bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Approaches to Design Electrocatalysts Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives
Authors: Liu Juan , Hou Shujin , Li Weijin , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRational design and synthesis of efficient electrocatalysts are important constituents in addressing the currently growing provision issues. Typical reactions, which are important to catalyze in this respect, include CO2 reduction, the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions as well as the oxygen reduction reaction. The most efficient catalysts known up‐to‐date for these processes usually contain expensive and scarce elements, substantially impeding implementation of such electrocatalysts at a larger scale. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives containing affordable components and building blocks, as an emerging class of porous functional materials, have been recently attracting a great attention thanks to their tunable structure and composition together with high surface area, just to name a few. Up to now, several MOFs and MOF‐derivatives have been reported as electrode materials for the energy‐related electrocatalytic application. In this review article, we summarize and analyze current approaches to design such materials. The design strategies to improve the Faradaic efficiency and selectivity of these catalysts are discussed. Last but not least, we discuss some novel strategies to enhance the conductivity, chemical stability and efficiency of MOF‐derived electrocatalysts.
Zur Ermittlung von Zwangschnittgrößen in einachsig gespannten Hochbaudecken
Authors: Dridiger Andreas , Albert Andrej , Schnell Jürgen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStahlbetonhochbaudecken sind im Regelfall einer kombinierten Beanspruchung aus Last und Zwang unterworfen. Die hierbei für die Bemessung erforderliche Größe der Zwangkraft kann angesichts ihrer direkten Verknüpfung mit der Steifigkeit nur mithilfe von physikalisch nichtlinearen Berechnungen mit befriedigender Genauigkeit abgeschätzt werden. Für Tragwerksplaner wäre ein solches Vorgehen jedoch mit einem unverhältnismäßig hohen Aufwand verbunden. In der Praxis ist es daher üblich, an jeder Stelle eines Bauteils den größeren derjenigen Bewehrungsquerschnitte einzulegen, die sich aus Last oder aus Zwang ergeben. Die zur Aufnahme des Zwangs erforderliche Bewehrung wird hierbei basierend auf der Erstrisskraft des jeweiligen Querschnitts gewählt. Dieses Vorgehen ist aber in vielen Fällen unwirtschaftlich und kann auch auf der unsicheren Seite liegen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Ressourcenschonende Reduktion von Bewehrungsstahl in Hochbaudecken“ wurde ein Näherungsverfahren erarbeitet, welches eine wirklichkeitsnahe Abschätzung der Zwanglängskraft infolge einer behinderten Schwindverformung erlaubt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Näherungsverfahren vorgestellt sowie dessen Anwendung anhand von zwei Beispielen erläutert.
Phase I trial of TAK‐385 in hormone treatment‐naïve Japanese patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Uemura Hiroji , Mizokami Atsushi , Hayashi Narihiko , Miyoshi Yasuhide , Nagamori Satoshi , Enomoto Yutaka , Akaza Hideyuki , Asato Takayuki , Kitagawa Tadayuki , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis open‐label, phase I dose‐finding study evaluated the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist, TAK‐385, in Japanese patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. In a two‐part design, patients received daily oral TAK‐385 at doses of 320 (loading, day 1)/80 (maintenance, day 2 and thereafter), 320/120, 320/160, or 360/120 mg for 28 days in a dose‐escalation phase (part A, n = 13), and at 320/80 or 320/120 mg for up to 96 weeks in a randomized expansion phase (part B, n = 30). Primary endpoint in both parts was safety, including dose‐limiting toxicity in part A. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and prostate‐specific antigen concentration. Ten (77%) patients in part A and all patients in part B experienced an adverse event; hot flush (part A, n = 4; part B, n = 15), viral upper respiratory tract infection (part A, n = 1; part B, n = 10), and diarrhea (part B, n = 8) were most frequent. No dose‐limiting toxicities were observed (part A). In 12 evaluable patients (part A), TAK‐385 was rapidly absorbed after a single loading dose; on day 28 (maintenance dose), median steady‐state Tmax was ~1‐2 hours and mean t1/2z was 67‐79 hours. All doses rapidly reduced testosterone concentrations to castration levels within 1 week. Durable reductions in prostate‐specific antigen of >90% from baseline were observed through 96 weeks. TAK‐385 appeared tolerable and resulted in sustained reductions in testosterone to castration levels at all doses. The lowest loading/maintenance dose required for a clinical effect was 320/80 mg.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02141659.
