bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing dogma: Nonoperative management of small bowel obstruction in the virgin abdomen
Authors: Collom Morgan L. , Duane Therese M. , Campbell-Furtick Mackenzie , Moore Billy J. , Haddad Nadeem N. , Zielinski Martin D. , Ray-Zack Mohamed D. , Yeh Daniel D. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Management of small bowel obstruction (SBO) has become more conservative, especially in those patients with previous abdominal surgery (PAS). However, surgical dogma continues to recommend operative exploration for SBO with no PAS. With the increased use of computed tomography imaging resulting in more SBO diagnoses, it is important to reevaluate the role of mandatory operative exploration. Gastrografin (GG) administration decreases the need for operative exploration and may be an option for SBO without PAS. We hypothesized that the use of GG for SBO without PAS will be equally effective in reducing the operative exploration rate compared with that for SBO with PAS.

METHODS
A post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted for patients with SBO from February 2015 through December 2016. Patients younger than 18 years, pregnant patients, and patients with evidence of hypotension, bowel strangulation, peritonitis, closed loop obstruction or pneumatosis intestinalis were excluded. The primary outcome was operative exploration rate for SBO with or without PAS. Rate adjustment was accomplished through multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS
Overall, 601 patients with SBO were included in the study, 500 with PAS and 101 patients without PAS. The two groups were similar except for age, sex, prior abdominal surgery including colon surgery, prior SBO admission, and history of cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that PAS (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; p = 0.03) and the use of GG (OR, 0.11; p < 0.01) were independent predictors of successful nonoperative management, whereas intensive care unit admission (OR, 16.0; p < 0.01) was associated with a higher likelihood of need for operation. The use of GG significantly decreased the need for operation in patients with and without PAS.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with and without PAS who received GG had lower rates of operative exploration for SBO compared with those who did not receive GG. Patients with a diagnosis of SBO without PAS should be considered for the nonoperative management approach using GG.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level IV.
Analysing disturbance response of cell-to-cell communication systems: a case study for activator-repressor-diffuser motif
Authors: Kotsuka Taishi , Hori Yutaka 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn biomolecular communication networks, bacterial cells communicate with each other using a cell-to-cell communication mechanism mediated by diffusible signaling molecules. The dynamics of molecular concentrations in such systems are approximately modeled by reaction-diffusion equations. In this paper, we analyse the ability of cell-to-cell communication systems to attenuate impulsive disturbances with various spatial frequency profiles by computing the integrated squared concentration of molecules. In particular, we perform in-depth study of disturbance responses for an activator-repressor-diffuser biocircuit in the spatial frequency domain to characterize its spatial frequency gain.
Using a robotic fish to investigate individual differences in social responsiveness in the guppy
Authors: Bierbach David , Landgraf Tim , Romanczuk Pawel , Lukas Juliane , Nguyen Hai , Wolf Max , Krause Jens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResponding towards the actions of others is one of the most important behavioral traits whenever animals of the same species interact. Mutual influences among interacting individuals may modulate the social responsiveness seen and thus makes it often difficult to study the level and variation of individuality in responsiveness. Here, biomimetic robots (BRs) that are accepted as conspecifics but controlled by the experimenter can be a useful tool. Studying the interactions of live animals with BRs allows pinpointing the live animal’s level of responsiveness by removing confounding mutuality. In this paper, we show that live guppies (Poecilia reticulata) exhibit consistent differences among each other in their responsiveness when interacting with a biomimetic fish robot - ‘Robofish’ - and a live companion. It has been repeatedly suggested that social responsiveness correlates with other individual behavioral traits like risk-taking behavior (‘boldness’) or activity level. We tested this assumption in a second experiment. Interestingly, our detailed analysis of individual differences in social responsiveness using the Robofish, suggests that responsiveness is an independent trait, not part of a larger behavioral syndrome formed by boldness and activity.
Tinnitus development is associated with synaptopathy of inner hair cells in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Tziridis Konstantin , Forster Jan , Buchheidt-Dörfler Isabelle , Krauss Patrick , Schilling Achim , Wendler Olaf , Sterna Elisabeth , Schulze Holger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman hearing loss (HL) is often accompanied by comorbidities like tinnitus which is affecting up to 15% of the adult population. Rodent animal studies could show that tinnitus may not only be a result of apparent HL due to cochlear hair cell damage but can also be a consequence of synaptopathy at the inner hair cells (IHC) already induced by moderate sound traumata. Here we investigate synaptopathy previously shown in mice in our animal model, the Mongolian gerbil, and relate it to behavioral signs of tinnitus. Tinnitus was induced by a mild monaural acoustic trauma leading to monaural noise induced HL in the animals, quantified by auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry. Behavioral signs of tinnitus percepts were detected by measurement of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in a gap-noise paradigm. 14 days after trauma, the cochleae of both ears were isolated and IHC synapses were counted within several spectral regions of the cochlea. Behavioral signs of tinnitus were only found in animals with IHC synaptopathy, independent of type of HL. On the other hand, animals with apparent HL but without behavioral signs of tinnitus showed a reduction in amplitudes of ABR waves I&II but no significant changes in the number of synapses at the IHC. We conclude – in line with the literature – that HL is caused by damage to the IHC or by other reasons but that the development of tinnitus, at least in our animal model, is closely linked to synaptopathy at the IHC.
High-dimensional single-cell cartography reveals novel skeletal muscle resident cell populations
Authors: Giordani Lorenzo , He Gary J. , Negroni Elisa , Sakai Hiroshi , Law Justin Y. C. , Mona Siu M. , Wan Raymond , Tajbakhsh Shahragim , Cheung Tom H. , Le Grand Fabien 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdult tissue repair and regeneration require the activation of resident stem/progenitor cells that can self-renew and generate differentiated progeny. The regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle relies on muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and their interplay with different cell types within the niche. Yet, our understanding of the cells that compose the skeletal muscle tissue is limited and molecular definitions of the principal cell types are lacking. Using a combined approach of single-cell RNA-sequencing and mass cytometry, we precisely mapped the different cell types in adult skeletal muscle tissue and highlighted previously overlooked populations. We identified known functional populations, characterized their gene signatures, and determined key markers. Among the ten main cell populations present in skeletal muscle, we found an unexpected complexity in the interstitial compartment and identified two new cell populations. One express the transcription factor Scleraxis and generate tenocyte-like cells. The second express smooth muscle and mesenchymal cell markers (SMMCs). While distinct from MuSCs, SMMCs are endowed with myogenic potential and promote MuSC engraftment following transplantation. Our high-dimensional single-cell atlas uncovers principles of an adult tissue composition and can be exploited to reveal unknown cellular sub-fractions that contribute to tissue regeneration.
Spatial–temporal neighbourhood-level house price index
Authors: Sipan Ibrahim , Mar Iman Abdul Hamid , Razali Muhammad Najib 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a spatio-temporal neighbourhood-level house price index (STNL-HPI) incorporating a geographic information system (GIS) functionality that can be used to improve the house price indexation system.

