bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing of Local Multifield Coupling Phenomena of Advanced Materials by Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Li Tao , Zeng Kaiyang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe characterization of the local multifield coupling phenomenon (MCP) in various functional/structural materials by using scanning probe microscopy (SPM)‐based techniques is comprehensively reviewed. Understanding MCP has great scientific and engineering significance in materials science and engineering, as in many practical applications, materials and devices are operated under a combination of multiple physical fields, such as electric, magnetic, optical, chemical and force fields, and working environments, such as different atmospheres, large temperature fluctuations, humidity, or acidic space. The materials' responses to the synergetic effects of the multifield (physical and environmental) determine the functionalities, performance, lifetime of the materials, and even the devices' manufacturing. SPM techniques are effective and powerful tools to characterize the local effects of MCP. Here, an introduction of the local MCP, the descriptions of several important SPM techniques, especially the electrical, mechanical, chemical, and optical related techniques, and the applications of SPM techniques to investigate the local phenomena and mechanisms in oxide materials, energy materials, biomaterials, and supramolecular materials are covered. Finally, an outlook of the MCP and SPM techniques in materials research is discussed.
Simultaneous Strontium Doping and Chlorine Surface Passivation Improve Luminescence Intensity and Stability of CsPbI3 Nanocrystals Enabling Efficient Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Lu Min , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Yu , Guo Jie , Shen Xinyu , Yu William W. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA method is proposed to improve the photo/electroluminescence efficiency and stability of CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) by using SrCl2 as a co‐precursor. The SrCl2 is chosen as the dopant to synthesize the CsPbI3 NCs. Because the ion radius of Sr2+ (1.18 Å) is slightly smaller than that of Pb2+ (1.19 Å) ions, divalent Sr2+ cations can partly replace the Pb2+ ions in the lattice structure of perovskite NCs and cause a slight lattice contraction. At the same time, Cl− anions from SrCl2 are able to efficiently passivate surface defect states of CsPbI3 nanocrystals, thus converting nonradiative trap states to radiative states. The simultaneous Sr2+ ion doping and surface Cl− ion passivation result in the enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (up to 84%), elongated emission lifetime, and improved stability. Sr2+‐doped CsPbI3 NCs are employed to produce light‐emitting devices with a high external quantum yield of 13.5%.
Electrochromic‐Polymer‐Based Switchable Plasmonic Color Devices Using Surface‐Relief Nanostructure Pixels
Authors: Atighilorestani Mahdieh , Jiang Hao , Kaminska Bozena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCombining electrochromic (EC) polymers with plasmonic colors is a very promising configuration for realizing full‐color, low‐power, flexible, reflective displays. From materials perspectives, the polymer material growth and its electrochemical properties, and the plasmonic color substrates and their optical properties, must be precisely controlled and tailored to enable optimum performances. Here, a flexible EC plasmonic color device based on polypyrrole and metalized nanoimprinted nanowell arrays is presented, which is capable of reversibly being switched on/off with a high optical contrast on a simple application of an external potential. Additionally, it is demonstrated that by implementing only one EC polymer into the plasmonic color surfaces with different periodicities, it is possible to acquire a wide range of colors.
Pd/Zn Co‐catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reactions of Aza/Oxabicyclic Alkenes with Oximes
Authors: Shen Guoli , Khan Ruhima , Yang Fan , Yang Yong , Pu Dongdong , Gao Yang , Zhan Yong , Luo Yang , Fan Baomin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn application of various oximes as nucleophiles in the asymmetric ring‐opening (ARO) reaction of aza/oxabicyclic alkenes resulting in cis‐ARO products has been developed. The reaction was co‐catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 and Zn(OTf)2 with (R)‐DIFLUORPHOS as the chiral ligand. This methodology exhibits broad substrate scope, functional group tolerance with high enantioselectivity. A synthetic application of this method has been demonstrated.
Colloidal Molecules from Valence‐Endowed Nanoparticles by Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Rouet Pierre‐Etienne , Chomette Cyril , Duguet Etienne , Ravaine Serge 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple method to create a variety of silica‐based colloidal molecules through the covalent assembly of site‐specifically functionalized patchy nanoparticles with complementary nanospheres. Colloidal analogues of BeBr2, BBr3 and CBr4 are obtained from sp‐, sp2‐ and sp3‐like particles, while Br2O and NBr3 analogues can be fabricated by varying the relative amounts of both colloidal precursors. We also show that it is possible to attach covalently silica nanospheres of various sizes to one central patchy nanoparticle, which leads to the formation of more complex colloidal molecules, including chiral ones. The possibility to easily extend the strategy to other colloidal precursors which can serve as satellites, for example, ellipsoidal polymer particles or metallic nanoparticles, opens the way to a rich variety of new colloidal analogues of atoms which could serve as building blocks of next generation materials.
