bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithologic, Climatic and Depth Controls on Critical Zone Transformations
Authors: Tian Zhiyuan , Hartsough Peter C. , O'Geen Anthony T. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Biotite content was positively related to regolith thickness in granitic terrain.
Depth regulates regolith transformations by dampening subsurface temperature.
The degree of soil development does not reflect deep regolith characteristics.
We evaluated the effects of temperature and subtle differences in lithology (biotite content) on the degree of pedogenesis in regolith (soils + saprock) in granitic terrain of the southern Sierra Nevada. Deep regolith was sampled from summit and backslope landscape positions in two catchments representing the transition from rain‐dominated (1100 m elevation) to snow‐dominated (2000 m elevation) precipitation. Regolith thickness varied regardless of degree of soil development (e.g., Alfisols vs. Inceptisols), ranging from 1.4 to 7.6 m at the 1100 m site and 1.5 to 10.7 m at the 2000‐m site. Biotite content in fine sand fractions of saprock was positively correlated with regolith thickness at both sites. In the rain‐dominated catchment (1100 m elevation), particle grain size was negatively correlated with regolith thickness. Evidence of pedogenic transformations was evaluated based on clay content and dithionite extractable iron (Fed). The degree of regolith transformation was controlled by heat energy, which was related to the temperature mediated by depth. Annual sum of heat energy modeled from surface to hard bedrock showed a significant positive correlation with clay content and Fed concentration. The slopes of regression lines between annual heat energy load and clay and Fed were steeper at the 1100 m site, where the dominant form of precipitation was rain. This trend is a result of the greater degree of pedogenesis and higher temperatures in soils compared with saprock at 2000 m.
Accumulation and Precipitation of Cu and Zn in a Centenarian Vineyard
Authors: Bortoluzzi Edson Campanhola , Korchagin Jackson , Moterle Diovane Freire , dos Santos Danilo Rheinheimer , Caner Laurent 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
The study highlights soil geochemical‐mineralogical alteration due to Cu‐based fungicide application.
Copper enrichment reached 26 times greater in vine rhizosphere than in the control site.
Copper precipitation at high soil pH favors mineral formation in the vine rhizosphere.
Vineyard areas have received remarkable amounts of Cu‐based fungicides and organic waste, causing metals to accumulate in the soil profile. The objective of this study was to determine the different chemical forms of Cu and Zn in a centenarian vineyard soil and discuss the formation of Cu‐ and Zn‐bearing minerals in the clay fraction. For this, a Brazilian Inceptisol planted with vines (123‐yr‐old vineyard) was sampled in (i) the vine rhizosphere (RV), (ii) the middle of the plant row (MPR), and (iii) under a natural forest site (F) (control treatment). The amounts of total, exchangeable and residual Cu forms in the RV reached 4500, 1400, and 600 mg kg‐1, respectively. The chemical enrichments of Cu and Zn in RV were 26 and 2.8 times greater than those in the F site, respectively. Peaks were observed on the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in the clay fraction from the RV site that were compatible with Cu‐bearing minerals. The mineralogical results are potentially and broadly significant to highlight the mechanisms of co‐precipitation of toxic ions in soils where fungicides were applied. A centenarian vineyard that received high amounts of Cu‐based fungicide accumulated Cu in the rhizosphere zone, had favorable conditions (i.e., high metal and pH levels) for the occurrence of Cu‐bearing minerals. Furthermore, long‐term traditional agriculture practices should be revisited to avoid environmental contamination.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Essential and Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Imprialos Konstantinos P. , Bouloukou Sofia , Kerpiniotis Georgios , Katsimardou Alexandra , Patoulias Dimitrios , Bakogiannis Constantinos , Faselis Charles 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are a second-line class of antihypertensive drugs,
which have been accounted for as the optimal add-on therapy in the triple algorithm for the management of resistant
hypertension.

Objectives:
To assess the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in the treatment of patients with essential
hypertension and resistant hypertension.

Method:
We conducted a meticulous review of the literature and comprehensive identification of the clinical
trials assessing the efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in individuals with primary and resistant
hypertension.

