bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetospheric Multiscale Dayside Reconnection Electron Diffusion Region Events
Authors: Webster J. M. , Burch J. L. , Reiff P. H. , Daou A. G. , Genestreti K. J. , Graham D. B. , Torbert R. B. , Ergun R. E. , Sazykin S. Y. , Marshall A. , Allen R. C. , Chen L.‐J. , Wang S. , Phan T. D. , Giles B. L. , Moore T. E. , Fuselier S. A. , Cozzani G. , Russell C. T. , Eriksson S. , Rager A. C. , Broll J. M. , Goodrich K. , Wilder F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe use high‐resolution data from dayside passes of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission to create for the first time a comprehensive listing of encounters with the electron diffusion region (EDR), as evidenced by electron agyrotropy, ion jet reversals, and j • E′ > 0. We present an overview of these 32 EDR or near‐EDR events, which demonstrate a wide variety of observed plasma behavior inside and surrounding the reconnection site. We analyze in detail three of the 21 new EDR encounters, which occurred within a 1‐min‐long interval on 23 November 2016. The three events, which resulted from a relatively low and oscillating magnetopause velocity, exhibited large electric fields (up to ~100 mV/m), crescent‐shaped electron velocity phase space densities, large currents (≥2 μA/m2), and Ohmic heating of the plasma (~10 nW/m3). We include an Ohm's law analysis, in which we show that the divergence of the electron pressure term usually dominates the nonideal terms and is much more turbulent on the magnetosphere versus the magnetosheath side of the EDR.
Autophagic degradation of caveolin-1 promotes liver sinusoidal endothelial cells defenestration
Authors: Luo Xiaoying , Wang Dan , Zhu Xintao , Wang Guozhen , You Yuehua , Ning Zuowei , Li Yang , Jin Siyi , Huang Yun , Hu Ye , Chen Tingting , Meng Ying , Li Xu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAutophagy, interacting with actin cytoskeleton and the NO-dependent pathway, may affect the phenotype and function of endothelial cells. Moreover, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), as a structure protein in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), is closely related to autophagy. Hence, we aim to explore the role of autophagic degradation of Cav-1 in LSECs defenestration. In vivo, we found the increase of autophagy in liver sinusoidal endothelium in human fibrotic liver. Furthermore, autophagy, degradation of Cav-1, and actin filament (F-actin) remodeling were triggered during the process of CCl4-induced LSECs defenestration; in contrast, autophagy inhibitor 3MA diminished the degradation of Cav-1 to maintain fenestrae and relieve CCl4-induced fibrosis. In vitro, during LSECs defenestration, the NO-dependent pathway was down-regulated through the reduction of the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway and initiation of autophagic degradation of Cav-1; while, these effects were aggravated by starvation. However, VEGF inhibited autophagic degradation of Cav-1 and F-actin remodeling to maintain LSECs fenestrae via activating the PI3K–AKT–MTOR pathway. Additionally, inhibiting autophagy, such as 3MA, bafilomycin, or ATG5-siRNA, could attenuate the depletion of Cav-1 and F-actin remodeling to maintain LSECs fenestrae and improve the NO-dependent pathway; in turn, eNOS-siRNA and L-NAME, for blocking the NO-dependent pathway, could elevate autophagic degradation of Cav-1 to aggravate defenestration. Finally, overexpressed Cav-1 rescued rapamycin-induced autophagic degradation of Cav-1 to maintain LSECs fenestrae; whereas knockdown of Cav-1 facilitated defenestration due to the activation of the AMPK-dependent autophagy. Consequently, autophagic degradation of Cav-1 promotes LSECs defenestration via inhibiting the NO-dependent pathway and F-actin remodeling.
