bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation Indices associated with sustaining a minimal trauma fracture within 12 months of a stroke in Western Australia
Authors: David Shivlal M. , Chan Kien , Inderjeeth Charles , Raymond Warren D. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo identify Rehabilitation Indices associated with a minimal trauma fracture (MTF) within 12 months poststroke.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Stroke survivors with MTF were matched 5:1 with stroke survivors without MTF. Logistic regression determined whether Rehabilitation Indices, such as Physiotherapy Ambulation score (PhysioAmb), were associated with a MTF within 12 months poststroke.ResultsForty‐three stroke survivors (mean age: 79.8; 55.81% female) experienced a MTF (median time to MTF of 1.79 years [IQR 0.70, 4.48]). Those with a MTF within 12 months had lower PhysioAmb (4.53 vs 8.29) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS; 12.25 vs 40.57) scores on admission, lower BBS score on discharge (30.33 vs 49.29) and a greater change in PhysioAmb (+5.67 vs +3.24) and BBS scores (+21.50 vs +8.71) after rehabilitation, all P < 0.05. Greater changes in PhysioAmb score increased the odds of a MTF within 12 months by 18%.ConclusionRehabilitation Indices are associated with a MTF within 12 months poststroke.
Meals on Wheels: Who's referring and what's on the menu?
Authors: Charlton Karen E , Tjong Melissa , North Joanne , Walton Karen 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo describe referral source, meal ordering patterns and the nutrient composition of meals from a regional Meals on Wheels (MOW) service.MethodsReferral sources were obtained via retrospective chart audit and compared for 2008 and 2012. Nutrient content of the three most common meal combinations was compared against MOW recommendations of one‐third daily energy and one‐half daily protein requirements.ResultsThere was a decline in overall uptake and referrals from hospitals. The “main meal” alone was the most popular meal choice, but did not meet energy requirements for men or women, nor protein requirements for men. The combination of a soup, main and dessert met the MOW recommendations for women only.ConclusionsInvestigation into how older people access MOW services is required. Innovative strategies are required to increase the nutrient content of meals, within the context of meal ordering preferences of consumers.
The involvement of the progesterone receptor in PIBF and Gal‐1 expression in the mouse endometrium
Authors: Mulac‐Jeričević Biserka , Šućurović Sandra , Gulic Tamara , Szekeres‐Bartho Julia 
Published: February 2019

ProblemThe progesterone‐regulated genes, PIBF and Gal‐1, are key players in the feto‐maternal immunological interaction. This study aims to investigate the expression of PIBF and Gal‐1 in WT and progesterone receptor KO models as well as subsequent effects of PIBF on decidualization of stromal cells.Method of the studyPRAKO, PRBKO and PRKO BALB/c mice were used for assessing the role of PR isoforms in PIBF induction. PIBF‐ and Gal‐1 mRNA expression in the uterus was tested by real‐time PCR. The effect of PIBF on decidualization of endometrial stromal cells was verified by anti‐desmin immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry was used for testing PIBF expression in the uterus. Gal‐1, ERα and PR positive decidual NK cells were detected by immunofluorescence.ResultsPIBF mRNA was significantly increased in progesterone‐treated WT mice, but not in PRKO and PRAKO mice. PIBF protein expression was reduced in the endometria of PRKO and PRAKO, but not in PRBKO mice. During a 6‐day culture, PIBF induced decidual transformation of endometrial stromal cells. PIBF expression in the mouse uterus was highest during the implantation window, while Gal‐1 mRNA expression continuously increased between day 2.5 and day 11.5 of gestation. Decidual NK cells express Gal‐1 and ERα, but not PR at day 7.5 murine pregnancy.ConclusionPIBF produced via engagement of PRA, is highly expressed in the endometrium during the implantation window, and plays a role in decidualization. The concerted action of PIBF and Gal‐1 might contribute to the low cytotoxic activity of decidual NK cells.
