bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive ventilation and renal replacement therapy in do‐not‐intubate order critically ill patients: A brief report
Authors: Catalanotti Vito , Pisani Lara , Betti Sara , Bensai Serena , Prediletto Irene , Fasano Luca , Nava Stefano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMultiple organ failure has been considered a contraindication for noninvasive ventilation (NIV).Materials and methodsWe described the outcome of Do‐not‐Intubate (DNI) patients with acute respiratory failure, treated with NIV and, subsequently, necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT).Results and discussionSeven patients admitted to our Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) during NIV treatment and received RRT for 12.8 ± 8 days together with NIV. All the patients but one, discontinued renal support because they regained a satisfactory urinary output; nevertheless mortality rate was high (71%).ConclusionOur data suggest that RRT could be feasible together with NIV. RRT was associated with an acute improvement in renal function but did not modify the mortality rate.
Determining the optimal fasting glucose target for patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of the multicentre, open‐label, randomized‐controlled FPG GOAL trial
Authors: Yang Wenying , Ma Jianhua , Yuan Guoyue , Li Ling , Zhang Min , Lu Yibing , Ye Xinhua , Song Weihong , Liu Ming , Wu Jun , Chen Riqiu , Li Yunguang , Zhang Xia , Cui Nan , Yang Jinkui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe optimal fasting blood glucose (FBG) target of achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients remains controversial. This open‐label trial randomized (1:3:3) 947 adults with uncontrolled T2D (HbA1c >7% to ≤10.5%) who were using one to three oral antidiabetic drugs to achieve an FBG target of 3.9 < FBG ≤5.6 mmol/L (Group 1), 3.9 < FBG ≤6.1 mmol/L (Group 2) or of 3.9 < FBG ≤7.0 mmol/L (Group 3). Targets were achieved using a pre‐defined insulin glargine 100 U/mL titration scheme. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% at 24 weeks. At 24 weeks, 44.4%, 46.1% and 37.7% of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P = 0.017; Group 2 vs Group 3). Alert hypoglycaemia (glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L) was significantly more frequent in Group 1 than in Group 3 (38.9 vs 23.3%; P < 0.001) but was not in Group 2 vs Group 3 (27.5% vs 23.3%; P = 0.177). Clinically important hypoglycaemia (glucose ≤3.0 mmol/L) was reported in 4.8%, 2.0% and 3.8% of patients in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In conclusion, the optimal FBG target for most Chinese patients with T2D appears to be 3.9‐6.1 mmol/L.
Cardiovascular safety of linagliptin compared with other oral glucose‐lowering agents in patients with type 2 diabetes: A sequential monitoring programme in routine care
Authors: Patorno Elisabetta , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekar , Brodovicz Kimberly G. , Meyers Andrea , Bartels Dorothee B. , Liu Jun , Kulldorff Martin , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the safety of linagliptin versus other glucose‐lowering medications in a multi‐year monitoring programme using insurance claims data.MethodsIn two commercial US claims databases, we identified three pairwise 1:1 propensity‐score (PS)‐matched cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) aged ≥18 years initiating linagliptin or a comparator (other dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 [DPP‐4] inhibitors [n = 31 492 pairs], pioglitazone [n = 23 316 pairs], or second‐generation sulphonylureas [n = 19 731 pairs]) between May 2011 and December 2015. The primary endpoint was the risk of a composite cardiovascular (CV) outcome (hospitalization for myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, or coronary revascularization). We estimated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for >100 baseline characteristics.ResultsPatient characteristics were well balanced after PS‐matching. The mean age was 55 years and mean follow‐up was 0.8 years. Linagliptin conferred a similar risk of the composite CV outcome compared to other DPP‐4 inhibitors (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79‐1.05) and pioglitazone (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.84‐1.15), and showed a reduced risk of CV outcomes compared to second‐generation sulphonylureas (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.64‐‐0.92). Key findings were signalled at the first interim analysis in June 2013 and solidified during ongoing monitoring until 2015.ConclusionAnalyses from a large monitoring programme in routine care of patients with T2D, showed that linagliptin had similar CV safety compared to other DPP‐4 inhibitors and pioglitazone, and a reduced CV risk compared to sulphonylureas.
