bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional laparoscopic appendectomy versus double‐incision, three‐port laparoscopic appendectomy: A 1‐year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pattanshetti Vishwanath M , Krishna Kanyadhara L 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionManagement of appendicitis has evolved dramatically in the last 120 years, from McBurney's large incision to minimally invasive laparoscopic appendectomy to hardly noticeable incisions with SILS. As a bridge between conventional laparoscopic surgery and SILS, double‐incision laparoscopic surgery further minimizes the invasiveness of laparoscopic surgery by reducing the number of incisions. This study aimed to establish the efficacy of double‐incision, three‐port laparoscopic appendectomy (DILA) as an alternative to conventional three‐port laparoscopic appendectomy.MethodsA total of 60 patients were divided randomly into two groups: the conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) group and the DILA appendectomy group. Demographics, diagnostic history, additional intraoperative findings, and duration of operation were recorded. Postoperative pain after 6 h and 24 h and cosmetic outcome after the surgery were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact test, χ2 test, and Student's t‐test.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in demographic and clinical characteristics in either group (P > 0.05). No significant difference in mean postoperative pain was observed between the two groups at 6 h (P = 0.62) or 24 h (P = 0.484). However, patients in the DILA group were more satisfied with their cosmetic outcomes than those in the CLA group (P = 0.04). The mean operative time was 26.4 min in the CLA group and 27.6 min in the DILA group (P = 0.62).ConclusionDILA can be performed with operative outcomes that are equivalent to CLA but with superior cosmetic outcomes.
Profiling children's emotion regulation behaviours
Authors: Callear Angela , Harvey Shane T. , Bimler David , Catto Nicholas 
Published: February 2018

Callear, Harvey, and Bimler (2016, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41, 456) organized children's emotion regulation behaviours into a coherent structure. However, further investigation is needed to identify core patterns of these emotion regulation behaviours. To identify clusters and prototypal constellations of emotion regulation behaviours, the 85 behavioural items comprising the Children's Emotion Regulation Inventory (ChERI) were ranked by 151 parents in order of applicability, using an ordinal sorting procedure (Method of Successive Sorts). Responses were aggregated in empirical scales, for classification of the cases using hierarchical and k‐means clustering. The scales were based on nine key ‘hotspots’ of children's emotion regulation behaviours, interpreted as Outward Engagement, Inward or Somatic Focus, Disengagement, Disruptive, Impulsive/Labile, Social Connectedness/Compliance, Generating Closeness/Intimacy, Establishing Order and Generating Disorder. Five summary styles of children's emotion regulation emerged and are characterized on those scales. These hotspots and styles provide guidance to clinicians, parents, teachers, and other invested adults to assess and support children's emotional development.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Measurements of children's emotion regulation predominantly focus on internal processes and/or isolated expressions of emotion regulation behaviours.

Research detailing anger and anxiety emotion regulation styles exists (e.g., Carthy, Horesh, Apter, & Gross, 2010, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 23; Zalewski, Lengua, Wilson, Trancik, & Bazinet, 2011, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110, 141).

Callear, Harvey, and Bimler (2016, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41, 456) developed the Children's Emotion Regulation Inventory to identify children's observable emotion regulation strategies.

What does this study add?

Research does not investigate which clusters of children's emotion regulation behaviours are most commonly exhibited and nor does it investigate emotion regulation behavioural styles.

Examines how children's emotion regulation behaviours co‐occur.

Identifies nine core clusters (groupings) of emotion regulation behaviours most commonly observed to be exhibited in children.