Imaging the Solvation of a One‐Dimensional Solid on the Molecular Scale
Authors: Lucht Karsten , Trosien Iris , Sander Wolfram , Morgenstern Karina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have observed the inversion of the solvation environment of a one‐dimensional solid by low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Adsorption of 3‐methoxy‐9‐diazofluorene on Ag(111) yields highly oriented supramolecular chains, which are then exposed to water molecules. The annealing of dry and water‐decorated chains results in diametrically opposed outcomes. While the former simply leads to an increase in chain length and number, the latter results in a complete loss of order and produces water clusters decorated with the organic molecule.
The Thermodynamics of Insertion Electrochemical Electrodes—A Team Play of Electrons and Ions across Two Separate Interfaces
Authors: Scholz Fritz , Doménech‐Carbó Antonio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInsertion electrochemical electrodes exhibit simultaneous electron and ion transfer, with the two transfers proceeding across different interfaces. Herein the thermodynamics of the overall electrochemical electrode reaction is discussed with respect to the thermodynamics of these two charge‐transfer equilibria. This Minireview includes insertion electrochemical systems where the redox centers are in a solid phase and the ions are transferred between that phase and a solution, and also systems where the redox centers are in a liquid phase that is immiscible with another liquid phase and ions are transferred between the two liquid phases. The Minireview is intended to spark similar studies on battery materials to improve their performance.
HNK‐1 in Morphological Study of Development of the Cardiac Conduction System in Selected Groups of Sauropsida
Authors: Kvasilova Alena , Gregorovicova Martina , Kundrat Martin , Sedmera David 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTHuman natural killer (HNK)‐1 antibody is an established marker of developing cardiac conduction system (CCS) in birds and mammals. In our search for the evolutionary origin of the CCS, we tested this antibody in a variety of sauropsid species (Crocodylus niloticus, Varanus indicus, Pogona vitticeps, Pantherophis guttatus, Eublepharis macularius, Gallus gallus, and Coturnix japonica). Hearts of different species were collected at various stages of embryonic development and studied to map immunoreactivity in cardiac tissues. We performed detection on alternating serial paraffin sections using immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle actin or sarcomeric actin as myocardial markers, and HNK‐1 to visualize overall staining pattern and then positivity in specific myocyte populations. We observed HNK‐1 expression of various intensity distributed in the extracellular matrix and mesenchymal cell surface of cardiac cushions in most of the examined hearts. Strong staining was found in the cardiac nerve fibers and ganglia in all species. The myocardium of the sinus venosus and the atrioventricular canal exhibited transitory patterns of expression. In the Pogona and Crocodylus hearts, as well as in the Gallus and Coturnix ones, additional expression was detected in a subset of myocytes of the (inter)ventricular septum. These results support the use of HNK‐1 as a conserved marker of the CCS and suggest that there is a rudimentary CCS present in developing reptilian hearts. Anat Rec, 302:69–82, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ökobilanzierung von Lebensende‐Optionen
Authors: Horn Rafael , Groenewolt Abel , Krieg Oliver David , Gantner Johannes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Betrachtung temporärer, modularer Bauwerke aus biobasierten Rohstoffen wie Holz stellt bisher für die Ökobilanzierung eine methodische Herausforderung dar. Durch die Integration probabilistischer und dynamischer Elemente konnte eine Methode entwickelt werden, die belastbare Ökobilanzergebnisse unter Berücksichtigung unsicherer Lebensende‐Szenarien und verknüpfter Lebenszyklen ermöglicht. Die Methode wurde am Fallbeispiel einer temporären Leichtbauschalenkonstruktion auf Basis eines modularen Holzbausystems angewendet. Zur Analyse der potenziellen Umweltwirkungen wurde hier beispielhaft das Treibhauspotenzial (GWP – Global Warning Potential) im Rahmen einer Monte‐Carlo‐Analyse unter Berücksichtigung der Unsicherheiten zukünftiger Nutzung untersucht. Dabei ergeben sich klare Vorteile bei einer hohen Anzahl an Umnutzungen gegenüber einer entsprechend hohen Zahl an Neubauten. Darüber hinaus kann gezeigt werden, dass die potenziellen Umweltwirkungen der Konstruktion mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit von 87 % kleiner als 0,8 kg CO 2‐Äquivalente je m2 Nettogrundfläche und Jahr liegen.
