bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of CT iterative metal artifact reduction in PET/CT—clinical evaluation in 100 patients
Authors: Reinert Christian Philipp , la Fougère Christian , Nikolaou Konstantin , Pfannenberg Christina , Gatidis Sergios 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To assess the technical feasibility and diagnostic benefit of CT iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) in patients with metal implants undergoing positron emission tomography (PET/CT.

Methods:
PET/CTs of 100 patients with metal implants in different anatomical localization were retrospectively analyzed. CT data were reconstructed with iMAR and without iMAR (noMAR) and used in comparison for PET attenuation correction, generating iMAR-corrected and noMAR PET data. The effect of iMAR on quantitative CT and PET analysis was assessed by measurements of Hounsfield units (HUs) and standard uptake values (SUV) in predefined anatomical structures and pathological lesions in the vicinity of metal implants. Diagnostic confidence for lesion delineation was assessed using a 3-point scale.

Results:
For artifact-affected structures, mean HU of iMAR corrected CT significantly differed compared to noMAR CT and standard deviations were significantly lower [e.g. M. masseter: 71.01 ± 22.34 HU (iMAR) vs 98.89 ± 92.18 HU (noMAR), p &lt; .01]. SUVs did not significantly differ in artifact-affected structures [e.g. M. masseter: SUVmean 0.96 ± 0.54 (iMAR) vs 0.97 ± 0.55 (noMAR); p &gt; .89] and pathological findings [SUVmean 10.78 (iMAR) vs 10.81 (noMAR); p &gt; .98] between iMAR and noMAR PET. Qualitatively, delineation was significantly improved in iMAR corrected CT for the interpretation of anatomical and pathological structures [e.g. score of pathologic lesions: 2.80 (iMAR) vs 2.31 (noMAR); p &lt; .01].

Conclusion:
The use of iMAR in PET/CT significantly improves delineation of anatomical and pathological structures in the vicinity of metal implants in CT. PET quantification and PET image quality are not significantly affected by the use of iMAR-based attenuation correction independent of the presence of metal implants.

Advances in knowledge:
IMAR is a feasible algorithm in PET/CT improving CT image quality in the vicinity of metal implants without affecting PET quantification and can therefore be implemented in the clinical routine.
Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A single-center Chinese experience
Authors: Liu Xintian , Xu Chengyi , Liu Chengwei , Su Xi 
Published: January 2019

Background and Objective: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCD) remains a rare and important cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and angiographic features in SCD and to evaluate the treatment and long-term prognosis of this condition in China.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 118 Chinese patients with SCD confirmed by coronary angiography. Clinical and angiographic features, treatment modalities and outcomes of SCD were estimated.
Results: The overall prevalence of SCD was 0.15%. Age was 57 ± 10 years; 86% patients were men; 75% presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); 72% had concomitant atherosclerotic CAD. SCD often affected right coronary artery (RCA) and caused a short dissection (< 20mm). A conservative therapy was used in 28% of patients and revascularization in 72% (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] 57%; coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG] 15%). Only one patient died during hospitalization due to multiple organ failure after CABG. During a median follow-up of 43 months (range, 1 - 158 months), 32 patients had a new-onset ACS, 9 received revascularization (7 PCI and 2 CABG), and 8 died. The Kaplan-Meier estimated 12-year rates of freedom from cardiac death and ACS were both higher in revascularization versus conservative therapy (78% versus 57%; P = 0.023; 48% versus 25%, P = 0.014). No significant difference was found in freedom from revascularization between the two therapies.
Conclusions: In China, SCD was usually associated with atherosclerosis and predominantly affected male population. SCD often affected RCA and caused a short dissection. In-hospital mortality rate was low regardless of therapeutic strategy. However, a significantly better long-term prognosis was observed in the revascularization compared with conservative therapy.
How to cite this:Liu X, Xu C, Liu C, Su X. Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A single-center Chinese experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):106-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.321
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association between CD4 T cell counts and the immune status among adult critically ill HIV-negative patients in intensive care units in Uganda
Authors: Kavuma Mwanje Arthur , Ejoku Joseph , Ssemogerere Lameck , Lubulwa Clare , Namata Christine , Kwizera Arthur , Wabule Agnes , Okello Erasmus , Kizito Samuel , Lubikire Aggrey , Sendagire Cornelius , Andia Biraro Irene 
Published: January 2019

