bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allograft outcomes of treated children with kidney transplant who developed plasma cell‐rich acute rejection (PCAR): A single center's experience
Authors: Alhamoud Issa , Huang Rong , Lacelle Chantale , Burguete Daniel , Hendricks Allen R. , Torrealba Jose R. , Seikaly Mouin G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionPCAR is a rare form of ACR that may compromise renal allografts. This review evaluates the outcomes of a protocol used to treat PCAR (Study group), and compares these outcomes with a matched cohort with ACR (Control group).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 138 of pRTRs who underwent renal allograft biopsies between January 2008 and November 2016.ResultsSeven biopsies revealed in situ hybridization of EBER‐negative PCAR (5%). Three Study group pRTRs lost their grafts within 3 months after rejection (43%). None of the Control group pRTRs lost their graft during this period. At the time of rejection, eGFR was different between the Control and Study groups (27.0 ± 19.9 mL/min per m2 vs 40.0 ± 10.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively; P < 0.05). Among Study group pRTRs with functioning allografts (n = 4), treatment resulted in an increase in eGFR from nadir levels (27.0 ± 19.9 vs 55.6 ± 18.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.05). In the Study group, complications included neutropenia, BK and EBV viremia, and infusion‐related hypotension and hypertension.Summary(a) Graft loss in Study group while remaining high (43%) was lower than that reported in the published pediatric literature. (b) Our protocol was associated with improvement in eGFR in all surviving pRTRs within the Study group. (c) No life‐threatening complications or malignancy were reported during the observation period.
Magmatic‐Hydrothermal Mineralization Sequence in Xinlu Ore Field, Guangxi, South China: Constraints from Zircon U‐Pb, Molybdenite Re‐Os, and Muscovite Ar‐Ar Dating
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Feng Zuohai , Fu Wei , Kang Zhiqiang , Jiang Jian , Guo Along , Wang Xi , Feng Meng , Wang Chunzeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Xinlu Sn‐polymetallic ore field is located in the western Nanling Polymetallic Belt in northeastern Guangxi, South China, where a number of typical skarn‐, hydrothermal vein‐type tin deposits have developed. There are two types of Sn deposits: skarn‐type and sulfide‐quartz vein‐type. The tin mineralizations mainly occur on the south side of the Guposhan granitic complex pluton and within its outer contact zone. To constrain the Sn mineralization age and further understand its genetic links to the Guposhan granitic complex, a series of geochronological works has been conducted at the Liuheao deposit of the ore field using high‐precision zircon SHRIMP U‐Pb, molybdenite Re‐Os, and muscovite Ar‐Ar dating methods. The results show that the biotite‐monzogranite, which is part of the Xinlu intrusive unit of the Guposhan complex pluton, has a SHRIMP U‐Pb zircon age of 161.0 ± 1.5 Ma. The skarn‐type ore has a 40Ar‐39Ar muscovite plateau age of 160 ± 2 Ma (same as its isochron age), and the sulfide‐quartz vein‐type ore yields an Re‐Os molybdenite isochron age of 154.4 ± 3.5 Ma. The magmatic‐hydrothermal geochronological sequence demonstrated that the hydrothermal mineralization took place immediately following the emplacement of the monzogranite, with the skarn metasomatic mineralization stage predating the sulfide mineralization stage. Geochronologically, we have compared this ore field with 26 typical Sn deposits distributed along the Nanling Polymetallic Belt, leading to the suggestion of the magmatic‐metallogenic processes in the Xinlu ore field (ca. 161–154 Ma) as a component of the Early Yanshanian large‐scale Sn‐polymetallic mineralization event (peaked at 160–150 Ma) in the Nanling Range of South China. Petrogenesis of Sn‐producing granite and Sn‐polymetallic mineralization were probably caused by crust–mantle interaction as a result of significant lithospheric extension and thinning in South China in the Late Jurassic.
