bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gibberellin repression of axillary bud formation in Arabidopsis by modulation of DELLA‐SPL9 complex activity
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Qi , Wang Jia‐Gang , Wang Ling‐Yan , Wang Jun‐Fang , Wang Qun , Yu Ping , Bai Ming‐Yi , Fan Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe formation of lateral branches has an important and fundamental contribution to the remarkable developmental plasticity of plants, which allows plants to alter their architecture to adapt to the challenging environment conditions. The Gibberellin (GA) phytohormones have been known to regulate the outgrowth of axillary meristems (AMs), but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that DELLA proteins regulate axillary bud formation by interacting and regulating the DNA‐binding ability of SQUAMOSA‐PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE 9 (SPL9), a microRNA156‐targeted squamosa promoter binding protein‐like transcription factor. SPL9 participates in the initial regulation of axillary buds by repressing the expression of LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS), a key regulator in the initiation of AMs, and LAS contributes to the specific expression pattern of the GA deactivation enzyme GA2ox4, which is specifically expressed in the axils of leaves to form a low‐GA cell niche in this anatomical region. Nevertheless, increasing GA levels in leaf axils by ectopically expressing the GA‐biosynthesis enzyme GA20ox2 significantly impaired axillary meristem initiation. Our study demonstrates that DELLA‐SPL9‐LAS‐GA2ox4 defines a core feedback regulatory module that spatially pattern GA content in the leaf axil and precisely control the axillary bud formation in different spatial and temporal.
Differential regulation of phasic dopamine release in the forebrain by the VTA noradrenergic receptor signaling
Authors: Kielbinski Michał , Bernacka Joanna , Solecki Wojciech B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhasic dopamine (DA) release from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) into forebrain structures is implicated in associative learning and conditional stimulus (CS)‐evoked behavioral responses. Mounting evidence points to noradrenaline signaling in the VTA as an important regulatory input. Accordingly, adrenergic receptor (AR) blockade in the VTA has been shown to modulate CS‐dependent behaviors. Here, we hypothesized that α1‐ and α2‐AR (but not β‐AR) activity preferentially modulates phasic, in contrast to tonic, DA release. In addition, these effects could differ between forebrain targets. We used fast‐scan cyclic voltammetric measurements in rats to assess the effects of intra‐VTA microinfusion of terazosin, a selective α1‐AR antagonist, on electrically evoked phasic DA release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Terazosin dose‐dependently attenuated phasic, but not tonic, DA release in the NAc core, but not in the mPFC. Next, we measured the effects of intra‐VTA administration of the α2‐AR selective antagonist RX‐821002 on evoked DA in the NAc core. Similar to the effects of α1‐AR blockade, intra‐VTA α2‐AR blockade with RX‐0821002 strongly and dose‐dependently attenuated phasic, but not tonic, DA release. In contrast, no regulation by RX‐821002 was observed in the mPFC. This effect was sensitive to intra‐VTA blockade of D2 receptors with raclopride. Finally, the β‐AR antagonist propranolol ineffectively modulated DA release in the NAc core. These findings revealed both α1‐ and α2‐ARs in the VTA as selective regulators of phasic DA release. Importantly, we demonstrated that AR blockade modulated mesolimbic, in contrast to mesocortical, DA release in previously unstudied heterogeneity in AR regulation of forebrain phasic DA.
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Case series of neck accessory tragus
Authors: Yin Xu‐feng , Shi Jian , Hua Zhi‐xiang , Miao Xu , Zhou Bing‐rong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe report three cases of neck accessory tragus, which is the largest number of cases with dermatologists reported in China. Neck accessory tragus belongs to special accessory auricular anomaly. Case 1: A 5‐year‐old girl presented with a skin‐colored mass above her right clavicle since birth. Physical examination revealed a pea‐sized mass positioned above the right clavicle. Case 2 and case 3 were a 3‐month‐old female infant and a 4‐month‐old male infant, respectively. Both of their parents complained that the masses gradually increased in front of the neck. Histopathologically, all of the three cases showed cartilage beneath the subcutaneous tissue. All cases were diagnosed as cervical auricles.
