bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warum fragen wir nicht direkt nach?
Authors: Nesterko Yuriy , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Sowohl in der amtlichen Statistik als auch in der deutschsprachigen Migrationsforschung hat sich zur Erfassung möglicher Migrationseinflüsse der Begriff ‚Person mit Migrationshintergrundʻ etabliert. Dabei handelt es sich um eine kriterienorientierte Definition, die einer Ableitung und Zusammenführung von Angaben zur Staatsangehörigkeit, Geburtsland und Einbürgerung sowohl der betreffenden Personen als auch ihrer Eltern bedarf. Neben der Bestimmung des Migrationshintergrundes anhand amtlicher Statistik (Mikrozensus-Definition) wurde im Rahmen einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragung ( N = 2401) nach einer Selbstzuschreibung und der antizipierten Fremdzuschreibung des eigenen Migrationshintergrundes gefragt. Insgesamt 10.7 % der Befragten ( N = 285) wiesen einen Migrationshintergrund (Erfassung laut Mikrozensus) auf. Etwa zwei Drittel (65.6 %) der Stichprobe mit Migrationshintergrund im Sinne des Mikrozensus’ gab an, sich nicht als Migrant_in bzw. Person mit Migrationshintergrund zu sehen. Etwas mehr als die Hälfte (55.5 %) der Befragten mit Migrationshintergrund geht davon aus, dass sie von anderen nicht als Migrant_in bzw. Person mit Migrationshintergrund bezeichnet wird. Im Ergebnis der durchgeführten Befragung wurde ein klarer Unterschied zwischen einer subjektiven Perspektive auf den eigenen Migrationshintergrund und der Mikrozensus-Definition festgestellt. Es ist daher wichtig und empfehlenswert in dieser Hinsicht stärker zu differenzieren, insbesondere in Forschungsfragen, die auf eine subjektive Perspektive des Einzelnen abzielen.
The International Community Coordinated Modeling Center Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment: Overview of Ionosphere/Thermosphere Activities
Authors: Scherliess L. , Tsagouri I. , Yizengaw E. , Bruinsma S. , Shim J. S. , Coster A. , Retterer J. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Earth's ionosphere/thermosphere (I/T) system exhibits complicated weather variability that can have adverse effects on human operations and systems, and consequently, there is a need for both accurate and reliable specifications and forecasts for this region. As part of the international effort to evaluate and assess the predictive capabilities of space weather models, four working groups for the I/T system have been created with the goal to devise a concerted model validation effort for the I/T environment. This paper presents an overview of the team efforts and reports on the progress made. As a first step, the working teams have selected to limit the validation efforts to critical I/T parameters that include total electron content, the peak density and height of the ionospheric F region, ionospheric scintillations, and thermospheric neutral densities. As part of this effort, initial lists of participating models and events have been constructed and validation data sets have been identified. In the future appropriate metrics will be selected for the various user and scientific needs.
Orographic Primary and Secondary Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere From 16‐Year SABER Observations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe seasonal and height dependencies of the orographic primary and larger‐scale secondary gravity waves (GWs) have been studied using the temperature profiles measured by Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) from 2002 to 2017. At ~40°S and during Southern Hemisphere winter, there is a strong GW peak over the Andes mountains that extend to z ~ 55 km. Using wind and topographic data, we show that orographic GWs break above the peak height of the stratospheric jet. At z ~ 55–65 km, GW breaking and momentum deposition create body forces that generate larger‐scale secondary GWs; we show that these latter GWs form a wide peak above 65 km with a westward tilt. At middle latitudes during summer in the respective hemisphere, orographic GW breaking also generates larger‐scale secondary GWs that propagate to higher altitudes. Both orographic primary and larger‐scale secondary GWs are likely responsible for most of the non‐equatorial peaks of the persistent global distribution of GWs in SABER.
