bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial potential of Ocimum sanctum oils in relation to Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212
Authors: Prisinda Diani , Setiawan Ame Suciati , Fitriadi Fajar 
Published: January 2019

Background: Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive cocci present in the root canal due to the failure of endodontic treatment and pulp tissue necrosis. The ideal root canal medicine offers biocompatible properties, ease of cleaning, absence of tooth staining and non-disruption of the root canal filling process. Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is one of the herbs widely used in salads which produces anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral effects. The antibacterial effect of basil results from the eugenol which represents a main component demonstrating antibacterial properties. Basil essential oil has an antibacterial effect on both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the essential oils contained in basil leaves offer any antibacterial potential with regard to the growth of Enterecoccus faecalis ATCC 29212. Methods: The research was experimental in nature incorporating a simple random sampling technique. In this study, groups of active substance compounds contained in basil leaves were extracted by distillation in order to obtain the essential oil. Preparation of the test solution involved essence of basil leaf oil at concentrations of 5,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 20,000 ppm in methanol solvent. A phytochemical test of basil was subsequently conducted in order to identify the content of the compound. The bacteria in this study was tested utilizing a disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer test) by measuring the diameter of the clear zone (clear zone) which is indicative of the bacterial growth inhibition response of antibacterial compounds in the extract. Results: The results of the research into the phytochemical test showed that basil contains phenolic flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins which produce a negative result on steroids. The results of this study showed that the basil essential oil inhibition zone present in the Enterecoccus faecalis growth had a diameter of 11.70 mm at a concentration of 20,000 ppm. This concentration therefore proved most effective in relation to Enterococcus faecalis than other concentrations. Conclusion: It can be concluded that essential oils of basil leaves demonstrate anti-bacterial inhibitory properties with regard to Enterococcus faecalis.
Nematode Genome Announcement: A Draft Genome for Rice Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola
Authors: Somvanshi Vishal Singh , Tathode Madhura , Shukla Rohit Nandan , Rao Uma 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola has emerged as a devastating pest of rice in South-East Asian countries. Here we present a draft genome sequence for M. graminicola, assembled using data from short and long insert libraries sequenced on Illumina GAIIx sequencing platform.
First Report of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Pratylenchoides alkani, and Helicotylenchus vulgaris in Association with Cultivated and Wild Olives in Crete, Greece and Molecular Identification of Helicotylenchus microlobus and Merlinius brevidens
Authors: Tzortzakakis Emmanuel A. , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina , Kormpi Maria , Lazanaki Maria S. , Castillo Pablo , Archidona-Yuste Antonio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Nematode samplings in cultivated and wild olive in Crete, Greece, yielded the presence of Bitylenchus hispaniensis, Helicotylenchus microlobus, Helicotylenchus vulgaris, Merlinius brevidens, and Pratylenchoides alkani. With the exception of H. microlobus and M. brevidens, reports of these plant-parasitic nematode species constitute new records for Greece. Bitylenchus hispaniensis is also reported for first time in a country outside of Spain, where it was originally described. Pratylenchoides alkani is herein reported for the second time in the Mediterranean area and for the first time in association with olive. Two further populations of H. microlobus and H. vulgaris, from walnut and goji berry from Greece, were identified. Molecular data for all of these nematode species are provided, resulting in the first integrative identification of these Greek populations.
Discovery and Identification of Meloidogyne Species Using COI DNA Barcoding
Authors: Powers Thomas , Harris Timothy , Higgins Rebecca , Mullin Peter , Powers Kirsten 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
