bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Prospective Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Combined Immunosuppressive Therapy With High‐Dose Glucocorticoid, Tacrolimus, and Cyclophosphamide in Interstitial Lung Diseases Accompanied by Anti–Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Gene 5–Positive Dermatomyositis
Authors: Tsuji Hideaki , Nakashima Ran , Hosono Yuji , Imura Yoshitaka , Yagita Masato , Yoshifuji Hajime , Hirata Shintaro , Nojima Takaki , Sugiyama Eiji , Hatta Kazuhiro , Taguchi Yoshio , Katayama Masaki , Tanizawa Kiminobu , Handa Tomohiro , Uozumi Ryuji , Akizuki Shuji , Murakami Kosaku , Hashimoto Motomu , Tanaka Masao , Ohmura Koichiro , Mimori Tsuneyo 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveInterstitial lung disease (ILD) accompanied by anti–melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (anti–MDA‐5)–positive dermatomyositis (DM) is often rapidly progressive and associated with poor prognosis. Because there is no established treatment, we undertook this study to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined immunosuppressive regimen for anti–MDA‐5–positive DM patients with ILD.MethodsAdult Japanese patients with new‐onset anti–MDA‐5–positive DM with ILD (n = 29) were enrolled at multiple study centers from 2014 to 2017. They were treated with a regimen of high‐dose glucocorticoids (GCs), tacrolimus, and intravenous cyclophosphamide (IV CYC). Plasmapheresis was used if a patient's condition worsened after the regimen started. The primary end point was 6‐month survival, which was compared between this group of patients and a historical control group (n = 15) consisting of anti–MDA‐5–positive DM patients with ILD who received step‐up treatment (high‐dose GC and stepwise addition of immunosuppressant). Secondary end points were 12‐month survival rate, adverse events, and changes in laboratory data.ResultsThe combined immunosuppressive regimen group showed significantly higher 6‐month survival rates than the step‐up treatment group (89% versus 33%; P < 0.0001). Over a period of 52 weeks, improvements in anti–MDA‐5 titers, serum ferritin levels, vital capacity, and chest high‐resolution computed tomography scores were observed. The combined immunosuppressive regimen group received IV CYC nearly 20 days earlier with shorter intervals and tended to receive plasmapheresis more often than patients undergoing step‐up treatment. Cytomegalovirus reactivation was frequently observed over 52 weeks.ConclusionA combined immunosuppressive regimen is effective for anti–MDA‐5–positive DM patients with ILD. Plasmapheresis can be used for additional effect in intractable disease. Patients should be carefully monitored for opportunistic infections during treatment.
Rheological characteristics and genotype correlation of cassava root for very high gravity ethanol production: The influence of cassava varieties and harvest times
Authors: Sakdaronnarong Chularat , Sraphet Supajit , Srisawad Nattaya , Chantasod Rattana , Jonglertjunya Woranart , Triwitayakorn Kanokporn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn very high gravity (VHG) ethanol fermentation, the rheological properties of native cassava significantly influence heat and mass transfer, mixing energy, and, thus, the yield of all steps. This study investigated the effect of cassava varieties and their harvest times on starch liquefaction, saccharification, and fermentation. The genotype correlation of the starch properties was revealed for the most suitable cassava varieties. First, the starch content, amylose content, total reducing sugar from liquefaction and saccharification, pasting properties, and ethanol yields of six cassava varieties (Huay Bong 60, Hanatee, Kasetsart 50, Pirun 1, Pirun 2, and Rayong 11) at 6‐, 9‐, 12‐, and 15‐month harvest times were evaluated. The amylose content increased significantly from the 6th to the 12th month but slightly decreased at the 15th month. It was observed that the starch content contributed to a more substantial influence on the change in peak viscosity than on the amylose content. Ethanol fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606 showed that the Rayong 11 variety at the 15‐month harvest time provided the highest ethanol concentration of 104.7 ± 4.1 g L−1 and an ethanol yield of 0.4 ± 0.1 g ethanol g−1 reducing sugar, which corresponded to 74.5% of the theoretical yield.
