bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Accurate Physical Model for Halo Concentrations
Authors: Diemer Benedikt , Joyce Michael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The relation between halo mass, M, and concentration, c, is a critical component in our understanding of the structure of dark matter halos. While numerous models for this relation have been proposed, almost none of them attempt to derive the evolution of the relation analytically. We build on previous efforts to model the c–M relation as a function of physical parameters such as the peak height, ν, and the effective power spectrum slope,

, which capture the dependence of c on halo mass, redshift, and cosmology. We present three major improvements over previous models. First, we derive an analytical expression for the c–M relation that is valid under the assumption of pseudo-evolution, i.e., assuming that the density profiles of halos are static in physical coordinates while the definition of their boundary evolves. We find that this ansatz is highly successful in describing the evolution of the low-mass end of the c–M relation. Second, we employ a new physical variable, the effective exponent of linear growth,

, to parameterize deviations from an Einstein–de Sitter expansion history. Third, we combine an updated definition of

with the additional dependence on

and propose a phenomenological extension of our analytical framework to include all halo masses. This semianalytical model matches simulated concentrations in both scale-free models and ΛCDM to 5% accuracy with very few exceptions and differs significantly from all previously proposed models. We present a publicly available code to compute the predictions of our model in the python toolkit Colossus, including updated parameters for the model of Diemer and Kravtsov.
DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE: Using Drawings to Facilitate Communication and Understanding With Children Exposed to Sudden Traumatic Deaths
Authors: Clements Paul T , Benasutti Kathleen M , Henry Gloria C 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The journey through grief after exposure to a sudden traumatic death is a painful and personal experience for children. This requires therapeutic interventions that explore and facilitate the healing potential within each child. Drawings are an expressive method that can provide a conduit for identifying and understanding issues requiring therapeutic intervention and follow up.
Multiple Knockout of Classical HLA Class II β-Chains by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Driven by a Single Guide RNA
Authors: Crivello Pietro , Ahci Müberra , Maaßen Fabienne , Wossidlo Natalie , Arrieta-Bolaños Esteban , Heinold Andreas , Lange Vinzenz , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Horn Peter A. , Fleischhauer Katharina , Heinrichs Stefan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Comprehensive knockout of HLA class II (HLA-II) β-chain genes is complicated by their high polymorphism. In this study, we developed CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to simultaneously target HLA-DRB, -DQB1, and -DPB1 through a single guide RNA recognizing a conserved region in exon 2. Abrogation of HLA-II surface expression was achieved in five different HLA-typed, human EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCLs). Next-generation sequencing–based detection confirmed specific genomic insertion/deletion mutations with 99.5% penetrance in sorted cells for all three loci. No alterations were observed in HLA-I genes, the HLA-II peptide editor HLA-DMB, or its antagonist HLA-DOB, showing high on-target specificity. Transfection of full-length HLA-DPB1 mRNA into knockout BLCLs fully restored HLA-DP surface expression and recognition by alloreactive human CD4 T cells. The possibility to generate single HLA-II–expressing BLCLs by one-shot genome editing opens unprecedented opportunities for mechanistically dissecting the interaction of individual HLA variants with the immune system.
Hydroxylase Inhibition Selectively Induces Cell Death in Monocytes
Authors: Crifo Bianca , Schaible Bettina , Brown Eric , Halligan Doug N. , Scholz Carsten C. , Fitzpatrick Susan F. , Kirwan Anna , Roche Helen M. , Criscuoli Mattia , Naldini Antonella , Giffney Hugh , Crean Daniel , Blanco Alfonso , Cavadas Miguel A. , Cummins Eoin P. , Fabian Zsolt , Taylor Cormac T. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and prominent feature of the microenvironment at sites of bacteria-associated inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. The prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD1/2/3) and the asparaginyl-hydroxylase factor-inhibiting HIF are oxygen-sensing enzymes that regulate adaptive responses to hypoxia through controlling the activity of HIF and NF-κB–dependent transcriptional pathways. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pan-hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) is effective in the alleviation of inflammation in preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease, at least in part, through suppression of IL-1β–induced NF-κB activity. TLR-dependent signaling in immune cells, such as monocytes, which is important in bacteria-driven inflammation, shares a signaling pathway with IL-1β. In studies into the effect of pharmacologic hydroxylase inhibition on TLR-induced inflammation in monocytes, we found that DMOG selectively triggers cell death in cultured THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes at concentrations well tolerated in other cell types. DMOG-induced apoptosis was independent of increased caspase-3/7 activity but was accompanied by reduced expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1). Based on these data, we hypothesize that pharmacologic inhibition of the HIF-hydroxylases selectively targets monocytes for cell death and that this may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of HIF-hydroxylase inhibitors.
