bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aneuploidy and oncoviruses
Authors: Taheri Fateme , Goudarzi Hossein , Faghihloo Ebrahim 
Published: August 2019

SummarySeven oncogenic viruses are known for tumorigenesis and contribute to 12% of all human cancers. The oncogenic factors, the target tissue, and pathology of cancer vary among these viruses with several mechanisms proposed for the initiation and development of cancer. Aneuploidy in cells is associated with anomalies in chromosome number that can be a hallmark of cancer, a disease defined by expanded proliferative potential. In this review, we summarize the different mechanisms of aneuploidy and furthermore discuss recent findings of the role of viral oncoproteins in inducing cellular aneuploidy that might facilitate tumorigenesis. Improved understanding of viral oncogenesis may help to find new strategies for controlling virus‐associated cancers.
CLAmp‐seq: A Novel Amplicon‐Based NGS Assay with Concatemer Error Correction for Improved Detection of Actionable Mutations in Plasma cfDNA from Patients with NSCLC
Authors: Wang Lin , Hu Xiaomeng , Guo Qiaomei , Huang Xia , Lin Chia‐Hui , Chen Xiao , Li Min , Yao Qianqian , Zhou Qianjun , Wang Jianmin , Lin Shengrong , Zhao Grace , Weng Li , Qian Kun , Lou Jiatao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is critical for targeted therapy selection and monitoring in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, low quantities of cfDNA in the blood and assay artifacts limit the sensitivity and specificity of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) test. This study develops a novel amplicon‐based NGS technology, CLAmp‐seq (circular ligation amplification and sequencing), with a concatemer‐based error correction strategy, which effectively removes polymerase errors from the first round of amplification. Analytical validation shows median detection rate of 100% at a mutant allele frequency (MAF) of 0.1% for 20 ng of input. The assay achieves 99.8% and 99.5% concordance of repeatability and reproducibility for 0.1% MAF, respectively, and both 100% for 0.5% MAF cfDNA standards. A comparative analysis of 134 NSCLC patient plasma samples demonstrates strong concordance (97.4%) and linearity (R2 = 0.95) between the CLAmp‐seq NGS readouts and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) results. The detection of mutants in cfDNA obtained from pretreatment plasma samples shows 94.8% concordance with tissue genotyping results. No mutation is detected in noncancerous control samples. It shows that CLAmp‐seq NGS assay can offer an easy‐to‐use, fast, and accurate molecular diagnostic tool with multiplex capacity that is well‐suited for clinical in vitro diagnosis.
Establishment mode choice by Chinese firms in Latin America: The role of host country‐specific experience and government official visits
Authors: Quer Diego , Rienda Laura , Andreu Rosario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study addresses establishment mode decisions by emerging‐market multinational enterprises entering other emerging economies. More precisely, we examine the influence of prior host country experience and home government official visits on the choice between the acquisition of a local company and the creation of a new subsidiary from scratch. By analyzing 315 investments carried out by Chinese firms in Latin America, we obtain that they are more likely to enter through an acquisition when they have established prior subsidiaries in the host country. Moreover, recent Chinese government official visits contribute to mitigate the difficulties of an acquisition for those companies with less local experience.
Vacuum metrology and its impact on research and industry
Authors: Jousten Karl 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBy accurate vacuum measurement, it is possible to control processes in industry, to ensure the necessary environmental conditions for many experiments in science and research and to support the commercial relationship between manufacturers and users of vacuum equipment. The main task of vacuum metrology, the science of vacuum measurement, is to provide traceability of vacuum measurements to the SI. In recent years, also the characterization of vacuum by partial pressure analysis and outgassing rate measurement, and the dynamics of vacuum measurement became an issue for vacuum metrology.
Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease
Authors: Mukund Kavitha , Subramaniam Shankar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDecades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The “omics” revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross‐talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems‐level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis.This article is categorized under:
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Conceptualizing the Secure Internet of Things
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this chapter we relate several iconic attacks on cyber-physical IoT systems to illustrate the clever ways attackers are able to achieve their objectives. The physicality of cyber-physical systems and resource limitations of constrained IoT devices present new challenges, both for attackers and systems designers. This chapter explores security trade-off consequences resulting from design decisions aimed at reducing device cost. We advocate more enlightened perspectives that consider the value of the device in terms of the broader network and system value. The security front line often is a constrained device requiring world-class security capabilities such as hardware underpinnings for cryptography, integrity protection, storage, and attestation. Devices that don’t provide the basic building blocks of security are the weak links in the system – which systems designers aim to quarantine.
