bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct quantitative material decomposition employing grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT
Authors: Braig Eva , Böhm Jessica , Dierolf Martin , Jud Christoph , Günther Benedikt , Mechlem Korbinian , Allner Sebastian , Sellerer Thorsten , Achterhold Klaus , Gleich Bernhard , Noël Peter , Pfeiffer Daniela , Rummeny Ernst , Herzen Julia , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDual-energy CT has opened up a new level of quantitative X-ray imaging for many diagnostic applications. The energy dependence of the X-ray attenuation is the key to quantitative material decomposition of the volume under investigation. This material decomposition allows the calculation of virtual native images in contrast enhanced angiography, virtual monoenergetic images for beam-hardening artifact reduction and quantitative material maps, among others. These visualizations have been proven beneficial for various diagnostic questions. Here, we demonstrate a new method of ‘virtual dual-energy CT’ employing grating-based phase-contrast for quantitative material decomposition. Analogue to the measurement at two different energies, the applied phase-contrast measurement approach yields dual information in form of a phase-shift and an attenuation image. Based on these two image channels, all known dual-energy applications can be demonstrated with our technique. While still in a preclinical state, the method features the important advantages of direct access to the electron density via the phase image, simultaneous availability of the conventional attenuation image at the full energy spectrum and therefore inherently registered image channels. The transfer of this signal extraction approach to phase-contrast data multiplies the diagnostic information gained within a single CT acquisition. The method is demonstrated with a phantom consisting of exemplary solid and fluid materials as well as a chicken heart with an iodine filled tube simulating a vessel. For this first demonstration all measurements have been conducted at a compact laser-undulator synchrotron X-ray source with a tunable X-ray energy and a narrow spectral bandwidth, to validate the quantitativeness of the processing approach.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals transformation pathways and metabolic response of the earthworm Perionyx excavatus after exposure to triphenyl phosphate
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Xulei , Laserna Anna Karen Carrasco , Li Sam Fong Yau 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTriphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is one of the most highly utilized organophosphorus flame retardants, and has been frequently detected in various environmental matrices, including soil. So far, limited information is known regarding the potential toxicity of TPHP to the earthworm-soil ecosystem. We investigated the metabolism of TPHP and the perturbation of the endogenous metabolome in the earthworm, Perionyx excavatus, using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QTOF)-based untargeted metabolomics approach after acute exposure to TPHP for one and two days through a filter paper contact test, as well as after chronic exposure for 28 days in a soil microcosm experiment. TPHP showed low bioaccumulation potential in the earthworm-soil ecosystem at concentrations of 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. Identified phase I metabolites include diphenyl phosphate, mono-hydroxylated and di-hydroxylated TPHP. Two groups of phase II metabolites, thiol conjugates (including mercaptolactic acid, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and mercaptoethanol conjugates) and glucoside conjugates (including glucoside, glucoside-phosphate, and C14H19O10P conjugates), were putatively identified. Only acute TPHP exposure caused significant perturbations of the endogenous metabolome in earthworms, featuring fluctuations in amino acids, glucose, inosine and phospholipids. These results reveal novel phase II metabolism and toxicity of TPHP in P. excavatus.
A Novel Design of a Plate for Posterolateral Tibial Plateau Fractures Through Traditional Anterolateral Approach
Authors: Ren Dong , Liu Yueju , Lu Jian , Xu Runtao , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiomechanical performance of a newly designed plate for treating posterolateral tibial plateau fractures was compared with three traditional internal fixation devices using finite element analysis (FEA) and biomechanical experiments. Forty synthetic tibias were used to create posterolateral shearing tibial fracture models, which were randomly assigned to groups A–D. The fragments were fixed with two 6.5-mm lag screws (group A), the newly designed plate (group B), a 3.5-mm lateral locking plate (group C), and a posterolateral buttress plate (group D). In the biomechanical experiment, vertical displacement of the posterolateral fragments was measured under axial loads of 500–1500 N. In the FEA, vertical displacement of the posterolateral fragments and stress distribution and maximum stress of each internal fixation were measured under axial loads of 250–750 N. Biomechanically, collective ranges of vertical displacements in the four groups were 0.356 ± 0.089–1.055 ± 0.023 mm at 500 N axial load, 0.651 ± 0.062–1.525 ± 0.03 mm at 1000 N, and 0.903 ± 0.077–1.796 ± 0.04 mm at 1500 N. Differences between the four groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05), except for groups B and C at 1500 N. FEA showed that collective ranges of vertical displacements in the four groups were 0.290–1.425 mm at of 250 N axial load, 0.580–1.680 mm at 500 N, 1.067–1.818 mm at 750 N. Maximum stress of groups A–D were, respectively, 321.940, 132.660, 100.383, and 321.940 MPa under 250 N axial load. Maximum stress of all four internal fixations increased, and the overall trends at 500 and 750 N were consistent with that at 250 N. Posterior, straight fixation was the most reliable. Fixation with the lag screw was least reliable. The new plate and 3.5-mm lateral locking plate exhibited similar control over fragment displacement. The newly designed plate was stable and reliable, indicating its suitability for clinical application.
