bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solute Transport With Linear Reactions in Porous Media With Layered Structure: A Semianalytical Model
Authors: Liang Xiuyu , Zhang You‐Kuan , Liu Jin , Ma Enze , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLayered heterogeneous media widely exist in subsurface environment. They commonly give rise to preferential flow that provides a fast path for water and solute transport in soils and aquifers. One‐dimensional (1‐D) double‐region models are frequently used to simulate solute transport in heterogeneous media by adopting a mass transfer coefficient, rather than transverse dispersion, to represent interaction between two zones. A two‐dimensional (2‐D) solute transport model considering transverse dispersion and linear reactions in a layered medium where water in the two regions is mobile was presented, and its semianalytical solution was derived. The solution was tested using a numerical solution and an existing analytical solution. The results indicated that the mass exchange between the two zones was induced by the contrast in properties of the two zones and determined by the transverse dispersion across the interface. When solutes pass through the two‐layer medium, part of the solutes in the fast flow zone will migrate into the slow flow zone in the beginning, and later this mass exchange will be reversed; that is, part of the solutes in the slow flow zone will migrate back to the fast flow zone. The magnitude of the mass exchange was determined by the property difference in the two zones. The reaction of the solute has significant impacts on the mass interaction between the two zones. The solution was applied to previous laboratory experiments and compared to the 1‐D double‐region model as well. The 2‐D model matched the observed breakthrough curves better than the 1‐D model.
Antidepressant treatment, not depression, leads to reductions in behavioral and neural responses to pain empathy
Authors: Rütgen Markus , Pletti Carolina , Tik Martin , Kraus Christoph , Pfabigan Daniela Melitta , Sladky Ronald , Klöbl Manfred , Woletz Michael , Vanicek Thomas , Windischberger Christian , Lanzenberger Rupert , Lamm Claus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been hypothesized to lead to impairments in empathy. Previous cross-sectional studies did not disentangle effects of MDD itself and antidepressant treatment. In this first longitudinal neuroimaging study on empathy in depression, 29 patients with MDD participated in two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sessions before and after 3 months of antidepressant therapy. We compared their responses to an empathy for pain task to a group of healthy controls (N = 35). All participants provided self-report ratings targeting cognitive (perspective taking) and affective (unpleasant affect) aspects of empathy. To control for general effects on processing of negative affective states, participants additionally underwent an electrical pain task. Before treatment, we found no differences in empathic responses between controls and patients with MDD. After treatment, patients showed significant decreases in both affective empathy and activity of three a priori selected brain regions associated with empathy for pain. Decreases in affective empathy were moreover correlated with symptom improvement. Moreover, functional connectivity during the empathy task between areas associated with affective (anterior insula) and cognitive (precuneus) empathy decreased between sessions in the MDD group. Neither cognitive empathy nor responses to painful electrical shocks were changed after treatment. These findings contradict previous cross-sectional reports of empathy deficits in acute MDD. Rather, they suggest that antidepressant treatment reduces the aversive responses triggered by exposure to the suffering of others. Importantly, this cannot be explained by a general blunting of negative affect, as treatment did not change self-experienced pain.
H3.3K27M-induced chromatin changes drive ectopic replication through misregulation of the JNK pathway in C. elegans
Authors: Delaney Kamila , Strobino Maude , Wenda Joanna M. , Pankowski Andrzej , Steiner Florian A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSubstitution of lysine 27 with methionine in histone H3.3 is a recently discovered driver mutation of pediatric high-grade gliomas. Mutant cells show decreased levels and altered distribution of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). How these chromatin changes are established genome-wide and lead to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we show that H3.3K27M-mediated alterations in H3K27me3 distribution result in ectopic DNA replication and cell cycle progression of germ cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. By genetically inducing changes in the H3.3 distribution, we demonstrate that both H3.3K27M and pre-existing H3K27me3 act locally and antagonistically on Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in a concentration-dependent manner. The heterochromatin changes result in extensive gene misregulation, and genetic screening identified upregulation of JNK as an underlying cause of the germcell aberrations. Moreover, JNK inhibition suppresses the replicative fate in human tumor-derived H3.3K27M cells, thus establishing C. elegans as a powerful model for the identification of potential drug targets for treatment of H3.3K27M tumors.
