bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of, and diffusion in, olivine in ultra-fast ascending basalt magmas from Shiveluch volcano
Authors: Gordeychik Boris , Churikova Tatiana , Kronz Andreas , Sundermeyer Caren , Simakin Alexander , Wörner Gerhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractComplex core-rim zoning of Mg-Fe-Ni-Ca-Cr-Al-P in high-Mg olivine crystals from a tuff ring of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka, enables reconstruction of the entire olivine crystallization history from mantle conditions to eruption. Bell-shaped Fo86–92 and Ni profiles in crystal cores were formed by diffusion after mixing with evolved magma. Diffusion proceeded to the centres of crystals and completely equilibrated Fo and Ni in some crystals. Diffusion times extracted from Fo and Ni core profiles range from 100 to 2000 days. During subsequent mixing with mafic mantle-equilibrated melt, the cores were partially dissolved and overgrown by Fo90 olivine. Times extracted from Fo and Ni diffusion profiles across the resorption interface between the core and its overgrowth range within 1–10 days, which corresponds to the time of magma ascent to the surface. The overgrowth shows identical smooth Fo-Ni decreasing zoning patterns for all crystals towards the margin, indicating that all crystals shared the same growth history after last mixing event prior to eruption. At the same time, Ca, and to an even greater extent Cr, Al, and P have oscillatory growth patterns in the crystals overgrowth. Our data show that magma ascent can be extremely short during maar/tuff ring eruption.
Finite-time scaling in local bifurcations
Authors: Corral Álvaro , Sardanyés Josep , Alsedà Lluís 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFinite-size scaling is a key tool in statistical physics, used to infer critical behavior in finite systems. Here we have made use of the analogous concept of finite-time scaling to describe the bifurcation diagram at finite times in discrete (deterministic) dynamical systems. We analytically derive finite-time scaling laws for two ubiquitous transitions given by the transcritical and the saddle-node bifurcation, obtaining exact expressions for the critical exponents and scaling functions. One of the scaling laws, corresponding to the distance of the dynamical variable to the attractor, turns out to be universal, in the sense that it holds for both bifurcations, yielding the same exponents and scaling function. Remarkably, the resulting scaling behavior in the transcritical bifurcation is precisely the same as the one in the (stochastic) Galton-Watson process. Our work establishes a new connection between thermodynamic phase transitions and bifurcations in low-dimensional dynamical systems, and opens new avenues to identify the nature of dynamical shifts in systems for which only short time series are available.
Identification of saturated and unsaturated 1-methoxyalkanes from the Thai millipede Orthomorpha communis as potential “Raincoat Compounds”
Authors: Nuylert Aem , Kuwahara Yasumasa , Hongpattarakere Tipparat , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMixtures of saturated and unsaturated 1-methoxyalkanes (alkyl methyl ethers, representing more than 45.4% of the millipede hexane extracts) were newly identified from the Thai polydesmid millipede, Orthomorpha communis, in addition to well-known polydesmid defense allomones (benzaldehyde, benzoyl cyanide, benzoic acid, mandelonitrile, and mandelonitrile benzoate) and phenolics (phenol, o- and p-cresol, 2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol and 3-methoxy-4-methylphenol). The major compound was 1-methoxy-n-hexadecane (32.9%), and the mixture might function as “raincoat compounds” for the species to keep off water penetration and also to prevent desiccation.
High doses of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein efficiently induce gene knockout with low mosaicism in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica through microhomology-mediated deletion
Authors: Momose Tsuyoshi , De Cian Anne , Shiba Kogiku , Inaba Kazuo , Giovannangeli Carine , Concordet Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTargeted mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been shown to be a powerful approach to examine gene function in diverse metazoan species. One common drawback is that mixed genotypes, and thus variable phenotypes, arise in the F0 generation because incorrect DNA repair produces different mutations amongst cells of the developing embryo. We report here an effective method for gene knockout (KO) in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica, by injection into the egg of Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). Expected phenotypes were observed in the F0 generation when targeting endogenous GFP genes, which abolished fluorescence in embryos, or CheRfx123 (that codes for a conserved master transcriptional regulator for ciliogenesis) which caused sperm motility defects. When high concentrations of Cas9 RNP were used, the mutations in target genes at F0 polyp or jellyfish stages were not random but consisted predominantly of one or two specific deletions between pairs of short microhomologies flanking the cleavage site. Such microhomology-mediated (MM) deletion is most likely caused by microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), which may be favoured in early stage embryos. This finding makes it very easy to isolate uniform, largely non-mosaic mutants with predictable genotypes in the F0 generation in Clytia, allowing rapid and reliable phenotype assessment.
