bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective analysis of the performance of the RosettaGX® Reveal™ thyroid miRNA and the Afirma Gene Expression Classifiers in a cohort of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules
Authors: Walts Ann E. , Sacks Wendy L. , Wu Howard H. , Randolph Melissa L. , Bose Shikha 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMolecular tests are increasingly used to triage cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules for surgery and/or follow‐up. We retrospectively compared the performance of the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (AGEC) with that of the more recently developed RosettaGX® Reveal™ miRNA Classifier (Reveal) in a cohort of Bethesda III–V thyroid FNAs with surgical follow‐up.DesignEighty‐one samples (54 Bethesda III, 26 Bethesda IV, 1 Bethesda V) with available AGEC (74 AGEC‐SUSP and 7 AGEC‐BENIGN) and surgical pathology results were studied from three academic centers. Reveal was performed in a blinded fashion.ResultsThe final diagnoses were benign/NIFTP (n = 63) and malignant (n = 18). The overall “correct” rate was 64.2% for Reveal and 28.4% for AGEC (P = 1.4e‐6). The specificity of Reveal was 60.3%, compared with 9.5% for AGEC (P = 2.1e‐9). Among the 18 malignant cases, 77.8% and 94.4% were correctly classified as suspicious by Reveal and AGEC, respectively (P = 0.2). In the FLUS and the FN group, the specificity of AGEC was lower than the specificity of Reveal. Whether the 7 NIFTP in our study were considered benign or malignant, specificity and PPV of Reveal were higher than those of AGEC. Reveal also outperformed AGEC in correctly classifying the 26 benign Hürthle lesions studied (P = 7.6e‐5).ConclusionReveal outperformed AGEC in this cohort, whether NIFTP is considered benign or malignant, and in Hürthle lesions. Reveal has the potential to reduce the number of unnecessary resections in patients with indeterminate thyroid cytology. Based on our findings and the practical advantages offered by Reveal methodology, large prospective studies are warranted. Diagn. Cytopathol.
Developmental Maturation of Functional Coupling Between Ventilatory Oscillators in the American Bullfrog
Authors: Trask William M. , Baghdadwala Mufaddal I. , Wilson Richard J. A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMany vital motor behaviors – including locomotion, swallowing, and breathing – appear to be dependent upon the activity of and coordination between multiple endogenously rhythmogenic nuclei, or neural oscillators. Much as the functional development of sensory circuits is shaped during maturation, we hypothesized that coordination of oscillators involved in motor control may likewise be maturation‐dependent, i.e., coupling and coordination between oscillators change over development. We tested this hypothesis using the bullfrog isolated brainstem preparation to study the metamorphic transition of ventilatory motor patterns from early rhythmic buccal (water) ventilation in the tadpole to the mature pattern of rhythmic buccal and lung (air) ventilation in the adult. Spatially distinct oscillators drive buccal and lung bursts in the isolated brainstem; we found these oscillators to be active but functionally uncoupled in the tadpole. Over the course of metamorphosis, the rhythms produced by the buccal and lung oscillators become increasingly tightly coordinated. These changes parallel the progression of structural and behavioral changes in the animal, with adult levels of coupling arising by the metamorphic stage (forelimb eruption). These findings suggest that oscillator coupling undergoes a maturation process similar to the refinement of sensory circuits over development.
Age‐specific and context‐specific responses of the medial extended amygdala in the developing prairie vole
Authors: Hiura Lisa C. , Kelly Aubrey M. , Ophir Alexander G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe social needs of organisms change as they mature. Yet, little is known about the mechanisms that subserve processing social interactions or how these systems develop. The medial extended amygdala (meEA) is comprised of the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTm) and the medial amygdala (MeA). This neural complex holds great promise for understanding how the social brain processes information. We assessed expression of the immediate early gene cFos and the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) at three developmental time‐points (postnatal day [PND] 2, 9, and 21) to determine how developing prairie voles process familial social contact, separation, and reunion. We demonstrate that (1) BSTm cFos responses were sensitive to separation from family units at PND 9 and PND 21, but not at PND 2; (2) MeA cFos responses were sensitive to reunion with the family, but only in PND 21 pups; (3) BSTm TH neurons did not exhibit differential responses to social condition at any age; and (4) MeA TH neurons responded strongly to social contact (remaining with family or following reunion), but only at PND 21. Our results suggest that the sub‐units of the meEA become functionally responsive at different developmental time points, and are differentially activated in response to distinct social contexts. Overall, our results support the notion that interconnected regions of the meEA follow divergent developmental timelines and are sensitive to distinct properties of social contexts.
