bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Since when does the Midwest have an accent?”
Authors: Carmichael Katie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Folk ideologies about regional variation often depend on the consideration of certain varieties in contrast with the idea of a linguistically unmarked, standard way of speaking (Preston 1996; Lippi-Green 2012). This study analyzes the relationship between those abstract ideologies and in-the-moment reactions to linguistic input. Examining this question with respect to American English, a listening task manipulated where speakers were said to be from and whether the speakers used regional speech varieties linked to those places. Listeners were asked to make social judgments about speakers with varying degrees of local accentedness said to be from Southern, Northeastern, and Midwestern locales in the U.S.; these locations were selected to target highly enregistered nonstandard dialect areas versus more linguistically “unmarked” regions. Results indicate that while pre-existing sociolinguistic stereotypes about these three locations in some cases trumped the actual linguistic input that listeners encountered, effects of accentedness also varied in place-specific ways related to expectations for each locale.
Revisiting Hebrides English
Authors: Clayton Ian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a study of phonetic variation in Hebrides English, a variety of English spoken in the Scottish Hebrides island chain. Study participants included 24 English-Scottish Gaelic bilinguals, ten male and 14 female, representing a range of ages and geographic origins within the Hebrides. Three features are considered: preaspiration, preglottalization, and T-glottalling. Preaspiration, once commonplace in some varieties of Hebridean English, is now found to be abundant only among older women, suggesting that the feature is obsolescent. By contrast, preglottalization and T-glottalling, already widespread in urban varieties of Scottish English, now appear to be making inroads in Hebrides English as well. The evidence therefore suggests that Hebridean English is undergoing significant changes, though the precise trajectory or outcome of these changes remain unclear.
Collocation and word association
Authors: Kang Beom-mo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between grammar and language use by comparing word association and collocation. Since word association reveals mental semantic knowledge, usage-based approaches expect word association to mirror the relation between words in use, namely collocation. The paragraph is a more apt unit for collocation than the sentence in mirroring word association. Among measures of collocation, (simple) log likelihood and t-score turn out to be more consistent with association, with log likelihood leading by a small margin over MI or MI3. Overall, word association and collocation are quite close, but not perfectly close because of differences in relevant resources and the characteristics of lexical/semantic relations.
Lexical preference and variation in the complementation of provide
Authors: Lehmann Hans Martin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper investigates grammatical variation in the complementation of the verb provide. It describes the
distribution of the four possible patterns with two internal arguments and the interaction between pattern choice and lexical
choice. The study finds and documents significant differences in the preferred complementation patterns for American and British
English as well as for spoken and written news genres. It also establishes the double object construction as a viable option for
American English. Methodologically, this study is based on robust automatic syntactic annotation and computerized retrieval from a
data-set comprising 2.5 billion words. It is this large amount of data that permits the observation of strong preferences in terms
of pattern choice at the interface between grammar and lexis.
Computer-assisted visual articulation feedback in L2 pronunciation instruction
Authors: Bliss Heather , Abel Jennifer , Gick Bryan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLanguage learning is a multimodal endeavor; to improve their pronunciation in a new language, learners access not only auditory information about speech sounds and patterns, but also visual information about articulatory movements and processes. With the development of new technologies in computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) comes new possibilities for delivering feedback in both auditory and visual modalities. The present paper surveys the literature on computer-assisted visual articulation feedback, including direct feedback that provides visual models of articulation and indirect feedback that uses visualized acoustic information as a means to inform articulation instruction. Our focus is explicitly on segmental features rather than suprasegmental ones, with visual feedback conceived of as providing visualizations of articulatory configurations, movements, and processes. In addition to discussing types of visual articulation feedback, we also consider the criteria for effective delivery of feedback, and methods of evaluation.
Taking cognisance of cognitive linguistic research on humour
Authors: Dynel Marta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article is meant to give a state-of-the-art picture of cognitive linguistic studies on humour. Cognitive linguistics has had an immense impact on the development of humour research and, importantly, humour theory over the past few decades. On the one hand, linguists, philosophers and psychologists working in the field of humour research have put forward proposals to explain the cognitive processes underlying specifically humour production and reception (e.g. the incongruity-resolution framework and its refinements). On the other hand, humour research has drawn on theories and concepts advanced in contemporary cognitive linguistics taken as a whole (e.g. mental spaces, conceptual blending, salience or conceptual metaphor). The different notions and approaches originating in these strands of research are in various ways interwoven in order to give new insights into the cognitive workings of humour.
