bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millennial-scale decline in coho salmon abundance since the middle Holocene in a coastal Oregon watershed, USA
Authors: Gavin Daniel G. , Kusler Jennifer E. , Finney Bruce P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe population size of anadromous salmon in the Pacific Northwest is strongly influenced by decadal variation in watershed and oceanographic conditions and therefore should also be influenced by larger magnitude millennial-scale variations in these conditions. We studied δ15N of bulk organic matter in lake sediment from Woahink Lake, Oregon, as a proxy of marine-derived nutrients (MDN) from spawning coho salmon. We compared this site to a control lake with a natural barrier to salmon migration. From 7.5 to 5.4 ka, a dune was emplaced, breached, and emplaced again, forming Woahink Lake in a former estuary. δ15N decreased steadily since 5.4 ka at Woahink but not at the control lake. δ15N reached a minimum just prior to anthropogenic nutrient loading, which caused an increase in δ15N, thus precluding a comparison with the historical decline in salmon abundance. A mixing model of lake-water nitrate, developed to explore alternate scenarios for the observed range of δ15N, could not explain these results without invoking MDN input from at least several hundred salmon annually. Our results show a previously unreported pattern of a millennial-scale decline in salmon that has plausible linkages to parallel changes in ocean circulation and productivity.
Marx and World History
Authors: Krätke Michael R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn 1881–1882, Marx undertook extensive historical studies, covering a large part of what was then known as “world history”. The four large notebooks with excerpts from the works of (mainly) two leading historian of his time, Schlosser and Botta, have remained largely unpublished. In this article, Marx’s last studies of the course of world history are contextualized: Marx’s previous historical studies and his ongoing, but unfinished work on the critique of political economy. The range and scope of his notes is astoundingly broad, going far beyond European history and actually covering many other parts of the world. Marx’s focus in these studies supports the interpretation offered in the article: that the author of “Capital” was fascinated by the long process of the making of the modern states and the European states system, one of the crucial prerequisites of the rise of modern capitalism in Europe.
Why underlying representations?
Authors: HYMAN LARRY M. 
Published: February 2018

Phonology is a rapidly changing and increasingly varied field, having traveled quite some distance from its original structuralist and generative underpinnings. In this overview I address the status of underlying representations (URs) in phonology, which have been rejected by a number of researchers working in different frameworks. After briefly discussing the current state of phonology, I survey the arguments in favor of vs. against URs, considering recent surface-oriented critiques and alternatives. I contrast three straightforward abstract tonal analyses against the potential arguments which accuse URs of being (i) wrong, (ii) redundant, (iii) indeterminate, (iv) insufficient, or (v) uninteresting. Identifying two distinct goals in linguistics which I refer to as determining ‘what’s in the head?’ vs. ‘what’s in the language?’, I suggest, responding to some rather strong opinions to the contrary, that URs are an indispensable and welcome tool offering important insights into the typology of phonological systems, if not beyond.
New and emerging uses of CRISPR/Cas9 to genetically manipulate apicomplexan parasites
Authors: Di Cristina Manlio , Carruthers Vern B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough the application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering approaches was first reported in apicomplexan parasites only 3 years ago, this technology has rapidly become an essential component of research on apicomplexan parasites. This review briefly describes the history of CRISPR/Cas9 and the principles behind its use along with documenting its implementation in apicomplexan parasites, especially Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. We also discuss the recent use of CRISPR/Cas9 for whole genome screening of gene knockout mutants in T. gondii and highlight its use for seminal genetic manipulations of Cryptosporidium spp. Finally, we consider new variations of CRISPR/Cas9 that have yet to be implemented in apicomplexans. Whereas CRISPR/Cas9 has already accelerated rapid interrogation of gene function in apicomplexans, the full potential of this technology is yet to be realized as new variations and innovations are integrated into the field.
