bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopsychosocial approach to understanding resilience: Stress habituation and where to intervene
Authors: Bennett Jeanette M. , Rohleder Nicolas , Sturmberg Joachim P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundResilience in the face of adversity is a human experience that leads to better health, both mentally and physically. We briefly review its historical origins rooted in ecological biology and its adoption into health care. Resilience is the common response to adversity or potential traumatic events. Individual differences in emotion regulation and coping skills as well as social capital and one's physical environment influence a person's ability to achieve resilience.Proposed MechanismOne potential biopsychosocial measure of resilience includes stress habituation to repeated stress as demonstrated in the laboratory, possibly providing a tool to observe mastery of resilience training in the clinic. Evidence‐based interventions at the individual and small group level (eg, family, classroom) have successfully shown development of resilient behaviours and improved mental and physical health outcomes. However, the role of social context and public policy clearly influence an individual's ability to be resilient.ConclusionsDespite the current limited evidence of the effectiveness of resilience building interventions, clinicians, researchers, and other health care professions have an obligation to become advocates for laws and policies that support the most vulnerable, and least resilient, in our society to attain resilience for their health. This salutary effect will enable them to become socially as well as economically productive members of the community at large. It is not possible to remove stress or adversity from life, but we can influence the development of regulatory flexibility and decrease the sociocultural factors linked to the nonresilient experience, thus mitigating adversity's long‐term effects on health.
Salivary biomarkers and their efficacies as diagnostic tools for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gaba Fariah I. , Sheth Chirag C. , Veses Veronica 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMore than 90% of malignant tumors of the head and neck are oral squamous cell carcinomas. Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma using salivary biomarkers could prevent malignant transformations and enhance patient survival.MethodsA systematic search in MEDLINE and the Central Register of Controlled Trials and meta‐analysis were undertaken to identify the screening potential of six salivary biomarkers for early oral squamous cell carcinoma detection: interleukins IL‐8 and IL1‐β, DUSP‐1 and S100P messenger RNAs, and miR125a and miR200a microRNAs.ResultsThe sensitivities of IL‐8 (0.41; 95%CI 0.19‐0.99), IL1‐β (0.26; 95%CI 0.19‐0.99), DUSP‐1 (0.61; 95%CI 0.01‐0.98), and S100P (0.67; 95%CI 0.32‐0.99) were calculated. Specificities of the biomarkers analyzed were found to be IL‐8 (0.69; 95%CI 0.66‐0.99), IL1‐β (0.47; 95%CI 0.46‐0.90), DUSP‐1 (0.75; 95%CI 0.33‐1), and S100P (0.73; 95%CI 0.18‐0.99).ConclusionsEarly detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma was best achieved by screening for salivary messenger RNA DUSP‐1 and S100P. Further investigation is required into miRNAs as novel biomarkers.
Primary resistance of hepatitis B virus to nucleoside and nucleotide analogues
Authors: Chevaliez Stéphane , Rodriguez Christophe , Poiteau Lila , Soulier Alexandre , Donati Flora , Darty‐Mercier Mélanie , Pioche Corinne , Leroy Vincent , Brodard Véronique , Zoulim Fabien , Brouard Cécile , Larsen Christine , Semaille Caroline , Roudot‐Thoraval Françoise , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel ,   The Hepatology Reference Centers Laboratories Network for Chronic Hepatitis B Surveillance
Published: October 2018

SummaryNucleoside and nucleotide analogues (NUCs) targeting hepatitis B virus are capable of selecting resistant viruses upon long‐term administration as monotherapies. The prevalence of resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) and fitness‐associated substitutions at baseline of NUC therapy and their impact on treatment responses remain unknown. A total of 232 treatment‐naïve patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) consecutively referred for the first time to one of French reference centres were included. The nearly full‐length HBV reverse transcriptase was sequenced by means of deep sequencing, and the sequences were analysed. RASs were detected in 25% of treatment‐naïve patients, generally representing low proportions of the viral quasispecies. All amino acid positions known to be associated with HBV resistance to currently approved NUCs or with increased fitness of resistant variants were affected, except position 80. RASs at positions involved in lamivudine, telbivudine and adefovir resistance were the most frequently detected. All patients with RASs detectable by next‐generation sequencing at baseline who were treatment‐eligible and treated with currently recommended drugs achieved a virological response. The presence of pre‐existing HBV RASs has no impact on the outcome of therapy if potent drugs with a high barrier to resistance are used.
