bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat wave occurrences over Senegal during spring: Regionalization and synoptic patterns
Authors: Sambou Marie‐Jeanne G. , Janicot Serge , Pohl Benjamin , Badiane Daouda , Dieng Abdou Lahat , Gaye Amadou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on 12 Senegalese stations of the Global Summary of the Day (GSOD) database (1979–2014), heat waves (HW) are defined for each station in spring (March–April–May, the hottest season in Senegal) as the daily maximum temperature (Tx), minimum temperature (Tn), or average apparent temperature of the day (AT), exceeding the corresponding 95% mobile percentile for at least three consecutive days. A hierarchical cluster analysis used to regionalize HW in these 12 stations is applied to simultaneous occurrences of daily temperature peaks over their 95% mobile percentiles. Three homogeneous zones of four stations each are identified (Zone 1, Zone 2 and Zone 3), from west (Atlantic coastline) to east (inland Senegal). Atmospheric circulation associated with HW is assessed through composites of ERA‐Interim deseasonalized anomalies, with the start date of each HW in each zone used as a reference. The main pattern controlling the presence of HW in Senegal consists in positive pressure anomalies centred around the strait of Gibraltar, promoting easterly to northeasterly wind anomalies. This causes higher temperatures in the three zones of Senegal, and lower temperatures and drier air over the central Sahel. This pattern is opposite to that characteristic of HW in the central Sahel shown in previous studies. From Zone 1 to Zone 3, the temperature and moisture patterns are shifted to the east while pressure anomalies weaken drastically. Night‐time Tn‐HW are characterized by higher water vapour contents than daytime Tx‐HW, corroborating and complementing previous studies over the Sahel. These HW patterns are close to the canonical mode of intra‐seasonal atmospheric variability over Senegal.
The value of a second reviewer for study selection in systematic reviews
Authors: Stoll Carolyn R.T. , Izadi Sonya , Fowler Susan , Green Paige , Suls Jerry , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAlthough dual independent review of search results by two reviewers is generally recommended for systematic reviews, there are not consistent recommendations regarding the timing of the use of the second reviewer. This study compared the use of a complete dual review approach, with two reviewers in both the title/abstract screening stage and the full‐text screening stage, as compared with a limited dual review approach, with two reviewers only in the full‐text stage.MethodsThis study was performed within the context of a large systematic review. Two reviewers performed a complete dual review of 15 000 search results and a limited dual review of 15 000 search results. The number of relevant studies mistakenly excluded by highly experienced reviewers in the complete dual review was compared with the number mistakenly excluded during the full‐text stage of the limited dual review.ResultsIn the complete dual review approach, an additional 6.6% to 9.1% of eligible studies were identified during the title/abstract stage by using two reviewers, and an additional 6.6% to 11.9% of eligible studies were identified during the full‐text stage by using two reviewers. In the limited dual review approach, an additional 4.4% to 5.3% of eligible studies were identified with the use of two reviewers.ConclusionsUsing a second reviewer throughout the entire study screening process can increase the number of relevant studies identified for use in a systematic review. Systematic review performers should consider using a complete dual review process to ensure all relevant studies are included in their review.
