bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vital signs: Valid indicators to assess pain in intensive care unit patients? An observational, descriptive study
Authors: Erden Sevilay , Demir Nevra , Ugras Gulay A. , Arslan Umut , Arslan Sevban 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPain is a stressor for intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and inadequate pain assessment has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. One hundred and twenty patients were evaluated during three periods: (T1) 1 min before, (T2) during, and (T3) 20 min after the nociceptive procedure. For each patient, data were obtained through at least two nociceptive procedures. Conscious patients’ self‐reports of pain were assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale and Visual Analog Scale. For unconscious patients, the Behavioral Pain Scale was used instead. Descriptive statistical methods, Friedman's test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for the data analysis. Significant changes were observed in heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during nociceptive procedures. The HR, RR, and pain scores increased, while the SpO2 decreased. Positive correlation coefficients were observed between the pain intensity and HR and RR levels. According to our study findings, vital signs are not strong indicators for pain assessment in neurosurgery ICU patients. However, HR and RR can be used as cues when behavioral indicators are not valid in these unconscious patients.
Schmid's Type of Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Al Kaissi Ali , Ghachem Maher B , Nabil Nesseb M , Kenis Vladimir , Melchenko Eugene , Morenko Ekatrina , Grill Franz , Ganger Rudolf , Kircher Susanne G 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThere are several types of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and various clinical types have been differentiated. The Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is the most common. Diffuse metaphyseal flaring, irregularity, and growth plate widening, which are most severe in the knees, are the most striking radiological features of this disease. The Schmid type of metaphyseal dysostosis is characterized by failure of normal mineralization of the zone of provisional calcification, leading to widened physes and enlarged knobby metaphyses, effectively causing shortening of the tubular bones, splaying of the metaphyses, coxa vara, and bow legs. Orthopaedic interventions were primarily performed on the lower extremities.MethodsTwelve children (seven girls and five boys) aged 7–10 years were enrolled in this study. Moderate short stature was a uniform feature associated with predominant involvement of the proximal femora and bow legs resulted in the development of angular deformities. A waddling gait was a consequence of coxa vara in eight children. Valgus osteotomy of the proximal femur was planned after physeal closure for the group of children with coxa vara. Hemiepiphysiodesis was performed to re‐align the genu varum in three children.ResultsOther forms of metaphyseal dysostosis were ruled based on full clinical and radiographic phenotypes, with confirmation through molecular pathology. Mutations in the COL10A1 gene located on chromosome 6q21‐q22.3 were confirmed. Re‐alignment was accomplished in our group of patients.ConclusionThe most striking clinical features of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia which appear within the first 2–3 years of life are: moderate short limbs and short stature, a waddling gait, and increasing shortness of stature with age. The Schmid type of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia is a disorder that arises from defective type X collagen, which is typically found in the hypertrophic zone of the physes. Moderate short stature and a waddling gait associated with pain are the most common clinical presentations. Osteotomies to correct bow legs are sometimes combined with lengthening procedures. Recurrence of the deformities with growth is not uncommon; therefore, hemiepiphysiodesis or stapling might be indicated in some cases.
The Evil‐god challenge Part II: Objections and responses
Authors: Lancaster‐Thomas Asha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Evil‐god challenge attempts to undermine classical monotheism by arguing that because the existence of an evil god is similar in reasonableness to the existence of a good god, the onus is on the theist to justify their belief in the latter over the former. In the Part I paper, I defined the Evil‐god challenge, distinguished between several types of Evil‐god challenge, and presented its history and recent developments. In this paper, I describe the merits of the challenge, outline and address the main objections that have been posed to it, and discuss some of the implications for classical monotheism if the Evil‐god challenge remains untarnished by objections.
Transferability of continuous‐ and class‐pedotransfer functions to predict water retention properties of semiarid Syrian soils
Authors: Al Majou H. , Hassani B. , Bruand A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHydraulic properties of soils, particularly water retention, are key for appropriate management of semiarid soils. Very few pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been developed to predict these properties for soils of Mediterranean regions, where data are particularly scarce. We investigated the transferability of PTFs to semiarid soils. The quality of the prediction was compared to that for soils originating from temperate regions for which most PTFs were developed. We used two soil data sets: one from the Paris basin (French data set, n = 30) and a Syrian data set (n = 30). Soil samples were collected in winter when the water content was near field capacity. Composition and water content of the samples were determined at seven water potentials. Continuous‐ and class‐PTFs developed using different predictors were tested using the two data sets and their performance compared to those developed using artificial neural networks (ANN). The best performance and transferability of the PTFs for both data sets used soil water content at field capacity as predictor after stratification by texture. The quality of prediction was similar to that for ANN‐PTFs. Continuous‐ and class‐PTFs may be transferable to other countries with performances that vary according to their ability to account for variation in soil composition and structure. Taking into account predictors of composition (particle size distribution, texture, organic carbon content) and structure (bulk density, porosity, field capacity) did not lead to a better performance or the best transferability potential.
High field magnetic resonance imaging contributes to diagnosis of equine distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus lesions: 103 horses
Authors: Barrett Myra F. , Selberg Kurt T. , Johnson Sherry A. , Hersman Jake , Frisbie David D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInjury of the distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus commonly causes lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows concurrent assessment of both the distal tarsal joints and suspensory ligament origin, and aids identification of lesions that may otherwise go undetected by other modalities. In this retrospective observational study, the medical records of a veterinary imaging center were searched for MRI exams of the distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus for the years 2012 through 2014. Studies for 125 limbs of 103 horses were identified and retrospectively evaluated by two board‐certified veterinary radiologists. Soft tissue and osseous changes were characterized and graded by degree of severity. The patients’ signalment, lameness severity, and results of diagnostic analgesia were recorded. Osteoarthritic changes of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints were the most common findings. Other findings included bone marrow lesions, degenerative changes of the small cuboidal bones, subchondral cystic lesions, and intertarsal desmopathy. Suspensory ligament desmopathy was found in 53% of limbs. Fourty‐seven percent of limbs that responded to analgesia of the proximal suspensory ligament had more severe lesions in the distal tarsus. Bone marrow lesions of the third tarsal bone were the only MRI finding that correlated with grade of lameness in patients for which lameness grade was reported. The grade of lameness has a poor correlation with the severity of lesions found on MRI. The findings support the use of MRI for simultaneous evaluation of the proximal metatarsus and distal tarsus, particularly given the difficulty of lesion localization with diagnostic analgesia.
Innovation in an Uncertain Economy
Authors: Buergel Erich 
Published: July 2018

