bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing diagnostic outcomes of children with fetal alcohol syndrome in South Africa with diagnostic outcomes when using the updated Institute of Medicine diagnostic guidelines
Authors: Viljoen Denis , Louw Jacobus G. , Lombard Chanelle , Olivier Leana 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionDuring fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) prevalence studies in South Africa, cases of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were identified that presented differently from the 2016 Hoyme et al. modified Institute of Medicine (IOM) criteria. We compared diagnostic outcomes of children diagnosed with FAS using a combination of the 2005 Hoyme et al. criteria and the “gestalt method” in South Africa to the diagnosis they would have received using the latest Hoyme et al. criteria. The frequency with which dysmorphic features presented was compared to the frequency with which they were reported in the revised criteria which drew on a larger sample.MethodsData were gathered from four South African FASD prevalence studies. Dysmorphology data, anthropometric data, and final diagnosis for participants (N = 917) were extracted.ResultsOf the 390 participants with diagnoses of “full FAS,” 175 would not have received a “full FAS” diagnosis using the 2016 criteria. Of these, 21 would have received a pFAS diagnosis, and 154 would have received a diagnosis of ARND or a “no‐FASD” diagnosis. The frequency of all but five dysmorphic features differ significantly between this sample and the sample examined for the 2016 criteria. There is more variability in the features present in the current sample.DiscussionDifferences regarding diagnostic outcomes and prevalence of dysmorphic features suggest that strict application of the diagnostic criteria may miss children who present with FAS. We recommend including gestalt‐based screening in a research setting where the clinical experience is available to inform future guidelines.
Risk factors for transplant renal artery stenosis after live donor transplantation
Authors: Nicholson M L , Yong C , Trotter P B , Grant L , Hosgood S A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Renal transplant surgeons are making increasing use of live donor kidneys with multiple renal arteries. This study aimed to identify independent risk factors for the development of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) in the modern era of complex arterial reconstruction for multiple vessels.

Methods
Multivariable logistic regression analysis with a stepwise variable deletion model was used to identify risk factors for the development of TRAS in a consecutive series of live donor kidney transplants.

Results
Of 506 kidney transplants, 19 (3·8 per cent) had evidence of significant TRAS on CT angiography. Functional TRAS, defined by improvement in BP control or renal function after correction of a stenosis by angioplasty, occurred in 13 of 506 patients (2·6 per cent). Independent risk factors for TRAS were: use of an explanted internal iliac artery graft from the recipient (odds ratio (OR) 4·95; P = 0·020) and total ischaemia time (OR 1·82; P = 0·010). TRAS was associated with a lower 5-year allograft survival rate (79 versus 88·7 per cent; P = 0·020) but only one graft loss was attributed directly to TRAS. The 5-year allograft survival rate after internal iliac artery grafting was 86 per cent.

Conclusion
Although use of an internal iliac artery graft is an independent risk factor for TRAS after live donor kidney transplantation, this technique is still a useful option for complex arterial reconstruction.
A composite lymphoma combining a Hodgkin lymphoma and a marginal zone lymphoma transformed into a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Auditeau Claire , Lambotte Olivier , Feriel Joffrey , Lazure Thierry , Turhan Ali , Aumont Cédric 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageComposite lymphoma is defined as the occurrence of two or more distinct lymphoma types in a single anatomic site. We report a case of Richter syndrome with both Hodgkin lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in the bone marrow. This diagnostic was suspected because of discrepancies between histological and cytological results.
Rehabilitation after severe maxillectomy using a magnetic obturator (a case report)
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Shirani Gholamreza , Mahmoudi Xaniar 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MassageThis report presents oral rehabilitation of a maxillectomy patient after cancer surgery by fabricating a prosthesis comprising of a denture and a custom‐made magnetic retainer. Herein, we present a case of hemimaxillectomy due to squamous cell carcinoma, which was efficiently rehabilitated with implants. Patient's condition and his profile acceptably improved following rehabilitation.
