bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of an infection prevention link nurse programme in community hospitals and development of an implementation model
Authors: Williams Lynne , Cooper Tracey , Bradford Lisa , Cooledge Beryl , Elner Francesca , Fisher Denise , Huws Jaci C , Jones Louise , Morris Stephanie , Rowe Natasha , Sengwe Robson , Roberts Catherine , Roberts Karen , Wright Jane , Griffiths Heledd Owen 
Published: October 2018

Background: Little evidence exists to show the exact impact of the link nurse role in promoting best practice in infection prevention. This paper is a report of the implementation and evaluation of a link nurse programme for community hospitals across one NHS organisation. Aim/objectives: The main aim of the study was to implement and evaluate an infection prevention link programme. The study objectives were: 1) to develop materials for a bespoke infection prevention programme which incorporated education, behaviour change, reward and recognition and 2) to evaluate the implementation of the programme, and to learn about barriers and enablers to implementation. Method: Data were collected using semi-structured telephone interviews, contact logs and online course evaluation. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: We identified four overarching themes that, collectively, construct a model for the implementation of the link nurse role in infection prevention. The themes are labelled as: selection process, support networks, essential roots, and turning points for success. Discussion: This study contributes to understanding the contribution of link nurses in infection prevention. We suggest our findings are transferable to different settings, and the model provides guidance to support future link nurse programmes and promote best practice in infection prevention practice.
First genotype‐phenotype study reveals HLA‐DQβ1 insertion heterogeneity in high‐resolution manometry achalasia subtypes
Authors: Vackova Zuzana , Niebisch Stefan , Triantafyllou Tania , Becker Jessica , Hess Timo , Kreuser Nicole , Kanoni Stavroula , Deloukas Panos , Schüller Vitalia , Heinrichs Sophie KM , Thieme René , Nöthen Markus M , Knapp Michael , Spicak Julius , Gockel Ines , Schumacher Johannes , Theodorou Dimitris , Martinek Jan 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAchalasia is a primary oesophageal motility disorder. Although aetiology remains mainly unknown, a genetic risk variant, rs28688207 in HLA‐DQB1, showed strong achalasia association suggesting involvement of immune‐mediated processes in the pathogenesis. High‐resolution manometry recognises three types of achalasia. The aim of our study was to perform the first genotype‐phenotype analysis investigating the frequency of rs28688207 across the high‐resolution manometry subtypes.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional retrospective study. Achalasia patients from tertiary centres in the Czech Republic (n = 163), Germany (n = 114), Greece (n = 70) and controls were enrolled. All subjects were genotyped for the rs28688207 insertion. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the genotype‐phenotype analysis.ResultsA total of 347 achalasia patients (type I – 89, II – 210, III – 48) were included. The overall frequency of the rs28688207 was 10.3%. The distribution of the insertion was significantly different across the high‐resolution manometry subtypes (p = 0.038), being most prevalent in type I (14.6%), followed by type II (9.5%) and III (6.3%).ConclusionThe frequency of the HLA‐DQB1 insertion differs among high‐resolution manometry achalasia subtypes. The insertion is most prevalent in type I, suggesting that immune‐mediated mechanisms triggered by the insertion may play a more prominent role in the pathogenesis of this subtype.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Scapular Retraction Test in Assessing the Status of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Khazzam Michael , Gates Stephen T. , Tisano Breann K. , Kukowski Nathan 
Published: October 2018

