bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of identifying preferred place of death
Authors: Ali Maimoona , Capel Margred , Jones Gareth , Gazi Terri 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe majority of people would prefer to die at home and the stated intentions of both statutory and voluntary healthcare providers aim to support this. This service evaluation compared the preferred and actual place of death of patients known to a specialist community palliative care service.DesignAll deaths of patients (n=2176) known to the specialist palliative care service over a 5-year period were examined through service evaluation to compare the actual place of death with the preferred place of death previously identified by the patient. Triggers for admission were established when the patients did not achieve this preference.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2013, 73% of patients who expressed a choice about their preferred place of death and 69.3% who wanted to die at home were able to achieve their preferences. During the course of their illness, 9.5% of patients changed their preference for place of death. 30% of patients either refused to discuss or no preference was elicited for place of death.ConclusionsDirect enquiry and identification of preferences for end-of-life care is associated with patients achieving their preference for place of death. Patients whose preferred place of death was unknown were more likely to be admitted to hospital for end-of-life care.
Lipid-related genetic polymorphisms significantly modulate the association between lipids and disability progression in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Yuan , van der Mei Ingrid A F , Simpson Steve , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Lucas Robyn M , Tettey Prudence , Charlesworth Jac , Kostner Karam , Taylor Bruce V 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether lipid-related or body mass index (BMI)–related common genetic polymorphisms modulate the associations between serum lipid levels, BMI and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThe association between disability progression (annualised Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change over 5 years, ΔEDSS) and lipid-related or BMI-related genetic polymorphisms was evaluated in a longitudinal cohort (n=184), diagnosed with MS. We constructed a cumulative genetic risk score (CGRS) of associated polymorphisms (p<0.05) and examined the interactions between the CGRS and lipid levels (measured at baseline) in predicting ΔEDSS. All analyses were conducted using linear regression.ResultsFive lipid polymorphisms (rs2013208, rs9488822, rs17173637, rs10401969 and rs2277862) and one BMI polymorphism (rs2033529) were nominally associated with ΔEDSS. The constructed lipid CGRS showed a significant, dose-dependent association with ΔEDSS (ptrend=1.4×10−6), such that participants having ≥6 risk alleles progressed 0.38 EDSS points per year faster compared with those having ≤3. This CGRS model explained 16% of the variance in ΔEDSS. We also found significant interactions between the CGRS and lipid levels in modulating ΔEDSS, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL; pinteraction=0.005) and total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC:HDL; pinteraction=0.030). The combined model (combination of CGRS and the lipid parameter) explained 26% of the disability variance for HDL and 27% for TC:HDL.InterpretationIn this prospective cohort study, both lipid levels and lipid-related polymorphisms individually and jointly were associated with significantly increased disability progression in MS. These results indicate that these polymorphisms and tagged genes might be potential points of intervention to moderate disability progression.
Distribution of sodium and dynamical heterogeneity in sodium silicate liquid
Authors: Ha N. T. T. , Hong N. V. , Hung P. K. 
Published: February 2019