Professional pride: A qualitative descriptive study of nursing home staff’s experiences of how a quality development project influenced their work
Authors: Vikström Sofia , Johansson Karin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore and describe how daily work at a nursing home had been influenced by a quality improvement project, from the perspective of direct care staff.BackgroundDeficiencies in nursing home care are widely reported, often with a focus on lack of competence among direct care staff. The present trend in quality development in nursing homes brings direct care staff's perspectives into focus through participatory action research approaches. Still, little is known about how staff experience the impact of such projects on their everyday work.DesignThe study was designed as an interpretive descriptive study, based on interviews with nursing home staff. The methods were conducted in accordance with the SRQR guidelines.ResultsThe analysis revealed that the participants reasoned on whether the improvement project contributed to their possibilities perform their work at the unit for the benefit of the residents. This was strongly connected to their professional pride. The participants reflected on this through three changes generated by the project: (a) participating in project activities—supporting or threatening daily work at the unit, (b) from performing individual duties towards a shared responsibility and (c) confirming and strengthening competence that brings the everyday situation of residents into focus.ConclusionThe importance of professional pride identified in this study points towards a need for reducing barriers for direct care staff to express and develop competences they regard as part of their professional identity. The findings also shed some light on competence that brings the everyday situation of residents into focus as a driving force behind lack of compliance and resistance to change.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings indicate a call for quality development designs to reduce barriers for care staff to express and develop knowledge that they regard as part of their professional identity.
Urban revival by Millennials? Intraurban net migration patterns of young adults, 1980–2010
Authors: Lee Yongsung , Lee Bumsoo , Shubho Md Tanvir Hossain 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigates neighborhood scale net migration of young adults in the top 20 urbanized areas (UAs) in the United States between 1980 and 2010. Both descriptive and regression analyses show that Generation Xers and Millennials were more likely to net migrate into central locations and less aversive to high density at their young ages than late boomers were in the 1980s. Consumption amenities are a critical factor that distinguishes the net migration patterns between young and old adult groups and became a more important location factor for young adults in the 2000s (late Gen Xers and older Millennials) than in the 1990s (early Gen Xers). There exists a considerable degree of heterogeneity across UAs and neighborhoods even within the same UAs.
Esophageal feeding tube placement and the associated complications in 248 cats
Authors: Breheny Craig R. , Boag Alisdair , Le Gal Alice , Hõim Sven‐Erik , Cantatore Matteo , Anderson Davina , Nuttall Tim , Chandler Marjoie L. , Gunn‐Moore Danièlle A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal feeding tubes are commonly used to provide enteral nutrition to cats, but their use is associated with adverse effects.ObjectivesTo evaluate the complications associated with e‐tube placement in cats and to identify factors predisposing to these complications.AnimalsCats that had an esophageal feeding tube placed (n = 248).MethodsThis was a retrospective case review in which clinical records were interrogated across 2 referral centers to identify records of cats that had esophageal tubes placed. Clinical data were collected for signalment, clinical indication, method of placement, time of removal, and any complications. Logistic regression was then employed to assess the odds of an increase in complications, including infection and death.ResultsFor those cats that survived to discharge, tubes were in place for a median of 11 days, ranging from 1 to 93 days. Complications occurred in 35.8% of the cats, with the most common being tube dislodgement (14.5%), followed by stoma site infections (12.1%). Cats receiving glucocorticoids or oncolytic agents (OR = 3.91; 95% CI, 1.14‐13.44) and with discharge at the stoma site (OR = 159.8; CI, 18.9‐1351) were at an increased odds of developing a stoma site infection, whereas those with a lower weight (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.75) or (pancreatic [OR = 4.33; 95% CI, 1.02‐18.47], neoplastic [OR = 15.44; 95% CI, 3.67‐65.07], respiratory [OR = 19.66; 95% CI, 2.81‐137.48], urogenital [OR = 5.78; 95% CI, 1.15‐28.99], and infectious diseases [OR = 11.57; 95% CI, 2.27‐58.94]) had an increased odds of death. The duration of time in place and the cat being discharged with the tube in place were not associated with an increased risk of infection or death.Conclusions and clinical importanceOwners should be made aware of the potential risks involved and their predisposing factors.
