bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Hourly Prediction Model of Relativistic Electrons Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Qian Yedong , Yang Jianwei , Zhang Hua , Shen Chao , Wu Yewen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring the recovery of a magnetic storm, the relativistic electrons at megaelectron volt energy from the outer radiation belt will be enhanced at the geosynchronous orbit. In particular, the >2‐MeV electrons could penetrate the surface of satellites and accumulate inside. After a long period, such an electron flux effect could cause satellites to be unable to function properly or to fail completely. Unlike previous prediction models of relativistic electrons focusing mainly on forecasting the daily value, we have developed an hourly prediction model to learn more detailed changes. In addition, due to external forcing by the solar wind, relativistic electron flux changes rapidly and is very nonstationary during magnetic storms. We use the method of empirical mode decomposition to reduce these effects. The result shows that the average prediction efficiency of hourly predictions of relativistic electrons from 2001 to 2006 is approximately 0.73. Moreover, we use this method to forecast daily fluence to validate empirical mode decomposition. The prediction efficiency of daily fluence from 2001 to 2006 is 0.80, and for the period in which the relativistic electrons change particularly rapidly during 2001–2004, the prediction efficiency is 0.79. Meanwhile, we compare with the prediction values without using empirical mode decomposition. The result shows a great improvement using this method. Furthermore, it shows that the nonstationary nature of the electron flux time series has a great impact on the prediction of relativistic electrons.
Past Variability of Mediterranean Sea Marine Heatwaves
Authors: Darmaraki Sofia , Somot Samuel , Sevault Florence , Nabat Pierre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are episodes of anomalous warming in the ocean, responsible for widespread impacts on marine ecosystems. For the first time summer MHW variability at surface and three ecosystem‐relevant depths of the upper Mediterranean Sea are assessed here for 1982–2017. We apply a MHW detection algorithm on a hindcast simulation, performed with a high‐resolution, fully coupled regional climate system model. Identified surface events last, on average, 15 days with a mean intensity of 0.6 °C above threshold and a maximum sea surface coverage of around 39%. Subsurface events are seasonally shifted and appear, on average, longer and more intense but less frequent and less extended in space than surface MHWs. We also find significant trends of increase in most MHW properties throughout the period, with severe surface MHWs detected for the first time in 2012, 2015, and 2017. However, MHW spatial ≪ hot spots ≫ are inhomogeneously distributed in surface and deeper layers.
Climate Sensitivity on Geological Timescales Controlled by Nonlinear Feedbacks and Ocean Circulation
Authors: Farnsworth A. , Lunt D. J. , O'Brien C. L. , Foster G. L. , Inglis G. N. , Markwick P. , Pancost R. D. , Robinson S. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate sensitivity is a key metric used to assess the magnitude of global warming given increased CO2 concentrations. The geological past can provide insights into climate sensitivity; however, on timescales of millions of years, factors other than CO2 can drive climate, including paleogeographic forcing and solar luminosity. Here, through an ensemble of climate model simulations covering the period 150–35 million years ago, we show that climate sensitivity to CO2 doubling varies between ∼3.5 and 5.5 °C through this time. These variations can be explained as a nonlinear response to solar luminosity, evolving surface albedo due to changes in ocean area, and changes in ocean circulation. The work shows that the modern climate sensitivity is relatively low in the context of the geological record, as a result of relatively weak feedbacks due to a relatively low CO2 baseline, and the presence of ice and relatively small ocean area in the modern continental configuration.
The Seasonality and Regionality of MJO Impacts on North American Temperature
Authors: Jenney A. M. , Nardi K. M. , Barnes E. A. , Randall D. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the Madden‐Julian Oscillation's (MJO) influence on North American temperature is strongest in winter. A growing body of literature demonstrates that the MJO also influences North American weather in other seasons. Here we use observations to investigate the seasonality and regionality of the MJO's impact on weather station daily maximum air temperature over North America (NA). Consistent with previous work, we find the strongest MJO signal in temperatures over eastern NA and Alaska during winter. However, the peak MJO signals over much of central NA, western NA, and south Texas occur outside of winter. We investigate how this translates to forecast skill and conduct leave‐one‐out cross‐validated empirical forecasts of maximum surface air temperature using the phase of the MJO and lead time as predictors. Our results suggest the potential for more skillful long‐range forecasts of weather over NA during spring, summer, and fall.
