bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On a free frost‐point problem in non‐isothermal film casting
Authors: Ceci Shaun , Hagen Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFilm casting is an engineering process for the manufacture of thin sheets or films of polymeric melts. In this work, we study existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions for a standard membrane model of non‐isothermal film casting of viscous fluids. In contrast to previous work, our model assumes that the fluid film is cooled down and, as soon as it reaches its solidification temperature, freezes somewhere along the fluid curtain instead of at a fixed downstream position. Hence this model exhibits a free frost point which has to be found as part of the solution.The questions of existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions are of fundamental importance for the quality of the model. They are studied for prescribed‐force and prescribed‐velocity boundary conditions. While the first type of boundary condition gives rise to a parameter range for the governing equations where – surprisingly – no solutions exist, the second type leads to a shooting problem and requires a separate uniqueness argument for solutions, akin to a comparison principle.
Japan’s Rejuvenation: Origins, Debates and Concepts
Authors: Teo Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a philosophical and historical context towards the understanding of how Japan has always strove to remain a nation-state par excellence in the tempestuous international relations of the region. Illustrating how the contradictory values of egalitarianism and quest for excellence are deeply engrained in Japanese thinking since late fifteenth century, the chapter outlines how these norms influence the strategy Japan has used in her historical international relations, particularly through her cultivation of the dominant hegemon of the day and her adaptive learning to fuel her consummate quest for exceptionalism. The chapter then maps out the central tenants of Japanese post war Conservatism that drives Japan’s normalization and rejuvenation today, and unpacks the principal mechanisms the neo-Conservatives had put in place to use this goals: (1) constitution; (2) Managing the US-Japan Alliance and (3) eroding the pervasive pacifism that is found in Japanese society. The chapter concludes by examining the ironical linkage on how Japanese democracy and historical revisionism may co-exist, and on how neo-Conservatism drives the paradoxes in Japanese politics and society today.
The Provision of International Public Goods: Japan’s Anti-Piracy Operations in the Gulf of Aden
Authors: Teo Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCompared with Japan’s cautious and incremental approach to other Middle East policy issues, the anti-piracy deployment is one of the most obvious and high profile deployments of the Japanese military to date. This chapter illustrates how the anti-piracy deployment has been positive as a whole for Japan’s rejuvenation as a global power, and demonstrates that it is entirely possible for China and Japan to collaborate and work together on security matters if there is no political intervention or competitive elements involved. Tokyo could consider working more with Beijing on other security projects beyond the Asia-Pacific (such as in the area of provision of international public goods) to foster more goodwill and confidence in their mutual bilateral relations. This would also help moderate the excesses of US unilateralism, paving the way for Japan to become the true and respected global political power that it so richly deserves to be.
Recalibrating Japan’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Teo Victor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe chapter provides a holistic analysis and assessment of Japan’s normalization and rejuvenation efforts by re-examining the three important pillars: constitutional revisionism, the renewed US-Japan alliance, and the erosion of pacifism and deployment of Japan’s military overseas. The chapter then assesses Japan’s rejuvenation from the vantage points of the US and China, as well as from the perspective of those within Japan who are opposed to the neo-conservatives in Japan. The chapter then concludes the book by offering some possible policy alternatives for scholars and policymakers working on Japanese foreign policy to consider in their work.
Ice-shelf vibrations modeled by a full 3-D elastic model
Authors: Konovalov Yuri V. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTForced ice-shelf vibration modeling is performed using a full 3-D finite-difference elastic model, which also takes into account sub-ice seawater flow. The sea water flow is described by the wave equation. Ice-shelf flexure therefore results from hydrostatic pressure perturbations in the sub-ice seawater layer. Numerical experiments were undertaken for idealized rectangular ice-shelf geometry. The ice-plate vibrations were modeled for harmonic incoming pressure perturbations and for a wide range of incoming wave frequencies. The spectra showed distinct resonant peaks, which demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate a resonant-like motion. The spectra obtained by the full 3-D model are compared with exact solutions for the elastic thin plate with two fixed edges and two free edges. The spectra are also compared with the spectra modeled by the thin-plate Holdsworth and Glynn model (1978).
