bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana
Authors: Agyepong Nicholas , Govinden Usha , Owusu-Ofori Alex , Essack Sabiha Yusuf 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as major clinical and therapeutic dilemma in hospitals in Ghana.
To describe the prevalence and profile of infections attributable to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among patients at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in the Ashanti region of Ghana.

Methods
Bacterial cultures were randomly selected from the microbiology laboratory from February to August, 2015. Bacterial identification and minimum inhibitory concentrations were conducted using standard microbiological techniques and the Vitek-2 automated system. Patient information was retrieved from the hospital data.

Results
Of the 200 isolates, consisting of K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., E. coli, Yersinia spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pasteurella spp., Chromobacterium violaceum, Salmomella enterica, Vibrio spp., Citrobacter koseri, Pantoea spp., Serratia spp., Providencia rettgeri Burkholderia cepacia, Aeromonas spp., Cadecea lapagei and Sphingomonas paucimobilis, 101 (50.5%) and 99 (49.5%) recovered from male and female patients respectively The largest proportion of patients were from age-group ≥60 years (24.5%) followed by < 10 years (24.0%) and least 10–19 years (9.5%) with a mean patient age of 35.95 ± 27.11 (0.2–91) years. The decreasing order of specimen source was urine 97 (48.5%), wound swabs 47 (23.5%), sputum 22 (11.0%) bronchial lavage, nasal and pleural swabs 1 (0.50%). Urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 34.5% of patients, sepsis in 14.5%, wound infections (surgical and chronic wounds) in 11.0%, pulmonary tuberculosis in 9.0% and appendicitis, bacteremia and cystitis in 0.50%. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (94.4%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (84.5%), cefuroxime (79.0%) and cefotaxime (71.3%) but low resistance to ertapenem (1.5%), meropenem (3%) and amikacin (11%). The average multi-drug resistance was 89.5%, and ranged from 53.8% in Enterobacter spp. to 100.0% in Acinetobacter spp. and P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion
Bacterial infections caused by multi-drug resistant (isolates resistant to at least one agent in three or more antibiotic classes) Gram-negative pathogens among patients at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana are rife and interventions are necessary for their containment.
Effectiveness of healthcare worker screening in hospital outbreaks with gram-negative pathogens: a systematic review
Authors: Ulrich Nikos , Gastmeier Petra , Vonberg Ralf-Peter 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Identifying the source of an outbreak is the most crucial aspect of any outbreak investigation. In this review, we address the frequently discussed question of whether (rectal) screening of health care workers (HCWs) should be carried out when dealing with outbreaks caused by gram negative bacteria (GNB).
A systematic search of the medical literature was performed, including the Worldwide Outbreak Database and PubMed. Outbreaks got included if a HCW was the source of the outbreak and the causative pathogen was an Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Acinetobacter baumannii.
This was true for 25 articles in which there were 1196 (2.1%) outbreaks due to GNB, thereof 14 HCWs who were permanently colonized by the outbreak strain. Rectal screening of HCWs was helpful in only 2 of the 1196 (0.2%) outbreaks. Instead, the hands of HCWs served as a reservoir for the outbreak strain in at least 7 articles – especially when they suffered from onychomycosis or used artificial fingernails or rings.

Conclusion
Due to very weak evidence, we do not recommend rectal screening of HCWs in an outbreak situation with GNB. However, besides a critical review of hand hygiene habits, it might be useful to examine the hands of staff carefully. This measure is cheap, quick to perform, and seems to be quite effective.
US Food and Drug Administration Pooled Analysis to Assess the Impact of Bone-Only Metastatic Breast Cancer on Clinical Trial Outcomes and Radiographic Assessments
Authors: Wedam Suparna B. , Beaver Julia A. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Bloomquist Erik , Tang Shenghui , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Ibrahim Amna , Kim Geoffrey , Kluetz Paul , McKee Amy , Pazdur Richard 
Published: March 2018

