bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact 4-Port MIMO/Diversity Antenna with Low Correlation for UWB Application
Authors: Mathur Rohit , Dwari Santanu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A compact four port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity for ultrawideband (UWB) application is proposed. The antenna contains four monopoles where each monopole has three concentric rings. Orthogonal arrangement of monopoles of the antenna provides good isolation and polarization diversity. The antenna has compact size of 36×36×1.6 mm3. It operates in the frequency band of 3.2 to 11 GHz where isolation is better than 15 dB. The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain from S-parameter have been calculated to evaluate MIMO performance of the antenna. In addition to ensure distortion less transmission in UWB group delay is also calculated.
The Center of the Earth in Ancient Thought
Authors: Finn Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThroughout the annals of history, many societies have imagined that places integral to their religious, political, or cultural life should be considered “centers.” These centers are often represented by symbolic constructions, mythologies, and ideological statements. In many cases, notions of centrality are accompanied by claims that a particular space should be considered the “center” or “middle” of the earth; in the Classical World, such a place may also be referred to as the “navel of the earth,” with theomphalosconnected to the oracle at Delphi being the examplepar excellence. Yet Delphi did not hold a monopoly on Classical notions of centrality. From the archaic period to Late Antiquity, critical responses to Delphi emerged, sparking the appearance of other, competing, centers throughout the Mediterranean. New centers show striking similarities to one another in their associated ideologies, physicality, and mythography, and could be represented through programmatic cartographic, literary, and architectural statements. Regardless of the medium, all avenues of representation are indicators of the myriad ways in which these societies understood their physical and metaphorical place in relation to other civilizations of the ancient Mediterranean. This paper will argue that, through intense cultural contact, societies of the ancient world created imagined centers as a direct—and oftentimes competitive—response to other imagined centers in the Mediterranean, and beyond. All of these reconfigurations and manipulations of fictional and real space can be associated with fundamental shifts in the socio-cultural operations of the society in which the new “center” appears.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-(methanol-κO)-bis(μ2-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ2
N:O)-bis(triphenylphospine-κP)disilver(I)], C61H52Ag2N2O6P2
Authors: Zhu Ning , Ma Yan , Liu Jian-Ming , Li Yue-Xue , Liu Min , Xin Xiu-Lan , Jin Qiong-Hua 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C61H52Ag2N2O6P2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 14.4634(11) Å, b = 17.7866(18) Å, c = 20.5509(19) Å, V = 5286.8(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0424, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0997, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of chlorido-methanol-(N-(2-(oxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazonato-κ3
O,N,O′)-(4-methylphenyl)methyl-tin(IV), C23H24ClN3O4Sn
Authors: Mun Lee See , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
C23H24ClN3O4Sn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.7536(2) Å, b = 10.0755(2) Å, c = 12.4215(3) Å, α = 84.928(2)°, β = 72.544(2)°, γ = 74.382(2)°, V = 1121.44(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.021, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.054, T = 100(2) K.
Government Service Purchasing from Social Organizations in China: An Overview of the Development of a Powerful Trend
Authors: Wang Weinan , Snape Holly 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this work, we draw on available data to develop a comprehensive picture of the process through which “government service purchasing” has developed in China thus far. We argue that to understand the challenges that have begun to emerge in practice, it is important to look back and understand how government service purchasing has developed to date. Our hope is that by providing an overview of this development process, we can facilitate further research on what we believe is a phenomenon that will have deep implications for the relationships between Party, state, society, and market over the next decades in China.
