bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biliary tumorigenic effect on hypopharyngeal cells is significantly enhanced by pH reduction
Authors: Doukas Sotirios G. , Cardoso Bruno , Tower Jacob I. , Vageli Dimitra P. , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiliary reflux has been considered a potential risk factor in upper aerodigestive tract malignancies. It is not yet clearly known how pH affects the bile‐induced activation of NF‐κB and its related oncogenic pathway previously linked to hypopharyngeal carcinogenesis. In this study, repetitive applications of conjugated primary bile acids with unconjugated secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid (DCA), on human hypopharyngeal primary cells reveal that strongly acidic pH (4.0) optimally enhances the tumorigenic effect of bile, by inducing activation of NF‐κB, STAT3 nuclear translocation, bcl‐2 overexpression and significant overexpression of the oncogenic mRNA phenotype, compared to weakly acidic pH (5.5) or neutral pH (7.0). As the pH becomes less acidic the partially activated primary bile acids and activated DCA begin to exert their influence; however, with significantly less intensity compared to bile acids at strongly acidic pH. Our findings suggest that biliary tumorigenic effect is strongly pH dependent. Controlling pH during reflux events may be therapeutically effective in reducing the potential risk of bile‐induced hypopharyngeal cancer.
Embryonic stem cell microenvironment suppresses the malignancy of cutaneous melanoma cells by down‐regulating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wang Chenjie , Wang Xiaoran , Liu Jiahui , Huang Zheqian , Li Chaoyang , Liu Ying , Sang Xuan , Yang Liu , Wang Shoubi , Su Yaru , Liu Chengxiu , Liu Yizhi , Wang Zhichong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMalignant cancer cells engage in a dynamic reciprocity with the tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor growth, development, and resistance to therapy. Early embryonic blastocyst microenvironments can reverse the tumorigenic phenotype of malignant cancer cells via ameliorating of TME. It is potential to apply embryonic stem cell (ESC) microenvironment to suppress the malignant behaviors of cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate a better method and the mechanism of ESC microenvironment supplied by ESCs on suppressing the malignancy of cutaneous melanoma cells. Cutaneous melanoma cell line A2058 were cultured and divided into four groups: (a) A2058‐only (Control); (b) A2058 and ESCs continuously co‐cultured (Group One); (c) A2058 co‐cultured with daily refreshed ESCs (Group two); (d) Group one with VO‐Ohpic, inhibitor of PTEN (VO‐Ohpic Group). The results showed that, compared to control group, A2058 cells in group one exhibited decreased cellular proliferation, migration, invasiveness and vasculogenic mimicry concomitant with an increase in cell apoptosis, accompanied by down‐regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Besides, the above mentioned anti‐tumor effects on A2058 cells were significantly enhanced in group two but statistically weakened after administration of VO‐Ohpic compared to group one. We demonstrate that ESC microenvironment reduces the malignancy of A2058 by down‐regulating PI3K/AKT pathway. Notably, such anti‐tumor effects can be enhanced by appropriately increasing the quality and quantity of ESCs in co‐culture system. Our results suggest that ESC microenvironment could be an effective and safe approach to treating cancer.
Yet another low‐level agent handler
Authors: Nunnari Fabrizio , Heloir Alexis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractYALLAH is a framework for the creation of real‐time interactive virtual humans. Its production pipeline supports the continuous, parallel development of both the character and the software, and allows users for the deployment of a new character in a few hours of work. YALLAH is based on freely available software, mostly open‐source, and its modular software architecture provides a framework for the seamless integration of new features. Finally, thanks to transpilation, the whole framework is conceived to accommodate multiple game engines.
