bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Planarization‐Epitaxial Growth Enables Uniform 2D/3D Heterojunctions for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules
Authors: Lin Dongxu , Fang Jun , Li Sibo , Zhan Zhenye , Li Huan , Wang Xin , Xie Guanshui , Wang Daozeng , Huang Nuanshan , Peng Haichen , Xie Weiguang , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing , Qiu Longbin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional/three‐dimensional (2D/3D) halide perovskite heterojunctions are widely used to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. However, interfacial defects between the 2D and 3D perovskites and the poor coverage of the 2D capping layer still hinder long‐term stability and homogeneous charge extraction. Herein, a surface planarization strategy on 3D perovskite is developed that enables an epitaxial growth of uniform 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction via a vapor‐assisted process. The homogeneous charge extraction and suppression of interfacial nonradiative recombination is achieved by forming a uniform 2D/3D interface. As a result, a stabilized power output efficiency of 25.97% is achieved by using a 3D perovskite composition with a bandgap of 1.55 eV. To demonstrate the universality of the strategy applied for different perovskites, the champion device based on a 1.57 eV bandgap 3D perovskite results in an efficiency of 25.31% with a record fill factor of 87.6%. Additionally, perovskite solar modules achieve a designated area (24.04 cm2) certified efficiency of 20.75% with a high fill factor of 80.0%. Importantly, the encapsulated uniform 2D/3D modules retain 96.9% of the initial efficiency after 1246 h operational tracking under 65 °C (ISOS‐L‐3 protocol) and 91.1% after 862 h under the ISOS‐O‐1 protocol.
Recognition of a Fungal Effector Potentiates Pathogen‐Associated Molecular Pattern‐Triggered Immunity in Cotton
Authors: Sun Lifan , Li Xiangguo , Zhong Jiajie , Wang Yu , Li Baiyang , Ye Ziqin , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlants are equipped with multi‐layered immune systems that recognize pathogen‐derived elicitors to activate immunity. Verticillium dahliae is a soil‐borne fungus that infects a broad range of plants and causes devastating wilt disease. The mechanisms underlying immune recognition between plants and V. dahliae remain elusive. Here, a V. dahliae secretory protein, elicitor of plant defense gene (VdEPD1), acts as an elicitor that triggers defense responses in both Nicotiana benthamiana and cotton plants is identified. Targeted gene deletion of VdEPD1 enhances V. dahliae virulence in plants. Expression of VdEPD1 triggers the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of cell death in cotton plants. Gossypium barbadense EPD1‐interacting receptor‐like cytoplasmic kinase (GbEIR5A) and GbEIR5D interact with VdEPD1. Silencing of GbEIR5A/D significantly impairs VdEPD1‐triggered cell death in cotton plants, indicating the contribution of GbEIR5A/D to VdEPD1‐activated effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). VdEPD1 stimulates the expression of GbEIR5A and GbEIR5D in cotton plants. Interestingly, cotton plants with silenced GbEIR5A/D genes exhibit compromised pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)‐triggered ROS accumulation, whereas overexpression of GbEIR5A or GbEIR5D enhances PAMP‐induced ROS. These findings indicate that recognition of VdEPD1 potentiates GbEIRs to enhance cotton PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI), uncovering a cooperative interplay of PTI and ETI in cotton.
