bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The matter fluctuation amplitude inferred from the weak lensing power spectrum and correlation function in CFHTLenS data
Authors: Lu Tianhuan , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Based on the cosmic shear data from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS), Kilbinger et al. obtained a constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations of σ8(Ωm/0.27)0.6 = 0.79 ± 0.03 from the two-point correlation function (2PCF). This is ≈3σ lower than the value 0.89 ± 0.01 derived from Planck data on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. On the other hand, based on the same CFHTLenS data, but using the power spectrum, and performing a different analysis, Liu et al. obtained the higher value of $\sigma _8(\Omega _\mathrm{m}/0.27)^{0.64}=0.87^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$. We here investigate the origin of this difference, by performing a fair side-by-side comparison of the 2PCF and power spectrum analyses on CFHTLenS data. We find that these two statistics indeed deliver different results, even when applied to the same data in an otherwise identical procedure. We identify excess power in the data on small scales (ℓ &gt; 5000) driving the larger values inferred from the power spectrum. We speculate on the possible origin of this excess small-scale power. More generally, our results highlight the utility of analysing the 2PCF and the power spectrum in tandem, to discover (and to help control) systematic errors.
GJ 357: a low-mass planetary system uncovered by precision radial velocities and dynamical simulations
Authors: Jenkins J S , Pozuelos F J , Tuomi M , Berdiñas Z M , Díaz M R , Vines J I , Suárez Juan C , Peña Rojas P A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of a new planetary system orbiting the nearby M2.5V star GJ 357, using precision radial velocities from three separate echelle spectrographs, High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS), High Resolution Echelle Spectrograph (HiRES), and Ultraviolet and Visible Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). Three small planets have been confirmed in the system, with periods of 9.125 ± 0.001, 3.9306 ± 0.0003, and 55.70 ± 0.05 d, and minimum masses of 3.33 ± 0.48, 2.09 ± 0.32, and 6.72 ± 0.94 M⊕, respectively. The second planet in our system, GJ 357 c, was recently shown to transit by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), but we could find no transit signatures for the other two planets. Dynamical analysis reveals the system is likely to be close to coplanar, is stable on Myr time-scales, and places strong upper limits on the masses of the two non-transiting planets GJ 357 b and GJ 357 d of 4.25 and 11.20 M⊕, respectively. Therefore, we confirm the system contains at least two super-Earths, and either a third super-Earth or mini-Neptune planet. GJ 357 b  and  GJ 357 c are found to be close to a 7:3 mean motion resonance, however no libration of the orbital parameters was found in our simulations. Analysis of the photometric light curve of the star from the TESS, when combined with our radial velocities, reveals GJ 357 c has an absolute mass, radius, and density of $2.248^{+0.117}_{-0.120}$ M⊕, $1.167^{+0.037}_{-0.036}$ R⊕, and $7.757^{+0.889}_{-0.789}$ g cm−3, respectively. Comparison to super-Earth structure models reveals the planet is likely an iron-dominated world. The GJ 357 system adds to the small sample of low-mass planetary systems with well constrained masses, and further observational and dynamical follow-up is warranted to better understand the overall population of small multiplanet systems in the solar neighbourhood.
Neutron star radius measurement from the ultraviolet and soft X-ray thermal emission of PSR J0437−4715
Authors: González-Caniulef Denis , Guillot Sebastien , Reisenegger Andreas 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We analysed the thermal emission from the entire surface of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0437−4715 observed in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray bands. For this, we calculated non-magnetized, partially ionized atmosphere models of hydrogen, helium, and iron compositions and included plasma frequency effects that may affect the emergent spectrum. This is particularly true for the coldest atmospheres composed of iron (up to a few per cent changes in the soft X-ray flux). Employing a Markov chain Monte Carlo method, we found that the spectral fits favour a hydrogen atmosphere, disfavour a helium composition, and rule out iron atmosphere and blackbody models. By using a Gaussian prior on the dust extinction, based on the latest 3D map of Galactic dust, and accounting for the presence of hot polar caps found in the previous work, we found that the hydrogen atmosphere model results in a well-constrained neutron star radius ${R_{\rm NS}}= 13.6^{+0.9}_{-0.8}{\, {\rm km}}$ and bulk surface temperature ${T_{\rm eff}^{\infty }}=\left(2.3\pm 0.1\right){\times 10^{5}}{\, {\rm K}}$. This relatively large radius favours a stiff equation of state and disfavours a strange quark composition inside neutron stars.
Region-specific transcriptomic and functional signatures of mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis
Authors: Battistone Maria A , Mendelsohn Alexandra C , Spallanzani Raul German , Brown Dennis , Nair Anil V , Breton Sylvie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the epididymis, prevention of autoimmune responses against spermatozoa and simultaneous protection against pathogens is important for male fertility. We have previously shown that mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are located either in the epididymal interstitium or in close proximity to the epithelium. In the initial segments (IS), these ‘intraepithelial’ MPs extend slender luminal-reaching projections between epithelial cells. In this study, we performed an in-depth characterisation of MPs isolated from IS, caput–corpus and cauda epididymis of CX3CR1EGFP+/− mice that express EGFP in these cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed region-specific subsets of MPs that express combinations of markers traditionally described in ‘dendritic cells’ or ‘macrophages’. RNA sequencing identified distinct transcriptomic signatures in MPs from each region and revealed specific genes involved in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, phagosomal activity and antigen processing and presentation. Functional fluorescent in vivo labelling assays showed that higher percentages of CX3CR1+ MPs that captured and processed antigens were detected in the IS compared to other regions. Confocal microscopy showed that in the IS, caput and corpus, circulatory antigens were internalised and processed by interstitial and intraepithelial MPs. However, in the cauda only interstitial MPs internalised and processed antigens, while intraepithelial MPs did not take up antigens, indicating that all antigens have been captured before they reached the epithelial lining. Cauda MPs may thus confer a stronger protection against blood-borne pathogens compared to proximal regions. By identifying immunoregulatory mechanisms in the epididymis, our study may lead to new therapies for male infertility and epididymitis and identify potential targets for immunocontraception.
Retrotransposons spread potential cis-regulatory elements during mammary gland evolution
Authors: Nishihara Hidenori 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Acquisition of cis-elements is a major driving force for rewiring a gene regulatory network. Several kinds of transposable elements (TEs), mostly retrotransposons that propagate via a copy-and-paste mechanism, are known to possess transcription factor binding motifs and have provided source sequences for enhancers/promoters. However, it remains largely unknown whether retrotransposons have spread the binding sites of master regulators of morphogenesis and accelerated cis-regulatory expansion involved in common mammalian morphological features during evolution. Here, I demonstrate that thousands of binding sites for estrogen receptor α (ERα) and three related pioneer factors (FoxA1, GATA3 and AP2γ) that are essential regulators of mammary gland development arose from a spreading of the binding motifs by retrotransposons. The TE-derived functional elements serve primarily as distal enhancers and are enriched around genes associated with mammary gland morphogenesis. The source TEs occurred via a two-phased expansion consisting of mainly L2/MIR in a eutherian ancestor and endogenous retrovirus 1 (ERV1) in simian primates and murines. Thus the build-up of potential sources for cis-elements by retrotransposons followed by their frequent utilization by the host (co-option/exaptation) may have a general accelerating effect on both establishing and diversifying a gene regulatory network, leading to morphological innovation.
Emotional demands, compassion and mental health in social workers
Authors: Kinman G , Grant L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Compassion, described as the act of providing care based on empathy, dignity and respect, is intrinsic to effective health and social care. Although delivering compassionate care has wide-ranging benefits for service users, more insight is needed into its effects on health and social care professionals. The emotional demands of ‘helping’ work can engender compassion fatigue that may impair well-being, whereas compassion satisfaction and feelings of compassion towards the self could be protective.

