bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrical characterization of urban fill by integrating the multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction method and electrical resistivity tomography: A case study in Poitiers, France
Authors: Cavalcante Fraga Luis H. , Schamper Cyril , Noël Cécile , Guérin Roger , Rejiba Fayçal 
Published: March 2019

A geophysical survey including electromagnetic induction (EMI) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) methods was applied and assessed with a 40‐trench sampling grid to delineate the geometry of an urban fill layer. Classical investigation techniques, such as excavation, offer localized information and suffer from time and budget constraints for environmental assessments. Near‐surface geophysics can provide the required spatial sampling to evaluate the coverage of anthropogenic soils in a time‐effective and quasi‐continuous manner. Fast‐acquisition and high‐spatial‐coverage EMI mapping and high‐vertical‐resolution ERT were implemented to delineate a suspicious urban fill on a 5‐ha site in a suburban region, which will host the buildings of a commercial complex. The ERT data and 40 trench excavations revealed an urban fill thickness ranging from 0.4 to 3.6 m overlying a calcareous substratum. After ERT–EMI calibration, a two‐layer model was introduced into the one‐dimensional (1‐D) inversion of the EMI data for estimating the geometry of the urban fill layer across the study site. The EMI 1‐D inversion results indicated that the predicted urban fill thicknesses were consistent with 70% of the measured values (27 out of 40 excavation sites). Resistive ground, large 3‐D structures and the heterogeneity of urban fill affected the EMI and ERT measurements and increased the difficulty of estimating its spatial distribution. In this paper, we present a measurement protocol that can guide land‐use development and be reproduced to investigate brownfield sites.Highlights

Urban soils are poorly characterized by localized investigations for environmental assessments.
Spatial EMI data from an urban fill context were calibrated by ERT for thickness inversion.
The ERT–EMI inversion reconstructed the urban fill thickness for 70% of the excavation points.
Geophysical techniques can reduce uncertainties for site rehabilitation and land‐use development.
Non‐destructive observation of the mycangia of Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Jiang Zi‐Ru , Kinoshita Shun'ichi , Sasaki Osamu , I. Cognato Anthony , Kajimura Hisashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractX‐ray microtomography has been applied successfully to obtain reliable microstructural information of many insect species. Nonetheless, the technique has not been widely applied to ambrosia beetles. The ambrosia beetle Euwallacea interjectus (Blandford) was first recorded as a vector of plant pathogenic fungus Ceratocystis ficicola Kajitani & Masuya, which has caused serious wilt disease in many fig orchards in Japan since 1999. Previous studies of E. interjectus have not described the mycangia (fungus‐storing organ) in detail. In this study, we non‐destructively examined the internal structure of an adult female of E. interjectus through computed microtomography scans. Paired mycangia were observed on typical computed tomography cross‐sections of the head. Each mycangium, ovoid in shape, was located in tissues just posterior to emarginated notch of eyes, adjacent to pharynx. Three dimensions (length × width × depth) of the mycangia were measured on stereography. We confirmed the absence of mycangia in the other body parts, such as elytra, prothorax and coxa of legs.
Albumin–Indocyanine Green Evaluation (ALICE) grade combined with portal hypertension to predict post‐hepatectomy liver failure
Authors: Shirata Chikara , Kokudo Takashi , Arita Junichi , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2019

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of liver function factors in predicting a postoperative large‐volume ascites (LA) and post‐hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).MethodsWe included 1025 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2002 and 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the role of each factor of liver function in predicting LA and PHLF. Factors included the presence of portal hypertension (PH), extent of resection, Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, and Albumin–Indocyanine Green Evaluation (ALICE) grade.ResultsThe ALICE score was the strongest predictor for LA (odds ratio [OR], 5.02) and PHLF (OR, 10.94). Conversely, MELD score was not a significant predictive factor for LA or PHLF based on the multivariate analysis. In the ALICE grade 2 group, patients with PH showed a significantly high incidence of developing LA and experiencing PHLF compared with those without PH (LA, 22.4% vs. 10.3%, P < 0.001; PHLF, 8.6% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001, respectively). Of patients in the ALICE 2 group, those undergoing sectoriectomy or more extensive resection were associated with extremely poor outcomes (LA, 54.2%; PHLF, 29.2%).ConclusionsA combination of ALICE grade and presence of PH is a useful predictor of LA and PHLF.
A descriptive study of a novel pharmacist led health outreach service for those experiencing homelessness
Authors: Lowrie Frances , Gibson Lauren , Towle Ian , Lowrie Richard 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To illustrate and review this new service and to describe the demographics of the patient group and the typology of interventions made by the pharmacist prescribers.