Background: Currently, clinical physical examination maneuvers alone provide variable reliability in diagnosing full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the scapular retraction test (SRT) to predict full-thickness RCTs. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 331 patients were prospectively evaluated in this cohort study. SRT was performed to assess the status of the rotator cuff. A positive SRT indicates an intact rotator cuff, and a negative SRT indicates a full-thickness RCT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used as the gold standard. The examiner was blinded to the results until completing the physical examination. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of the SRT. Results: The prevalence of full-thickness RCTs diagnosed on MRI was 54.4% (180 of 331). Among the 180 patients with an MRI-confirmed full-thickness RCT, the SRT was negative for 147. Of 150 patients with an intact rotator cuff by MRI, 122 had a positive SRT. In diagnosing full-thickness RCTs, the SRT had a sensitivity of 81.7% (95% CI, 77.2%-85.4%), specificity of 80.8% (95% CI, 75.5%-85.3%), and accuracy 81.3%. The positive predictive value was 83.5% (95% CI, 78.9%-87.4%); the negative predictive value, 78.7% (95% CI, 73.5%-83.1%); the positive likelihood ratio, 4.3 (95% CI, 3.1-5.8); the negative likelihood ratio, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.17-0.30); and the diagnostic odds ratio, 18.7 (95% CI, 10.4-34.0). Conclusion: The results of this diagnostic study indicate that the SRT can accurately be used to clinically assess the status of the rotator cuff. This physical examination maneuver was found to be accurate, sensitive, and specific in diagnosing full-thickness RCTs. Additionally, our results indicate that it is equally as accurate to predict an intact rotator cuff tendon. Providing an accurate, reliable, and reproducible physical examination test will allow clinicians to diagnosis the integrity of the rotator cuff and will help guide treatment recommendations.
North American ATLL has a distinct mutational and transcriptional profile and responds to epigenetic therapies
Authors: Shah Urvi A. , Chung Elaine Y. , Giricz Orsi , Pradhan Kith , Kataoka Keisuke , Gordon-Mitchell Shanisha , Bhagat Tushar D. , Mai Yun , Wei Yongqiang , Ishida Elise , Choudhary Gaurav S. , Joseph Ancy , Rice Ronald , Gitego Nadege , Parrish Crystall , Bartenstein Matthias , Goel Swati , Mantzaris Ioannis , Shastri Aditi , Derman Olga , Binder Adam , Gritsman Kira , Kornblum Noah , Braunschweig Ira , Bhagat Chirag , Hall Jeff , Graber Armin , Ratner Lee , Wang Yanhua , Ogawa Seishi , Verma Amit , Ye B. Hilda , Janakiram Murali 
Published: October 2018

Key Points
North American ATLL has a distinct genomic landscape with a high frequency of prognostic epigenetic mutations, including EP300 mutations. ATLL samples with mutated EP300 have compromised p53 function and are selectively sensitive to decitabine treatment.
IG-MYC+ neoplasms with precursor B-cell phenotype are molecularly distinct from Burkitt lymphomas
Authors: Wagener Rabea , López Cristina , Kleinheinz Kortine , Bausinger Julia , Aukema Sietse M. , Nagel Inga , Toprak Umut H. , Seufert Julian , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Schneider Christof , Kolarova Julia , Park Jeongbin , Hübschmann Daniel , Murga Penas Eva M. , Drexler Hans G. , Attarbaschi Andishe , Hovland Randi , Kjeldsen Eigil , Kneba Michael , Kontny Udo , de Leval Laurence , Nürnberg Peter , Oschlies Ilske , Oscier David , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Wössmann Wilhelm , Schlesner Matthias , Burkhardt Birgit , Klapper Wolfram , Jaffe Elaine S. , Küppers Ralf , Siebert Reiner 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue notes instances of Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (BL) with IG-MYC rearrangement displaying a B-cell precursor immunophenotype (termed herein “preBLL”). To characterize the molecular pathogenesis of preBLL, we investigated 13 preBLL cases (including 1 cell line), of which 12 were analyzable using genome, exome, and targeted sequencing, imbalance mapping, and DNA methylation profiling. In 5 patients with reads across the IG-MYC breakpoint junctions, we found evidence that the translocation derived from an aberrant VDJ recombination, as is typical for IG translocations arising in B-cell precursors. Genomic changes like biallelic IGH translocations or VDJ rearrangements combined with translocation into the VDJ region on the second allele, potentially preventing expression of a productive immunoglobulin, were detected in 6 of 13 cases. We did not detect mutations in genes frequently altered in BL, but instead found activating NRAS and/or KRAS mutations in 7 of 12 preBLLs. Gains on 1q, recurrent in BL and preB lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (pB-ALL/LBL), were detected in 7 of 12 preBLLs. DNA methylation profiling showed preBLL to cluster with precursor B cells and pB-ALL/LBL, but apart from BL. We conclude that preBLL genetically and epigenetically resembles pB-ALL/LBL rather than BL. Therefore, we propose that preBLL be considered as a pB-ALL/LBL with recurrent genetic abnormalities.
Sevoflurane Protects Hepatocytes From Ischemic Injury by Reducing Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling of Hepatic Stellate Cells: Translational Findings Based on a Clinical Trial
Authors: Beck-Schimmer Beatrice , Roth Z’graggen Birgit , Booy Christa , Köppel Sabrina , Spahn Donat R. , Schläpfer Martin , Schadde Erik 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) data demonstrate that sevoflurane postconditioning improves clinical outcomes of liver resection with inflow occlusion, presumably due to hepatocyte protection from ischemic injury. However, mechanisms remain unclear. This study examines liver biopsy samples obtained in an RCT of sevoflurane postconditioning to test the hypothesis that sevoflurane attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis.

