bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new circulation index for the detection of monsoon intensity
Authors: Wilson Shinu Sheela , Mohanakumar Kesavapillai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Asian summer monsoon is characterized by the presence of a low‐level westerly jet stream (LLJ) in the lower troposphere and a tropical easterly jet stream (TEJ) in the upper troposphere. It is interesting to develop an index based on the vertical zonal wind shear and associated rainfall intensity over a monsoon region. The conventional method used to estimate wind shear takes the difference in wind speed between the zonal winds at 850 and 200 hPa. These two fixed levels do not represent the maximum wind speeds at these altitudes and therefore fail to obtain the maximum vertical wind shear. In this study, we propose a new index (the Shinu Mohan [SM] index) by defining the vertical zonal wind shear between the core heights of the low‐level jet stream in the lower troposphere and the TEJ in the upper troposphere, which represents the maximum zonal wind shear in a vertical column of the atmosphere over the summer monsoon region. The core heights of the LLJ and TEJ vary depending on the terrain and the strength of the monsoon circulation. The SM index provides precise vertical shear at each grid point and represents better spatial variability under different terrain conditions. Vertical shear plays a major role in convection and the production of rainfall over a region. Vertical wind shear during extreme monsoon events and the active and break spells of monsoons were analysed by using the SM index and conventional indices. It is interesting to note that the newly defined SM index gives a much better representation of the monsoon intensity compared to conventional indices.
An approach to analysis of primary amines by a combination of thin‐layer chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry in conjunction with post‐chromatographic derivatization
Authors: Borisov Roman , Esparza Cesar , Polovkov Nikolai , Topolyan Artyom , Zaikin Vladimir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn‐spot derivatization has been suggested for the modification of primary amine containing compounds for their analysis by thin‐layer chromatography hyphenated with matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The proposed approach was based on post‐chromatographic treatment of separated analytes inside the chromatographic zones on the thin‐layer chromatography plates by tris(2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl)methilium reagent. The derivatives, containing permanent positive charge, reveal exceptionally intense peaks of their cationic moieties and high signal/noise ratio in mass spectra recorded directly from the plates. The method was tested on a series of aliphatic, aromatic, and amine‐containing pharmaceuticals.
Realization of Free‐Space Long‐Distance Self‐Healing Bessel Beams
Authors: Vetter Christian , Steinkopf Ralf , Bergner Klaus , Ornigotti Marco , Nolte Stefan , Gross Herbert , Szameit Alexander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new approach for generating long‐distance self‐healing Bessel beams, which is based on a ring‐shaped (annular) lens and a spherical lens in 4f‐configuration, is reported. With this, diffraction‐free light evolution of a zeroth order Bessel beam over several meters is shown and available scaling opportunities that surpass current technologies by far are discussed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how this setup can be adapted to create Bessel beam superpositions, realizing the longest ever reported optical conveyor beam and helicon beam, respectively. Last, the self‐healing capabilities of the beams are tested against strong opaque and non‐opaque scatterers, which again emphasizes the great potential of this new method.