Creep Deformation in Vaca Muerta Shale From Nanoindentation to Triaxial Experiments
Authors: Mighani Saied , Bernabé Yves , Boulenouar Abdelhamid , Mok Ulrich , Evans Brian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe tested samples cored from the Vaca Muerta shale reservoir using nanoindentation (2 min) and triaxial (12 hr) creep experiments in which confining pressure and differential stresses were <40 MPa. In all cases, we observed transient creep wherein strain increased as the logarithm of time. Creep was always compactional, led to increased moduli, was triggered by changes in either hydrostatic or deviatoric stress, and occurred under loads well below the failure stress. Our results are consistent with yield cap models proposed to describe shear‐enhanced compaction of sandstones and carbonates, assuming that the yield surface depends on strain rate. We compared our results to earlier studies that observed the transition from transient creep to approximately constant strain rate behavior. If short‐term creep can be quantified by a creep modulus, C, and long‐term creep, after a transition time, tc, by a linear viscosity, η, then η = Ctc. Owing to heterogeneity, the local values of Young's and creep moduli, E and C, measured during nanoindentation, varied by several orders of magnitude. Simple averaging of the indentation results overestimated E and C, as compared to their triaxial counterparts. The kinetics of log time creep, which is seen in various materials and loading circumstances, has been represented by a simple conceptual model incorporating the interplay of viscoelastic elements with widely distributed characteristic times. Thus, we argue that log time creep is an emerging phenomenon, independent of the identities of the underlying physical mechanisms.
Introduction to Special Issue on Gas Hydrate in Porous Media: Linking Laboratory and Field‐Scale Phenomena
Authors: Ruppel C. D. , Lee J. Y. , Pecher I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe proliferation of drilling expeditions focused on characterizing natural gas hydrate as a potential energy resource has spawned widespread interest in gas hydrate reservoir properties and associated porous media phenomena. Between 2017 and 2019, a Special Section of this journal compiled contributed papers elucidating interactions between gas hydrate and sediment based on laboratory, numerical modeling, and field studies. Motivated mostly by field observations in the northern Gulf of Mexico and offshore Japan, several papers focus on the mechanisms for gas hydrate formation and accumulation, particularly with vapor phase gas, not dissolved gas, as the precursor to hydrate. These studies rely on numerical modeling or laboratory experiments using sediment packs or benchtop micromodels. A second focus of the Special Section is the role of fines in inhibiting production of gas from methane hydrate, controlling the distribution of hydrate at a pore scale, and influencing the bulk behavior of seafloor sediments. Other papers fill knowledge gaps related to the physical properties of hydrate‐bearing sediments and advance new approaches in coupled thermal‐mechanical modeling of these sediments during hydrate dissociation. Finally, one study addresses the long‐standing question about the fate of methane hydrate at the molecular level when CO2 is injected into natural reservoirs under hydrate‐forming conditions.
