bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher periprosthetic fracture rate associated with use of modern uncemented stems compared to cemented stems in femoral neck fractures
Authors: Song Jin Soo A. , Dillman Daryl , Wilson Dave , Dunbar Michael , Richardson Glen 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Hemiarthroplasty is the preferred treatment for displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Recently, short tapered-wedge cementless stems have increasingly been used in this population. However, historic data has consistently shown higher rates of periprosthetic fracture with uncemented stems in hip fracture patients. This study aims to evaluate the rate of periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation and all-cause mortality between cemented and uncemented femoral stem designs including more recent short tapered-wedge cementless stems in hip fracture patients. Methods: A retrospective chart and radiographic review of patients received bipolar hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures from 2010–2016. Patients biologically (age ≥ 65 years) or physiologically (American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class ≥ 3) elderly were eligible. The uncemented group was subdivided into tapered-wedge stems (a broach only system) and reamed uncemented stems. The primary outcome was periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation. Results: We included 657 patients in total, with 296 and 361 patients in the uncemented and cemented stem groups respectively. In the uncemented group there were 197 tapered-wedge and 99 reamed uncemented stems. There was a significantly higher rate of periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation in the uncemented group (3.0% vs. 0.6%) ( p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences in rates of all-cause mortality, infection or all-cause re-operation. Conclusions: Compared to modern uncemented femoral stem designs, cemented stems yield lower rates of periprosthetic fracture requiring re-operation, without increasing risk of all-cause mortality. Tapered-wedge stems had similar rates of re-operation due to periprosthetic fracture as reamed uncemented stems.
Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR for the characterization of leptomeningeal inflammation in optic neuritis
Authors: Pino-Lopez Luis , Wenz Holger , Böhme Johannes , Maros Máté , Schlichtenbrede Frank , Groden Christoph , Förster Alex 
Published: April 2018

