bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniqueness and modified Newton method for cracks from the far field patterns with a fixed incident direction
Authors: Li Jialei , Liu Xiaodong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider the inverse cracks scattering problems from the far field patterns with a fixed incident direction. We firstly show that the sound-soft cracks can be uniquely determined by the multi-frequency far field patterns with a fixed incident direction. The proof is based on a low frequency asymptotic analysis of the scattered field. One important feature of the uniqueness result is that the background can even be an unknown inhomogeneous medium. A modified Newton method is then proposed for the numerical reconstruction of the shapes and locations of the cracks. Compared to the classical Newton method, the modified Newton method relaxes the dependence of a good initial guess and can be applied for multiple cracks. Numerical examples in two dimensions are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the modified Newton method. In particular, the quality of the reconstructions can be greatly improved if we use the measurements properly with two frequencies or two incident directions.
Modeling and characterization of AlN-Based piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers
Authors: Liechti Romain , Blard François , Chatroux Jean-Rémi , Bastien Jean-Claude , Lefèvre Aude , Lhermet Hélène , Fain Bruno 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we present the modeling and characterization of AlN-based piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs) dedicated to biomedical applications. Our study encompasses detailed analytical modeling of these transducers in both air and water environments. The model is confronted with finite element simulations that account for realistic issues such as imperfect clamping. To validate the model’s relevance, we compare its predictions with results from optical, electrical, and acoustical characterization. This comprehensive approach provides a robust framework for understanding PMUT behavior and facilitates efficient modeling of future devices.
Preponderance of triaxial shapes in atomic nuclei predicted by the proxy-SU(3) symmetry
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Martinou Andriana , Peroulis S K , Petrellis D , Vasileiou P , Mertzimekis T J , Minkov N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The proxy-SU(3) symmetry predicts, in a parameter-free way, based only on the Pauli principle and the short-range nature of the nucleon–nucleon interaction, non-vanishing values of the collective variable γ almost everywhere across the nuclear chart. Substantial triaxiality with γ between 15° and 45° is proved to be expected along horizontal and vertical stripes on the nuclear chart, covering the nucleon numbers 22–26, 34–48, 74–80, 116–124, 172–182. Empirical support for these stripes is found by collecting all even–even nuclei for which the first two excited 2+ states are known, along with the B(E2)s connecting them, as well as the second 2+ state to the ground state. The stripes are related to regions in which oblate SU(3) irreducible representations appear, bearing similarity to the appearance of triaxiality within the SU(3)* dynamical symmetry of the interacting boson model-2. Detailed comparisons of the proxy-SU(3) predictions to the data and to predictions by state-of-the-art Monte Carlo shell model calculations for deformed N = 94, 96, 98 isotones in the rare earth region show good overall agreement, with the exception of Z = 70 and N = 94, which correspond to fully symmetric proxy-SU(3) irreps, suggesting that the latter are an artifact of the method which can be amended by considering the influence of the neighboring irreps.
Electromagnetically tunable spin-valley-polarized current via anomalous Nernst effect in monolayer of jacutingaite
Authors: Hajati Yaser , Alipourzadeh Mohammad , Makhfudz Imam , Berakdar Jamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Monolayer jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3) exhibits remarkable properties, including significant spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and a tunable band gap, attributed to its buckled honeycomb geometry and the presence of heavy atoms. In this study, we explore the spin- and valley-dependent anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in jacutingaite under the influence of a vertical electric field, off-resonance circularly polarized light (OCPL), and an antiferromagnetic exchange field. Our findings, within the low-energy approximation, reveal the emergence of a perfectly spin-polarized ANE with the application of appropriate OCPL and a perfectly valley-polarized ANE under an antiferromagnetic exchange field. Leveraging the robust SOC inherent in monolayer jacutingaite, our study highlights the potential to attain perfectly spin-valley-polarized Nernst currents across a wide range of Fermi energy levels by combining these fields in pairs with a suitable strength. The findings can be used for the development of spin-valley-based optoelectronic devices.
