bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyoderma Gangrenosum After Abdominal Free Tissue Transfer for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Li Wai-Yee , Andersen James C. , Jung Jae , Andersen James S. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction
Pyoderma gangrenosum following free tissue transfer for breast reconstruction is rare. This unusual ulcerative condition is frequently misdiagnosed, leading to inappropriate debridement and escalation of the subsequent wound through pathergy. Once diagnosed, treatment with immunosuppressive agents, including corticosteroids, results in an initial rapid response, but prolonged treatment is required. There is a paucity of literature regarding how to approach future surgery.

Methods
This was a retrospective case review from a single center over a 17-year period. All patients diagnosed with postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum after free tissue transfer from the abdomen for breast reconstruction were included.

Results
Of 456 free tissue transfers from the abdomen for breast reconstruction, 8 women who underwent 13 free flaps were diagnosed with postsurgical pyoderma gangrenosum in 10 flaps. The surgeries performed included transverse rectus abdominis muscle (n = 5), deep inferior epigastric perforator (n = 4) and superficial inferior epigastric artery (n = 4) flaps. Mean age at diagnosis was 52.8 years, and 3 patients had preexisting autoimmune conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus, dermatomyositis, and Graves disease. The mean time of presentation of wound symptoms was 3.9 days after surgery, and mean time diagnosis was made was 9.4 days.

Conclusions
Pyoderma gangrenosum after autologous breast reconstruction is a rare, but serious, complication that is worsened by misdiagnosis and inappropriate debridement. We present a case series of 8 patients and emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment with immune suppression. We include a treatment algorithm to manage these patients, once the diagnosis is suspected. Future surgery can be considered with a fully informed patient and careful collaboration with dermatology colleagues.
A Clostridia-rich microbiota contributes to increased excretion of bile acids in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zhao Ling , Yang Wei , Chen Yang , Huang Fengjie , Lu Lin , Lin Chengyuan , Huang Tao , Ning Ziwan , Zhai Lixiang , Zhong Linda LD , Lam Waiching , Yang Zhen , Zhang Xuan , Cheng Chungwah , Han Lijuan , Qiu Qinwei , Shang Xiaoxiao , Huang Runyue , Ren Zhenxing , Chen Dongfeng , Sun Silong , El-Nezami Hani , Lu Aiping , Fang Xiaodong , Jia Wei , Bian Zhaoxiang 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveAn excess of fecal bile acids (BAs) is thought to be one of the mechanisms for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). However, the factors causing excessive BA excretion remains unclear. Given the importance of gut microbiota in BA metabolism, we hypothesized that gut dysbiosis might contribute to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D.DesignMetabolomic and metagenomic analyses were performed of specimens from 290 IBS-D patients and 89 healthy volunteers. By transplanting human microbiota and manipulating specific microbiome species in mice, the effects of microbiota on host BA metabolism were assessed at metabolic, genetic and protein levels. Effects of individual and mixed BAs on enterohepatic feedback pathways were also tested in vitro and in vivo.ResultsTotal fecal BAs were excessively excreted in 24.5% of IBS-D patients. Their fecal metagenomes showed increased abundances of Clostridia and BA-transforming genes (hdhA and bais). The increases of Clostridia bacteria (e.g. C. scindens) were positively associated with the levels of fecal BAs and serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), while being negatively correlated with serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19). Both Clostridia-rich human microbiota and C. scindens enhanced levels of serum C4 and hepatic conjugated BAs in mice recipients and reduced ileal FGF19 expression. Inhibition of Clostridium species by vancomycin yielded opposite findings. Clostridia-derived BAs (e.g. conjugated and free ursodeoxycholic acid) significantly suppressed intestinal FGF19 expression.ConclusionThe Clostridia-rich microbiota contributes to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D patients. This study provided the basis for more precise clinical diagnosis and management for IBS-D.
Revisiting the decay of scientific email addresses
Authors: Rodriguez-Esteban Raul , Vishnyakova Dina , Rinaldi Fabio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEmail is the primary means of communication for scientists. However, scientific authors change email address over time. Using a new method, we have calculated that approximately 18% of all authors’ contact email addresses in MEDLINE are invalid. While an unfortunate number, it is, however, lower than previously estimated. To mitigate this problem, institutions should provide email forwarding and scientific authors should use more stable email addresses. In fact, a steadily growing share already use free private email addresses: 32% of all new addresses in MEDLINE in 2018 were of this kind.
