bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein profiling of fine‐needle aspirates reveals subtype‐associated immune signatures and involvement of chemokines in breast cancer
Authors: Franzén Bo , Alexeyenko Andrey , Kamali‐Moghaddam Masood , Hatschek Thomas , Kanter Lena , Ramqvist Torbjörn , Kierkegaard Jonas , Masucci Giuseppe , Auer Gert , Landegren Ulf , Lewensohn Rolf 
Published: November 2018

There are increasing demands for informative cancer biomarkers, accessible via minimally invasive procedures, both for initial diagnostics and for follow‐up of personalized cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provides ready access to relevant tissue samples; however, the minute amounts of sample require sensitive multiplex molecular analysis to be of clinical biomarker utility. We have applied proximity extension assays (PEA) to analyze 167 proteins inFNAsamples from patients with breast cancer (BC;n = 25) and benign lesions (n = 32). We demonstrate that theFNA BCsamples could be divided into two main clusters, characterized by differences in expression levels of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the proliferation marker Ki67. This clustering corresponded to some extent to establishedBCsubtypes. Our analysis also revealed several proteins whose expression levels differed betweenBCand benign lesions (e.g.,CA9,GZMB,IL‐6,VEGFA,CXCL11,PDL1, andPCD1), as well as several chemokines correlating withERand Ki67 status (e.g.,CCL4,CCL8,CCL20,CXCL8,CXCL9, andCXCL17). Finally, we also identified three signatures that could predict Ki67 status,ERstatus, and tumor grade, respectively, based on a small subset of proteins, which was dominated by chemokines. To our knowledge, expression profiles ofCCL13 in benign lesions andBChave not previously been described but were shown herein to correlate with proliferation (P = 0.00095), suggesting a role in advancedBC. Given the broad functional range of the proteins analyzed, immune‐related proteins were overrepresented among the observed alterations. Our pilot study supports the emerging role of chemokines inBCprogression. Due to the minimally traumatic sampling and clinically important molecular information for therapeutic decisions, this methodology is promising for future immunoscoring and monitoring of treatment efficacy inBC.
Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Drug Response in Dynamic Bioengineered Lung Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Mani Vigneshwaran , Lyu Zhonglin , Kumar Vineet , Ercal Baris , Chen Hong , Malhotra Sanjay V. , Demirci Utkan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTumor microenvironment and the interplay of physical and mechanical forces are key determinants of cancer initiation, progression, and response to drug treatment. However, the impact of tumor microenvironment on cancer progression is poorly understood, in large due to the lack of in vitro models that recapitulate the physical aspects of tumor microenvironment. Herein, a simple, dynamic 3D nonsmall cell lung carcinoma culture using a multichannel microfluidic model platform is developed for evaluating the contribution of flow‐induced hydrodynamic shear stress on epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). It is found that flow induces changes in cellular morphology and EMT in 2D and 3D when lung cancer A549 cells are cultured on a microfluidic chip under laminar flow for 4–5 days compared to traditional static cultures. The role of dynamic cell culture on chemotherapeutic effects is monitored. Drug response with an existing anti‐cancer drug, e.g., erlotinib and an investigational drug (NSC‐750212), shows distinct cytotoxic effects in flow compared to static cultures, suggesting a potential influence of flow on drug efficacy in 2D and 3D models. The platform demonstrates the ability to create a dynamic microscale tumor model, which could be explored as a tool for early drug screening and treatment monitoring in cancer and other diseases.
An NIR‐II Fluorescence/Dual Bioluminescence Multiplexed Imaging for In Vivo Visualizing the Location, Survival, and Differentiation of Transplanted Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Dehua , Lin Suying , Wang Qianwu , Zhang Yejun , Li Chunyan , Ji Rui , Wang Mao , Chen Guangcun , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe in vivo distribution, viability, and differentiation capability of transplanted stem cells are vital for the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell–based therapy. Herein, an NIR‐II fluorescence/dual bioluminescence multiplexed imaging method covering the visible and the second near‐infrared window from 400 to 1700 nm is successfully developed for in vivo monitoring the location, survival, and osteogenic differentiation of transplanted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a calvarial defect mouse model. The exogenous Ag2S quantum dot–based fluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window is applied for visualizing the long‐term biodistribution of transplanted hMSCs. Endogenous red firefly luciferase (RFLuc)‐based bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and the collagen type 1 promoter–driven Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)‐based BLI are employed to report the survival and osteogenic differentiation statuses of the transplanted hMSCs. Meanwhile, by integrating the three imaging channels, multiple dynamic biological behaviors of transplanted hMSCs and the promotion effects of immunosuppression and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 on the survival and osteogenic differentiation of transplanted hMSCs are directly observed. The novel multiplexed imaging method can greatly expand the capability for multifunctional analysis of the fates and therapeutic capabilities of the transplanted stem cells, and aid in the improvement of stem cell–based regeneration therapies and their clinical translation.
