bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid 2D Dual‐Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Rui Kun , Zhao Guoqiang , Chen Yaping , Lin Yue , Zhou Qian , Chen Jiayi , Zhu Jixin , Sun Wenping , Huang Wei , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF‐derived nanostructures are recently emerging as promising catalysts for electrocatalysis applications. Herein, 2D MOFs nanosheets decorated with Fe‐MOF nanoparticles are synthesized and evaluated as the catalysts for water oxidation catalysis in alkaline medium. A dramatic enhancement of the catalytic activity is demonstrated by introduction of electrochemically inert Fe‐MOF nanoparticles onto active 2D MOFs nanosheets. In the case of active Ni‐MOF nanosheets (Ni‐MOF@Fe‐MOF), the overpotential is 265 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, which is lowered by ≈100 mV after hybridization due to the 2D nanosheet morphology and the synergistic effect between Ni active centers and Fe species. Similar performance improvement is also successfully demonstrated in the active NiCo‐MOF nanosheets. More importantly, the real catalytic active species in the hybrid Ni‐MOF@Fe‐MOF catalyst are unraveled. It is found that, NiO nanograins (≈5 nm) are formed in situ during oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process and act as OER active centers as well as building blocks of the porous nanosheet catalysts. These findings provide new insights into understanding MOF‐based catalysts for water oxidation catalysis, and also shed light on designing highly efficient MOF‐derived nanostructures for electrocatalysis.
Dynamic‐ and Light‐Switchable Self‐Assembled Plasmonic Metafilms
Authors: Cormier Sean , Ding Tao , Turek Vladimir , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLarge‐area dynamic switchable plasmonic metafilms composed of a network of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and the thermo‐responsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are self‐assembled by casting Au@PNIPAM core–shell nanoparticles. These dense plasmonic films present an unusual optical behavior arising from the macroscale effective medium response of the film and the microscopic interactions of the gold nanoparticles. Such intensely colored plasmonic metafilms can be thermally actuated across large areas via direct heating, allowing extraction of the tuning of the effective dielectric permittivity of this metamaterial. By contrast, local plasmonic heating by illuminating the Au NPs in these metafilms enables sub‐second and highly reversible contraction of the plasmonic metafilms, capable of pumping water. This work provides a paradigm for switchable metafilms and metasurfaces that can be harnessed for different applications such as sensing, imaging optics, and image displays.
The Effect of Polymorphism on the Kinetics of Adsorption and Degradation: A Case of Hydrogen Chloride Vapor on Cellulose
Authors: Niinivaara Elina , Arshath Shiek Abdullah Abdul , Nieminen Kaarlo , Bismarck Alexander , Kontturi Eero 
Published: April 2018

AbstractControl of the reactivity of natural polymers – such as semicrystalline cellulose – through polymorphic transitions is a potent, yet underexplored tool in modern polymer science. Here, the degradation behavior of three artificial cellulose polymorphs (cellulose II, IIII, and IIIII) in the presence of hydrogen chloride vapor is explored. While the ultimate results of hydrolyses correspond to those found for aqueous HCl, the kinetic scission models exhibit a unique trend for each polymorph, unlike those reported for aqueous acid or enzymatic hydrolyses. In addition to the polymorphic distinctions, these atypical trends are attributed to the nonequilibrium in the hydrolysis set up and the irregular adsorption of HCl molecules to the substrate surfaces. The results point to a new way of approaching the reactivity of natural polymers where polymorphism is regarded as one of the parameters for the kinetics and outcome of chemical reactions.
Electrical and Optical Properties of VO2 Polymorphic Films Grown Epitaxially on Y‐Stabilized ZrO2
Authors: Choi Songhee , Chang Sung‐Jin , Oh Junhyeob , Jang Jae Hyuck , Lee Shinbuhm 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) polymorphs have many interesting physical and chemical properties that are crystal‐structure dependent. It is reported that polymorphic (010)VO2(M1), (100)VO2(A), and (100)VO2(B) can be epitaxially grown on (001)‐, (011)‐, and (111)‐oriented Y‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), respectively. While VO2(M1) shows a typical metal–insulator transition near 68 °C, and VO2(B) exhibits insulating behavior, the resistivity of VO2(A) is lower by three orders of magnitude than that of (100)VO2(A) epitaxial films previously grown on (011)SrTiO3. Ellipsometry reveals that the bandgap of VO2(A) also decreases. Each VO2 polymorphic film grown on cost‐effective YSZ will be of great interest for numerous electronic and energy applications.
