bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric chemosynthesis may enable colonization of the driest place on Earth
Authors: Moore Rachel , Boy Diana , Boy Jens , Horn Marcus , Guggenberger Georg , Azua-Bustos Armando , Carr Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Diverse microbiota inhabit some of Earth's most extreme arid regions, enduring in environments where survival seems improbable. Despite numerous reports of microorganisms across the Atacama Desert—the oldest and driest desert on Earth—our understanding of how they adapt to extreme conditions in its hyperarid core remains limited. Prior systematic studies of the hyper-arid core have relied upon targeted gene sequencing (e.g., 16S rDNA), limiting inference of microbial community structure and function. Here we show that a diverse core group of microbes can be found in the hyperarid core, enabled by processing of large sample volumes linked to low-input metagenomic sequencing of 50 soil samples along a 450 km south-north transect. Linking gene function to soil geochemistry revealed a tipping point related to potential adaptive strategies. Our findings challenge the notion that microbial activity in the hyperarid core is predominantly transient. Among the diversity of metabolic pathways detected, we found evidence of gene circuits that encode proteins capable of using atmospheric trace gases to produce metabolic water and generate energy. Growing evidence of this previously under-recognized capability may extend the known range of habitability for soil microbial communities, with implications for the search for life beyond Earth, such as on Mars or arid exoplanets.
When superfluidity meets superconductivity - extraction of 3He isotope from liquid helium
Authors: Kempiński Wojciech , Banat Piotr , Kempiński Mateusz , Trybuła Zbigniew , Niechciał Jakub , Chorowski Maciej , Poliński Jarosław , Chołast Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The world needs clean energy. One of the most promising ways of producing it in large amounts is the helium3-deuterium (3He-D) fusion reaction. Although there are numerous sources of 3He on Earth, most of them are either difficult to access or unprofitable to operate. The main problem underlying the shortage of 3He is the lack of an effective method of obtaining this isotope. Here we report the results of quantum filtration of 3He from liquid helium in a superfluid state (below the λ-transition), with the use of an entropy filter made of a high-temperature superconductor YBCO-123. During the operation of so-called fountain effect generated with this filter, unlike the other filters, we observed a strong increase of 3He concentration downstream, where only pure 4He was expected. This effect occurred due to the unique combination of two quantum phenomena –superfluidity and superconductivity, leading to the observation of a low-temperature rectification-like process. This process would be considerably more economical than filtration, as rectification could be operated above the λ-transition. Moreover, micro-superconductors could be applied also to the extraction of deuterium, thus allowing the same method to be used for both crucial components of the 3He-D fusion. This method should be easy to upscale and could be used in space (with less energy input) as 3He, the crucial isotope for future energy, is also sought beyond the Earth.
Thermophysical Properties of Composite Cork at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Bicelli Antonio Renato , Cantor Pedro , Arruda Mario Rui Tiago , Tiago Carlos , Duarte António Pedro Carones , Branco Fernando , Trindade Joanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study presents an investigation into the numerical and experimental evaluation of a cork board submitted to ISO–834 nominal fire curve within a controlled industrial furnace. The research involves the measurement of surface temperatures during the testing process. The temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of cork were obtained through an inverse analysis procedure, utilizing experimental data for calibration. Afterwards, a two-dimensional numerical model, employing the conventional finite element method, is used to conduct a thermal transient non-linear analysis. The model validates the thermal outcomes obtained from the experimental campaign, thereby confirming the accuracy of temperature vs. time curves. The simulation of heat transfer on the fire contact surface incorporates convection and radiation boundary conditions. Finally, the evaluation of the cork as a fireproof material demonstrates promising merit. It is fair to argue that there is a justification for exploring cork as a potential candidate for an effective renewable insulation material under elevated temperature scenarios.
Keywords: Composite Cork; Transient Thermal Analysis; Inverse Analysis; Finite Element Method.