Ex vivo and animal study of the blue diode laser, Tm fiber laser, and their combination for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Arkhipova Valeriya , Enikeev Mikhail , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Kurkov Alexander , Andreeva Viktoriya , Yaroslavsky Ilya , Altschuler Gregory 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of using a novel blue diode laser (blue laser), a thulium fiber laser (Tm laser), and their combination as a directed‐energy surgical tool in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe blue laser emitting at 442 nm, the Tm laser emitting at 1,940 nm wavelengths, and the combination of them were tested. First, cutting and coagulative abilities of the lasers were characterized ex vivo on porcine kidney in air and CO2. Histological staining was performed to assess the efficiency of ablation and coagulation. Next, experimental LPN was performed on a porcine model at zero ischemia. Upper and lower segments of both kidneys were resected. Total operation time and resection time were measured; bleeding and carbonization were evaluated.ResultsEx vivo data show that laser‐induced ablation and coagulation processes do not differ substantially between CO2 and air environments. Histological analysis of ex vivo incisions demonstrates that the blue laser produced deep ablation with relatively narrow coagulation zone, whereas Tm laser was less efficient in terms of ablation but possessed excellent coagulative properties. Experimental LPN revealed that the blue laser provided fast cutting with minimal carbonization, whereas Tm laser induced slow cutting with strong carbonization. The combination of the blue and Tm lasers provided the most promising results demonstrating the highest resection rate, almost carbonization free resection surface and clinically acceptable hemostasis enabling LPN without the need for vessel clamping.ConclusionsThe blue laser can be efficiently utilized in LPN. Furthermore, the combination of the blue and Tm lasers into a single modality may be beneficial for further development of successful laser‐assisted LPN. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed Sleeve Gastrectomy Following Liver Transplantation: A 5‐Year Experience
Authors: Morris Mackenzie C. , Jung Andrew D. , Kim Young , Lee Tiffany C. , Kaiser Tiffany E. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Bari Khurram , Shah Shimul A. , Cohen Robert M. , Schauer Daniel P. , Smith Eric P. , Diwan Tayyab S. 
Published: September 2019

Obesity has become an epidemic in the United States over the past decade, and recent studies have shown this trend in the liver transplantation (LT) population. These patients may be candidates for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) to promote significant and sustained weight loss to prevent recurrence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, safety remains a concern, and efficacy in this setting is uncertain. A single‐institution database from 2014 to 2018 was queried for patients undergoing LSG following LT. The selection criteria for surgery were consistent with National Institutes of Health guidelines, and patients were at least 6 months after LT. A total of 15 patients (median age, 59.0 years; Caucasian, 86.7%; and female, 60%) underwent LSG following LT. Median time from LT to LSG was 2.2 years with a median follow‐up period of 2.6 years. The median hospital length of stay (LOS) was 2 days after LSG. Mortality and rate of liver allograft rejection was 0, and there was 1 postoperative complication (a surgical site infection). Following LSG, body mass index (BMI) decreased from 42.7 to 35.9 kg/m2 (P < 0.01), and in 12 patients with at least 1 year of follow‐up, the total body weight loss was 20.6%. Following LSG in patients with diabetes, the median daily insulin requirements decreased from 98 (49‐118) to 0 (0‐29) units/day (P = 0.02), and 60% discontinued insulin. Post‐LT patients had a similar decrease in BMI and reduction in comorbidities at 1 year compared with a matched non‐LT patient cohort. In the largest patient series to date, we show that LSG following LT is safe, effective, and does not increase the incidence of liver allograft rejection. Larger longer‐term studies are needed to confirm underlying metabolic changes following LSG.
Multiple proteins arising from a single gene: The role of the Spa33 variants in Shigella T3SS regulation
Authors: Kadari Mahendar , Lakhloufi Dalila , Delforge Valérie , Imbault Virginie , Communi David , Smeesters Pierre , Botteaux Anne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractShigella invasion and dissemination in intestinal epithelial cells relies on a type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which mediates translocation of virulence proteins into host cells. T3SSs are composed of three major parts: an extracellular needle, a basal body, and a cytoplasmic complex. Three categories of proteins are hierarchically secreted: (a) the needle components, (b) the translocator proteins which form a pore (translocon) inside the host cell membrane and (c) the effectors interfering with the host cell signaling pathways. In the absence of host cell contact, the T3SS is maintained in an “off” state by the presence of a tip complex. Secretion is activated by host cell contact which allows the release of a gatekeeper protein called MxiC. In this work, we have investigated the role of Spa33, a component of the cytoplasmic complex, in the regulation of secretion. The spa33 gene encodes a 33‐kDa protein and a smaller fragment of 12 kDa (Spa33C) which are both essential components of the cytoplasmic complex. We have shown that the spa33 gene gives rise to 5 fragments of various sizes. Among them, three are necessary for T3SS. Interestingly, we have shown that Spa33 is implicated in the regulation of secretion. Indeed, the mutation of a single residue in Spa33 induces an effector mutant phenotype, in which MxiC is sequestered. Moreover, we have shown a direct interaction between Spa33 and MxiC.
