bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Model of Jupiter's Magnetic Field From Juno's First Nine Orbits
Authors: Connerney J. E. P. , Kotsiaros S. , Oliversen R. J. , Espley J. R. , Joergensen J. L. , Joergensen P. S. , Merayo J. M. G. , Herceg M. , Bloxham J. , Moore K. M. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the Juno spacecraft during its first nine polar orbits about the planet. Observations acquired during eight of these orbits provide the first truly global coverage of Jupiter's magnetic field with a coarse longitudinal separation of ~45° between perijoves. The magnetic field is represented with a degree 20 spherical harmonic model for the planetary (“internal”) field, combined with a simple model of the magnetodisc for the field (“external”) due to distributed magnetospheric currents. Partial solution of the underdetermined inverse problem using generalized inverse techniques yields a model (“Juno Reference Model through Perijove 9”) of the planetary magnetic field with spherical harmonic coefficients well determined through degree and order 10, providing the first detailed view of a planetary dynamo beyond Earth.
Controlled Transformations of Aryl Halides in a Flow System: Selective Synthesis of Aryl Azides and Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Georgiádes Ádám , Ötvös Sándor B. , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCopper‐mediated nitrogenation of aryl halides with sodium azide can result in either aryl azides or aniline derivatives. The selectivity of the transformation is highly dependent on reaction time and temperature, which led to contradictory literature results with respect to product selectivity and the conditions applied. The advantages of a strictly controlled flow reactor environment were exploited in order to facilitate selective haloarene transformations. Reaction conditions were carefully investigated to understand their role on product selectivity. Aryl azides and aryl amines were successfully prepared from the same starting materials using the same auxiliaries by means of precise control over residence time and reaction temperature, thereby ensuring time‐, cost‐ and atom‐efficient syntheses.magnified image
Primitive Photosynthetic Architectures Based on Self‐Organization and Chemical Evolution of Amino Acids and Metal Ions
Authors: Liu Kai , Ren Xiaokang , Sun Jianxuan , Zou Qianli , Yan Xuehai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe emergence of light‐energy‐utilizing metabolism is likely to be a critical milestone in prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life. However, how the primitive pigment is spontaneously generated still remains unknown. Herein, a primitive pigment model based on adaptive self‐organization of amino acids (Cystine, Cys) and metal ions (zinc ion, Zn2+) followed by chemical evolution under hydrothermal conditions is developed. The resulting hybrid microspheres are composed of radially aligned cystine/zinc (Cys/Zn) assembly decorated with carbonate‐doped zinc sulfide (C‐ZnS) nanocrystals. The part of C‐ZnS can work as a light‐harvesting antenna to capture ultraviolet and visible light, and use it in various photochemical reactions, including hydrogen (H2) evolution, carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction, and reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH). Additionally, guest molecules (e.g., glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH) can be encapsulated within the hierarchical Cys/Zn framework, which facilitates sustainable photoenzymatic synthesis of glutamate. This study helps deepen insight into the emergent functionality (conversion of light energy) and complexity (hierarchical architecture) from interaction and reaction of prebiotic molecules. The primitive pigment model is also promising to work as an artificial photosynthetic microreactor.
Mine Safety and Health Administration's Part 50 program does not fully capture chronic disease and injury in the Illinois mining industry
Authors: Almberg Kirsten S. , Friedman Lee S. , Swedler David , Cohen Robert A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) requires reporting of injuries and illnesses to their Part 50 program. A 2011 study indicated that the Part 50 program did not capture many cases of injury in Kentucky, causing concern about underreporting in other states.MethodsMSHA Part 50 reports from Illinois for 2001‐2013 were linked to Illinois Workers’ Compensation Commission (IWCC) data. IWCC cases not found in the Part 50 data were considered unreported.ResultsOverall, the Part 50 Program did not capture 66% of IWCC cases from 2001 to 2013. Chronic injuries or illnesses were more likely to be unreported to MSHA.ConclusionsThe majority of occupational injuries and illnesses found in the IWCC from this time period, were not captured by Part 50. Inaccurate reporting of injuries and illnesses to the Part 50 program hinders MSHA's ability to enforce safety and health standards in the mining industry.
