bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel behavioural characteristics of the superoxide dismutase 1 G93A (SOD1G93A) mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include sex‐dependent phenotypes
Authors: Kreilaus Fabian , Guerra Stefan , Masanetz Rebecca , Menne Victoria , Yerbury Justin , Karl Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves the rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons leading to weakening and paralysis of voluntary movements. Mutations in copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are a known genetic cause of ALS, and the SOD1
G93A mouse has been used extensively to investigate molecular mechanisms in ALS. In recent years, evidence suggests that ALS and frontotemporal dementia form a spectrum disorder ranging from motor to cognitive dysfunctions. Thus, we tested male and female SOD1
G93A mice for the first time before the onset of debilitating motor impairments in behavioural domains relevant to both ALS and frontotemporal dementia. SOD1
G93A males displayed reduced locomotion, exploration and increased anxiety‐like behaviours compared with control males. Intermediate‐term spatial memory was impaired in SOD1
G93A females, whereas long‐term spatial memory deficits as well as lower acoustic startle response, and prepulse inhibition were identified in SOD1
G93A mice of both sexes compared with respective controls. Interestingly, SOD1
G93A males exhibited an increased conditioned cue freezing response. Nosing behaviours were also elevated in both male and female SOD1
G93A when assessed in social paradigms. In conclusion, SOD1
G93A mice exhibit a variety of sex‐specific behavioural deficits beyond motor impairments supporting the notion of an ALS‐frontotemporal spectrum disorder. Thus, SOD1
G93A mice may represent a useful model to test the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on clinical symptoms in addition to declining motor abilities.
Methane emissions from contrasting urban freshwaters: Rates, drivers, and a whole‐city footprint
Authors: Herrero Ortega Sonia , Romero González‐Quijano Clara , Casper Peter , Singer Gabriel A. , Gessner Mark O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlobal urbanization trends impose major alterations on surface waters. This includes impacts on ecosystem functioning that can involve feedbacks on climate through changes in rates of greenhouse gas emissions. The combination of high nutrient supply and shallow depth typical of urban freshwaters is particularly conducive to high rates of methane (CH4) production and emission, suggesting a potentially important role in the global CH4 cycle. However, there is a lack of comprehensive flux data from diverse urban water bodies, of information on the underlying drivers, and of estimates for whole cities. Based on measurements over four seasons in a total of 32 water bodies in the city of Berlin, Germany, we calculate the total CH4 emission from various types of surface waters of a large city in temperate climate at 2.6 ± 1.7 Gg CH4/year. The average total emission was 219 ± 490 mg CH4 m−2 day−1. Water chemical variables were surprisingly poor predictors of total CH4 emissions, and proxies of productivity and oxygen conditions had low explanatory power as well, suggesting a complex combination of factors governing CH4 fluxes from urban surface waters. However, small water bodies (area <1 ha) typically located in urban green spaces were identified as emission hotspots. These results help constrain assessments of CH4 emissions from freshwaters in the world's growing cities, facilitating extrapolation of urban emissions to large areas, including at the global scale.
Degrowth and postcapitalism: Transformative geographies beyond accumulation and growth
Authors: Schmid Benedikt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the light of social and environmental unsustainability and injustice, scholars from geography and neighboring disciplines question incumbent socioeconomic trajectories. Empirical evidence renders the continuing attachment to a growth‐based economy and its reconcilability with ecological limits increasingly implausible. Instead, a lively transdisciplinary debate explores alternative forms of organization beyond (economic) growth and (capital) accumulation, evolving around concepts such as degrowth and postcapitalism. These approaches propose a reflective recalibration of economic, political, and social institutions to support a temporally and spatially equitable, sustainable, and dignified survival of the human and of nonhuman species. Scholarship on transformation, however, is challenged to formulate how change beyond growth‐dependent and “capitalist” modes of social organization might unfold. It is trapped between the double utopia of the current situation: While it is clearly an illusion that society can continue along the present trajectory, fundamental change beyond capitalism seems equally implausible. Based on an extensive review of current literature, this paper looks at the largely independent debates on degrowth and postcapitalism and puts both strands of scholarship in conversation with each other. In doing so, it identifies difficulties of both literatures to formulate scenarios how a transformation beyond accumulation and growth might unfold. Turning to geographical thinking on scale and site as discussed in human geography of late, then, the paper traces hitherto unearthed potential in these spatial concepts for research on sustainability‐oriented transformation. It closes with further thoughts on a transformative geographies research agenda.
