bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slotless tubular PM generator with dual quasi‐Halbach magnetized PM Array: Analytical and numerical magnetic field analysis
Authors: Moradi CheshmehBeigi Hassan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an initial design and analytical electromagnetic field solution for Slotless and Dual Quasi‐Halbach (DQH) Permanent Magnet mover is proposed for reciprocating free piston alternator application. Utilizing presented analytical magnetic field solution, Air‐Gap magnetic flux characteristic, and generated voltage are estimated. Using 3‐D finite‐element method (FEM) proposed structure numerically investigated and obtained numerical results employed to confirm the derived analytical models. The analytical results are compared with FEM and show excellent agreement. In order to determine output voltage and power characteristics, the load testing has been performed by a resistive variable load. The obtained results from FEM analysis and analytical magnetic field solution show an enhancement in the proposed alternator performance compared with the alternator with Halbach magnetized configuration, by improving provided power.
In situ full view of the Portland cement hydration by confocal Raman microscopy
Authors: Torres‐Carrasco Manuel , del Campo Adolfo , de la Rubia Miguel A. , Reyes Encarnación , Moragues Amparo , Fernández Jose F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe study of the hydration reactions of Portland cement is well documented by conventional techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis, or NMR, for instance. However, a complete view of all the phases present in the reactions is elusive. In this study, by using an in situ analysis through confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), the reaction of the initial phases (C2S, C3S, and C3A) to form new crystalline phases (portlandite, ettringite, and monosulfate) and amorphous C‐S‐H gel is reported. For the first time, this characterization technique allows to know the distribution and evolution of hydration water. In situ characterization of cement‐based materials opens a new gate to understand the different mechanisms involved in the processes of hydration of a Portland cement, due to the combined chemical and high spatial resolution of CRM.
Supramolecular Systems Based on Novel Amphiphiles and a Polymer: Aggregation and Selective Solubilization
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov Dinar R. , Samarkina Darya A. , Krylova Evgeniya S. , Kapitanov Illia V. , Karpichev Yevgen , Latypov Shamil K. , Semenov Vyacheslav E. , Nizameev Irek R. , Kadirov Marsil K. , Zakharova Lucia Ya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSupramolecular systems based on novel triazole‐containing and pyrimidine‐containing amphiphiles bearing OH‐groups and a hydrophilic polymer (polyethyleneimine, PEI) were fabricated. Aggregation threshold of individual amphiphile solutions and a surfactant/polymer binary mixture were determined to be equal to 2 and 0.05 mM, respectively, using tensiometry and conductometry techniques. It was found, that PEI addition to surfactant aqueous solutions induces the transition from open to closed association mode accompanying the decrease of mean hydrodynamic diameter of particles (D
H) from 100 nm to D
H ≤ 5 nm. Polymer addition to the system results in the leveling of pH decrease with surfactant concentration and increase of the electrokinetic potential values from 10 mV up to 40 mV. It was established that solubilization capacity of the supramolecular system formed could be increased by transition from surfactant individual solutions to the amphiphile/polymer binary system. The solubilization properties of the system strongly depend on the nature of the hydrophobic guest solubilized and differ by two orders of magnitude for hydrophobic azodye and lipophilic oxime.
