bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilayered Governance and the International Financial Architecture: The Erosion of Multilateralism in International Liquidity Provision
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Lombardi Domenico , Malkin Anton 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe analyze the ‘plurilateralization’ of global financial governance, defined as the proliferation of bilateral, regional and global governance arrangements, exploring how these have shaped international monetary and financial relations. We argue that the added layers of governance are the outgrowth of four factors: the demand for an international lender of last resort, the need to manage cross‐border financial and monetary policy spillovers, the desire for policy ownership and flexibility in an increasingly globalized world, and the confluence of bilateral liquidity provision policies with countries’ strategic foreign economic policy goals. Despite the desire to rationalize and streamline an increasingly complex international financial architecture, we argue that plurilateral governance is here to stay. We therefore offer some guidelines for living with this complexity.
Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC): Patient/Family‐informed Research Priorities for Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Authors: Bialy Liza , Plint Amy C. , Freedman Stephen B. , Johnson David W. , Curran Janet A. , Stang Antonia S. ,   Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC)
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of literature supports patient and public involvement in the design, prioritization, and dissemination of research and evidence‐based medicine. The objectives of this project were to engage patients and families in developing a prioritized list of research topics for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) and to compare results with prior research prioritization initiatives in the emergency department (ED) setting.MethodsWe utilized a systematic process to combine administrative data on frequency of patient presentations to the ED with multiple stakeholder input including an initial stakeholder survey followed by a modified Delphi consensus methodology consisting of two Web‐based surveys and a face‐to‐face meeting.ResultsThe prioritization process resulted in a ranked list of 15 research priorities. The top five priorities were mental health presentations, pain and sedation, practice tools, quality of care delivery, and resource utilization. Mental health, pain and sedation, clinical prediction rules, respiratory illnesses/wheeze, patient safety/medication error, and sepsis were identified as shared priorities with prior initiatives. Topics identified in our process that were not identified in prior work included resource utilization, ED communication, antibiotic stewardship, and patient/family adherence with recommendations.ConclusionsThis work identifies key priorities for research in PEM. Comparing our results with prior initiatives in the ED setting identified shared research priorities and opportunities for collaboration among PEM research networks. This work in particular makes an important contribution to the existing literature by including the patient/family perspective missing from prior work.
Opioid Misuse as a Predictor of Alcohol Treatment Outcomes in the COMBINE Study: Mediation by Medication Adherence
Authors: Witkiewitz Katie , Votaw Victoria R. , Vowles Kevin E. , Kranzler Henry R. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAlcohol is often consumed with opioids and alcohol misuse interferes with treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Drug misuse is associated with worse alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment outcomes, yet no studies have investigated the role of opioid misuse in AUD treatment outcomes.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of the medication conditions of the COMBINE study (n = 1,226), a randomized clinical trial of medications (acamprosate and/or naltrexone) and behavioral interventions (medication management and/or behavioral intervention) for alcohol dependence. We examined associations between baseline opioid misuse and the use of cannabis and other drugs with time to first drinking day, time to first heavy drinking day, and the frequency and intensity of drinking during treatment and 1 year following treatment, based on latent profile analysis. Opioid misuse was defined as use of illicit or prescription opioids without a prescription or not as directed in the previous 6 months, in the absence of OUD. Self‐reported cannabis and other drug use were also examined. Seventy individuals (5.7%) met the opioid misuse definition and 542 (44.2%) reported use of cannabis or other drugs without opioid misuse. We also examined medication adherence as a potential mediator.ResultsBaseline opioid misuse significantly predicted the time to first heavy drinking day (OR = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.13, 1.64], p = 0.001) and a higher probability of being in a heavier and more frequent drinking profile at the end of treatment (OR = 2.90 [95% CI: 1.43, 5.90], p = 0.003), and at 1 year following treatment (OR = 2.66 [95% CI: 1.26, 5.59], p = 0.01). Cannabis and other drug use also predicted outcomes. Medication adherence partially mediated the association between opioid misuse, cannabis use, other drug use, and treatment outcomes.ConclusionsOpioid misuse and other drug use were associated with poorer AUD treatment outcomes, which was partially mediated by medication adherence. Clinicians and researchers should assess opioid misuse and other drug use in patients undergoing AUD treatment.
