bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF THE DIESEL ENGINE STARTING
Authors: Kozlov A. A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.The paper is devoted to the investigation of the D-type diesel engines’ start-up of the B-2 type under low temperatures, especially to the influence of the fresh charge temperature on the starting characteristics of the diesel engines. The Russian Federation is located in climatic zones with predominance of low ambient air temperatures and under extreme conditions. However, such situation is not adequately studied in scientific literature.The main problem is in the search for rational values of the temperature of the fresh charge at the beginning of the compression stroke. The increase of such temperature leads to the decrease in the oxygen mass, and to the decrease to an insufficient temperature at the end of the compression stroke and, as a result, it would not provide ignition. Therefore, the aim of the research is to substantiate the rational values of the fresh charge temperature and further practical implementation of these values at modern BTWT facilities.Materials and methods.The author uses standard theoretical and theoretical methods based on widely approved dependences of the piston internal combustion engines’ theory, gas dynamics and thermodynamics, which have been refined taking into account the features of the diesel engine start. Results. As a result, the author determines rational values of the fresh charge temperature, makes the analysis of the pre-launch preparation and facilitating of the D-type diesel engines’ start-up and demonstrates the method of increasing and further stabilizing of the temperature of the inlet charge at modern BTWT facilities.Discussion and conclusion.The research confirms the rational values of the fresh charge temperature, by using of which the diesel has the best starting characteristics. The author also proposes a technical solution for values’ realization by using a vortex induction heater.
CAPACITY PLANNING OF URBAN ROADS IN CONDITION OF PASSENGERS’ TRAVEL MODE CHOICE
Authors: Koryagin M. E. , Timofeeva E. G. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.The authors conduct the research of the urban passenger transportation problem. Municipal authorities and passengers are regarded as participants of the passenger transportation system. Moreover, the municipal authorities have to optimize road width and public transport frequency. The road consists of a bus lane and lanes for personal vehicles. The vehicle travel time depends on the number of road lanes and passengers’ choice of the travel mode. The passengers’ goal is to minimize total travel costs, including time value. Therefore, the passengers try to find the optimal ratio between public transport and cars.Materials and methods.The mathematical model for choosing the mode of transportation is based on the exponential distribution of the passenger cost. Time of movement on personal transport is described by the BPR model. The conflict between municipal authorities and the passengers is described as a theoretic model.Results.The existence of Nash equilibrium in the model is proved. In addition, the numerical example shows the influence of time value and intensity of passenger flow on the equilibrium of the road width and of public transport frequency.Discussion and conclusions.The presented model allows optimizing the capacity of the road network in conditions of allocated lanes for public transport and the choice of transportation for passengers. Further research would be aimed at managing the number of parking spaces.The task is also to generalize the model of the urban passenger transport network, directions and intersections, which describe the real city roads.
OPTIMIZATION OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kurganov V. M. , Mukayev V. N. , Gryaznov M. V. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.The authors prove the relevance of the costs’ reducing for motor transportation service in different departments of the industrial enterprise. The organizational and technological features of the industrial motor transport enterprise functioning and defining inexpediency of transfer of motor transportation function on outsourcing in full are revealed. The economic-mathematical model and the algorithm of decisions development on optimization of the automobile transportations costs in the industrial enterprise, which provide balance of interests of the customer to lower costs of motor transportation services and of the carrier to increase business profitability are offered. The expediency of implementation of such recommendations is proved on the example of motor transportation department of the large metallurgical company in Chelyabinsk region.Materials and methods. The analysis and systematization of the specialized scientific, standard, legal literature, economic-mathematical modeling of transport processes, and statistical technical and economic analysis of production information is conducted.Results.The following results are reached:- having scientific novelty: criterion of optimality and system of restrictions of the choice of decisions on cutting of costs for automobile transportations; mathematical apparatus of assessment of reserves of use of motor transport;- having the practical importance: the algorithm of development of decisions on optimization of costs of automobile transportations based on balance of interests of carrier and the customer of motor transportation services.Discussion and conclusions.The methodical recommendations about coordination of the customer and supplier interaction of motor transportation services are received. The implementation of such recommendations would provide the systematic 3-5% per year budget optimization in the industrial enterprise departments.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE CALCULATION OF EMISSIONS FOR NON-STATIONARY TRANSPORT FLOW
