bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular chaperoning helps safeguarding mitochondrial integrity and motor functions in the Sahara silver ant Cataglyphis bombycina
Authors: Willot Quentin , Mardulyn Patrick , Defrance Matthieu , Gueydan Cyril , Aron Serge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Sahara silver ant Cataglyphis bombycina is one of the world’s most thermotolerant animals. Workers forage for heat-stricken arthropods during the hottest part of the day, when temperatures exceed 50 °C. However, the physiological adaptations needed to cope with such harsh conditions remain poorly studied in this desert species. Using transcriptomics, we screened for the most heat-responsive transcripts of C. bombycina with aim to better characterize the molecular mechanisms involved with macromolecular stability and cell survival to heat-stress. We identified 67 strongly and consistently expressed transcripts, and we show evidences of both evolutionary selection and specific heat-induction of mitochondrial-related molecular chaperones that have not been documented in Formicidae so far. This indicates clear focus of the silver ant’s heat-shock response in preserving mitochondrial integrity and energy production. The joined induction of small heat-shock proteins likely depicts the higher requirement of this insect for proper motor function in response to extreme burst of heat-stresses. We discuss how those physiological adaptations may effectively help workers resist and survive the scorching heat and burning ground of the midday Sahara Desert.
Clinician vs. Machine: Estimating Vocalizations Rates in Young Children With Developmental Disorders
Authors: Bredin-Oja Shelley L. , Fielding Heather , Fleming Kandace K. , Warren Steven F. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of an automated language analysis system, the Language Environment Analysis (LENA), compared with a human transcriber to determine the rate of child vocalizations during recording sessions that were significantly shorter than recommended for the automated device.MethodParticipants were 6 nonverbal male children between the ages of 28 and 46 months. Two children had autism diagnoses, 2 had Down syndrome, 1 had a chromosomal deletion, and 1 had developmental delay. Participants were recorded by the LENA digital language processor during 14 play-based interactions with a responsive adult. Rate of child vocalizations during each of the 84 recordings was determined by both a human transcriber and the LENA software.ResultsA statistically significant difference between the 2 methods was observed for 4 of the 6 participants. Effect sizes were moderate to large. Variation in syllable structure did not explain the difference between the 2 methods. Vocalization rates from the 2 methods were highly correlated for 5 of the 6 participants.ConclusionsEstimates of vocalization rates from nonverbal children produced by the LENA system differed from human transcription during sessions that were substantially shorter than the recommended recording length. These results confirm the recommendation of the LENA Foundation to record sessions of at least 1 hr.
Augen auf beim Steinkauf
Authors: Bauer Franca 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEdelsteine und Mineralien sind nicht nur schöner Schmuck, auch werden sie für Heilzwecke und ein harmonischeres Raumklima verwendet. Besonders für solche Anwendungen ist eine gute Qualität wichtig. Es gibt zahlreiche Methoden, um Edelsteine zu manipulieren und dadurch ihren Wert zu steigern; auch werden günstigere Materialen optisch aufgewertet und als hochwertige Edelsteine verkauft. Sechs Methoden sind hierbei besonders relevant. Nicht alle den Edelstein verändernden Verfahren müssen laut Gesetz deklariert sein. Daher ist es wichtig, diese manipulierten oder imitierten Steine zu erkennen und zu wissen, wie man sich vor Betrug schützen kann.
