bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testimony at court: a randomised controlled trial investigating the art and science of persuading witnesses and victims to attend trial
Authors: Monnington-Taylor Evie , Bowers Kate , Streeter Hurle Pippa , Ward Liz , Ruda Simon , Sweeney Martin , Murray Alex , Whitehouse Jo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The presence of civilian witnesses and victims in court is central to the effective operation of the criminal justice system. However, there is evidence of significant non-attendance which can result in ineffective and cracked trials. To address this, West Midlands Police Witness Care Unit and the Behavioural Insights Team designed an intervention using behavioural insight principles consisting of (1) a new conversation guide for Witness Care Officers (WCOs); (2) a redesigned ‘Warning Letter’ confirming details of the proceedings; and (3) a new reminder call and SMS. The impact of the new approach was evaluated through a randomised controlled trial in which 36 WCOs were randomly assigned to either “business as usual” (control) or treatment. The evaluation used an intention-to-treat design with implementation guided and encouraged at several points. Subgroup analysis was undertaken to explore whether differential effects were seen for domestic violence cases or between those that were victims and witnesses. Results indicated that the treatment approach was directionally positive in all cases, but that the increase in attendance was not statistically significant. This is in line with findings of other similar research in this area.
Identification of Actionable Fusions as an Anti-EGFR Resistance Mechanism Using a Circulating Tumor DNA Assay
Authors: Clifton Katherine , Rich Thereasa A. , Parseghian Christine , Raymond Victoria M. , Dasari Arvind , Pereira Allan Andresson Lima , Willis Jason , Loree Jonathan M. , Bauer Todd M. , Chae Young Kwang , Sherrill Gary , Fanta Paul , Grothey Axel , Hendifar Andrew , Henry David , Mahadevan Daruka , Nezami Mohammad Amin , Tan Benjamin , Wainberg Zev A. , Lanman Richard , Kopetz Scott , Morris Van 
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE Gene fusions are established oncogenic drivers and emerging therapeutic targets in advanced colorectal cancer. This study aimed to detail the frequencies and clinicopathological features of gene fusions in colorectal cancer using a circulating tumor DNA assay. METHODS Circulating tumor DNA samples in patients with advanced colorectal cancer were analyzed at 4,581 unique time points using a validated plasma-based multigene assay that includes assessment of fusions in FGFR2, FGFR3, RET, ALK, NTRK1, and ROS1. Associations between fusions and clinicopathological features were measured using Fisher’s exact test. Relative frequencies of genomic alterations were compared between fusion-present and fusion-absent cases using an unpaired t test. RESULTS Forty-four unique fusions were identified in 40 (1.1%) of the 3,808 patients with circulating tumor DNA detected: RET (n = 6; 36% of all fusions detected), FGFR3 (n = 2; 27%), ALK (n = 10, 23%), NTRK1 (n = 3; 7%), ROS1 (n = 2; 5%), and FGFR2 (n = 1; 2%). Relative to nonfusion variants detected, fusions were more likely to be subclonal (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% CI, 2.94 to 23.00; P < .001). Mutations associated with a previously reported anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapy resistance signature (subclonal RAS and EGFR mutations) were found with fusions in FGFR3 (10 of 12 patients), RET (nine of 16 patients), and ALK (seven of 10 patients). For the 27 patients with available clinical histories, 21 (78%) had EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment before fusion detection. CONCLUSION Diverse and potentially actionable fusions can be detected using a circulating tumor DNA assay in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Distribution of coexisting subclonal mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and NRAS in a subset of the patients with fusion-present colorectal cancer suggests that these fusions may arise as a novel mechanism of resistance to anti-EGFR therapies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
A gene-edited mouse model of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2C for testing exon skipping
Authors: Demonbreun Alexis R. , Wyatt Eugene J. , Fallon Katherine S. , Oosterbaan Claire C. , Page Patrick G. , Hadhazy Michele , Quattrocelli Mattia , Barefield David Y. , McNally Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2C is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the γ-sarcoglycan (SGCG) gene. The most common SGCG mutation is a single nucleotide deletion from a stretch of five thymine residues in SGCG exon 6 (521ΔT). This founder mutation disrupts the transcript reading frame, abolishing protein expression. An antisense oligonucleotide exon-skipping method to reframe the human 521ΔT transcript requires skipping four exons to generate a functional, internally truncated protein. In vivo evaluation of this multi-exon skipping, antisense-mediated therapy requires a genetically appropriate mouse model. The human and mouse γ-sarcoglycan genes are highly homologous in sequence and gene structure, including the exon 6 region harboring the founder mutation. Herein, we describe a new mouse model of this form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy generated using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to introduce a single thymine deletion in murine exon 6, recreating the 521ΔT point mutation in Sgcg. These mice express the 521ΔT transcript, lack γ-sarcoglycan protein and exhibit a severe dystrophic phenotype. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated reduced muscle mass, increased sarcolemmal leak and fragility, and decreased muscle function, consistent with the human pathological findings. Furthermore, we showed that intramuscular administration of a murine-specific multiple exon-directed antisense oligonucleotide cocktail effectively corrected the 521ΔT reading frame. These data demonstrate a molecularly and pathologically suitable model for in vivo testing of a multi-exon skipping strategy to advance preclinical development of this genetic correction approach.