Purpose The outcome and proportion of patients with bone-only (BO) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) has not been well described. We sought to describe the differential outcomes of patients with BO MBC in clinical trials and explore whether there was a discrepancy in radiographic reads between investigator and blinded independent central review. Methods We pooled and analyzed data on 10,521 patients from 13 prospective trials submitted for MBC treatment in initial or supplemental New Drug or Biologics License Applications from 2005. Three subsets were evaluated: BO, bone with other metastases (BWO), and no bone metastases (NBM). Early discordance rate and late discordance rate were calculated from 3,733 and 2,813 patients subject to a blinded independent central review, respectively. Results Bone metastases were identified in 49% (range: 42% to 73%) of patients across trials. BO disease was present in 12.5% (range: 4% to 26%), dependent on subtype. Investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the pooled trials demonstrated improved outcomes for the BO subgroup compared with other subgroups (BO v BWO PFS hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.591 to 0.696; BO v NBM PFS HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.76; BO v BWO OS HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.61; BO v NBM OS HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.76). The BO subgroup has a higher early discordance rate and lower late discordance rate than the BWO and NBM subgroups. Conclusion To our knowledge, this review is the largest analysis to date of the BO subgroup of MBC and suggests this subgroup may have a distinct natural history. There also seems to be a difference in how the local investigators assessed progression events in the BO subgroup when compared with the other two groups.
Quality of Life During Treatment With Chemohormonal Therapy: Analysis of E3805 Chemohormonal Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Morgans Alicia K. , Chen Yu-Hui , Sweeney Christopher J. , Jarrard David F. , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Gartrell Benjamin A. , Carducci Michael A. , Hussain Maha , Garcia Jorge A. , Cella David , DiPaola Robert S. , Patrick-Miller Linda J. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Chemohormonal therapy with docetaxel and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT+D) for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer improves overall survival as compared with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone. We compared the quality of life (QOL) between patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who were treated with ADT+D and those who were treated with ADT alone. Methods Men were randomly assigned to ADT+ D (six cycles) or to ADT alone. QOL was assessed by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P), FACT-Taxane, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, and the Brief Pain Inventory at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to examine changes over time. Mixed-effect models compared the QOL between arms at each time point. Results Seven hundred ninety men were randomly assigned (ADT+D [n = 397] and ADT[ n = 393]) and completed FACT-P (90% at baseline, 86% at 3 months, 83% at 6 months, 78% at 9 months, and 77% at 12 months). ADT+D patients reported a statistically significant decline in FACT-P at 3 months ( P < .001) but FACT-P did not differ significantly between baseline and 12 months ( P = .38). ADT+D FACT-P scores were significantly lower at 3 months ( P = .02) but significantly higher at 12 months ( P = .04) when compared with ADT FACT-P scores. Differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference at any time point. ADT+D patients reported significantly lower Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scores at 3 months than did ADT patients ( P < .001). Over time, both arms reported significantly poorer FACT-Taxane scores ( P < .001) when compared with baseline. Brief Pain Inventory scores were similar between arms. Conclusion Although ADT+D was associated with statistically worse QOL at 3 months, QOL was better at 12 months for ADT+D patients than for ADT patients. Both arms reported a similar minimally changed QOL over time, suggesting that ADT+D is not associated with a greater long-term negative impact on QOL.
Clinical Value of RNA Sequencing–Based Classifiers for Prediction of the Five Conventional Breast Cancer Biomarkers: A Report From the Population-Based Multicenter Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network—Breast Initiative
Authors: Brueffer Christian , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Grabau Dorthe , Ehinger Anna , Häkkinen Jari , Hegardt Cecilia , Malina Janne , Chen Yilun , Bendahl Pär-Ola , Manjer Jonas , Malmberg Martin , Larsson Christer , Loman Niklas , Rydén Lisa , Borg Åke , Saal Lao H. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose In early breast cancer (BC), five conventional biomarkers—estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki67, and Nottingham histologic grade (NHG)—are used to determine prognosis and treatment. We aimed to develop classifiers for these biomarkers that were based on tumor mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq), compare classification performance, and test whether such predictors could add value for risk stratification. Methods In total, 3,678 patients with BC were studied. For 405 tumors, a comprehensive multi-rater histopathologic evaluation was performed. Using RNA-seq data, single-gene classifiers and multigene classifiers (MGCs) were trained on consensus histopathology labels. Trained classifiers were tested on a prospective population-based series of 3,273 BCs that included a median follow-up of 52 months (Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network—Breast [SCAN-B], ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02306096), and results were evaluated by agreement statistics and Kaplan-Meier and Cox survival analyses. Results Pathologist concordance was high for ER, PgR, and HER2 (average κ, 0.920, 0.891, and 0.899, respectively) but moderate for Ki67 and NHG (average κ, 0.734 and 0.581). Concordance between RNA-seq classifiers and histopathology for the independent cohort of 3,273 was similar to interpathologist concordance. Patients with discordant classifications, predicted as hormone responsive by histopathology but non–hormone responsive by MGC, had significantly inferior overall survival compared with patients who had concordant results. This extended to patients who received no adjuvant therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 3.19; 95% CI, 1.19 to 8.57), or endocrine therapy alone (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.55 to 4.51). For cases identified as hormone responsive by histopathology and who received endocrine therapy alone, the MGC hormone-responsive classifier remained significant after multivariable adjustment (HR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.39 to 4.34). Conclusion Classification error rates for RNA-seq–based classifiers for the five key BC biomarkers generally were equivalent to conventional histopathology. However, RNA-seq classifiers provided added clinical value in particular for tumors determined by histopathology to be hormone responsive but by RNA-seq to be hormone insensitive.
Cruising Baghdad
Authors: Olsen Pelle Valentin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article uses a queer lens to examine two short stories by the Iraqi communist, teacher, and prose writer Dhu al-Nun Ayyub (1908–88), “The Eagles’ Anthem” and “How I Found a Guy,” published in his collection Sadiqi (1938). Scholars have avoided analysis of the homoerotic and heterotopic aspects of Ayyub’s writings, even if they mention his depictions of physical attraction between men. Rather than read these fictional texts as sociological studies of sexual sensibilities, the article assumes that they tapped into and reflected psychological and social dynamics in interwar Baghdad. The Ayyub stories, which render homoerotic masculine sexualities as commonplace and a positive aspect of city spaces, are thus distinguished from most Iraqi writings during this period. The stories stage homoeroticism and love between men as democratic critique and affirmation of heterogeneity and vitality in a nationalist, militarist, and heteronormalizing setting that increasingly associated homosexuality with moral dissolution and backwardness.
Choque de realiadade
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Santos Aline Lilian dos 
Published: March 2018

