bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Atmospheric Heat Sources for the Interannual Variability of South Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Lu Tong , Hu Kaiming , Huang Gang , Wang Ya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing a Green's function‐like approach, this study identifies optimal atmospheric heat sources for the two leading modes of South Asian Summer Monsoon (SASM) interannual variability. Optimal heating for the first mode, characterized by a lower‐level anomalous anticyclone over northern Bay of Bengal (BOB), is distributed over the Arabian Sea and tropical eastern Indian Ocean (EIO)‐Maritime Continent, with cooling over the BOB‐western North Pacific. In contrast, heating over the tropical southwestern Indian Ocean and equatorial Atlantic, along with cooling over the tropical EIO‐western Pacific, optimally drives the second mode, featuring an anomalous anticyclone over central‐northern India. El Niño/Southern Oscillation indirectly influences SASM by triggering heat sources resembling these optimal patterns. Other sea surface temperatures (SSTs), like those over equatorial Atlantic, can also generate similar heating structures, causing corresponding SASM anomalies. This suggests that the impact of SST modes on SASM depends on the similarity of induced heat sources to optimal patterns.
Estimation of Recovery Efficiency in High‐Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Considering Buoyancy Flow
Authors: Gao H. , Zhou D. , Tatomir A. , Li K. , Ganzer L. , Jaeger P. , Brenner G. , Sauter M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith their high storage capacity and energy efficiency as well as the compatibilities with renewable energy sources, high‐temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT‐ATES) systems are frequently the target today in the design of temporally and spatially balanced and continuous energy supply systems. The inherent density‐driven buoyancy flow is of greater importance with HT‐ATES, which may lead to a lower thermal recovery efficiency than conventional low‐temperature ATES. In this study, the governing equations for HT‐ATES considering buoyancy flow are nondimensionalized, and four key dimensionless parameters regarding thermal recovery efficiency are determined. Then, using numerical simulations, recovery efficiency for a sweep of the key dimensionless parameters for multiple cycles and storage volumes is examined. Ranges of the key dimensionless parameters for the three displacement regimes, that is, a buoyancy‐dominated regime, a conduction‐dominated regime, and a transition regime, are identified. In the buoyancy‐dominated regime, recovery efficiency is mainly correlated to the ratio between the Rayleigh number and the Peclet number. In the conduction‐dominated regime, recovery efficiency is mainly correlated to the product of a material‐related parameter and the Peclet number. Multivariable regression functions are provided to estimate recovery efficiency using the dimensionless parameters. The recovery efficiency estimated by the regression function shows good agreement with the simulation results. Additionally, well screen designs for optimizing recovery efficiency at various degrees of intensity of buoyancy flow are investigated. The findings of this study can be used for a quick assessment and characterization of the potential HT‐ATES systems based on the geological and operational parameters.
Inflammation in atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and mechanisms
Authors: Ajoolabady Amir , Pratico Domenico , Lin Ling , Mantzoros Christos S. , Bahijri Suhad , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Ren Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis imposes a heavy burden on cardiovascular health due to its indispensable role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has corroborated the vital role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Hence, the demand for preclinical research into atherosclerotic inflammation is on the horizon. Indeed, the acquisition of an in-depth knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis should allow us to identify novel therapeutic targets with translational merits. In this review, we aimed to critically discuss and speculate on the recently identified molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Moreover, we delineated various signaling cascades and proinflammatory responses in macrophages and other leukocytes that promote plaque inflammation and atherosclerosis. In the end, we highlighted potential therapeutic targets, the pros and cons of current interventions, as well as anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective mechanisms.