A qualitative study exploring infant feeding decision‐making between birth and 6 months among HIV‐positive mothers
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Jama Ngcwalisa Amanda , Haskins Lyn , Coutsoudis Anna , Spies Lenore 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite efforts to support breastfeeding for HIV‐positive mothers in South Africa, being HIV‐positive remains a barrier to initiating and sustaining breastfeeding. The aim was to explore decision‐making about infant feeding practices among HIV‐positive mothers in a rural and urban settings in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. HIV‐positive pregnant women were purposively sampled from one antenatal clinic in each setting. A qualitative longitudinal cohort design was employed, with monthly in‐depth interviews conducted over 6 months postdelivery. Data were analysed using framework analysis. We report findings from 11 HIV‐positive women within a larger cohort. Participants were aged between 15 and 41 years and were all on antiretroviral therapy. Before delivery, nine mothers intended to exclusively breastfeed (EBF) for 6 months, and two intended to exclusively formula feed (EFF). Three mothers successfully EBF for 6 months, whereas four had stopped breastfeeding, and two were mixed breastfeeding by 6 months. Mothers reported receiving strong advice from health workers (HWs) to EBF and made decisions based primarily on HWs advice, resisting contrary pressure from family or friends. The main motivation for EBF was to protect the child from HIV acquisition, but sometimes fear of mixed feeding led to mothers stopping breastfeeding entirely. Infant feeding messages from HWs advice were frequently inadequate and out of date, and failed to address mothers' challenges. Minimal support was provided for EFF. In conclusion, HWs play a pivotal role in providing infant feeding support to HIV infected mothers, but need regular updates to ensure if advice is correct and appropriate.
A human subcutaneous infection by Microascus ennothomasiorum sp. nov
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Beck‐Jendroschek Vera , Iturrieta‐González Isabel , Voss Karin , Gené Josepa 
Published: October 2018

SummaryA 60‐year‐old woman presented with a nodular granulomatous skin lesion on her right thumb. It had developed after inoculation of a splinter of wood. Because it was resistant to various therapies, the nodule was finally excised. Complete healing followed this surgery and a melanised filamentous fungus with scopulariopsis‐like morphology was recovered from the dermal tissue. Fitting with no known species, the fungus was subjected to extensive morphological, physiological and genetic investigations. It was characterised by resistance to cycloheximide, growth at 37°C, branched conidiophores with cylindrical annellides in brush‐like groups producing dark conidia in basipetal chains, and cleistothecia with ellipsoidal to slightly reniform ascospores. Genetically it clustered in a well‐supported clade together with Microascus (M.) brunneosporus, Microascus chinensis, Microascus intricatus, Microascus longicollis, Microascus micronesiensis and Microascus onychoides, but formed an independent branch distant from the other Microascus species. Based on its unique genetic characteristics and morphological findings, the isolate is proposed as a new species, Microascus ennothomasiorum. Morphologically it differs from its phylogenetically closest species by its branched conidiophores and ascomata with a peridium of textura intricata. Our observation once again emphasises that dermal granulomas can be caused by uncommon fungi; diagnostics should therefore include appropriate mycological investigations.
Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Lim S. S. , Kakoly N. S. , Tan J. W. J. , Fitzgerald G. , Bahri Khomami M. , Joham A. E. , Cooray S. D. , Misso M. L. , Norman R. J. , Harrison C. L. , Ranasinha S. , Teede H. J. , Moran L. J. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntroductionWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased risk of metabolic syndrome. The relative contribution of clinical, demographic or biochemical factors to metabolic syndrome in PCOS is not known. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and clinical trial registries. Of 4530 studies reviewed, 59 were included in the systematic review and 27 in the meta‐analysis and meta‐regression. In good and fair quality studies, women with PCOS had an overall increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio, OR 3.35, 95% confidence interval, CI 2.44, 4.59). Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome occurred in overweight or obese women with PCOS (OR 1.88, 95% 1.16, 3.04) but not in lean women (OR 1.45, 95% CI 0.35, 6.12). In meta‐regression analyses, the markers of metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria (waist circumference, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure), BMI, glucose tolerance (2‐hr oral glucose tolerance test) and surrogate markers of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) but not markers of reproductive dysfunction (sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, PCOS phenotypes) contributed significantly to the heterogeneity in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Women with PCOS have increased risk of metabolic syndrome which was associated with obesity and metabolic features but not with indices of hyperandrogenism.
Dental caries and developmental defects of enamel in individuals with chronic kidney disease: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Limeira Francisco Ivison Rodrigues , Yamauti Monica , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Galdino Tuélita Marques , de Magalhães Cláudia Silami , Abreu Lucas Guimarães 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate studies assessing the prevalence of dental caries and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in comparison with individuals without CKD.Materials and methodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline via Ovid, and ProQuest databases from their inception date until February 2018. Two review authors independently selected the studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality. Meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were included in this study. For permanent teeth, 14 studies found that individuals without CKD had higher dental caries scores than those with CKD. However, only five studies presented results with a statistically significant difference between groups. Among the studies evaluating primary teeth, five showed that individuals without CKD had higher dental caries scores than those with CKD. Five studies showed that individuals with CKD had a significantly higher prevalence of DDE than individuals without CKD. The meta‐analyses showed that individuals without CKD had significantly higher scores of dental caries teeth and surfaces than individuals with CKD. For DDE, no statistical difference between groups was observed.ConclusionsIndividuals with CKD present lower dental caries scores and a higher prevalence of DDE in comparison with individuals without CKD.
Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals that dehydrins ERD10 and ERD14 are phosphorylated by SNF1‐related protein kinase 2.10 in response to osmotic stress
Authors: Maszkowska Justyna , Dębski Janusz , Kulik Anna , Kistowski Michał , Bucholc Maria , Lichocka Małgorzata , Klimecka Maria , Sztatelman Olga , Szymańska Katarzyna Patrycja , Dadlez Michał , Dobrowolska Grażyna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSNF1‐related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) regulate the plant responses to abiotic stresses, especially water deficits. They are activated in plants subjected to osmotic stress, and some of them are additionally activated in response to enhanced concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) in plant cells. The SnRK2s that are activated in response to ABA are key elements of ABA signalling that regulate plant acclimation to environmental stresses and ABA‐dependent development. Much less is known about the SnRK2s that are not activated by ABA, albeit several studies have shown that these kinases are also involved in response to osmotic stress. Here, we show that one of the Arabidopsis thaliana ABA‐non‐activated SnRK2s, SnRK2.10, regulates not only the response to salinity but also the plant sensitivity to dehydration. Several potential SnRK2.10 targets phosphorylated in response to stress were identified by a phosphoproteomic approach, including the dehydrins ERD10 and ERD14. Their phosphorylation by SnRK2.10 was confirmed in vitro. Our data suggest that the phosphorylation of ERD14 within the S‐segment is involved in the regulation of dehydrin subcellular localization in response to stress.
Response to ustekinumab in three pediatric patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Aleisa Abdullah , Lim Yeun , Gordon Samantha , Her Min Ji , Zancanaro Pedro , Abudu Minawaer , Deverapalli Sandhya Chowdary , Madani Abdulaziz , Rosmarin David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is relatively common and can have a significant impact on quality of life, especially in a pediatric population. Currently available treatments are often ineffective or have poor safety profiles. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the Th1 pathway in the pathogenesis of AA, suggesting ustekinumab as a treatment modality for this disease. We present three pediatric AA patients who demonstrated hair regrowth after initiating ustekinumab.