DNA barcoding with a new cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 primer set generated a 721 to 724 bp fragment used for the identification of 322 Meloidogyne specimens, including 205 new sequences combined with 117 from GenBank. A maximum likelihood analysis grouped the specimens into 19 well-supported clades and four single-specimen lineages. The “major” tropical apomictic species (Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica) were not discriminated by this barcode although some closely related species such as Meloidogyne konaensis were characterized by fixed diagnostic nucleotides. Species that were collected from multiple localities and strongly characterized as discrete lineages or species include Meloidogyne enterolobii, Meloidogyne partityla, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne graminicola, Meloidogyne naasi, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, and Meloidogyne fallax. Seven unnamed groups illustrate the limitations of DNA barcoding without the benefit of a well-populated reference library. The addition of these DNA sequences to GenBank and the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD) should stimulate and facilitate root-knot nematode identification and provide a first step in new species discovery.
Survival and Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Formulated in Sodium Alginate Beads
Authors: Ruiz-Vega Jaime , Cortés-Martínez Carlos I. , García-Gutiérrez Cipriano 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An alternative control method to the use of chemical insecticides against soil dwelling insect pests is the application of entomopathogenic nematodes formulated in alginate beads for enhanced shelf life. The aim was to compare the benefit on nematode survival and infectivity of: (i) pre-conditioning of juveniles, and (ii) coating of alginate beads. The nematodes Steinernema glaseri, Steinernema carpocapsae, and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were reproduced in last instar larvae of the wax moth Galleria mellonella and the infective juveniles emerged were subjected to two capture treatments: white traps and plaster of Paris, the latter was utilized as a pre-conditioning treatment. A total of 1,000 infective juveniles were formulated in each sodium alginate bead with or without an alginate coating. The beads were stored at 23 ± 3°C and a bidistilled water suspension of nematodes was set as a control. The survivorship of these formulates and their infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae were evaluated every 7 d post-formulation (dpf). In beads without pre-conditioning juveniles nor coating, Steinernema carpocapsae had the higher survival rate (58.8%), the longest survival time (28 dpf) and the higher infectivity (100%) as well. Pre-conditioning improved the survival and infectivity of Steinernema glaseri by 22.5% at 21 dpf and 70.0% at 14 dpf, respectively. Alginate coating increased survival (21.7%) and infectivity (95%) of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora for up to 28 dpf. The combination of pre-conditioning and coating slightly favored the survival (10% for up to 14 dpf) of Steinernema glaseri and infectivity (100% for up to 35 dpf) of Steinernema carpocapsae. Non pre-conditioned Steinernema carpocapsae formulated in uncoated beads was the combination with better performance in survivorship (58.8%) and infectivity (100%) at 28 dpf. It was concluded that non pre-conditioned Steinernema carpocapsae formulated in uncoated beads was the combination with better survivorship and infectivity.
Capillary rise and saliferous groundwater evaporation: effects of various solutes and concentrations
Authors: Xing Xuguang , Li Xianwen , Ma Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Capillary rise is capable of demonstrating the mechanism involved in groundwater evaporation, where the evaporation from saliferous groundwater could be quantized in accordance with fresh groundwater. The two types of experiments included 12 treatments with four solutes (KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2) that were dissolved in groundwater at three concentrations (5, 30, and 100 g/L), and one control treatment without the salt solutions. The results demonstrated that the capillary action played a dominant role only within a very short period of time at the beginning of evaporation (i.e. within 2 min). The total dissolved solids (TDS) of the groundwater that was dissolved with KCl or NaCl affected the capillary water gravity more than soil pore structure. The TDS of the groundwater that was dissolved with CaCl2 or MgCl2 affected both the capillary water gravity and the soil pore structure. During the groundwater evaporation process, the evaporation conversion coefficient CTDS (&gt;1.0) had the potential to calculate the saliferous-groundwater evaporation in accordance with the fresh-groundwater evaporation. The CTDS values were the largest for the groundwater that was dissolved with KCl/NaCl and CaCl2/MgCl2 at 5 and 30 g/L, where it reached average values of 1.3530–1.3735 and 1.3257–1.3589.
Design, Synthesis, and Quantum Chemical Calculations of 2,6-Diphenylspiro[cyclohexane-1,3’-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine]-2’,4,4’-trione through DFT approach
Authors: Kumar Roop , Devi Poornima , Verma Anil K. , Bishnoi Abha 
Published: January 2019