SAR analysis of directive antenna on anatomically real breast phantoms for microwave holography
Authors: Kumari Vineeta , Sheoran Gyanendra , Kanumuri Tirupathiraju 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrowave holography utilizes antennae for the detection of cancerous tissues in the human breast. The safety assessment of an antenna is required prior to its radiation interaction with biological tissues. In this work, a specially designed and developed Vivaldi antenna with directivity at 45° for microwave holographic imaging has been presented. A detailed simulation of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and thermal analysis due to the radiation exposure of the designed antenna on self‐designed anatomically real breast phantoms is performed in CST environment. SAR values for 3D printed breast phantoms are also calculated experimentally. The quantitative results of SAR reveal the variation of ±10% in between the simulation and experimental results. It has been found that SAR due to the radiation of the designed antenna lies in the permissible limit. The thermal analysis in CST shows the rise of 0.096% in temperature after the exposure of 2 hours. Hence, the antenna can be used in microwave holography for breast cancer detection.
Model‐based super‐resolution reconstruction of T2 maps
Authors: Bano Wajiha , Piredda Gian Franco , Davies Mike , Marshall Ian , Golbabaee Mohammad , Meuli Reto , Kober Tobias , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Hilbert Tom 
Published: September 2019

PurposeHigh‐resolution isotropic T2 mapping of the human brain with multi‐echo spin‐echo (MESE) acquisitions is challenging. When using a 2D sequence, the resolution is limited by the slice thickness. If used as a 3D acquisition, specific absorption rate limits are easily exceeded due to the high power deposition of nonselective refocusing pulses. A method to reconstruct 1‐mm3 isotropic T2 maps is proposed based on multiple 2D MESE acquisitions. Data were undersampled (10‐fold) to compensate for the prolonged scan time stemming from the super‐resolution acquisition.Theory and MethodsThe proposed method integrates a classical super‐resolution with an iterative model‐based approach to reconstruct quantitative maps from a set of undersampled low‐resolution data. The method was tested on numerical and multipurpose phantoms, and in vivo data. T2 values were assessed with a region‐of‐interest analysis using a single‐slice spin‐echo and a fully sampled MESE acquisition in a phantom, and a MESE acquisition in healthy volunteers.ResultsNumerical simulations showed that the best trade‐off between acceleration and number of low‐resolution datasets is 10‐fold acceleration with 4 acquisitions (acquisition time = 18 min). The proposed approach showed improved resolution over low‐resolution images for both phantom and brain. Region‐of‐interest analysis of the phantom compartments revealed that at shorter T2, the proposed method was comparable with the fully sampled MESE. For the volunteer data, the T2 values found in the brain structures were consistent across subjects (8.5‐13.1 ms standard deviation).ConclusionThe proposed method addresses the inherent limitations associated with high‐resolution T2 mapping and enables the reconstruction of 1 mm3 isotropic relaxation maps with a 10 times faster acquisition.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the vocal fold oscillations with sub‐millisecond temporal resolution
Authors: Fischer Johannes , Abels Timo , Özen Ali Caglar , Echternach Matthias , Richter Bernhard , Bock Michael 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe temporal resolution of the MRI acquisition is intrinsically limited by the duration of the spatial encoding, which is typically on the order of milliseconds. Faster motion such as the vibration of the vocal folds during phonation cannot be imaged with conventional MRI as this would require sampling frequencies in the kilo‐Hertz range. Here, a faster MRI acquisition strategy is presented that encodes a 1D periodic motion at a temporal resolution that is an order of magnitude higher compared to conventional MRI.MethodsThe proposed method encodes the position of an object moving along 1 dimension by applying very short phase encoding gradients along the same direction. This reduces the temporal resolution from the repetition time (TR) to the duration of the phase encoding gradients, which in this work was well below 1 ms. The technique is applied to the vocal fold oscillations and the position of the vocal folds is measured simultaneously using electroglottography (EGG). Simulations of the point spread function for regular encoding and the proposed method are performed as well.ResultsWith this new phase, encoding strategy oscillations of the human vocal folds up to a frequency of 145 Hz could be dynamically imaged at 10 images per cycle. Simulations show the advantage of this method over conventional imaging of fast moving objects.ConclusionA new method for MR imaging of fast moving spins is presented allowing a temporal resolution below 1 ms at a spatial resolution below 1 mm, circumventing TR as the limit for temporal resolution.
