bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A theory of youth mental health recovery from a parental perspective
Authors: Kelly Mary , Coughlan Barry 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMental health disorders have a negative impact on the individual, society and global economy. The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing in young people, if unaddressed, they may develop into severe and chronic illnesses. Despite this, research into youth mental health recovery is limited. The current study aims to develop a theoretical framework of recovery in youth mental health and identify what facilitates this process.MethodsFourteen parents of children engaged with the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service were interviewed in relation to their understanding of youth mental health recovery. The transcripts of these interviews were analysed using the constructivist grounded theory approach.ResultsA theoretical model of youth mental health was developed. The model provides an understanding of (a) the characteristics of youth mental health recovery, (b) the facilitators of recovery and (c) the barriers to recovery. The theory suggests that due to developmental factors youth mental health recovery occurs within the ecological context of complex social systems.ConclusionsThe theory reflects elements of existing developmental and recovery research and provides a novel understanding of youth mental health recovery. This model may inform social, government and service attitudes and policy, and highlights areas for future research.
An Efficient Solver for Two‐way Coupling Rigid Bodies with Incompressible Flow
Authors: Aanjaneya Mridul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present an efficient solver for monolithic two‐way coupled simulation of rigid bodies with incompressible fluids that is robust to poor conditioning of the coupled system in the presence of large density ratios between the solid and the fluid. Our method leverages ideas from the theory of Domain Decomposition, and uses a hybrid combination of direct and iterative solvers that exploits the low‐dimensional nature of the solid equations. We observe that a single Multigrid V‐cycle for the fluid equations serves as a very effective preconditioner for solving the Schur‐complement system using Conjugate Gradients, which is the main computational bottleneck in our pipeline. We use spectral analysis to give some theoretical insights behind this observation. Our method is simple to implement, is entirely assembly‐free besides the solid equations, allows for the use of large time steps because of the monolithic formulation, and remains stable even when the iterative solver is terminated early. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on several challenging examples of two‐way coupled simulation of smoke and water with rigid bodies. To illustrate that our method is applicable to other problems, we also show an example of underwater bubble simulation.
HairControl: A Tracking Solution for Directable Hair Simulation
Authors: Milliez A. , Sumner R.W. , Gross M. , Thomaszewski B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a method for adding artistic control to physics‐based hair simulation. Taking as input an animation of a coarse set of guide hairs, we constrain a subsequent higher‐resolution simulation of detail hairs to follow the input motion in a spatially‐averaged sense. The resulting high‐resolution motion adheres to the artistic intent, but is enhanced with detailed deformations and dynamics generated by physics‐based simulation. The technical core of our approach is formed by a set of tracking constraints, requiring the center of mass of a given subset of detail hair to maintain its position relative to a reference point on the corresponding guide hair. As a crucial element of our formulation, we introduce the concept of dynamically‐changing constraint targets that allow reference points to slide along the guide hairs to provide sufficient flexibility for natural deformations. We furthermore propose to regularize the null space of the tracking constraints based on variance minimization, effectively controlling the amount of spread in the hair. We demonstrate the ability of our tracking solver to generate directable yet natural hair motion on a set of targeted experiments and show its application to production‐level animations.
Cosserat Rods with Projective Dynamics
Authors: Soler Carlota , Martin Tobias , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a novel method to simulate Cosserat rods with Projective Dynamics (PD). The proposed method is both numerically robust and accurate with respect to the underlying physics, making it suitable for a variety of applications in computer graphics and related disciplines. Cosserat theory assigns an orientation frame to each point and is thus able to realistically simulate stretching and shearing effects, in addition to bending and twisting. Within the PD framework, it is possible to obtain accurate simulations given the implicit integration over time and its decoupling of the local‐global solve. In the proposed method, we start from the continuous formulation of the Cosserat theory and derive the constraints for the PD solver. We extend the standard definition of PD and add body orientations as system variables. Thus, we include the preservation of angular momentum, so that twisting and bending can be accurately simulated. Our formulation allows the simulation of different bending behaviors with respect to a user‐defined Young's modulus, the radius of the rod's cross‐section, and material density. We show how different material specifications in our simulations converge within a few iterations to a reference solution, generated with a high‐precision finite element method. Furthermore, we demonstrate mesh independence of our formulation: Refining the simulation mesh still results in the same characteristic motion, which is in contrast to previous position based methods.
