bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Particles for Interactive Flow Visualization
Authors: Engelke Wito , Lawonn Kai , Preim Bernhard , Hotz Ingrid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present an interactive approach to analyse flow fields using a new type of particle system, which is composed of autonomous particles exploring the flow. While particles provide a very intuitive way to visualize flows, it is a challenge to capture the important features with such systems. Particles tend to cluster in regions of low velocity and regions of interest are often sparsely populated. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose an automatic adaption of the particle density with respect to local importance measures. These measures are user defined and the systems sensitivity to them can be adjusted interactively. Together with the particle history, these measures define a probability for particles to multiply or die, respectively. There is no communication between the particles and no neighbourhood information has to be maintained. Thus, the particles can be handled in parallel and support a real‐time investigation of flow fields. To enhance the visualization, the particles' properties and selected field measures are also used to specify the systems rendering parameters, such as colour and size. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on different simulated vector fields from technical and medical applications.
Changes in telomere length with aging in human neurons and glial cells revealed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis
Authors: Tomita Ken‐ichiro , Aida Junko , Izumiyama‐Shimomura Naotaka , Nakamura Ken‐ichi , Ishikawa Naoshi , Matsuda Yoko , Arai Tomio , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Kumasaka Toshio , Takahashi‐Fujigasaki Junko , Hiraishi Naoki , Yamada Misaki , Fujiwara Mutsunori , Takubo Kaiyo 
Published: August 2018

AimThe telomere is a structure present at the ends of chromosomes, and is known to shorten with aging and successive rounds of cell division. However, very little is known about telomere attrition in post‐mitotic cells, such as neurons.MethodsUsing our originally developed quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization method, we analyzed age‐dependent alterations of telomere length in three types of cells in the human cerebrum: neurons and glial cells in both the gray and white matter.ResultsIn adults, telomeres were significantly longer in neurons than in glial cells, whereas in infants, telomere lengths did not differ among the three cell types. No aging‐related telomere attrition was evident in neurons. However, the telomeres of glial cells were shorter in older individuals than in younger individuals, and attrition was more rapid in the white matter than in the gray matter.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that the telomeres of neurons remain stable throughout life, whereas telomeres in white matter glial cells become significantly shorter with age. Examination of adults showed no significant correlation between telomere length and age in the three cell types. Although the present study was cross‐sectional, the results suggest that telomere shortening before adolescence contributes to the significant decrease of telomere length in white matter glial cells. The present findings in normal cerebral tissues will be informative for future studies of telomere stability in the diseased brain. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1507–1512.
Determination of oil and moisture distribution in fried potatoes using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Isik Betul , Sahin Serpil , Oztop Mecit Halil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine oil and moisture distribution in fried potatoes using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as nondestructive technique and to establish a correlation between moisture content and oil content of fried potatoes with MRI results. In addition, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of frying time, predrying and precoating by hydroxyprophylmethylcellulose (HPMC) on moisture loss and oil uptake of the samples. Coating with HPMC was the best pretreatment to reduce oil uptake. Spin echo (SE) and multislice–multi‐echo (MSME) pulse sequences were used to obtain longitudinal relaxation time (T1) weighted and water suppression images and also spin–spin relaxation time (T2) maps of the samples. Results confirmed that by using different MR imaging sequences, prediction of oil and moisture contents (r > 0.70) and exploring the distribution of oil and moisture within the fried pototaes was possible.Practical applicationsMRI, as being a nondestructive technique offers advantages compared to conventional methods of moisture and oil content measurements. Moreover, use of spin–spin relaxation time (T2) maps provided further information for moisture and oil distribution on the samples. MR images could also be used to extract information about the microstructure of the sample.
