bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commodity, Trading, and Commerce in the Contemporary Lithuanian Literature
Authors: Keturakis Saulius 
Published: August 2019

The paper analyses how the discourses of a commodity, trade, and shop become, on the one hand, the subjects of literary reflection and, on the other hand, the certain structures of meaning that form the existential and cultural practices moulding the commodity into a form of reality, trade as a relationship with reality, and shop as a kind of a reality genre in the modern Lithuanian literature. Although the history of a commodity, trademark, or other related subjects in the Lithuanian literature have not been traced on the paper, it is claimed, more out of the feeling, that a commodity and the phenomena related to it are more likely to appear in the modern literary texts. The feeling is based on the theory of a commodity and the trade as a model of a certain culture; the theory, starting with the works of Karl Marx, explains the transformations of the art creation and reception in accordance with the demand / supply forces that started to determine the processes of the art in the Western culture from the middle of the nineteenth century. The theoretical core of cultural commodification enables to speak about a commodity as a literary top not as a coincidence, but as a process, which came to be discussed and reflected long before the market economy in the last decade of the XXth century, in the “non-commodity” Soviet political system, as the documents of the Lithuanian Association for Writers suggest. The combination of the archival data, the facts of the modern literature, and the theory of cultural commodification detects the evolving discourse of commodification reflection and its character in the Lithuanian literature.
DNA and its Metaphors
Authors: Domaradzki Jan 
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present paper is to describe the main metaphors presented in genetic discourse: DNA as text, information, language, book, code, project/blueprint, map, computer, music, and cooking. It also analyses the social implication of these metaphors. The author of this article argues that metaphors are double-edged swords: while they brighten difficult and abstract genetic concepts, they also lead to the misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the reality. The reason for this is that most of these metaphors are of deterministic, reductionist, and fatalistic character. Consequently, they shift the attention from complexity of genetic processes. Moreover, as they appeal to emotions, ascetics, and morality they may involve exaggeration: while they bring hope, they also create an atmosphere of fear over the misuse of genetic knowledge. The author of this article states that the genetic metaphors do not simply reflect the social ideas on DNA, but also shape our understanding of genetics and imagination on the social application of genetic knowledge. Due to this reason, DNA should be understood not only as a biological code, but as a cultural as well.
Observed Time: Journey – Creation – Life
Authors: Bankauskaitė Gabija 
Published: August 2019

VAIČIULAITIS, Antanas, 2015. Italijos vaizdai. Sudarytoja ir teksto „Lieka tik tai, kas įgijo amžinybės vertę“ autorė Virginija Babonaitė Paplauskienė. Kaunas: Maironio lietuvių literatūros muziejus, 2015. 166 p.
Male and Female Characters’ Crying in Jane Austen’s “Sense and Sensibility” (1811) and Maria Wirtemberska’s “Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition” (1816)
Authors: Ożarska Magdalena 
Published: August 2019

Published in 1816, Malvina, or the Heart's Intuition by Maria Wirtemberska appeared but five years after the publication of Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility (1811). My paper stipulates that Wirtemberska's Malvina was to a large extent inspired by Austen's novel although no straightforward evidence exists to suggest that the Polish writer was familiar with the works of the English author. Austen's novels were not rendered into Polish in the nineteenth century: the first translation was published as late as 1934. But novels by Western European authors were read by educated Poles in their original language versions, or in French translations and adaptations. It is crucial to view Wirtemberska's romance as a specimen of the same genre as Austen's works because several parallels emerge in terms of the novel's structure, motifs and characters. My paper looks at the ways in which the motif and images of crying are used in Austen's and Wirtemberska's novels. The two works seem a good choice for this kind of comparative analysis as they tackle various aspects of sensibility, a phenomenon which invoked mixed feelings among the novelists' contemporaries, excitement and a sense of moral jeopardy included.
Literature and Economics. Another Way to Read the Text
Authors: Kisieliūtė Ingrida 
Published: August 2019