Authors: Parsaev E. V. , Malyugin P. N. , Teterina I. A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.Two methods among five in regulatory documents of the Russian Federation can be interested for assessing the quality of traffic management by environmental indicators. Only such methods take into account the parameters of the traffic flow that affect the volume of emissions. The parameter influencing the results of calculations in both methods is an average motion speed. Moreover, there are areas on urban highways, where traffic moves unevenly (braking, dispersal, stopping). Therefore, such factor entails an increase in the volume of emissions from vehicles. At the same time, this uneven movement is largely due to the existing organization of traffic (TO) on certain elements of the street-road network (SRN). Accordingly, the method for calculating pollutant emissions to assess the quality of TO, which take into account the unevenness of traffic flow, should be developed.Materials and methods. The paper proposes to take into account the average speed of traffic in those parts, where the traffic flow moves stationary, and on the elements of the main traffic line, where the traffic flow is non-stationary, and to take into account additional emissions. Moreover, the additional emission from the traffic flow should be considered separately in the following cases: if the cars stop (there are deceleration modes, idling and acceleration) and in the situation, when cars decrease their speed (slowdown and acceleration).Results.As a result, the difference between calculations of carbon monoxide emissions by the proposed method and by the GOST methodology is 57%, and for emissions of nitrogen oxides is 94%.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed methodology allows accurately assessing the quality of the TO on the section of the urban highway and its individual elements on environmental indicators. In addition, the proposed methodology would allow carrying out calculations for the evaluation of road traffic projects and activities, which aim to reduce the harmful impact of traffic on the environment of the highway areas.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE RUSSIAN CITIES’ TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Safronov E. A. , Safronov K. E. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.The problems of congestion, ecology, and road safety in most of Russia’s major cities have been accumulated in the paper. Strategic planning documents aimed at updating the gene plan, improving the transport and route network, improving traffic safety, improving environmental performance and accessibility for people with disabilities are sent for such important problems solution. The paper presents the results of the scientific research conducted in large cities of Russia. Moreover, the review of the literature is presented, and the achievements of foreign science are taken into account.Materials and methods. Modern approaches to improving the system of public transport are given, the efficiency of high-speed transport modes, the organization of transport services for the disabled and low-mobility groups, traffic safety, ecology, and the implementation of the “Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030” are approved. As a criterion for the efficiency of improving the transport infrastructure, the level of its loading by various modes of transport is used.Results.The problems of influence of the city form on the formation of the transport frame, of the density of settlement and of the efficiency of urban development are considered. New methods of predicting the transport demand of the population, the level of the transport systems’ development and assessing accessibility are proposed. Therefore, the developed algorithms and recommendations for reducing the volume of transport infrastructure helps to improve its performance and availability. Such effect is achieved through the redistribution of transport and passenger flows between different modes of transport.Discussion and conclusion.The authors comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the regulatory and methodological base of the transport industry constantly, improving the performance of the transport infrastructure of modern cities.
TECHNOLOGY OF UNIQUE BUILDINGS’ CONSTRUCTION IN THE CONSTRAINED CONDITIONS OF OPERATING ENTERPRISE
Authors: Andryushenkov A. F. , Volovnik N. S. , Andryushenkov A. A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.There is a need for detailed consideration of technological solutions of the constructed object while the process of the work projects’ development (WPD). The features of WPD development are considered on the basis of the flare tower as a part of the flare installation of the oil refining enterprise. The problems of organizational and technological design (development of WPD) for such facilities’ type should be solved many times due to the fact that there is a modernization of oil refining enterprises in the country. Moreover, the obtained results of calculations allow conducting more rational technological solutions for the construction of the flare tower and such solutions affect the period of the flare installation.Materials and methods.The technology of the flare tower construction as a part of the flare installation is quite complex due to the features of the unique structure and cramped construction site. Accordingly, the choice of technology for the flare tower construction is made by using the features of its design solution and by the detailed consideration of options for installation mechanization. The options are evaluated by using an economic criterion (reduced cost). The calculations are based on modern installation cranes recommended for usage on this type of unique structures.Results.As a result of technical and economic calculations of the flare tower construction technology, the method of its construction is chosen due to the rational version of installation mechanization. The paper presents the calculations’ results of the given costs and the technical characteristics of the cranes. In addition, the technology of the flare tower installation is organized with the method of the tower blocks assembly.Discussion and conclusions.As could be seen, the construction technology by the mixed scheme on the chosen option is developed by the authors.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF BEAM STRUCTURES ON THE BASIS OF COMPOSITE LOGS’ GIRDERS
Authors: Utkin V. A. , Kobzev P. N. , Shatunova E. G. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Experience in the design and construction of beam structures of wooden bridges with composite girders indicates the possibility of increasing the bearing capacity and the length of the overlapped spans.Materials and methods. The most rational load-bearing elements of composite girders can serve as the logs edged on two edges with the diameter of 28 to 32 cm with the maximum use of the most durable layers of sapwood and dowel connections of steel plates with blind cylindrical nags.Results. In contrast to the compounds of composite girders on lamellar nails, the proposed connection greatly simplifies the process of making the composite girders. Such connection also allows using the logging along the length, combining into three or four tiers and increasing the length of the span.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed solutions increase the load-bearing capacity of composite girders and allow them to be used in the structures of wooden bridges under modern automotive loads. Moreover, the calculation method of composite girders on the basis of the method of forces and discrete placement in the beams between the logs of concentrated elastic-datum shear bonds is developed.
