bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ВИВЧЕННЯ ГОСТРОЇ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ТА ПРОТИЗАПАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ СПИРТОВИХ ЕКСТРАКТІВ ТРАВИ СНУ БІЛОГО (PULSATILA ALBA)
Authors: Khropot O. S. , Konechnyi Yu. T. , Kolb Y. I. , Konechna R. T. , Hubytska I. І. , Holota S. M. , Poshyvak O. В. , Nektehaev I. O. , Pinyazhko O. R. , Novikov V. P. 
Published: July 2019

Мета роботи. Дослідження гострої токсичності та протизапальної (антиексудативної) активності спиртових екстрактів трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba).
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження гострої токсичності проведено на 78 безпородних білих щурах обох статей масою 190–220 г, яким вводили тестовані спиртові екстракти трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba) одноразово внутрішньошлунково за допомогою металевого зонда в дозах 5000, 10 000 та 15 000 мг/кг. Для вивчення антиексудативної активності використовували карагенінову модель запального набряку задньої лапи білих щурів (42 тварини). Досліджувані екстракти вводили внутрішньошлунково в дозі 2 мл/кг. Як препарати порівняння використовували диклофенак натрію та кеторолаку трометаміну.
Результати й обговорення. Результати вивчення гострої токсичності екстрактів трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba) свідчать про відсутність будь-яких токсичних проявів при внутрішньошлунковому введенні в дозах 5000, 10 000 та 15 000 мг/кг на білих щурах, що дозволяє віднести їх до VI класу токсичності (відносно нешкідливі речовини). Спиртові екстракти трави сну білого проявляють протизапальну активність на карагеніновій моделі запального набряку лапи білого щура і фармакологічний ефект залежить від концентрації етанолу та співвідношення сировина:екстрагент. Найкращу антиексудативну активність проявляє 70 % спиртовий екстракт (1:20), показник пригнічення запальної реакції якого становив 27 %, що дещо поступається референс-препаратам (нижче на 10 та 17 % відносно кеторолаку трометаміну та диклофенаку натрію, відповідно) та є хорошим показником для рослинних протизапальних засобів.
Висновки. Досліджено гостру токсичність та протизапальну дію спиртових екстрактів трави сну білого (Pulsatila alba) і встановлено, що 70 % спиртовий екстракт (1:20) є відносно нешкідливою речовиною (VI клас токсичності) та проявляє виразну протизапальну активність (показник пригнічення запальної реакції - 27 %) на карагеніновій моделі запального набряку лапи білого щура при внутрішньошлунковому введенні.
РОЛЬ СИСТЕМИ ГЕМОСТАЗУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ РЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ВТРАТ
Authors: Dubyk L. V. 
Published: July 2019

Мета дослідження – оцінити зміни деяких показників гемостазу в І триместрі вагітності в жінок із спонтанним абортом.
Матеріали та методи. Нами було обстежено 153 вагітних, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні в гінекологічному відділенні КМУ «МКПБ № 1», а також перебували на обліку в Жіночій консультації № 1. З них 30 жінок були із неускладненою вагітністю в терміни 6–12 тиж. (I група), 60 – із загрозою мимовільного аборту (II група), 34 – зі спонтанним абортом (III група) і 29 – з вагітністю, що не розвивається (IV група).
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. У більшості вагітних із невиношуванням ранньої вагітності на момент обстеження були виявлені порушення в системі гемостазу, що свідчили про збільшення потенціалу згортання крові (гіперкоагуляцію). Так, показником активації внутрішнього шляху згортання служить зменшення величини активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу (Р<0,05). Кількість фібриногену в групі із самовільним перериванням вагітності і вагітністю, що не розвивається, перевищує показники при неускладненій вагітності I триместру удвічі (Р<0,05). Аналіз агрегаційної активності тромбоцитів пацієнток із невиношуванням вагітності в ранні терміни виявив невелике, але достовірне збільшення агрегації тромбоцитів порівняно з показником при фізіологічній вагітності (Р<0,05).
