bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro effect of autologous platelet‐rich plasma on H2O2‐induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa
Authors: Bader R. , Ibrahim J. N. , Moussa M. , Mourad A. , Azoury J. , Azoury J. , Alaaeddine N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmong new therapies emerging in the medical field, the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in human reproduction has not yet been explored.ObjectivesThis study aimed at investigating the effect of autologous PRP on sperm parameters in the presence and absence of H2O2.Materials and methodsSemen samples were collected from 30 healthy men in their fourth decade attending Azoury IVF clinic. Spermatozoa, cultured in the presence or absence of 10 μM H2O2, were left untreated or treated with increasing concentrations of PRP (2, 5, and 10%). After 24‐h incubation, ROS levels were assessed and sperm parameters were evaluated.ResultsOur results highlight the harmful effect of H2O2 on sperm parameters, showing an increase in the percentage of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐positive cells, vacuolization, and sperm DNA fragmentation, and a decrease in progressive and total motility in the H2O2‐treated group compared to non‐stressed spermatozoa. When samples were treated with PRP, an improvement of the studied parameters was noted mainly with 2% PRP, thus regarded as the best concentration to achieve a positive effect on sperm parameters. Indeed, non‐stressed and stressed spermatozoa treated with 2% PRP showed a significant increase in progressive and total motility, coupled with a decrease in ROS‐positive cells, DNA fragmentation, vacuolization, and dead cells compared to the untreated group. In contrast, no significant difference in cell morphology was found between the two groups. Moreover, 2% PRP treatment enhanced sperm parameters and prevented cell death in H2O2‐exposed spermatozoa as compared to freshly collected semen.DiscussionWe suggest that PRP because of its wide arrays of growth factors included in his alpha granules contributes to the inhibition of ROS through the antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic activity.ConclusionAutologous PRP improves the quality of the sperm, more so in the presence of an H2O2‐induced OS.
Autism needs to be considered in children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Wester Oxelgren Ulrika , Åberg Marie , Myrelid Åsa , Annerén Göran , Westerlund Joakim , Gustafsson Jan , Fernell Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse levels and profiles of autism symptoms in children with Down Syndrome (DS) with and without diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to specifically study the groups with severe Intellectual Disability (ID).MethodsFrom a population‐based cohort of 60 children with DS (age 5–17 years) with 41 participating children, scores obtained from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module‐1 algorithm were compared between those with and without diagnosed ASD. Children with DS and ASD were also compared to a cohort of children with idiopathic ASD, presented in the ADOS manual.ResultsChildren with DS and ASD had significantly higher ADOS scores in all domains compared to those without ASD. When the groups with DS, with and without ASD, were restricted to those with severe ID, the difference remained. When the children with DS and ASD and the idiopathic autism group were compared, the ADOS profiles were similar.ConclusionA considerable proportion of children with DS has ASD, but there is also a group of children with DS and severe ID without autism. There is a need to increase awareness of the high prevalence of autism in children with DS to ensure that appropriate measures and care are provided.
Compartmentalization of Animals: Toward an Understanding of How We Create Cognitive Distinctions between Animals and Their Implications
Authors: Amiot Catherine E. , Lépine Olivier , Zaky Julie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe nature of our relationships with nonhuman animals is complex and varies greatly across different types and species of animals. The goal of the current research is to investigate the differences that exist in our perceptions of animals based on their type, specifically by focusing on the phenomenon of compartmentalization. Two studies investigated the compartmentalization of farm animals relative to other types of animals (e.g., pets, wild animals). In Study 1, a greater tendency to compartmentalize farm animals correlated negatively with the attribution of a higher status to these animals, with more differentiated perceptions between the standing of farm animals and pets, and with a lower inclusion of animals in the self. In Study 2, different justifying beliefs taping into human superiority, the endorsement of carnism, and feeling threatened by vegetarianism mediated the negative relation between compartmentalization of farm animals and the negative emotional outcomes felt when eating meat. Together, these findings confirm the relevance of applying the notion of compartmentalization to the specific realm of human–animal relations.
