bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivation and validation of a new score to predict long‐term survival after sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Gupta Aman , Ladejobi Adetola , Munir Mohammad Bilal , Pasupula Deepak Kumar , Bhonsale Aditya , Kancharla Krishna , Wang Norman C. , Jain Sandeep , Saba Samir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is insufficient information about the long‐term prognosis of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors. We therefore derived a clinical score (Sudden Cardiac Arrest—mortality score, SCA—MS) that predicts long‐term mortality in patients surviving to hospital discharge and validated it in an independent cohort of SCA survivors.MethodsA total of 1433 SCA survivors data were collected, who were discharged from the hospitals of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between 2002 and 2012. The overall cohort was randomly divided into two near equal cohorts used for the derivation and validation of the SCA—MS, respectively.ResultsThe derivation cohort included 768 patients and identified serum potassium level>4.2 mg/dL at admission, the presence of atrial fibrillation at any time during the index hospitalization, and the presence of asystole or pulseless electrical activity as the initial documented rhythm as independent predictors of long‐term mortality. Based on the multivariable modeling result, one point was assigned to each one of these variables to create the SCA—MS that ranged from 0 to 3. In the validation cohort, the SCA—MS was predictive of long‐term mortality (hazards ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.50‐1.91, P < 0.001) per 1‐point increment in the SCA—MS.ConclusionsWe describe a new clinical score that predicts long‐term survival after SCA based on serum potassium levels at the admission, presence of atrial fibrillation, and documented rhythm of SCA.
THE SIMPLE ARGUMENT FOR SUBCLASSICAL LOGIC
Authors: Beall Jc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a simple but, by my lights, effective argument for a subclassical account of logic—an account according to which logical consequence is (properly) weaker than the standard, so‐called classical account. Alas, the vast bulk of the paper is setup. Because of the many conflicting uses of ‘logic’ the paper begins, following a disclaimer on logic and inference, by fixing the sense of ‘logic’ in question, and then proceeds to rehearse both the target subclassical account of logic and its well‐known relative (viz., classical logic). With background in place the simple argument—which takes up less than five pages—is advanced. My hope is that the minimal presentation will help to get ‘the simple argument’ plainly on the table, and that subsequent debate can move us forward.
Relations between the blood lead level and metabolic syndrome risk factors
Authors: Park Yoon‐Jin , Jung Yoomi , Oh Chung‐Uk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study is to examine the relations between the blood lead level, which has an effect on lipid metabolism in the body, and metabolic syndrome to establish a basic reference for the development of a local community health management program.Design and SampleThis study is a descriptive correlational study about verifying the relation between the blood lead level and metabolic syndrome risk factors. A total of 2,833 respondents’ data were sampled on the 1st year (2016) data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).MeasuresThe data were analyzed to explore blood lead level differences by demographic characteristics, correlations between the blood lead level and metabolic syndrome risk factors using chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and binary logistic regression.ResultsSystolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides (TG), and FBS demonstrated a significant difference by blood lead level (p < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and FBS and TG levels were positively correlated with blood lead level (p < 0.005), whereas high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was negatively correlated (r = −0.038, p < 0.005).ConclusionThis study confirmed that the blood lead level was significantly correlated with all metabolic syndrome variables.