The effects of China’s growth slowdown on its provinces: Disentangling the sources
Authors: Chen Anping , Groenewold Nicolaas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince 2007, China's growth has fallen from around 10% to about 6%–7% per annum. This paper investigates the experience of this slowdown at the provincial level. We use a vector‐autoregressive modelling approach and annual data from 1978 to decompose each province's growth into various factors. We find that (a) all provinces experienced the slowdown; (b) there is considerable variation in this experience across provinces; (c) national factors dominate the provincial slowdown while province‐specific factors explain most of the interprovincial variation; (d) when the national factor is separated into supply and demand components, the supply component dominates.
Joint comorbidities among Swedish carriers of haemophilia: A register‐based cohort study over 22 years
Authors: Osooli Mehdi , Donfield Sharyne M. , Carlsson Katarina Steen , Baghaei Fariba , Holmström Margareta , Berntorp Erik , Astermark Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA significant fraction of women with an impaired factor VIII or IX gene in the X chromosome, carriers of haemophilia, will have clotting factor activities corresponding to those seen in males with non‐severe haemophilia, hence, experience an increased bleeding tendency. Data describing the long‐term joint outcomes among carriers are limited. We compared the age at onset, frequency of joint‐related diagnoses as well as joint surgery and related hospitalizations among carriers of haemophilia with sex‐ and birthdate‐matched controls from the general population.MethodsCarriers of haemophilia born 1941‐2008 were identified through the haemophilia treatment centres' (HTCs) databases and the National Patient Register of Sweden. For each carrier, we included up to five individuals using the Swedish population register as comparisons. Data for the period 1987‐2008 were obtained.ResultsAmong 539 potential carriers identified, 213 had a known factor activity. Carriers with reduced factor activity and those with unknown factor activity had received their first joint‐related diagnosis at a significantly earlier age than their comparisons. The same subgroups showed an overall 2.3‐ and 2.4‐fold higher hazard for joint‐related diagnoses compared with the general population. In addition, the hazards of joint‐related outpatient hospitalization were 3.2‐fold (95% CI: 1.2, 9.1) and 2.5‐fold (95% CI: 1.6, 3.7). This was not observed for those with normal factor activity.ConclusionCarriers of haemophilia suffer a significant risk for joint comorbidities. This risk seems to correlate to the factor activity. Our findings underline the importance of regular clinical follow‐up of carriers at HTCs.
Understanding practitioner perspectives of youth healthcare using thematic and lexical analyses
Authors: Dadich Ann , Jarrett Carmen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundYouth health issues represent a “wicked problem” – they are complex and multifaceted. Furthermore, they are likely to require novel approaches to understand their complexity and develop novel solutions.ObjectiveGiven the importance of youth healthcare, and the need for novel approaches, the aim of this article was to demonstrate the innovative use of two research methods – thematic and lexical analyses – to better understand practitioner perspectives of youth healthcare. It clarifies the factors that shape practitioner ability to support young people and opportunities to improve practice.Design and SettingFocus groups and interviews were conducted with 37 youth health practitioners. They represented government and non‐government services; hospital and community services; and metropolitan and regional services.ResultsThematic analysis highlighted the complexity of participants' work and the judgements made as they negotiated relationships with young people and ancillary services. Lexical analysis revealed two hitherto neglected dimensions of the complexity of youth healthcare – uncertainty and corporeality.DiscussionIn addition to affirming the complexities of youth healthcare, this study revealed how practitioners (can) negotiate these complexities. These findings were only possible because of the innovative use of the two research methods.ConclusionsThis study has important theoretical, methodological and practical implications. Theoretically, it is the first to view the complexities of youth healthcare through the wicked problem lens. Methodologically, it highlights the complementary value of thematic and lexical analyses. Practically, it reinforces the importance of policy support and professional development to enable practitioners to grasp the complexities of their work.