Higher Quality, Lower Cost with an Innovative Geriatrics Consultation Service
Authors: Bernstein Juliana M. , Graven Peter , Drago Kathleen , Dobbertin Konrad , Eckstrom Elizabeth 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo design a value‐driven, interprofessional inpatient geriatric consultation program coordinated with systems‐level changes and studied outcomes and costs.DesignPropensity‐matched case–control study of older adults hospitalized at an academic medical center (AMC) who did or did not receive geriatric consultation.SettingSingle tertiary‐care AMC in Portland, Oregon.ParticipantsAdults aged 70 and older who received an inpatient geriatric consultation (n=464) and propensity‐matched controls admitted before development of the consultation program (n=2,381). Pre‐ and postintervention controls were also incorporated into cost difference‐in‐difference analyses.MeasurementsDaily charges, total charges, length of stay (LOS), 30‐day readmission, intensive care unit (ICU) days, Foley catheter days, total medication doses per day, high‐risk medication doses per day, advance directive and Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST) documentation, restraint orders, discharge to home, and mortality.ResultsOn average, individuals who received a geriatric consultation had $611 lower charges per day than those without a consultation (p=.02). They spent on average 0.36 fewer days in the ICU (p<.001). They were less likely to have restraint orders (20.0% vs 27.9%, p<0.001), more likely to have a POLST (58.2% vs 44.6%, p<.001), and more likely to be discharged to home (33.4% vs 28.2%, p=.03). They received fewer doses of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and antiemetics (10, 5, and 7 fewer doses per 100 patient‐days, respectively) and had lower in‐hospital mortality (2.4% vs 4%, p=.01). There was no difference in hospital LOS or 30‐day readmission.ConclusionOur consultation program resulted in significant reductions in daily charges, ICU days, potentially inappropriate medication use, and use of physical restraints and increased end‐of‐life planning. This model has potential for dissemination to other institutions operating in resource‐scarce, value‐driven settings.
Do Rare Events Explain CDX Tranche Spreads?
Authors: SEO SANG BYUNG , WACHTER JESSICA A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe investigate whether a model with time‐varying probability of economic disaster can explain prices of collateralized debt obligations. We focus on senior tranches of the CDX, an index of credit default swaps on investment grade firms. These assets do not incur losses until a large fraction of previously stable firms default, and thus are deep out‐of‐the money put options on the overall economy. When calibrated to consumption data and to the equity premium, the model explains the spreads on CDX tranches prior to and during the 2008 to 2009 crisis.
p16/Ki67 dual staining improves the detection specificity of high‐grade cervical lesions
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Ge Xuefei , You Ke , Guo Yanli , Guo Hongyan , Wang Yanjie , Geng Li 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to analyze the specificity of p16/Ki67 dual staining in the detection of high‐grade cervical lesions.MethodsA total of 223 patients with an average age of 39 years old were enrolled in this study. All samples were analyzed by p16/Ki67 immunocytochemical dual staining, liquid‐based cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) test. Diagnosis of each patient was verified by histopathological test.ResultsThe specificity of p16/Ki67 dual staining was 68.33%, which was significantly higher than that of cytology (38.33%) and HR‐HPV test (21.67%) (P < 0.05) for CIN2+ detection. p16/Ki67 dual staining had similar sensitivity with HR‐HPV test for CIN2+ detection (90.18% vs 93.87%, P = 0.286). In atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases, the specificity of p16/Ki67 dual staining was significantly higher than that of HPV test (66.67% vs 3.70%, P < 0.05) and its sensitivity was similar to that of HPV test for CIN2+ detection. The sensitivity and specificity of dual staining for CIN2+ detection in HR‐HPV positive women were 90.85% and 70.21%, respectively, which were higher than those of cytology (83.01% and 42.55%) and HPV16/18 test (70.59% and 44.68%).Conclusionsp16/Ki67 dual staining could improve the specificity of high‐grade cervical lesions detection and have similar sensitivity to HPV test for