bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prospective association between objectively measured sedentary time, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Skrede T. , Steene‐Johannessen J. , Anderssen S. A. , Resaland G. K. , Ekelund U. 
Published: October 2018

SummarySedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be uniquely related to cardiometabolic health. Excessive sedentary time is suggested as an independent cardiometabolic risk factor, while MVPA is favourably associated with cardiometabolic health. This systematic review and meta‐analysis summarizes the evidence on a prospective relationship between objectively measured sedentary time, MVPA and cardiometabolic health indicators in youth.PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PhyscINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from January 2000 until April 2018. Studies were included if sedentary time and physical activity were measured objectively and examined associations with body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, insulin, blood pressure or the clustering of these cardiometabolic risk factors.We identified 30 studies, of which 21 were of high quality. No evidence was found for an association between sedentary time and cardiometabolic outcomes. The association between MVPA and individual cardiometabolic risk factors was inconsistent. The meta‐analysis for prospective studies found a small but significant effect size between MVPA at baseline and clustered cardiometabolic risk at follow‐up (ES –0.014 [95% CI, −0.024 to −0.004]). We conclude that there is no prospective association between sedentary time and cardiometabolic health, while MVPA is beneficially associated with cardiometabolic health in youth.
Digital behavior surveillance: Monitoring dental caries and toothache interests of Google users from developing countries
Authors: Cruvinel Thiago , Ayala Aguirre Patricia E. , Lotto Matheus , Marchini Oliveira Thaís , Rios Daniela , Pereira Cruvinel Agnes F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the differences between the levels of interest of South American Google users on information related to dental caries and toothache over time.Materials and methodsThe monthly variation of Relative Search Volume (RSV) for both queries was obtained in Google Trends between 2004 and 2017. The association between RSVs, Internet penetration, and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) for dental caries in permanent teeth were tested by distinct regression models. Forecasting ARIMA models were developed to analyze trends and predict the interests until December 2018.ResultsIn general, toothache‐related searches presented an uptrend associated positively with Internet penetration and negatively with DALYs, whereas dental caries‐related searches presented a downtrend associated negatively with Internet penetration and positively with DALYs. The seasonality affected only dental caries curves, with the highest rates observed in the first trimester and the lowest rates in June, July, and December.ConclusionThe levels of interests of South American Google users in seeking dental caries and toothache information appear to have a direct connection with the burden of untreated dental caries lesions and Internet penetration. The no association between dental caries‐ and toothache‐related interests reinforces the unfamiliarity of most people about the relationship of dental pain with the final stages of chronic oral diseases.
Comparison of a piezoelectric and a standard surgical handpiece in third molar surgery
Authors: Gopal I. , Morkel J. , Titinchi F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to compare the use of a piezoelectric handpiece versus a standard surgical handpiece in removal of impacted third molars under general anaesthesia.Materials and methodsThirty patients undergoing routine third molar removal were included in the study. Panoramic radiographs were used to assess the positioning of the impacted third molars. The patients were randomly subdivided and the split mouth technique was used in which each side (left or right) of the mouth was randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Hence each patient served as their own control. In one group, a piezoelectric handpiece was used, while a conventional handpiece was used for the second group.All aspects of preoperative care, general anaesthesia, surgery and post‐operative care were standardised for the two groups. The following parameters were recorded; time of surgery, bleeding during surgery, post‐operative swelling, post‐operative pain, associated complications and post‐operative nerve injury.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of pain and swelling. There was less bleeding with the use of the piezoelectric device as compared with the standard surgical handpiece; however, the surgical time was longer. There were no reports of trauma to the lips or intra‐oral soft tissue. There were two incidences (6.7%) of post‐operative paraesthesia in the standard surgical handpiece group.ConclusionsThe use of a piezoelectric device is an acceptable alternative to the standard surgical handpiece in third molar surgery. Its use is advocated in difficult cases especially where there is inferior alveolar nerve approximation.
Retrospective multivariable comparison for complications of third molar surgery performed under general versus local anaesthesia
Authors: Beteramia D. , Azami O. , Garg K. , Grubor D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the incidence of complication rates as a result of third molar surgery when performed under local versus general anaesthesia.Materials and methodsData were collected using a combination of computer database and patient records. A total of 277 patients were included in the study (130 local anaesthesia, 147 general anaesthesia). Several variables were collected and assessed including age, gender, method of anaesthesia, radiographic grading and complications.ResultsFive hundred and twenty‐three mandibular third molars were removed, 284 being removed under general anaesthesia and 239 under local anaesthesia. There were a total of 20 complications (3.8%), nine of those from procedures performed under local anaesthesia and 11 from procedures performed under general anaesthesia. There was a statistically significant increase of alveolar osteitis for procedures performed under LA. However, when assessing overall complication rate, there was no statistically significant difference in LA versus GA.ConclusionsTeeth more severely impacted or angulated tend to be removed under general anaesthesia for reasons such as surgical access and patient experience. Our study suggests there is an increase in alveolar osteitis when third molars are removed under LA. However, there was no significant correlation found between the method of anaesthesia and overall complication rate when combining all complications. The present study indicates that other variables, such as gender and age may be more important in determination of post‐surgical complication rates after wisdom teeth removal. It is therefore reasonable for clinicians and patients to base their decision for modality of anaesthesia on patient preference, surgical difficulty, medical background and economic factors.
Locke on Persons and Other Kinds of Substances
Authors: Leisinger Matthew A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLocke's commentators are divided about whether Locke thinks that the idea of a person is a substance idea or a mode idea. I use Locke's theory of kinds to argue for an intermediate interpretation on which the idea of a person is a substance idea that contains a mode idea. As a result, while proponents of the substance interpretation correctly claim that ‘person’ designates a kind of substance, proponents of the mode interpretation are nonetheless correct in insisting that mode ideas play an important role in Locke's account of persons and personal identity.
Epidemiology of chronic red‐cell transfusion recipients in Sweden and Denmark–a 10 year follow‐up study
Authors: Didriksen Maria , Rostgaard Klaus , Grønbæk Kirsten , Pedersen Ole B. , Titlestad Kjell , Erikstrup Christian , Nielsen Kaspar R. , Edgren Gustaf , Ullum Henrik , Hjalgrim Henrik 
Published: October 2018

