bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3D k‐space Fourier encoding and reconstruction framework for simultaneous multi‐slab acquisition
Authors: Dai Erpeng , Wu Yuhsuan , Wu Wenchuan , Guo Rui , Liu Simin , Miller Karla L. , Zhang Zhe , Guo Hua 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo propose a novel 3D k‐space Fourier encoding and reconstruction framework for simultaneous multi‐slab (SMSlab) acquisition and demonstrate its efficacy in high‐resolution imaging.MethodsFirst, it is illustrated in theory how the inter‐slab gap interferes with the formation of the SMSlab 3D k‐space. Then, joint RF and gradient encoding are applied to remove the inter‐slab gap interference and form a SMSlab 3D k‐space. In vivo experiments are performed to validate the proposed theory. Acceleration in the proposed SMSlab 3D k‐space is also evaluated.ResultsHigh‐resolution (1.0 mm isotropic) images can be reconstructed using the proposed SMSlab 3D framework. Controlled aliasing in parallel imaging sampling and 2D GRAPPA reconstruction can also be applied in the SMSlab 3D k‐space. Compared with conventional multi‐slab acquisition, SMSlab exhibits better SNR maintainability (such as lower g‐factors), especially at high acceleration factors.ConclusionIt is demonstrated that the joint application of RF and gradient encoding enables SMSlab within a 3D Fourier encoding framework. Images with high isotropic resolution can be reconstructed, and further acceleration is also applicable. The proposed SMSlab 3D k‐space can be valuable for both high‐resolution and high‐efficiency diffusion and functional MRI.
Schwarze Kunststoffe erkennen und sortenrein trennen
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHyperspektrales Imaging liefert ein IR‐ oder Vis‐Spektrum pro Pixel. Damit lassen sich Polymersorten voneinander unterscheiden. Eine Verfahrensvariante mit Laseranregung eignet sich für die sonst kaum zu trennenden Abfälle aus schwarzem Plastik.
CheMento: Mit Mentoring ins Karriere‐Netzwerk
Authors: Gajda Alina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZum dritten Mal nutzten Teilnehmer des GDCh‐Mentoring‐Programms „CheMento“ die Chance, ihre Erfahrungen an eine ihnen unbekannte Person weiterzugeben und ihre Kompetenzen zu erweitern. Mit der Frage „Was will ich und was brauche ich dafür?“ setzten sich die 60 Teilnehmer mit den Themen Karriereplanung, Berufswahl und Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf auseinander.
Alles im Ein‐Topf – MCR 2018 in Düsseldorf
Authors: Müller Thomas J. J. , Schaper Klaus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn der Universität in Düsseldorf trafen sich Ende August 2018 148 Wissenschaftler aus vier Kontinenten, um sich im Rahmen der 7th International Conference on Multicomponent Reactions and Related Chemistry über die Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Multikomponenten‐ und Dominoreaktionen auszutauschen. Thomas J. J. Müller war federführender Organisator und Gastgeber der sechstägigen Veranstaltung, die seit dem Jahr 2000 in etwa dreijährigem Abstand stattfindet und nach München, Genua, Amsterdam, Ekaterinenburg, Hangzhou und Brasilìa nun einmal den Globus umrundet hat.
Incorporating intervention fidelity components into randomized controlled trials promoting exercise adherence in heart failure patients
Authors: McGuire Rita , Duncan Kathleen , Pozehl Bunny 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntervention fidelity (IF) in behavioral interventions is complicated by their dynamic and interactive nature. Translation of the outcomes to practice may be diminished by lack of fidelity. The purpose of this paper is to describe a systematic, evidence‐based IF approach in a complex, multicomponent behavioral change study. The National Institutes of Health‐funded randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effect of an adherence to exercise intervention. Two hundred forty‐six heart failure patients from two sites were enrolled. This description of the study‐specific standardized protocol, the data collection methods used, findings from the plan, and the discussion of the successes and challenges contributes to the advancement of IF implementation science.
