bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Shared Decision-Making Training Program on Dementia Care Planning in Long-Term Care
Authors: Mariani Elena , Chattat Rabih , Ottoboni Giovanni , Koopmans Raymond , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra , Engels Yvonne 
Published: July 2018

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) can be a way for staff to adopt international recommendations advocating the involvement of nursing home residents and their family members in care planning and the development of personalized care plans. Objective: The main aim was to analyze the effects of training nursing home staff in the implementation of SDM on agreement of residents’ ‘life-and-care plans’ with the recommendations (primary outcome) and on family caregivers’ quality of life and sense of competence, and staff’s job satisfaction (secondary outcomes). Methods: In the intervention condition, staff attended a training program on the use of SDM with residents and family caregivers in the care planning process. In the control condition, care planning as usual took place. For the primary outcome, in-depth qualitative and quantitative analyses of the care plans were performed. Multivariate Permutation Tests were applied to assess the impact on secondary outcomes. Results: Forty-nine residents and family caregivers and 34 professionals were involved. Overall, many of the care plans developed during the intervention showed a high level of agreement with the care planning recommendations. Both Italian and Dutch care plans showed improvement in the number of clear problem statements ( p < 0.001). In Italy, significant improvements ( p < 0.05) were also found regarding specific care objectives, documentation of objectives met, and of residents and families’ involvement. No impact was found on secondary outcomes. Conclusion: The involvement of residents and family caregivers in care planning contributed to an improvement of the residents’ care plans, but it did not have an effect on family caregivers and staff outcomes.
TREM1 mRNA Expression in Leukocytes and Cognitive Function in Japanese Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sao Tomoko , Yoshino Yuta , Yamazaki Kiyohiro , Ozaki Yuki , Mori Yoko , Ochi Shinichiro , Yoshida Taku , Mori Takaaki , Iga Jun-Ichi , Ueno Shu-Ichi 
Published: July 2018

Background: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) activates the innate immune system, promotes phagocytosis by microglia, and is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The possible role of a related molecule, TREM1, in AD remains unknown. Objective: We investigated a possible role for TREM1 in AD by determining the gene expression and methylation levels of TREM1 in leukocytes from AD patients. Methods: Fifty patients with AD and 50 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. AD patients underwent a battery of neuropsychiatric tests. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from each participant, RNA and DNA were extracted, and samples were assessed for TREM1 mRNA expression and methylation rates at three CpG sites in the TREM1 promoter. Results: TREM1 mRNA expression levels in AD patients were significantly higher than those in controls ( p = 0.008). TREM1 mRNA expression levels were not correlated with sex, age, duration of illness, APOE genotype, donepezil treatment, or scores of most neuropsychiatric tests. TREM1 mRNA expression levels in AD patients were correlated with the total score of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale ( p = 0.047, r = – 0.344). Methylation rates at the three CpG sites were significantly lower in AD patients than in controls. We also found a significant correlation between TREM1 mRNA expression and TREM1 DNA methylation rates ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: TREM1 may be associated with the immune responses in AD, and along with hypomethylation at CpG sites in the TREM1 promoter, may become part of a biomarker panel for AD pathogenesis.
New Pathways and Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Behin Anthony , Le Panse Rozen 
Published: July 2018

Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disease caused by autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction. It is a prototype organ-specific autoimmune disease with well-defined antigenic targets mainly the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Patients suffer from fluctuating, fatigable muscle weakness that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Various therapeutic strategies have been used over the years to alleviate MG symptoms. These strategies aim at improving the transmission of the nerve impulse to muscle or at lowering the immune system with steroids or immunosuppressant drugs. Nevertheless, MG remains a chronic disease and symptoms tend to persist in many patients, some being or becoming refractory over time. In this review, based on recent experimental data on MG or based on results from clinical trials for other autoimmune diseases, we explore new potential therapeutic approaches for MG patients, going from non-specific approaches with the use of stem cells with their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties to targeted therapies using monoclonal antibodies specific for cell-surface antigens or circulating molecules.
Tube dependency as a result of prematurity
Authors: Pahsini Karoline , Marinschek Sabine , Khan Zahra , Urlesberger Berndt , Scheer Peter J. , Dunitz-Scheer Marguerite 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Enteral nutrition support (ENS) is a standard of care in all NICUs. As a result of long-term ENS, tube dependency can develop. Tube dependency is an inability to make the transition from tube to oral feeds despite the absence of medical reasons for ENS and might lead to symptoms like oral aversion and food refusal. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of prematurity in a large cohort of tube dependent children. METHODS: Prospectively collected data on tube dependent children who participated in a program based on the “Graz Model of tube weaning” from January 2009 to December 2015 was analysed quantitatively. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 711 tube dependent children. Using ICD-10 classification, 378 children (53.2%) were born prematurely, with 103 extremely preterm infants (EPI; including children <29 weeks of gestational age and 275 preterm infants (PI; between 29 and 36+6 weeks of gestational age). More than half (55.4%) of all included patients were female, 51.8% were tube fed via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG-) tube, 45.8% had a nasogastric (NG-) tube and 2.4% were tube fed via Jejunal (J-) tube. 66% of all EPI and 63.3% of all PI were tube fed since birth. 83.5% of all EPI had no additional diagnoses beyond their extreme prematurity. No differences in tube weaning outcomes between preterm and full term infants were shown. CONCLUSION: Prematurity, especially extreme prematurity, is associated with an increased risk for development of tube dependency. Preventive measures for this specific group of children should be considered.
Parler d'une classe (la décrire ?) dans un mémoire professionnel
Authors: Delcambre Isabelle 
Published: July 2018

L’article rend compte d’une démarche didactique visant à intéresser les professeurs-stagiaires de Lettres au problème suivant : quel sens peut prendre la description de son lieu professionnel, de sa classe, de ses élèves, dans l’écriture d’un mémoire professionnel ? La démarche empirique vise à soumettre les stagiaires à un dispositif de travail inspiré de la réflexion didactique sur les relations lecture/ écriture : première écriture, lecture, écriture terminale. Les résultats montrent des évolutions entre écriture initiale et écriture terminale. Par ailleurs, si l’on compare ces textes à d’autres équivalents produits en dehors de la démarche didactique, on perçoit des variations sensibles dans la longueur et la place des textes descriptifs, ce qui peut s’interpréter comme une prise de distance par rapport aux stéréotypes d’écriture. L’intérêt en formation est d’amener à une objectiva tion de certains modèles de description de la réalité sociale (description sociologique
vs ethnologique), prise de distance qui peut aider à clarifier les problèmes spécifiques à l’écriture d’un mémoire professionnel.
Deux ou trois choses que je sais de la réécriture
Authors: Bessonnat Daniel 
Published: July 2018

La question est de savoir pourquoi et comment mobiliser la réécriture dans le travail de la classe de français, et quels problèmes cela pose. Pour ce faire, l’auteur opère un retour réflexif sur la notion de réécriture. Il repart des définitions possibles de la notion, en la situant par rapport à des notions connexes comme la
correction, la révision ou encore la reformulation, en la caractérisant de l’intérieur comme un lieu de tensions obligeant à des arbitrages délicats, en essayant de dresser une typologie des procédures de réécriture. Puis il passe en revue cinq modèles de référence propres à guider le travail de l’enseignant dans sa classe : le modèle littéraire (le tissage dans l’écriture effervescente) ; le modèle génétique (le travail des brouillons) ; le modèle cognitiviste (les processus rédactionnels) et deux modèles plus spécifiquement scolaires, qu’il appelle, faute de mieux, linguistico-didactique et pédagogico-didactique, selon qu’il(s) met(tent) l’accent sur les savoirs à construire ou sur le sujet scripteur. Pour conclure qu’il est urgent de réouvrir le débat si on veut clarifier les enjeux et les conditions de mise en oeuvre de la réécriture dans l’enseignement.
Le problème du point de vue dans le texte de théâtre
Authors: Rabatel Alain 
Published: July 2018

