bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the immunogenicity of the live attenuated influenza vaccine produced in continuous cell line
Authors: Wolkerstorfer Andrea , Katinger Dietmar , Romanova Julia 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The biological basis for the restricted immunogenicity of some live attenuated influenza vaccine strains generated on the backbone of the cold adapted (ca) A/Singapore/1/1957/ca (H2N2) influenza A virus master strain and produced in the Vero cells was investigated. According to our previous results the vaccine candidate made from A/Hong Kong/1035/1998 (H1N1) Vero-derived virus did not provoke a measurable antibody titers following the intranasal immunization of humans. We report here that the hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Hong Kong/1035/1998 virus contained the mutation 10Ile→Val in the HA2 subunit, that increased the pH threshold of HA conformational change (pH of activation) by 0.3 pH units and therefore might be responsible for the lack of immune response in humans. Similar effect was shown for the reassortant made from the Vero-derived A/Switzerland/5389/1995 (H1N1) (5389wt) virus which had the HA2 mutation 3Phe→Leu leading to the lack of immune response in mice. Another factor compromising the immunogenicity of a vaccine candidate is the incompatibility of epidemic virus HA with the M gene of the master strain. In mice the 6/2 A/Switzerland/5389/1995 reassortant induced antibodies that were directed predominantly to the HA2 subunit and were detectable by ELISA but not by a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. In contrast, the 5/3 reassortant, bearing the HA, neuraminidase (NA), and M genes from the epidemic virus induced an equivalent amount of antibodies against the HA1 and HA2 subunits detected by HAI and ELISA. By comparing the sensitivity of the viruses to amantadine, we showed that the M2 ion channel of the master strain had lower activity than that of the A/Switzerland/5389/1995. These data suggest that M2 of the master strain was not sufficiently active to keep the pH of the trans- Golgi network high enough to prevent the conformational change of the acid sensitive HA to the low pH form.
Overall, the adaptation mutations in the HA of the vaccine candidate that increase the pH of HA activation as well as the incompatibility of HA and M genes must be taken into consideration when constructing the reassortant strains for the live attenuated vaccine.
The challenges of creating a universal influenza vaccine
Authors: Egorov Andrej Y. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The lack of population immunity to the periodically emerging pandemic influenza strains makes influenza infection especially dangerous. The fragmented nature of the influenza virus genome contributes to the formation of influenza virus reassortants containing genomic fragments from different strains. This mechanism is the main reason for the natural influenza virus antigenic diversity as well as for the occurrence of influenza pandemics. Vaccination is the best measure to prevent the spread of influenza infection, but the efficacy of existing vaccines is not sufficient, especially for the elderly and small children. Specific immunity, developed after disease or immunization, poorly protects against infection by influenza viruses of another subtype. In this regard, there is an urgent need for a more effective universal influenza vaccine that provides a long-lasting broad cross-protective immunity, and is able to protect against influenza A and B viruses of all known subtypes. The basic approaches to as well as challenges of creating such a vaccine are discussed in this review.
Development of the A/H6N1 influenza vaccine candidate based on A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) master donor virus and the genome composition analysis using high resolution melting (HRM)
Authors: Desheva Yulia A. , Smolonogina Tatiana A. , Landgraf Galina O. , Rudenko Larisa G. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The avian influenza viruses of H6N1subtype present a potential danger for humans. The cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza virus A/17/herring gull/Sarma/2006/887 (H6N1) was obtained in chicken embryos by the genetic reassortment based on the cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) master strain. The genome composition of the obtained reassortant was analyzed by means of real-time PCR with the high resolution melting (HRM) analysis using the intercalating fluorescent dye EvaGreen. Analysis of the gene segments showed that the reassortant A/17/herring gull/Sarma/2006/887 (H6N1) contains the internal proteins coding genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) of the master donor virus and the surface antigens coding genes of the A/herring gull/Sarma/51c/2006 (H6N1) avian influenza virus. The study of the phenotypic properties showed that the virus A/17/herring gull/Sarma/2006/887 (H6N1) is temperature sensitive (ts), ca in chicken embryos, and attenuated in mice when administered intranasally. This reassortant can be recommended as a live influenza vaccine candidate for humans.
Teleologia encykliki "Veritatis Splendor" św. Jana Pawła II w świetle "Summy Teologii" św. Tomasza z Akwinu (I−II, q. 18, a. 6)
Authors: Mrozek Michał 
Published: February 2018