Background: Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis and interpreted as a biomarker of inflammation. In this study, we sought to evaluate this phenomenon in patients with optic neuritis (ON). Methods: A total of 42 patients with suspected ON were included in this prospective study and underwent a dedicated study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including native and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed thin-section axial and coronal FLAIR images on an 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) system. Results: After diagnostic workup, 34 patients with final diagnosis of ON were analyzed in detail. On contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR images, 25 (73.5%) patients with ON demonstrated perioptic leptomeningeal enhancement, and in 3 (8.8%) patients, this was even the only pathological MRI finding. In comparison, patients with perioptic leptomeningeal enhancement on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR images had a higher prevalence of additional hyperintense brain lesions ( p = 0.022) as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-specific oligoclonal bands ( p = 0.013) than patients without. Conclusion: Perioptic leptomeningeal contrast enhancement on fat-suppressed FLAIR images is a novel marker in ON and possibly reflects a leptomeningeal inflammatory process preceding or accompanying ON. Thin-section contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR images might be a useful addition in MRI protocols for patients with suspected ON.
Comprehensive systematic review summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rae-Grant Alexander , Day Gregory S. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Rabinstein Alejandro , Cree Bruce A.C. , Gronseth Gary S. , Haboubi Michael , Halper June , Hosey Jonathan P. , Jones David E. , Lisak Robert , Pelletier Daniel , Potrebic Sonja , Sitcov Cynthia , Sommers Rick , Stachowiak Julie , Getchius Thomas S.D. , Merillat Shannon A. , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo review evidence on starting, switching, and stopping disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and progressive MS forms.MethodsRelevant, peer-reviewed research articles, systematic reviews, and abstracts were identified (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE searched from inception to November 2016). Studies were rated using the therapeutic classification scheme. Prior published Cochrane reviews were also used.ResultsTwenty Cochrane reviews and an additional 73 full-text articles were selected for data extraction through an updated systematic review (completed November 2016). For people with RRMS, many DMTs are superior to placebo (annualized relapses rates [ARRs], new disease activity [new MRI T2 lesion burden], and in-study disease progression) (see summary and full text publications). For people with RRMS who experienced a relapse on interferon-β (IFN-β) or glatiramer acetate, alemtuzumab is more effective than IFN-β-1a 44 μg subcutaneous 3 times per week in reducing the ARR. For people with primary progressive MS, ocrelizumab is probably more effective than placebo (in-study disease progression). DMTs for MS have varying adverse effects. In people with CIS, glatiramer acetate and IFN-β-1a subcutaneous 3 times per week are more effective than placebo in decreasing risk of conversion to MS. Cladribine, immunoglobulins, IFN-β-1a 30 μg intramuscular weekly, IFN-β-1b subcutaneous alternate day, and teriflunomide are probably more effective than placebo in decreasing risk of conversion to MS. Suggestions for future research include studies considering comparative effectiveness, usefulness of high-efficacy treatment vs stepped-care protocols, and research into predictive biomarkers.
Biosynthesis and assembly of the Collagen IV-like protein Pericardin inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wilmes Ariane C. , Klinke Nora , Rotstein Barbara , Meyer Heiko , Paululat Achim 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn Drosophila, formation of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) starts during embryogenesis. Assembly and incorporation of structural proteins such as Collagen IV, Pericardin, and Laminin A, B1, and B2 into the cardiac ECM is critical to the maintenance of heart integrity and functionality and, therefore, to longevity of the animal. The cardiac ECM connects the heart tube with the alary muscles; thus, the ECM contributes to a flexible positioning of the heart within the animal's body. Moreover, the cardiac ECM holds the larval pericardial nephrocytes in close proximity to the heart tube and the inflow tract, which is assumed to be critical to efficient haemolymph clearance. Mutations in either structural ECM constituents or ECM receptors cause breakdown of the ECM network upon ageing, with disconnection of the heart tube from alary muscles becoming apparent at larval stages. Finally, the heart becomes non-functional. Here, we characterised existing and new pericardin mutants and investigated biosynthesis, secretion, and assembly of Pericardin in matrices. We identified two new pericardin alleles, which turned out to be a null (pericardin3-548) and a hypomorphic allele (pericardin3-21). Both mutants could be rescued with a genomic duplication of a fosmid coding for the pericardin locus. Biochemical analysis revealed that Pericardin is highly glycosylated and forms redox-dependent multimers. Multimer formation is remarkably reduced in animals deficient for the prolyl-4 hydroxylase cluster at 75D3-4.
Effects of Exercise on ASC Methylation and IL-1 Cytokines in Heart Failure
Authors: BUTTS BRITTANY , BUTLER JAVED , DUNBAR SANDRA B. , CORWIN ELIZABETH , GARY REBECCA A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) progression and the interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine IL-1β is implicated in this process. The adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is necessary for inflammasome activation of IL-1β. Lower ASC methylation is associated with worse outcomes in HF. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on changes in ASC methylation and activation of the IL-1 family cytokine IL-1β in persons with HF.

Methods
Participants (N = 54) were randomized to receive exercise intervention (n = 38) or attention control (n = 16) for 3 months. Percent methylation of the ASC gene, plasma IL-1β, and ASC mRNA and were obtained at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results

ASC methylation was higher in the exercise group as compared to control at 3 months (6.10% ± 0.5% vs 5.80% ± 0.4%; P = 0.04) and 6 months (6.07 ± 0.4 vs 5.82 ± 0.4; P = 0.04). Plasma IL-1β was lower in the exercise group at 3 months (1.43 ± 0.5 pg·mL−1 vs 2.09 ± 1.3 pg·mL−1; P = 0.02) and 6 months (1.49 ± 0.5 pg·mL−1 vs 2.13 ± 1.4 pg·mL−1; P = 0.004). ASC mRNA expression was negatively associated with ASC methylation at baseline (r = −0.97, P = 0.001), 3 months (r = −0.90, P = 0.001), and 6 months (r = −0.81, P = 0.001). ASC mRNA was lower than baseline at 3 months (P = 0.004) and 6 months (P = 0.002) among those in the exercise group. ASC methylation was positively associated with 6-min walk test at baseline (r = 0.517, P < 0.001), 3 months (r = 0.464, P = 0.004), and 6 months (r = 497, P = 0.05).

