bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keanekaragaman Siput Ordo Mesogastropoda dan Neogastropoda pada Zona Eulitoral di Kawasan Pesisir Pulau Sembilan, Kabupaten Kotabaru
Authors: Fajeriadi Hery , Zaini Muhammad , Dharmono Dharmono 
Published: May 2019

Gastropoda tersebar luas di kawasan pesisir, salah satunya pesisir Pulau Sembilan Kotabaru. Kawasan ini masih tergolong alami dan terdapat terumbu karang. Beberapa titik terumbu karang mulai mengalami kerusakan. Terumbu dan batu karang di zona eulitoral merupakan habitat alami gastropoda. Gastropoda terbagi menjadi tiga ordo, dua diantaranya adalah Ordo Mesogastropoda dan Ordo Neogastropoda belum didokumentasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melanjutkan dokumentasi spesies gastropoda (Mesogastropoda dan Neogastropoda) dan menganalisis indeks keanekaragamannya. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan luas plot 1 m2, sebanyak 20 plot, di sepanjang seratus meter mengikuti garis pantai. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah nama spesies dan jumlah individu setiap spesies.­ Berdasarkan data tersebut ditentukan indeks keanekaragaman menggunakan persamaan Shannon-Wienner. Ditemukan lima spesies dari Ordo Mesogastropoda dan dua spesies dari Ordo Neogastropoda.Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) Mesogastropoda dan Neogastropoda adalah 1.620 dengan kategori sedang, artinya ekosistem di kawasan tersebut tergolong stabil. Gastropods are widespread in the coastal area, one of which is the coast of Pulau Sembilan Kotabaru. This area is still relatively natural, and there are coral reefs. Some points of coral reefs began to suffer damage. Reefs and rocks in the eulittoral zone are natural gastropod habitats. Gastropods are divided into three orders, two of which are mesogastropod orders, and the neogastropod order has not been documented. This study aims to continue the documentation of gastropod species (Mesogastropods and Neogastropods) and analyze their diversity index. Data were collected by purposive sampling technique with a plot area of 1 m2, as many as 20 plots, along a hundred meters following the coastline. The data collected is the name of the species and the number of individuals in each species. Based on these data the diversity index is determined using the Shannon-Wiener equation. Five species of the mesogastropod order and two species of the neogastropod order were found. The Mesogastropod and Neogastropod diversity index (H') is 1,620 in the medium category, meaning that the ecosystem in the region is classified as stable.
Perceptual cue weighting in L1 and L2 Chinese: An investigation of aspiration and frication in Chinese obstruents by Danish learners
Authors: Yan Mengzhu , Sloos Marjoleine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn important part of second language acquisition of sound systems involves the distinction between phoneme contrasts that exist in L2 but not in L1. However, L1 and L2 listeners do not always use the same acoustic cues to perceptually distinguish the contrasts. Most studies concentrate on vowel perception, but perceptual cue weighting in consonants is somewhat under-investigated, although equally relevant. This article investigates the cue-weighting of Chinese /t th ts tsh/ by L1 and Danish L2 listeners. The four phonemes are contrastive, and distinguished in aspiration, frication or both. Moreover, Chinese /th ts tsh/ acoustically all overlap with a single phoneme in Danish /ts/, variably realized as [ts] ~ [th], which make it notoriously difficult to acquire the contrasts. We conducted a cue-weighting experiment to investigate how Danish and Chinese listeners use aspiration and frication to perceptually categorize these Chinese sounds. Our results show that Danish learners are not as sensitive as native Chinese to the deciding cues to distinguish the Chinese phoneme contrasts. This study sheds light on L2 sound acquisition in which different phonemes in the target L2 language correspond to a single but variable phoneme in the native language.
Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal resistance are associated with metabolic risk in schoolchildren
Authors: Saldanha Filho Neri , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , Barbian Cláudia Daniela , de Castro Silveira João Francisco , de Borba Schneiders Letícia , Pohl Hildegard Hedwig 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Low levels of physical fitness are associated with metabolic disorders in adults. However, this relationship has been little explored in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is an association between physical fitness related to health and the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren.

Methods
The sample for this cross-sectional study was composed of 1251 schoolchildren of both genders between 7 and 17 years of age. Three indicators of physical fitness related to health were evaluated: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), flexibility and abdominal resistance. The continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) was calculated by using the sum of the Z scores of the following indicators: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c) and triglycerides. Subsequently, the cMetS was dichotomized, considering the presence or absence of metabolic risk. The data were analyzed using prevalence ratio (PR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using Poisson regression.