Importance of potassium ions for ribosome structure and function revealed by long-wavelength X-ray diffraction
Authors: Rozov Alexey , Khusainov Iskander , El Omari Kamel , Duman Ramona , Mykhaylyk Vitaliy , Yusupov Marat , Westhof Eric , Wagner Armin , Yusupova Gulnara 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ribosome, the largest RNA-containing macromolecular machinery in cells, requires metal ions not only to maintain its three-dimensional fold but also to perform protein synthesis. Despite the vast biochemical data regarding the importance of metal ions for efficient protein synthesis and the increasing number of ribosome structures solved by X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy, the assignment of metal ions within the ribosome remains elusive due to methodological limitations. Here we present extensive experimental data on the potassium composition and environment in two structures of functional ribosome complexes obtained by measurement of the potassium anomalous signal at the K-edge, derived from long-wavelength X-ray diffraction data. We elucidate the role of potassium ions in protein synthesis at the three-dimensional level, most notably, in the environment of the ribosome functional decoding and peptidyl transferase centers. Our data expand the fundamental knowledge of the mechanism of ribosome function and structural integrity.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy induces FLT3L and CD1c+ dendritic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Yuan Xinran , Qin Xiaodong , Wang Dandan , Zhang Zhuoya , Tang Xiaojun , Gao Xiang , Chen Wanjun , Sun Lingyun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAllogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit immunoregulatory function in human autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that the number of peripheral tolerogenic CD1c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and the levels of serum FLT3L are significantly decreased in SLE patients especially with lupus nephritis, compared to healthy controls. Transplantation of allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) significantly up-regulates peripheral blood CD1c+DCs and serum FLT3L. Mechanistically, UC-MSCs express FLT3L that binds to FLT3 on CD1c+DCs to promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of tolerogenic CD1c+DCs. Conversely, reduction of FLT3L with small interfering RNA in MSCs abolishes the up-regulation of tolerogenic CD1c+DCs in lupus patients treated with MSCs. Interferon-γ induces FLT3L expression in UC-MSCs through JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Thus, allogeneic MSCs might suppress inflammation in lupus through up-regulating tolerogenic DCs.
Adaptation of the human auditory cortex to changing background noise
Authors: Khalighinejad Bahar , Herrero Jose L. , Mehta Ashesh D. , Mesgarani Nima 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpeech communication in real-world environments requires adaptation to changing acoustic conditions. How the human auditory cortex adapts as a new noise source appears in or disappears from the acoustic scene remain unclear. Here, we directly measured neural activity in the auditory cortex of six human subjects as they listened to speech with abruptly changing background noises. We report rapid and selective suppression of acoustic features of noise in the neural responses. This suppression results in enhanced representation and perception of speech acoustic features. The degree of adaptation to different background noises varies across neural sites and is predictable from the tuning properties and speech specificity of the sites. Moreover, adaptation to background noise is unaffected by the attentional focus of the listener. The convergence of these neural and perceptual effects reveals the intrinsic dynamic mechanisms that enable a listener to filter out irrelevant sound sources in a changing acoustic scene.
Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for improving Gleason scoring of prostate cancer
Authors: Nagpal Kunal , Foote Davis , Liu Yun , Chen Po-Hsuan Cameron , Wulczyn Ellery , Tan Fraser , Olson Niels , Smith Jenny L. , Mohtashamian Arash , Wren James H. , Corrado Greg S. , MacDonald Robert , Peng Lily H. , Amin Mahul B. , Evans Andrew J. , Sangoi Ankur R. , Mermel Craig H. , Hipp Jason D. , Stumpe Martin C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor prostate cancer patients, the Gleason score is one of the most important prognostic factors, potentially determining treatment independent of the stage. However, Gleason scoring is based on subjective microscopic examination of tumor morphology and suffers from poor reproducibility. Here we present a deep learning system (DLS) for Gleason scoring whole-slide images of prostatectomies. Our system was developed using 112 million pathologist-annotated image patches from 1226 slides, and evaluated on an independent validation dataset of 331 slides. Compared to a reference standard provided by genitourinary pathology experts, the mean accuracy among 29 general pathologists was 0.61 on the validation set. The DLS achieved a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy of 0.70 (p = 0.002) and trended towards better patient risk stratification in correlations to clinical follow-up data. Our approach could improve the accuracy of Gleason scoring and subsequent therapy decisions, particularly where specialist expertise is unavailable. The DLS also goes beyond the current Gleason system to more finely characterize and quantitate tumor morphology, providing opportunities for refinement of the Gleason system itself.
