bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicate features in the circumstellar envelopes of the Class I binary driving source of HH 250
Authors: Comerón F. , Merín B. , Reipurth B. , Yen H.-W. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The silicate feature near 10 μm is one of the main tools available to study the mineralogy of circumstellar disks and envelopes, providing information on the thermal processing, growth, location, and circulation of dust grains.
Aims. We investigate the silicate feature of the two Class I components of HH 250-IRS, a resolved binary system with a separation of 0″53 driving a Herbig-Haro flow. Each component has its own circumstellar envelope, and the system is surrounded by a circumbinary disk.
Methods. We carried out low resolution spectroscopy in the 8–13 μm range using VISIR, the thermal infrared imager and spectrograph at ESO’s Very Large Telescope.
Results. The silicate features of both sources are clearly different. The northwest (NW) component has a broad, smooth absorption profile lacking structure. We attribute most of it to foreground interstellar dust absorption, but estimate that additional absorption by amorphous silicates takes place in the circumstellar envelope of the young stellar object. The southeast (SE) component shows the silicate feature in emission, with structure longward of 9.5 μm indicating the presence of crystalline dust in the dominant form of forsterite. The apparent lack of an absorption feature caused by foreground dust is probably due to the filling of the band with emission by amorphous silicates in the envelope of the object.
Conclusions. Despite their virtually certain coevality, the differences in the components of the HH 250-IRS binary are most likely due to markedly different circumstellar environments. The NW component displays an unevolved envelope, whereas dust growth and crystallization has taken place in the SE component. The weak or absent signatures of enstatite in the latter are fairly unusual among envelopes with crystalline dust, and we tentatively relate it to a possible wide gap or an inner truncation of the disk already hinted at in previous observations by a drop in the L′-band flux, which might indicate that the SE component could actually be a very close binary. We speculate that the clear differences between the silicate feature spectra of both components of HH 250-IRS may be due either to disk evolution sped up by multiplicity, or by accretion variability leading to episodes of crystal formation. Different inclinations with respect to the line of sight may play a role as well, although it is very unlikely that they are the sole element for the differences between both objects.
Time-dependent data-driven coronal simulations of AR 12673 from emergence to eruption
Authors: Price D. J. , Pomoell J. , Lumme E. , Kilpua E. K. J. 
Published: July 2019

Aims. We present a detailed study of the magnetic evolution of AR 12673 using a magnetofrictional modelling approach.
Methods. The fully data-driven and time-dependent model was driven with maps of the photospheric electric field, inverted from vector magnetogram observations obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Our analysis was aided by studying the evolution of metrics such as the free magnetic energy and the current-carrying helicity budget of the domain, maps of the squashing factor and twist, and plots of the current density. These allowed us to better understand the dynamic nature of the magnetic topology.
Results. Our simulation captured the time-dependent nature of the active region and the erupting flux rope associated with the X-class flares on 6 September 2017, including the largest of solar cycle 24. Additionally, our results suggest a possible threshold for eruptions in the ratio of current-carrying helicity to relative helicity.
Conclusion. The flux rope was found to be a combination of two structures that partially combine during the eruption process. Our time-dependent data-driven magnetofrictional model is shown to be capable of generating magnetic fields consistent with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations.
GG Tauri A: dark shadows on the ringworld
Authors: Brauer R. , Pantin E. , Di Folco E. , Habart E. , Dutrey A. , Guilloteau S. 
Published: July 2019

Context. With its high complexity, large size, and close distance, the ringworld around GG Tau A is an appealing case to study the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks around multiple star systems. However, investigations with radiative transfer models usually neglect the influence of the circumstellar dust around the individual stars.
Aims. We investigate how circumstellar disks around the stars of GG Tau A influence the emission that is scattered at the circumbinary disk and if constraints on these circumstellar disks can be derived.
Methods. We performed radiative transfer simulations with the POLArized RadIation Simulator (POLARIS) to obtain spectral energy distributions and emission maps in the H-Band (near-infrared). Subsequently, we compared them with observations to achieve our aims.