Evaluation of Microclimatic Detection by a Wireless Sensor Network in Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Jin Jiaxin , Wang Ying , Jiang Hong , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTimely and accurate detection of microclimates is extremely valuable for monitoring and stimulating exchanges of mass and energy in forest ecosystems under climate change. Recently, the rapid growth of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has provided a new approach for detecting microclimates in a complex environment at multiple temporal and spatial scales. However, applications of wireless sensors in forest microclimate monitoring have rarely been studied, and the corresponding observation accuracy, error sources and correction methods are not well understood. In this study, through field experiments in two typical subtropical forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China, the accuracy of the temperature and humidity observed by the wireless sensors was evaluated against standard meteorological data. Furthermore, the observation error sources were analyzed and corresponding correction models were established. The results showed that the wireless sensor-based temperature and humidity values performed well within the total observation accuracy. However, the observation errors varied with season, daily periodicity and weather conditions. For temperature, the wireless sensor observations were overestimated during the daytime while they were underestimated during the nighttime. For humidity, the data observed by the wireless sensors generally appeared as overestimates. Adopting humidity as the corrected factor, correction models were established and effectively improved the accuracy of the microclimatic data observed by the wireless sensors. Notably, our error analysis demonstrated that the observation errors may be associated with the shell material of the wireless sensor, suggesting that shading measures for the wireless sensors should be considered for outdoor work.
Circulating FABP4 is eliminated by the kidney via glomerular filtration followed by megalin-mediated reabsorption
Authors: Shrestha Suman , Sunaga Hiroaki , Hanaoka Hirofumi , Yamaguchi Aiko , Kuwahara Shoji , Umbarawan Yogi , Nakajima Kiyomi , Machida Tetsuo , Murakami Masami , Saito Akihiko , Tsushima Yoshito , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Iso Tatsuya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCirculating fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), secreted from adipocytes, is a potential biomarker for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Circulating FABP4 levels are positively associated with adiposity and adrenergic stimulation, but negatively with renal function. In this study, we addressed the issue of how the kidney regulates clearance of circulating FABP4. Tracing study revealed remarkable accumulation of 125I-labeled FABP4 in the kidney. Exogenous FABP4 was exclusively detected in the apical membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). Bilateral nephrectomy resulted in marked elevation of circulating FABP4 levels. Accelerated lipolysis by β-3 adrenergic stimulation led to a marked elevation in circulating FABP4 in mice with severe renal dysfunction. Megalin, an endocytic receptor expressed in PTECs, plays a major role in reabsorption of proteins filtered through glomeruli. Quartz-crystal microbalance study revealed that FABP4 binds to megalin. In kidney-specific megalin knockout mice, a large amount of FABP4 was excreted in urine while circulating FABP4 levels were significantly reduced. Our data suggest that circulating FABP4 is processed by the kidney via the glomerular filtration followed by megalin-mediated reabsorption. Thus, it is likely that circulating FABP4 levels are determined mainly by balance between secretion rate of FABP4 from adipocytes and clearance rate of the kidney.