Biofilme mit Amöben, Bakterien und Pilzen im gebauten Umfeld des Menschen
Authors: Hofbauer Wolfgang Karl 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBei mikrobiellen Untersuchungen von verschiedenen biogenen schwarzen Verfärbungen von Wasserleitungssystemen oder damit verbundenen Einrichtungen wurden unterschiedliche Mikroorganismen festgestellt. Überraschend häufig wurden dabei freilebende Amöben (FLA), insbesonders aus der Gattung Acanthamoeba, beobachtet, die zusammen mit Bakterien und schwarzen Hefen auftraten. Die untersuchten Biofilme legen in dreifacher Hinsicht eine potenzielle hygienische Belastung nahe: das Auftreten potenziell pathogener Amöben, die wahrscheinliche Beteiligung von pathogenen Bakterien und das Vorkommen von opportunistischen Pilzen. Eine charakteristische Kombination von Umweltfaktoren führt zur Entwicklung dieser speziellen Biofilme, nämlich hohe Temperaturen, periodische Feuchte und damit verbundener Wasserstress oder hoher osmotischer Druck bzw. Salzgehalt sowie die Anwendung von Reinigungsmitteln und fallweise von Desinfektionsmitteln.
Simulationsrechnungen zur klimastabilen Auslegung von Depots und Archiven bei Sanierung und Neubau
Authors: Lengsfeld Kristin , Rösler Doris , Krus Martin , Holl Kristina , Bichlmair Stefan , Kilian Ralf , Klemm Lars 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn Kunstdepots und Archiven ist es erforderlich, ein möglichst konstantes Raumklima zu gewährleisten, um Schädigungen am Archivgut zu vermeiden. Darüber hinaus handelt es sich hier um einen Gebäudetypus, der in der Regel lange Zeit genutzt wird. Daher ist die Frage nach den laufenden Energiekosten von besonderer Relevanz. Hier können über passive Maßnahmen bereits gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden, die sowohl ein gutes Raumklima für die Erhaltung der Kulturgüter, als auch einen energie‐ und damit kosteneffizienten Betrieb gewährleisten. Nachfolgend werden verschiedene Sanierungsmöglichkeiten eines bestehenden Gebäudes sowie Varianten für eine Depoterweiterung und einen Depotneubau mit Hilfe von hygrothermischen Gebäudesimulationen in Hinblick auf die Stabilität des Innenraumklimas beurteilt und bewertet. Der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Luftwechselraten sowie die Menge des Archivgutes auf die Stabilität des Raumklimas werden gezeigt.
Messung des konvektiven Wärmeübergangs – Entwicklung eines neuen Sensors und bauphysikalische Anwendungen
Authors: Mayer Erhard , Zegowitz Andreas , Kersken Matthias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Erfassung konvektiver Wärmeströme von einem Fluid (z. B. Luft) in angrenzende Oberflächen und umgekehrt, ist oft Gegenstand angewandter Forschung, auch in der Bauphysik: z. B. bei der Berechnung der Energiebilanz von Gebäuden, der Wirkung von Heizflächen, der Untersuchung von Zugluft. Ein konvektiver Wärmestrom ist abhängig von der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Fluid und der angrenzenden Oberfläche sowie dem konvektiven Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten hc . Da hc von der Luftbewegung an der Oberfläche bestimmt wird, diese aber meist örtlich und zeitlich variiert, also schwer zu messen ist, werden oft Rechenmodelle zur numerischen Strömungssimulation eingesetzt: Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD. Hierbei werden die sog. Navier‐Stokes‐Gleichungen numerisch gelöst. Anschließend werden die hc‐Werte im Post‐Processing errechnet. Dies geschieht ebenfalls nur näherungsweise, da diese Gleichungen nicht exakt gelöst werden können. Eine Alternative zu dieser mathematischen hc‐Bestimmung stellt die Messung von hc mit dem hier vorgestellten im Fraunhofer IBP neu entwickelten Convective Heattransfer Meter, CHM dar. Dieses Gerät misst die Temperaturgrenzschichtdicke d an der angeströmten Oberfläche und ermittelt hc über die Beziehung hc = λ/d, mit λ, dem Wärmeleitkoeffizienten des Fluids. Sowohl in einem Versuchsraum als auch im Freiland wurden bauphysikalische Einsatzmöglichkeiten des CHMs nachgewiesen.Beide o.g. Methoden zur Ermittlung von konvektiven Wärmeströmen ergänzen einander insofern, als in Zukunft CHM‐Sensoren zur Validierung von CFD‐Berechnungen eingesetzt werden können. Z.B. können mithilfe von lokal durchgeführten physikalischen CHM‐Messungen an einer Wand „globale” CFD‐Näherungen für die gesamte Wand angepasst werden.