The structural and dynamical properties in sodium silicate liquid were investigated by molecular dynamics method. To clarify the distribution of sodium atoms in model, characteristics of simplex have been investigated. The simulation results reveal that Na2O⋅4SiO2 (NS4) liquid has a lot of simplexes with four sodium atoms inside but about half of simplexes do not have sodium. The spatial distribution of sodium is nonuniform, sodium tends to be in the nonbridging oxygen-simplexes and in larger-radius simplex. Moreover, the sodium density for nonbridging oxygen region is significantly higher than the one for Si-region. Namely, link-cluster function F[Formula: see text](r, t) has been used to clarify dynamical heterogeneity in NS4 liquid. The F[Formula: see text](r, t) for sets of random, immobile and mobile network atoms is quite different, which indicates that the dynamics of network atoms is heterogeneous. The Si–O network has the structure with two separated domains (immobile and mobile domains). These types of domain are significantly different in local microstructure, mobility of atoms and chemical composition.
Early-Life Microbiota Exposure Restricts Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell–Driven Colonic Tumorigenesis
Authors: Harusato Akihito , Viennois Emilie , Etienne-Mesmin Lucie , Matsuyama Shingo , Abo Hirohito , Osuka Satoru , Lukacs Nicholas W. , Naito Yuji , Itoh Yoshito , Li Jian-Dong , Merlin Didier , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Denning Timothy L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGut microbiota and their metabolites are instrumental in regulating homeostasis at intestinal and extraintestinal sites. However, the complex effects of prenatal and early postnatal microbial exposure on adult health and disease outcomes remain incompletely understood. Here, we showed that mice raised under germ-free conditions until weaning and then transferred to specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions harbored altered microbiota composition, augmented inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression, and were hyper-susceptible to colitis-associated tumorigenesis later in adulthood. Increased number and size of colon tumors and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in recolonized germ-free mice were associated with augmented intratumoral CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5 expression and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (G-MDSC) accumulation. Consistent with these findings, CXCR2 neutralization in recolonized germ-free mice completely reversed the exacerbated susceptibility to colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings highlight a crucial role for early-life microbial exposure in establishing intestinal homeostasis that restrains colon cancer in adulthood.
Targeted Delivery of IL2 to the Tumor Stroma Potentiates the Action of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors by Preferential Activation of NK and CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Hutmacher Cornelia , Gonzalo Núñez Nicolás , Liuzzi Anna Rita , Becher Burkhard , Neri Dario 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Recombinant human IL2 is being considered as a combination partner for immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy, but the product only has a narrow therapeutic window. Therefore, we used F8-IL2, an antibody–IL2 fusion protein capable of selective localization to the tumor site, in combination with antibodies against murine CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. In immunocompetent mice bearing CT26 tumors, the combination of F8-IL2 with CTLA-4 blockade was efficacious, leading to increased progression-free survival and protective immunity against subsequent tumor rechallenges. The combination with anti–PD-1 induced substantial tumor growth retardation, but tumor clearance was rare, whereas the combination with anti–PD-L1 exhibited the lowest activity. A detailed high-parametric single-cell analysis of the tumor leukocyte composition revealed that F8-IL2 had a strong impact on NK-cell activity without collateral immune activation in the systemic immune compartment, whereas CTLA-4 blockade led to significant changes in the T-cell compartment. Leukocyte depletion studies revealed that CD8+ T and NK cells were the main drivers of the therapeutic activity. We extended the experimental observations to a second model, treating MC38 tumor-bearing mice with F8-IL2 and/or CTLA-4 blockade. Only the combination treatment displayed potent anticancer activity, characterized by an increase in cytolytic CD8+ T and NK cells in tumors and draining lymph nodes. A decrease in the regulatory T cell frequency, within the tumors, was also observed. The results provide a rationale for the combined use of engineered IL2 therapeutics with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Sedentary Behavior and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women
Authors: Bellettiere John , LaMonte Michael J. , Evenson Kelly R. , Rillamas-Sun Eileen , Kerr Jacqueline , Lee I-Min , Di Chongzhi , Rosenberg Dori E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , Buchner David M. , Hovell Melbourne F. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Rossouw Jacques , Ludlam Shari , Burwen Dale , McGowan Joan , Ford Leslie , Geller Nancy , Anderson Garnet , Prentice Ross , Kooperberg Charles , Manson JoAnn E. , Howard Barbara V. , Jackson Rebecca , Thomson Cynthia A. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Limacher Marian , Wallace Robert , Kuller Lewis , Shumaker Sally , Shumaker Sally 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Evidence that higher sedentary time is associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is based mainly on self-reported measures. Few studies have examined whether patterns of sedentary time are associated with higher risk for CVD.

Methods:
Women from the OPACH Study (Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health; n=5638, aged 63–97 years, mean age 79±7 years) with no history of myocardial infarction or stroke wore accelerometers for 4 to 7 days and were followed up for up to 4.9 years for CVD events. Average daily sedentary time and mean sedentary bout duration were the exposures of interest. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for CVD using models adjusted for covariates and subsequently adjusted for potential mediators (body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and CVD risk biomarkers [fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure]). Restricted cubic spline regression characterized dose-response relationships.