Treatment of pediatric alopecia areata with anthralin: A retrospective study of 37 patients
Authors: Wu Sean Z. , Wang Sophie , Ratnaparkhi Rubina , Bergfeld Wilma F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesData on treatment options in pediatric alopecia areata are limited. Topical anthralin has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment option in adults and has minimal systemic toxicity. Prior results on its efficacy in children with alopecia areata have been mixed.MethodsMedical records of 37 patients with alopecia areata who were started on topical anthralin before age 17 were reviewed for efficacy and safety data. Scalp regrowth was quantified by serial photography if available or by medical record documentation if photographs were unavailable. Mean duration of clinical follow‐up was 2.5 years.ResultsMost patients were started on anthralin while continued on prior therapies, including topical corticosteroids, minoxidil, and/or intralesional corticosteroids. Twelve patients (32%) experienced complete scalp regrowth, while 25 patients (68%) experienced at least 50% maximal scalp regrowth with using anthralin. Of the patients with at least 50% scalp regrowth, mean time to first clinically observed response was 3.4 months. Mean time to maximal response was 15 months. Four patients stopped anthralin due to skin irritation. Relapses affected 64% of those with at least 50% maximal scalp regrowth.ConclusionsTopical anthralin provides children with alopecia areata an additional option that offers potential for significant scalp regrowth with minimal systemic effects. Treatment course may need to be continued for at least 1 year in order to achieve maximal efficacy. The efficacy of anthralin may be limited by high rate of recurrence and local adverse effects.
Balloon atrial septostomy in hypoplastic left heart syndrome with restrictive atrial septum
Authors: Fukushima Yosuke , Baba Kenji , Kondo Maiko , Kurita Yoshihiko , Eitoku Takahiro , Shigemitsu Yusuke , Hirai Kenta , Tsukahara Hirokazu , Iwasaki Tatsuo , Kasahara Shingo , Kotani Yasuhiro , Otsuki Shinichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRashkind balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) can be challenging in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and small atrial septal defect (ASD).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all infants with HLHS who underwent surgery and BAS between January 2006 and December 2015. The infants were divided into three groups: no BAS; catheter BAS; and open AS. Infants who underwent catheter BAS were divided into two groups based on atrial septal anatomy: standard and complex.ResultsOf the 70 patients, 57 (81%) underwent Glenn surgery. Subsequently, a significant difference in survival was observed: 86% (44/51), 91% (10/11), and 25% (2/8) in the no BAS, catheter BAS, and open AS groups, respectively (P = 0.0002). No significant difference was seen between the no BAS and the catheter BAS groups (P = 1.0). In the 56 patients who underwent catheterization after surgery, no intergroup differences in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, or pulmonary artery index were found. We classified catheter BAS into standard (n = 5) and complex (n = 5) based on ASD location, and septum thickness. All patients in the standard group underwent complete Rashkind BAS, but in the complex group, only one patient underwent complete Rashkind BAS, with the remaining requiring initial static BAS (P = 0.048). Following septostomy, ASD size, ASD flow, and percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsCatheter BAS is effective in infants with HLHS and a restrictive atrial septum. Infants with standard or complex atrial septum can achieve equivalent outcomes despite more patients often requiring static BAS.
