bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carl Akeley’s revolution in exhibit design at the Milwaukee Public Museum
Authors: Rosenberg Gary David 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Carl Akeley (1864–1926) started a revolution in museum exhibit design when he created his muskrat diorama for the Milwaukee Public Museum in 1890. It was the first museum exhibit to show an animal in its natural habitat and the first to have a realistic background painted to create the illusion of depth and continuity of the animal’s environment. After the Scientific Revolution began and especially during the “Age of the Marvelous” in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, collections of natural and human-made objects were displayed in “wünderkammern,” rooms of wonder or curiosity cabinets, often arranged in a way that we might now consider strange, without a modern understanding of systematics, environmental, or cultural context. From the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century until Akeley’s muskrat diorama, taxonomic groupings dominated museum displays.
Akeley’s genius as a taxidermist gave the dioramas an unsurpassed realism. Instead of stuffing animal skins with straw and cotton as taxidermists had done for centuries, Akeley mounted the skins over armatures that he steadily improved as he moved from Milwaukee to the Field Museum in Chicago, and finally to the American Museum of Natural History in New York. He modeled ancillary items such as plants in the diorama with obsessive detail. The results were unprecedented evocations of living animals actively engaged in their ecological niches (herein defined as their place in nature, including their activities).
Akeley’s focus was the same as that of the great minds of the Scientific Revolution, and it’s the same as scientists’ today: the geometry of nature, its structural detail, and spatial relationships. Akeley showed not only the form and structure of animals in his dioramas, but he also defined the environmental space that encompassed them as well. Akeley’s focus was more mundane than Descartes’s res extensa or Stephen Hawking’s dark matter between cosmic bodies, but Akeley for the first time showed the general public that they could see the form and structure of animals and the space between in an altogether new way. Today that vision has a name, ecology. And we call its conception in deep time, paleoecology.
Twenty-first-century natural history: Planetary geology in natural history museums
Authors: Aubele J.C. , Crumpler L.S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The traditional model of the natural history museum developed during an age of exploration. In the twenty-first century, natural history museums can demonstrate the excitement of science and enhance geoscience education by using the space-age exploration of our solar system and incorporating the geoscience subdiscipline of planetary geology. Natural history museums reach a self-selected, self-directed, and multigenerational audience. This audience can choose to pursue a range of exhibits and programs in various sciences offered by a museum. The public may be interested in geoscience but often has limited knowledge or understanding of the science. Planetary geology offers an effective way to add content and technology to the traditional natural history museum and a new way to interest museum visitors in basic geoscience. Over the past decade, the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science (NMMNHS) has successfully used planetary geology to enhance geoscience education by incorporating the following techniques: (1) geoscience related to a specific planet or planetary mission; (2) geoscience related to a planetary problem; and (3) planetary geology related to art. Use of these techniques has allowed the NMMNHS to reach multiple and underrepresented audiences, to encourage interest in basic geoscience, and to better serve the science education needs of the state of New Mexico. The addition of planetary geology to the traditional range of science topics enables natural history museums to continue their evolution as relevant sources of geoscience and provides them with an additional and effective way to teach geoscience in the twenty-first century.
From public lands to museums: The foundation of U.S. paleontology, the early history of federal public lands and museums, and the developing role of the U.S. Department of the Interior
Authors: Liggett Gregory A. , Childs S. Terry , Famoso Nicholas A. , McDonald H. Gregory , Titus Alan L. , Varner Elizabeth , Liggett Cameron L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Today, the United States Department of the Interior manages 500 million acres of surface land, about one-fifth of the land in the United States. Since enactment of the Antiquities Act in 1906, historic and scientific resources collected on public land have remained government property, held in trust for the people of the United States. As a result, the Department of the Interior manages nearly 204 million museum objects. Some of these objects are in federally managed repositories; others are in the repositories of partner institutions.
The establishment of the United States as a nation corresponded with the development of paleontology as a science. For example, mastodon fossils discovered at or near present-day Big Bone Lick State Historic Site, Kentucky, found their way to notable scientists both in the United States and in Europe by the mid-eighteenth century and were instrumental in establishing the reality of extinction.
Public land policies were often contentious, but generally they encouraged settlement and use, which resulted in the modern pattern of federal public lands. Continued investigation for fossils from public land filled the nation’s early museums, and those fossils became the centerpieces of many museum exhibitions.
Case studies of the management of fossils found in Fossil Cycad National Monument, the John Day fossil beds, the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge and surrounding areas of public land, the American Falls Reservoir, and Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument are outlined. These examples provide a sense of the scope of fossils on federal public land, highlight how their management can be a challenge, and show that public land is vital for continued scientific collection and research.
