bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles Codelivering ICG and DOX Effectively Treat Breast Cancer via Hyperthermia‐aided DOX Functionality and Drug Penetration
Authors: Liu Xuerong , Wang Cheng , Ma Huisong , Yu Fangying , Hu Fuqiang , Yuan Hong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTumor growth and metastasis are the major causes of high mortality in breast cancer. In this study, a water‐responsive phospholipid‐calcium‐carbonate hybrid nanoparticle (PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG) surface modified with a phospholipid shell is designed and covered with a shielding polymer polyethylene glycol; this development is loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging and chemophotothermal combination therapy against breast cancer. PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG exhibits satisfactory stability against various aqueous environments with minimal drug leakage and can readily decompose to facilitate quick drug release into cancer cells. In vivo biodistribution studies, PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG demonstrated strong tumor‐homing properties. Interestingly, the in vitro cellular uptake and intratumoral penetration depth of PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG are significantly enhanced under NIR laser irradiation, owing to ICG‐induced hyperthermia, which not only enhances cell permeability and fluidity but also disrupts the dense tumor extracellular matrix. Compared to chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, chemophotothermal combination therapy synergistically induces apoptosis and death in 4T1 cells. Moreover, compared with the phosphate buffer saline group, the combined treatment suppress primary tumor growth at a rate of approximately 94.88% and decrease the number of metastatic nodules by about 93.6%. Therefore, PL/ACC‐DOX&ICG may be a promising nanoplatform for breast cancer treatment.
Progress Report on Phase Separation in Polymer Solutions
Authors: Wang Fei , Altschuh Patrick , Ratke Lorenz , Zhang Haodong , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolymeric porous media (PPM) are widely used as advanced materials, such as sound dampening foams, lithium‐ion batteries, stretchable sensors, and biofilters. The functionality, reliability, and durability of these materials have a strong dependence on the microstructural patterns of PPM. One underlying mechanism for the formation of porosity in PPM is phase separation, which engenders polymer‐rich and polymer‐poor (pore) phases. Herein, the phase separation in polymer solutions is discussed from two different aspects: diffusion and hydrodynamic effects. For phase separation governed by diffusion, two novel morphological transitions are reviewed: “cluster‐to‐percolation” and “percolation‐to‐droplets,” which are attributed to an effect that the polymer‐rich and the solvent‐rich phases reach the equilibrium states asynchronously. In the case dictated by hydrodynamics, a deterministic nature for the microstructural evolution during phase separation is scrutinized. The deterministic nature is caused by an interfacial‐tension‐gradient (solutal Marangoni force), which can lead to directional movement of droplets as well as hydrodynamic instabilities during phase separation.
Synergistic Effect of Aligned Graphene Nanosheets in Graphene Foam for High‐Performance Thermally Conductive Composites
Authors: Wu Zhaohong , Xu Chuan , Ma Chaoqun , Liu Zhibo , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGraphene shows a great potential for high‐performance thermally conductive composite applications because of its extremely high thermal conductivity. However, the graphene‐based polymer composites reported so far only have a limited thermal conductivity, with the highest thermal conductivity enhancement (TCE) per 1 vol% graphene less than 900%. Here, a continuous network of graphene foam (GF), filled with aligned graphene nanosheets (GNs), is shown to be an ideal filler structure for thermally conductive composite materials. Compared to previous reports, a clear thermal percolation is observed at a low graphene loading fraction. The GNs/GF/natural rubber composite shows the highest TCE of 8100% (6.2 vol% graphene loading) ever reported at room temperature, which gives a record‐high TCE per 1 vol% graphene of 1300%. Further analyses reveal a significant synergistic effect between the aligned GNs and 3D interconnected GF, which plays a key role in the formation of a thermal percolation network to remarkably improve the thermal conductivity of the composites. Additionally, the use of this composite for efficient heat dissipation of light‐emitting diode (LED) lamps is demonstrated. These findings provide valuable guidance to design high‐performance graphene‐based thermally conductive materials, and open up the possibility for the use of graphene in high‐power electronic devices.
Key Parameters Requirements for Non‐Fullerene‐Based Organic Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency >20%
Authors: Firdaus Yuliar , Le Corre Vincent M. , Khan Jafar I. , Kan Zhipeng , Laquai Frédéric , Beaujuge Pierre M. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe reported power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) based organic photovoltaics (OPVs) now exceed 14% and 17% for single‐junction and two‐terminal tandem cells, respectively. However, increasing the PCE further requires an improved understanding of the factors limiting the device efficiency. Here, the efficiency limits of single‐junction and two‐terminal tandem NFA‐based OPV cells are examined with the aid of a numerical device simulator that takes into account the optical properties of the active material(s), charge recombination effects, and the hole and electron mobilities in the active layer of the device. The simulations reveal that single‐junction NFA OPVs can potentially reach PCE values in excess of 18% with mobility values readily achievable in existing material systems. Furthermore, it is found that balanced electron and hole mobilities of >10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 in combination with low nongeminate recombination rate constants of 10−12 cm3 s−1 could lead to PCE values in excess of 20% and 25% for single‐junction and two‐terminal tandem OPV cells, respectively. This analysis provides the first tangible description of the practical performance targets and useful design rules for single‐junction and tandem OPVs based on NFA materials, emphasizing the need for developing new material systems that combine these desired characteristics.
