bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender‐diverse boards and audit fees: What difference does gender quota legislation make?
Authors: Nekhili Mehdi , Gull Ammar Ali , Chtioui Tawhid , Radhouane Ikram 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effect of board (audit committee) gender diversity on audit fees in the French context. We also examine whether the relationship between the proportion of female directors and audit fees is moderated by the enactment of the gender quota law in 2011. We use the system GMM estimation approach on a matched sample of French firms listed in the SBF 120 index between 2002 and 2017. Consistent with the supply‐side perspective, we contend that female independent directors and female audit committee members, by improving board monitoring effectiveness, affect the auditor's assessment of audit risk, resulting in lower audit fees. Our findings also document that, by breaking the glass ceiling, the effectiveness of the gender quota law lies not in increasing the proportion of female insider directors, but in boosting the appointment of female independent directors and female audit committee members. Using the difference‐in‐difference approach, our results reveal that female independent directors and female audit committee members are more willing to assert their monitoring skills after the quota law, leading to lower audit fees. Moving beyond tokenism, we show that, after the quota law, the negative impact on non‐audit fees is strengthened only for female independent directors.
Blood pressure response to treatment of obese vs non‐obese adults with sleep apnea
Authors: Kuna Samuel T. , Townsend Raymond R. , Keenan Brendan T. , Maislin David , Gislason Thorarinn , Benediktsdóttir Bryndís , Gudmundsdóttir Sigrun , Arnardóttir Erna Sif , Sifferman Andrea , Staley Beth , Pack Frances M. , Guo Xiaofeng , Schwab Richard J. , Maislin Greg , Chirinos Julio A. , Pack Allan I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but not all, have a reduction in blood pressure (BP) with positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment. Our objective was to determine whether the BP response following PAP treatment is related to obesity. A total of 188 adults with OSA underwent 24‐hour BP monitoring and 24‐hour urinary norepinephrine collection at baseline. Obesity was assessed by waist circumference, body mass index, and abdominal visceral fat volume. Participants adherent to PAP treatment were reassessed after 4 months. Primary outcomes were 24‐hour mean arterial pressure (MAP) and 24‐hour urinary norepinephrine level. Obstructive sleep apnea participants had a significant reduction in 24‐hour MAP following PAP treatment (−1.22 [95% CI: −2.38, −0.06] mm Hg; P = .039). No significant correlations were present with any of the 3 obesity measures for BP or urinary norepinephrine measures at baseline in all OSA participants or for changes in BP measures in participants adherent to PAP treatment. Changes in BP measures following treatment were not correlated with baseline or change in urinary norepinephrine. Similar results were obtained when BP or urinary norepinephrine measures were compared between participants dichotomized using the sex‐specific median of each obesity measure. Greater reductions in urinary norepinephrine were correlated with higher waist circumference (rho = −0.21, P = .037), with a greater decrease from baseline in obese compared to non‐obese participants (−6.26 [−8.82, −3.69] vs −2.14 [−4.63, 0.35] ng/mg creatinine; P = .027). The results indicate that the BP response to PAP treatment in adults with OSA is not related to obesity or urinary norepinephrine levels.
The Effects of Crises and European Fiscal Governance Reforms on the Budgetary Processes of Member States
Authors: Raudla Ringa , Bur Sebastian , Keel Kati 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe goal of this article was to explore how the experience of the crisis and the fiscal governance reforms at the European level have influenced budget processes in member states. Drawing on the Europeanization, fiscal governance and pubic crisis management literature, the article first outlines a series of propositions about the kinds of shifts in the budget process that we would expect to ensue from the crisis experience and European reforms. The empirical part of our article explores the validity of those theoretical conjectures in three different member states: Portugal, Austria and Finland. We found that the crisis experience and European reforms have led to increased centralization of the budgetary process in all three countries. Although we would have expected Austria and Portugal to move closer towards the contracts approach of fiscal governance, this has not happened as the medium‐term expenditure frameworks are not viewed as binding.
