bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children with overweight are not less physically active than children of normal-weight
Authors: Leeuwen Janneke van , Koes Bart , Paulis Winifred D. , Bindels Patrick J.E. , Middelkoop Marienke van 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in objectively measured physical activity and in self-reported physical activity between overweight and normal-weight children.
Methods
Data from a prospective cohort study including children, presenting at the participating general practices in the south-west of the Netherlands, were used. Children (aged 4-15 years) were categorized as normal-weight or overweight using age- and sex specific cut-off points. They wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one week to register physical activity, and filled out a diary for one week about physical activity.
Results
A total of 57 children were included in this study. Overweight children spent significantly less percentage time per day in sedentary behavior (β -1.68 (95%CI -3.129, -0.07)). There were no significant differences in percentage time per day spent in light to moderate physical activity (β 1.52 (-0.01, 3.04)), and in moderate to vigorous physical activity (β 0.33 (-0.11, 0.78)). No significant differences were found between children of normal-weight and overweight in self-reported measures of physical activity.
Conclusions
Overweight children are not less physically active than normal-weight children, which may be associated with the risen awareness towards overweight/obesity and with implemented interventions for children with overweight/obesity.
A modified intrascleral intraocular lens fixation technique with fewer anterior segment manipulations: 27-gauge needle-guided procedure with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures
Authors: Yang Yuan , Yao Tengteng , Zhou Yali , Wang Yixiao , Wang Zhaoyang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

To report a modified surgical technique for intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation with fewer anterior segment manipulations in eyes lacking sufficient capsule support.

Methods

Eyes from 14 patients who underwent 27-gauge needle-guided intrascleral IOL fixation with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures were studied. The 8-0 absorbable sutures were inserted into 27-gauge round needles and used to create angled sclerotomies at the 4 o’clock and 10 o’clock positions under the scleral flap. The sutures were used to tie knots at the ends of the haptics and guide haptic externalization through sclerotomy. After externalization, a sufficient flange was created at the end of the haptics and fixed under the scleral flaps. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), previous surgery history, and complications were determined.

Results

Fourteen cases were analyzed. The majority of eyes exhibited an improvement in BCVA after surgery. When comparing the last follow-up to preoperative visual acuity, the mean change in BCVA was + 26.32 letters (p=0.011). Postoperative complications included postoperative hypotony in 3 eyes, ocular hypertension in 2 eyes. No postoperative cystoid macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, IOL dislocation, or endophthalmitis was observed.

