bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a treadmill with integrated force plates for kinetic gait analysis of sound and lame dogs at a trot
Authors: Moens N. M. M. , Runciman J. R. , Brebner N. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective was to compare mean peak vertical force (PVF) obtained with a treadmill with two integrated force plates (TM) with the piezoelectric force platform (FP) for sound and lame dogs at a trot. The aim was also to report the inter-step variability (ISV) for both systems and the effect of lameness on these values. Six sound dogs (20.0–25.5 kg) and six dogs with a grade 2/5 forelimb lameness (17.0–36.1 kg) were used in the study. Dogs were acclimatized and assigned an individual target velocity (1.8–2.2 m/s). Mean PVF measurements were obtained for both TM and FP. Subject velocity was controlled by belt speed on TM and restricted to 0.25 M/s above or below the assigned target velocity for FP. Acceleration was limited to +/- 0.3 M/s2. For the sound dogs, concordance and correlation coefficients of the mean PVF for the front limbs was 0.79 and 0.76, respectively. Concordance and correlation for the rear limbs was 0.90 and 0.81, respectively. For the lame dogs, concordance and correlation for the front limbs was 0.73 and 0.59, respectively. Concordance and correlation for the rear limbs was 0.89 and 0.95, respectively. ISV was 0.94 with TM and 0.84 with FP for the sound dogs and 0.96 with TM and 0.87 with FP for the lame dogs. In conclusion, TM provided rapid PVF measurements, good concordance for the hind limbs, and substantial concordance for the forelimbs in both sound and lame dogs at a trot as compared to FP. Both systems demonstrated excellent ISV for both lame and sound dogs.
Holding Power of Orthopaedic Screws in Femora of Young Calves
Authors: Kirpensteijn J. , Roush J. K. , St-Jean G. , DeBowes R. M. , Gaughan E. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe holding power and holding power per mm bone width of 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm cortical and 6.5 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws were obtained by load-to-failure studies in excised femora of young female Holstein calves. Mean ( ± SD) holding power (HP), holding power per mm bone width (HPBW), and holding power per cortical bone width (HPCW) of 4.5 mm (179.67 ± 59.74 kg), 5.5 mm (171.46 ± 76.52 kg), and 6.5 mm orthopaedic screws (191.10 ± 56.67 kg) were not significantly different. The HP, HPBW, HPCW, bone width (BW), and cortical width (CW) were not different between left and right femora. The greatest HP was obtained in the proximal femoral diaphysis, while the smallest HP was observed in the proximal and distal metaphysis. The increase in HP was related to the increase in CW, but was not related to the BW. The CW at the insertion sites of orthopaedic screws in femora was significantly less than in metacarpi and metatarsi. The limiting factor of holding power in all tests was the shear strength of the bone.This study compares the holding power, holding power per mm bone width, and holding power per mm cortical width of 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm cortical and 6.5 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws in excised femora of young female Holstein calves. The holding power, holding power per mm bone width, and holding power per mm cortical width of different screws were not significantly different.
Evaluation of the Osteoinductive Capacity of Canine Demineralized Bone Matrix in Heterotopic Muscle Sites of Athymic Rats
Authors: Forell Elaine , Powers Barbara , Johnson J. , Cooper Mary , Withrow St. J. , Straw R. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe osteoinductive capacity of canine demineralized bone matrix (DBM), implanted in epaxial muscle sites of athymic rats, was evaluated using calcium content and histomorphometry at two, four and six weeks after implantation. Results of this study confirm that DBM, derived from canine sources, does possess significant osteoinductive ability since histological examination revealed the presence of new cartilage, bone, or both, at 21/24 implantation sites. The osteogenesis induced by canine DBM continued as an active, cumulative process throughout the six week investigation period. The mean percentage of total induced osteogenic components including new, live cartilage, woven bone, lamellar bone and bone marrow cellular elements, was significantly greater after six weeks than after two weeks of implantation (p <0.01). Comparison of histomorphometric point counts at two, four and six weeks of implantation supported the conclusion that bone for mation as induced by canine DBM, proceeds primarily via an endochondral ossification pathway. Although the amount of calcium deposited in tissues harvested from DBM implanted sites tended to increase as implantation time lengthened, there was not a statistically significant correlation between calcium content and the level of osteogenic activity seen histologically (r = 0.32, p = 0.13).The osteoinductive capacity of canine demineralized bone matrix (DBM), implanted in ep-axial muscle sites of athymic rats, was evaluated using calcium content and histomorphometry at two, four and six weeks after implantation. Results of this investigation confirm that DBM, derived from canine sources, does possess significant osteo-inductive ability and that bone formation proceeds primarily via a pathway of endochondral ossification.