Results. We studied the ratio of polarized intensity at different locations in the circumbinary disk. We conclude that the observed scattered-light near-infrared emission is best reproduced if the circumbinary disk lies in the shadow of at least two coplanar circumstellar disks surrounding the central stars. This implies that the inner wall of the circumbinary disk is strongly obscured around the midplane, while the observed emission is actually dominated by the upper-most disk layers. In addition, the inclined dark lane (“gap”) on the western side of the circumbinary disk, which has been a stable, nonrotating, feature for approximately 20 yr, can only be explained by the self-shadowing of a misaligned circumstellar disk surrounding one of the two components of the secondary close-binary star GG Tau Ab.
Measurement of the polarisation in the auroral N2+ 427.8 nm band
Authors: Barthelemy Mathieu , Lamy Hervé , Vialatte Anne , Johnsen Magnar Gullikstad , Cessateur Gaël , Zaourar Naïma 
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we provide for the first time polarisation measurements of the N+2 band at 427.8 nm performed with Premier Cru, a dedicated spectropolarimeter to investigate the polarisation of auroral emission lines between 400 and 700 nm. Details about the instrument, the observing conditions and the data analysis procedure are provided. Results obtained during three nights in March 2017 in Skibotn, Norway, indicate that the auroral blue line is polarised with a degree of linear polarisation of a few %. Due to weak Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR), these measurements still need to be taken with caution since none of the individual data set has a detection with a 3σ confidence level. However, results integrated over the entire observing period each night do show a 3σ detection but due to the long integration period, the origin of this polarisation cannot be linked to a specific type of aurora (diffuse vs structured arc) or specific ionospheric or geomagnetic conditions. These observations need to be confirmed with an improved design to increase the SNR and decrease the exposure time. When available, these improved measurements of the blue line polarisation will be important to better understand the physics of auroral processes at altitudes below 100 km where the N2+ emission occurs and possibly for space weather applications if the polarisation varies with ionospheric/geomagnetic conditions.
Predicting well-connected SEP events from observations of solar EUVs and energetic protons
Authors: Núñez Marlon , Nieves-Chinchilla Teresa , Pulkkinen Antti 
Published: July 2019

This study shows a quantitative assessment of the use of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) observations in the prediction of Solar Energetic Proton (SEP) events. The UMASEP scheme (Space Weather, 9, S07003, 2011; 13, 2015, 807–819) forecasts the occurrence and the intensity of the first hours of SEP events. In order to predict well-connected events, this scheme correlates Solar Soft X-rays (SXR) with differential proton fluxes of the GOES satellites. In this study, we explore the use of the EUV time history from GOES-EUVS and SDO-AIA instruments in the UMASEP scheme. This study presents the results of the prediction of the occurrence of well-connected >10 MeV SEP events, for the period from May 2010 to December 2017, in terms of Probability of Detection (POD), False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Critical Success Index (CSI), and the average and median of the warning times. The UMASEP/EUV-based models were calibrated using GOES and SDO data from May 2010 to October 2014, and validated using out-of-sample SDO data from November 2014 to December 2017. The best results were obtained by those models that used EUV data in the range 50–340 Å. We conclude that the UMASEP/EUV-based models yield similar or better POD results, and similar or worse FAR results, than those of the current real-time UMASEP/SXR-based model. The reason for the higher POD of the UMASEP/EUV-based models in the range 50–340 Å, was due to the high percentage of successful predictions of well-connected SEP events associated with <C4 flares and behind-the-limb flares, which amounted to 25% of all the well-connected events during the period May 2010 to December 2017. By using all the available data (2010–2017), this study also concluded that the simultaneous use of SXRs and EUVs in 94 Å in the UMASEP-10 tool for predicting all >10 MeV SEP events, improves the overall performance, obtaining a POD of 92.9% (39/42) compared with 81% (34/42) of the current tool, and a slightly worse FAR of 31.6% (18/57) compared with 29.2% (14/58) of the current tool.
