bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrometamorphic process of ceramic composite materials in pottery production in the Bronze/Iron Age of the Northern Caucasus (Russia)
Authors: Park Ki Suk , Milke Ralf , Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Pausewein Regine-Ricarda , Reinhold Sabine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPyrotechnology for the prehistoric pottery has been an important subject for the study of ancient production technology and technological styles. However, heterogeneous characteristics in chemical and mineralogical compositions and massive amounts of ceramic sherds at most archaeological sites make it difficult to identify production technologies. In this study, SEM-EDS/WDS, XRD and transmittance and reflectance FT-IR techniques were employed step by step, in order to overcome these limitations. The serial combination of each method covers a macro-, meso- and micro-scale and it enabled us to identify the relationship between firing temperature, reducing or oxidizing atmosphere and thermally induced mobility of Ca and Fe. Numerous ceramic pottery sherds from two archaeological sites in the North Caucasus, Ransyrt 1 (Middle-Late Bronze Age) and Kabardinka 2 (Late Bronze/Early Iron Age) were investigated and compared to the ceramics found at Levinsadovka and Saf’janovo around the Sea of Azov, Russia (Late/Final Bronze Age) for this purpose. Morphological changes by sintering and transformation of indicator minerals such as calcite, hematite, spinel, gehlenite, quartz and cis/trans-vacant 1M illite provide temperature thresholds at 675, 700, 750, 950, 1050, 1100, 1300 °C. With the laboratory based FT-IR, vibrational changes in shape, wavenumber and intensity corresponding to Si-O stretching bands yield an order and classification of the ceramics with regard to firing conditions between the samples as well as the unraveling of temperature profiles within a single sample in a 100 µm scale. With this approach, the number of archaeological ceramics could be classified according to the pyrometamorphic transformation of heterogeneous ceramic composite materials. Combined with the archaeological contexts of each site, these results will contribute to the reconstruction of local technological styles.
Electro-chromic structure with a high degree of dielectric tunability
Authors: Bulja S. , Kopf R. , Tate A. , Hu T. , Cahill R. , Norooziarab M. , Kozlov D. , Rulikowski P. , Templ W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn conjunction with their electronically reconfigurable optical properties, inorganic, WO3/LiNbO3/NiO Electro-Chromic materials (EC) have recently been shown to exhibit a degree of electric field induced dielectric tunability at radio frequencies, to the level comparable with more mature bulk-tuneable technologies. However, the full extent of their dielectric tunability remains fully unexplored, due to a fundamental lack of understanding of its intricate tuning mechanisms. The unveiling of their tuning principles is paramount towards a comprehension of not only their optical and radio frequency dielectric tunability, but also for the creation of EC structures with substantial permittivity tuning ratios. Here, we report on an inorganic, WO3 and LiNbO3 – based EC structure with perturbed constituent layers. We developed and synthesised a new EC structure by inserting the chromic layers in the interior of the device and partitioning the electrolyte layer and assigning it to the device’s peripheries. This new arrangement allows for an increase in the dielectric tunability of over three times compared to previously reported standard EC structures in the frequency range from 1–20 GHz.
Synthesis and modification of uniform PEG-neridronate-modified magnetic nanoparticles determines prolonged blood circulation and biodistribution in a mouse preclinical model
Authors: Patsula Vitalii , Horák Daniel , Kučka Jan , Macková Hana , Lobaz Volodymyr , Francová Pavla , Herynek Vít , Heizer Tomáš , Páral Petr , Šefc Luděk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMagnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with uniform sizes of 10, 20, and 31 nm were prepared by thermal decomposition of Fe(III) oleate or mandelate in a high-boiling point solvent (>320 °C). To render the particles with hydrophilic and antifouling properties, their surface was coated with a PEG-containing bisphosphonate anchoring group. The PEGylated particles were characterized by a range of physicochemical methods, including dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and magnetization measurements. As the particle size increased from 10 to 31 nm, the amount of PEG coating decreased from 28.5 to 9 wt.%. The PEG formed a dense brush-like shell on the particle surface, which prevented particles from aggregating in water and PBS (pH 7.4) and maximized the circulation time in vivo. Magnetic resonance relaxometry confirmed that the PEG-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles had high relaxivity, which increased with increasing particle size. In the in vivo experiments in a mouse model, the particles provided visible contrast enhancement in the magnetic resonance images. Almost 70% of administrated 20-nm magnetic nanoparticles still circulated in the blood stream after four hours; however, their retention in the tumor was rather low, which was likely due to the antifouling properties of PEG.