Assessing the efficacy, safety and utility of 6-month day-and-night automated closed-loop insulin delivery under free-living conditions compared with insulin pump therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: an open-label, multicentre, multinational, single-period, randomised, parallel group study protocol
Authors: Musolino Gianluca , Allen Janet M , Hartnell Sara , Wilinska Malgorzata E , Tauschmann Martin , Boughton Charlotte , Campbell Fiona , Denvir Louise , Trevelyan Nicola , Wadwa Paul , DiMeglio Linda , Buckingham Bruce A , Weinzimer Stuart , Acerini Carlo L , Hood Korey , Fox Steven , Kollman Craig , Sibayan Judy , Borgman Sarah , Cheng Peiyao , Hovorka Roman 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionClosed-loop systems titrate insulin based on sensor glucose levels, providing novel means to reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia while improving glycaemic control. We will assess effectiveness of 6-month day-and-night closed-loop insulin delivery compared with usual care (conventional or sensor-augmented pump therapy) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods and analysisThe trial adopts an open-label, multicentre, multinational (UK and USA), randomised, single-period, parallel design. Participants (n=130) are children and adolescents (aged ≥6 and <19 years) with type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year, and insulin pump use for at least 3 months with suboptimal glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin ≥58 mmol/mol (7.5%) and ≤86 mmol/mol (10%)). After a 2–3 week run-in period, participants will be randomised to 6-month use of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery, or to usual care. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary outcome is glycated haemoglobin at 6 months. Other key endpoints include time in the target glucose range (3.9–10 mmol/L, 70–180 mg/dL), mean sensor glucose and time spent above and below target. Secondary outcomes include SD and coefficient of variation of sensor glucose levels, time with sensor glucose levels <3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL) and <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL), area under the curve of glucose <3.5 mmol/L (63 mg/dL), time with glucose levels >16.7 mmol/L (300 mg/dL), area under the curve of glucose >10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL), total, basal and bolus insulin dose, body mass index z-score and blood pressure. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural characteristics of participants and caregivers and their responses to the closed-loop and clinical trial will be assessed. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for closed-loop will be estimated.Ethics and disseminationCambridge South Research Ethics Committee and Jaeb Center for Health Research Institutional Review Office approved the study. The findings will be disseminated by peer-review publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02925299; Pre-results.
Process evaluation of fidelity and costs of implementing the Integrated Chronic Disease Management model in South Africa: mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Lebina Limakatso , Alaba Olufunke , Kawonga Mary , Oni Tolu 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe South African Department of Health has developed and implemented the Integrated Chronic Disease Management (ICDM) model to respond to the increased utilisation of primary healthcare services due to a surge of non-communicable diseases coexisting with a high prevalence of communicable diseases. However, some of the expected outcomes on implementing the ICDM model have not been achieved. The aims of this study are to assess if the observed suboptimal outcomes of the ICDM model implementation are due to lack of fidelity to the ICDM model, to examine the contextual factors associated with the implementation fidelity and to calculate implementation costs.Methods and analysisA process evaluation, mixed methods study in 16 pilot clinics from two health districts to assess the degree of fidelity to four major components of the ICDM model. Activity scores will be summed per component and overall fidelity score will be calculated by summing the various component scores and compared between components, facilities and districts. The association between contextual factors and the degree of fidelity will be asseseed by multivariate analysis, individual and team characteristics, facility features and organisational culture indicators will be included in the regression. Health system financial and economic costs of implementing the four components of the ICDM model will be calculated using an ingredient approach. The unit of implementation costs will be by activity of each of the major components of the ICDM model. Sensitivity analysis will be carried out using clinic size, degree of fidelity and different inflation situations.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the University of Cape Town and University of the Witwatersrand Human Research ethics committees. The results of the study will be shared with the Department of Health, participating health facilities and through scientific publications and conference presentations.