Applying Moral Foundations Theory to Identify Terrorist Group Motivations
Authors: Hahn Lindsay , Tamborini Ron , Novotny Eric , Grall Clare , Klebig Brian 
Published: October 2018

Previous research distinguishing terrorist groups has employed categorical schemes that are (1) ideologically broad and ambiguous (e.g., right‐wing versus left‐wing) or (2) focused on single‐issues (e.g., guns, abortion). Broad schemes often fail to clearly distinguish groups’ motivations, and single‐issue schemes provide no coherent theoretical structure for understanding terrorist behavior. To address these limitations, we applied the conceptual framework of moral foundations theory (MFT) to derive a content‐analytic scheme identifying universal instincts we term “moral motivations.” We then applied this scheme to classify descriptions found in the Profiles of Perpetrators of Terrorism in the United States, an open‐sourced dataset providing information on terrorist organizations that committed violence on U.S. soil. Analyses examined how terrorist‐group activities are associated with specific moral motivations in order to distinguish dominant motives among different groups. Results showed that extremist right‐wing, religious, and ethno‐nationalist/separatist ideologies were associated with the binding motivations of loyalty, authority, and purity. Extremist left‐wing and single‐issue ideologies were associated with the individualizing motivations of care and fairness. These findings are discussed regarding the value of using MFT’s motivations to distinguish terrorist groups and how describing their moral motivations might advance efforts to curtail their activities.
Consciousness and no self?
Authors: Watzl Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhenomenal consciousness, what it is like for each particular subject, seems to be at the heart of subjectivity and the primary home of the self. But is there in fact a role for the self in phenomenal consciousness? According to the phenomenal no‐self challenge, reflection on the character of phenomenal consciousness reveals no self and no subjectivity. I articulate an argument for this challenge based on the transparency of conscious experience. I then respond to this argument and show that there is an aspect of phenomenal consciousness that the challengers miss. This aspect is active attention. In active attention, in particular in the ability to actively resist distractions, consciousness reveals an agential self: the experiencer is phenomenally manifest as an active power. I further show that the subject’s active role in experience is plausibly present in every form of experience.
Gold Mineralization in Izu Peninsula, Central Japan, during Crustal Extension in Response to Double Subduction
Authors: Hattori Keiko , Kano Ken‐ichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIzu Peninsula in central Japan, the northern tip of the Izu‐Bonin arc, hosts numerous epithermal Au–Ag vein deposits of low‐sulfidation style. All have similar vein textures, mineralogy, and alteration. Geochemical data from fluid inclusions in vein quartz, the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of alteration, and stable isotope data indicate that auriferous hydrothermal activity occurred under subaerial conditions. The K–Ar ages of auriferous vein minerals are <1.5 Ma, indicating that the mineralization took place after extensive submarine volcanism for the host rocks. These observations suggest that Au–Ag mineralization was synchronous with the development of an extensional regime of the Izu block after its collision with the Honshu arc after 1.5 Ma. This collision resulted in the shifting of the Izu block far from the trench to the rear position, and the subduction of the Izu block along the Suruga trough to the west and along the Sagami trough to the east. The reararc position of the Izu block and double subduction resulted in crustal extension, upwelling of asthenospheric mantle, and tholeiitic magmatism reflected by mafic dyke swarms and subsequent monogenetic volcanic activity in the Izu peninsula. The timing of the Au mineralization in the Izu Peninsula during the beginning of lithospheric extension is similar to that of the Sado Au–Ag deposit on Sado island in the Japan Sea. Two mineralization events coincide with extensive tholeiitic mafic volcanism and injections of dyke swarms related to the back‐arc opening of the Japan Sea. The geological setting of the Au–Ag mineralization in Izu and Sado is also similar to that of the epithermal Au–Ag deposits in northern Nevada, where mineralization was contemporaneous with crustal extension and tholeiitic mafic magmatism derived from the asthenospheric mantle. This study suggests that epithermal Au mineralization at shallow crustal depths is a product of large‐scale lithospheric evolution.
Domestic and export performances of French firms
Authors: Bardaji José , Bricongne Jean‐Charles , Campagne Benoît , Gaulier Guillaume 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe French trade balance deteriorated almost continuously from the late 1990s to the early 2010s. At the macroeconomic level, French export market share deteriorated while domestic sales kept pace with domestic demand. Does this assessment apply to individual firms? Using microlevel data for French industrial firms over the period 2002–12, we explore the link between domestic and export sales. We show that export and domestic sales have a tendency, albeit slight, to move in opposite directions. This may be due to factors such as deliberate strategies to target a specific market or the presence of production constraints. Addressing the resulting endogeneity issue, our analysis shows that a positive demand shock in the domestic market also leads to an increase in exports. In particular, a 10% increase in domestic demand leads to a 4% increase in exports. This complementarity between markets seems to be driven by small firms and could reflect the existence of liquidity constraints. Increased sales in one market could lessen these constraints by facilitating funding for company development in the export market.
