bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term starvation stress at young adult stages enhances meiotic activity of germ cells to maintain spermatogenesis in aged male Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chou Wan‐Yi , Lin Yu‐Chun , Lee Ying‐Hue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo survive and reproduce, living organisms must evolve numerous mechanisms to re‐adjust their physiology when encountering adverse conditions that subject them to severe stress. We found that short‐term starvation (STS) stress in young adult male Caenorhabditis elegans can significantly improve their vitality (relative to nonstressed males) when they are aged. In addition, we found that stress‐treated aged males maintained reproductive activity equivalent to young males, whereas nonstressed aged males quickly lost reproductive ability. STS stress can preserve sperm number and quality in aged male worms. Spermatogenesis involves germ cell mitosis and meiosis. We found that germ cell meiotic activity is more sensitive to aging than mitotic activity and is declining rapidly with age. We examined the role of numerous factors important for spermatogenesis on STS‐preserved spermatogenesis during aging. Our results show that mutant strains deficient in anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) function fail to exhibit the STS stress‐enhanced spermatogenesis found in wild‐type N2 worms, suggesting that the mechanism underlying starvation‐induced spermatogenesis involves the APC/C complex, a conserved ubiquitin‐protein ligase E3 complex. Furthermore, transgenic expression of FZY‐1/CDC‐20, a coactivator of APC/C, ameliorated the age‐associated decline of meiosis, similar to the hormetic effect of STS.
Genetic association of DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes with milk yield and composition in dairy cattle
Authors: Li Y. , Han B. , Liu L. , Zhao F. , Liang W. , Jiang J. , Yang Y. , Ma Z. , Sun D. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPreviously, we identified by RNA sequencing that DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the mammary glands of lactating Holstein cows with extremely high and low milk protein and fat percentages; thus, these four genes are considered as promising candidates potentially affecting milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle. In the present study, we further verified whether these genes have genetic effects on milk traits in a Chinese Holstein population. By re‐sequencing part of the non‐coding and the entire coding regions of the DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes, a total of 35 SNPs and three insertions/deletions were identified, of which three were found in DDIT3, 12 in RPL23A, 16 in SESN2 and seven in NR4A1. Moreover, two of the insertions/deletions—g.125714860_125714872del and g.125714806delinsCCCC in SESN2—were novel and have not been reported previously. Subsequent single SNP analyses revealed multiple significant association with all 35 SNPs and three indels regressed against the dairy production traits (P‐value = <0.0001–0.0493). In addition, with a linkage disequilibrium analysis, we found one, one, three, and one haplotype blocks in the DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 genes respectively. Haplotype‐based association analyses revealed that some haplotypes were also significantly associated with milk production traits (P‐value = <0.0001–0.0461). We also found that 12 SNPs and two indels (two in DDIT3, two in RPL23A, nine in SESN2 and one in NR4A1) altered the specific transcription factor binding sites in the promoter, thereby regulating promoter activity, suggesting that they might be promising potential functional variants for milk traits. In summary, our findings first determined the genetic associations of DDIT3, RPL23A, SESN2 and NR4A1 with milk yield and composition traits in dairy cattle and also suggested potentially causal variants, which require in‐depth validation.
Editorial: ascitic cholesterol—is it superior to serum‐ascites albumin gradient?
Authors: Patel Samarth Siddharth , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Du et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15042 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15105.
Editorial: infliximab de‐escalation in inflammatory bowel disease using a therapeutic drug monitoring strategy—early promise but more data needed
Authors: Gibson David J. , Ward Mark G. 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lucidarme et al and Bouguen and Siproudhis papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15046 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15151.
Editorial: infliximab de‐escalation in inflammatory bowel disease using a therapeutic drug monitoring strategy – early promise but more data needed. Authors’ reply
Authors: Bouguen Guillaume , Siproudhis Laurent 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Lucidarme et al and Gibson and Ward papers.
To view these articles, https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15046 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15081.
