bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bolehkah Gereja-Gereja Kristen Tetap Terpisah?
Authors: Kirchberger George Ludwig 
Published: May 2018

The author starts from the clear statement of the Second Vatican Council,“that the Church is a single flock, there are not many Churches. God established a single Church by sending His Son and the Spirit”. Today,
the “separated” Churches”, are in real communion, although the communion is not yet complete. Through baptism all Christians, in each of the Christian Chruches, are members of the one Body of Christ.
This is a strong bond and has to be taken as more resilient than any differences that may diminish unity. Therefore we must ask: what must be regarded as a difference that is significant enough to grant one the right to deem one’s Church as still separated? This article outlines the eight theses of Heinrich Fries and Karl Rahner where they show, with detalied argumentation, that today the Christian Churches can come together in communion. The article draws to the conclusion that the Christian Church has a moral obligation to live in a communion that is already possible, and has no right to state that the Churches can remain separated from each other.

<b>Keywords:</b> Reformation, church unity, separated church

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Penulis artikel ini bertolak dari penegasan Konsili Vatikan II “bahwa Gereja itu merupakan satu kawanan, tidak ada Gereja-gereja Allah dalam bentuk jamak, Allah hanya mendirikan satu Gereja melalui perutusan Putra dan Roh-Nya”. Semua Gereja yang sekarang ini masih “terpisah”, berada dalam suatu persekutuan yang sungguh riil, meskipun tidak sepenuhnya. Melalui sakramen baptis semua orang Kristen dari semua Gereja Kristen menjadi anggota pada satu tubuh Kristus. Inilah suatu ikatan yang sangat kuat dan pada dasarnya mesti dianggap lebih utama dari pelbagai perbedaan yang mengurangi persekutuan itu. Oleh karena itu mesti ditanya, apa yang bisa dianggap sebagai perbedaan yang cukup besar untuk memberikan hak, untuk tetap menyatakan diri sebagai Gereja terpisah. Sebagian besar artikel ini merupakan perkenalan terhadap delapan tesis dari Heinrich Fries dan Karl Rahner, di mana mereka memperlihatkan secara teliti dan argumentatif tesis bahwa sudah saatnya Gereja-gereja Kristen bersatu. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa Gereja Kristen mempunyai kewajiban moral untuk hidup dalam persekutuan yang sudah mungkin itu dan tidak lagi mempunyai hak untuk menyatakan diri sebagai Gereja yang terpisah satu sama lain.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> Reformasi; Kesatuan Gereja; Gereja terpecah
Fundamentalisme Agama Sebagai Tantangan Bagi Negara
Authors: Daven Mathias 
Published: May 2018

The 16 th Century Protestant Reformation, triggered by Martin Luther and fellow reformers, eventually resulted in violent conflicts between various Church movements and their individual political supporters.
These conflicts brought about a new awareness in the European peoples of the time, that the moralization of politics based on the truth of one religious group/Church always represents a clear threat to the life of a pluralistic society. The function of state politics is to guarantee life in peace together, with freedom and justice, among people who have differing religious convictions and who wish to establish a country together. On the contrary, religious fundamentalism is the greatest enemy of a country in so far as it attacks the principle of state secularism and fights for a return to state politics as an issue of “right or wrong”. To the extent that fundamentalism rejects the autonomy of the political system and enforces without compromise its own absolute truth on others, it is a clear threat to peace.

<b>Keywords:</b> Reformation, Church, Fundamentalism, State, Politics, Truth, Peace
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Reformasi Protestan pada abad XVI yang dipelopori Martin Luther dengan kawan-kawan berujung pada konflik peperangan antargereja yang berbeda dan masing-masing pendukung politisnya. Konflik tersebut memunculkan kesadaran baru dalam masyarakat modern Eropa kala itu bahwa moralisasi politik berdasarkan kebenaran iman suatu agama selalu merupakan ancaman nyata bagi kelangsungan masyarakat yang heterogen. Tugas politik kenegaraan ialah menjamin hidup bersama secara damai dalam kebebasan dan keadilan dari orang-orang yang mempunyai latar belakang keagamaan dan keyakinan yang berbeda dan bertekad membangun suatu negara bersama. Sebaliknya fundamentalisme agama merupakan musuh utama negara sejauh ia melabrak prinsip sekularitas negara serta mengembalikan politik kenegaraan sebagai perihal “benarsalah”. Sejauh fundamentalisme menolak otonomi sistem politik dan memaksakan tanpa kompromi kebenaran absolut yang diyakini pada pihak lain, ia merupakan ancaman nyata bagi perdamaian.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> Reformasi, Gereja, Fundamentalisme, Negara, Politik, Kebenaran, Perdamaian
REFORMASI PANTEKOSTAL SEBAGAI PEREMAJAAN KEKRISTENAN PALING RADIKAL SEJAK PEMBARUAN JOHN CALVIN
Authors: Prior John Mansford 
Published: May 2018

