bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Assimilating High-Resolution Atmospheric Motion Vectors Derived from Himawari-8 on Tropical Cyclone Forecast in HWRF
Authors: Sawada Masahiro , Ma Zaizhong , Mehra Avichal , Tallapragada Vijay , Oyama Ryo , Shimoji Kazuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe impact of the assimilation of high spatial and temporal resolution atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) on tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts has been investigated. The high-resolution AMVs are derived from the full disk scan of the new generation geostationary satellite Himawari-8. Forecast experiments for three TCs in 2016 in a western North Pacific basin are performed using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF). Two different ensemble–variational hybrid data assimilation configurations (using background error covariance created by global ensemble forecast and HWRF ensemble forecast), based on the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI), are used for the sensitivity experiments. The results show that the inclusion of high-resolution Himawari-8 AMVs (H8AMV) can benefit the track forecast skill, especially for long-range lead times. The diagnosis of optimal steering flow indicates that the improved track forecast seems to be attributed to the improvement of initial steering flow surrounding the TC. However, the assimilation of H8AMV increases the negative intensity bias and error, especially for short-range forecast lead times. The investigation of the structural change from the assimilation of H8AMV revealed that the following two factors are likely related to this degradation: 1) an increase of inertial stability outside the radius of maximum wind (RMW), which weakens the boundary layer inflow; and 2) a drying around and outside the RMW. Assimilating H8AMV using background error covariance created from HWRF ensemble forecast contributes to a significant reduction in negative intensity bias and error, and there is a significant benefit to TC size forecast.
Hydrometeor Lofting and Mesoscale Snowbands
Authors: Lackmann Gary M. , Thompson Gregory 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Environments that accompany mesoscale snowbands in extratropical cyclones feature strong midlevel frontogenesis and weak symmetric stability, conditions conducive to vigorous ascent. Prior observational and numerical studies document the occurrence of upward vertical velocities in excess of 1 m s−1 near the comma head of winter cyclones. These values roughly correspond to the terminal fall velocity of snow; snow lofting has been measured directly with vertically pointing radars. Here, we investigate the occurrence of lower-tropospheric snow lofting near mesoscale bands and its contribution to snowfall heterogeneity. We test the hypothesis that hydrometeor lofting substantially influences snowfall distributions by analyzing the vertical snow flux in case-study simulations, by computing snow trajectories, and by testing sensitivity of simulated snowbands to parameterized snow terminal fall velocity and advection. These experiments confirm the presence of upward snow flux in the lower troposphere upstream of simulated mesoscale snowbands for two events (27 January 2015 and 2 February 2016). The band of lower-tropospheric lofting played a more important role in the January 2015 case relative to the February 2016 event. Lofting enhances the horizontal advection of snow by increasing hydrometeor residence time aloft, influencing the surface snowfall distribution. Experimental simulations illustrate that while lofting and advection influence the snow distribution, these processes reduce snowfall heterogeneity, contrary to our initial hypothesis. Our findings indicate that considerable horizontal displacement can occur between the locations of strongest ascent and heaviest surface snowfall. Numerical forecasts of snowbands are sensitive to formulations of terminal fall velocity of snow in microphysical parameterizations due to this lofting and transport process.
An Evaluation of Snowband Predictability in the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh
Authors: Radford Jacob T. , Lackmann Gary M. , Baxter Martin A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNarrow regions of intense, banded snowfall present hazardous travel conditions due to rapid onset, high precipitation rates, and lowered visibility. Despite their importance, there are few verification studies of snowbands in operational forecast models. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model to predict snowbands in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. An automated band-detection algorithm was applied to a 3-yr period of simulated and observed radar reflectivity to compare snowband climatologies. This algorithm uses the distributions of reflectivities in contiguous precipitation regions to determine a band intensity threshold. The predictability of snowbands on a case-by-case basis was also evaluated using an object-oriented approach. The distribution of HRRR forecast banding resembles that of the observations, but with a significant positive frequency bias. This may partially be due to underrepresentation of observed bands in our verification dataset due to limited radar coverage in portions of the central United States. On a case-by-case basis, traditional skill metrics indicate limited predictability, but allowing for small timing discrepancies dramatically improves scores. Object-oriented verification yields mixed results, with 30% of forecasts receiving a score indicative of a well-predicted event. However, 69% of cases have at least one forecast lead demonstrating skill, suggesting the HRRR is successful in depicting environments conducive to band formation. These results suggest adopting a probabilistic, ensemble approach, and indicate that the deterministic HRRR is best suited for the identification of regions of elevated snowband risk and not precise timing or location information.
