bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of vascular ageing and the effect of novel cardio‐renal protective medications in preventing progression of chronic kidney disease in people living with diabetes
Authors: Fountoulakis Nikolaos , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Pavkov Meda E. , Karalliedde Janaka , Maltese Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimAmong people with diabetes those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a reduced life expectancy with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. CKD related to diabetes is growing worldwide and is one of the leading causes of kidney failure globally. Diabetes is associated with accelerated vascular ageing and the related mechanisms and mediators that drive the progression of CKD and CVD disease in people with diabetes may help provide insights into the pathophysiology of cardio‐renal complications and guide treatment interventions in people with diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the literature using PubMed for English language articles that contained keywords that related to diabetes, chronic or diabetic kidney disease, ageing, cellular senescence, arterial stiffness, Klotho and sirtuins, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors, renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists.ResultsProgressive kidney disease in diabetes is associated with accelerated ageing driven in part by multiple processes such as cellular senescence, inflammation, oxidative stress and circulating uremic toxins. This accelerated ageing phenotype contributes to increased arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, cognitive decline and muscle wasting, thereby elevating morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes and CKD. Deficiency of the kidney‐derived anti‐ageing hormone Klotho and reduced sirtuin levels play pivotal roles in these ageing pathways. Dietary, lifestyle and pharmacological interventions targeting vascular ageing may help reduce the progression of CKD and associated CVD in people with diabetes. The current standard of care and pillars of treatment for kidney disease such as RAAS inhibitors, SGLT‐2 inhibitors and GLP‐1 receptor agonists all influence pathways involved in vascular ageing.ConclusionsA multifactorial intervention to prevent the development of CKD by targeting traditional risk factors as well as treatment with novel agents with cardio‐renal beneficial effects can prevent accelerated ageing and extend lifespan in people with diabetes.
Association between weight reduction achieved with tirzepatide and quality of life in adults with obesity: Results from the SURMOUNT‐1 study
Authors: Gudzune Kimberly A. , Stefanski Adam , Cao Dachuang , Mojdami Donna , Wang Fangyu , Ahmad Nadia , Ling Poon Jiat 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsThe SURMOUNT‐1 trial investigated effects of tirzepatide, a glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, on body weight in participants with obesity or overweight. This analysis evaluated changes in patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) assessing physical function, psychosocial well‐being, and overall health aspects of participants' health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in SURMOUNT‐1.MethodsPRO instruments included the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite Clinical Trials version (IWQOL‐Lite‐CT), Short Form Survey‐36 version 2 (SF‐36v2) and EQ‐5D‐5L. Scores were analysed by treatment group and by categorical degree of weight reduction group: >0 to <5%, ≥5 to <10%, ≥10 to <20% and ≥20%. Relevant PROs were evaluated for participants with or without physical or psychosocial limitations at baseline, as measured by Patient Global Impression of Status for physical activity (PGIS) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2), respectively.ResultsAll tirzepatide groups demonstrated significant improvements in PRO scores versus placebo. There was a consistent trend of incremental PRO improvement with greater degrees of weight reduction, starting from ≥5% weight reduction. Participants achieving ≥20% weight reduction demonstrated the greatest changes from baseline to week 72 (SF‐36v2 Physical Component Summary, 4.60; SF‐36v2 Mental Component Summary, 0.80; IWQOL‐Lite CT Total score, 24.7). Those with baseline physical and psychosocial limitations experienced greater improvements than those without.ConclusionsTirzepatide treatment was associated with improved HRQoL compared to placebo in people with overweight or obesity. Higher percentages of weight reduction were associated with greater improvements.Clinical trial registration number for SURMOUNT‐1: NCT04184622.
Heritage Transmission From Past to Future: A Practice‐Based Exploration of Value Education Through Oral History
Authors: Dölek Emine Demirci , Dere İlker , Sarı Muhammed 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStudies connecting oral history and value education as a method of learning and teaching are a few, and most are based on theoretical knowledge. There are limited studies that practically apply value education, using oral history as an example for researchers and readers. We designed this research to fill the gap between theory and practice. The current study aims to integrate oral history practices into value education and provide a practice‐based example. Our problem statement: “Can the oral history method contribute to students' learning of the values?” To answer this question, we conducted collaborative action research with 20 students studying in a public secondary school over nine weeks to teach them the values of attaching importance to family unity, solidarity, respect, and responsibility, which we determined to be within the scope of the social studies course. At all stages, we collaborated with the social studies teacher, students, and family members of the students. We used various data collection tools, including knowledge assessment forms (pre and post), implementation assessment forms, and semi‐structured interview forms with the students. After the data collection, we used the content analysis method. The study results showed that implementing value education through oral history effectively taught the objectives' values. In addition, thanks to the practice, students could perceive the change and continuity of values and develop their skills. Based on the research results, we can say that oral history should be used more as an innovative method in value education.
