bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropic Concepts
Authors: Weiskopf Daniel A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNatural kind concepts have the function of tracking categories that exist independently of our beliefs and purposes. But not all ways of tracking categories in the natural world involve conceiving of them as natural kinds. Anthropic concepts represent groups of natural, mind‐independent entities that are apt for serving various human interests, goals, and projects. They represent the natural world under a practical mode of presentation, as a set of material resources that can be transformed to further a host of functions and ends. I argue that cross‐cultural studies of traditional ecological knowledge provide evidence that many chemical, mineral, and biological concepts that are frequently taken to be natural kind concepts turn out on closer inspection to be anthropic concepts. Anthropic concepts are distinguished from artifact concepts, and a form of realism about the anthropic kinds that they refer to is defended.
Whole‐transcriptome analysis reveals genetic factors underlying flowering time regulation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Shah Smit , Weinholdt Claus , Jedrusik Nicole , Molina Carlos , Zou Jun , Große Ivo , Schiessl Sarah , Jung Christian , Emrani Nazgol 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus L.), one of the most important sources of vegetable oil and protein‐rich meals worldwide, is adapted to different geographical regions by modification of flowering time. Rapeseed cultivars have different day length and vernalization requirements, which categorize them into winter, spring, and semiwinter ecotypes. To gain a deeper insight into genetic factors controlling floral transition in B. napus, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) in the semiwinter doubled haploid line, Ningyou7, at different developmental stages and temperature regimes. The expression profiles of more than 54,000 gene models were compared between different treatments and developmental stages, and the differentially expressed genes were considered as targets for association analysis and genetic mapping to confirm their role in floral transition. Consequently, 36 genes with association to flowering time, seed yield, or both were identified. We found novel indications for neofunctionalization in homologs of known flowering time regulators like VIN3 and FUL. Our study proved the potential of RNA‐seq along with association analysis and genetic mapping to identify candidate genes for floral transition in rapeseed. The candidate genes identified in this study could be subjected to genetic modification or targeted mutagenesis and genotype building to breed rapeseed adapted to certain environments.
IgA‐dominant extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis following Escherichia coli sepsis in a renal transplant recipient
Authors: Basic‐Jukic Nikolina , Coric Marijana , Kastelan Zeljko 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPostinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) generally occurs in association with staphylococcal infection. We present the first reported case of IgA‐dominant PIGN after Escherichia coli infection in a renal‐transplant recipient. A 65‐year‐old patient with stable allograft function and E. coli urosepsis was treated with ciprofloxacin for 2 weeks with excellent response. One week later he developed proteinuria 16 g/day. Renal biopsy finding revealed IgA‐dominant PIGN. He received steroid pulses and intravenous imunoglobulins without effect and had started with hemodialysis.
Cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in seropositive renal transplant recipients receiving thymoglobulin induction therapy: Outcome and risk factors for late CMV disease
Authors: Reusing Jose O. , Feitosa Emanoela B. , Agena Fabiana , Pierrotti Lígia C. , Azevedo Luiz S. F. , Kotton Camille N. , David‐Neto Elias 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) therapy is a risk factor for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in renal transplant (RTx) recipients and therefore antiviral prophylaxis is commonly used. We evaluated the outcome of our current policy of 90 days of CMV prophylaxis in seropositive recipients given ATG and the risk factors for the occurrence of CMV disease after prophylaxis.MethodsWe studied a retrospective cohort of 423 RTx (2010‐2014) CMV‐seropositive adults given ATG induction therapy.Results54 (13%) patients developed CMV disease at a median of 163 days after transplant, of which 29 (54%) had viral syndrome and 25 (46%) had invasive disease. Median prophylaxis time (94 days) and immunosuppressive drugs were similar between groups (CMV vs no‐CMV). Those with CMV disease had more deceased donors and higher donor age, lower lymphocyte count, and lower median eGFR at day 90. Multivariable logistic regression analysis at day 90 and 180 found that eGFR ≤40 ml/min/1.73 m2 (but not acute rejection) was associated with late CMV disease. In a separate validation cohort of 124 patients with 8% late CMV disease, eGFR ≤45 and lymphocyte count ≤800 cells/mm3 at the end of prophylaxis remained predictive of late CMV disease occurrence.ConclusionsThese data indicate that antiviral prophylaxis adequately prevented CMV in seropositive recipients given ATG, but late disease still occurred. Low eGFR and low lymphocyte count at the end of prophylaxis may help identify patients at higher risk of CMV disease.