Recording temporal data onto DNA with minutes resolution
Authors: Bhan Namita J , Strutz Jonathan , Glaser Joshua , Kalhor Reza , Boyden Edward , Church George , Kording Konrad , Tyo Keith E.J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecording biological signals can be difficult in three-dimensional matrices, such as tissue. We present a DNA polymerase-based strategy that records temporal biosignals locally onto DNA to be read out later, which could obviate the need to extract information from tissue on the fly. We use a template-independent DNA polymerase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) that probabilistically adds dNTPs to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrates without a template. We show thatin vitro, the dNTP-incorporation preference of TdT changes with the presence of Co2+, Ca2+, Zn2+and temperature. Extracting the signal profile over time is possible by examining the dNTP incorporation preference along the length of synthesized ssDNA strands like a molecular ticker tape. We call this TdT-based untemplated recording of temporal local environmental signals (TURTLES). We show that we can determine the time of Co2+addition to within two minutes over a 60-minute period. Further, TURTLES has the capability to record multiple fluctuations. We can estimate the rise and fall of an input Co2+pulse to within three minutes. TURTLES has at least 200-fold better temporal resolution than all previous DNA-based recording techniques.
Relationship Between Motor Capacity of the Contralesional and Ipsilesional Hand Depends on the Side of Stroke
Authors: Varghese Rini , Winstein Carolee J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that after a stroke, ipsilesional deficits increase as contralesional impairment increases. Here, we asked if the relationship between the motor capacities of the two limbs differs based on the side of stroke. Forty-two pre-morbidly right-handed chronic stroke survivors (left hemisphere damage, LHD = 21) with mild-to-moderate paresis performed distal items of the Wolf Motor Function Test (dWMFT). We found that compared to RHD, the relationship between contralesional arm impairment (Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer, UEFM) and ipsilesional hand motor capacity was stronger (R2LHD= 0.42; R2RHD < 0.01; z = 2.12; p = 0.03) and the slope was steeper (t = −2.03; p = 0.04) in LHD. Similarly, the relationship between contralesional dWMFT and ipsilesional hand motor capacity was stronger (R2LHD= 0.65; R2RHD= 0.09; z = 2.45; p = 0.01) and the slope was steeper (t = 2.03; p = 0.04) in LHD compared to RHD. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the presence of an interaction between contralesional UEFM and side of stroke (β3= 0.66 ± 0.30; p = 0.024) but only trended towards significance for the interaction between contralesional dWMFT and side of stroke (β3= −0.51 ± 0.34; p = 0.05). Results were confirmed after removal of potential outliers. Our findings suggest that the relationship between contra- and ipsi-lesional motor capacity depends on the side of stroke, such that the inter-limb relationship is stronger for stroke survivors with left hemisphere damage compared to those with right hemisphere damage.
GABAA receptor-mediated currents and hormone mRNAs in cells expressing more than one hormone transcript in intact human pancreatic islets
Authors: Korol Sergiy V. , Jin Zhe , Birnir Bryndis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn pancreatic islets the major cell-types are α, β and δ cells, secreting the hormones glucagon (GCG), insulin (INS) and somatostatin (SST), respectively. The GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) signalling system is expressed in human pancreatic islets. We have previously used single-cell RT-PCR in combination with current recordings to correlate expression of single hormone transcript with functional GABAA receptor (iGABAAR) properties in islets. Here we extended these studies to islet cells from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic donors that express mRNAs for more than one hormone. We detected cells expressing double (α/β, α/δ, β/δ cell-types) and triple (α/β/δ cell-type) hormone transcripts. The most common mixed-identity cell-type was the α/β group where the cells could be grouped into β- and α-like subgroups. The β-like cells had low GCG/INS expression ratio (< 0.6) and significantly higher frequency of single-channel iGABAAR openings than the α-like cells where the GCG/INS expression ratio was high (> 1.2). The difference in expression levels and single channel iGABAAR characteristics varied in the α/β/δ cell-type. No correlation was observed between the cell-types identity with time in culture or cell size. Clearly, multiple hormone transcripts can be expressed in islet cells whereas iGABAAR functional properties appear α or β cell specific.