Machine learning-enabled inverse design of bioinspired layered composite structures with maximum auxetic performances
Authors: Fan Yin , Li Yuze , Li Rui , Zheng Zhouyu , Shen Hui-Shen , Chen Xiuhua , Wen Minhua , Lin Xinhua , Yu Woong-Ryeol , Wang Yeqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Auxetic behaviors in the through-thickness direction are observed in biostructures consisting of multiple composite layers, such as the lamellae of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral discs of the spine. This auxetic architecture can be generalized as a layered composite structure (LCS) with an out-of-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) achieved by tailoring the layups. The auxetic mechanism in these LCSs is fundamentally different from that in conventional auxetic metamaterials, which are typically designed based on geometry or flaws. To fully understand this auxetic mechanism and identify the layups that correspond to the minimum NPR for potential maximum performance enhancements, an innovative inverse design process was developed. This process utilizes a multi-start resampling algorithm aided by machine learning (ML). A key finding was the identification of three categories of layup configurations - 4K,2K+1, and 4K+2 - based on the distribution of minimum NPRs. Additionally, both experimental and numerical methods were employed to explore the strain mismatch that underpins the auxetic mechanism. The ML-assisted inverse design presents an efficient method for optimizing similar LCSs, while the discovery of the strain-driven NPR mechanism opens new avenues for the design and application of auxetically architectured structures.
Prediction model of bolt tightening pre-tightening force based on mechanism and data fusion
Authors: Qiao Yueqi , Zhao Bing , Deng Dingshan , Ouyang Weijin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In response to the difficulty in predicting the change of pre-tightening force when using torque method to load bolt, this paper proposes a bolt pre-tightening force prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion calculation for hexagonal end face bolt, and establishes a tightening prediction model based on machine learning method. Firstly, a tightening mechanism model of any structural bolt is established, revealing the reasons why pre-tightening force is difficult to predict and errors cannot be eliminated. Secondly, sensitivity evaluation indicator is established to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis on the mechanism model, and the fusion method of “mechanism model guiding data model to perform feature selection” is determined. Finally, a bolt tightening prediction model based on Gaussian Process Regression is proposed, and corresponding engineering prediction software is established. The experimental results show that this prediction model can not only predict the variation of pre-tightening force with torque, but also synchronously display the confidence interval of pre-tightening force fluctuation in a probabilistic sense. Under different external conditions, the prediction results can still maintain good consistency with the experimental results. The prediction model breaks through the limitation of traditional method, which calculates the torque coefficient and indirectly loads the pre-tightening force. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of pre-tightening force and determine the error size.
The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of polyester filament-TPU composite fabric membranes under high and low temperature environments
Authors: Wang Qianxu , Zhao Jinlong , Chen Wujun , Ren Wangjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

With the advancement in the field of membrane structures, the development of new materials and innovative structures suitable for both high and low temperature environments has become a primary direction for future growth. This paper investigates the uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of the newly developed polyester filament-TPU composite fabric membrane (PF-TPU) under high and low temperature conditions. Additionally, numerical simulation was conducted on the self-designed rapidly deployable inflatable membrane structure tent. The study has yielded the relationship between the mechanical properties of the membrane material and temperature variations, as well as a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of the structural design. The results indicate that the PF-TPU membrane material possesses high tensile strength, with both the warp and weft directions, denoted as σuMD and σuTD, exhibiting tensile strengths greater than 200 kN/m at room temperature (25°C). As the temperature increases, both the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the membrane material gradually decrease. The constitutive relationship curves of the membrane material in both the warp and weft directions exhibit a distinct three-stage characteristic. Inflatable membrane structure tents that can be quickly deployed and retracted can withstand the effects of wind and snow loads in high and low temperature environments. Adding external supports can further enhance the stability of the structure. Taking the wind load application and restoration to stability as an example, the internal pressure is beneficial in the first two stages, and in the final stage, the structure can be adjusted appropriately to be in the optimal stress state.
Villin like suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation by downregulating MYC.
Authors: Wen Yueting , Zhou Ziying , Zhou Yibo , Huang Zhongxi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The initial manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are subtle and imperceptible, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic alternatives among Southeast Asian populations. Deletion of chromosome 3p is a commonly observed genetic alteration in NPC. In our endeavor to elucidate the key genes and pathways driving NPC growth, we have discovered that Villin like (VILL), located at 3p22.2, functions as a novel tumor suppressor gene (TSG) with significantly diminished expression levels in NPC. This finding underscores the tremendous potential of VILL as an unexplored molecule warranting further investigation. Overexpressing VILL effectively inhibits proliferation by inducing G1 phase arrest in NPC cells while its knockdown yields contrasting effects on cell growth regulation. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that VILL targets MYC. Knockdown of VILL and overexpression of MYC significantly enhance proliferation in an immortal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69. Moreover, we are the first to report that VILL plays a tumor suppressive role in NPC. Consequently, VILL emerges as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate for NPC.
