bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food as Heritage and Multi-Level International Legal Governance
Authors: Lixinski Lucas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:This article focuses on the issue of framing of food in international law, as a means to highlight the specific dimensions of food that are the focus of food as heritage under the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The specific example of Mexican traditional cuisine is used as a prism through which to analyze regulatory choices across a range of organizations in the United Nations System, yielding a number of frames: food as heritage, food as a human right, food as indigeneity, food as biodiversity, and food as a regulatory object. The frames are natural consequences of the mandates of the bodies addressing food, and the article argues that food as heritage needs to be more clearly engaged with other dimensions of food in international law, lest food becomes just a tourist attraction under the intangible heritage regime.
From the Mediterranean Diet to theDiaita: The Epistemic Making of a Food Label
Authors: Marques da Silva Antonio José 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:The Mediterranean Diet was one of the first food-related nominations on the international cultural heritage list. By introducing the concepts of “epistemic community” and “governmentality” to analyze this heritagization process, I will evaluate the participation and consent of “the Mediterranean people” and their belief in a common identity based in a holistic conception of this food tradition—the so-calleddiaita. My goal is to demonstrate that the inscription’s proposal was motivated first by a long-term strategy aimed at promoting an “umbrella brand” of agro-food products extended to the whole Mediterranean space. Then, I will emphasize the attempt to design a model of property rights protection that is adequate for this food label, which was later presented within the realm of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization as a measure for safeguarding thediaitaas an item of intangible cultural heritage. Finally, I will argue that this claim totally omits the rights of the numerous expatriates living outside this region.
Co-receptor tropism and genetic characteristics of the V3 regions in variants of antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected subjects
Authors: Guo J. L. , Yan Y. , Zhang J. F. , Ji J. M. , Ge Z. J. , Ge R. , Zhang X. F. , Wang H. H. , Chen Z. W. , Luo J. Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCo-receptor tropism has been identified to correlate with HIV-1 transmission and the disease progression in patients. A molecular epidemiology investigation of co-receptor tropism is important for clinical practice and effective control of HIV-1. In this study, we investigated the co-receptor tropism on HIV-1 variants of 85 antiretroviral-naive patients with Geno2pheno algorithm at a false-positive rate of 10%. Our data showed that a majority of the subjects harboured the CCR5-tropic virus (81.2%, 69/85). No significant differences in gender, age, baseline CD4+T-cell counts and transmission routes were observed between subjects infected with CXCR4-tropic or CCR5-tropic virus. The co-receptor tropism appeared to be associated with the virus genotype; a significantly more CXCR4-use was predicted in CRF01_AE infections whereas all CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC were predicted to use CCR5 co-receptor. Sequences analysis of V3 revealed a higher median net charge in the CXCR4 viruses over CCR5 viruses (4.0vs.3.0,P< 0.05). The predicted N-linked glycosylation site between amino acids 6 and 8 in the V3 region was conserved in CCR5 viruses, but not in CXCR4 viruses. Besides, variable crown motifs were observed in both CCR5 and CXCR4 viruses, of which the most prevalent motif GPGQ existed in both viral tropism and almost all genotypes identified in this study except subtype B. These findings may offer important implications for clinical practice and enhance our understanding of HIV-1 biology.
Comparison of sea ice classification methods based on satellite scatterometer and radiometer data in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Pang Xiaoping , Gao Xiang , Ji Qing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInformation on sea ice type is an important factor for deriving sea ice parameters from satellite remote sensing data, such as sea ice concentration, extent and thickness. In this study, sea ice in the Weddell Sea was classified by the histogram threshold (HT) method, the Spreen model (SM) method from satellite scatterometer data and the strong contrast (SC) method from radiometer data, and this information was compared with Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate (ASPeCt) sea ice-type ship-based observations. The results show that all three methods can distinguish the multi-year (MY) ice and first-year (FY) ice using Ku-band scatterometer data and radiometer data during the ice growth season, while C-band scatterometer data are not suitable for MY ice and FY ice discrimination using HT and SM methods. The SM model has a smaller MY ice classification extent than the HT method from scatterometer data. The classification accuracy of the SM method is the higher compared to ship-based observations. It can be concluded that the SM method is a promising method for discriminating MY ice from FY ice. These results provide a reference for further retrieval of long-term sea ice-type information for the whole of Antarctica.
