bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimuliresponsive NO‐Freisetzung für die abrufbereite Gas‐sensibilisierte synergistische Krebstherapie
Authors: Fan Wenpei , Yung Bryant C. , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDas noch junge Gebiet der Gastherapie findet enorme Aufmerksamkeit in der Medizin und den Naturwissenschaften. Beträchtliche Forschungsanstrengungen galten insbesondere dem Gasotransmitter Stickstoffmonoxid (NO), aufgrund dessen zweifacher Rolle bei der direkten Abtötung von Krebszellen in hohen Konzentrationen und in der kooperativen Sensibilisierung von Krebszellen in synergistischen Therapien. Aktuelle Studien gelten insbesondere dem chemischen Design verschiedener endogener/exogener stimuliresponsiver NO‐freisetzender Nanotherapeutika und ihren biomedizinischen Anwendungen für die abrufbereite (“on‐demand”) NO‐sensibilisierte synergistische Krebstherapie. Diese Forschungen sind Gegenstand dieses Kurzaufsatzes, ebenso wie die potenziellen Herausforderungen bezüglich der NO‐Gastherapie. Ziel ist es, die Entwicklung von NO‐Nanotherapeutika zu unterstützen und neue Richtungen in diesem Gebiet aufzuzeigen.
Lead‐Free Silver‐Bismuth Halide Double Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Bin , Chen Junsheng , Yang Songqiu , Hong Feng , Sun Lei , Han Peigeng , Pullerits Tõnu , Deng Weiqiao , Han Keli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLead‐free perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) were obtained mainly by substituting a Pb2+ cation with a divalent cation or substituting three Pb2+ cations with two trivalent cations. The substitution of two Pb2+ cations with one monovalent Ag+ and one trivalent Bi3+ cations was used to synthesize Cs2AgBiX6 (X=Cl, Br, I) double perovskite NCs. Using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, the charge carrier relaxation mechanism was elucidated in the double perovskite NCs. The Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs exhibit ultrafast hot‐carrier cooling (<1 ps), which competes with the carrier trapping processes (mainly originate from the surface defects). Notably, the photoluminescence can be increased by 100 times with surfactant (oleic acid) added to passivate the defects in Cs2AgBiCl6 NCs. These results suggest that the double perovskite NCs could be potential materials for optoelectronic applications by better controlling the surface defects.
Soft‐Robotik
Authors: Whitesides George M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiese Beschreibung des Feldes “Soft‐Robotik” soll kein normaler Übersichtsartikel im Sinne einer umfangreichen technischen Zusammenfassung eines sich entwickelnden Feldes sein. Stattdessen ist das Ziel, die Soft‐Robotik als neues Feld zu beschreiben – eines, das Gelegenheiten für Chemiker und Materialwissenschaftler bietet, die es mögen “Dinge” zu bauen und mit makroskopischen Objekten zu arbeiten, die sich bewegen und Kräfte ausüben. Er wird eine (persönliche) Sicht darauf bieten, was Soft‐Aktuatoren und ‐Roboter sind und wie diese Klasse von Soft‐Geräten in das höher entwickelte Feld der konventionellen “Hart”‐Roboter passt. Er wird auch ansprechen wie und warum Soft‐Robotik mehr als nur ein kleiner technischer “Kniff” der Hart‐Robotik ist und eine einzigartige Rolle für die Chemie und die Materialwissenschaften in diesem Feld vorschlagen. In ihrem Kern ist die Soft‐Robotik geistig und technologisch anders als Hart‐Robotik, sowohl weil sie andere Zielsetzungen und Verwendungszwecke hat, als auch weil sie darauf beruht, dass Materialeigenschaften viele Rollen übernehmen, die in der Hart‐Robotik Sensoren, Aktuatoren und Regler einnehmen.