METHODS:
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of pro- and antiapoptotic regulators Bax and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) was examined in hepatic biopsies obtained during the RCT. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatocytes were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to evaluate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on apoptosis. The role of HSC as a potential apoptosis trigger in hepatocytes through the production of reactive oxygen species induced by H/R was explored by transferring supernatants from H/R-exposed HSC to hepatocytes as target cells.

RESULTS:
In patients of the RCT, the Bax/Bcl2 mRNA ratio in liver tissue was markedly decreased in the sevoflurane arm (25% ± 21% reduction; P = .001). In vitro, H/R increased reactive oxygen species production in HSC by 33% ± 16% (P = .025), while it was abolished in the presence of sevoflurane (P < .001). In hepatocytes, caspase was minimally activated by H/R. However, incubation of hepatocytes with supernatants of HSC, previously exposed to H/R, increased caspase activity by 28% ± 13% (P < .001). When exposed to supernatants from HSC undergoing sevoflurane postconditioning, caspase activation in hepatocytes was reduced by 20% ± 9% (P < .001), similarly to the sevoflurane effect on the BAX/Bcl2 mRNA ratio in the liver samples.

CONCLUSIONS:
The study shows that sevoflurane postconditioning affects apoptosis of hepatocytes after ischemia-reperfusion injury in patients. It also demonstrates that HSC may be the effector cells of sevoflurane protection.
Characterizing performance improvement in primary care systems in Mesoamerica: A realist evaluation protocol
Authors: Munar Wolfgang , Wahid Syed S. , Curry Leslie 
Published: October 2018

Background. Evaluations of performance measurement and management interventions in public, primary care delivery systems of low- and middle-income countries are scarce. In such contexts, few studies to date have focused on characterizing how, why and under what contextual conditions do such complex, multifaceted arrangements lead to intended and unintended consequences for the healthcare workforce, the healthcare organizations involved, and the communities that are served. Methods. Case-study design with purposeful outlier sampling of high-performing primary care delivery systems in El Salvador and Honduras, as part of the Salud Mesoamerica Initiative. Case study design is suitable for characterizing individual, interpersonal and collective mechanisms of change in complex adaptive systems. The protocol design includes literature review, document review, non-participant observation, and qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews. Data analysis will use inductive and deductive approaches to identify causal patterns organized as ‘context-mechanism-outcome’ configurations. Findings will be triangulated with existing secondary data sources collected including country-specific performance measurement data, impact, and process evaluations conducted by the Salud Mesoamerica Initiative. Discussion. This realist evaluation protocol aims to characterize how, why and under what conditions do performance measurement and management arrangements contribute to the improvement of primary care system performance in two low-income countries.
Deep clinical and biological phenotyping of the preterm birth and small for gestational age syndromes: The INTERBIO-21st Newborn Case-Control Study protocol
Authors: Kennedy Stephen H. , Victora Cesar G. , Craik Rachel , Ash Stephen , Barros Fernando C. , Barsosio Hellen C. , Berkley James A. , Carvalho Maria , Fernandes Michelle , Cheikh Ismail Leila , Lambert Ann , Lindgren Cecilia M. , McGready Rose , Munim Shama , Nellåker Christoffer , Noble Julia A. , Norris Shane A. , Nosten Francois , Ohuma Eric O. , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Stein Alan , Stones William , Tshivuila-Matala Chrystelle O.O. , Staines Urias Eleonora , Vatish Manu , Wulff Katharina , Zainab Ghulam , Zondervan Krina T. , Uauy Ricardo , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Villar José 
Published: October 2018