Canine Osteotomy Healing when Stabilized with Decreasingly Rigid Fixation Compared to Constantly Rigid Fixation
Authors: Histand M. B. , Norrdin R. W. , Konde L. J. , Schwarz P. D. , Egger E.L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of destabilizing initially rigid external fixation of transverse canine tibial osteotomies, compared to contralateral osteotomies continuously stabilized, with rigid fixators. Destabilization, by conversion of a type III configuration fixator to a type I configuration, after one to four weeks resulted in increased periosteal callus formation but decreased mechanical strength and histologically a preponderance of fibrous and cartilaginous tissues in the osteotomy when studied after nine weeks. Destabilization at six weeks did not result in an increase in periosteal callus formation, nor greater bending strength. Histologically there was a combination of woven and lamellar bone, with the appearance of more active remodelling of primary bone healing. Destabilization at 12 weeks did not result in any effect, when studied after 15 weeks. These findings suggest that increasing weight-bearing loading of a fracture, at the proper time, may enhance the remodelling and hypertrophy of primary bone healing. However, inappropriate timing of destabilization may not have any or even a deleterious effect.Effects of reducing initially rigid fixation of canine tibial osteotomies, after various periods of time, were studied. Destabilization after one to four weeks caused increased periosteal callus formation but decreased mechanical strength. Destabilization after six weeks resulted in increased mechanical strength but no increase in periosteal callus, and destabilization after 12 weeks had no effect compared to osteotomies continuously stabilized with rigid fixation.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Subchondral Changes in Osteoarthritis and its Association to the Cartilage Degeneration
Authors: Svalastoga E. , Strøm H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn order to quantify the alterations in subchrondral bone and to compare the changes with the severity of the cartilage lesions, a quantitative histological analysis of articular cartilage and subchrondral bone from osteoarthritic and normal femoral heads was performed.The analyses were based on 12 femoral heads, seven which were osteoarthritic and five controls. Coronal sections were made and divided into four separate sites to include two weight-bearing and two non-weight-bearing. For each area the percentage volume of trabecular bone was determined by histomorphometry and the degree of cartilage degeneration was evaluated according to a histologicalhistochemical grading system.The data obtained showed wide variations from site to site, in osteoarthritic femoral heads, with consistently more pronounced alterations in cartilage and subchrondral bone in the weight-bearing areas. Bone thickening and cartilage degeneration were distinctly increased in osteoarthritic joints, in contrast to the control group. By comparing the bony changes with the severity of the cartilage lesions, a correlation of moderate significance was found between the degeneration of the cartilage and sclerosis of the subchrondral bone.Sections from osteoarthritic and normal canine femoral heads were obtained and divided into weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing areas. The trabecular bone area (%) and the severity of cartilage degeneration were determined by bone histo-morphology and a cartilage histological-histochemical grading system.Bone thickening and cartilage degeneration were increased in osteoarthritic joints, when compared to normal controls with consistently more pronounced alterations in weight-bearing areas. The severity of the cartilage lesions were found to corre-late with subchrondral bone sclerosis.
