bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi‐modified SrTiO3‐based ceramics for high‐temperature energy storage applications
Authors: Kong Xi , Yang Letao , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Shujun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDielectric capacitors with high energy storage performance are in great demand for emerging advanced energy storage applications. Relaxor ferroelectrics are one type dielectric materials possessing high energy storage density and energy efficiency simultaneously. In this study, 0.9(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3–0.1Bi(Mg0.5Me0.5)O3 (Me = Ti, Zr, and Hf) dielectric relaxors are designed and the corresponding energy storage properties are investigated. The excellent recoverable energy density of 3.1 J/cm3 with a high energy efficiency of 93% is achieved at applied electric field of 360 kV/cm for 0.9(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3–0.1Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 (0.9SBT–0.1BMH) ceramic. High breakdown strength of 460 kV/cm in 0.9SBT–0.1BMH ceramic is obtained by Weibull distribution with satisfied reliability. In addition, 0.9SBT–0.1BMH shows outstanding thermal stability of energy storage performance up to 200°C, with the variation being less than 5%, together with satisfying cycling stability and high charge‐discharge rate, making the 0.9SBT–0.1BMH ceramic a potential lead‐free candidate for high power energy storage applications at elevated temperature.
Higher expression of SATB2 in hepatocellular carcinoma of African Americans determines more aggressive phenotypes than those of Caucasian Americans
Authors: Yu Wei , Roy Sanjit K. , Ma Yiming , LaVeist Thomas A. , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the United States, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) incidence has tripled over the past two decades. The disease has disproportionately affected minority and disadvantaged populations. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of SATB2 gene in HCC cells derived from African Americans (AA) and Caucasian Americans (CA) and assess its oncogenic potential by measuring cell viability, spheroid formation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), stem cell markers and pluripotency maintaining factors in cancer stem cells (CSCs). We compared the expression of SATB2 in human primary hepatocytes, HCC cells derived from AA and CA, and HCC CSCs. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells derived from AA expressed the higher level of SATB2 than those from CA. By comparison, normal human hepatocytes did not express SATB2. Higher expression of SATB2 in HCC cells from AA was associated with greater growth rate, cell viability, colony formation and EMT characteristics than those from CA. Knockout of SATB2 in CSCs by Crispr/Cas9 technique significantly inhibited the expression of SATB2 gene, stem cell markers (CD24, CD44 and CD133), pluripotency maintaining factors (c‐Myc, KLF4, SOX2 and OCT4), and EMT compared with non‐targeting control group. The expression of SATB2 was negatively correlated with miR34a. SATB2 rescued the miR‐34a‐mediated inhibition of CSC's viability. These data suggest that SATB2 is an oncogenic factor, and its higher expression may explain the disparity in HCC outcomes among AA.
Astilbin prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice through the inhibition of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Jin Haiming , Wang Qingqing , Chen Kai , Xu Ke , Pan Hao , Chu Feifan , Ye Zhen , Wang Ziyi , Tickner Jennifer , Qiu Heng , Wang Chao , Kenny Jacob , Xu Huazi , Wang Te , Xu Jiake 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is the most common osteolytic disease characterized by excessive osteoclast formation and resultant bone loss, which afflicts millions of patients around the world. Astilbin, a traditional herb, is known to have anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and antihepatic properties, but its role in osteoporosis treatment has not yet been confirmed. In our study, astilbin was found to have an inhibitory effect on the RANKL‐induced formation and function of OCs in a dose‐dependent manner without cytotoxicity. These effects were attributed to its ability to suppress the activity of two transcription factors (NFATc1 and c‐Fos) indispensable for osteoclast formation, followed by inhibition of the expression of bone resorption‐related genes and proteins (Acp5/TRAcP, CTSK, V‐ATPase‐d2 and integrin β3). Furthermore, we examined the underlying mechanisms and found that astilbin repressed osteoclastogenesis by blocking Ca2+ oscillations and the NF‐κB and MAPK pathways. In addition, the therapeutic effect of MA on preventing bone loss in vivo was further confirmed in an ovariectomized mouse model. Therefore, considering its ability to inhibit RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanisms, astilbin might be a potential candidate for treating osteolytic bone diseases.
