bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hadley Circulation Regime Change: Combined Effect of the Western Pacific Warming and Increased ENSO Amplitude
Authors: Guo Yi-Peng , Tan Zhe-Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe variation in the interannual relationship between the boreal winter Hadley circulation (HC) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1948–2014 is investigated. The interannual variability of the HC is dominated by two principal modes: the equatorial asymmetric mode (AM) and the equatorial symmetric mode (SM). The AM of the HC during ENSO events mainly results from a combined effect of the ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies and the climatological background SST over the South Pacific convergence zone. Comparatively, the SM shows a steady and statistically significant relationship with ENSO; however, the interannual relationship between the AM and ENSO is strengthened during the mid-1970s, which leads to a HC regime change—that is, the interannual pulse of the HC intensity and its response to ENSO are stronger after the mid-1970s than before. The long-term warming trend of the tropical western Pacific since the 1950s and the increased ENSO amplitude play vital roles in the HC regime change. Although the tropical eastern Pacific also experienced a long-term warming trend, it has little influence on the HC regime change due to the climatologically cold background SST over the cold tongue region.
Preconditioning and Formation of Maud Rise Polynyas in a High-Resolution Earth System Model
Authors: Kurtakoti Prajvala , Veneziani Milena , Stössel Achim , Weijer Wilbert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOpen-ocean polynyas (OOPs) in the Southern Ocean are ice-free areas within the winter ice pack that are associated with deep convection, potentially contributing to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. To enhance the credibility of Earth system models (ESMs), their ability to simulate OOPs realistically is thus crucial. Here we investigate OOPs that emerge intermittently in a high-resolution (HR) preindustrial simulation with the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, version 0.1 (E3SMv0), an offspring of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). While low-resolution (LR) simulations with E3SMv0 show no signs of OOP formation, the preindustrial E3SMv0-HR simulation produces both large Weddell Sea polynyas (WSPs) as well as small Maud Rise polynyas (MRPs). The latter are associated with a prominent seamount in the eastern Weddell Sea, and their preconditioning and formation is the focus of this study. The steep flanks of the rugged topography in this region are in E3SMv0-HR sufficiently well resolved for the impinging flow to produce pronounced Taylor caps that precondition the region for convection. Aided by an accumulation of heat in the Weddell Deep Water layer, the ultimate trigger of convection that leads to MRPs is the advection of anomalously high upper-ocean-layer salinity. The crucial difference to WSP-producing LR ESM simulations is that in E3SMv0-HR, WSPs are realistically preceded by MRPs, which in turn are a result of the flow around bathymetry being represented with unprecedented detail.
The Nebraska Mesonet: Technical Overview of an Automated State Weather Network
Authors: Shulski Martha , Cooper Stonie , Roebke Glen , Dutcher Al 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Nebraska Mesonet was established in 1981 as one of the nation’s first automated state weather networks. “Automated” is defined by the nature of the observations being made and recorded by machine, as opposed to observations made and recorded manually. At the time of inception, the five observing locations were geared toward servicing agricultural production applications. The Nebraska Mesonet has grown to 69 stations (as of 2018) and is now a multipurpose environmental observing network under the Nebraska State Climate Office (NSCO). The network is composed of environmental observation stations, sited using best practices for mesoscale and microscale environment situations. Precise observations are acquired using high-quality instrumentation, following manufacturer recommendations for calibrations and maintenance. Calibrations are performed in the NSCO calibration laboratory. Uses for the data include but are not limited to water management, drought monitoring, energy production, health, environmental research, animal management, and crop pest management. This paper provides a technical overview and history of the network, outlining current practices for station siting, maintenance, data quality assurance, and data utility.
Weather Radar Time Series Simulation: Improving Accuracy and Performance
Authors: Curtis Christopher D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTime series simulation is an important tool for developing and testing new signal processing algorithms for weather radar. The methods for simulating time series data have not changed much over the last few decades, but recent advances in computing technology call for new methods. It would seem that faster computers would make better-performing simulators less necessary, but improved technology has made comprehensive, multiday simulations feasible. Even a relatively minor performance improvement can significantly shorten the time of one of these multiday simulations. Current simulators can also be inaccurate for some sets of parameters, especially narrow spectrum widths. In this paper, three new modifications to the conventional simulators are introduced to improve accuracy and performance. Two of the modifications use thresholds to optimize both the total number of samples and the number of random variates that need to be simulated. The third modification uses an alternative method for implementing the inverse Fourier transform. These new modifications lead to fast versions of the simulators that accurately match the desired autocorrelation and spectrum for a wide variety of signal parameters. Additional recommendations for using single-precision values and graphical processing units are also suggested.