Radio-Ulnar Synostosis Complicating Partial Mid-Diaphyseal Ulnar Ostectomy in Growing Dogs
Authors: MacPherson G. C. , Johnson K. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRadio-ulnar synostosis developed in two dogs that had partial mid-diaphyseal ulnar ostectomies performed to correct asynchronous growth of the radius and ulna. The synostosis was apparently painful and caused lameness in one dog, and exacerbated humero-ulnar subluxation in the other dog. Periosteal and interosseous ligament trauma, together with the location of the ulnar ostectomy, radial overstrain and radial hypertrophy were considered to be important factors in the pathogenesis of synostosis formation in these cases.Radio-ulnar synostosis was a complication of mid-diaphyseal ulnar ostectomy in two young dogs.
The Development of an Equine Fracture Documentation System
Authors: Peutz I. P. , Norris J. C. , Auer J. A. , Rechenberg von , Fackelman G. E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDue to a perceived need for better information on the occurrence and repair of equine fractures, we developed a system designed to gather data on an interinstitutional basis. Fundamental to our task was the creation of a system of classifying the injuries most commonly treated by internal fixation, but including other fracture forms as well.The initial ("paper") documentation system, designed along the lines of the existing AO/ASIF Human format was praised by pilot study participants for its thoroughness and relevance, but individual clinician compliance was low due to the system’s length and complexity. The present ("diskette") version was designed for use with the Apple Macintosh, and was later modified for IBM PCs and their clones. It is currently being distributed to participating AO/ASIF Vet member clinics. The AO/ASIF EFDS was designed with a view toward crossover with existing human and developing small animal systems. As such it should provide an important building block for efforts in veterinary comparative orthopedics and traumatology.The need for a classification of commonly occurring equine fractures was recognized, and a corresponding system developed. Originally conceived on paper with computer-readable sheets, the system was later modified to be committed to diskettes. In its current form, the system is in use documenting the outcome of repair of exercise induced fractures. Updates will incorporate other (e.g. long bone) fractures, and long-term follow-up data.
Experimental and Clinical Experience with an IM Pin External Skeletal Fixator Tie-in Configuration
Authors: Foutz T. L. , Keller W. G. , Brown J. , Aron D. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn intramedullary (IM) pin external skeletal fixator “tie-in” configuration is described, for use as a stabilizing device, in the treatment of fractures of the humerus and femur in the dog and cat. With in vitro testing of the configuration using cadaver bones, more resistance to bending was gained by the tie-in arrangement than was possible with one not tied-in. Forty-one clinical cases documented the use of the tie-in configuration for fracture repair. Twenty-four dogs and 17 cats were treated over the past seven years. Fourteen were used to stabilize fractures of the humerus and 27 for the femur. Migration of the IM pin or external fixation frame was not seen and all of the cases went to bone union. The unconventional method of leaving the IM pin protruding from the skin did not lead to complications. All of the owners, contacted from one to two months after removal of the implants, reported their animals to have excellent or good results. Five animals were lost to follow-up.
War Albert Einstein ein Asperger-Autist?
Authors: Kamp-Becker I. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Autistische Störungen sind früh beginnende, schwerwiegende Entwicklungsstörungen. Sie stellen ein heterogenes Störungsbild dar, dessen Abgrenzung zu anderen Störungsbildern schwierig sein kann. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob bei Albert Einstein eine solche Störung vorgelegen hat.Methoden: Die biografischen Angaben werden daraufhin untersucht, ob die diagnostischen Kriterien für Autismus erfüllt sind.Ergebnisse: Dies ist eindeutig nicht der Fall. Es wird umfassend diskutiert, wieso es zu der Zuschreibung einer autistischen Störung bei Einstein kommt.Schlussfolgerung: Indem berühmten Persönlichkeiten wie Einstein eine Diagnose zugeschrieben wird, wird einerseits ein hohes Identifikationspotenzial hergestellt, aber auch eine Pathologisierung der Normalität vorgenommen, um Pathologie zu normalisieren.Klinische Relevanz: Aktuell ist die Diagnose Autismus eine “Modediagnose”, deren differenzialdiagnostische Abgrenzung zu anderen Störungen immer unkenntlicher wird.
