bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of age‐ and amyloid β‐associated cortical atrophy in older adults with superior memory performance
Authors: Dang Christa , Yassi Nawaf , Harrington Karra D. , Xia Ying , Lim Yen Ying , Ames David , Laws Simon M. , Hickey Martha , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Doecke James D. , Fripp Jurgen , Salvado Olivier , Snyder Peter J. , Weinborn Michael , Villemagne Victor L. , Rowe Christopher C. , Masters Colin L. , Maruff Paul ,   AIBL Research Group, Chambers Brian , Chiu Edmond , Clarnette Roger , Darby David , Davison Mary , Drago John , Drysdale Peter , Gilbert Jacqueline , Lim Kwang , Lautenschlager Nicola , LoGiudice Dina , McCardle Peter , McFarlane Steve , Mander Alastair , Merory John , O'Connor Daniel , Scholes Ron , Samuel Mathew , Trivedi Darshan , Woodward Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSuperior cognitive performance in older adults may reflect underlying resistance to age‐associated neurodegeneration. While elevated amyloid β (Aβ) deposition (Aβ+) has been associated with increased cortical atrophy, it remains unknown whether “SuperAgers” may be protected from Aβ‐associated neurodegeneration.MethodsNeuropsychologically defined SuperAgers (n = 172) and cognitively normal for age (n = 172) older adults from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle study were case matched. Rates of cortical atrophy over 8 years were examined by SuperAger classification and Aβ status.ResultsOf the case‐matched SuperAgers and cognitively normal for age older adults, 40.7% and 40.1%, respectively, were Aβ+. Rates of age‐ and Aβ‐associated atrophy did not differ between the groups on any measure. Aβ− individuals displayed the slowest rates of atrophy.DiscussionMaintenance of superior memory in late life does not reflect resistance to age‐ or Aβ‐associated atrophy. However, those individuals who reached old age without cognitive impairment nor elevated Aβ deposition (i.e. Aβ−) displayed reduced rates of cortical atrophy.
Neuropsychological latent classes at enrollment and postmortem neuropathology
Authors: Zammit Andrea R. , Hall Charles B. , Bennett David A. , Ezzati Ali , Katz Mindy J. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe classified individuals based on their baseline performance on cognitive measures and investigated the association between cognitive classifications and neuropathological findings ∼7 years later, as an external validator.MethodsBrain autopsies of 779 decedents were examined. Baseline latent class analysis on 10 neuropsychological measures was previously assigned: mixed‐domains impairment (n = 39, 5%), memory‐specific impairment (n = 210, 27%), frontal impairment (n = 113, 14.5%), average cognition (n = 360, 46.2%), and superior cognition (n = 57, 7.3%). Linear regressions and risks ratios were used to examine the relation of latent class assignment at enrollment with neuropathological indices.ResultsAmyloid β, tau, and transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 were associated with mixed‐domains impairment and memory‐specific impairment classes ∼7 years before death. Moderate arteriolosclerosis was associated with membership in the frontal impairment class.DiscussionOur findings support the use of latent class models that incorporate more comprehensive neuropsychological measures to classify cognitive impairment.
Laïcité, sociologie et histoire contemporaine de l’islam
Authors: McDougall James 
Published: August 2019

RésumésCet article propose de donner un nouveau cadre à l’histoire de l’islam auxxe siècle en repensant sa relation avec certaines catégories dominantes de la sociologie, notamment avec la thèse de la sécularisation. L’histoire mondiale de l’islam depuis la fin duxixe siècle a été façonnée par un paradoxe apparent entre deux de ses caractéristiques les plus significatives. La première a consisté en des appels persistants au renouveau, à la réforme et à l’unité des musulmans à travers le monde, ce qui tendait vers une unification ou un dépassement des anciennes formes de variation dans la tradition. La seconde s’est manifestée, au contraire, par une fragmentation croissante des structures d’autorité au sein de la tradition, par une prolifération des significations qui lui étaient attribuées et des formes de pratique adoptées pour l’incarner, ainsi que par une acuité renouvelée des conflits sectaires en son sein. C’est un paradoxe que seule peut appréhender une compréhension de l’islam en tant que pratique sociale ancrée dans les rapports entre États et religions, caractéristiques des sociétés modernes – et non de l’islam en tant que religion « médiévale » et exclusivement « résistante à la sécularisation ».
Varieties of abstract concepts and their multiple dimensions
Authors: VILLANI CATERINA , LUGLI LUISA , LIUZZA MARCO TULLIO , BORGHI ANNA M. 
