bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft sensor design and fault detection using Bayesian network and probabilistic principal component analysis
Authors: Mohammadi Ahad , Zarghami Reza , Lefebvre Dimitri , Golshan Shahab , Mostoufi Navid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBayesian network (BN) and probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) are powerful tools in artificial intelligence. In this study, two intelligent soft sensors, designed based on BN and PPCA, were proposed for fault detection and data prediction in chemical processes. A gas sweetening process was considered as a case study in which the existing data for H2S concentration in sweet gas stream were incomplete. In order to detect faults during the operation, a soft sensor was designed using BN and PPCA for predicting H2S concentration in the sweet gas stream. Then, another soft sensor was developed based on the BN for fault detection, considering the Gaussian mixture model with hidden nodes. The Tennessee‐Eastman challenge process was used to assess the efficiency of the fault detection method. Results showed that the predicted values of the soft sensors are very close to real data. The fault occurring in this process was detected in early stages, demonstrating the good performance of the proposed fault detection system. It was also shown that the performance of the BN is better than the PPCA in prediction of incomplete data. Moreover, the confidence interval can be evaluated for the predicted values when using the BN. An uncertainty analysis was performed to assess the quality of predicted data, and it was observed that the error magnitude of predicted data is smaller when using the BN compared with the PPCA. In particular, the results showed that the BN model is capable of estimating H2S concentration with nearly 96.1% accuracy, whereas the accuracy of the PCA‐based method was 93.2%.
Human gestational N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor autoantibodies impair neonatal murine brain function
Authors: Jurek Betty , Chayka Mariya , Kreye Jakob , Lang Katharina , Kraus Larissa , Fidzinski Pawel , Kornau Hans‐Christian , Dao Le‐Minh , Wenke Nina K. , Long Melissa , Rivalan Marion , Winter York , Leubner Jonas , Herken Julia , Mayer Simone , Mueller Susanne , Boehm‐Sturm Philipp , Dirnagl Ulrich , Schmitz Dietmar , Kölch Michael , Prüss Harald 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveMaternal autoantibodies are a risk factor for impaired brain development in offspring. Antibodies (ABs) against the NR1 (GluN1) subunit of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) are among the most frequently diagnosed anti‐neuronal surface ABs, yet little is known about effects on fetal development during pregnancy.MethodsWe established a murine model of in utero exposure to human recombinant NR1 and isotype‐matched nonreactive control ABs. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected on embryonic days 13 and 17 each with 240μg of human monoclonal ABs. Offspring were investigated for acute and chronic effects on NMDAR function, brain development, and behavior.ResultsTransferred NR1 ABs enriched in the fetus and bound to synaptic structures in the fetal brain. Density of NMDAR was considerably reduced (up to −49.2%) and electrophysiological properties were altered, reflected by decreased amplitudes of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in young neonates (−34.4%). NR1 AB‐treated animals displayed increased early postnatal mortality (+27.2%), impaired neurodevelopmental reflexes, altered blood pH, and reduced bodyweight. During adolescence and adulthood, animals showed hyperactivity (+27.8% median activity over 14 days), lower anxiety, and impaired sensorimotor gating. NR1 ABs caused long‐lasting neuropathological effects also in aged mice (10 months), such as reduced volumes of cerebellum, midbrain, and brainstem.InterpretationThe data collectively support a model in which asymptomatic mothers can harbor low‐level pathogenic human NR1 ABs that are diaplacentally transferred, causing neurotoxic effects on neonatal development. Thus, AB‐mediated network changes may represent a potentially treatable neurodevelopmental congenital brain disorder contributing to lifelong neuropsychiatric morbidity in affected children. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:656–670
CO2 Hydrogenation on Cu/Al2O3: Role of the Metal/Support Interface in Driving Activity and Selectivity of a Bifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Lam Erwin , Corral‐Pérez Juan José , Larmier Kim , Noh Gina , Wolf Patrick , Comas‐Vives Aleix , Urakawa Atsushi , Copéret Christophe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelective hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol is a key sustainable technology, where Cu/Al2O3 prepared by surface organometallic chemistry displays high activity towards CO2 hydrogenation compared to Cu/SiO2, yielding CH3OH, dimethyl ether (DME), and CO. CH3OH formation rate increases due to the metal–oxide interface and involves formate intermediates according to advanced spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Al2O3 promotes the subsequent conversion of CH3OH to DME, showing bifunctional catalysis, but also increases the rate of CO formation. The latter takes place 1) directly by activation of CO2 at the metal–oxide interface, and 2) indirectly by the conversion of formate surface species and CH3OH to methyl formate, which is further decomposed into CH3OH and CO. This study shows how Al2O3, a Lewis acidic and non‐reducible support, can promote CO2 hydrogenation by enabling multiple competitive reaction pathways on the oxide and metal–oxide interface.
