bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing conventional tagging methods and acoustic telemetry to inform management of Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan
Authors: Izzo Lisa K. , Dembkowski Daniel J. , Binder Thomas R. , Hayden Todd A. , Vandergoot Christopher S. , Hansen Scott P. , Caroffino David C. , Krueger Charles C. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Studies of fish movement using conventional tags or acoustic telemetry have different benefits and biases that can influence how conclusions are used in a management context. Our objective was to determine whether these two methods provided similar inferences regarding movements and spawning site fidelity of Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Michigan. Additionally, we assessed movement patterns and used telemetry to assess residency time of Lake Whitefish to provide managers with information on which stocks might be exposed to harvest in different regions.

Methods
Lake Whitefish were tagged during spawning in (1) North and Moonlight bays, (2) Big Bay de Noc, (3) the Menominee River, and (4) the Fox River. Proportions of fish moving between southern Green Bay, northern Green Bay, and Lake Michigan were compared between tag types. Spawning site fidelity was estimated for each tagging site. Seasonal residency indices were calculated using acoustic telemetry detections.

Result
Estimates differed between the two methods, but overall trends were similar. Fox River fish rarely left southern Green Bay, and fish tagged in North and Moonlight bays rarely entered Green Bay (&lt;10% of individuals). Big Bay de Noc and Menominee River fish moved into other regions more often (&gt;50% of individuals). The residency indices indicated that Big Bay de Noc fish spent most of their time in Lake Michigan while Menominee River fish spent little time in northern Green Bay despite transitioning to the region. Compared to telemetry, conventional tag recoveries underestimated the proportion of individuals moving among regions. Spawning site fidelity estimates (28–100%) varied among tagging groups and between methods.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that data from conventional tags can inform management at broad geographic scales. However, acoustic telemetry can provide fine-scale information. Information gained from telemetry can be useful in understanding exposure to fishing mortality, which may be valuable for informing management decisions.
Mechanical suppression of invasive Northern Pike in Box Canyon Reservoir, Washington
Authors: Bean Nicholas J. , Connor Jason M. , Olson Jason A. , Harvey Shane J. , Baker William P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Northern Pike Esox lucius recently invaded Box Canyon Reservoir, Washington, expanding to over 10,000 individuals by 2011. To limit further impacts, a significant reduction in population abundance was required. Project objectives were to reduce relative abundance (catch per unit effort [CPUE]) to less than 1.7 Northern Pike/net (87% reduction) in the core area and to less than 0.5 Northern Pike/net in the northern reservoir section within 3 years and then maintain those abundance targets thereafter.

Methods
Using gill nets, we conducted intensive annual (2012–2018) suppression each spring, focusing on spawning aggregations in shallow (&lt;2-m), flooded habitats. To evaluate CPUE, a standardized spring pike index netting (SPIN) survey was conducted annually in May and compared to suppression netting CPUE.

Result
In total, 17,464 Northern Pike were removed in 4868 net sets, with 92.9% captured in the first 3 years, limiting future recruitment. Mean SPIN CPUE in the core area declined from a presuppression (2011) high of 13.2 Northern Pike/net to less than 1.0 Northern Pike/net by 2014. Effort was reduced by up to 80% as the project transitioned from the initial suppression phase (2012–2014) to a control phase (2015–2018), which explored the minimum effort required to maintain abundance targets. A significant rebound in CPUE occurred from 2017 to 2018, indicating that over 267 net sets annually may be required for long-term control. Although the mean CPUE (±95% confidence interval) increased slightly in 2018 (0.6 ± 0.5 Northern Pike/net), the target abundance in the core area was achieved annually from 2013 to 2018. Changes in suppression CPUE reflected those observed in SPIN surveys, further validating the survey and corroborating abundance trends.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that the suppression of Northern Pike in large, complex waters is feasible but requires a substantial long-term commitment. We expect the suppression of this invasive species to become standard practice outside of its native range. The methodology and equipment described here could be applied directly or modified by others to suppress Northern Pike.
A Discrete Sine‐Cosine Transforms Galerkin Method for the Conductivity of Heterogeneous Materials With Mixed Dirichlet/Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Paux Joseph , Morin Léo , Gélébart Lionel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis work aims at developing a numerical method for conductivity problems in heterogeneous media subjected to mixed Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions. The method relies on a fixed‐point iterative solution of an auxiliary problem obtained by a Galerkin discretization using an approximation space spanned by mixed cosine‐sine series. The solution field is written as a known term verifying the boundary conditions and an unknown term described by cosine‐sine series, having no contribution on the boundary. Discrete sine‐cosine transforms, of Type I and III depending on the boundary conditions, are used to approximate the elementary integrals involved in the Galerkin formulation, which makes the method relying on the numerical complexity of fast Fourier transforms. The method is finally assessed in a problem of a composite material.
