bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleavable Bio-based Epoxy Matrix for More Eco-Sustainable Thermoset Composite Components
Authors: Rossitti Ilaria , Bolis Arianna , Sambucci Matteo , Sarasini Fabrizio , Tirillò Jacopo , Valente Marco 
Published: November 2024

Cleavable bio-based epoxy resin systems are emerging, eco-friendly, and promising alternatives to the common thermoset ones, providing quite comparable thermo-mechanical properties while enabling a circular and green end-of-life scenario of the composite materials. In addition to being designed to incorporate a bio-based resin greener than the conventional fully fossil-based epoxies, these formulations involve cleaving hardeners that enable, under mild thermo-chemical conditions, the total recycling of the composite material through the recovery of the fiber and matrix as a thermoplastic. This research addressed the characterization, processability, and recyclability of a new commercial cleavable bio-resin formulation (designed by R-Concept company) that can be use in the fabrication of fully recyclable polymer composites. The resin was first studied to investigate the influence different post-curing regime (room temperature, 100°C, and 140°C) on its thermal stability and glass transition temperature. According to the results obtained, the non-post-cured resin displayed the highest Tg (i.e., 76.6°C). The same post-curing treatments were also probed on the composite laminates (glass and carbon) produced via a lab-scale vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding system evaluating the flexural behavior, microstructure and dynamic-mechanical characteristics. The post-curing at 100°C would enhances the crosslinking of polymer chains, improving the mechanical strength of composites. With respect the non-post-cured laminates, the flexural strength improved by 3% and 12% in carbon and glass-based composites, respectively. The post-curing at 140°C was instead detrimental for the mechanical performance Finally, on the produced laminates, a chemical recycling procedure was implemented, demonstrating the feasibility of recovering both thermoplastic-based resin and fibers.
An Ethnography Case Study on Reading Habit of One Selected EFL Learner
Authors: Arrasyid Farouk Imam , Williyan Aldha , Putri Aprilia Riyana , Muzakki Muhammad Alie 
Published: November 2024

This ethnographic case study delves into the intricate reading habits of a fifth-semester EFL learner, exploring the multifaceted dynamics of her engagement with both fiction and non-fiction literature. The research unfolds the pivotal role of early exposure to reading, fostered by parental encouragement, in shaping a lifelong commitment to literary pursuits. The participant's diverse reading practices, encompassing print and e-books, reflect a nuanced approach to language acquisition and vocabulary enrichment. The study reveals a positive correlation between extensive reading habits and academic performance, particularly in TOEFL reading comprehension and overall language proficiency. The participant's transition from composing stories in Indonesian to writing in English, coupled with the abandonment of subtitles while engaging with English media, underscores the transformative impact of sustained reading habits on language skills. This research not only enhances the understanding of individual reading behaviors but also emphasizes broader implications for language development, academic success, and the cultivation of writing skills. Further research should investigate the unique impacts of different genres on language acquisition, the influence of digital platforms on reading behaviors, and how reading intersects with socioeconomic and cultural factors. A longitudinal study tracking individuals from infancy to adulthood might uncover the long-term impacts of early literacy. Further investigation is required to explore the impact of personalized reading programs in EFL courses on language proficiency and academic performance. Further research in this field can potentially enhance EFL teaching and overall progress.
Designing Communicative Competence-Based English as a Foreign Language Curriculum Development in Integrated Islamic Elementary Schools
Authors: Amalia Taranindya Zulhi , Susanti Rini Dwi 
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the implementation and design of English language curriculum development based on communicative competence in integrated Islamic primary schools. The data was taken from interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The findings indicated that other parties, including the Olympic and competition procurement institutions, were involved in the development of the English language curriculum. English language teachers construct lesson plans under the supervision of the principal, guaranteeing fair execution. The Language Festival is a new design for developing communicative competence at the elementary school level through mentoring subject teachers as well as support from the school and parents. It is designed to demonstrate the richness and diversity of language and instruct and enlighten individuals interested in languages and cultures about the languages spoken worldwide. This kind of external institution involvement is important to increase students' enthusiasm in primary school. The challenges include adapting face-to-face and remote curriculums, internet networks, and school manual content. They are solved by maintaining qualifying time allotments, partnering with language experts, leveraging asynchronous media, updating handbooks, and training for teachers.