A Temporally Adaptive Material Point Method with Regional Time Stepping
Authors: Fang Yu , Hu Yuanming , Hu Shi‐Min , Jiang Chenfanfu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpatially and temporally adaptive algorithms can substantially improve the computational efficiency of many numerical schemes in computational mechanics and physics‐based animation. Recently, a crucial need for temporal adaptivity in the Material Point Method (MPM) is emerging due to the potentially substantial variation of material stiffness and velocities in multi‐material scenes. In this work, we propose a novel temporally adaptive symplectic Euler scheme for MPM with regional time stepping (RTS), where different time steps are used in different regions. We design a time stepping scheduler operating at the granularity of small blocks to maintain a natural consistency with the hybrid particle/grid nature of MPM. Our method utilizes the Sparse Paged Grid (SPGrid) data structure and simultaneously offers high efficiency and notable ease of implementation with a practical multi‐threaded particle‐grid transfer strategy. We demonstrate the efficacy of our asynchronous MPM method on various examples including elastic objects, granular media, and fluids.
880. EUPHORBIA TUCKEYANA
Authors: Molero Julià , Romeiras Maria M. , Duarte Maria Cristina , Santos‐Guerra Arnoldo , Jestrow Brett , Francisco‐Ortega Javier 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Euphorbia tuckeyana is a dendroid spurge endemic to Cabo Verde. It belongs to E. subgenus Esula section Aphyllis subsection Macaronesicae, a monophyletic group of eleven species restricted to the Canaries, Madeira archipelago, the Selvagens islands, Cabo Verde, a small area of Atlantic Morocco, and Portugal, that have high horticultural potential for xeric gardens. Among them E. tuckeyana grows well in tropical environments with a summer rainy season. History of early collections and records is reviewed. The species has been previously depicted on one postage stamp and in papers focusing on the Cabo Verde flora. Three other phylogenetically distant groups of dendroid spurges, also with leaves spirally arranged in clusters located on stem tips, occur in the West Indies, Africa, and Asia. They also show high potential for tropical gardens. We present a previously unpublished ink‐drawing of E. tuckeyana that was made by the great Spanish plant illustrator Eugeni Sierra Ràfols (1919–1999). The name is lectotypified with a specimen housed in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) that was collected by the Portuguese naturalist João da Silva Feijó in the late 18th century.
The Truncated Commercialization of Microinsurance and the Limits of Neoliberalism
Authors: Bernards Nick 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMicroinsurance — defined as low‐cost insurance products targeting low‐income populations — exemplifies key themes in contemporary neoliberalism, and has figured prominently in neoliberalism's turn to discourses such as ‘risk management’ and ‘financial inclusion’. The development of commercial markets for microinsurance, however, has in practice been highly variable and often very limited. This article considers the implications of this process of ‘truncated commercialization’. It draws on a Polanyian analytical framework that emphasizes the contradictory regulatory dynamics involved in the commodification of labour. The article applies this approach by tracing multiscalar efforts to promote microinsurance, examining the emergence of the concept in the efforts of the International Labour Organization to promote social security for informal workers in the 1980s and 1990s, looking at the adoption of explicitly commercializing imperatives in the work of the International Association of Insurance Supervisors in the 2000s, and, finally, considering a case study of South Africa. The truncated commercialization of microinsurance, it is argued, provides a useful lens through which to see the practical impossibility of neoliberal development strategies.
