bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalies of the facial nerve: a surgeon’s nightmare
Authors: Thomas James , Ghate Girija , Kumar Ashutosh 
Published: August 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Most of the anomalies of the facial nerve have been encountered during otological surgery or dissection of the temporal bones. ENT surgeons are taught from a nascent stage to always be wary of an anomalous facial nerve during otological surgery. Today’s surgeon is assisted with high definition imaging and nerve monitoring; yet iatrogenic facial palsy still is encountered even today.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted in a select population of patients who reported with aural symptoms with an aim to see the number of facial nerve anomalies one encounters during aural surgery. The filter applied was no patient with congenital anomaly was considered and patients with squamous COM were also excluded. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Almost 4.5% of the patients subjected to surgery had varying kinds of facial nerve anomaly, the most common being dehiscence of the fallopian canal.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Facial nerve anomalies are not so uncommon as one expects it to be. So it is mandatory that every ENT surgeon should be well versed with facial nerve anatomy and be wary of any structural anatomical abnormality, and irrespective of the experience it pays to be extra cautious when operating on the ear because in the event of damage to the facial nerve the patient has to carry the stigma of a facial deformity for his/her life.</p>
Cardápios das escolas públicas municipais de Aracaju, Sergipe
Authors: Fagundes Andhressa , Gabriel Cristine Garcia , Mendonça Izabelle de Andrade 
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se descrever o processo de planejamento dos cardápios da alimentação escolar da rede municipal de ensino de Aracaju, Sergipe e, verificar se os mesmos estão em conformidade com as normativas do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Foi realizado estudo transversal por meio de entrevistas com nutricionistas do PNAE e análise dos cardápios de 2013. Utilizou-se como referência a Resolução n° 26/2013, expedida pelo órgão gestor federal do programa. Os cardápios eram elaborados por nutricionistas, com uma boa oferta de frutas/hortaliças, predominância de alimentos básicos e preparações regionais. Por outro lado, o descumprimento destes foi um dos principais problemas identificados. Foi observada a presença de cardápios padronizados para toda a rede, ausência de cardápios diferenciados para estudantes com necessidades nutricionais específicas, não adequação dos valores nutricionais e insuficiente aquisição de gêneros dos agricultores locais. Observaram-se irregularidades de acordo com o que é preconizado pelo programa. Aponta-se a necessidade de reajustes na composição nutricional e subsídios adequados para efetivar os cardápios planejados.
Synthetic biology in the Science Café: what have we learned about public engagement?
Authors: Navid Erin L. , Einsiedel Edna F. 
Published: August 2018

Engaging the public on emerging science technologies has often presented challenges. People may hold notions that science is too complicated for them to understand and the venues at which science is discussed are formal and perceived as inaccessible. One approach to address these challenges is through the Science Café, or Café Scientifique. We conducted five Science Cafés across Canada to gauge public awareness of synthetic biology technology, its potential applications, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the Science Café platform as a knowledge-translation tool. Café participants were excited about the potential benefits of synthetic biology technology, but also concerned about the potential risks. And while participants trusted scientists to carry out their research, there was limited confidence that regulators would ensure public safety. Science Cafés as a forum for science to meet society were viewed positively for the relaxed atmosphere, small crowd size and informality of the venue. We conclude that Science Cafés are an effective upstream engagement platform for discussing emerging science technologies.
Fear of being irrelevant? Science communication and nanotechnology as an ‘internal’ controversy
Authors: Lorenzet Andrea 
Published: August 2018

How can technoscientific controversies be interpreted in terms of their public communication? This essay explores the case of nanotechnology to describe how one of the most innovative and cutting-edge technoscientific fields has moved from a grey goo scenario of PCTS that described similarities with biotechnology and GMOs, underlining the risks of potential conflicts between science and society, to the idea of an ‘internal’ controversy, that is a debate mainly present in discussions within professional groups. The conclusions suggest how the study of public communication of technoscientific controversies, and in particular of internal controversies such as nanotechnology, has lead to consideration of the idea of moving from a risk frame in public participation initiatives to a more open discussion on daily life, work activities, technological innovation, cultural representations, art and others.
The extent of engagement, the means of invention: measuring debate about mirror neurons in the humanities and social sciences
Authors: Gruber David 
Published: August 2018

