bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
That was last time! The effect of a delay on children's episodic memories of learning new facts
Authors: Bemis Rhyannon H. , Leichtman Michelle D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurately remembering how and when one's own learning occurs is an important metacognitive skill that matures during the early school years. In two studies, the impact of a delay on this ability was examined. In Study 1, 30 children in two age groups (4‐year‐olds and 5‐year‐olds) participated in two‐staged learning events and were interviewed immediately after each event about the facts they had learned in the events and about how they had acquired them. Children in both age groups learned the facts, but had significant difficulty reporting on their own learning. In Study 2, 79 children in the same age range participated in one staged learning event and were given similar interviews as in Study 1, either immediately after the event or after a 2‐ to 3‐day delay. Five‐year‐olds were more accurate in their memories of learning in the delay condition than in the immediate condition, but 4‐year‐olds showed no performance differences as a function of delay. Findings are interpreted in light of developmental literature on episodic memory, source monitoring, and memory binding.Highlights

How does a delay interval between impact children's ability to accurately recall episodic memories of their own learning?
Children completed staged learning events. Four‐ and five‐year‐olds struggled to recall instances of learning immediately, but five‐year‐olds improved after a delay.
Five‐year‐olds, but not four‐year‐olds, appear to benefit from a moderate delay when recalling learning episodes. This could be due to developments in other metacognitive skills.
Healthcare provider interaction and other predictors of long‐acting reversible contraception adoption among women in Nigeria
Authors: Kalra Naira , Ayankola John , Babalola Stella 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo test the association between healthcare provider communication and adoption of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) among women in Nigeria.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional observational secondary analysis included women aged 18–49 who were interviewed between June 1 and July 31, 2014, at selected family planning sites in Ibadan and Kaduna, Nigeria. A multivariate generalized estimating equation was utilized to assess the predictors of LARC adoption.Results597 women were interviewed, and the study showed that each unit increase on the GATHER index—a self‐reported measure of interaction with the provider—was significantly associated with a 16% increased likelihood (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.32) of adopting LARCs. Joint decision making with a partner (AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.0–2.20), desire to have children in the next 2 years (AOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.74), whether or not a pregnancy in the next 6 months would be a problem (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16–2.46), and LARC use in the past (AOR 4.15, 95% CI 1.19–14.50) were associated with LARC uptake.ConclusionImproved patient–provider communication involving patient preferences, information about all methods of contraception, and planned follow‐up could play a central role in increasing the demand for, and uptake of, LARCs.
Plasma exchange for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia in patients on extracorporeal circuits: A challenging case and a survey of the field
Authors: Cho Joseph H. , Parilla Megan , Treml Angela , Wool Geoffrey D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrent management of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) involves prompt discontinuation of all heparin products and concomitant initiation of a direct thrombin or anti‐Xa inhibitor for anticoagulation. In the setting of HIT complicated by an urgent need for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the safety and the efficacy of short‐term heparin‐based anticoagulation after therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) have been previously demonstrated. Patients with HIT requiring TPE are frequently on extracorporeal circuits (either CPB, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO] or external ventricular assist devices [VADs]). Performing TPE in parallel with these circuits involves additional consideration for circuit size, anticoagulant/citrate management, as well as flow rates, and risk of air embolus. We report a case of a patient with HIT on external biventricular assist device (BiVAD) requiring urgent CPB who experienced thrombotic and hemolytic complications related to anticoagulation management around apheresis line placement for TPE. We also present results from a national survey of academic apheresis services regarding specific practices in managing patients with HIT on extracorporeal circuits who require TPE. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of TPE in patients with HIT on extracorporeal circuits and the risks of this procedure and the need to develop practice guidelines.
Embedding hypertrees into steiner triple systems
Authors: Elliott Bradley , Rödl Vojtěch 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we are interested in the following question: given an arbitrary Steiner triple systemonvertices and any 3‐uniform hypertreeonvertices, is it necessary thatcontainsas a subgraph provided? We show the answer is positive for a class of hypertrees and conjecture that the answer is always positive.
THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF A COMMUNITY‐BASED INTERVENTION WITH MEXICAN‐HERITAGE PARENTS IN BOOSTING THE EFFECTS OF A SUBSTANCE USE PREVENTION INTERVENTION WITH YOUTH
Authors: Marsiglia Flavio F. , Ayers Stephanie L. , Robbins Danielle , Nagoshi Julie , Baldwin‐White Adrienne , Castro Felipe González 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDrawing from an ecodevelopmental framework, this article examines if adding a parenting component, Families Preparing the New Generation (Familias Preparando la Nueva Generación), to an efficacious classroom‐based drug abuse prevention intervention, keepin'it REAL, will boost the effects of the youth intervention in preventing substance use for middle school Mexican‐heritage students. Youth attending schools in a large urban area in the Southwestern U.S. (N = 462) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: parent and youth, youth only, or control. Using ordinary least squares regression, changes in youth substance use outcomes were examined. Results indicate that youth whose parents also participated in prevention programming exhibited significantly lower use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and inhalants compared to youth who received only keepin'it REAL. These initial effects indicate that involving parents in prevention efforts can strengthen the overall efficacy of a youth prevention intervention. This article discusses specific implications for the design of prevention interventions, policy, and future research.
Women's Empowerment in Ecuador: Differentiating the Impact of Two Interventions
Authors: Ponce Juan , Ramos‐Martin Jesus , Intriago Ruthy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of two interventions on women's empowerment in Ecuador using an experimental design. Women's empowerment is operationalized by using two metrics: first, the participation of women in the decision process at household level and, second, the disagreements between men and women in the decision process. We find negative effects of both interventions on women's participation on the decision‐making process at household level. However, we do find positive effects on disagreements regarding women's work and use of contraceptives, as well as positive effects of vouchers on disagreements on large food purchases and large assets purchases. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The integument of the nonamphibious goby Gobionellus oceanicus: Its functional morphology and respiratory capacity
Authors: Aguilar Letícia , Leite Rebeca Nuno , Ferreira Cleomárcia Almeida , da Cruz André Luis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFacultative air‐breathing fish can exchange respiratory gases using an air‐breathing organ (ABO), such as the oral cavity of the integument, during environmental hypoxia. The goby Gobionellus oceanicus inhabits areas subject to environmental hypoxia; however, its ABO is unknown. To investigate the respiratory potential of G. oceanicus, the gill and integument surface area, diffusion capacity, and their diffusion barrier thickness were measured. Our results show that although gill surface area is smaller than observed in other facultative air‐breathing fish, but it has all features necessary to perform aquatic gas exchange. Additionally the integument of the palate has a short diffusion barrier thickness and a large calculated O2‐diffusion capacity suggesting that it functions as the ABO.
Quantitative radiomic biomarkers for discrimination between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ma Xiaoxiao , Zhang Liwen , Huang Dehui , Lyu Jinhao , Fang Mengjie , Hu Jianxing , Zang Yali , Zhang Dekang , Shao Hang , Ma Lin , Tian Jie , Dong Di , Lou Xin 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundPrecise diagnosis and early appropriate treatment are of importance to reduce neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) morbidity. Distinguishing NMOSD from MS based on clinical manifestations and neuroimaging remains challenging.PurposeTo investigate radiomic signatures as potential imaging biomarkers for distinguishing NMOSD from MS, and to develop and validate a diagnostic radiomic‐signature‐based nomogram for individualized disease discrimination.Study TypeRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.SubjectsSeventy‐seven NMOSD patients and 73 MS patients.Field Strength/Sequence3T/T2‐weighted imaging.AssessmentEighty‐eight patients and 62 patients were respectively enrolled in the primary and validation cohorts. Quantitative radiomic features were automatically extracted from lesioned regions on T2‐weighted imaging. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of features. Finally, we constructed a radiomic nomogram for disease discrimination.Statistical TestsFeatures were compared using the Mann–WhitneyU‐test with a nonnormal distribution. We depicted the nomogram on the basis of the results of the logistic regression using the rms package in R. The Hmisc package was used to investigate the performance of the nomogram via Harrell's C‐index.ResultsA total of 273 quantitative radiomic features were extracted from lesions. A multivariable analysis selected 11 radiomic features and five clinical features to be included in the model. The radiomic signature (P< 0.001 for both the primary and validation cohorts) showed good potential for building a classification model for disease discrimination. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9880 for the training cohort and 0.9363 for the validation cohort. The nomogram exhibited good discrimination, a concordance index of 0.9363, and good calibration in the primary cohort. The nomogram showed similar discrimination, concordance (0.9940), and calibration in the validation cohort.Data ConclusionThe diagnostic radiomic‐signature‐based nomogram has potential utility for individualized disease discrimination of NMOSD from MS in clinical practice.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1113–1121.
