bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery and analysis of a ULX nebula in NGC 3521
Authors: López K M , Jonker P G , Heida M , Torres M A P , Roberts T P , Walton D J , Moon D-S , Harrison F A 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present Very Large Telescope/X-shooter and Chandra X-ray observatory/ACIS observations of the ULX [SST2011] J110545.62 + 000016.2 in the galaxy NGC 3521. The source identified as a candidate near-infrared counterpart to the ULX in our previous study shows an emission line spectrum of numerous recombination and forbidden lines in the visible and near-infrared spectral regime. The emission from the candidate counterpart is spatially extended (∼34 pc) and appears to be connected with an adjacent H ii region, located ∼138 pc to the NE. The measured velocities of the emission lines confirm that both the candidate counterpart and H ii region reside in NGC 3521. The intensity ratios of the emission lines from the ULX counterpart show that the line emission originates from the combined effect of shock and photoionization of low metallicity (12 + log  (O/H) = 8.19 ± 0.11) gas. Unfortunately, there is no identifiable spectral signature directly related to the photosphere of the mass-donor star in our spectrum. From the archival Chandra data, we derive the X-ray luminosity of the source in the 0.3–7 keV range to be (1.9 ± 0.8) × 1040 er g cm−2 s−1, almost a factor of four higher than what is previously reported.
EWS–FLI1 modulated alternative splicing of ARID1A reveals novel oncogenic function through the BAF complex
Authors: Selvanathan Saravana P , Graham Garrett T , Grego Alexander R , Baker Tabari M , Hogg J Robert , Simpson Mark , Batish Mona , Crompton Brian , Stegmaier Kimberly , Tomazou Eleni M , Kovar Heinrich , Üren Aykut , Toretsky Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConnections between epigenetic reprogramming and transcription or splicing create novel mechanistic networks that can be targeted with tailored therapies. Multiple subunits of the chromatin remodeling BAF complex, including ARID1A, play a role in oncogenesis, either as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Recent work demonstrated that EWS–FLI1, the oncogenic driver of Ewing sarcoma (ES), plays a role in chromatin regulation through interactions with the BAF complex. However, the specific BAF subunits that interact with EWS–FLI1 and the precise role of the BAF complex in ES oncogenesis remain unknown. In addition to regulating transcription, EWS–FLI1 also alters the splicing of many mRNA isoforms, but the role of splicing modulation in ES oncogenesis is not well understood. We have identified a direct connection between the EWS–FLI1 protein and ARID1A isoform protein variant ARID1A-L. We demonstrate here that ARID1A-L is critical for ES maintenance and supports oncogenic transformation. We further report a novel feed-forward cycle in which EWS–FLI1 leads to preferential splicing of ARID1A-L, promoting ES growth, and ARID1A-L reciprocally promotes EWS–FLI1 protein stability. Dissecting this interaction may lead to improved cancer-specific drug targeting.
Efficient inhibition of RNA self-primed extension by addition of competing 3′-capture DNA-improved RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase
Authors: Gholamalipour Yasaman , Johnson William C , Martin Craig T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In vitro synthesized RNA is used widely in studies of RNA biology, biotechnology and RNA therapeutics. However, in vitro synthesized RNA often contains impurities, such as RNAs with lengths shorter and longer than the expected runoff RNA. We have recently confirmed that longer RNA products are formed predominantly via cis self-primed extension, in which released runoff RNA folds back on itself to prime its own RNA-templated extension. In the current work, we demonstrate that addition of a DNA oligonucleotide (capture DNA) that is complementary to the 3′ end of the expected runoff RNA effectively prevents self-primed extension, even under conditions commonly used for high RNA yields. Moreover, the presence of this competing capture DNA during ‘high yield’ transcription, leads to an increase in the yield of expected runoff RNA by suppressing the formation of undesired longer RNA byproducts.
Withdrawal Symptoms From E-Cigarette Abstinence Among Former Smokers: A Pre–Post Clinical Trial
Authors: Hughes John R , Peters Erica N , Callas Peter W , Peasley-Miklus Catherine , Oga Emmanuel , Etter Jean-Francois , Morley Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The major aim of this study was to test whether abstinence from e-cigarettes causes withdrawal symptoms in former smokers.