The Pentecostal Churches and Charismatic movements within the mainstream Churches are by far the fastest growing sectors of Christianity. In particular, migrants are attracted from their mainstream ecclesial roots to a myriad of Pentecostal communities in urban settings, to congregations that are small and welcoming, but also to the mega-Churches. This essay looks at key characteristics of urban migrants and the significant elements of the Pentecostal/charismatic communities that attract them as new members. Particular attention is given both to the evolving political dimension of these communities and to the “gender paradox” whereby women are more likely to join Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches where they discover a renewed dignity and identity while these very Churches are largely governed by men. Examples are given as diverse as that among Protestant urban migrants in mainland China, and Catholic domestic and international migrants within and from the Philippines. The essay concludes with an analysis that looks at the data as a reflection of modernity and its consequent challenge to mainstream Churches that have as yet failed to adapt.

<b>Keywords:</b> Pentecostal Church, Charismatic Movement, the immigrants,Chinese immigrants, migrant Filipino, gender paradox of modernity
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Gereja-gereja Pantekostal, juga gerakan Karismatik dalam Gereja-Gereja arus utama, merupakan sektor kekristenan yang sedang bertumbuh secara paling pesat. Secara khusus, para migran yang tercabut dari akarnya dalam Gereja mereka di tempat asal, mengarah ke komunitas-komunitas Pantekostal di daerahdaerah perkotaan, baik dalam jemaat-jemaat kecil, maupun dalam Gereja-Gereja mega. Esai ini memperlihatkan ciri-ciri kunci dari migran perkotaan dan unsur-unsur yang signifikan dari kalangan Pantakostal/ Karismatik yang menarik mereka sebagai anggota baru. Perhatian khusus diberikan kepada dimensi politik yang berkembang dan pada “paradoks gender” di mana perempuan lebih mungkin bergabung dalam Gereja Pantekostal/gerakan Karismatik, di mana mereka menemukan martabat dan jatidiri baru. Walau demikian, sebagian besar Gereja Pantekostal masih diatur oleh kaum lelaki. Beragam contoh ditampilkan, seperti yang terjadi di kalangan migran perkotaan Protestan di Cina daratan, dan juga di kalangan migran domestik dan internasional Katolik dari Filipina. Esai ini diakhiri dengan analisis yang memperlihatkan data yang mencerminkan modernitas, dan karena itu tantangan bagi GerejaGereja arus utama yang sampai kini gagal menghadapnya.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> Gereja Pentakostal, Gerakan Karismatik, kaum perantau, perantau Cina, migran Filipina, gender paradoks, modernitas
Penafsiran Alkitab Dari Perspektif Dialog Profetis: Belajar Dari Sejarah
Authors: Jua Lukas 
Published: May 2018

The progress of biblical interpretation today is the fruit of prophetic dialogue, a basic exegetical attitude shown especially since the Reformation, thanks to Martin Luther’s prophetic courage. He brought the Bible back to the centre of the Church’s life and to its function as its highest authority. Moreover, Luther also paved the way for developing historical-critical methods by revising patristic hermeneutics, emphasizing the literal sense over allegorical ones. Because prophetic dialogue was Luther’s basic perspective, much of his exegesis is still valid today. Modern exegetes interpret the Bible from a similar perspective, and as a result their interpretation promotes ecumenism and inter-religious dialogue. One important initiative is Scriptural Reasoning promoted by Jewish, Christian and Muslim exegetes.