Influence of Acacia dealbata Link bark extracts on the growth of Allium cepa L. plants under high salinity conditions
Authors: Lorenzo Paula , Souza‐Alonso Pablo , Guisande‐Collazo Alejandra , Freitas Helena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcacia dealbata Link is an invasive plant worldwide. Finding potential uses for its waste that contribute to controling its spread and result in benefits for agriculture has recently become a new topic of research. This study aimed to evaluate the potential biostimulant effect of bark extract derived from the management of A. dealbata (0, 450 or 900 ppm) on onion plants growing under stressful conditions, such as in soils treated with saline solutions (0, 60 or 120 mmol L−1 NaCl) and with reduced irrigation (100%, 50% or 25%).RESULTSA. dealbata Link bark extract significantly increased height as well as leaf, root and total biomass of plants in soils irrigated with NaCl solution (120 mmol L−1). These plants also had a higher content of Cl in roots, but a lower content of P in leaves and of K in bulbs. The 450 ppm bark treatment additionally increased the protein content in leaves and decreased the Na and Mg content in bulbs and bulbs and roots, respectively. The bark extract also increased the sugar content in plants under saline conditions. However, the effect of bark extract was negligible on plants that grew under drought stress.CONCLUSIONResults revealed that the bark extract might attenuate stress effects in plants growing at high salinity levels, probably by increasing their sugar and protein content and via the accumulation of ions in the roots. Although additional experiments are required, we suggest that the bark extract of A. dealbata has potential applications in agriculture concerned with biostimulant formulations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk assessment and prediction for toxic heavy metals in chestnut and growth soil from China
Authors: Wu Shutian , Zheng Yuewen , Li Xianbin , Han Yongxiang , Qu Minghua , Ni Zhanglin , Tang Fubin , Liu Yihua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDToxic heavy metals (THMs) cause severe environmental hazards and threaten human health through various consumption of food stuff. However, little is known of THMs in chestnuts. In this study, the risk assessment and prediction of THMs [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg)] in chestnuts and growth soils from China were investigated.RESULTSThe main detected THMs in chestnuts and growth soils were As and Cd. The total pollution levels of the five THMs (Nemerow pollution indexes, NPIs) were 0.062 and 1.06, respectively. The dietary risks for children were higher than those of adults, especially short‐term non‐carcinogenic risk. The main combined risks from the relationships between THMs were Pb‐Cr (r = 0.85, P < 0.01) in chestnuts and Pb‐As (r = 0.59, P < 0.01) in growth soils. The risk source was found to be the uptake effect of THMs from soil to chestnut, with the highest bioaccumulation factors (BCFs) of Cd (0.254). Several comprehensive risk models were established with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.79. In addition, the main contribution rates of different soil parameters to comprehensive risk of THMs uptake were 49.8% (Cd), 23.4% (pH), 13.8% (Cr) and 13.0% (organic carbon).CONCLUSIONThe total pollution levels of THMs fell outside of the safety domain in growth soils. Furthermore, more attention needs to be paid to Cd pollution owing to its low environment background value and high accumulation ability. Three main soil parameters (Cr content, pH, organic carbon) played important roles in the formations and accumulations of THMs in chestnuts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of residual solvents in isobutylboronic acid: Masking derivatization improves stability of GC column
Authors: Papoušek Roman , Žák Stanislav , Štverka Pavel , Gavenda Aleš , Borovcová Lucie , Barták Petr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMasking derivatization was introduced for the determination of residual solvents in samples containing a volatile reactive matrix component(s). Isobutylboronic acid, used in the last step of Bortezomib synthesis, represents a compound passing to the gas phase and deteriorating a chromatographic column during a headspace analysis. The masking derivatization with 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene allowed a simple and straightforward conversion of isobutylboronic acid to a stable nonvolatile derivative and thus prevented gas chromatography column deterioration. The method was successfully validated according to the guidelines of International Committee for Harmonization (Q3C (R6) Guideline for Residual Solvents) and international pharmacopoeias (Ph. Eur., USP) and approved by Teva Czech Industries for routine application.
Impacts of future climate and agricultural land‐use changes on regional agricultural water use in a large irrigation district of northwest China
Authors: Sun Shikun , Zhou Tianwa , Wu Pute , Wang Yubao , Zhao Xining , Yin Yali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAgricultural sectors are facing various environmental threats, such as land degradation and water resource depletion. Agricultural water use and cropping patterns are closely linked to each other, with both related to the regional climate. This study evaluated the impacts of future climate and agricultural land‐use changes on agricultural water consumption in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The results show that owing to an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation, the future climate in the research area will become warmer and dryer, which will increase the water demand of crops. Future climate in the HID will lead to a 10.5% increase in total irrigation water demand under a scenario of high greenhouse gas emissions and a 6.9% increase under a scenario of low greenhouse gas emissions. Results of the grey prediction modeling indicate that the amount of water allocated to the agricultural sector will decrease, which will make it difficult to meet crop irrigation demands. The results of the gray model also show that the cropping pattern in the HID will vary over time, and the proportion of the area of cash crops will increase by 5.3% during the next decade. Regional agricultural water use can be reduced by adjusting the cropping pattern under irrigation water limitations. Meanwhile, the saved water can be used for soil desalination in cultivated land in the HID. Consequently, adjusting the cropping pattern is a nature‐based solution by which to address climate change and guarantee the sustainable use of regional water and land resources.