Functions of Turkish evidentials in early child–caregiver interactions: a growth curve analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: UZUNDAĞ Berna A. , TAŞÇI Süleyman S. , KÜNTAY Aylin C. , AKSU-KOÇ Ayhan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn languages with evidential marking, utterances consist of an informational content and a specification of the mode of access to that information. In this first longitudinal study investigating the acquisition of the Turkish evidential marker −mIşin naturalistic child–caregiver interactions, we examined six children between 8 and 36 months of age. We charted individual differences in child and caregiver speech over time by conducting growth curve analyses. Children followed a similar course of acquisition in terms of the proportion of the marker in overall speech. However, children exhibited differences with respect to the order of emergence of different evidential functions (e.g., inference, hearsay), where each child showed a unique pattern irrespective of the frequency in caregiver input. Nonfactual use of the marker was very frequent in child and caregiver speech, where high-SES caregivers mostly produced the marker during story-telling and pretend play, and low-SES caregivers for regulating the child's behavior.
Archipelagos of learning: environmental education on islands
Authors: SELBY DAVID , KAGAWA FUMIYO 
Published: February 2018

SUMMARYThis article appreciatively reviews environmental education practice on islands through the lens of four key strands of environmental education discourse: biodiversity, conservation and science-framed education; place-based, indigenized and bioregional education; climate change and disaster risk reduction education; and education for sustainable development. Arising from these strands and their interface, six questions are asked of the examples of island practice reviewed. A final section asks what is distinctive about environmental education on islands and comes up with five principal findings. First, it is observed that environmental education initiatives on islands are markedly eclectic in their rich blending of practice from within the different strands. Second, it is noted that environmental education practice on different islands, especially in the Pacific, is marked by a return to indigenous, community-based learning. Third, the emergence of a distinctive pedagogy is remarked upon, especially the greater weighting given to relational, socio-affective and action-orientated learning. Fourth, the paucity of inter-island cosmopolitan dialogue is noted and questions are asked about how to ensure island learners steeped in learning about place can be brought to connect with the global environmental problematic. Fifth, the frequency of cross-curricular, interdisciplinary, even trans-disciplinary framing of environmental education initiatives is identified as bringing distinctiveness to island practice.
Haemodynamic consequences following closure of an Abernethy malformation in a patient following a total cavopulmonary shunt
Authors: Sasikumar Deepa , Sasidharan Bijulal , Ayyappan Anoop 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA 17-year-old girl with situs ambiguous, hypoplastic right ventricle with a large ventricular septal defect, and severe pulmonary stenosis had undergone Kawashima operation 10 years back. She had significant desaturation because of a large Abernethy malformation, with reverse shunting from the inferior caval vein to the portal vein. It was closed with a vascular plug, with improvement in oxygen saturation. She developed extensive inferior caval vein thrombus following the procedure, which was managed conservatively by anti-coagulation.
Inferring the atmospheric duct from radar sea clutter using the improved artificial bee colony algorithm
Authors: Yang Chao , Guo Lixin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an orthogonal crossover artificial bee colony (OCABC) algorithm based on orthogonal experimental design is presented and applied to infer the marine atmospheric duct using the refractivity from clutter technique, and the radar sea clutter power is simulated by the commonly used parabolic equation method. In order to test the accuracy of the OCABC algorithm, the measured data and the simulated clutter power with different noise levels are, respectively, utilized to estimate the evaporation duct and surface duct. The estimation results obtained by the proposed algorithm are also compared with those of the comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer and the artificial bee colony algorithm combined with opposition-based learning and global best search equation. The comparison results demonstrate that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than those of the compared algorithms for the marine atmospheric duct estimation.