<b>Keywords:</b> Reform, counter-reform, prophetic dialogue, critical attitude, courage, freedom, truth, authority, humanism, historicalcritical methods, synchronic approach
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Penafsiran Alkitab dari Perspektif Dialog Profetis:Belajar dari Sejarah. Kemajuan penafsiran Alkitab sekarang adalah buah dari dialog profetis sebagai sikap dasar yang ditunjukkan oleh para penafsir sejak awal Reformasi berkat keberanian profetis Luther. Dia mengembalikan Alkitab ke tempat sentral kehidupan Gereja dan menjadikannya sebagai otoritas tertinggi. Lebih dari itu, Luther juga membuka jalan bagi perkembangan penafsiran historis kritis, dengan membuat revisi atas hermeneutik patristik, dengan mengutamakan arti literal dari pada arti alegoris. Banyak hasil penelitian masih berlaku sampai sekarang karena sikap dasar dialog profetis ini. Umumnya para ekseget modern menafsir Alkitab menurut perspektif ini, sehingga penafsiran mereka memajukan ekumene, dan dialog antaragama. Salah satu inisiatif penting yang patut disebut Scriptural Reasoning yang digalakkan penafsir Yahudi, Kristen dan Islam.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b>
SURAT YAKOBUS KEPADA MUSYAWARAH PARIPURNA IAMS DI SEOUL
Authors: Temez Elsa 
Published: May 2018

In his classic study of mission, David Bosch (1991) outlined three biblical paradigms of mission from Matthew, Luke and Paul. In this essay, the author proposes a further paradigm drawn from the Letter of James. James is viewed as a circular written for Jewish-Christian migrant communities to encourage them towards a mission ad intra and intra gentes. James makes six calls to radical conversion: he strenghtens the readers’ hope as they struggle against overwhelming odds, he then calls for conversion against greed and against ambition and power struggles, exhorting them not to be seduced by the values of society, and so leave behind their friendship with the world; he finally calls for faithcoherence. The essay concludes with four applications of the “James Paradigm” for the renewal of mission witness among Christians today.

<b>Keywords:</b> Epistle of James, the paradigm of an internal mission,repentance, characterististics of James’ mission, consistent faith
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Surat Yakobus kepada Musyawarah Paripurna IAMS di Seoul. David J.Bosch, dalam buku klasiknya Transformasi Misi Kristen, menganalisis tiga sumber Alkitab dalam Perjanjian Baru (Matius, Lukas, dan Paulus) guna merumuskan tiga paradigma misioner yang berasal dari ketiganya. Di dalam esai ini penulis menampilkan paradigma Surat Yakobus. Yakobus menyajikan segi-segi yang tidak tampak dalam ketiga paradigma di atas, yang dianggap relevan dengan situasi kita saat ini. Artikel menyimpulkan empat aplikasi pandangan Yakobus dalam rangka pembaruan kesaksian misi Kristen dewasa ini.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> Surat Rasul Yakobus, paradigma misi internal,pertobatan, ciri-ciri misi Yakobus, iman konsisten
MICHEL FOUCAULT: KUASA VERSUS RASIONALITAS MODERNIS (REVALUASI DIRI SECARA KONTINU)
Authors: Kebung Konrad 
Published: May 2018

This paper presents Michel Foucault’s thoughts on historical
events in the past as they impact on the constitution of the self in the
present. Thus, Foucault is known as an historian of the present. An
expert in the history of the system of thought, he analyses how people
thought and behaved throughout the history of philosophy from the
Rennaisance to the classical period (17 th-18 in Foucault’s classification) and onto the 20thth
century. As a postmodernist (and post-structuralist)
thinker, he critiques modern rationality based mainly on the ego, subject,
and consciousness, as passed down to present day thinking by René
Descartes. He analyses critically this exclusive rationality and confronts
it with his notion of discourse. This paper also presents ways of reading
important historical events which were, and are, influential in human
life in line with Foucault’s criticism.

<b>Keywords:</b> Foucault, philosopy, discourse, subject, etict

Artikel ini menyajikan pemikiran Michel tentang peristiwa
sejarah masa lalu yang berguna bagi manusia pada masa sekarang. Foucault
secara khusus dikenal sebagai sejarawan masa kini. Sebagai ahli dalam
sejarah sistem pemikiran, Foucault menganalisis cara orang berpikir
dan berperilaku sepanjang sejarah filsafat dimulai dari era Rennaisance,
periode klasik (abad XVII-XVIII dalam klasifikasi Foucault), hingga
abad XX. Sebagai pemikir posmodernis (dan postrukturalis), Foucault
mengajukan kritik terhadap rasionalitas modern yang didasarkan
atas ego, subjek, dan kesadaran, yang diwariskan sampai saat ini oleh
René Descartes. Dia menganalisis secara kritis rasionalitas eksklusif
ini dan menghadapkannya dengan gagasan wacana. Artikel ini juga
menyajikan cara untuk membaca semua peristiwa sejarah yang penting
dan berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan manusia sesuai dengan kritik
Foucault.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> Foucault, filsafat , diskursus, subjek, etika
REFLEKSI ATAS REALITAS DAN PARADIGMA MASALAH SAMPAH | REFLECTION ABOUT REALITY AND PARADIGM PROBLEMS OF TRASH
Authors: Ningsih Agustina Utami 
Published: May 2018