Excipient-excipient interactions in the development of nanocarriers: an innovative statistical approach for formulation decisions
Authors: Beraldo-de-Araújo Viviane Lucia , Beraldo-de-Araújo Anderson , Costa Juliana Souza Ribeiro , Pelegrine Ana Carolina Martins , Ribeiro Lígia Nunes Moraes , Paula Eneida de , Oliveira-Nascimento Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExcipient interaction has become essential knowledge for rational formulation design of nanoparticles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) include at least three types of excipient, which enhance excipient interaction possibilities and relevance. The present article introduces an alternative approach for evaluating a great number of excipients with few samples, using NLC as a model delivery system. This approach is based on two sequential experiments using Hall-2 experimental design and analysis of excipient interactions in respect to their physicochemical properties by multilevel statistics. NLCs were prepared using a hot emulsification-ultrasonication method with lidocaine and nine excipients (solid lipids, oils and surfactants). The evaluated parameters were z-average size (DLS), dispersity (DLS), zeta potential (electrophoretic mobility) and entrapment efficiency (HPLC). Cetyl palmitate, beeswax, castor oil, capric/caprylic acid and polysorbate 80 all presented larger effects amongst the studied factors as well as a clear pattern of synergistic interactions. Following the verified trends, we produced an optimized NLC that exhibited all desirable physicochemical characteristics and a modified drug release profile. Our results demonstrate the methodology’s robustness, which can be applied to other nanoparticles and establish a cost-effective excipient evaluation.
Terbium ion as RNA tag for slide-free pathology with deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence
Authors: Kumamoto Yasuaki , Matsumoto Tatsuya , Tanaka Hideo , Takamatsu Tetsuro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence microscopy has enabled molecular imaging having an optical sectioning capability with a wide-field configuration and its usefulness for slide-free pathology has been shown in recent years. Here, we report usefulness of terbium ions as RNA-specific labeling probes for slide-free pathology with deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence. On excitation in the wavelength range of 250–300 nm, terbium ions emitted fluorescence after entering cells. Bright fluorescence was observed at nucleoli and cytoplasm while fluorescence became weak after RNA decomposition by ribonuclease prior to staining. It was also found that the fluorescence intensity at nucleoplasm increased with temperature during staining and that this temperature-dependent behavior resembled temperature-dependent hypochromicity of DNA due to melting. These findings indicated that terbium ions stained single-stranded nucleic acid more efficiently than double-stranded nucleic acid. We further combined terbium ions and DNA-specific dyes for dual-color imaging. In the obtained image, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, and cytoplasm were distinguished. We demonstrated the usefulness of dual-color imaging for rapid diagnosis of surgical specimen by showing optical sectioning of unsliced tissues. The present findings can enhance deep-ultraviolet excitation fluorescence microscopy and consequently expand the potential of fluorescence microscopy in life sciences.
Copper and iron metabolism in Ostreococcus tauri – the role of phytotransferrin, plastocyanin and a chloroplast copper-transporting ATPase
Authors: Scheiber Ivo Florin , Pilátová Jana , Malych Ronald , Kotabova Eva , Krijt Matyáš , Vyoral Daniel , Mach Jan , Léger Thibaut , Camadro Jean-Michel , Prášil Ondřej , Lesuisse Emmanuel , Sutak Robert 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Iron and copper are essential elements for practically all living organisms. Their metabolism is frequently interconnected, and while copper is relatively abundant in the ocean, iron is often a limiting factor for the growth of many marine microorganisms. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the metabolisms of copper and iron and the connection of both in the marine picoalga Ostreococcus tauri. We show that O. tauri adjusts its copper economy in response to copper deficiency by downregulation of the expression of plastocyanin in favor of cytochrome c oxidase without significant changes in growth and physiology. Copper deprivation leads to increased expression of copper transporting ATPase and proteins involved in tetrapyrrole synthesis, most likely to ensure higher turnover of chlorophyll and/or heme. Elucidation of the effect of copper on the incorporation of iron into O. tauri proteins led us to identify the major iron uptake mediating protein, Ot-Fea1, whose expression and binding of iron is copper dependent. Based on our investigation of the incorporation of iron into Ot-Fea1 and ferritin, we hypothesize that O. tauri possesses another Fea1-independent iron uptake system.
Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Threshold Test
Authors: Mendel Lisa Lucks , Pousson Monique , Bass Johnnie K. , Lunsford Rachel E. , McNiece Caleb 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct a recorded speech recognition threshold (SRT) test for Spanish-speaking children utilizing a picture board and a picture-pointing task.

Design
The Spanish Pediatric Speech Recognition Threshold (SPSRT) test was developed and validated in this study. Test construction steps included (a) stimulus selection, (b) assessment of familiarity, (c) digital recording, (d) creation of pictures that accurately depicted the target word from the stimulus set, and (e) validation of the test and recordings. SRTs were obtained from 24 Spanish-speaking children whose 1st language was Spanish.

Results
Normative data are presented that validate the SPSRT and establish the baseline relationship between the pure-tone average and the SRT obtained with the SPSRT. Results indicated that the SPSRT obtained using this test should be within 2–12 dB of an individual's pure-tone average for Spanish-speaking children with normal hearing and minimal hearing loss.

Conclusions
The SPSRT was developed and validated as a picture-pointing Spanish SRT test to be used with Spanish-speaking children. The 2-channel recording contains an English translation track, making this test easy to administer and interpret for clinicians without knowledge of Spanish.
Adaptive elliptical aperture photometry: A software package for high-cadence ground-based photometry
Authors: Bowman Dominic M. , Holdsworth Daniel L. 
Published: July 2019

Context.Modern space telescopes are currently providing high-precision light curves for a large fraction of the sky, such that many new variable stars are being discovered. However, some stars have periodic variability with periods on the order of minutes and require high-cadence photometry to probe the physical mechanisms responsible. A cadence of less than a minute is often required to remove Nyquist ambiguities and confirm rapid variability, which forces observers to obtain high-cadence ground-based photometry.Aims.We aim to provide a modern software package to reduce ground-based photometric time series data and deliver optimised (differential) light curves. To produce high-quality light curves, which maximise the amplitude signal-to-noise ratio of short-period variability in a Fourier spectrum, we require adaptive elliptical aperture photometry as this represents a significant advantage compared to aperture photometry using circular apertures of fixed radii.Methods.The methodology of our code and its advantages are demonstrated using high-cadence ground-based photometry from the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) of a confirmed rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star. Furthermore, we employed our software package to search for rapid oscillations in three candidate roAp stars.Results.We demonstrate that our pipeline represents a significant improvement in the quality of light curves, and we make it available to the community for use with different instruments and observatories. We search for and demonstrate the lack of high-frequency roAp pulsations to a limit of ∼1 mmag usingBdata in the three Ap stars HD 158596, HD 166542, and HD 181810.Conclusions.We demonstrate the significant improvement in the extraction of short-period variability caused by high-frequency pulsation modes, and discuss the implication of null detections in three Ap stars.
Buergers Test/Pole Test: simple clinical tests to screen the arterial perfusion before compression therapy
Authors: Eder Stephan , Dissemond Joachim , Vanscheidt Wolfgang , Läuchli Severin , Partsch Hugo , Stücker Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBefore starting compression therapy further diagnostics of an advanced suspected peripheral arterial occlusive disease are essential. Therefore Buergers test and Pole test are validated simple clinical tests to screen the arterial perfusion.