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy
Authors: Köhler S. , Sterzer P. , Brakemeier E.-L. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Depression ist eine schwer beeinträchtigende psychische Störung, welche meist schon während der Kindheit durch traumatisierende Beziehungserfahrungen beginnt und aufgrund ihrer Therapieresistenz eine große Herausforderung darstellt. Das Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) ist die einzige Psychotherapie, welche speziell für diese Patientengruppe entwickelt wurde. CBASP kombiniert schulenübergreifend behaviorale, kognitive, interpersonelle und analytische Strategien. Kindheitsund Lebenserfahrungen werden in einen Zusammenhang zu aktuellen interpersonellen Problemen gestellt. Zentrale Elemente sind die Situationsanalyse (SA) mit Verhaltenstrainings und Diskriminationslernen durch Rollenspiele, interpersonelle Strategien und Transferübungen. Die therapeutische Rolle ist gekennzeichnet durch das disziplinierte Preisgeben eigener Gefühle und Reaktionen ausgerichtet auf die Bedürfnisse chronisch Depressiver, um dem Patienten eine korrigierende und heilsame Beziehungserfahrung zu ermöglichen. In ersten Studien konnte die Wirksamkeit von CBASP in der Behandlung der chronischen Depression nachgewiesen werden. Weitere Studien zum Vergleich mit anderen Therapieverfahren sind notwendig und sollen in den nächsten Jahren folgen.
Metakognitive Therapie
Authors: Korn J. , Schweiger U. , Korn O. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungZu den neueren Entwicklungen der Verhaltenstherapie zählt die Metakognitive Therapie (MCT), die von Adrian Wells entwickelt worden ist. Sie geht davon aus, dass es nicht die Inhalte von Kognitionen, sondern dysfunktionale und für den Patienten schwer zu kontrollierende Muster des Denkens und der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung sind, die psychische Störungen aufrechterhalten. Diese charakteristischen Muster werden als kognitives Aufmerksamkeitssyndrom (CAS) bezeichnet. Das CAS besteht aus einem exzessiven Grübeln und Sich-Sorgen-machen, Gedankenkontrollstrategien sowie einer ausgeprägten Lenkung der Aufmerksamkeit auf potentielle Gefahren. Den Hintergrund für den Einsatz dieser Strategien stellen nach Ansicht der MCT positive metakognitive Überzeugungen dar, die ihren Nutzen für den Patienten betonen. Über die Zeit bilden sich jedoch auch negative metakognitive Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der Unkontrollierbarkeit dieser Prozesse und ihrer Gefährlichkeit. Sie tragen zu einer Aufrechterhaltung der Strategien und dem Einsatz weiterer dysfunktionaler Bewältigungsstrategien bei. Zu ihnen zählen z. B. die Vermeidung von Situationen, der Konsum von Substanzen oder sozialer Rückzug. Diese führen zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung der Symptomatik.Die metakognitive Therapie zielt auf eine Steigerung des metakognitiven Bewusstseins des Patienten und der Wiedererlangung der flexiblen Kontrolle über kognitive Prozesse und Prozesse der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung. Das CAS und dysfunktionale Bewältigungsstrategien werden abgebaut, die ihnen zugrunde liegenden metakognitiven Überzeugungen verändert und alternative Pläne der kognitiven Verarbeitung generiert. Die vorhandenen Studiendaten zur Behandlung verschiedener Störungsbilder deuten darauf hin, dass die MCT trotz einer relativ geringen Sitzungszahl hinsichtlich ihres Therapieerfolges der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie ebenbürtig sein könnte.
