bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and physical studies of PVC/PVDF doped Nano lithium salt for electrochemical applications
Authors: Abdelghany A. M. 
Published: November 2018

Â AbstractPolymer blend of poly (vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) of nominal composition (30PVC/70PVDF) wt:wt were prepared in the form of thin films using casting technique. Samples of the same composition doped with gradient concentration of nano lithium salt (LTO) were prepared and studied. Proposed filler was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis. optical absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron diffraction (ED).Â Obtained data approve the crystalline nano structure of filler with a cubic structure of average size (25-30 nm). Prepared nano composites were then investigated using different spectroscopic methods. XRD reveals the amorphous nature of the base polymer blend with tendency for increase in crystallinity with increasing the content of lithium salt. FTIR shows a preservation of the main vibrational spectral bands in their position with small variation in the area and intensity of some spectral bands related to the interaction between polymer and filler.
Theory of The Three Fields of Space
Authors: Guimaraes Eduardo S. 
Published: November 2018

This article is a logical and rational analysis of the physical phenomena produced by the three fields that are generated in space: gravity field; field of terrestrial nuclear magnetism; and orbital field.
Eduardo Guimarães, through the studies of the three nuclear masses of the Sun's nucleus, the three nuclear masses of the moon's nucleus, and the three nuclear masses of the Earth's nucleus.
We discover the three spatial fields that are generated in the solar system and in the planets.
Then, from the general theory of the three fields of space, we can understand all the mechanics that generate the dynamics and kinematics of celestial bodies.
So now we can understand why the smaller celestial bodies orbit the orbital field of the largest celestial bodies.
So now we can understand why the planets produce orbits of elliptical motions, around the orbital field of the Sun.
Then we understand the orbital mechanics of the little planet Mercury, and its abnormal orbit around the orbiting field of the Sun.
Then Mercury has a perihelion precession of 2 degrees per century, due to an approximation of the perihelion of Mercury which is attracted by the micro-gravity of the Sun, generating an orbital deviation of 2 degrees per century.
In the future the planet Mercury will lose energy from its nucleus and will not be able to make the orbital curve of the perihelion because it will have been attracted by the gravitational field of the Sun's nucleus.
The fall of Mercury on the Sun will generate two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA.
The first thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of the gravity mass attraction of Mercury debris with the Sun's nucleus.
The second thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of attraction of the mass of orbital attraction of Mercury debris with the nucleus of the Sun.
These two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA will generate two immense thermonuclear shockwaves that will devastate the entire fragile geo-biome of the solar system.
Modified Eccentric Connectivity Polynomial of Circumcoronene Series of Benzenoid Hk
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2018

Let G=(V,E) be a molecular graph, where V(G) is a non-empty set of vertices/atoms and E(G) is a set of edges/bonds. For vV(G), defined dv be degree of vertex/atom v and S(v)is the sum of the degrees of its neighborhoods. The modified eccentricity connectivity polynomial of a molecular graph G is defined as Â where Îµ(v) is defined as the length of a maximal path connecting v to another vertex of molecular graph G. In this paper we compute this polynomial for a famous molecular graph of Benzenoid family.
Systems Theory and Cybernetics in Chemistry and Physics
Authors: Kuric Lutvo 
Published: November 2018

The modern science mainly treats the biochemical basis of sequencing in macromolecules and processes in chemistry and physics. One can ask weather the language of chemistry and physics is the adequate scientific language to explain the phenomenon in these sciences. Is there maybe some other language, out of chemistry, that determines how the chemical processes will function and what the? The research results provide some answers to these questions. They reveal to us that the process of sequencing in macromolecules is conditioned and determined not only through chemical, but also through cybernetic and informationÂ principles.Â
Formulation of Mathematical Modeling to Characterize The Aluminium Metals Using Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Techniques
Authors: Golhar Arti R , Sawadh P.S. , Choudhari N. K. 
Published: November 2018

