bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep positioning systems for children and adults with a neurodisability: A systematic review
Authors: Humphreys Ginny , King Tanya , Jex Jo , Rogers Morwenna , Blake Sharon , Thompson-Coon Jo , Morris Christopher 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Sleep positioning systems are often prescribed as part of a 24-hour postural management programme for children and adults with neurodisabilities. In a search for evidence of effectiveness for children with cerebral palsy a recent Cochrane review found two randomised controlled trials. This review aims to appraise a broader set of studies including any neurological diagnosis and users of all ages to inform therapists about the quality of the evidence underlying practice. Method A comprehensive search for all peer-reviewed studies that evaluated the use of sleep positioning systems was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases, BNI, HMIC, PEDro, OTSeeker and clinical trials registries. Disability organisations, manufacturers and colleagues worldwide were also contacted. Titles were screened for relevance by two reviewers. Data were extracted into bespoke quantitative or qualitative forms by one reviewer and checked by a second. Findings were analysed into simple themes. Results A total of 14 studies were eligible for inclusion; all were small and most were of low quality. Inferences of benefits cannot be made from the literature but also no harm was found. Conclusions The body of evidence supporting practice remains small and mostly of low quality. Therapists should remain cautious when presenting the benefits to families.
Sports-Related Concussion Occurrence at Various Time Points During High School Athletic Events: Part 2
Authors: Covassin Tracey , Petit Kyle M. , Savage Jennifer L. , Bretzin Abigail C. , Fox Meghan E. , Walker Lauren F. , Gould Daniel 
Published: June 2018

