bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Methodological Quality of Short-Term/Working Memory Treatments in Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zakariás Lilla , Kelly Helen , Salis Christos , Code Chris 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The aims of this systematic review are to provide a critical overview of short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) treatments in stroke aphasia and to systematically evaluate the internal and external validity of STM/WM treatments.

Method

A systematic search was conducted in February 2014 and then updated in December 2016 using 13 electronic databases. We provided descriptive characteristics of the included studies and assessed their methodological quality using the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials quantitative scale (
Tate et al., 2015
), which was completed by 2 independent raters.

Results

The systematic search and inclusion/exclusion procedure yielded 17 single-case or case-series studies with 37 participants for inclusion. Nine studies targeted auditory STM consisting of repetition and/or recognition tasks, whereas 8 targeted attention and WM, such as attention process training including
n
-back tasks with shapes and clock faces as well as mental math tasks. In terms of their methodological quality, quality scores on the Risk of Bias in N-of-1 Trials scale ranged from 4 to 17 (
M
= 9.5) on a 0–30 scale, indicating a high risk of bias in the reviewed studies. Effects of treatment were most frequently assessed on STM, WM, and spoken language comprehension. Transfer effects on communication and memory in activities of daily living were tested in only 5 studies.

Conclusions
Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies make it difficult, at present, to draw firm conclusions about the effects of STM/WM treatments in poststroke aphasia. Further studies with more rigorous methodology and stronger experimental control are needed to determine the beneficial effects of this type of intervention. To understand the underlying mechanisms of STM/WM treatment effects and how they relate to language functioning, a careful choice of outcome measures and specific hypotheses about potential improvements on these measures are required. Future studies need to include outcome measures of memory functioning in everyday life and psychosocial functioning more generally to demonstrate the ecological validity of STM and WM treatments.
Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta
Authors: Tubiana C. , Rinaldi G. , Güttler C. , Snodgrass C. , Shi X. , Hu X. , Marschall R. , Fulle M. , Bockelée-Morvan D. , Naletto G. , Capaccioni F. , Sierks H. , Arnold G. , Barucci M. A. , Bertaux J.-L. , Bertini I. , Bodewits D. , Capria M. T. , Ciarniello M. , Cremonese G. , Crovisier J. , Da Deppo V. , Debei S. , De Cecco M. , Deller J. , De Sanctis M. C. , Davidsson B. , Doose L. , Erard S. , Filacchione G. , Fink U. , Formisano M. , Fornasier S. , Gutiérrez P. J. , Ip W.-H. , Ivanovski S. , Kappel D. , Keller H. U. , Kolokolova L. , Koschny D. , Krueger H. , La Forgia F. , Lamy P. L. , Lara L. M. , Lazzarin M. , Levasseur-Regourd A. C. , Lin Z.-Y. , Longobardo A. , López-Moreno J. J. , Marzari F. , Migliorini A. , Mottola S. , Rodrigo R. , Taylor F. , Toth I. , Zakharov V. 
Published: May 2019

Context.On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet.Aims.We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model.Methods.For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center.Results.The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0° subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270°–50°). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50°–90°). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed.
Giant Mesenteric Cyst and Right Sided Syndrome in a 15-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Tamene Ayanaw , Desta Melkam , Tebeje Habeneyom , Getie Yeshiambel , Berhane Hailemariam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiant mesenteric cyst is a rare benign abdominal tumor. It usually arises from the mesenteric side of the small bowel. Right side syndrome is the term used for congenital absence of right kidney and right testis. We report on a 15-year-old male who presented with progressive abdominal distension, early satiety, and difficulty walking or running. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed a giant mesenteric cyst, absence of the right kidney, and left moderate hydronephrosis. After excision of the cyst, the patient was fully recovered. Our report shows that both conditions may occur in the same patient and therefore an association of these two diseases cannot be excluded.
Hibernoma de mano – reporte de un caso
Authors: Craviotto Matias , Wolff Daniel , d'Oliveira Lucia 
Published: May 2019

ResumenLos lipomas son infrecuentes en la mano y representan aproximadamente el 1% de los tumores. Los hibernomas son tumores benignos lipomatosos raros, compuestos al menos en parte por células de grasa parda con citoplasma granular multivacuolado. El estudio por RMN es de gran utilidad, actualmente imprescindible. En la resonancia magnética se observan como una masa heterogénea. La presencia de células inmaduras multivacuoladas en la microscopia, confirman el diagnóstico de hibernoma. El tratamiento quirúrgico es de elección.
Morphometric Analysis of the Foramen Magnum in Dry Human Skulls in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: de Lucena Jalles Dantas , Sanders João Victor Souza , de Brito Hudson Martins , Cerqueira Gilberto Santos , da Silva Ivson Bezerra , Oliveira André de Sá Braga 
Published: May 2019

