bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distance–performance trade‐off in the phenotypic basis of dispersal
Authors: Addis Brett R. , Tobalske Bret W. , Davenport Jon M. , Lowe Winsor H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAcross taxa, individuals vary in how far they disperse, with most individuals staying close to their origin and fewer dispersing long distances. Costs associated with dispersal (e.g., energy, risk) are widely believed to trade off with benefits (e.g., reduced competition, increased reproductive success) to influence dispersal propensity. However, this framework has not been applied to understand variation in dispersal distance, which is instead generally attributed to extrinsic environmental factors. We alternatively hypothesized that variation in dispersal distances results from trade‐offs associated with other aspects of locomotor performance. We tested this hypothesis in the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus and found that salamanders that dispersed farther in the field had longer forelimbs but swam at slower velocities under experimental conditions. The reduced swimming performance of long‐distance dispersers likely results from drag imposed by longer forelimbs. Longer forelimbs may facilitate moving longer distances, but the proximate costs associated with reduced swimming performance may help to explain the rarity of long‐distance dispersal. The historical focus on environmental drivers of dispersal distances misses the importance of individual traits and associated trade‐offs among traits affecting locomotion.
Non‐covalent Immobilization of Iron‐triazole (Fe(Htrz)3) Molecular Mediator in Mesoporous Silica Films for the Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ahoulou Samuel , Vilà Neus , Pillet Sébastien , Schaniel Dominik , Walcarius Alain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMesoporous silica thin films encapsulating a molecular iron‐triazole complex, Fe(Htrz)3 (Htrz=1,2,4,‐1H‐triazole), have been generated by electrochemically assisted self‐assembly (EASA) on indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The obtained modified electrodes are characterized by well‐defined voltammetric signals corresponding to the FeII/III centers of the Fe(Htrz)3 species immobilized into the films, indicating fast electron transfer processes and stable operational stability. This is due to the presence of a high density of redox probes in the material (1.6×10−4 mol g−1 Fe(Htrz)3 in the mesoporous silica film) enabling efficient charge transport by electron hopping. The mesoporous films are uniformly deposited over the whole electrode surface and they are characterized by a thickness of 110 nm and a wormlike mesostructure directed by the template role played by Fe(Htrz)3 species in the EASA process. These species are durably immobilized in the material (they are not removed by solvent extraction). The composite mesoporous material (denoted Fe(Htrz)3@SiO2) is then used for the electrocatalytic detection of hydrogen peroxide, which can be performed by amperometry at an applied potential of −0.4 V versus Ag/AgCl and by flow injection analysis. The organic‐inorganic hybrid film electrode displays good sensitivity for H2O2 sensing over a dynamic range from 5 to 300 μM, with a detection limit estimated at 2 μM.
Reactive microglia and astrocytes in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage model are blocked by mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Seojeong , Kim Young Eun , Hong Sujeong , Kim Kyung‐Tai , Sung Dong Kyung , Lee Yunjeong , Park Won Soon , Chang Yun Sil , Song Mi‐Ryoung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSevere intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants triggers reactive gliosis, causing acute neuronal death and glial scar formation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has often showed improved CNS recovery in an IVH model, but whether this response is related to reactive glial cells is still unclear. Herein, we suggest that MSCs impede the response of reactive microglia rather than astrocytes, thereby blocking neuronal damage. Astrocytes alone showed mild reactiveness under hemorrhagic conditions mimicked by thrombin treatment, and this was not blocked by MSC‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) in vitro. In contrast, thrombin‐induced microglial activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines were inhibited by MSC‐CM. Interestingly, astrocytes showed greater reactive response when co‐cultured with microglia, and this was abolished in the presence of MSC‐CM. Gene expression profiles in microglia revealed that transcript levels of genes for immune response and proinflammatory cytokines were altered by thrombin treatment. This result coincided with the robust phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, which might be responsible for the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, application of MSC‐CM diminished thrombin‐mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, supporting the acute anti‐inflammatory role of MSCs under hemorrhagic conditions. In line with this, activation of microglia and consequent cytokine release were impaired in Stat1‐null mice. However, reactive response in Stat1‐deficient astrocytes was maintained. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MSCs mainly block the activation of microglia involving STAT1‐mediated cytokine release and subsequent reduction of reactive astrocytes.
