bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall downs should not fall out: Blunt cerebrovascular injury in geriatric patients after low-energy trauma is common
Authors: Flashburg Erika , Ong Adrian W. , Muller Alison , Sherwood Alicia , Wilhelm Sara , Zavilla Jared , Martin Anthony P. , Castor Laura , Barbera Spencer C. , Reinhart Reid , Layser Shane , McBride William C. , Romeo Michael , Fernandez Forrest B. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
There are limited data examining the impact of screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) in the geriatric population sustaining falls. We hypothesize that BCVI screening in this cohort would rarely identify injuries that would change management.

METHODS
A retrospective study (2012–2016) identified patients 65 years or older with Abbreviated Injury Scores for the head and neck region or face region of 1 or greater after falls of 5 ft or less. Patients who met the expanded Denver criteria for BCVI screening were included for analysis. Outcomes were change in management (defined as the initiation of medical, surgical or endovascular therapy for BCVI), stroke attributable to BCVI, in-hospital mortality and acute kidney injury. Univariate analysis was performed where appropriate. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS
Of 997 patients, 257 (26%) met criteria for BCVI screening after exclusions. The BCVI screening occurred in 100 (39%), using computed tomographic angiography for screening in 85% of patients. Patients who were not screened (n = 157) were more likely to be on preinjury antithrombotic drugs and to have worse renal function compared with the screened group. There were 23 (23%) BCVIs diagnosed in the screened group while one (0.7%) in the nonscreened group had a delayed diagnosis of BCVI. Of the 24 patients with BCVI, 15 (63%) had a change in management, consisting of the initiation of antiplatelet therapy. Comparing the screened to the nonscreened groups, 14% versus 0.7% (p < 0.0001) had a change in management. The screened group had a higher 30-day stroke rate (7% vs. 1%, p = 0.03) but there were no differences in the stroke rate attributable to BCVI (1% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.99), mortality (6% vs. 8%, p = 0.31) or acute kidney injury (5% vs. 6%, p = 0.40).

CONCLUSION
In geriatric patients with low-energy falls meeting criteria for BCVI screening, BCVIs were commonly diagnosed when screened, and the majority of those with BCVI had a change in management. These findings support BCVI screening in this geriatric cohort.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level IV.
The Dopamine Receptor Antagonism of Opipramol: Relevance to Parkinsonism?
Authors: Rozanski Verena , Laux Gerd , Schwarz Johannes 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Drug-induced Parkinsonism (DIP) represents the second most-frequent etiology of Parkinson syndromes after neurodegenerative disorders. It has been described mainly for antipsychotics, Ca++-channel blockers, antiemetics, and gastrointestinal prokinetics. In this article, we present a clinical case series of 10 patients, retrieved within our movement disorders hospital, with DIP under intake of opipramol. Symptoms completely resolved after drug withdrawal, and associated risk factors were old age, high doses, and presence of cortical atrophy. This frequently prescribed anxiolytic drug has so far not been associated with DIP. Our objective is to raise awareness of DIP as an adverse effect of opipramol.
Levetiracetam-Related Mania-Like Symptoms: An Adolescent Case
Authors: Ekinci Nuran , Güneş Serkan , Ekinci Özalp , Kalinli Merve , Okuyaz Çetin , Direk Meltem Çobanoğullari 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic agent that is used for partial and generalized epilepsy. Although it is well tolerated in most cases, behavioral and nonbehavioral adverse effects may be observed. Among behavioral symptoms, depression, hostility, and agitation have been frequently reported. However, mania or mania-like symptoms are relatively rare, especially in children and adolescents. Hereby, we report mania-like symptoms with levetiracetam use in a 15-year-old boy. Mania-like symptoms emerged 3 weeks after starting levetiracetam and disappeared after adding risperidone to ongoing levetiracetam treatment.
Effects of Varying Intranasal Treatment Regimens in ST266-Mediated Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection
Authors: Khan Reas S. , Dine Kimberly , Wessel Howard , Brown Larry , Shindler Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
Previous studies have shown that intranasally administered ST266, a novel biological secretome of amnion‐derived multipotent progenitor cells containing multiple growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines, attenuated visual dysfunction and prevented retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in experimental optic neuritis. Long-term effects and dose escalation studies examined here have not been reported previously.