:
Structural elucidation of synthesized 2,6-diphenylspiro[cyclohexane-1,3’-pyrido[1,2-
a]pyrimidine]-2’,4,4’-trione has been done by UV, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. The
molecule was further subjected to density functional theory (DFT) studies with B3LYP function using
6-31G(d,p) basis atomic set. The title molecule was investigated on the basis of thermodynamic properties,
polarizability, hyperpolarizability, intermolecular interactions, HOMO and LUMO energy values,
MESP, ESP and NBO computations to correlate experimental results with in-silico studies.
Psychopathological and Psychosocial Repercussions of Suicide in the Family
Authors: Sales Amanda Patricia , Santana da Silva Tatiana Paula , Sougey Everton Botelho , Saraiva Câmara Filho José Waldo 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Although the relationship between the occurrence of suicide and the
presence of psychosocial suffering in bereaved relatives is clear, there are still few studies that deal
with the detail of these repercussions and the therapeutic conduction given to them for the suicide.

Objective:
to carry out an integrative review on the psychopathological and psychosocial
repercussions of suicide in the family, with emphasis on the detail of the main psychopathological
characteristics presented by the individuals and the psychosocial impacts of mourning.

Method:
An integrative review was performed. The guiding question considered Population
Intervention Comparator Outcome Setting and the revision protocol is in agreement with Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes. The search occurred in the bases:
Periodicals CAPES, PsycINFO and PubMed. Original articles were included, without language
restriction that emphasized psychopathological and psychosocial aspects of the mourners after
suicide. We excluded review studies, clinical cases, editorials and retrospectives.

Results:
The process of suicide mourning for family members is a complex event, marked by stigma
and can predispose patients to mental illness and suicidal behavior, especially in the early years of
mourning. In addition, it is necessary to expand the scope of evidence on the effectiveness of
support and intervention with this population.

Conclusion:
Bereaved families need specialized preventive support insofar as the complexity of
bereavement becomes a vulnerability factor for mental illness.
Real-time Detection of Aortic Valve in Echocardiography using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Nizar Muhammad Hanif Ahmad , Chan Chow Khuen , Khalil Azira , Yusof Ahmad Khairuddin Mohamed , Lai Khin Wee 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Valvular heart disease is a serious disease leading to mortality and increasing
medical care cost. The aortic valve is the most common valve affected by this disease.
Doctors rely on echocardiogram for diagnosing and evaluating valvular heart disease. However, the
images from echocardiogram are poor in comparison to Computerized Tomography and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging scan. This study proposes the development of Convolutional Neural Networks
(CNN) that can function optimally during a live echocardiographic examination for detection of the
aortic valve. An automated detection system in an echocardiogram will improve the accuracy of
medical diagnosis and can provide further medical analysis from the resulting detection.

Methods:
Two detection architectures, Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) and Faster Regional
based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) with various feature extractors were trained on
echocardiography images from 33 patients. Thereafter, the models were tested on 10 echocardiography
videos.

Results:
Faster R-CNN Inception v2 had shown the highest accuracy (98.6%) followed closely by
SSD Mobilenet v2. In terms of speed, SSD Mobilenet v2 resulted in a loss of 46.81% in framesper-
second (fps) during real-time detection but managed to perform better than the other neural
network models. Additionally, SSD Mobilenet v2 used the least amount of Graphic Processing
Unit (GPU) but the Central Processing Unit (CPU) usage was relatively similar throughout all
models.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide a foundation for implementing a convolutional detection system
to echocardiography for medical purposes.
Synthesis and Antibacterial / Anticancer Activities of Compounds Containing Pyrazole Ring Linked to Piperazines
Authors: Valluri Kishore K. , Allaka Tejeswara R. , Viswanath IV Kasi , PVVS Nagaraju 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Many pyrazole piperazine derivatives are known to exhibit a wide range, thus
being attractive for the drug design and synthesis of interesting class of widely studied heterocyclic
compounds. It is therefore necessary to devote continuing effort for the identification and development
of New Chemical Entities (NCEs) as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents to address serious
health problems.

