bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strukturuntersuchung mit Röntgenbeugungsmethoden an Lipopolysacchariden von Salmonella minnesota Mutanten S SF 1111 und R 595 SF 1167
Authors: Wawra H. , Buschmann H. , Formanek H. , Formanek S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The lipolysaccharides of two mutants of Salmonella minnesota with known chemical structure were investigated by X-ray methods. Both thickness of the lipopolysaccharide layer and arrangement of the molecular components could be estimated. Using these informations a space-filling model of the structure was built.
On the Dynamic Model of tR N A : Recent Experimental Findings
Authors: Gurel Okan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recent experimental findings are shown to support various aspects of the dynamic model of tRNA proposed earlier and the interaction between tRNA, mRNA and the ribosomal RNA’s. Extra loop of tRNA molecule is suggested to play a role in recognizing the corresponding amino acids and a correlation is presented between the tRNA molecules and the corresponding amino acids as tabulated by the genetic tableau.
Sequences Homologous to BAV Component of HL23V in Baboon Tissues
Authors: Mishra L. , Baluda M. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The BAV component of HL23V virus (HL23V-BAB) hybridized to DNA from different Baboon tissues and appears to be an endogenous Baboon virus. Competition hybridization studies show that HL23V-BAB is closely related to viruses isolated from various Baboon species: P. hamadrys, P. papio, and P. cynocephalus. Competition hybridization studies also show that normal Baboon tissues contain more copies of proviral DNA than cells infected in vitro.
Notizen: Absence of Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation in Acatalasemic Mice
Authors: Steffen Christian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Catalase (E. C. 1.11.1.6) activity and NADPH-depen-dent lipid peroxidation have been measured in liver micro­ somes from normal and acatalasemic mice. The absence of lipid peroxidation in acatalatic microsomes is not restituted by exogenous catalase as is microsomal methanol oxidation nor is it inhibited by sodium azide, thus suggesting an additional abnormality in these mice.
Notizen: A New Mutant Affecting Aldehyde Oxidase in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bentley Michael M. , Williamson John H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A new locus, Aldox-2, which affects the activity and heat stability of aldehyde oxidase in D. melanogaster is described. The Aldox-2 locus is localized to map position 86 on chromosome 2, between c and px. Aldehyde oxidase activity in Aldox-2 homozygotes is approximately 25 - 30% that of the Oregon-R wild-type control strain. The enzyme from the mutant stock is much more heat labile than is the enzyme from the wild-type strain. Both the activity and heat phenotypes are completely recessive.
Notizen: Der Mäuse-Inzuchtstamm STU. Entwicklung und Eigenschaften
Authors: Schäfer W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The highly inbred STU mouse strain (up to 100 inbred generations) was developed from a German white mouse colony. Its properties are described with special emphasis on the occurrence of tumors, occurrence of C-type oncornaviruses and on its immunological reactivity. The predominant tumor is a fibrosarcoma (~23% incidence).
Untersuchungen zum Biosyntheseort und Transport von Cardenoliden in Convallaria majalis L. / Cardenolide Biogenesis and Translocation in Convallaria majalis L.
Authors: Kopp Brigitte , Löffelhardt Wolfgang , Kubelka Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
[4-14C] Progesterone, fed to leaves and whole plants of Convallaria majalis L., was incorporated into the main cardenolide glycosides. After application of [4-14C] progesterone to the leaves of intact plants via the epidermis labelled desglucocheirotoxin, convallatoxin and convallatoxol were isolated from rhizomes and roots. When the precursor was administered to rhizome cuttings no radioactivity could be detected in the cardiac glycoside fraction. The experiments pointed out that during the stage of flowering biosynthesis of cardenolide glycosides takes place in the leaves of Convallaria majalis rather than in the subterranean parts of the plant. A translocation of these substances from the leaves to rhizomes and roots seems possible.