Laser modulation of the FePS3 memristors
Authors: Chen Shengyao , Wang Shu , Xiong Wenqi , Zhou Zhican , Du Xiaoshan , Ma Lijun , Wang Junqi , Wang Cong , Zhang Xinzheng , Liu Qian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ternary two-dimensional (2D) material-based memristors have garnered significant attention in the fields of machine learning, neuromorphic computing due to their low power consumption, rapid learning, and synaptic-like behavior. Although such memristors often exhibit high ON/OFF ratios and exceptional pulse response characteristics, they have also to face some challenges concerning reusability and switching cycles, which arise from the filament instability issues. Here we propose a modulation strategy to improve performance of 2D-material memristors with synaptic and flexible features. By laser-modulating few-layer FePS3, we induced the formation of conductive filaments, realized a major improvement in performance of the FePS3 memristors, achieving an ON/OFF ratio of nearly 104, low power consumption at approximately 10−7 W of single switching operation, and maintaining stability even after over 500 cycles. The performance promotion has been ascribed to enhancement of conductive filament induced by laser-modulation. Furthermore, we have identified the effectiveness of our laser modulation under strain by building the high-performance flexible FePS3 memristor. Meanwhile, we discovered a novel strain-dominant erasure method for the flexible memristors. Our work confirms that laser modulation is a viable method for enhancing the performance of 2D material-based memristive devices.
Numerical study of turbulent eddy self-interaction in tokamaks with low magnetic shear. Part I: Linear simulations
Authors: Volčokas Arnas , Ball Justin , Brunner Stephan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examines the impact of low and zero magnetic shear, along with rational values of safety factor, on linear mode behavior in tokamak plasmas. We focus on how magnetic field line topology and parallel domain length influence linear mode structures and growth rates as magnetic shear decreases. Our results show that as magnetic shear is reduced to low values, linear modes can transition between different branches, significantly affecting their characteristics. At zero magnetic shear, accurate modeling requires precisely capturing magnetic topology, as small deviations near rational surfaces can greatly impact growth rates.
Thermophoretic particle deposition effect on a squeezed flow of radiative Jeffrey fluid past a sensor surface with uniform heat source/sink and chemical reaction
Authors: Mazhar Sajeel , Ramzan Muhammad , Sowayan Ahmed S , Saleel C Ahamed , Saeed Abdulkafi Mohammed , Kadry Seifedine , El-Meligy Mohammed A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This anticipated model investigates the time-dependent, and incompressible 2D magnetized Jeffrey liquid flowing on a sensor surface placed between two infinite parallel plates with the existence of a uniform heat source/sink. The lower plate remains fixed while the upper plate is subject to squeezing. For the heat and mass transmission processes, the consequences of radiative heat flux, chemical reaction, and thermophoretic particle deposition are applied and analyzed. The envisioned model is supported by prescribed heat and mass flux conditions. The uniqueness of the proposed model is the analysis of the unsteady squeezed flow of Jeffrey liquid over a sensor surface, accounting for radiative heat flux, thermophoretic particle deposition, and variable thermal conductivity. The model possesses applications in microfluidic sensors, biomedical devices, thermal management systems, and inkjet printing. The equations comprising the model are subject to similarity transformations. The bvp4c package is utilized to analyze the dynamic flow system. The connotation of arising parameters with the associated profiles is depicted through graphs and tables. It is examined that fluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are dwindling functions of squeezed parameter. It is also witnessed that the concentration of liquid drops with an enhancement of thermophoretic and chemical reaction parameters. The validation of the truthfulness of the envisioned model is an added feature of this study.