Management of immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant recipients who develop bloodstream infection
Authors: Bartoletti Michele , Vandi Giacomo , Furii Francesca , Bertuzzo Valentina , Ambretti Simone , Tedeschi Sara , Pascale Renato , Cristini Francesco , Campoli Caterina , Morelli Maria Cristina , Cescon Matteo , Pinna Antonio Daniele , Viale Pierluigi , Giannella Maddalena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundData about the optimal management of immunosuppressive therapy in liver transplant (LT) recipients with bloodstream infection (BSI) are missing. We aimed to describe the management of immunosuppressive therapy at diagnosis of BSI in LT recipients and to assess its impact on 28‐day mortality.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective study of all LT recipients diagnosed with BSI, over 10‐year period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors for all cause 28‐day mortality was adjusted for the propensity score of being managed with “any reduction” in immunosuppressive therapy at the diagnosis of BSI.ResultsWe identified 209 episodes of BSI in 157 LT recipients: 107 (68%) male, median age 54 (IQR 48‐63) years. “Any reduction” was made in 90 (43%) cases including: dosage reduction of ≥1 immunosuppressive drug in 31 (15%), discontinuation of ≥1 immunosuppressive drug in 28 (13%), both dosage reduction and discontinuation in 13 (6%), complete withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy in 18 (9%) cases. All‐cause 28‐day mortality rate was 13.4%, varying from 22% to 7% (P = .002) in cases with and without “any reduction”. Cox regression showed septic shock (aHR 3.15, P = .007) and “any reduction” (aHR 2.50, P = .02) as independent risk factors for all‐cause 28‐day mortality, while Escherichia coli (aHR 0.38, P = .03) and source control (aHR 0.43, P = .04) were protective factors. The final model did not change after the introduction of the propensity score for “any reduction”.ConclusionsAny reduction in the immunosuppressive therapy was common and was associated with worse outcome in LT recipients developing BSI.
Screening Coccidioides serology in kidney transplant recipients: A 10‐year cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Phonphok Korntip , Beaird Omer , Duong Tin , Datta Nakul , Schaenman Joanna , Bunnapradist Suphamai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at risk for reactivation and complicated infection due to Coccidioides. Pre‐transplant serological screening should provide benefit for patients from endemic areas. We evaluated Coccidioides seroprevalence by area of residence in KTRs at a major transplant program in Los Angeles.MethodsWe performed cross‐sectional analyses of adult KTRs who underwent transplantation at UCLA between 2007‐2016. Patients with Coccidioides serology by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) before or within 14 days from transplantation were included. Patients were classified as living in highly, established, suspected, or not endemic areas by their residential zip code.ResultsOverall prevalence of Coccidioides IgG and IgM were 1.4% and 2.8%, respectively. Of patients with positive serology, 31.4% had isolated IgG and 66.3% isolated IgM. Patients from established and highly endemic areas had IgG seropositivity of 3.7% versus 1.3% for patients living in suspected endemic areas(P < .01). Rates of IgM seropositivity were 3.7% compared to 2.8% respectively (P = .28). No patients from non‐endemic areas had positive screening serology.ConclusionsPre‐transplant serological screening for Coccidioides is recommended in kidney transplant candidates from endemic areas. We observed high seroprevalence among patients from highly and established endemic areas, for whom universal prophylaxis is recommended. For residents from less well‐established areas of endemicity, serological screening showed benefit in identifying patients at risk. In patients with isolated EIA IgM, performing repeat and confirmatory tests is recommended. Patients from non‐endemic areas had low risk of infection, however, a thorough social history is necessary to evaluate risk.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Johnson Patricia 
Published: May 2018

Studies in Media and Communication (SMC) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether SMC publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 1 Antonio García Gómez, University of Alcalá de Henares, SpainAslı Sezgin, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, TurkeyCamelia Cmeciu, Danubius University of Galati, RomaniaCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Politècnica de València, SpainChristos Giannoulis, University of the Aegean, GreeceDiego Santos Vieira de Jesus, International Relations, BrazilDorina Ticu, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, RomaniaJavier Serrano Puche, University of Navarra, SpainKaterina Diamantaki, Hellenic Open University, GreeceNdoma Brown, Cross River University of Technology, NigeriaNuran E. Isik, Izmir University of Economics, Turkey Philemon Bantimaroudis, University of the Aegean, GreeceRefat Aljumily, Newcastle University, UKSheila Pontis, University of the Arts London, USASimone Tosoni, Catholic University of Milan, Italy Patricia JohnsonEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Studies in Media and CommunicationRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://smc.redfame.com
Error-Correction Processing in Timing Lights for Measuring Sprint Performance: Does It Work?
Authors: Altmann Stefan , Ringhof Steffen , Becker Benedikt , Woll Alexander , Neumann Rainer 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: To investigate if error-correction-processing (ECP) algorithms in timing lights are able to eliminate or reduce measurement errors (MEs) and false signals due to swinging arms or legs. Methods: First, a dummy was used to check if ECP generally works. Second, 15 male sport students performed sprints over 5 and 10 m. Timing lights with ECP and a high-speed camera as a gold standard were used to simultaneously capture the athletes when passing the timing lights at start, 5 m, and 10 m. MEs of the timing lights were calculated for hip and upper body. Results: The dummy condition revealed that ECP is able to eliminate MEs. In real sprint conditions, MEs were highest for timing light at start and when using the hip as a reference. Overall, out of 120 trials, only 4 false signals were not detected by ECP. They all occurred at the start timing light, with highest MEs being 0.263 s (hip) and 0.134 s (upper body). Regarding 5 and 10 m, all false signals were eliminated. Conclusions: As proven through video analyses, ECP eliminated almost all false signals. The largest MEs at the start timing light were associated with a distinct forward leaning of the athletes. Therefore, clear instructions concerning starting posture should be given to further improve measurement accuracy of the start timing light. This approach could also enhance comparisons between athletes. Nevertheless, based on the results, timing lights employing ECP can be recommended for measuring short sprints.