Unlocking the Beat: How AI Tools Drive Music Students' Motivation, Engagement, Creativity and Learning Success
Authors: Chen Lixia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the relationships among music students' artificial intelligence (AI) perceptions, motivation, engagement, creativity and learning success. Through a random sampling method, 521 Chinese music students participated in the research, which employed a range of questionnaires to assess AI perceptions, motivation, engagement, learning outcomes and creativity. The study utilised SPSS (version 27) and AMOS (version 24) for comprehensive statistical analysis. Findings reveal a significant relationship between students' perceptions of AI in music education and their motivation, engagement and learning success. Positive AI perceptions were found to enhance motivation by increasing interest in innovative learning tools and fostering engagement through interactive AI‐based learning environments. Moreover, these perceptions were predictive of higher motivation, engagement and learning success. The study suggests that AI can play a crucial role in enhancing educational outcomes by making learning more interactive, personalised and engaging, thus improving overall student performance and creativity in music education.
Navigating the Future of Pedagogy: The Integration of AI Tools in Developing Educational Assessment Rubrics
Authors: Fernández‐Sánchez Andrea , Lorenzo‐Castiñeiras Juan José , Sánchez‐Bello Ana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe advent of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies heralds a transformative era in education. This study investigates the integration of AI tools in developing educational assessment rubrics within the ‘Curriculum Design Development and Evaluation’ course at the University of A Coruña during the 2023–2024 academic year. Employing an action–research methodological approach, 27 comprehensive evaluation rubrics were developed using AI tools like ChatGPT. The findings highlight AI's ability to enhance rubric precision, efficiency and alignment with curricular objectives, thus facilitating personalised learning experiences. This research underscores AI's transformative potential in education, advocating for broader adoption and the necessity for educators to acquire AI proficiency. The study demonstrates how AI tools can streamline the rubric development process, making it more accurate and time efficient while also ensuring the inclusion of essential curricular elements. Through this approach, AI can support innovative assessment strategies that are both effective and adaptable to diverse educational contexts.
The Influence of Big Data on the Core Literacy Development of Elementary Music Students in the New Media Era
Authors: Teng Teng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe application of big data in education sparks debates on its effects. Researchers explore its impact on learning outcomes, with divergent views on neural networks' potential and negative consequences. This study assesses big data's influence on basic literacy skills in music education for 5th graders. Using clustering and k‐density analyses, scholars monitored changes over 5 months at [Music College of Jimei University] Elementary School. Results show big data technologies helped maintain motivation and improved academic success. Musical performance and the Sounddraw app garnered the most interest and effectiveness. These results indicate that the use of big data technologies is not only effective in increasing engagement but also in enhancing the cognitive understanding of musical concepts. This adaptability is crucial in music education, where students’ individual learning paces and creative inclinations vary widely. Moreover, by leveraging data‐driven insights, educators can track progress more precisely, identifying areas where students excel and where they may need additional support. Future research should delve into the psycho‐emotional impact of regular big data use in music learning. This study underscores the practical application of modern educational programs to meet evolving needs and advocates interactive learning to mitigate traditional methods’ drawbacks.
Biomarkers to Differentiate Acute Chest Syndrome From Vaso‐Occlusive Crisis in Children With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Wang Karen , Olave Nelida , Aggarwal Saurabh , Oh Joo‐Yeun , Patel Rakesh P. , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Lebensburger Jeffrey , Alishlash Ammar Saadoon 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute Chest Syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the US—about half of the children who develop ACS present initially with pain.MethodsHere, we studied biomarkers to differentiate ACS from vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC) in children with SCD who presented with pain to the emergency department (ED). We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients who presented to the ED with pain and were discharged with ACS or VOC between March, 2017 and February, 2020.ResultsWe identified 7 patients with ACS and 19 patients with VOC. The two groups were comparable in age and sex. All patients with ACS had asthma versus 42% of the VOC group. The ACS group had lower weight and BMI z‐scores. Patients with ACS compared to VOC had significantly higher respiratory rates, lower O2 saturation, and longer hospital stays. They also had higher white blood cell count, glucose level (> 99 mg/dL), anion gap (> 9 mEq/L), sPLA2 (> 7 pg/mL), IFN‐γ (> 17.8 pg/mL), IL‐10 (1.54 pg/mL), and IL‐12 (> 0.5 pg/mL) levels.ConclusionsWe identified biomarkers associated with ACS development in children with SCD presenting with pain that allow for earlier ACS interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity.