The Current State of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Lee Louise I T , Kanthasamy Senthooran , Ayyalaraju Radha S , Ganatra Rakesh 
Published: October 2019

The last decade has seen a huge surge in interest surrounding artificial intelligence (AI). AI has been around since the 1950s, although technological limitations in the early days meant performance was initially inferior compared to humans. 1 With rapid progression of algorithm design, growth of vast digital datasets and development of powerful computing power, AI now has the capability to outperform humans. Consequently, the integration of AI into the modern world is skyrocketing. This review article will give an overview of the use of AI in the modern world and discuss current and potential uses in healthcare, with a particular focus on its applications and likely impact in medical imaging. We will discuss the consequences and challenges of AI integration into healthcare.
A participação de Octavio Corrêa na Revolta dos 18 do Forte de Copacabana
Authors: Stringuetti Lucas Mateus Vieira de Godoy 
Published: October 2019

Resenha de: LICKS, Afonso. Octavio, o civil entre os 18 do Forte de Copacabana. Porto Alegre: Quattro Projetos, 2016. 144 p.
Revista Maracanan: 20 anos
Authors: Ferreira Tania M. T. Bessone da C. 
Published: October 2019

Apresentação da Edição Especial de 20 anos da Revista Maracanan, periódico científico editado pelos professores do Programa de Pós-graduação em História da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Seu primeiro número foi impresso em 1999; a partir de 2014, passou para o formato eletrônico; e, a partir de 2019, ganhou publicação quadrimestral, com edições em janeiro, maio e setembro. O presente caderno traz o dossiê "As vidas abertas da América Latina: escritas (auto)biográficas", com colaborações de pesquisadores de diversas instituições do Brasil e do exterior.
A expressão escrita como tentativa de assimilação e representação de uma nova cultura nos romances Nove noites, de Bernardo Carvalho e O enteado, de Juan José Saer
Authors: Dos Santos Kelly Viana , Cyntrão Sylvia Helena 
Published: October 2019

A busca de elucidação sobre acontecimentos ligados ao choque cultural vivido por quem decidiu deixar seu ambiente familiar e se aventurar em nova cultura totalmente desconhecida, torna-se objeto de investigação nos romances Nove noites (2002), do brasileiro Bernardo Carvalho e O Enteado (1983), do argentino Juan Jose Saer. Seja por meio da investigação jornalística (Carvalho) ou por meio da restauração de dados da memória (Saer), a expressão escrita se destaca como elemento de arrefecimento do choque cultural vivido, bem como de articulação de uma forma mais adequada de assimilação e de representação de uma nova cultura. Em ambos os casos, o decorrer do tempo e a distância espacial entre os acontecimentos e aqueles que se dispõem a narrá-los se demonstra como fator complicador. Em Bernardo Carvalho, há reivindicação da expressão escrita como fonte de dados para a investigação dos acontecimentos e como auxílio à representação do personagem. Já no romance de Saer, a expressão escrita é ausente no momento dos acontecimentos, porém se faz necessária para completar a sua assimilação, no decorrer do tempo. Essas e outras questões serão analisadas mais detidamente neste estudo comparado, à luz dos conceitos de identidade narrativa e da tríplice mimese de Paul Ricoeur.
