bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus and varicella zoster virus infection and risk of atopy: The Born in Bradford cohort, UK
Authors: Pembrey Lucy , Waiblinger Dagmar , Griffiths Paul , Wright John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of allergic diseases has increased in recent decades, but the causes remain unclear. Changes in the epidemiology of childhood infections could have contributed, but the current evidence is inconclusive. This study aims to investigate whether age at cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is associated with the development of atopy.MethodsA total of 2559 children were enrolled in the Born in Bradford Allergy and Infection Study. Serum samples collected at 12 and 24 months were tested for CMV‐IgG, EBV‐IgG and VZV‐IgG for 1000 children to establish age at infection. Skin prick testing (SPT) was conducted at age 4 years.ResultsSerology and SPT results were available for 740 children. Of these, 135 (18%) were atopic. In girls, there was a strong association of CMV infection in the second year with increased odds of atopy (adjusted OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.87‐10.29) but this was not observed in boys. Age at EBV or VZV infection was not associated with risk of atopy in unadjusted analysis, but there was effect modification by sex; girls infected with VZV in the second year of life had increased odds of atopy (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.29‐6.30).ConclusionsOur results highlight potential sex‐specific effects of age at CMV infection and age at VZV infection on risk of atopy, which provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the development of atopy.
Correlates of Intimate Partner Homicide among Male Suicide Decedents with Known Intimate Partner Problems
Authors: Logan Joseph E. , Ertl Allison , Bossarte Robert 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveIntimate partner (IP) problems are risk factors for suicide among men. However, there is little understanding of why some male suicide decedents who had such problems killed their partners before death (i.e., “IP homicide‐suicide”), while most of these decedents did not. To inform prevention efforts, this study identified correlates of IP homicide among male suicide decedents with known IP problems.MethodsWe examined IP homicide correlates among male suicide decedents aged 18+ years who had known IP problems using 2003–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System data. Prevalence odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated for demographic, incident, and circumstance variables. IP homicide‐suicide narratives were examined to identify additional prevention opportunities.ResultsAn estimated 1,504 (5.0%) of 30,259 male suicide decedents who had IP problems killed their partner. IP homicide‐suicide perpetration was positively correlated with suicide by firearm and precipitating civil legal problems but negatively correlated with mental health/substance abuse treatment. An estimated 33.7% of IP homicide‐suicides occurred during a breakup; 21.9% of IP homicide‐suicide perpetrators had domestic violence histories.ConclusionsConnections between the criminal justice and mental health systems as well as stronger enforcement of laws prohibiting firearm possession among domestic violence offenders may prevent IP homicide‐suicides.
When punishment is emotion‐driven: Children's, adolescents', and adults' costly punishment of unfair allocations
Authors: Gummerum Michaela , López‐Pérez Belén , Van Dijk Eric , Van Dillen Lotte F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen do children, adolescents, and adults decide to punish fairness violations? Two studies with 9‐year‐old children, 13‐year‐old adolescents, and adults investigated whether the link between unfairness and punishment was mediated by negative emotional reactions (measured through galvanic skin responses and emotion ratings). Study 1 (N = 117) examined this question in the context of second‐party punishment, where the punisher is a direct victim of the violation. Study 2 (N = 119) assessed third‐party punishment, where the punisher is an observer, unaffected by the violation. In each study, participants were presented with seven distributions of points, which differed in how fairly the points were allocated between a proposer and receiver, and had to decide whether to punish these distributions. Although the unfairness of the distribution strongly influenced second‐ and third‐party punishment in all age groups, the mediating role of emotional appraisals (i.e., galvanic skin responses vs. emotion ratings) depended on whether or not the punisher was personally affected by the violation and age. Thus, negative emotions primarily motivate costly punishment when the punisher is affected by the violation or when an unaffected third‐party punisher takes the perspective of the victim of a violation, an ability that develops between childhood and adolescence.
