bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service Content effizienter erzeugen
Authors: Lämmer Lutz , Blümel Harald 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAngesichts des Kostendrucks im Produktgeschäft stehen viele Unternehmen vor der Frage, wie sie ihr margenträchtigeres Servicegeschäft ausbauen können. Die Vernetzung von Produkten über das Internet of Things (IoT) ermöglicht neue Serviceangebote wie Fernwartung, Predictive Maintenance, funktionale (Software‐)Updates usw. oder sogar innovative „Product as a Service“‐Angebote. Statt z. B. Klimaanlagen zu verkaufen, verkauft der Hersteller nur noch die Klimatisierung eines bestimmten Raumvolumens pro Jahr und übernimmt auch die Verantwortung für die Wartung und Verfügbarkeit der Anlage. Voraussetzung für die Ausschöpfung dieser neuen Servicepotenziale ist zum einen eine engere Verzahnung der Prozesse in Entwicklung, Produktion und Service und zum anderen eine durchgängige Digitalisierung der Informationsflüsse von der Erstellung und Bereitstellung der Servicedokumentation über die Ersatzteilversorgung bis zur Rückkopplung von Änderung aus dem Feld in die Serviceorganisation. Eine konsequente Digitalisierung der servicerelevanten Informationen erlaubt zugleich ihre Visualisierung im Produktkontext mithilfe von Verfahren der Augmented Reality (AR) oder auch die Nutzung der digitalen Produktmodelle für die additive Fertigung von Ersatzteilen vor Ort.Im Folgenden werden, aufbauend auf dem gleichzeitig veröffentlichten Whitepaper, die Möglichkeiten einer durchgängigen Nutzung digitaler Daten im Service mit der PROSTEP Service‐Content‐Lösung erläutert und Potenziale für die Effizienzsteigerungen aufgezeigt, die sich daraus für die Prozesse im Ersatzteilwesen und After Sales ergeben.
The genetic basis of size in pet dogs: The study of quantitative genetic variation in an undergraduate laboratory practical
Authors: Wilding Craig 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe teaching of quantitative genetic variation in the undergraduate laboratory practical environment can be difficult as, for quantitative phenotypes that are under the control of multiple loci, detection of phenotypic differences caused by individual variants is problematical without large samples, impractical in such classes. Pet dogs provide a clear example of quantitative genetic variation with individual breeds ranging in size from 1 to 70 kg weight yet with little intrabreed variability. In contrast to humans where there are few identified genetic variants known to be involved in the genetically controlled size phenotype, in dogs, seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six genes have been demonstrated to explain half of the phenotypic variance. In the practical described here, a single G‐A SNP (within intron 2 of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 gene) is studied through PCR, sequencing, and bioinformatics. Average breed weight of dogs of different genotypes at this SNP show significant differences in size (median [IQR] of AA = 10 kg [6–15 kg], AG = 23.75 kg [14–30 kg], GG = 30 kg [24.5–37 kg] from our class data) with an estimate of just ≈N = 16 dogs needing to be genotyped to demonstrate a significant difference in size between dogs harboring the two homozygous genotypes. In the practical described herein, from a single laboratory and a single computer session, students are able to see the clear effect of genotype on a quantitative trait. Examination of the variant in the Ensembl browser (www.ensembl.org) allows students to understand the genomic basis of this variant and appreciate the wealth of data and information publicly available in genome browsers. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):623–629, 2018.
Determination of Aqueous Two‐Phase System Binodals and Tie‐Lines by Electrowetting‐on‐Dielectric Droplet Manipulation
Authors: Kojima Taisuke , Lin Chu‐Chi , Takayama Shuichi , Fan Shih‐Kang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHandling the aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs) formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) relies on the accurate construction of binodal curves and tie‐lines, which delineate the polymer concentrations required for phase separation and depict the properties of the resulting phases, respectively. Various techniques to determine the binodal curves and tie‐lines of ATPSs exist, but most rely on manually pipetting relatively large volumes of fluids in a slow and tedious manner. We describe a method to determine ATPS binodals and tie‐lines that overcomes these disadvantages: microscale droplet manipulation by electrowetting‐on‐dielectric (EWOD). EWOD enables automated handling of droplets in an optically transparent platform that allows for in situ droplet observation. Separated phases are clearly visible, and the volumes of each phase are readily determined. Additionally, in considering the molecular crowding present in living cells, this work examines the role of a macromolecule in prompting LLPS. These results show that EWOD‐driven droplet manipulation effectively interrogates the phase dynamics of ATPSs and macromolecular crowding in LLPS.