Befragungs‐ und Messergebnisse zur Akustik in Hotels
Authors: Leistner Philip , Martin Noemi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDie Akustik von Hotels und Restaurants wurde bislang weder wissenschaftlich noch praktisch hinreichend untersucht. Qualitätsanforderungen und ‐anregungen gibt es zwar einige, wie die hierzulande etablierte Schallschutznorm oder die Klassifizierungs‐ und Zertifizierungssysteme. Zugleich verfolgen manche Hotelketten „Hausstandards”, so dass die Situation für Gäste, Hoteliers und Planer gleichermaßen unübersichtlich ist. Darüber hinaus muss jeder Akustik‐Standard auch baulich und wirtschaftlich umsetzbar sein, so dass „viel hilft viel” nicht die alleinige Richtschnur bilden kann. Um in dieser Situation Antworten zu formulieren, wurden der Stand des Wissens bewertet, Hotelgäste und Hoteliers befragt und eine Reihe von schalltechnischen Messungen in bestehenden Hotels durchgeführt.
Aberrant MCT4 and GLUT1 expression is correlated with early recurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Chen Hai‐Long , OuYang Han‐Yue , Le Yong , Jiang Peng , Tang Hui , Yu Zi‐Shan , He Min‐Ke , Tang Yun‐Qiang , Shi Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is a key determinant of cancer cell biology. The microenvironment is a complex mixture of tumor cells, stromal cells, and proteins, extracellular matrix, oxygen tension, and pH levels surrounding the cells that regulate the tumor progress. This study identified the prognostic factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels in HCC specimens. In this study, we analyzed MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels in tissue samples from 213 patients with HCC by immunohistochemical analyses and in HCC tumor tissues and matched adjacent nonneoplastic tissues by quantitative real‐time PCR. We conducted a prognostic analysis of the overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) using immunoreactivity and other common clinical and pathological parameters. All variables with prognostic impact were further analyzed by multivariate analysis. We found that MCT4 and GLUT1 expression levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues, and they were positively correlated with tumor size. Survival analysis showed that patients with high expression levels of MCT4 or GLUT1 had a poor OS and TTR. In patients with HCC, MCT4 expression was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.617; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.102–2.374; P = 0.014), and metabolic indicators were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR = 1.617, 95% CI = 1.102−2.374, P = 0.006) and TTR (HR = 1.348, 95% CI = 1.079−1.685, P = 0.009). Interestingly, patients with positive metabolic indicator expression in tumor cells had a significantly shorter OS and earlier TTR than those with negative metabolic indicator expression in tumor cells in the ≤5 cm and >5 cm subgroups. In summary, using the expression of MCT4 and GLUT1 and their metabolic parameters to determine the metabolic status of tumors is promising for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Modification of American Joint Committee on cancer prognostic groups for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Shao Ning , Wang Hong‐Kai , Zhu Yao , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the predictive value of the current AJCC stage grouping for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to our modifications.Patients and methodsA total of 2120 patients with RCC from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) database and 74 506 counterparts from SEER database were included. Cox regression was used to calculate the relative impacts between prognostic groups. The predictive accuracy of overall survival (OS) was assessed using the concordance index (C‐index), which was compared by likelihood ratio test.ResultsIn FUSCC cohort, the 5‐year‐OS rate for T3N0M0 patients was higher than T1‐3N1M0 (72.7% vs 38.1%). The 5‐year‐OS rate for T4N0M0 was 36.2%, which was close to T1‐3N1M0 but not to T4N1M0 (0%) and TanyNanyM1 (12.6%). The elements of AJCC groups were regrouped according to the ranks of hazard ratios. The modified stages II (T3N0M0), III (T1‐3N1M0, T4N0M0), and IV (T4N1M0, TanyNanyM1) exhibited greater survival stratification than AJCC groups. The modifications were validated in SEER cohort and yielded similar survival outcomes. The predictive accuracy of OS in modified prognostic groups was significantly higher than AJCC groups in stages II‐IV subgroups in both FUSCC (C‐index: 0.801 vs 0.779, P < 0.001) and SEER cohort (C‐index: 0.770 vs 0.764, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe modified AJCC prognostic groups for RCC provided significantly improved survival prediction compared with the 8th AJCC edition. A precise risk stratification of modified stages II‐IV disease provides an important basis for risk‐equivalent treatment recommendation.