Longitudinal relationships between speech perception, phonological skills and reading in children at high‐risk of dyslexia
Authors: Snowling Margaret J , Lervåg Arne , Nash Hannah M , Hulme Charles 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpeech perception deficits are commonly reported in dyslexia but longitudinal evidence that poor speech perception compromises learning to read is scant. We assessed the hypothesis that phonological skills, specifically phoneme awareness and RAN, mediate the relationship between speech perception and reading. We assessed longitudinal predictive relationships between categorical speech perception, phoneme awareness, RAN, language, attention and reading at ages 5½ and 6½ years in 237 children many of whom were at high risk of reading difficulties. Speech perception at 5½ years correlated with language, attention, phoneme awareness and RAN concurrently and was a predictor of reading at 6½ years. There was no significant indirect effect of speech perception on reading via phoneme awareness, suggesting that its effects are separable from those of phoneme awareness. Children classified with dyslexia at 8 years had poorer speech perception than age‐controls at 5½ years and children with language disorders (with or without dyslexia) had more severe difficulties with both speech perception and attention control. Categorical speech perception tasks tap factors extraneous to perception, including decision‐making skills. Further longitudinal studies are needed to unravel the complex relationships between categorical speech perception tasks and measures of reading and language and attention.
Adivasi studies: From a historian's perspective
Authors: Dasgupta Sangeeta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs adivasis become increasingly visible as subjects in debates around conversion, identity, indigeneity, and development, the field of “Adivasi Studies,” centred on the subject of the adivasi, becomes increasingly relevant. As a newly emerging field, it engages with archaeology, anthropology, agrarian history, environmental history, subaltern studies, indigenous studies, aboriginal studies, and developmental economics but adds to these debates that are specific to the Indian context. This essay discusses some of the imperatives that make a revisit to the field of Adivasi Studies compelling. It engages with the ongoing dialogue amongst those who write the adivasis into the larger project of history‐writing, and sets out the markers of the field of Adivasi Studies from a historian's perspective. It reflects as much some of the dilemmas that one faces while engaging with the field of Adivasi Studies.
Popular politics in the Medieval Middle East
Authors: Elbendary Amina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPremodern Middle Eastern regimes were in general despotic, yet various social groups and communities did take part in the politics of their societies. Incidents of urban protest in Egypt and Syria in the late Mamluk period allow us to see some of their politics in practice, to understand some of the dynamics that operated in medieval Middle Eastern cities and the alliances between various groups and the social and political transformations that were taking place from the 15th century onwards. Recent research has added more nuance to understanding urban protest, not simply as reflexive reactions to economic strife but more as part of the dynamic that maintained city life and integrated various communities and which reflected new ideas of shared values and expectations of power. In riots, crowds of common people allied with and protested against military elites, religious scholars, merchants, and craftsmen. Recent studies have highlighted various roles of non‐elite urban groups in politics, analyzed urban politics in a regional and global context, and revised assumptions about unchanging autocratic Middle Eastern political culture. Some attention has also been given to the roles of peasants in rural politics. Studying popular politics allows us a better understanding of the role of various communities in pre‐modern Middle Eastern history.
Biomarkers of disseminated intravascular coagulation in pediatric intensive care unit in Thailand
Authors: Padungmaneesub Wiralpat , Reungrongrat Sanit , Manowong Suphara , Fanhchaksai Kanda , Panyasit Noppamas , Natesirinilkul Rungrote 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a systemic activation of hemostatic system caused by several causes. Biomarkers including antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and thrombomodulin (TM) were reported as the additional markers for DIC in adults. This study aimed to determine the association between biomarkers among patients with overt DIC (ODIC) and nonovert DIC (NDIC) in children in PICU.MethodsWe enrolled 103 subjects, aged 1 month‐18 years, who were admitted to PICU at Chiang Mai University (CMU) Hospital >24 hours with underlying conditions predisposing to DIC were enrolled. Biomarkers were tested after 24 hours of admission. Subject who had NDIC on the 1st investigations would have other tests on days 3‐5 of admission.ResultsThe incidence of ODIC by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) DIC score was found 24%. The bleeding, thrombosis, and death were significantly higher in ODIC group (P < 0.05). Mean levels of AT and PC in ODIC group were significantly different from NDIC one (66.9% vs 79.9%, P < 0.001 and 46.1% vs 59.2%, P = 0.004, respectively) while mean level of TM was not different between two groups. Adding AT to DIC score was better than the original score for predict mortality [area under curve (AUC) = 0.662 vs AUC = 0.65] and bleeding (AUC = 0.751 vs AUC = 0.732).ConclusionsODIC is prevalent among critically ill children. Adverse outcomes were more commonly found in children with ODIC. AT and PC levels after 24 hours of PICU admission seem to be the useful biomarkers for ODIC in PICU.