Ultra‐Narrowband Metamaterial Absorbers for High Spectral Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kang Sungho , Qian Zhenyun , Rajaram Vageeswar , Calisgan Sila Deniz , Alù Andrea , Rinaldi Matteo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetamaterial perfect absorbers (MPAs) are artificial materials composed of an array of subwavelength structures that manipulate electromagnetic waves to achieve extraordinary light absorption properties. Driven by the advent of the Internet of Things, MPAs are employed in microelectromechanical systems for the development of efficient and miniaturized IR detectors, imagers, and spectrometers, thanks to their lithographically tunable peak absorption, spectral selectivity, and ultrathin thickness. MPAs characterized by high absorptance in narrow spectral bands are particularly desirable for the implementation of high‐resolution IR spectroscopic sensors. Yet, no accurate analytical model is currently available to guide the design of an MPA with ultra‐narrow absorption bandwidth, while meeting all the stringent requirements for spectroscopic sensors. Here, a circuit model capable of accurately predicting spectral responses of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) IR absorbers is reported. The model is experimentally validated in the mid‐wavelength IR spectral range and exploited for the first demonstration of an MIM IR absorber that exhibits performance approaching the predicted physical limits: full‐width at half‐maximum ≈3% and near‐unity absorption (η > 99.7%) at 5.83 µm wavelength, while independent of incident angle and polarization of the impinging IR radiation. These unprecedented absorption properties are key enablers for the development of miniaturized, low‐cost, and high‐resolution spectrometers.
The Role of Weak Molecular Dopants in Enhancing the Performance of Solution‐Processed Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Zongrui , Zou Ye , Chen Wangqiao , Huang Yinjuan , Yao Changjiang , Zhang Qichun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolecular doping is an effective method to enhance the charge carrier density for reducing the contact resistance and improving the charge mobility in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Previous reports mainly focus on the strong dopants with the EAdopant > IEOSC (p‐type) or IEdopant < EAOSC (n‐type) to enable the efficient charge transfer (EA: electron affinity; IE: ionization energy; OSC: organic semiconductor). However, the effects of weak dopants on the OFET performance of OSC are rarely investigated. Thus, in this study, it is demonstrated that two new fluorinated compounds (Tetrafluorophthalonitrile (TFP) and Octafluoronaphthalene (OFN)) can act as weak dopants in thin film of TIPS‐Pentacene (TIPS). Although they exhibit unmatched EAs (3.45 eV for TFP and 3.44 eV for OFN) compared to the IE (5.17 eV) of the host TIPS, they still can fulfill the p‐type doping with the OSC matrix. Systematic structural and electrical characterization reveals the important role of the formed charge‐transfer interaction and the improved crystallinity in enhancing the carrier mobility. The doped poly(3‐hexylthiophene) is also investigated to confirm the universality of the weak dopants. The study should provide a new thought for the exploitation of novel planar soluble weak dopants in OFETs.