Children's reasoning about continuous causal processes: The role of verbal and non‐verbal ability
Authors: Dündar‐Coecke Selma , Tolmie Andrew , Schlottmann Anne 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundCauses produce effects via underlying mechanisms that must be inferred from observable and unobservable structures. Preschoolers show sensitivity to mechanisms in machine‐like systems with perceptually distinct causes and effects, but little is known about how children extend causal reasoning to the natural continuous processes studied in elementary school science, or how other abilities impact on this.AimsWe investigated the development of children's ability to predict, observe, and explain three causal processes, relevant to physics, biology, and chemistry, taking into account their verbal and non‐verbal ability.SampleChildren aged 5–11 years (N = 107) from London and Oxford, with wide ethnic/linguistic variation, drawn from the middle/upper socioeconomic status (SES) range.MethodsChildren were tested individually on causal tasks focused on sinking, absorption, and dissolving, using a novel approach in which they observed contrasting instances of each, to promote attention to mechanism. Further tasks assessed verbal (expressive vocabulary) and non‐verbal (block design) ability.ResultsReports improved with age, though with differences between tasks. Even young participants gave good descriptions of what they observed. Causal explanations were more strongly related to observation than to prediction from prior knowledge, but developed more slowly. Non‐verbal but not generic verbal ability predicted performance.ConclusionsReasoning about continuous processes is within the capacity of children from school entry, even using verbal reports, though they find it easier to address more rapid processes. Mechanism inference is uncommon, with non‐verbal ability an important influence on progress. Our research is the first to highlight this key factor in children's progress towards thinking about scientific phenomena.
Use of trypan blue as an aqueous tracer dye to investigate hypotony where cyclodialysis cleft is suspected
Authors: Khoo Ying J. , Abdullah Aulia A. H. , Yu Dao‐Yi , Morgan William H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImportanceA new method to help diagnose suspected cyclodialysis clefts.BackgroundTo study the use of trypan blue stained aqueous flow patterns in diagnosing causes of hypotony where cyclodialysis clefts were suspected.DesignA case series in a tertiary care centre.ParticipantsTen subjects presenting with persistent hypotony and retinal changes.MethodsTrypan blue was injected into the anterior chamber.Main Outcome MeasuresThe pattern of dye flow in the anterior chamber was categorized. Intraocular pressure prior to surgery was recorded.ResultsAll seven subjects with cyclodialysis clefts had a preferential flow to the cleft region. Two hypotonous subjects post trabeculectomy had rapid (5 seconds) and extensive lymphatic staining (6 o'clock hours extent) without visible bleb formation.Conclusions and RelevancePreferential flow of dye to the limbus is a reliable sign of cyclodialysis cleft and helps localize cleft extent. A new cause of hypotony, “lymphatic overdrain,” is identified.
One‐year results of a nonsurgical treatment protocol for peri‐implantitis. A retrospective case series
Authors: Estefanía‐Fresco Ruth , García‐de‐la‐Fuente Ana M. , Egaña‐Fernández‐Valderrama Aitor , Bravo Manuel , Aguirre‐Zorzano Luis Antonio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of a nonsurgical treatment protocol for peri‐implantitis and to evaluate the influence that some factors could have on the results of this treatment.Material and methodsIn this retrospective case series, patients with at least one implant with peri‐implantitis, treated with a nonsurgical protocol and with a one‐year follow‐up, were included. Clinical parameters (probing depth, recession, bleeding, and/or suppuration on probing) were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months. Radiographic bone levels were assessed in periapical radiographs taken at baseline and 12 months. An analysis of the factors significantly associated with marginal bone level changes was performed. Descriptive and analytic statistics were carried out at the patient and at the implant level, as well as a multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsData from 37 patients with 70 implants were analyzed. There was a general and consistent improvement from baseline compared to all follow‐up points in the clinical variables. A significant radiographic bone gain of 0.91 mm was observed. The factors significantly associated were baseline plaque index, sex, and age at patient level, and type of prosthesis and implant location at implant level.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, this nonsurgical treatment protocol might be considered as a first treatment option for peri‐implantitis. More studies are needed, with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐ups, to confirm these outcomes and their long‐term stability.