L’intrication des dimensions narrative et argumentative des interactions verbales qui sont la trame du texte théâtral (un récit de paroles à la valeur pragmatique déterminante) invite à revenir sur la définition du point de vue (PDV). Sur un plan énonciatif, le PDV correspond à tout ce qui, dans la référenciation des objets (du discours) révèle, d’un point de vue cognitif, une source énonciative particulière (locuteur/ énonciateur ou énonciateur) et dénote, directement ou indirectement, ses jugements sur les référents, à travers des manières de voir ou des opinions embryonnaires ou encore à travers des argumentations plus élaborées. Le PDV, du fait de sa nature radicalement polyphonique, permet au locuteur d’exprimer son PDV personnel ou de se positionner face aux PDV de ses interlocuteurs. Ainsi, les énoncés en apparence les plus anodins ont une valeur argumentative directe ou indirecte et incarnent linguistiquement les dimensions psychologique, idéologique ou sociologique des personnages construites par l’interaction même. Autrement dit, le PDV aide à l’interprétation du texte théâtral par le biais de l’enrichissement énonciatif de la dimension interactionnelle, notamment par l’analyse des postures de co-énonciation, de sous-énonciation ou de sur-énonciation. Ces postures énonciatives, qui ne sont pas le simple reflet de la place des locuteurs, correspondent à l’engagement énonciatif des locuteurs entrant en jeu dans la co-construction d’un PDV commun (co-énonciation), dominé (sous-énonciation) ou
dominant (sur-énonciation).
Reformulations et polyphonie
Authors: Kara Mohamed 
Published: July 2018

L’article s’attache à décrire des séquences de reformulations paraphrastiques et non paraphrastiques, sous un angle spécifiquement polyphonique. Après une évocation des distinctions généralement retenues entre les deux formes identifiées de la reformulation, le propos se centre sur les marqueurs reformulatifs et les comportements polyphoniques qu’ils impriment aux séquences discursives dans lesquelles ils sont insérés. Quelle que soit leur nature, ces marqueurs souli gnent des partitions énonciatives internes ou externes, au service de la construction d’un ethos discursif. Dans le premier cas on parlera d’ipséité au sens où la polyphonie est commandée par la partition du locuteur ; dans le second on parlera
d’extranéité dans la mesure où la reformulation est légitimée par une instance extérieure au scripteur : code, doxa, encyclopédie ou encore recours aux faits (factualité).
Littératie, scolarisation et cognition. Quelques implications de l’anthropologie de Jack Goody
Authors: Olson David R. 
Published: July 2018

Après un rappel concis de quelques acquis anthropologiques que l’on doit à la pensée de Jack Goody, l’article parcourt les débats qui ont pris corps autour de
« l’hypothèse de la littératie » . Cette hypothèse renvoie à l’affirmation selon laquelle l’invention, l’adoption et l’application d’un nouveau mode et d''une nouvelle technologie de la communication, à savoir l’écriture, ont modifié les pratiques sociales de la société ainsi que les processus cognitifs des personnes impliquées. Nous devons ces évolutions, entre autres choses, aux dimensions métalinguistiques de la littératie dans la mesure où l’écriture implique que l’on accorde une attention soutenue à la forme linguistique et non pas à ce que le langage représente au fond. En simplifiant un peu à l’excès, on peut dire que l’écriture distingue ce qui est dit de ce que cela veut dire ; l’écrit ne capture que le premier élément. Il ne s’agit là que d’un des aspects – non des moindres – des problèmes posés par la littératie mais il pourrait à n’en pas douter alimenter les réflexions sur l’enseignement et la pédagogie.
Une figure de construction entre grammaire et rhétorique : l’ellipse
Authors: Masseron Caroline 
Published: July 2018