Increased OGA Expression and Activity in Leukocytes from Patients with Diabetes: Correlation with Inflammation Markers
Authors: Pagesy Patrick , Tachet Caroline , Mostefa-Kara Ali , Larger Etienne , Issad Tarik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractO-linked-β-N-Acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a reversible post-translational modification involved in diabetic complications, is regulated by only two enzymes, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (OGA). Increased OGA expression has been described previously in blood cells from patients with diabetes and was interpreted as an adaptative response to hyperglycemia-induced O-GlcNAcylation. OGA expression was thus proposed to have potential utility as a diagnostic marker. The present work was undertaken to determine whether determination of OGA enzymatic activity in blood cells could constitute a more rapidly accessible marker than OGA expression level measurements.Blood samples were obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes from the Department of Diabetology of the Cochin Hospital and healthy volunteers from the French blood Agency. OGA enzymatic activity and OGA mRNA expression levels were evaluated in leucocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes and from healthy donors.OGA activity was higher in leucocytes from patients with diabetes compared to control individuals. Surprisingly, OGA activity was not correlated hyperglycaemia markers (blood glucose, fructosamine, HbA1c) but was positively correlated with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. OGA mRNA levels were also increased in leucocytes from patients with diabetes and were correlated with mRNA coding for two pro-inflammatory proteins, TNFα and TxNIP.Therefore, OGA activity in leucocytes might be a more easily accessible biomarker than OGA expression levels. However, changes in OGA activity observed in patients with type 2 diabetes may reflect the inflammatory rather than the glycaemic status of these patients.
Expression of TIGIT and FCRL3 is Altered in T Cells from Patients with Distinct Patterns of Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Štefanić Mario , Tokić Stana , Suver-Stević Mirjana , Glavaš-Obrovac Ljubica 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background Co-inhibitory receptors (IR), such as TIGIT and FCRL3, provide a checkpoint against highly destructive immune responses. Co-expression of TIGIT and FCRL3, in particular, has been linked to the HELIOS+ subset of regulatory CD4+FOXP3+T-cells. Of these, CD4+FOXP3-exon(E)2+ cells have higher expression of IR and exhibit strongest suppressive properties. Nevertheless, how the expression of TIGIT, FCRL3, HELIOS, and FOXP3E2 is regulated in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), is not known.
Methods Thirty patients with AT [encompassing spontaneously euthyroid (euAT), hypothyroid-untreated and L-thyroxine-treated cases)] and 10 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. FCRL3, TIGIT, HELIOS and FOXP3E2 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood (PB) T cells were measured via quantitative real-time PCR and compared to clinicopathological factors.
Results The TIGIT and FCRL3 expression levels from T cells of AT cases were inversely related to the thyroid volume, and were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients (on+off L-thyroxine), but not euAT cases. The FCRL3 expression in PB T cells positively correlated with thyroid-peroxidase autoantibody levels; by contrast, T cells from aged AT patients and combined samples (AT+HC) accumulated more TIGIT mRNA. The patients with higher TIGIT mRNA levels had a greater prevalence of hypothyroidism, showing higher peak thyrotropin levels at diagnosis or at follow-up.
Conclusions Multiple IR, namely FCRL3 and TIGIT, but not the transcription factors HELIOS and FOXP3E2, showed increased mRNA levels in PB T cells from end-stage, long-standing and/or more aggressive AT, in proportion to disease severity. A relation with major clinical subphenotypes was observed, thereby identifying IR as potentially important players in AT.
The Effect of the Oral Administration of Leucine on Endothelial Function, Glucose and Insulin Concentrations in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Argyrakopoulou Georgia , Kontrafouri Paraskevi , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Kokkinos Alexander , Arapostathi Christina , Kyriaki Despoina , Perrea Despoina , Revenas Constantinos , Katsilambros Nicholas , Tentolouris Nicholas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objective The aim of our study was to investigate the potential differential effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia induced by glucose infusion alone and in combination with leucine consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals.
Methods Ten male volunteers were examined in random order twice. In one visit, they consumed 250 ml water (baseline) and 30 min later glucose was infused iv. In the other visit, they consumed 250 ml water with 25 g of leucine and 30 min later the same amount of glucose was infused. Serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and every 10 min after glucose infusion for 1 h. Endothelial function was evaluated by measurement of flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) at baseline, 10 and 60 min after glucose infusion.
Results In both visits, glucose levels increased to the same degree, whereas insulin response was significantly higher after leucine administration. FMD values declined significantly compared to baseline 10 min after glucose infusion in the control visit (6.9±2.7 vs. 3.2±3.5%, respectively, p=0.006), while no significant change was observed when glucose infusion was followed by leucine consumption.