Conserved pheromone production, response and degradation byStreptococcus mutans
Authors: Ricomini Filho Antonio Pedro , Khan Rabia , Åmdal Heidi Aarø , Petersen Fernanda C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTStreptococcus mutans, a bacterium with high cariogenic potential, coordinates competence for natural transformation and bacteriocin production via the XIP and CSP pheromones. CSP is effective in inducing bacteriocin responses, but not competence in chemically defined media (CDM). This is in contrast to XIP, which is a strong inducer of competence in CDM, but can also stimulate bacteriocin genes as a late response. Inter-connections between the pathways activated by the two pheromones have been characterized in certain detail inS. mutansUA159, but it is mostly unknown whether such findings are representative for the species. In this study, we used bioassays based on luciferase reporters for the bacteriocin genecipBand the alternative sigma factorsigXto investigate variousS. mutansisolates for production and response to CSP and XIP pheromones in CDM. Similar toS. mutansUA159, endogenous CSP was undetectable in the culture supernatants of all tested strains. During optimization of the bioassay using thecipBreporter, we discovered that the acivity of exogenous CSP used as a standard was reduced over time duringS. mutansgrowth. Using a FRET-CSP reporter peptide, we found thatS. mutansUA159 was indeed able to degrade CSP, and that such proteolytic activity was not significantly different in isogenic mutants with deletion of the protease genehtrA, or the competence genessigX, oppD, andcomR. CSP proteolysis was also detected in all the wild type strains, indicating that such activity is conserved inS. mutans. For the XIP pheromone, endogenous production was observed in the supernatants of all 34 tested strains at peak concentrations in culture supernatants that varied between 200 nM and 26000 nM. Transformation in the presence of exogenous XIP was detected in all, but one, of the isolates. The efficiency of transformation varied, however, among the different strains, and for those with the highest transformation rates, endogenous XIP peak concentrations in the supernatants were above 2000 nM XIP. We conclude that XIP production and inducing effect on transformation, as well as proteolytic activity leading to the inactivation of CSP are conserved functions among differentS. mutansisolates. Understanding the functionality and conservation of pheromone systems inS. mutansmay lead to novel strategies to prevent or treat unbalances in oral microbiomes that may favour diseases.
Decrease in within-trial variability contributes to a decrease in across-trial variability of neural firing in the primate cortex during neural computations
Authors: Sendhilnathan Naveen , Basu Debaleena , Murthy Aditya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe conventional approach to understanding neural responses underlying complex computations is to study across-trial averages of repeatedly performed computations from single neurons. When a brain region performs complex computations, such as processing stimulus related information or motor planning, it has been repeatedly shown through measures such as the Fano factor (FF) that neural variability across trials in the network decreases. However, in reality, multiple neurons contribute to a common computation on a single trial, rather than a single neuron contributing to a computation on multiple trials. Therefore, on individual trials the concept of FF loses significance. In this study, we extended previous work using measures of variability that are confined to a single trial and found that neurons perform a common computation, they briefly fire with increased regularity in spike timings, with similar inter-spike interval durations. We propose that this decrease in within-trial variability in neural spiking contributes to a decrease in across-trial variability in neural firing rates during network level computations. We confirmed our hypothesis by testing it on the activity of frontal eye field neurons recorded as two monkeys performed a memory-guided saccade task, and also on simulated spike trains. Furthermore, this phenomenon also has important behavioral correlates: the reaction time of the animal was faster when the within-trial variability was lower. We show that a decrease in within-trial variability is linked to a decrease in across-trial variability in neural response and indicates stationarity of neural network variability across time.New & NoteworthyDuring computations, neural variability across trials decreases. In reality, multiple neurons contribute to a common computation on a single trial, rather than a single neuron contributing to a computation on multiple trials. We found that when a network of neurons performs a common computation, they briefly fire with increased regularity in spike timings. We propose that this decrease in within-trial variability in neural spiking contributes to a decrease in the observed across-trial variability.
