bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Appropriate Pediatric Sports Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Their Psychometric Properties: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suryavanshi Joash R. , Goto Rie , Jivanelli Bridget ,   PRiSM Outcomes Measures Research Interest Group, Aberdeen Jamila , Duer Timothy , Lam Kenneth C. , Franklin Corinna C. , MacDonald James , Shea Kevin G. , Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Phenomena including early sport specialization and year-round training and competition have contributed to an increase in pediatric sports injuries. There has been a concomitant increase in clinical studies focusing on physically active children and adolescents. These studies include investigations of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). While the use of PROMs in pediatric orthopaedics has been increasing, PROMs are often inappropriately applied to study populations for whom they are not specifically validated. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive list of pediatric- and adolescent-validated PROMs and catalog their psychometric properties as a resource for clinicians and researchers. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of articles in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library was performed to identify articles developing and validating PROMs appropriate for use in pediatric sports medicine research. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age <18 years, the use of surveys and questionnaires, and the presence of sports-related injuries. The psychometric properties of included PROMs were entered into an electronic database. Results: Our search strategy identified 14,708 unique articles, among which 139 studies (0.9%) were included in the final data analysis. Forty-seven distinct PROMs were identified, as well as 160 cross-cultural adaptations. While all identified PROMs were validated in physically active young participants, only 12 (26%) were specifically created initially for active children. Thirty (64%) PROMs were health-related quality-of-life measures; 13 (28%) were psychosocial measures; and 4 (9%) were activity scales. No studies validated PROMs for use with wrist/hand injuries, and only 1 PROM each was valid for hip, back/spinal, and foot/ankle injuries in pediatric sports. Conclusion: This systematic review yielded 47 unique PROMs reliable and valid for use in pediatric and adolescent sports medicine. This list will unify clinicians and researchers in using these age-appropriate measures while identifying areas that are still in need of appropriate PROMs for young athletes.
Internationalization of education as an emerging field? A framing of international education for cross-domain analyses
Authors: Tarc Paul 
Published: January 2019

The internationalization of education (IE) has accelerated across the past two decades. Although there are now a range of representations and theorizations of IE, they find little connection across domains and levels. Toward bolstering a more coherent field of IE, which translates across distinctive expressions of IE, this paper argues for a conceptual approach that includes theorizing IE’s past and present enabling conditions, motivating visions, significant (operational) obstacles, and ensuing tensions. The main contribution is a conceptualization of late 20th century international education, which historically situates the current 21st century IE movement. This conceptualization is informed primarily by a periodization of the International Baccalaureate that surfaces the semantic contours and structuring tensions of international education as embedded in the shifting historical and socio-political conditions of the last 50 years. Semantically, 20th century international education carries with it literal (educational activities across national jurisdictions) and normative/aspirational significations (liberal-humanist education for making a better world). And the structuring tensions of international education are constituted in the entangling of the normative visions, as “education for international understanding,” with the instrumental agendas, as revenue generation. An emerging IE field can draw on the conceptual framing offered in this paper as a basis for theorizing across the somewhat siloed IE discourses.
A Randomized Controlled, Treat-to-Target Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) Administered Using Either Device-Supported or Routine Titration in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Davies Melanie , Bain Steve , Charpentier Guillaume , Flacke Frank , Goyeau Harmonie , Woloschak Michael , Hasslacher Christoph , Vespasiani Giacomo , Edelman Steven 
Published: January 2019