Sickness absence diagnoses among abstainers, low‐risk drinkers and at‐risk drinkers: consideration of the U‐shaped association between alcohol use and sickness absence in four cohort studies
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Kivimäki Mika , Head Jenny , Goldberg Marcel , Airagnes Guillaume , Pentti Jaana , Oksanen Tuula , Salo Paula , Suominen Sakari , Jokela Markus , Vahtera Jussi , Zins Marie , Virtanen Marianna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate differences in the strength and shape of associations between alcohol use and diagnosis‐specific sickness absence.DesignA multi‐cohort study. Participants (n = 47 520) responded to a survey on alcohol use at two time‐points, and were linked to records of sickness absence. Diagnosis‐specific sickness absence was followed for 4–7 years from the latter survey.Setting and participantsFrom Finland, we had population cohort survey data from 1998 and 2003 and employee cohort survey data from 2000–02 and 2004. From France and the United Kingdom, we had employee cohort survey data from 1993 and 1997, and 1985–88 and 1991–94, respectively.MeasurementsWe used standard questionnaires to assess alcohol intake categorized into 0, 1–11 and > 11 units per week in women and 0, 1–34 and > 34 units per week in men. We identified groups with stable and changing alcohol use over time. We linked participants to records from sickness absence registers. Diagnoses of sickness absence were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases. Estimates were adjusted for sex, age, socio‐economic status, smoking and body mass index.FindingsWomen who reported drinking 1–11 units and men who reported drinking 1–34 units of alcohol per week in both surveys were the reference group. Compared with them, women and men who reported no alcohol use in either survey had a higher risk of sickness absence due to mental disorders [rate ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22–1.88], musculoskeletal disorders (1.22, 95% CI = 1.06–1.41), diseases of the digestive system (1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.77) and diseases of the respiratory system (1.49, 95% CI = 1.29–1.72). Women who reported alcohol consumption of > 11 weekly units and men who reported alcohol consumption of > 34 units per week in both surveys were at increased risk of absence due to injury or poisoning (1.44, 95% CI = 1.13–1.83).ConclusionsIn Finland, France and the United Kingdom, people who report not drinking any alcohol on two occasions several years apart appear to have a higher prevalence of sickness absence from work with chronic somatic and mental illness diagnoses than those drinking below a risk threshold of 11 units per week for women and 34 units per week for men. Persistent at‐risk drinking in Finland, France and the United Kingdom appears to be related to increased absence due to injury or poisoning.
Legislative Capacity and Credit Risk
Authors: Fortunato David , Turner Ian R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLegislatures differ in their institutional capacity to draft and enact policy. While strong legislatures can increase the congruence of policy outcomes to the electorate's preferences, they can also inject uncertainty into markets with their ability to alter the political economic landscape. We argue that this uncertainty will manifest in a state's ability to borrow and hypothesize a negative relationship between legislative capacity and creditworthiness. Using ratings of general obligation bonds issued by the American states over nearly two decades and data on the institutional capacity of state legislative assemblies, we find support for the claim that having a legislature that is better equipped to affect policy change increases credit risk evaluations. The results we present broaden our understanding of the importance of legislative institutions, the determinants of credit risk, and the economic implications of democratic responsiveness.