Methods
Pharmacists provided pop-up, drop-in (no appointment needed) health clinics to various homeless support venues in Glasgow City Centre. Data from pharmacists’ interventions (n = 52) and patient demographics were gathered from clinical records. Data were then extracted, transcribed and analysed.

Key findings
The demographics of the homeless patient group consisted mainly of white middle-aged males (mean age 39.8 years), of Scottish ethnicity and living in homeless hostels. Medications were prescribed by pharmacists in 62% of all patients. New medications were initiated in 69% of these patients; repeat/re-issues of lapsed medications were issued in 66% of these patients; changes were made to existing medication in 16%. The most commonly prescribed items were as follows: wound dressings; antihypertensives; antidiabetics; analgesics; inhalers; antidepressants; and nutritional supplements. Pharmacists diagnosed a new clinical issue in 69% of patients, most commonly with infections (skin or respiratory) in 36% of patients. Sixty-two per cent of patients had their presenting symptoms managed by the pharmacist alone. Patient engagement was good with 85% subsequently attending either a follow-up with the pharmacist or onward referral (to specialist services, secondary care, general practitioner appointment etc).

Conclusions
Assertive outreach by pharmacist independent prescribers for people who are homeless is feasible and leads to increased access to medicines for acute and chronic health problems. Further work is needed to evaluate the impact of this new service on key clinical outcomes.
Fixed-rate insulin for adult diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with more frequent hypoglycaemia than rate-reduction method: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lorenson Jessica L , Cusumano Michael C , Stewart Anna M , Buhnerkempe Michael G , Sanghavi Devang 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess whether hypoglycaemia incidence during management of adult diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) differed following transition from a fixed-rate insulin protocol to a protocol using an empiric insulin rate reduction after normoglycaemia.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed charts from adult patients managed with a DKA order set before and after order set revision. In cohort 1 (n = 77), insulin rate was 0.1 unit/kg/h with no adjustments and dextrose was infused at 12.5 g/h after glucose reached 250 mg/dl. In cohort 2 (n = 78), insulin was reduced to 0.05 unit/kg/h concurrent with dextrose initiation at 12.5 g/h after glucose reached 200 mg/dl. The primary outcome was hypoglycaemia (glucose &lt; 70 mg/dl) within 24 h of the first order for insulin.

Key findings
The 24-h incidence of hypoglycaemia was 19.2% in cohort 2 versus 32.5% in cohort 1; the adjusted odds ratio was 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.21, 0.98]; P = 0.047). The 24-h use of dextrose 50% in water (D50W) was also reduced in cohort 2. No differences were seen in anion gap or bicarbonate normalization, rebound hyperglycaemia or ICU length of stay. In most patients who became hypoglycaemic, the preceding glucose value was below 100 mg/dl.

