bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow of a slot jet impinging on a confined concave surface with various curvature and small jet to target spacing
Authors: Qiu Dandan , Luo Lei , Wang Songtao , Sunden Bengt Ake , Zhang Xinhong 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study aims to focus on the surface curvature, jet to target spacing and jet Reynolds number effects on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a slot jet impinging on a confined concave target surface at constant jet to target spacing.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical simulations are used in this research. Jet to target spacing, H/B is varying from 1.0 to 2.2, B is the slot width. The jet Reynolds number, Rej, varies from 8,000 to 40,000, and the surface curvature, R2/B, varies from 4 to 20. Results of the target surface heat transfer, flow parameters and fluid flow in the concave channel are performed.

Findings
It is found that an obvious backflow occurs near the upper wall. Both the local and averaged Nusselt numbers considered in the defined region respond positively to the Rej. The surface curvature plays a positive role in increasing the averaged Nusselt number for smaller surface curvature (4-15) but affects little as the surface curvature is large enough (> 15). The thermal performance is larger for smaller surface curvature and changes little as the surface curvature is larger than 15. The jet to target spacing shows a negative effect in heat transfer enhancement and thermal performance.

Originality/value
The surface curvature effects are conducted by verifying the concave surface with constant jet size. The flow characteristics are first obtained for the confined impingement cases. Then confined and unconfined slot jet impingements are compared. An ineffective point for surface curvature effects on heat transfer and thermal performance is obtained.
Chemical reaction effectiveness in non-Darcian nanofluid radiated flow considering entropy generation
Authors: Kiyani M.Z. , Hayat Tasawar , Ahmad I. , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the entropy generation in magnetohydrodynamics stagnation point mixed convection flow of Carreau nanofluid through porous medium.

Design/methodology/approach
The system is solved using the homotopy scheme.

Findings
Minimizing radiation, magnetic, permeability and temperature difference parameters responds to minimizing entropy production.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such analysis has yet been reported.
Chinese writing development of Kindergarten students over 12 months
Authors: Li Lijuan , Mok Magdalena Mo Ching , Wu Weidong 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the writing development of Hong Kong kindergarten students over 12 months. They attended 18 kindergartens territory-wide and were followed from June 2002 to June 2003 for the collection of three waves of teacher-rated data at six-month intervals.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the construct validity of the translated and culturally adapted version of Morrow’s (2012) checklist which assesses writing development was confirmed, considering that the students attended Hong Kong kindergartens who wrote in the Chinese language. The multilevel analysis, which employed corrected measures captured through Wolfe and Chiu’s (1999a, 1999b) five-step Rasch scaling method for a common frame of reference, estimated the effects of the factors, namely, student age, gender, class level and schools.FindingsThe children’s progress over the second six months was also apparently much smaller than the first SIX months for this cohort. The dramatic slow-down in the second six-month period for both cohorts might be partly attributed to the peculiar arrangement of schooling at that time.Research limitations/implicationsThe recommendation from this study is that random sampling and student test scores on writing need to be taken for the identification of the general trend of young children’s writing development in Hong Kong, as well as other Chinese communities alike.Originality/valueThe profile of the student’s emergent writing development at each six-month follow-up and over the 12 months was explored. Differences between the groups based on age, gender, class level and school in terms of student writing development on average were statistically significant.
Framework to support personalized learning in complex systems
Authors: Tadesse Aklilu Tilahun , Davidsen Pål Ingebrigt 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Numerous studies document that students struggle to comprehend complex dynamic systems (CDS). The purpose of this paper is to describe a design framework applied to the creation of a personalized and adaptive online interactive learning environment (OILE) to support students in their study of CDS.

Design/methodology/approach
A holistic instructional design is applied in five steps to create the OILE. The OILE has the following characteristics: first, it presents a complex, dynamic problem that learners should address in its entirety. It then allows learners to progress through a sequence of learning tasks from easy to complex. Second, after completion of each learning task, the OILE provides learners with supportive information based on their individual performance. The support fades away as learners gain expertise. Third, the OILE tracks and collects information on learners’ progress and generates learning analytics. The OILE was tested on 57 system dynamics students.

Findings
This paper provides evidence that supports the theoretical design framework from the literature. It also provides a sample from students’ progress logs to demonstrate how the OILE practically facilitated students’ cognitive development. In addition, it provides empirical evidence regarding students’ attitudes toward the OILE that was obtained from administering two questionnaires.