A Remote Sensing and Atmospheric Correction Method for Assessing Multispectral Radiative Transfer through Realistic Atmospheres and Clouds
Authors: Burley Jarred L. , Fiorino Steven T. , Elmore Brannon J. , Schmidt Jaclyn E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The ability to quickly and accurately model actual atmospheric conditions is essential to remote sensing analyses. Clouds present a particularly complex challenge, as they cover up to 70% of Earth’s surface, and their highly variable and diverse nature necessitates physics-based modeling. The Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) is a verified and validated atmospheric propagation and radiative transfer code that creates physically realizable vertical and horizontal profiles of meteorological data. Coupled with numerical weather prediction (NWP) model output, LEEDR enables analysis, nowcasts, and forecasts for radiative effects expected for real-world scenarios. A recent development is the inclusion of the U.S. Air Force’s World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (WWMCA) cloud data in a new tool set that enables radiance calculations through clouds from UV to radio frequency (RF) wavelengths. This effort details the creation of near-real-time profiles of atmospheric and cloud conditions and the resulting radiative transfer analysis for virtually any wavelength(s) of interest. Calendar year 2015 data are analyzed to establish climatological limits for diffuse transmission in the 300–1300-nm band, and the impacts of various geometry, cloud microphysical, and atmospheric conditions are examined. The results show that 80% of diffuse band transmissions are estimated to fall between 0.248 and 0.889 under the assumptions of cloud homogeneity and maximum overlap and are sufficient for establishing diffuse transmission percentiles. The demonstrated capability provides an efficient way to extend optical wavelength cloud parameters across the spectrum for physics-based multiple-scattering effects modeling through cloudy and clear atmospheres, providing an improvement to atmospheric correction for remote sensing and cloud effects on system performance metrics.
A Multiscale Approach to High-Resolution Ocean Profile Observations within a 4DVAR Analysis System
Authors: Carrier Matthew J. , Osborne John J. , Ngodock Hans E. , Smith Scott R. , Souopgui Innocent , D’Addezio Joseph M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Most ocean data assimilation systems are tuned to process and assimilate observations to constrain features on the order of the mesoscale and larger. Typically this involves removal of observations or computing averaged observations. This procedure, while necessary, eliminates many observations from the analysis step and can reduce the overall effectiveness of a particular observing platform. Simply including these observations is not an option as doing so can produce an overdetermined, ill-conditioned problem that is more difficult to solve. An approach, presented here, aims to avoid such issues while at the same time increasing the number of observations within the assimilation. A two-step assimilation procedure with the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system is adopted. The first step attempts to constrain the large-scale features by assimilating a set of super observations with appropriate background error correlation scales and error variances. The second step then attempts to correct smaller-scale features by assimilating the full observation set with shorter background error correlation scales and appropriate error variances; here the background state is taken as the analysis from the first step. Results using a real high-density observation set from underwater gliders in the region southeast of Iceland, collected during the 2017 Nordic Recognized Environmental Picture (NREP) experiment, will be shown using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model 4DVAR (NCOM-4DVAR).
Diabetes and the direct secondary use of electronic health records: Using routinely collected and stored data to drive research and understanding
Authors: Robbins Tim , Lim Choi Keung Sarah N , Sankar Sailesh , Randeva Harpal , Arvanitis Theodoros N 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Electronic health records provide an unparalleled opportunity for the use of patient data that is routinely collected and stored, in order to drive research and develop an epidemiological understanding of disease. Diabetes, in particular, stands to benefit, being a data-rich, chronic-disease state. This article aims to provide an understanding of the extent to which the healthcare sector is using routinely collected and stored data to inform research and epidemiological understanding of diabetes mellitus. Methods Narrative literature review of articles, published in both the medical- and engineering-based informatics literature. Results There has been a significant increase in the number of papers published, which utilise electronic health records as a direct data source for diabetes research. These articles consider a diverse range of research questions. Internationally, the secondary use of electronic health records, as a research tool, is most prominent in the USA. The barriers most commonly described in research studies include missing values and misclassification, alongside challenges of establishing the generalisability of results. Discussion Electronic health record research is an important and expanding area of healthcare research. Much of the research output remains in the form of conference abstracts and proceedings, rather than journal articles. There is enormous opportunity within the United Kingdom to develop these research methodologies, due to national patient identifiers. Such a healthcare context may enable UK researchers to overcome many of the barriers encountered elsewhere and thus to truly unlock the potential of electronic health records.