Bimetallic Chromium Catalysts with Chain Transfer Agents: A Route to Isotactic Poly(propylene oxide)s with Narrow Dispersities
Authors: Morris Lilliana S. , Childers M. Ian , Coates Geoffrey W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBimetallic chromium catalysts are investigated for the enantioselective polymerization of propylene oxide. The catalyst is composed of two salen chromium species linked by an alkyl chain, the length of which significantly impacts the rate of polymerization. While the use of a chloride initiator on the catalyst resulted in bimodal molecular weight distributions, switching to a trifluoroacetate initiating group and adding a diol chain transfer agent afforded polymers of controllable molecular weight with low, unimodal dispersities.
Vasculitis and neurobrucellosis: Evaluation of nine cases using radiologic findings
Authors: Turkoglu Sule Aydin , Halicioglu Siddika , Sirmatel Fatma , Yildiz Murside , Yildiz Nebil , Yildiz Serpil 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is an important multisystemic disease with many different clinical symptoms, and its early diagnosis and treatment are possible. Neurobrucellosis (NB) is a rare but serious finding of brucellosis. Brucella can be seen as meningitis and encephalopathy, and it can cause cranial nerve pathologies, vascular syndromes, myopathy, spinal diseases, and psychiatric disorders. In NB, vascular syndromes secondary to inflammation are rarely seen. Here, we present nine young patients with vascular and nonspecific neuropsychiatric findings who had NB as the etiology of stroke.MethodsNine patients who were admitted to our Neurology Clinic between 2012 and 2017 for various reasons in whom brucellosis was found in the etiology were retrospectively studied. The patients' symptoms, physical examination, laboratory and radiographic findings, treatments, and treatment responses are discussed.ResultsOf the nine patients who presented to our clinic in the 4‐year period, five were female. The average age was 49 years. Five patients had small vessel vasculitis, three had great vessel vasculitis, and one had meningoencephalitis and pons abscess. Two patients had granuloma, and one had an aneurysm.ConclusionsWe aimed to present our cases due to the fact that this disease should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients with stroke and similar neuropsychiatric findings.
Performance of the Evolut‐R 34 mm versus Sapien‐3 29 mm in Transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients with larger annuli: Early outcome results of Evolut‐R 34 mm as compared with Sapien‐3 29 mm in patients with Annuli ≥26 mm
Authors: Eitan Amnon , Witt Julian , Stripling Jan , Haselbach Timo , Rieß Friedrich‐Christian , Schofer Joachim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundEvolut‐R 34 mm (received CE mark in January 2017) and Sapien‐3 29 mm are the only options for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with annulus ≥26 mm. We compared the short‐term outcomes of these valves in these patients.MethodsData was collected prospectively from consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis and annulus diameter larger than 26 mm treated by femoral approach TAVR.ResultsBetween February 1, 2014 to August 19, 2017 Sapien‐3 29 mm was implanted in 55 and Evolut‐R 34 mm in 37 consecutive patients. Device success rate was 98.2% and 97.3% (P = 1.0) and the composite peri‐procedural complication rate was 7.3% and 2.7% (P = .645) in Sapin‐3 29 mm and Evolut‐R 34 mm, respectively. Composite endpoint of early safety in‐hospital did not differ significantly [5(9.2%) vs 3(8.1%), P = 1.00], respectively. Prosthetic valve Gradients were significantly lower with Evolut‐R 34 mm [maximal (18.0 ± 5.8 vs 11.2 ± 4.8 mmHg, P < .001) and mean (10.0 ± 3.3 vs 6.3 ± 2.7 mmHg, P < .001)]. Pacemaker implantation rate was high in both groups, and numerically but not statistically significant higher with Evolut‐R [10/50 (20.0%) vs 8/28 (28.6%), P = .389].ConclusionsAs compared to Sapien‐3 29 mm the Evolut‐R 34 mm is a real alternative for TAVR in patients with a large annulus with a comparable peri‐procedural complication rate, better hemodynamic results but a trend for higher pacemaker rate.
