bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for loss of Epichloë and non‐epichloid symbionts under altered rainfall regimes
Authors: David Aaron S. , Bell‐Dereske Lukas P. , Emery Sarah M. , McCormick Brandon M. , Seabloom Eric W. , Rudgers Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2019

PremiseMicrobial symbionts can buffer plant hosts from environmental change. Therefore, understanding how global change factors alter the associations between hosts and their microbial symbionts may improve predictions of future changes in host population dynamics and microbial diversity. Here, we investigated how one global change factor, precipitation, affected the maintenance or loss of symbiotic fungal endophytes in a C3 grass host. Specifically, we examined the distinct responses of Epichloë (vertically transmitted and systemic) and non‐epichloid endophytes (typically horizontally transmitted and localized) by considering (1) how precipitation altered associations with Epichloë and non‐epichloid endophytic taxa across host ontogeny, and (2) interactive effects of water availability and Epichloë on early seedling life history stages.MethodsWe manipulated the presence of Epichloë amarillans in American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) in a multiyear field experiment that imposed three precipitation regimes (ambient or ±30% rainfall). In laboratory assays, we investigated the interactive effects of water availability and Epichloë on seed viability and germination.ResultsReduced precipitation decreased the incidence of Epichloë in leaves in the final sampling period, but had no effect on associations with non‐epichloid taxa. Epichloë reduced the incidence of non‐epichloid endophytes, including systemic p‐endophytes, in seeds. Laboratory assays suggested that association with Epichloë is likely maintained, in part, due to increased seed viability and germination regardless of water availability.ConclusionsOur study empirically demonstrates several pathways for plant symbionts to be lost or maintained across host ontogeny and suggests that reductions in precipitation can drive the loss of a plant's microbial symbionts.
Speckle observations with PISCO in Calern (France): I. Astrometric measurements of visual binaries in 2015–2016
Authors: Scardia Marco , Rivet Jean‐Pierre , Prieur Jean‐Louis , Pansecchi Luigi , Argyle Robert W. , Ling Josefina F. , Aristidi Eric , Zanutta Alessio , Vernet David , Abe Lyu , Bendjoya Philippe , Dimur Cécile , Suárez Olga 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries, made in 2015–2016 with the speckle camera pupil interferometry speckle camera and coronagraph (PISCO) at the 1‐m Epsilon telescope of the C2PU facility (Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Calern site). Our observing list contains orbital couples as well as binaries whose motion is still uncertain. From our 1,233 observations of 1,173 multiple stars, we obtained 1,170 new measurements with angular separations in the range 0″.1 — 8″.2, and an average accuracy of 0″.0078. The mean error on the position angles is 0°.54. Most of the position angles were determined without the usual 180° ambiguity with the application of the direct vector autocorrelation technique and/or by inspection of the long integration files.
The effect of economic variables on a bio‐refinery for biodiesel production using calcium oxide catalyst﻿
Authors: Gebremariam Shemelis N. , Marchetti Jorge M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of market variables on biodiesel production and considers a calcium oxide catalyzed transesterification process. A conceptual process simulation of a plant using Super Pro software was used to vary the economic scenarios and to evaluate the effects of selected variables such as prices of biodiesel, glycerol, oil, alcohol, catalyst, equipment maintenance, labor, and tax variation. Changing the values of these variables led to large effects on the overall economics of the production process. Oil purchasing cost exerted a larger influence on the economic outcome, with an approximately 73% decrease in net present value (NPV) for a 22% increase in the oil purchasing cost. Under optimum conditions the process would be profitable for oil costs below 590US$ ton−1. Varying the equipment maintenance costs produced a smaller effect, which could allow the amount of cost allocated for routine maintenance activities to be increased to sustain the productivity of the process. The study could also provide cutoff values for each variable for economic feasibility of the process at the given market scenario. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poor peer work does not boost student confidence
Authors: Kappes Heather Barry , Fasolo Barbara , Han Wenjie , Barnes Jessica , Ter Meer Janna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStudents' low confidence, particularly in numerical topics, is thought to be a barrier to keeping them engaged with education. We studied the effects on confidence of exposure to a peer's work of varying quality (very good or bad) and neatness (messy or neat). Previous research underpinned our hypothesis that a peer's bad‐quality work—which students rarely see—might boost student confidence more than very good work. We also predicted that a peer's very good work—which students are often shown—might be less discouraging if it were messy, suggesting it required effort and struggle. However, in experiments with university students and low‐educated adults, these hypotheses were not supported, and all participants decreased in confidence after seeing any peer work. The failure to find support for these hypotheses can inform future research into social comparison effects on self‐confidence in numerical topics. These results also have practical implications for teachers and managers who are expected to provide examples of peer work.
