bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligosaccharides successfully thwart hijacking of the salicylic acid pathway by Phytophthora infestans in potato leaves
Authors: van Aubel G. , Serderidis S. , Ivens J. , Clinckemaillie A. , Legrève A. , Hause B. , Van Cutsem P. 
Published: June 2018

Potato growing is severely threatened by the late blight agent Phytophthora infestans, which is usually controlled by massive amounts of fungicides. While variety resistance is often bypassed by the pathogen, the plant innate immunity opens the way to new biological plant protection tools, e.g. the COS‐OGA elicitor. This oligosaccharide composition mimics the interaction between plants and fungal pathogens as it combines chitosan oligomers (COS) with pectin‐derived oligogalacturonides (OGA). Two different COS‐OGA elicitors were evaluated against potato late blight: FytoSave, mainly efficient against powdery mildews, and FytoSol, a new composition still under development. In addition, a comparative study of plant defence induction was performed, focusing on the effect of repeated sprayings as well as on the stimulation of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid and ethylene‐related pathways during the biotrophic and necrotrophic growth stages of the pathogen. The FytoSave elicitor strongly increased the SA content but failed to induce sufficient protection against late blight, while FytoSol maintained or even decreased the free SA content in the presence of P. infestans and was completely efficient. Surprisingly, the necrotrophic development of P. infestans occurred along with a strong leaf accumulation of free SA and SA‐related transcripts. This may represent an attempt by P. infestans to divert plant defences for its own benefit. Preventive sprayings with FytoSol but not FytoSave completely impeded this hijacking. FytoSol seemed to keep the SA pathway under control, thereby preventing its diversion by P. infestans.
Understanding Rural Social Class in an Era of Global Challenge
Authors: Jensen Leif 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocial class is a foundational sociological concept that cuts across all domains of interest within rural sociology. Structured inequity rooted in social class and its intersectionalities also was the spark that drew many rural sociologists into the discipline. This article first considers definitions of social class and provides a rationale for its being the theme for the 2016 meetings of the Rural Sociological Society in Toronto, ON. It provides a brief sketch of social class in the rural and urban United States through an analysis of data from the General Social Survey. This leads into a discussion of four dimensions of social class that rural sociologists have helped to inform and on which more research is needed. These include class as a relational concept, class and economic livelihoods, expressions of class as signifiers of success, and the consequences of class stratification. Along the way, a sampling of RSS members are given voice as they describe in their own words the spark that ignited their pursuit of our discipline.
Retracted: Cucumber metal tolerance protein 7 (CsMTP7) is involved in the accumulation of Fe in mitochondria under Fe excess
Authors: Migocka Magdalena , Małas Karolina , Maciaszczyk‐Dziubinska Ewa , Papierniak Anna , Posyniak Ewelina , Garbiec Arnold 
Published: June 2018

Retraction statement: ‘Cucumber metal tolerance protein CsMTP 9 is a plasma membrane H+‐coupled antiporter involved in the Mn2+ and Cd2+ efflux from root cells’ by Magdalena Migocka, Anna Papierniak, Anna Kosieradzka, Ewelina Posyniak, Ewa Maciaszczyk‐Dziubinska, Robert Biskup, Arnold Garbiec and Tadeusz Marchewka (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tpj.13056) and ‘Cucumber metal tolerance protein 7 (CsMTP7) is involved in the accumulation of Fe in mitochondria under Fe excess’ by Magdalena Migocka, Karolina Małas, Ewa Maciaszczyk‐Dziubinska, Anna Papierniak, Ewelina Posyniak and Arnold Garbiec (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tpj.14006)The above articles published online in The Plant Journal on 20 October 2015 and 22 June 2018 respectively have been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief (Lee Sweetlove), John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University. The retraction has been agreed due to concern over image manipulation and duplication.
OsMADS25 regulates root system development via auxin signalling in rice
Authors: Zhang Guopeng , Xu Ning , Chen Hongli , Wang Guixue , Huang Junli 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe phytohormone auxin is essential for root development in plants. OsMADS25 is a homologue of the AGL17‐clade MADS‐box genes in rice. Despite recent progress, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of root development by OsMADS25 are not well known. It is unclear whether OsMADS25 regulates root development via auxin signalling. In this study, we examined the role of OsMADS25 in root development and characterized the signalling pathway through which OsMADS25 regulates root system development in rice. OsMADS25 overexpression significantly increased, but RNAi gene silencing repressed primary root (PR) length and lateral root (LR) density. Moreover, OsMADS25 promoted LR development in response to NO3−. Further study showed that OsMADS25 increased auxin accumulation in the root system by enhancing auxin biosynthesis and transport, while also reducing auxin degradation, therefore stimulating root development. More importantly, OsMADS25 was found to regulate OsIAA14 expression directly by binding to the CArG‐box in the promoter region of OsIAA14, which encodes an Aux/indole acetic acid (IAA) transcriptional repressor of auxin signalling. Elevated auxin levels and decreased OsIAA14 expression might lead to reduced OsIAA14 protein accumulation, as a mechanism to regulate auxin signalling. Therefore, our findings reveal a molecular mechanism by which OsMADS25 modulates root system growth and development in rice, at least partilly, via Aux/IAA‐based auxin signalling.