Platelet-rich plasma decreases fibroblastic activity and woven bone formation with no significant immunohistochemical effect on long-bone healing: An experimental animal study with radiological outcomes
Authors: Canbeyli İbrahim Deniz , Akgun Rahmi Can , Sahin Orcun , Terzi Aysen , Tuncay İsmail Cengiz 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on healing of long-bone fractures in terms of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the Ki-67 proliferation index, and radiological and histological analyses. Methods: Sixteen adult rabbits, whose right femoral diaphysis was fractured and fixed with Kirschner wires, were randomly divided into two groups, control and PRP (groups A and B, respectively). PRP was given to group B at 1 week postoperatively, and all animals were euthanized after 12 weeks. Radiographic evaluations were performed periodically. Cortical callus formation, chondroid and woven bone area percentages, osteoblastic and fibroblastic activities, and mature bone formation were examined. The depths of BMP-2 and VEGF staining were measured. The Ki-67 proliferation index was also calculated. Results: The mean radiological union score of group B was significantly higher than that of group A. There were also statistically significant differences between groups A and B in terms of cortical callus formation, woven bone area percentage, fibroblast proliferation, and mature bone formation. Group B had significantly more cortical callus and mature bone formation with less woven bone and fibroblast proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of BMP-2 and VEGF staining and the Ki-67 index. Conclusions: PRP had no effect on BMP-2 or VEGF levels with no increase in the Ki-67 proliferation index, although its application had a positive effect on bone healing by increasing callus and mature bone formation with decreased woven bone and fibroblast proliferation.
Tardive dyskinesia update: treatment and management
Authors: Owens David Cunningham 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYThe development of rational treatments for tardive dyskinesia has been held back by limitations to our understanding of its aetiology, which even now does not extend far beyond its association with centrally acting dopamine-blocking drugs. This article reviews briefly the major aetiological theories and addresses general management and specific treatment options. Primary prevention and early recognition remain the crucial management issues because, once the condition is established, there are no satisfactory treatments. The article considers two newly developed drugs, valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, in some detail as, although they are not yet licensed in Europe, they have largely been responsible for an upsurge in interest in tardive dyskinesia in the North American literature and are likely to be widely promoted in the future. Although possessed of undoubted benefits, the evidence suggests that these represent small steps rather than large leaps forward in treatment.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Be able to discuss the major aetiological theories on the causation of a common, and sometimes serious, adverse action of antidopaminergic drugs•Understand general management and specific treatment options•Understand the pharmacology and efficacy of two drugs recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of tardive dyskinesiaDECLARATION OF INTERESTD.C.O. is psychiatric commissioner on the Commission on Human Medicines, the UK drug regulator, and chair of its expert advisory group on CNS drugs. He is also a member of the psychiatry Scientific Advisory Group of the European Medicines Agency.
Postoperative Management of Resected Brain Metastases: When Can Radiotherapy Be Deferred?
Authors: Mehta Minesh P. , Kotecha Rupesh 
Published: October 2018

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed 17 months ago with stage IIIB non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; adenocarcinoma), without a targetable mutation, for which she received chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy. She developed new-onset gait ataxia, nausea, morning emesis, and headaches. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan demonstrated a 3.2-cm left cerebellar enhancing metastatic lesion, with surrounding vasogenic edema and mass effect, and three additional enhancing cortical, parenchymal lesions, each < 1.2 cm in maximum diameter, and none with significant mass effect ( Fig 1A ). A restaging positron emission tomography scan revealed no new sites of metastatic disease and no obvious intrathoracic progression. She underwent craniotomy, with piecemeal resection of the cerebellar metastatic lesion that proved to be recurrent lung cancer ( Fig 1B ). Her medical history was significant for mild hypertension and diet-controlled type II diabetes. She had smoked one pack a day for 32 years and had quit 3 years earlier. Postoperatively, her neurologic symptoms resolved, and physical and neurologic examinations were unrevealing; she had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0 and a Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 29 of 30. A 3-week postoperative MRI scan confirmed the presence of 1-cm right frontal, 1.2-cm right parietal, and 1.2-cm left temporal enhancing lesions with minimal enhancement and no evidence of mass effect or edema. In addition, there was an ill-defined residual tumor bed, estimated to be approximately 3.7 cm in maximum diameter ( Fig 1C ). The patient was no longer receiving any steroids and was not receiving any anticonvulsants. Because of the residual three brain metastatic lesions, as well as the consideration of a high risk of surgical failure, she was referred for radiotherapy.