Long-term follow-up of the AVOD randomized trial of antibiotic avoidance in uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Isacson D , Smedh K , Nikberg M , Chabok A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to assess the long-term results in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis who had participated in the Antibiotics in Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis (AVOD) RCT, which randomized patients with CT-verified left-sided acute uncomplicated diverticulitis to management without or with antibiotics.

Methods
The medical records of patients who had participated in the AVOD trial were reviewed for long-term results such as recurrences, complications and surgery. Quality-of-life questionnaires (EQ-5D™) were sent to patients, who were also contacted by telephone. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of clinical outcomes.

Results
A total of 556 of the 623 patients (89·2 per cent) were followed up for a median of 11 years. There were no differences between the no-antibiotic and antibiotic group in recurrences (both 31·3 per cent; P = 0·986), complications (4·4 versus 5·0 per cent; P = 0·737), surgery for diverticulitis (6·2 versus 7·1 per cent; P = 0·719) or colorectal cancer (0·4 versus 2·1 per cent; P = 0·061). The response rate for the EQ-5D™ was 52·8 versus 45·2 per cent respectively (P = 0·030), and no differences were found between the two groups in any of the measured dimensions.

Conclusion
Antibiotic avoidance for uncomplicated diverticulitis is safe in the long term.
Benign hilar bile duct strictures resected as perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Otsuka S , Ebata T , Yokoyama Y , Igami T , Mizuno T , Yamaguchi J , Onoe S , Watanabe N , Shimoyama Y , Nagino M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Differentiation between perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC) and benign strictures is frequently difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and long-term outcome of patients with tumours resected because of suspicion of PHCC, which ultimately turned out to be benign (malignancy masquerade).

Methods
Patients who underwent surgical resection with a diagnosis of PHCC between 2001 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
Among 707 consecutive patients, 685 had PHCC and the remaining 22 (3·1 per cent) had benign biliary stricture. All patients with benign disease underwent major hepatectomy, with no deaths. Preoperative histological assessment using bile duct biopsy or aspiration cytology had a high specificity (90 per cent), low sensitivity (62 per cent) and unsatisfactory accuracy (63 per cent). Despite the increasing use of histological assessment, the incidence of benign strictures resected did not decrease over time, being 0·9 per cent in 2001–2004, 4·0 per cent in 2005–2008, 3·8 per cent in 2009–2012 and 2·9 per cent in 2013–2016. The final pathology of benign strictures included IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (9 patients), hepatolithiasis (4), granulomatous cholangitis (3), non-specific chronic cholangitis (3), benign strictures after cholecystectomy (2), and a benign stricture possibly caused by parasitic infection (1). The 10-year overall survival rate for the 22 patients with benign stricture was 87 per cent, without recurrence of biliary stricture.

Conclusion
The incidence of benign strictures resected as PHCC as a proportion of all resections was relatively low, at 3·1 per cent. Currently, unnecessary surgery for suspected PHCC is unavoidable.
Diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in pregnant women
Authors: Beharee Nitish , Shi Zhujun , Wu Dongchen , Wang Jinhua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the incidence of gynecological malignant tumors during pregnancy has increased, mainly due to the increased number of old age pregnancy. The most common gynecological malignant tumors in pregnancy are cervical cancer, accounting for 71.6%, followed by ovarian malignant tumors, accounting for 7.0%. The incidence of cervical cancer in pregnancy is itself not very high, and the symptoms are easily confused with other diseases in pregnancy. During pregnancy, gynecological examination is limited, and therefore, the rate of misdiagnosis is higher. The treatment of cervical cancer during pregnancy is related to many factors, such as tumor size, pathological type, period of gestation, lymph node involvement, and patients' willingness to maintain pregnancy. As a reason of these factors, it is difficult to determine the optimal treatment. This article reviews the research progress on the diagnosis and treatment principles of cervical cancer in pregnancy, in order to strike a balance between effective treatment of tumors and protection of fetal health, and avoid delays in treatment and preterm delivery.