Effective Control of Laser‐Induced Carbonization Using Low‐Density Polyethylene/Polystyrene Multilayered Structure via Nanolayer Coextrusion
Authors: Cheng Junfeng , You Xinghua , Cao Zheng , Wu Dun , Liu Chunlin , Pu Hongting 
Published: February 2019

AbstractControlled carbonization is very critical in improving the effect of laser‐induced patterns on a polymer surface. In the present work, the effects of a multilayered structure on the physical and laser‐marking properties of a low‐density polyethylene/polystyrene (LDPE/PS) multilayered film are studied. The multilayered film is prepared using nanolayer coextrusion and treated in air by scanning with a neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) pulsed laser beam. Based on various analyses, the laser‐induced patterns on the LDPE/PS multilayered film are significantly different from those on a conventional LDPE/PS blend. Furthermore, a mechanism for controlling the carbonized area of a multilayered film is proposed. This study also provides an effective method to fabricate laser‐patterning polymer materials based on a multilayered structure. Nanolayer coextrusion will have broad application prospects in the field of polymer laser marking. Importantly, this work opens up a valuable and viable direction for the practical application of these multilayered polymer materials.
Ultralow Tribological Properties of Polymer Composites Containing [BMIm]PF6‐Loaded Multilayer Wall Microcapsule
Authors: Li Haiyan , Ma Yingjie , Cui Yexiang , Li Zhike , Wang Huaiyuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultilayer wall microcapsules efficiently loaded with a lubricant (ionic liquid [BMIm]PF6) are successfully synthesized via a combination of interfacial and in situ polymerization reactions based on lignin nanoparticle–stabilized Pickering emulsion templates. The resulting microcapsules are spherical in shape, with an ideal structure of a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface. The mean diameter and wall thickness of the resultant microcapsules are 52 ± 18 µm and 3–6 µm. The core fraction is ≈71.29 wt%. Compared with the pure epoxy resin, the friction coefficient of self‐lubricating composites decreases by 83.6% (from 0.55 to 0.09) and the wear rate decreases by 218 times (from 76.8 × 10−14 to 0.352 × 10−14 m3 N−1 m−1) by incorporating 20 wt% of the resultant microcapsules into the epoxy resin. It is demonstrated that [BMIm]PF6, a more efficient lubricant, release from the microcapsules during the friction process produced a boundary lubricating film. The bipolar property of [BMIm]PF6 makes the lubricating film firmer, which can efficiently prevent direct contact between the resin matrix and counterface. Furthermore, the rough poly(urea‐formaldehyde) outer surface of multilayer microcapsules brings in an improved interface property between the microcapsules and resin matrix.
Minimal kernels of Dirac operators along maps
Authors: Wittmann Johannes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLet M be a closed spin manifold and let N be a closed manifold. For maps and Riemannian metrics g on M and h on N, we consider the Dirac operator of the twisted Dirac bundle . To this Dirac operator one can associate an index in . If M is 2‐dimensional, one gets a lower bound for the dimension of the kernel of out of this index. We investigate the question whether this lower bound is obtained for generic tupels .