IL-22–Independent Protection from Colitis in the Absence of Nkx2.3 Transcription Factor in Mice
Authors: Kellermayer Zoltán , Vojkovics Dóra , Dakah Tareq Abu , Bodó Kornélia , Botz Bálint , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Berta Gergely , Kajtár Béla , Schippers Angela , Wagner Norbert , Scotto Luigi , O’Connor Owen A. , Arnold Hans-Henning , Balogh Péter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The transcription factor Nkx2.3 regulates the vascular specification of Peyer patches in mice through determining endothelial addressin preference and may function as a susceptibility factor in inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. We wished to analyze the role of Nkx2.3 in colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue composition and in colitis pathogenesis. We studied the colonic solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue of Nkx2.3-deficient mice with immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Colitis was induced in mice using 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate, and severity was assessed with histology, flow cytometry, and quantitative PCR. We found that the lack of Nkx2.3 impairs maturation of isolated lymphoid follicles and attenuates dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis independent of endothelial absence of mucosal addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), which was also coupled with enhanced colonic epithelial regeneration. Although we observed increased numbers of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and Th17 cells and enhanced transcription of IL-22, Ab-mediated neutralization of IL-22 did not abolish the protection from colitis in Nkx2.3-deficient mice. Nkx2.3−/− hematopoietic cells could not rescue wild-type mice from colitis. Using LacZ-Nkx2.3 reporter mice, we found that Nkx2.3 expression was restricted to VAP-1+ myofibroblast-like pericryptal cells. These results hint at a previously unknown stromal role of Nkx2.3 as driver of colitis and indicate that Nkx2.3+ stromal cells play a role in epithelial cell homeostasis.
Treatment of Borrelia burgdorferi–Infected Mice with Apoptotic Cells Attenuates Lyme Arthritis via PPAR-γ
Authors: Hilliard Kinsey A. , Brown Charles R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Infection of mice with Borrelia burgdorferi causes an inflammatory arthritis that peaks 3–4 wk postinfection and then spontaneously resolves. Although the recruitment of neutrophils is known to drive the development of arthritis, mechanisms of disease resolution remain unclear. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (AC) is likely an important component of arthritis resolution. In this article, we show the number of AC increases in the joints of B. burgdorferi–infected mice around day 21 postinfection and peaks around day 28. Injection of AC directly into the ankles of B. burgdorferi–infected mice limited ankle swelling but had no effect on spirochete clearance or arthritis severity scores. In vitro, addition of AC to bone marrow macrophage cultures decreased B. burgdorferi–induced TNF-α and KC and increased IL-10. In addition, phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi and neutrophil migration to LTB4 were inhibited by AC. Exogenous AC caused an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression both in vitro and in vivo during B. burgdorferi infection. The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone elicited similar changes in macrophage cytokine production and neutrophil migration as exogenous AC. Addition of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW 9662 abrogated the effects of AC in vitro. Injection of rosiglitazone directly into the tibiotarsal joints of B. burgdorferi–infected mice decreased ankle swelling and immune cell recruitment, similar to the injection of AC. These results suggest that clearance of AC plays a role in the resolution of inflammation during experimental Lyme arthritis through the activation of PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ agonists, such as rosiglitazone, may therefore be effective treatments for inducing arthritis resolution.
