bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhizosphere Microbiome And Its Beneficial Effects On Plants – Current Knowledge And Perspectives
Authors: Woźniak Małgorzata , Gałązka Anna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The root system of a plant works like a factory that produces a huge amount of chemicals to communicate effectively with the microorganisms around it. At the same time, micro-organisms can use these compounds as an energy source. The variety of microorganisms associated with plant roots is enormous, amounting to tens of thousands of species. This complex microbial community, also called the second plant genome, is essential for plant health and productivity. Over the last few years, there has been significant progress in research into the structure and dynamics of the microbial sphere of the rhizosphere. It has been proven that plants shape the composition of microorganisms by synthesizing root secretions. On the other hand, microorganisms play a key role in the functioning of plants through their positive impact on their growth and development. In general, rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth directly by providing plants with minerals such as nitrogen and phosphorus and by synthesizing growth regulators, as well as indirectly, by inhibiting the development of various plant pathogens.
1. Introduction. 2. Functions of rhizosphere microorganisms. 3. Microorganisms increasing the availability of minerals. 4. Microorganisms synthesizing plant growth regulators. 5. Biological plant protection. 6. Summary
Array of prediction tools for understanding extent of wall effects on DBP formation in drinking water distribution systems
Authors: Poleneni Sandhya Rao , Inniss Enos C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Stage 2 Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) regulations of the United States force water utilities to be more concerned with their distributed water quality. Improved compliance requires understanding of reaction kinetics and wall effects of different distribution materials used on DBP formation. To validate results in a full-scale system, effect of different materials, wall effects, bulk reactions, and water movement is analyzed using simulated distribution system (SDS) tests, material specific simulated distribution system (MS-SDS) tests, pipe loop, and pipe section reactor (PSR); all built using materials from the city of Columbia, Missouri's distribution system. On average, the choice of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and ductile iron can account for as much as 36% difference in trihalomethane (TTHM) formation and 60% difference in chlorine residual decay over time irrespective of the prediction model and operational strategy used. In the case of ductile iron, pipe effect (PE) is <1, which shows that in the ductile iron pipe systems there is a net loss of TTHM yield due to non-TTHM forming chlorine demand imposed by the pipe environment, whereas in PVC pipe, PE is >1. In PVC systems there is an overall increase in TTHM formation as a result of pipe wall surface reactions.
Application of hybrid coagulation–ultrafiltration for decentralized drinking water treatment: impact on flux, water quality and costs
Authors: Arhin S. G. , Banadda N. , Komakech A. J. , Pronk W. , Marks S. J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Decentralized membrane-based water treatment represents an attractive and viable approach to safe water supply in low-income areas, but its widespread adoption requires cost-effective antifouling strategies. Although the antifouling mechanisms of Al-based coagulants have been widely investigated, there is little data about their impact on costs and treatment efficiency for decentralized membrane-based systems. In this study, a comparative assessment of two decentralized ultrafiltration (UF) units with and without polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of coagulation on the fouling, water quality, and costs nexus. The results showed that PACl suppressed both total fouling and hydraulically irreversible fouling. A matched-pair analysis also revealed that PACl improved the permeate quality by enhancing the removal of particulates and dissolved organics. Compared with the conventional UF system, the hybrid coagulation–UF system contributed to a 21% increase in the flux rate, allowing for a 27% reduction in membrane area and thus, providing cost benefits in terms of both capital and operating costs. These results suggest that PACl coagulation is potentially a cost-effective antifouling method for decentralized membrane-based water systems.
Amiloride Alleviates Neurological Deficits Following Transient Global Ischemia and Engagement of Central IL-6 and TNF-α Signal
Authors: Pang Li , Ji Shouqin , Xing Jihong 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Central pro-inflammatory cytokine (PIC) signal is involved in
neurological deficits after transient global ischemia induced by cardiac arrest (CA). The
present study was to examine if blocking acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) using
amiloride in the Central Nervous System can alleviate neurological deficits after the
induction of CA and further examine the participation of PIC signal in the hippocampus
for the effects of amiloride.

Methods:
CA was induced by asphyxia and then cardiopulmonary resuscitation was
performed in rats. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to determine the protein
expression of ASIC subunit ASIC1 in the hippocampus, and the levels of PICs. As
noted, it is unlikely that this procedure is clinically used although amiloride and other
pharmacological agents were given into the brain in this study.