Role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in the trigeminal ganglion and brain stem following dental pulp inflammation
Authors: Cha M. , Sallem I. , Jang H. W. , Jung I. Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo verify whether experimentally induced pulpitis activates the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and c‐Fos, both peripherally and centrally.MethodologyAcute pulpitis was induced in Sprague‐Dawley rats via pulp exposure and application of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA; n = 13). Saline‐treated (n = 13) rats and rats that did not undergo tooth preparation (n = 13) served as control groups. Three days post‐CFA or post‐saline application, face grooming activity was recorded, and the rats were then euthanized to allow for immunohistochemical analysis of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and spinal trigeminal nucleus. anova with Student's t‐test for post‐hoc analysis was used to quantify the differences in behavioural tests and immunohistochemical labelling (c‐Fos and TRPV1) in TG amongst groups. Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunnett's test for post‐hoc analysis was used to compare immunohistochemical labelling (c‐Fos and TRPV1) in the brainstem amongst groups.ResultsHistological evidence of severe pulp inflammation was found, and there was a significant increase in pain‐like behaviour (P < 0.05) in CFA‐treated animals. C‐Fos labelling and TRPV1 immunoreactivity in the TG were significantly higher (both P < 0.05) in the CFA group than in the control groups. In the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the immunoreactivity for c‐Fos was absent in the intermediate region (trigeminal subnucleus interpolaris) in all animals, with comparable expression of TRPV1 amongst all groups. In contrast, neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (TSC) exhibited significant c‐Fos immunoreactivity in the CFA group (P = 0.0063). The expression of TRPV1 did not differ amongst the three groups, but the superficial laminae of the TSC exhibited significantly greater expression of TRPV1 than did the deep layers (P = 0.0014).ConclusionsFollowing acute pulp inflammation, the TRPV1 channel was significantly involved in nociceptive signal processing in the peripheral nervous system, but not in the CNS. Because pulpitis induced some neuronal activation at the brainstem levels, further studies are needed to identify additional transducers that mediate signal transmission from pulpal afferents to their central targets.
LncRNA MEG3 inhibits rheumatoid arthritis through miR‐141 and inactivation of AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Li Guoqing , Liu Ying , Meng Fanru , Xia Zhongbin , Wu Xia , Fang Yuxuan , Zhang Chunwang , Zhang Yu , Liu Dan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammation mediated by autoimmune responses. MEG3, a kind of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), participates in cell proliferation in cancer tissues. However, the correlation between MEG3 and RA is yet unclear. Therefore, to clarify how MEG3 works in RA, we performed a series of experiments using RA samples. We found that MEG3 was downregulated in the fibroblast‐like synoviocytes of RA patients (RA‐FLS), in comparison with healthy subjects. MEG3 was also down‐regulated evidently in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated chondrocyte. As part of our experiments, MEG3 was overexpressed in chondrocyte by transfection with lentivirus containing sequences encoding MEG3. In addition, in presence of LPS, reductions were identified not only in the cell proliferation, but also in the generation of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23), which, however were reversed in the lentivirus (containing MEG3‐encoding sequences)‐transfected chondrocytes. Up‐regulated MEG3 resulted in an increase the level of Ki67. Moreover, MEG3 was negatively correlated with miR‐141, and miR‐141 was up‐regulated in LPS‐treated chondrocyte. Inhibitory effects of MEG3 overexpression, mentioned above, were partially abolished by overexpressed miR‐141. Further, animal experiment also showed the inhibitory effect of MEG3 in overexpression on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In‐vivoexperiments also showed that cell proliferation was facilitated by MEG3 overexpression with inhibited inflammation. In summary, the protective role of MEG3 in RA was proved to be exerted by the increase in the rate of proliferation, which might correlate to the regulatory role of miR‐141 and AKT/mTOR signal pathway, suggesting that MEG3 holds great promise as a therapeutic strategy for RA.
Perceptions of shared decision making among health care professionals
Authors: Chung Min‐Chun , Juang Wang‐Chuan , Li Ying‐Chun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRationale and AimsScholars have progressively promoted shared decision making (SDM) as an optimal model of treatment decision making in clinical practice. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether health care professionals (a) understand SDM well, (b) believe that SDM is helpful in their daily practice, and (c) are willing to practice SDM during their daily activities. These are crucial research topics; however, such research is still limited. The aim of this study was to apply the knowledge‐attitude‐behavior (KAB) model to probe health care professionals' perceptions of SDM.MethodsA questionnaire was delivered to health care professionals working in various hospitals in southern Taiwan from 9 November 2018 to 8 January 2019. In addition to KAB constructs, this study explored the barriers to SDM practice and willingness to practice SDM among health care professionals. Predictive variables were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis to investigate health care professionals' views of SDM.ResultsValid respondents numbered 400, including physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other health care professionals. The characteristics of these health care professionals significantly affected the mean scores of the KAB model. A correlation analyses indicated that the KAB constructs were positively correlated with each other. The top three barriers reported were lack of time (57.50%), lack of knowledge (38.25%), and difficulty of developing patient decision aids (37.75%). Respondents who were willing to practice SDM opined that SDM can provide the best health care for patients (81.62%), can maintain and improve individual clinical expertise (77.38%), and can meet patient and social expectations (48.40%).ConclusionsContinuous emphasis on education regarding SDM and continuous promotion of a positive attitude of SDM acceptance can influence the behaviour of practicing SDM among health care professionals. Further study is required to assess the SDM practices of various health care professionals in different settings.
