bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Injuries Induced by Hydrostatic Pressure Associated With Mass Effect after Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Guo Tingwang , Ren Peng , Li Xiaofei , Luo Tiantian , Gong Yuhua , Hao Shilei , Wang Bochu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMass effect induced by growing hematoma is one of the mechanisms by which intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may result in brain injuries. Our goal was to investigate the damage mechanism of hydrostatic pressure associated with mass effect and the cooperative effect of hydrostatic pressure plus hemoglobin on neural injuries. Loading hydrostatic pressure on neurons and injecting agarose gel in the right striatum of rats was performed to establish the in vitro and vivo ICH models, respectively. The elevated hydrostatic pressure associated with ICH suppressed neurons and neural tissues viability, and disturbed the axons and dendrites in vitro and vivo. Moreover, hydrostatic pressure could upregulate the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and BAX, and downregulate Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Meanwhile, the toxicity of hemoglobin would be enhanced when conducted with hydrostatic pressure together. Furthermore, the exclusive hydrostatic pressure could upregulate the Piezo-2 expression, which reached a plateau at 8 h after ICH. And hemoglobin increased Piezo-2 expression significantly in vivo, and that was also promoted significantly by the elevated volume of Gel in the cooperative groups. Results indicated that hydrostatic pressure induced by mass effect not only gave rise to brain injuries directly, but also increased the toxicity of hemoglobin in the progress of secondary brain injury after ICH.
Optical imaging featuring both long working distance and high spatial resolution by correcting the aberration of a large aperture lens
Authors: Choi Changsoon , Song Kyung-Deok , Kang Sungsam , Park Jin-Sung , Choi Wonshik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh-resolution optical imaging within thick objects has been a challenging task due to the short working distance of conventional high numerical aperture (NA) objective lenses. Lenses with a large physical diameter and thus a large aperture, such as microscope condenser lenses, can feature both a large NA and a long working distance. However, such lenses suffer from strong aberrations. To overcome this problem, we present a method to correct the aberrations of a transmission-mode imaging system that is composed of two condensers. The proposed method separately identifies and corrects aberrations of illumination and collection lenses of up to 1.2 NA by iteratively optimizing the total intensity of the synthetic aperture images in the forward and phase-conjugation processes. At a source wavelength of 785 nm, we demonstrated a spatial resolution of 372 nm at extremely long working distances of up to 1.6 mm, an order of magnitude improvement in comparison to conventional objective lenses. Our method of converting microscope condensers to high-quality objectives may facilitate increases in the imaging depths of super-resolution and expansion microscopes.
A Novel Metamaterial-Inspired RF-coil for Preclinical Dual-Nuclei MRI
Authors: Hurshkainen Anna , Nikulin Anton , Georget Elodie , Larrat Benoit , Berrahou Djamel , Neves Ana Luisa , Sabouroux Pierre , Enoch Stefan , Melchakova Irina , Belov Pavel , Glybovski Stanislav , Abdeddaim Redha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose, design and test a new dual-nuclei RF-coil inspired by wire metamaterial structures. The coil operates as a result of resonant excitation of hybridized eigenmodes in multimode flat periodic structures comprising several coupled thin metal strips. It was shown that the field distribution of the coil (i.e. penetration depth) can be controlled independently at two different Larmor frequencies by selecting a proper eigenmode in each of two mutually orthogonal periodic structures. The proposed coil requires no lumped capacitors to be tuned and matched. In order to demonstrate the performance of the new design, an experimental preclinical coil for 19F/1H imaging of small animals at 7.05T was engineered and tested on a homogeneous liquid phantom and in-vivo. The results demonstrate that the coil was both well tuned and matched at two Larmor frequencies and allowed image acquisition at both nuclei. In an in-vivo experiment, it was shown that without retuning the setup it was subsequently possible to obtain anatomical 1H images of a mouse under anesthesia with 19F images of a tiny tube filled with a fluorine-containing liquid and attached to the body of the mouse.
