bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of acid recovery from acidic mining waste solutions using solvent extraction
Authors: Kesieme Uchenna , Chrysanthou Andreas , Catulli Maurizio , Cheng Chu Yong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe minerals industry is increasingly being forced by regulatory and cost pressures to reduce the amount of liquid acidic waste they produce. This requires a strong focus on waste reduction by recycling, regeneration and reuse. Four mineral acids were examined for recovery from waste acidic solutions including H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, and H3PO4. The selection of the optimal extractant for acid recovery was based on extraction, stripping and scrubbing efficiencies. The extractants suitable for the recovery of H2SO4 and HCl are in the order of TEHA > Cyanex 923 > TBP > Alamine 336. TEHA has the highest degree of acid extraction and stripping compared with Cyanex 923 and almost 99% of the acid can be stripped. Alamine 336 can extract higher acid (for H2SO4 and HCl systems) than Cyanex 923 and TBP. However loaded acid for Alamine 336 system cannot be stripped using water at 60°C. For the recovery of nitric and phosphoric acids from acidic waste effluents, TBP was the best option. This work clearly demonstrates that extractant suitable for acid extraction may not be suitable for its recovery. However such extractant may be applied for the removal of acid from any waste acidic solution sacrificing the back extraction of the loaded acid. The effective implementation of options for acid recovery was examined to improve sustainability in the mineral industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Static power characteristics of selective buried oxide CMOS devices
Authors: Younis Dana , Madathumpadical Narayanan , Al‐Nashash Hasan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective buried oxide (SELBOX) Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistor (MOSFET) structure can be used to reduce the kink effect and self‐heating problems associated with the silicon on insulator (SOI) MOSFET devices while maintaining the advantages of bulk MOSFET. In this paper, static power dissipation of SELBOX structure is investigated and compared with SOI and bulk structures. Various MOSFET structures are simulated and evaluated in terms of their static power dissipation. Only results from 90‐nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology devices are included in this paper. Simulation results using the Silvaco TCAD show that static power dissipation in SELBOX CMOS is similar to that of SOI devices but lower than that of bulk CMOS. Hence, SELBOX structure is found to produce relatively low‐static power dissipation while maintaining high operating speed and reducing self‐heating and kink effect. A mathematical model to describe the static power dissipation in the subthreshold region is also included. Statistical analysis show that the model and fabrication simulation results agree with P < .05 and correlation coefficient of 0.95.
Inflammation and atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Korantzopoulos Panagiotis , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Tse Gary , Fragakis Nikolaos , Goudis Christos A. , Liu Tong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) has different underlying substrates. Atrial remodeling involves electrophysiological and structural abnormalities that promote the development and perpetuation of AF. Experimental and clinical data indicate that inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of atrial remodeling. The mechanistic links between atrial remodeling and inflammation are complex while diverse underlying diseases and conditions may affect these pathways. Inflammatory markers have also been associated with AF development, recurrence, perpetuation, total AF burden as well as with thromboembolic complications. The development of specific anti‐inflammatory interventions in this setting seems to be challenging and complicated. Several agents with pleiotropic properties, including anti‐inflammatory, have been tested in experimental and clinical settings with variable results. This updated review provides a concise overview of all available data regarding the role of inflammation in AF including the predictive role of inflammatory markers. Also, current knowledge and future directions on anti‐inflammatory strategies are critically discussed.
Comparison of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin regarding midterm adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation
Authors: Sagawa Yuichiro , Nagata Yasutoshi , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Iwai Takamasa , Yamaguchi Junji , Hijikata Sadahiro , Watanabe Keita , Masuda Ryo , Miyazaki Ryoichi , Miwa Naoyuki , Sekigawa Masahiro , Hara Nobuhiro , Nozato Toshihiro , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral anticoagulants, including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), are usually required in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who are at a high risk of thromboembolism (TE), even if they had undergone catheter ablation (CA). Although several studies have reported the safety and efficacy of DOACs around CA in AF patients, there are only limited data regarding the midterm incidence of TE and bleeding complications post‐CA among AF patients treated with warfarin or DOACs.MethodsWe studied 629 AF patients (mean age: 65.3 ± 10.3 years; 442 men) undergoing CA, to calculate the midterm incidence of TE and bleeding complications associated with warfarin or DOACs.ResultsIn total, 292 patients used warfarin and 337 used DOACs (dabigatran: 90 patients; rivaroxaban: 137; and apixaban: 110). At baseline, the CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores were similar between the 2 groups. During a median follow‐up period of 7 months, no TE complications occurred. The warfarin group had a significantly higher bleeding event rate than did the DOACs group (all bleeding complications: 32 [11.0%] vs 15 [4.5%], respectively, P = .002). The rate of all bleeding complications was significantly higher in the warfarin group than in the DOACs group (10.1% vs 3.7%, respectively, at 10 months; P = .024). In Cox proportional hazards modeling, DOAC use was significantly associated with a decreased risk of bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.497; 95% confidence interval: 0.261‐0.906, P = .022).ConclusionsDirect oral anticoagulant use in AF patients undergoing CA may be associated with a similar risk of TE as warfarin but is associated with a lower risk of bleeding.