Predicting the type of aluminium metals and composition of elements present in the aluminium samples through Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a matter of very importance for aluminium Industry. The unique method to determine grade of the aluminium sample is required to characterize the aluminium metals. The Nondestructive Technique (NDT) and determination of characteristics and mechanical properties of aluminium metals are used to identify the grade of aluminium metals so that accordingly it can be used for the specific applications. Therefore a technique is required to predict the percentage of aluminium, Iron, Copper, Manganese of aluminium metals so as to categorize into different grades and applications. In Aluminium samples percentage of Aluminium plays very important role which may help to decide the grade of the aluminium metals hence its applications. The present work is focused on how the percentage of aluminium in aluminium samples can be calculated by adopting the mathematical modeling technique. Â
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There are various parameters which generally affect the percentage of aluminium in aluminium samples, and play a very major role. Therefore through this investigation an attempt is being made to formulate an approximate mathematical model which will certainly predict the percentage of aluminium in aluminium samples. In advent of this a dimensionless pie terms of various prominent parameters or variables have been taken to form a mathematical model. Some of these variables used to formulate this model are given as follows (i) physical properties of the aluminium samples like hardness, density, modulus of elasticity etc (ii) Signal analysis properties like Peak amplitude of Time signal, FFT, PSD and (iii) both the properties. The data of such types of variables have been recorded and calculated and thus the formulation of model is being done by multiple regression analysis. The model is then optimized and the reliability of the model has also been estimated. In fact this type of model will be helpful to estimate the aluminium percentage.
Ground Magnetic Survey for The Investigation of Mineral Deposit at Itesi Village in Orile Ilugun, Odeda , South West Nigeria
Authors: S. O Sedara , E. O Joshua , O.I Popoola 
Published: November 2018

Advances in technique development and data interpretation have greatly improved our ability to visualize the subsurface. A Magnetic survey was carried out at a site in Itesi village, Ilugun, Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria using a portable proton precession magnetometer (G-856 AX). A total of ten profiles were established in an E-W direction in the study area. The acquired magnetic field data were corrected for drift. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations were adopted to obtain negative peak value and the maximum positive peak value. The depth to top of basement rock was estimated using Peterâ€™s Half slope. Likewise the depth to centre of basement rock was estimated using the Half width rule. The contour maps, 3-D surface map and the 1-grid vector map present the subsurface image.
The whole survey area has a total length of 100 m at a line spacing of 10 m and a breadth of 45 m at 5 m spacing. The whole area was characterized by complete varying negative amplitudes from a very low peak value of about -9.9 nT and a maximum positive peak value of about 17.4 nT respectively. The closely spaced, linear sub-parallel orientations of contours from the South western part of the map suggest the possibility of faults or local fractured zones.
Detection of Pb in Whitening Creams via Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Bidin Noriah B 
Published: November 2018

Recently whitening creams have been widely used to protect UV light exposure due to the depletion of ozone layer. The demand attracts the rapid growth of various whitening creams in the market. The detection is required in order to determine the constituent of the whitening cream, whether it contains dangerous element like heavy metal (Pb, Hg or Cr). In this attempt, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was deployed to analyse the existence of heavy metal. Several whitening creams available in retail shop and open market were investigated. Cryogenically frozen technique was utilized to convert the emulsion into solid form. Lead Pb was detected in all the tested samples in the range of 2 - 5 ppm. The LIBS results were validated by Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) technique. The high sensitivity, portable and in-situ LIBS system allow simple, faster and easy heavy metal detection. This enhances the procedure of inspection in cosmetic industries
Computing a Counting Polynomial of an Infinite Family of Linear Polycene Parallelogram Benzenoid Graph P(a,b)
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2018

Omega polynomial was defined by M.V. Diudea in 2006 as Â where the number of edges co-distant with e is denoted by n(e). One can obtain Theta Î˜, Sadhana Sd and Pi Î polynomials by replacing xn(e) with n(e)xn(e), x|E|-n(e) and n(e)x|E|-n(e) in Omega polynomial, respectively. Then Theta Î˜, Sadhana Sd and Pi Î indices will be the first derivative of Î˜(x), Sd(x) and Î (x) evaluated at x=1. In this paper, Pi Î (G,x) polynomial and Pi Î (G) index of an infinite family of linear polycene parallelogram benzenoid graph P(a,b) are computed for the first time.
Fifth Geometric-Arithmetic Index of Polyhex Zigzag TUZC6[m,n] Nanotube and Nanotori
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2018