Conclusions

The 27-gauge needle-guided intrascleral IOL fixation technique with built-in 8-0 absorbable sutures is easy to manipulate with fewer anterior chamber manipulations and achieves both anatomical and optical stability.
High-Speed Treadmill Running Reduces Systemic Inflammation But Fails as a Secondary Intervention For Peripheral Musculoskeletal Discomfort
Authors: Smith Tianqi Tenchi Gao , Barr-Gillespie Ann E , Harris Michelle Y , Amin Mamta , Gallagher Sean , Barbe Mary Frances 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders can result from prolonged repetitive and/or forceful movements. It has been shown that performance of highly repetitive tasks increases serum cytokines, nerve inflammation and sensorimotor declines in a rat model. This study investigated the effectiveness of flat treadmill running in preventing these responses. Methods: Thirteen young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to perform a high force task for 5 weeks (15 min/day, 5 days/week). All trained rats went on to perform a high repetition, high force reaching and lever-pulling task for 10 weeks (10-week HRHF; 2 hrs/day in four 30 min sessions, 3 days/week). Five task rats were randomly chosen to run on a flat treadmill (TM) for the last 6 weeks of task performance (10-week HRHF+TM; ramping up to 23 m/min, 1hr/day, 5 days/week). Results were compared to 10 control rats. Voluntary task and reflexive sensorimotor behavioral outcomes were assessed and compared. Serum was assayed for inflammatory cytokines, median nerves were assayed for CD68+ macrophages and extraneural thickening, flexor tendons were assayed for any pathological changes.
Results: Treadmill running attenuated HRHF task-induced increases in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, CXCL2/MIP2 and IL-10 levels. HRHF task-induced increases in flexor digitorum epitendon cellularity improved with treadmill running. However, several voluntary task performance outcomes, specifically voluntary grasp force, percent successful reaches, and voluntary task participation, worsened with treadmill running. The treadmill intervention failed to rescue HRHF task-induced declines in reflexive grip strength and forepaw mechanical sensitivity, and increases in CD68+ macrophages and extraneural fibrosis within and around median nerves.
Conclusions: The treadmill intervention attenuated systemic inflammation and moderate tendinosis, but did not improve task performance or sensorimotor behaviors most likely because this exercise intervention continued to load involved injured forelimbs and worsened median nerve inflammation and fibrosis.
Disabled and immigrant, a double minority challenge. A qualitative study about the experiences of immigrant families raising a child with a disability and navigating the Norwegian healthcare system.
Authors: Arfa Shahrzad , Solvang Per Koren , Berg Berit , Jahnsen Reidun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Immigrants and their Norwegian-born children make up approximately 18% of the total population in Norway. The legitimacy of the healthcare system is a product of its ability to provide timely and appropriate services to the entire population. While several studies have been conducted on migrants’ utilization of healthcare services, immigrant families are systematically underrepresented in international studies of children with disabilities. This study, by focusing on experiences of immigrant families of children with disabilities who are navigating the Norwegian healthcare system, will generate knowledge of how accessible and tailored the services are from their point of view.
Methods: This study took a qualitative approach, using semistructured interviews to explore the experiences of immigrant parents of children with disabilities from non-Western countries. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed via an inductive thematic analytic approach.
Results: The findings show how the “immigrant experience” influenced the way the parents looked at, experienced, and even praised the services. The parents appreciated the follow-up services provided by the pediatric rehabilitation centers, which they experienced as predictable and well-organized. While navigating the services, they experienced several challenges, including the need for information, support, and timely help. They felt exhausted because of the years of struggle in the healthcare system to gain access to the help and services they needed. The feeling of being treated differently from the majority was another challenge they experienced while navigating the services. The findings also show how the parents’ experiences of communication with healthcare providers were influenced not only by their own language and communication skills but also by the healthcare providers’ intercultural communication skills and dominant organizational culture.
Conclusions: The parents’ experiences show that there is still a gap between the public ideal of equal healthcare services and the reality of the everyday lives of immigrant families of children with disabilities. By exploring immigrant families’ experiences, this study highlights the importance of mobilization at both the individual and system levels to fill the current gap and provide tailored and accessible services to the entire population.
Keywords: Immigrant families, Children with disabilities, Healthcare system.
Association between family history and the onset age of essential hypertension in Han population in Shanghai China
Authors: anle li , Peng Qian , Shao Yue Qin , Zhang Yi Ying , Xiang Fang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Importance
Genetic factors are important influencing factors of essential hypertension, and family history (FH) is an important marker of genetic factors.
Objective
To explore the association between family history and the onset age of essential hypertension in Han population in Shanghai China.
Methods
According to l:l matched pairs design，342 precursor of hypertension and 342 controls were selected and investigate their nuclear family members in the case-control study. The diagnostic information of hypertension in all relatives of these two groups was investigated. The method of genetic epidemiology research was used to explore the effect of family history.
Results
The average prevalence of hypertension was 23.32%. The prevalence of hypertension of first-degree relatives was 33.99%; the prevalence of second- degree relatives was 17.60%; the prevalence of third-degree relatives was 13.51%. All prevalence of hypertension of case group relatives were significantly higher than that of control group relatives. The average onset age in population with positive FH is 48.74±11.16 years old, and the average onset age in population with negative FH is 54.38±9.87 years old. The difference about two FH groups showed statistically significant (t=4.589, P<0.001). The average onset age of offspring with father, mother, grandpa, grandma, maternal grandpa or maternal grandma positive was respectively 48.42± 11.16, 49.16±11.12, 39.55±11.95, 39.88±11.90, 43.67±9.77 or 43.64±10.21 years old; and the average onset age of children with father, mother, grandpa, grandma, maternal grandpa or maternal grandma negative was respectively 51.90± 10.81, 51.17±11.04, 51.07±10.59, 51.08±10.60, 50.50±11.09 or 50.57±11.06 years old. The difference about two groups showed statistically significant.