Changing trends of adverse pregnancy outcomes with maternal age in primipara with singleton birth: A join point analysis of a multicenter historical cohort study in China in 2011‐2012
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Xu Huangfang , Hu Rong , Xiong Yu , Gu Weirong , Zhou Qiongjie , Li Xiaotian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdverse pregnancy outcomes are related to two opposite maternal factors, youth and aging. However, the change in trend of specific outcomes with childbearing age is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the changing trend of various maternal and neonatal outcomes with maternal age from 17 to 44 years.Material and methodsData were extracted from the medical records from 2011‐2012 of 39 public hospitals of 14 cities in China. The eligibility criteria were primiparity and singleton birth. Join point regression analysis was used to estimate the percent change per year of age (PCA) to explore the trends of adverse pregnancy outcomes with regard to maternal age and to identify the join point of maternal age when the trend was changed.ResultsA total of 89 171 women were eligible for analysis. There were four categories of trend styles. Continuously increasing trends were linear for placenta previa (PCA, 0.1%), placenta implantation (PCA, 0.09%) and postpartum hemorrhage (PCA, 0.22%), and nonlinear for gestational diabetes mellitus with one join point of 23 years (PCA, 0.17% and 0.71%) and cesarean section with four join points of 25, 28, 31 and 36 years (PCA, 1.39%, 0.34%, 1.51%, 3.49% and 0.94%). Continuously decreasing trends were linear for intrahepatic cholestasis (PCA, −0.02%) and nonlinear for anemia with one join point of 28 years (PCA, −0.49% and −0.04%). The bidirective trends were downward to upward for preterm birth (PCA, −2.93%, −0.36% and 0.38%), hypertension in pregnancy (PCA, −0.09%, 0.47%), low birthweight (PCA 0.51% and 0.38%), low 1‐minute Apgar score (PCA, −0.28% and 0.07%), low 5‐minute Apgar score at (PCA, −0.10% and 0.06%) and neonatal intensive care unit admission (PCA, −1.92%, −0.07% and 0.12%) with a nadir age of 28 years. The bidirective trend was upward to downward for macrosomia (PCA, 0.39% and −0.11%), with a peak age of 30 years.ConclusionsThe changes in the trend of specific outcomes were different with maternal age, which means that youth, aging or both could affect the outcomes.
Aqueous semaphorin 3A level correlates with retinal macular oedema and ganglion cell degeneration in patients with retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Guo Shengxiang , Ren Jiawei , Li Zhengli , Fan Xiaojuan , Qin Li , Li Jingming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the semophorin 3A (SEMA3A) level in aqueous humor of patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and explore the correlation of SEMA3A with macular oedema and ganglion cell degeneration in RVO.MethodsThis comparative study prospectively included 41 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with RVO who had intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections from March 2014 to March 2015 for cystoid macular oedema (CME) or neovascular glaucoma (NVG). The patients were divided into three groups according to the fluorescein angiograghy (FFA): central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) group (n = 15), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) group (n = 15) and NVG group (secondary to CRVO, n = 11). The patients who had undergone cataract surgery (n = 16) during the same period served as controls. The SEMA3A concentration in aqueous humor collected before the initial anti‐VEGF injection was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Central retinal thickness (CRT), cube volume (CV) and ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer (GC‐IPL) thickness was analysed by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).ResultsSemaphorin 3A level in CRVO group (1.52 ± 1.23 ng/ml) and NVG group (1.67 ± 0.98 ng/ml) were significantly higher than the control group (0.66 ± 0.58 ng/ml; both p < 0.05). Moreover, SEMA3A level in CRVO group was higher than BRVO group (1.52 ± 1.23 ng/ml versus 0.53 ± 0.37 ng/ml; p < 0.05). SEMA3A level was positively correlated with CRT and CV in both BRVO group (CRTr = 0.6535, p = 0.0082; CVr = 0.5190, p = 0.0474) and CRVO group (CRTr = 0.6270, p = 0.0124; CVr = 0.6898, p = 0.0044). In RVO patients, the GC‐IPL thickness of affected eyes were significantly reduced compared with the normal follow eyes (CRVOt = 4.55, p = 0.006; BRVOt = 4.54, p = 0.004). Meanwhile, negative correlation of SEMA3A level with GC‐IPL thickness was found in both BRVO group (r = −0.5906, p = 0.0205) and CRVO group (r = −0.6100, p = 0.0157).ConclusionSemaphorin 3A level is increased in aqueous humor of RVO patients. Positive correlation of CRT as well as negative correlation of GC‐IPL thickness with SEMA3A may suggest a pathological role of SEMA3A in macular oedema and ganglion cell degeneration during RVO.
