bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Onset of Franciscan Subduction
Authors: Mulcahy Sean R. , Starnes Jesslyn K. , Day Howard W. , Coble Matthew A. , Vervoort Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Franciscan subduction complex of California is considered a type example of a subduction‐accretion system, yet the age of subduction initiation and relationship to the tectonic history of western North America remain controversial. Estimates for the timing of Franciscan subduction initiation are largely based either indirectly on regional tectonic arguments or from the ages of high‐grade blocks within mélange. Many of the high‐grade blocks record counterclockwise pressure‐temperature paths with early amphibolite overprinted by later eclogite and blueschist; however, their origin and significance with respect to subduction initiation have been debated. In contrast, some high‐grade blocks show evidence for clockwise pressure‐temperature paths and an early eclogite assemblage overprinted by later amphibolite. Zircon U‐Pb ages from inclusions in garnet and Lu‐Hf estimates of initial garnet growth ages from these samples record early eclogite metamorphism at ~176 Ma. Matrix zircon U‐Pb ages and Lu‐Hf estimates of final garnet growth ages record a barroisite‐amphibolite assemblage overprint of eclogite at ~160 Ma. Combined with petrologic data and existing geochronology, the data suggest that (1) Franciscan subduction was underway by no later than 180 Ma, (2) continuous subduction metamorphism occurred for at least 100 Ma, and (3) Franciscan subduction initiation predated the formation of the overlying Coast Range Ophiolite, supporting models that form the ophiolite above an east dipping Franciscan subduction zone.
The Dynamic Topography of Eastern China Since the Latest Jurassic Period
Authors: Cao Xianzhi , Flament Nicolas , Müller Dietmar , Li Sanzhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSome changes in the topography of eastern China since Late Jurassic times cannot be well explained by lithospheric deformation. Here we analyze global mantle flow models to investigate how mantle‐driven long‐wavelength topography may have contributed to shaping the surface topography of eastern China. Paleodrainage directions suggest that a southward tilted topography once existed in eastern north China in the latest Jurassic Period, which is different from that at present day (southeastward tilting). Our model dynamic topography reveals a southward tilting topography between 160 and 150 Ma, followed by southeastward tilting and rapid subsidence, which is compatible with paleodrainage directions and tectonic subsidence of the Ordos Basin. The Cretaceous anomalous subsidence of the Songliao and North Yellow Sea basins, as well as the Cenozoic anomalous subsidence of the East China Sea Shelf Basin, can also be explained by dynamic topography. An apatite fission track study in the Taihang Mountains reveals four stages of evolution: Late Jurassic fast unroofing, Cretaceous slow unroofing, early Cenozoic fast unroofing, and late Cenozoic slow unroofing. We propose that mantle flow influenced this surface unroofing because the model predicts Late Jurassic dynamic uplift, Cretaceous dynamic subsidence, early Cenozoic dynamic uplift, and late Cenozoic dynamic subsidence. Apatite fission track data from northern south China are also in reasonable agreement with predicted dynamic topography between 80 and 30 Ma. The spatial and temporal agreement between geological observations and model dynamic topography indicates that mantle flow has had a significant influence in shaping the surface topography of eastern China.