Impact of cold storage on platelets treated with Intercept pathogen inactivation
Authors: Six Katrijn R. , Devloo Rosalie , Compernolle Veerle , Feys Hendrik B. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDPathogen inactivation and cold or cryopreservation of platelets (PLTs) both significantly affect PLT function. It is not known how PLTs function when both are combined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSStandard PLT concentrates (PCs) were compared to pathogen‐inactivated PCs treated with amotosalen photochemical treatment (AS‐PCT) when stored at room (RT, 22°C), cold (4°C, n = 6), or cryopreservation (−80°C, n = 8) temperatures. The impact of alternative storage methods on both arms was studied in flow cytometry, light transmittance aggregometry, and hemostasis in collagen‐coated microfluidic flow chambers.RESULTSPlatelet aggregation of cold‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs was 44% ± 11% compared to 57% ± 14% for cold‐stored standard PLTs and 58% ± 21% for RT‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs. Integrin activation of cold‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs was 53% ± 9% compared to 77% ± 6% for cold‐stored standard PLTs and 69% ± 13% for RT‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs. Coagulation of cold‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs started faster under flow (836 ± 140 sec) compared to cold‐stored standard PLTs (960 ± 192 sec) and RT‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs (1134 ± 220 sec). Fibrin formation rate under flow was also highest for cold‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs. This was in line with thrombin generation in static conditions because cold‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs generated 297 ± 47 nmol/L thrombin compared to 159 ± 33 nmol/L for cold‐stored standard PLTs and 83 ± 25 nmol/L for RT‐stored AS‐PCT PLTs. So despite decreased PLT activation and aggregation, cold storage of AS‐PCT PLTs promoted coagulation. PLT aggregation of cryopreserved AS‐PCT PLTs (23% ± 10%) was not significantly different from cryopreserved standard PLTs (25% ± 8%).CONCLUSIONThis study shows that cold storage of AS‐PCT PLTs further affects PLT activation and aggregation but promotes (pro)coagulation. Increased procoagulation was not observed after cryopreservation.
Can Hyperoxic Preconditioning in Normobaric Hypoxia (3500 m) Improve All-Out Exercise Performance in Highly Skilled Skiers? A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Morawetz David , Dünnwald Tobias , Faulhaber Martin , Gatterer Hannes , Höllrigl Lukas , Raschner Christian , Schobersberger Wolfgang 
Published: June 2019

Background: The altering effects of hypoxia on aerobic/anaerobic performance are well documented and form the basis of this study. Application of hyperoxic gases (inspiratory fraction of oxygen [FiO2] > 0.2095) prior to competition or training (hyperoxic preconditioning) can compensate for the negative influence of acute hypoxia. Purpose: To investigate whether oxygen supplementation immediately prior to exercise (FiO2 = 1.0) improves all-out exercise performance in normobaric hypoxia (3500 m) in highly skilled skiers. Methods: In this single-blind, randomized, crossover study, 17 subjects performed a 60-second constant-load, all-out test in a normobaric hypoxic chamber. After a short period of adaptation to hypoxia (60 min), they received either pure oxygen or chamber air for 5 minutes prior to the all-out test (hyperoxic preconditioning vs nonhyperoxic preconditioning). Capillary blood was collected 3 times, and muscle oxygenation was assessed with near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: Absolute and relative peak power (P = .073 vs P = .103) as well as mean power (P = .330 vs P = .569) did not significantly differ after the hyperoxic preconditioning phase. PaO2 increased from 51.3 (3) to 451.9 (89.0) mm Hg, and SaO2 increased from 88.2% (1.7%) to 100% (0.2%) and dropped to 83.8% (4.2%) after the all-out test. Deoxygenation (P = .700) and reoxygenation rates (P = .185) did not significantly differ for both preconditioned settings. Conclusions: Therefore, the authors conclude that hyperoxic preconditioning did not enhance 60-second all-out exercise performance in acute hypoxia (3500 m).