Висновок. У жінок із невиношуванням вагітності спостерігаються зміни зі сторони системи гемостазу, які проявляються явищами гіперкоагуляції та активацією внутрішнього шляху згортання крові.
Annual Incidence of Adult and Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States
Authors: Holmberg Mathias J. , Ross Catherine E. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Chan Paul S. , Duval-Arnould Jordan , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Yankama Tuyen , Donnino Michael W. , Andersen Lars W. ,   for the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators*, Chan Paul , Grossestreuer Anne V. , Moskowitz Ari , Edelson Dana , Ornato Joseph , Berg Katherine , Peberdy Mary Ann , Churpek Matthew , Kurz Michael , Starks Monique Anderson , Girotra Saket , Perman Sarah , Goldberger Zachary , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Atkins Dianne , Foglia Elizabeth , Fink Ericka , Lasa Javier J. , Roberts Joan , Bembea Melanie , Gaies Michael , Kleinman Monica , Gupta Punkaj , Sutton Robert , Sawyer Taylor 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Previous incidence estimates may no longer reflect the current public health burden of cardiac arrest in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients across the United States. The aim of this study was to estimate the contemporary annual incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children across the United States and to describe trends in incidence between 2008 and 2017.

Methods and Results:
Using the Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation registry, we developed a negative binomial regression model to estimate the incidence of index pulseless in-hospital cardiac arrest based on hospital-level characteristics. The model was used to predict the number of in-hospital cardiac arrests in all US hospitals, using data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey. We performed separate analyses for adult (≥18 years) and pediatric (<18 years) cardiac arrests. Additional analyses were performed for recurrent cardiac arrests and pediatric patients requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation for poor perfusion (nonpulseless events). The average annual incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States was estimated at 292 000 (95% prediction interval, 217 600–503 500) adult and 15 200 pediatric cases, of which 7100 (95% prediction interval, 4400–9900) cases were pulseless cardiac arrests and 8100 (95% prediction interval, 4700–11 500) cases were nonpulseless events. The rate of adult cardiac arrests increased over time, while pediatric events remained more stable. When including both index and recurrent in-hospital cardiac arrests, the average annual incidence was estimated at 357 900 (95% prediction interval, 247 100–598 400) adult and 19 900 pediatric cases, of which 8300 (95% prediction interval, 4900–11 200) cases were pulseless cardiac arrests and 11 600 (95% prediction interval, 6400–16 700) cases were nonpulseless events.

Conclusions:
There are ≈292 000 adult in-hospital cardiac arrests and 15 200 pediatric in-hospital events in the United States each year. This study provides contemporary estimates of the public health burden of cardiac arrest among hospitalized patients.
Results of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilient Cities (TOMACS)
Authors: Misumi Ryohei , Shoji Yoshinori , Saito Kazuo , Seko Hiromu , Seino Naoko , Suzuki Shin-ichi , Shusse Yukari , Hirano Kohin , Bélair Stéphane , Chandrasekar V. , Lee Dong-In , Pereira Filho Augusto Jose , Nakatani Tsuyoshi , Maki Masayuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilient Cities (TOMACS) began as a Japanese domestic research project in 2010 and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind local high-impact weather (LHIW) in urban areas, to improve forecasting techniques for LHIW, and to provide high-resolution weather information to end-users (local governments, private companies, and the general public) through social experiments. Since 2013, the project has been expanded as an international Research and Development Project (RDP) of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Through this project, the following results were obtained: 1) observation data for LHIW around Tokyo were recorded using a dense network of X-band radars, a C-band polarimetric radar, a Ku-band fast-scanning radar, coherent Doppler lidars, and the Global Navigation Satellite System; 2) quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms for X-band polarimetric radars have been developed as part of an international collaboration; 3) convection initiation by the interaction of sea breezes and urban impacts on the occurrence of heavy precipitation around Tokyo were elucidated by a dense observation network, high-resolution numerical simulations, and different urban surface models; 4) an “imminent” nowcast system based on the vertically integrated liquid water derived from the X-band polarimetric radar network has been developed; 5) assimilation methods for data from advanced observation instruments such as coherent Doppler lidars and polarimetric radars were developed; and 6) public use of high-resolution radar data were promoted through the social experiments.