Association between preeclampsia and autism spectrum disorder: a population‐based study
Authors: Maher Gillian M. , O'Keeffe Gerard W. , Dalman Christina , Kearney Patricia M. , McCarthy Fergus P. , Kenny Louise C. , Khashan Ali S. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe environmental contribution of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is approximately 17%–50%, highlighting the importance of investigating factors potentially contributing to the likelihood of its development, and of gaining a greater understanding of the pathogenesis surrounding ASD. The objective of this study was to examine the association between preeclampsia and ASD using a population‐based cohort study.MethodsAll singleton live births in Sweden from 1982 to 2010 were included, using data from Swedish National Registers. Exposures of interest included: (a) preeclampsia (classified according to ICD‐8, ICD‐9 and ICD‐10) and (b) preeclampsia and small for gestational age (SGA) combined, used as a proxy for preeclampsia with placental dysfunction. ASD status was based on ICD‐9 and ICD‐10. The cohort consisted of 2,842,230 children, with 54,071 cases of ASD. Follow‐up began from the child's first birthday, and data were censored at first diagnosis of ASD, death, migration or end of study period (31st December 2016). We conducted multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, adjusting for several perinatal and sociodemographic factors, selected a priori. We further controlled for shared genetic and familial confounding using sibling‐matched analysis.ResultsIn the adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, preeclampsia was associated with a 25% increase in the likelihood of ASD (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.25, 95% CI:1.19, 1.30) compared with those unexposed to preeclampsia, while in the sibling‐matched analysis the HR was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.28). The HR for preeclampsia and SGA combined was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.49, 1.85) in the adjusted Cox model and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.53, 2.48) in the sibling‐matched analysis.ConclusionsExposure to preeclampsia or preeclampsia/SGA (i.e. SGA baby exposed to preeclampsia) was associated with ASD. The stronger association with preeclampsia/SGA than preeclampsia alone suggests that placental pathology may be a mechanism for the increased likelihood of ASD.
Phylogeny and Genetic/Morphological Variation of Strombidinopsis minima‐like Species (Ciliophora: Choreotrichia)
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Xu Dapeng , Jung Jae‐Ho , Choi Joong Ki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSix isolates of mineral‐enveloped Strombidinopsis minima‐like species were collected from the coastal waters across several regions in Korea. Morphological observations and molecular analyses were performed. The ribosomal DNA sequences (including small subunit ribosomal DNA, internal transcriber spacer 1‐5.8S ribosomal DNA‐internal transcriber spacer 2; and part of large subunit ribosomal DNA) of these six isolates were compared. Their morphological characteristics were also compared with those of S. minima populations reported. The marked genetic differences (with a similarity range of 96.85–98.48%) in SSU rDNA among these S. minima‐like entities suggest the existence of multiple species. This finding is also supported by morphological variations detected in this study and reported in the literature (e.g. 15–32 collar membranelles in different populations). In addition, S. minima‐like species are clustered with S. batos and S. sinicum, and therefore, our SSU rDNA results support previous results suggesting that the genus Strombidinopsis is not monophyletic in origin. Further collection of morphological and molecular data may facilitate the determination of a new genus carrying mineral‐enveloped Strombidinopsis species.
CARBONATE RESERVOIR ROCKS AT GIANT OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN SW IRAN AND THE ADJACENT OFFSHORE: A REVIEW OF STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE AND PORO‐PERM CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Esrafili‐Dizaji B. , Rahimpour‐Bonab H. 