Development and evaluation of the HaptiWatch with a smart notification system
Authors: Sim Jaemoon , Yim Yonghwan , Kim Kyungdoh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we developed a new type of smartwatch, the HaptiWatch, which has notification functions that are not present in analog watches that lack a high‐resolution display. The HaptiWatch also has a priority‐filtering function that distinguishes notifications by their importance. Notification information is encoded as light and haptic pulses which allow users to recognize the type and importance of the notification without having to see the watch. To evaluate the user experience (UX) of the HaptiWatch's new notification system, a comparative study was conducted together with the notification system of the Samsung Galaxy Gear S3 Frontier, a well‐known smartwatch. The UX evaluation results indicate that the notification system of the HaptiWatch provides an experience that is comparable to that of the Gear S3.
Estradiol and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone as Predictors of Onset of Menopause Transition-Related Bone Loss in Pre- and Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Shieh Albert , Greendale Gail A , Cauley Jane A , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie , Crandall Carolyn J , Karlamangla Arun S 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The menopause transition (MT) may be an opportunity for early intervention to prevent rapid bone loss. To intervene early, we need to be able to prospectively identify pre- and perimenopausal women who are beginning to lose bone. This study examined whether estradiol (E2), or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), measured in pre- and perimenopausal women, can predict significant bone loss by the next year. Bone loss was considered significant if bone mineral density (BMD) decline at the lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN) from a pre- or early perimenopausal baseline to 1 year after the E2 or FSH measurement was greater than the least detectable change. We used data from 1559 participants in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation and tested E2 and FSH as separate predictors using repeated measures modified Poisson regression. Adjusted for MT stage, age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, women with lower E2 (and higher FSH) were more likely to lose BMD: At the LS, each halving of E2 and each doubling of FSH were associated with 10% and 39% greater risk of significant bone loss, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001 for each). At the FN, each halving of E2 and each doubling of FSH were associated with 12% (p = 0.01) and 27% (p &lt; 0.001) greater risk of significant bone loss. FSH was more informative than E2 (assessed by the area under the receiver-operator curve) at identifying women who were more versus less likely to begin losing bone, especially at the LS. Prediction was better when hormones were measured in pre- or early perimenopause than in late perimenopause. Tracking within-individual change in either hormone did not predict onset of bone loss better than a single measure. We conclude that measuring FSH in the MT can help prospectively identify women with imminent or ongoing bone loss at the LS. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sclerostin Antibody–Induced Changes in Bone Mass Are Site Specific in Developing Crania
Authors: Scheiber Amanda L , Barton David K , Khoury Basma M , Marini Joan C , Swiderski Donald L , Caird Michelle S , Kozloff Kenneth M 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) is an anabolic bone agent that has been shown to increase bone mass in clinical trials of adult diseases of low bone mass, such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Its use to decrease bone fragility in pediatric OI has shown efficacy in several growing mouse models, suggesting translational potential to pediatric disorders of low bone mass. However, the effects of pharmacologic inhibition of sclerostin during periods of rapid growth and development have not yet been described with respect to the cranium, where lifelong deficiency of functioning sclerostin leads to patterns of excessive bone growth, cranial compression, and facial palsy. In the present study, we undertook dimensional and volumetric measurements in the skulls of growing Brtl/+ OI mice treated with Scl-Ab to examine whether therapy-induced phenotypic changes were similar to those observed clinically in patients with sclerosteosis or Van Buchem disorder. Mice treated between 3 and 14 weeks of age with high doses of Scl-Ab show significant calvarial thickening capable of rescuing OI-induced deficiencies in skull thickness. Other changes in cranial morphology, such as lengths and distances between anatomic landmarks, intracranial volume, and suture interdigitation, showed minimal effects of Scl-Ab when compared with growth-induced differences over the treatment duration. Treatment-induced narrowing of foramina was limited to sites of vascular but not neural passage, suggesting patterns of local regulation. Together, these findings reveal a site specificity of Scl-Ab action in the calvaria with no measurable cranial nerve impingement or brainstem compression. This differentiation from the observed outcomes of lifelong sclerostin deficiency complements reports of Scl-Ab treatment efficacy at other skeletal sites with the prospect of minimal cranial secondary complications. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
South African adult caregivers as “protective shields”: Serving as a buffer between stressful neighborhood conditions and youth risk behaviors
Authors: Small Latoya A. , Parchment Tyrone M. , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Osuji Hadiza L. , Chomanczuk Aminda Heckman , Bhana Arvin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLow‐income youths in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, face elevated risks to their well‐being from exposure to neighborhood conditions correlated with engaging in risky behaviors. These risks can be mitigated through adult caregivers who serve as protective shields, buffering adverse conditions. However, this protective role is dependent on the caregivers’ mental health and well‐being. This secondary analysis uses baseline data from 475 child‐caregiver dyads in an HIV‐prevention program to examine the mediating effects of caregiver mental health on the relationship between neighborhood conditions and child risk‐behaviors. Multivariate analyses identify the direct and indirect effects of neighborhood stressors and caregiver mental health on child risk‐behavior. Findings suggest that caregivers mitigate the impact of neighborhood conditions on their children, but caregivers’ mental health is directly affected by neighborhood conditions. Therefore, caregivers’ mental health and well‐being must be considered key elements in developing youth risk‐behavior interventions.