Theoretical development of suitable test scenarios for the determination of the bending tensile strength of thin glass with or without influence of edges and their experimental implementation
Authors: Neugebauer Jürgen , Kasumovic Irma , Blazevic Ivo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe use of thin glass in the field of electrical engineering for screens of mobile phones or laptops is well known and the necessary material requirements such the scratch resistance has been sufficiently researched. For applications in the building sector, however, the determination of the bending tensile strength of such thin glass necessary for structural design represents a new research topic. The test scenarios described in the standard series EN 1288 relevant for the determination of the bending tensile strength, such as the ring‐on‐ring test or the four‐point‐bending test, are not applicable for glass with a thickness of less than 3 mm. One reason is e.g. the high flexibility of the glass in case of four‐point‐bending tests. As a consequence, these test scenarios have to be adapted or new test scenarios have to be developed. The double‐ring bending tensile test was adapted in that the loading ring, e.g. was replaced by a pressure pad of soft elastomer. Thus, a constant stress distribution in the area under the pressure pad necessary for the determination of the probability of failure could be achieved. The four‐point‐bending test was replaced by test set‐ups in which the force is introduced in‐plane – parallel to the glass surface – as a membrane force in the glass and the glass is thereby deformed or bent until breakage analogous to a stability test. Another variant is bending with a constant bending radius. In this test set‐up, a circular arc is created by precise adjustment of the distance of the supported smaller straight edges and their rotation. Thus, the length of the edge, at which sets a constant bending moment can be increased. These alternative test scenarios were theoretically developed and analysed or partially experimentally investigated by means of test series. These experimental series serve to validate the theoretical development of suitable experimental scenarios and are intended to provide a first approach for a necessary adaptation of EN 1288.
Double‐Skin Façades: Boundary Conditions, Challenging Examples and Developments
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Cseh Xenia , Rohrer Emil , Teich Martien 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe combination of the double skin concept with unitized systems made current typologies of double glazed units possible. Two concepts are mainly discussed especially in high‐profile markets like London or Switzerland: Closed Cavity Façades (CCF) adopting the concept of pressurized multilayer ETFE‐foil cushion constructions and Self‐Conditioning Façades (SCF) using the concept of pressure relaxed insulated glass. The advantages of double skin façades lay in an increased performance of the skin regarding acoustics, individual ventilation and conditioning concepts. The protection of sunscreens especially for high‐rise buildings is also a benefit. Disadvantages result through the reduction of usable floor space, the increase of used resources and material, and condensation risks, which makes more planning and design effort necessary. Both concepts were formed by available technological solutions. The necessary technological effort for CCF and the extended design efforts for SCF can be avoided by relying on a more simpler and modular glazing typology, which is the result of current developments for the next generation of double skin façades, called ISOshade®.
Feasibility of bent glasses with small bending radii
Authors: Rist Tobias , Gremmelspacher Matthias , Baab Adrian 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn the field of architecture, the use of glass plays a significant role. There exists a high demand for curved or flat but structured glass, or glass with features such as decorative elements, functions for power generation or optical applications. Of particular interest are glass sheets with small curvature structures with bending radii smaller than 10 mm. Fraunhofer IWM has a special glass bending furnace with a laser which is used for local heating the glass. There also exists an advanced material model and a detailed description of the thermal conductance and temperature distribution for process control by numerical simulation. First demonstrators were formed and demonstrate the possibilities for the use in modern facades.
Design of statically indeterminate reinforced glass beams: accounting for system action
Authors: Martens Kenny , Caspeele Robby , Belis Jan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTransparency has become a trend in architecture. In the near future, the scale of application of structural glass will grow from elements (beams, columns, etc.) to entire systems (floors, roofs, façades, frames, etc.). Especially beams, being one of the most important and common building components, will be combined into load‐carrying systems (e. g. a supporting grid for floors and roofs). However, this scale‐up cannot be realized without incorporating structural safety and robustness on an element and system level, as required by modern building codes. For glass beams, research resulted in the concept of hybrid glass beams, in which a glass web is combined with flanges or reinforced with another material that provides post‐fracture strength and ductility, hence providing structural element safety and robustness. Especially the stainless steel reinforced glass beam, based on the principle of reinforced concrete, proved satisfactory. To investigate the feasibility of applying this concept in innovative beam systems, experimental five‐point bending tests on 3.0 m beams and membrane action tests on 4.3 m beams were performed, resulting in satisfactory load‐carrying behaviour with significant stress redistribution due to plastic hinge formation and membrane action, both compressive and tensile. Both features/mechanisms resulted in significant increases in the post‐fracture capacity of the beam systems. For the latter's design, focusing only on glass fracture is insufficient, as the element and system safety requirements should also be satisfied. Therefore, post‐fracture capacity and ductility should be incorporated in design. The latter requires an amount of reinforcing material, which decreases the beam's overall transparency. Therefore it is important that design aims at achieving maximum capacity and ductility with as little reinforcing material as possible. This paper investigates the effect of stress redistribution and membrane action on the achievable capacity of a reinforced glass beam system. It is concluded that both features/mechanisms, and especially membrane action can make a significant contribution to the ultimate capacity and ductility of the beam system. This paper also considers the incorporation of these mechanisms in design, resulting in optimal (i.e. minimal) usage of materials. Compared to statically determinate beams, a decrease in reinforcing material is possible, resulting in ever more transparent structures.
