bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple loci control eyespot number variation on the hindwings ofBicyclus anynanabutterflies
Authors: Rivera-Colón Angel G. , Westerman Erica L. , Van Belleghem Steven M. , Monteiro Antónia , Papa Riccardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe underlying genetic changes that regulate the appearance and disappearance of repeated traits, or serial homologs, remain poorly understood. One hypothesis is that variation in genomic regions flanking master regulatory genes, also known as input-output genes, controls variation in trait number, making the locus of evolution almost predictable. Other hypotheses implicate genetic variation in up-stream or downstream loci of master control genes. Here, we use the butterflyBicyclus anynana, a species which exhibits natural variation in eyespot number on the dorsal hindwing, to test these two hypotheses. We first estimated the heritability of dorsal hindwing eyespot number by breeding multiple butterfly families differing in eyespot number, and regressing eyespot number of offspring on mid-parent values. We then estimated the number and identity of independent genetic loci contributing to eyespot number variation by performing a genome-wide association study with restriction site-associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-seq) from multiple individuals varying in number of eyespots sampled across a freely breeding lab population. We found that dorsal hindwing eyespot number has a moderately high heritability of approximately 0.50. In addition, multiple loci near previously identified genes involved in eyespot development display high association with dorsal hindwing eyespot number, suggesting that homolog number variation is likely determined by regulatory changes at multiple loci that build the trait and not by variation at single master regulators or input-output genes.Data accessibilityTheBicyclus anynanaPstI RAD-tag sequencing data is available via the Genbank BioProject PRJNA509697. Genotype VCF files will be made available through Figshare upon acceptance.
High Throughput pMHC-I Tetramer Library Production Using Chaperone Mediated Peptide Exchange
Authors: Overall Sarah A. , Toor Jugmohit S. , Hao Stephanie , Yarmarkovich Mark , Nguyen Son , Japp Alberto S. , Moschidi Danai , Betts Michael R. , Maris John M. , Smibert Peter , Sgourakis Nikolaos G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPeptide exchange technologies are essential for the generation of pMHC-multimer libraries, used to probe highly diverse, polyclonal TCR repertoires. Using the molecular chaperone TAPBPR, we present a robust method for the capture of stable, empty MHC-I molecules which can be readily tetramerized and loaded with peptides of choice in a high-throughput manner. Combined with tetramer barcoding using multi-modal cellular indexing technology (ECCITE-seq), our approach allows a combined analysis of TCR repertoires and other T-cell transcription profiles together with their cognate pMHC-I specificities in a single experiment.
Therhg1-a(Rhg1low-copy) nematode resistance source harbors a copia-family retrotransposon within theRhg1-encoded α-SNAP gene
Authors: Bayless Adam M. , Zapotocny Ryan W. , Han Shaojie , Grunwald Derrick J. , Amundson Kaela K. , Bent Andrew F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSoybean growers widely use theResistance toHeteroderaglycines1 (Rhg1) locus to reduce yield losses caused by soybean cyst nematode (SCN).Rhg1is a tandemly repeated four gene block. Two classes of SCN resistance-conferringRhg1haplotypes are recognized:rhg1-a(“Peking-type”, low copy number, 3 or fewerRhg1repeats) andrhg1-b(“PI 88788-type”, high copy number, 4 or moreRhg1repeats). Therhg1-aandrhg1-bhaplotypes encode α-SNAP (alpha-SolubleNSFAttachmentProtein) variants α-SNAPRhg1LC and α-SNAPRhg1HC respectively, with differing atypical C-terminal domains, that contribute to SCN-resistance. Here we report thatrhg1-asoybean accessions harbor a copia retrotransposon within theirRhg1 Glyma.18G022500(α-SNAP-encoding) gene. We termed this retrotransposon “RAC”, forRhg1alpha-SNAPcopia. Soybean carries multipleRAC-like retrotransposon sequences. TheRhg1 RACinsertion is in theGlyma.18G022500genes of all truerhg1-ahaplotypes we tested and was not detected in any examinedrhg1-borRhg1WT(single-copy) soybeans.RACis an intact element residing within intron 1, anti-sense to therhg1-a α-SNAPopen reading frame.RAChas intrinsic promoter activities, but overt impacts ofRACon transgenic α-SNAPRhg1LC mRNA and protein abundance were not detected. From the nativerhg1-a RAC+genomic context, elevated α-SNAPRhg1LC protein abundance was observed in syncytium cells, as was previously observed for α-SNAPRhg1HC (whoserhg1-bdoes not carryRAC). Using a SoySNP50K SNP corresponding withRACpresence, just ∼42% of USDA accessions bearing previously identifiedrhg1-aSoySNP50K SNP signatures harbor theRACinsertion. Subsequent analysis of several of these putativerhg1-aaccessions lackingRACrevealed that none encodedα-SNAPRhg1LC, and thus they are notrhg1-a.rhg1-ahaplotypes are of rising interest, withRhg4, for combating SCN populations that exhibit increased virulence against the widely usedrhg1-bresistance. The present study reveals another unexpected structural feature of manyRhg1loci, and a selectable feature that is predictive ofrhg1-ahaplotypes.
Alcohol consumption, obesity and hypertension: Relationship patterns along different age groups in Uganda
Authors: Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Mutungi Gerald , Bahendeka Silver , Wesonga Ronald , Swahn Monica H. , Katureebe Agaba , Guwatudde David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionUganda is experiencing a significant increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases including hypertension and obesity. Frequent alcohol use is also highly prevalent in Uganda and is a key risk factor for both hypertension and obesity. This study determines the trends of frequent alcohol consumption, hypertension and obesity across different age groups, and the extent to which alcohol consumption affects the two.MethodsThe data were extracted from the 2014 National Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey (N=3,987) conducted among adults aged 18 to 69 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHG or diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Obesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2. Frequent alcohol consumption was defined as alcohol use 3 or more times a week. Multivariable log binomial regression analysis was carried out for