bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of C10‐ and C12‐chain length alkyl analogs of monochamol on attraction of longhorn pine sawyer Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Lee Sung‐Min , Hong Do Kyung , Jang Sei‐Heon , Lee Kyeong‐Yeoll , Lee ChangWoo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aggregation pheromone of Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) beetles, 2‐(undecyloxy) ethanol (hereafter referred to as monochamol), has gained considerable attention because of its usefulness in monitoring and population control of pine sawyer beetles. The hydroxyether structural motif is conserved in pheromones of the subfamily Lamiinae of the Cerambycidae. In this study, we investigated the effects of C10‐ and C12‐chain length alkyl analogs of monochamol, 2‐(decyloxy) ethanol and 2‐(dodecyloxy) ethanol, on attracting M. saltuairus in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk‐do, Korea. The C10 and C12 analogs attracted M. saltuarius when used in combination with α‐pinene and ethanol, but the responses of these alkyl chain analogs were lower than those of monochamol. Furthermore, the addition of either C10 or C12 analog to the use of monochamol with α‐pinene and ethanol had no effect on attraction of M. saltuarius, indicating high sensitivity of M. saltuarius to monochanol. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that chemical communication within a Monochamus species depends not only on monochamol, but also on other semiochemicals.
Comparison of environmental DNA and bulk‐sample metabarcoding using highly degenerate cytochrome c oxidase I primers
Authors: Macher Jan‐Niklas , Vivancos Aurelién , Piggott Jeremy J. , Centeno Fernanda C. , Matthaei Christoph D. , Leese Florian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFreshwater biodiversity provides important ecosystem services and is at the core of water quality monitoring worldwide. To assess freshwater biodiversity, genetic methods such as metabarcoding are increasingly used as they are faster and allow better taxonomic resolution than manual identification methods. Either sampled organisms are used directly for “bulk metabarcoding,” or water is filtered and the extracted environmental DNA serves as a proxy for biodiversity via “eDNA metabarcoding.” Despite the advantages of both methods, questions remain regarding their comparability and applicability for routine biomonitoring and stressor impact assessment. Therefore, we compared metabarcoding results from bulk and eDNA samples taken from 19 streams spanning a wide gradient of farming intensities in New Zealand. We performed PCR with highly degenerate cytochrome c oxidase I primers and sequenced libraries on an Illumina MiSeq. The inferred community composition differed strongly between the two methods. More taxa were captured by eDNA than bulk‐sample metabarcoding (5,819 vs. 1,483), but more of the commonly used invertebrate bioindicator taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies) were found in bulk (47) than eDNA samples (37). Catchment‐wide and local land use impacts on communities were detected better by eDNA metabarcoding, especially for non‐metazoan taxa. Our findings imply that bulk‐sample metabarcoding resembles classical freshwater biomonitoring approaches better, as more indicator macroinvertebrate taxa are captured. However, eDNA metabarcoding might be better suited to infer the impact of stressors on stream ecosystems at larger scales, as many new and potentially more informative taxa are registered. We therefore suggest exploring both methods in future assessments of stream biodiversity.
Trade Agreements, Regulatory Institutions and Services Liberalization
Authors: Fiorini Matteo , Hoekman Bernard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany agreements to liberalize trade in services tend to be limited in scope. This is a puzzle considering the high share of services in total employment and value added and relatively high barriers to trade in services in many countries. In this paper we argue that neglected complementarities between services trade policies and domestic regulation may help to understand the limited ambition on services observed in many trade agreements. We show that the productivity effects of services trade liberalization are conditional on regulatory quality. Our findings suggest that greater effort to design trade agreements with a view to improving regulatory quality may be a necessary condition for deepening the services coverage of trade agreements and will enhance the welfare gains from services trade liberalization.
