bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Need for improved public health protection of young people wanting body piercing: evidence from a look-back exercise at a piercing and tattooing premises with poor hygiene practices, Wales (UK) 2015
Authors: Perry M. , Lewis H. , Thomas D. Rh. , Mason B. , Richardson G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFollowing a cluster of serious pseudomonas skin infections linked to a body piercing and tattooing premises, a look-back exercise was carried out to offer clients a screen for blood-borne viruses. Of those attending for screening 72% (581/809) had a piercing procedure in the premises of interest: 94 (16%) were under 16 years of age at the time of screening. The most common site of piercing was ear (34%), followed by nose (27%), nipple (21%) and navel (21%). A small number (<5) tested positive for hepatitis B and C, with no evidence this was linked to the premises. However, 36% (211/581) of clients reported a skin infection associated with their piercing. Using data from client forms, 36% provided a false age. Those aged under 16 years (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.7–7.7) and those receiving a piercing at an intimate site (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.6) were more likely to provide a false age. The findings from this exercise were used to support the drafting of the Public Health (Wales) Bill which proposed better regulation of piercing premises and the need to provide proof of being 18 years of age or over before having a piercing of an intimate site.
Time-series analysis of tuberculosis from 2005 to 2017 in China
Authors: Wang H. , Tian C. W. , Wang W. M. , Luo X. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSeasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) has been used to model nationwide tuberculosis (TB) incidence in other countries. This study aimed to characterise monthly TB notification rate in China. Monthly TB notification rate from 2005 to 2017 was used. Time-series analysis was based on a SARIMA model and a hybrid model of SARIMA-generalised regression neural network (GRNN) model. A decreasing trend (3.17% per years, P < 0.01) and seasonal variation of TB notification rate were found from 2005 to 2016 in China, with a predominant peak in spring. A SARIMA model of ARIMA (0,1,1) (0,1,1)12 was identified. The mean error rate of the single SARIMA model and the SARIMA–GRNN combination model was 6.07% and 2.56%, and the determination coefficient was 0.73 and 0.94, respectively. The better performance of the SARIMA–GRNN combination model was further confirmed with the forecasting dataset (2017). TB is a seasonal disease in China, with a predominant peak in spring, and the trend of TB decreased by 3.17% per year. The SARIMA–GRNN model was more effective than the widely used SARIMA model at predicting TB incidence.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Barium in Arctic Sea‐Ice and Seawater
Authors: Hendry Katharine R. , Pyle Kimberley M. , Barney Butler G. , Cooper Adam , Fransson Agneta , Chierici Melissa , Leng Melanie J. , Meyer Amelie , Dodd Paul A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFreshwater export from the Arctic is critical in determining the density of water at sites of North Atlantic deep water formation, which in turn influences the global flux of oceanic heat and nutrients. We need geochemical tracers and high‐resolution observations to refine our freshwater budgets and constrain models for future change. The use of seawater barium concentrations in the Arctic Ocean as a freshwater tracer relies on the conservative behavior of barium in seawater; while this has been shown to be an unreliable assumption in Arctic summers, there are a lack of studies observing seasonal progressions. Here, we present barium concentrations from seawater and sea‐ice collected during the Norwegian Young Sea ICE expedition from boreal winter into summer. We use other tracers (salinity, oxygen isotopes, and alkalinity) to reconstruct freshwater inputs and calculate a barium “deficit” that can be attributed to nonconservative processes. We locate a deficit in winter when biological production is low, which we attribute to uptake by barite formation associated with old organic matter or by internal sea‐ice processes. We also find a significant barium deficit during the early spring bloom, consistent with uptake into organic‐matter associated microenvironments. However, in summer, there no strong barium deficit near the surface, despite high biological production and organic carbon standing stocks, perhaps reflecting phytoplankton assemblage changes, and/or rapid internal cycling. Our findings challenge the assumptions surrounding the use of barium as an Arctic freshwater tracer, and highlight the need to improve our understanding of barium in sea‐ice environments.
