bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lignin Valorization by Cobalt‐Catalyzed Fractionation of Lignocellulose to Yield Monophenolic Compounds
Authors: Rautiainen Sari , Di Francesco Davide , Katea Sarmad Naim , Westin Gunnar , Tungasmita Duangamol N. , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Joseph S. M. Samec at Stockholm University together with Duangamol Tungasmita from Chulalongkorn University. The image shows cobalt‐based heterogeneous catalyst on nitrogen‐doped carbon support outperforming the noble‐metal‐based competitors. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201802497.
ACEME: Reducing of CO2 and H2S for biogas upgrading using accelerated mineralization
Authors: Sakowski Bastian Alexander , Kaiser Martin , Mollekopf Norbert 
Published: January 2019

To reduce carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide concentration in simulated biogas, experiments were performed on a laboratory scale. The main goal was to use calcium, lead and zinc from fly ash from waste combustion power plants to form carbonates and sulfides for biogas upgrading within a process water cycle. Thereby, the contact time between the simulated biogas and the ionized process water was limited to less than 1 s. The investigation focused on the influence of hydrogen sulfide partial pressure, reaction time, reaction temperature, and process water volume flows. The experiments were performed with two different ashes.The results show that the kinetics for hydrogen sulfide reactions were better than for carbon dioxide where the mass transfer into the liquid phase slows down the upgrading process. This led to fast reactions for H2S in the initial volume and therefore to a bottleneck for further sequestration. For carbon dioxide the kinetics limit the process in the beginning until all reactants for carbonates and the process water volume flow limit the process also. For the process temperature, slightly better separation efficiencies were realized for carbon dioxide at 40 °C while the effect for hydrogen sulfide separation was contradictory for the used ashes. With higher process water volume flow, best results were achieved and the bottleneck of reactants ratios was compensated. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13144, 2019
Neural networks for sentence comprehension and production: An ALE‐based meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Walenski Matthew , Europa Eduardo , Caplan David , Thompson Cynthia K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractComprehending and producing sentences is a complex endeavor requiring the coordinated activity of multiple brain regions. We examined three issues related to the brain networks underlying sentence comprehension and production in healthy individuals: First, which regions are recruited for sentence comprehension and sentence production? Second, are there differences for auditory sentence comprehension vs. visual sentence comprehension? Third, which regions are specifically recruited for the comprehension of syntactically complex sentences? Results from activation likelihood estimation (ALE) analyses (from 45 studies) implicated a sentence comprehension network occupying bilateral frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regions implicated in production (from 15 studies) overlapped with the set of regions associated with sentence comprehension in the left hemisphere, but did not include inferior frontal cortex, and did not extend to the right hemisphere. Modality differences between auditory and visual sentence comprehension were found principally in the temporal lobes. Results from the analysis of complex syntax (from 37 studies) showed engagement of left inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions, as well as the right insula. The involvement of the right hemisphere in the comprehension of these structures has potentially important implications for language treatment and recovery in individuals with agrammatic aphasia following left hemisphere brain damage.
In silico prediction of chemical reproductive toxicity using machine learning
Authors: Jiang Changsheng , Yang Hongbin , Di Peiwen , Li Weihua , Tang Yun , Liu Guixia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractReproductive toxicity is an important regulatory endpoint in health hazard assessment. Because the in vivo tests are expensive, time consuming and require a large number of animals, which must be killed, in silico approaches as the alternative strategies have been developed to assess the potential reproductive toxicity (reproductive toxicity) of chemicals. Some prediction models for reproductive toxicity have been developed, but most of them were built only based on one single endpoint such as embryo teratogenicity; therefore, these models may not provide reliable predictions for toxic chemicals with other endpoints, such as sperm reduction or gonadal dysgenesis. Here, a total of 1823 chemicals for reproductive toxicity characterized by multiple endpoints were used to develop structure‐activity relationship models by six machine‐learning approaches with nine molecular fingerprints. Among the models, MACCSFP‐SVM model has the best performance for the external validation set (area under the curve = 0.900, classification accuracy = 0.836). The applicability domain was analyzed, and a rational boundary was found to distinguish inaccurate predictions and accurate predictions. Moreover, several structural alerts for characterizing reproductive toxicity were identified using the information gain combining substructure frequency analysis. Our results would be helpful for the prediction of the reproductive toxicity of chemicals.