Background: Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T cells play a central role in regulation of adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. Low CD4 T cell counts are not routinely reported as a marker of immune deficiency among HIV-negative individuals, as is the norm among their HIV positive counterparts. Despite evidence of mortality rates as high as 40% among Ugandan critically ill HIV-negative patients, the use of CD4 T cell counts as a measure of the immune status has never been explored among this population. This study assessed the immune status of adult critically ill HIV-negative patients admitted to Ugandan intensive care units (ICUs) using CD4 T cell count as a surrogate marker. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort was conducted between 1st August 2017 and 1st March 2018 at four Ugandan ICUs. A total of 130 critically ill HIV negative patients were consecutively enrolled into the study. Data on sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, critical illness scores, CD4 T cell counts were obtained at baseline and mortality at day 28. Results: The mean age of patients was 45± 18 years (mean±SD) and majority (60.8%) were male. After a 28-day follow up, 71 [54.6%, 95% CI (45.9-63.3)] were found to have CD4 counts less than 500 cells/mm³, which were not found to be significantly associated with mortality at day 28, OR (95%) 1 (0.4–2.4), p = 0.093. CD4 cell count receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) area was 0.5195, comparable to APACHE II ROC area 0.5426 for predicting 24-hour mortality. Conclusions: CD4 T cell counts were generally low among HIV-negative critically ill patients. Low CD4 T cells did not predict ICU mortality at day 28. CD4 T cell counts were not found to be inferior to APACHE II score in predicting 24 hour ICU mortality.
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of shingles: the role of the healthcare assistant
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: January 2019

Herpes zoster (shingles) infection causes a painful, blistering rash; it is more common in older people. It affects 3.5 per 1000 person-years among 50–54-year-olds to 7.1 per 1000 person-years among 75–79-year-olds ( Gauthier et al, 2009 ). Around 40% of people infected experience ongoing nerve pain lasting three months or longer and one person in 1000 over the age of 70 dies as a result of infection ( NHS UK, 2018 ). People who are at greatest risk of infection can now be immunised. Immunisation can reduce the risks of shingles by 75% ( Green Book, 2018 ). Shingles is caused by a virus: early identification and prompt treatment with antiviral drugs reduces symptoms and leads to reduced risk of ongoing nerve pain. This article explains how older people are at an increased risk of shingles and its complications. It aims to enable readers to recognise the clinical features of shingles, be aware of treatments, infection control procedures and how vaccination can protect older people from this distressing condition.
Wandering behaviour and elopement in the nursing home
Authors: Duffy Anita , Hallahan Patricia 
Published: January 2019

People living with dementia are at risk of harm due to a decline in their cognition. This decline can cause wandering or persistent walking, which is stressful for both the person with dementia and their carer. Wandering can lead to falls and other injuries, elopement, getting lost and even death. People with dementia who wander are often admitted to long-term care facilities for safety reasons and because their carers cannot cope. Specific strategies, policies, risk assessment and management procedures are needed for these residents. This article explores the challenges encountered and provides solutions for care staff to better manage wandering behaviour in residents in long-term care settings.
Out of Africa: Students' reflections on the personal and professional impact of volunteering
Authors: Power Alison , Boughen Adelle , Ames Charlotte 
Published: January 2019

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) states that student midwives should seek opportunities to develop their skills and knowledge base. In the summer of 2018, two student midwives from the University of Northampton independently researched and signed up to a 2-week overseas mission trip to Kenya, with the aim of immersing themselves in a different culture to gain new knowledge and develop transferable skills to embed into their practice in the UK. Charlotte Ames and Adelle Boughen also visited a number of projects around the region supporting girls and young women who have fled their homes to escape injustices such as underage marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM) and domestic abuse. Hearing the young women's stories of bravery, resilience and optimism have had a profound effect on both Charlotte and Adelle, providing them with a new understanding of the term ‘with woman’ and influencing their future practice.
Malassezia species: the underrated resident of human skin
Authors: Albanova V. 
Published: January 2019

Malassezia spp. are lipophilic and lipidodependent fungi that are part of the microbiota of the normal human skin. Malassezia spp. exists in two forms – micelial and yeast. Remarkable progress has been made in our knowledge of this genus in skin diseases recently. Under favorable conditions (high sebum and sweat excretion, impaired skin barrier), Malassezia spp. can proliferate, turn from yeast to micelial form, invade epidermis and induce or aggravate skin diseases, such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, Malassezia folliculitis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, rosacea and others. Revealing of yeasts and positive related specific tests (IgE antibodies and positive skin tests in atopic dermatitis) helps to cope with exacerbation using antifungal therapy.
Deviating memories: Armando Lulaj’s seriously playful excursions into Albania’s history
Authors: Grgic Ana 
Published: January 2019

