bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How the interplay of imagined contact and first‐person narratives improves attitudes toward stigmatized immigrants: A conditional process model
Authors: Igartua Juan‐José , Wojcieszak Magdalena , Kim Nuri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article assesses the mechanisms whereby first‐person narratives featuring stigmatized immigrants improve outgroup attitudes and encourage intergroup contact among prejudiced individuals. We rely on a 2 (imagined contact vs. control) × 2 (similar vs. dissimilar message protagonist) experiment on a systematic sample of native British adults. Results show that encouraging imagined contact prior to reading a short testimonial featuring an immigrant protagonist who is similar to the recipients in terms of social identity enhances identification with the protagonist, thereby improving outgroup attitudes and encouraging intergroup contact, and especially strongly among those who are prejudiced toward immigrants (i.e., high on modern racism). Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for the work on imagined contact, narrative persuasion, and identification, as well as for public communication campaigns, are discussed.
Implicit theories of shyness in American and Chinese children
Authors: Zhang Zengxiu , Xu Yiyuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examined whether implicit theories of shyness differed between American and Chinese children and how this difference helped explain cultural variations in stereotypical views about shy children and relationship with shy peers. We found that regardless of cultural group, children's implicit theories of shyness were not related to their own shyness, but were associated with stereotypical views about shy children (positively) and relationship with shy peers (negatively). American children reported stronger entity theories of shyness, i.e., they were more likely to view shyness as a stable and immutable trait than Chinese children, which partly explained why they had worse relationships with shy peers. These findings highlight the important roles implicit theories may play in understanding cultural similarities and differences in interpersonal perception and relationship.
Valproic acid utilization among girls and women in Stockholm: Impact of regulatory restrictions
Authors: Karlsson Lind Linnéa , Komen Joris , Wettermark Björn , von Euler Mia , Tomson Torbjörn 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveIn November 2014, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) strengthened restrictions on the use of valproic acid in girls and women of childbearing potential. The objective of this study was to determine whether there has been a change in initiations of valproic acid treatment to females after the regulatory restrictions and to assess if such changes differed between indications (epilepsy and psychiatric disorder).MethodsAn interrupted time‐series analysis was conducted using all initiations of valproic acid in Stockholm, Sweden. from January 2011 to June 2017. Female and male patients aged 0–45 years with a recorded diagnosis of epilepsy and/or a psychiatric disorder were compared.ResultsBefore the EMA warning, a decline in trend of valproic acid initiations was seen in patients with epilepsy. After the warning, a significant decrease of valproic acid initiations was seen in women with a psychiatric disorder, but not in women with epilepsy.SignificanceThe regulatory warning appeared to have significantly influenced valproic acid initiations in women of childbearing age with a psychiatric disorder. No effect was seen in women with epilepsy, probably because the decline had started long before.
Correction factors for SSI effects predicted by simplified models: 2D versus 3D rectangular embedded foundations
Authors: Fu Jia , Todorovska Maria I. , Liang Jianwen 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe effects of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) are often studied using two‐dimensional (2D) or axisymmetric three‐dimensional (3D) models to avoid the high cost of the more realistic, fully 3D models, which require 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more computer time and storage. This paper analyzes the error and presents correction factors for system frequency, system damping, and peak amplitude of structural response computed using impedances for linear in‐plane 2D models with rectangular foundations, embedded in uniform or layered half‐space. They are computed by comparison with results for 3D rectangular foundations with the same vertical cross‐section and different aspect ratios. The structure is represented by a single degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Correction factors are presented for a range of the model parameters. The results show that in‐plane 2D approximations overestimate the SSI effects, exaggerating the frequency shift, the radiation damping, and the reduction of the peak amplitude. The errors are larger for stiffer, taller, and heavier structures, deeper foundations, and deeper soil layer. For example, for a stiff structure like Millikan library (NS response; length‐to‐width ratio ≈ 1), the error is 6.5% in system frequency, 44% in system damping, and 140% in peak amplitude. The antiplane 2D approximation has an opposite effect on system frequency and the same effect on system damping and peak relative response. Linear response analysis of a case study shows that the NEHRP‐2015 provisions for reduction of base shear force due to SSI may be unsafe for some structures. The presented correction factor diagrams can be used in practical design and other applications.