Anabolic SIRT4 exerts retrograde control over TORC1 signalling by glutamine sparing in the mitochondria
Authors: Shaw Eisha , Talwadekar Manasi , Mohan Nitya , Acharya Aishwarya , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnabolic and catabolic signalling mediated via mTOR and AMPK have to be intrinsically coupled to mitochondrial functions for maintaining homeostasis and mitigate cellular/organismal stress. Although, glutamine is known to activate mTOR, if/how differential mitochondrial utilization of glutamine impinges on mTOR signalling is less explored. Mitochondrial SIRT4, which unlike other sirtuins is induced in a fed state, is known to inhibit catabolic signalling/pathways through AMPK-PGC1a/SIRT1-PPARa axis and negatively regulate glutamine metabolism via TCA cycle. However, physiological significance of SIRT4 functions during a fed state is still unknown. Here, we establish SIRT4 as key anabolic factor that activates TORC1 signalling and regulates lipogenesis, autophagy and cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the ability of SIRT4 to inhibit anaplerotic conversion of glutamine to α-ketoglutarate potentiates TORC1. Interestingly, we also show that mitochondrial glutamine sparing or utilization is critical for differentially regulating TORC1 under fed and fasted conditions. Moreover, we conclusively show that differential expression of SIRT4 during fed and fasted states is vital for coupling mitochondrial energetics and glutamine utilization with anabolic pathways. These significant findings also illustrate that SIRT4 integrates nutrient inputs with mitochondrial retrograde signals to maintain a balance between anabolic and catabolic pathways.
Grazing‐induced patchiness, not grazing intensity, drives plant diversity in European low‐input pastures
Authors: Tonn Bettina , Densing Eva M. , Gabler Jessica , Isselstein Johannes 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Livestock grazing at low stocking rates is widely recommended to maintain grassland biodiversity. However, empirical evidence of grazing‐intensity effects on plant diversity is contradictory. Explicitly considering the small‐scale heterogeneity of short, frequently grazed and tall, rarely grazed patches typical of low‐input grazing systems may be crucial to the understanding of paddock‐scale grazing effects.

We studied three patch types (short, intermediate, tall) within an unfertilised long‐term cattle grazing experiment in Lower Saxony, Germany, comparing three paddock‐scale grazing intensities. We analysed soil nutrient concentrations and recorded vegetation composition at a total of 135 plots. We determined species richness, Simpson diversity, Simpson evenness and beta diversity of individual plots (plot scale) and patch types within paddocks (patch scale). To quantify paddock‐scale diversity, we resampled plot‐scale species composition across a gradient of relative proportions of short and tall patches within a paddock.

Patch type, not paddock‐scale grazing intensity, was the main driver of plant diversity at both plot and patch scale. Short patches were more diverse than tall patches, but the effect was not strongly mediated by the lower soil nutrient concentrations in the short patches. By contrast, both patch type and grazing intensity affected vegetation composition at plot and patch scale.

Beta‐diversity within and between patch types was independent of grazing intensity; consequently, paddock‐scale diversity was determined by the relative proportion of short versus tall patches. Higher alpha diversity of short patches compared to tall patches was more important than beta diversity between the two patch types in shaping paddock‐scale diversity. Consequently, with increasing short‐patch proportion, paddock‐scale diversity increased.

Synthesis and applications. Our study identifies the grazing‐induced patch structure as the most important driver of plant diversity across different grazing intensities in low‐input, that is, unfertilised and continuously stocked, pastures. To optimise grazing management for biodiversity, understanding plant‐diversity responses to grazing at the patch scale is indispensable. Our results suggest that, in unfertilised, continuously stocked European pastures, trade‐offs between biodiversity and agronomic production may be small, as short patches, whose proportion increases with stocking rate, also had the highest plant diversity.
Wearable devices for cardiac arrhythmia detection: a new contender?
Authors: Sajeev Jithin K. , Koshy Anoop N. , Teh Andrew W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere has been increased consumer uptake of smart devices and wearable technology. They facilitate non‐invasive, ambulatory assessment of numerous cardiac indices, including the heart rate and rhythm. Several studies have reported on the utility and deficiencies of these devices in identifying and monitoring cardiac arrhythmias. The rapid uptake of these consumer devices has the potential to generate vast amounts of biometric data. This coupled with gaps in knowledge pertaining to the optimal management of conditions such as sub clinical atrial fibrillation, may result in unnecessary and expensive downstream testing. An improved understanding of this nascent field by the clinician is vital.