GAS CONCRETE FOR CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Fomina E. V. , Lesovik V. S. , Lashina I. V. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction.Construction objects of transport infrastructure have different influence and service conditions. An actual technical task is the design of optimal microclimate for human operation in workshops and office buildings. Therefore, such conditions can be achieved by using of construction material with high parameters of heat- and sound-insulation such as a gas concrete. The main task of the research is the improvement of heat- and sound-insulation in the gas concrete.Materials and methods.The evaluation of the gas concrete efficiency is based on the research of such parameters as heat- and sound-insulation. The analysis of the material at macro- and micro-level is performed with SEM-analysis and BET-analysis. In addition, the complex of experimental and calculated data of physical and chemical characteristics for gas concrete is carried out.Results.As a result, the usage of amorphous alum inosilicate raw materials in gas concrete allows variation of parameters to effect on pore structure such as homogeneous pore distribution in bulk, thickness and density of interpore partition, pore shape and pore size. The reduction of aerated concrete density by 22.5 % leads to reducing of heat conductivity by 19.26 %. The formation of cellular structure with mainly closed pores allows reducing of sorption humidity and vapor permeability of material under different environmental humidity.Differently-sized pores in the gas concrete and predominantly small pores with size of 0.3-0.9 mm as well as with size up to 94,6 nm leads to increasing isolation index of airborne sound due to increasing of absorption of acoustic wave in frequency range of 125-4000 Hz. Complexly, it provides high sound-insolating parameters of wall envelopes.Discussion and conclusions.Monitoring of heat- and sound-insolation of the gas concrete due to optimization of pore structure allows formation of energy effective composites able to protect humans from unfavorable environment in the transport enterprises.
DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL AS A COMPONENT ELEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE REGION
Authors: Karpov V. V. , Petrenko K. V. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. The article examines approaches to determining one of the most important characteristics of regional economic security - demographic potential. The correct interpretation of this concept makes it possible to monitor and develop political postulates of actions aimed at improving the socio-economic bases of demographic processes. The list of planned activities, built in accordance with the specified content of the concept of “demographic potential”, is adequate to the existing qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the population and would avoid crisis situations in the economy and social sphere of the region.Materials and methods. The study of approaches to determining the demographic potential and its role in the formation of the labor potential of the territories, show the absence of unified methodological bases for estimating and predicting the processes of forming the demographic potential for different hierarchical levels of government. Moreover, the need to consider the concept of demographic potential is dictated by the increased attention to potential demography, on the one hand, as a scientific direction, conditioned by the study of internal dynamics and inertia of the population reproduction processes, and on the other hand, as a problem having practical significance in ensuring the functioning of regional employment opportunities for people.Results. As a result, the research demonstrates the presence of a large number of approaches and formulations of the “demographic potential” concept, which are conditioned by different theoretical and methodological approaches to disclosure of the demographic processes content depending on the research objectives. According to the authors, at the current level of regional qualification of Russia, adjustments are needed in the mode of the labor potential reproduction due to the sharp increase in the outflow of population, especially in the Siberian regions. Demographic potential as an economic category requires in such conditions the increased attention of scientists and also political structures. It is the basis for the identification of hidden opportunities to provide population and population structure for different demographic characteristics.Discussion and conclusions. The analysis and solution of the problems of the labor potential reproduction is now at the forefront of ensuring economic security of the regions. To ensure such problems is not possible without the presence and proper understanding of the content and conditions for the formation of the demographic potential in conditions of intensive migration between the Siberian and European territories of the country.
CYBERSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS AT SHIPPING 4.0 AND INDUSTRY 4.0 CONCEPTS REALIZATION
Authors: SHAPO Vladlen 
Published: November 2018

Last few years took place true jump in approaches to developing, control and exploitation of different complex technical systems. In industry, transport, energetic and so on data exchange technologies, based on Industry 4.0, IoT, IIoT, Shipping 4.0, etc. concepts are implementing very actively. In maritime branch information technologies became inextricably linked to the classical approaches and allow to perform intelligent remote control and create fully unmanned objects and complex technical systems.
So, some companies have founded Unmanned Cargo Ship Development Alliance; newly developed Distributed Intelligent Vessel Components software, which provides new protocol for devices connecting and data transferring; recently created Advanced Autonomous Waterborne Applications Initiative autonomous ship research project and Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships direction.
It's possible to highlight following ship automation levels.
1. Ship can be controlled remotely.
2. Ship may work in unmanned mode partly or periodically.
3. Ship may perform self-driving with operator help, if necessary.
4. Additionally to the level 3, self-driving possible without operator's intrusion.
5. Fully unmanned ship with the same functionality and possibilities as classic ship.
But complexity and vulnerability for external intrusion of such ships is also growing enormously. So, in 2017 and 2018 years at least two large shipping companies were attacked by hackers and had to stop significant part of business activity and lost huge amounts. That's why the task of cybersecurity providing, including highly productive firewalls implementing, is very actual.
Ways of modern concepts and technologies implementing in maritime branch are briefly analyzed. Possible levels of ships' autonomy and automation with most modern technical decisions are shown. Existing problems and vulnerabilities of highly automated ships are described. Approach on vulnerabilities influence minimizing with firewalls using is proposed.
ALGAE AND DIETARY DIETS
Authors: İRKİN Latife Ceyda , TONGUÇ YAYINTAŞ Özlem 
Published: November 2018

Algae involve several species of multicellular and macroscopic marine algae found in the coastal region between high to low tide in the sub-tidal region up to a depth where 0.01 % photosynthetic light is available. Based on their pigmentation, seaweeds were classified in to Chlorophyta (green algae), Phaeophyta (Brown algae) and Rhodophyta (Red algae). Algae are not classified as true plants. They lack an organized vascular system for absorbing nutrients. The root called the holdfast, the stem is the stripe and the leaf of the seaweed is the blade or frond. Like flowering plants, they are able to use chlorophyll to conduct the process of photosynthesis and create their own food for growth.
In marine ecosystems, macroalgae communities provide nutrition, reproduction, and an accommodating environment for other living organisms. Algae play a vital role in various aspects compared to other aquatic resources. Because of these properties, macroalgae are some of the most important organisms maintaining the ecosystem’s stability. They are also excellent source of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, dietary fibers, proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and important sources of medicines and fertilizers.
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) as Virus Carrier in Indonesia
Authors: Hadi Moch Irfan , Alamudi Muhammad Yusuf , Kumalasari Mei Lina Fitri , Hidayati Sri , Prakarsa Tatag Bagus , Agustina Eva , Ratodi Muhamad , Munir Misbakhul , Pribadi Eko Teguh , Faizah Hanik 
Published: November 2018

A Virus is an individual that cannot be described as an animal or a plant. If animals and plants contain two nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), on the contrary, the virus only has one of them. These nucleic acids can stimulate a complete virus replication cycle. The virus can only replicate and live on a living host if the host is finally dead, then the virus will move on the cells that are still alive. The virus has genetic material which is a protective protein coat called a capsid. Viruses can infect various varieties of organisms, both eukaryotes (animals, plants, protists, and fungi) and prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea). The Virus infects bacteria known as bacteriophage (phage). The Virus can cause serious diseases for humans such as AIDS, HIV, rabies, etc. Dogs belonging to Canidae family are the sibling of wolves, foxes and raccoon dogs. Among all members of Canidae, dogs have the most closely related to wolves which are the ancestors of dogs. The Canidae family generally has a small elongated body, sharp ear and muzzle, sharp smelling, can run fast and can swim. Dogs are human best friends. While taking care of the dogs, they can be attacked by various diseases. The closeness of the relationship between humans and dogs raises the potential for disease transmission, especially zoonosis and pandemics viruses.
Keywords: Canis lupus familiaris, Carier, Influenza, virus