bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE UM EQUIPAMENTO AUTOPROPELIDO
Authors: Rocha Felizardo Adenilson , Pereira Geraldo Magela , Rocha Fernando Da Silva , Silva Joseane Oliveira da 
Published: October 2018

ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE ÁGUA DE UM EQUIPAMENTO AUTOPROPELIDO Felizardo Adenilson Rocha1; Geraldo Magela Pereira2; Fernando da Silva Rocha3; Joseane Oliveira da Silva41Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rua Antônio Ferreira Mendes, 65 CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, felizardo.rocha@bol.com.br2Departamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal Lavras. Lavras, MG3Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal Lavras, Lavras, MG4 Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense , Campos, RJ 1 RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho de um equipamento de irrigação autopropelido tipo carretel enrolador, acoplado com canhão tipo turbina, em condições de campo. Para este estudo, foram testadas três pressões (400, 450 e 500 kPa), três velocidades de recolhimento da mangueira (40 e 70 e 120 m h-1) e bocal do aspersor de 22 mm, com a finalidade de verificar a influência destes parâmetros na uniformidade de distribuição de água, intensidade de aplicação, lâmina média e perda de carga na mangueira e na turbina. Os resultados da análise estatística demonstraram que os maiores valores de CUC foram verificados para larguras de faixas correspondentes a 70% e 80% do diâmetro molhado pelo aspersor (DM). Observou-se que é possível trabalhar com pressão no aspersor de 400 kPa, sem prejuízo considerável na uniformidade de distribuição de água. O aparelho irrigamatic 100 foi eficiente no controle velocidade de recolhimento, permitindo melhor controle para velocidades a inferiores a 70 m h-1. UNITERMOS: Avaliação, autopropelido, características hidráulicas. ROCHA, F. A.; PEREIRA, G. M.; ROCHA, F. S.; SILVA, J. O. ANALYSIS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION UNIFORMITY OF A TRAVELER IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT 2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a traveler irrigation machine, rolling spool type, coupled to the gun turbine, under field conditions. Three pressures (400, 450 and 500 kPa), three hose coiling speeds (40, 70 and 120 m h-1), and a 22-mm nozzle were studied to verify the influence of these parameters in the water distribution uniformity, application intensity and applied average height. The results obtained in this work showed the largest values of CUC were verified for band breadths corresponding to 70% and 80% of the diameter that was wet by the sprinkler (WD). It was observed that it is possible to use 400kP without considerable damage in the water distribution uniformity. The irrigamatic 100 was efficient to control hose coiling speed, allowing better results for speeds lower than 70 m h-1. KEYWORDS: Evaluation, traveler, hydraulic characteristics.
Comportamento comunicativo em oncologia: perspectiva de médicos e pacientes
Authors: Rosa Bruna Madrid da , Souza Miguel Luis Alves de , Lopes Aline Fernandes , Castro Elisa Kern de 
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: examinar e comparar as percepções de médicos e pacientes a respeito do comportamento comunicativo do médico que atua na oncologia. Método: participaram 58 médicos e 68 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de diferentes tipos e estágios da doença. Os participantes responderam a um Questionário sociodemográfico e ao Questionário do comportamento comunicativo do médico - versão de médicos e pacientes. Resultados: sugeriram que as percepções sobre o comportamento comunicativo do médicos e pacientes foram significativamente diferentes no que se refere às dimensões Desafio, Encorajamento e elogio e Controle. Conclusão: os médicos perceberam que seu comportamento comunicativo é mais positivo do que os pacientes. É importante que médicos e pacientes se comuniquem de forma clara afim de favorecer uma boa relação e promover bons resultados do tratamento.
CYCLIC TESTS OF STRESS-CORROSION CRACKS OF STEEL GAS PIPELINE PIPES IN THE ABSENCE OF CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Afanas’ev A. V. , Mel’nikov A. A. , Vas’kov M. I. , Bel’kov D. N. 
