bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Large Aeroplane and Its Limitations
Authors: Ryan A. 
Published: June 2019

The question of whether it is possible to construct very large aeroplanes equal or superior in efficiency to the smaller aeroplanes already in existence is a subject that must be occupying the minds of people connected with aeronautics.The subject has been considered by various aeronautical engineers and scientists in the pages of the ROYAL AËRONAUTICAL JOURNAL and elsewhere.A few of the statements of conclusions arrived at are quoted from the AËRONAUTICAL JOURNAL of 1917 in an appendix.In England there is no doubt that the late Colonel Cody was the pioneer of the large aeroplane, as although his plane would be considered to be of moderate dimensions to-day, yet it was large in relation to its contemporaries.
Fabric and Dope, With Special Reference to Deterioration of Strength and Tautness
Authors: Aston F. W. 
Published: June 2019

The first part of the paper deals with the action of light in deteriorating the strength of doped and undoped linen aeroplane fabric. Sunlight is shown to be the only serious agent. A curve is giver showing the change in rate of loss of strength throughout the year, the effect being very great in summer and practically negligible in winter. A comparison of the weathering properties of German and British material is given. Experiments are described which indicate the loss of strength is due to the action of ozone formed by ultra-violet liglit, the :distribution of the destructive power in the spectrum corresponding very welLwith a photo-electric theory of the formation of ozone proposed F. A. Lindemann. The efhciency of dyes and pigments as protective agents is shown to be excellent, but the latter are to be preferred on account of their effect in improving the tautness given by the dope.The second part of the paper deals with tautness and its measurement, the more important methods are discussed, and a standard one proposed l)y which The tautness can be expressed directly as a tension. A description of the standard frames and the system of rneasurement of tautness at high humidities at presc'nt used at the R.A.E. is given. A theory to account for the tautening effect of dope is suggested.
Some Points in Aeroplane Design
Authors: Barnwell F. S. 
Published: June 2019

It is quite impossible in the scope of a single paper to deal with more than a small part of the vast subject of aeroplane design. What I have attempted, therefore, is to work out a few points which seem worthy of particular attention, and thence to suggest what would appear to be the best practice.It is probable that what I have done has been done already by most people who have been engaged on designing work for the last few years, and probably done more fully and more accurately.
‘Imitation’ in Plato's Republic
Authors: Tate J. 
Published: June 2019

It has become a standing reproach upon Plato's treatment of poetry in the Republic that he forgets or misrepresents in the tenth book what he said in the third.According to the earlier discussion, poetry is required to perform important services in the ideal state; its subject-matter will make the young familiar with true doctrines (376 sqq.); its style will reflect the qualities proper to the character of guardian, and therefore—by the principle of imitation—induce and confirm such qualities in the souls of young and old (392c sqq.). Poetry, like all other forms of art, must train the young to love and resemble the beauty of truth (τῷ καλῷ λόγῳ, 401d), so that when reason develops, they will recognize it as an old friend (402).
Lucan, Statius, and Juvenal in the Early Centuries
Authors: Thomson H. J. 
Published: June 2019

The histories of literature tell us that these three poets were out of favour with scholars during the second and third centuries and the first half of the fourth. Lucan and Statius certainly had a vogue in the first: Suetonius studied Lucan at school (Vita Lucani ‘Poemata eius etiam praelegi memini’), and Statius (Theb. XII. 814–5) can say to his book:‘Iam te magnanimus dignatur noscere CaesarItala iam studio discit memoratque iuuentus.’
The Hymn to Hermes
Authors: Agar T. L. 
Published: June 2019

In my last paper, C.Q., January, 1927, I stated briefly that v. 349 should stand in immediate sequence to v. 351. Few, I think, will refuse assent to this. But more than this may be learnt from the line in its new position:τοῖα πλωρ' ὡς εἔ τις ραισι δρνσ βανοι.
Questions without Answers
Authors: Lobel E. 
Published: June 2019

The appearance of P. Oxy. 2080 makes possible the solution of an old puzzle in the περ συντάξεωσ of Apollonius Dyscolus. Speaking of the inadmissibility of the definite article with λλήλων, Apollonius says (p. 60, Uhlig): κα προϕανέσ στιν κ τσ παρ πσι χρήσεωσ κα το συμπαρεπομένου λόγου. μετ ῥματοσ γρ διαβατικν προσώπων διάθεσιν σημαίνει,λλήλουσ τρώσητε (Od. τ 12)λλήλουσ δ' λήϊσανλλήλωѵ λεείνοντεσ βέλεα στονόεντα (Il. P 374).
The Hymn to Hermes
Authors: Agar T. L. 
Published: June 2019