Causative Factors for Complications in Transpalatal Advancement
Authors: Chan Lyndon , Kitpornchai Leon , Mackay Stuart 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Transpalatal advancement (TPA) is a procedure that is used when modern variants of uvulopharyn-gopalatoplasty are unable to provide enough anterior traction. Although successful in reduction of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) parameters, it also comes with procedure-specific risks. Formation of an oro-nasal fistula (ONF) is a complication that results in significant morbidity and a protracted treatment course. Methods: After approval from the University of Wollongong Health Research Ethics Committee, a retrospective chart review of all cases undergoing TPA performed by a single surgeon over a 10-year period from 2008 to 2018 was performed. Patients underwent pre- and postoperative level 1 or 2 polysomnography. Factors potentially contributing to palatal complications, as well as pre- and postoperative polysomnographic parameters, subjective sleep questionnaires, and body mass index (BMI) were statistically analyzed where a P value <.05 was considered a significant result. Results: A total of 59 patients were included. Overall palatal complication rate was 25.4% (15/59), with the most common being transient velo-palatal insufficiency (VPI) (8/59, 13.6%). ONF developed in 4/59 (6.8%) of patients. None of the analyzed contributing factors for palatal complications were statistically significant, except the presence of a high-arched palate and development of ONF. All analyzed sleep parameters, as well as BMI, were significantly different when comparing pre- to postoperative results. Conclusion: This study suggests that TPA has a role in current sleep surgery paradigms and can significantly improve both objective and subjective outcome measures of OSA. Surgeons contemplating TPA on patients with high-arched hard palates should do so with caution.
Attitudes of Clinicians about Screening Head and Neck Cancer Survivors for Lung Cancer Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography
Authors: Dukes Kimberly , Seaman Aaron T. , Hoffman Richard M. , Christensen Alan J. , Kendell Nicholas , Sussman Andrew L. , Vélez-Bermúdez Miriam , Volk Robert J. , Pagedar Nitin A. 
Published: August 2019

Objective: National guidelines recommend lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for high-risk patients, including survivors of other tobacco-related cancers like head and neck cancer (HNC). This qualitative study investigated clinicians’ practices and attitudes toward LCS with LDCT with patients who have survived HNC, in the context of mandated requirements for shared decision making (SDM) using decision aids. Methods: Thematic analysis of transcribed semi-structured clinician interviews and focus group. Results: Clinicians recognized LCS’ utility for some HNC survivors with smoking histories. However, they identified many challenges to SDM in diverse clinic settings, including time, workflow, uncertainty about guidelines and reimbursement, decision aids, competing patient priorities, unclear evidence, potentially heightened patient receptivity and stress, and the complexity of discussions. They also identified challenges to LCS implementation. Conclusions: While clinicians feel that LDCT LCS may benefit some HNC survivors, there are barriers both to implementing LCS SDM for these patients in primary care as currently recommended and to integrating it into cancer clinics. Challenges for SDM across settings include a lack of decision aids tailored to patients with cancer histories. Given recommendations to broaden LCS eligibility criteria, more research may be required before refinement of current guidelines.
The association of endothelial injury and systemic inflammation with perioperative myocardial infarction
Authors: Ollila Aino , Vikatmaa Leena , Virolainen Juha , Nisula Sara , Lakkisto Päivi , Vikatmaa Pirkka , Tikkanen Ilkka , Venermo Maarit , Pettilä Ville 
Published: August 2019

Background Major surgery predisposes to endothelial glycocalyx injury. Endothelial glycocalyx injury associates with cardiac morbidity, including spontaneous myocardial infarction. However, the relation between endothelial glycocalyx injury and the development of perioperative myocardial infarction remains unknown. Methods Fifteen perioperative myocardial infarction patients and 60 propensity-matched controls were investigated in this prospective study. The diagnosis of perioperative myocardial infarction was based on repeated cardiac troponin T measurements, electrocardiographs and recordings of ischaemic signs and symptoms. We measured endothelial glycocalyx markers – soluble thrombomodulin, syndecan-1 and vascular adhesion protein 1 – and an inflammatory marker, namely interleukin-6, preoperatively and 6 h and 24 h postoperatively. We calculated the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) to compare the performances of the different markers in predicting perioperative myocardial infarction. The highest value of each marker was used in the analysis. Results The interleukin-6 concentrations of perioperative myocardial infarction patients were significantly higher preoperatively and 6 and 24 h postoperatively ( P =  0.002, P =  0.002 and P =  0.001, respectively). The AUCs (95% confidence intervals) for the detection of perioperative myocardial infarction were 0.51 (0.34–0.69) for soluble thrombomodulin, 0.63 (0.47–0.79) for syndecan-1, 0.54 (0.37–0.70) for vascular adhesion protein 1 and 0.69 (0.54–0.85) for interleukin-6. Conclusions Systemic inflammation, reflected by interleukin-6, associates with cardiac troponin T release and perioperative myocardial infarction. Circulating interleukin-6 demonstrated some potential to predict perioperative myocardial infarction, whereas endothelial glycocalyx markers did not.
