bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of monoclonal antibodies in a stirred cell with polyethyleneimine‐modified polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Wagner Alexandra , Ferraria Ana M , Do Rego Ana MB , Mateus Marília , Azevedo Ana M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCharged ultrafiltration membranes combined with optimal operating conditions can be used to enable monoclonal antibody purification. Positively charged ligands bound to the membrane surface can significantly contribute to the adsorption of negatively charged proteins and enhance the purification process.RESULTSIn this work, commercially available 500 kDa polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes were modified by sulfonation, followed by deposition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and crosslinking with butanedioldiglycidylether. Polymer molecules of 2 and 10 kDa were used to evaluate how polymer size influences the fractionation of a harvested Chinese hamster ovary cell culture fluid containing a monoclonal antibody by ultrafiltration at different operational pH values. The precursor and modified membranes were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful modification of membranes. Nitrogen analysis showed the presence of amine groups, clearly confirming immobilization of PEI onto the membrane surface. When 10 kDa PEI is chosen for membrane modification, the intensity of this signal increases, as predicted for a higher‐molecular‐weight polymer. Ultrafiltration performance indicators (fluxes, transmissions, yields) were determined and compared for the modified and precursor membranes, with the PEI‐derived membranes showing ability for pH modulation of selectivity.CONCLUSIONHigh purities were consistently observed at pH 9 owing to a simultaneous decrease in the transmission of soluble protein and increase in both IgG transmission and adsorptive capacity of the membranes. A single‐step process at pH 9 renders a permeate with an antibody purity of 96%, using a non‐crosslinked membrane modified with 10 kDa PEI. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Artificial intelligence in the interpretation of breast cancer on MRI
Authors: Sheth Deepa , Giger Maryellen L. 
Published: July 2019

Advances in both imaging and computers have led to the rise in the potential use of artificial intelligence (AI) in various tasks in breast imaging, going beyond the current use in computer‐aided detection to include diagnosis, prognosis, response to therapy, and risk assessment. The automated capabilities of AI offer the potential to enhance the diagnostic expertise of clinicians, including accurate demarcation of tumor volume, extraction of characteristic cancer phenotypes, translation of tumoral phenotype features to clinical genotype implications, and risk prediction. The combination of image‐specific findings with the underlying genomic, pathologic, and clinical features is becoming of increasing value in breast cancer. The concurrent emergence of newer imaging techniques has provided radiologists with greater diagnostic tools and image datasets to analyze and interpret. Integrating an AI‐based workflow within breast imaging enables the integration of multiple data streams into powerful multidisciplinary applications that may lead the path to personalized patient‐specific medicine. In this article we describe the goals of AI in breast cancer imaging, in particular MRI, and review the literature as it relates to the current application, potential, and limitations in breast cancer.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1310–1324.
Preclinical Optical Imaging to Study Pathogenesis, Novel Therapeutics and Diagnostics Against Orthopaedic Infection
Authors: Thompson John M. , Miller Lloyd S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPreclinical in vivo optical imaging includes bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI), which provide noninvasive and longitudinal monitoring of biological processes in an in vivo context. In vivo BLI involves the detection of photons of light from bioluminescent bacteria engineered to naturally emit light in preclinical animal models of infection. Meanwhile, in vivo FLI involves the detection of photons of a longer emission wavelength of light after exposure of a fluorophore to a shorter excitation wavelength of light. In vivo FLI has been used in preclinical animal models to detect fluorescent‐labeled host proteins or cells (often in engineered fluorescent reporter mice) to understand host‐related processes, or to detect injectable near‐infrared fluorescent probes as a novel approach for diagnosing infection. This review describes the use of in vivo optical imaging in preclinical models of orthopaedic implant‐associated infection (OIAI), including (i) pathogenesis of the infectious course, (ii) monitoring efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy and (iii) evaluating novel near‐infrared fluorescent probes for diagnosing infection. Finally, we describe optoacoustic imaging and fluorescence image‐guided surgery, which are recent technologies that have the potential to translate to diagnosing and treating OIAI in humans. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2269–2277, 2019
Prevotella intermedia and periodontitis are associated with severe asthma
Authors: Lopes Mabel P. , Cruz Álvaro A. , Xavier Márcia T. , Stöcker Andreas , Carvalho‐Filho Paulo , Miranda Patrícia M. , Meyer Roberto J. , Soledade Kaliane R. , Gomes‐Filho Isaac S. , Trindade Soraya C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis, an inflammatory disease of multibacterial etiology that affects the protective and supporting tissues surrounding teeth, can influence the course of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, due to epithelial alterations arising from inflammatory and immunological processes, bronchial remodeling, or by the aspiration of pathogenic colonizers found in periodontal pockets. This study evaluated the levels of periodontal pathogens Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with and without severe asthma.MethodsA case‐control study enrolling 457 individuals (220 with asthma and 237 without asthma) was conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR) Clinic located in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle habits. A clinical periodontal assessment was performed, including bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Subgingival biofilm was collected at the deepest site of each sextant, and bacterial DNA was extracted. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis was performed to detect and relatively quantify periodontopathogens in the biofilm.ResultsStatistically significant positive associations were found between periodontitis and severe asthma, (odds ratio [OR]adjusted]: 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26 to 7.10). High levels of P. intermedia were found in association with the presence of severe asthma (ORadjusted: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.62 to 4.39; P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe present results suggest that periodontitis and P. intermedia are associated with severe asthma. However, the functional consequences of this dysbiosis upon asthma susceptibility and its phenotypes remain unclear.