Patterns of weight control behavior persisting beyond young adulthood: Results from a 15‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Haynos Ann F. , Wall Melanie M. , Chen Chen , Wang Shirley B. , Loth Katie , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveDieting and unhealthy weight control behaviors have been associated with negative outcomes. Most research has examined the prevalence of these behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood. Less is known about whether they persist further into adulthood. We examined patterns of weight control behaviors beyond young adulthood using data from 1,455 males and females participating in Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a 15‐year population‐based, longitudinal study.MethodParticipants completed surveys assessing dieting, high‐frequency dieting (i.e., 5+ times/year), unhealthy weight control (e.g., fasting), and extreme weight control (e.g., vomiting) at each 5‐year assessment (Waves 1–4). Longitudinal logistic regression models tested trends in weight control behaviors across the waves. Likelihood of persisting or discontinuing each behavior from Wave 3 to Wave 4 was examined through cross tabulations.ResultsBetween Waves 3 and 4 in adulthood, dieting increased for both genders (Women: p < .001; Men: p = .004) and high‐frequency dieting (p < .001) and unhealthy weight control behaviors (p = .011) increased for men. For both genders, dieting and unhealthy weight control patterns initiated in prior to young adulthood were more likely to persist than cease in adulthood (ps < .001).DiscussionWeight control behaviors continue to be prevalent in adulthood, and to especially increase among men. Research is needed to understand the consequences of weight control behaviors in different life stages; however, the results suggest that interventions to decrease unhealthy weight management practices may be needed well into adulthood.
Changes Occurring in the Volatile Constituents of Flaxseed Oils (FSOs) Prepared with Diverse Roasting Conditions
Authors: Wei Changqing , Zhou Qi , Han Bo , Chen Zhuo , Liu Wenyu 
Published: October 2018

The roasting process is the most significant factor in forming the final flavor character of FSO. A wide variety of volatile constituents in FSO prepared from flaxseeds that were roasted at different temperatures are evaluated by head‐space solid phase micro‐extraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with GC‐MS. There are 69 volatile constituents that are tentatively identified, and the sensory variance analysis indicates that all of the FSO samples gives comparable intensity values for the “oily” and “herbaceous”aroma descriptors, and the odor profiles of the FSO samples differed significantly with regards to the “roasted” and “almond” aromas (p < 0.05). The principal component analysis (PCA) of the volatiles showed the first principal component (PC‐1) and the second principal component (PC‐2) express 84 and 9% of the volatile component variability in the FSO, respectively, which can clearly differentiate FSOs prepared from different roasting conditions. Additionally, the loadings plot further shows that the RFSO correlated more with three groups of volatile constituents according to the degree of roasting (with the total numbers and numbers of specific compounds between brackets): aldehydes (19:2, (E, E)‐2,4‐pentadienal, (E, E)‐2,4‐heptadienal), ketones (9:3,2‐hexanone, (E)‐3‐octen‐2‐one, 5‐methyl‐2(5H)‐furan‐one), and heterocyclic compounds (11:4, 2,3‐dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2‐ethyl‐furan, 2‐ethyl‐6‐methylpyrazine).Practical Applications: Monitoring of the roasting process is an unavoidable task to obtain the desired volatiles and taste to ensure RFSO quality constant at an industrial level. In general, the most adopted indicator to control the degree of roasting in industry is visual inspection, which may not be accurate for the quality evaluation because RFSO presented the same average color value although they are derived from different roasted degree. Different resources will imply in variable volatile constituents for the same type of flaxseeds. It is therefore known that FSOs produced from different roasting processing may be differentiated by their volatile constituents. The results show that the major volatile constituents can be used as chemical markers to distinguish different processed RFSO by the PCA method.The roasting process contributes the most in forming the final flavor character of flaxseed oils (FSOs). By increasing the roasting temperature, the color of FSOs changed gradually from light yellow (0–40 min) to brown (40 min) and finally to deep‐brown (50 min). A wide variety of volatile compounds in FSOs are evaluated and compared with those of unroasted FSO by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and sensory variance. The sensory variance analysis indicates that the odor profiles of FSO samples differed significantly with regards to the “roasted” and “almond” aromas (p < 0.05). PCA analysis can clearly differentiate FSOs prepared from different roasting conditions.
