bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prototype Intraoral Periapical Sensor with High Frame Rates for a 2.5D Periapical Radiography System
Authors: Liao Che-Wei , Huang Ker-Jer , Chen Jyh-Cheng , Kuo Chih-Wei , Wu Yin-Yi , Hsu Jui-Ting 
Published: April 2019

X-ray radiography is currently used in dentistry and can be divided into two categories: two-dimensional (2D) radiographic images (e.g., using periapical film, cephalometric film, and panoramic X-ray) and three-dimensional (3D) radiographic images (e.g., using dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)). Among them, 2D periapical film images are most commonly used. However, 2D periapical film compresses 3D image information into a 2D image, which means that depth cannot be identified from the image. Such compressed images lose a considerable amount of information, reducing their clinical applicability. A 2.5D periapical radiography system prototype was developed by our research team. Our previous study indicated that this prototype could be used to capture images at different depths of an object. However, the prototype was limited by its commercially available intraoral periapical sensor, which had a low temporal resolution and could not capture multiple images in a short period of time. Therefore, the total time required for image capture was too long for practical clinical application. The present study developed a high-frame-rate intraoral periapical sensor with a sensor imaging speed of up to 15 Hz. The primary components of the developed intraoral periapical sensor include a scintillator, complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip, component circuit board, and video processing board. The external dimensions of the sensor are 41×26×6.6 mm3. The performance of the developed high-frame-rate intraoral periapical sensor was verified through qualified and quantified analyses using line pairs. The results showed that the resolution of the developed intraoral periapical sensor could reach 18 lp/mm. The sensor was further installed in our 2.5D periapical radiography system to conduct image capturing. The results indicated that the developed sensor could be used for high-frame-rate imaging to incorporate tomosynthesis to obtain reconstructed slice images of different depths. The developed sensor has the potential for clinical dentistry applications in the future.
TTPAL Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis by Stabilizing TRIP6 to Activate Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Gou Hongyan , Liang Jessie Qiaoyi , Zhang Lijing , Chen Huarong , Zhang Yanquan , Li Rui , Wang Xiaohong , Ji Jiafu , Tong Joanna H. , To Ka-Fai , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Chan Francis K.L. , Fang Jing-Yuan , Yu Jun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Copy number alterations are crucial for the development of colorectal cancer. Our whole-genome analysis identified tocopherol alpha transfer protein-like (TTPAL) as preferentially amplified in colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrate that frequent copy number gain of TTPAL leads to gene overexpression in colorectal cancer from a Chinese cohort (n = 102), which was further validated by a The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 376). High expression of TTPAL was significantly associated with shortened survival in patients with colorectal cancer. TTPAL promoted cell viability and clonogenicity, accelerated cell-cycle progression, inhibited cell apoptosis, increased cell migration/invasion ability in vitro, and promoted tumorigenicity and cancer metastasis in vivo. TTPAL significantly activated Wnt signaling and increased β-catenin activation and protein expression of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified thyroid receptor–interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) as a direct downstream effector of TTPAL. Depletion of TRIP6 significantly abolished the effects of TTPAL on cell proliferation and Wnt activation. Direct binding of TTPAL with TRIP6 in the cytoplasm inhibited ubiquitin-mediated degradation of TRIP6 and, subsequently, increased levels of TRIP6 displaced β-catenin from the tumor suppressor MAGI1 via competitive binding. This sequence of events allows β-catenin to enter the nucleus and promotes oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, TTPAL is commonly overexpressed in colorectal cancer due to copy number gain, which promotes colorectal tumorigenesis by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via stabilization of TRIP6. TTPAL overexpression may serve as an independent new biomarker for the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Significance:
TTPAL, a gene preferentially amplified in colorectal cancer, promotes colon tumorigenesis via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Child-friendly school environment to ensure children’s welfare
Authors: Ambarsari Luthfiana , Harun Harun 
Published: April 2019

The violence that occurs in the school is one of the problems that is still going on. The school and other stakeholders need to make efforts to minimize the occurrence of violence. So that, the children can study safely and comfortably in school. This research aimed to describe a child-friendly school environment in elementary school. The research procedure used qualitative phenomenological approach. The data collection technique was done by using observation method, interview, and documentation. With a child-friendly school environment, students will feel safe, comfortable, and prosperous. Based on this study results concluded that to create a child-friendly school environment is to create a harmonious social environment of the school, which is a good relationship between the school community, parents of students as well as with other stakeholders. Then, it needs to pay attention to the physical environment of the school, which is related to the condition of school buildings, as well as school infrastructure that supports child-friendly school environment should be secured and can fulfill the students needs
A simple switching on-time calculation revision in multilevel inverter-space vector modulation to achieving extended voltage boundary operation
Authors: C. Bharatiraja , Pongiannan R.K. , Yusuff Adedayo , Tariq Mohd , Maddileti Telugu , Tharwinkumar Tharwinkumar 
Published: April 2019

