bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the Pagurixus boninensis species group, with descriptions of six new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae)
Authors: KOMAI TOMOYUKI , OSAWA MASAYUKI 
Published: March 2019

McLaughlin & Haig (1984) divided the genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939 in two informal species groups on the basis of the presence or absence of setal row(s) on the ventral surface of the ultimate segment of the antennular peduncle. The first group, characterized by the presence of the setal rows, is herein named the P. boninensis species group, and the second, characterized by the absence of setal rows, is named the P. anceps group. In this paper, species of the P. boninensis group are reviewed. Thirteen species are recognized in this species group, of which six are new: Pagurixus laevimanus (Ortmann, 1892), P. maorus (Nobili, 1906), P. boninensis (Melin, 1939), P. tweediei (Forest, 1956), P. festinus McLaughlin & Haig, 1984, P. nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995, P. pulcher Osawa, Fujita & Okuno, 2006, P. brachydactylus n. sp. , P. carinimanus n. sp. , P. concolor n. sp. , P. paulayi n. sp. , P. pseliophorus n. sp. and P. ruber n. sp. These species are further arranged into two subgroups based on the presence or absence of a lateral ridge on the carpus of the left cheliped. The new species are fully described and illustrated. Redescriptions or updated descriptions and illustrations are given for each previously described species in order to facilitate comparisons. The affinities and important morphological variations of the species are discussed and their overall distributions are updated. Because of the sexual dimorphism exhibited by species of this genus, separate identification keys to males and females are presented.
Strong Wind Speed Events over Antarctica and Its Surrounding Oceans
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhong Shiyuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStrong wind events (SWEs) over Antarctica and its surrounding oceans are investigated using gridded surface wind data from the ERA-Interim for the 1979–2017 period. Throughout the year, SWEs are more prevalent over the coastal region of East Antarctica where mean surface wind speeds are also higher. The occurrences of SWEs appear to be accompanied by positive anomalies in surface temperature and negative (positive) anomalies in mean sea level pressure related to cyclone (anticyclone) activity over the Ronne and Ross Ice Shelves and coastal regions (the inland areas of East Antarctica). The interannual variability of the SWE occurrences appears to be related to the southern annular mode (SAM) and, to a lesser degree, ENSO. The trends of SWE in the recent four decades exhibit considerable regional variations that are consistent with the trends in seasonal mean wind speed and surface air temperature, and can be largely explained by the variations in the sea level pressure trends across the region.
Adolescent feedback on predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features in asthma self-management apps
Authors: Roberts Courtney A , Sage Adam J , Geryk Lorie L , Sleath Betsy L , Carpenter Delesha M 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Mobile health apps hold potential to support and reinforce positive health behaviours, especially among young people with chronic diseases like asthma that require continual self-management. We aimed to gain feedback from adolescents with asthma on two existing asthma self-management apps to guide the development of an evidence- and theory-based asthma app that meets their asthma management needs. Design: A qualitative interview study was conducted with adolescents with persistent asthma ( n = 20), aged 12–16. Setting: Interviews took place after the individual’s clinic appointment and during telephone interviews one week later. Methods: Participants provided feedback on two asthma self-management apps during two semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using MAXQDA 11. The Precede–Proceed Model (PPM) was used as a framework to evaluate perceptions of app features, including utility. Suggestions for improvements, including addition of predisposing, reinforcing and enabling PPM features, were identified. Results: The majority of app features functioned as enabling (e.g. inputting triggers, recording doctor’s appointments and tracking peak flow). However, participants recommended addition of predisposing and reinforcing features, including knowledge on dealing with asthma triggers (predisposing) and a reward system for daily peak flow entry (reinforcing), to support their asthma management. Conclusion: Findings suggest that including predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features in asthma apps could facilitate asthma self-management. Public health professionals should partner with app developers in the development of asthma self-management apps that include predisposing, reinforcing and enabling features to meet user needs and ensure they are effective and accepted behaviour change apps.