Short‐term responses in a secondary tropical forest after a severe windstorm event
Authors: Yee Alex T. K. , Lai Hao Ran , Chong Kwek Yan , Neo Louise , Koh Choon Yen , Tan Siu Yueh , Seah Wei Wei , Loh Jolyn W. , Lim Reuben C. J. , van Breugel Michiel , Tan Hugh T. W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuestionsHow do abiotic conditions, forest structure, as well as taxonomic and functional diversities and composition recover after wind‐generated treefalls? Do young and old‐growth secondary forests differ in their responses?LocationMandai region of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore, where extensive treefalls occurred during an unusually powerful windstorm in 2011. Southeast Asia.MethodsSoil nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, canopy cover, leaf litter depth, coarse woody debris, and woody stems ≥1‐cm diameter were measured and identified in 10 × 10 m plots. Twenty‐six plots were located in treefall areas and 14 plots were located in relatively unaffected areas, with equal numbers in young and old‐growth secondary forest types. The first round of surveys took place within 3–6 months of the windstorm event and yearly re‐surveys were conducted until 2015. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness, woody density, maximum plant height, and seed dry mass were measured or derived from various sources.ResultsThere was a pulse of soil nutrient availability in both affected and unaffected areas 1 year after the wind event. Canopy cover and basal area in the affected areas recovered to similar levels as unaffected areas by the second year, and coarse woody debris by the fourth year. In affected plots, taxonomic and functional diversities increased and overshot that of—and taxonomic composition diverged from—unaffected plots after the second year. Young and old‐growth secondary forest types mainly differed in the taxonomic composition of new recruits. However, there was no evidence of changes in functional composition towards resource‐acquisitive strategies such as lower wood density or higher specific leaf area.ConclusionsAbiotic conditions and basal area recovered rapidly within 2–4 years after the windstorm. Taxonomic composition in young and old‐growth affected forests both diverged from unaffected forests but also from each other over time.
Epigenetic dynamics during flowering plant reproduction: evidence for reprogramming?
Authors: Gehring Mary 
Published: April 2019

SummaryOver the last 10 yr there have been major advances in documenting and understanding dynamic changes to DNA methylation, small RNAs, chromatin modifications and chromatin structure that accompany reproductive development in flowering plants, from germline specification to seed maturation. Here I highlight recent advances in the field, mostly made possible by microscopic analysis of epigenetic states or by the ability to isolate specific cell types or tissues and apply omics approaches. I consider in which contexts there is potentially reprogramming vs maintenance or reinforcement of epigenetic states.
Molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution revealed by global selection for glyphosate resistance
Authors: Gaines Todd A. , Patterson Eric L. , Neve Paul 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe human‐directed, global selection for glyphosate resistance in weeds has revealed a fascinating diversity of evolved resistance mechanisms, including herbicide sequestration in the vacuole, a rapid cell death response, nucleotide polymorphisms in the herbicide target (5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase, EPSPS) and increased gene copy number of EPSPS. For this latter mechanism, two distinct molecular genetic mechanisms have been observed, a tandem duplication mechanism and a large extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) that is tethered to the chromosomes and passed to gametes at meiosis. These divergent mechanisms have a range of consequences for the spread, fitness, and inheritance of resistance traits, and, particularly in the case of the eccDNA, demonstrate how evolved herbicide resistance can generate new insights into plant adaptation to contemporary environmental stress.
Risk Sharing and Institutional Quality: Evidence from OECD and Emerging Economies
Authors: Faruk Balli , Eleonora Pierucci 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the impact of institutional quality on risk sharing across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and emerging economies (EMEs). It has been found that the quality of institutions and risk sharing are significantly interrelated among OECD members (mostly through credit market channel), but not for the EMEs. Our results are consistent when we control for pre‐ and post‐GFC periods. The reason why the impact of institutional quality on risk sharing is limited among EMEs might be due to the significant monetary injections from advanced economies in the form of remittances and financial aid which might understate other factors that influence risk sharing.