The increased use of diversity in cereal cropping requires more descriptive precision
Authors: Wolfe Martin S , Ceccarelli Salvatore 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUntil 100 years ago, cereals were grown only as populations with varying amounts of genetic diversity both within and among different crops. However, since the nineteenth century, methods for isolating and reproducing monocultural varieties have become universal, particularly among larger producers, leading to widespread within‐field genetic monotony. A range of approaches is now being used to increase genetic diversity within and among crops including bringing back into cultivation a range of populations using a variety of different names, such as old varieties, landraces, ancient grains, heritage varieties, heirloom varieties, and mixtures. The objective of this paper, which is the result of the First International Conference on Landraces (Bologna, July 2018), is to contribute to the more precise definition of the names that are used more frequently.RESULTSOne early approach to increasing diversity among such monocultures was the use of variety mixtures, initially using static mixtures, meaning mixtures that were re‐constituted from their original component varieties for each growing season. Some farmers, however, preferred to re‐grow static mixtures from the harvested, and therefore selected, seed, thus converting them to what can be termed dynamic mixtures. Consequent natural inter‐crossing within such dynamic mixtures means that, within a few seasons, following natural segregation, recombination and selection, they become populations. There is a wide body of literature on both static and dynamic mixtures, the discussion of which is beyond the scope of this paper. More recently, interest has been increasing in modern forms of evolutionary breeding of populations through direct hybridization of monocultural varieties followed by segregation and, commonly, natural selection, often in target production areas. As expected from evolutionary theory, such populations exhibit considerable resilience under variable environmental conditions, which is increasingly important in relation to the complexity of climate change.CONCLUSIONTo help identify different approaches, and communicate information, definitions can be based on the approximate known historical age of the plant material in question and its genetic structure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk of appendiceal cancer in patients undergoing appendectomy for appendicitis in the era of increasing nonoperative management
Authors: Lu Pamela , McCarty Justin C. , Fields Adam C. , Lee Katherine C. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Goldberg Joel E. , Irani Jennifer , Bleday Ronald , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesManagement practices for acute appendicitis are changing. In cases of nonoperative treatment, the risk of missed or delayed diagnosis of malignancy should be considered. We aimed to identify predictors associated with appendiceal cancer diagnosis after appendectomy for acute appendicitis.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) appendectomy‐targeted data set from 2016 to 2017. A total of 21 069 patients with imaging‐confirmed or imaging indeterminate appendicitis who underwent appendectomy were included. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of cancer diagnosis.ResultsIncreasing age had an increasing monotonic relationship with the odds of pathologic cancer diagnosis after appendectomy (age 50‐59 odds ratio [OR], 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28‐3.39, P = .003; age 60‐69 OR, 2.89, 95% CI, 1.72‐4.83, P < .001; age 70‐79 OR, 3.85, 95% CI, 2.08‐7.12, P < .001; age >80 OR, 5.32, 95% CI, 2.38‐11.9, P < .001). Other significant predictors included obesity, morbid obesity, normal preoperative white blood cell count, and imaging indeterminate for appendicitis.ConclusionsWhen counseling patients regarding operative vs nonoperative treatment options for management of acute appendicitis, the rising risk of a delayed or missed cancer diagnosis with increasing age must be discussed.
Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography to Assess Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on the Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gao Jing , Caldwell Judy , McLin Keeling , Zhang Man , Park David 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing iliocostalis lumborum muscle changes after osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT).MethodsUsing a linear array ultrasound transducer (4–9 MHz), we prospectively measured the shear wave velocity (SWV) of bilateral iliocostalis lumborum muscles in 20 patients with low back somatic dysfunction and in 9 age‐matched healthy volunteers. The SWV was measured in muscle relaxation and contraction in all participants and immediately before and after OMT in patients. We developed a muscle SWV rate [SWVcontraction – SWVrelaxation)/SWVrelaxation] and an SWV improvement index [(SWVpre‐OMT – SWVpost‐OMT)/SWVpre‐OMT] for quantifying muscle contractibility and changes in muscle stiffness after OMT. Statistical analyses included an unpaired t test to analyze the difference in the muscle SWV between muscle relaxation and contraction and between somatic dysfunction and nonsomatic dysfunction in patients and healthy volunteers, a paired t test to examine the difference in the SWV and SWV rate before and after OMT, the intraclass correlation coefficient to test intraobserver and interobserver reliability, and Spearman rank correlation to analyze the correlation of changes in the SWV with manual osteopathic assessments.ResultsThe mean ages of the patients with low back somatic dysfunction and the healthy volunteers were 28 and 26 years, respectively. The muscle SWV significantly differed between somatic dysfunction and nonsomatic dysfunction in patients and healthy volunteers, between muscle relaxation and contraction, and before and after OMT (P < .001). The SWV improvement index moderately correlated with manual osteopathic assessments (r = 0.68). The interobserver and intraobserver reliability for performing SWE was good (intraclass correlation coefficient, >0.8).ConclusionsOur results suggest that SWE is feasible for quantifying the change in muscle stiffness and contractibility after OMT.