Ultrasonication‐assisted spray ionization‐based micro‐reactors for online monitoring of fast chemical reactions by mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Te‐Yu , Wu Min‐Li , Chen Yu‐Chie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicrofluidics can be used to handle relatively small volumes of samples and to conduct reactions in microliter‐sized volumes. Electrospray ionization can couple microfluidics with mass spectrometry (MS) to monitor chemical reactions online. However, fabricating microfluidic chips is time‐consuming. We herein propose the use of a micro‐reactor that is sustained by two capillaries and an ultrasonicator. The inlets of the capillaries were individually immersed to two different sample vials that were subjected to the ultrasonicator. The tapered outlets of the two capillaries were placed cross with an angle of ~60° close to the inlet of the mass spectrometer to fuse the eluents. On the basis of capillary action and ultrasonication, the samples from the two capillaries can be continuously directed to the capillary outlets and fuse simultaneously to generate gas phase ions for MS analysis through ultrasonication‐assisted spray ionization (UASI). Any electric contact applied on the capillaries is not required. Nevertheless, UASI spray derived from the eluents can readily occur in front of the mass spectrometer. That is, a micro‐reactor was created from the fusing of the eluent containing different reactants from these two UASI capillaries, allowing reactions to be conducted in situ. The solvent in the fused droplets was evaporated quickly, and the product ions could be immediately observed by MS because of the extreme rise in the concentration of the reactants. For proof of concept, pyrazole synthesis reaction and cortisone derivatization by Girard T reagent were selected as the model reactions. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using UASI‐based micro‐reactor for online MS analysis to detect reaction intermediates and products.
Primary tumor location in stage III colon cancer has prognostic impact on subsequent liver metastasis
Authors: Liao Chun‐Kai , Chiang Jy‐Ming , Tsai Wen‐Sy , You Jeng‐Fu , Hsieh Pao‐Shiu , Hung Hsin‐Yuan , Chen Hong‐Hwa , Tang Rei‐Ping , Chen Jinn‐Shiun , Yeh Chien‐Yuh 
Published: November 2018

Background and ObjectivesWe aim to investigate whether a difference exists between right‐sided and left‐sided colon cancer at the same disease stage and subsequent liver metastasis and identify whether tumor location can independently influence survival.MethodsRight‐sided colon cancer was defined as malignancy arising from the cecum to the transverse colon; left‐sided colon cancer was defined as malignancy arising from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon. Clinicopathological features and survival data were collected for analysis.ResultsOverall, 1442 patients were included for analysis. The median follow‐up time was 58.2 months. Patients with left‐sided colon cancer had better 5‐year overall survival (75.2% vs 61.7%, P = 0.005), 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (81.6% vs 73.4%,
P = 0.001), and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (70.9% vs 66.5%,
P = 0.033) compared with patients having right‐sided colon cancer. After the presentation of subsequent liver metastasis, patients with primary left‐sided colon cancer had better 3‐year cancer‐specific survival (
P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, cancer location was an independent prognostic factor for cancer‐specific survival (right vs left, HR: 1.276, 95% CI: 1.002‐1.625).ConclusionsThe primary tumor location can serve as a prognostic factor for treatment outcomes either in primary stage III colon cancer or subsequent liver metastasis.