Perceptual opposites and the modulation of contrast in irony
Authors: Canestrari Carla , Bianchi Ivana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new way of analyzing the contrast between an ironic comment and the referent context by focusing on the structure of the dimension which the contrast belongs to. This new approach was stimulated by previous experimental studies demonstrating that dimensions are perceptually made up of two opposite poles and an intermediate region consisting either of point or range properties. Applying this schema it became clear that, on the one hand what previous evidence-based literature mostly focuses on is the idea that for an ironic meaning to be detected there must be a contrastbetweentwo poles orwithina pole; on the other hand, that there is room for new investigations concerning whether it is possible to make ironic comments containing poles to refer to intermediate situations (i.e. situations perceived asneither one pole nor the other) or, vice versa, to make ironic comments containing intermediates to refer to polarized situations.
The effect of the Arab Spring on the use of metaphor and metonymy in Jordanian economic discourse
Authors: Zibin Aseel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study aims to identify the metaphors and metonymies used to describe economic concepts in Jordanian economic discourse pre- and post-Arab Spring in order to examine whether the events of the Arab Spring have had an impact on these figurative devices. This study also examines whether metaphor and metonymy can be affected by the social and cultural setting in which they are used and by politico-economic factors. In addition, this study aims to explore the notion that economic discourse uses many of the same conceptual metaphors regardless of the language and culture. To achieve this, I compiled a corpus of economic articles published in 2005 and 2008 (i.e. pre-Arab Spring) and 2012 and 2015 (i.e. post-Arab Spring) from two daily Jordanian newspapers. Frequency counts of metaphorical expressions representing the source domains and metonymies were compared to assess their saliency in the two periods and the two newspapers.
Ultimate attainment in Spanish spirantization
Authors: Face Timothy L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of the Spanish spirantization of /b/, /d/ and /g/ by a group of very advanced L2 learners who immigrated to Spain from the United States and have lived in central Spain for many years. While spirantization has received considerable attention in previous L2 research on Spanish, the participants in previous studies have typically been newer learners of Spanish, typically studying at the university level. By examining the production of immigrants to Spain, the present study provides insight into ultimate attainment, and whether this results in a native-like pronunciation in the case of spirantization. Productions are examined both categorically to determine the manner of articulation employed (i.e., approximant, fricative, stop) and also gradiently, using intensity measurements to determine the degree of spirantization when approximants are produced. The comparisons for manner of articulation show significant differences between native Spanish speakers and L2 learners, although when approximants are produced the intensity measurements often do not differ significantly between the two groups. The degree to which individual learners approach native-like pronunciation, both in terms of manner of articulation and intensity measurements of produced approximants, varies considerably.
Interviews as sites of ideological work
Authors: Márquez Reiter Rosina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper maintains that the interview, understood as an interactionally achieved social practice, can be a locus for ideological work. It shows how a differentiated understanding of stance, alignment and the discourse identities that the participants assume and leave in interaction, can bring into focus aspects of ideology that would be difficult to capture otherwise. Specifically, the paper shows how mis- and realigning actions with respect to the stances conveyed by the interview participants relative to a given subject or from a given discourse identity can lead to the construction of ideology, encouraging (or not) movement along a given interview trajectory. The ideological work observed is contingent on how the participants locate themselves and others in the interview where tensions between legitimised linguistic views and discourse identity adoption, as well as contradictions with regard to other circulating discourses emerge. The paper thus suggests that (language ideological) analyses of interview data can and should be focused on the social dynamics of the participants and how their ideological presuppositions play out in the situated interaction of the interview.
Distributed specificity for automatic terminology extraction
Authors: Amjadian Ehsan , Inkpen Diana , Paribakht T. Sima , Faez Farahnaz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present article explores two novel methods that integrate distributed representations with terminology extraction. Both methods assess the specificity of a word (unigram) to the target corpus by leveraging its distributed representation in the target domain as well as in the general domain. The first approach adopts this distributed specificity as a filter, and the second directly applies it to the corpus. The filter can be mounted on any other Automatic Terminology Extraction (ATE) method, allows merging any number of other ATE methods, and achieves remarkable results with minimal training. The direct approach does not perform as high as the filtering approach, but it reemphasizes that using distributed specificity as the words’ representation, very little data is required to train an ATE classifier. This encourages more minimally supervised ATE algorithms in the future.