Supplier‐induced demand for urgent after‐hours primary care services
Authors: Longden Thomas , Hall Jane , van Gool Kees 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAustralia is one of nine Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries that utilise deputising services to provide after‐hours primary care. While the provision of this service is supposed to be on behalf of regular general practitioners, businesses have adapted to the financial incentives on offer and are directly advertising their services to consumers emphasising patient convenience and no copayments. The introduction of corporate entities has changed the way that deputising services operate. We use a difference‐in‐difference approach to estimate the amount of growth in urgent after‐hours services that was not warranted by urgent medical need. These estimates are calculated by comparing the growth in urgent attendances that occurred during times of the day that are classified as “after‐hours” (e.g., 6 pm–11 pm Monday to Friday) with those that are classified as “unsociable‐hours” (e.g., 11 pm–7 am Monday to Friday). For the national level, we estimate that 593,141 unwarranted attendances were induced as urgent after‐hours consultations in a single year. This corresponds to a national estimate of the total benefits paid for unwarranted demand of approximately $77 million. While deputising services have filled a short‐fall in after‐hours services, the overuse of urgent items has meant that that this has been achieved at a considerable cost to the Australian Government.
Improved osteogenesis of boron incorporated calcium silicate coatings via immunomodulatory effects
Authors: Lu Xiang , Li Kai , Xie Youtao , Qi Shengcai , Shen Qingyi , Yu Jiangming , Huang Liping , Zheng Xuebin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOsteoimmunology has revealed the importance of a favorable immune response for successful biomaterial‐mediated osteogenesis. Boron‐incorporated calcium silicate (Ca11Si4B2O22, B‐CS) coating has been reported as a potential candidate for improving osteogenesis in orthopedic applications in vitro. However, relatively little is known about its effects on the immune response and subsequent osteogenesis. In this work, the immunomodulatory properties of the B‐CS coating and its specific mechanism of action were explored. We found that the B‐CS coating decreased M1 polarization and converted macrophages to the M2 phenotype via restraining the toll‐like receptor signaling pathway, thus inducing a significant reduction in pro‐inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the B‐CS coating inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic activities by downregulating osteoclastogenic genes and inhibiting the RANKL/RANK system. BMP2 and VEGF were also significantly upregulated by macrophages and bone mesenchymal stem cells, leading to activation of the BMP2 signaling pathway and subsequent upregulation of osteogenesis‐associated genes, finally promoting osteogenic differentiation. These findings show that the B‐CS coating could be a promising coating material for hip and knee implants. Furthermore, incorporation of the element boron into bioceramic coatings could be a good strategy in the design of bone biomaterials with beneficial immune responses. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 12–24, 2019.
Value of duplex Doppler ultrasonography for the evaluation of dysfunctional hemodialysis access arteriovenous fistulas prior to endovascular interventions
Authors: Conkbayir Isik , Celtikci Pinar , Ergun Onur , Durmaz Hasan Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate accuracy of duplex Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) for the evaluation of native‐vein arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction in end‐stage renal disease patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 60 patients with dysfunctioning native‐vein AVF evaluated with DUS and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) whose results were compared for detection, identification, and localization of AVF lesions. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of DUS and evaluated the agreement between DUS and DSA by the Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ).ResultsDUS identified correctly 123 of 130 lesions (sensitivity 94.6%, specificity 97.5%, PPV 98.4%, NPV 92%, accuracy of 95.7%). DUS localized correctly 123 of 130 lesions (sensitivity 94.6%, specificity 98.4%, PPV 98.4%, NPV 94.6%, accuracy 96.4%). The κ value was 0.9120 for detection of all lesions (almost perfect agreement).ConclusionDUS is a reliable method for the initial evaluation of dysfunctional AVFs, with high sensitivity for detecting and correctly localizing circuit problems.
Assessment of Hemodynamic Alterations in Cerebral Veins in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Duplex Color‐Coded Sonography
Authors: Jin Zhan‐qiang , Feng Hao , He Wen , Zhao Xing‐quan 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the contributions of hemodynamic alterations in cerebral veins to the prognosis of patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsDuplex color‐coded sonography was performed on 87 ICH patients between July 2016 and October 2017. The time‐averaged peak velocity, the time‐averaged mean velocity (TAMV), the blood flow volume (BFV) of bilateral internal jugular veins (IJVs) and vertebral veins (VVs), and the mean velocities of bilateral basal veins of Rosenthal, straight sinus, and bilateral transverse sinuses were calculated to understand the relationship of hemodynamic data with prognosis in patients with ICH.ResultsThe study revealed that the time‐averaged peak velocities, TAMVs and BFVs of both right IJV and VV in ICH patients with good clinical outcomes were higher than those of the left IJV and VV, whereas statistically significant differences were not found in the mean velocity of bilateral veins of Rosenthal. The perihematomal edema volume, time‐averaged peak velocities, TAMVs, and BFVs of the bilateral IJVs and right VV and the TAMV of the left VV were associated with the prognosis of ICH patients in the univariate analysis. However, the TAMV of the right IJV and BFV of the left IJV were the independent factors that predicted prognosis in multivariate analysis. Partial correlation showed that there was a linear dependence between the differences in TAMV and BFV between bilateral IJVs.ConclusionsThe presence of hemodynamic changes in cerebral veins in patients with ICH has an impact on prognosis.