Plasma patches inside the polar cap and auroral oval: the impact on the spaceborne GPS receiver
Authors: Xiong Chao , Yin Fan , Luo Xiaomin , Jin Yaqi , Wan Xin 
Published: July 2019

In this study, we focus on plasma patches with very dense plasma in the southern hemisphere during the main phase of 2015 St. Patrick’s Day storm. With in situ electron densities exceeding 1.5 × 1012 m−3at 450–500 km altitude, the patches cause strong signal outages of the global positioning system (GPS) receivers on board Swarm satellites. By using the field-aligned currents derived from the Swarm magnetic measurements, we determined whether the satellites fly inside the auroral oval or not. Different influences on the spaceborne GPS receiver are seen when these patches are located at different latitude regions, e.g., inside the polar cap or auroral oval. The simultaneously measurements of 2 Hz electron density as well as 50 Hz magnetic signatures from Swarm show that when large-scale polar cap patches transported from dayside lower latitude entering the cusp region, irregularities with much finer scale-size are generated; associated with various instabilities inside the cusp region, the small-scale irregularities cause much more severe influence on the GPS signals. This is the first direct evidence to show that when plasma patches are located inside the cusp region, the spaceborne receiver experiences stronger outage of GPS signals.
Intestinales Mikrobiom und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen
Authors: Steffen Hans-Michael , Demir Münevver 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAging, physical activity, bodyweight and diet are well established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. For all of these factors a great impact on the intestinal microbiome has been described. The current review will discuss available data regarding the role of the gut microbiome in regulating blood pressure, vascular function and its possible contribution to atherosclerosis and heart failure.
Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training
Authors: Dolezal Brett A. , Boland David M. , Neufeld Eric V. , Martin Jennifer L. , Cooper Christopher B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBehavioral modification (BM) is a strategy designed to sustain or restore well-being through effects such as enhanced relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Few studies have explored the role of BM delivered in the context of fitness programs for healthy adults. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine whether BM combined with aerobic and resistance training programs would improve health and fitness measures more than the exercise training alone. Thirty-two healthy fitness club members (19 men) were randomized to receive a BM program (n=15) or an equal-attention (EA) control (n=17). BM consisted of twelve, 10-min education sessions between a trained fitness professional and the participant, coupled with weekly, individualized relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep improvement assignments. All participants engaged in 1 h of coached resistance training and remotely guided aerobic exercise thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Fitness measures (aerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, lower-body power), sleep characteristics, and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week program. BM resulted in greater improvements in aerobic performance (increased maximum oxygen uptake, metabolic (lactate) threshold, and percent of maximum oxygen uptake at which metabolic threshold occurred), peak and average lower-body power, and body composition (decreased body fat percentage and fat mass) compared to EA. BM also positively influenced parasympathetic tone through increased High-frequency HRV. BM resulted in greater improvements in fitness measures, body composition, and heart rate variability compared with EA. These findings have intriguing implications regarding the role of BM in augmenting health and physical performance.
The effects of Virtual Reality Training with Upper Limb Sensory
Exercise Stimulation on the AROM of Upper Limb Joints, Function, and
Concentration in Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kim Dong Hoon , Kim Kyung-Hun , Lee Suk-Min 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective We investigated the effect of upper limb sensory stimulation
and virtual reality rehabilitation (SMVR) on upper extremity active joint angle,
function and cognitive ability in chronic stroke patients.
Methods A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into SMVR group and
CON group. SMVR group was performed 60 min three times a week for 8
weeks in upper limb sensory stimulation and robot virtual reality
rehabilitation. CON group performed conservative treatment and peripheral joint
movement for 60 min. The upper limb function was measured by the
Jebsen-Taylor hand function test (JTT) and the cognitive ability test was
performed by the Stroop test (ST) and Trail making test (TMT).
Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between
before and after training in both groups, and SMVR group showed significant
improvement in both groups.
Conclusions In this study, we confirmed that robot virtual reality
training in combination with limb motion stimulation for stroke patients
positively affects the angle, function, and concentration of upper extremity
active joints in chronic stroke patients.
Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow-up of Vaginal Cancer and Its Precursors. Guideline of the DGGG and the DKG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 032/042, October 2018)
Authors: Schnürch Hans-Georg , Ackermann Sven , Alt-Radtke Celine D. , Angleitner Lukas , Barinoff Jana , Beckmann Matthias W. , Böing Carsten , Dannecker Christian , Fehm Tanja , Gaase Rüdiger , Gass Paul , Gebhardt Marion , Gieseking Friederike , Günthert Andreas , Hack Carolin C. , Hantschmann Peer , Horn Lars Christian , Koch Martin C. , Letsch Anne , Mallmann Peter , Mangold Bernhard , Marnitz Simone , Mehlhorn Grit , Paradies Kerstin , Reinhardt Michael J. , Tholen Reina , Torsten Uwe , Weikel Wolfgang , Wölber Linn , Hampl Monika 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose This is an official guideline, published and coordinated by the Gynecological Oncology Working Group (AGO) of the German Cancer Society (DKG) and the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). Vaginal cancers are rare tumors, which is why there is very little evidence on these tumors. Knowledge about the optimal clinical management is limited. This first German S2k guideline on vaginal cancer has aimed to compile the most current expert knowledge and offer new recommendations on the appropriate treatment as well as providing pointers about individually adapted therapies with lower morbidity rates than were previously generally available. The purpose of this guideline is also to set up a register to record data on treatment data and the course of disease as a means of obtaining evidence in future.
Methods The present S2k guideline was developed by members of the Vulvar und Vaginal Tumors Commission of the AGO in an independently moderated, structured, formal consensus process and the contents were agreed with the mandate holders of the participating scientific societies and organizations.
Recommendations To optimize the daily care of patients with vaginal cancer: 1. Monitor the spread pattern; 2. Follow the step-by-step diagnostic workup based on initial stage at detection; 3. As part of individualized clinical therapeutic management of vaginal cancer, follow the sentinel lymph node protocol described here, where possible; 4. Participate in the register study on vaginal cancer.
Lehrerbasierte Gesundheitsförderung bei Grundschulkindern in Baden-Württemberg: Effekte auf Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit und Inzidenz abdominaler Adipositas
Authors: Kobel Susanne , Kesztyüs Dorothea , Steinacker Jürgen Michael 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Gesundheitsförderung sollte früh beginnen. Vielen Präventionsprogrammen fehlt der Nachweis der Effektivität. Ein Programm, das einen aktiven und gesunden Lebensstil von Grundschulkindern fördert, ist „Komm mit in das gesunde Boot“.
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Wirkung der einjährigen schulbasierten Intervention auf Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit und Inzidenz abdominaler Adipositas der Kinder in einer clusterrandomisierten Studie.
Methodik Daten von 1739 Kindern (7,1±0,6 Jahre) lagen zu beiden Messzeitpunkten vor. Hintergrundvariablen wurden in Elternfragebögen erfasst. Die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit (6-Minuten-Lauf) und anthropometrischen Daten wurden vor Ort erfasst. Kinder mit einem Bauchumfang-Körpergrößenverhältnis (WHtR) ≥0,5 wurden als abdominal adipös eingestuft. Die Differenz der Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit und die Inzidenz abdominaler Adipositas zwischen den Messzeitpunkten wurden berechnet und in einfachen sowie hierarchischen Regressionsmodellen unter Berücksichtigung des Schuleffekts analysiert.
Ergebnisse Adjustiert auf Geschlecht und Klassenstufe war die Differenz in gelaufenen Metern in der Interventionsgruppe nach einem Jahr signifikant größer (70,5±128,6 m vs. 59,2±106,6 m, n=1708). Nach Berücksichtigung der Datenclusterung in Schulen ging die Signifikanz jedoch verloren. Die Chancen (engl. Odds) für die Entwicklung abdominaler Adipositas in der Interventionsgruppe waren nach Adjustierung auf Geschlecht, Klassenstufe, Baseline WHtR und Nicht-Frühstücken um mehr als die Hälfte verringert (Odds Ratio=0,48, 95% KI [0,25; 0,94], n=1535).