Effects of interleukin‐17A in nucleus pulposus cells and its small‐molecule inhibitors for intervertebral disc disease
Authors: Suyama Kaori , Sakai Daisuke , Hirayama Noriaki , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Matsushita Erika , Terayama Hayato , Qu Ning , Tanaka Osamu , Sakabe Kou , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntervertebral discs (IVD) degeneration, which is caused by ageing or mechanical stress, leads to IVD disease, including back pain and sciatica. The cytokine interleukin (IL)‐17A is elevated in NP cells during IVD disease. Here we explored the pharmacotherapeutic potential of IL‐17A for the treatment of IVD disease using small‐molecule inhibitors that block binding of IL‐17A to the IL‐17A receptor (IL‐17RA). Treatment of NP cells with IL‐17A increased expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), IL‐6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 and MMP‐13. These increases were suppressed by an IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibody, and small molecules that were identified as inhibitors by binding to the IL‐17A‐binding region of IL‐17RA. IL‐17A signalling also altered sulphated glycosaminoglycan deposition and spheroid colony formation, while treatment with small‐molecule inhibitors of IL‐17A attenuated this response. Furthermore, mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways were activated by IL‐17A stimulation and induced IL‐6 and COX‐2 expression, while small‐molecule inhibitors of IL‐17A suppressed their expression. Taken together, these results show that IL‐17A is a valid target for IVD disease therapy and that small‐molecule inhibitors that inhibit the IL‐17A–IL‐17RA interaction may be useful for pharmacotherapy of IVD disease.
The efficacy of oral Zhizhu Kuanzhong, a traditional Chinese medicine, in patients with postprandial distress syndrome
Authors: Xiao Yinglian , Li Yuwen , Shu Jianchang , Li Yan , Xu Jianming , Ren Jianlin , Liu Deliang , Wang Jiangbin , Zhou Liya , Li Yanqing , Tang Guodou , Tian De'an , Zhang Shutian , Hou Xiaohua , Wang Huahong , Li Zhaoshen , Lv Nonghua , Chen Minhu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimThe treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) remains unsatisfactory. We assessed the efficacy of Zhizhu Kuanzhong (ZZKZ) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) of FD.MethodsThe study was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double‐blinded, controlled clinical trial. Three‐hundred ninety‐two patients with PDS defined by Rome III criteria from 16 centers in China were randomly assigned to receive either ZZKZ or placebo. The proportion of the responders at 4 weeks after randomization was considered primary endpoint. Secondary endpoint was the symptom score reduction of each dyspeptic symptom relative to the baseline at 4 weeks after randomization in all subjects.ResultsIn terms of the primary endpoint, the proportion of the responders concerning the composite PDS symptom score was 38.8% and 54.7% in placebo group and ZZKZ group, respectively (P = 0.003), in per protocol analysis at 4 weeks after randomization. Concerning the individual evaluated upper gastrointestinal symptoms, only postprandial fullness and early satiety showed significant difference in symptom score reduction at 4 weeks after randomization between placebo and ZZKZ groups.ConclusionsZhizhu Kuanzhong is superior to placebo in the treatment of PDS with FD. The exact mechanisms by which ZZKZ improves symptoms remain to be established (http://www.chictr.org.cn/ChinCTR‐TRC‐14004714).