Results:

There were 545 CVD events during 19 350 person-years. With adjustment for covariates, women in the highest (≈11 h/d or more) versus the lowest (≈9 h/d or less) quartile of sedentary time had higher risk for CVD (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.21–2.17;
P
trend <0.001). Further adjustment for potential mediators attenuated but did not eliminate significance of these associations (
P
trend <0.05, each). Longer versus shorter mean sedentary bout duration was associated with higher risks for CVD (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.27–2.02;
P
trend=0.003) after adjustment for covariates. Additional adjustment for CVD risk biomarkers attenuated associations, resulting in a quartile 4 versus quartile 1 HR of 1.36 (95% CI, 1.01–1.83;
P
trend=0.10). Dose-response associations of sedentary time and bout duration with CVD were linear (
P
nonlinear >0.05, each). Women jointly classified as having both high sedentary time and long bout durations had significantly higher risk for CVD (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08–1.65) than women with low sedentary time and short bout duration. All analyses were repeated for incident coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction or CVD death), and associations were similar, with notably stronger HRs.

Conclusions:
Both high sedentary time and long mean bout durations were associated in a dose-response manner with increased CVD risk in older women, which suggests that efforts to reduce CVD burden might benefit from addressing either or both components of sedentary behavior.
Public Perceptions on Why Women Receive Less Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Than Men in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Perman Sarah M. , Shelton Shelby K. , Knoepke Christopher , Rappaport Kathryn , Matlock Daniel D. , Adelgais Kathleen , Havranek Edward P. , Daugherty Stacie L. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Women who suffer an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) less often than men. Understanding public perceptions of why this occurs is a necessary first step toward equitable application of this potentially life-saving intervention.

Methods:
We conducted a national survey of members of the public using Mechanical Turk, Amazon’s crowdsourcing platform, to determine reasons why women might receive bystander CPR less often than men. Eligible participants were adults (≥18 years) located in the United States. Responses were excluded if the participant was not able to define CPR correctly. Participants were asked to answer the following free-text question: “Do you have any ideas on why women may be less likely to receive CPR than men when they collapse in public?” Descriptive statistics were used to define the cohort. The free-text response was coded using open coding, and major themes were identified via classical content analysis.

Results:
In total, 548 subjects were surveyed. Mean age was 38.8 years, and 49.8% were female. Participants were geographically distributed as follows: 18.5% West, 9.2% Southwest, 22.0% Midwest, 27.5% Southeast, and 22.9% Northeast. After analysis, 3 major themes were detected for why the public perceives that women receive less bystander CPR. They include the following: (1) sexualization of women’s bodies; (2) women are weak and frail and therefore prone to injury; and (3) misperceptions about women in acute medical distress. Overall, 41.9% (227) were trained in CPR while 4.4% reported having provided CPR in a medical emergency.

Conclusions:
Members of the general public perceive fears about inappropriate touching, accusations of sexual assault, and fear of causing injury as inhibiting bystander CPR for women. Educational and policy efforts to address these perceptions may reduce the sex differences in the application of bystander CPR.
Time to Loading Dose and Risk of Recurrent Events in the SOCRATES Trial
Authors: Molina Carlos A. , Johnston S. Claiborne , Ladenvall Per , Amarenco Pierre , Albers Gregory W. , Denison Hans , Easton J. Donald , Evans Scott R. , Held Peter , Knutsson Mikael , Minematsu Kazuo , Röther Joachim , Wang Yongjun , Wong K.S. Lawrence ,   for the SOCRATES Steering Committee and Investigators
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—
Recurrent ischemia risk is high in the acute period after cerebral ischemic events. Effects of antiplatelet agents may vary by time to loading dose (TLD). We explored the risk of recurrent events and safety and efficacy of ticagrelor versus aspirin in relation to TLD.

Methods—
We randomized 13 199 patients with noncardioembolic, nonsevere ischemic stroke, or high-risk transient ischemic attack to 90-day ticagrelor or aspirin treatment within 24 hours of symptom onset. For this analysis, 13 126 patients were categorized by TLD as <12 hours or ≥12 hours from start of index event. The primary end point was the composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 90 days. Major bleeding was the primary safety end point.

Results—

TLD was <12 hours in 4403 (33.5%) and ≥12 hours in 8723 (66.5%). The Kaplan-Meier% for the primary end point for all patients with TLD<12 hours was 7.5% versus 6.9% in TLD≥12 hours. Among patients with TLD<12 hours, the primary end point occurred in 147/2196 (6.8%) randomized to ticagrelor and in 184/2207 (8.3%) randomized to aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64–0.98;
P
=0.036). Among patients with TLD≥12 hours, the primary end point occurred in 6.7% patients randomized to ticagrelor versus 7.0% to aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.81–1.12;
P
=0.55). There was no significant treatment-by-TLD interaction. Major bleeding rates were comparable on ticagrelor and aspirin, regardless of TLD.

Conclusions—
The event rate for the primary end point was higher in patients treated early (<12 hours) versus later (≥12 hours). In this exploratory analysis, a larger numerical difference in the primary end point was observed among patients on ticagrelor than on aspirin when TLD was <12 hours compared with ≥12 hours, although the interaction terms for treatment-by-TLD were not significant. For major bleeding, no relation to TLD was observed.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01994720.
Name-bearing types of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea), in the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh
Authors: BLAND KEITH P. 
Published: February 2019

This article documents 91 species-group names of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) for which either primary or secondary type material is present in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. The describers and the 76 nominal taxa they descibed are as follows: H. Druce (1846–1913) Euphaedra COOKSONI, Mycalesis HAROLDI; H.H. Druce (1869–1922) Cyclopides COOKSONI, Spindasis KALLIMON; H.J. Elwes (1846–1922) Parnassius delphius ssp. INFERNALIS; J.C. Fabricius (1745–1808) Papilio COCALIA (“neotype”), Papilio MARDANIA (“neotype”); H. Fruhstorfer (1866–1922) Parnassius mnemosyne ssp. MELAINA; D.R. Gifford (1918–1981) Leptomyrina HANDMANI, Alaena LAMBORNI, Deudorix (Virachola) MAGDA, Papilio ophidicephalus ssp. MKUWADZI; J.B. Godart (1775–1825) Idea AGELIA, Danais ALCATHOE, Cethosia ALIPHERA, Danais ALOPIA, Danais BAUDINIANA, Papilio BITIAS, Argynnis BRIAREA, Heliconia CLEOBAEA, Danais CLEOPHILE, Danais CLEOTHERA, Heliconia CYRBIA, Pieris DOXO, Pieris EPICHARIS, Pieris ERIPHIA, Heliconia ETHILLA, Heliconia EUCLEA, Papilio EURYMAS, Pieris GIDICA, Argynnis HEGEMONE, Satyrus HYSIUS, Papilio IMERIUS, Acraea JANISCA, Pieris JOSEPHINA, Vanessa LAODORA, Papilio LEUCASPIS, Papilio LYCORAEUS, Vanessa LYTREA, Heliconia MEGARA, Heliconia MELPHIS, Libythea MYRRHA, Acraea OZOMENE, Pieris PHISADIA, Papilio POLYMETUS, Danais PROTHOE, Argynnis PYGMAEA, Pieris PYRO, Pieris SALACIA, Acraea SERVONA, Papilio TEMENES, Papilio TEREAS, Libythea TERENA, Biblis THADANA, Argynnis THAROSSA, Papilio TRIOPAS, Pieris VENILIA, Vanessa VULCANIA, Acraea ZETHEA, Acraea ZIDORA, Acraea ZOSTERIA; C.W.N. Holmes (1916–2018) Bebearia paludicola ssp. BLANDI, Bebearia cocalioides ssp. HECQI, Bebearia orientis ssp. MALAWIENSIS, Bebearia PALUDICOLA; E.G. Honrath (1837–1893) Parnassius bremeri ssp. GRAESERI, Parnassius nordmanni var. MINIMA; W.J. Kaye (1875–1967) Hesperocharis LAMONTI; F. Moore (1830–1907) Neptis ADARA, Abisara ANGULATA, Lebadea ATTENUATA, Ixias CITRINA, Euploea LIMBORGII, Papilio ONPAPE, Cirrhochroa SURYA; W.F.H. Rosenberg & G. Talbot (1914) Dismorphia orise ssp. DENIGRATA. The secondary type material (number of species in brackets) originates from H. Carcasson (1), M. Cock (1), J. B. Godart (7), W. J. Kaye (1), O. Kudrna (3) and M. B. Usher (2).
Industrialization and Profit-Rate Analysis in Indonesia
Authors: Nofrian Fachru 
Published: February 2019