Implementing a novel process for solving contentious conservation problems: The genetic status of K'gari wongari (Fraser Island Dingoes) as a case study
Authors: Allen Benjamin L. , Ross Helen 
Published: November 2024

SummaryMany conservation problems remain intractable because of conflicting views between policymakers, managers, researchers, conservationists and community stakeholders. Novel approaches to resolving these conflicts are required to achieve conservation outcomes that are more broadly acceptable. The conservation and management of K'gari wongari (Fraser Island's Dingoes) is emblematic of such a situation. Here we describe the successful implementation of a novel approach to advancing one such formerly intractable issue – assessing the genetic health and status of the island's Dingoes to resolve latent conflicts and assist protected area managers with their conservation activities. We developed a participatory, independent approach centred on community workshops to identify research priorities, expert workshops to identify appropriate research methods, then the commissioning of independent scientific research to address community priorities in accordance with the experts' suggested methods. The overall aim of the project was to provide managers with robust and policy‐ready information on the genetic health and status of the Dingoes – information that also met community expectations and was widely supported by subject matter experts. The participatory approach of the project achieved this aim and was completed successfully and satisfactorily for all involved despite the occurrence of some expected challenges and necessary compromises. Here we describe the background to the problem, how the project was designed, the key challenges the project faced during implementation, and the key learnings from the exercise, thereby highlighting its innovative features as a participatory conflict resolution process. This process could be applied to advance other conservation problems hampered by conflicting stakeholder views.
Mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease eligibility for disease modification therapies in a tertiary centre for cognitive disorders: A simultaneous real‐word study on aducanumab and lecanemab
Authors: Logroscino G. , Urso D. , Gnoni V. , Giugno A. , Vilella D. , Castri A. , Barone R. , Nigro S. , Zecca C. , De Blasi R. , Introna A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThe Food and Drug Administration approved two disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD), aducanumab and lecanemab, with limited clinical impact but significant biomarker changes. Identifying suitable candidates for these DMTs outside randomized clinical trials (RCTs) remains uncertain.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study, conducted in an Italian tertiary centre for cognitive disorders, aimed to evaluate how the RCT eligibility criteria for DMT treatments applies to participants with early AD. The broader Cummings et al. (Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, 2021, 2023) criteria and the clinical differences between DMT candidates were also assessed.ResultsThe study involved 408 participants (mean age 71.1 ± 8.5 years, 48% male) with a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (161/408, 39.5%) or mild dementia (247/408, 60.5%). Amongst them, 169 individuals (41%) showed positive AD pathology biomarkers. Eligibility RCT assessment revealed 14 patients eligible for aducanumab (3.43% of 408) and 28 for lecanemab (6.86% of 408). Following Cummings' real‐world criteria, aducanumab eligibility increased to 9.56%, whereas lecanemab eligibility rose to 8.33%. Applying selection criteria to only the amyloid positive (169 out of 408), the selection for DMTs was 8.3% for aducanumab and 16.5% for lecanemab.ConclusionAmongst subjects diagnosed with mild AD and mild cognitive impairment in a tertiary centre for cognitive disorders, only a small percentage of patients using RCT diagnostic criteria are eligible for DMT. The application of Cummings criteria strongly increased the DMT candidates. Nevertheless, the majority of patients with cognitive disorders have been excluded from DMTs approved so far.
Which proxy: Capturing lottery feature through aggregation
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhou Guofu , Zhu Yifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe develop a lottery factor from five commonly utilized lottery measures and find this factor substantially enhances the well‐known factor models concerning market anomalies, particularly those related to skewness and value. Our findings emphasize that stocks exhibiting high lottery characteristics display considerable anomaly returns, primarily due to the short position of these stocks rather than their financial distress. Moreover, our research consistently indicates that lottery stocks frequently correlate with low short volume and higher shorting fees. This implies that the preference of retail investors to hold onto lottery stocks results in a reduced supply of these shares available for lending.