Firearm Ownership and Capability for Suicide in Post‐Deployment National Guard Service Members
Authors: Goldberg Simon B. , Tucker Raymond P. , Abbas Maleeha , Schultz Megan E. , Hiserodt Michele , Thomas Kathryn A. , Anestis Michael D. , Wyman Mary F. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveNational Guard service members demonstrate increased suicide risk relative to the civilian population. One potential mechanism for this increased risk may be familiarity with and access to firearms following deployment. This study examined the association between firearm ownership, reasons for ownership, and firearm familiarity with a widely studied suicide risk factor—capability for suicide—among National Guard service members.MethodData were drawn from a cross‐sectional survey of National Guard service members conducted immediately post‐deployment in 2010. Service members (n = 2,292) completed measures of firearm ownership, firearm familiarity, and capability for suicide.ResultsFirearm ownership and increased firearm familiarity were associated with capability for suicide (d = 0.47 and r = .25, for firearm ownership and familiarity, respectively). When examined separately based on reason for ownership, owning a firearm for self‐protection (d = 0.33) or owning a military weapon (d = 0.27) remained significantly associated with capability for suicide. In contrast, owning a firearm for hobby purposes did not (d = −0.07).ConclusionOur findings support theories emphasizing practical aspects of suicide (e.g., three‐step theory) and suggest that owning firearms, in particular for self‐protection, along with familiarity using firearms may be associated with greater capability for suicide.
Exploring Sensitive Topics in an Authoritarian Context: An Insider Perspective*
Authors: Yusupova Guzel 
Published: April 2019

ObjectThis article examines the methodological challenges of ethnographic research on ethnic and religious minorities, in an authoritarian context in the Russian Federation, conducted by an insider researcher.MethodThe article focuses on the peculiarities of the insider position in the field of research on understudied topics concerning ethnic and religious minorities. These cover issues of influence of national and local academic agendas on the process of the research, credibility management in a highly dynamic political environment, research safety, and the researcher's influence on the field.ResultsThe article identifies three main challenges in doing ethnography in illiberal settings. First, the imposition of oblique political limitations on the research agenda of local researchers creates a form of methodological nationalism, leading to a paucity of research on some critical topics. Second, the continuous introduction of new restrictive legislation not only results in difficulties of accessing the field, but also demands constant reevaluation of the sensitivity of the questionnaire. Respondents often express anxiety while discussing even quotidian practices because it becomes difficult for them to anticipate whether, when, or how new restrictive legislation will be enforced. Thus, they expect insider researchers to be aware of the legal ramifications of their research. Not only does this nullify the author's ability to adopt a stance of naivety, it also means that researchers bear a greater burden in convincing respondents that the information provided will be handled responsibly. Finally, the ethnographer is constantly faced with difficult decisions regarding both scholarly and ethical reliability and, hence, is required to continuously review research ethics in such a dynamic political context. This article offers suggestions for overcoming these difficulties by means of social networking services and constant critical reflexivity.ConclusionAuthoritarian settings pose many challenges to insider researchers. The study of minority groups can be particularly sensitive since illiberal regimes often seek to homogenize their populations and portray minority groups as a threat to justify the state's increasing control over the population. Exploring even mundane, everyday manifestations of ethnicity in such situations can become highly sensitive and raise methodological problems such as limitation of available academic literature and funding, greater responsibility for research and participants’ safety, and forced partisanship.