Low SAR ultra compact UWB vivaldi non-uniform slot antennas for breast cancer detection
Authors: Saleh Sahar , Saeidi Tale , Timmons Nick , Razzaz Faroq , Althuwayb Ayman A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the growing issues among women. Current ultrawideband (UWB) antennas utilized for Microwave Imaging (MI) present several limitations, such as resolution and penetration trade-offs, large dimensions of the antennas degrade patient comfort, and clutter in the received signal. To tackle these restrictions, this study presents the design, fabrication, and testing of ultra-compact Vivaldi antennas based on the new Vivaldi non-uniform slot profile antenna (VNSPA) theory. These antennas, with their significant slot length reductions of 50 % and 60 %, and circuit area reductions of 72.74 % (Antenna A) and 81.8 % (Antenna B), hold great promise for modern wireless communication and medical fields. Antenna A and B provide matching S11 values of less than −11.36 dB and −10.21 dB and peak gains of 5.9 dBi and 6 dBi through 2.63–12.33 GHz and 3.16–14.34 GHz, respectively. Although Antenna B is 30.58 % smaller than Antenna A, it provides 13.24 % bandwidth (BW) with a 1.7 % gain enhancement, highlighting the significance of the exponential nonuniform slot profile (ENSP) shape on the antenna’s performance. Antenna B provides good Breast Cancer Detection (BCD) results through UWB MI. The simulation in this work, which is performed using computer simulation technology (CST) software, agrees well with the practical results to prove the antenna’s capabilities in detecting tumors in a breast. These results, like the directive stable radiation patterns and low specific absorption rate (SAR) values, ensure the proposed antennas are good candidates for modern wireless communication applications such as reader antennas in body area networks and high-resolution medical applications such as BCD.
Preparation of high performance microwave absorbing materials based on waste peanut shells
Authors: Dou Meiran , Xu Lihui , Pan Hong , Zhang Yingxiu , Teng Yi , Fu Xueqiang , Liu Zhangyong , Huang Xinzhe , Wang Meng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The emergence of advanced wave-absorbing materials has led to a growing interest in biomass-derived porous carbon due to its abundant availability, low density, and eco-friendly nature. This study utilized peanut shell biomass waste to produce porous carbon material (KPS) through a two-step carbonation-activation process. We investigated the influence of varying ratios of carbonized peanut shells (CPS) to potassium hydroxide (KOH) activator on the pore structure and morphology of KPS. The comprehensive analysis of the electromagnetic parameters revealed that KPS sample achieved a remarkable reflection loss of −42.38 dB and an effective bandwidth of 2.58 GHz with the thickness of 2.5 mm when the quality ratio of CPS to activator KOH was 1:3 and the carbonation temperature was 600 °C. Notably, the KPS material demonstrated substantial specific surface area of 1037.589 m2 g−1 and complex pore architecture, facilitating the development of conductive network and promoting multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves. This research highlighted the potential of efficiently utilizing recyclable resources to create microwave-absorbing materials that are not only simple to produce but also environmentally sustainable.
Comparison of total ionizing dose effects in SiC MOSFETs with double trench versus asymmetric trench
Authors: Cao Rongxing , Chang Wenjing , Lu Yuxin , Hu Dike , Wang Yiyuan , Zeng Xianghua , Xue Yuxiong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), as a third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor, possesses advantages such as low on-resistance, high power density, fast switching speed, and low switching losses, making it a promising candidate in aerospace equipment. However, electrons in space can cause total ionizing dose (TID) effects, leading to the performance degradation of electronic components, especially in deep space environments with high-energy and high-flux electron irradiation. In this study, electron irradiation induced TID effects were experimentally investigated in SiC MOSFETs with different structures of double trench (DT) and asymmetric trench (AT). The DT-MOSFET was found to be more sensitive to TID effects. Furthermore, the technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation was performed to reveal the mechanism of the trench structure dependent TID effects. It was revealed that compared to DT-MOSFET, the semi-enclosed P+ well structure in the AT-MOSFET provides protection to the bottom of the gate oxide layer, reducing the electric field intensity in that region and suppressing the impact of TID effects.