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie nauczania Kościoła jako wykraczającego poza błędny i rozłączny podział etyki na deontologię i teleologię. Autor przypomina szerokie tło przemian kulturowych, które towarzyszyły kontrowersjom wokół encykliki bł. Pawła VI "Humanae vitae". Teologiczna kontestacja nauczania Magisterium była powodem napisania przez św. Jana Pawła II encykliki "Veritatis splendor". Papież rozwiewa doktrynalne wątpliwości zasiane przez proporcjonalistów, przedstawiając im niezwykle przemyślaną i tradycyjną koncepcję źródeł moralności. Wychodząc od priorytetu celowości ludzkiego działania Papież podkreślił wagę przedmiotu czynu. Dla moralnego dobra ludzkiego czynu konieczne jest jego podwójne właściwe odniesienie: wertykalnie do celu ostatecznego, czyli Boga, oraz horyzontalnie wobec człowieka poprzez przedmiotową zgodność działania z ludzkim dobrem. Papieskie rozważania zostają uzupełnione komentarzem do "Summy Teologii" św. Tomasza, który w analogiczny sposób przedstawia źródła moralności ludzkiego czynu. Rozróżniając wewnętrzny i zewnętrzny akt woli (poprzez współpracę woli z innymi władzami), św. Tomasz pokazuje właściwe źródła moralności każdego z tych aktów. W pierwszym przypadku jest to właściwy przedmiot woli, który jest tożsamy z dobrem; natomiast w drugim – konieczny jest ponadto właściwy przedmiot innych władz. Właściwa antropologia przywraca fundament pod adekwatne rozumienie zarówno prawa naturalnego, jak i potrzebę etyki cnót, która okazuje się wielką praktyczną pomocą dla człowieka w drodze do właściwej mu doskonałości. Przedstawione podstawowe prawdy nauczane od lat przez Magisterium o tyle domagają się przypomnienia, że współczesna dominująca kultura wytrwale dekonstruuje racjonalny porządek tego nauczania czyniąc zeń karykaturę. Papieskie analizy pozwalają oczyścić etyczne kryteria rozeznawania dobra i zła, przypominając o zaproszeniu do piękna teologalnego życia w Chrystusie. Umożliwia ono zdrowy krytyczny osąd konkretnych sytuacji, jak również możliwość uniknięcia rozpowszechnionych współcześnie błędów i wynikającego z nich kryzysu tożsamości.
Vitamin D and Subjective Memory Complaint in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Annweiler Cedric , Doineau Lise , Gerigne Lucie , Provendier Anais , Karras Spyridon N. , Beauchet Olivier , Fantino Bruno , Duval Guillaume T. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Older adults with hypovitaminosis D report more often subjective cognitive
complaints, especially with regards to memory. This raises prospects that vitamin D may improve
older adults' subjective experience of memory disorders.

Objective:
To determine among older community-dwellers whether higher serum 25-
hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were associated with fewer memory complaints, while
considering different subtypes of memory complaints.

Method:
One hundred eighty Caucasian community-dwellers with memory complaint and no dementia
(mean±standard deviation, 71.1±3.4years; 33.3%female) from the French ‘EVATEM study'
were included in this analysis. Subjective memory complaints regarding memory lapses, problems
learning new information, problems finding words, problems calculating and problems concentrating
were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Participants were categorized according to
the highest tertile of serum 25OHD (i.e., ≥68nmol/L). Age, gender, body mass index, morbidities
burden, use of vitamin D supplements, cognitive performance, mood, serum concentrations of calcium,
parathyroid hormone and vitamin B12, creatinine clearance, and season of evaluation were
used as potential confounders.