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of metallographic studies of stresscorrosion defects (SCC defects) detected on the output gas pipeline of the compressor station. The diagnostics statistics of defects in such pipelines and the data on the effectiveness evaluation of various diagnostic tools during the diagnosis of SCC are given. A presumptive steel grade corresponding to the pipeline metal was identified. The species and morphology of cracks are described. Their character of development is defined. To detect traces of the influence of metallurgical impurities and the external environment on the defects development, a spectrometry of corrosion products and base metal was made. The authors have made the maps of elements distribution over the sample controlled surface. The absence of influence of nonmetallic sulphide inclusions on the development of metal destruction in this is described for the particular case of SCC. It is shown that the sulfur content in corrosion products does not exceed the sulfur content in the sample metal. In some samples, reduced sulfur content can be observed, with the exception of local sites with nonmetallic sulphide inclusions. Electronic images were obtained, which show that these nonmetallic inclusions (in this case) are not sources of cracking development. The results of cyclic tests of samples cut from the pipeline and containing cracks are given. The choice of the cyclic test mode was carried out in accordance with the analysis of the compressor station operating mode for the current year of operation. According to the data received, pipe materials with defects at their initial stage of development have shown considerable durability under test loads. The samples with cracks have withstood from 1.6·106 to 7.5·106 loading cycles under conditions of cyclic transverse bending in the same test plane in the absence of a corrosive medium. In a real gas pipeline under normal operation conditions, the number of such cycles does not exceed 120 – 200 per year, therefore, it can be concluded that the pipeline with defects in their initial stage of development has a significant residual life, provided that its metal wall is reliably protected from effects of corrosive environment.
APPLICATION OF BARIUM-STRONTIUM CARBONATITE FOR PRODUCTION OF WELDING FLUXES BASED ON SILICOMANGANAZE PRODUCTION SLAG
Authors: Kozyrev N. A. , Bashchenko L. P. , Kozyreva O. E. , Mikhno A. R. 
Published: October 2018

The study results of introduction of barium-strontium carbonatite of various fractional composition into flux based on silicomanganese production slag are presented. The principal possibility of using their mixtures for depositing and welding of low-alloy steels is shown, while the use of barium-strontium carbonatite makes it possible to reduce contamination of weld metal with nonmetallic inclusions. In series of experiments in laboratory conditions, various compositions of welding fluxes were made and investigated. As components, barium-strontium modifier BSC produced by “NPK Metallotechnoprom” LC under TU 1717-001-75073896-2005 was used, wt. %: 13.0 – 19.0 % BaO; 3,5 – 7,5 % SrO; 17.5 – 25.5 % CaO; 19.8 – 29.8 % SiO2 ; 0.7 – 1.1 % MgO; 2.5 – 3.5 % K2O; 1.0 – 2.0 % Na2O; 1.5 – 6.5 % Fe2O3 ; 0 to 0.4 % MnO; 1.9 – 3.9 % of Al2O3 ; 0.7 – 1.1 % TiO2 ; 16.0 – 20.0 % CO2 as well as silicomanganese slag produced by JSC “EVRAZ – West-Siberian Metallurgical Combine”, wt. %: 6.91 – 9.62 % Al2O3 ; 22.85 – 31.70 % CaO; 46.46 – 48.16 % SiO2 ; 0.27 – 0.81 % FeO; 6.48 – 7.92 % MgO; 8.01 – 8.43 % MnO; 0.28 – 0.76 % F; 0.26 – 0.36 % Na2O; up to 0,62 % K2O; 0.15 – 0.17 % S; 0.01 % P. Basis of the flux is silicomanganese production slag, into which a flux additive was introduced. Flux additive was produced in two ways. The first one: by mixing barium-strontium modifier with liquid glass in a ratio of 75 and 35 %, respectively. The second variant is as follows: dust of strontium-barium modifier of fraction less than 0.2 mm was used as a flux additive. The technology of flux-additive manufacturing is described. Welding of rollers was carried out using ASAW-1250 welding tractor. Regimes of surfacing were worked out. The chemical compositions of fluxes, slag crusts, flux and weld metal were determined. Metallographic studies of metal were performed. The results of analysis for presence of nonmetallic inclusions in weld zone were carried out in accordance with GOST 1778 – 70. Studies indicate a decrease in contamination of weld metal by silicates that are not deformed and absence of brittle silicates.
