bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary production, carbon release, and respiration during spring bloom in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Spilling Kristian , Fuentes‐Lema Antonio , Quemaliños Daniel , Klais Riina , Sobrino Cristina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe determined the gross and net primary production (GPP and NPP) for the total community and the < 10 μm size fraction, the net release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the microbial respiration in the Baltic Sea during the spring bloom. Samples (n = 126) were taken from the surface (3 m depth) covering most subbasins and different phases of the bloom, defined by the inorganic nutrient and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations. During the course of the bloom, the NPP rate (i.e., growth rate) decreased from 0.34 d−1 ± 0.03 (SE) to 0.15 d−1 ± 0.02 (SE), the contribution of the < 10 μm fraction increased from 14% ± 2.5 (SE) to 47% ± 4.0 (SE) and the percent extracellular release (PER) increased from 3.8% ± 0.7 (SE) to 8.9% ± 1.5 (SE). The assimilation number, was on average 0.13 mol C (g Chl a)−1 h−1 ± 0.01 (SE), and the average GPP:NPP rate was 1.25. The respiration increased with growth rate and was 21% of the GPP rate. The net release of DOC was relatively constant over the bloom phases, with increasing PER compensating for the reduction in biomass, and estimated to 24–36 μmol DOC L−1 during the whole spring bloom period in all subbasins except in the Bay of Bothnia where it was 75% lower. The assimilation number was surprisingly stable, suggesting it is uncoupled from the inorganic nutrient concentration, likely a reflection of physiological acclimation and changing phytoplankton community.
A model to predict ventilator requirement in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Vivekananda Umesh , Turner Chris 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionRespiratory failure is one of the most common causes of mortality in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). The variation in the DM1 phenotype causes difficulty in clinically predicting the severity of respiratory involvement, and variables such as daytime somnolence are insensitive for identifying patients who require continuous or bilevel nocturnal positive airway pressure (NPAP).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 126 adult onset patients with DM1 at the point of their first respiratory assessment to identify significant factors in predicting ventilator requirement.ResultsTriplet repeat years score and Muscle Impairment Rating Scale were significantly linearly related to NPAP and, thus, formed the model.DiscussionWe devised a simple model to aid clinicians in predicting at first visit those patients with DM1 who are likely to require NPAP. We also describe the causes of failure to tolerate NPAP in DM1. Muscle Nerve 59:683–687, 2019
Phenotype may predict the clinical course of facioscapolohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ricci Giulia , Cammish Philip , Siciliano Gabriele , Tupler Rossella , Lochmuller Hanns , Evangelista Teresinha 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe correct phenotypic classification of patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is crucial for directing genetic diagnosis and for the definition of outcome measures in clinical trials.MethodsOur objective was to ascertain the utility of the Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation Form (CCEF), the clinical classification proposed by the Italian Clinical Network for FSHD, in an independent FSHD patient population from the UK FSHD Patient Registry. We subdivided the patients into group 1, classic FSHD phenotype/category A of CCEF, and group 2, facial sparing phenotypes/category B1 of CCEF.ResultsAmong 642 patients with FSHD1, 68.1% reported facial and shoulder weakness, whereas 24.1% reported shoulder weakness without facial impairment. The phenotype in group 2 was milder, with a higher mean age at onset (P < 0.0001) and less severe motor disability.DiscussionPatients with different FSHD phenotypes may have different disease courses. Muscle Nerve 59:711–713, 2019
Assessing anxiety and its correlates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The state‐trait anxiety inventory
Authors: Siciliano Mattia , Trojano Luigi , Trojsi Francesca , Monsurrò Maria Rosaria , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Santangelo Gabriella 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We evaluated: (1) psychometric properties of State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI Form Y); (2) clinical correlates of state and trait anxiety; (3) associations of anxiety with quality of life (QoL) dimensions.Methods: We assessed 159 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) on STAI Form Y and on tests and questionnaires for depression, apathy, QoL, and cognitive abilities.Results: Clinically diagnosed anxiety (by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) occurred in 30 (19%) patients. STAI Form Y fitted a 2‐factor structure and showed good psychometric properties. State and trait anxiety were weakly associated with female sex, bulbar functional decay, and cognitive decline in language and memory; trait anxiety was associated with lower educational attainment and poorer scores on visuospatial tasks. State and trait anxiety were associated with poorer physical and psychosocial QoL dimensions.Conclusions: Anxiety is tightly associated with QoL in ALS, and can be reliably assessed by STAI Form Y.Muscle Nerve, 2019
