bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Methods for Attenuation Correction in Brain PET: Influence on the Calculation of the Metabolic Glucose Rate
Authors: Schreckenberger M. , Sabri O. , Meyer Ph. T. , Zeggel T. , Büll U. , Setani K. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Für die Korrektur des Effektes der im Körpergewebe gestreuten oder absorbierten Photonen (Schwächungskorrektur) existieren bei der Positronen-Emissionstomographie (PET) verschiedene methodische Ansätze. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Einfluß der kalten (KT), heißen (PIT), segmentierten Transmission (ST) sowie eines rechnerischen Verfahrens (RV) auf die Schwächungskorrektur anhand der absoluten Bestimmung des regionalen zerebralen Glukosemetabolismus (rMRGIu). Methodik: 6 Patienten mit unterschiedlichen zerebralen Erkrankungen wurden mit einem ECAT Exact 922/47 unter Ruhebedingungen untersucht. Die durch die KT, PIT, RV und ST schwächungskorrigierten Daten wurden dann zur Beurteilung des regionalen Glukosemetabolismus in 16 ROIs (regions of interest) absolut quantifiziert. Ergebnisse: Bis auf drei Regionen (temporookzipital links und rechts sowie parietookzipital rechts) konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied des mit Hilfe der absoluten Quantifizierung in 16 ROIs ermittelten Glukosemetabolismus zwischen der KT und dem RV festgestellt werden. Im Gegensatz zum RV wurde sowohl bei der PIT als auch bei der ST in allen 16 ROIs ein signifikant niedrigerer Wert der regionalen zerebralen Glukoseutilisation gegenüber der KT nachgewiesen. Aufgrund dieser Resultate ergibt sich sowohl in der linken als auch in der rechten Hirnhälfte eine kontinuierliche Abnahme der metabolischen Werte (rMRGIu) in der Reihenfolge KT, RV, PIT und ST. Der globale, zerebrale Glukosemetabolismus zeigte keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen der KT und dem RV (p = 0,2489), während mit PIT (p = 0,03) und ST (p = 0,03) ein signifikant erniedrigter Glukosemetabolismus gegenüber der-KT nachzuweisen war. Schlußfolgerung: Bei den für die zerebralen PET-Studien am Patienten durchgeführten Schwächungskorrekturverfahren läßt sich bis auf drei Regionen quantitativ kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen KT und RV nachweisen. Die rMRGIu der durch PIT und ST schwächungskorrigierten Bilder sind signifikant niedriger als in KT korrigierten Aufnahmen. Um eine zerebrale PET-Akquisition zu verkürzen, erscheint für die klinische Routine das RV als Alternative zur KT am besten geeignet.
Incorporation of Chemically Modified and Radiation-sterilized Cancellous Bone Allografts
Authors: Milthorpe B. K. , Schindhelm K. , Howlett C. R. , Roe S. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe effect of lipid extraction, partial decalcification, iodoacetate treatment and glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking on incorporation of radiation-sterilized cancellous bone allografts was compared to unmodified radiation-sterilized cancellous bone allografts and autogenous cancellous bone grafts in a cortical defect model in sheep tibia. Incorporation of the grafts was compared radiographically and histologically 56 days after implantation. The quantity and depth of extension of fluorescent label into the graft were evaluated from photomicrographs. GA cross-linked allografts were more poorly incorporated and had the least penetration of tetracycline-labelled bone. All other allografts were incorporated similarly to the autografts except that tetracycline- labelled bone was present to a greater depth in the autografts. The minimal differences between allografts and autografts may be explained by a reduction of the immunogenicity of all allografts by freezing and by radiation sterilization. GA cross-linking prevented resorption of bone. Ingrowth may have been inhibited by residual GA.Chemically modified cancellous bone allografts were implanted in sheep tibia. Their incorporation was compaed to unmodified allografts and autografts using microradiographs and histological evaluation. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked allografts were minimally resorbed and had little bone ingrowth. All other allografts were well incorporated. Bone ingrowth into autografts was more rapid but extent of incorporation after 56 days was similar to allografts.