The article discusses the role of people, processes, and platforms in the success of a company. Companies need to foster a synergistic operational view that transcends the common fixation on simply acquiring the latest technology platforms and expecting greater productivity. It is a matter of three dimensions: people, processes, and platforms.
A pragmatic approach that balances people, processes, and platforms will transcend generation after generation of equipment and, for that matter, people and processes. People must operate the technology platforms, and they must be motivated to redirect their skills toward new tools and technologies. Processes, too, must be regarded differently—as a means to leverage not only higher feeds and speeds, but also to integrate data sharing, communication, and documentation. Achieving the right balance among people, processes, and platforms is necessary to drive business success.
General
Correlation for Heat Transfer to Gas–Liquid Flow in Vertical
Channels
Authors: Shah Mirza
M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A general correlation is presented for heat transfer during flow of gas–liquid mixtures flowing in vertical channels prior to dry out. It has been verified with a wide range of data that include upward and downward flow in heated and cooled tubes, annuli, and rectangular channels. The data are from 19 studies and include 14 gas–liquid mixtures with a wide range of properties. The parameters include pressure 1–6.9 bar, temperature 16–115 °C, liquid Reynolds number from 2 to 127,231, superficial gas and liquid velocities up to 87 and 13 m/s, respectively, and ratio of superficial gas and liquid velocities 0.03–1630. The 1022 data points are predicted by the new correlation with mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 18.1%. Several other correlations were also compared to the same data and had MAD of 28.6–45.5%.
Applicability
of Heat Mirrors in Reducing Thermal Losses in Concentrating Solar
Collectors
Authors: Khullar Vikrant , Mahendra Prashant , Mittal Madhup 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the present work, a novel parabolic trough receiver design has been proposed. The proposed design is similar to the conventional receiver design except for the envelope and the annulus part. Here, a certain portion of the conventional glass envelope is coated with Sn-In2O3 and also Sn-In2O3 coated glass baffles are provided in the annulus part to reduce the radiative losses. The optical properties of the coated glass are such that it allows most of the solar irradiance to pass through, but reflects the emitted long wavelength radiations back to the absorber tube. Sn-In2O3 coated glass is referred to as “transparent heat mirror.” Thus, effectively reducing the heat loss area and improving the thermal efficiency of the solar collector. A detailed one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer model has been developed to predict the performance of the proposed receiver design. It was observed that while maintaining the same external conditions (such as ambient/initial temperatures, wind speed, solar insolation, flow rate, and concentration ratio), the heat mirror-based parabolic trough receiver design has about 3–5% higher thermal efficiency as compared to the conventional receiver design. Furthermore, the heat transfer analysis reveals that depending on the spatial incident solar flux distribution, there is an optimum circumferential angle (θ = θoptimum, where θ is the heat mirror circumferential angle) up to which the glass envelope should be coated with Sn-In2O3. For angles higher than the optimum angle, the collector efficiency tends to decrease owing to increase in optical losses.
Phase
Change Material Freezing in an Energy Storage Module for a Micro Environmental Control
System
Authors: Ezzat
Khalifa H. , Koz Mustafa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study analyzes phase change material (PCM) freezing process in a novel latent heat storage device (LHSD). Heat is removed from the PCM with an embedded evaporator. A mathematical model of freezing in a finite-thickness PCM slab is presented. An experimentally validated reduced-order model (ROM) based on the mathematical model was developed to analyze the heat transfer between the freezing PCM and an evaporating refrigerant flowing inside a flat, microchannel tube coil embedded in the PCM. A detailed finite element model (FEM) of the same device was also developed and employed to verify the validity of the ROM over a wider range of conditions. The freezing times and total “cooling” stored in the PCM computed by the ROM agree very well with those computed by the detailed FEM. The ROM executes in ∼1 min for a full heat exchanger, compared with more than 10 h for the FEM, making the former much more practical for use in parametric analysis and optimization of design alternatives.
Mechanism
Analysis of Weakening Reverse Compression Waves in Gas Wave
Refrigerator
Authors: Liu Peiqi , Wu Kehan , Liu Sheng , Tan Wenhu , Zhu Che , Hu Dapeng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Pressure oscillating tubes are core components of the gas wave refrigerator. The reverse compression waves will limit refrigeration efficiency by reheat cooling gas. The promotion from traditional rotation gas wave refrigerator with single opened pressure oscillating tubes to the streamlined pressure exchange gas wave refrigerator with double opened pressure oscillating tubes is mainly in terms of this issue. However, through weakened, reverse compression waves are still inevitable. For further development, the concept of a wave attenuator has been proposed, installed at the high-temperature (HT) port. Numerical simulation has been utilized to analyze mechanism of wave attenuator and the practical effect has been proved by experiment research. The conclusions are as follows: due to structure of wave attenuator, the intensity of reverse compression waves has been weakened; the optimal structure of wave attenuator has been obtained; the refrigeration efficiency of the refrigerator has been significantly increased because of wave attenuator in HT port.
Mooring System Integrity in Exposed Locations and Narrow Channels
Authors: Flory John , Banfield Steve 
Published: July 2018