Conclusions
Exercise was related to increased mean percent ASC methylation and decreased IL-1β and ASC mRNA gene expression in HF. Epigenetic regulation of ASC can be a biological mechanism by which exercise can promote better outcomes in HF.
Effects of Age and Sex on Inspiratory Muscle Activation Patterns during Exercise
Authors: MOLGAT-SEON YANNICK , DOMINELLI PAOLO B. , RAMSOOK ANDREW H. , SCHAEFFER MICHELE R. , ROMER LEE M. , ROAD JEREMY D. , GUENETTE JORDAN A. , SHEEL A. WILLIAM 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To characterize the effects of age, sex, and their interaction on inspiratory muscle activation patterns during exercise.

Methods
Twenty younger (20–30 yr, n = 10 women) and 20 older (60–80 yr, n = 10 women) subjects performed an incremental cycle exercise test. Electromyography (EMG) of the scalene (EMGsca) and EMG of the sternocleidomastoid (EMGscm) muscles were measured using skin surface electrodes, whereas diaphragm EMG (EMGdi) and esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressures were measured using an esophageal catheter. Electromyography data were transformed into root mean square with a 100-ms time constant. Esophageal and diaphragmatic pressure–time products were used as indices of total inspiratory muscle pressure production and diaphragmatic pressure production, respectively.

Results
At absolute minute ventilations (V˙
E), women and older subjects had greater EMGdi than men and younger subjects, respectively (all P < 0.05), but no differences were noted when V˙
E was expressed in relative terms (all P > 0.05). Women had greater EMGsca activity than men at absolute and relative levels of V˙
E (all P < 0.05). Older subjects had greater EMGsca than younger subjects when V˙
E was expressed in relative (all P < 0.05) but not absolute terms (all P > 0.05). At absolute and relative levels of V˙
E, women and older subjects had greater EMGscm than men and younger subjects, respectively (all P < 0.05). Women and older subjects had a greater esophageal and diaphragmatic pressure–time products at a V˙
E of 70 L·min−1 than men and younger subjects, respectively (both P < 0.05), but no differences were noted when V˙
E was expressed in relative terms (all P > 0.05). No significant interactions between age and sex were noted (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Age and sex significantly affect inspiratory muscle activation patterns during exercise; however, the extent of the effects depends on whether comparisons are made at absolute or relative V˙
E.
Transcriptomic profiling of human skin biopsies in the clinical trial setting: A protocol for high quality RNA extraction from skin tumours
Authors: Danilenko Marina , Stones Robert , Rajan Neil 
Published: April 2018

Transcriptomic profiling of skin disease using next generation sequencing allows for detailed information on aspects of RNA biology including gene expression, non-coding regulatory elements and gene splicing. The application of RNA sequencing to human skin disease and cancer is often hampered by degraded RNA. Here we describe a protocol that allows for consistently intact RNA to be extracted from snap frozen skin biopsy samples, which has been validated in a clinical trial setting. Human skin tumour punch biopsies (n=28) ranging from 4-6mm in diameter were obtained from 14 patients with an inherited skin tumour syndrome (CYLD cutaneous syndrome) and frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to being stored at -80°C. These samples were then subject to cyrostat sectioning, allowing for histological assessment, and were homogenised using a bead-based lysis platform. RNA extraction was performed using a silica column-based system. RNA concentration was measured using fluorescent quantitation and RNA integrity assessed using microfluidic gel electrophoresis. We also processed normal skin biopsies using the same protocol (n=10). The mean RNA integrity score of the tumour and normal samples was 9.5, and the quantity of RNA obtained from the small amounts of tissue used exceeded requirements for RNA-seq library generation. We propose that the method of RNA extraction suggested here allows for transcriptomic profiling from small pieces of human tissue without the need for PCR amplification during library preparation. This protocol could be utilised in healthy and diseased skin to improve mechanistic understanding in a range of human skin diseases.
Reminiscencja stylistyczna w przekładzie
Authors: Brzostowska‑Tereszkiewicz Tamara 
Published: April 2018