CIN2+ detection. When triaging women with ASC‐US or LSIL liquid‐based cytology, compared with positive HR‐HPV, the specificity of CIN2+ lesion detection was increased by p16/Ki67 dual staining. p16/Ki67 dual staining could reduce colposcopy referrals and avoid excessive diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion for labor induction: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yayla Abide Çigdem , Kurek Eken Meryem , Ozkaya Enis , Yenidede Ilter , Bostanci Ergen Evrim , Kilicci Cetin , Sanverdi Ilhan , Eroğlu Mustafa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimProstaglandins have a dual action of cervical ripening and induction of uterine contraction. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of vaginal washing just before insertion of intravaginal dinoprostone.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health Training and Research Hospital. One hundred and ninety‐one women with singleton, term pregnancy who underwent labor induction were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 consisted of 95 pregnant women with vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone (Propess system for slow release system of 10 mg of dinoprostone) insertion (study group), and 96 pregnant women constituted the control group who did not undergo vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion. A parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with an allocation ratio of 1:1 to compare the effectiveness of vaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion.ResultsThe groups had similar mean age, body mass index, gestational age, gravidity, parity and Bishop score before agent insertion (P > 0.05). Duration of dinoprostone kept intravaginally, duration from the beginning of dinoprostone insert vaginally to the active phase of labor and duration from the time of intravaginal dinoprostone insertion to delivery were significantly longer in the control group (P < 0.05). Uterine hyperstimulation rate was significantly higher in study group compared to control group (P < 0.05). Meconium passage, fetal infection and neonatal intensive care unit admission were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionVaginal washing before intravaginal dinoprostone insertion may increase Prostaglandin E2 bioavailability as we found shorter duration and better outcome of labor induction in the present study.
‘I think we've had a health screen’: New offshore screening, new refugee health guidelines, new Syrian and Iraqi cohorts: Recommendations, reality, results and review
Authors: Heenan Rachel C , Volkman Thomas , Stokes Simon , Tosif Shidan , Graham Hamish , Smith Andrea , Tran David , Paxton Georgia 
Published: August 2018

AimTo examine refugee health assessments in Syrian and Iraqi children in the context of changes to offshore immigration screening, updated Australian refugee health guidelines and the primary care refugee health model in Victoria.MethodsThis is a retrospective audit of Syrian and Iraqi children aged 0–17 years attending a specialist immigrant health service from January 2015 to September 2017.ResultsWe saw 128 children (7 months–16 years, 64.8% male). Prior to arrival, 58.9% of children had experienced trauma, and 67.9% had missed at least 1 year of school. Almost all children (93.3%) were linked with a regular general practitioner in Australia, and 23.6% children were linked with a refugee health nurse; offshore health records were infrequently available. Of school‐aged children, 25% were not enrolled in school 3 months after arrival. Only 2 of 113 (1.8%) children had completed a recommended refugee health assessment, and 55.1% had commenced appropriate catch‐up vaccination in primary care. After screening completion, the most prevalent conditions were low vitamin D (63.6%); growth/nutrition (24.2%), neurological/metabolic (16.4%), learning/behaviour (15.6%) and mental health (12.5%) concerns; latent tuberculosis infection (11.8%); and developmental delay (10.2%). Sixteen children required surgery after arrival, and six children had life‐threatening medical conditions on arrival – only one had an offshore critical alert; care for the other five children resulted in 133 unanticipated hospital admission days.ConclusionsThere are substantial challenges with the current primary care screening model in Victoria. Disability, developmental and mental health concerns were prominent in this cohort, and many children had delays in education access, compounding prior disadvantage.