Measurement reliability of phonation threshold pressure in pediatric subjects
Authors: Hoffman Matthew R. , Scholp Austin J. , Hedberg Calvin D. , Lamb Jim R. , Braden Maia N. , McMurray J. Scott , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisPhonation threshold pressure (PTP), the minimum subglottal pressure (Ps) required for phonation, is sensitive to changes in laryngeal biomechanics and is often elevated with pathology. Little is reported on PTP in children; challenges with task performance and measurement reliability represent barriers to routine clinical assessment.Study DesignPilot study evaluating PTP and Ps measurement reliability in children using labial and mechanical interruption.MethodsTwenty‐two subjects aged 4 to 17 years (10.7 ± 3.9 years) participated. Ten trials were performed for each method; task order was randomized. For labial interruption, subjects produced /pα/ five times at softest (onset PTP) and comfortable amplitude. For mechanical interruption, subjects produced a sustained /α/ while a balloon valve interrupted phonation five times for 250 ms each; mechanical interruption was performed with a mouthpiece and mask. PTP was recorded as the difference between Ps and supraglottal pressure at phonation cessation (offset PTP). Mean PTP and Ps and intrasubject coefficients of variation were compared. Correlations with age were evaluated.ResultsMean PTP (P < .001) and Ps (P = .005) were higher for labial interruption. Intrasubject coefficients of variation for PTP (P = .554) and Ps (P = .305) were similar across methods. Coefficient of variation was related to age for mechanical‐mask trials only (r = −0.628, P = .00175).ConclusionsDifferences in means are likely related to differences in task and PTP hysteresis effect. Reliability is comparable with all methods; using a mouthpiece may be preferable to a mask for mechanical interruption. Measurement of PTP is noninvasive, reliable, and may be a useful adjunct in pediatric voice assessment.Level of Evidence3bLaryngoscope, 129:1520–1526, 2019
Impact of pretreatment growth on Tumor control for vestibular schwannomas following gamma knife
Authors: Chang Joseph , Breshears Jonathan D. , Molinaro Annette M. , Sneed Penny K. , McDermott Michael W. , Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Tward Aaron D. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if volumetric growth prior to gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery predicts long‐term tumor control.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsSporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) treated with GK between 2002 and 2014 at a single tertiary care center were identified. Patients were included if they had over 6 months of pretreatment observation and over 1.5 years of posttreatment follow‐up. Volumetric tumor analysis was performed on T1 postcontrast imaging. Pretreatment and posttreatment volume change was calculated. Tumors with over 20% volume increase were classified as growing.ResultsThere were 62 patients included in this study; 48 had pretreatment growth and 14 had no pretreatment growth. Median tumor volume was 0.58 ± 1.8 cm3 and median follow‐up was 3.3 ± 2.0 years. For tumors with and without pretreatment growth, salvage treatment rates were 2% and 7% (P = .35), and posttreatment radiologic stability rates were 73% and 86%, respectively (P = .33). Median pretreatment growth was 27 ± 33% per year for tumors with posttreatment radiographic growth and 18 ± 26% per year for tumors without posttreatment radiographic growth (P = .99).ConclusionsPretreatment growth was not associated with increased salvage treatment or posttreatment radiographic progression rates in VS following GK.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:743–747, 2019
Subglottic stenosis: An evaluation of an elderly treatment‐seeking population
Authors: Collins Alissa M. , Chorath Kevin , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the demographics, etiology, intraoperative findings, and treatment outcomes of patients with subglottic stenosis (SGS), comparing those patients aged <65 years to an elderly population aged ≥65 years.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsNine‐year retrospective review of patients with SGS. Forty‐eight adults presented for evaluation and treatment of SGS between January 2008 and December 2016. At the time of presentation, 41 were aged <65 years and seven were aged ≥65 years.ResultsComparing the aged <65 years group to the aged ≥65 years group, the etiology was idiopathic SGS in 50.0% versus 42.8%, intubation‐related SGS in 22.5% versus 28.6%, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis in 27.5% versus 28.6%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was noted in the two groups when comparing the demographics, etiology, treatment, intraoperative findings, or intertreatment interval (ITI).ConclusionsWe sought to analyze an older patient population with SGS and found no statistically significant differences compared to a younger population. ITI trended toward older patients requiring surgery more frequently but was not significant.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:1155–1158, 2019