Characteristics of Heavy Particulate Matter Pollution Events Over Hong Kong and Their Relationships With Vertical Wind Profiles Using High‐Time‐Resolution Doppler Lidar Measurements
Authors: Yang Yuanjian , Yim Steve H.L. , Haywood Jim , Osborne Martin , Chan Jazz C.S. , Zeng Zhaoliang , Cheng Jack C.H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have reported boundary layer features related to air pollution. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the characteristics and mechanisms of vertical wind in the formation and evolution of heavy particulate matter pollution episodes (EP) in Hong Kong. In this study, we analyzed the vertical characteristics of heavy particulate matter (PM) pollutions over Hong Kong and their relationships with vertical wind profiles using high‐time‐resolution Doppler lidar measurements and hourly meteorological and air quality observations. We identified nine EPs and show that the events were closely coupled to various vertical wind profiles in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Our analysis suggests that strong vertical wind speed with wind shear at certain heights in the PBL had a positive correlation with surface PM during most superregional transboundary EPs. The maximum transport height extends from the surface to about 2.0 km or even higher; these transport heights differed among superregional and regional transboundary EPs. At peak surface pollution concentrations during the nine EPs, the surface PM10 had a significant negative correlation with PBL heights/mixing layer heights, while the averaged wind shear in the PBL was significantly positively correlated. These EPs with different mixing layer heights were mainly driven by different vertical wind shear conditions under various weather systems related to surface high pressure, cold fronts, dust storms, and typhoons. This work provides scientific evidence that surface PM pollutions were closely related to the characteristics of vertical profiles during the transboundary air pollutions.
Quantifying Riverine Recharge Impacts on Redox Conditions and Arsenic Release in Groundwater Aquifers Along the Red River, Vietnam
Authors: Nghiem Athena A. , Stahl Mason O. , Mailloux Brian J. , Mai Tran Thi , Trang Pham Thi , Viet Pham Hung , Harvey Charles F. , van Geen Alexander , Bostick Benjamin C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWidespread contamination of groundwater with geogenic arsenic is attributed to microbial dissolution of arsenic‐bearing iron (oxyhydr)oxides minerals coupled to the oxidation of organic carbon. The recharge sources to an aquifer can influence groundwater arsenic concentrations by transport of dissolved arsenic or reactive constituents that affect arsenic mobilization. To understand how different recharge sources affect arsenic contamination—in particular through their influence on organic carbon and sulfate cycling—we delineated and quantified recharge sources in the arsenic affected region around Hanoi, Vietnam. We constrained potential end‐member compositions and employed a novel end‐member mixing model using an ensemble approach to apportion recharge sources. Groundwater arsenic and dissolved organic carbon concentrations are controlled by the dominant source of recharge. High arsenic concentrations are prevalent regardless of high dissolved organic carbon or ammonium levels, indicative of organic matter decomposition, where the dominant recharge source is riverine. In contrast, high dissolved organic carbon and significant organic matter decomposition are required to generate elevated groundwater arsenic where recharge is largely nonriverine. These findings suggest that in areas of riverine recharge, arsenic may be efficiently mobilized from reactive surficial environments and carried from river‐aquifer interfaces into groundwater. In groundwaters derived from nonriverine recharge areas, significantly more organic carbon mineralization is required to obtain equivalent levels of arsenic mobilization within inland sediments. This method can be broadly applied to examine the connection between hydrology, geochemistry and groundwater quality.
RACK1 interaction with c-Src is essential for osteoclast function
Authors: Park Jin Hee , Jeong Eutteum , Lin Jingjing , Ko Ryeojin , Kim Ji Hee , Yi Sol , Choi Youngjin , Kang In-Cheol , Lee Daekee , Lee Soo Young 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe scaffolding protein receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) mediates receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL)-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in osteoclast precursors; however, the role of RACK1 in mature osteoclasts is unclear. The aim of our study was to identify the interaction between RACK1 and c-Src that is critical for osteoclast function. A RACK1 mutant protein (mutations of tyrosine 228 and 246 residues to phenylalanine; RACK1 Y228F/Y246F) did not interact with c-Src. The mutant retained its ability to differentiate into osteoclasts; however, the integrity of the RANKL-mediated cytoskeleton, bone resorption activity, and phosphorylation of c-Src was significantly decreased. Importantly, lysine 152 (K152) within the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of c-Src is involved in RACK1 binding. The c-Src K152R mutant (mutation of lysine 152 into arginine) impaired the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. These findings not only clarify the role of the RACK1-c-Src axis as a key regulator of osteoclast function but will also help to develop new antiresorption therapies to prevent bone loss-related diseases.