Novel Index for Structural Demolition Efficiency
Authors: Adel Mohamed , Eraky Atef , Samir Rania , Salama Abdallah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The demolition process is just as important as the construction process when the building's life span comes to an end, or if there are construction or soil issues. Although there are various traditional and non-traditional demolition methods used to demolish different structures in various scenarios, there are no criteria or indicators to evaluate the efficiency of demolition methods or scenarios. Thus, an indicator is defined in this research to determine whether the demolition scenario is the optimal one. The use of this indicator provides the selection of appropriate values for parameters that control the demolition process, such as delay time, the columns to be blown up, and the collapse mechanism. The proposed indicator relies on the maximum distance of debris, which is crucial for determining the safe zone during the demolition process. To pronounce the benefit of using this indicator, it is calculated for a real-case explosive demolition radio mast with a height of 220 m and for a tall building consisting of 15 floors by using extreme loading for structures software (ELS) that uses the Applied Element Method (AEM). The delay time parameter is studied in this research to show its effect on demolition efficiency. It is found that a suggested demolition scenario for the mast tower is better than the real demolition by thirteen times, and for the multi-story building demolition, it is found that the optimum value of delay time is 0.3 sec.
Artificial Intelligence for Body Composition Assessment Focusing on Sarcopenia
Authors: Onishi Sachiyo , Kuwahara Takamichi , Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Yamada Keisaku , Shimizu Masahito , Niwa Yasumasa , Yamaguchi Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to address the limitations of conventional methods for measuring skeletal muscle mass for sarcopenia diagnosis by introducing an artificial intelligence (AI) system for direct Computed Tomography (CT) analysis. The primary focus was on enhancing simplicity, reproducibility, and convenience, and assessing the accuracy and speed of AI compared with conventional methods.
Methods
A cohort of 3096 cases undergoing CT imaging up to the third lumbar (L3) level between 2011 and 2021 were included. Random division into preprocessing and sarcopenia cohorts was performed, with further random splits into training and validation cohorts for BMI_AI and Body_AI creation. Sarcopenia_AI utilizes the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), which is calculated as (total skeletal muscle area at L3)2 / (height). The SMI was conventionally measured twice, with the first as the AI label reference and the second for comparison. Agreement and diagnostic change rates were calculated. Three groups were randomly assigned and 10 images before and after L3 were collected for each case. AI models for body region detection (Deeplabv3) and sarcopenia diagnosis (EfficientNetV2-XL) were trained on a supercomputer, and their abilities and speed per image were evaluated.
Results
The conventional method showed a low agreement rate (κ coefficient) of 0.478 for the test cohort and 0.236 for the validation cohort, with diagnostic changes in 43% of cases. Conversely, the AI consistently produced identical results after two measurements. The AI demonstrated robust body region detection ability (intersection over Union (IoU) = 0.93), accurately detecting only the body region in all images. The AI for sarcopenia diagnosis exhibited high accuracy, with a sensitivity of 82.3%, specificity of 98.1%, and a positive predictive value of 89.5%.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the reproducibility of the conventional method for sarcopenia diagnosis was low. The developed sarcopenia diagnostic AI, with its high positive predictive value and convenient diagnostic capabilities, is a promising alternative for addressing the shortcomings of conventional approaches.
Silver and titanium oxides coated on g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of mixture of Brilliant green-Congo red dyes and ciprofloxacin antibiotic under visible light irradiation
Authors: Prabakaran E. , Pillay K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Silver and titanium oxides coated on a graphitic carbon nitride (Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4) nanocomposite was created by single-step thermal polymerization. The Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were within the numerous techniques used to characterize this nanocomposite. Both the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the Tau plot indicated that the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite had a lower electron-hole pair recombination rate and lower band gap energy. The Ag2O and TiO2 coating development on g-C3N4 was verified by TEM. The Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was used in the photocatalytic degradation of a combination of the dyes namely Brilliant green (BG)-Congo red (CR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic under visible light irradiation. According to the research, under visible light irradiation, the Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalytic activity simultaneously degraded a mixture of BG-CR dyes, with BG (93%) and CR (85%) degrading percentages in 70 minutes and CIP (82%) degrading in 120 minutes. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for the degradation of BG and CR dyes under visible light irradiation, whereas holes and hydroxyl radicals were investigated as important oxidative species in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP utilizing Ag2O/TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite.