Benchmark on a large cohort for sleep-wake classification with machine learning techniques
Authors: Palotti Joao , Mall Raghvendra , Aupetit Michael , Rueschman Michael , Singh Meghna , Sathyanarayana Aarti , Taheri Shahrad , Fernandez-Luque Luis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccurately measuring sleep and its quality with polysomnography (PSG) is an expensive task. Actigraphy, an alternative, has been proven cheap and relatively accurate. However, the largest experiments conducted to date, have had only hundreds of participants. In this work, we processed the data of the recently published Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Sleep study to have both PSG and actigraphy data synchronized. We propose the adoption of this publicly available large dataset, which is at least one order of magnitude larger than any other dataset, to systematically compare existing methods for the detection of sleep-wake stages, thus fostering the creation of new algorithms. We also implemented and compared state-of-the-art methods to score sleep-wake stages, which range from the widely used traditional algorithms to recent machine learning approaches. We identified among the traditional algorithms, two approaches that perform better than the algorithm implemented by the actigraphy device used in the MESA Sleep experiments. The performance, in regards to accuracy and F1 score of the machine learning algorithms, was also superior to the device’s native algorithm and comparable to human annotation. Future research in developing new sleep-wake scoring algorithms, in particular, machine learning approaches, will be highly facilitated by the cohort used here. We exemplify this potential by showing that two particular deep-learning architectures, CNN and LSTM, among the many recently created, can achieve accuracy scores significantly higher than other methods for the same tasks.
Measurement of ligand coverage on cadmium selenide nanocrystals and its influence on dielectric dependent photoluminescence intermittency
Authors: Fisher Aidan A. E. , Osborne Mark A. , Day Iain J. , Lucena Alcalde Guillermo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotoluminescent quantum dots are used in a range of applications that exploit the unique size tuneable emission, light harvesting and quantum efficient properties of these semiconductor nanocrystals. However, optical instabilities such as photoluminescence intermittency, the stochastic switching between bright, emitting states and dark states, can hinder quantum dot performance. Correlations between this blinking of emission and the dielectric properties of the nanoenvironment between the quantum dot interface and host medium, suggest surface ligands play a role in modulating on-off switching rates. Here we elucidate the nature of the cadmium selenide nanocrystal surface, by combining magic angle spinning NMR and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine ligand surface densities, with molecular dynamics simulation to assess net ligand filling at the nanocrystal interface. Results support a high ligand coverage and are consistent with photoluminescence intermittency measurements that indicate a dominant contribution from surface ligand to the dielectric properties of the local quantum dot environment.
LL‐delta structure for CS featuring high‐PTC
Authors: He Guangming , Chen Qianhong , Ren Xiaoyong , Zhang Zhiliang 
Published: June 2019

Aiming to improve the power transfer capability and efficiency of contactless sliprings (CS), LL‐delta structure for rotary transformer is proposed. Compared with the conventional UU structure, the effective cross‐section of magnetizing flux for LL structures are increased, resulting in higher coupling coefficient (k), mutual inductance (M) and associated improved power transfer capability and efficiency, without the burden of size. The finite element analysis is performed and demonstrates that the power transfer capability of the proposed LL‐delta structure is about 1.88–5.76 times larger than that of UU structure, and about 1.55–1.61 times larger than that of LL‐basic structure. Three rotary transformers with UU, LL‐basic and LL‐delta structure are fabricated along with the comparative experiments. Measured results indicate that the proposed LL‐delta structure has the largest product kM. With the same exciting current and the load quality factor, 2.06 kW output power is picked up for CS with LL‐delta structure, whereas 1.08 kW for UU structure and 1.36 kW for LL‐basic structure. The maximum efficiency for CS with LL‐delta structure is 96.97%, which is about 0.7% higher than that of UU and LL‐basic structures. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
