bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host Star Dependence of Small Planet Mass–Radius Distributions
Authors: Neil Andrew R. , Rogers Leslie A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The planet formation environment around M dwarf stars is different than around G dwarf stars. The longer hot protostellar phase, activity levels and lower protoplanetary disk mass of M dwarfs all may leave imprints on the composition distribution of planets. We use hierarchical Bayesian modeling conditioned on the sample of transiting planets with radial velocity mass measurements to explore small planet mass–radius distributions that depend on host star mass. We find that the current mass–radius data set is consistent with no host star mass dependence. These models are then applied to the Kepler planet radius distribution to calculate the mass distribution of close-orbiting planets and how it varies with host star mass. We find that the average heavy element mass per star at short orbits is higher for M dwarfs compared to FGK dwarfs, in agreement with previous studies. This work will facilitate comparisons between microlensing planet surveys and Kepler, and will provide an analysis framework that can readily be updated as more M dwarf planets are discovered by ongoing and future surveys such as K2 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite.
Influência do tempo de mistura lenta no uso de quiabo como floculante aplicado associado ao policloreto de alumínio
Authors: Lima Bruna Caroline , Pinguelo Gigliolla Caroline Biason , Vernasqui Laís Gimenes , Teixeira Guilherme Gobbi , Silva-Medeiros Flávia Vieira 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do tempo de mistura lenta (TML) na aplicação do polímero natural quiabo como floculante no tratamento de águas para abastecimento. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios variando o TML de 10 a 40 minutos. As concentrações do coagulante químico, do quiabo e do alcalinizante foram fixadas em 10, 0,3 e 5 ppm, respectivamente. Os melhores resultados de cor e turbidez foram obtidos para os TML de 15 e 40 min, que devido à semelhança dos resultados, indicam que o aumento do TML não apresentou melhora significativa na água tratada. Ainda é possível perceber também que a associação do quiabo com o PAC apresentou resultados melhores se comparados aos encontrados na utilização do quiabo combinado com o sulfato de alumínio, conforme encontrado na literatura, indicando a eficiência desse floculante também com o PAC.
Functional and Immunoreactive Levels of IgG4 Correlate with Clinical Responses during the Maintenance Phase of House Dust Mite Immunotherapy
Authors: Feng Mulin , Su Qiujuan , Lai Xuxin , Xian Mo , Shi Xu , Wurtzen Peter Adler , Qin Rundong , Zeng Xiaohui , Li Jing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy for house dust mite allergy is effective, but there are no validated biomarkers reflecting or predicting the clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical outcomes and functional responses of allergen-specific IgG4 (sIgG4) and specific IgE (sIgE) during Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus s.c. allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) in allergic rhinitis and/or asthma patients. Combined symptom medication scores (SMS), D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 levels, D. pteronyssinus–sIgE levels, and the serum inhibitory capacity against D. pteronyssinus–sIgE facilitated allergen binding to B cells (IgE-FAB) were determined during the updosing (week 0, 4, 12, and 16) and maintenance (week 52, 104, and 156) phase of SCIT. We found that SCIT patients had a significant improvement in SMS from week 52 to 156 compared with medication-treated control subjects (p &lt; 0.05). Levels of D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 in SCIT patients showed a significant increase from week 12 to 156 (p &lt; 0.05). Serum obtained from SCIT patients significantly inhibited D. pteronyssinus–sIgE binding to B cells after 16 wk (p &lt; 0.01). Significantly lower levels of D. pteronyssinus–sIgE were observed in SCIT patients after 52 wk (p &lt; 0.05). A significant relationship was demonstrated between SMS and IgE-FAB or D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 during the maintenance phase according to linear regression analysis. In conclusion, D. pteronyssinus–sIgG4 level and D. pteronyssinus IgE-FAB are associated with clinical efficacy in the maintenance phase rather than the updosing phase of SCIT. Immunologic tolerance can be induced with SCIT when maintenance phase is achieved.