Impact of Substitution Registry on the Receptor‐Activation Profiles of Backbone‐Modified Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Analogues
Authors: Cary Brian P. , Hager Marlies V. , Gellman Samuel H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFamily B G protein‐coupled receptors play important physiological roles and possess large extracellular domains (ECDs) that aid in binding the long polypeptide hormones that are their natural agonists. We have previously shown that agonist analogues in which subsets of native α‐amino acid residues are replaced with β‐amino acid residues can retain activity while avoiding proteolytic degradation. This study focuses on eight new α/β analogues of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) that each contain five α‐to‐β replacements in the C‐terminal half of the peptide. This portion of GLP‐1 is known to adopt an α‐helical conformation and contact the ECD. All four registries of the αααβ backbone pattern were evaluated; previous work has shown that the αααβ pattern supports adoption of an α‐helix‐like conformation. Two α‐to‐β replacement formats were employed, one involving β3 homologues of the native residues replaced and the other involving a cyclic β residue. GLP‐1R response was characterized in terms of stimulation of cAMP production and β‐arrestin recruitment. Some of the backbone‐modified GLP‐1 analogues display biased agonism of the GLP‐1R. This study helps to establish the scope of the α→β backbone modification strategy.
Transradial access: A case for knowledge translation
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Lamelas Pablo M. 
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Current transradial access (TRA) practices are unknown in the United States and the rest of the world.
There is a decline in preprocedure collateral assessment, low use of ultrasound, and infrequent radial patency check after hemostasis.
Significant knowledge–practice gaps exist in TRA calling for more dissemination and education.
Pedal access: Put the “pedal to the metal” or drive with caution?
Authors: Ansel Gary M. , Silver Mitchel J. 
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Pedal artery access is associated with few acute complications.
Pedal access differs from radial access by often being and associated with the atherosclerotic process being treated.
Long‐term patency of pedal artery access is necessary before routine adoption.
Atomic‐Scale Insights into Electrode Surface Dynamics by High‐Speed Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Magnussen Olaf M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAtomic‐scale processes at electrode surfaces in liquid electrolytes are central elemental steps of electrochemical reactions. Detailed insights into the structure of these interfaces can be obtained with in situ scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopy. By increasing the time resolution of these methods into the millisecond range, highly dynamic processes at electrode surfaces become directly observable. This review gives an overview of in situ studies with video‐rate scanning probe microscopy techniques. Firstly, quantitative investigations into the dynamic behaviour of individual adsorbed atoms and molecules are described. These reveal a complex dependence of adsorbate surface diffusion on potential and co‐adsorbed species and provide data on adsorbate–adsorbate and adsorbate–substrate interactions in a liquid environment. Secondly, results on collective dynamic phenomena are discussed, such as molecular self‐assembly, the dynamics of nanoscale structures, nucleation and growth, and surface restructuring due to phase‐formation processes.
Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of α‐Branched Aldehydes through Formal Cycloaddition with Homophthalic Anhydrides
Authors: Farid Umar , Aiello Maria Luisa , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new catalytic methodology was developed to promote an efficient one‐pot kinetic resolution of racemic aldehydes with selectivity (s*) of up to 91 (99:1 d.r., >99 % ee) in a cycloaddition reaction with enolizable anhydrides to afford dihydroisocoumarin products (a core prevalent in natural products and molecules of medicinal interest) containing three contiguous stereocentres.
Polyoxygenated Tertiary Alcohols: A Kiyooka Approach
Authors: Lücke Daniel , Kalesse Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA Kiyooka aldol approach for the stereoselective synthesis of tertiary alcohols is presented. This approach allows for the incorporation of different substituents at all three remaining positions at the chiral center bearing the tertiary alcohol. To demonstrate the validity of this approach different chiral alcohols were depicted and the relationship of double bond geometry of the ketene acetal and the diastereoselectivity was established.