Use it or lose it: The influence of second order effects of practical components on storing energy harvested by pyroelectric effects
Authors: Beasley Alex E. , Bowen Christopher R. , Zabek Daniel A. , Clarke Christopher T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Harvesting energy using the pyroelectric effect has seen growth as a potential energy source for low power applications, such as self-powered and autonomous wireless sensor networks. The scavenged energy is generally at low power levels, from mW to less than µW. While the voltages generated by pyroelectrics can be appreciable, the electric currents can be low in the order of nano-amps. In the case of pyroelectric harvesting the frequency of operation can also be low, typically much lower than 1 Hz, due to the slow temperature oscillations and transients in systems of large thermal mass. The combination of low power levels and low frequency of operation means that methods of storing electrical energy generated by pyroelectrics and the influence of inherent second order losses is of importance to create efficient harvesting devices. This paper examines the second order characteristic effects of practical capacitors and diodes for storage. The stored energy decay characteristics for commercially available components are examined and the data is used to characterise the second order effects. Selected components are then used in a pyroelectric harvesting system to determine potential improvements by appropriate selection of components with low loss.
Matching Performance Prediction Between Core Driven Fan Stage and High Pressure Compressor
Authors: Ma Changyou , Hou Minjie , Wang Hui , Gao Jie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Based on the aerodynamic matching configuration between a core driven fan stage (CDFS) and high pressure compressor (HPC), matching state point correlation equations have been established in this paper. The radial nonuniformity of the CDFS outlet flow and the aerodynamic loss caused by complex flow structure between these two components are taken full account in the equations, and a high-accuracy prediction program for matching performance has been developed. Based on the experimental performance data of two components, matching performance prediction at given bypass ratio is made and compared with experimental results. The results show that: 1) The outlet temperature of CDFS varies with its state points change, which makes the relative corrected rotation speed of HPC in matching environment change, and the characteristic line of HPC is not based on the same relative corrected rotation speed. 2) The difference exists between the matching performance prediction results and experimental results. One reason is that CDFS performance varies in the component environment and the matching environment due to the different back pressure regulation modes; another reason is that this prediction method doesn’t consider the effect of the CDFS’s outlet flow nonuniformity on the HPC’s performance, but the maximum relative deviation of the flow rate is only 0.74 %.
„Atmosphäre“: Zum Potenzial eines Konzepts für die Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Radermacher Martin 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von der Feststellung, dass „Atmosphären“ einerseits ein empirischer Sachverhalt im religionswissenschaftlichen Feld sind und andererseits in verschiedenen Disziplinen seit gut 40 Jahren auch als analytisches Konzept gehandelt werden, verfolgt dieser Literaturüberblick das Ziel, den Stand der Forschung zum Atmosphärenkonzept zusammenzufassen und das Potenzial des Konzepts für religionswissenschaftliche Forschung zu diskutieren. Der Beitrag stellt wesentliche Positionen zum Atmosphärenkonzept aus Philosophie, Phänomenologie, Psychologie, Ästhetik und Kunstwissenschaft sowie Architekturgeschichte, Städtebau, Soziologie, Humangeographie und Theologie vor und konstatiert ein religionswissenschaftliches Forschungsdesiderat. Auch die Religionsästhetik und einige der sogenannten turns werden thematisiert, da sie sich bereits mit Aspekten dessen befassen, was den Atmosphärenbegriff und seine Operationalisierung ausmacht. Der Artikel beinhaltet zudem einige Hypothesen, wie ein religionswissenschaftlich fruchtbares Atmosphärenkonzept auszuarbeiten wäre.
Didaktische Gestaltungen des Themas „Islam“ aus LehrerInnen- und SchülerInnenperspektive. Konfessioneller und religionskundlicher Unterricht im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Rothgangel Martin , Schlag Thomas , Schweitzer Friedrich 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Im Zentrum des hier präsentierten empirischen Forschungsvorhabens steht die Frage, wie LehrerInnen das Unterrichtsthema „Islam“ in der konkreten didaktischen Gestaltung des Religionsunterrichts behandeln und wie dies von Schülerinnen und Schülern des Faches wahrgenommen wird. Das dafür gewählte Untersuchungsdesign ist dabei in einer vergleichenden Perspektive auf die Modelle des konfessionellen und religionskundlichen Unterrichts sowie auf die entsprechenden bildungspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen in Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz ausgerichtet. Vor dem Hintergrund des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes zur Thematik erfolgen im Sinne einer ersten Konkretisierung Einblicke in erste Lehrerbefragungen in den drei genannten Ländern.