The long noncoding RNA ELFN1-AS1 promotes gastric cancer growth and metastasis by interacting with TAOK1 to inhibit the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Shen Kuan , Cheng Quan , Zhou Xinyi , Liu Kanghui , Xiao Jian , Hu Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive malignancy that causes numerous cancer-related deaths. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of various tumors, including GC. In this study, we revealed that ELFN1-AS1, a lncRNA with aberrantly high expression, contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of GC. Mechanically, ELFN1-AS1 plays an oncogenic role by binding to the protein kinase domain of thousand and one amino acid protein kinase (TAOK1), a tumor suppressor in GC, and disrupting the TAOK1-STK3 interaction, leading to decreased STK3 phosphorylation. This decrease is accompanied by attenuation of the Hippo kinase cascade, resulting in reduced YAP1 phosphorylation, a crucial effector of the Hippo signaling pathway. Subsequently, the reduced YAP1 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear translocation, thereby enhancing the expression of MYC, a downstream target of the pathway and well-known oncogene. Taken together, the ELFN1-AS1/TAOK1/STK3/YAP1 axis may promote GC progression and is a promising target for GC treatment.
Advances in smart nanotechnology-supported photodynamic therapy for cancer
Authors: Li Guangyao , Wang Cong , Jin Binghui , Sun Tao , Sun Kang , Wang Shuang , Fan Zhe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCancer has emerged as a formidable challenge in the 21st century, impacting society, public health, and the economy. Conventional cancer treatments often exhibit limited efficacy and considerable side effects, particularly in managing the advanced stages of the disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a contemporary non-invasive therapeutic approach, employs photosensitizers (PS) in conjunction with precise light wavelengths to selectively target diseased tissues, inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and ultimately leading to cancer cell apoptosis. In contrast to conventional therapies, PDT presents a lower incidence of side effects and greater precision in targeting. The integration of intelligent nanotechnology into PDT has markedly improved its effectiveness, as evidenced by the remarkable synergistic antitumor effects observed with the utilization of multifunctional nanoplatforms in conjunction with PDT. This paper provides a concise overview of the principles underlying PS and PDT, while also delving into the utilization of nanomaterial-based PDT in the context of cancer treatment.
Nonvesicular lipid transfer drives myelin growth in the central nervous system
Authors: Wu Jianping , Kislinger Georg , Duschek Jerome , Durmaz Ayşe Damla , Wefers Benedikt , Feng Ruoqing , Nalbach Karsten , Wurst Wolfgang , Behrends Christian , Schifferer Martina , Simons Mikael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOligodendrocytes extend numerous cellular processes that wrap multiple times around axons to generate lipid-rich myelin sheaths. Myelin biogenesis requires an enormously productive biosynthetic machinery for generating and delivering these large amounts of newly synthesized lipids. Yet, a complete understanding of this process remains elusive. Utilizing volume electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the oligodendroglial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is enriched in developing myelin, extending into and making contact with the innermost myelin layer where growth occurs. We explore the possibility of transfer of lipids from the ER to myelin, and find that the glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP), implicated in nonvesicular lipid transport, is highly enriched in the growing myelin sheath. Mice with a specific knockout of Gltp in oligodendrocytes exhibit ER pathology, hypomyelination and a decrease in myelin glycolipid content. In summary, our results demonstrate a role for nonvesicular lipid transport in CNS myelin growth, revealing a cellular pathway in developmental myelination.
Metabolomic signatures associated with fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age: a systematic review
Authors: Conde-Agudelo Agustin , Villar Jose , Risso Milagros , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Roberts Lee D. , Kennedy Stephen H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe pathways involved in the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) are incompletely understood. We conduct a systematic review to identify metabolomic signatures in maternal and newborn tissues and body fluids samples associated with FGR/SGA. Here, we report that 825 non-duplicated metabolites were significantly altered across the 48 included studies using 10 different human biological samples, of which only 56 (17 amino acids, 12 acylcarnitines, 11 glycerophosphocholines, six fatty acids, two hydroxy acids, and eight other metabolites) were significantly and consistently up- or down-regulated in more than one study. Three amino acid metabolism-related pathways and one related with lipid metabolism are significantly associated with FGR and/or SGA: biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in umbilical cord blood, and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism in newborn dried blood spot. Significantly enriched metabolic pathways were not identified in the remaining biological samples. Whether these metabolites are in the causal pathways or are biomarkers of fetal nutritional deficiency needs to be explored in large, well-phenotyped cohorts.
