bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the visual arts in the resilience of people living with dementia in care homes
Authors: Newman Andrew , Goulding Anna , Davenport Bruce , Windle Gill 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study responds to a gap in the literature relating to the resilience of people living with dementia in care homes. We applied an ecopsychosocial framework of resilience, theorising that sources of resilience may be personal, social and structural. Visual arts enrichment activities were examined to see how they might provide opportunities for resilience. The data used for this study were qualitative and originated from people with dementia aged between 70 and 99 years old (N = 48) living in four care homes in North East England, United Kingdom and staff/carers/family members (N = 37). The results showed that visual arts enrichment activities supported the resilience of those with dementia through creative expression, increased communication, improved self-esteem, and influenced relationships with carers and family members. It is concluded that even those with advanced dementia are capable of demonstrating resilience which can be supported by, and explored through, visual arts enrichment activities.
DISTINGUISHING THE USES, FUNCTIONS, AND PURPOSES OF CLASSIC MAYA “CHOCOLATE” CONTAINERS: NOT ALL CUPS ARE FOR DRINKING
Authors: Loughmiller-Cardinal Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTraditionally, cups have been the primary artifact through which beverage consumption has been inferred or defined, regardless of the numerous other artifacts that may be involved in beverage production, preparation, and service. Conversely, not all cup-shaped artifacts were intended to be used as drinking vessels, nor were all of them necessarily intended to contain a liquid. For the Maya Classic period (a.d.250–900) decorated cylinder vessels in particular, this paper shows that the residues of their former contents do not agree with epigraphers’ interpretations of what have been taken as self-referential statements about their contents and uses. This disparity between expectations and data indicates that we have misunderstood both the vessels and the text, and perhaps that we have failed to recognize one or more classes of vessels. The research presented here suggests that we need to rethink the generally accepted interpretation that all cylinders were drinking vessels and that those that are currently referred to as “chocolate” vessels were never used for the consumption of liquid cacao beverage. These results provide a new context for interpreting the use, function, and purpose of these vessels. Methods drawn from both the natural and social sciences are used to relate archaeological materials, residues of their ancient contents, their hieroglyphic texts, ceramic imagery(/iconography), and past behavior. This diversity of methods accentuates that combining data from all these sources constrains the interpretations of each, and shows that our initial expectations about vessels with hieroglyphic tags have been overly specific. Determining the functions and uses of these vessels is not as simple as we have been supposing, but distinctions that prove to be relevant give us access to more complex systems of cultural practice.
Gratitude, resignation and the desire for dignity: lived experience of food charity recipients and their recommendations for improvement, Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Booth Sue , Begley Andrea , Mackintosh Bruce , Kerr Deborah Anne , Jancey Jonine , Caraher Martin , Whelan Jill , Pollard Christina Mary 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study explored recipients’ perceptions of food charity and their suggested improvements in inner-city Perth, Western Australia.DesignIn-depth interviews were conducted with charitable food service (CFS) recipients. Transcripts were thematically analysed using a phenomenological approach.SettingInterviews were conducted at two CFS in inner-city Perth.SubjectsFourteen adults.ResultsThe recipients’ journeys to a reliance on CFS were varied and multifactorial, with poverty, medical issues and homelessness common. The length of time recipients had relied on food charity ranged from 8 months to over 40 years. Most were ‘grateful yet resigned’, appreciative of any food and resigned to the poor quality, monotony and their unmet individual preferences. They wanted healthier food, more variety and better quality. Accessing services was described as a ‘full-time job’ fraught with unreliable information and transport difficulties. They called for improved information and assistance with transport. ‘Eroded dignity’ resulted from being fed without any choice and queuing for food in public places, often in a volatile environment. ‘Food memories and inclusion’ reflected a desire for commensality. Recipients suggested services offer choice and promote independence, focusing on their needs both physical and social.ConclusionsAlthough grateful, long-term CFS recipients described what constitutes a voluntary failure. Their service improvement recommendations can help meet their nutritional and social needs. A successful CFS provides a food service that prioritises nutritious, good-quality food and individual need, while promoting dignity and social inclusion, challenging in the current Australian context.
