bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proxy for atmospheric daytime gaseous sulfuric acid concentration in urban Beijing
Authors: Lu Yiqun , Yan Chao , Fu Yueyun , Chen Yan , Liu Yiliang , Yang Gan , Wang Yuwei , Bianchi Federico , Chu Biwu , Zhou Ying , Yin Rujing , Baalbaki Rima , Garmash Olga , Deng Chenjuan , Wang Weigang , Liu Yongchun , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Jiang Jingkun , Kulmala Markku , Wang Lin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Gaseous sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is known as one of
the key precursors for atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) processes,
but its measurement remains challenging. Therefore, a proxy method that is
able to derive gaseous sulfuric acid concentrations from parameters that can
be measured relatively easily and accurately is highly desirable for the
atmospheric chemistry community. Although such methods are available for
clean atmospheric environments, a proxy that works well in a polluted
atmosphere, such as that found in Chinese megacities, is yet to be developed.
In this study, the gaseous sulfuric acid concentration was measured in
February–March 2018, in urban Beijing using a nitrate based – long
time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (LToF-CIMS). A number of
atmospheric parameters were recorded concurrently including the ultraviolet
radiation B (UVB) intensity, the concentrations of O3,
NOx (sum of NO and NO2), SO2, and HONO,
and aerosol particle number size distributions. A proxy for atmospheric
daytime gaseous sulfuric acid concentration was derived via a statistical
analysis method using the UVB intensity, [SO2], the condensation
sink (CS), [O3], and [HONO] (or [NOx]) as the
predictor variables, where square brackets denote the concentrations of the corresponding species.
In this proxy method, we considered the formation of gaseous sulfuric acid from reactions
of SO2 and OH radicals during the daytime, and the loss of gaseous
sulfuric acid due to its condensation onto the preexisting particles. In
addition, we explored the formation of OH radicals from the conventional
gas-phase photochemistry using O3 as a proxy and from the
photolysis of HONO using HONO (and subsequently NOx) as a
proxy. Our results showed that the UVB intensity and [SO2] are
dominant factors in the production of gaseous sulfuric acid, and that the
simplest proxy could be constructed with the UVB intensity and
[SO2] alone. When the OH radical production from both homogenously
and heterogeneously formed precursors were considered, the relative errors
were reduced by up to 20 %.
Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
Authors: Boy Michael , Thomson Erik S. , Acosta Navarro Juan-C. , Arnalds Olafur , Batchvarova Ekaterina , Bäck Jaana , Berninger Frank , Bilde Merete , Brasseur Zoé , Dagsson-Waldhauserova Pavla , Castarède Dimitri , Dalirian Maryam , de Leeuw Gerrit , Dragosics Monika , Duplissy Ella-Maria , Duplissy Jonathan , Ekman Annica M. L. , Fang Keyan , Gallet Jean-Charles , Glasius Marianne , Gryning Sven-Erik , Grythe Henrik , Hansson Hans-Christen , Hansson Margareta , Isaksson Elisabeth , Iversen Trond , Jonsdottir Ingibjorg , Kasurinen Ville , Kirkevåg Alf , Korhola Atte , Krejci Radovan , Kristjansson Jon Egill , Lappalainen Hanna K. , Lauri Antti , Leppäranta Matti , Lihavainen Heikki , Makkonen Risto , Massling Andreas , Meinander Outi , Nilsson E. Douglas , Olafsson Haraldur , Pettersson Jan B. C. , Prisle Nønne L. , Riipinen Ilona , Roldin Pontus , Ruppel Meri , Salter Matthew , Sand Maria , Seland Øyvind , Seppä Heikki , Skov Henrik , Soares Joana , Stohl Andreas , Ström Johan , Svensson Jonas , Swietlicki Erik , Tabakova Ksenia , Thorsteinsson Throstur , Virkkula Aki , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Wu Yusheng , Zieger Paul , Kulmala Markku 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere–Atmosphere Interactions
in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011–2016,
is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date,
aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues
in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all
Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and
quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback
mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing
Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate
forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific
publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview
of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the
reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in
CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced
with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely
summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather
concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in
climate change–cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
Description of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) station at the Izaña Observatory (2009–2017): measurements and quality control/assurance procedures
Authors: García Rosa Delia , Cuevas Emilio , Ramos Ramón , Cachorro Victoria Eugenia , Redondas Alberto , Moreno-Ruiz José A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) was implemented by
the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) starting observations with nine
stations in 1992, under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization
(WMO). Currently, 59 BSRN stations submit their data to the WCRP. One of
these stations is the Izaña station (station IZA, no. 61) that enrolled
in this network in 2009. This is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife
(Canary Islands, Spain, at 28.3∘ N, 16.5∘ W;
2373 m a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North
Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation
measurements, such as global shortwave radiation (SWD), direct radiation
(DIR), diffuse radiation (DIF) and longwave downward radiation (LWD), and
extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges (UV-A and UV-B),
shortwave upward radiation (SWU) and longwave upward radiation (LWU), and
other ancillary measurements, such as vertical profiles of temperature,
humidity and wind obtained from radiosonde profiles (WMO station no. 60018) and total
column ozone from the Brewer spectrophotometer. The IZA measurements present
high-quality standards since more than 98 % of the data are within the limits
recommended by the BSRN. There is an excellent agreement in the comparison
between SWD, DIR and DIF (instantaneous and daily) measurements with
simulations obtained with the LibRadtran radiative transfer model. The root
mean square error (RMSE) for SWD is 2.28 % for instantaneous values and
1.58 % for daily values, while the RMSE for DIR is 2.00 % for
instantaneous values and 2.07 % for daily values. IZA is a unique station
that provides very accurate solar radiation data in very contrasting
scenarios: most of the time under pristine sky conditions and periodically
under the effects of the Saharan air layer characterized by a high content of
mineral dust. A detailed description of the BSRN program at IZA, including
quality control and quality assurance activities, is given in this work.