The Client as a Source of Institutional Conformity for Commitments to Core Values in the Auditing Profession*
Authors: Carrington Thomas , Johansson Tobias , Johed Gustav , Öhman Peter 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBased on an analysis of questionnaire data from a large sample of certified auditors, we examine how the main type of client being served influences auditor conformity to the core values of their profession. We contrast auditors of (primarily) listed companies with auditors of (primarily) single member companies, that is, limited liability companies with a single owner who typically is also the only employee of the company. We show that these two groups of auditors differ in the extent to which they hold certain values important (i.e., show compliance) and in the closeness with which these values are held within each group of auditors (i.e., show convergence). Our results also demonstrate that the type of client predominantly served by an auditor is relevant for explaining variation in professional values both within and between organizational contexts. In addition, we offer a new theoretical approach to classifying auditors and analyzing their commitment to core values of the profession. We analyze commitment to values via both compliance and convergence, two often overlooked aspects of conformity to value commitments in professions.
Factor structure and internal consistency of a Swedish version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale
Authors: Kemani Mike K. , Grimby‐Ekman Anna , Lundgren Jesper , Sullivan Michael , Lundberg Mari 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundPain catastrophizing is highly relevant to assess in the context of long‐standing pain. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a well‐established questionnaire used to measure catastrophizing in individuals with long‐standing pain. So far, no Swedish translation has been evaluated in regard to validity and reliability. The aims of this study were to translate the PCS questionnaire from English to Swedish, and to investigate its construct validity (face, content, and structural validity) and reliability (internal consistency).MethodsWe translated the original English version of the PCS to Swedish and collected item responses from 194 persons suffering from primarily long‐standing musculoskeletal pain. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate structural validity, and tested the model fit of a one‐factor model, an oblique two‐factor model, and an oblique three‐factor model. We evaluated the measure's reliability in regard to internal consistency calculated with Cronbach's alpha.ResultsA three‐factor model comprising a four‐item rumination factor, a three‐item magnification factor, and a six‐item helplessness factor provided the best fit to the data. Internal consistency was adequate and Cronbach's α was 0.92 for the entire scale, 0.84 for the rumination subscale; 0.69 for the magnification subscale, and 0.89 for the helplessness subscale.ConclusionsThe results indicated adequacy of a three‐factor solution and the questionnaire's internal consistency, and provide initial support for the structural validity and internal consistency of a Swedish version of the PCS. Future studies should replicate the study in larger samples and extend the current evaluation in regard to validity and reliability.
Optimal PEEP during one‐lung ventilation with capnothorax: An experimental study
Authors: Reinius Henrik , Borges Joao Batista , Engström Joakim , Ahlgren Oskar , Lennmyr Fredrik , Larsson Anders , Fredén Filip 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne‐lung ventilation (OLV) with induced capnothorax carries the risk of severely impaired ventilation and circulation. Optimal PEEP may mitigate the physiological perturbations during these conditions.MethodsRight‐sided OLV with capnothorax (16 cm H2O) on the left side was initiated in eight anesthetized, muscle‐relaxed piglets. A recruitment maneuver and a decremental PEEP titration from PEEP 20 cm H2O to zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) was performed. Regional ventilation and perfusion were studied with electrical impedance tomography and computer tomography of the chest was used. End‐expiratory lung volume and hemodynamics were recorded and.ResultsPaO2 peaked at PEEP 12 cm H2O (49 ± 14 kPa) and decreased to 11 ± 5 kPa at ZEEP (P < 0.001). PaCO2 was 9.5 ± 1.3 kPa at 20 cm H2O PEEP and did not change when PEEP step‐wise was reduced to 12 cm H2O PaCO2. At lower PEEP, PaCO2 increased markedly. The ventilatory driving pressure was lowest at PEEP 14 cm H2O (19.6 ± 5.8 cm H2O) and increased to 38.3 ± 6.1 cm H2O at ZEEP (P < 0.001). When reducing PEEP below 12‐14 cm H2O ventilation shifted from the dependent to the nondependent regions of the ventilated lung (P = 0.003), and perfusion shifted from the ventilated to the nonventilated lung (P = 0.02).ConclusionOptimal PEEP was 12‐18 cm H2O and probably relates to capnothorax insufflation pressure. With suboptimal PEEP, ventilation/perfusion mismatch in the ventilated lung and redistribution of blood flow to the nonventilated lung occurred.