Anthropogenic Aerosols Cause Recent Pronounced Weakening of Asian Summer Monsoon Relative to Last Four Centuries
Authors: Liu Yu , Cai Wenju , Sun Changfeng , Song Huiming , Cobb Kim M. , Li Jianping , Leavitt Steven W. , Wu Lixin , Cai Qiufang , Liu Ruoshi , Ng Benjamin , Cherubini Paolo , Büntgen Ulf , Song Yi , Wang Guojian , Lei Ying , Yan Libin , Li Qiang , Ma Yongyong , Fang Congxi , Sun Junyan , Li Xuxiang , Chen Deliang , Linderholm Hans W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) affects ecosystems, biodiversity, and food security of billions of people. In recent decades, ASM strength (as represented by precipitation) has been decreasing, but instrumental measurements span only a short period of time. The initiation and the dynamics of the recent trend are unclear. Here for the first time, we use an ensemble of 10 tree ring‐width chronologies from the west‐central margin of ASM to reconstruct detail of ASM variability back to 1566 CE. The reconstruction captures weak/strong ASM events and also reflects major locust plagues. Notably, we found an unprecedented 80‐year trend of decreasing ASM strength within the context of the 448‐year reconstruction, which is contrary to what is expected from greenhouse warming. Our coupled climate model shows that increasing anthropogenic sulfate aerosol emissions over the Northern Hemisphere could be the dominant factor contributing to the ASM decrease.
Immunity and mental illness: findings from a Danish population-based immunogenetic study of seven psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Nudel Ron , Benros Michael E. , Krebs Morten Dybdahl , Allesøe Rosa Lundbye , Lemvigh Camilla Koldbæk , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Børglum Anders D. , Daly Mark J. , Nordentoft Merete , Mors Ole , Hougaard David M. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Buil Alfonso , Werge Thomas , Rasmussen Simon , Thompson Wesley K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes encode proteins with important roles in the regulation of the immune system. Many studies have also implicated HLA genes in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, these studies usually focus on one disorder and/or on one HLA candidate gene, often with small samples. Here, we access a large dataset of 65,534 genotyped individuals consisting of controls (N = 19,645) and cases having one or more of autism spectrum disorder (N = 12,331), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (N = 14,397), schizophrenia (N = 2401), bipolar disorder (N = 1391), depression (N = 18,511), anorexia (N = 2551) or intellectual disability (N = 3175). We imputed participants’ HLA alleles to investigate the involvement of HLA genes in these disorders using regression models. We found a pronounced protective effect of DPB1*1501 on susceptibility to autism (p = 0.0094, OR = 0.72) and intellectual disability (p = 0.00099, OR = 0.41), with an increased protective effect on a comorbid diagnosis of both disorders (p = 0.003, OR = 0.29). We also identified a risk allele for intellectual disability, B*5701 (p = 0.00016, OR = 1.33). Associations with both alleles survived FDR correction and a permutation procedure. We did not find significant evidence for replication of previously-reported associations for autism or schizophrenia. Our results support an implication of HLA genes in autism and intellectual disability, which requires replication by other studies. Our study also highlights the importance of large sample sizes in HLA association studies.
The CFTR gene variants in Japanese children with idiopathic pancreatitis
Authors: Iso Manami , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Yanagi Kumiko , Minowa Kei , Sakurai Yumiko , Nakano Satoshi , Satou Kazuhito , Shimizu Toshiaki , Kaname Tadashi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene has been reported as one of the pancreatitis susceptibility genes. Although many variants of CFTR have been reported in Caucasian patients, there are few data in Japanese patients. We aimed to survey CFTR variants in Japanese children with idiopathic pancreatitis. Twenty-eight Japanese paediatric patients with idiopathic pancreatitis were enroled, who were not previously diagnosed by genetic analysis of PRSS1 and SPINK1. The entire CFTR gene was sequenced in the patients by combining LA-PCR and next-generation sequencing analysis. To determine a splice-affecting variant, CFTR expression was investigated in the nasal epithelial cells by RT-PCR. One (3.6%) and 15 (53.6%) of 28 patients had pathogenic and functionally affected variants in the CFTR gene, respectively. Two variants, p.Arg352Gln and p.Arg1453Trp, were found more frequently in the patients compared with one in Japanese healthy controls (p = 0.0078 and 0.044, respectively). We confirmed skipping of exon 10 in the nasal epithelial cells in one patient having a splice-affecting variant (c.1210-12 T(5)) in intron 9. Functionally affected variants of the CFTR gene are not so rare in Japanese paediatric patients with idiopathic pancreatitis. Surveying CFTR gene variants in a Japanese sample could help identify pancreatitis risk in these children.