A new inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase blocks pentose phosphate pathway and suppresses malignant proliferation and metastasis in vivo
Authors: Mele Luigi , Paino Francesca , Papaccio Federica , Regad Tarik , Boocock David , Stiuso Paola , Lombardi Angela , Liccardo Davide , Aquino Gabriella , Barbieri Antonio , Arra Claudio , Coveney Clare , La Noce Marcella , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Caraglia Michele , Tirino Virginia , Desiderio Vincenzo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a major glucose metabolism pathway, which has a fundamental role in cancer growth and metastasis. Even though PPP blockade has been pointed out as a very promising strategy against cancer, effective anti-PPP agents are not still available in the clinical setting. Here we demonstrate that the natural molecule polydatin inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of PPP. Polydatin blocks G6PD causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species and strong increase of endoplasmic reticulum stress. These effects are followed by cell cycle block in S phase, an about 50% of apoptosis, and 60% inhibition of invasion in vitro. Accordingly, in an orthotopic metastatic model of tongue cancer, 100 mg/kg polydatin induced an about 30% tumor size reduction with an about 80% inhibition of lymph node metastases and 50% reduction of lymph node size (p < 0.005). Polydatin is not toxic in animals up to a dose of 200 mg/kg and a phase II clinical trial shows that it is also well tolerated in humans (40 mg twice a day for 90 days). Thus, polydatin may be used as a reliable tool to limit human cancer growth and metastatic spread.
Supramolecularly directed rotary motion in a photoresponsive receptor
Authors: Wezenberg Sander J. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStimuli-controlled motion at the molecular level has fascinated chemists already for several decades. Taking inspiration from the myriad of dynamic and machine-like functions in nature, a number of strategies have been developed to control motion in purely synthetic systems. Unidirectional rotary motion, such as is observed in ATP synthase and other motor proteins, remains highly challenging to achieve. Current artificial molecular motor systems rely on intrinsic asymmetry or a specific sequence of chemical transformations. Here, we present an alternative design in which the rotation is directed by a chiral guest molecule, which is able to bind non-covalently to a light-responsive receptor. It is demonstrated that the rotary direction is governed by the guest chirality and hence, can be selected and changed at will. This feature offers unique control of directional rotation and will prove highly important in the further development of molecular machinery.
Targeting G protein-coupled receptor signaling at the G protein level with a selective nanobody inhibitor
Authors: Gulati Sahil , Jin Hui , Masuho Ikuo , Orban Tivadar , Cai Yuan , Pardon Els , Martemyanov Kirill A. , Kiser Philip D. , Stewart Phoebe L. , Ford Christopher P. , Steyaert Jan , Palczewski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2018

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by mediating a GDP to GTP exchange in the Gα subunit. This leads to dissociation of the heterotrimer into Gα-GTP and Gβγ dimer. The Gα-GTP and Gβγ dimer each regulate a variety of downstream pathways to control various aspects of human physiology. Dysregulated Gβγ-signaling is a central element of various neurological and cancer-related anomalies. However, Gβγ also serves as a negative regulator of Gα that is essential for G protein inactivation, and thus has the potential for numerous side effects when targeted therapeutically. Here we report a llama-derived nanobody (Nb5) that binds tightly to the Gβγ dimer. Nb5 responds to all combinations of β-subtypes and γ-subtypes and competes with other Gβγ-regulatory proteins for a common binding site on the Gβγ dimer. Despite its inhibitory effect on Gβγ-mediated signaling, Nb5 has no effect on Gαq-mediated and Gαs-mediated signaling events in living cells.
Management of children and young people (CYP) with asthma: a clinical audit report
Authors: Levy Mark L , Ward Angela , Nelson Sara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn asthma attack or exacerbation signals treatment failure. Most attacks are preventable and failure to recognize risk of asthma attacks are well recognized as risk factors for future attacks and even death. Of the 19 recommendations made by the United Kingdom National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD) (1) only one has been partially implemented—a National Asthma Audit; however, this hasn’t reported yet. The Harrow Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) in London implemented a clinical asthma audit on 291 children and young people aged under 19 years (CYP) who had been treated for asthma attacks in 2016. This was funded as a Local Incentive Scheme (LIS) aimed at improving quality health care delivery. Two years after the publication of the NRAD report it is surprising that risks for future attacks were not recognized, that few patients were assessed objectively during attacks and only 10% of attacks were followed up within 2 days. However, it is encouraging that CYP hospital admissions following the audit were reduced by 16%, with clear benefit for patients, their families and the local health economy. This audit has provided an example of how clinicians can focus learning on patients who have had asthma attacks and utilize these events as a catalyst for active reflection in particular on modifiable risk factors. Through identification of these risks and active optimization of management, preventable asthma attacks could become ‘never events’.