Rapid Zooplankton Assessment: Evaluating a Tool for Ecosystem‐Based Fisheries Management in the Large Marine Ecosystems of Alaska
Authors: Kimmel David G. , Crouser Deana C. , Harpold Colleen E. , Lamb Jesse F. , Spear Adam H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEcosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) remains an aspirational goal for management throughout the world. One of the primary limitations of EBFM is the incorporation of basic lower trophic level information, particularly for zooplankton, despite the importance of zooplankton to fish. The generation of zooplankton abundance estimates requires significant time and expertise to generate. The rapid zooplankton assessment (RZA) is introduced as a tool whereby nontaxonomic experts may produce rapid zooplankton counts shipboard that can be applied to management in near real time. Zooplankton are rapidly counted shipboard and placed into three broad groups of zooplankton relevant to higher trophic levels: large copepods (> 2 mm), small copepods (< 2 mm), and euphausiids. A Bayesian, hierarchical linear regression modeling approach was used to validate the relationship between RZA abundances and laboratory‐processed abundances to ensure the rapid method is a reliable indicator. Additional factors likely to impact the accuracy of the RZA abundance predictions were added to the initial regression model: RZA sorter, survey, season, and large marine ecosystem (Bering Sea, Chukchi/Beaufort Sea, and Gulf of Alaska). We tested models that included the random effect of sorter nested within survey, which improved fits for both large copepods (Bayes R2 = 0.80) and euphausiids (Bayes R2 = 0.84). These factors also improved the fit for small copepods when the fixed effect of season was also included (Bayes R2 = 0.65). Additional RZA data were used to predict laboratory‐processed abundances for each zooplankton category and the results were consistent with model training data: large copepods (Bayes R2 = 0.80), small copepods (Bayes R2 = 0.64), and euphausiids (Bayes R2 = 0.88). The Bayesian models were therefore able to predict laboratory‐processed abundances with an associated error when accounting for these fixed and random effects. To demonstrate the utility of zooplankton data in management, zooplankton time series from the Bering Sea shelf were shown to vary in relation to warm and cold conditions. This variability impacted commercially important fish, notably Walleye Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), and these time series were used by managers using a risk table approach. The RZA method provides a rapid zooplankton population estimation in near real time that can be applied to the management process quickly, thus helping to fill a gap in EBFM.
Advanced Biofuel Value Chains Sourced by New Cropping Systems With Low iLUC Risk
Authors: Parenti Andrea , Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Dussan Karla , López‐Contreras Ana M. , de Vrije Truus , Staritsky Igor , Elbersen Berien , Annevelink Bert , Di Fulvio Fulvio , Oehmichen Katja , Dögnitz Niels , Monti Andrea 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing lignocellulosic feedstock for advanced biofuels can tackle the decarbonization of the transport sector. Dedicated biomass produced alongside food systems with low indirect land use change (iLUC) impact can broaden the feedstock availability, thus streamlining the supply chains. The objective of this study was the design and evaluation of advanced ethanol value chains for the Emilia‐Romagna region based on low iLUC feedstock. Two dedicated lignocellulosic crops (biomass sorghum and sunn hemp) were evaluated in double cropping systems alongside food crop residues (corn stover and wheat straw) as sources to simulate the value chains. A parcel‐level regional analysis was carried out, then the LocaGIStics2.0 model was used for the spatial design and review of the biomass delivery chain options regarding cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the different feedstock mixes. Literature data on bioethanol production from similar feedstocks were used to estimate yields, process costs, and GHG emissions of a biorefinery process based on these biomasses. Within the chain options, GHG emissions were overly sensitive to cultivation input, mostly N‐fertilization. This considered, GHG emissions resulted similar across different feedstock with straw/stover (averaging 13 g CO2eq MJ−1 fuel), sunn hemp (14 g CO2eq MJ−1 fuel), and biomass sorghum (16 g CO2eq MJ−1 fuel). On the other hand, the bioethanol produced from biomass sorghum (608 € Mg−1 of bioethanol) was cheaper compared with straw (632 € Mg−1), sunn hemp (672 € Mg−1), and stover (710 € Mg−1). The bioethanol cost ranged from 0.0017 to 0.020 € MJ−1 fuel depending on the feedstock, with operations and maintenance impacting up to 90% of the final cost. In summary, a single bioethanol plant with an annual capacity of 250,000 Mg of biomass could replace from 5% to 7% of the Emilia‐Romagna's ethanol fuel consumption, depending on the applied sourcing scenario.
GGR Handbook of Rock and Mineral Analysis Chapter 1 (Part 2) Sampling as Part of the Measurement Process
Authors: Ramsey Michael H. 
Published: November 2024

This chapter (Sampling as Part of the Measurement Process) is a contribution to the Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research Handbook of Rock and Mineral Analysis – an online textbook that is a fully revised and updated edition of A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis (P. J. Potts, 1987, Blackie, Glasgow).Chapter 1 (Part 2) forms part of Section 1 of the handbook dealing with fundamentals of measurement and instrument design. The geochemical measurement process is considered to begin when the primary sample is taken from the sampling target, rather than when that sample arrives at the laboratory. This integration of sampling within the measurement procedure enables both sampling and chemical analysis to be optimised in order to achieve a measurement procedure that is fit for its intended geochemical purpose. The key metric in judging this fitness for purpose, and hence validating a measurement procedure, is the uncertainty of each measurement value. This measurement uncertainty is explained, together with methods to estimate and express it in a way that includes the contribution from sampling, with a worked example. The resultant more realistic estimates of measurement uncertainty are shown to improve the reliability of the geochemical interpretation of measurement values.