bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN DAN DESIGN LAYANAN DRIVE THRU PADA USAHA KAFE RUMAH SUSU DI PADANG PANJANG
Authors: Fitrimawati Fitrimawati , Ramaiyulis Ramaiyulis , Putra Aronal Arief 
Published: January 2019

Ilmu dan teknologi untuk masyarakat telah diaplikasikan di Kafe Rumah Susu yang terletak di jalan Kiayi Kamarulloh Kecamatan. Bukik Surungan Kota Padang Panjang. Seiring dengan perkembangan usaha, kafe rumah susu ini mengalami permasalahan dalam merumuskan strategi dalam perkembangan usaha dan peningkatan penjualan. Salah satu solusi yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM). Aplikasi SIM dilakukan bertujuan agar data usaha mitra lengkap dan akurat serta tersedia sepanjang waktu. Solusi untuk peningkatan pemasaran adalah membuat design layananan drive thru sedernana namun menarik. Pesanan dipesan dan layanan diberikan melalui jendela khusus, sementara konsumen tetap berada dalam kendaraan mereka. Metode pelaksanaan program ini adalah dengan metode demonstrasi. Hasil pelaksanaan program adalan aplikasi SIM dengan data usaha mitra lengkap dan akurat serta tersedia sepanjang waktu. SIM dapat menyediakan informasi untuk menunjang proses pengambilan keputusan yang akan diambil manajer, memungkinkan keputusan dapat diambil lebih cepat dan tepat. Pengolahan transaksi dalam SIM memungkinkan manajer dapat dengan mudah mengawasi kekayaan perusahaan, memantau perkembangan usaha dan memberikan laporan kepada stakeholders. Solusi untuk peningkatan pemasaran adalah membuat design layananan drive thru sedernana namun menarik. Pesanan dipesan dan layanan diberikan melalui jendela khusus, sementara konsumen tetap berada dalam kendaraan mereka. Tujuan drive thru adalah memudahkan konsumen yang ingin mendapatkan produk secara cepat tapi enggan turun dari kendaraannya (mobil/motor). Layanan drive thru ini dapat menghemat waktu konsumen untuk menikmati makana fast food. Melalui layanan ini konsumen mampir, dapat lalu pergi dalam waktu 3 menit.
Science versus ‘Science’: Exploring the Life of Benjamin Banneker in the Context of Thomas Jefferson’s Views in Notes on the State of Virginia
Authors: Evans Emma 
Published: January 2019

Despite substantive research being conducted on the interaction between Thomas Jefferson’s views on race and the life of Benjamin Banneker, recent interpretations of Jefferson’s influence on constructing modern American racism suggest this relationship should be re-examined. New understandings of Jefferson interpret him as a key instigator of a modern American racism, as he was a leader of his time who distinctly incorporated claims of science in the justification for racial inferiority. This new analysis of Jefferson’s influence suggests a new interpretation of his interaction with Benjamin Banneker should occur, as the approach taken when comparing the two men has been one which represented Jefferson as a symbol for the common southern American slave owner. With new research challenging this view, new studies into Banneker should follow suit. This paper seeks to build upon the work of Jordan Winthrop, Robert Pierce Forbes, Bruno Carvalho, LaGarrett King, and Angela G Ray and conducts this reassessment of the dynamic between Banneker and Jefferson with new research included to evaluate Banneker’s significance on discussion of race accordingly. This paper argues that comparing Banneker to Jefferson in this novel context heightens Banneker’s significance, as he becomes one of the first African Americans to challenge this new racism and hence sets critical precedents for addressing similar rhetoric. Banneker’s role transforms from one of many individuals who challenged slavery into a man who framed a template for social action against racist dogma guised by science.
The United States and Sputnik: A Reassessment of Dwight D. Eisenhower's Presidential Legacy
Authors: Bologna Matthew Joseph 
Published: January 2019