Self‐Assembly of Proteinaceous Shells around Positively Charged Gold Nanomaterials Enhances Colloidal Stability in High‐Ionic‐Strength Buffers
Authors: Sasaki Eita , Dragoman Ryan M. , Mantri Shiksha , Dirin Dmitry N. , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Hilvert Donald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe enzyme lumazine synthase (LS) has been engineered to self‐assemble into hollow‐shell structures that encapsulate unnatural cargo proteins through complementary electrostatic interactions. Herein, we show that a negatively supercharged LS variant can also form organic–inorganic hybrids with gold nanomaterials. Simple mixing of LS pentamers with positively charged gold nanocrystals in aqueous buffer spontaneously affords protein‐shelled gold cores. The procedure works well with differently sized and shaped gold nanocrystals, and the resulting shelled complexes exhibit dramatically enhanced colloidal stability over a wide range of pH (4.0–10.0) and at high ionic strength (up to 1 m NaCl). They are even stable over days upon dilution in buffer. Self‐assembly of engineered LS shells in this way offers an easy and attractive alternative to commonly used ligand‐exchange methods for stabilizing inorganic nanomaterials.
Pelvic splenosis—A rare cause of pelvic mass
Authors: Degheili Jad A. , Abou Heidar Nassib F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSplenosis is a medical condition that seldom occurs after splenic tissue spillage via trauma or surgery. Ectopic spleen tissues can be found almost anywhere within the body. Albeit benign, it is often misdiagnosed as a tumor. Surgery is not indicated unless symptomatic. The imaging of choice for pelvic splenosis, although conventional, is a sulfur colloid nuclear scintigraphy.
The Sundsvall Bridge, Sweden
Authors: Thomsen Kjeld , Skov Pedersen Helge 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:Sundsvall is located approximately 400 km north of Stockholm on the Eastern coast of Sweden as neighbour to the Bothnian Bay. The Sundsvall Bridge presently under construction will cross the Sundsvall Fjord and is a missing link in the north south motorway E4 from Stockholm along the Bothnian Bay. The Sundsvall Bridge has a total length of approx. 1.4 km between the concrete abutments. It is designed as a continuous girder bridge with a modern closed box girder cross section. A special feature for the Sundsvall Bridge is a very complex geometry, due to the curved alignment – horizontally as well as vertically. Further a varying width and a varying height of the bridge girder together with a one‐sided slope contributes to the complexity.
Prefabricated Composite Flooring Systems with Normal and Lightweight Concretes
Authors: Ahmed I.M. , Tsavdaridis K.D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of lightweight concrete in structural applications for the sustainable design of composite slabs require the revision of today's flooring systems and the development of more efficient shear connectors. This paper studies a novel prefabricated and shallow steel‐concrete composite flooring system which is consisted of two main structural components: two C‐channel steel beams and a partially encased concrete floor. The concrete floor, which is in the form of T‐ribbed slab sections, was constructed using three types of concrete (reinforced normal concrete, reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete, and reinforced ultra‐lightweight aggregate concrete), and the steel edge beams which partially encase the floor slab and provide clear and straight finish edges. This paper includes the work of 2 full‐scale push‐out tests aimed at investigating the longitudinal shear behaviour of the new shear connection system (made of shear studs and steel dowels) when the normal concrete is replaced by lightweight and ultra‐lightweight concrete.
Fatigue of composite constructions with composite dowels
Authors: Christou Georgios , Classen Martin , Wolters Kevin , Broschart Yannick 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTComposite dowels are being applied increasingly over the past years. Especially in the field of small and medium span bridges, composite dowels offer many advantages in comparison to other shear connectors. In contrast to headed studs, where initial steel cracks already occur after a few load cycles, composite dowels have a better resistance against dynamic loading and thus an increased lifetime. The bearing capacity of composite dowels is mainly characterized by the compression of the multiaxial stressed concrete in front of the composite dowel, where shear forces are transferred between steel and concrete. Here, the multiaxial compressive stress leads to increasing strains, that accumulate over the load cycles and lead to a cyclic growth of relative displacements in the composite connection. These relative displacements subsist of two strain‐components, the elastic and the plastic strains. The plastic strain remains constant in the connection, even after release of external loading. These permanent displacements are called inelastic slip. Due to this inelastic slip the characteristics of the static dowel curve might change significantly over the lifetime of the composite structure. The initially rigid connection between steel and concrete degrades over the lifetime and rearrangements of internal forces between the composite partners occur, which may impact the fatigue behaviour of the construction. The degradation of the composite connection can be considered by a cyclic dowel curve, which may be developed from the static dowel curve by introducing the inelastic slip. In this paper, results of cyclic shear tests are presented, in which the inelastic slip between steel and concrete and the relative slip of the steel dowel to the steel web are measured and compared.