In inverters’ pulse width modulation techniques (PWM) the Space Vector PWM (SVPWM) is a smart contestant due to its direct control in nature with variables which provide the straight forward finds to each inverter switching vector. The industrial drives are acquainting to use SVPWM owing extended speed –torque region operations. However, the extended SVPWM operation is uses much mathematical calculation to predict the switching on-times, which demands high digital platform. In order to reduce this calculation in this paper a simple on-time calculation based SVPWM is proposed. The proposed SVPWM is developed for three-level multilevel inverter and the space perspective of vector analysis are established and explained. The over modulation enhances the proper power utilization capacity of voltage source inverter thereby improve the inverter output voltage and load. This proposed method tailed the similar mathematical practice as conventional two-level SVPWM for calculating sector identification and triangle determination. The approach finds the circular and hexagonal boundary on-time based on the straightforward reference vector position identification and calculates directly the switching pulse patterns for the inverter devices using an expression based on the definition of the duty cycle. The performance of the proposed SVM is simulated by MATLAB 11.b simulation software and validated with laboratory setup 2 kW, 12 switch neutral point clamped (NPC)-MLI fed 1.5 HP squirrel cage 3-phase induction motor open loop v/f control drive. The simulation and experimental results are closure and confirming the advantages of the proposed SVM method. The proposed scheme can be extended to n-level inverter and also applicable to cascaded H-bridge topology.
Validação do instrumento "Acompanhamento Psicanalítico de Crianças em Escolas, Grupos e Instituições" (APEGI)
Authors: Kupfer Maria Cristina Machado , Bernardino Leda Mariza Fischer , Pesaro Maria Eugênia 
Published: April 2019

No presente artigo, apresentam-se os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa para a validação do instrumento APEGI – Acompanhamento Psicanalítico de Crianças em Escolas, Grupos e Instituições. Construído com base na teoria psicanalítica, o APEGI busca proceder a uma leitura psicanalítica do processo de constituição subjetiva articulado ao desenvolvimento da criança, considerando ainda a relação da criança com seus pares a partir da noção de função do semelhante. O APEGI foi aplicado a uma amostra de 60 crianças entre 4 e 6 anos de idade. Os primeiros resultados mostram um bom índice de precisão ou confiabilidade do instrumento, além de apontarem que o instrumento vai em direção ao esperado para sua validação.
Le sport à l’époque romaine.
Authors: Rolland Yves Philippe 
Published: April 2019

Les clichés relatifs à l’Antiquité ont d‘une part tendance à opposer l’austère paysan-soldat romain au bel athlète grec, et d’autre part à présenter le Romain comme un spectateur, et non pas pratiquant d’une activité sportive. En s’appuyant sur les sources littéraires, iconographiques, archéologiques, et par le biais d’une synthèse bibliographique, ce travail a pour but de présenter un aperçu des activités dites « sportives » à l’époque romaine, vérifier si leurs origines sont véritablement grecques et voir la manière dont le « sport » était pratiqué dans l’empire société.
Cardiac Troponin T and Troponin I in the General Population
Authors: Welsh Paul , Preiss David , Hayward Caroline , Shah Anoop S.V. , McAllister David , Briggs Andrew , Boachie Charles , McConnachie Alex , Padmanabhan Sandosh , Welsh Claire , Woodward Mark , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Mills Nicholas L. , Sattar Naveed 
Published: April 2019

Background:
There is great interest in widening the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins for population cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure screening. However, it is not clear whether cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) are equivalent measures of risk in this setting. We aimed to compare and contrast (1) the association of cTnT and cTnI with CVD and non-CVD outcomes, and (2) their determinants in a genome-wide association study.

Methods:
High-sensitivity cTnT and cTnI were measured in serum from 19 501 individuals in Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study. Median follow-up was 7.8 years (quartile 1 to quartile 3, 7.1–9.2). Associations of each troponin with a composite CVD outcome (1177 events), CVD death (n=266), non-CVD death (n=374), and heart failure (n=216) were determined by using Cox models. A genome-wide association study was conducted using a standard approach developed for the cohort.

Results:
Both cTnI and cTnT were strongly associated with CVD risk in unadjusted models. After adjusting for classical risk factors, the hazard ratio for a 1 SD increase in log transformed troponin was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.17–1.32) and 1.11 (1.04–1.19) for cTnI and cTnT, respectively; ratio of hazard ratios 1.12 (1.04–1.21). cTnI, but not cTnT, was associated with myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease. Both cTnI and cTnT had strong associations with CVD death and heart failure. By contrast, cTnT, but not cTnI, was associated with non-CVD death; ratio of hazard ratios 0.77 (0.67–0.88). We identified 5 loci (53 individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms) that had genome-wide significant associations with cTnI, and a different set of 4 loci (4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) for cTnT.