Intimate citizenship and the tightening of migration controls in the United Kingdom
Authors: Nehring Daniel , Sealey Clive 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article examines recent changes in British family migration policy. It explores the reasons for these policy changes. It highlights the fact that these changes have affected the legal, financial, social, and lived experiences of transnational couples. It uses primary research to exemplify these changes. For example, it highlights the fact that the changes in policy have had some negative impacts on the ability of transnational families to have intimate relationships with each other. Some of these changes have led to the separation of couples. Other changes have led to what couples outline as an involuntary separation from the United Kingdom. This research has current and future relevance in the context of the focus of the current government and the likelihood that policy will be tightened even further in the aftermath of Britain leaving the EU, post‐Brexit.
Genetic control of α‐farnesene production in apple fruit and its role in fungal pathogenesis
Authors: Souleyre Edwige J. F. , Bowen Joanna K. , Matich Adam J. , Tomes Sumathi , Chen Xiuyin , Hunt Martin B. , Wang Mindy Y. , Ileperuma Nadeesha R. , Richards Kate , Rowan Daryl D. , Chagné David , Atkinson Ross G. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTerpenes are important compounds in plant trophic interactions. A meta‐analysis of GC‐MS data from a diverse range of apple (Malus × domestica) genotypes revealed that apple fruit produces a range of terpene volatiles, with the predominant terpene being the acyclic branched sesquiterpene (E,E)‐α‐farnesene. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for α‐farnesene production in ripe fruit were identified in a segregating ‘Royal Gala’ (RG) × ‘Granny Smith’ (GS) population with one major QTL on linkage group 10 co‐locating with the MdAFS1 (α‐farnesene synthase‐1) gene. Three of the four QTLs were derived from the GS parent, which was consistent with GC‐MS analysis of headspace and solvent‐extracted terpenes showing that cold‐treated GS apples produced higher levels of (E,E)‐α‐farnesene than RG. Transgenic RG fruit downregulated for MdAFS1 expression produced significantly lower levels of (E,E)‐α‐farnesene. To evaluate the role of (E,E)‐α‐farnesene in fungal pathogenesis, MdAFS1 RNA interference transgenic fruit and RG controls were inoculated with three important apple post‐harvest pathogens [Colletotrichum acutatum, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba (synonym Phlyctema vagabunda)]. From results obtained over four seasons, we demonstrate that reduced (E,E)‐α‐farnesene is associated with decreased disease initiation rates of all three pathogens. In each case, the infection rate was significantly reduced 7 days post‐inoculation, although the size of successful lesions was comparable with infections on control fruit. These results indicate that (E,E)‐α‐farnesene production is likely to be an important factor involved in fungal pathogenesis in apple fruit.
Anthropometric, physiological characteristics and rugby-specific game skills discriminating Zimbabwean under-16 male adolescent rugby players by level of competition
Authors: Chiwaridzo Matthew , Ferguson Gillian D , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien C M 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesDespite growing popularity of adolescent rugby in Zimbabwean schools, little is known about qualities or skills of schoolboy rugby players and how they differ by competitive level. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to identify anthropometric, physiological characteristics and rugby-specific game skills capable of discriminating under-16 (U16) RU players across three proficiency levels.MethodsFollowing development of School Clinical Rugby Measure test battery, elite rugby players (n=41), subelite rugby players (n=30) and non-rugby players (n=29) were enrolled and tested for height, sitting height, body mass, skinfolds, speed, agility, upper and lower muscular strength and power, prolonged high-intensity intermittent running ability, tackling, passing and catching in a cross-sectional study.ResultsElite rugby players displayed significantly better scores for all physiological tests and game skills compared with either subelite or non-rugby players, except for Sit-and-Reach, 20 m speed and L-run tests. However, only vertical jump (VJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IRT L1) significantly improved with increasing competitive level. In addition, elite rugby players showed significantly better scores for tackling (p<0.001) and catching (p<0.001) compared with subelites. No statistical differences were observed across competitive levels for height (p=0.43), sum of seven skinfolds (p=0.26) and passing (p=0.27).ConclusionSince VJ and Yo-Yo IRT L1 improved with increasing playing standard, these findings possibly highlight physiological attributes important in elite schoolboy rugby in Zimbabwe. Additionally, development and training of tackling and catching skills in U16 schoolboy rugby is important since they are linked to higher playing standard.