At the end of the 20th century, the study of literature was supplemented by such new methods as biopoetics, geopoetics, new historicism, etc. The New Economic Criticism, a new approach to the literary text, was found in the United States in the late 20th century. The present article discusses the main aspects of the aforementioned area of the study of literature and as well presents the possible approaches to literary texts from the economic perspective. The New Economic Criticism does not aim to become a method or tendency; thus, it givesthe freedom for a researcher to choose the perspective on the relationship between the literature and economics. The above-mentioned kind of analysis may be found in the English-speaking countries; whereas, the Russian literature has still remained unconsidered; however, Russian scholars are attempting to look at their fiction through the eyes of an economist. In Lithuania, the kind of research has not been found yet. Therefore, the article suggests one of the possible economic approaches, i.e., the analysis of the financial practices of the protagonist of The Gambler by F. Dostoyevsky.
Contemporary Homo Europeicus. Transformation of European Identity
Authors: Zamojski Adam 
Published: August 2019

This article explains the origins of European identity, contemporary Homo Europeicus and transformation of European identity. It describes, in a synthetic form, the symbolic sources of European identity like ancient Greek philosophy, Roman law, Christian religion, Barbarian aspects of civilisation and the Age of Enlightenment. It as well describes the circumstances and causes of the crisis of Latin civilization and traditional European Identity in relation to the population boom of Muslims in the Western Europe. Further on, it concludes with an outlook on the role of Postmodernism, Islam, Christian evolutionism, Neo-pagan religion, New Age Movement and Consumptionism in the transformation process of the traditional EuropeanIdentity. Conclusion is an attempt to exemplify the style of Andrzej Wierciński’s scientific approach. This part presents his concept of the peculiarity of the specific human nature which is polarized into the animal side versus the human potential.
Serious Cutaneous Toxicities with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Raschi Emanuel , Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , La Placa Michelangelo , Ardizzoni Andrea , Poluzzi Elisabetta , De Ponti Fabrizio 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cutaneous toxicities frequently occurred with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), although clinical and pharmacological features are incompletely characterized. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System was queried to describe ICI-related cutaneous toxicities, focusing on severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs): Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. As compared with other anticancer drugs, a higher proportion of death (11.3% vs. 8.7%) and serious reports (42.7% vs. 34.6%) emerged for ICIs (p &lt; .05). A higher frequency of coreported allopurinol and antiepileptics was recorded among 2,525 total SCARs (17% vs. 10%, ICIs and anticancer agents, respectively; p &lt; .05). Mean times to onset were 47, 48, and 40 days (SJS, TEN, and DRESS, respectively), with comparable mean latency between monotherapy and combination regimens (41 days). This immune-related pattern advocates for long-lasting monitoring by oncologists and dermatologists.
Trends and Racial Disparities of Palliative Care Use among Hospitalized Patients with ESKD on Dialysis
Authors: Wen Yumeng , Jiang Changchuan , Koncicki Holly M. , Horowitz Carol R. , Cooper Richard S. , Saha Aparna , Coca Steven G. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Chan Lili 
Published: August 2019

Significance Statement
Studies have shown significant racial and ethnic disparities in the end-of-life care received by dialysis patients with ESKD in the United States, but little is known about disparity in the palliative care services received by such patients in the inpatient setting. This retrospective cohort study of 5,230,865 hospitalizations of patients on dialysis found that, despite a significant increase in use of palliative care services from 2006 through 2014, such services remained underused. Black and Hispanic patients were less likely than white patients to receive palliative care services in the hospital, disparities that persisted in all hospital subtypes, including hospitals with a high proportion of minority patients. These results complement previous findings and highlight the importance of further investigation of systemic issues contributing to barriers and racial disparities in palliative care use.

Background
Study findings show that although palliative care decreases symptom burden, it is still underused in patients with ESKD. Little is known about disparity in use of palliative care services in such patients in the inpatient setting.

Methods
To investigate the use of palliative care consultation in patients with ESKD in the inpatient setting, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample from 2006 to 2014 to identify admitted patients with ESKD requiring maintenance dialysis. We compared palliative care use among minority groups (black, Hispanic, and Asian) and white patients, adjusting for patient and hospital variables.