Methods
We conducted an unblinded, within-participants, pre–post clinical trial in which 109 former smokers who were current daily electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users used their own e-cigarette for 7 days followed by 6 days of biologically confirmed abstinence engendered via an escalating contingency payment system. Participants monitored symptoms of nicotine withdrawal daily via an Interactive Voice Response system. They also attended three laboratory visits per week for carbon monoxide and cotinine testing to verify abstinence.

Results
Half of participants completely abstained for a week. All the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) tobacco withdrawal symptoms, craving for e-cigarettes, craving for tobacco cigarettes, and the four possible new withdrawal symptoms (anhedonia, impulsivity, mood swings, and positive affect) increased during abstinence. Weight increased and heart rate decreased with abstinence. Symptoms showed the prototypical inverted U time pattern of a withdrawal state. The magnitude of withdrawal appeared to be somewhat less than that in a prior study of abstinent daily tobacco cigarette smokers. More severe withdrawal on the first 2 days of abstinence did not predict abstinence on the last day of the study.

Conclusions
Former smokers who are daily e-cigarette users transfer physical dependence on tobacco cigarettes to dependence on e-cigarettes. The severity of withdrawal from e-cigarettes appears to be only somewhat less than that from daily tobacco cigarette use. Replication tests that include placebo controls, testing for pharmacological specificity, and including never-smokers, non-daily e-cigarette users and dual users are indicated.

Implications
Our results indicate e-cigarettes can maintain physical dependence. This adverse effect should be included in any risk vs. benefit calculation. Also, potential and current e-cigarette users should be informed that abrupt cessation of e-cigarettes can cause withdrawal symptoms.

Trial registration
NCT02825459.
Procedure-Related Temporal Infarct After Retractorless Transsylvian Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy and Impact on 2-Year Epilepsy Outcome
Authors: Liao Chih-Hsiang , Chen Shao-Ching , Yu Hsiang-Yu , Lin Chun-Fu , Chou Chien-Chen , Lee Cheng-Chia , Lin Chung-Jung , Hsu Sanford P C , Shih Yang-Hsin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) is designed to treat patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

OBJECTIVE
To determine the volume and impact of temporal lobe infarction after retractorless transsylvian SAH (en bloc resection of the hippocampus) that have not been reported.

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of patients treated with retractorless transsylvian SAH. Infarctions were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the first week after the operation. Neuropsychological testing was performed preoperatively and 6 mo later. Seizure outcome was evaluated 2 yr after epilepsy surgery.

RESULTS
Between 2010 and 2014, a total of 30 patients were included in this study. Analysis of postoperative MRI showed the following: (1) mean removal volume of the hippocampus-parahippocampus was 5.72 cm3, and (2) mean volumes of temporal and insular infarctions were 1.71 and 0.25 cm3, respectively. Twenty-five patients (83.3%) were free of disabling seizures (Engel class I) at 2 yr of outcome. Neuropsychological testing revealed improvement in Perceptual Organization Index (P = .036) and verbal paired associates II (P = .014) after the operation. Neither infarction volume nor removal volume was related to epilepsy outcome in linear regression model.

CONCLUSION
Transsylvian SAH has comparable seizure outcomes but bears inherent risks of vasospasm/vascular injury. Immediate postoperative small infarction volume around resection cavity or along surgical corridor was noticed after retractorless transsylvian SAH, which did not cause neuropsychological deteriorations, in contrast to previous study with the use of self-sustaining rigid retraction system. Further study should be performed to compare procedure-related infarctions and their impacts on neuropsychological outcomes in different selective approaches.
Improving vaccination of pregnant women against seasonal influenza through use of a mandatory field in the obstetric electronic medical record
Authors: Orefice Roberto , Quinlivan Julie A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of the present study was to determine whether using a mandatory data field in an electronic health record would increase compliance with the recommendation to vaccinate pregnant women against influenza.