The Critical Impact of Material and Process Compatibility on the Active Layer Morphology and Performance of Organic Ternary Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Joo‐Hyun , Schaefer Charley , Ma Tingxuan , Zhao Jingbo , Turner Johnathan , Ghasemi Masoud , Constantinou Iordania , So Franky , Yan He , Gadisa Abay , Ade Harald 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough ternary solar cells (TSCs) offer a cost‐effective prospect to expand the absorption bandwidth of organic solar cells, only few TSCs have succeeded in surpassing the performance of binary solar cells (BSCs) primarily due to the complicated morphology of the ternary blends. Here, the key factors that create and limit the morphology and performance of the TSCs are elucidated. The origin of morphology formation is explored and the role of kinetic factors is investigated. The results reveal that the morphology of TSC blends considered in this study are characterized with either a single length‐scale or two length‐scale features depending on the composition of the photoactive polymers in the blend. This asymmetric morphology development reveals that TSC blend morphology critically depends on material compatibility and polymer solubility. Most interestingly, the fill factor (FF) of TSCs is found to linearly correlate with the relative standard deviation of the fullerene distribution at small lengths. This is the first time that such a correlation has been shown for ternary systems. The criteria that uniform sized and highly pure amorphous domains are accomplished through the correct kinetic path to obtain a high FF for TSCs are specifically elucidated. The findings provide a critical insight for the precise design and processing of TSCs.
Is there a female disadvantage in child undernutrition in South India?: Exploring gender differences in height in infancy, childhood, and adolescence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Authors: Krishna Aditi , Oh Juhwan , Perkins Jessica M. , Lee Hwa‐Young , Heo Jongho , Lee Jong‐Koo , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether gender‐based disparities in health and well‐being extend to a female disadvantage in height in infancy, childhood, and adolescence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from the Young Lives study in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India, linear mixed effects and linear regression models examined associations between gender and height and the modifying influences of birth order and older siblings’ gender composition.ResultsIn the younger cohort, at 6‐18 months, girls were 0.17‐SDs of height for age z‐scores (HAZ) taller than boys (P = .01). In the same cohort, the girls’ advantage in HAZ was attenuated to 0.02 (P = .58) by 11‐12 years. In the older cohort, the difference in HAZ between girls and boys was 0.04 (P = .61) at the beginning of the study when they were 7‐8 years old; by 18‐19 years of age, the difference had switched, with boys being 0.22‐SD (P = .05) taller. There was no difference by birth order except in the younger cohort in which children with 2 or more siblings experienced height deficits compared with only children at 7‐8 and 11‐12 years. There was no differential effect of gender by birth order nor by the gender composition of siblings.ConclusionA female disadvantage in undernutrition, as manifest in differences between girls and boys in HAZ, did not appear until later ages. Identifying how and why gendered disparities in standardized height emerge in late adolescence will help target more resources to improve conditions for girls and women in south India.
Eintauchen in den Sequenzraum der Thiolacton‐Präzisionspolymere: eine kombinatorische Strategie zur Identifizierung funktionaler Domänen
Authors: Celasun Sensu , Remmler Dario , Schwaar Timm , Weller Michael G. , Du Prez Filip , Börner Hans G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFunktionale Sequenzen, die mit m‐THPC, einem Photosensibilisator der zweiten Generation, spezifisch wechselwirken, werden gezielt aus einer kombinatorischen Thiolacton/Michael‐Oligomer‐Bibliothek selektiert. Die Sequenzierung erfolgt mittels MALDI‐TOF MS/MS und liefert Bindedomänen, die als Teil von Tla/Michael‐PEG‐Konjugaten m‐THPC effektiv binden und solubilisieren. Die Beladungskapazitäten und die Wirkstofffreisetzungskinetiken können dabei durch Variation des Bindesegments justiert werden.
A Z‐Scheme‐Inspired Photobioelectrochemical H2O/O2 Cell with a 1 V Open‐Circuit Voltage Combining Photosystem II and PbS Quantum Dots
Authors: Riedel Marc , Wersig Julia , Ruff Adrian , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Zouni Athina , Lisdat Fred 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA biohybrid photobioanode mimicking the Z‐scheme has been developed by functional integration of photosystem II (PSII) and PbS quantum dots (QDs) within an inverse opal TiO2 architecture giving rise to a rather negative water oxidation potential of about −0.55 V vs. Ag/AgCl, 1 m KCl at neutral pH. The electrical linkage between both light‐sensitive entities has been established through an Os‐complex‐modified redox polymer (POs), which allows the formation of a multi‐step electron‐transfer chain under illumination starting with the photo‐activated water oxidation at PSII followed by an electron transfer from PSII through POs to the photo‐excited QDs and finally to the TiO2 electrode. The photobioanode was coupled to a novel, transparent, inverse‐opal ATO cathode modified with an O2‐reducing bilirubin oxidase for the construction of a H2O/O2 photobioelectrochemical cell reaching a high open‐circuit voltage of about 1 V under illumination.