The Emerging Role of Tetrazines in Drug‐Activation Chemistries
Authors: Neumann Kevin , Gambardella Alessia , Bradley Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTraditionally, prodrug activation has been limited to enzymatic triggers or gross physiological aberrations, such as pH, that offer low selectivity and control over dosage. In recent years, the field of prodrug activation chemistry has been transformed by the use of bioorthogonal reactions that can be carried out under biological conditions at sub‐millimolar concentrations, with the tetrazine‐mediated inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction amongst the most recognised. Their high reaction rates, chemoselectivity and excellent biocompatibility make tetrazines ideal small molecules for activating prodrugs. Recently the tetrazine moiety has been used as a prodrug for a pyridazine thus broadening the scope of prodrug systems. This article discusses the concept of using tetrazines as small‐molecule activators for prodrugs, and provides an overview of tetrazine‐based prodrug systems, with a particular focus on the recently reported prodrug–prodrug activation strategy.
Identification of Small‐Molecule Modulators of Diguanylate Cyclase by FRET‐Based High‐Throughput Screening
Authors: Christen Matthias , Kamischke Cassandra , Kulasekara Hemantha D. , Olivas Kathleen C. , Kulasekara Bridget R. , Christen Beat , Kline Toni , Miller Samuel I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) is a key regulator of cellular motility, the cell cycle, and biofilm formation with its resultant antibiotic tolerance, which can make chronic infections difficult to treat. Therefore, diguanylate cyclases, which regulate the spatiotemporal production of c‐di‐GMP, might be attractive drug targets for control of biofilm formation that is part of chronic infections. We present a FRET‐based biochemical high‐throughput screening approach coupled with detailed structure–activity studies to identify synthetic small‐molecule modulators of the diguanylate cyclase DgcA from Caulobacter crescentus. We identified a set of seven small molecules that regulate DgcA enzymatic activity in the low‐micromolar range. Subsequent structure–activity studies on selected scaffolds revealed a remarkable diversity of modulatory behavior, including slight chemical substitutions that reverse the effects from allosteric enzyme inhibition to activation. The compounds identified represent new chemotypes and are potentially developable into chemical genetic tools for the dissection of c‐di‐GMP signaling networks and alteration of c‐di‐GMP‐associated phenotypes. In sum, our studies underline the importance of detailed mechanism‐of‐action studies for inhibitors of c‐di‐GMP signaling and demonstrate the complex interplay between synthetic small molecules and the regulatory mechanisms that control the activity of diguanylate cyclases.
Prognostic significance, angiographic characteristics and impact of antithrombotic and anticoagulant therapy on outcomes in high versus low grade coronary artery ectasia: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Gunasekaran Prasad , Stanojevic Dusan , Drees Taylor , Fritzlen John , Haghnegahdar Megan , McCullough Matthew , Barua Rajat , Mehta Ashwani , Hockstad Eric , Wiley Mark , Earnest Matthew , Tadros Peter , Genton Randall , Gupta Kamal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prognostic significance of high vs. low grade coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and the impact of antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy on adverse cardiac outcomes.BackgroundThere is paucity of knowledge on the impact of angiographic characteristics in CAE or that of antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy on outcomes.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed angiograms and medical records of all cases of confirmed CAE (2001–2011). Extent of CAE was categorized using the Markis classification. Types 1 and 2 were categorized as high‐grade and types 3 and 4 as low‐grade CAE. Angiographic flow was recorded as normal or sluggish (<TIMI 3). Outcomes assessed were acute coronary syndromes and all‐cause mortality on follow‐up. The study included 317 patients with CAE (mean follow‐up of 9.7 ± 2.3 years). High‐grade CAE (n = 151) had a significantly higher incidence of ACS on follow‐up (41% vs. 30%, P = 0.01; OR 2.0, CI 1.3–3.3, P = 0.01) despite similar underlying CAD. Sluggish coronary flow (irrespective of CAE grade) was also associated with a higher incidence of ACS (45% vs. 28%, P < 0.01; OR 2.25, CI 1.4–3.6, P = 0.01). Presence of both sluggish flow and high‐grade CAE had an additive effect on occurrence of ACS (OR 4, CI 2.0–7.8, P < 0.01). Neither sluggish flow nor high‐grade CAE were associated with mortality. Dual‐antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) or use of oral anticoagulation was associated with a reduced incidence of ACS (17% vs. 34%, P = 0.03 and 29% vs. 42%, P = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionThe angiographic extent of CAE and sluggish coronary flow are independent predictors of future ACS despite good medical management. DAPT or oral anticoagulation reduces the risk of future ACS.