Mirror neurons (MN) — or neurons said to be able to "mirror" the sensed environment — have been widely popularized and referenced across many academic fields. Yet, MNs have also been the subject of considerable debate in the neurosciences. Using a criterion based sampling method and a citation analysis, this paper examines the extent of engagement with the neuroscience literature about MNs, looking specifically at the frequency of "MN debate sources" within articles published in the JSTOR and Communication and Mass Media (CMMC) databases. After reporting the results, the paper reviews characteristic examples in context and, ultimately, shows that MN debates remain largely absent from peer-reviewed articles published in JSTOR and CMMC. However, the paper suggests that this happens for good reason and that MNs retain the potential for inventive animations even though debates have gone largely unrecognized.
Science learning via participation in online citizen science
Authors: Masters Karen , Oh Eun Young , Cox Joe , Simmons Brooke , Lintott Chris , Graham Gary , Greenhill Anita , Holmes Kate 
Published: August 2018

We investigate the development of scientific content knowledge of volunteers participating in online citizen science projects in the Zooniverse (http://www.zooniverse.org). We use econometric methods to test how measures of project participation relate to success in a science quiz, controlling for factors known to correlate with scientific knowledge. Citizen scientists believe they are learning about both the content and processes of science through their participation. We don't directly test the latter, but we find evidence to support the former — that more actively engaged participants perform better in a project-specific science knowledge quiz, even after controlling for their general science knowledge. We interpret this as evidence of learning of science content inspired by participation in online citizen science.
Edebiyatta Sembol Dili ve Orhan Kemal’in “İki Buçuk” Adlı Hikâyesinde Sembol Dilinin Kullanımı
Authors: YETER Gaye Belkız 
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışmada edebî metinlere etkili, özgün bir
form kazandıran sembol dilinin kullanım şekillerine ve Orhan Kemal’in “İki
Buçuk” adlı hikâyesindeki sembol diline yer verilecektir. Genellikle kahramanın
psikolojik durumu ve ruhi büyüme sürecine göre şekillenen edebî eserlerin
bilinmeyen, görünmeyen kısımlarını hem gözler önüne sermek hem de tahlil etmek
için çeşitli inceleme yöntemleri mevcuttur. Bunlardan biri olan sembol dilinin
tespiti okura ve araştırmacıya çeşitli bakışaçıları sunar. Çünkü sanatkârların
büyük bir kısmı düşüncelerini sembol, simge, imge ve birtakım göstergelerle
aktarmaktadırlar. Türk edebiyatının önemli yazarlarından biri olan edebiyatın
roman, öykü, tiyatro ve şiir türlerinde birçok eser ortaya koyan Orhan Kemal de
kendisini ve düşüncelerini net ifadelerle anlatmak yerine sembol, simge ve imge
gibi unsurlar yoluyla yansıtmayı tercih etmiştir. Makalemizde Orhan Kemal’in
1969’da Sait Faik Hikâye Armağanıyla ödüllendirilen “Önce Ekmek” adlı
eserindeki “İki Buçuk” adlı hikâyesi sembol dili çerçevesinde incelenecektir.
Orhan Kemal’in “İki Buçuk” adlı hikâyesindeki sembolik yapının işlevini ise
metnin anlaşılmasında psikolojik bir çözümleme yöntemi olarak kabul etmek
mümkündür.&nbsp; Çalışmamıza sembol dili ve
özellikle de insanın duygu, düşünce ve davranış kalıplarını şekillendiren
psikolojik çözümleme yöntemlerinden biri olan arketipsel sembolizm yön
verecektir. Çünkü çoğunlukla metinde anlatılmak istenenler bazı sembollerle
ortaya konur. Genellikle öykünün temelinde sembol, kavram ve imgeler kahramanlar
vasıtasıyla okura aktarılır. Orhan Kemal’in bu hikâyesinden hareketle yazar
kahramanın ve kendisinin bilinç altındaki anlam derinliklerindeki saklı anlam
şifrelerini, hikâye dilinde sembolik anlatımla yansıtmıştır. Kahramanın
simgesel bir yolculuğa çıkması, onun kendini gerçekleştirmesini ve değerler
dünyasını şekillendirmesini sağlar. Böylelikle sembollerin tespiti ve
anlamlandırılması aracılığıyla bilinç altındaki saklı kör noktalara ışık
tutabiliriz.&nbsp;
Türk Şiirinde Gelenekten Moderne Dağ İmgesinin Değişimi: İsmail Safa – Hâlid Örneği
Authors: BULUT Birol 
Published: August 2018