Abrogation of Lupus Nephritis in Somatic Hypermutation–Deficient B6.MRL-Faslpr/J Mice
Authors: Hao Fengqi , Tian Miaomiao , Feng Yunpeng , Quan Chao , Chen Yixi , Chen Shuai , Wei Min 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease posing threats to multiple organs in the human body. As a typical manifestation of SLE, lupus nephritis is characterized by a series of pathological changes in glomerulus as well as accumulation of pathogenic autoreactive IgG with complement in the kidney that dramatically disrupts renal functions. Activation-induced deaminase (AID), which governs both somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR), has been shown to be essential for the regulation of SLE. However, the relative contributions of SHM and CSR to SLE pathology have not been determined. Based on the available AIDG23S mice, we successfully established an B6.AIDG23SMRL-Faslpr/J mouse model, in which SHM is specifically abolished, although CSR is largely unaffected. We found that the abrogation of SHM effectively alleviated SLE-associated histopathological alterations, such as expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of the basement membrane of Bowman’s capsule as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells. Compared with SLE mice, B6.AIDG23SMRL-Faslpr/J mice exhibited decreased proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, indicating that the loss of SHM contributed to the recovery of renal functions. As a consequence, the life span of those SHM-deficient B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice was extended. Together, we provide direct evidence pinpointing a vital role of SHM in the control of SLE development.
Previously Hidden Dynamics at the TCR–Peptide–MHC Interface Revealed
Authors: Fodor James , Riley Blake T. , Borg Natalie A. , Buckle Ashley M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A structural characterization of the interaction between αβ TCRs and cognate peptide–MHC (pMHC) is central to understanding adaptive T cell–mediated immunity. X-ray crystallography, although the source of much structural data, traditionally provides only a static snapshot of the protein. Given the emerging evidence for the important role of conformational dynamics in protein function, we interrogated 309 crystallographic structures of pMHC complexes using ensemble refinement, a technique that can extract dynamic information from the x-ray data. Focusing on a subset of human pMHC class I systems, we found that in many cases, ensemble methods were able to uncover previously hidden evidence of significant conformational plasticity, thereby revealing additional information that can build upon and significantly enhance functional interpretations that are based on a single static structure. Notable examples include the interpretation of differences in the disease association of HLA subtypes, the relationship between peptide prominence and TCR recognition, the role of conformational flexibility in vaccine design, and the discrimination between induced fit and conformational selection models of TCR binding. We show that the currently widespread practice of analyzing pMHC interactions via the study of a single crystallographic structure does not make use of pertinent and easily accessible information from x-ray data concerning alternative protein conformations. This new analysis therefore not only highlights the capacity for ensemble methods to significantly enrich the interpretation of decades of structural data but also provides previously missing information concerning the dynamics of existing characterized TCR–pMHC interactions.
Mass concentration, optical depth and carbon composition of particulate matter in the major southern West African cities of Cotonou (Benin) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Djossou Julien , Léon Jean-François , Akpo Aristide Barthélemy , Liousse Cathy , Yoboué Véronique , Bedou Mouhamadou , Bodjrenou Marleine , Chiron Christelle , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Gardrat Eric , Abbey Marcellin , Keita Sékou , Bahino Julien , Touré N'Datchoh Evelyne , Ossohou Money , Awanou Cossi Norbert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Air quality degradation is a major issue in the large conurbations on
the shore of the Gulf of Guinea. We present for the first time
PM2.5 time series collected in Cotonou, Benin, and Abidjan,
Côte d'Ivoire, from February 2015 to March 2017. Measurements were
performed in the vicinity of major combustion aerosol sources:
Cotonou/traffic (CT), Abidjan/traffic (AT), Abidjan/landfill (AL) and
Abidjan/domestic fires (ADF). We report the weekly PM2.5 mass and
carbonaceous content as elemental (EC) and organic (OC) carbon
concentrations. We also measure the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the
Ångström exponent in both cities. The average PM2.5 mass
concentrations were 32 ± 32, 32 ± 24 and
28 ± 19 µg m−3 at traffic sites CT and AT and landfill
site AL, respectively. The domestic fire site shows a concentration of
145 ± 69 µg m−3 due to the contribution of smoking and
roasting activities. The highest OC and EC concentrations were also measured
at ADF at 71 ± 29 and 15 ± 9 µg m−3,
respectively, while the other sites present OC concentration between 8 and
12 µg m−3 and EC concentrations between 2 and
7 µg m−3. The OC ∕ EC ratio is 4.3 at CT and 2.0 at AT.