Published: August 2019

abstractThe issue of how abstract concepts are represented is widely debated. However, evidence is controversial, also because different criteria were used to select abstract concepts – for example, imageability and abstractness were equated. In addition, for many years abstract concepts have been considered as a unitary whole. Our work aims to address these two limitations. We asked participants to evaluate 425 abstract concepts on 15 dimensions: abstractness, concreteness, imageability, context availability, Body-Object-Interaction, Modality of Acquisition, Age of Acquisition, Perceptual modality strength, Metacognition, Social metacognition, Interoception, Emotionality, Social valence, Hand and Mouth activation. Results showed that conceiving concepts only in terms of concreteness/abstractness is too simplified. More abstract concepts are typically acquired later and through the linguistic modality and are characterized by high scores in social metacognition (feeling that others can help us in understanding word meaning), while concrete concepts obtain high scores in Body-Object-Interaction, imageability, and context availability. A cluster analysis indicated four kinds of abstract concepts: philosophical-spiritual (e.g., value), self-sociality (e.g., politeness), emotive/inner states (e.g., anger), and physical, spatio-temporal, and quantitative concepts (e.g., reflex). Overall, results support multiple representation views indicating that sensorimotor, inner, linguistic, and social experience have different weights in characterizing different kinds of abstract concepts.
Derivation of the Early Carboniferous Wedgeport pluton by crystal fractionation of a mafic parental magma: a rare case of an A-type granite within the Meguma terrane (Nova Scotia, Canada)
Authors: Shellnutt J. Gregory , Dostal Jaroslav 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Cambrian–Ordovician metasedimentary rocks of the Meguma terrane (Canadian Appalachians) were extensively intruded by silicic plutons during Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous times. Syn-plutonic but volumetrically minor mafic-ultramafic intrusions were also emplaced. In most localities, the silicic plutons and mafic-ultramafic intrusions do not appear to be petrogenetically related and are likely derived from different sources. The Attwoods Brook gabbronorite of SW Nova Scotia yielded an in situ zircon weighted-mean 206Pb–238U age of 357.9 ± 3.3 Ma that is within the uncertainty of the age of the neighbouring Wedgeport pluton (357 ± 1 Ma). The Wedgeport pluton is a rare example of a mantle-derived, peraluminous A-type granite within the Meguma terrane. The similar ages and Nd isotopes of the Attwoods Brook gabbronorite (εNd(t) = +1.1 to +4.0) and Wedgeport pluton (εNd(t) = +2.1 to +3.3) suggest the two intrusions are petrogenetically related. Fractional crystallization modelling demonstrates that a parental magma similar to the Attwoods Brook gabbronorite can produce residual silicic liquids that resemble the granites of the Wedgeport pluton, indicating that they could be members of the same intrusive complex. The emplacement of the gabbronorite and Wedgeport pluton occurred during a period of tensional plate stress that was contemporaneous with rifting of the Maritimes Basin that produced the Fountain Lake continental flood basalts and A-type granites of the Cobequid Highlands within the Avalon terrane. It is possible that the Early Carboniferous rocks of SW Nova Scotia are related to the rifted-related magmatism within the Maritimes Basin.
Glutathione-S-transferase of Trichinella spiralis regulates maturation and function of dendritic cells
Authors: Jin Xuemin , Yang Yong , Liu Xiaolei , Shi Haining , Cai Xuepeng , Luo Xuenong , Liu Mingyuan , Bai Xue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImmunomodulation by molecules from Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) has been widely reported. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) is a major immune-modulator of the family of detoxification enzymes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are an important target for the regulation of the immune response by T. spiralis. In this study, the recombinant GST of T. spiralis (rTs-GST) was expressed and purified. rTs-GST induced low CD40 expression and moderate CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expressions and inhibited the increase of CD40, CD80 and CD86 on DCs induced by LPS. We showed that rTs-GST decreased the LPS-induced elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines of DCs and enhanced the level of regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. Furthermore, co-culture of DCs and CD4+ T cells demonstrated that rTs-GST-treated DCs suppressed the proliferation of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells and increased the population of regulatory T cells (Tregs). rTs-GST-treated DCs induced a higher level of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β, but inhibited the level of IFN-γ. This indicates that rTs-GST-pulsed DCs induce both Th2-type responses and Tregs. These findings contribute to the current understanding of the immunomodulation of Ts-GST on cellular response and immunomodulation of T. spiralis.
Moral rigidity as a proximate facilitator of group cohesion and combativeness
Authors: Marie Antoine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDe Dreu and Gross's description of the proximate mechanisms conditioning success in intergroup conflict omits humans' deontological morality. Drawing on research on sacralization and moral objectivism, I show how “moral rigidity” may have evolved through partner selection mechanisms to foster coalitions’ cohesion and combativeness in intergroup conflict.