An Exploratory Study of Sectra Table Visualization Improves the Effectiveness of Emergency Bedside Echocardiography Training
Authors: Shi Di , Walline Joseph H. , Liu Jihai , Yu Xuezhong , Xu Jun , Song Priscilla P. , Zhu Huadong , O'Donnell John M. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesEchocardiography is an essential tool in emergency medicine, and its training is the most challenging of all types of bedside ultrasound (US) training. This study investigated the effectiveness of the Sectra Table (Sectra AB, Linköping, Sweden), an anatomy visualization and collaboration tool, in improving the quality of echocardiography training for emergency medicine physicians.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory prospective observational study from 2015 to 2017 and enrolled 66 trainees who participated in a 2.5‐day bedside US course organized by the emergency department (ED) of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The study participants underwent 2 different training programs: the first group received standard training, and the second group was trained with Sectra Table experiences integrated into the echocardiography training curriculum. After the training sessions, both groups were evaluated for their hands‐on echocardiography performance.ResultsThe new training program with the Sectra Table significantly increased trainees' self‐confidence in performing bedside echocardiography. The Sectra Table trainees had a higher performance rating than the trainees in the traditional program, with a mean total assessment score of 40.5 versus 26.5 for traditional training (P < .01). The improved performance was evident for all subcategories of echocardiography. The higher performance rating of the Sectra Table trainees was also statistically significant after adjusting for confounders, including prior training experiences, baseline confidence in independently performing ED US examinations, the number of ED US examinations performed, years in ED practice, and physician seniority.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that integrating the Sectra Table into echocardiography training may improve the effectiveness of training programs.
A (Triphenylphosphine)Silver (I) Complex as a New Performance Additive in Free‐Radical Photopolymerization under Air
Authors: Sautrot‐Ba Pauline , Bogliotti Nicolas , Brosseau Arnaud , Bourgon Julie , Mazeran Pierre‐Emmanuel , Lalevée Jacques , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Versace Davy‐Louis 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnusual photochemical properties of an Ag(I)‐derived complex, i.e., bis[(µ‐chloro)bis(triphenylphosphine)silver (I)] ([Ag](PPh3)) are demonstrated when used in free‐radical photopolymerization reactions: i) [Ag](PPh3) can act as an innovative photoinitiating system when associated with a commercial type I photoinitiator 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone to overcome the oxygen inhibition effect during the free‐radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomers, thus accelerating the kinetics of polymerization under air; ii) silver‐based nanoparticles can be in situ generated under air, thus leading to new antibacterial coatings which prevent the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after few hours of incubation.
When consumers struggle: Action crisis and its effects on problematic goal pursuit
Authors: Vann Richard J. , Rosa José Antonio , McCrea Sean M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen pursuing goals, consumers often face setbacks that force them to reevaluate their goals. Yet, current goal theory offers limited explanations for how people respond to recurring challenges and disengage from their goals. Through five experiments investigating three primary theoretical aims, this research extends the field's understanding of action crisis, a possible goal pursuit stage marked by internal conflict over whether or not to continue, and investigates it in consumption contexts such as patient–physician relationships, weight loss diets, and environmentally friendly purchasing. Experiments 1A–1C show that consumer action crisis encourages more disengagement‐related and less continuation‐supportive cost–benefit thinking than nonproblematic action phase. Experiment 2 replicates this cognitive shift, and connects action crisis to diminished goal‐related evaluations and weakened commitment. Experiment 3 further clarifies action crisis’ influence on consumer goal pursuit by revealing decreased cognitive and behavioral engagement that does not involve a shift in construal level when compared to action phase consumers. Extending understanding of action crisis as a possible mindset and action phase, these five experiments advance goal disengagement theory by connecting changes in cognition, motivation, and behavior to action crisis.