Impact of the caller’s emotional state and cooperation on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest recognition and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Chien Cheng-Yu , Chien Wei-Che , Tsai Li-Heng , Tsai Shang-Li , Chen Chen-Bin , Seak Chen-June , Chou Yu-Shao , Ma Matthew , Weng Yi-Ming , Ng Chip-Jin , Lin Cheng-Yu , Tzeng I-Shiang , Lin Chi-Chun , Huang Chien Hsiung 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis study determined the impact of the caller’s emotional state and cooperation on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) recognition and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) performance metrics.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using data from November 2015 to October 2016 from the emergency medical service dispatching centre in northern Taiwan. Audio recordings of callers contacting the centre regarding adult patients with non-traumatic OHCA were reviewed. The reviewers assigned an emotional content and cooperation score (ECCS) to the callers. ECCS 1–3 callers were graded as cooperative and ECCS 4–5 callers as uncooperative and highly emotional. The relation between ECCS and OHCA recognition, time to key events and DA-CPR delivery were investigated.ResultsOf the 367 cases, 336 (91.6%) callers were assigned ECCS 1–3 with a good inter-rater reliability (k=0.63). Dispatchers recognised OHCA in 251 (68.4%) cases. Compared with callers with ECCS 1, callers with ECCS 2 and 3 were more likely to give unambiguous responses about the patient’s breathing status (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 6.4), leading to a significantly higher rate of OHCA recognition (AOR=2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0). Thirty-one callers were rated uncooperative (ECCS 4–5) but had shorter median times to OHCA recognition and chest compression (29 and 122 s, respectively) compared with the cooperative caller group (38 and 170 s, respectively). Nevertheless, those with ECCS 4–5 had a significantly lower DA-CPR delivery rate (54.2% vs 85.9%) due to ‘caller refused’ or ‘overly distraught’ factors.ConclusionsThe caller’s high emotional state is not a barrier to OHCA recognition by dispatchers but may prevent delivery of DA-CPR instruction. However, DA-CPR instruction followed by first chest compression is possible despite the caller’s emotional state if dispatchers are able to skilfully reassure the emotional callers.
Impact of a community-based cardiovascular disease service intervention in a highly deprived area
Authors: Downing Jennifer , Rose Tanith C , Saini Pooja , Matata Bashir , McIntosh Zoe , Comerford Terence , Wilson Keith , Pemberton Allan , Harper Lesley M , Shaw Matthew , Daras Konstantinos , Barr Ben 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the effects on emergency hospital admissions, length of stay and emergency re-admissions of providing a consultant-led, community-based cardiovascular diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation service, based in a highly deprived area in the North West of England.MethodsA longitudinal matched controlled study using difference-in-differences analysis compared the change in outcomes in the intervention population, to the change in outcomes in a matched comparison population that had not received the intervention, 5 years before and after implementation. The outcomes were emergency hospitalisations, length of inpatient stay and re-admission rates for cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultsFindings show that the intervention was associated with 66 fewer emergency CVD admissions per 100 000 population per year (95% CI 22.13 to 108.98) in the post-intervention period, relative to the control group. No significant measurable effects on length of stay or emergency re-admission rates were observed.ConclusionThis consultant-led, community-based cardiovascular diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation service was associated with a lower rate of emergency hospital admissions in a highly disadvantaged population. Similar approaches could be an effective component of strategies to reduce unplanned hospital admissions.