Beyond Fitts’s Law: A Three-Phase Model Predicts Movement Time to Position an Object in an Immersive 3D Virtual Environment
Authors: Deng Cheng-Long , Geng Peng , Hu Yi-Fei , Kuai Shu-Guang 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The study examines the factors determining the movement time (MT) of positioning an object in an immersive 3D virtual environment. Background: Positioning an object into a prescribed area is a fundamental operation in a 3D space. Although Fitts’s law models the pointing task very well, it does not apply to a positioning task in an immersive 3D virtual environment since it does not consider the effect of object size in the positioning task. Method: Participants were asked to position a ball-shaped object into a spherical area in a virtual space using a handheld or head-tracking controller in the ray-casting technique. We varied object size (OS), movement amplitude (A), and target tolerance (TT). MT was recorded and analyzed in three phases: acceleration, deceleration, and correction. Results: In the acceleration phase, MT was inversely related to object size and positively proportional to movement amplitude. In the deceleration phase, MT was primarily determined by movement amplitude. In the correction phase, MT was affected by all three factors. We observed similar results whether participants used a handheld controller or head-tracking controller. We thus propose a three-phase model with different formulae at each phase. This model fit participants’ performance very well. Conclusion: A three-phase model can successfully predict MT in the positioning task in an immersive 3D virtual environment in the acceleration, deceleration, and correction phases, separately. Application: Our model provides a quantitative framework for researchers and designers to design and evaluate 3D interfaces for the positioning task in a virtual space.
Associations of Video Head Impulse Test and Caloric Testing among Patients with Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Brown C. Scott , Peskoe Sarah B. , Risoli Thomas , Garrison Douglas B. , Kaylie David M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo determine relationships between caloric testing (CT) and video head impulse testing (vHIT) among patients with unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS). To describe the distribution of CT and vHIT measurements and assess associations with tumor size and self‐perceived handicapping effects.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary referral hospital.Subjects and MethodsSubjects were adults with presumed unilateral VS between 2014 and 2017. Interventions were CT and vHIT. Primary outcomes were vHIT value (abnormal <0.8) and CT value (abnormal >25%). Secondary outcomes were tumor size and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores.ResultsFifty‐one individuals had complete data for CT and vHIT. The odds of abnormal gain increases by 2.18 for every 10% increase in unilateral weakness on CT (range, 1.44‐3.34; P <. 001). A significant negative correlation between CT and gain exists (rs = −0.64, P <. 001). Odds of observing saccades increased by 2.68 for every 10% increase in unilateral weakness (range, 1.48‐4.85; P =. 001). This association was larger in magnitude for overt than covert saccades (odds ratios, 2.48 and 1.59, respectively). Tumor size was significantly associated with an increase in caloric weakness (β = 0.135, P <. 001). With every 10‐mm increase of tumor size, odds of abnormal gain on vHIT increased 4.13 (range, 1.46‐11.66; P =. 007). Mean Dizziness Handicap Inventory score was 19.7 (σ = 22), without association to caloric weakness, gain, or tumor size.ConclusionCT and vHIT both effectively assess vestibular function for patients with VS and correlate to tumor size. These findings are important as vHIT has a lower overall cost, improved patient tolerance, and demonstrated reliability.