The role of baseline and post‐procedural frontal plane QRS‐T angles for cardiac risk assessment in patients with acute STEMI
Authors: Colluoglu Tugce , Tanriverdi Zulkif , Unal Baris , Ozcan Emin Evren , Dursun Huseyin , Kaya Dayimi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo our knowledge, no study so far investigated the importance of post‐procedural frontal QRS‐T angle f(QRS‐T) in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of our study was to investigate the role of baseline and post‐procedural f(QRS‐T) angles for determining high risk STEMI patients, and the success of reperfusion.MethodsA total of 248 patients with first acute STEMI that underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) or thrombolytic therapy (TT) between 2013 and 2014 were included in this study. Baseline f(QRS‐T) angle was defined as the angle which measured from the first ECG at the time of hospital admission. Post‐procedural (QRS‐T) angle was defined according to the treatment strategy as follows: the angle which measured from the post‐PCI ECG in patients treated with pPCI; the angle which measured from the ECG taken 90 min after onset of therapy in patients treated with TT.ResultsThe baseline (101.9° ± 48.0 vs. 72.1° ± 49.1, p = 0.014) and post‐procedural f(QRS‐T) angles (95.7° ± 48.1 vs. 58.1° ± 47.1, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients who developed in‐hospital mortality than the patients who did not develop in‐hospital mortality. Also, f(QRS‐T) angle measured at 90 min was significantly lower in patients with successful thrombolysis group compared to failed thrombolysis group (53.2° ± 42.8 vs. 77.3° ± 52.9, p = 0.033), whereas baseline f(QRS‐T) angle was similar between two groups (78.6° ± 53.4 vs. 78.9° ± 54.0, p = 0.976). Multivariate analysis showed that post‐procedural f(QRS‐T) angle ≥89.6° (odds ratio: 3.541, 95% confidence interval: 1.235–10.154, p = 0.019), but not baseline f(QRS‐T) angle, was independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality.Conclusionf(QRS‐T) angle may be used as a beneficial tool for determining high risk patients in acute STEMI. Unlike previous studies, we showed for the first time that that post‐procedural f(QRS‐T) can predict in‐hospital mortality and TT failure.
Caseload distribution of general surgeons in regional Australia: is there a role for a rural surgery sub‐specialization?
Authors: Bappayya Shaneel , Chen Fiona , Alderuccio Megan , Schwalb Heinrich 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundRural and regional Australia presents a unique challenge in the delivery of surgical services by virtue of its geographical vastness and low population density. While up to 33% of Australians live in rural or regional areas, only 14.8% of surgeons work in a rural or regional area. Data regarding the caseload distribution of general surgeons working in a regional setting in Australia remain scarce. In order to better examine the training needs of rural general surgeons, this study aims to examine the caseload distribution of general surgeons working in regional Australia.MethodsA retrospective review of surgical procedures carried out by general surgeons at Albury Base Hospital between September 2006 and December 2014 was carried out. Surgical procedures were grouped according to the classifications of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Morbidity and Audit Logbook Tool.ResultsDuring the study period, 21 652 procedures were carried out by general surgeons. A total of 58.7% (12711) of these procedures consisted of general surgical procedures and 35.9% (7763) were endoscopic procedures. A total of 5.4% of procedures carried out by general surgeons fell outside the scope of traditional general surgery, including cardiothoracic, orthopaedic, ear, nose and throat, neurosurgical, vascular and urological procedures. All general surgeons performed operations in surgical specialities outside of general surgery.ConclusionThis study adds weight to the value of a broad skill set in provision of surgical services in a rural setting.