Tectonics and Paleomagnetic Rotation Pattern of Yunnan (24°N–25°N, China): Gaoligong Fault Shear Versus Megablock Drift
Authors: Pellegrino Alessandra G. , Zhang Bo , Speranza Fabio , Maniscalco Rosanna , Yin Congyuan , Hernandez‐Moreno Catalina , Winkler Aldo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA wealth of paleomagnetic data from Yunnan (China) showed in the past a predominant post‐Cretaceous clockwise (CW) rotation pattern, mostly explained invoking huge (hundreds of kilometer wide) blocks, laterally escaping (and/or rotating) due to India‐Asia collision, separated by major strike‐slip shear zones. Here we report on the paleomagnetism of the outcrops close to the Gaoligong dextral shear zone. Fifty paleomagnetic sites (503 samples) were sampled at variable distances (up to ~25 km) from mylonites exposed along the fault. Eighteen Jurassic‐Cretaceous red bed sites yield systematic CW rotations with respect to Eurasia that peak at maximum (176°) close to the fault, and progressively decrease moving eastward, up to be virtually annulled ~20 km east of mylonite contact. West of the fault, 15 Pliocene‐Holocene sites from the Tengchong volcanic field do not rotate. Thus, our data show that Gaoligong shear zone activity yielded significant CW rotations that were likely coeval to the main Oligo‐Miocene episodes of dextral fault shear. The Gaoligong zone rotation pattern conforms to a quasi‐continuous crust kinematic model and shows blocks of ≤1 km size close to the fault that enlarge moving eastward. Rotation values and width of the rotated‐deformed zone translate to a 230–290 km Gaoligong shear zone dextral offset. Our work shows that fault shear plays a significant role for Indochina CW rotation occurrence. However, significant rotations at distances >30 km from main faults were also documented, so that additional tectonics—whose relative relevance has not been elucidated yet—must contribute as well to the rotation pattern.
Crustal Structure and Continent‐Ocean Boundary Along the Galicia Continental Margin (NW Iberia): Insights From Combined Gravity and Seismic Interpretation
Authors: Druet M. , Muñoz‐Martín A. , Granja‐Bruña J. L. , Carbó‐Gorosabel A. , Acosta J. , Llanes P. , Ercilla G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe magma‐poor rifted continental margin of Galicia has an extremely complex structure. Its formation involved several rifting episodes that occurred ultimately during the early Cretaceous near a ridge triple junction, which produced a change in the orientation of the main structures in its transition to the north Iberia margin. In addition, there is a superimposed partial tectonic inversion along its northwest and northern border which developed from the Late Cretaceous to at least Oligocene times. The present study integrates a large volume of new geophysical information (mainly marine gravity data and 2‐D seismic reflection profiles) to provide insights on the formation of this rift system and on the development of its later inversion. The combined interpretation and modeling of this data enable the presentation of a new crustal and structural domain map for the whole Galicia margin. This includes the rift domains related to the extreme thinning of the crust and the lithospheric mantle (stretched, necking, and hyperextension and mantle exhumation domains), as well as a domain of intense compressional deformation. New constraints arise on the origin, the deep structure, and the characterization of the along‐ and across‐strike variation of the continent‐ocean transition of the margin, where a progressive change from hyperextension to partial inversion is observed. The development of both rifting and later partial tectonic inversion is influenced by the existence of former first‐order tectonic features. Most of the tectonic inversion is focused on the hyperextension and mantle exhumation domain, which in some areas of the northwestern margin is completely overprinted by compressional deformation.
Imaging a Crustal Low‐Velocity Layer Using Reflected Seismic Waves From the 2014 Earthquake Swarm at Long Valley Caldera, California: The Magmatic System Roof?
Authors: Nakata Nori , Shelly David R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe waveforms generated by the 2014 Long Valley Caldera earthquake swarm recorded at station MLH show clear reflected waves that are often stronger than direct P and S waves. With waveform analyses, we discover that these waves are reflected at the top of a low‐velocity body, which may be residual magma from the ∼767 ka caldera‐forming eruption. The polarity of the reflection compared to direct P and S waves suggests that the reflection is SP waves (S from hypocenters to reflector and then convert to P waves to the surface). Because the wavefields are coherent among different earthquakes and hold high signal‐to‐noise ratios, we apply them to a wavefield migration method for imaging reflectors. The depth of the imaged magmatic system roof is around 8.2 km below the surface. This is consistent with previous studies. Even though we use only one station and waveforms from one earthquake swarm, the dense cluster of accurately located earthquakes provides a high‐resolution image of the roof.
