bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Sleep Parameters and Glaucoma in the United States Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Qiu Mary , Ramulu Pradeep Y. , Boland Michael V. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between glaucoma and sleep in United States adults.

Patients and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 6784 glaucoma patients from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who were aged 40 years and above, and completed the sleep survey. Predictors included sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep disorders, sleep disturbances, sleep medication use, and daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness. Outcomes included disc defined glaucoma (either right or left disc demonstrating glaucomatous features) and visual field defects (VFDs) assessed by Frequency-Doubling Technology perimetry.

Results:
The odds of disc defined glaucoma were 3 times higher among subjects who slept for ≥10 hours per night [odds ratio (OR), 3.3; confidence interval (CI), 1.3-8.5; P=0.01] compared with 7 hours per night. The odds of disc defined glaucoma were 2 times higher among subjects who fell asleep in ≤9 minutes (OR, 2.0; CI, 1.2-3.1; P<0.01) and ≥30 minutes (OR, 2.3; CI, 1.4-3.7; P<0.01) compared with 10 to 29 minutes. The odds of VFD were 3 times higher among subjects who slept for ≤3 hours per night (OR, 3.0; CI, 1.1-8.1; P=0.03) and ≥10 hours per night (OR, 3.4; CI, 1.5-7.7; P<0.01), compared with 7 hours per night. The odds of VFD were 2 times higher among subjects who had difficulty remembering things (OR, 2.0; CI, 1.3-2.9; P<0.01) and 3 times higher among subjects who had difficulty working on a hobby (OR, 3.0; CI, 1.5-6.1; P<0.01) due to daytime sleepiness compared with those without difficulty.

Conclusions:
This study revealed associations between glaucoma and abnormal sleep duration, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction; poor sleep parameters may be a risk factor for or a consequence of glaucoma.
No Acute Effect of Smoking on Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Healthy Middle-aged Smokers
Authors: Holló Gábor 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the acute effect of smoking on peripapillary and superficial parafoveal vessel density (VD) in healthy smokers.

Materials and Methods:
One eye each of 7 healthy smokers (age 40 y and above) was imaged using the Angiovue/RTvue-XR optical coherence tomography after a period of at least 2 hours without smoking (baseline) and 5, 30, and 90 minutes after smoking a cigarette of the brand usually smoked by each participant. In each session, 3 high-quality peripapillary and macular VD scans were acquired. The corresponding measurement results were averaged for each session, respectively.

Results:
The participants’ age was 45.7±7.1 years; the length of smoking 19.9±10.3 years; and the number of cigarettes per day 15.1±4.0. The image quality scores were high for both peripapillary and macular VD images (medians: 9.0 and 8.7) and did not change during the study (P≥0.196). At baseline peripapillary capillary VD, all-vessels VD and parafoveal VD were 52.4%±2.0%, 58.8%±2.5%, and 49.8%±1.6%, respectively. None of these parameters changed during the study period after smoking (P≥0.276). The relative change from the mean baseline VD values at the 3 timepoints after smoking ranged between −0.45% and 0.42%, −0.37% and 0.47%, and −0.13% and 2.0%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that VD values in healthy middle-aged smokers are not influenced either by acute smoking a cigarette or by the time elapsed since the most recent cigarette. This indicates that in long-term investigations for glaucomatous VD progression no control for smoking is needed, at least in the healthy control groups.
Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Change and Frequency of IOP Spike After Cataract Surgery in Normal-tension Glaucoma: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Seol Bo Ram , Shin Joo Young , Choi Sangkyung , Kang Tae Gu , Jeoung Jin Wook , Park Ki Ho 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the early-postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) changes and frequency of IOP spike after cataract surgery in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes and to compare them with those of nonglaucomatous eyes.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case-control study. We reviewed the medical records of patients who had undergone cataract surgery. One-to-one (1:1) case matching was performed, each matched set consisting of 1 NTG and 1 nonglaucomatous eye as the control eye. Comparisons between those 2 groups were performed. Specifically, IOP was measured preoperatively and 1 day, 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The incidence of IOP spike was evaluated according to the criteria of IOP higher than 21, 25, 30 mm Hg, higher than 5, 10 mm Hg over baseline IOP, and 50% above preoperative IOP.

