bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale enhancement of photoconductivity by localized charge traps in the grain structures of monolayer MoS2
Authors: Yang Myungjae , Kim Tae-Young , Lee Takhee , Hong Seunghun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report a method for mapping the nanoscale anomalous enhancement of photoconductivity by localized charge traps in the grain structures of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer. In this work, a monolayer MoS2film was laterally scanned by a nanoscale conducting probe that was used to make direct contact with the MoS2surface. Electrical currents and noise maps were measured through the probe. By analyzing the data, we obtained maps for the sheet resistance and charge trap density for the MoS2grain structures. The maps clearly show grains for which sheet resistance and charge trap density were lower than those of the grain boundaries. Interestingly, we found an unusual inverse proportionality between the sheet resistance and charge trap density in the grains, which originated from the unique role of sulfur vacancies acting as both charge hopping sites and traps in monolayer MoS2. In addition, under light illumination, the larger the trap density of a region was, the larger the photocurrent of the region was, indicating anomalous enhancement of the photocurrent by traps. Since our method provides valuable insights to understand the nanoscale effects of traps on photoconductive charge transport, it can be a powerful tool for noise studies and the practical application of two-dimensional materials.
Automatic classification of cervical cancer from cytological images by using convolutional neural network
Authors: Wu Miao , Yan Chuanbo , Liu Huiqiang , Liu Qian , Yin Yi 
Published: October 2018

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies in the world. The incidence and mortality keep high in some remote and poor medical condition regions in China. In order to improve the current situation and promote the pathologists’ diagnostic accuracy of CC in such regions, we tried to propose an intelligent and efficient classification model for CC based on convolutional neural network (CNN) with relatively simple architecture compared with others. The model was trained and tested by two groups of image datasets, respectively, which were original image group with a volume of 3012 datasets and augmented image group with a volume of 108432 datasets. Each group has a number of fixed-size RGB images (227*227) of keratinizing squamous, non-keratinizing squamous, and basaloid squamous. The method of three-folder cross-validation was applied to the model. And the classification accuracy of the models, overall, 93.33% for original image group and 89.48% for augmented image group. The improvement of 3.85% has been achieved by using augmented images as input data for the model. The results got from paired-samples ttest indicated that two models’ classification accuracy has a significant difference (P&lt;0.05). The developed scheme we proposed was useful for classifying CCs from cytological images and the model can be served as a pathologist assistance to improve the doctor’s diagnostic level of CC, which has a great meaning and huge potential application in poor medical condition areas in China.
A chemistry and cooling module for the NIRVANA code
Authors: Ziegler U. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Gas cooling and other thermal processes in the interstellar medium are intimately related to its chemical evolution. To accurately model chemical processes in large-scale gas-dynamical simulations the usage of existing sophisticated astrochemical networks is presently impossible due to prohibitive computational costs. A viable way to deal with the problem is by the design of reduced chemical networks that satisfactorily reproduce the most important features of the more elaborate networks.
Aims. A chemistry and cooling module for the interstellar medium is developed that is realistic for temperatures T ≳ 50 K and for densities up to n ≈ 1010 m−3 at the limit of non-ionizing and non-dissociating background radiation. The module is incorporated into the multiphysics, adaptive-grid code NIRVANA and aims at improving gas-dynamical simulations by explicitly following non-equilibrium chemistry and gas cooling.
Methods. The presented chemical network covers 121 species and 426 reactions. It includes a fully-fledged ionization subnetwork for the ten elements H, D, He, C, N, O, Mg, Ne, Si, and Fe, chemical schemes for the formation and destruction of the important molecular coolants H2, H2O, CO, and OH, a model for dust-catalytic reactions and cosmic ray effects. Metal line cooling was computed from first principles by solving for the energy level population for each ion. Atomic data was adopted from the latest version of the Chianti database. The treatment of rotovibrational line cooling from molecules was based on various up-to-date literature sources.
