bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory deficiencies affect resource selection and associational effects at two spatial scales
Authors: Verschut Thomas A. , Inouye Brian D. , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany insect species have limited sensory abilities and may not be able to perceive the quality of different resource types while approaching patchily distributed resources. These restrictions may lead to differences in selection rates between separate patches and between different resource types within a patch, which may have consequences for associational effects between resources. In this study, we used an oviposition assay containing different frequencies of apple and banana substrates divided over two patches to compare resource selection rates of wild‐type Drosophila melanogaster at the between‐ and within‐patch scales. Next, we compared the wild‐type behavior with that of the olfactory‐deficient strain Orco2 and the gustatory‐deficient strain PoxnΔM22‐B5 and found comparable responses to patch heterogeneity and similarly strong selection rates for apple at both scales for the wild‐type and olfactory‐deficient flies. Their oviposition behavior translated into associational susceptibility for apple and associational resistance for banana. The gustatory‐deficient flies, on the other hand, no longer had a strong selection rate for apple, strongly differed in between‐ and within‐patch selection rates from the wild‐type flies, and caused no associational effects between the resources. Our study suggests that differences in sensory capabilities can affect resource selection at different search behavior scales in different ways and in turn underlie associational effects between resources at different spatial scales.
Repeatability assessment of large‐scale fire experiment involving water spray system in a forced ventilated compartment
Authors: Pretrel Hugues , Querre Philippe 
Published: October 2018

SummaryRepeatability of large‐scale fire test remains a key issue for code validation process. Most of the large‐scale experimental studies are based on single experiment, and the influence of repeatability is barely considered in the test analysis process. Due to the substantial cost, reproducing several trials of a given large‐scale fire scenario is not often performed. In the framework of the OECD PRISME 2 project, this topic has been identified, and a specific large‐scale fire test has been reproduced twice in the final goal of assessing the level of repeatability. The scenario is an oil pool fire in an enclosure mechanically ventilated and during which a water spray system is activated. The analysis consists in identifying a set of variables on which metrics is applied in order to quantify the levels of discrepancy between the two tests. A set of 27 variables are selected such as they characterize the whole fire scenario (the fire source, the gas phase, walls, the ventilation network, and the water spray system). The analysis points out that the repeatability levels are different depending on the type of variable. The gas temperature or species concentrations are more repeatable than gas pressure or air flow rate. In addition, a new methodology is proposed in comparing, for each physical variable, the variations due to repeatability (ie, the precision) and the uncertainty. A new metric is proposed helping modelers in code validation process.
Supporting the development of CCUS in the UK
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the summer break it can be useful to know what is on the ‘post holiday’ agenda so that one can move into the final part of the year with a sense of purpose. A report from the UK Government, published in the summer, makes it clear that if the UK is to play a role where carbon capture is concerned then there really is no time to waste. Deployment of capacity is at a now or never stage. GHGS&T's Muriel Cozier looks at the main findings from the report and summarises reaction. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mashhad komatiitic rocks in NE Iran: Origin and implications for the evolution of the Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean
Authors: Li Xingbo , Miao Laicheng , Zhang Fochin , Ghasemi Habibollah , Zhu Shuaiming , Yang Shunhu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMashhad ultramafic volcanic rocks, located within the Paleo‐Tethys suture zone in the north‐eastern Iran, are composed mainly of komatiitic rocks with interbedded picrobasalts. The Mashhad komatiitic rocks are characterized by low Al2O3/TiO2 ratios (9.85–11.44) and depleted HREE patterns with slightly high (Gd/Yb)N ratios (1.48–1.74), similar to those of the Al‐depleted Barberton‐type komatiites. These rocks have ƐNd (t) values ranging from +9.0 to +10.4 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.7039 to 0.7072, indicating they were derived from a depleted mantle source. They have a total 187Re/188Os and 187Os/188Os ratios ranging from 0.278 to 72.254 and from 0.12741 to 0.14012, respectively, and display consistent PGE patterns similar to that of the primitive mantle. The picrobasalts have high contents of SiO2 (45.08–48.87 wt.%), MgO (7.28–11.51 wt.%), nearly flat REE pattern, and ƐNd (t) values ranging from +6.5 to +7.9 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios focused on 0.7040 and 0.7070, illustrating that they were derived from a relatively enriched source compared with the komatiitic rocks. The thermobarometric calculations suggest that the Mashhad komatiitic rocks were generated by high degree partial melting between 20% and 30% at 1,604–1,681°C and 3.20–4.65 Gpa, essentially consistent with those of the Hawaiian mantle plume (1,500–1,600°C). These new data demonstrate that the Mashhad komatiitic rocks are of a mantle plume origin, which might have caused the opening of the Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean, and the mantle plume was likely located beneath or nearby the mid‐ridge of the Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean when the Mashhad komatiitic lava erupted, a scenario resembling the present Iceland and Ontong Java.