The Effects of Dynamic Noncovalent Interaction between Surfactants and Additional Salt on the pH‐Switchable Interfacial Tension Variations
Authors: Zou Jian , Liu Yigang , Wang Qiuxia , Liu Hao , Jia Han , Lian Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dynamic noncovalent interaction between the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and 1,3‐diphenylguanidine (DPG) was employed to control the interfacial activity of the surfactant. At high HCl concentration (1000 mg L−1), the SDBS/DPGn+ system could reduce the water/oil interfacial tension (IFT) to 10−4 mN m−1 order of magnitude, which was much lower than the IFT values in the SDBS/DPG+ system with a low HCl concentration (100 mg L−1) and the individual SDBS system by three and four orders of magnitude, respectively. The pH‐switchable protonation of amido groups in DPG molecules determines the SDBS/DPG molecular interaction and the amplitude of IFT reduction, which was confirmed by control experiments using two other surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide [DTAB]). Moreover, the investigation of the NaCl and temperature effects on the IFT indicated the intensity of mixed SDBS/DPGn+ adsorption layers at the water/oil interface.
Cranial nerve outcomes in regionally recurrent head & neck melanoma after sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Hanks John E. , Yalamanchi Pratyusha , Kovatch Kevin J. , Ali S. Ahmed , Smith Joshua D. , Durham Alison B. , Bradford Carol R. , Malloy Kelly M. , McLean Scott A. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveCharacterize long‐term cranial nerve (CN) outcomes following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) based management for head and neck cutaneous melanoma (HNCM).MethodsLongitudinal review of HNCM patients undergoing SLNB from 1997–2007.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐six patients were identified, with mean age 53.5 ± 19.0 years, mean Breslow depth 2.52 ± 1.87 mm, and 4.9 years median follow‐up. One hundred five (29.4%) patients had SLNB mapping to the parotid basin. Eighteen patients had positive parotid SLNs and underwent immediate parotidectomy / immediate completion lymph node dissection (iCLND), with six possessing positive parotid non‐sentinel lymph nodes (NSLNs). Fifty‐two of 356 (14.6%) patients developed delayed regional recurrences, including 20 total intraparotid recurrences: five following false negative (FN) parotid SLNB, three following prior immediate superficial parotidectomy, two following iCLND without parotidectomy, and the remaining 12 parotid recurrences had negative extraparotid SLNBs. Parotid recurrences were multiple (4.9 mean recurrent nodes) and advanced (n = 4 extracapsular extension), and all required salvage dissection including parotidectomy. Immediate parotidectomy/iCLND led to no permanent CN injuries. Delayed regional HNCM macrometastasis precipitated 16 total permanent CN injuries in 13 patients: 10 CN VII, five CN XI, and one CN XII deficits. Fifty percent (n = 10) of parotid recurrences caused ≥1 permanent CN deficits.ConclusionsRegional HNCM macrometastases and salvage dissection confer marked CN injury risk, whereas early surgical intervention via SLNB ± iCLND ± immediate parotidectomy yielded no CN injuries. Further, superficial parotidectomy performed in parotid‐mapping HNCM does not obviate delayed intraparotid recurrences, which increase risk of CN VII injury. Despite lack of a published disease‐specific survival advantage in melanoma, early disease control in cervical and parotid basins is paramount to minimize CN complications.Level of Evidence4 (retrospective case series)Laryngoscope, 130:1707–1714, 2020
Risk of ocular complications following radiation therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Kuen‐Tze , Lee Shih‐Yu , Liu Shao‐Cheng , Tsao Chih‐Cheng , Hsu Sheng‐Der , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Chang Wei‐Kuo , Chen Yuan‐Wu , Lin Chun‐Shu 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the risk of ocular complications following radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsWe adopted 1:1 propensity score matching and identified an NPC cohort (n = 736) and a comparison cohort (n = 736) that comprised non‐NPC head and neck cancer patients who received radiotherapy in the National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2010. The follow‐up period was terminated upon developing ocular complications (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD‐9‐CM]360‐379) or on December 31, 2010.ResultsAfter adjusting for the confounding factors of the study, the NPC cohort had a higher adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for developing ocular complications than the comparison cohort (adjusted HR = 2.786, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.805–4.112, P < 0.001). The NPC cohort was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing ocular complications compared with the comparison cohort within 12 and after 24 months of follow‐up (P < 0.05). The most common associated ocular complications were optic nerve disorder and retinopathy.ConclusionsPatients with NPC might be at higher risk of developing ocular complications after radiotherapy than non‐NPC head and neck cancer patients in Taiwan. Either further investigation or routine assessments by ophthalmological physician is recommended.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:1270–1277, 2020