Background: INTERBIO-21st is Phase II of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, the population-based, research initiative involving nearly 70,000 mothers and babies worldwide coordinated by Oxford University and performed by a multidisciplinary network of more than 400 healthcare professionals and scientists from 35 institutions in 21 countries worldwide. Phase I, conducted 2008-2015, consisted of nine complementary studies designed to describe optimal human growth and neurodevelopment, based conceptually on the WHO prescriptive approach. The studies generated a set of international standards for monitoring growth and neurodevelopment, which complement the existing WHO Child Growth Standards. Phase II aims to improve the functional classification of the highly heterogenous preterm birth and fetal growth restriction syndromes through a better understanding of how environmental exposures, clinical conditions and nutrition influence patterns of human growth from conception to childhood, as well as specific neurodevelopmental domains and associated behaviors at 2 years of age. Methods: In the INTERBIO-21st Newborn Case-Control Study, a major component of Phase II, our objective is to investigate the mechanisms potentially responsible for preterm birth and small for gestational age and their interactions, using deep phenotyping of clinical, growth and epidemiological data and associated nutritional, biochemical, omic and histological profiles. Here we describe the study sites, population characteristics, study design, methodology and standardization procedures for the collection of longitudinal clinical data and biological samples (maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, placental tissue, maternal feces and infant buccal swabs) for the study that was conducted between 2012 and 2018 in Brazil, Kenya, Pakistan, South Africa, Thailand and the UK. Discussion: Our study provides a unique resource for the planned analyses given the range of potentially disadvantageous exposures (including poor nutrition, pregnancy complications and infections) in geographically diverse populations worldwide. The study should enhance current medical knowledge and provide new insights into environmental influences on human growth and neurodevelopment.
Guinea yam (Dioscorea spp., Dioscoreaceae) wild relatives identified using whole plastome phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Magwé‐Tindo Jacqueline , Wieringa Jan J. , Sonké Bonaventure , Zapfack Louis , Vigouroux Yves , Couvreur Thomas L.P. , Scarcelli Nora 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe genus Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) contains several economically important species for human consumption, medical and pharmaceutical uses. The phylogeny of this genus is not yet fully resolved. As a result, the relationships between cultivated yams and their wild relatives are not well understood and this negatively affects the understanding of the evolution of cultivated yams. Here, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the main African cultivated species with all West African species in order to better circumscribe the crop wild relatives of African yams. Complete plastomes of 57 individuals representing all 17 known Dioscorea species from West Africa were reconstructed. Tree topologies generated using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood approaches were highly congruent. Six monophyletic groups were obtained. All the species were distinct except within the cultivated clade, where it was not possible to separate the two main cultivated species (D. cayenensis, D. rotundata) from their closest West African wild relatives (D. abyssinica, D. praehensilis, D. sagittifolia). Dioscorea baya formed a monophyletic group closely related to the cultivated clade. We therefore suggest it is included within the yam crop–wild relative complex.
Developing an initial item bank for a new cardiac rehabilitation PROM
Authors: Cowie Aynsley , Kerr Emma , McKay Janet , Allan Lesley , Thomson Patricia 
Published: October 2018