Characteristics of 1000 Femur Fractures in the Dog and Cat
Authors: Eicker S. W. , Abdinoor D. , Prieur W. D. , Braden T. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA fracture documentation study of the femur in dogs and cats was developed. It consists of frequency of type of animal involved, the type of fracture involved, and the type of repair carried out. Specifically, the data documented are: date, leg, patient number, practice number, surgeon number, sex, species, age, weight, amount overweight, fracture site, skin condition, fragment number, days trauma to surgery, Salter type, management, presurgical complications, primary fixation, secondary fixation, graft, cerclage wire, cerclage method, screw size, Kirschner wire size, pin size, plate, pins (Kirschner apparatus), bars (Kirschner apparatus). This data was collected over a five-year period from 79 surgeons in private and university practice in 10 different countries.One thousand femur fractures were documented in this retrospective study. The type of animals and type of fractures are reported herewith. Also the type of fixation is reported. This is the most comprehensive femur fracture study reported to date.
Treatment of Delayed Union and Septic Osteomyelitis of Metacarpus III/IV in a Calf Using Gentamicin-impregnated Collagen Sponges and Minimal External Coaptation
Authors: Steiner A. , Hirsbrunner Gaby 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA newborn calf was admitted for evaluation of a primarily closed comminuted metaphyseal fracture of metacarpus III/IV. Closed reduction and application of transfixation pins and a fibreglass cast were performed. Ten days after pin removal, radiographs revealed that the initially healed fracture had collapsed, and osteomyelitis was diagnosed. Bacteriological culture from the deep draining tract yielded Actinomyces pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Standard treatment of delayed union or nonunion caused by septic osteomyelitis consists of surgical debridement, rigid fixation, and long-time administration of antibiotics. In this case, we used surgical debridement, administration of a new long-acting local antibiotic (gentamicin- impregnated collagen sponges), and minimal external stabilization. At day 27 after initiation of this treatment, the skin defect had healed, and the fracture was stable on manual palpation.Standard treatment of delayed union or nonunion caused by septic osteomyelitis consists of surgical debridement, rigid fixation and prolonged administration of antibiotics. In the case described, we used surgical debridement, administration of a long-acting local antibiotic (gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges), and minimal external stabilization. The promising outcome of this case and the good results in human surgery warrant further investigation in the use of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges in veterinary orthopaedics.
Comparison of Risk Factors for Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy, Craniomandibular Osteopathy and Canine Distemper Virus Infection
Authors: Munjar T. A. , Austin Connie C. , Breur G. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn analysis of hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD), craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) and canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was undertaken. Risk factors (age, breed, sex, neuter status, weight, geographical and seasonal distribution) of the three diseases were determined and compared. Patient records were searched using the Veterinary Medical Database (VMDB) during the period of 1980 through 1989. This search identified 131 cases of HOD, 68 cases of CMO and 1,757 of CDV infection. Dogs less than six months of age were identified to be at greatest risk for HOD, CMO and CDV. The Great Dane, Cairn Terrier and the Greyhound were identified to be at highest risk for HOD, CMO and CDV infection, respectively. Males puppies were twice as likely to develop HOD. We concluded, from the risk factors analyzed, that risk factors for HOD, CMO or CDV infection were not similar.Patient information was obtained from clinical cases of 16 veterinary teaching hospitals to examine a possible relationship between Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD), Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO), and Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) infections. Risk factors for each disease were determined. Subjective comparison of risk factors for HOD and CMO did not support the notion of a relationship between HOD and CMO. In addition, no evidence for a possible relationship between CDV and HOD or CMO was found.