IoT Software Security Building Blocks
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOleg Selajev from Oracle Labs is famous on Twitter for saying, “The ‘S’ in the IoT stands for security.” Oleg does not spell poorly; instead, he was bemoaning the sad state of affairs in IoT security. Despite the truth in Oleg’s statement, security does not have to be absent in IoT.
IoT Vertical Applications and Associated Security Requirements
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThroughout the previous chapters of this book, we have presented how different parts of an IoT system could be built and what components and frameworks are important and useful. In this chapter, we present what Intel is doing in the arena of IoT as complete vertical solutions. IoT spans a broad range of different markets, and therefore solutions must be tailored to the specific purposes of those markets and the specific security threats encountered or expected in those environments. There are similarities, to be sure. Each industry has different security demands due to the nature of the information handled and the mandate to conform to particular regulatory and industry standard bodies’ requirements. This chapter will provide an overview of the different verticals, associated security requirements, threats, and mitigations.
Introduction: Europe, Heritage and Memory—Dissonant Encounters and Explorations
Authors: van Huis Iris , Kaasik-Krogerus Sigrid , Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Ellena Liliana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe introduction to Dissonant Heritages and Memories in Contemporary Europe theoretically grounds the book’s various problematizations of heritage and identity struggles in Europe today, including the heritage policies of the EU and other intergovernmental organizations, struggles over ethnographic and historical exhibitions, activist practices, and dissonant memories. By discussing these struggles and their problematizations, the introduction connects the book to a wide range of ongoing debates across the humanities and social sciences. At the same time, it discusses how convergences and divergences within and between the volume’s chapters foster new insights regarding the concepts of dissonant heritage (transnational) memory, and Europe. The book thus builds on a wide array of theory from interdisciplinary fields, ranging from memory and heritage studies, social sciences, and postcolonial theory, while also adding new insights based on empirical research, specifically concerning the understanding and use of the concept of dissonance.
Conflicts and Reconciliation in the Postmillennial Heritage-Policy Discourses of the Council of Europe and the European Union
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLähdesmäki analyses the heritage-policy discourses of the EU and the Council of Europe. She particularly discusses how these institutions deal with the challenges the idea of heritage faces in today’s Europe and the opportunities that these may present to respond to these challenges. The analysis shows how the EU and the Council of Europe seek to reconcile heritage-related conflicts by approaching heritage as a space for civil participation, interaction, intercultural dialogue, and conversation about divergent values and narrations of the past. However, their policy discourses often relay on a static and materialist notion of heritage. This kind of discourse maintains geographical, cultural, political, socio-economic, and religious power hierarchies and an exclusive understanding of a common European cultural heritage.
A Geography of Coloniality: Re-narrating European Integration
Authors: Turunen Johanna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTurunen discusses how the “European significance” of the European Heritage Label (EHL) sites has been narrated through interconnections of European values and European integration. She argues that, in the context of the EHL, integration is intricately linked to the notion of spreading common values, which in turn is entangled with Eurocentrism. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the geography of coloniality: the underlying spatial structure that makes the coloniality of European cultural heritage and related hierarchies more visible. Ultimately, the chapter shows how the concept of coloniality enables us to analyse the ways Eurocentrism is also embedded in ideas about European cultural heritage beyond colonial heritage, examining the role trans-European initiatives like the EHL could have in the decolonization of European cultural heritage.
Supporting Mathematical Learning Processes by Means of Mathematics Conferences and Mathematics Language Tools
Authors: Selter Christoph , Walter Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, the instructional theory of Realistic Mathematics Education has exerted a powerful influence on mathematics education around the world. The idea of progressive mathematisation has gained international acceptance. In this chapter, we will illustrate the way in which we benefited from the idea of organising the teaching and learning of mathematics in keeping with this guiding principle. After some personal memories of the first author, we start by describing what we consider to be the central elements of the principle of progressive mathematisation. This is followed by a description of two methods, the mathematics conferences and mathematics language tools, for rendering the learning and teaching concepts entailed by the principle of progressive mathematisation—especially its vertical component—even more expedient and fruitful. The contribution concludes with an explanation of how we understand the term ‘realistic’ in Realistic Mathematics Education.
