bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusão e Aquisição para obtenção de vantagem competitiva: um estudo no setor de supermercados
Authors: Zômpero Ortolan Víctor , Vieira da Silva Douglas 
Published: February 2019

O estudo apresentado a seguir busca compreender a estratégia de fusão e aquisição como fonte de criação de vantagem competitiva para pequenas e médias empresas em supermercados localizados em regiões do interior do Estado de São Paulo. De modo a melhor conhecer os fenômenos que se desejava estudar, foram pesquisadas duas empresas do segmento de supermercados atuantes na região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo e que utilizam ou já utilizaram tal estratégia. Para tanto, buscou-se conhecer através de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória qualitativa realizada junto à quatro executivos responsáveis pela gestão das empresas. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar se o processo de fusão e aquisição gera Vantagem Competitiva para a empresa e se ela é Sustentável. A coleta de dados foi realizada e tratada através da análise de conteúdo. O referente estudo resultou na identificação de ações estratégicas realizadas pelas empresas em busca de um posicionamento estratégico diferenciado no mercado em que elas estão inseridas. O presente estudo apresenta em suas considerações finais a utilização da Estratégia de Fusão e Aquisição por parte das empresas foco como sendo um fator de importante desenvolvimento de uma Vantagem Competitiva Sustentável. The studies were part of the strategy of expansion and expansion as a source of competitiveness creation for medium and large companies in the interior regions of the State of São Paulo. The way of knowing the businesses that glimpsed the labor market, were identified and the companies of the market segment that are active in the western region of the State of São Paulo and that use or use the strategy. In order to do so, we sought qualitative exploratory research alongside four company executives. This study aims to analyze the fusion and capture process. Competitive Advantage for a company and it is Sustainable. A data collection was performed and treated through content analysis. The basic study is an identification of strategic actions in companies in search of a strategic address differentiated in the market in which they are inserted. The present study is presented as one of the main strategies of Fusion and Acquisition by the focus companies as being an important factor in the development of a Sustainable Competitive Advantage.
O Dark Side no Setor Rural: um panorama das condições de trabalho análogas à escravidão no Brasil
Authors: Aguiar Mirelle Simões de , Assis Bethânia Alves de , Oliveira Marilene Olivier Ferreira de , Rosa Filho Duarte De Souza , Duarte Danilo Alves 
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar um panorama do trabalho escravo rural contemporâneo no Brasil, com base em estatísticas elaboradas a partir das fiscalizações dos Auditores Fiscais do Trabalho, do então Ministério do Trabalho (MTb), nos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017. Assim, utilizou-se uma abordagem quali-quantitativa por meio das pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. Os dados foram coletados em arquivos digitais do MTb, fomentados pelas auditorias realizadas pelos fiscais governamentais. O pano de fundo teórico teve início com os conceitos do Dark Side, complementados pela dimensão jurídica dos danos (materiais, morais e existenciais) e pela teoria da Sociedade Disciplinar elaborada por Foucault em sua obra Vigiar e Punir. Os dados quantitativos foram organizados em tabelas, utilizando-se cálculos percentuais, que consolidam os resultados das fiscalizações. Ao final foram encontrados diversos tipos de danos ao trabalhador escravizado, listadas as consequências das ações dos auditores e feita uma analogia com a Sociedade de Controle. Verificou-se que as características do Dark Side em relação aos trabalhadores em situação análoga à escravidão, foram diferentes da proposta feita para as organizações em ambientes urbanos, construindo-se, então, uma estrutura específica para o segmento em questão. The objective of this study was to present a panorama of contemporary rural slave labor in Brazil, based on statistics based on the inspections of the Auditors of the Labor Inspectorate of the then Ministry of Labor (MTb), in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017. Thus, a qualitative-quantitative approach was used through documentary and bibliographic research. The data were collected in digital files of MTb, fomented by the audits carried out by the government fiscals. The theoretical background began with the concepts of the Dark Side, complemented by the legal dimension of damages (material, moral and existential) and by the theory of the Disciplinary Society elaborated by Foucault in his work Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison. The quantitative data were organized into tables, using percentage calculations, which consolidate the results of the inspections. At the end, it were found several types of damages to the enslaved worker, listed the consequences of the actions of the auditors and made an analogy with the Control Society. It was verified that the characteristics of the Dark Side in relation to the workers in situations analogous to slavery, were different from the proposal made for the organizations in urban environments, constructing, then, a specific structure for the segment in question.
