bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Antibiotic Use on Pneumonia Patient in Surakarta Referral Hospital
Authors: Farida Yeni , Trisna Ayu , Nur Deasy 
Published: November 2018

<p>Pneumonia is lung inflammation, mostly caused by bacteria. Antibiotics are the primary therapy in cases of pneumonia due to bacteria. This study aimed to determine the profiles of pneumonia patients and their use of antibioticsin Surakarta referral hospital.Data were collected retrospectively by using patient's medical recordand prescription on 2014-2015. Subject were obtained by purposive sampling. Patients diagnosed pneumonia with antibiotik therapywere included while patient with comorbide other infection were excluded. The result showed that the most pneumonia patient were aged 0-5 years old (27,71%, female and the average length of stay 11 days) The most single use antibiotik in pediatric patients and adults was ceftriaxone (21.09% and 66.12% respectively) . The combination of antibiotics that were widely used in pediatric patients were ampicillin-gentamicin (39.27%), while in adult patients were ceftriaxone and azithromycin (26.97%).</p>
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Karika (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) Terhadap Nilai SGPT dan SGOT pada Tikus Jantan yang Diinduksi Paracetamol
Authors: Sasongko Heru , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto 
Published: November 2018

Parasetamol merupakan salah satu antipiretik yang sudah terbukti bisa menyebabkan kerusakan hati pada penggunaan dosis toksik. Kenaikan nilai SGPT (Serum Glutamat Piruvat Transaminase) dan SGOT (Serum Glutamat Oksaloasetat Transaminase) merupakan salah satu parameter adanya gangguan fungsi hati. Pemberian suatu antioksidan dilaporkan berpengaruh terhadap proteksi kerusakan fungsi hati. Daun karika (<em>Vasconcellea pubescens </em>A.DC.) pada penelitian sebelumnya telah diketahui dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun karika terhadap nilai SGPT dan SGOT pada model tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Pengujian dilakukan selama 9 hari terhadap 30 ekor tikus jantan galur <em>Sprague </em><em>Dawley</em> (150-200 g, 2-3 bulan) yang diacak menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok I sebagai kontrol normal, kelompok II diberi CMC Na 0,5% (p.o) sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok III diberi silimarin dosis 100 mg/kgBB (p.o) sebagai kontrol positif, dan kelompok IV-VI diberi ekstrak etanol daun karika dengan dosis 60, 120, dan 240 mg/kgBB (p.o). Induksi parasetamol dosis 2 g/kg BB dilakukan pada hari ke-7. Serum darah diambil pada hari ke-9 untuk diukur kadar SGPT dan SGOT. Data kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan <em>ANOVA</em>. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun karika mulai dosis 60 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT dengan kadar 240,846 ± 11,15 U/I (p&lt;0,05) dan SGOT dengan kadar 742,632 ± 68,81 U/I (p&lt;0,05). Semua dosis ekstrak mampu menurunkan kadar SGPT dan SGOT secara signifikan bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif. Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun karika berpengaruh pada penurunan kadar SGPT dan SGOT pada tikus jantan galur <em>Sprague </em><em>Dawley</em> yang diinduksi parasetamol.
Robotic Technology in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Chen Antonia F. , Kazarian Gregory S. , Jessop Galen W. , Makhdom Asim 
Published: November 2018

