bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating acoustic objectives into Forest Management Planning when sensitive bird species are relevant
Authors: Iglesias-Merchan Carlos , Ortiz-Urbina Esther , Ezquerro Marta , Diaz-Balteiro Luis 
Published: May 2019

Background
The potentially negative effects of timber harvesting on biodiversity and habitat conservation leads to the consideration of a wide range of restrictions to forest logging in natural areas. In particular, high noise levels produced by forest machinery present a challenge to developing sustainable forest management plans. The Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest bird of prey whose nests are located in mature trees, is considered to be appropriate as an indicator species for environment-friendly forest planning. In this work, we evaluated spatially differences in sound propagation between stands. We hypothesized that differences due to the influence of orography in mountainous forests would allow the relaxation of spatial and temporary restrictions to timber logging, without causing any great disturbance at nesting sites of sensitive species.

Methods
Our study was conducted in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest of Spain, where an important colony of the Western European population of Cinereous vulture is located. We built 62 noise maps to characterize noise pollution due to tree logging at planning level. We modeled two different scenarios, in order to characterize; (i) the effect of a chainsaw operator during a complete cycle for felling a tree (Scenario 1), and (ii) the effect of the peak level produced by the breaking noise emitted by the trunk of the tree and its impact on the ground (Scenario 2). A strategy of three logical steps was designed; (i) landscape-scale analysis of noise propagation in stands, (ii) hierarchical cluster analysis of stands, (iii) assessment of the potentially significant influence of noise management in timber harvesting.

Results
The minimum distance (DIST) from chainsaw operator sites to the 40 dB(A) contour lines was the only variable that had a significant influence on the clustering results. On the other hand, mean values of a newly proposed metric called average radius or radial distance (ARD) oscillated between 174 m in cluster #1 (Scenario 1) and 407 m in cluster #2 (Scenario 2).

Discussion
Our results highlight the convenience of considering noise modeling tools at a forest planning level in order to address the compatibility of forest logging and the necessity of protecting nature. We found that spatial propagation of noise made by chainsaws at felling sites does not differ between stands even in a mountainous terrain, contrary to what we initially hypothesized. However, temporary logging restrictions could be excluded in about 36% of the current conditioned management areas according to ARD results in Scenario 2 (400 m). This proposal could be based on a sound pressure level (in decibels) criteria instead of conventional buffer protection distance criteria. In addition, it is suggested that the current size of restricted management areas could be generally extended from a 100 m radius to a 200 m one around the Cinereous vulture nest sites.
Dissection of three quantitative trait loci for grain size on the long arm of chromosome 10 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Zhu Yu-Jun , Sun Zhi-Chao , Niu Xiao-Jun , Ying Jie-Zheng , Fan Ye-Yang , Mou Tong-Min , Tang Shao-Qing , Zhuang Jie-Yun 
Published: May 2019

Background
Thousand grain weight is a key component of grain yield in rice, and a trait closely related to grain length (GL) and grain width (GW) that are important traits for grain quality. Causal genes for 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting these traits have been cloned, but more QTL remain to be characterized for establishing a genetic regulating network. A QTL controlling grain size in rice, qGS10, was previously mapped in the interval RM6100–RM228 on chromosome 10. This study aimed to delimitate this QTL to a more precise location.

Method
A total of 12 populations were used. The ZC9 population comprised 203 S1:2 families derived from a residual heterozygous (RH) plant in the F9 generation of the indica rice cross Teqing (TQ)/IRBB52, segregating the upper region of RM6100–RM228 and three more regions on chromosomes 1, 9, and 11. The Ti52-1 population comprised 171 S1 plants derived from one RH plant in F7 of TQ/IRBB52, segregating a single interval that was in the lower portion of RM6100–RM228. The other ten populations were all derived from Ti52-1, including five S1 populations with sequential segregating regions covering the target region and five near isogenic line (NIL) populations maintaining the same segregating pattern. QTL analysis for 1,000-grain weight, GL, and GW was performed using QTL IciMapping and SAS procedure GLM.