Remote heat dissipation in atom-sized contacts
Authors: Tsutsui Makusu , Morikawa Takanori , Yokota Kazumichi , Taniguchi Masateru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding and control of heat dissipation is an important challenge in nanoelectronics wherein field-accelerated hot carriers in current-carrying ballistic systems release a large part of the kinetic energy into external bulk phonon baths. Here we report on a physical mechanism of this remote heat dissipation and its role on the stability of atomic contacts. We used a nano-fabricated thermocouple to directly characterize the self-heating in a mechanically-configurable Au junction. We found more pronounced heat dissipation at the current downstream that signifies the electron-hole asymmetry in Au nanocontacts. Meanwhile, the simultaneously measured single-atom chain lifetime revealed a minor influence of the heat dissipation on the contact stability by virtue of microleads serving as an effective heat spreader to moderate the temperature rise to several Kelvins from the ambient under microwatt input power. The present finding can be used for practical design of atomic and molecular electronic devices for heat dissipation managements.
Integrated proteomics, genomics, metabolomics approaches reveal oxalic acid as pathogenicity factor in Tilletia indica inciting Karnal bunt disease of wheat
Authors: Pandey Vishakha , Singh Manoj , Pandey Dinesh , Kumar Anil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTilletia indicaincites Karnal bunt (KB) disease in wheat. To date, no KB resistant wheat cultivar could be developed due to non-availability of potential biomarkers related to pathogenicity/virulence for screening of resistant wheat genotypes. The present study was carried out to compare the proteomes ofT. indicahighly (TiK) and low (TiP) virulent isolates. Twenty one protein spots consistently observed as up-regulated/differential in the TiK proteome were selected for identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF. Identified sequences showed homology with fungal proteins playing essential role in plant infection and pathogen survival, including stress response, adhesion, fungal penetration, invasion, colonization, degradation of host cell wall, signal transduction pathway. These results were integrated withT. indicagenome sequence for identification of homologs of candidate pathogenicity/virulence related proteins. Protein identified in TiK isolate as malate dehydrogenase that converts malate to oxaloacetate which is precursor of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is key pathogenicity factor in phytopathogenic fungi. These results were validated by GC-MS based metabolic profiling ofT. indicaisolates indicating that oxalic acid was exclusively identified in TiK isolate. Thus, integrated omics approaches leads to identification of pathogenicity/virulence factor(s) that would provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms of fungi and aid in devising effective disease management strategies.
Physical properties and field-induced metamagnetic transitions in UAu0.8Sb2
Authors: Zhang Wen , Guo Chunyu , Xie Donghua , Smidman Michael , Hu Bingfeng , Xia Yuanhua , Liu Yi , Tan Shiyong , Feng Wei , Zhu Xiegang , Zhang Yun , Hao Qunqing , Luo Lizhu , Yuan Huiqiu , Lai Xinchun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have successfully synthesized single crystals of UAu0.8Sb2 using a flux method and present a comprehensive study of its physical properties by measuring the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and specific heat. Evidence for at least three magnetic phases is observed in the field-temperature phase diagram of UAu0.8Sb2. In zero field, the system undergoes an antiferromagnetic transition at 71 K, and upon further cooling it passes through another antiferromagnetic phase with a ferromagnetic component, before reaching a ferromagnetic ground state. A complex magnetic field-temperature phase diagram is obtained for fields along the easy c-axis, where the antiferromagnetic order eventually becomes polarized upon applying a magnetic field.
Accurate measurement of uranium isotope ratios in solid samples by laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Varga Z. , Krachler M. , Nicholl A. , Ernstberger M. , Wiss T. , Wallenius M. , Mayer K. 
Published: May 2018

A multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) coupled to a 213 nm ns-laser was used to measure uranium isotope ratios (234U/238U, 235U/238U, and 236U/238U) in six solid nuclear certified reference materials (CRMs).