Electric Field–Induced Magnetization Rotation in Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Fluids
Authors: Gao Rongli , Xu Zhiyi , Bai Lang , Zhang Qingmei , Wang Zhenhua , Cai Wei , Chen Gang , Deng Xiaoling , Cao Xianlong , Luo Xiaodong , Fu Chunling 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultiferroics are of interest for applications as the magnetoelectric coupling effect between ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters. Here, an approach to control and switch the ferromagnetic orientation with an electric field using the multiferroic fluids is reported. A new multiferroic material, the so‐called magnetoelectric multiferroic fluids, has been prepared by distributing surface treated Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4@CoFe2O4 core–shell structured particles in to a highly insulating silicone oil. An electromagnetic coupling phenomenon is used that is manifested in core–shell structure consisting of a ferromagnetic Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 wrapped tightly with the ferroelectric BaTiO3 in the fluid, which is based on magnetoelectric coupling at the interface between a ferromagnet and the ferroelectric. Three general manifestations of the coupling interactions are discovered, the first is that the hysteresis loops tend to shift from the origin along the voltage axis toward the positive or positive direction, an exchange bias like behavior, a consequence of pinned effect; the second is an enhancement of the coercive field of the ferromagnet as a consequence of enhanced rotate drag effect; and the third one is the improved residual magnetization. The results imply that conventional core–shell structured multiferroic fluids may have an opportunity to gain electrical control of the magnetization.
Sodium‐Ion Battery Materials and Electrochemical Properties Reviewed
Authors: Chayambuka Kudakwashe , Mulder Grietus , Danilov Dmitri L. , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe demand for electrochemical energy storage technologies is rapidly increasing due to the proliferation of renewable energy sources and the emerging markets of grid‐scale battery applications. The properties of batteries are ideal for most electrical energy storage (EES) needs, yet, faced with resource constraints, the ability of current lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to match this overwhelming demand is uncertain. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are a novel class of batteries with similar performance characteristics to LIBs. Since they are composed of earth‐abundant elements, cheaper and utility scale battery modules can be assembled. As a result of the learning curve in the LIB technology, a phenomenal progression in material development has been realized in the SIB technology. In this review, innovative strategies used in SIB material development, and the electrochemical properties of anode, cathode, and electrolyte combinations are elucidated. Attractive performance characteristics are herein evidenced, based on comparative gravimetric and volumetric energy densities to state‐of‐the‐art LIBs. In addition, opportunities and challenges toward commercialization are herein discussed based on patent data trend analysis. With extensive industrial adaptations expected, the commercial prospects of SIBs look promising and this once discarded technology is set to play a major role in EES applications.
Greener, Nonhalogenated Solvent Systems for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yavari Mozhgan , Mazloum‐Ardakani Mohammad , Gholipour Somayeh , Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Taghavinia Nima , Grätzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Saliba Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAll current highest efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) use highly toxic, halogenated solvents, such as chlorobenzene (CB) or toluene (TLN), in an antisolvent step or as solvent for the hole transporter material (HTM). A more environmentally friendly antisolvent is highly desirable for decreasing chronic health risk. Here, the efficacy of anisole (ANS), as a greener antisolvent for highest efficiency PSCs, is investigated. The fabrication inside and outside of the glovebox showing high power conversion efficiencies of 19.9% and 15.5%, respectively. Importantly, a fully nonhalogenated solvent system is demonstrated where ANS is used as both the antisolvent and the solvent for the HTM. With this, state‐of‐the‐art efficiencies close to 20.5%, the highest to date without using toxic CB or TLN, are reached. Through scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis, photoluminescence, and X‐ray diffraction, it is shown that ANS results in similar mixed‐ion perovskite films under glovebox atmosphere as CB and TLN. This underlines that ANS is indeed a viable green solvent system for PSCs and should urgently be adopted by labs and companies to avoid systematic health risks for researchers and employees.