Conclusion
Family history has a positive effect on the occurrence of hypertension, and lead to earlier age of onset of offspring. The effects are different among parent and grandparent in Han in Shanghai China.
Accuracy of Prescribing Documentation by UK Junior Doctors Undertaking Psychiatry Placements: a Multi-centre Observational Study
Authors: Dey Mrinalini , Buhagiar Kurt , Jabbar Farid 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Medical records are critical to patient care, but often contain incomplete information. In UK hospitals, record-keeping is traditionally undertaken by junior doctors, who are increasingly completing early-career placements in psychiatry, but negative attitudes towards psychiatry may affect their performance. Little is known about the accuracy of medical records in psychiatry in general. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) pertinent to clinical decision-making (“rationale”) for prescribing completed by junior doctors during a four-month placement, focusing on the differences between psychotropic vs. non-psychotropic drugs and the temporal association during their placement.
Results: EMRs of 276 participants yielding 780 ward round entries were analysed, 100% of which were completed by junior doctors rather than more senior clinicians. Compared with non-psychotropic drugs, prescribing documentation for psychotropic drugs was less likely (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.16-0.36, p<0.001). The rate of documentation significantly declined over time especially for psychotropic drugs (p<0.001). Prescribing documentation of non-psychotropic drugs for people with mental illness is paradoxically more accurate than that of psychotropic drugs. Early-career junior doctors are therefore increasingly shaping EMRs of people receiving psychiatric care.
Application of Positive Psychology Education in Chinese Medical Students to Increase Their Psychological Well-being: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Qin , Zhang Bao-Shuai , Wang Meng-Die 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Anxiety and depression have been on rise in Chinese medical students due to the heavy academic pressure of medical practice and the deteriorating doctor-patient relationship in China. The psychological well-being of the Chinese medical students has become a critical focus of attention for the medical education community. In the present study, we aimed to explore the potential effect of positive psychology education on improving the mental health of Chinese medical students.

Methods

A total of 49 undergraduate students (mean age =19.5 years old) at their year-2 and year-3 medical study in our institute were enrolled in an 8-week positive psychology training course, which was embedded into a regular school curriculum. Their hope scale, life satisfaction scale, subjective happiness scale, as well as depression and anxiety scales were measured before and after the training program, respectively.

Results

The analyses results showed that over 95% of the participants reported an improved mental status after the training program. Their positive emotions, including hope, life satisfaction and happiness, significantly increased, while the negative emotions, including depression and anxiety, were significantly relieved.

