bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature and Genesis of the Xiaobeigou Fluorite Deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes
Authors: Pei Qiuming , Zhang Shouting , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro , Wang Liang , Cao Huawen , Zhao Yu , Hu Xinkai , Song Kairui , Chao Weiwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe recently discovered Xiaobeigou fluorite deposit is situated in the southern part of the Southern Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt. Fluorite‐bearing veins are rather common over the whole area. So far, 11 mineralized veins have been delineated at the Xiaobeigou deposit. Orebodies of the deposit are mainly hosted in Permian and Jurassic volcano‐sedimentary rocks. The orebodies in this mining district exhibit a well‐developed vertical zonation: from top to bottom, the orebodies can be divided into upper, central, and lower zones. The central zone is the most important part for mining operations, and it shows lateral zonation of fluorite mineralization. Rare earth element (REE) contents of the investigated samples are relatively low (less than 30.2 ppm). Furthermore, the REE contents of the fluorite grains from early to late ore stages exhibit a decreasing trend. All the fluorite samples show no or slightly positive Eu anomalies. Three types of fluid inclusions (FIs) are distinguished in the quartz and fluorite samples, including pure‐liquid single‐phase (PL‐type), liquid‐rich two‐phase (L‐Type), and vapor‐rich two‐phase (V‐type) FIs. The FIs hosted in early‐stage quartz were homogenized at 159.5–260.7°C (mainly 160–240°C); their salinities range from 0.18 to 1.22 wt.% NaCl eqv. The FIs hosted in early‐stage fluorite yield slightly lower homogenization temperatures of 144.4–266.8°C (peaking at 140–220°C), which correspond to salinities of 0.18–0.88 wt.% NaCl eqv. Homogenization temperatures and salinities for the late stage are 132.5–245.8°C (mainly 160–180°C) and 0.18–1.40 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. Laser Raman spectroscopy of FIs shows that both the vapor and liquid compositions of the inclusions are dominated by H2O. The H–O isotopic compositions at Xiaobeigou suggest that the ore‐forming fluids are predominantly of meteoric water origin. The Xiaobeigou deposit can be classified as a typical low‐temperature hydrothermal vein‐type fluorite deposit. Combined with regional data, we infer that the fluorite mineralization occurred during the Late Mesozoic in an extensional setting.
Childhood Experiences and Intergroup Biases among Children
Authors: Skinner Allison L. , Meltzoff Andrew N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChildren show signs of intergroup biases from early in development, and evidence suggests that these biases increase through middle childhood. Here we critically review and synthesize the literature on the different types of childhood experiences that have been associated with increases or decreases in childhood intergroup bias. Based on the review, one type of childhood experience stands out as being reliably associated with increased intergroup bias over multiple studies—specific overt messages communicating intergroup conflict with, or negativity from, other groups. Three types of childhood experiences were found to be reliably associated with reduced intergroup bias: (a) structured intergroup contact, (b) explicit education about prejudice, and (c) imagined contact with members of other groups. We highlight the social and policy implications of this work and delineate specific experiences and interventions that might be helpful in ameliorating childhood intergroup biases. We also highlight developmental issues concerning the ways that interventions need to vary to be maximally effective at different ages. Finally, recommendations are offered on key factors to incorporate in childhood intergroup bias interventions, as well as what to avoid when attempting to design such programs due to negative (unintended) consequences. This review attempts to integrate state‐of‐the‐art findings from developmental psychology with principles and theories in social psychology that derive from work with adults.
13 Reasons Why Not: A Methodological and Meta‐Analytic Review of Evidence Regarding Suicide Contagion by Fictional Media
Authors: Ferguson Christopher J. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundFor decades, policymakers and suicide prevention advocates have questioned whether exposure to media with suicide themes, whether television, movies, or music, could increase suicide risk among youth. To date, no clear picture has emerged, with data inconsistentAimsTo access whether current evidence can support concerns that fictional media increases risk of viewer suicidal ideation.Materials & MethodsTwo broad forms of data consider the issue, namely society‐level aggregate data, and data from smaller correlational and experimental studies. The current article examined the evidence for suicide contagion by fictional media with a methodological and meta‐analytic review.ResultsResults suggest that current data do not support the theory that suicide contagion by fictional media occurs.DiscussionIn addition to lack of consistency in current research results, widespread methodological concerns limit confidence in conclusions from many studies. A commitment to better methods and open science is warranted.ConclusionIt is recommended that individuals exercise caution in public statements linking suicide‐themed fictional media to suicide contagion as data may not be able to support such claims.