Identifies five emotion regulation behavioural styles (common co‐occurring patterns of emotion regulation behaviour clusters) in children.
Testicular asymmetry in healthy adolescent boys
Authors: Vaganée Donald , Daems Frederik , Aerts William , Dewaide Rosina , van den Keybus Tinne , De Baets Karen , De Wachter Stefan , De Win Gunter 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the presence of testicular asymmetry and the currently used threshold values in varicocoele management in a healthy adolescent population.Subjects and MethodsWe conducted an observational cross‐sectional study from April 2015 until December 2016 in which we recruited 539 adolescent boys aged 11–16 years. A clinical examination including testicular size measurement by ultrasonography was performed. Testicular volume (TV) was calculated using the Lambert formula (length × width × height × 0.71). The Testicular Atrophy Index (TAI) was calculated using the formula [(TV right – TV left)/largest TV] × 100. The data for all statistical analyses were stratified for Tanner stage for genital development (TSG) and pubic hair (TSP). Non‐parametric tests were used to assess the difference between right and left TV, and the prevalence of a smaller left testis for the entire population, and between each TSG and TSP. Parametric tests were used to determine the difference in mean TAI between each TSG and TSP, and to compare the mean TAI to a test value of 0.ResultsOf the 539 recruited boys, we excluded 194 due to a current or past pathology, including varicocoeles, influencing normal (testicular) growth or due to incomplete data. Most boys were in the second Tanner stage, followed by the third Tanner stage. The mean (sd) age of the entire population was 13.33 (1.25) years. Of the 345 included participants the mean (sd) left TV was 7.67 (5.63) mL and right TV was 7.97 (5.90) mL. The mean (sd) TAI was 2.85 (17.00)%. In all, 203 (58.84%) boys had a smaller left testis and 142 (41.16%) had a smaller right testis. In all, 51 boys (14.78%) had a TAI >20%, 45 (13.04%) had a TV difference (TVD) of >2 mL with a deficit in left TV, and 69 (20.00)% had a TAI >20% or a TVD of >2 mL with a deficit in left TV. Related‐samples Wilcoxon signed‐rank test showed a significant difference in mean left and right TV for the entire population, and more specifically for TSG3 (P < 0.001) and TSP3 (P = 0.004). A one‐sample t‐test showed a significant difference in the mean TAI vs the test value of 0 for the entire population (P = 0.002), and more specifically for TSG3 (P < 0.001) and TSP3 (P = 0.003).ConclusionTesticular asymmetry, with a smaller left testis, was seen in a considerable number of healthy adolescents. One out of five adolescents had a smaller left testis and met one of the threshold values currently used in varicocoele management. Therefore, in left‐sided unilateral inguinoscrotal pathology, a smaller ipsilateral testis in combination with a TAI of >20% and/or TVD of >2 mL requires careful interpretation and serial measurements of TV should always be performed. Furthermore, this study provides reference values for TV, TVD and TAI according to TSG and TSP for a healthy adolescent population.
Species‐specific susceptibility to cannabis‐induced convulsions
Authors: Whalley Benjamin J , Lin Hong , Bell Lynne , Hill Thomas , Patel Amesha , Gray Roy A , Elizabeth Roberts C , Devinsky Orrin , Bazelot Michael , Williams Claire M , Stephens Gary J 
Published: February 2018

Background and PurposeNumerous claims are made for cannabis' therapeutic utility upon human seizures, but concerns persist about risks. A potential confounder is the presence of both Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), variously reported to be pro‐ and anticonvulsant, and cannabidiol (CBD), widely confirmed as anticonvulsant. Therefore, we investigated effects of prolonged exposure to different THC/CBD cannabis extracts on seizure activity and associated measures of endocannabinoid (eCB) system signalling.Experimental ApproachCannabis extract effects on in vivo neurological and behavioural responses, and on bioanalyte levels, were measured in rats and dogs. Extract effects on seizure activity were measured using electroencephalography telemetry in rats. eCB signalling was also investigated using radioligand binding in cannabis extract‐treated rats and treatment‐naïve rat, mouse, chicken, dog and human tissue.Key ResultsProlonged exposure to cannabis extracts caused spontaneous, generalized seizures, subserved by epileptiform discharges in rats, but not dogs, and produced higher THC, but lower 11‐hydroxy‐THC (11‐OH‐THC) and CBD, plasma concentrations in rats versus dogs. In the same rats, prolonged exposure to cannabis also impaired cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1 receptor)‐mediated signalling. Profiling CB1 receptor expression, basal activity, extent of activation and sensitivity to THC suggested interspecies differences in eCB signalling, being more pronounced in a species that exhibited cannabis extract‐induced seizures (rat) than one that did not (dog).Conclusions and ImplicationsSustained cannabis extract treatment caused differential seizure, behavioural and bioanalyte levels between rats and dogs. Supporting radioligand binding data suggest species differences in eCB signalling. Interspecies variations may have important implications for predicting cannabis‐induced convulsions from animal models.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc
The role of bradykinin receptor type 2 in spontaneous extravasation in mice skin: implications for non‐allergic angio‐oedema
Authors: Bisha Marion , Dao Vu Thao‐Vi , Gholamreza‐Fahimi Ehsan , Vogt Michael , van Zandvoort Marc , Weber Sarah , Bas Murat , Khosravani Farbod , Kojda Georg , Suvorava Tatsiana 
Published: February 2018