* Robotic technology used in orthopaedics can be classified on the basis of direct and indirect action and according to the mechanism of cutting, including autonomous, haptic, and boundary control.* Robotics have been used in multiple orthopaedic subspecialties including spine, total joint arthroplasty, trauma, shoulder, and foot and ankle.* Advantages of using robotic technology in orthopaedics include the possibility of improving implant placement (e.g., reducing outliers), accessing certain anatomic areas, reducing complications, decreasing fluoroscopy use, and performing remote surgery.* Disadvantages of using robotics in orthopaedics include increased costs, the need for updated software, the surgeon learning curve and increased operative time, imaging for preoperative templating, potential incorrect placement of implants with poor input of data from the surgeon, and possibly no difference in long-term outcomes.
Xiphinema japonicum n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidorinae) from the Rhizosphere of Japanese Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.), a Cryptic Species Related to Xiphinema bakeri Williams, 1961
Authors: ZHAO LIRONG , YE WEIMIN , MARIA MUNAWAR , PEDRAM MAJID , GU JIANFENG 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Xiphinema japonicum n. sp., isolated in Ningbo, China, from the rhizosphere of Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) imported from Japan is described. The new species belongs to Xiphinema non-americanum group 7 and is characterized by medium body length (3.0–3.7 mm), total stylet length 190–201 μm, vulva located anteriorly (V = 30.5%–35.3%), two equally developed female genital branches without uterine differentiation (no Z or pseudo-Z organ and/or spines in the uteri), short tail, convex-conoid with subdigitate peg in terminus, and absence of males. The species has four juvenile developmental stages (J1 was not found). The polytomous identification codes of the new species are (codes in parentheses are exceptions) A4-B4-C4-D5(4)-E2(3)-F3(4)-G2(3)-H2-I3-J4-K?-L1. Morphologically, the new species is mainly characterized by combination of the codes C4 and E2(3), making the species unique and different from other species in the genus. It is most similar to the North American species Xiphinema bakeri, herein considered as its cryptic species by the nature of high morphological similarity, but with significant differences in DNA sequences in nearly full length 18S, ITS1, 28S D2/D3, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences. The second morphologically close species is Xiphinema setariae from which the new species could be separated based on morphological and molecular characters. Morphological comparisons with phylogenetically related species are also discussed.
iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Pseudostellaria heterophylla from Geo-Authentic Habitat and Cultivated Bases
Authors: Hua Yujiao , Wang Chengcheng , Wang Shengnan , Liu Zixiu , Liu Xunhong , Zou Lisi , Gu Wei , Luo Yiyuan , Liu Juanxiu 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Pseudostellaria heterophylla is an important tonic traditional Chinese medicine.
However, the molecular changes in the herb from geo-authentic habitat and cultivated bases remain
to be explored.

Objective:
The purpose of this research was to study differences in P. heterophylla from geo-authentic
habitat and cultivated bases.

Methods:
High-throughput technologies of transcriptomic and proteomic were used to identify proteins.
Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) MS/MS has been utilized to
evaluate changes in P. heterophylla from geo-authentic habitat and cultivated bases.

Results:
In this study, a total of 3775 proteins were detected, and 140 differentially expressed proteins
were found in P. heterophylla from geo-authentic habitat and cultivated bases. 44 significantly differential
expressed proteins were identified based on functional analysis classified into nine categories.
Five differentially expressed proteins were confirmed at the gene expression level by Quantitative realtime
PCR. Catabolic metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and response to stress of oxidoreductases
and transferases in P. heterophylla from geo-authentic habitat were stronger than in those from cultivated
bases, but protein folding and response to stress of heat shock proteins, isomerases, rubisco large
subunit-binding proteins, chaperone proteins, and luminal-binding proteins in herbs from cultivated
bases were more active. ADG1 and TKTA could be the critical proteins to regulate sucrose; MFP2 and
CYS may be the crucial proteins that control the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids.

Conclusion:
These results will provide the basic information for exploring the differences in secondary
metabolites in P. heterophylla from geo-authentic habitat and cultivated bases and the protein mechanism
of its quality formation.
Rinsing Chronic Wounds with a Nitric Oxide Containing Solution – A Safe Treatment Approach to Support Wound Healing
Authors: Meyer Thorsten U. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Nitric oxide (NO) is known for decades to play a crucial role in many physiological
processes: this includes acting as an anti-microbial mediator/agent, vasodilator, inhibitor of
platelet aggregation, immune modulator, and tissue regeneration via regulation of epidermal cell migration,
collagen deposition and cytokine/chemokine microenvironment, making it a key player in wound
healing.

Methods:
In order to demonstrate the therapeutic benefits as well as the safety of a NO wound irrigation
solution, a broad literature review summarizing efficacy and safety data was conducted.

Results:
Beneficial effects on wound healing have been demonstrated in several non-clinical and clinical
studies. The combination of NO and wound rinsing seems to be a promising approach in terms of
improved wound healing of chronic wounds.

Conclusion:
Based on the results, no safety concerns are expected for a daily 15 minutes use of a NOgenerating
rinsing solution system for wound irrigation of diabetic foot ulcers in adults.
Different Messages are Transmitted by Individual Duet Contributions and Complete Duets in a Species with Highly Overlapped Duets
Authors: Sandoval Luis , Juárez Roselvy , Villarreal Mauricio 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Duet function hypotheses have been mostly studied in bird species that produce duets with male and female solo songs. However, in order to understand if patterns of duet function are similar across all duetting species, it is highly necessary to test the duet function hypotheses in species that produce duets with vocalizations other than solo songs.