Dwight D. Eisenhower's legacy as President of the United States from 1953 to 1961 has experienced a dramatic reversal in scholarly assessment. Previously denounced as a "do-nothing" president whose ignorance and complacency tarnished the prestige of the executive office, the declassification of National Security Archives, the publication of Eisenhower's memoirs, and the memoirs of those closest to the president has contributed to a shift in Eisenhower's reputation from animosity to admiration. Scholars now praise Eisenhower for his modesty, wisdom, and resourcefulness. This paper contributes to the ongoing historiographical revaluation of Eisenhower's presidential legacy by examining his handling of an overlooked episode of American history - the Sputnik Crisis of 1957. Upon receiving word of the successful launch of the Soviet satellite in October 1957, Eisenhower surrounded himself with scientists, academics, and engineers to formulate the most appropriate policy responses to Sputnik, and to refute Congressional calls for increased military spending. As such, Eisenhower accelerated the American satellite program, established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), reorganized the Department of Defense to eliminate inter-service rivalry, and provided for moderate infusions of federal funding into post-secondary education via the National Defense Education Act. Indeed, Eisenhower's strategic handling of the Sputnik Crisis cements Eisenhower's reputation as an effective, proactive, and overall effective president.
What Factors Influence Companies’ Successful Implementations of Technology Risk Management Systems?
Authors: E Fulford James 
Published: January 2019

During the initial literature review on this research question, areas of focus included the following:
•	Current qualitative and quantitative methodologies for technology risk analysis.
•	Business applications for expanding the use of qualitative and quantitative technology and security risk models.
•	Implementation of qualitative and quantitative technology and security risk analysis methodologies models by practitioners.
Information Technology (IT) risk analysis has become be an integral part of the enterprise risk management systems in many organizations. However, many companies have struggled to effectively implement these systems. This has become a serious problem in many cases where governmental regulations, industry requirements, and even contractual language for doing business have increasingly included technology risk management obligations that companies must meet. Currently, technology risk management is not as mature a field as those like IT Audit or Information Security, which have had professional certification processes for over 23 years. Technology risk management, on the other hand, has had similar certifications for less than 10 years. As such, many of the current technology risk management practitioners have come from other fields, which has made it difficult to construct a common body of knowledge on which technology risk management systems can be built. In many cases, such factors, as well as others, are making it difficult to implement technology risk management systems. This research will seek to evaluate those factors in more detail to determine common ones that have the most impact on the success of technology risk management projects and make recommendations for overcoming the factors that limit the success of these projects.
Diyabetik retinopatili gözlerde katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya deksametazon verilmesinin makula ödemi üzerine etkisi
Authors: OĞUREL Tevfik , ÖRNEK Kemal , OĞUREL Reyhan , ONARAN Zafer 
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Diyabetik retinopati (DR)’li
hastalarda katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya verilen deksametazonun maküla
ödemi (MÖ) üzerine muhtemel etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç
ve Yöntem:
Çalışmaya DR’li ve makula ödemi olan 28 katarakt hastası dahil edildi. Bütün
hastalara katarakt operasyonu öncesinde en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinlikleri (EDGK),
biyomikroskopik ön segment değerlendirmesi, Goldmann üç aynalı lensi ile fundus
muayeneleri ve Goldmann aplanasyon tonometresi ile göz içi basınç (GİB)
ölçümlerinden oluşan oftalmolojik muayenenin ardından, maküla ödeminin
değerlendirilmesi amacıyla fundus floresein anjiyografi (FFA) çekildi. Katarakt
operasyonunun sonunda hastalara kesi yerinden 0,1 cc deksametazon verildi.
Hastalar birinci ay sonunda EDGK, GİB ve FFA ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaşları 52-87 arasında
değişen ve diyabetik makula ödemi (DMÖ) olan 18 (%64,3) kadın ile 10 (%35,7)
erkek hastanın 31 gözü dahil edildi. Hastaların tamamında tip 2 diyabet mevcuttu.
Olguların ortalama yaşı 65,25±8,57 olup
gözlerden 16 (%25,8)’ sında diffüz, 8 (%25,8)’ inde kistoid, 7 (%22,6)’ sinde
hem diffüz hem de kistoid makula ödemi (KMÖ) mevcuttu. 19
(%61,3) hastada postoperatif makula
ödeminde herhangi bir değişiklik gözlenmezken 12 (%38,7) hastada maküler ödemde
azalma söz konusuydu (p=0,201). Operasyon öncesi en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği
0,10±0,11 olup, operasyon sonrası 1.ay görme keskinliği 0,2±0,22
düzeylerindeydi. Bu artış istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p˂0.001).