Result
Three QTL were separated in the original qGS10 region. The qGL10.1 was located in the upper region RM6704–RM3773, shown to affect GL only. The qGS10.1 was located within a 207.1-kb interval flanked by InDel markers Te20811 and Te21018, having a stable and relatively high effect on all the three traits analyzed. The qGS10.2 was located within a 1.2-Mb interval flanked by simple sequence repeat markers RM3123 and RM6673. This QTL also affected all the three traits but the effect was inconsistent across different experiments. QTL for grain size were also detected in all the other three segregating regions.

Conclusion
Three QTL for grain size that were tightly linked on the long arm of chromosome 10 of rice were separated using NIL populations with sequential segregating regions. One of them, qGS10.1, had a stable and relatively high effect on grain weight, GL, and GW, providing a good candidate for gene cloning. Another QTL, qGS10.2, had a significant effect on all the three traits but the effect was inconsistent across different experiments, providing an example of genotype-by-environmental interaction.
Proximate Quantification and Sensory Assessment of Moi-Moi Prepared from Bambara Nut and Cowpea Flour Blends
Authors: Okwunodulu Innocent N. , Peter Grace C. , Okwunodulu Felicia U. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Moi-moi is a popularly relished snack in Nigeria prepared from cowpea which is deficient in essential sulphur containing amino acids but rich in lysine and some vitamins. Bambara nut is rich in essential amino acids, fiber, calcium, iron, carotene, oil, carbohydrate, protein and energy than cowpea.
Aim: This study aimed at investigating the complementary effects of bambara nut and cowpea flour blends on the nutrient and acceptability of moi-moi.
Study Design: To fit a one way Analysis of Variance.
Place and Duration of Study: At Umuahia, Abia State Nigeria between March and June, 2018.
Methodology: Cleaned and sorted bambara nut was cracked, winnowed, milled and sieved while cowpea seeds were steeped in tap water for two hours, hand dehulled, oven dried at 60°C, milled and sieved separately. Their flour blends were mixed according to bambara: cowpea ratios of 100:0 (sample A), 75:25% (sample B), 50:50% (sample C), 25:75% (sample D) and 0: 100% (sample E) and used to prepare moi-moi. Same quantities of seasonings were added per 100 g of each blend and mixed into a homogenous paste texture. The seasonings used were 10 ml of Life vegetable oil, 5 g of ground crayfish, 5 g of onion, 5 g of tomato, 2 g of salt, 2 g of pepper and 8.03 g of magi. Each paste ratio was then wrapped in “Etere” leaf and steamed separately in covered pots for 50 minute using a gas cooker. Cooled moi-moi samples were subjected to proximate analyses, energy value calculations and sensory evaluation.
Results: Results showed increase in nutrients with increase in cowpea flour inclusion except in carbohydrate which decreased from 31.95 to 16.35%. Protein values increased from 10.40% to 13.50%, fat from 3.90 to 6.40%, fiber from 1.25 to 2.00%, ash from 1.30 to 2.15%, moisture from 51.20 to 59.69%. Energy values decreased with increase in cowpea inclusion from 726.45 to 839.49 kj/100 g. Sensory evaluation showed that 100% bambara nut moi-moi were most preferred by the panelists followed by 25% bambara nut: 75% cowpea flour blend, while 50% bambara nut: 50% cowpea flour blend was least preferred.
Conclusion: Nutrients increased with increase in cowpea flour. Bambara flour substitution should not be more than 25%.
iCONE‐SRS: Development of inverse treatment planning for cone‐based stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Lausch Anthony , Nghiem Brian , Nielsen Michelle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeAt present, commercially available treatment planning systems (TPS) only offer manual planning functionality for cone‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) leading to labor intensive treatment planning. Our objective was to reduce treatment planning time through development of a simple inverse TPS for cone‐based SRS.MethodsThe iCONE TPS was developed using MATLAB (R2015a, The MathWorks Inc.) and serves as an inverse planning adjunct to a commercially available TPS. Simulated annealing is used to determine optimal table angle, gantry start and stop angles, and cone sizes for a user‐defined number of non‐coplanar arcs relative to user‐defined dose objectives. iCONE and clinically generated plans were compared through a retrospective planning study of 60 patients treated for 1–3 brain metastases (total of 100 lesions).ResultsPlanning target volume (PTV) coverage was enforced for all plans through normalization. PTV maximum dose was constrained to be within 120%–135% of the prescription dose. The median conformity index for iCONE plans was 1.35, 1.33, and 1.32 for 1, 2, and 3‐target cases respectively corresponding to a median increase of 0.05 (range = −0.1 to 0.5, P < 0.05), 0.06 (range = −0.83 to 0.53, P < 0.05), and 0.03 (range = −1.21 to 0.74, P > 0.05) relative to the clinical plans. No clinically significant differences were found with respect to the dose to organs‐at‐risk. Median iCONE planning times were approximately a factor of five lower than consensus estimates for manual planning provided by local experienced SRS planners.ConclusionsA simple inverse TPS for cone‐based SRS was developed. Plan quality was found to be similar to manually generated plans; however, degradation was observed in some cases highlighting the need for continued oversight and manual adjustment by experienced planners if implemented in the clinic. A factor of five reduction in treatment planning time was estimated.
miRNAcontributions to pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis inferred fromGWAS
