bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Delivery During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Armstrong Lindsey B. , Ariagno Katelyn , Smallwood Craig D. , Hong Charles , Arbuthnot Mary , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundMacronutrient delivery during pediatric ECMO therapy can be challenging. We examined predictors of nutrient delivery in the first 2 weeks of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsDetails of macronutrient delivery were recorded in children (newborn–18 years of age) who survived 24 hours after cannulation to ECMO over a 3‐year period (2012–2015).ResultsWe analyzed data from 54 consecutive eligible patients, 43% female, with median (interquartile range) ECMO duration of 8.5 (6–24) days, age 0.1 (0, 16) months, ICU length of stay 32 (21, 60) days, and 28‐day mortality 13%. Median weight for age z score declined from −0.1 at admission to −1.2 at 30 days (P = 0.013).At least 80% goal energy and protein was delivered in 35 (65%) and 33 (61%) patients, respectively, by day 7; 10% of energy and 11% protein goal was delivered enterally. Parenteral nutrition (PN) was utilized in 47 (87%) patients, initiated by day 1 (1, 3). Enteral nutrition (EN) was successfully delivered in 49 (94%) patients (35% postpyloric), initiated by day 6 (2, 16). Younger age (P = 0.01) and venoarterial mode of ECMO (P = 0.0014) were associated with lower EN delivery. Use of umbilical artery catheters or vasoactive infusions did not impede EN delivery. Late PN delivery was associated with cumulative protein deficits (P = 0.019) and failure to achieve nutrient delivery goals by day 7.ConclusionsOptimal nutrient delivery was achieved in most patients by day 7, predominantly via PN. Early EN is feasible in low volumes, but PN may be essential to prevent cumulative energy and protein deficits during the first week of ECMO.
Mammoth resources for hominins: from omega‐3 fatty acids to cultural objects
Authors: Guil‐Guerrero José L. , Tikhonov Alexei , Ramos‐Bueno Rebeca P. , Grigoriev Semyon , Protopopov Albert , Savvinov Grigoryi , González‐Fernández María J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe mammoth is assessed here both for its cultural significance as well as a source of dietary n‐3 (omega‐3) fatty acids in Palaeolithic societies. For this, we analysed fats from several frozen mammoths found in the permafrost of Siberia (Russian Federation) and conducted a comprehensive literature review on the relationships of hominins with mammoths throughout the Stone Age. Different mammoth samples were included in this study, all very close to the Upper Palaeolithic. All samples were analysed by gas liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and gas liquid chromatography‐flame ionization detection. Hominins consumed mammoths throughout the Palaeolithic, while remains of this animal were used as building materials as well as to fabricate different tools and decorative objects, and thus it is possible to link cultural development and mammoth consumption. Based on the fatty acid profiles found, fat samples from two mammoths were in apparently good preservation, yielding α‐linolenic acid percentages very close to values found in extant elephants, thus allowing an assessment of their feasibility as a source of essential fatty acids for Palaeolithic hunters. As demonstrated in this work, mammoths constituted a cultural resource in addition to contributing to fulfilling the n‐3 fatty acid needs of Palaeolithic hominins in Europe.
Antifungal effect of phenolic extract of fermented rice bran with Rhizopus oryzae and its potential use in loaf bread shelf life extension
Authors: Denardi‐Souza Taiana , Luz Carlos , Mañes Jordi , Badiale‐Furlong Eliana , Meca Giuseppe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study the antifungal potential of a phenolic extract obtained from rice bran fermented with Rhizopus oryzae CECT 7560 and its application in the elaboration of bread was assessed.RESULTSEighteen compounds with antifungal potential were identified by LC‐ESI‐qTOF‐MS in the extract: organic acids, gallates and gallotannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and benzophenone derivatives. The extract was active against strains of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 390 to 3100 µg mL−1 and minimum fungicidal concentration variable from 780 to 6300 µg mL−1. The strains that were most sensitive to the phenolic extract were F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. poae, P. roqueforti, P. expansum and A. niger. The phenolic extract added at 5 and 1 g kg−1 concentrations in the preparation of bread loaves contaminated with P. expansum produced a reduction of 0.6 and 0.7 log CFU g−1. The bread loaves treated with calcium propionate and 10 g kg−1 of the phenolic extract evidenced an improvement in their shelf lives of 3 days.CONCLUSIONThe phenolic extract assessed in this study could be considered as an alternative for inhibiting toxigenic fungi and as a substitute for synthetic compounds in food preservation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Near‐infrared spectroscopy allows detection and species identification of Epichloë endophytes in Lolium perenne