Magnetic resonance imaging of a giant frontal hemorrhagic mucocele with intracranial extension in a cat
Authors: Vandenberghe Hélène , Thibaud Jean‐Laurent , Moissonnier Pierre , Blot Stéphane 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 6‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat was presented with an acute onset of right cortical encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed 4 days after the onset of clinical signs revealed a lesion originating from the right frontal sinus with intracranial extension and compression of the right frontal lobe. The lesion was T1‐weighted hypointense and T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense. Signal voids within the lesion were observed on T2* images, consistent with hemorrhage. Peripheral ring enhancement was visible on postcontrast sequences. These features were consistent with a giant hemorrhagic mucocele. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of MRI characteristics of this lesion in a cat.
Human mesenchymal‐stem‐cells‐derived exosomes are important in enhancing porcine islet resistance to hypoxia
Authors: Nie Wei , Ma Xiaoqian , Yang Cejun , Chen Zeyi , Rong Pengfei , Wu Minghua , Jiang Jianhui , Tan Mengqun , Yi Shounan , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia‐induced damage is one of the key factors associated with islet graft dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be used to enhance the therapeutic effect of islet transplantation due to their paracrine potential such as exosomes. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes from human umbilical cord‐derived MSC‐conditioned medium (hu‐MSC‐CM) could increase the survival and function of neonatal porcine islet cell clusters (NICCs) exposed to hypoxia.MethodsNeonatal porcine islet cell clusters were cultured with hu‐MSC‐CM, with or without exosomes, and native medium RPMI‐1640 (Control) under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). The effects of exosomes on NICCs viability and function in vitro were examined by FACS, the Loops system, and the Extracellular Flux assay, respectively.ResultsCompared with NICCs cultured in RPMI‐1640 medium and hu‐MSC‐CM without exosomes, the survival ratio, viability, and function increased in NICCs cultured in hu‐MSC‐CM with exosomes.ConclusionsThis study found that hu‐MSC‐CM could protect NICCs from hypoxia‐induced dysfunction, and exosomes played an important role in hypoxic resistance, suggesting a potential strategy to improve islet transplantation outcomes.
Glycosphingolipids of porcine, bovine, and equine pericardia as potential immune targets in bioprosthetic heart valve grafts
Authors: Barone Angela , Benktander John , Whiddon Christy , Jin Chunsheng , Galli Cesare , Teneberg Susann , Breimer Michael. E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPericardial tissue from various animal species is utilized for the production of the bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) used clinically. Experimental data show that the eventual breakdown of BHV is partly due to immunological interactions with carbohydrate tissue antigens. To understand these processes, we have examined the glycolipid‐based carbohydrate antigens in naïve porcine, bovine, and equine pericardia.ExperimentalTotal non‐acid and acid glycosphingolipid fractions were isolated from porcine, bovine, and equine pericardia, and individual glycolipid compounds were characterized by thin‐layer chromatography, mass spectrometry, and binding of monoclonal antibodies, lectins and bacteria in chromatogram binding assays.ResultsThe non‐acid glycolipid fractions from all species contained glycosphingolipids based on the globo‐ and neolacto‐series, including pentaglycosylceramides with terminal Galα3 determinants. Terminal blood group A and H (O) structures based on type 2 core chains were present in porcine pericardium, while the Forssman pentaosylceramide was found in equine pericardium. All acid glycolipid fractions contained sulfatide and several gangliosides with both N‐acetyl‐ and N‐glycolyl‐neuraminic acid as terminal saccharide chain determinants.ConclusionSeveral carbohydrate antigens which are potential targets for the human immune system have been identified in the animal pericardial tissues used for the production of BHV. Which of these antigens are left in the tissues after industrial BHV production processes, as well as their potential role in eventual BHV degradation, remains to be elucidated.