Tracing the Subjectivities of the Changing Human: Hegel, Self-Understanding, and Posthuman Objective Freedom
Authors: Rose David Edward 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Technological advances have a direct effect on the self-understanding of the human. The current article offers a diagnosis of changing social practices from a Hegelian philosophical–historical framework. Hegel has an interesting story to tell about the formation of modern identity and its connection to the institutions of justice and property. The modern, Enlightenment self is formed through a need for the rationalization of institutions of punishment and the economic material institutions of private property and capitalism. Such institutions form what he calls the objective freedom of a social fabric, or those institutions that ground and make intelligible the subjective self-understandings of the individuals. The modern subject understands itself as an intentional agent with individual and distinct wants, preferences, and goals atomistically existing within society, not because such an understanding is the best representation of an individual, but because the objective freedom of the society makes it necessarily so that the individual is constructed as an intentional agent and thus becomes one. The aim of this article is to explore and present Hegel’s dual concepts of objective and subjective freedom, to argue that the self is an artificial object, and to show that the Enlightenment self-understanding of an intentional agent is, due to specific technologies, undergoing a fundamental transformation. The main claim is that a new understanding of the “subject” is required to avoid unfreedom in the territorialization of the digital world and its information.
BEHAVIOR OF THE EMERGENCE OF NATIVE FOREST SEEDLINGS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RECOVERY OF THE RIPARIAN FOREST
Authors: Jesus Janisson Batista de , Ferreira Robério Anastácio , Gama Dráuzio Correia 
Published: February 2019

Understanding the behavior of the emergence of native forest seeds is essential to achieve greater successes in forest recovery. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence of native forest species (Cassia grandis L.F., Cecropia pachystachya Trec., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., and Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya (Benth.) L.P.Queiroz.) in riparian areas of the Piauitinga River, in the municipality of Lagarto (state of Sergipe, Brazil). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (DBC) with four blocks in triple scheme (4 x 2 x 6): four forest species emerged (Cassia grandis, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Guazuma ulmifolia, Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya), with and without treatment to overcome dormancy, evaluated every fortnight for 90 days (6 periods). It was verified by the statistical analysis that the four species that had emergencies interacted in the two treatments used throughout the six evaluation periods. The species, in both treatments, presented a large number of seeds emerged in the first weeks after sowing, reducing over time. The species studied have a characteristic pattern of emergence over time, considering both seeds with and without treatment to overcome dormancy.
