bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermally Modified Corn Starch Ingestion Attenuates Soccer Skill Performance Decrements in the Second Half of a Simulated Soccer Match
Authors: Quinones Manuel D. , Lemon Peter W.R. 
Published: February 2019

Hydrothermally modified non-genetically modified organisms corn starch (HMS) ingestion may enhance endurance exercise performance via sparing carbohydrate oxidation. To determine whether similar effects occur with high-intensity intermittent exercise, we investigated the effects of HMS ingestion prior to and at halftime on soccer skill performance and repeated sprint ability during the later stages of a simulated soccer match. In total, 11 male university varsity soccer players (height = 177.7 ± 6.8 cm, body mass = 77.3 ± 7.9 kg, age = 22 ± 3 years, body fat = 12.8 ± 4.9%, and maximal oxygen uptake = 57.1 ± 3.9 ml·kg BM−1·min−1) completed the match with HMS (8% carbohydrate containing a total of 0.7 g·kg BM−1·hr−1; 2.8 kcal·kg BM−1·hr−1) or isoenergetic dextrose. Blood glucose was lower (p < .001) with HMS at 15 min (5.3 vs. 7.7 mmol/L) and 30 min (5.6 vs. 8.3 mmol/L) following ingestion, there were no treatment differences in blood lactate, and the respiratory exchange ratio was lower with HMS at 15 min (0.84 vs. 0.86, p = .003); 30 min (0.83 vs. 0.85, p = .004); and 45 min (0.83 vs. 0.85, p = .007) of the first half. Repeated sprint performance was similar for both treatments (p > .05). Soccer dribbling time was slower with isoenergetic dextrose versus baseline (15.63 vs. 14.43 s, p < .05) but not so with HMS (15.04 vs. 14.43 s, p > .05). Furthermore, during the passing test, penalty time was reduced (4.27 vs. 7.73 s, p = .004) with HMS. During situations where glycogen availability is expected to become limiting, HMS ingestion prematch and at halftime could attenuate the decline in skill performance often seen late in contests.
The Effects of Statins on Physical Activity or Physical Fitness Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Gadowski Adelle , Owen Alice J. , Curtis Andrea , Nanayakkara Natalie , Heritier Stephane , Misso Marie , Zoungas Sophia 
Published: February 2019

This review examines the effects of statins on physical activity and/or fitness, as statins can have adverse muscle effects. A search was done of MEDLINE, Embase, and EBMR databases up to July 2018 for randomized controlled trials comparing statin with placebo or control, measuring physical activity and/or fitness in adults. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (total participants [N] = 2,944) were included, 6 randomized controlled trials contributed data for meta-analysis. Random effects meta-analysis examined differences in physical fitness, maximal exercise time (in seconds) in exercise testing, and maximal heart rate (in beats per minute) between statins and control. No significant difference between statin and control for maximal heart rate (mean difference = 2.8 beats per minute, 95% confidence interval [−7.4, 13.0]; p = .59) nor exercise time (mean difference = 82.8 s, 95% confidence interval [−31.9, 197.4]; p = .516) were seen. There were insufficient studies reporting habitual physical activity to perform a meta-analysis. This review found no evidence for an effect of statins on physical activity or fitness, but data availability is limited.
Effects of 12 Weeks of Tai Chi Intervention in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cruz-Díaz David , Kim Kyung-Min , Hita-Contreras Fidel , Bergamin Marco , Aibar-Almazán Agustin , Martínez-Amat Antonio 
Published: February 2019