Objective:
We studied the responses of territorial pairs to each sex’s individual duet contribution and complete duets in a species that produces duets with a vocalization other than male and female solo songs.

Methods:
We conducted a playback experiment where we presented duet contributions of each sex to three populations of White-eared Ground-sparrows (Melozone leucotis) in Costa Rica, during this species’ breeding season in 2016.

Results:
The responses to complete duets were stronger than those to each sex’s duet contribution, suggesting that complete duets and each sex’s duet contribution have different functions. Complete duets are used to protect resources from intruders (supporting the resource defense hypothesis), and to prevent the partner from being usurped by intruders (supporting the mate-guarding hypothesis). Males used solo songs in response to female duet contributions, and this may work to attract intruder females (increasing the probability of extra-pair copulation). Males also use solo songs in response to male duet contributions, which may work as a signal to repel intruder males and guard their female. In this case, where mate attraction occurs with a completely different type of vocalization than used for duetting, we found a clear pattern of a double agenda for males when a territorial intrusion occurs.

Conclusions:
This study provides strong support for the dual function hypothesis in duets and reveals conflicting selective pressures between pair members relative to each hypothesis.
Upregulation of Adhesion Molecules Sustains Matrix-Free Growth of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Bigdeli Narmin , Maria de Peppo Giuseppe , Karlsson Camilla , Lennerås Maria , Strehl Raimund , Hyllner Johan , Lindahl Anders 
Published: November 2018

Background:Despite recent advances in culture techniques for undifferentiated human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs), further improvements are required to facilitate research and translation of these cells in clinical settings. We have previously derived hESC lines that can be cultured in their undifferentiated state on regular plastic culture dishes, without the need for feeder cells or other coating supports, denoted Matrix-Free Growth hESCs (MFG-hESCs).Objective:In this study, we further characterize and compare MFG-hESCs to hESCs in order to understand the molecular differences responsible for the unique ability of MFG-hESCs.Results:Microarray analysis demonstrated that MFG-hESCs highly resemble feeder-cultured hESCs in global gene expression profile. Two identified groups of genes with differential expression were those encoding for ribosomal proteins and attachment proteins, such as the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-associated proteins. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry corroborated the microarray results. Culture of MFG-hESCs in the presence of RGD peptides resulted in decreased attachment ability compared to cells cultured in the presence of RGES (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) peptides.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that MFG-hESC lines overexpress cell attachment proteins but retain the typical characteristics of undifferentiated feeder-cultured hESCs. The ability to culture high-quality pluripotent stem cells in feeder- and matrix-free conditions creates a new opportunities for their large-scale manufacturing for experimental research and translational applications.
Ocular Stem Cells to Treat Retinal and Corneal Disorders
Authors: Chatterji Biswa P. , Mehvash Godiwala , Roma Sunder 
Published: November 2018

Background:According to WHO, 285 million people are visually impaired out of which, 39 million are classified as blind and the remaining 246 million people have low vision which comprises of moderate vision impairment and severe vision impairment. Therapies to treat major disorders leading to visual impairment like Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Stargardt’s Disease (STGD), Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and corneal scarring are required.In the last decade, many advances have been made to treat these disorders using stem cell therapy. For corneal damage by accidental burns, scarring or limbal stem cell deficiencies which can lead to partial or total blindness, are treated with a risky intervention like keratoplasty. To overcome issues like graft rejection caused by keratoplasty as well as have a better outcome, limbal stem cell therapy has been introduced. Similarly, Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) is a supporting tissue essential in nutrient transport, production of growth factors, phagocytosis of the photoreceptors and retinol cycling.Discussion and Conlusion:Degeneration of this monolayer causes many diseases that have no prevailing treatment; however, research is being carried out to replace this simple epithelial monolayer primarily with an autologous source of cells and currently using stem cells. This review discusses the advances made in the field of ocular stem cell therapy with regards to development, cultivation and novel methods used to deliver these cells to replace the corneal and retinal epithelium as a new standard for treatment.
Moving Object Detection and Recognition Using Optical Flow and Eigen Face Using Low Resolution Video
Authors: Agrawal Prateek , Kaur Ranjit , Madaan Vishu , Babu M. Sunil , Sethi Dimple 
Published: November 2018

Background:
As crime is increasing day by day, various applications are proposed to
protect public places. Monitoring and tracking of video surveillance system is the most difficult
task and it is prominent that human beings are not reliable and efficacious in doing this job.