Progress in reducing inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality in Europe
Authors: Di Girolamo Chiara , Nusselder Wilma J , Bopp Matthias , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Costa Giuseppe , Kovács Katalin , Leinsalu Mall , Martikainen Pekka , Pacelli Barbara , Rubio Valverde José , Mackenbach Johan P 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess whether recent declines in cardiovascular mortality have benefited all socioeconomic groups equally and whether these declines have narrowed or widened inequalities in cardiovascular mortality in Europe.MethodsIn this prospective registry-based study, we determined changes in cardiovascular mortality between the 1990s and the early 2010s in 12 European populations by gender, educational level and occupational class. In order to quantify changes in the magnitude of differences in mortality, we calculated both ratio measures of relative inequalities and difference measures of absolute inequalities.ResultsCardiovascular mortality has declined rapidly among lower and higher socioeconomic groups. Relative declines (%) were faster among higher socioeconomic groups; absolute declines (deaths per 100 000 person-years) were almost uniformly larger among lower socioeconomic groups. Therefore, although relative inequalities increased over time, absolute inequalities often declined substantially on all measures used. Similar trends were seen for ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality separately. Best performer was England and Wales, which combined large declines in cardiovascular mortality with large reductions in absolute inequalities and stability in relative inequalities in both genders. In the early 2010s, inequalities in cardiovascular mortality were smallest in Southern Europe, of intermediate magnitude in Northern and Western Europe and largest in Central-Eastern European and Baltic countries.ConclusionsLower socioeconomic groups have experienced remarkable declines in cardiovascular mortality rates over the last 25 years, and trends in inequalities can be qualified as favourable overall. Nevertheless, further reducing inequalities remains an important challenge for European health systems and policies.
DHA-SBT-1214 Taxoid Nanoemulsion and Anti–PD-L1 Antibody Combination Therapy Enhances Antitumor Efficacy in a Syngeneic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Model
Authors: Ahmad Gulzar , Mackenzie Gerardo G. , Egan James , Amiji Mansoor M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate combination of a novel taxoid, DHA-SBT-1214 chemotherapy, in modulating immune checkpoint marker expression and ultimately in improving antibody-based checkpoint blockade therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DHA-SBT-1214 was encapsulated in an oil-in-water nanoemulsion and administered systemically in Panc02 syngeneic PDAC-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Following treatment with DHA-SBT-1214, expression levels of PD-L1 were measured and anti–PD-L1 antibody was administered in combination. The effects of combination therapy on efficacy and the molecular basis of synergistic effects were evaluated. PD-L1 expression was lower on Panc02 pancreatic tumor cells in vitro, which significantly increased after exposure to different chemotherapy drugs. Administration of DHA-SBT-1214, gemcitabine, and PD-L1 antibody alone failed to increase CD8+ T-cell infiltration inside tumors. However, combination of anti–PD-L1 therapy with a novel chemotherapy drug DHA-SBT-1214 in nanoemulsion (NE-DHA-SBT-1214) significantly enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and the therapeutic effects of the anti–PD-L1 antibody. Furthermore, in the Panc02 syngeneic model, the NE-DHA-SBT-1214 combination therapy group reduced tumor growth to a higher extend than paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane), gemcitabine, or single anti–PD-L1 antibody therapy groups. Our results indicate that NE-DHA-SBT-1214 stimulated immunogenic potential of PDAC and provided an enhanced therapeutic effect with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which warrants further evaluation.
Immunopathologic Stratification of Colorectal Cancer for Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy
Authors: Llosa Nicolas J. , Luber Brandon , Siegel Nicholas , Awan Anas H. , Oke Teniola , Zhu Qingfeng , Bartlett Bjarne R. , Aulakh Laveet K. , Thompson Elizabeth D. , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Durham Jennifer N. , Sears Cynthia L. , Le Dung T. , Diaz Luis A. , Pardoll Drew M. , Wang Hao , Housseau Franck , Anders Robert A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mismatch-repair deficiency in solid tumors predicts their response to PD-1 blockade. Based on this principle, pembrolizumab is approved as standard of care for patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) cancer. Despite this success, a large majority of metastatic colorectal cancer patients are not MSI-H and do not benefit from checkpoint blockade treatment. Predictive biomarkers to develop personalized medicines and guide clinical trials are needed for these patients. We, therefore, asked whether immunohistologic stratification of metastatic colorectal cancer based on primary tumor PD-L1 expression associated with the presence or absence of extracellular mucin defines a subset of metastatic colorectal cancer patients who exhibit a preexisting antitumor immune response and who could potentially benefit from the checkpoint blockade. To address this, we studied 26 advanced metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab (NCT01876511). To stratify patients, incorporation of histopathologic characteristics (percentage of extracellular mucin) and PD-L1 expression at the invasive front were used to generate a composite score, the CPM (composite PD-L1 and mucin) score, which discriminated patients who exhibited clinical benefit (complete, partial, or stable disease) from those patients with progressive disease. When validated in larger cohorts, the CPM score in combination with MSI testing may guide immunotherapy interventions for colorectal cancer patient treatment.