Stylistic reminiscence in translation
The article addresses the difficulty of classifying Adam Pomorski’s translations of Velimir Khlebnikov’s poetry as a mere stylization after Boleslav Lesmian’s poetry. The Polish translations of the neological poetic experiments of the Russian Cubo‑Futurist provide a point of departure to discuss theoretical and interpretive implications of stylistic reminiscence as a unique type of intertextual dialogue between the literature of the original and the receiving literature.
Verbos irregulares com prefixo em português e outras línguas românicas
Authors: Szijj Ildikó 
Published: April 2018

PREFIXED IRREGULAR VERBS IN PORTUGUESE AND OTHER ROMANCE LANGUAGES
In Portuguese, as well as in other Romance languages, certain forms of some prefixed irregular verbs become regular. In the case of certain verbs, a parallel phenomenon has occurred in several Romance languages, in which the prefixed verb differs from the primary verb in its conjugation. There are also cases when Portuguese has a prefixed verb with regularization and other Romance languages have two different verbs, because there was a split in the evolution of the latin verb. Regularization occurs when there is a considerable semantic distance between the prefixed verb and the simple one.
O DEVER FUNDAMENTAL DE PROTEÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE MARINHO COMO CONSEQUÊNCIA DA AVARIA MARÍTIMA E PORTUÁRIA
Authors: Obregón Marcelo Fernando Quiroga , Fabriz Daury Cesar 
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo pretende analisar uma das formas de destruição do meio ambiente marinho dentro dos espaços marítimos como consequência da navegação e transporte aquaviário tanto em águas nacionais como internacionais; a avaria marítima e portuária como um fator de poluição ambiental provocada por atitudes e decisões humanas. As avarias marítimas e portuárias motivo do presente trabalho devem ser analisadas a partir do artigo 225§1º e 4º da CF/88, tendo como base teórica a doutrina do direito marítimo de autores nacionais tais como Eliana Otaviano , Carla Adriana Comitre Gibertoni e Clarissa Ferreira Macedo D´Iesp, assim como a respectiva legislação nacional (Código Comercial) e internacional ( Regras de York e Antuérpia 2004), insistindo, que a responsabilidade (deveres fundamentais) seja compartilhada entre o Estado , as pessoas jurídicas e as pessoas físicas que participam da atividade marítima através do transporte de mercadorias e passageiros PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Avaria marítima e portuária; dever fundamental; transporte marítimo; sustentabilidade.
Contribution méthodologique à l’analyse des mouvements résidentiels intercommunaux wallons par la construction de bassins résidentiels (1994-2014)
Authors: Charlier Julien , Debuisson Marc , Duprez Jean-Paul , Reginster Isabelle 
Published: April 2018