A large‐scale spatio‐temporal binomial regression model for estimating seroprevalence trends
Authors: Self Stella C. Watson , McMahan Christopher S. , Brown Derek A. , Lund Robert B. , Gettings Jenna R. , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper develops a large‐scale Bayesian spatio‐temporal binomial regression model to investigate regional trends in antibody prevalence toBorrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. Our model uses Gaussian predictive processes to estimate the spatially varying trends and a conditional autoregressive scheme to account for spatio‐temporal dependence. A novel framework, easily scalable to large spatio‐temporal data, is developed. The proposed model is used to analyze about 16 millionB. burgdorferiantibody Lyme tests performed on canine samples in the conterminous United States over the sixty‐month period from January 2012 to December 2016. This analysis identifies areas of increasing canine Lyme disease risk; prevalence of infection is getting worse in endemic regions and increases are also seen in non‐endemic regions. Because Lyme disease is zoonotic, affecting both humans and dogs, the analysis also serves to pinpoint areas of increasing human risk.
Food addiction and preoperative weight loss achievement in patients seeking bariatric surgery
Authors: Guerrero Pérez Fernando , Sánchez‐González Jéssica , Sánchez Isabel , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Granero Roser , Simó‐Servat Andreu , Ruiz Ana , Virgili Nuria , López‐Urdiales Rafael , Montserrat‐Gil de Bernabe Mónica , Garrido Pilar , Monseny Rosa , García‐Ruiz‐de‐Gordejuela Amador , Pujol‐Gebelli Jordi , Monasterio Carmen , Salord Neus , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Carlson Lily , Menchón José M. , Vilarrasa Nuria , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionEvidence suggests that food addiction (FA) is prevalent among individuals with obesity seeking bariatric surgery (BS), but there is no evidence about whether FA is a predictor of weight loss (WL). We aimed to analyse the prevalence of FA in patients with obesity seeking BS and to examine whether FA could predict WL following dietary intervention before surgery.MethodThe study included 110 patients with obesity who underwent a dietetic intervention. Assessment included endocrinological variables, a semistructured interview to rule out mental disorders, and Yale Food Addiction Scale version 2.0 (YFAS 2.0).ResultsIn our sample, the prevalence of FA was 26.4%. Those who met YFAS 2.0 criteria showed less WL after dietetic intervention and regain weight during dietary intervention.ConclusionsFA appears to be prevalent in obesity. Our findings confirmed a lower WL throughout dietary intervention before surgery in patients who fulfilled baseline criteria for FA. Future interventions should include multidisciplinary intervention to maximize WL before and after BS.
Attention and foresight in organizations
Authors: Schoemaker Paul J. H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe challenges of dealing with the future include its vast scope, in time and breadth, as well as its deep uncertainty. In an age when organizational attention is increasingly limited, deciding how much to focus on the future is a central leadership challenge. At one extreme, a firm can devote massive efforts to rigorous analyses of trends and uncertainties to narrow the range of possible outcomes; at the other, it can do very little of this, wait to see what happens, and then improvise as needed. A wide range of postures exists between these two extremes, reflecting the complexity of issues involved, the firm's strategy plus the costs and benefits of a focus on the future versus the present.
Is function in instrumental activities of daily living a useful feature in predicting Alzheimer's disease dementia in subjective cognitive decline?