Spin-photon entanglement with direct photon emission in the telecom C-band
Authors: Laccotripes P. , Müller T. , Stevenson R. M. , Skiba-Szymanska J. , Ritchie D. A. , Shields A. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantum networks, relying on the distribution of quantum entanglement between remote locations, have the potential to transform quantum computation and secure long-distance quantum communication. However, a fundamental ingredient for fibre-based implementations of such networks, namely entanglement between a single spin and a photon directly emitted at telecom wavelengths, has been unattainable so far. Here, we use a negatively charged exciton in an InAs/InP quantum dot to implement an optically active spin qubit taking advantage of the lowest-loss transmission window, the telecom C-band. We investigate the coherent interactions of the spin-qubit system under resonant excitation, demonstrating high fidelity spin initialisation and coherent control using picosecond pulses. We further use these tools to measure the coherence of a single, undisturbed electron spin in our system. Finally, we demonstrate spin-photon entanglement in a solid-state system with entanglement fidelity F = 80.07 ± 2.9%, more than 10 standard deviations above the classical limit.
Fate of methane in canals draining tropical peatlands
Authors: Perryman Clarice R. , Bowen Jennifer C. , Shahan Julie , Silviani P.A.B Desi , Dayanti Erin , Andriyani Yulita , Asyhari Adibtya , Gangga Adi , Novita Nisa , Anshari Gusti Z. , Hoyt Alison M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTropical wetlands and freshwaters are major contributors to the growing atmospheric methane (CH4) burden. Extensive peatland drainage has lowered CH4 emissions from peat soils in Southeast Asia, but the canals draining these peatlands may be hotspots of CH4 emissions. Alternatively, CH4 oxidation (consumption) by methanotrophic microorganisms may attenuate emissions. Here, we used laboratory experiments and a synoptic survey of the isotopic composition of CH4 in 34 canals across West Kalimantan, Indonesia to quantify the proportion of CH4 that is consumed and therefore not emitted to the atmosphere. We find that CH4 oxidation mitigates 76.4 ± 12.0% of potential canal emissions, reducing emissions by ~70 mg CH4 m−2 d−1. Methane consumption also significantly impacts the stable isotopic fingerprint of canal CH4 emissions. As canals drain over 65% of peatlands in Southeast Asia, our results suggest that CH4 oxidation significantly influences landscape-scale CH4 emissions from these ecosystems.
Dosage-sensitive maternal siRNAs determine hybridization success in Capsella
Authors: Dziasek Katarzyna , Santos-González Juan , Wang Kai , Qiu Yichun , Zhu Jiali , Rigola Diana , Nijbroek Koen , Köhler Claudia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHybrid seed failure arising from wide crosses between plant species is a recurring obstacle in plant breeding, impeding the transfer of desirable traits. This postzygotic reproductive barrier primarily occurs in the endosperm, a tissue that nourishes the embryo and functions similarly to the placenta in mammals. We found that incompatible seeds show a loss of DNA methylation and chromatin condensation in the endosperm, similar to seeds lacking maternal RNA polymerase IV activity. This similarity is linked to a decrease in small interfering RNAs in the endosperm (sirenRNAs), maternal RNA polymerase IV-dependent short interfering RNAs that regulate DNA methylation. Several AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factor genes (AGLs), key regulators of endosperm development, are targeted by sirenRNAs in cis and in trans. This finding aligns with the enrichment of AGL target genes among deregulated genes. We propose that hybrid seed failure results from reduced maternal sirenRNAs combined with increased AGL expression, leading to abnormal gene regulation in the endosperm.