‘The capital market is dead’: the difficult birth of index‐linked gilts in the UK
Authors: Oliver Michael J. , Rutterford Janette 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article describes how and why the Thatcher government introduced index‐linked gilts in 1981. It outlines the earlier deliberations by the monetary authorities during the 1950s and 1960s on how an indexed government security might help or hinder the fight against inflation. Although these discussions came to nothing, rising inflation and increasing difficulties with managing the gilt‐edged market during the 1970s revived interest in the indexation of government securities. Both the Page Commission in 1974 and the Wilson Report in 1980 recommended the introduction of inflation‐indexed securities, but the election of the Conservative government in 1979 gave real momentum to their possible issuance. Although Margaret Thatcher was initially opposed to indexation, Nigel Lawson galvanized the Treasury and the Bank of England to work on a scheme to issue index‐linked gilts as a means of improving economic performance. The article traces the contentious series of discussions surrounding the possible effects of index‐linked gilts on government debt interest costs, on monetary policy and monetary targets, and on the possible ‘crowding out’ of corporate bonds and equities which could not offer a guaranteed real return. Despite teething problems, the introduction of inflation‐linked bonds in the UK was deemed a success.
Genome‐wide association studies of alcohol dependence, DSM‐IV criterion count and individual criteria
Authors: Lai Dongbing , Wetherill Leah , Bertelsen Sarah , Carey Caitlin E. , Kamarajan Chella , Kapoor Manav , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Anokhin Andrey P. , Bennett David A. , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Chang Katharine K. , De Jager Philip L. , Dick Danielle M. , Hesselbrock Victor , Kramer John , Kuperman Samuel , Nurnberger John I. , Raj Towfique , Schuckit Marc , Scott Denise M. , Taylor Robert E. , Tischfield Jay , Hariri Ahmad R. , Edenberg Howard J. , Agrawal Arpana , Bogdan Ryan , Porjesz Bernice , Goate Alison M. , Foroud Tatiana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence (AD) have reliably identified variation within alcohol metabolizing genes (eg, ADH1B) but have inconsistently located other signals, which may be partially attributable to symptom heterogeneity underlying the disorder. We conducted GWAS of DSM‐IV AD (primary analysis), DSM‐IV AD criterion count (secondary analysis), and individual dependence criteria (tertiary analysis) among 7418 (1121 families) European American (EA) individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Trans‐ancestral meta‐analyses combined these results with data from 3175 (585 families) African‐American (AA) individuals from COGA. In the EA GWAS, three loci were genome‐wide significant: rs1229984 in ADH1B for AD criterion count (P = 4.16E−11) and Desire to cut drinking (P = 1.21E−11); rs188227250 (chromosome 8, Drinking more than intended, P = 6.72E−09); rs1912461 (chromosome 15, Time spent drinking, P = 1.77E−08). In the trans‐ancestral meta‐analysis, rs1229984 was associated with multiple phenotypes and two additional loci were genome‐wide significant: rs61826952 (chromosome 1, DSM‐IV AD, P = 8.42E−11); rs7597960 (chromosome 2, Time spent drinking, P = 1.22E−08). Associations with rs1229984 and rs18822750 were replicated in independent datasets. Polygenic risk scores derived from the EA GWAS of AD predicted AD in two EA datasets (P < .01; 0.61%‐1.82% of variance). Identified novel variants (ie, rs1912461, rs61826952) were associated with differential central evoked theta power (loss − gain; P = .0037) and reward‐related ventral striatum reactivity (P = .008), respectively. This study suggests that studying individual criteria may unveil new insights into the genetic etiology of AD liability.