The Impact of Dutch Mathematics Education on Danish Mathematics Education
Authors: Niss Mogens 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHans Freudenthal—in his capacity as a mathematician as well as a very articulate and thoughtful mathematics educator, as an international ‘politician’ of mathematics education, as the founder of Educational Studies in Mathematics, as a prolific writer, as an organiser of meetings and conferences—exerted quite an influence on Danish mathematics education from the late 1960s onwards. The Dutch mathematics education tradition thus founded always received close attention from the Danish mathematics education community. In this chapter, I outline and discuss the nature of this influence and I attempt to provide an explanation of why this tradition has resonated so well with implicit and explicit movements in Denmark.
Searching for Alternatives for New Math in Belgian Primary Schools—Influence of the Dutch Model of Realistic Mathematics Education
Authors: De Bock Dirk , Van Dooren Wim , Verschaffel Lieven 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe sketch the turbulent history of primary mathematics education in Belgium during the last (half) century. The outline starts with traditional mathematics in the period before and shortly after World War II, an approach that is often, but partly unjustly, labelled as ‘mechanistic’. Then we focus on the rise of New Math or ‘modern mathematics’ in the 1970s. We briefly discuss its roots and describe how this structural approach, which basically followed the development at the secondary level, was implemented in Belgian primary schools. By the early 1980s, New Math was strongly criticised, which paved the way for its fall during the 1990s. This leads us to the current curricula that are strongly inspired by the Dutch model of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), while maintaining valuable elements of the strong Belgian tradition in developing students’ mental and written calculation skills and even some (minor) New Math accents. We describe in some detail the influence of RME on the different mathematical domains in these curricula, as well as some new challenges that arise on the horizon.
Recurrence Patterns After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastasis are Modified by Perioperative Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: Buisman Florian E. , Galjart Boris , van der Stok Eric P. , Balachandran Vinod P. , Boerner Thomas , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Jarnagin William R. , Kingham T. Peter , Verhoef Cornelis , D'Angelica Micheal I. , Groot Koerkamp Bas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the impact of perioperative systemic chemotherapy on the recurrence rate and pattern following resection of colorectal liver metastases.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in two centers. Rates and patterns of recurrence and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients treated with and without perioperative systemic chemotherapy. The clinical risk score (CRS) was used to stratify patients in low risk (CRS 0–2) and high risk (CRS 3–5) of recurrence.ResultsA total of 2020 patients were included, of whom 1442 (71%) received perioperative systemic chemotherapy. The median follow‐up was 88 months, and 1289 patients (64%) developed a recurrence. The recurrence pattern was independent of chemotherapy in low‐risk patients: intrahepatic recurrences (30% vs. 30%, p = 0.97) and extrahepatic recurrences (38% vs. 39%, p = 0.52). In high‐risk patients, no difference in intrahepatic recurrences was found (48% vs. 50%, p = 0.59). However, a lower rate of extrahepatic recurrences (43% vs. 55%, p = 0.007) was observed with perioperative systemic chemotherapy, mainly due to a reduction in pulmonary recurrences (25% vs. 35%, p = 0.007). In competing risk analysis, the cumulative incidence of extrahepatic recurrence was significantly lower with perioperative systemic chemotherapy in high‐risk patients only (5‐year cumulative incidence 44% vs. 59%, p < 0.001). Perioperative chemotherapy was associated with improved OS in high‐risk patients (adjusted HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.94, p = 0.02), but not in low‐risk patients (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.82–1.19, p = 0.90).ConclusionsPerioperative systemic chemotherapy had no association with intrahepatic recurrence, but was associated with fewer pulmonary recurrences and superior OS in high‐risk patients only.
