bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical review of the follow-up protocol for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Kytö E , Haapio E , Minn H , Irjala H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveHead and neck cancer follow-up length, interval and content are controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the follow-up protocol after curative treatment in head and neck cancer patients.MethodClinical data of 456 patients with new malignancy of the head and neck from a tertiary care centre district from 1999 to 2008 were analysed. Time from treatment, symptoms and second-line treatment outcomes of patients with recurrent disease were evaluated.ResultsA total of 94 (22 per cent) patients relapsed during the 5-year follow-up period; 90 per cent of recurrences were found within 3 years. Fifty-six per cent of the patients had subjective symptoms indicating a recurrence of the tumour. All recurrent tumours found during routine follow-up visits without symptoms were found within 34 months after completion of treatment.ConclusionRoutine follow up after three years is questionable; recurrent disease beyond this point was detected in only 2 per cent of patients. In this study, all late tumour recurrences had symptoms of the disease. Easy access to extra follow-up visits when symptoms occur could cover the need for late follow up.
Incidence and clinical predictors of cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastases in lateral cervical cysts
Authors: Stefanicka P , Gnojcakova N , Kurinec F , Profant M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the incidence of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in patients with an isolated cervical cystic mass, and to describe the clinical features that might predict the origin of cystic tumours.MethodAdult patients with isolated lateral cervical cystic masses who were scheduled for surgery from 1st January 2010 to 31st August 2016 in two tertiary care referral centres in Slovakia were analysed retrospectively.ResultsThe incidence of cystic metastases in the whole cohort and in patients aged over 40 years were 9.9 per cent and 18.5 per cent, respectively. The incidence in patients aged over 40 years (18.5 per cent) was statistically significant (p= 0.003).ConclusionThe incidence of cystic squamous cell carcinoma metastases in lateral cervical cysts in patients aged over 40 years is high enough to call for excisional biopsy with frozen section, panendoscopy with direct biopsies, tonsillectomy and even neck dissection in cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma.
Patterns of educational achievement among groups of immigrant children in Denmark emerge already in preschool second-language and preliteracy skills
Authors: Højen Anders , Bleses Dorthe , Jensen Peter , Dale Philip S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImmigrant children in Denmark differ greatly in educational outcomes. This study examined whether systematic differences in majority language (L2) and preliteracy skills are apparent already at ages 2–6 in immigrant children in Denmark across regional immigration background. Danish language and preliteracy skills in 1,211 immigrant children in four regional groups (based on maternal origin) and 11,259 native Danish nonimmigrant children, all enrolled in Danish childcare centers, were assessed using an age- and gender-normed language assessment instrument. Hierarchical linear models showed that all four immigrant groups scored significantly lower than the native Danish group; the negative coefficients diminished but remained significant when socioeconomic background and having a native Danish father were controlled for. In addition, even with these controls, significant differences existed between some of the immigrant groups, suggesting that factors relating to regional immigrant background were important sources of differences in L2 development. A greater immigrant disadvantage for language than preliteracy skills was found; two immigrant groups did not differ significantly from the nonimmigrant Danish group for preliteracy skills. The results suggest that measures to reduce inequalities in long-term educational achievement between immigrant groups should be taken already before school with a particular focus on L2 language skills.
The Spanish Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment and Services of the National Health System (RedETS)
Authors: Serrano-Aguilar Pedro , Asua-Batarrita José , Molina-López María Teresa , Espallargues Mireia , Pons-Rafols Joan , García-Armesto Sandra , Arriola-Bolado Paloma , López-García Marisa , Faraldo-Vallés María José , Sánchez-Gómez Luis María , Juárez-Rojo Celia , Prieto-Yerro Isabel , Casado-Durández Paloma , Sarria-Santamera Antonio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEarlier activities on health technology assessment (HTA) started in Spain around 1984, with the creation of a National Advisory Board on HTA, and the development of national and regional HTA organizations in the early 1990s. In 2012, the Spanish Health Ministry established the Spanish Network for Health Technology Assessment of the National Health System (RedETS); funded at national level and including all public HTA organizations at national and regional levels. RedETSis focused on the assessment of nondrug health technologies to inform the revision (approval and funding or disinvestment) of the Benefit Portfolio of the Spanish NHS. In parallel with European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA), RedETS has been setting-up and sharing common procedures and methodological guidelines to ensure effective cooperation and mutual recognition of the scientific and technical production in HTA. The output of RedETS is fifty to sixty annual reports, including the production of full HTA reports, Clinical Practice Guidelines, methodological guidance reports, relative effectiveness assessments, tools to support shared decision making between patients and healthcare professionals, and monitoring studies. The HTA assessments requested by the Regional Health Authorities are the biggest component of the annual RedETS working plan. These assessment needs are identified according to a yearly process and prioritized by a Commission composed of representatives from all Spanish regions with the aid of the PRITEC tool. The objectives of this study are to report and update the normative and organizational state of HTA in Spain; describing noteworthy advances witnessed over the past 10 years, as well as discussing existing challenges.