Results:
MRAs have been thoroughly tested in several clinical studies in relevance to blood pressure lowering
effects, over the last six decades. Accumulating data observed that MRAs resulted in a significant reduction in
blood pressure level in patients with resistant hypertension. In addition, spironolactone was found to beneficially
affect the management of resistant hypertension.

Conclusion:
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists exert a significant antihypertensive effect. Future welldesigned
randomized controlled studies are greatly needed to address crucial clinical aspects in the field.
Nanotechnology Advanced Strategies for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohsen Amira Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

Background:Medications currently available for the management of diabetes mellitus are inconvenient and have some limitations. Thus, investigations for novel approaches are needed to deliver and target antidiabetics safely to the site of action.Objective:The present review emphasizes the limitations of conventional antidiabetics and provides the recent progresses of nanotechnology in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with a special highlight on the novel nanocarriers methodologies employed as antidiabetic drug delivery systems.Methods:The potential nanocarriers employed for the treatment of diabetes comprise liposomes, niosomes, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, dendrimers and micelles. Herbal nanomedicine has also emerged to be a promising way for adequate delivery of herbal compounds. Other nanotechnology approaches involve the usage of oral insulin, inhalable insulin, artificial pancreas, and nanopump.Results:Nanocarriers have proved to lead a successful delivery of antidiabetic medications, aiming at drug targeting for enhanced efficacy and safety.Conclusion:These innovative generations of drug delivery systems have important benefits over conventionally existing ones. The future of nanotechnology in the management of diabetes is still open with several prospects and will be of pronounced significance.
ADIE - Nursing Interventions of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Subrata Sumarno Adi , Phuphaibul Rutja , Kanogsunthornrat Nirobol , Siripitayakunkit Apinya 
Published: March 2019

Background and Aims:Diabetic foot ulcer is recognized as a consequence of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease amid individuals with diabetes. As is well known, this situation still remains a crucial problem in nursing practice. Available studies describing an algorithm of inter- related nursing interventions concerned with diabetic foot ulcers are limited. Therefore, this integrative review was aimed to present evidence-based practice for overcoming the complications of diabetic foot ulcer as well as preventing lower extremity amputation.Methods:This integrative review retrieved scientific literature from PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, SAGE Publishing and ScienceDirect databases as published from 2008 to 2017. Thirty-seven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study.Results:Our findings present that neurologic and circulatory assessments were considered as primary steps prior to conducting interventions. Formulating a diagnosis based upon the assessment results is a principal part to determine appropriate interventions. Multiple experimental studies displayed the effectiveness of certain interventions consist of applying wound cleansing, advanced modern wound dressing, topical therapy, offloading, intensive diabetes education and advanced treatment modalities. Hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein, procalcitonin, the potential of hydrogen of wound fluid, wound size, neurological and circulatory status were determined as the outcomes measurement which must be correctly evaluated.Conclusion:This review contributes an algorithm for intervening diabetic foot ulcer thereby generating the given name: ADIE (Assessment, Diagnosis, Interventions, and Evaluation). A collaborative care amid multidisciplinary diabetes team is needed for implementing along with evaluating the feasibility of the study findings. Moreover, active family participation also plays a crucial role to achieve successful management of diabetic foot ulcer at home.
An Improved Segmentation and Classifier Approach Based on HMM for Brain Cancer Detection
Authors: Sharma Shruti , Rattan Munish 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
Brain tumors are fatal diseases that are spread worldwide and affect all types of age groups. Due to its direct impact on the central nervous system, if tumor cells prevail at certain locations in the brain, the overall functionality of the body is disturbed and chances of a person approaching death are high. Tumors can be cancerous or non-cancerous but in many cases, the chances of complete recovery are less and as a result death rate has increased all over the world despite recent advancements in technology, equipment and awareness. So the main concern is to detect brain related diseases at early stages so that they do not spread into vital parts of brain and disrupt body functions. Also, more precise and accurate technologies are required to serve as aid in the diagnosis, treatment and surgery of brain.