Methods
Two cohorts of women who delivered at the Centenary Hospital for Women and Children between 1–31 July 2015 and 1–31 July 2017 were compared for compliance with the national public health recommendation to vaccinate all pregnant women against influenza. The single change between audit periods was programming the electronic health record to include a mandatory field preventing clinicians from closing patient files unless they selected an answer to the question asking whether influenza vaccination had been performed. Data were audited and compliance rates were compared.

Results
A total of 275 and 299 women delivered in the two audit periods. There were no significant differences in maternal or neonatal characteristics between the two cohorts except for maternal age, which was younger in the second period (33.3 versus 31.5 years; P = 0.001). Vaccination rates doubled between audit periods (35.0% versus 79.8%, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
Introducing a mandatory data field into an electronic health record system may increase compliance with public health interventions, such as influenza vaccination in pregnant women.
Glucocorticoids and steroid sparing medications monotherapies or in combination for IgG4-RD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Omar Dina , Chen Yu , Cong Ye , Dong Lingli 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess the safety and efficacy of glucocorticoids (GCs), immunosuppressive agents (IM) and rituximab (RTX), alone or in combination, for the treatment of IgG4-RD.

Methods
Relevant articles published were searched in the databases with relevant key words. Network meta-analysis was conducted, with various outcomes including relapse rate, remission rate and adverse events. Data were calculated with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% CI. P-score was used to rank the treatments.

Results
A total of 15 studies involving 1169 patients were included. Network meta-analysis indicated that RTX maintenance therapy had the lowest relapse rate of all treatments (OR = 0.10, 95% CI [0.01, 1.63]), whereas GCs + IM was associated with a lower relapse rate compared with GCs alone (OR = 0.39, 95% CI [0.20, 0.80]). Further, patients treated with GCs + IM had a higher remission rate than those given GCs (OR= 3.36, 95% CI [1.44, 7.83]), IM (OR= 55.31, 95% CI [13.73, 222.73]) monotherapies or RTX induction therapy only (OR= 7.38, 95% CI [1.56, 34.94]). The rate of adverse events was comparable among the different treatment groups.