Does CBT for Psychosis Have an Impact on Delusions by Improving Reasoning Biases and Negative Self-Schemas?
Authors: Mehl Stephanie , Schlier Björn , Lincoln Tania M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) builds on theoretical models that postulate reasoning biases and negative self-schemas to be involved in the formation and maintenance of delusions. However, it is unclear whether CBTp induces change in delusions by improving these proposed causal mechanisms. This study reports on a mediation analysis of a CBTp effectiveness trial in which delusions were a secondary outcome. Patients with psychosis were randomized to individualized CBTp (n = 36) or a waiting list condition (WL; n = 34). Reasoning biases (jumping to conclusions, theory of mind, attribution biases) and self-schemas (implicit and explicit self-esteem; self-schemas related to different domains) were assessed pre- and post-therapy/WL. The results reveal an intervention effect on two of four measures of delusions and on implicit self-esteem. Nevertheless, the intervention effect on delusions was not mediated by implicit self-esteem. Changes in explicit self-schemas and reasoning biases did also not mediate the intervention effects on delusions. More focused interventions may be required to produce change in reasoning and self-schemas that have the potential to carry over to delusions.
Effects of Nutrient Limitations and Watershed Inputs on Community Respiration in a Deep, Tropical Lake: Comparison of Pelagic and Littoral Habitats
Authors: Weisman Alecia , Chandra Sudeep , Rejmánková Eliška , Carlson Emily 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCommunity respiration and nutrient limitation are frequently studied in pelagic habitats; however, comparisons of these processes between littoral and pelagic habitats are less common and do not exist from mountain lake ecosystems in the tropics. Community respiration was measured in the littoral benthic and pelagic habitats of a deep, endorheic mountain lake in Guatemala. Community respiration rates were quantified using biochemical oxygen demand within a temperature controlled, dark, laboratory incubation. Community respiration was measured in the pelagic habitat in response to inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen and phosphorus, glucose, five different soils, and sewage additions and in the littoral habitat in response to inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen and phosphorus, and sewage additions. During all periods, community respiration was higher and more variable in the littoral habitat than in the pelagic habitat. The additions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and nitrogen and phosphorus had no effect on community respiration, in either habitat. Glucose and four of the five soil additions from various watershed vegetation types significantly stimulated community respiration in the pelagic habitat. Sewage additions elicited the highest response in both pelagic and littoral habitats. We demonstrate that community respiration in a tropical montane lake is not limited by inorganic nitrogen or phosphorus and is not colimited by both nutrients combined. Treatments containing organic carbon and organic nutrients were significant stimulators of community respiration; therefore, organic carbon is likely limiting community respiration in Lake Atitlán.
A Century of Legacy Phosphorus Dynamics in a Large Drainage Basin
Authors: McCrackin Michelle L. , Muller‐Karulis Bärbel , Gustafsson Bo G. , Howarth Robert W. , Humborg Christoph , Svanbäck Annika , Swaney Dennis P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is growing evidence that the release of phosphorus (P) from “legacy” stores can frustrate efforts to reduce P loading to surface water from sources such as agriculture and human sewage. Less is known, however, about the magnitude and residence times of these legacy pools. Here we constructed a budget of net anthropogenic P inputs to the Baltic Sea drainage basin and developed a three‐parameter, two‐box model to describe the movement of anthropogenic P though temporary (mobile) and long‐term (stable) storage pools. Phosphorus entered the sea as direct coastal effluent discharge and via rapid transport and slow, legacy pathways. The model reproduced past waterborne P loads and suggested an ~30‐year residence time in the mobile pool. Between 1900 and 2013, 17 and 27 Mt P has accumulated in the mobile and stable pools, respectively. Phosphorus inputs to the sea have halved since the 1980s due to improvements in coastal sewage treatment and reductions associated with the rapid transport pathway. After decades of accumulation, the system appears to have shifted to a depletion phase; absent further reductions in net anthropogenic P input, future waterborne loads could decrease. Presently, losses from the mobile pool contribute nearly half of P loads, suggesting that it will be difficult to achieve substantial near‐term reductions. However, there is still potential to make progress toward eutrophication management goals by addressing rapid transport pathways, such as overland flow, as well as mobile stores, such as cropland with large soil‐P reserves.