Background and objectivesChronic red‐cell transfusions may be an indispensable part of patient treatment and may require early intervention to avoid adverse transfusion effects. The population of chronic transfusion recipients including common diagnoses and survival remains poorly characterised. Thus, the objective was to examine the complete range of chronic transfusion recipients, including demographic and patient characteristics and survival.Materials and MethodsAll patients who received their first transfusion in Sweden or Denmark from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2010 were followed up for subsequent transfusion episodes until December 31, 2012. Data on patient characteristics at time of the first and subsequent transfusions were retrieved from the national registers. We estimated the proportion of transfused patients who experienced 20 or more red‐cell transfusion episodes (with an episode defined as all transfusions received 4 days or less apart) and characterised this patient population with respect to diagnoses, demographics and survival.ResultsAmong 893 117 first time red‐cell transfusion recipients, 6157 (0·7%) experienced 20 or more episodes in total. The most common diagnoses among these patients were haematologic malignancies followed by non‐haematologic malignancies and non‐malignant blood and immune system related diseases. On average, chronically transfused patients had a median survival of less than 1 year following their 20th transfusion episode.ConclusionThis study provides an overview of patient characteristics related to repeat red‐cell transfusions and of the amount of red‐cell transfusion episodes administered during a 10‐year period in two countries. Patients who become chronically transfused suffer from diseases with poor prognosis.
Stormwater impact on water quality of rivers subjected to point sources and urbanization – the case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Adugna Dagnachew , Lemma Brook , Sahilu Gebrie Geremew , Larsen Larissa , Yeshitela Kumelachew , Bergen Jensen Marina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUrbanization of a catchment often causes degeneration of rivers. We studied the water quality of three rivers in Addis Ababa based on the impact of stormwater and non‐point sources, and urbanization. Along these rivers several point sources were registered, with direct discharge of industrial and domestic wastes into them. To distinguish the impact of these year‐round point‐sources from stormwater, we analysed physicochemical parameters, nutrients and heavy metals sampled from upstream to downstream sections of each river in the dry and wet season. Dissolved oxygen (DO), NO2–N, NH4–N, PO4–P, (Cr(VI) and Cu) exceeded international standards, pointing to a generally poor water quality of the rivers in both seasons. NO3–N, Mn and Zn were problematic in dry season only. Although stormwater improved DO, conductivity, PO4–P, Cr(VI) and Zn, the levels were still critical, pointing to construction sites, agriculture and pit latrines, somewhat offsetting the effect of stormwater dilution. No clear impact of urbanization pressure was found.
Degradation of azo dye by an UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process using an amalgam lamp
Authors: Navarro Patricia , Pellicer José A. , Gómez‐López Vicente M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe discharge of dyes into water is an ecological problem that can be alleviated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as UV/H2O2 treatments. Searching for more efficient light sources is a way to improve AOPs’ efficiency. This work tested the efficiency of an amalgam lamp on the degradation of an azo dye, studying the effect of dye and H2O2 concentrations and pH, and the influence of some salts on the decolouration rate of methyl orange. Actinometry showed that the amalgam lamp system was able to provide a high incident photon irradiance (6.30·10−5 mol/cm2 s). The amalgam lamp‐driven AOP was able to decolourize the dye at pseudo‐first‐order rates of 0.654–4.008 1/min, with increasing rates at low dye concentration and low pH and at high H2O2 concentrations until a maximum value is reached. The results show that the amalgam lamp can be an alternative light source for fast dye degradation by AOPs.
Comparison of Habitual Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Aviram Ronit , Harries Netta , Shkedy Rabani Anat , Amro Akram , Nammourah Ibtisam , Al-Jarrah Muhammed , Raanan Yoav , Hutzler Yeshayahu , Bar-Haim Simona 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The comparison of habitual physical activity and sedentary time in teenagers and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) with typically developed (TD) peers can serve to quantify activity shortcomings. Methods: Patterns of sedentary, upright, standing, and walking components of habitual physical activity were compared in age-matched (16.8 y) groups of 54 youths with bilateral spastic CP (38 who walk with limitations and 16 who require mobility devices) and 41 TD youths in the Middle East. Activity and sedentary behavior were measured over 96 hours by activPAL3 physical activity monitors. Results: Participants with CP spent more time sedentary (8%) and sitting (37%) and less time standing (20%) and walking (40%) than TD (all Ps < .01). These trends were enhanced in the participants with CP requiring mobility devices. Shorter sedentary events (those <60-min duration) were similar for TD and CP groups, but CP had significantly more long sedentary events (>2 h) and significantly fewer upright events (taking <30, 30–60, and >60 min) and less total upright time than TD. Conclusion: Ambulant participants with CP, as well as TD youth must be encouraged to take more breaks from being sedentary and include more frequent and longer upright events.
Simple Mechanisms for a Subadditive Buyer and Applications to Revenue Monotonicity
Authors: Rubinstein Aviad , Weinberg S. Matthew 
Published: October 2018