Conclusions:
The upstream genetic causes of low-grade elevations in cTnI and cTnT appear distinct, and their associations with outcomes also differ. Elevations in cTnI are more strongly associated with some CVD outcomes, whereas cTnT is more strongly associated with the risk of non-CVD death. These findings help inform the selection of an optimal troponin assay for future clinical care and research in this setting.
A Survey for Weather Communicators: Twitter and Information Channel Preferences
Authors: Eachus Joshua D. , Keim Barry D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt has been almost a decade since researchers assessed user preferences in gathering weather information. Maturing channels and increasingly mobile audiences necessitate the need for understanding what channels people use for weather information, what information people want, and how they react to specific content—especially potentially life-saving warnings. Furthermore, geographically compartmentalizing this information will allow communication strategies to be tailored to a more localized audience. As an initiative to this effort, a survey of digitally connected Louisianians found different channel preferences than were found in previous studies. Beyond this study, future research should seek to identify regional preferences since the last broad study on this topic nearly 10 years ago. In the survey, information preferences are collected with Twitter as the focal point, but other channels are included as choices to assess overall user preference. As older channels such as television decline in preference, mobile telephone applications are disrupting previous literature by quickly gaining popularity while studies on their utility remain in short supply. Results show that user channel preferences do not necessarily align with those that best serve weather communication efforts. Facebook, a channel notoriously problematic from a chronology standpoint, is favored by many respondents. On Twitter, there is a disconnect in the type of information respondents report wanting and what type of information generates a response. Interest in warning messages was not coincident with the threat posed by that specific type of weather. The format—wording and construction—of warning messages that generated the most response on Twitter does not align with extensive literature on proper risk communication.
Correlation Between Hemorheologic Parameters and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Stroke
Authors: Mercuri Michele , Orecchini Giuliana , Susta Adelaide , Tazza Domenico , Ciuffetti Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

An evaluation of the hemorheologic parameters and an ultrasonographic study of the extracranial carotid tract were performed on 48 patients, age range: sixty to seventy-five years, affected by acute stroke, 23 of whom had hypertension, while 27 were smokers. None of them was suffering from hyperli pidemia, diabetes mellitus, or symptomatic coronary heart or peripheral artery disease. The echotomographic analysis, using B-mode real-time echotomography re vealed atherosclerotic lesions in 26 patients. The hemorheologic pattern (hema tocrit, fibrinogen, whole blood filterability, whole blood and plasma viscosity) was determined in all the patients three months after the clinical event. Statistical analysis of the results indicates a possible link between athero sclerotic lesions of the extracranial carotid tract and age, fibrinogen levels, and whole blood filterability.
Sinonasal Disease in Total Laryngectomy Patients
Authors: Patel Vijay A. , Pool Christopher D. , Dunklebarger Mitchell , Schaefer Eric , Goyal Neerav 
Published: April 2019

Objective: Total laryngectomy (TL) results in complete abolition of nasal airflow, with notable pathologic alterations of the intranasal mucosa, mucociliary clearance, and nasal cycle. Despite these observed morphological changes, it remains unclear whether this subpopulation of patients experiences clinically significant sinonasal disease. The goal of this study was to identify rhinosinusitis in TL patients using radiographic imaging. Methods: An Institutional Review Board–approved retrospective review (January 2005-July 2017) identified 50 patients who underwent radiographic imaging before and after TL. The Lund-Mackay Staging System (LM) was applied to 197 surveillance computed tomography scans. Surveyed patients also underwent investigation of current sinonasal symptomatology using the SNOT-22 questionnaire. Simple linear regression was modeled to LM scores; tests of statistical significance were estimated via the method of Kenward and Roger. Results: The mean age was 62.4 years, with a 5:1 male-to-female ratio. The mean SNOT-22 score was 27.4 (range, 5-33). A median of 3 scans was obtained, 49% within 12 months after TL. The mean (± standard deviation) postoperative LM score was 2.7 ± 3.97 points (range, 0-19). For every 1 month after TL, postoperative LM was +0.01 point ( P = .49). Conversely, for every +1 point in preoperative LM, postoperative LM was +1.08 points ( P < .001). Two patients required functional endoscopic sinus surgery after TL for persistent sinonasal disease. Conclusions: Preoperative sinonasal disease burden likely plays an important role in the development of clinically significant rhinosinusitis in TL patients. Correlating radiographic findings to validated outcome measures remains a critical aspect of determining optimal surgical candidates; this arena is still under investigation in this unique patient cohort.
The influence of native English-speaking environment on Akan-English bilinguals’ production of English inter-dental fricatives
Authors: Kpogo Felix , Gathercole Virginia C Mueller 
Published: April 2019