Impaired cellular energy metabolism in cord blood macrophages contributes to abortive response toward inflammatory threats
Authors: Dreschers Stephan , Ohl Kim , Lehrke Michael , Möllmann Julia , Denecke Bernd , Costa Ivan , Vogl Thomas , Viemann Dorothee , Roth Johannes , Orlikowsky Thorsten , Tenbrock Klaus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeonatal sepsis is characterized by hyperinflammation causing enhanced morbidity and mortality compared to adults. This suggests differences in the response towards invading threats. Here we investigate activated cord blood macrophages (CBMΦ) in comparison to adult macrophages (PBMΦ), indicating incomplete interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10)-induced activation of CBMΦ. CBMΦ show reduced expression of phagocytosis receptors and cytokine expression in addition to altered energy metabolism. In particular, IFN-γ as well as IL-10-activated CBMΦ completely fail to increase glycolysis and furthermore show reduced activation of the mTOR pathway, which is important for survival in sepsis. MTOR inhibition by rapamycin equalizes cytokine production in CBMΦ and PBMΦ. Finally, incubation of PBMΦ with cord blood serum or S100A8/A9, which is highly expressed in neonates, suppresses mTOR activation, prevents glycolysis and the expression of an PBMΦ phenotype. Thus, a metabolic alteration is apparent in CBMΦ, which might be dependent on S100A8/A9 expression.
Quantifying dissipation using fluctuating currents
Authors: Li Junang , Horowitz Jordan M. , Gingrich Todd R. , Fakhri Nikta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSystems coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs can exhibit nonequilibrium dynamics, breaking detailed balance to generate currents. To power these currents, the entropy of the reservoirs increases. The rate of entropy production, or dissipation, is a measure of the statistical irreversibility of the nonequilibrium process. By measuring this irreversibility in several biological systems, recent experiments have detected that particular systems are not in equilibrium. Here we discuss three strategies to replace binary classification (equilibrium versus nonequilibrium) with a quantification of the entropy production rate. To illustrate, we generate time-series data for the evolution of an analytically tractable bead-spring model. Probability currents can be inferred and utilized to indirectly quantify the entropy production rate, but this approach requires prohibitive amounts of data in high-dimensional systems. This curse of dimensionality can be partially mitigated by using the thermodynamic uncertainty relation to bound the entropy production rate using statistical fluctuations in the probability currents.
A pupil size, eye-tracking and neuropsychological dataset from ADHD children during a cognitive task
Authors: Rojas-Líbano Daniel , Wainstein Gabriel , Carrasco Ximena , Aboitiz Francisco , Crossley Nicolás , Ossandón Tomás 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAttention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed based on observed behavioral outcomes alone. Given that some brain attentional networks involve circuits that control the eye pupil, we monitored pupil size in ADHD- diagnosed children and also in control children during a visuospatial working memory task. We present here the full dataset, consisting of pupil size time series for each trial and subject. There are data from, 22 control, and 28 ADHD-diagnosed children. There are also data from a subset of 17 ADHD children that performed the task twice, on- and off-medication. In addition, our dataset also includes gaze position data from each trial and subject, and also scores from the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children. In this context, the dataset can serve as a resource to analyze dynamic eye movement and pupil changes as a function of known behavioral changes and scores in neuropsychological tests, which reflect neurocognitive processing.