Comparison Between the Protector™ Laryngeal Mask Airway and the Endotracheal Tube for Minimally Invasive Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Kotsovolis Georgios , Pliakos Ioannis , Panidis Stavros , Gkinas Dimitrios , Papavramidis Theodosios 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPharyngolaryngeal symptoms are a main concern after neck surgery. The Protector™ LMA is a new supraglottic airway device. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether application of the LMA Protector™ causes fewer pharyngolaryngeal symptoms than application of the endotracheal tube after minimally invasive total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.MethodsThis prospective, randomized controlled trial involved one university and one private practice clinic, during the period from January 2017 until November 2017. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: ETT and LMA. Main outcomes were Numerical Rating Scale scores of postoperative dysphagia, pharyngodynia, and incisional pain. Secondary outcomes were the frequency of rescue analgesia (paracetamol) consumption and emergence cough. Data were recorded in the post‐anesthesia care unit and at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery.ResultsData from 78 patients were included in the final analysis. Pharyngodynia scores were significantly lower in the LMA group, compared with the ETT group, at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h after surgery. Dysphagia and surgical incision pain scores were also significantly lower in the LMA group, compared with the ETT group, at 6 h and 12 h after surgery. The frequency of postoperative paracetamol consumption was significantly increased in the ETT group, compared with the LMA group. Finally, the LMA group had fewer episodes of emergence cough, compared with the ETT group.ConclusionThe LMA Protector™ causes fewer pharyngolaryngeal symptoms than the ETT within 6 and 12 h after minimally invasive total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03098667.
Oncologic Risk of Rectal Preservation Against Medical Advice After Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Comparative Cross‐Sectional Study with Rectal Preservation as Supported by Surgeon
Authors: Song Kwang‐Seop , Park Sung Chan , Sohn Dae Kyung , Oh Jae Hwan , Kim Min Jung , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Oh Heung‐Kwon , Kim Duck‐Woo , Kang Sung‐Bum ,   Seoul Colorectal Research Group (SECOG)
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRectal preservation against medical advice after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer may increase oncologic uncertainty. This study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing rectal preservation as intended by the surgeon, and the outcomes of patients refusing rectal resection against medical advice.MethodsThe study population consisted of patients in whom the rectum was preserved after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I–III mid or low rectal cancer between May 2003 and August 2017 (n = 2883); these patients were divided into those in whom rectal preservation was intended by their surgeon (intended rectal preservation, group A, n = 41) and those in whom the rectum was not resected against medical advice (unintended rectal preservation, group B, n = 101), defined as non‐operative management or local excision.ResultsThe tumor distance, age, and performance status of patients were not significantly different between the groups, while the clinical T stage before chemoradiotherapy was lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.001). During the median follow‐up period of 34 months (interquartile range 18.0–72.0 months), the 3‐year overall survival in group B (59.7%) was worse than that in group A (90.1%; P < 0.001), and 80.2% of group B patients had residual or unknown disease status.ConclusionsThis study showed that unintended rectal preservation increases oncologic risk after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer regardless of short‐term follow‐up. Therefore, these findings could be shared with rectal cancer patients who choose to ignore medical advice after chemoradiotherapy to preserve their rectum.
A global carbon market?
Authors: Pollitt Michael G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the prospects for a global carbon market as the centerpiece of any serious attempt to reach the ambitious goal for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions set by climate scientists. My aim is to clarify the extent to which we know what policy might best support global decarbonisation. We begin by discussing what we might mean by a global carbon market and its theoretical properties. We then go on to discuss the EU Emissions Trading System experience and the recent experience with the Australian carbon tax. Next, we assess recent carbon market initiatives in the US and in China. My argument is that while establishing the amount of emissions required and dividing it up acceptably between countries requires an enormous scientific and international negotiations effort, the economic instruments to deliver the agreed targets are readily at hand.
Centimeter-Level Recording for All: Field Experimentation with New, Affordable Geolocation Technology
Authors: Cobb Peter J. , Earley-Spadoni Tiffany , Dames Philip 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe methodical recording and representation of spatial data are central to archaeological fieldwork and research. Until recently, centimeter-level precise geolocation equipment was the exclusive domain of researchers who could afford setups costing tens of thousands of dollars. However, high-quality measurements are being made more accessible by rapidly evolving technologies. These new tools, when used together with mobile technology for efficiently recording field data, open up the possibility of capturing the precise location of every find during an archaeological surface survey. An important step in reaching the desired outcome—centimeter-level recording for all—is experimentation with a variety of emerging low-cost setups. Accordingly, we tested the Reach and Reach RS, differential global navigation satellite systems (dGNSS) equipment produced by the company Emlid, during a surface survey in Armenia in June 2018. Our field application demonstrates that the use of dGNSS is already possible and that the described advances in precision enable improved recording and representation of spatial data.