A point‐of‐care test of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 predicts triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) levels in saliva
Authors: Räisänen Ismo T. , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Pakbaznejad Esmaeili Elmira , Tervahartiala Taina , Pajukanta Riitta , Silbereisen Angelika , Bostanci Nagihan , Sorsa Timo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis cross‐sectional study aims to investigate if a point‐of‐care (PoC) test of active matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8) predicts levels of inflammation amplifier triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) and its putative ligand the neutrophil peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) in saliva.MethodsForty‐seven adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, were tested with aMMP‐8 PoC test, which was followed by a full‐mouth clinical examination of the assessment of periodontal, mucosal, and oral health. TREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 levels were analyzed by ELISA. The immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) specific for aMMP‐8 was used as the reference method.ResultsFourteen saliva samples out of a total of 47 showed positivity for aMMP‐8 PoC test. Both the TREM‐1 and the aMMP‐8 (IFMA) levels were significantly elevated among the aMMP‐8 PoC test positives compared with the PoC test negatives (P < 0.05). Moreover, aMMP‐8 levels assessed by IFMA showed a strong positive correlation with TREM‐1 levels in saliva (r = 0.777, P < 0.001). The number of sites with a probing depth of ≥4 mm was significantly lower among the adolescents that had a negative aMMP‐8 PoC test result, and TREM‐1 levels < 75 pg/mL (P < 0.05). In contrast, adolescents with a positive aMMP‐8 PoC test result (i.e., elevated aMMP‐8 levels) together with elevated TREM‐1 levels had a significantly higher number of periodontal pockets with ≥4 mm (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study validated usability of aMMP‐8 PoC test for predicting “proinflammatory” salivary profile and periodontal health status in adolescents.
On the microstructure and the origin of intermetallic phase seams in magnetic pulse welding of aluminum and steel
Authors: Böhme M. , Sharafiev S. , Schumacher E. , Böhm S. , Wagner M.F.X. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe microstructure of aluminum‐steel compounds fabricated by magnetic pulse welding are investigated. Electron backscatter diffraction, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the existence of several different phases along the weld seam. While one layer could be identified as aluminum solid solution, a very thin layer close to the steel side of the compound eluded detailed characterization by scanning electron microscopy techniques. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction investigations of this layer revealed a mix of nanocrystalline and amorphous parts. When ambient pressure was reduced to 1 mbar during welding, no interlayers were observed in the samples. This suggests that the interlayers are precipitates of the jet that is formed during conventional impact welding.
3D cold pressure welded components – From the bonding mechanisms to the production of high strength joints
Authors: Gerlitzky C. , Kuhn C. , Groche P. , Tran T.H. , Zhang S. , Peter N.J. , Rohwerder M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive analysis of the bonding mechanism involved in the formation of highly stable cold pressure welded aluminum‐steel components is presented. After identification of relevant process steps to realize bonding the process is modified. Focusing on surface preparation methods, systematic manipulations are employed to identify the relevant parameters promoting the bond formation. The analysis is carried out by tensile stress testing of micro and macro samples as well as high resolution imaging of the joint zone. The results are enables in a deeper understanding of the bonding mechanism.