Elementarisierungsansatz und Geometric Didactic Analysis im Dialog: Neue Perspektiven für die Lehrplanforschung im Fach Religion
Authors: Stogiannidis Athanasios , Koutsoupias Nikolaos 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Der vorliegende Beitrag fußt auf einem wissenschaftlichen Ansatz, der zwei unterschiedliche Forschungszweige aufeinander bezieht und auf das Gebiet der Religionsdidaktik anwendet. Der eine ist der auf den Kompetenz-Begriff fokussierte Elementarisierungsansatz von Friedrich Schweitzer (Tübingen). Dieser Ansatz, wie er den meisten Religionsdidaktikern schon seit Jahren bekannt ist, beschreibt ein Kompetenzmodell für den Religionsunterricht. Der zweite Ansatz heißt Geometric Didactic Analysis und wurde interdisziplinär von Athanasios Stogiannidis (Thessaloniki) und Nikolaos Koutsoupias (Thessaloniki) entwickelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich das Ziel, die didaktischen Dimensionen von Lehrplänen mit Hilfe von Methoden der multivarianten Datenanalyse in der Art einer – metaphorisch gesprochen – „didaktischen Landkarte“ zu erschließen und zu bewerten.
Textural and Geometrical Features Based Approach for Identification of Individuals Using Palmprint and Hand Shape Images from Multiple Multimodal Datasets
Authors: Shaukat Anum , Farhan Saima , Fahiem Muhammad Abuzar , Tauseef Huma , Tahir Fahima , Usman Ghousia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Identification and classification of biometrics are important research areas in the field of image processing and pattern recognition. Biometrics are the measurement and statistical analysis of physiological and behavioral characteristics of humans. A wide variety of biometric modalities are available, with unimodal biometrics suffering from several factors. The proposed research is novel because it uses a single image of a hand in order to extract a variety of unique characteristics, like hand shape and the palmprint associated with individual hands. Moreover, it obtains higher accuracy with minimum effort. We have chosen the multimodal biometrics, i.e., palmprint and hand shape, from three datasets, i.e., PolyU Palmprint Database, GPDS Hand Database, and the Bosphorus Hand Database, for a total of 1,072 images. There are 302 textural features found in the palmprint images, and 12 geometrical features are extracted from the hand images. Classification models include Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (IBk), Decision Tree, Random Tree, Random Forest, and Bagging. The train and test method is used to evaluate the performance of different classifiers. It is observed that Naïve Bayes, SVM, IBk, and Random Tree models result in classification accuracy of 99.44 % with palmprint images using the 302 textural features over the combined dataset. After feature reduction, similar accuracy is achieved with the top ten, and even with the top five, features. For geometrical features, an accuracy of 99.81 % is achieved with the hand images using Naïve Bayes, SVM, IBk, and Random Tree.
Structure and Evolution of Neurexophilin
Authors: Petrenko Alexander G. , Ullrich Beate , Missler Markus , Krasnoperov Valery , Rosahl Thomas W. , Südhof Thomas C. 