Serial intravascular ultrasound evaluation of the DESolve™ novolimus‐eluting bioresorbable coronary scaffold system
Authors: Barreira Gentil , Costa J. Ribamar , Costa Ricardo , Staico Rodolfo , Chamie Daniel , Slhessarenko Juliano R. , Tanajura Luiz Fernando , Abizaid Andrea , Sousa Amanda , Abizaid Alexandre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionBioresorbable coronary scaffolds (BRS) have been developed to increase the late safety of coronary angioplasty by providing transitory coronary support and then being fully incorporated to the vessel wall. In the present trial, we sought to evaluate the performance and changes over time in the DESolve™ novolimus‐eluting BRS using serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients submitted to percutaneous coronary interventions.MethodsSingle‐center, prospective, non‐randomized study involving 17 consecutive patients submitted to implantation of the DESolve™ scaffold and serial evaluated with IVUS at different time points (post procedure, 6 and 18 months). Primary endpoint included the variation in lumen, scaffold, and vessel diameter and area along the months.ResultsAngiographic success was achieved in all cases. Scaffold area and volume on IVUS were significantly greater at 6 months than at baseline (6.41 ± 1.35 mm2 vs. 7.35 ± 1.53 mm2, P < 0.002; and 101.19 ± 20.9 mm3 vs. 118.51 ± 26.6 mm3, P = 0.001). Late lumen loss was 0.22 ± 0.30 mm at 6 months and 0.33 ± 0.44 mm at 18 months. No major adverse cardiac events occurred. At late follow‐up (18 months) the scaffold was not visualized by IVUS; therefore the evaluation was restricted to lumen and vessel at that time point.ConclusionsIVUS serial evaluation of the novel DESolve BRS showed an increase in the device dimensions between baseline and 6 months, with concomitant enlargement of lumen dimensions and effective suppression of neointimal proliferation. At 18 months, no footprint of the scaffold was detected and the initial lumen enlargement was sustained.
Recent Advances in Multicomponent Particle Assembly
Authors: Guo Dan , Song Yanlin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParticle assembly and co‐assembly have been research frontiers in chemistry and material science in the past few decades. To achieve a large variety of intricate structures and functional materials, remarkable progress has been made in particle assembly principles and strategies. Essentially, particle assembly is driven by intrinsic interparticle interactions or the external control. In this article, we focus on binary or ternary particle co‐assembly and review the principles and feasible strategies. These advances have led to new disciplines of microfabrication technology and material engineering. Although significant achievement on particle‐based structures has been made, it is still challenging to fully develop general and facile strategies to precisely control the one‐dimensional (1D) co‐assembly. This article reviews the recent development on multicomponent particle co‐assembly, which significantly increases structural complexity and functional diversity. In particular, we highlight the advances in the particle co‐assembly of well‐ordered 1D binary superstructures by liquid soft confinement. Finally, prospective outlook for future trends in this field is proposed.
Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Grasmik Viktoria , Rurainsky Christian , Loza Kateryna , Evers Mathies V. , Prymak Oleg , Heggen Marc , Tschulik Kristina , Epple Matthias 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpherical bimetallic AgAu nanoparticles in the molar ratios 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 with diameters of 30 to 40 nm were analyzed together with pure silver and gold nanoparticles of the same size. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) were used for size determination. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to determine the nanoalloy composition, together with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy. Underpotential deposition (UPD) of lead (Pb) on the particle surface gave information about its spatial elemental distribution and surface area. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to study the shape and the size of the nanoparticles. X‐ray powder diffraction gave the crystallite size and the microstrain. The particles form a solid solution (alloy) with an enrichment of silver on the nanoparticle surface, including some silver‐rich patches. UPD indicated that the surface only consists of silver atoms.