Effect of Mig/mag Welding Energy on the Generation of Ultraviolet Radiation (Uva) in A36 Metal Structures, According to Occupational Hygiene Standards
Authors: Pontes Luis Felipe Furtado , Martins Waldemir dos Passos , de Meneses Valter Alves , Ferreira Rafael Pereira , Leal Valdemar Silva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Steel structures made of A36 steel have a great impact on the industrial sector due to their applicability in structures and components, from beams to columns and support bases. The ultraviolet radiation emitted by the arc welding process can be influenced by various factors. In order to determine the influence that the welding energy on metal structures can have on the increase of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation, this study conducted experiments with MIG/MAG welding under the conditions of three shielding gases: 100%CO2, 100% Ar, and the mixture Ar + 25%CO2, and measured the radiation emitted 86 cm from the source in the welder's breathing zone. The effective irradiance values obtained were compared with those of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The values found were in the range of 317 - 1226 μW/cm², which are higher than the ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation levels allowed by the ACGIH. UVA levels were significantly affected by the inert gases used. The effective irradiance showed variations with welding energy, with greater proportional influences for the 100%CO2 gas compared to the other gases in the study.
Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in European and Indian subcontinent descendent newborns: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Simões João Ferreira , Simão Margarida , Rocha Paula , Ferreira Sara , Perry Rosário , Amaral Diana , Costa Beatriz , Coelho Mário 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is more common in Asian-descendent populations but differences in disease severity are poorly reported. Our study aimed to compare neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia severity between European and Indian subcontinent descendent newborns.
Methods
We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study including newborns admitted with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (January 2016 to December 2021). Patients were followed during admission, comparing those with European ancestry (control group) and Indian subcontinent ancestry (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal) (study group). Primary outcome was severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB > 25 mg/dL, phototherapy > 6 hours or need for exchange transfusion [ET]) and secondary was TSB levels. Adjusted analysis for potential confounding factors was performed using binary logistic regression models.
Results
Of 110 newborns included, 27 (24.5%) had Indian subcontinent ancestry. Occurrence of TSB > 25 mg/dL was significantly higher in the study group (22.2% vs 4.8%, p = 0.006), while no differences were noted in exposure to phototherapy > 6 hours and ET therapy. Logistic regression models for confounding factors adjustment showed Indian subcontinent ancestry as an independent risk factor for TSB > 25 mg/dL (OR 7.49, CI 95% [1.23–45.50]). The study group revealed also higher absolute values of TSB both at admission (22.0 mg/dL vs 19.6 mg/dL, p = 0.013) and discharge (13.6 mg/dL vs 11.4 mg/dL, p = 0.005).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that newborns with Indian subcontinent ancestry might show higher risk for development of severe hyperbilirubinemia compared to European ancestry newborns. Implementing earlier treatment thresholds in this subset of patients may help prevent severe hyperbilirubinemia.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Preventive Practices Towards Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases Among Teachers in Schools Implementing the Home-Grown School Feeding Program in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Daniel Chukwuemeka , Nwazulu Blessing Hafizetu , Udeh Susan Chioma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) pose a significant health burden in low- and middle-income countries, particularly affecting school-aged children. Teachers play a crucial role in STH control efforts, but their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding STH prevention remain understudied. This research aimed to assess the KAP of primary school teachers involved in the Home-Grown School Feeding Program (HGSFP) in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria.
Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 108 primary school teachers from nine randomly selected schools in Enugu Metropolis was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sociodemographic characteristics and KAP scores. Chi-square tests were employed to examine associations between teachers' characteristics and their KAP levels. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of good knowledge, attitudes, and practices, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. All analyses were conducted via SPSS version 22.
Results
The mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 24.9/30, 26.9/30, and 29.5/39, respectively. The study revealed high levels of knowledge (69.4% good) and positive attitudes (77.8% good) towards STH among teachers, contrasting with lower levels of good preventive practices (27.8%). Age was significantly associated with both knowledge and practices, with younger teachers (25–34 years) demonstrating better knowledge (94.1% vs 56.4%, p = 0.018) and practices (52.9% vs 30.8%, p = 0.015) than older colleagues (≥ 45 years). Years of teaching experience significantly influenced attitudes, with teachers having 11–20 years of experience showing the most favourable attitudes (95.8% good, p = 0.030). Good knowledge was a significant predictor of both positive attitudes (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.01–6.94) and good practices (OR: 7.72, 95% CI: 5.66–35.9).
Conclusions
This study highlights a critical gap between teachers' knowledge and attitudes and their preventive practices regarding STH. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, particularly for older and more experienced teachers, to bridge this gap and improve STH prevention in schools. Comprehensive educational programs and practical skills development are recommended to increase STH control efforts in the region.