Effects of Postactivation Potentiation on Tennis Serve Velocity and Accuracy
Authors: Terraza-Rebollo Manuel , Baiget Ernest 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To examine the postactivation potentiation effect on serve velocity and accuracy in young competition tennis players using complex training, and comparing different upper and lower body heavy-load resistance exercises (HLRE). Methods: Fifteen competition tennis players (9 boys and 6 girls; age 15.6 [1.5] y) performed 1 control session and 3 experimental sessions using HLRE in a crossover randomized design: (1) bench press, (2) half squat, (3) bench press plus half squat, and (4) control trial. HLRE were performed by accomplishing 3 sets of 3 repetitions when bench press or half squat conditions were performed and 2 sets of 3 repetitions of each exercise when bench press plus half squat condition was performed at 80% 1-repetition maximum, lifting the load at maximum speed. To assess the serve velocity and accuracy, all participants performed 32 flat serves after the HLRE, divided into 4 sets of 8 serves (0, 5, 10, and 15 min postexercise), resting 20 seconds between serves, and 2 minutes and 40 seconds between sets. Results: There were no significant (P > .05) differences in ball velocity and accuracy following each recovery time and exercise, compared with the basal situation. Conclusions: These results suggest that complex training using HLRE is not a useful method for eliciting the postactivation potentiation effect in tennis serve and does not have any effect in serve accuracy in young competition tennis players.
Effects of an Interdisciplinary Approach Integrating Mathematics and Physical Education on Mathematical Learning and Physical Activity Levels
Authors: Cecchini Jose A. , Carriedo Alejandro 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: New ways of teaching have been under consideration over the last decade. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of an interdisciplinary educational approach integrating physical education and mathematics on light and moderate–vigorous physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and learning subtraction. Method: Forty-six first-grade students (Mage = 76.98 ± 3.74 months) wore an accelerometer for 4 weeks to measure their PA levels. For 3 weeks, one group (n = 23) attended their physical education and mathematic lessons separately according to the traditional curriculum development (i.e., regular classroom lessons), and the other group (n = 23) was taught through an integrated curriculum based on an interdisciplinary approach integrating physical education and mathematics where the curricular time devoted to these subjects was unified. Results: Several t-test analyses revealed significant between-group differences in all variables following the curricular interventions. Students from the interdisciplinary group reached higher levels of light PA, t(44) = −10.095, p < .001, d = 2.97; moderate–vigorous PA, t(44) = −7.950, p < .001, d = 2.35; and spent less time in sedentary behavior, t(44) = 13.549, p < .001, d = 4.01, than students who attended regular classroom lessons. Moreover, the students from the interdisciplinary group achieved higher scores in subtraction learning, t(44) = −4.06, p < .001, d = 1.20. Discussion/Conclusion: The integration of PA into learning environments such as mathematics might help to develop tools that improve mathematical learnings (i.e., subtraction). Likewise, this kind of interdisciplinary approach may contribute to increase the children’s PA levels during the school day.
Magnetic polarity stratigraphy, provenance, and paleoclimate analysis of Cenozoic strata in the Qaidam Basin, NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Nie Junsheng , Ren Xueping , Saylor Joel E. , Su Qingda , Horton Brian K. , Bush Meredith A. , Chen Wenhan , Pfaff Katharina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe growth and deformation history of the Qilian-Nan Shan thrust belt bounding the NE Qaidam Basin figures importantly in testing models of Tibetan Plateau uplift during the India-Asia collision. However, debate exists about the onset of uplift and exhumation of the Qilian-Nan Shan, with timing estimates ranging from early Paleocene to late Miocene. Here we report integrated analyses of magnetostratigraphy, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, sediment provenance, and paleoclimate (using environmental magnetic parameters) for Cenozoic fluvio-lacustrine strata from the Dahonggou section south of the Qilian-Nan Shan. The results are interpreted to demonstrate an early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma) onset of sediment accumulation in this location, with clastic sediment derived initially from the southern Qimen Tagh highland. The sediment source then switched to the northern part of the Qilian Shan region after ca. 18.5 Ma, consistent with initial uplift and exhumation of the Qilian Shan. Thereafter, two additional provenance shifts reveal progressive southward propagation of deformation in the Qilian-Nan Shan. As a result of this southward growth of Qilian-Nan Shan topography, precipitation increased after ca. 11 Ma at the study site due to orographic interception of moisture from the south. This work improves our understanding of the depositional age, sediment provenance, and paleoclimate history of the Qaidam Basin and reveals a prolonged history of Qilian-Nan Shan deformation and uplift, which may have accelerated during the late Miocene.