Left main percutaneous coronary intervention—Radial versus femoral access: A systematic analysis
Authors: Goel Sunny , Pasam Ravi T. , Raheja Hitesh , Gotesman Joseph , Gidwani Umesh , Ahuja Keerat R. , Reed Grant , Puri Rishi , Khatri Jai K. , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDebate still occurs of the benefits of transradial access (TRA) versus transfemoral access (TFA), especially for complex percutaneous coronary interventions. Recent data has shown equivalent efficacy and improved safety outcomes with TRA.ObjectivesTo systematically review and perform a meta‐analysis comparing procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes of TRA versus TFA in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for left main (LM) disease.MethodsWe conducted an electronic database search of all published data for studies that compared TRA with TFA in patients undergoing PCI of LM disease. Event rates were compared using the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of effect size. Random‐effects models were used to account for interstudy heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 12 observational studies including 17,258 patients (TRA n = 7,971; TFA n = 9,287) were included. Compared to TFA, TRA was associated with a significant reduction in access site bleeding (OR = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04–0.26; I2 = 0%; p < .0001), major bleeding (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.27–0.69; I2 = 0%; p = .0005) or any bleeding episode (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.27–0.69; I2 = 12%; p = .0004). Rates of access site or vascular complications (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.17–0.40; I2 = 0%; p < .00001) and in‐hospital mortality (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.31–0.79: I2 = 11%; p = .004) were also lower in the TRA group. There were no significant differences in procedural outcomes between TRA and TFA except for a significant reduction in the rate of long‐term target vessel revascularization (TVR) in the TRA group (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.41–0.94: I2 = 0%: p = .02). We further performed a subgroup analysis for unprotected left main PCI only, which showed a significant reduction in rates of any bleeding episode, lower access site or vascular complications, and in‐hospital mortality with TRA as compared to TFA.ConclusionPatients undergoing PCI for LM disease via TRA have with less bleeding, reduced access site or vascular complications, reduced in‐hospital mortality, comparable procedural success, and possibly better long‐term clinical efficacy when compared to those undergoing the procedure via TFA.
A case of hepatic pseudolymphoma in a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Inoue Masashi , Tanemura Masahiro , Yuba Tomio , Miyamoto Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Megumi , Irei Toshimitsu , Seo Shingo , Misumi Toshihiro , Shimizu Wataru , Suzuki Takahisa , Onoe Takashi , Sudo Takeshi , Shimizu Yosuke , Hinoi Takao , Tashiro Hirotaka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHepatic pseudolymphoma is a very rare benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia associated with autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis and may mimic hepatocellular carcinoma. This diagnosis should be suspected in female with a suspicious single tumor. Close monitoring is needed in view of its premalignant nature.
Redesigning the rCUDA communication layer for a better adaptation to the underlying hardware
Authors: Reaño Carlos , Silla Federico 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) has become a very popular way to accelerate the execution of many applications. However, GPUs are not exempt from side effects. For instance, GPUs are expensive devices which additionally consume a non‐negligible amount of energy even when they are not performing any computation. Furthermore, most applications present low GPU utilization. To address these concerns, the use of GPU virtualization has been proposed. In particular, remote GPU virtualization is a promising technology that allows applications to transparently leverage GPUs installed in any node of the cluster. In this paper, the remote GPU virtualization mechanism is comparatively analyzed across three different generations of GPUs. The first contribution of this study is an analysis about how the performance of the remote GPU virtualization technique is impacted by the underlying hardware. To that end, the Tesla K20, Tesla K40, and Tesla P100 GPUs along with FDR and EDR InfiniBand fabrics are used in the study. The analysis is performed in the context of the rCUDA middleware. It is clearly shown that the GPU virtualization middleware requires a comprehensive design of its communication layer, which should be perfectly adapted to every hardware generation in order to avoid a reduction in performance. This is precisely the second contribution of this work, ie, redesigning the rCUDA communication layer in order to improve the management of the underlying hardware. Results show that it is possible to improve bandwidth up to 29.43%, which translates into up to 4.81% average less execution time in the performance of the analyzed applications.