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Total Protein and Protein Fractions Digests Reduce Biomarkers of Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Macrophages In Vitro
Authors: Grancieri Mariana , Martino Hercia Stampini Duarte , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira 
Published: July 2019

ScopeThe objectives are to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atherosclerotic effects of digested total protein and digested protein fractions from chia seed in macrophages in vitro.Methods and resultsTotal protein and protein fractions (albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin) are isolated from chia seed and digested using simulated gastrointestinal conditions, resulting in digested total protein (DTP) and digested protein fractions (DPF). DTP and DPF are applied (1.0 mg mL−1) in RAW 264.4 macrophages stimulated with LPS (1 µg mL−1) for inflammation or ox‐LDL (80 µg mL−1) for atherosclerosis. In the inflammatory process, DTP and DPF reduce p‐NF‐κB, iNOS, p‐JNK, and AP‐1. Digested glutelin reduces the secretion of nitric oxide (65.1%), reactive oxygen species (19.7%), prostaglandins (34.6%), TNF‐α (24.1%), MCP‐1 (18.9%), IL‐6 (39.6%), and IL‐10 (68.7%). DTP and DPF reduce the NF‐κB translocation to nuclei. DTP and digested glutelin reduce iCAM expression (86.4%, 80.8%), LOX‐1 (37.3%, 35.7%), iNOS (67.0%, 42.2%), and NF‐κB (57.5%, 71.1%). DTP is effective in reducing secretion of nitric oxide (43.4%), lipid accumulation (41.9%), prostaglandins (41.9%), TNF‐α (43.3%), MCP‐1 (47.6%), and IL‐6 (50.5%). Peptides from chia DTP and DPF are also characterized.ConclusionDTP and digested glutelin from chia seed reduce expression and secretion of markers related to inflammation and atherosclerosis pathways.
Anti‐Diabetic, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Anti‐Oxidant Effects of Naringenin in an In Vitro Human Model and an In Vivo Murine Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nguyen‐Ngo Caitlyn , Willcox Jane C , Lappas Martha 
Published: July 2019

ScopeGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which affects up to 20% of pregnant women, is associated with maternal peripheral insulin resistance, low‐grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. The flavonoid naringenin has potent anti‐diabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidative properties; however, its effects in GDM remain unknown. The study aimed to determine the effects of naringenin on glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with GDM both in vitro and in vivo.Methods and resultsIn vitro, human tissue samples obtained at term elective Caesarean section are stimulated with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) to develop a GDM‐like environment. Naringenin treatment significantly improves TNF‐impaired glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), naringenin significantly reduces expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and increases antioxidant mRNA expression. Mechanistically, naringenin suppresses nuclear factor κB activation. In vivo, pregnant heterozygous db/+ mice are used to model GDM. Daily intraperitoneal injections of GDM mice with naringenin from gestational day 10–17 significantly improve glucose tolerance, reduces IL1A mRNA expression, and increases antioxidant mRNA expression in placenta, VAT, and subcutaneous adipose tissue.ConclusionNaringenin is shown to improve insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with GDM and shows promise as a novel preventive therapeutic.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in a High‐Fat Diet and Niacin Protect from White Fat Dysfunction in the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Montserrat‐de la Paz Sergio , Naranjo Maria C. , Millan‐Linares Maria C. , Lopez Sergio , Abia Rocio , Biessen Erik A. L. , Muriana Francisco J. G. , Bermudez Beatriz 
Published: July 2019

ScopeObesity is a principal causative factor of metabolic syndrome. Niacin potently regulates lipid metabolism. Replacement of saturated fatty acids by MUFAs or inclusion of omega‐3 long‐chain PUFAs in the diet improves plasma lipid levels. However, the potential benefits of niacin in combination with MUFAs or omega‐3 long‐chain PUFAs against white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction in the high fat diet (HFD)‐induced metabolic syndrome are unknown.Methods and resultsMale Lepob/obLDLR−/− mice are fed a chow diet or HFDs based on milk cream (21% kcal), olive oil (21% kcal), or olive oil (20% kcal) plus 1% kcal from eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, including immediate‐release niacin (1% w/v) in drinking water, for 8 weeks. Mice are then phenotyped. Dietary MUFAs are identified as positive regulators of adipose NAD+ signaling pathways by triggering NAD+ biosynthesis via the salvage pathway. This coexists with overexpression of genes involved in recognition of NAD+ and fatty acids, a surrounding lipid environment dominated by exogenous oleic acid and an alternatively activated macrophage profile, which culminate in a healthy expansion of WAT and improvement of several hallmarks that typify the metabolic syndrome.ConclusionNiacin in combination with dietary MUFAs can favor WAT homeostasis in the development of HFD‐induced obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Influence of Age on Pearl Production Performance, Enzymatic Activity, and Immune-Related Gene Expression of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii
Authors: Adzigbli Linda , Yu Wanmei , Li Junhui , Yang Chuangye , Deng Yuewen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the influences of age on the pearl production performance and innate immune responses of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. Two age-groups (group A: 1.5 years of age; group B: 2.5 years of age) were subjected to a nucleus insertion operation. The immune- and antioxidant-related enzymatic activities and expression levels of immune-related genes in both groups were evaluated 3 d after the nucleus insertion operation. The survival rate, retention rate, and biomineralization capacity of the groups were examined when the pearls were harvested. The results showed that the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the expressions of the SOD, GPx, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and HSP90 genes were significantly higher in group A than in group B 3 d after the nucleus insertion operation (P &lt; 0.05). Group A had a significantly higher survival rate than group B at 3, 7, and 30 d after the operation and at harvest. Group A had a significantly higher retention rate and pearl thickness than group B at harvest. The expression levels of the biomineralization genes for nacrein and pearlin were significantly higher in group A than in group B (P &lt; 0.05), whereas expression of the biomineralization gene for Pif-177 was significantly higher in group B. Collectively, these results suggested that 1.5-year-old pearl oysters have better pearl production performance and innate immune response to nucleus insertion operations, so selecting young pearl oysters to use as host and donor oysters shows promise as a process for improving the quality of cultured pearls.