Controlling the Thermoelectric Performance of Doped Naphthobisthiadiazole‐Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers through Backbone Engineering
Authors: Ding Jian‐Fa , Yamanaka Kodai , Hong Shao‐Huan , Chen Guan‐Lin , Wu Wei‐Ni , Lin Jhih‐Min , Tung Shih‐Huang , Osaka Itaru , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates backbone engineering and evaluates the thermoelectric properties of FeCl3‐doped naphthobisthiadiazole (NTz)‐based donor–acceptor (D‐A) conjugated polymer films. The NTz acceptor unit is coupled with three distinct donor units, namely dialkylated terthiophene (3T), dialkylated quaterthiophene (4T), and dialkylated bisthienyl thienothiophene (2T‐TT) to yield copolymers designated as PNTz3T, PNTz4T, and PNTzTT. The difference in donor units leads to diverse molecule stacking and electronic properties, which can be systematically discovered via the three polymers. The linear structure of PNTz4T enables an orderly arrangement of side chains, thereby promoting dopant intercalation for enhanced carrier concentration. Additionally, this linear structure leads to an edge‐on stacking mode, thereby improving the in‐plane carrier mobility. As a result, the doped PNTz4T exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (σ) of 88.3 S cm−1 along with a Seebeck coefficient (S) of 62.2 µV K−1, thereby achieving the highest power factor (PF) of 34.2 µW m−1 K−2. These results highlight the relationship between the molecular design, microstructure, and doping effects in manipulating the thermoelectric performance of doped NTz‐based D‐A polymers.
Revisiting Linear Enamel Hypoplasia in Cayo Santiago Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): How a Stress Marker Relates to Environment and Maternal Lineage in a Rare Rhesus Colony With Known Life History
Authors: Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Watson Julianna , Samuel Liya , Showalter Emma , Lerner Finn , Dixon Emilie , Kensler Terry B. , Francis George , Maldonado Elizabeth , Kohn Luci A. P. , Zhao Martin Q. , Wang Qian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLinear enamel hypoplasias (LEHs) are development defects appearing as lines or grooves on enamel surfaces. Forming when physiological stressors disrupt developing teeth, LEHs provide retrospective insight into stress experienced in early development. Here, LEHs in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were observed with respect to decade of birth, whether an individual was transferred from the free‐ranging colony to the captive facility during probable crown formation periods, and matriline of birth. It was hypothesized that later decades would exhibit higher prevalence than earlier decades as climatic conditions in Puerto Rico worsened over time. Transfer was expected to affect LEH formation because the process of transfer, and subsequent restriction to captivity, is thought to be stressful. Matriline membership was hypothesized to relate to LEH formation because there is some evidence of a genetic influence on susceptibility to form LEH and because offspring of matrilines of different dominance ranks are known to experience different levels of aggression. Lower third premolars with minimal enamel surface wear were scored for LEH using a digital microscope, while a follow‐up analysis of the two matrilines with the most extreme differences in LEH frequency was conducted using enamel surface profiles. Results were: (1) individuals born during the 1990s had significantly greater LEH prevalence than those born in the 1960s, (2) transferred individuals exhibited weak evidence of greater LEH prevalence than nontransferred comparison groups, and (3) matrilines did not differ in LEH expression in the initial or follow‐up analysis. Although sample sizes were small for some comparisons, these results suggest that not all decades saw an equal prevalence of LEH, that there might be a small effect of transfer from free‐ranging to captive conditions on LEH prevalence that is difficult to detect, and that the matriline into which an individual is born is not related to LEH expression.
Establishment and Validation of Fecal Secretory Immunoglobulin A Measurement for Intestinal Mucosal Health Assessment in Wild Lemurs
Authors: Pethig Leonie , Behringer Verena , Kappeler Peter M. , Fichtel Claudia , Heistermann Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe measurement of biomarkers in blood and excreta can enable immune status assessment and provide prognostic information on individual health outcomes. In this respect, the fecal measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), the primary mammalian antibody for mucosal defense, has recently received increased interest in a few anthropoid primates, but a fecal sIgA assay for use in strepsirrhine primates has not yet been reported. Here, we develop and analytically validate a cost‐effective in‐house sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the extraction and measurement of sIgA in feces of redfronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons). We also tested a simple method for sIgA extraction that can be used under remote field conditions and undertook experiments to assess the robustness of sIgA concentrations to variation in processing and storage conditions of fecal extracts. Our analytical validation revealed that the assay recognizes immunoreactive sIgA in redfronted lemur feces, that sIgA can be measured accurately with no potential interference from the fecal matrix, and that assay reagents and performance are highly stable over time. The field‐friendly extraction procedure produced sIgA results strongly correlated with those generated by a standard laboratory extraction method. Short‐term storage at room temperature resulted in a slight decline in sIgA concentrations, whereas freezing extracts at −20°C kept sIgA levels stable for at least 3 months. Longer‐term storage of >5 months, however, led to a significant decline of sIgA concentrations. Multiple freeze‐thaw cycles did not affect sIgA levels. This study, therefore, provides the basis for measuring fecal sIgA in lemurs and possibly other strepsirrhines. When samples are processed properly and stored frozen, and when sIgA analysis can be performed within 3 months upon sample collection, fecal sIgA measurements can become a valuable tool for monitoring aspects of immunity and health in both zoo‐housed and wild‐living lemurs.