Türk edebiyatının takribî 1850’li yıllardan sonra
değişim sürecine girdiği kabul edilmektedir. Sürecin temelini klasik şiirin
duygu, düşünce ve hayal dünyasının yerine modern olanın ikâme edilmesi
çalışmaları oluşturur. Bu dönüşümün kendi içerisinde sancılı olduğu gerçeği de
karşımızda durmaktadır. Döneme bakıldığı zaman edebî metinlerdeki değişim
dönemin ruhuna uygun olarak gerçeklik ve bunun yanı sıra görsellik üzerinden
kendini ifade eder. Bu aynı zamanda dünya görüşünün ve zihnî yapının da
başkalaşımı anlamını taşımaktadır. Edebiyat-ı cedide olarak karşımıza çıkan bu
atılımın izlerini, klasik edebiyattan kendini ayıran hususları
inceleyebileceğimiz mecralardan biri de imgelerdir.
Söz konusu çalışmada yeni edebiyat cihetinde şiirler yazan İsmail Safa’nın
“Dağlara” başlıklı şiiri ile klasik şiir cenâhında eser veren Hâlid’in, İsmail
Safa’nın zikredilen şiirine yazdığı nazireden yola çıkarak dağ imgesinin her
iki şairdeki kullanımını verip karşılaştırmasını yapmaya çalışacağız.&nbsp;
İran Türk Değişkelerinde başar- Fiilinin Yeterlilik Fiili Olarak Kullanımı Üzerine
Authors: ATICI Abdülkadir 
Published: August 2018

İran’daki sözlü Türkçe değişkelerin yazılı Farsça
değişkesiyle ve diğer yerel sözlü değişkelerle temas hâlinde olduğu
bilinmektedir. Özellikle Farsça ile olan temas, yoğunluk ve derinlik bakımından
diğer yerel sözlü değişkelerden ayrılmaktadır. Azerbaycan, Horasan, Türkmen,
Kaşkay, Sungur, Halaç değişkeleri Günümüz İran’ında bilinen ve üzerinde
çalışmalar yapılan sözlü Türkçe değişkelerdir. Bu değişkeler konuşur sayıları,
coğrafi konumları, dil durumları gibi konularda farklı tipolojik görünümler
sergilemektedir. Kimileri tipolojik özellikleri bakımından ciddi değişmelere
uğrarken (Sungur, Kaşkay, Halaç), kimileri ise, ilk gruba göre daha az ya da
yavaş bir biçimde, yazılı Farsça değişkesinden unsurlar kopyalamaktadır. Bu
bildiride de İran Türk değişkelerine ait metinler taranarak başar-
fiilinin yeterlilik fonksiyonunda kullanılan örnekleri tespit edilecektir.
Farsça توانستن tevānisten “Başarmak; yapabilmek; gücü yetmek; muktedir olmak” yeterlilik
fiilinin sözlü Türkçe değişkelerin hangilerinde kopyalandığı ve kullanım
sıklığı tespit edilerek bir coğrafi işaretleme yapılacaktır. Böylelikle
kopyalamanın sözlü Türkçe değişkelerdeki yayılma alanı ve kullanım sıklığı
görülmüş olacaktır.
Tuva Türkçesinde Başlık Kısaltmalar ve Karmalar
Authors: TOSUN İlker 
Published: August 2018