Simulation of crop growth, time to maturity and yield by an improved sigmoidal model
Authors: Liu Jun-He , Yan Yan , Ali Abid , Yu Ming-Fu , Xu Qi-Jie , Shi Pei-Jian , Chen Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractModels that accurately estimate maximum crop biomass to obtain a reliable forecast of yield are useful in crop improvement programs and aiding establishment of government policies, including those addressing issues of food security. Here, we present a new sigmoidal growth model (NSG) and compare its performance with the beta sigmoidal growth model (BSG) for capturing the growth trajectories of eight crop species. Results indicated that both the NSG and the BSG fitted all the growth datasets well (R2 > 0.98). However, the NSG performed better than the BSG based on the calculated value of Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). The NSG provided a consistent estimate for when maximum biomass occurred; this suggests that the parameters of the BSG may have less biological importance as compared to those in the NSG. In summary, the new sigmoidal growth model is superior to the beta sigmoidal growth model, which can be applied to capture the growth trajectory of various plant species regardless of the initial biomass values at the beginning of a growth period. Findings of this study will be helpful to understand the growth trajectory of different plant species regardless of their initial biomass values at the beginning of a growth period.
Towards reconstruction of the lost Late Bronze Age intra-caldera island of Santorini, Greece
Authors: Karátson Dávid , Gertisser Ralf , Telbisz Tamás , Vereb Viktor , Quidelleur Xavier , Druitt Timothy , Nomikou Paraskevi , Kósik Szabolcs 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring the Late Bronze Age, the island of Santorini had a semi-closed caldera harbour inherited from the 22 ka Cape Riva Plinian eruption, and a central island referred to as ‘Pre-Kameni’ after the present-day Kameni Islands. Here, the size and age of the intracaldera island prior to the Late Bronze Age (Minoan) eruption are constrained using a photo-statistical method, complemented by granulometry and high-precision K-Ar dating. Furthermore, the topography of Late Bronze Age Santorini is reconstructed by creating a new digital elevation model (DEM). Pre-Kameni and other parts of Santorini were destroyed during the 3.6 ka Minoan eruption, and their fragments were incorporated as lithic clasts in the Minoan pyroclastic deposits. Photo-statistical analysis and granulometry of these lithics, differentiated by lithology, constrain the volume of Pre-Kameni to 2.2–2.5 km3. Applying the Cassignol-Gillot K-Ar dating technique to the most characteristic black glassy andesite lithics, we propose that the island started to grow at 20.2 ± 1.0 ka soon after the Cape Riva eruption. This implies a minimum long-term lava extrusion rate of ~0.13–0.14 km3/ky during the growth of Pre-Kameni.
Depletion of potassium and sodium in mantles of Mars, Moon and Vesta by core formation
Authors: Steenstra E. S. , Agmon N. , Berndt J. , Klemme S. , Matveev S. , van Westrenen W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe depletions of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in samples from planetary interiors have long been considered as primary evidence for their volatile behavior during planetary formation processes. Here, we use high-pressure experiments combined with laser ablation analyses to measure the sulfide-silicate and metal-silicate partitioning of K and Na at high pressure (P) – temperature (T) and find that their partitioning into metal strongly increases with temperature. Results indicate that the observed Vestan and Martian mantle K and Na depletions can reflect sequestration into their sulfur-rich cores in addition to their volatility during formation of Mars and Vesta. This suggests that alkali depletions are not affected solely by incomplete condensation or partial volatilization during planetary formation and differentiation, but additionally or even primarily reflect the thermal and chemical conditions during core formation. Core sequestration is also significant for the Moon, but lunar mantle depletions of K and Na cannot be reconciled by core formation only. This supports the hypothesis that measured isotopic fractionations of K in lunar samples represent incomplete condensation or extensive volatile loss during the Moon-forming giant impact.
Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity is Associated with the Risk of New Carotid Plaque Formation: Data from a Chinese Community-based Cohort
Authors: Yang Yao , Fan Fangfang , Kou Minghao , Yang Ying , Cheng Guanliang , Jia Jia , Gao Lan , Zhou Zechen , Chen Dafang , Zhang Yan , Huo Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractArtery stiffness is an independent marker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) is related to new carotid plaque formation is unresolved. This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline ba-PWV and new carotid plaque formation in a Chinese community-based population without carotid plaques at baseline. This study population consisted of a total of 738 participants from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing, China. After a mean 2.3-year follow-up, the incidence of carotid plaques were 21.2% and 36.5% in the groups with ba-PWV < 1,400 cm/s and ≥1,400 cm/s, respectively. Compared with baseline ba-PWV < 1,400 cm/s group, ba-PWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s group was significantly associated with the incidence of new carotid plaque formation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.50–3.03, P < 0.01), even after adjusting for common risk factors (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02–2.25, P = 0.04). Furthermore, there was a strong relationship between baseline ba-PWV and carotid plaque formation in subjects with ba-PWV < 1,400 cm/s, but no such relationship was found in subjects with baseline ba-PWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s. In conclusion, this study suggests that baseline ba-PWV is independently associated with the risk of carotid plaque formation in a Chinese community-based population.
Ca2+ imaging and gene expression profiling of Lonicera Confusa in response to calcium-rich environment
Authors: Jin Wenwen , Long Yan , Fu Chunhua , Zhang Libin , Xiang Jun , Wang Baoshan , Li Maoteng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs a medicinal plant widely planted in southwest karst of China, the study of adaptation mechanisms ofLonicera confusa, especially to karst calcium-rich environment, can provide important theoretical basis for repairing desertification by genetic engineering. In this study, the Ca2+imaging in the leaves ofL. confusawas explored by LSCM (Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy), which revealed that the calcium could be transported to gland, epidermal hair and stoma in the leaves ofL. confusain high-Ca2+environment. In addition, we simulated the growth environment ofL. confusaand identified DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) under different Ca2+concentrations by RNA sequencing. Further analysis showed that these DEGs were assigned with some important biological processes. Furthermore, a complex protein-protein interaction network among DEGs inL. Confusawas constructed and some important regulatory genes and transcription factors were identified. Taken together, this study displayed the Ca2+transport and the accumulation of Ca2+channels and pools inL. Confusawith high-Ca2+treatment. Moreover, RNA sequencing provided a global picture of differential gene expression patterns inL. Confusawith high-Ca2+treatment, which will help to reveal the molecular mechanism of the adaptation ofL. confusato high-Ca2+environment in the future.
Dynamical evolution of C/2017 K2 PANSTARRS
Authors: Królikowska Małgorzata , Dybczyński Piotr A. 
Published: April 2018

Context. The comet C/2017 K2 PANSTARRS drew attention to its activity at the time of its discovery in May 2017 when it was about 16 au from the Sun. This Oort spike comet will approach its perihelion in December 2022, and the question about its dynamical past is an important issue to explore.
Aims. In order to answer the question of whether C/2017 K2 is a dynamically old or new comet it is necessary to obtain its precise osculating orbit, its original orbit, and propagate its motion backwards in time to the previous perihelion. Knowledge of the previous perihelion distance is necessary to distinguish between these two groups of the Oort spike comets. We have studied the dynamical evolution of C/2017 K2 to the previous perihelion (backward calculations for about 3–4 Myr) as well as to the future (forward calculations for about 0.033 Myr) using the swarm of virtual comets (VCs) constructed from a nominal osculating orbit of this comet which we determined here using all positional measurements available at the moment. Outside the planetary system both Galactic and stellar perturbations were taken into account.
Results. We derive that C/2017 K2 is a dynamically old Oort spike comet (1/aprev = (48.7 ± 7.9) × 10−6 au−1) with the previous perihelion distance below 10 au for 97% of VCs (nominal qprev = 3.77 au). According to the present data this comet will be perturbed into a more tightly bound orbit after passing the planetary zone (1/afut = (1140.4 ± 8.0) × 10−6 au−1, qfut = 1.79336 ± 0.00006 au) provided that non-gravitational effects will not change the orbit significantly.