Forty years of the Japanese Society for Biomaterials looking back at my term of office as the chairperson
Authors: Ikada Yoshito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe compatibility of artificial materials with living system, such as antithrombogenicity and antiimmunogenicity, has been an important issue in the field of the biomaterials researches at the early periods of the biomaterials research. After that, the bioabsorbable materials have been subsequently incorporated as biomaterials. As a result, biomaterial researchers started participating in the field of drug delivery system (DDS), and combining biomaterials and cells not only led to bioartificial organs, but also tissue engineering. The bioabsorbable biomaterials function as scaffolds for the cells and play an important role in the field of regenerative medicine researches. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 930–932, 2019.
Mechanical behavior of bovine pericardium treated with hyaluronic acid derivative for bioprosthetic aortic valves
Authors: Marinho Enesio , Carbonari Ronny Calixto , Malmonge Sonia M. , Leão Cedric Rocha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe studied the mechanical behavior of bovine pericardium (BP) after anticalcification treatment using hyaluronic acid (HA) derivative. To simulate the physiological environment and stimulate the calcification process, the BP samples were immersed into simulated body fluid solution. We conducted scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, and uniaxial mechanical tests of HA‐treated and non‐treated samples. Although our microstructural analyses indicated that the HA treatment actually prevents the formation of calcium phosphate deposits, the mechanical tests show significant increase of stiffness of the HA‐treated samples. Using data from our mechanical tests as input parameters, we performed finite element (FE) computer simulations to estimate how this increase in the BP stiffness affects the stress distribution in the bioprosthetic leaflet. Although the maximum stress observed during the closing phase of the membrane in vivo is below the experimental yield stress in all cases we analyzed, our FE results indicate that increase of BP stiffness due to HA anticalcification treatment results in higher risk of disruption and failure of the leaflets in bioprosthetic heart valves. Since our FE results indicate that the commissure and the fixed edge are the regions that withstand the highest mechanical stresses during the closing phase, new designs of the valve might be efficient to enhance the endurance of the prosthesis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2273–2280, 2019.
Effects of a Home‐Based Physical Rehabilitation Program on Tibial Bone Structure, Density, and Strength After Hip Fracture: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Suominen Tuuli H , Edgren Johanna , Salpakoski Anu , Arkela Marja , Kallinen Mauri , Cervinka Tomas , Rantalainen Timo , Törmäkangas Timo , Heinonen Ari , Sipilä Sarianna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWeight‐bearing physical activity may decrease or prevent bone deterioration after hip fracture. This study investigated the effects of a home‐based physical rehabilitation program on tibial bone traits in older hip fracture patients. A population‐based clinical sample of men and women operated for hip fracture (mean age 80 years, 78% women) was randomly assigned into an intervention (n = 40) and a standard care control group (n = 41) on average 10 weeks postfracture. The intervention group participated in a 12‐month home‐based rehabilitation intervention, including evaluation and modification of environmental hazards, guidance for safe walking, nonpharmacological pain management, motivational physical activity counseling, and a progressive, weight‐bearing home exercise program comprising strengthening exercises for the lower legs, balance training, functional exercises, and stretching. All participants received standard care. Distal tibia (5% proximal to the distal end plate) compressive bone strength index (BSI; g2/cm4), total volumetric BMD (vBMDTOT; mg/cm3), and total area (CSATOT; mm2), as well as midtibia (55%) strength–strain index (SSI; mm3), cortical vBMD (vBMDCO; mg/cm3), and ratio of cortical to total area (CSACO/CSATOT)were assessed in both legs by pQCT at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. The intervention had no effect (group × time) on either the distal or midtibial bone traits. At the distal site, BSI of both legs, vBMDTOTof the fractured side, and CSATOTof the nonfractured side decreased significantly over time in both groups 0.7% to 3.1% (12 months,p < 0.05). At the midshaft site, CSACO/CSATOTand SSI of both legs, and vBMDCOof the fractured leg, decreased significantly over time in both groups 1.1% to 1.9% (12 months,p < 0.05). Trabecular and cortical bone traits of the tibia on the fractured and the nonfractured side deteriorated throughout follow‐up. The home‐based physical rehabilitation intervention aimed at promoting mobility recovery was unable to prevent bone deterioration in older people after hip fracture. © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Differentiating supraclavicular from gluteal adipose tissue based on simultaneous PDFF and T2* mapping using a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition
Authors: Franz Daniela , Diefenbach Maximilian N. , Treibel Franziska , Weidlich Dominik , Syväri Jan , Ruschke Stefan , Wu Mingming , Holzapfel Christina , Drabsch Theresa , Baum Thomas , Eggers Holger , Rummeny Ernst J. , Hauner Hans , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAdipose tissue (AT) can be classified into white and brown/beige subtypes. Chemical shift encoding‐based water–fat MRI‐techniques allowing simultaneous mapping of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and T2* result in a lower PDFF and a shorter T2* in brown compared with white AT. However, AT T2* values vary widely in the literature and are primarily based on 6‐echo data. Increasing the number of echoes in a multiecho gradient‐echo acquisition is expected to increase the precision of AT T2* mapping.Purpose1) To mitigate issues of current T2*‐measurement techniques through experimental design, and 2) to investigate gluteal and supraclavicular AT T2* and PDFF and their relationship using a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐one healthy subjects.Field Strength/Sequence AssessmentFirst, a ground truth signal evolution was simulated from a single‐T2* water–fat model. Second, a time‐interleaved 20‐echo gradient‐echo sequence with monopolar gradients of neck and abdomen/pelvis at 3 T was performed in vivo to determine supraclavicular and gluteal PDFF and T2*. Complex‐based water–fat separation was performed for the first 6 echoes and the full 20 echoes. AT depots were segmented.Statistical TestsMann‐Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and simple linear regression analysis.ResultsBoth PDFF and T2* differed significantly between supraclavicular and gluteal AT with 6 and 20 echoes (PDFF: P < 0.0001 each, T2*: P = 0.03 / P < 0.0001 for 6/20 echoes). 6‐echo T2* demonstrated higher standard deviations and broader ranges than 20‐echo T2*. Regression analyses revealed a strong relationship between PDFF and T2* values per AT compartment (R2 = 0.63 supraclavicular, R2 = 0.86 gluteal, P < 0.0001 each).Data ConclusionThe present findings suggest that an increase in the number of sampled echoes beyond 6 does not affect AT PDFF quantification, whereas AT T2* is considerably affected. Thus, a 20‐echo gradient‐echo acquisition enables a multiparametric analysis of both AT PDFF and T2* and may therefore improve MR‐based differentiation between white and brown fat.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:424–434.
Quantitative myocardial perfusion in coronary artery disease: A perfusion mapping study
Authors: Knott Kristopher D. , Camaioni Claudia , Ramasamy Anantharaman , Augusto Joao A. , Bhuva Anish N. , Xue Hui , Manisty Charlotte , Hughes Rebecca K. , Brown Louise A.E. , Amersey Rajiv , Bourantas Christos , Kellman Peter , Plein Sven , Moon James C 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCardiac MR stress perfusion remains a qualitative technique in clinical practice due to technical and postprocessing challenges. However, automated inline perfusion mapping now permits myocardial blood flow (MBF, ml/g/min) quantification on‐the‐fly without user input.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic performance of this novel technique in detecting occlusive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients scheduled to undergo coronary angiography.Study TypeProspective, observational.SubjectsFifty patients with suspected CAD and 24 healthy volunteers.Field Strength1.5T.Sequence"Dual" sequence multislice 2D saturation recovery.AssessmentAll patients underwent cardiac MR with perfusion mapping and invasive coronary angiography; the healthy volunteers had MR with perfusion mapping alone.Statistical TestsComparison between numerical variables was performed using an independent t‐test. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for transmyocardial, endocardial stress MBF, and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR, the stress:rest MBF ratio) to diagnose severe (>70%) stenoses as measured by 3D quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). ROC curves were compared by the method of DeLong et al.ResultsCompared with volunteers, patients had lower stress MBF and MPR even in vessels with <50% stenosis (2.00 vs. 3.08 ml/g/min, respectively). As stenosis severity increased (<50%, 50–70%, >70%), MBF and MPR decreased. To diagnose occlusive (>70%) CAD, endocardial and transmyocardial stress MBF were superior to MPR (area under the curve 0.92 [95% CI 0.86–0.97] vs. 0.90 [95% CI 0.84–0.95] and 0.80 [95% CI 0.72–0.87], respectively). An endocardial threshold of 1.31 ml/g/min provided a per‐coronary artery sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90%, 82%, 50%, and 98%, with a per‐patient diagnostic performance of 100%, 66%, 57%, and 100%, respectively.Data ConclusionPerfusion mapping can diagnose occlusive CAD with high accuracy and, in particular, high sensitivity and NPV make it a potential "rule‐out" test.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:756–762.