Quando fazia a faculdade de Administração de Empresas na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em 2000, Maure Pessanha teve uma experiência transformadora: foi uma das fundadoras do cursinho pré-vestibular da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade da USP (FEA-USP), que atualmente oferece 480 vagas ao ano para estudantes de baixa renda. Foi nesse primeiro empreendimento de impacto social que ela teve contato com histórias como a de uma aluna que passava o dia debruçada nos livros dentro dos trens do metrô, porque não tinha espaço adequado em casa para estudar.A partir daquele momento, decidiu que queria levar seu conhecimento em gestão a organizações ligadas a causas sociais — um objetivo que ficou ainda mais claro depois de ganhar uma bolsa para estudar por seis meses na Universidade de Harvard, onde a discussão sobre modelos de negócios em prol da sustentabilidade estava mais avançada.Hoje diretora executiva da Artemisia, Maure é responsável por gerenciar essa organização sem fins lucrativos que é uma das principais disseminadoras e fomentadoras de negócios de impacto social no Brasil. Nos últimos seis anos, a aceleradora da Artemisia selecionou mais de 100 negócios voltados à população de baixa renda.Nesta entrevista à GV-executivo, Maure dá um choque de realidade em quem quer entrar na área e se mostra entusiasmada com parcerias como a realizada em uma disciplina da graduação da Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EAESP), em que os alunos visitam Heliópolis, criam e alavancam projetos de negócios na comunidade. “Essa vivência quebra o discurso cristalizado de meritocracia, contribui muito para o ‘quero ver você ali tendo aquela vida’”, diz.
A apresentação de si de Paulo de Tarso diante dos Atenienses em seu discurso no Areópago de Atenas
Authors: Oliveira Luciene De Lima 
Published: March 2018

