bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructured Fibers for the Production of Food
Authors: Sordo Federica , Janecek Emma‐Rose , Qu Yunpeng , Michaud Véronique , Stellacci Francesco , Engmann Jan , Wooster Tim J. , Sorin Fabien 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFood engineering faces the difficult challenge of combining taste, i.e., tailoring texture and rheology of food matrices with the balanced intake of healthy nutrients. In materials science, fiber suspensions and composites have been developed as a versatile and successful approach to tailor rheology while imparting materials with added functionalities. Structures based on such types of physical (micro)fibers are however rare in food production mainly due to a lack of food‐grade materials and processes allowing for the fabrication of fibers with controlled sizes and microstructures. Here, the controlled fabrication of multi‐material microstructured edible fibers is demonstrated using a food compatible process based on preform‐to‐fiber thermal drawing. It is shown that different material systems based on gelatin or casein, with plasticizers such as glycerol, can be thermally drawn into fibers with various geometries and cross‐sectional structures. It is demonstrated that fibers can exhibit tailored mechanical properties post‐drawing, and can encapsulate nutrients to control their release. The versatility of fiber materials is also exploited to demonstrate the fabrication of food‐grade fabrics and scaffolds for food growth. The end results establish a new field in food production that relies on fiber‐based simple and eco‐friendly processes to realize enjoyable yet healthy and nutritious products.
Conformation‐Controlled Molecular Sieving Effects for Membrane‐Based Propylene/Propane Separation
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Zhijie , Liu Gongping , Belmabkhout Youssef , Adil Karim , Eddaoudi Mohamed , Koros William 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMembrane‐based separation is poised to reduce the operation cost of propylene/propane separation; however, identifying a suitable molecular sieve for membrane development is still an ongoing challenge. Here, the successful identification and use of a metal–organic framework (MOF) material as fillers, namely, the Zr‐fum‐fcu‐MOF possessing an optimal contracted triangular pore‐aperture driving the efficient diffusive separation of propylene from propane in mixed‐matrix membranes are reported. It is demonstrated that the fabricated hybrid membranes display a high propylene/propane separation performance, far beyond the current trade‐off limit of polymer membranes with excellent properties under industrial conditions. Most importantly, the mechanism behind the exceptional high propylene/propane selectivity is delineated by exploring theoretically the efficiency of sieving of different conformers of propane through the hypothesized triangular rigid pore‐aperture of Zr‐fum‐fcu‐MOF.
Biocatalytic Enantioselective Hydroaminations for Production of N‐Cycloalkyl‐Substituted L‐Aspartic Acids Using Two C−N Lyases
Authors: Zhang Jielin , Fu Haigen , Tepper Pieter G. , Poelarends Gerrit J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractN‐cycloalkyl‐substituted amino acids have wide‐ranging applications in pharma‐ and nutraceutical fields. Here we report the asymmetric synthesis of various N‐cycloalkyl‐substituted l‐aspartic acids using ethylenediamine‐N,N′‐disuccinic acid lyase (EDDS lyase) and a previously engineered variant of methylaspartate ammonia lyase (MAL‐Q73A) as biocatalysts. Particularly, EDDS lyase shows broad non‐natural substrate promiscuity and excellent enantioselectivity, allowing the selective addition of homo‐ and heterocycloalkyl amines (comprising four‐, five‐ and six‐membered rings) to fumarate, giving the corresponding N‐cycloalkyl‐substituted l‐aspartic acids with >99% e.e. This biocatalytic methodology offers an alternative synthetic choice to prepare difficult N‐cycloalkyl‐substituted amino acids. Given its very broad amine scope, EDDS lyase is an exceptionally powerful synthetic tool that nicely complements the rapidly expanding toolbox of biocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis of noncanonical amino acids.magnified image
Fibrosis: Shared Lessons From the Lens and Cornea
Authors: Menko A. Sue , Walker Janice L. , Stepp Mary Ann 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRegenerative repair in response to wounding involves cell proliferation and migration. This is followed by the reestablishment of cell structure and organization and a dynamic process of remodeling and restoration of the injured cells' extracellular matrix microenvironment and the integration of the newly synthesized matrix into the surrounding tissue. Fibrosis in the lungs, liver, and heart can lead to loss of life and in the eye to loss of vision. Learning to control fibrosis and restore normal tissue function after injury repair remains a goal of research in this area. Here we use knowledge gained using the lens and the cornea to provide insight into how fibrosis develops and clues to how it can be controlled. The lens and cornea are less complex than other tissues that develop life‐threatening fibrosis, but they are well characterized and research using them as model systems to study fibrosis is leading toward an improved understanding of fibrosis. Here we summarize the current state of the literature and how it is leading to promising new treatments. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Role of CD147 (EMMPRIN/Basigin) in Tissue Remodeling