Far‐Ultraviolet Photometric Response of Apollo Soil 10084
Authors: Raut U. , Karnes P. L. , Retherford K. D. , Davis M. W. , Liu Y. , Gladstone G. R. , Patrick E. L. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Hendrix A. R. , Mokashi P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report new measurements of the far‐ultraviolet (FUV) bidirectional reflectance of Apollo soil 10084 from the Southwest Research Institute ultraviolet reflectance chamber. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function of this mare soil, enriched in Ti and Fe content, is rather featureless in the FUV wavelength region of 115–180 nm, except for a small blue slope, which is attributed to the effects of space weathering. This soil preferentially backscatters FUV photons as indicated by the angular distribution of the bidirectional reflectance. The phase curves are fitted with a simplified Hapke photometric model to derive the average volume single scattering albedo and scattering phase function of the mare lunar grains. The albedo values and the backscattering nature reported here are consistent with Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's Lyman‐Alpha Mapping Project ultraviolet imaging spectrograph observations, despite expected morphological differences.
Water Column Stratification in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean During the Mid‐Pleistocene Climate Transition
Authors: Billups Katharina , York Kelsee , Bradtmiller Louisa I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe use biogenic silica (opal) mass accumulating rates (MARs) at Ocean Drilling Program Site 745B to infer upwelling, and by extension upper water column stratification, on glacial to interglacial time scales during the mid‐Pleistocene climate transition (MPT; 1.2–0.6 Ma). Distinct variations in the percent biogenic silica content of the sediments parallel the global benthic foraminiferal δ18O stack affording the derivation of an orbital‐scale age model. Opal MARs confirm that silica production/preservation was indeed at a minimum at each of the glacial maxima during the entire MPT consistent with the late Pleistocene model that links upwelling of dissolved silica with water column stratification. A unique relationship between opal MARs and benthic foraminiferal δ13C values in the South Atlantic suggests that during the midpoint of the MPT stratification may also be causally related to deep water circulation. However, there is no evidence that cooling during the MPT and the evolution of the 100 kyr climate cycle are linked to changes in water column stratification. Terrigenous sediment MARs, on the other hand, which can be inferred from the proportion of biogenic silica in the sediments at this particular site, provide evidence for increased glacial activity on Antarctica beginning with the onset of the MPT and culminating in a maximum during its midpoint (Marine Isotope Stage 22, 0.9 Ma). Thereafter, glacial activity decreases and we speculate that the evolution of the 100 kyr cycle is associated with a thickening ice sheet after reaching maximum extent somewhat analogous to the processes proposed for Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
Localization optoacoustic tomography
Authors: Luís Dean-Ben X , Razansky Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLocalization-based imaging has revolutionized fluorescence optical microscopy and has also enabled unprecedented ultrasound images of microvascular structures in deep tissues. Herein, we introduce a new concept of localization optoacoustic tomography (LOT) that employs rapid sequential acquisition of three-dimensional optoacoustic images from flowing absorbing particles. We show that the new method enables breaking through the spatial resolution barrier of acoustic diffraction while further enhancing the visibility of structures under limited-view tomographic conditions. Given the intrinsic sensitivity of optoacoustics to multiple hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters, LOT may enable a new level of performance in studying functional and anatomical alterations of microcirculation.
Optically-controlled bacterial metabolite for cancer therapy
Authors: Zheng Di-Wei , Chen Ying , Li Zi-Hao , Xu Lu , Li Chu-Xin , Li Bin , Fan Jin-Xuan , Cheng Si-Xue , Zhang Xian-Zheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBacteria preferentially accumulating in tumor microenvironments can be utilized as natural vehicles for tumor targeting. However, neither current chemical nor genetic approaches alone can fully satisfy the requirements on both stability and high efficiency. Here, we propose a strategy of “charging” bacteria with a nano-photocatalyst to strengthen their metabolic activities. Carbon nitride (C3N4) is combined with Escherichia coli (E. coli) carrying nitric oxide (NO) generation enzymes for photo-controlled bacterial metabolite therapy (PMT). Under light irradiation, photoelectrons produced by C3N4 can be transferred to E. coli to promote the enzymatic reduction of endogenous NO3– to cytotoxic NO with a 37-fold increase. In a mouse model, C3N4 loaded bacteria are perfectly accumulated throughout the tumor and the PMT treatment results in around 80% inhibition of tumor growth. Thus, synthetic materials-remodeled microorganism may be used to regulate focal microenvironments and increase therapeutic efficiency.