Individual decision making about lung cancer screening: A conjoint analysis of perspectives among a high‐risk national sample
Authors: Byrne Margaret M. , Thurer Richard J. , Studts Jamie L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesLung cancer screening (LCS) is effective in reducing lung cancer mortality, but there is limited information available regarding preferences among high‐risk individuals concerning LCS. In this study, we use a conjoint valuation analysis (CVA) to better understand which LCS attributes most affect LCS preferences.Materials and MethodsWe implemented a web‐based nationally representative survey that included a full‐profile CVA exercise. Participants were over the age of 45, had at least a 20 pack‐year smoking history, and no history of lung cancer. The CVA instrument included five LCS attributes, and additional survey items collected demographic and psychosocial information.ResultsParticipants (n = 210) had a mean age of 61 (SD 8.5) years, approximately half were female (51.9%), and were racially/ethnically diverse. Average relative importance of the LCS program attributes was (from high to low): out of pocket costs (27.3 ± 17.7); provider recommendation (24.8 ± 13.4); mortality reduction (17.2 ± 8.9); false‐positive rate (15.8 ± 10.4); and ease of access (14.8 ± 7.3). There was large variation among individuals, but few significant associations of propensity to screen with individual demographic characteristics. Average screening propensity across individuals (1‐9 scale) was 3.63 ± 1.6, and average rates of individual scenarios ranged from 2.60 ± 2.00 to 5.57 ± 2.13, indicating low inclination for screening.ConclusionsWe found that overall propensity for screening is low in a high‐risk population, and that out of pocket costs were of greater importance to potential screeners than mortality reduction or false‐positive rates. Thus, individuals considering or eligible for LCS need additional education and support regarding the LCS landscape in order to achieve informed decision making.
Validation and application of a prognostic model for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Pei‐Wei , Chang Ching‐Fu , Hung Chia‐Yen , Hsueh Shun‐Wen , Chang Pei‐Hung , Yeh Kun‐Yun , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chen Yen‐Yang , Lu Chang‐Hsien , Hung Yu‐Shin , Chou Wen‐Chi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously developed a robust prognostic model (GS model) to predict the survival outcome of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) receiving palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus S‐1 (GS). This study aimed to validate the application of the GS model in APC patients receiving chemotherapy other than the GS regimen.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 727 APC patients who received first‐line palliative chemotherapy other than the GS regimen between 2010 and 2016 at four institutions in Taiwan. The patients were categorized into three prognostic groups based on the GS model for comparisons of survival outcome, best tumor response, and in‐group survival differences with monotherapy or combination therapy.ResultsThe median survival times for the good, intermediate, and poor prognostic groups were 13.4, 8.4, and 4.6 months, respectively. The hazard ratios for the comparisons of intermediate and poor to good prognostic groups were 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]), 1.22‐1.88, P < .001) and 2.84 (95% CI, 2.34‐3.45, P < .001). The best tumor responses with either partial response or stable disease were 57.5%, 40.4%, and 17.2% of patients in the good, intermediate, and poor prognostic groups (P < .001), respectively. For patients in the good prognostic group, first‐line chemotherapy with monotherapy and combination therapy had similar median survival times (13.8 vs 12.9 months, P = .26), while combination therapy showed a better median survival time than monotherapy in patients in the intermediate and poor prognostic groups (8.5 vs 8.0 months, P = .038 and 5.7 vs 3.7 months, P = .001, respectively).ConclusionThe results of our study supported the application of the GS model as a general prognostic tool for patients with pancreatic cancer receiving first‐line palliative chemotherapy with gemcitabine‐based regimens.