Conclusions
The insulin rate-reduction protocol was associated with less hypoglycaemia and no obvious disadvantage. Robust intervention for low-normal glucose values could plausibly achieve low hypoglycaemia rates with either approach.
Local augmentation efficiency of Anaphes nitens (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae), the egg parasitoid of Gonipterus platensis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Santolamazza‐Carbone Serena , Pérez‐Rodríguez Antonio , García‐Fojo Rubén , Cordero‐Rivera Adolfo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of local augmentation releases of the egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens to control the Eucalyptus snout‐beetle Gonipterus platensis was tested in Eucalyptus globulus plantations in Galicia (NW Spain). On May–June 2006, at two localities of Pontevedra province, the release of host egg capsules parasitized by A. nitens at a potential rate of 300 adults/ha was compared with a release density of 900 adults/ha, and a control group of eucalypts not subjected to augmentation. Parasitism rate after 1–2 weeks did not significantly increase over the control plots at both localities. The high release rate did not ensure a higher crop protection and therefore could be not economically justified. On March–April 2017, at four localities of Pontevedra province, the test was replicated by releasing 300 parasitoids/ha. Parasitism level did significantly increase over the control just in one locality. Augmentation of A. nitens at small scale generally failed to achieve a higher protection from the pest, possibly due to the large extension of the E. globulus plantations, the magnitude of the G. platensis population and the fluctuations of the established parasitoid population, whose density is in turn affected by host egg availability and density‐dependent dispersal.
Unplanned readmission after ocular trauma ambulatory surgery: A retrospective study of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center
Authors: Zheng Yongxin , Chen Juejing , Zhong Liuxueying , Lin Xiaofeng , Lin Yueyan , Fang Hao , Pang Tingting 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeAmbulatory surgery (AS) has become common in recent years. This study explored the causes of unplanned readmission after AS and the trends in the rate of unplanned readmission in the Ocular Trauma Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center.MethodsWe collected information on patients who underwent AS from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017, summarized the causes of ambulatory hospitalization, and analysed the type of initial surgical procedure and the reasons for 31‐day unplanned readmission. The Ocular Trauma Department started to perform AS in around mid‐2015, and we collected information on patients who underwent ambulatory pars plana vitrectomy (APPV) from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017 to explore the predictive factors for the 31‐day unplanned readmission of APPV patients.ResultsIn 2015, 2016, and 2017, a total of 3443 patients underwent AS, among whom the three most common causes of ambulatory hospitalization were eye wall and appendages injury, aphakia, and silicone oil‐filled eye. Of the 3443 patients, 32 returned for 31‐day unplanned readmission, a readmission rate of 0.93%. The most common surgery (34.4%, 11/32) that resulted in unplanned readmission was pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The major reasons for unplanned readmission were retinal detachment (RD) (34.4%, 11/32) and high intraocular pressure (HIP) (18.8%, 6/32). There were 860 patients who underwent APPV from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017, among whom 10 needed 31‐day unplanned readmission, and the readmission rate of APPV for ocular trauma in 2016 and 2017 was 1.16%. Length of procedure (P < 0.05) and use of silicone oil filling (P < 0.05) were significantly related to the risk of unplanned readmission for APPV surgery.ConclusionIt is generally safe to perform AS on patients with ocular trauma. However, longer operative times and silicone oil filling increase the risk of unplanned readmission for APPV surgery.
Developmental changes in oxygen consumption and hypoxia tolerance in the heat and hypoxia‐adapted tabasco line of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, with a survey of the metabolic literature for the genus Oreochromis
Authors: Burggren Warren W. , Mendez‐Sanchez Jose F. , Martínez Bautista Gil , Peña Emyr , Martínez García Rafael , Alvarez González Carlos A. 
Published: March 2019