Disentangling the role of heat sources on microhabitat selection of two Neotropical lizard species
Authors: Ortega Zaida , Mencía Abraham , Martins Kleber , Soares Priscilla , Ferreira Vanda Lúcia , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur aim was to disentangle the effects of different heat sources and the non-thermal properties of the substrate in the microhabitat choices of two lizard species living in savanna habitats of central-western Brazil: the teiidAmeivulaaff.ocellifera(N = 43) and the tropiduridTropidurus oreadicus(N = 23). To this end, a mixed structural resource selection function (mixed-SRSF) approach was used, modelling the probability of finding a lizard on a certain microhabitat based on environmental variables of used and simultaneously available places. First, we controlled for the effects of solar radiation, convection and the physical thermal properties of the substrate on substrate temperature. Then we assessed the effects of solar radiation, convection, conduction and the non-thermal properties of the substrate in the probability of use of a certain microhabitat. Results confirmed that substrate temperature was mediated by: air convection > solar radiation > physical thermal properties of the substrates. Moreover, the mixed-SRSF revealed that direct solar radiation and the non-thermal properties of the substrates were the only drivers of microhabitat selection for both species, with approximately the same strength. Our novel approach allowed splitting of the effect of different mechanisms in the microhabitat selection of lizards, which makes it a powerful tool for assessing the conformation of the interactions between different environmental variables mediating animal behaviour.
The Last Farm Bill?
Authors: Barnett Barry J. 
Published: April 2019

“Farm bill” is a colloquial term for omnibus legislation that authorizes various government programs related to agriculture, food, and rural areas. Some of these programs have their roots in New Deal legislation. Others were initially authorized after the New Deal and subsequently included in farm bills. Some debate exists about exactly which omnibus legislation was the precursor of modern-day farm bills. However, since at least 1973, farm bills have included titles related to farm programs, trade, rural development, farm credit, conservation, agricultural research, food and nutrition programs, and marketing. Beginning in 2008, crop insurance-authorizing language was also included in the farm bill.Farm bills generally have a life of approximately five years. In the case of farm support programs (typically authorized in Title 1), the farm billtemporarily amends permanent legislation. When the farm bill expires, theseprograms revert to permanent legislation (from the 1930s and 1940s) unless a new farm bill is adopted that again temporarily amends permanent legislation. The permanent legislation would put in place price supports, at extremely high levels, for many agricultural commodities, distorting markets and greatly increasing federal costs. The specter of reverting to permanent legislation has, through the years, been used by Congress to ensure that future Congresses will replace expiring farm bills with new legislation.
Belgium's historic beer diversity: should we raise a pint to institutions?
Authors: Poelmans Eline , Taylor Jason E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite its relatively small size, Belgium has historically been considered to have the most diverse array of beer varieties in the world. We explore whether Belgium's institutional history has contributed to its beer diversity. The Belgian area has experienced a heterogeneous and variable array of institutional regimes over the last millennia. In many cases institutional borders crossed through the Belgian area. We trace the historical development of many of Belgium's well-known beer varieties to specific institutional causes. We also show that the geographic production of important varieties, such as Old Brown, Red Brown, Trappist, Lambic, Saison, and Gruitbeer, continues to be influenced by Belgium's institutional past.
When children remember: A history of the Tutsi genocide through the eyes of children (1994–2006)
Authors: Dumas Hélène 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrawing on a corpus of accounts written by survivor children in 2006, this article looks at the Tutsi genocide through the eyes of children, enabling us to see the radical social and emotional transgressions of 1994 from a new angle. As members of society and prime targets of the genocide, these children tell how the world of their childhood was turned upside-down, through the unique intensity of their own words. An idealized “before”, inhabited by the beloved characters of their parents, brothers and sisters, is brutally swept away as everything they have known becomes inverted. Forced to watch killings and cruelty, they adopt survival strategies that show how thoroughly they understand the radical nature of what is unfolding. An extreme distrust of adults will forever mark these children – now orphans – who still live in “the time of the genocide”.
Item and domain network structures of the Resilience Scale for Adults in 675 university students
Authors: Briganti G. , Linkowski P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) is a questionnaire that measures protective factors of mental health. The aim of this paper is to perform a network analysis of the RSA in a dataset composed of 675 French-speaking Belgian university students, to identify potential targets for intervention to improve protective factors in individuals.