Controllable Quantum Entanglement and One‐Way Steering in a Dual‐Cavity‐Magnon System
Authors: Zuo Chun‐Yu , Qian Rui‐Hao , Wu Wen‐Bin , Tao Yu , Xu Ye‐Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quantum entanglement and the one‐way quantum steering in cavity magnonic system composed of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere and two microwave cavities, one of which is driven by a two‐photon drive field, are studied. Bipartite entanglement, tripartite entanglement, and steering can be achieved under the four‐wave mixing process. It is shown that the degree of entanglement and the direction of one‐way steering can be manipulated not only by designing the dissipation ratio between the two cavity modes but also by regulating the coherent coupling strength ratio between the two cavity modes and the magnon mode. It is found that the direction of steering is associated with the populations of the two cavity modes, meaning that the mode with a greater population always dominates the steering direction. Especially, the transfer between cavity–magnon entanglement and cavity–cavity entanglement can be realized by adjusting the coupling strengths. The findings provide a practical method for coherently manipulating entanglement and one‐way steering in cavity–magnon system.
The E‐volution in swine nutrition: Current perspectives on vitamin E
Authors: Shastak Yauheni , Pelletier Wolf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review provides an in‐depth analysis of vitamin E's multifaceted role in swine nutrition, incorporating both traditional insights and contemporary research. It begins with an exploration of vitamin E from an evolutionary perspective, followed by a detailed examination of its absorption, metabolism, and excretion in swine. The review emphasizes the micronutrient's critical functions in swine physiology, particularly its antioxidant properties and its emerging links to epigenetics, which include deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, histone modification, and noncoding ribonucleic acid regulation. The interactions of vitamin E with other dietary components are discussed, along with established nutritional requirements and current recommendations for supplementation. Additionally, the health benefits and performance improvements associated with vitamin E are presented, emphasizing its importance in immune function, growth, and meat quality. Despite extensive research, the review identifies gaps in understanding the bioavailability and long‐term impacts of different vitamin E isoforms and supra‐nutritional supplementation levels. It concludes with a discussion of research gaps and future directions, particularly the need for studies on the long‐term effects of high‐dose vitamin E supplementation and the influence of environmental factors on its metabolism. Through this comprehensive synthesis, this study aims to provide a holistic understanding of vitamin E's essential contributions to swine health and nutrition, with the goal of informing better dietary practices and enhancing swine productivity.
Silver‐Mediated Allylation of Aryl Alkenes to Synthesize 1,4‐Dienes
Authors: Wang Dantong , Wu Jiawen , Du Wenqian , Zhao Fen , Xia Zhonghua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn efficient silver‐mediated allylation of aryl alkenes is described, which provides a variety of skipped 1,4‐dienes. Without the need for other traditional transition metals or gold, this AgOTf‐mediated allylation proceeds smoothly with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Mechanistic and computational studies suggest that this silver‐mediated allylation takes place via a Friedel−Crafts‐type pathway of aryl alkenes to the silver‐activated allyl acetates.
The lasting influence of an open climate of classroom discussion on political trust: Results from a seven‐year panel study among English youth
Authors: Sun Ruoxi , Janmaat Jan Germen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of various educational conditions, including educational tracking, aspirations and aspects of citizenship education, on the development of political trust among English youth, and assesses whether these effects last into early adulthood. Data from the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study show a tendency of distrust towards political institutions among English youth, with a fluctuating but overall downward trend in political trust as they grow older. Drawing on this dataset, we built hierarchical linear regression models to examine the effects of educational conditions on political trust during two major transitions experienced by English youth: from lower to upper secondary (or into work) and from upper secondary to university. As a participatory form of practicing citizenship education, open classroom climate in mid‐adolescence has a positive and enduring effect on young people's political trust. The citizenship education curriculum – such as its volume and content—shows little impact, suggesting that free expression and democratic engagement in the classroom are more effective in shaping young people's political trust than simply acquiring political knowledge. Political trust is volatile during adolescence and into early adulthood, as later real‐life experiences possibly lead to a more comprehensive and realistic sense of political trust.
A Remedy for Crime? A Systematic Review on the Effects of Pharmacological ADHD Treatment on Criminal Recidivism and Rehabilitation in Inmates With ADHD
Authors: Carlander A. , Rydell M. , Kataoka H. , Hildebrand Karlén M. , Lindqvist Bagge A.‐S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a high prevalence of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prison populations compared to the general population, and ADHD has also been shown to be associated with criminality and antisocial behavior. This systematic review examines the effect of pharmacological ADHD treatment on criminal recidivism, ADHD symptoms, and rehabilitation in inmates with ADHD.MethodsAdhering to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR guidelines, we conducted a structured search on September 6, 2023 using PubMed. We focused on original research published in peer‐reviewed scientific journals, following the IMRaD format, written in English, containing the established search terms, based on participants who met the criteria for ADHD diagnosis (any edition of DSM), and who were incarcerated at the start of pharmacological treatment for ADHD. The primary outcome was criminal recidivism, the secondary outcomes were ADHD symptoms, and rehabilitation‐related factors such as global function, norm‐breaking/antisocial behavior, adaptation to society/institutional behavior, cognitive function, and well‐being.ResultsFive studies, based on three patient cohorts, were included in this systematic review. Surprisingly, only one study investigated criminal recidivism. That study indicated that self‐reported criminal recidivism was lower than expected among inmates who had received pharmacological ADHD treatment. The five studies showed varying results in the effectiveness of pharmacological ADHD treatment on ADHD symptoms and other rehabilitation‐related factors. The included studies also varied regarding participant characteristics, study design, dosage, adherence to treatment, treatment regimes, and measured outcomes. All studies reported using osmotic‐release oral system (OROS) methylphenidate as their drug of choice.ConclusionWe conclude that there is limited empirical evidence to support the efficacy of pharmacological ADHD treatment on criminal recidivism in inmates diagnosed with ADHD. Still, evidence suggests that these treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms and enhance rehabilitation outcomes, which may, in turn, lower the rate of reoffending. We point to the need for more targeted research in this area.
