bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight changes and patterns of weight measurements in hospitalized burn patients: a contemporary analysis
Authors: Mendez-Romero Denisse , Clark Audra T , Christie Alana , Wolf Steven E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Severe burn is associated with significant changes in body weight due to resuscitation volumes, fluid shifts, a hypermetabolic state, prolonged bed rest, and caloric intake. Our goal was to quantify and describe trends in weight change in patients with burns of all severities under modern treatment conditions and to identify the time points at which these changes occur.

Methods
An institutional review board-approved chart review was conducted of acute burn patients treated at an American Burn Association-verified regional burn center from February 2016 to November 2016. Patients were then divided into three groups based on percent of total burn surface area (%TBSA) burn: 1–19%, 20–39%, and ≥ 40%. Weight was expressed as percent change of weight from baseline. Regression analysis was conducted on percent weight changes for each TBSA group.

Results
We identified 197 burn patients with a length of stay (LOS) of ≥ 7 days. Of the study cohort, 149 had TBSA burn of 1–19%, 27 had TBSA burn of 20–39%, and 21 had TBSA burn of ≥ 40%. All groups had a majority of White male, non-Hispanic patients with mean ages between 40 and 42 years. Burn patients with &gt; 20% TBSA burn had a median increase in weight above baseline of approximately 5 to 8% likely due to resuscitation fluids within the first week of hospitalization. Weight loss below baseline often did not exceed 10% and was more pronounced as LOS increased, mostly in patients with &gt; 20% TBSA burn. Whereas patients with 1–19% TBSA burn on average returned to baseline weight at last measurement, patients with 20–39% TBSA and ≥ 40% TBSA burn continued a decline in weight at 4 weeks (r2 = 0.57 and 0.55, respectively) on the same trajectory.

Conclusions
Burn patients with &gt; 20% TBSA burn had an increase in weight above baseline of up to 8%, likely due to resuscitation fluids within the first week of hospitalization. Weight loss below baseline often did not exceed 10% and was more pronounced as LOS increased, mostly in patients with &gt; 20% TBSA burn. Therefore, our patients on average, lost body weight to a lesser extent than the maximum mean loss of 22% of pre-burn weight reported prior to modern treatment conditions.
Dendritic cell-expressed common gamma-chain recruits IL-15 for trans-presentation at the murine immunological synapse
Authors: Beilin Chiara , Choudhuri Kaushik , Bouma Gerben , Malinova Dessislava , Llodra Jaime , Stokes David L. , Shimaoka Motumu , Springer Timothy A. , Dustin Michael L. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Burns Siobhan O. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Mutations of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (γc) cause Severe Combined Immunodeficiency characterized by absent T and NK cell development. Although stem cell therapy restores these lineages, residual immune defects are observed that may result from selective persistence of γc-deficiency in myeloid lineages. However, little is known about the contribution of myeloid-expressed γc to protective immune responses. Here we examine the importance of γc for myeloid dendritic cell (DC) function.Methods:We utilize a combination ofin vitroDC/T-cell co-culture assays and a novel lipid bilayer system mimicking the T cell surface to delineate the role of DC-expressed γc during DC/T-cell interaction.Results:We observed that γc in DC was recruited to the contact interface following MHCII ligation, and promoted IL-15Rα colocalization with engaged MHCII. Unexpectedly, trans-presentation of IL-15 was required for optimal CD4+T cell activation by DC and depended on DC γc expression. Neither recruitment of IL-15Rα nor IL-15 trans-signaling at the DC immune synapse (IS), required γc signaling in DC, suggesting that γc facilitates IL-15 transpresentation through induced intermolecularcisassociations or cytoskeletal reorganization following MHCII ligation.Conclusions:These findings show that DC-expressed γc is required for effective antigen-induced CD4+ T cell activation. We reveal a novel mechanism for recruitment of DC IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes to the IS, leading to CD4+ T cell costimulation through localized IL-15 transpresentation that is coordinated with antigen-recognition.