Background: The efficacy/safety of device-supported versus routine titration with Gla-300 in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) was evaluated. Method: AUTOMATIX was a 16-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter, noninferiority trial in insulin-treated or insulin-naïve people with T2DM. The fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (FSMPG) target was 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L). Primary endpoint: proportion of participants achieving target FSMPG at week 16 without severe hypoglycemia. Secondary endpoints included: proportion reaching FSMPG target without confirmed (≤70 mg/dL [≤3.9 mmol/L]) or severe hypoglycemia; time to first achieve FSMPG target; mean FSMPG and HbA1c change (baseline to week 16). Safety endpoints included hypoglycemia and adverse events. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were also assessed. Results: Participants were randomized to device-supported (n = 75) or routine titration (n = 76); 17 participants in the device-supported group discontinued device use. Noninferiority was achieved for the primary endpoint (device-supported: 45.9%, routine: 36.8%; weighted difference: 9.04 [95% CI: −6.75, 24.83]), but not superiority ( P = .262). The proportion reaching FSMPG target range without confirmed (≤70 mg/dL [≤3.9 mmol/L]) or severe hypoglycemia was 34.3% vs 14.5%, respectively. The time at which 50% of the participants achieved the FSMPG target was less in the device-supported than routine titration arm (10 vs 13 weeks). Least squares mean HbA1c reduction, safety profiles, and PROs were similar in both arms. Mean “ease of use” score for the device, assessed by healthcare professionals and participants on a scale of 1-7, was ≥6. Conclusions: Device-supported self-titration had a good safety/efficacy profile, and was noninferior to routine titration and well accepted by diabetes specialists and patients.
Acceptance of the Artificial Pancreas: Comparing the Effect of Technology Readiness, Product Characteristics, and Social Influence Between Invited and Self-Selected Respondents
Authors: Oukes Tamara , Blauw Helga , van Bon Arianne C. , DeVries J. Hans , von Raesfeld Ariane M. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Psychosocial factors that may affect acceptance of artificial pancreas (AP) systems have been investigated in small sample sizes of highly motivated, self-selected persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with a focus on product characteristics. We aimed to develop a valid survey to investigate the association of technology readiness and social influence with AP acceptance in a larger sample, including both self-selected and invited respondents with T1DM. Methods: An online survey was developed based on established questionnaires. Intention to use the AP was chosen as measure of AP acceptance. T1DM patients who signed up themselves for scientific research into AP systems represented the self-selected group, while patients treated at a teaching hospital represented the invited group. Questionnaire values were compared using independent t-tests and regression analyses. Results: The developed survey showed reliability and validity. The survey was completed by 425 self-selected and 109 invited persons. Intention to use the AP was high in both groups, but was significantly higher among self-selected respondents. In both groups, intention to use the AP was most strongly related to product compatibility, followed by product complexity, technology readiness, and product usefulness among invited respondents; and followed by product usefulness and technology innovativeness among self-selected respondents. Conclusions: Product characteristics have a stronger relationship with AP acceptance than technology readiness, while social influence does not seem to be associated with AP acceptance. As the (strength of) factors differ between self-selected and invited persons, researchers and product developers should be cautious when relying on self-selected persons with T1DM in the design, development, and testing of AP systems.
Pituitary macroadenoma: Accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient magnetic resonance imaging in grading tumor aggressiveness
Authors: Doai Mariko , Tonami Hisao , Matoba Munetaka , Tachibana Osamu , Iizuka Hideaki , Nakada Satoko , Yamada Sohuske 
Published: January 2019

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient magnetic resonance imaging in grading tumor aggressiveness using histogram apparent diffusion coefficient values. Materials and methods Eighteen patients with surgically proved pituitary macroadenomas were included in this study. Diffusion-weighted imaging with single-shot echo-planar sequence at 3-T with a 32-channel head coil was performed with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. Calculated apparent diffusion coefficient maps were generated, and a 3-D volume of interest was placed on the tumor while superimposing contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images. All apparent diffusion coefficient values within the volume of interest were used to compute the average apparent diffusion coefficient of the tumor. The apparent diffusion coefficient values were binned to construct the apparent diffusion coefficient histogram. Using the histogram, the mean, percentiles, skewness, and kurtosis of the apparent diffusion coefficient of the entire tumor were computed. Apparent diffusion coefficient histogram parameters were compared with the MIB-1 index, invasiveness, and recurrence for grading tumor aggressiveness of pituitary adenomas. Results The skewness of the apparent diffusion coefficient histogram only showed significant differences among MIB-1 indices ( p = 0.030). All apparent diffusion coefficient histogram parameters showed no significant differences between negative and positive invasion. The skewness and kurtosis of the apparent diffusion coefficient histogram showed significant differences between positive and negative recurrence (skewness p = 0.011, kurtosis p = 0.011). Receiver-operating characteristics analysis between positive and negative recurrence showed that both skewness and kurtosis of the apparent diffusion coefficient achieved area under the curve at 0.967. Conclusion Skewness and kurtosis of the apparent diffusion coefficient histogram were the predictive parameters for assessing tumor proliferative potential and recurrence of pituitary adenomas.
Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl for Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Uppal Vishal , Retter Susanne , Casey Margaret , Sancheti Sushil , Matheson Kara , McKeen Dolores M. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Fentanyl and morphine are the 2 most commonly added opioids to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery. Numerous clinical trials have assessed efficacy and safety of different doses of fentanyl added to intrathecal bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia, yet its benefit, harm, and optimal dose remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence of the efficacy of fentanyl when added to intrathecal bupivacaine alone and when added to bupivacaine with morphine for spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery.

METHODS:
Key electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials in the cesarean delivery population. The primary outcome was the failure rate of spinal anesthesia, as assessed by the need for either conversion to general anesthesia or intraoperative analgesic supplementation. Two reviewers independently extracted the data using a standardized electronic form. Results are expressed as relative risks or mean differences with 95% CIs.

