bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitus dan Arena dalam Novel Taman Api Karya Yonathan Rahrdjo
Authors: Solissa Everhard Markiano 
Published: July 2019

Karya sastra lahir dari latar belakang dan dorongan dasar manusia untuk mengungkapkan eksisitensi dirinya. Karya sastra lahir bukan dari ruang kosong melompong, tetapi dari sebuah interaksi dengan realitas kehidupan manusia. Salah satu realitas dalam kehidupan dunia kontemporer sekarang ini adalah adanya krisis identitas dan subjektivitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan dan mendeskripsikan habitus dan arena dalam novel Taman Api karya Yonathan Rahrdjo. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik pustaka. Dengan menggunakan teori medan sastra Pierre Bourdieu, ditemukan bahwa (1) novel Taman Api menggambarkan bentuk habitus atau cara pandang seseorang dalam menentukan tindakan. Habitus agen terus bergerak dari waktu ke waktu. Pergerakan itu diakibatkan oleh pengalaman, didikan, atau bahkan pergaulan; (2) arena dalam novel Taman Api berupa arena kedokteran yang dianggap arena orang berkelas. Namun demikian, dalam arena ini agen-agenya tidak mencerminkan akhlak yang baik. Arena berikutnya adalah arena bisnis di mana setiap agen berupaya menjalankan fungsi dengan sebaik-baiknya agar jaringan yang dibangun tetap bertahan untuk kepentingan bersama yaitu saling menguntungkan. Arena yang terakhir adalah arena waria. Setiap agen dalam arena ini dianggap perusak tatanan moralitas, dan sering menjadi sasaran kekerasan penguasa.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar (LKS) Bergambar Menulis Teks Prosedur Kompleks Siswa MTs Kelas VIII MIftahul Ulum Pamekasan Madura
Authors: Sofiatun Sofiatun , Ridlwan M. 
Published: July 2019

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) mendeskripsikan pengembangan LKS teks prosedur kompleks untuk siswa MTs kelas VIII, (2) Mendeskripsikan efektifitas LKS teks prosedur kompleks untuk siswa MTs kelas VIII, dan (3) Mendeskripsikan kepraktisan LKS teks prosedur kompleks untuk siswa MTs kelas VIII. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D), yaitu survei pendahuluan, awal pengembangan prototipe, desain produk, validasi produk, revisi desain, dan deskripsi hasil penelitian. Subjek penelitian ini adalah bahan ajar LKS menulis teks prosedur kompleks. Sumber data validasi prototipe bahan ajar adalah guru bahasa indonesia kelas VIII dan ahli bahan ajar. Dari kedua orang ahli bahan ajar yang menilai bahan ajar LKS menulis teks prosedur kompleks, yaitu (1) aspek penyajian sampul (cover) dalam kategori “Baik”, (2) aspek isi/materi dari ahli bahan ajar mendapatkan skor rata-rata dalam kategori “Baik”, (3) aspek kebahasaan dan keterbacaan mendapatkan skor rata-rata dalam kategori “Baik”. Sedangkan dari ahli pengguna, dari (1) aspek sampul (cover) dari ahli pengguna mendapatkan skor rata-rata dalam kategori “Baik”, (2) aspek Isi/materi ahli pengguna mendapatkan skor rata-rata dalam kategori “Baik”, dan (3) aspek kebahasaan ahli pengguna mendapatkan skor rata-rata dalam kategori “Baik”.
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DAPAT MEMPENGARUHI PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP PRA REMAJA MENGHADAPI MENARCHE
Authors: Mualifah Laily , Pangastuti Nuring , Purwanta Purwanta 
Published: July 2019