New tri‐switching state non‐isolated high gain DC–DC boost converter for microgrid application
Authors: Maroti Pandav Kiran , Al‐Ammari Rashid , Bhaskar Mahajan Sagar , Meraj Mohammad , Iqbal Atif , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Rahman Syed 
Published: June 2019

High efficiency is an important requirement from DC–DC converter in DC microgrid system when integrated with renewable energy sources. This study proposes a new tri‐switching state non‐isolated high gain boost converter for 400 V DC microgrid applications. The proposed converter developed by modifying the conventional boost converter with advantageous features such as; high‐voltage gain operation with two different duty pulses to overcome the restriction of high duty ratio and continuous input current. Moreover, semiconductor components in the proposed converter are subjected to reduced voltage stress for a shorter duration when compared to conventional existing topologies. Steady state (with and without non‐idealities consideration) and performance analysis are presented to validate the viability of the proposed converter for high gain operation in grid‐connected systems. For experimental validation, a prototype model of the proposed converter is developed for 31 V/400 V, 500 W and operated at 50 kHz switching frequency. The converter is tested for a power range of 100–500 W for two different duty range (case: 1–k1 kept fixed and k2 is varied, case: 2–k2 kept fixed and k1 is varied) to validate the consistency in output voltage. Hardware results obtained validates superior performance and higher efficiency compared to conventional existing topologies.
Stellenwert der ST-Arthroplastik in der Therapie der STT-Arthrose bei gleichzeitiger Rhizarthrose
Authors: Halim Maximilian Hermann Lorenz , Horch Raymund E. , Bach Alexander D. 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Rhizarthrose gehört zu den häufigsten Arthroseformen. Nicht selten besteht gleichzeitig auch eine STT-Arthrose. Als operativer
Goldstandard gelten die verschiedenen Modifikationen der Resektionsarthroplastik. In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden die postoperativen Ergebnisse der
Resektions-Suspensions-Arthroplastik (RSA) nach Lundborg, modifiziert nach Wulle mit und ohne zusätzliche ST-Arthroplastik miteinander verglichen.
Patienten und Methoden Im Rahmen der Studie wurden 50 Patienten mit symptomatischer Daumensattelgelenksarthrose (Stadium III und IV) nachuntersucht. Davon
sind 21 Patienten mittels konventioneller modifizierter Resektions-Suspensions-Arthroplastik nach Lundborg (RSA) und 29 Patienten mit derselben Technik und
zusätzlicher ST-Arthroplastik (RSA-plus) operiert worden. Es wurden der TDX-Score (Thumb Disability Examination-Score), der Kapandji-Score, das Schmerzniveau
und die Kraft im Grobgriff, im Schlüsselgriff, im palmaren Spitzgriff und im Dreifingerspitzgriff erhoben.
Ergebnisse In beiden Gruppen war die Schnitt-Naht-Zeit vergleichbar. Der Gesamt-TDX-Score betrug für die RSA-plus-Gruppe 15,9 ± 19,5 und für die
RSA-Gruppe 20,8 ± 24,3 (p > 0,05). Einen marginal signifikanten Unterschied zeigte der Kapandji-Score in der RSA-plus-Gruppe mit 9,5 ± 1,1 und in der
RSA-Gruppe mit 8,9 ± 1,6 (p = 0,08). Die Kraft im Grobgriff (RSA-plus: 48,3 ± 21 kPa, RSA: 55,2 ± 24,9 kPa (p > 0,05)), im Schlüsselgriff (RSA-plus:
32,6 ± 15 kPa, RSA: 37,3 ± 15,4 kPa (p > 0,05)), im palmaren Spitzgriff (RSA-plus: 30,6 ± 12,9 kPa, RSA: 34,8 ± 12,4 kPa (p > 0,05)) sowie im
Dreifingerspitzgriff (RSA-plus: 36,2 ± 14,2 kPa, RSA: 42 ± 13,6 kPa (p > 0,05)) wiesen in beiden Gruppen keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf. Die
Schmerzintensität in Ruhe (RSA-plus: 0,4 ± 1,3, RSA: 1 ± 2,1 (p > 0,05)), bei Bewegung (RSA-plus: 0,7 ± 1,8, RSA: 1,6 ± 2,7 (p > 0,05)) und bei Belastung
(RSA-plus: 1,6 ± 2,5, RSA: 2,9 ± 3,4 (p > 0,05)) zeigten sich in beiden Gruppen insignifikant unterschiedlich.