Effect of Mechanical Traumatization on Rate and Constancy of Oxygen Uptake of Isolated Diaphragms
Authors: Schmidt H. J. , Sommer M. , Pichotka J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Diaphragms of mice were traumatized by division parallel or transversally to the muscle fibres. The extent of traumatization was varied by the degree of subdivision. Oxygen uptake was measured by the Warburg technique. Undivided diaphragms as control displayed constant oxygen uptake for the four hours of observation. With divided diaphragms oxygen uptake was unstable. Division parallel to the muscle fibres resulted in continuous decrease of oxygen uptake after a normal initial phase; the decline was significantly steeper with increasing extent of traumatization. Division transversally to the muscle fibres resulted in an initial increase of oxygen uptake followed in a second phase by a continuous decrease. The initial increase as well as the final decrease of oxygen uptake was more pronounced with higher extent of subdivision.
Evidence for a Rapid Oxygen-Uptake in Tobacco Chloroplasts
Authors: Schmid Georg H. , Thibault Pierre 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A fast oxygen uptake, induced by a sequence of short (5 µsec) saturating flashes was observed in chloroplasts of wild type tobacco and two chlorophyll-deficient tobacco mutants. One of the chlorophyll mutants is the earlier described variegated tobacco NC 95. Chloroplasts of this mutant exhibit only photosystem I mediated photoreactions, hence the observed oxygen uptake is to be associated with photosystem I. This is further substantiated by the fact that the oxygen uptake is insensitive to DCMU in the two chloroplast types used, which have both photosystems fully functioning. The uptake depends on the addition of electron acceptors like p-benzoquinone in intact chloroplasts or on p-benzoquinone or ferricyanide in chloroplasts that have lost the envelope. In dark adapted chloroplasts, therefore, under these conditions the overall apparent gas exchange in the first two flashes is consumption. Although the uptake is slower than photosynthetic oxygen evolution it clearly affects the oxygen yield in the flash sequences. This is demonstrated by several experiments in which the apparent oxygen consumption in the absence of DCMU oscillates with a periodicity of four. We have indications that in chloroplasts of the tobacco aurea mutant Su/su the oxygen uptake is faster than in wild type chloroplasts.
Die Sequenzkomplexität transkribierter unique DNA Sequenzen im Genom von Maus P815 Mastocytoma Zellen / Sequence Complexity of Transcribed Unique DNA Sequences in Genome of Mouse P815 Mastocytoma Cells
Authors: Boehm Thomas L. J. , Drahovsky Dusan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The sequence complexity of nuclear RNA from mouse liver, mouse spleen and highly malignant P815 mastocytoma was measured by nRNA driven hybridization to unique DNA sequences of P815 cells. The unique DNA sequences represent 63% of the total nuclear DNA of P815 cells and their availibility in hybridization experiments was found to be 76%. Of these sequences 7.8% formed hybrids with nuclear RNA of this cell, about 11.5% with mouse spleen and about 14.5% with mouse liver nuclear RNA. Assuming an asymmetrical transcription, the complexities of these transcripts are 2.8 × 108 nucleotides for mouse P815 mastocytoma, 4.3 × 108 for mouse spleen and about 5.3 × 108 nucleotides for mouse liver.
Cellular specifity of the transcribed information was analyzed in additivity experiments, in which unique DNA sequences, not complementary to the nuclear RNA of one cell were annealed to the nuclear RNAs of the two other tissues/cells. In these experiments most of the nuclear RNA se­ quences of P815 cells were found to be also present in the nucleus of mouse liver and spleen. Only a small portion of the unique DNA sequences of P815 mastocytoma (about 1.2% corresponding to 4.4 ×107 nucleotides) was found to be complementary only to P815 mastocytoma nuclear RNA.
The Physiological Optics of a Nocturnal Semi-Aquatic Spider, Dolomedes aquaticus (Pisauridae)
Authors: Williams David S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The optics of the posterior eyes of the amphibious spider, Dolomedes aquaticus, are described. The lenses have strongly-curved spherical front and rear surfaces, and therefore, a fairly high light capturing ability - they have F-numbers of 0.9 - yet, the large amount of spherical aberration predicted by their shape is mostly corrected. The receptive segments of the receptors are arranged in rows, each row separated by pigmented glial cells, but within a row, rhabdomeres from neigh­ bouring cells are contiguous so that coupling between cells from the same row seems a possible way of increasing absolute sensitivity for night vision. When the spider submerges, an air-layer is held over the comeal surfaces - as with a diver’s face mask - so that light is focused on to the receptive layer of the retina under water as well as above. These features are considered as adaptations for the nocturnal and semi-aquatic habits of the spider.