Published: September 2019

SW Iran and the adjacent offshore are prolific petroleum‐producing areas with very large proven oil and gas reserves and the potential for significant new discoveries. Most of the oil and gas so far discovered is present in carbonate reservoir rocks in the Dehram, Khami and Bangestan Groups and the Asmari Formation, with smaller volumes in the Dashtak, Neyriz, Najmeh, Gurpi, Pabdeh, Jahrum, Shahbazan, Razak and Mishan (Guri Member) Formations. The Permo‐Triassic Dehram Group carbonates produce non‐associated gas and condensate in Fars Province and the nearby offshore. The Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous Khami Group carbonates are an important producing reservoir at a number of offshore fields and in the southern Dezful Embayment, and are prospective for future exploration. Much of Iran's crude oil is produced from the Oligo‐Miocene Asmari Formation and the mid‐Cretaceous Sarvak Formation of the Bangestan Group in the Dezful Embayment.This review paper is based on data from 115 reservoir units at 60 oil‐ and gasfields in SW Iran and the adjacent offshore. It demonstrates that the main carbonate reservoir units vary from one‐another significantly, depending on the particular sedimentary and diagenetic history. Ooidal‐grainstones and rudist‐ and Lithocodium‐bearing carbonate facies form the most important reservoir facies, and producing units are commonly dolomitised, karstified and fractured. In general, reservoir rocks in the study area can be classified into six major types: grainstones; reefal carbonates; karstified, dolomitised and fractured carbonates; and sandstones. The stratigraphic distribution of these reservoir rocks was principally controlled by the palaeoclimatic conditions existing at the time of deposition. A comparative reservoir analysis based on core data shows that dolomitised and/or fractured, grain‐dominated carbonates in the Dehram Group, Lower Khami Group and Asmari Formation typically have better reservoir qualities than the Cretaceous limestones in the Upper Khami and Bangestan Groups.
Wave Propagation in an Unbounded Magneto-Thermoelastic Rotating Medium Permeated by a Heat Source
Authors: Gangopadhyaya Nilanjana , Lahiri Abhijit , Patra Pulak , Roy Surath 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Matrix method of solution is applied to determine generalized thermoelastic wave propagation in an unbounded medium due to periodically varying heat source under the influence of magnetic field. Green–Lindsay (GL) model of generalized thermoelasticity for finite wave propagation is considered along with a magnetic field for a rotating medium with uniform velocity. Basic equations are solved by eigenvalue approach method after compiling in a form of vector–matrix linear differential equation in Laplace transform domain. Finally inverting the perturbed magnetic field and other field variables by a suitable numerical method, the results are analyzed by depicting several graphs in space–time domain.
A Bayesian Inference-Based Approach to Empirical Training of Strongly Coupled Constituent Models
Authors: Flynn G. S. , Chodora E. , Atamturktur S. , Brown D. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPartitioned analysis enables numerical representation of complex systems through the coupling of smaller, simpler constituent models, each representing a different phenomenon, domain, scale, or functional component. Through this coupling, inputs and outputs of constituent models are exchanged in an iterative manner until a converged solution satisfies all constituents. In practical applications, numerical models may not be available for all constituents due to lack of understanding of the behavior of a constituent and the inability to conduct separate-effect experiments to investigate the behavior of the constituent in an isolated manner. In such cases, empirical representations of missing constituents have the opportunity to be inferred using integral-effect experiments, which capture the behavior of the system as a whole. Herein, we propose a Bayesian inference-based approach to estimate missing constituent models from available integral-effect experiments. Significance of this novel approach is demonstrated through the inference of a material plasticity constituent integrated with a finite element model to enable efficient multiscale elasto-plastic simulations.