Technical Note: Minimizing geometrical uncertainties of cylindrical well‐type ionization chamber measurements: There is an optimal chamber length
Authors: Keyvanloo Amir , Jans Hans‐S. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe response of well‐type ionization chambers used, for example, in brachytherapy and nuclear medicine, depends on the location of the source. In cases where the source length is variable (typically in nuclear medicine), it is also dependent on length of the source. Here, the combined effect on chamber sensitivity of both source position and length is investigated in detail. This analysis is important if nominal values for source location and length are prescribed as (arbitrary but fixed) values in order to precisely define a chamber's sensitivity. During measurement, the actual values for source location and length can deviate from the nominal ones, altering sensitivity and thus giving rise to measurement uncertainties which, in turn, directly affect the doses administered to patients. Our aim is to investigate these uncertainties and minimize them with an optimized ion chamber design.MethodsAn analytical model for the chamber response is used to describe the variation of chamber sensitivity with respect to the two parameters, source position and length. The influence of the relative magnitude of uncertainty in both parameters is also accounted for. The effect of their combined variation on chamber sensitivity is required to be minimal and, employing differential geometry tools, a relationship is derived between them and the optimal height of the ionization chamber's sensitive volume.ResultsThis relationship provides the chamber height h which minimizes its response variation for given nominal value of source location (quantified as insertion depth d) and prescribed source length l: , where ρ = δd/δl is defined as the quotient of uncertainty in insertion depth, δd, and uncertainty in source length, δl, and , so that the optimal ionization chamber length varies between and . Alternatively, if h is given, suitable combinations of d and l can be deduced.ConclusionsThe analysis presented here provides a tool for reducing the uncertainty budget of any cylindrically designed ionization chambers utilized for measuring extended on‐axis sources. In particular, these results can be applied to a calibration‐type ionization chamber design recently proposed for the cross‐calibration of unsealed radionuclides.
Feasibility of estimating volumetric breast density from mammographic x‐ray spectra using a cadmium telluride photon‐counting detector
Authors: Ghammraoui Bahaa , Badal Andreu , Glick Stephen J. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeMammographic density of glandular breast tissue has a masking effect that can reduce lesion detection accuracy and is also a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Therefore, accurate quantitative estimation of breast density is clinically important. In this study, we investigate experimentally the feasibility of quantifying volumetric breast density with spectral mammography using a CdTe‐based photon‐counting detector.MethodsTo demonstrate proof‐of‐principle, this study was carried out using the single pixel Amptek XR‐100T‐CdTe detector. The total number of x rays recorded by the detector from a single pencil‐beam projection through 50%/50% of adipose/glandular mass fraction‐equivalent phantoms was measured. Material decomposition assuming two, four, and eight energy bins was then applied to characterize the inspected phantom into adipose and glandular using log‐likelihood estimation, taking into account the polychromatic source, the detector response function, and the energy‐dependent attenuation.ResultsMeasurement tests were carried out for different doses, kVp settings, and different breast sizes. For dose of 1 mGy and above, the percent relative root mean square (RMS) errors of the estimated breast density was measured below 7% for all three phantom studies. It was also observed that some decrease in RMS errors was achieved using eight energy bins. For 3 and 4 cm thick phantoms, performance at 40 and 45 kVp showed similar performance. However, it was observed that 45 kVp showed better performance for a phantom thickness of 6 cm at low dose levels due to increased statistical variation at lower photon count levels with 40 kVp.ConclusionThe results of the current study suggest that photon‐counting spectral mammography systems using CdTe detectors have the potential to be used for accurate quantification of volumetric breast density on a pixel‐to‐pixel basis, with an RMS error of less than 7%.
