bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Union suppression and union substitution strategies of multinational enterprises in Ghana
Authors: Ayentimi Desmond Tutu , Burgess John , Dayaram Kantha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article complements the literature by furthering the understanding of an ‘African dimension’ of multinational enterprise (MNE) union avoidance. The evidence suggests that MNEs engaged in both union suppression and union substitution strategies by (i) exploiting young employees' apathy to promote opposition and indifference for union organisation (evil stuff), (ii) implementing union member‐centred employee retrenchment (fear stuff), (iii) using enterprise‐level collective bargaining arrangement to suppress union bargaining power (fear and fatal stuff), (iv) exploiting the fragmented labour union environment to suppress union organisation (fatal and evil stuff) and (v) promoting individual employee voice and involvement mechanisms (sweet stuff). Although MNEs in Ghana engaged in both union suppression and union substitution strategies, they appear to particularly favour the adoption of ‘union suppression’ strategies and what might be termed as ‘corridor tactics’. Our article highlights four transitional issues underpinning the emerging success of ‘corridor tactics’ in union suppression in a less developed host country.
Union organising and Full‐time Officers: acquiescence and resistance
Authors: Looker Gerry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the mid‐1990s, the TUC relaunched itself with a strategy for renewal labelled ‘new unionism’. The strategy had two strands: partnership with employers and the promotion among affiliate unions of grassroots union organising. The latter, heavily influenced by US and Australian experience, saw possibilities for a more radical trade unionism in the UK. This article draws on a case study of Unison to analyse the organising strand of new unionism. It identifies how top‐down approaches to organising are distorted by union bureaucracy for the priority of recruitment, not only limiting the possibility of emerging union radicalisation but also restricting the ability of trade unions to represent their members. The article also identifies that the position of union Full‐time Officers is complex and not necessarily within a uniform union bureaucracy juxtaposed to and restraining a more radical union rank and file.
Understanding context: A concept analysis
Authors: Squires Janet E. , Graham Ian , Bashir Kainat , Nadalin‐Penno Letitia , Lavis John , Francis Jill , Curran Janet , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Brehaut Jamie , Ivers Noah , Michie Susan , Hillmer Michael , Noseworthy Thomas , Vine Jocelyn , Demery Varin Melissa , Aloisio Laura D. , Coughlin Mary , Hutchinson Alison M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo conduct a concept analysis of clinical practice contexts (work environments) in health care.BackgroundContext is increasingly recognized as important to the development, delivery, and understanding of implementation strategies; however, conceptual clarity about what comprises context is lacking.DesignModified Walker and Avant concept analysis comprised of five steps: (1) concept selection; (2) determination of aims; (3) identification of uses of context; (4) determination of its defining attributes; and (5) definition of its empirical referents.MethodsA wide range of databases were systematically searched from inception to August 2014. Empirical articles were included if a definition and/or attributes of context were reported. Theoretical articles were included if they reported a model, theory, or framework of context or where context was a component. Double independent screening and data extraction were conducted. Analysis was iterative, involving organizing and reorganizing until a framework of domains, attributes. and features of context emerged.ResultWe identified 15,972 references, of which 70 satisfied our inclusion criteria. In total, 201 unique features of context were identified, of these 89 were shared (reported in two or more studies). The 89 shared features were grouped into 21 attributes of context which were further categorized into six domains of context.ConclusionThis study resulted in a framework of domains, attributes and features of context. These attributes and features, if assessed and used to tailor implementation activities, hold promise for improved research implementation in clinical practice.
Psychological interventions in reducing stress, depression and anxiety among parents of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sohmaran Chithrra , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing stress, depression and anxiety among parents of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities.DesignA systematic review and a meta‐analysis.Data sourcesSeven electronic databases (CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus) were searched from each database's point of inception to December 2018.Review methodsQuality appraisal was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data were analysed using Review Manager 5.3. The overall quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included in this review. Eleven studies were involved in a meta‐analysis and the remaining seven studies were summarized narratively. The meta‐analysis found that psychological interventions significantly reduced parental stress at postintervention but not at 3–6 months’ postintervention. Inconclusive evidence was found for the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing parental depression and anxiety.ConclusionPsychological interventions appeared to reduce parental stress temporarily. Healthcare professionals can offer varied psychological interventions for parents to choose from. Policymakers can ease accessibility and affordability for parents to attend interventions.ImpactPsychological interventions were found to have short‐term effects in reducing parental stress. Inconclusive evidence was found for the effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing parental depression and anxiety. Healthcare professionals should ensure that knowledge is transmitted to parents when delivering their interventions. Policymakers worldwide should ensure that parents of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities can attend interventions by making them accessible and affordable.