Efficacy and Complications of Interarytenoid Injection for Dysphagia in Infants 1‐Year‐Old and Under
Authors: House Trenton , Scheffler Patrick , Gerber Mark E. , Curtis Stuart , Woodward James , Killeen Stacey , Williams Dana , Richardson Clare M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and complication rates of interarytenoid injection augmentation (IAIA) for the treatment of dysphagia in patients 1 year of age and under and to determine if concurrent feeding therapy (FT) affects outcome.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingTertiary pediatric hospital.MethodsRetrospective review of patients 13 months of age and younger with dysphagia treated by IAIA over a 4‐year period. The efficacy of IAIA was determined by comparing perioperative videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) and Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) scores. Complication rates and utilization of concomitant FT were determined by evaluating postoperative admission and follow‐up records.ResultsSixty‐five patients met inclusion criteria (median age 8 months, interquartile range [IQR]: 7‐11). Sixty‐seven percent of patients improved on postoperative VFSS scores (median improvement in aspiration of 2 thickness levels, IQR 0‐3, P < .0001), and 56% improved in DOSS scores (median increase of 1, IQR: 0‐1.5, P < .0001). Ninety‐two percent of patients were discharged home on the day of surgery. The 30‐day relevant readmission rate was 5%. No patients had intraoperative complications or severe complications at follow‐up. No statistical difference in aspiration or DOSS was noted in the concomitant FT cohort due to a lack of sample size.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that IAIA in children under 13 months old shows comparable rates of success and complications to older patients reported in the literature. No patients had long‐term complications and most were discharged home on the day of surgery. More studies are needed to determine the effect of concomitant FT on IAIA.
Split‐Thickness Cartilage Graft Combined With Perichondrium for Endoscopic Repair of Total and Subtotal Drum Perforations
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed Mohammed , Gadulhaq Hossam Abdelhay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to describe our new modification to cartilage tympanoplasty for endoscopic repair of total and subtotal tympanic membrane perforations and evaluate its outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingMultiple institutions.MethodsThe study was conducted using records of patients who underwent tympanoplasty for subtotal and total perforations from January 2018 to June 2022. Utilizing an endoscopic transcanal approach, we employed a double graft consisting of outer tragal perichondrium supported by inner split‐thickness tragal cartilage as separate layers, both placed in an underlay fashion lateral to the malleus, without the need to elevate a tympanomeatal flap. Anatomical success was defined as complete primary closure of the perforation, while functional success was defined as achieving an air‐bone gap of ≤20 dB at 12 months postoperative.ResultsThe series involved 64 patients, predominantly males (53%). The mean age was 30.8 years. 56.3% of patients had subtotal perforations. The anatomical success rate was 90.6% while the functional success rate was 87.5%. Postoperative speech discrimination scores significantly increased in all patients.ConclusionOur modification provides effective anatomical and audiological outcomes. This technique reliably resists graft displacement and shrinkage before adequate healing. It avoids problems of elevating tympanomeatal flaps with comparable results to traditional approaches.
Factors Associated With Patient Portal Engagement in Otolaryngology
Authors: Siegel Jesse K. , Verducci Chloe , Hurtuk Agnes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveOnline patient portals are important tools for patient engagement, and their use has increased particularly since the COVID‐19 pandemic and the 21st Century Cures Act. However, prior work across various specialties has demonstrated disparities in patient portal usage with respect to age, gender, race, and insurance status. However, this has not been studied in the field of otolaryngology, and not since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.Study DesignRetrospective study.SettingSingle tertiary care outpatient otolaryngology practice over a 3‐year period (December 2019‐December 2022).MethodsWe used univariate and multivariate analyses to measure how patient portal use for appointment scheduling varied before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic and across demographic groups including gender, race, age, primary language, insurance type, and primary care physician (PCP) status (Loyola vs non‐Loyola).ResultsFrom December 2019 to December 2022, 49,462 unique patients scheduled 221,611 otolaryngology clinic visits. Significantly more online scheduling occurred after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic (10.7% vs 1.9%, P < .01). In multivariate analysis, male gender, age <18 or >65 years, non‐English primary language, and outside PCP were all associated with a lower likelihood of online appointment scheduling (P < .01 for each). Patients with Medicare had higher odds of portal use than commercially insured patients when controlling for other demographic variables (P = .034).ConclusionPatient portal use in otolaryngology has markedly increased over the last 3 years, but utilization varies across demographic groups. This provides an opportunity to improve patient portal content and outreach, and ultimately make portals more accessible to diverse patient populations.