The analysis of correlation between frailty index and postoperative complications of aged patients with nodular goiter
Authors: Li Shuang , Nie Yue , Zhan Junkun , Wang Yanjiao , Huang Wu , Wang Yi , He Jieyu , Liu Youshuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the correlation between frailty index (FI) and postoperative complications of aged patients with nodular goiter (NG).MethodsA total of 120 aged patients with NG undergoing operative treatment from May 2013 to October 2015 in our hospital were selected. All of them were divided into 3 groups according to the FI as follows: nonfrail group (FI < 0.2), intermediately frail group (0.2 ≤ FI < 0.4), and frail group (FI ≥ 0.4). Clinical data of patients about general data, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, hospital stays, and postoperative complications were examined. Then, the correlations between the indexes above and FI were examined.ResultsFrailty index and the ASA classification have some relevance (r = .265, P = .007). The postoperative complication rates of total nonfrail group, intermediately frail group, and frail group were, respectively, 4 cases (11.4%), 11 cases (31.4%), and 24 cases (48.0%). With the increase in FI, the incidence of postoperative complications and hospital stays had also significantly increased. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve examining frailty's ability to forecast postoperative complications was 0. 815 (95% CI: 0.675‐0.954, P = .000).ConclusionThe level of frailty index is a risk factor for postoperative complications of aged patients with NG. The preoperative frailty index evaluation can provide reference evidence for the treatment of aged NG patients undergoing surgery.
Resource reallocation patterns within Sagittaria trifolia inflorescences following differential pollination
Authors: Dai Can , Luo Wen‐Jie , Gong Yan‐Bing , Liu Fan , Wang Zheng‐Xiang 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyUnderstanding resource allocation to reproduction, a key factor in life history tradeoffs, has long intrigued plant ecologists. Despite the recognized importance of understanding the movement of resources among flowers following variable pollination, the patterns of resource reallocation to plant reproductive organs have not been thoroughly addressed. In this study, we aimed to empirically explore how resources redistribute within inflorescences in response to differential pollination intensities.MethodsUsing a common herb, Sagittaria trifolia, we conducted supplemental and controlled pollination for single, some, or all flowers in simple and complex inflorescences, and compared their resulting fruiting probabilities, seed production, and average seed masses.Key ResultsPollen supplementation of a single flower significantly increased its fruiting probability; however, the same manipulation of an inflorescence did not increase its overall reproduction. Single pollen‐supplemented flowers had a higher percentage fruit set than inflorescences receiving supplemental pollination. In complex inflorescences, supplemental pollination had no effect on the reproductive success of flowers on the lateral or main branches.ConclusionsWe provided evidence of resource reallocation from controlled to pollen‐supplemented flowers in simple inflorescences; however, resources were unlikely to be reallocated between the main and lateral branches in the complex inflorescences, suggesting that flowering branches represent integrated physiological units in S. trifolia. The results also demonstrated that single‐flower supplemental pollination would exaggerate pollen limitation and lead to a biased understanding of a plant's reproductive status.