Late presentation of spinal cord compression in hereditary multiple exostosis: Case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Gigi R. , Kurian B. T. , Cole A. , Fernandes J. A. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Osteochondromas are usually found in the long bones of patients with hereditary multiple exostoses (HME). The spine is reported to be involved in over 50% of cases, but few of these patients are symptomatic as the result of an existing spinal exostosis. Methods We reviewed the current literature in order to find the right approach to patients with HME-complicated spinal exostosis and describe three paediatric patients that were diagnosed late with spinal cord compression due to cervical exostosis. Results Our three cases were all late presentations with neurology and unfortunately had minimal improvement of neurology after the lesion was surgically removed. There is general agreement that late presentation of spinal cord injury due to osteochondromas involving the cervical spine may cause severe and irreversible neurological sequelae. Our literature review revealed that there are no clear-cut guidelines to develop more comprehensive screening measures for these patients. Conclusions A high index of suspicion is the most important factor for correct diagnosis and appropriate management. Physicians who treat HME should bear in mind that thorough history taking and a neurological examination at follow up are essential for these patients. Clearer guidelines for the development of more comprehensive screening programmes are essential. Level of evidence IV
Comparison of Moseley and Rotterdam straight-line graphs in predicting leg lengths and leg-length discrepancy at maturity
Authors: Shahrestani S. , Makarov M. R. , Jo C.-H. , Birch J. G. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose One method of predicting leg-length discrepancy at maturity is the Moseley straight-line graph. Beumer et al developed an alternative graph, using a more modern Dutch population. The purpose of this study was to compare the prediction accuracy of these two graphs in a cohort of patients treated at our institution using epiphysiodesis. Methods We identified 76 patients treated using epiphysiodesis for leg-length discrepancy who were followed to maturity and had adequate preoperative radiographic assessment for straight-line graph construction. We compared predicted long leg length (after epiphysiodesis), short leg length, and residual leg-length discrepancy to actual outcome for both methods, using both chronological and skeletal ages. Results Both methods were more accurate using skeletal age rather than chronological age. The Rotterdam graph showed modest improved accuracy compared to the Moseley graph in developmental aetiologies and in Hispanic patients. Using a difference of one centimetre in prediction error as clinically relevant (long leg [after epiphysiodesis], short leg, and leg-length discrepancy in each of the 76 patients, 228 predictions), we found comparable predictions in 171, more accurate prediction using the Rotterdam in 32, and using the Moseley in 25 predictions. Conclusions Straight-line graphs provide a generally more accurate prediction of leg lengths at maturity by virtue of multiple preoperative evaluations. The Rotterdam straight-line graph was equal to or superior to the Moseley graph in most patients in this cohort. Use of skeletal age resulted in more accurate predictions than chronological age. Clinicians should remain familiar with the concept and use of the straight-line graph. Level of evidence III, case-control study.
Hacked: Defining the 2016 Presidential Election in the Liberal Media
Authors: Justice Jacob W. , Bricker Brett J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite consensus that Russia’s interference in the 2016 election did not extend to actual hacking of voting technology, Russian efforts to intervene on behalf of the Trump campaign have been defined as “hacking” by elements of the liberal media. This definition is broadly accepted in liberal circles, and there is now a widespread misperception that Russia tampered with voting technology to alter the outcome of the election. In this essay, we trace the emergence of this definition of Russia’s role in the 2016 election and explain the factors that led to its acceptance, arguing that the debate over Russia’s “hacking” illustrates that definitional arguments may operate differently than scholars have previously conceived. Traditional studies of definition emphasize the role of political leaders in crafting salient definitions, adopting a top-down approach. We argue that definitions also emerge from the bottom up, moving from media sources toward institutional centers of power. Our findings both illustrate the dangers of efforts to define Russia’s influence campaign as “hacking” and extend previous scholarship on definitional argument.
Bayesian methods for classification inappropriate web pages
Authors: Rodríguez R Jorge E. , Ortiz Pimiento Jenny Paola 
Published: October 2019

The incursion of the Internet has created new forms of information and communication, but it can also carry great dangers, when its use is related to inappropriate content, such as, access to harmful contents and the rise of new kinds of crimes. In this situation, automatic filtering systems identify improper Internet content. This paper describes the use of an algorithm, to automatically filter out inappropriate Web pages. To accomplish this (automatic filtering) task implementation method TAN (Tree Augmented Naive Bayes) is plasma. Data mining algorithms and computational learning for the extraction process, representation and classification of web pages are implemented.
The INFLUENCE OF JOB INSECURITY , WORK MOTIVATION, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENTS AND WORK SATISFACTION AS INTERVENING VARIABLES TO EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Drs. H. Dasuki. M.Pd Novi Lailatun Nikmah 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to analyze and interpret the effect of job insecurity , work motivation, organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee performance. The population in this study were employees of PT Semar Beton Perkasa in Tuban Regency totaling 7 people . In this study the sampling used a saturated sampling technique . A number of samples equals the total population, which is 7 0 people . For this study data analysis used the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach . The results of the study show that job insecurity , work motivation, organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a significant effect on employee performance
An admissible Hybrid contraction with an Ulam type stability
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Fulga Andreea 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this manuscript, we introduce a new hybrid contraction that unify several nonlinear and linear contractions in the set-up of a complete metric space. We present an example to indicate the genuine of the proved result. In addition, we consider Ulam type stability and well-posedness for this new hybrid contraction.