Regium–π bonds: An Unexplored Link between Noble Metal Nanoparticles and Aromatic Surfaces
Authors: Frontera Antonio , Bauzá Antonio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ability of metal clusters involving elements from group 11 (Ag, Cu, Au) to favorably interact with π systems of different size and electronic nature was evaluated at the PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVPP//PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory. The M9 clusters (M=Cu, Ag, Au) were used as σ‐hole and σ‐lump donors, and benzene, trifluorobenzene, and hexafluorobenzene as aromatic rings. In addition, the study was expanded to the analysis of extended π systems by using naphthalene and anthracene as well as their corresponding perfluorinated derivatives. Furthermore, Bader's theory of Atoms in Molecules as well as natural bonding orbital and spin‐density calculations were used to further investigate and characterize the regium–π and σ‐lump complexes described herein. Apparently, regium–π bonds have not previously been described in the literature and may be of great importance in the understanding of organocatalytic processes involving aromatic substrates as well as in the design of new materials based on this novel subclass of σ‐hole bonding.
Determination of the permittivity of n‐hexane/oil sands mixtures over the frequency range of 200 MHz to 10 GHz
Authors: Hu Lanxiao , Li Huazhou Andy , Ahmadloo Majid 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCombined electromagnetic (EM) heating and solvent injection has been recently proposed to recover bitumen from oil sands due to its great environmental friendliness. The permittivity of oil sands with the presence of solvent is a crucial property for the design, evaluation, and optimization of this process. In this study, we use the open‐ended coaxial probe method to measure the permittivity of oil sands over the frequency range of 200 MHz to 10 GHz. Results of the permittivity of the constituents of oil sands reveal that water is a major dielectric contributor; no relaxation phenomenon has been found for bitumen, sand, and n‐hexane over the tested frequency range. Also, the results for the oil sands mixtures show that water content is crucial for the permittivity of oil sands; both the dielectric constant and loss factor are enhanced with an increasing water content. With the addition of n‐hexane, the permittivity of bitumen slightly changes and fluctuates between the dielectric values of pure bitumen and n‐hexane. As for the n‐hexane/oil sands mixtures, the added n‐hexane induces the asphaltene aggregation/flocculation, affecting the interaction between water and asphaltene and leading to an enhanced free water content in the oil sands. Consequently, the permittivity of oil sands significantly increases after n‐hexane addition. Based on the experimental data, we evaluate the prediction accuracy of commonly used mixing models. A modified Lichtenecker‐Rother model considering effective water saturation is proposed to accurately characterize the permittivity of n‐hexane/oil sands mixtures. The obtained data and correlations can be useful when experimental data are missing.
Molecular anatomy of the alligator dorsal telencephalon
Authors: Briscoe Steven D. , Ragsdale Clifton W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe evolutionary relationships of the mammalian neocortex and avian dorsal telencephalon (DT) nuclei have been debated for more than a century. Despite their central importance to this debate, nonavian reptiles remain underexplored with modern molecular techniques. Reptile studies harbor great potential for understanding the changes in DT organization that occurred in the early evolution of amniotes. They may also help clarify the specializations in the avian DT, which comprises a massive, cell‐dense dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) and a nuclear dorsal‐most structure, the Wulst. Crocodilians are phylogenetically and anatomically attractive for DT comparative studies: they are the closest living relatives of birds and have a strikingly bird‐like DVR, but they also possess a highly differentiated reptile cerebral cortex. We studied the DT of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, at late embryonic stages with a panel of molecular marker genes. Gene expression and cytoarchitectonic analyses identified clear homologs of all major avian DVR subdivisions including a mesopallium, an extensive nidopallium with primary sensory input territories, and an arcopallium. The alligator medial cortex is divided into three components that resemble the mammalian dentate gyrus, CA fields, and subiculum in gene expression and topography. The alligator dorsal cortex contains putative homologs of neocortical input, output, and intratelencephalic projection neurons and, most notably, these are organized into sublayers similar to mammalian neocortical layers. Our findings on the molecular anatomy of the crocodilian DT are summarized in an atlas of the alligator telencephalon.