AJICAP: Affinity Peptide Mediated Regiodivergent Functionalization of Native Antibodies
Authors: Yamada Kei , Shikida Natsuki , Shimbo Kazutaka , Ito Yuji , Khedri Zahra , Matsuda Yutaka , Mendelsohn Brian A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe need for atom‐precise biomolecule modification, and particularly the irreversible formation of covalent bonds to specific amino acids in proteins, has become an essential issue in the fields of pharmaceuticals and chemical biology. For example, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are increasingly common entries into the clinical oncology pipeline. Herein, we report a new method of affinity peptide mediated regiodivergent functionalization (AJICAP™) that enables the synthesis of ADCs from native IgG antibodies. We succeeded in introducing thiol functional groups onto three lysine residues in IgGs using Fc affinity peptide reagents without antibody engineering. A cytotoxic molecule was then connected to the newly introduced thiol group, and both a surface plasmon resonance binding assay and in vivo xenograft mouse model results showed that the resulting ADC could selectively target and kill HER2‐positive cells. Our strategy provides a new approach for constructing complex antibody‐derived biomolecules.
Tetrodotoxin: Geschichte, Biologie und Synthese
Authors: Makarova Mariia , Rycek Lukas , Hajicek Josef , Baidilov Daler , Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDieser Aufsatz bietet eine umfassende Übersicht über die Geschichte, Biologie und Chemie von Tetrodotoxin (TTX). Er verfolgt den Ursprung dieses bemerkenswerten Moleküls zurück bis zu altertümlichen Aufzeichnungen der chinesischen Medizin. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Entdeckung der biologischen Aktivität, die Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung wird die Biologie von TTX diskutiert, hauptsächlich im Zusammenhang mit seiner Wirksamkeit in Natriumkanälen, seiner anästhetischen Wirkung und dem Anwendungspotential in der Krebsbehandlung oder bei Medikamentenabhängigkeit. Der Diskussion der Biosynthese von TTX folgen Ausführungen zur Totalsynthese. Sämtliche Total‐, Formal‐ und Partialsynthesen werden aufgeführt, wobei wir aber diejenigen Totalsynthesen, die bereits in früheren Aufsätzen vorgestellt wurden, nur kurz zusammenfassen. Schließlich werden die Synthesen von natürlichen und nichtnatürlichen Derivaten betrachtet, und es wird eine Zusammenfassung mit Ausblick für dieses sehr umfangreiche Fachgebiet geboten. Nach bestem Wissen haben wir die Literatur bis Dezember 2018 vollständig abgedeckt.
Unveiling the Intrinsic Catalytic Activities of Single‐Gold‐Nanoparticle‐Based Enzyme Mimetics
Authors: Hafez Mahmoud Elsayed , Ma Hui , Ma Wei , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been demonstrated to serve as effective nanomaterial‐based enzyme mimetics (nanozymes) for a number of enzymatic reactions under mild conditions. The intrinsic glucose oxidase and peroxidase activities of single AuNPs and Ag–Au nanohybrids, respectively, were investigated by single NP collision electrochemical measurements. A significantly high turnover number of nanozymes was obtained from individual catalytic events compared with the results from the classical, ensemble‐averaged measurements. The unusual enhancement of catalytic activity of single nanozymes is believed to originate from the high accessible surface area of monodispersed NPs and the high activities of carbon‐supported NPs during single‐particle collision at a carbon ultramicroelectrode. This work introduces a new method for the precise characterization of the intrinsic catalytic activities of nanozymes, giving further insights to the design of high‐efficiency nanomaterial catalysts.
Tetrodotoxin: History, Biology, and Synthesis
Authors: Makarova Mariia , Rycek Lukas , Hajicek Josef , Baidilov Daler , Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive coverage of the history, biology and chemistry of tetrodotoxin (TTX). It traces the origin of this remarkable molecule all the way back to the ancient Chinese medicine records. The discovery of biological activity, isolation, and a brief overview of structure elucidation are summarized. Next, the biology of TTX is discussed, primarily in the context of its activity in the sodium channels, its anesthetic properties, and its potential use in cancer treatment or drug addiction. Biosynthesis of TTX is covered before the discussion of the total syntheses. All total, formal or partial syntheses are covered but those total syntheses that have been discussed in previous reviews are only briefly summarized. Finally, the synthesis of natural and unnatural derivatives is surveyed, and a conclusion and outlook are provided for this very extensive field of endeavor. To the best of our knowledge the literature coverage is complete up to December 2018.