Authors: Roehr Susanne , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Wagner Michael , Fuchs Angela , van der Leeden Carolin , Wiese Birgitt , Werle Jochen , Bickel Horst , König Hans‐Helmut , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Pentzek Michael , Weeg Dagmar , Mamone Silke , Weyerer Siegfried , Brettschneider Christian , Maier Wolfgang , Scherer Martin , Jessen Frank , Luck Tobias 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveSubjective cognitive decline (SCD), the earliest symptom in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), is insufficient to identify individuals at risk for AD dementia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether function in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) contributes to identification.MethodsWe analysed data of cognitively unimpaired participants of the prospective German Study on Ageing, Cognition, and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe) and its extension, the Study on Needs, Health Service Use, Costs and Health‐related Quality of Life in a Large Sample of Oldest‐old Primary Care Patients (AgeQualiDe), collected over 10.5 years. Development of AD dementia was quantified as incidence rates (IRs) per 1000 person‐years. Cox regression was used to assess the association of SCD and IADL function in regard to incident AD dementia.ResultsOf 1467 included individuals, 792 (54.0%) reported SCD at baseline. Impaired IADL were present in 50 (3.4%) individuals. IR for AD dementia was highest in individuals with SCD and impaired IADL (49.7; 95% CI, 24.8‐99.3). Unadjusted and adjusted Cox analyses revealed an increased AD dementia risk for individuals with SCD and impaired IADL (uHR = 6.1; 95% CI, 2.9‐13.0; P < 0.001; aHR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1‐5.7; P < 0.05).ConclusionsConsistent with the SCD concept, IADL function was largely well preserved in the majority of individuals with SCD. However, if difficulties in IADL were present, risk for AD dementia was increased. Therefore, screening for IADL impairment could serve as an economically viable indicator to assess AD dementia risk above and beyond SCD.
Water table dynamics in a constructed wetland, Fort McMurray, Alberta
Authors: Spennato Haley M. , Ketcheson Scott J. , Mendoza Carl A. , Carey Sean K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSurface mining in northern Alberta transforms wetlands and forests into open pits, tailings ponds, and overburden. As part of their license to operate, mine operators are required to reclaim this altered landscape to a predisturbance capacity. In 2012, Syncrude Canada Limited constructed one of the first of two reclaimed wetlands, the Sandhill Fen Watershed (SFW), to evaluate wetland reclamation strategies. SFW is a 52‐ha system atop soft‐tailings that includes an inflow/outflow pump system, underdrains, upland hummocks, and a fen lowland. In this study, water table dynamics of the fen lowland were evaluated in the 2 years following commissioning (2014–2015) to assess whether this newly constructed watershed has hydrological conditions that facilitate hydric soils with water table regimes similar to reference systems. Results indicate that the location and hydrophysical properties of placed materials control water table responses to both water management and precipitation. This differential water table response in the SFW lowland drove lateral fluxes between adjacent landforms, suggesting periods of intermittent water supply from uplands to wetlands along hummock margins. As in natural systems, the lowland fen exhibited several lateral flow reversals over the 2 years depending upon water level. Water tables on‐average were greater than those observed in natural analogues. Comparison during these first 2 years following commissioning contribute to the increasing insight as to how construction and management practices support reclamation postmining.
Tail dependence networks of global stock markets
Authors: Wen Fenghua , Yang Xin , Zhou Wei‐Xing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Pearson correlation coefficient is used by many researchers to construct complex financial networks. However, it is difficult to capture the structural characteristics of financial markets that have extreme fluctuations. To solve this problem, we resort to tail dependence networks. We first build the edge information of the stock network by adopting Pearson's correlation coefficient and the symmetrized Joe–Clayton copula model, respectively. By using the planar maximally filtered graph method, we filter the edge information, obtain Pearson's correlation coefficient and tail dependence network, and compare their efficiencies. The community structure of the constructed networks is investigated. We find that the global efficiency of tail‐dependent networks is higher than that of the Pearson correlation networks. Further analysis of the nodes in the upper‐ and lower‐tail dependence networks reveals that the European markets are more influential than Asian and African markets during a booming market and a recession market. In addition, different cliques are found in the two tail dependence networks. The finding indicates that financial risks will impact geographically adjacent markets.