This difference highlights the influence of two-wheel vehicles using gasoline
in Cotonou compared to that of four-wheel vehicles using diesel fuel in
Abidjan. AOD was rather similar in both cities, with a mean value of 0.58 in
Cotonou and of 0.68 in Abidjan. The seasonal cycle is dominated by the large
increase in surface mass concentration and AOD during the long dry season
(December–February) as expected due to mineral dust advection and biomass
burning activities. The lowest concentrations are observed during the short
dry season (August–September) due to an increase in surface wind speed
leading to a better ventilation. On the other hand, the high
PM2.5 ∕ AOD ratio in the short wet season (October–November)
indicates the stagnation of local pollution.
Aero-elastic wind turbine design with active flaps for AEP maximization
Authors: McWilliam Michael K. , Barlas Thanasis K. , Madsen Helge A. , Zahle Frederik 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In optimal wind turbine design, there is a compromise between maximizing the energy producing forces and minimizing the absolute peak loads carried by the structures. Active flaps are an attractive strategy because they give engineers greater freedom to vary the aerodynamic forces under any condition. Flaps can be used in a variety of different ways (i.e. reducing fatigue, peak loads), but this article focuses on how quasi-static actuation as a function of mean wind speed can be used for annual energy production (AEP) maximization. Numerical design optimization of the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine (RWT), with the HAWTOpt2 framework, was used to both find the optimal flap control strategy and the optimal turbine designs. The research shows that active flaps can provide a 1 % gain in AEP for aero-structurally optimized blades in both add-on (i.e. the flap is added after the blade is designed) and integrated (i.e. the blade design and flap angle is optimized together) solutions. The results show that flaps are complementary to passive load alleviation because they provide high-order alleviation, where passive strategies only provide linear alleviation with respect to average wind speed. However, the changing loading from the flaps further complicates the design of torsionally active blades; thus, integrated design methods are needed to design these systems.
How Moravian Are the Moravians? The Paradox of Moravian Identity
Authors: Vogt Peter 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
In this article, the author sets forth the paradoxes and shortcomings of the designation “Moravian” for the Moravian Church as the name does neither refer to the historical place of origin nor to the ethnic identity of its members. Furthermore, the name suggests a larger degree of continuity between the Ancient Unity of Brethren and the Renewed Moravian Church than many historians are willing to accept. In fact, so the author argues, the previously widely accepted name Unity of Brethren expresses the theological foundations of Moravian identity much better. The author concludes that the name “Moravian” stands for an association with a story, similar to the narrative theology of the Bible. This is the story of those who left Moravia to form a new community of faith, binding together people from different cultures and backgrounds.
Preliminary Studies of Synthetic Dye Adsorption on Iron Sludge and Activated Carbons
Authors: Świderska-Dąbrowska Renata , Piaskowski Krzysztof , Zarzycki Paweł K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
There is great interest in the search for multifunctional waste-based materials that may be applied as environmentally friendly adsorbents. Iron-rich sludge from ground drinking-water treatment plants may be considered a potential adsorbent for various water contaminants. This material is generated during ground water purification because of the excess of metal ions in water (Fe, Mn). In practice, this sludge is frequently disposed of as waste material and, so far, is not commonly applied as the adsorption base. Our research aims to explore the adsorption potential of iron sludge for selected synthetic dyes, including malachite green, ponceau 4R, and brilliant blue FCF. Experimental data were performed using iron sludge collected from the Groundwater Treatment Plant in Koszalin, Poland, and comparing it with adsorption properties of commercial activated carbons (Norit SA Super and Norit CA 1). The kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and temperature influence on the removal of target dyes were investigated and discussed. Preliminary experimental data have revealed that iron sludge can be considered an adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes.