A Metric for Rainfall Asymmetry in Recurving Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Deng Difei , Ritchie Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing a data set of 138 recurving tropical cyclones (TCs) from 2004 to 2015 in the western North Pacific, a new metric, Brain, is proposed, which quantifies the asymmetry in the rainfall within the TC circulation relative to its track. When Brain is positive (negative), the rainfall has a right of track (left of track) preference. Using the new metric, the rainfall asymmetry is found to be closely related to thermal structure asymmetry (B) in TCs. A well‐defined anticorrelated relationship is found between Brain and B for all recurving TCs. Prior to recurvature, Brain decreases linearly as B increases. After recurvature, the linear relationship weakens, and TC rainfall is almost entirely concentrated left of track as B increases. A phase‐space composed of Brain and B provides substantial insight into cyclone structural and rainfall asymmetric evolution.
Proton irradiation orchestrates macrophage reprogramming through NFκB signaling
Authors: Genard Géraldine , Wera Anne-Catherine , Huart Camille , Le Calve Benjamin , Penninckx Sébastien , Fattaccioli Antoine , Tabarrant Tijani , Demazy Catherine , Ninane Noëlle , Heuskin Anne-Catherine , Lucas Stéphane , Michiels Carine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent potential targets for anticancer treatments as these cells play critical roles in tumor progression and frequently antagonize the response to treatments. TAMs are usually associated to an M2-like phenotype, characterized by anti-inflammatory and protumoral properties. This phenotype contrasts with the M1-like macrophages, which exhibits proinflammatory, phagocytic, and antitumoral functions. As macrophages hold a high plasticity, strategies to orchestrate the reprogramming of M2-like TAMs towards a M1 antitumor phenotype offer potential therapeutic benefits. One of the most used anticancer treatments is the conventional X-ray radiotherapy (RT), but this therapy failed to reprogram TAMs towards an M1 phenotype. While protontherapy is more and more used in clinic to circumvent the side effects of conventional RT, the effects of proton irradiation on macrophages have not been investigated yet. Here we showed that M1 macrophages (THP-1 cell line) were more resistant to proton irradiation than unpolarized (M0) and M2 macrophages, which correlated with differential DNA damage detection. Moreover, proton irradiation-induced macrophage reprogramming from M2 to a mixed M1/M2 phenotype. This reprogramming required the nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 subunit as the inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation completely reverted the macrophage re-education. Altogether, the results suggest that proton irradiation promotes NFκB-mediated macrophage polarization towards M1 and opens new perspectives for macrophage targeting with charged particle therapy.
Nogo-A inactivation improves visual plasticity and recovery after retinal injury
Authors: Mdzomba Julius Baya , Jordi Noémie , Rodriguez Léa , Joly Sandrine , Bretzner Frédéric , Pernet Vincent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMyelin-associated proteins such as Nogo-A are major inhibitors of neuronal plasticity that contribute to permanent neurological impairments in the injured CNS. In the present study, we investigated the influence of Nogo-A on visual recovery after retinal injuries in mice. Different doses of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) were injected in the vitreous of the left eye to induce retinal neuron death. The visual function was monitored using the optokinetic response (OKR) as a behavior test, and electroretinogram (ERG) and local field potential (LFP) recordings allowed to assess changes in retinal and cortical neuron activity, respectively. Longitudinal OKR follow-ups revealed reversible visual deficits after injection of NMDA ≤ 1 nmole in the left eye and concomitant functional improvement in the contralateral visual pathway of the right eye that was let intact. Irreversible OKR loss observed with NMDA ≥ 2 nmol was correlated with massive retinal cell death and important ERG response decline. Strikingly, the OKR mediated by injured and intact eye stimulation was markedly improved in Nogo-A KO mice compared with WT animals, suggesting that the inactivation of Nogo-A promotes visual recovery and plasticity. Moreover, OKR improvement was associated with shorter latency of the N2 wave of Nogo-A KO LFPs relative to WT animals. Strikingly, intravitreal injection of anti-Nogo-A antibody (11C7) in the injured eye exerted positive effects on cortical LFPs. This study presents the intrinsic ability of the visual system to recover from NMDA-induced retinal injury and its limitations. Nogo-A neutralization may promote visual recovery in retinal diseases such as glaucoma.