Results:
A total of 298 eyes (149 NTG eyes and 149 control eyes) were enrolled. Preoperative IOP did not show any significant difference between the 2 groups (P=0.687). IOP significantly decreased in both the NTG and control groups [P<0.001, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)]. No significant differences in this regard were detected between the 2 groups (P=0.618, repeated-measures ANOVA). When IOP spike was evaluated according to the 6 criteria, the frequencies were <3% at any timepoint. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
In both the NTG and control groups, IOP gradually decreased in the early-postoperative period after cataract surgery, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. The frequency of IOP spike was <5% in both the NTG group and the control group.
Choroidal Microvascular Dropout in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma Eyes With Disc Hemorrhage
Authors: Rao Harsha L. , Sreenivasaiah Shruthi , Dixit Shivani , Riyazuddin Mohammed , Dasari Srilakshmi , Venugopal Jayasree P. , Pradhan Zia S. , Puttaiah Narendra K. , Devi Sathi , Mansouri Kaweh , Webers Carroll A.B. , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of choroidal microvascular dropout (CMvD) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes with and without disc hemorrhage (DH).

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 44 eyes of 44 control subjects, 32 eyes of 32 POAG patients with DH, and 41 eyes of 41 POAG patients without DH underwent visual fields (VFs), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Presence of CMvD was evaluated on the choroidal OCTA slab. VF defect in the glaucoma eyes were classified into initial nasal defect, initial parafoveal scotoma, and combined nasal and parafoveal defect.

Results:
CMvD was detected in 17 POAG eyes with DH (53.1%) and 13 POAG eyes without DH (31.7%; P=0.06). On univariate analysis, CMvD in POAG eyes was associated with DH [odds ratio (OR): 2.44, P=0.06] and measures of glaucoma severity: VF mean deviation (OR: 0.85, P=0.02), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (OR: 0.95, P=0.03), and peripapillary vessel density (OR: 0.94, P=0.09). On multivariate models that accounted for the measures of glaucoma severity, CMvD in POAG eyes was statistically significantly associated with DH (OR≥3, P<0.05). CMvD was more frequently seen in eyes with initial parafoveal scotoma than initial nasal defect both in POAG eyes with DH (P=0.06) and POAG eyes without DH (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Prevalence of CMvD was significantly greater in POAG eyes with DH compared with POAG eyes without DH. CMvD in POAG eyes was also significantly associated with central VF defects and greater severity of glaucomatous damage.
Ocular Hemodynamics in Acute Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Compared With Normal Tension Glaucoma
Authors: Kuerten David , Fuest Matthias , Bienert Marion , Walter Peter , Plange Niklas 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate ocular hemodynamics in patients with a disease believed to be related to a chronic vascular damage [ie, normal tension glaucoma (NTG)] in comparison with an entity with an acute ischemic impact on the optic nerve [ie, acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)].

Materials and Methods:
Blood-flow velocities [peak systolic velocity (PSV), enddiastolic velocity (EDV)] of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries were measured using color Doppler imaging. Resistive index (RI) of all vessels was calculated (PSV-EDV/PSV). A total of 41 patients suffering from acute NAION (onset of symptoms <10 d) and 64 age-matched patients suffering from NTG were included in this prospective study.

Results:
No significant differences were recorded for either age or intraocular pressure inbetween the 2 groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the NAION group, whereas no significant differences were recorded for the diastolic blood pressure. Only 3 color Doppler imaging parameters were found to differ significantly. The PSV (P<0.005) and EDV (P<0.02) in the CRA were significantly higher in NTG patients. Furthermore, the RI in the OA was significantly higher in the NAION patients (P<0.005).