Critical Literacy and Transformative Social Practice: An Ethical Grounding
Authors: Hearfield Colin , Boughton Bob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractColin Hearfield and Bob Boughton contend that, over roughly the past seventy‐five years, a number of writers have attempted to underwrite the relationship between critical literacy and transformative social practice with an ethics of freedom and social justice. The first two such writers they address, Frantz Fanon and Paulo Freire, draw on a humanist ethics of social freedom, whereas the latter two, Amartya Sen and Jack Mezirow, turn respectively to Immanuel Kant's moral theory of individual freedom and Jürgen Habermas's ethics of communicative interaction. Hearfield and Boughton begin by discussing various shortcomings of the approach each of these writers takes, and then argue that a more adequate grounding can be found in Axel Honneth's ethics of recognition, where the idea of social freedom again comes to prominence. Unlike the others, Honneth, a contemporary German philosopher and former research assistant of Habermas, does not address explicitly the issue of critical literacy, but he does speak of the right to education as an already significant aspect of the modern ethics of recognition. The driving motivation for Hearfield and Boughton's discussion in this article is the situation of many Indigenous Australians who remain unable to read or write Standard Australian English (SAE) and thus cannot participate, or have an effective voice, in deliberations concerning their own and their people's situation in the political landscape of modern Australia.
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and the Demands of Education
Authors: Hansen David T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648–1695) is a legend in her native Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America. She is esteemed for the artistic and intellectual quality of her wide‐ranging poetry, plays, and prose writings. She is renowned for her defense of the right of women to study, to publish their scholarship, and to teach, all controversial claims in her era of Catholic patriarchy. In recent decades, Sor Juana's work has finally become known to English‐speaking audiences. To date, however, no thorough analysis of her conception of education has been published in any field of educational research. In this essay, David Hansen addresses that oversight by examining several of her key works in order to illuminate her philosophy of education. For Sor Juana, education is an endlessly demanding ethical undertaking, in the sense of making serious claims on the person's commitments and sense of direction. At the same time, education positions the person to articulate serious, public demands for justice in society.
Dispelling the Burden of Agency: Receptive Learning During Political Crisis
Authors: Wahl Rachel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn response to a fractured and vitriolic public culture, many civic educators hope to cultivate students' ability to learn from people who are different from themselves. In this article Rachel Wahl illuminates how college students' conceptions of moral order shape their willingness to learn during deliberative dialogue from people whose political views they reject. While openness to difference is common to liberal conceptions of a good society, this inquiry suggests that the secular liberal emphasis on political change driven by individuals can, for principled reasons, constrain students' receptivity to their political opponents. Conversely, the evangelical belief that God is the source of transformation can, in surprising ways, form the basis for an ethics of receptivity. Drawing on Charles Taylor's conception of the primacy of moral identity and his assertion that ideals can be best understood through the study of how people enact them, Wahl argues here that some aspects of the secular liberal imaginary can hinder noninstrumental engagement, but that such engagement may be precisely what is needed to bridge the deepest divides.
Regulatory Dualism as an Alternative Trust‐Enhancing Mechanism for Dividends and Debt: Evidence from Brazil*
Authors: Lozano María Belén , López‐Iturriaga Félix J. , Braz‐Bezerra Victor Hugo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe test whether a market‐level corporate governance reform in Brazil influences the behavior of firms. To do so, we first verify whether the Novo Mercado (NM)—the segment applying more stringent corporate governance practices—impacts specific firms’ financial characteristics. We also investigate if it impacts firms’ dividends and leverage, two well‐known mechanisms for mitigating agency problems. Results show the NM impacts many firms’ characteristics and reduces firms’ dividends and leverage. We thus claim that market‐level reform may be an effective trust‐enhancing mechanism and may improve minority investor protection, thus providing evidence that a country's institutional setting can evolve over time.
Understanding the integration of family caregivers in delirium prevention care for hospitalized older adults: A case study protocol
Authors: Cohen Christine , Pereira Filipa , Kampel Thomas , Bélanger Louise 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo understand family caregiver involvement in delirium prevention care for older adults hospitalized for orthopaedic surgery hospitals and family caregiver integration by nurses.DesignMultiple‐case study.MethodsThe model of Care Partner Engagement was selected as theoretical framework. Eight cases will comprise an older adult hospitalized a family caregiver and a ward nurse. They will be recruited with a non‐probability sampling on two orthopaedic surgery wards in two hospitals. Semi‐structured interviews with participants will be audiotaped. Sociodemographic data will be collected. These data, researcher field notes and interview transcripts will be subjected to within‐ and across‐case thematic analysis. Regional ethics committee approved the study protocol in August 2018.DiscussionThe study will allow surgical nursing teams to gain a better understanding of the issues and possibilities regarding family caregiver integration in delirium prevention care for older adults.