Thalamostriatal and cerebellothalamic pathways in a songbird, the Bengalese finch
Authors: Nicholson David A. , Roberts Todd F. , Sober Samuel J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe thalamostriatal system is a major network in the mammalian brain, originating principally from the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus. Its functions remain unclear, but a subset of these projections provides a pathway through which the cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia. Both the cerebellum and basal ganglia play crucial roles in motor control. Although songbirds have yielded key insights into the neural basis of vocal learning, it is unknown whether a thalamostriatal system exists in the songbird brain. Thalamic nucleus DLM is an important part of the song system, the network of nuclei required for learning and producing song. DLM receives output from song system basal ganglia nucleus Area X and sits within dorsal thalamus, the proposed avian homolog of the mammalian intralaminar nuclei that also receives projections from the cerebellar nuclei. Using a viral vector that specifically labels presynaptic axon segments, we show in Bengalese finches that dorsal thalamus projects to Area X, the basal ganglia nucleus of the song system, and to surrounding medial striatum. To identify the sources of thalamic input to Area X, we map DLM and cerebellar‐recipient dorsal thalamus (DTCbN). Surprisingly, we find both DLM and dorsal anterior DTCbN adjacent to DLM project to Area X. In contrast, the ventral medial subregion of DTCbN projects to medial striatum outside Area X. Our results suggest the basal ganglia in the song system, like the mammalian basal ganglia, integrate feedback from the thalamic region to which they project as well as thalamic regions that receive cerebellar output.
Chromaticity changes of inorganic pigments in Chinese traditional paintings due to the illumination of frequently‐used light sources in museum
Authors: Dang Rui , Yuan Ye , Liu Gang , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOptical radiation can cause permanent damage to the color of Chinese traditional paintings, which have extremely high responsivity in the museum illumination. In order to obtain quantitative influence laws of artificial illumination on inorganic pigments in Chinese traditional paintings and provide basis for choosing light sources, a long periodic illumination experiment was carried out to examine how prolonged exposure of three light sources (tungsten halogen, metal halide and white light emitting diodes), frequently‐used in museums, affect the chromaticity of five inorganic pigments [azurite (blue), cinnabar (red), orpiment (yellow), ancient graphite (black), clam shell powder (white)], commonly used in Chinese traditional paintings. Through the experiment, we found that the illumination causes a color change to inorganic pigments, and the degree of which is related to the photochemical stability of pigments and the high energy shortwave radiation in the light source spectrum. We also obtain the color change laws of the five pigments and the quantitative relationships of color damage for different painting types. These results can provide data basis for related research on Chinese traditional painting illumination and choice basis for light sources in museum lighting designs.
Dancheong colors used for Korean cultural heritage architecture restoration
Authors: Song Injung , Bang Byungsun , Oh Semin , Ha Hyeyoung , Kwak Youngshin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDancheong is Korean traditional decorative coloring on special wooden buildings, and it has been preserved by Danjeongjang as a national intangible cultural heritage—a craftman with a special skill to paint dancheong. All dancheong in the national heritage have been managed by the Cultural Heritage Administration following the standard procedure. However, there is no available information about final colors. In this study, a total of six different dancheong color paletts were prepared by six different apprentices of the living national treasures. In total, there were 20 different colors and 12 colors were shown in all six palettes. The color measurement result showed that well trained dancheong painter can reproduce the same colors repeatedly with fairly high precision with 1.8
on average except two colors—Ju‐hong and Yang‐cheong—showing high chroma differences, but with very similar lightness and hue angle indicating that hue of dancheong colors is the most important factor to judge the correctness of the color preproduction. The dancheong colors show large variations depending on the painters but the painters trained by the same teacher have the similar color palettes. Further in‐depth dancheong color investigation is needed to fully understand the contemporary dancheong colors.