Authors: Guindolet Damien , Gabison Eric E. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTCD147, also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) or basigin, is expressed in a variety of cell types. It is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling during physiological and pathological processes including wound healing, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. CD147 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target in cancer and inflammatory diseases, either directly or indirectly, by targeting CD147 partners. It can trigger matrix metalloproteinase inductions involved in ECM degradation, cell adhesion, and cell–cell interactions. It can also induce myofibroblast differentiation associated with ECM deposition and contraction. The shift from fibrosis to lysis, and vice versa, is poorly understood and could involve CD147. This article provides an overview of the role of CD147 in the regulation of ECM remodeling processes and discusses the involvement of the microenvironment in the modulation of its downstream effects. Understanding CD147 regulation could help identify new therapeutic intervention. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Maleimide‐functionalized Tetraphenylethene for Measuring and Imaging Unfolded Proteins in Cells
Authors: Zhang Shouxiang , Liu Mengjie , Tan Lewis Yi Fong , Hong Quentin , Pow Ze Liang , Owyong Tze Cin , Ding Siyang , Wong Wallace W. H. , Hong Yuning 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCollapse of the protein homeostasis (proteostasis) can lead to accumulation and aggregation of unfolded proteins, which has been found to associate with a number of disease conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and inflammation. Here we report a maleimide‐functionalized tetraphenylethene (TPE)‐derivatized fluorescent dye, TPE‐NMI, which shows fluorescence turn‐on property upon reacting with unfolded proteins in vitro and in live cells under proteostatic stress conditions. The level of unfolded proteins can be measured by flow cytometry and visualized with confocal microscopy.
Toward Second‐Generation Cardiomyogenic and Anti‐cardiofibrotic 1,4‐Dihydropyridine‐Class TGFβ Inhibitors
Authors: Längle Daniel , Werner Tessa R. , Wesseler Fabian , Reckzeh Elena , Schaumann Niklas , Drowley Lauren , Polla Magnus , Plowright Alleyn T. , Hirt Marc N. , Eschenhagen Thomas , Schade Dennis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInnovative therapeutic modalities for pharmacological intervention of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)‐dependent diseases are of great value. b‐Annelated 1,4‐dihydropyridines (DHPs) might be such a class, as they induce TGFβ receptor type II degradation. However, intrinsic drawbacks are associated with this compound class and were systematically addressed in the presented study. It was possible to install polar functionalities and bioisosteric moieties at distinct sites of the molecules while maintaining TGFβ‐inhibitory activities. The introduction of a 2‐amino group or 7‐N‐alkyl modification proved to be successful strategies. Aqueous solubility was improved by up to seven‐fold at pH 7.4 and 200‐fold at pH 3 relative to the parent ethyl 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate. The therapeutic potential of the presented DHPs was further underscored in view of a potential dual mode of action: The differentiation of committed human iPSC‐derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) was potently stimulated, and the rescue of cardiac fibrosis phenotypes was observed in engineered heart tissue (EHT) constructs.
Incidence and malignancy rates of indeterminate pediatric thyroid nodules
Authors: Wang Huiying , Mehrad Mitra , Ely Kim A. , Liang Jiancong , Solórzano Carmen C. , Neblett Wallace W. , Coogan Alice C. , Weiss Vivian L. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe American Thyroid Association guidelines task force currently recommends definitive thyroidectomy or lobectomy after an indeterminate thyroid biopsy in children. This recommendation is based on evidence of a greater incidence and a higher risk of malignancy compared with adults in earlier pediatric studies. Such management may lead to overtreatment and unnecessary surgery for many children in the United States.MethodsThe objective of the current study was to re‐evaluate pediatric thyroid nodules and assess the overall percentages and malignancy rates for indeterminate thyroid biopsies in children. In total, 302 pediatric thyroid fine‐needle aspirations (FNAs) were analyzed retrospectively (2001‐2018). Distribution percentages and malignancy rates were calculated for each category of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC).ResultsTwo indeterminate TBSRTC groups (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance and follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm) had much lower distribution percentages and malignancy rates compared with earlier pediatric series and American Thyroid Association guidelines. A meta‐analysis further supported these findings and demonstrated distinctly different malignancy rates for the indeterminate groups (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy), suggesting the need for TBSRTC category‐specific management recommendations rather than a nondiscriminatory, up‐front surgical approach.ConclusionsAdult patients with indeterminate preoperative thyroid cytopathology are followed by repeat biopsy and possibly molecular testing before undergoing definitive surgery. However, in children, the guidelines are considerably more aggressive and recommend definitive surgery after the first indeterminate thyroid biopsy. Here, the largest pediatric cohort to date with meta‐analysis is presented, and the authors propose a re‐evaluation of this up‐front approach to pediatric thyroid care.