What influences a tourist to return to a cultural destination?
Authors: Vareiro Laurentina , Ribeiro José Cadima , Remoaldo Paula Cristina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the likelihood of tourists to repeat a visit to a cultural destination. We use a sample of 432 tourists who had visited Guimarães, Portugal. A cluster analysis separates visitors according to their opinion of the city's attributes. Afterward, a logistic regression analyses the variables that affect the likelihood of revisiting, taking into account the three clusters obtained. Results showed that, among the total sample, global quality of the destination had the biggest influence on the tourists' decision of whether to revisit the destination, whereas the least important reason was prior visits. These influential factors varied when different cluster group compositions were considered.
Moral Injury: An Integrative Review
Authors: Griffin Brandon J. , Purcell Natalie , Burkman Kristine , Litz Brett T. , Bryan Craig J. , Schmitz Martha , Villierme Claudia , Walsh Jessica , Maguen Shira 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIndividuals who are exposed to traumatic events that violate their moral values may experience severe distress and functional impairments known as “moral injuries.” Over the last decade, moral injury has captured the attention of mental health care providers, spiritual and faith communities, media outlets, and the general public. Research about moral injury, especially among military personnel and veterans, has also proliferated. For this article, we reviewed scientific research about moral injury. We identified 116 relevant epidemiological and clinical studies. Epidemiological studies described a wide range of biological, psychological/behavioral, social, and religious/spiritual sequelae associated with exposure to potentially morally injurious events. Although a dearth of empirical clinical literature exists, some authors debated how moral injury might and might not respond to evidence‐based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) whereas others identified new treatment models to directly address moral repair. Limitations of the literature included variable definitions of potentially morally injurious events, the absence of a consensus definition and gold‐standard measure of moral injury as an outcome, scant study of moral injury outside of military‐related contexts, and clinical investigations limited by small sample sizes and unclear mechanisms of therapeutic effect. We conclude our review by summarizing lessons from the literature and offering recommendations for future research.