Racking stiffness and strength of cold‐formed steel frames braced with adhesively bonded glass panels
Authors: Van Lancker Bert , De Corte Wouter , Belis Jan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn cold‐formed steel building construction, cold‐formed steel shear wall panels (CFSSWPs) are used as primary lateral load resisting components, that maintain the stability and the integrity of the structure. Traditionally, a CFSSWP consists of a cold‐formed steel frame with structural sheeting, such as oriented strand board (OSB), gypsum wall board (GWB), plywood or other, screwed onto it. These type of elements have some unique properties, such as high elastic stiffness, large displacement ductility, etc. On the other hand, as the studs are closely spaced – a value of 60 cm for the spacing is common – only small openings are present, hence transparency is limited. To increase the transparency of cold‐formed steel buildings, which is a tendency in contemporary architecture, load‐bearing capacities of glass can be utilised by bracing the frames with glass instead of traditional sheeting. The conventional two‐component structural silicone Sikasil® SG‐500 is considered for the load‐bearing cold‐formed steel‐glass connection. In this research, the racking behaviour of 1.5 m by 3.5 m cold‐formed steel frames onto which glass panels are circumferentially bonded on both sides is determined by means of experimental tests. This paper reports about the conducted experiments and the obtained data. From the tests, a value of 35.25±0.452 kN/m was obtained for the racking strength of the considered hybrid cold‐formed steel‐glass panels. A comparison with traditional CFSSWPs showed that the hybrid element can obtain similar racking strengths. Therefore, the study revealed the potential of hybrid cold‐formed steel‐glass elements using structural silicones to provide sufficient in‐plane lateral stiffness and strength.
Development of a mobile device for the evaluation of the current in‐situ stress condition in glass – Experimental and numerical analysis for bonded and mechanical joints
Authors: Schaaf Benjamin , Abeln Björn , Richter Carl , Feldmann Markus , Glaser Marcus , Hildebrand Jörg , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Baitinger Mascha , Reshamvala Marcel , Tsaklakidis Marco , Siebert Barbara , Herrmann Tobias , Haese Andreas 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMonitoring installation process and utilisation of glass and hybrid components in structural glass has become increasingly important. However, to date, there are no generally accepted standard procedures to evaluate the in‐situ stress condition of a built‐in glass. With the aid of photoelasticity a qualitative statement of the stress state in the glass can be made. For this reason, a measurement method and a functional model for a mobile device are being developed with which it is possible to measure in‐situ and identify stress peaks, for example, due to incorrect assembly of a glass fitting. By supporting finite element method (FEM) simulations it is possible to transfer the qualitative results of photoelastic measurements into quantitative results.
Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Simulations Show Saccharide Distortion is Required for Reaction in Hen Egg‐White Lysozyme
Authors: Limb Michael A. L. , Suardíaz Reynier , Grant Ian M. , Mulholland Adrian J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations on lysozyme show significant distortion of the bound saccharide is required to facilitate the catalytic reaction.
Cyclic Iodine Reagents Enable Allylic Alcohols for Alkyl Boronate Addition/Rearrangement by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Liu Mingshang , Huang Hanchu , Chen Yiyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAll‐carbon quaternary centers are prevalent in bioactive small molecules. However, their efficient construction remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Here we report cyclic iodine(III) reagents enable the synthesis of cyclopentanones, cyclohexanones, and dihydrofuranones bearing α‐quaternary centers by photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds by the formation of the novel cyclic iodine(III) reagent‐allylic alcohol complex, which enables the first alkyl boronate addition and semi‐pinacol rearrangement of allylic alcohols with dual alcohol and olefin activation. The reaction is suitable for gram scale synthesis and is transformable to alcohols, olefins, oximes, and lactones with an α‐quaternary center in one step.