Published: April 2018

Using affinity chromatography on immobilized α-latrotoxin, we have purified a novel 29 kDa protein, neurexophilin, in a complex with neurexin Iα. Cloning revealed that rat and bovine neurexophilins are composed of N-terminal signal peptides, nonconserved N-terminal domains (20% identity over 80 residues), and highly homologous C-terminal sequences (85% identity over 169 residues). Analysis of genomic clones from mice identified two distinct neurexophilin genes, one of which is more homologous to rat neurexophilin and the other to bovine neurexophilin. The first neurexophilin gene is expressed abundantly in adult rat and mouse brain, whereas no mRNA corresponding to the second gene was detected in rodents despite its abundant expression in bovine brain, suggesting that rodents and cattle primarily express distinct neurexophilin genes. RNA blots andin situhybridizations revealed that neurexophilin is expressed in adult rat brain at high levels only in a scattered subpopulation of neurons that probably represent inhibitory interneurons; by contrast, neurexins are expressed in all neurons. Neurexophilin contains a signal sequence and is N-glycosylated at multiple sites, suggesting that it is secreted and binds to the extracellular domain of neurexin Iα. This hypothesis was confirmed by binding recombinant neurexophilin to the extracellular domains of neurexin Iα. Together our data suggest that neurexophilin constitutes a secreted glycoprotein that is synthesized in a subclass of neurons and may be a ligand for neurexins.
Muscle Response to Changing Neuronal Input in the Lobster (Panulirus interruptus) Stomatogastric System: Spike Number- versus Spike Frequency-Dependent Domains
Authors: Morris Lee G. , Hooper Scott L. 
Published: April 2018

We aimed to determine the neuronal parameters controlling the contraction of slowly contracting, non-twitch (“tonic”) muscles driven by rhythmic neuronal activity. These muscles are almost completely absent in mammals but are common in lower vertebrates and invertebrates. Slow muscles are often believed to function primarily in tonic motor patterns. However, previous research and data presented here indicate that slow muscles are also driven by rhythmic neuronal inputs.In rapidly contracting “twitch” muscles, motor unit force is believed to be primarily determined by motor neuron spike frequency. What determines slow muscle output is less well understood. We present a simple model that suggests that when motor neuron burst duration is brief compared with muscle summation time, spike number, not spike frequency, determines slow muscle contraction amplitude.We present analyses that distinguish between spike number and spike frequency dependence in two slow muscles in the lobster stomatogastric system. Our analysis shows that, functionally, one muscle is spike number dependent, whereas the other is primarily spike frequency dependent. Thus, both of these parameters can determine slow muscle output. To predict the movements elicited by neuronal activity in preparations in which slow muscles are common, it may be necessary to determine spike number versus spike frequency dependence for each muscle.Spike number dependence couples motor neuron burst duration and spike frequency in that changing either parameter alone alters spike number (and hence muscle contraction amplitude). Neural networks innervating spike number-dependent muscles may therefore have specific properties to compensate for the complexity intrinsic to spike number coding.
Similarities and Differences between the Responses of Rat Sensory Neurons to Noxious Heat and Capsaicin
Authors: Nagy Istvan , Rang Humphrey P. 
Published: April 2018

We have compared the membrane response of rat primary sensory neurons to capsaicin and noxious heat, using electrophysiological and ion flux measurements. Our aim was to determine whether, as recently proposed, the same molecular entity accounts for excitation by both types of stimulus.The properties of the ion channels activated by heat and capsaicin show many similarities but also important differences. The calcium permeability of heat-activated channels is lower than that of capsaicin-activated channels. Distinct single channels respond to heat or capsaicin, and only a few show dual sensitivity. At the whole-cell level, individual cells invariably show dual sensitivity, but the amplitudes of the responses show little correlation.We conclude that distinct molecular entities, which are both likely to be derived from the VR1 gene product, account for the membrane responses to heat and capsaicin.