Use of Corifollitropin Alfa for Ovarian Stimulation: A Retrospective Analysis of 804 Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI
Authors: Giang Nhu H. , Vuong Lan N. , Pham Toan D. , Ho Tuong M. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Corifollitropin alfa in GnRH antagonist protocol could provide a friendly treatment for IVF patients. There is limited evidence regarding the outcomes of corifollitropin alfa in ovarian hyperstimulation in Asian population. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on IVF women from July 2012 to July 2018. The recruited patients were expected normal responders, expected poor responders and oocyte donors. The patients underwent GnRH antagonist protocol with corifollitropin alfa. Results: There were 804 IVF patients included in the study. The patients were analyzed into: normal ovarian reserve-autologous cycles ([Formula: see text] 36 years and [Formula: see text] 60 kg, n = 33; [Formula: see text] 36 years and [Formula: see text] 60 kg, n [Formula: see text] 9; [Formula: see text] 36 years and [Formula: see text] 50 kg, n [Formula: see text] 204; [Formula: see text] 36 years and [Formula: see text] 50 kg, n [Formula: see text] 52), normal ovarian reserve-donor cycles ([Formula: see text] 60 kg, n [Formula: see text] 234; [Formula: see text] 60 kg, n [Formula: see text] 104) and diminished ovarian reserve cycles (n [Formula: see text] 168). In each group of patients, the pregnancy outcomes of fresh embryo transfer were comparable to those of frozen embryo transfer. Conclusions: Corifollitropin alfa could offer an effective and simple treatment option for all groups of patients without PCOS.
Adverse outcomes during pregnancy and major congenital malformations in infants of patients with bipolar and schizoaffective disorders treated with antiepileptic drugs: A systematic review
Authors: Giménez Anna , Pacchiarotti Isabella , Gil Joaquín , Murru Andrea , Gomes Susana P. , Pinzón Justo E. , Anmella Gerard , Gómez-Ramiro Marta , Verdolini Norma , Valentí Marc , Goikolea José M. , Vieta Eduard 
Published: May 2019

Cel pracyLeki przeciwpadaczkowe (LPP), które są powszechnie stosowane w zapobieganiu nawrotom i leczeniu ostrych faz choroby afektywnej dwubiegunowej (ChAD) oraz zaburzeń schizoafektywnych (schizoaffective disorder, SAD), często wiążą się z działaniami niepożądanymi w czasie ciąży oraz z poważnymi wadami wrodzonymi (major congenital malformations, MCM). Celem niniejszej pracy było podsumowanie dostępnych badań oceniających skutki stosowania leków przeciwpadaczkowych u ciężarnych kobiet z ChAD i /lub SAD.MetodaPrzeszukano cztery bazy danych od początku do 18 stycznia 2019 roku. Do przeglądu włączono recenzowane badania obserwacyjne dotyczące stosowania LPP u ciężarnych kobiet z ChAD lub SAD. Wykluczono badania nieprzedstawiające danych dotyczących ChAD lub SAD, nie określające stosowanych LPP lub nie oceniające wyników ciąży lub poważnych wad wrodzonychWynikiŁączna ilość znalezionych badań wyniosła 2861. Po usunięciu zdublowanych badań i zastosowaniu kryteriów włączenia/wykluczenia do przeglądu włączono 9 badań obserwacyjnych oceniających pacjentki z ChAD i SAD. Badano następujące LPP: lamotrygina (LTG), kwas walproinowy (VPA), karbamazepina (CBZ), okskarbazepina (OXC), topiramat (TPR) i gabapentyna (GBP). Kwas walproinowy i karbamazepina były lekami przeciwpadaczkowymi, których stosowanie najczęściej wiązało się z poważnymi wadami wrodzonymi. Lamotrygina wykazywała najlepszy profil bezpieczeństwa. U leczonych i nieleczonych kobiet z ChAD obserwowano wyższe wskaźniki powikłań w czasie ciąży w porównaniu ze zdrowymi ciężarnymi.WnioskiStosowanie leków przeciwpadaczkowych w ciąży może mieć niekorzystne skutki oraz prowadzić do poważnych wad wrodzonych u dzieci kobiet z ChAD lub SAD, przy czym wyższe ryzyko występuje przy stosowaniu wyższych dawek. U tego typu pacjentek można rozważyć podawanie lamotryginy, biorąc pod uwagę niski poziom działań niepożądanych. W czasie ciąży należy unikać stosowania kwasu walproinowego i karbamazepiny.