Einsatz von perowskitischen Hohlfasermembranen in einem Mikrowellenplasma
Authors: Buck Frederic , Kistner Irina , Rösler Christoph , Schulz Andreas , Walker Matthias , Tovar Günter E. M. , Schiestel Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Kombination eines Separations‐ mit einem Plasmaprozess wurde erstmals erfolgreich getestet. Dabei wird der Sauerstoff mittels einer gemischtleitenden Perowskit‐Membran abgetrennt. Im Plasma konnten bei 1 kW Permeationen bis zu 2,24 mL min−1cm−2 erreicht werden. Zudem gelang es, entsprechende Perowskit‐Membranen als Hohlfasern mit sehr guter CO2‐Stabilität herzustellen. Dabei zeigten die Hohlfasern eine konstante Permeation über mehr als 200 h. Des Weiteren konnte ein Spinnverfahren mit einem schwefelfreien Polymerbinder etabliert werden.
Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between the Fixed‐Dose Combinations of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in Healthy Adult Participants
Authors: Feng Hwa‐Ping , Guo Zifang , Fandozzi Christine , Panebianco Deborah , Caro Luzelena , Wolford Dennis , Dreyer Daniel P. , Valesky Robert , Martinho Monika , Rizk Matthew L. , Iwamoto Marian , Yeh Wendy W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTreatment of individuals coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) requires careful consideration of potential drug‐drug interactions. The pharmacokinetic interaction of the HCV fixed‐dose combination treatment of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) when coadministered with the fixed‐dose combination HIV treatment of elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (EVG/COB/TDF/FTC) was evaluated in 22 healthy adults. In period 1, oral doses of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC (150 mg/150 mg/300 mg/200 mg) were administered once daily for 7 days. In period 2, oral doses of EBR/GZR (50 mg/100 mg) were administered once daily for 10 days. In period 3, oral doses of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC were coadministered with EBR/GZR once daily for 10 days. The pharmacokinetics of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC were not clinically meaningfully altered by concomitant EBR/GZR administration. Geometric mean ratios (90%CIs) for area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to 24 hours (AUC0‐24) in the presence/absence of EBR/GZR were 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) for elvitegravir; 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) for emtricitabine; 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) for tenofovir; and 1.5 (1.4, 1.6) for cobicistat. In comparison, the AUC0‐24 of elbasvir was ∼2 times higher and the AUC0‐24 of grazoprevir was ∼5 times higher following concomitant administration of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC and EBR/GZR. Geometric mean ratios (90%CI) for AUC0‐24 in the presence/absence of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC were 2.2 (2.0, 2.4) for elbasvir and 5.4 (4.5, 6.4) for grazoprevir. Coadministration of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC and EBR/GZR was generally well tolerated in healthy adults in this study. Nevertheless, because of the increased GZR exposure that occurs with coadministration of EVG/COB/TDF/FTC and EBR/GZR, coadministration of this combination is not recommended in those coinfected with HIV and HCV.
Accelerated Durability Test for High‐Surface‐Area Oxyhydroxide Nickel Supported on Raney Nickel as Catalyst for the Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Delgado Dario , Bizzotto Francesco , Zana Alessandro , Arenz Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate a fit‐for‐purpose accelerated durability test (ADT) of a high‐surface‐area catalyst for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Using an automatized electrochemical setup enabled us to run a complex ADT protocol including online detection of the effective solution resistance as well as linear voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, cyclic galvanograms, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 55 h in total. Using this protocol, we tested the service life stability of a nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOx) catalyst based on Raney Ni. The catalyst was prepared by growing nickel oxyhydroxide on high‐surface‐area Raney Ni and subsequent formation of the active phase. The successful synthesis of the active NiOx phase is supported by cyclic voltammetry and Raman spectroscopy. The as prepared and activated Raney NiOx exhibits an overpotential for the OER of 304 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1 and roughness factors as high as 4515 determined by EIS during OER. By concentrating for the ADT protocol on current densities relevant for coupling water electrolysis to photovoltaics, it is demonstrated that Raney NiOx is a promising anode material candidate as it is earth abundant and its active phase exhibits high OER activity as well as stability.