So far as I am aware no editor and no critic has ever questioned the integrity of the four opening words of 313 as they stand above. So written they are seriously misleading. Let them be arranged as three,αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα ἕκαστα,and we have the sentence as the author of the Hymn surely wrote it (Mosc.), whatever support may be found elsewhere for the article before ἕκαστα.
Ennivs, Ann. 503
Authors: Lindsay W. M. 
Published: June 2019

Charisivs, in his chapter on Adverbs, cites for Hispane (p. 260 of the new edition by Barwick; p. 200 of the old edition by Keil) a line of Ennius' Annals (the number of the book is not stated; see Barwick's note):Hispane, non Romane memoretis loqui me.Professor Norden (Ennius und Vergil, p. 114), the apostle of Combinations-forschung, combines this fact with another fact mentioned by Livy (XXI. 19, 6), the celebre per Hispaniam responsum of a Spanish town to a Roman embassy. But why does he ignore a third fact which must be brought into any combination that can be convincing—the quotation of this line of Ennius by Festus in a paragraph (of the R-chapter) which apparently deals with Graeco-Roman affinities (362, 10) ?
A Caper Quotation in the Liber Glossarvm
Authors: Rees Frances 
Published: June 2019

In Class. Quart. XV. 193 Dr. Mountford discussed a quotation from the Grammarian Caper in the Liber Glossarum (s.v. Lacteus), and referred it to an item culled from Vergil Scholia by the Abstrusa Glossary. Since Keil in his edition of this grammarian (Gram. Lat. VII.) did not know of this glossary evidence to Caper's text, it may be worth mention that another Caper quotation appears in Lib. Gloss., s.v. Kaluus (properly Kalua or Calua). It is taken from the first sentence of p. 100 of Keil's edition, and shows that the words caluaria singulare have dropped out of the three Caper MSS. used by Keil, after plurale est, though they have left a trace in a variant (caluaria for calua) in two of the trio. And it testifies (rightly or wrongly) to the name of the historian who used caluaria ‘a skull.’ Here is the gloss as it stands in the two chief MSS. of the Liber Glossarum:Kaluus:кραѵоѵ uocatur, licet Celio et Varro kaluariam dicant; nam caluariae plurale est, kaluaria singulare.
Candelabrvm Theodosianvm
Authors: Laistner M. L. W. 
Published: June 2019

In a recent article1 mention was made of a MS. (Cod. Vat. Reg. 215) from which Goetz printed selections in Vol. V. (pp. 583–6) of the (Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum, and one of its entries was discussed. This so-called glossary, which, as was indicated in the article in question, appears in reality to be a collection of notes, arranged in alphabetical order, from the lectures delivered by Martin the Irishman at Laon in the middle of the ninth century, is preserved in another MS. now in the British Museum2 (Royal 15 A XVI. foil. 74r sqq.). This MS. was not used by Goetz. On fol. 81 appears the following entry:‘Moechus est adulter alterius t[h]orum furtim polluens; inde a m <o>echo dicitur m[o]echanica ars, ingeniosa atque subtilissima et p<a>ene quomodo facta uel administrata sit inuisibilis in tantum, ut etiam uisum conspicientium quodam modo furetur, dum non facile penetratur eius ingeniositas quali ingenio artis candelabrum illud Theodosianum factum legitur.’
The Text of the Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: Rackham H. 
Published: June 2019

The following emendations, if sound, illustrate the relation between the two chief MSS.(a) Kb shows a gloss that has ousted the true reading, while Lb has a conflation of the two:1097b 14: τ δ αὒταρκες τίθεμεν μονούμενον ἄρκιον κα αἱρετν ποιεῖ τν βον κα μηδενς νδε Lb: αἱρετν κα ἄρκιον Mb (which is better, as it does not divide ἄρκιον from μηδ. ένδ.): Kb has αἱρετν alone. I suspect the true reading to be ἄρκιον alone. On this αἱρετν was a mistaken gloss: it is out of place here, as it belongs to the concept τέλειον which was discussed in §§ 1–5 and to which we return below, ἒτι δ πάντωναἱρετωτάτην μ συναριθμονμένην. The poetic ἄρκιον is used to explain αὔτ-αρκες, and is itself paraphrased κα μηδενς νδε. αύτ is explained by μονούμενον, just as b 9 αὐτῷ was explained by τῷ ντι βίον μονώτην (which shows that μονούμενον goes with βίον, not ὃ).
An Unrecognized Fragment of Hyginus, Fabvlae
Authors: Rose H. J. 
Published: June 2019