Aims & Objectives:
Therefore, its high alarming time to monitor mortality statistics and develop faster and accurate methods to curb the situation by simulating tissue deformation and locating cancerous nodes which is currently the prominent area of interest.

Methods:
A brain tumor is used to design the deformation model. Early stage detection of tumors is difficult from images. Moreover, the accuracy involved is low. Keeping all this into consideration, a machine learning approach has been developed for classification of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues so that the tissues having risk of future problem can also be recognized. The patient’s deformation model can be designed and brain tumor patterns are given as input on the basis of which tumor in the brain is marked. The proposed method of segmentation is based on a statistical model called Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which extricates the cancerous portion out of fed input MRI image along with the calculation of parameters such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), fault rate dust detection and accuracy.

Results &Discussion:
The results obtained from parametric analysis show that HMM has performed better than the technique of Support Vector Regression (SVR) for brain cancer segmentation in terms of PSNR, MSE, fault rate dust detection and accuracy. So image processing is used in combination with Hidden Markov Model for classification and analysis to which MRI images are fed as input.

Conclusion:
In this way, integration of artificial intelligence techniques with image processing can serve as a good way for segmentation of tumors and for classification purposes with good accuracy.
The Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA) Exerts a Wide Range of Effects in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy
Authors: Hafezi Shirin A. , Abdel-Rahman Wael M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic plasticizer that is commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure occurs when BPA migrates from food and beverage containers into the contents when heated or even under normal conditions of use. BPA exerts endocrine disruptor action due to its weak binding affinity for the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. BPA exerts other effects by activating the membrane receptor GPER (GPR30) and/or other receptors such as the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs).Objective:This review summarizes emerging data on BPA and cancer. These include data linking exposure to BPA with an increased risk of hormone-related cancers such as those of the ovary, breast, prostate, and even colon cancer. BPA can also induce resistance to various chemotherapeutics such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and vinblastine in vitro. The development of chemoresistance to available therapeutics is an emerging significant aspect of BPA toxicity because it worsens the prognosis of many tumors.Conclusion:Recent findings support a causal role of BPA at low levels in the development of cancers and in dictating their response to cytotoxic therapy. Accurate knowledge and consideration of these issues would be highly beneficial to cancer prevention and management.
In-vitro Pre-Treatment of Cancer Cells with TGF-β1: A Novel Approach of Tail Vein Lung Cancer Metastasis Mouse Model for Anti-Metastatic Studies
Authors: Khan Ghulam Jilany , Sun Li , Abbas Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Jamshaid Talha , Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf , Yuan Shengtao 
Published: March 2019

Background:Aggressive behavior of tumor metastasis comes from certain mutations, changes in cellular metabolic and signaling pathways that are majorly altered by tumor microenvironment (TME), its other components and growth factors like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) which is chiefly known for its epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT). EMT is a critical step of metastasis cascade in actual human lung cancer scenario.Objective:Our present study is focused on unveiling the in-vivo metastatic behavior of TGF-β1 treated lung cancer cells that undergo EMT.Methods:The lung cancer epithelial A549 cells were treated in-vitro with TGF-β1 (3-5ng/ml for 72 h) for EMT. After confirming the transformation of cells by phenotype modifications, wound healing and cell migration assay and qRT-PCR analyses of EMT biomarkers including E. Cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Slug, MMP2 and MMP9; those TGF-β1 modified cells were probed with fluorescent trackers and were injected into the tail vein of BALB/c nude mice for metastatic dissemination studies.Results:Our findings indicate that the distribution of TGF-β1 treated A549 cells as compared to W.T A549 towards lungs is less in terms of total relative fluorescent cluster count, however, the difference is insignificant (52±4, 60±5 respectively). Additionally, we show that TGF-β1 treated cells tend to metastasize almost 2, 3, 1.5, 2 and 1.7 times more than W.T towards liver, brain, ovaries, bones and adrenal gland, respectively, which is very much like human lung cancer metastasis.Conclusion:Conclusively, it is the first study ever reporting that a pre-treatment of cells with TGF-β1 for experimental lung cancer metastasis mouse model may portray a more precise approach for the development of potential therapeutic treatments. Additional pre-treatment studies with the application of other TME conditions like hypoxia and factors like NFκB, VEGF etc. may be a future prospect to develop a better understanding.
Selecting Yield and Nutritional Traits in Sphenostylis stenocarpa Landraces for Food Improvement
Authors: Aremu Charity , Abberton Micheal , Adebiyi Timothy , Asaleye Abiola J. , Inegbedion Henry , Abolusoro Stephen , Adekiya Aruna , Aboyeji Christopher , Dunsin OluGbenga 
Published: March 2019