Among topological descriptors, connectivity indices are very important and they have a prominent role in chemistry. The geometric-arithmetic index (GA) index is a topological index was defined as GA (G) in which degree of a vertex v denoted by dv. A new version of GA index was defined by A. Graovac et al recently, and is equale to GA (G) where GA (G) In this paper, we compute this new topological connectivity index for polyhex zigzag TUZC6[m,n] Nanotube and Nanotori.
Energy Spectra of CdS/Cd1-xZnx S Nano Dot Under The Influence of Magnetic Field
Authors: Elangovan P. , Balakumari M. , Franklin Benial A. Milton 
Published: November 2018

We present a theoretical study on shallow donor binding energies of CdS/ CdZnS nano dot as a strength of applied magnetic field along Z direction for various Zn concentration. Calculations are carried out by using the technique of variational ansatz within the frame work of effective mass approximation. Our results show that the binding energies are drastically affected by the dot radius, the strength of magnetic field and concentrations.
Is Gravity, The Curvature of Spacetime or A Quantum Phenomenon?
Authors: Guillen Gomez Alfonso Leon 
Published: November 2018

Gravity is the curvature of spacetime, the structural property of static gravitational field, a geometric field, in curved coordinates, according the functions guv, that express geometric relations. Course, general relativity is a relational theory, however, gravity, a thinking category, has symetric physical effects with matter. Throught of relativist aether was attempted transform spacetime in a substantia without succes, the consequence was return to problematic geometric field. The philosophy of the science intervenes, and according the substantialist theory spacetime is a inmaterial, geometric substantia. Then, the metaphysics arrives to a full solution in the super-substantivalist theory, that affirms: matter arises from geometric spacetime. Thus, it explains consistently the symetric physical effects between spacetime and matter. Surely, this solution is a medieval speculation. Our goal is driver the debate on gravity, to the arena of the quantum physics, but without the ballast of the general relativity. Â Â
Effects of relief gratings, light characteristics and material properties to the emission resonance region
Authors: Sassi Imed Ahmed 
Published: November 2018

We present numerical simulations in order to investigate the coupling of the incident radiation to Surface Plasmon polaritons (SPPs) by metallic relief gratings. When the frequency of the SPPs is coincident with the electromagnetic waves, there is a strong absorption of the electromagnetic waves. This phenomenon is called surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). The effects of surface materials, characteristics of incident light and the geometrical shapes on the SPR are studied by using the rigorous coupled-wave algorithm (RCWA).Â The results reveal that a peak of high emissivity is obtained for Au compared with W, Cu and Al. This explained that the gold is the best transition metal used for the excitation of SPPs. At the resonance the absorption of light by the (Au) grating is greater for grazing than normal incident light. Every considered transition material has the particular wavelength emission region and the period emission region. The influence of gratings geometric parameters on the SPR is also presented.Â Â Â Â
The Conservation of Energy and Momentum in the Positron-Electron Annihilation According to Complete Relativity
Authors: Bellotti Giuseppe 
Published: November 2018

According to Complete Relativity (an improvement of Special Relativity where a new postulate was introduced: an electron cannot move at average speeds less thanÂ u0 = Î±c / Ï€Â whereÂ Î±Â is the constant of fine structure andÂ cÂ is the speed of light), and with the hypothesis that the electron and positron are two three-dimensional electromagnetic spherical standing waves, the electromagnetic standing waves of an electron-positron pair can overlap in the low energy conditions and generate a singleÂ Î³ rayÂ ofÂ E = 1.022Â MeV.Â Instead the actual physical theories consider a model of positron-electron pair annihilation, where conservation of momentum requires the creation of two 511 keV photons moving toward opposite directions. But in the paper we do not consider any photons: there is only a progressive electromagnetic wave compound by two electromagnetic standing waves. Only a thorough test will be able to decide the right model.
Mixed convection flow due to a moving vertical plate parallel to free stream under the influence of Newtonian heating and thermal radiation
Authors: Patil Prabhugouda , Roy S. 
Published: November 2018