Menarche and menstruation is a physiological process that can cause physical discomfort, emotional and anxiety. SDN in Cluster 3 and 4 Districts Nanggulan there were 10 grade 5 and 6 are not yet menarche say not know about menarche and menstruation and not knowing what to do when menstruation occurs. This happens because there is no health education about menstruation health in the scope of elementary school. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of health education with group discussion and lecture method to the knowledge, attitudes pre teens to face of menarche. Methods: This study is quasy-experiment with approaches pre test-post test control group design. Subjects were 5th and 6th grade students of elementary school at Cluster 3 and 4 Districts Nanggulan Kulon Progo with as many as 111 (discussion method,n = 55 and lecture method,n = 56) who met the inclusion criteria. The instrument used questionnaire. The sampling technique purposive sampling. Statistical test using Friedman test, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney Test. Results: Scores of knowledge and attitudes before and after treatment there were significant differences in group discussions and lectures with the p=0,00 (p <0.05). Increased knowledge and attitude scores in both groups were significantly different at p=0,00 dan p=0,02 (p <0.05). The increase in effective knowledge and attitude scores on the method of discussion on the first day, the third and fourteenth after health education. Conclusion: Health education with discussion method is more effective than lecture group in increasing knowledge and changing attitudes in the pra-puberty facing menarche.
Keywords: health education, group discussion method, menarche
Presencia de micotoxinas en preparados y colados comerciales para lactantes en el área metropolitana de Asunción, Paraguay
Authors: Arrúa Andrea Alejandra , Arrúa Pablo David , Mendes Juliana Moura , Ferreira Francisco Paulo , Fernández Ríos Danilo , Ulke María Gabriela , Quezada Martha Yolanda , Moreno Lara Josefina , Cazal Cinthia , Pereira Mónica Belén , Mellid Marcos , Peralta López Inocencia , Kholi Man Mohan 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: Las micotoxicosis son enfermedades producidas por micotoxinas, metabolitos secundarios tóxicos producidos por hongos filamentosos. Los lactantes son especialmente susceptibles a este tipo de toxinas debido a la inmadurez anatómica y funcional de sus sistemas digestivo e inmune, lo que se refleja en la relación entre la cantidad de alimento ingerida y su peso.
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos para lactantes comercializados en farmacias y supermercados del Área Metropolitana.
Materiales y métodos: Se colectaron al azar 66 unidades de productos de seis marcas diferentes de preparados y colados comerciales importados, dulces y salados, de farmacias y supermercados del Área Metropolitana. Posteriormente, fueron analizados mediante el ensayo de inmunoafinidad ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Se realizó el análisis de varianza y la posterior comparación de medias de las concentraciones de micotoxinas mediante la prueba de Tukey (IC= 95%), con el estadístico InfoStat®.
Resultados: Las micotoxinas prevalentes fueron aflatoxinas (AF) y Toxina T2, que se presentaron en 39% de las unidades muestrales analizadas, tanto en preparados como en colados. En tercer orden de importancia se encuentra ocratoxina A (OTA), detectada en 18% de las mismas. En cuarto lugar, deoxinivalenol (DON) se detectó en 4% los productos. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre los preparados y los colados, siendo los colados los que en media presentaron niveles más altos de concentraciones de todas las micotoxinas estudiadas.
Conclusiones: Se constataron niveles variables de AF, OTA, T2 y DON en los alimentos para lactantes comercializados en el Área Metropolitana. Los colados presentaron concentraciones más elevadas de micotoxinas en media en todos los productos analizados. Tanto AF como OTA superaron los límites máximos permitidos por las normas internacionales.
Correspondencia: Andrea Alejandra Arrúa Correo: aaarrua@gmail.com
Conflicto de interés: Man Mohan Kholi, asesor científico de la Cámara Paraguaya de Exportadores y Comercializadores de Cereales y Oleaginosas; los demás autores declaran no tener conflicto de interés.
Recibido: 30/03/2019 Aprobado: 17/07/2019
Ascaris Lumbricoides: complicaciones cardíacas y resolución quirúrgica de urgencia
Authors: Garay Nancy , Caballero Rocio , Alvarez Soledad , Meza Esther , Melgarejo Marcos , Bellasai José 
Published: July 2019