The genus Oreochromis is among the most popular of the tilapiine cichlid tribe for aquaculture. However, their temperature and hypoxia tolerance, if tested at all, is usually tested at temperatures of 20–25°C, rather than at the considerably higher temperatures of 30–35°C typical of tropical aquaculture.We hypothesized that both larvae and adults of the heat and hypoxia‐adapted Tabasco‐line of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus would be relatively hypoxia‐tolerant. Oxygen consumption rate (), Q10 and aquatic surface respiration (ASR) was measured using closed respirometry at 2 (c. 0.2 g), 30 (c. 2–5 g), 105 c. (10–15 g) and 240 (c. 250 g) days of development, at 25°C, 30°C and 35°C. at 30°C was inversely related to body mass: c. 90 μM O2 g−1/h in larvae down to c. 1 μM O2 g−1/h in young adults. Q10 for was typical for fish over the range 25–35°C of 1.5–2.0. ASR was exhibited by 50% of the fish at pO2 of 15–50 mmHg in a temperature‐dependent fashion. However, the largest adults showed notable ASR only when pO2 fell to below 10 mmHg. Remarkably, pcrit for was 12–17 mmHg at 25–30°C and still only 20–25 mmHg across development at 35°C. These values are among the lowest measured for teleost fishes. Noteworthy is that all fish maintain equilibrium, ventilated their gills and showed routine locomotor action for 10–20 min after ceased at near anoxia and when then returned to oxygenated waters, all fish survived, further indicating a remarkable hypoxic tolerance. Remarkably, data assembled for from >30 studies showed a > x2000 difference, which we attribute to calculation or conversion errors. Nonetheless, pcrit was very low for all Oreochromis sp. and lowest in the heat and hypoxia‐adapted Tabasco line.
Association Between Symptom Burden and Physical Function in Older Patients with Cancer
Authors: Pandya Chintan , Magnuson Allison , Flannery Marie , Zittel Jason , Duberstein Paul , Loh Kah Poh , Ramsdale Erika , Gilmore Nikesha , Dale William , Mohile Supriya G. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the independent association between symptom burden and physical function impairment in older adults with cancer.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTINGTwo university‐based geriatric oncology clinics.PARTICIPANTSPatients with cancer aged 65 years or older who underwent evaluation with geriatric assessment (GA).MEASUREMENTSSymptom burden was measured as a summary score of severity ratings (range = 0‐10) of 10 commonly reported symptoms using a Clinical Symptom Inventory (CSI). Functional impairment was defined as the presence of one or more impairments of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), any significant physical activity limitation on the Medical Outcomes Survey (MOS), one or more recent falls in the previous 6 months, or a Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score of 9 or less. Multivariate analysis evaluated the association between symptom burden and physical function impairment, adjusting for other clinical and sociodemographic variables.RESULTSFrom 2011 to 2015, 359 patients with cancer and a median age of 81 years (range = 65‐95 y) consented. The mean CSI score was 23.2 ± 20.5 with an observed range of 0 to 90. Patients in the highest quartile of symptom burden (N = 91; CSI score 52 ± 13) had a higher prevalence of IADL impairment (91% vs 51%), physical activity limitation (93% vs 65%), falls (55% vs 21%), and SPPB score of 9 or less (92% vs 69%) (all P values <.01) when compared with those in the bottom quartile (N = 81; CSI score: 2 ± 2). With each unit increase in CSI score, the odds of having IADL impairment, physical activity limitations, falls, and SPPB scores of 9 or less increased by 4.8%, 4.4%, 2.9%, and 2.5%, respectively (P < .05 for all results).CONCLUSIONSIn older patients with cancer, higher symptom burden is associated with functional impairment. Future studies are warranted to evaluate if improved symptom management can improve function in older cancer patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:998–1004, 2019.
Mouth self‐examination as a screening tool for oral potentially malignant disorders among a high‐risk Indigenous population
Authors: Ghani Wan Maria Nabillah , Razak Ishak Abdul , Doss Jennifer Geraldine , Ramanathan Anand , Tahir Zaiton , Ridzuan Nurul Anis , Edgar Suzanna , Zain Rosnah Binti 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of mouth self‐examination (MSE) as a self‐screening tool for detection of oral mucosal lesions among an Indigenous population in Malaysia at high risk for oral premalignant and malignant disorders.MethodsTwo villages were selected as the sampling frame based on prevalence of tobacco and betel quid chewing habit. Respondents were asked to check their mouth for presence of lesion or abnormalities. Education on oral cancer, including MSE, was provided. Subsequently, respondents were asked to perform MSE. Finally, a clinical oral examination (COE) was done by a specialist and the presence of oral mucosal lesions was recorded.ResultsAlmost 64.5 percent of respondents exhibited high levels of difficulty and low mucosal visualization and retracting ability, whereas 3.0 percent demonstrated high attention level when performing MSE. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 59.0 percent, whereas the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) was 9.0 percent. Detection of oral lesions by respondents using MSE was lower than detection by the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity of MSE for detection of all types of lesions were 8.6 and 95.0 percent respectively. When analyzing each lesion type separately, MSE was found to be most sensitive in detection of swellings (10.0 percent), and most specific in identifying white lesions (97.8 percent). For detection of OPMDs, although specificity was high (98.9 percent), sensitivity (0 percent), and +LR (0) was poor.ConclusionMSE is not an effective self‐screening tool for early detection of potentially malignant lesions for this population.
