bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic underpinnings of leukemia pathology and treatment
Authors: Nemkov Travis , D'Alessandro Angelo , Reisz Julie A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCarcinogenic transformation of white blood cells during hematopoiesis leads to the development of leukemia, a cancer characterized by incompetent immune cells and a disruption of normal bone marrow function. Leukemias are diverse in type, affected population, prognosis, and treatment regimen, yet a common theme in leukemia is the dysregulated metabolism of leukemic cells and leukemic stem cells with respect to their noncancerous counterparts.Recent findingsIn this review, we highlight current findings that elucidate metabolic traits unique to the four major types of leukemia, which confer carcinogenic survival but can be potentially exploited for therapeutic intervention. These metabolic features can work in conjunction with or be independent of unique aspects of the bone marrow microenvironment that can also influence cell survival and proliferation, thus sustaining carcinogenesis.ConclusionDeepening our understanding of the interactions of leukemias with their niche environments in vivo will inform future treatments for leukemia, particularly for those that are refractive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other therapeutic mainstays.
A model for predicting prejudice and stigma expression by understanding target perceptions: The effects of visibility, politicization, responsibility, and entitativity
Authors: Kende Anna , McGarty Craig 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe study of hostile orientations toward outgroups is divided into three main domains: (i) overt (explicit, old‐fashioned, or hostile) prejudice; (ii) veiled (implicit, modern, aversive, or subtle) prejudice, and (iii) stigma. To date, there is no systematic account of which form of hostility is likely to be expressed toward members of particular target groups. We propose a model that integrates the two forms of prejudice and the concept of stigma into a single framework. The contingency model of stigma and prejudice expression postulates that overt or veiled prejudice is a function of an interaction of prevailing perceptions of target groups within their cultural context. There are four major target perceptions that influence prejudice expression through increasing threat perception: visibility, target politicization, responsibility, and entitativity. These target perceptions describe the process and the qualitative conditions that determine the expression of prejudice toward members of different groups and social categories.
Increases in the extreme rainfall events: Using the Weibull distribution
Authors: Olivera Sazcha , Heard Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe frequency of extreme weather events, such as severe floods, storms, hurricanes, and droughts, seems to have increased in recent years. The analysis of trends and other changes in the distribution of these phenomena uses the extreme value theory. This study proposes the use of the Weibull distribution for the evaluation of extreme events in precipitation. A correct assessment of probabilities of extreme precipitation events and their changes is important for stakeholders, particularly in agriculture, infrastructure, tourism, and insurance. This paper provides a simple approach in showing the trends in extreme precipitation in the western part of Mexico. The methodology has an additional virtue as it enables the calculation of probabilities of change in extreme events. With this, it is feasible to develop new methodologies for better understanding of climate change.
The suitability of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) for alleviating human micronutrient dietary deficiencies: A review
Authors: Olatunji Tomi L. , Afolayan Anthony J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman micronutrient dietary deficiency remains an enormous global problem and probably accounts for the cause of many chronic health conditions and diseases. Above two (2) billion individuals on the planet today have been estimated to be deficient in major minerals and vitamins, predominantly zinc, iodine, vitamin A, and iron primarily due to inadequate dietary intake. The eradication of deficiencies in micronutrient on a sustainable basis will be conceivable only when diets of vulnerable populace provide all required nutrients in adequate amounts. Among the numerous approaches toward eradicating human dietary deficiency, feeding on a wide range of foods, especially vegetables that have an array of micronutrients, is still perceived as the best sustainable solution. The universal consumption of chili peppers (Capsicum annuum), known for their high nutritional content (which includes a good range of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and dietary fiber), may play a role in decreasing human micronutrient deficiencies. Significant portions of recommended daily nutrients could be supplied by the incorporation of nutrient‐rich chili pepper into human diets which could help in combating nutrient deficiencies. This present review, therefore, gives an overview of the universal occurrence of micronutrient deficiency. It also discusses approaches that have been used to tackle the situation while stressing the potentials of chili pepper as a promising vegetable which could be utilized in alleviating human micronutrient dietary deficiencies. For all available information provided, research databases (Science direct, Academic journals, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched independently using keyword search strategy. Titles and abstracts were examined initially, and full papers were retrieved if studies met the inclusion criteria.
