bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical factors for knowledge sharing in technology-intensive organizations: evidence from UAE service sector
Authors: AlShamsi Omran , Ajmal Mian 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the critical factors that impact knowledge sharing (KS) and their importance in technology-intensive service organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was conducted to identify the critical factors for KS in technology-intensive organizations. Then, an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was applied to prioritize the primary criteria and sub-criteria. This study consists of nine primary criteria and 34 sub-criteria that are relevant to KS in technology-intensive organizations.FindingsThe results show that organizational leadership (OL) is the most important factor that impacts KS in technology-intensive organizations, which is followed by organizational culture (OC), organizational strategy (OSY), corporate performance (CP), organizational process (OP), employee engagement (EE) and organizational structure (OST). According to the results, the least impactful factor is human resource management (HRM).Research limitations/implicationsBecause the results in this study were only obtained from service organizations, future studies can include manufacturing organizations from different countries and additional success factors. Future studies could also use structural equational modelling methodology for better understanding the relations among these critical factors for KS.Originality valueThis paper is one of the first in the UAE to examine the broad range of critical success factors for KS in technology-intensive organizations.
Absorptive capacity and relationship learning mechanisms as complementary drivers of green innovation performance
Authors: Albort-Morant Gema , Leal-Rodríguez Antonio L. , De Marchi Valentina 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to explore in depth how internal and external knowledge-based drivers actually affect the firms’ green innovation performance. Subsequently, this study analyzes the relationships between absorptive capacity (internal knowledge-based driver), relationship learning (external knowledge-based driver) and green innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on a sample of 112 firms belonging to the Spanish automotive components manufacturing sector (ACMS) and uses partial least squares path modeling to test the hypotheses proposed.FindingsThe empirical results show that both absorptive capacity and relationship learning exert a significant positive effect on the dependent variable and that relationship learning moderates the link between absorptive capacity and green innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper presents some limitations with respect to the particular sector (i.e. the ACMS) and geographical context (Spain). For this reason, researchers must be thoughtful while generalizing these results to distinct scenarios.Practical implicationsManagers should devote more time and resources to reinforce their absorptive capacity as an important strategic tool to generate new knowledge and hence foster green innovation performance in manufacturing industries.Social implicationsThe paper shows the importance of encouraging decision-makers to cultivate and rely on relationship learning mechanisms with their main stakeholders and to acquire the necessary information and knowledge that might be valuable in the maturity of green innovations.Originality/valueThis study proposes that relationship learning plays a moderating role in the relationship between absorptive capacity and green innovation performance.
Similar levels of trophic and functional diversity within damselfish assemblages across Indo‐Pacific coral reefs
Authors: Gajdzik Laura , Parmentier Eric , Michel Loïc N. , Sturaro Nicolas , Soong Keryea , Lepoint Gilles , Frédérich Bruno 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Understanding the forces that influence the dynamics of communities is a key challenge to undertake in changing environments. Despite recent advances in coral reef community ecology, a more comprehensive knowledge about processes (niche‐related traits and phylogenies) driving the composition of reef fish community is needed.

Here, we conducted a quantitative comparison of these processes in damselfish assemblages that belong to three distinct Indo‐Pacific coral reefs differing in taxonomic composition, morphology and degree of human disturbance.

We compiled a dataset of eight categorical variables to estimate functional diversity of damselfish assemblages and a second one of stable isotope ratios to evaluate isotopic diversity, a proxy of trophic diversity. Both datasets represent the eco‐functional diversity and provide insights into niche‐related traits. Indices were then computed to grasp complementary facets of this diversity: the size of multidimensional space (richness), the partitioning of niches (divergence) and the regularity in the distribution of niches (evenness) within each space. We also tested whether functional and trophic traits displayed some evolutionary niche conservatism.

We found that functional richness was influenced by the number of species and functional entities (unique combination of trait values), and that the portions of the functional spaces filled by assemblages mainly overlapped. Functional divergence and evenness indices were similarly high. For trophic diversity, the isotopic richness remained equivalent, while the two other indices were of high values and did not significantly differ. Both functional and trophic traits did not display any phylogenetic conservatism.

We demonstrated consistent levels of eco‐functional diversity in Indo‐Pacific coral reef damselfishes. Each assemblage hosted species whose niches were highly differentiated and evenly distributed in eco‐functional spaces of similar sizes, albeit the extent of functional space varied with the species richness. Assemblages also tended to share similar functional attributes. The inconsistent phylogenetic structures of eco‐functional traits and the similarity in diversity indices suggest that the assemblage composition of damselfishes is mainly driven by niche‐related processes rather than by phylogenetic relatedness. Our work helps to determine which mechanisms shape coral reef fish biodiversity and more particularly assemblages issued from replicated events of ecological radiation.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Evaluating management strategies to optimise coral reef ecosystem services
Authors: Weijerman Mariska , Gove Jamison M. , Williams Ivor D. , Walsh William J. , Minton Dwayne , Polovina Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Earlier declines in marine resources, combined with current fishing pressures and devastating coral mortality in 2015, have resulted in a degraded coral reef ecosystem state at Puakō in West Hawaiʹi. Changes to resource management are needed to facilitate recovery of ecosystem functions and services.