Context: Tai Chi is a physical activity modality which is widely practiced over the world. The effectiveness of Tai Chi on postural control and balance has been described in older population, but until recently there are no studies that include patients with chronic ankle instability. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 weeks of Tai Chi intervention on dynamic balance and self-reported instability in patients with chronic ankle instability. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial was carried out. Setting: University physical therapy facility. Participants: Fifty-two participants were allocated to an intervention group (n = 26) based on Tai Chi training or a control group (n = 26) who received no intervention. Intervention: The participants completed 12 weeks of Tai Chi intervention (1 h session/2 times per week) or no intervention in the control group. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included postural control and self-reported instability feeling assessed by the Star Excursion Balance Test and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, respectively. Results: There was observed significant improvement in all Star Excursion Balance Test reach distances (anterior [F = 6.26, P < .01]; posteromedial [F = 9.58, P < .01], and posterolateral [F = 8.42, P < .01]) in the Tai Chi group with no change in the control group (P < .01). The intervention group demonstrated significant improvement on self-reported instability feeling assessed by the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool questionnaire (F = 21.36, P < .01). Conclusion: The obtained results suggested that 12 weeks of Tai Chi intervention have positive effects on postural control and self-reported instability feeling in patients with chronic ankle instability.
In-Service Teachers’ and Educational Assistants’ Professional Development Experiences for Inclusive Physical Education
Authors: Morrison Hayley , Gleddie Doug 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The objective of this study was to understand and learn about in-service teachers’ and educational assistants’ professional development (PD) experiences for inclusive physical education (IPE), individually and collaboratively.Method: Using a multiple case study design and hermeneutic inquiry, the experiences of three teachers and three educational assistants were investigated. Data sources included semistructured interviews, focus groups, observations, and researcher reflective journals.Results: The practitioners’ experiences with PD for IPE revealed the following major themes: (a) it is just not there: IPE-PD is rare, (b) taking initiative: maximizing consultants as IPE-PD, and (c) together we are better: desire for collaborative IPE-PD.Discussion/Conclusions: PD for IPE needs to be developed and implemented for teachers and educational assistants working as an instructional team together.Engaging these practitioners in collaborative IPE-PD can support their learning and the teaching of IPE and acts as a starting point to form communities of practice in IPE.
Symmetries in the Lorenz-96 Model
Authors: van Kekem Dirk L. , Sterk Alef E. 
Published: February 2019

The Lorenz-96 model is widely used as a test model for various applications, such as data assimilation methods. This symmetric model has the forcing [Formula: see text] and the dimension [Formula: see text] as parameters and is [Formula: see text]-equivariant. In this paper, we unravel its dynamics for [Formula: see text] using equivariant bifurcation theory. Symmetry gives rise to invariant subspaces that play an important role in this model. We exploit them in order to generalize results from a low dimension to all multiples of that dimension. We discuss symmetry for periodic orbits as well. Our analysis leads to proofs of the existence of pitchfork bifurcations for [Formula: see text] in specific dimensions [Formula: see text]: In all even dimensions, the equilibrium [Formula: see text] exhibits a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation. In dimensions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], a second supercritical pitchfork bifurcation occurs simultaneously for both equilibria originating from the previous one. Furthermore, numerical observations reveal that in dimension [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is odd, there is a finite cascade of exactly [Formula: see text] subsequent pitchfork bifurcations, whose bifurcation values are independent of [Formula: see text]. This structure is discussed and interpreted in light of the symmetries of the model.
MDM2 and MDM4 Are Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Howard Thomas P. , Arnoff Taylor E. , Song Melinda R. , Giacomelli Andrew O. , Wang Xiaofeng , Hong Andrew L. , Dharia Neekesh V. , Wang Su , Vazquez Francisca , Pham Minh-Tam , Morgan Ann M. , Wachter Franziska , Bird Gregory H. , Kugener Guillaume , Oberlick Elaine M. , Rees Matthew G. , Tiv Hong L. , Hwang Justin H. , Walsh Katherine H. , Cook April , Krill-Burger John M. , Tsherniak Aviad , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Park Peter J. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Walensky Loren D. , Hahn William C. , Roberts Charles W.M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are highly aggressive pediatric cancers that respond poorly to current therapies. In this study, we screened several MRT cell lines with large-scale RNAi, CRISPR-Cas9, and small-molecule libraries to identify potential drug targets specific for these cancers. We discovered MDM2 and MDM4, the canonical negative regulators of p53, as significant vulnerabilities. Using two compounds currently in clinical development, idasanutlin (MDM2-specific) and ATSP-7041 (MDM2/4-dual), we show that MRT cells were more sensitive than other p53 wild-type cancer cell lines to inhibition of MDM2 alone as well as dual inhibition of MDM2/4. These compounds caused significant upregulation of the p53 pathway in MRT cells, and sensitivity was ablated by CRISPR-Cas9–mediated inactivation of TP53. We show that loss of SMARCB1, a subunit of the SWI/SNF (BAF) complex mutated in nearly all MRTs, sensitized cells to MDM2 and MDM2/4 inhibition by enhancing p53-mediated apoptosis. Both MDM2 and MDM2/4 inhibition slowed MRT xenograft growth in vivo, with a 5-day idasanutlin pulse causing marked regression of all xenografts, including durable complete responses in 50% of mice. Together, these studies identify a genetic connection between mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and the tumor suppressor gene TP53 and provide preclinical evidence to support the targeting of MDM2 and MDM4 in this often-fatal pediatric cancer.