each of the two outcome variables against age group and controlled for frequency of alcohol consumption and few other independent factors. Non-parametric tests were used to compare trends of prevalence ratios across age groups. Modified Poisson regression was use in few instances when the model failed to converge.ResultsThe results showed increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and frequent alcohol consumption but a declining trend for obesity along different age groups (p<0.01). Frequency of alcohol consumption did not significantly modify the age group-hypertension and age group-obesity relationships although the effect was significant with ungrouped age. There was significance in difference of fitted lines for hypertension prevalence ratios between frequent drinkers and mild drinkers and between abstainers and frequent drinkers. Alcohol consumption did not have any significant effect on obesity-age group relationship.ConclusionThe results call for more research to understand the effect of alcohol on the hypertension-age relationship, and the obesity-age relationship. Why prevalence ratios for hypertension decline among those who take alcohol most frequently is another issue that needs further research.
Effects of moderate and high intensity isocaloric aerobic training upon microvascular reactivity and myocardial oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Paes Lorena , Lima Daniel , Matsuura Cristiane , de Souza Maria das Graças , Cyrino Fátima , Barbosa Carolina , Ferrão Fernanda , Bottino Daniel , Bouskela Eliete , Farinatti Paulo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTSystemic and central cardiovascular adaptations may vary in response to chronic exercise performed with different intensities and volumes. This study compared the effects of aerobic training with different intensities but equivalent volume upon microvascular reactivity in cremaster muscle and myocardial biomarkers of oxidative stress in Wistar rats. After peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) assessment, rats (n=24) were assigned into three groups: moderate-intensity exercise training (MI); high-intensity exercise training (HI); sedentary control (SC). Treadmill training occurred during 4 weeks, with exercise bouts matched by the energy expenditure (3.0-3.5 Kcal). Microvascular reactivity was assessed in vivo by intravital microscopy in cremaster muscle arterioles, while biomarkers of oxidative stress and eNOS expression were quantified at left ventricle and at aorta, respectively. Similar increasing vs. sedentary control group (SC) occurred in moderate intensity training group (MI) and high-intensity training group (HI) for endothelium-dependent vasodilation (10−4M: MI: 168.7%, HI: 164.6% vs. SC: 146.6%, P=0.0004). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (HI: 0.13 U/mg vs. MI: 0.09 U/mg and SC: 0.06 U/mg; P=0.02), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (HI: 0.00038 U/mg vs. MI: 0.00034 U/mg and SC: 0.00024 U/mg; P=0.04), and carbonyl protein content (HI: 0.04 U/mg vs. MI: 0.03 U/mg and SC: 0.01 U/mg; P=0.003) increased only in HI. No difference across groups was detected for catalase (CAT) (P=0.12), Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P = 0.38) or eNOS expression in aorta (P=0.44). In conclusion, higher exercise intensity induced greater improvements in myocardium antioxidant defenses, while gains in microvascular reactivity appeared to rely more on exercise volume than intensity.
CRISPRpred(SEQ): a sequence based tool for sgRNA on target activity prediction [(almost) beating Deep Learning pipelines by traditional machine learning]
Authors: Muhammad Rafid Ali Haisam , Toufikuzzaman Md. , Rahman Mohammad Saifur , Rahman M. Sohel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn accurate and fast genome editing tool can be used to treat genetic diseases, modify crops genetically etc. However, a tool that has low accuracy can be risky to use, as incorrect genome editing may have severe consequences. Although many tools have been developed in the past, there are still room for further improvement. In this paper, we present CRISPRpred(SEQ), a sequence based tool for sgRNA on target activity prediction that leverages only traditional machine learning techniques. We compare the results of CRISPRpred(SEQ) with that of DeepCRISPR, the current state-of-the-art, which uses a deep learning pipeline. In spite of using only traditional machine learning methods, we are able to beat DeepCRISPR for the three out of four cell lines in the benchmark dataset convincingly (2.174%, 6.905% and 8.119% improvement for the three cell lines), which is quite outstanding.
Dissociable roles for Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Basolateral Amygdala in Decision Confidence and Learning under Uncertainty
Authors: Stolyarova A , Rakhshan M , Hart Evan E. , O’Dell Thomas J. , Peters MAK , Lau H , Soltani A , Izquierdo A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been suggested the subjective sense of certainty, or confidence, in ambiguous sensory cues can alter the interpretation of reward feedback and facilitate learning. We trained rats to report the orientation of ambiguous visual stimuli according to a spatial stimulus-response rule. Following choice, rats could wait a self-timed delay for reward or initiate a new trial. Waiting times increased with discrimination accuracy, demonstrating that this measure could be used as a proxy for confidence. Chemogenetic silencing of BLA shortened waiting times overall whereas ACC inhibition rendered waiting times insensitive to confidence-modulating attributes of visual stimuli, suggesting contribution of ACC but not BLA to confidence computations. Subsequent reversal learning was enhanced by confidence. Both ACC and BLA inhibition blocked this enhancement but via differential modulation of learning strategies and consistency in using learned rules. Altogether, we demonstrate dissociable roles for ACC and BLA in transmitting confidence and learning under uncertainty.
Under what conditions is mandatory disclosure most likely to cause organisational change?
Authors: Leong Shane , Hazelton James 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to reflect on how mandatory sustainability accounts can be designed to maximise the likelihood of moving society towards sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use institutional theory to show that organisations are constrained by institutions. Sustainability accounts can drive change by providing information that changes the institutional mix of pressures on organisations.