Talking the talk: Exploring teacher learning and their use of discourse strategies
Authors: Edmondson Elizabeth , Choudhry Fahima 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigates whether elementary science teachers participating in a four‐week professional development workshop develop new understandings about classroom discourse and whether they are able to implement strategies toward teaching science as student‐to‐student discourse. Perspectives and the extent of teacher use of discourse strategies were examined. Hundred and twenty teachers in grades 4 through 6 from 29 schools participated in the professional development at four public, research‐intensive universities situated in a Mid‐Atlantic state. Teacher reflections indicate an understanding of the strategies and a belief that they were important. Analysis of program transcripts exposed that elementary teachers were implementing the strategies learned during the professional development. However, they continued to control the conversation and continued to use more traditional talk moves. They tried to use questions to probe student thinking and to have students build on one another. The teachers wrestled with how to ask open‐ended questions and guide the discussion to elicit deeper understanding. The professional development model proved effective for raising awareness and reflection, but the model did not result in a significant change in teacher practice. Analysis of classroom practice after this institute may show change toward a more student‐centered discourse.
CPs Move Rightward, Not Leftward
Authors: Bruening Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral recent proposals hold that CP complements appear rightmost in many languages as the result of a two‐step leftward‐movement process: first the CP moves leftward, then a remnant phrase carries all other material to the left of that moved position. I show here that the arguments that have been given in favor of this approach do not go through. In contrast, a rightward‐movement analysis explains all the facts in a much simpler and less ad hoc derivation. These facts include (i) a left‐right asymmetry in syntactic category; (ii) binding facts; (iii) preposition stranding; and (iv) extraction. Importantly, binding must depend on precede‐and‐command rather than c‐command (Bruening ) and there is never reconstruction for Binding Condition C. Regarding preposition stranding, the results of a large‐scale survey reveal that there is actually significant speaker variability in whether prepositions can be stranded when CPs move to the right. I spell out a nongrammatical account of this variability within the rightward‐movement analysis. With many of these phenomena, rightward movement of CPs does not pattern with remnant‐VP fronting, as it should in the leftward‐movement analysis.
Servicification in global value chains: Comparative analysis of selected Asian countries with OECD
Authors: Thangavelu Shandre M. , Wang Wenxiao , Oum Sothea 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the trend of servicification in global value chains (GVCs). The degree of servicification is measured as the share of service value added in manufacturing exports. Service inputs are either from domestic market or from foreign countries, which are measured by the domestic servicification and the foreign servicification, respectively. Using the international input–output tables from 1995 to 2011, we estimate the degree of servicification across 61 countries with a focus on Asian nations which have been rarely studied in previous research. We observed an evident trend of servicification in manufacturing in the Asian countries, especially in the 16 countries associated with Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Asian countries tend to have a lower level of domestic servicification but a higher level of foreign servicification than OECD countries. We also identified five key factors in driving the trend of servicification. Countries with broader participation and lower positions in GVCs tend to have higher levels of foreign servicification in manufacturing. Improvements in information and communication technology (ICT) also raise the level of foreign servicification. However, countries with a larger supply of service workers, better regulation quality and less government governance have a higher level of domestic servicification in manufacturing.
Estimation of human T‐lymphotropic virus incidence in blood donors from observed prevalence
Authors: Styles Claire E. , Hoad Veronica C. , Seed Clive R. 
Published: October 2018

Repeat donors in Australia will shortly cease to be tested for human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV), removing the ability to measure repeat donor incidence. A risk threshold for repeat donors was investigated based on previous modelling and a conservative ratio between prevalent and incident infections. It was estimated that 26 infections per 100 000 new‐donor donations would be associated with an incidence in repeat donors approaching the tolerable risk threshold if sustained over several years. We propose to trigger formal risk assessment at this point, and believe this solution may be useful for other blood services that reduce their HTLV testing requirements.
Do Bedside Handovers Reduce Handover Duration? An Observational Study With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Malfait Simon , Van Hecke Ann , Van Biesen Wim , Eeckloo Kristof 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionBedside handover is increasingly used and studied in nursing due to the method's acclaimed positive effects on patient safety, patient participation, communication, and efficiency. Still, reported results about its impact on handover duration are ambiguous. Revealing the root cause of these ambiguous effects is important, as increased duration could lead to overtime, lower job satisfaction, and failure in implementation. In contrast, decreased handover duration could lead to more efficient nursing care and facilitate implementation.AimTo explore the effects of bedside handovers on the handover duration by comparing wards before and after the implementation of bedside handovers.MethodsAs part of a multicentered longitudinal study, observations (N = 638) with time measurement were performed. Approximately 22% of the observations were performed by two researchers to check reliability. These time measurements were compared to the handover duration before the implementation of bedside handover, determined through interviews (n = 105), unstructured observations (n = 40), and a review of time schedules (n = 12). A descriptive, comparative research design was used.ResultsOn average, a bedside handover takes 146 s for one patient (83 s–204 s). Depending on the previously used handover model, the number of patients allocated to each nurse, and the use of a structured handover content, time gain or loss as a result of introducing the bedside handover can be expected.Linking Evidence to ActionThe effect on time depends on the organizational changes necessary for the implementation of bedside handovers, most importantly the use of a decentralized handover model and structured handover content. Implementing bedside handover will therefore not always lead to a decrease in time use. A matrix for estimating the effects of bedside handover on time use is presented. While using bedside handovers will not always lead to decreased handover time, it will increase direct patient contact, increasing the possibilities for patient participation and enhancing patient safety.