Evaluating user experiences of a clearing house for health policy and systems
Authors: Mutatina Boniface , Basaza Robert , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Lavis John N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTimely access to evidence increases the prospects for evidence informed decision making. We evaluated user experiences of a Clearing House for Health Policy with the aim of increasing access to evidence about the Uganda health system and interventions.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with 15 potential users including policymakers, health policy advisors, health managers and researchers to provide evidence on their experience with the clearinghouse. On average participants took 20 minutes to first navigate the site and 45 minutes to perform search tasks and complete the interview.ResultsMost respondents successfully searched for information with accuracy and completeness in a short time. Participants commended the performance and expressed high regard for the credibility of the clearinghouse. The majority felt that using the resource was worth their effort. The clearinghouse provided appropriate functionalities for information searching. Navigating and finding information from the site was achievable. However, inadequate background information about the site and lack of current information were widely reported.ConclusionOur paper provides insights on the issues that can be addressed to improve online resources for health policy and system information in a limited resource setting. Users’ experience of such resources can be improved by regularly appraising and appropriately indexing the contents, and optimising the capacity to customise information.
Ugandan health libraries in the 21st century: key initiatives and challenges
Authors: Kinengyere Alison Annet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article is part of a series in this regular feature which looks at new directions in health science libraries. This paper highlights new initiatives aimed at ensuring health libraries can contribute to the development of Uganda in the 21st century and the challenges facing libraries. It stresses that for libraries to be successful they need to form networks and collaborations for resource sharing; take advantage of the benefits of information technology; computerise their library systems; as well as invest in the development of staff. The paper highlights the main challenge facing the library service as inadequate funding both from government for public‐funded health libraries and the private sector (for privately funded health libraries). The paper concludes that, despite the bottlenecks brought about by inadequate funding, Ugandan health libraries have taken positive steps to support health research and education, as well as patient care, not just for Uganda, but for the whole of the East African region.J.M.
Modern approaches for modelling dystonia and Huntington's disease in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhunina Olga A. , Yabbarov Nikita G. , Orekhov Alexander N. , Deykin Alexey V. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryDystonia associated with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases substantially affects patients’ quality of life and is a major health problem worldwide. The above‐mentioned diseases are characterized by neurodegeneration accompanied by motor and cognitive impairment and often have complex aetiology. A frequent feature of these conditions is the abnormal accumulation of protein aggregates within specific neuronal populations in the affected brain regions. Familial neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a number of genetic mutations. Identification of these mutations allowed creation of modern model systems for studying neurodegeneration, either in cultured cells or in model animals. Animal models, especially mouse models, have contributed considerably to improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. These models have allowed study of the pathogenic mechanisms and development of new disease‐modifying strategies and therapeutic approaches. However, due to the complex nature of these pathologies and the irreversible damage that they cause to the neural tissue, effective therapies against neurodegeneration remain to be elaborated. In this review, we provide an overview of cellular and animal models developed for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease and dystonia of different origins.
MdWRKY15 improves resistance of apple to Botryosphaeria dothidea via the salicylic acid‐mediated pathway by directly binding the MdICS1 promoter
Authors: Zhao Xian‐Yan , Qi Chen‐Hui , Jiang Han , Zhong Ming‐Shuang , You Chun‐Xiang , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIsochorismate synthase (ICS) plays an essential role in the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and plant disease resistance. Diseases caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea affect apple yields. Thus, it is important to understand the role of ICS1 in disease resistance to B. dothidea in apple. In this study, SA treatment enhanced the resistance to B. dothidea. MdICS1 was induced by B. dothidea and enhanced the resistance to B. dothidea. MdICS1 promoter analysis indicated that the W‐box was vital for the response to B. dothidea treatment. MdWRKY15 was found to interact with the W‐box using yeast one‐hybrid screening. Subsequently, the interaction was confirmed by EMSA, yeast one‐hybrid, ChIP‐PCR, and quantitative PCR assays. Moreover, luciferase and GUS analysis further indicated that MdICS1 was transcriptionally activated by MdWRKY15. Finally, we found the function of MdWRKY15 in the resistance to B. dothidea was partially dependent on MdICS1 from the phenotype of transgenic apples and calli. In summary, we revealed that MdWRKY15 activated the transcription of MdICS1 by directly binding to its promoter to increase the accumulation of SA and the expression of disease‐related genes, thereby resulting in the enhanced resistance to B. dothidea in the SA biosynthesis pathway.