Conclusions Acute hyperglycaemia impairs endothelial function in healthy male individuals. Leucine administration prevents hyperglycaemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction probably due to enhanced insulin secretion.
Kampo-Medizin in der gastrointestinalen Onkologie
Authors: Cameron Silke 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn Japan werden Rezepturen der traditionellen Phytotherapie (Kampo-Medizin) seit langem im modernen Gesundheitssystem zur komplementären Behandlung in der Onkologie evidenzbasiert eingesetzt. Die Kampo-Medizin bietet ein großes Spektrum für die Behandlung von Tumorpatienten: Um Symptome durch die Tumorerkrankung selbst mildern, Nebenwirkungen von Chemotherapeutika oder Radiotherapien zu verbessern. Auch postoperative Motilitätsstörungen oder die Opiat-induzierte Koprostase können behandelt werden. Insbesondere in der palliativen Medizin, aber auch bei älteren Patienten, bei denen ein Polypharmazie-­Effekt verhindert werden sollte, leistet die Kampo-Medizin wertvolle Dienste.In diesem Artikel werden wichtige Kampo-Rezepturen für die supportive Tumorbehandlung bei häufigen Indikationen vorgestellt sowie der aktuelle japanische Forschungsstand referiert.
The n-dig-Cyclization (n = 5, 6) of Alkynes Involving Fixation of CO2
Authors: Cheng Jiang , Wang Bingbing , Sun Song 
Published: June 2018

Being an abundant, easily available, and renewable one-carbon source, carbon dioxide has received much attention in organic synthesis. However, carbon dioxide is a thermodynamically inert molecule that is hard to incorporate into useful chemicals. Nevertheless, various elegant methods have been developed for the incorporation of carbon dioxide in a number of heterocycles. In this review, we summarize and update the recent advances in n-dig-cyclization of alkynes involving the fixation of CO2, including the 5-dig- and 6-dig-cyclization of alkynes.1	Introduction2	The 5-dig-Cyclization of Alkynes3	The 6-dig-Cyclization of Alkynes4	Conclusion
Sonoelastographic Features of the Patellar Ligament in Clinically Normal Dogs
Authors: Piccionello Angela , Busoni Valeria , Salvaggio Alberto , Bonazzi Mattia , Bergamino Chiara , Volta Antonella , Serrani Daniele 
Published: June 2018

Objective This article describes the sonoelastographic features of the patellar ligament of sound dogs and tests feasibility, reproducibility and repeatability.
Methods Clinically healthy medium-to-large breed dogs were enrolled. Sonoelastographic images of the patellar ligaments were obtained in lateral recumbency with the stifle flexed by an experienced operator and by a senior veterinary student. The elasticity colour map included red (soft), green (intermediate) and blue (hard). Tissue elasticity was measured by calculating the percentage of softness with dedicated software. Categorical, qualitative data analysis was performed using a weighted kappa statistic for repeatability and reproducibility. A categorical qualitative assessment was performed based on a grading scale of 1 to 5 (soft, mostly soft, intermediate, mostly hard and hard).
Results Fourteen clinically normal dogs were considered. A total of 28 patellar ligaments were examined. Overall, 25 of the patellar ligaments were graded as soft or mostly soft and the remaining 3 as intermediate. Repeatability was 86.2%, with a weighted kappa of 0.64 (good), for the well-trained sonographer and 83.3%, with a weighted kappa of 0.53 (moderate), for the senior student. Reproducibility was 86.2%, with a weighed kappa of 0.65 (good).
Clinical Significance Sonoelastography of the canine patellar ligament is a feasible and reproducible technique. Patellar ligaments in clinically normal dogs showed highly elastic biomechanical properties.
Effect of Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy on Cranial Tibial Subluxation in the Feline Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifle Joint: An Ex Vivo Experimental Study
Authors: Bilmont A. , Retournard M. , Asimus E. , Palierne S. , Autefage A. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives This study evaluated the effects of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy on cranial tibial subluxation and tibial rotation angle in a model of feline cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle joint.