Ao anunciar a nova crença em sua jornada missionária, o apóstolo Paulo, antes perseguidor implacável dos seguidores de Jesus, pronunciou muitos e variados discursos, diante de públicos bastante heterogêneos, não só para difundir os seus ideais, mas também para participar de debates ou mesmo se defender de acusações religiosas e políticas que lhe iam sendo impostas. Assim é que o presente artigo buscará identificar qual a imagem, diga-se, apresentação de si que Paulo de Tarso construiu diante do seu público para obter a persuasão dos atenienses de que o “Deus Desconhecido”, a quem os gregos veneravam era o verdadeiro Deus e, somente, a essa divindade deveriam cultuar. Ressalte-se que a noção de êthos provém da retórica de Aristóteles (ARISTOTE. Rhétorique II, 1, 1378 a), que distinguia, desta forma, phrónesis (sensatez, prudência, isto é, ter o aspecto de pessoa ponderada), areté (isto é, assumir a atitude de um homem de fala franca), eu!noia, eúnoia (boa vontade, benevolência, isto é, oferecer uma imagem agradável de si mesmo). Ora, a questão de êthos foi reformulada na psicologia social, em termos de apresentação de si, devido aos trabalhos de pesquisadores como Goffman (KERBRAT-ORECCHIONI apud MACHADO & MELLO, 2010, p. 117).
All Means All: Connecting Federal Education Policy and Local Implementation Practice Through Evidence and Equity
Authors: Schuh Mary Clare , Knackstedt Kimberly M. , Cornett Jake , Choi Jeong Hoon , Pollitt Daniel T. , Satter Allyson L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article discusses equity-based inclusive education and federal policy drivers that can be used to make positive sustainable change in state, district, and local practice to improve the academic, social, and behavioral outcomes for all students including students with extensive support needs and those with labels of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Educational policies addressed include the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA), Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), and civil rights legislation such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The policy domain feature of the Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation (SWIFT) model is examined regarding how it was implemented in districts and schools, working toward the goal of providing an equity-based inclusive education for all students. Translating federal education policy into state, district, and local practice requires leadership and political courage to align federal, state, and district policy with the vision and values of equity-based, inclusive education.
Neurogranin as Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzheimer Disease: An Assay Comparison Study
Authors: Willemse Eline A J , De Vos Ann , Herries Elizabeth M , Andreasson Ulf , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , van der Flier Wiesje M , Scheltens Philip , Crimmins Dan , Ladenson Jack H , Vanmechelen Eugeen , Zetterberg Henrik , Fagan Anne M , Blennow Kaj , Bjerke Maria , Teunissen Charlotte E 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with cognitive decline and is a potential novel biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results.

METHODS
The neurogranin Erenna® assay from Washington University, St. Louis, MO (WashU); ELISA from ADx Neurosciences; and ELISA from Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden (UGot), were compared using silver staining and Western blot after gel electrophoresis. Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 22), and in patients with AD (n = 22), frontotemporal dementia (n = 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 22), or vascular dementia (n = 20), adjusted for sex and age.