Selektive Katalyse für Polymerisationen mit Monomermischungen: Verwendung eines kommerziellen Cr‐Salen‐Katalysators zur Herstellung von ABA‐Blockpolyestern
Authors: Stößer Tim , Williams Charlotte K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractABA‐Dreiblock‐Polyester werden mit einem kommerziellen Chrom‐Salen‐Katalysator aus Mischungen von Epoxiden, Anhydriden und Lactonen in einer Eintopfreaktion hergestellt. Die Katalyse ist hoch selektiv und ein einziger Katalysator wird in zwei verschiedenen Reaktionen verwendet. Zuerst tritt die ringöffnende Copolymerisation von Epoxid/Anhydrid auf und anschließend findet die ringöffnende Polymerisation des Lactons statt. Dies wird genutzt, um verschiedene neue ABA‐Polyesterpolyole herzustellen; diese Polyole können in weiteren Funktionalisierungen und Kettenverlängerungsreaktionen verwendet werden. Diese schaltbare Katalyse unter Verwendung eines kommerziellen Katalysators und gemischter Monomere könnte zukünftige Studien dieser neuen Klasse von Blockpolymeren ermöglichen.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Tandem C−H Activation/C−C Cleavage/C−H Cyclization of Aromatic Amides with Alkylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Li Mingliang , Kwong Fuk Yee 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed chelation‐assisted tandem C−H activation/C−C cleavage/C−H cyclization of aromatic amides with alkylidenecyclopropanes is reported. This process allows the sequential formation of two C−C bonds, which is in sharp contrast to previous reports on using rhodium catalysts for the formation of C−N bonds. Here the inexpensive catalyst system exhibits good functional‐group compatibility and relatively broad substrate scope. The desired products can be easily transformed into polycyclic lactones with m‐CPBA. Mechanistic studies revealed that the tandem reaction proceeds through a C−H cobaltation, β‐carbon elimination, and intramolecular C−H cobaltation sequence.
Hydroxyl‐Mediated Non‐oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation over VOx/γ‐Al2O3 Catalysts with Improved Stability
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Wu Tengfang , Xiong Chuanye , Sun Guodong , Mu Rentao , Zeng Liang , Gong Jinlong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSupported vanadium oxides are one of the most promising alternative catalysts for propane dehydrogenation (PDH) and efforts have been made to improve its catalytic performance. However, unlike Pt‐based catalysts, the nature of the active site and surface structure of the supported vanadium catalysts under reductive reaction conditions still remain elusive. This paper describes the surface structure and the important role of surface‐bound hydroxyl groups on VOx / γ‐Al2O3 catalysts under reaction conditions employing in situ DRIFTS experiments and DFT calculations. It is shown that hydroxyl groups on the VOx /Al2O3 catalyst (V−OH) are produced under H2 pre‐reduction, and the catalytic performance for PDH is closely connected to the concentration of V−OH species on the catalyst. The hydroxyl groups are found to improve the catalyst that leads to better stability by suppressing the coke deposition.
Stimuli‐Responsive NO Release for On‐Demand Gas‐Sensitized Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fan Wenpei , Yung Bryant C. , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFeaturing high biocompatibility, the emerging field of gas therapy has attracted extensive attention in the medical and scientific communities. Currently, considerable research has focused on the gasotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) owing to its unparalleled dual roles in directly killing cancer cells at high concentrations and cooperatively sensitizing cancer cells to other treatments for synergistic therapy. Of particular note, recent state‐of‐the‐art studies have turned our attention to the chemical design of various endogenous/exogenous stimuli‐responsive NO‐releasing nanomedicines and their biomedical applications for on‐demand NO‐sensitized synergistic cancer therapy, which are discussed in this Minireview. Moreover, the potential challenges regarding NO gas therapy are also described, aiming to advance the development of NO nanomedicines as well as usher in new frontiers in this fertile research area.
Calcium Fluoride Nanocrystals: Tracers for In Vivo 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ashur Idan , Allouche‐Arnon Hyla , Bar‐Shir Amnon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInorganic nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively developed for a variety of uses. The ability to obtain high‐resolution NMR signals from the core nuclei of NCs in solution could offer new opportunities in materials sciences and MR imaging. Herein, we demonstrate that small, water‐soluble 19F‐ionic NCs can average out homonuclear dipolar interactions, enabling one to obtain high‐resolution 19F NMR signals in solution that reflect the MR properties of F− in the crystal core. Decorating 19F‐NC surfaces with a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) coating maintains colloidal stability in water while preserving the NC high‐resolution 19F NMR properties, even after further functionalization. The high content and magnetic equivalence of the fluorides within the NCs enable their use as imaging tracers for in vivo 19F MRI by facilitating a “hot‐spot” display of their distribution.