Preschoolers are sensitive to accent distance
Authors: WEATHERHEAD Drew , FRIEDMAN Ori , WHITE Katherine S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCan children tell how different a speaker's accent is from their own? In Experiment 1 (N = 84), four- and five-year-olds heard speakers with different accents and indicated where they thought each speaker lived relative to a reference point on a map that represented their current location. Five-year-olds generally placed speakers with stronger accents (as judged by adults) at more distant locations than speakers with weaker accents. In contrast, four-year-olds did not show differences in where they placed speakers with different accents. In Experiment 2 (N = 56), the same sentences were low-pass filtered so that only prosodic information remained. This time, children judged which of five possible aliens had produced each utterance, given a reference speaker. Children of both ages showed differences in which alien they chose based on accent, and generally rated speakers with foreign accents as more different from their native accent than speakers with regional accents. Together, the findings show that preschoolers perceive accent distance, that children may be sensitive to the distinction between foreign and regional accents, and that preschoolers likely use prosody to differentiate among accents.
Differences in women’s and men’s conservation of cacao agroforests in coastal Ecuador
Authors: Blare Trent , Useche Pilar 
Published: August 2019

SummaryStakeholder preferences for the conservation of cacao agroforests are scarcely known. Here, a revealed preference model was used to estimate the value that smallholders place on the conservation of their cacao agroforests in coastal Ecuador. Variables in the model included plot-level data (the gender of those who owned and managed the plot, profit, land title and years of ownership) and household demographic data (ages, educational levels and wealth indicators). Households were willing to give up some profit to conserve agroforests especially if they had managed the plot longer. Furthermore, when women were included in the management of a plot, the household was more likely to conserve the cacao agroforest, but the gender of the person who owns the plot had no effect on the probability of conserving the agroforest. These findings provide further evidence of the gender differences in preferences for agroforests and that more inclusive land-use decisions may lead to the use of more sustainable farming practices. They also demonstrate that policies that encourage inclusive land ownership do not necessarily ensure equal gender participation in plot decision-making and management.
Spatial modelling of biodiversity conservation priorities in Portugal’s Montado ecosystem using Marxan with Zones
Authors: Pinto Rute , Antunes Paula , Blumentrath Stefan , Brouwer Roy , Clemente Pedro , Santos Rui 
Published: August 2019

SummarySpatial models are increasingly being used to target the most suitable areas for biodiversity conservation. This study investigates how the spatial tool Marxan with Zones (MARZONE) can be used to support the design of cost-effective biodiversity conservation policy. New in this study is the spatial analysis of the costs and effectiveness of different agro-environmental measures (AEMs) for habitat and biodiversity conservation in the Montado ecosystem in Portugal. A distinction is made between the financial costs paid to participating landowners and farmers for adopting AEMs and the broader economic opportunity costs of the corresponding land-use changes. Habitat and species conservation targets are furthermore defined interactively with the local government agency responsible for the management of protected areas, while the costs of agro-forestry activities and alternative land uses are estimated in direct consultation with local landowners. MARZONE identifies the spatial distribution of priority areas for conservation and the associated costs, some of which overlap with existing protected areas. These results provide useful insights into the trade-offs between nature conservation and the opportunity costs of protecting ecologically vulnerable areas, helping to improve current and future conservation policy design.
Evaluating the efficacy of the Family Check-Up Online: A school-based, eHealth model for the prevention of problem behavior during the middle school years
Authors: Stormshak Elizabeth A. , Seeley John R. , Caruthers Allison S. , Cardenas Lucia , Moore Kevin J. , Tyler Milagra S. , Fleming Christopher M. , Gau Jeff , Danaher Brian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of a family-centered preventive intervention, the Family Check-Up (FCU), delivered as an online, eHealth model to middle school families. To increase accessibility of family-centered prevention in schools, we adapted the evidence-based FCU to an online format, with the goal of providing a model of service delivery that is feasible, given limited staffing and resources in many schools. Building on prior research, we randomly assigned participants to waitlist control (n= 105), FCU Online as a web-based intervention (n= 109), and FCU Online with coaching support (n= 108). We tested the effects of the intervention on multiple outcomes, including parental self-efficacy, child self-regulation, and child behavior, in this registered clinical trial (NCT03060291). Families engaged in the intervention at a high rate (72% completed the FCU assessment) and completed 3-month posttest assessments with good retention (94% retained). Random assignment to the FCU Online with coaching support was associated with reduced emotional problems for children (p= .003,d= −0.32) and improved parental confidence and self-efficacy (p= .018,d= 0.25) when compared with waitlist controls. Risk moderated effects: at-risk youth showed stronger effects than did those with minimal risk. The results have implications for online delivery of family-centered interventions in schools.