Children bouncing to the emergency department: Changes in trampoline injury patterns
Authors: Chen Monica , Cundy Peter , Antoniou Georgia , Williams Nicole 
Published: August 2018

AimTo compare trampoline injuries and injury costs sustained at a commercial trampoline park versus private homes presenting to a major Australian children's hospital over a 12‐month period.MethodsChildren presenting with a trampoline injury to the paediatric emergency department in 2015 were identified using a keyword search of triage information. A comparison of injuries sustained at a commercial trampoline park and private homes was performed.ResultsA total of 392 children presented with injuries, and the majority of injuries (68.9%) occurred at a private home; 19.4% were from a commercial trampoline park. Significant differences were seen between patients from a private home and commercial park for median age (5.6 vs. 12.8 years; P < 0.001), gender (48.2 vs. 61.8% female; P = 0.03) and season of injury. Of the injuries, 27.3% occurred when children fell off the trampoline, and fractures (39.5%) were the most common injury; 17.4% required hospital admission, and 12.8% required surgical intervention. Commercial park injuries had a significantly longer median length of stay (37.4 vs. 22.8 h; P = 0.03). The estimated total acute cost for these trampoline injuries in 1 year was $546 786. Commercial trampoline park injuries accounted for 21.7% of the estimated cost and private homes for 68.2%.ConclusionsPaediatric trampoline injuries remain a common source of hospital presentation and admission, despite the introduction of a Voluntary Australian Standard. Paediatric trampoline injuries usually occur in private homes; however, the increasing popularity of commercial trampoline parks contributes to a change in the profile of trampoline injuries. Commercial park injuries were more expensive to treat.
Does Funding Impact Our Research? Causality, Normativity, and Diversity in 40 Years of U.S. Sociology of Religion
Authors: May Matthew , Smilde David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article we use a sample of 40 years of sociology journal articles (N = 1,024) on religion to ask what role funding plays in some of the leading trends in the subdiscipline. Our analysis reveals a considerable increase in the number of published articles on religion with funding over the past 40 years as well as a shift away from public funding as the primary source of funding. Engaging our findings in previous analyses of this database, we surprisingly find a positive correlation between public funding and positive socio‐evaluative findings in articles on religion, but not between private funding and positive socio‐evaluative findings. We also find a positive correlation between funding from religious organizations and research on religion in the United States and a weak, but negative, correlation between funding from religious organizations and research on non‐Christian religious traditions. We do not find a relationship between funding and causal order.
Geographies of everyday nationhood: experiencing multiculturalism in Melbourne
Authors: Edensor Tim , Sumartojo Shanti 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, we explore the geographies of nationhood manifest in everyday life, arguing that our quotidian surroundings continually reproduce the nation as we engage with them. We show that nationhood is obvious and ubiquitous in the lives of people when they are asked to attune to it, and that even when not in the forefront of attention, it partly informs how we make sense of our daily experiences. This is not to claim that nationhood is fully formed or coherent, a separate substratum waiting to be tapped into or closely defined by an identifiable symbolic repertoire, if only we pay attention. Instead, we demonstrate that nationhood is emergent in everyday life, is reproduced continuously and intimately entangled with the sensations, routines, material environments, public encounters, everyday competencies, memories, aspirations and a range of other affective and embodied qualities that comprise how we understand and inhabit our worlds. This mundane experience involves shifting between reflexive and unreflexive states, and the method we deploy ‐ photo‐elicitation ‐ is devised to draw out these oscillations and heighten the attunement of participants to the usually unreflexively apprehended taken‐for‐granted national qualities of everyday space. Here, we aim to empirically foreground the neglected spatial dimensions that characterize the experience of banal nationalism.
ToyBox Study Malaysia: Improving healthy energy balance and obesity‐related behaviours among pre‐schoolers in Malaysia
Authors: Reeves S. , Poh B. K. , Essau C. , Summerbell C. , Cheah W. L. , Koh D. , Lee J. A. C. , Ruzita A. T. , Gibson E. L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is increasing in Malaysia and currently nearly 10% of children aged between 6 months and 12 years are overweight and almost 12% are obese. Early interventions to prevent excess weight gain are needed. ToyBox Study Malaysia is a feasibility project, funded by the Medical Research Council Newton‐Ungku Omar Fund, to assess the practicalities of adapting the existing European ToyBox Study intervention programme to the Malaysian kindergarten setting. The main aims of all ToyBox programmes are related to improving four key energy balance‐related behaviours, namely drinking water, eating healthy snacks and meals, reducing sedentary behaviour and increasing physical activity. Using stratified sampling, the ToyBox Study Malaysia intervention will be delivered and compared to usual practice by assessing behaviour, physical activity and health‐related outcomes as measured by questionnaires, accelerometry and anthropometry. It is hoped that the evidence‐based ToyBox Study Malaysia will help to achieve healthier energy balance‐related behaviours in the children and their families and provide lifelong benefits to health. This article provides information on the dietary patterns, physical activity levels and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children, and the approach of the ToyBox Study Malaysia.