Poursuivant des enjeux essentiellement didactiques, l’article s’efforce de cerner deux problématiques partiellement concurrentes, l’enseignement de la langue (la grammaire) et l’apprentissage de l’écriture (la rhétorique). L’ellipse, comme figure de construction, y est utilisée comme un analyseur des avatars historiques qui ont marqué les relations compliquées, entretenues par la phrase et le texte. L’ellipse appartient sans conteste possible au domaine de la grammaire (Dumarsais), mais à une grammaire qui, au XVIIIe, intègre (définit, illustre) les faits de style, autrement dit les écarts de construction (ellipse, inversion, hypallage, etc.) et qui procède alors à des analyses de période, qui sont plus proches du commentaire littéraire que de l’analyse logique. L’article pose un cadre d’analyse qui se décline en trois paradigmes, respectivement ceux du mot, de la phrase et du texte, qui a pour but d’une part de comprendre les transferts notionnels et les effets de concurrence ou de contradiction qui sont observables tout au long de l’histoire de la grammaire scolaire – et ce bien avant le XIXe siècle –, et d’autre part de statuer sur ce que l’on entend exactement par ellipse.
Grammaticale, l’ellipse se définit comme l’absence, délibérée et remarquable, à la surface de l’énoncé, d’une forme-sens dont le segment relève d’une analyse de la pro position ; mais aussi, foncièrement dialogale, l’ellipse, comme figure contrôlée, sollicite activement un modèle interprétatif et un interlocuteur vigilant dont les connaissances et l’univers de croyance sont très proches de ceux du locuteur. Dans cette mesure, on peut aussi bien s’expliquer la fréquence des phénomènes elliptiques dans les échanges épistolaires, les dialogues et autres textos, que leur rareté dans les écrits scolaires ou les textes de savoir fortement structurés par leur objet d’étude et leur champ notionnel. En conclusion, l’article suggère que l’ellipse aide à concevoir des activités didactiques d’explicitation d’énoncés (en réception de texte) et de réécriture (en production) ; dans un cas, il s’agit de guider l’interprétation d’un texte sans introduire prématurément de métalangue, dans l’autre de favoriser des entraînements pré-rédactionnels.
Neptune's 5:2 Resonance in the Kuiper Belt
Authors: Malhotra Renu , Lan Lei , Volk Kathryn , Wang Xianyu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Observations of Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) in Neptune’s 5:2 resonance present two puzzles: this third-order resonance hosts a surprisingly large population, comparable to the prominent populations of Plutinos and Twotinos in the first order 3:2 and 2:1 resonances, respectively; second, their eccentricities are concentrated near 0.4. To shed light on these puzzles, we investigate the phase space near this resonance with use of Poincaré sections of the circular planar restricted three-body model. We find several transitions in the phase space structure with increasing eccentricity, which we explain with the properties of the resonant orbit relative to Neptune’s. The resonance width is narrow for very small eccentricities but widens dramatically for e ≳ 0.2, reaching a maximum near e ≈ 0.4, where it is similar to the maximum widths of the 2:1 and 3:2 resonances. We confirm these results with N-body numerical simulations, including the effects of all four giant planets and a wide range of orbital inclinations of the KBOs. We find that the boundaries of the stable resonance zone are not strongly sensitive to inclination and remain very similar to those found with the simplified three-body model, with the caveat that orbits of eccentricity above ∼0.53 are unstable; higher-eccentricity orbits are phase-protected from destabilizing encounters with Neptune but not with Uranus. These results show that the 5:2 resonant KBOs are not more puzzling than the Plutinos and Twotinos; however, detailed understanding of the origins of eccentric, inclined resonant KBOs remains a challenge.
Exoplanets Torqued by the Combined Tides of a Moon and Parent Star
Authors: Piro Anthony L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In recent years, there has been interest in Earth-like exoplanets in the habitable zones of low-mass stars (∼0.1–0.6 M
⊙). Furthermore, it has been argued that a large moon may be important for stabilizing conditions on a planet for life. If these two features are combined, then an exoplanet can feel a similar tidal influence from both its moon and parent star, leading to potentially interesting dynamics. The moon’s orbital evolution depends on the exoplanet’s initial spin period P
0. When P
0 is small, transfer of the exoplanet’s angular momentum to the moon’s orbit can cause the moon to migrate outward sufficiently to be stripped by the star. When P