Challenges in paediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Ganjoo Pragati 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImprovements in technique, knowledge and expertise have brought about rapid advances in the fields of paediatric neurosurgery and anaesthesia, and many procedures limited earlier to adults are now being increasingly attempted in neonates and small children, with good outcomes. This article highlights the challenges faced by the operating team while handling some of the technically complex procedures like awake craniotomy, interventional neuroradiology, minimally invasive neurosurgery, procedures in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging suites, and neonatal emergencies in the paediatric population.
The incidence and effect of coagulopathy on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing craniotomy following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Surve Rohini , Rao Madhusudhan , Narayan Bhadri , Philip Mariamma , Sampath S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Coagulopathy in isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well-known, and studies have found an association between coagulopathy and unfavourable outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and causes of coagulopathy in patients with TBI undergoing craniotomy and its effect on post-operative outcome. Materials and Methods: The data collected was demographics, computed tomography diagnosis, post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pre- and post-operative platelet count, liver function tests, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, fluids infused and incidence of redo surgery. Point of care (Coaguchek XS) monitor was used to obtain prothrombin time and international normalised ratio (INR) at 24 h and 72 h of injury. Coagulopathy was defined as INR ≥1.3 and thrombocytopenia as platelet count ≤100,000/mcL. Outcome measures assessed were the length of hospital stay, GCS at discharge and in-hospital mortality. Results: In 166 patients, the average pre-operative GCS was 8.8 ± 3.6. The incidence of coagulopathy was 42.8% and increased to 55.6% on the 3rd day, and thrombocytopenia from 3.5% in the first 24 h increased to 14.7% at 72 h. Patients with coagulopathy had lower pre-operative admission GCS (median 7 vs. 9, P = 0.03), greater intraoperative blood loss and received more intravenous fluids. There was no difference in the incidence of post-operative haematomas, length of hospital stay and GCS at discharge or mortality. Conclusion: In patients with TBI, the incidence of coagulopathy increased at the end of 72 h. In this study, there was no difference in outcomes in patients who underwent craniotomy with deranged coagulation.
Comparative evaluation of morphine and fentanyl for emergence following supratentorial craniotomy
Authors: Bhagat Hemant , Sahni Neeru , Bhukal Ishwar , Khanna Puneet , Bastola Priska , Bithal Parmod , Dash Hari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: The emergence from anaesthesia is a very crucial aspect in neurosurgical patients due to the need for evaluation of neurological status in the immediate post-operative period. The present study evaluates the emergence characteristics following administration of morphine as compared to shorter-acting opioid, fentanyl in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. Methods: A total of 84 patients were included in the study. The patients either received morphine 0.1 mg/kg before induction or fentanyl 2 mcg/kg body weight at induction, 1 mcg/kg before skin incision and at the beginning of dural closure. Doses of both opioids were repeated as judged clinically during surgery. Following surgery, the trachea was extubated after reversal of residual neuromuscular blockade, and the emergence characteristics of patients in the two groups were compared. Results: The mean time to emergence was 8.5 ± 3.7 min in morphine group whereas it was 7.8 ± 5.1 min in fentanyl group (P = 0.11). Conclusions: Morphine appears similar to fentanyl for facilitating early emergence in patients undergoing an elective supratentorial craniotomy.
Optic nerve sheath diameter: A novel way to monitor the brain
Authors: Sahu Seelora , Swain Amlan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMeasurement and monitoring of intracranial pressure is pivotal in management of brain injured patients. As a rapid and easily done bed side measurement, ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter presents itself as a possible replacement of the conventional invasive methods of intracranial pressure management. In this review we go through the evolution of optic nerve sheath diameter measurement as a novel marker of predicting raised intracranial pressure, the modalities by which it can be measured as well as its correlation with the invasive methods of intracranial pressure monitoring.
Successful management of diastolic heart failure in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy following an anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping
Authors: Arumugam Rajasekar , Singh Georgene , Raju Krishnaprabhu , Mariappan Ramamani 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPerioperative management of neurosurgical patients with an underlying myocardial dysfunction poses a unique challenge to the neuroanaesthesiologist and the neurointensivist. Sudden catecholamine surge during the aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) can cause severe cardiac dysfunction such as myocardial ischaemia and cardiomyopathy. SAH in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy could be hazardous to the myocardium leading to severe cardiac morbidity. We report the successful management of an acute post-operative diastolic heart failure with a milrinone infusion in a patient with restrictive cardiomyopathy, following anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping. We have discussed the ‘dual beneficial’ role of milrinone on the heart and the brain in this clinical setting. In addition, the importance of peri-operative utilisation of transoesophageal echocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography for the successful management of diastolic heart failure is highlighted.