The Upper Airway Nasal Complex: Structural Contribution to Persistent Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Williams Ryan , Patel Vishal , Chen Yu‐Feng , Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Thamboo Andrew , Most Sam P. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Liu Stanley Y. C. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of the nasal floor and hard palate morphology to nasal obstruction for nonresponders to prior intranasal surgery.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsInstitutional review board–approved, retrospective institutional database analysis was obtained of a cohort of 575 patients who presented with nasal obstruction over a 21‐year period. Of the patients, 89 met inclusion criteria: 52 were placed into the experimental group, defined as having persistent nasal obstruction following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), septoplasty, nasal valve repair, and/or turbinoplasty using validated subjective questionnaires, and 37 were placed into the control group, defined as having resolution of subjective nasal obstruction. Computed tomography imaging was presented to 3 blinded experts, who measured numerous nasal airway and hard palate morphology parameters, including anterior nasal floor width, anterior maxillary angle, maxilla width, anterior nasal floor width, and palatal vault height. Standard demographic information, comorbidities, perioperative 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), and follow‐up time were also assessed. Wilcox rank sum analysis or t test was performed where appropriate.ResultsFollow‐up ranged from 2 to 36 months following surgical intervention. Several skeletal characteristics within the upper airway were significantly associated with persistent nasal obstruction, including acute maxillary angle (P =. 035), narrow maxillary width (P =. 006), and high arched palate (P =. 004).ConclusionPersistent nasal obstruction may be seen in patients with narrow, high arched hard palate despite prior nasal surgical intervention and may benefit from additional skeletal remodeling procedures such as maxillary expansion.
Endoscopic Type 1 Tympanoplasty in Chronic Otitis Media: Comparative Study with a Postauricular Microscopic Approach
Authors: Ohki Masafumi , Kikuchi Shigeru , Tanaka Sunao 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo compare surgical outcomes after tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty for chronic otitis media between transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) and postauricular microscopic ear surgery (PAMES).Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingTertiary care university hospital.Subjects and MethodsConsecutive patients (N = 122) who had undergone tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty for chronic otitis media were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into 2 groups: TEES (n = 47) and PAMES (n = 75). Middle ear condition was graded with the middle ear risk index. Hearing, repair of tympanic membrane perforation, and surgical time were assessed.ResultsThe surgical success rate for hearing (air‐bone gap ≤20 dB) was 95.7% in the TEES group and 84.0% in the PAMES group. Lower middle ear risk resulted in similar mean (95% CI) closure of air‐bone gaps (TEES: 9.6, 6.5‐12.6; PAMES: 8.0, 6.4‐9.7; P =. 333), whereas higher middle ear risk demonstrated significantly larger closure of air‐bone gaps for the TEES group (10.1, 3.3‐16.9) than the PAMES group (–0.2, –4.5 to 4.2; P =. 009). The surgical success rate for repair of tympanic membrane perforation and surgical time were equivalent between TEES and PAMES.ConclusionUnder favorable conditions of the middle ear, TEES and PAMES resulted in similar hearing improvement by tympanoplasty without ossiculoplasty. However, under adverse conditions of the middle ear, TEES was a more beneficial approach for hearing improvement than PAMES.
Measuring Participation in Employer-Sponsored Health and Well-Being Programs: A Participation Index and Its Association With Health Risk Change
Authors: Seaverson Erin L. D. , Gingerich Stefan B. , Mangen David J. , Anderson David R. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To develop an index of participation in workplace health and well-being programs and assess its relationship with health risk status. Design: Study design comprised a retrospective longitudinal analysis of employee health risk assessment (HRA) and program participation data. Setting: Data from 6 companies that implemented health and well-being programs from 2014 to 2016. Participants: Employee participants (n = 95 318) from 6 companies who completed an HRA in 2014 to 2016. After matching those who completed the HRA in all 3 years, the longitudinal file included 38 789 respondents. Measures: Participation indicators were created for 9 different program components. The sum of these 9 components established the total participation index. Analysis: Descriptive and correlation analyses were conducted on all participation measures. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the impact of participation level on health risk over time. Results: Higher levels of participation were associated with a greater reduction in risks, with each participation dose yielding a reduction of 0.038 risks ( P < .001). Conclusion: Results suggest that employees who participate more in workplace health and well-being programs experience more health risk improvement. The study also supports a more granular definition of participation based on the number of interactions and type of program.