Treadmill training increases the motor activity and neuron survival of the cerebellum in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Chuang Chieh‐Sen , Chang Jui‐Chih , Soong Bing‐Wen , Chuang Sheng‐Fei , Lin Ta‐Tsung , Cheng Wen‐Ling , Orr Harry T. , Liu Chin‐San 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 1 (SCA1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by worsening of disordered coordination, ataxia of the trunk, and other neurological symptoms. Physical activity improves both mobility and the daily living activities of patients with SCA. Intervention with daily regular treadmill exercise may slow the deterioration of cerebellar neurons in SCA1. Therefore, the signal changes and performance of cerebellar neurons after exercise in SCA1 was investigated in this study. We employed a transgenic mouse model of SCA1, generated by amplifying the cytosine‐adenine‐guanine trinucleotide repeat expansions, and the mice underwent 1 month of moderate daily treadmill exercise for 1 hour. The rotarod test revealed that the motor function of the SCA1 mice that underwent training was superior to that of the control SCA1 mice, which did not undergo training. Moreover, the cerebellar pathology revealed preserved Purkinje neurons stained by carbindin with an increase of the neuronal Per Arnt Sim domain protein 4, a key regulation in the structural and functional plasticity of neurons, in the excised SCA1 mice relative to the controls. The mechanism was related to an increase of phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, a downstream target of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, but not to autophagy activation. This study determined that regular treadmill exercise may play a crucial role in the viable support of cerebellar neurons in SCA1.
Incidence of inadequate perforators and salvage options for the anterior lateral thigh free flap
Authors: Thomas William W. , Calcagno Haley E. , Azzi James , Petrisor Daniel , Cave Taylor , Barber Brittany , Miles Brett , Gomez Ernest D. , Cannady Steven , Bhadkamkar Mohin , Hanasono Matthew M. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap is a soft tissue flap used in head and neck reconstruction. Occasionally, its perforators to the skin paddle are absent or too small to support the flap. Salvage options in this scenario have not been well described for head and neck reconstruction.MethodsMulticenter review of 1,079 cases of planned ALT flaps where 28 initial flaps (2.6%) were discarded for nonviable skin paddle or lack of cutaneous perforators. Iatrogenic perforator injury was calculated separately. The total flap loss rate was 3.2%.ResultsIn 12 cases, no perforators were noted after performing the anterior incision (early). Sixteen ALT flaps were discarded immediately before pedicle ligation (late).Reconstruction was salvaged by seven anteromedial thigh (AMT), six radial forearm, five contralateral ALT, four rectus abdominus myocutaneous, three vastus lateralis, three profunda artery perforator, two tensor fascia lata, one rectus femoris, two pectoralis major, one cervicofacial rotational, and one fibula flap. Of the 28 cases, 12 salvage cases did not involve an additional wound for the patient. Five of the seven AMT flaps were harvested after the ALT was identified as nonviable in the early time point. Two patients had no viable ALT flaps on bilateral lower extremities.ConclusionThe ALT flap is a reliable soft tissue flap, and rarely cutaneous perforators are not adequate to support the skin paddle. Multiple options exist to salvage the reconstruction without significant additional morbidity to the patient if said inadequacy is identified early.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:343–346, 2020
One‐Year Recipient Morbidity of Liver Transplantation Using Pure Laparoscopic Versus Open Living Donor Right Hepatectomy: Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Park Jungchan , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Lee Suk‐Koo , Kim Jong Man , Oh Jongwook , Chung Young Jae , Kim Kyeong Sik , Lee Ji Soo , Lee Kyo Won , Kim Gaab Soo , Gwak Mi Sook , Ko Justin Sangwook , Kwon Ji‐Hye , Kim Keoungah , Lee Seung Hwan , Joh Jae Won 
Published: July 2019