Eine fluorometrische Bestimmungsmethode für mikrosomale Monooxygenase-Aktivität der Rattenleber mit Scoparon als Substrat / A Fluorometric Test for Microsomal Monooxygenase Activity in the Rat Liver with Scoparone as Substrate
Authors: Müller-Enoch Dieter , Thomas Helmut , Ockenfels Heinrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A sensitive fluorometric test for the determination of monooxygenase activity in liver microsomes from rats is described. The assay is based on the O -demethylation of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (scoparone) to 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-coumarin and 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin. Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or polycyclic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene) causes a significant increase in the amount of microsomal dealkylation activity.
Characterization of a Light-Induced Oxygen-Uptake in Tobacco Protoplasts
Authors: Schmid Georg H. , Thibault Pierre 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Protoplasts prepared from the wild type tobacco N. tabacum var. John William’s Broadleaf exhibit photosynthetic oxygen-evolution if the suspension medium is supplemented with bicarbonate. In the absence of bicarbonate no steady state oxygen-evolution is observed with such preparations. Instead, an appreciable uptake which is mainly insensitive to DCMU and which persists over hours, and therefore is no induction phenomenon, is seen. Protoplasts of the tobacco aurea mutant Su/su, which is a plant with an exceptionally high photorespiration, show an oxygen consumption in the light which is 4 to 5 times higher per protoplast than in the wild type. Again, the uptake is practically insensitive to DCMU which means that the effect is to be associated with photosystem I. This is further substantiated by the fact that protoplasts prepared from yellow leaf1 sec­tions of the variegated tobacco mutant NC 95 also show the light induced uptake. As reported earlier, the yellow leaf sections of this mutant exhibit only photosystem I reactions.
The action spectrum for this oxygen-uptake yields the spectrum of chlorophyll. Consequently, this uptake is an inherent property of the chloroplast and has nothing to do with earlier described, light-dependent oxygen consumptions, which were mainly driven by blue light and hence used some yellow pigment as the photoreceptor. No effect or contribution of yellow pigments such as carotenoids is seen since the action spectrum with the yellow tobacco mutants which have an up to 4 fold higher carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio than the wild type is identical to that of the wild type.
Biologische Wirkungen elektromagnetischer Felder / Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Bernhardt J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This résumé deals with thermal and nonthermal effects of electromagnetic fields on man. In consideration of two aspects a limitation is necessary. Firstly, there will be discussed only direct and immediate influences on biological cells and tissues, secondly, the treatment is limited to such phenomena, for which biophysical aproximations, based on experimental data, could be developed.
Hazards for the human being may occur only by thermal effects within the microwave range. Regarding frequencies below approximately 30 kHz, excitation processes cannot be excluded in exceptional cases. Thermal effects are predominant, between 30 kHz and 100 kHz, before excitations can appear.
Furthermore, by comparing the electrically and magnetically induced currents with the naturally flowing currents in man caused by the brain’s and heart’s electrical activity, a “lower boundary-line” was estimated. Regarding electric or magnetic field strengths undercutting this boundary-line, direct effects on the central nervous system may be excluded; other mechanisms should be responsible for demonstrated biological effects. The paper closes referring to some reports - presently discussed - on experimental findings of biological effects, which were observed as a result of the influence of electromagnetic fields of small field strengths.
Enrichment of Solanum khasianum Callus Generating Rootlets with Steroidal Glycoalkaloids
Authors: Kokate Chandra K. , Radwan Samir S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Undifferentiated callus cultures of Solanum khasianum contain only traces of steroidal glycoalkaloids, whereas cultures which have just started to generate rootlets contain these com pounds at a level of up to 5.2% of the dry weight. Only 0.34% steroidal glycoalkaloids occur in the seeds; they consist predominantly of solasonine and solanidine as well as traces of an unidentified com pound. Conversely, steroidal glycoalkaloids from tissue cultures starting organogenesis contain the unidentified com pound as a major fraction, in addition to small amounts of solasonine and solanidine.