Larger vessels are now being moored at terminals which are exposed to high waves and in channels which are subjected to passing-ship-induced forces. These situations increase mooring line wear and loads and sometimes cause mooring failures.
This paper will discuss some of the associated problems and some of the solutions.
Use of high-performance fiber ropes instead of wire ropes can decrease mooring loads. These mooring line ropes can be handled by fewer people. The risk of injuries is greatly reduced.
When properly cared for, these fiber ropes last longer than wires in service. But fiber ropes are vulnerable to abrasion damage, especially in vessel fairleads. Special nylon fairlead liners are now available to eliminate this wear problem.
Fiber rope tails are used on mooring lines to increase stretch and reduce peak loads. Greater vessel motions at exposed location moorings have caused cyclic loading fatigue in nylon tails. Industry recommendations have now been clarified to allow the use of longer nylon tails and of polyester tails. More durable nylon tails are now available.
Larger vessels entering into and mooring along confined channels increase the risks of passing ship problems. Passing-ship induced forces increase with vessel size and with the greater speed at which larger vessels must pass in order to maintain steerage.
Computer mooring analyses should be conducted to ensure that mooring arrangements are adequate. These analyses should account for effects of waves at exposed locations and should include appropriate passing-ship forces.
This paper will be of interest to designers and operators of large vessels and of marine terminals intended for such vessels.
Paper published with permission.
Application of ASME Section VIII Division 3 to Compressed Natural Gas Transport
Authors: Sims J. Robert 
Published: July 2018

Marine transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is well established and extensive precedents for the design of the ships and tanks exist. Fewer precedents exist for the transport of compressed natural gas (CNG). This paper describes the application of composite (fiber) wrapped pressure vessels constructed to the requirements of ASME Section VIII Division 3, Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels (Division 3) to pressure vessels for marine CNG transport. Since the density of CNG is much lower than the density of LNG, efficient transport requires that the pressure vessels be as light as possible while ensuring pressure integrity. The advantages of a composite fiber wrap and of Division 3 construction for this application will be discussed.
Paper published with permission.
Mutually Responsible Competency: Dynamic Positioning Proficiency Development
Authors: Fuhrmann Chad N. 
Published: July 2018

