bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity Versus Tectonics: The Case of 2016 Amatrice and Norcia (Central Italy) Earthquakes Surface Coseismic Fractures
Authors: Di Naccio D. , Kastelic V. , Carafa M. M. C. , Esposito C. , Milillo P. , Di Lorenzo C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 2016 central Apennines earthquake sequence was caused by slip on an extensional fault system and resulted in sizable coseismic surface deformation. The most evident effects occurred along the western slope of Mount Vettore, a geologically and morphologically complex mountain ridge. Steep topography and rheological contrasts are known to have strongly controlled the coseismic deformation pattern during a number of different earthquakes that occurred in mountainous areas worldwide. Nevertheless, so far the role of seismically induced slope failures has not been taken into account in the interpretation of the surface fractures caused by the 2016 earthquake sequence. We modeled the static and dynamic slope stability along the western flank of Mount Vettore and in the underlying Piano Grande plain. Combining the slope stability analysis with geomorphic and geological analyses, we show that the coseismic fractures are distributed along the most unstable areas of the western flank of Mount Vettore and can be partly explained by shaking‐induced mechanisms such as gravity‐driven displacement, compaction, and secondary ground failure. Conversely, in the Piano Grande plain the fracture pattern is not affected by topography or rheology contrasts, suggesting that it is positively caused by tectonic faulting. Different processes, such as gravitational and erosional‐depositional phenomena, may contribute to the exposure of fault scarps during both the coseismic and interseismic periods. Attributing the surface deformation entirely to tectonic faulting, especially in complex mountainous terrains such as the Apennines, may lead to an incorrect assessment of fault displacement and fault slip rate and hence of seismic hazard.
Scales of Similarity and Disparity Between Drainage Networks
Authors: Roberts Gareth G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAt large scales (
10 km,
1 Ma) drainage networks appear to have a synchronized response to uplift and erosional processes. At smaller scales erosion generates complex landforms. Here, cross wavelet spectral transformation of longitudinal river profiles is performed to develop a framework that unifies these scale‐dependent views of landscape evolution. Distance‐elevation and time‐elevation profiles are transformed using a continuous wavelet approach to determine where signal power resides and appropriate scaling regimes. Cross wavelet spectral power is then calculated to determine scales of similarity and disparity between river channels. Spectral power of rivers draining Angola are compared to lithology, biota, precipitation, and gravity data to examine origins of river shapes and commonalities. Most power and commonalities reside at long wavelengths and timescales (>100 km, >1 Ma). The presence of commonalities between drainage networks is expected for systems in which large signals (e.g., uplift) are forced through random media (e.g., lithology, biota).
Bay of Bengal‐East Asia‐Pacific Teleconnection in Boreal Summer
Authors: Yang Ruowen , Gui Shu , Cao Jie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new teleconnection pattern (the BEAP) across the Bay of Bengal‐East Asia‐Pacific region in boreal summer is revealed in this study using mainly ERA‐Interim reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. The BEAP index (BEAPI) is defined as the signed sum of standardized apparent moisture sinks at five centers along the pathway. Correlation analysis of the apparent heat sources and apparent moisture sinks has verified the existence of the BEAP teleconnection. Variations in BEAP can affect precipitation anomalies resulting from the anomalous moisture transport and the antiphase surface temperature variation. Wave flux analysis has verified the Rossby wave propagation route that originates around the central Bay of Bengal and extends across North China to the West Pacific. La Niña‐type sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) appearing simultaneously in the same season can excite a positive BEAP pattern by enhancing convection over the Bay of Bengal, while El Niño‐type SSTAs have the opposite effect. Significant correlation between the BEAPI and the SSTAs can last from early summer to early winter. Numerical experiments confirm the BEAP teleconnection pattern and the associated physical processes.
Environmental filtering determines family-level structure of sulfate-reducing microbial communities in subsurface marine sediments
Authors: Marshall Ian P G , Ren Ge , Jaussi Marion , Lomstein Bente Aa , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Røy Hans , Kjeldsen Kasper U 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Recent work has shown that subsurface microbial communities assemble by selective survival of surface community members during sediment burial, but it remains unclear to what extent the compositions of the subsurface communities are a product of their founding population at the sediment surface or of the changing geochemical conditions during burial. Here we investigate this question for communities of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs). We collected marine sediment samples from the upper 3–5 m at four geochemically contrasting sites in the Skagerrak and Baltic Sea and measured SRM abundance (quantitative PCR of dsrB), metabolic activity (radiotracer rate measurements), and community composition (Illumina sequencing of dsrB amplicons). These data showed that SRM abundance, richness, and phylogenetic clustering as determined by the nearest taxon index peaked below the bioturbation zone and above the depth of sulfate depletion. Minimum cell-specific rates of sulfate reduction did not vary substantially between sites. SRM communities at different sites were best distinguished based on their composition of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), while communities in different geochemical zones were best distinguished based on their composition of SRM families. This demonstrates environmental filtering of SRM communities in sediment while a site-specific fingerprint of the founding community is retained.
Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma progressing on frontline-therapy with lenalidomide
Authors: Moreau Philippe , Zamagni Elena , Mateos Maria-Victoria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the last years, there has been great progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma with many new agents and combinations having been approved and being now routinely incorporated into treatment strategies. As a result, patients are experiencing benefits in terms of survival and better tolerance. However, the multitude of treatment options also presents a challenge to select the best options tailored to the specific patient situation. Lenalidomide is increasingly being used as part of frontline therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. This agent is typically administered until disease progression. It is currently unclear, how to best manage patients, who relapse while receiving lenalidomide as part of their frontline treatment. We conducted a review to summarize the available evidence in this setting. Our summary shows that there are very few data from current trials testing new combinations based on carfilzomib, pomalidomide, or daratumumab that address this specific patient population. Our review is aimed to summarize the available evidence to assist treatment decision making and to raise awareness of this lack of data to encourage further analyses and the incorporation of sequencing questions in future trial designs.
Loss of the androgen receptor suppresses intrarenal calcium oxalate crystals deposition via altering macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization with change of the miR-185-5p/CSF-1 signals
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhao Zhijian , Chou Fuju , Zuo Li , Liu Tongzu , Yeh Shuyuan , Bushinsky David , Zeng Guohua , Chang Chawnshang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCrystals can trigger a wide range of kidney injuries that may link to the development of kidney stones. Infiltrating macrophages may influence hyperoxaluria-induced intrarenal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals deposition, yet their linkage to sex hormones remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that suppressing the androgen receptor (AR) expression in renal tubular epithelial cells increased the macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization that may result in enhancing the phagocytosis of intrarenal CaOx crystals. Mechanism dissection suggested that AR can suppress macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) expression via increasing miRNA-185-5p expression to suppress the M2 macrophage polarization-mediated intrarenal CaOx crystals phagocytosis. The preclinical study using glyoxylate-induced intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition mouse model revealed that renal tubule-specific AR knockout mice have less intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition with more recruited M2 macrophages in the kidney compared with the wild-type mice. Results from the in vivo rat model using hydroxy-l-proline-induced CaOx crystals deposition also demonstrated that targeting the AR with ASC-J9® suppressed the intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition via increasing the renal macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization. Together, results from multiple preclinical studies using multiple in vitro cell lines and in vivo mouse/rat models all demonstrated that targeting the AR with a small molecule ASC-J9® may function via altering macrophage recruitment/M2 polarization to decrease the intrarenal CaOx crystals deposition, a key phenotype seen in many kidney stone disease patients with hyperoxaluria.
Direct reprogramming of epidermal cells toward sweat gland-like cells by defined factors
Authors: Yao Bin , Xie Jiangfan , Liu Nanbo , Hu Tian , Song Wei , Huang Sha , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have reported inducing adult cells into sweat gland-like cells; however, slow transition and low efficiency limit the potential for cell-based treatment. Here, we show that overexpression of the transcription factor FoxC1 was sufficient to reprogram epidermal cells to induced functional sweat gland-like cells (iSGCs). The iSGCs expressing secreting-related genes, had a global gene expression profile between fetal SGCs (P5) and adult SGCs (P28). Moreover, iSGCs transplanted into the burn mice model facilitated wound repair and sweat gland regeneration. We further demonstrated that the Foxc1 upregulated BMP5 transcription and BMP5 is responsible for the cell-type transition. Collectively, this study shows that lineage reprogramming of epidermal cells into iSGCs provides an excellent cell source and a promising regenerative strategy for anhidrosis and hypohidrosis.
Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 confers oncogenic role in triple-negative breast cancer through modulating chemoresistance and cancer stemness
Authors: Shin Vivian Yvonne , Chen Jiawei , Cheuk Isabella Wai -Yin , Siu Man-Ting , Ho Chi-Wang , Wang Xian , Jin Hongchuan , Kwong Ava 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a malignant subtype of breast cancer with the absence of targeted therapy, resulting in poor prognosis in patients. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for TNBC; however, development of drug resistance is the main obstacle for successful treatments. In recent years, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been implicated in multiple biological functions in various diseases, particularly cancers. Accumulating evidence suggested that lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) expression is dysregulated in many human cancers and thus is a useful prognostic marker for cancer patients. Nevertheless, the mechanism of how NEAT1 confers drug resistance in TNBC is still largely unknown. We performed lncRNA profiling by the LncRNA Profiler qPCR Array Kit in normal control (NC) and breast cancers (BC) blood samples and further validated in a larger cohort of samples by qRT-PCR. Gene expression level and localization were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Flow cytometric analysis was carried out to detect cancer stem cells. Functional studies were performed both in vitro and in vivo xenograft model. Among 90 lncRNAs, NEAT1 was highly expressed in the blood samples of breast cancer patients than in NC. In particular, the expression of NEAT1 was higher in TNBC tissues than other subgroups. Functional studies revealed that NEAT1 conferred oncogenic role by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle progression in TNBC cells. We identified that knockdown of NEAT1 sensitized cells to chemotherapy, indicating the involvement in chemoresistance. Importantly, shNEAT1 reduced stem cell populations such as CD44+/CD24−, ALDH+, and SOX2+, implicating that NEAT1 was closely related to cancer stemness in TNBC. Our data highlighted the roles of NEAT1 chemoresistance and cancer stemness, suggesting that it could be used as a new clinical therapeutic target for treating TNBC patients especially those with drug resistance.
Cryo-EM structure of cardiac amyloid fibrils from an immunoglobulin light chain AL amyloidosis patient
Authors: Swuec Paolo , Lavatelli Francesca , Tasaki Masayoshi , Paissoni Cristina , Rognoni Paola , Maritan Martina , Brambilla Francesca , Milani Paolo , Mauri Pierluigi , Camilloni Carlo , Palladini Giovanni , Merlini Giampaolo , Ricagno Stefano , Bolognesi Martino 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a life-threatening disease caused by aggregation and deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LC) in target organs. Severity of heart involvement is the most important factor determining prognosis. Here, we report the 4.0 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy map and molecular model of amyloid fibrils extracted from the heart of an AL amyloidosis patient with severe amyloid cardiomyopathy. The helical fibrils are composed of a single protofilament, showing typical 4.9 Å stacking and cross-β architecture. Two distinct polypeptide stretches (total of 77 residues) from the LC variable domain (Vl) fit the fibril density. Despite Vl high sequence variability, residues stabilizing the fibril core are conserved through different cardiotoxic Vl, highlighting structural motifs that may be common to misfolding-prone LCs. Our data shed light on the architecture of LC amyloids, correlate amino acid sequences with fibril assembly, providing the grounds for development of innovative medicines.
Waveguide-PAINT offers an open platform for large field-of-view super-resolution imaging
Authors: Archetti Anna , Glushkov Evgenii , Sieben Christian , Stroganov Anton , Radenovic Aleksandra , Manley Suliana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSuper-resolution microscopies based on the localization of single molecules have been widely adopted due to their demonstrated performance and their accessibility resulting from open software and simple hardware. The PAINT method for localization microscopy offers improved resolution over photoswitching methods, since it is less prone to sparse sampling of structures and provides higher localization precision. Here, we show that waveguides enable increased throughput and data quality for PAINT, by generating a highly uniform ~100 × 2000 µm2 area evanescent field for TIRF illumination. To achieve this, we designed and fabricated waveguides optimized for efficient light coupling and propagation, incorporating a carefully engineered input facet and taper. We also developed a stable, low-cost microscope and 3D-printable waveguide chip holder for easy alignment and imaging. We demonstrate the capabilities of our open platform by using DNA-PAINT to image multiple whole cells or hundreds of origami structures in a single field of view.
Axial shielding of Pd(II) complexes enables perfect stereoretention in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of Csp3 boronic acids
Authors: Lehmann Jonathan W. , Crouch Ian T. , Blair Daniel J. , Trobe Melanie , Wang Pulin , Li Junqi , Burke Martin D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStereocontrolled Csp3cross-coupling can fundamentally change the types of chemical structures that can be mined for molecular functions. Although considerable progress in achieving the targeted chemical reactivity has been made, controlling stereochemistry in Csp3cross-coupling remains challenging. Here we report that ligand-based axial shielding of Pd(II) complexes enables Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unactivated Csp3boronic acids with perfect stereoretention. This approach leverages key differences in spatial orientation between competing pathways for stereoretentive and stereoinvertive transmetalation of Csp3boronic acids to Pd(II). We show that axial shielding enables perfectly stereoretentive cross-coupling with a range of unactivated secondary Csp3boronic acids, as well as the stereocontrolled synthesis of xylarinic acid B and all of its Csp3stereoisomers. We expect these ligand design principles will broadly enable the continued search for practical and effective methods for stereospecific Csp3cross-coupling.