A Whole‐Grain Diet Increases Glucose‐Stimulated Insulin Secretion Independent of Gut Hormones in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Malin Steven K. , Kullman Emily L. , Scelsi Amanda R. , Godin Jean‐Philippe , Ross Alastair B. , Kirwan John P. 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionThe effect of whole‐grain (WG) versus refined‐grain (RG) diets on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and β‐cell function is unclear.MethodsIn a double‐blind crossover randomized controlled trial, 13 prediabetic adults (37.2 ± 1.8 y, BMI: 33.6 ± 1.4 kg m−2, 2 h glucose: 146.9 ± 11.6 mg dL−1) are provided isocaloric‐matched WG and RG diets for 8‐weeks each, with an 8–10 week washout between diets. Glucose, insulin, and C‐peptide are studied over 240 min following a 75 g OGTT. Incretins (GLP‐1 and GIP), PYY, and total ghrelin are assessed at 0, 30, and 60 min. Mixed‐meal diets for carbohydrate (54%), fat (28%), and protein (18%) contain either WG (50 g/1000 kcal) or equivalent RG.ResultsBoth diets induce fat loss (≈2 kg). While neither diet impacts early phase GSIS, the WG diet increases total GSIS (iAUC of C‐peptide0‐240/Glc0‐240, p = 0.02) and β‐cell function (disposition index; GSIS × insulin sensitivity, p = 0.02). GIP and PYY are unaltered by either diet, but GLP‐1 is higher at 30 min following RG versus WG (p = 0.04). Ghrelin levels are higher at 60 min of the OGTT following both interventions (p = 0.01).ConclusionA WG‐rich diet increases β‐cell function independent of gut hormones in adults with prediabetes.
Jamun (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) Fruit Extract Prevents Obesity by Modulating the Gut Microbiome in High‐Fat‐Diet‐Fed Mice
Authors: Xu Jialin , Liu Tingting , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Wei , Ding Zhanjun , Ma Hang , Seeram Navindra P. , Mu Yu , Huang Xueshi , Li Liya 
Published: February 2019

ScopePublished data support that gut microbiota play an important role in the pathological process of obesity and related metabolic disorders. In the current study, it is investigated whether a standardized extract from Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), a widely consumed tropical fruit, could alleviate obesity and alter gut microbial community in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice are fed either a standard diet (SD) or HFD with or without Jamun fruit extract (JFE; 100 mg kg−1 day−1) by oral gavage for 8 weeks. JFE supplementation significantly alleviated diet‐induced obesity, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. JFE supplementation also improved HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis by restoring the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes as revealed by 16S rDNA analyses. The relative abundance of certain genera, as well as levels and proportion of intestinal‐derived short‐chain fatty acids are improved in JFE‐treated mice in comparison to the HFD‐fed control group.ConclusionThese promising data show the potential association between gut microbiota modulation and metabolism improvement of the JFE administration, and support the utilization and further investigation of Jamun fruit as a dietary intervention strategy for the prevention of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Identification of metabolites in coriander seeds (Coriandrum Sativum L.) aided by ultrahigh resolution total correlation NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Verma Ajay , Parihar Rashmi , Baishya Bikash 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNMR is a fast method for obtaining a holistic snapshot of the metabolome and also offers quantitative information without separating the compounds present in a complex mixture. Identification of the metabolites present in a plant extract sample is a crucial step for all plant metabolomics studies. In the present work, we used various two dimensional (2D) NMR methods such as J‐resolved NMR, total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), and heteronuclear single quantum coherence sensitivity enhanced NMR spectroscopy for the identification of 36 common metabolites present in Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract. The identified metabolites belong to the following classes: organic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. 1H NMR spectra of such complex mixtures in general display tremendous signal overlap due to the presence of a large number of metabolites with closely resonating multiplet signals. This signal overlapping leads to ambiguity in an assignment, and hence, identification of metabolites becomes tedious or impossible in many cases. Therefore, the utility of pure‐shift proton spectrum along the indirect (F1) dimension of the F1‐PSYCHE‐TOCSY spectrum is demonstrated for overcoming ambiguity in assignment of metabolites in crowded spectral regions from Coriandrum sativum L. seed extract sample. Because pure‐shift NMR methods yield ultrahigh resolution spectrum (i.e., a singlet peak per chemical site) along one or more dimensions, such spectra provide better identification of metabolites compared with regular 2D TOCSY where signal overlap and peak distortions lead to ambiguity in the assignment. Nine metabolites were unambiguously assigned by pure‐shift F1‐PSYCHE‐TOCSY spectrum, which was unresolved in regular TOCSY spectrum.