Design/methodology/approach
By using the Malaysian house price index (MHPI) and application of geographically weighted regression (GWR), GIS-based analysis of STNL-HPI through an application called LHPI Viewer v.1.0.0, the stand-alone GIS-statistical application for STNL-HPI was successfully developed in this study.

Findings
The overall results have shown that the modelling and GIS application were able to help users understand the visual variation of house prices across a particular neighbourhood.

Research limitations/implications
This research was only able to acquire data from the federal government over the period 1999 to 2006 because of budget limitations. Data purchase was extremely costly. Because of financial constraints, data with lower levels of accuracy have been obtained from other sources. As a consequence, a major portion of data was mismatched because of the absence of a common parcel identifier, which also affected the comparison of this system to other comparable systems.

Originality/value
Neighbourhood-level HPI is needed for a better understanding of the local housing market.
An examination of the social economy: some new theoretical insights
Authors: Alam Jasmine , Boamah Mustapha Ibn , Moir Rob 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze social profit institutions (SPIs) in the context of the social economy. By drawing on case studies of existing businesses, this paper attempts to situate these businesses more broadly within the social economy.Design/methodology/approachVarious case studies are investigated to illustrate the innovative features of each model through a Lean Canvas tool.FindingsThe findings of the paper provide academics and social entrepreneurs alike more clarity on some of the evolving defining attributes and design features of each of the models SPIs employ.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the future challenges is to devise a framework or categorization system that encompasses all of the new forms of businesses, and hybrids, in a way which reflects their uniqueness and individual design.Practical implicationsIt allows for entrepreneurs in search of a sustainable business model to develop innovative business models and it provides better understanding on how to meet dual objectives.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a definition for SPIs and establishes the importance of classifying SPIs.
An empirical analysis of nature, magnitude and determinants of farmers’ indebtedness in India
Authors: Datta Subhendu , Tiwari Aviral Kumar , Shylajan C.S. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeAccording to the 70th round of the National Sample Survey published by the Government of India in 2014, the incidence of indebtedness among households in the rural areas of Telangana state, India, is twice that of rural all-India. Around 59 per cent of rural households are indebted in Telangana as against 31 per cent all-India. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent and magnitude of indebtedness among rural households in the Medak district of Telangana state. Further, the authors wanted to identify the sources of credit to these households and for what purpose the loans were utilised.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objective, the authors conducted a primary-level household survey in one of the distressed districts in newly formed state. The authors applied the Bayesian and the Lasso regression methods to identify the factors that impact indebtedness of a household.FindingsThe OLS results based on the Lasso regression results show that among all the explanatory variables, principal occupation, use of modern technology, the rate of interest, household medical expenditure and source of loan are significant, indicating that these variables significantly affect the loan taken by the farmers in the study area. The study shows that alternative sources of non-farm income and promotion of modern technology in agriculture can reduce the incidence of farmers’ indebtedness in India.Originality/valueThe paper contains significant information with regard to indebtedness. It focusses on the issue troubling the authorities the most. It provides the ground realities of the incidence of indebtedness in Medak, one of the most distressed districts of Telangana, a Southern Indian state. There have been very few similar studies done in the newly formed state. The paper has employed an advanced statistical technique, i.e. Heckman’s selection regression technique, to study farmers’ indebtedness in India. It provides a means of correcting for non-randomly selected samples, which otherwise can lead to erroneous conclusions and poor policy.
Attitudes toward intimate partner “honor”-based violence in India, Iran, Malaysia and Pakistan
Authors: Lowe Michelle , Khan Roxanne , Thanzami Vanlal , Barzy Mahsa , Karmaliani Rozina 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Although intimate partner violence (IPV) and “honor”-based violence (HBV) are major concerns throughout the world, little research has investigated the acceptance of these forms of abuse outside of the West. The purpose of this paper is to therefore respond to this gap in the literature by exploring attitudes toward HBV in a fictional depiction of IPV across four Asian samples: India, Iran, Malaysia and Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants (n=579) read a hypothetical scenario in which a husband, despite his own marital infidelity, verbally abuses and physically assaults his wife after discovering that she has been unfaithful. Participants then completed a questionnaire that assessed perceptions of damage to the husband’s honor, approval of intimate partner HBV against the wife, and perceptions of both the victim-wife and the perpetrator-husband.