Methods Quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles were simulated with cables, turnbuckles and a spring in an ex vivo limb model. Cranial tibial subluxation and tibial rotation angle were measured radiographically before and after cranial cruciate ligament section, and after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy, at postoperative tibial plateau angles of +5°, 0° and –5°.
Results Cranial tibial subluxation and tibial rotation angle were not significantly altered after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy with a tibial plateau angle of +5°. Additional rotation of the tibial plateau to a tibial plateau angle of 0° and –5° had no significant effect on cranial tibial subluxation and tibial rotation angle, although 2 out of 10 specimens were stabilized by a postoperative tibial plateau angle of –5°. No stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle was observed in this model of the feline stifle, after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.
Clinical Significance Given that stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle was not obtained in this model, simple transposition of the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy technique from the dog to the cat may not be appropriate.
Factor VIII, Protein C and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS)
Authors: Zakai Neil , Judd Suzanne , Kissela Brett , Howard George , Safford Monika , Cushman Mary 
Published: June 2018

Background Haemostatic balance represented by low protein C (PC) and elevated factor VIII (FVIII) has been inconsistently associated with stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
Objective This article assesses whether an elevated FVIII and a low PC would increase cardiovascular risk more than either individually.
Patients and Methods REGARDS recruited 30,239 black and white U.S. participants aged ≥ 45 years between 2003 and 2007. FVIII and PC were measured in a case–cohort sample of 646 stroke, 654 CHD, and a 1,104-person random sample with follow-up for approximately 4.5 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox models adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors.
Results Elevated FVIII (per standard deviation [SD] increase) was associated with increased risk of both stroke (HR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08, 1.46) and CHD (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.29, 1.79), while there was no association of PC per SD decrease. For PC, there was a trend towards increased cardiovascular disease risk in the lowest values (bottom 5%). For stroke, there was no interaction between FVIII and low PC (p
interaction = 0.55). For CHD, the adjusted HR of FVIII per SD increase was significantly greater with PC in the bottom 5% (HR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.39, 8.29) than PC in the upper 95% (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23, 1.71; p
interaction = 0.07).
Conclusion Higher FVIII was associated with both CHD and stroke risk and the risk potentiated by low PC for CHD. Findings demonstrate that risks for cardiovascular diseases conferred by adverse levels of haemostasis biomarkers may be augmented by levels of other biomarkers.
Percutaneous Image-Guided Biopsy of the Spleen
Authors: Tam Alda , Sabir Sharjeel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPercutaneous spleen biopsy has a small but important role in the diagnostic approach to splenic lesions. Nonetheless, there remain concerns about the safety of the procedure, limiting its use despite evidence that splenic biopsy performed with optimum technique has comparable diagnostic yield and safety as other solid organ biopsies. To assure appropriate use of percutaneous image-guided spleen biopsy, we discuss the rationale, technique, and outcomes of the procedure.
Sonographic Estimated Fetal Weight among Diabetics at ≥ 34 Weeks and Composite Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Al-Hafez Leen , Pirics Michael , Chauhan Suneet 
Published: June 2018

Objectives The objective was to assess the composite neonatal morbidity (CNM) among diabetic women with sonographic estimated fetal weight (SEFW) at 10 to 90th versus >90th percentile for gestational age (GA).
Study Design The inclusion criteria for this retrospective study were singleton pregnancies at 34 to 41 weeks, complicated by diabetes, and that had SEFW within 4 weeks of delivery. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Results Among the 140 cohorts that met the inclusion criteria, 72% had SEFW at 10th to 90th percentile for GA, and 28% at >90th percentile. Compared with women with diabetes with last SEFW at 10th to 90th percentile, those with estimate > 90th percentile for GA had a significantly higher rate of CNM (13 vs. 28%; OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.07–6.59). Among 109 diabetic women who labored, the rate of shoulder dystocia was significantly higher with SEFW at >90th percentile for GA than those at 10th to 90th percentile (25 vs. 2%; p = 0.002); the corresponding rate of CNM was 29 versus 10% (p = 0.02).
