bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-optical characterization of subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the Mediterranean Sea from a Biogeochemical-Argo float database
Authors: Barbieux Marie , Uitz Julia , Gentili Bernard , Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , Mignot Alexandre , Poteau Antoine , Schmechtig Catherine , Taillandier Vincent , Leymarie Edouard , Penkerc'h Christophe , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Claustre Hervé , Bricaud Annick 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. As commonly observed in oligotrophic stratified waters, a subsurface (or
deep) chlorophyll maximum (SCM) frequently characterizes the vertical
distribution of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Mediterranean Sea.
Occurring far from the surface layer “seen” by ocean colour satellites,
SCMs are difficult to observe with adequate spatio-temporal resolution and
their biogeochemical impact remains unknown. Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo)
profiling floats represent appropriate tools for studying the dynamics of
SCMs. Based on data collected from 36 BGC-Argo floats deployed in the
Mediterranean Sea, our study aims to address two main questions. (1) What
are the different types of SCMs in the Mediterranean Sea? (2) Which
environmental factors control their occurrence and dynamics? First, we
analysed the seasonal and regional variations in the chlorophyll
concentration (Chl a), particulate backscattering coefficient (bbp), a
proxy of the particulate organic carbon (POC) and environmental parameters
(photosynthetically active radiation and nitrates) within the SCM layer over the Mediterranean Basin. The
vertical profiles of Chl a and bbp were then statistically classified and the seasonal occurrence of each of the different types of SCMs
quantified. Finally, a case study was performed on two contrasted regions
and the environmental conditions at depth were further investigated to
understand the main controls on the SCMs. In the eastern basin, SCMs result,
at a first order, from a photoacclimation process. Conversely, SCMs in the
western basin reflect a biomass increase at depth benefiting from both light
and nitrate resources. Our results also suggest that a variety of
intermediate types of SCMs are encountered between these two endmember
situations.
Brief communication: PICOP, a new ocean melt parameterization under ice shelves combining PICO and a plume model
Authors: Pelle Tyler , Morlighem Mathieu , Bondzio Johannes H. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Basal melting at the bottom of Antarctic ice shelves is a major control on
glacier dynamics, as it modulates the amount of buttressing that floating ice
shelves exert onto the ice streams feeding them. Three-dimensional ocean
circulation numerical models provide reliable estimates of basal melt rates
but remain too computationally expensive for century-scale projections. Ice
sheet modelers therefore routinely rely on simplified parameterizations based
on either ice shelf depth or more sophisticated box models. However, existing
parameterizations do not accurately resolve the complex spatial patterns of
sub-shelf melt rates that have been observed over Antarctica's ice shelves,
especially in the vicinity of the grounding line, where basal melting is one
of the primary drivers of grounding line migration. In this study, we couple
the Potsdam Ice-shelf Cavity mOdel (PICO, Reese et al., 2018) to a buoyant
plume melt rate parameterization (Lazeroms et al., 2018) to create PICOP, a
novel basal melt rate parameterization that is easy to implement in transient
ice sheet numerical models and produces a melt rate field that is in
excellent agreement with the spatial distribution and magnitude of
observations for several ocean basins. We test PICOP on the Amundsen Sea
sector of West Antarctica, Totten, and Moscow University ice shelves in East
Antarctica and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf and compare the results to PICO.
We find that PICOP is able to reproduce inferred high melt rates beneath Pine
Island, Thwaites, and Totten glaciers (on the order of 100 m yr−1) and
removes the “banding” pattern observed in melt rates produced by PICO over
the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. PICOP resolves many of the issues contemporary
basal melt rate parameterizations face and is therefore a valuable tool for
those looking to make future projections of Antarctic glaciers.
World Christianity and the Ethnographic Imagination
Authors: Arrington Aminta 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The ethnographic imagination links the big stories of broad historical forces and the small stories of individual lived experience. In the study of world Christianity, it links church movements with individual participants, texts with oral traditions, creeds with practices. In this article the author examines the role of migration in the Christian story of the Lisu of southwest China. The author tells the big story of how migration across borders greatly impacted the resilience of Lisu Christianity, allowing it to transcend the political turmoil of particular countries. But she also tells a small story, showing migration as a lived experience that greatly impacted one Christian family. The ethnographic imagination seeks truth in the frayed edges where big stories and small stories meet. Ultimately, the ethnographic imagination is an appropriate research posture for world Christianity because it requires that scholars approach the subject less as a corpus of texts and more as a community of souls.