Portable fixed dynamometry to quantify ankle dorsiflexion force
Authors: Mauracher Marita E. , Asmussen Michael J. , Nigg Sandro R. , Omu Onutobor , Jarvis Scott E. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Quantifying muscle strength is critical in clinical and research settings. A rapid and objective method is ideal. The primary objective of this study was to examine the reliability of a novel device, the rapid objective quantification― tibialis anterior (ROQ‐TA), which quantifies the dorsiflexion force of the tibialis anterior, and to assess its validity against isokinetic dynamometry (IKD). Methods: Ankle dorsiflexion of 20 healthy subjects was assessed by 3 modalities, ROQ‐TA, manual muscle testing, and isokinetic dynamometry, over 2 testing sessions. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(2,1)] for reliability was 0.872 (0.677–0.949) for the ROQ‐TA and 0.892 (0.728–0.957) for IKD. For validity, the ICC(2,1) values for the ROQ‐TA and IKD were in good agreement, with 0.672 (0.17–0.87) in the first testing session and 0.769 (0.42–0.91) in the second session. Discussion: The ROQ‐TA is a valid and reliable device to test ankle dorsiflexion force in a healthy population. Muscle Nerve, 2018
Robust guaranteed cost control for time‐delay fractional‐order neural networks systems
Authors: Thuan Mai Viet , Huong Dinh Cong 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the problem of guaranteed cost control of uncertain fractional‐order neural networks systems with time delays. By employing the Lyapunov‐Razumikhin theorem, a sufficient condition for designing a state‐feedback controller which makes the closed‐loop system asymptotically stable and guarantees an adequate cost level of performance is derived in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities. Two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Free volume defects and transport properties of mechanically stable polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane embedded poly(vinyl alcohol)‐poly(ethylene oxide) blend membranes
Authors: Swapna Valiya Parambath , Nambissan Padinharu Madathil Gopalakrishnan , Thomas Selvin P , Vayyaprontavida Kaliyathan Abitha , Jose Thomasukutty , George Soney C , Thomas Sabu , Stephen Ranimol 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolymer membrane based gas transport and pervaporation processes are fast growing areas in separation technology and have received wide attention as areas of ‘clean technology’. Mechanically stable novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) embedded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blend membranes were prepared by solution blending followed by casting. The addition of carboxymethyl cellulose enhanced the interfacial activities of the PVA and PEO blends. The peripheral organic substituent on POSS plays a key role in achieving compatibility with polymers whereas the rigid Si–O–Si core of POSS imparts high mechanical strength. Compared to PVA membrane, poly(ethylene glycol) and octa(tetramethylammonium) functionalized POSS embedded PVA/PEO membranes exhibit 680% and 580% enhancement in Young's modulus as well as 130% and 140% improvement in tensile strength respectively. The Einstein, Kerner and Frankel–Acrivos models were applied to compare the experimental and theoretical Young's modulus of PVA‐PEO/POSS membranes. The presence of an ethylene oxide tail on POSS as well as PEO in the blend membrane enhances the CO2 affinity of the membrane. The presence of a hydrophilic functional group on the POSS improves the hydrophilicity of the membrane and produces more binding sites for water molecules in the membrane during the pervaporation separation of a tetrahydrofuran–water azeotropic mixture. The transport properties of the membrane are further elucidated by means of free volume defect analysis carried out by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Insight into shear‐induced modification for improving processability of polymers: Effect of shear rate on the evolution of entanglement state
Authors: Fu Jiaxin , Wang Yingxiong , Shen Kaizhi , Fu Qiang , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMany experimental results have revealed that the re‐entanglement kinetics of disentangled polymers is much slower than that predicted by tube theory. This retarded recovery of fully entangled state is of practical significance that shear‐induced modification may offer a way to improve processability for a polymer by reducing viscosity. This work tried to figure out the shear‐rate dependence variation of viscosity in the view of evolution of entanglement state through disentanglement and re‐entanglement, aiming to provide fundamental insights into application prospect of shear‐induced modification in preparing “in‐pellet” disentangled polymers prior to final processing. High‐density polyethylene was sheared on a parallel‐plate rotational rheometer with a linearly increased shear rate. Results showed that higher shear rate could induce further disentanglement, resulting in a lower viscosity with a reduction rate up to 93.7%, larger molecular weight between entanglements Me, and longer re‐entanglement time. Additionally, less entanglement would give a larger lamellar thickness of sheared samples after nonisothermal crystallization. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 598–606