Methods
We estimated a network structure for the 33-item questionnaire and for the six domains of resilience: perception of self, planned future, social competence, structured style, family cohesion and social competence. Node predictability (shared variance with surrounding nodes in the network) was used to assess the connectivity of items. An exploratory graph analysis (EGA) was performed to detect communities in the network: the number of communities detected being different than the original number of factors proposed in the scale, we estimated a new network with the resulting structure and verified the validity of the new construct which was proposed. We provide the anonymised dataset and code in external online materials (10.17632/64db36w8kf.2) to ensure complete reproducibility of the results.

Results
The network composed of items from the RSA is overall positively connected with strongest connections arising among items from the same domain. The domain network reports several connections, both positive and negative. The EGA reported the existence of four communities that we propose as an additional network structure. Node predictability estimates show that connectedness varies among the items and domains of the RSA.

Conclusions
Network analysis is a useful tool to explore resilience and identify targets for clinical intervention. In this study, the four domains acting as components of the additional four-domain network structure may be potential targets to improve an individual's resilience. Further studies may endeavour to replicate our findings in different samples.
Health Regulatory Focus, Selection Optimization and Compensation Strategy and Sports Practice: A Mediational Analysis
Authors: Laroche Manon , Roussel Peggy , Mascret Nicolas , Cury François 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate associations of health promotion and prevention regulatory foci with sports practice, and examined the Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) process behind the positive relationship between health promotion focus and sports practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 513 French volunteer sports participants aged from 18 to 82. Participants completed an online self-report survey measuring health regulatory foci, SOC strategy, Amount of Sports Practice (ASP), health condition, and educational level. Path analysis main results (χ2 = 16.64; df = 5; p < .01; RMSEA = 0.067; CFI = 0.98; R2 = .24) demonstrated that ASP was positively related with health promotion focus (β = .13, p < .01), SOC strategy (β = .28, p < .001) and negatively related with health prevention focus (β = –.20, p < .001). SOC strategy was positively related with health promotion focus (β = .39, p < .001) and bootstrapping analyses revealed that this strategy partially mediated the positive relationship between health promotion focus and ASP, 95% CI [.13, .29]. Finally, additional analyses showed that it was specifically the elective selection, optimization and compensation sub-components of SOC strategy which played mediating roles in this link, [.13, .29] < 95% CI < [.13, .29]. For the first time in the literature, these results evidenced direct links between health regulatory foci and sports practice, and a mechanistic pathway between health promotion focus and sports practice. The theoretical and applied implications of these results for sports promotion are discussed.
A Twin Study of Cigarette and Snus Initiation and Quantity of Use in Norwegian Adult Twins
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Aggen Steven H. , Gillespie Nathan , Czajkowski Nikolai , Ystrom Eivind , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile snus has been the focus of increasing public health interest, twin studies have examined neither sources of individual variation for its use nor the sources of resemblance between snus and cigarette use. Twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Panel were assessed by self-report questionnaire for the initiation of regular use and maximal quantity used for snus and cigarettes. Twin modeling was performed using OpenMx on data from 2767 twins including 856 complete pairs. Fitting univariate twin models produced similar results for cigarette initiation and quantity with estimates of additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental effects of approximately 77%, 0% and 23%, respectively. Estimates of snus initiation and quantity were, respectively, approximately 53%, 26% and 21%. Joint analyses suggested that the genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental correlations between cigarette and snus initiation and quantity were +.82, 0 and +.42, respectively. However, these results could not be statistically distinguished from a model which postulated that resemblance between cigarette initiation and quantity resulted from genetic and unique environmental correlations of +.47 and +.43. Compared with cigarette initiation and quantity of use in Norwegian twins, the role of genes was less prominent and shared environment more prominent for initiation and quantity of use of snus. Joint analyses of both tobacco phenotypes suggested, but did not confirm definitively, that genetic risk factors for cigarette and snus use were similar but not identical, while shared environmental factors existed that were specific to snus use.