We study the revenue maximization problem of a seller withnheterogeneous items for sale to a single buyer whose valuation function for sets of items is unknown and drawn from some distributionD. We show that ifDis a distribution over subadditive valuations with independent items, then the better of pricing each item separately or pricing only the grand bundle achieves a constant-factor approximation to the revenue of the optimal mechanism. This includes buyers who arek-demand, additive up to a matroid constraint, or additive up to constraints of any downward-closed set system (and whose values for the individual items are sampled independently), as well as buyers who are fractionally subadditive with item multipliers drawn independently. Our proof makes use of the core-tail decomposition framework developed in prior work showing similar results for the significantly simpler class of additive buyers.In the second part of the article, we develop a connection between approximately optimal simple mechanisms and approximate revenue monotonicity with respect to buyers’ valuations. Revenue non-monotonicity is the phenomenon that sometimes strictlyincreasingbuyers’ values for every set can strictlydecreasethe revenue of the optimal mechanism. Using our main result, we derive a bound on how bad this degradation can be (and dub such a bound a proof ofapproximaterevenue monotonicity); we further show that better bounds on approximate monotonicity imply a better analysis of our simple mechanisms.
Revisiting the Risks of Bitcoin Currency Exchange Closure
Authors: Moore Tyler , Christin Nicolas , Szurdi Janos 
Published: October 2018

Bitcoin has enjoyed wider adoption than any previous cryptocurrency; yet its success has also attracted the attention of fraudsters who have taken advantage of operational insecurity and transaction irreversibility. We study the risk that investors face from the closure of Bitcoin exchanges, which convert between Bitcoins and hard currency. We examine the track record of 80 Bitcoin exchanges established between 2010 and 2015. We find that nearly half (38) have since closed, with customer account balances sometimes wiped out. Fraudsters are sometimes to blame, but not always. Twenty-five exchanges suffered security breaches, 15 of which subsequently closed. We present logistic regressions using longitudinal data on Bitcoin exchanges aggregated quarterly. We find that experiencing a breach is correlated with a 13 times greater odds that an exchange will close in that same quarter. We find that higher-volume exchanges are less likely to close (each doubling in trade volume corresponds to a 12% decrease in the odds of closure). We also find that exchanges that derive most of their business from trading less popular (fiat) currencies, which are offered by at most one competitor, are less likely to close.
Verifiable Graph Processing
Authors: Zhang Yupeng , Papamanthou Charalampos , Katz Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

We consider a scenario in which a data owner outsources storage of a large graph to an untrusted server; the server performs computations on this graph in response to queries from a client (whether the data owner or others), and the goal is to ensure
verifiability
of the returned results. Applying generic verifiable computation (VC) would involve compiling each graph computation to a circuit or a RAM program and would incur large overhead, especially in the proof-computation time.