Safety and efficacy of polymer‐free biolimus‐eluting stents versus ultrathin stents in unprotected left main or coronary bifurcation: A propensity score analysis from the RAIN and CHANCE registries
Authors: D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Gaido Luca , Bernardi Alessandro , Saglietto Andrea , Franzé Alfonso , Ielasi Alfonso , Trabattoni Daniela , Di Biasi Maurizio , Infantino Vincenzo , Rognoni Andrea , Helft Gerard , Gangor Andrea , Latini Roberto A. , De Luca Leonardo , Mitomo Satoru , Ugo Fabrizio , Smolka Grzegorz , Huczek Zenon , Cortese Bernardo , Capodanno Davide , Chieffo Alaide , Piazza Fabio , di Mario Carlo , Poli Arnaldo , D'Urbano Maurizio , Romeo Francesco , Giammaria Massimo , Varbella Ferdinando , Sheiban Imad , Escaned Javier , De Ferrari Gaetano M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate safety and efficacy of polymer‐free biolimus‐eluting stents (PF‐BESs) versus ultrathin stents in unprotected left main (ULM) or bifurcation.BackgroundPF‐BESs due to reduced length of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) are increasingly used. However, there are limited data about safety and efficacy for ULM or bifurcation.MethodsWe selected all‐patients treated for ULM or bifurcation from two multicenter real life registries (RAIN [NCT03544294] evaluating ultrathin stents, CHANCE [NCT03622203] appraising PF‐BES). After propensity score with matching, the primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE; a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization [TLR], and stent thrombosis [ST]), while its components along with target vessel revascularization (TVR) secondary endpoints.ResultsThree thousand and three patients treated with ultrathin stents and 446 with PF‐BESs, resulting respectively in 562 and 281 after propensity score with matching (33 and 22%, respectively, with ULM disease). After 12 (8–20) months, rates of MACE were similar (9 vs. 8%, p = 0.56) without difference in TLR and ST (3.0 vs. 1.7%, p = .19 and 1.8 vs. 1.1%, p = .42). These results were consistent for ULM group (3 vs. 1.7% and 1.8 vs. 1.1%, p = .49 and .76), for non‐ULM group (2.1 vs. 3.4%, p = .56 and 1.2 vs. 1.7%, p = .78) and for two‐stent strategy (8.7 vs. 4.5% and 4.3 vs. 3.2%, p = .75 and .91). Among patients treated with 1 month of DAPT in both groups, those with ultrathin stents experienced higher rates of MACE related to all‐cause death (22 vs. 12%, p = .04) with higher although not significant rates of ST (3 vs. 0%, p = .45).ConclusionsPF‐BES implanted on ULM or BiF offered freedom from TLR and ST comparable to ultrathin stents. PF‐BESs patients assuming DAPT for 1 month experienced a lower despite not significant incidence of ST.
Dramatic response to modified docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy after immunotherapy in a patient with refractory metastatic anal cancer
Authors: Shahjehan Faisal , Kamatham Saivaishnavi , Ritter Ashton , Kasi Pashtoon Murtaza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDoublet chemotherapies are the mainstay in the management of metastatic anal cancer. Immunotherapy has been incorporated into guidelines in a refractory setting. Treatment options remain limited with tumor progression beyond immunotherapy. Modified docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (mDCF) chemotherapy, after progression postimmunotherapy, has shown a near‐complete response in our patient with metastatic anal cancer. This likely is secondary to the sequence of immunotherapy followed by chemotherapy that is yielding greater than historical responses.
Straightforward Electrochemical Sulfonylation of Arenes and Aniline Derivatives using Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Nikl Joachim , Ravelli Davide , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a general electrochemical synthesis of sulfones from arenes and aniline derivatives with sodium sulfinates. A wide range of C−S cross‐coupling products is available by this oxidant‐ and transition metal‐free method. Both aryl and diaryl sulfones can be readily obtained, using this scalable and inherently safe one‐step protocol. Since the synthesis excludes the need for additional supporting electrolyte and occurs in an aqueous electrolyte system that is easily recovered and recycled, this strategy represents a sustainable and green alternative to existing sulfonylation reactions.