Comments on “Is Condensation-Induced Atmospheric Dynamics a New Theory of the Origin of the Winds?”
Authors: Makarieva A. M. , Gorshkov V. G. , Nobre A. D. , Nefiodov A. V. , Sheil D. , Nobre P. , Li B.-L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Here we respond to Jaramillo et al.’s recent critique of condensation-induced atmospheric dynamics (CIAD). We show that CIAD is consistent with Newton’s laws while Jaramillo et al.’s analysis is invalid. To address implied objections, we explain our different formulations of “evaporative force.” The essential concept of CIAD is condensation’s role in powering atmospheric circulation. We briefly highlight why this concept is necessary and useful.
Fast Biases in Monsoon Rainfall over Southern and Central India in the Met Office Unified Model
Authors: Keane Richard J. , Williams Keith D. , Stirling Alison J. , Martin Gill M. , Birch Cathryn E. , Parker Douglas J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) is known to produce too little total rainfall on average over India during the summer monsoon period, when assessed for multiyear climate simulations. We investigate how quickly this dry bias appears by assessing the 5-day operational forecasts produced by the MetUM for six different years. It is found that the MetUM shows a drying tendency across the five days of the forecasts, for all of the six years (which correspond to two different model versions). We then calculate each term in the moisture budget, for a region covering southern and central India, where the dry bias is worst in both climate simulations and weather forecasts. By looking at how the terms vary with forecast lead time, we are able to identify biases in the weather forecasts that have been previously identified in climate simulations using the same model, and we attempt to quantify how these biases lead to a reduction in total rainfall. In particular, an anticyclonic bias develops to the east of India throughout the forecast, and it has a complex effect on the moisture available over the peninsula, and a reduction in the wind speed into the west of the region appears after about 3 days, indicative of upstream effects. In addition, we find a new bias that the air advected from the west is too dry from very early in the forecast, and this has an important effect on the rainfall.
Evaluation of Rainfall Forecasts with Heavy Rain Types in the High-Resolution Unified Model over South Korea
Authors: Song Hwan-Jin , Lim Byunghwan , Joo Sangwon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Heavy rainfall events account for most socioeconomic damages caused by natural disasters in South Korea. However, the microphysical understanding of heavy rain is still lacking, leading to uncertainties in quantitative rainfall prediction. This study is aimed at evaluating rainfall forecasts in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS), a high-resolution configuration of the Unified Model over the Korean Peninsula. The rainfall of LDAPS forecasts was evaluated with observations based on two types of heavy rain events classified from K-means clustering for the relationship between surface rainfall intensity and cloud-top height. LDAPS forecasts were characterized by more heavy rain cases with high cloud-top heights (cold-type heavy rain) in contrast to observations showing frequent moderate-intensity rain systems with relatively lower cloud-top heights (warm-type heavy rain) over South Korea. The observed cold-type and warm-type events accounted for 32.7% and 67.3% of total rainfall, whereas LDAPS forecasts accounted for 65.3% and 34.7%, respectively. This indicates severe overestimation and underestimation of total rainfall for the cold-type and warm-type forecast events, respectively. The overestimation of cold-type heavy rainfall was mainly due to its frequent occurrence, whereas the underestimation of warm-type heavy rainfall was affected by both its low occurrence and weak intensity. The rainfall forecast skill for the warm-type events was much lower than for the cold-type events, due to the lower rainfall intensity and smaller rain area of the warm-type. Therefore, cloud parameterizations for warm-type heavy rain should be improved to enhance rainfall forecasts over the Korean Peninsula.
