bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical application of Octavius®‐4D: Characteristics and criticalities for IMRT and VMAT verification
Authors: Urso Patrizia , Lorusso Rita , Marzoli Luca , Corletto Daniela , Imperiale Paolo , Pepe Annalisa , Bianchi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOctavius®‐4D is a very effective device in radiotherapy treatment quality assurance (QA), due to its simple set‐up and analysis package. However, even if it is widely used, its main characteristics and criticalities were only partially investigated. Taking start from its commissioning, the aim of this work was to study the main dependencies of the device response. The outcome dependence was studied comparing results by different delivery techniques [Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, IMRT (n = 29) and RapidArc, RA (n = 15)], anatomical regions [15 head/neck, 19 pelvis and 10 pancreas] and linear accelerators [DHX (n = 14) and Trilogy (n = 30)]. Moreover, the agreement dependency on the section of the phantom was assessed. Plan evaluations obtained by 2D, 3D, and volumetric γ‐index (both local and global) were also compared. Generally, high dose gradient resulted critically managed by the assembly, with a smoother effect in RA technique. Worse agreements emerged in the 2D γ‐index vs those of 3D and volumetric (P < 0.001), that were instead statistically comparable in global metric (P > 0.300). Volumetric plan evaluation was coherent with the average of passing rates on the 3 phantom axes (r ≥ 0.9), but transversal section provided best agreements vs sagittal and coronal ones (P < 0.050). The three studied districts furnished comparable results (P > 0.050) while the two LINACs provided different agreements (P < 0.005). The study pointed out that the phantom transversal section better fits the planned dose distribution, so this should be accounted when a two‐dimensional evaluation is needed. Moreover, the major reliability of the 3D metric with respect to the 2D one, as it better agrees with the dosimetric evaluation on the whole volume, suggests that it should be preferred in a two‐dimensional evaluation. Better agreements, obtained with RA vs IMRT technique, confirm that Octavius®‐4D is specifically conceived for rotational delivery. Lastly, the assembly resulted sensitive to different technology.
The first direct replication on using verbal credibility assessment for the detection of deceptive intentions
Authors: Kleinberg Bennett , Warmelink Lara , Arntz Arnoud , Verschuere Bruno 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVerbal deception detection has gained momentum as a technique to tell truth‐tellers from liars. At the same time, researchers' degrees of freedom make it hard to assess the robustness of effects. Replication research can help evaluate how reproducible an effect is. We present the first replication in verbal deception research whereby ferry passengers were instructed to tell the truth or lie about their travel plans. The original study found truth‐tellers to include more specific time references in their answers. The replication study that closely mimicked the setting, procedure, materials, coding, and analyses found no lie–truth difference for specific time references. Although the power of our replication study was suboptimal (0.77), Bayesian statistics showed evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. Given the great applied consequences of verbal credibility tests, we hope this first replication attempt ignites much needed preregistered, high‐powered, multilab replication efforts.
Few‐Layered WS2 Nanoplates Confined in Co, N‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanocages: Abundant WS2 Edges for Highly Sensitive Gas Sensors
Authors: Koo Won‐Tae , Cha Jun‐Hwe , Jung Ji‐Won , Choi Seon‐Jin , Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Dong‐Ha , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEdges of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are well known as highly reactive sites, thus researchers have attempted to maximize the edge site density of 2D TMDs. In this work, metal‐organic framework (MOF) templates are introduced to synthesize few‐layered WS2 nanoplates (a lateral dimension of ≈10 nm) confined in Co, N‐doped hollow carbon nanocages (WS2_Co‐N‐HCNCs), for highly sensitive NO2 gas sensors. WS2 precursors are assembled in the surface cavity of Co‐based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) and subsequent pyrolysis produced WS2_Co‐N‐HCNCs. During the pyrolysis, the carbonized ZIF‐67 are doped by Co and N elements, and the growth of WS2 is effectively suppressed, creating few‐layered WS2 nanoplates functionalized Co‐N‐HCNCs. The WS2_Co‐N‐HCNCs exhibit outstanding NO2 sensing characteristics at room temperature, in terms of response (48.2% to 5 ppm), selectivity, response and recovery speed, and detection limit (100 ppb). These results are attributed to the enhanced adsorption and desorption kinetics of NO2 on abundant WS2 edges, confined in the gas permeable HCNCs. This work opens up an efficient way for the facile synthesis of edge abundant few‐layered TMDs combined with porous carbon matrix via MOF templating route, for applications relying on highly active sites.