APPLICATION OF SIMPLEX LATTICE METHOD FOR COMPOSITION-VISCOSITY PLOTTING OF СаО – SiO2 – В2О3 SLAGS WITH 15 % Al2O3 AND 8 % MgO
Authors: Babenko A. A. , Zhuchkov V. I. , Upolovnikova A. G. , Ryabov V. V. 
Published: October 2018

The results of composition-viscosity plotting for slag of the CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 system containing 15 % of Al2O3 and 8 % of MgO using simplex lattice method are given in this paper. It allows obtaining mathematical models describing property dependence on composition as a continuous function. The study was subjected to a fixed area in a form of local simplex represented by two CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 concentration triangles. The experiment was planned in pseudo-component coordinates. To describe dependence of slag viscosity on its composition, a mathematical model of polynomial of the third degree was chosen. In experiment planning matrix, slag compositions are given in pseudo-components and original components coordinates. Slags corresponding to studied local simplex vertex composition were melted in graphite crucibles from pre-heated oxides of ChDA brand. Composition of slag, corresponding to the points of local simplex plan, was obtained by counter-mixing of simplex vertex slag. In experiments, molybdenum crucibles were used to measure slags viscosity. Measurements were carried out using an electric vibrational viscometer in an argon flow with continuous cooling of melt from homogeneous-liquid to solid state. The results of generalization of mathematical modeling and graphical representation presented in form of compositionpropertydiagrams made it possible to quantify effect of slag basicity and B2O3 content on viscosity of resulting oxide system. The slag of CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 oxide system, containing 15 % of Al2O3 and 8 % of MgO, is characterized by sufficiently low viscosity in temperature range of 1450 – 1500 °C. Viscosity of such slags increases significantly with temperatures decrease to 1400 °C. It has been established that slags with basicity of 2 to 5, containing 1 to 4 % of B2O3 , are characterized by high liquid mobility at constant concentrations of Al2O3 (15 %) and MgO (8 %), their viscosity in temperature range of 1450 – 1500 °C does not exceed 4 – 7 poise. Such slags have, as a rule, high refining properties and can be recommended for the formation on a ladle furnace installation.
INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT MAGNETIC FIELD ON STRUCTURE FORMATION IN STEELS AT HIGH-SPEED LASER PROCESSING
Authors: Brover A. V. , Brover G. I. 
Published: October 2018

Experimental studies of laser-irradiated layers in a magnetic field (MF) have shown a non-trivial morphology of the surface of handling zone of material in case of reflow. Twisting of a thin layer of liquid metal is observed, irradiated area is getting a crescent appearance, definitely strictly oriented in relation to magnetic flux. This is probably due to the effect of Righi-Leduc, as well as the action of Lorentz forces, which deflect the electrons flow. As a result, there is significant mixing of metal in the irradiation zone, chemical composition equalization, which positively affects the strength properties of the products. One of the important consequences of the MF-effect on the results of laser processing is the phenomenon of magnetostriction. In laser irradiation without MF slide lines were observed on the pre-polished surface patterns resulting from the emerging thermal and structural stresses. By analyzing the topography of irradiated surfaces using modern analysis techniques and computer image processing, it was established that irradiation in MF in conditions of magnetostriction decreases the stress level in irradiated areas and reduces the risk of cracking. The results of temperature measurements at the irradiated spot on cooling stage allow establishing that the cooling rate during laser processing in a MF is considerably higher than without the field. It affects the processes of phase and structural transformations. At laser heating in MF microheterogenic austenite is supercooled with great speed to temperatures of martensite transformation. After that its transformation begins, the sequence of which is determined by the level of local saturation, degree of deformation and is controlled by temperature. The first crystals of martensite are formed in the least saturated areas of austenite, and a very high speed (thousands or tens of thousands of °С/s) of the transformation process beginning γ → α prevents martensite self tempering, which partially can occur when the temperature decreases further due to transformation spread on the remaining volume of austenite, grabbing areas of different saturation. As a result, along with the “fresh-formed” martensite in the areas of laser quenching the martensite is formed, in which segregation of carbon or even ε-carbide may occur and residual austenite with high carbon intensity are formed. Released dispersed carbides contribute to obtaining a sufficiently high hardness values of metals irradiated in a MF.