Changes in vascular accesses and in incidence rates of dialysis-related bloodstream infections in Québec, Canada, 2011–2017
Authors: Fortin Élise , Ouakki Manale , Tremblay Claude , Villeneuve Jasmin , Desmeules Simon , Parisien Natasha , Moisan Danielle , Frenette Charles ,   for SPIN-BAC-HD
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective:Surveillance of dialysis-related bloodstream infections (DRBSIs) has been mandatory in Québec since April 2011. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of DRBSIs in Québec.Methods:Cohort study of prevalent patients undergoing chronic dialysis in the 36 facilities that participated without interruption in the provincial surveillance, between April 2011 and March 2017. Two indicators were analyzed: proportion of patient months dialyzed using a fistula (a patient month is a 28-day cycle during which an individual patient received dialysis) and incidence rate of DRBSI. Binomial and Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations were used to describe the evolution of indicators over time and to quantify the association between facilities’ proportion of fistulas and their incidence rate.Results:Globally, 42.6% of all patient months were dialyzed using a fistula, but there was a statistically significant decrease over time (46.2% in 2011–2012 to 39.3% in 2016–2017). Despite this decline in the use of fistulas, rates of DRBSIs have also decreased, going from 0.38 DRBSIs per 100 patient months in 2011–2012 to 0.23 DRBSIs per 100 patient months in 2016–2017. No association was found between facility use of fistulas and the rate of DRBSI. At the individual level, however, the DRBSI rate was 4.12 times higher for patients using a catheter.Conclusions:In Québec, the rate of DRBSIs has decreased over a 6-year period despite an increasing proportion of patients dialyzed by catheter.
Performance and utilization of nutrients in dairy cows fed with sunflower meal
Authors: Oliveira A. S. , Campos J. M. S. , Ogunade I. M. , Caixeta D. S. , Viana E. P. , Alessi K. C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNon-decorticated sunflower meal (SFM) is a potential protein source for dairy cows with high-fibre content but high ruminal degradability. The effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) and wheat middlings (WM) with SFM on the intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen utilization and milk production of dairy cows was evaluated. Twelve Holstein cows were blocked by days in milk and distributed in three 4 × 4 Latin squares. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and contained 550 g maize silage/kg dry matter (DM). Treatment diets were no SFM (CON) or 70, 140 and 210 g/kg DM of SFM replacing fixed mixture of SBM and WM (536 and 464 g/kg of the mixture, respectively). The inclusion of SFM in diet did not affect DM intake, but intake of rumen degradable protein increased linearly. Inclusion of SFM reduced or tended to reduce total-tract digestibility of non-fibre carbohydrate, total digestible nutrients and excretion of purine derivatives. Milk production, milk protein content and efficiency of nitrogen use for lactation were reduced with increasing levels of SFM in the diet. The use of non-decorticated SFM as a replacement for SBM–WM mixture in diet reduces performance and efficiency of nutrient use in lactating dairy cows. The outcome of the current study is attributed to reduced fibre digestibility in SFM hulls. Therefore, future studies should evaluate the use of decorticated SFM.
How should we understand the absence of sex differences in the genetic and environmental origins of antisocial behavior?
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Slawinski Brooke L. , Carsten E. Elisa , Harden K. Paige , Hyde Luke W. , Klump Kelly L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAvailable twin-family data on sex differences in antisocial behavior (ASB) simultaneously suggest that ASB is far more prevalent in males than in females, and that its etiology (i.e. the effects of genes, environments, hormones, culture) does not differ across sex. This duality presents a conundrum: How do we make sense of mean sex differences in ASB if not via differences in genes, environments, hormones, and/or cultures? The current selective review and critique explores possible contributions to these seemingly incompatible sets of findings. We asked whether the presence of sex differences in behavior could be smaller than is typically assumed, or confined to a specific set of behaviors. We also asked whether there might be undetected differences in etiology across sex in twin-family studies. We found little evidence that bias or measurement invariance across sex account for phenotypic sex differences in ASB, but we did identify some key limitations to current twin-family approaches. These included the questionable ability of qualitative sex difference analyses to detect gender norms and prenatal exposure to testosterone, and concerns regarding specific analytic components of quantitative sex difference analyses. We conclude that the male preponderance in ASB is likely to reflect a true sex difference in observed behavior. It was less clear, however, that the genetic and environmental contributions to ASB are indeed identical across sex, as argued by prior twin-family studies. It is our hope that this review will inspire the development of new, genetically-informed methods for studying sex differences in etiology.
Autonomous Vehicular Landings on the Deck of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Polvara Riccardo , Sharma Sanjay , Wan Jian , Manning Andrew , Sutton Robert 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAutonomous landing on the deck of a boat or an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) is the minimum requirement for increasing the autonomy of water monitoring missions. This paper introduces an end-to-end control technique based on deep reinforcement learning for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle on a visual marker located on the deck of a USV. The solution proposed consists of a hierarchy of Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) used as high-level navigation policies that address the two phases of the flight: the marker detection and the descending manoeuvre. Few technical improvements have been proposed to stabilize the learning process, such as the combination of vanilla and double DQNs, and a partitioned buffer replay. Simulated studies proved the robustness of the proposed algorithm against different perturbations acting on the marine vessel. The performances obtained are comparable with a state-of-the-art method based on template matching.