NÍVEIS DE INCLUSÃO DE CAULIM NA RAÇÃO DE CODORNAS JAPONESAS NO FINAL DO CICLO PRODUTIVO
Authors: Justino Lucas Rodrigo , Calixto Ligia Fatima Lima , Reis Túlio Leite , Lemos Marina Jorge de , Soares Pollianna Luciene da Silva 
Published: April 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o melhor nível de inclusão de caulim na ração de codornas japonesas no final do ciclo produtivo sobre o desempenho, qualidade dos ovos e umidade das excretas. Foram utilizadas 256 codornas japonesas com 54 semanas de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, oito repetições, contendo 8 aves por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: tratamento 1 = controle (dieta referência sem inclusão de caulim); tratamento 2 = dieta referência com inclusão de 1,5% de caulim; tratamento 3 = dieta referência com inclusão de 3,0% de caulim e tratamento 4 = dieta referência com inclusão de 4,5% de caulim. As variáveis estudadas: consumo de ração, produção de ovos, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar, viabilidade, Unidade Haugh, Índice de Gema (IG), porcentagem de componentes do ovo (casca, albúmen e gema); pigmentação da gema; pH da gema e do albúmen, espessura da casca, porcentagem da casca em e umidade das excretas. A inclusão de caulim demonstrou comportamento quadrático melhorando o desempenho e aumentando o peso dos ovos no final do ciclo produtivo das codornas.
Choosing a password breaking strategy with imposed time restrictions
Authors: Rodwald Przemysław 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the article is to present the password breaking methodology in case when an attacker (forensic investigator, court expert, pen tester) has imposed time restrictions. This is a typical situation during many legal investigations where computers are seized by legal authorities but they are protected by passwords. At the beginning, the current state of law in that matter is presented, along with good practices in seizing the evidence. Then, the ways of storing static passwords in information systems are showed, after which various classes of password breaking methods are reviewed (dictionary, brute-force, rule, combinator, mask, hybrid, etc.). The most popular tools supporting this process are listed as well. The main part of the paper presents the original strategy of conducting an attack on a single hashed password with time constraints. Costs as well as economic efficiency for four different hardware solutions (laptop, gaming computer, rig with 6 GPU’s, cloud computing) are discussed. The calculations are shown on the example of two real attacks carried out by the author in the real legal cases.
Keywords: passwords, breaking passwords, hash functions, computer forensics.
Application of Neural Networks in the Tests of Hand Grenade Fuses
Authors: Ampuła Dariusz 
Published: April 2019

The neural networks, which find currently use in the unusually wide range of problems, in such fields as: finance, medicine, geology or physics, were characterized in the article. It was accent, that neural networks are very sophisticated technique of modelling, able to map extremely complex functions. It was noticed particularly, that neural networks had a non-linear character, what very essentially improve the possibilities of their applications.
Some previous applications of neural networks were introduced, both in the area of domestic and foreign, including also military applications.
The fuse of UZRGM type (Universal Modernized Fuse of Hand Grenades) was characterized, describing his building and way of action, special attention-getting on the tested features during laboratory diagnostic tests.
Necessary technical parameters for the first and the second laboratory diagnostic tests, whose purpose was to build two independent neural networks, on the basis of existing test results and undertaken post-diagnostic decisions were designed. A few artificial neural networks were made and finally the best two independent neural networks were chosen. The main parameters of the chosen active neural networks were introduced in the pictures.
Concise information, relating to the built artificial neural networks, for the first and the second laboratory diagnostic tests of the fuses of UZRGM type, was presented in the end of the article. In the summary, clearly distinguished are advantages of the applications of the proposed evaluation method, which significantly shortens an evaluation process of new empirical test results and causes complex automatization of an evaluation process of the tested fuses.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, neural networks, activation function, hidden neurons, fuse.
Low Prevalence of Asymptomatic Malaria in Pregnancy among Subjects Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Bauchi, Nigeria: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kadas A. S. , Okon K. O. , Alkali M. , Jibrin Y. B. , Balogun S. T. , Baffa M. A. , Dattijo L. M. , Shehu A. , Chama C. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy still posed clinical challenge and diagnostic problem. The preventive measures are often advocated during antenatal visits. This study assessed the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in pregnancy among subjects attending ante-natal clinics.
Methodology: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 140 volunteer asymptomatic pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) between July and September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemography, obstetric history and malaria control practices from the subjects following an informed consent. They were subjected to malaria screening by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and Giemsa-stained blood smears were prepared for RDT-positive subjects. The malaria positive subjects were treated according to national treatment guidelines on malaria in pregnancy.
Results: The overall mean (standard deviation) age of the 140 subjects was 24.2 (±10.3) years with majority within the age group of 27-32 years (41.4%, 58/140; p<0.05). Only three of the 140 subjects had malaria parasitaemia giving a prevalence of 2.1% (3/140). Among all the variables analyzed, malaria in pregnancy was associated with only older age (p<0.05) in the present study.
Conclusion: The study revealed low prevalence of asymptomatic malaria among pregnant women attending ATBUTH, Nigeria and could be attributed to the satisfactory ante-natal and malaria prevention practices. However, elaborate epidemiological studies are required to ascertain the finding.