Vehicle scheduling approach and its practice to optimise public bicycle redistribution in Hangzhou
Authors: Liu Dongxu , Dong Hongzhao , Li Tiebei , Corcoran Jonathan , Ji Shiming 
Published: May 2018

Public bicycle sharing programmes (PBSPs) have become increasingly popular across many urban areas in China. Hangzhou PBSP is the world's largest and forms this case study. The management of this large inventory of bicycles is a particularly challenging issue with the goal to ensure the demand for bicycles is met at all times across the network. To this end, an efficient scheduling approach is needed with the capacity to guide the redistribution of bicycles across the self‐service stations. Drawing on 7 years of disaggregate trip data, this study first captures the usage dynamics across both space and time to extract the candidate stations and redistribution periods for vehicle scheduling. A region partition method with K‐means clustering is proposed to satisfy the real‐time requirement of large‐scale PBSPs' redistribution. Moreover, drawing on the variations in demand a back‐propagation neural network short‐term prediction model is computed to inform the necessary prospective redistribution of bicycles to ensure demand is always met. Finally, a vehicle scheduling model employing a rolling horizon scheduling algorithm is established and implemented in a GIS‐based prototype system. The prototype is evaluated through its effectiveness and found benefit for following 18 months of practical operation in Hangzhou PBSP.
Family of zero voltage transition interleaved converters with low voltage and current stress
Authors: Akhlaghi Baharak , Esteki Morteza , Farzanehfard Hosein 
Published: May 2018

This study presents a family of zero voltage transition (ZVT) interleaved converters which utilises a simple auxiliary cell. The ZVT cell has only a single auxiliary switch for multi‐phase interleaved converters. In the proposed converters, all semiconductor devices operate under fully soft switching condition. The main switches turn on and turn off under zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition while the auxiliary switch turns on and turns off under zero current switching (ZCS) condition. Besides, all the converter main and auxiliary diodes turn off under ZCS condition which alleviates the diodes reverse recovery problem. The ZVT cell imposes no extra current and voltage stresses on the semiconductor devices. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by a 100 kHz, 200 W two‐phase interleaved boost converter and the theoretical analysis and design procedure are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the results of an implemented laboratory prototype are provided which are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Amplitude and lifetime of radial modes in red giant star spectra observed by Kepler
Authors: Vrard M. , Kallinger T. , Mosser B. , Barban C. , Baudin F. , Belkacem K. , Cunha M. S. 
Published: May 2018

Context. The space-borne missions CoRoT and Kepler have provided photometric observations of unprecedented quality. The study of solar-like oscillations observed in red giant stars by these satellites allows a better understanding of the different physical processes occurring in their interiors. In particular, the study of the mode excitation and damping is a promising way to improve our understanding of stellar physics that has, so far, been performed only on a limited number of targets.
Aims. The recent asteroseismic characterization of the evolutionary status for a large number of red giants allows us to study the physical processes acting in the interior of red giants and how they are modified during stellar evolution. In this work, we aim to obtain information on the excitation and damping of pressure modes through the measurement of the stars’ pressure mode widths and amplitudes and to analyze how they are modified with stellar evolution. The objective is to bring observational constraints on the modeling of the physical processes behind mode excitation and damping.
Methods. We fit the frequency spectra of red giants with well-defined evolutionary status using Lorentzian functions to derive the pressure mode widths and amplitudes. To strengthen our conclusions, we used two different fitting techniques.
Results. Pressure mode widths and amplitudes were determined for more than 5000 red giants. With a stellar sample two orders of magnitude larger than previous results, we confirmed that the mode width depends on stellar evolution and varies with stellar effective temperature. In addition, we discovered that the mode width depends on stellar mass. We also confirmed observationally the influence of the stellar metallicity on the mode amplitudes, as predicted by models.
Acute Hip Abduction Fatigue on Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex Stability in Softball Players
Authors: Washington Jessica , Gilmer Gabrielle , Oliver Gretchen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring an overhead throw, the gluteal muscle group stabilizes the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC), leading to efficient energy transfer from the lower to upper extremity. It has been shown that LPHC instability can lead to throwing pathomechanics. The single leg squat has become a common assessment for LPHC stability, and could be used to determine the effects of fatigue on throwing athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute abduction fatigue protocol on the LPHC of collegiate softball players via the single leg squat assessment of the leg ipsilateral to the throwing arm. Eighteen National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I softball players volunteered (20.5±1.9 years; 169.4±10.0 cm; 72.9±11.5 kg). Each participant performed a single leg squat on the leg ipsilateral to the throwing arm prior to and post side-lying hip abduction fatigue. LPHC and lower extremity kinematics were examined to determine potential effects of fatigue on LPHC stability. There were no significant main effects or interactions of LPHC or lower extremity kinematics during the single leg squat assessments across the fatigue protocol. Based on the current study, an acute bout of fatigue to the hip abductors does not affect LPHC stability in single leg squat execution.