Test rig for validating the integrated motion measurement of flexible beams
Authors: Kohl Michael , Györfi Benedikt , Wagner Jörg F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fundamental principle of integrated motion measurement (IMM) is integrated navigation with inertial sensors combined with, for example, a satellite navigation receiver. Accordingly, IMM makes use of the specific advantages of complementary sensors and blends them in a filter algorithm. To meet requirements in advanced motion measurements, for instance, for structural health monitoring or for structural control purposes, the approach of a single rigid body like in classical navigation no longer holds for IMM. As a solution, additional degrees of freedom (DOFs) for the moving structure are introduced, which represent deformations and allow the navigated body to be treated as a flexible structure. To cover a variety of flexible deformation shapes, a sufficient number of distributed inertial sensors is required. To restrict accumulating errors of these sensors, additional structural measurements for aiding are necessary. The signals of the inertial sensors and the aiding measurements are fused by an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to obtain an optimal estimation of the usual navigation states, extended by the deformation variables. The contribution presents the preparation of the experimental validation of an IMM system for a flexible structure, which represents an idealization of a wing or rotor blade by a movable beam. The mechanical and electrical setup of a test rig is described. Furthermore, the simulation of the test configuration, that is the model of a test beam with a variety of distributed sensors for generating artificial measurements as a test reference, is discussed. Finally, for an optimal sensor placement, the two methods of effective independence and maximization of modal energy are compared and experimentally tested for different amounts of additional flexible DOFs.
Parental Somatic Mosaicism Detected During Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Chandler Natalie J. , Scotchman Elizabeth , McKay Fiona , Ramachandran Vijaya , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAccurate recurrence risks are essential for genomic counselling and parental reproductive choices. Historically, Sanger sequencing was used to test parental samples, which has a limited sensitivity of ∼ 10% for detecting somatic mosaicism. Next generation sequencing (NGS) methods, utilised for non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) and trio prenatal exome sequencing in our laboratory, have greater sensitivity. Here we review the cases of parental somatic mosaicism we have detected and discuss its impact on management.MethodLaboratory databases from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2022 were reviewed to identify all cases where parental somatic mosaicism was detected during NIPD and prenatal exome testing.ResultsDuring the development of NIPD testing, we identified 10/131 (7.6%) families with parental somatic mosaicism. In six cases where NGS detected levels between 0.37% and 8.82%, prior testing with Sanger sequencing had not detected mosaicism. In our exome sequencing cohort, we detected parental mosaicism in 4/101 (3.96%) cases. Clinical features of the condition were identified in 2/14 parents.ConclusionThe sensitivity of the testing technique needs to be considered when counselling parents on recurrence risk. Parents need to be aware that modern approaches to prenatal diagnosis may allow identification of mosaicism, which may have implications for their own health and change recurrence risks for future pregnancies.
Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: New‐User Designs
Authors: Her Qoua L. , Rouette Julie , Young Jessica C. , Webster‐Clark Michael , Tazare John 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we review the history and key reasons for new‐user comparisons in pharmacoepidemiology, highlighting the target trial framework as a unifying framework. We describe three distinct pharmacoepidemiological new‐user study designs: (1) new‐user versus non‐user; (2) active comparator new‐user; (i.e., ACNU) and (3) prevalent new‐user (i.e., PNU) designs, and discuss how each relates to key issues of defining time zero, choosing appropriate comparator groups, and potential sources of bias they do and do not account for. We use a clinical example of hormone replacement therapy and the risk of coronary heart disease to illustrate practical considerations surrounding the application of the three designs presented.
Injury From Nematode Lung Migration Induces an IL‐13‐Dependent Hyaluronan Matrix
Authors: Dodd Rebecca J. , Moffatt Dora , Vachiteva Monika , Parkinson James E. , Chan Brian H. K. , Day Anthony J. , Allen Judith E. , Sutherland Tara E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA consistent feature of lung injury is a rapid and sustained accumulation of hyaluronan (HA). The rodent gut‐dwelling nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) induces tissue damage as it migrates through the lungs. Type 2 immune responses are essential for the repair of the lungs, hence Nb infection is a well‐established model to study immune‐mediated lung repair. We found that Nb infection was associated with increased HA in the lung, which peaked at d7 post‐infection (p.i.). Deposition of HA in the alveolar epithelium correlated with regions of damaged tissue and the type 2 immune response, which is characterized by eosinophilia and increased type 2 cytokines such as IL‐13. Consistent with the accumulation of HA, we observed increased expression of the major synthase Has2, alongside decreased expression of Hyal1, Hyal2, and Tmem2, which can degrade existing HA. Expression of Tsg6 was also increased and correlated with the presence of inter‐α‐inhibitor heavy chain–HA complexes (HC·HA) at d7 p.i. Using IL‐13‐deficient mice, we found that the accumulation of HA during Nb infection was IL‐13 dependent. Our data thus provide further evidence that IL‐13 is a modulator of the HA matrix during lung challenge and links IL‐13‐mediated HA regulation to tissue repair pathways.