Findings
Mandatory disclosure is most likely to drive change when: indicators are appropriate for information intermediaries or other intended users; information is provided at the appropriate level of aggregation; data are comparable to external benchmarks and/or other corporations; there exists a linkage to network of other relevant information; and sufficient popular and political support exists.

Practical implications
Social changes will only come about if users receive information relevant to their goals and are able to translate it into political action. Corporate-level reporting may not be the best mechanism for this, because many users are interested in issues-based information. In many instances, due to the ability to facilitate greater comparability, a database mechanism is likely to be more helpful. Social and environmental accounting research should consider adopting more site-based reporting, ascertain what sustainability information governments already collect, determine what information NGOs need for campaigning purposes, and theorise how to create and link a nexus of accounts.

Originality/value
While many studies have called for improved practice and lamented the impotence of reporting, few studies have explored this link from a theoretical perspective.
Do farmer and credit specific characteristics matter in microfinance programmes’ participation? Evidence from smallholder farmers in Ada west and east districts
Authors: Jumpah Emmanuel Tetteh , Osei-Asare Yaw , Tetteh Emmanuel Kodjo 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Users of smallholder farmer microfinance are able to make enough returns to repay credits advanced to them. However, they are in dire need of financial capital such that they are inconsiderate of farmer- and credit-specific characteristics when participating in a microfinance programme. This study analyses perceptions of stakeholders regarding select farmer and credit characteristics within the microfinance industry. The study identifies and analyses the factors that influence participation in a microfinance programme by farmers using the logistic regression model. The purpose of this paper is to widen the knowledge base of rural agricultural finance, including factors that influence participation in microfinance intervention(s) thereof.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 104 participants and 120 non-participant farmers in microfinance programmes were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire by applying the multistage sampling technique. The paper applied the logistic regression model in which farmer- and credit-specific characteristics were used to estimate the probabilities of participation.

Findings
The logistic regression results showed that distance, interest rate, experience, membership of farmer-based organisation, number of dependants, household, gender and age were statistically significant farmer- and credit-specific characteristics that influence participation in microfinance programmes. Interest rate and distance exact negative significance influence on participation, whereas membership of farmer-based organisations, experience, gender, household head and age influence participation positively. Reduction in the interest rate and expansion of microfinance to very remote areas rather than locations in urban areas are crucial in terms of improving participation.

Research limitations/implications
The paper used data from only farmers so there is a limit to which the results can be generalised for all microfinance users. It may be relevant to undertake a study that considers non-farm enterprises.