Authors: Rhead Brooke , Shao Xiaorong , Graves Jennifer S. , Chitnis Tanuja , Waldman Amy T. , Lotze Timothy , Schreiner Teri , Belman Anita , Krupp Lauren , Greenberg Benjamin M. , Weinstock–Guttman Bianca , Aaen Gregory , Tillema Jan M. , Rodriguez Moses , Hart Janace , Caillier Stacy , Ness Jayne , Harris Yolanda , Rubin Jennifer , Candee Meghan S. , Gorman Mark , Benson Leslie , Mar Soe , Kahn Ilana , Rose John , Casper T. Charles , Quach Hong , Quach Diana , Schaefer Catherine , Waubant Emmanuelle , Barcellos Lisa F. ,   the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveOnset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs in childhood for approximately 5% of cases (pediatricMS, or ped‐MS). Epigenetic influences are strongly implicated inMSpathogenesis in adults, including the contribution from microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncodingRNAs that affect gene expression by binding target genemRNAs. Few studies have specifically examined miRNAs in ped‐MS, but individuals developingMSat an early age may carry a relatively high burden of genetic risk factors, and miRNAdysregulation may therefore play a larger role in the development of ped‐MSthan in adult‐onsetMS. This study aimed to look for evidence of miRNAinvolvement in ped‐MSpathogenesis.MethodsGWASresults from 486 ped‐MScases and 1362 controls from the U.S. PediatricMSNetwork and Kaiser Permanente Northern California membership were investigated for miRNA‐specific signals. First, enrichment of miRNA‐target gene network signals was evaluated usingMIGWASsoftware. Second,SNPs in miRNAgenes and in target gene binding sites (miR−SNPs) were tested for association with ped‐MS, and pathway analysis was performed on associated target genes.ResultsMIGWASanalysis showed that miRNA‐target gene signals were enriched inGWAS(P = 0.038) and identified 39 candidate biomarker miRNA‐target gene pairs, including immune and neuronal signaling genes. The miR‐SNPanalysis implicated dysregulation of miRNAbinding to target genes in five pathways, mainly involved in immune signaling.InterpretationEvidence fromGWASsuggests that miRNAs play a role in ped‐MSpathogenesis by affecting immune signaling and other pathways. Candidate biomarker miRNA‐target gene pairs should be further studied for diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic utility.
The feasibility of working memory tablet tasks in predicting scholastic skills in classroom settings
Authors: Kanerva Kaisa , Kiistala Ilkka , Kalakoski Virpi , Hirvonen Riikka , Ahonen Timo , Kiuru Noona 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCognitive assessment in natural group settings facilitates data collection but poses threats to the validity. In this study, tablet‐based working memory (WM) tasks, the counting span, and reading span were used in predicting 12‐year‐old children's (N= 837) scholastic skills and fluid intelligence in a classroom with environmental noise. WM tasks had excellent internal consistency, correlated with scholastic skills, and accounted for more of the variance in cognitive performance (grade point average, fluid intelligence, scholastic skills) compared with individually administered (n= 190) digit span task. Furthermore, the multilevel analysis revealed that compared with the classrooms with no noise, when naturally occurring speech or nonspeech types of environmental noises were present during assessment, WM scores or the reliability estimates were not lower. In contrast, when both types of noises were present, the relationships between some of the WM and achievement scores were even stronger. Thus, assessments in natural classroom contexts may promote revealing the individual differences in WM.
The relationship between mental toughness and cognitive control: Evidence from the item‐method directed forgetting task
Authors: Dewhurst Stephen A. , Anderson Rachel J. , Howe David , Clough Peter J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPrevious research by the authors found that mental toughness, as measured by the Mental Toughness Questionnaire 48 (MTQ48; Clough, P.J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. [2002]. Mental toughness: the concept and its measurement. In I. Cockerill (Ed.), Solutions in sport psychology [pp. 32–43]. London: Thomson Publishing), was significantly associated with performance on the list‐method directed forgetting task. The current study extends this finding to the item‐method directed forgetting task in which the instruction to Remember or Forget is given after each item in the study list. A significant positive association was found between the correct recognition of Remember words and the emotional control subscale of the MTQ48. No significant associations were observed with other measures of mental toughness or personality. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between mental toughness and cognitive control.
Adaptive output feedback control of uncertain nonlinear systems with input delay and output constraint
Authors: Kang Guanpeng , Xia Xiaonan , Zhang Tianping 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper proposes an adaptive neural‐network control design for a class of output‐feedback nonlinear systems with input delay and unmodeled dynamics under the condition of an output constraint. A coordinate transformation with an input integral term and a Nussbaum function are combined to solve the problem of the input possessing both time delay and unknown control gain. By utilizing a barrier Lyapunov function and designing tuning functions, the adjustment of multiparameters is handled with a single adaptive law. The uncertainty of the system is approximated by dynamic signal and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). Based on Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive tracking control scheme is developed to guarantee all the signals of the closed‐loop systems are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the output constraint is not violated.
Planar Porous Components for Low‐Loss Terahertz Optics