As the Crow Flies: Yi Sang’s Aerial Poetics
Authors: Kim John H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis essay rereads the work of Yi Sang (1910–37) against the early twentieth-century revolution in aerial photographic technologies. It argues that the aerial view (and the problem of “blind sight” that attends it) functions as a dynamic organizing principle for understanding the complex network of technoscientific, political, and existential concerns driving Yi’s literary and graphic practice, across both his Japanese and his Korean works. Bringing together a comparative framework with select close readings, the essay shows how aeriality furnished Yi with a particular set of structures and signs with which to engage larger questions around the nature of seeing, the limits of objectivity and rationality, and the possibilities and politics of creative expression.
The Posthuman and Transboundary Imagination in Contemporary Korean Literature: Considering the Works of Pae Myŏnghun and Yun Ihyŏng
Authors: Yeon Namkyung 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Literature limited to the eyes of “humanity” as created by humanism is insufficient to explore the conditions faced in the twenty-first century. The posthuman forms prevalent in contemporary South Korean literature, such as cyborgs, humanoids, and artificial intelligence, go beyond reflecting scientific developments; they operate as critical, political rhetoric with regard to discourses of modernity. This article focuses on the posthuman forms and also future time and space in Pae Myŏnghun’s and Yun Ihyŏng’s short stories in relation to critical posthumanism. Although Pae’s allegorical approach may seem somewhat simplistic, the posthuman forms that are brought to life in his works are highly innovative and effectively criticize modern systems. In contrast to Pae, Yun uses the futuristic subject to concentrate on humans, through narratives of coexistence where nonsynchronism is in operation. Yun’s narratives focus on a performative posthuman discourse that traverses gender, age, and class-based dualisms. With hybrid, multilayered, and performative identities and the transgression of boundaries, the two writers undermine the modern notion of linear, progressing time and cast doubt on notions of objectivity or totalized knowledge, urging a rethinking of the “here and now.”
Encountering the Alien: Alterity and Innovation in North Korean Science Fiction since 1945
Authors: Berthelier Benoît 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrom the translations of Soviet sci-fi and biographies of foreign scientists published in popular science magazines after liberation, to the exotic settings and strange technologies of contemporary novels, the history of science fiction in North Korea is marked by an engagement with the strange, the foreign, and the novel. Retracing the history of the genre from 1945 to the present time, this essay attempts to understand how North Korean science fiction has managed its constitutive alterity. In so doing, it explores tales of space travel fused with socialist realist production novels, how Hollywood blockbuster tropes met North Korea’s nationalist rhetoric, and how juche literary theory assessed the legacy of writers such as H. G. Wells, George Orwell, and A. E. van Vogt. The production of works of science fiction in North Korea has evolved in relationship with the country’s cultural, social, and ideological trends. As such, this essay highlights how the political stakes of scientific progress have influenced the themes and narrative structures of the genre. Nonetheless, North Korean literature’s politicization has not excluded tensions and ambiguities, innovation and change, external influences and curiosity toward the other. The international or interplanetary settings of science fiction have thus allowed for the introduction of hitherto unseen affects, characters, and plot devices in North Korean novels and short stories.
NFIA and GATA3 are crucial regulators of embryonic articular cartilage differentiation
Authors: Singh Pratik Narendra Pratap , Yadav Upendra Singh , Azad Kimi , Goswami Pooja , Kinare Veena , Bandyopadhyay Amitabha 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
During appendicular skeletal development, the bi-potential cartilage anlagen gives rise to transient cartilage, which is eventually replaced by bone, and to articular cartilage that caps the ends of individual skeletal elements. While the molecular mechanism that regulates transient cartilage differentiation is relatively well understood, the mechanism of articular cartilage differentiation has only begun to be unraveled. Furthermore, the molecules that coordinate the articular and transient cartilage differentiation processes are poorly understood. Here, we have characterized in chick the regulatory roles of two transcription factors, NFIA and GATA3, in articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and the coordinated differentiation of articular and transient cartilage. Both NFIA and GATA3 block hypertrophic differentiation. Our results suggest that NFIA is not sufficient but necessary for articular cartilage differentiation. Ectopic activation of GATA3 promotes articular cartilage differentiation, whereas inhibition of GATA3 activity promotes transient cartilage differentiation at the expense of articular cartilage. We propose a novel transcriptional circuitry involved in embryonic articular cartilage differentiation, maintenance and its crosstalk with the transient cartilage differentiation program.