RESULTS:
Seventeen randomized controlled clinical trials (most judged as low or unclear risk of bias) with 1064 participants provided data for the meta-analysis. Fentanyl added to intrathecal bupivacaine alone reduced the need for intraoperative supplemental analgesia (relative risk, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11–0.27; number needed to treat, 4) and the incidence of nausea/vomiting (relative risk, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24–0.70; number needed to treat, 6.5), with longer time to first postoperative analgesia request (mean difference, 91 minutes; 95% CI, 69–113). No difference was observed regarding the need for conversion to general anesthesia (relative risk, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.12–3.57), the incidence of hypotension, the onset of sensory block, or the duration of motor block. However, the addition of intrathecal fentanyl was associated with higher incidence of intraoperative pruritus (relative risk, 5.89; 95% CI, 2.07–16.79; number needed to harm, 13.5). The inclusion of fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine–morphine compared to intrathecal bupivacaine–morphine alone conferred a similar benefit, with a significantly reduced need for intraoperative supplemental analgesia (relative risk, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03–0.95; number needed to treat, 9). Analysis using a funnel plot indicated a possibility of publication bias in included studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
Current evidence suggests a benefit of using fentanyl as both an additive to intrathecal bupivacaine alone and to intrathecal bupivacaine combined with morphine for cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. The possibility of publication bias, small sample size, and high risk of bias in some of the included studies warrant treating the results with caution.
Effects of Repetitive Head Impacts on a Concussion Assessment Battery
Authors: CACCESE JACLYN B. , BEST CHELSEA , LAMOND LINDSEY C. , DIFABIO MELISSA , KAMINSKI THOMAS W. , WATSON DAN , GETCHELL NANCY , BUCKLEY THOMAS A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between repetitive head impacts (RHI) and clinical concussion assessments across a season among collegiate football (FB) and women’s soccer (WSOC) players.MethodsFifteen male FB and 23 WSOC players participated in this study. Participants were included if they were medically cleared for unrestricted athletic participation. Participants were tested in a university athletic training room on two occasions: preseason (PRE) and postseason (POST). The outcome measures consisted of tandem gait (TG), Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Balance Error Scoring System, King-Devick (KD), clinical reaction time, and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing. Repetitive head impact during the season was quantified using the Head Impact Telemetry System (Simbex, NH) for FB and the Smart Impact Monitor (SIM; Triax Technologies, Norwalk, CT) for WSOC. Independent variables included total number of impacts, average magnitude of peak linear acceleration, cumulative linear exposure, and number of impacts ≥98g.ResultsResults from direct-entry multiple regression analyses suggest significant associations between RHI and both visual memory (R2= 0.670,F= 6.487,P= 0.002) and TG (R2= 0.636,F= 3.841,P= 0.029) for WSOC and between RHI and KD (R2= 0.756,F= 5.579,P= 0.013) for FB, whereby those with greater exposure performed worse. No other regression analyses within or across groups were significant.ConclusionsThese data suggest that RHI do not represent clinically meaningful changes on a multifaceted and multimodal concussion assessment battery. However, there may be subtle visual/vestibular impairments as observed by the associations between RHI and visual memory/TG among WSOC, RHI, and KD among FB.
Techniques for improving the initial strength of the tibial tray-cement interface bond
Authors: Billi F. , Kavanaugh A. , Schmalzried H. , Schmalzried T. P. 
Published: January 2019

Aims Loosening of the tibial component after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common indication for revision. Increasing the strength of the initial tibial implant/cement interface is desirable. There is little information about the surgical techniques that lead to the highest strength. We investigated the effects of eight variables on the strength of the initial tibial baseplate/cement interface. Materials and Methods A total of 48 tibial trays were cemented into acrylic holders using cement from two manufacturers, at three different times (early, normal, and late) using two techniques: cementing the tibial plateau or the plateau and the keel; and involving two conditions of contamination with marrow fat (at the metal/cement and cement/cement interfaces). Push-out tests were performed with load continuously recorded. Results Compared with normal conditions, early cementing increased the mean strength of the interface when using the two cements, Simplex and Palacos, by 48% and 72%, respectively. Late cementing reduced the strength by 47% and 73%, respectively. Cementing the keel increased the mean strength by 153% and 147%, respectively, for the two cements. Contamination of the metal/cement interface with fat reduced the mean strength by 99% and 94% for the two cements but adding cement to the underside of the tibial tray prior to insertion resulted in the mean strength being lowered by only 65% and 43%, respectively. Conclusion In order to maximize the strength of the tibial tray/cement interface, cement should be applied to the component soon after mixing, contamination of the interface should be avoided, and the keel and the plateau should be cemented.
The Process of Becoming a Sexual Black Woman: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Crooks Natasha , King Barbara , Tluczek Audrey , Sales Jessica McDermott 
Published: January 2019