Flüssig/Flüssig‐Extraktion von Indium aus sauren Lösungen
Authors: Vostal Radek , Reiber Martin , Bertau Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie Extraktion von Indium aus einer synthetischen, sulfathaltigen Lösung unter Verwendung von handelsüblichen Reagenzien (Cyanex 272, DEHPA und Cyanex 923) wird vergleichend bewertet. Die Extraktionsprofile von Indium (III) wurden im Hinblick auf die Reagenzkonzentration, den pH‐Wert der wässrigen Lösung und die Indiumkonzentration in einem niedrigen Phasenverhältnis von 1:10 untersucht. DEHPA und Cyanex 272 sind im Gegensatz zu Cyanex 923 sehr gut zur Extraktion von Indium geeignet. Die Reextraktion mit HCl und H2SO4 wird vergleichend betrachtet.
Furin‐mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer
Authors: Braun Elisabeth , Sauter Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProteolytic cleavage regulates numerous processes in health and disease. One key player is the ubiquitously expressed serine protease furin, which cleaves a plethora of proteins at polybasic recognition motifs. Mammalian substrates of furin include cytokines, hormones, growth factors and receptors. Thus, it is not surprising that aberrant furin activity is associated with a variety of disorders including cancer. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of furin is exploited by numerous viral and bacterial pathogens, thereby enhancing their virulence and spread. In this review, we describe the physiological and pathophysiological substrates of furin and discuss how dysregulation of a simple proteolytic cleavage event may promote infectious diseases and cancer. One major focus is the role of furin in viral glycoprotein maturation and pathogenicity. We also outline cellular mechanisms regulating the expression and activation of furin and summarise current approaches that target this protease for therapeutic intervention.
Revisiting cercariform cells: Small cell carcinoma masquerading as cercariform cells
Authors: El Hussein Siba , Colanta Agnes , Khader Samer N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCercariform cells are slender cells with a bulbous end and a unipolar long cytoplasmic process, resembling Schistosoma cercariae. Since their first description in urothelial carcinoma, multiple studies have attempted to explore their utility in distinguishing metastatic urothelial carcinoma from other common malignant neoplasms, such as adenocarcinoma and squamous‐cell carcinoma. Although not pathognomonic, they are most commonly encountered in urothelial carcinoma, but they can also be seen in other neoplasms, raising the possibility that this cytomorphological feature can be exploited to aid in diagnosis.
Small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in directly sampled endometrial cytology: A monocentric retrospective study of six cases
Authors: Ebisu Yusuke , Ishida Mitsuaki , Okano Kimiaki , Sandoh Kaori , Mizokami Tomomi , Kita Masato , Okada Hidetaka , Tsuta Koji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSmall‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the endometrium is extremely rare, and demonstrates an aggressive clinical course. Since reports describing its cytological features are scarce, we aimed to retrospectively analyze these features. Patients with a histopathological diagnosis of NEC who underwent preoperative cytological examination, were enrolled in this study. The cytological features including the background, arrangement, and shape of the neoplastic cells, and the nuclear and cytoplasmic features were reviewed; six patients were enrolled. The conventionally stained, directly sampled cytological specimens showed small neoplastic cell clusters in all cases, as well as isolated neoplastic cells and large clusters in 3 and 2 cases, respectively, in inflammatory or necrotic backgrounds. These neoplastic cells had a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and round to oval nuclei with powdery chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scant cytoplasm. Nuclear molding was a characteristic finding. An adenocarcinoma component was also present in 3 cases. Initial cytodiagnosis revealed small‐cell NEC and adenocarcinoma or suspected adenocarcinoma in 1 and 4 cases, respectively. The one remaining case was found to be negative and was considered as degenerated endometrial stromal cells. Primarily owing to overlooking this component, the initial cytodiagnostic accuracy of small‐cell NEC was low, particularly in cases with coexisting adenocarcinoma. However, the cytological features of this tumor were characteristic. Therefore, although extremely rare, careful observation is essential for an early and accurate diagnosis and to prevent overlooking the small‐cell NEC component.