Aims
To examine the effects (direct and indirect) of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and self-compassion on mental health in a cohort of social workers.

Methods
We used validated scales to measure emotional demands, compassion satisfaction and fatigue, and self-compassion and the General Health Questionnaire-12 to assess mental health. We tested the main and moderating effects of emotional demands and the three facets of compassion using hierarchical regression analysis.

Results
The study sample comprised 306 social workers (79% female). Participants who reported higher levels of compassion satisfaction and self-compassion tended to report better mental health, whereas compassion fatigue was a significant risk factor for well-being. The models explained 44–53% of the variance in mental health symptoms. We found some evidence that compassion satisfaction and self-compassion buffer the negative effects of emotional demand on mental health, contributing 2 and 3%, respectively, to the incremental variance.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce compassion fatigue and enhance compassion satisfaction and self-compassion in social care work. We consider ways to accomplish this using targeted interventions.
Factors Influencing the Size and Duration of School Varicella Outbreaks in Shanghai, China, in the Era of Voluntary Single-Dose Vaccination
Authors: Wu Qiangsong , Zhang Linwei , Liu Jingyi , Chen Yuanfang , Zhou Qi , Xuan Zeliang , Hu Yi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Varicella outbreaks continue to occur in schools. We assessed potential factors associated with the size and duration of 560 school-based outbreaks in Shanghai, China. Outbreaks occurring in primary and middle schools involved more cases and had longer durations, and conducting postexposure prophylaxis campaigns was an effective strategy for outbreak control.
Comparative Effectiveness of Embedded Mental Health Services in Pain Management Clinics vs Standard Care
Authors: Gillman Andrea , Zhang Di , Jarquin Susan , Karp Jordan F , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Wasan Ajay D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Embedded behavioral medicine services are a common component of multidisciplinary chronic pain treatment programs. However, few studies have studied whether these services are associated with improved treatment outcomes.