Conclusion
Treatment of IgG4-RD patients with GCs and IM was associated with higher remission rates and lower relapse rates, as well as comparable safety profiles compared with GC, IM and RTX induction therapy. RTX maintenance therapy had a larger reduction in the relapse rate compared with GC and IM. The current evidence should be carefully scrutinized as the included studies were observational in design. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm.
ESTIMATION OF Hp(3) TO THE EYE LENS OF INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGISTS—RELATION BETWEEN THE EYE LENS DOSE AND RADIOLOGIST’S HEIGHT
Authors: Tanaka Takuro , Matsubara Kosuke , Fukuda Atsushi , Kobayashi Satoshi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate occupational radiation dose to the eye lens of radiologists and the dose reduction ratio of lead glasses during interventional radiology. Three interventional radiologists monitored Hp(3) using small-type optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters attached to the left inside and outside of the lead glasses with 0.07-mmPb [Hp(3)eye]. Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) were monitored, respectively, by attaching the personal dosemeter to the lead neck collar above the lead apron. The median Hp(3)eye with lead glasses and the median dose reduction ratio of lead glasses for the three radiologists were 8.02 mSv/y and 57.7%, respectively. The median Hp(3)eye without lead glasses [Hp(3)eye-w/o] for the three radiologists was 18.6 mSv/y, but Hp(3)eye-w/o for one of the radiologists was 24.1 mSv/y. Monitoring occupational radiation dose to the eye lens is important because interventional radiologists are at risk of exceeding the new dose limit.
Important Bermuda trust decision concerning settlor’s wishes
Authors: Robinson Keith 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The intersection between the court’s power to bless the decision of a trustee and the impact of a settlor’s wishes on trustee decision-making has recently been considered by the Supreme Court of Bermuda in the important decision of In the Matter of the R Trust. In blessing the decision of the trustee in this case, the court referred with approval of the dicta of the UK Supreme Court in Pitt v Holt that the settlor’s wishes are simply a “relevant consideration”.
Prevalence and Anatomical Distribution of Bone Stress Injuries in the Elite Para Athlete
Authors: Tenforde Adam S. , Brook Emily M. , Broad Elizabeth , Matzkin Elizabeth G. , Yang Heidi Y. , Collins Jamie E. , Braun Peter W. , Blauwet Cheri A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bone stress injury is a common overuse injury in athletes. Risk factors for bone stress injury in athletes include the female athlete triad (triad); this has not been evaluated in para athletes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors, prevalence, and anatomical distribution of bone stress injury in para athletes. A cross-sectional online survey on health characteristics and previous fractures including bone stress injury was completed by para athletes training for the 2016 or 2018 Paralympic Games. Two hundred sixty para athletes completed the survey (659 invited, response rate = 40%). Half reported previous fracture, and bone stress injury was reported in 9.2% of all athletes. Twenty-four athletes (11 men and 13 women) sustained one or more bone stress injury, including 13 athletes with two bone stress injuries. No risk factors of the triad, disability type, or duration of disability were associated with bone stress injury. Injuries were most common in the metatarsals (n = 8) and hand/wrist (n = 7). In an elite para athlete population, locations for bone stress injury included both the upper and lower limbs. Clinically, para athletes presenting with pain localized to bone require further workup to evaluate for bone stress injury particularly for pain in both upper and lower limbs. Further research is required to identify risk factors for bone stress injury in para athletes.
Heritable temporal gene expression patterns correlate with metabolomic seed content in developing hexaploid oat seed
Authors: Hu Haixiao , Gutierrez-Gonzalez Juan J. , Liu Xinfang , Yeats Trevor H. , Garvin David F. , Hoekenga Owen A. , Sorrells Mark E. , Gore Michael A. , Jannink Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOat ranks sixth in world cereal production and has a higher content of health-promoting compounds compared to other cereals. However, there is neither a robust oat reference genome nor transcriptome. Using deeply sequenced full-length mRNA libraries of oat cultivar Ogle-C, a de novo high-quality and comprehensive oat seed transcriptome was assembled. With this reference transcriptome and QuantSeq 3’ mRNA sequencing, gene expression was quantified during seed development from 22 diverse lines across six time points. Transcript expression showed higher correlations between adjacent time points. Based on differentially expressed genes, we identified 22 major temporal co-expression (TCoE) patterns of gene expression and revealed enriched gene ontology biological processes. Within each TCoE set, highly correlated transcripts, putatively commonly affected by genetic background, were clustered, and termed genetic co-expression (GCoE) sets. 17 of the 22 TCoE sets had GCoE sets with median heritabilities higher than 0.50, and these heritability estimates were much higher than that estimated from permutation analysis, with no divergence observed in cluster sizes between permutation and non-permutation analyses. Linear regression between 634 metabolites from mature seeds and the PC1 score of each of the GCoE sets showed significantly lower p-values than permutation analysis. Temporal expression patterns of oat avenanthramides and lipid biosynthetic genes were concordant with previous studies of avenanthramide biosynthetic enzyme activity and lipid accumulation. This study expands our understanding of physiological processes that occur during oat seed maturation and provides plant breeders the means to change oat seed composition through targeted manipulation of key pathways.