An Integrative Review of Interventions for Enhancing Leadership in the Implementation of Evidence‐Based Nursing
Authors: Välimäki Tarja , Partanen Pirjo , Häggman‐Laitila Arja 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe most common barriers to evidence‐based nursing (EBN) are related to nurse leadership and to organizational characteristics. Scientific evidence is needed regarding interventions that support nurse leadership.AimsThe aim was to gather, assess, and synthesize the current empirical evidence regarding interventions for enhancing nursing leadership in EBN implementation.MethodsWe conducted an integrative review of interventions that enhance the roles of nurse leaders in EBN implementation using reporting guidance according to the PRISMA statement.ResultsThe search identified five studies, which described two intervention types: interventions improving nurse leaders’ capabilities for EBN implementation and supporting the activities for EBN implementing. The interventions focused on strategic, teamwork, and individual levels. All interventions produced positive outcomes on primary outcomes, however all not statistically significant.Linking Evidence to ActionThe studies mainly had descriptive designs and short follow‐up times, so it was not possible to propose evidence‐based recommendations for effective interventions. The certainty of evidence was very low due to the study designs and the risk of bias. Structured clinical education might promote new innovations in evidence‐based leadership in nursing. Conclusions about the impact of the interventions must be drawn with caution. They might be useful for promoting the abilities of nurse leaders to implement EBN, but further studies are needed to provide more reliable recommendations.
The Association Between Maternal Factors and Preadolescent Breakfast Skipping: The Mediating Role of Preadolescent Attitudes Toward Breakfast
Authors: Ali Reem A. , Abdel Razeq Nadin M. , Alzoubi Fatmeh A. , Alnuaimi Karimeh M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough skipping breakfast is common among children and adolescents, daily breakfast consumption is a healthy habit that is particularly important in childhood. There is a link between children's attitudes toward breakfast, breakfast‐skipping behaviors, and maternal factors. Evidence demonstrating a clear relationship between maternal factors and preadolescent attitudes and behaviors toward breakfast skipping is scarce.AimsThis study aims to examine the mediation effect of preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast on the associations between maternal involvement (encouragement and control of breakfast eating) and preadolescent breakfast skipping.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted across Jordan in public and private primary schools in 2015. A sample of 1,915 preadolescent students (10–11 years) and their mothers (N = 1,299) was generated through proportional cluster stratification sampling. The interrelationships were examined among the participants’ demographics, the number of preadolescent skipped breakfasts during a given week, self‐reported attitudes toward breakfast, and perceived maternal encouragement and control of breakfast‐eating variables.ResultsAnalysis revealed that preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast and mothers’ involvement in preadolescent breakfast were negatively correlated with preadolescent breakfast skipping. Linear regressions revealed that maternal involvement (i.e., encouragement and control of breakfast eating, and educational attainment levels) was predictive of preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast consumption. Multiple regressions using bootstrapping analysis showed that preadolescent attitudes partially mediated the effect of mothers’ control and encouragement of breakfast consumption over preadolescent breakfast‐skipping behavior.Linking Evidence to ActionResults suggest that preadolescent attitudes, maternal encouragement, and control of breakfast eating influenced preadolescent breakfast skipping. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully assessing preadolescent attitudes toward breakfast, maternal encouragement, and control of breakfast consumption when developing interventions aimed at reducing breakfast‐skipping behavior.
On exercise thermoregulation in females: interaction of endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormones
Authors: Lei Tze‐Huan , Cotter James D. , Schlader Zachary J. , Stannard Stephen R. , Perry Blake G. , Barnes Matthew J. , Mündel Toby 
Published: October 2018

Key points
One in two female athletes chronically take a combined, monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Previous thermoregulatory investigations proposed that an endogenous rhythm of the menstrual cycle still occurs with OCP usage.
Forthcoming large international sporting events will expose female athletes to hot environments differing in their thermal profile, yet few data exist on how trained women will respond from both a thermoregulatory and performance stand‐point.