Oral hygiene revisited. The clinical effect of a prolonged oral hygiene phase prior to periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients. A randomized clinical study
Authors: Preus Hans R. , AL‐Lami Qamar , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a 3‐month strict oral hygiene phase on key parameters of periodontitis: plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD).Materials and MethodsForty‐four patients with severe periodontal disease were randomly allocated to a test or a control group. The test group completed a 3‐month strict oral hygiene phase. The control group did not receive any instructions or motivation on oral hygiene until after the 3‐month period. Plaque, BOP and PPDs were registered on four sites of each tooth at baseline and after 3 months in both groups, as well as after the postponed hygiene phase in the control group.ResultsA statistically significant and profound reduction in plaque, BOP and PPD was observed after the 3 months in the test group. No change to the better occurred in the control group.ConclusionA 3‐month strict oral hygiene phase in patients referred for periodontal therapy reduced plaque, BOP and pocket depth to such an extent that it could affect therapy planning.
Evolutionary Origin and Host Range of Plagiotoma lumbrici (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), an Obligate Gut Symbiont of Lumbricid Earthworms
Authors: Obert Tomáš , Vďačný Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFour common earthworm species, the anecic Lumbricus terrestris, the endogeic Octolasion tyrteum as well as the epigeic Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta, were examined for the presence of the microbial gut symbiont Plagiotoma lumbrici. The evolutionary origin of this endobiotic microbe was reconstructed, using the 18S rRNA gene, the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 region, and the first two domains of the 28S rRNA gene. Plagiotoma lumbrici was exclusively detected in the anecic Lumbricus terrestris. Multigene analyses and the ITS2 secondary structure robustly determined the phylogenetic home of Plagiotoma lumbrici populations within the oxytrichid Dorsomarginalia (Spirotrichea: Hypotrichia) as a sister taxon of the free‐living Hemiurosomoida longa. This indicates that earthworms obtained their gut endosymbiont by ingesting soil/leaf litter containing oxytrichine ciliates that became adapted to the intestinal tract of earthworms. Interestingly, according to the literature data, Plagiotoma lumbrici was detected in multiple anecic and some epigeic but never in endogeic earthworms. These observations suggest that Plagiotoma lumbrici might be adapted to certain gut conditions and the lifestyle of anecic Lumbricidae, such as Lumbricus, Aporrectodea, and Scherotheca, as well as of some co‐occurring epigeic Lumbricus species.
Tolerance of soya lecithin in children with non‐immunoglobulin E‐mediated soya allergy: a randomised, double‐blind, cross‐over trial
Authors: Gholmie Y. , Lozinsky A.C. , Godwin H. , Reeve K. , Dzubiak R. , Shah N. , Meyer R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSoya lecithin is present in a wide variety of foods regularly consumed by children, in the form of an emulsifier or stabiliser. Children with non‐immunoglobulin (Ig)E‐mediated allergies who commonly have to avoid milk and soya will have a significantly restrictive diet with reduced alternative foods if soya lecithin also has to be eliminated. The present study aimed to establish whether children with non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal soya allergy react to soya lecithin in food products.MethodsA double‐blind, cross‐over study was performed in soya‐allergic children aged between 8 months and 5 years. Eligible children had their soya allergy status confirmed with a home challenge. Children were randomly assigned to either placebo or challenge dose of soya lecithin (1.5 g per day) in a custom‐made biscuit. This was followed by a 1‐week washout period and cross‐over to another 1 week of challenge or placebo dose. Symptoms were recorded prior to commencing the study and at the end of each week’s challenge.ResultsTwenty‐two children, 16 boys, with a median age of 44 months (range 21–58 months) were recruited, although only 20 completed the full study. The median number of foods avoided in addition to soya was 3. Over the challenge period, the parents reported reactions in six cases: five cases (23%) to the placebo and one case (5%) to the challenge dose. There was no statistical difference (P = 0.025) between the groups.ConclusionsOne child with a non‐IgE‐mediated gastrointestinal allergy had a slight reaction to soya lecithin. Although single cases may react to soya lecithin, we suggest that soya lecithin should be included in children with this delayed allergy, unless they have a confirmed reaction to traces of soya within this emulsifier.