Background:Sphenostylis stenocarpa is an underexploited African indigenous food crop that is enriched in nutritional quality.Objective:Exploring the robust genetic base of this landrace can help to maximize the benefit of the agricultural sector on the economy through production that is enhanced by packaging and patent. This as well will increase the quality of food production and promote African campaign on food sustainability.Methods:Upon this, this research made use of multiple statistics to identify S. stenocarpa yield and nutritional trait relatedness that supported selection for maximum yield and nutritional trait output. Yield and related traits including protein and oil contents of twenty-three Sphenostylis stenocarpa landraces were studied under a four year planting seasons in Teaching and Research farm of Landmark University, Nigeria.Results:Trait variances from Landrace × Year (L × Y) interaction, Principal Component and Cluster analyses were evaluated and the variation patterns were identified. Some vegetative (maturity phase, height and branching) and yield traits (Pod traits, seed yield and oil content) correlated significantly (p < 0.05) in the L × Y interactions. This suggests the usefulness of these traits in improving S. stenocarpa grain and oil quality yield. Tuber and nodule yield including protein content did not differ significantly in the variance table.Conclusion:The result indicates that one location trial is insufficient to determine such trait performance. The first four PCs that accounted for 51 percent of the total variations were traceable to branching, maturity date, pod numbers, seed and oil content as main contributors to yield.
Penyelenggaraan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (UKM) Esensial di Puskesmas Terpencil dan Sangat Terpencil
Authors: Werni Sefrina , Nurlinawati Iin , Rosita Rosita 
Published: March 2019