Spezifische Hautbeteiligung als erstes klinisches Symptom eines Hodgkin-Lymphoms
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova S. , Stassart R. , Slavkov D. , Beloia S.-D. , Monecke A. , Hammerschmidt D. , Bielfeld C. , Ziegler H. , Soos L. , Eickenscheidt L. , Kowalzick L. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Hodgkin-Lymphom ist eine maligne Erkrankung der Lymphknoten und des lymphatischen Systems, bei der zusätzlich weitere Organe befallen sein können. Bei etwa 15 % aller Lymphome handelt es sich um ein Hodgkin-Lymphom. Die Prognose des Hodgkin-Lymphoms ist im Allgemeinen gut. Auch in fortgeschritteneren Stadien beträgt die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate immer noch über 90 %. Eine Hautbeteiligung beim Hodgkin-Lymphom ist extrem selten und tritt vor allem im fortgeschrittenen Stadium der Krankheit auf. Die Prognose ist in diesen Fällen sehr schlecht. Die Behandlung von Patienten mit kutaner Beteiligung des Hodgkin-Lymphoms hängt vom Stadium der Erkrankung ab. Die Mehrheit der Daten basiert auf Einzelfällen oder Fallsammlungen. Wir berichten über einen Fall eines 37-jährigen Patienten, der aufgrund multipler Ulzerationen am vorderen Stamm bei uns vorstellig wurde und bei dem histologisch eine Hautbeteiligung eines noch nicht vorher bekannten Hodgkin-Lymphoms im Stadium IVAE nach modifizierter Ann-Arbor-Klassifikation diagnostiziert wurde.
Management von akutem Kreuzschmerz ohne Trauma – ein Algorithmus
Authors: Melcher Carolin , Wegener Bernd , Jansson Volkmar , Mutschler Wolf , Kanz Karl-Georg , Birkenmaier Christof 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Rückenschmerzen stellen ein häufiges Problem in Allgemeinarztpraxen, Spezialambulanzen und chirurgischen Notaufnahmen dar. Überwiegend handelt es sich um sog. „unkomplizierte“ Rückenschmerzen, jedoch können sich schwerwiegende Pathologien hinter dem Symptomkomplex „Kreuzschmerz“ verbergen. Gerade für unerfahrene Kollegen bleibt die Behandlung trotz vielfältiger Empfehlungen und Leitlinien der Fachgesellschaften schwierig, da kaum übersichtliche und schnell einzusehende Handlungsalgorithmen existieren.
Methode In der Literaturrecherche (Medline/Cochrane) wurden aus 15 000 Veröffentlichungen 158 relevante Artikel selektiert und entsprechend ihres Evidenzgrades klassifiziert. Diese wurden mit den Guidelines der Fachgesellschaften für Orthopädie und Schmerztherapie aus Europa, Nordamerika und Übersee sowie Erfahrungswerten der Spezialisten der LMU München abgestimmt, um sowohl eine Übereinstimmung mit den Empfehlungen der Literatur als auch eine Durchführbarkeit im Alltag zu gewährleisten und eine hohe Praxisnähe zu erzielen.
Ergebnis Entstanden ist ein Algorithmus, welcher die entscheidenden Differenzialdiagnosen des akuten Kreuzschmerzes ihrer Priorität entsprechend bearbeitet und einen Handlungsablauf von diagnostischen Maßnahmen und therapeutische Schritten vorgibt. Durch klare binäre Entscheidungen und daraus resultierenden Anweisungen sollen Patienten mit akuten Kreuzschmerzen jederzeit von Kollegen entsprechend den zugrunde liegenden Leitlinien behandelt, Notfälle erkannt, nicht notwendige Untersuchungen und Interventionen vermieden und die für die jeweilige Pathologie sinnvollen therapeutischen Maßnahmen eingeleitet werden können.
Schlussfolgerung Im Kontext der verfügbaren Evidenz entwickelten wir einen klinischen Algorithmus, der die komplexe Diagnostik von akutem Kreuzschmerz in einen transparenten, systematischen und strukturierten Leitfaden umsetzt.