechanisms.
Automatic detection of eating disorder‐related social media posts that could benefit from a mental health intervention
Authors: Yan Hao , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Goodman Micah , Krauss Melissa , Das Sanmay , Cavazos‐Rehg Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveOnline forums allow people to semi‐anonymously discuss their struggles, often leading to greater honesty. This characteristic makes forums valuable for identifying users in need of immediate help from mental health professionals. Because it would be impractical to manually review every post on a forum to identify users in need of urgent help, there may be value to developing algorithms for automatically detecting posts reflecting a heightened risk of imminent plans to engage in disordered behaviors.MethodFive natural language processing techniques (tools to perform computational text analysis) were used on a data set of 4,812 posts obtained from six eating disorder‐related subreddits. Two licensed clinical psychologists labeled 53 of these posts, deciding whether or not the content of the post indicated that its author needed immediate professional help. The remaining 4,759 posts were unlabeled.ResultsEach of the five techniques ranked the 50 posts most likely to be intervention‐worthy (the “top‐50”). The two most accurate detection techniques had an error rate of 4% for their respective top‐50.DiscussionThis article demonstrates the feasibility of automatically detecting—with only a few dozen labeled examples—the posts of individuals in need of immediate mental health support for an eating disorder.
FragSAD: A database of diversity and species abundance distributions from habitat fragments
Authors: Chase Jonathan M. , Liebergesell Mario , Sagouis Alban , May Felix , Blowes Shane A. , Berg Åke , Bernard Enrico , Brosi Berry J. , Cadotte Marc W. , Cayuela Luis , Chiarello Adriano G. , Cosson Jean‐Francois , Cresswell Will , Dami Filibus Danjuma , Dauber Jens , Dickman Chris R. , Didham Raphael K. , Edwards David P. , Farneda Fábio Z. , Gavish Yoni , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Guadagnin Demetrio Luis , Henry Mickaël , López‐Baucells Adrià , Kappes Heike , Mac Nally Ralph , Manu Shiiwua , Martensen Alexandre Camargo , McCollin Duncan , Meyer Christoph F. J. , Neckel‐Oliveira Selvino , Nogueira André , Pons Jean‐Marc , Raheem Dinarzarde C. , Ramos Flavio Nunes , Rocha Ricardo , Sam Katerina , Slade Eleanor , Stireman John O. , Struebig Matthew J. , Vasconcelos Heraldo , Ziv Yaron 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHabitat destruction is the single greatest anthropogenic threat to biodiversity. Decades of research on this issue have led to the accumulation of hundreds of data sets comparing species assemblages in larger, intact, habitats to smaller, more fragmented, habitats. Despite this, little synthesis or consensus has been achieved, primarily because of non‐standardized sampling methodology and analyses of notoriously scale‐dependent response variables (i.e., species richness). To be able to compare and contrast the results of habitat fragmentation on species’ assemblages, it is necessary to have the underlying data on species abundances and sampling intensity, so that standardization can be achieved. To accomplish this, we systematically searched the literature for studies where abundances of species in assemblages (of any taxa) were sampled from many habitat patches that varied in size. From these, we extracted data from several studies, and contacted authors of studies where appropriate data were collected but not published, giving us 117 studies that compared species assemblages among habitat fragments that varied in area. Less than one‐half (41) of studies came from tropical forests of Central and South America, but there were many studies from temperate forests and grasslands from all continents except Antarctica. Fifty‐four of the studies were on invertebrates (mostly insects), but there were several studies on plants (15), birds (16), mammals (19), and reptiles and amphibians (13). We also collected qualitative information on the length of time since fragmentation. With data on total and relative abundances (and identities) of species, sampling effort, and affiliated meta‐data about the study sites, these data can be used to more definitively test hypotheses about the role of habitat fragmentation in altering patterns of biodiversity. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper and the associated Dryad data set if the data are used in publications.