Results
We identified 5,230,865 hospitalizations of such patients from 2006 through 2014, of which 76,659 (1.5%) involved palliative care. The palliative care referral rate increased significantly, from 0.24% in 2006 to 2.70% in 2014 (P<0.01). Black and Hispanic patients were significantly less likely than white patients to receive palliative care services (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.61 to 0.84, P<0.01 for blacks and aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.68, P<0.01 for Hispanics). These disparities spanned across all hospital subtypes, including those with higher proportions of minorities. Minority patients with lower socioeconomic status (lower level of income and nonprivate health insurance) were also less likely to receive palliative care.

Conclusions
Despite a clear increase during the study period in provision of palliative care for inpatients with ESKD, significant racial disparities occurred and persisted across all hospital subtypes. Further investigation into causes of racial and ethnic disparities is necessary to improve access to palliative care services for the vulnerable ESKD population.
Referral for Kidney Transplantation in Canadian Provinces
Authors: Kim S. Joseph , Gill John S. , Knoll Greg , Campbell Patricia , Cantarovich Marcelo , Cole Edward , Kiberd Bryce 
Published: August 2019

Significance Statement
In Canada, access to kidney transplantation requires referral to a transplant center, and selection of patients for transplant is in part a subjective process. The authors determined the incidence of transplant referral among incident patients with ESKD in Canada. Only 17% of incident patients with ESKD were referred within 12 months of starting dialysis, and transplant referral varied more than three-fold between provinces. Factors associated with a lower likelihood of referral included older age, female sex, and receiving dialysis >100 km from a transplant center, but not median household income or nonwhite race. The findings highlight the need to educate health care providers about the medical criteria for kidney transplantation and implement standards for referral, as well as the need for ongoing reporting of referral for transplantation in national registries.

Background
Patient referral to a transplant facility, a prerequisite for dialysis-treated patients to access kidney transplantation in Canada, is a subjective process that is not recorded in national dialysis or transplant registries. Patients who may benefit from transplant may not be referred.

Methods
In this observational study, we prospectively identified referrals for kidney transplant in adult patients between June 2010 and May 2013 in 12 transplant centers, and linked these data to information on incident dialysis patients in a national registry.

Results
Among 13,184 patients initiating chronic dialysis, the cumulative incidence of referral for transplant was 17.3%, 24.0%, and 26.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years after dialysis initiation, respectively; the rate of transplant referral was 15.8 per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval, 15.1 to 16.4). Transplant referral varied more than three-fold between provinces, but it was not associated with the rate of deceased organ donation or median waiting time for transplant in individual provinces. In a multivariable model, factors associated with a lower likelihood of referral included older patient age, female sex, diabetes-related ESKD, higher comorbid disease burden, longer durations (>12.0 months) of predialysis care, and receiving dialysis at a location >100 km from a transplant center. Median household income and non-Caucasian race were not associated with a lower likelihood of referral.

Conclusions
Referral rates for transplantation varied widely between Canadian provinces but were not lower among patients of non-Caucasian race or with lower socioeconomic status. Standardization of transplantation referral practices and ongoing national reporting of referral may decrease disparities in patient access to kidney transplant.
KADINLARIN REKREASYONEL FAALİYETLERE KATILIMINDA MOTİVASYON VE ENGELLERİ İLE İLGİLİ DURUM TESPİTİ; MANİSA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜRSEL Nimet , GÜZEL Pınar , YILDIZ Kadir 
Published: August 2019