Significance:
This study identifies two targets, MDM2 and MDM4, as vulnerabilities in a deadly pediatric cancer and provides preclinical evidence that compounds inhibiting these proteins have therapeutic potential.
Conceição Evaristo: a reconstrução de uma identidade fragmentada em Becos da memória.
Authors: Champagnat Pauline 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo pretende investigar como uma identidade – no caso a identidade afro-brasileira – que, por força dos acontecimentos históricos foi fragmentada, pode buscar no recurso da literatura uma ferramenta para o resgate das suas “memórias subterrâneas”. O termo “diaspóra”, apesar de polêmico neste caso, pode ser usado para definir a migração forçada sofrida pelos africanos que viriam a ser escravos no Brasil. Seus descendentes, na busca dos fragmentos identitários perdidos, podem achar um início de resposta no resgate das “memórias subterrâneas” (Michael Pollak, 1993), como nós veremos em primeiro lugar. Em segundo lugar, pensaremos mais profundamente sobre a importância da memória coletiva de um grupo marginalizado para a reconstrução da sua identidade. Para terminar, falaremos sobre a necessidade de reescrita da história a partir de um ponto de vista renovado em Becos da Memória (2017), de Conceição Evaristo.
Mitochondrial Morphology, Dynamics, and Function in Human Pressure Overload or Ischemic Heart Disease With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Chaanine Antoine H. , Joyce Lyle D. , Stulak John M. , Maltais Simon , Joyce David L. , Dearani Joseph A. , Klaus Katherine , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Hajjar Roger J. , Redfield Margaret M. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a)-BNIP3 (B-cell lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3) pathway modulates mitochondrial dynamics and function and contributes to myocardial remodeling in rodent models of heart failure. We sought to investigate the expression of this pathway along with the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α]), dynamics (DRP-1 [dynamin-related protein 1], OPA-1 [optic atrophy 1], and MFN 2 [mitofusin 2]), and oxidative phosphorylation (citrate synthase and electron transport chain complexes) markers and COX IV (cytochrome C oxidase) activity in myocardium from patients with valvular or ischemic heart disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and Results:

Subepicardial left ventricular biopsies (10×1×1 mm
3
) were obtained at aortic valve replacement (HFpEF
AVR
, n=5; and HFrEF
AVR
, n=4), coronary artery bypass grafting (HFpEF
CABG
, n=5; and HFrEF
CABG
, n=5), or left ventricular assist device implantation (HFrEF
LVAD
, n=4). Subepicardial biopsies from patients with normal left ventricular function (n=2) and from donor hearts (n=3) served as controls (normal). Relative to normal, mitochondrial fragmentation and cristae destruction were evident, and mitochondrial area was decreased in HFpEF; 1.00±0.09 versus 0.71±0.08;
P
=0.016. These mitochondrial morphological changes were more pronounced in HFrEF (0.54±0.06);
P
=0.002 HFpEF versus HFrEF. BNIP3 (monomer+dimer) expression was increased in HFpEF (3.99±2.44) and in HFrEF (5.19±1.70) relative to normal;
P
=0.004 and
P
<0.001, respectively. However, BNIP3 monomer was increased in HFrEF (4.32±1.43) compared with normal (0.99±0.06) and HFpEF (1.97±0.90);
P
=0.001 and 0.004, respectively. The HFrEF group uniquely showed increase in DRP-1 expression (1.94±0.38) and decreases in PGC-1α expression (0.61±0.07) and COX IV activity (0.70±0.10) relative to normal;
P
=0.013,
P
<0.001, and
P
<0.001, respectively, with no significant change in electron transport chain complexes expression.