Methods
Using a retrospective, matched, two-cohort study design, we examined patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain, mental health, and physical function measures, collected at every clinic visit in every patient. Changes from baseline through 12 months were compared in those receiving embedded Behavioral Medicine in addition to usual care to a Standard Care group seen in the same pain practice and weighted via propensity scoring.

Results
At baseline, Behavioral Medicine patients had worse scores on most pain, mental health, and physical health measures and were more likely to be female, a member of a racial minority, and have lower socioeconomic status. Regardless of having a worse clinical pain syndrome at baseline, at follow-up both Behavioral Medicine (N = 451) and Standard Care patients (N = 8,383) showed significant and comparable improvements in pain intensity, physical function, depression, and sleep disturbance. Behavioral Medicine patients showed significantly greater improvements in their global impressions of change than the Standard Care patients.

Conclusions
Despite worse pain and physical and psychological functioning at baseline, Behavioral Medicine patients showed improvements comparable to patients not receiving these services. Further, Behavioral Medicine patients report higher global impressions of change, indicating that embedded mental health services appear to have the additive value of amplifying the benefits of multimodal pain care.
Prescription Opioid Misuse Motives in US Older Adults
Authors: Schepis Ty S , Wastila Linda , Ammerman Beth , McCabe Vita V , McCabe Sean Esteban 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate age-based differences in prescription opioid misuse (POM) motives and to evaluate substance use and mental and physical health correlates of POM motive categories in older adults.

Design
Data were from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), a nationally representative US survey.

Setting
The NSDUH is a household survey.

Subjects
A total of 5,826 US residents with past-year POM; 415 were 50 years and older (7.1%).

Methods
Nine POM motives were assessed among those engaged in past-year POM, grouped into three categories: solely physical pain relief, solely non–pain relief, or mixed motives. Prevalence of POM motives were calculated by age group, with logistic models examining age-based differences. Finally, odds of substance use and mental and physical health correlates by motive category were calculated via logistic models in older adults.

Results
POM motivated solely by physical pain relief increased from 35.1% in young adults to 65.4% in older adults; in older adults, 84.7% of POM episodes involved pain relief as a motive. POM for solely non–pain relief or mixed motives was associated with greater odds, vs pain relief only, of past-year benzodiazepine misuse (odds ratio [OR] = 4.43 and 6.15, respectively), any substance use disorder (OR = 5.57 and 5.60, respectively), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.05 and 3.56, respectively) in older adults.

Conclusions
. POM motives change over the lifespan, with increasing POM for pain relief with aging. Comprehensive nonopioid pain management is needed for those engaged in POM for pain relief, and substance use and mental health treatment are needed for those with non–pain relief motives.
Evolution and rapid spread of a reassortant A(H3N2) virus that predominated the 2017–2018 influenza season
Authors: Potter Barney I , Kondor Rebecca , Hadfield James , Huddleston John , Barnes John , Rowe Thomas , Guo Lizheng , Xu Xiyan , Neher Richard A , Bedford Trevor , Wentworth David E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The 2017–2018 North American influenza season caused more hospitalizations and deaths than any year since the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. The majority of recorded influenza infections were caused by A(H3N2) viruses, with most of the virus’s North American diversity falling into the A2 clade. Within A2, we observe a subclade which we call A2/re that rose to comprise almost 70 per cent of A(H3N2) viruses circulating in North America by early 2018. Unlike most fast-growing clades, however, A2/re contains no amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin (HA) segment. Moreover, hemagglutination inhibition assays did not suggest substantial antigenic differences between A2/re viruses and viruses sampled during the 2016–2017 season. Rather, we observe that the A2/re clade was the result of a reassortment event that occurred in late 2016 or early 2017 and involved the combination of the HA and PB1 segments of an A2 virus with neuraminidase (NA) and other segments a virus from the clade A1b. The success of this clade shows the need for antigenic analysis that targets NA in addition to HA. Our results illustrate the potential for non-HA drivers of viral success and necessitate the need for more thorough tracking of full viral genomes to better understand the dynamics of influenza epidemics.
The life aquatic with spiders (Araneae): repeated evolution of aquatic habitat association in Dictynidae and allied taxa
Authors: Crews Sarah C , Garcia Erika L , Spagna Joseph C , Van Dam Matthew H , Esposito Lauren A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the dominance of terrestriality in spiders, species across a diverse array of families are associated with aquatic habitats. Many species in the spider family Dictynidae are associated with water, either living near it or, in the case of Argyroneta aquatica, in it. Previous studies have indicated that this association arose once within the family. Here we test the hypothesis of a single origin via the broadest phylogeny of dictynids and related ‘marronoids’ to date, using several taxa that were not previously sampled in molecular analyses to provide the first quantitative test of the hypothesis put forth by Wheeler et al. (2016). We sampled 281 terminal taxa from 14 families, assembling a matrix with 4380 total base pairs of data from most taxa. We also assembled an atlas of morphological traits with potential significance for both ecology and taxonomy. Our resulting trees indicate that an aquatic habitat association has arisen multiple times within dictynids. Dictynidae and the genus Dictyna are polyphyletic and the genera Lathys and Cicurina remain unplaced. A review of aquatic habitat associations in spiders indicates that it occurs in members of at least 21 families. With our morphological atlas, we explore characters that have been implicated in aiding an aquatic lifestyle, which in the past may have caused confusion regarding taxon placement. Our results indicate that not all spiders with traits thought to be useful for aquatic habitat associations occupy such habitats, and that some spider taxa lacking these traits are nonetheless associated with water.
Maintaining Safety and Planning for the Future
Authors: Allen Candice , Fehr Karla K. , Nyp Sarah S. 
Published: October 2019