Objective:
The prime objective of this research is to develop an automatic monitoring and inspecting
system that is competent enough to detect and track the moving objects in real-time using
a low-resolution video surveillance camera.

Methods:
Firstly, the video data acquired from a low-resolution video surveillance camera is used
for generating RGB video frames which are converted into gray scale. Optical flow and Eigen face
algorithms are applied to extract and match the moving object in the video sequence with the images
stored in the database.

Results:
The proposed system is compared with the already existing systems and it is observed that
this approach gives more accurate results. This system can meet the requirement of real-time tracking
even when the targeted image resolution is smaller than 160x120.

Conclusion:
This method uses optical flow and Eigen face algorithm to track and detect the moving
objects. The system gives high performance and can be used for real time object tracking. The same
experiment can be applied for the human faces too.
KOMPENSASI PRODUKSI CO2 DARI PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DENGAN SERAPAN CO2 OLEH VEGETASI
Authors: Ali Syaukat 
Published: November 2018

The global warming issue, with increasing CO2 concentration level, has become agloba lproblem. The increasing of the CO2 is caused by the high emission of CO2 produced by several sectors, mainly from road and building infrastructure sectors. Buildings are responsible for CO2 production from their use of electricity, while road infrastructure, by means of the transportation system, plays a role in the CO2 hike. It is by no means arare occasion that trees alongside roads and streets are being cut down since they are believed to take much of the landused for transpotation. Whereas, as we all see, trees and vegetation are able to absorb and limit CO2 emission. Thus, the tree-cutting activities and the increase of CO2 emission constitute environmental cost which mustbe “paid” by regularly planting trees. By doing so, environmental balance is attained as trees readily absorb CO2 emission from both road and building infrastructures.The aim of this research is to develop a formula to calculate the environmental cost, thus named “CO2 compensation system,” by both measuring CO2 production cost from community’ senergy consumption and analyzing a survey on transportation energy consumption. Field observations are conducted to know the CO2 production character in the sample site. The data collected are therefore analyzed quantitatively using a computer program to attainan exact CO2 compensation formula.The result of the study reveals that community’s (families) domestic energy/electricity consumption in directly produces emission of 679.46kgs of CO2 permonth. To compensate that, vegetation which can absorb the amount of 679.46kgs of CO2 per month is decidedly needed. In addition,from the transportation sector, each motor vehicle reaches anaverage of 539.43kms/monthonroad. Its CO2 emission produced permonth is 62.22kgs/vehicle in average.Kata Kunci: CO2, pembangunan infrastruktur, vegetasi
KAJIAN KEKERINGAN METEOROLOGIS MENGGUNAKAN STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX (SPI) DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Nurrohmah Habibah , Nurjani Emilya 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakKekeringan sering terjadi di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kekeringan tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dan dapat pula memberikan dampak terhadap berbagai aspek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi kekeringan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Data yang diperlukan adalah data curah hujan bulanan. Data curah hujan tersebut merupakan data hasil pengukuran lapangan tahun 1981-2010 dan dilengkapi oleh data Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Metode yang digunakan meliputi metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dan interpolasi tension spline. Metode SPI digunakan untuk menentukan klasifikasi kekeringan. Hasil pengolahan SPI dipetakan menggunakan interpolasi tension spline. Kekeringan meteorologis di Provinsi Jawa Tengah terjadi setiap tahun (1981-2010). Kekeringan terluas terjadi pada bulan Setember-November 1982 di 96% wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Kekeringan ekstrim (golongan amat sangat kering) terluas terjadi pada bulan Setember-November 1997 di 39% wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan pola membulat serta mengelilingi pusat-pusat wilayah normal di sekitar Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Kabupaten Wonogiri, dan Kabupaten Pati. Kata kunci: ENSO, Jawa Tengah, Kekeringan Meteorologis, Pola Tanam, SPI
KELAYAKAN WILAYAH PERBUKITAN JIWO SEBAGAI LABORATORIUM ALAM UNTUK PRAKTIK KERJA LAPANGAN GEOGRAFI FISIK MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFI
Authors: Sugiharyanto Sugiharyanto 
Published: November 2018