Sonuç:
DMÖ ve kataraktı
olan gözlerde, katarakt ameliyatı sonunda ön kamaraya deksametazon
uygulamasının, cerrahi işlemin MÖ üzerine olan olumsuz etkisini azalttığı
görülmektedir.
Comparative Study of Banking Industry Based on Appraisal System, Rewards and Employee Performance
Authors: Ahmad Dr. Ishfaq , Danish Dr. Rizwan Qaisar , Ali Syed Adnan , Ali Hafiz Fawad , Humayon Dr. Asad Afzal 
Published: January 2019

Purpose- This study was aimed to throw light on the appraisal and reward system, and its effects on job satisfaction and employee performance in the banking sector of Pakistan.
Design/Methodology- The research was based on primary data collected from the two major cities of Pakistan, Lahore and Kasur. A total of 250 structured questionnaires were rotated to Islamic and conventional banks in different parts of both cities. Out of these 222 questionnaires were returned and were in usable form. The data so collected was analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). statistical techniques such as regression analysis, correlation analysis, descriptive analysis and t-test were used.
Findings- The results of the study revealed that appraisal was negatively correlated while the reward system was positively correlated to employee performance.
Practical implications- This research will help banks in reviewing their policies to make optimum use of their employees to meet certain goals of the bank. This research reveals that the appraisal system of the bank is affecting negatively on employees performance. This study will help in developing criteria which will help managers to appraise the employees in an effective way.
What Determines Bond Market Development? New Theoretical Insights
Authors: Aman Ameenullah , Naim Asmadi Mohamed , Isa Mohamad Yazid 
Published: January 2019

Purpose- To diversify financing portfolio and reduce the reliance on the banking system, developing economies have realized the importance of bond market development. Bond markets facilitate economies to be more resilient towards the events of financial crises. Therefore, the share of the bond market in the financial system of the Asian economies has remarkably increased in the last decade. However, the academic literature on the bond market is very limited as compared to bank and equity markets. This was mainly because of the unavailability of vast data due to the absence of secondary markets for bonds in most of the economies. To fill this gap, this conceptual study postulates the theoretical relationships of bond market with various macroeconomic and financial factors. The study also assumes some new dimensions for bond financing and opens discussion for scholarly literature and empirical justifications.
Design/Methodology- Content analysis approach is used to review relevant literature for the possible associations of the bond market with macroeconomic and financial factors.
Practical Implications- The theoretical relationships discussed in the paper need empirical testing in future research to conclude policy implications. If the relationship between foreign capital and bond securities is established with empirical justification, we draw the policy that concerned authorities need to create a suitable environment for the attraction of foreign capital to provide support to the development of domestic debt market.
Evaluation Serum Copper Levels in Preeclampsia and Healthy Pregnant Women
Authors: Baral Nilima , Haque Rezwana , Mishu Farzana Akonjee 
Published: January 2019

Background: Preeclampsia is a fatal medical disorder of pregnancy. It has been associated with adverse course and outcome of the pregnancy resulting in increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. As the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not completely understood, prevention remains a complex issue. In recent times, there has been an increasing prevalence in the incidence of preeclampsia globally. The aim of this study is to determine the states of the copper in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, from July 2013 to June 2014. The subjects were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria by purposive method. This study included 73 patients with preeclampsia as case (Gr.I) classified into two subgroups according to the gestational age: Gr.I(a); preeclampsia in the second trimester (n = 35), and Gr.I(b); preeclampsia in the third trimester (n = 38). Copper levels were analyzed and results were compared with 73 apparently healthy pregnant control (Gr.II), and the corresponding gestational age subgroups [Gr.II(a); normal pregnancy of second trimester (n = 35) and Gr.II(b), normal pregnancy of third trimester (n = 38)].
Results: The mean serum copper level was significantly (p<0.001) lower in case group than that of control group. Similar extent of reduction was observed in serum copper level at different gestational age groups of preeclamptic women when compared with corresponding control groups.
Conclusion: Estimation of serum copper level should be incorporated in pre eclamptic patients for prevention of complications.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 18-22
Role of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Compared to 17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone in the Management of Threatened Abortion: Experience in a Military Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Khanum Shakila , Ahmed Jamal Uddin 
Published: January 2019