Determination of the 15N chemical shift anisotropy in natural abundance samples by proton‐detected 3D solid‐state NMR under ultrafast MAS of 70 kHz
Authors: Rossi Federica , Duong Nghia Tuan , Pandey Manoj Kumar , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto , Nishiyama Yusuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChemical shift anisotropy (CSA) is a sensitive probe of electronic environment at a nucleus, and thus, it offers deeper insights into detailed structural and dynamic properties of different systems, for example, chemical, biological, and materials. Over the years, massive efforts have been made to develop recoupling methods that reintroduce CSA interaction under magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions. Most of them require slow or moderate MAS (≤20 kHz) and isotopically enriched samples. On the other hand, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no 13C or 15N CSA recoupling schemes at ultrafast MAS (≥60 kHz) suitable for cost‐effective natural abundant samples have been developed. We present here a proton‐detected 3D 15N CS/15N CSA/1H CS correlation experiment which employs 1H indirect detection for sensitivity enhancement and a γ‐encoded
‐symmetry‐based CSA recoupling scheme. In particular, two different symmetries, that is, R837 and R1049, are first tested, in a 2D 15N CSA/1H CS version, on [U‐15N]‐L‐histidine·HCl·H2O as a model sample under 70 kHz MAS. Then the 3D experiment is applied on glycyl‐L‐alanine at natural abundance, resulting in site‐resolved 15N CSA lineshapes from which CSA parameters are retrieved by SIMPSON numerical fittings. We demonstrate that this 3D R‐symmetry‐based pulse sequence is highly robust with respect to wide‐range offset mismatches and weakly dependent to rf inhomogeneity within mis‐sets of ±10% from the theoretical value.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging of phosphocreatine in the muscle
Authors: Chung Julius Juhyun , Jin Tao , Lee Jung Hee , Kim Seong‐Gi 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo determine the exchange parameters for the CEST of phosphocreatine (PCrCEST) in phantoms and to characterize PCrCEST in vivo in the muscle at different saturation powers and magnetic fields.MethodsExchange parameters were measured in PCr solutions using varying saturation power at 15.2 T. Z‐spectra were analyzed using multipool Lorentzian fitting in the hindlimb using various powers at 2 different fields: 9.4 T and 15.2 T. Modulation of PCr signal in PCrCEST and phosphorus MRS was observed in the mouse hindlimb before and after euthanasia.ResultsThe exchange rate of PCr at physiological pH in phantoms was confirmed to be in a much slower exchange regime compared with Cr: kex at pH 7.3 and below was less than 400 s–1. There was insufficient signal for detection of PCrCEST in the brain, but PCrCEST in the hindlimb was measured to be 2.98% ± 0.43 at a B1 of 0.47 μT at 15.2 T, which is 29% higher than 9.4T values. The value of PCrCEST at a B1 of 0.71 μT was not significantly different than that measured at a B1 of 0.47 μT. After euthanasia, PCrCEST signal dropped by 82.3% compared with an 85% decrease in PCr in phosphorus MRS, whereas CrCEST signal increased by 90.6%.ConclusionThe PCrCEST technique has viable sensitivity in the muscle at high fields and shows promise for the study of metabolic dysfunction and cardiac systems.
Genomic profiling of combined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma reveals similar genetics to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Joseph Nancy M , Tsokos Christos G , Umetsu Sarah E , Shain A Hunter , Kelley Robin K , Onodera Courtney , Bowman Sarah , Talevich Eric , Ferrell Linda D , Kakar Sanjay , Krings Gregor 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCombined hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinomas (CHC) are mixed tumours with both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) components. CHC prognosis is similar to intrahepatic CC (ICC) and worse than HCC; staging and treatment generally follow ICC algorithms. However, the molecular biology of CHC remains poorly characterised. We performed capture‐based next‐generation sequencing of 20 CHC and, for comparison, 10 ICC arising in cirrhosis. Intratumour heterogeneity was assessed by separately sequencing the HCC and CC components of nine CHC. CHC demonstrated molecular profiles similar to HCC, even in the CC component. CHC harboured recurrent alterations in TERT (80%), TP53 (80%), cell cycle genes (40%; CCND1, CCNE1, CDKN2A), receptor tyrosine kinase/Ras/PI3‐kinase pathway genes (55%; MET, ERBB2, KRAS, PTEN), chromatin regulators (20%; ARID1A, ARID2) and Wnt pathway genes (20%; CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). No CHC had alterations in IDH1, IDH2, FGFR2 or BAP1, genes typically mutated in ICC. TERT promoter mutations were consistently identified in both HCC and CC components, supporting TERT alteration as an early event in CHC evolution. TP53 mutations were present in both components in slightly over half the TP53‐altered cases. By contrast, focal amplifications of CCND1, MET and ERRB2, as well as Wnt pathway alterations, were most often exclusive to one component, suggesting that these are late events in CHC evolution. ICC in cirrhosis demonstrated alterations similar to ICC in non‐cirrhotic liver, including in IDH1 or IDH2 (30%), CDKN2A (40%), FGFR2 (20%), PBRM1 (20%), ARID1A (10%) and BAP1 (10%). TERT promoter and TP53 mutation were present in only one ICC each. Our data demonstrate that CHC genetics are distinct from ICC (even in cirrhosis) and similar to HCC, which has diagnostic utility and implications for treatment. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.