Vegetable soybean tolerance to flumioxazin-based treatments for waterhemp control is similar to grain-type soybean
Authors: Williams Martin M. , Moody James L. , Hausman Nicholas E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerbicides registered in vegetable soybean often fail to control waterhemp. The objective of this research was to quantify vegetable soybean tolerance to preemergence herbicides for early-season waterhemp control, including flumioxazin applied alone PRE or in mixture with chlorimuron, metribuzin, or pyroxasulfone at use rates in grain-type soybean. Crop tolerance to the herbicides was tested in field trials with 20 vegetable soybean cultivars and four grain-type cultivars through 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Flumioxazin-based treatments were equally safe, resulting in only minor, transitory crop response (&lt;5% injury 2 WAT) and no effect on crop emergence or early season growth. Flumioxazin mixtures provided greater than 99% control of waterhemp 4 WAT, as evidenced by reduced weed density from 29.7 plants m−2 in the nontreated control to no waterhemp. Flumioxazin applied alone or in tank mixture with chlorimuron, metribuzin, or pyroxasulfone were as safe in vegetable soybean as previously reported in grain-type soybean. Registration of these products in vegetable soybean would provide the industry with additional options for managing waterhemp.
Radiocarbon and Helium Isotope Constraints on Deep Ocean Ventilation and Mantle‐3He Sources
Authors: DeVries Tim , Holzer Mark 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiocarbon (Δ14C) and helium isotopes (δ3He) have long been used to constrain the ocean's ventilation rates and to trace regional deep ocean circulation pathways, but they have not been fully exploited together to constrain the deep circulation in global models. Here we assimilate Δ14C and δ3He measurements into a global ocean circulation inverse model (OCIM) to jointly constrain the deep ocean circulation and the rate of mantle‐helium injection at seafloor spreading ridges. We find that the new version of the inverse model (OCIM2) matches the observed Δ14C and δ3He distributions much better than a previous version (OCIM1) that assimilated objectively mapped Δ14C but not δ3He. OCIM2 features faster‐ventilated bottom waters and slower‐ventilated intermediate‐depth waters in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The mean time since last ventilation (ideal mean age) in Pacific bottom waters is up to 150 years younger, while middepth Pacific waters are up to several hundred years older. The δ3He constraints are shown to be important for estimates of the mean time to next ventilation in the Pacific Ocean. The δ3He constraints also favor jet‐like currents in the deep equatorial Pacific to capture realistic westward propagating helium plumes emanating from the East Pacific Rise. The globally integrated mantle‐helium source is 585–672 mol/year, compared to 400–1,000 mol/year from previous estimates. The major regional difference occurs in the Southern Ocean, where the OCIM2 mantle‐helium source is up to threefold smaller than estimates based on ridge spreading rates.
Lateral Heat Transport in the Lofoten Basin: Near‐Surface Pathways and Subsurface Exchange
Authors: Dugstad Johannes , Fer Ilker , LaCasce Joe , Sanchez de La Lama Martha , Trodahl Marta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Lofoten Basin in the Nordic Seas plays a central role in the Atlantic overturning circulation by acting as a reservoir for the warm and saline Atlantic Water flow toward the Arctic Ocean. The mass and heat exchange between Atlantic Water and the Lofoten Basin impacts the water mass transformations and the surface heat loss, but the processes governing this exchange are not well understood or quantified. Here we study the circulation in the Nordic Seas and the heat transport in the Lofoten Basin using a combination of Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. We analyze the trajectories of about 150 surface drifters, augmented with a set of about 47,000 surface trajectories calculated using the output from a regional numerical simulation, to investigate the drifter pathways and their exchange with the Lofoten Basin. The drifters reveal that water parcels with long residence time inside the basin contribute substantially to the heat loss and typically enter from south across the outer rim of the Vøring Plateau and, to some extent from east, from the eastern branch of the Norwegian Atlantic Current. The main contributors to the lateral heat transport to the Lofoten Basin are the near‐surface heat transport by the mean flow in the southern sector of the basin and the subsurface eddy fluxes from the Lofoten Escarpment in the east.
Effects of Deforestation on the Onset of the Rainy Season and the Duration of Dry Spells in Southern Amazonia
Authors: Leite‐Filho Argemiro Teixeira , de Sousa Pontes Verônica Yameê , Costa Marcos Heil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmazonian deforestation is causing notable changes in the hydrological cycle by altering important precipitation characteristics. This study uses daily rainfall time series data from 112 rain gauges and a recent yearly 1‐km land use data set covering the period from 1974 to 2012 to evaluate the effects of the extent of deforestation at different spatial scales on the onset of the rainy season and on the duration of dry spells in southern Amazonia. Correlation analyses indicate a delay in the onset of 0.12–0.17 days per percent increase in deforestation. Analysis of cumulative probability density functions emphasizes that the likelihood of rainy season onset occurring earlier than normal decreases as the local deforestation fraction increases. In addition, the probability of occurrence of dry spells in the early and late rainy season is higher in areas with greater deforestation. The delayed onset and longer dry spell events in highly deforested areas increase the climate risk to agriculture in the region.