Dog‐assisted therapy in the dental clinic. Part B. Hazards and assessment of potential risks to the health and safety of the dental therapy dog
Authors: Gussgard Anne M. , Weese J. Scott , Hensten Arne , Jokstad Asbjørn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA dental therapy dog may help anxious patients in the dental clinic overcome their fear and facilitate the completion of necessary dental care. Dental clinic activities are associated with hazards that may pose potential risks to the health and safety of the dental therapy dog.ObjectivesTo describe potential hazards associated with risks to health and safety to therapy dogs in dental clinics and to present suggestions for risk minimisation by adopting best practices in dental clinic settings.Materials and methodLiterature searches in Medline, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar for qualitative and quantitative assessments of occupational hazards and risks in dental clinics, in combination with a review of the reference list of the included studies. Identified hazards and risks were analysed relative to their relevance for the health and welfare of a therapy dog present in a dental clinic setting.ResultsWorkplace hazards in the dental clinic that apply to both humans and therapy dogs are allergies, sharps injury, eye injury, stress, rhinitis, hearing impairment, and other hazards. Additional concerns associated with risks for the dental therapy dog are situations involving erratic patient behaviour and threats if the patient is an undisclosed disease carrier. Risks to the health and safety of the dental therapy dog in the clinics are present but are low if the dental clinical staff and dog handlers comply with best practices.ConclusionsBest practice includes awareness amongst the clinic staff and the dog handler of all potential hazards in the dental clinic and on how to reduce these hazards as well as adverse events that may scare the dental therapy dog. The dental therapy dog team must be specially trained to work in a dental clinic. Each treatment session has to be exclusively tailored to that specific appointment and the individual patient.
Analysis of power‐frequency trade‐offs in millimeter‐wave CMOS oscillators
Authors: Afzalian Amard , Miar‐Naimi Hossein , Dousti Massoud 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this paper, considering the nonlinear effects in two ports consisting of transistor, a general method is proposed for estimating the amplitude of high‐frequency ring oscillators. The proposed method can be generalized to various structures that can be disassembled into similar two ports. Moreover, in each CMOS process, a design procedure can be followed to obtain the desired output power and frequency. This is the first time that the frequency and amplitude of oscillator are related to each other in a system of nonlinear equations. First, considering the maximum achievable oscillation frequency, the analysis of ring oscillator structure is performed for the given output power. The results show that the proposed structure operates at 7 to 18% higher oscillation frequency compared with conventional structures. In the next step, assuming that the oscillator structure and passive network topology are known, another system of nonlinear equations is defined for designing the oscillator for the given frequency and amplitude of oscillation. Finally, the implicit solution, which includes the passive network elements connecting to the transistor, is obtained. The results of equations follow the simulation results with an acceptable error (1% frequency error and about 5% amplitude error).
Natural products and their derivatives as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Patil Pooja , Thakur Ashima , Sharma Abha , Flora Swaran Jeet Singh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), a complex neurodegenerative disorder causing multiple cellular changes including impaired cholinergic system, beta‐amyloid (βA) aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, metal dyshomeostasis, neuroinflammation, and many other pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the exact cause of the disease is not known. Natural products such as flavonoids, alkaloids, resveratrol, and curcumin have multifunctional properties, and have drawn the attention of the researchers because these molecules are capable of interacting concurrently with the multiple targets of AD. Therefore, natural products and their derivatives with proven efficacy could be used in the management of the neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the natural product based multitarget directed ligands like tacrine‐coumarin, tacrine‐huperzine A, harmine‐isoxazoline, berberine‐thiophenyl, galantamine‐indole, pyridoxine‐resveratrol, donepezil‐curcumin and their mode of action.