Bone Marrow Cells Inhibit BMP-2-Induced Osteoblast Activity in the Marrow Environment
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thi , Ono Mitsuaki , Oida Yasutaka , Hara Emilio Satoshi , Komori Taishi , Akiyama Kentaro , Nguyen Ha Thi Thu , Aung Kyaw Thu , Pham Hai Thanh , Tosa Ikue , Takarada Takeshi , Matsuo Koichi , Mizoguchi Toshihide , Oohashi Toshitaka , Kuboki Takuo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is widely known as a potent growth factor that promotes bone formation. However, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated side effects of BMP-2 therapy. A deeper understanding of the effect of BMP-2 on cells other than those involved directly in bone remodeling is of fundamental importance to promote a more effective delivery of BMP-2 to patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BMP-2 in the marrow environment. First, BMP-2 adsorbed onto titanium implants was delivered at the tooth extraction socket (marrow-absent site) or in the mandible marrow of beagle dogs. BMP-2 could induce marked bone formation around the implant at the tooth extraction socket. Surprisingly, however, no bone formation was observed in the BMP-2-coated titanium implants inserted in the mandible marrow. In C57BL/6 mice, BMP-2 adsorbed in freeze-dried collagen pellets could induce bone formation in marrow-absent calvarial bone. However, similar to the canine model, BMP-2 could not induce bone formation in the femur marrow. Analysis of osteoblast differentiation using Col1a1(2.3)-GFP transgenic mice revealed a scarce number of osteoblasts in BMP-2-treated femurs, whereas in the control group, osteoblasts were abundant. Ablation of femur marrow recovered the BMP-2 ability to induce bone formation. In vitro experiments analyzing luciferase activity of C2C12 cells with the BMP-responsive element and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts further revealed that bone marrow cells inhibit the BMP-2 effect on osteoblasts by direct cell–cell contact. Collectively, these results showed that the effect of BMP-2 in inducing bone formation is remarkably repressed by marrow cells via direct cell–cell contact with osteoblasts; this opens new perspectives on the clarification of the side-effects associated with BMP-2 application. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
High Incidence of Cranial Synostosis and Chiari I Malformation in Children With X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets (XLHR)
Authors: Rothenbuhler Anya , Fadel Nathalie , Debza Yahya , Bacchetta Justine , Diallo Mamadou Tidiane , Adamsbaum Catherine , Linglart Agnès , Di Rocco Federico 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR) represents the most common form of genetic hypophosphatemia and causes rickets and osteomalacia in children because of increased FGF23 secretion and renal phosphate wasting. Even though cranial vault and craniovertebral anomalies of potential neurosurgical interest, namely early closure of the cranial sutures and Chiari type I malformation, have been observed in children with XLHR, their actual incidence and characteristics are not established. The aims of this study were to analyze the incidence of cranial and cervico-occipital junction (COJ) anomalies in children with XLHR and describe its features. This is a retrospective study of CT scans of the head and skull in 44 XLHR children followed at the French Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism. Forty-four children with XLHR, 15 boys and 29 girls, aged 8.7 ± 3.9 years at time of CT scan, were studied. We found that 59% of XLHR children had a complete or partial fusion of the sagittal suture and 25% of XLHR children showed protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils. A history of dental abscesses was associated with craniosynostosis, and craniosynostosis was associated with abnormal descent of cerebellar tonsils. Only 2 patients showed neurologic symptoms. Four of 44 patients (9%) required neurosurgery. This study highlights that sagittal suture fusion and Chiari type I malformation are frequent complications of XLHR. The incidence of sagittal synostosis in XLHR is actually extremely high and was probably underestimated so far. Chiari type I malformation is also frequent. Because diagnosis of craniovertebral anomalies can be underestimated on a purely clinical basis, radiological studies should be considered in XLHR children if a proper diagnosis is warranted. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.