Intrafraction tumor motion during deep inspiration breath hold pancreatic cancer treatment
Authors: Zeng Chuan , Xiong Weijun , Li Xiang , Reyngold Marsha , Gewanter Richard M. , Cuaron John J. , Yorke Ellen D. , Li Tianfang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeBeam gating with deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) has been widely used for motion management in radiotherapy. Normally it relies on some external surrogate for estimating the internal target motion, while the exact internal motion is unknown. In this study, we used the intrafraction motion review (IMR) application to directly track an internal target and characterized the residual motion during DIBH treatment for pancreatic cancer patients through their full treatment courses.Methods and MaterialsEight patients with pancreatic cancer treated with DIBH volumetric modulated arc therapy in 2017 and 2018 were selected for this study, each with some radiopaque markers (fiducial or surgical clips) implanted near or inside the target. The Varian Real‐time Position Management (RPM) system was used to monitor the breath hold, represented by the anterior‐posterior displacement of an external surrogate, namely reflective markers mounted on a plastic block placed on the patient's abdomen. Before each treatment, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan under DIBH was acquired for patient setup. For scan and treatment, the breath hold reported by RPM had to lie within a 3 mm window. IMR kV images were taken every 20° or 40° gantry rotation during dose delivery, resulting in over 5000 images for the cohort. The internal markers were manually identified in the IMR images. The residual motion amplitudes of the markers as well as the displacement from their initial positions located in the setup CBCT images were analyzed.ResultsEven though the external markers indicated that the respiratory motion was within 3 mm in DIBH treatment, significant residual internal target motion was observed for some patients. The range of average motion was from 3.4 to 7.9 mm, with standard deviation ranging from 1.2 to 3.5 mm. For all patients, the target residual motions seemed to be random with mean positions around their initial setup positions. Therefore, the absolute target displacement relative to the initial position was small during DIBH treatment, with the mean and the standard deviation 0.6 and 2.9 mm, respectively.ConclusionsInternal target motion may differ from external surrogate motion in DIBH treatment. Radiographic verification of target position at the beginning and during each fraction is necessary for precise RT delivery. IMR can serve as a useful tool to directly monitor the internal target motion.
Integrated Microphysiological Systems: Transferable Organ Models and Recirculating Flow
Authors: Renggli Kasper , Rousset Nassim , Lohasz Christian , Nguyen Oanh T. P. , Hierlemann Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudying and understanding of tissue and disease mechanisms largely depend on the availability of suitable and representative biological model systems. These model systems should be carefully engineered and faithfully reproduce the biological system of interest to understand physiological effects, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity to better identify new drug compounds. By relying on microfluidics, microphysiological systems (MPSs) enable the precise control of culturing conditions and connections of advanced in vitro 3D organ models that better reproduce in vivo environments. This review focuses on transferable in vitro organ models and integrated MPSs that host these transferable biological units and enable interactions between different tissue types. Interchangeable and transferrable in vitro organ models allow for independent quality control of the biological model before system assembly and building MPS assays on demand. Due to the complexity and different maturation times of individual in vitro tissues, off‐chip production and quality control entail improved stability and reproducibility of the systems and results, which is important for large‐scale adoption of the technology. Lastly, the technical and biological challenges and open issues for realizing and implementing integrated MPSs with transferable in vitro organ models are discussed.
Ceramic–Salt Composite Electrolytes from Cold Sintering
Authors: Lee Wonho , Lyon Christopher K. , Seo Joo‐Hwan , Lopez‐Hallman Raymond , Leng Yongjun , Wang Chao‐Yang , Hickner Michael A. , Randall Clive A. , Gomez Enrique D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of solid electrolytes with the combination of high ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and resistance to Li dendrites continues to be a challenge. A promising approach is to create inorganic–organic composites, where multiple components provide the needed properties, but the high sintering temperature of materials such as ceramics precludes close integration or co‐sintering. Here, new ceramic–salt composite electrolytes that are cold sintered at 130 °C are demonstrated. As a model system, composites of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) or Li1+x
+y
Alx
Ti2−x
Siy
P3−y
O12 (LATP) with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salts are cold sintered. The resulting LAGP–LiTFSI and LATP–LiTFSI composites exhibit high relative densities of about 90% and ionic conductivities in excess of 10−4 S cm−1 at 20 °C, which are comparable with the values obtained from LAGP and LATP sintered above 800 °C. It is also demonstrated that cold sintered LAGP–LiTFSI is electrochemically stable in Li symmetric cells over 1800 h at 0.2 mAh cm−2. Cold sintering provides a new approach for bridging the gap in processing temperatures of different materials, thereby enabling high‐performance composites for electrochemical systems.