Crossed patterned structured illumination for the analysis and velocimetry of transient turbid media
Authors: Kristensson Elias , Berrocal Edouard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImaging through turbid environments is experimentally challenging due to multiple light scattering. Structured laser illumination has proven to be effective to minimize errors arising from this phenomenon, allowing the interior of optically dense media to be observed. However, in order to preserve the image spatial resolution while suppressing the intensity contribution from multiple light scattering, the method relies on multiple acquisitions and thus sequential illumination. These requirements significantly limit the usefulness of structured illumination when imaging highly transient events. Here we present a method for achieving snapshot visualizations using structured illumination, where the spatial frequency domain is increased by a factor of two compared to past structured illumination snapshots. Our approach uses two crossed intensity-modulated patterns, allowing us to expand the spatial frequency response of the extracted data. The snapshot capability of this imaging approach allows tracking single particles and opens up for the extraction of velocity vectors by combining it with standard particle tracking/image velocimetry (PTV or PIV) equipment. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of this new method and, for the first time, use structured illumination to extract velocity vectors in 2D in a transient turbid medium, in this case an optically dense atomizing spray.
Increased Serum Uric Acid over five years is a Risk Factor for Developing Fatty Liver
Authors: Jensen Thomas , Niwa Koichiro , Hisatome Ichiro , Kanbay Mehmet , Andres-Hernando Ana , Roncal-Jimenez Carlos A. , Sato Yuka , Garcia Gabriela , Ohno Minoru , Lanaspa Miguel A. , Johnson Richard J. , Kuwabara Masanari 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) is increasing. To clarify risk factors for developing FLD, we analyzed a database from healthy Japanese adults who had annual medical check-ups in 2004 and reexamined in 2009. We used the fatty liver index (FLI) to classify participants as FLD (FLI ≥60), borderline FLD (30≤ FLI <60), and normal liver (FLI <30). Subjects with hepatitis B or C virus infection and subjects with FLD at the baseline were excluded. The cumulative incidence of FLD from normal liver and from borderline FLD over five years were 0.65% (52/8,025) and 12.9% (244/1,888), respectively. After multiple adjustments, higher serum uric acid (SUA) (OR:1.92; 95% CI:1.40–2.63) and increased SUA change (OR:3.734; 95% CI:2.57–5.42) became risk factors for developing FLD from normal liver, as well as younger age and higher body mass index. The risk factors for developing FLD from borderline FLD were similar. Not only higher baseline SUA but also increased SUA change became independent risks for developing FLD.
Beyond ritual bronzes: identifying multiple sources of highly radiogenic lead across Chinese history
Authors: Liu Ruiliang , Rawson Jessica , Pollard A. Mark 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the greatest enigmas in the study of Bronze Age China is the source of highly radiogenic lead discovered in the copper-based objects of the Shang period (ca. 1500–1046 BC). Although being relatively rare in nature, such lead contributed over half of the lead consumed across a vast area from the Yellow River to the Yangtze. Identifying its source and supply network would significantly contribute to our understanding of how China achieved the largest metal production across Eurasia. The past thirty years of research have seen various proposals for the origin of this lead, including south-western China, the middle Yangtze River valley, the Qinling and Zhongtiao mountains, and even Africa. This paper attempts to illustrate the tempero-spatial pattern of this highly radiogenic lead using the largest possible databank. Furthermore, by going beyond the bronze data and investigating lead isotopes in non-metal objects, we confirm that multiple sources of highly radiogenic lead must have been used across Chinese history. In turn, this implies the feasibility of a multi-source model for the lead in the Shang bronzes.