A Camptothecin‐Grafted DNA Tetrahedron as a Precise Nanomedicine to Inhibit Tumor Growth
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Guo Yuanyuan , Ding Fei , Pan Gaifang , Zhu Xinyuan , Zhang Chuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost chemotherapeutics are hydrophobic molecules and need to be converted into hydrophilic form before administration. Based on the excellent hydrophilicity and programmability of DNA, now, a general strategy to construct a precise drug‐containing DNA framework for cancer treatment is reported. In this novel drug delivery system, carbonethyl bromide‐modified camptothecin (CPT) is employed to directly react with phosphorothioate (PS) modified DNAs, resulting in the formation of chemotherapeutics‐grafted DNAs with a responsive disulfide linkage. By tuning the number and site of PS modifications on DNA strands, hydrophilicity of the obtained DNA‐drug conjugates (DDCs) can be regulated to retain their aqueous solubility and capability of molecular recognition. Subsequently, programmable DNA nanotechnology enables the self‐assembly of a precise drug‐containing tetrahedral framework with stimuli‐responsive feature and enhanced antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
Implication for DNA methylation involved in the host transfer of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)
Authors: Chen Wei , Dong Yuhong , Lin Lianyun , Saqib Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed , Ma Xiaoli , Xu Xuejiao , Zhang Lingling , Jing Xiaodong , Peng Lu , Wang Yue , Vasseur Liette , He Weiyi , You Minsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDNA methylation exerts extensive impacts on gene expression of various living organisms exposed to environmental variation. However, little is known whether DNA methylation is involved in the host transfer of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), a worldwide destructive pest of crucifers. In this study, we found that P. xylostella genome exhibited a relatively low level of DNA methylation on the basis of the CpG O/E prediction and experimental validation. A significant positive linear correlation was observed between the stage‐specific expressions of PxDNMT1 and DNA methylation levels (5mC content). Particularly, high levels of DNA methylation and gene expression of PxDNMT1 were observed in eggs and mature females of P. xylostella. After host transfer of P. xylostella from Raphanus sativus to Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified some potential genomic loci that might have changed methylation levels. Using the method of fluorescence‐labeled methylation‐sensitive amplified polymorphism (F‐MSAP), we also found the corresponding genes primarily involved in neural system and signaling. The expressions of six candidate genes were verified by qRT‐PCR. One of the genes, Px009600, might be regulated by a DNA methylation‐mediated mechanism in response to host transfer. Our study provides evidence for a functional system of DNA methylation in P. xylostella and its possible role in adaptation during host transfer. Further studies should examine methylation as responsive factors to different host plants and environmental cues in insect pests.