<b>Abstract:</b> Human activities always produce trash. The amount
of trash continues to grow in line with population growth and
technological developments. Trash has become an environmental
crisis due to a lack of awareness and in Indonesia little serious
effort has been made to process trash properly. The importance of
a serious effort of trash management and self-development as a real
human being is nothing other than a struggle to restore harmony
between Creator, human beings, and the whole of creation. This
paper reflects on the reality of trash as well as taking up the views
and habits of people who are little concerned about handling
trash although they already feel the adverse impact of trash on
the environment. This study analyses data and the information
obtained through observation of the trash problem, supported by
data from written sources .

<b>Keywords:</b> Trash, environment, human development, ecological
repentance

<b>Abstrak:</b> Kegiatan manusia selalu menghasilkan sampah.
Peningkatan jumlah sampah terus bertambah seiring dengan
pertambahan penduduk dan perkembangan teknologi. Sampah
telah menjadi krisis lingkungan hidup karena kurangnya
kesadaran dan belum seriusnya usaha pengolahan sampah dengan
tepat. Pentingnya upaya serius pengolahan sampah yang tepat
dan pengembangan diri sebagai manusia sejati adalah upaya
mengembalikan harmoni antara Pencipta, manusia, dan semua
ciptaan. Tulisan ini ingin merefleksikan realitas keberadaan
sampah serta pandangan dan kebiasaan masyarakat yang kurang
peduli terhadap penanganan sampah. Kajian ini dilakukan
dengan metode interpretatif, yang menafsirkan dan memberi arti
kepada data dan informasi yang didapatkan, berdasarkan dengan
pengamatan masalah sampah dan keadaan faktual yang terjadi di
dalam kebiasaan masyarakat terhadap sampah, didukung dengan
fakta dari sumber literatur sebagai data dan informasi.

<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> sampah, lingkungan, pengembangan manusia,
pertobatan ekologi
Atmospheric Seasonality as an Exoplanet Biosignature
Authors: Olson Stephanie L. , Schwieterman Edward W. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Ridgwell Andy , Kane Stephen R. , Meadows Victoria S. , Lyons Timothy W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Current investigations of exoplanet biosignatures have focused on static evidence of life, such as the presence of biogenic gases like O2 or CH4. However, the expected diversity of terrestrial planet atmospheres and the likelihood of both “false positives” and “false negatives” for conventional biosignatures motivate exploration of additional life detection strategies, including time-varying signals. Seasonal variation in atmospheric composition is a biologically modulated phenomenon on Earth that may occur elsewhere because it arises naturally from the interplay between the biosphere and time-variable insolation. The search for seasonality as a biosignature would avoid many assumptions about specific metabolisms and provide an opportunity to directly quantify biological fluxes—allowing us to characterize, rather than simply recognize, biospheres on exoplanets. Despite this potential, there have been no comprehensive studies of seasonality as an exoplanet biosignature. Here, we provide a foundation for further studies by reviewing both biological and abiological controls on the magnitude and detectability of seasonality of atmospheric CO2, CH4, O2, and O3 on Earth. We also consider an example of an inhabited world for which atmospheric seasonality may be the most notable expression of its biosphere. We show that life on a low O2 planet like the weakly oxygenated mid-Proterozoic Earth could be fingerprinted by seasonal variation in O3 as revealed in its UV Hartley–Huggins bands. This example highlights the need for UV capabilities in future direct-imaging telescope missions (e.g., LUVOIR/HabEx) and illustrates the diagnostic importance of studying temporal biosignatures for exoplanet life detection/characterization.
Extrañamiento ecofeminista a la cibercultura como paradigma para una sociología de la educación del decrecimiento
Authors: Caramés Balo Rosa , Mulet Trobat Bartomeu 
Published: May 2018