A matter of phylogenetic scale: Distinguishing incomplete lineage sorting from lateral gene transfer as the cause of gene tree discord in recent versus deep diversification histories
Authors: Knowles L. Lacey , Huang Huateng , Sukumaran Jeet , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyDiscordant gene trees are commonly encountered when sequences from thousands of loci are applied to estimate phylogenetic relationships. Several processes contribute to this discord. Yet, we have no methods that jointly model different sources of conflict when estimating phylogenies. An alternative to analyzing entire genomes or all the sequenced loci is to identify a subset of loci for phylogenetic analysis. If we can identify data partitions that are most likely to reflect descent from a common ancestor (i.e., discordant loci that indeed reflect incomplete lineage sorting [ILS], as opposed to some other process, such as lateral gene transfer [LGT]), we can analyze this subset using powerful coalescent‐based species‐tree approaches.MethodsTest data sets were simulated where discord among loci could arise from ILS and LGT. Data sets where analyzed using the newly developed program CLASSIPHY (Huang et al., ) to assess whether our ability to distinguish the cause of discord among loci varied when ILS and LGT occurred in the recent versus deep past and whether the accuracy of these inferences were affected by the mutational process.Key ResultsWe show that accuracy of probabilistic classification of individual loci by the cause of discord differed when ILS and LGT events occurred more recently compared with the distant past and that the signal‐to‐noise ratio arising from the mutational process contributes to difficulties in inferring LGT data partitions.ConclusionsWe discuss our findings in terms of the promise and limitations of identifying subsets of loci for species‐tree inference that will not violate the underlying coalescent model (i.e., data partitions in which ILS, and not LGT, contributes to discord). We also discuss the empirical implications of our work given the many recalcitrant nodes in the tree of life (e.g., origins of angiosperms, amniotes, or Neoaves), and recent arguments for concatenating loci.
Adipose Derived Stem Cells Reduce Fibrosis and Promote Nerve Regeneration in Rats
Authors: Di Summa Pietro G. , Schiraldi Luigi , Cherubino Mario , Oranges Carlo M. , Kalbermatten Daniel F. , Raffoul Wassim , Madduri Srinivas 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPeripheral nerve regeneration is critical and challenging in the adult humans. High level of collagen infiltration (i.e., scar tissue), in the niche of injury, impedes axonal regeneration and path finding. Unfortunately, studies focusing on the modulation of scar tissue in the nerves are scarce. To address part of this problem, we have evaluated the differentiated adipose derived stem cells (dASCs) for their antifibrotic and regenerative effects in a 10 mm nerve gap model in rats. Three different animal groups (N = 5) were treated with fibrin nerve conduits (empty), or seeded with dASCs (F + dASCs) and autograft, respectively. Histological analysis of regenerated nerves, at 12 weeks postoperatively, reveled the high levels of collagen infiltration (i.e., 21.5% ± 6.1% and 24.1% ± 2.9%) in the middle and distal segment of empty conduit groups in comparison with stem cells treated (16.6% ± 2.1% and 12.1% ± 2.9%) and autograft (15.0% ± 1.7% and 12.8% ± 1.0%) animals. Thus, the dASCs treatment resulted in significant reduction of fibrotic tissue formation. Consequently, enhanced axonal regeneration and remyelination was found in the animals treated with dASCs. Interestingly, these effects of dASCs appeared to be equivalent to that of autograft treatment. Thus, the dASCs hold great potential for preventing the scar tissue formation and for promoting nerve regeneration in the adult organisms. Future experiments will focus on the validation of these findings in a critical nerve injury model. Anat Rec, 301:1714–1721, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists
Minocycline Does Not Reduce the Regenerative Capacity of Peripheral Motor and Sensory Neurons after a Conditioning Injury in Mice
Authors: Sanchez‐Brualla Irene , Calls‐Cobos Aina , Udina Esther 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMinocycline has been reported to be both beneficial and detrimental for nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. By reducing the inflammatory response, minocycline administration reduces pain and has neuroprotective effects, but it also inhibits Wallerian degeneration in the distal stump, and reduces microglia and macrophages activity on motor and sensory neurons, which could reduce their intrinsic regenerative capacity. The aim of this study was to determine if the administration of minocycline after nerve injury inhibits the regenerative capacity of motoneurons and sensory neurons after a conditioning lesion. We used two groups of mice: a control group and a group treated with minocycline (30 mg kg−1 ip twice daily). We labeled motor and sensory neurons that had regenerated to a distance of 3 mm in a predegenerated graft, after a conditioning lesion. Our results indicate that minocycline administration is not detrimental for nerve regeneration. Indeed, it even promoted a slight, no significant increase 7 days after the nerve graft. These results indicate that minocycline, given at a dose able to reduce pain after peripheral nerve injury, does not interfere with the intrinsic growth capacity of injured peripheral neurons. Anat Rec, 301:1638–1645, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrodeposited Amorphous Tungsten‐doped Cobalt Oxide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nguyen Linh N. , Thuy Ung Thi Dieu , Truong Quang Duc , Honma Itaru , Nguyen Quang Liem , Tran Phong D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThin film of amorphous tungsten‐doped cobalt oxide (W:CoO) was successfully grown on a conducting electrode via an electrochemical oxidation process employing a [Co(WS4)2]2− deposition bath. The W:CoO catalyst displays an attractive performance for the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution. In an NaOH solution of pH 13, W:CoO operates with a moderate onset overpotential of 230 mV and requires 320 mV overpotential to generate a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2. A low Tafel slope of 45 mV decade−1 was determined, indicating a rapid O2‐evolving kinetics. The as‐prepared W:CoO belongs to the best cobalt oxide‐based catalysts ever reported for the oxygen evolution (OER) reaction.