CONSIDERAÇÕES METODOLÓGICAS SOBRE O TRABALHO DE CAMPO EM INSTITUIÇÕES POLICIAIS MILITARES
Authors: Brunetta Antonio Alberta 
Published: February 2019

O trabalho busca rediscutir questões que considerei como fundamentais durante a realização do trabalho de campo da pesquisa “Reforma Intelectual da Polícia Militar98”, na qual a abordagem metodológica não foi premeditada, mas ousou ultrapassar o limite convencional da instrumentalização de sua prática, de modo a garantir a prerrogativa da “pesquisa como relação social de conhecimento”. Apesar do esforço de sistematização contido nas construções metodológicas das pesquisas sociológicas, essas ficam muito aquém da complexidade real das pesquisas, sobretudo quando se considera as pesquisas e a universidade como entidades que interagem na dinâmica social. Levandose em conta que a produção do conhecimento tem origem e sentido inexorável nas relações sociais que se estabelecem na pesquisa social, é que se busca argumentar em defesa da garantia que a investigação fundamente-se nas relações sociais que a preconizam. A pesquisa - desenvolvida junto à Diretoria de Ensino e Cultura (DEC) da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo (PMESP) e suas cinco escolas (Escola Superior de Soldados, ESSd; Escola Superior de Sargentos, ESSgt; Escola de Educação Física, EEF; Centro de Altos Estudos em Segurança, CAES; Academia de Polícia Militar do Barro Branco, APMBB) - , por meio de entrevistas com os coronéis que as comandam, não pode ser furtar a manter certo distanciamento das questões ideológicas no trato com seus sujeitos, de modo a não confrontar doutrinas e impedir a coleta de dados. No entanto, o pesquisador também não pode se privar, quando confrontado pelas afirmações dos coronéis, a contrapor suas convicções profissionais como síntese de seus posicionamentos ideológicos. A intenção em discutir essas questões se resume à busca por tematizar sobre a produção de pesquisa junto ao universo policial militar, tendo em vista compartilhar procedimentos que não se referem propriamente às questões metodológicas, mas sim às posturas do pesquisador diante de sujeitos cujo pertencimento ao topo da hierarquia militar os torna, aparentemente, tão convictos e rígidos, mas não impossibilitados ao franco diálogo.
An Interprofessional Education Pilot Program on Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) Improves Student Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes
Authors: Van Eeghen Constance , Hitt Juvena , King John G. , Atieno Okech Jane E. , Rouleau Barbara , Melekis Kelly , Kessler Rodger , Pinckney Richard 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundRecent efforts to prepare healthcare professionals to care for patients/clients with substance use problems have incorporated SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) into graduate education programs. No research has examined the benefits and methods of an SBIRT interprofessional education approach for behavioral health graduate students and medical residents. This pilot study examined the implementation of an interprofessional curriculum on SBIRT to improve attitudes, abilities, skills, and knowledge of learners planned by faculty from multiple professions at a state university.MethodsFaculty in Counseling, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Nursing and Social Work departments collaborated to develop an interprofessional curriculum delivered through a small-group and active learning approach. Seventy-one residents and graduate students participated. Pre- and post-training surveys measured self-perceived attitudes, abilities, and skills along with objectively measured knowledge. Analysis examined pre- to post-training changes in scores.ResultsPre-training surveys yielded an 89% response rate; post-training, 85%. Self-perceived attitudes did not change significantly, except a 20% increase in how rewarded learners felt while working with patients/clients with alcohol/drug use disorders (P < .01). Compared to baseline, there was a statistically significant increase in all items of self-perceived ability (P<.01) and all items of self-perceived communication skills (P<=.04). Knowledge mean scores also increased significantly (P < .001) across both primary care and behavioral health learner groups.ConclusionsInterprofessional training in SBIRT produced improvements in ability, skills, knowledge, and some attitudes. Such programs may inform providers who care for patients/clients with substance use problems, thus improving their competence and personal experience.
The Professional Standards Authority: overseeing the health and social care regulators
Authors: Beech Daniel 
Published: February 2019

The Professional Standards Authority (PSA) reviews the fitness-to-practise decisions of all nine health and social care regulators in the UK. In 2016–17, the authority reviewed 4,285 determinations. If the PSA deems a particular decision to be ‘insufficient for the protection of the public’ (previously the test was ‘unduly lenient’), that decision can be referred to the High Court, where it can be reviewed and, if appropriate, overturned. To help illustrate this aspect of the work of the PSA, this report presents the case of a midwife whose fitness to practise had been considered by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), the statutory regulator of nurses and midwives. The PSA considered that the outcome had been unduly lenient (i.e. it was considered under the earlier test), and the High Court agreed. The matter was remitted back to a differently constituted committee of the NMC, where it was decided that the appropriate outcome was that her name should be removed from the register, thereby effectively ending the career of the midwife.
The origin ofOxalis corniculataL.
Authors: Groom Quentin J. , Van der Straeten Jan , Hoste Ivan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundOxalis corniculataL. is a weed with a world-wide distribution and unknown origin. Though it belongs to a section of the genus from South America, the evidence that this species came from there is weak.MethodsWe reviewed the evidence for the origin ofO. corniculatausing herbarium specimens, historic literature and archaeobotanical research. We also summarized ethnobotanical literature to understand where this species is most used by humans as a medicine.ResultsDespite numerous claims that it is native to Europe there is no strong evidence thatO. corniculataoccurred in Europe before the 15th century. Nor is there reliable evidence that it occurred in North or South America before the 19th century. However, there is direct archaeobotanical evidence of it occurring in south–east Asia at least 5,000 years ago. There is also evidence from historic literature and archaeobotany that it reached Polynesia before European expeditions explored these islands. Examination of the traditional use ofO. corniculatademonstrates that is most widely used as a medicine in south–east Asia, which, while circumstantial, also points to a long association with human culture in this area.DiscussionThe most likely origin forO. corniculatais south–east Asia. This is consistent with a largely circum-Pacific distribution of sectionCorniculataeofOxalis. Nevertheless, it is likely thatO. corniculataspread to Europe and perhaps Polynesia before the advent of the modern era through trade routes at that time.