Effect of ablation at high‐dominant frequency sites overlapping with low‐voltage areas after pulmonary vein isolation of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kumagai Koji , Minami Kentaro , Sugai Yoshinao , Sumiyoshi Takenori , Komaru Tatsuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between high‐dominant frequency (DF) sites and low‐voltage areas (LVAs) in nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) patients still remains unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of ablation at high‐DF sites overlapping with LVAs after pulmonary vein ablation (PVI) of nonparoxysmal AF.MethodsA total of 128 consecutive nonparoxysmal patients with atrial fibrillation (53 persistent AF) were retrospectively investigated. The patients with AF were divided into two groups: patients with circumferential PVI alone (PVI group, n = 57) and those with PVI followed by a DF‐based ablation (DF group, n = 71).ResultsThe patient characteristics did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, the LVA ( < 0.5 mV)/left atrial (LA) surface was significantly greater in the DF than the PVI group (22% vs 16%, P = .02). The total max‐DF sites overlapping with LVAs in the LA were significantly greater in the DF than the PVI group (91% vs 10%, P = .001). The atrial arrhythmia freedom on antiarrhythmic drugs in the DF group was significantly greater than that in the PVI group during 10.0 ± 3.2 months of follow‐up (83.1% vs 64.9%, log‐rank test P = .021). The event‐free survival in the PVI group decreased according to the LVA extent while it was > 80% in the DF group. The event‐free survival in patients with AF especially with extensive LVAs ( ≥ 30%) in the DF group was significantly greater than that in the PVI group (81.0% vs 45.5%, log‐rank test P = .035).ConclusionsHigh‐DF sites overlapping with LVAs after the PVI may be potential selective targets for modification of atrial substrates in nonparoxysmal AF patients.
‘There Are Voices in Every Direction’: Organizational Decoupling in Frontex*
Authors: Perkowski Nina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article analyses Frontex through the lens of organizational sociology, challenging conventional accounts of the agency as a coherent, rational actor. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, it argues that Frontex can more appropriately be understood as a fragmented and only loosely coupled organization, with discrepancies existing between different units, languages and structures, and between those implementing Frontex operations on the ground, staff in the headquarters, and the management board. The article shows that, faced with contradictory demands, Frontex seeks to maintain support from its environment and to preserve legitimacy among its key stakeholders; in particular the European Parliament, the Commission and different member states. The loose coupling of the agency allows for the coexistence of different rationalities across different aspects of Frontex's work, catering to diverse stakeholders while also minimizing open conflict within the organization.
Moving beyond randomized controlled trials in the evaluation of compulsory community treatment
Authors: Duncan Craig , Weich Scott , Moon Graham , Twigg Liz , Fenton Sarah‐Jane , Bhui Kamaldeep , Canaway Alastair , Crepaz‐Keay David , Keown Patrick , Madan Jason , McBride Orla , Parsons Helen , Singh Swaran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompulsory community treatment for people with severe mental illness remains controversial due to conflicting research evidence. Recently, there have been challenges to the conventional view that trial‐based evidence should take precedence. This paper adds to these challenges in three ways. First, it emphasizes the need for critiques of trials to engage with conceptual and not just technical issues. Second, it develops a critique of trials centred on both how we can have knowledge and what it is we can have knowledge of. Third, it uses this critique to develop a research strategy that capitalizes on the information in large‐scale datasets.
Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase polymorphisms are predictors of anemia in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C during therapy with ribavirin and interferon
Authors: Chi Xiumei , Wang Moli , Pan Yu , Jiang Jing , Jiang Tao , Yan Hongqing , Wu Ruihong , Wang Xiaomei , Gao Xiuzhu , Niu Junqi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPolymorphisms of inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (rs1127354 and rs6051702) and interferon lambda 4 (IFLN4) (rs12979860) are indicators of anemia and/or sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C on ribavirin/interferon. The study aims to investigate the associations of rs1127354, rs6051702, and rs12979860 with hemoglobin levels and SVR in patients on ribavirin/interferon.MethodsPolymorphisms were detected by pyrosequencing. Levels of hemoglobin and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA were measured at weeks 2, 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 of treatment.ResultsA total of 351 patients (median age, 50 years; male, 71.2%) were recruited and had HCV genotypes 1b (55.8%) or 2a (37.0%). Vedian baseline hemoglobin and HCV RNA were 155 g/dL and 6.07 log10 IU/mL. Major allele homozygosity was observed in 76.3% for rs1127354 (CC), 70.9% for rs6051702 (AA), and 89.7% for rs12979860 (CC). At 4 weeks of ribavirin/interferon treatment, a more significant reduction in hemoglobin was observed with rs112754 CC than with AC/AA (P < 0.05). A decline ≥3 g/dL was more common in patients with the rs112754 CC than with the other two polymorphisms. No significant change was observed regarding rs6051702 and rs12979860 variants. In the multivariable analysis, rs1127354 AA/AC (vs CC) were independently associated with lower odds of hemoglobin decline of > 3 g/dL at 4 weeks (odds ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09–0.46; P < 0.0001). In 258 patients with 72‐week outcome data available, rs1127354, rs6051702, and rs12979860 were not associated with SVR (all P > 0.05).Conclusionrs1127354 polymorphisms are associated with hemoglobin levels in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with ribavirin/interferon.