The interaction between oxytocin receptor gene methylation and maternal behavior on children's early theory of mind abilities
Authors: MacKinnon Anna L. , Feeley Nancy , Gold Ian , Hayton Barbara , King Leonora , Nagy Corina , Robins Stephanie , Turecki Gustavo , Zelkowitz Phyllis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTheory of mind, the ability to represent the mental states of others, is an important social cognitive process, which contributes to the development of social competence. Recent research suggests that interactions between gene and environmental factors, such as oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and maternal parenting behavior, may underlie individual differences in children's theory of mind. However, the potential influence of DNA methylation of OXTR remains unclear. The current study investigated the roles of OXTR methylation, maternal behavior, and their statistical interaction on toddlers’ early emerging theory of mind abilities. Participants included a community sample of 189 dyads of mothers and their 2- to 3-year-old children, whose salivary DNA was analyzed. Results indicated that more maternal structuring behavior was associated with better performance, on a battery of three theory of mind tasks, while higher OXTR methylation within exon 3 was associated with poorer performance. A significant interaction also emerged, such that OXTR methylation was related to theory of mind among children whose mothers displayed less structuring, when controlling for children's age, sex, ethnicity, number of child-aged siblings, verbal ability, and maternal education. Maternal structuring behavior may buffer the potential negative impact of hypermethylation on OXTR gene expression and function.
Distribution of a habitat specialist: Mopane woodland structure determines occurrence of Near Threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae
Authors: MZUMARA TIWONGE I. , MARTIN ROWAN O. , TRIPATHI HEMANT , PHIRI CHAONA , AMAR ARJUN 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe near-threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae is a small parrot endemic to the Zambezi basin in south-east Africa. The species has a fragmented distribution predominantly within mopane woodlands and is widely referred to as a mopane specialist. The harvesting of mopane trees for charcoal production and timber are having widespread impacts on this woodland habitat, raising concerns over its capacity to support biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the key drivers determining the occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird in the mopane woodlands of Zambia, focusing particularly on aspects of woodland structure, including the size and density of trees. We used a MaxEnt species distribution model based on historical species occurrence data, to inform selection of 116 survey plots in the Luangwa, Luano and Zambezi valleys. Each plot was sampled for Lilian’s Lovebirds and woodland structure described. Occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird was found to be positively associated with the size of mopane trees (both height and diameter at breast height) suggesting that large ‘cathedral’ mopane trees provide a key resource for the species and that conservation efforts should focus on the protection of sites containing large trees. No Lilian’s Lovebirds were recorded in areas where they previously occurred to the west of Lower Zambezi National Park, and there was an absence of ‘cathedral’ mopane habitat in this area.
Ductal stenting to improve pulmonary blood flow in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and critical pulmonary stenosis after balloon valvuloplasty
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Hanna Najib , Charbel Ramy , Daou Linda , Chehab Ghassan , Saliba Zakhia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective:To assess the feasibility, safety, and efficiency of ductal stenting in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum or critical pulmonary stenosis after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.Background:Ductal stenting in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is a re-emerging and promising technique. There is little data available on its outcomes after establishing prograde pulmonary blood flow.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed all neonates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum or critical pulmonary stenosis who underwent ductal stenting after balloon valvuloplasty. Ductal stenting was performed either in the same setting (group A) or a few days later after balloon valvuloplasty (group B). We compared the two groups.Results:Eighteen coronary stents were transvenously delivered and successfully deployed in 18 newborns. There was no procedure-related mortality. The median hospital stay post-intervention was 6 days with a mean discharge oxygen saturation of 94%. Group A had a shorter overall hospital stay with a shorter overall time of irradiation but with a longer overall procedural time. On a follow-up of 18 months, no re-intervention for stent failure or overflow was undertaken. The median stent patency based on echocardiography was 12 months.Conclusion:Stenting the arterial duct in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum or critical pulmonary stenosis is a feasible, safe, and efficient technique. It avoids surgery or long hospital stay with prostaglandin infusion. The minimal 6 months stent longevity provides a period of time long enough to decide whether the right ventricular diastolic function is normalised or Glenn surgery is still needed.