Diastereoselective Cyclobutenol Synthesis: A Heterogeneous Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbocyclization‐Borylation of Enallenols
Authors: Li Man‐Bo , Posevins Daniels , Gustafson Karl P. J. , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Shchukarev Andrey , Qiu Youai , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA highly selective and efficient oxidative carbocyclization/borylation of enallenols catalyzed by palladium immobilized on amino‐functionalized siliceous mesocellular foam (Pd‐AmP‐MCF) was developed for diastereoselective cyclobutenol synthesis. The heterogeneous palladium catalyst can be recovered and recycled without any observed loss of activity or selectivity. The high diastereoselectivity of the reaction is proposed to originate from a directing effect of the enallenol hydroxyl group. Optically pure cyclobutenol synthesis was achieved by the heterogeneous strategy by using chiral enallenol obtained from kinetic resolution.
CFD modelling of conjugate heat transfer in a pilot‐scale unbaffled stirred tank reactor with a plain jacket
Authors: Bentham Erik J. , Heggs Peter J. , Mahmud Tariq 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSemi‐conjugate and fully‐conjugate computational fluid dynamic investigations of the flow and heat transfer in a 25 L pilot‐scale unbaffled stirred tank reactor with a plain jacket are reported. A hot heat transfer fluid (DW‐Therm) flows through the plain jacket and heats water in the vessel, which is agitated by a pitched three‐blade impeller. The shape of the free‐surface of the vortex formed in the unbaffled vessel is captured by the use of a homogeneous multiphase and free‐surface flow model. The simulations of flow and heat transfer are carried out using the ANSYS CFX (V.15) code. The semi‐conjugate simulation considers the vessel wall and the vessel contents, and the fully‐conjugate simulation also includes the flow in the jacket. The upward flow in the jacket is uneven and this dominates the distributions of heat transfer coefficients and shear stresses on the inner and outer surfaces of the vessel wall. The downward motion created by the impeller generates very high heat transfer on the base surface of the vessel, but this is nullified by a stagnation zone in the base region of the jacket. Overall heat transfer coefficients evaluated from average film heat transfer coefficients values from the simulations are around 15 % higher than those evaluated from correlations in the literature. In this pilot plant facility, the combined thermal resistances for the convection in the jacket and across the glass wall dominate the overall heat transfer coefficient.
Potential influence of p16 immunohistochemical staining on the diagnosis of squamous cell lesions in cervical biopsy specimens: observation from cytologic‐histologic correlation
Authors: Yang Jack , Elliott Alexis , Hoffa Anne L. , Herring Nicole , Houser Patricia M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) marker has been used increasingly as an adjunct to morphologic assessment of cervical biopsies in which the differential diagnoses include high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and its mimics. The objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of p16 IHC staining on the evaluation of cervical biopsy as observed through cytologic‐histologic correlation (CHC).MethodsCervical biopsy samples that had cytologic diagnoses of either low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or HSIL and also had histologic follow‐up were retrieved from the department database. CHC and the use of p16 IHC from 2 periods (group 1, 2008; group 2, 2014‐2016) were compared and analyzed.ResultsHistology on 452 samples from patients who had prior LSIL cytology in group 1 yielded 126 benign (27.9%), 272 LSIL (60.2%), and 54 HSIL (11.9%) diagnoses. By comparison, 491 samples from the patients in group 2 yielded 106 benign (21.6%), 277 LSIL (56.4%), and 108 HSIL (22.0%) diagnoses. The difference in CHC discrepancies between the 2 groups was significant (P = .0001), mainly because of the increased diagnosis of HSIL in group 2. Although p16 IHC was not applied to any sample from group 1, it was performed on 141 of 491 samples (28.7%) from group 2. Further follow‐up of patients who had histologic HSIL revealed that residual HSIL was identified significantly more often in those who did not have p16 IHC applied in the preceding cervical biopsy than in those did (P = .0004). A similar comparison was performed between 113 patients from group 1 and 152 patients from group 2 who had a prior diagnosis of HSIL cytology, and the difference was statistically insignificant.ConclusionsThe use of p16 IHC on cervical biopsies in patients who had a prior cytologic diagnosis of LSIL may lead to greater detection and upgrading of HSIL, thereby compounding the discrepancy in CHC.