Flexural and Torsional Analysis of Five Acrylics for Use in External Skeletal Fixation
Authors: Schulz K. S. , Fawcett A. , Slater Margaret R. , Roths J. B. , Davis M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMechanical testing of five acrylics was performed to evaluate material property differences that might affect their use as support rods in external skeletal fixation (ESF). Flexural and torsional analysis demonstrated that differences existed in the stiffness of the acrylics with polyethyl/polymethylmethacrylate products being the stiffest and a polyethylmethacrylate product being least stiff. Increasing the amount of inert filler also increased the stiffness. The inherent porosity of the individual acrylics did not have an effect on their mechanical properties. These differences in stiffness might affect fracture healing by affecting the amount of primary or secondary osteosynthesis that occurs.Different polymeric forms of acrylic possess mechanical properties that influence their stiffness. Based on flexural and torsional analysis, these properties may differ significantly and affect external skeletal fixator stiffness.Presented at the twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Big Sky, MT March 2-8, 1997.
Triceps Tenotomy and Double Plate Stabilization of “Y-T” Fracture of the Humeral Condyle in Three Dogs
Authors: Sturgeon C. , Wilson A. M. , McGuigan P. , Lawes T. J. , Muir P. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCaudal elbow arthrotomy by use of triceps tenotomy was performed for open reduction of “Y-T” fractures of the humeral condyle in three dogs. Stabilization of the fracture was achieved by use of a bone screw inserted with a lag effect to compress the articular fracture and placement of bone plates on the caudolateral surface of the lateral epicondylar crest and the caudomedial surface of the medial epicondylar crest. This construct successfully maintained reduction in all three dogs without implant loosening or breakage. All three of the fractures healed satisfactorily without any evidence of progressive osteoarthritis. Long-term (median - 20 months) function of the affected limb was comparable to the contralateral limb, with little loss of elbow range-of-motion and minimal to an absence of lameness.Triceps tenotomy was used for open reduction of “Y-T” fractures of the humeral condyle in three dogs. Stabilization of the fracture with a bone screw inserted for lag effect and use of a bone plate on each epicondylar crest resulted in satisfactory healing of the fracture and good limb function in all of the patients.
A comparison of skin and muscle for cortical revascularization
Authors: Fowler J. D. , Matte G. G. , Johnston G. H. , Porter C. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this project was to compare the ability of skin and muscle to revascularize cortical bone segments in the canine distal limb. A model mimicking severe combined soft tissue and orthopaedic injury with bone devascularization involving the canine metatarsus was developed. Soft tissue defects were reconstructed with a reverse saphenous conduit flap or a free trapezius muscle flap. Cortical bone blood flow was determined by the radiolabeled microsphere method at 21 days post-reconstruction. In addition cortical porosity, the amount of fluorescent labelled intracortical new bone, and the maximum depth of periosteal new bone were determined. Significant differences were not detected between skin and muscle reconstructions for any of the measured parameters of cortical revascularization. The mean values for cortical bone blood flow were higher than expected from previous studies, and did not correlate with subjective assessments of adhesion quality between bone and reconstructive tissue onlay. The reverse saphenous conduit flap, and the free trapezius muscle flap, may respectively provide superior blood supply to underlying bone than local random pattern skin and local pedicled muscle. The reverse saphenous conduit flap has a robust and reliable vascular supply, unlike that to random pattern skin. The free transfer of muscle maintains a vigorous blood supply, and has shown improvements in blood flow over pedicled muscle. Blood flow to both tissue types may be favourably affected by the denervation associated with transfer, causing arteriolar vasodilation and reductions in vascular resistance. In this model, comparable revascularization of cortical bone at 21 days was seen beneath reverse saphenous conduit flaps and free trapezius muscle flaps. However, a role for endosteal revascularization cannot be excluded.Cortical revascularization by skin and muscle reconstruction was compared at 21 days in a canine metatarsal model. Significant differences in cortical bone blood flow were not detected
The deep pectoral muscle flap in the cat: its vascular supply and potential use
Authors: Gardner J. , Allnutt R. , White R. A. S. , Baines S. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe vascular anatomy of the deep pectoral muscle in the cat was defined by contrast radiography of twelve deep pectoral muscles from six feline cadavers. The deep pectoral, muscle in the cat was found to have a type V vascular pattern with a dominant pedicle based on the lateral thoracic artery, with a contribution from the external thoracic artery, and secondary segmental pedicles arising from the internal thoracic artery, with numerous anastomoses between these two vascular fields. Following division of the sternal origin and elevation of the muscle flap, perfusion of the entire muscle from the dominant pedicle was identified. Transposition of the muscle flap within a wide arc of rotation was possible to include the chest wall, sternum, axilla and medial forelimb. This study demonstrates the potential suitability of the deep pectoral muscle flap for use in reconstructive surgery.The feline deep pectoral muscle has a type V vascular pattern, with a dominant pedicle based on the lateral thoracic artery, with a contribution from the external thoracic artery, and secondary segmental pedicles arising from the internal thoracic artery A clinically useful flap, supplied by the dominant pedicle, may be developed by incising the sternal origin of the muscle.