Targeted Profiling of RNA Translation
Authors: Li Ben B. , Qian Changli , Roberts Thomas M. , Zhao Jean J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis unit describes a reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR)–based method for gene‐targeted measurement of RNA translation levels. The method includes washing and lysing cells with a buffer containing cycloheximide to enrich ribosomal accumulation at translation initiation sites (TIS), followed by enzymatic treatment to generate ribosomal footprints, reverse transcription targeted towards TIS of specific transcripts of interest to generate complementary DNA (cDNA), and qPCR to measure the abundance of these footprints. This method enables time‐ and cost‐effective assessment of changes in translation levels across focused panels of genes and across numerous samples. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metformin attenuates renal medullary hypoxia in diabetic nephropathy through inhibition uncoupling protein‐2
Authors: Christensen Michael , Schiffer Tomas A. , Gustafsson Håkan , Krag Søren Palmelund , Nørregaard Rikke , Palm Fredrik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study is to examine the effect of metformin on oxygen metabolism and mitochondrial function in the kidney of an animal model of insulinopenic diabetes in order to isolate any renoprotective effect from any concomitant effect on blood glucose homeostasis.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg kg−1) and when stable started on metformin treatment (250 mg kg−1) in the drinking water. Rats were prepared for in vivo measurements 25 to 30 days after STZ injection, where renal function, including glomerular filtration rate and sodium transport, was estimated in anesthetized rats. Intrarenal oxygen tension was measured using oxygen sensors. Furthermore, mitochondrial function was assessed in mitochondria isolated from kidney cortex and medulla analysed by high‐resolution respirometry, and superoxide production was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance.ResultsInsulinopenic rats chronically treated with metformin for 4 weeks displayed improved medullary tissue oxygen tension despite of no effect of metformin on blood glucose homeostasis. Metformin reduced UCP2‐dependent LEAK and differentially affected medullary mitochondrial superoxide radical production in control and diabetic rats.ConclusionsMetformin attenuates diabetes‐induced renal medullary tissue hypoxia in an animal model of insulinopenic type 1 diabetes. The results suggest that the mechanistic pathway to attenuate the diabetes‐induced medullary hypoxia is independent of blood glucose homeostasis and includes reduced UCP2‐mediated mitochondrial proton LEAK.
Worldwide distribution of blood values in elite track and field athletes: Biomarkers of altered erythropoiesis
Authors: Robinson Neil , Saugy Jonas , Schütz Frédéric , Faiss Raphael , Baume Norbert , Giraud Sylvain , Saugy Martial 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor the first time, blood samples were collected in all athletes participating in a major sporting event of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) (Athletics World Championships 2011, Daegu, Korea). All variables obtained from blood analyses were incorporated into the individual blood profiles of each athlete for the so‐called athlete biological passport (ABP). This unprecedented data collection highlighted differences for a few blood biomarkers commonly measured and reported for the ABP on some group of athletes. Subsequently, blood tests analyses for all athletes were repeated during the following World Championships (2013, Moscow, Russia). Both sets of blood tests were then used to set up the distribution of blood values for track and field athletes considering potential confounding factors such as gender, age, discipline, origin of the athlete (continental classification), and time of blood collection. Implementation of well‐defined distribution of blood values will allow to improve the estimation of blood doping prevalence among a specific population of athletes in track and field.
How to estimate population size in crocodylians? Population ecology of American crocodiles in Coiba Island as study case
Authors: Balaguera‐Reina Sergio A. , Venegas‐Anaya Miryam D. , Rivera‐Rivera Betzaida , Morales Ramírez Diego A. , Densmore Llewellyn D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReliable estimates of crocodylian population size are desirable for both understanding the ecology and natural history of species and developing sound conservation and management plans. However, choosing appropriate methods to estimate population numbers can be difficult due to the paucity of comprehensive analyses regarding their effectiveness, robustness, and applicability. We estimated the American crocodile population size in the southern tip of Coiba Island, Panama, using both spotlight surveys (Messel's and King's visible fraction estimations) and mark–recapture (POPAN formulation–superpopulation) methods. We assessed and compared the outcomes of these methods with the overall capture record for the study area from 2009 to 2013, evaluating their applicability, accuracy, strengths, and limitations. Using historical and current capture data, we defined a minimum population size of ~112 non‐hatchling animals in our study area, which was larger than both Messel's (19.00 ± 7.50 individuals) and King's (25.71 ± 7.25 individuals) population size estimates, revealing that these latter approaches clearly underestimate population numbers. We estimated a total population size that range between 147 and 257 individuals based on POPAN formulation grouping the data by sex and age groups as the most plausible population size of the American crocodile population in this area at the time. We analyzed and discussed sources of bias in population size estimations for all methods used in the present study, providing recommendations to minimize errors and improve estimations. Finally, we analyzed and compared population ecology attributes obtained in our study with what have been reported in other insular and coastal areas across the American crocodile range, increasing knowledge about the ecology of the species.