Introduction The successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. This process of identification is facilitated by the determination of age, gender, and ethnicity. One of the main biological traits to be established from skeletal remains is the gender of the individual. In situations in which there are fragmented and mutilated skeletal remains, gender determination is relatively difficult, and it becomes important to establish the accuracy of individual bones. The basal region of the occipital bone is covered by a large volume of soft tissue and is therefore in a relatively well-protected anatomical position and, as such, classification of gender using the occipital bone may prove to be useful in cases of significantly disrupted remains. The present study aims to describe and analyze the morphological aspects of the foramen magnum (FM) in the population of the northeastern region of Brazil.
Material and Methods A total of 159 dry skulls (88 males and 71 females) were subjected to measurement by a digital caliper (DIGIMESS®, Instrumentos de Precisão Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil) and was assessed for anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), FM area, FM index (FMI), anterior, posterior and maximum lateral intercondylar distance. The measurement of all of these parameters sought to classify the FM in nine different types.
Results The pentagonal type was the most found in males (11.31%), and the biconvex in females (18.86%). The less frequent type in males was the pear type (2.53%), and in females the less frequent types were the pentagonal and the heptagonal types (2.53% each). Using the traditional anthropological classification of Martin et al,13 the most common type of FM was the brachytrematous, with 49.68% of the total skulls. The APD, TD and FM area were higher in males than in females, only in the oval FM type.
Conclusion The sexual dimorphism of the dimensions of the FM is established. However, there is a wide variability in the shape and measures in different populations, and to our knowledge this is the first study that shows the different types of the FM in the population of the northeastern region of Brazil.
Effect of Hypothermia and Severity of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Levels of C-Reactive Protein during the First 120 Hours of Life
Authors: Cilla Amaia , Arnaez Juan , Benavente-Fernández Isabel , Ochoa Carlos , Vega Cristina , Lubián-López Simón , Garcia-Alix Alfredo 
Published: May 2019

Objective This study aimed to describe normal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of newborns diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and assess the influence of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and the severity of HIE.
Study Design We prospectively recruited infants ≥35 weeks of gestational age diagnosed with HIE from 2000 to 2013 and compared CRP levels in the first 120 hours of life according to the severity of HIE and the use of TH, which was introduced in 2009.
Results Moderate HIE was diagnosed in 115 newborns, severe HIE in 90 (hypothermia was performed in 151 cases), and mild HIE in 20. Cooled newborns showed lower levels of CRP in the first 34 hours, but reached higher median maximum CRP levels (15.4 vs. 8.5 mg/L), and at a significantly older age (53 vs. 17 hours). Levels of CRP in mild HIE were lower than those of moderate–severe forms. Moderate and severe HIE had similar CRP levels, but time to maximum CRP was significantly less in moderate cases.
Conclusion CRP levels of mild HIE are similar to healthy newborns, while CRP elevations can be expected in newborns with moderate–severe HIE. TH produced a slower rise, with a higher and late maximum CRP peak level.
Sternal Muscle: A Case Report
Authors: de Aguiar Pamela Kelly Farias , Silva Anna Caroline Duarte Costa , Oliveira André de Sá Braga , Santos Luciano Edgley dos , Gomes Felippe Barbosa , Assis Thiago de Oliveira 
Published: May 2019