Letter: put on your thinking cap – tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus. Author’s reply
Authors: Pan Calvin Q. 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Wang et al and Vyas and Jindal papers. To
view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15064 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15123.
Illusory perception of auditory filled duration is task‐ and context‐dependent
Authors: Zheng Wanting , Chen Lihan 
Published: February 2019

In filled‐duration illusion, a continuous (long) tone or an auditory sequence with multiple clicks is typically perceived as longer than the same physical duration (i.e., empty interval) enclosed by two auditory clicks. The auditory sequence is composed of multiple empty intervals. However, the individual empty interval in an auditory sequence, compared with the empty interval presented alone, could be biased in duration perception. In the current study, we implemented five experiments to reveal that the time perception of a single empty interval versus that of (mean) empty intervals in an auditory sequence depends on the task demands and contextual information. Specifically, we observed that the empty interval (140 ms) was perceived as longer than the same physical inter‐stimulus interval in a sound sequence (Experiments 1 and 3). However, the empty interval (140 ms) was perceived as shorter than a continuous beep (i.e., filled duration of 140 ms) (Experiment 2). We observed a robust compression effect, in which the target empty interval (bounded by two oddball clicks) was perceived as shorter than the other physically equivalent intervals in a sound sequence (Experiment 4). In addition to the ‘compression’, perception of the target empty interval was assimilated by the other, task‐irrelevant empty intervals in the sound sequence (Experiment 5). We explained the observed contextually modulated temporal illusions within a Bayesian inference framework.
Use of indocyanine green to minimise uretero‐enteric strictures after robotic radical cystectomy
Authors: Ahmadi Nariman , Ashrafi Akbar N. , Hartman Natalie , Shakir Aliasger , Cacciamani Giovanni E. , Freitas Daniel , Rajarubendra Nieroshan , Fay Carlos , Berger Andre , Desai Mihir M. , Gill Inderbir S. , Aron Monish 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of indocyanine green (ICG) for assessing ureteric vascularity on the rate of uretero‐enteric stricture formation after robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD).Patients and methodsWe identified 179 patients undergoing RARC and ICUD between January 2014 and May 2017, and divided the patients into two groups based on the utilisation of ICG for the assessment of ureteric vascularity (non‐ICG group and ICG group). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records to identify the length of ureter excised. Demographic, perioperative outcomes (including 90‐day complications and readmissions), and the rate of uretero‐enteric stricture were compared between the two groups. The two groups were compared using the t‐test for continuous variables and the chi‐squared test for categorical variables. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 132 and 47 patients were in the non‐ICG group and the ICG group, respectively. There were no differences in baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes including operating time, estimated blood loss, and length of stay. The ICG group was associated with a greater length of ureter being excised during the uretero‐enteric anastomosis and a greater proportion of patients having long segment (>5 cm) ureteric resection. The median follow‐up was 14 and 12 months in the non‐ICG and ICG groups, respectively. The ICG group was associated with no uretero‐enteric strictures compared to a per‐patient stricture rate of 10.6% and a per‐ureter stricture rate of 6.6% in the non‐ICG group (P = 0.020 and P = 0.013, respectively).ConclusionThe use of ICG fluorescence to assess distal ureteric vascularity during RARC and ICUD may reduce the risk of ischaemic uretero‐enteric strictures. The technique is simple, safe, and reproducible. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are needed to confirm our findings.
Maternal periodontitis and preterm birth: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Manrique‐Corredor Edwar J. , Orozco‐Beltran Domingo , Lopez‐Pineda Adriana , Quesada Jose A. , Gil‐Guillen Vicente F. , Carratala‐Munuera Concepcion 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the association between periodontitis and preterm birth in women of childbearing age.Materials and MethodsThis review included analytical case‐control studies and prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth. Of the 3104 screened articles, 31 met the inclusion criteria for the review, and 20 met the quality criteria. The selected studies included a total of 10 215 women.ResultsTwenty articles contributed to the meta‐analysis; 16 used a case‐control design, and 4 were prospective cohort studies. The study heterogeneity was low (Q = 24.2464;P = 0.1869;I2 = 21.63%). A positive association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth was found in 60% of the studies. Under the random‐effects model, meta‐analysis gave an odds ratio (OR) of 2.01 (95%CI1.71, 2.36), representing a significant positive association between the explanatory and outcome variables.ConclusionPregnant mothers with periodontitis double the risk of preterm birth. There is a lack of international consensus for diagnosing maternal periodontitis.