OPTIMIZATION OF HEATING OPERATION CONTROL IN CHAMBER-TYPE THERMAL FURNACE
Authors: Revun M. P. , Zinchenko V. Yu. , Ivanov V. I. , Cheprasov A. I. 
Published: October 2018

Using local systems of automatic control of temperature and surplus pressure of heating in the working volume of flaming thermal furnace of chamber type, settings, as a rule, are selected separately without the account of their interconnection. At the same time in control of expense of fuel and air not only temperature but also pressure changes in the working chamber of furnace, that, in turn, is accompanied by change of gaseous exchange with a medium and renders substantial influence temperature in a working chamber. All this is accompanied by substantial excessive consumption of gaseous fuel, and, as a result, by the rise of costs of metal heat treatment. Using heating chart with the constant volume of products of burning in the furnaces of such type, the control of its heat power is in combining charges of different components of gaseous fuel at condition of providing of the given temperature in the working volume. According to the principle of Bellman dynamic programming, optimization of control for the cycle of metal heat treatment was provided by choice of the applied fuel which is optimal on a cost composition for every period of quantum. The present cost of fuel serves as the linear function of middle charges of its separate components in periods of quantum and finding of its minimum value for every discrete moment of time, presented as a decision of task of the linear programming. The determination algorithm for optimal values of charges of gaseous fuel separate components was worked out, as well as for the expense of surplus air, used as controlling influences for the automatic systems of adjusting of temperature and surplus pressure of heating medium in the working volume of furnaces. The functional cart of automatic control system is provided, which implementation allows not only optimization of heating technology by cost of separate fuel components, but also provision of the control autonomy of temperature and surplus pressure of heating medium in the working chamber of furnaces of chamber type by means of self-adjustment. In real-time control process is executed with optimization of cost of separate components of fuel self-adjustment of the system.
APPLICATION OF MARKOV CHAINS TO THE ANALYSIS OF BLAST FURNACE OPERATION EFFICIENCY
Authors: Sibagatullin S. K. , Kharchenko A. S. , Devyatchenko L. D. 
Published: October 2018

The article presents the results of modeling in a dynamic format of one of the most important parameters of any research object – the efficiency of its work. As the object of investigation, a blast furnace with a volume of 2014 m3 was chosen. The main parameters of the efficiency of this object are traditionally used daily productivity and specific consumption of coke; these two parameters were generalized in this paper. In this case, various algebraic signs of the influence of these parameters were taken into account in the generalized efficiency index. Taking into account the variation of each of these parameters at 3 levels, the number of levels of the generalized efficiency index was determined as 32 = 9, therefore it was rational to take a 9-point scale with the measuring scale of profitability from the efficient operation of the blast furnace. The two-dimensional array of primary data of the volume N = 177 was transformed into a 9×9 transitional matrix for processing of random transitions of the efficiency index from one state to another by the Markov chain method with discrete states and time. The set of parameters of the random process is calculated: for the long-term forecast – the stationary vector of state probabilities, the average time of recurrence (reversal) for each efficiency state, the evaluation of the blast furnace efficiency in points; for a short-term forecast – the first time of transition from each state to any other state, the step number for a “burst” of probability for each reliable state at the initial moment of time, and the components of the efficiency index are obtained. It was established that the average level of the analyzed efficiency of the blast furnace (daily output 3702 tons and specific coke consumption 470 kg/ton) is achieved mainly due to short-term transitions of low-efficiency states to high-efficiency states and vice versa. The transfer of the system to more efficient and prolonged conditions is possible, and as practice has shown on the same blast furnace after repair works to eliminate the distortion of the furnace profile, the daily productivity has increased to 5048 tons with a specific coke consumption of 445 kg/t, but the structure of the transition matrix and the calculated indicators of the Markov chain have fundamentally changed in the direction of increasing the probabilities of stay and transitions of the system in more efficient states. The use of the Markov chain method with discrete states and time makes it possible to estimate the probable value of the change in the parameters of the operation of a blast furnace in a given time interval with constant levels of parameters characterizing the conditions of its operation.