That a considerable fragment of the Fabulae of Hyginus—whoever Hyginus may have been and whenever he lived—exists in a Greek translation in the Hermeneumata Leidensia (C.G.L. III., p. 56, 30 sqq.) is well known to all students of his work. Indeed, this extract furnishes the terminus ante quem for Hyginus’ date in its opening words; I cite it as accented and punctuated by Schmidt (p. liv of his edition of the Fabulae, Jena, 1872):Maξμѱ ka “Aπρῳ v´πáτoιs πρò у εἰδν ΣεπTεμβρων ‘Ỵуνoυ уενεaλoуaν πâσιν уνωστν μετуραΨα, ν ὦ ἒσoνται π λεoνɛṣ ἱστoρατ δτερμνευνατ ν τoὑτῳ τῴ βιβλῳ θεν уàρ kα θεáων νματα ν δευτρ ξεπλξαμεν λ’ π τoτ σoνται τoτων ξμуσεισ, ε kα μ πσαι, ττων μντoιуε ν τoστ δναμαι.
Codex Laurentianus Graecus Lxx. 36.
Authors: Rattenbury R. M. 
Published: June 2019

‘Heliodori Aethiopica, sive Fabula … complectens amores castos Theagenis et Chancleae Libris X quorum singuli, quoad initium et finem, cum editione Graeca Basil[iensi] MDXXXIV. 4. collati, cum ipsa penitus consentire comperti sunt.…‘Codex Graecus Chartaceus Ms. in 8 Saec. XV plurimis in locis manu Saec. XVI suppletus. Constat foliis scriptis 211.’
On Some Lines of Plautus and Terence
Authors: Lindsay W. M. 
Published: June 2019

The Placidus Glossary was hailed in Ritschl's time as a new clue to Plautus' true text. And Buecheler, Ritschl's pupil, seized on its Alapari est alapas minari, etc., and foisted this verb on Plaut. True. 928. The great Latin Thesaurus quotes the line with this piece of new cloth put on an old garment:nil alapari satiust, miles,instead of the correctphilippiari satiust, miles.
Virgil's Cvlex
Authors: Lindsay W. M. 
Published: June 2019

May I call the attention of English scholars to a remark by Professor Heinze in his review of Professor Frank's Virgil, a Biography, viz. that the Culex was a favourite present for schoolboys in Martial's time (Mart. 14, 185)?How all the difficulties vanish if we regard it as Virgil's first publication, a mere tale for a schoolboy, written to help young Octavian in the Greek Mythology class-work! A peg on which to hang this memoria technica had been, we may suppose, supplied to Virgil by a recent incident in Octavian's neighbourhood, the wonderful escape of a goatherd from a serpent.
Lex de Actis Cn. Pompeii Confirmandis: Lex Ivlia or Lex Vatinia?
Authors: Pocock L. G. 
Published: June 2019

(1) In Cicero, In Vatinium, § 29, occur the words: ‘ Fecerisne foedera tribunus plebis cum ciuitatibus, cum regibus, cum tetrarchis?’With this are to be compared:(2)Ad Fam. I. 9, 7:‘In quo omnia dicta sunt libertate animoque maximo de ui, de auspiciis, de donatione regnorum.’(3)Att. II. 9, I:‘Irnprobitate istorum, qui auspicia, qui Aeliam legem, qui Iuniam et Liciniam, qui Caeciliam et Didiam neglexerunt … qui regna quasi praedia tetrarchis … dederunt.’
Cicero, Cato Maior II. 4.
Authors: Nutting H. C. 
Published: June 2019

Deinde qui minus grauis esset iis senectus, si octingentesimum annum agerent quam [si] octogesimum ?This sentence has to do with people who complain that the evils of old age have come upon them all too soon. Cicero rejoins that they would be of exactly the same mind, even though they had a life ten times as long to look back upon.
The Boy, the Grapes, and the Foxes
Authors: Campbell A. Y. 
Published: June 2019