Glucocorticoid withdrawal in systemic lupus erythematosus: are remission and low disease activity reliable starting points for stopping treatment? A real-life experience
Authors: Tani Chiara , Elefante Elena , Signorini Viola , Zucchi Dina , Lorenzoni Valentina , Carli Linda , Stagnaro Chiara , Ferro Francesco , Mosca Marta 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the proportion of patients who have successfully withdrawn glucocorticoids (GCs) in a longitudinal cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over a period of 6 years; to evaluate patient characteristics during GC withdrawal in relation to existing definitions of remission and Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS); and to evaluate the occurrence of flares after GC withdrawal.MethodsPatients who attempted GC withdrawal were identified for the cohort, and the following information was assessed during withdrawal attempts: date of last disease flare, disease activity and damage and ongoing treatment. Information regarding the occurrence of disease flares after GC withdrawal was also recorded for patients who successfully stopped treatment.Definitions of remission were applied to GC withdrawal in line with European consensus criteria (Definitions of remission in SLE [DORIS]) and LLDAS in line with the Asian Pacific Lupus Consortium definition.Results148 patients were involved in the study; GC withdrawal was attempted in 91 patients (61.5%) with 77 patients (84.6%) successfully stopping GCs. At the beginning of the GC reduction, the majority of patients were in complete or clinical remission (48.9% and 39.6%, respectively). Disease activity was significantly lower in patients who successfully stopped GCs, and the proportion of patients in complete remission was higher (54.2%) with respect to patients who failed in their attempt. Among patients who stopped GCs, 18 flares were recorded after a median of 1 year. The time period since the last flare was shorter in patients who experienced flares with respect to patients who did not flare (mean 0.93 years vs 6.0, p<0.001).ConclusionsGC withdrawal is an achievable goal in SLE and may be attempted after a long-term remission or LLDAS to protect the patient from disease flares.
Colonic afferent input and dorsal horn neuron activation differs between the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord
Authors: Harrington Andrea M. , Caraballo Sonia Garcia , Maddern Jessica E. , Grundy Luke , Castro Joel , Brierley Stuart M. 
Published: June 2019

The distal colon is innervated by the splanchnic and pelvic nerves, which relay into the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord, respectively. Although the peripheral properties of the colonic afferent nerves within these pathways are well studied, their input into the spinal cord remain ill defined. The use of dual retrograde tracing from the colon wall and lumen, in conjunction with in vivo colorectal distension and spinal neuronal activation labeling with phosphorylated MAPK ERK 1/2 (pERK), allowed us to identify thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord circuits processing colonic afferent input. In the thoracolumbar dorsal horn, central projections of colonic afferents were primarily labeled from the wall of the colon and localized in laminae I and V. In contrast, lumbosacral projections were identified from both lumen and wall tracing, present within various dorsal horn laminae, collateral tracts, and the dorsal gray commissure. Nonnoxious in vivo colorectal distension evoked significant neuronal activation (pERK-immunoreactivity) within the lumbosacral dorsal horn but not in thoracolumbar regions. However, noxious in vivo colorectal distension evoked significant neuronal activation in both the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral dorsal horn, with the distribution of activated neurons correlating to the pattern of traced projections. Dorsal horn neurons activated by colorectal distension were identified as possible populations of projection neurons or excitatory and inhibitory interneurons based on their neurochemistry. Our findings demonstrate how colonic afferents in splanchnic and pelvic pathways differentially relay mechanosensory information into the spinal cord and contribute to the recruitment of spinal cord pathways processing non-noxious and noxious stimuli. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In mice, retrograde tracing from the colon wall and lumen was used to identify unique populations of afferent neurons and central projections within the spinal cord dorsal horn. We show that there are pronounced differences between the spinal cord regions in the distribution pattern of colonic afferent central projections and the pattern of dorsal horn neuron activation evoked by colorectal distension. These findings demonstrate how colonic afferent input influences spinal processing of colonic mechanosensation.