Diapause hormone directly stimulates the prothoracic glands of diapause larvae under juvenile hormone regulation in the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis Hampson
Authors: Suang Suphawan , Hiruma Kiyoshi , Kaneko Yu , Manaboon Manaporn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLarval diapause in many lepidopteran insects is induced and maintained by high juvenile hormone (JH). In the case of the bamboo borer, Omphisa fuscidentalis, the effect of JH is the opposite: The application of juvenile hormone analog (JHA: S‐methoprene) terminates larval diapause, unlike in other insect species. Here, we analyzed the expression of JH‐receptor Met, DH‐PBAN, and Kr‐h1 in the subesophageal ganglion (SG) from October to April using semi‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results show that OfMet and OfDH‐PBAN messenger RNA in the SG are mainly expressed during the larval diapause stage, while OfKr‐h1 increases during the pupal stage. Using tissue culture techniques and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), diapause hormone (DH) was found to induce ecdysteroidogenesis in the culture medium of the prothoracic gland (PG) after incubation for 30 min with 25 ng and 50 ng of DH. Thus, DH is a novel stimulator for the PG. We identified a DHR homolog in the bamboo borer and confirmed that it is expressed in the PG. In addition, for in vitro experiments, DH increased the expression levels of OfDHR, OfEcR‐A, and ecdysone‐inducible genes in the PG. These results demonstrate that DH can function as a prothoracicotropic factor, and this function of DH might be through of DHR expressed on PG cells. Consequently, DH is one of the key factors in larval diapause break which is triggered by JH in the bamboo borer, O. fuscidentalis.
Melatonin synthesis in the optic lobes and midbrain of the grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens
Authors: Vieira Raúl , Mancebo María J. , Pérez‐Maceira Jorge José , Aldegunde Manuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe pathways of insect melatonin (MEL) biosynthesis apparently follow the same routes as those identified in vertebrates but information on MEL synthesis variations related with serotonin (5‐HT), 5‐hydroxy‐indole acetic acid (5HIAA), and N‐acetylserotonin (NAS) levels, as well as 5‐HT N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) activity throughout the day, is very limited in the insect nervous system. In the present study, the levels of MEL, metabolites (5‐HT, NAS, and 5‐HIAA) and enzyme NAT were determined in the optic lobes and the midbrain of the grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens, in conditions of light and darkness. In both tissues, a different pattern of MEL synthesis was observed over the light/dark cycle. Variations in the levels of 5‐HT, NAS and NAT activity related to the synthesis of cerebral MEL follow a pattern very similar to that observed in the pineal of mammals, with a peak of synthesis in the first half of the scotophase. Also, we observed differences in the metabolism of 5‐HT between the optic lobes and the midbrain light/dark‐dependent.
Increasing productivity of Spirulina platensis in photobioreactors using artificial neural network modeling
Authors: Susanna Deepti , Dhanapal Rahulgandhi , Mahalingam Ranjithragavan , Ramamurthy Viraraghavan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough production of microalgae in open ponds is conventionally practiced due to its economy, exposure of the algae to uncontrollable elements impedes achievement of quality and it is desirable to develop closed reactor cultivation methods for the production of high value products. Nevertheless, there are several constraints which affect growth of in closed reactors, some of which this study aims to address for the production of Spirulina. Periodic introduction of fresh medium resulted in increased trichome numbers and improved algal growth compared to growth in medium that was older than 4 weeks in 20 L polycarbonate bottles. Mixing of the cultures by bubbling air and use of draft tube reduced the damage to the growing cells and permitted increased growth. However, there was better growth in inclined cylindrical reactors mixed with bubbling air. The oxygen production rates were very similar irrespective differences in the maintained cultures densities. The uniformity in oxygen production rate suggested a tendency towards homeostasis in Spirulina cultures. The frequency of biomass harvest on the productivity of Spirulina showed that maintenance of moderate culture density between 0.16 and 0.32 g/L resulted in about 14% more productivity than maintaining the cell density between 0.16 and 0.53 g/L or 48% more than by daily harvest above 0.16 g/L. An artificial neural network based predictive model was developed, and the variables useful for predicting biomass output were identified. The model could predict the growth of Spirulina up to 3 days in advance with a coefficient of determination >0.94.