Conformational Planarization versus Singlet Fission: Distinct Excited‐State Dynamics of Cyclooctatetraene‐Fused Acene Dimers
Authors: Yamakado Takuya , Takahashi Shota , Watanabe Kazuya , Matsumoto Yoshiyasu , Osuka Atsuhiro , Saito Shohei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA set of flapping acene dimers fused with an 8π cyclooctatetraene (COT) ring showed distinct excited‐state dynamics in solution. While the anthracene dimer showed a fast V‐shaped‐to‐planar conformational change within 10 ps in the lowest excited singlet state, reminding us of extended Baird aromaticity, the tetracene dimer and the pentacene dimer underwent intramolecular singlet fission (SF) in different manners: A fast and reversible SF with a characteristic delayed fluorescence (FL), and a fast and quantitative SF, respectively. Conformational flexibility of the fused COT linkage plays an important role in these ultrafast dynamics, demonstrating the utility of the flapping molecular series as a versatile platform for designing photofunctional systems.
Selective Etching of Silicon from Ti3SiC2 (MAX) To Obtain 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene)
Authors: Alhabeb Mohamed , Maleski Kathleen , Mathis Tyler S. , Sarycheva Asia , Hatter Christine B. , Uzun Simge , Levitt Ariana , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUntil now, MXenes could only be produced from MAX phases containing aluminum, such as Ti3AlC2. Here, we report on the synthesis of Ti3C2 (MXene) through selective etching of silicon from titanium silicon carbide—the most common MAX phase. Liters of colloidal solutions of delaminated Ti3SiC2‐derived MXene (0.5–1.3 mg mL−1) were produced and processed into flexible and electrically conductive films, which show higher oxidation resistance than MXene synthesized from Ti3AlC2. This new synthesis method greatly widens the range of precursors for MXene synthesis.
Influence of aging conditions on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of HIPS composites
Authors: Wang Bibo , Zhao Kuimin , Zhang Yan , Tao Youji , Zhou Xia , Song Lei , Jie Ganxin , Hu Yuan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we evaluate the changes in physical properties and flame retardancy of HIPS composites after natural aging tests in Turpan (high sunlight radiation dose and dry) and Qionghai (high temperature and rainy) in China for 21 months. The HIPS composite aged in Turpan revealed a higher chromatic aberration than that in Qionghai due to the higher sunlight radiation dose. After aging tests for 21 months, the mechanical properties and the peak heat release of the HIPS composite aged in Qionghai decreased by more than 50% and increased by 39.7%, respectively, results that were worse than for the HIPS composite in aged Turpan. This was related to the combined effects of light, temperature, rain, and moisture in Qionghai leading to more severe degradation of HIPS composites, which results in breaking of the polymer chains and migration and erosion of the flame retardant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46339.
Mechanical and water absorption behaviors of corn stalk/sisal fiber‐reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Chen Juan , Zou Yu , Ge Heyi , Cui Zedong , Liu Shanshan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, corn stalk flour (CSF) was used as filler instead of wood flour (WF) to prepare poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) based wood plastic composite (WPC). In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the WPC, sisal fiber (SF) was introduced as reinforcer. The mechanical and the water absorption behaviors of WPC were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the chemical structure of CSF proved by FTIR was similar to that of WF. The effect of the hybridization of SF and CSF on the mechanical and water absorption behaviors of CSF/SF/PVC composite was studied. It was found that the introduction of SF of 5 mm in length resulted in improvement of the mechanical properties and had little effect on water absorption behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe the fracture surface of the composite. The distribution of CSF and SF in PVC was analyzed. Meanwhile, the hybrid enhancement mechanism of SF in PVC matrix was discussed. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46405.