Investigation of sweet potato starch as a structural enhancer for three‐dimensional printing of Scomberomorus niphonius surimi
Authors: Dong Xiuping , Huang Ying , Pan Yuxi , Wang Kexin , Prakash Sangeeta , Zhu Beiwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional printing (3DP) of surimi requires a structural modifier to achieve a stable construct. This work investigated the effect of addition of sweet potato starch (0–10% wt/wt) on the physical properties (rheological properties, gel strength, water‐holding capacity [WHC], and microstructural characteristics) of surimi gels and the 3D printed behavior of these gels. The results showed that as the starch content increased, the viscosity of the starch–surimi mixture decreased facilitating the flow of the surimi out of the printer nozzle. The surimi gel with 8% sweet potato starch concentration showed good gel strength (2,021.70 g mm), WHC (82.39%), microstructural characteristics, and less cooking loss (1.95%). A comparison of the traditional surimi preparation method with 3DP showed that the surimi gel prepared by a 3D printed construct was softer in gel strength (1,398.65 g mm) and lower in hardness (945.17 g) although showing slightly higher cooking loss (6.76%) and lower WHC (72.66 g) than the conventional product. The results suggest that sweet potato starch can be effectively used as a structural enhancer for 3DP complex‐shaped surimi.
Evaluation of an Internet‐based intervention for ICD patients with elevated symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Ford Jessica , Littleton Heather , Lutes Lesley , Wuensch Karl , Benton Christie , Cahill John , Hudson Christopher , Nekkanti Rajasekhar , Gehi Anil , Sears Samuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo date, treatment to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients has been limited by lack of symptom recognition, lack of provider referrals, barriers to treatment access, and inadequate evidence base of treatment effectiveness in this population.MethodsParticipants were 46 patients with ICDs (17 paired) with elevated PTSD symptoms who were recruited in electrophysiology clinics at community and university hospitals as well as ICD support forums. Participants were provided the Web‐based, brief psychosocial intervention, which was tailored to ICD patients and contained elements of evidence‐based cognitive‐behavioral protocols for PTSD. Pretest and posttest measurement assessed participants’ trauma experiences, mental health, and device‐specific distress (device acceptance and shock anxiety).ResultsPostintervention scores on the PTSD Checklist (PCL; M = 35.5, SD = 10.09) were significantly lower than preintervention scores (M = 46.31, SD = 9.88), t (16) = 3.51, P = 0.003, d = 1.08.ConclusionsPreliminary results indicate that future research with a more robust design is warranted. Given limitations in accessibility of mental health providers to manage cardiac‐related psychological sequelae, brief, Web‐based intervention may be an effective, supplemental, clinical modality to offer treatment to this population.
Polymorphisms in cyanogenic glucoside and cyano‐amino acid content in natural accessions of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and selection for improved agronomic performance
Authors: Aouida Marwa , Rook Fred , Bianca Maimann Alexandra , Sánchez‐Pérez Raquel , Abid Ghassen , Fauconnier Marie Laure , Jebara Moez 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCommon vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an important annual forage legume. It is used as a cover crop, green manure, pasture legume and for silage and hay production. Its seeds can be used as a source of highly digestible protein and minerals in animal diets. However, their utilization as a feedstuff for monogastric animals is hindered by the fact that the seeds contain cyanogenic antinutritional factors that reduce their palatability. An effective utilization of V. sativa seeds as a successful monogastric feed stuff requires selection for higher protein availability and minimization of the cyanogenic antinutritional factors content. In this study, we selected one natural accession named Mjez Ibeb, from a collection of 25 accessions and cultivars, based on its superior agronomic performance and its naturally occurring genetic variation for cyanogenic traits. We investigated the genetic variation that exists for the cyanogenesis trait in more detail and analysed the seeds of 133 lines derived from accession Mjez lbeb. Of these, 40 naturally polymorphic lines that showed deficiencies in cyanogenesis and cyano‐amino acid content, were subsequently selected for detailed chemical analysis. Cyanogenic glucosides and cyano‐amino acid concentrations varied widely in the 40 lines. Multivariate analysis was performed and three lines (L16, L21, L18) with low content of cyanogenic compounds were identified.