Nocardia infections in solid organ transplantation: Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation
Authors: Restrepo Alejandro , Clark Nina M. ,   on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation
Published: February 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of Nocardia infections after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Nocardia infections have increased in the last two decades, likely due to improved detection and identification methods and an expanding immunocompromised population. The risk of developing nocardiosis after transplantation varies with the type of organ transplanted and the immunosuppression regimen used. Nocardia infection most commonly involves the lung. Disseminated infection can occur, with spread to the bloodstream, skin, or central nervous system. Early recognition of the infection and initial appropriate treatment is important to achieve good outcomes. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are strongly recommended, as inter‐ and intraspecies susceptibility patterns can vary. Sulfonamide is the first‐line treatment of Nocardia infections, and combination therapy with at least two antimicrobial agents should be used initially for disseminated or severe nocardiosis. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) prophylaxis may be helpful in preventing Nocardia infection after SOT.
Viral hepatitis: Guidelines by the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Disease Community of Practice
Authors: Te Helen , Doucette Karen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of viral hepatitis in the pre‐ and post‐transplant period. The current guidelines reflect the declining need for hepatitis B immunoglobulin following liver transplant, now replaced with nucleos(t)ide analogues that effectively suppress viral replication for the long term with minimal risk for drug resistance. It describes the limitations of pegylated interferon alpha in the treatment for chronic hepatitis D. The guidelines feature the paradigm shift in the treatment arena of chronic hepatitis C, now consisting of highly effective direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) medications that effect a cure almost universally. Its safety profile and easy tolerance have permitted its use in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and/or end‐stage renal disease. The high potency of the DAA's has fueled the rapidly expanding utilization of hepatitis C‐exposed grafts in non‐hepatitis C‐infected liver, heart, or kidney recipients within structured protocols, followed by viral eradication with DAA therapy in the peri‐ or post‐transplant period. Chronic hepatitis E has become more recognized in the solid‐organ transplant recipients, and the therapeutic approach has been streamlined to start with reduction of immunosuppression, and if indicated afterward, ribavirin monotherapy.
Effect of carbamazepine on spontaneous recurrent seizures recorded from the dentate gyrus in rats with kainate‐induced epilepsy
Authors: Grabenstatter Heidi L. , Dudek F. Edward 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveAnimal models of chronic epilepsy with spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) may be useful in the discovery and mechanistic analyses of antiseizure drugs (ASDs). Carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely used ASD with a well‐defined mechanism, was analyzed in this proof‐of‐principle study to determine how a traditional ASD affects the properties of SRSs.MethodsThe effects of CBZ on electrographic SRSs recorded from the dentate gyrus were studied in freely behaving rats using a repeated, low‐dose kainate model of acquired epilepsy with a repeated‐measures, crossover protocol.ResultsAlmost all seizure durations were >20 seconds. Both seizure likelihood and duration appeared to be similar between 1 and 8 hours after individual CBZ injections. CBZ‐induced decreases in seizure frequency were not significant at 10 mg/kg; however, at 30 mg/kg, seizure frequency was significantly reduced for convulsive but not nonconvulsive seizures. At 100 mg/kg, CBZ strongly suppressed both convulsive and nonconvulsive seizures. Although CBZ had a dose‐dependent effect on seizure frequency, CBZ did not affect seizure duration at any dose. The preceding interictal interval did not affect seizure duration; however, at 30 mg/kg CBZ, nearly all seizures were nonconvulsive when the interictal interval was <30 minutes (ie, during clusters).SignificanceIncreased doses of CBZ (10‐100 mg/kg) suppressed the frequency but not the duration of convulsive and nonconvulsive seizures in the repeated, low‐dose kainate model. The repeated‐measures, crossover protocol, which requires relatively few animals and compensates for progressive increases in seizure frequency during epileptogenesis after status epilepticus, allowed quantitative analyses of clinically relevant and translatable properties of SRSs.
Sapwood biomass carbon in northern boreal and temperate forests
Authors: Thurner Martin , Beer Christian , Crowther Thomas , Falster Daniel , Manzoni Stefano , Prokushkin Anatoly , Schulze Ernst‐Detlef 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimInformation on the amount of carbon stored in the living tissue of tree stems (sapwood) is crucial for carbon and water cycle applications. Here, we aim to investigate sapwood‐to‐stem proportions and differences therein between tree genera and derive a sapwood biomass map.LocationNorthern Hemisphere boreal and temperate forests.Time period2010.Major taxa studiedTwenty‐five common tree genera.MethodsFirst, we develop a theoretical framework to estimate sapwood biomass for a given stem biomass by applying relationships between sapwood cross‐sectional area (CSA) and stem CSA and between stem CSA and stem biomass. These measurements are extracted from a biomass and allometry database (BAAD), an extensive literature review and our own studies. The established allometric relationships are applied to a remote sensing‐based stem biomass product in order to derive a spatially continuous sapwood biomass map. The application of new products on the distribution of stand density and tree genera facilitates the synergy of satellite and forest inventory data.ResultsSapwood‐to‐stem CSA relationships can be modelled with moderate to very high modelling efficiency for different genera. The total estimated sapwood biomass equals 12.87 ± 6.56 petagrams of carbon (PgC) in boreal (mean carbon density: 1.13 ± 0.58 kgC m−2) and 15.80 ± 9.10 PgC in temperate (2.03 ± 1.17 kgC m−2) forests. Spatial patterns of sapwood‐to‐stem biomass proportions are crucially driven by the distribution of genera (spanning from 20–30% in Larix to > 70% in Pinus and Betula forests).Main conclusionsThe presented sapwood biomass map will be the basis for large‐scale estimates of plant respiration and transpiration. The enormous spatial differences in sapwood biomass proportions reveal the need to consider the functionally more important sapwood instead of the entire stem biomass in global carbon and water cycle studies. Alterations in tree species distribution, induced by forest management or climate change, can strongly affect the available sapwood biomass even if stem biomass remains unchanged.
Outcomes indicators and processes in transitional care in adolescents with haemophilia: A Delphi survey of Canadian haemophilia care providers
Authors: Sun Haowei (Linda) , Breakey Vicky R. , Straatman Lynn , Wu John K. , Jackson Shannon 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionIt is unclear which outcome indicators should be used to measure the success of haemophilia transition programs, and what are key elements of a haemophilia transition program to ensure success.AimTo establish by expert consensus a list of important and feasible outcome indicators of successful haemophilia transition, and a list of key elements of transition planning.MethodsA modified two‐stage Delphi survey was developed and disseminated among a panel of Canadian interdisciplinary haemophilia care providers. Participants were asked to rate the importance and feasibility of outcome indicators of effective haemophilia transition and elements of haemophilia transition program. In the second round, participants were asked to choose the top five outcomes suitable for inclusion in a core outcome set of transition effectiveness, and the top five elements that are important and feasible for implementation within the next 5 years.ResultsIn total, 34/73 (47%) of participants completed the first round and 33 completed the second round, representing a variety of disciplines. Top outcome indicators recommended for a core outcome set include measurement of adherence, change in bleeding rate, self‐efficacy skills, haemophilia knowledge, patient and caregiver satisfaction, time gap between last paediatric and first adult clinic, and number of emergency room or hospital admissions. Fourteen elements of transition achieved consensus in importance ratings, while eight were felt to be feasible for implementation within next 5 years.ConclusionsResults will contribute towards the development of a haemophilia transition outcome instrument and provide guidance for future studies of the effectiveness of transition programs.
Once‐weekly prophylaxis with glycoPEGylated recombinant factor VIII (N8‐GP) in severe haemophilia A: Safety and efficacy results from pathfinder 2 (randomized phase III trial)
Authors: Curry Nicola , Albayrak Canan , Escobar Miguel , Andre Holme Pål , Kearney Susan , Klamroth Robert , Misgav Mudi , Négrier Claude , Wheeler Allison , Santagostino Elena , Shima Midori , Landorph Andrea , Tønder Sidsel Marie , Lentz Steven R. 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionTuroctocog alfa pegol (N8‐GP) is a site‐specific, 40 kDa glycoPEGylated recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) product with an extended half‐life. The comprehensive main phase of the pivotal pathfinder 2 trial showed N8‐GP dosed every 4 days (Q4D) provided favourable safety and efficacy for preventing bleeds in 175 patients with haemophilia A.Aim and methodsWe investigated the safety and efficacy of N8‐GP prophylaxis when administered weekly (Q7D) for 24 weeks to patients with low bleeding rates in the pathfinder 2 extension trial. Patients (≥12 years) with ≤2 bleeds during the preceding 6 months of the pathfinder 2 main phase were eligible for randomization to receive N8‐GP 50 IU/kg Q4D or 75 IU/kg Q7D. Safety and efficacy endpoints were incidence of FVIII inhibitors and annualized bleeding rate (ABR), respectively.ResultsFifty‐five of 143 (38.5%) patients on prophylaxis who continued into the extension phase were randomized to receive 50 IU/kg Q4D (n = 17) or 75 IU/kg Q7D (n = 38). Nine patients in the Q7D cohort reverted to 50 IU/kg Q4D. No inhibitors were detected. In both cohorts, >50% of patients experienced no bleeds. Median ABR for overall, joint, spontaneous, traumatic and muscle was 0.00 for both cohorts. Overall estimated success rate for treating bleeding episodes was 87.5%; 94.7% of bleeds were controlled with ≤2 injections.ConclusionsWeekly N8‐GP was well tolerated and efficacious and may benefit selected “low bleeder” patients with haemophilia A.
Genetic variants of VWF gene in type 2 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Freitas Samuel da Silva , Rezende Suely Meireles , de Oliveira Luciana Correa , Prezotti Alessandra Nunes Loureiro , Renni Marília Sande , Corsini Camila Amormino , Amorim Marcos Vinícius de Almeida , Matosinho Carolina Guimarães Ramos , Carvalho Maria Raquel Santos , Chaves Daniel Gonçalves 
Published: February 2019

Introductionvon Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Few studies have explored the molecular basis of type 2 VWD.AimThis study aimed to identify variants associated with type 2 VWD.MethodsWe collected clinical and laboratory data, as well as response to desmopressin and bleeding assessment tool (BAT) score in patients diagnosed with type 2 VWD. We sequenced exons 17, 18, 20 and 28 of the VWF gene.ResultsWe identified 19 different variants in 40 unrelated patients (47.5%). Most of the variants (84.2%) were found in exon 28. A total of 10/19 variants (52.6%) were identified as “likely causative” in 17/40 patients (42.5%), according to the ISTH‐SSC and EAHAD VWF gene mutations databases. Nine variants were initially identified as potentially benign. However, through analyses in silico, four of these variants were reclassified as “likely pathogenic” (Ile1380Val, Asn1435Ser, Ser1486Leu and Tyr1584Cys). Response to desmopressin was associated with three variants: Met740Ile, Arg1597Gln and Tyr1584Cys. Major bleeding was associated with variants related to VWD subtypes 2B and 2M.ConclusionIn conclusion, we identified 19 variants, of which 14 are “likely pathogenic” and therefore associated with VWD. We suggest a possible association of pathogenic variants with major bleeding, response to desmopressin and BAT score ≥10, although this requires further confirmation.