The Relative Bioavailability and Effects of Food and Acid‐Reducing Agents on Filgotinib Tablets in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Anderson Kacey , Zheng Hao , Kotecha Mona , Cuvin Jennifer , Scott Bob , Sharma Shringi , Qin Ann Ran‐Ran , Namour Florence , Xin Yan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFilgotinib is a potent, selective Janus kinase‐1 inhibitor being developed to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. This phase 1 study in healthy subjects evaluated the relative bioavailability of filgotinib maleate tablets versus the reference tablet (filgotinib hydrochloride) and effects of food and acid‐reducing agents (ARAs) on the pharmacokinetics of filgotinib and its major metabolite. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters of filgotinib and its major metabolite were compared between the 2 tablets at 100‐ and 200‐mg doses and with or without food or ARAs. Filgotinib maleate tablets resulted in equivalent plasma exposures (area under concentration‐time curve to infinity [AUC∞] and maximum concentration [Cmax]) of filgotinib and its metabolite as the reference tablet (90%CIs of geometric least‐squares mean ratios were within the prespecified no‐effect boundary of 70% to 143%). Food intake had no effect on filgotinib AUC∞, but a high‐fat meal reduced Cmax by 20%. Coadministration of filgotinib with omeprazole or famotidine had no effect on filgotinib AUC∞, but omeprazole decreased Cmax by 27%. Neither food nor ARAs affected metabolite exposure. Single‐dose filgotinib 100 or 200 mg was well tolerated. This study supports evaluation of filgotinib maleate tablets, administered without regard to food or ARAs, in future clinical studies.
Effects of Cationic Polyacrylamide on Hydrothermal Formation of Ultralong α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O Whiskers
Authors: Wang Jing , Fan Saiying , Hou Sichao , Chen Ruosong , Xiang Lan , Yang Cheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, ultralong α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers with an average length above 500 µm and aspect ratios of 200–500 are hydrothermally produced employing trace amount (0.06 mg L−1) of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as the morphology modifier. The hydrothermal formation mechanisms of α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O involving the initial nucleation of bassanite nanocrystals/nanorods and their subsequent self‐assembly into long whiskers through oriented attachment are revealed for the first time. Experimental results indicate that CPAM is electrostatically adsorbed onto the initial bassanite nanorods and results in their near‐neutral surfaces, favoring the assembly of the initial nanorods into larger aggregates, thus finally leading to the formation of ultralong α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers with high aspect ratios. Moreover, α‐CaSO4·0.5H2O whiskers are calcined to CaSO4 whiskers for the fabrication of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/CaSO4 composites with a high impact strength and flexural strength of 42.0 KJ m−2 and 53.6 MPa, respectively, indicating that the mechanical properties of the PVC/CaSO4 composites could be significantly improved by these ultralong CaSO4 whiskers.
Two‐year‐supervised resistance training prevented diabetes incidence in people with prediabetes: A randomised control trial
Authors: Dai Xia , Zhai Lu , Chen Qingyun , Miller Joshua D. , Lu Lirong , Hsue Cunyi , Liu Lin , Yuan Xiaodan , Wei Wei , Ma Xiaojun , Fang Zhaohui , Zhao Wenpiao , Liu Yuhua , Huang Feng , Lou Qingqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to explore the long‐term effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and combined training (AT + RT) on the prevention of T2D incidence in patients with prediabetes.Materials and methodsIn this randomised controlled trial, people with prediabetes (fasting glucose ≥5.6 and <7.0 mmol/L and/or 2‐h glucose ≥7.8 and <11.1 mmol/L on the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and/or haemoglobin A1c ≥5.7% and <6.4%) were randomly assigned to the control group, AT group, RT group, or AT + RT group. Supervised exercise programmes, including AT, RT, and AT + RT, were completed for 60 minutes per day, three non‐consecutive days per week for 24 months. The primary outcome was the incidence of T2D; secondary outcomes were blood glucose and lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC) and standard 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance (2hPG).ResultsA total of 137 (80%) subjects with a mean age of 59 years (45 men, 92 women) entered the final analysis. After 24 months of intervention, the incidences of T2D adjusted by sex and age were significantly decreased by 74% (95% CI, 38‐89), 65% (95% CI, 21‐85), and 72% (95% CI, 36‐87) in the AT + RT, RT, and AT groups compared with the control group (HR: AT + RT 0.26 [95% CI, 0.11‐0.62], RT 0.35 [95% CI, 0.15‐0.79], and AT 0.28 [95% CI, 0.13‐0.64]). The cumulative T2D incidences were significantly lower in the AT + RT, RT, and AT groups than in the control group (21%, 26%, and 22% vs 69%). The blood glucose and lipid profiles improved more in the AT, RT, and AT + RT groups than in the control group.ConclusionRT and RT plus AT were as effective as isolated AT in preventing progression to T2D.