Chromosomal gains of 12p and 1q are not associated with inferior outcome of pediatric and adolescent germ cell tumors
Authors: Greimelmaier Kristina , Calaminus Gabriele , Kristiansen Glen , Vokuhl Christian , Klapper Wolfram 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric germ cell tumors (GCT) are rare and very heterogeneous neoplasms that show a high diversity in tumor biology and histology. The clinical behavior cannot be predicted based on morphology or immunohistochemistry. The aim of this study was to investigate a large number of pediatric GCT regarding chromosomal gains of 12p and 1q.MethodsOne hundred and eighty pediatric nonseminomatous GCT, that is, mature teratomas, immature teratomas, yolk sac tumors, and mixed germ cell tumors, from three age groups were evaluated for 1q and 12p gains by fluorescence in situ hybridization in tissue micro arrays. The results were correlated with tumor biology and clinical data.ResultsEleven out of 143 GCT showed gains of 1q. In 29/157 GCT a gain of 12p was found. Prepubertal patients (≤6 years of age) more often displayed gains of 1q compared to pubertal/adolescent patients (11‐17 years of age), whereas pubertal/adolescent patients showed gains of 12p most frequently. Twenty‐one out of 155 patients suffered from relapse or metachronous disease. Patients with and without gains of 1q or 12p did not differ in frequency of these events. However, the likelihood of occurrence of these clinical events varied depending on the histological type of the tumor.ConclusionThe biological behavior of pediatric GCT depends more on the histological type of the tumor than on the genetic aberrations examined in this study. Gains of 1q and 12p are not suitable to predict the clinical outcome of GCT in childhood. Nevertheless, both genetic alterations might be used as biomarkers to distinguish different histological types of GCT and therefore could be of diagnostic value, especially in borderline cases.
Epigenetic drug screen identifies the histone deacetylase inhibitor NSC3852 as a potential novel drug for the treatment of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wiggers Caroline R.M. , Govers Anita M.A.P. , Lelieveld Daphne , Egan David A. , Zwaan C. Michel , Sonneveld Edwin , Coffer Paul J. , Bartels Marije 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease regarding morphology, immunophenotyping, genetic abnormalities, and clinical behavior. The overall survival rate of pediatric AML is 60% to 70%, and has not significantly improved over the past two decades. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at risk of developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), which can be preceded by a transient myeloproliferative disorder during the neonatal period. Intensification of current treatment protocols is not feasible due to already high treatment‐related morbidity and mortality. Instead, more targeted therapies with less severe side effects are highly needed.ProcedureTo identify potential novel therapeutic targets for myeloid disorders in children, including DS‐AMKL and non‐DS‐AML, we performed an unbiased compound screen of 80 small molecules targeting epigenetic regulators in three pediatric AML cell lines that are representative for different subtypes of pediatric AML. Three candidate compounds were validated and further evaluated in normal myeloid precursor cells during neutrophil differentiation and in (pre‐)leukemic pediatric patient cells.ResultsCandidate drugs LMK235, NSC3852, and bromosporine were effective in all tested pediatric AML cell lines with antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and differentiation effects. Out of these three compounds, the pan‐histone deacetylase inhibitor NSC3852 specifically induced growth arrest and apoptosis in pediatric AML cells, without disrupting normal neutrophil differentiation.ConclusionNSC3852 is a potential candidate drug for further preclinical testing in pediatric AML and DS‐AMKL.
The complementary role of imaging modalities in Binder phenotype. Can prognostic factors of neonatal respiratory distress be found?
Authors: Bosselut Hortense , Panuel Michel , Sigaudy Sabine , Gorincour Guillaume , Chaumoitre Kathia , Bretelle Florence 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the complementarity between prenatal ultrasound, computed tomography, and MRI scans for fetuses with Binder phenotype.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2018, of fetuses with Binder phenotype. Prenatal ultrasound (US) data were collected. A systematic survey of the entire skeleton was performed to look for associated abnormalities such as calcifications, brachytelephalangy, and spinal stenosis. Parents were systematically offered fetal skeletal computed tomography (CT).ResultsThirteen cases were included. Two cases of perinatal respiratory distress (18%) were observed. Chondrodysplasia punctata was diagnosed from the presence of calcifications, especially of the proximal femoral epiphyses and tarsal bones, in five cases (38%) by US and in 10 cases (83%) by CT. Calcifications of the hyoid bone were detected by CT in three cases (25%) one of which had respiratory distress. Polyhydramnios was associated with the Binder phenotype in four cases (30%) one of which had respiratory distress. One single fetus had combined polyhydramnios and laryngeal calcifications, and he suffered from perinatal respiratory distress.ConclusionAn antenatal diagnosis of Binder phenotype is often associated with chondrodysplasia punctata. We recommend the use of fetal CT as a complement to US in this condition.