Evolution of sialic acids: Implications in xenotransplant biology
Authors: Paul Anu , Padler‐Karavani Vered 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll living cells are covered with a dense “sugar‐coat” of carbohydrate chains (glycans) conjugated to proteins and lipids. The cell surface glycome is determined by a non‐template driven process related to the collection of enzymes that assemble glycans in a sequential manner. In mammals, many of these glycans are topped with sialic acids (Sia), a large family of acidic sugars. The “Sialome” is highly diverse owing to various Sia types, linkage to underlying glycans, range of carriers, and complex spatial organization. Presented at the front of cells, Sia play a major role in immunity and recognition of “self” versus “non‐self,” largely mediated by the siglecs family of Sia‐binding host receptors. Albeit many mammalian pathogens have evolved to hijack this recognition system to avoid host immune attack, presenting a fascinating host‐pathogen evolutionary arms race. Similarly, cancer cells exploit Sia for their own survival and propagation. As part of this ongoing fitness, humans lost the ability to synthesize the Sia type N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), in contrast to other mammals. While this loss had provided an advantage against certain pathogens, humans are continuously exposed to Neu5Gc through mammalian‐derived diet (eg, red meat), consequently generating a complex immune response against it. Circulating anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies together with Neu5Gc on some human tissues mediate chronic inflammation “xenosialitis” that exacerbate various human diseases (eg, cancer and atherosclerosis). Similarly, Neu5Gc‐containing xenografts are exposed to human anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies with implications to sustainability. This review aimed to provide a glimpse into the evolution of Sia and their implications to xenotransplantation.
Determinants of stakeholders’ attitudes to xenotransplantation
Authors: Amin Latifah , Hashim Hasrizul , Mahadi Zurina , Che Ngah Anisah , Ismail Khaidzir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in xenotransplantation have the potential to resolve the issue of organ shortages. Despite this, the procedure is expected to meet with a degree of resistance from the public. The purpose of this study was to identify the relevant factors influencing stakeholders’ attitudes towards xenotransplantation.MethodsA multidimensional survey instrument measuring attitudes to xenotransplantation, including the factors that predict such attitudes, was developed based on earlier studies and validated. It was then completed by 469 respondents who were stratified in accordance with stakeholder groups in Malaysia. A single‐step SEM analysis was then conducted to estimate the measurement and create a structural model using IBM SPSS Amos version 20 with a maximum‐likelihood function.ResultsThe attitudes of Malaysian stakeholders towards xenotransplantation were moderately positive (mean score of 4.20). The most important direct predictor of attitude to xenotransplantation was perceived benefit (β = 0.59, P < .001) followed by perceived moral concern (β = −0.32, P < .001). Perceived risk had a strong positive association with moral concern (β = 0.65, P < .001), while attitude to nature had a positive association with perceived benefit (β = 0.16, P < .01) and a negative association with perceived risk (β = −0.19, P < .01). Religiosity had a positive relationship with perceived risk (β = 0.13, P < .05) while engagement with biotechnology had a positive relationship with perceived benefits (β = 0.26, P < .001) and a negative association with risks (β = −0.15, P < .05) and moral issues (β = −0.11, P < .05).ConclusionThe Malaysian stakeholders were cautious about xenotransplantation. This study showed that their views regarding the application are complex and multifaceted.
Geological characterization and assessment of confining layer potential of the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale, Michigan Basin, USA
Authors: Sattler Frank R. , Barnes David A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the geological controls on stratigraphic and lithologic variability in the Ordovician Utica Shale and related Collingwood Member in the Michigan Basin in order to assess CO2 sequestration cap rock (seal) potential, including petrophysical properties and mechanical fracture responses. Twelve conventional cores and hundreds of modern well logs from the Michigan Basin were analyzed to correlate and calibrate wireline log signatures with whole-rock mineral composition (from X-ray diffraction analysis) and mechanical properties (from core analysis) to identify brittle, fracture-prone zones, and to validate the Utica Shale as a regional geologic seal. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy with Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscope (QEMSCAN®) software was employed to image pores and for quantitative analysis of mineralogy, texture, and porosity. Mercury injection capillary pressure and triaxial strength testing was conducted to assess petrophysical properties and mechanical responses. The results suggest the Utica Shale could reliably contain upwards of 1500 m of buoyant, supercritical CO2 stored in underlying Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs.
A new sequence stratigraphic model for the Silurian A-1 Carbonate (Ruff Formation) of the Michigan Basin
Authors: Rine Matthew J. , Kaczmarek Stephen E. , Garrett Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The A-1 Carbonate is the primary hydrocarbon source rock and an important reservoir component of the Silurian (Niagaran) pinnacle reef complexes in the Michigan Basin. The geology of the A-1 Carbonate, however, is not widely known because the majority of published research about this hydrocarbon system focuses on the pinnacle reefs. To gain a better understanding of the sedimentology and stratigraphy of the A-1 Carbonate, we integrated data from slabbed core, thin section petrography, gamma-ray logs, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF). Thirteen distinct lithofacies within the A-1 Carbonate are recognized, with inferred depositional environments ranging from intertidal-sabkha to deep basin. The recognition of deep-water lithofacies contrasts significantly with previous interpretations of the A-1 Carbonate as a shallow, peritidal deposit.