Aims and Objectives: This study examined how age of acquisition, immersion in a native English-speaking environment, and phonological environment influence Akan-English bilinguals’ production of English inter-dental fricatives. Design/Methodology: Forty-five Akan-English bilinguals who immigrated to the USA between the ages of 10 and 64 participated. English inter-dental fricatives occurring in word-initial, intervocalic, and word-final positions were elicited through a production task using sentence frames. Accuracy of production was analyzed relative to age of acquisition, relative length of immersion, and phonological environment. Findings/Conclusion: Performance was better overall on the voiceless than the voiced inter-dental, but the phonological environment mattered: performance was at ceiling for both in the medial position, but less good in the initial and final positions. Early age of acquisition conspired with length of residence in the USA to foster better production for both sounds. However, substitutions for target segments were still observed in the most fluent speakers. These results indicate that in determining speakers’ proficiency in the second language, we must consider all of these factors—phonological environment, age of acquisition, and length of stay—together to gain a comprehensive picture of development. Originality: Few studies have examined Ghanaian speakers’ English, even though English is the official language of Ghana. Further, previous studies on second-language speakers’ abilities with inter-dental fricatives have largely focused on word-initial environments. The present study reveals that distinct phonological environments may not show the same effect. Here, speakers were particularly accurate in intervocalic positions. Significance: This study contributes to theoretical debates concerning the roles of input and age of acquisition for second-language learning. It also provides insights on some of the possible hurdles that second-language learners face as they strive to acquire additional languages, which can assist second-language teachers in designing appropriate methodologies to help learners.
Tracheostomy Care Education for the Nonsurgical First Responder: A Needs‐Based Assessment and Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Mehta Kinneri , Schwartz Marissa , Falcone Todd E. , Kavanagh Katherine R. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo perform a needs‐based assessment for tracheostomy care education for nonsurgical first responders in the hospital setting and to implement and assess the efficacy of a targeted tracheostomy educational program.MethodsA prospective observational study conducted between October 2017 and May 2018 including emergency medicine (EM) residents, internal medicine (IM) residents, and intensive care unit (ICU) advanced practice providers at 2 tertiary hospitals. Needs‐based assessments were conducted, leading to specialty specific curricula. One‐hour educational sessions included didactics and case‐based simulation. A pre‐ and posttest objective knowledge quiz and self‐assessment were administered, and a posttest was repeated at 6 months.ResultsThere were 85 participants (13 ICU, 40 EM, 32 IM). Significant improvement (P <. 05) in mean objective knowledge score was seen across all groups between pre‐ and postintervention assessments with relative but not significant improvement at 6 months. There were significant increases in comfort level from pre‐ to postintervention. At 6‐month follow‐up, comfort level remained significantly increased for the majority of questions for the EM group and for select questions for IM and ICU advanced practice provider groups.DiscussionNonsurgeons are often first responders to critical airway situations yet receive limited formal education regarding tracheostomy. We demonstrated improvement in knowledge and comfort after a targeted educational module for tracheostomy care and management.Implications for PracticeAlthough tracheostomy care is multidisciplinary, specialty‐specific education may provide a more relevant foundation on which to build skills. Prompt and effective management of tracheostomy emergencies by first responders may improve patient safety and reduce mortality.
Plant responses to fire in a Mexican arid shrubland
Authors: Rodríguez-Trejo Dante Arturo , Pausas Juli G. , Miranda-Moreno Andrés Gelacio 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Fire responses of species in arid environments have only been scarcely studied. We studied four species (Dasyliron lucidum Zucc., Juniperus deppeana Steud., Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto, and Agave potatorum Zucc.) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. The objectives were to describe and quantify survival and resprouting, as well as the factors determining them, for the selected species. Six months after a 330 ha wildfire in 2014, 32 plots were established on three transects. Forest dasometric and fire severity variables were recorded. Logistic regression was utilized to obtain mortality and resprouting probability models, as well as linear regression to detect relationships among post- and pre-fire variables.

Results
All species had high survival rates (74.5 to 97.7%). All surviving D. lucidum individuals resprouted apically. For J. deppeana, the probability of mortality was directly related to fire scar height on the trunk and inversely related to its diameter, whereas the probability of crown recovery was inversely related to the proportion of the tree height scorch. For E. platyacanthus, necrosed height was directly related to plant height. There was a positive relationship between basal area and the emission of new leaves for the A. potatorum.

Conclusions
In the different species, several traits that allowed high fire survival rates were observed (e.g., thick cortex or bark, fleshy non-flammable leaves, flammable leaves that reduce fire intensity, high volume to surface ratio). Many of these were primarily linked to drought resistance. All species gain fire resistance or tolerance as they increase in size. We concluded that the studied arid ecosystem of Mexico can withstand an altered or a base fire regime.