Confinement and asymptotic freedom with Cooper pairs
Authors: Diamantini M. C. , Trugenberger C. A. , Vinokur V. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the most profound aspects of the standard model of particle physics, the mechanism of confinement binding quarks into hadrons, is not sufficiently understood. The only known semiclassical mechanism of confinement, mediated by chromo-electric strings in a condensate of magnetic monopoles still lacks experimental evidence. Here we show that the infinite resistance superinsulating state, which emerges on the insulating side of the superconductor-insulator transition in superconducting films offers a realization of confinement that allows for a direct experimental access. We find that superinsulators realize a single-color version of quantum chromodynamics and establish the mapping of quarks onto Cooper pairs. We reveal that the mechanism of superinsulation is the linear binding of Cooper pairs into neutral “mesons” by electric strings. Our findings offer a powerful laboratory for exploring and testing the fundamental implications of confinement, asymptotic freedom, and related quantum chromodynamics phenomena via desktop experiments on superconductors.
Three‐phase ripple free DCM boost converter with low THD
Authors: Foroozeshfar Reza , Adib Ehsan 
Published: October 2018

High total harmonic distortion (THD) and ripple of input current are the two main disadvantages of a single switch discontinuous current mode boost power factor correction (PFC) converter. In this study, THD and input current ripple of conventional DCM boost converter are improved. Reduction of input current THD is achieved by reducing the discharge time of input inductors using magnetic switch concept. Input inductors currents are discharged with a voltage equal to twice of output voltage instead of the output voltage. Also, high input current ripple in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) operation is solved by using an additional input inductor–capacitor (LC) filter in the conventional converter. This will result in extra weight and volume of the converter. To eliminate the required additional inductors for implementation of the mentioned input LC filter, a ripple cancellation cell using coupled inductors is used and by adjusting mutual inductance in a proper manner, very low input current ripple is achieved. Results from a 400 W prototype converter are presented. Input current THD is below 8% for a wide range of input voltage. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed converter is compared with conventional DCM boost PFC converter under the same input current THD. Although the proposed converter applies two switches, the total switching and conduction losses are reduced considerably.
Hydrostatic mass profiles in X-COP galaxy clusters
Authors: Ettori S. , Ghirardini V. , Eckert D. , Pointecouteau E. , Gastaldello F. , Sereno M. , Gaspari M. , Ghizzardi S. , Roncarelli M. , Rossetti M. 
Published: October 2018

Aims.We present the reconstruction of hydrostatic mass profiles in 13 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters that have been mapped in their X-ray and Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) signals out toR200for theXMM-NewtonCluster Outskirts Project (X-COP).Methods.Using profiles of the gas temperature, density, and pressure that have been spatially resolved out to median values of 0.9R500, 1.8R500, and 2.3R500, respectively, we are able to recover the hydrostatic gravitating mass profile with several methods and using different mass models.Results.The hydrostatic masses are recovered with a relative (statistical) median error of 3% atR500and 6% atR200. By using several different methods to solve the equation of the hydrostatic equilibrium, we evaluate some of the systematic uncertainties to be of the order of 5% at bothR500andR200. A Navarro-Frenk-White profile provides the best-fit in 9 cases out of 13; the remaining 4 cases do not show a statistically significant tension with it. The distribution of the mass concentration follows the correlations with the total mass predicted from numerical simulations with a scatter of 0.18 dex, with an intrinsic scatter on the hydrostatic masses of 0.15 dex. We compare them with the estimates of the total gravitational mass obtained through X-ray scaling relations applied toYX, gas fraction, andYSZ, and from weak lensing and galaxy dynamics techniques, and measure a substantial agreement with the results from scaling laws, from WL at bothR500andR200(with differences below 15%), from cluster velocity dispersions. Instead, we find a significant tension with the caustic masses that tend to underestimate the hydrostatic masses by 40% atR200. We also compare these measurements with predictions from alternative models to the cold dark matter, like the emergent gravity and MOND scenarios, confirming that the latter underestimates hydrostatic masses by 40% atR1000, with a decreasing tension as the radius increases, and reaches ∼15% atR200, whereas the former reproducesM500within 10%, but overestimatesM200by about 20%.Conclusions.The unprecedented accuracy of these hydrostatic mass profiles out toR200allows us to assess the level of systematic errors in the hydrostatic mass reconstruction method, to evaluate the intrinsic scatter in the NFWc − Mrelation, and to robustly quantify differences among different mass models, different mass proxies, and different gravity scenarios.