Results. The implementation has been validated by performing both equilibrium and non-equilibrium (time-dependent) computations. The equilibrium results overall confirm the temperature dependence of chemical abundances and the gas cooling rate that has been found in similar studies. In particular, the ionization structure in the high-temperature regime, at T ≳ 2 × 104 K, excellently agrees with literature results. In the non-equilibrium calculations, the occurrence of ionization lags are prominent and distinguishes the resulting non-equilibrium cooling from equilibrium cooling. In the low-temperature regime, at T ≲ 2 × 104 K, the non-equilibrium cooling rate can be enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the equilibrium value.
Conclusions. The NIRVANA chemistry and cooling module has been successfully tested against literature results. The underlying chemical network is best compared to recently developed networks in the limit of no radiation with differences appearing in the treatment of dust, cosmic ray heating, and in the choice of reaction coefficients. The gas cooling experiments indicate that a reduction of the present network size seems possible under certain conditions by skipping the elements N and Mg, which turn out to be less important coolants compared to the conglomerate of C, O, Si, and Fe coolants.
Determining the accuracy of VLBI radio source catalogs
Authors: Liu N. , Lambert S. B. , Zhu Z. 
Published: October 2018

Aims. We propose to estimate the accuracy of current very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) catalogs.
Methods. The difference of source position estimated from two decimation solutions was analyzed to estimate the scale factor and noise floor for the formal error of radio source positions by two different methods. In one method, we investigated the weighted root-square-mean (wrms) scatter of source positional differences versus the number of observed sessions; for the other one, we compared the wrms difference versus the formal error. Based on the estimated noise floor and scale factor, we determined the realistic error of radio source positions in the standard solution and compared it with that of Gaia DR2 and ICRF2 catalogs.
Results. The estimated scale factors from two methods are rather consistent, which is of ∼1.3 in both coordinates. As for the noise floor, it is estimated to be 20–25 μas for sources observed in at least ten sessions, and it could reduce down to ∼10 μas for sources which have been observed more than 1000 times. The inflated median formal error of our solution is of the same order as the Gaia DR2 catalog in declination and the direction of major axis of the error ellipse, but smaller by a factor of two in right ascension. With respect to the ICRF2 catalog, our solution yields an improved accuracy by a factor of about three.
Conclusions. Currently, the VLBI radio source catalog still provides source positions with the best accuracy which is about 20–25 μas. Moreover, the noise floor of VLBI catalogs could potentially reach 10 μas with more observations in the future.
Krylov Subspace Solvers and Preconditioners
Authors: Vuik C. 
Published: October 2018

In these lecture notes an introduction to Krylov subspace solvers and preconditioners is presented. After a discretization of partial differential equations large, sparse systems of linear equations have to be solved. Fast solution of these systems is very urgent nowadays. The size of the problems can be 1013 unknowns and 1013 equations. Iterative solution methods are the methods of choice for these large linear systems. We start with a short introduction of Basic Iterative Methods. Thereafter preconditioned Krylov subspace methods, which are state of the art, are describeed. A distinction is made between various classes of matrices.
At the end of the lecture notes many references are given to state of the art Scientific Computing methods. Here, we will discuss a number of books which are nice to use for an overview of background material. First of all the books of Golub and Van Loan [19] and Horn and Johnson [26] are classical works on all aspects of numerical linear algebra. These books also contain most of the material, which is used for direct solvers. Varga [50] is a good starting point to study the theory of basic iterative methods. Krylov subspace methods and multigrid are discussed in Saad [38] and Trottenberg, Oosterlee and Schüller [42]. Other books on Krylov subspace methods are [1, 6, 21, 34, 39].
Wenn die Aufbereitung auswandert
Authors: Zaiss Elke 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungWie leistungsfähig eine OP-Abteilung ist, hängt in hohem Maß von der Versorgung mit Sterilgütern ab. Hier spielt insbesondere die schnelle, zeitgerechte und
sichere Aufbereitung von Instrumenten eine entscheidende Rolle. Denn der chirurgische Eingriff an einem Patienten in Narkose muss ohne Verzögerung durch
fehlende oder unvollständige Instrumente möglich sein. Dies zu gewährleisten, ist in den letzten Jahren eine der größten Herausforderungen für das OP-Management
und die dezentralen Aufbereiter. Unsere Autorin erläutert, wie diese Herausforderung entstanden ist, welche Faktoren diesen Prozess beeinflussen und welche
Lösungen es für die Praxis gibt.