Probing Plasmodium falciparum sexual commitment at the single-cell level
Authors: Brancucci Nicolas M.B. , De Niz Mariana , Straub Timothy J. , Ravel Deepali , Sollelis Lauriane , Birren Bruce W. , Voss Till S. , Neafsey Daniel E. , Marti Matthias 
Published: October 2018

Background: Malaria parasites go through major transitions during their complex life cycle, yet the underlying differentiation pathways remain obscure. Here we apply single cell transcriptomics to unravel the program inducing sexual differentiation in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasites have to make this essential life-cycle decision in preparation for human-to-mosquito transmission. Methods: By combining transcriptional profiling with quantitative imaging and genetics, we defined a transcriptional signature in sexually committed cells. Results: We found this transcriptional signature to be distinct from general changes in parasite metabolism that can be observed in response to commitment-inducing conditions. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study provides a template to capture transcriptional diversity in parasite populations containing complex mixtures of different life-cycle stages and developmental programs, with important implications for our understanding of parasite biology and the ongoing malaria elimination campaign.
A RELIGIOSIDADE COMO ALTERNATIVA TERAPÊUTICA: UMA DISCUSSÃO DE GÊNERO SOBRE O SOFRIMENTO MASCULINO NA BUSCA PELA CURA
Authors: Santos Couto Pablo Luiz , Boa Sorte Elionara Teixeira , Coelho Gomes da Silva Sandra Célia 
Published: October 2018

Resumo: O fenômeno religioso tem sido objeto de estudo socioantropológico, sendo articulado com as teorias de gênero e da sexualidade, para explicar as construções sociais fomentadas pela religião. Os objetivos principais deste artigo foram refletir sobre o sofrimento do homem, na busca pelo milagre de cura e (re)discutir o papel e o comportamento masculino, socialmente construídos, a serem desempenhados na religião. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram: observação participante e a entrevista semiestruturada. O universo de pesquisa foi uma Igreja Evangélica e os participantes foram 23 homens, membros da igreja, que afirmaram ter obtido a cura milagrosa. Fica posto que, em meio às relações de poder estabelecidas na igreja e no lar entre homens e mulheres, os homens mostram o seu lado sensível ao se voltar para o sobrenatural na obtenção da cura milagrosa, desconstruindo parte do que é defendido socialmente como sentimento masculino. Palavras-chaves: Antropologia. Religião. Religiosidade. Gênero.Abstract: The religious phenomenon has been the subject of socio-anthropological study, combined with the theories of gender and sexuality to explain social constructions fostered by religion. The main objectives of this paper were to reflect on human suffering in the search for the miracle of healing and discuss the role and male behavior socially constructed to play in religion. This is a descriptive study and socio-anthropological, with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were participant observation and semi-structured interview. The universe of research was an evangelical church and participants were 23 men, church members, who claimed to have obtained the miracle cure. It is given that, amid the power relations established in the church and in the home for men and women, men show their sensitive side to turn to the supernatural in obtaining the miracle cure, deconstructing part of what is socially defended as male feeling.Keywords: Anthropology. Religion. Religiosity. Gender.
Population dynamics of Arthroschista hilaralis pest and its parasitoid diversity in various jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cropping patterns in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: UTAMI SRI , TRIWIDODO HERMANU , PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO , RAUF AUNU , HANEDA NOOR FARIKHAH 
Published: October 2018

Utami S, Triwidodo H, Pudjianto, Rauf A, Haneda NF. 2018. Population dynamics of Arthroschista hilaralis pest and its parasitoid diversity in various jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) cropping patterns in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 239-245. Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), a native tree species in Indonesia exhibit natural distribution, spreading over an enormous area in this region. In South Sumatra, jabon has long been cultivated in both communities and industrial plantation forests. Arthroschista hilaralis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the most damaging insect pest of jabon in South Sumatra. This study analyzed the population dynamics of A. hilaralis in jabon monoculture and two agroforestry systems, and assessed the diversity of the pest parasitoids and their parasitism level on A. hilaralis. Our results showed that planting systems, climatic factors, and the presence of parasitoids could significantly affect the population dynamics of A. hilaralis; its mean population density was highest in monocultures plantation during the rainy season compared with population densities in agroforestry systems. Three parasitoids species attacking A. hilaralis were found in these agroforestry systems, including Phanerotoma sp., Apanteles sp. and Brachymeria sp., while only one species (Apanteles sp.) was found in a monoculture. The rate of parasitization of A. hilaralis within agroforestry systems was higher than in monocultures, and the level of larval parasitization by Apanteles sp. in the agroforestry system was higher in instar 1 than in other larval stages.
Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: WIDYASTUTI ANI , YANI EDY , NASUTION ERY KOLYA , ROCHMATINO ROCHMATINO 
Published: October 2018

Widyastuti A, Yani E, Nasution EK, Rochmatino. 2018. Diversity of mangrove vegetation and carbon sink estimation of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 246-252. Mangrove forests are known as standing stores of sequestered atmospheric carbon. The role of mangrove forests in the sequestering substantial amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and storing the carbon in its biomass has been recently underscored. This research aimed to estimate vegetation diversity and carbon sink potential of Segara Anakan Mangrove Forest Cilacap, Central Java from August-December 2012. Vegetations sampling was done by square plots technique. Diversity index was utilized to determine species diversity. Allometric equations were used to estimate biomass and carbon sinks. This study only calculates aboveground biomass and carbon sinks. The research results showed that mangrove in Segara Anakan was composed of 24 species with 19 families, consisting of 16 species of trees, 14 species of saplings and 16 species of herbs. The most dominant tree was Avicennia marina with importance value of 43.62% in Kembang Kuning, 60.27% in Ujung Alang and 25.6% in Klaces. The most dominant of sapling was Avicennia marina, with an important value of 31.1%. The total biomass of a tree is about 43.06 kg/tree or 0.13 ton/ha. Total biomass of sapling was 27.38 kg/tree or 0.32 ton/ha. The carbon sink of the tree was 49.10 ton/ha and carbon sink of sapling was 79.39 ton/ha. It can be concluded that Segara Anakan Mangrove forest is very important as a carbon sink in South part of Central Java, Indonesia.
Role of Micelle-Clay Complexes and Quaternary Amine Cations in Removal of Bacteria from Water: Adsorption, Biostatic, and Biocidal Effects
Authors: Shuali Uri , Nir Shlomo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present report is a review of uses of quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) as free monomers or immobilized in micelle-clay complexes in bacteria removal from water. The removal of bacteria from water by filtration through a bed of a granulated QAC-clay micelle was improved by minute concentrations of QAC that were released from the complex during filtration, which exerted biostatic or biocidal effects on the bacteria that emerged from the filter. The relationships between antibacterial activity (minimum inhibition concentration, MIC; minimum lethal concentration, MLC) and structural parameters of the QACs (head group size and alkyl chain length) are discussed. The antibacterial activity of QACs in aqueous phases is mainly due to the free monomeric species. Bacterial inactivation is enhanced by QACs with longer alkyl chains. In most recorded cases, however, minimum MIC and MLC values occurred at n = 14–16 and mostly at n = 16, where n is the number of C atoms in the alkyl chain. This outcome is explained by the combination of two antagonistic effects: (i) An increase in alkyl chain length (i.e., QAC hydrophobicity) enhances QAC binding, penetration, and destabilization of bacterial membranes; and (ii) an increase in alkyl chain length lowers the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of QACs and, thus, reduces QAC monomer concentrations, which more efficiently inactivate bacteria than the micelles. The octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA, n = 18) MLC value (0.25 μm) for the cyanobacterium genus Aphanizomenon is significantly lower than the CMC (300 mm) value. Hence, a test to determine the minimum MLC value at n = 16 is of interest. Removal of bacteria from water by filtration is expected to be made more efficient by small increases in the ODTMA/clay ratio in the complex, which will act to increase the concentrations of ODTMA cations released during filtration.