Exploring the Influence of Sustainable Innovation Quotients on Sustainable Development: Mediating Effects of Technological Complementarity and Moderating Influences of Institutional Quality
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Shaheen Wasim Abbas , Shafi Noman , Shah Syed Afzal Moshadi , Fatima Noureen , Al-Naim Abdullah Faisal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In the face of significant global challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation, resource depletion, and food security, urgent solutions are required to secure the future of societies. This study examines the combined effects of Sustainable Innovation Quotient (SIQ) factors on Sustainable Development (SD), offering valuable insights into how sustainability can be designed and implemented to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of Technological Complementarity (TC) and the moderating influence of Institutional Quality (IQ). Using secondary data from 143 countries spanning from 2000 to 2023, sourced from reliable databases like WDI, OECD, and GEM, the research analyzed a wide range of sustainability-related indicators. Quantitative panel data was organized in Excel 365 and analyzed using STATA-17. Descriptive statistics provided an overview of the data, while VIF and correlation matrix tests assessed associations and multicollinearity among independent variables. Diagnostic tests confirmed the validity and reliability of the data, and GMM analysis was employed to test hypotheses. The results confirmed that SIQ significantly enhances SD, with TC serving as a key mediator in this relationship. Additionally, IQ was found to be a crucial moderator that strengthens the link between TC and SD, further amplifying SD outcomes. These findings underscore the importance for institutions and policymakers to focus on advancing SIQ and allocating resources toward complementary technologies to ensure a sustainable future for upcoming generations.
Enhancing the Toughness of High-Entropy Carbide Ceramic (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C through Composite B4C
Authors: She Yunfeng , Lian Min , Ma Shuailing , Li Wei , Li Hao , Hu Kaiping , Feng Junming , Zhao Xingbin , Qi Mengyao , Chen Wang , Zhang Songpeng , Jiang Hao , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The high-entropy carbide ceramic (HEC) (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature stability. However, lower than desired toughness limits its widespread application. In this paper, B4C/(TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C HEC with different molar ratios of B4C were prepared by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method (P = 5 GPa, T = 2000 ℃). The results indicate that the toughness of the composite high-entropy carbide ceramics (HEC + B4C composite) initially increases and then decreases with the increase of B4C content, with the maximum toughness being approximately 2 times that of (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C while the hardness remains unchanged (KIC = 11.4 MPa·m1/2, HV = 22.15 GPa). The difference in the strength of chemical bonds between B4C and (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C in the HEC + B4C composite leads to the formation of heterogeneous distribution of mechanical properties, introducing significant crack deflection, crack branching, and bridging. This effectively disperses the stress at the crack tip, consumes fracture energy, and improves the toughness of the samples. This study provides a significant contribution to the understanding how to balance the hardness and toughness of HEC.
A real-world study of denosumab-related hypocalcaemia based on the US food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Zhang Nanxin , Fang Xinyu , Lin Yiming , Li Qiang , Zhang Wenming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Review and discuss the risk factors for denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia through the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)database.
Methods
Using the FAERS database from January 2010 to December 2023, we selected "hypocalcaemia" as the preferred term, "denosumab" as the targeted drug. We used the reporting odds ratio (ROR) based on disproportionality analysis to assess the association between the drug and adverse events. Logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for hypocalcaemia. Subgroups were based on dosage, indications, age, gender, and presence of chronic kidney disease. The onset time and the distribution were evaluated.
Results
We identified 2395 cases of denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia after removing duplicates. The odds ratio (OR) for patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) was 4.21 (1.62–9.01), 2.38(1.99–2.83) for males, and 3.22 (2.06–5.24) for Xgeva(120mg-denosumab) compared to Prolia(60mg-denosumab). The tumor-related group had a 7.11-fold (5.13–10.15) increased risk, while the osteoporosis group had a 5.67-fold (3.25–10.27) increased risk. The adolescent group had a 3.28-fold (1.68–5.96) increased risk, while the elderly group showed a 0.82-fold(0.70–0.96) decreased risk. The median onset of hypocalcaemia with elderly patients was 16 days (7-62) and longer than the patients age from 18 to 65 (12days(5.75‐35),P < 0.05). The onset primarily occurs within two weeks after treatment except for the patients with CKD, whose onset had a constant incidence over time.
Conclusion
Xgeva, adolescents, males, tumor-related indications, and presence of chronic kidney disease were risk factors for denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia. Extended monitoring is recommended for patients with elderly age and CKD.
Temporal Trends and Socioeconomic Status of Injury-Related Hospitalizations in Taiwan from 1998 To 2015
Authors: Sung Chieh , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Sun Chien-An , Tsao Chang-Huei , Ng Daphne Yih , Weng Tsu-Hsuan , Fann Li-Yun , Lin Fu-Huang , Chien Wu-Chien 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the causes of hospitalization, injury characteristics, healthcare utilization, and hospitalization outcomes across different economic status groups.