Background and PurposeNon‐allergic angio‐oedema is a life‐threatening disease mediated by activation of bradykinin type 2 receptors (B2 receptors). The aim of this study was to investigate whether activation of B2 receptors by endogenous bradykinin contributes to physiological extravasation. This may shed new light on the assumption that treatment with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) results in an alteration in the vascular barrier function predisposing to non‐allergic angio‐oedema.Experimental ApproachWe generated a new transgenic mouse model characterized by endothelium‐specific overexpression of the B2 receptor (B2tg) and established a non‐invasive two‐photon laser microscopy approach to measure the kinetics of spontaneous extravasation in vivo. The B2tg mice showed normal morphology and litter size as compared with their transgene‐negative littermates (B2n).Key ResultsOverexpression of B2 receptors was functional in conductance vessels and resistance vessels as evidenced by B2 receptor‐mediated aortic dilation to bradykinin in presence of non‐specific COX inhibitor diclofenac and by significant hypotension in B2tg respectively. Measurement of dermal extravasation by Miles assay showed that bradykinin induced extravasation was significantly increased in B2tg as compared with B2n. However, neither endothelial overexpression of B2 receptors nor treatment with the ACEi moexipril or B2 antagonist icatibant had any effect on spontaneous extravasation measured by two‐photon laser microscopy.Conclusions and ImplicationsActivation of B2 receptors does not appear to be involved in spontaneous extravasation. Therefore, the assumption that treatment with an ACEi results in an alteration in the physiological vascular barrier function predisposing to non‐allergic angio‐oedema is not supported by our findings.
In vitro and in vivo effects of MK2206 and chloroquine combination therapy on endometriosis: autophagy may be required for regrowth of endometriosis
Authors: Matsuzaki Sachiko , Pouly Jean‐Luc , Canis Michel 
Published: February 2018

Background and PurposeA high recurrence rate after medical treatment is a major clinical problem for patients with endometriosis. Here, we have evaluated the in vitro effects of combined treatment with MK2206 (an AKT inhibitor) + chloroquine on cell growth and regrowth of endometriotic stromal cells and the in vivo effects on endometriotic implants in a mouse xenograft model of endometriosis.Experimental ApproachWe evaluated the effects of autophagy inhibition by knockdown of the ATG13, Beclin‐1 and ATG12 genes and pharmacological agents (chloroquine, bafilomycin A1 or 3‐methyalanine) individually and in combination with MK2206 on cell growth and/or cell regrowth of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated treatment with MK2206 + chloroquine on endometriotic implants in a mouse xenograft model of endometriosis.Key ResultsCombined treatment with MK2206 and chloroquine markedly reduced cell growth and regrowth after discontinuation of treatment in endometriotic stromal cells compared with cells treated with either drug alone. Autophagy inhibition by ATG13, Beclin‐1 or ATG12 gene knockdown only affected regrowth of endometriotic stromal cells, but not endometrial stromal cells from the same patients, after a 72 h discontinuation of the combined treatment. Furthermore, combined treatment reduced the size of endometriotic implants, whereas no effects on endometriotic implants treated with either drug alone were observed in a mouse xenograft model of endometriosis.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe present findings suggest that a novel strategy for treatment of endometriosis may involve decreasing the number of endometriotic cells that can survive treatment and then preventing regrowth by autophagy inhibition.
Parental Depression, Overreactive Parenting, and Early Childhood Externalizing Problems: Moderation by Social Support
Authors: Taraban Lindsay , Shaw Daniel S. , Leve Leslie D. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Ganiban Jody M. , Reiss David , Neiderhiser Jenae M. 
Published: February 2018