Results:
Compared to participants with 25OHD<68nmol/L (n=121), those with 25OHD≥68nmol/L
had less often problems learning new information (P=0.027). There were no between-group differences
for the other memory complaints. The highest 25OHD tertile was cross-sectionally associated
with fewer problems learning new information (odds ratio (OR)=0.48, P=0.029), even after adjustment
for potential confounders (OR=0.32, P=0.039).

Conclusion:
Higher vitamin D status was associated with reduced problems memorizing new information
in older community-dwellers. This novel finding provides a scientific base for vitamin D
replacement trials attempting to improve older patients' subjective experience of cognitive decline.
Identification and Temporal Characterization of Features Associated with the Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Martinez-Torteya Antonio , Gomez-Rueda Hugo , Trevino Victor , Farber Joshua , Tamez-Pena Jose , For the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative  
Published: February 2018

Background:
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its earliest stages is important for
therapeutic and support planning. Similarly, being able to predict who will convert from mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) to AD would have clinical implications.

Objectives:
The goals of this study were to identify features from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI) database associated with the conversion from MCI to AD, and to characterize the
temporal evolution of that conversion.

Methods:
We screened the publically available ADNI longitudinal database for subjects with MCI who
have developed AD (cases: n=305), and subjects with MCI who have remained stable (controls: n=250).
Analyses included 1,827 features from laboratory assays (n=12), quantitative MRI scans (n=1,423), PET
studies (n=136), medical histories (n=72), and neuropsychological tests (n=184). Statistical longitudinal
models identified features with significant differences in longitudinal behavior between cases and matched
controls. A multiple-comparison adjusted log-rank test identified the capacity of the significant predictive
features to predict early conversion.

Results:
411 features (22.5%) were found to be statistically different between cases and controls at the
time of AD diagnosis; 385 features were statistically different at least 6 months prior to diagnosis, and 28
features distinguished early from late conversion, 20 of which were obtained from neuropsychological
tests. In addition, 69 features (3.7%) had statistically significant changes prior to AD diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Our results characterized features associated with disease progression from MCI to AD, and,
in addition, the log-rank test identified features which are associated with the risk of early conversion.
New Benzothiazole-based Thiazolidinones as Potent Antimicrobial Agents. Design, synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Haroun Michelyne , Tratrat Christophe , Kositzi Katerina , Tsolaki Evangelia , Petrou Anthi , Aldhubiab Bandar , Attimarad Mahesh , Harsha Sree , Geronikaki Athina , Venugopala Katharigatta N. , Elsewedy Heba S. , Sokovic Marina , Glamoclija Jasna , Ciric Ana 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives, as well as thiazolidinones are very important
scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Literature has revealed that they possess a wide spectrum of
biological activities including antimicrobial activity.

Objective:
The goal of this paper is the designing of new benzothiazole based thiazolidinones and the
evaluation of their biological activities.

Methods:
The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The
antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the method of microdilution.

Results:
The twelve newly synthesized compounds showed antimicrobial properties. All compounds
appeared to be more active than ampicillin in most studied strains and in some cases, more active than
streptomycin. Antifungal activity, in most cases was also better than the reference drugs ketoconazole
and bifonazole. The prediction of cytotoxicity revealed that the synthesized compounds were not toxic
(LD50 350-1000 mg/kg of body weight). Docking studies on the antibacterial activity confirmed the
biological results.