Increased pro‐collagen 1, elastin, and TGF‐β1 expression by copper ions in an ex‐vivo human skin model
Authors: Ogen‐Shtern Navit , Chumin Katerina , Cohen Guy , Borkow Gadi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical studies demonstrated that continued exposure to copper oxide–embedded textiles, such as pillowcases, significantly reduces depth of facial wrinkles and skin sagging and enhances skin elasticity.ObjectiveStudy the mechanisms by which the exposure to copper ions improve the well‐being of the skin.MethodsHuman skin explants, cultured ex‐vivo, were exposed topically to saline alone or saline containing 0.02 or 1 µmol/L copper ions. The skin explants viability, histology and secretion of elastin, pro‐collagen 1, and TGF‐β1 to the culture medium were determined at various time intervals.ResultsExposure to saline containing 0.02 or 1 µmol/L copper ions did not affect the viability or morphological profile of the explants as compared to control explants treated with saline only. Notably, exposure of the skin grafts to 0.02 or to 1 µmol/L of copper ions resulted in ~100% and ~20% increases in elastin and pro‐collagen 1 concentrations, respectively, in the culture supernatants already after 1 day of incubation, which remained statistically significantly elevated also after 6 days on incubation, as compared to the control explants. In addition, ~2‐ and ~4‐fold increases in TGF‐ß1 levels in the culture supernatants of explants exposed to the copper ions were detected after 4 and 6 days of culture, as compared to the explants exposed to saline alone.ConclusionThis study substantiated the anti‐aging effect that copper ions have on the skin and gave insights into the mechanisms by which exposure of the skin to copper ions improves the skin well‐being.
Leisure‐time physical activity and life expectancy in people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression
Authors: Chudasama Y. V. , Zaccardi F. , Gillies C. L. , Dhalwani N. N. , Yates T. , Rowlands A. V. , Davies M. J , Khunti K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether and to what extent leisure‐time physical activity at the recommended levels of 150‐min moderate activity is associated with survival in people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression is unknown.MethodsUK Biobank participants were classified into groups: (i) no disease; (ii) diabetes; (iii) cardiovascular disease (CVD); (iv) depression; (v) diabetes and CVD; (vi) diabetes and depression; (vii) CVD and depression; (viii) diabetes, CVD and depression. Leisure‐time physical activity was categorized as active (meeting recommendations) or inactive. Survival models were applied to estimate life expectancy.ResultsA total of 480 940 participants were included (median age, 58 years; 46% men; 95% white), of whom 74% with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression were inactive. During a mean follow‐up of 7 years, 11 006 deaths occurred. At age of 45 years, being physically active was associated with 2.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.93, 3.54) additional years of life compared with being inactive in participants with diabetes; corresponding estimates were 2.28 (1.40, 3.16) for CVD; 2.15 (0.05, 4.26) for diabetes and CVD; and 1.58 (1.27, 1.89) for no disease. Participants with a combination of diabetes, CVD and depression, being active was associated with 6.81 (−1.50, 15.31) additional years compared with being inactive; corresponding estimates were 3.07 (−2.46, 8.59) for diabetes and depression; 2.34 (−1.24, 5.91) for CVD and depression; and 0.80 (−0.46, 2.05) for depression. A similar pattern was found at 65 years.ConclusionsMeeting the recommended level of physical activity was associated with a longer life expectancy in people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity but not in those with depression.