Identification of a novel microRNA-mRNA regulatory biomodule in human prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Yanqiong , Jiang Funeng , He Huichan , Ye Jianheng , Mao Xia , Guo Qiuyan , Wu Shu-lin , Zhong Weide , Wu Chin-Lee , Lin Na 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOur recent study identified a list of differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues compared to adjacent benign prostate tissues. In the current study, to identify the crucial miRNA–mRNA regulatory biomodule involved into prostate carcinogenesis based on the previous miRNA expression profile in PCa, we proposed an integrated systematic approach which combined miRNA-mediated gene expression regulatory network analysis, experimental validations in vitro and in vivo, as well as clinical significance evaluation. As a result, the CCND1-RNASEL-CDKN1A-TP73-MDM2-UBE2I axis was identified as a bottleneck in the miRNA-mediated gene expression regulatory network of PCa according to network topological analysis. The direct binding relationship between TP73 and PCa downregulated miR-193a-5p, and the direct binding relationship between UBE2I and PCa upregulated miR-188-5p were both experimentally validated. In addition, miR-193a-5p had a more significant regulatory effect on the tumor promoter isoform of TP73-deltaNp73 than on the tumor suppressive isoform of TP73-TAp73. Importantly, the deregulation of either the miR-193a-5p-TP73 or miR-188-5p-UBE2I axes was significantly associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in PCa patients. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that miR-193a-5p efficiently inhibited in vitro PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and in vivo tumor growth, and markedly induced PCa cell apoptosis via regulating TP73 with a corresponding suppression of the CCND1-RNASEL-CDKN1A-MDM2 axis. In contrast, miR-188-5p exerted its tumor promoter roles through targeting UBE2I with a subsequent activation of the CCND1-RNASEL-CDKN1A-MDM2 axis. Taken together, this integrated analysis revealed the potential roles of the miR-193a-5p/TP73 and miR-188-5p/UBE2i negative regulation pairs in PCa. In addition to the significant clinical relevance, miR-193a-5p- and miR-188-5p-regulated CCND1-RNASEL-CDKN1A-TP73-MDM2-UBE2I signaling may be a novel regulatory biomodule in prostate carcinogenesis.
Long glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper regulates human thyroid cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Ayroldi Emira , Petrillo Maria Grazia , Marchetti Maria Cristina , Cannarile Lorenza , Ronchetti Simona , Ricci Erika , Cari Luigi , Avenia Nicola , Moretti Sonia , Puxeddu Efisio , Riccardi Carlo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (L-GILZ) has recently been implicated in cancer cell proliferation. Here, we investigated its role in human thyroid cancer cells. L-GILZ protein was highly expressed in well-differentiated cancer cells from thyroid cancer patients and differentiated thyroid cancer cell lines, but poorly expressed in anaplastic tumors. A fusion protein containing L-GILZ, when overexpressed in an L-GILZ-deficient 8505C cell line derived from undifferentiated human thyroid cancer tissue, inhibited cellular proliferation in vitro. In addition, when this protein was injected into nude mice, in which cells from line 8505C had been transplanted, xenograft growth was reduced. Since the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is frequently hyperactivated in thyroid cancer cells as a result of the BRAFV600E or Ras mutation, we sought to further investigate the role of L-GILZ in the MAPK pathway. To this end, we analyzed L-GILZ expression and function in cells treated with MAPK inhibitors. We used 8505C cells, which have the BRAFV600E mutation, or the CAL-62 cell line, which harbors a Ras mutation. The cells were treated with the BRAF-specific drug vemurafenib (PLX4032) or the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, respectively. Treatment with these agents inhibited MAPK activation, reduced cell proliferation, and upregulated L-GILZ expression. L-GILZ silencing reversed the antiproliferative activity of the MAPK inhibitors, consistent with an antiproliferative role. Treatment with MAPK inhibitors led to the phosphorylation of the cAMP/response element-binding protein (CREB), and active CREB bound to the L-GILZ promoter, contributing to its transcription. We suggest that the CREB signaling pathway, frequently deregulated in thyroid tumors, is involved in L-GILZ upregulation and that L-GILZ regulates thyroid cancer cell proliferation, which may have potential in cancer treatment.