Zusammenfassung In den nachuntersuchten Patientengruppen zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den untersuchten Variablen. Wir stellen somit
fest, dass keine Nachteile bestehen eine zusätzliche ST-Arthroplastik zur konventionellen Resektions-Suspensions-Arthroplastik durchzuführen. Wir sind aufgrund
der erhobenen Daten der Ansicht, dass die Indikation zur ST-Arthroplastik im Rahmen der RSA großzügig gestellt werden sollte.
Effects of Gut Microbiota and Ingredient-Ingredient Interaction on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Rotundic Acid and Pedunculoside
Authors: Yang Bao , Li Hui , Ruan Qingfeng , Xuan Shenxin , Chen Xiaojing , Cui Hui , Liu Zhongqiu , Jin Jing , Zhao Zhongxiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRotundic acid and pedunculoside are the most abundant constituents in Ilicis Rotundae Cortex, and possess lipid-lowering activity. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic interactions of rotundic acid with pedunculoside and other ingredients from Ilicis Rotundae Cortex with rotundic acid and pedunculoside, and preliminarily investigated the effects of gut microbiota on their pharmacokinetics using a pseudo-germ-free rat model. After a single oral administration of each monomer, a monomer mixture, and Ilicis Rotundae Cortex extract to the conventional and pseudo-germ-free rats, rotundic acid and pedunculoside were quantified in plasma by an UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS method. The systemic exposure (maximum plasma concentration and area under concentration-time curve) of two analytes in conventional rats were increased in an approximately dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of rotundic acid and pedunculoside in the forms of a monomer mixture and Ilicis Rotundae Cortex extract to the conventional rats significantly decreased the systemic exposure compared with the monomer groups, which demonstrated the existence of significant pharmacokinetic interactions. The pseudo-germ-free rats were prepared by nonabsorbable antibiotic treatment, and the systemic exposure of two analytes were significantly decreased and most of the “time to reach the maximum” values were delayed in comparison to conventional rats, therefore gut microbiota might serve as an efficient absorption promoter. These results provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of the two bioactive constituents and Ilicis Rotundae Cortex.
Risk of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in Denmark: time trends and comparison with Sweden and the English National Health Service
Authors: Pedersen Lasse , Valori Roland , Bernstein Inge , Lindorff-Larsen Karen , Green Charlotte , Torp-Pedersen Christian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background The post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) rate is a key quality indicator for colonoscopy. Previously published PCCRC rates have been difficult to compare owing to differences in methodology. The primary aim of this study was to compare Danish PCCRC rates internationally and to calculate Danish PCCRC rates using the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) consensus method for future comparison. The secondary aim was to identify factors associated with PCCRC.
Methods National registries were used to examine the risk of PCCRC. The Danish 3-year rate of PCCRC (PCCRC-3yr) was calculated using previously published methods from England, Sweden, and the WEO. Poisson regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PCCRC.
Results The Danish PCCRC-3yr was significantly higher than the rate in the English NHS (relative risk [RR] 1.12, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.05 – 1.19) and Sweden (RR 1.15, 95 %CI 1.06 – 1.24). The Danish PCCRC-3yr based on the WEO consensus method fell from 22.5 % in 2001 to 7.9 % in 2012. The multivariable Poisson regression model found PCCRC to be significantly associated with diverticulitis (RR 3.25, 95 %CI 2.88 – 3.66), ulcerative colitis (RR 3.44, 95 %CI 2.79 – 4.23), hereditary cancer (age < 60 years: RR 7.39, 95 %CI 5.77 – 9.47; age ≥ 60 years: RR 3.81, 95 %CI 2.74 – 5.31), and location in the transverse (RR 1.57, 95 %CI 1.28 – 1.94) and ascending colon (RR 1.85, 95 %CI 1.64 – 2.08).
Conclusions The PCCRC-3yr was higher in Denmark than in comparable countries. Differences in colonoscopist training, background, and certification are possible contributing factors. A review of colonoscopist training and certification in Denmark, and continuous audit and feedback of colonoscopist performance may reduce PCCRC-3yr.