Sedimentary record of the collision of theNorth and South China cratons: New insights from theWestern Hubei Trough
Authors: Zheng Binsong , Mou Chuanlong , Wang Xiuping , Xiao Zhaohui , Chen Yao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCollision of the South and North China cratons was an important event in eastern Asia and contributed to the formation of the Central Orogenic Belt in China. While the timing of collision has been documented to the west (at the West Qinling Belt) and east (at the Dabie Mountains), little is known regarding the timing of collision in the middle sector of the collision zone. We present field, sedimentological, mineralogical, and geochemical data from the Late Permian Dalong Formation and Early Triassic Daye Formation (lower part) in the Western Hubei Trough which is located in the northern South China Craton. Based on sedimentary facies, SEM, and XRD data, we suggest that the Dalong Formation, which is mainly composed of chert and carbonaceous mudstone, was deposited in a deep shelf, and the lower part of the Daye Formation, which is mainly composed of mudstone and carbonate rocks, was deposited in a shallow shelf. Geochemical data imply that the source of the mudstone in these formations was the Qinling active continental margin of the North China Craton. These data support a scenario that the South and North China cratons may have collided by the end of the Late Wuchiapingian of Late Permian time at the southern margin of the East Qinling Belt. The collision event may have led to the formation of the Western Hubei Trough.
Conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy of the lower–middle Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician), Cerro Viejo of Huaco, Argentine Precordillera
Authors: Mango Matías J. , Ortega Gladys , Albanesi Guillermo L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe distribution of conodonts and graptolites from the upper 13 m of the San Juan Formation and the first metre of the lower member of the Los Azules Formation, Los Gatos and Amarilla creeks, Cerro Viejo of Huaco, Central Precordillera from San Juan, Argentina, is studied. The conodonts from the top stratum of the San Juan Formation at the Los Gatos creek section correspond to the Lenodus variabilis Zone, whereas at the Amarilla creek section, they represent the Yangtzeplacognathus crassus Zone, verifying the diachronous top surface of the San Juan Formation. In the lower member of the Los Azules Formation, 81 conodont elements are recorded from bedding plane surfaces, where the presence of Paroistodus horridus horridus (Barnes & Poplawski) allows to recognize the Y. crassus Zone. On the basis of the graptolite and conodont association, we estimate that the top of the San Juan Formation at Los Gatos creek corresponds to the Levisograptus dentatus Zone, L. dentatus Subzone, whereas at the Amarilla creek, the Arienigraptus angulatus Subzone of the same zone is represented. The presence of the graptolite A. angulatus (Mu) in the lower member of the Los Azules Formation in both sections indicates the L. dentatus Zone (A. angulatus Subzone). The records of graptolites in limestones of the San Juan Formation and of abundant conodonts on bedding plane surfaces of the lower member of the Los Azules Formation are important, taking into account the type of facies where they occur. The conodont records in the referred type of preservation are scarce in the Ordovician, which allows for a more precise biostratigraphic correlation between conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy.