Differences in Cardiovascular Health Metrics in Emergency Medical Technicians Compared to Paramedics: A Cross-Sectional Study of Emergency Medical Services Professionals
Authors: Cash Rebecca E. , Crowe Remle P. , Bower Julie K. , Foraker Randi E. , Panchal Ashish R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals face high physical demands in high-stress settings; however, the prevalence of cardiovascular health (CVH) risk factors in this health care workforce has not been explored. The primary objective of this study was to compare the distribution of CVH and its individual components between a sample of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics. The secondary objective was to identify associations between demographic and employment characteristics with ideal CVH in EMS professionals.Methods:A cross-sectional survey based on the American Heart Association’s (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) was administered to nationally-certified EMTs and paramedics. The LS7 components were scored according to previously described cut points (ideal = 2; intermediate = 1; poor = 0). A composite CVH score (0-10) was calculated from the component scores, excluding cholesterol and blood glucose due to missing data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR; 95% CI) for demographic and employment characteristics associated with optimal CVH (≥7 points).Results:There were 24,708 respondents that were currently practicing and included. More EMTs achieved optimal CVH (n = 4,889; 48.8%) compared to paramedics (n = 4,338; 40.6%). Factors associated with higher odds of optimal CVH included: higher education level (eg, college graduate or more: OR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.97-2.59); higher personal income (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.37); and working in an urban versus rural area (OR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.23-1.40). Paramedic certification level (OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.91), older age (eg, 50 years or older: OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.58-0.73), male sex (OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.50-0.56), working for a non-fire-based agency (eg, private service: OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.74), and providing medical transport service (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.94) were associated with lower odds of optimal CVH.Conclusions:Several EMS-related characteristics were associated with lower odds of optimal CVH. Future studies should focus on better understanding the CVH and metabolic risk profiles for EMS professionals and their association with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), major cardiac events, and occupational mortality.Cash RE, Crowe RP, Bower JK, Foraker RE, Panchal AR. Differences in cardiovascular health metrics in emergency medical technicians compared to paramedics: a crosssectional study of Emergency Medical Services professionals.Prehosp Disaster Med.2019;34(3):288–296.
No Difference in Cognitive Dysfunction Among Patients with ANCA-Associated Vasculitis, Rheumatoid Arthritis or Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Alcocer-Castillejos Natasha , Jiménez-González Ariadna , Hinojosa-Azaola Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective: To characterize cognitive function in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) in comparison with other chronic conditions, and to investigate its association with disease activity, and other psychological factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study including patients with AAV, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 30), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 29). Patients underwent a standardized neuropsychological battery (NEUROPSI). Sleep quality, fatigue, depression, and anxiety levels were assessed. Results: A total of 60 patients with AAV were included, median age of 54 years, and disease duration of 5.6 years. Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction (CD) in AAV patients was similar to RA and CKD (35%, 40%, and 39.3%, respectively, p = .88). When AAV patients with (n = 21) and without (n = 39) CD were compared, significantly more patients with CD had high disease activity (67% vs. 31%, p = .009). Abnormal performance was more frequent in the executive functions in the three groups (45% AAV, 51.7% RA, and 50% CKD), followed by language (25%, 13.8%, and 25%, respectively). Verbal and visual attentional tests were more frequently impaired in patients from the CKD group (p = .021), and psychomotor functions were more frequently affected in AAV patients (p < .05). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) total score (especially anxiety) was higher in patients with memory impairment than in those with normal memory function (M = 6.79, SD = 4.53 vs. M = 4.5, SD = 3.6, p < .01). Neither Sleep Quality Index nor fatigue scale scores differed between those cognitively impaired and not impaired. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of CD among the three clinical populations. (JINS, 2019, 25, 595–602)
Local experience in Saudi Arabia of selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90 microspheres for the treatment of unresectable liver tumours
Authors: Al Omran Bedoor , Hamour Nazar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim:To assess local experience in Saudi Arabia of the effectiveness and tolerability of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in patients with liver tumours.Materials and methods:In a retrospective study, patients with unresectable liver tumours treated with yttrium-90-labelled resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres®, Sirtex, Australia) at the King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam (KFSHD) were followed up for at least 12 months, or until death. Data were extracted from medical records. The primary outcome measure was overall survival (OS). Tumour response was recorded using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST): tumour control (TC) was defined as the proportion of patients with stable disease (SD), partial response (PR) and complete response (CR).Results:A total of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females) with hepatocellular carcinoma (76⋅7%), metastatic colorectal cancer (13⋅3%), cholangiocarcinoma (6⋅7%) or carcinoid tumour (3⋅3%) were evaluated. Mean OS was 16⋅98 months. Eighty-five percent of patients showed TC, 35% had SD, 15% a PR and 35% a CR. No severe complications were observed. Four deaths were considered unrelated to treatment.Findings:In this cohort, SIRT showed similar efficacy to that in other studies, with an acceptable tolerability profile. SIRT appears a feasible procedure for liver tumour treatment in the KFSHD.