The steady mixed convection flow from a moving vertical plate in a parallel free stream is considered to investigate the combined effects of buoyancy force and thermal diffusion in presence of thermal radiation as well as Newtonian heating effects. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a non-dimensional form by a group of non-similar transformations. The resulting system of coupled non-linear partial differential equations is solved by an implicit finite difference scheme in conjunction with the quasi-linearization technique. Computations are performed and representative set is displayed graphically to illustrate the influence of the mixed convection parameter ( ), Prandtl number (Pr), the ratio of free stream velocity to the composite reference velocity ( ) and the radiation parameter (R) on the velocity and temperature profiles. The numerical results for the local skinfriction coefficient ( ) and surface temperature ( ) are also presented. The results show that the streamwise co-ordinate Â significantly influences the flow and thermal fields which indicate the importance of non-similar solutions. Also, it is observed that the increase of mixed convection parameter causes the increase in the magnitude of velocity profile about 65% for lower Prandtl number fluids (Pr=0.7), while it decreases in the temperature profile about 30%. Present results are compared with previously published work and are found to be in excellent agreement.
The measurement of photoneutron dose around an 18 MV Varian linear accelerator by TLD600 and TLD700 dosimeters inside the polyethylene sphere of neutron probe LB 6411
Authors: F Samiei , A Nedaie H , H Darestani , N Banaee , N Shagholi , K Mohammadi , A Shahvar 
Published: November 2018

BremsstrahlungÂ X-raysÂ fromÂ high-energyÂ linearÂ Â Â acceleratorsÂ (Linacs)Â produceÂ neutronsÂ asÂ aÂ resultÂ ofÂ photonuclearÂ reactionsÂ mainlyÂ withÂ theÂ differentÂ materialsÂ constitutingÂ theÂ acceleratorÂ head.Â TheÂ neutronsÂ producedÂ duringÂ highÂ energyÂ radiotherapyÂ shouldÂ beÂ consideredÂ inÂ termsÂ ofÂ protectionÂ andÂ oseÂ escalation.Â Due Â toÂ theÂ veryÂ intenseÂ photonÂ componentÂ inÂ theÂ LinacÂ fieldÂ causingÂ pulseÂ pile-upÂ andÂ dead-timeÂ effectsÂ inÂ detectors,Â measurementÂ ofÂ theÂ correspondingÂ neutronÂ doseÂ byÂ activeÂ dosimetersÂ isÂ extremelyÂ troublesome.Â InÂ thisÂ study,Â theÂ neutronÂ probeÂ LBÂ 6411,Â whichÂ activeÂ detectorÂ ofÂ 3HeÂ proportionalÂ counterÂ tubeÂ wasÂ replacedÂ withÂ theÂ passiveÂ detectorsÂ ofÂ TLD600Â andÂ TLD700,Â hasÂ beenÂ usedÂ toÂ performÂ neutronÂ measurementsÂ atÂ fourÂ pointsÂ aroundÂ theÂ 18Â MVÂ VarianÂ 2100CÂ LinacÂ facility.Â TheÂ neutronÂ doseÂ equivalentÂ atÂ theÂ distanceÂ ofÂ 1Â andÂ 2Â mÂ fromÂ theÂ isocentreÂ onÂ theÂ patientÂ couchÂ wasÂ obtainedÂ 2.2Â andÂ 0.75Â mSv.Gy-1Â respectively.Â AccordingÂ toÂ theÂ results,Â theÂ doseÂ equivalentÂ fromÂ emittedÂ photoneutronsÂ isÂ notÂ negligibleÂ andÂ thereforeÂ treatmentÂ conditionsÂ shouldÂ beÂ optimized.Â TheÂ resultsÂ ofÂ thisÂ studyÂ emphasizedÂ thatÂ TLD600Â andÂ TLD700Â dosimetersÂ insideÂ theÂ polyethyleneÂ sphereÂ ofÂ neutronÂ probeÂ LBÂ 6411Â isÂ anÂ appropriateÂ choiceÂ forÂ studyingÂ photoneutronÂ productionÂ inÂ theÂ vicinityÂ ofÂ theÂ accelerator.
TRAPPING CAPABILITY OF MICROLENS 2D ARRAY BY ACOUSTIC MODULATION
Authors: Ho Quang Quy , Nguyen Van Thinh , Chu Van Lanh 
Published: November 2018