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) injury rates, and identifying those athletes at the highest risk, have been a primary research focus. However, no studies have evaluated at which time point during an athletic event athletes are most susceptible to SRCs. Purpose: To determine the clinical incidence of SRCs during the start, middle, and end of practice and competition among high school male and female athletes in the state of Michigan. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: There were 110,774 male and 71,945 female student-athletes in grades 9 through 12 (mean time in high school, 2.32 ± 1.1 years) who participated in sponsored athletic activities (13 sports) during the 2015-2016 academic year. An SRC was diagnosed and managed by a medical professional (ie, MD, DO, PA, NP). SRC injuries were reported by certified athletic trainers, athletic administrators, and coaches using the Michigan High School Athletic Association Head Injury Reporting System. Time of SRC was defined as the beginning, middle, or end of practice/competition. Clinical incidence was calculated by dividing the number of SRCs in a time point (eg, beginning) by the total number of participants in a sport per 100 student-athletes (95% CI). Risk ratios were calculated by dividing one time point by another time point. Results: There were 4314 SRCs reported, with the highest in football, women’s basketball, and women’s soccer. The total clinical incidence for all sports was 2.36 (95% CI, 2.29-2.43) per 100 student-athletes. The most common time for SRCs was the middle, followed by the end of all events. Athletes had a 4.90 (95% CI, 4.44-5.41) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.40-1.60) times greater risk during the middle of all events when compared with the beginning and end, respectively. There was a 3.28 (95% CI, 2.96-3.63) times greater risk at the end of all events when compared with the beginning. Conclusion: Athletes were at the greatest risk for SRCs at the middle of practice and competition when compared with the beginning and end. Clinical Relevance: The current study suggests that medical attention is particularly important during the middle of all athletic events. Intervention measures to limit SRCs may be most beneficial during the middle of athletic events.
Positive Culture and Prognosis in Patients With Sepsis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Molina Fernando , Castaño Pablo , Plaza Maribel , Hincapié Carolina , Maya Wilmar , Cataño Juan Carlos , González Javier , León Alba , Jaimes Fabián 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To analyze the prognostic role of positive cultures in patients with sepsis. Methods: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary referral hospital in Medellín, Colombia. Adults older than 18 years of age with a bacterial infection diagnosis according to Centers for Disease Control criteria and sepsis (evidence of organ dysfunction) were included. A logistic regression model was used to determine the association between positive cultures and hospital mortality, and a Cox regression with a competing risk modeling approach was used to determine the association between positive cultures and hospital stay as well as secondary infections. Results: Overall, 408 patients had positive cultures, of which 257 were blood culture, and 153 had negative cultures. Patients with positive cultures had a lower risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27-0.68), but this association was not maintained after adjusting for confounding factors (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.31-1.01). No association was found with the hospital stay (adjusted subhazard ratio [SHR], 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83-1.35). There was no association between positive cultures and the presence of secondary infections (adjusted SHR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.58-1.71). Conclusion: Positive cultures are not associated with prognosis in patients with sepsis.
Facilitated Learning Groups: an initiative to enhance psychiatric training in South Australia
Authors: Asan Alvin , Gill Shane 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Facilitated Learning Groups (FLGs) were introduced by the South Australian Psychiatry Branch Training Committee in 2016 to provide support for trainees. These incorporated Balint group principles but also had roles that extended beyond a traditional Balint group. This paper reports an evaluation of these groups after their first 12 months. Methods: An evaluation form was sent to all trainee participants, seeking quantitative and qualitative feedback about their experience. Results: The majority of trainees found the FLGs to be beneficial. A thematic analysis of the written feedback revealed several key benefits for the participants, including having access to a senior psychiatrist who was outside of training and supervision, mixing with trainees across years and regions, and the capacity to discuss difficult work environments. Conclusions: A forum for trainees to develop reflective practice and discuss challenging issues, which is not involved in their assessment, was experienced positively by the majority of participants and should be considered for wider adoption across Australia and New Zealand.
CHOICES-TEEN: Reducing Substance-Exposed Pregnancy and HIV Among Juvenile Justice Adolescent Females
Authors: Parrish Danielle E. , von Sternberg Kirk , Benjamins Laura J. , Duron Jacquelynn , Velasquez Mary 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The feasibility and acceptability of CHOICES-TEEN—a three-session intervention to reduce overlapping risks of alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP), tobacco-exposed pregnancy (TEP), and HIV—was assessed among females in the juvenile justice system. Method: Females aged 14–17 years on community probation in Houston, TX, were eligible if presenting with aforementioned health risks. Outcome measures—obtained at 1- and 3-months postbaseline—included the Timeline Followback, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8, session completion/checklists, Working Alliance Inventory–Short, and open-ended questions. Twenty-two participants enrolled (82% Hispanic/Latina; mean age = 16). Results: The results suggest strong acceptability and feasibility with high client satisfaction and client/therapist ratings, 91% session completion, and positive open-ended responses. All youth were at risk at baseline, with the following proportions at reduced risk at follow-up: AEP (90% at 1 month, 71.4% at 3 months), TEP (77% of smokers [ n = 17] at reduced risk at 1 month, 50% at 3 months), and HIV (52.4% at 1 month, 28.6% at 3 months).
Premaxillary Setback With Posterior Vomerine Ostectomy: Outcomes of Single-Stage Repair of Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip With a Severely Protruding Premaxilla
Authors: Almas Fernando , Cote Valerie , Ramly Elie P. , Kantar Rami S. , Hamdan Usama 
Published: June 2018