Results
A higher prevalence of metabolic risk was found among students with low levels of CRF (PR: 1.48; CI: 1.10–1.98) and abdominal resistance (PR: 1.45; CI: 1.08–1.95). No association with flexibility was found.

Conclusions
Low levels of CRF and abdominal resistance are associated with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren.
Association between early antibiotic exposure and risk of childhood weight gain and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aghaali Mohammad , Hashemi-Nazari Seyed Saeed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that antibiotic exposure during infancy is associated with increased body mass in healthy children. This study was performed to investigate the association between early-life antibiotic exposure and risk of childhood obesity.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively and quantitatively determine the association between early antibiotic exposure and risk of childhood obesity. Various databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Cochrane and Google Scholar were searched. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to pool the statistical estimates. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed based on the time of follow-up.ResultsNineteen studies involving at least 671,681 participants were finally included. Antibiotic exposure in early life was significantly associated with risk of childhood weight gain and obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.06).ConclusionsAntibiotic exposure in early life significantly increases the risk of childhood weight gain and obesity.
Obesity-related thyroiditis in childhood: relationship with insulin resistance
Authors: Dursun Fatma , Atasoy Öztürk Tülay , Seymen Karabulut Gülcan , Kırmızıbekmez Heves 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Thyroid dysfunction is the most common hormonal abnormality in obesity. It should actually be considered as an adaptation response to fat excess. However, little has been reported on the morphology of the thyroid gland, and no data regarding the relationship between thyroid gland changes and metabolic parameters are available in obese adolescents.

Objective
The study aimed to evaluate the frequency of non-autoimmune thyroiditis in obese adolescents and compare the metabolic status of patients with or without thyroiditis.

Methods
A total of 218 obese children and 49 age-matched control healthy children were included. Thyroid ultrasonography (USG) was performed in all participants, as well as thyroid hormone levels, thyroid antibodies (Abs), lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) were determined. Obese children were divided into three groups according to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies and USG findings of thyroiditis (Group-1: Abs [−], normal thyroid morphology/Group-2: Abs [+], abnormal thyroid morphology/Group-3: Abs [−], abnormal thyroid morphology). The relationship between body mass index, metabolic parameters and thyroid gland status was analyzed.

Results
Seventy-two of 218 obese patients (33%) had non-autoimmune thyroiditis (Group-3). The rate of insulin resistance was significantly higher in Group-3 than in Group-1 (p = 0.024). Similarly, the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) was higher in Group-3 (44.3%) than in Group-1 (27.1%) (p = 0.014).