Authors: Soto‐Barajas Milton C , Zabalgogeazcoa Iñigo , González‐Martin Inmaculada , Vázquez‐de‐Aldana Beatriz R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is systemically infected by seed‐transmitted fungal endophytes (Epichloë sp.). The presence of Epichloë endophytes alters the nutritive quality of its hosts by modifying several plant traits. The aim of this research was to develop a fast method based on near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to discriminate between perennial ryegrass plants infected (E+) or not infected (E−) with two endophyte species, Epichloë festucae var. lolii, and Epichloë typhina, using a heterogonous set of perennial ryegrass samples collected from wild grasslands and cultivars. Epichloë festucae var. lolii cultures show two morphotypes, M1 and M3, and Epichloë typhina cultures have a different M2 morphotype.RESULTSNear‐infrared reflectance spectra from E+ and E− ryegrass plants were recorded. Applying the best NIRS model for the detection of Epichloë, 93.3% of E+ plants were classified correctly. The NIRS morphotype classification was correct for 92.9% of M1 morphotype and 100% of M2 morphotypes. The NIRS classification of M3 morphotypes was not as accurate, but it was in accordance with the fungal species classification, identifying some M3 as M1 morphotypes.CONCLUSIONNear‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy can detect the presence of Epichloë fungal endophytes directly in samples of perennial ryegrass, and it is adequate for discriminating among fungal species. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Active polarizer dimmable lens system
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Sharif Qais , Hayden Brian , Auger Elijah , Bay Jon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDisplay units that utilize a dimmable smart lens may be utilized to reduce the required display luminance compared with a smoked neutral density lens to provide a hidden display appearance. A lens configuration that utilizes an active polarizer in conjunction with a linear polarizer is explored.
Military Sexual Assault in Transgender Veterans: Results From a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Beckman Kerry , Shipherd Jillian , Simpson Tracy , Lehavot Keren 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is limited understanding about the frequency of military sexual assault (MSA) in transgender veterans, characteristics associated with MSA, or subsequent mental and behavioral health problems. To address this gap, we used an online national survey of 221 transgender veterans to identify prevalence of MSA and to assess its association with demographic characteristics, past history of sexual victimization, and stigma‐related factors. We also evaluated the association between MSA and several mental and behavioral health problems. Overall, 17.2% of transgender veterans experienced MSA, but rates differed significantly between transgender women (15.2%) and transgender men (30.0%). Using adjusted regression models, MSA was associated with adult sexual assault prior to military service, odds ratio (OR) = 4.05, 95% CI [1.62, 10.08], and distal minority stress during military service, OR = 2.98, 95% CI [1.28, 6.91]. With respect to health outcomes, MSA was associated with past‐month posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, B = 10.18, 95% CI [3.45, 16.91]; current depression symptom severity, B = 3.71, 95% CI [1.11, 6.30]; and past‐year drug use, OR = 3.17, 95% CI [1.36, 7.40]. Results highlight the vulnerability of transgender veterans to MSA, and the need for military prevention programs that acknowledge transgender individuals’ heightened risk. Furthermore, clinicians should consider clinical screening for PTSD, depression, and drug use in transgender veterans who have a history of MSA.
Incremental Value of the Tissue Motion of Annular Displacement Derived From Speckle‐Tracking Echocardiography for Differentiating Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis From Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Shuang , Ren Weidong , Zhang Jing , Ma Chunyan , Yang Jun , Zhang Yan , Guan Zhengyu 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesThe tissue motion of annular displacement provides an accurate and rapid assessment of left ventricular (LV) systolic function. However, it has rarely been used in patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to assess the differences in LV systolic function in patients with constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy using tissue motion of annular displacement derived from speckle‐tracking echocardiography.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with constrictive pericarditis, 24 with restrictive cardiomyopathy, and 25 healthy volunteers (controls) were enrolled. The septal and lateral mitral annular longitudinal displacements, displacement at the midpoint, and normalized midpoint displacement of the mitral ring were calculated.ResultsMitral annular tracking and quantification of the tissue motion of annular displacement were achieved within 10 seconds. In patients with constrictive pericarditis, the lateral mitral annular longitudinal displacement, displacement at the midpoint, and midpoint displacement of the mitral ring were decreased, whereas the septal mitral annular longitudinal displacement was preserved compared to controls, indicating that the reduction of systolic function in constrictive pericarditis was caused by pericardial adhesion and calcium. In patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy, tissue motion of annular displacement was more reduced compared to patients with constrictive pericarditis and controls. The correlation between the septal mitral annular longitudinal displacement and left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.67 (P < .001). A cutoff value of 8.45 mm for the septal mitral annular longitudinal displacement could effectively differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy with 95.2% sensitivity and 91.7% specificity.ConclusionsThe tissue motion of annular displacement was decreased in patients with constrictive pericarditis, which indicated early impairment of longitudinal function in constrictive pericarditis; adhesion and calcium in the pericardium might account for the reduction. The septal mitral annular longitudinal displacement provides a fast and effective method for the assessment of LV systolic function in patients with constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy.