Direct Synthesis of the 2D Copper(II) 5‐Prop‐2‐ynoxyisophthalate MOF: Comment on “Surface Functionalization of Porous Coordination Nanocages Via Click Chemistry and Their Application in Drug Delivery”
Authors: Ahmad Nazir , Younus Hussein A. , Gaoke Zhang , Van Hecke Kristof , Verpoort Francis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSynthesis of metal–organic materials is often dependent on the reaction conditions of suitable solvent/solvent mixture and temperature. A new finding based on a previously described protocol is reported: instead of obtaining metal–organic polyhedra (MOP), a metal–organic framework (MOF) with a 2D layered structure is obtained, following the same reported protocol. The 2D Cu(II)–5‐prop‐2‐ynoxyisophthlate MOF, crystallized in a kagomé‐type structure, is synthesized using different solvent systems at room temperature, as well as under solvothermal (nonhydrothermal) conditions. Under harsh reaction conditions, alkyne functional groups maintain their integrity and the copper does not catalyze the oxidative coupling of the terminal alkyne groups. X‐ray diffraction analyses confirm the structure and phase purity of the product. Based on the present results and the previous work reported by Zhao et al., it seems that two products, namely 0D MOP and 2D MOF, are equally possible when using the same reactants under same reaction conditions. However, the materials obtained in all the trials are MOF instead of MOP. From the structure point of view, there is a difference in connectivity of the initial building units that determines whether the product is MOP or MOF.
Unambiguous Discrimination and Detection of Controlled Chemical Vapors by a Film‐Based Fluorescent Sensor Array
Authors: Liu Ke , Wang Zhaolong , Shang Congdi , Li Xiao , Peng Haonan , Miao Rong , Ding Liping , Liu Jing , Liu Taihong , Fang Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn situ, online, fast, and sensitive detection and discrimination of explosives, illicit drugs, and volatile organic compounds via vapor sampling is a challenge for many years. The highly efficient and noncontact detection of 15 types of chemicals mentioned above using a film‐based fluorescent sensor array is reported herein. Importantly, the presence of water, toiletries, fruit, dirty clothes, and other interferences has little effect upon detection. Discrimination of the controlled chemicals is realized using a pattern recognition strategy. Meanwhile, a conceptual detector based on a sensor array is constructed and successfully used for simulated field tests. It is strongly believed that the present work not only provides a powerful fluorescent technique for efficient detection and discrimination of controlled chemicals with remarkably different properties but also demonstrates that arraying a single sensor is a promising strategy to mitigate the limitations of conventional film‐based fluorescent sensors.
An Elastic Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Random Mechanical Energy with Multiple Working Modes
Authors: Chen Yuliang , Zhang Ying , Zhan Taotao , Lin Zhiming , Zhang Steven L. , Zou Haiyang , Zhang Guobin , Zou Chongwen , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBecause of the shortage of fossil energy and the rapid development of Internet of things nowadays, renewable and clean energy is becoming valuable and necessary. One renewable energy source, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), has been proved to effectively harvest energy from vibration, walking, and even sphygmus. TENGs based on contact–separation mode are foremost and fundamental, and the input stimuli for TENGs are strictly limited by constant amplitude and uniaxial direction of motion, which limits many practical applications. Therefore, it is extremely meaningful to develop a kind of TENG to collect random energy, which ubiquitously exists in the ambient environment. Here, an elastic rubber is placed inside the structure of an elastic TENG (E‐TENG). With this novel structure, the output signals of the TENG are almost independent of the amplitude of the external stimuli due to the elasticity of rubber. Moreover, the E‐TENG shows good performance on angle detection without the limitation of the direction of stimuli. It is believed that the E‐TENG will contribute to developing next‐generation flexible TENGs and self‐powered sensors in the future.
Manipulating Cherenkov Radiation and Smith–Purcell Radiation by Artificial Structures
Authors: Su Zhaoxian , Xiong Bo , Xu Yihao , Cai Ziqiang , Yin Jianbo , Peng Ruwen , Liu Yongmin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA moving charged particle, such as an electron, can radiate light due to the interaction between its Coulomb field and surrounding matter. This phenomenon has spawned great interest in the fields of physics, electron microscopy, optics, biology, and materials science. Since the radiation generated by the charged particles strongly depends on the surrounding matter, artificially engineered materials with exotic electromagnetic and optic properties, including metamaterials and metasurfaces, provide an unprecedented opportunity to tailor the interaction between the charged particle and matter, and ultimately enable to manipulate the radiated light. In this review, the fundamentals of Cherenkov radiation and Smith–Purcell radiation are presented. Subsequently, the recent advances in the control of Cherenkov radiation and Smith–Purcell radiation based on metamaterials and metasurfaces are summarized. Finally, the applications using these two physical phenomena, including electron‐driven photon sources and electron accelerators, are discussed in this review.