Conclusion:
The twelve new compounds were synthesized and studied for their antimicrobial activity.
The compounds appeared to be promising antimicrobial agents and could be the lead compounds for
new, more potent drugs. According to the docking prediction, the compounds could be MurB inhibitors.
A Hybrid Approach for Sub-Acute Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation Using Random Decision Forest and Gravitational Search Algorithm
Authors: Melingi Sunil Babu , Vijayalakshmi V. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The sub-acute ischemic stroke is the most basic illnesses reason for death
on the planet. We evaluate the impact of segmentation technique during the time of breaking
down the capacities of the cerebrum.
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Objective: The main objective of this paper is to segment the ischemic stroke lesions in Magnetic
Resonance (MR) images in the presence of other pathologies like neurological disorder, encephalopathy,
brain damage, Multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:
In this paper, we utilize a hybrid way to deal with segment the ischemic stroke from alternate
pathologies in magnetic resonance (MR) images utilizing Random Decision Forest (RDF)
and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The RDF approach is an effective machine learning
approach.

Results:
The RDF strategy joins two parameters; they are; the number of trees in the forest and
the number of leaves per tree; it runs quickly and proficiently when dealing with vast data. The
GSA algorithm is utilized to optimize the RDF data for choosing the best number of trees and the
number of leaves per tree in the forest.

Conclusion:
This paper provides a new hybrid GSA-RDF classifier technique to segment the
ischemic stroke lesions in MR images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed
technique has the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE),
and Mean Bias Error (MBE) ranges are 16.5485 %, 7.2654 %, and 2.4585 %individually. The
proposed RDF-GSA algorithm has better precision and execution when compared with the existing
ischemic stroke segmentation method.
Oxidation of Potassium Channels in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mini- Review
Authors: Yang Junsheng , Yan Xueni 
Published: February 2018

Background & Objective: Increased level of reactive oxygen species is a hallmark of common
neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease. ROS can oxidize
macromolecules including DNA, lipids and proteins and cause oxidative damage to the cell.
Emerging evidence indicate that potassium channels in the central nervous system are no exceptions to
these oxidative modifications.

Conclusion:
In this mini-review, we summarized recent reports on the oxidation of potassium channels
in the CNS and the consequently resulted changes in cell functions and viability, with focus on its
implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
Inhibition of Neurogenesis by Zika Virus Infection
Authors: Ahmad Fahim , Siddiqui Amna , Kamal Mohammad A. , Sohrab Sayed Sartaj 
Published: February 2018

Background & Objective: The link between Zika Virus (ZIKV) epidemic and neurological
disorder has raised an urgent global alarm. The current epidemic of ZIKV has triggered quick responses
in the scientific world. The first case of ZIKV was reported in 2015 from Brazil and now has
spread over 30 countries. Nearly four hundred cases of traveler associated ZIKV infection have also
been reported in the United States. ZIKV is primarily transmitted by mosquito belonging to the genus
Aedes that are widely distributed throughout the world. Additionally, the virus can also be transmitted
from male to female by sexual contact. The epidemiological investigations during the current outbreak
found a causal link between infection in pregnant women and the development of microcephaly
(MCPH) in their unborn babies. This finding is a cause of grave concern since MCPH is a serious neural
developmental disorder that can lead to significant post-natal developmental abnormalities and disabilities.
Recently, published data indicates that ZIKV infection severely affects the growth of fetal
neural progenitor cells and cerebral neurons resulting in malformation of cerebral cortex leading to
MCPH. Recently, it has been reported that ZIKV infection deregulates the signaling pathway of neuronal
cell and inhibits the neurogenesis.