This study used a large (N = 519), longitudinal sample of adoptive families to test overreactive parenting as a mediator of associations between parental depressive symptoms and early childhood externalizing, and parents’ social support satisfaction as a moderator. Maternal parenting (18 months) mediated the association between maternal depressive symptoms (9 months) and child externalizing problems (27 months). Paternal parenting was not a significant mediator. Unexpectedly, we found a cross‐over effect for the moderating role of social support satisfaction, such that partners’ social support satisfaction reduced the strength of the association between each parent's own depressive symptoms and overreactive parenting. Results point to the importance of accounting for broader family context in predicting early childhood parenting and child outcomes.
Fidelity of motivational interviewing in an American Indian oral health intervention
Authors: Wilson Anne R. , Fehringer Karen A. , Henderson William G. , Venner Kamilla , Thomas Jacob , Harper Maya M. , Batliner Terrence S. , Albino Judith 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesAssess fidelity of a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention focused on preventing early childhood caries in a cohort of American Indian mothers with newborns.MethodsFour interventionists were trained to administer an oral health MI intervention. The MI sessions were audio recorded to enable scoring as part of fidelity studies to assess the interventionist's degree of competence in using MI principles. Evaluation of the interventionists was completed using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) 3.1.1. which assesses global ratings and behaviour counts. Two reviewers evaluated and scored the MI sessions; a random sample of twenty per cent of the total interviews was scored by a trained reviewer and fifty per cent of the randomly selected files scored by an external expert. A total of 225 files were coded by the trained reviewer and 121 files by the external expert.ResultsMean global scores for all interventionists combined were around 4.0 (expert competence). Scores for reflection to question ratios (around 0.6) were below beginner competence. Scores ranged from beginner to expert competence for open‐ended questions (54%‐56%), complex reflections (38%‐43%) and MI‐adherent statements (93%‐95%). There was variation in competence for the four interventionists when analysed individually. Inter‐rater reliability scores for the two reviewers ranged from fair (0.40‐0.59) to good (0.60‐0.74). The MI interventionist rated the best in the fidelity assessment had the worst study outcomes compared to other interventionists.ConclusionsIndividual interventionists' scores for the MITI global ratings and behaviour counts reflected variation in competence and ranged from below beginner to expert levels. A higher competence level of the interventionist as assessed by the fidelity study was not related to better study outcomes.
Outcomes at 7 years post‐transplant in black vs nonblack kidney transplant recipients administered belatacept or cyclosporine in BENEFIT and BENEFIT‐EXT
Authors: Florman Sander , Vincenti Flavio , Durrbach Antoine , Abouljoud Marwan , Bresnahan Barbara , Garcia Valter Duro , Mulloy Laura , Rice Kim , Rostaing Lionel , Zayas Carlos , Calderon Kellie , Meier‐Kriesche Ulf , Polinsky Martin , Yang Lingfeng , Medina Pestana Jose , Larsen Christian P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClinical outcomes are generally worse for black vs nonblack renal allograft recipients. In BENEFIT and BENEFIT‐EXT, recipients were randomized to belatacept more intense‐based, belatacept less intense‐based, or cyclosporine‐based immunosuppression. At year 7, belatacept was associated with superior graft survival vs cyclosporine in BENEFIT (recipients of living or standard criteria deceased donor kidneys); belatacept was associated with similar graft survival vs cyclosporine in BENEFIT‐EXT (recipients of extended criteria donor kidneys). In both studies, renal function was superior for belatacept‐treated vs cyclosporine‐treated patients. Seven‐year outcomes were examined by race post hoc in each study. The effect of race and treatment on time to death or graft loss was compared using Cox regression. The interaction between treatment and race was also considered. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from months 1 to 84 using a repeated‐measures model. In total, 8.3% (55/666) and 13.1% (71/543) of patients in BENEFIT and BENEFIT‐EXT, respectively, were black. Time to death or graft loss was similar in blacks and nonblacks. For both subgroups, estimated mean GFR increased over 7 years for belatacept, but declined for cyclosporine. Outcomes were similar in belatacept‐treated black and nonblack patients. Due to the small number of black patients, these results must be interpreted with caution.
Consistent life history shifts along invasion routes? An examination of round goby populations invading on two continents
Authors: Masson L. , Masson G. , Beisel J. N. , Gutowsky L. F. G. , Fox M. G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimMany invasive populations exhibit dynamic life history shifts along their invasion route. We investigated whether these shifts represent consistent biological responses of a given species to range expansion, even in systems located in different geographic regions.LocationNorth‐eastern France, Central Ontario (Canada).MethodWe investigated population density, life history traits and age‐specific reproductive investment in expanding populations of round goby at three invasion stages (expansion front, area colonized one year earlier and area colonized for ~five years) along the invasive routes in two river systems differing in climate and system productivity. Interindividual variability, shown to affect range expansion rates, was also investigated along the invasion routes. The study was based on female round gobies collected in three locations within each invasion stage twice monthly throughout the reproductive season (March/May to July).ResultsIn both systems, reproductive investment was highest in the newly colonized area and decreased with time since colonization. A faster decrease in reproductive investment was found in the warmer, more productive system behind the invasion front, potentially associated with faster population growth and increased intraspecific competition. In both systems, individual variability in growth and reproductive traits increased from the newly colonized area to the areas of earlier colonization.Main conclusionsThe patterns observed in the two systems suggest a common invasion strategy independent of environmental conditions and highlight the dynamic nature of invasive populations’ life history behind the invasion front. Common energetic allocation strategies can be expected at the invasion front. Range expansion may be associated with population growth induced by rapid acclimation to biotic conditions associated with range shift.
Specific synbiotics in early life protect against diet‐induced obesity in adult mice
Authors: Mischke Mona , Arora Tulika , Tims Sebastian , Engels Eefje , Sommer Nina , van Limpt Kees , Baars Annemarie , Oozeer Raish , Oosting Annemarie , Bäckhed Fredrik , Knol Jan 
Published: February 2018