Ultra Low Loss Dual Microchannel Incorporated SPR Based PCF Sensor for Malaria Diagnosis
Authors: S Praveena , K Senthilnathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor for diagnosing deadly malaria. The proposed structure adapts an external sensing scheme that enables the malaria parasite-infected blood sample to be detected easily. We have incorporated dual microchannel in our model to obtain high sensitivity by orienting the plasmonic layer closer to the core region. The flat surface of the microchannel is coated with a silver plasmonic metal and an overlayer of 2D material is coated onto the plasmonic layer. We compare the sensitivity obtained from the 2D MoS2 and graphene layer coating onto the silver layer. We find that MoS2 provides better sensitivity than the uncoated or graphene-coated models. Further, the number of layers of MoS2 has been optimized to be 5 layers of thickness 3.25 nm. After the set of parameters optimization, the proposed sensor exhibits the maximum sensitivities of 7758 nm/RIU, 9210 nm/RIU, and 12,428 nm/RIU, with the maximum spectral resolution of 1.29× 10− 5, 1.09× 10− 5, 8.04× 10− 6 RIU for the schizont, trophozoite, and ring phases, respectively. Besides, we also compute the amplitude sensitivities and they are 354.57, 387.71, and 339.34 RIU− 1 with the maximum amplitude resolution of 8.2× 10− 6,4.9× 10− 6, and 2.06× 10− 6 for the schizont, trophozoite, and ring phases, respectively. Further, we also investigate the other important characteristics of the proposed sensor such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak, and figure of merit (FOM). In addition to the high sensitivity, the proposed structure also exhibits ultra-low loss for detection. Hence, it can be driven using a low-power source through which the experimental implementation is simplified. Thus, the numerical results corroborate that the proposed sensor is better than existing ones in terms of good sensing performance, cost-effective fabrication, and ultra-low power consumption.
Cryptotanshinone Alleviates Ischemic Retinopathy by Targeting Mitochondrial DNA- STING-NF-κB Axis-Mediated Microglia Activation
Authors: Qiu Wanlu , Zheng Zhihua , Wang Jiaojiao , Cai Youran , Zou Jiami , Yang Pinglian , Ye Weile , Jin Mei , Huang Ziqing , Zhang Dongmei , Zhou Qing , Liu Zhiping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Pathological retinal angiogenesis is a major cause of vision impairment and blindness. The development of pathological angiogenesis in ischemic retinopathy is linked to oxidative stress and dysregulated inflammatory response, in which microglia play a vital role. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), a bioactive compound found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, demonstrates protective characteristics such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, it might influence abnormal retinal angiogenesis, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are yet not well known. Overactivation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a DNA-sensing adaptor protein, in microglia is a critical mechanism in ischemic retinopathy. Here, we showed that CTS treatment substantially reduced microglial activation and pathological retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). The integration of network pharmacology, bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing analyses, and verifying experiments revealed a strong association between the suppression of the STING pathway in microglia and the protective effect of CTS on ischemic retinopathy. Mechanistically, firstly, CTS suppressed the release of cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a causative factor for STING activation, by suppressing mitochondrial ROS-induced mitochondrial damage. Secondly, CTS inhibited STING’s translocation from the ER to the Golgi and subsequent activation of the downstream TBK1-NF-κB pathway by binding to its Ser162 site. Finally, CTS accelerated lysosome-mediated STING protein degradation by improving lysosomal function. Intriguingly, the inhibitory effects of CTS on microglial activation and retinal neovascularization were eliminated by STING activation. Furthermore, CTS treatment did not provide further protection in Sting deficient (Sting−/−) OIR mice. Collectively, our study indicated that CTS, a natural inhibitor of STING, alleviated ischemic retinopathy by inhibiting the mtDNA-STING-NF-κB signaling pathway via multifaceted mechanisms in microglia.
Insulator defect detection algorithm based on adaptive feature fusion and lightweight YOLOv5s
Authors: He Zhendong , Wang Yiming , Zou Yunxuan , Liu Jie , Zheng Anping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In power line inspections, detecting insulator defects is critical due to the potential breakdown and damage resulting from long-term exposure to the natural environment. However, challenges persist in practical detection processes, such as scarce insulator defect images, difficulty detecting minor defects, and high memory consumption of deep learning models. We propose an insulator defect detection algorithm based on adaptive feature fusion and the lightweight YOLOv5s model to address these issues. First, we enhance the existing dataset by employing techniques like flipping, random pixel manipulation, noise addition, and contrast/brightness adjustments to increase the diversity of training samples. Next, we integrate the adaptive feature fusion (ASFF) module to enable the network to learn relationships between different feature maps, enhancing semantic information and improving the network's ability to detect minor defects. Finally, we replace the backbone of YOLOv5s with the lightweight convolutional neural network EfficientNet, making the network more efficient and enabling it to focus more on target features. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in insulator defect detection. The model achieves an accuracy rate of 96.4%, a recall rate of 96.1%, and an mAP of 97.6%, effectively enhancing network performance.