Spray coverage and pest management efficacy of a solid set canopy delivery system in high density apples
Authors: Owen‐Smith Paul , Perry Ronald , Wise John , Jamil Raja Zalinda Raja , Gut Larry , Sundin George , Grieshop Matthew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAir blast sprayers are not optimized for spraying the short statured trees in modern apple orchards, resulting in off target drift and variable coverage. A solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consisting of a microsprayer array distributed throughout the orchard was investigated as a replacement agrochemical application method in this study. SSCDS's have the potential to optimize coverage, rapidly spray applications, and remove the operator and tractor from the orchard.RESULTSAir blast and SSCDS applications were compared using water sensitive paper, bioassays, and pest damage assessments. Pest management and coverage were compared using application volumes of 700 and 795 L ha−1, respectively. In 2013, adaxial coverage measurements showed no difference between the treatments, but air blast sprayers had higher coverage levels on the abaxial surfaces. There were no significant differences in coverage in 2014. Bioassays using Choristoneura rosaceana fed on leaf discs treated by the SSCDS displayed 95.8% mortality in 2013 and 94.2% mortality in 2014, and air blast treated larval mortality was 95% in 2013 and 100% in 2014. Damage evaluations in both years generally showed no significant differences between the air blast plots and the SSCDS plots, but significant differences between the treated plots and untreated control.CONCLUSIONSThe prototype SSCDS was an effective pest management tool in high density apples, and offered a number of advantages over an air blast. Further engineering and research into coverage optimization would offer producers a novel tool for foliar agrochemical applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Humid‐thermal index for a new management approach of Ommatissus lybicus
Authors: Al Shidi Rashid , Kumar Lalit , Al‐Khatri Salim AH 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus, is a serious insect pest for the date palm Phoenix dactylifera in Oman and other date palm growing countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa. Climate is a key factor affecting the insect population dynamics, including O. lybicus. There are limited studies of O. lybicus relating to microclimate. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the various humid thermal indices (HTIs) and daily accumulation of temperature and humidity to model the relationship with O. lybicus.RESULTSThe highly infested locations showed a strong relationship with cumulative daily mean relative humidity (RhCm), followed by daily minimum temperature (Tmin) for pooled data over two seasons. The next best regression models for the relationship between the infestation and climate was with the absolute factors, daily maximum humidity (Rhmx) and daily minimum humidity (Rhmin), compared with HTIm/m (ratio of mean humidity to mean temperature) for the autumn season. The best regression model for the spring season was daily mean humidity (Rhm) and daily maximum temperature (Tmax).CONCLUSIONDaily cumulative temperature was the best predictive model for O. lybicus infestation on date palms, considering the microclimate data at each location separately. The predication model points to the areas that are prone to infestation and need focus for monitoring and allocation of management resources. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
1 + 1′ > 2: Heteronuclear Biatom Catalyst Outperforms Its Homonuclear Counterparts for CO Oxidation
Authors: Li Fengyu , Liu Xinying , Chen Zhongfang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBy means of density functional theory (DFT) computations, the CO/O2 adsorption and CO oxidation pathways on the biatom catalyst, namely the heteronuclear Fe1Cu1@C2N, in comparison with its homonuclear counterparts Fe2@C2N and Cu2@C2N are systemically investigated. The reactions of O2 dissociation and CO oxidization with preadsorbed CO or O2 are comparably studied. The computations find that the heteronuclear species Fe1Cu1@C2N possesses high stabilities and is feasible to be synthesized experimentally. More importantly, the heteronuclear Fe1Cu1@C2N catalyst has even better catalytic activity toward CO oxidation than its homonuclear counterparts, especially, without suffering the CO‐poisoning problem. Considering the myriad of unexplored heteronuclear dimers that can be potentially anchored at appropriate supports, this work opens a new avenue and provides a useful guideline for further developing bimetal‐based nanocatalysts.
Antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects of royal jelly against nicotine‐induced testicular injury in mice
Authors: Azad Farnam , Nejati Vahid , Shalizar‐Jalali Ali , Najafi Gholamreza , Rahmani Fatemeh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study describes the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on testicular injury induced by nicotine (NIC) in mice. Thirty‐six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal saline, group 2 received 100 mg/kgBW/day RJ, groups 3 and 4 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kgBW/day, respectively, and groups 5 and 6 received NIC at doses of 0.50 and 1.00 mg/kg BW/day, respectively, plus RJ. Following 35 days, the serum level of testosterone, histopathological changes, germ cell apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant indexes including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity were determined. In addition, the mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis was investigated by assessing the Bcl‐2, p53, and Caspase‐3 mRNA levels expression by reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR). Compared to NIC receiving groups, the concomitant administration of RJ could protect the testosterone reduction and histological damages. After RJ treatment, the level of tissue MDA content decreased, while tissue TAC and CAT levels were remarkably increased compared to NIC‐exposed groups. Remarkable higher TUNEL‐positive germ cells and low PCNA index were observed in NIC receiving groups. Besides, the expression level of Bcl‐2 was significantly higher and the p53 and Caspase‐3 levels were significantly lower in the RJ co‐administration groups than NIC‐only receiving groups. Our results confirmed that RJ effectively protects the testis against NIC evoked damages by antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic effects involving the up regulation of the antioxidant status, mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis pathway prevention, and the proliferating activity improvement.
Managing cardiotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Upadhrasta Sireesha , Elias Hadi , Patel Keval , Zheng Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImmuno‐oncology is a fast evolving field of cancer therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clearly a breakthrough in this field. Cardiotoxicity with conventional anti‐cancer therapies has been well studied in the past and clear guidelines for management of these side effects are available in the literature. However, cardiotoxicity with novel agents such as ICIs has been fairly under‐reported and/or underestimated and we are yet to formulate clear guidelines for management of these rare side effects. In the last few years, there has been an overall increase in the number of cases of cardiotoxicity related to ICIs. In this literature review, we describe the mechanism of action of the most widely used ICIs and their related cardiotoxicities. The increase in number of case reports about the potential of cardiotoxicities with these novel agents clearly indicates the need for a new insight into the field of cardio‐immuno‐oncology.
DONALDSON–THOMAS INVARIANTS OF LOCAL ELLIPTIC SURFACES VIA THE TOPOLOGICAL VERTEX
Authors: BRYAN JIM , KOOL MARTIJN 
Published: March 2019

We compute the Donaldson–Thomas invariants of a local elliptic surface with section. We introduce a new computational technique which is a mixture of motivic and toric methods. This allows us to write the partition function for the invariants in terms of the topological vertex. Utilizing identities for the topological vertex proved in Bryan et al. [‘Trace identities for the topological vertex’, Selecta Math. (N.S.)24 (2) (2018), 1527–1548, arXiv:math/1603.05271], we derive product formulas for the partition functions. The connected version of the partition function is written in terms of Jacobi forms. In the special case where the elliptic surface is a K3 surface, we get a derivation of the Katz–Klemm–Vafa formula for primitive curve classes which is independent of the computation of Kawai–Yoshioka.