Introduction The sternal muscle is an anatomical variation found in the anterior region of the thorax.
Objective To report the anatomical characteristics of a new type of sternal muscle.
Case Report This was a dissection study in which the sternal muscle found was unilateral and long.
Discussion Proximal fixation differs from the classification adopted for these cases. Documentation of sternal muscle variations can improve the theoretical database in anatomy as well as aid diagnoses, reducing the probability of the unexpected during clinical and/or surgical thorax-related investigations.
Low-gradient, single-threaded rivers prior to greening of the continents
Authors: Ganti Vamsi , Whittaker Alexander C. , Lamb Michael P. , Fischer Woodward W. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The origin of low-gradient meandering rivers—the primary conduits of water, carbon, and nutrients in present-day terrestrial landscapes—is considered coeval with Silurian-age plant evolution. It was hypothesized that pre-Silurian rivers lacked bank strength and were dominantly steep and braided, implying vastly different transport capacities of water and sediment. This idea, however, is inconsistent with the supercontinental-scale drainage of Neoproterozoic rivers, which requires unrealistically high mountains to achieve the necessary river gradients. Using geologic observations and paleohydraulic analyses, we show that pre-Silurian rivers were low-gradient, deep, and single-threaded—similar to modern meandering rivers. Results demonstrate uniformity of fluvial morphology despite a global revolution in Earth’s terrestrial biota, with ramifications for the topographic signature of life on Earth and other planets.
Are Extended Defects a Show Stopper for Future III-V CMOS Technologies
Authors: Claeys C , Hsu P-C , He L , Mols Y , Langer R , Waldron N , Eneman G , Collaert N , Heyns M , Simoen E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper briefly reviews some of the present-day state-of-the art III-V devices processed on a Si platform reported in the literature, before addressing defect engineering aspects for III-V processing on a Si substrate from both a structural and electrical performance perspective. The identification of the extended defects will be illustrated by some case studies based on leakage current and lifetime investigations, Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) analysis and low frequency noise spectroscopy. Information on the basic defect parameters can be used as input for TCAD simulation of the electrical device performance, enabling a further optimization of the materials’ growth and process conditions.
Plastic behaviour and deformation mechanisms in silicon nano-objects
Authors: Texier M , Merabet A , Tromas C , Brochard S , Pizzagalli L , Thilly L , Rabier J , Talneau A , Le Vaillant Y-M , Thomas O , Godet J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Physical properties of nano-objects differ from what they are in bulk materials when the size decreases down to the nanometre scale. This behavioural change, named size effect, also applies to mechanical properties and has been evidenced in various materials. For instance, at low temperature, bulk silicon is known to be a brittle material while silicon nano-objects exhibit a ductile behavior. Although mechanical properties of silicon have been intensively studied over the last decades, the origin of this remarkable brittle-to-ductile transition at small scales remains, however, undetermined. In this article, a study of the plastic behaviour of nano-pillars is reported. The main results obtained from the combination of numerical calculations and experimental compression tests followed by atomically-resolved transmission electron microscopy imaging are described. We discuss the possibility for perfect dislocations to dissociate at low temperature and the underrated role of shuffle partial dislocations in plastic deformation of silicon. The formation of unexpected extended defects in the {115} planes with increasing plastic strain, also appears as a key-factor leading to the transition between ductile and brittle regimes at small scales.
Extended core structure and luminescence of a-screw dislocations in GaN
Authors: Medvedev O S , Vyvenko O F , Ubyivovk E V , Shapenkov S V , Seibt M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Straight segments of a-screw dislocations introduced by scratching of basal (0001) of intentionally undoped low-ohmic GaN radiate a doublet of narrow luminescent lines in the spectral region at about 3.1-3.2 eV while the dislocation intersection points possess luminescence band at about 3.3 eV. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the dislocation cores are dissociated into two 300 partials separated by stacking fault (SF) ribbon with the width of 4-6 nm width and that the dislocation nodes contain extended SF of sizes of 25-30 nm. Dislocation-related luminescence (DRL) is ascribed to exciton bound by the states of partial dislocation cores and of SF quantum well. The increase of the SF lateral sizes is assumed to cause the DRL spectral shift between straight dislocations and their nodes due to the system dimensionality transition from 1D to 2D respectively.
High-resolution Scanning Transmission EBIC Analysis of Misfit Dislocations at Perovskite pn-Heterojunctions
Authors: Meyer T , Kressdorf B , Lindner J , Peretzki P , Roddatis V , Jooss C , Seibt M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fundamental losses of photovoltaic energy conversion are transmission of sub band gap photons and thermalisation which are the underlying physics of the Shockley-Queisser limit defining maximum conversion efficiency of single-junction solar cells. Strongly correlated materials such as perovskites are promising candidates to exceed this limit by exploiting (i) long wavelength light absorption and (ii) the existence of long-living intraband excitations indicating that harvesting hot excess carriers might be feasible in such systems. In this work, we study pn-heterojunctions produced from Pr1-