Export fluxes of dissolved inorganic carbon to the northern Indian Ocean from the Indian monsoonal rivers
Authors: Krishna Moturi S. , Viswanadham Rongali , Prasad Mamidala H. K. , Kumari Vuravakonda R. , Sarma Vedula V. S. S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Rivers are an important source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to the
adjacent coastal waters. In order to examine the spatial variability in the
distribution and major sources of DIC in the Indian monsoonal rivers and to
quantify their export flux to the northern Indian Ocean, 27 major and medium-sized rivers were sampled during the discharge period. Significant spatial
variability in concentrations of DIC (3.4–73.6 mg L−1) was observed,
and it is attributed to spatial variations in the precipitation pattern, the size
of rivers, pollution and lithology of the catchments. The stable isotopic
composition of DIC (δ13CDIC) also showed strong spatial
variability (−13.0 ‰ to −1.4 ‰) in the Indian monsoonal
rivers with relatively depleted δ13CDIC values in rivers of
the northwest of India (-11.1±2.3 ‰) and
enriched values in the southeast of India (-3.5±2.3 ‰). Results of the linear least-squares regression
models of Keeling and Miller–Tan's plots indicated that the chemical weathering of
carbonate and silicate minerals by soil CO2 is the major source of DIC
in the Indian monsoonal rivers. Spatial variability in the deviation of
δ13CDIC from the approximated δ13C of the source may
probably be due to dominant autotrophic production in rivers of the southeastern
region, whereas heterotrophic decomposition of organic matter largely
influences the other Indian monsoonal rivers. It is estimated that the
Indian monsoonal rivers annually export ∼10.3 Tg of DIC to the
northern Indian Ocean, of which the major fraction (75 %) enters into the
Bay of Bengal, and the remaining fraction reaches to the Arabian Sea. This is
consistent with the freshwater flux, which is 3 times higher for the Bay of
Bengal (∼378 km3 yr−1) than for the Arabian Sea (122 km3 yr−1). Despite discharge from the Indian monsoonal rivers
accounting for only 1.3 % of the global freshwater discharge, they
disproportionately export 2.5 % of the total DIC exported by the world's major
rivers. Despite rivers from the region in the southwest (SW) of India exporting DIC that is an order of
magnitude lower (0.3 Tg yr−1) than the rivers from other regions of
India, the highest yield of DIC was found in the rivers of the SW region of India. It is attributed to intense precipitation (∼3000 mm), favorable natural vegetation of tropical moist deciduous and tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, tropical wet climate, high soil organic carbon, and the
dominance of red loamy soils in catchments of the rivers of the SW region.
Locking Plate Fixation with Multiple Telescoping Sliding Screws for Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Kilian Miroslav , Csörgő Peter , Šajter Marian , Šimkovic Pavel , Vajcziková Silvia , Zamborský Radoslav 
Published: January 2019

Background. Non-displaced femoral neck fractures are mostly treated with internal fixation, while in dis­placed fractures this surgical option is under debate and the benefits are still not clear. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect the treatment of non-displaced and displaced hip fractures using a head-preserving plate.
Material and methods. From August 2011 to May 2015, we reviewed eighty-two adult patients who had sustained undisplaced and displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture treated with a locking plate system with telescoping sliding screws. Fracture reduction, healing rate and implant related complications were primary objectives. Other complications (e.g. avascular necrosis, nonunion, hematoma, infection) and revision surgery were recorded as well.
Results. According to the Garden classification system, a total of 51.2% fractures were classified as non-displaced (type 1 and 2) and 48.8% were displaced fractures (type 3 and 4). Anatomic reduction was achieved in 58.5% and valgus in 41.5% of patients and it did not influence the healing. Varus reduction was not observed in any case. The total average complication rate was 18.1%, where screw cutout was the most frequent complication (8.5%). The timing of surgery did not affect the healing of femoral neck fractures. Age over 60 years combined with a displaced fracture was associated with impaired healing potential and a higher complication rate. Revision surgery was performed in 17.1% of patients, mainly those with displaced fractures.