Conclusions:
These findings in human myocardium confirm studies in rodents where contractile dysfunction is associated with activation of the FOXO3a-BNIP3 pathway and altered mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and function.
Low Diastolic Blood Pressure is Not Related to Risk of First Episode of Stroke in a High‐Risk Population: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT
Authors: Sobieraj Piotr , Lewandowski Jacek , Siński Maciej , Symonides Bartosz , Gaciong Zbigniew 
Published: February 2019

Background

Hypertension is the most prevalent and leading risk factor for stroke. SPRINT (The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) assessed the effects on cardiovascular event risk of intensive compared with standard systolic blood pressure reduction. In this secondary analysis of
SPRINT
data, we investigated how low on‐treatment diastolic blood pressure (
DBP
) influenced risk for stroke events.

Methods and Results

For this analysis, we used
SPRINT
_
POP
(Primary Outcome Paper) Research Materials from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center. Data for 8944
SPRINT
participants were analyzed from the period after target blood pressure was achieved until the end of the trial. Overall, there were 110 stroke events, including 49 from the intensive‐treatment arm and 61 in the standard‐treatment group. In participants with
DBP
<70 mm Hg, stroke risk was higher than with
DBP
≥70 mm Hg (hazard ratio, 1.467; 95% CI 1.009–2.133;
P
=0.0445). Univariable Cox proportional hazard risk analysis showed that in the whole group, age and cardiovascular and chronic renal diseases were stroke risk factors. These risk factors were related to lower
DBP
and higher pulse pressure, however, not to study arm. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that only age, history of cardiovascular disease, current smoking status and on‐treatment systolic blood pressure were significantly related to stroke risk.

Conclusions

Low on‐treatment
DBP
is not related to the risk for the first stroke, in contrast to older age, the history of cardiovascular disease, current smoking status, and on‐treatment systolic blood pressure.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01206062.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Computed Tomography Before Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Provost Corentin , Soudant Marc , Legrand Laurence , Ben Hassen Wagih , Xie Yu , Soize Sébastien , Bourcier Romain , Benzakoun Joseph , Edjlali Myriam , Boulouis Grégoire , Raoult Hélène , Guillemin Francis , Naggara Olivier , Bracard Serge , Oppenheim Catherine 
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—
The acute management of stroke patients requires a fast and efficient screening imaging modality. We compared workflow and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients screened by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) before treatment in the THRACE trial (Thrombectomie des Artères Cérébrales), with the emphasis on the duration of the imaging step.

Methods—
The THRACE randomized trial (June 2010 to February 2015) evaluated the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) in ischemic stroke patients with proximal occlusion. The choice of screening imaging modality was left to each enrolling center. Differences between MRI and CT groups were assessed using univariable analysis and the impact of imaging modality on favorable 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2) was tested using multivariable logistic regression.