Antigenic response to CT‐P13 and infliximab originator in inflammatory bowel disease patients shows similar epitope recognition
Authors: Goncalves J. , Santos M. , Acurcio R. , Iria I. , Gouveia L. , Matos Brito P. , Catarina Cunha‐Santos A. , Barbas A. , Galvão J. , Barbosa I. , Aires da Silva F. , Alcobia A. , Cavaco M. , Cardoso M. , Delgado Alves J. , Carey J. J. , Dörner T. , Eurico Fonseca J. , Palmela C. , Torres J. , Lima Vieira C. , Trabuco D. , Fiorino G. , Strik A. , Yavzori M. , Rosa I. , Correia L. , Magro F. , D'Haens G. , Ben‐Horin S. , Lakatos P. L. , Danese S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAimTo test the cross‐immunogenicity of anti‐CT‐P13 IBD patients’ sera to CT‐P13/infliximab originator and the comparative antigenicity evoked by CT‐P13/infliximab originator sera.MethodsSera of patients with IBD with measurable anti‐CT‐P13 antibodies were tested for their cross‐reactivity to 5 batches of infliximab originator and CT‐P13. Anti‐drug antibody positive sera from treated patients were used to compare antigenic epitopes.ResultsAll 42 anti‐CT‐P13 and 37 anti‐infliximab originator IBD sera were cross‐reactive with infliximab originator and CT‐P13 respectively. Concentration of anti‐drug antibodies against infliximab originator or CT‐P13 were strongly correlated both for IgG1 and IgG4 (P < 0.001). Anti‐CT‐P13 sera of patients with IBD (n = 32) exerted similar functional inhibition on CT‐P13 or infliximab originator TNF binding capacity and showed reduced binding to CT‐P13 in the presence of five different batches of CT‐P13 and infliximab originator. Anti‐CT‐P13 and anti‐infliximab originator IBD sera selectively enriched phage‐peptides from the VH (CDR1 and CDR3) and VL domains (CDR2 and CDR3) of infliximab. Sera reactivity detected major infliximab epitopes in these regions of infliximab in 60%‐79% of patients, and no significant differences were identified between CT‐P13 and infliximab originator immunogenic sera. Minor epitopes were localised in framework regions of infliximab with reduced antibody reactivity shown, in 30%‐50% of patients. Monoclonal antibodies derived from naïve individuals and ADA‐positive IBD patients treated with CT‐P13 provided comparable epitope specificity to five different batches of CT‐P13 and infliximab originator.ConclusionsThese results strongly support a similar antigenic profile for infliximab originator and CT‐P13, and point toward a safe switching between the two drugs in anti‐drug antibody negative patients.
Gestational changes in buprenorphine exposure: A physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic analysis
Authors: Zhang Hongfei , Kalluri Hari V. , Bastian Jaime R. , Chen Huijun , Alshabi Ali , Caritis Steve N. , Venkataramanan Raman 
Published: June 2018

AimsBuprenorphine (BUP) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of opioid addiction. The current dosing regimen of BUP in pregnant women is based on recommendations designed for nonpregnant adults. However, physiological changes during pregnancy may alter BUP exposure and efficacy. The objectives of this study were to develop a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for BUP in pregnant women, to predict changes in BUP exposure at different stages of pregnancy, and to demonstrate the utility of PBPK modelling in optimizing BUP pharmacotherapy during pregnancy.MethodsA full PBPK model for BUP was initially built and validated in healthy subjects. A fetoplacental compartment was included as a combined compartment in this model to simulate pregnancy induced anatomical and physiological changes. Further, gestational changes in physiological parameters were incorporated in this model. The PBPK model predictions of BUP exposure in pregnancy and during the postpartum period were compared to published data from a prospective clinical study.ResultsThe predicted BUP plasma concentration–time profiles in the virtual pregnant populations are consistent with the observed data in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, and the postpartum period. The differences in the predicted means of dose normalized area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve up to 12 h, average concentration and maximum concentration were within ±25% of the corresponding observed means with the exception of average concentration in the 3rd trimester (–26.3%).ConclusionPBPK model‐based simulation may be a useful tool to optimize BUP pharmacotherapy during pregnancy, obviating the need to perform pharmacokinetic studies in each trimester and the postpartum period that normally require intensive blood sampling.