Rho kinase activation in circulating leukocytes is related to hypertensive myocardial remodeling
Authors: Ocaranza Maria P. , Fierro Camila , Jalil Jorge E. , Moya Jackeline , Gonzalez Leticia , Molina Cristián , Mancilla Cristián 
Published: July 2018

Rho-kinase has relevant functions in blood pressure modulation and cardiovascular remodeling. Rho-kinase activity is determined in circulating leukocytes measuring phosphorylation of its target myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), but its relationship with Rho-kinase activity in the myocardium and in vasculature in hypertension has not been evaluated.
The aim was to determine the degree of association between Rho-kinase cascade activation in circulating leukocytes with cardiac and aortic Rho-kinase pathway activation in a model of hypertension and to analyze it with a cause–effect perspective.
Hypertensive deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt rats received the Rho-kinase antagonist fasudil (DOCA-Fas, 100 mg/kg/day, 3 weeks). Results were compared with an untreated DOCA-salt and a sham group.
Rho-kinase inhibition reduced significantly blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial collagen and macrophage infiltration, but not aortic wall hypertrophy. Fasudil decreased significantly Rho-kinase activity in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMC), myocardium and aortic wall to similar levels as in the sham group. A significant correlation was found between PBMC Rho-kinase activity and cardiac remodeling, specifically with hypertrophy (r = 0.51, P≤0.01), myocardial collagen (r = 0.40, P≤0.05) and ED1 immunostaining (r = 0.48, P≤0.01). In the untreated hypertensive group, increased levels (P&lt;0.05) of the proinflammatory molecules p65 NF-κB, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin-6 antibody in the myocardium, aortic wall and PBMC were observed and were reduced with fasudil (P&lt;0.05).
In conclusion, in this hypertension model, Rho-kinase and its pathway activation determined in circulating leukocytes reflect the activation of this pathway in the myocardium and in the aortic wall and are significantly related to myocardial remodeling (hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation).
Dissociation of methyl formate (HCOOCH3) molecules upon low-energy electron attachment
Authors: Feketeová L. , Pelc A. , Ribar A. , Huber S. E. , Denifl S. 
Published: July 2018

Context. The methyl formate molecule (HCOOCH3) is considered to be a key molecule in astrochemistry. The abundance of this molecule in space depends on the stability upon irradiation with particles like low-energy electrons.
Aims. We have investigated the decomposition of the molecule upon electron capture in the electron energy range from about 0 eV up to 15 eV. All experimentally obtained fragmentation channels of the molecular anion were investigated by quantum chemical calculations.
Methods. A high resolution electron monochromator coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for the present laboratory experiment. Quantum chemical calculations of the electron affinities of the generated fragments, the thermodynamic thresholds and the activation barriers for the associated reaction channels were carried out to complement the experimental studies.
Results. Electron attachment is shown to be a purely dissociative process for this molecule and proceeds within two electron energy regions of about 1 eV to 4 eV and from 5 eV to 14 eV. In our experiment five anionic fragments with m/z (and possible stoichiometric structure) 59 (C2H3O2−), 58 (C2H2O2−), 45 (CHO2−) 31 (CH3O−), and 29 (CHO−) were detected. The most abundant anion fragments that are formed through dissociative electron attachment to methyl formate are the complementary anions CH3O− and CHO−, associated with the same single bond cleavage and different survival probability.
Conclusions. The low-energy electron induced dissociation of methyl formate differs from its isomers acetic acid and glycolaldehyde, which leads to possible chemical selectivity in the chemical evolution.
BEFORE-Studie
Authors: Sokolowski Tobias , Voet Bernard 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Studie Die klinische, randomisierte, doppelt-blinde BEFORE-Studie wurde zum Nachweis der Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit einer Wirkstoffkombination bestehend aus einem speziellen Polyglucosamin und einem Glucomannan durchgeführt. 165 übergewichtige Teilnehmer (BMI > 27) wurden in die Studie aufgenommen und randomisiert auf drei Behandlungsgruppen aufgeteilt. Die Wirkstoffe in der Prüfmedikation sind aus natürlichen Ausgangsmaterialien hergestellt (Aspergillus niger und Amorphophallus konjac) und enthalten keine Stoffe tierischen Ursprungs. Die Probanden erhielten in den drei Behandlungsarmen entweder ein Placebo oder die einfache Dosis Polyglucosamin + Glucomannan (tägl. Dosis von 1,5 g und 3,0 g) oder die doppelte Dosis Polyglucosamin mit einer um 34 % erhöhten Dosis an Glucomannan (tägl. Dosis von 3 g und 4,02 g) dreimal täglich vor einer Mahlzeit über einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen.