Schlussfolgerung Kinder sollten von klein auf lernen, gesunde Entscheidungen zu treffen. Mit der Prävention abdominaler Adipositas als Indikator zeichnet sich diese Intervention als effektive Gesundheitsförderung aus.
Diagnostik und Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms
Authors: Hartmann Daniel , Kaufmann Benedikt , Bauer Ulrike , Ehmer Ursula , Geisler Fabian , Geith Tobias , Braren Rickmer , Paprottka Philipp , Hüser Norbert 
Published: July 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTrotz großer Fortschritte in der Diagnostik sowie der systemischen und chirurgischen Therapie belegt das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) den vierten Platz unter den tumorassoziierten Todesfällen. Der diagnostische Stellenwert der Ultraschalluntersuchung der Leber besteht in erster Linie in der HCC-Früherkennung bei Risikopatienten. Die histologische Sicherung eines HCCs ist in der nicht-zirrhotischen Leber bzw. im Falle unklarer Bildgebungsbefunde erforderlich. Die Computertomografie (CT) ermöglicht im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) eine schnelle Untersuchung. Es sind Anzahl, Lokalisation und Größe der Tumorknoten sowie deren Bezug zu Pfortader und Lebervenen zu beschreiben. Die prätherapeutische Planung erfordert eine exakte Segmentzuordnung. Die Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms ist abhängig vom Stadium der Tumorerkrankung. In Europa und den USA sind die BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer)-Kriterien für die Stadieneinteilung etabliert. Der operative Eingriff wird vor dem Hintergrund patientenspezifischer, klinischer Gesichtspunkte sowohl durch den Grad einer vorliegenden Leberzirrhose als auch durch das Stadium der Tumorerkrankung bestimmt. Grundsätzlich besteht für das HCC neben der Resektion auch die Möglichkeit einer Lebertransplantation. Im fortgeschrittenen HCC (BCLC C) mit Gefäßeinbruch des Tumors oder Metastasierung besteht die Indikation zur systemischen Tumortherapie. Bis heute sind Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren beim fortgeschrittenen HCC (BCLC C) sowie im intermediären Stadium nach Progress unter lokoregionärer Therapie die einzig zugelassenen Erst- und Zweitlinientherapeutika in Europa. Der VEGFR2-Antikörper Ramucirumab ist das erste Präparat für eine individualisierte, Biomarker-abhängige Tumortherapie beim HCC. Große Hoffnung für die Therapie des HCCs liegt in der Immuntherapie mittels Checkpoint-Inhibitoren.
Ankle-Brachial Index as a Predictor for Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Manchikanti Lakshmi Lasya , Taranikanti Madhuri , Dronamraju Akhila , Bala Sudha , Guntuka Rohith Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim Menopausal women are at an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases due to ovarian failure with estrogen deficiency. Redistribution of fat leading to abdominal obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Prevalence of PAD in women is similar or even higher than men, especially after menopause. ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a gold standard technique to diagnose PAD and acts as an independent prognostic marker to identify patients with high cardiovascular risk. This study aims to compare the ABI between pre- and postmenopausal women and to show that routine use of ABI as a screening tool can be valuable in predicting mortality and morbidity from heart diseases in peri- and postmenopausal women.
Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was done on a total of 107 women with no prior medical diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and history of smoking. Fifty pre- and 57 postmenopausal women were included in this study. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. ABI was calculated by measuring the systolic pressures at posterior tibial artery and brachial artery, as per the protocols using digital data acquisition system.
Results BMI in postmenopausal women was significantly higher with p = 0.0023. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in postmenopausal women (p = 0.000001), and ABI was found to be significantly lower in postmenopausal women particularly on the left side.
Conclusion ABI serves as an efficient indicator of PAD. It becomes necessary to understand the progression of PAD as its presence can increase the risk of mortality and morbidity from CAD. Early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease through simple techniques such as ABI measurement would provide scope for early interventional strategies.