Co‐occurrence of schwannomatosis and rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome 1
Authors: Kehrer‐Sawatzki Hildegard , Kordes Uwe , Seiffert Simone , Summerer Anna , Hagel Christian , Schüller Ulrich , Farschtschi Said , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Bendszus Martin , Godel Tim , Mautner Victor‐Felix 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical phenotype associated with germline SMARCB1 mutations has as yet not been fully documented. It is known that germline SMARCB1 mutations may cause rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome (RTPS1) or schwannomatosis. However, the co‐occurrence of rhabdoid tumor and schwannomas in the same patient has not so far been reported.MethodsWe investigated a family with members harboring a germline SMARCB1 deletion by means of whole‐body MRI as well as high‐resolution microstructural magnetic resonance neurography (MRN). Breakpoint‐spanning PCRs were performed to characterize the SMARCB1 deletion and its segregation in the family.ResultsThe index patient of this family was in complete continuous remission for an atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) treated at the age of 2 years. However, at the age of 21 years, she exhibited paraparesis of her legs and MRI investigations revealed multiple intrathoracic and spinal schwannomas. Breakpoint‐spanning PCRs indicated that the germline deletion segregating in the family encompasses 6.4‐kb and includes parts of SMARCB1 intron 7, exons 8–9 and 3.3‐kb located telomeric to exon 9 including the SMARCB1 3′ UTR. The analysis of sequences at the deletion breakpoints showed that the deletion has been caused by replication errors including template‐switching. The patient had inherited the deletion from her 56‐year‐old healthy mother who did not exhibit schwannomas or other tumors as determined by whole‐body MRI. However, MRN of the peripheral nerves of the mother's extremities revealed multiple fascicular microlesions which have been previously identified as indicative of schwannomatosis‐associated subclinical peripheral nerve pathology.ConclusionThe occurrence of schwannomatosis‐associated clinical symptoms independent of the AT/RT as the primary disease should be considered in long‐term survivors of AT/RT. Furthermore, our investigations indicate that germline SMARCB1 mutation carriers not presenting RTs or schwannomatosis‐associated clinical symptoms may nevertheless exhibit peripheral nerve pathology as revealed by MRN.
Investigation of mixed model repeated measures analyses and non‐linear random coefficient models in the context of long‐term efficacy data
Authors: Delafont Bruno , Carroll Kevin , Vilain Claire , Pham Emmanuel 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe longitudinal data from 2 published clinical trials in adult subjects with upper limb spasticity (a randomized placebo‐controlled study [NCT01313299] and its long‐term open‐label extension [NCT01313312]) were combined. Their study designs involved repeat intramuscular injections of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®), and efficacy endpoints were collected accordingly.With the objective of characterizing the pattern of response across cycles, Mixed Model Repeated Measures analyses and Non‐Linear Random Coefficient (NLRC) analyses were performed and their results compared. The Mixed Model Repeated Measures analyses, commonly used in the context of repeated measures with missing dependent data, did not involve any parametric shape for the curve of changes over time. Based on clinical expectations, the NLRC included a negative exponential function of the number of treatment cycles, with its asymptote and rate included as random coefficients in the model. Our analysis focused on 2 specific efficacy parameters reflecting complementary aspects of efficacy in the study population.A simulation study based on a similar study design was also performed to further assess the performance of each method under different patterns of response over time. This highlighted a gain of precision with the NLRC model, and most importantly the need for its assumptions to be verified to avoid potentially biased estimates.These analyses describe a typical situation and the conditions under which non‐linear mixed modeling can provide additional insights on the behavior of efficacy parameters over time. Indeed, the resulting estimates from the negative exponential NLRC can help determine the expected maximal effect and the treatment duration required to reach it.
Fracturing dams, fractured data: Empirical trends and characteristics of existing and removed dams in the United States
Authors: Grabowski Zbigniew J. , Chang Heejun , Granek Elise F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDam removals in the United States continue to accelerate in pace and scope, but no national analyses have examined how removed dams compare with existing dam stock. Here, we review and analyse the best available national data on dams from the National Inventory of Dams (NID), dam removals from American Rivers, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National River Restoration Science Synthesis databases to compare trends and characteristics of removed versus existing dams in the United States. If historical trends continue, by 2050 the United States can expect between 4,000 and 36,000 total removals, including 2,000–10,000 removals of NID dams. Best‐fit regression models estimate total costs between $50.5 million and $25.1 billion (mean $10.5 billion, median $416.5 million) for all removals and $29.6 million to $18.9 billion (mean $7.2 billion, median $285 million) for NID removals, a significant cost savings over present stated dam rehabilitation needs. Structural characteristics and ages of documented removals are not representative of existing dams, with privately owned hydroelectric dams subject to public oversight and water supply dams the most disproportionately removed. We conclude that dam removal science would benefit from the creation of an interdisciplinary framework for studying dams as environmental, social, and technological interventions, facilitated by transparent datasets around dams and removals and reflexive research approaches that combine statistical approaches with place‐based analyses.