Specialized post-arterial capillaries facilitate adult bone remodelling
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Vishal , Sivaraj Kishor K. , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Bovay Esther , Dharmalingam Backialakshmi , Bixel M. Gabriele , Dinh Van Vuong , Petkova Milena , Paredes Ugarte Isidora , Kuo Yi-Tong , Gurusamy Malarvizhi , Raftrey Brian , Chu Nelson Tsz Long , Das Soumyashree , Rios Coronado Pamela E. , Stehling Martin , Sävendahl Lars , Chagin Andrei S. , Mäkinen Taija , Red-Horse Kristy , Adams Ralf H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe vasculature of the skeletal system is crucial for bone formation, homoeostasis and fracture repair, yet the diversity and specialization of bone-associated vessels remain poorly understood. Here we identify a specialized type of post-arterial capillary, termed type R, involved in bone remodelling. Type R capillaries emerge during adolescence around trabecular bone, possess a distinct morphology and molecular profile, and are associated with osteoprogenitors and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Endothelial cell-specific overexpression of the transcription factor DACH1 in postnatal mice induces a strong increase in arteries and type R capillaries, leading to local metabolic changes and enabling trabecular bone formation in normally highly hypoxic areas of the diaphysis. Indicating potential clinical relevance of type R capillaries, these vessels respond to anti-osteoporosis treatments and emerge during ageing inside porous structures that are known to weaken compact bone. Our work outlines fundamental principles of vessel specialization in the developing, adult and ageing skeletal system.
TYK2 regulates tau levels, phosphorylation and aggregation in a tauopathy mouse model
Authors: Kim Jiyoen , Tadros Bakhos , Liang Yan Hong , Kim Youngdoo , Lasagna-Reeves Cristian , Sonn Jun Young , Chung Dah-eun Chloe , Hyman Bradley , Holtzman David M. , Zoghbi Huda Yahya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is one of at least 26 diseases characterized by tau-positive accumulation in neurons, glia or both. However, it is still unclear what modifications cause soluble tau to transform into insoluble aggregates. We previously performed genetic screens that identified tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as a candidate regulator of tau levels. Here we verified this finding and found that TYK2 phosphorylates tau at tyrosine 29 (Tyr29) leading to its stabilization and promoting its aggregation in human cells. We discovered that TYK2-mediated Tyr29 phosphorylation interferes with autophagic clearance of tau. We also show that TYK2-mediated phosphorylation of Tyr29 facilitates pathological tau accumulation in P301S tau-transgenic mice. Furthermore, knockdown of Tyk2 reduced total tau and pathogenic tau levels and rescued gliosis in a tauopathy mouse model. Collectively, these data suggest that partial inhibition of TYK2 could thus be a strategy to reduce tau levels and toxicity.
The impact of retirement on loneliness in Europe
Authors: Guthmuller Sophie , Heger Dörte , Hollenbach Johannes , Werbeck Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the short- and long-term impacts of retirement on loneliness using panel data from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe. To identify causal effects, we exploit differences in retirement rules across and within countries and use retirement thresholds in an instrumental variable setting. On average, we find that entering retirement leads to a reduction in loneliness in the long run and no clear effect in the short run. The reduction is driven by individuals being less likely to feel socially isolated and lacking companionship. Our results suggest that individuals adapt to retirement by increasing their activity levels and reap the benefits in terms of reduced loneliness and social isolation. The heterogeneity analysis shows that this is particularly true among the higher educated. The heterogeneity analysis also reveals that retirement increases feelings of loneliness for women in the short term and that the effect seems to be driven by women lacking companionship when their partner is not yet retired.