An Early Cretaceous enantiornithine (Aves) preserving an unlaid egg and probable medullary bone
Authors: Bailleul Alida M. , O’Connor Jingmai , Zhang Shukang , Li Zhiheng , Wang Qiang , Lamanna Matthew C. , Zhu Xufeng , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding non-crown dinosaur reproduction is hindered by a paucity of directly associated adults with reproductive traces. Here we describe a new enantiornithine, Avimaia schweitzerae gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation with an unlaid egg two-dimensionally preserved within the abdominothoracic cavity. Ground-sections reveal abnormal eggshell proportions, and multiple eggshell layers best interpreted as a multi-layered egg resulting from prolonged oviductal retention. Fragments of the shell membrane and cuticle are both preserved. SEM reveals that the cuticle consists of nanostructures resembling those found in neornithine eggs adapted for infection-prone environments, which are hypothesized to represent the ancestral avian condition. The femur preserves small amounts of probable medullary bone, a tissue found today only in reproductively active female birds. To our knowledge, no other occurrence of Mesozoic medullary bone is associated with indications of reproductive activity, such as a preserved egg, making our identification unique, and strongly supported.
Optogenetic stimulation of Gs-signaling in the heart with high spatio-temporal precision
Authors: Makowka Philipp , Bruegmann Tobias , Dusend Vanessa , Malan Daniela , Beiert Thomas , Hesse Michael , Fleischmann Bernd K. , Sasse Philipp 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe standard technique for investigating adrenergic effects on heart function is perfusion with pharmaceutical agonists, which does not provide high temporal or spatial precision. Herein we demonstrate that the light sensitive Gs-protein coupled receptor JellyOp enables optogenetic stimulation of Gs-signaling in cardiomyocytes and the whole heart. Illumination of transgenic embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes or of the right atrium of mice expressing JellyOp elevates cAMP levels and instantaneously accelerates spontaneous beating rates similar to pharmacological β-adrenergic stimulation. Light application to the dorsal left atrium instead leads to supraventricular extrabeats, indicating adverse effects of localized Gs-signaling. In isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from JellyOp mice, we find increased Ca2+ currents, fractional cell shortening and relaxation rates after illumination enabling the analysis of differential Gs-signaling with high temporal precision. Thus, JellyOp expression allows localized and time-restricted Gs stimulation and will provide mechanistic insights into different effects of site-specific, long-lasting and pulsatile Gs activation.
Computational geometry analysis of dendritic spines by structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Kashiwagi Yutaro , Higashi Takahito , Obashi Kazuki , Sato Yuka , Komiyama Noboru H. , Grant Seth G. N. , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDendritic spines are the postsynaptic sites that receive most of the excitatory synaptic inputs, and thus provide the structural basis for synaptic function. Here, we describe an accurate method for measurement and analysis of spine morphology based on structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and computational geometry in cultured neurons. Surface mesh data converted from SIM images were comparable to data reconstructed from electron microscopic images. Dimensional reduction and machine learning applied to large data sets enabled identification of spine phenotypes caused by genetic mutations in key signal transduction molecules. This method, combined with time-lapse live imaging and glutamate uncaging, could detect plasticity-related changes in spine head curvature. The results suggested that the concave surfaces of spines are important for the long-term structural stabilization of spines by synaptic adhesion molecules.
Encapsulation of macrophages enhances their retention and angiogenic potential
Authors: Ludwinski Francesca E. , Patel Ashish S. , Damodaran Gopinath , Cho Jun , Furmston Joanna , Xu Qingbo , Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Smith Alberto , Modarai Bijan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCell therapies to treat critical limb ischaemia have demonstrated only modest results in clinical trials, and this has been partly attributed to poor cell retention following their delivery directly into the ischaemic limb. The aim of this study was to determine whether alginate encapsulation of therapeutic pro-angio/arteriogenic macrophages enhances their retention and ultimately improves limb perfusion. A reproducible GMP-compliant method for generating 300 µm alginate capsules was developed to encapsulate pro-angio/arteriogenic macrophages. Longitudinal analysis revealed no detrimental effect of encapsulation on cell number or viability in vitro, and macrophages retained their pro-angio/arteriogenic phenotype. Intramuscular delivery of encapsulated macrophages into the murine ischaemic hindlimb demonstrated increased cell retention compared with injection of naked cells (P = 0.0001), and that this was associated both enhanced angiogenesis (P = 0.02) and arteriogenesis (P = 0.03), and an overall improvement in limb perfusion (P = 0.0001). Alginate encapsulation of pro-angio/arteriogenic macrophages enhances cell retention and subsequent limb reperfusion in vivo. Encapsulation may therefore represent a means of improving the efficacy of cell-based therapies currently under investigation for the treatment of limb ischaemia.