Objective: Evaluating the safety and outcomes of premaxillary setback with posterior vomerine ostectomy in single-stage repair of complete bilateral cleft lip (CBCL) with severe premaxillary protrusion. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Multiple outreach surgical sites. Patients/Participants: From 2012 to 2016, 41 patients with CBCL and severe premaxillary protrusion underwent posterior vomerine premaxillary setback (PVPS) by a single surgeon in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru. Patients 4 months to 18 years old undergoing primary or revision CBCL surgery were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients with diagnosed syndromes were excluded. Interventions: Posterior vomerine premaxillary setback. Main Outcome Measures: Postoperative complications and postoperative aesthetic outcomes. Results: The mean age at surgery was 3.7 ± 3.8 years, with an average follow-up time of 17.0 ± 13.9 months. Patients underwent their procedures in Brazil (71%), Ecuador (22%), and Peru (7%). The majority of patients were aged 2 years or less (56%), were males (54%), had undergone prior surgery (56%), and had not undergone preoperative surgical orthopedics (95%). None of the patients developed major complications. All patients were able to undergo PVPS with concomitant required procedures and had good aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions: Few reports have evaluated single-stage CBCL repair or revision with severe premaxillary protrusion using PVPS. Our study shows that this technique is safe and results in good aesthetic outcomes. Further follow-up with anthropometric patient data is needed to evaluate long-term postoperative outcomes.
Less Bang for Your Buck? How Social Capital Constrains the Effectiveness of Social Welfare Spending
Authors: Compton Mallory E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRising economic insecurity in recent decades has focused attention on the importance of social welfare programs in managing household financial stability. Some governments are more effective than others in managing this outcome, and informal social institutions help explain why. Social capital is expected to shape economic security through multiple mechanisms, but whether the effect is to magnify or mitigate volatility is an open question. Part of the answer has to do with how social capital interacts with policy implementation, and whether it conditions the effectiveness of government spending. Evidence from the U.S. states from 1986 to 2010 fails to support a benevolent social capital thesis—not only is social capital associated withgreatereconomic insecurity, there is no evidence that it improves social welfare effectiveness. However, greater spending on some social programs can mitigate the adverse impact of social capital on economic security.
States Testing the Legal Limits: The Effect of Electoral Competition on the Constitutionality of State Statutes
Authors: Black Bryan M. , Shay Laine P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhen the U.S. Supreme Court decides to exercise judicial review on a law passed by a democratically elected institution, it can have a profound and critical impact on public policy. Furthermore, recent research shows that the Court more frequently declares state statutes unconstitutional than federal statutes. However, only a limited number of studies have extensively explored this political phenomenon. One aspect of a state that has not been considered in connection with the Supreme Court's use of judicial review over state legislation is the electoral environment in which the laws are produced. We argue that because electoral competition affects the legislative output from a state, it could also influence the likelihood that a state has a statute invalidated by the U.S. Supreme Court. When examining all states between 1971 and 2010, we find evidence in support of our theoretical expectation. Specifically, we find that an increase in electoral competition corresponds to an increased likelihood that a state has a statute invalidated by the Supreme Court. This finding contributes to our understanding of the Supreme Court's use of judicial review, and it also suggests that electoral pressure can incentivize states to craft unconstitutional public policy.
Automatic Cartilage Segmentation for Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hip Joint Cartilage: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hesper Tobias , Bittersohl Bernd , Schleich Christoph , Hosalkar Harish , Krauspe Rüdiger , Krekel Peter , Zilkens Christoph 
Published: June 2018

Objective Automatic segmentation for biochemical cartilage evaluation holds promise for an efficient and reader-independent analysis. This pilot study aims to investigate the feasibility and to compare delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) hip joint assessment with manual segmentation of acetabular and femoral head cartilage and dGEMRIC hip joint assessment using automatic surface and volume processing software at 3 Tesla. Design Three-dimensional (3D) dGEMRIC data sets of 6 patients with hip-related pathology were assessed (1) manually including multiplanar image reformatting and regions of interest (ROI) analysis and (2) automated by using a combined surface and volume processing software. For both techniques, T1Gd values were obtained in acetabular and femoral head cartilage at 7 regions (anterior, anterior-superior, superior-anterior, superior, superior-posterior, posterior-superior, and posterior) in central and peripheral portions. Correlation between both techniques was calculated utilizing Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results A high correlation between both techniques was observed for acetabular (ρ = 0.897; P < 0.001) and femoral head (ρ = 0.894; P < 0.001) cartilage in all analyzed regions of the hip joint (ρ between 0.755 and 0.955; P < 0.001). Conclusions Automatic cartilage segmentation with dGEMRIC assessment for hip joint cartilage evaluation seems feasible providing high to excellent correlation with manually performed ROI analysis. This technique is feasible for an objective, reader-independant and reliable assessment of biochemical cartilage status.
Interpretation of formation permeability and pressure responses from wireline formation testing with consideration of interlayers
Authors: Yang Min , Yang Daoyong , Chen Andrew 
Published: June 2018