Introducción: La parasitosis intestinal por Geohelmintiasis es una de las Enfermedades Infecciosas Desatendidas (OMS), que afecta a poblaciones vulnerables. Existen factores predisponentes como: condiciones precarias de vivienda, bajos ingresos económicos y nivel educativo deficiente. De los helmintos, el Ascaris lumbricoides es el más grande nematodo intestinal en humanos -alcanza hasta 40 centímetros-. La presentación clínica depende del grado de infestación variando desde anemia, astenia, pérdida de peso, hasta invasión interna de órganos blancos como hígado, pulmones, cerebro y corazón en casos extremos. Caso Clínico: Niña de 16 meses de edad, con historia de fiebre prolongada y expulsión espontánea de parásitos por orificio naturales, que llega al servicio de urgencias con síntomas de shock cardiorrespiratorio. Se realiza Ecocardiográfía visualizándose imágenes de cuerpos extraños en forma de cintas y con movimientos espontáneos, compatibles con parásitos de localización cardíaca (2 en aurícula y ventrículo derecho y 1 cabalgando las arterias pulmonares); en el seguimiento ecocardiográfico se constatan múltiples trombos a lo largo del parásito localizado en aurícula derecha y, que dada la gravedad del cuadro se determinó su extracción quirúrgica de urgencia. Se extrajeron 4 parásitos adultos,y, coágulos adherido a uno de ellos. Discusión: El estudio parasitológico y anatomopatológico concluyó que correspondían a hembras adultas de Ascaris lumbricoides. Alta al 8° día post-operatorio en buenas condiciones. Aunque este caso fue exitoso, las complicaciones cardiacas e infecciones sistémicas graves, son de alta morbi-mortalidad, que pueden evitarse con programas de desparasitación y reducción de carga parasitaria mediante mejoras en el saneamiento ambiental y educación sanitaria. A nuestro conocimiento este es el primer caso reportado en el mundo, de extracción de Ascaris Lumbricoides formas adultas del Corazón humano.
Correspondencia: Garay Nancy Correo: nancygareche@hotmail.com
Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés
Recibido: 28/12/2018 Aceptado: 20/06/2019
Kajian Terhadap Kebijakan Pembangunan Infrakstruktur Jl. Gajahmada Mataram Dengan Metode Analityc Hierarchy Proses
Authors: Partono Agus , Wahyuningsih Titik 
Published: July 2019

Pembangunan infakstruktur Jalan Gajahmada Mataram yang baru saja selesai dilaksanakan, telah dirasakan manfaantnya, namun juga menimbulkan pro dan kontra karena kebijakan yang menetapkan desain elevasi permukaan jalan dan jembatan menjadi lebih tinggi mulai 50 CM sampai 3 meter dari kondisi semula.Dengan metode analytic hierarchy proses penentuan kebijakan tersebut dianalisis dan dinialai dari 8 kriteria yang lazim dipergunakan yaitu kriteria teknis (3), non teknis (4) dan biaya biaya (1). Penilaian melalui kuisioner oleh responden yang berasal dari tokoh masyarakat sekitar, pimpinan dari dinas PU (Bina Marga), para dosen pengampu bidang jalan raya, pimpinan asosiasi HPJI dan tenaga ahli konsultan yang sering merencanakan jalan.Hasil analisis perbandingan seluruh kriteria yang ditinjau diperoleh bahwa desain elevasi permukaan jalan tinggi lebih unggul dibanding dengan desain elevasi permukaan jalan rendah, hal ini ditunjukan dari hasil pembobotan untuk desain elevasi tinggi mencapai bobot sebesar (0,574), sementara bobot untuk desain elevasi rendah sebesar (0,426).
Adverse Vascular Risk Relates to Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Evidence of Axonal Injury in the Presence of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Authors: Osborn Katie E. , Alverio Jonathan M. , Dumitrescu Logan , Pechman Kimberly R. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Gifford Katherine A. , Hohman Timothy J. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Jefferson Angela L. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Vascular risk factors promote cerebral small vessel disease and neuropathological changes, particularly in white matter where large-caliber axons are located. How Alzheimer’s disease pathology influences the brain’s vulnerability in this regard is not well understood. Objective: Systemic vascular risk was assessed in relation to cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of neurofilament light, a biomarker of large-caliber axonal injury, evaluating for interactions by clinical and protein markers of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Among Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants with normal cognition ( n = 117), mild cognitive impairment ( n = 190), and Alzheimer’s disease ( n = 95), linear regression related vascular risk (as measured by the modified Framingham Stroke Risk Profile) to neurofilament light, adjusting for age, sex, education, and cognitive diagnosis. Interactions were assessed by cognitive diagnosis, and by cerebrospinal fluid markers of Aβ42, hyperphosphorylated tau, and total tau. Results: Vascular risk and neurofilament light were not related in the main effect model ( p = 0.08). However, interactions emerged for total tau ( p = 0.01) and hyperphosphorylated tau ( p = 0.002) reflecting vascular risk becoming more associated with cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light in the context of greater concentrations of tau biomarkers. An interaction also emerged for the Alzheimer’s disease biomarker profiles ( p = 0.046) where in comparison to the referent ‘normal’ biomarker group, individuals with abnormal levels of both Aβ42 and total tau showed stronger associations between vascular risk and neurofilament light. Conclusion: Older adults may be more vulnerable to axonal injury in response to higher vascular risk burdens in the context of concomitant Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
Orthostatic Hypotension: An Important Risk Factor for Clinical Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia. The Amsterdam Dementia Cohort
Authors: Kleipool Emma E.F. , Trappenburg Marijke C. , Rhodius-Meester Hannke F.M. , Lemstra Afina W. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Peters Mike J.L. , Muller Majon 
Published: July 2019