Résumé
Cet article présente l’analyse des mouvements résidentiels intercommunaux en Wallonie sur une période de 20 ans, à partir de données exhaustives. Un exercice de synthèse de ces déménagements est proposé avec l’adaptation d’une méthodologie hiérarchique développée par l’INSEE (Institut de statistique français) pour construire des regroupements d’entités spatiales sur base de données de flux migratoires dans la région Sud de la Belgique, la Wallonie. À partir de données reprenant l’ensemble des déménagements (migrations résidentielles) enregistrés entre communes belges (Local Administrative Units (LAU) 2 selon Eurostat) de 1994 à 2014, la méthodologie permet de rassembler les entités en bassins sur base de l’importance des échanges migratoires que les entités entretiennent entre elles. Plusieurs choix méthodologi­ques ont été posés pour proposer un découpage de la Wallonie en 11 «bassins résidentiels». Un bassin résidentiel correspond au territoire théorique dans lequel les individus (et par extension les ménages) à la recherche d’une nouvelle localisation résidentielle ont tendance à migrer pour répondre à leurs aspirations en termes de logement, en tenant compte de leurs réseaux sociaux et/ou professionnels et des contraintes de coûts du logement et des déplacements. Cette approche permet à la fois de synthétiser la matrice origine-destination entre toutes les entités d’un territoire, mais également de mieux comprendre la structuration de celui-ci.
Abstract
This article is about residential migrations between municipalities (Eurostat Local Administrative Units (LAU) 2) in Wallonia, the southern region of Belgium. Based on a hierarchical methodology developed by INSEE (French National Institute of Statistics), residential migrations are synthetized so as to build clusters of municipalities that can be grouped together on the basis of their migration flows in the southern region of Belgium, Wallonia. Using data on all migration flows between municipalities in the period from 1994 to 2014, the methodology allows grouping municipalities based on the migratory exchange rates between them. Several choices have been made that lead to a new spatial division of Wallonia in 11 residential catchment areas. Such an area can be defined as a territory on which a person looking for a new residential location is ready to move as such a move would not interfere with his/her social and/or professional networks and would also respect cost constraints related to housing and commuting. This approach allows synthetising migration flows between all municipalities but also a better understanding of the spatial structure of Wallonia.
Approximation in generalized Morrey spaces
Authors: Almeida Alexandre , Samko Stefan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper we study the approximation of functions from generalized Morrey spaces by nice functions. We introduce a new subspace whose elements can be approximated by infinitely differentiable compactly supported functions. This provides, in particular, an explicit description of the closure of the set of such functions in generalized Morrey spaces.
Crystal structure of N-[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinesulfonamide, C14H14F3N5O6S
Authors: Xiu-Ying Song , Ling Fu , Wan-Ming Xiong , Nian-Qian Kang , Xu-Liang Nie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
[C14H14F3N5O6S], monoclinic, P21/c (No. 14), a = 12.512(4) Å, b = 12.572(4) Å, c = 12.511(4) Å, β = 114.39(1)°, V = 1792.5(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0366, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0849, T = 296(2) K.
Diagnostic accuracy of MRI to evaluate tumour response and residual tumour size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Bouzón Alberto , Acea Benigno , Soler Rafaela , Iglesias Ángela , Santiago Paz , Mosquera Joaquín , Calvo Lourdes , Seoane-Pillado Teresa , García Alejandra 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim, of the study was to estimate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing residual disease in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and to identify the clinico-pathological factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI to determine residual tumour size following NAC.

Patients and methods
91 breast cancer patients undergoing NAC (92 breast lesions) were included in the study. Breast MRI was performed at baseline and after completion of NAC. Treatment response was evaluated by MRI and histopathological examination to investigate the ability of MRI to predict tumour response. Residual tumour size was measured on post-treatment MRI and compared with pathology in 89 lesions. Clinicopathological factors were analyzed to compare MRI-pathologic size differences.

Results
The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosing invasive residual disease by using MRI were 75.00%, 78.57%, 88.89%, 57.89%, and 76.09% respectively. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between tumour sizes determined by MRI and pathology was r = 0.648 (p < 0.001). The size discrepancy was significantly lower in cancers with initial MRI size ≤ 5 cm (p = 0.050), in cancers with high tumour grade (p < 0.001), and in patients with hormonal receptor-negative cancer (p = 0.033).

Conclusions
MRI is an accurate tool for evaluating tumour response after NAC. The accuracy of MRI in estimating residual tumour size varies with the baseline MRI tumour size, the tumour grade and the hormonal receptor status.