Ratite cancellous xenograft: effects on avian fracture healing
Authors: Danova A. , Newman H. , Barnes H. J. , Phillips L. , Mathews K. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA segmental radial defect model was used to radiographically and histologically evaluate response to ratite cancellous xenograft in pigeons. The control group showed little evidence of callus production with all fractures proceeding to nonunion. Lymphocytic response to xenograft peaked at four weeks and diminished thereafter. Fractures treated with cancellous xenograft had significant increases in new bone production.
Histological features of osteoarthritic canine cartilage after prolonged administration of carprofen
Authors: Dassler C. L. , Griffey S. M. , Vasseur P. B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine whether the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) carprofen causes adverse histological changes to cartilage after prolonged administration for treatment of naturally acquired osteoarthritis.Dogs diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and secondary osteoarthritis of their stifle joints were divided into two groups: those who had received a standard dose of carprofen for a minimum of four weeks and those who had not received a NSAID for a minimum of one month. Cartilage from the intercondylar notch was obtained when the patients underwent surgical procedures to stabilize the stifle joint. The samples were processed and evaluated for histological differences using haematoxylin and eosin and safranin-O-fast green-iron haematoxylin stains and were graded according to a Mankin scale (graded 0-14) for osteoarthritis.The histopathological findings were variable and included loss of matrix staining, irregularities to the cartilage surface, matrix fragmentation, chondrocyte clustering, matrix degeneration and vascular and synovial invasion (pannus) and were not specific to either group. There was not any significant difference between study groups (p = 0.2721) according to the Wilcoxan rank sum test.
Frequency of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in dogs after repair of a humeral condylar fracture
Authors: Besancon M. F. , Conzemius M. G. , Miles K. G. , Kapatkin A. S. , Culp W. T. N. , Gordon W. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe frequency of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTO) in the dog after repair of a humeral condylar fracture (HCF) and the relationship of fracture reduction to outcome is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of PTO in dogs after HCF repair and to determine the relationship between fracture reduction, limb function and follow-up osteoarthrosis (OA) score. All dogs were evaluated by physical and radiographic examinations and dogs with unilateral fracture repair were also examined by force platform gait analysis. Initial and follow-up radiographs were scored for reduction and evidence of osteoarthrosis using previously published grading scales. This study evaluated 15 fractures in 13 dogs with a mean follow-up time of 43 months. Osteoarthrosis developed or progressed radiographically in all elbows. Peak vertical force (PVF) was significantly reduced (p <0.01) in the affected limb, however vertical impulse (VI) did not differ (p = 0.12) when compared to the opposite normal limb. Pain-free range of motion was reduced in flexion (p <0.01), but not in extension (p = 0.98) when compared to the normal limb. Fracture reduction score did not correlate with follow-up OA score (p = 0.07), PVF (p = 0.40), VI (p = 0.72), flexion (p =0.50), or extension (p = 0.62). Due to the high incidence of PTO, owners should be warned of the possibility of declining limb function over time despite near anatomic reduction.