CD36 expression on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells correlates with enhanced proliferation and migratory activity
Authors: Sakurai Kotaro , Tomihara Kei , Yamazaki Manabu , Heshiki Wataru , Moniruzzaman Rohan , Sekido Katsuhisa , Tachinami Hidetake , Ikeda Atsushi , Imaue Shuichi , Fujiwara Kumiko , Noguchi Makoto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have demonstrated the pro‐tumour role of CD36 in multiple cancer types. However, its role has not been well elucidated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of CD36 in proliferation and migration of OSCC cells.MethodsHuman OSCC cell lines HSC‐2, HSC‐3, HSC‐4 and Ca9‐22 were assessed for proliferation by staining with the cell proliferation marker Ki‐67. We also assessed migration activity, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules such as E‐cadherin and β‐catenin and platelet‐derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) of CD36‐positive cells.ResultsCD36‐positive cells showed increased expression of Ki‐67 and migration activity compared with CD36‐negative cells. Moreover, CD36‐positive cells showed reduced expression of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin, whereas the expression of PDGFRs increased compared with that in CD36‐negative cells.ConclusionsOur results strongly suggest that CD36 has an important role in facilitating the proliferation and migration activity of OSCC cells, indicating its usefulness in the diagnosis of high‐grade tumour and targeted therapy of oral cancer.
Atopic dermatitis made easy: The Schachner Ladder
Authors: Oberlin Kate E. , Nanda Sonali 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe vast majority of atopic dermatitis follows a mild, chronic relapsing course. In this article, we highlight the art and practice of treating atopic dermatitis based upon a foundation of maintenance care and a ladder of therapy that can teach patients and their families how to best tailor their pharmaceutical options to optimize the management of their disease.
Inequality and Bias in the Demand for and Supply of News
Authors: Owen Ann L. , Wei Andrew 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWe examine how the supply and demand for news stories that reference an individualistic concept change in response to changes in inequality and the prevailing ideology.MethodsWe use Google Trends data to construct an index of demand for individualistic news and a database of newspaper articles to construct an index of supply. We estimate fixed effects models on state and DMA‐level data from 1993 to 2017.ResultsDemand for individualistic news is higher in more conservative areas and it is even stronger when inequality rises. Supply of individualistic news is higher when the share of income to the top 1 percent is higher. The supply effect is strongest in more liberal areas.ConclusionThese results provide evidence of both confirmation bias influencing demand and media capture influencing supply. Confirmation bias and media capture are distinct phenomenon, but provide reinforcing explanations for why consumption of individualistic news increases with inequality.
ToolBox: Live Imaging of intracellular organelle transport in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons
Authors: Boecker Clemens Alexander , Olenick Mara A. , Gallagher Elizabeth R. , Ward Michael E. , Holzbaur Erika L. F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold promise to revolutionize studies of intracellular transport in live human neurons and to shed new light on the role of dysfunctional transport in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we describe an approach for live imaging of axonal and dendritic transport in iPSC‐derived cortical neurons. We use transfection and transient expression of genetically‐encoded fluorescent markers to characterize the motility of Rab‐positive vesicles, including early, late and recycling endosomes, as well as autophagosomes and mitochondria in iPSC‐derived neurons. Comparing transport parameters of these organelles with data from primary rat hippocampal neurons, we uncover remarkable similarities. In addition, we generated lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1)‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) knock‐in iPSCs and show that knock‐in neurons can be used to study the transport of endogenously labeled vesicles, as a parallel approach to the transient overexpression of fluorescently labeled organelle markers.
Workplace Dynamics in Professional Sport: A Case Study of Identification, Political Skill, and Personal Control
Authors: Swanson Steve , Todd Samuel Y. 