Characterizing the Preferences and Values of U.S. Recreational Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Anglers
Authors: Goldsmith William M. , Scheld Andrew M. , Graves John E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus is the target of a recreational fishery along the U.S. East Coast that is thought to be of considerable economic value. In some years, recreational landings have exceeded the sector's annual subquota due to changes in fish availability, limited predictability of angler effort, and difficulties in real-time monitoring of catch. Understanding the drivers of angler behavior is critical for predicting how effort and harvest may vary as a function of changing fish availability, regulations, or costs. To investigate angler decision making, preferences, and values, we surveyed private recreational anglers from Maine to North Carolina and employed discrete choice experiments to determine how regulatory and nonregulatory trip-specific variables influence trip-taking behavior. A latent class-ranked logit model identified two distinct classes of anglers who exhibited differing preferences in regard to the importance of nonconsumptive aspects of Bluefin Tuna fishing (e.g., catch and release). Income and recent Bluefin Tuna targeting were the primary determinants of class membership, and higher-income anglers who had targeted Bluefin Tuna in the past 5 years were significantly more likely to be in the class that derives substantive benefits from nonconsumptive angling activities. An annual consumer surplus exceeding US$14 million was estimated for the 2015 fishery. We considered potential angler welfare impacts of possible management changes (compensating surplus) and identified a large amount of latent effort currently present in the fishery in the form of consumptive-oriented anglers. As a result, liberalization of harvest regulations could potentially lead to a large influx of effort into the fishery, which could impede the ability of managers to maintain harvest levels within prescribed limits.
A narrative literature review of palliative care regarding patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Igai Yasuko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the reported characteristics of extant studies on palliative care for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.DesignNarrative review.MethodsA comprehensive search of the following electronic databases in English and Japanese commenced from 2002 ‐ December 2017. Eligibility criteria was determined by the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsNineteen articles were eligible. The characteristics of palliative care for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were symptoms relief, start time of palliative care and palliative care needs of patients and care partners. Also, patients' education of disease management including advanced care planning and developing a palliative care system by the healthcare provider including multidisciplinary professional teams was identified. The care provided was a “care conference” and integrated palliative care was carried out in the patient's home. The majority of the studies were qualitative and retrospective in design. The palliative care system and the development of palliative care were limited.
Agreement between asthma questionnaire and health care register data
Authors: Hedman Anna M. , Gong Tong , Lundholm Cecilia , Dahlén Elin , Ullemar Vilhelmina , Brew Bronwyn K. , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeRisk factors and consequences of asthma can be studied by using validated questionnaires. The overall objective of this study was to assess the agreement of parental‐reported asthma‐related questions regarding their children against Swedish health care registers.MethodsWe linked a population‐based twin cohort of 27 055 children aged 9 to 12 years to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, National Patient Register, and the primary care register. Parent‐reported asthma was obtained from questionnaires, and diagnoses and medication were retrieved from the registers. For the agreement between the questionnaire and the registers, Cohen's kappa was estimated.ResultsThe kappa of the “reported ever asthma” against a “register‐based ever asthma” was 0.69 and 0.57 between the parental‐“reported doctor's diagnosis” and “register‐based doctor's diagnosis.” The highest agreement between “reported current asthma” and “register‐based current asthma” with at least 1 dispensed medication or a diagnosis applied to different time windows was seen for an 18‐month window (kappa = 0.70).ConclusionsWe found that parent‐reported asthma‐related questions showed on average good agreement with the Swedish health care registers. This implies that in‐depth questionnaires with rich information on phenotypes are suitable proxies for asthma in general and can be used for health care research purposes.
Management of Patients with Acute Methotrexate Nephrotoxicity with High‐Dose Leucovorin
Authors: Flombaum Carlos D. , Liu Dazhi , Yan Shirley Qiong , Chan Amelia , Mathew Sherry , Meyers Paul A. , Glezerman Ilya G. , Muthukumar Thangamani 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAcute kidney injury complicating high‐dose methotrexate (HDMTX) therapy increases the risk for severe mucositis, myelosuppression, and death. It is unclear whether high‐dose leucovorin and supportive therapy without the use of glucarpidase can reduce toxicity from HDMTX.Study DesignThe charts of all patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center whose methotrexate (MTX) drug levels at 48 or 72 hours after administration were 10 times or more the toxic level were reviewed between January 2000 and December 2011.ResultsEighty‐eight patients (median age 51 years, range 9–90 years) who received 100 courses of HDMTX were identified. Serum creatinine increased by 2‐fold from baseline (median, range 1‐ to 10‐fold), but all patients recovered kidney function. Serum levels of MTX were 69 μmol/L (median, range 2.2–400), 6.9 μmol/L (1.3–64), and 2.0 μmol/L (0.05–26) at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, after administration. A statistically significant correlation existed between MTX levels at 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after administration but not between 24 and 72 hours or subsequent time points. High‐dose leucovorin was given in 81% of courses in accordance with institutional protocols in most cases. Myelosuppression was present in 42%; grade III or higher neutropenia in 29%, and thrombocytopenia in 25%. Infectious complications, oral mucositis, and diarrhea occurred in 21%, 17%, and 6% of patients, respectively. Five deaths occurred, none directly attributed to complications from MTX administration. Seven additional patients received glucarpidase at the discretion of a treating physician during the study period, and results are reported separately.ConclusionPatients who had 100 episodes of HDMTX‐associated acute kidney injury were treated with a strategy that only included usual supportive measures and high‐dose leucovorin. No deaths were directly attributed to complications related to HDMTX. Glucarpidase, an expensive drug, may not be necessary for a significant number of patients.