Originality/value
In light of supportive evidence from the literature, students’ progress in the cognitive domain, and confirmative response in the affective domain, the use of personalized and adaptive OILE to support learning about CDS is considered promising.
Investigating energy consumption and economic growth for BRICS-T countries
Authors: Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı , Yıldırım Seda , Demirtas Isıl 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for Brazil, Russia, China, India, South Africa and Turkey (BRICS-T) countries. In this context, this study investigates energy consumption and real output in BRICS-T countries through panel cointegration.Design/methodology/approachThe data include energy consumption and real output for BRICS-T countries and period of 1990–2014. The variables are transformed into natural logarithm. To analyze these data, this study employed Pedroni cointegration test, the second-generation panel cointegration test, Westerlund and Edgerton (2008) test and FMOLS test.FindingsResults indicate that there is a bi-directional causality relationship between energy consumption and economic growth for BRICS-T countries. An increase in GDP leads to an increase in energy consumption and an increase in energy consumption leads to an increase in GDP.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used data that include the period of 1990–2014 for BRICS-T countries. So, further studies can use different periods of data or different countries.Originality/valueThis study provides important evidence that countries with strong growth performance need to follow bi-directional energy policies to increase both energy investments and ensure energy savings.
Usefulness and limitations of thermal performance curves in predicting ectotherm development under climatic variability
Authors: Khelifa Rassim , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. , Roy Jeannine , Rohner Patrick T. , Mahdjoub Hayat 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Thermal performance curves (TPCs) have been estimated in multiple ectotherm species to understand their thermal plasticity and adaptation and to predict the effect of global warming. However, TPCs are typically assessed under constant temperature regimes, so their reliability for predicting thermal responses in the wild where temperature fluctuates diurnally and seasonally remains poorly documented.

Here, we use distant latitudinal populations of five species of sepsid flies (Diptera: Sepsidae) from the temperate region (Europe, North Africa, North America) to compare estimates derived from constant TPCs with observed development rate under fluctuating temperatures in laboratory and field conditions.

TPCs changed across gradients in that flies originating from higher latitudes showed accelerated development at higher temperatures, an adaptive response. TPCs were then used to predict development rates observed under fluctuating temperatures; these predictions were relatively accurate in the laboratory but not the field. Interestingly, the precision of TPC predictions depended not only on the resolution of temperature data, with daily and overall temperature summing performing better than hourly temperature summing, but also on the frequency of temperatures falling below the estimated critical minimum temperature. Hourly temperature resolution most strongly underestimated actual development rates, because flies apparently either did not stop growing when temperatures dropped below this threshold, or they sped up their growth when the temperature rose again, thus most severely reflecting this error.

We conclude that when flies do not encounter cold temperatures, TPC predictions based on constant temperatures can accurately reflect performance under fluctuating temperatures if adequately adjusted for nonlinearities, but when encountering cold temperatures, this method is more error‐prone.