Forced Response Sensitivity Analysis Using an Adjoint Harmonic Balance Solver
Authors: Engels-Putzka Anna , Backhaus Jan , Frey Christian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the development and initial application of an adjoint harmonic balance (HB) solver. The HB method is a numerical method formulated in the frequency domain which is particularly suitable for the simulation of periodic unsteady flow phenomena in turbomachinery. Successful applications of this method include unsteady aerodynamics as well as aeroacoustics and aeroelasticity. Here, we focus on forced response due to the interaction of neighboring blade rows. In the simulation-based design and optimization of turbomachinery components, it is often helpful to be able to compute not only the objective values—e.g., performance data of a component—themselves but also their sensitivities with respect to variations of the geometry. An efficient way to compute such sensitivities for a large number of geometric changes is the application of the adjoint method. While this is frequently used in the context of steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it becomes prohibitively expensive for unsteady simulations in the time domain. For unsteady methods in the frequency domain, the use of adjoint solvers is feasible but still challenging. The present approach employs the reverse mode of algorithmic differentiation (AD) to construct a discrete adjoint of an existing HB solver in the framework of an industrially applied CFD code. The paper discusses implementational issues as well as the performance of the adjoint solver, in particular regarding memory requirements. The presented method is applied to compute the sensitivities of aeroelastic objectives with respect to geometric changes in a turbine stage.
Aerodynamic Optimization Design of Airfoil Shape Using Entropy Generation as an Objective
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jun , Yang Xiao-Pei , Ding Yan-Yan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An entropy analysis and design optimization methodology is combined with airfoil shape optimization to demonstrate the impact of entropy generation on aerodynamics designs. In the work herein, the entropy generation rate is presented as an extra design objective along with lift-drag ratio, while the lift coefficient is the constraint. Model equation, which calculates the local entropy generation rate in turbulent flows, is derived by extending the Reynolds-averaging of entropy balance equation. The class-shape function transform (CST) parametric method is used to model the airfoil configuration and combine the radial basis functions (RBFs) based mesh deformation technique with flow solver to compute the quantities such as lift-drag ratio and entropy generation at the design condition. From the multi-objective solutions which represent the best trade-offs between the design objectives, one can select a set of airfoil shapes with a low relative energy cost and with improved aerodynamic performance. It can be concluded that the methodology of entropy generation analysis is an effective tool in the aerodynamic optimization design of airfoil shape with the capability of determining the amount of energy cost.
Structural mapping of rock walls imaged with a LiDAR mounted on an unmanned aircraft system
Authors: McAnuff Connor , Samson Claire , Melanson Dave , Polowick Christopher , Bethell Erin 
Published: October 2018

Structural mapping of rock walls to determine fracture orientation provides critical geological information in support of mining operations. A helicopter-style UAS (rotor diameter 2 m; take-off mass 35 kg; payload mass 11 kg) instrumented with a high-resolution LiDAR imaged a 75 m long and 10–15 m high series of four adjacent rock walls at the Canadian Wollastonite mine. A point cloud with a density of 484 point/m2 acquired at an angle of incidence of ∼41.7° from a flight altitude of 41.7 m above ground level was selected for structural mapping. The point cloud was first meshed using the Poisson surface reconstruction method and then remeshed to achieve an even element size distribution. Visualization of the remeshed Poisson mesh using a 360° hue–saturation–lightness colour wheel highlighted areas of higher fracture density, whereas visualization using a 180° colour wheel accentuated sliver-like geological features. Two joint sets were identified at 156/82 and 241/86 (strike/dip in degrees). A total of 18 virtual strike measurements and 13 virtual dip measurements were within 10% of manual compass measurements. This study demonstrated that the task of structural mapping of large rock walls can be automated by processing 3D images acquired with a LiDAR mounted on a UAS.