Multi‐Level Joints and Element Design
Authors: Wald František , Vild Martin , Vesecký Jan , Legner Štěpán , Kabeláč Jaromír , Šabatka Lubomír 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the principles multi‐level joints and element design in steel structures. The system response quantity and application features of Component Based Finite Element Method (CBFEM) for design of eccentric gusset plate connection of a truss steel member. Research oriented finite element model (ROFEM) is validated on experiments. The models are analysed by geometrically and materially non‐linear analysis with imperfections (GMNIA). The ROFEM is compared with simplified CBFEM model which includes only the joint. The proper behaviour of components, e.g. of bolts, anchor bolts, welds etc., is treated by introducing components representing its behaviour in term of initial stiffness, ultimate resistance and deformation capacity. To show this process a contribution is prepared, which summarises the history of achievements of FEA application in structural connections. Contribution shows the current trends in advanced modelling of connection components and differences of the research oriented and design oriented FEA models. Both have their roles in advanced analyses. On the eccentric gusset plate connection of diagonal steel member is shown the coming models with coupling of element and its joint design.
Comparative numerical investigations into the determination of slip factors according to the EN 1090‐2 and RCSC
Authors: Afzali Nariman , Abraham Christoph , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSlip‐resistant connections are used in bolted connections when deformations in the connections have to be for sure avoided either for serviceability or ultimate limit state reasons. On European level EN 1090‐2 and on North American level the “Specification for Structural Joints Using High‐Strength Bolts” by RCSC (2014) specify slip factors for often used surface conditions for carbon steel. For deviating conditions, slip factors can be determined experimentally according to the specified test procedures. However, not only the test procedure but also the test specimen geometry, clamping length, preload level etc. vary between both standards/guidelines. Generally, the resistance to slip in a slip‐resistant connection mainly depends on the condition of the faying surfaces and the preload level in the bolts but the variation of other key parameters may also result into different slip factors for the same surface treatment. For this reason, in a first step, comparative numerical investigations have been carried out for the test procedures specified in EN 1090‐2 and RCSC. The numerical models have been developed and calibrated on the basis of experimental tests carried out at the Institute for Metal and Lightweight Structures. Based on the calibrated numerical models, a parametric study has been conducted in order to prove the comparability of both test procedures and their resulting slip‐factors. In a second, future step, comparative experimental investigations will be carried out for both test procedures. In the frame of this contribution, the first numerical results will be presented.
Effect of Support Width on Stress Resultants in Ring Beams Interacting with Silo Shells
Authors: Zeybek Özer , Topkaya Cem 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTElevated cylindrical metal silos are often supported on a ring beam which rests on discrete column supports. The ring beam plays an important role in redistributing the majority of the discrete forces from the column supports into a more uniform stress state in the cylindrical wall, which is necessary to reduce the potential for buckling of the shell wall. Traditional design treatments for ring beams assumed that the ring is supported by knife‐edge supports and is under the action of a uniformly distributed transverse loading. The interaction between the silo shell and the ring beam is generally neglected. Previous studies have shown that the stress resultants in ring beams depend strongly on the silo shell to ring beam stiffness ratio. This new study explores the effects of different support widths on the stress resultants and transverse displacements. Pursuant to this goal, a finite element parametric study has been conducted to evaluate stress resultants for different support width to radius ratios and considering different combinations of ring beams interacting with silo shells of differing dimensions. The results indicate that the width of the support has a very significant influence on the stress resultants and transverse displacements. These response quantities decrease significantly as the support width is increased from a knife‐edge to a finite width support. An increase in the support width directly reduces the ring beam clear span which in turn results in a reduction in all the key responses. Designers often ignore the effect of a finite support width but these findings indicate that this is a very conservative choice. A simplified treatment based on the clear span and the shell to ring beam stiffness ratio has been developed herein for calculating the stress resultants.
ACCIDENTAL TORSION WITH INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS – OVER‐CONSERVATIVE RULES IN EC8
Authors: Knoedel Peter , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper is related to seismic design of industrial steel buildings, such as warehouses and plant skeleton structures. Designers will be encouraged to skip rules of EC8 under certain circumstances, which lead to over‐conservative results.Seismic design according to EC8 contains a general clause on accidental torsion. There, the possibility of an offset of the resulting masses within a storey and the spatial variation of the seismic motion is considered. Consequently, this leads to an unintended torsion (e.g. rotation of the structure about its vertical axis). Different magnitudes of additional loads in the vertical bracing planes may follow depending on the location of the bracing in the structure. Even in the favorable case of the bracing being located in the outmost walls (which is given in typical warehouses anyway), the bracing forces are to be increased by a factor of 1.3 according to the provisions of EC8 lateral force method. In this paper, the determination of the bracing forces is followed in two examples of industrial buildings, a warehouse with a crane bridge and a plant skeleton structure with heavy equipment on different levels. Based on these examples it will be shown, that the provisions of EC8 are way too conservative. Advice is given, on how the designer can come up with robust, but much lower forces for the vertical bracing planes.