The Activity of Urolithin A and M4 Valerolactone, Colonic Microbiota Metabolites of Polyphenols, in a Prostate Cancer In Vitro Model
Authors: Stanisławska Iwona , Granica Sebastian , Piwowarski Jakub , Szawkało Joanna , Wiązecki Krzysztof , Czarnocki Zbigniew , Kiss Anna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe gut microbiota-derived metabolites of ellagitannins and green tea catechins, urolithin A (uroA) and 5-(3′,4′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (M4), respectively, are among the main compounds absorbed into human system after ingestion of these polyphenols. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of M4, uroA, and their combinations on LNCaP cells, an androgen dependent prostate cancer in vitro model.. The LNCaP cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of tested metabolites. The cell proliferation was determined by measurement of DNA-bisbenzimide H 33 258 complexes fluorescence. The isobolographic analysis was used to establish the type of interaction between metabolites. The apoptosis, androgen receptor (AR) localization, and phosphorylation of Akt kinase were measured by flow cytometry. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion was determined by ELISA. M4 showed modest antiproliferative activity in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 117 µM; CI: 81 – 154). UroA decreased proliferation (IC50 = 32.7 µM; CI: 24.3 – 41.1) and induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells. The mixture of M4 with uroA had synergistic antiproliferative effect. Moreover, M4 potentiated inhibition of PSA secretion and enhanced retention of AR in cytoplasm caused by uroA. Interestingly, uroA increased levels of pSer473 Akt in LNCaP cells. These results show that colonic metabolites may contribute to chemoprevention of prostate cancer by varied polyphenol-rich diet or composite polyphenol preparations.
Epónimos en la anatomía y radiología de cabeza y cuello
Authors: Ferraro Fernando Martín , Chaves Hernán , Olivera Plata Federico Martín , Miquelini Luis Ariel , Mukherji Suresh K. 
Published: October 2018

ResumenEn el lenguaje médico, el uso de epónimos es frecuente. Si bien comúnmente se piensa que los epónimos están en vías de extinción, eso no es totalmente cierto. Existe disenso entre quienes creen que su uso debería abandonarse y quienes abogan que los epónimos convierten términos inmemorables en memorizables, transmiten conceptos complejos y promueven el interés en la historia de la Medicina. Nos sentimos parte de ese segundo grupo y nuestra intención es hacer una revisión de ocho epónimos vinculados a la Anatomía y Radiología de cabeza y cuello. Creemos que ese abordaje puede ser útil para la educación de estudiantes de Medicina, residentes y especialistas en diagnóstico por imágenes.
Ni(OH)2 nanoplates decorated on graphene nanosheets for alkaline secondary batteries
Authors: He Wenxiu , Zhu Yuanyi , Meng Jing , Liu Bin , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: October 2018

The β-nickel hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide (β-Ni(OH)2/RGO) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by the microwave-assisted method. The as-obtained samples are composed of β-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates deposited homogeneously on the surfaces of the RGO layer. The discharge capacity of the β-Ni(OH)2/RGO composite decreases from 316.3 to 259.9 mA h/g at the discharge rate from 0.2 to 10 C, and the capacity decreases slightly by 17.8%. The excellent capacity and rate capability are assigned to the well-defined nanocrystallinity of the disorder hexagonal β-Ni(OH)2 nanoplates growing and anchoring on the surface of the RGO layer with the most numerous of available active sites, which provide more comfort spaces for protons and ions. The superior capacity of pseudocapacitive β-Ni(OH)2 and good conductivity of RGO make the β-Ni(OH)2/RGO composites a promising battery-type material for high-performance alkaline rechargeable batteries.