Background: A Scotland-wide government scoping exercise identified the need for a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) suitable for the wide range of diagnostic groups now accessing cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Aim: This paper describes the initial steps underpinning development of the item bank for a first draft tool (PROM–CR1). Methods: A literature review of existing tools was undertaken to guide a qualitative data collection methodology involving 19 CR staff and 22 service users. Results: Four conceptual ideas for health/quality of life were identified from the literature review: general health; physical; social; and psychological. Three key qualitative themes, largely reflective of literature review findings, were identified: expectations and entitlement; adjustment and acceptance; and control and choice. Future directions: These data will be combined to form PROM-CR1's initial item bank, which will be piloted with staff and service users and refined to generate a finalised tool (PROM–CR) for use in clinical practice.
IMPLEMENTASI TAHUN INFRASTRUKTUR DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Adhi Suwantho 
Published: October 2018

Year of infrastructure is the Central Java Provincial Government’s policy since 2014 which is expected to improve the condition of infrastructure, particularly roads. Through qualitative method, this research focused on the meaning of infrastructure year and its impact.The result showed that the year of the infrastructure is the policy of increasing budget allocations for rehabilitation and construction of roads through budget of Central Java. The result of the policy is better roads conditions. The success of the infrastructure year was supported by the commitment of parliaments in budgeting process and ability of local governments to implement all activities. Keywords : Policy, Implementation, Infrastructure
Bowling Together: On Selected Aspects of Professional Capital in 21st Century Education
Authors: Herzog Tomasz 
Published: October 2018

Professional Capital, Professional Communication, Civic Participation, and Community are the ideas about teachers as social change agents that have recently come into particular focus in thinking about today’s education. In the first part of this paper these ideas are examined in their broad political, social, cultural, and economic contexts. The second part looks more closely at the important aspects of communication and their implications for education and educators.
Everybody wants ‘good teachers’ – but they are hard to define A common narrative of model educators: from fictional teachers through exceptional educators to current educators’ professional perceptions
Authors: Bar Gosen Noah 
Published: October 2018

Throughout the years. researchers searched for the definition of a good teacher. This article offers to learn from model educators, fictional and historical, how to define values, perception and practices which characterize good teachers. Four fictional teachers were chosen based on two characteristics: First, author’s descriptions that underline their good qualities as a person and as a teacher. Second, remarks from their students’ and/or students’ parents or guardians, stating their acknowledgment of the teachers’ special qualities. and their gratitude for the learning experience they shared. A qualitative narrative analysis of these teachers – ‘Jane Eyre’, ‘Ann of Green Gables’ and his sequel ‘Anne from Avonlea”, ‘Up the down Staircase’ and ‘Goodbye Mr. Chips’ – defined five major characteristics which represent the exceptional teacher: holistic perception of the student, identifying and addressing students’ unique needs, emphasis on student-teacher relationship, creative teaching, a sense of mission and an inspiring personality. Examining the work of exceptional educators such as Ann Sullivan (Helen Keler’s tutor). Janusz Korczak, and Haime Escelante, reveals common themes which corresponds with fictional model teachers characteristics. Qualitative interviews with 14 Israeli rural high school teachers (7 homeroom educators and 7 subject teachers) emphasized similar characteristics of their role perceptions and practices. The key to higher achievements, educational and academic alike, lies in the hands of the teachers. If these traits characterize the ‘good teacher’ we should consider merging then into teachers’ preparatory and in-work professional training, as well as teachers’ evaluation processes. Let us learn from good examples how to become ‘good teachers’.
Odkrywanie przez rodziców adopcyjnych i zastępczych odmienności dziecka wynikającej z niepełnosprawności. Studium fenomenograficzne
Authors: Ćwirynkało Katarzyna , Bartnikowska Urszula 
Published: October 2018

A certain percentage of disabled children are not raised in their biological families. It happens more and more often that the place of residence of such a child is not an institution but the adoptive or foster family. Increased prevalence of this type of families makes the study of this area of functioning of children with disabilities more and more important. The paper covers the issue of dealing with a child’s difference by their adoptive/foster parents. The difference has its source e. g. in a disability. The empirical part of the article is the result of qualitative research conducted with parents from 20 adoptive/foster families that raise a child with a disability (this is a part of a broader research project conducted by the authors with these families). The analysis of the interviews shows the ways to discover the otherness, the difference of the child, the ways to accept this otherness, and the importance they ascribe to the otherness of the child.