CONTEXTBlack females in the United States disproportionately suffer from STDs, including HIV. Understanding the sociocultural conditions that affect their risk is essential to developing effective and culturally relevant prevention programs.METHODSIn 2016–2017 in Madison, Wisconsin, 20 black females aged 19–62 completed interviews that explored the sociocultural conditions associated with sexual development and STD/HIV risk. Interviews were guided by grounded theory; open, axial and selective coding and constant comparative analysis were used to identify developmental phases and relevant sociocultural conditions.RESULTSThree phases of becoming a sexual black woman were identified: Girl, when participants reported beginning to understand their sexuality; Grown, marking a transition to adulthood, when participants began to feel more self‐sufficient yet still grappled with their emerging sexuality; and Woman, when participants developed a strong sense of self and took ownership of their bodies. Two sociocultural conditions affected progression through these phases: stereotype messaging and protection (both self‐protection and protecting others). Negative life events (e.g., sexual trauma) and early sexualization reportedly affected sexual development, and STD experience influenced self‐perceptions of sexuality and sexual behavior, often leading to self‐protective behaviors. Older participants reported strategies to protect young black females from negative sexual experiences.CONCLUSIONInterventions at multiple levels of the social ecology throughout the life course may help reduce STD/HIV risk among black women in the United States. Future research should include examination of the experiences of black females younger than 18 and evaluation of the protective strategies employed by older black females.
GIS based approach to analyze soil liquefaction and amplification: A case study in Eskisehir, Turkey
Authors: Okur Volkan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study involves gathering the geological and geotechnical data and processing them in 3D structural model for the assessment of the likelihood of liquefaction hazard. A total of 467 borehole logs up to 30 m of depth were analyzed. Based on engineering characteristics of the soil formation, Geographical Information System based subsurface model maps and liquefaction hazard maps were prepared. Also microtremor measurements have been taken on different locations to assess the amplification of the alluvial formation. By obtaining amplification spectrum between the soil layers and response spectra at the top of the bedrock and at ground surface, a thematic map on amplification factor is produced. It is believed such kind of visual models will help engineers and designers on all aspects of future development of the cities especially transportation, infrastructure, and land uses against possible earthquake hazards.
Mechanical Properties of Hulless Barley Stem with Different Moisture Contents
Authors: Chen Jia-hui , Zhao Nan , Fu Nan , Li Dong , Wang Li-jun , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mechanical properties of hulless barley stems with different moisture contents (10.23%–43.14%) were investigated by using temperature sweep, frequency sweep, stress relaxation and creep tests of dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) in this study. Results showed a significant dependence of storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta on moisture content. The data from stress relaxation and creep was fitted by using generalized Maxwell model and Burgers model. 5-element Maxwell model was better for describing relaxation behaviors of hulless barely stem compared with the 3-element Maxwell model. The peak values of loss modulus and tan delta both occurred at a low temperature when moisture content increased. The dynamic mechanical properties can provide useful information for the harvesting and processing of huless barely stem.
Discovery of QTL Alleles for Grain Shape in the Japan-MAGIC Rice Population Using Haplotype Information
Authors: Ogawa Daisuke , Nonoue Yasunori , Tsunematsu Hiroshi , Kanno Noriko , Yamamoto Toshio , Yonemaru Jun-ichi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A majority of traits are determined by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) that can have pleiotropic effects. A multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population is well suited for genetically analyzing the effects of multiple QTL on traits of interest because it contains a higher number of QTL alleles than a biparental population. We previously produced the JAPAN-MAGIC (JAM) population, derived from eight rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with high yield and biomass in Japan, and developed the method of genome-wide association study (GWAS) using haplotype information on the JAM lines. This method was effective for identifying major genes such as Waxy for eating quality and Sd1 for culm length. Here, we show that haplotype-based GWAS is also effective for the evaluation of multiple QTL with small effects on rice grain shape in the JAM lines. Although both the haplotype- and SNP-based GWAS identified multiple QTL for grain length and width, the sum of the estimated trait values of each allele for the QTL detected by haplotype-based GWAS had higher correlation with observed values than those detected by SNP-based GWAS, indicating high-accuracy QTL detection in the haplotype-based GWAS. Furthermore, the study revealed pleiotropic effects of some QTL regions in regulation of grain shape, suggesting that the haplotype-based GWAS using the JAM lines is an effective means to evaluate the main and side effects of haplotypes at each QTL. Information on the pleiotropic effects of haplotypes on various traits will be useful for designing ideal lines in a breeding program.