AimsThe metabolic state of human adults is associated with their gut microbiome. The symbiosis between host and microbiome is initiated at birth, and early life microbiome perturbation can disturb health throughout life. Here, we determined how beneficial microbiome interventions in early life affect metabolic health in adulthood.MethodsPostnatal diets were supplemented with either prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS) or synbiotics (scGOS/lcFOS with Bifidobacterium breve M‐16 V) until post‐natal (PN) day 42 in a well‐established rodent model for nutritional programming. Mice were subsequently challenged with a high‐fat Western‐style diet (WSD) for 8 weeks. Body weight and composition were monitored, as was gut microbiota composition at PN21, 42 and 98. Markers of glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and host transcriptomics of 6 target tissues were determined in adulthood (PN98).ResultsEarly life synbiotics protected mice against WSD‐induced excessive fat accumulation throughout life, replicable in 2 independent European animal facilities. Adult insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia were improved and most pronounced changes in gene expression were observed in the ileum. We observed subtle changes in faecal microbiota composition, both in early life and in adulthood, including increased abundance of Bifidobacterium. Microbiota transplantation using samples collected from synbiotics‐supplemented adolescent mice at PN42 to age‐matched germ‐free recipients did not transfer the beneficial phenotype, indicating that synbiotics‐modified microbiota at PN42 is not sufficient to transfer long‐lasting protection of metabolic health status.ConclusionTogether, these findings show the potential and importance of timing of synbiotic interventions in early life during crucial microbiota development as a preventive measure to lower the risk of obesity and improve metabolic health throughout life.