Social experience during adolescence in female rats increases 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in adulthood, without affecting anxiety‐like behavior
Authors: Emmerson Michael G. , Spencer Karen A. , Brown Gillian R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdolescents are highly motivated to engage in social interactions, and researchers have hypothesized that positive social relationships during adolescence can have long term, beneficial effects on stress reactivity and mental well‐being. Studies of laboratory rodents provide the opportunity to investigate the relationship between early social experiences and later behavioral and physiological responses to stressors. In this study, female Lister‐hooded rats (N = 12 per group) were either (a) provided with short, daily encounters (10 min/day) with a novel partner during mid‐adolescence (postnatal day 34–45; “social experience,” SE, subjects) or (b) underwent the same protocol with a familiar cagemate during mid‐adolescence (“control experience,” CE, subjects), or (c) were left undisturbed in the home cage (non‐handled “control,” C, subjects). When tested in adulthood, the groups did not differ in behavioral responses to novel environments (elevated plus maze, open field, and light‐dark box) or in behavioral and physiological (urinary corticosterone) responses to novel social partners. However, SE females emitted significantly more 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations than control subjects both before and after social separation from a familiar social partner, which is consistent with previous findings in male rats. Thus, enhanced adolescent social experience appears to have long‐term effects on vocal communication and could potentially modulate adult social relationships.
Collinearity in ecological niche modeling: Confusions and challenges
Authors: Feng Xiao , Park Daniel S. , Liang Ye , Pandey Ranjit , Papeş Monica 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEcological niche models are widely used in ecology and biogeography. Maxent is one of the most frequently used niche modeling tools, and many studies have aimed to optimize its performance. However, scholars have conflicting views on the treatment of predictor collinearity in Maxent modeling. Despite this lack of consensus, quantitative examinations of the effects of collinearity on Maxent modeling, especially in model transfer scenarios, are lacking. To address this knowledge gap, here we quantify the effects of collinearity under different scenarios of Maxent model training and projection. We separately examine the effects of predictor collinearity, collinearity shifts between training and testing data, and environmental novelty on model performance. We demonstrate that excluding highly correlated predictor variables does not significantly influence model performance. However, we find that collinearity shift and environmental novelty have significant negative effects on the performance of model transfer. We thus conclude that (a) Maxent is robust to predictor collinearity in model training; (b) the strategy of excluding highly correlated variables has little impact because Maxent accounts for redundant variables; and (c) collinearity shift and environmental novelty can negatively affect Maxent model transferability. We therefore recommend to quantify and report collinearity shift and environmental novelty to better infer model accuracy when models are spatially and/or temporally transferred.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 in patients with cardiac cachexia: a possible role of chronic inflammation
Authors: Refsgaard Holm Maria , Christensen Heidi , Rasmussen Jon , Johansen Marie Louise , Schou Morten , Faber Jens , Kistorp Caroline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsCardiac cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and high mortality. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) are associated with cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammation. We investigated FGF‐21 and MCP‐1 in relations to cardiac function, inflammation, and wasting in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and cardiac cachexia.Methods and resultsPlasma FGF‐21 and MCP‐1 were measured in a cross‐sectional study among the three study groups: 19 patients with HFrEF with cardiac cachexia, 19 patients with HFrEF without cachexia, and 19 patients with ischaemic heart disease and preserved ejection fraction. Patients with HFrEF and cardiac cachexia displayed higher FGF‐21 levels median (inter quantile range) 381 (232–577) pg/mL than patients with HFrEF without cachexia 224 (179–309) pg/mL and ischaemic heart disease patients 221 (156–308) pg/mL (P = 0.0496). No difference in MCP‐1 levels were found among the groups (P = 0.345). In a multivariable regression analysis, FGF‐21 (logarithm 2) was independently associated with interleukin 6 (logarithm 2) (P = 0.015) and lower muscle mass (P = 0.043), while no relation with N‐terminal pro‐hormone brain natriuretic peptide was observed.ConclusionsFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF‐21) levels were elevated in patients with HFrEF and cardiac cachexia, which could be mediated by increased inflammation and muscle wasting rather than impaired cardiac function.