Public health strategies to reduce sugar intake in the UK: An exploration of public perceptions using digital spaces
Authors: Swift J. A. , Strathearn L. , Morris A. , Chi Y. , Townsend T. , Pearce J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore UK public perceptions of children's sugar consumption, Public Health England's Change4Life Sugar Smart app and the Soft Drinks Industry Levy, using solicited and unsolicited digital data.MethodsData from three digital spaces were used as follows: (1) an online questionnaire advertised on parenting forums; (2) posts to UK online parenting forums; and (3) English language Tweets from Twitter. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data using content and inductive thematic analysis.ResultsData were (study 1) 184 questionnaire participants; (study 2) 412 forum posts; and (study 3) 618 Tweets. In study 1, 94.0% (n = 173) agreed that children in the UK consumed too much sugar and this had a negative health effect (98.4%, n = 181). Environments (n = 135, 73.4%), media/advertising (n = 112, 60.9%) and parents (n = 107, 58.2%) were all reported as barriers to changing children's sugar intake. In study 2, more posts were negative towards the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (n = 189, 45.9%) than positive (n = 145, 35.2%), and themes about the inability of the Levy to affect sugar consumption in children and childhood obesity emerged. Other themes related to distrust of the government, food industry and retailers. In study 3, the Sugar Smart app was viewed positively (n = 474, 76.7%) with its function associated solely with identification of sugar content.ConclusionsParticipants accepted the necessity of sugar reduction in children, but recognised the complexity of behaviour change. Public health activities were not always perceived as effective strategies for health promotion. There was some distrust in government, public health officials and the food industry. A less simplistic approach to sugar reduction and more credible sources of information may, therefore, be welcomed by the public.
Reproductive success of soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) cultivars and exotic lines under high daytime temperature
Authors: Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu , Schapaugh William , Fritschi Felix , Nguyen Henry , Prasad P.V. Vara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe objectives were to (a) quantify the effects of high daytime temperature (HDT) from gametogenesis to full bloom on photosynthesis and pod set in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) genotypes and (b) assess the relationships among photosynthesis, cardinal temperatures for pollen germination, in vitro pollen germination percentage, canopy reflectance, and pod‐set percentage. Three field experiments were conducted, and Experiment I had HDT between gametogenesis and full bloom (36.5°C to 38.6°C) compared with Experiments II and III (29.5°C to 31.6°C; optimum temperature). HDT decreased photosynthesis (22%) and pod‐set percent (11%) compared with Experiment III. Cultivars had higher photosynthesis and pod‐set percent than plant introduction (PI) lines. The cultivars (i.e., IA3023 and KS4694) and PI lines (i.e., PI393540 and PI588026A) were HDT tolerant and susceptible, respectively. The decreased pod‐set percentage in susceptible genotypes (PI lines) was associated with pollen characteristics. Significant positive (r2 ≥ 0.67) association between photosynthesis, cardinal temperatures for pollen germination (Topt and Tmax) with pod‐set percentage was observed. However, a negative (r2 ≥ −0.43) association between photosynthesis and pod set with canopy reflectance at visible spectrum was observed. In vitro pollen germination and canopy reflectance at visible spectrum can be used as a high‐throughput phenotypic tool for breeding HDT‐tolerant genotypes.