Validated HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of mutant IDH1/2 inhibitors (enasidenib, ivosidenib and vorasidenib) in mouse plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zakkula Ashok , Dittakavi Sreekanth , Maniyar Malika Muskan , Syed Naveem , Sulochana Suresh P. , Zainuddin Mohd , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors comprise a novel class of anticancer drugs, which are approved to treat acute myeloid leukemia patients having mutations on IDH1/2. We report the development and validation of a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantitation of IDH inhibitors, namely enasidenib (EDB), ivosidenib (IDB) and vorasidenib (VDB), in mouse plasma as per the US Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines. The method involves extraction of EDB, IDB and VDB along with internal standard (IS; phenacetin) from mouse plasma (100 μl) using a simple protein precipitation process. The chromatographic analysis was performed on an HPLC system using a gradient mobile phase (comprising 10 mm ammonium acetate and acetonitrile in a flow‐gradient) and an X‐Terra Phenyl column. The UV detection wave length was set at λmax 265 nm. EDB, IDB, VDB and the IS eluted at 7.36, 8.60, 9.50 and 5.12 min, respectively, with a total run time of 10 min. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.20–12.5 μg/ml for EDB and 0.50–12.5 μg/ml for IDB and VDB (r2 = ≥0.998 for all of the analytes). Validation results met the acceptance criteria. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
A highly sensitive GC–MS method for simultaneous determination of anacardic acids in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell oil in the presence of other phenolic lipid derivatives
Authors: Osman Samir M. , Abdel‐Megied Ahmed M. , Zain Eldain Mohammed H. , Haleema Simimole , Gopinath Chithra , Sumalekshmy Sarojini Amma , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe commercial value of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) has become a cornerstone of the agrowaste industry. It is the by‐product of the cashew industry and has an 1/8 inch thickness of soft honeycomb structure. CNSL contains phenolic lipids with aliphatic chains such as anacardic acid, cardanol, cardol and methyl cardol, and their derivatives. The developed GC–MS method is rapid, accurate and selective using a selected derivatizing reagent, namely N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)‐trifluoroacetamide that was previously diluted 1:1% with anhydrous pyridine. The proposed GC–MS method was applied for the analysis of different CNSL samples. The results showed that all classes of CNSL compounds were detected. The four alkyl phenols were detected with their different alkyl sidechains without any interference. This method is also specified for the detection of fatty acids of saturated and unsaturated chains. Silylation did not cause any alteration in the chemical structure of CNSL compounds regardless of esterification action. Silylation is considered a safe derivatizing agent compatible with GC chromatography and specific for all volatile and nonvolatile polar and nonpolar CNSL compounds that could be detected in CNSL samples.
Preparation of an anti‐isoprocarb monoclonal antibody and its application in developing an immunochromatographic strip assay
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Liu Liqiang , Cui Gang , Song Shanshan , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, a carboxyl group was introduced into the isoprocarb molecule to obtain an isoprocarb hapten, which was then coupled with a protein to obtain an artificial antigen. Three monoclonal antibody cell lines, 1D11, 6E6 and 1B5, were finally obtained by mouse immunization, cell fusion and subcloning, and the antibody produced by cell line 1B5 had the best affinity and sensitivity. The monoclonal antibody was highly sensitive and specific for isoprocarb, with an IC50 of 2.09 ng/ml and a cross‐reactivity rate of <0.21%. By optimizing the indirect competitive (ic)‐ELISA, the optimal conditions were determined to be pH 7.4, 0% methanol and 0.8% NaCl, the limit of detection value was 0.23 ng/ml, and the linear range of the ic‐ELISA was 0.46–9.62 ng/ml. The recovery rate of the isoprocarb cucumber sample was 97–99% for the ic‐ELISA method. In addition, we successfully developed an immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of isoprocarb residues. The cutoff values in phosphate‐buffered saline and cucumber extract were 10 and 25 ng/ml, respectively. Both methods met the requirements for isoprocarb residue detection in agricultural products, and can be used for semiquantitative and qualitative analysis of isoprocarb in vegetables.