Das Rätsel der verschwundenen Antimaterie
Authors: Kiesling Christian 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik kann trotz unbestreitbarer Erfolge wichtige Beobachtungen nicht erklären. Dazu zählt das Verschwinden der Antimaterie im Universum. Deshalb wird intensiv nach „Neuer Physik“ gesucht. Parallel zu den Experimenten am LHC, der die höchsten Kollisionsenergien erzielt, hat nun eine neue Super‐B‐Factory in Japan mit dem Belle‐II‐Detektor seinen Betrieb aufgenommen. Dort sollen mit höchster Präzision die Unterschiede zwischen B‐Mesonen und Ihren Antiteilchen untersucht werden. Für Belle II wurde unter deutscher Federführung ein neuartiger Pixel‐Vertexdetektor entwickelt, der für die genaue Vermessung der B‐Meson‐Zerfälle essentiell ist.
The association of let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐182, and miR‐221 with clinicopathologic parameters of prostate cancer in patients diagnosed with low‐risk disease
Authors: Kurul N. Ozgur , Ates Ferhat , Yilmaz Ismail , Narli Gizem , Yesildal Cumhur , Senkul Temucin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic benefit of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is limited, owing to its lack of specificity, particularly in men with PSA levels of 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL. Therefore, there is a need for more specific and sensitive biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and to predict prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Assessing the expression levels of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with PCa may be helpful in detecting cancer and predicting the cancer prognosis and its evolution, and may serve as markers to decide the treatment. We examined the expression levels of five miRNAs (let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐185, and miR‐221) on patients with low‐risk PCa who had been eligible for active surveillance but underwent radical prostatectomy. We investigated the correlation between the relative expression of miRNAs and clinicopathologic parameters to evaluate their clinical significance.Materials and MethodsTotal RNA was isolated from the tumor and the corresponding non‐neoplastic prostate tissue of 45 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the levels of let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐185, miR‐221, and RNU6B expression, using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. miRNA expression was examined in low‐risk PCa, and miRNAs' association with Gleason upgraded (GU) and biochemical recurrent (BR) patients was evaluated.ResultsWe observed that miR‐21 and miR‐182 were overexpressed; conversely, let‐7c, miR‐145, and miR‐221 were underexpressed in patients with low‐risk PCa. GU patients (n = 16) and non‐upgraded patients (n = 28) were compared. miR‐145 was downregulated significantly in the GU group (P = 0.03). Similarly, miR‐221 was downregulated significantly in patients with BR (n = 14) compared with non‐recurrent patients (n = 30) (P = 0.04). Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve analysis revealed that miR‐221 levels were significantly associated with BR in patients with a cut‐off <−1.666, a value at which sensitivity was 70% and specificity 71% (area under curve [AUC] = 0.705, P = 0.030).ConclusionsThere is still a need for a tumor marker with higher sensitivity and specificity than that of PSA. Among the five miRNAs examined, miR‐221 was most associated with biochemical recurrence in low‐risk PCa.