Phase I/II trial of bendamustine, ixazomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Dhakal Binod , D’Souza Anita , Hamadani Mehdi , Arce-Lara Carlos , Schroeder Katrina , Chhabra Saurabh , Shah Nirav N. , Gauger Katelyn , Keaton Taylor , Pasquini Marcelo , Hari Parameswaran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this phase I/II trial, BID, bendamustine (70, 80, or 90 mg/m2), ixazomib (4 mg), and dexamethasone (40 mg), was administered to 28 patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) exposed to bortezomib and lenalidomide and refractory to at least one. A 3 + 3 dose escalation based on dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) was employed in phase I (total 15); 2/6 patients developed DLTs (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) at dose level 3 establishing the recommended phase II dose as bendamustine 80 mg/m2, ixazomib 4 mg, and dexamethasone 40 mg. The median age was 67 years (range, 42–72), and 43% were females. Patients received a median of 4 (range, 4–9) prior lines of therapy, of which ~50% were double refractory. In phase II, total 19 patients were treated. With a median follow-up of 17 months, 11% achieved very good partial response, 50% achieved partial response, and 27% achieved stable disease. Median progression free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival were 5.2 months (95% CI, 1.96–8.3) and 23.2 months (95% CI 16.3–30.07). The most frequent adverse events were anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, nausea, diarrhea, and infections. Peripheral neuropathy was infrequent. BID is a well-tolerated and effective combination therapy for patients with RRMM.
Author Correction: Caveolin-1 promotes invasion and metastasis by upregulating Pofut1 expression in mouse hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Huang Huang , Zhang Junshi , Wu Qiong , Chen Xixi , Huang Tianmiao , Li Wenli , Liu Yubo , Zhang Jianing 
Published: July 2019

Since publication of this paper, the authors have noticed an error in one of the images. In Fig. 2c, the graphs of c-Myc and CREB are incorrect. During image synthesis, these two images were confused with other images from the raw data. The error does not impact the conclusions of the article. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Long noncoding RNA LINC02418 regulates MELK expression by acting as a ceRNA and may serve as a diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Yinghui , Du Tiantian , Du Lutao , Li Peilong , Li Juan , Duan Weili , Wang Yunshan , Wang Chuanxin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSome types of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in human diseases, including cancer. However, the overall biological roles and clinical significances of most lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) are not fully understood. First, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between CRC tissues and noncancerous tissues. We identified that LINC02418 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Next, we evaluated the effect of LINC02418 on CRC tumorigenesis and its regulatory functions of absorbing microRNA and indirectly stimulating protein expression by acting as a ceRNA. Mechanistically, LINC02418 acted as a ceRNA to upregulate MELK expression by absorbing miR-1273g-3p. In addition, the diagnostic performance of cell-free LINC02418 and exosomal LINC02418 were both evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Exosomal LINC02418 could distinguish the patients with CRC from the healthy controls (AUC = 0.8978, 95% confidence interval = 0.8644–0.9351) better than cell-free LINC02418 (AUC = 0.6784, 95% confidence interval = 0.6116–0.7452). Collectively, we determined that LINC02418 was significantly overexpressed in CRC and that the LINC02418–miR-1273g-3p–MELK axis played a critical role in CRC tumorigenesis. Finally, exosomal LINC02418 is a promising, novel biomarker that can be used for the clinical diagnosis of CRC.
Experimental realization of a non-magnetic one-way spin switch
Authors: Mossman Maren E. , Hou Junpeng , Luo Xi-Wang , Zhang Chuanwei , Engels Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractControlling magnetism through non-magnetic means is highly desirable for future electronic devices, as such means typically have ultra-low power requirements and can provide coherent control. In recent years, great experimental progress has been made in the field of electrical manipulation of magnetism in numerous material systems. These studies generally do not consider the directionality of the applied non-magnetic potentials and/or magnetism switching. Here, we theoretically conceive and experimentally demonstrate a non-magnetic one-way spin switch device using a spin-orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate subjected to a moving spin-independent repulsive dipole potential. The physical foundation of this unidirectional device is based on the breakdown of Galilean invariance in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Such a one-way spin switch opens an avenue for designing quantum devices with unique functionalities and may facilitate further experimental investigations of other one-way spintronic and atomtronic devices.