Donor safety and graft results of pure laparoscopic living donor right hepatectomy (LLDRH) have previously been compared with those of open living donor right hepatectomy (OLDRH). However, the clinical outcomes of recipients at 1‐year follow‐up have never been accurately compared. We aimed to compare 1‐year outcomes of recipients of living donor right liver transplantation (LRLT) using pure LLDRH and OLDRH. From May 2013 to May 2017, 197 consecutive recipients underwent LRLT. Donor hepatectomies were performed either by OLDRH (n = 127) or pure LLDRH (n = 70). After propensity score matching, 53 recipients were included in each group for analysis. The clinical outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up were compared between the 2 groups. The primary outcome was recipient death or graft failure during the 1‐year follow‐up period. In the propensity‐matched analysis, the incidence of death or graft failure during the 1‐year follow‐up period was not different between the 2 groups (3.8% versus 5.7%; odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24‐8.95; P = 0.69). However, the composite of Clavien‐Dindo 3b‐5 complications was more frequent in the pure LLDRH group (OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.15‐5.96; P = 0.02). In conclusion, although pure LLDRH affords a comparable incidence of fatal complications in recipients, operative complications may increase at the beginning of the program. The safety of the recipients should be confirmed to accept pure LLDRH as a feasible option.
The influence of temperature and pH on bacterial community composition of microbial mats in hot springs from Costa Rica
Authors: Uribe‐Lorío Lorena , Brenes-Guillén Laura , Hernández‐Ascencio Walter , Mora‐Amador Raúl , González Gino , Ramírez‐Umaña Carlos J. , Díez Beatriz , Pedrós‐Alió Carlos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe used the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing approach to investigate the microbial diversity and community composition in several Costa Rican hot springs alongside the latitudinal axis of the country, with a range of temperatures (37–63°C), pH (6–7.5) and other geochemical conditions. A principal component analyses of the physicochemical parameters showed the samples were separated into three geochemically distinct habitats associated with the location (North, Central, and South). Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi comprised 93% of the classified community, the former being the most abundant phylum in all samples except for Rocas Calientes 1, (63°C, pH 6), where Chloroflexi and Deinococcus‐Thermus represented 84% of the OTUs. Chloroflexi were more abundant as temperature increased. Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes and Deinococcus‐Thermus comprised 5% of the OTUs represented. Other Phyla were present in very small percentages (<1%). A LINKTREE analysis showed that the community structure of the mats was shaped primarily by pH, separating samples with pH > 6.6 from samples with pH < 6.4. Thus, both pH and temperature were relevant for community composition even within the moderate ranges of variables studied. These results provide a basis for an understanding of the physicochemical influences in moderately thermophilic microbial mats.
Shared and unique microbes between Small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) and their honey bee hosts
Authors: Huang Qiang , Lopez Dawn , Evans Jay D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe small hive beetle (SHB) is an opportunistic parasite that feeds on bee larvae, honey, and pollen. While SHBs can also feed on fruit and other plant products, like its plant‐feeding relatives, SHBs prefer to feed on hive resources and only reproduce inside bee colonies. As parasites, SHBs are inevitably exposed to bee‐associated microbes, either directly from the bees or from the hive environment. These microbes have unknown impacts on beetles, nor is it known how extensively beetles transfer microbes among their bee hosts. To identify sets of beetle microbes and the transmission of microbes from bees to beetles, a metagenomic analysis was performed. We identified sets of herbivore‐associated bacteria, as well as typical bee symbiotic bacteria for pollen digestion, in SHB larvae and adults. Deformed wing virus was highly abundant in beetles, which colonize SHBs as suggested by a controlled feeding trial. Our data suggest SHBs are vectors for pathogen transmission among bees and between colonies. The dispersal of host pathogens by social parasites via floral resources and the hive environment increases the threats of these parasites to honey bees.