IL-32 gamma reduces lung tumor development through upregulation of TIMP-3 overexpression and hypomethylation
Authors: Yun Jaesuk , Park Mi Hee , Son Dong Ju , Nam Kyung Tak , Moon Dae Bong , Ju Jung Heun , Hwang Ok Kyung , Choi Jeong Soon , Kim Tae Hoon , Jung Young Suk , Hwang Dae Yeon , Han Sang Bae , Yoon Do-Young , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe low expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) is important in inflammatory responses. Therefore, inhibition of TIMP-3 may promote tumor development. Our study showed that expression of TIMP-3 was elevated in lL-32γ mice lung tissues. In this study, we investigated whether IL-32γ mice inhibited lung tumor development through overexpression of TIMP-3 and its methylation. To explore the possible underlying mechanism, lung cancer cells were transfected with IL-32γ cDNA plasmid. A marked increase in TIMP-3 expression was caused by promoter methylation. Mechanistic studies indicated that TIMP-3 overexpression reduced NF-κB activity, which led to cell growth inhibition in IL-32γ transfected lung cancer cells. We also showed that IL-32γ inhibits expression of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Moreover, IL-32γ inhibits the binding of DNMT1 to TIMP-3 promoter, but this effect was reversed by the treatment of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza-CdR) and NF-κB inhibitor (PS1145), suggesting that a marked increase in TIMP-3 expression was caused by inhibition of promoter hypermethylation via decreased DNMT1 expression through the NF-κB pathway. In an in vivo carcinogen induced lung tumor model, tumor growth was inhibited in IL-32γ overexpressed mice with elevated TIMP-3 expression and hypomethylation accompanied with reduced NF-κB activity. Moreover, in the lung cancer patient tissue, the expression of IL-32 and TIMP-3 was dramatically decreased at a grade-dependent manner compared to normal lung tissue. In summary, IL-32γ may increase TIMP-3 expression via hypomethylation through inactivation of NF-κB activity, and thereby reduce lung tumor growth.
Attosecond recorder of the polarization state of light
Authors: Jiménez-Galán Álvaro , Dixit Gopal , Patchkovskii Serguei , Smirnova Olga , Morales Felipe , Ivanov Misha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh harmonic generation in multi-color laser fields opens the opportunity of generating isolated attosecond pulses with high ellipticity. Such pulses hold the potential for time-resolving chiral electronic, magnetization, and spin dynamics at their natural timescale. However, this potential cannot be realized without characterizing the exact polarization state of light on the attosecond timescale. Here we propose and numerically demonstrate a complete solution of this problem. Our solution exploits the extrinsic two-dimensional chirality induced in an atom interacting with the chiral attosecond pulse and a linearly polarized infrared probe. The resulting asymmetry in the photoelectron spectra allows to reconstruct the complete polarization state of the attosecond pulse, including its possible time dependence. The challenging problem of distinguishing circularly polarized, partially polarized, or unpolarized pulses in the extreme ultraviolet range is also resolved. We expect this approach to become the core ingredient for attosecond measurements of chiral-sensitive processes in gas and condensed phase.
Frequency multiplexing for quasi-deterministic heralded single-photon sources
Authors: Joshi Chaitali , Farsi Alessandro , Clemmen Stéphane , Ramelow Sven , Gaeta Alexander L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParametric single-photon sources are well suited for large-scale quantum networks due to their potential for photonic integration. Active multiplexing of photons can overcome the intrinsically probabilistic nature of these sources, resulting in near-deterministic operation. However, previous implementations using spatial and temporal multiplexing scale unfavorably due to rapidly increasing switching losses. Here, we break this limitation via frequency multiplexing in which switching losses remain fixed irrespective of the number of multiplexed modes. We use low-noise optical frequency conversion for efficient frequency switching and demonstrate multiplexing of three modes. We achieve a generation rate of 4.6 × 104 photons per second with an ultra-low g(2)(0) = 0.07 indicating high single-photon purity. Our scalable, all-fiber multiplexing system has a total loss of just 1.3 dB, such that the 4.8 dB multiplexing enhancement markedly overcomes switching loss. Our approach offers a promising path to creating a deterministic photon source on an integrated chip-based platform.
Evidence that DNA polymerase δ contributes to initiating leading strand DNA replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Garbacz Marta A. , Lujan Scott A. , Burkholder Adam B. , Cox Phillip B. , Wu Qiuqin , Zhou Zhi-Xiong , Haber James E. , Kunkel Thomas A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo investigate nuclear DNA replication enzymology in vivo, we have studied Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains containing a pol2-16 mutation that inactivates the catalytic activities of DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε). Although pol2-16 mutants survive, they present very tiny spore colonies, increased doubling time, larger than normal cells, aberrant nuclei, and rapid acquisition of suppressor mutations. These phenotypes reveal a severe growth defect that is distinct from that of strains that lack only Pol ε proofreading (pol2-4), consistent with the idea that Pol ε is the major leading-strand polymerase used for unstressed DNA replication. Ribonucleotides are incorporated into the pol2-16 genome in patterns consistent with leading-strand replication by Pol δ when Pol ε is absent. More importantly, ribonucleotide distributions at replication origins suggest that in strains encoding all three replicases, Pol δ contributes to initiation of leading-strand replication. We describe two possible models.