Nondestructive Determination of Protein Content of Viable Seeds by Proton Enhanced 13C NMR
Authors: Rutar V. , Blinc R. , Stefan J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

13C, NMR, Protein Content, Seeds Proton enhanced 13C NMR spectroscopy was used for a non-destructive determination of the protein content in single viable soybean, horse-bean, bean and com seeds. The intense 13C oil lines were suppressed by a series of saturating pulses and spin temperature reversal so that only the 13C protein and carbohydrate signals of the solid part of the seed were detected. Significant seed to seed variations in the protein content were found which can be used as a basis for rapid seed selection in plant breeding programs.
Determination of Progesterone in Vegetative Organs and Cell Organelles of ConvaUaria majalis L. by Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Kopp B. , Löffelhardt W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Progesterone was extracted from leaves and subterranean parts of Convallaria majalis L. and quantified by radioimmunoassay. During the stage of flowering the content of progesterone in rhizomes was by a factor of four higher than in leaves and by a factor of ten higher than in roots, whereas five weeks later the level of progesterone was unchanged in rhizomes and roots but was elevated in the leaves. The change in progesterone distribution is discussed in relation to the development of the plants. At the subcellular level the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions contained the largest quantity of progesterone in leaf cells. However, significant amounts were also found in the 2000 × g fraction com prising nuclei and chloroplasts.
P1, P3-(5′-Guanosyl-5″-[14C]adenosyl) triphosphat: Darstellung der Kappenmutterverbindung sowie deren Abbauverhalten gegenüber subzellulären Fraktionen der Rattenleberzelle / P1, P3-(5′-Guanosyl-5″-[14C] adenosyl) triphosphate: Preparation of the Cap Parent Compound and Its Catabolic Properties towards Rat Liver Subcellular Fractions
Authors: Bomemann Siegmar , Schlimme Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report on the chemical preparation of 14C-labeled P1, P3-(5′-guanosyl-5″-adenosyl) triphosphate (1) which is the parent compound of 5′-terminal cap structures of most eukaryotic mRNAs.
Incubation experiments of cap (1)- and non cap-structured nucleotides as Ap2A (2) as well as their ribose ring opened derivatives (3, 4) with rat liver subcellular fractions show that capdegrading nucleases being able to unblock 5′ termini are present in nuclei but not in mitochondria.
Studies on Synergism between Glucose and Amino Acids with Respect to Insulin Release in vitro
Authors: Khalid Qamar , Rahman M. Ataur 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The mutual enhancement of the effect of insulin release by glucose and amino acids is not clearly understood. Present in vitro studies with isolated rat islets were undertaken to elaborate the role of amino acids on insulin release, particularly their interaction with glucose as well as among each other, which has been reported to lead to synergism in the hum an subjects.
In the presence of 8.3 mм glucose, both arginine, as well as, leucine potentiated the effect of glucose which increased progressively with the increasing concentrations of the amino acid. This effect of arginine was not synergistic in nature because arginine did not stimulate insulin release in the absence of glucose.
The effect of glucose and leucine was found to be additive and not synergistic.
No synergism was exhibited by any of the amino acid pairs tested in the present study. Thus both phenylalanine and lysine did not potentiate the effect of either arginine or leucine. Arginine showed a mild, but significant potentiating effect on leucine-stimulated insulin release.
It is suggested that synergism between glucose and amino acids and between certain amino acid pairs reported in m an may not be due to the direct effects of these stimuli on the beta cells, but some other factors in vivo may be involved.