Methods:
A series of new compounds containing pyrazole ring linked to a piperazine hydrochloride
moiety were synthesized and screened for their antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity of novel scaffolds are
described by variation in therapeutic effects of parent molecule. The structure variants were characterized
by using a blend of spectroscopic 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, Mass and chromatographic techniques.

Results:
When tested for in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activities, several of these compounds
showed good activities. The target compounds 9b, 9a and 9e exhibited a high degree of anticancer activity
against human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 and human breast cancer cell line MDAMB231. Further,
9a, 9b, 9d, and 9h showed better activity towards four medically relevant organisms;
Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Species compared to CPF. In
the present investigation, cheminfomatics tools Molinspiration, 2003 and MolSoft, 2007 for the
prediction of insilico molecular properties and drug likeness for the target compounds 9a-h was
evaluated and positive results were observed.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed that the molecular framework presented here could be a useful template
for the identification of novel small molecules as promising antibacterial/ anticancer agents.
Optimal Sensor Placement Algorithm for Structural Damage Identification
Authors: Li C.H. , Yang Q.W. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Structural damage identification is a very important subject in the field of
civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering according to recent patents. Optimal sensor placement
is one of the key problems to be solved in structural damage identification.

Methods:
This paper presents a simple and convenient algorithm for optimizing sensor locations for
structural damage identification. Unlike other algorithms found in the published papers, the optimization
procedure of sensor placement is divided into two stages. The first stage is to determine the
key parts in the whole structure by their contribution to the global flexibility perturbation. The
second stage is to place sensors on the nodes associated with those key parts for monitoring possible
damage more efficiently. With the sensor locations determined by the proposed optimization
process, structural damage can be readily identified by using the incomplete modes yielded from
these optimized sensor measurements. In addition, an Improved Ridge Estimate (IRE) technique is
proposed in this study to effectively resist the data errors due to modal truncation and measurement
noise. Two truss structures and a frame structure are used as examples to demonstrate the feasibility
and efficiency of the presented algorithm.

Results:
From the numerical results, structural damages can be successfully detected by the proposed
method using the partial modes yielded by the optimal measurement with 5% noise level.

Conclusion:
It has been shown that the proposed method is simple to implement and effective for
structural damage identification.
Altered Plasma Global Arginine Bioavailability Ratio in Early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Martínez-Martos José M. , Pulido-Navas María E. , Ramírez-Expósito María J. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
L-arginine is an amino acid that can be metabolized to form several bioactive molecules including Nitric Oxide (NO). In the Central Nervous System (CNS), NO regulates various and important physiological functions. However, the involvement of L-arginine metabolism –and by extension of NO- in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, has been suggested.

Objective:
To determine the Global L-Arginine Bioavailability Ratio (GABR) and NO levels (as the sum of nitrates and nitrites, NOx) in the plasma of early-stage Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients in order to analyze if GABR can reflect an altered NO production, to confirm the importance of L-arginine metabolism in the development of the disease, and to evaluate the putative diagnostic/prognostic value of GABR.

Method:
GABR index is an indicator of the availability of L-arginine to form NO by nitric oxide synthases. It is calculated as the ratio between the levels of L-arginine and the sum of the levels of L-ornithine and L-citrulline. Plasma amino acids are measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. Nitric oxide is measured in plasma as the sum of nitrates and nitrites (NOx).

Results:
No changes were found in L-arginine levels, whereas L-citrulline and L-ornithine levels were highly increased in AD patients. We also found that GABR decreased significantly by 47.8% in AD patients, whereas NOx levels increased significantly by 46.9%. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for GABR showed a sensitivity of 78.1 and a specificity of 90.5.