Fukuchiyo sake brewery | steel wall gallery
Authors: Hirase Yujin , Hirase Yuko , Moribe Yasushi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis project is a renovation of the old rice mill, a Registered Tangible Cultural Property, into a gallery. Because it is a Cultural Property, it is virtually impossible to change its appearance and shape, so the exterior wall is landscaped with burned cedars. The building was used as a warehouse for a long time and was in a state where it was leaning structurally against the next building. In this project, we reinforced the structure in two ways: by modifying the tilt by raising the weight of the roof, and by inserting a new mill scale steel under the beam.
Monasteries, late antique
Authors: Blanke Louise 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Textual sources and archaeological remains document a plethora of monasteries throughout the Late Antique Mediterranean world. Until recently, literary sources, such as hagiographies, served as the primary evidence for the monastic movement, resulting in scholars seeing the eremitic, semi‐eremitic, and coenobitic (communal) lifestyles as its main expressions. Archaeological surveys and excavations of monastic sites have nuanced this picture and underlined the complexity and diversity of not only the monasteries’ internal organization, but also their geographical setting and economic realities. Late Antique monasteries in the eastern Mediterranean (especially Egypt and Palestine) are well represented both archaeologically and textually while early monasteries in the western Mediterranean are mainly known from textual sources.
Iavolenus Priscus (C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L. Iavolenus Priscus)
Authors: Randazzo Salvo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The career of the “Sabinian” jurist Iavolenus Priscus is distinguished by important and prestigious political and military positions. From these experiences emerges a jurist who moves with singular confidence between legal scholarship and professional pragmatism, such that, in his definitiones, the divergence between his thinking and the unshakeable principles of the sectae (the “schools” of jurists in his day) offers contemporary jurisprudence a form of legal thought that is both modern and concrete in nature.
Thermoelectric GeTe with Diverse Degrees of Freedom Having Secured Superhigh Performance
Authors: Hong Min , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDriven by the ability to harvest waste heat into reusable electricity and the exclusive role of serving as the power generator for deep spacecraft, intensive endeavors are dedicated to enhancing the thermoelectric performance of ecofriendly materials. Herein, the most recent progress in superhigh‐performance GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials is reviewed with a focus on the crystal structures, phase transitions, resonant bondings, multiple valance bands, and phonon dispersions. These features diversify the degrees of freedom to tune the transport properties of electrons and phonons for GeTe. On the basis of the optimized carrier concentration, strategies of alignment of multiple valence bands and density‐of‐state resonant distortion are employed to further enhance the thermoelectric performance of GeTe‐based materials. To decrease the thermal conductivity, methods of strengthening intrinsic phonon–phonon interactions and introducing various lattice imperfections as scattering centers are highlighted. An overview of thermoelectric devices assembled from GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials is then presented. In conclusion, possible future directions for developing GeTe in thermoelectric applications are proposed. The achieved high thermoelectric performance in GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials with rationally established strategies can act as a reference for broader materials to tailor their thermoelectric performance.
Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Bistrifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Oh Hyunseok , Park Areum , Jeong Kyu‐Sung , Han Soo Bong , Lee Hyuk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany efficient catalytic methods for the introduction of trifluoromethyl group (CF3) have been reported. Among them, the addition of CF3 and other components to alkenes is well known, and many components such as azides, cyanides, amines, and halides have been inserted into alkenes with CF3. However, to date the double catalytic insertion of CF3 into an alkene is unknown. Herein, we report the catalytic 1,2‐bistrifluoromethylations of alkenes catalyzed by Copper (Cu). We used two CF3 sources, namely Umemoto's reagent and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3). Each reagent plays a unique role during this transformation; Umemoto's reagent generates CF3 radicals, while TMSCF3 is used to form CF3 anions. Copper (I) bromide (CuBr) exhibited the best catalytic activity for this reaction. We believe that CuBr oxidizes the alkyl radical, which is produced by the addition of the CF3 radical to the alkene, to the corresponding alkyl cation, which then reacts with the CF3 anion from TMSCF3 to produce the desired product. This reaction tolerates a diverse set of substrates bearing functional groups such as amides, esters, ethers, ketones, protected amines, tertiary amines, and phthalimides; hence this transformation is widely applicable to a wide variety of substrates.magnified image