Evaluation of postoperative complication rates in cats undergoing perineal urethrostomy performed in dorsal recumbency
Authors: Watson Mallory T , Roca Rodrigo Y , Breiteneicher Adam H , Kalis Russell H 
Published: March 2019

Case series summary Medical records were reviewed for cats that underwent a perineal urethrostomy performed in dorsal recumbency for the treatment of urethral obstruction. Information, including signalment, reason for presentation, number of previous obstructions, surgery time, and perioperative and postoperative complications, were collected through a review of medical records and owner follow-up. The objective was to evaluate short- and long-term complications in cats that underwent perineal urethrostomy performed in dorsal recumbency for treatment of urethral obstruction. Relevance and novel information No major or life-threatening complications, such as urethral stricture, re-obstruction, euthanasia due to lower urinary signs or chronic urinary tract infection, were reported. Short-term complications were limited to dysuria in 2/12 (16.7%) cats. Long-term follow-up was available for nine cats. The most common long-term complication seen in this population of cats was a single recurrence of urinary tract infection in 3/9 (33.3%) cats that resolved after a short course of empirical antibiotic therapy. Performing perineal urethrostomy in dorsal recumbency is safe and may have advantages to ventral recumbency due to improved visualization, allowing for more efficient dissection and improved accuracy in tissue apposition during closure. We believe this has been a major contributor to our reported reduced major postoperative complication rate.
Foot drop following primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: O’Brien Seamus , Gallagher Nicola , Spence David , Bennett Damien , Dennison Janice , Beverland David E 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Foot drop is a potentially debilitating complication following injury to the sciatic nerve during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and outcome of this complication within one large surgical practice. Methods: We analysed the records of 10,624 primary THAs carried out between January 1993 and November 2017 using a posterior approach. All were under the care of the senior author. Results: Overall, there were 47 cases (0.44%) of foot drop, but over time the incidence dropped from 0.6% to 0.3% ( p = 0.033). Preoperative protrusio acetabulae ( p < 0.001), female sex ( p < 0.001) and junior grade of surgeon ( p < 0.009) were all significant risk factors. In this series, dysplasia was not a risk factor. 1 year postoperatively, 25 (53.2%) had complete recovery, 12 (25.5%) had ongoing sensory deficit but normal power, and 10 (21.3%) had a residual sensory-motor deficit. Conclusion: Take home message:- In this series, protrusio acetabulae, female sex and junior grade of surgeon were significant risk factors for foot drop following primary THA.
Three-year results of a polycarbonate urethane acetabular bearing in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Lazic Stefan , Kellett Catherine , Afzal Irrum , Mohan Rajan , Killampalli Vijay , Field Richard E 
Published: March 2019

Background: Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) is a bearing surface with a lower modulus of elasticity than polyethylene or ceramic and is thought to more closely replicate the tribology of native hyaline cartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes with the use of PCU in elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods: We carried out a prospective observational study in which 157 patients underwent elective THA with a metal-on-PCU hip system. Patients had radiographic follow-up at 6 months and 3 years after surgery. Oxford Hip Scores and EuroQol scores were obtained annually and Harris Hip Scores were obtained at 6 months and 3 years after surgery. Results: 180 hips were implanted, of which, 149 hips reached 3-year review with no revisions. There was an increase in Harris Hip Scores, Oxford Hip Scores and EuroQol scores ( p < 0.001). 12 patients (12 hips) reported painless hip squeaking. There were no dislocations and no other adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Our results showed satisfactory survivorship and improvements in patient reported outcomes with metal on PCU THA. Long-term data are still being collected to confirm these findings. We recommend further tribological research into the squeaking phenomenon we observed.