Embedding Carbon Nitride into a Covalent Organic Framework with Enhanced Photocatalysis Performance
Authors: Pan Junquan , Guo Liping , Zhang Siquan , Wang Ning , Jin Shangbin , Tan Bien 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report a new strategy to construct porous carbon nitride (PCN) by embedding a heptazine unit–the primary building block of carbon nitride–into the backbone of a covalent organic framework (COF). The strategy results in a new type of PCN which bears a fibrous morphology, high surface area and wide visible absorption. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by photodegradation of an organic dye. We found that the introduction of the heptazine unit has a prominent effect on the catalytic activity, which demonstrates an effective strategy to prepare carbon nitride materials. This work opens up a new way for the preparation of carbon nitride for photocatalysis applications.
Robust Tracking Controller Design for a Class of Block Lower‐Triangular Systems
Authors: Pu Yuan , Shi Zongying , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA class of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) block lower‐triangular systems are considered with the dynamic and static uncertainties related to the states of the former subsystems. A design procedure of robust tracking controller is presented, which avoids the problem of the “explosion of complexity” and can be implemented very simply. The closed‐loop system possesses robust properties that, 1) all signals involved are semi‐global uniformly ultimately bounded for bounded differentiable reference inputs; 2) for given initial tracking errors and uncertainty boundary, controller parameters can be found to guarantee that the tracking errors can be smaller than a specific positive constant after a limited time. Two numerical instances are given at last.
Synchronization of Switched Neural Networks with Time‐varying Delays via Sampled‐data Control
Authors: Han Yuchen , Lian Jie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates sampled‐data synchronization control of switched neural networks with time‐varying delays under average dwell time. Based on the delay system method, the sampled‐data synchronization system is proposed with time‐varying delays and input delays in the unified framework for switched neural networks. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and free‐weighting matrix, the relationship between the average dwell time and the maximum sampling interval is revealed to form delay‐dependent exponentially synchronization criteria. The desired mode‐dependent controller under the maximum sampling interval and decay rate is designed. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed techniques.
How do cancer cells replenish their fuel supply?
Authors: Alameddine Abdallah K. , Conlin Frederick T. , Binnall Brian J. , Alameddine Yvonne A. , Alameddine Khaled O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMultiple genetic changes, availability of cellular nutrients and metabolic alterations play a pivotal role in oncogenesisAimsWe focus on cancer cell's metabolic properties, and we outline the cross talks between cellular oncogenic growth pathways in cancer metabolism. The review also provides a synopsis of the relevant cancer drugs targeting metabolic activities that are at various stages of clinical development.MethodsWe review literature published within the last decade to include select articles that have highlighted energy metabolism crucial to the development of cancer phenotypes.ResultsCancer cells maintain their potent metabolism and keep a balanced redox status by enhancing glycolysis and autophagy and rerouting Krebs cycle intermediates and products of β‐oxydation.ConclusionsThe processes underlying cancer pathogenesis are extremely complex and remain elusive. The new field of systems biology provides a mathematical framework in which these homeostatic dysregulation principles may be examined for better understanding of cancer phenotypes. Knowledge of key players in cancer‐related metabolic reprograming may pave the way for new therapeutic metabolism–targeted drugs and ultimately improve patient care.