We have developed a workflow to interpret formation permeability in a hydrocarbon reservoir with consideration of interlayers by numerically simulating the measured pump-out flow and pressure responses from wireline formation testing (WFT). With the field data obtained from a dual packer tool in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, we have developed and validated a high-resolution numerical model to simulate the fluid-sampling process together with transient pressure. History matching has been performed with field data to assess the effective thickness and then interpret the permeability for each flow unit. In addition to generating eight cases under various configurations of laminated layers, we use pressure buildup derivatives obtained from packers and observation probes as a diagnosis tool to examine the effect of the interlayer on WFT measurements. Oil-based mud-filtrate invasion affects the early-time behavior of pressure transients because of the associated changes in fluid viscosity and compositions. Low vertical permeability can behave as a vertical barrier for the flow in a WFT tool, indicating the difference contrast in permeability between individual flow units. As for the field case, effective water horizontal permeabilities for tests 1 and 2 are 14.0 and 10.6 mD, respectively. Low vertical permeability results in a distortion in the derivatives, particularly during the transition between flow regimes. In a laminated reservoir, a radial flow regime will develop when the radial length of interlayer is greater than the vertical formation interval and when the complete circular shape of interlayer is formed. It is recommended that any observation probe be positioned in or below the interlayer to accurately define the vertical communication of interlayers and its configuration. If dual packers and observation probes are located in the same zone, their pressure responses exhibit the same flow regimes; otherwise, different pressure responses can be developed in the observation probes when a partially sealing interlayer exists.
Predictors of Survival in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: An Analysis From the National Cancer Database
Authors: Tella Sri Harsha , Kommalapati Anuhya , Yaturu Subhashini , Kebebew Electron 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Context
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is rare; knowledge about prognostic factors and survival outcomes is limited.

Objective
To describe predictors of survival and overall survival (OS) outcomes.

Design and Patients
Retrospective analysis of data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2015 on 3185 patients with pathologically confirmed ACC.

Main Outcome Measures
Baseline description, survival outcomes, and predictors of survival were evaluated in patients with ACC.

Results
Median age at ACC diagnosis was 55 (range: 18 to 90) years; did not differ significantly by sex or stage of the disease at diagnosis. On multivariate analysis, increasing age, higher Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index score, high tumor grade, and no surgical therapy (all P &lt; 0.0001); and stage IV disease (P = 0.002) and lymphadenectomy during surgery (P = 0.02) were associated with poor prognosis. Patients with stage I-III disease treated with surgical resection had significantly better median OS (63 vs 8 months; P &lt; 0.001). In stage IV disease, better median OS occurred in patients treated with surgery (19 vs 6 months; P &lt; 0.001), and postsurgical radiation (29 vs 10 months; P &lt; 0.001) or chemotherapy (22 vs 13 months; P = 0.004).