A Comprehensive Biophysical Analysis of the Effect of DNA Binding Drugs on Protamine-induced DNA Condensation
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Tiwari Neha , Munde Manoj 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDNA condensation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biology, yet the physical basis for it has remained elusive. Here, we have explored the mechanism of DNA condensation through the protamine-DNA interaction, and by examining on it the influence of DNA binding drugs. We observed that the DNA condensation is accompanied by B to Ψ-DNA transition as a result of DNA base pair distortions due to protamine binding, bringing about the formation of toroidal structure through coil-globule transition. The binding energetics suggested that electrostatic energy, bending energy and hydration energy must play crucial roles in DNA condensation. EtBr intercalation interferes with the protamine-DNA interaction, challenging the distortion of the DNA helix and separation of DNA base pairs by protamine. Thus, EtBr, by competing directly with protamine, resists the phenomenon of DNA condensation. On the contrary, netropsin impedes the DNA condensation by an allosteric mechanism, by resisting the probable DNA major groove bending by protamine. In summary, we demonstrate that drugs with distinct binding modes use different mechanism to interfere with DNA condensation.
Self-preservation and Stability of Methane Hydrates in the Presence of NaCl
Authors: Prasad Pinnelli S. R. , Kiran Burla Sai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGas hydrate, a solid transformed from an ensemble of water and gaseous molecules under suitable thermodynamic conditions, is present in marine and permafrost strata. The ability of methane hydrates to exist outside of its standard stability zone is vital in many aspects, such as its utility in gas storage and transportation, hydrate-related climate changes and gas reservoirs on the planet. A systematic study on the stability of methane hydrates divulges that the gas uptake decreased by about 10% by increasing the NaCl content to 5.0 wt%. The hydrate formation kinetic is relatively slower in a system with higher NaCl. The self-preservation temperature window for hydrate systems with NaCl 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 wt% dramatically shifted to a lower temperature (252 K), while it remained around 270 K for NaCl 0.0 and 0.5 wt%. Based on powder x-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopic studies, the presence of hydrohalite (NaCl·2H2O) phase was identified along with the usual hydrate and ice phases. The eutectic melting of this mixture is responsible for shifting the hydrate stability to 252 K. A systematic lattice expansion of cubic phase infers the interaction between NaCl and water molecules of hydrate cages.
Functional conservation of EXA1 among diverse plant species for the infection by a family of plant viruses
Authors: Yusa Akira , Neriya Yutaro , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Yoshida Tetsuya , Fujimoto Yuji , Hosoe Naoi , Keima Takuya , Tokumaru Kai , Maejima Kensaku , Netsu Osamu , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince the propagation of plant viruses depends on various host susceptibility factors, deficiency in them can prevent viral infection in cultivated and model plants. Recently, we identified the susceptibility factor Essential for poteXvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, and revealed that EXA1-mediated resistance was effective against three potexviruses. Although EXA1 homolog genes are found in tomato and rice, little is known about which viruses depend on EXA1 for their infection capability and whether the function of EXA1 homologs in viral infection is conserved across multiple plant species, including crops. To address these questions, we generated knockdown mutants using virus-induced gene silencing in two Solanaceae species, Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. In N. benthamiana, silencing of an EXA1 homolog significantly compromised the accumulation of potexviruses and a lolavirus, a close relative of potexviruses, whereas transient expression of EXA1 homologs from tomato and rice complemented viral infection. EXA1 dependency for potexviral infection was also conserved in tomato. These results indicate that EXA1 is necessary for effective accumulation of potexviruses and a lolavirus, and that the function of EXA1 in viral infection is conserved among diverse plant species.
Plant nitrilase: a new job for an old enzyme
Authors: Jez Joseph M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Nitrilases are versatile enzymes that hydrolyze nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia, but many members of this family lack defined biological functions. In plants, nitrilases have been associated with detoxification of cyanide-containing compounds and auxin biosynthesis; however, recent work suggests that the chemical versatility of these proteins contributes to metabolite repair. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Niehaus et al. demonstrate that the Nit1 nitrilase from Arabidopsis thaliana functions as a metabolite repair enzyme that removes deaminated glutathione from the cytoplasm and plastids.