Interaction between Indoor Occupational Heat Stress and Environmental Temperature Elevations during Heat Waves
Authors: Ciuha Urša , Pogačar Tjaša , Bogataj Lučka Kajfež , Gliha Mitja , Nybo Lars , Flouris Andreas D. , Mekjavic Igor B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Occupational heat strain is a public health threat, and for outdoor industries there is a direct influence from elevated environmental temperatures during heat waves. However, the impact in indoor settings is more complex as industrial heat production and building architecture become factors of importance. Therefore, this study evaluated effects of heat waves on manufacturing productivity. Production halls in a manufacturing company were instrumented with 33 dataloggers to track air temperature and humidity. In addition, outdoor thermal conditions collected from a weather station next to the factory and daily productivity evaluated as overall equipment efficiency (OEE) were obtained, with interaction between productivity and thermal conditions analyzed before, during, and after four documented heat waves (average daily air temperature above 24°C on at least three consecutive days). Outdoor (before: 21.3° ± 4.6°C, during: 25.5° ± 4.3°C, and after: 19.8° ± 3.8°C) and indoor air temperatures (before: 30.4° ± 1.3°C, during: 32.8° ± 1.4°C, and after: 30.1° ± 1.4°C) were significantly elevated during the heat waves (p &lt; 0.05). OEE was not different during the heat waves when compared with control, pre-heat-wave, and post-heat-wave OEE. Reduced OEE was observed in 3-day periods following the second and fourth heat wave (p &lt; 0.05). Indoor workers in settings with high industrial heat production are exposed to a significant thermal stress that may increase during heat waves, but the impact on productivity cannot be directly derived from outdoor factors. The significant decline in productivity immediately following two of the documented heat waves could relate to a cumulative effect of the thermal strain experienced during work combined with high heat stress in the recovery time between work shifts.
Intraluminal Esophageal Pressures in Speaking Laryngectomees
Authors: Aguiar-Ricz Lílian , Ricz Hilton , Veríssimo De Mello-Filho Francisco , Castro Perdoná Gleici , Oliveira Dantas Roberto 
Published: July 2019

Objectives The objective of the present study was to evaluate intraluminal esophageal pressure during voice and speech emission in speaking laryngectomees with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis. Methods In our prospective analysis in a tertiary-care academic hospital, 25 laryngectomees were divided into 2 groups: 11 speaking individuals with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis and a control group of 14 nonspeaking laryngectomees. All patients were subjected to manometry during voice and speech emission tests. We determined the pressures achieved in the distal, middle, and proximal parts of the esophagus. Results Statistical analysis revealed that the amplitude of pressure in the distal esophagus during sound emission was higher in speaking laryngectomees; in the middle esophagus, intraluminal pressure during emission of the sentence was higher in speaking subjects, and in the proximal esophagus there was no difference between the groups. Conclusions During the manometric evaluation of the distal and middle esophagus in the presence of voice and speech emission, the intraluminal pressure revealed a significant difference for the speaking laryngectomees with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis. The proximal esophagus behaved similarly in the groups of speakers and nonspeakers. Speaking laryngectomees with a tracheoesophageal prosthesis depend on a differentiated performance of the middle and distal parts of the esophagus.
Myeloma of Laryngeal Cartilage: Literature Review and Case Study
Authors: You Woo Sun , Bhuta Sandeep 
Published: July 2019

Background: Myeloma of laryngeal cartilage (MLC) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm which has not been well characterized. However, it is an important differential diagnosis of laryngeal cartilage mass as it can indicate the presence of underlying systemic hematological diseases, such as multiple myeloma (MM), that is associated with poor prognosis. This article is the first of its kind and aims to educate clinicians on future diagnosis and management of similar cases. Methods: Search of MLC was performed on the medical literature databases of Medline, PUBMED, and EMBASE. Additionally, institutional database at Gold Coast University Hospital Radiology Department was queried for relevant cases. Based on 16 cases that met the inclusion criteria, the etiology, epidemiology, clinical evaluation, investigations, management, and prognosis of MLC was summarized. Results: Of all, 94% of MLC occur in males and 81% in those older than 60 years. It is more commonly a manifestation of systemic MM, rather than localized extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), 81% and 19% respectively. Additionally, 67% of laryngeal EMPs progress to MM within 3 years from initial diagnosis. Although treatments involving both local and systemic therapy were effective at relieving local symptoms, 39% of MLC patients died during the follow-up period—all of which were due to septicemia caused by secondary infections. Conclusion: Myeloma of laryngeal cartilage is a relatively rare condition that requires accurate diagnosis in order to promptly manage the potentially underlying systemic hematological disease. Currently, more case reports and analytical studies are required to provide evidence-based guidance on etiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition.