Adiabatic evolution of solitons embedded in lipid membranes
Authors: Pavón-Torres O , Agüero-Granados M A , Valencia-Torres R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Heimburg-Jackson model, or thermodynamic soliton theory of nervous impulses, has a well-established record as an alternative model for studying the dynamics of nerve impulses and lipid membranes. Within this framework, nerve impulses can be represented as nonlinear excitations of low amplitude depicted by the damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation and their adiabatic evolution can be analyzed using direct perturbative methods. Based on the foregoing, we carry out the current study using the quasi-stationary approach to obtain the adiabatic evolution of solitons embedded in lipid membranes under the influence of a viscous elastic fluid. This analysis encompasses liquid-to-gel transition of the lipid bilayers, for whose dark and bright solitons arise, respectively.
An optimal solution of lung cancer mathematical model using generalized Bessel polynomials
Authors: Saeidi H , Hassani H , Dahaghin M Sh , Mehrabi S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mathematical modeling serves as a powerful tool for investigating the dynamics of diseases and the efficacy of various treatment strategies. This study proposes a fractional-order mathematical model for lung cancer progression, formulated using the Caputo fractional derivative. The model categorizes the biological system into four distinct cell classes: tumor cells (T), active macrophage cells (A), macrophage cells (M), and normal tissue cells (N). By leveraging operational matrices, the complex system of differential equations is transformed into a system of algebraic equations. To solve this nonlinear system, the norm-2 of residual functions is minimized, converting the problem into an optimization challenge. To address this, we employ generalized Bessel polynomials combined with the Lagrange multipliers method. Our proposed hybrid approach improves upon existing techniques such as the traditional Bessel polynomials and Lagrange polynomial methods by offering enhanced computational efficiency and higher accuracy in identifying optimal solutions. The efficacy of the model is demonstrated through numerical simulations, which show its robustness in capturing the intricate behaviors of the cancer-tissue interaction. These features make our proposed method a promising tool for the development of advanced biomedical models, with potential applications in optimizing treatment protocols for complex diseases like lung cancer.
Chiral and flavor oscillations in a hyperentangled neutrino state
Authors: Bittencourt Victor A S V , Blasone Massimo , Zanfardino Gennaro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In addition to flavor oscillations, Dirac neutrinos also undergo the so-called chiral oscillations, a consequence of the free-particle dynamics under the Dirac equation. Such a transition between different chiralities affect the flavor transitions, but also can generate non-trivial correlations between the internal degrees of freedom of the particle. In this paper, we show that the state of a massive oscillating neutrino produced by weak interaction process, is an hyperentangled state, in which flavor, chirality, and spin exhibit non-trivial correlations. Using complete complementarity relations, we show that both chiral and flavor oscillations redistribute correlations and coherence in time among different partitions of the system. In a similar way, we consider a spin entangled lepton-antineutrino pair and show that there is a dynamical redistribution of spin-spin entanglement into correlations and coherence between the other degrees-of-freedom. Our analysis provides a complete characterization of the quantum correlations involved in lepton-antineutrino pairs and in single particle neutrino evolution, and provides a further insight on possible routes to interpret and measure chiral oscillations.
Beyond MRV: combining remote sensing and ecosystem modeling for geospatial monitoring and attribution of forest carbon fluxes over Maryland, USA
Authors: Hurtt George C , Ma Lei , Lamb Rachel , Campbell Elliot , Dubayah Ralph O , Hansen M , Huang Chengquan , Leslie-Bole Haley , Lister Andrew , Lu Jiaming , Panday Frances Marie S , Shen Quan , Silva Carlos E , Tang H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Members of the U.S. Climate Alliance, a coalition of 24 states committed to achieving the emissions reductions outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement, are considering policy options for inclusion of forest carbon in climate mitigation plans. These initiatives are generally limited by a lack of relevant data on forest carbon stocks and fluxes past-to-future. Previously, we developed a new forest carbon modeling system that combined high-resolution remote sensing, field data, and ecological modeling to estimate contemporary above-ground forest carbon stocks, and projected future forest carbon sequestration potential for the state of Maryland. Here we extended this work to provide a consistent geospatial approach for monitoring changes in forest carbon stocks over time. Utilizing the same data and modeling system developed previously for planning, we integrated historical input data on weather and disturbance to reconstruct the history of vegetation dynamics and forest above-ground carbon stocks annually over the period 1984–2016 at 30 m resolution and provided an extension to 2023. Statewide, forested land had an average annual net above ground carbon sink of 1.37 TgC yr−1, comparable to prior estimates. However, unlike the prior estimates, there was considerable variation around this mean. The statewide net above ground flux ranged interannually from −0.65 to 2.77 Tg C yr−1. At the county scale, the average annual net above ground flux ranged spatially from 0.01 to 0.13 Tg C yr−1 and spatiotemporally from −0.43 to 0.24 Tg C yr−1. Attribution analyses indicate the primary importance of persistent and regrowing forests, vegetation structure, local disturbance, and rising CO2 to the mean flux, and the primary importance of weather to the large-scale interannual variability. These results have important implications for state climate mitigation planning, reporting and assessment. With this approach, it is now possible to monitor changes in forest carbon stocks spatiotemporally over policy relevant domains with a consistent framework that is also enabled for future planning.