τυτθòν δ' ὅσσονἄπωθεν ἁλιτπὐτοιο γέροντοςγενναίαις σταφυλαîσι καλòν βέβριθενἀλωάτὰν ὀλίγος τις κῶρος ἐφ' αἱμασιαîσι φυλάσσειἣμενοσ' ἀμφ· δέ νιν δύ' ἀλώπεκες ἃ μὲν ἀν' ὂρχωςφοιτῆ σινομένα τὰν τρώξιμον, ἂ δ' ἐπὶ πήρᾳπάντα δóλον τεύχοισα τò παιδίον οὐ πρὶν ἀνησεῖνφατὶ πρὶν ἀρίστοισιν ἐπὶ ξηροῖσι καθίξη.αὐτὰρ ὃ γ' ἀνθερίκοισι καλὰν πλέκει ἀκριδοθήρανσχοίνϕ ἐφαρμóσδων· μέλεται δέ ο· οὒτε τι πήραςοὒτε φυτῶν τοσσῆνον, ὅσον περὶ πλέγματι γαθεῖ.
The Epigram on Pindar's Death
Authors: Rose H. J. 
Published: June 2019

There is an epigram preserved in two lives of Pindar, that in the scholia Ambrosiana and the rambling biography of the poet by Eustathios. It is perhaps most conveniently accessible in von Christ's larger edition of Pindar, pp. ci and cii, and runs as follows:ἦ μάλα ρωτμάχτε καὶὔμητισ λιуὑφωνιινδάρ‘nu; ἓκλατ θуατέρεσ πινταί, αρуθεν ἦμoσ ἴκντκμίζσ ἔνδoθι κρωσσῦ λειψαν' ἀπ' ༀπὺ ξεινησ ἀθρόα πρκαïῆσ.IIρωτμάχη Eustathius. 2. Éκλαταὶ ινδάρ θуατέρεσ East. et Ambr., corr. Gerhard.
Qvaestiones Herodeae
Authors: Rose H. J. 
Published: June 2019

The sumptuous edition of Herodas by Headlam-Knox, while it throws welcome light on many dark places, is perhaps hardly adequate in a few points where ancient religious ideas are involved. I venture, therefore, to offer the following suggestions:I. II and 66, μà τàς Моίρας. IV.30, πρòς Моιρέων.I. 32,μà τήν Αϊδεω (?) Κούρην.I. 69, μà … τήν Φίλην δήμητρα.
Anaxagoras: Predication as a Problem in Physics: I
Authors: Peck A. L. 
Published: June 2019

The present essay is intended to supply amplification, and where necessary correction, to my previous article on Anaxagoras' philosophy. Since its publication important essays on the same subject have been written by Mr. Cyril Bailey and by Mr. F. M. Cornford, and the present essay is also an attempt to examine some of the theories put forward in them.There are one or two points which may be stated at the outset. The conclusions which I put forward five years ago I still believe to be valid. Some of the presentation of the evidence, however, I now see to be misleading and inadequate, notably the treatment of Aristotle's evidence, which I now hope to deal with more fully, and to show that it lends even stronger support to my thesis. I should also say that my former use of ‘Elements’ as a convenient collective term to refer to the four Empedoclean Elements has proved confusing, since it was never intended to suggest that these substances were elements in Anaxagoras' system. I now refer to them by their names in full.
Further Notes on the Annuity Business of British Offices and the Valuation thereof
Authors: Elderton W. Palin , Oakley H. J. P. 
Published: June 2019

Fifteen years have elapsed since the previous paper on this subject was read before the Institute, and it seems desirable to review the subsequent progress and to consider the present position in the light of the investigation into Annuitant Mortality just completed on behalf of the Institute and the Faculty of Actuaries.It is not intended to deal with the matter in such full detail as on the last occasion, but to refer only to the more salient features—and even to those, more briefly.
An Investigation into the mortality experienced by life tenants under reversions, with some conclusions drawn therefrom
Authors: Lever E. H. 
Published: June 2019

The necessity for a reliable investigation into the mortality experienced by life tenants under reversions has long been felt.So far as I am aware, the only published experience is that given by Mr. Neil Campbell in a paper read before the Faculty of Actuaries in 1902 (T.F.A., vol. i, p. 79), although doubtless individual offices have at various times examined the mortality in respect of their own purchases. The investigation by Mr. Campbell was of considerable service in indicating the trend of the mortality, but was unfortunately of limited value inasmuch as it was based upon only 226 lives producing 2,097 years of exposure to risk.
On a Short Method of Constructing Select Mortality Tables. Further Developments
Authors: King George 
Published: June 2019

A year ago I had the honour of submitting to the Institute a paper on “A Short Method of Constructing Select Mortality Tables”, which has been published in the Journal, vol. lii, pp. 286–341. For convenience it may be referred to as “the former paper.” A definition of the short method was given as follows:
The short method of constructing select tables consists in preparing first of all an ultimate table, and then in constructing the select columns by means of factors formed from the ratios between the actual deaths and those expected by the ultimate table, and by which factors the ultimate qx is to be multiplied.
A study of the process of making stack silage
Authors: Woodman Herbert Ernest , Hanley Frederick 
Published: June 2019