Conclusion:
Low plasma GABR levels in AD patients reflect that the L-arginine-NO pathway has turned towards NO in AD, probably being related to the nitroxidative stress involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, increased NOx could also be involved in several altered physiological functions. Therefore, GABR is proposed as a putative useful biomarker of the disease.
Estilos de vida en escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad en una escuela primaria de México D.F
Authors: Ponce Gómez Gandhy , Sotomayor Sánchez Sandra M. , Salazar Gómez Teresa , Bernal Becerril Martha Lilia 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: La nutrición constituye un factor determinante de la salud, desempeño físico, mental y de la productividad, particularmente la niñez constituye una población de riesgo, ya que representa un periodo crítico en el ser humano, caracterizado por el crecimiento físico, el desarrollo psicomotor, social. México es el primer país en Latinoamérica con una alta incidencia de obesidad en escolares, de acuerdo con los criterios de la International Obesity Task Force (iotf), reporta una prevalencia nacional combinada de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños de 5 a 11 años de alrededor del 26%, para ambos sexos. Objetivos: Identificar los estilos de vida de niños en edad escolar con sobrepeso y obesidad en una primaria pública del D.F. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, conformado por toda la población escolar constituida por 503 alumnos de 6 a 11 años. Para la detección de sobrepeso y obesidad se tomo peso, talla así como medición del Índice de Masa Corporal (imc); se determinaron los estilos de vida a través de la aplicación de un instrumento elaborado por Ponce, Sotomayor, Bernal y Salazar (2007), el cual exploró básicamente tres áreas: alimentación, ejercicio - actividad física y recreación. Resultados: 14% del total de niños presenta problemas de sobrepeso u obesidad (71 niños), el 60% consume alimentos no preparados en casa de manera habitual, 99% refiere que la única actividad física es la que se realiza dentro de la escuela, el 34% ve televisión de 3 a 6 hrs diariamente. Existen diferencias significativas en la incidencia de sobrepeso por sexo (razón de 1.5 varones por cada mujer con sobrepeso u obesidad) y también en niños que incrementan sus horas de sedentarismo (p=<.001). Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos en la etapa descriptiva coinciden con lo reportado en la literatura nacional e internacional8 y 9 Los ayunos prolongados como se mostró en el estudio son factores importantes para condicionar la obesidad tal como lo muestran Veugelers y Fitzgerald. Conclusiones: es importante realizar este tipo de estudios para poder proponer estrategias de intervención de corte educativo lo más apegadas a la situación real de las poblaciones de niños escolares a los que se pretenda cambiar a estilos de vida saludable que logren contribuir a controlar el sobrepeso y prevenir la obesidad.
Productividad y tasa de plusvalor a nivel internacional: evaluación empírica
Authors: Martínez González B. Gloria , Valle Alejandro , Sánchez Cesar 
Published: January 2019

<p>En el presente trabajo se examina la relación entre productividad y tasa de plusvalor, y si en los países desarrollados –con mayor productividad–, se verifica una tasa de plusvalor mayor a la correspondiente a los países subdesarrollados de acuerdo con la<br />conjetura teórica marxista de dicha relación a nivel internacional. Para ello se emplearon tablas de contingencia, análisis multivariado mediante clústeres y análisis econométrico de datos de panel de efectos fijos. En este último se usaron diversas bases de datos cuyos periodos de estudio van desde la posguerra a la primera década del siglo XXI.</p>
Política de subsidios de los combustibles en Brasil: una simulación de sus impactos macroeconómicos
Authors: Lira Almeida Bruna , Paes Nelson 
Published: January 2019

<p>Entre os anos de 2011 e 2014, o preço internacional do petróleo apresentou-se a um nível bastante elevado. A Petrobrás vendia derivados de petróleo a um preço estabelecido pelo governo, menor que o internacional, para impedir que um aumento de preços fosse repassado ao mercado doméstico, caracterizando uma política de subsídio aos combustíveis derivados do petróleo. Através de um modelo macroeconômico, esse trabalho busca calcular as alterações ocorridas no consumo e na produção de combustíveis e dos demais bens da economia brasileira quando se retira o subsídio do preço do combustível, compensado por uma redução tributária. </p>