DP operators are trained to be reactionary — to know what to do, how to do it, and when to do it — but understanding why certain actions are performed and the potential consequences is lacking. Further, the policies and procedures enacted at the management and regulatory levels fail to address many potential risks, further endangering personnel, the environment, assets, and operations. It is therefore an industry responsibility to monitor and develop the competencies of not only DP operational personnel, but also of shore side management at all levels, and to ensure the applicability of policies and procedures that affect DP operations.
Paper published with permission.
Understanding the Human Element in LNG Bunkering
Authors: Stokes Joanne , Moon Garry , Bend Rachael , Owen Douglas , Wingate Kyle , Waryas Ed 
Published: July 2018

Scenario based learning that places you in the various roles within the LNG bunkering process. Understand the knowledge requirements necessary to maximise safety in LNG bunkering operations. Discover how to assess the competency gap between crew, terminal personnel and port staff to mitigate the human element risks in LNG bunkering. Work together to utilize this analysis to determine training that builds upon existing skills, optimizes training times and harmonises with those involved in the operations.
Paper published with permission.
Towing Vessel Safety: Risk-Based Maintenance and Inspection of Towing Vessel Machinery and Systems
Authors: Eckhardt Bartley J. , Squicciarini Peter D. 
Published: July 2018

Failures of machinery and systems aboard towing vessels can have devastating consequences to the vessel, its crew, other vessels and their crews, shoreside populations and facilities, cargoes, marine transportation systems, commerce, and the environment. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing Risk-Based Maintenance and Inspections of towing vessel machinery and systems. Utilizing incident data from the United States Coast Guard (USCG) and other relevant industry information, the authors apply the principles set forth in ANSI/API Recommended Practice 580, Risk-based Inspection [1], as a guideline.
Relatively straightforward to implement, the methodology presented in this paper is expected to improve towing vessel safety, reduce potential dangers associated with towing operations, and provide favorable risk/benefit reward to vessel owners.
Paper published with permission.
Testing and Approval of Ballast Water Treatment Systems
Authors: Mouawad Jad 
Published: July 2018

The Ballast Water Management Convention was adopted in 2004 and Guidelines G8 for type approval of ballast water treatment systems were adopted in 2008. Since then, treatment systems have developed and testing procedures and capabilities have improved significantly.
In June 2012, the USCG final rules for the discharge standard of living organisms in ships’ ballast water entered into force. This final ruling includes prescriptive requirements for type approval of treatment systems that differ in substance from the non-mandatory type approval guidelines established under the BWM Convention.
This paper will explain the practical steps towards achieving a G8 type approval based on existing projects, and will address the possibility of combining type approvals following both Guidelines G8 and the USCG final rules.
Paper published with permission.
Jurisdictional Acceptance of Non-ASME Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy
Authors: Kemper Bart 
Published: July 2018

The Code of Federal Regulations specifically adopts the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code as the standards for diving systems in US waters. Not all hyperbaric systems are made to ASME standards. This paper presents methods used successfully to obtain US Coast Guard and other jurisdictional approval of non-ASME pressure vessels for human occupancy.
Paper published with permission.
Efficacy of intravitreal conbercept injection in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Bai Yichen , Nie Huanjie , Wei Shiyu , Lu Xiaohe , Ke Xiaoyun , Ouyang Xuejun , Feng Songfu 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injection in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).MethodsPatients with ROP who underwent IVC injection in Zhujiang Hospital from June 2015 to July 2016 were studied retrospectively. The primary outcome was defined as the regression of plus disease. The secondary outcomes were defined as the presence of recurrence, number of injections and the final regression of disease.ResultsA total of 48 eyes of 24 patients with ROP were included. Among them, 9 eyes of 5 patients had zone I ROP, 35 eyes of 18 patients had zone II ROP and 4 eyes of 2 patients had aggressive posterior ROP. The mean gestational age was 28.5±1.6 weeks, the mean birth weight was 1209.6±228.6 g, the mean postmenstrual age of first injection was 34.2±1.9 weeks and the mean follow-up period was 31.0±4.7 weeks. Forty of 48 eyes (83.3%) received IVC only once, and the regression of plus disease occurred at an average of 3.5±1.5 weeks after the first injection of conbercept. For eight recurrent eyes (16.7%), four eyes received a second IVC and the remaining four eyes received laser photocoagulation, and the regression of plus disease occurred in 3 weeks. No lens opacity, vitreous haemorrhage, entophthalmia or retinal detachment was observed during follow-up.ConclusionIVC injection is an effective treatment for ROP.