Associations of Dietary Intake of Vitamin B6 and Plasma Pyridoxal 5′‐Phosphate Level With Depression in US Adults: Findings From NHANES 2005–2010
Authors: Lu Jinhong , Mao Huina , Tan Yulei , Luo Guizhi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence regarding the associations of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk is scarce. Accordingly, we investigated the aforementioned associations in US adults.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study that included data from two independent samples of 12,716 and 11,967 individuals (aged ≥ 20 years) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. The associations of the pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate level in plasma and dietary intake of vitamin B6 with depression risk were examined through multivariable logistic regression. In addition, we determined dose–response associations by fitting restricted cubic splines to the data.ResultsIn the multivariable model, the highest quarter of dietary intake of vitamin B6 was associated with a significantly lower risk of depression compared to the lowest quarter (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.79, p < 0.001). Similarly, the highest quartile of plasma PLP levels was linked to a reduced risk of depression compared to the lowest quartile (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.93, p < 0.01). With increasing quartiles of dietary intake of vitamin B6 and plasma PLP levels, the risk of depression also decreased accordingly (all p for trend < 0.01). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that for every 1‐SD increase in the level of plasma lutein + zeaxanthin and dietary intake of vitamin B6, the risk of depression showed a decreasing trend (all p < 0.01). The interaction test results indicated that the dietary consumption of vitamin B6 did not significantly interact with any of the stratification factors (all p for interaction > 0.05). Moreover, no significant interaction was found between the amount of plasma PLP and any hierarchical factors (all p for interaction > 0.05), except for gender‐based subgroup analysis (p for interaction > 0.05). The dose‐response relationship results showed a linear decrease trend in the relationship between dietary vitamin B6 intake and plasma pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate with the risk of depression.ConclusionsPlasma PLP levels and dietary vitamin B6 intake in the highest quartiles are associated with a lower risk of depression. These findings support the promotion of a balanced diet rich in vitamin B6. However, future randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the effects of vitamin B6 supplementation on depression risk. We should aim for a healthy and balanced diet in terms of nutritional supplementation.
Effect of silver salt type on the physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of solid‐state Ag‐exchanged zeolites
Authors: Faryad Sajad , Ghorbanpour Mohammad , Safajou‐Jahankhanemlou Majid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe silver‐exchanged zeolites were created using a solid‐state ion exchange method with silver sulfate and silver nitrate salts. Various techniques, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, were employed to examine the structure, morphology, and physical‐chemical properties of the samples. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the zeolites was tested against gram‐negative Escherichia coli and gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, common bacteria found in wastewater. Before the silver exchange, the original zeolite exhibited small clustered particles, but after the exchange, its shape underwent significant transformation. The original clinoptilolite did not contain any silver, whereas the silver‐exchanged samples AgSSE6% and AgNSE6% had silver contents of 2.29% and 3.80%, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Ag and AgO within the structure of the exchanged clinoptilolite. BET analysis indicated that the incorporation of Ag ions into the zeolite structure through ion exchange led to a reduction in surface area and micropores volume. The research findings revealed that zeolites exchanged with silver were more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, compared to E. coli. Additionally, zeolites treated with AgSO4 exhibited a wider inhibition zone against both bacteria compared to zeolites treated with AgNO3.
Open Sn Framework Structure Hosting Bi Guest atoms–Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of Na13Sn26Bi
Authors: Zeitz S. , Boyko M. , Ponou S. , Hlukhyy V. , Fässler T. F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe large variety of structures of Zintl phases are generally well understood since their anionic substructures follow bonding rules according to the valence concept. But there are also exceptions, which make the semiconductors especially interesting in terms of structure‐property relationships. Although several Na‐Sn‐Pnictides with a variety of structural motives are known, up to this point no ternary compound in the Na‐Sn‐Bi system has been described. In this paper we present the Zintl‐phase Na13Sn25.73Bi1.27 comprising a complex, open‐framework structure of Sn atoms, with one mixed Sn/Bi site, hosting Na atoms. An additional Bi atom is loosely connected with only weak contacts to the framework filling a larger cavity within the network. According to band structure calculations of the two ordered variants with either full occupation of the mixed site with Sn or Bi, resulting in Na13Sn26Bi and Na13Sn24Bi3, respectively, both compounds are semiconductors with band gaps of 0.5 eV. A comparison of the band structures with the structurally related binary compounds Na5Sn13 and Na7Sn12 shows that only the perfectly charge balanced Na7Sn12 is a semiconductor whereas Na5Sn13 is metallic. The rather specific electronic situation in the ternary compound is traced back to the loosely bound Bi atom, which acts as a guest atom according to Bix@Na13Sn26‐yBiy, with x=1 and y=0.27, capable to change its oxidation state and thus to uptake additional electrons allowing the system to be a semiconductor. Therefore, Na13Sn25.73Bi1.27 can be understood as a rare example of an open framework structure of Sn atoms comprising Bi atoms in the cavities.