The potential of three halophytes (Tecticornia pergranulata, Sclerolaena longicuspis, and Frankenia serpyllifolia) for the rehabilitation of brine‐affected soils
Authors: Shaygan Mandana , Mulligan David , Baumgartl Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBrine, produced as a by‐product of oil extraction, when contained in evaporation ponds can cause soil salinization in the vicinity of these ponds. Native halophytes may assist revegetation and rehabilitation of these salt‐affected soils. This study was conducted to investigate the revegetation and rehabilitation potential of brine‐affected land using native halophytes (Tecticornia pergranulata (J.M.Black) K.A.Sheph. & Paul G.Wilson, Sclerolaena longicuspis (F.Muell.) A.J.Scott and Frankenia serpyllifolia Lindl). Soil samples from adjacent bare and vegetated areas of brine‐affected land were compared to assess the physico‐chemical properties associated with the vegetation cover. The salt contents of the halophytes, plant bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and translocation factors were measured to evaluate remediation capacity of the species. We hypothesized that the halophytes reduce the ions' concentrations and thus soil salinity and sodicity. The examined halophytes were associated with a reduction in salinity and sodicity by an average of 38.5% and 33% in the top 10 cm of the soil, respectively. T. pergranulata had the highest shoot Na+ content (98 g/kg dry wt), bioaccumulation (14.21), and translocation (23.09) factors for Na+ that indicated the higher remediation potential of this species. Despite the high remediation potential of the examined species, halophytes are not able to reduce the salt content of the landscape to create conditions for the growth of glycophytes. However, the salt‐affected land can be revegetated by halophytes, and halophytes probably provide a stable vegetation cover for the landscape in ecological succession. An improvement in soil physical properties is required for revegetation success.
Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and droplet digital PCR duplex assays for detecting Zostera marina DNA in coastal sediments
Authors: Hamaguchi Masami , Shimabukuro Hiromori , Hori Masakazu , Yoshida Goro , Terada Tomoko , Miyajima Toshihiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe sequestration of atmospheric CO2 in seagrass meadows as organic carbon (OC) has been attracting more attention as a means for climate change mitigation and adaptation. A direct method to detect seagrass DNA in coastal sediments, which is essential to unravel long‐term seagrass‐derived OC accumulation, was developed based on environmental DNA (eDNA) detection techniques. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) were applied to quantify Zostera marina DNA in coastal sediments, using species‐specific primers and dual‐labeled probes for one nuclear and one chloroplast gene. Suitable pretreatments and methods for extracting Z. marina DNA from coastal sediments were examined and their applicability to environmental samples was demonstrated. Surface sediments collected from Z. marina meadows contained about 2000 times more Z. marina DNA than the unvegetated tidal‐flats in the Seto Inland Sea. Moreover, both qPCR and ddPCR successfully detected Z. marina DNA in ancient sediments (up to 5000 calibrated years before present), evidencing that Z. marina DNA can be preserved in temperate coastal sediments for several millennia. In addition, qPCR and ddPCR results obtained in the present study were highly correlated, although the latter was more accurate than qPCR, particularly at low eDNA concentrations in ancient sediments. This work opens avenues to explore and clarify the process of the sequestration of OC produced by Z. marina and demonstrate the presence of past seagrass meadows from several millennia.
Glycosylated amyloid‐like proteins in the structural extracellular polymers of aerobic granular sludge enriched with ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria
Authors: Lin Yuemei , Reino Clara , Carrera Julián , Pérez Julio , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new type of structural extracellular polymers (EPS) was extracted from aerobic granular sludge dominated by ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria. It was analyzed by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy to characterize specific amino acids and protein secondary structure, and by SDS‐PAGE with different stains to identify different glycoconjugates. Its intrinsic fluorescence was captured to visualize the location of the extracted EPS in the nitrifying granules, and its hydrogel‐forming property was studied by rheometry. The extracted EPS is abundant with cross ß‐sheet secondary structure, contains glycosylated proteins/polypeptides, and rich in tryptophan. It forms hydrogel with high mechanical strength. The extraction and discovery of glycosylated proteins and/or amyloids further shows that conventionally used extraction and characterization techniques are not adequate for the study of structural extracellular polymers in biofilms and/or granular sludge. Confirming amyloids secondary structure in such a complex sample is challengeable due to the possibility of amyloids glycosylation and self‐assembly. A new definition of extracellular polymers components which includes glycosylated proteins and a better approach to studying them is required to stimulate biofilm research.