Organic‐Free Interzeolite Transformation in the Absence of Common Building Units
Authors: Qin Wei , Jain Rishabh , Robles Hernández Francisco C. , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZeolite crystals can be used as seeds or aluminosilicate sources in syntheses to control polymorphs and/or reduce the quantity of organics used as structure‐directing agents. A frequently invoked hypothesis for interzeolite transformations is that zeolites share some underlying similarity in structure, most notably in cases pertaining to organic‐free syntheses. Herein, we show for the first time that ZSM‐5 (MFI) can be directly obtained from USY (FAU) through an interzeolite transformation between parent–daughter structures lacking common building units in the absence of a structure‐directing agent and seeds. We show that interzeolite transformation leads to a crystalline product with fewer defects. Our findings also reveal that ZSM‐5 is a metastable intermediate that undergoes further transformation to mordenite (MOR) and quartz. The MFI‐to‐MOR transition is counter to reported trends for which transformations lead to structures with reduced molar volume. Herein, we propose mechanistic arguments that suggest the driving force for interzeolite transformation is more complex than guidelines posited in the literature.
Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention for left main trunk thrombus following orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Tsuji Masaki , Nitta Daisuke , Minatsuki Shun , Maki Hisataka , Hosoya Yumiko , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Takimoto Eiki , Kinoshita Osamu , Nawata Kan , Ono Minoru , Komuro Issei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHeart transplantation (HTx) is the gold standard therapy to improve quality and quantity of life in end‐stage heart failure patients. However, recipients are at risk of experiencing allograft rejection and post‐transplant complications, in the acute as well as chronic phase. A 43‐year‐old man with a history of left ventricular non‐compaction underwent orthotopic HTx. On Day 7, transthoracic echocardiography showed a sudden decrease in cardiac function with hypokinesis in a left ventricular anterior wall distribution. Coronary angiography revealed a large thrombus in the left main trunk. With intra‐aortic balloon pump support, emergency percutaneous coronary intervention was performed. Endomyocardial biopsy showed no rejection. A left main trunk thrombus is rare in the early phase after HTx, but it can be a life‐threatening complication. Transthoracic echocardiography is well known to be important in the management of heart transplant recipients, and coronary angiography as well as myocardial biopsy should be considered when left ventricular wall motion is impaired.
A systematic review of clinical prediction rules for the diagnosis of chronic heart failure
Authors: Gallagher Joe , McCormack Darren , Zhou Shuaiwei , Ryan Fiona , Watson Chris , McDonald Kenneth , Ledwidge Mark T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsThis study sought to review the literature for clinical prediction models for the diagnosis of patients with chronic heart failure in the community and to validate the models in a novel cohort of patients with a suspected diagnosis of chronic heart failure.Methods and resultsMEDLINE and Embase were searched from 1946 to Q4 2017. Studies were eligible if they contained at least one multivariable model for the diagnosis of chronic heart failure applicable to the primary care setting. The CHARMS checklist was used to evaluate models. We also validated models, where possible, in a novel cohort of patients with a suspected diagnosis of heart failure referred to a rapid access diagnostic clinic.In total, 5310 articles were identified with nine articles subsequently meeting the eligibility criteria. Three models had undergone internal validation, and four had undergone external validation. No clinical impact studies have been completed to date. Area under the curve (AUC) varied from 0.74 to 0.93 and from 0.60 to 0.65 in the novel cohort for clinical models alone with AUC up to 0.89 in combination with electrocardiogram and B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The AUC for BNP was 0.86 (95% confidence interval 83.3–88.6%).ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that there are a number of clinical prediction rules relevant to the diagnosis of chronic heart failure in the literature. Clinical impact studies are required to compare the use of clinical prediction rules and biomarker strategies in this setting.
Platinum group element geochemistry and whole‐rock systematics of the Vempalle sills, Cuddapah Basin, India: Implications on sulphur saturation history, mantle processes, and tectonic setting
Authors: Singh Th. Dhanakumar , Manikyamba C. 