A novel method to investigate the effects of gene mutations at the cellular level using a dual expression lentiviral vector
Authors: Huang Liyun , Peng Feixia , Wei Yun , He Wei , Zhao Shasha , Wang Juan , Zhang Yang , Zhao Houliang , Deng Wensheng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
One of the conventional methods to study the effects of gene mutations is that gene mutants are transfected into mammalian cells, and the dominant effects of gene mutants in the cells are examined. However, the result obtained using this method is not always satisfactory due to the interference of endogenous expression. Whether there is a better method to investigate the effects of gene mutations in cells remains to be examined. In the present study, a novel dual expression lentiviral vector was constructed using a shRNA-expressing lentiviral vector and combined techniques. Using this dual expression system, the vectors expressing both transcription factor IIA γ (TFIIAγ) shRNA and HA-TFIIAγ or its mutants were generated, and the effects of TFIIAγ gene mutations on transcription and protein–DNA interaction were investigated. We show that the transfection of the vector expressing TFIIAγ shRNA and HA-TFIIAγ fusion gene was able to silence the expression of endogenous TFIIAγ gene but not affect that of exogenous HA-TFIIAγ fusion gene in either transiently transfected cells or stable cell lines. Mutations in the conservative domain between AA62 and AA69 in TFIIAγ inhibit the activities of promoters and endogenous gene expression, and reduce TFIIAγ binding to AdML core promoter compared with wild-type (WT) TFIIAγ. ChIP-qPCR data suggest that the TFIIAγ N63A mutant inhibits insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) transcription by reducing the recruitments of TFIIAγ, polymerase II (Pol II), TATA box-binding protein (TBP), and TBP associated factor 1 (250 kDa) (TAF1) at its promoter. Our study provides a novel method that is used to investigate the effects of gene mutations at the cellular level.
The Relationship Between Physiological Mechanisms and the Self-Perception of Vocal Effort
Authors: McKenna Victoria S. , Diaz-Cadiz Manuel E. , Shembel Adrianna C. , Enos Nicole M. , Stepp Cara E. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the relationship between a large set of hypothesized physiological measures of vocal effort and self-ratings of vocal effort.

Method
Twenty-six healthy adults modulated speech rate and vocal effort during repetitions of the utterance /ifi/, followed by self-perceptual ratings of vocal effort on a visual analog scale. Physiological measures included (a) intrinsic laryngeal tension via kinematic stiffness ratios determined from high-speed laryngoscopy, (b) extrinsic suprahyoid and infrahyoid laryngeal tension via normalized percent activations and durations derived from surface electromyography, (c) supraglottal compression via expert visual–perceptual ratings, and (d) subglottal pressure via magnitude of neck surface vibrations from an accelerometer signal.

Results

Individual statistical models revealed that all of the physiological predictors, except for kinematic stiffness ratios, were significantly predictive of self-ratings of vocal effort. However, a combined regression model analysis yielded only 3 significant predictors: subglottal pressure, mediolateral supraglottal compression, and the normalized percent activation of the suprahyoid muscles (adjusted
R
2
= .60).

Conclusions
Vocal effort manifests as increases in specific laryngeal physiological measures. Further work is needed to examine these measures in combination with other contributing factors, as well as in speakers with dysphonia.
Co-Delivered Integrative Music and Language Therapy: Positive Outcomes Through Music Therapy and Speech-Language Pathology Collaboration
Authors: Johnson Melissa A. , Coles Heather , Keough Laurie , King Betsey , Reed Melissa 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Persons with aphasia can sometimes retain the ability to sing, and several studies have shown the effectiveness of using music to improve speech and language output. The purposes of this article were to discuss the theoretical principles and observed speech-language outcomes of a co-delivered integrative music and language therapy (CIMaLT) methodology for adults with chronic aphasia in a college-based clinic, to describe the interprofessional clinical education model used at the clinic, and to present a case example of CIMaLT implementation.

Conclusion
CIMaLT is an effective and feasible methodology to implement interprofessional education and practice in a college-based clinic. Additionally, it results in meaningful change in speech and language for some clients with aphasia and apraxia. Additional research is needed to further explore its outcomes for students and persons with aphasia and other neurogenic communication impairments at various stages of recovery.

Plain Language Summary
Persons with aphasia can sometimes retain the ability to sing, which can help improve speech and language function. Music and speech-language pathology students from our college-based clinic work together to provide treatment for persons with aphasia. This results in improvements in both student learning and client speech and language. This article describes the theory approach, and client and student outcomes of this treatment.