Alterations of mTOR signaling impact metabolic stress resistance in colorectal carcinomas with BRAF and KRAS mutations
Authors: Fritsche-Guenther Raphaela , Zasada Christin , Mastrobuoni Guido , Royla Nadine , Rainer Roman , Roßner Florian , Pietzke Matthias , Klipp Edda , Sers Christine , Kempa Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is as a hallmark of cancer, and several studies have reported that BRAF and KRAS tumors may be accompanied by a deregulation of cellular metabolism. We investigated how BRAFV600E and KRASG12V affect cell metabolism, stress resistance and signaling in colorectal carcinoma cells driven by these mutations. KRASG12V expressing cells are characterized by the induction of glycolysis, accumulation of lactic acid and sensitivity to glycolytic inhibition. Notably mathematical modelling confirmed the critical role of MCT1 designating the survival of KRASG12V cells. Carcinoma cells harboring BRAFV600E remain resistant towards alterations of glucose supply or application of signaling or metabolic inhibitors. Altogether these data demonstrate that an oncogene-specific decoupling of mTOR from AMPK or AKT signaling accounts for alterations of resistance mechanisms and metabolic phenotypes. Indeed the inhibition of mTOR in BRAFV600E cells counteracts the metabolic predisposition and demonstrates mTOR as a potential target in BRAFV600E-driven colorectal carcinomas.
Super-resolution three-dimensional fluorescence and optical diffraction tomography of live cells using structured illumination generated by a digital micromirror device
Authors: Shin Seungwoo , Kim Doyeon , Kim Kyoohyun , Park YongKeun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a multimodal approach for measuring the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) and fluorescence distributions of live cells by combining optical diffraction tomography (ODT) and 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM). A digital micromirror device is utilized to generate structured illumination patterns for both ODT and SIM, which enables fast and stable measurements. To verify its feasibility and applicability, the proposed method is used to measure the 3D RI distribution and 3D fluorescence image of various samples, including a cluster of fluorescent beads, and the time-lapse 3D RI dynamics of fluorescent beads inside a HeLa cell, from which the trajectory of the beads in the HeLa cell is analyzed using spatiotemporal correlations.
Speckle tracking stress echocardiography in children: interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility and the impact of echocardiographic image quality
Authors: Wilke Lucia , Abellan Schneyder Francisca E. , Roskopf Markus , Jenke Andreas C. , Heusch Andreas , Hensel Kai O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpeckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is increasingly used during functional assessments. However, reproducibility and dependence on echocardiographic image quality for speckle tracking stress echocardiography in pediatric patients have not been studied to date. 127 consecutive normotensive children without structural heart disease (mean age 13.4 ± 3.0 years, 50.4% female) underwent a stepwise semisupine cycle ergometric protocol. Left ventricular (LV) myocardial peak strain and strain rate were assessed at rest and during exercise. Interobserver and intraobserver assessments were performed and analyzed regarding echocardiographic image quality. LV peak global strain and strain rate were well reproducible with narrow limits of agreement without any significant bias both at rest and during all stages of exercise testing. Moreover, strain rate reproducibility slightly deteriorated in values between −1.5 and −3 s−1. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in reproducibility between optimal, intermediate and poor quality of echocardiographic images. STE derived strain and strain rate measurements in children are feasible and highly reproducible during semisupine cycle ergometric stress echocardiography. Echocardiographic image quality does not seem to influence strain (rate) reproducibility. Myocardial deformation measurements in images with suboptimal visualization quality must be interpreted with caution.