RNA-guided transcriptional silencing in vivo with S. aureus CRISPR-Cas9 repressors
Authors: Thakore Pratiksha I. , Kwon Jennifer B. , Nelson Christopher E. , Rouse Douglas C. , Gemberling Matthew P. , Oliver Matthew L. , Gersbach Charles A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 transcriptional repressors have emerged as robust tools for disrupting gene regulation in vitro but have not yet been adapted for systemic delivery in adult animal models. Here we describe a Staphylococcus aureus Cas9-based repressor (dSaCas9KRAB) compatible with adeno-associated viral (AAV) delivery. To evaluate dSaCas9KRAB efficacy for gene silencing in vivo, we silenced transcription of Pcsk9, a regulator of cholesterol levels, in the liver of adult mice. Systemic administration of a dual-vector AAV8 system expressing dSaCas9KRAB and a Pcsk9-targeting guide RNA (gRNA) results in significant reductions of serum Pcsk9 and cholesterol levels. Despite a moderate host response to dSaCas9KRAB expression, Pcsk9 repression is maintained for 24 weeks after a single treatment, demonstrating the potential for long-term gene silencing in post-mitotic tissues with dSaCas9KRAB. In vivo programmable gene silencing enables studies that link gene regulation to complex phenotypes and expands the CRISPR-Cas9 perturbation toolbox for basic research and gene therapy applications.
High frequency temperature variability reduces the risk of coral bleaching
Authors: Safaie Aryan , Silbiger Nyssa J. , McClanahan Timothy R. , Pawlak Geno , Barshis Daniel J. , Hench James L. , Rogers Justin S. , Williams Gareth J. , Davis Kristen A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCoral bleaching is the detrimental expulsion of algal symbionts from their cnidarian hosts, and predominantly occurs when corals are exposed to thermal stress. The incidence and severity of bleaching is often spatially heterogeneous within reef-scales (<1 km), and is therefore not predictable using conventional remote sensing products. Here, we systematically assess the relationship between in situ measurements of 20 environmental variables, along with seven remotely sensed SST thermal stress metrics, and 81 observed bleaching events at coral reef locations spanning five major reef regions globally. We find that high-frequency temperature variability (i.e., daily temperature range) was the most influential factor in predicting bleaching prevalence and had a mitigating effect, such that a 1 °C increase in daily temperature range would reduce the odds of more severe bleaching by a factor of 33. Our findings suggest that reefs with greater high-frequency temperature variability may represent particularly important opportunities to conserve coral ecosystems against the major threat posed by warming ocean temperatures.
Polarization noise places severe constraints on coherence of all-normal dispersion femtosecond supercontinuum generation
Authors: Bravo Gonzalo Iván , Engelsholm Rasmus Dybbro , Sørensen Mads Peter , Bang Ole 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSupercontinuum (SC) generated with all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers has been of special interest in recent years due to its potentially superior coherence properties when compared to anomalous dispersion-pumped SC. However, care must be taken in the design of such sources since too long pump pulses and fiber length has been demonstrated to degrade the coherence. To assess the noise performance of ANDi fiber SC generation numerically, a scalar single-polarization model has so far been used, thereby excluding important sources of noise, such as polarization modulational instability (PMI). In this work we numerically study the influence of pump power, pulse length and fiber length on coherence and relative intensity noise (RIN), taking into account both polarization components in a standard ANDi fiber for SC generation pumped at 1064 nm. We demonstrate that the PMI introduces a power dependence not found in a scalar model, which means that even with short ~120 fs pump pulses the coherence of ANDi SC can be degraded at reasonable power levels above ~40 kW. We further demonstrate how the PMI significantly decreases the pump pulse length and fiber length at which the coherence of the ANDi SC is degraded. The numerical predictions are confirmed by RIN measurements of fs-pumped ANDi fiber SC.