CASE:Kevin is a 12-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability (nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in mid-40s), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who has been followed by a developmental-behavioral pediatrician (DBP) and a child psychologist for medication and behavioral management since he was 4 years old. Kevin was placed in the care of his great-great-aunt shortly after he turned 2 years of age because of concerns of neglect. She is now his legal guardian.Kevin is predominately nonverbal but does use a few single words to make requests or label items. He attends a public school and receives full-time special education support. He has a personal care assistant (PCA) who provides in-home support 5 to 6 days/wk for 3 to 4 hours at a time. The PCA is working on toilet training, using a “clock-training” approach, and also takes Kevin outdoors to play or on short outings during her visits. In his free time, Kevin prefers to watch cooking shows on television.Over the past year, Kevin's behaviors have become more concerning. There have been several episodes of Kevin waking up during the early morning hours and going to the kitchen to “cook.” After one of these episodes, his guardian was not aware that Kevin had woken up until the next morning when she found a concoction of corn starch, coffee grounds, cottage cheese, and powdered drink mix in the blender. Kevin had also woken up during the night and ventured out of the house into the back yard. His guardian had woken up immediately as the alarm system sounded when he opened the outer door from the house to the yard.A door alarm was added to Kevin's bedroom door so that his guardian would be alerted when he leaves his bedroom; however, the alarm is not used consistently because there are times when the alarm cannot be found at bedtime. Kevin's guardian was able to obtain a Global Positioning System (GPS) device for him to wear on his shoe from the local police department. He wears this without resistance every day.Kevin's guardian is in her mid-70s, and she has had several health issues over the past 2 to 3 years. There are no other family members who are willing or able to care for Kevin if his guardian were no longer able to. The DBP and child psychologist have encouraged Kevin's guardian to explore long-term residential care options with the state agency that provides support for individuals with intellectual disabilities and with Kevin's insurance provider, but the guardian is very reluctant to do this. She fears that Kevin will be removed from her care or placed in a “home” where someone will “do bad things to him.”What else would you recommend or actions would you take to support Kevin's guardian in ensuring Kevin's safety and planning for his future care?
Development of a Joint Commission Disease-Specific Care Certification Program for Parkinson Disease in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Azmi Hooman , Cocoziello Lisa , Harvey Renee , McGee Margaret , Desai Nilesh , Thomas Jewell , Jacob Blessy , Rocco Anthony , Keating Karen , Thomas Florian P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) admitted to the hospital for any reason are at a higher risk of hospital-related complications. Frequent causes include delays in administering PD medications or use of contraindicated medications. The Joint Commission Disease-Specific Care (DSC) program has been used to establish a systematic approach to the care of specific inpatient populations. Once obtained, this certification demonstrates a commitment to patient care and safety, which is transparent to the public and can improve quality of care.

METHODS
We formalized our efforts to improve the care of hospitalized patients with PD by pursuing Joint Commission DSC. An interprofessional team was assembled to include nurses, therapists, physicians, pharmacists, performance improvement specialists, and data analysts. The team identified quality metrics based on clinical guidelines. In addition, a large educational campaign was undertaken. Application to the Joint Commission for DSC resulted in a successful June 15, 2018 site visit. To our knowledge, this is the first DSC program in PD in an acute care hospital.

CONCLUSION
Using the established platform of DSC certification from the Joint Commission, we developed a program based on relevant metrics that aims to address medication management of patients with PD admitted to the hospital. Our hope is to improve the care of this vulnerable patient population.