Non-nutritive sweetener consumption during pregnancy affects adiposity in mouse and human offspring
Authors: Azad Meghan B. , Archibald Alyssa , Tomczyk Mateusz M. , Head Alanna , Cheung Kyle G. , de Souza Russell J. , Becker Allan B. , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Sears Malcolm R. , Subbarao Padmaja , Dolinsky Vernon W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOverweight and obesity affect over 20% of children worldwide. Emerging evidence shows that nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) could adversely influence weight gain and metabolic health, particularly during critical periods of development. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of prenatal NNS exposure on postnatal growth and adiposity. Among 2298 families participating in the CHILD cohort study, children born to mothers who regularly consumed NNS during pregnancy had elevated body mass index and adiposity at 3 years of age. In a complementary study designed to eliminate confounding by human lifestyle factors and investigate causal mechanisms, we exposed pregnant mice and cultured adipocytes to NNS (aspartame or sucralose) at doses relevant to human consumption. In mice, maternal NNS exposure caused elevated body weight, adiposity and insulin resistance in offspring, especially in males. Further, in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells, sucralose exposure during early stages of differentiation caused increased lipid accumulation and expression of adipocyte differentiation genes (e.g. C/EBP-α, FABP4, FAS). The same genes were upregulated in the adipose tissue of male mouse offspring born to sucralose-fed dams. Together, these clinical and experimental findings provide evidence suggesting that maternal NNS consumption induces obesity risk in the offspring through effects on adiposity and adipocyte differentiation.One Sentence SummaryMaternal consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners during pregnancy stimulates adipocyte differentiation, insulin resistance, weight gain, and adiposity in mouse and human offspring.
Is shed hair the most effective non-invasive resource for estimating wild pedigrees?
Authors: Khan Anubhab , Patel Kaushal , Bhattacharjee Subhadeep , Sharma Sudarshan , Chugani Anup N , Sivaraman Karthikeyan , Hosawad Vinayak , Sahu Yogesh Kumar , Reddy Goddilla V , Ramakrishnan Uma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWild pedigrees are critical for better understanding mating systems and inbreeding scenarios to inform conservation strategies for endangered species. To delineate pedigrees in wild populations, many identified individuals will have to be genotyped at thousands of loci, mostly from non-invasive samples. This requires us to quantify (a) the most common non-invasive sample available from identified individuals (b) the ability to acquire genome-wide data from such samples, and (c) the quality of such genome-wide data, and its ability to reconstruct relationships between animals within a population. We followed identified individuals from a wild endangered tiger population, and found that shed hair samples were most common compared to fecal samples, carcasses and opportunistic invasive samples. DNA extraction, library preparation and whole genome sequencing resulted in between 126,129 and 512,689 SNPs from across the genome for four such samples. Exploratory population genetic analyses revealed that these data were free of holistic biases, and could recover expected population structure and relatedness. Mitochondrial genomes recovered matrilineages as suggested by long-term monitoring data. Even with these few samples, we were able to uncover the matrilineage for an individual with unknown ancestry. In summary, we demonstrated that non-invasive shed hair samples yielded adequate quality/quantity DNA AND in conjunction with sensitive library preparation methods, provided reliable data from hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the genome. This makes shed hair are an effective resource for studying individual-based genetics of elusive endangered species.
Four chemoreceptors govern bidirectional pH taxis inBacillus subtilis
Authors: Tohidifar Payman , Plutz Matthew J. , Ordal George W. , Rao Christopher V. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWe investigated pH taxis inBacillus subtilis. This bacterium was found to perform bidirectional taxis in response to external pH gradients, enabling it to preferentially migrate to neutral environments. We next investigated the chemoreceptors involved in sensing pH gradients. We found that four chemoreceptors are involved in sensing pH: McpA and TlpA for sensing acidic environments and McpB and TlpB for alkaline ones. In addition, TlpA was found to also weakly sense alkaline environments. By analyzing chimeras between McpA and TlpB, the principal acid and base-sensing chemoreceptors, we identified four critical amino-acid residues – Thr199, Gln200, His273, and Glu274on McpA and Lys199, Glu200, Gln273, and Asp274on TlpB – involved in sensing pH. Swapping these four residues between McpA and TlpB converted the former into a base receptor and the latter into an acid receptor. Based on the results, we propose that disruption of hydrogen bonding between the adjacent residues upon pH changes induces signaling. Collectively, our results further our understanding of chemotaxis inB. subtilisand provide a new model for pH sensing in bacteria.IMPORTANCEMany bacteria can sense the pH in their environment and then use this information to direct their movement towards more favorable locations. In this study, we investigated the pH sensing mechanism inBacillus subtilis. This bacterium preferentially migrates to neutral environments. It employs four chemoreceptors to sense pH. Two are involved in sensing acidic environments and two are involved in sensing alkaline ones. To identify the mechanism for pH sensing, we constructed receptor chimeras of acid and base sensing chemoreceptors. By analyzing the response of these chimeric receptors, we were able to identify four critical amino-acid residues involved in pH sensing and propose a model for the pH sensing mechanism inB. subtilis.