Background: Threatened abortion is the most common complication in the first half of gestation. Spontaneous abortion occurs in less than 30% of the women who experience threatened abortion. In order to prevent pregnancy loss several supportive therapies including hormonal therapy like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (progesterone) have been advocated. The exogenous administration of hCG is aimed at stimulating and therefore optimizing progesterone production. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of supportive therapy with hCG and progesterone in women with threatened abortion.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Combined Military hospital (CMH), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. One hundred pregnant patients admitted with the history of per vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks of gestation without having any other co-morbidity were included in this study. Patients were randomized to two treatment groups. The participants in group A (52, 52%) received injection hCG weekly while those in group B (48, 48%) received injection progesterone from recruitment up until 20 weeks of gestation. Further USG were performed one week and four weeks after recruitment to the study and again at 20 weeks and subsequently when indicated. The final outcome of pregnancy were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Among 100 patients majority belonged to the 26-30 year age group. Mean age of the patients was 27.2±10.5 years. There was not much significant difference between the groups in terms of parity. More than 75% of patients in both the groups presented before 16 weeks of gestation with threatened abortion. In both the groups more than 75% of the patients had previous history of pregnancy loss. In terms of pregnancy outcome more patients in hCG group had live pregnancy than progesterone group (88.5% vs 66.7%) (p=0.012). Out of 46 live birth in hCG group, 4 (7.7%) were preterm labor between 31-35 weeks of pregnancy and one baby died in neonatal ICU, one died at 31 weeks of gestation which was delivered by vaginally. On the other hand out of 32 live birth in progesterone group, there was 3 (6.3%) preterm labor. Growth retardation was less in hCG group compared to progesterone group (9.6% vs 14.6%). However cesarean section rate was high in both the groups.
Conclusion: Treatment with injection hCG has better pregnancy outcome than that of injection17-alphahydroxyprogesterone in early pregnancy with threatened abortion of unexplained cause.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 7-10
Spectrum of Diseases among Patients Attending a Breast Clinic at a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Narmeen Tamanna , Pervez MM Masud 
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast problems are a burning health issue for today’s women. Breast clinics provide a competent and complete diagnosis for women with any breast symptoms or problems and give appropriate management of the problem. The aim of this study is to determine the disease spectrum among the patients visiting a breast clinic for assistance.
Methods: This was a cross section study of all female patients visiting a breast clinic with breast problems. The study was conducted at BIRDEM General Hospital-2 over a period of 3 years from March 2015 till March 2018. Patients suffering from superficial skin lesions of the breast were excluded. The findings were tabulated and analyzed for frequency of each problem.
Results: A total of 1279 patients visited the breast clinic during the period of March 2015 till March 2018. Among them 1204 patients were selected after considering eligibility criteria. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 80 years. Ten percent of these patients were asymptomatic and attended the clinic for breast screening. Among the symptomatic patients mastalgia was the most common presentation (36.65%) followed by fibrocystic disease (22.26%). Benign Breast lump was seen in 14.96% patients. Ten percent patients presented with breast abscess. Nipple discharge and ductal ectasia was seen in 2.66% patients. Breast cancer was found in 2.33% patients. Other rare entities like milk fistula, giant fibroadenoma were also noted.
Conclusion: Breast clinincs provide comprehensive assistance to both benign and malignant breast diseases. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in females. Breast screening ensures early detection of breast cancer. Besides malignant disease benign breast diseases also cause much morbidity to female health. This study shows the spectrum of patients coming with breast complaints to such a breast clinic.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 11-13
Frequency of Burnout Syndrome in an Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Debasish Kumar , Razzak Muhammad Abdur , Saha Madhurima , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Nazneen Suraiya , Sultana Rozina 
Published: January 2019