How should we set consumption thresholds for low risk drinking guidelines? Achieving objectivity and transparency using evidence, expert judgement and pragmatism
Authors: Holmes John , Angus Colin , Meier Petra S. , Buykx Penny , Brennan Alan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMost high‐income nations issue guidelines on low‐risk drinking to inform individuals’ decisions about alcohol consumption. However, leading scientists have criticized the processes for setting the consumption thresholds within these guidelines for a lack of objectivity and transparency. This paper examines how guideline developers should respond to such criticisms and focuses particularly on the balance between epidemiological evidence, expert judgement and pragmatic considerations. Although concerned primarily with alcohol, our discussion is also relevant to those developing guidelines for other health‐related behaviours. We make eight recommendations across three areas. First, recommendations on the use of epidemiological evidence: (1) guideline developers should assess whether the available epidemiological evidence is communicated most appropriately as population‐level messages (e.g. suggesting reduced drinking benefits populations rather than individuals); (2) research funders should prioritize commissioning studies on the acceptability of different alcohol‐related risks (e.g. mortality, morbidity, harms to others) to the public and other stakeholders; and (3) guideline developers should request and consider statistical analyses of epidemiological uncertainty. Secondly, recommendations to improve objectivity and transparency when translating epidemiological evidence into guidelines: (4) guideline developers should specify and publish their analytical framework to promote clear, consistent and coherent judgements; and (5) guideline developers’ decision‐making should be supported by numerical and visual techniques which also increase the transparency of judgements to stakeholders. Thirdly, recommendations relating to the diverse use of guidelines: (6) guideline developers and their commissioners should give meaningful attention to how guidelines are used in settings such as advocacy, health promotion, clinical practice and wider health debates, as well as in risk communication; (7) guideline developers should make evidence‐based judgements that balance epidemiological and pragmatic concerns to maximize the communicability, credibility and general effectiveness of guidelines; and (8) as with scientific judgements, pragmatic judgements should be reported transparently.
Naloxone distribution and possession following a large‐scale naloxone programme
Authors: Madah‐Amiri Desiree , Gjersing Linn , Clausen Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine uptake following a large‐scale naloxone programme by estimating distribution rates since programme initiation and the proportion among a sample of high‐risk individuals who had attended naloxone training, currently possessed or had used naloxone. We also estimated the likelihood of naloxone possession and use as a function of programme duration, individual descriptive and substance use indicators.Design(1) Distribution data (June 2014–August 2017) and date of implementation for each city and (2) a cross‐sectional study among a sample of illicit substance users interviewed September 2017.SettingSeven Norwegian cities.ParticipantsA total of 497 recruited users of illegal opioids and/or central stimulants.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes: naloxone possession and use. Random‐intercepts logistic regression models (covariates: male, age, homelessness/shelter use, overdose, incarceration, opioid maintenance treatment, income sources, substance use indicators, programme duration).FindingsOverall, 4631 naloxone nasal sprays were distributed in the two pilot cities, with a cumulative rate of 495 per 100 000 population. In the same two cities, among high‐risk individuals, 44% and 62% reported current naloxone possession. The possession rates of naloxone corresponded well to the duration of each participating city's distribution programme. Overall, in the six distributing cities, 58% reported naloxone training, 43% current possession and 15% naloxone use. The significant indicators for possession were programme duration [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI = 0.82–2.37], female gender (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.20–3.24) and drug‐dealing (aOR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.42–3.93). The significant indicators for naloxone use were programme duration (aOR = 1.49 95%, CI = 1.15–1.92), homelessness/shelter use (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.02–4.17), opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.13–3.78), drug‐dealing (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.27–4.54) and heroin injecting (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.04–4.38).ConclusionsA large‐scale naloxone programme in seven Norwegian cities with a cumulative distribution rate of 495 per 100 000 population indicated good saturation in a sample of high‐risk individuals, with programme duration in each city as an important indicator for naloxone possession and use.