Hydrogenation towards Synthetic Sandalwood Odorants in Fragrance Industry
Authors: Dupau Philippe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use of metal hydrides as historical reagents for selective carbonyl group reduction is often still a really highly convenient solution for laboratory‐scale transformations due to the lack of requirement for specific equipment. Nevertheless, based on safety, environmental, but also economical industrial constraints, metal hydride reductions were replaced by hydrosilylation, hydrogen transfer, and mostly hydrogenation reactions. Among many other advantages, the use of hydrogen as a reducing agent indeed represents the most sustainable solution for implementation of such chemical transformation on industrial scale. Whereas heterogeneous catalysts have been initially sparsely employed, the most recent developments towards the synthesis of highly active and efficient homogeneous catalysts have become an indisputable solution for selective hydrogenation of both ketones and aldehydes in sandalwood odorant production according to green chemistry principles.
Ticagrelor use in acute myocardial infarction: Balancing evidence‐based medicine with affordability
Authors: Walker Andrew L. , Sorensen Teshia , Gabriel Paolo P. , Sledge Tyler , Morshedzadeh Jack H. , Owan Theophilus , Shah Rashmee U. 
Published: October 2018

Study objectiveData from randomized controlled trials support a mortality benefit with ticagrelor vs clopidogrel among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Many health care providers preferentially treat patients with AMI with ticagrelor. The goal of this study was to determine the association between out‐of‐pocket drug costs and ticagrelor continuation compared with switching to clopidogrel among patients hospitalized for AMI, after a pharmacist‐led discussion on outpatient copayment costs for ticagrelor.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary care academic medical center.PatientsPatients with AMI were hospitalized between February 15, 2015 and January 23, 2017, who were loaded with ticagrelor on presentation.Main resultsOf 143 patients with AMI loaded with ticagrelor, 70 (49%) were switched to clopidogrel after cost discussion. The median monthly ticagrelor copayment was $268.29 (interquartile range [IQR] $45‐$350) for switchers vs $18 (IQR $6‐$24) for nonswitchers (P < .001). Patients with copayments of $100/month or more were 3.4 times more likely to switch to clopidogrel (relative risk 3.41, 95% confidence interval 2.12‐5.47), compared with patients with copayments of less than $100/month.ConclusionsAfter a discussion of outpatient costs, half of patients with AMI were switched from ticagrelor to clopidogrel when given the choice.
Hospital admission rates of patients enrolled in pharmacist vs nurse anticoagulation management services
Authors: Tarasiuk Natalia , Parker Marcie , Russo‐Alvarez Giavanna , Cristiani Cari , Wai Maya 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionVarious health care professionals provide dedicated anticoagulation management services (AMS). There is limited literature describing head‐to‐head trials comparing outcomes among different types of AMS.ObjectivesThe primary objective is to compare all‐cause hospitalizations between pharmacist‐ and nurse‐managed AMS. The secondary objectives are to characterize admissions, readmissions, and emergency department visits.MethodsThis study is a retrospective, observational cohort. Patients were included if they were 18 y of age or older and had an anticoagulation management consult for either the pharmacist‐ or nurse‐managed anticoagulation clinics from July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014. Patients were excluded if they had a lapse of 10 wk without a point‐of‐care International normalized ratio draw or had a duration of warfarin management less than 2 wk. The study period included the duration of warfarin management or up to 1 y of warfarin management after the initial consult, whichever was shorter.ResultsA total of 824 and 547 patients were identified in the pharmacist‐ and nurse‐managed groups, respectively. A total of 250 patients were randomized in each arm. After accounting for exclusion criteria, 242 and 245 patients were included in the pharmacist‐ and nurse‐managed groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics differed between the groups based on poverty status, race, stroke risk score, previous admissions, and international status. The primary outcome occurred in 55 (22.7%) of the pharmacist‐managed patients and 86 (35%) of the nurse‐managed patients (P = 0.002). When accounting for differences in baseline characteristics, there was a statistically significant decrease in all‐cause hospitalizations in the pharmacist group (odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [0.39‐0.98]). Indication for warfarin, types of admissions, emergency department visits, and 30‐d readmissions was similar between the groups. Time in therapeutic range was different between the groups.ConclusionThis hypothesis‐generating study found a difference in AMS performed by pharmacists and nurses. Pharmacists reduced hospitalization rates within the first year of AMS.