Effect of Iron Contamination and Polysilicon Gettering on the Performance of Polysilicon‐Based Passivating Contact Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Zhongshu , Basnet Rabin , Samundsett Chris , Phang Sieu Pheng , Truong Thien , Kang Di , Liang Wensheng , Bui Anh Dinh , Wang Wei , Le Tien T. , Macdonald Daniel , Liu AnYao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, silicon solar cells with carrier‐selective passivating contacts based on polysilicon capping an ultra‐thin silicon oxide (commonly known as TOPCon or POLO) have demonstrated promising efficiency potentials and are regarded as an evolutionary upgrade to the PERC (passivated emitter and rear contact) cells in manufacturing. The polysilicon‐based passivating contacts also exhibit excellent gettering effects that relax the wafer and cleanroom requirements to some extent. In this work, we experimentally explore the impact of bulk iron contamination and polysilicon gettering on the passivation quality of the polysilicon/oxide structure and the resulting solar cells performance. Results show that both n‐ and p‐type polysilicon/oxide passivating contacts are not affected by iron gettering, demonstrating robust and stable passivation quality. However, for a very high bulk iron contamination (1 × 1013 cm−3), the accumulated iron in the p‐type lightly boron‐doped emitter in crystalline silicon would degrade the emitter saturation current density. This can cause a reduction in both open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current. Meanwhile, this very high iron content (1 × 1013 cm−3) can further degrade the fill factor and temperature coefficient of the cells. On the other hand, for an initial iron content of 2 × 1012 cm−3, which should be well above the iron level in the current industrial Czochralski silicon wafers, the resulting cells demonstrate similar performance as the control group with no intentional iron contamination. This work brings attention to both the benefits of polysilicon gettering effects as well as the potential degradation due to the accumulation of metal impurities in the p‐type emitter region.
Glycerol‐Based Copolyesters as Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
Authors: D'Anna Pasquale , Jacob Philippa L. , Axioti Eleni , Alvey Karen E. , Berfi Nana A. , Pearce James E. , Cavanagh Robert J. , Chauhan Veeren M. , Taresco Vincenzo , Conte Claudia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEnzymatic polymerization of glycerol‐based polyesters has emerged as a selective and sustainable strategy for the production of degradable, amphiphilic, PEG‐free polymeric materials. In the present work, we exploited the ability to produce copolyester variants of poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA), by adding a second functionalized diol in a one‐pot fashion. The produced glycerol‐based copolyesters, with a variety of amphiphilic balances and chemical functionalities along the backbone, have been screened as nanocarriers for drug delivery. The stability of the produced nanoparticles (NPs) was tested in relevant biological fluids and after freeze‐drying treatment. The new variants outperformed PGA homopolymers in the penetration through a gel‐like barrier as well as in their efficiency to encapsulate a poorly water‐soluble model drug. All the tested polymeric NPs formulations have demonstrated biocompatibility in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, that utilize Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Taken together, these preliminary results highlight the importance of introducing new chemistry along polyester backbones while tuning the amphiphilic nature of the final polymers to improve the performance of NP systems.
Monitoring acaricide resistance and the frequency of associated target‐site mutations in Tetranychus urticae populations from rose glasshouses in China
Authors: Zong Xinyu , Song Jiawen , Huang Xingting , Zhu Yuhang , Yu Haiwei , Ning Guogui , Zhao Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a serious pest of glasshouse roses. The rapid development of resistance to acaricides has severely impacted rose production. To investigate the resistance status of T. urticae in glasshouse rose cultivation in China, we tested the susceptibility of 10 populations to 12 commonly used acaricides and examined the frequency of target‐site mutations associated with acaricide resistance.RESULTSAll of the tested populations showed resistance to at least eight types of acaricides and exhibited high levels of resistance to abamectin, diafenthiuron, hexythiazox and spirodiclofen. The JN‐YN and LZ‐GS populations even developed >70 000‐fold resistance to abamectin. Additionally, resistance to the newly applied bifenazate or cyetpyrafen was detected in eight populations. Many glasshouse‐collected populations showed significantly increased activity of detoxifying enzymes and harbored high frequencies of target‐site mutations known to be associated with resistance. A newly discovered I136A mutation in cytb was detected at >85% frequencies in two populations with high levels of bifenazate resistance, and its frequency showed a strong correlation with the median lethal concentration values in all of the populations.CONCLUSIONSMultiple‐acaricide resistance exists extensively in all collected populations. The high resistance levels of collected populations to many acaricides, together with multiple target‐site mutations, indicate a serious resistance status of T. urticae in rose glasshouses in China. The role of the newly discovered I136A mutation in bifenazate resistance requires further verification. These results will be essential for implementing a well‐thought‐out resistance management program for rose cultivation in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.