Findings
The findings revealed that more males than females, across all four nations, were endorsing of honor-adhering attitudes in response to the perceived threat to the husband’s reputation resulting from the wife’s infidelity. Additionally, of the four samples, Pakistani participants were the most approving and Malaysians least endorsing of honor-adhering attitudes.

Originality/value
The results are discussed in relation to studies of honor-adherence in Asian populations. This study provides an original glimpse into the perceptions of intimate partner HBV in these not-often sampled nationalities.
The impact of financial support from non-resident family members on the financial performance of newer agribusiness firms in India
Authors: Gill Amarjit , Mand Harvinder Singh , Obradovich John D. , Mathur Neil 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial support from non-resident family members (FSNRFM) on the financial performance of newer agribusiness firms in India.Design/methodology/approachOwners of newer agribusiness firms (five years old or less) from India were surveyed regarding the perceived impact ofFSNRFMon the financial performance of newer agribusiness firms.FindingsThe results show that newer agribusiness firms withFSNRFMperform better than those withoutFSNRFM; and build higher levels of internal financing sources relative to the newer agribusiness firms withoutFSNRFM, which, in turn, improves their performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a co-relational study that investigated the association betweenFSNRFMand financial performance of newer agribusiness firms. There is not necessarily a causal relationship between the two. The findings of this study may only be generalized to firms similar to those that were included in this research.Originality/valueThe study enriches the literature concerning newer agribusiness firms and the factors that improve their financial performance. The results of this study can be of great significance for owners of these firms, financial managers, farm management consultants, and other stakeholders to understand the impact ofFSNRFMon financial performance of newer agribusiness firms.
Does technology transfer training concern for agriculture output in India? A critical study on a lateritic zone in West Bengal
Authors: Chandra Pradipta , Bhattacharjee Titas , Bhowmick Bhaskar 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the indicators of institutional barriers hindering the technology transfer training (TTT) process behind the technology adoption lag affecting the agricultural output in India through development of a scale.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative technique has been followed for data collection through a close-ended questionnaire scored on the seven-point Likert scale. The sample size was considered as 161; target respondents were farmers and farmer-centric individuals. Data were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis technique.FindingsFactor analysis revealed that there are three significant factors related to TTT process, namely, comprehension, customization and generalization, which are liable for institutional barriers in technology adoption by farmers.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is biasness from both respondents’ end and interviewer’s end might exist during survey due to differences in perception.Social implicationsThe key beneficiaries from this research are the small and marginal farming community in India. They can enhance their productivity through an appropriate training process. Corporates will show interest in investment through the mechanism of corporate social responsibility.Originality/valueUnder this study, the factors of the institutional barriers from the farmers’ perspective are being introduced as a new research contribution, especially for the resource crunch area of Jangalmahal and other similar places in India.
Investment strategies in the Latin American agri-business sub-sectors of agricultural commodities, biofuels and meat chains
Authors: Saravia-Matus Silvia , Saravia Matus Jimmy , Sotomayor Octavio , Rodriguez Adrian 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review and examine the recent investment trends of firms operating in the food, feed and biofuel production and processing sectors in Latin America. The inter-related nature of these three sub-sectors and the great expansion they have gone through in the last decade showcases a series of socioeconomic and environmental policy challenges thus making it relevant to identify their different business models through a typology.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper first presents an unprecedented literature review based on field observations and media coverage of agri-business strategies of the food, feed and biofuel production in the region. It then moves to an in-depth analysis of investment operations that serve to classify such firms into a business model typology considering degree of internationalization and integration. The typology is a useful mechanism to enhance public policy analysis and uncover market or government incentives behind business decisions.