0 is large, the moon migrates less and the star’s tidal torques spin down the exoplanet. Tidal interactions then cause the moon to migrate inward until it is likely tidally disrupted by the exoplanet and potentially produces rings. While one may think that these findings preclude the presence of moons for the exoplanets of low-mass stars, in fact a wide range of timescales are found for the loss or destruction of the moon; it can take ∼106–1010 years depending on the system parameters. When the moon is still present, the combined tidal torques force the exoplanet to spin asynchronously with respect to both its moon and parent star, which tidally heats the exoplanet. This can produce heat fluxes comparable to those currently coming through the Earth, arguing that combined tides may be a method for driving tectonic activity in exoplanets.
A Search for Candidate Li-rich Giant Stars in SDSS DR10
Authors: Carbon Duane F. , Gray Richard O. , Nelson Bron C. , Henze Christopher 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We report the results of a search for candidate Li-rich giants among 569,738 stars of the SDSS DR10 data set. With small variations, our approach is based on that taken in an earlier search for extremely metal-poor/carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars and uses the same data set. As part of our investigation, we demonstrate a method for separating post-main-sequence and main-sequence stars cooler than T
eff ≈ 5800 K using our feature strength measures of the Sr ii 4078, Fe i 4072, and Ca i 4227 lines. By taking carefully selected cuts in a multi-dimensional phase space, we isolate a sample of potential Li-rich giant stars. From these, using detailed comparison with dwarf and giant MILES stars, and our own individual spectral classifications, we identify a set of high likelihood candidate Li-rich giant stars. We offer these for further study to promote an understanding of these enigmatic objects.
Tidal Decay of Circumbinary Planetary Systems
Authors: Shevchenko Ivan I. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is shown that circumbinary planetary systems are subject to universal tidal decay (shrinkage of orbits), caused by the forced orbital eccentricity inherent to them. Circumbinary planets (CBPs) are liberated from parent systems when, owing to the shrinkage, they enter the circumbinary chaotic zone. On shorter timescales (less than the current age of the universe), the effect may explain, at least partially, the observed lack of CBPs of close-enough (with periods <5 days) stellar binaries; on longer timescales (greater than the age of the universe but well within stellar lifetimes), it may provide massive liberation of chemically evolved CBPs. Observational signatures of the effect may comprise (1) a prevalence of large rocky planets (super-Earths) in the whole population of rogue planets (if this mechanism were the only source of rogue planets); (2) a mass-dependent paucity of CBPs in systems of low-mass binaries: the lower the stellar mass, the greater the paucity.
Elliptic-cylindrical Analytical Flux Rope Model for Magnetic Clouds
Authors: Nieves-Chinchilla T. , Linton M. G. , Hidalgo M. A. , Vourlidas A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we present the elliptic-cylindrical analytical flux rope model, which constitutes the first level of complexity above that of a circular-cylindrical geometry. The framework of this series of models was established by Nieves-Chinchilla et al. with the circular-cylindrical analytical flux rope model. The model describes the magnetic flux rope topology with distorted cross section as a possible consequence of the flux rope interaction with the solar wind. In this model, for the first time, a flux rope is completely described by a nonorthogonal geometry. The Maxwell equations can be consistently solved using tensorial analysis, and relevant physical quantities can be derived, such as magnetic fluxes, number of turns, or Lorentz force distribution. The model is generalized in terms of the radial dependence of the poloidal and axial current density components. The circular-cylindrical reconstruction technique has been adapted to the new geometry for a specific case of the model and tested against an interplanetary coronal mass ejection observed by the Wind spacecraft on 2005 June 12. In this specific case, from the comparative analysis between the circular-cylindrical and elliptic-cylindrical models, the inclusion of the cross-section distortion in the 3D reconstruction results in significant changes in the derived axis orientation, size, central magnetic field, magnetic fluxes, and force-freeness. The case studied in this paper exemplifies the use of the model and reconstruction technique developed. Furthermore, the novel mathematical formulation to model flux ropes in heliophysics paves the way to the inclusion of more complex magnetic field configurations.