Optimization of polyethylene binder for heterogeneous ion exchange membrane manufacture to improve its mechanical stability
Authors: Weinertová Kristýna , Křivčík Jan , Neděla David , Stránská Eliška , Václavíková Natália 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAim of this work is to propose polymer mixture for heterogeneous ion exchange membrane manufacture to improve membrane mechanical stability. Polyethylene (PE) binders [high‐density PE (HDPE), linear low‐density PE (LLDPE), metallocene‐linear low‐density PE (mLLDPE), and their mixtures in various ratios] with ion exchange resins were homogenized and extruded into membrane sheets. Processability of mixtures was considered using the data from extruder including torque and pressure before the extrusion die. Membrane samples were subjected to tensile deformation tests and tests of tear resistance and membrane electrochemical properties such as electrical resistance and permselectivity were measured. No significant variations in electrochemical properties of prepared membranes were observed, except of membrane made using pure mLLDPE as a binder. Surface resistance of this membrane was the highest (almost 8 Ω cm2) and as well the permselectivity (∼92%). The lowest surface resistance (lower than 3 Ω cm2) was determined for the membrane made using pure LLDPE as a binder. Therefore, taking into account the most important mechanical and processing characteristics, such as pressure before extrusion die, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and tear resistance assigning all these properties the same priority, membrane with the best combination of properties was prepared using the mixture of HDPE:LLDPE in the ratio of 80:20 as the binder. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46415.
Comments on the Serial Homology and Homologues of Vertebral Lateral Projections in Crocodylia (Eusuchia)
Authors: Gomes de Souza Lucy 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe literature on crocodylian anatomy presents the transverse process in an ambiguous meaning, which could represent all lateral expansions derived from the neural arch, including vertebrae from cervical to caudal series, or in a more restrictive meaning, being applied only to lumbar vertebrae. The lateral expansion of sacral and caudal vertebrae usually referred to as the transverse process has been discovered to be fused ribs, bringing more ambiguity to this term. Therefore, with the lack of a definition for transverse process and other associated terms, the present work aims to propose a nomenclatural standardization, as well as definitions and biological meaning, for vertebral rib related structures. Vertebra obtained from museum collections from a total of 87 specimens of 22 species of all extant Crocodylia genera were studied. All vertebrae, except cervical and first three dorsal, exhibit transverse processes. The transverse process is more developed in dorsal and lumbar vertebrae than in sacral and caudal vertebrae in which it is suppressed by the fused ribs. The serial homology hypotheses here proposed can also be aplied to other Crurotarsi and saurischian dinosaurs specimens. This standardization clarifies the understand of the serial homology among those homotypes, and reduces the ambiguity and misleadings in future work comparisons. Anat Rec, 301:1203–1215, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, p38α MAP kinase inhibition, anti‐inflammatory activity, and molecular docking studies of 1,2,4‐triazole‐based benzothiazole‐2‐amines
Authors: Tariq Sana , Alam Ozair , Amir Mohammad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that inhibition of p38α MAP kinase could effectively inhibit pro‐inflammatory cytokines including TNF‐α and interleukins. Thus, inhibition of this enzyme can prove greatly beneficial in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases. A new series of N‐[3‐(substituted‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)]‐benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐amines (4a–n) were synthesized and subjected to in vitro evaluation for anti‐inflammatory activity (BSA anti‐denaturation assay) and p38α MAPK inhibition. Among the compounds selected for in vivo screening of anti‐inflammatory activity (4b, 4c, 4f, 4g, 4j, 4m, and 4n), compound 4f was found to be the most active with an in vivo anti‐inflammatory efficacy of 85.31% when compared to diclofenac sodium (83.68%). It was also found to have a low ulcerogenic risk and a protective effect on lipid peroxidation. The p38α MAP kinase inhibition of this compound (IC50 = 0.036 ± 0.12 μM) was also found to be superior to the standard SB203580 (IC50 = 0.043 ± 0.27 μM). Furthermore, the in silico binding mode of the compound on docking against p38α MAP kinase exemplified stronger interactions than those of SB203580.
Stable meso‐Aryl β‐Alkyl Hybrid Sapphyrin with a Warped π‐Conjugation Circuit and Neo‐Confused Sapphyrin–Silver(I) Complex
Authors: Mori Daiki , Yoneda Tomoki , Hoshino Tyuji , Neya Saburo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA meso‐aryl and β‐alkyl substituted sapphyrin and its rhodium(I) and silver complexes were synthesized. This sapphyrin was so stable that the non‐inverted and warped structure could be analyzed by X‐ray crystallography even in its neutral state. Its bis‐rhodium(I) complex has a more planar structure than the sapphyrin with enhanced aromaticity over the conjugation circuit. On the other hand, silver metalation of the sapphyrin caused a marked core rearrangement into a neo‐confused sapphyrin derivative with a C(α)−N bond and a twisted macrocycle.