Our study emphasizes the importance of the resolution of temperature data and cold temperatures in shaping thermal reaction norms.
Urea, Uric Acid, and Creatinine in Postmortem Blood, Vitreous Humor, and Synovial Fluid: A Comparative and Correlation Study,
Authors: Srettabunjong Supawon , Thongphap Wantawanop , Chittamma Anchalee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUrea, uric acid, and creatinine have been demonstrated to be relatively stable in postmortem blood (BL), thus being useful for diagnostic purposes. However, no studies have explored their levels in BL, vitreous humor (VH), and synovial fluid (SF) concurrently. Therefore, we measured and compared their levels in these fluids. We also determined the effects of various factors on their levels. The results indicated that BL urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were significantly higher than VH and SF levels. VH and SF urea levels and SF creatinine levels had a strong correlation with BL urea and creatinine levels, respectively. BL creatinine levels were higher in men than in women. BL and SF creatinine levels were negatively correlated with age. SF uric acid and BL, VH, and SF creatinine levels exhibited a positive correlation with weight. Only VH creatinine levels were positively correlated with body mass index. None of urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were correlated with postmortem interval.
Idiosyncratic deals and work‐to‐family conflict and enrichment: The mediating roles of fit perceptions and efficacy beliefs
Authors: Wang Peng , Wang Shuhong , Yao Xiang , Hsu I‐Chieh , Lawler John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIdiosyncratic deals (i‐deals), which involve personalised work arrangements negotiated between employees and their managers, offer a promising approach to accommodating the demands of a diverse workforce. In contrast with the traditional social exchange theory perspective, we integrate the theories of person–environment fit and self‐efficacy to examine the effect of flexibility i‐deals on both work‐to‐family conflict and enrichment. We specifically consider two mediating mechanisms: needs–supplies (N‐S) fit and family‐role efficacy. Results from two Chinese samples reveal that supervisor‐rated flexibility i‐deals relate positively with employees' family‐role efficacy and N‐S fit. These, in turn, relate to work‐to‐family conflict negatively and to work‐to‐family enrichment positively. Monte Carlo bootstrapping analyses confirm the indirect effects of N‐S fit and family‐role efficacy. By using an alternative theoretical perspective, we add to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the i‐deals effect. This study expands existing i‐deals research to an empirically underrepresented area: work–family enrichment. Our findings also confirm the work–family benefits of i‐deals and strengthen managers' confidence regarding the merits of implementing i‐deals in the workplace.
Systemische Sklerodermie – die dermatologische Sicht
Authors: Sticherling Michael 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie systemische Sklerodermie oder Systemsklerose gehört in die Gruppe der entzündlichen Bindegewebserkrankungen und tritt im Wesentlichen mit zwei unterschiedlichen Verläufen, der akral limitierten und der diffusen Sklerodermie, auf. Beide sind durch eine Raynaud‐Symptomatik, eine anfallsweise Weißverfärbung der Akren, charakterisiert. Der Verlauf der diffusen Sklerodermie ist jedoch wesentlich schneller und geht mit einer frühzeitigen und prognosebestimmenden Organbeteiligung einher. Die ursachenorientierte Therapie der Erkrankung ist schwierig und beruht neben allgemeinen Maßnahmen der Lebensführung auf einer Verbesserung der rheologischen Situation sowie dem Einsatz von Immunmodulatoren und Immunsuppressiva, deren Effekte jedoch allenfalls krankheitsverlangsamend sind.
Taking Care into Account: Leveraging India's MGNREGA for Women's Empowerment
Authors: Chopra Deepta 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe potential of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) for women's empowerment is immense. Studies examining gender‐related issues in MGNREGA have attested to the high levels of participation of women on worksites, and their positive experiences of working in MGNREGA. This article argues, however, that an exclusive focus on increased participation of women does not serve an agenda of promoting ‘women's empowerment’. By ignoring the dynamics and processes of unpaid care work, both the making and the implementation of the Act fall short of the goal of women's empowerment. The author argues that this invisibilizing of care arises from the gendered nature of the interactions of formal and informal institutions that have shaped MGNREGA. The article examines the gendered debates during the formulation of the Act and analyses the gendered nature of its implementation. It concludes that a true focus on women's empowerment requires that women's lived experiences are taken into account, especially those relating to their unpaid care responsibilities. MGNREGA's potential for women's empowerment can only be achieved through adequate implementation and monitoring of its gender provisions, which in turn depend on changing the formal and informal institutions that underpin policy processes.
Psychometric assessment and application of the Chinese version of the Compliance with Annual Diabetic Eye Exams Survey in people with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zhu X. , Xu Y. , Xu X. , Zhu J. , He X. , Lu L. , Zou H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo translate the Compliance with Annual Diabetic Eye Exams Survey (CADEES) into Chinese, allowing assessment of its reliability and validity, and to identify variables that predict attendance at annual eye examinations.MethodsPeople with vision‐threatening diabetic retinopathy were recruited from the Shanghai Diabetic Eye Study. The study involved three phases: (1) translation and cross‐cultural adaptation, (2) a pilot study (n = 496) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese‐CADEES, and (3) a primary cross‐sectional survey (n = 3818) to assess self‐reported attendance at annual eye examinations. Factors related to non‐attendance were identified using univariate analysis, and then a multiple logistic regression model. Finally, a component model and individual item models were built to predict attendance.ResultsThe Chinese‐CADEES had satisfactory reliability and validity. The issue of low attendance at annual eye examinations was serious. In addition to 13 health belief items, living in semi‐urban suburban areas, shorter duration of diabetes, poor glucose control, lower education level, better presenting visual acuity and milder diabetic retinopathy diagnosis were significantly related to non‐attendance. The multivariate predictive model was able to predict, with 64.7% accuracy, whether or not participants were going to attend annual eye examinations and explained ~ 11.3% of the variance in attendance.ConclusionsThe Chinese‐CADEES showed good reliability and validity for predicting attendance at annual eye examinations in people with diabetic retinopathy. Clinicians and researchers can improve attendance by addressing modifiable characteristics and increasing education on diabetic retinopathy and the importance of eye health in people with diabetes.