Design and validation of a new instrument to assess fear of falling in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Terroba‐Chambi Cinthia , Bruno Veronica , Millar‐Vernetti Patricio , Bruce David , Brockman Simone , Merello Marcelo , Starkstein Sergio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundFear of falling may be significantly associated with falls in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may have a negative impact on quality of life. Nevertheless, there are no valid and reliable tools to examine this condition in PD. The objective of this study was to design and determine the psychometric attributes of an instrument to assess fear of falling in PD.MethodsA prospective 1‐year, 2‐phase study was conducted to validate the Fear of Falling Scale, a self‐assessed instrument for assessing fear of falling in PD. During phase 1, we designed a scale to measure the severity of fear of falling and determine its baseline psychometric characteristics, whereas phase 2 was a 1‐year follow‐up study to assess the frequency of falls and other clinical factors linked to fear of falling. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed against the Fear of Falling Measure and the Starkstein Apathy Scale, respectively.ResultsThe Fear of Falling Scale showed high internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and strong convergent and discriminant validity. There was a significant association between fear of falling score and the presence of both generalized anxiety disorder and major depression, poor balance‐related motor ability, increased nonmotor symptoms of PD, more severe impairments in activities of daily living, and increased motor fluctuations. Finally, generalized anxiety disorder was a significant predictor of number of falls during a 12‐month follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe Fear of Falling Scale is a valid and reliable instrument to assess fear of falling in PD. Fear of falling in PD is associated with specific psychiatric and motor disorders and is significantly related to the performance of balance‐related motor functions. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna employing parasitic loops and defective ground plane
Authors: Feng Guirong , Chen Lei , Shi Xiaowei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA simple printed monopole antenna using parasitic loops and defective ground plane is presented for broadband circular polarized (CP) radiation. For this purpose, two square open loops, which install air gaps at the corner and close to the monopole, are printed on both sides for achieving broadband CP radiation with three minimum axial ratio (AR) points. By using a defective ground plane with a vertical slot and a horizontal slot, additional AR points can be excited to further broaden the AR bandwidth. This design was fabricated, and the measured results show that the antenna with a simple structure achieves both wide impedance bandwidth of 87.2% (2.62‐6.67 GHz) and AR bandwidth of 83.9% (2.6‐6.36 GHz).
A pilot study of the responsiveness of wireless motion analysis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Statland Jeffrey M. , Karanevich Alex , Bruetsch Adam , Huisinga Jessie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe determined whether instrumenting timed functional tasks with wireless inertial motion sensors were responsive to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) progression and movement pattern changes.MethodsTen individuals who were clinically affected with genetically confirmed FSHD, mean age 54 years (range 42–65), performed an instrumented timed up and go (iTUG) trial at each visit, wearing six wireless inertial sensors. We determined the estimated average monthly slope of progression and 12‐month change for temporal and spatial motion variables using a linear mixed effects model.ResultsFor an average of 20.6 months (range 6.1–34.5), the iTUG duration stayed constant, whereas stride length, stride velocity, and trunk sagittal range of motion changed, indicating poorer performance. Arm swing changed in a compensatory direction toward the normative mean.DiscussionThis study provides preliminary evidence that iTUG motion variables could be sensitive to progression in FSHD, but this requires validation in a larger study.
Are patient education and self‐care advantageous for patients with head and neck cancer? A feasibility study
Authors: Söderlund Schaller Anne , Dragioti Elena , Liedberg Gunilla M. , Larsson Britt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThis study evaluates whether patient education and individually self‐care reduces pain and improves QoL, mood and sleep during and after radiotherapy treatment for patients with head and neck cancer.DesignA longitudinal, two‐armed feasibility study design was performed.MethodsSixty‐four participants with curative intent were included in the study. All participants answered questions about pain three times a week and completed a survey questionnaire about pain, QoL, psychological aspects and barriers towards pain management at baseline, at 4 weeks and at 10 weeks. Thirty‐four of the participants attended in two education sessions on pain based on their beliefs about pain and received individualized self‐care instructions based on their weekly rating of pain.ResultThis study did not find any significant group differences for the pain, QoL, mood and sleep.