Physical activity and its association with psychosocial health following bariatric surgery
Authors: Maggisano Melinda , Maeda Azusa , Okrainec Allan , Wnuk Susan , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Jackson Timothy 
Published: June 2019

Physical activity (PA) helps sustain weight loss and may also provide psychological benefits in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Using a set of questionnaires, we demonstrated that bariatric patients with increased level of PA at 1-year follow-up had better psychosocial outcomes including depressive symptoms and mental health-related quality of life compared with those who had reduced or unchanged level of PA. Our findings indicate the benefit of incorporating PA in the postoperative care for bariatric patients. Novelty Postoperative behavioural change in terms of physical activity improves psychosocial health in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
Green emitted CdSe@ZnS quantum dots for FLIM and STED imaging applications
Authors: Zhao Mengjie , Ye Shuai , Peng Xiao , Song Jun , Qu Junle 
Published: June 2019

Inorganic quantum dots (QDs) have excellent optical properties, such as high fluorescence intensity, excellent photostability and tunable emission wavelength, etc., facilitating them to be used as labels and probes for bioimaging. In this study, CdSe@ZnS QDs are used as probes for Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (FLIM) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy imaging. The emission peak of CdSe@ZnS QDs centered at 526[Formula: see text]nm with a narrow width of 19[Formula: see text]nm and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was 64%. The QDs presented excellent anti-photobleaching property which can be irradiated for 400[Formula: see text]min by STED laser with 39.8[Formula: see text]mW. The lateral resolution of 42.0[Formula: see text]nm is demonstrated for single QDs under STED laser (27.5[Formula: see text]mW) irradiation. Furthermore, the CdSe@ZnS QDs were for the first time used to successfully label the lysosomes of living HeLa cells and 81.5[Formula: see text]nm lateral resolution is obtained indicating the available super-resolution applications in living cells for inorganic QD probes. Meanwhile, Eca-109 cells labeled with the CdSe@ZnS QDs was observed with FLIM, and their fluorescence lifetime was around 3.1[Formula: see text]ns, consistent with the in vitro value, suggesting that the QDs could act as a satisfactory probe in further FLIM-STED experiments.
Deep Precomputed Radiance Transfer for Deformable Objects
Authors: Li Yue , Wiedemann Pablo , Mitchell Kenny 
Published: June 2019

We propose, DeepPRT, a deep convolutional neural network to compactly encapsulate the radiance transfer of a freely deformable object for rasterization in real-time.
With pre-computation of radiance transfer (PRT) we can store complex light interactions appropriate to the shape of a given object at each surface point for subsequent real-time rendering via fast linear algebra evaluation against the viewing direction and distant light environment. However, performing light transport projection into an efficient basis representation, such as Spherical Harmonics (SH), requires a numerical Monte Carlo integration computation, limiting usage to rigid only objects or highly constrained deformation sequences. The bottleneck, when considering freely deformable objects, is the heavy memory requirement to wield all pre-computations in rendering with global illumination results. We present a compact representation of PRT for deformable objects with fixed memory consumption, which solves diverse non-linear deformations and is shown to be effective beyond the input training set. Specifically, a U-Net is trained to predict the coefficients of the transfer function (SH coefficients in this case), for a given animation's shape query each frame in real-time.
We contribute deep learning of PRT within a parametric surface space representation via geometry images using harmonic mapping with a texture space filling energy minimization variant. This surface representation facilitates the learning procedure, removing irrelevant, deformation invariant information; and supports standard convolution operations. Finally, comparisons with ground truth and a recent linear morphable-model method is provided.
The Sustained Induction of c-MYC Drives Nab-Paclitaxel Resistance in Primary Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Parasido Erika , Avetian George S. , Naeem Aisha , Graham Garrett , Pishvaian Michael , Glasgow Eric , Mudambi Shaila , Lee Yichien , Ihemelandu Chukwuemeka , Choudhry Muhammad , Peran Ivana , Banerjee Partha P. , Avantaggiati Maria Laura , Bryant Kirsten , Baldelli Elisa , Pierobon Mariaelena , Liotta Lance , Petricoin Emanuel , Fricke Stanley T. , Sebastian Aimy , Cozzitorto Joseph , Loots Gabriela G. , Kumar Deepak , Byers Stephen , Londin Eric , DiFeo Analisa , Narla Goutham , Winter Jordan , Brody Jonathan R. , Rodriguez Olga , Albanese Chris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with limited and, very often, ineffective medical and surgical therapeutic options. The treatment of patients with advanced unresectable PDAC is restricted to systemic chemotherapy, a therapeutic intervention to which most eventually develop resistance. Recently, nab-paclitaxel (n-PTX) has been added to the arsenal of first-line therapies, and the combination of gemcitabine and n-PTX has modestly prolonged median overall survival. However, patients almost invariably succumb to the disease, and little is known about the mechanisms underlying n-PTX resistance. Using the conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cell approach, we established and verified continuously growing cell cultures from treatment-naïve patients with PDAC. To study the mechanisms of primary drug resistance, nab-paclitaxel–resistant (n-PTX-R) cells were generated from primary cultures and drug resistance was verified in vivo, both in zebrafish and in athymic nude mouse xenograft models. Molecular analyses identified the sustained induction of c-MYC in the n-PTX-R cells. Depletion of c-MYC restored n-PTX sensitivity, as did treatment with either the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, or a small-molecule activator of protein phosphatase 2a.Implications:The strategies we have devised, including the patient-derived primary cells and the unique, drug-resistant isogenic cells, are rapid and easily applied in vitro and in vivo platforms to better understand the mechanisms of drug resistance and for defining effective therapeutic options on a patient by patient basis.