Canal wall up surgery with mastoid and epitympanic obliteration in acquired cholesteatoma
Authors: Hellingman Catharine A. , Geerse Simon , de Wolf Maarten J. F. , Ebbens Fenna A. , van Spronsen Erik 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to evaluate surgical outcome and residual and recurrence rates of canal wall up (CWU) surgery with obliteration of the mastoid and epitympanum.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study in a tertiary referral center.MethodsPatients with (sequelae of) acquired cholesteatoma treated with primary or revision CWU surgery with obliteration of the epitympanum and mastoid were identified retrospectively from 2010 to 2014. Obliteration was performed with cartilage chips or a periosteal midtemporal flap in combination with bone pâté and/or hydroxyapatite. Patients were followed up with micro‐otoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI).ResultsNinety‐nine ears in 96 patients were managed with obliteration of the epitympanum and mastoid following CWU surgery. Mean postoperative follow‐up was 39.6 (standard deviation [SD] = 16.3). Mean follow‐up until the last MRI‐DWI was 29.7 months (SD = 16.0). In total, 74 ears in 72 adult patients (mean age = 46.8 years) were operated and 25 ears in 24 pediatric patients (mean age = 12.8 years). The overall recurrence rate was 7.1%, and the residual rate was 7.1%. In comparison, before the introduction of obliteration, the residual rate in our clinic was 24.4% and the recurrence rate 39.7%. After CWU surgery with obliteration, recurrence in pediatric patients (16.0%) was more frequent than in adults (4.1%). Although this difference was not statistically significant, a trend was observed (P = .066).ConclusionsObliteration of the epitympanum and mastoid is a reliable and safe technique following CWU surgery for cholesteatoma, resulting in low residual and recurrence rates.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:981–985, 2019
Triacylglycerol‐Lowering Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Not Influenced by Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Humans
Authors: AbuMweis Suhad S. , Panchal Sunil K. , Jones Peter J. H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe triacylglycerol (TAG)‐lowering effects of long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids, and in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are well documented, although these effects manifest large interindividual variability. The objective of this secondary analysis is to investigate whether common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes involved in DHA synthesis and TAG metabolism are associated with the responsiveness of blood lipids, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentration to dietary treatment by DHA supplied in high‐oleic canola oil (HOCO). In a randomized, crossover‐controlled feeding trial, 129 subjects with metabolic syndrome received high‐oleic canola oil (HOCO) and high‐oleic canola oil supplemented with DHA (HOCO‐DHA), each for 4 weeks. During the HOCO‐DHA phase, the intake of DHA ranged from 1 to 2.5 g/day. The subjects were genotyped for apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms, and SNP including FADS1‐rs174561, FADS2‐rs174583, ELOVL2‐rs953413, ELOVL5‐rs2397142, CETP‐rs5882, SCD1‐rs2234970, PPARA‐rs6008259, and LIPF‐rs814628 were selected as important genes controlling fatty acid metabolism. Overall, consumption of HOCO‐DHA oil reduced blood concentrations of TAG by 24% compared to HOCO oil. The reduction in TAG was independent of genetic variations in the studied genes. Similarly, no treatment‐by‐gene interactions were evident in the response to other lipids, lipoproteins, or apolipoproteins to DHA supplementation. Nevertheless, a lower interindividual variation in the TAG response to DHA supplementation compared to other studies was observed in this analysis. The TAG‐lowering effect of a supplemental body‐weight‐based dose of DHA was not influenced by genetic variations in APOE, FADS1, FADS2, ELOVL2, ELOVL5, CETP, SCD1, PPARA, and LIPF.