Conclusion Among diabetic women with SEFW > 90th percentile for GA, CNM was significantly higher than in women with estimate at 10 to 90th percentile. Despite the increased risk of CNM, these newborns did not have long-term morbid sequela.
A Qualitative Analysis of Challenges and Successes in Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening
Authors: Bain Lisa , Kristensen-Cabrera Alexandria , Lee Henry 
Published: June 2018

Objective The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) practice that influence successful retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening.
Study Design In this qualitative study, top, improved, and bottom performing NICUs in the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative were identified based on ROP screening rates and invited to participate. NICU personnel were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. Using thematic analysis, key factors that influence ROP screening were identified.
Results Themes found in top performing hospitals include a commitment to quality improvement, a committed ophthalmologist, and a system of double checks. Improved NICUs had a common theme of utilizing telemedicine for exams and identification of eligible neonates on admission. The bottom performing hospital struggled with education and identification of eligible neonates and a lack of a dedicated ophthalmologist.
Conclusion Structure, culture, education, and commitment all contribute to the success of ROP screening in the NICU.
Szintigrafische Untersuchungen der Leber
Authors: Kirsch Carl-Martin 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungNeben den morphologisch/anatomischen Verfahren hat sich die Szintigrafie der Leber mit ihren vielfältigen Funktionen in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten als sehr hilfreich dargestellt. Die Indikationen, die Methodik und Befundung der nuklearmedizinischen Untersuchungsverfahren haben sich kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt und werden immer noch klinisch eingesetzt. Dieser Artikel versucht einen Überblick über die aktuellen Anwendungen zu vermitteln.
Allometric scaling of estuarine ecosystem metabolism
Authors: Nidzieko Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceCoastal margins host some of the most productive habitats on the planet, yet there is still significant uncertainty about the magnitude of carbon fluxes across the land/ocean interface. Scaling up in situ measurements into whole-ecosystem estimates of how these habitats contribute to global biogeochemical cycling has been hindered by their apparent heterogeneity, complex circulation, and sizes that range from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers. Here, I show that estuarine ecosystem metabolism varies predictably with ecosystem size. The significance of this study is not simply that larger estuaries have lower specific ecosystem metabolism than smaller estuaries, but that this size scaling arises because the residence time of limiting nutrients does not scale isometrically with estuary size.
Multiple generations of grain aggregation in different environments preceded solar system body formation
Authors: Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Bechtel Hans A. , Brownlee Donald E. , Bustillo Karen C. , Ciston James , Cuzzi Jeffrey N. , Floss Christine , Joswiak David J. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The initial solids from which the solar system formed consisted almost entirely of amorphous silicate, carbon, and ices. This dust was mostly destroyed and reworked by processes that led to the formation of planets. Surviving samples of presolar dust are most likely to be preserved in comets, small cold bodies that formed in the outer solar nebula. In interplanetary dust particles originating from comets, we observe organic carbon mantles on subgrains within amorphous-silicate−dominated grains called GEMS (glass with embedded metal and sulfides). Our observations constrain GEMS grain formation to cold and radiation-rich environments, making a compelling case that these exotic grains, unique to a relatively obscure class of extraterrestrial material, are surviving dust from (variable) interstellar environments and thus the original building materials of planetary systems.
SMS texts on corruption help Ugandan voters hold elected councillors accountable at the polls
Authors: Buntaine Mark T. , Jablonski Ryan , Nielson Daniel L. , Pickering Paula M. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Text messages providing salient, nonpartisan, official information on budget corruption prompted Ugandan voters to take the performance of some politicians into account when voting. Holding politicians accountable via elections is a fundamental precursor to effective governance, economic development, and high-quality public services. The results indicate that communication technologies can combine with data on budget management to help voters make better informed choices at the polls and thus have the potential to enhance local electoral accountability by providing information that is difficult for politicians to control and manipulate.