The conundrum of clinical trials and standard of care in sub-Saharan Africa – the research nurse perspective
Authors: Frances Ndyetukira Jane , Kwizera Richard , Kugonza Florence , Ahimbisibwe Cynthia , Namujju Carol , Sadiq Alisat , Namudde Alice , Williams Darlisha , Abassi Mahsa , Rhein Joshua , Boulware David R , Meya David B 
Published: March 2019

Background Nurses form a very important part of the health workforce in sub-Saharan Africa. Research nurses are critical to the implementation of clinical trials. The duties and responsibilities of a research nurse are complex and continue to evolve as new practices and guidelines are formulated. Aims In this paper, we have highlighted the major contributions of research nurses in HIV clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa from the unique perspective of Ugandan nurses. Methods The requirements and challenges of two multi-site, randomised cryptococcal meningitis clinical trials in Uganda were assessed from the perspective of research nurses conducting complex research in resource-limited settings. Results Over the course of 8 years, approximately 1739 participants were screened and 934 people were enrolled into the two trials. The nurses found that patient education and engagement were among the most important predictors of success in minimising loss to follow-up. Conclusions Research nurses played a key role in communicating clinical research goals to patients, obtaining informed consent, minimising loss to follow-up, and ensuring that research practices are translated and implemented into standard of care. However, there remains a need to integrate the same level of care provided in clinical research studies to non-study patients.
How to manipulate friends and influence practice: Application of complexity science leads to quality improvement in laboratory sample submissions
Authors: Simmons Mike , Daniel Sharon , Temple Mark 
Published: March 2019

Background: We sought to reduce healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) through the application of complexity science. Objective: To confirm incidental findings that altering the structure of microbiology reports with targeted education led to better utilisation of laboratory resources, while participating in efforts to reduce HCAI. Methods: We adopted a different approach to laboratory result authorisation, using narrative to engage the clinicians and induce behavioural change. Subsequent educational opportunities emphasised key messages. Findings/Results: Positive urine means calculated by the analysis tool numbered 2179/month throughout the study period. Negative urines started at 5576/month, reduced to 5134/month in November 2014 and to 4602/month in April 2016, coinciding with our changes. Opportunity costs were saved. Discussion: The changes in both policy and reporting were contemporaneous with a decline in negative samples. There were no significant changes in the number of positive specimens. The efficiency and effectiveness of the laboratory was improved and resources released: £145,000 ($182,000) for a resident population of 384,000. This suggests an annual release of about £25 million ($31 million) may be possible in the UK and £122 million ($155 million) in the USA.
Researching with Children: Lessons in Humility, Reciprocity, and Community
Authors: Sumsion Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

I had assumed that my experience as a qualitative researcher accustomed to interviewing adults, and formerly as a teacher of young children, would be an adequate enough basis for undertaking research with children. My first inklings that investigating children's perceptions of their (male) preschool teacher would be far from straightforward surfaced when Bill* (the children's teacher) introduced me to them. He explained to the children that I would be sitting at the drawing and writing table and that I would like them to draw a picture of him, and to tell me about it. ‘Perhaps you could draw a picture of me in a pink dress,’ he joked. I settled myself at the table and waited. The few children who approached the table that first morning were more interested in colouring Christmas decorations, the other activity available at the table that day, than in drawing a picture of Bill. ‘Bring some novelty pencils tomorrow’, advised Bill, ‘You need something to attract their interest’. More children approached the table the following day, keen to use pencils topped with the plastic dinosaurs I'd hastily bought at the local toyshop the previous afternoon. It was clear, though, that the pencils were the drawcard, not the opportunity to draw and talk about Bill. On my third day in the centre, I strategically ‘reserved’ the dinosaur pencils for children who agreed to draw a picture of Bill. He assisted by removing the colouring activity and channelling children toward me. Their ‘resistance’ was impressive. Sometimes subtle, more often overt, it took the form of rushed, scribbled drawings, multiple versions of Bill in a pink dress, ‘silly’ talk and ‘rough house’ play, almost identical comments, or no comments at all. Deflated and dejected, I retreated from the centre at the end of the week with little meaningful data, my stance as researcher severely challenged and disrupted.