Recent Advances in Mechanism Research and Methods for Electric‐Field‐Assisted Sintering of Ceramics
Authors: Becker Mattan Ze'ev , Shomrat Neta , Tsur Yoed 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectric‐field‐assisted sintering of ceramic materials is under considerable attention during recent years. The current research is reviewed with a focus on mechanism research. Research of the mass transfer mechanisms in flash sintering (FS) is under debate during recent years. The research yields three main proposed mechanisms: nucleation due to movement of charged defects, Joule heating runaway, and electrochemical reactions. These are critically presented and discussed. Unlike FS, the mechanism of field‐assisted sintering technologies (FAST) of ceramics is well agreed upon. However, recent studies challenge even this perception with new approaches, which are presented here. New technological and methodological developments in both FS and FAST/spark plasma sintering are also presented.
Characterization and Bioreplication of Tradescantia pallida Inspired Biomimetic Superwettability for Dual Way Patterned Water Harvesting
Authors: Suvindran Neha , Li Feiran , Pan Yunlu , Zhao Xuezeng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiomimicry elucidates nature's faultless synchronization of structure with function inspiring researchers to create designs that can achieve maximum performance with minimalistic resource exhaustion. Nature has evolved the invasive species Tradescantia pallida (T. pallida) with the ability to survive in drought lands. Since this species requires humidity to survive in those conditions it can be inferred that the T. pallida partakes of foliar atmospheric water harvesting. Herein, the wettability is tested with the study establishing that the leaf exhibits para‐hydrophobicity while demonstrating a static contact angle of 165°, whereas the morphological characterization reveals a complex hierarchical sculpturing with macroscale trichomes and parallel venations. Moreover, it is identified that the foliar water uptake occurs via the para‐hydrophobic surface and the hydrophobic trichomes subsequently guiding the water along the parallel channels creating a leaf that has an efficient dual way water harvesting system. These features render it capable of surviving in any habitat that validates nature's perfect unification of structure and function. Such multifunctional surfaces are a rarity thereby making them desirable for smart water harvesting designs. Thus inspired, a replica is developed which mimics the wettability with functional artificial trichomes and a potential dual way patterned water harvesting concept is presented.
Task‐Specific Oil‐Miscible Ionic Liquids Lubricate Steel/Light Metal Alloy: A Tribochemistry Study
Authors: Yu Qiangliang , Wang Yurong , Huang Guowei , Ma Zhengfeng , Shi Yijun , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn order to increase the solubility of ionic liquids in base oils and to improve the lubricating performance of light alloys, two new ionic liquids comprised of sulfonate base anion and phosphonium based cation are designed and synthesized. The difference between these two ionic liquids is the cation: One has only one organophosphate group (P88816DOSS) and the other has two organophosphate group (P888PDOSS). The copper strip corrosion test is used to evaluate the anticorrosion properties of new developed ionic liquids. Tribological properties of the ionic liquids are investigated by an optimal SRV‐IV oscillating tribometer. The results indicate that the new designed ionic liquids show very good solubility in traditional mineral‐based oils. P88816DOSS and P888PDOSS show excellent friction reduction, antiwear performance accompanied with effective anticorrosion properties for the mineral base oil. Surface analysis results show that the superior properties of P88816DOSS and P888PDOSS are attributed to surface chemical reactions between ionic liquids and light metal.