Association between blood pressure and postoperative hematomas in the patients undergoing head and neck cancer reconstruction
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Ying , Yang Kuo‐Chung , Su Fang‐Yi , Chen Yu‐Ching , Hsieh Yu‐Hsuan , Huang Shiao‐Lin , Liu Wen‐Chung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative hematoma is one of the most common complications of free flap reconstruction and compromises the perfusion of pedicles and perforators. Therefore, we reviewed our patients to analyze the associated risk factors.MethodThis study involved a retrospective chart review from 2014 to 2016. We identified the patients undergoing free flap reconstructions for head and neck cancer. Patients with postoperative hematoma requiring surgical intervention were included.ResultWe enlisted 289 patients undergoing head and neck reconstructions. Eighteen patients (6.2%) had postoperative hematomas of which 12 hematomas occurred within the first 3 days and 9 in the first 24 hours. Elevated systolic blood pressure increased the risk of hematoma formation, but hematoma was not associated with higher failure rate. Tachycardia was observed in the patients with hematoma.ConclusionsTransient elevated blood pressure increased the risk of hematoma. We suggest controlling systolic blood pressure below 150 mm Hg for prevention of hematoma.
An enhanced transient solver with dynamic p‐adaptation and multirate time integration for electromagnetic and multiphysics simulations
Authors: Yan Su , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an enhanced discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain (DGTD) solver for the simulation of both pure electromagnetic (EM) and multiphysics problems. By exploring the local variation of the physics, the polynomial expansion order of the physical quantity of interest is allowed to be adjusted locally and dynamically during the real time of a simulation, leading to a dynamic p‐adaptation technique that can provide a sufficient spatial resolution whenever and wherever needed while keeping the computational cost low. On top of the dynamic adaptation, the constraint of the time step size by an explicit time integration method is alleviated through the application of a multirate time integration (MTI) technique, which permits different time step sizes in elements with different sizes and polynomial orders. Together with the dynamic adaptation and MTI techniques, the enhanced DGTD method is both accurate and efficient in space and time and is employed in the numerical investigations of EM and multiphysics problems to demonstrate its performance and application.
Timing of Dysphagia Screening in Alzheimer's Dementia
Authors: Özsürekci Cemile , Arslan Selen Serel , Demir Numan , Çalışkan Hatice , Şengül Ayçiçek Gözde , Kılınç Hasan Erkan , Yaşaroğlu Ömer Faruk , Kızılarslanoğlu Cemal , Tuna Doğrul Rana , Balcı Cafer , Sümer Fatih , Karaduman Ayşe , Yavuz Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Halil Meltem Gülhan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is an important and frequent symptom in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We hypothesized that dysphagia could be seen in the early stages of AD and sarcopenia presence rather than the severity of the AD affecting dysphagia. The main aim of this study was to investigate swallowing functions in AD patients according to stages. The second aim was to investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and dysphagia in AD.MethodsThis study involved 76 probable AD patients. For all participants, diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on definitions from the revised version of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People at 2018. Dysphagia symptom severity was evaluated by the Turkish version of the Eating Assessment Tool, a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed for instrumental evaluation of swallowing. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale as CDR 1 (mild dementia), CDR 2 (moderate dementia), and CDR 3 (severe dementia). Swallowing evaluation parameters were analyzed between these groups.ResultsMean age was 78.9 ± 6.4 years, and 56.4% were female. Twenty‐six patients had mild dementia, 31 patients had moderate dementia, 19 patients had severe dementia (CDR 3). We found that sarcopenia rates were similar between AD stages according to CDR in our study population and dysphagia could be seen in every stage of AD. In a multivariate analysis, polypharmacy and sarcopenia were found to be independently associated factors for dysphagia, irrespective of stage of AD (OR: 6.1, CI: 1.57‐23.9, P = 0.009; OR: 4.9, CI: 1.24‐19.6, P = 0.023, respectively).ConclusionAspirations may be subtle so that AD patients and caregivers may not be aware of swallowing difficulties. Therefore, all AD patients, especially those who have polypharmacy and/or sarcopenia (probable‐sarcopenia‐severe sarcopenia), should be screened for dysphagia in every stage.