Relationship of GUN1 to FUG1 in chloroplast protein homeostasis
Authors: Marino Giada , Naranjo Belen , Wang Jing , Penzler Jan‐Ferdinand , Kleine Tatjana , Leister Dario 
Published: April 2019

SummaryGUN1 integrates retrograde signals in chloroplasts but the underlying mechanism is elusive. FUG1, a chloroplast translation initiation factor, and GUN1 are co‐expressed at the transcriptional level, and FUG1 co‐immunoprecipitates with GUN1. We used mutants of GUN1 (gun1‐103) and FUG1 (fug1‐3) to analyse their functional relationship at the physiological and system‐wide level, the latter including transcriptome and proteome analyses. Absence of GUN1 aggravates the effects of decreased FUG1 levels on chloroplast protein translation, resulting in transiently more pronounced phenotypes regarding photosynthesis, leaf colouration, growth and cold acclimation. The gun1‐103 mutation also enhances variegation in the var2 mutant, increasing the fraction of white sectors, while fug1‐3 suppresses the var2 phenotype. The transcriptomes of fug1‐3 and gun1‐103 plants are very similar, but absence of GUN1 alone has almost no effect on protein levels, whereas steady‐state levels of chloroplast proteins are markedly decreased in fug1‐3. In fug1 gun1 double mutants, effects on transcriptomes and particularly on proteomes are enhanced. Our results show that GUN1 function becomes critical when chloroplast proteostasis is perturbed by decreased rates of synthesis (fug1) or degradation (var2) of chloroplast proteins, or by low temperatures. The functions of FUG1 and GUN1 appear to be related, corroborating the view that GUN1 helps to maintain chloroplast protein homeostasis (proteostasis).
CO2‐fixing liquid droplets: Towards a dissection of the microalgal pyrenoid
Authors: Wunder Tobias , Oh Zhen Guo , Mueller‐Cajar Oliver 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCO2 enters the biosphere via the slow, oxygen‐sensitive carboxylase, Rubisco. To compensate, most microalgae saturate Rubisco with its substrate gas through a carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism. This strategy frequently involves compartmentalization of the enzyme in the pyrenoid, a non‐membrane enclosed compartment of the chloroplast stroma. Recently, tremendous advances have been achieved concerning the structure, physical properties, composition and in vitro reconstitution of the pyrenoid matrix from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The discovery of the intrinsically disordered multivalent Rubisco linker protein EPYC1 provided a biochemical framework to explain the subsequent finding that the pyrenoid resembles a liquid droplet in vivo. Reconstitution of the corresponding liquid‐liquid phase separation using pure Rubisco and EPYC1 allowed a detailed characterization of this process. Finally, a large high‐quality dataset of pyrenoidal protein‐protein interactions inclusive of spatial information provides ample substrate for rapid further functional dissection of the pyrenoid. Integrating and extending recent advances will inform synthetic biology efforts towards enhancing plant photosynthesis as well as contribute a versatile model towards experimentally dissecting the biochemistry of enzyme‐containing membraneless organelles.
Rhnull phenotype caused by a novel RHAG mutation, c.945+1G>A, in the Japanese population
Authors: Ushiki Takashi , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Masuko Masayoshi , Kozakai Takashi , Kasami Takuya , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Uchikawa Makoto , Kitajima Toshiki , Kasai Emiko , Komata Tae , Katagiri Takayuki , Kamimura Masami , Sato Kenji , Fuse Ichiro , Ogasawara Kenichi , Nakata Koh 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDThe Rh complex contributes to cell membrane structural integrity of erythrocytes. Rhnull syndrome is characterized by the absence of the Rh antigen on the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in chronic hemolytic anemia. We recently came across 3 Rhnull phenotype probands within two families with the same novel RHAG mutation in the Japanese population.MATERIALS AND METHODSDetailed Rh phenotyping by hemagglutination was performed using monoclonal and polyclonal anti‐D, ‐C, −c, −E, and ‐e; monoclonal and polyclonal anti‐Rh17 antibodies; and polyclonal anti‐Rh29 antibodies. RHAG mRNA transcripts were analyzed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and the mutation was verified by genomic sequencing.RESULTSThe genomic region spanning exon 6 contained a G > A transition in the invariant GT motif of the 5′ donor splice‐site of Intron 6 (c.945+1G>A). The Rhnull phenotype was caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in Probands 1 and 2, determined by family history. Regarding clinical features, the degree of hemolysis varied slightly between these individuals, with Proband 3 displaying acute hemolytic anemia with an infection. While no standard therapy has been established, the condition of the patient in this study improved with conservative treatment, including hydration and antibiotics.CONCLUSIONThe mechanisms of hemolysis due to the Rhnull phenotype can vary, but our findings indicate that acute hemolytic crisis caused by the Rhnull syndrome could be associated with infection.