TOPoS
Authors: François P. , Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Spite M. , Spite F. , Cayrel R. , Christlieb N. , Gallagher A. J. , Klessen R. , Koch A. , Ludwig H.-G. , Monaco L. , Plez B. , Steffen M. , Zaggia S. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Extremely metal-poor stars are keys to understand the early evolution of our Galaxy. The ESO large programme TOPoS has been tailored to analyse a new set of metal-poor turn-off stars, whereas most of the previously known extremely metal-poor stars are giant stars.
Aims. Sixty five turn-off stars (preselected from SDSS spectra) have been observed with the X-shooter spectrograph at the ESO VLT Unit Telescope 2, to derive accurate and detailed abundances of magnesium, silicon, calcium, iron, strontium and barium.
Methods. We analysed medium-resolution spectra (R ≃ 10 000) obtained with the ESO X-shooter spectrograph and computed the abundances of several α and neutron-capture elements using standard one-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium (1D LTE) model atmospheres.
Results. Our results confirms the super-solar [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe] ratios in metal-poor turn-off stars as observed in metal-poor giant stars. We found a significant spread of the [α/Fe] ratios with several stars showing subsolar [Ca/Fe] ratios. We could measure the abundance of strontium in 12 stars of the sample, leading to abundance ratios [Sr/Fe] around the Solar value. We detected barium in two stars of the sample. One of the stars (SDSS J114424−004658) shows both very high [Ba/Fe] and [Sr/Fe] abundance ratios (>1 dex).
keV sterile neutrino with large mixing angle is still alive
Authors: Chudaykin Anton 
Published: October 2018

We study production of keV scale sterile neutrinos with large mixing with the Standard Model sector [1]. Conventional mechanism of sterile neutrino generation in the early Universe leads to overproduction of the Dark Matter and strong X-ray signal from sterile neutrino decay. It makes anticipated groundbased experiments on direct searches of sterile-active mixing unfeasible. We argue that for models with a hidden sector coupled to the sterile neutrinos cosmological and astrophysical constraints can be significantly alleviated. In developed scenario a phase transition in the hidden sector modifies the standard oscillation picture and leads to significantly larger mixing angles, thus opening new perspectives for future neutrino experiments such as Troitsk v-mass and KATRIN.
This work was made in collaboration with Fedor Bezrukov and Dmitry Gorbunov.
S2k-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Verlaufskontrolle des Diabetes mellitus im Alter
Authors: Bahrmann Anke , Bahrmann Philipp , Baumann Jeannette , Bauer Jürgen , Brückel Elke , Dreyer Manfred , Freitag Michael , Friedl Alexander , Gölz Stefan , Grundke Susanne , Hiddemann Sonja , Hodeck Katja , Kern Werner , Kintscher Ulrich , Kubiak Thomas , Kulzer Bernhard , Lee-Barkey Young , Lobmann Ralf , Marx Nikolaus , Schröder Frank , Tombek Astrid , Uebel Til , Wernecke Jürgen , Zeyfang Andrej 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Diabetesprävalenz liegt in der Altersgruppe ab 80 Jahren bei über 30 %. Bei der Diagnostik und Therapie älterer Menschen mit Typ-1- und Typ-2 Diabetes müssen altersspezifische Besonderheiten wie funktionelle und kognitive Einschränkungen sowie Komorbiditäten und Aspekte der Polypharmazie in besonderem Maße berücksichtigt werden. Die S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft wurde mit 6 weiteren Fachgesellschaften (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geriatrie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pflegewissenschaft, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin) und der Patientenvertretung (DBW) erarbeitet. Therapieziele wie Erhalt der Lebensqualität und strikte Vermeidung von Akutkomplikationen wie schwere Hypoglykämien treten in den Vordergrund. HbA1c-Ziele sollten gemeinsam mit den Patienten in Abhängigkeit der individuellen Wünsche und Fähigkeiten festgelegt werden. Altersspezifische Besonderheiten einzelner Medikamente müssen insbesondere im Kontext der Multimorbidität beachtet werden. In der Leitlinie werden pflegerische Aspekte, Schnittstellenmanagement, Schmerztherapie sowie häufige Komorbiditäten bei Diabetes wie Hypertonie, Frailty, Sarkopenie, Demenz, Depression, End-of-Life Situationen ausführlich dargestellt.