Conclusions:
Decreased blood-flow velocities in the CRA and a higher RI in the OA can be recorded in NAION patients as compared with NTG. No differences with regard to the posterior ciliary arteries’ velocities were recorded. Ocular hemodynamics are suspected to play a critical role in NAION and NTG, whereas the blood-flow disturbances seem to be more severe in NAION than in NTG.
The paracetamol metabolite N-acetylp-benzoquinone imine reduces excitability in first- and second-order neurons of the pain pathway through actions on KV7 channels
Authors: Ray Sutirtha , Salzer Isabella , Kronschläger Mira T. , Boehm Stefan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) is one of the most frequently used analgesic agents worldwide. It is generally preferred over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs because it does not cause typical adverse effects resulting from the inhibition of cyclooxygenases, such as gastric ulcers. Nevertheless, inhibitory impact on these enzymes is claimed to contribute to paracetamols mechanisms of action which, therefore, remained controversial. Recently, the APAP metabolites N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404) and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) have been detected in the central nervous system after systemic APAP administration and were reported to mediate paracetamol effects. In contrast to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that rather support seizure activity, paracetamol provides anticonvulsant actions, and this dampening of neuronal activity may also form the basis for analgesic effects. Here, we reveal that the APAP metabolite NAPQI, but neither the parent compound nor the metabolite AM404, reduces membrane excitability in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn (SDH) neurons. The observed reduction of spike frequencies is accompanied by hyperpolarization in both sets of neurons. In parallel, NAPQI, but neither APAP nor AM404, increases currents through KV7 channels in DRG and SDH neurons, and the impact on neuronal excitability is absent if KV7 channels are blocked. Furthermore, NAPQI can revert the inhibitory action of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin on KV7 channels but does not affect synaptic transmission between DRG and SDH neurons. These results show that the paracetamol metabolite NAPQI dampens excitability of first- and second-order neurons of the pain pathway through an action on KV7 channels.
Dissemination and Implementation of Patient-centered Indicators of Pain Care Quality and Outcomes
Authors: Beck Susan L. , Dunton Nancy , Berry Patricia H. , Brant Jeannine M. , Guo Jia-Wen , Potter Catima , Spornitz Beth , Eaton Jacqueline , Wong Bob 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Previous approaches to measuring and improving nursing-sensitive, patient-centered metrics of pain quality and outcomes in hospitalized patients have been limited.

Methods:
In this translational research study, we disseminated and implemented pain quality indicators in 1611 medical and/or surgical, step-down, rehabilitation, critical access, and obstetrical (postpartum) units from 326 US hospitals participating in the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. Eligible patients were English-speaking adults in pain. Trained nurses collected patients’ perceptions via structured interview including 9 pain quality indicators, demographic, and clinical variables; these patient experience data were merged with unit and hospital level data. Analyses included geographic mapping; summary statistics and 3-level mixed effects modeling.

Results:
Hospitals in 45 states and District of Columbia participated. Of 22,293 screened patients, 15,012 were eligible; 82% verbally consented and participated. Pain prevalence was 72%. Participants were 59.4% female; ages ranged from 19 to 90+ (median: 59 y); 27.3% were nonwhite and 6.5% were Hispanic. Pain intensity on average over the past 24 hours was 6.03 (SD=2.45) on a 0–10 scale. 28.5% of patients were in severe pain frequently or constantly. Race (nonwhite), younger age, being female and nonsurgical were associated (P<0.001) with greater pain. Care quality indicators ranking lowest related to discussion of analgesic side effects and use of nonpharmacologic approaches.

Conclusions:
Unrelieved pain remains a high-volume problem. Individual factors and unit type were significantly associated with pain outcomes. Hospitals can employ these quality indicators to direct continuous quality improvement targeting pain care quality.
Affordable Care Act–dependent Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Young Adult Women With a Recent Live Birth
Authors: Li Rui , Bauman Brenda , D’Angelo Denise V. , Harrison Leslie L. , Warner Lee , Barfield Wanda D. , Cox Shanna 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The Affordable Care Act (ACA)-dependent coverage Provision (the Provision), implemented in 2010, extended family insurance coverage to adult children until age 26.