The impact of empathy on work engagement in hemodialysis nurses: The mediating role of resilience
Authors: Cao Xiaoyi , Chen Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the reciprocal associations between empathy, resilience and work engagement, and to explore the mediating effect of resilience on the empathy and work engagement relationship among hemodialysis nurses in China.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional quantitative study. A convenience sampling was used to investigate 582 hemodialysis nurses in Chengdu, China. Structural equation modeling technique was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of resilience on the association between empathy and work engagement.ResultsEmpathy and resilience were direct, positive and significant predictors for work engagement. Empathy also had a direct, positive and significant predictive effect on resilience. Empathy indirectly and significantly affected work engagement via the partial mediating effect of resilience.ConclusionHigher empathic ability may lead to greater work engagement by enhancing resilience. Attention should be paid to the development of empathic capacity and resilience to foster work engagement in hemodialysis nurses.
Activation of GSK3β induced by recall of cocaine reward memories is dependent on GluN2A/B NMDA receptor signaling
Authors: Shi Xiangdang , von Weltin Eva , Barr Jeffrey L. , Unterwald Ellen M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) is a critical regulator of the balance between long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation which is essential for learning and memory. Our previous study demonstrated that GSK3β activity is highly induced during cocaine memory reactivation, and that reconsolidation of cocaine reward memory is attenuated by inhibition of GSK3β. NMDA receptors and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) are activators of GSK3β. Thus, this study investigated the roles of NMDA receptor subtypes and PP1in the reconsolidation of cocaine contextual reward memory. Cocaine contextual memories were established and evaluated using cocaine conditioned place preference methods. The regulation of GSK3β activity in specific brain areas was assessed by measuring its phosphorylation state using immunoblot assays. Mice underwent cocaine place conditioning for 8 days and were tested for place preference on day 9. Twenty‐four hours later, mice were briefly confined to the compartment previous paired with cocaine to reactivate cocaine‐associated memories. Administration of the GluN2A‐ and GluN2B‐NMDA receptor antagonists, NVP‐AAM077 and ifenprodil, respectively, immediately following recall abrogated an established cocaine place preference, while preventing the activation of GSK3β in the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus during cocaine memory reactivation. PP1 inhibition with okadaic acid also blocked the activation of GSK3β and attenuated a previously established cocaine place preference. These findings suggest that the dephosphorylation of GSK3β that occurred upon activation of cocaine‐associated reward memories may be initiated by the activation of PP1 during the induction of NMDA receptor‐dependent reconsolidation of cocaine mnemonic traces. Moreover, the importance of NMDA receptors and PP1 in reconsolidation of cocaine memory makes them potential therapeutic targets in treatment of cocaine use disorder and prevention of relapse.
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Students Seeking Mental Health Services at School‐Based Health Centers: Characteristics and Utilization Patterns
Authors: Stempel Hilary , Cox‐Martin Matthew G. , O'Leary Sonja , Stein Rachel , Allison Mandy A 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHC) can address unmet mental health needs. Little is known about how students seek care from different providers at SBHCs. We describe and compare how students' SBHC visits differ for students seen by mental health providers (MH group) relative to students seen only by primary care providers (PC group).METHODSUsing administrative data with ICD‐9 codes from 9 SBHCs in Denver, Colorado serving youth 10‐19 years old during the 2014‐2015 school year, we analyzed predictors of SBHC clinic visits via negative binomial regression and ICD‐9 codes for first visit to MH providers.RESULTSMental health users (N = 516) had an average of 14.2 ± 12.9 SBHC visits and PC users (N = 4026) had an average of 2.6 ± 2.4 SBHC visits annually. Students in the MH group, those with public insurance, and females had a higher incidence rate ratio for SBHC clinic visits than PC group students, those with private insurance, and males respectively. Depression was the most common primary diagnosis for the first MH visit.CONCLUSIONSStudents accessing MH services at SBHC return for follow up visits at higher rates than students only seeing PC providers. SBHCs represent a valuable opportunity to enhance integrated mental health services.