Bireyler,
kendi kendini gerçekleştirme, kişisel ilişkileri, sosyal bütünleşmeyi ve yaşam
kalitesini artırma gibi serbest zaman fırsatlarını kullanabilirler. Kadınların
meslek durumu, kadınların aylık gelir
seviyeleri, ailenin spora katılımı, spor tesislerinin durumu, yaşanılan sosyal
çevrenin uygun olması, yakın çevrenin ve arkadaş gruplarının etkisi, televizyon
etkisi, zaman olgusu ve bu konudaki ilgi ve istekleri fiziksel aktiviteye
katılımlarını etkileyen nedenlerden en önemlileri arasındadır.
Kadınların
rekreasyonel faaliyetlere katılımında motivasyon ve engelleri belirlemeyi
amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, olgu ve olayları nesnelleştirerek
gözlemlenebilir, ölçülebilir ve sayısal olarak ifade edilebilir bir şekilde
ortaya koyan bir araştırma türü olan Nicel Araştırma Yöntemlerinden, Genel
Tarama Modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu Manisa Merkez ilçesinde yaşayan
20-55 yaş ortalaması 36,26 olan 350 kadından oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı
olarak Serbest Zaman Motivasyon Ölçeği (SZMÖ) ve Serbest Zaman Engelleri Ölçeği
(SZEÖ) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Yüzde, Frekans, ANOVA, Tukey Testi ve Korelasyon
analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; kadınların meslek gruplarına bakıldığında 178 (%50,8)’sinin
çalışan, 142 (%40,6)’sının ev hanımı ve 30 (%8,6)’sının emekli olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Birey psikolojisi ve motivasyonsuzluk alt boyutu arasında orta
düzeyde ve pozitif yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir(r=,402; p&lt;,01).
Katılımcıların dışsal düzenleyen alt boyutunda spor yapmak ve sinema-tiyatroya
gitmek alt boyutu arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir, F(4,
345)=9,67 SZEÖ Tesis alt boyutunda istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir fark
bulunmamıştır. Bu bağlamda kadınların ilgi ve bilgilerinin arttırılması yönünde
çalışmalar yapılarak rekreasyonel faaliyetlerin yaygınlaştırılması
önerilebilir.
TÜRKİYE’DE UYARLANABİLİR ÖĞRENME YAKLAŞIMI KAPSAMINDA YAPILAN TEZLER ÜZERİNE BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: GÜLTEKİN Mehmet , BURAK Durmuş 
Published: August 2019

Uyarlanabilir öğrenme temelde öğrenen özelliklerine uygun öğrenme ortamı sağlayan bir yaklaşımdır. Son yıllarda özellikle teknolojinin de sağlamış olduğu kolaylıklar ile uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı konusunda dünyada ve Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar oldukça önemli bir alanyazın oluşturmuştur. Bu kapsamda uyarlanabilir öğrenme konusunda alanyazının incelendiği çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak ilgili alanyazında yeni çalışmalar yapılmakta ve bu çalışmalar gelecek çalışmalara alt yapı oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle ilgili alanyazını inceleyen çalışmaların güncellenmesi alana ve gelecek çalışmalara önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2012-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı kapsamında yapılan tezlerin metodolojik olarak incelenmesi ve uyarlanabilir öğrenme ortamı tasarımı sürecinde kullanılan model ve tekniklerin belirlenmesidir. Bu sebeple çalışmada betimsel içerik analizi yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Yükseköğretim Kurumu ulusal veritabanında taranan 17 tez, çalışmanın veri kaynaklarını oluşturmuştur. Tezlerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre 2012-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı kapsamında yapılan tezlerin çoğunun, uyarlanabilir öğrenme ortamı kullanılarak yapılan öğretimin bazı değişkenler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla hazırlandığı belirlenmiştir. Tezlerin yöntem bulgularına göre çalışmaların çoğunlukla nicel desenlerde ve deneysel modelde gerçekleştirildiği, örneklemlerinin yükseköğretim düzeyinde ve öğrencilerden oluşturulduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca uyarlanabilir öğrenme ortamı tasarımı sürecinde öğrenen modellemesinin kurallı modelleme tekniğine göre yapıldığı, modellemede öğrenenlerin ön bilgi düzeylerinin bireysel farklılık olarak ölçüt alındığı ve öğrenme ortamının uzaktan öğrenme süreçlerine göre tasarlandığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgulara göre ilkokul, ortaokul ve ortaöğretim düzeyinde yeterli çalışmanın bulunmadığı, süreç odaklı karma ve nitel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu, öğrenen modellemelerinde kullanılabilecek güncel ölçme araçlarının sınırlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda uyarlanabilir öğrenme yaklaşımı kapsamında karma ve nitel araştırmaların tasarlanması ve ilkokul, ortaokul ve ortaöğretim düzeyinde çalışmaların yapılması, öğrenen modellemede birden fazla özelliği tanımlayan değişkenlerin kullanılması, içerik ve gezinme uyarlamalarının yanı sıra oyun uyarlamalarının da kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Enfermedad coronaria asintomática en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Urrego Díaz José Augusto , Obando León Claudia Yadira , Vivero Mogollón María Claudia 
Published: August 2019