Disease Modification for Parkinson's Disease: Axonal Regeneration and Trophic Factors
Authors: Kordower Jeffrey H. , Burke Robert E. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTDisease modification and structural neuroprotection have been the holy grail for Parkinson's disease (PD) experimental therapeutics. Theoretically, there are a number of ways to implement such therapeutics, but to date all have failed. This review examines the potential of axonal regeneration and trophic factor delivery for the nigrostriatal system as 2 such approaches that historically have initiated much excitement. However, we conclude this discussion with the following question: has science passed these approaches by? © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Chromosome 18 Clinical Resource Center
Authors: Cody Jannine D. , Hasi‐Zogaj Minire , Heard Patricia , Hill Annice , Rupert David , Sebold Courtney , Soileau Bridgette , Hale Daniel E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Chromosome 18 Clinical Research Center has created a pediatrician‐friendly virtual resource center for managing patients with chromosome 18 abnormalities. To date, children with rare chromosome abnormalities have been cared for either symptomatically or palliatively as a reaction to the presenting medical problems. As we enter an era of genomic‐informed medicine, we can provide children, even those with individually unique chromosome abnormalities, with proactive medical care and management based on the most contemporary data on their specific genomic change. It is problematic for practicing physicians to obtain and use the emerging data on specific genes because this information is derived from diverse sources (e.g., animal studies, case reports, in vitro explorations) and is often published in sources that are not easily accessible in the clinical setting.MethodsThe Chromosome 18 Clinical Resource Center remedies this challenging problem by curating and synthesizing the data with clinical implications. The data are collected from our database of over 26 years of natural history and medical data from over 650 individuals with chromosome 18 abnormalities.ResultsThe resulting management guides and video presentations are a first edition of this collated data specifically oriented to guide clinicians toward the optimization of care for each child.ConclusionThe chromosome 18 data and guides also serve as models for an approach to the management of any individual with a rare chromosome abnormality of which there are over 1,300 born every year in the US alone.
CALIPER: A deformable image registration algorithm for large geometric changes during radiotherapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Guy Christopher L. , Weiss Elisabeth , Christensen Gary E. , Jan Nuzhat , Hugo Geoffrey D. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeLocally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may experience dramatic changes in anatomy during radiotherapy and could benefit from adaptive radiotherapy (ART). Deformable image registration (DIR) is necessary to accurately accumulate dose during plan adaptation, but current algorithms perform poorly in the presence of large geometric changes, namely atelectasis resolution. The goal of this work was to develop a DIR framework, named Consistent Anatomy in Lung Parametric imagE Registration (CALIPER), to handle large geometric changes in the thorax.MethodsRegistrations were performed on pairs of baseline and mid‐treatment CT datasets of NSCLC patients presenting with atelectasis at the start of treatment. Pairs were classified based on atelectasis volume change as either full, partial, or no resolution. The evaluated registration algorithms consisted of several combinations of a hybrid intensity‐ and feature‐based similarity cost function to investigate the ability to simultaneously match healthy lung parenchyma and adjacent atelectasis. These components of the cost function included a mass‐preserving intensity cost in the lung parenchyma, use of filters to enhance vascular structures in the lung parenchyma, manually delineated lung lobes as labels, and several intensity cost functions to model atelectasis change. Registration error was quantified with landmark‐based target registration error and post‐registration alignment of atelectatic lobes.ResultsThe registrations using both lobe labels and vasculature enhancement in addition to intensity of the CT images were found to have the highest accuracy. Of these registrations, the mean (SD) of mean landmark error across patients was 2.50 (1.16) mm, 2.80 (0.70) mm, and 2.04 (0.13) mm for no change, partial resolution, and full atelectasis resolution, respectively. The mean (SD) atelectatic lobe Dice similarity coefficient was 0.91 (0.08), 0.90 (0.08), and 0.89 (0.04), respectively, for the same groups. Registration accuracy was comparable to healthy lung registrations of current state‐of‐the‐art algorithms reported in literature.ConclusionsThe CALIPER algorithm developed in this work achieves accurate image registration for challenging cases involving large geometric and topological changes in NSCLC patients, a requirement for enabling ART in this patient group.