The Ewing Family of Tumors Relies on BCL-2 and BCL-XL to Escape PARP Inhibitor Toxicity
Authors: Heisey Daniel A.R. , Lochmann Timothy L. , Floros Konstantinos V. , Coon Colin M. , Powell Krista M. , Jacob Sheeba , Calbert Marissa L. , Ghotra Maninderjit S. , Stein Giovanna T. , Maves Yuki Kato , Smith Steven C. , Benes Cyril H. , Leverson Joel D. , Souers Andrew J. , Boikos Sosipatros A. , Faber Anthony C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
It was recently demonstrated that the EWSR1-FLI1 t(11;22)(q24;12) translocation contributes to the hypersensitivity of Ewing sarcoma to PARP inhibitors, prompting clinical evaluation of olaparib in a cohort of heavily pretreated Ewing sarcoma tumors. Unfortunately, olaparib activity was disappointing, suggesting an underappreciated resistance mechanism to PARP inhibition in patients with Ewing sarcoma. We sought to elucidate the resistance factors to PARP inhibitor therapy in Ewing sarcoma and identify a rational drug combination capable of rescuing PARP inhibitor activity.

Experimental Design:
We employed a pair of cell lines derived from the same patient with Ewing sarcoma prior to and following chemotherapy, a panel of Ewing sarcoma cell lines, and several patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line xenograft models.

Results:
We found olaparib sensitivity was diminished following chemotherapy. The matched cell line pair revealed increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2 in the chemotherapy-resistant cells, conferring apoptotic resistance to olaparib. Resistance to olaparib was maintained in this chemotherapy-resistant model in vivo, whereas the addition of the BCL-2/XL inhibitor navitoclax led to tumor growth inhibition. In 2 PDXs, olaparib and navitoclax were minimally effective as monotherapy, yet induced dramatic tumor growth inhibition when dosed in combination. We found that EWS-FLI1 increases BCL-2 expression; however, inhibition of BCL-2 alone by venetoclax is insufficient to sensitize Ewing sarcoma cells to olaparib, revealing a dual necessity for BCL-2 and BCL-XL in Ewing sarcoma survival.

Conclusions:
These data reveal BCL-2 and BCL-XL act together to drive olaparib resistance in Ewing sarcoma and reveal a novel, rational combination therapy that may be put forward for clinical trial testing.
Anti-PD-1 Antibody SHR-1210 Combined with Apatinib for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Gastric, or Esophagogastric Junction Cancer: An Open-label, Dose Escalation and Expansion Study
Authors: Xu Jianming , Zhang Yun , Jia Ru , Yue Chunyan , Chang Lianpeng , Liu Rongrui , Zhang Gairong , Zhao Chuanhua , Zhang Yaoyue , Chen Chunxia , Wang Yan , Yi Xin , Hu Zhiyuan , Zou Jianjun , Wang Quanren 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
This study assessed the safety and efficacy of SHR-1210 (anti-PD-1 antibody) and apatinib (VEGFR2 inhibitor) as combination therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric, or esophagogastric junction cancer (GC/EGJC).

Patients and Methods:
This was an open-label, dose-escalation (phase Ia) and expansion study (phase Ib). In phase Ia, patients (n = 15) received SHR-1210 200 mg every 2 weeks and apatinib 125–500 mg once daily until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. In phase Ib, patients (n = 28) received apatinib at the phase Ia–identified recommended phase II dose (RP2D) plus SHR-1210. The primary objectives were safety and tolerability and RP2D determination.