Optimizing rates and application time of potassium fertilizer for improving growth, grain nutrients content and yield of wheat crop
Authors: Ali Izhar , Khan Asad Ali , Munsif Fazal , He Liang , Khan Aziz , Ullah Saif , Saeed Wajid , Iqbal Anas , Adnan Muhammad , Ligeng Jiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nutrient management is a key component of best agronomic practices for optimal crop production. The continuous use of high yielding genotypes and exhaustive cropping systems has resulted in potassium deficiency. Furthermore, the imbalanced use of nutrients, particularly potassium (K), has resulted in persistent depletion from agricultural soils. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of different potassium levels under a split application on yield and yield attributes of wheat crops. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Five K levels (0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha−1) and different K application timings (whole dose (Basal) at sowing, equal doses at sowing+ 30 DAS, half dose at sowing+ equal doses at 30 +60 DAS and equal doses at sowing+30+60+ 90 DAS). The findings of the study revealed that potassium levels and their application times substantially influenced yield and yield components of wheat. The application of K at 120 kg ha−1 delayed anthesis and maturity and enhanced chlorophyll content (53), tillers m−2 (293.4 m−2) and increased plant height (97.1cm). The application of K 80 kg ha−1 significantly increased grain protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content which resulted in a higher (4227 kg ha−1) grain yield. In the case of K timings application, the higher grain yield (3758 kg ha−1) was achieved when K was applied one time at sowing time. It is concluded that K at the rate of 80 kg ha−1 should be applied in full at sowing for achieving higher wheat production.
Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and management practices for termite pests of maize in Southern Benin
Authors: Loko Laura Estelle Yêyinou , Orobiyi Azize , Toffa Joelle , Fagla Sédami Medegan , Gavoedo Dieudonné Martin , Manuele Tamò 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Termite (Isoptera: Termitidae) infestation is an important constraint of maize production in Benin. A survey of 300 households was conducted in 2018 throughout 30 villages in Southern Benin to evaluate farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and management practices of maize termite pests using focus group discussions and individual interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that for most of the farmers, maize is the most susceptible crop to termite attacks and the maturation developmental stage having the highest termite abundance and damage. A total of 43 different names of maize termite pests corresponding to 8 species were recorded in the study area. Size and colour were the main criteria used by farmers to classify and identify maize termite pests. Amitermes evuncifer was perceived as the most damaging to maize during vegetative and maturation stages, while Macrotermes bellicosus was perceived by famers (32.5%) as most damaging during seedling and flowering maize development stages. Erratic rainfall was perceived by maize producers as the most important factor favouring termite infestation in maize fields. The majority of the local maize is considered by farmers as susceptible to termites. The use of synthetic insecticides was the main method to control termites. Four of the 20 pesticides used by farmers have active ingredients that have been listed as highly hazardous (class Ib) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Farmers training on the danger and impact of misuse of insecticides on the development of termite insecticide resistance was recommended. The development of an integrated termite management strategy is discussed and the future research for its implementation identified.
Minimizing Precision-Weighted Sensory Prediction Errors via Memory Formation and Switching in Motor Adaptation
Authors: Oh Youngmin , Schweighofer Nicolas 
Published: October 2019

Humans predict the sensory consequences of motor commands by learning internal models of the body and of environment perturbations. When facing a sensory prediction error, should we attribute this error to a change in our body, and update the body internal model, or to a change in the environment? In the latter case, should we update an existing perturbation model or create a new model? Here, we propose that a decision-making process compares the models' prediction errors, weighted by their precisions, to select and update either the body model or an existing perturbation model. When no model can predict a perturbation, a new perturbation model is created and selected. When a model is selected, both the prediction's mean estimate and uncertainty are updated to minimize future prediction errors and to increase the precision of the predictions. Results from computer simulations, which we verified in an arm visuomotor adaptation experiment with subjects of both sexes, account for short aftereffects and large savings after adaptation to large, but not small, perturbations. Results also clarify previous data in the absence of errors (error-clamp): motor memories show an initial lack of decay after a large perturbation, but gradual decay after a small perturbation. Finally, qualitative individual differences in adaptation were explained by subjects selecting and updating either the body model or a perturbation model. Our results suggest that motor adaptation belongs to a general class of learning according to which memories are created when no existing memories can predict sensory data accurately and precisely.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen movements are followed by unexpected outcomes, such as following the introduction of a visuomotor or a force field perturbation, or the sudden removal of such perturbations, it is unclear whether the CNS updates existing memories or creates new memories. Here, we propose a novel model of adaptation, and investigate, via computer simulations and behavioral experiments, how the amplitude and schedule of the perturbation, as well as the characteristics of the learner, lead to the selection and update of existing memories or the creation of new memories. Our results provide insights into a number of puzzling and contradictory motor adaptation data, as well as into qualitative individual differences in adaptation.