Colorado vs Uruguay : deux modes opposés de légalisation du cannabis
Authors: Gandilhon Michel , Obradovic Ivana , Lalam Nacer , Alimi Déborah , Weinberger David 
Published: May 2018

Les légalisations de l’usage du cannabis récréatif intervenues en Uruguay et au Colorado constituent une rupture sans précédent dans l’histoire des politiques publiques visant à réguler l’usage de cette substance. Une approche comparative des deux processus dans chacun des deux pays fait apparaître toutefois que la notion de « légalisation » est insuffisante pour rendre compte de la nature et de l’effectivité des politiques menées. En effet, des oppositions fondamentales, déterminées par des philosophies et des traditions politiques et nationales bien spécifiques, séparent les deux approches. Ces divergences tiennent notamment à la place et au rôle de l’État, ainsi qu’à l’importance accordée aux mécanismes du marché dans le processus de régulation. Les deux expériences en cours démontrent que les processus de légalisation sont aussi l’expression de visions de la société et du monde différentes, de même que de traditions nationales bien spécifiques.
La consommation de cannabis au Québec et au Canada : portrait et évolution
Authors: Tessier Sébastien , Noël Lina 
Published: May 2018

Contexte : En 2013, environ 3 millions de Canadiens de 15 ans et plus ont rapporté avoir déjà consommé du cannabis. Les adolescents et les jeunes adultes représentent les groupes où l’on retrouve les plus grandes proportions de consommateurs de cannabis au Québec et au Canada.
Objectif : Établir un portrait de la consommation de cannabis au Québec et au Canada selon l’âge, le sexe et le lieu de résidence.
Méthodes : Les données utilisées pour établir le portrait de l’usage de cannabis au cours de la vie et au cours des 12 derniers mois proviennent d’enquêtes canadiennes et québécoises sur la santé de la population réalisées entre 2004 et 2013. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées par l’entremise de l'Infocentre de santé publique à l'Institut national de santé publique du Québec.
Résultats : En 2013, la prévalence de la consommation de cannabis au cours de la vie chez les Canadiens âgés de 15 ans et plus s'élevait à 33,7 %. Au cours de l’année précédant l’enquête, 10,6 % de la population générale canadienne rapportait avoir fait usage de cannabis. L’enquête de 2008 menée auprès de la population québécoise indiquait que 12 % des Québécois de 15 ans et plus avaient consommé du cannabis au cours de l’année précédente. Les adolescents (15 à 17 ans) et les jeunes adultes (18 à 24 ans) représentaient les groupes où l’on retrouvait la plus grande proportion de consommateurs de cannabis, soit respectivement 30,2 % et 35,3 % d’entre eux. La consommation de cannabis dans la dernière année chez les Canadiens de 15 ans et plus a diminué au cours de la dernière décennie, passant de 14,1 % en 2004 à 10,6 % en 2013. La diminution de la consommation de cannabis est aussi observable chez les jeunes du secondaire au Québec entre 2000 et 2013 avec une baisse de 17,7 %.
Conclusion : Le cannabis est une substance consommée par un grand nombre d’individus dans la population. Cependant, il importe de mentionner qu’une baisse de la consommation de cannabis au cours des 12 derniers mois a été observée depuis le début des années 2000, surtout chez les plus jeunes. Comme le gouvernement fédéral s’apprête à légaliser cette substance, il serait tout indiqué de suivre l’évolution de la consommation de cannabis et des problèmes connexes dans la population.
Mes doigts sont-ils à moi ?
Authors: Chion Michel 
Published: May 2018

L’auteur s’attache à une série de films mettant en scène des musiciens classiques dont la carrière est traversée par leurs problèmes sentimentaux ou leurs névroses ; il s’intéresse particulièrement au mélodrame The Seventh Veil (Robert Compton-Bennett, 1945) dont l’action conjugue les motifs du pianiste ténébreux et de la pianiste-victime. Analysant le montage des corps des interprètes (celui de l’actrice, celui de sa doublure), il montre comment ce film dit le faux quand il fait croire par des inserts de mains d’une virtuose que c’est l’actrice qui joue du piano, et comment, en même temps, il dit le vrai par le faux quand il illustre métaphoriquement que les mains de quelqu’un ne lui appartiennent pas complètement : elles sont dressées, menées, mais aussi tentées, happées, entraînées par une autre force dont le reste du corps ne trahit rien.