This paper examines how certain contemporary audio-visual works from post-socialist countries in the Balkan region, employ archival footage from the communist period, to address and problematize the notion of remembering and suppressing national history through collective memory. I specifically focus on the work of the Albanian artist, Armando Lulaj and his videos Albanian Trilogy: A Series of Devious Stratagems (2011, 2012 and 2015) exhibited at the 56th Venice Biennale. By re-using images and narratives produced during Enver Hoxha’s regime, and still ingrained in Albanian visual memory, these films provide alternative readings of Albanian history from the Cold War to the present day. What is more, some of this archival material is made public for the first time, while the rest has been dormant and purposely forgotten in archival vaults. Lulaj’s playful excursions, create connections between a problematic and suppressed past and the difficult and selective present, by juxtaposing evocative and politically charged visual records and contemporary footage of artist’s commissioned performances.
Film and finance. An attempt at a statistical comparison of the attendance results and ratings of Polish films in the years 2012–2015
Authors: Adamczak Marcin , Orankiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: January 2019

The article is an attempt to use essential statistical tools for analysis of market performance of films and its aes- thetical judgements made by film critics and fans. The authors describe differences between evaluations of films by professional and non-professional viewers, correlations between market performance and artistic merit and impact of level of public support for success and quality of movies. The material for analysis are Polish films in cinema distribution between 2012 and 2015.
Kolegium Filmowe 2014–2015: TVP w służbie kinematografii
Authors: Majer Artur 
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the functioning of the Film Council during its activity in Telewizja Polska in 2014–2015. In less than two years the Council consisting of over a dozen members from several TVP’s departments recommended almost forty coproductions for feature films, regulated procedures for the endorsement of coproduction agreements and aimed to develop TVP’s influence in the process of film promotion and distribution. According to Polish film law, the Council’s job was to stimulate the development of the Polish cinema.
ParSec: Ein innovatives Funksystem für die Fertigungsautomation
Authors: Underberg Lisa , Kraemer Rolf , von Hoyningen-Huene Johannes , Kays Rüdiger 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 werden verstärkt drahtlose Kommunikationssysteme in industrielle Anwendungen integriert. Die Anforderungen der Fertigungsautomation, welche besonders streng hinsichtlich Zuverlässigkeit und Latenz sind, werden bisher nur teilweise durch spezifische kabellose Systeme wie WirelessHART oder WSAN erfüllt.
Damit Funksysteme auch in kritischen Anwendungen der Fertigungsautomation eingesetzt werden können, verfolgt das ParSec-Projekt den vielversprechenden Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum (PSSS)-Ansatz. Dieser Artikel stellt das ParSec-System basierend auf PSSS vor. Das Funktionsprinzip des PSSS-Ansatzes wird erläutert und die Vorteile hinsichtlich eines flexiblen Kommunikationsprotokolls werden beschrieben. Die Integration des ParSec-Funksystems in ein bestehendes Industrial Ethernet-System wird diskutiert.
Quality-of-Service monitoring of hybrid industrial communication networks
Authors: Ehrlich Marco , Neumann Arne , Biendarra Alexander , Jasperneite Jürgen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Today many hybrid (wired & wireless) industrial communication networks with a huge variety of heterogeneous technologies and protocols are present in the manufacturing and automation domain. The increasing requirements regarding e. g., latency, reliability, or determinism create the need for a holistic network management concept in order to assure a network-wide Quality-of-Service (QoS) resource provisioning and the assurance of the admissioned resources. Consequently, a monitoring of the whole network is required to feed the network management system with the needed information about the underlying network processes. Various technical approaches using different methods of extracting the information from network traffic are available for the purpose of QoS parameter observance and measurement at the moment. Therefore, this paper provides a state of the art research about network management and QoS provisioning respectively QoS assurance concepts. In addition, the passive network monitoring approach using the flow export technique based on the Internet Protocol Flow Information Export (IPFIX) is investigated for a utilisation in the nowadays industry domain based on a conceptual case study with a wireless protocol. As a conclusion, an evaluation is performed in order to clarify the limits and the overall usability of IPFIX for the monitoring of industrial networks in order to support future network management systems.
Benchmarking the reliability of industrial wireless systems in a virtual factory
Authors: Karunakaran Prasanth , Burkhardt Frank , Schulze Darina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Reliability of wireless communication is the key to the next stages of the imminent industrial evolution known as Industry 4.0. Removing the bonds of cabling and wires will provide the ability of free movement and the possibility of deployment in previously unreachable locations. To build confidence in the reliability of wireless transmission systems, a method for measuring said reliability is required. This article describes such a method which forms the basis of two interlinked testbeds being developed within the scope of the Celtic Plus project ReICOvAir.
Mapping the Future.