Infection approach of Diplodia sapinea, the causal agent of tip blight of Pinus tabulaeformis in China
Authors: Li Xuewei , Liu Bingxiang , Ren Xiaojing , Cui Jianzhou , Li Huiping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo clarify the infection approach of Diplodia sapinea, a pathogen that causes tip blight of Pinus tabulaeformis, the infection process of the pathogen in needles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the disease incidence on branches damaged by Aphrophora flavipes (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and Dioryctria splendidella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the forest was also investigated. Then, branches and needles of P. tabulaeformis were inoculated using the D. sapinea spore suspension under indoor and field conditions. The results showed that the damage caused by A. flavipes could aggravate the occurrence of tip blight of P. tabulaeformis to some extent. Moreover, the pathogen could also penetrate 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old pine needles through stomata in the field. The pathogen infected the 1‐year‐old branches first and then gradually spread to 2‐ and 3‐year‐old branches.
Pest species of a fungus gnat genus Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera: Sciaridae) injuring agricultural and forestry products in Japan, with a review on taxonomy of allied species
Authors: Sueyoshi Masahiro , Yoshimatsu Shin‐Ichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgricultural and forestry pest species of the Bradysia tilicola group from Japan were revised taxonomically after examination of the type specimens. A sciarid pest of Welsh onion occurred from northern Saitama, Japan since 2014 and later from south‐eastern Gunma, Japan, was identified as B. odoriphaga Yang & Zhang, 1985, sp. rev. It was removed from synonymy of B. cellarum Frey, 1948, being the first record of the species from Japan. Bradysia agrestis Sasakawa, 1978, was assigned to be a junior synonym of B. impatiens (Johannsen, 1912). Bradysia paupera Tuomikoski, 1960, sp. rev., was removed from synonymy of B. impatiens and was recognized as a distinct species. We also compiled their host plants and fungi hitherto reported from Japan. Bradysia impatiens was here recorded from an indoor facility of cloud ear fungus, Auricularia polytricha (Montagne) Sacc., for the first time. At least 19 cultural crops belonging to 12 plant and fungal families were reported as actual and potential hosts of B. impatiens. We suggested that B. impatiens and B. paupera might have been confused in studies of mushroom production in Japan. Further survey of distribution of B. paupera in Japan needs to be done.
Carbon isotopic heterogeneity of coenzyme F430 and membrane lipids in methane‐oxidizing archaea
Authors: Bird Laurence R. , Dawson Katherine S. , Chadwick Grayson L. , Fulton James M. , Orphan Victoria J. , Freeman Katherine H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArchaeal ANaerobic MEthanotrophs (ANME) facilitate the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM), a process that is believed to proceed via the reversal of the methanogenesis pathway. Carbon isotopic composition studies indicate that ANME are metabolically diverse and able to assimilate metabolites including methane, methanol, acetate, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Our data support the interpretation that ANME in marine sediments at methane seeps assimilate both methane and DIC, and the carbon isotopic compositions of the tetrapyrrole coenzyme F430 and the membrane lipids archaeol and hydroxy‐archaeol reflect their relative proportions of carbon from these substrates. Methane is assimilated via the methyl group of CH3‐tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) and DIC from carboxylation reactions that incorporate free intracellular DIC. F430 was enriched in 13C (mean δ13C = −27‰ for Hydrate Ridge and −80‰ for the Santa Monica Basin) compared to the archaeal lipids (mean δ13C = −97‰ for Hydrate Ridge and −122‰ for the Santa Monica Basin). We propose that depending on the side of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle used to synthesize F430, its carbon was derived from 76% DIC and 24% methane via the reductive side or 57% DIC and 43% methane via the oxidative side. ANME lipids are predicted to contain 42% DIC and 58% methane, reflecting the amount of each assimilated into acetyl‐CoA. With isotope models that include variable fractionation during biosynthesis for different carbon substrates, we show the estimated amounts of DIC and methane can result in carbon isotopic compositions of − 73‰ to − 77‰ for F430 and − 105‰ for archaeal lipids, values close to those for Santa Monica Basin. The F430 δ13C value for Hydrate Ridge was 13C‐enriched compared with the modeled value, suggesting there is divergence from the predicted two carbon source models.
Morphology and nutritive value of perennial ryegrass cultivars at different phenological stages
Authors: Chen Ao , Bryant Racheal H. , Edwards Grant R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEight perennial ryegrass cultivars (representing the variations in ploidy, heading date and water‐soluble carbohydrates concentration) were investigated for morphology and nutritive value at three phenological stages: pre‐heading vegetative, reproductive and post‐flowering vegetative stages. Chemical compositions and digestibility of morphological components (lamina, pseudostem and reproductive stem) from each perennial ryegrass cultivar were analysed in a split‐plot design. At the vegetative stages, perennial ryegrass cultivars differed significantly in the proportions of lamina and pseudostem. Tetraploid cultivars, Base and Bealey, always had the greatest lamina proportion (51.8% and 53.2% at the pre‐heading and post‐flowering vegetative stages respectively). At the reproductive stage, the emergence of seed heads diminished the differences in morphology among cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cultivars also had distinct nutritive value throughout three phenological stages. The high‐sugar cultivar, AberMagic, had high WSC concentrations (276, 227 and 90 g/kg DM at the pre‐heading vegetative, reproductive and post‐flowering vegetative stages respectively); the intermediate‐heading cultivars, Kamo and Commando, generally had a lower organic matter digestibility in dry matter than the late‐heading cultivars at the pre‐heading vegetative (70.7% vs. 74.4%) and reproductive stage (63.9% vs. 68.2%). However, although the morphological components were different in nutritive value consistently, the differences in morphology did not account for the variation in nutritive value among perennial ryegrass cultivars.