Results:
CA increased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of rats in comparison with control
animals. This was associated with the increase in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α together with
Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. The administration of amiloride into the lateral ventricle
attenuated the upregulation of Caspase-3/Caspase-9 and this further alleviated
neurological severity score and brain edema. Inhibition of central IL-6 and TNF-α also
decreased ASIC1 in the hippocampus of CA rats.

Conclusion:
Transient global ischemia induced by CA amplifies ASIC1a in the
hippocampus likely via PIC signal. Amiloride administered into the Central Nervous
System plays a neuroprotective role in the process of global ischemia. Thus, targeting
ASICs (i.e., ASIC1a) is suggested for the treatment and improvement of CA-evoked
global cerebral ischemia.
Zinc-mediated Neurotransmission in Alzheimer's Disease: A Potential Role of the GPR39 in Dementia
Authors: Rychlik Michal , Mlyniec Katarzyna 
Published: July 2019

:
With more people reaching an advanced age in modern society, there is a growing need
for strategies to slow down age-related neuropathology and loss of cognitive functions, which are a
hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroprotective drugs and candidate drug compounds target one
or more processes involved in the neurodegenerative cascade, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative
stress, misfolded protein aggregation and/or ion dyshomeostasis. A growing body of research shows
that a G-protein coupled zinc (Zn2+) receptor (GPR39) can modulate the abovementioned processes.

:
Zn2+itself has a diverse activity profile at the synapse, and by binding to numerous receptors, it
plays an important role in neurotransmission. However, Zn2+ is also necessary for the formation of
toxic oligomeric forms of amyloid beta, which underlie the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore,
the binding of Zn2+ by amyloid beta causes a disruption of zincergic signaling, and recent
studies point to GPR39 and its intracellular targets being affected by amyloid pathology.

:
In this review, we present neurobiological findings related to Zn2+ and GPR39, focusing on its signaling
pathways, neural plasticity, interactions with other neurotransmission systems, as well as on
the effects of pathophysiological changes observed in Alzheimer's disease on GPR39 function.

:
Direct targeting of the GPR39 might be a promising strategy for the pharmacotherapy of zincergic
dyshomeostasis observed in Alzheimer’s disease. The information presented in this article will
hopefully fuel further research into the role of GPR39 in neurodegeneration and help in identifying
novel therapeutic targets for dementia.
Recommended Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables Increases the Intake of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Brazilian Adults
Authors: Locateli Gelvani , Peralta Rosane Marina , Koehnlein Eloá Angélica 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is associated with reduced
risks of various diseases, especially due to their nutrient, fiber, and bioactive compound content.
Polyphenols are included in this last class. In Brazil, as in several other regions of the world,
consumption of FV is low. Data on the importance of the recommended intake of FV for the ingestion
of these compounds and subclasses are scarce.

Objective:
To estimate the intake of polyphenols by Brazilian adults and to verify the impact of the
recommended consumption of FV for this intake.

Methods:
Data from 21,959 adults were obtained from the Brazilian Dairy Survey of the Household
Budget Survey (POF 2008-2009). Food intake was estimated from a single food register. Polyphenol
intake was calculated using the Phenol-Explorer database. To evaluate the impact of FV on the consumption
of polyphenols, the population was divided into two groups according to the FV intake as
recommended by the World Health Organization.

Results:
The average consumption of phenolic compounds was 441.04 mg among individuals consuming
less than 400 g of FV daily, and 651.86 mg those consuming equal or more than 400 g daily.
In addition, individuals consuming 400 g or more FV per day consumed approximately 12 times
more phenolic from FV, especially flavonoids and the anthocyanin and flavanone subclasses.

Conclusions:
The high consumption of FV is essential for a higher dietary intake and diversity of
polyphenols and flavonoids compounds by the Brazilian population.
MolOpt: A Web Server for Drug Design using Bioisosteric Transformation
Authors: Shan Jinwen , Ji Changge 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Bioisosteric replacement is widely used in drug design for lead optimization.
However, the identification of a suitable bioisosteric group is not an easy task.

Methods:
In this work, we present MolOpt, a web server for in silico drug design using bioisosteric
transformation. Potential bioisosteric transformation rules were derived from data mining, deep
generative machine learning and similarity comparison. MolOpt tries to assist the medicinal chemist
in his/her search for what to make next.

Results and Discussion:
By replacing molecular substructures with similar chemical groups, MolOpt
automatically generates lists of analogues. MolOpt also evaluates forty important pharmacokinetic
and toxic properties for each newly designed molecule. The transformed analogues can be assessed
for possible future study.