Subskill mastery among elementary and middle school students at risk in mathematics
Authors: Nelson Peter M. , Parker David C. , Van Norman Ethan R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the present study, we evaluated the number of attempts required to master specific subskills for working with whole and rational numbers among students at risk for math difficulties. Participants included a subset of students in grades four through eight receiving supplemental math support. Mastery—defined as 85% correct on short tests—was assessed following instruction for each subskill. Using survival analysis, we evaluated the number of attempts required to reach a .50 and a .90 probability of mastery on each subskill. The number of required attempts varied across subskills, with many subskills requiring more than one attempt to demonstrate mastery. Further, some of the most difficult content was aligned with curricular standards below students’ grade level. Thus, among students identified for supplemental support, it may be worthwhile to remediate select subskills that fall outside of the grade‐level curriculum before providing additional instruction on grade‐level content. Implications for math subskill assessment and remediation are discussed along with limitations and directions for future research.
UV‐Resistant and Thermally Stable Superhydrophobic CeO2 Nanotubes with High Water Adhesion
Authors: Li Xue‐Ping , Sun Ya‐Li , Xu Yao‐Yi , Chao Zi‐Sheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel type of sticky superhydrophobic cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanotube material is prepared by hydrothermal treatment without any chemical modification. A water droplet on the material surface shows a static water contact angle of about 157° but the water droplet is pinned on the material surface even when the material surface is turned upside down. Interestingly, the as‐prepared CeO2 nanotube material displays durable superhydrophobicity and enhanced adhesion to water under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Importantly, this change in water adhesion can be reversed by heat treatment to restore the original adhesive value of 20 µL. Further, the maximum volume of the water droplet adhered on the material surface of CeO2 nanotubes can be regulated without loss of superhydrophobicity during the heating treatment/UV‐irradiation cycling. Meanwhile, the superhydrophobic CeO2 nanotube material shows remarkable thermal stability even at temperatures as high as 450 °C, long‐term durability in chemical environment, and air‐storage and good resistance to oily contaminant. Finally, the potential application in no‐loss water transportation of this sticky superhydrophobic CeO2 material is demonstrated.
Computational anatomy and diffeomorphometry: A dynamical systems model of neuroanatomy in the soft condensed matter continuum
Authors: Miller Michael I. , Arguillère Sylvain , Tward Daniel J. , Younes Laurent 
Published: June 2018

The nonlinear systems models of computational anatomy that have emerged over the past several decades are a synthesis of three significant areas of computational science and biological modeling. First is the algebraic model of biological shape as a Riemannian orbit, a set of objects under diffeomorphic action. Second is the embedding of anatomical shapes into the soft condensed matter physics continuum via the extension of the Euler equations to geodesic, smooth flows with inverses, encoding divergence for the compressibility of atrophy and expansion of growth. Third, is making human shape and form a metrizable space via geodesic connections of coordinate systems. These three themes place our formalism into the modern data science world of personalized medicine supporting inference of high‐dimensional anatomical phenotypes for studying neurodegeneration and neurodevelopment. The dynamical systems model of growth and atrophy that emerges is one which is organized in terms of forces, accelerations, velocities, and displacements, with the associated Hamiltonian momentum and the diffeomorphic flow acting as the state, and the smooth vector field the control. The forces that enter the model derive from external measurements through which the dynamical system must flow, and the internal potential energies of structures making up the soft condensed matter. We examine numerous examples on growth and atrophy.This article is categorized under:Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational MethodsLaboratory Methods and Technologies > ImagingModels of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models