Finite volume discretization for poroelastic media with fractures modeled by contact mechanics
Authors: Berge Runar L. , Berre Inga , Keilegavlen Eirik , Nordbotten Jan M. , Wohlmuth Barbara 
Published: September 2019

SummaryA fractured poroelastic body is considered where the opening of the fractures is governed by a nonpenetration law, whereas slip is described by a Coulomb‐type friction law. This physical model results in a nonlinear variational inequality problem. The variational inequality is rewritten as a complementary function, and a semismooth Newton method is used to solve the system of equations. For the discretization, we use a hybrid scheme where the displacements are given in terms of degrees of freedom per element, and an additional Lagrange multiplier representing the traction is added on the fracture faces. The novelty of our method comes from combining the Lagrange multiplier from the hybrid scheme with a finite volume discretization of the poroelastic Biot equation, which allows us to directly impose the inequality constraints on each subface. The convergence of the method is studied for several challenging geometries in 2D and 3D, showing that the convergence rates of the finite volume scheme do not deteriorate when it is coupled to the Lagrange multipliers. Our method is especially attractive for the poroelastic problem because it allows for a straightforward coupling between the matrix deformation, contact conditions, and fluid pressure.
Geographic Availability of Physicians Certified by the American Board of Obesity Medicine Relative to Obesity Prevalence
Authors: Gudzune Kimberly A. , Johnson Veronica R. , Bramante Carolyn T. , Stanford Fatima Cody 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine the distribution of adult and pediatric American Board of Obesity Medicine (ABOM) diplomates relative to the prevalence of obesity by US state.MethodsData from the ABOM physician directory were used to determine original specialty and US state. Physicians were labeled as “adult medicine” physicians (i.e., internal medicine, family medicine, or internal medicine and pediatrics), “pediatric medicine” physicians (i.e., pediatrics, family medicine, or internal medicine and pediatrics), and “other physicians” (i.e., surgical specialty, other specialty, or unknown). Prevalence of obesity by state, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was used for adults and adolescents in 2017 and for children in 2014. Counts of ABOM‐certified adult medicine physicians and pediatric medicine physicians were conducted relative to obesity prevalence by state.ResultsA total of 2,577 US‐based ABOM‐certified physicians were included (79% from adult medicine, 38% from pediatric medicine, and 15% from other fields). All US states had more than one ABOM‐certified adult medicine physician, although geographic disparities existed in physician availability relative to obesity prevalence. Fewer pediatric medicine ABOM diplomates were available in all states.ConclusionsPromotion of ABOM training and certification in certain geographic locations and among pediatric physicians may help address disparities in ABOM diplomate availability relative to obesity burden.