Southeast Asian Trajectories of Labour Mobility: Precarity, Translocality, and Resilience
Authors: Tappe Oliver , Nguyen Minh T.N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWithin and across Southeast Asian national borders, there has been a growing circulation of labour, capital, people, and goods. Meanwhile, urbanisation, agrarian changes, and liberal economic restructuring have been drawing a large section of the rural population into mobile economies and trade networks. This special issue explores the linkage between mobility and the growing precaritisation of labour resulting from neoliberalised development policies, nationalist citizenship regimes, and discourses, and arbitrary state power. Arguably, the consequent insecurity and uncertainty have profound implications for the social and economic life of migrant labourers. Although these conditions engender dangers and risks, they also hold possibilities for crafting translocal livelihoods and social relations. In this introduction, we investigate the diverse trajectories of labour migration in Southeast Asia through a critical discussion on the concept of ‘precarity’ that underscores the resilience of labour migrants despite the precarious conditions of their lives. The special issue suggests that, while precarious labour has long been part of regimes of control and exploitation in the region, precarity today is shaped by the blurry boundaries between the legal and the illegal, between local and global lives, and between different worlds of belonging.
Loss-Framed Arguments Can Stifle Political Activism
Authors: Levine Adam Seth , Kline Reuben 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch commonly finds that citizens are loss averse: they dislike losses far more than similarly sized gains. One implication is that arguments for policy change framed in terms of losses to be avoided often have a larger impact on public opinion than arguments framed in terms of gains to be enjoyed. Although several scholars have observed this pattern with respect to public opinion, we know far less about the effect of loss- and gain-framed arguments on political activism. This is a critical omission given the disproportionate impact of political activists on the policymaking process. Using field and survey experiments, we investigate the impact of gain- and loss-framed arguments on climate change activism. We find that loss-framed arguments can be less mobilizing, even when they are otherwise more persuasive, than gain-framed arguments. Our results deepen our theoretical understanding of what motivates political activism, especially in an era of professionalized politics.
Reevaluation of the Late Pleistocene Slip Rate of the Haiyuan Fault Near Songshan, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Yao Wenqian , Liu‐Zeng Jing , Oskin M. E. , Wang Wei , Li Zhanfei , Prush Veronica , Zhang Jinyu , Shao Yanxiu , Yuan Zhaode , Klinger Yann 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWell‐constrained fault slip rates are important for understanding strain partitioning within a fault system and the associated seismic hazard. The Haiyuan fault is a significant active strike‐slip fault in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau with ongoing controversy over its late Pleistocene slip rate. Previous work by Lasserre et al. (1999) suggested a slip rate of 12 ± 4 mm/year, which is higher than recent geodetically determined rates on adjacent fault sections. We reanalyze and reevaluate the slip rates benefiting from new high‐resolution airborne Light Detection and Ranging data at their two sites, located north of the Songshan village. Based on this data, we revise field‐mapped offset constraints. At the Majia Wan site, we document a sinistral displacement of 130 ± 10 m of the crest and 93 ± 15 m of the base of T1/T2 terrace riser, respectively. At the Xuanma Wan site, the offset of T4/T1′ terrace riser is updated to be 68 +3/−10 m. Combining new geochronology dates, we assess the abandonment age of T2 as 26.0 ± 4.5 ka and T1 as 9,445 ± 30 year. These data suggest a slip rate between 5.0 +1.5/−1.1 and 8.9 +0.5/−1.3 mm/year since ~ 26 ka, based on the upper terrace and lower terrace reconstruction, respectively. Our reevaluation supports that apparent slip rate discrepancies in northern Tibet possibly share a systematic bias due to the use of lower‐terrace reconstruction to interpret the age of offset.
Low‐Frequency Induced Polarization of Porous Media Undergoing Freezing: Preliminary Observations and Modeling
Authors: Coperey A. , Revil A. , Abdulsamad F. , Stutz B. , Duvillard P. A. , Ravanel L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigate the thermal dependence of the complex conductivity of nine porous materials in the temperature range +20 °C to −10 or −15 °C. The selected samples include three soils, two granites, three clay‐sands mixes, and one graphitic tight sandstone. A total of 12 experiments is conducted with one sample tested at three different salinities. Our goal is to use this database to extend the dynamic Stern layer polarization model in freezing conditions. We observe two polarization mechanisms, one associated with the effect of the change in the liquid water content and its salinity upon the polarization of the porous material. A second mechanism, at higher frequencies (>10 Hz), is likely associated with the polarization of ice. At low frequencies and above the freezing point, the in‐phase and quadrature conductivities depend on temperature in a predictable way. This dependence is due to the dependence of the mobility of the charge carriers with temperature. Below the freezing point, the in‐phase and quadrature conductivity follow a brutal decay with temperature. This dependence is modeled through an exponential freezing curve function. We were also able to determine how the (apparent) formation factor and surface conductivity change with temperature and water content below the freezing point. Our model is able to replicate the data at low frequencies and predicts correctly the fact that the ratio between the normalized chargeability and the surface conductivity is independent of the water content and temperature and equals a well‐defined dimensionless number R.