Tail myology and flight behaviour: Differences between caracaras, falcons and forest falcons (Aves, Falconiformes)
Authors: Mosto María Clelia , Picasso Mariana Beatriz Julieta , Montes Martín Miguel , Krone Oliver 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCaracaras, falcons and forest falcons, which are representative of the three subfamilies of the family Falconidae, have different flight behaviour. Since, during flight, the tail works in coordination with the wings, the tail muscles could be indicative of the type of flight behaviour. The aim of this work was to describe in detail the little‐known tail muscles of the Falconidae and to explore their possible association with this different behaviour, by using the muscle mass as an indicator. To this end, the tail muscles of 18 specimens representing the three subfamilies of Falconidae were dissected, weighed and their percentage to the body mass calculated. The possible differences in tail muscle mass between Falconinae and Polyborinae were explored with a Bayesian statistical approach. In all species, the muscles depressor caudae and levator caudae had the highest mass values (0.028%–0.329% and 0.120%–0.274%, respectively), in accordance with the key movements performed during flight, that is, the tail depression and elevation. The total muscle masses of Falconinae and those of Polyborinae were significantly different (p < 0.05). This difference can be related with the different flight behaviour of falcons and caracaras, that is, fast and erratic flight, respectively.
Adverse events associated with currently used medical treatments for cystinuria and treatment goals: results from a series of 442 patients in France
Authors: Prot‐Bertoye Caroline , Lebbah Saïd , Daudon Michel , Tostivint Isabelle , Jais Jean‐Philippe , Lillo‐Le Louët Agnés , Pontoizeau Clément , Cochat Pierre , Bataille Pierre , Bridoux Franck , Brignon Pierre , Choquenet Christian , Combe Christian , Conort Pierre , Decramer Stéphane , Doré Bertrand , Dussol Bertrand , Essig Marie , Frimat Marie , Gaunez Nicolas , Joly Dominique , Le Toquin‐Bernard Sophie , Méjean Arnaud , Meria Paul , Morin Denis , N'Guyen Hung V. , Normand Michel , Pietak Michel , Ronco Pierre , Saussine Christian , Tsimaratos Michel , Friedlander Gérard , Traxer Olivier , Knebelmann Bertrand , Courbebaisse Marie ,   the French Cystinuria Group
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate medical treatments, in terms of adverse events (AEs) and therapeutic goals, in a large series of patients with cystinuria.Patients and MethodsData from 442 patients with cystinuria were recorded retrospectively. Crystalluria was studied in 89 patients. A mixed‐effects logistic regression model was used to estimate how urine pH, specific gravity and cysteine‐binding thiols (CBT) correlate with risk of cystine crystalluria.ResultsAlkalizing agents and CBT agents were given to 88.8% (n = 381) and 55.3% (n = 238) of patients, respectively. Gastrointestinal AEs were reported in 12.3%, 10.4% and 2.6% of patients treated with potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate and sodium bicarbonate, respectively (P = 0.008). The percentages of patients who experienced at least one AE with tiopronin (24.6%) and with D‐penicillamine (29.5%) were similar (P = 0.45). Increasing urine pH and decreasing urine specific gravity significantly reduced the risk of cystine crystalluria, whereas D‐penicillamine and tiopronin treatments did not reduce this risk (odds ratio [OR] 1 for pH ≤6.5; OR 0.52 [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 0.28–0.95] for 7.0 <pH ≤7.5, P = 0.03; OR 0.26 [95% CI 0.13–0.53] for 7.5 < pH ≤8.0, P <0.001; OR 1 for specific gravity ≤1.005 OR 5.76 [95% CI 1.45–22.85] for 1.006 ≤ specific gravity ≤1.010, P = 0.01; and OR 11.06 [95% CI 2.76–44.26] for 1.011 ≤ specific gravity ≤ 1.014, P < 0.001). Increased urine pH significantly increased the risk of calcium phosphate crystalluria (OR 1 for pH≤ 6.5; OR 6.09 [95% CI 2.15–17.25] for pH >8.0, P <0.001).ConclusionAdverse events were frequent with D‐penicillamine and tiopronin. Alkaline hyperdiuresis was well tolerated and reduced cystine crystalluria. Urine specific gravity ≤1.005 and urine pH >7.5, while warning about calcium‐phosphate crystallization, should be the goals of medical therapy.