Findings
By focusing on investment strategies, the paper illustrates how both market and government incentives shape and affect the performance and consolidation of different players in the food, feed and biofuel sub-sectors in Latin America. The resulting effects have strong economic as well as social and environmental implications because such economic activities have an impact on global food and energy security.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include a reliance on largely qualitative evidence and research methods due to unavailability of consistent numerical data in these specific agri-business sub-sectors.

Originality/value
This paper is unique in its focus on business models in a particularly relevant set of agri-business sub-sectors in Latin America and its implications to promote investment and innovation in value chain development while considering regional-specific challenges.
Neighbourhood planning: national strategy for ‘bottom up’ governance
Authors: Bogusz Barbara 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The paper aims to consider whether Neighbourhood Panning provides the appropriate output legitimacy for citizen engagement in the planning process. The Localism Act 2011 transformed the planning process by shifting decision-making powers away from the local institutions and transferring them to local people. Neighbourhood planning has created a new dynamic in planning by using “bottom up” governance processes which enables local people to shape the area where they live. Local referenda are used to inject output legitimacy in to neighbourhood planning, and this planning self-determination can be considered as “spatial sovereignty”, whereby the recipients of the planning decisions are also the primary stakeholders that have shaped planning policy.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper will examine how Localism, as an evolving concept of local governance, is enfranchising local communities to take control of planning and development in their area. The paper will draw upon the experience of the revised planning methodology introduced by the Localism Act 2011 and consider its impact on the delivery of broader public policy objectives contained within the National Planning Policy Framework.

Findings
Localism provides an alternative form of citizen engagement and democratic legitimation for planning decisions which transcends the traditional forms of participatory democracy, and recognises that other paths of democratic law-making are possible.

Originality/value
The paper argues that neighbourhood planning has created a paradigm whereby local planning preferences, as an expression of spatial sovereignty, do not necessarily align with the broader public policy objective to build homes in the right places.
Thermomechanical stress analysis for gas turbine blade with cooling structures
Authors: Tong Fujuan , Gou Wenxuan , Li Lei , Gao Wenjing , Feng Yue Zhu 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Blade tip clearance has always been a concern for the gas turbine design and control. The numerical analysis of tip clearance is based on the turbine components displacement. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal and mechanical effects on a real cooling blade rather than the simplified model.

Design/methodology/approach
The coupled fluid-solid method is used. The thermal analysis involves solid and fluid domains. The distributions of blade temperature, stress and displacement have been calculated numerically under real turbine operating conditions.

Findings
Temperature contour can provide a reference for stress analysis. The results show that temperature gradient is the main source of solid stress and radial displacement. Compared with thermal or mechanical effect, there is a great change of stress magnitude for the thermomechanical effect. Large stress gradients are found between the leading and trailing edge of turbine cooling blade. Also, the blade radial displacement is mainly attributed to the thermal load rather than the centrifugal force. The analysis of the practical three-dimensional model has achieved the more precise results.

Originality/value
It is significant for clearance design and life prediction.