Methods:
Optic neuritis was induced in the multiple sclerosis model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE and control mice were treated once or twice daily with intranasal placebo/vehicle or ST266 beginning after onset of optic neuritis for either 15 days or continuously until sacrifice. Visual function was assessed by optokinetic responses (OKRs). RGC survival and optic nerve inflammation and demyelination were measured.

Results:
Both once and twice daily continuous intranasal ST266 treatment from disease onset to 56 days after EAE induction significantly increased OKR scores, decreased RGC loss, and reduced optic nerve inflammation and demyelination compared with placebo (saline, nonspecific protein solution, or cell culture media)-treated EAE mice. ST266 treatment given for just 15 days after disease onset, then discontinued, only delayed OKR decreases, and had limited effects on RGC survival and optic nerve inflammation 56 days after disease induction.

Conclusions:
ST266 is a potential neuroprotective therapy to prevent RGC damage, and intranasal delivery warrants further study as a novel mechanism to deliver protein therapies for optic neuropathies. Results suggest that once daily ST266 treatment is sufficient to sustain maximal benefits and demonstrate that neuroprotective effects promoted by ST266 are specific to the combination of factors present in this complex biologic therapy.
Risk and Economic Burden of Peristomal Skin Complications Following Ostomy Surgery
Authors: Taneja Charu , Netsch Debra , Rolstad Bonnie Sue , Inglese Gary , Eaves Deanna , Oster Gerry 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and economic burden of peristomal skin complications (PSCs) following ostomy surgery.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study based on electronic health records and administrative data stores at a large US integrated healthcare system.

SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS:
The sample comprised 168 patients who underwent colostomy (ICD-9-CM 46.1X) (n = 108), ileostomy (46.2X) (n = 40), cutaneous ureteroileostomy (56.5X), or other external urinary diversion (56.6X) (n = 20) between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014. The study setting was an integrated health services organization that serves more than 2 million persons in the northeastern United States.

METHODS:
We scanned electronic health records of all study subjects to identify those with evidence of PSCs within 90 days of ostomy surgery and then examined healthcare utilization and costs over 120 days, beginning with date of surgery, among patients with and without evidence of PSCs. Testing for differences in continuous measures between the 3 ostomy groups was based on one-way analysis of variance; testing for differences in such measures between the PSC and non-PSC groups was based on a t statistic, and the χ2 statistic was used to test for differences in categorical measures.

RESULTS:
Sixty-one subjects (36.3%) had evidence of PSCs within 90 days of ostomy surgery (ileostomy, 47.5%; colostomy, 36.1%; urinary diversion, 15.0%; P < .05 for differences between groups). Among patients with evidence of PSCs, the mean (SD) time from surgery to first notation of this complication was 26.4 (19.0) days; it was 24.1 (13.2) days for ileostomy, 27.2 (21.1) days for colostomy, and 31.7 (25.7) days for urinary diversion (P = .752). Patients with PSCs were more likely to be readmitted to hospital by day 120 (55.7% vs 35.5% for those without PSCs; P = .011). The mean length of stay for patients readmitted to hospital was 11.0 days for those with PSCs and 6.8 days for those without PSCs (P = .111). The mean total healthcare cost over 120 days was $58,329 for patients with evidence of PSCs and $50,298 for those without evidence of PSCs (P = .251).

CONCLUSIONS:
Approximately one-third of ostomy patients developed PSCs within 90 days of their surgery. Peristomal skin complications are associated with a greater likelihood of hospital readmission. Our findings corroborate results of earlier studies.
Nurses' Knowledge and Practices Related to Pressure Injury
Authors: Aydın Arzu Karabağ , Karadağ Ayişe , Gül Şenay , Avşar Pınar , Baykara Zehra Göçmen 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pressure injury and identify relationships between these factors and professional nurse characteristics.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional, descriptive study.