A GLIMPSE OF THE PEOPLE OF ALTICA: OSTEOLOGICAL AND ISOTOPIC/RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS
Authors: Storey Rebecca , Buckley Gina M. , Kennett Douglas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAltica is a rare first-farming village site in the Basin of Mexico that has survived to modern times. Thus, it provides a glimpse into life during the Early–Middle Formative period. While valuable archaeological information on the village was recovered in excavation, only four burials comprising four individuals were recovered, a very small sample. Two individuals are older-aged females; the third, a middle-aged male, was accompanied by prestigious nonperishable goods and indicates that there are status differences even at this early date. The final individual was a young male buried in a deviant manner, suggesting possible foul play. While all individuals have indicators of periods of poor health, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen paint a more complete picture of the types of foods these individuals consumed over their lifetime. Radiogenic strontium isotopes of tooth enamel identify one individual, the young male buried in a deviant manner, as non-native to the Altica region. Thus, there is mystery in the manner of death, but even in this small sample, the wider connections Altica had that are so evident in the artefactual analysis are found in the skeletons. In addition, accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating provides a chronology of occupation through the people.
THE ALTICA PROJECT: REFRAMING THE FORMATIVE BASIN OF MEXICO
Authors: Stoner Wesley D. , Nichols Deborah L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Altica Project that began in 2014 is an important step in addressing over two decades of limited problem-oriented research at Formative sites in the Basin of Mexico. Through this research, we demonstrate that Altica is the earliest known settled village in the Teotihuacan Valley and one of the only first-farming village sites in the Basin of Mexico that has not been engulfed by the urban sprawl of Mexico City. It represents the northward spread of settled village life in a time that people of the region were transitioning from a mobile foraging lifestyle to one more reliant on food production. Despite its small size and remote location, Altica was an important part of Early and Middle Formative exchange networks, as it imported multiple types of goods from distant places in Mesoamerica and may have played a role in the early trade of Otumba obsidian. This paper leads the Special Section by framing the research project and outlining its major goals. Survey and excavation results are introduced. Finally, we preface each of the presentations to situate them within the framework. Altica spans a transitional period in Mesoamerica that began around 1000 calb.c.We establish Altica as a proxy to understand broader Mesoamerican processes at that time.
Food insecurity, acculturation and diagnosis of CHD and related health outcomes among immigrant adults in the USA
Authors: Smith Michael D , Coleman-Jensen Alisha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To deepen understanding of the relationship between food insecurity, acculturation, and diagnosis of CHD and related health outcomes among immigrant adults.Design:Using cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey 2011 to 2015, we address two research questions. First, what is the relationship of household food insecurity and acculturation with: CHD, angina pectoris, heart attack, self-rated poor health and obesity? Second, what is the association of food insecurity with these health outcomes over years of living in the USA? We estimate multivariate logistic regressions without (question 1) and with (question 2) an interaction term between food insecurity and acculturation for CHD and related health outcomes.Setting:USA.Participants:Low-income immigrant adults.Results:Food insecurity and acculturation are both associated with diagnosis of CHD and related health outcomes among immigrant adults. Food insecurity and acculturation are associated with the health of female immigrants more than males. Also, the differences by food security status in the probability of having several poor health outcomes (self-rated heath, obesity, women’s angina pectoris) are largest for those in the USA for less than 5 years, decrease for those who have lived in the USA for 5–14 years, and are larger again for those in the USA for 15 or more years.Conclusions:Recent and long-term food-insecure immigrants are more vulnerable to CHD and related health outcomes than those in the USA for 5–14 years. Further research is needed to understand why.
Copernicanism and the typicality in time
Authors: Ćirković Milan M. , Balbi Amedeo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHow special (or not) is the epoch we are living in? What is the appropriate reference class for embedding the observations made at the present time? How probable – or else – is anything we observe in the fulness of time? Contemporary cosmology and astrobiology bring those seemingly old-fashioned philosophical issues back into focus. There are several examples of contemporary research which use the assumption of typicality in time (or temporal Copernicanism) explicitly or implicitly, while not truly elaborating upon the meaning of this assumption. The present paper brings attention to the underlying and often uncritically accepted assumptions in these cases. It also aims to defend a more radical position that typicality in time is not – and cannot ever be – well-defined, in contrast to the typicality in space, and the typicality in various specific parameter spaces. This, of course, does not mean that we are atypical in time; instead, the notion of typicality in time is necessarily somewhat vague and restricted. In principle, it could be strengthened by further defining the relevant context, e.g. by referring to typicality within the Solar lifetime, or some similar restricting clause.