The research of ion channel‐related gene polymorphisms with atrial fibrillation in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Liu Xiumin , Li Yujie , Zhang Huan , Ji Yuqiang , Zhao Zhao , Wang Changyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the common arrhythmia in clinics. Its incidence is high among the elderly. This study aimed to identify a possible connection between ion channel‐related gene polymorphisms and the risk of AF.MethodsA total of 381 patients with coronary heart disease were recruited. Based on complete cardiac examination, the patients were divided into two subgroups: 185 patients with AF and 196 patients without AF. An association analysis was performed using 13 genotyped SNPs. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression.ResultsIn our research, we found that KCNE2 rs8134775 was associated with a decreased AF risk in the allele model (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50–0.97; p = 0.034). Genetic model analysis shown that the minor allele T of GJA5 rs35594137 was associated with a decreased AF risk under the recessive model (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19–0.86; p = 0.018) and the minor allele G of KCNJ2 rs8079702 was associated with an increased AF risk in the recessive model (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.20–4.42; p = 0.012).ConclusionsOur results suggest that KCNE2, KCNJ2, and GJA5 influence the development of AF.
External electrical stimulation compared with intravaginal electrical stimulation for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women: A randomized controlled noninferiority trial
Authors: Dmochowski Roger , Lynch Catherine M. , Efros Mitchell , Cardozo Linda 
Published: July 2019

AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of a neuromuscular external electrical stimulation device (INNOVO; “NMES”) with an FDA‐approved intravaginal device (iTouch sure; “comparator device”) for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis prospective, single‐blind, multicenter, noninferiority study randomized women with SUI to treatment with the NMES or the comparator device for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion achieving >50% reduction in pad weight from baseline to 12 weeks in the provocative pad weight test.ResultsMost subjects in both groups achieved >50% reduction in pad weight in the provocative pad test at week 12 (NMES 56.3%; comparator 63.0%), although noninferiority was not established. Significant improvements in pad tests, number of incontinence episodes, and pads used per day, and incontinence quality of life score were seen with both devices at week 12, with no clinically relevant between‐group differences. Adverse events were predominantly mild/moderate and there were few discontinuations due to adverse events. The incidence of urinary tract/vaginal infections was higher with the comparator device than the NMES (7.7% versus 0%). The most common device‐related adverse effect with the NMES was device discomfort (9.0%), which was generally manageable by modifying the stimulation intensity.ConclusionsThe NMES significantly improved objective and subjective measures of SUI, although statistical noninferiority was not established. The NMES was well tolerated and associated with fewer urinary tract infections than the comparator. The NMES provides a safe, clinically effective, conservative treatment option for female SUI and a low‐risk alternative to intravaginal devices.
Distributionally robust optimization for engineering design under uncertainty
Authors: Kapteyn Michael G. , Willcox Karen E. , Philpott Andy B. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper addresses the challenge of design optimization under uncertainty when the designer only has limited data to characterize uncertain variables. We demonstrate that the error incurred when estimating a probability distribution from limited data affects the out‐of‐sample performance (ie, performance under the true distribution) of optimized designs. We demonstrate how this can be mitigated by reformulating the engineering design problem as a distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problem. We present computationally efficient algorithms for solving the resulting DRO problem. The performance of the DRO approach is explored in a practical setting by applying it to an acoustic horn design problem. The DRO approach is compared against traditional approaches to optimization under uncertainty, namely, sample‐average approximation and multiobjective optimization incorporating a risk reduction objective. In contrast with the multiobjective approach, the proposed DRO approach does not use an explicit risk reduction objective but rather specifies a so‐called ambiguity set of possible distributions and optimizes against the worst‐case distribution in this set. Our results show that the DRO designs, in some cases, significantly outperform those designs found using the sample‐average or the multiobjective approach.