Abstrak
Setiap puskesmas harus menyelenggarakan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (UKM) esensial tanpa melihat kriteria puskesmas. UKM esensial meliputi 5 jenis pelayanan, yaitu promosi kesehatan; kesehatan lingkungan; kesehatan ibu, anak, dan keluarga berencana; pelayanan gizi; dan pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran pelaksanaan UKM esensial di puskesmas terpencil dan sangat terpencil di wilayah Indonesia. Data diperoleh dari hasil survei lokasi calon penempatan tim Nusantara Sehat Tahun 2016 sebanyak 131 unit puskesmas terdiri dari 74 puskesmas terpencil dan 57 puskesmas sangat terpencil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 87,0 persen puskesmas melaksanakan 5 jenis pelayanan esensial dan masih terdapat puskesmas yang hanya melaksanakan 3 jenis pelayanan yaitu sebesar 1,5 persen. Pelayanan kesehatan lingkungan merupakan jenis UKM esensial yang paling banyak tidak dapat diselenggarakan oleh puskesmas. Belum semua jenis tenaga kesehatan ada di puskesmas terpencil dan sangat terpencil. Terkait dengan pelaksanaan UKM esensial jenis tenaga yang masih kurang di daerah terpencil dan sangat terpencil yaitu dokter, tenaga kesling, tenaga pelaksana gizi dan tenaga kesehatan masyarakat. Peningkatkan kemampuan Puskesmas untuk menyelenggarakan UKM esensial secara menyeluruh baik di puskesmas terpencil maupun puskesmas sangat terpencil, perlu didukung dengan tenaga yang memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan jenis UKM esensial.
Abstract
Every health center must organized an essential public health effort (essential UKM’s), without looking at the health center’s criteria. Essential UKM’s are consist of five programs, namely health promotion; environmental health; health of maternal, child, and family planning; nutrition services; and prevention and control of diseases. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the implementation of the essential UKM’s in remote areas and very remote health centers. Data obtained from the survey of Healthy Archipelago team based placement in 2016, as many as 131 units of health centers, consisting of 74 remote area health centers and 57 very remote area health centers. Result of this study showed that 87,0 percent health centers organize a complete 5 programs of essential UKM’s, but there are 1,5 percent of health center that only organize three programs of essential UKM’s. Environmental health was an essential program that most would be un-organized by health center. Not all types of health workers are in remote and very remote health clinics. Associated with the implementation of essential UKM’s, personnels that are still lacking in remote and very remote areas is doctor, environmental health, nutritionist and public health. To improve the ability of the health center organized a complete essential UKM’s throughly both health center in remote areas and very remote areas, need to be supported by of human resources for health who have appropriate competence with essential UKM’s.
El número, como instrumento de medición y formación de una realidad materica, abstracta y matemática
Authors: Villa Carrero Juan Manuel , Tarazona Julián Orlando 
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo consiste en trascender lo perceptual, ese primer conocimiento de alguna cosa a través de los sentidos, paraoptar por el número, como instrumento de medición y formación de una realidad materica, abstracta y matemática en el diseñode nuevos objetos arquitectónicos. En concreto, la problemática en este trabajo fue elaborar herramientas electrónicas quepermitan extraer información fuera del alcance de la realidad experiencial del diseñador y explorar métodos de modelado de lasdinámicas de la realidad. Como resultado, este trabajo permitió, a través de sensores de sonido, medir y dar forma a estasdinámicas y procesarlas digitalmente a través de mapas espacio-temporales, en lugar de los estáticos mapas convencionaleshabituales en los análisis arquitectónicos. Lo anterior favoreció el control y significación de los diseños de nuevos objetos. Locual, es fundamental, si comprendemos que los objetos fabricados por el hombre desnaturalizan el mundo para acercarlo más aobjetivos humanos y/o artificiales. Todo esto parece confirmar, la falta de un mayor compromiso por parte de los diseñadorescon lo real, más allá de un mundo de símbolos, en la era del antropoceno.
Palabras Claves: Antropoceno,Diseño Realidad,Materialismo dialéctico,Sensores.
Respondalidad: Estrategia de la Gestión en Proyectos
Authors: Ureña Villamizar Yan Carlos , Castrillón Jaimes Yusbely Cecilia , Carruyo-Durán Yaritza 
Published: March 2019

El término respondabilidad tiene una castellanización del término inglés accountability, que significa responsabilidad de dineroy compromiso moral y legal con los Interesados (es decir, aquellos involucrados que pueden afectar o ser afectados por lasactividades de la organización). Es evidente que en el idioma español no existe una traducción exacta de esta palabra. Ahora eltérmino aceptado en América Latina y Centroamérica es la respondabilidad, que se entiende como la acción empresarial deresponder a las demandas y compromisos adquiridos. En Colombia el término es aún incipiente, sin embargo, la necesidadpública ya se nota como grandes empresas o corporaciones, a la hora de gestionar el cierre de proyectos.
Palabras Claves: Estrategia,Gestión,Proyectos,Responsabilidad
Audit Firm Reputational Consequences of Alleged Non-Accounting Misconduct by Clients: How Bargaining Power Temporarily Shifts Around Securities Litigation
Authors: Donelson Dain C. , Ege Matthew S. , Leiby Justin 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARY
This study examines how auditor-client bargaining power changes when misconduct unrelated to accounting, which we proxy for using non-accounting securities fraud lawsuits, is revealed at another client of the auditor. This type of misconduct can cause perceived reputational damage for the auditor that temporarily increases client bargaining power. In the year after suit filing, fees are lower for clients in the same city-industry office as the sued client, but are unchanged for clients of other auditors in the same city-industry, suggesting the effect is not due to economic distress. This effect is stronger (1) when suits are severe, likely because the negative information is more salient, and (2) when client bargaining power is stronger. Overall, these results provide evidence that reputation is important for U.S. audit firms. Further, the results also support the notion that reputation is susceptible to temporary damage from events beyond auditors' control.
JEL Classifications: K22; M42; M49.