Ultrathin All‐in‐One Spin Hall Magnetic Sensor with Built‐In AC Excitation Enabled by Spin Current
Authors: Xu Yanjun , Yang Yumeng , Zhang Mengzhen , Luo Ziyan , Wu Yihong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMagnetoresistance (MR) sensors provide cost‐effective solutions for diverse industrial and consumer applications, including emerging fields such as internet‐of‐things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and smart living. Commercially available MR sensors such as anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) sensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors, and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors typically require an appropriate magnetic bias for both output linearization and noise suppression, resulting in increased structural complexity and manufacturing cost. Here, an all‐in‐one spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) sensor with built‐in AC excitation and rectification detection is demonstrated, which effectively eliminates the requirements of any linearization and domain stabilization mechanisms separated from the active sensing layer. This is made possible by the coexistence of SMR and spin–orbit torque (SOT) in ultrathin NiFe/Pt bilayers. Despite the simplest possible structure, the fabricated Wheatstone bridge sensor exhibits essentially zero DC offset, negligible hysteresis, and a detectivity of around 1 nT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz. In addition, it also shows an angle dependence to external field similar to those of GMR and TMR, though it does not have any reference layer (unlike GMR and TMR). The superior performances of SMR sensors are evidently demonstrated in the proof‐of‐concept experiments on rotation angle measurement, and vibration and finger motion detection.
Low‐Coordinate Barium Boryloxides: Synthesis and Dehydrocoupling Catalysis for the Production of Borasiloxanes
Authors: Le Coz Erwann , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Tobisch Sven , Carpentier Jean‐François , Sarazin Yann 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe first soluble barium boryloxides [Ba]– OB{CH(SiMe3)2} are presented. These mono‐ or dinuclear complexes feature low coordination numbers, as low as two for [Ba(OB{CH(SiMe3)2}2)2], which is further stabilized by intra‐ and intermolecular Ba⋅⋅⋅H3C agostic interactions. Barium boryloxides and the parent [Ba{N(SiMe3)2}2⋅(thf)2] catalyze the dehydrocoupling of borinic acids with hydrosilanes, providing borasiloxanes under mild conditions.
Pressure‐Induced Emission Enhancement, Band‐Gap Narrowing, and Metallization of Halide Perovskite Cs3Bi2I9
Authors: Zhang Long , Liu Chunming , Wang Lingrui , Liu Cailong , Wang Kai , Zou Bo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLow‐toxicity, air‐stable bismuth‐based perovskite materials are attractive substitutes for lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The structural, optical, and electrical property changes of zero‐dimensional perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 resulting from lattice compression is presented. An emission enhancement under mild pressure is attributed to the increase in exciton binding energy. Unprecedented band gap narrowing originated from Bi−I bond contraction, and the decrease in bridging Bi‐I‐Bi angle enhances metal halide orbital overlap, thereby breaking through the Shockley–Queisser limit under relatively low pressure. Pressure‐induced structural evolutions correlate well with changes in optical properties, and the changes are reversible upon decompression. Considerable resistance reduction implies a semiconductor‐to‐conductor transition at ca. 28 GPa, and the final confirmed metallic character by electrical experiments indicates a wholly new electronic property.
Direct Cross‐Coupling of Allylic C(sp3)−H Bonds with Aryl‐ and Vinylbromides by Combined Nickel and Visible‐Light Catalysis
Authors: Huang Long , Rueping Magnus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the direct allylic C(sp3)−H bond activation of unactivated tri‐ and tetrasubstituted alkenes and their functionalization with aryl‐ and vinylbromides by nickel and visible‐light photocatalysis has been developed. The method allows C(sp2)−C(sp3) formation under mild reaction conditions with good functional‐group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
Antimony‐Functionalized Phosphine‐Based Photopolymer Networks
Authors: Béland Vanessa A. , Wang Zhiqiang , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of phosphane‐ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of crosslinked tertiary alkyl phosphines are reported. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines, stibino‐phosphonium and stibino‐bis(phosphonium) functionalized polymer networks could be generated. Small‐molecule stibino‐phosphonium and stibino‐bis(phosphonium) compounds have been well characterized previously and were used as models for spectroscopic comparison to the macromolecular analogues by NMR and XANES spectroscopy. This work reveals that the physical and electronic properties of the materials can be tuned depending on the type of coordination environment. These materials can be used as ceramic precursors, where the Sb‐functionalized polymers influence the composition of the resulting ceramic.