We developed a customised ecosystem model to evaluate the performance of alternative management scenarios at Puakō in the provisioning of ecosystem services to human users (marine tourists, recreational fishers) and enhancing the reef's ability to recover from pressures (resilience).

Outcomes of the continuation of current management plus five alternative management scenarios were compared under both high and low coral‐bleaching related mortality over a 15‐year time span.

Current management is not adequate to prevent further declines in marine resources. Fishing effort is already above the multispecies sustainable yield, and, at its current level, will likely lead to a shift to algal‐dominated reefs and greater abundance of undesirable fish species. Scenarios banning all gears other than line fishing, or prohibiting take of herbivorous fishes, were most effective at enhancing reef structure and resilience, dive tourism, and the recreational fishery. Allowing only line fishing generated the most balanced trade‐off between stakeholders, with positive gains in both ecosystem resilience and dive tourism, while only moderately decreasing fishery value within the area.

Synthesis and applications. Our customised ecosystem model projects the impacts of multiple, simultaneous pressures on a reef ecosystem. Trade‐offs of alternative approaches identified by local managers were quantified based on indicators for different ecosystem services (e.g. ecosystem resilience, recreation, food). This approach informs managers of potential conflicts among stakeholders and provides guidance on approaches that better balance conservation objectives and stakeholders’ interests. Our results indicate that a combination of reducing land‐based pollution and allowing only line fishing generated the most balanced trade‐off between stakeholders and will enhance reef recovery from the detrimental effects of coral bleaching events that are expected over the next 15 years.
A pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of an individualized and cognitive behavioural communication intervention for informal carers of people with dementia: The Talking Sense programme
Authors: Barnes Colin J. , Markham Chris 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia and family carers often experience difficulties communicating together. These difficulties are considered to contribute significantly to the depression, anxiety and negative feelings such as guilt often reported by dementia family carers.AimsTo develop and contribute to the theory and evidence base for single‐component, psychosocial interventions that address these difficulties by evaluating the effectiveness of the Talking Sense programme which was designed to reflect existing best evidence.Methods & ProceduresTalking Sense was delivered as an individualized, one to one, cognitive behavioural approach for developing knowledge, skills, thinking and behaviour of dementia family carers in managing communication difficulties. In this study, a randomized controlled trial compared 27 carers who completed three one‐to‐one individualized sessions using Talking Sense with 25 carers who received a single, knowledge‐only, control discussion.Outcomes & ResultsThere were no significant differences for the primary outcome measure of carer anxiety and depression as well as carer quality of life and general self‐efficacy. Statistically significant results suggested carers receiving the Talking Sense intervention had fewer communication difficulties happening (p = 0.046) and felt more valued by their relatives (p = 0.046). A score close to significance (p = 0.052) suggested they perceived their relatives to be more communicatively competent.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe intervention and research design were shown to be effective with low attrition and high adherence to treatment. A non‐significant finding for the primary outcome measure does not support the potential for this intervention to effect carer anxiety and depression. The potential for perceived change in the person with dementia, with statistically fewer communication difficulties happening and the carer feeling more valued by their relative, was the most significant finding from this programme of research. Recommendations for further research are made.
A network of regulators promotes dehydration tolerance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Chen Annie I. , Goulian Mark 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe ability to survive conditions of low water activity is critical for the survival of many bacteria in the environment and facilitates disease transmission through food and contaminated surfaces. However, the molecular mechanisms that enable bacteria to withstand this condition remain poorly understood. Here we describe a network of regulators in Escherichia coli that are important for this bacterium to survive dehydration. We found that the transcriptional regulator DksA and the general stress response regulator RpoS play a critical role. From a plasmid genomic library screen, we identified two additional regulators, Crl and ArcZ, that promote dehydration tolerance through modulation of RpoS. We also found that LexA, RecA and ArcA contribute to survival. Our results identify key regulators that enable E. coli to tolerate dehydration and suggest a hierarchical network is involved in protection against cellular damage associated with this stress.
Deserving citizenship? Exploring migrants' experiences of the ‘citizenship test’ process in the United Kingdom