External invasive resorption: Possible coexisting factors and demographic and clinical characteristics
Authors: Shemesh Avi , Levin Avi , Ben Itzhak Joe , Brosh Yair , Braverman Evgeny , Batashvili Gabriel , Solomonov Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the coexisting factors for EIR and to characterise EIR clinically and demographically. All cases of EIR that were referred to the endodontic department between 2011 to 2016 and diagnosed by an endodontist were evaluated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and evaluated. Thirty‐eight cases of EIR diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 were included in the study. Seventy‐one percent of EIR cases were misdiagnosed by general practitioners. The most affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (29% of cases) and mandibular molars (26%). Sixty‐eight percent of EIR cases were diagnosed in teeth with clinically normal pulp. Pulp necrosis was observed mainly in the advanced stages (class 3 and class 4) of EIR (75%) and in teeth with a history of trauma (63%). Histories of previous trauma and orthodontic treatment were reported in 29% and 23% of cases, respectively.
FAAH variant Pro129Thr modulates subjective effects produced by cocaine administration
Authors: Patel Marguerite M. , Nielsen David A. , Kosten Thomas R. , De La Garza Richard , Newton Thomas F. , Verrico Christopher D. 
Published: August 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA), an agonist at type‐1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors, is metabolized by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). The common variant rs324420 C‐>A within the FAAH gene on chromosome 1 codes for a missense substitution (Pro129Thr), resulting in decreased FAAH activity and increased endocannabinoid potentiation. This FAAH variant has been linked to alterations in mood and stress reactivity, as well as being independently linked to increased risk for addiction. We hypothesized that cocaine use disordered (CUD) participants with the FAAH Pro129 Thr variant would exhibit a distinct profile of cocaine‐induced subjective effects in the laboratory.MethodsA total of 70 CUD participants received intravenous doses of saline (placebo, 0 mg) and cocaine (20, 40 mg) in a lab‐controlled setting and rated 10 subjective effect measures prior to and following saline and cocaine administration, using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).ResultsThe variant allele was associated with increased cocaine‐induced subjective ratings for “Drug Effect,” “High,” and “Depressed.” The prevalence of the variant allele A and the AA genotypes were greater in our CUD group than in the general population (A allele: 47% vs. 34%; AA genotype: 30% vs. 13%; p < .05). Finally, the reported amount and frequency of tobacco and cocaine use was higher in subjects with the AC/AA allele.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThese results add to existing evidence that this variant of the FAAH genotype may be over‐represented among those who have CUD, and this over‐representation may result from greater subjective responses to cocaine administration. (Am J Addict 2018;27:567–573)
The magic of guns:
Authors: KIVLAND CHELSEY L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWhen urban Haitians recounted stories of gun violence, they infused the gun with transformative effects on subjectivity and agency. Touching a gun was said to magically change people and what they were capable of in the world. The magic of the gun was predicated on its ability to provide “scripts” for violent ways of being and acting in the world. These gun stories inspire a novel theorization of the gun as a scriptive technology. The gun's technological design and how it has been used in previous scenarios of political authority and violence lead people to act and be recognized as chèfs (chiefs), a model of black masculine popular sovereignty born in the life worlds of young men on the margins of Port‐au‐Prince. [guns, magic, violence, technology, performativity, human‐gun composite, Haiti]
Dancing the Word:
Authors: ELISHA OMRI 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPraise dance is a Christian movement genre, popular among churchgoing women of color in the United States, characterized by the use of interpretive dances as vehicles of liturgical worship, testimony, and evangelism. Combining spiritual and artistic disciplines, including techniques derived from ballet and modern dance, black female praise dancers embody the gospel and cultivate religious authority in ways that reinforce orthodox norms while elevating creative skills and aesthetic sensibilities normally found outside the purview of religious tradition. Such efforts, and the challenges and opportunities they entail, demonstrate how the movement of cultural forms between secular and religious domains influences ritual innovations and the terms in which they are authorized. They also show how gendered conceptions of embodiment and power may be reimagined.