Translation and validation of the Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire in Swedish—A first step to clarify the clinical research nurse role in Sweden
Authors: Backman Lönn Beatrice , Olofsson Niclas , Jong Mats 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesTo translate the Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire (CTNQ) into Swedish and test it for face and content validity as well as internal consistency and reproducibility using test–retest procedures.Introduction/BackgroundIn many countries, as in Sweden, a registered nurse can be involved in research by becoming a clinical research nurse. The clinical research nurse plays a pivotal role in clinical studies as a part of the research team. Scales have been developed and used with the objective to clarify the role of clinical research nurses: one of them is the CTNQ.MethodsA quantitative cross‐sectional design with a test–retest procedure was applied to validate the translated questionnaire. By using a snowball sampling method, relevant participants were identified and 49 registered nurses working in the field of research as clinical research nurses answered the questionnaire on two occasions. An expert panel of three clinical research nurses evaluated the questionnaire for face and content validity. The STROBE checklist for observational research has been followed for presenting the research (see File S1).ResultsFace and content validity was agreed upon in the expert panel group. Tests for internal consistency of the CTNQ was calculated and showed a high Cronbach's alpha for both the frequency and importance subscales. The test–retest correlation analysis (reproducibility) also revealed a high correlation coefficient for both subscales.ConclusionThe CTNQ‐SWE is a valid and robust instrument in a Swedish version. The instrument can be of importance in assessing the role of clinical research nurses in Sweden in future studies.Relevance to clinical practiceUse of the CTNQ‐SWE in future research can be of value for clarification and professional development of the clinical research nurse role in Sweden. The further use of the CTNQ in Sweden can be of value in understanding the process where licensed nurses make a transition into becoming a clinical research nurse, and to identify needs for customised education.
Family needs during critical illness in the Emergency Department: A retrospective factor analysis of data from three countries
Authors: Redley Bernice , Phiri Lesego M. , Heyns Tanya , Wang Wei , Han Chin‐Yen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine underlying factor structure of the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory—Emergency Department across three countries to identify similarities and differences.BackgroundUnderstanding family needs assists nurses to provide family‐centred care to deliver optimal outcomes for critically ill patients and their families in Emergency Departments.DesignRetrospective secondary analyses of data collected in three cross‐sectional surveys.MethodsConvenience samples involved recruitment of family members accompanying a critically ill relative into four Emergency Departments in Australia (2), South Africa (1) and Taiwan (1). Item‐matched raw data from 374 responses to 40 items from the surveys were collated and analysed using confirmatory factor analysis methods. Reporting adhered to an adapted STROBE checklist.ResultsThe factor structure of the 40‐item Critical Care Family Needs Inventory—Emergency Department differed between countries. Analyses of the Australian data revealed a four‐factor solution comprised of 18 items across four categories of family need (support, communication, participation and comfort); the Taiwanese data also demonstrated a four‐factor solution comprised of 13 items (support, communication, participation and comfort); alternatively, the South African data revealed a two‐factor solution comprised of nine items (communication and participation). Fifteen items did not match across the countries. However, loading for four items common across all three countries was related to family participation (3) and communication (1).ConclusionsThe findings suggest family members from different countries responded to Critical Care Family Needs Inventory—Emergency Department items in different ways. Consistent with concepts of family‐centred care, the study identified participation and communication needs that were common across the countries. The outcomes illustrate the challenge of providing appropriate care for family members during critical illness of a relative in the ED.Relevance to clinical practiceFamily perceptions of important needs during critical illness in the Emergency Department differ across countries; hence, the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory—Emergency Department has limited utility. Participation and communication needs emerged as common family needs.
Symptom description in patients with chest pain—A qualitative analysis of emergency medical calls involving high‐risk conditions
Authors: Wibring Kristoffer , Herlitz Johan , Lingman Markus , Bång Angela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the symptoms descriptions and situational information provided by patients during ongoing chest pain events caused by a high‐risk condition.BackgroundChest pain is a common symptom in patients contacting emergency dispatch centres. Only 15% of these patients are later classified as suffering from a high‐risk condition. Prehospital personnel are largely dependent on symptom characteristics when trying to identify these patients.DesignQualitative descriptive.MethodsManifest content analysis of 56 emergency medical calls involving patients with chest pain was carried out. A stratified purposive sampling was used to obtain calls concerning patients with high‐risk conditions. These calls were then listened to and transcribed. Thereafter, meaning units were identified and coded and finally categorised. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies guidelines have been applied.ResultsA wide range of situational information and symptoms descriptions was found. Pain and affected breathing were dominating aspects, but other situational information and several other symptoms were also reported. The situational information and these symptoms were classified into seven categories: Pain narrative, Affected breathing, Bodily reactions, Time, Bodily whereabouts, Fear and concern and Situation management. The seven categories consisted of 17 subcategories.ConclusionsPatients with chest pain caused by a high‐risk condition present a wide range of symptoms which are described in a variety of ways. They describe different kinds of chest pain accompanied by pain from other parts of the body. Breathing difficulties and bodily reactions such as muscle weakness are also reported. The variety of symptoms and the absence of a typical symptomatology make risk stratification on the basis of symptoms alone difficult.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the importance of an open mind when assessing patients with chest pain and the requirement of a decision support tool in order to improve risk stratification in these patients.