Results—

Four hundred one patients were included (25 centers), comprising 299 MRI-selected and 102 CT-selected patients. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 18 in both groups. MRI scan duration (median [interquartile range]) was longer than CT (MRI: 13 minutes [10–16]; CT: 9 minutes [7–12];
P
<0.001). Stroke-onset-to-imaging time (MRI: median 114 minutes [interquartile range, 89–138]; CT: 107 minutes [88–139];
P
=0.19), onset-to-intravenous tPA time (MRI: 150 minutes [124–179]; CT: 150 minutes [123–180];
P
=0.38) and onset-to-angiography-suite time (MRI: 200 minutes [170–250]; CT: 213 minutes [180–246];
P
=0.57) did not differ between groups. Imaging modality was not significantly associated with functional outcome in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusions—
Although MRI scan duration is slightly longer than CT, MRI-based selection for acute ischemic stroke patients is accomplished within a timeframe similar to CT-based selection, without delaying treatment or impacting functional outcome. This should help to promote wider use of MRI, which has inherent imaging advantages over CT.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01062698.
A Systematic Review of Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures Assessing Body Image Disturbance in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Ellis Mark A. , Sterba Katherine R. , Brennan Emily A. , Maurer Stacey , Hill Elizabeth G. , Day Terry A. , Graboyes Evan M. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo synthesize published literature describing the severity of body image disturbance (BID) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) over time, its psychosocial and functional associations, and treatment strategies as assessed by patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs).Data SourcePubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsA systematic review of the English‐language literature was performed to identify studies of BID in patients with HNC using psychometrically validated PROMs to assess (1) severity of BID over time, (2) psychosocial and functional associations, and (3) management strategies.ResultsA total of 17 studies met inclusion criteria. BID was assessed via 10 different PROMs, none of which were HNC‐specific measures of BID. Two of 2 longitudinal studies (100%) reported that BID improved from pretreatment to posttreatment, and 2 of 3 longitudinal studies (67%) showed that the severity of BID decreased over time as survivors got further out from treatment. Seven of 17 studies (41%) described negative functional and psychosocial associations with BID, although study methodology limited conclusions about cause and effect. None of the studies assessing interventions to manage BID (0/2, 0%) demonstrated an improvement in BID relative to control.ConclusionBID in patients with HNC has negative functional and psychosocial associations and lacks evidence‐based treatment. Research is limited by the lack of an HNC‐specific BID PROM. Further research should address knowledge gaps related to the lack of an HNC‐specific BID PROM, longitudinal course of BID in patients with HNC, confusion with regards to risk factors and outcomes, and lack of prevention and treatment strategies.
Loss of CD169+ Subcapsular Macrophages during Metastatic Spread of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Topf Michael C. , Harshyne Larry , Tuluc Madalina , Mardekian Stacey , Vimawala Swar , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. , Rodeck Ulrich , Luginbuhl Adam 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to assess CD169 expression in metastatic and nearby tumor‐free lymph nodes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Study DesignRetrospective analysis based on immunohistochemistry.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsThe abundance of CD169+ cells in the subcapsular sinuses (SCSs) of lymph nodes was assessed immunohistochemically in paraffin‐embedded tissue samples derived from 22 patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC.ResultsSCSs of lymph nodes harboring metastatic SCC contained significantly fewer CD169+ macrophages (106.5 ± 113.6 cells/mm2) compared to nearby tumor‐free lymph nodes (321.3 ± 173.4 cells/mm2, P <. 001). This observation extended to 21 of the 22 cases investigated. In addition, 6 patients who later developed recurrent disease contained lower numbers of CD169+ cells (268.6 ± 169.5 cells/mm2) in nearby tumor‐free lymph nodes compared to 341.0 ± 176.1 cells/mm2 in those who remained disease free (P =. 399). Human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive patients (n = 4) had a 6‐fold lower number of CD169+ cells in metastatic nodes (61.2 ± 85.5 cells/mm2) compared to nearby tumor‐free lymph nodes (369.5 ± 175.5 cells/mm2, P =. 028). In comparison, HPV‐negative patients had only a 3‐fold reduction (116.6 ± 118.5 cells/mm2 vs 310.6 ± 176.2 cells/mm2, P <. 001).ConclusionMetastatic spread of SCC to regional lymph nodes is associated with lower abundance of CD169+ macrophages in the SCSs of draining lymph nodes. These results set the stage for an in‐depth investigation into the mechanism(s) by which metastatic SCC controls CD169+ macrophage abundance and its significance as it relates to prognosis and treatment response.