In this work, we address the above by designing, building, and evaluating A
litheia
, a VC system tailored for graph queries such as computing shortest paths, longest paths, and maximum flows. The underlying principle of A
litheia
is to minimize the use of generic VC techniques by leveraging various algorithmic approaches specific for graphs. This leads to both theoretical and practical improvements. Asymptotically, it improves the complexity of proof computation by at least a logarithmic factor. On the practical side, our system achieves significant performance improvements over current state-of-the-art VC systems (up to a 10-orders-of-magnitude improvement in proof-computation time, and a 99.9% reduction in server storage), while scaling to 200,000-node graphs.
Revenue Maximization and Ex-Post Budget Constraints
Authors: Daskalakis Constantinos , Devanur Nikhil R. , Weinberg S. Matthew 
Published: October 2018

We consider the problem of a revenue-maximizing seller with
m
items for sale to
n
additive bidders with hard budget constraints, assuming that the seller has some prior distribution over bidder values and budgets. The prior may be correlated across items and budgets of the same bidder, but is assumed independent across bidders. We target mechanisms that are Bayesian incentive compatible, but that are
ex-post
individually rational and
ex-post
budget respecting. Virtually no such mechanisms are known that satisfy all these conditions and guarantee any revenue approximation, even with just a single item. We provide a computationally efficient mechanism that is a 3-approximation with respect to all BIC, ex-post IR, and ex-post budget respecting mechanisms. Note that the problem is NP-hard to approximate better than a factor of 16/15, even in the case where the prior is a point mass. We further characterize the optimal mechanism in this setting, showing that it can be interpreted as a
distribution over virtual welfare maximizers.

We prove our results by making use of a black-box reduction from mechanism to algorithm design developed by Cai et al. Our main technical contribution is a computationally efficient 3-approximation algorithm for the algorithmic problem that results from an application of their framework to this problem. The algorithmic problem has a mixed-sign objective and is NP-hard to optimize exactly, so it is surprising that a computationally efficient approximation is possible at all. In the case of a single item (
m
=1), the algorithmic problem can be solved exactly via exhaustive search, leading to a computationally efficient exact algorithm and a stronger characterization of the optimal mechanism as a distribution over virtual value maximizers.
Sex Differences in Cancer Driver Genes and Biomarkers
Authors: Li Constance H. , Haider Syed , Shiah Yu-Jia , Thai Kevin , Boutros Paul C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Cancer differs significantly between men and women; even after adjusting for known epidemiologic risk factors, the sexes differ in incidence, outcome, and response to therapy. These differences occur in many but not all tumor types, and their origins remain largely unknown. Here, we compare somatic mutation profiles between tumors arising in men and in women. We discovered large differences in mutation density and sex biases in the frequency of mutation of specific genes; these differences may be associated with sex biases in DNA mismatch repair genes or microsatellite instability. Sex-biased genes include well-known drivers of cancer such as β-catenin and BAP1. Sex influenced biomarkers of patient outcome, where different genes were associated with tumor aggression in each sex. These data call for increased study and consideration of the molecular role of sex in cancer etiology, progression, treatment, and personalized therapy.
Significance: This study provides a comprehensive catalog of sex differences in somatic alterations, including in cancer driver genes, which influence prognostic biomarkers that predict patient outcome after definitive local therapy. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5527–37. ©2018 AACR.
Gene Regulatory Network Analysis Identifies Sex-Linked Differences in Colon Cancer Drug Metabolism
Authors: Lopes-Ramos Camila M. , Kuijjer Marieke L. , Ogino Shuji , Fuchs Charles S. , DeMeo Dawn L. , Glass Kimberly , Quackenbush John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding sex differences in colon cancer is essential to advance disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Males have a higher risk of developing colon cancer and a lower survival rate than women. However, the molecular features that drive these sex differences are poorly understood. In this study, we use both transcript-based and gene regulatory network methods to analyze RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 445 patients with colon cancer. We compared gene expression between tumors in men and women and observed significant sex differences in sex chromosome genes only. We then inferred patient-specific gene regulatory networks and found significant regulatory differences between males and females, with drug and xenobiotics metabolism via cytochrome P450 pathways more strongly targeted in females. This finding was validated in a dataset of 1,193 patients from five independent studies. While targeting, the drug metabolism pathway did not change overall survival for males treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, females with greater targeting showed an increase in 10-year overall survival probability, 89% [95% confidence interval (CI), 78–100] survival compared with 61% (95% CI, 45–82) for women with lower targeting, respectively (P = 0.034). Our network analysis uncovers patterns of transcriptional regulation that differentiate male and female colon cancer and identifies differences in regulatory processes involving the drug metabolism pathway associated with survival in women who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. This approach can be used to investigate the molecular features that drive sex differences in other cancers and complex diseases.Significance: A network-based approach reveals that sex-specific patterns of gene targeting by transcriptional regulators are associated with survival outcome in colon cancer. This approach can be used to understand how sex influences progression and response to therapies in other cancers. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5538–47. ©2018 AACR.