Con la convicción de que la sociología de la educación puede contribuir a la mejora de nuestras sociedades y de su necesaria transformación hacia el decrecimiento (Taibo, 2017), se presenta uno de los principales resultados obtenidos a través de la medición en escalas tipo Likert de las respuestas dadas por 108 jóvenes varones y mujeres veinteañeros de nuestros respectivos entornos culturales (A Coruña y Mallorca), que voluntaria y anónimamente respondieron a dos cuestionarios elaborados para recoger sus opiniones en torno a una de nuestras metáforas zombie (Lizcano, 2006) más actuales como es la de la cibercultura y, también, cómo ésta ha repercutido en el cambio de sus hábitos a través del uso de tiempos de su vida cotidiana en los últimos cinco años. El análisis de varianza ha revelado que la variable género marca diferencias significativas en la comprensión del fenómeno de la cibercultura, pese a su global hegemonía.
Validação da expressão aproximada da rigidez secante adimensional (Kappa) para concreto de alta resistência [Validation of non-dimensional secant stiffness (kappa) approximated expression for high strength concrete]
Authors: Licht Fortes Gustavo , Carlos Della Bella João , Leopoldo e Silva França Ricardo 
Published: May 2018

Concretos de alta resistência (CAR) estão inseridos no grupo II de resistência e possuem fck superior a 50 MPa. Eles possuem curvas tensão-deformação com limites distintos daqueles convencionados como concretos de resistência normal. Por isso, o uso da rigidez secante adimensional apresentada pela norma brasileira de concreto armado – NBR6118 (ABNT, 2014) – necessita de validação para CAR. Para essa validação da expressão que consta na norma brasileira para CAR, foram analisadas disposições de armadura consideradas mais desfavoráveis para a resistência (altos valores de d’/h), com várias taxas mecânicas de armadura. Foram comparados os momentos máximos de 1ª ordem que poderiam ser aplicados na seção caso se considerasse a rigidez kappa a partir do diagrama momento-curvatura, com aqueles momentos obtidos considerando a rigidez kappa aproximada por expressão normativa. Em apenas 4,26% dos 5.840 casos analisados, o valor aproximado resultou maior que o valor real. A maior diferença entre os valores de máximos momentos de primeira ordem obtidos por meio da rigidez adimensional real e aproximada foi de 7,27%, o que pode ser considerado aceitável. Dessa forma a expressão aproximada da rigidez kappa prescrita pela NBR6118 (ABNT, 2014) também é válida para CAR.
Abstract
High strength concretes (HSC) are presented in group II of resistance and have compression strength greater than 50 MPa at 28 days. They have stress-strain curves with different limits from those referred as normal resistance concretes. Therefore, the use of the non-dimensional secant stiffness presented by the Brazilian Code of Reinforced Concrete - NBR6118 (ABNT, 2014) - needs validation for HSC. Unfavorable dispositions of steel bar reinforcement (high values of d '/ h), with a several mechanical rates of reinforcement, were analyzed for validation of the expression that appears in the Brazilian Code for HSC. It was compared the maximum moment of 1st order that could be applied in the section if the kappa stiffness was considered from the moment-curvature diagram, with those moments obtained with the normative expression for kappa stiffness. The approximate value was greater than the real value in only 4.26% of the 5840 cases analyzed. The greatest difference between the values of maximum first-order moments obtained by the real and the approximate non-dimensional stiffness was 7.27%, which can be considered acceptable. Thus the approximate expression of the kappa stiffness prescribed by NBR6118 (ABNT, 2014) is also valid for HSC.
¿Cómo puede la tecnología contribuir a la integración de alumnos con necesidades especiales a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en aulas inclusivas?
Authors: Sala Núria Rosich 
Published: May 2018

Os avanços tecnológicos e em especial os digitais, tem contribuído de forma importante no ensino e aprendizagem da matemática. O uso da tecnologia não é novo, há muito tempo, a utilização das “calculadoras” já havia sido incorporada nas salas de aula. Posteriormente, com o desenvolvimento dos ambientes digitais, favoreceu-se a criação de software específico, para o aluno sem alguma necessidade educativa especial. A criação de programas concretos e de aplicação para alunos com necessidades educativas especiais inseridos em salas de aula inclusivas ocorreram muito mais recente. Entres os diversos software que podemos encontrar para estes alunos podemos citar: cibervoz, infovox etc., para alunos cegos. Apresentamos, aqui, a rápida evolução que tem experimentado a criação e o uso das chamadas “novas tecnologias” TIC (Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação) no ensino e aprendizagem
da matemática nos níveis obrigatórios em aulas inclusivas. Mostraremos também como nosso grupo tem evoluído na inserção das novas metodologias para aulas inclusivas. E de igual forma exporemos as distintas investigações que realizamos com os ambientes de
aprendizagem digital para alunos com necessidades especiais (surdos, cegos etc.) e que nos mostraram a eficácia deles.