Insecticide resistance and population structure of the invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, from Fiq, Ethiopia
Authors: Samake Jeanne N. , Yared Solomon , Hassen Mussie Abdosh , Zohdy Sarah , Carter Tamar E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnopheles stephensi invasion in Ethiopia poses a risk of increased malaria disease burden in the region. Thus, understanding the insecticide resistance profile and population structure of the recently detected An. stephensi population in Fiq, Ethiopia, is critical to inform vector control to stop the spread of this invasive malaria species in the country. Following entomological surveillance for An. stephensi in Fiq, Somali region, Ethiopia, we confirmed the presence of An. stephensi morphologically and molecularly in Fiq. Characterization of larval habitats and insecticide susceptibility tests revealed that Fiq An. stephensi is most often found in artificial containers and is resistant to most adult insecticides tested (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids) except for pirimiphos-methyl and PBO-pyrethroids. However, the immature larval stage was susceptible to temephos. Further comparative genomic analyses with previous An. stephensi populations from Ethiopia using 1704 biallelic SNPs revealed genetic relatedness between Fiq An. stephensi and east-central Ethiopia An. stephensi populations, particularly Jigjiga An. stephensi. Our findings of the insecticide resistance profile, coupled with the likely source population of Fiq An. stephensi, can inform vector control strategies against this malaria vector in Fiq and Jigjiga to limit further spread out of these two locations to other parts of the country and continent.
Effect of tibiofemoral alignment on simulated knee contact forces during gait in mechanically and kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: John Stefanie , Bierwirth Torm , Nebel Dennis , Einfeldt Ann-Kathrin , Jakubowitz Eike , Tücking Lars-René , Savov Peter , Ettinger Max , Windhagen Henning , Hurschler Christof , Schwarze Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of the study was to apply a musculoskeletal knee model that considers individual tibiofemoral alignment (TFA) and to investigate its effect on knee contact force (KCF) during gait in mechanically (MA) and kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Total, medial, and lateral KCF was estimated from pre- and postoperative gait data of TKA patients (MA: n = 26, KA: n = 22). Preoperative KCF was compared between the generic and the adapted model using t-tests and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The TFA-adapted model was then used to analyze pre- to postoperative differences in MA and KA patients. The factor of TFA increased estimates of KCF during the stance phase and led to higher peak contact forces (3–5%, p < 0.05). SPM analyses of pre- to postoperative KCF revealed no significant differences across the gait cycle, however, postoperative peak KCF was significantly increased in both groups (10–18%, p < 0.05). No group differences were observed when comparing KCF between MA and KA patients. Integrating TFA into the model led to higher estimations of KCF. Applying the adapted model, pre- to postoperative differences in KCF were the same for both TKA groups suggesting that both alignment techniques had comparable effects on knee loading post-TKA.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for predicting postoperative delirium in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Alhammadi Eman , Kuhlmann Julian Max , Rana Majeed , Frohnhofen Helmut , Moellmann Henriette Louise ,   Nonauthor Collaborator (Data Collection), Mevissen Anica , Rahm Louisa Katharina , Olbrich Philipp , Boulghoudan Soufian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdentifying high-risk patients for developing postoperative delirium (POD) is essential for optimizing the medical field’s human and financial resources through specialty-relevant geriatric assessments that can aid in establishing prehabilitation strategies. This study aims to identify geriatric screening tools to predict preoperative delirium and explore the high-risk elderly patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery. A comprehensive geriatric assessment encompassing 23 instruments was used to evaluate inpatients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia, preoperatively and postoperatively. Selective intraoperative and postoperative variables were also assessed for their relation to POD occurrence. This prospective study included 90 patients (mean age 79.0 years) from August 2022 to August 2023. The POD rate in this cohort was (8.9% n = 8). The Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) was significantly associated with POD occurrence (p = 0.005). Significant associations were found between POD occurrence and operation type (p = 0.018), duration (p = 0.026), length of stay ( p = 0.002), and postoperative hemoglobin levels (p = 0.027). This study highlights the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessments in predicting POD in elderly patients. Future research should build on these findings to enhance preoperative care strategies and improve outcomes.Trial registration: German Register of Clinical Studies, DRKSID DRKS00028614.