Practical implications
This paper brings to light the need to develop well-structured microfinance facilities that meet the specific needs of the rural poor in transitioning economies while taking into consideration critical factors affecting participation before the establishment of such programmes.

Originality/value
This paper provides empirical evidence to show that farmer- and credit-specific characteristics are essential to ensure participation and success of microfinance programmes thereof.
Incorporating artificial skin signals in the constraint-based reactive control of human–robot collaborative manipulation tasks
Authors: Vergara Cristian Alejandro , Borghesan Gianni , Aertbeliën Erwin , De Schutter Joris 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a control strategy for human–robot collaborative manipulation tasks that can deal with proximity signals from 373 interconnected cells of an artificial skin.

Design/methodology/approach
The robot and the operator accomplish an industrial task while interacting in a shared workspace. The robot controller detects and avoids collisions based on the information from the artificial skin. Conflicting constraints can be handled by prioritizing between hard and soft constraints or by weighing the different constraints.

Findings
Weak soft constraints (low weight) are specified to command the robot to move along a nominal path with constant velocity. Stronger soft constraints (higher weight) prevent collisions by means of either moving the end effector backward along the path or circumventing an obstacle. The proposed approach is validated experimentally.

Originality/value
As a first contribution, this paper proposes a discrete optimization algorithm activates an a priori selected maximum number of cells. The algorithm selects the appropriate distribution based on the amplitude of each signal and the spatial distribution of the proximity measurements. A second contribution is the specification of a human–robot collaborative application as an optimization problem using eTaSL (expression graph-based task specification language), which provides reactive control.
The role of ICT, eWOM and guest characteristics in loyalty
Authors: Moliner-Velázquez Beatriz , Fuentes-Blasco María , Gil-Saura Irene 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine how technologies contribute to consumer loyalty in the tourist industry. To achieve this objective, information and communication technology (ICT) development and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) are analysed to explore their direct and indirect effects on satisfaction and loyalty dimensions. The moderating role of customer characteristics (personal and experience-related variables) is also considered to study the complex relationship between satisfaction and loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative study based on a questionnaire structured was developed. The survey was conducted with 386 guests from Spanish hotels. SEM methodology is applied to estimate the structural equation model and multi-group analysis.

Findings
Results confirm significant relationships in the sequence “ICT advancement-satisfaction with ICT-satisfaction with hotel-loyalty”, the mediating effect of eWOM and the moderating effects of the customer characteristics.

Practical implications
ICT can be a key element to improve loyalty and differentiate from competitors. Managers should recognise that customers will have different loyalty behaviours according to their personal characteristics and type of experience.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the recent and still scanty research line on ICT advancement from the consumer perspective. The novelty lies in the relationships between ICT, satisfaction and loyalty in hotels with particular attention to WOM (both personal and electronic) and the inclusion of different moderating variables.
International book donors and public libraries as partners in primary school literacy development in Kenya
Authors: Mose Peter , Kaschula Russell 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of international library materials aid in primary schools and to outline obstacles to effective utilization for maximum literacy benefits among primary school children.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered via interviews, observation, focus group discussions and document analyses.

Findings
Findings indicate that teachers were trained by Kenya National Library Services Kisii Branch staff on basics of library materials management before literacy materials were sent to the schools; teachers and pupils reported that development of vocabulary and better essay writing are some of the benefits of the donated materials; and culturally distanced materials and school dynamics impact negatively on the effective utilization of the donated library resources.

Practical implications
The authors recommend that donors work hand in hand with the Ministry of Education and other local stakeholders that it may be possible to address obstacles to proper and highly effective implementation of literacy empowerment projects.

Originality/value
The findings of this study are from original research and the implications must be treated as such.
Procedural justice concerns and support for BWCs: turning the lens to officer perceptions
Authors: Saulnier Alana , St Louis Ermus , McCarty William 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore factors that drive officer support for body-worn cameras (BWCs).Design/methodology/approachResults of an officer perceptions survey completed as part of an evaluation of the Chicago Police Department’s BWC project are presented. The influence of treatment- and outcome-oriented justice concerns on officer support for BWCs is explored with a variety of covariates.FindingsOutcome-oriented concerns are a significant predictor of officer support for BWCs, while treatment-oriented concerns are not.Practical implicationsThe research enhances understandings of the applicability of procedural justice theorizing in policing generally, and offers direction important to the meaningful use of BWCs.Originality/valueThis finding runs counter to dominant relational models of procedural justice that concentrate on the perspective of subordinates, but lends support to arguments advocating the centrality of role (authority vs subordinate) in the formation of justice evaluations.