Use of circular external skeletal fixator constructs to stabilize tarsometatarsal arthrodeses in three dogs
Authors: Lewis D. D. , Jones R. W. , Hill R. C. , Anderson G. M. , Halling K. B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis report describes the use of circular external skeletal fixator (CESF) constructs for the stabilization of unilateral tarsometatarsal arthrodeses in three dogs with traumatic intertarsal or tarsometatarsal fracture/luxation injuries. The application of the CESF was performed following a limited approach to the intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints. All three of the dogs developed post-operative wire tract inflammation with drainage and two dogs developed osteomyelitis. These complications resolved with systemic antibiotic administration, debridement, and/or wire removal, after which all of the dogs tolerated the CESF well and resumed weight-bearing on the affected limb. The mean time to CESF removal was 16 weeks. The CESF construct provided sufficient stabilization for progressive union of the tarsometatarsal arthrodeses with a good long-term functional outcome in all three of the dogs.
The Strategic Approach of Managing Healthcare Data Exchange in Austria
Authors: Wrba T. , Gall W. , Dorda W. , Duftschmid G. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The exchange of electronic medical data between healthcare providers constitutes an integral part of modern medicine, and its importance is growing. Efficient application on a national level requires a uniform approach to the management of healthcare data exchange, avoiding isolated solutions that are expensive and also incompatible.

Methods:
In this communication we explain the basic concepts of establishing a nationwide framework to guide healthcare data exchange in Austria. To achieve this goal, a three-step approach was adopted: (i) creating general guidelines to direct electronic medical data exchange; (ii) defining detailed standards for electronic messages; (iii) organizing pilot projects to implement these standards, and further improving the general guidelines based on the results of the pilot projects.

Results:
We present the MAGDA-LENA framework which guides healthcare data exchange in Austria, and compare it with the US framework HIPAA. We describe several communication scenarios for which concrete message standards were developed in recent years, based on the MAGDA-LENA framework. We further discuss the implementation of these standards in four pilot projects.

Conclusions:
The strategic approach of managing healthcare data exchange presented in this paper is expected to have a substantial impact on medical informatics in Austria over the next few years.
Internationalization of Healthcare Applications: A Generic Approach for PACS Workstations
Authors: Hussein R. , Engelmann U. , Schroeter A. , Meinzer H. P. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Along with the revolution of information technology and the increasing use of computers worldwide, software providers recognize the emerging need for internationalized, or global, software applications. The importance of internationalization comes from its benefits such as addressing a broader audience, making the software applications more accessible, easier to use, more flexible to support and providing users with more consistent information. In addition, some governmental agencies, e.g., in Spain, accept only fully localized software. Although the healthcare communication standards, namely, Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) and Health Level Seven (HL7) support wide areas of internationalization, most of the implementers are still protective about supporting the complex languages. This paper describes a generic internationalization approach for Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) workstations.

Methods:
The Unicode standard is used to internationalize the application user interface. An encoding converter was developed to encode and decode the data between the rendering module (in Unicode encoding) and the DICOM data (in ISO 8859 encoding). An integration gateway was required to integrate the inter-nationalized PACS components with the different PACS installations. To introduce a pragmatic example, the described approach was applied to the CHILI PACS workstation.

Results:
The approach has enabled the application to handle the different internationalization aspects transparently, such as supporting complex languages, switching between different languages at runtime, and supporting multilingual clinical reports.

Conclusions:
In the healthcare enterprises, internationalized applications play an essential role in supporting a seamless flow of information between the heterogeneous multivendor information systems.
Bad Health Informatics Can Kill – Is Evaluation the Answer?
Authors: Shaw N. T. , Ammenwerth E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objective:
Health care is entering the age of information society. It is evident that the use of modern information and communication technology (ICT) offers tremendous opportunities to improve health care. However, there are also hazards associated with ICT in health care. We want to present an overview of typical hazards associated with ICT in health care, and to discuss how ICT evaluation can be a solution.

Methods:
We analyze examples of failures and problems associated with ICT in health care. This collection is also made available on a website.

Results and Conclusion:
Systematic, continuous evaluation of quality and effects of ICT during the whole life cycle of ICT components seems to be one important approach to detect and prevent possible ICT hazards and failures, supporting a higher quality of patient care. However, empirical studies proving this assumption are needed.