Superiority of glycated albumin over glycated haemoglobin as indicator of glycaemic control and predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Miyabe Mizuki , Kurajoh Masafumi , Mori Katsuhito , Okuno Senji , Okada Shigeki , Emoto Masanori , Tsujimoto Yoshihiro , Inaba Masaaki 
Published: August 2019

Background Glycated albumin, in contrast to glycated haemoglobin, precisely reflects glycaemic control and predicts all-cause mortality in haemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus. However, whether those associations exist in diabetes mellitus patients receiving peritoneal dialysis remains unclear. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study. We measured glycated albumin, glycated haemoglobin and casual plasma glucose for two months in diabetes mellitus-peritoneal dialysis ( n = 44) and diabetes mellitus-haemodialysis ( n = 88) patients (age-, gender-matched). The diabetes mellitus-peritoneal dialysis patients were followed for three years to monitor occurrence of all-cause mortality. Results Glycated albumin and glycated albumin/casual plasma glucose ratios, but not casual plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, or glycated haemoglobin/casual plasma glucose, were significantly lower in the diabetes mellitus-peritoneal dialysis as compared with the diabetes mellitus-haemodialysis patients. The regression lines between casual plasma glucose and glycated albumin showed a significant parallel shift downwards in diabetes mellitus-peritoneal dialysis as compared with diabetes mellitus-haemodialysis patients, while the slope did not differ significantly between the groups, resulting in underestimation of glycaemic control by 4.5%. Kapan-Meier analysis of the diabetes mellitus-peritoneal dialysis patients revealed that higher glycated albumin (median >18.0%), but not glycated haemoglobin (median >6.6%), indicated significantly elevated risk for all-cause mortality, which occurred in 15 patients (34.1%), as compared with those with a lower glycated albumin concentration. Higher glycated albumin concentration was also significantly and independently associated with all-cause mortality in multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. Conclusions Glycated albumin, in contrast to glycated haemoglobin, more precisely reflects glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus-peritoneal dialysis patients, based on its significant association with all-cause mortality. Furthermore, adjustment of the true glycated albumin concentration by adding 4.5% might provide a more precise measurement for determining glycaemic control in such patients.
Bullying Victimization as a Strain: Examining Changes in Bullying Victimization and Delinquency among Korean Students from a Developmental General Strain Theory Perspective
Authors: Park Yeoju , Metcalfe Christi 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Using a developmental extension of Agnew’s general strain theory (GST), the current study aims to assess the within-individual associations between bullying victimization and delinquency, as well as the recent versus enduring effects of bullying victimization experiences and the moderating influences of several risk factors. Method: Random effects Tobit models are conducted to examine the relationship between changes in bullying victimization and five forms of delinquency using five waves from the Korean Youth Panel Survey. A measure calculating the duration of consecutive bullying experiences is introduced into these models to capture the enduring effects of this strain, and margins analyses are used to assess moderating influences. Results: There is a positive relationship between experiencing a bullying event and delinquency, and this relationship is stronger at higher levels of risk factors. Moreover, bullying victimization over consecutive years has a consistent harmful effect with regard to analogous behavior and violence and theft, as opposed to a diminishing effect for overall delinquency, substance use, and bullying. Conclusions: While there is support for many of the propositions of GST, there are some inconsistences regarding the duration effects. The findings suggest the need for further assessments of the temporal patterns of strains.
Therapy-based exercise from the perspective of adult patients: a qualitative systematic review conducted using an ethnographic approach
Authors: Davenport Sally , Dickinson Angela , Minns Lowe Catherine 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Many patients do not meet recommended levels of therapy-based exercise. This review aims to explore how adult patients view being prescribed therapy-based exercise, the information/education they are given and receive and if/how they independently practise and adhere. Design: A qualitative systematic review conducted using an ethnographic approach and in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases (01 January 2000–31 December 2018). Methods: Qualitative studies with a focus on engagement/adherence with therapy-based exercise were included. Data extraction and quality appraisal were undertaken by two reviewers. Results were discussed and data synthesized. Results: A total of 20,294 titles were screened, with data extracted from 39 full texts and data from 18 papers used to construct three themes. ‘The Guidance received’ suggests that the type of delivery desired to support and sustain engagement was context-dependent and individually situated. ‘The Therapist as teacher’ advocates that patients see independent therapy-based exercise as a shared activity and value caring, kind and professional qualities in their therapist. ‘The Person as learner’ proposes that when having to engage with and practise therapy-based exercise because of ill-health, patients often see themselves as new learners who experience fear and uncertainty about what to do. Patients may have unacknowledged ambivalences about learning that impact on engagement and persistence. Conclusion: The quality of the interaction between therapists and patients appears integral to patients engaging with, and sustaining practice of, rehabilitation programmes. Programmes need to be individualized, and health care professionals need to take patients’ previous experiences and ambivalences in motivation and empowerment into account.
Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Chondral Injuries After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Chahla Jorge , Beck Edward C. , Okoroha Kelechi , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Kunze Kyle N. , Nho Shane J. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Studies on the effect of partial- and full-thickness chondral damage of the hip on outcomes and the ability to achieve meaningful clinical outcomes are limited. Purpose: To determine the effect of full- and partial-thickness chondral injuries on 2-year outcomes in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) compared with patients without chondral damage, and to identify significant predictors of achieving the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from consecutive patients with evidence of chondromalacia at the time of primary hip arthroscopic surgery with routine capsular closure for the treatment of FAIS by a single fellowship-trained surgeon between January 2012 and September 2016 were reviewed. Patients were divided into groups with partial-thickness (grade I-III) or full-thickness (grade IV) chondral defects and matched by age and body mass index (BMI) to patients without chondral injuries. Preoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared among the 3 groups, and a binary logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify significant predictors of achieving the MCID and PASS. Results: There were 634 patients included in the analysis, with a mean age of 34.5 ± 10.9 years and a mean BMI of 25.2 ± 4.7 kg/m2. A total of 493 (77.8%) patients had no evidence of chondral damage, 92 (14.5%) patients had partial-thickness chondral defects, and 49 (7.7%) patients had full-thickness chondral defects. There were statistically significant differences in the Hip Outcome Score (HOS)–Activities of Daily Living, HOS–Sports Subscale, modified Harris Hip Score, pain, and satisfaction ( P < .01) among the 3 groups. Patients with grade IV chondromalacia experienced the poorest outcomes and lowest percentage of achieving the PASS. Predictors for achieving any PASS threshold included preoperative alpha angle (odds ratio [OR], 0.96; P = .016), absence of preoperative limping (OR, 7.25; P = .002), absence of preoperative chronic pain (OR, 5.83; P = .019), primary hip arthroscopic surgery (OR, 0.17; P = .050), patients who self-identified as runners (OR, 2.27; P = .037), and Tönnis grade 0 (OR, 2.86; P = .032). Male sex (OR, 2.49; P = .015) was the only predictor of achieving any MCID threshold. Conclusion: Patients with grade IV chondral defects experienced worse functional outcomes, lower satisfaction, and increased pain when compared with both patients without chondral damage or grade I-III chondromalacia at 2-year follow-up. Several predictors were associated with achieving clinically significant function in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS.
Nonabsorbable Suture Knot on the Tendon Affects Rotator Cuff Healing: A Comparative Study of the Knots on Tendon and Bone in a Rat Model of Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Sun Yucheng , Kwak Jae-Man , Kholinne Erica , Tan Jun , Koh Kyoung-Hwan , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: August 2019

Background: Nonabsorbable suture knots are usually used to link the tendon and bone during rotator cuff repair surgery. There are many variations in the arthroscopic knot-tying technique; however, the location of suture knot placement for rotator cuff healing has rarely been studied. Hypothesis: The authors compared the rotator cuff healing between knots tied on tendon and bone in a rotator cuff tear rat model. It has been hypothesized that knots can cause chronic inflammation and create the weakest link between tendon and bone, thus affecting rotator cuff healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Bilateral supraspinatus tenotomy and rotator cuff repair at the greater tuberosity were performed on 24 Wistar rats. Nonabsorbable surgical suture knots were made on the right supraspinatus tendon tissue and left humerus inferior to the greater tuberosity, respectively. Twelve rats each were sacrificed at 3 and 9 weeks. Six of the 12 rats were used for biomechanical testing and the remaining 6 for histologic evaluation. Results: The surgical knots placed on the bursal side of the tendon migrated to the articular side, as noted on gross observation in 22 of 24 samples. The knots on the tendon group showed significantly inferior tendon-bone integration and significantly inferior biomechanical results in terms of maximum load to failure and stiffness. An obvious chronic foreign body inflammatory reaction was found in the knots on the tendon group at 3 and 9 weeks. Furthermore, inferior bone-tendon interface regeneration and weakest link formation were obtained in the knots on the tendon group compared with those on the bone group. Conclusion: Nonabsorbable suture knots placed on the tendon migrate to the articular side, causing chronic inflammation and weakening tendon-bone healing, which may explain some retears after rotator cuff repair. Clinical Relevance: The present animal study suggests that it is not recommended in clinical practice to make several bulky nonabsorbable suture knots on the rotator cuff tendon during rotator cuff repair surgery. It may be better to tie the knots at the bone side or do knotless repair.