Hafer bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Zerm Roland , Kröz Matthias 
Published: October 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGHafer spielte viele Jahrzehnte lang eine wichtige Rolle in der diätetischen Therapie von Diabetes mellitus. Mit der Entdeckung des Insulins durch Frederick G. Banting und Charles H. Best 1921 und im weiteren Verlauf durch die Verbreitung oraler Antidiabetika geriet Hafer als Therapeutikum zunehmend in Vergessenheit. Doch in den vergangenen 15 Jahren erlebt er eine regelrechte Renaissance, insbesondere in der Behandlung der Insulinresistenz bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Standen zunächst die guten klinischen Erfahrungen im Vordergrund, konnten in den letzten Jahren immer mehr wissenschaftliche Daten zur Wirksamkeit sowie Erkenntnisse zu möglichen Wirkmechanismen auf molekularbiologischer Ebene gewonnen werden.
Narrative Expositionstherapie bei einem Flüchtling mit schwerer PTBS in der stationären Regelversorgung
Authors: Bichescu-Burian Dana , Tschöke Stefan , Borbé Raoul 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungChronisch verlaufende posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) erschweren die psychosoziale Integration von Flüchtlingen. Wir berichten über eine erfolgreiche narrative Expositionstherapie (NET) bei einem 42-jährigen Flüchtling aus Zentralafrika mit schwerer Psychopathologie, die mit Hilfe des stationären Settings möglich wurde. Der Therapieverlauf unterstreicht die Wirksamkeit und Notwendigkeit der Intervention auch bei komplizierten Fällen.
Diabetes-Technologie
Authors: Heinemann Lutz 
Published: October 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Rahmen einer optimalen Betreuung von Patienten mit Diabetes ist die Diabetes-Technologie (DT) heute eine tragende Säule. Im Fokus stehen vor allem Glukosemonitoring, Insulinapplikation und digitale Optionen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die verschiedenen DT-Themen kurz dar – auch in Hinsicht auf anstehende Aufgaben. Im Anschluss werden die diesbezüglichen Aktivitäten der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Diabetes & Technologie (AGDT) und der DDG vorgestellt.
Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of C20 Epimeric Ocotillol-Type Triterpenes and Protopanaxadiol
Authors: Zhang Jianqiang , Zhang Qian , Xu Yangrong , Li Huixiang , Zhao Fenglan , Wang Chaoming , Liu Zhi , Liu Pan , Liu Yanan , Meng Qingguo , Zhao Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGinseng is a perennial herb that contains various medicinal substances. The major active constituents of ginseng are ginsenosides, which have multifarious biological activities. Some pharmacological activities are closely dependent on the stereoisomers derived from the configuration at C20. In this study, the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C20 epimeric ocotillol-type triterpenes (2, 3, 9, and 10) and protopanaxadiol [20(S/R)-protopanaxadiol] were investigated. Epimers 2 and 3 were prepared starting from 20(S)-protopanaxadiol. Epimers 9 and 10 were synthesized from 20(R)-3-acetylprotopanaxadiol (7). The anti-inflammatory activity of 2, 3, 9, 10, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, and 20(R)-protopanaxadiol was evaluated in cultured mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity. RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to release the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 and anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10. The effect of the compounds on the overproduction of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 was determined using Griess and ELISA methods. The results demonstrated that the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of C20 epimeric ocotillol-type triterpenes and protopanaxadiol were different. Both the 20S-epimers (2 and 3) and 20R-epimers (9 and 10) inhibited the release of inflammatory mediator nitric oxide, while mainly the 20S-epimers inhibited the release of inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2, and the 20R-epimers inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Both the 20S-epimers [2, 3, and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol] and 20R-epimers [9, 10, and 20(R)-protopanaxadiol] inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, but mainly the 20S-epimers [2, 3, and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol] increased the release of anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10.