Conclusions. C/2017 K2 has already visited our planetary zone during its previous perihelion passage. Thus, it is almost certainly a dynamically old Oort spike comet. The future orbital solution of this comet is formally very precise, however, it is much less definitive since the presented analysis is based on pre-perihelion data taken at very large heliocentric distances (23.7–14.6 au from the Sun), and this comet can experience a significant non-gravitational perturbation during the upcoming perihelion passage in 2022.
Stenting for Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Kun , Park Jung-Hoon , Shin Ji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEsophageal cancer is the eighth most common malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most patients with esophageal cancer are identified at an advanced stage of disease. Less than 20% of patients are candidates for curable surgical resection. Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) have recently been used for the palliation of incurable esophageal cancer. Since their use was first reported in the late 1970s, stents have evolved rapidly from rigid plastic tubes to flexible SEMSs. This review covers various aspects of SEMS placement for advanced esophageal cancer and discusses multiple types of SEMSs, considerations in stent placement, complications, and recently developed radiation-emitting stents.
Escherichia colicultures maintain stable subpopulation structure during long-term evolution
Authors: Behringer Megan G. , Choi Brian I. , Miller Samuel F. , Doak Thomas G. , Karty Jonathan A. , Guo Wanfeng , Lynch Michael 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceUnderstanding how microbes adapt to novel environments is essential to understanding acute bacterial infection and long-term disease, as genetic architecture underlying the production and maintenance of genetic variation influences a population’s potential for adaptation. In this in-depth analysis of a highly replicatedEscherichia colilong-term evolution experiment, we observe rapid diversification into stable subpopulations in response to several environmental variables. This niche separation creates novel genetic backgrounds upon which new traits, such as differential nutrient utilization or antimicrobial resistance, can arise. The observed genetic changes, in a simple and tractable experimental system, mimic events known to occur during bacterial infections.
Structured networks support sparse traveling waves in rodent somatosensory cortex
Authors: Moldakarimov Samat , Bazhenov Maxim , Feldman Daniel E. , Sejnowski Terrence J. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The deflection of a single whisker activates neurons in the corresponding barrel of rodent somatosensory cortex, which is followed by a traveling wave of activity across the upper layer 2/3 (L2/3) of barrel cortex. There are many ways to generate traveling waves, but the model that we propose is the only one that is constrained by the data from the barrel cortex. We also explain the importance of traveling waves for encoding sensory stimuli in the barrel cortex and show how whisker stimulation induces horizontal propagation of activity within the barrel cortex with the observed sparse neural activity. Our theory contrasts the conventional theory of sensory processing, which assumes feedforward processing in hierarchically organized cortical networks.
Systematic analysis of copy number variation associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Zhu Qihui , High Frances A. , Zhang Chengsheng , Cerveira Eliza , Russell Meaghan K. , Longoni Mauro , Joy Maliackal P. , Ryan Mallory , Mil-homens Adam , Bellfy Lauren , Coletti Caroline M. , Bhayani Pooja , Hila Regis , Wilson Jay M. , Donahoe Patricia K. , Lee Charles 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThis study describes the results of a large-scale case control analysis of copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and a large number of healthy population-matched controls. Using a customized array comparative genomic hybridization system, we have identified six CNVs that are associated with CDH with statistical significance (P< 0.05). These regions validate several hypothesized CDH candidate genes and identify additional genes and pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of CDH. The estimated frequency of pathogenic CNVs in this cohort is 13%, which underscores the critical contribution of CNVs in CDH. This study also provides a model approach that is broadly applicable to other structural birth defects and identifies candidates for future functional studies.
Quantifying flow and stress in ice mélange, the world’s largest granular material
Authors: Burton Justin C. , Amundson Jason M. , Cassotto Ryan , Kuo Chin-Chang , Dennin Michael 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Ice mélange, a granular collection of broken icebergs ranging from tens of meters to hundreds of meters in size, sits in front of many of the Earth’s most active tidewater glaciers. In addition to influencing heat and mass transport in the ocean, the jam-packed mélange provides a geophysical living laboratory to test principles developed for small-scale granular materials such as sand. By characterizing both flow and mechanical stress using field measurements, laboratory experiments, and numerical modeling, we show that ice mélange is a quasi-2D, creeping granular fluid which constantly jams and unjams as it advances through the fjord. Most importantly, our results show how ice mélange can act as a “granular ice shelf” which buttresses even the largest icebergs that calve into the ocean.