On the relative motions of long-lived Pacific mantle plumes
Authors: Konrad Kevin , Koppers Anthony A. P. , Steinberger Bernhard , Finlayson Valerie A. , Konter Jasper G. , Jackson Matthew G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMantle plumes upwelling beneath moving tectonic plates generate age-progressive chains of volcanos (hotspot chains) used to reconstruct plate motion. However, these hotspots appear to move relative to each other, implying that plumes are not laterally fixed. The lack of age constraints on long-lived, coeval hotspot chains hinders attempts to reconstruct plate motion and quantify relative plume motions. Here we provide 40Ar/39Ar ages for a newly identified long-lived mantle plume, which formed the Rurutu hotspot chain. By comparing the inter-hotspot distances between three Pacific hotspots, we show that Hawaii is unique in its strong, rapid southward motion from 60 to 50 Myrs ago, consistent with paleomagnetic observations. Conversely, the Rurutu and Louisville chains show little motion. Current geodynamic plume motion models can reproduce the first-order motions for these plumes, but only when each plume is rooted in the lowermost mantle.
Sugar based N,N′-didodecyl-N,N′digluconamideethylenediamine gemini surfactant as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution-effect of synergistic KI additive
Authors: Aslam Ruby , Mobin Mohammad , Aslam Jeenat , Lgaz Hassane 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe inhibitory behaviour of non-ionic sugar basedN,N′-didodecyl-N,N′-digluconamideethylenediamine gemini surfactant, designated as Glu(12)-2-Glu(12) on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 3.5% NaCl at 30–60 °C was explored using weight loss, PDP, EIS and SEM/EDAX/AFM techniques. The compound inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in 3.5% NaCl and the extent of inhibition was dependent on concentration and temperature. The inhibiting action of Glu(12)-2-Glu(12) is synergistically enhanced on addition of potassium iodide (KI) at all concentrations and temperatures. The inhibiting formulation comprising of 2.5 × 10−3mM of Glu(12)-2-Glu(12) and 10 mM of KI exhibits an inhibition efficiency of 96.9% at 60 °C. Quantum chemical calculations and MD simulation were applied to analyze the experimental data and elucidate the adsorption behaviour and inhibition mechanism of inhibitors. MD simulation showed a nearly parallel or flat disposition for Glu(12)-2-Glu(12) molecules on the MS surface providing larger blocking area to prevent the metal surface from corrosion.
Creating a 3D microbial and chemical snapshot of a human habitat
Authors: Kapono Clifford A. , Morton James T. , Bouslimani Amina , Melnik Alexey V. , Orlinsky Kayla , Knaan Tal Luzzatto , Garg Neha , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Protsyuk Ivan , Janssen Stefan , Zhu Qiyun , Alexandrov Theodore , Smarr Larry , Knight Rob , Dorrestein Pieter C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne of the goals of forensic science is to identify individuals and their lifestyle by analyzing the trace signatures left behind in built environments. Here, microbiome and metabolomic methods were used to see how its occupants used an office and to also gain insights into the lifestyle characteristics such as diet, medications, and personal care products of the occupants. 3D molecular cartography, a molecular visualization technology, was used in combination with mass spectrometry and microbial inventories to highlight human-environmental interactions. Molecular signatures were correlated with the individuals as well as their interactions with this indoor environment. There are person-specific chemical and microbial signatures associated with this environment that directly relate who had touched objects such as computers, computer mice, cell phones, desk phone, table or desks. By combining molecular and microbial investigation forensic strategies, this study offers novel insights to investigators who value the reconstructing of human lifestyle and characterization of human environmental interaction.