x
Ca
x
MnO3 on SrTi1-

y
Nb
y
O3 by means of microscopic techniques. Such systems exhibit relevant quantities such as space charge layer width, screening lengths and excess carrier diffusion lengths in the 1-10 nm range which makes the use of standard methods such as electron beam induced current a challenging task. We report scanning transmission electron beam induced current experiments of misfit dislocations at the heterojunction. The dislocation-induced reduction of the charge collection is studied with nanometer spatial resolution. Effects of surface recombination and the heterojunction electric field are discussed.
Bandgap, electrical and structural properties of thick InN (0001) films grown under optimal conditions
Authors: Adikimenakis A. , Androulidaki M. , Foundoulaki Salhin E. , Tsagaraki K. , Doundoulakis G. , Kuzmik J. , Georgakilas A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The improvement potential for the structural, electrical and opto-electronic properties of heteroepitaxial InN-on-GaN (0001) films by using optimal conditions (substrate temperature, In and N fluxes) of plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and increasing the epilayer thickness to few micrometres has been investigated. The increase of InN thickness to 3.7 μm resulted to a-type component threading dislocation density of 6x109 cm−2 and directly measured electron mobility of 2330 cm2/Vs and concentration of 4.5x1017 cm−3. The optical bandgap of this film at 300K was 0.637 eV. However, a degradation in the integrity of the interfacial InN/GaN region was observed in films thicker than 1 μm, with the formation of voids and the nucleation of microcracks, which may be related to strain relaxation or thermal decomposition.
Trap-assisted tunnelling and Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime of extended defects in In.53Ga.47As p+n junction
Authors: Hsu P C (Brent) , Simoen E , Eneman G , Merckling C , Alian A , Langer R , Collaert N , Heyns M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Several In.53Ga.47As p+n junctions with various extended defect densities (EDDs) have been grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), by carefully controlling the growth conditions. After fabrication, T-dependent J-V, C-V and double DLTS (DDLTS) are performed to extract the electrical field dependence of the extended defect levels. From this characterization, it is derived that the extended defects dominate the electrical field enhancement factor Г regardless of the value of the EDD and significantly increases the leakage current under reverse bias (i.e., decrease the Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime). These impacts are strongly connected to a “band-like” density of states of extended defects E2 at EC-0.32 eV by comparing the DDLTS and T-dependent J-V characteristics. On the other hand, the reference sample (without EDs) surprisingly exhibits an even stronger field dependence with lower leakage current. Nevertheless, no straightforward candidate point defects can be found in this sample and the possible explanation are discussed.
Variability in urban population distributions across Africa
Authors: Tuholske Cascade , Caylor Kelly , Evans Tom , Avery Ryan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Africa is projected to add one billion urban residents by 2050. Yet developing sustainable solutions to tackle the host of challenges posed by rapid urban population growth is stymied by a lack municipality-level population data across the continent. To fill this gap, we intersect volunteered urban settlement data from OpenStreetMap with five synthetic gridded population datasets to estimate the how Africa’s urban population is distributed among over 4750 individual urban settlements across Africa. We assess how urban settlement distributions changed from 2000 to 2015 within and between countries and across moisture zones. To this end, we construct urban settlement Lorenz curves to calculate change in Gini coefficients and test the degree to which Africa’s urban settlements distributions fit power law distributions exhibited by Zipf’s law. Our results reveal that 77%–85% of urban settlements in Africa have fewer than 100 000 people and that at least 50% of Africa’s urban population live in urban settlements with fewer than 1 million residents. Across almost all African countries, the distribution of urban population shifted towards larger cities between 2000 and 2015. However, in arid regions, our results indicate that small- and medium-sized urban settlements are absorbing a greater share of urban population growth compared to large urban settlements. While our urban population estimates vary across gridded population datasets and differ from United Nations estimates, this is the first paper to measure urban population across Africa using a consistent methodology to identify urban settlement populations. Unlike UN urban population data for Africa, our results can readily be incorporated with geolocated environmental, public health, and economic data to support efforts to monitor United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to urban sustainability, poverty reduction, and food security across Africa’s ever-growing urban settlements.
Isolation and identification of bacteria with antimicrobial activities from green algae (Halimeda discoidea) from Pulau Lima, Banten Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Bawanti N P S C , Siregar R R , Kristianty M G E , Indriati N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Bacteria associated with seaweed were involved in the production of metabolites associated with their host, so they tend to have nearly the same metabolites to defend themselves or as antibiotics. The aim of this study was to isolate and to identify bacteria with antimicrobial activities from the marine green algae (Halimeda discoidea). Laboratory analysis was for the isolation of bacteria, selection of bacteria with antimicrobial activities, antibacterial activity tests and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Results showed that six bacterial isolates were isolated from outside and inside of the algae, which have antimicrobial activities. One was selected for further work which was have more antimicrobial activities. The bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) but not against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The bacterial growth curve was at an optimum phase at the 10th to 16th hour. Microscopic analysis and biochemical tests showed that isolated bacteria were a rod-shaped Gram-negative, acid-free, non-endosporous, reacted positively to gelatin, citrate and carbohydrate, reacting negatively on motile, and urease. We conclude that the bacteria isolated from green algae which had more antimicrobial properties belongs to the genus Pseudomonas guezennei.