Study on the effect of halloysite nanotubes on the mechanical properties and swelling resistance of ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blend nanocomposites
Authors: Nathan K Senthil , Krishnamohan S , Navaneethakrishnan V , Vishvanathperumal S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research was undertaken to explore the alteration of natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) using a blend of resorcinol and hexamethylenetetramine (RH), (γ-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), and diethoxydimethyl silane (DMS). This investigation delved into the impact of incorporating various proportions of RH-modified HNTs (RH-HNTs), APTES- modified HNTs (APTES-HNTs), DMS-modified HNTs (DMS-HNTs), and unmodified HNTs into ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) for their potential as seal materials. The study assessed key properties such as tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation, elongation at break, compression set, hardness, and swelling and abrasion resistance to gauge the influence of HNT additions. As nanofiller content increased, the crosslinking rate rose, while scorch time and optimum cure time decreased. Findings indicated that incorporating nanofillers at 6 phr compositions notably enhanced composite strength initially, with a subsequent slight reduction. However, rebound resilience diminished with increasing filler content, though composite hardness experienced a slight improvement. Mole percent uptake decreased, particularly at higher filler loadings. Notably, systems containing 6 phr RH-HNTs exhibited a 140% increase in tensile strength. FESEM micrographs depicted a rough fracture surface with well-dispersed nanofillers within EPDM/NBR. Additionally, compression set data illustrated enhanced composite performance under compression, crucial for seal applications.
Experimental research and first-principles calculation of the effects of La2O3 on the microstructure and properties of the MoSi2 coating using arc-cladding
Authors: Sun H F , Sun S P , Zhou C K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The poor room-temperature toughness of MoSi2 hinders its application as a structural material. A thorough analysis was conducted using arc cladding experiments and first-principles calculations to investigate the effect of La2O3 on the mechanical properties of the MoSi2 coating. The ductility of La2O3 (Poisson’s ratio v > 0.26; B/G > 1.75) was demonstrated by the first-principles calculation, which enhanced the fracture toughness of MoSi2. The bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and Vickers hardness of La2O3 were calculated through Voigt-Ruess-Hill approximations. The findings of the experiment indicated that the pure MoSi2 coating consisted of MoSi2 and Mo5Si3 phases with cellular dendritic crystals. When the MoSi2 coating was added with La2O3, the microstructure of the coating became denser and finer. La2O3 reacted with SiO2, which formed La2Si2O7 phases. When the La2O3 content was 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%, the average hardness of the coatings with La2O3 was 9.73, 16.78, 29.98, and 52.67% more than that of the pure MoSi2 coating, respectively. The MoSi2 coating was added with 7 wt% La2O3 had the highest fracture toughness, approximately twice as high as the pure MoSi2 coating. This was attributed to the fact that La2O3 could disperse the main stress of cracks and inhibit their propagation. Furthermore, the MoSi2 coating added with 7 wt% La2O3 had the flattest wear surface and the lowest wear loss.