Introducción: la enfermedad coronaria es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial; se sabe que la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es un factor de riesgo importante para esta patología y que puede producir una forma asintomática o con manifestaciones atípicas.
Objetivos: exponer los principales datos epidemiológicos, pronósticos y determinantes de la enfermedad coronaria asintomática en DM2 y discutir las formas de tamización y su utilidad en diabéticos asintomáticos.
Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, LILACS y SciELO usando las palabras clave “Diabetes Mellitus, type 2”, “Coronary disease”, “Coronary Artery Disease”, “Coronary Vessels”, “Atherosclerosis”, “Arteriosclerosis”, “Asymptomatic Diseases”, “Asymptomatic”, “Silent” y “Myocardcial infarction”, ajustando la búsqueda según las necesidades de cada base de datos. Se incluyeron artículos que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión y no los de exclusión, a consideración de los autores, así como algunas referencias adicionales.
Resultados: se revisó el título y resumen de 504 artículos encontrados en las bases de datos, tras lo cual se escogieron 81 para su lectura total. De ellos, 56 fueron incluidos, así como 48 publicaciones adicionales conocidas por los autores o referenciados en las artículos leídos, lo que dio un total de 104 artículos incluidos en la revisión final.
Conclusiones: los pacientes con DM2 presentan altas prevalencias de enfermedad coronaria asintomática que aumentan en presencia de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular o de mayor duración o progresión de la DM2. Si bien existen varios métodos anatómicos o funcionales para su detección, la tamización de esta población no ha mostrado beneficio alguno, por lo que no puede recomendarse de rutina en asintomáticos.
Development of an immunoblotting assay for serodiagnosis of Burkholderia mallei infection: the whole-cell proteome-based paradigm
Authors: Yazdansetad Sajjad , Mosavari Nader , Mosavari Nader , Tadayon Keyvan , Mehregan Iraj 
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: Burkholderia mallei is the leading cause of glanders, a highly transmittable and an OIE-no- tifiable disease of equidae. Despite the importance of B. mallei, little is known about serodiagnosis of glanders. The present study aimed to develop an immunoblotting assay based on whole-cell proteome of B. mallei to enable accurate serodiagnosis of glanders.
Materials and Methods: Three farm horses were subcutaneously immunized with a crude suspension (106 cfu/ml) of heat-inactivated B. mallei formulated with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to achieve a hyperimmune sera panel. The immunization was done for 1, 14 and 28 days with 1 dose of 1 ml antigen containing 106 cfu/ml. The hyperimmunity of sera was confirmed by CFT. B. mallei whole-cell proteome was prepared through sonication and the protein content was visu- alized by SDS-PAGE and quantified by Western blot using HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-horse IgG. A comprehensive set of positive and negative horse sera validated the test.
Results: A ladder pattern of the B. mallei immunoreactive antigens was seen within the region of 20-90 kDa clearly and the immunoblot was scored positive, while no reaction was seen for the negative sera. The Western blot assay indicated a noticeably higher diagnostic specificity for positive or negative sera of glanders.
Conclusion: The whole-cell proteome-based immunoblot proved reliable and straightforward in our study. The prepared an- tigen was adaptable for application in immunoblotting. We assumed this improved immunoblotting system provides appro- priate sensitivity and also specificity expected in serodiagnosis of glanders in endemic areas and typically in less-developed countries.