Validated LC–ESI–MS/MS method for the determination of tunicamycin in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Gabani Bhavesh Babulal , Sulochana Suresh P. , Kiran Vinay , Todmal Umesh , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of tunicamycin in rat plasma as per regulatory guideline. Chromatography of tunicamycin and the IS in the processed plasma samples was achieved on an X‐Terra phenyl column using a binary gradient (mobile phase A, acetonitrile and mobile phase B, 5 mm ammonium formate) elution at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. LC–MS/MS was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the electrospray ionization technique in positive ion mode and the transitions of m/z 817.18 → 596.10, 831.43 → 610.10, 845.29 → 624.10, 859.23 → 638.10 and 309.24 → 163.20 were used to quantitate homologs A–D and the IS, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 4.5 min. The correlation coefficient (r2) was >0.99 for all homologs with accuracy 90.7–107.4% and precision 0.74–15.1%. The recovery of homologs was 78.6–90.2%. No carryover was observed and the matrix effect was minimal. Tunicamycin four homologs were found to be stable on the bench‐top for 6 h, for up to three freeze–thaw cycles, in the injector for 24 h and for 1 month at −80°C. The applicability of the validated method has been demonstrated in a rat pharmacokinetic study.
Pharmacokinetic profile of ivabradine hemisulfate sustained‐release tablets administered in Chinese healthy volunteers: An open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, three‐period crossover study
Authors: Xu Xin , Wei Yilin , Ji Wei , Yang Shaomei , Wen Qing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of three single oral doses (5, 10 and 15 mg) of ivabradine hemisulfate sustained‐release tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. A total of 12 volunteers (six males and six females) were randomized to receive a single oral dose of ivabradine hemisulfate sustained‐release tablets 5, 10 or 15 mg, with a 1‐week washout between periods. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals from 0 to 48 h after drug administration, and the concentrations of ivabradine and N‐desmethyl ivabradine were determined by HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non‐compartmental analysis. After administering single doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg, the mean maximum concentration (Cmax) levels of ivabradine were 4.36, 7.29 and 12.62 ng/mL, and the mean area under the curve from time 0 to 48 h (AUC0–48) values were 55.66, 101.16 and 182.09 h·ng/mL, respectively. The mean Cmax levels of N‐desmethyl ivabradine were 1.05, 2.03 and 3.16 ng/mL, and the mean AUC0–48 values were 20.61, 39.44 and 65.72 h·ng/mL, respectively. The median time of maximum concentration (Tmax) levels of ivabradine and N‐desmethyl ivabradine were 5 h for all three doses tested. The pharmacokinetic properties of ivabradine hemisulfate sustained‐release tablets were linear at doses from 5 to 15 mg. Ivabradine hemisulfate sustained‐release tablet appears to be well tolerated in these healthy volunteers.
A device for the efficient detection of wheat seeds with waxy endosperm
Authors: Morris Craig F. , Kiszonas Alecia M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe development of wheat cultivars with “full waxy” grain, which lacks functional granule‐bound starch synthase genes, has zero starch amylose, and possesses unique processing properties, is highly desirable. Identification of full waxy kernels can be accomplished using differential iodine staining of starch.FindingsEndosperm starch can be easily accessed for iodine staining by cutting kernels transversely to the long axis. However, cutting by hand is slow, labor intensive and includes some safety risk. The device described herein provides for the efficient cutting of up to 48 wheat kernels simultaneously without the need for razor blades, knives, etc. The device is designed to accommodate a standard 96‐well microtiter plate to increase further the efficiency of waxy kernel detection and selection.ConclusionsThe device is especially useful for detecting full waxy progeny from waxy by wild‐type crosses wherein full waxy progeny segregate in a 1:63 ratio. The device is particularly useful for developing waxy cultivars via backcross breeding. Embryo halves associated with individual distal “brush” ends that stain positive for full waxy are retained and can be saved for propagation.Significance and noveltyWaxy wheat is a novel and unique raw material. Breeding new waxy cultivars requires crossing with parents that likely are not waxy. Consequently, a safe and efficient means of detecting waxy progeny are needed. The present device fulfills this need.
Variceal bleeding due to idiopathic portal vein thrombosis in a 15‐year‐old boy
Authors: Dilber Dario , Habek Dubravko , Hrgović Zlatko , Čerkez Habek Jasna , Gradišer Marina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPortal vein thrombosis is an important cause of portal hypertension in the pediatric population. It is a rare and potentially fatal condition with diverse underlying pathology. A successfully managed case, without an identified etiology, is reported herein.