BTK inhibitors synergise with 5‐FU to treat drug‐resistant TP53‐null colon cancers
Authors: Lavitrano Marialuisa , Ianzano Leonarda , Bonomo Sara , Cialdella Annamaria , Cerrito Maria Grazia , Pisano Fabio , Missaglia Carola , Giovannoni Roberto , Romano Gabriele , McLean Chelsea M , Voest Emile E , D'Amato Filomena , Noli Barbara , Ferri Gian Luca , Agostini Marco , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Helin Kristian , Leone Biagio E , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Grassilli Emanuela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth cause of death from cancer worldwide mainly due to the high incidence of drug‐resistance. During a screen for new actionable targets in drug‐resistant tumours we recently identified p65BTK – a novel oncogenic isoform of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Studying three different cohorts of patients here we show that p65BTK expression correlates with histotype and cancer progression. Using drug‐resistant TP53‐null colon cancer cells as a model we demonstrated that p65BTK silencing or chemical inhibition overcame the 5‐fluorouracil resistance of CRC cell lines and patient‐derived organoids and significantly reduced the growth of xenografted tumours. Mechanistically, we show that blocking p65BTK in drug‐resistant cells abolished a 5‐FU‐elicited TGFB1 protective response and triggered E2F‐dependent apoptosis. Taken together, our data demonstrated that targeting p65BTK restores the apoptotic response to chemotherapy of drug‐resistant CRCs and gives a proof‐of‐concept for suggesting the use of BTK inhibitors in combination with 5‐FU as a novel therapeutic approach in CRC patients. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poor concordance among drug compendia for proposed interactions between enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs and direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Acton Emily K. , Willis Allison W. , Gelfand Michael A. , Kasner Scott E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess concordance regarding proposed interactions between enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EI‐AEDs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in leading, international drug compendia.MethodsWe measured consistency of interaction reporting for each DOAC with a group of potent EI‐AEDs among eight provider and consumer‐focused drug compendia. Discrepant severity ranking systems were consolidated on a 0 to 4 scale. Percent agreement (PA) and Scott/Fleiss' Kappa (к) were used to quantify inter‐compendia agreement on interaction listings, with linear weighting when consolidated severity rankings were taken into account (wPA and wк, respectively).ResultsFor dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban, poor inter‐compendia concordance was observed for interaction listings with EI‐AEDs, with and without accounting for severity rankings (wPA: 0.54‐0.72/wк: −0.08‐0.03, and PA 0.47‐0.79/к: −0.09‐0.09, respectively). Conversely, betrixaban was consistently listed as not interacting with EI‐AEDs in almost all assessed compendia, despite overlap in P‐glycoprotein‐based transport with other DOACs. Only 6/20 (30%) EI‐AED/DOAC interactions were listed in all eight databases, and even in these six cases, severity rankings were universally discordant. Extreme inconsistencies in interaction reporting (some compendia assigning the highest possible severity ranking, while others reported no interactions) were observed in half of the individually examined interactions (10/20).ConclusionsDrug compendia are highly inconsistent in the inclusion and reported severity of interactions between EI‐AEDs and DOACs. Generation of high‐quality, real‐world evidence from large‐scale outcome studies is imperative to resolve discordance and provide clarity for clinical guidelines.
Enhancement of the processing window and performance of polyamide 1010/bio‐based high‐density polyethylene blends by melt mixing with natural additives
Authors: Quiles‐Carrillo Luis , Montanes Nestor , Fombuena Vicent , Balart Rafael , Torres‐Giner Sergio 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis work reports the enhancement of the processing window and of the mechanical and thermal properties of biopolymer blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and bio‐based high‐density polyethylene (bio‐HDPE) at 70/30 (w/w) achieved by means of natural additives. The overall performance of the binary blend melt‐mixed without additives was poor due to both the relatively low thermal stability of bio‐HDPE at the processing temperatures of PA1010, that is, 210–240 °C, and the lack of or poor miscibility between the two biopolymers. Gallic acid, a natural phenolic compound, was added at 0.8 parts per hundred resin (phr) of biopolymer blend to enhance the thermal stability of the green polyolefin and therefore enlarge the processing window of the binary blend. Maleinized linseed oil, a multi‐functionalized vegetable oil, was then incorporated at 5 phr to compatibilize the biopolymers and the performance of the blend was also compared with that of a conventional petroleum‐derived copolymer, namely poly[ethylene‐co‐(acrylic acid)]. The resultant biopolymer blends showed a marked enhancement in thermal stability and also improved toughness when both natural additives were combined. This work can potentially serve as a sound base study for the mechanical recycling of similar blends containing bio‐based but non‐biodegradable polymers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry