bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in smolt status affect the resistance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) against infectious pancreatic necrosis, while vaccine‐mediated protection is unaffected
Authors: Jensen Ingvill , Overrein Mathias C. , Fredriksen Børge N. , Strandskog Guro , Seternes Tore 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn today's aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), a majority of viral disease outbreaks occur after seawater transfer. A relevant question is how the parr–smolt transformation influences the efficacy of viral vaccines and the innate resistance against viral diseases. In this study, vaccinated and unvaccinated A. salmon parr were exposed to different photoperiodic regimens (1‐, 3‐ or 6‐week continuous light—WCL). Fish groups at different stages in the smoltification process were induced, as demonstrated by differences in morphological and physiological smolt parameters. At the time of seawater transfer, the 6‐WCL group had reached a more pronounced stage in the smoltification process than the 1‐WCL group. In unvaccinated fish, the subsequent cohabitation challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) gave a significantly higher accumulated mortality in the 6‐WCL group (87%) compared to the 1‐WCL group (39%). In the vaccinated groups, this effect was not apparent and there were no differences in accumulated mortality between the 1 WCL, 3 WCL and 6‐WCL groups. These data suggest that the resistance to IPN in A. salmon was negatively influenced by smoltification, while vaccine‐mediated protection to IPN was maintained equally well irrespective of smolt status.
Joint AGS‐CCEHI Survey Offers Insights into Patient Engagement in Geriatric Clinical Settings
Authors: Hwang Ann , Warshaw Gregg 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESMany clinical practices and health systems are increasingly interested in adopting structures for consumer engagement to inform organizational policies and programs. These structures can include patient and family advisory committees, patient representation on an organization's board of directors, or inclusion of patients and family members in quality improvement activities. However, to date only limited information has been available on the uptake of patient engagement strategies and structures, and none specific to geriatrics. We surveyed American Geriatrics Society (AGS) members to ascertain how and when consumer engagement is occurring in the clinical settings where AGS members provide care, and to identify opportunities to improve engagement.DESIGNDescriptive survey.PARTICIPANTSA total of 20% (829) of eligible AGS members responded to this section of the survey.MEASUREMENTSRespondents’ primary work site, methods and staffing of patient and family engagement, barriers to engagement, and strategies to improve engagement.RESULTSThe most common methods of engagement were through advisory committees (28%), quality improvement and program evaluations (27%), and focus groups (21%). However, more than one‐third of respondents (35%) said they were not sure whether their clinical setting had any structures or strategies in place for consumer engagement. Respondents identified barriers to engagement as well as the tools and information that would help improve engagement.CONCLUSIONThe survey findings provide insight into what patient engagement looks like in the hospitals, health systems, and other clinical settings where geriatrics health professionals work. Making structures for patient and family engagement more widespread in geriatric practice settings will require addressing the barriers identified by survey respondents including the need for funding and staff time, transportation, and training and supports for participating patients and caregivers. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1791–1794, 2019
Effect of Vitamin K2 on Postural Sway in Older People Who Fall: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Witham Miles D. , Price Rosemary J. G. , Band Margaret M. , Hannah Michael S. , Fulton Roberta L. , Clarke Clare L. , Donnan Peter T. , McNamee Paul , Cvoro Vera , Soiza Roy L. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESVitamin K is thought to be involved in both bone health and maintenance of neuromuscular function. We tested the effect of vitamin K2 supplementation on postural sway, falls, healthcare costs, and indices of physical function in older people at risk of falls.DESIGNParallel‐group double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled trial.SETTINGFourteen primary care practices in Scotland, UK.PARTICIPANTSA total of 95 community‐dwelling participants aged 65 and older with at least two falls, or one injurious fall, in the previous year.INTERVENTIONOnce/day placebo, 200 μg or 400 μg of oral vitamin K2 for 1 year.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was anteroposterior sway measured using sway plates at 12 months, adjusted for baseline. Secondary outcomes included the Short Physical Performance Battery, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, quality of life, health and social care costs, falls, and adverse events.RESULTSMean participant age was 75 (standard deviation [SD] = 7) years. Overall, 58 of 95 (61%) were female; 77 of 95 (81%) attended the 12‐month visit. No significant effect of either vitamin K2 dose was seen on the primary outcome of anteroposterior sway (200 μg vs placebo: −.19 cm [95% confidence interval [CI] −.68 to .30; P = .44]; 400 μg vs placebo: .17 cm [95% CI −.33 to .66; P = .50]; or 400 μg vs 200 μg: .36 cm [95% CI −.11 to .83; P = .14]). Adjusted falls rates were similar in each group. No significant treatment effects were seen for other measures of sway or secondary outcomes. Costs were higher in both vitamin K2 arms than in the placebo arm.CONCLUSIONOral vitamin K2 supplementation did not improve postural sway or physical function in older people at risk of falls. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2102–2107, 2019
Predicting Risk of Potentially Preventable Hospitalization in Older Adults with Dementia
Authors: Maust Donovan T. , Kim H. Myra , Chiang Claire , Langa Kenneth M. , Kales Helen C. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVESReducing potentially preventable hospitalization (PPH) among older adults with dementia is a goal of Healthy People 2020, yet no tools specifically identify patients with dementia at highest risk. The objective was to develop a risk prediction model to identify older adults with dementia at high imminent risk of PPH.DESIGNA 30‐day risk prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression. Patients from fiscal years (FY) 2009 to 2011 were split into development and validation cohorts; FY2012 was used for prediction.SETTINGCommunity‐dwelling older adults (≥65 years of age) with dementia who received care through the Veterans Health Administration.PARTICIPANTSThere were 1 793 783 participants.MEASUREMENTSCharacteristics associated with hospitalization risk were (1) age and other demographic factors; (2) outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient utilization; (3) medical and psychiatric diagnoses; and (4) prescribed medication use including changes to psychotropic medications (eg, initiation or dosage increase). Model discrimination was determined by the C statistic for each of the three cohorts. Finally, to determine whether predicted 30‐day risk strata were stable over time, the observed PPH rate was calculated out to 1 year.RESULTSIn the development cohort, .6% of patients experienced PPH within 30 days. The C statistic for the development cohort was .83 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .83‐.84) and .83 in the prediction cohort (95% CI = .82‐.84). Patients in the top 10% of predicted 30‐day PPH risk accounted for more than 50% of 30‐day PPH admissions in all three cohorts. In addition, those predicted to be at elevated 30‐day risk remained at higher risk throughout a year of follow‐up.CONCLUSIONIt is possible to identify older adults with dementia at high risk of imminent PPH, and their risk remains elevated for an entire year. Given the negative outcomes associated with acute hospitalization for those with dementia, healthcare systems and providers may be able to engage these high‐risk patients proactively to avoid unnecessary hospitalization. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2077–2084, 2019
A Practical Two‐Stage Frailty Assessment for Older Adults Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Hosler Quinn P. , Maltagliati Anthony J. , Shi Sandra M. , Afilalo Jonathan , Popma Jeffrey J. , Khabbaz Kamal R. , Laham Roger J. , Guibone Kimberly , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesDespite evidence, frailty is not routinely assessed before cardiac surgery. We compared five brief frailty tests for predicting poor outcomes after aortic valve replacement and evaluated a strategy of performing comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in screen‐positive patients.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA single academic center.ParticipantsPatients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) (n = 91; mean age = 77.8 y) or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) (n = 137; mean age = 84.5 y) from February 2014 to June 2017.MeasurementsBrief frailty tests (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and Loss of weight [FRAIL] scale; Clinical Frailty Scale; grip strength; gait speed; and chair rise) and a deficit‐accumulation frailty index based on CGA (CGA‐FI) were measured at baseline. A composite of death or functional decline and severe symptoms at 6 months was assessed.ResultsThe outcome occurred in 8.8% (n = 8) after SAVR and 24.8% (n = 34) after TAVR. The chair rise test showed the highest discrimination in the SAVR (C statistic = .76) and TAVR cohorts (C statistic = .63). When the chair rise test was chosen as a screening test (≥17 s for SAVR and ≥23 s for TAVR), the incidence of outcome for screen‐negative patients, screen‐positive patients with CGA‐FI of .34 or lower, and screen‐positive patients with CGA‐FI higher than .34 were 1.9% (n = 1/54), 5.3% (n = 1/19), and 33.3% (n = 6/18) after SAVR, respectively, and 15.0% (n = 9/60), 14.3% (n = 3/21), and 38.3% (n = 22/56) after TAVR, respectively. Compared with routinely performing CGA, targeting CGA to screen‐positive patients would result in 54 fewer CGAs, without compromising sensitivity (routine vs targeted: .75 vs .75; P = 1.00) and specificity (.84 vs .86; P = 1.00) in the SAVR cohort; and 60 fewer CGAs with lower sensitivity (.82 vs.65; P = .03) and higher specificity (.50 vs .67; P < .01) in the TAVR cohort.ConclusionsThe chair rise test with targeted CGA may be a practical strategy to identify older patients at high risk for mortality and poor recovery after SAVR and TAVR in whom individualized care management should be considered. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2031–2037, 2019
Chronic Acquired Polyneuropathy Patient Reported Index (CAPPRI) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Bjelica Bogdan , Peric Stojan , Gwathmey Kelly , Sadjadi Reza , Bozovic Ivo , Burns Ted M. , Basta Ivana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo date there are only two validations on the Chronic Acquired Polyneuropathy Patient‐Reported Index (CAPPRI) questionnaire, both originated from the North America. We sought to translate and validate CAPPRI for use in Serbian patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We included 109 CIDP patients. CAPPRI, short form (36) health survey (SF‐36), Medical Research Council Sum Score (MRC‐SS), Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) sensory and disability scores, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Krupp's Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used. Serbian CAPPRI questionnaire was understandable and the language was appropriate and simple. Calculation demonstrated good person (0.9) and item (0.9) reliability with adequate item (4.1), and person (2.9) separation indices. There was a minor floor effect (13.8%), and no ceiling effect. All items had good fit, except items 2 (pain), 5 (sleeping), and 14 (eating) to some degree. Category responses were well ordered and organized, except item 14 (eating). The CAPPRI score did not vary regarding gender, age, or education. Patients with worse scores on MRC‐SS, INCAT sensory score, INCAT disability score, FSS, and BDI had worse scores on CAPPRI (P < .01). The CAPPRI score showed strong correlation with the SF‐36 score (rho = −0.76, P < .01). The Serbian version of the CAPPRI is reliable and valid patient‐reported index for patients with CIDP, able to differentiate between levels of impairment and disability in this disease.
Regeneration characteristics of different dental derived stem cell sheets
Authors: Hu Lei , Zhao Bin , Gao Zhenhua , Xu Junji , Fan Zhipeng , Zhang Chunmei , Wang Jinsong , Wang Songlin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cell sheets have gained much interest as a non‐scaffold strategy for tissue regeneration, the regenerative features of different cell sheets remain unclear.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to compare the regeneration characteristics of cell sheets derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs).MethodsDental pulp stem cells, PDLSCs and SCAPs from the same individual were acquired and induced to form sheets using 20 μg/mL vitamin C. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of collagen I, fibronectin, integrin β1 and vimentin. Real‐time PCR was used to determine NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and TERT gene expression. The cell sheets with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate were transplanted into nude mice subcutaneously to evaluate tissue regeneration characteristics.ResultsNo obvious differences were found in the histological structure and extracellular matrix protein expression between DPSC, PDLSC and SCAP sheets. Dental pulp stem cell sheet showed higher expression of OCT4 and TERT than PDLSC and SCAP sheets. All three cell sheets displayed the ability of mineral tissue formation and highly expressed periostin. The tissue derived from DPSC sheet showed higher CD31 expression and porous fibres compared with that from the others. The tissue fibres formed from PDLSC sheet were directionally arranged, while the tissue derived from SCAP sheet showed highest mineral tissue formation.ConclusionAlthough in vitro DPSC, PDLSC and SCAP cell sheets have similar characteristics, their regenerative characteristics in vivo are different, with each showing potential application for regeneration of different tissues.
Probiotics protect against tenofovir‐induced mandibular bone loss in mice by rescuing mandible‐derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Liu Hao , Gu Ranli , Li Wei , Xue Jing , Cong Zhe , Wei Qiang , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a primary antiretroviral agent used to treat AIDS, triggers systematic bone loss. However, the effect of TDF on osteopenia or osteoporosis in the jaw remains unclear. TDF‐induced bone loss in the jaw, if any, likely involves mandible‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs), which play a key role in jawbone metabolism. Probiotics prevent long bone loss, and could prove efficacious in treating TDF‐induced mandibular bone loss.ObjectivesTo determine whether TDF triggers mandibular bone loss, elucidate the underlying mechanisms, and study the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on TDF‐induced bone loss in the jaw.MethodsTenofovir disoproxil fumarate was administered orally daily and LGG semiweekly from eight weeks to the end of the study (LGG group) to male C57BL6/J mice. The mice were sacrificed, and body weight (BW) and serum Ca and P were measured. Mandibular histomorphometry was evaluated by micro‐CT. MMSCs and LGG culture supernatants were isolated, and MMSC proliferation and ALP production when treated with different concentrations of LGG supernatant and/or TDF were measured. Relative abundance of osteogenic markers was assessed by qPCR.ResultsOrally administered LGG protected against bone mass loss and deterioration of bone microarchitecture and increased serum P levels. The BW of the TDF group was highest among the study groups. TDF partially impaired osteogenesis and proliferation of MMSCs. LGG culture supernatant rescued MMSC osteogenesis and proliferation, and osteogenic gene expression.ConclusionsLactobacillus rhamnosus GG protected against tenofovir‐induced mandibular bone loss in mice by rescuing MMSC proliferation and osteogenesis.
Burnout within forensic psychiatric nursing: Its relationship with ward environment and effective clinical supervision?
Authors: Berry Suzanne , Robertson Noelle 
Published: June 2019