SETTING AND SUBJECTS:
The sample comprised 347 nurses attending the 2013 and 2015 Wound Management Congresses. The meetings were organized by the Wound Management Association located in Antalya, Turkey.

METHODS:
A 35-item data collection form was designed for purposes of this study. It divided into 2 parts: 8 items queried demographic and professional characteristics of nurse respondents. The second part comprised 9 cases describing patients with pressure injury; these cases were associated with 27 items querying pressure injury-related knowledge and practices. Demographic and professional characteristics of nurse respondents were summarized via descriptive statistics. The Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to identify relationships between nurse characteristics and pressure injury knowledge and practices.

RESULTS:
The mean score for the 27 items related to pressure injury knowledge and practices was 57.37 ± 14.26 out of 100 points. Pressure injury knowledge and practices were positively associated with nurses having a bachelor's and/or postgraduate degree (P = .012), nurses caring for a higher number of patients with pressure injuries per week (P = .042), nurses practicing in intensive care units and wound care clinics (P = .011), nurses with specific education in pressure injury (P = .000), and those indicating adequate skills and knowledge in pressure injury (P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS:
Nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pressure injuries were lower than anticipated in this sample. We recommend additional education and training activities to increase nurses' knowledge and practices related to pressure injury.
BDNF Genotype and Baseline Serum Levels in Relation to Electroconvulsive Therapy Effectiveness in Treatment-Resistant Depressed Patients
Authors: Maffioletti Elisabetta , Gennarelli Massimo , Gainelli Giulio , Bocchio-Chiavetto Luisella , Bortolomasi Marco , Minelli Alessandra 
Published: March 2019

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) represents one of the most effective therapies for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin implicated in major depressive disorder and in the effects of different therapeutic approaches, including ECT. Both BDNF peripheral levels and Val66Met polymorphism have been suggested as biomarkers of treatment effectiveness. The objective of this study was to test the potential of serum BDNF levels and Val66Met polymorphism in predicting ECT outcome in TRD patients.

Methods
Seventy-four TRD patients scheduled to undergo ECT were included in the study. Illness severity was assessed through the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale before beginning ECT (T0), the day after the end of ECT (T1), and 1 month after the end of ECT (T2). At T1, patients were classified as responders/nonresponders and remitters/nonremitters, whereas at T2, they were classified as sustained responders/nonresponders and sustained remitters/nonremitters. Serum concentrations of BDNF were measured at T0, and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped.

Results
No difference in BDNF concentrations was observed in responders versus nonresponders, in remitters versus nonremitters, in sustained responders versus sustained nonresponders, and in sustained remitters versus sustained nonremitters. No association of Val66Met polymorphism was detected with both the response and the remission status.