Novel Building Diaphragm Layouts Generated through Topology Optimization
Authors: Fischer Astrid W. , Guest James K. , Schafer Benjamin W. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to explore the layout of floor diaphragms in steel buildings subject to demands generated from lateral loads, such as those from wind and earthquakes, optimized for shear stiffness and minimum weight. The design of floors is typically dominated by considerations for gravity loads. In some classical cases, e.g. the works of Nervi, optimized floor topologies have been expressed in non‐grid patterns, such as through ribs oriented in principal stress directions. Floor designs employing steel deck generally express only one‐way action spanning between joists. Layouts of floor diaphragms are investigated here for improved lateral stiffness through topology optimization. To handle the widely different equivalent stiffness properties of steel deck the classic topology optimization algorithm is augmented to allow for orthotropic material in the formulation and material orientation as a design variable. A range of possible orthotropic stiffness properties are developed from a database of existing designs for bare steel deck and composite steel‐concrete deck diaphragms. The floor designs are generally found to follow the principal stress trajectories developed in the model under the considered shear loading. This work is the first step in an effort to develop optimized floor layouts under combined gravity and lateral (seismic) load and is part of a larger initiative (www.steeli.org) that aims to better understand and optimize the role of diaphragms in the seismic response of steel buildings.
Laboratory tests on a real crane runway girder with welded box section and eccentric wheel loading
Authors: Kettler Markus , Unterweger Harald 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe design of crane runway girders is strongly affected by the local stresses at the web top due to wheel loads (mainly fatigue design, but also web buckling). A realistic approach of these local stresses due to centric and eccentric wheel loading is very important for economic design.In this paper, experimental tests on a real crane runway girder with welded box section are presented. Centric as well as eccentric wheel loading is investigated. The tests have been conducted with and without longitudinal stiffeners in the web under the crane rail. Therefore, the influence of these stiffeners on the local vertical stresses can be highlighted.For all tests, additional comprehensive finite element analyses have been conducted. The results of the numerical calculations are compared with the test results and with the predictions of a sophisticated engineering model that takes into account the typical load carrying behaviour of welded box sections.
Proof of concept of a demountable steel‐concrete composite flooring system
Authors: Gîrbacea Ioan Andrei , Nijgh Martin Paul , Veljkovic Milan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTEnvironmental concerns steer the construction industry towards more sustainable developments such as demountable and reusable structures. Composite structures are a frequent solution for multi‐story buildings and bridges, however the use of welded shear connectors requires labour and energy intensive disassembly. Two bays of a demountable flooring system for a multi‐storey car park building were erected in the laboratory. The flooring system consists of large prefabricated concrete decks connected to tapered steel beams. The feasibility of assembly and disassembly of the flooring system was tested under laboratory condition. Shear interaction was achieved by an embedded bolt and coupler which are connected to the top flange of the steel beam by an external injection bolt. Oversized holes are used in the top flange of the steel beam to accommodate fabrication and execution deviations and the deformations occurring during construction. Extensive imperfection measurements and finite element models were used to design the oversized hole diameter to 32 mm. The hole clearance must be compensated either by pretensioning or injecting the bolt‐to‐hole clearance with an epoxy resin to enable instantaneous composite action under live loads. Experimental injection of 150 injection bolts confirms that epoxy resin can reliably fill the hole clearance, and that the injection process takes 30 seconds per bolt. Various non‐uniform shear connector arrangements were considered to minimize construction costs and maximize the speed of execution. The mechanical behaviour of the demountable composite beam was tested experimentally and numerically.
3D printing in steel construction with the automated Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kühne Ronny , Feldmann Markus , Citarelli Sandro , Reisgen Uwe , Sharma Rahul , Oster Lukas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe classic 3D printing of metallic components using powder bed processes has so far mainly been used in the aerospace industry or in mechanical engineering. For the production of large structural components, such as those used in steel construction, laser powder‐based additive manufacturing processes are too expensive. Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) can offer a possibility to realize 3D printing of large steel components. This process, also known as “shape welding”, has become interesting for the building industry in combination with flexible robot technology and low energy welding processes. This is not only because of the vast variety of design options, as digitalisation and integration into computer‐supported design, planning and manufacturing processes also open up new possibilities for steel construction. Additionally, WAAM is also well‐suited for the production of load‐optimised components in particular. This study describes the current and future fields of application, the characteristics of production and the load‐bearing capacity of the achievable component types.