Amending Chinese Copyright Law to Fulfil Obligations under the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for the Print Disabled
Authors: Li Jingyi , Selvadurai Niloufer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChinese copyright laws have not yet given sufficient consideration to copyright exceptions or limitations to facilitate access to copyright works for persons with a print disability. Now that China has become a signatory party of the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, it would be significant if China could amend its copyright laws so as to end the “book famine” for a huge population with a print disability. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese copyright exceptions for the print disabled and propose amendment options for China's copyright law to ensure compliance with its signatory obligations. To this end, the paper provides an overarching examination of China's copyright exception arrangements for the print disabled, identifies the gap between Chinese copyright laws and the Marrakesh Treaty, and analyses previous proposals on copyright law reform.
New pathogenic variant ofBMPR2in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Kong Qingyu , Zhao Cuifen , Cai Zhifeng , Wang Minmin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the variant frequency of pulmonary arterial hypertension-related genes and provide theoretical basis for genetic screening of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension further.Methods:Ten genes associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension were sequenced in 7 cases of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and 34 cases of congenital heart disease (CHD) associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension by next-generation high-throughput sequencing. Function prediction and gene variant amino acid conservation were carried out by bioinformatics software. Family study was performed on the patients with the variant.Results:A new bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2(BMPR2) variant (c.344T>C, p. F115S) was discovered in a girl who was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Her second aunt and third aunt carried the same variant and were confirmed as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension as well. No variants or single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in other pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated genes.Conclusions:BMPR2variant is the most common variant of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Genetic screening ofBMPR2variant and family survey in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is suggested for the sake of definite cause and better treatment.
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery from the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Doshi Arpan R. , Opfer Erin K. , Forsha Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report a rare case of anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery from the posterior/non-coronary sinus of Valsalva in a 9-year-old male diagnosed during the workup of premature ventricular contractions. The finding was initially noted on transthoracic echocardiogram and further confirmed with computed tomography. The anomalous coronary artery shows a wide ostium with no intramural or interarterial course.
Pulmonary artery wall thickness in children with Fontan physiology: an optical coherence tomography case control study
Authors: McGovern Eimear , Voss Christine , Brunner Nathan W. , Duncombe Stephanie , Harris Kevin C. , Hosking Martin H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Failure of the Fontan circulation is not a well-understood clinical phenomena.For some patients, a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and structural changes in the pulmonary artery may be an important causative factor. To further investigate this issue, we employed optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate structural changes within the pulmonary arteries of Fontan patients and compared to those with a normal pulmonary circulation.Materials and Methods:Pulmonary artery OCT was performed, without complications, in 12 Fontan and 11 control patients. Wall thickness and wall:vessel cross-sectional area (CSA) ratio were calculated after image acquisition, using digital planimetry.Results:There was no difference in wall thickness between both groups. Median wall thickness for Fontan patients was 0.12 mm (IQR, 0.10–0.14) and for controls was 0.11 mm (IQR, 0.10–0.12; p = 0.62). Wall:vessel CSA ratio for Fontan patients was 0.13 (IQR, 0.12–0.16) and for controls was 0.13 (IQR, 0.11–0.15) (p = 0.73). There was no association between wall thickness and ventricle morphology, age at catheterisation, age at Fontan, years since Fontan completion, pulmonary artery pressure, and PVR. The vessel media was more readily visualised in control patients.Discussion:OCT of the pulmonary arteries in Fontan patients is safe and feasible. Our OCT findings suggest that during childhood, pulmonary artery wall dimensions are normal in Fontan children with reassuring hemodynamics. Further evaluation of Fontan patients with abnormal hemodynamics and serial evaluation into adulthood are required to conclude on the utility of OCT for identifying early pulmonary artery structural changes.
Circular polarization realization in array antennas by a modified sequential phase feeding mechanism of linearly polarized elements
Authors: Haghshenas A. , Ghobadi CH. , Nourinia J. , Majidzadeh M. , Mohammadi-Asl S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNovel designs of a circularly polarized 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 slot array antennas (CPSAAs) are proposed. Sequential phase feed network composed of a section of 270° and four strips is utilized to feed the array structures. Array elements are simple linearly polarized wide slot antennas (WSAs) composed of simple radiating patches with truncation on four corners and slotted ground plane on substrate backside. Each WSA operates over the UWB frequency band of 3.1–10.6 GHz. When the WSAs are arranged in the form of 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 CPSAAs, frequency bands of 3–13.1 and 1.4–12.3 GHz are covered, respectively. More importantly, CP is generated at 4.5–8 and 4.6–8.8 GHz for 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 CPSAAs, respectively. This is while; the WSAs are linearly polarized elements. Higher gain values and wider bandwidths are obtained with respect to single WSA. Design process and performance analysis of the single and array antennas are discussed through the paper.