Results:
At data cutoff, 43 patients were enrolled. In phase Ia, four dose-limiting toxicity events were observed (26.7%): one grade 3 lipase elevation (6.7%) in the apatinib 250 mg cohort and three grade 3 pneumonitis events (20%) in the apatinib 500 mg cohort. The maximum tolerated RP2D for apatinib was 250 mg. Of the 33 patients treated with the R2PD combination, 20 (60.6%) experienced a grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse event; adverse events in ≥10% of patients were hypertension (15.2%) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (15.2%). The objective response rate in 39 evaluable patients was 30.8% (95% CI: 17.0%–47.6%). Eight of 16 evaluable HCC patients achieved a partial response (50.0%, 95% CI: 24.7%–75.4%).

Conclusions:
SHR-1210 and apatinib combination therapy demonstrated manageable toxicity in patients with HCC and GC/EGJC at recommended single-agent doses of both drugs. The RP2D for apatinib as combination therapy was 250 mg, which showed encouraging clinical activity in patients with advanced HCC.
On Use of the Standard Deviation of the Mass Distribution as a Parameter in Raindrop Size Distribution Functions
Authors: Smith Paul L. , Johnson Roger W. , Kliche Donna V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUse of the standard deviation σm of the drop mass distribution as one of the three parameters of raindrop size distribution (DSD) functions was introduced for application to disdrometer data supporting the Global Precipitation Measurement dual-frequency radar system. The other two parameters are a normalized drop number concentration Nw and the mass-weighted mean diameter Dm. This paper presents an evaluation of that formulation of the DSD functions, in two parts. First is a mathematical analysis showing that the procedure for estimating σm, along with the other DSD parameters, from disdrometer data is in essence another moment method. As such, it is subject to the biases and errors inherent in all moment methods. When the form of the DSD function is specified, it is inferior (like all moment methods) to the maximum likelihood technique for fitting parameters to sampled data. The second part is a series of sampling simulations illustrating the biases and errors involved in applying the formulation to the specific case of gamma DSDs. It leads to underestimates of σm and consequently to overestimates of the gamma shape parameter—with large root-mean-square errors. Comparison with maximum likelihood estimates shows the degree of improvement that could be obtained in the estimates of the shape parameter. The propensity to underestimate σm will be pervasive, and users of this DSD formulation should be cognizant of the biases and errors that can occur.
Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy as a Salvage Therapy for Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas: Single-Center Experience
Authors: Reynaud Thomas , Bertaut Aurélie , Farah Walid , Thibouw David , Crehange Gilles , Truc Gilles , Vulquin Noémie 
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the survival outcomes and safety of hypofractioned stereotactic radiotherapy as a salvage treatment for recurrent high-grade glioma. Patients and Methods: Between March 2012 and March 2017, 32 consecutive patients (12 women, 20 men) treated in a single center were retrospectively included in this study. Grade III gliomas were diagnosed in 14 patients and grade IV in 18 patients. Thirty-four lesions were treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy on a linear accelerator. Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy delivered a median dose of 30 Gy (27-30) in 6 fractions (3-6) of 5 Gy (5-9). The treatment plans were normalized to 100% at the isocenter and prescribed to the 80% isodose line. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: Median follow-up was 20.9 months. Median overall survival following hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy was 15.6 months (median overall survival for patients with glioblastoma and grade III glioma was 8.2 and 19.5 months, respectively; P = .0496) and progression-free survival was 3.7 months (median progression-free survival for patients with glioblastoma and grade III glioma was 3.6 and 4.5 months, respectively; P = .2424). In multivariate analysis, tumor grade III ( P = .0027), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status <2 at the time of reirradiation ( P = .0023), and a mean dose >35 Gy ( P = .0055) significantly improved overall survival. A maximum reirradiation dose above 38 Gy ( P = .0179) was significantly associated with longer progression-free survival. Conclusion: Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is well tolerated and offers an effective salvage option for the treatment of recurrent high-grade gliomas with encouraging overall survival. Our results suggest that the dose distribution had an impact on survival.