Numerical Investigation on the Regime of Cavitation Shedding and Collapse During the Water-Exit of Submerged Projectile
Authors: Chen Ying , Gong Zhaoxin , Li Jie , Chen Xin , Lu Chuanjing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cavitation may develop on upward-launched submerged objects approaching sea surface with high speed. In this work, the cavitation shedding and collapse during the water-exit of an axisymmetric projectile is investigated using large eddy simulation (LES). High resolution is guaranteed by carefully fulfilling the requisites of y+<1, Δx+<100, and Δz+<40 to resolve at least 80% of the turbulent kinetic energy. The result indicates that the cavity in growth is always undeveloped as the ambient hydrostatic pressure keeps decreasing. The cavity is pushed by the water surface to shed downward and keep shrinking until its final collapse. The vapor inside cavity during the water-exit process is separated by a layer of water so as not to mix with the air. The front of the re-entrant jet barely catches up with the moving wall, and the cavity is pinched off by the joint effect of the jet front and water surface. It is also found that the angle of attack (AOA) generates inversely inclined liquid-vapor contact lines of the cavity leading edge and cavity closure. The advancing contact lines finally intersect on the pressure side to make the cavity break off, which can cause noticeable pressure impulse on the break-off spot. The pressure feature of the water-exit cavitation evolution is studied with intensively arranged monitor points on the wall, which can sense pressure peaks when the liquid-vapor contact lines sweep over them. The instantaneous high pressure induced by cavitation collapse is resolved.
Stress Prediction of Buried Pipes Subjected to Operational Loadings in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Randeniya Chamal , Robert Dilan , Li Chun-Qing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPipelines are used to provide variety of services in modern community and have grown rapidly in past few decades due to growing socio-economic requirements. Most of the water mains are buried in shallow depths where the soil is partially saturated with significant spatial and temporal variations. Even though the behavior of buried pipes in such unsaturated soil condition is substantially different when compared to dry or fully saturated soil, the effect of soil saturations is overlooked in the current pipe stress prediction methods, leading to unrealistic predictions of the pipe stresses. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) method was employed with advanced constitutive soil models to analyze the behavior of pipes buried in unsaturated soil condition. Having validated the FE model using reported field test data, an analytical model was proposed to predict the maximum stress in buried pipes considering soil saturation effect using a series of 3D FE analyses. Results from the FE analyses reveal that the maximum pipe stress can be significantly different when soil is in unsaturated condition when compared to dry condition. The proposed formula shows a good agreement with the field data and FE results, so that the expression can be used in the prediction of maximum pipe stress when they are buried under realistic (i.e., nondry) soil conditions.
Non-Axisymmetric Flows and Rotordynamic Forces in an Eccentric Shrouded Centrifugal Compressor—Part 2: Analysis
Authors: Song Jieun , Song Seung Jin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn integrated analytical model to predict non-axisymmetric flow fields and rotordynamic forces in a shrouded centrifugal compressor has been newly developed and validated. The model is composed of coupled, conservation law-based, bulk-flow submodels, and the model takes into account the flow coupling among the blades, labyrinth seals, and shroud cavity. Thus, the model predicts the entire flow field in the shrouded compressor when given compressor geometry, operating conditions, and eccentricity. When compared against the experimental data from part 1, the new model accurately predicts the evolution of the pressure perturbations along the shroud and labyrinth seal cavities as well as the corresponding rotordynamic stiffness coefficients. For the test compressor, the cross-coupled stiffness rotordynamic excitation is positive; the contribution of the shroud is the highest; the contribution of the seals is less than but on the same order of magnitude as that of the shroud; and contribution of impeller blades is insignificant. The new model also enables insight into the physical mechanism for pressure perturbation development. The labyrinth seal pressure distribution becomes non-axisymmetric to satisfy mass conservation in the seal cavity, and this non-axisymmetry, in turn, serves as the influential boundary condition for the pressure distribution in the shroud cavity. Therefore, for accurate flow and rotordynamic force predictions, it is important to model the flow coupling among the components (e.g., impeller, shroud, labyrinth seal, etc.), which determines the non-axisymmetric boundary conditions for the components.
Sensitivity and Forced Response Analysis of Anisotropy-Mistuned Bladed Disks With Nonlinear Contact Interfaces
Authors: Koscso Adam , Petrov Evgeny 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new method has been developed for the analysis of nonlinear forced response of bladed disks mistuned by blade anisotropy scatter and for the forced response sensitivity to blade material anisotropy orientations. The approach allows for the calculation of bladed disks with nonlinear friction contact interfaces using the multiharmonic balance method. The method uses efficient high-accuracy model reduction method for the minimization of the computational effort while providing required accuracy. The capabilities of the developed methods are validated and demonstrated using a two-blade model. A thorough study of the influence of the material anisotropy mistuning and its sensitivity on the characteristics of the forced response is carried out using finite element (FE) modes of anisotropy mistuned realistic bladed disk with nonlinear friction joints of blade roots and shroud contacts. The dependency of the nonlinear forced response on excitation level and contact pressure values has been carried out for anisotropy mistuned bladed disks.