Higher‐order and higher floating‐point precision numerical approximations of finite strain elasticity moduli
Authors: Connolly Stephen John , Mackenzie Donald , Gorash Yevgen 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTwo real‐domain numerical approximation methods for accurate computation of finite strain elasticity moduli are developed and their accuracy and computational efficiency are investigated, with reference to hyperelastic constitutive models with known analytical solutions. The methods are higher‐order and higher floating‐point precision numerical approximation, the latter being novel in this context. A general formula for higher‐order approximation finite difference schemes is derived and a new procedure is proposed to implement increased floating‐point precision. The accuracy of the approximated elasticity moduli is investigated numerically using higher‐order approximations in standard double precision and increased quadruple precision. It is found that, as the order of the approximation increases, the elasticity moduli tend toward the analytical solution. Using higher floating‐point precision, the approximated elasticity moduli for all orders of approximation are found to be more accurate than the standard double precision evaluation of the analytical moduli. Application of the techniques to a finite element problem shows that the numerically approximated methods obtain convergence equivalent to the analytical method but require greater computational effort. It is concluded that numerical approximation of elasticity moduli is a powerful and effective means of implementing advanced constitutive models in the finite element method without prior derivation of difficult analytical solutions.
Health products’ and substance use among pregnant women visiting a tertiary hospital in Belgium: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ceulemans Michael , Van Calsteren Kristel , Allegaert Karel , Foulon Veerle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence and type of health products used among pregnant women visiting a tertiary hospital in Belgium, as well as who advises these products, where women buy these products, which determinants are associated with medication and pregnancy vitamin intake, and preconception lifestyle changes such as folic acid intake and substance use.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed at the outpatient obstetrics clinics of the University Hospital Leuven, Belgium between November 2016 and March 2017. All pregnant women 18 years and older and understanding Dutch, French, or English were asked to participate in an online survey.ResultsIn total, 379 pregnant women participated. Prevalence of medication use during the preceding week was 52%. Paracetamol (14%), levothyroxine (13%), and antacids (9%) were the most frequently used medicines. Pregnancy vitamins were used by 86% of women, and 97% had used a pregnancy vitamin somewhere during pregnancy. Only 56% initiated folic acid supplementation at least 1 month before pregnancy. Preconception use of folic acid among women following assisted reproductive technology was 73%. Inappropriate use of health products was observed among 3% of women. Prevalence of alcohol use and/or smoking during the preceding week was 6%. Alcohol and smoking cessation mainly occurred after pregnancy diagnosis.ConclusionPregnant women living in Belgium frequently use medicines, pregnancy vitamins, and other health products. Preconception lifestyle changes such as folic acid intake and alcohol and smoking cessation are poorly implemented. Public campaigns and interventions are needed to improve preconception care and counselling.
An overview of structure, function, and regulation of pyruvate kinases
Authors: Schormann Norbert , Hayden Katherine L. , Lee Paul , Banerjee Surajit , Chattopadhyay Debasish 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the last step of glycolysis Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the irreversible conversion of ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate to ATP and pyruvic acid, both crucial for cellular metabolism. Thus pyruvate kinase plays a key role in controlling the metabolic flux and ATP production. The hallmark of the activity of different pyruvate kinases is their tight modulation by a variety of mechanisms including the use of a large number of physiological allosteric effectors in addition to their homotropic regulation by phosphoenolpyruvate. Binding of effectors signals precise and orchestrated movements in selected areas of the protein structure that alter the catalytic action of these evolutionarily conserved enzymes with remarkably conserved architecture and sequences. While the diverse nature of the allosteric effectors has been discussed in the literature, the structural basis of their regulatory effects is still not well understood because of the lack of data representing conformations in various activation states. Results of recent studies on pyruvate kinases of different families suggest that members of evolutionarily related families follow somewhat conserved allosteric strategies but evolutionarily distant members adopt different strategies. Here we review the structure and allosteric properties of pyruvate kinases of different families for which structural data are available.