Substance P modulates bone remodeling properties of murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Authors: Niedermair Tanja , Schirner Stephan , Seebröker Raphael , Straub Rainer H. , Grässel Susanne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClinical observations suggest neuronal control of bone remodeling. Sensory nerve fibers innervating bone, bone marrow and periosteum signal via neurotransmitters including substance P (SP). In previous studies we observed impaired biomechanical and structural bone parameters in tachykinin (Tac) 1-deficient mice lacking SP. Here, we aim to specify effects of SP on metabolic parameters of bone marrow macrophage (BMM)/osteoclast cultures and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-deficient and wildtype (WT) mice. We demonstrated endogenous SP production and secretion in WT bone cells. Absence of SP reduced bone resorption rate, as we found reduced numbers of precursor cells (BMM) and multinucleated osteoclasts and measured reduced cathepsin K activity in Tac1−/− BMM/osteoclast cultures. However, this might partly be compensated by reduced apoptosis rate and increased fusion potential of Tac1−/− precursor cells to enlarged “super” osteoclasts. Contrarily, increased ALP enzyme activity and apoptosis rate during early osteoblast differentiation accelerated osteogenesis and cell death in the absence of SP together with reduced ALP activity of Tac1−/− osteoblasts during late osteogenic differentiation resulting in reduced bone formation at later stages. Therefore, we suggest that absence of SP presumably results in a slight reduction of bone resorption rate but concomitantly in a critical reduction of bone formation and mineralization rate.
Wideband excitation of Fano resonances and induced transparency by coherent interactions between Brillouin resonances
Authors: Pant Ravi , A. Siva Shakthi , Yelikar Anjali B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWideband excitation and control of Fano resonance and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), both of which rely on coherent interaction between two excitation paths, is challenging. It requires precise control and tuning of interacting resonances or coupling between different resonant structures over a wide frequency range. Gain (Stokes) and absorption (anti-Stokes) resonances associated with the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) process can be excited and controlled over a wide frequency range by tuning the pump frequency, its power and profile. We exploit coherent interaction between the Brillouin Stokes and anti-Stokes resonance, in radio frequency domain, to demonstrate Fano and EIT-like resonance over a wide frequency range and control their shape and strength optically and electrically. For the Fano resonance, the asymmetry and polarity are electrically controlled over an unprecedented frequency range (100 MHz–43 GHz) by varying the bias to the intensity modulator whereas, the strength is varied by tuning the Brillouin pump power and/or the bias. The depth and 3 dB linewidth of the transparency window in the EIT-like resonance are controlled using pump and probe parameters. The flexibility of the SBS process that allows wideband electrical and optical control of Fano and EIT-like resonance opens up the potential for applications that range from low-power switching, sensing to tunable RF delay.
Attenuation of Retinal Vascular Development in Neonatal Mice Subjected to Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Zaitoun Ismail S. , Cikla Ulas , Zafer Dila , Udho Eshwar , Almomani Reem , Suscha Andrew , Cengiz Pelin , Sorenson Christine M. , Sheibani Nader 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA significant proportion of children that survive hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) develop visual impairment. These visual deficits are generally attributed to injuries that occur in the primary visual cortex and other visual processing systems. Recent studies suggested that neuronal damage might also occur in the retina. An important structure affecting the viability of retinal neurons is the vasculature. However, the effects of HIE on the retinal neurovasculature have not been systemically evaluated. Here we investigated whether exposure of postnatal day 9 (P9) neonatal mice to HIE is sufficient to induce neurovascular damage in the retina. We demonstrate that the blood vessels on the surface of the retina, from mice subjected to HIE, were abnormally enlarged with signs of degeneration. The intermediate and deep vascular layers in these retinas failed to form normally, particularly in the periphery. All the vascular damages observed here were irreversible in nature up to 100 days post HIE. We also observed loss of retinal neurons, together with changes in both astrocytes and Müller cells mainly in the inner retina at the periphery. Collectively, our findings suggest that HIE results in profound alterations in the retinal vasculature, indicating the importance of developing therapeutic strategies to protect neurovascular dysfunction not only in the brain but also in the retina for infants exposed to HIE.