Conclusions. 1. The use of a locking plate system with telescoping sliding screws was associated with lower rates of postoperative complications in undisplaced, but also in displaced femoral neck fractures in patients younger 60 years. 2. Patients over 60 years with displaced fractures were more likely to have healing problems and implant failure.
Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial (MAPA): esta tecnologia deve ser incorporada na Atenção Primária à Saúde?
Authors: Duarte Vivian Severino , Tavares Mário Roberto Garcia , Neumann Cristina Rolim 
Published: January 2019

Introdução: embora a medida da pressão arterial (MPA) casual em consultório seja o procedimento padrão para o diagnóstico e seguimento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), ela é sujeita a erros. Para reduzir estes erros utiliza-se a MAPA que tem, entre outras vantagens, um maior poder em prognosticar desfechos cardiovasculares maiores e atenua o efeito do avental branco. Entretanto, o seu uso na atenção primária ainda não está bem estabelecido. Objetivo: qualificar a rotina do atendimento da HAS na UBS HCPA/Santa Cecília, avaliando a necessidade de incorporar a MAPA na rotina de atendimento, identificar a prevalência de HAS não controlada no ambulatório, comparar as informações obtidas pelo MAPA e pela MPA nos pacientes hipertensos e não controlados. Materiais e Métodos: em um estudo transversal serão selecionados para a realização de MAPA aqueles pacientes com diagnóstico de HAS que apresentem medidas de TA não-controladas (TA ? 140/90 mmHg) Etapa 1: Aprimoramento do método de colocação do aparelho de MAPA e leitura dos resultados, através de busca bibliográfica, treinamento junto ao Serviço de Cardiologia do HCPA e exame de pacientes hipertensos atendidos no ambulatório da UBS. Etapa 2: Serão registrados, entre outros, os seguintes dados dos pacientes hipertensos atendidos na UBS: MPA (2 medidas com intervalo de 5 minutos, com o paciente sentado), presença de co-morbidades e conduta do médico frente aos resultados. Por este registro serão selecionados os primeiros 10 pacientes que apresentam MPA elevada a cada mês até atingir um total de 78 pacientes. Os pacientes com médias pressórica ? 135 mmHg na MAPA serão considerados bem controlados. Todos os pacientes selecionados para a MAPA também farão pelo menos 3 MPA pela enfermagem na mesma semana em que realizam MAPA e se a média pressórica for ?140/90 serão considerados bem controlados. Os resultados serão apresentados de forma descritiva, calculados os intervalos de confiança para 95% para as variáveis de interesse. Para as comparações utilizaremos Teste T, de Mann Whitney, e Qui-quadrado, conforme a variável. O nível de significância considerado será de 5%. Resultados: foi realizado o treinamento e a colocação da MAPA em 2 pacientes hipertensas não controladas conforme as medidas de consultório, e em ambas a MAPA mostrou medidas pressóricas normais. Conclusões: espera-se com este estudo criar uma rotina para a utilização da MAPA em nosso serviço, identificando o custo e efetividade deste procedimento na APS.
Edgeworth’s Letters for Literary Ladies Publication Peers and Analytical Antagonists
Authors: Runia Robin 
Published: January 2019

This chapter reexamines Maria Edgeworth’s relationship to Thomas Day through the lens of her intended first publication of de Genlis and of Edgeworth’s careful engagement with his Sandford and Merton to demonstrate that Edgeworth rejected perceived essential association between women and emotion or intellectual inferiority and that she denied domestic utility in arguments on behalf of a woman’s education that went beyond the typical feminine accomplishments. In addition, Edgeworth targeted Mary Wollstonecraft’s endorsement of Day through her deliberate 1798 revision of Letters for Literary Ladies and its invocation of Wollstonecraft’s ‘rights,’ exemplifying the potential for women writers to speak to their peers, both women and men, while they negotiated the business of eighteenth-century publishing.