Destabilization in external skeletal fixation finite element method evaluation
Authors: Evans M. D. , Lauer S. K. , Aron D. N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDestabilization is a concept of pursuing gradual staged disassembly of external skeletal fixators (ESFs) intending to increase only axial loading of the fracture while controlling non-axial loading. The purpose of this study was to determine how destabilization alters loading at the fracture site. The destabilization of a Type III to a Type Ia and Ib ESF was analyzed with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for five callus stages (0%, 0.1%, 10%, 50%, 100% modulus of elasticity of intact bone) for axial compression, torsion, and bending. Axial gap strain (A) comprising the linear displacement along the longitudinal bone axis, the remaining degrees of gap strain (R) comprising all other rotational and linear displacements and the R/A ratio were calculated. In the presence of the callus stages 0% and 0.1%, the R/A ratio ranges between 0.1 and 0.3. Destabilization increases A by two to18 fold and R by five to 41 fold. In the presence of the callus stages 10%, 50% and 100%, the R/A ratio ranges between 1 and 3.2. Destabilization increases A by 2% -15%, and R by 15% -176%. A decrease in the ESF stiffness correlates with an increase of R, A and the R/A ratio. We proposed that the clinical benefits of destabilization might be mechanically based on optimization of the R/A ratio and not of axial strain.
Treatment of radius, ulna and humerus fractures with the aid of a bone morphogenetic protein in a giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
Authors: Futema F. , Fedullo D. L. , Kyan V. , Fantoni D. , Baccarin D. C. B. , Romano M. A. , Ferrigno C. R. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) was found with closed comminuted fractures on the right radius and ulna and left humerus the duration of which was unknown. The animal was unable to use either of the thoracic limbs. The fractures were stabilized with 3.5-mm titanium plates and a commercially available mixture of micro lyophilized bovine cortical osseous and bovine BMP (Gen-tech®, Baumer, Brazil) was implanted into the fractures sites. Postoperative radiographic evaluations were performed every 30 days and after four months. Bone healing was observed in all of the fractures. The animal was able to be reintroduced into its natural habitat. From this case we conclude that despite the low metabolic rate of the giant anteater, which is an inherent characteristic of this species, the treatment of radius, ulna and humerus fractures by means of plates and screws, associated with BMP on the Myrmecophaga tridactyla, was a success.
How to choose PET-CT or CT in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer
Authors: Tao X. , Liu H. , Jiang T. , Zheng X. , Liu S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPurpose: To distinguish between benign and malignant mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC by comparing 2D and semiautomated 3D measurements in FDG-PET-CT. Patients, material, methods: FDG-PET-CT was performed in 46 patients prior to therapy. 299 mediastinal lymph-nodes were evaluated independently by two radiologists, both manually and by semi-automatic segmentation software. Longest-axial-diameter (LAD), shortest-axial-diameter (SAD), maximal-3D-diameter, elongation and volume were obtained. FDG-PET-CT and clinical/FDG-PET-CT follow up examinations and/or histology served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis encompassed intra-class-correlation-coefficients and receiver-operator-characteristics-curves (ROC). Results: The standard of reference revealed involvement in 87 (29%) of 299 lymph nodes. Manually and semi-automatically measured 2D parameters (LAD and SAD) showed a good correlation with mean
Prediction of lymph node metastase in NSCLC
Authors: Beyer F. , Buerke B. , Gerss J. , Scheffe K. , Puesken M. , Weckesser M. , Schober O. , Heindel W. , Wessling J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPurpose: To distinguish between benign and malignant mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC by comparing 2D and semiautomated 3D measurements in FDG-PET-CT.Patients, material, methods: FDG-PET-CT was performed in 46 patients prior to therapy. 299 mediastinal lymph-nodes were evaluated independently by two radiologists, both manually and by semi-automatic segmentation software. Longest-axial-diameter (LAD), shortest-axial-diameter (SAD), maximal-3D-diameter, elongation and volume were obtained. FDG-PET-CT and clinical/FDG-PET-CT follow up examinations and/or histology served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis encompassed intra-class-correlation-coefficients and receiver-operator-characteristics-curves (ROC). Results: The standard of reference revealed involvement in 87 (29%) of 299 lymph nodes. Manually and semi-automatically measured 2D parameters (LAD and SAD) showed a good correlation with mean