Up or down? A randomized trial comparing image orientations during transvaginal ultrasound training
Authors: Taksøe‐Vester Caroline , Dreisler Eva , Andreasen Lisbeth A. , Dyre Liv , Ringsted Charlotte , Tabor Ann , Tolsgaard Martin G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere is no international consensus on the orientation of transvaginal ultrasound images and no evidence exists to support the superiority of one image orientation over the other. The aim of this study was to compare learning curves and skills transfer in a group of novices randomized to top‐down or bottom‐up image orientation, and to determine whether individual preferences for image orientation affect learning and skills transfer.Material and methods60 senior medical students, with no prior ultrasound experience, were randomized to orient the image top‐down or bottom‐up during training on an ultrasound simulator until attaining expert levels of performance. Participants then completed a transfer test involving a systematic ultrasound examination on a physical mannequin using real ultrasound equipment. Performance was assessed during the transfer test by two independent raters using the objective structured assessment of ultrasound skills (OSAUS) score and a global rating score.ResultsThe bottom‐up group reached the expert level with significantly fewer attempts than did the top‐down group [median ± interquartile range: 4 ± 2 vs 5 ± 3] (U = 285.5, P = 0.014). The bottom‐up group used less time to achieve the expert level (median ± interquartile range: 3 h 2 m ± 1 h 14 m vs 3 h 28 m ± 2 h 21 m) (U = 301.5, P = 0.029). The two groups performed similarly during the transfer test with respect to their OSAUS scores (top‐down 56.7% vs bottom‐up 53.2%, P = 0.13). The global rating scores were higher in the top‐down group (top‐down 57.1% vs bottom‐up 50.0%, P = 0.02).ConclusionsOrientation of the images bottom‐up rather than top‐down, led to a steeper learning curve, but had little or no impact on the subsequent transfer of skills.
Fluid Dynamics in the HeartMate 3: Influence of the Artificial Pulse Feature and Residual Cardiac Pulsation
Authors: Wiegmann Lena , Thamsen Bente , de Zélicourt Diane , Granegger Marcus , Boës Stefan , Schmid Daners Marianne , Meboldt Mirko , Kurtcuoglu Vartan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVentricular assist devices (VADs), among which the HeartMate 3 (HM3) is the latest clinically approved representative, are often the therapy of choice for patients with end‐stage heart failure. Despite advances in the prevention of pump thrombosis, rates of stroke and bleeding remain high. These complications are attributed to the flow field within the VAD, among other factors. One of the HM3’s characteristic features is an artificial pulse that changes the rotor speed periodically by 4000 rpm, which is meant to reduce zones of recirculation and stasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of this speed modulation on the flow fields and stresses using high‐resolution computational fluid dynamics. To this end, we compared Eulerian and Lagrangian features of the flow fields during constant pump operation, during operation with the artificial pulse feature, and with the effect of the residual native cardiac cycle. We observed good washout in all investigated situations, which may explain the low incidence rates of pump thrombosis. The artificial pulse had no additional benefit on scalar washout performance, but it induced rapid variations in the flow velocity and its gradients. This may be relevant for the removal of deposits in the pump. Overall, we found that viscous stresses in the HM3 were lower than in other current VADs. However, the artificial pulse substantially increased turbulence, and thereby also total stresses, which may contribute to clinically observed issues related to hemocompatibility.