Control of Altyn Tagh Fault on the Jurassic shale gas in Western Qaidam Basin, north‐west China
Authors: Guo Tianxu , Ren Shoumai , Liu Yongjiang , Wang Shengjian , Zhou Zhi , Chen Xianglin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe shale of the Middle Jurassic Dameigou Formation in Western Qaidam Basin was developed with large thickness, high organic carbon content, and moderate thermal maturity, which means that it has the basic geological conditions for shale gas generation and accumulation are favourable. According to the comprehensive analysis, the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) did not uplift in the early–middle Jurassic period, and the Middle Jurassic stable lacustrine sedimentary strata were not affected by the strike‐slip fault, which provided abundant material basis for shale gas generation. Due to the effect of later ATF left‐lateral strike‐slip activity, and the North–South tectonic extrusion movement, the abnormal overpressure derived from Dameigou Formation was formed, which can provide good preservation conditions for shale gas. The interaction between ATF activity and shale deposition jointly controlled the formation and preservation of shale gas in Western Qaidam Basin.
Agricultural Irrigation Pricing: Review of Theories and Practices
Authors: Al‐Rubaye Shayma 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWater pricing and substitution of the costs of irrigation investment operation and maintenance have been controversial issues for a long time. The small charges for irrigation water are addressed, and additionally, the low level of farmers who pay the costs. In a few schemes, expense accumulation rates are close to zero, notwithstanding when water charges are well beneath the cost of operation and maintenance. Water prices are charged to farmers for two essential objectives. The first is to cover the operation and maintenance estimation with the goal that the investment is fiscally practical. Much of the time, costs will likewise need to incorporate a price for the cost of capital required to develop the scheme. This charge for capital is fundamental for future irrigation system investment. The second reason involves estimation to help farmers utilize less water per unit of yield or to deliver more prominent net economic returns per unit of water, or both.This paper summarizes irrigation water pricing methodologies and the related academic literature. Three water pricing methods are presented: volumetric, non‐volumetric and water market. For each methodology, potential impacts on water usage are postulated and supported by a summary of the academic literature. In addition, a summarized case study of irrigation water‐pricing practices and effects in Iraq is presented. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital enhancement of dental enamel microstructure images from intact teeth
Authors: Arrieta Zulieth López , Fogalli Giovani Bressan , Line Sergio Roberto Peres 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDental enamel is formed by rod‐like structures, the enamel prisms. Groups of prisms are packed together in successive horizontal layers of alternating directions, known as Hunter‐Schreger bands (HSBs). HSBs are the major microstructural characteristic of mammalian enamel. The pattern of HSBs can vary among mammalian species and this variability may provide relevant information regarding the species life history and taxon identification. In human HSBs can be used as a biometric‐based parameter for personal identification in automated systems. The analysis of HSBs has been hampered by technical difficulties. The low contrast between light and dark bands and variations in light intensity may hinder the observation of HSBs in digital images. This article describes a simple and efficient computational procedure that greatly enhances the contrast and minimizes the differences in the intensity of illumination in HSBs images. Its use can significantly increase the quality and the number of HSBs that can be recorded in intact teeth.
The Ramsey number of loose cycles versus cliques
Authors: Méroueh Arès 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLet be the Ramsey number of an ‐uniform loose cycle of length versus an ‐uniform clique of order . Kostochka et al. showed that for each fixed , the order of magnitude of is up to a polylogarithmic factor in . They conjectured that for each we have . We prove that , and more generally for every that . We also prove that for every and , if is odd, which improves upon the result of Collier‐Cartaino et al. who proved that for every and we have .