Single-cell CAS-seq reveals a class of short PIWI-interacting RNAs in human oocytes
Authors: Yang Qiyuan , Li Ronghong , Lyu Qifeng , Hou Li , Liu Zhen , Sun Qiang , Liu Miao , Shi Huijuan , Xu Beiying , Yin Mingru , Yan Zhiguang , Huang Ying , Liu Mofang , Li Yiping , Wu Ligang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmall RNAs have important functions. However, small RNAs in primate oocytes remain unexplored. Herein, we develop CAS-seq, a single-cell small RNA sequencing method, and profile the small RNAs in human oocytes and embryos. We discover a class of ~20-nt small RNAs that are predominantly expressed in human and monkey oocytes, but not in mouse oocytes. They are specifically associated with HIWI3 (PIWIL3), whereas significantly shorter than the commonly known PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), designated as oocyte short piRNAs (os-piRNAs). Notably, the os-piRNAs in human oocytes lack 2’-O-methylation at the 3’ end, a hallmark of the classic piRNAs. In addition, the os-piRNAs have a strong 1U/10 A bias and are enriched on the antisense strands of recently evolved transposable elements (TEs), indicating the potential function of silencing TEs by cleavage. Therefore, our study has identified an oocyte-specific piRNA family with distinct features and provides valuable resources for studying small RNAs in primate oocytes.
Octa-coordinated alkaline earth metal–dinitrogen complexes M(N2)8 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba)
Authors: Wang Qian , Pan Sudip , Lei Shujun , Jin Jiaye , Deng Guohai , Wang Guanjun , Zhao Lili , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report the isolation and spectroscopic identification of the eight-coordinated alkaline earth metal–dinitrogen complexes M(N2)8 (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) possessing cubic (Oh) symmetry in a low-temperature neon matrix. The analysis of the electronic structure reveals that the metal-N2 bonds are mainly due to [M(dπ)]→(N2)8 π backdonation, which explains the observed large red-shift in N-N stretching frequencies. The adducts M(N2)8 have a triplet (3A1g) electronic ground state and exhibit typical bonding features of transition metal complexes obeying the 18-electron rule. We also report the isolation and bonding analysis of the charged dinitrogen complexes [M(N2)8]+ (M=Ca, Sr).
Identifying substitutional oxygen as a prolific point defect in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Barja Sara , Refaely-Abramson Sivan , Schuler Bruno , Qiu Diana Y. , Pulkin Artem , Wickenburg Sebastian , Ryu Hyejin , Ugeda Miguel M. , Kastl Christoph , Chen Christopher , Hwang Choongyu , Schwartzberg Adam , Aloni Shaul , Mo Sung-Kwan , Frank Ogletree D. , Crommie Michael F. , Yazyev Oleg V. , Louie Steven G. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Weber-Bargioni Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChalcogen vacancies are generally considered to be the most common point defects in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors because of their low formation energy in vacuum and their frequent observation in transmission electron microscopy studies. Consequently, unexpected optical, transport, and catalytic properties in 2D-TMDs have been attributed to in-gap states associated with chalcogen vacancies, even in the absence of direct experimental evidence. Here, we combine low-temperature non-contact atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, and state-of-the-art ab initio density functional theory and GW calculations to determine both the atomic structure and electronic properties of an abundant chalcogen-site point defect common to MoSe2 and WS2 monolayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition, respectively. Surprisingly, we observe no in-gap states. Our results strongly suggest that the common chalcogen defects in the described 2D-TMD semiconductors, measured in vacuum environment after gentle annealing, are oxygen substitutional defects, rather than vacancies.