bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Dogma of a ‘National Style’: Dance-Type Narration in Stanislaw Moniuszko’s Operas
Authors: Zieziula Grzegorz 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A privileged position in discourse on 19th-century opera is occupied by narration concerning the emancipation of national styles. In order to work out a fresh approach in scientific study of this subject, it seems crucial that we should abandon the ethnocentric perspective. This was one of the main postulates of Jean-Marie Pradier’s utopian project of ethnoscenology. Importantly, Pradier also stressed the physical aspect of all stage practice. In the times of Rossini, Verdi, Gounod and Moniuszko, the physicality of the spectacle was associated not only with singing, but also with choreography. The links between 19th-century opera and its broadly conceived dance component are the subject of a highly inspiring essay by Maribeth Clark, whose arguments, theses and conclusions we also present here in detail.
Stanisław Moniuszko’s operatic style is commonly associated with Polish dance rhythms. Still, salon dance should also be considered, apart from national dances, as one of the keys to the composer’s entire oeuvre. In a study of his stage works from both the Vilnius and the Warsaw periods, the dance idiom will not be limited to the presence of dance rhythms in the protagonists’ arias or to the ballet sections. Dance qualities can be discerned in Moniuszko’s music on a much deeper, fundamental level of the construction of operatic narration. Dance is frequently a hidden mechanism that serves as an axis of development for the presented events or as an element that organises the dramaturgy of entire scenes and instrumental passages.
This paper is an attempt to take a fresh look at the role of the dance idiom in Moniuszko’s operatic narrations, an initial reconnaissance, in which I point to the sources of the composer’s inspirations and illustrate my theses with specific examples.
The Myth of Polishness in Polish Dances. How Ideologies Interpret Phenomena Related to Music and Movement
Authors: Nowak Tomasz 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the myth of Polishness in the context of dances which gained the social status of ‘national’ ones, i.e. those incorporated into the canon of national culture. I shall start by establishing the terminology and chronology related to the phenomenon of ‘national dance’, and sum up Mieczysław Tomaszewski’s comments on the ways of expressing nationality in music, including dance, and the various aspects of this phenomenon. Methodologically speaking, the present paper is based on the concept of myth as presented by Joseph Campbell, Leszek Kołakowski and Maria Janion, as well as on the findings of Jan Berting, Christiane Villain-Gandossi, Maria Janion and Jan Stęszewski concerning the phenomenon of stereotypes, which are crucial to defining a myth. The main body of my text has been dedicated to the conditions in which the myth of Polish dance was born, its form and relation to the ideology of Sarmatism then current among the Polish nobility, and to its subsequent transformations. Further transformations took place mainly under the influence of a specifically conceived Romanticism, in which the nation’s struggle for liberation took pride of place, accompanied by the cult of the family as a bastion of national culture, in which women played a prominent role as model wives and mothers, as well as by an interest in folk culture, which attracted the upper social strata to folk dances and led to the emergence of the claim (unsupported by existing sources) that the nobility’s dances had folk origins (this myth was particularly popular among the adherents of chłopomania, i.e. the intelligentsia’s fascination with, and interest in, the peasantry). In the final section I point to the durability of the myths concerning Polish national dances, which – thanks to educational efforts and to broadly conceived artistic work – are universally present in the social consciousness also today.
Motivation of Knowledge Workers – the Case of Albania
Authors: Nientied Peter , Toska Merita 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Very little is known about motivation of knowledge workers in the Western Balkans. There is a widespread belief that money and career opportunities are the most critical motivational factors, but from a pre-study more intrinsic motivational factors also appeared to be important. To develop a better understanding of work motivation, a study was conducted among knowledge workers in Albania, with a special interest in the themes of extrinsic / extrinsic motivation and organizational commitment.

Methodology: After a pre-study and a review of theory, two motivation theories (self-determination theory and organizational commitment) and corresponding instruments (Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale, respectively Organizational Commitment Questionnaire) were selected. A survey based on purposive homogeneous sampling was applied, resulting in 252 valid questionnaires. The internal consistency of the survey data was tested and resulted in acceptable to good levels.

Results: The findings show that, when knowledge workers are asked about their motivation, they give answers showing that intrinsic motivational factors are more important than extrinsic motivational factors. The study shows that affective commitment - the core factor of organizational commitment - of the respondents is quite high. Correlation analysis of the data shows that across age, gender and number of years of employment, knowledge workers report intrinsic and introjected motivation and affective organizational commitment. Respondents’ work positions – professional or leadership – also do not significantly correlate with motivation and organizational commitment.