In this article, the microlens 2D array created in acoustic-optical medium by the ultrasonic wave modulation is proposed. The expression described the refractive index induced by cross-interference of two perpendicular ultrasonic waves is approximately derived. By simulation, the 2D array of the Gradedâ€“refractive index lenses are appeared in the thin layer with certain strain-acoutstic constant and thickness.Â TheÂ dependence ofÂ focal length and the radius of lens, i.e. its numerical aperture (AN) on thickness and strain constant of layer, and ultrasonic wave intensity are simulated and trapping capability of optical tweezer array is discussed.
Transition in spacetime
Authors: Korany Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

The universe has two main dimensions spatial dimension (consists of three dimensions directional X, Y, Z) and the other dimension is the temporal dimension. Time and space are linked strongly inseparable so we will consider the time and place one Is the dimension of spacetime (as proved Einstein in his theory of relativity). Spacetime dimension includes the temporal dimension and spatial dimension (the three dimensions of space).Â Spacetime dimension two (real spacetime â€“ Vision spacetime). Â Spacetime has two cases:Â Â Â 1- Navigate spacetimeÂ Â Â Â Â Â 2- The change in spacetime. spacetime is Personally like a fingerprint and it always variable ( everyone has Personally spacetime and there are not find two of spacetime are the same.
Collisionless damping of plasma waves as a real physical phenomenon does not exist
Authors: Soshnikov V. N. 
Published: November 2018

Trivial logic of collisionless plasma waves is reduced to using complex exponentially damping/growing waveÂ functions to obtain a complex dispersion equation for their wave number 1 k and the decrement/increment 2 k (for aÂ given real frequency ï· and complex wave number k ï‚º k1 ï€­ ik2 ), whose solutions are ghosts 1 2 k , k which do not haveÂ anything to do at 2 k ï‚¹ 0 with the real solution of the dispersion equation for the initial exponentially damping/growingÂ real plasma waves with the physically observable quantities 1 2 k , k , for which finding should be added, in this case, theÂ second equation of the energy conservation law. Using a complex dispersion equation for the simultaneousÂ determination of 1 k and 2 k violates the law of energy conservation, leads to a number of contradictions, is logicalÂ error, and finally also the mathematical error leading to both erroneous statement on the possible existence ofÂ exponentially damping/growing harmonic wave solutions and to erroneous values 1 k and 2 k . Mathematically correctÂ conclusion about the damping/growing of virtual complex waves of collisionless plasma is wrongly attributed to theÂ actual real plasma waves.
MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING NANO CRYSTALLINE CERAMIC YSrBiCuO BY THERMAL TECHNIQUES
Authors: Isac Jayakumari , Mony Anusha , G. Nair Harikrishnan , Jacob Reenu , Issac Sheelakumari , Vinila V. S. , Rajan Sam , S. Nair Anitha , Satheesh D. J. 
Published: November 2018

The nano-sized ceramic superconducting material YSBCO havingÂ perovskite structure was prepared according to the chemical formula by the thermo chemical solid state reaction technique using a high-energy ball milling process through mechanically assisted synthesis. It was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. Here the authours studied the thermal characterizationÂ usingÂ TGA, DTA and DSC.
Experimental Confirmation of Avogadroâ€™s Law for Thermal Radiation
Authors: Ivanov Mikhail Jakovlevich , Mamaev Vadim Konstantinovich , Tsvetkov Igor Viktorovich , Zhestkov Grigoriy Borisovich 
Published: November 2018

Experimental study of pressure variation in metal empty sealed container in low vacuum conditions (0.1-10 mbar) for temperature range from 290 to 1490 K is presented. Three characteristic areas of pressure variation were registered: the pressure growth in accordance with Avogadroâ€™s law in the temperature range from 290 to 700-800 K, the pressure drop in the temperature range from 800 to 1300 K and again the intensive pressure increasing in the temperature range from 1300 to 1490 K.Â Possible causes of registered pressure variation in sealed container with increasing temperature and then cooling to its original conditions were analyzed. One of the more active causes is thermal radiation action in metal empty sealed container.