Conclusion:
MolOpt is useful for the identification of suitable lead optimization ideas. The MolOpt
Server is freely available for use on the web at http://xundrug.cn/molopt.
Oral and Intra-nasal Administration of Nanoparticles in the Cerebral Ischemia Treatment in Animal Experiments: Considering its Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Alavian Firoozeh , Shams Nasrin 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has dramatically advanced;
from the precise strategies of synthesizing modern nanostructures to methods of entry into the body.
Using nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug delivery, determining signaling pathways, and tissue
engineering is great hope for the treatment of stroke. The drug-carrying nanoparticles are a way to
increase drug absorption through the mouth or nose in treating the stroke.

Objective:
In this article, in addition to explaining pros and cons of oral and intra-nasal
administration of nanoparticles in the brain ischemia treatment of animal models, the researchers
introduce some articles in this field and briefly mentioned their work outcomes.

Methods:
A number of relevant published articles 183 were initially collected from three popular
databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles not closely related to the
main purpose of the present work were removed from the study process. The present data set finally
included 125 published articles.

Results:
Direct delivery of the drug to the animal brain through the mouth and nose has more
therapeutic effects than systemic delivery of drugs. The strategy of adding drugs to the nanoparticles
complex can potentially improve the direct delivery of drugs to the CNS.

Conclusion:
Despite the limitations of oral and intra-nasal routes, the therapeutic potential of oral
and intra-nasal administration of nano-medicines is high in cerebral ischemia treatment.
Glucosamine Protects Rat Bone Marrow Cells Against Cisplatin-induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Cheki Mohsen , Jafari Salman , Najafi Masoud , Mahmoudzadeh Aziz 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective:
Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the
treatment of osteoarthritis. In the present study, the chemoprotectant ability of glucosamine was evaluated
against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow cells.

Methods:
Glucosamine was orally administrated to rats at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight for seven
consecutive days. On the seventh day, the rats were treated with a single injection of cisplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) at
1h after the last oral administration. The cisplatin antagonistic potential of glucosamine was assessed by micronucleus
assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level analysis, hematological analysis, and flow cytometry.

Results:
Glucosamine administration to cisplatin-treated rats significantly decreased the frequencies of
Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes (MnPCEs) and Micronucleated Normchromatic Erythrocytes
(MnNCEs), and also increased PCE/(PCE+NCE) ratio in bone marrow cells. Furthermore, treatment of rats with
glucosamine before cisplatin significantly inhibited apoptosis, necrosis and ROS generation in bone marrow
cells, and also increased red blood cells count in peripheral blood.

Conclusion:
This study shows glucosamine to be a new effective chemoprotector against cisplatin-induced
DNA damage and apoptosis in rat bone marrow cells. The results of this study may be helpful in reducing the
harmful effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the future.
Associations Between Engagement With an Online Health Community and Changes in Patient Activation and Health Care Utilization: Longitudinal Web-Based Survey
Authors: Costello Ruth E , Anand Amrutha , Jameson Evans Matt , Dixon William G 
Published: July 2019

Background
Participation in online health communities (OHCs) is a popular trend in the United Kingdom. However, so far, no evidence exists to indicate an association between participation in OHCs and improved health outcomes.

Objective
This study aimed to (1) determine changes in patient activation over 3 months in new users of an OHC, (2) describe patterns of engagement with an OHC, (3) examine whether patients’ characteristics at baseline were associated with subsequent patterns of engagement, and (4) determine if patterns of engagement during the 3 months were associated with changes in patient activation, health care utilization, and health status.

Methods
Active new OHC users on HealthUnlocked (HU) were surveyed to measure demographics, levels of patient activation (describing a person’s confidence in managing their own health; scale 0-100 with 4 categories), health care utilization, and health status using a Web-based survey at baseline and 3 months. Patient activation at baseline and 3 months was compared (aim 1). Alongside, for a sample of HU users and survey responders, daily OHC website usage data were automatically captured. This was used to identify clusters of engagement with HU (aim 2). For survey responders, baseline characteristics, patient activation, health care utilization, and health status were compared at baseline and 3 months, overall, and between engagement clusters using t tests and chi-square tests (aims 3 and 4).