Background: Burnout syndrome is a psychological term resulting from prolonged exposure to job stressors. It is a very common problem among health professionals especially intensive care unit (ICU) staffs (physicians, nurses, ward-attendant), as ICUs are characterized by a high level of work related stress. The consequences associated with professional burnout affect both the healthcare professionals and recipients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done over the period of four months (April to July, 2017) in the department of Critical Care Medicine, of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka. Total 93 ICU staffs were included as study population. After taking informed written consent, the participants were given a structured questionnaire consisting of 2 parts. Part 1 addressed demographic information including gender, age, credentials, employment status, years in practice, work schedule, hours worked per week, smoking and alcohol habit, involvement in teaching and research works. Part 2 of the handout was the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS); an inventory consisting of 22 questions to assess three components of burnout.
Results: Among the 93 study participants 39.8% were physicians, 47.3% were nurses and 12.9% were wardattendants) were included in this study. Majority (52.7%) of the responders were found in the age group 20-29 year and 58.1% were married. Majority (58.1%) had a working experience of 1-5 year in ICU, where 61.3% staff had 20-25 working days/month. Regarding duty schedule, 84.9% staff were doing shifting duty, 83.9% had 6-10 working night shifts/month. Most (62.4%) were involved in 1-5 patients’ care during their duty time. Among all responders, 17.2% had habit of smoking and 4.3% had alcohol intake habit. 56.7% physicians were involved in research works, and 41.9% of total physicians and nurses were involved in teaching activities. Mostly (97.8% of all staff) followed the ICU guidelines. Regarding burnout scale, 50.5% of the staff had been suffering from moderate emotional exhaustion (EE), 46.2% of high EE. Majority (38.7%) had been suffering from low depersonalization (DP), 32.3% were in high DP and 29.0% were in moderate DP; 81.7% scored high on the personal accomplishment (PA) subscale.
Conclusion: This study results suggest that majority of ICU staff are affected by some level of burnout syndrome.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 30-34
Risk Estimation of Aortic Stiffness in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: Razzak Muhammad Abdur , Saha Debasish Kumar , Jalil Muhammad Ehsan , Miah Mohammad Omar Faruque , Hai Abu Noim Md Abdul , Latif Abdul , Amin Md Rasul , Ahammod Tofael , Fatima Kaniz , Saha Shudhanshu Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Background: The stiffness of the large elastic arteries increase the morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the risk of aortic stiffness among end stage renal disease patients on maintenance haemodialysis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Nephrology at National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka and National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Hospital (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2013 to December 2014 for a period of two years. Chronic kidney disease in stage 5 [CKD-5(D)] patients older than 18 years on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) for more than 3 months were designated as case group and age and sex matched non CKD patients were considered as control group. Serum calcium, serum albumin, serum phosphate and iPTH were estimated by semi-automated biochemistry analyzer from the Department of Biochemistry of NIKDU, Dhaka and NICVD, Dhaka. Plain Xray abdomen in lateral view was performed for all patients.
Result: A total number of 100 patients were enrolled for this study of which 50 patients were in end stage renal disease (ESRD) group and the rest 50 patients were in non-CKD group. Mean (±SD) aortic stiffness index was significantly higher (P<0.001) among ESRD population (3.27±1.70) compared to non CKD group of population (2.00±0.73). Mean (±SD) serum calcium (corrected) level was significantly high (P<0.001) in ESRD patients (9.79±0.87) compared to non CKD group of population (9.13±0.70). Mean (±SD) serum phosphate level was significantly higher (P<0.001) in ESRD patients (5.71±0.96) compared to non CKD group of population (4.20±0.59). However, mean (±SD) iPTH level showed no significant difference between ESRD (25.33±51.98) and non CKD group of population (38.53±19.52).
Conclusion: In conclusion, aortic stiffness is significantly higher among ESRD subjects.
Birdem Med J 2019; 9(1): 59-62