Linking warming effects on phenology, demography, and range expansion in a migratory bird population
Authors: Alves José A. , Gunnarsson Tómas G. , Sutherland William J. , Potts Peter M. , Gill Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhenological changes in response to climate change have been recorded in many taxa, but the population‐level consequences of these changes are largely unknown. If phenological change influences demography, it may underpin the changes in range size and distribution that have been associated with climate change in many species. Over the last century, Icelandic black‐tailed godwits (Limosa limosa islandica) have increased 10‐fold in numbers, and their breeding range has expanded throughout lowland Iceland, but the environmental and demographic drivers of this expansion remain unknown. Here, we explore the potential for climate‐driven shifts in phenology to influence demography and range expansion. In warmer springs, Icelandic black‐tailed godwits lay their clutches earlier, resulting in advances in hatching dates in those years. Early hatching is beneficial as population‐wide tracking of marked individuals shows that chick recruitment to the adult population is greater for early hatched individuals. Throughout the last century, this population has expanded into progressively colder breeding areas in which hatch dates are later, but temperatures have increased throughout Iceland since the 1960s. Using these established relationships between temperature, hatching dates and recruitment, we show that these warming trends have the potential to have fueled substantial increases in recruitment throughout Iceland, and thus to have contributed to local population growth and expansion across the breeding range. The demographic consequences of temperature‐mediated phenological changes, such as the advances in lay dates and increased recruitment associated with early hatching reported here, may therefore be key processes in driving population size and range changes in response to climate change.
Age‐specific distributed lag models for heat ‐ related mortality
Authors: Heaton M. J. , Olenick C. R. , Wilhelmi O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDistributed lag (DL) models have been consistently used throughout the years to assess the cumulative impact of multiple days of high heat on public health. DL models, however, are often used on an aggregate level (e.g., city or census tracts) in spite of the fact that the effect of heat on health is individual specific, leading to possible ecological fallacies. To capture more individualized effects of heat on health, we propose a negative binomial regression model where the effect of lagged temperatures is age specific. Utilizing principles of predictive process models, we place appropriate smoothness and decay constraints on the associated DL surfaces. Furthermore, we borrow strength across ages to facilitate the estimation of the age‐specific DL function. Using death certificate data from the Texas Department of State Health Services, we show how different ages are impacted by consecutive days of high heat.
Experimental investigation on smoke spread characteristics and smoke layer height in tunnels
Authors: Xu Zhisheng , Zhao Jiaming , Liu Qiulin , Chen Hongguang , Liu Yaohui , Geng Zhongyang , He Lu 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA series of experiments were carried out in a model‐scale tunnel with dimension of 6.0 m × 1.0 m × 0.7 m to investigate the smoke spread behaviors and the typical smoke layer height. Alcohol was employed as fuel, and the heat release rate was set to be 9.5, 18.4, 30.1, and 63.5 kW, respectively. The temperature profile in the tunnel was measured, and the buoyant flow stratification conditions were visualized by a laser sheet. The experiment results show that the N percentage rule would greatly influence by subjective factors. As the N (10, 20, 30) value increases, the smoke layer height also increases. The results calculated by the buoyancy frequency method were more accurate. Fan's prediction method (Fan WC, Wang QG, Jiang FH. Concise Guide of Fire Science. He Fei: University of Science and Technology of China Press; 1995.161 p.) does not accurately evaluate the smoke layer thickness in tunnel fire. An enhanced empirical formula for predicting the smoke layer thickness in the one‐dimensional horizontal spread stage was proposed. It is shown that the empirical formula could well predict the smoke layer thickness by comparing with the experimental data of previous studies.
Residual response of fire‐damaged high‐strength concrete beams
Authors: Agrawal Ankit , Kodur Venkatesh 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper presents results from an experimental study on residual capacity of fire‐damaged high‐strength concrete (HSC) beams. Four reinforced concrete (RC) beams, fabricated with HSC, were first subject to structural loading and fire exposure with a distinct cooling phase and then loaded to failure upon cooldown to ambient conditions to evaluate residual capacity. Temperatures, deflections, and spalling in the beams were monitored during heating and cooling phases of fire exposure. Further, residual capacity, strains at critical section, and crack patterns (failure mode) of fire‐damaged beams were recorded during residual capacity tests. Results from experiments indicate that the load level during fire exposure, duration of heating phase, rate of cooling, extent (type) of spalling, and duration of postcooling storage influence residual deformations and also residual capacity of RC beams. Further, fire‐damaged HSC beams can recover 40% to 70% of their flexural capacity with respect to their room temperature design capacity provided they survive the entire duration of fire exposure.