In the present study, we have demonstrated that a small endogenous rhythm of the menstrual cycle still affects Tcore and also that chronic OCP use attenuates the sweating response, whereas behavioural thermoregulation is maintained.
Furthermore, humid heat affects both performance and thermoregulatory responses to a greater extent than OCP usage and the menstrual cycle does.
AbstractWe studied thermoregulatory responses of ten well‐trained (, 57 ± 7 mL min−1 kg−1) women taking a combined, monophasic oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (≥12 months) during exercise in dry and humid heat, across their active OCP cycle. They completed four trials, each of resting and cycling at fixed intensities (125 and 150 W), aiming to assess autonomic regulation, and then a self‐paced intensity (30‐min work trial) to assess behavioural regulation. Trials were conducted in quasi‐follicular (qF) and quasi‐luteal (qL) phases in dry (DRY) and humid (HUM) heat matched for wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (27°C). During rest and exercise at 125 W, rectal temperature was 0.15°C higher in qL than qF (P = 0.05) independent of environment (P = 0.17). The onset threshold and thermosensitivity of local sweat rate and forearm blood flow relative to mean body temperature was unaffected by the OCP cycle (both P > 0.30). Exercise performance did not differ between quasi‐phases (qF: 268 ± 31 kJ, qL: 263 ± 26 kJ, P = 0.31) but was 5 ± 7% higher during DRY than during HUM (273 ± 29 kJ, 258 ± 28 kJ; P = 0.03). Compared to matched eumenorrhoeic athletes, chronic OCP use impaired the sweating onset threshold and thermosensitivity (both P < 0.01). In well‐trained, OCP‐using women exercising in the heat: (i) a performance‐thermoregulatory trade‐off occurred that required behavioural adjustment; (ii) humidity impaired performance as a result of reduced evaporative power despite matched WBGT; and (iii) the sudomotor but not behavioural thermoregulatory responses were impaired compared to matched eumenorrhoeic athletes.
Novel pharmacist-led intervention secures the minimally important difference (MID) in Asthma Control Test (ACT) score: better outcomes for patients and the healthcare provider
Authors: Tinelli Michela , White John , Manfrin Andrea 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionA key priority in asthma management is achieving control. The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a validated tool showing a numerical indicator which has the potential to provide a target to drive management. A novel pharmacist-led intervention recently evaluated and introduced in the Italian setting with a cluster randomised controlled trial (C-RCT) showed effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This paper evaluates whether the intervention is successful in securing the minimally important difference (MID) in the ACT score and provides better health outcomes and economic savings.MethodsClinical data were sourced from 816 adult patients with asthma participating in the C-RCT. The success of the intervention was measured looking at the proportion of patients reaching MID in the ACT score. Different levels of asthma control were grouped according to international guidelines and graded using thetraffic lightrating system. Asthma control levels were linked to economic (National Health Service (NHS) costs) and quality-adjusted life years outcomes using published data.ResultsThe median ACT score was 19 (partially controlled) at baseline, and 20 and 21 (controlled) at 3-month and 6-month-follow up, respectively (p<0.01). The percentage of patients reaching MID at 3 and 6 months was 15.8% (129) and 19.9% (162), respectively. The overall annual NHS cost savings per 1000 patients attached to the shift towards the MID target were equal to €346 012 at 3 months and increased to €425 483 at 6 months. Health utility gains were equal to 35.42 and 45.12 years in full health gained, respectively.DiscussionThe pharmacist-led intervention secured the MID in the ACT score and provided better outcomes for both patients and providers.
Removal of intrauterine contraception with non-visible threads: a case series
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth Ann 
Published: October 2018

Objectives(1) To review management of a series of women referred for removal of intrauterine contraception (IUC) with non-visible threads. (2) To establish whether the device was likely to have been placed at the fundus at insertion. (3) To document removal success rates in a community sexual health (CSH) setting.Study designA retrospective review of a series of 76 women seen by the author between April 2016 and October 2017 in a specialist CSH clinic for removal of IUC with non-visible threads.ResultsAfter ultrasound scan (USS) assessment 67 women underwent a removal procedure. Sixty-two devices (92.5%) were successfully removed. Uterine instrumentation beyond the internal os was required in 43 removals, enabling comparison of uterine cavity length with the length of IUC and threads. Such comparison suggested 39/43 (91%) devices were not fundal at insertion and that non-visible threads were likely to have been caused by the device moving to the fundus post-insertion under the influence of uterine contractions, leading to retraction of the threads.ConclusionsRemoval of IUC with non-visible threads can be successfully done in a CSH setting with ultrasound availability. Non-fundal placement of IUC at insertion is likely to be a significant cause of non-visible threads.