Initial experience of a large, self‐expanding, and fully recapturable transcatheter aortic valve: The UK & Ireland Implanters’ registry
Authors: Dowling Cameron , Firoozi Sami , Doyle Niamh , Blackman Daniel J. , Malkin Christopher J. , Cunnington Michael S. , Saraf Smriti , Buch Mamta H. , Levy Richard , Chowdhary Saqib , Spence Mark S. , Manoharan Ganesh , Owens Colum G. , Brennan Paul F. , Roberts David , More Ranjit , Wiper Andrew , Abdelaziz Hesham K. , Mylotte Darren , Neylon Antoinette , Martin Niamh , Mercanti Federico , Dorman Stephen , Panoulas Vasileios , Dalby Miles , Kashyap Mavin N. , Kabir Tito , Kovac Jan , Kontoprias Kosmas , Malik Iqbal S. , Ghada Mikhail W. , Sen Sayan , Ruparelia Neil , Demir Ozan M. , Frame Angela , Uren Neal G. , Anderson Richard , Rajathurai Thirumaran , Tapp Luke , Deegan Lauren , Grech Ever , Hall Ian , Neville Melanie , Rampat Rajiv , Hildick‐Smith David , Mullen Michael , Kennon Simon , Chandrala Pavan , Doshi Sagar , Brecker Stephen J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objectives: The UK & Ireland Implanters’ registry is a multicenter registry which reports on real‐world experience with novel transcatheter heart valves.
Background: The 34 mm Evolut R transcatheter aortic valve is a self‐expanding and fully recapturable transcatheter aortic valve, designed to treat patients with a large aortic annulus.
Methods: Between January 2017 and April 2018, clinical, procedural and 30‐day outcome data were prospectively collected from all patients receiving the 34 mm Evolut R valve across 17 participating centers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The primary efficacy outcome was the Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2(VARC‐2)‐defined endpoint of device success. The primary safety outcome was the VARC‐2‐defined composite endpoint of early safety at 30 days.
Results: A total of 217 patients underwent attempted implant. Mean age was 79.5 ± 8.8 years and Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality Score 5.2% ± 3.4%. Iliofemoral access was used in 91.2% of patients. Device success was 79.7%. Mean gradient was 7.0 ± 4.6 mmHg and effective orifice area 2.0 ± 0.6 cm2. Paravalvular regurgitation was more than mild in 7.2%. A new permanent pacemaker was implanted in 15.7%. Early safety was demonstrated in 91.2%. At 30 days, all‐cause mortality was 3.2%, stroke 3.7%, and major vascular complication 2.3%.
Conclusions: Real‐world experience of the 34 mm Evolut R transcatheter aortic valve demonstrated acceptable procedural success, safety, valve function, and incidence of new permanent pacemaker implantation.
Highly Selective Silica‐supported Copper Catalysts Derived from Copper Phyllosilicates in the Hydrogenation of Adipic Acid to 1,6‐hexanediol
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Wei , Tu Cheng‐Chieh , Chen Chao‐Huang , Lin Yu‐Chuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHydrogenation of adipic acid (AA) is a potential way to prepare 1,6‐hexanediol (HDOL). Herein, silica‐supported copper catalysts derived from copper phyllosilicates were synthesized, characterized, and tested in the hydrogenation of AA to HDOL. In a full conversion of AA, a high yield of HDOL (approximately 90 %) was obtained through the use of each Cu‐based catalyst. The turnover frequency calculated according to the consumption rate of AA was discovered to be dependent on the Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) ratio and the reduction condition. Moreover, recycling tests showed that a catalyst derived from a copper phyllosilicate had better stability compared with Cu/SiO2 made through impregnation due to a stronger interaction between Cu and silica. The kinetic analyses based on the global rate expression and Langmuir−Hinshelwood−Hougen−Watson (LHHW) formalism of AA conversion were conducted. The possible competitive adsorption between AA and its derivatives, including hydroxycaproic acid and ϵ‐caprolactone, was thereby revealed.