Novel molecular mechanisms in the inhibition of adrenal aldosterone synthesis: Action of tolvaptan via vasopressin V2 receptor‐independent pathway
Authors: Ali Yusuf , Dohi Kaoru , Okamoto Ryuji , Katayama Kan , Ito Masaaki 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeWe investigated the inhibitory effect and associated molecular mechanisms of tolvaptan on angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced aldosterone production in vitro and in vivo.Experimental ApproachIn vitro, H295R human adrenocarcinoma cells were incubated with 1 μmol·L−1 arginine vasopressin (AVP) or dDAVP, or tolvaptan (0.1, 1, and 3 μmol·L−1) in the presence and absence of 100 nmol·L−1 of AngII. In vivo, Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with tolvaptan 0.05% in the diet for 6 days in the presence and absence of 200 pmol·min−1 AngII.Key ResultsTolvaptan suppressed AngII‐induced aldosterone production in a dose‐dependent manner in H295R cells, whereas neither AVP nor dDAVP in the presence or absence of AngII altered aldosterone production, suggesting the vasopressin V2 receptor was not involved in the inhibitory effect of tolvaptan on aldosterone synthesis. In addition, tolvaptan inhibited the AngII‐induced increase in aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) protein levels without suppressing CYP11B2 mRNA expression. Notably, tolvaptan increased the levels of unfolded protein response (UPR) marker DDIT3 and eIF2α phosphorylation (a UPR‐induced event), which could block the translation of CYP11B2 mRNA into protein and thereby inhibit aldosterone production. In vivo, tolvaptan significantly inhibited AngII‐induced increases in serum and adrenal aldosterone levels and CYP11B2 protein levels. This anti‐aldosterone effect was associated with a reduction in the elevated systolic and diastolic BP.Conclusions and ImplicationsTolvaptan inhibited AngII‐stimulated aldosterone production via a V2 receptor‐independent pathway, which can counteract or even surpass its potential activating effect of diuresis‐induced aldosterone secretion in certain aldosterone‐mediated pathological conditions.
Cardiac β3‐adrenoceptors—A role in human pathophysiology?
Authors: Arioglu‐Inan Ebru , Kayki‐Mutlu Gizem , Michel Martin C. 
Published: February 2019

As β3‐adrenoceptors were first demonstrated to be expressed in adipose tissue they have received much attention for their metabolic effects in obesity and diabetes. After the existence of this subtype had been suggested to be present in the heart, studies focused on its role in cardiac function. While the presence and functional role of β3‐adrenoceptors in the heart has not uniformly been detected, there is a broad consensus that they become up‐regulated in pathological conditions associated with increased sympathetic activity such as heart failure and diabetes. When detected, the β3‐adrenceptor has been demonstrated to mediate negative inotropic effects in an inhibitory G protein‐dependent manner through the NO–cGMP–PKG signalling pathway. Whether these negative inotropic effects provide protection from the adverse effects induced by overstimulation of β1/β2‐adrenoceptors or in themselves are potentially harmful is controversial, but ongoing clinical studies in patients with congestive heart failure are testing the hypothesis that β3‐adrenceptor agonism has a beneficial effect.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
Lifestyle and pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome: The SCOPE cohort study
Authors: Bahri Khomami Mahnaz , Moran Lisa J. , Kenny Louise , Grieger Jessica A. , Myers Jenny , Poston Lucilla , McCowan Lesley , Walker James , Dekker Gustaaf , Norman Robert , Roberts Claire T. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo investigate the risk of pregnancy complications in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome after consideration of lifestyle factors.DesignProspective cohort.Patients and measurementsParticipants (n = 5628) were apparently healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies from the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints study in New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Multivariable regression models were performed assessing the association of self‐reported polycystic ovary syndrome status with pregnancy complications with consideration of lifestyle factors at the 15th week of gestation.ResultsWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (n = 354) were older, had a higher socio‐economic index and body mass index and were less likely to consume alcohol and smoke but more likely to do vigorous exercise and take multivitamins. In univariable analysis, polycystic ovary syndrome was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.0). In multivariable models, polycystic ovary syndrome was only significantly associated with decreased risk of large for gestational age (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.98) with a population attributable risk of 0.22%. None of the other outcomes were attributable to polycystic ovary syndrome status.ConclusionsPolycystic ovary syndrome is associated with a lower risk of large for gestational age infants. In this low‐risk population, the risk of pregnancy complications was not increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who were following a healthy lifestyle. Further studies are warranted assessing the contribution of lifestyle factors to the risk of pregnancy complications in higher risk groups of women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome.