Conclusions
Obese adolescents with non-autoimmune thyroiditis had a higher incidence of insulin resistance. This finding supported the hypothesis that insulin resistance may have an effect on thyroid morphology. Further randomized trials investigating this relationship are required.
Triangular Surface Patch Based on Bivariate Meyer-König-Zeller Operator
Authors: Zhou Guorong , Cai Qing-Bo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Based on the relationship between probability operators and curve/surface modeling, a new kind of surface modeling method is introduced in this paper. According to a kind of bivariate Meyer-König-Zeller operator, we study the corresponding basis functions called triangular Meyer-König-Zeller basis functions which are defined over a triangular domain. The main properties of the basis functions are studied, which guarantee that the basis functions are suitable for surface modeling. Then, the corresponding triangular surface patch called a triangular Meyer-König-Zeller surface patch is constructed. We prove that the new surface patch has the important properties of surface modeling, such as affine invariance, convex hull property and so on. Finally, based on given control vertices, whose number is finite, a truncated triangular Meyer-König-Zeller surface and a redistributed triangular Meyer-König-Zeller surface are constructed and studied.
Generators for maximal subgroups of Conway group Co1
Authors: Yasin Faisal , Farooq Adeel , Nazeer Waqas , Kang Shin Min 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Conway groups are the three sporadic simple groups Co1, Co2 and Co3. There are total of 22 maximal subgroups of Co1 and generators of 6 maximal subgroups are provided in web Atlas of finite simple groups. The aim of this paper is to give generators of remaining 16 maximal subgroups.
Positivity preserving operator splitting nonstandard finite difference methods for SEIR reaction diffusion model
Authors: Ahmed Nauman , S.S. Tahira , Rafiq M. , Rehman M.A. , Ali Mubasher , Ahmad M.O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, we will introduce two novel positivity preserving operator splitting nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) schemes for the numerical solution of SEIR reaction diffusion epidemic model. In epidemic model of infection diseases, positivity is an important property of the continuous system because negative value of a subpopulation is meaningless. The proposed operator splitting NSFD schemes are dynamically consistent with the solution of the continuous model. First scheme is conditionally stable while second operator splitting scheme is unconditionally stable. The stability of the diffusive SEIR model is also verified numerically with the help of Routh-Hurwitz stability condition. Bifurcation value of transmission coefficient is also carried out with and without diffusion. The proposed operator splitting NSFD schemes are compared with the well-known operator splitting finite difference (FD) schemes.
The Demandingness of Deontological Duties: Is the Absolute Impermissibility of Placatory Torture Irrational?
Authors: Kramer Matthew H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Consequentialist doctrines have often been criticized for their excessive demandingness, in that they require the thorough instrumentalization of each person’s life as a vehicle for the production of good consequences. In turn, the proponents of such doctrines have often objected to what they perceive as the irrationality of the demandingness of deontological duties. In this paper, I shall address objections of the latter kind in an effort to show that they are unfounded. My investigation of this matter will unfold by reference to a scenario that strikingly and concretely exemplifies the demandingness of deontological duties. That scenario, which involves a situation of torture (specifically, placatory torture – in other words, torture undertaken for the purpose of appeasing people who have demanded that it be administered), will serve as a springboard for my endeavor to vindicate the rationality of deontological absolutes and will help to illuminate the endeavor’s practical implications.
Demandingness and Public Health Ethics
Authors: Giubilini Alberto , Savulescu Julian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Public health policies often require individuals to make personal sacrifices for the sake of protecting other individuals or the community at large. Such requirements can be more or less demanding for individuals. This paper examines the implications of demandingness for public health ethics and policy. It focuses on three possible public health policies that pose requirements that are differently demanding: vaccination policies, policy to contain antimicrobial resistance, and quarantine and isolation policies. Assuming the validity of the ‘demandingness objection’ in ethics, we argue that states should try to pose requirements that individuals would have an independent moral obligation to fulfil, and therefore that are not too demanding. In such cases, coercive measures are ethically justified, especially if the interventions also entail some benefits to the individuals; this is, for example, the case of vaccination policies. When public health policies need to require individuals to do something that is too demanding to constitute an independent moral obligation, states have an obligation to either provide incentives to give individuals non-moral reasons to fulfil a certain requirement – as in the case of policies that limit antibiotic prescriptions – or to compensate individuals for being forced to do something that is too demanding to constitute an independent moral obligation – as in the case of quarantine and isolation policies.
What Attributes Determine Overall Satisfaction in Patient Safety Culture? An Empirical Study of the Perceptions of Hospital Staff in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Cheng-Feng , Wu Hsin-Hung , Lee Yii-Ching , Huang Chih-Hsuan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study assessed the attributes of the overall perception of (satisfaction with) patient safety culture using four categories of hospital staff, and it developed directions for the improvement of medical services. The Chinese version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (CSAQ) was sent to the staff of study hospitals through an intraorganizational online survey application. Linear regression with forward selection was used to identify the essential dimensions of the CSAQ that affect overall satisfaction with patient safety culture. For physicians, nurses, and technicians, the findings indicate that overall satisfaction is highly influenced by perceptions of management. For physicians, nurses, and administrative staff, the safety climate has a significant impact on their overall satisfaction. Additionally, for technicians, emotional exhaustion is an essential factor affecting overall satisfaction. Understanding the perceptions of patient safety culture among different medical staff in a healthcare organization could help hospital management to promote policies explicitly oriented toward improving patient safety and strategies. For front-line staff, well-trained employees and concordant teams are important; higher level managers should adopt policies to improve the working environment and ameliorate the arrangement of human resources.
Dynamic Characteristics of Coarse Aggregates within Epoxy Asphalt Mixture during Superpave Gyratory Compaction
Authors: Zhang Xiang-fei , Qian Zhen-dong , Zheng Dong , Chen Leilei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To investigate the dynamic characteristic of coarse aggregates within epoxy asphalt mixture, this study conducted a virtual simulation of the Superpave gyratory compaction (SGC) test based on the discrete element method and artificial neural network. A three-dimensional compaction model of epoxy asphalt mixture was built and verified, considering the irregular polyhedral morphology and the elastic property of coarse aggregates, the mastic volume and the thermosetting and viscoelastic properties of epoxy asphalt mastic. Subsequently, the SGC numerical model was applied to analyze the particle velocity, porosity distribution, and particle force status at different compaction levels. Results demonstrate that the compactness increment mainly depends on the movement and rotation of aggregates in the early stage, and rotation of aggregates in the later stage. The existence of gyration angle and the internal structure of epoxy asphalt mixture can affect the dynamic behavior of aggregates. The structure of mixture in the central area is relatively more stable during compaction, and the peripheral area of the specimen is more difficult to compact.
Development of a Mechanical Torsion Test to Evaluate Slotted Bolts on a Bolt-Wire-Ring-Nut Setup for Ilizarov External Fixator
Authors: Roesler C. R. M. , Cubillos P. O. , dos Santos V. O. , Amorim R. , Cardoso G. S. , Rosa E. , Pizzolatti A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The effectiveness of Ilizarov external fixators in osteosynthesis of fractured bones depends on the pre-tension applied to the transosseous wires. The pre-tension on these wires depends on the initial torque applied to the slotted bolts, which occasionally fracture during clinical setup. There is no standard method to determine the risk of failure of these bolts. This study aimed to develop a test to evaluate the mechanical strength of these bolts by imitating a bolt-wire-ring-nut configuration of an Ilizarov fixator. The fracture micromechanisms of the slotted bolts were investigated to understand the mechanical forces involved. This resulted in a reference group (Group III). Then, with these fracture characteristics, a new bolt-wire-ring-nut test was developed to mimic use in an Ilizarov fixator. Eleven slotted bolts were tested (Group II). The new test results were compared with a standardized screw torsion test (Group I) according to ASTM F543, Standard Specification and Test Methods for Metallic Medical Bone Screws. The mechanical strengths of Groups I and II were analyzed statistically. Additionally, the fracture micromechanisms of all groups were investigated. The bolts tested according to ASTM F543 (Group I) showed values with less dispersion compared with those in Group II; however, there were no statistically significant differences between their maximum torques. The bolts submitted to the new test (Group II) showed similar fracture surfaces as those in Group III, distinct from Group I. The results indicate that the new torsion test is more clinically relevant and reliable when checking whether the slotted bolts are liable to fracture during clinical setup.
The Impact of Parental Presence on Trainee Education During PICU Rounds: A Brief Report
Authors: LaRosa Jessica M. , Fernandes Danielle M. , Morris Marilyn C. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the impact of parental presence on the number and types of educational questions asked of and by medical trainees during PICU rounds.