Conclusion
OS varied with increasing age, higher comorbidity index, grade, and stage of ACC at presentation. There was improved survival with surgical resection of primary tumor, irrespective of disease stage; postsurgical chemotherapy or radiation was of benefit only in stage IV disease.
A novel live-cell imaging system reveals a reversible hydrostatic pressure impact on cell-cycle progression
Authors: Brooker Holly R. , Gyamfi Irene A. , Wieckowska Agnieszka , Brooks Nicholas J. , Mulvihill Daniel P. , Geeves Michael A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Life is dependent upon the ability of a cell to rapidly respond to changes in the environment. Small perturbations in local environments change the ability of molecules to interact and, hence, communicate. Hydrostatic pressure provides a rapid non-invasive, fully reversible method for modulating affinities between molecules both in vivo and in vitro. We have developed a simple fluorescence imaging chamber that allows intracellular protein dynamics and molecular events to be followed at pressures &lt;200 bar in living cells. By using yeast, we investigated the impact of hydrostatic pressure upon cell growth and cell-cycle progression. While 100 bar has no effect upon viability, it induces a delay in chromosome segregation, resulting in the accumulation of long undivided cells that are also bent, consistent with disruption of the cytoskeletons. This delay is independent of stress signalling and induces synchronisation of cell-cycle progression. Equivalent effects were observed in Candida albicans, with pressure inducing a reversible cell-cycle delay and hyphal growth. We present a simple novel non-invasive fluorescence microscopy-based approach to transiently impact molecular dynamics in order to visualise, dissect and study signalling pathways and cellular processes in living cells.
Sensory neuronal sensitisation occurs through HMGB-1–RAGE and TRPV1 in high-glucose conditions
Authors: Bestall Samuel M. , Hulse Richard P. , Blackley Zoe , Swift Matthew , Ved Nikita , Paton Kenneth , Beazley-Long Nicholas , Bates David O. , Donaldson Lucy F. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Many potential causes for painful diabetic neuropathy have been proposed including actions of cytokines and growth factors. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a RAGE (also known as AGER) agonist whose levels are increased in diabetes and that contributes to pain by modulating peripheral inflammatory responses. HMGB1 enhances nociceptive behaviour in naïve animals through an unknown mechanism. We tested the hypothesis that HMGB1 causes pain through direct neuronal activation of RAGE and alteration of nociceptive neuronal responsiveness. HMGB1 and RAGE expression were increased in skin and primary sensory (dorsal root ganglion, DRG) neurons of diabetic rats at times when pain behaviour was enhanced. Agonist-evoked TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ responses increased in cultured DRG neurons from diabetic rats and in neurons from naïve rats exposed to high glucose concentrations. HMGB1-mediated increases in TRPV1-evoked Ca2+ responses in DRG neurons were RAGE- and PKC-dependent, and this was blocked by co-administration of the growth factor splice variant VEGF-A165b. Pain behaviour and the DRG RAGE expression increases were blocked by VEGF-A165b treatment of diabetic rats in vivo. Hence, we conclude that HMGB1–RAGE activation sensitises DRG neurons in vitro, and that VEGF-A165b blocks HMGB-1–RAGE DRG activation, which may contribute to its analgesic properties in vivo.
p38δ MAPK regulates aggresome biogenesis by phosphorylating SQSTM1 in response to proteasomal stress
Authors: Zhang Chenliang , Gao Ju , Li Mengen , Deng Yongkang , Jiang Changan 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Aggresome formation is a major strategy to enable cells to cope with proteasomal stress. Misfolded proteins are assembled into micro-aggregates and transported to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) to form perinuclear aggresomes before their degradation through autophagy. So far, multiple factors have been identified as the activators of micro-aggregate formation, but much less is known about the regulatory mechanisms of their transport. Here, we report that proteasomal stress leads to the activation of p38 MAPK family members. Two of them, p38γ (MAPK12) and p38δ (MAPK13), are dispensable for micro-aggregate formation but are required for their targeting to the MTOC. Interestingly, p38δ promotes micro-aggregate transport by phosphorylating SQSTM1, a major scaffold protein that assembles soluble ubiquitylated proteins into micro-aggregates. Expression of the phospho-mimetic mutant of SQSTM1 in p38δ-knockout cells completely rescued their aggresome formation defects and enhanced their resistance to proteasomal stress to wild-type levels. This study reveals p38δ-mediated SQSTM1 phosphorylation as a critical signal for the targeting of micro-aggregates to the MTOC and provides direct evidence for the survival advantages associated with aggresome formation in cells under proteasomal stress.