Conclusion: Given the results on motivational factors and organizational commitment, organizations need to pay attention to the relationship between enhanced motivation and enhanced productivity. Current transactional leadership styles do stimulate employees on the basis of their intrinsic motivation to enhance their productivity, and should be considered too.
Evaluation of various common prostate IMRT techniques based on estimated tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities in correlation with patients anatomical parameters derived from the CT scans
Authors: Banaei Amin , Hashemi Bijan , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Mofid Bahram 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: The relationship between the prostate IMRT techniques and patients anatomical parameters has been rarely investigated.
Objective: to evaluate various prostate IMRT techniques based on tumor control and normal tissue complication probability (TCP and NTCP) values and also the correlation of such techniques with patients anatomical parameters. Methods: Four IMRT techniques (9, 7 and 5 fields and also automatic) were planned on the CT scans of 63 prostate cancer patients. The sum of distances between the organs at risk (OARs) and target tissue and also their average joint volumes were measured and assumed as anatomical parameters. Selected dosimetric and radiobiological parameters (TCP and NTCP) values were compared among various techniques and the correlation with the above anatomical parameters were assessed using Pearsons’ correlation.
Results: High correlations were found between the dosimetric/radiobiological parameters of OARs with the joint volumes and with the distances between the OARs and target tissue in all the techniques. The TCP and complication free tumor control probability (P+) values were decreased with increasing the joint volume and decreasing the distances between the OARs and target tissue (as poly-nominal functions). The NTCP values were increased with increasing the joint volumes and decreasing the distances (3-degree poly-nominal functions). For the low percent joint volumes (<20%) and high distances (>7 cm), The TCP, NTCP and P+ showed no statistical differences between various techniques (P-value>0.07). However, 9 and 7 fields techniques indicated better radiobiological results (P-value<0.05) in almost other ranges (>20% joint volumes and <7 cm distances).
Conclusion: Based on our results, it would be possible to compare radiobiological effects of various common IMRT techniques and choose the best one regarding to patients anatomical parameters derived from the CT scans.
The Socio-Historical Contexts of Czech Anti-Semitism and Anti-German Sentiments Following the Establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic and their Reflection in Contemporary Caricatures
Authors: Soukupová Blanka 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Czechoslovak Republic was created as the national state of the Czechs and Slovaks. Although it was based on the ethnic principle, the new state simultaneously assured relatively extensive rights for its national and religious minorities; in the Czech lands primarily for Czech Germans and the structured Jewish minority (in the new state, Jews could claim Jewish nationality and religion, or only Jewish religion). Although the Jewish minority was ideologically and politically heterogeneous and absolutely loyal to the state, it repeatedly became, not for the first time historically, the target of largely socially and ethnically motivated attacks after the foundation of the Republic. However, their nature was escalated even more by the difficult social conditions following World War I and the generally traumatic experience of the unexpected world war. Contemporary journalism helped disseminate the image of Jews as the main culprits who had caused the world war and were responsible for the general post-war destabilisation and shortages, Jews as non-state building residents of the republic, disloyal, pro-German orientated asocial elements, intensified by the image of Jewish refugees from Galicia and Bukovina, justly or unjustly accused of operating chain businesses. Contemporary journalism also emphasised the traditional image of Czech Germans as the ancient enemy of the Czech nation, currently accused of starting World War I. The fact that most Czech Germans were truly disloyal citizens of the new state after the foundation of the republic (and again in the 1930s) was balanced by the efforts of the Czechoslovak government to “win the Germans over for the new state” and therefore controlled the suppression of anti-German sentiments which were often linked to anti-Jewish sentiments. The text questions the significance of the image of the national enemy at a time in history that saw the destabilisation of existing socio-political relations, undoubtedly represented by the dissolution of the monarchy and the rise of new national states in Central Europe and their contemporary visualisation.
Ukrainian National Schools in Slovakia between 1945 and 1960
Authors: Gajdoš Marian , Konečný Stanislav 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The authors present the formation and development of the Ukrainian national education system in Slovakia after the World War II, which was determined by its results and new political conditions. The founding of Russian schools in Eastern Slovakia did not correspond to the wishes of part of the Ruthenian population, and their preference was a source of permanent tension. The authors of this article analyse the personnel, material and technical problems related to the development of Ukrainian (Russian) schools as well as the activities of political and state authorities in their solution. The introduction of the Ukrainian language as the language of instruction disrupted the consolidation in this area and increased dissatisfaction in many municipalities. The efforts to persuade people or various administrative obstacles could not prevent the change of the language of instruction from Ukrainian to Slovak.
Street Art and Graffiti in the Context of a City
Authors: Wiesner Adam 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper presents data from interviews conducted in 2006–2007 with four representatives of the Prague street art and graffiti scene who worked in the Czech capital city at the beginning of the 2000s. Part of the article deals with creative activities in the Prague subway where most of the interviewed authors created their works. The author thus offers the perspective of the authors of the Prague street art and graffiti scenes and presents their view of the (il)legal works of art from around ten years ago in the context of the current discourse in social sciences. Over the last twenty years, this discourse has evolved to such an extent that it now enables to see the phenomenon of urban public works of art as a phenomenon full of paradoxes. Graffiti and street art therefore cannot be interpreted only from the point of view of legality or the art of resistance. Their definition must remain sufficiently open, since certain ambivalence, contradiction and ghostliness are characteristic of it equally as of life in a modern global city that is inherently tied to it.
Preliminary data on low peripheral blood oxygen levels induced by physical effort
Authors: Hagiu Bogdan Alexandru , Smîntînică Sebastian George , Turculeț Iulian Dumitru 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Since strength and endurance training has become very popular, we aimed to assess the possibility of hypoxemia determined in peripheral blood during exercise, starting from the hypothesis that a relatively large muscle mass would have a protective effect.