The beneficial effect of synchronized action on motor and perceptual timing in children
Authors: Monier Florie , Droit‐Volet Sylvie , Coull Jennifer T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe examined the role of action in motor and perceptual timing across development. Adults and children aged 5 or 8 years old learned the duration of a rhythmic interval with or without concurrent action. We compared the effects of sensorimotor versus visual learning on subsequent timing behaviour in three different tasks: rhythm reproduction (Experiment 1), rhythm discrimination (Experiment 2) and interval discrimination (Experiment 3). Sensorimotor learning consisted of sensorimotor synchronization (tapping) to an isochronous visual rhythmic stimulus (ISI = 800 ms), whereas visual learning consisted of simply observing this rhythmic stimulus. Results confirmed our hypothesis that synchronized action during learning systematically benefitted subsequent timing performance, particularly for younger children. Action‐related improvements in accuracy were observed for both motor and perceptual timing in 5 years olds and for perceptual timing in the two older age groups. Benefits on perceptual timing tasks indicate that action shapes the cognitive representation of interval duration. Moreover, correlations with neuropsychological scores indicated that while timing performance in the visual learning condition depended on motor and memory capacity, sensorimotor learning facilitated an accurate representation of time independently of individual differences in motor and memory skill. Overall, our findings support the idea that action helps children to construct an independent and flexible representation of time, which leads to coupled sensorimotor coding for action and time.
Ceramides and diabetes mellitus: an update on the potential molecular relationships
Authors: Yaribeygi H. , Bo S. , Ruscica M. , Sahebkar A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that ceramides can play an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes. Ceramides are primarily recognized as lipid bilayer building blocks, but recent work has shown that these endogenous molecules are important intracellular signalling mediators and may exert some diabetogenic effects via molecular pathways involved in insulin resistance, β‐cell apoptosis and inflammation. In the present review, we consider the available evidence on the possible roles of ceramides in diabetes mellitus and introduce eight different molecular mechanisms mediating the diabetogenic action of ceramides, categorized into those predominantly related to insulin resistance vs those mainly implicated in β‐cell dysfunction. Specifically, the mechanistic evidence involves β‐cell apoptosis, pancreatic inflammation, mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, adipokine release, insulin receptor substrate 1 phosphorylation, oxidative stress and insulin synthesis. Collectively, the evidence suggests that therapeutic agents aimed at reducing ceramide synthesis and lowering circulating levels may be beneficial in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes and its related complications.
The effects of geographic origin and antibiotic treatment on the gut symbiotic communities ofBactrocera oleaepopulations
Authors: Koskinioti Panagiota , Ras Erica , Augustinos Antonios A. , Tsiamis George , Beukeboom Leo W. , Caceres Carlos , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe olive fruit fly,Bactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the major insect pest of olive orchards (Olea europaeaL.), causing extensive damages on cultivated olive crops worldwide. Due to its economic importance, it has been the target species for a variety of population control approaches including the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, the inefficiency of the current mass‐rearing techniques impedes the successful application of area‐wide integrated pest management programs with anSITcomponent. It has been shown that insect mass rearing and quality of sterile insects can be improved by the manipulation of the insect gut microbiota and probiotic applications. In order to exploit the gut bacteria, it is important to investigate the structure of the gut microbial community. In the current study, we characterized the gut bacterial profile of two wild olive fruit fly populations introduced in laboratory conditions using next generation sequencing of two regions of the 16SrRNAgene. We compared the microbiota profiles regarding the geographic origin of the samples. Additionally, we investigated potential changes in the gut bacteria community before and after the first exposure of the wild adult flies to artificial adult diet with and without antibiotics. Various genera – such asErwinia,Providencia,Enterobacter, andKlebsiella– were detected for the first time inB. oleae. The most dominant species wasCandidatusErwinia dacicola Capuzzo et al. and it was not affected by the antibiotics in the artificial adult diet used in the first generation of laboratory rearing. Geographic origin affected the overall structure of the gut community of the olive fruit fly, but antibiotic treatment in the first generation did not significantly alter the gut microbiota community.