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has been cross-sectionally and longitudinally related to dementia in the general population. Whether OH contributes to clinical progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia is less certain. Also, differences in risk of progression between patients with early OH (EOH) versus delayed and/or prolonged OH (DPOH) are unclear. Objective: Assess the prevalence of EOH and DPOH, investigate the longitudinal association between EOH and DPOH and either incident MCI or dementia. Methods: 1,882 patients from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort [64±8 years; 43% female; n = 500 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), n = 341 MCI, n = 758 Alzheimer’s disease (AD), n = 49 vascular dementia (VaD), n = 146 frontotemporal dementia (FTD), n = 88 Lewy body dementia (DLB)]. Definition OH: systolic blood pressure (BP) drop≥20 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP drop≥10 mmHg at 1 and/or 3 minutes after standing. EOH: OH only at 1 minute, DPOH: OH at (1 and) 3 minutes. Results: Prevalence OH: 19% SCD, 28% MCI, 41% dementia. Compared to SCD, odds of having OH were highest in patients with VaD and DLB; ORs (95% CI) were 2.6 (1.4–4.7) and 5.1 (3.1–8.4), respectively. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 2.2 (1.4) years, 105 (22%) of SCD or MCI patients showed clinical progression. Compared to patients without OH, those with DPOH had an increased risk of progression; hazard ratio (95% CI) was 1.7 (1.1–2.7), and those with EOH did not; 0.8 (0.3–1.9). Conclusion: Compared to SCD, prevalence of OH was higher in MCI and highest in dementia, particularly in VaD and DLB. DPOH, more likely associated with autonomic dysfunction, is a risk factor for incident MCI or dementia.
Midlife Hypertension and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lennon Matthew J. , Makkar Steve R. , Crawford John D. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Hypertension is an established risk factor for stroke and vascular dementia but recent meta-analyses examining the association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and hypertension have found no significant association. These meta-analyses included short term studies starting in late life which may have obscured the real effect of midlife hypertension. Objective: To examine the association of AD with midlife hypertension, by including only studies with a sufficiently long follow up duration. Methods: Relevant studies were found by searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. Study outcomes were grouped by measures of blood pressure and definition of hypertension (e.g., systolic hypertension > 140 mmHg or > 160 mmHg). We assessed pooled effect estimates using random effects models and heterogeneity of pooled estimates through the I2 statistic. Results: Literature search found 3,426 publications of which 7 were eligible studies. There was a significant association between systolic hypertension (>160 mm Hg) and AD (HR 1.25, 95CI 1.06 – 1.47, p = 0.0065). Similarly, for systolic hypertension > 140 mm Hg, there was a smaller but still significant association (HR 1.18, 95CI 1.02 – 1.35, p = 0.021). For diastolic hypertension, all four studies found no significant associations between diastolic hypertension and AD, and these data could not be pooled due to heterogeneity in reporting. Conclusions: Our study found that midlife stage 1 and stage 2 systolic hypertension is associated with increased risk of AD by 18 and 25%, respectively, although no association was found for diastolic hypertension. It is likely that assertive control of systolic hypertension starting in midlife is important to preventing AD.
APOE ɛ4 Carriers Show Delayed Recovery of Verbal Memory and Smaller Entorhinal Volume in the First Year After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Werden Emilio , Khlif Mohamed Salah , Bird Laura J. , Cumming Toby , Bradshaw Jennifer , Khan Wasim , Pase Matthew , Restrepo Carolina , Veldsman Michele , Egorova Natalia , Patel Sheila K. , Gottlieb Elie , Brodtmann Amy 
Published: July 2019