Conclusion:
In this review, we discussed the information about cellular and molecular mechanisms of
neurodegeneration of human neuronal cells and inhibition of neurogenesis. The provided information
in this review will be very useful further not only in neuro-scientific research but also in the desig and
development of management strategies for MCPH and other mosquito-borne diseases.
TNF-α Polymorphisms and Maternal Depression in a Mexican Mestizo Population
Authors: Sandoval-Carrillo Ada , Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme , Salas-Martinez Carlos , Mendez-Hernandez Edna M. , Sifuentes-Alvarez Antonio , Martínez-Martinez Ana L. , Castillo-Orona Juan M. , Hernandez-Tinoco Jesus , Antuna-Salcido Elizabeth I. , Sanchez-Anguiano Luis F. , Velez Velez Lilia M. , Salas-Pacheco Sergio M. , Castellanos-Juarez Francisco X. , Llave-Leon Osmel La , Arias-Carrion Oscar , Salas-Pacheco Jose M. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Depressive disorders are common during pregnancy. There is compelling
evidence that the inflammatory response system is important in the pathophysiology of depression.
Higher concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in
depressed subjects have been described. Because several polymorphisms in the TNF-α promoter region
are known to affect its gene expression, the aim of this study was determine whether TNF-α -
857C/T, -308G/A, and -238G/A polymorphisms confer susceptibility to depression during pregnancy
in a Mexican mestizo population.

Methods:
This case-control study involved 153 depressed pregnant women and 177 controls. Polymorphisms
were genotyped using real-time PCR. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals adjusted
by age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, months of pregnancy and number of abortions
were used to estimate risk.

Results:
The -857CT genotype was found to increase the risk for depression (OR= 1.73, 95% CI=
1.06-2.82). In contrast, the -238GA genotype reduced the risk (OR= 0.33, 95% CI= 0.14-0.72). The -
308G/A polymorphism was not associated with risk for depression. Finally, the C857-G308-A238
haplotype was associated with a decreased risk of depression (OR= 0.35, 95% CI= 0.15-0.82).

Conclusion:
Our results show for the first time an association between TNF-α -857C/T and -238G/A
polymorphisms and prenatal depression in Mexican mestizo population.
Migrasi Internasional Pada Wanita di Kabupaten Tulungagung: Sebuah Konstruksi Sosial
Authors: - Anggaunitakiranantika 
Published: February 2018

AbstrakBuruh Migran Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri, baik kategori legal maupun yang ilegal lebih banyak melibatkan tenaga kerja wanita salah satunya berasal dari Kabupaten Tulungagung, Propinsi Jawa Timur. Di Negara Hongkong jumlah TKI asal Propinsi Jawa Timur paling banyak, yakni mencapai sekitar 170.000 orang, disusul Taiwan sekitar 160.000, dan Malaysia sekitar 130.000 orang. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melakukan identifikasi pada ketertarikan wanita di Kabupaten Tulungagung pada untuk menjadi buruh migran di Hongkong yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan teori konstruksi sosial. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan teknik purposive di Kabupaten Tulungagung meliputi 6 Kecamatan terpilih dengan melakukan observasi dan in-depth interview pada 20 informan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi emigrasi wanita ke Hongkong sesuai dengan konstruksi sosial yang terbentuk adalah Adanya jaringan migran sukses yang berada di Hongkong dengan berbagai fasilitas, kemudahan dan kenyamanan yang ditawarkan, “social prestige” pada mereka yang bekerja sebagai buruh migran dan kebutuhan dalam jangka panjang.Kata Kunci: Hongkong, Konstruksi Sosial, Migrasi Internasional, Perempuan, TulungagungAbstractIndonesian domestic worker whose came from Tulungagung Regency, East Java has been engaged as women labor and known as legal or illegal worker abroad. Divided into destination labor proportion at East Java Province, Hongkong has the first position with 170.000 worker, followed by Taiwan on 160.000 and Malaysia at least 130.000 worker being there. Research was conducted to identify local women interest on being Indonesian domestic worker using social construction theory. Research was done on purposive technique by qualitative method at Tulungagung Regency which covered 6 chosen district. Observed at least 20 informan and having in-depth interviewed, research identified through some factor: based on social construction, succeed migrant network at Hongkong has bade on privilege and comfortable life. Hence, social prestige also offers for Indonesia domestic worker at Hongkong. Latest finding is about international migration was seen as necessary things in life for longtime needs among them.Keyword: Hongkong, International Migration, Social Construction, Tulungagung, Women