Objectives:
To examine the impact of the ACA Provision on insurance coverage and care among women with a recent live birth.

Research Design, Subjects, and Outcome Measures:
We conducted a difference-in-difference analysis to assess the effect of the Provision using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System among 22,599 women aged 19–25 (treatment group) and 22,361 women aged 27–31 years (control group). Outcomes include insurance coverage in the month before and during pregnancy, and at delivery, and receipt of timely prenatal care, a postpartum check-up, and postpartum contraceptive use.

Results:
Compared with the control group, the Provision was associated with a 4.7-percentage point decrease in being uninsured and a 5.9-percentage point increase in private insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy, and a 5.4-percentage point increase in private insurance coverage and a 5.9-percentage point decrease in Medicaid coverage during pregnancy, with similar changes in insurance coverage at delivery. Findings demonstrated a 3.6-percentage point increase in receipt of timely prenatal care, and no change in receipt of a postpartum check-up or postpartum contraceptive use.

Conclusions:
Among women with a recent live birth, the Provision was associated with a decreased likelihood of being uninsured and increased private insurance coverage in the month before pregnancy, a shift from Medicaid to private insurance coverage during pregnancy and at delivery, and an increased likelihood of receiving timely prenatal care.
Friendship in Adolescents and Young Adults With Experience of Cancer
Authors: Evered Jane A. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Friendship is a complex social phenomenon important to human development, emotional health, and socialization. While making and maintaining peer friends are an emphasized task of adolescent and young adult development, the multidimensional experience of friendship is incompletely defined, particularly in the context of adolescents and young adults with cancer.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of friendship more deeply and completely by breaking down and then rebuilding meaning in this phenomenon.

Methods
The author searched 8 databases for relevant literature and conducted a dimensional analysis of the textual data from articles found in database searches and theoretical sampling. Dimensional analysis was an inductive process of determining all the components and attributes of the friendship concept. The author broke down and built up the meaningful units of friendship until a story of friendship in adolescents and young adults with experience of cancer emerged.

Results
Data from 80 empirical and theoretical articles published from 2013 to 2018 formed the literature base for this dimensional analysis.

Conclusions
An explanatory matrix built from the perspective of “Time Marking” reveals contexts, conditions, processes, and consequences that together provide an explanation of the nature of friendship in this population.

Implications for Practice
This concept analysis, combined with the limitations of this inquiry, impels future empirical and theoretical research and implies preliminary clinical implications. In particular, the understanding of friendship as conceptually distinct from social support and the experience of friendships in narrative time suggest a need to reconceptualize supportive care services for adolescents and young adults who experience cancer.
Psychometric Evaluation of a Korean Version of the Cancer Survivors' Self-efficacy Scale
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Lee Bo Gyeong , Lee Ji Yeon , Kim Sei Joong , Hur Min Hee , Lee Moon Hee , Han Mi Sook 
Published: December 2018

Background
Self-efficacy has become the target outcome of many self-management interventions for cancer survivors. However, no measurement is available that can be used to measure cancer-specific self-efficacy in Korea.

Objective
The aim of this study was to cross-culturally evaluate the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the Cancer Survivors' Self-Efficacy Scale (CSSES-K).

Methods
We translated the original version of the CSSES (11 items) and created a Korean version. We then conducted a validation study with 204 cancer survivors who had completed their primary treatment. We conducted psychometric evaluation using item analysis, factorial construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis), hypothesis testing construct validity, and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α).