Comparison of tissue and molecular yield between fine-needle biopsy (FNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA): a randomized study
Authors: Asokkumar Ravishankar , Yung Ka Chin , Loh Tracy , Kah Ling Lim , Gek San Tan , Ying Hao , Tan Damien , Khor Christopher , Lim Tony , Soetikno Roy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Recently, a new Franseen design endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) needle was developed with the goal of providing more tissue for histology. We compared the tissue adequacy rate and nucleic acid yield of 22G EUS-FNB vs. 22G endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), in solid gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal lesions.
Patients and methods We conducted a randomized crossover study and recruited 36 patients. We performed three passes for pancreatic lesions and two passes for other lesions, using each needle. We blinded the pathologist to needle assignment. We assessed the diagnostic tissue adequacy rate and compared the total tissue area, diagnostic tissue area, and desmoplastic stroma (DS) area in cases of carcinoma. We also examined the nucleic acid yield of the two needles in pancreatic lesions.
Results The lesions included 20 pancreatic masses (55 %), six gastric subepithelial lesions (17 %), five lymph nodes (14 %) and five other abdominal masses (14 %). Mean ± SD lesion size was 3.8 ± 2.0 cm. The final diagnosis was malignant in 27 lesions (75 %) and benign in nine lesions (25 %). We found EUS-FNB procured significantly more median total tissue area (5.2 mm2 vs. 1.9 mm2, P < 0.001), diagnostic tissue area (2.2 mm2 vs. 0.9 mm2, P = 0.029), and DS area (2 mm2 vs. 0.1 mm2, P = 0.001) in lesions diagnosed as carcinoma (n = 23), as compared to EUS-FNA. In pancreatic lesions, EUS-FNB obtained significantly more nucleic acid than EUS-FNA (median; 4,085 ng vs. 2912 ng, P = 0.02). There was no difference in the cellblock or rapid on-site cytological evaluation (ROSE) diagnostic yield between the needles.
Conclusion The 22G EUS-FNB provides more histological core tissue and adequate nucleic acid yield compared to 22G EUS-FNA. In this study, the diagnostic performance was similar between the needles
A Study on the Recurrence Rate of Trigeminal Neuralgia after MVD and the Related Factors
Authors: Zheng Jiang-Hua , Sun Kai , Zhang Hai-Tao , Xie Yun-Jie , Wang-Yang Ling-Xi , Chen Hao-Yang , Wang Chong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to investigate the related factors affecting the recurrence of microvascular decompression (MVD) after trigeminal neuralgia. We selected 400 cases of patients who met the diagnostic criteria of primary trigeminal neuralgia. The recurrence rate of patients and their statistical data related factors such as age, gender, disease duration, pain branches, vascular compression, patients, and complications (urban and rural), were collected. Of the 400 cases, 36 had recurrence after 2 years. In female group, the recurrence rate was (9.4%) higher than the recurrence rate in male group (8%); no recurrence rate of vascular compression group (40%) was higher than that of vascular compression group recurrence rate (8.6%); the recurrence rate of each branch in pain group from high to low was V2–3 (13.4%), V2 (12.5%), V1 (9.1%), V3 (7.5%), V1–2-3 (4.4%), V1–2 (4.3%), V1–3 (0%); and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Gender of the patient, the presence of vascular pressure, and the branch of pain could significantly affect the postoperative recurrence rate of trigeminal neuralgia in patients treated with simple MVD (p < 0.05).
Visualizing Infection Surveillance Data for Policymaking Using Open Source Dashboarding
Authors: Wahi Monika Maya , Dukach Natasha 
Published: July 2019

Background Health care-associated infections, specifically catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), can cause significant mortality and morbidity. However, the process of collecting CAUTI surveillance data, storing it, and visualizing the data to inform health policy has been fraught with challenges.
Objectives No standard has been developed, so the objective of this article is to present a prototype solution for dashboarding public health surveillance data based on a real-life use-case for the purposes of enhancing clinical and policy-level decision-making.
Methods The solution was developed in open source software R, which allows for the creation of dashboard applications using the integrated development environment developed for R called RStudio, and a package for R called Rshiny. How the surveillance system was designed, why R was chosen, how the dashboard was developed, and how the dashboard features were programmed and function will be described.