METHODS:
An investigator joined bedside rounds in a 14-bed medical-surgical PICU on 20 weekdays between December 2016 and June 2017. For each patient, the investigator recorded the time devoted to education. Educational questions were recorded verbatim. Questions were categorized as “teaching” (senior team member to a trainee) or “learning” (trainee to a more senior team member) and by content (eg, physiology, imaging, prognosis). Two blinded investigators independently assigned codes to each educational question; discrepancies were resolved to the satisfaction of both.

RESULTS:
Data include 151 patient-specific rounding events, involving 92 patients. At least 1 parent attended the entirety of 59/151 rounding events (39%). There were no significant differences between the duration of education or the number of educational questions asked when parents were present (1 minute; 2 questions) versus absent (2 minutes; 2 questions). When parents were present, 20% questions were learning versus 25% when parents were absent. Zero percent of rounding events included ≥1 question about prognosis when parents were present versus 9% when absent (P = .02). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of questions related to complications of management or social factors.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parent participation in rounds did not impact the quantity of education during rounds but did impact the type of educational questions asked, specifically restricting the discussion of patient prognosis.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Safety Events Among Adolescents Hospitalized After a Suicide Attempt
Authors: Noelck Michelle , Velazquez-Campbell Maria , Austin Jared P. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Self-harm among adolescents is a common problem, resulting in large numbers of patients admitted for medical stabilization after a suicide attempt. Because of limited mental health resources, these high-risk patients remain in inpatient settings once medically stabilized until psychiatric placement can be arranged. During this time, patients are at risk for safety events, including self-harm and elopement. Using quality improvement (QI) methodology, we aimed to reduce the frequency of significant safety events (SSEs) in this population by targeting modifiable risk factors and standardizing care.

METHODS:
This was a QI study conducted at a medium-sized academic center. Key interventions included the development of the Pediatric Behavioral Health Safety Protocol, standardization of the patient safety search, and implementation of a daily Safety Huddle. Process measures were selected as metrics of use and adherence to the newly developed protocol. The rate of SSEs per 100 patient days was the primary outcome measure.

RESULTS:
There were 224 patients included in our study: 53 in the preimplementation and 171 in the postimplementation groups. Use of the Pediatric Behavioral Health Safety Protocol increased to 91.8% after implementation. The rate of SSEs per 100 patient days decreased from an average of 2.7 events per 100 patient days in the preimplementation period to 0.17 events per 100 patient days in the postimplementation period.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of QI methodology to improve safety for adolescents admitted after a suicide attempt led to a substantial and sustainable reduction in the rate of SSEs at our institution.