Estimating Braking Performance in Osteoarthritis of the Knee or Hip with a Reaction Timer
Authors: von Bernstorff Maximilian , Rapp Jennifer , Bausenhart Felix , Feierabend Martina , Ipach Ingmar , Hofmann Ulf K 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate if testing in a brake simulator can be replaced by a simple reaction timer setup imitating the ergonomic conditions of emergency braking when evaluating the ability to drive in patients with musculoskeletal problems of the lower extremities.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was performed in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in our University Hospital from October 2014 until May 2015. Patients attending our department with either osteoarthritis or arthroplasty of the knee or hip were asked to participate in the study if they had a valid driving license. The age limit was from 18 to 85 years. Both women and men were included. Registered demographic data were patient age, height, sex, body weight, and body mass index. Braking performance (brake response time [BRT]) was evaluated in a brake simulator that was embedded into a real car cabin (10 measurements). The values obtained were compared with those registered when simply testing (5 measurements) those patients with a normal reaction timer setup that imitated the sitting position in a car. Kendall's tau correlation coefficient was calculated between the values obtained from the brake simulator with those from the reaction timer setup.ResultsAltogether, 137 patients (median age 67 years [range, 24–89 years]) with either osteoarthritis of the knee (n = 55) or hip (n = 82) were tested. Age was comparable in both collectives (P = 0.807). The mean body height was 1.70 m in both groups. Knee patients presented with a higher body weight of approximately 5 kg (P = 0.014) and consequently also had a higher body mass index (P = 0.023). The median BRT in the brake simulator was 628 ms (range, 390–1444 ms) for all subjects: 592 ms (range, 418–1146 ms) in the hip group and 696 ms (range, 390–1444 ms) in the knee group. Measurement values obtained by the reaction timer were significantly (P < 0.001) higher by approximately 15% (SD, 22%) than those measured in the brake simulator. A moderate correlation was found between the reaction timer and the brake simulator, with a Kendall's tau of 0.449 (P < 0.001) for all patients. Interestingly, hip patients showed a higher correlation (τ = 0.471) than knee patients (τ = 0.263).ConclusionEven though the measured correlations do not allow us to make a definite statement concerning braking performance, especially in knee patients, a simple reaction timer test can provide a low‐cost first estimate of BRT for patients and their treating physicians. For forensic statements, the brake simulator will, however, remain the gold standard.
Potassium mediates coordination of leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance by modifications of leaf anatomy
Authors: Lu Zhifeng , Xie Kailiu , Pan Yonghui , Ren Tao , Lu Jianwei , Wang Min , Shen Qirong , Guo Shiwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTypical symptoms of potassium deficiency, characterized as chlorosis or withered necrosis, occur concomitantly with downregulated photosynthesis and impaired leaf water transport. However, the prominent limitations and mechanisms underlying the concerted decreases of leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance are poorly understood. Monocots and dicots were investigated based on responses of photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance and their components and the correlated anatomical determinants to potassium deficiency. We found a conserved pattern in which leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance concurrently decreased under potassium starvation. However, monocots and dicots showed two different hydraulic‐redesign strategies: Dicots tended to show a decreased minor vein density, whereas monocots reduced the size of the bundle sheath and its extensions, rather than the minor vein density; both of these strategies may restrain xylem and outside‐xylem hydraulic conductance. Additionally, potassium‐deprived leaves developed with fewer mesophyll cell‐to‐cell connections, leading to a reduced area being available for liquid‐phase flow. Further quantitative analysis revealed that mesophyll conductance to CO2 and outside‐xylem hydraulic resistance were the major contributors to photosynthetic limitation and increased hydraulic resistance, at more than 50% and 60%, respectively. These results emphasize the importance of potassium in the coordinated regulation of leaf photosynthesis and hydraulic conductance through modifications of leaf anatomy.
Nudging the Neoliberal Agenda: Administrative Opportunities in the Deregulated State
Authors: Kasdan David Oliver 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe current climate of neoliberalism in the executive branch is attended by active deregulation and distrust of the administrative state. As protections are rolled back, there is concern that individuals may be susceptible to information asymmetries that will influence their decision making, leading to detrimental outcomes for both their own and the general welfare. Behavioral public administration—the bureaucratic conception of “nudge” theory—offers ways to counter the pitfalls that come with greater freedom of choice, as promoted by the neoliberal agenda. Public administrators may employ alternative mechanisms, such as choice architecture, to help people make better decisions in the absence of explicitly protective regulations. After laying out the argument for a behavioral approach, this article analyzes several neoliberal agenda issues with potential nudge responses for practical implementation, as well as a justifiable call for action to protect the public welfare in the absence of policy guidance.