Ergebnisse Die Studie konnte eine relevante Gewichtsreduktion in beiden Verum-Gruppen über den Untersuchungszeitraum von 56 Tagen nachweisen, mit einer signifikanten Gewichtsreduktion von –0,89 ± 2,1 kg (p = 0,0044) und –1,01 ± 2,1 kg (p = 0,0006) in den beiden Verum-Gruppen und einer nicht signifikanten Veränderung von –0,09 ± 1,4 kg (p > 0,75) in der Placebo-Gruppe.
Schlussfolgerung Obwohl die Studienteilnehmer ihren Lebensstil und ihre Ernährungsgewohnheiten nicht änderten, konnte durch die Einnahme des Prüfproduktes ein relevanter Gewichtsverlust in beiden Verum-Gruppen erzielt werden, während in der Placebo-Gruppe keine relevante Gewichtsveränderung beobachtet wurde. Insgesamt konnte die Studie eine statistisch signifikante Wirkung auf die Reduktion des Körpergewichts im Vergleich zum Ausgangswert und eine gute Verträglichkeit durch beide Verum-Produkte ohne eine zusätzliche Diät (Kalorienreduktion) oder erhöhte körperliche Aktivität nachweisen.
Behandlung im Voraus Planen (BVP): Eine Übersichtsarbeit über das Vorsorgeverhalten von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland
Authors: Gadebusch Bondio Mariacarla , Wagner Anna Julia Maria , Krieger Rico , Weiß Leonard , Kinnebrock Susanne 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Wunsch, bis zum Lebensende über sich zu verfügen, hat in unserer Gesellschaft einen hohen Stellenwert erreicht. Frauen und Männer unterschiedlichen Alters, sozio- und bildungsbiografischen Hintergrunds und verschiedener kultureller Prägungen entscheiden zunehmend über künftige Behandlungen im Voraus (Behandlung im Voraus planen, BVP).
Ziel der Arbeit Identifikation und Analyse von Forschungsliteratur über das Vorsorgeverhalten von Männern und Frauen in Deutschland. Im Fokus stehen geschlechterspezifische Unterschiede.
Material und Methoden Systematischer Review von empirischen Studien mit geschlechterspezifischen Daten zum Vorsorgeverhalten in Deutschland. Dezidierte Analyse von 21 der 479 extrahierten Artikel.
Ergebnisse Bei antizipativen Behandlungsentscheidungen zeigt sich, dass das Vorsorgeverhalten von interagierenden Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter, kultureller und ethnischer Hintergrund, Religion und Bildung geprägt wird. Eine rein geschlechtsspezifisch erklärbare Prävalenz von Vorsorgeverhalten lässt sich aus den Studien nicht ableiten. Dieses prima facie negative Ergebnis ist z.T. auf das Design der Studien selbst zurückzuführen. Heterogene Daten und wenig ausgeprägte Geschlechtersensibilität lassen die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Vorsorgeverhalten, Geschlecht und Gender i.d.R. unbeantwortet.
Diskussion Die analysierten Studien reduzieren die Dimension Geschlecht auf eine dualistische Klassifikation, blenden individuelle Rollenbilder und Haltungen (Gender) aus und lassen ebenso geographisch-kulturelle Kontexte unberücksichtigt. Hieraus ergibt sich ein Forschungsdesiderat für Studien mit einem reflektierten gender- und kultursensiblen Fokus.