Authors: Monforte Pierre , Bassel Leah , Khan Kamran 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSince the early 2000s several European countries have introduced language and citizenship tests as new requirements for access to long‐term residence or naturalization. The content of citizenship tests has been often presented as exclusionary in nature, in particular as it is based on the idea that access to citizenship has to be ‘deserved’. In this paper, we aim to explore the citizenship tests ‘from below’, through the focus on the experience of migrants who prepare and take the ‘Life in the UK’ test, and with particular reference to how they relate to the idea of ‘deservingness’. Through a set of in‐depth interviews with migrants in two different cities (Leicester and London), we show that many of them use narratives in which they distinguish between the ‘deserving citizens’ and the ‘undeserving Others’ when they reflect upon their experience of becoming citizens. In so doing, they negotiate new hierarchies of inclusion into and exclusion from citizenship, which reflect broader neo‐liberal and ethos‐based conceptions of citizenship.
Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Following a Minor Head Injury: A Rare Cause of Medico‐Legal Death
Authors: Srettabunjong Supawon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSeptic cavernous sinus thrombosis (SCST) is an uncommon consequence of head and face infection, but a rare complication after craniofacial fracture. In this case, SCST developed in a 13‐year‐old girl following a minor fall during volleyball, with impact and resulting abrasive contusion of the left forehead. She developed watery rhinorrhea, progressive headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and left proptosis with blurred vision, and was admitted to hospital 3 days after injury. Drowsiness, high‐grade fever, severe headache, left ocular pain with marked periorbital swelling, and paralysis of extraocular eye movements developed. Computed tomography scan identified left sphenoid and ethmoid sinusitis, a posterior clinoid fracture, and septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. She died after 10 days of in‐hospital antibiotic therapy. Death was due to Staphylococcus aureus sepsis with septic pulmonary thromboemboli due to suppurative meningitis and cerebral infarction, due to SCST following apparently minor blunt head injury from an accidental fall.
A nodule endophytic Bacillus megaterium strain isolated from Medicago polymorpha enhances growth, promotes nodulation by Ensifer medicae and alleviates salt stress in alfalfa plants
Authors: Chinnaswamy A. , Coba de la Peña T. , Stoll A. , de la Peña Rojo D. , Bravo J. , Rincón A. , Lucas M.M. , Pueyo J.J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA Gram‐positive, fast‐growing, endophytic bacterium was isolated from root nodules of Medicago polymorpha and identified as Bacillus megaterium. The isolate, named NMp082, co‐inhabited nodules with the symbiotic rhizobium Ensifer medicae. B. megaterium NMp082 contained nifH and nodD genes that were 100% identical to those of Ensifer meliloti, an unusual event that suggested previous lateral gene transfer from a different rhizobial species. Despite the presence of nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes, the endophyte was not able to form effective nodules; however, it induced nodule‐like unorganised structures in alfalfa roots. Axenic inoculation promoted plant growth in M. polymorpha, Medicago lupulina, Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa, and co‐inoculation with E. medicae enhanced growth and nodulation of Medicago spp. plants compared with inoculation with either bacterium alone. B. megaterium NMp082 also induced tolerance to salt stress in alfalfa and Arabidopsis plants. The ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity displayed by the endophyte in vitro might explain the observed plant growth promotion and salt stress alleviation. The isolate was also highly tolerant to salt stress, water deficit and to the presence of different heavy metals. The newly characterised endophytic bacterium possessed specific characteristics that point at potential applications to sustain plant growth and nodulation under abiotic stress.
Effects of alcohol intoxication on self‐reported drinking patterns, expectancies, motives and personality: a randomized controlled experimental study
Authors: Kuitunen‐Paul Sören , Obst Elisabeth , Schmidt Ruth , Sommer Christian , Kuitunen Paula T. , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Zimmermann Ulrich S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlcohol intoxication may affect self‐reports of alcohol use and related constructs, such as impulsivity and dependence symptoms. Improved knowledge about potential systematic reporting biases induced by alcohol, e.g. through disinhibition, may be relevant for the assessment of intoxicated individuals both in clinical routine and research. We therefore randomly assigned 54 socially drinking males aged 18 to 19 without lifetime diagnosis of DSM‐IV alcohol dependence to one of two experimental arms: either placebo infusion at day 1 and alcohol infusion at day 2, or vice versa. The lab‐based intravenous alcohol infusion produced a constant blood alcohol level of 0.08 percent. On each day, participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, as well as other questionnaires on alcohol expectancies, drinking motives and substance use‐related temperament traits. We found that alcohol significantly increased self‐reported expectancies (tension reduction) and motives (conformity; η2 = .16–.23), but we observed no effect of sequence, i.e. alcohol first versus placebo first (Pcorr ≥ .118). High baseline alcohol expectancies did not moderate alcohol effects (Pcorr ≥ .462). We conclude that moderate alcohol intoxication might not generally affect the reliability of self‐reported alcohol use, alcohol use problems and psychological concepts related to drinking behavior in young males without alcohol dependence. Future studies could examine larger, less selective and clinical samples for possible alcohol effects on self‐report measures related to alcohol consumption.