Enhanced Performance for Thiolation of Dimethyl Sulfide to Methanethiol over Al2O3‐Supported HPW Catalysts
Authors: Chen Shiping , Lin Liqin , Jing Xiaolian , Yang Yiquan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this research, conversion of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and hydrogen sulfide to methanethiol (MT) in the presence of Al2O3 supported HPW catalysts has been investigated. The catalyst characterization shows that Al2O3 supported HPW catalyst has the improved surface acidity of Lewis acid sites and uniform distribution of W species, which in turn enhances the catalytic performance. The supported HPW catalysts show better catalytic activity during thiolation of DMS to MT, and 5 wt.% HPW is the optimum concentration in promoting the DMS thiolation, attaining approximately 20‐degree lower initial reaction temperature than Al2O3. Moreover, a small amount of residual CS2 is acceptable for methionine chemical company for the sake of cost control. A mechanism of the enhanced DMS conversion at the catalyst surface is proposed: First H2S and DMS are adsorbed on lattice oxygen O2−. Then the main reaction occurs between CH3S−M and HO‐ M−O groups to form CH3SH.
Sequential Extraction of Coal Tar Pitch and Structural Characterization of Enriched Large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Fan Xiao‐Hua , Li Wei , Chen Lei , Ouyang Ting , Fei Youqing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFour fractions separated sequentially from a coal tar pitch by two different methods are examined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF‐MS) and 50/24 matrix analysis, to evaluate both separation effectiveness and characteristics of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in variable fractions. Both Soxhlet extraction and anti‐solvent precipitation can sequentially produce four fractions that have narrower molecular mass distribution with specific structural features of PAHs. The results show that the overall molecular mass (MM) and ring size of large PAHs abundant in the fractions gradually shift to higher values as solvent strength increases, with some overlap between two adjacent fractions. A broad range of peaks in MS spectra has been resolved as 4‐ to about 25‐ ring PAHs by 50/24 matrix analysis, with some detailed molecular structure elucidated. For example, the PAHs in the light HS fraction include 4 to 11‐ring aromatics with more ortho‐condensed structure. On the other hand, heavier fractions contain more aromatic rings fused by bay‐condensations that result in quaternary aromatic carbons. Besides structural insights, SEM morphologically reveals differences in the extraction effectiveness between Soxhlet and anti‐solvent, due to mass transfer and diffusion limitations in bituminous material.
Adsorption of Bromonitromethane over Graphene‐Based Substrates: A Density Functional Theory Analysis
Authors: Mandeep  , Sharma Lekha , Kakkar Rita 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDisinfection by‐products (DBPs) are present ubiquitously in drinking water. These are the by‐products of the water disinfection process and are a matter of great concern, as they affect human health. In this work, the adsorption of a model DBP, bromonitromethane (BNM), on pristine graphene, graphene oxide and Ni/Pd/Pt‐doped graphene systems has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) studies. Two adsorption modes have been considered, based on the interaction of BNM with graphene surfaces via the Br atom and the NO2 functional group. While adsorption of BNM on the pristine graphene is purely physisorption, it has been found that the adsorption capacity of pristine graphene and graphene oxide can be significantly enhanced by doping with Ni/Pd/Pt metals. Particularly, for Ni, the graphene oxide substrate gets involved in H‐bonding with the adsorbed BNM. As a result, effective and favorable adsorption occurs. Partial density of states (PDOS) plots reveal the effect of metal doping on the band gap and reactivity of different substrates. Electron density difference plots give insights into the adsorption behavior of BNM.
Enhancement in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Effects from Colloidal Core‐Shell Au@SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Neshat Abdollah , Safdari Rasoul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurface plasmon resonance effect from silica coated colloidal gold nanoparticles (Au@SiO2 NPs) was investigated on photocurrent density in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The less stability and aggregation of noble metal nanoparticles have limited their application in dye‐based solar cells. In this report, a simple method for the incorporation of noble Au nanoparticle in DSSCs to achieve higher photocurrent density is described. The DSSCs showed better performance when photo‐anode surface of a DSSC was decorated with Au@SiO2 NPs of appropriate size and shape. With incorporated Au@SiO2 NPs to the anode surface, 1 cm2 and 2 cm2 DSSCs exhibited 20% and 10% increase in the solar energy‐to‐electricity conversion efficiencies under AM 1.5 illumination and 100 mW cm−2 irradiations.