Effects of light and temperature on the growth of Takayama helix (Dinophyceae): mixotrophy as a survival strategy against photoinhibition
Authors: Ok Jin Hee , Jeong Hae Jin , Lim An Suk , You Ji Hyun , Kang Hee Chang , Kim So Jin , Lee Sung Yeon 
Published: July 2019

Takayama helix is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that can feed on diverse algal prey. We explored the effects of light intensity and water temperature, two important physical factors, on its autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates when fed on Alexandrium minutum CCMP1888. Both the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates and ingestion rates of T. helix on A. minutum were significantly affected by photon flux density. Positive growth rates of T. helix at 6–58 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1 were observed in both the autotrophic (maximum rate = 0.2 · d−1) and mixotrophic modes (0.4 · d−1). Of course, it did not grow both autotrophically and mixotrophically in complete darkness. At ≥247 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1, the autotrophic growth rates were negative (i.e., photoinhibition), but mixotrophy turned these negative rates to positive. Both autotrophic and mixotrophic growth and ingestion rates were significantly affected by water temperature. Under both autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, it grew at 15–28°C, but not at ≤10 or 30°C. Therefore, both light intensity and temperature are critical factors affecting the survival and growth of T. helix.
Community violence concerns and adolescent sleep: Physiological regulation and race as moderators
Authors: Philbrook Lauren E. , Buckhalt Joseph A. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrior work has demonstrated that greater community violence concerns are associated with poor sleep quality among adolescents. However, these effects may not be uniform across all youth. The present study examined the role of individual difference variables, physiological regulation and race, as moderators of risk in the relation between adolescents’ community violence concerns and their sleep. Adolescents (N = 219; 55.3% female; 69.9% White/European American, 30.1% Black/African American) participated in the study when they were 18 years old (M = 17.7 years, SD = 1.0). Physiological regulation was assessed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a measure of parasympathetic regulation, at rest and in response to a stressor. Adolescents wore actigraphs for 7 nights to assess their sleep duration and quality, and reported on their community violence concerns via a well‐validated questionnaire. Results demonstrated a consistent pattern of interactions, such that African American adolescents who showed less adaptive patterns of regulating physiological arousal experienced shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in the context of greater community violence concerns. Community violence concerns were not associated with sleep for White adolescents. The findings may suggest that race‐related stressors exacerbate risk for poor sleep among African American adolescents who experience more community violence concerns and have more difficulty regulating physiological arousal. Coping strategies for managing stress and arousal may be helpful for improving sleep for some youth.
The Butterfly Schema in the Classical Instrumental Style: A Product of the Tendency for Congruence
Authors: RAWBONE TREVOR , JAN STEVEN 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article integrates theories that explain musical schemata as psychological and statistical associations of features with those that define schemata as collections of cognitively generated archetypes. It is proposed that styles contain a spectrum of features but tend towards congruence. This propensity is thought to originate in cognition and becomes manifest in and between the features of styles. A localised structure, termed thebutterfly schema, is argued to be in part a product of the tendency for congruence which is incorporated into the Classical instrumental style. An analysis of the styles and schemata of the Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods explicates their distinct forms of congruent structuring. A survey of European instrumental music of circa 1750–1850 compares the quantity and type of butterfly schemata in samples from the first half of this time period with those from the second. It is found that butterfly schemata with highly congruent features are more common in the earlier, Classical‐period samples, suggesting that they are a product of the tendency for congruence in the particular form defined.
The challenge of invasive mosquito vectors in the U.K. during 2016–2018: a summary of the surveillance and control of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Vaux A. G. C. , Dallimore T. , CULL B. , Schaffner F. , Strode C. , Pflüger V. , Murchie A. K. , Rea I. , Newham Z. , Mcginley L. , Catton M. , Gillingham E. L. , Medlock J. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMosquito‐borne diseases resulting from the expansion of two key vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), continue to challenge whole regions and continents around the globe. In recent years there have been human cases of disease associated with Chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses. In Europe, the expansion of Ae. albopictus has resulted in local transmission of Chikungunya and dengue viruses. This paper considers the risk that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus represent for the U.K. and details the results of mosquito surveillance activities. Surveillance was conducted at 34 points of entry, 12 sites serving vehicular traffic and two sites of used tyre importers. The most common native mosquito recorded was Culex pipiens s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae). The invasive mosquito Ae. albopictus was detected on three occasions in southern England (September 2016, July 2017 and July 2018) and subsequent control strategies were conducted. These latest surveillance results demonstrate ongoing incursions of Ae. albopictus into the U.K. via ground vehicular traffic, which can be expected to continue and increase as populations in nearby countries expand, particularly in France, which is the main source of ex‐continental traffic.