Risk markers for later cardiovascular diseases in liver‐transplanted children and adolescents
Authors: Naeser Vibeke , Brandt Andreas Hjelm , Nyhuus Bo , Borgwardt Lise , Jørgensen Marianne Hørby , Rasmussen Allan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIncreased risk of cardiovascular diseases is well described after adult liver transplantation, whereas the risk in the pediatric population still is discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pediatric liver transplant recipients and whether measurements of carotid intima media thickness and pulse wave velocity were increased compared to healthy controls.MethodsWe included 42 pediatric liver transplantation recipients and examined them for markers of metabolic syndrome, liver fibrosis measured by shear wave velocity, body fat measured by DXA scans and carotid intima‐media thickness, and pulse wave velocity (n = 41 for the carotid scans). The ultrasound measurements of carotid intima‐media thickness and pulse wave velocity were also conducted on 82 healthy children and adolescents matched on height and age, respectively.ResultsParticipants had a median age of 13.03 years, and median time since transplantation was 8.54 years. Compared to healthy controls, liver‐transplanted patients had significantly increased intima‐media thickness measurements in both control groups whereas there was no significant difference with regard to pulse wave velocity. Two patients (6.25%) were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Within the group of liver‐transplanted pediatric patients, only elevated body mass index was associated with elevated carotid intima‐media thickness measurement. Elevated pulse wave velocity was only associated with abdominal obesity. Factors not significantly correlated with either were age, sex, metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, triglycerides, years since transplantation, fibrosis of the liver, body fat content, smoking habits, HDL cholesterol levels, hypertension, and mono‐drug versus multi‐drug therapies.ConclusionPediatric liver transplant recipients do have an increased risk of increased carotid intima‐media thickness.
On the Time‐Varying Relationship between Unemployment and Output: What shapes it?
Authors: Jalles João Tovar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper revisits, by means of both time series and panel data analyses, the empirical regularity popularized by Okun's (Proc Bus Econ Sect, 98‐103, 1962) seminal paper focusing on a sample of 20 advanced economies between 1978 and 2015. Not only do we provide arguably better estimates of the Okun's Law coefficient (OLC) (using the gap version) by employing a new filtering technique, but more importantly, we also contest the hypothesis that the OLC has been static over time. By estimating country‐specific time‐varying Okun coefficient models, we confirm that the unemployment‐output responsiveness has been changing over time. The dispersion between countries’ OLCs has been determined by some (structural) characteristics. The starting level of unemployment and the phase of the business cycle increase the estimated OLCs, while informality and certain labour and product market policies lower them. Our evidence sustains the fact that aggregate demand policies aiming at increasing output growth can equally contribute to the recovery in labour markets.
Facilitators to support the implementation of injury prevention training in youth handball: A concept mapping approach
Authors: Ageberg Eva , Bunke Sofia , Lucander Karolina , Nilsen Per , Donaldson Alex 
Published: October 2018

There is a need for research to identify effective implementation strategies for injury prevention training within real‐world community sports. The aim of this ecological participatory study was to identify facilitators, among stakeholders at multiple levels, that could help injury prevention training become part of regular training routines in youth team handball. Concept mapping, a mixed‐method approach for qualitative data collection and quantitative data analysis, was used. Stakeholders (n = 196) of two community team handball clubs (29% players, 13% coaches, 38% caregivers, 11% club, district and national handball administrators, 9% unknown) participated in a brainstorming process. After the research team synthesized the 235 generated statements, 50 stakeholders (34% players, 22% coaches, 24% caregivers, 20% administrators) sorted 89 unique facilitator statements into clusters and rated them for importance and feasibility. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis yielded five clusters (stress value 0.231): “Understanding and applying knowledge,” “Education, knowledge, and consistency,” “Set‐up and exercises,” “Inspiration, motivation, and routines,” and “Club policy and expert collaboration.” The cluster “Understanding and applying knowledge” had the highest mean importance (3.17 out of 4) and feasibility (2.93) ratings. The 32 statements rated as both highly important and feasible (Go‐zone) indicate action is required at the individual (end‐users) and organizational (policymakers) levels to implement injury prevention training. Results suggest that developing evidence‐based context‐specific injury prevention training, incorporating physiological, biomechanical and psychological components, and an associated context‐specific implementation plan in partnership with all stakeholders should be a high priority to facilitate the implementation of injury prevention training in youth team handball.