The C-terminal extension landscape of naturally presented HLA-I ligands
Authors: Guillaume Philippe , Picaud Sarah , Baumgaertner Petra , Montandon Nicole , Schmidt Julien , Speiser Daniel E. , Coukos George , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Gfeller David 
Published: April 2018

Significance
HLA-I molecules play a central role in immune recognition of infected or cancer cells. They bind short intracellular peptides of 9 to 12 amino acids and present them to T cells for immune recognition. For many years, the confinement of HLA-I ligand has been a central dogma in immunology. Combing analysis of mass spectrometry data with novel algorithms, X-ray crystallography, and T cell recognition assays, we show that a substantial fraction of HLA-I molecules bind peptides extending beyond the C terminus of canonical ligands, and that these peptides can be recognized by CD8 T cells. Our ability to accurately predict such epitopes will help studying their role in infectious diseases or cancer immunotherapy.
Symbiotic polydnavirus and venom reveal parasitoid to its hyperparasitoids
Authors: Zhu Feng , Cusumano Antonino , Bloem Janneke , Weldegergis Berhane T. , Villela Alexandre , Fatouros Nina E. , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel , Harvey Jeffrey A. , Vogel Heiko , Poelman Erik H. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Symbiotic relationships benefit organisms in utilization of new niches. In parasitoid wasps, symbiotic viruses and venom that are injected together with wasp eggs into the host caterpillar suppress immune responses of the host and enhance parasitoid survival. We found that the virus also has negative effects on offspring survival when placing these interactions in a community context. The virus and venom drive a chain of interactions that includes the herbivore and its food plant and attracts the hyperparasitoid enemies of the parasitoid. Our results shed new light on the importance of symbionts associated with their host in driving ecological interactions and highlight the intricacy of how multispecies interactions are reflected in adaptations of individual species such as the host-finding behavior of hyperparasitoids.
Genomic adaptation to drought in wild barley is driven by edaphic natural selection at the Tabigha Evolution Slope
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Chen Zhong-Hua , Yang Chongyi , Zhang Xuelei , Jin Gulei , Chen Guang , Wang Yuanyuan , Holford Paul , Nevo Eviatar , Zhang Guoping , Dai Fei 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Microsite evolution involving ecological divergence due to geological, edaphic, or climatic conditions requires adaptive complexes to environmental stresses. The higher drought tolerance of wild barley populations inhabiting Terra Rossa soil at the Tabigha Evolution Slope has been described, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unknown. Using genome resequencing and RNA-sequencing technologies of wild barley genotypes from contrasting Terra Rossa and basalt soil types, we identified genes in selection sweep regions on chromosomes 6H and 7H, showing divergence in the barley populations from Terra Rossa and basalt soils with significant roles in plant drought tolerance. Our results set a solid foundation for future work on gene discovery and on drought adaptation mechanisms in barley related to the rhizosphere environment.
Symbiotic root infections in
Medicago truncatula
require remorin-mediated receptor stabilization in membrane nanodomains
Authors: Liang Pengbo , Stratil Thomas F. , Popp Claudia , Marín Macarena , Folgmann Jessica , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Wen Jiangqi , Ott Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Pattern recognition receptors control the cellular entry of pathogenic as well as symbiotic microbes. While ligand-induced changes in receptor mobility at the plasma membrane and their localization in membrane nanodomains are general features, the molecular mechanism and the biological relevance of this phenomenon have remained unknown. Here we show that immobilization of the symbiotic cell entry receptor LYK3 in nanodomains requires the presence of actin and two molecular scaffold proteins, FLOT4 and SYMREM1. While FLOT4 forms the initial core structure, infection-induced expression and subsequent physical interaction of SYMREM1 with LYK3 stabilize the activated receptors in membrane nanodomains. This recruitment prevents stimulus-dependent endocytosis and ensures progression of the primary infection thread into root cortical cells.