Drucktragfähigkeit von Fachwerkdiagonalen mit Kastenquerschnitt und alleinigem Anschluss der Gurtbleche
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kampleitner Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFachwerkträger im schweren Stahlbau weisen meist Druckdiagonalen mit geschweißten Kastenquerschnitten auf. Dabei sind in der Regel nur die seitlichen Gurtbleche direkt an die Fachwerkgurte angeschlossen, sodass hinsichtlich Biegeknicken aus der Fachwerkebene ein für einen Knickstab untypisches Tragverhalten vorliegt. Nach der Darstellung der untersuchten Anschlussdetails im Zuge einer begrenzten Parameteruntersuchung wird auf das spezielle Tragverhalten der Druckdiagonalen näher eingegangen. Es wird ein FEM‐Modell vorgestellt, das es ermöglicht, die Druckdiagonale isoliert zu betrachten. Abschließend wird ein Ingenieurmodell dargestellt, das es erlaubt, ohne FEM‐Berechnung die Drucktragfähigkeit der Diagonalstäbe zu bestimmen. Die Hintergründe des Ingenieurmodells sowie die Treffsicherheit gegenüber einer realitätsnahen 3D‐Systemberechnung werden ebenfalls erläutert.
Untersuchungen zur Interpretation des Beulnachweises nach der Methode der reduzierten Spannungen
Authors: Timmers Ralph , Schwienbacher Manuel , Lener Gerhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDie Nachweise gegen Plattenbeulen ausgesteifter Blechfelder sind in der Norm EN 1993‐1‐5 geregelt. In der aktuellen Fassung ist die Vorgehensweise nach der Methode der reduzierten Spannungen (Abschnitt 10) jedoch relativ kurz gehalten und lässt durchaus einigen Interpretationsspielraum in der Nachweisführung zu, speziell wenn es um die Berücksichtigung des Einzelfeldbeulens geht. In der Literatur werden zumeist getrennte Nachweise der Einzelfelder und des ausgesteiften Gesamtfelds geführt. Ausgehend von den aktuellen Formulierungen der EN 1993‐1‐5 stellte sich im Zuge der anstehenden Überarbeitung der Norm die Frage, ob auch ein einzelner Gesamtnachweis des ausgesteiften Blechfelds ausreichend bzw. wirtschaftlicher ist. In den vorliegenden Untersuchungen wurden daher diese beiden Methoden zur Nachweisführung im Zuge einer Parameterstudie aufgearbeitet und mit den Traglasten aus numerischen Simulationen verglichen. Hierzu wurden vorab Vergleichsbetrachtungen zur numerischen Modellbildung durchgeführt.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Huggett Gavin 
Published: May 2019

Mila Zinkova begins this issue weather of Weather with the second in a fascinating series of papers investigating the ‘mirage theory’ of the Titanic disaster with an examination of the haze reported by lookouts in ‘Titanic's mirage, part 2: Did a mysterious mirage‐associated haze camouflage the iceberg?’ on p. 151.On 24 April 2017 there was a significant remobilisation of ash deposits in southern Iceland left over from the huge eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in 2010 and Grímsvötn in 2011. Krista Hammond and Frances Beckett investigate the specific meteorological conditions that led up to the event on p. 167 in ‘Forecasting resuspended ash clouds in Iceland at the London VAAC’.The Sumatra squall is a common and yet highly disruptive weather system that affects part of the south‐east Asia region. On p. 176, Man Yau Chan, Jeff Chun‐Fung Lo and Thomas Orton examine the structure of one event in detail with a view to understanding the dynamics in order to improve forecasting of these features in ‘The structure of tropical Sumatra squalls’.Staying in the tropics, on p. 181 in ‘Monsoon tropical cyclones: Part 3’, David Membery looks into the meteorology and impact of five destructive tropical cyclones that have affected the Arabian sea and considers the long‐term trends in their occurrence.The application of satellite technology has been a rapidly expanding field in recent years. In our final paper this month on p. 186, C. Purna Chand, M. V. Rao, K. V. S. R. Prasad and K. H. Rao bring us some important research on the use satellite sensing to estimate low‐level circulations in ‘Validation of global sea‐level pressure fields calculated from Oceansat‐2 scatterometer wind data using the UWPBL model’.