Plasma Midkine Is Associated With 28-Day Mortality and Organ Function in Sepsis
Authors: Chang Wei , Peng Fei , Sun Qin , Meng Shan-Shan , Qiu Hai-Bo , Xu Jing-Yuan 
Published: July 2019

Background: Midkine has been reported to play a crucial role in inflammatory, hypoxia, and tissue injury processes. We aimed to investigate plasma midkine in septic patients and its association with 28-day mortality and organ function. Methods: Septic patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, a tertiary hospital, from November 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. The baseline characteristics of the septic patients were recorded at admission. A peripheral blood sample was obtained at admission, and plasma midkine levels were evaluated with an immunoassay. All patients were followed up with for 28 days, with all-cause mortality being recorded. Results: A total of 26 septic patients were enrolled, which included 18 survivors and 8 nonsurvivors at day 28. Plasma midkine levels were significantly elevated in the nonsurvivor group compared with the survivors (ng/L, 763.6 [404.7-1305], 268.5 [147.8-511.4]; P = .0387]. Plasma midkine levels were elevated in septic patients with moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with patients with non/mild ARDS (ng/L, 522.3 [336.6-960.1] vs 243.8 [110.3-478.9]; P = .0135) and in those with acute kidney injury compared with those without (ng/L, 489.8 [259.2-1058] vs 427.9 [129.6-510.3]; P = .0973). Changes in plasma midkine levels were also associated with extravascular lung water index ( P = .063) and pulmonary vascular permeability index ( P = .049). Conclusions: Plasma midkine was associated with 28-day mortality, as well as pulmonary and kidney injury, in septic patients.
Revisiting the role of electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia: Where are we now?
Authors: Teodorczuk Andrew , Emmerson Brett , Robinson Gail 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The purpose of this opinion article is to review the recent evidence base in relation to the role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the management of patients with schizophrenia. Specifically, we explore the efficacy and safety of ECT. Furthermore, consideration is given to the profile of patients who benefit most from ECT, the role of maintenance ECT and what happens when ECT is not given. Conclusion: Our brief review of the evidence suggests that clinical practice in developing countries has not kept up with the growing literature supporting ECT use in schizophrenia. As such, we advocate that ECT should not be a treatment of last resort. Rather, it should be considered more readily as an add-on therapy when there has been a poor response to antipsychotic medications or concerns exist about side effects. Further research is needed into the efficacy of maintenance ECT.
Dental Anomalies in Permanent Teeth Associated With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Group of Colombian Children
Authors: Yezioro-Rubinsky Salomón , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier H. , Otero Liliana , Rodríguez-Aguirre Sara A. , Duque Ángela M. , Campos Flora M. , Gómez Juan P. , Gómez-Arango Sara , Posso-Moreno Sandra L. , Rojas Nancy E. , Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To assess the risk of dental anomaly presentation in permanent teeth in a group of Colombian children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and to determine the frequency of the anomalies according to the cleft type. Methods: An analytical matched case–control study was conducted with 210 controls and 210 patients with NSCLP. The patients were classified into 3 groups: complete right unilateral cleft lip and palate (RCLP), complete left unilateral cleft lip and palate (LCLP), and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to analyze paired samples (Bonferroni adjustment, P ≤ .002). Results: A high risk of finding agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors, supernumerary teeth, microdontia of the maxillary lateral incisors, and rotation of the maxillary central incisors adjacent to the cleft ( P < .0001) was observed in the patients with NSCLP. One or more dental anomalies were found in 98% of patients with BCLP, in 96% of those with LCLP, and in 87% of those with RCLP. Most of the anomalies were located on the cleft area. The incidence relative risk (IRR) of anomalies was highest in patients with BCLP (IRR: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.76-16.3), followed by in those with LCLP (IRR: 8.51; 95% CI: 5.64-12.8). Conclusions: Most dental anomalies were found in the cleft area; this was expected because the cleft area was the most affected in the patients included in this study.