Impact of a pharmacist‐driven transition of care program for patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Gorman Emma M. , Brown Geoffrey W. , Costello Jessica N. , Woodruff Ashley E. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPharmacist‐driven transition of care (TOC) initiatives have been shown to reduce rates of medication errors and readmission rates in several patient populations, including heart failure. Existing literature evaluating pharmacist‐driven TOC initiatives targeting patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) are limited.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a newly implemented pharmacist‐driven TOC initiative on readmission rates in patients with ACS.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center, pre‐post observational cohort study. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Patients were matched for age, gender, and ACS type with a historical cohort who received no pharmacist TOC intervention. The primary outcome was the 90‐day all‐cause readmission rate. Secondary outcomes included 30‐ and 90‐day cardiovascular‐related readmission rates as well as the 30‐day all‐cause readmission rate. Individual components of a pharmacist‐driven TOC initiative were also evaluated to determine what, if any, aspect of the program had the greatest association with reduced readmission.ResultsA total of 300 patients were included in the study; 150 patients in the pharmacist TOC group and 150 patients in the historical control group. There was a statistically significant reduction in all readmissions at 90 days in the pharmacist TOC group compared with the historical control group (24.7% vs 13.3%, P = .0124). Cardiovascular‐related readmissions were also significantly reduced in the pharmacist TOC group at 30 days (11.3% vs 4.7%, P = .0333) and at 90 days (16.7% vs 8.0%, P = .0225). A higher percentage of patients who were not readmitted received pharmacist medication history and reconciliation compared with patients who were readmitted (129 [99.2%] vs 18 [90%], respectively, P = .046).ConclusionsThe implementation of a pharmacist‐driven TOC initiative targeting ACS patients was associated with reduced readmission rates.
Assessment of chronic disease management among patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease receiving care in a cardiology clinic
Authors: Pearson Scott M. , Shakowski Courtney , Vande Griend Joseph P. , Page Robert L. , Khanna Amber D. , Wright Garth C. , Saseen Joseph J. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) often have multiple comorbidities (eg, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia). It is unclear if these comorbidities are adequately managed among patients established in a cardiology clinic.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study used electronic medical record data from 1 January 2014 to 31 October 2017 to examine the achievement of five chronic disease quality measures (glycated hemoglobin, A1C ≤ 9.0%, blood pressure, BP < 140/90 mm Hg, antiplatelet agent, moderate/high‐intensity statin, and annual influenza vaccine). Additional measures of optimal care were also assessed (A1C ≤ 8.0%, A1C ≤ 7.0%, blood pressure < 130/80 mm Hg, high‐intensity statin, pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPSV23)). Patients were identified from the University of Colorado Health Cardiac and Vascular Center (CVC) with CAD, diabetes, and at least two CVC visits within a 24‐month period (n = 295).ResultsThe primary outcome measures with highest achievement were for antiplatelet and moderate/high‐intensity statin prescribing (91% and 89%, respectively). The measure with lowest achievement was receipt of influenza vaccination (69%). Women were less likely than men to achieve at least four of the five measures (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24‐0.80). Patients with two or more primary care provider (PCP) visits within the past year were more likely to achieve at least four measures compared with patients with less than two PCP visits (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.14‐4.31). When applying optimal measures, 41% of patients achieved an A1C ≤7%, 52% achieved a blood pressure of <130/80 mm Hg, and 66% were prescribed high‐intensity statins.ConclusionsAchievement for chronic care quality measures was high but performance could be improved, especially among women and patients with infrequent PCP visits. Increased collaboration and communication between primary care and cardiology may improve care for these patients.