Her dil, değişen sosyal koşullar nedeniyle yeni
kelimelere ihtiyaç duyar. Her dilin kendine has yeni kelime türetme yolları
vardır. Türk dilinde söz yapımında başlıca şu yollar kullanılmaktadır: türetme,
geri türetme, birleştirme, örnekseme, ödünçleme, tekrar ödünçleme, çocuk dili,
halk etimolojisi, doğrudan kopyalama vb. Kısaltmalar, Türk dilinde diğer
dillere kıyasla yaygın bir kelime türetme yolu değildir. Kısaltmalar, başlık
kısaltma, karma ve kırpma başlıkları altında incelenebilir. Başlık kısaltma
kişi, kurum ve diğer kavramları oluşturan isimlerin ilk harflerinden
oluşturulur: NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). İki ayrı sözcüğün
kısaltılarak tek bir kavramda ifade edilmesine karma adı verilir: Eurovision
(European Televison). Kırpma ise bir sözcüğün bir parçasının atılması yolu ile
yeni sözcük türetmektir: demo (demonstration). Tuva Türkçesi Türkiye Türkçesine
göre genç bir yazı dili olarak kabul edilebilir. Tuvalar 20. yüzyılın başından
beri Rus hâkimiyeti altında yaşamaktadır. Sovyetler Birliği döneminde Tuva
Türkçesine komünizm ile ilgili pek çok kısaltmalar girmiştir. Biz bu bildiride
Tuva Türkçesinde yer alan bazı kısaltmalar inceleyeceğiz.&nbsp;
Estudio bibliométrico: 45 años de literatura biomédica en trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas
Authors: Rios-Moreno Jenifer Vanessa , Bueno-Flórez Silvia Juliana , Conde-Hurtado Diana Isabel , Tarazona Nick , Sossa-Melo Claudia Lucía 
Published: August 2018

Introducción: La bibliometría mide variables de la literatura científica que se describen de forma cuantitativa por medio de análisis estadístico; con esta herramienta se busca evidenciar el impacto de los trasplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas en la literatura de los últimos 45 años. Objetivo: Descripción de la literatura médica indexada en MEDLINE desde 1970 hasta 2015 sobre trasplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos MEDLINE a través de GoPubMed y Fabumed. La estrategia de búsqueda fue: "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"[Majr] AND "1970:2015"[dp]. Las variables analizadas fueron el número de publicaciones por año, revistas, países y porcentaje de publicaciones sobre trasplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas. Resultados: Se recuperaron 23,295 referencias sobre trasplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas. Se identificaron 1,844 revistas diferentes, el mayor número de publicaciones se encontró en Bone Marrow Transplantation con 2,443 publicaciones, seguida de Blood con 1,375 y Biology of Bone Marrow Transplantation con 1,319 referencias. Estados Unidos fue el país con mayor número de publicaciones con 7,491 (32.15%); en Latinoamérica fueron publicados 324 (1.39%). Los descriptores de la literatura más investigados relacionados con el tema fueron: Trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas con 23,345 publicaciones, humanos con 22,019 y células madre con 17,564. Conclusiones: Las publicaciones sobre trasplantes de células madre hematopoyéticas han incrementado de forma progresiva durante los 45 años estudiados. Los países desarrollados son los que han realizado mayor investigación del tema, en contraste con el número de publicaciones en total. [Rios-Moreno JV, Bueno-Florez SJ, Conde-Hurtado DI, Tarazona N, Sossa-Melo Claudia Lucía. Estudio bibliométrico: 45 años de literatura biomédica en trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 319-326].
Pain-free and pain-controlled survival after sectioning the nervus intermedius in nervus intermedius neuralgia: a single-institution review
Authors: Holste Katherine G. , Hardaway Frances A. , Raslan Ahmed M. , Burchiel Kim J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVENervus intermedius neuralgia (NIN) or geniculate neuralgia is a rare facial pain condition consisting of sharp, lancinating pain deep in the ear and can occur alongside trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Studies on the clinical presentation, intraoperative findings, and ultimately postoperative outcomes are extremely limited. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentation and surgical findings, and determine pain-free survival after sectioning of the nervus intermedius (NI).METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective chart review and survey of patients who were diagnosed with NIN at one institution and who underwent neurosurgical interventions. Pain-free survival was determined through chart review and phone interviews using a modified facial pain and quality of life questionnaire and represented as Kaplan-Meier curves.RESULTSThe authors found 15 patients with NIN who underwent microsurgical intervention performed by two surgeons from 2002 to 2016 at a single institution. Fourteen of these patients underwent sectioning of the NI, and 8 of 14 had concomitant TN. Five patients had visible neurovascular compression (NVC) of the NI by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in most cases where NVC was found. The most common postoperative complaints were dizziness and vertigo, diplopia, ear fullness, tinnitus, and temporary facial nerve palsy. Thirteen of the 14 patients reportedly experienced pain relief immediately after surgery. The mean length of follow-up was 6.41 years (range 8 months to 14.5 years). Overall recurrence of any pain was 42% (6 of 14), and 4 patients (isolated NIN that received NI sectioning alone) reported their pain was the same or worse than before surgery at longest follow-up. The median pain-free survival was 4.82 years ± 14.85 months. The median pain-controlled survival was 6.22 years ± 15.78 months.CONCLUSIONSIn this retrospective review, sectioning of the NI produced no major complications, such as permanent facial weakness or deafness, and was effective for patients when performed in addition to other procedures. After sectioning of the NI, patients experienced 4.8 years pain free and experienced 6.2 years of less pain than before surgery. Alone, sectioning of the NI was not effective. The pathophysiology of NIN is not entirely understood. It appears that neurovascular compression plays only a minor role in the syndrome and there is a high degree of overlap with TN.
Conflict of interest policies and disclosure requirements in neurosurgical journals
Authors: de Lotbiniere-Bassett Madeleine P. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , McDonald Patrick J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEAn increasing amount of funding in neurosurgery research comes from industry, which may create a conflict of interest (COI) and the potential to bias results. The reporting and handling of COIs have become difficult, particularly as explicit policies themselves and definitions thereof continue to vary between medical journals. In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the prevalence and comprehensiveness of COI policies among leading neurosurgical journals.METHODSThe authors conducted a cross-sectional study of publicly available online disclosure policies in the 20 highest-ranking neurosurgical journals, as determined by Google Scholar Metrics, in July 2016.RESULTSOverall, 89.5% of the highest-impact neurosurgical journals included COI policy statements. Ten (53%) journals requested declaration of nonfinancial conflicts, while 2 journals specifically set a time period for COIs. Sixteen journals required declaration from the corresponding author, 13 from all authors, 6 from reviewers, and 5 from editors. Four journals were included in the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) list of publications that follow the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (currently known as Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals). Five journal policies included COI declaration verification, management, or enforcement. The neurosurgery journals with more comprehensive COI policies were significantly more likely to have higher h5-indices (p = 0.003) and higher impact factors (p = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSIn 2016, the majority of, but not all, high-impact neurosurgical journals had publically available COI disclosure policies. Policy inclusiveness and comprehensiveness varied substantially across neurosurgical journals, but COI comprehensiveness was associated with other established markers of individual journals’ favorability and influence, such as impact factor and h5-index.
PSIKOLOGI KEPRIBADIAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN DI MADRASAH
Authors: Anas Rohman Nella Khoirina 
Published: August 2018