Improving term candidates selection using terminological
tokens
Authors: Vàzquez Mercè , Oliver Antoni 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The identification of reliable terms from domain-specific corpora using
computational methods is a task that has to be validated manually by
specialists, which is a highly time-consuming activity. To reduce this effort
and improve term candidate selection, we implemented the Token Slot Recognition
method, a filtering method based on terminological tokens which is used to rank
extracted term candidates from domain-specific corpora. This paper presents the
implementation of the term candidates filtering method we developed in
linguistic and statistical approaches applied for automatic term extraction
using several domain-specific corpora in different languages. We observed that
the filtering method outperforms term candidate selection by ranking a higher
number of terms at the top of the term candidate list than raw frequency, and
for statistical term extraction the improvement is between 15% and 25% both in
precision and recall. Our analyses further revealed a reduction in the number of
term candidates to be validated manually by specialists. In conclusion, the
number of term candidates extracted automatically from domain-specific corpora
has been reduced significantly using the Token Slot Recognition filtering
method, so term candidates can be easily and quickly validated by
specialists.
The influence of an afternoon nap on the endurance performance of trained runners
Authors: Blanchfield Anthony W. , Lewis‐Jones Tammy M. , Wignall James R. , Roberts James B. , Oliver Samuel J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effectiveness of a nap as a recovery strategy for endurance exercise is unknown and therefore the present study investigated the effect of napping on endurance exercise performance. Eleven trained male runners completed this randomised crossover study. On two occasions, runners completed treadmill running for 30 min at 75% ⩒O2max in the morning, returning that evening to run for 20 min at 60% ⩒O2max, and then to exhaustion at 90% ⩒O2max. On one trial, runners had an afternoon nap approximately 90 min before the evening exercise (NAP) whilst on the other, runners did not (CON). All runners napped (20 ± 10 min), but time to exhaustion (TTE) was not improved in all runners (NAP 596 ± 148 s vs. CON 589 ± 216 s, P = .83). Runners that improved TTE after the nap slept less at night than those that did not improve TTE (night‐time sleep 6.4 ± 0.7 h vs. 7.5 ± 0.4 h, P < .01). Furthermore, night‐time sleep predicted change in TTE, indicating that runners sleeping least at night improved TTE the most after the nap compared to CON (r2 = −0.76, P = .001). In runners that improved TTE, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were lower during the TTE on NAP than CON compared to runners that did not improve (−0.4 ± 0.6 vs. 0 ± 0, P = .05). Reduced exercising sense of effort (RPE) may account for the improved TTE after the nap. In conclusion, a short afternoon nap improves endurance performance in runners that obtain less than 7 h night‐time sleep.
Acute exercise‐induced irisin release in healthy adults: Associations with training status and exercise mode
Authors: Qiu Shanhu , Bosnyák Edit , Treff Gunnar , Steinacker Jürgen Michael , Nieß Andreas Michael , Krüger Karsten , Mooren Frank Christoph , Zügel Martina , Schumann Uwe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is a growing interest in exploring irisin response to acute exercise; however, the associations of acute exercise‐induced irisin release with training status and exercise mode are not fully understood. This study was primarily designed to evaluate these associations. Sixteen healthy adults (8 trained versus 8 untrained) underwent a bout of cycling at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 50 min, with blood drawn pre‐, 10‐, and 180‐min post‐exercise. Another 17 healthy adults performed 2 bouts of graded exercise (cycling and running) until exhaustion on separate days using a randomized cross‐over design, with blood taken pre‐, 0‐, 10‐, and 60‐min post‐exercise. Circulating irisin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and myoglobin (Mb) were measured, and their respective areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. Irisin increased 10‐min after 50 min of cycling at 80% of VO2max, while its changes from baseline to post‐exercise and the amount of exercise‐induced irisin release (presented as AUC) were comparable between trained and untrained adults (all P > .05). Irisin remained elevated 10‐min post‐exhausting running but decreased towards baseline 10‐min post‐exhausting cycling. Exhausting running induced an increase in irisin release for the whole course of exercise and recovery periods, but cycling did not. Acute exercise‐induced irisin changes seemed not related to changes of CK, aspartate AST, and Mb in general. In conclusion, acute exercise‐induced irisin release is not associated with training status but might be affected by training mode. Future studies are required to investigate which exercise mode might be most efficient in altering irisin.