Bisphenol A exposure during early pregnancy impairs uterine spiral artery remodeling and provokes intrauterine growth restriction in mice
Authors: Müller Judith Elisabeth , Meyer Nicole , Santamaria Clarisa Guillermina , Schumacher Anne , Luque Enrique Hugo , Zenclussen Maria Laura , Rodriguez Horacio Adolfo , Zenclussen Ana Claudia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEndocrine disrupting chemicals are long suspected to impair reproductive health. Bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic activity and therefore the capacity of interfering with endocrine pathways. No studies dissected its short-term effects on pregnancy and possible underlying mechanisms. Here, we studied how BPA exposure around implantation affects pregnancy, particularly concentrating on placentation and uterine remodeling. We exposed pregnant female mice to 50 µg/kg BPA/day or 0.1% ethanol by oral gavage from day 1 to 7 of gestation. High frequency ultrasound was employed to document the presence and size of implantations, placentas and fetuses throughout pregnancy. Blood velocity in the arteria uterina was analyzed by Doppler measurements. The progeny of mothers exposed to BPA was growth-restricted compared to the controls; this was evident in vivo as early as at day 12 as analyzed by ultrasound and confirmed by diminished fetal and placenta weights observed after sacrificing the animals at day 14 of gestation. The remodeling of uterine spiral arteries (SAs) was considerably impaired. We show that short-term exposure to a so-called “safe” BPA dose around implantation has severe consequences. The intrauterine growth restriction observed in more than half of the fetuses from BPA-treated mothers may owe to the direct negative effect of BPA on the remodeling of uterine SAs that limits the blood supply to the fetus. Our work reveals unsuspected short-term effects of BPA on pregnancy and urges to more studies dissecting the mechanisms behind the negative actions of BPA during early pregnancy.
Attenuation of inflammatory responses by (+)-syringaresinol via MAP-Kinase-mediated suppression of NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bajpai Vivek K. , Alam Md Badrul , Quan Khong Trong , Ju Mi-Kyoung , Majumder Rajib , Shukla Shruti , Huh Yun Suk , Na MinKyun , Lee Sang Han , Han Young-Kyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examined the anti-inflammatory effects of (+)-syringaresinol (SGRS), a lignan isolated from Rubia philippinensis, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using enzyme-based immuno assay, Western blotting, and RT-PCR analyses. Additionally, in vivo effects of SGRS in the acute inflammatory state were examined by using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema assay in experimental mice. As a result, treatment with SGRS (25, 50, and 100 μM) inhibited protein expression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as well as production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by LPS. Moreover, SGRS also reduced LPS-induced mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2, including NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, carrageenan-induced paw edema assay validated the in vivo anti-edema effect of SGRS. Interestingly, SGRS (30 mg/kg) suppressed carrageenan-induced elevation of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA levels as well as COX-2 and NF-κB protein levels, suggesting SGRS may possess anti-inflammatory activities.
Comparison of Knee Stability, Strength Deficits, and Functional Score in Primary and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Knees
Authors: Kim Do Kyung , Park Geon , Kadir Kamarulzaman Bin Haji M. S. , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Park Won Hah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComparing to primary surgery, revision ACL reconstruction is more technically demanding and has a higher failure rate. Theoretically, rehabilitation can improve knee function after ACL reconstruction surgery. This study aimed to compare knee stability, strength, and function between primary and revision ACL reconstructed knees. 40 primary and 40 revision ACL reconstruction surgeries were included between April 2013 and May 2016. Patients with revision surgery had a higher anteroposterior translation comparing those with primary reconstruction (median laxity, 2.0 mm vs. 3.0 mm, p = 0.0022). No differences were noted in knee extensor at 60°/sec or 180°/sec (p = 0.308, p = 0.931, respectively) or in flexor muscle strength at 60°/sec or 180°/sec between primary and revision ACL reconstruction knees (p = 0.091, p = 0.343, respectively). There were also no significant differences between functional scores including IKDC score and Lysholm score in primary versus revision surgeries at 12th months after index operation (p = 0.154, p = 0.324, respectively). In conclusion, despite having higher anteroposterior instability, patients with revision ACL reconstruction can have non-inferior outcomes in isokinetic knee strength and function compared to those with primary ACL reconstruction after proper rehabilitation.