DRD2promoter methylation and measures of alcohol reward: functional activation of reward circuits and clinical severity
Authors: Bidwell L. Cinnamon , Karoly Hollis C. , Thayer Rachel E. , Claus Eric D. , Bryan Angela D. , Weiland Barbara J. , YorkWilliams Sophie , Hutchison Kent E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStudies have identified strong associations between D2 receptor binding potential and neural responses to rewarding stimuli and substance use. Thus, D2 receptor perturbations are central to theoretical models of the pathophysiology of substance dependence, and epigenetic changes may represent one of the fundamental molecular mechanisms impacting the effects of alcohol exposure on the brain. We hypothesized that epigenetic alterations in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene would be associated with cue‐elicited activation of neural reward regions, as well as severity of alcohol use behavior. The current study leveraged functional neuroimaging (fMRI) during an alcohol reward paradigm (n = 383) to test associations amongDRD2promoter methylation in peripheral tissue, signal change in the striatum during the presentation of alcohol cues, and severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Controlling for age,DRD2promoter methylation was positively associated with responses to alcohol cues in the right accumbens (partialr = 0.144,P = 0.005), left putamen (partialr = 0.133,P = 0.009), right putamen (partialr = 0.106,P = 0.039), left caudate (partialr = 0.117,P = 0.022), and right caudate (partialr = 0.133,P = 0.009), suggesting thatDRD2methylation was positively associated with robust activation in the striatum in response to reward cues.DRD2methylation was also positively associated with clinical metrics of AUD severity. Specifically, controlling for age,DRD2methylation was associated with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total (partialr = 0.140,P = 0.002); Impaired Control Scale total (partialr = 0.097,P = 0.044) and Alcohol Dependence Scale total (partialr = 0.152,P = 0.001). Thus,DRD2methylation may be a critical mechanism linking D2 receptors with functional striatal brain changes and clinical severity among alcohol users.
Blue and yellow vane traps differ in their sampling effectiveness for wild bees in both open and wooded habitats
Authors: Hall Mark 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Pan trapping is a common method for sampling wild bees, although the use of vane traps is growing globally. Despite this, few studies have tested the effectiveness of different coloured vane traps in attracting bees among different habitat types, and none exist in the southern hemisphere.
The present study sampled 192 sites (108 in wooded habitats and 84 in open habitats) within an agricultural region of southern Australia. Pairs of coloured vane traps (one blue and one yellow) were placed at each site for a period of seven days. Combined, 16 348 individuals were collected from four families, comprising 13 genera (21 subgenera) and 55 species.
Blue vane taps were most effective, sampling six times as many individuals as yellow vane traps and 96% of total species. Their effectiveness was consistent among open and wooded habitat types.
The present study highlights the efficacy of vane traps as a passive sampling technique for wild bees. An added benefit of this technique is that vane traps do not require pheromones or lethal agents.
A systematic sampling method best suited to the research question should be incorporated into studies of wild bees. For ecological census and population monitoring within multiple habitat types, the present study supports the use of blue vane taps as a major component of the sampling protocol.
Muscles and fascial elements of the antebrachium and manus of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana, Blumenbach 1797): starring comparative and functional considerations
Authors: Nagel R. M. , Forstenpointner G. , Soley J. T. , Weissengruber G. E. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe structure of the limbs of elephants is unusual among mammals. In African elephants (Loxodonta africana, Blumenbach 1797), the front limbs serve to support the greatest part of the body mass of the largest land animal. In this study, we present new and detailed anatomical data regarding muscular and specific fascial structures of the lower front limb which were examined by means of standard anatomical and histological techniques. The muscles and tendons of the forearm (antebrachium) and hand (manus) are tightly surrounded by thick, highly elastic fascial layers which fuse with the lacertus (lac.) fibrosus and the so‐called ligamentum (lig.) humeroulnare. A well‐developed musculus (m.) brachioradialis occupies the proximolateral aspect of the forearm and its tendon inserts together with the lac. fibrosus on the os carpi intermedium. The lac. fibrosus, the lig. humeroulnare and the m. flexor carpi radialis reveal a large proportion of elastic fibres. These three structures may play an important role in storing strain energy thus promoting energy‐saving locomotion. On the palmar aspect of the carpus, metacarpus and digits, short flexor, abductor, adductor, lumbricales and interossei muscles are present, whereas supinator muscles are absent in all specimens. The short muscles of the hand together with specific dorsal tendons enable precise movements of specific toes.