Published: March 2019

The intracratonic Cuddapah Basin of southern peninsular India has multiple phases of magmatism exposed as mafic intrusives and extrusives in the Vempalle and Tadpatri formations. We report platinum group element geochemistry along with whole‐rock systematics of the mafic sills from the Vempalle Formation to understand their sulphur saturation history, source characteristics, and tectonic setting. These sills are medium‐ to fine‐grained dolerites with plagioclase and pyroxenes as essential minerals exhibiting sub‐ophitic to intergranular texture. Geochemically, they are characterized by moderate MgO (6.3–8.5 wt.%), Ni (55–105 ppm), Cr (20–130 ppm), and ∑PGE (22–61 ppb) contents and exhibit transitional to calc‐alkaline in nature. Primitive mantle‐ and chondrite‐normalized trace and rare earth element patterns display relative enrichment of LILE–LREE over HFSE, suggesting plume‐related intraplate magmatism with contributions from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), lithosphere–asthenosphere interaction, crustal contamination, and fractional crystallization. Their REE relationship indicates the generation of parent magma from a heterogeneous source marked by 10–25% polybaric partial melting within spinel and garnet lherzolite domain. Platinum group elements (PGE) geochemistry reveals their sulphur‐undersaturated nature, and sulphide fractionation played a key role in the distribution of PGEs, which is evidenced by their enriched character, moderate degrees of partial melting, and crustal contamination. Further, the negative platinum anomalies in these sills indicate its removal during fractional crystallization, and the enrichment of Pd over Pt endorses the decoupling nature of these elements prior to their emplacement. Diagnostic trace element signatures and their relationship corroborate a riftogenic intraplate tectonic regime for the emplacement of the Vempalle sills through an ocean–continent transition zone.
Activation‐based association profiles differentiate network roles across cognitive loads
Authors: Zuo Nianming , Salami Alireza , Yang Yihong , Yang Zhengyi , Sui Jing , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a complex and pivotal cognitive system underlying the performance of many cognitive behaviors. Although individual differences in WM performance have previously been linked to the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) response across several large‐scale brain networks, the unique and shared contributions of each large‐scale brain network to efficient WM processes across different cognitive loads remain elusive. Using a WM paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the Human Connectome Project, we proposed a framework to assess the association and shared‐association strength between imaging biomarkers and behavioral scales. Association strength is the capability of individual brain regions to modulate WM performance and shared‐association strength measures how different regions share the capability of modulating performance. Under higher cognitive load (2‐back), the frontoparietal executive control network (FPN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and salience network showed significant positive activation and positive associations, whereas the default mode network (DMN) showed the opposite pattern, namely, significant deactivation and negative associations. Comparing the different cognitive loads, the DMN and FPN showed predominant associations and globally shared‐associations. When investigating the differences in association from lower to higher cognitive loads, the DAN demonstrated enhanced association strength and globally shared‐associations, which were significantly greater than those of the other networks. This study characterized how brain regions individually and collaboratively support different cognitive loads.
Pharmacists' perceptions of implementing a pharmacist‐managed area under the concentration time curve‐guided vancomycin dosing program at a large academic medical center
Authors: Claeys Kimberly C. , Hopkins Teri L. , Brown Jessica , Heil Emily L 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionA pharmacist‐managed area‐under the concentration time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC)‐based vancomycin dosing and monitoring strategy was implemented at the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) in January 2017. Because this was a large change in practice and methodology, we sought to understand pharmacists' perceptions of the practice before and after implementation.MethodsA mixed methods preimplementation survey was sent to all pharmacists, including residents, completing vancomycin dosing training at UMMC 1 month prior to transition to an AUC‐guided pharmacist‐to‐dose practice. The postimplementation survey was subsequently sent 8 months after program rollout to the same study participants.ResultsA total of 127 responses completed the survey: 78 in the preimplementation and 49 in the postimplementation arm. Clinical specialist pharmacists represented 53.8% vs 49.0%, clinical pharmacists represented 32.1% vs 36.7%, and residents represented 14.3% vs 14.1%, respectively. Prior to implementation, 42.3% responded that AUC/MIC was the ideal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameter, compared with 93.9% postimplementation (P < 0.0001). Weight‐based dosing was primarily used preimplementation as opposed to postimplementation (46.2% vs 6.1%; P < 0.0001). The average time spent evaluating a vancomycin dose increased from 8 (interquartile range [IQR] 5‐15) minutes to 15 (IQR 10‐17.5) minutes (P < 0.0001). Respondents strongly agreed that pharmacist‐to‐dose AUC/MIC vancomycin for working at the top of their degree (53.1% preimplementation vs 61.5% postimplementation; P = 0.261). Main concerns regarding changes in vancomycin dosing practices included lack of pharmacist competency, which decreased after rollout (48.7% preimplementation vs 24.5% postimplementation; P = 0.081). Before implementation, respondents felt that practice problems and training sessions (69.2%) and computer decision support (57.7%) would be key to a successful rollout. Satisfaction with the rollout increased postimplementation (26.9% vs 49.0%, respectively P = 0.011).ConclusionPharmacists were in support of pharmacist‐to‐dose AUC vancomycin dosing practices, but there were concerns regarding competency. Training sessions with practice problems and integrated clinical decision support improved the rollout process.