Cytokine storms are primarily responsible for the rapid death of ducklings infected with duck hepatitis A virus type 1
Authors: Xie Jinyan , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun , Zhao Xin-Xin , Liu Mafeng , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun , Jia Renyong , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhang Shaqiu , Liu Yunya , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling , Sun Kunfeng , Chen Xiaoyue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most harmful pathogens in the duck industry. The infection of adult ducks with DHAV-1 was previously shown to result in transient cytokine storms in their kidneys. To understand how DHAV-1 infection impacts the host liver, we conducted animal experiments with the virulent CH DHAV-1 strain and the attenuated CH60 commercial vaccine strain. Visual observation and standard hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed to detect pathological damage in the liver, and viral copy numbers and cytokine expression in the liver were evaluated by quantitative PCR. The CH strain (108.4 copies/mg) had higher viral titers than the CH60 strain (104.9 copies/mg) in the liver and caused ecchymotic hemorrhaging on the liver surface. Additionally, livers from ducklings inoculated with the CH strain were significantly infiltrated by numerous red blood cells, accompanied by severe cytokine storms, but similar signs were not observed in the livers of ducklings inoculated with the CH60 strain. In conclusion, the severe cytokine storm caused by the CH strain apparently induces hemorrhagic lesions in the liver, which might be a key factor in the rapid death of ducklings.
Novel analysis of the Harderian gland transcriptome response to Newcastle disease virus in two inbred chicken lines
Authors: Deist Melissa S. , Gallardo Rodrigo A. , Bunn David A. , Kelly Terra R. , Dekkers Jack C. M. , Zhou Huaijun , Lamont Susan J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBehind each eye of the chicken resides a unique lymph tissue, the Harderian gland, for which RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis is novel. We characterized the response of this tissue to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in two inbred lines with different susceptibility to NDV across three time points. Three-week-old relatively resistant (Fayoumi) and relatively susceptible (Leghorn) birds were inoculated with a high-titered (107EID50) La Sota strain of NDV via an oculonasal route. At 2, 6, and 10 days post infection (dpi) Harderian glands were collected and analyzed via RNA-seq. The Fayoumi had significantly more detectable viral transcripts in the Harderian gland at 2 dpi than the Leghorn, but cleared the virus by 6 dpi. At all three time points, few genes were declared differentially expressed (DE) between the challenged and nonchallenged birds, except for the Leghorns at 6 dpi, and these DE genes were predicted to activate an adaptive immune response. Relative to the Leghorn, the Fayoumi was predicted to activate more immune pathways in both challenged and nonchallenged birds suggesting a more elevated immune system in the Fayoumis under homeostatic conditions. Overall, this study helped characterize the function of this important tissue and its response to NDV.
Sub-noxious Intravesical Lipopolysaccharide Triggers Bladder Inflammation and Symptom Onset in A Transgenic Autoimmune Cystitis Model: A MAPP Network Animal Study
Authors: Kogan Paul , Xu Suming , Wang Yaoqin , O’Donnell Michael A. , Lutgendorf Susan K. , Bradley Catherine S. , Schrepf Andrew , Kreder Karl J. , Luo Yi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) can potentially develop symptom flares after exposure to minor bladder irritants such as subclinical bacterial infection. To reproduce this symptom onset, we intravesically instilled a sub-noxious dose of uropathogenic E. coli component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in young URO-OVA/OT-I mice, a transgenic autoimmune cystitis model that spontaneously develops bladder inflammation at ≥10 weeks of age. Female URO-OVA/OT-I mice (6-weeks old) were treated intravesically with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS containing a sub-noxious dose (1 μg) of LPS. Mice were evaluated for bladder inflammation, pelvic pain, and voiding dysfunction at days 1, 7, and 14 post-treatment. Mice treated with LPS but not PBS developed early bladder inflammation with increased macrophage infiltration. Accordingly, the inflamed bladders expressed increased levels of mRNA for proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and pain mediator (substance P precursor). In addition, LPS-treated mice exhibited pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction such as increased urinary frequency and reduced bladder capacity. These functional changes sustained up to day 14 tested. Our results indicate that a single sub-noxious dose of intravesical LPS triggers early bladder inflammation and symptom onset in URO-OVA/OT-I mice, providing a useful model for IC/BPS symptom flare study.