Vom Betonbau zur Bauingenieurkunst
Authors: Dicleli Cengiz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDie Bauingenieure sind sich ihrer gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung bewusst, finden es jedoch unbefriedigend, dass ihr Anteil an der Baukultur weder ausreichend bekannt ist, noch gebührend gewürdigt wird. Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über diese Thematik und versucht die eigenen Defizite der Ingenieure aufzuspüren, die die Lösung des Problems erschweren. Am Beispiel von Ulrich Finsterwalder wird gezeigt, welche Haltung einer der großen Baumeister des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts zum verantwortlichen und nachhaltigen Bauen, zur Ästhetik und Gestaltung und zur kreativen Zusammenarbeit mit Architekten eingenommen hatte.
A HILIC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of the lysosomal disease markers galactosylsphingosine and glucosylsphingosine in mouse serum
Authors: Sidhu Rohini , Mikulka Christina R. , Fujiwara Hideji , Sands Mark S. , Schaffer Jean E. , Ory Daniel S. , Jiang Xuntian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDeficiencies of galactosylceramidase and glucocerebrosidase result in the accumulation of galactosylsphingosine (GalSph) and glucosylsphingosine (GluSph) in Krabbe and Gaucher diseases, respectively. GalSph and GluSph are useful biomarkers for both diagnosis and monitoring of treatment effects. We have developed and validated a sensitive, accurate, high‐throughput assay for simultaneous determination of the concentration of GalSph and GluSph in mouse serum. GalSph and GluSph and their deuterated internal standards were extracted by protein precipitation in quantitative recoveries, baseline separated by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and detected by positive‐ion electrospray mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Total run time was 7 min. The lower limit of quantification was 0.2 ng/mL for both GalSph and GluSph. Sample stability, assay precision and accuracy, and method robustness were demonstrated. This method has been successfully applied to measurement of these lipid biomarkers in a natural history study in twitcher (Krabbe) mice.
Quantification of cystine in human renal proximal tubule cells using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Jamalpoor Amer , Sparidans Rolf W. , Pou Casellas Carla , Rood Johannes J.M. , Joshi Mansi , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Janssen Manoe J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNephropathic cystinosis is characterized by abnormal intralysosomal accumulation of cystine throughout the body, causing irreversible damage to various organs, particularly the kidneys. Cysteamine, the currently available treatment, can reduce lysosomal cystine and postpone disease progression. However, cysteamine poses serious side effects and does not address all of the symptoms of cystinosis. To screen for new treatment options, a rapid and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed to quantify cystine in conditionally immortalized human proximal tubular epithelial cells (ciPTEC). The ciPTEC were treated with N‐ethylmaleimide, lysed and deproteinized with 15% (w/v) sulfosalicylic acid. Subsequently, cystine was measured using deuterium‐labeled cystine‐D4, as the internal standard. The assay developed demonstrated linearity to at least 20 μmol/L with a good precision. Accuracies were between 97.3 and 102.9% for both cell extracts and whole cell samples. Cystine was sufficiently stable under all relevant analytical conditions. The assay was successfully applied to determine cystine levels in both healthy and cystinotic ciPTEC. Control cells showed clearly distinguishable cystine levels compared with cystinotic cells treated with or without cysteamine. The method developed provides a fast and reliable quantification of cystine, and is applicable to screen for potential drugs that could reverse cystinotic symptoms in human kidney cells.
Deletion of the C26 Methyl Substituent from the Bryostatin Analogue Merle 23 Has Negligible Impact on Its Biological Profile and Potency
Authors: Zhao Xiguang , Kedei Noemi , Michalowski Alexandra , Lewin Nancy E. , Keck Gary E. , Blumberg Peter M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImportant strides are being made in understanding the effects of structural features of bryostatin 1, a candidate therapeutic agent for cancer and dementia, in conferring its potency toward protein kinase C and the unique spectrum of biological responses that it induces. A critical pharmacophoric element in bryostatin 1 is the secondary hydroxy group at the C26 position, with a corresponding primary hydroxy group playing an analogous role in binding of phorbol esters to protein kinase C. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a bryostatin homologue in which the C26 hydroxy group is primary, as it is in the phorbol esters, and show that its biological activity is almost indistinguishable from that of the corresponding compound with a secondary hydroxy group.