Der Einfluß des pH, der Temperatur und der Polarität des Lösungsmittels auf die Absorption des reduzierten und oxidierten Nicotinamidadenin-dinucleotids bei 260 nm / Influence of pH, Temperature and Polarity of the Solvent on the Absorption of NADH+ and NADH at 260 nm
Authors: Schauenstein Erwin , Saenger Wolfram , Schaur Rudolf Jörg , Desoye Gemot , Schreibmayer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Assuming a reversible equilibrium of an unfolded and a base-stacked conformation of both NADH and NAD+ the influence of pH, temperature and methanol on this equilibrium was studied as indicated by the UV-absorption of the adenine band at 260 nm. By the addition of methanol as well as by an increase of temperature the equilibrium is shifted to the unfolded conformation. An increase of the H+ concentration seems to favor the unfolded conformation in the case of NAD+ while for NADH a decrease of the absorption coefficient is pointing to a higher percentage of the stacked conformation at lower pH.
From the temperature variation of the absorption coefficients the enthalpies for the conformational change were calculated and compared with data obtained by different methods.
Degradation of (–)-Ephedrine by Pseudomonas putida Detection of (–)-Ephedrine: NAD+-oxidoreductase from Arthrobacter globiformis
Authors: Klamann E. , Lingens F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A bacterium utilizing the alkaloid (-)-ephedrine as its sole source of carbon was isolated by an enrichment-culture technique from soil supplemented with 4-benzoyl-1,3-oxazolidinon-(2). The bacterium was identified as Pseudomonasputida by morphological and physiological studies. The following metabolites were isolated from the culture fluid: methylamine, formaldehyde, methyl- benzoylcarbinol (2-hydroxy-1-oxo-1-phenylpropane), benzoid acid, pyrocatechol and cis, cis- muconic acid. A pathway for the degradation of (-)-ephedrine by Pseudomonas putida is proposed and compared with the degradative pathway in Arthrobacter globiformis.
The enzyme, which is responsible for the first step in the catabolism of (-)-ephedrine could be demonstrated in extracts from Arthrobacter globiformis. This enzyme catalyses the dehydrogena- tion of (-)-ephedrine yielding phenylacetylcarbinol/methylbenzoylcarbinol and methylamine. It requires NAD+ as cofactor and exhibits optimal activity at pH 11 in 0.1 m glycine/NaOH buffer. The Km value for (-)-ephedrine is 0.02 mM and for NAD+ 0.11 mм, respectively. No remarkable loss of activity is observed following treatment with EDTA. The enzyme has been shown to react with a wide range of ethanolamines. A slight enrichment was obtained by ammonium sulphate precipitation. The name (-)-ephedrine: NAD+-oxidoreductase (deaminating) is proposed.
The Structures of Cassum unaquinones 1 and 2 from Zingiber cassumunar
Authors: Dinter Hildegard , Hänsel Rudolf , Pelter Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two novel pigments have been isolated from the lyophilised rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar, wild ginger from Thailand. Their structures have been established by spectroscopic means as 2-methoxy-8(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,4-naphthaquinone (cassumunaquinone 1) and 2-methoxy- 8 (2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,4-naphthaquinone (cassumunaquinone 2 ).
The Induction of a Ribosomal Ribonuclease in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Schulz-Harder Bemd , Kücherer Claudia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ribosomal ribonuclease of yeast is induced after a withdrawal of glucose. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of the enzyme under conditions of induction but antimycin shows no effect. Hence, the increase of the ribonuclease activity during growth of yeast is due to newly synthesized enzyme, and the induction does not depend on respiration.
Über den Gehalt an membrangebundenen und freien Ribosom en in Saccharomyceszellen bei verschiedenen Wachstums-Temperaturen / The Content of Membrane-Bound and Free Ribosomes in Growing Saccharomyces Cells at Different Temperatures
Authors: Wessel Jens , Lochmann Ernst-Randolf 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The distribution of membrane-bound and free ribosomes was investigated at different temperatures in growing yeast cells. During duplication phases of the cell a changing pattern of the amount of membrane-bound and free ribosomes can be found at all temperatures investigated: at points where there is a maximum of membrane-bound ribosomes, one can always find a minimum of free ribosomes.
The ribosomal content is significantly higher at 30 °C than it is at 20 °C, and higher at 20 °C than at 40 °C, whereas the duplication time of the cells is only slightly longer at 40 °C, but extremely longer at 20 °C than at 30 °C.