Controlled Construction of Cyclic d / l Peptide Nanorods
Authors: Silk Mitchell R. , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Sampson Joanne B. , Scanlon Martin J. , Thompson Philip E. , Chalmers David K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCyclic d / l peptides (CPs) assemble spontaneously via backbone H‐bonding to form extended nanostructures. These modular materials have great potential as versatile bionanomaterials. However, the useful development of CP nanomaterials requires practical methods to direct and control their assembly. In this work, we present novel, heterogeneous, covalently linked CP tetramers that achieve local control over the CP subunit order and composition through coupling of amino acid side‐chains using copper‐activated azide–alkyne cycloaddition and disulfide bond formation. Cryo‐transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of highly ordered, fibrous nanostructures, while NMR studies showed that these systems have strong intramolecular H‐bonding in solution. The introduction of inter‐CP tethers is expected to enable the development of complex nanomaterials with controllable chemical properties, facilitating the development of precisely functionalized or “decorated” peptide nanostructures.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Coupling of Indoles and 7‐Azabenzonorbornadienes by C−H Activation/Desymmetrization
Authors: Yang Xifa , Zheng Guangfan , Li Xingwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChiral rhodium(III) cyclopentadienyl catalysts (CpXRhIII) play significant roles in asymmetric arene C−H activation. Rh/Ir‐catalyzed couplings of arenes and strained rings have been well‐studied, but they have been limited to racemic systems. Reported in this work is the CpxRhIII/AgSbF6‐catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrizative C−C coupling of N‐pyrimidylindoles and 7‐azabenzonorbornadienes with high efficiency and enantioselectivity. The role of AgSbF6 has been established by mechanistic studies. AgSbF6 enhances the catalytic activity by suppressing the C3−H activation of the indoles, activation which would otherwise lead to catalytically inactive species.
Metal‐Ligand Cooperative Synthesis of Benzonitrile by Electrochemical Reduction and Photolytic Splitting of Dinitrogen
Authors: Schendzielorz Florian , Finger Markus , Abbenseth Josh , Würtele Christian , Krewald Vera , Schneider Sven 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThermal nitrogen fixation relies on strong reductants to overcome the extraordinarily large N−N bond energy. Photochemical strategies that drive N2 fixation are scarcely developed. Here, the synthesis of a dinuclear N2‐bridged complex is presented upon reduction of a rhenium(III) pincer platform. Photochemical splitting into terminal nitride complexes is triggered by visible light. Clean nitrogen transfer with benzoyl chloride to free benzamide and benzonitrile is enabled by cooperative 2 H+/2 e− transfer of the pincer ligand. A three‐step cycle is demonstrated for N2 to nitrile fixation that relies on electrochemical reduction, photochemical N2‐splitting and thermal nitrogen transfer.
Targeting Vacancies in Nitridosilicates: Aliovalent Substitution of M2+ (M=Ca, Sr) by Sc3+ and U3+
Authors: Bielec Philipp , Eisenburger Lucien , Deubner H. Lars , Günther Daniel , Kraus Florian , Oeckler Oliver , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBased on the known linking options of their fundamental building unit, that is the SiN4 tetrahedron, nitridosilicates belong to the inorganic compound classes with the greatest structural variability. Although facilitating the discovery of novel Si–N networks, this variability represents a challenge when targeting non‐stoichometric compounds. Meeting this challenge, a strategy for targeted creation of vacancies in highly condensed nitridosilicates by exchanging divalent M2+ for trivalent M3+ using the ion exchange approach is reported. As proof of concept, the first Sc and U nitridosilicates were prepared from α‐Ca2Si5N8 and Sr2Si5N8. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron single‐crystal XRD showed random vacancy distribution in Sc0.2Ca1.7Si5N8, and partial vacancy ordering in U0.5xSr2−0.75xSi5N8 with x≈1.05. The high chemical stability of U nitridosilicates makes them interesting candidates for immobilization of actinides.