Comment on “Next‐Generation Ice Core Technology Reveals True Minimum Natural Levels of Lead (Pb) in the Atmosphere: Insights From the Black Death” by More et al.
Authors: Hinkley Todd 
Published: May 2018

Plain Language SummaryMore et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GH000064) state that lead (Pb) concentrations in ice core from the high‐altitude site Colle Gnifetti in Switzerland, reflecting atmospheric deposition over the past two millennia, have been consistently high because of human technological activity. They posit that abrupt departures toward smaller concentrations are caused by economic disruptions resulting from bubonic plague in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (plus a brief late nineteenth century economic depression), and by a decline in atmospheric injection of industrial Pb in the most recent few decades. Concentrations of Pb reported over those short anomalous intervals are very small, at least as small as in most pre‐industrial Antarctic ice. More et al. believe that these intervals reflect natural, pre‐anthropogenic levels. Their interpretation conflicts with a body of scientific information about the geochemical behavior and sources of Pb and how Pb is deposited by the atmosphere. To evaluate the validity of the interpretation of More et al. it is important to know (a) whether Pb in the ice is accompanied by other trace metals known to be present in natural sources; and (b) whether the isotopic composition of Pb in the ice is consistent with mined Pb or Pb from other, natural sources.
Comment on “Next‐Generation Ice Core Technology Reveals True Minimum Natural Levels of Lead (Pb) in the Atmosphere: Insights From the Black Death” by More et al.
Authors: Bindler Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the past four decades numerous studies of lake sediment, marine sediment, and peat from sites in close proximity to mining or metallurgical centers and in remote locations have detailed local and regional histories of lead (Pb) pollution in Europe. Contrary to More et al.'s (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GH000064) claim that “previous assumptions about preindustrial “natural” background lead levels in the atmosphere have been misleading,” these studies have clearly shown that true natural background conditions occurred more than 2,500 or even 3,500 years ago, and Pb pollution has proceeded uninterrupted since. The implications of this have been discussed within the context of environmental policy, for example, European Water Framework Directive. Though these records reflect a common European narrative of mining, metallurgy, and pollution, each reflects a combination of local and regional events, leading to differences in the timing and intensity of changes in each Pb record. No one record—ice or otherwise—fully represents the three millennia Pb pollution history in Europe. While the resolution of the ice record is impressive, there are questions about its interpretation. First, the authors discount local and regional Pb sources, whereas there is a close connection between the mining history in an area 40 km from the glacier and changes in a nearby lake Pb record; second, significant changes in ice chemistry cooccurring with the lowest Pb values are overlooked. A sharp increase in Ca/Fe ratios occurs precisely with the steepest Pb declines during the Black Death and mid‐1400s, suggesting additional processes influencing the Pb record.
Gold Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy and Recent Progress in Nanobrachytherapy
Authors: Laprise‐Pelletier Myriam , Simão Teresa , Fortin Marc‐André 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the last few decades, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have emerged as “radiosensitizers” in oncology. Radiosensitizers are additives that can enhance the effects of radiation on biological tissues treated with radiotherapy. The interaction of photons with GNPs leads to the emission of low‐energy and short‐range secondary electrons, which in turn increase the dose deposited in tissues. In this context, GNPs are the subject of intensive theoretical and experimental studies aiming at optimizing the parameters leading to greater dose enhancement and highest therapeutic effect. This review describes the main mechanisms occurring between photons and GNPs that lead to dose enhancement. The outcome of theoretical simulations of the interactions between GNPs and photons is presented. Finally, the findings of the most recent in vivo studies about interactions between GNPs and photon sources (e.g., external beams, brachytherapy sources, and molecules labeled with radioisotopes) are described. The advantages and challenges inherent to each of these approaches are discussed. Future directions, providing new guidelines for the successful translation of GNPs into clinical applications, are also highlighted.