Lithofacies stacking patterns and ED-XRF elemental trends within the A-1 Carbonate are consistent with basinwide sea-level fluctuations that resulted in deposition of three major stratigraphic units, called the Lower A-1 Carbonate, Rabbit Ear Anhydrite, and Upper A-1 Carbonate. The basal part of the Lower A-1 Carbonate was deposited during a basinwide transgression, as evidenced by deep-water pelagic carbonate accumulation in the basin center, lithofacies that become progressively muddier from bottom to top, and higher concentrations of Si, Al, and K upward, which are interpreted to reflect the influx of continental sediments. The subsequent highstand deposits of the upper part of the Lower A-1 Carbonate are characterized by a decrease in Si, Al, and K, coupled with a shallowing-upward facies succession consistent with increased carbonate production rates. The Rabbit Ear Anhydrite, which bifurcates the Upper and Lower A-1 Carbonate units, exhibits a variety of anhydrite fabrics across a wide range of paleotopographic settings within the basin. The Rabbit Ear Anhydrite is interpreted to reflect a time-correlative sea-level drawdown, which caused basin restriction, gypsum deposition, and elevated concentrations of redox-sensitive elements, such as Mo and Ni. The Upper A-1 Carbonate represents sedimentation during another major basinwide transgression that culminated in the deposition of shallow-water microbialites on the crests of previously exposed Niagara reef complexes. Similar to the Lower A-1 Carbonate, the base of the Upper A-1 Carbonate exhibits elemental signatures indicative of continental influence, whereas the overlying highstand deposits are characterized by more normal marine conditions and lower concentrations of Si, Al, and K.
Regional reservoir characterization of the Ordovician Upper St. Peter Sandstone, Michigan Basin, USA
Authors: Stephen Zdan , Barnes David A. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The Middle Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone in the Michigan Basin is a target for hydrocarbon exploration/production, and carbon sequestration and geologic storage. The St. Peter Sandstone is predominantly a marine sandstone with four dominant lithologic facies. The uppermost facies contains zones of porosity and good reservoir quality. Because of the mostly uniform, quartzose detrital grain composition, diagenesis played a dominant role in reservoir quality development. The distribution of diagenetic alteration is believed to result from variations in depositional setting and related geologic processes, including variations in sediment accumulation rate. Early marine carbonate cements preserved precompaction intergranular space available for late diagenetic processes, including the inhibition of quartz overgrowth and decementation. Data from conventional cores, petrographic/petrologic techniques, and wireline logs were used to assess stratigraphic and sedimentologic controls on vertical and horizontal variability of reservoir quality. Evidence for early marine cements and related enhanced reservoir quality is associated with thin shale beds (interpreted as flooding surfaces), which are regionally correlative across the basin.
Utilization of modern and ancient analogs to constrain 3-D geostatistical models, Devonian of South Buckeye field, Michigan Basin
Authors: McCloskey Shawn M. , Grammer G. Michael 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Middle Devonian Dundee Formation carbonates are prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs throughout the Michigan Basin that have produced in excess of 375 million barrels of oil from more than 100 fields. There is limited fundamental understanding of the complex facies mosaics and stratigraphic architecture in this interval. This stratigraphic complexity is likely controlling the reservoir architecture in both lateral and vertical dimensions. The primary goal of this study was to develop a more detailed understanding of the stratigraphic architecture of the Dundee Formation in the South Buckeye field through utilization of closely spaced subsurface cores and accompanying wireline logs. Data on facies types, vertical stacking patterns, and variability within the field were then combined with modern and ancient analogs to develop the parameters to populate a series of three-dimensional (3-D) static geostatistical models. A fundamental question was to determine if the geographic distribution of patch reefs in the South Buckeye field could be accurately modeled with industry-standard geostatistical software (Schlumberger’s Petrel) based on core and wireline log data without a tie to 3-D seismic data. This study used geometrical data from multiple modern and ancient depositional analogs to constrain the geostatistical models. The geographic distribution and internal architecture of patch reefs were defined through the integration of petrophysical and high-density petrographic analyses from the subsurface core data.
Based on core, wireline log analysis, and depositional analogs, three end-member interpretations were modeled geostatistically and used to define the distribution and scale of the patch reef reservoirs in the South Buckeye field. As with many carbonate reservoirs, a 3-D static reservoir model is a critical step in the workflow for efficient hydrocarbon extraction, natural gas storage, and CO2 sequestration, and this study provides insight into the Michigan Basin Dundee Formation patch reefs as well as possibly other Devonian carbonates and reef trends around the world.