Methods
We utilized data from the 1998–2015 National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, linking the "Inpatient Expenditures by Admissions" (DD), "Registry for Medical Facilities" (HOSB), and "Registry for Beneficiaries" (ID) files. Cases with ICD-9-CM N codes and E codes indicating injury were selected for analysis, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0.
Results
This study analyzed 4,647,058 hospitalized injury patients from the 1998–2015 NHIRD. Among these patients, 144,793 (3.12%) had an insured amount of less than 18,000 NTD, 3,444,102 (74.11%) had an insured amount between 18,000 and 34,999 NTD, and 1,058,163 (22.77%) had an insured amount of 35,000 NTD or higher. The leading causes of hospitalization were traffic accidents (E800-E848) and falls (E880-E888). Multivariate logistic regression showed that male patients had a 1.050-fold higher risk of longer hospital stays compared to females (AOR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.046–1.055, p < 0.001). Patients aged 65 years and older had a 2.717-fold higher risk of longer hospital stays compared to those under 5 years old (AOR = 2.717, 95% CI: 2.672–2.762, p < 0.001). Patients with junior high school education or lower had a 1.459-fold higher risk of repeated hospitalization compared to those with university education or higher (AOR = 1.459, 95% CI: 1.015-1.900, p = 0.036). Divorced patients had a 1.903-fold higher risk of repeated hospitalization (AOR = 1.903, 95% CI: 1.045–2.121, p = 0.006).
Conclusion
This study identified traffic accidents and falls as the leading causes of injury-related hospitalizations in Taiwan, with significant disparities across SES groups. Male patients, older adults, and individuals from lower SES backgrounds were at greater risk of prolonged hospital stays and higher rates of repeated inpatient. Lower SES patients often faced financial constraints, potentially leading to early discharge and suboptimal treatment. To effectively reduce the burden of injuries, targeted prevention efforts should focus on high-risk populations, particularly those vulnerable to traffic accidents and falls. Enhancing healthcare management, improving medical treatment capabilities, and addressing healthcare disparities are crucial for reducing injury incidence, hospitalization costs, and mortality, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
Study on the Mechanical Properties Equivalence of High-Temperature Red Sandstone and Neural Network Prediction
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Qin Mingze , Qin Nan , Sun Tianxiang , Zhang Dongxu , Ji Pizhi , Wang Yongyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Post-disaster assessment is an important problem in engineering field, and cooling methods after high temperature are important factors to be considered.
Purpose
In order to explore the damage characteristics of red sandstone after heat impact, and realize the damage assessment and quantization.
Methods
Red sandstone specimens were heated respectively at temperature ranging from 200℃ to 700℃, and were cooled by air or water. In addition, a improved Nishihara model was used to construct a constitutive model of heat impact damage and validated using a neural network model.
Results
The test results indicate that: the peak strength of the red sandstone is bounded by 400℃, which is first increased and then decreases. And the strength of the water-cooled samples are less than that of the air-cooled samples. Both the improved Nishihara model and neural network model have high correlation coefficients and can achieve the damage assessment under different temperature and cooling rates.
Conclusions
There is a temperature threshold, so that the peak strength first increases and then decreases. The cooling rate will enhance the heat impact damage and aggravate the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties. The improved Nishihara model and neural network model can achieve damage prediction.
Shared Cognitive Processes of Language and Numerical Cognition: A Tale of Two Routes
Authors: Andras Filip , Macizo Pedro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We propose two shared processes in language and numerical cognition: memory retrieval (related to the lexical route in language and arithmetic facts retrieval in arithmetic) and analytical procedures (related to the sublexical route in language and counting/transformation procedures in arithmetic). To empirically evaluate this theoretical framework, participants completed five language tasks (i.e., a lexical decision task, three reading-aloud tasks, and a homophone decision task) and two arithmetic tasks (i.e., solving small and large addition problems). From our theoretical perspective, we anticipated that individual differences in retrieval processes and analytical procedures in reading would predict similar individual differences in arithmetic. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models confirmed that the use of analytical procedures during reading predicted the use of analytical procedures in arithmetic. Moreover, the use of lexical relative to sublexical route predicted the use of retrieval relative to analytical strategies in arithmetic when these strategies were self-reported. Overall, this study introduces a novel theoretical perspective suggesting that both language and mathematics are ruled by the same retrieval processes and analytical procedures. The empirical evidence reported here supports this proposal.