The Politics of Documentary Photography: Three Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Hodson Dermot 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotographers are often inspired by politics but can they influence it? Drawing on the study of public policy and the history of photography, this article considers three ways in which documentary photographers enter the policy process. It considers the photographer as: a bureaucrat working within government networks to achieve individual and institutional aims; an advocate working with like-minded actors to advance shared political beliefs; an expert working within an epistemic community driven by a shared policy enterprise. These roles highlight the institutional channels through which photographers seek and sometimes secure political change and the contradictions and constraints they face in so doing. These contrasting perspectives are discussed with reference to the work of canonical and contemporary photographers engaged in national and international politics from 1890 to today.
Upward versus downward non-Boussinesq turbulent fountains
Authors: Vaux Samuel , Mehaddi Rabah , Vauquelin Olivier , Candelier Fabien 
Published: March 2019

Turbulent miscible fountains discharged vertically from a round source into quiescent uniform unbounded environments of density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}$ are investigated numerically using large-eddy simulations. Both upward and downward fountains are considered. The numerical simulations cover a wide range of the density ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{i}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{i}$ is the source density of the released fluid. These simulations are used to evaluate how the initial maximum height $H_{i}$ and the steady state height $H_{ss}$ of the fountains are affected by large density contrasts, i.e. in the general non-Boussinesq case. For both upward and downward non-Boussinesq fountains, the ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=H_{i}/H_{ss}$ remains close to $1.45$, as usually observed for Boussinesq fountains. However the Froude (linear) scaling originally introduced by Turner (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 26 (4), 1966, pp. 779–792) for Boussinesq fountains is no longer valid to determine the steady fountain height. The ratio between $H_{ss}$ and the height predicted by the Turner’s relation turns out to be proportional to $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{i}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0})^{n}$. Remarkably, it is found that the power exponent $n$ differs following the direction in which the buoyant fluid is released ($n=1/2$ for downward fountains and $n=3/4$ for upward fountains). This new result demonstrates that for non-Boussinesq turbulent fountains the configurations heavy/light and light/heavy are not equivalent. Finally, scalings are proposed for fountains, regardless of the direction (upwards and downwards) and of the density difference (Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq).
Turbulence decay in a supersonic boundary layer subjected to a transverse sonic jet
Authors: Sun Mingbo , Liu Yuan , Hu Zhiwei 
Published: March 2019

The turbulence state in a supersonic boundary layer subjected to a transverse sonic jet is studied by conducting direct numerical simulations. Turbulence statistics for two jet-to-cross-flow momentum flux ratios $(J)$ of 2.3 and 5.5 based on the previous simulation (Sun & Hu, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 850, 2018, pp. 551–583) are given and compared with a flat-plate boundary layer without a jet $(J=0.0)$. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow features around the transverse jet in the supersonic boundary layer are analysed. It is found that, in the near-wall region, turbulence is suppressed significantly with increasing $J$ in the lateral boundary layer around the jet and the turbulence decay is retained in the downstream recovery region. The local boundary-layer thickness decreases noticeably in the lateral downstream of the jet. Analysis of the cross-flow streamlines reveals a double-expansion character in the vicinity of the jet, which involves the reattachment expansion related to the flow over the jet windward separation bubble and the jet lateral expansion related to the flow around the jet barrel shock. The double expansion leads to the turbulence decay in the jet lateral boundary layer and causes a slow recovery of the outer layer in the far-field boundary layer. A preliminary experiment based on the nanoparticle laser scattering technique is conducted and confirms the existence of the turbulence decay phenomenon.