Autophagy activation contributes to lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells during kidney fibrosis
Authors: Yan Qi , Song Yuan , Zhang Lu , Chen Zhaowei , Yang Cheng , Liu Shan , Yuan Xiaohan , Gao Hongyu , Ding Guohua , Wang Huiming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSustained activation of autophagy and lipid accumulation in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are both associated with the kidney fibrosis progression. Autophagy has been found involved in the lipid metabolism regulation through a bi-directional mechanism of inducing lipolysis as well as promoting lipid droplet formation. However, whether and how autophagy influences lipid accumulation in kidney fibrosis remain unclear. In the current study, we show that UUO-induced lipid accumulation in tubular cells was significantly reduced when the pharmacological inhibitor 3-MA or CQ was administrated both in vivo and in vitro. Of interest, colocalization of LDs and autophagosomes, as well as colocalization of LDs and lysosomes were undetected in UUO-induced fibrotic kidneys, although lysosome function remained robust, indicating the lipid accumulation is lipophagy-lysosome pathway independent. TGF-β1-induced lipid droplets formation in HK-2 cells were decreased when the Beclin-1 expression was silenced, implying that autophagy-upregulated lipid droplets formation is Beclin-1 dependent. Finally, CQ treatment of UUO-induced fibrotic kidneys reduced the expression of α-SMA and tubular cell apoptosis and rescued the expression of E-cadherin, which was associated with the ameliorated lipid deposition. Therefore, our work documented that autophagy promotes lipid droplet formation in TECs in a Beclin-1-dependent manner, which causes renal lipotoxicity and contributes to the progression of kidney fibrosis.
Genetic editing and interrogation with Cpf1 and caged truncated pre-tRNA-like crRNA in mammalian cells
Authors: Zhang Xuhua , Xu Linping , Fan Ruihua , Gao Quanli , Song Yunfeng , Lyu Xiaodong , Ren Jiangtao , Song Yongping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCpf1, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that belongs to a new class II CRISPR system, has recently been harnessed for genome editing. Herein, we report an RNase-resistant caged truncated pre-tRNA-like crRNA (catRNA) that confers precise and efficient gene editing with the Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cpf1 (LbCpf1) and enables the reprogramming of catalytically dead LbCpf1 (dCpf1) lacking DNA endonuclease activity into a transcriptional modulator. Specific gene knock-outs and knock-ins were increased 3.2-fold and 4.3-fold, respectively, with catRNA compared to that induced by conventional crRNA. A much higher augmentation of gene disruption (up to 37-fold) was observed when electroporation was used. We report herein that catRNA enables efficient gene activation with dCpf1 activators. Our study reveals the potential of catRNA and a versatile application of the CRISPR/Cpf1 system, establishing a simple approach for selective gene perturbation in mammalian cells.
Uhrf1 regulates active transcriptional marks at bivalent domains in pluripotent stem cells through Setd1a
Authors: Kim Kun-Yong , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Su Juan , Cakir Bilal , Xiang Yangfei , Patterson Benjamin , Ding Junjun , Jung Yong-Wook , Kim Ji-Hyun , Hysolli Eriona , Lee Haelim , Dajani Rana , Kim Jonghwan , Zhong Mei , Lee Jeong-Heon , Skalnik David , Lim Jeong Mook , Sullivan Gareth J. , Wang Jianlong , Park In-Hyun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain pluripotency through unique epigenetic states. When ESCs commit to a specific lineage, epigenetic changes in histones and DNA accompany the transition to specialized cell types. Investigating how epigenetic regulation controls lineage specification is critical in order to generate the required cell types for clinical applications. Uhrf1 is a widely known hemi-methylated DNA-binding protein, playing a role in DNA methylation through the recruitment of Dnmt1 and in heterochromatin formation alongside G9a, Trim28, and HDACs. Although Uhrf1 is not essential in ESC self-renewal, it remains elusive how Uhrf1 regulates cell specification. Here we report that Uhrf1 forms a complex with the active trithorax group, the Setd1a/COMPASS complex, to maintain bivalent histone marks, particularly those associated with neuroectoderm and mesoderm specification. Overall, our data demonstrate that Uhrf1 safeguards proper differentiation via bivalent histone modifications.