Study of Defluoridation of Water Using Natural Clay Minerals
Authors: Ben Amor T. , Kassem M. , Hajjaji W. , Jamoussi F. , Ben Amor M. , Hafiane A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFluoride is an essential component in the mineralization of bones and in the formation of dental enamel. Excessive intake may result, however, in teeth mottling and dental and skeletal fluorosis. With an average fluoride concentration of ~2.4 mg L−1 in Tunisian drinking water, the present study focused on promoting low-cost materials for removal of excess fluoride. Two Tunisian raw clays were used as adsorbents in a batch process to eliminate excess fluoride ions from drinking water and, thus, avoid fluorosis phenomena. Physicochemical characterization and chemical analysis of the raw clays were carried out using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and the BET method. For fluoride removal, the effects of contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH were evaluated. The optimum defluoridation capacity was at 30 min of contact time, 20 g/L of clay dose, and at pH = 3. The kaolinite tested removed more fluoride than smectite. The selected clay was used successfully to remove fluoride from contaminated water with high concentrations of foreign ions that exceeded the potability limits. Adsorption isotherms revealed that the data fitted well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, thus confirming both monolayer and multilayer adsorption.
Removal of Phosphate by Ivory Coast Shale in a Homogeneous Reactor and Under Hydrodynamic Conditions: Influence of Soluble Species
Authors: Kpannieu D. E. , Ruby C. , Coulibaly L. , Abdelmoula M. , Mallet M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDeveloping low cost and effective phosphate adsorbents is crucial to prevent eutrophication of natural waters. Here, phosphate removal by a natural and abundant shale from the Ivory Coast was investigated in both batch and column experiments with special attention devoted to understand the adsorption process. Batch experiments were carried out to assess the influence of initial phosphate concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on phosphate removal. The phosphate removal efficiency increased with increased shale dosage while phosphate uptake decreased. Aqueous Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe species concentrations decreased in the presence of phosphate. Additionally, phosphate uptake strongly decreased with pH increases in the range 2–11, but then increased at pH 12. The kinetics were well described using a pseudo-second order model, and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used for the equilibrium surface reactions. Adsorption to nanoparticles of goethite was hypothesized to be the major phosphate removal mechanism in the pH range 4–10. Column experiments with a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 and an initial phosphate concentration of 25 mg L−1 showed a breakthrough point at a V/Vp value of ~17, where Vis the volume of phosphate solution added to the column and Vp is the pore volume. A V/Vp value of ~17 corresponded to a phosphate uptake of 0.17 mg/g, which was in agreement with the batch experiments. Column experiments revealed a strong correlation between the aqueous concentrations of Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe species and phosphate removal and, thus, suggest that phosphate removal by the shale occurred by aqueous dissolution/precipitation.
Determination of the absolute molar mass of acetylated eucalyptus kraft lignin by two types of size-exclusion chromatography combined with multi-angle laser light-scattering detectors
Authors: Wang Linping , Uraki Yasumitsu , Koda Keiichi , Gele Aori , Zhou Xuesong , Chen Fangeng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The molar mass (MM) and polydispersity indices (PDI) of acetylated hardwood kraft lignin (Ac-HWKL) and Ac-HWKL fractions were measured by size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). The detectors worked at LL658 nm and LL785 nm. The MM of Ac-HWKL measured at 785 nm was much smaller than that measured at 658 nm. The number-average (Mn) and weight-average (Mw) molar masses of Ac-HWKL determined at 785 nm were approximately 6.2 and 6.5 times larger, respectively, than the values estimated using a conventional calibration curve created with authentic polystyrene standards in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Based on the Mw of Ac-HWKL fractions, the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation for Ac-HWKL was established to be [η]/ml g−1=0.320 M0.24 in THF and [η]/ml g−1=0.142 M0.26 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). These results demonstrate that Ac-HWKL has a more compact structure in an organic solvent than polystyrene.