Copulatory mechanism and functional morphology of genitalia and anal horn of the scorpionfly Cerapanorpa dubia (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Authors: Tong Xin , Zhong Wen , Hua Bao‐Zhen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe scorpionfly genus Cerapanorpa is characterized by the male possessing a single finger‐like anal horn on the posterior portion of tergite VI. However, the functional morphology of this anal horn and the genitalia have not been studied to date. Herein, we investigated the functional morphology of the genitalia and the nongenital structures of the scorpionfly Cerapanorpa dubia by observing the mating process and dissecting the freeze‐fixated pairs in copula to reveal the copulatory mechanism. The male C. dubia provides a solid salivary mass to the female as a nuptial gift prior to copulation. When the female starts to feed on the gift, the male uses his notal organ and complex genital structures to control the closest wing and genitalia of the female to establish a V‐shaped mating position. In the maintenance phase of copulation, the male uses his anal horn in cooperation with the basally‐constricted abdominal segment VII to clamp female abdominal segment VIII. The male hypovalves grasp female cerci, and move up and down rhythmically. The paired parameres clasp both sides of female tergite IX. The basal processes on male gonostyli grip the pleural membranes of the female genital chamber. In the sperm transfer phase, the male aedeagus directly couples with the female medigynium to transmit sperm by connecting his phallotreme to the female's copulatory pore. The evolution of the male complex grasping structures in Panorpidae is also briefly discussed.
w‐Type ions formed by electron transfer dissociation of Cys‐containing peptides investigated by infrared ion spectroscopy
Authors: Kempkes Lisanne J. M. , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn mass spectrometry‐based peptide sequencing, electron transfer dissociation (ETD) and electron capture dissociation (ECD) have become well‐established fragmentation methods complementary to collision‐induced dissociation. The dominant fragmentation pathways during ETD and ECD primarily involve the formation of c‐ and z•‐type ions by cleavage of the peptide backbone at the N─Cα bond, although neutral losses from amino acid side chains have also been observed. Residue‐specific neutral side chain losses provide useful information when conducting database searching and de novo sequencing. Here, we use a combination of infrared ion spectroscopy and quantum‐chemical calculations to assign the structures of two ETD‐generated w‐type fragment ions. These ions are spontaneously formed from ETD‐generated z•‐type fragments by neutral loss of 33 Da in peptides containing a cysteine residue. Analysis of the infrared ion spectra confirms that these z•‐ions expel a thiol radical (SH•) and that a vinyl C═C group is formed at the cleavage site. z•‐type fragments containing a Cys residue but not at the cleavage site do not spontaneously expel a thiol radical, but only upon additional collisional activation after ETD.
Prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HPV infections in women with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Mingxia , Du Xinxin , Lu Menghan , Zhang Weiyi , Sun Zhihui , Li Lian , Ye Mingxia , Fan Wensheng , Jiang Shufang , Liu Aijun , Wang Min , Meng Yuanguang , Li Yali 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe assessed the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infections. A total of 1783 women who underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy for abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test and/or HR‐HPV subtype genotyping results were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 770 were diagnosed with cervicitis, 395 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 542 with CIN2‐3, and 76 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with HR‐HPV infection rates of 75.8%, 85.8%, 95.9%, and 88.4%, respectively. The prevalence of total and multiple HR‐HPV infections exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak at ≤25 years, a decline with age and a second peak at ≥55 years, whereas single HR‐HPV infections exhibited one peak from 35 to 44 years. The four most dominant HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (29.5%), 52 (15.0%), 58 (14.2%), and 18 (10.4%). In total, 67.0%, 70.4%, and 82.1% of patients with CIN1, CIN2‐3, and SCC, respectively, had a single HR‐HPV infection, which increased significantly with the aggravation of the cervical lesion grade (P = 0.045). Patients with a single HPV 16 infection had higher incidences of CIN2+ (62.2%) than those with multiple HPV 16 infections (52.4%) (P = 0.021). Patients coinfected with HPV 16 had higher CIN2+ incidence than those with single HPV 52, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, or 59 infections (P < 0.001). This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HR‐HPV infections in women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in Beijing.