Epidemiology of the silent polio outbreak in Rahat, Israel, based on modeling of environmental surveillance data
Authors: Brouwer Andrew F. , Eisenberg Joseph N. S. , Pomeroy Connor D. , Shulman Lester M. , Hindiyeh Musa , Manor Yossi , Grotto Itamar , Koopman James S. , Eisenberg Marisa C. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The 2013–2014 silent polio epidemic in Israel was a setback to global eradication efforts because Israel had previously been certified as polio-free by the World Health Organization. Fortunately, Israel has a robust environmental surveillance program that detected the epidemic and allowed rapid mobilization of a vaccine campaign before any cases of acute flaccid paralysis. This kind of silent (caseless) epidemic will be increasingly common as we approach global eradication, demonstrating the need for both enhanced environmental surveillance and an accompanying inference framework to translate environmental data into public health metrics. We incorporate environmental data into a population-level disease transmission model, generating insights into the epidemiology of the outbreak. This framework can be used to guide future interventions.
Overstanding Idren
Authors: Slade Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examines two distinctive neologistic processes within Rasta Talk. (1)Overstandingis morphological refashioning of a word that replaces morphemes (actual or perceived) which are misaligned with respect to the connotations of the word itself. Thus the wordunderstanding,bearing positive connotations, is repaired by transforming the negatively mis-connotating sub-componentunder-intoover-.(2)Iformationis the targeting of (depending on a word’s structure) either the first syllable or the first segment for replacement by /ai/ or /j/; e.g.ancientandfoodbecomeI-cientandyood,respectively. These two processes contribute greatly to the salient properties of Rasta Talk, and involve a large degree of complexity which merits detailed scrutiny.
TCU-initial backchannel overlap in storytelling
Authors: Rühlemann Christoph 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
While overlap represents one of the major mainstays of conversation-analytic research, the phenomenon of overlap involving backchannels in TCU-initial position has largely gone unnoticed. This study addresses this gap focusing on backchannels occurring in overlap in storytelling interaction. The investigation combines both quantitative and qualitative methods and is based on small but representative samples drawn from the audio files available for the Narrative Corpus. The primary discovery of this study is that TCU-initial backchannel overlaps typically occur at points where the storytelling’s progressivity is decelerated, either due to delays in the backchannel’s production or to the teller interrupting the telling’s linearity to insert background information, upgrade references, or slip in digressions. An alternative environment for the occurrence of TCU-initial backchannel overlap is around the story climax. Data are in British English.
Affect as narrative action in the Global South
Authors: Rowlett Benedict J. L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the performance of small stories from two Cambodian men interviewed by the researcher about the relationships
they form with men from the Global North. The analysis attends to the empirical significance of these performances by focusing on
the mobilization of affect as an interactional linguistic and narrative resource that foregrounds social action in this context.
In this way, these small stories reveal how these men may challenge and reshape dominant social discourses at this sexualised
North/South interface. Bringing to the field of narrative inquiry approaches from queer linguistics, and Southern perspectives,
this paper is therefore tasked with exploring what the field may potentially gain from these areas, especially regarding the
theoretical and methodological possibilities of a North/South dialogue in the production of knowledge.
Building stories
Authors: Elliot Michelle L. , Bonsall Aaron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article we present findings from two separate narrative phenomenological studies interested in the narrative representations of experiences. While meeting original research aims, unexpected accounts of the meaningful experience derived from participation in the studies emerged. The shared methodological approach is introduced, followed by explorations of time, space, actors, and scenes as co-constructed story-telling and story-making considerations. The discussion highlights that while researcher positionality is itself not a novel focus, the potential influence of engagement in research must be acknowledged. The “data” therefore transcends the narrative shared to become a secondary experience with a constitutive influence on how the research relationship and participation in research is considered, analysed and interpreted.