Results
In 329 people who completed both surveys, baseline activation was most frequently level 3, described as taking action but still lacking confidence. At follow-up, a change of 2.6 points was seen, with the greatest change seen in those at lowest baseline activation levels. In addition, 4 clusters of engagement were identified: low, medium, high, and very high, who were active on HU for a mean of 4, 12, 29, and 59 days, respectively. Survey responders were more commonly high or very high engagers. Baseline activation was highest in low and very high engagers. Overall activation increased over time in all engagement groups. Very high engagers had the greatest improvement in activation (5 points), although the average change was not above what is considered clinically meaningful for any group. Fewer accident and emergency visits were seen at follow-up in those with higher engagement, although this trend was not seen for other health care utilization measures. There was no change in health status at 3 months.

Conclusions
This observational study provides some insight into how patterns of engagement with OHCs are associated with changes in patient activation, health care utilization, and health status. Over 3 months, overall, the change in activation was not clinically significant, and there were some indications that OHCs may be of benefit to particular groups. However, the study limitations prevent firm conclusions about causal relationships.
An Assessment of Property Tax Administration in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Balogun Toju Francis 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe mode of administration of property tax determines its buoyancy. The study utilizes key informant method to examine the mode of operation of Edo State Land Use Charge. The study observes that property tax revenue mobilization in Benin Metropolis is ineffective due to unsystematic tax administration procedure employed by Land Use Charge Department. The study shows that inadequate personnel, public contempt, limited coverage of the tax base and shrouded valuation method are major problems of the Land Use Charge in Benin metropolis. It also reveals that the current property tax administration will not appreciably enhance the internally generated revenue except the mode of operation is reformed. To overcome these challenges it is recommended among others that the implementation of modern and transparent assessment methods for real estate utilizing remote sensing and GIS integrated with computer-assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) be incorporated through a public-involved debate on property tax reform. Modus administrasi pajak properti menentukan daya apung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode informan kunci untuk memeriksa modus operasi dari Edo Negara Penggunaan Tanah Charge. Penelitian ini mengamati bahwa pajak properti mobilisasi pendapatan di Benin Metropolis tidak efektif karena prosedur administrasi perpajakan sistematis dipekerjakan oleh Penggunaan Tanah Mengisi Department. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa personil yang tidak memadai, penghinaan publik, cakupan terbatas basis pajak dan metode penilaian diselimuti masalah utama dari Penggunaan Tanah Mengisi di Benin metropolis. Ia juga mengungkapkan bahwa administrasi pajak properti saat ini tidak akan lumayan meningkatkan pendapatan yang dihasilkan secara internal kecuali modus operasi direformasi. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini dianjurkan antara lain bahwa pelaksanaan metode penilaian modern dan transparan untuk real estate memanfaatkan penginderaan jauh dan GIS terintegrasi dengan komputer-dibantu penilaian massa (CAMA) dimasukkan melalui debat publik-terlibat pada reformasi pajak properti.
Specifications of Cartographic Symbols for Indonesian Tactile Map
Authors: Rahardjo Noorhadi , M Ika Noor Muslihah , Kartika Candra Sari Djati 
Published: July 2019

Visual impairment people require a means of information transfer which different from normal people, it needs to be touched or amplified by audio, including maps that apprise them of the objects and events occurring on Earth. Cartographic Sciences have developed tactile maps that offers touchable symbols for supporting blind and partially sighted people in recognizing the spatial distribution of geographical phenomena and their intercorrelation. Creating an informative tactile maps need a specific design of symbol, ancillary information, and map reproduction that meets the need and the capacity of its users. Unfortunately, there has been no international standardization for these map features that could be used as a foundation to build a standardization for our national tactile map. Therefore, this research adopted and modified the designs of tactile symbols published by the National Mapping Council of Australia, the Guidelines for Design of Tactile Graphics by American Printing House, the use of tactile variables by Vasconcellos, the Specifications of Topographic Elements Mapping by Bakosurtanal, and the application of visual variables of Bertin for cartographic mapping. The resultant symbol designs from the modification were applied to develop the tactile maps of Yogyakarta City on swell paper. Then, through interviews with map users (visually impaired people in the city), we evaluated these symbols from two aspects, comprehension of tactile variables and the types of the tactile maps required.
Designing Listening Tasks For English Students
Authors: Irwan D Darwissyah , Indrasari Nunun 
Published: July 2019

Listening skill is one of important skills in learning English. Therefore, it is considered as difficult skill for the students. Designing tasks for listening skill is also challenging for the teachers. This paper describes possible ways in designing listening tasks for the students. The descriptions include definition, the types of tasks, and the possible ways of designing task for listening skills based on the types of listening performance