Super‐mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) vs retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of 1–2 cm lower‐pole renal calculi: an international multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zeng Guohua , Zhang Tao , Agrawal Madhu , He Xiang , Zhang Wei , Xiao Kefeng , Li Hulin , Li Xuedong , Xu Changbao , Yang Sixing , de la Rosette Jean J. , Fan Junhong , Zhu Wei , Sarica Kemal 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the safety and effectiveness of super‐mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the treatment of 1–2 cm lower‐pole renal calculi (LPC).Patients and MethodsAn international multicentre, prospective, randomised, unblinded controlled study was conducted at 10 academic medical centres in China, India, and Turkey, between August 2015 and June 2017. In all, 160 consecutive patients with 1–2 cm LPC were randomised to receive SMP or RIRS. The primary endpoint was stone‐free rate (SFR). Stone‐free status was defined as no residual fragments of ≥0.3 cm on plain abdominal radiograph of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, and ultrasonography at 1‐day and on computed tomography at 3‐months after operation. Secondary endpoints included blood loss, operating time, postoperative pain scores, auxiliary procedures, complications, and hospital stay. Postoperative follow‐up was scheduled at 3 months. Analysis was by intention‐to‐treat. The trial was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT02519634).ResultsThe two groups had similar baseline characteristics. The mean (sd) stone diameters were comparable between the groups, at 1.50 (0.29) cm for the SMP group vs 1.43 (0.34) cm for the RIRS group (P = 0.214). SMP achieved a significantly better 1‐day and 3‐month SFR than RIRS (1‐day SFR 91.2% vs 71.2%, P = 0.001; 3‐months SFR 93.8% vs 82.5%, P = 0.028). The auxiliary procedure rate was lower in the SMP group. RIRS was found to be superior with lower haemoglobin drop and less postoperative pain. Blood transfusion was not required in either group. There was no significant difference in operating time, hospital stay, and complication rates, between the groups.ConclusionsSMP was more effective than RIRS for treating 1–2 cm LPC in terms of a better SFR and lesser auxiliary procedure rate. The complications and hospital stay were comparable. RIRS has the advantage of less postoperative pain.
Both acute and chronic inflammation are associated with less perineural invasion in men with prostate cancer on repeat biopsy
Authors: Kuang Andrew G. , Nickel J. Curtis , Andriole Gerald L. , Castro‐Santamaria Ramiro , Freedland Stephen J. , Moreira Daniel M. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between acute and chronic inflammation with the presence of perineural invasion (PNI) in prostate biopsies positive for prostate cancer (PCa).Material and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 1 399 prostate biopsies positive for PCa in the Reduction by Dutasteride of PCa Events (REDUCE) study. PCa, acute and chronic prostate inflammation and PNI were assessed by central pathology review. The association between acute and chronic inflammation with PNI was evaluated using chi‐squared and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and logistic regression adjusting for clinicopathological and biochemical variables.ResultsThe presence of PNI was identified in 133 biopsies (9.5%). In all, 267 biopsies (19.1%) had acute inflammation, 1 038 (74.2%) had chronic inflammation, and 255 (18.2%) had both. The presence of both acute and chronic inflammation had a mutual association (P < 0.001). Chronic inflammation was associated with a lower Gleason score (P = 0.009) and lower tumour volume (P < 0.001), while acute inflammation was associated with lower Gleason score (P = 0.04), lower tumour volume (P = 0.004) and higher prostate‐specific antigen levels (P = 0.05). In both univariable and multivariable analyses, chronic prostate inflammation was significantly associated with less PNI (univariable odds ratio [OR] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.79, P = 0.001; multivariable OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.99, P = 0.045). Acute prostate inflammation was associated with less PNI only in univariable analysis (univariable OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29–0.89, P = 0.018; multivariable OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.35–1.13, P = 0.12).ConclusionAcute and chronic prostate inflammation were both associated with a lower prevalence of PNI in prostate biopsies positive for PCa. If confirmed, this suggests that inflammation and immunomodulation can serve as areas of potential therapeutic design to mitigate PNI in patients with PCa.