An account has been given of an investigation which was designed to test the efficacy of the process of ensilage in the stack for preserving hay crops which are in danger of spoiling in consequence of adverse weather conditions.The character of the ensiled crops and the weather conditions at the time of ensiling, together with the process of building the stack, have been described in detail.The results of continuous temperature readings in the stack have been given in graphical form. The significance of the two distinct temperature maxima which characterized the temperature curve has been discussed, and the importance of this method of investigation in regard to the elucidation of the processes which go on during ensilage has been emphasized.The chemical character of the “sweet” silage samples obtained from experimental bags buried in different parts of the stack has been investigated. The losses of dry matter resulting from fermentation and drainage have been determined and the changes affecting the individual constituents of the crop have been followed quantitatively. The results so obtained have been compared with similar figures referring to the process of ensilage in the tower and the clamp.It has been shown that the loss of dry matter in the “sweet” silage layers of the stack compares satisfactorily in magnitude with the losses accompanying the preservation of crops in the tower silo and is appreciably smaller than that associated with the production of “sour” silage in the clamp.
Dry matter of swedes. I
Authors: Sansome F. W. 
Published: June 2019

1. Sampling of single roots of swedes by means of cores is subject to errors of various kinds, of which one, due to the asymmetrical growth of the root in a north-south direction, has previously been overlooked. Cores should be taken horizontally in a north-south direction.2. In the case of plants left standing in the field there is a marked decrease in dry matter content during winter and spring; this is presumably due to movement of food-material from the root into the developing flowering shoot. A detailed study of the metabolism of the swede during the winter is urgently needed, if only for the practical purpose of determining the “metabolic turning-point,” which is the ideal time at which to determine potential dry matter content.3. The fresh weight of a core is a function of the weight of the whole root (except in Tankard swedes).4. There is a well-marked negative correlation (autumn – ·66, spring – ·51) between dry matter content and fresh weight of core, and hence between dry matter content and size of root.5. For one pair of strains of common parentage clear evidence of the inheritance of dry matter content has been obtained. In other instances the figures are inconclusive.
Investigation on the mineral content of pasture grass and its effect on herbivora: II. Report on the effect of the addition of mineral salts to the ration of sheep
Authors: Elliot Walter , Wood T. B. , Elliot Walter , Crichton Arthur 
Published: June 2019

(1) Bent-leg appears to be due to a mineral deficiency and can be prevented by a mineral supplement.(2) Bent-leg appears, by the growth curves, to be correlated with a general lower nutrition.(3) The occurrence of bent-leg on pasture grass would indicate theoretically that an extreme lack of some mineral constituent has become evident in the grass itself.(4) Pasture analyses show that these grave mineral deficiencies do actually occur in large pastoral areas, and that these areas are correlated with high stock death-rates.(5) The mineral elements of the ration are therefore no less important to the pastoral farmer than to any other stock feeder.
The evaporation of water from soil: III. A critical study of the Technique
Authors: Keen Bernard A. , Crowther Edward M. , Coutts John R. H. 
Published: June 2019

Some recent researches on the evaporation of water from soil are reviewed.Experiments on the evaporation of water from a soil paste spread in shallow pans showed that the drying proceeded very irregularly over the soil mass. Considerable portions became almost completely dry whilst other portions remained very wet. There was a rough relationship between the form of the dry patch and the shape of the corresponding evaporation rate curves.An improvement in technique was effected by exposing the soil in thin layers below glass plates. Under these conditions, reproducible results were obtained. Soil and kaolin, but not sand, gave considerable linear portions over the region of decreasing rate of evaporation. Tests on soil exposed as central discs, or peripheral rings, and on partially covered full plates, showed that, owing to the type of air currents set up, the drying was largely confined to the outer edges during the early stages.
Alkaline milk and its detection by the brom cresol purple test—I
Authors: Procter F. , Mattick A. T. R. 
Published: June 2019

During the past five years many appeals for assistance have been received at this Institute from cheesemakers in various parts of the country, who from time to time have found, themselves unable to secure satisfactory coagulation of their milk by rennet by reason of some abnormality which is not patent to the eye.Difficulties are also encountered in the liquid milk trade from causes which appear to resemble those which trouble the cheesemaker.In view of the necessity for detecting milk such as this, use has been made of di-brom-ortho-cresol-sulphon-phthalein or brom cresol purple, which indicates colorimetrically the reaction or hydrogen-ion concentration of milk, and provides a starting point for the further investigation of those samples of which the reaction is abnormal.