Conclusions
Baseline serum BDNF levels and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism showed no clinical utility in predicting ECT outcome in TRD patients.
Afucosylated maternal anti-dengue IgGs are a biomarker for susceptibility to dengue disease in their infants
Authors: Thulin Natalie K. , Brewer R. Camille , Sherwood Robert , Bournazos Stylianos , Edwards Karlie G. , Ramadoss Nitya S. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. , Memoli Matthew , Jagannathan Prasanna , Zhang Sheng , Libraty Daniel H. , Wang Taia T. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryInfant mortality from dengue disease is a devastating global health burden that could be minimized with the ability to identify susceptibility for severe disease prior to infection. While most primary infant dengue infections are asymptomatic, maternally derived anti-dengue IgGs present during infection can trigger progression to severe disease through antibody-dependent enhancement mechanisms. Importantly, specific characteristics of maternal IgGs that herald progression to severe infant dengue are unknown. Here, we define ≥10% afucosylation of maternal anti-dengue IgGs as a biomarker for susceptibility of infants to symptomatic dengue infections. Mechanistic experiments show that anti-dengue afucosylation, a modification that enhances Fc affinity for the activating receptor FcγRIIIa, promotes infection of FcγRIIIa+ monocytes. FcγRIIIa signaling, in turn, enhances a post-entry step of dengue virus replication. These studies identify a biomarker that can be applied to reduce mortality associated with dengue viruses and define a mechanism by which afucosylated antibodies and FcγRIIIa enhance dengue infections.
GSTM1 copy number is not associated with risk of kidney failure in a large cohort
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Zafar Waleed , Hartzel Dustin N. , Williams Marc S. , Tin Adrienne , Chang Alexander R. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Lee Ming Ta M. ,   on behalf of the DiscovEHR collaboration
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeletion of glutathione S-transferase µ1 (GSTM1) is common in populations and has been asserted to associate with chronic kidney disease progression in some research studies. The association needs to be validated. We estimated GSTM1 copy number using whole exome sequencing data in the DiscovEHR cohort. Kidney failure was defined as requiring dialysis or receiving kidney transplant using data from the electronic health record and linkage to the United States Renal Data System, or the most recent eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m2. In a cohort of 46,983 unrelated participants, 28.8% of blacks and 52.1% of whites had 0 copies of GSTM1. Over a mean of 9.2 years follow-up, 645 kidney failure events were observed in 46,187 white participants, and 28 in 796 black participants. No significant association was observed between GSTM1 copy number and kidney failure in Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, genetic principal components, or co-morbid conditions (hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke), whether using a genotypic, dominant, or recessive model. In sensitivity analyses, GSTM1 copy number was not associated with kidney failure in participants that were 45 years or older at baseline, had baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, or with baseline year between 1996-2002. In conclusion, we found no association between GSTM1 copy number and kidney failure in a large cohort study.Translational StatementDeletion of GSTM1 has been shown to be associated with higher risk of kidney failure. However, inconsistent results have been reported. We used electronic health record and whole exome sequencing data of a large cohort from a single healthcare system to evaluate the association between GSTM1 copy number and risk of kidney failure. We found no significant association between GSTM1 copy number and risk of kidney failure overall, or in multiple sensitivity and subgroup analyses.
Mechanistic characterization of RASGRP1 variants identifies an hnRNP K-regulated transcriptional enhancer contributing to SLE susceptibility
Authors: Molineros Julio E. , Singh Bhupinder , Terao Chikashi , Okada Yukinori , Kaplan Jakub , McDaniel Barbara , Akizuki Shuji , Sun Celi , Webb Carol , Looger Loren L. , Nath Swapan K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. We recently identified a novel SLE susceptibility locus near RASGRP1, which governs the ERK/MAPK kinase cascade and B-/T-cell differentiation and development. However, precise causal RASGRP1 functional variant(s) and their mechanisms of action in SLE pathogenesis remain undefined. Our goal was to fine-map this locus, prioritize genetic variants according to likely functionality, experimentally validate the contribution of three SNPs to SLE risk, and experimentally determine their biochemical mechanisms of action. We performed a meta-analysis across six Asian and European cohorts (9,529 cases; 22,462 controls), followed by in silico bioinformatic and epigenetic analyses to prioritize potentially functional SNPs. We experimentally validated the functional significance and mechanism of action of three SNPs in cultured T-cells. Meta-analysis identified 18 genome-wide significant (p<5×10−8) SNPs, mostly concentrated in two haplotype blocks, one intronic and the other intergenic. Epigenetic fine-mapping, allelic, eQTL and imbalance analyses predicted three transcriptional regulatory regions with four SNPs (rs7170151, rs11631591-rs7173565, and rs9920715) prioritized for functional validation. Luciferase reporter assays indicated significant allele-specific enhancer activity for intronic rs7170151 and rs11631591-rs7173565 in T-lymphoid (Jurkat) cells, but not in HEK293 cells. Following up with EMSA, mass spectrometry and ChIP-qPCR, we detected allele-dependent interactions between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) and rs11631591. Furthermore, inhibition of hnRNP-K in Jurkat and primary T-cells downregulated RASGRP1 and ERK/MAPK signaling. Comprehensive association, bioinformatics, and epigenetic analyses yielded putative functional variants of RASGRP1, which were experimentally validated. Notably, intronic variant (rs11631591) is located in a cell type-specific enhancer sequence, where its risk allele binds to the hnRNP-K protein and modulates RASGRP1 expression in Jurkat and primary T-cells. As risk allele dosage of rs11631591 correlates with increased RASGRP1 expression and ERK activity, we suggest that this SNP may underlie SLE risk at this locus.
Implicit semantic prediction error can account for N400 effects on articles that do not differ in meaning: A neural network model
Authors: Rabovsky Milena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractN400 effects on indefinite articles (a/an) compatible or incompatible with expected nouns have been initially taken as strong evidence for probabilistic pre-activation of phonological word forms, and recently been intensely debated because they have been difficult to replicate. Here, we simulate these effects using a neural network model of sentence comprehension that we previously used to simulate a broad range of empirical N400 effects. The model produces the effects when the cue validity of the articles concerning upcoming noun meaning is high, but fails to produce the effects when the cue validity of the articles is low due to adjectives presented between articles and nouns during training, providing a possible explanation for the small size of the effects in empirical studies. The model accounts for article induced N400 effects without assuming pre-activation of word forms, and instead simulates these effects as the stimulus-induced change in a probabilistic representation of meaning corresponding to an implicit semantic prediction error.
The midbody interactome reveals new unexpected roles for PP1 phosphatases in cytokinesis
Authors: Capalbo Luisa , Bassi Zuni I. , Geymonat Marco , Todesca Sofia , Copoiu Liviu , Enright Anton , Callaini Giuliano , Riparbelli Maria Giovanna , Yu Lu , Choudhary Jyoti , Ferrero Enrico , Wheatley Sally , Douglas Max E. , Mishima Masanori , D’Avino Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe midbody is an organelle assembled at the intercellular bridge that connects the two daughter cells at the end of mitosis. It is composed of a multitude of proteins, organized in a precise and stereotyped pattern, that control the final separation of the daughter cells and prevent incorrect genome segregation. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that the midbody is involved in many other important processes, including cell fate, pluripotency, apical-basal polarity, tissue organization, and cilium and lumen formation. Understanding the regulation and interactions of midbody proteins is therefore essential to unravel how this organelle executes its multiple functions. Here, we report the first experimentally-based characterization of the intricate midbody protein-protein interaction network (interactome), which identifies a plethora of novel interactions and provides an extremely valuable resource for dissecting the multiple roles of the midbody. Initial analysis of this interactome already revealed that PP1β-MYPT1 phosphatase regulates microtubule dynamics in late cytokinesis and de-phosphorylates the kinesin component MKLP1/KIF23 of the centralspindlin complex, a key cytokinesis regulator. This de-phosphorylation antagonizes Aurora B kinase in order to modify the functions of centralspindlin and its interactions in late cytokinesis. Our findings expand the repertoire of PP1 functions during mitosis and indicate that spatiotemporal changes in the distribution of kinases and counteracting phosphatases finely tune the activity of cytokinesis proteins.
Decoding P300 Variability using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Solon Amelia J. , Lawhern Vernon J. , Touryan Jonathan , McDaniel Jonathan R. , Ries Anthony J. , Gordon Stephen M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have previously been shown to be useful tools for signal decoding and analysis in a variety of complex domains, such as image processing and speech recognition. By learning from large amounts of data, the representations encoded by these deep networks are often invariant to moderate changes in the underlying feature spaces. Recently, we proposed a CNN architecture that could be applied to electroencephalogram (EEG) decoding and analysis. In this article, we train our CNN model using data from prior experiments in order to later decode the P300 evoked response from an unseen, hold-out experiment. We analyze the CNN output as a function of the underlying variability in the P300 response and demonstrate that the CNN output is sensitive to the experiment-induced changes in the neural response. We then assess the utility of our approach as a means of improving the overall signal-to-noise ratio in the EEG record. Finally, we show an example of how CNN-based decoding can be applied to the analysis of complex data.