Contexts of “Alexignosia”
Authors: Angueli Daniella 
Published: July 2018

Abstract“Alexignosia” is a term that I introduce in order to describe a severe disruption in the desire for knowledge and the process of thought. Even though it often resembles a subject's defensive refusal to invest in objects of knowledge, in essence it hides a partial or total abolition of the function of thinking. According to my view, alexignosia originates in the context of the first caregivers' during the formative years of a child's life; a context consisting of discourses, attitudes, paradoxical injunctions, and unconscious desires, all of which are usually marked with some of psychotic aspects of parents. In this article I will first present how the thought and desire for knowledge is developed, basing my theoretical perspective on the work of French psychoanalyst, Piera Aulagnier. Secondly, I will refer to selected clinical cases, so I can describe certain types of alexignosia and the respective parental contexts that lead the child to such a psychological response.
Development of 15 microsatellite markers in Acer triflorum (Aceraceae) and cross‐amplification in congeneric species
Authors: Wang Hua‐Ying , Wei Bai‐Ying , Xiao Hong‐Xing 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyAcer (Aceraceae) is an important genus in forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. In China, 151 species have been reported, and approximately 61 species are endemic. Thus, China is considered to host the greatest diversity of Acer, but markers are needed to evaluate the genetic structure and genetic diversity of these populations of wild Acer species.Methods and ResultsUsing an enriched genomic library, we developed and characterized 15 microsatellite primers for A. triflorum, 10 of which were polymorphic. The number of alleles varied from one to nine. The levels of observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and 0.000 to 0.826, respectively. Most primers also successfully amplified in A. ginnala, A. griseum, A. mandshuricum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. sinopurpurascens, A. tegmentosum, and A. ukurunduense.ConclusionsThese markers from A. triflorum will provide an opportunity to study genetic diversity and genetic structure in the genus Acer.
Integrating fishing and conservation in a risk framework: A stochastic population model to guide the proactive management of a threatened freshwater crayfish
Authors: Todd Charles R. , Whiterod Nick , Raymond Scott M.C. , Zukowski Sylvia , Asmus Martin , Todd Macgregor J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Numerous freshwater species are recreationally harvested, yet conservation concerns are often ignored. This may lead to conflict between fisheries and conservation management for a species.
Approximately one‐third of freshwater crayfish species globally are threatened with extinction, including the Murray crayfish, Euastacus armatus (von Martens, 1866) in south‐eastern Australia. There has been substantial commercial and recreational fishing of E. armatus since European settlement, as well as other threats such as poor water quality (e.g. hypoxic ‘blackwater events’ during floods).
A stochastic population model was developed for three regional populations of male and female E. armatus, and was used to examine the effects of fishing and hypoxic blackwater disturbance on a Murray crayfish population in a lowland region.
The results indicate that the Murray crayfish population in the lowland region faces increasing risks from increasing fishing pressure, together with low frequencies of hypoxic blackwater disturbance only. Testing various fishery regulations, the modelling demonstrated that recent changes to the ‘slot size’ in occipital carapace length of 10–12 cm for legally harvesting crayfish was a suitable protection measure given the background levels of hypoxic blackwater disturbance, balancing fishing and conservation concerns. Although higher slots (11–13 cm and 12–14 cm) were less sensitive to higher fishing pressures, the recreational harvest declined.
The model was most sensitive to early life‐history survival rates; however, sensitivity analysis of model variability also indicated that E. armatus may be susceptible to highly variable environments (not to be confused with highly variable flows).
This study demonstrates the successful integration of fishing and conservation in a flexible risk framework for this threatened freshwater crayfish species; furthermore, fisher expectation can be managed by assessing the impact on harvest of potential changes to fishing regulations. This approach is easily transferable and would improve the management of other recreationally fished species facing multiple threats.
Direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jayakody Lahiru N. , Liu Jing‐Jing , Yun Eun Ju , Turner Timothy Lee , Oh Eun Joong , Jin Yong‐Su 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSimultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose via engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a sustainable solution to valorize cellulose into fuels and chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of direct conversion of cellulose into ethanol and a biodegradable surfactant, ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside, via an engineered yeast strain (i.e., strain EJ2) expressing heterologous cellodextrin transporter (CDT‐1) and intracellular β‐glucosidase (GH1‐1) originating from Neurospora crassa. We identified the formation of ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside in SSF of cellulose by the EJ2 strain owing to transglycosylation activity of GH1‐1. The EJ2 strain coproduced 0.34 ± 0.03 g ethanol/g cellulose and 0.06 ± 0.00 g ethyl‐β‐d‐glucoside/g cellulose at a rate of 0.30 ± 0.02 g·L−1·h−1 and 0.09 ± 01 g·L−1·h−1, respectively, during the SSF of Avicel PH‐101 cellulose, supplemented only with Celluclast 1.5 L. Herein, we report a possible coproduction of a value‐added chemical (alkyl‐glucosides) during SSF of cellulose exploiting the transglycosylation activity of GH1‐1 in engineered S. cerevisiae. This coproduction could have a substantial effect on the overall technoeconomic feasibility of theSSF of cellulose.
Fluoropolymers: The Right Material for the Right Applications
Authors: Ameduri Bruno 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn overview on the synthesis, properties, and applications of fluoropolymers (PFs) is presented. First, a non‐exhaustive summary on the homopolymers from conventional radical polymerization of fluoromonomers is proposed. FPs are interesting materials thanks to their outstanding properties such as thermal, oxidative and chemical resistances, low dissipation factor, refractive index, permittivity, and water absorptivity, as well as excellent durability and weatherability. Various strategies of synthesis are proposed, especially on recent studies on radical (co)polymerization of fluoroalkenes, just like their properties and applications ranging from coatings and energy‐related materials (e.g. fuel cell membranes, components for lithium ion batteries, electroactive devices, and photovoltaics) to original fluorinated elastomers, surfactants, thermoplastic elastomers, thermostables, and optical devices.
Ensemble versus Local Restructuring of Core‐shell Nickel–Cobalt Nanoparticles upon Oxidation and Reduction Cycles
Authors: Carenco Sophie , Bonifacio Cecile S. , Yang Judith C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles are widely studied, for example in catalysis. However, possible restructuring in the environment of use, such as segregation or alloying, may occur. Taken individually, state‐of‐the‐art analytical tools fail to give an overall picture of these transformations. This study combines an ensemble analysis (near‐ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) with a local analysis (environmental transmission electron microscopy) to provide an in situ description of the restructuring of core–shell nickel‐cobalt nanoparticles exposed to cycles of reduction and oxidation. It reveals a partial surface alloying accompanied by fragmentation of the shell into smaller clusters, which is not reversible. Beyond this case study, the methodology proposed here should be applicable in a broad range of studies dealing with the reactivity of mono‐ or bi‐metallic metal nanoparticles.
Electrochemical and Theoretical Investigations of the Oxidatively Induced Reactivity of the Complex [Fe2(CO)4(κ2‐dmpe)(μ‐adtBn)] Related to the Active Site of [FeFe] Hydrogenases
Authors: Arrigoni Federica , Mohamed Bouh Salma , Elleouet Catherine , Pétillon François Y. , Schollhammer Philippe , De Gioia Luca , Zampella Giuseppe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of the complex [Fe2(CO)4(κ2‐dmpe)(μ‐adtBn)] (adtBn=(SCH2)2NCH2C6H5, dmpe=Me2PCH2CH2PMe2) (1) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in acetonitrile and in dichloromethane in the presence of various substrates L (L=MeCN, trimethylphosphite, isocyanide). The oxidized species, [1‐MeCN](PF6)2, [1‐(P(OMe)3)2](PF6)2 and [1‐(RNC)4](PF6)2 (R=tert‐butyl, xylyl), have been prepared and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies and, except [1‐MeCN](PF6)2, by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystallographic structures of the new FeIIFeII complexes reveal that the association of one additional ligand (P(OMe)3 or RNC) occurs and, according to the nature of the substrates, further substitutions of one or three carbonyl groups, by P(OMe)3 or RNC, respectively, arise. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to elucidate and discriminate, in each case, the mechanisms leading to the corresponding oxidized species. Moreover, the different degree of ligand substitution in the diiron core has been theoretically rationalized.