Aim: Hypoxemia can cause serious illness and therefore we consider it useful to investigate the occurrence of this phenomenon during exercises of strength or endurance.

Methods: The preliminary study was conducted on 8 subjects, both trained and untrained. With a Beurer pulse oximeter, heart rate and oxygen saturation of the capillary blood were measured before, during, and at the end of strength, or endurance or endurance combined with strength training.

Results: The results have shown that hypoxemia occurs only under the conditions of high intensity training, which alternates endurance with strength exercises, simultaneously with decreasing heart rate, only in trained subjects and with relatively low muscle mass.

Conclusions: The decrease in oxygen saturation in the peripheral blood occurs simultaneously with that of heart rate and it seems that large muscle mass has a protective effect on oxygen desaturation.
The evolution of the physical effort curve during the physical education and sports lesson
Authors: Ormenisan Vasile Septimiu , Osorhean Maria Daniela Macra , Radu Paul Ovidiu , Rozsnyai Radu Adrian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction: In physical and sports education, the effort dosing is essential for achieving the goals and is managed by altering the effort parameters and correlating these with a certain type of rest, respecting the physical norms of the body. According to a study, analyzing and comparison of “The Gauss curve” during a physical education and sport lesson, the expected rising of the effort curve was denied during its first 3 stages. Especially between stage 2 (Preparation of the body for effort) and stage 3 (Selective influence of the locomotive apparatus) there is a decrease of the heart rate. During the sports lessons, we recorded for 10 hours the heart rate of 10 children from 2 different classes of the same grade, 5-A and 5-B, creating one control group (of 5 boys) and one experimental group (5 boys). For the experimental group we recorded for 10 different classes, interchanging stages 2 with 3, more exactly, the stage “Selective influence of the locomotive apparatus” was done before the stage “Preparation of the body for effort”, and for the control group we also recorded for 10 different classes, but they performed the normal sports lesson, following the stages in chronological order.

Objective of the study: The objective of this research was to discover/identify if the effort curve follows an ascendant trajectory during the first 3 stages and a descendant curve during the last 3, by analyzing the heart rate for each stage during the physical education and sports lesson.

Material and methods: The data was collected using 5 - Polar M400 watches and 5 - H7 chest bands, during sport lessons inside the School “Aghiresu Fabricii” from Cluj-Napoca. After the recorded data of the heart rates were analyzed, we observed the differences between the classic sport lesson and the one with the stages 2 and 3 reversed, for the 5th grade subjects.

Results: By comparing the data obtained from the recordings, it was found that there are some differences between the classical physical education lesson and that in which interventions were made in the second and third stages, as a result of the change in heart rate values in the investigated subjects.

Conclusion: Analyzing the two groups in which we had different approaches in the physical education and sports lesson, it is denied that in the classical lesson we have a curve of ascending effort in the first stages. As a result of the reversal of the two-to-three stages, an ascending curve – the Gaussian Curve – is achieved through which an optimal adaptation to effort is made in the fundamental part of the physical education and sports lesson.
Current threats on gene doping - a systematic review
Authors: Oravițan Mihaela 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction: The publication of the first results regarding the effects of gene therapy on muscle mass and muscle force in rodents has sparked sustained interest from the part of trainers, athletes and other categories of specialists concerning this ethically-questionable revolutionary method, which would increase sporting performance. The purpose of this study is to find out if gene doping poses a real threat in today’s performance sport through synthesizing the main information regarding the ways of using and the screening of the ways in which it has been used by athletes, as well as the measures undertaken in later years in connection to their regulation. The methods employed were the perusal and analysis of information published in research papers (accessed through Clarivate Analytics and Google Scholar) or in other official sources by using the following key words: genetic doping coupled with screening, effects, WADA etc. The results have highlighted the fact that, from the multitude of information obtained, a significant part is based on assumptions and discussions without any palpable evidence; regardless, one may also encounter some papers supported by objective data which made possible the extraction of real and coherent information.