Comprehensive analysis of aberrantly expressed profiles of messenger RNA in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Sun Jinhui , Li Baolong , Sun Antao , Zhao Kunpeng , Ma Yanchun , Zhao Jiuli , Pan Hui , Song Qingrui , Wang Yan , Yu Chunyu , Wang Cui , Zhang Huan , Zhang Wenwen , Kong Chenfan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality of clinical liver disease worldwide. Until today, although many general therapies are carried out and several molecular targets have been proposed to act as the potential therapeutic targets, more accurate molecular targets and more effective therapeutic methods remain needed.Material and MethodsIn the study, we analyze the differential expression genes (DEGs) between the patients with ALD and healthy controls. Gene Ontology enrichment and KEGG signaling pathway analysis are performed to identify the function of DEGs. Some significant molecules are proposed to act as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD. RNA data of 15 ALD tissues and 7 normal tissues for RNA expression analysis were obtained. DEGs in ALD samples compared with normal tissues identified through the limma R package and subjected to network analysis.ResultsAs a result, we obtained a total of 274 DEGs that mainly involved in biological processes related to the angiogenesis, stress reaction, synthesis, and metabolism of organic acids. Network analysis obtained several genes with high network degree and fold change. Some significant molecules are proposed to act as the potential therapeutic targets for ALD.ConclusionsOur research identified some new progression‐related genes of alcohol liver diseases, which could be regarded as the new targets for the early diagnosis and therapeutic management in ALD.
Development of a techno‐economic framework for natural gas dehydration via absorption using Tri‐Ethylene Glycol: a comparative study on conventional and stripping gas dehydration processes
Authors: Kong Zong Yang , Mahmoud Ahmed , Liu Shaomin , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo date, none of the existing techno‐economic analyses on natural gas dehydration via absorption using triethylene glycol takes into consideration the profit assessment. This work addresses this shortcoming by developing a techno‐economic framework that evaluates the economic feasibility of three different dehydration processes, i.e., conventional dehydration process, stripping gas dehydration process using sale gas, and stripping gas dehydration process using nitrogen, which can meet the maximum water dew point requirement set by local authorities (e.g., Malaysia) for pipeline‐transported natural gas.RESULTSOur techno‐economic analyses reveal that the maximum water dew point specification of −25 °C can only be achieved by using a stripping gas dehydration process that consumes more than 260 Nm3 h−1 of sale gas or 435 Nm3 h−1 of nitrogen. In particular, the use of sale gas as stripping gas with an optimum flow rate of 260 Nm3 h−1 generates the highest annual net profit margin, of about $29 million. Such a profit margin is higher with respect to the use of nitrogen as stripping gas and the conventional dehydration process by about $1.6 million and $300 000, respectively. The minimum water dew point specification of 5 °C, on the other hand, can be achieved by all three analysed dehydration processes.CONCLUSIONThe use of sale gas as stripping gas becomes more justifiable economically relative to the conventional dehydration process and the other alternative (the use of nitrogen as stripping gas) and when a low water dew point specification of −25 °C is required for natural gas. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Adjustable pervaporation performance of Zr‐MOF/poly(vinyl alcohol) mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Wu Guorong , Li Yongliang , Geng Yanzi , Lu Xiaoyu , Jia Zhiqian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolymer membranes often display trade‐off effects between permeation flux and separation factor in pervaporation, and exploring the strategies for breaking the effects is crucial. In this study, by altering the organic linkers (1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate acid, 2‐hydroxyterephthalic acid, 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid and biphenyl‐4,4‐dicarboxylate), UiO‐66, UiO‐66‐OH, UiO‐66‐(OH)2 and UiO‐67 were prepared and incorporated in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes for pervaporation of 90 wt% ethanol