Authors: Lenel Laetitia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The recognition of the key importance of economic stability after World War I sparked interest in business forecasting on both sides of the Atlantic. This article explores the creation and the rapid international and domestic dissemination of the Harvard Index of General Business Conditions in the early 1920s, which contemporaries celebrated as the first “scientific” approach to business forecasting. Drawing on multi-site archival research, the paper analyses the extension of the index by an information-exchange-based method in the 1920s and traces its influence on the survey-based forecasting approach employed by American companies in the 1930s. Engaging with the current debate on the temporal order of capitalism, the article argues that business forecasting was not only a means of stabilizing capitalism, but a factor and an indicator of a change in the dynamics of capitalism in the interwar period.
Does Multiculturalism Inhibit Intercultural Dialogue? Evidence from the Antipodes
Authors: Levey Geoffrey Brahm 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn recent years, an international debate has erupted over whether and how interculturalism differs from multiculturalism as a response to cultural diversity. An influential argument in this debate is that multiculturalism itself militates against intercultural dialogue. This article scrutinises this argument and challenge its applicability in the Australian context. I examine two case studies of fraught intercultural dialogue: the 2006 clash between the Howard government and the Ethnic Communities’ Council of Victoria over the proposed introduction of a citizenship test; and the Abbott government’s proposed reform of the anti-vilification provisions of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) during 2013–14. The cases suggest that far from undermining intercultural dialogue, respecting the terms of Australian multiculturalism would help to make it possible. Moreover, the cases suggest that if pursued genuinely, intercultural dialogue could contribute improved policy outcomes.
From Habits to Rituals: Rituals as Social Habits
Authors: Giovagnoli Raffaela 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The present contribution aims at investigating the relationship between habits and rituals; they are based on the same processes even though they have different functions depending on the context (personal or social). Our discussion will mostly focus on the nature and function of rituals, as necessary practices in human and other animals’ social lives. After a brief introduction of the notion of “habit” by reference to relevant studies that cross philosophy and neurobiology, we propose an interpretation of rituals as collective activity, which is based on the same mechanisms of habits formation, but it is expressed in a “We-form”, from which it is created and institutionalized
Vibration Simulation of Multilayer Stacking Packages through Symbol-Numerical Method
Authors: Zhong Chen , Wang Lili , Zhao Dongjing , Zhu Li 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Distribution packages are commonly stacked as unit loads, and vibration is the main hazard that causes product damage in the logistics stage. A simulation method that considers the vibration of multilayer stacking distribution packages is proposed in this study. First, a dynamic model of a single-layer package is investigated to clarify the vibration mechanism. Second, a simulation model is built to clarify the vibration of a single-layer package. Third, a multilayer vibration model is proposed on the basis of the single-layer model, and the calculation method of the simulation parameters is analyzed using a mathematical model. Verification experiments are also performed in a self-designed typical box. Furthermore, a correction method is investigated for the simulation errors. The correcting effect is clarified by comparing the power spectral density between experimental and simulation results. The relationship between the spring constants of a multi- and a single layer and the stacking layer number is also analyzed. Finally, two types of equations are proposed for the multilayer stacking model of distribution packages.
Perceived Conflict and Support Among Women with Bulimia Nervosa Compared to Women with Depression and Healthy Controls: An Experimental Manipulation
Authors: Serier Kelsey N. , Smith Jamie M. , Finstad Erica M. , Laframboise Denise , Erickson Brenda , Moreshead Margaret , Smith Jane Ellen 
Published: January 2019

Objective: Women with bulimia nervosa (BN) often present with interpersonal difficulties. It is unknown whether these difficulties primarily are based on distorted social perceptions, and whether they are unique to BN. The current study used a repeated-measures design to compare perceptions of interpersonal interactions for participants with BN, depression (DEP), and healthy controls (HCs). We hypothesized that women with BN would perceive more conflict and less support than HCs. Analyses comparing BN and DEP were exploratory. Method: Participants with BN (n = 27) or DEP (n = 26) and HCs (n = 27) rated perceived conflict and support for 24 vignettes depicting social interactions that varied in levels of these two constructs. Participants also completed relationship quality/satisfaction questionnaires. Results: Multilevel model analyses revealed that the BN group perceived greater conflict relative to HCs. There also were significant interactions, with BN participants more greatly impacted by high support. There were no differences between DEP and BN groups. Discussion: Overall, BN participants perceived more conflict than HCs, but differences were attenuated when level of social support was high. Helping women with BN tolerate discomfort associated with any amount of perceived conflict and/or low support may be an important treatment target.