Adherence to surgical and oncologic standards improves survival in breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhao Beiqun , Tsai Catherine , Hunt Kelly K. , Blair Sarah L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to evidence‐based standards can lead to improved outcomes for patients with breast cancer. However, adherence rates to standards and their effects on patient outcomes are unknown.ObjectivesTo examine adherence rates to standards compiled by the American College of Surgeons Clinical Research Program and its effects on patient outcomes.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database (2004‐2015), we identified cohorts of breast cancer patients: clinical T1N0M0 under age of 70 (cT1), clinical T2N0M0 or T3N0M0 (cT2/3), and clinical M0 and pathologic N2 or N3 (pN2/3). Standards included negative margins, any adjuvant therapy, and two or more lymph nodes (LNs) examined (for cT1 or cT2/3 patients) or more than 10 LNs examined (for pN2/3 patients). We performed Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis.ResultsWe identified 318 853 (65.0%) cT1, 164 593 (67.3%) cT2/3, and 77 626 (67.7%) pN2/3 patients who met the standards. More than 90% of patients had negative margins and adjuvant therapy, but less than 80% met LN standards. The median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer for patients who met the standards. Individual components of the standards were predictors of improved OS.ConclusionsOne‐third of patients did not meet the evidence‐based standards in their treatment for breast cancer. Efforts to improve the knowledge of and adherence to these standards should be emphasized.
The impact of unplanned excisions of truncal/extremity soft tissue sarcomas: A multi‐institutional propensity score analysis from the US Sarcoma Collaborative
Authors: Zaidi Mohammad Y. , Ethun Cecilia G. , Liu Yuan , Poultsides George , Howard J. Harrison , Mogal Harveshp , Tseng Jennifer , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Fields Ryan C. , Cardona Kenneth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to compare outcomes in patients who underwent unplanned excisions (UE) of soft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) against patients with planned excisions (PE).MethodsThe retrospective 7‐institution US Sarcoma Collaborative database was used. Patients with curative‐intent resection of truncal/extremity STS between 2000 and 2016 were included. Propensity score weighting analysis (PSWA) was performed. Endpoints were locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsOne thousand five hundred and ninety‐six patients were included. Eighty‐two percent (n = 1315) underwent PE and 18% (n = 281) underwent UE. Compared with PE, patients with UE were younger with smaller tumors with similar tumor grade. Unmatched analysis revealed PE was associated with worse DMFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.95, P = .009) and DSS (HR 1.78, P = .039), but not LRFS compared with UE. On PSWA, UE had earlier LRFS (3‐year LRFS: 80.5% vs 89.8%, P = .039), but not DMFS or DSS. By grade, patients with high‐grade tumors and UE had worse LRFS (1‐year LRFS: 90% vs 94%, P = .015), but similar DMFS and DSS compared with PE. In low‐grade patients, UE and PE had similar LRFS, DMFS, or DSS.ConclusionsUE of STS is not associated with worse prognosis compared to PE, though UE is associated with earlier locoregional recurrence in patients with high‐grade tumors. Multimodality therapy is needed to achieve improved outcomes in these patients.
Monotonicity and conformality in multicommodity network‐flow problems
Authors: Ciurria‐Infosino Iara , Granot Daniel , Granot Frieda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to develop a monotonicity theory for the important class of minimum convex‐cost parametric multicommodity network‐flow problems defined over directed graphs. The results allow us to determine when it is possible to predict, without numerical computations, the direction of change of optimal multicommodity flows resulting from changes in arc‐commodity parameters. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions that for every cost function satisfying some convexity and submodularity assumptions there always exists an optimal multicommodity flow for which the flow of a commodity in a given arc a is nondecreasing (resp., nonincreasing) in the parameter of a distinct commodity in arc b. These conditions are that either (1) there are only two commodities and the underlying undirected graph is series‐parallel or (2) there are three or more commodities and the graph is 2‐isomorphic to a suspension graph. A characterization of the precise pairs of arcs for which the above monotonicity result holds is also provided.