The Association Between Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults: Results From the National Institutes of Health Pooled Cohorts
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Navar Ann Marie , Wojdyla Daniel , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESElevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) in early adulthood is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The strength of the association between LDL‐C and ASCVD among older adults, however, is less understood.DESIGNWe examined individual‐level cohort data from the National Institutes of Health Pooled Cohorts (Framingham Study, Framingham Offspring Study, Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Health Study), which prospectively measured CVD risk factors and incident disease.SETTINGProspective cohort study.PARTICIPANTSAdults, aged 75 years or older, free of ASCVD.MEASUREMENTSWe evaluated the associations between LDL‐C and incident ASCVD (stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) in unadjusted analysis and in multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. We assessed 5‐year Kaplan‐Meier ASCVD event rates in patients with and without hyperlipidemia (LDL‐C ≥130 mg/dL or on lipid‐lowering medications), stratified by the number of other risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, and hypertension.RESULTSWe included 2667 adults, aged 75 years or older (59% female), free of ASCVD; median age was 78 years, with median LDL‐C of 117 mg/dL. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, there was no association between LDL‐C and ASCVD (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.022; 95% confidence interval = 0.998‐1.046; P = .07). Among adults without other risk factors (free of smoking, diabetes, and hypertension), event rates were similar between those with and without hyperlipidemia (Kaplan‐Meier rates = 5.8% and 7.0%, respectively). Among adults with one or two or more other risk factors, the presence of hyperlipidemia was also not associated with 5‐year CVD event rates (Kaplan‐Meier rates = 12.8% vs 15.0% [P = .44] for one other risk factor and 21.9% vs 24.0% [P = .59] for two or more other risk factors).CONCLUSIONAmong a well‐characterized cohort, LDL‐C was not associated with CVD risk among adults aged 75 years or older, even in the presence of other risk factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2560–2567, 2019
Oral collagen supplementation for skin aging: A fad or the future?
Authors: Jhawar Nikita , Wang Jordan V. , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, oral collagen supplements have become a popular and trendy treatment in the world of skin health. It has been widely marketed to consumers for purported benefits in wrinkle reduction, skin‐rejuvenation, skin‐aging reversal, and skin plumping. However, there are currently limited data available in the literature and much regarding its possible effects on the skin has yet to be fully elucidated and understood. Here, we summarize some of the prominent studies in the literature and offer an evaluation of oral collagen supplementation for skin health.
Cancer‐related fatigue and self‐care agency: A multicentre survey of patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: O'Regan Patricia , McCarthy Geraldine , O'Reilly Seamus , Power Derek , Bird Brian Healey , Murphy Conleth G. , Hegarty Josephine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo measure cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), self‐care agency (SCA) and fatigue self‐care strategies, and to explore the relationship between CRF and SCA.BackgroundCancer‐related fatigue has been consistently rated as the most elusive, common and severe of symptoms that patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy experience. Despite its frequency and severity, CRF is poorly managed. A renewed focus on supporting self‐care among patients with cancer has been found to reduce symptom burden, empower patients and improve patient satisfaction. Understanding the link between self‐care agency (i.e. capability and willingness to self‐care) and CRF levels will help practitioners to better support individuals on the cancer journey.DesignA descriptive, correlational survey design was employed.MethodsPatients (n = 362) undergoing chemotherapy with a primary diagnosis of breast, colorectal, Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma cancers were recruited from four oncology centres in one city in the South of Ireland. Participants completed the Piper Fatigue Scale‐Revised, Appraisal of Self‐care Agency Scale and a researcher‐developed Fatigue Self‐Care Survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between CRF and self‐care agency using a dichotomous dependent variable score of four as the cut‐off between those deemed to be fatigued (≥4) and those not fatigued (<4). As recommended by the EQUATOR Network, the STROBE checklist of items for cross‐sectional studies is used to report the study.ResultsThe incidence of CRF was high with 75% of participants scoring clinically relevant CRF. Higher SCA (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99, p = .011) was associated with decreased odds of developing CRF. Having non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.29–7.07, p = .011) was associated with increased odds of developing CRF.ConclusionsPatient's undergoing chemotherapy experience significant fatigue. Higher capability for self‐care is associated with lower fatigue. The promotion of SCA and self‐care strategies can impact on CRF.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the link between self‐care abilities and fatigue can lead to more individualised and tailored approaches to CRF.