Penetration of Bomb 14C Into the Deepest Ocean Trench
Authors: Wang Ning , Shen Chengde , Sun Weidong , Ding Ping , Zhu Sanyuan , Yi Weixi , Yu Zhiqiang , Sha Zhongli , Mi Mei , He Lisheng , Fang Jiasong , Liu Kexin , Xu Xiaomei , Druffel Ellen R.M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe food source of hadal endemic fauna provides an insight into the carbon cycle in trenches and a biological adaptation to the impoverished and harsh trench environment. Here, we present the first Δ14C results of hadal amphipods from three trenches in the Pacific to define the organic matter source in these remote ecosystems. Amphipod muscle tissues contain a bomb 14C signature (Δ14C from 10 ± 2‰ to 65 ± 2‰), thereby revealing a dietary preference for labile and fresh organic matter derived from the surface water. Thus, the carbon cycle in the deepest ocean trench has a tight linkage with the surface ocean via the food chain. The bomb 14C dating result suggests that hadal amphipods have a low tissue turnover rate and an unexpectedly long lifetime (>10 years), at more than 4 times higher than the common longevity (~2 years) of amphipods in shallow waters.
Alaska Daily Extreme Precipitation Processes in a Subset of CMIP5 Global Climate Models
Authors: Smalley Kevin M. , Glisan Justin M. , Gutowski William J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe analyze physical processes leading to daily wintertime (December, January, and February) extreme precipitation events in Alaska between 1986 and 2005. This is done by applying self‐organizing maps to environmental conditions corresponding to National Centers for Environmental Information precipitation, using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) global climate selected Global climate model (GCM; selected GCMs). We focus on widespread extreme events, defined as the top 0.1% of daily precipitation occurring on at least six grid boxes on the same day. The self‐organizing maps methodology allows identifying large‐scale circulations conducive to extreme events. This methodology identifies distinctive circulation patterns conducive to producing extreme events with a trough west of Alaska leading to south or southwest flow across the state. Extreme events occur along the windward (southern) side of the Alaska Range due to uplift by the mountains in the ERA‐Interim and in all models. In the National Centers for Environmental Information observations, precipitation rates are greater than in any of the selected GCMs. Simulated extreme precipitation decreases as model resolution decreases, and our study suggests that the smoothness of model topography is a reason for the scaling between model precipitation rate and model resolution.
An Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Womack C. C. , McDuffie E. E. , Edwards P. M. , Bares R. , de Gouw J. A. , Docherty K. S. , Dubé W. P. , Fibiger D. L. , Franchin A. , Gilman J. B. , Goldberger L. , Lee B. H. , Lin J. C. , Long R. , Middlebrook A. M. , Millet D. B. , Moravek A. , Murphy J. G. , Quinn P. K. , Riedel T. P. , Roberts J. M. , Thornton J. A. , Valin L. C. , Veres P. R. , Whitehill A. R. , Wild R. J. , Warneke C. , Yuan B. , Baasandorj M. , Brown S. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution is a severe air quality issue affecting both developed and rapidly urbanizing regions from Europe to East Asia. In the United States, it is acute in western basins subject to inversions that confine pollutants near the surface. Measurements and modeling of a wintertime pollution episode in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, demonstrate that ammonium nitrate is closely related to photochemical ozone through a common parameter, total odd oxygen, Ox,total. We show that the traditional nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compound (NOx‐VOC) framework for evaluating ozone mitigation strategies also applies to ammonium nitrate. Despite being nitrate‐limited, ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in Salt Lake Valley is responsive to VOCs control and, counterintuitively, not initially responsive to NOx control. We demonstrate simultaneous nitrate limitation and NOx saturation and suggest this phenomenon may be general. This finding may identify an unrecognized control strategy to address a global public health issue in regions with severe winter aerosol pollution.
Ferrovolcanism: Iron Volcanism on Metallic Asteroids
Authors: Abrahams Jacob N. H. , Nimmo Francis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetallic asteroids, the exposed cores of disrupted planetesimals, are expected to have been exposed while still molten. Some would have cooled from the outside in, crystallizing a surface crust which would then grow inward. Because the growing crust is expected to be more dense than the underlying melt, this melt will tend to migrate toward the surface whenever it is able. Compressional stresses produced in the crust while it cools will be relieved locally by thrust faulting, which will also provide potential conduits for melt to reach the surface. We predict iron volcanism to have occurred on metallic asteroids as they cooled and discuss the implications of this process for both the evolution and the modern appearance of these bodies.