solution for the first time.RESULTSThe membrane properties and pervaporation performances were tuned, and anti‐trade‐off effects were demonstrated for UiO‐66/PVA, UiO‐66‐OH/PVA and UiO‐66‐(OH)2/PVA mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). For the UiO‐66‐(OH)2/PVA MMM with 1.0 wt% loading, the permeation flux, separation factor and pervaporation separation index (PSI) were increased by 16, 14 and 32% respectively and the water permeance and selectivity were increased by 24 and 10% respectively, while the swelling degree in 90 wt% ethanol declined by 28% in comparison with that of pristine PVA membrane.CONCLUSIONThe pervaporation performance of the UiO‐66‐(OH)2/PVA MMM demonstrated good potential in alcohol dehydration. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Differences between FLIM phasor analyses for data collected with the Becker and Hickl SPC830 card and with the FLIMbox card
Authors: Ranjit Suman , Malacrida Leonel , Gratton Enrico 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe phasor approach to FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) is becoming popular due to the powerful fit free analysis and the visualization of the decay at each point in images of cells and tissues. However, although several implementation of the method are offered by manufactures of FLIM accessories for microscopes, the details of the conversion of the decay to phasors at each point in an image requires some consideration. Here, we show that if the decay is not properly acquired, the apparently simple phasor transformation can provide incorrect phasor plots and the results may be misinterpreted. In particular, we show the disagreement in experimental data acquired on the same samples using the two cards (FLIMbox, frequency domain and Becker & Hickl BH 830, time domain) and the effect produced by using the BH 830 card with different settings. This difference in data acquisition translates to the assignment of phasor components calculated using different acquisition parameters. This effect is already present in the original data that are not acquired with the proper parameters for the phasor conversion. We also show that the difference in the resolution of components already exists in the data acquired in the time domain when used with settings that do not allow acquisition of the fluorescence decay on a sufficient large time scale.Research highlightsThis paper is intended to made researchers aware of some simple requirements for the conversion of time‐domain data (typically TCSPC) to phasors. The use of phasors for FLIM analysis has seen a surge of popularity. Since the phasor approach is a fit free method and has a powerful visualization of the data, it appears very simple to use. This paper shows that when the original data in the time domain is not acquired with the proper time range to cover the lifetimes in a sample, the conversion to phasors can produce very erroneous results. These results are appearing more frequently in the literature since many of the manufacturers of FLIM accessories for microscopes are now offering the phasor analysis in their software. Here, we show that the phasor transformation per se cannot correct for the problems with data acquisition and that one is misled to think that the “phasor approach” is a universal fix for the lack of the proper time range for data acquisition.
An electron microscopy three‐dimensional characterization of titania nanotubes
Authors: Andrzejczuk Mariusz , Rasiński Marcin , Roguska Agata , Pisarek Marcin , Lewandowska Malgorzata 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo characterize complex, three‐dimensional nanostructures, modern microscopy techniques are needed, such as electron tomography and focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning. The aim of this study was to apply these two techniques to characterize TiO2 nanotubes in terms of their size, shape, volume, porosity, geometric surface area, and specific surface area (SSA). For these experiments, titania nanotubes were fabricated by means of the electrochemical oxidation of titanium at a voltage of 20 V for 2 hr followed by heat treatment at 450°C for 3 hr to change the amorphous structure into a crystalline anatase structure. The quantitative data obtained from the FIB and electron tomography reconstructions show a high similarity in porosity and some differences in SSA. These might be the result of differences in resolution between the two reconstruction techniques.