МЕТОДИ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ДИНАМІЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ РЕАКЦІЇ СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ НА ФІЗИЧНЕ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ У ХВОРИХ НА ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА В ПРОЦЕСІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ
Authors: Levytska L. V. , Vovkodav O. V. 
Published: August 2019

Прогнозування динаміки пульсу та артеріального тиску під дією фізичного навантаження є ключовим завданням при плануванні процесу реабілітації пацієнта після перенесених серцево-судинних подій, і, в першу чергу, інфаркту міокарда. На сьогоднішній день її розв'язують емпірично, однак, розроблення адекватної математичної моделі прогнозування основних гемодинамічних показників дозволила б уникнути суб'єктивізму оцінок і підвищити надійність прогнозу, безпеку та ефективність реабілітаційної технології.
З метою формування судження про зміну стану пацієнта під дією фізичного навантаження в процесі реабілітації реалізовано систему моделювання рівнів пульсу та артеріального тиску за допомогою пакету прикладних програм для математичного моделювання. Її основними підсистемами є обробка та ідентифікація даних, формування прогнозних даних. Для перевірки адекватності побудованої моделі використано засіб перевірки толерантності до фізичного навантаження. Отримані результати свідчать про адекватність побудованої математичної моделі для аналізованого етапу процесу реабілітації. Максимальний рівень похибок за весь період спостереження склав 9,5 % щодо пульсу та 5,2 % щодо артеріального тиску.
Отже, розроблена математична модель динаміки пульсу та артеріального тиску під дією фізичного навантаження в підгостру фазу реабілітації дозволяє прогнозувати реакцію організму на дозоване фізичне навантаження. Метод ідентифікації сукупності диференціальних рівнянь, що моделюють таку динаміку під дією фізичного навантаження на основі модифікованого градієнтного методу Левенберга-Марквадта, доповненого процедурою вибору початкових значень коефіцієнтів, підтверджує адекватність розробленої математичної моделі.
Ceramide 1-Phosphate Protects Endothelial Colony–Forming Cells From Apoptosis and Increases Vasculogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Mena Hebe Agustina , Zubiry Paula Romina , Dizier Blandine , Mignon Virginie , Parborell Fernanda , Schattner Mirta , Boisson-Vidal Catherine , Negrotto Soledad 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid highly augmented in damaged tissues. Because of its abilities to stimulate migration of murine bone marrow–derived progenitor cells, it has been suggested that C1P might be involved in tissue regeneration. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether C1P regulates survival and angiogenic activity of human progenitor cells with great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine such as endothelial colony–orming cells (ECFCs).

Approach and Results:
C1P protected ECFC from TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-α)-induced and monosodium urate crystal–induced death and acted as a potent chemoattractant factor through the activation of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) and AKT pathways. C1P treatment enhanced ECFC adhesion to collagen type I, an effect that was prevented by β1 integrin blockade, and to mature endothelial cells, which was mediated by the E-selectin/CD44 axis. ECFC proliferation and cord-like structure formation were also increased by C1P, as well as vascularization of gel plug implants loaded or not with ECFC. In a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, local administration of C1P alone promoted blood perfusion and reduced necrosis in the ischemic muscle. Additionally, the beneficial effects of ECFC infusion after ischemia were amplified by C1P pretreatment, resulting in a further and significant enhancement of leg reperfusion and muscle repair.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that C1P may have therapeutic relevance in ischemic disorders, improving tissue repair by itself, or priming ECFC angiogenic responses such as chemotaxis, adhesion, proliferation, and tubule formation, which result in a better outcome of ECFC-based therapy.