AbstrakMadrasah sebagai tempat pembelajaran dan pendidikan peserta didik dalam mendapatkan ilmu pengetahuan, tingkah laku dan kepribadian yang baik sehingga tanpa disertai dengan pemahaman yang baik tentang perilaku manusia atau tepatnya kepribadian, akan sulit menjalin interaksi dan sosialisasi guna mencapai pendidikan yang optimal kepada peserta didik. Untuk itu Guru ditugaskan untuk membentuk dan mengembangkan kepribadian anak didiknya, seperti watak dan sifat anak didiknya serta Guru juga harus memahami keberadaan setiap individu atau peserta didik sebagai wujud yang utuh, menangani setiap permasalahan yang muncul dari diri peserta didik dalam peroses belajar melalui pendekatan psikologi. Psikologi kepribadian merupakan tentang kekuatan psikologi yang membuat setiap individu unik dimana alasan seseorang bertingkah laku dipengaruhi oleh faktor pembawaan dan lingkungan yang selalu berkembang dan berubah melibatkan kerja tubuh dan jiwa yang mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan sehingga psikologi kepribadian dalam pendidikan di madrasah memberikan kontribusi dalam proses pendidikan.Kata kunci: Psikologi Kepribadian, Pendidikan dan Madrasah Abstract Madrasah as a place for learning and educate the learners in getting knowledge, behavior and good personality so without accompanied by a good understanding of human behavior or precisely personality, it will be difficult to establish interaction and socialization in order to achieve optimal education to learners. For that teacher is assigned to form and develop the personality of their students, such as character and nature of their students and teachers also must understand the existence of each individual or learners as a whole, addressing every problem that arises from the learners themselves in learning through psychological approach. Personality psychology is about the power of psychology that makes each individual unique where the reason someone behaves influenced by innate and changing factors of the environment and involves work of body and soul that is able to adapt to the environment so that the psychology of personality in education in the madrasah contributes in the process of education. Keywords: Psychology of personality, education and Madrasah