Authors: Guerboukha Hichem , Nallappan Kathirvel , Cao Yang , Seghilani Mohamed , Azaña Jose , Skorobogatiy Maksim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a strong interest in using the terahertz (THz) frequency band for applications in sensing, imaging, and wireless communications. To enable many of these applications, compact low‐loss components for beamforming are required. Typically, such components are made using solid dielectric elements with spatially variable thickness, for example, planoconvex lenses or spiral phase plates. However, as losses in dielectrics typically greatly increase with THz frequency, so do the losses of the solid components. This work demonstrates that when introducing low‐refractive index, low‐loss subwavelength inclusions (air holes) into a solid material matrix, the loss of porous components can be greatly reduced compared to the loss of solid components with otherwise identical optical properties, thus opening a way to create efficient optical components even with nominally high‐loss materials. Additionally, porous optical components can be created completely flat as spatially dependent optical path difference is achieved by varying the local porosity rather than the component thickness. This offers additional advantages for free‐space alignment and integration of such components into optical systems. As an example, the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of planar lenses and planar orbital angular momentum phase plates are carried out. It is then demonstrated how these porous components outperform their all‐solid counterparts.
Combining Benzotriazole and Benzodithiophene Host Units in Host–Guest Polymers for Efficient and Stable Near‐Infrared Emission from Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Xiong Wenjing , Tang Shi , Murto Petri , Zhu Weiguo , Edman Ludvig , Wang Ergang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA set of host–guest copolymers with alternating benzodithiophene and benzotriazole (BTz) derivatives as host units and 4,7‐bis(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole as the minority guest are synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for applications. A light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) comprising such a host–guest copolymer delivers fast‐response near‐infrared (NIR) emission peaked at 723 nm with a high radiance of 169 µW cm−2 at a low drive voltage of 3.6 V. The NIR‐LEC also features good stability, as the peak NIR output only drops by 8% after 350 h of continuous operation. It is, however, found that the LEC performance is highly sensitive to the detailed chemical structure of the host backbone, and that the addition of electron‐donating thiophene bridging units onto the BTz unit is highly positive while the inclusion of fluorine atoms results in a drastically lowered performance, presumably because of the emergence of hydrogen bonding within the active material.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of β‐Amino‐1,4‐enols to Oxazol‐2(3H)‐ones and 5‐Alkenyloxazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Zhao Yichao , Henry Stuart Adam , Jin Jianwen , Clarkson Guy James , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare oxazol‐2(3H)‐ones and 5‐alkenyloxazolidin‐2‐ones efficiently that relies on a Brønsted acid‐catalyzed cyclization of the respective secondary and tertiary β‐amino‐1,4‐enols in ethanol is described. The reaction did not require the exclusion of air or moisture.
Fano‐Majorana Effect and Bound States in the Continuum on a Crossbar‐Shaped Quantum Dot Hybrid Structure
Authors: Ramos‐Andrade Juan Pablo , Zambrano David , Orellana Pedro A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransport properties are investigated through a crossbar‐shaped structure formed by a quantum dot (QD) coupled to two normal leads and embedded between two 1D topological superconductors (TSCs). Each TSC hosts Majorana‐bound states (MBSs) at its ends, which can interact between them with an effective coupling strength. A signature of bound states in continuum (BIC) is found in the MBSs spectral function. By allowing finite inter MBSs coupling, BICs splitting is observed and shows projection in transmission for asymmetric coupling case as quasi‐BICs. As a consequence, it is also shown that the Fano effect, arising from interference phenomena between MBSs hybridization trough QD, is observed with a half‐integer amplitude modulation. It is believed that the findings can help to better understand the properties of MBSs and their interplay with QDs.
1,4‐Bis(2,3‐dicarboxyl‐phenoxy)benzene dianhydride‐based phenylethynyl terminated thermoset oligoimides for resin transfer molding applications
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Guofei , Fang Xingzhong 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA series of thermoset oligoimides have been prepared by the thermal polycondensation of 1,4‐bis(2,3‐dicarboxyl‐phenoxy)benzene dianhydride with three different aromatic diamines in the presence of 4‐phenylethynylphthalic anhydride as an end capping reagent. The aromatic diamines included 4,4′‐oxydianiline, 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFDB) and 2‐phenyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (p‐ODA). Effects of the chemical structures and molecular weights of the oligoimides on their aggregated structures, melt processability as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured films were then systematically investigated. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that ODA series oligoimides and TFDB series oligoimides showed crystallinity; however, the asymmetricalp‐ODA enables thep‐ODA series oligoimides to exhibit amorphous forms. So thep‐ODA based oligoimides with molecular weight of 750 g mol−1showed much lower melt viscosity at a low temperature and the melt viscosity could maintain below 1 Pa s−1after isothermal aging for 2 h at any temperature in the range of 220–280 °C by rheological measurements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47967.
A Look at the Anatomy Educator Job Market: Anatomists Remain in Short Supply
Authors: Wilson Adam B. , Notebaert Andrew J. , Schaefer Audra F. , Moxham Bernard J. , Stephens Shiby , Mueller Caroline , Lazarus Michelle D. , Katrikh Aaron Z. , Brooks Williams S. 
Published: May 2019