A novel short‐wall caving zone backfilling technique for controlling mining subsidence
Authors: Liu Wenbing , Xu Jingmin , Zhu Weibing , Wang Sihua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMining‐induced voids are the main circulation pathways for underground fluids such as water and coalbed methane. The collapse of these voids transmits to the ground surface, resulting in subsidence and building collapse. Accordingly, effective and feasible solutions are needed to control surface subsidence. In this study, a novel technique of void filling in the short‐wall caving zone was proposed to better control surface subsidence in thin coal seam mining. The width of the working face plays a key role in the proposed technique. A maximum surface subsidence value was predicted using numerical simulation and physical simulation experiments with different working face widths. The results indicate that the appropriate working face width should be less than 50 m for the studied coal mine. In this example, the surface subsidence coefficient was less than the standard value for initial damage to rural structures. Both advancing speed and productivity of the working face were achieved using the proposed technique because the filling and mining processes were conducted simultaneously on different faces. The results suggest that surface subsidence during thin coal seam mining could be controlled using the proposed technique. This technique can also help mitigate mining‐induced water inrush and gas leakage disasters by filling voids.
Methylation and gene expression differences between reproductive and sterile bumblebee workers
Authors: Marshall Hollie , Lonsdale Zoë N. , Mallon Eamonn B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the production of multiple phenotypes from a single genome and is notably observed in social insects. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms have been associated with social insect plasticity, with DNA methylation being explored to the greatest extent. DNA methylation is thought to play a role in caste determination in Apis mellifera, and other social insects, but there is limited knowledge on its role in other bee species. In this study, we analyzed whole genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq data sets from head tissue of reproductive and sterile castes of the eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris. We found that genome-wide methylation in B. terrestris is similar to other holometabolous insects and does not differ between reproductive castes. We did, however, find differentially methylated genes between castes, which are enriched for multiple biological processes including reproduction. However, we found no relationship between differential methylation and differential gene expression or differential exon usage between castes. Our results also indicate high intercolony variation in methylation. These findings suggest that methylation is associated with caste differences but may serve an alternate function, other than direct caste determination in this species. This study provides the first insights into the nature of a bumblebee caste-specific methylome as well as its interaction with gene expression and caste-specific alternative splicing, providing greater understanding of the role of methylation in phenotypic plasticity within social bee species. Future experimental work is needed to determine the function of methylation and other epigenetic mechanisms in insects.
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in association with Torulaspora delbrueckii on the aroma and amino acids in longan wines
Authors: Sanoppa Kanokchan , Huang Tzou‐Chi , Wu Ming‐Chang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of monocultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii as well as simultaneous and sequential cultures of S. cerevisiae and T. delbrueckii on the nonvolatile and volatile compounds in longan wines. The four cultures had similar characteristics in longan wines. The main amino acids in all the fermentations were glutamic acid, arginine, alanine, leucine, proline, and GABA. The main volatile compounds in longan wines were ethanol, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, 2‐phenylethanol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl acetate, which can contribute more desired aroma compounds in wines. Among the four treatments, the longan wine fermented with the simultaneous culture produced the highest total volatile aroma content (345.26 mg/L). The simultaneous culture also had a better ability to generate a high level of the main volatile compounds in longan wines and also could achieve a noticeable intensity of floral and fruity aromas of wine as evaluated by calculation of the odor activity values.
Conventional and food‐to‐food fortification: An appraisal of past practices and lessons learned
Authors: Chadare Flora Josiane , Idohou Rodrigue , Nago Eunice , Affonfere Marius , Agossadou Julienne , Fassinou Toyi Kévin , Kénou Christel , Honfo Sewanou , Azokpota Paulin , Linnemann Anita R. , Hounhouigan Djidjoho J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFood fortification is an important nutrition intervention to fight micronutrient deficiencies and to reduce their incidence in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Food fortification approaches experienced a significant rise in the recent years and have generated a lot of criticism. The present review aimed to shed light on the actual effect of food fortification approaches on the reduction of malnutrition. A set of 100 articles and reports, which have dealt with the impact of food fortification on malnutrition, were included in this review. This review identified a broad selection of local raw materials suitable for a food‐to‐food fortification approach.
Predicting radiation dosimetric distribution in different regions of the jaw in patients receiving radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil
Authors: Tsai Chiaojung Jillian , Verma Nipun , Owosho Adepitan A. , Hilden Patrick , Leeman Jonathan , Yom SaeHee , Huryn Joseph M. , Lee Nancy Y. , Estilo Cherry L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy (RT), the main treatment for patients with head and neck cancer, can lead to dental complications.MethodsWe identified 244 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated with RT from 2004 to 2013. For each patient, we contoured the 10 tooth‐bearing regions and calculated the radiation dose (gray, Gy) to each region. From this data set, we built two predictive models to determine the expected maximum radiation dose, one for the non‐molar regions and another for the molar regions.ResultsFor the non‐molars, the final model included location, T‐classification, and overall stage, with a median absolute prediction error of 7.0 Gy. For the molars, the final model included location, T‐classification, overall stage, and treatment year, with a median absolute error of 6.0 Gy.ConclusionsOur current model offers a good estimation of the maximum radiation dose delivered to different regions of the jaw; future work will independently validate these models.
Vitamin D Receptor Activation in Liver Macrophages Protects Against Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mice
Authors: Zhou Ying , Dong Bingning , Kim Kang Ho , Choi Sungwoo , Sun Zhen , Wu Nan , Wu Yifan , Scott Jessica , Moore David D. 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whether triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, can be resolved by the unfolded protein response (UPR). Sustained UPR activation leads to cell death and inflammatory response and contributes to liver disease progression. Hepatic tissue macrophages are key players in orchestrating liver inflammation, and ER stress can enhance macrophage activation. However, it is not well defined how the interplay between ER stress and inflammation is regulated during hepatic stress response.

Approach and Results
Here we demonstrate that vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation mitigates hepatic ER stress response, whereas VDR knockout mice undergo persistent UPR activation and apoptosis in response to chemical ER stress inducer. Moreover, VDR deficiency promotes hepatic macrophage infiltration and increases gene expression and systematic levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α. VDR expression is induced in hepatic macrophages by ER stress, and VDR plays a dual regulatory role in macrophages by protecting against ER stress and promoting anti‐inflammatory polarization. Co‐culture with VDR‐activated bone marrow–derived macrophages suppresses UPR target genes in primary hepatocytes treated with ER stress inducers. Thus, the immunomodulatory functions of VDR in macrophages are critical in hepatic ER stress resolution in mice.

Conclusions
VDR signaling in macrophages regulates a shift between proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory activation during ER stress–induced inflammation to promote hepatic ER stress resolution.
Assessment of Transporter Polymorphisms as a Factor in a BCRP Drug Interaction Study With Lanabecestat
Authors: Willis Brian A. , Andersen Scott W. , Ayan‐Oshodi Mosun , James Douglas E. , Liffick Emily , Hillgren Kathleen , Guo Yingying , Monk Scott A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLanabecestat is a human β‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitor in development to slow disease progression in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. The study evaluated the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition potential of lanabecestat on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rosuvastatin, a probe for BCRP activity, in healthy white subjects who were not carriers of SLCO1B1 (c.521T>C), not homozygotes for ABCG2 (c.421C>A or c.34G>A), and not heterozygotes of ABCG2 (c.421C>A and c.34G>A). The safety of lanabecestat + rosuvastatin, the effects of rosuvastatin on the PK of lanabecestat, and the effects of multiple genetic polymorphisms on rosuvastatin exposure were assessed. Geometric mean ratios of the maximum observed rosuvastatin concentration (Cmax), area under the rosuvastatin concentration‐versus‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to infinity, and time of maximum observed drug concentration (tmax) when rosuvastatin was administered alone and with lanabecestat were contained within 0.8‐1.25, as were lanabecestat AUC at steady state and tmax at steady state when lanabecestat was administered alone or with rosuvastatin. Lanabecestat Cmax at steady state increased 8% in the presence of rosuvastatin. Except for an approximately 80% increase of rosuvastatin AUC (P < .05) in the heterozygotes of ABCG2 c.421C>A relative to the CC genotype, there were no statistically significant associations between rosuvastatin exposure and polymorphisms assessed. Lanabecestat + rosuvastatin was associated with few treatment‐emergent adverse events, all of which resolved and were mild. Lanabecestat does not meaningfully impact BCRP activity; therefore, restriction of concomitant administration with BCRP substrates, such as rosuvastatin, may be unnecessary.