Social behavioral correlates of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus infection among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Yuan Huangbo , Liu Zhenqiu , Wu Xuefu , Fang Qiwen , Zheng Jun , Zeng Yan , Zhang Tiejun 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundKaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic in Xinjiang, China and its prevalence varies considerably across ethnic groups. The current study explored the prevalence and correlates of KSHV infection among Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, including 282 Han ethnicity and 312 Uygur, was conducted in Xinjiang, China. All participants underwent face to face questionnaire interview. Plasma samples were collected and screened for KSHV infection using immunofluorescence assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the correlates of KSHV seropositivity.ResultsThe KSHV seroprevalence was 41.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.6‐45.6) overall and was higher in the Uygur group (59.9%; 95% CI, 54.3‐65.4) than the Han group (21.3%; 95% CI, 16.6‐26.5). A significant difference in the geometric mean titer (GMT) of the KSHV antibodies was detected between the Uygur and Han groups (158.2; interquartile range [IQR], 80‐320 vs 89.1; IQR, 40‐160; P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, Uygur ethnicity (odds ratios [OR], 5.96; 95% CI, 4.05‐8.90), age greater than or equal to 50 years (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.24‐2.77), and preference for meat diet (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.05‐4.46) were significantly associated with increased odds of KSHV seropositivity.ConclusionThe study demonstrated high prevalence and correlates of KSHV infection in both Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang, China. There is an urgent need for programmatic adaptation to address primary prevention interventions of KSHV infection in this endemic region.
Monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol production by hydrolysis of refined vegetable oil by‐products using an immobilized lipase from Serratia sp. W3
Authors: Zarai Zied , Edahech Ahlem , Rigano Francesca , Micalizzi Giuseppe , Mondello Luigi , Kharrat Nadia , Sellami Mohamed , Cacciola Francesco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnlike the synthetic surfactants, mono‐ and diacylglycerols have the advantage to be biodegradable and non‐toxic. In the present work, the hydrolysis of lipid fraction by‐products of refined vegetable oils was performed by Serratia sp. W3 lipase immobilized on CaCO3 by combined adsorption and precipitation. This support was selected out of four carriers as it exhibited the finest activity support (950 U/g) and the most satisfactory behavior at use. The immobilized preparation with CaCO3 was stable and active in the whole range of pH (4 to 9) and temperature (37 to 55°C), yielding a 75% degree of hydrolysis at optimal environmental conditions of pH 8.5 and temperature 55°C. Thin‐layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography methods were evaluated to determine the analytical characterization of hydrolysis products. For monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerol fractions identified in the samples, a novel approach by liquid chromatography method was employed, through a homemade linear retention index database and a dedicated software. The adopted approach allowed the use of basic instrumentation set‐ups, without the need of sophisticated detectors, such as mass spectrometers. Thus, it could be an effective alternative to produce emulsifiers from cheap vegetable oils.
Monolithic thin‐layer chromatography plates with covalently bonded matrix for hyphenation with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Kucherenko Elizaveta , Kanateva Anastasiia , Kurganov Alexander , Borisov Roman , Pirogov Andrey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonolithic layers prepared by the copolymerization of ethylene dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate and deposited onto the surface of glass and silicon plates were investigated as thin‐layer chromatography separation media in hyphenated thin‐layer chromatography with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. Varying composition of the polymerization mixture and polymerization conditions layers of different porosities and MALDI‐MS compatibility were synthesized. Compatibility with MALDI‐MS was tested using polyethylene glycol and it was demonstrated that layers prepared without glycidyl methacrylate are not compatible with MALDI‐MS and do not allow obtaining any mass spectra. Best results were achieved with layers containing 19 to 29% glycidyl methacrylate. These layers allow the measurement of mass spectra without additional depositing matrix compounds supplying mass spectra almost “clean” in low molar mass range.