Diet‐induced microbial autofluorescence confounds flow cytometry of ex vivo isolated fecal microbes
Authors: Denu Lidiya , Lubin Jean‐Bernard , Douglas Bonnie , Tuluc Florin , Silverman Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrobial flow cytometry is a powerful emerging technology with a broad range of applications including the study of complex microbial communities. Immunologists are increasingly using this technology to study antibody responses against pathogenic and commensal microbes. We employed microbial flow cytometry to quantify the proportion of fecal microbes bound by six different Ig isotypes: IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2c, and IgG3. In healthy mammals, secretory IgA (sIgA) binds to a subset of commensal microbes in the gut whereas IgG is not typically found in the intestinal tract of healthy mammals. Unexpectedly, fecal microbes isolated from SPF C57BL/6 mice housed in the Hill facility and imported from the vendors The Jackson Laboratory and Taconic Biosciences showed a strong signal in the Brilliant Violet 711 (BV711) channel. Unstained fecal samples from these mice demonstrated that the BV711 signal was due to bacterial autofluorescence. We found that murine diets containing alfalfa induce ex vivo microbial autofluorescence in the far red spectrum, likely due to chlorophyll. Analysis of unstained intestinal microbes is an important step in microbial flow cytometry to identify diet‐induced autofluorescence. We recommend fluorophores with emission spectra below 650 nm (e.g. BV421, PE).
BootBandit: A macOS bootloader attack
Authors: Boursalian Armen , Stamp Mark 
Published: August 2019

Historically, the boot phase on personal computers left systems in a relatively vulnerable state. Because traditional antivirus software runs within the operating system, the boot environment is difficult to protect from malware. Examples of attacks against bootloaders include so‐called “evil maid” attacks, in which an intruder physically obtains a boot disk to install malicious software for obtaining the password used to encrypt a disk. The password then must be stored and retrieved again through physical access. In this paper, we discuss an attack that borrows concepts from the evil maid. We assume exploitation can be used to infect a bootloader on a system running macOS remotely to install code to steal the user's password. We explore the ability to create a communication channel between the bootloader and the operating system to remotely steal the password for a disk protected by FileVault 2. On a macOS system, this attack has additional implications due to “password forwarding” technology, in which a user's account password also serves as the FileVault password, enabling an additional attack surface through privilege escalation.
Optimal submerged waterjet for gas recovery based on Arbitrary Lagrange‐Euler
Authors: Wang Long , Wang Zhaofeng , Liu Hai , Chen Jinsheng , Yang Tenglong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a coupled model of waterjet cutting coal containing gas with the Arbitrary Lagrange‐Euler algorithm assistance. The dynamic evolution of coal damage and the cutting performance under different jet conditions, including jet pattern (submerged/nonsubmerged state), jet velocity, nozzle diameter, and the initial standoff distance, are investigated by tracing the number of failure elements and the stress distribution. Afterward, the gas flow model is built to study interactions of the discharged coal amount and the effective drainage radius at different periods with COMSOL software. The numerical results show the coal cutting performance of nonsubmerged jets is much better than that of submerged jets. Under submerged conditions, the penetration length increases with jet velocity and nozzle diameter, but decreases with the initial standoff distance. Moreover, the effective drainage radius of nonsubmerged waterjet is substantially greater than that of submerged jet. The increasing trend of the effective drainage radius slows down after 3 months with gas flow attenuation. Under the special submerged circumstances, the difference of coal cutting performance caused by the two jet patterns should be fully considered in order to reasonably arrange the spacing of boreholes.