Conclusions: Gene doping remains the latest challenge in the doping matter and it raised the interest of athletes and trainers in order to try to control and manipulate performance parameters and processes such as muscular mass, strength, power, speed, endurance, tissue regeneration and repair, pain perception; the steps that have been made recently for the screening and regulation of gene doping are consistent and ensure a relatively safe environment for clean sport.
UANG PANGOLAT (TEBUSAN) DALAM PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT TOBING JULU
Authors: Basri Harahap Risalan 
Published: April 2019

There are habits that have been hereditary done in the implementation of marriage in society of Tobing Julu. That is giving ransom money (pangolat) by the male (groom) to the “anak namboru” (anak namboru: a man who can marry a woman), which is requsted by “anak namboru” at the time of leaving woman from her home to her husband's home. The ordinance of this request is done by inhibiting the two brides outside the yard of woman’s house by preparing a seat and a drink, then invite the two brides to sit together, at the time they will enjoy the drinks that have been provided. But if it is seen and observed in the implementation of customs about ransom money (Pangolat) committed by the community has largely deviated from the actual customary provisions. Based on those, if the habitual of giving the ransom money (pangolat) in the implementation of marriage in Tobing Julu Kec Huristak Padang Lawas District has done suitable with actual custom, it will not contrary to Islamic law, then the law is allowed or ‘urf saheeh. On the contrary, if the execution of the ransom money (pangolat) has deviated from the actual custom, so the law will be included to the fasid ‘Urf or rejected
IMPLIKASI PELAKSANAAN SURAT EDARAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG (SEMA) NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2014 TERHADAP EKSISTENSI UNDANG – UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974
Authors: Syahputra Sirait Adi 
Published: April 2019

Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) number 3 in 2014 concerns about inspection of case voluntary of marriage confirmation, it’s a solution for the problems that occur in all districts /cities in Indonesia related to Population Administration which is a mandate of Law Number 23 of 2006 and Presidential Regulation Number 25 of 2008, the circular letter is still a reference for Religious Courts in Indonesia to determine marriages that are not registered by the Office of Religious Affairs. In substantially, SEMA can reveal the problems that’s the individual rights of the Indonesian people about attendance, protection and recognition of the determination of the legal status of a person, but on the other hand SEMA has implications for the existence of Law Number 1 of 1974 which still has a rule and reference in implementation of marriage in Indonesia. The Circular Letter of Supreme Court (SEMA) is basically a technical guideline or implementation manual that must be submit to the principles of Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis. So that it cannot be contradicted with the Law, moreover it can weaken the implementation of the law.
Pemberian H2SO4 dan Ekstrak Bawang Merah Terhadap Uji Vigor Benih Kopi Robusta (Coffea robustaL.)
Authors: Faiz Charis Al , Sulistyono Nantil Bambang Eko 
Published: April 2019

Fase pembibitan tanaman kopi dengan menggunakan benih, membutuhkan waktu yang lama sampai fase kepelan yang ditandai dengan tumbuhnya 2 daun lembaga mekar, membutuhkan waktu antara 2,5 – 3,0 bulan. Pemberian H2SO4 bertujuan melunakan lapisan lignin yang sangat kuat, keras dan tebal pada kulit benih serta Pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) dengan cara perendaman akan menstimulir perkecambahan benih karena akan memicu hormon pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2017 – Oktober 2017 di rumah kaca / green house dan lahan percobaan Politeknik Negeri Jember. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor, faktor pertama terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu (H0) tanpa pemberian H2SO4, (H1) pemberian H2SO4 10%, (H2) pemberian H2SO4 15% , (H3) pemberian H2SO4 20%. Faktor kedua terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu (B0) tanpa perendaman Ekstrak Bawang Merah, (B1) perendaman Ekstrak Bawang Merah 10%, (B2) perendaman Ekstrak Bawang Merah 30%, (B3) perendaman Ekstrak Bawang Merah 50%, menggunakan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F (ANOVA) dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut BNT 5%. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan H2SO4 memberikan pengaruh sangat nyata terhadap uji vigor benih Kopi Robusta pada parameter Presentase Daya Berkecambah (%), Kecepatan Tumbuh (Kct), Potensi Tumbuh Maksimum (%) dan Indeks Vigor (%). Perendaman dengan ekstrak bawang merah memberikan pengaruhsangat nyata terhadap parameter Indeks Vigor (%),Panjang Akar (cm), Tinggi Hipokotil (cm), Rata – rata Pertambahan Tinggi Hipokotil Per-Minggu (cm) dan Waktu menjadi Kepelan (HSS). Terdapat interaksi berbeda nyata antara kedua perlakuan pada parameter Daya Berkecambah (%).