Published: October 2019

This case is based on a collection of real-life scenarios encountered by employees working for professional sport organizations. The workplace in this environment contains circumstances distinct to the sport context which this case aims to highlight. A small work group of three individuals with diverse backgrounds representing key departments in a professional basketball club are brought together to lead a difficult challenge in the community. Over the course of the season, several meetings and personal interactions play out which present difficulties in productivity due to individual differences in human relations capacity and varying psychological connections with the environment. In combination with the teaching notes, the case is designed to highlight (1) the special nature of employee identification in the professional sport setting, (2) an array of political skills which are relevant and useful to the sport workplace, and (3) the role of perceived personal control in sport organizations. An overview of theory and its specific application to the case is provided along with discussion questions and answers to aid instructors in effectively engaging with students around the topical areas.
The Isometric Horizontal Push Test: Test–Retest Reliability and Validation Study
Authors: Dello Iacono Antonio , Valentin Stephanie , Sanderson Mark , Halperin Israel 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To investigate the test–retest reliability and criterion validity of the isometric horizontal push test (IHPT), a newly designed test that selectively measures the horizontal component of maximal isometric force. Methods: Twenty-four active males with ≥3 years of resistance training experience performed 2 testing sessions of the IHPT, separated by 3 to 4 days of rest. In each session, subjects performed 3 maximal trials of the IHPT with 3 minutes of rest between them. The peak force outputs were collected simultaneously using a strain gauge and the criterion equipment consisting of a floor-embedded force plate. Results: The test–retest reliability of peak force values was nearly perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient = ∼.99). Bland–Altman analysis showed excellent agreement between days with nearly no bias for strain gauge 1.2 N (95% confidence interval [CI], −3 to 6 N) and force plate 0.8 N (95% CI, −4 to 6 N). A nearly perfect correlation was observed between the strain gauge and force plate (r = .98, P < .001), with a small bias of 8 N (95% CI, 1.2 to 15 N) in favor of the force plate. The sensitivity of the IHPT was also good, with smallest worthwhile change greater than standard error of measurement for both the strain gauge (smallest worthwhile change: 29 N; standard error of measurement: 17 N; 95% CI, 14 to 20 N) and the force plate (smallest worthwhile change: 29 N; standard error of measurement: 18 N; 95% CI, 14 to 19 N) devices. Conclusions: The high degree of validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the IHPT, coupled with its affordability, portability, ease of use, and time efficacy, point to the potential of the test for assessment and monitoring purposes.
Quaternary glaciovolcanism in the Canadian Cascade volcanic arc—Paleoenvironmental implications
Authors: Wilson* A.M. , Russell J.K. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Volcanoes that interact with the cryosphere preserve indicators of their eruption environments. These glaciovolcanoes and their deposits have powerful potential as proxies of local and global paleoclimates. The Garibaldi volcanic belt is the northern (Canadian) segment of the Cascade volcanic arc. In this study, we compiled a comprehensive database of Quaternary volcanic landforms and deposits in the Garibaldi volcanic belt. We found that the region exhibits a high degree of volcanic diversity, and a significant component of this diversity is due to the abundance of glaciovolcanoes. These include: tuyas, tindars, subglacial tephra cones, ice-impounded lavas, subglacial domes and breccias, subglacial lava flows, and lava-dominated tuyas. As a group, they inform the presence, thickness, and transient properties of ancient, continental-scale ice sheets (i.e., the Cordilleran ice sheet) that have waxed and waned in thickness and extent across the region. We ascribe much of the character of glaciovolcanism in the Garibaldi volcanic belt to a wide range of magma compositions (alkaline basalt to rhyolite) and to the extreme relief of the landscape. We used forensic volcanologic evidence, in conjunction with our database, to define a terrestrial-based reconstruction of ice-sheet thickness and extent that spans the latter half of the Quaternary (i.e., past ~1 m.y.). We then compared our reconstruction to the marine isotope stage (MIS) record and found a number of positive correlations and discordances. We show glaciovolcanoes to be an excellent, and underutilized, proxy for Earth’s paleoclimate, and a powerful tool for reconstructing ice sheets predating the last glaciation.