Fluorescent Cadmium Bipillared‐Layer Open Frameworks: Synthesis, Structures, Sensing of Nitro Compounds, and Capture of Volatile Iodine
Authors: Chen Tang‐Ching , Tsai Meng‐Jung , Wu Jing‐Yun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFluorescent Cd metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd2(dicarboxylate)2(NI‐bpy‐44)2] (dicarboxylate=benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (1,4‐bdc, 1), 2‐bromobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (Br‐1,4‐bdc, 2), 2‐nitrobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (NO2‐1,4‐bdc, 3), biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate (bpdc, 4); NI‐bpy‐44=N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthalimide)), featuring non‐ and twofold interpenetrating pcu‐type bipillared‐layer open structures with sufficient free voids of 58.4, 51.4, 51.5, and 41.4 %, respectively, have been hydro(solvo)thermally synthesized. MOFs 1–4 emitted solid‐state blue or cyan fluorescence emissions at 447±7 nm, which mainly arose from NI‐bpy‐44 and are dependent on the incorporated solvents. After immersing the crystalline samples in different solvents, that is, H2O and DMSO (1 and 2) as well as nitrobenzene and phenol (1–4), they exhibited a remarkable fluorescence quenching effect, whereas o‐xylene and p‐xylene (4) caused significant fluorescence enhancement. The sensing ability of MOFs 1–4 toward nitro compounds carried out in the vapor phase showed that nitrobenzene and 2‐nitrophenol displayed detectable fluorescence quenching with 1, 2, and 4 whereas 4‐nitrotoluene was an effective fluorescence quencher for 1 and 2; this is most likely attributed to their electron‐deficient properties and higher vapor pressures. Moreover, MOFs 1–4 are highly reusable for quick capture of volatile iodine, as supported by clear crystal color change and also by immense fluorescence quenching responses owing to the donor–acceptor interaction. Low‐pressure CO2 adsorption isotherms indicate that activated materials 1′–4′ are inefficient at taking up CO2.
Application of In Situ Product Crystallization and Related Techniques in Biocatalytic Processes
Authors: Hülsewede Dennis , Meyer Lars‐Erik , von Langermann Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis Minireview highlights the application of crystallization as a very powerful in situ product removal (ISPR) technique in biocatalytic process design. Special emphasis is placed on its use for in situ product crystallization (ISPC) to overcome unfavorable thermodynamic reaction equilibria, inhibition, and undesired reactions. The combination of these unit operations requires an interdisciplinary perspective to find a holistic solution for the underlying bioprocess intensification approach. Representative examples of successful integrated process options are selected, presented, and assessed regarding their overall productivity and applicability. In addition, parallels to the use of adsorption as a very similar technique are drawn and similarities discussed.
A simple quantitative chiral analysis of amino acid esters by fluorine‐19 nuclear magnetic resonance using the modified James–Bull method
Authors: Hamaguchi Naoto , Okuno Yuta , Oe Yohei , Ohta Tetsuo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA simple chiral analysis of amino acid esters by fluorine‐19 nuclear magnetic resonance (19F NMR) through the modified James–Bull method is described. Thus, amino acid ester acid salt was treated with 5‐fluoro‐2‐formylphenylboronic acid and (S)‐BINOL in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) and MS4A for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was analysed by 19F NMR directly to afford good quantifications.
Bacteria Hunt Bacteria through an Intriguing Cyclic Peptide
Authors: Abdel Monaim Shimaa A. H. , Somboro Anou M. , El‐Faham Ayman , de la Torre Beatriz G. , Albericio Fernando 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the last few decades, peptides have been victorious over small molecules as therapeutics due to their broad range of applications, high biological activity, and high specificity. However, the main challenges to overcome if peptides are to become effective drugs is their low oral bioavailability and instability under physiological conditions. Cyclic peptides play a vital role in this context because they show higher stability under physiological conditions, higher membrane permeability, and greater oral bioavailability than that of their corresponding linear analogues. In this regard, cyclic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained considerable attention in the field of novel antibiotic development. Bacterial strains produce cyclic AMPs through two pathways: ribosomal and nonribosomal. This review provides an overview of the chemical classification of cyclic AMPs isolated from bacteria, and provides a description of their biological activity and mode of action.