Северная Индия как территория миротворчества и культурного диалога
Authors: Иванов Андрей Владимирович , Журавлева Светлана Михайловна 
Published: October 2018

<p>В статье анализируется миротворческий потенциал Северной Индии — важнейшего региона Евразии, расположенного на стыке караванных путей, связывающих Индию с Ближним Востоком и Ираном, Средней Азией и Восточным Туркестаном, Тибетом и Китаем. В этом районе сохраняется уникальное культурно-языковое и этническое разнообразие, представляя фактически всю панораму народов Евразии в миниатюре.</p><p>Исходная методологическая установка авторов предполагает различение «кровавой истории», т. е. истории войн, межгосударственных конфликтов и борьбы за власть, дипломатических игр и обманов, религиозной и национальной розни, и «истории духа» (или «духовной истории»), т. е. появления и распространения созидательных идей, эпох мира и культурного творчества, когда побеждали мораль и религиозная терпимость, расцветали науки и искусства. История Северной Индии является едва ли не эталонным объектом в плане обнаружения эпох, имен и событий «духовной истории», а главный урок, который может быть из нее извлечен, — это реальный опыт миротворчества и продуктивного культурного диалога, который сохраняет свое значение и поныне. Для обоснования этого тезиса авторы обращаются к эпохе Маурьев, Кушанской империи, империи Гуптов и к периоду правления династии Великих моголов в Индии, где были заложены и во многом воплощены в жизнь важнейшие принципы индийского миротворчества: ненасилия (ахимсы), религиозного согласия, развития науки, искусства и литературы как важнейших средств осуществления продуктивного диалога между различными народами и религиозными традициями. Устанавливаются некоторые значимые параллели между традициями индийского и российского миротворчества, особенно при движении русских в Сибирь.</p><p>Делается вывод, что в нынешний год 70-летия установления дипломатических отношений между Россией и Республикой Индия обращение к идейному и практическому миротворческому наследию двух великих стран представляется особенно важным. </p>
Determinants of mother to child transmission of HIV among HIV exposed infants managed in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Mairo Hassan , A. Panti A. , A. Tunau K. , S. Nasir , T. Burodo A. , A. Adamu N. , A. Garba J. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Mother to child transmission of HIV (MTCT) is globally known to be the major route of spread of HIV to the unborn fetus and neonate. Many factors related to the mother, infant or the type of HIV virus interplay to increase the risk of MTCT of the virus. Antepartum antiretroviral drugs administration reduces the maternal viral load therefore lowering the risk of transmission. The objective is to determine infection rate and assess determinants of MTCT of HIV exposed infants delivered in UDUTH Sokoto.Methods: It was a 5-year retrospective study. Records of all HIV positive pregnant women and their babies managed in UDUTH were reviewed from the E health system of the hospital. Patient’s details were recorded from booking to delivery for the period under study. The infant’s records were retrieved and information from delivery to 18 months post-delivery obtained. Structured data collection tool was developed to compile the required information. Data was analyzed using SPSS IBMS 22. Descriptive statistics and comparisons between variables were made statistically using Chi square. P value of ≤ 0.005 was considered as significant.Results: Records of all the patients recruited were all available for evaluation because authors use the E-health system of records keeping in our hospital. MTCT rate was 0.92%. Majority 60 (47.2%) were within age group 26-30yrs. The subjects were predominantly house wives 97(71.4%) and multipara 77 (60.6%). Viral load ranged between 112 to 28228 copies/ml. Twenty-two (17.3%) had CD4 count less than 250 cells/µl while 61 (48%) had counts above 500cells/µl. All were in WHO clinical stage 1-3. All were on triple regimen anti-retroviral drugs. Spontaneous rupture of membranes for over 4 hours occurred in 51(32%). Vaginal delivery was recorded in 89.7%. Breast feeding was practiced by 48%.Conclusions: Breast-feeding still remains a risk factor for MTCT OF HIV Early administration of maternal antiretroviral drugs significantly reduces the rate of mother to child transmission of HIV.