The cortisol response in parents staying with a sick child at hospital
Authors: Angelhoff Charlotte , Edéll‐Gustafsson Ulla , Mörelius Evalotte 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo study the cortisol response in parents staying with their child in paediatric wards, to compare the parents’ cortisol levels between the paediatric ward and at home 4 weeks after discharge and to compare the parents’ cortisol levels with data of an adult reference population, reported by Wust et al., as there are few studies investigating parental cortisol.DesignThis study has a descriptive and prospective comparative design.MethodThirty‐one parents participated. Saliva samples were collected in the paediatric ward and 4 weeks later at home.ResultsThe parents had lower morning awakening cortisol levels in the paediatric ward than at home after discharge. There were no statistically significant differences in postawakening cortisol or cortisol awakening response (CAR). The child's age, diagnosis or previously diagnosed chronic condition did not affect the parents’ cortisol levels. The morning and postawakening cortisol levels were lower than those of the reference population.ConclusionThe hospital stay with a sick child affects parents’ cortisol levels. Parental stress needs more attention to find interventions to prevent the risk of stress‐related complications that subsequently can affect the care of the child.
Aspirin in childhood acute ischemic stroke: The evidence for treatment and efficacy testing
Authors: Boucher Alexander A. , Taylor J. Michael , Luchtman‐Jones Lori 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAspirin is the most commonly prescribed antiplatelet agent worldwide, but evidence supporting its use varies by age and disease process. Despite its frequent use in childhood acute ischemic stroke prevention and management, major knowledge gaps exist about optimal pediatric aspirin use, particularly in this setting, where high‐quality clinical trials are urgently needed. This review focuses upon the evidence for aspirin use in childhood acute ischemic stroke, includes a summary of aspirin pharmacology to highlight misconceptions and common clinical situations which may limit its efficacy, and discusses the techniques and potential role of laboratory monitoring of aspirin efficacy in children.
Evaluation of phenolic compounds from viroid‐free and viroid‐infected apples using HPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Vu Thi Phuong Duyen , Cho In Sook , Kim Kyung Tae , Yang Seo Young , Kim Young Ho , Kang Jong Seong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionApples are the most consumed fruits in Korea and have played an economically important role in Korean agriculture. However, widespread viroid infection in apples had been reported in recent years.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to clarify the relationships between viroid‐disease resistance and phenols content of three apple cultivars: “Fuji”, “Gamhong”, and “Hongro”. A model for distinguishing between viroid‐free and viroid‐infected apples was also developed.MethodologyPhenolic compounds in samples were detected using high‐performance liquid chromatography photodiode array tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐PDA‐MS/MS) and quantified using an ultraviolet detector at 280 nm. A C18‐column and 0.5% aqueous acetic acid–methanol were used as the stationary and mobile phase. The HPLC method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Multivariate analysis was performed using phenols content as variables to classify viroid‐free and viroid‐infected apples.ResultsAn accurate method for identifying and quantifying phenol compounds in apple samples was developed and validated. In response to viroid infection, considerable increases in the content of dihydrochalcones (in all three cultivars), hydroxycinnamic acid (in “Fuji”), and flavonols (in “Hongro”) were observed. The flavonols content in “Fuji” viroid‐infected samples, however, decreased dramatically. An effective linear discriminant model, with 98.2% accuracy and 94.6% predictive ability, was achieved to discriminate between viroid‐free and viroid‐infected samples.ConclusionThe developed HPLC method is suitable to identify and quantify phenol compounds in viroid‐free and viroid‐infected apples. A hypothesis about the significance of these compounds in viroid‐disease resistance was proposed. The linear discriminant model with high predictive ability is useful for identifying viroid‐infected apples in the orchards.