Retinoblastoma Inactivation Induces a Protumoral Microenvironment via Enhanced CCL2 Secretion
Authors: Li Fengkai , Kitajima Shunsuke , Kohno Susumu , Yoshida Akiyo , Tange Shoichiro , Sasaki Soichiro , Okada Nobuhiro , Nishimoto Yuuki , Muranaka Hayato , Nagatani Naoko , Suzuki Misa , Masuda Sayuri , Thai Tran C. , Nishiuchi Takumi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Barbie David A. , Mukaida Naofumi , Takahashi Chiaki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Cancer cell–intrinsic properties caused by oncogenic mutations have been well characterized; however, how specific oncogenes and tumor suppressors impact the tumor microenvironment (TME) is not well understood. Here, we present a novel non–cell-autonomous function of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor in controlling the TME. RB inactivation stimulated tumor growth and neoangiogenesis in a syngeneic and orthotropic murine soft-tissue sarcoma model, which was associated with recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and immunosuppressive cells such as Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg). Gene expression profiling and analysis of genetically engineered mouse models revealed that RB inactivation increased secretion of the chemoattractant CCL2. Furthermore, activation of the CCL2–CCR2 axis in the TME promoted tumor angiogenesis and recruitment of TAMs and MDSCs into the TME in several tumor types including sarcoma and breast cancer. Loss of RB increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by activating AMP-activated protein kinase that led to inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which suppresses FAO. This promoted mitochondrial superoxide production and JNK activation, which enhanced CCL2 expression. These findings indicate that the CCL2–CCR2 axis could be an effective therapeutic target in RB-deficient tumors.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate the cell-nonautonomous role of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma in the tumor microenvironment, linking retinoblastoma loss to immunosuppression.
Tumor Angiogenesis Is Differentially Regulated by Phosphorylation of Endothelial Cell Focal Adhesion Kinase Tyrosines-397 and -861
Authors: Pedrosa Ana-Rita , Bodrug Natalia , Gomez-Escudero Jesus , Carter Edward P. , Reynolds Louise E. , Georgiou Paraskivi Natalia , Fernandez Isabelle , Lees Delphine M. , Kostourou Vassiliki , Alexopoulou Annika N. , Batista Silvia , Tavora Bernardo , Serrels Bryan , Parsons Maddy , Iskratsch Thomas , Hodivala-Dilke Kairbaan M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in endothelial cells (EC) is essential for angiogenesis, but how FAK phosphorylation at tyrosine-(Y)397 and Y861 regulate tumor angiogenesis in vivo is unknown. Here, we show that tumor growth and angiogenesis are constitutively reduced in inducible, ECCre+;FAKY397F/Y397F–mutant mice. Conversely, ECCre+;FAKY861F/Y861F mice exhibit normal tumor growth with an initial reduction in angiogenesis that recovered in end-stage tumors. Mechanistically, FAK-Y397F ECs exhibit increased Tie2 expression, reduced Vegfr2 expression, decreased β1 integrin activation, and disrupted downstream FAK/Src/PI3K(p55)/Akt signaling. In contrast, FAK-Y861F ECs showed decreased Vegfr2 and Tie2 expression with an enhancement in β1 integrin activation. This corresponds with a decrease in Vegfa–stimulated response, but an increase in Vegfa+Ang2- or conditioned medium from tumor cell–stimulated cellular/angiogenic responses, mimicking responses in end-stage tumors with elevated Ang2 levels. Mechanistically, FAK-Y861F, but not FAK-Y397F ECs showed enhanced p190RhoGEF/P130Cas-dependent signaling that is required for the elevated responses to Vegfa+Ang2. This study establishes the differential requirements of EC-FAK-Y397 and EC-FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in the regulation of EC signaling and tumor angiogenesis in vivo.

Significance:
Distinct motifs of the focal adhesion kinase differentially regulate tumor blood vessel formation and remodeling.