Air Pollution in Europe
Authors: Koolen Cedric D. , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this short critical perspective, we outline the serious problems caused by air pollution in Europe. Using two types of metrics, level assessment and trend assessment, we quantify the contribution of ammonia, NOx, SOx, non‐methane volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter in terms of years of life lost per capita and explain the connection between the various pollutants and their effects on human health and the environment. This is done on the basis of data collected by individual European Union (EU) member states as well as by the EU as a whole. We examine general emission trends as well as sector‐specific emissions and discuss the effectiveness of current legislation in reducing health risks and environmental damage. By combining these results with a cost–benefit analysis, we show that a further reduction in NOx emissions is the most urgent and potentially the most beneficial.
Study on arc mode and shape transformation in the arc motion stage between transverse magnetic field contacts
Authors: Pang X.H. , Wang T. , Xiu S.X. , Feng D.Y. , Jing H. 
Published: November 2018

Transverse magnetic field (TMF) contacts drive the vacuum arc moving along the contact surface by producing a magnetic field perpendicular to the arc current flow, which makes the arc energy distribute uniformly and prevents the contact from serious ablation due to local overheating. The characteristics of arc motion between the TMF contacts directly determine the surface temperature distribution and contact erosion. Also, it is closely related to the breaking ability of the contacts. In this paper, the arc motion between spiral‐type contacts was recorded by a high‐speed camera. By analysing the arc voltage and arc images, the characteristics of arc shape transformation in the motion stage under different currents were studied. At the same time, the influence of arc duration and arc characteristics before the motion stage on the arc motion is discussed. It is found that the arc behaviour before the motion stage did influence the shape transformation and range of arc rotation. After entering the motion stage, there was always a rapid transformation process of the arc shape and the arc would return to where it first became constricted after a short movement. After a continuous movement, it might rotate in a small region where the arc stagnated before the motion stage. In addition, the arc behaviour was also related to its duration. When the opening time was varied from 2 to 5 ms, the arc velocity decreased. Meanwhile, it was more likely that multiple transformations of the arc aggregation degree occurred.
Detecting species at low densities: a new theoretical framework and an empirical test on an invasive zooplankton
Authors: Walsh Jake R. , Pedersen Eric J. , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpecies often occur at low abundance and, as a result, may evade detection during sampling. Here, we develop a general theoretical model of how the probability of detecting a species in a discrete sample varies with its mean density in that location based on sampling statistics. We show that detection probability at low densities can be approximated with a simple one parameter saturating function: The probability of detection (P) should increase with the mean number of individuals in a discrete sample (N) as P ~ αN/(1 + αN). We further show how the parameter α will be affected by species spatial aggregation, within‐sample observability, and gear catchability. We use the case of the invasive zooplankter, spiny water flea (Bythotrephes longimanus), to demonstrate that this theoretical model fits the empirical pattern of detectability. In Lake Mendota, WI, Bythotrephes went undetected despite rigorous long‐term zooplankton monitoring (possibly as long as 14 yr with 15 sampling dates/yr). Using our modeling framework, we found that the likelihood of detecting Bythotrephes was low unless peak annual densities exceeded 0.1 individuals/m3 over multiple years. Despite using models based on Bythotrephes ecology to identify ways to increase detectability, detection probabilities remained low at low densities, such that cases of missed detection such as Lake Mendota are possible despite rigorous monitoring effort. As such, our theoretical model provides a simple rule of thumb for estimating sampling effort required to detect rare species when densities are expected to be low: The minimum samples required (S) to reliably detect a species can be approximated as S ~ (1 + N)/N.
Forecasting the Dubai financial market with a combination of momentum effect with a deep belief network
Authors: Karathanasopoulos Andreas , Osman Mohammed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractApplying recent advances in machine learning techniques, we propose a hybrid model to forecast the Dubai financial market general index. Particularly, we exploit a deep belief networks model that applies a restricted Boltzmann machine as its main component in combination with momentum effects. We also introduce an innovative way of selecting the inputs by using momentum effects. With this hybrid methodology we generate a prediction model along with a comparison of three different linear models. The results obtained from the hybrid model are better and more stable than the three linear models. The findings support that the hybrid model we applied will find their way into finance because of their reliability and good performance.