Reproducibility of the Evolution of Stride Biomechanics During Exhaustive Runs
Authors: Martens Géraldine , Deflandre Dorian , Schwartz Cédric , Dardenne Nadia , Bury Thierry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRunning biomechanics and its evolution that occurs over intensive trials are widely studied, but few studies have focused on the reproducibility of stride evolution in these runs. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reproducibility of changes in eight biomechanical variables during exhaustive runs, using three-dimensional analysis. Ten male athletes (age: 23 ± 4 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 57.5 ± 4.4 ml02·min-1·kg-1; maximal aerobic speed: 19.3 ± 0.8 km·h-1) performed a maximal treadmill test. Between 3 to 10 days later, they started a series of three time-to-exhaustion trials at 90% of the individual maximal aerobic speed, seven days apart. During these trials eight biomechanical variables were recorded over a 20-s period every 4 min until exhaustion. The evolution of a variable over a trial was represented as the slope of the linear regression of these variables over time. Reproducibility was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients and variability was quantified as standard error of measurement. Changes in five variables (swing duration, stride frequency, step length, centre of gravity vertical and lateral amplitude) showed moderate to good reproducibility (0.48 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.72), while changes in stance duration, reactivity and foot orientation showed poor reproducibility (-0.71 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.04). Fatigue-induced changes in stride biomechanics do not follow a reproducible course across the board; however, several variables do show satisfactory stability: swing duration, stride frequency, step length and centre of gravity shift.
Analysis of Scoring Sequences in Matches of the Portuguese Premier League
Authors: Pratas José M. , Volossovitch Anna , Carita Ana I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the sequences of the first two goals scored in soccer matches in accordance with a range of different match contexts. Data from 1506 matches played in the Portuguese Premier League during six consecutive competitive seasons (2009-10 to 2014-2015) were analysed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test in order to verify the association between variables and a Cox regression analysis was used to predict the time the second goal was scored in function of the time of the first goal scored in the match and the scoreline. The results revealed a higher frequency of the second goals being scored in the second half of a match (58%) and in the last 5 min periods of each half. A positive association was found for home teams and score-doubling goals (58%), as well as for away teams and score-equalizing goals (56%). For home and away teams the score-doubling goal of a match was strongly and positively associated with a win outcome for home (93%) and away teams (92%), while the score-equalizing goals were associated with a draw (home and away teams: 44%) and loss outcome (home: 33% and away teams: 32%). Finally, the Cox model showed that if the first goal was scored in the second half of the match, the probability of the second goal being scored was three times higher compared to the first half.
The Acute Effects of Different Forms of Suspension Push‐Ups on Oxygen Consumption, Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol and Isometric Strength
Authors: Bellar David , Etheredge Cory , Judge Lawrence W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Suspension exercise systems are being used in strength and conditioning facilities, fitness centers, rehabilitation centers and home gyms. Though some evidence exists regarding the impact of training with these systems, more work is needed for a better understanding. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the acute effects of an exercise session with 2 (hands only) and 4 straps (hands and feet) in the push-up exercise compared to a work-matched bench press exercise session. The participants for this repeated measures, cross-over investigation were 18 healthy college-aged males (age: 24.8 ± 3.5 yrs, body mass: 81.8 ± 7.8 kg, body height: 178.9 ± 4.5 cm). The conditions were 6 sets of 10 repetitions of suspension push-ups using two straps (DUAL) for the hands, fours straps (QUAD) for hands and feet and a traditional bench press exercise matched to the average resistance during the suspension push-up. The participants performed all repetitions at a controlled cadence. Expired gases, and heart rate were monitored continuously during the exercise session. Pre and post exercise saliva samples were collected to quantify changes in testosterone and cortisol. Upper body isometric strength tests ( UBIST) were performed (Post, 1 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr) to evaluate changes in force production during recovery. Data analysis via repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant trend for increased oxygen consumption in the QUAD condition compared to the bench press (p = 0.019). Additionally, both suspension conditions resulted in a reduced respiratory exchange ratio as compared to the bench press (p < 0.05). A significant main effect was noted for time in all conditions regarding isometric strength (p < 0.001), but no differences between conditions were revealed. Testosterone and cortisol responses did not differ between conditions. Based upon these data, it appears that when matched for work, suspension exercise results in equivalent reductions in muscle force, but greater oxygen consumption compared to isotonic exercise.