Results The prototype dashboard includes multiple tabs for visualizing data, and allows the user to interact with the data by setting dynamic filters. Controls were used to facilitate the interaction between the user and application. Rshiny is reactive, in that when the user (e.g., clinician or policymaker) changes the parameters on the data, the application automatically updates the visualization as well as parameters available based on current filters.
Conclusion The prototype dashboard has the potential to enhance clinical and policy-level decision-making because it facilitates interaction with the data that provides useful visualizations to provide such guidance.
Sellar Remodeling after Surgery for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma: Intercarotid Distance as a Predictor of Recurrence.
Authors: Raghu Ashley L. B. , Flower Hannah D. , Statham Patrick F. X. , Brennan Paul M. , Hughes Mark A. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction As they grow, pituitary adenoma can remodel the sella turcica and alter anatomical relationships with adjacent structures. The intercarotid distance (ICD) at the level of the sella is a measure of sella width. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess how ICD changes after transsphenoidal surgery and (2) explore whether the extent of ICD change is associated with tumor recurrence.Methods A retrospective analysis of preoperative and postoperative coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans was carried out by two independent assessors on patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas. Preoperative tumor volume and any change in ICD following surgery were recorded and compared between groups. Logistic regression models of recurrence were generated.Results In 36 of 42 patients, ICD fell after surgery (mean = 1.8 mm) and six cases were static. At time of follow-up (mean = 77 months), 25 had not required further intervention and 17 had undergone second surgery or radiosurgery. In patients in whom no further intervention has yet been necessary, the postoperative reduction in ICD was significantly smaller than in those who required repeat intervention (1.1 vs. 2.7 mm respectively, p < 0.01). ICD decrease was weakly correlated with tumor volume (r = 0.35). ICD decrease was a significant predictor of recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–6.87), largely independent of tumor volume.Conclusion For most patients, ICD falls following surgical excision of a nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma. A greater reduction in ICD postsurgery appears to predict recurrence. Change in ICD shows promise as a radiographic tool for prognosticating clinical course after surgery.
Analyzing and comparing de Blasio’s and Quinn’s speech in their democratic election programs for 2013 New York Mayoral Elections
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Raquel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to compare de Blasio’s and Quinn’s programs for 2013 New York Mayoral Elections to reveal their rhetoric and figurative language as a means of persuasion in political campaigns. This along with their backgrounds, appearance and previous supports will disclose some key points contributing to de Blasio’s victory. As this study focuses on linguistics, I rely onPolitical Discourse Analysis(Wilson, 2001),Critical Discourse Analysis(Fairclough and Wodak, 1997;Wodak and Meyer, 2009), van Dijk’sSociocognitive Approach(2008) andpolarization(1999) – Chilton’slegitimation/delegitimation(2004) –, Charteris-Black’sCorpus Approach to Critical Metaphor Analysis(2004), politeness and facework (Brown and Levinson, 1987;Goffman, 1967), andTaboada and Grieve’s (2004)approach ofAppraisal Theory(Martin and White, 2005;White, 2012). The results will show which verbal devices and phenomena are used as a linguistic weapon to influence people’s thoughts and attract voters, as well as to give a positive image of themselves (positive self-representation) or a negative image of the political opponent (negative other-representation).
Qualitative meta-analysis on the training needs reported by
in-service CLIL teachers
Authors: Pons Seguí Laura 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This meta-analysis explores in-service CLIL (Content and
Language Integrated Learning) teachers’ training needs and whether previous
experience and training have an impact on their reported training needs. For
this purpose, seven studies that met the inclusion criteria have been analysed
qualitatively using the constant comparative model. The results reveal that CLIL
teachers have considerable training needs for foreign language and
methodological competences regardless of their previous training and experience.
However, previous training and experience as CLIL teachers may explain some of
the areas of need: inexperienced CLIL teachers request more training on CLIL
management and CLIL fundamentals than experienced teachers do. Apparently, a
lack of specific CLIL training explains why inexperienced and experienced
teachers report training needs in material development and the theoretical
underpinnings of CLIL. Overall, this meta-analysis highlights an urgency to
develop CLIL training programmes that allow teachers to be better qualified in
CLIL so that their teaching can have a positive impact on students’
learning.