Results
Exploratory factor analysis revealed 2 subscales for which model fitting was appropriate—“self-efficacy for managing health problems” (5 items) and “self-efficacy for seeking help and support” (5 items). Hypothesis testing construct validity was confirmed showing significant moderate correlations between the CSSES-K and general self-efficacy (r = 0.511, P < .001), anxiety (r = −0.596, P < .001), depression (r = −0.554, P < .001), and health-related quality of life (r = 0.586, P < .001). The internal consistency of the CSSES-K of total scale and subscales was high (Cronbach's α = .86–.92).

Conclusions
The results supported that the CSSES-K was valid and reliable in measuring self-efficacy among Korean cancer survivors after cancer treatment.

Implications for Practice
Our findings suggest that the CSSES-K can be effectively used for measuring self-efficacy in Korean cancer survivors.
Implementing Universal Design Instruction in Doctor of Nursing Practice Education
Authors: Anderson Kelley M. , Davis Diane , McLaughlin Maureen Kirkpatrick 
Published: December 2018

Background
Faculty in Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs identify challenges of increased enrollment and variances in previous student educational preparation and professional experiences that require innovative approaches to curriculum transformation.

Purpose
This article informs nurse educators about the vibrant and inclusive approach of universal design for instruction (UDI), a framework to conceptualize and implement learning strategies in the DNP curriculum.

Approach
UDI is guided by 9 instructional principles that anticipate diverse learners and is intentionally inclusive of multiple ways of learning. Principles of UDI were synergized into several DNP didactic courses and the scholarly project process.

Conclusion
Integration of UDI into the DNP curriculum included precourse assessments, multiple modalities of content delivery, options to present acquired knowledge, and supporting the adult learner through the iterative work of the scholarly project.
Optimal Timing for Trichomonas vaginalis Test of Cure Using Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing
Authors: Craig-Kuhn Megan Clare , Granade Charleigh , Muzny Christina A. , Van Der Pol Barbara , Lillis Rebecca , Taylor Stephanie N. , Schmidt Norine , Martin David H. , Kissinger Patricia 
Published: December 2018

Background
The optimal timing for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) posttreatment for Trichomonas vaginalis has not been fully established. Testing too soon posttreatment may detect remnant nucleic acid that is not from viable organisms, falsely misclassifying person as infected. The purpose of this study was to examine how long T. vaginalis nucleic acid is detectable postmetronidazole (MTZ) treatment.

Methods
Women diagnosed with T. vaginalis treated with MTZ (2 g single-dose or 500 mg twice daily for 7 days multidose) self-collected a vaginal swab for NAAT at baseline and each week postcompletion of treatment through test of cure (TOC) at week 4, when a culture was also performed. Women who reported interim sexual exposure or who were culture positive at 4 weeks were excluded. Time to first negative NAAT was examined using Kaplan Meier analysis.

Results
All women receiving multidose metronidazole were NAAT-negative by 21 days and those receiving single dose by 28 days postcompletion of treatment. Though over half (60.7%) of the cohort reinitiated sex during follow-up¸ all reported using condoms during sex or that they and their partner were treated before sex. Six (6.7%) of 89 had a positive NAAT following their first negative NAAT.

Conclusions
The optimal timing for T. vaginalis retesting after completion of treatment is 3 weeks for those receiving multidose MTZ and 4 weeks for those receiving single-dose, though sexual reexposure and false negatives should be considered.
A Novel Technique
Authors: Sir Ender , Eksert Sami , Ince M. Emin , Simsek Fatih , Ozkan Gokhan , Eskin M. Burak 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Serratus anterior plane block has been used for pain management during the acute period of conditions affecting the thorax, such as postthoracotomy recovery, rib fracture, and breast surgery recovery. Here, we report the use of serratus anterior plane block in posttraumatic chronic pain treatment. We describe a case of posttraumatic chronic intercostal neuralgia, in which successful pain relief was achieved via repeated injections of local anesthetic and steroid combinations in the serratus anterior plane under ultrasonographic guidance. This novel technique is easy to administer, reliable, and warrants further investigation with regard to its use for rehabilitation of patients who are experiencing posttraumatic chronic neuropathies of the chest wall.