Untuk mencapai kualitas pendidikan geografi sesuai harapan, maka implementasi kurikulum secara optimal perlu dilakukan. Tulisan ini berusaha membahas tingkat kelayakan wilayah Perbukitan Jiwo sebagai laboratorium alam untuk kepentingan pelaksanaan mata kuliah Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) Geografi Fisik. Wilayah yang digeneralisasikan dalam penelitian ini adalah wilayah Bayat dari sekitar Waduk Rowo Jombor hingga Perbukitan Jiwo. Populasi penelitian ini adalah bukit-bukit yang ada di seluruh wilayah perbukitan Jiwo wilayah barat dan wilayah perbukitan Jiwo timur. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik sampling wilayah. Dari sejumlah bukit yang ada di masing-masing wilayah tersebut diambil sebagian bukit secara proporsional dan acak. Jumlah bukit yang diambil sebagai sampel adalah perbukitan Jiwo barat sebanyak tiga sampel sedangkan perbukitan Jiwo timur sebanyak dua bukit. Penelitian ini dikerjakan dengan cara menjelajah dipandu dengan menggunakan peta topografi, peta geologi, peta geomorfologi, dan peta tanah. Metode pengumpulan dilakukan dengan observasi dan studi kepustakaan. Alat yang digunakan adalah Check list, Kompas Geologi, Altimeter, Abney level, meteran, soil test kid.. Metode analisis data adalah Deskriptif Kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Daerah penelitian hanya layak dijadikan laboratorium alam geografi fisik untuk sebagian aspek geografi fisik, khususnya geologi dan sebagian geomorfologi serta hidrologi saja; 2) Topografi yang kasar sangat baik untuk belajar pemetaan relief; dan 3) Adanya Rowo Jombor dan sistem aliran sungai, sangat baik sebagai contoh pemetaan hidrologi, studi limnologi, maupun potamologi. Kata kunci: kelayakan, laboratorium alam, PKL, Geografi Fisik
PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERTANIAN KE NON-PERTANIAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIAL BUDAYA
Authors: Rusmawan Rusmawan 
Published: November 2018

Lahan merupakan bagian dari bentang alam. Penggunaan lahan merupakan hasil interaksi antara faktor manusia dan faktor lahan. Manusia merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi atau melakukan kegiatan terhadap lahan dalam usaha memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Pola penggunaan lahan dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan-kekuatan dinamis yang secara garis besar dikelompokkan kekuatan centrifugal dan kekuatan centripetal. Bentuk bentang lahan, penggunaan lahan dan perkembangannya merupakan bagian dari identitas masyarakat yang hidup di dalamnya. Dampak nyata perubahan penggunaan lahan pertanian menjadi lahan non pertanian adalah semakin berkurangnya luas areal pertanian yang diikuti perubahan mata pencaharian penduduk. Pergeseran luas arel pertanian maupun mata pencaharian ini akan semakin menurunkan intensitas hubungan sosial masyarakat yang telah menjadi identitas masyarakat agraris. Kata kunci: Penggunaan lahan, dampak sosial budaya
PEMILU 2009 SAAT RAKYAT MEMILIH PARTAI POLITIK : MASA DEPAN DIPERTARUHKAN
Authors: Gunardo Gunardo 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Pemilu 2009 adalah momen penting bagi bangsa Indonesia. Saat itulah rakyat menentukan pilihan politiknya dan apabila terjadi kekeliruan maka bangsa ini tidak akan beranjak dari keterpurukannya. Oleh karena itu pembahasan mengenai partai-partai politik peserta pemilu dengan kelebihan dan kekurangannya sangat berguna bagi calon pemilih dalam menentukan pilihan partai politiknya. Partai peserta pemilu 2009 berjumlah 38 partai nasional yang disahkan Komite Pemilihan Umum dan 6 partai lokal yang hanya berlak di provinsi NAD. Pembahasan terhaap 9 partai sesuai dengan nomor urut hasil undian KPU menunjukkan bahwa peranan mantan pejabat militer masih mendominasi dunia perpolitikan Indonesia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peranan militer sebagai organisasi yang paling solid masih diperhitungkan di segala bidang kehidupan. Militer mempunyai disiplin, loyalitas, dan komitmen yang tinggi. Andaikata nilai-nilai itu digabung dengan nilai-nilai demokrasi dan hak asasi manusia maka bangsa Indonesia akan lepas dari ketertinggalannya dan dengan modal sumberdaya alam yang melimpah serta sumberdaya manusia yang unggul tidak terlalu sulit untuk menyusul Jepang, Cina, dan India yang sudah tergolong negara maju. Kata Kunci : Pemilu, Partai, Pilihan