In 2002, a widely publicized report projected an anatomy educator shortage based on department chairpersons' perceptions. Now, 17 years later, the question lingers: “Does an anatomy educator shortage persist and, if so, how severe is the shortage?” Trends in the number, type, and fill rate of anatomy educator job openings were explored by analyzing job posting in the United States over the past two years. A survey was distributed to leaders of anatomy‐related departments in the United States, Canada, and European Union. Most departmental leaders who responded (65% or more) from the United States/Canada (n = 81) and the European Union (n = 52) anticipate they will have “moderate” to “great” difficulty hiring anatomy educators in gross anatomy, histology, and embryology over the next five years. Within the United States, the number of anatomy educator job postings at medical schools more than doubled from at least 21 postings in 2017 to 52 postings in 2018. Twenty‐one percent of postings between 2017 and 2018 were never filled. While the number of anatomy educator openings within the United States/Canada is perceived to remain in a steady state for the next five years, the European Union estimates a five‐fold increase in the number of openings. Departmental leaders prioritize anatomy educator applicants who have teaching experience (mean ± SD = 4.64 ± 0.84 on five‐point Likert scale), versatility in teaching multiple anatomy disciplines (3.93 ± 1.07), and flexibility in implementing various teaching pedagogies (3.69 ± 1.17). Collectively, these data suggest the shortage of anatomy educators continues in the United States/Canada and the European Union.