Personnel Control Practices in Insurance Companies of Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Jitendra Pd 
Published: February 2019

Background - Personnel controlling is used to achieve best possible use of employees and their development to get the maximum benefit for the company. It will be present not only in the human resource planning and staff assessment, but also in selection, professional development, health and safety
Purpose – The purpose of the study is to analyze the practices of personnel control in Insurance Companies of Nepal
Methodology – Due to the specific nature of the research objectives, descriptive cum analytical research design has been used.
Findings – All the insurance companies have applied the personnel control approaches in their company.
Impact of Educational Intervention in Knowledge of Infection Prevention and Control among healthcare professionals in Nepal
Authors: Pradhan Sait Kumar , Shrestha Sweta 
Published: February 2019

Background: Health care-associated infection (HCAI) affects the mortality and morbidity of inpatients worldwide. Nepal is a developing country in which HCAI pose a major problem in terms of patient safety. Improper and inadequate knowledge about HCAI among health care workers is responsible for majority of nosocomial infections resulting in prolonged illness. Thus this study was designed to assess the level of knowledge of infection control among nurses and pharmacists.
Methods: A pre and post interventional study was conducted in 22 participants using a self-administered questionnaire which included queries on hand hygiene strategies, cross contamination sources and aseptic services. Each correct answer was scored as 1 and an incorrect answer was scored as zero. The total score for each individual was calculated before and after the intervention which was compared using the Paired t test at 95% confidence interval.
Result: 81.8% of the participants possessed a good knowledge on infection prevention and control practices which increased to 100% after intervention. The difference in knowledge score before and after the workshop was found to be statistically significant (p=0.034). Previous training and duration of work experience was found to be correlated with the knowledge score whereas the other independent variables had no association with the knowledge score.
Conclusion: Educational intervention has a positive impact in the knowledge level of the healthcare professionals in infection and prevention control.
Gallbladder Cancer: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Sharma Anup , Thapa P , Dhakal A 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is the commonest cancer of the biliary tree and the most frequent cause of death from biliary malignancies. The overall resection rates at presentation range from 10%-30% only. Therefore, a large number of patients are inoperable with overall survival of only 6-8 months. Palliation of the pain, jaundice, pruritus is a big challenge in patients with advanced disease.
Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of patients with GBC during the period of October 2014 to September 2017 at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, department of surgery.
Results: There were 216 cases of gastrointestinal malignancies with 54(25%) GBC. There was female (75.92%) preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:3.15. The mean age was 61.41±12.18. The most common symptom at presentation was pain in a right upper abdomen (87.03%) followed by abdominal lump (41.23%) and surgical jaundice (18.51%). Fundus (70.37%) was the most common site of involvement followed by body (5.55%) and neck (24.05%). Gall stone was associated in 44 (81.48%) patients. Only 7 (12.96%) patients had localized GBC, 25 (46.29%) patients had locally advanced disease and 22 (40.74%) had metastatic disease. Liver was the commonest site of metastatis followed by peritoneum and two patients had left supraclavicular lymph node metastatis. There were two (3.72%) incidental gall bladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 13 (24.07%) patients were operated with intention of radical cholecystectomy but only six (46.15%) patient could undergo radical resection. Staging laparoscopy was done in all patients except for incidental gall bladder cancer. Metastatic disease was identified in 3 (23.07%) on staging laparoscopy. In eight (61.33%) among 13 patients the disease was unresectable. The most common histology was adenocarcinoma and most common stage was stage III and stage IV when both operated and non-operated groups were combined.
Conclusions: GBC was the commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer with a female preponderance. A majority of patients were inoperable at presentation with pain in abdomen being the most common symptom. Surgery although is the main stay of treatment is not possible in many.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Eclampsia: A Study From Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Haque Husneyara , Thapa Kalpana Kumari 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Eclampsia is an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy associated with elevated maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study was done with the aim to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcome in eclampsia patients and to observe various factors affecting its occurrence and outcome.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional hospital based study carried out in Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj from January 2015 to December 2016. Details and data obtained from maternity register were analysed. All patients with eclampsia were included and fetomaternal outcomes measured in terms of complications. Simple descriptive statistical method was applied for analysis. Result: Out of 6056 pregnant women, 46 had eclampsia with the incidence of 7.59 per 1000 deliveries. 58.7% of study population belonged to age group of 21-30 years followed by 36.96% from age less than 20 years. 78.26% cases were unbooked. 73.91% eclamptic patients were primi gravida and 60.87% had gestational age less than 37 weeks. Half of pregnancies with eclampsia underwent ceasarian for delivery and 30.44% required ICU care. One third women developed eclampsia related complications and 2(4.35%) died. Common complications were atonic postpartum heamorrhage (15.21%), psychosis (8.71%) acute renal failure (4.35%). 60.86% newborn were preterm and 56.52% were low birth weight. In 50% newborn, Apgar score at 5 minutes was less than 7. Fetal death was 10.85%.
Conclusion: Eclampsia continues to be one of the prime etiological factors for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore early recognition and proper management are vital to tackle this challenge.
Assessment of Patch Test in Predicting Ossicular Status in Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Bhandari Shama , Parajuli S. , Saxena R. K. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To assess the reliability of paper-patch test in predicting the intra-operative ossicular status of patients with tympanic th membrane perforation from small to medium size.
Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study conducted from 30 April, st 2016 to 1 May, 2017 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital. The patients of chronic otitis media with small to medium sized central perforation were subjected to complete history taking and thorough examination. Audiological evaluation was done before patching, then after patching the perforation with cigarette paper. The result was recorded to predict the ossicular status.
Result: The most common age group affected by the disease was 20-30 years with 21(42%) patients. Most of them were females 28(56%). Left ear was affected more 19(38%) than right ear 16(32%) and bilateral 15(30%). All the patients had conductive type of hearing loss out of which moderate degree of hearing loss was present in 36(72%) and mild degree of hearing was present in 14(28%). Following patch test, the hearing improved and in 7(14%) of patients the hearing came to normalcy. Majority of patients had mild degree of hearing loss, i.e., 36(72%) and moderate degree of hearing loss was seen in 7(14%). It was found that in those patients in whom there was less improvement in hearing that i.e. less than 10 dB, the mobility of the ossicles was restricted intra-operatively.
Conclusion: The type of hearing loss was conductive hearing loss out of which most common was moderate degree of hearing loss in 36(72%) followed by mild degree of hearing present in 14(28%). Following patch test, it was found that in those patients in whom there was less improvement in hearing i.e., less than 10 dB,ossicular discontinuity was noted intra-operatively and thus ossicular reconstruction by tympanoplasty procedures had to be undertaken.
Prevalence of Candida Albicans in Genital Tract of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of Nepalgunj Medical College Hospital
Authors: Rai Maya , Poudel T. P. , Gurung K. , Neupane G. P. , B.C. Durga 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the important risk factor for occurrence of vaginal candidiasis which may lead to pregnancy complications like abortions, premature birth, low birth weight and other morbidities. It is essential to know pattern of distribution of the species of Candida that are pathogenic.
Aim and Objective: To identify prevalence of Candida albicans in the genital tract of pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: Total of 100 vaginal swabs were collected from 100 pregnant women attending at antenatal clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics department for a period of six months from March 2017 to August 2017. Gram's staining and inoculation onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium were done for general identification of yeast and to isolate the positive cases. The specifications of Candida species was done on the basis of sugar fermentation, carbohydrate assimilation, production of germ tube in fresh human serum, formation of chlamydospore on Cornmeal agar and colour of colony on CHRO Magar.
Results: Out of 100 high vaginal swabs 40(40%) samples were positive for Candida. Of these positive samples, Candida albicans was isolated in 52.5% of pregnant women. Candida albicans was most commonly isolated in the age group of 25-29(38.09%), in third trimester of pregnancy and in the multigravidae.
Conclusions: High prevalence of Candida albicans species among pregnant women were documented in this study. Our results indicate that gravidity, as the risk factor for occurrence of infection, has the significant role in the occurrence of vaginal candidiasis.
Autonomic Function test in person with Obesity aAmong Mid-Western Population of Nepal
Authors: Neupane Pant Bhawana , Goit Rajesh Kumar , Panta Manoj , Neupane Ashish , Bhargava Pushpa 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Autonomic dysfunction qualifies a major public health problems owing to their high prevalence and incidence globally. Among many predisposing factor of autonomic neuropathy such as age, gender, genetic, diabetes etc, obesity also has significant . impact Although a lot of progress has been achieved in past decade on accessibility and awareness about health, the obesity remains impending and burgeoning health concern in Nepal. With this trend, we can foresee that the Body Mass Index (BMI) one of the commonly used indirect measure of obesity, might potentially turn out to be one of the leading factor of autonomic dysfunction.
Methods: 100 healthy subjects were screened and divided into 2 groups- Group I (BMI>30) and Group II (BMI< 30). Height & weight were measured & BMI was calculated. Resting heart rate (RHR) was recorded with Lead II of ECG. Blood pressure (BP) and Heart Rate (HR) were recorded in supine position and on immediate standing. Cold pressure test (CPT): Resting BP was recorded in sitting position. Then the subjects were asked to immerse the hand in cold water, and the BP was measured from other hand. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 (Statistical Package for Social Science).
Result: Our result showed that RHR of Group I (79.32±4.22) was higher than that of Group II (74.38±7.26). However, on student –T test, BP and HR response to immediate standing (P=0.34 &P=0.23 respectively) were non-significant between group I and group II person. When the correlation was done for the change in BP in response to CPT in between obese and non-obese person it was found to be significant (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Our data suggests that the BMI can be a predictor of autonomic dysfunction.
Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Snake Bite Cases in Western Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Sujeeta , Joshi R. , Shrestha D. B. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Prevalence of snake bite is high in Nepal. However, there is no exact figure of mortality and morbidity associated with snake-bite probably due to poor reporting.
Objectives: To study demographic characters of snake bite victims, to see clinical symptoms of the bite, outcome of snake bite, use of ASVS and its associated anaphylactic reaction.
Methods: A retrospective observational hospital based study carried out through July- October 2017 of the patients with the history of snake bite and visited to secondary level hospital (Army Hospital) at Nepalganj.
Result: Among 169 cases of snake bite between 6 months to 83 years, 49.70% was between 20-54 years. Highest number of cases (n=110) came from local areas of Nepalganj like Manikapur, Alanagar, Fulltegra, Daduwa, Gayatrinagar and Samsherganj. Male victims were 61.53% (n=104) and 38.46% (n=65) were female. Commonest site of bite was in lower limb (n=116), followed by upper limb (n=47), head, neck and trunk. Maximum number of cases came to the center within 90 minutes of bite while only n= 28 came after 180 minutes of bite. Use of tourniquet as first aid was seen in 68% (n=115) and 3 cases came in with incised wound and sucked wound. A total of 97.04% (n=164) were dry bite with 26.62% (n=45) only had suspicion of snake bite (snake not seen due to invisibility or bite other than snake). A majority of cases presented without any other symptoms (with only history of bite), 45.56% had bite marks, 17.16% had pain and swelling at the bite site, 6.7% had bleeding from the site and burning and tingling sensation. A total of 2.95% (n=5) of snake bite cases needed ASVS and one developed ASVS complication.
Conclusion: Snake bite is more common in adult male between 20-54 years and the commonest site is lower limb. Maximum number of cases presented within in 90 minutes of bite using tourniquet on the affected limb as first aid. Only small percentage of snake bite required anti-snake venom treatment and its complication rate is high.
Percutaneous Tibial Length Measurement for Estimation and Correlation of Stature in Nepalese Males
Authors: Poudel Abhishek , Satyal Biswas 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Estimation of stature is an important step in identification of an individual, which often is required in medio-legal practice. It provides a valuable indicator for unknown individual in a population. Through the remains of human skeletal or body parts stature of an individual can be estimated.
Methods and Materials: Percutaneous tibial length (PCTL) is measured in present study to estimate the stature by formulating simple regression equation. The PCTL was measured by the surface anatomical landmarks that is between most prominent part of medial condyle of tibia and tip of medial malleolus.
Result: Positive correlation was found between the length of tibia and estimated height. A linear regression formula was derived for estimation of height from the length of right and left tibia.
Conclusion: Estimated height and observed height were closely related within the range of error. Differences in length of right and left tibia showed statistically non-significant.
Platelet Count/Spleen Diameter Ratio as a Predictor of Esophageal Varices in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Khadka Dipendra , KC Sudhamshu , Khadka Sandip , Regmi Kiran , KC Pooja 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy still remains the gold standard for screening of patients suspected to have esophageal varices but not without limitations. So, this study was conducted to access the diagnostic validity and correlation between non-invasive parameters like platelet count, spleen diameter and their ratio with esophageal varices (EV) in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Liver unit of National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, from October 2016 to September 2017. Complete blood count, liver function tests, liver ultrasound and UGI endoscopy were done for all patients included in the study to detect esophageal varices and the platelet count/spleen diameter (PC/SD) ratio was calculated and analyzed to determine whether it can predict the presence of esophageal varices or not.
Results: Total patients of liver cirrhosis studied after exclusion were 191 EV was present in 125 patients (65.4%). The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio using a cutoff value of ≤ 909 to detect EV independent of the grade had 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity and positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 91% respectively.
Conclusions: PC/SD ratio now can be used as a predictor of presence of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.