Comparison of the air-kerma standards of the NRPA, the STUK, the SSM and the LNE-LNHB in medium-energy x-rays (EURAMET.RI(I)-S15)
Authors: Bjerke H , Plagnard J , Bordy J-M , Kosunen A , Lindholm C , Persson L , Hetland P O 
Published: May 2018

A supplementary comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the NRPA, Norway, the STUK, Finland, the SSM, Sweden and the LNE-LNHB, France in the medium-energy x-ray range. The technical protocol was approved by the CCRI(I) in April 2016. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 4.4, 9.1 and 4.5 parts in 10³ for the NRPA, STUK and the SSM, respectively. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Supplementary comparison, air kerma, medium energy x-rays, radiation dosimetry

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Revealing Measles Outbreak Risk With a Nested Immunoglobulin G Serosurvey in Madagascar
Authors: Winter Amy K , Wesolowski Amy P , Mensah Keitly J , Ramamonjiharisoa Miora Bruna , Randriamanantena Andrianmasina Herivelo , Razafindratsimandresy Richter , Cauchemez Simon , Lessler Justin , Ferrari Matt J , Metcalf C Jess E , Héraud Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMadagascar reports few measles cases annually and high vaccination campaign coverage. However, the underlying age profile of immunity and risk of a measles outbreak is unknown. We conducted a nested serological survey, testing 1,005 serum samples (collected between November 2013 and December 2015 via Madagascar’s febrile rash surveillance system) for measles immunoglobulin G antibody titers. We directly estimated the age profile of immunity and compared these estimates with indirect estimates based on a birth cohort model of vaccination coverage and natural infection. Combining these estimates of the age profile of immunity in the population with an age-structured model of transmission, we further predicted the risk of a measles outbreak and the impact of mitigation strategies designed around supplementary immunization activities. The direct and indirect estimates of age-specific seroprevalence show that current measles susceptibility is over 10%, and modeling suggests that Madagascar may be at risk of a major measles epidemic.
The small peptide world in long noncoding RNAs
Authors: Choi Seo-Won , Kim Hyun-Woo , Nam Jin-Wu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides (nt) without coding potential. Over the past decade, tens of thousands of novel lncRNAs have been annotated in animal and plant genomes because of advanced high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies and with the aid of coding transcript classifiers. Further, a considerable number of reports have revealed the existence of stable, functional small peptides (also known as micropeptides), translated from lncRNAs. In this review, we discuss the methods of lncRNA classification, the investigations regarding their coding potential and the functional significance of the peptides they encode.
Recent advances in the precise control of isolated single-site catalysts by chemical methods
Authors: Li Zhijun , Wang Dehua , Wu Yuen , Li Yadong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The search for constructing high-performance catalysts is an unfailing topic in chemical fields. Recently, we have witnessed many breakthroughs in the synthesis of single-atom catalysts (SACs) and their applications in catalytic systems. They have shown excellent activity, selectivity, stability, efficient atom utilization and can serve as an efficient bridge between homogeneous and heterogenous catalysis. Currently, most SACs are synthesized via a bottom-up strategy; however, drawbacks such as the difficulty in accessing high mass activity and controlling homogeneous coordination environments are inevitably encountered, restricting their potential use in the industrial area. In this regard, a novel top-down strategy has been recently developed to fabricate SACs to address these practical issues. The metal loading can be increased to 5% and the coordination environments can also be precisely controlled. This review highlights approaches to the chemical synthesis of SACs towards diverse chemical reactions, especially the recent advances in improving the mass activity and well-defined local structures of SACs. Also, challenges and opportunities for the SACs will be discussed in the later part.
Can state-supported interprofessional coalitions cure preceptor shortages?
Authors: Woodall Lesli , Smith Gigi , Garr David , Hopla Deborah , Kern Donna 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The shortage of clinical preceptors compromises the current and future supply of healthcare providers and patient access to primary care. This article describes how an interprofessional coalition in South Carolina formed and sought government support to address the preceptor shortage. Some states have legislated preceptor tax credits and/or deductions to support the clinical education of future primary care healthcare providers. As a result of the coalition's work, a bill to establish similar incentives is pending in the South Carolina legislature.
Successful Integration of an Academic Electronic Health Record Into the Curriculum of an Associate Degree Nursing Program
Authors: Baxter Patricia M. , Andrew Lesley A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The use of electronic data management systems is rapidly expanding. Nurses need to be competent in the use of electronic health records (EHRs) and understand their contribution to safe, effective, high quality patient care. Faculty must incorporate learning experiences in the application of EHRs into undergraduate nursing programs in order to adequately prepare students for employment. This article reports the challenges involved in the successful addition of an academic EHR into an existing curriculum.