Accessible summaryWhat is known about this subject?

Burnout is a prominent issue in psychiatric nursing and associated with significant adverse consequences for staff, service users and at an organizational level.

Exploration of the extent and predictors of burnout in secure settings has received little research attention. It is not fully understood why prevalence rates of burnout in forensic settings are not elevated in comparison to other settings, despite the presence of known risk‐related correlates.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

In contrast to previous research, findings suggest that clinical supervision may not be an effective, stand‐alone intervention to support staff experiencing burnout. Thus, the current focus on clinical supervision to mitigate burnout may be insufficient in forensic services.

The ward environment (specifically how safe staff feel, how therapeutic the ward feels and how well service users relate to one another) was found to be more important than clinical supervision in terms of burnout for forensic psychiatric nursing staff.

What are the implications for practice?

Policies regarding staff health and well‐being should be developed with due consideration given to the association between burnout and the working environment.

It should not be assumed that clinical supervision is sufficient to mitigate burnout in practice. Further research assessing all types of support and the ward environment is needed to gain a better understanding of its relationship to burnout.

AbstractIntroductionDespite extensive research examining burnout in psychiatric nursing staff, literature exploring key predictors of burnout in secure psychiatric settings has been relatively neglected. Research has yet to explore burnout in these settings by adopting previously identified predictors such as support or the ward environment.AimThe current study aimed to reduce this gap by exploring burnout, the perceived effectiveness of clinical supervision and ward environment.MethodIn 2014, nursing staff working in a medium secure forensic psychiatric unit in the United Kingdom (N = 137) provided demographic information and completed the measures assessing: Burnout, clinical supervision and the ward environment.ResultsApproximately 10% of nursing staff could be classed as “burnt‐out”. The main predictors of burnout were age and ward environment. Clinical supervision had minimal association with burnout.DiscussionThe current study sheds doubt on clinical supervision as a potential intervention for burnout and results appear comparable to research within other settings. The implications of the ward environment, supervision and burnout are discussed herein.Implication for PracticeInterventions may need to focus on a positive ward environment (including patient cohesion, experienced safety and enhancing the therapeutic atmosphere). Organizations should support younger nursing staff as they appear particularly vulnerable to burnout.
Geoclimatic factors influence the population genetic connectivity of Incarvillea arguta (Bignoniaceae) in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Rana Santosh Kumar , Luo Dong , Rana Hum Kala , O'Neill Alexander Robert , Sun Hang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeoclimatic factors related to the uplift of the Himalaya and the Quaternary climatic oscillations influence the population genetic connectivity in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains (HHM) biodiversity hotspot. Therefore, to explore the relative roles played by these two factors, we examined the population dynamics and dispersal corridors of Incarvillea arguta (Royle) Royle incorporating ensemble species distribution modelling (SDM).Thirty‐seven populations were genotyped using plastid chloroplast DNA and low copy nuclear gene (ncpGS) sequences. Phylogeographic analysis was carried out to reveal the genetic structure and lineage differentiation. Ensemble SDMs were carried out for distributional change in the last glacial maximum, present, and future. Finally, the least cost path method was used to trace out possible dispersal corridors.The haplotypes were divided into four clades with strong geographical structure. The late Miocene origin of I. arguta in the western Himalaya ca. 7.92 Ma indicates lineage diversification related to the uplift of the HHM. The variability in habitat connectivity revealed by SDM is due to change in suitability since the Pleistocene. A putative dispersal corridor was detected along the drainage systems and river valleys, with strong support in the eastern Hengduan Mountains group.Our results support the signature of geoclimatic influence on population genetic connectivity of I. arguta in the HHM. We proposed that the major drainage systems might have assisted the rapid dispersal of isolated riverine plant species I. arguta in the HHM. The population genetic connectivity, using the fine‐tuned ensemble SDMs, enables scientists and policymakers to develop conservation strategies for the species gene pool in the HHM biodiversity hotspots.
Multifaceted role of geminivirus associated betasatellite in pathogenesis
Authors: Gnanasekaran Prabu , KishoreKumar Reddy , Bhattacharyya Dhriti , Vinoth Kumar R. , Chakraborty Supriya 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBegomoviruses have emerged as a group of plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases in a wide range of crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Betasatellites, the circular single‐stranded DNA molecules with the size of almost half of that of the associated helper begomoviruses, are often essential for the production of typical disease symptoms in several virus‐host systems. Association of betasatellites with begomoviruses results in more severe symptoms in the plants and affects the yield of numerous crops leading to huge agroeconomic losses. βC1, the only protein encoded by betasatellites, plays a multifaceted role in the successful establishment of infection. This protein counteracts the innate defence mechanisms of the host, like RNA silencing, ubiquitin‐proteasome system and defence responsive hormones. In the last two decades, the molecular aspect of betasatellite pathogenesis has attracted much attention from the researchers worldwide, and reports have shown that βC1 protein aggravates the helper begomovirus disease complex by modulating specific host factors. This review discusses the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of betasatellites, including various βC1‐host factor interactions and their effects on the suppression of defence responses of the plants.