Novofumigatonin biosynthesis involves a non-heme iron-dependent endoperoxide isomerase for orthoester formation
Authors: Matsuda Yudai , Bai Tongxuan , Phippen Christopher B. W. , Nødvig Christina S. , Kjærbølling Inge , Vesth Tammi C. , Andersen Mikael R. , Mortensen Uffe H. , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Abe Ikuro , Larsen Thomas O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNovofumigatonin (1), isolated from the fungus Aspergillus novofumigatus, is a heavily oxygenated meroterpenoid containing a unique orthoester moiety. Despite the wide distribution of orthoesters in nature and their biological importance, little is known about the biogenesis of orthoesters. Here we show the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway of 1 and the identification of key enzymes for the orthoester formation by a series of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene-deletion experiments and in vivo and in vitro reconstitutions of the biosynthesis. The novofumigatonin pathway involves endoperoxy compounds as key precursors for the orthoester synthesis, in which the Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzyme NvfI performs the endoperoxidation. NvfE, the enzyme catalyzing the orthoester synthesis, is an Fe(II)-dependent, but cosubstrate-free, endoperoxide isomerase, despite the fact that NvfE shares sequence homology with the known Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. NvfE thus belongs to a class of enzymes that gained an isomerase activity by losing the α-ketoglutarate-binding ability.
A senataxin-associated exonuclease SAN1 is required for resistance to DNA interstrand cross-links
Authors: Andrews Alex M. , McCartney Heather J. , Errington Tim M. , D’Andrea Alan D. , Macara Ian G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInterstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs) block both replication and transcription, and are commonly repaired by the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. However, FA-independent repair mechanisms of ICLs remain poorly understood. Here we report a previously uncharacterized protein, SAN1, as a 5′ exonuclease that acts independently of the FA pathway in response to ICLs. Deletion of SAN1 in HeLa cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts causes sensitivity to ICLs, which is prevented by re-expression of wild type but not nuclease-dead SAN1. SAN1 deletion causes DNA damage and radial chromosome formation following treatment with Mitomycin C, phenocopying defects in the FA pathway. However, SAN1 deletion is not epistatic with FANCD2, a core FA pathway component. Unexpectedly, SAN1 binds to Senataxin (SETX), an RNA/DNA helicase that resolves R-loops. SAN1-SETX binding is increased by ICLs, and is required to prevent cross-link sensitivity. We propose that SAN1 functions with SETX in a pathway necessary for resistance to ICLs.
Age-Related Changes in Global Motion Coherence: Conflicting Haemodynamic and Perceptual Responses
Authors: Ward Laura McKernan , Morison Gordon , Simmers Anita Jane , Shahani Uma 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOur aim was to use both behavioural and neuroimaging data to identify indicators of perceptual decline in motion processing. We employed a global motion coherence task and functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). Healthy adults (n = 72, 18–85) were recruited into the following groups: young (n = 28, mean age = 28), middle-aged (n = 22, mean age = 50), and older adults (n = 23, mean age = 70). Participants were assessed on their motion coherence thresholds at 3 different speeds using a psychophysical design. As expected, we report age group differences in motion processing as demonstrated by higher motion coherence thresholds in older adults. Crucially, we add correlational data showing that global motion perception declines linearly as a function of age. The associated fNIRS recordings provide a clear physiological correlate of global motion perception. The crux of this study lies in the robust linear correlation between age and haemodynamic response for both measures of oxygenation. We hypothesise that there is an increase in neural recruitment, necessitating an increase in metabolic need and blood flow, which presents as a higher oxygenated haemoglobin response. We report age-related changes in motion perception with poorer behavioural performance (high motion coherence thresholds) associated with an increased haemodynamic response.