Background: The apolipoprotein E ( APOE) gene ɛ4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease. However, its relationship with cognition and brain volume after stroke is not clear. Objective: We compared cognition and medial temporal lobe volumes in APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers in the first year after ischemic stroke. Methods: We sampled 20 APOE ɛ4 carriers and 20 non-carriers from a larger cohort of 135 ischemic stroke participants in the longitudinal CANVAS study. Participants were matched on a range of demographic and stroke characteristics. We used linear mixed-effect models to compare cognitive domain z-scores (attention, processing speed, executive function, verbal and visual memory, language, visuospatial function) and regional medial temporal lobe volumes (hippocampal, entorhinal cortex) between groups at each time-point (3, 12-months post-stroke), and within groups across time-points. APOE gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs7412, rs429358) were genotyped on venous blood. Results: APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers did not differ on any demographic, clinical, or stroke variable. Carriers performed worse than non-carriers in verbal memory at 3 months post-stroke ( p = 0.046), but were better in executive function at 12 months ( p = 0.035). Carriers demonstrated a significant improvement in verbal memory ( p = 0.012) and executive function ( p = 0.015) between time-points. Non-carriers demonstrated a significant improvement in visual memory ( p = 0.0005). Carriers had smaller bilateral entorhinal cortex volumes ( p < 0.05), and larger right sided and contralesional hippocampal volumes, at both time-points ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: APOE ɛ4 is associated with delayed recovery of verbal memory function and reduced entorhinal cortex volumes in the first year after ischemic stroke.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Indians: A Multiethnic Perspective from a Singaporean Study
Authors: Wong Mark Yu Zheng , Tan Chuen Seng , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Chen Christopher , Ikram M.K. , Cheng Ching-Yu , Hilal Saima 
Published: July 2019

Background: Dementia is the leading cause of dependency and disability among older persons worldwide. There remains, however, limited studies on dementia rates within the Asia-Pacific region, with little data on differences across major Asian ethnic groups. Objective: To study the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia in community-dwelling Indians from Singapore and to examine interethnic differences among Chinese, Malays, and Indians. Methods: Participants (>60 years) drawn from the Indian component of the multiethnic Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore (EDIS) study were screened using the locally validated Abbreviated Mental Test and Progressive Forgetfulness Questionnaire. Screen-positive participants underwent further detailed neuropsychological assessments. CI was classified into Cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND)-mild, CIND-moderate, and dementia. Results: Of 961 Indian adults, 120 (12.5%) had CIND-mild, 101 (10.5%) CIND-moderate, and 12 (1.2%) dementia. The overall age-standardized prevalence of any CI was 24.6%. The prevalence of any CI increased with age (15.7% in ages 60–64 years to 30.1% in ages≥80 years), and was higher in women than men. Multivariate analysis showed that age, lower education, and hypertension were independently associated with CI. Even after demographic and cardiovascular risk factor adjustment, Indians were more likely to be cognitively impaired compared to Chinese (odds ratio [OR], 95% CI:1.37 [ 1.01–1.86 ]) but not Malays (0.89 [0.72–1.10]). Conclusions: Among elderly Indians, the overall prevalence of any CI was 24.6%. Despite similar assessment protocols and risk factor adjustments, the prevalence of CI was higher in Indians compared to Chinese but similar to Malays. Further research is needed to unravel other factors that may underlie these ethnic differences.
Frailty in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smith Natalie , Brennan Laura , Gaunt Daisy M. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily 
Published: July 2019

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and frailty are two conditions that are increasingly common with advancing age, yet little is known about their relationship. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the co-occurrence of frailty in people with PD; to describe the measures used to assess frailty in PD, and assess the prevalence of frailty in subjects with PD. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of Pubmed and Embase in April 2018. Studies that assessed frailty in subjects with PD were included in the review and data was extracted on the prevalence of frailty in subjects with PD. Due to heterogeneity of studies a meta-analysis was not performed. Results: Eight studies were included in the review, of which 7 were cross-sectional and 1 a prospective cohort study. Mean age of participants with PD in the studies ranged from 66 to 85 years. The majority (6/8) used the 5-item, Fried criteria to measure frailty, with the remainder using index-based measures. 5 studies provided data on the prevalence of frailty in PD, which ranged from 29% to 67%. Conclusions: Few studies have quantified the prevalence of frailty in PD, but those that have suggest a high concurrence of these two conditions.