Synthesis of (+)‐Darwinolide, a Biofilm‐Penetrating Anti‐MRSA Agent
Authors: Siemon Thomas , Steinhauer Simon , Christmann Mathias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDarwinolide, a recently identified marine natural product from the Antarctic sponge Dendrilla membranosa, was previously shown to exhibit promising activity against the biofilm phase of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Its challenging tetracyclic rearranged spongian diterpenoid structure links a trimethylcyclohexyl subunit to a seven‐membered core with two fused tetrahydrofuran units. Herein, we describe the first synthesis of (+)‐darwinolide, which features a convergent aldol fragment coupling, an Ireland–Claisen rearrangement, and an organocatalytic desymmetrization as the key steps. Our results provide a foundation for the development of novel antibiofilm‐specific antibiotics.
Synthesis and Derivatization of 1,1‐[18F]Difluorinated Alkenes
Authors: Frost Aileen B. , Brambilla Marta , Exner Rüdiger M. , Tredwell Matthew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA general method for the synthesis of 1,1‐[18F]difluorinated alkenes from [18F]fluoride is reported. This transformation is highly regioselective giving the desired 18F‐fluoroalkenes with radiochemical purities of up to 77 % within 20 minutes and a molar activity (Am) of 1 GBq μmol−1. The transformations are operationally simple to perform and were readily translated onto a commercial automated synthesis unit. The resultant 1,1‐[18F]difluorinated alkene motif is prevalent in numerous drug molecules, and this is the first general method to synthesize this motif with fluorine‐18. 18F‐fluorinated alkenes are excellent building blocks and participate in a number of post‐labeling transformations to access a range of 18F‐perfluorinated functional groups that have never before been radiolabeled with non‐carrier‐added [18F]fluoride. This method considerably expands the range of 18F‐motifs accessible to radiochemists.
Size distribution of bubbles in agitated viscous Newtonian and non‐Newtonian solutions
Authors: Momiroski Vinko , Bhattacharya Sati , Davoody Meysam , Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz Bin , Parthasarathy Rajarathinam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effects of impeller type, Newtonian shear thinning liquid viscosities, and noncoalescing conditions on the impeller gas cavities, impeller power consumption, and Sauter mean bubble diameter (d32) in a multiphase agitated vessel were systematically studied. An underwater recording technique was used to study gas cavities and bubble size in various operating and design conditions. The gas cavity images were used to relate d32 to gas cavity structure. It was observed that d32 values increase with an increase in Newtonian and shear thinning liquid viscosities. Results also indicate that impellers operating in shear thinning liquids consume higher gassed power at the same operating conditions compared with those in Newtonian fluids. In addition, the d32 values in noncoalescing liquids are substantially smaller compared with those in coalescing solutions at the same Pg/V. Mathematical correlations are proposed for estimating the d32 in the impeller discharge stream and Pg/V in viscous Newtonian and non‐Newtonian solutions.
A Comparison of Common Hippopotamus (Artiodactyla) and Mysticete (Cetacea) Nostrils: An Open and Shut Case
Authors: Maust‐Mohl Maria , Reiss Diana , Reidenberg Joy S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTHippos are considered the closest living relatives to cetaceans and they have some similar adaptations for aquatic living, such as a modified respiratory tract. Behavioral observations of male and female common hippos (Hippopotamus amphibius) at Disney's Animal Kingdom® and the Adventure Aquarium were conducted to describe and examine movements of the nostrils during respiration (inspiration, expiration, and inter‐breath interval). The hippo nostril is a crescent shaped opening with lateral and medial aspects that are mobile and can be adducted and abducted to regulate the nostril opening. Notably, the default (resting) position of the nostrils is closed during the inter‐breath interval, even when hippos are resting in water and their heads are not submerged. Similar to cetaceans, this aquatic adaptation protects the respiratory tract from an accidental incursion of water that can occur even when the nostrils are above water. Dissection of a deceased captive common hippo suggests there are separate muscles that pull the medial and lateral aspects for abduction. The internal nasal passage has a nasal plug that is similar in shape but less pronounced than the nasal plugs of two baleen whale species studied (minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, fin whale Balaenoptera physalus). Examination of the musculature suggests fibers attach from the premaxillae and extend caudally to retract the plug to open the nasal passage. We discuss similarities and differences of the nostrils/blowholes of fully aquatic, semi‐aquatic, and terrestrial species to assess adaptations related to environmental conditions that may be convergent or derived from a common ancestor. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:693–702, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.