Exploring nursing competence to care for older patients in municipal in‐patient acute care: A qualitative study
Authors: Vatnøy Torunn Kitty , Karlsen Tor‐Ivar , Dale Bjørg 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo identify critical aspects of nursing competence to care for older patients in the context of municipal in‐patient acute care.BackgroundAn increasingly complex and advanced primary healthcare system requires attention to the extent of nursing competence in municipal services. However, competence in complex and advanced care settings must be explored using perspectives which acknowledge the complexity of nurses' performance.DesignA phenomenological hermeneutic, qualitative approach with individual in‐depth interviews was used. COREQ reporting guidelines have been applied.MethodsA sample of eight nurses and two physicians employed in municipal in‐patient acute care units (MAUs) were purposively recruited to participate. Data were collected between May and June of 2017. Analysis and interpretation were conducted systematically in three steps: naïve reading, structural analysis and comprehensive understanding.FindingsTwo main themes were revealed. The first was the following: “The meaning of the individual nursing competence” including the themes “Having competence in clinical assessments, decision‐making, and performing interventions”; “Having competence to collaborate, coordinate and facilitate”; and “Being committed.” The second was the following: “The meaning of environmental and systemic factors for nursing competence,” included the themes “Having professional leadership”; “Having a sufficiently qualified staff”; and “Working in an open, cooperative and professional work environment.”ConclusionIndividual nursing competence in MAUs should include the capability to detect patient deterioration and to care for older patients in a holistic perspective. In addition, the professional environmental culture, supportive leadership and systemic factors seemed to be crucial to success.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study illustrates the nurses' responsibility for older patients' safety and quality of care in the MAUs. These findings can act as a foundation for the development and adaptation of educational programmes to accommodate requirements for nursing competence in MAUs. The broad perspective of nursing competence can give directions for quality improvements in MAUs.
To what extent is bruxism associated with musculoskeletal signs and symptoms? A systematic review
Authors: Baad‐Hansen Lene , Thymi Magdalini , Lobbezoo Frank , Svensson Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present systematic review was to answer the overall research question: “To what extent is bruxism associated with musculoskeletal signs and symptoms?”. The review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A PubMed search of articles published until 23 November 2017 was conducted. The search string included both MeSH terms and text words. Results were presented in categories according to study design, study population (eg, adults, children), bruxism sub‐type (awake, sleep), assessment methods for bruxism and musculoskeletal symptoms (self‐report, validated test) and type of outcome (pain, non‐painful musculoskeletal symptoms). It could be concluded that bruxism is to some extent associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, even though the evidence is conflicting and seems to be dependent on many factors, such as age, whether the bruxism occurs during sleep or wakefulness, and also the quality of the diagnostic methodology regarding bruxism and musculoskeletal signs and symptoms. The literature does not support a direct linear causal relationship between bruxism and such symptoms, but points more in the direction of a multifaceted relationship dependent on the presence of other risk factors. Pain is by far the most commonly assessed symptom, whereas non‐painful musculoskeletal symptoms have generally not been systematically evaluated. In the light of recent findings indicating that non‐painful symptoms may precede TMD pain, it is suggested to increase the scientific focus on non‐painful musculoskeletal symptoms in future studies. Also, future studies should use validated methods for case definition and outcome assessments.