RESULTS
The assays detected different epitopes of neurogranin: the WashU assay detected the N-terminal part of neurogranin (S10-D23) and a C-terminal part (G49-G60), the ADx assay detected C-terminal neurogranin truncated at P75, and the UGot assay detected the C-terminal neurogranin with intact ending (D78). Spearman ρ was 0.95 between ADx and WashU, 0.87 between UGot and WashU, and 0.81 between UGot and ADx. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) showed group differences for ranked neurogranin concentrations in each assay (all P &lt; 0.05), with specific increases in AD.

CONCLUSIONS
Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neurogranin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
Political myth-making in media policy: The case of the African National Congress versus the Press Council of South Africa
Authors: Reid Julie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article introduces semiotic myth theory as a methodology for the analysis of both political narratives and media policy discourse. In particular, this is applied to the country of South Africa and traces the historical rhetorical mechanisms employed by the majority African National Congress (ANC) party from 2007 to 2016 in its criticisms against the country’s press regulatory system, the Press Council of South Africa (PCSA). This is done as a demonstration, by application, of how political myth-making works in action or conversely, fails to work and loses relevancy. While semiotic myth theory has not been routinely applied to either political speech, and less so to media policy debates, and while the theoretical approach of applying semiotic myth theory to political discourse or rhetoric adopted here is applied to a very particular context and issue, it could serve well in application to a variety of political narratives, discourses and debates globally.
İslami İlimler/İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi (Uşak Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: Çetin Özer 
Published: March 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı İslami İlimler/İlahiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumlarını(ÖMYT) incelemektir. Araştırma tarama metodu kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu Uşak Üniversitesi İslami İlimler/İlahiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 70’i DİKAB ve 100’ü İslami İlimler/İlahiyat programında olmak üzere toplam 170 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Üstüner tarafından geliştirilen ÖMYT Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde istatiksel paket programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerinin ÖMYT düzeylerinin yüksek düzeyde olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre DİKAB öğrencilerinin İslami İlimler/İlahiyat programına kayıtlı öğrencilere göre, kadınların erkek öğrencilere göre, mezun olunan lise türü bakımından İmam Hatip lisesi mezunlarının diğer lise mezunlarına göre, tercih bakımından isteyerek ve severek tercih edenlerin diğer tercih nedenlerine göre ÖMYT puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın öğrencilerin ÖMYT puanlarının sınıf seviyesi ve program bakımından(normal, ikinci öğretim) anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır.
Recepción y significado del uso científico de la dialéctica aristotélica
Authors: López Molina-Niñirola José Miguel 
Published: March 2018

Este artículo se hace cargo de la recepción y relevancia de la dialéctica aristotélica en el siglo xx. Ésta tiene un uso científico, fundamental en la construcción y desarrollo de la ciencia, que permite, razonando a partir de éndoxa, establecer el valor de verdad de las proposiciones y aprehender los principios comunes de la ciencia así como los principios propios de las ciencias particulares. El procedimiento diaporético teorizado por el Estagirita es método y no conocimiento, a diferencia de Platón, pero hunde sus raíces en la dialéctica platónica del Parménides.
Investigación Clínica: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Gracia Diego 
Published: March 2018

El artículo plantea cómo el crecimiento del sistema de regulación y control de la investigación biomédica puede acabar volviéndose contra su razón de ser. Para abordar la necesidad de un cambio, hace un recorrido por las relaciones entre práctica médica e investigación clínica desde las épocas dominadas por el principio de beneficencia (hasta el siglo XX), la autonomía, la no-maleficencia y la justicia (a partir de 1970) donde comienza la era de las regulaciones. La regulación se ha mostrado necesaria pero no suficiente y plantea hoy la necesidad de una cierta recuperación de la ética de las virtudes (hábitos y estilos de vida) y de los deberes. Hoy la lógica de la investigación y la práctica clínica se están aproximando y estamos en un momento crucial que hace necesario distinguir la ética de la investigación de las regulaciones.