From conceptualization to constructions in Finnish as an L2
Authors: Lesonen Sirkku , Suni Minna , Steinkrauss Rasmus , Verspoor Marjolijn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study traces the individual learning trajectories of an adult beginner L2 Finnish learner in expressing the extralinguistic concept of evaluation from a dynamic usage-based perspective. Our results provide support for the view of learner language as a dynamic system in which patterns wax and wane and in which a change in one component has the potential to affect the whole system. In the early stages of learning there was a strong preference to use lexical verbs first, and then adjectives. The study also shows that variability plays a role. Finally, the study confirms that the learning of L2 constructions is in some cases item based. However, another highly frequent and superficially similar verbal construction in our data did not develop from a fixed formula. The role of instruction and the learner’s explicit knowledge as well as possibly input frequencies may have played a role in the different developmental trajectories.
La promesa atenuada en el discurso parlamentario español
Authors: Kern Beate 
Published: October 2018

AbstractoEl presente estudio se propone analizar la relación entre la atenuación y un acto de habla específico, partiendo del ejemplo de la promesa en el discurso político, más concretamente en los debates parlamentarios españoles. Al enunciar una promesa, el hablante se impone a sí mismo una obligación, por lo que un incumplimiento podría amenazar su propia imagen, sobre todo cuando se trata de un político bajo la observación pública. Esta situación comunicativa podría favorecer el empleo de atenuadores orientados a la autoprotección del hablante, lo que el análisis de corpus (diario de sesiones delCongreso de los Diputados 1982–2014) confirma. Además, se muestra que la tendencia a atenuar la promesa varía en función del destinatario, del contenido y del estilo personal del hablante. Los procedimientos de atenuación más utilizados son las impersonalizaciones y las estructuras condicionales.
Atenuación con disminución prosódica significativa en géneros con distinto grado de planificación discursiva
Authors: Cabedo Nebot Adrián 
Published: October 2018

AbstractoEste estudio analiza la frecuencia de grupos entonativos con disminución prosódica y atenuación pragmática en tres géneros discursivos del español: la conversación coloquial, la entrevista televisiva y el monólogo humorístico. En total, se han recogido 3365 grupos entonativos, de los que 237 han manifestado valores reducidos fónicamente; el criterio de discriminación ha sido que los valores de velocidad elocutiva, rango tonal o intensidad se distancien 1.65 desviaciones típicas de la media del hablante. Los datos indican que entre un 15 y un 20% de grupos entonativos por género utilizan disminuciones prosódicas y que, de ellos, la mitad corresponden a casos de atenuación pragmática. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados señalan que los discursos menos planificados prefieren una o dos estrategias prosódicas, habitualmente bajadas de intensidad, mientras que discursos más planificados, como el monólogo humorístico, usan todas las estrategias fónicas con igualdad.
De la escritura científica a la conversación coloquial adolescente
Authors: Mihatsch Wiltrud 
Published: October 2018

AbstractoTipo, al igual que sus cognados en otras lenguas, se origina como un latinismo de raíz griega que cobra impulso en las postrimerías del siglo XIX, especialmente en los escritos científicos y académicos, y desempeña un papel importante en los procesos de clasificación y sistematización. Un siglo más tarde, la frecuencia de uso detipopresenta un nuevo incremento drástico en algunas variedades del español, en particular en el lenguaje juvenil. En estas variedades,tipofunciona como atenuador y despliega una serie de funciones relacionadas: aproximativo, marcador de cita, marcador focal y marcador discursivo. El presente artículo se propone explicar el pasaje de las funciones comunicativas detipoen textos académicos y científicos a las funciones pragmáticas en las variedades coloquiales del español, particularmente, en el español de la Argentina. Los cambios producidos, tal como se mostrará en el trabajo, pueden ser concebidos como procesos de proceduralización, típicos de la gramaticalización y la pragmaticalización. Sin embargo, también resulta necesario recurrir tanto a informaciones sociolingüísticas como a diversas tradiciones o géneros discursivos para explicar los cambios producidos entre el siglo XIX y el XX, y los llamativos paralelismos en otras lenguas, no solo románicas. El estudio se basa en un análisis cualitativo de corpus.1