The Swallowing Profile of Healthy Aging Adults: Comparing Noninvasive Swallow Tests to Videofluoroscopic Measures of Safety and Efficiency
Authors: Molfenter Sonja M. , Brates Danielle , Herzberg Erica , Noorani Mehak , Lazarus Cathy 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
It has been widely reported that a proportion of healthy, community-dwelling seniors will develop dysphagia in the absence of a known neurological, neuromuscular, or structural cause. Our objective was to test whether various feasible, noninvasive measures of swallowing could differentiate safe versus unsafe and efficient versus inefficient swallowing on videofluoroscopy (VF) in a sample of healthy seniors.

Method
VFs from 44 (21 male, 23 female) healthy community-dwelling seniors (> 65 years old) were compared with a series of feasible, noninvasive swallowing metrics: maximal tongue strength (anterior and posterior), hand grip strength, pharyngeal volume, age, body mass index, 3-oz water swallow challenge, the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool questionnaire, and the Frailty Index. The VF protocol included 9 liquid barium boluses (3 × 5 ml thin, 3 × 20 ml thin, and 3 × 5 ml nectar). Each swallow was rated (randomized and blind) for safety using the Penetration–Aspiration Scale score and for efficiency using the Normalized Residue Ratio Scale (NRRS). Participants were deemed “unsafe” if they had any single Penetration–Aspiration Scale scores ≥ 3 and “inefficient” if they had any NRRS valleculae score > 0.082 or NRRS pyriform sinus score > 0.067. Univariate analyses of variance were run for each continuous swallowing measure by swallowing safety and swallowing efficiency status. Pearson's chi-square analyses were used to compare binary outcomes by swallow safety and efficiency status. Bonferroni corrections were applied to control for multiple comparisons.

Results

None of the swallowing measures significantly differentiated safe from unsafe swallows. Although several variables trended to distinguishing efficient from inefficient swallows (age, 10-item Eating Assessment Tool, 3-oz water swallow challenge), only one variable, pharyngeal volume, was significantly different between efficient and inefficient swallows (
p
= .002).

Conclusion
Our findings support the notion that larger pharyngeal volumes (measured using acoustic pharyngometry) are associated with worse swallowing efficiency, a finding we attribute to atrophy of the pharyngeal musculature in healthy aging.
Perkussion des Thorax und der Lunge
Authors: Herzog Michael , Sengebusch Jürgen 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDas Beklopfen des Thorax ist in vielen Fällen notwendig, um Befunde des Atemapparats zu differenzieren. Man kann zwischen hyposonorem und hypersonorem Klopfschall unterscheiden, der Auskunft über darunterliegendes Gewebe und mögliche Erkrankungen gibt. Durch die Perkussion können außerdem Zwerchfellstand und -verschieblichkeit ermittelt werden.
Die Plica im Kniegelenk
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDie Plica ist eine Falte in der Gelenkschleimhaut des Kniegelenks. Sie zieht sich im Laufe des Längenwachstums zurückund ist bei 50 % der Menschen nicht nachweisbar. Sie kann im Kniegelenk als zusätzliche Gleitfläche zwischen Femur und Tibia dienen und bei mechanischer Überlastung schmerzhaft anschwellen.
Ösophagusfunktionsszintigrafie
Authors: Tatsch Klaus 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Ösophagusfunktionsszintigrafie ist ein einfach durchführbares, nicht invasives, quantifizierendes Verfahren zur Objektivierung einer Störung der Boluspassage durch die Speiseröhre. Die Methode dient primär der Diagnostik von Motilitätsstörungen des tubulären Ösophagusabschnitts. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die Durchführung, Auswertung und Interpretation szintigrafischer Untersuchungen des Bolustransits, wobei die Grundzüge der visuellen Interpretation von Passagebildern sowie die Möglichkeiten der quantitativen Auswertung dargelegt werden. An typischen Befundmustern werden die art- und differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung von Motilitätsstörungen erörtert.