This work looks at the contribution of profit-rate analysis to explain the industrialization process in economics. Using Indonesia for empirical study, we observe a link between the profit rate and international industrialization strategy. Elements of profit rate are discussed, including profit share, labor coefficient, and capital productivity. Elements of the industrialization process are also examined; specifically, gross import substitution, domestic supply growth, and ratio of import substitution. New period categorizations are made, demonstrating changes in the long run. We argue that profit-rate fluctuation has served to explain the success or failure of the industrialization process. This paper identifies two dimensions to this process. First, it argues that industrialization is achieved if the domestic market is established as indicated by a higher profit rate in the period when import substitution is high. Second, the establishment of a home market can occur by adopting the import substitution strategy, including output, investment, and labor. The adoption of import substitution can tackle the sectoral analysis of industrialization because it assumes the formation of a production pattern in domestic economy. JEL Classification: E220, E230, E240, E310, O110, O140
A case study of feedback and cognitive assessment of a young adult inpatient with major depressive disorder
Authors: Tickell Ashleigh M , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B , Hermens Daniel F 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: Neurocognitive assessment and feedback to a young adult inpatient. Methods: Computerised neurocognitive assessment and feedback. Results: A collaborative process of personalised intervention. Conclusions: Personalised feedback in this setting can be employed as a management tool to identify and prioritise care.
Descriptive epidemiology and test characteristics of cats diagnosed with Microsporum canis dermatophytosis in a Northwestern US animal shelter
Authors: DeTar Lena G , Dubrovsky Vladimir , Scarlett Jan M 
Published: February 2019

Objectives The aims of this descriptive study were to identify risk factors for feline Microsporum canis infection at shelter intake, to describe screening test accuracy, and to refine confirmatory testing time frames. Methods Database records for the general feline population and intake data, medical records and fungal culture logs for cats diagnosed with M canis at a limited admissions shelter were accessed retrospectively for a period of 2 years. Results The feline population at the study shelter had a prevalence of M canis of 1.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–2.0%). Kittens were eight (95% CI 4.8–13.5) times more likely to present with dermatophytosis than adults. Although more cats presented with M canis during summer and autumn, season was not significant when the model was controlled for age. Owner-surrendered cats were half as likely (95% CI 0.41–0.77) as transported cats to be diagnosed with M canis. Wood’s lamp examinations had a sensitivity of 66.8% (95% CI 60.2–73.4) and a specificity of 74.8% (95% CI 64.2–85.1) compared with dermatophyte test medium (DTM) culture. In 78.8% (95% CI 61–91) of littermate or household groups with mixed Wood’s lamp results, all cats were DTM culture positive. Under consistent incubation conditions, 202/202 diagnostic DTM plates for M canis-infected cats showed recognizable colony growth before 7 days (median 4 days), and 19/19 fomite carrier cat cultures showed growth before 12 days (median 5 days). Conclusions and relevance Applying the results of this study to shelter protocols could optimize diagnostic approaches and shorten the length of stay for shelter cats and kittens, resulting in streamlined shelter operations and improved feline welfare.