Control of Action Potential Timing by Intrinsic Subthreshold Oscillations in Olfactory Bulb Output Neurons
Authors: Desmaisons David , Vincent Jean-Didier , Lledo Pierre-Marie 
Published: April 2018

Rhythmic patterns of neuronal activity have been found at multiple levels of various sensory systems. In the olfactory bulb or the antennal lobe, oscillatory activity exhibits a broad range of frequencies and has been proposed to encode sensory information. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these oscillations are unknown. Bulbar oscillations might be an emergent network property arising from neuronal interactions and/or resulting from intrinsic oscillations in individual neurons. Here we show that mitral cells (output neurons of the olfactory bulb) display subthreshold oscillations of their membrane potential. These oscillations are mediated by tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents and range in frequency from 10 to 50 Hz as a function of resting membrane potential. Because the voltage dependency of oscillation frequency was found to be similar to that for action potential generation, we studied how subthreshold oscillations could influence the timing of action potentials elicited by synaptic inputs. Indeed, we found that subthreshold oscillatory activity can trigger the precise occurrence of action potentials generated in response to EPSPs. Furthermore, IPSPs were found to set the phase of subthreshold oscillations and can lead to “rebound” spikes with a constant latency.Because intrinsic oscillations of membrane potential enable very precise temporal control of neuronal firing, we propose that these oscillations provide an effective means to synchronize mitral cell subpopulations during the processing of olfactory information.
Proprioceptive Control of Extensor Activity during Fictive Scratching and Weight Support Compared to Fictive Locomotion
Authors: Perreault Marie-Claude , Enriquez-Denton Manuel , Hultborn Hans 
Published: April 2018

At rest, extensor group I afferents produce oligosynaptic inhibition of extensor motoneurons. During locomotor activity, however, such inhibition is replaced by oligosynaptic excitation. Oligosynaptic excitation from extensor group I afferents plays a crucial role in the regulation of extensor activity during walking. In this study we investigate the possibility that this mechanism also regulates extensor muscle activity during other motor tasks.We show that the reflex pathways responsible for extensor group I oligosynaptic excitation during fictive locomotion can be activated during both fictive scratching and fictive weight support (tonic motor activity induced by contralateral scratching). These observations suggest that the excitatory group I oligosynaptic reflex pathways are open for transmission during several forms of motor activities. We also show that extensor group I input during fictive scratching can affect the amplitude and the timing of extensor activity in a pattern similar to that observed during locomotion. Most likely these effects involve the activation of the excitatory group I oligosynaptic reflex pathways. Accordingly, it is suggested that extensor group I oligosynaptic excitation during motor activities other than locomotion is also used to regulate extensor muscle activity. Furthermore, the similarity of effects from extensor group I input on the rhythmicity during scratching and locomotion supports the hypothesis that both rhythms are generated by a common network.
Metaplasticity of Mossy Fiber Synaptic Transmission Involves Altered Release Probability
Authors: Goussakov Ivan V. , Fink Klaus , Elger Christian E. , Beck Heinz 
Published: April 2018

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is a fundamental feature of CNS synapses. Intriguingly, the capacity of synapses to express plastic changes is itself subject to considerable activity-dependent variation, or metaplasticity. These forms of higher order plasticity are important because they may be crucial to maintain synapses within a dynamic functional range. In this study, we asked whether neuronal activity inducedin vivoby application of kainate can induce lasting changes in mossy fiber short- and long-term plasticity.Several weeks after kainate-induced status epilepticus, the mossy fiber, but not the associational-commissural pathway, exhibits a marked loss of paired-pulse facilitation, augmentation, and long-term potentiation (LTP). Because the adenylyl cyclase–protein kinase A cascade is involved in mossy fiber LTP induction, we have tested the integrity of this key pathway by pharmacological activation of either adenylyl cyclase or protein kinase A. These treatments resulted in LTP in control, but not in kainate-treated animals, indicating that status-induced changes occur downstream of protein kinase A. To test whether altered neurotransmitter release might account for these changes, we measured the size of the releasable pool of glutamate in mossy fiber terminals. We find that the size of the releasable pool of glutamate was significantly increased in kainate-treated rats, indicating an increased release probability at the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse.Therefore, we suggest that lasting changes in neurotransmitter release probability caused by neuronal activity may be a powerful mechanism for metaplasticity that modulates both short- and long-term plasticity in the mossy fiber-CA3 synapse after status epilepticus.