Plant–microbe competition: does injection of isotopes of C and N into the rhizosphere effectively characterise plant use of soil N?
Authors: Hill Paul W. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Despite considerable attention over the last 25 yr, the importance of early protein breakdown products to plant nitrogen (N) nutrition remains uncertain.

We used rhizosphere injection of 15N‐, 13C‐ and 14C‐labelled inorganic N and amino acid (l‐alanine), with chase periods from 1 min to 24 h, to investigate the duration of competition for amino acid between roots (Triticum aestivum) and soil microorganisms. We further investigated how microbial modification of l‐alanine influenced plant carbon (C) and N recovery.

From recovery of C isotopes, intact alanine uptake was 0.2–1.3% of added. Soil microbes appeared to remove alanine from soil solution within 1 min and release enough NH4+ to account for all plant 15N recovery (over 24 h) within 5 min. Microbially generated inorganic or keto acid C accounted for < 25% of the lowest estimate of intact alanine uptake.

Co‐location of C and N labels appears a reasonable measure of intact uptake. Potential interference from microbially modified C is probably modest, but may increase with chase period. Similarly, competition for l‐alanine is complete within a few minutes in soil, whereas NO3− added at the same rate is available for > 24 h, indicating that long chase periods bias outcomes and fail to accurately simulate soil processes.
Unexpected sequel to silver fluoride followed by stannous fluoride treatment of root stumps supporting an overlay denture in an aged‐care patient
Authors: Deutsch Alan A. , Craig Graham G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn institutionalized high care dementia patient, who is unable to maintain his own oral health, presented with five lower anterior carious root stumps supporting a lower overlay denture. Due to limited cooperation, his root stumps were treated with only silver fluoride followed by stannous fluoride applied topically on a 4‐monthly cycle. Almost one and a half years after his initial application, there were unexpected calculus formations on the root stumps accompanied by marked gingival inflammation and gingival hyperplasia. At this point prognosis was considered very poor. Because the patient's cooperation was so poor, no attempt was made to remove the calculus deposits. Following continued topical applications directly to the area, there was evidence of a marked and unexpected improvement in gingival health. Some 4 years and 4 months after the initial application, the root stumps demonstrated a hard glossy surface surrounded by healthy gingival tissue. There had been no change in the patient's oral care, minor changes to medications and there had been no operative or periodontal interventions.
Clinical reasoning model for pharmacy students
Authors: Tietze Karen J 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundClinical reasoning is an essential health care professional skill. Typically, pharmacy students figure out how to reason clinically on their own through the observation of skilled clinicians in various patient care settings. The need to start developing clinical reasoning skills in the pre‐clinical years has increased interest in classroom‐based clinical reasoning instruction.ContextThe focus of the current clinical reasoning literature is on teaching and assessing medical student clinical reasoning skills. Some literature is available for other health care professions, but there is little information regarding pharmacy student clinical reasoning skills. The current accreditation standards for pharmacy education in the USA require the assessment of clinical reasoning skills, but do not provide guidance regarding content, depth or breadth of skill development.InnovationA 2‐credit pharmacy elective clinical reasoning course and a new integrated clinical reasoning model were developed for first‐, second‐ and third‐year pre‐clinical Doctor of Pharmacy students. The new integrated clinical reasoning model, designed to guide pharmacy students through the clinical reasoning processes for making patient‐specific therapeutic recommendations, integrates standard Subjective‐Objective‐Assessment‐Planning (SOAPing) processes with pharmacy‐specific elements of clinical reasoning.ImplicationsStudent achievement on whole case‐based exams, designed to assess clinical reasoning skills, and student satisfaction with the course were high; however, longitudinal experience with cohorts internal and external to this institution is necessary to determine whether this type of course and clinical reasoning model is scalable, and whether the model has a measurable impact on student performance in the clinical year of the curriculum.