Toi, Moi et le Soi
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"Mon cher Francis,quand on m’a invité à faire partie de cette fête en ton honneur, j’ai accepté avec beaucoup de plaisir, et je me suis dit que je pouvais parler un peu de toi – de toi et de moi, de nous deux. Mais on m’a vite rappelé qu’il ne s’agirait pas d’une journée de souvenirs et d’anecdotes mais d’un jour de travail, qu’il faudrait être sérieux. « En ce cas » (me suis-je dit), « puisque je ne pourrai pas parler de toi et de moi, pourquoi ne pas parler du toi et du moi ? pourquoi ne pas parler des nous ? Ainsi j’aborderai des questions on ne peut plus sérieuses – questions à propos du sujet, de la subjectivité, de l’identité personnelle et de la personne, et de tout le bataclan. » Mais ce projet aussi, j’ai dû l’abandonner. En effet, on m’a expliqué que, bien que l’on puisse parler du moi, on ne peut pas parler du toi – et évidemment ânonner ici ce matin sur le moi sans jamais mentionner le toi serait horriblement égoïste."
Dire dans le Monde
Authors: Benoist Jocelyn 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"Dans Dire le monde, Francis Wolff avance de façon répétée la formule suivant laquelle le langage « fait monde ». Une telle expression peut être prise en plusieurs sens. On peut l’entendre d’abord au sens où le langage en lui-même constituerait un monde et, en effet, en un sens, lorsqu’il explicite et justifie cette formule, Francis nous montre que le langage partage quelque chose avec la notion de « monde » : sans doute en premier lieu son universalité (DM, p. 19), car comme le monde est tout ce qui existe, et peut-être plus généralement tout ce qui est, de la même façon, le langage fondamentalement se définit comme ce qui peut parler de tout."
Solipsime ou Division du Travail ?
Authors: Delpla Isabelle 
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
"La philosophie morale reste tributaire d’une forme de solipsisme. Par la désignation de solipsisme moral, je ne vise pas l’égoïsme, ni la solitude psychologique ou existentielle du sujet, mais avant tout la forme logique d’une telle attitude. Celle-ci consiste à se concevoir comme le seul agent moral. Dans un tel solipsisme, les concepts moraux se définiraient dans les mêmes termes si j’étais effectivement le seul agent moral dans un monde d’êtres sensibles (victimes impuissantes, enfants, personnes dépendantes, voire animaux) ou d’éventuels hommes-machines qui ne sont pas eux- mêmes considérés comme des agents. Les intermédiaires de mon action sont vus comme des médiations si transparentes qu’ils pourraient être remplacés par des machines sans modifier la nature de mon obligation morale. Dès lors, ma responsabilité est illimitée et totale : les limites de mon obligation morale sont les limites du monde. Toute limitation de l’action relève de l’immoralité. Les médiations humaines de l’action, la pluralité quantitative des agents moraux et la pluralité qualitative des postures morales n’y ont pas de place."
Efficacy of Pharmacologic and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Therapies in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Tseng Andrew S. , Kunze Katie L. , Lee Justin Z. , Amin Mustapha , Neville Matthew R. , Almader-Douglas Diana , Killu Ammar M. , Madhavan Malini , Cha Yong-Mei , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Friedman Paul A. , Gersh Bernard J. , Mulpuru Siva K. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction has been the subject of numerous randomized controlled trials involving medications and cardiac implantable electronic device therapies. As newer effective pharmacological therapies suggest significant reductions in all-cause mortality, the role of additional device therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction deserves further scrutiny.

Methods:
A systematic review and network meta-analysis on the effect of medication and device therapies in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction on all-cause mortality was performed. Randomized controlled trials published between January 1980 and July 2017 were identified using Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials databases. Pcnetmeta package in R was used to calculate treatment arm–based estimated rates, rate ratios, and probability ranks with 95% credible intervals.

Results:
Combination therapy of ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors or ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) with β-blockers (BBs) alone or in addition to implantable cardiac defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillators demonstrated a significant reduction of all-cause mortality when compared with placebo. By probability rank, implantable cardiac defibrillator+ACE inhibitor or ARB+BB+mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, implantable cardiac defibrillator+ACE inhibitor or ARB+BB, and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor+BB+mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist combination therapies have the highest probability of being ranked the best treatment. There was no significant difference in the rate of mortality when comparing angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor+BB+mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist to implantable cardiac defibrillator+optimal pharmacological combination therapy.

Conclusions:
BB and renin-angiotensin system blockers alone or in combination with defibrillator device therapy have robust evidence for a reduction in mortality compared with placebo. The comparative efficacy of pharmacological therapy with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors and device therapy deserves further investigation.