Conclusions

These evidence suggest that positive psychology education holds promise for increasing the mental well-being and reducing psychological distress among Chinese medical students. Further research is required to demonstrate the efficacy of this program using larger representative sample cohorts.
Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Ali Jemal H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus is a virus that causes Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia.
Methods: The study was conducted in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires and interview. A total of ETB 81,120.00 was utilized to carry out the study.
Result: plasma viral load was suppressed below detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference were observed in category of marital status (p-value 0.023) and baseline CD4 values (p-value 0.023) whereas no significant difference were observed in Educational status (p-value 0.404), MUAC (p- value 0.407) BMI(p-value 0.335) and BTB(p-value 0.257). Estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was age group between 50-59 years.
Conclusion: Estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4.
The incidene of postoperative heterotopic ossification in cervical disc arthroplasty--A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yingjun Guo , Jiali Chen , Liu Hao , Yang Meng , Chen Ding , Beiyu Wang , Xin Rong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Heterotopic ossification has become a common disease after CDA, which has attracted much attention. Understanding the law of its occurrence and development can provide theoretical basis for the formulation of HO prevention strategies. To acquire the objective data and the change rule of HO incidence, a meta-analysis of all available evidence was performed.
Methods: A search of the literature was conducted on Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Relevant studies including incidence-relative data of HO were selected according to eligibility criteria.
Results: 52 studies were eligible and finally included and the quality assessment showed a relative high score of them. The results of the analysis reminded us that the incidence of HO increased with the extension of follow-up time, both based on the number of cases and the number of segments, and the increase mainly occurred after 6 years. Grade III-IV HO showed us a positive correlation with follow-up time (R2=0.218), while Grade I-II HO did not change a lot in different follow-up time points.
Conclusions: The follow-up time after CDA should be long enough, so as to ensure the true clinical results. HO occurs all the postoperative time and Grade I-II HO will gradually develop into Grade III-IV, while continuous new HO keeps the number of Grade I-II in a dynamic balance. Through this study, we can preliminarily define the relatively objective incidence and change rule of HO, which provides data basis and theoretical basis for the future research of HO prevention strategy.
Social group and health care provider interventions to increase the demand for malaria rapid diagnostic test among community members in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Omale Ugwu Innocent , Azuogu Ndubueze B. , Alo Chihurumnanya , Madubueze Ugochukwu C. , Oka Onyinyechukwu U. , Okeke Chijioke K. , Okafor Ifeyinwa M. , Utulu Rowland , Akpan Uduak E. , Iloke Chijioke V. , Nnubia Ogechukwu A. , Eze Ifeyinwa I. , Anene Ogechukwu C. , Nnabu Chukwuka R. , Ibemesi Desi O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization in 2010 recommended universal testing for suspected malaria cases due to some fundamental changes in malaria trend such as the declining malaria incidence in high burden countries, the emergence of parasite resistance to anti-malarial drugs especially artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and the increased availability of diagnostic testing such as malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT). The Nigerian government has long adopted this recommendation and has scaled up the availability of MRDT with the support of foreign partners. However, the malaria/MRDT test rate in the communities is still far short of the recommendation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social group and social group/provider interventions in increasing the demand (use and/or request) for MRDT among community members with fever or malaria-like illness in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Methods: A three-arm, parallel, stratified cluster randomized design will be used to evaluate the effect of two interventions compared to control: control involves the usual practice of provision of MRDT services by public primary health care providers and patent medicine vendors; social group intervention involves the sensitization/education of social groups about MRDT; social group/provider intervention involves social group treatment plus the training of health care providers in health communication with clients about MRDT. The primary outcome is the proportion of under-5 children with fever/malaria-like illness in the preceding two weeks to a household survey that received MRDT. The co-primary outcome is the proportion of 5 years and above children and adults (excluding pregnant women) with fever/malaria-like illness in the preceding two weeks to a household survey that received MRDT. The primary outcome will be assessed through household surveys at baseline and end-line. Discussion: The pragmatic and behavioural nature of the interventions which are delivered to groupings of individuals and the need to minimize contamination informed the use of a cluster randomized design by this study in investigating whether the social group and social group/provider interventions will increase the demand for MRDT among community members. “Pragmatic” means the interventions would occur in natural settings or real live situations.
Validation of Soil‐Test‐Based Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations for Flood‐Irrigated Rice
Authors: Fryer Matthew S. , Slaton Nathan A. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hardke Jarrod T. , Norman Richard J. 
Published: July 2019

Soil testing is a widely accepted practice for evaluating soil‐P and soil‐K availability but can be inconsistent for making accurate fertilizer‐P and fertilizer‐K recommendations. Our research objectives were to assess the accuracy of established soil‐ and tissue‐P and ‐K concentration interpretations for predicting flood‐irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield response to fertilization at three levels of significance (p ≤ 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25). Six treatments combining two fertilizer‐P rates (0 or 32 kg P ha−1) and four fertilizer‐K rates (0, 56, 84, 112 kg K ha−1) were applied at 24 sites. Soil‐test P (STP) interpretations were 40% accurate, regardless of the significance level, and whole‐plant‐P concentrations at the V6‐V7 stage were 50% accurate. Soil‐test K (STK) interpretations were 40 (p ≤ 0.05 and 0.10) and 36% (p ≤ 0.25) accurate, and whole‐plant‐K concentrations at the R2‐R3 stage were 61% (p ≤ 0.25) or 62% (p ≤ 0.05 and 0.10) accurate in predicting the yield response to K fertilization. Nearly all of the error in both soil‐test‐ and whole‐plant‐P and ‐K concentration interpretations occurred in the suboptimal categories. The accuracy (p ≤ 0.05) of yield response predictions for levels where no fertilizer was recommended was 100% for STP and 86% for STK and 82 to 100% for whole‐plant‐P and ‐K concentrations. The false‐positive error was the most common soil‐test recommendation inaccuracy and suggests that fertilizer recommendations are skewed to reduce the risk of yield loss from insufficient fertilization.Core Ideas

Tissue analysis is more accurate at predicting flood‐irrigated rice response to P and K fertilization than Mehlich‐3 extractable P and K.
False positive errors are the most common soil‐test‐based interpretation errors for flood‐irrigated rice.
Mehlich‐3 extractable P is not a good predictor of rice yield response to P fertilization.
The most accurate fertilizer P and K recommendations were interpreted at the 0.05 and 0.10 significance levels.