Identification of Species in the Aromatic Spice Family Apiaceae Using DNA Mini-barcodes
Authors: Parveen Iffat , Techen Natascha , Khan Ikhlas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe species of the aromatic plant family Apiaceae are mainly used as spices and foods, but the family also includes medicinal and some poisonous plant species. Due to the similar chemical compounds or aroma and morphology, the poisonous species are often mistaken for the edible aromatic species. It is therefore imperative to correctly identify the species present at the initial raw stage samples to ensure product safety and efficacy. At the molecular level, plant species can be identified using DNA loci either from nuclear or plastid genome with easily available universal oligonucleotides, a technique called DNA barcoding. However, this is possible when single-species plant material is present but may not work on a mixture of plants species. Another disadvantage is that using universal oligonucleotides is of limited help, especially if the adulterating material is present in low quantities. On the other hand, if using the species-specific oligonucleotides, only single specific adulterating plant material could be detected and, consequently, the unexpected adulterants may go undetected. Therefore, in the current work, four degenerated oligonucleotides from ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the nuclear genome were designed that can bind to a variety of Apiaceae genera only and not to other genera belonging to different plant families. These family-specific oligonucleotides were able to amplify a diagnostic PCR product from 16 Apiaceae species that, upon sequencing, revealed the identity of the plant it was derived from. The size of these products is around 140 bp for ITS1 and approximately 80 bp for the ITS2 region. The size range of the amplified products falls in the category of a desired mini-barcode size to be used for damaged/fragmented DNA and next generation sequencing.
Premature Infants Conceived with Assisted Reproductive Technology: An Analysis of Infant Morbidity, Compared with Infants Conceived Naturally
Authors: Berg Jennifer , Keszler Martin , Abubakar Kabir , Scala Melissa 
Published: July 2018

Objective This article evaluates the morbidity of infants born via assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared with matched naturally conceived infants.
Study Design This is a retrospective review of maternal and infant data among inborn infants conceived via ART and matched control infants born at 30 to 34 weeks' gestational age (GA) between 2006 and 2012. Data were analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxo–Mann–Whitney test for continuous and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. p-Value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Result Of 120 study infants, 60 were conceived via ART and 60 naturally. Control infants were matched for GA, gender, race, and multiple gestations. ART infants required more respiratory support and took longer to reach full feeds compared with control infants.
Conclusion Infants born via ART are physiologically more immature with more intensive care needs than naturally conceived infants of similar gestation, potentially increasing health care costs. This immaturity should be considered when planning early delivery in these pregnancies.
Die Mentalismusfrage
Authors: Pawelzik M. R. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Mentalismusfrage zielt auf ein zentrales theoretisches Problem der Psychiatrie: Wie ist das Psychische richtig zu verstehen? Dass diese Frage bis heute nicht schlüssig beantwortet werden kann, liegt nicht allein an unserer empirischen Ignoranz. Die Schwierigkeiten, eine Antwort zu finden, sind ebenso auf die bisherige Art der wissenschaftlichen Herangehensweise, d. h. auf Forschungsmethodik und Modellierung, zurückzuführen. Um etwas Licht in die infrage stehenden Zusammenhänge zu werfen, werde ich fünf Fragen stellen und tentativ zu beantworten versuchen – Fragen nach dem ontologischen Status der mentalen Sphäre, nach der Beschreibung und der Erkenntnis des Mentalen und nach seiner Stellung in der Naturgeschichte und seiner erfolgversprechendsten wissenschaftlichen Modellierung. Ziel meiner Diskussion der Fragen wird es sein, den Stellenwert der Mentalismusfrage zu verdeutlichen, das Verständnis für die zugrundeliegenden Probleme zu vertiefen und um für eine theoretische Re-Orientierung des Faches zu werben.
CIRSE and World Interventional Radiology
Authors: Morgan Robert , Slijepcevic Birgit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOn the occasion of the 20th Indian Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (ISVIR) Annual Conference in Lucknow, India, in February 2018, the President of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) presented the ISVIR International Oration on the topic “CIRSE and World Interventional Radiology.” The oration addressed the current strengths but also the challenges interventional radiology (IR) is facing worldwide and emphasized the portfolio of CIRSE's activities aiming to further this innovative discipline. Four pillars for the future of IR are addressed in detail: education, certification, research and guidelines as well as communication and global collaboration. Building on these aspects, a prosperous future for IR can be expected.