Prelacteal and early formula feeding increase risk of infant hospitalisation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Nguyen Phung , Binns Colin W , Ha Anh Vo Van , Chu Tan Khac , Nguyen Luat Cong , Duong Dat Van , Do Dung Van , Lee Andy H 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo ascertain the relationship between prelacteal feeding, early formula feeding and adverse health outcomes, especially hospitalisation during the first year of life.DesignMulticentre prospective cohort study.SettingSix hospitals across three cities in Vietnam.PatientsA total of 2030 pregnant women were recruited at 24–28 weeks of gestation and followed up at hospital discharge, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months post partum.Main outcome measuresRates of infant hospitalisation, diarrhoea and lower respiratory tract infection during the first 12 months.ResultsFor the final complete sample (n=1709, 84%), about one-quarter of the infants experienced diarrhoea (25.5%) or were admitted to hospital with at least one episode (24.8%), and almost half (47.6%) the cohort contracted lower respiratory tract infection by 12 months. The prevalence of prelacteal feeding was high (56.5%) while formula feeding was common (79.5%) before hospital discharge, both of which increased the risks of adverse health outcomes particularly hospitalisation by approximately 1.5-fold, with adjusted OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.09 to 1.88) and 1.48 (1.07 to 2.05), respectively for these infants by 12 months, when compared with others who were exclusively breast fed.ConclusionsPrelacteal feeding and early formula feeding before hospital discharge are associated with higher risks of infection and hospital admission in Vietnamese infants. Support for exclusive breast feeding should be provided to mothers to avoid the adverse consequences of giving formula milk and prelateal foods.
Is faster better? A randomised crossover study comparing algorithms for closed-loop automatic oxygen control
Authors: Schwarz Christoph E , Kidszun André , Bieder Nicole S , Franz Axel R , König Jochem , Mildenberger Eva , Poets Christian F , Seyfang Andreas , Urschitz Michael S 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveClosed-loop automatic control (CLAC) of the fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) improved oxygen administration to preterm infants on respiratory support. We investigated whether a revised CLAC algorithm (CLACfast, ≤2 FiO2adjustments/min), compared with routine manual control (RMConly), increased the proportion of time with arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry within prespecified target ranges (Target%) while not being inferior to the original algorithm (CLACslow: ≤0.3 FiO2adjustments/min).DesignUnblinded randomised controlled crossover study comparing three modes of FiO2control in random order for 8 hours each: RMC supported by CLACfastwas compared with RMConlyand RMC supported by CLACslow. A computer-generated list of random numbers using a block size of six was used for the allocation sequence.SettingTwo German tertiary university neonatal intensive care units.PatientsOf 23 randomised patients, 19 were analysed (mean±SD gestational age 27±2 weeks; age at randomisation 24±10 days) on non-invasive (n=18) or invasive (n=1) respiratory support at FiO2>0.21.Main outcome measureTarget%.ResultsMean±SD [95% CI] Target% was 68%±11% [65% to 71%] for CLACfastversus 65%±11% [61% to 68%] for CLACslowversus 58%±11% [55% to 62%] for RMConly. Prespecified hypothesis tests of: (A) superiority of CLACfastversus RMConlyand (B) non-inferiority of CLACfastversus CLACslowwith margin of 5% yielded one-sided p values of <0.001 for both comparisons.ConclusionsThis revised and faster CLAC algorithm was still superior to routine care in infants on respiratory support and not inferior to a previously tested slower algorithm.Trial registration numberNCT03163108.