The Reliability of 4-Minute and 20-Minute Time Trials and Their Relationships to Functional Threshold Power in Trained Cyclists
Authors: MacInnis Martin J. , Thomas Aaron C.Q. , Phillips Stuart M. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The mean power output (MPO) from a 60-min time trial (TT)—also known as functional threshold power, or FTP—is a standard measure of cycling performance; however, shorter performance tests are desirable to reduce the burden of performance testing. The authors sought to determine the reliability of 4- and 20-min TTs and the extent to which these short TTs were associated with 60-min MPO. Methods: Trained male cyclists (n = 8; age = 25 [5] y;  = 71 [5] mL/kg/min) performed two 4-min TTs, two 20-min TTs, and one 60-min TT. Critical power (CP) was estimated from 4- and 20-min TTs. The typical error of the mean (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess reliability, and R2 values were calculated to assess relationships with 60-min MPO. Results: Pairs of 4-min TTs (mean: 417 [SD: 45] W vs 412 [49] W, P = .25; TEM = 8.1 W; ICC = .98), 20-min TTs (342 [36] W vs 344 [33] W, P = .41; TEM = 4.6 W; ICC = .99), and CP estimates (323 [35] W vs 328 [32] W, P = .25; TEM = 6.5; ICC = .98) were reliable. The 4-min MPO (R2 = .95), 20-min MPO (R2 = .92), estimated CP (R2 = .82), and combination of the 4- and 20-min MPO (adjusted R2 = .98) were strongly associated with the 60-min MPO (309 [26] W). Conclusion: The 4- and 20-min TTs appear useful for assessing performance in trained, if not elite, cyclists.
Countermovement Jump Recovery in Professional Soccer Players Using an Inertial Sensor
Authors: McHugh Malachy P. , Clifford Tom , Abbott Will , Kwiecien Susan Y. , Kremenic Ian J. , DeVita Joseph J. , Howatson Glyn 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: To assess the utility of an inertial sensor for assessing recovery in professional soccer players. Methods: In a randomized, crossover design, 11 professional soccer players wore shorts fitted with phase change material (PCM) cooling packs or uncooled packs (control) for 3 h after a 90-min match. Countermovement jump (CMJ) performance was assessed simultaneously with an inertial sensor and an optoelectric system: prematch and 12, 36, and 60 h postmatch. Inertial sensor metrics were flight height, jump height, low force, countermovement distance, force at low point, rate of eccentric force development, peak propulsive force, maximum power, and peak landing force. The only optoelectric metric was flight height. CMJ decrements and the effect of PCM cooling were assessed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Jump heights were also compared between devices. Results: For the inertial sensor data, there were decrements in CMJ height on the days after matches (88% [10%] of baseline at 36 h, P = .012, effect size = 1.2, for control condition) and accelerated recovery with PCM cooling (105% [15%] of baseline at 36 h, P = .018 vs control, effect size = 1.1). Flight heights were strongly correlated between devices (r = .905, P < .001), but inertial sensor values were 1.8 [1.8] cm lower (P = .008). Low force during countermovement was increased (P = .031) and landing force was decreased (P = .043) after matches, but neither was affected by the PCM cooling intervention. Other CMJ metrics were unchanged after matches. Conclusions: This small portable inertial sensor provides a practical means of assessing recovery in soccer players.
Running Economy: Neuromuscular and Joint-Stiffness Contributions in Trained Runners
Authors: Tam Nicholas , Tucker Ross , Santos-Concejero Jordan , Prins Danielle , Lamberts Robert P. 
Published: May 2018

Context: It is debated whether running biomechanics make good predictors of running economy, with little known about the neuromuscular and joint-stiffness contributions to economical running gait. Purpose: To understand the relationship between certain neuromuscular and spatiotemporal biomechanical factors associated with running economy. Methods: Thirty trained runners performed a 6-min constant-speed running set at 3.3 m·s−1, where oxygen consumption was assessed. Overground running trials were also performed at 3.3 m·s−1 to assess kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity. Spatiotemporal gait variables, joint stiffness, preactivation, and stance-phase muscle activity (gluteus medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius lateralis and medius) were variables of specific interest and thus determined. In addition, preactivation and ground contact of agonist–antagonist coactivation were calculated. Results: More economical runners presented with short ground-contact times (r = .639, P < .001) and greater stride frequencies (r = −.630, P < .001). Lower ankle and greater knee stiffness were associated with lower oxygen consumption (r = .527, P = .007 and r = .384, P = .043, respectively). Only lateral gastrocnemius–tibialis anterior coactivation during stance was associated with lower oxygen cost of transport (r = .672, P < .0001). Conclusions: Greater muscle preactivation and biarticular muscle activity during stance were associated with more economical runners. Consequently, trained runners who exhibit greater neuromuscular activation prior to and during ground contact, in turn optimizing spatiotemporal variables and joint stiffness, will be the most economical runners.
Changes in Posture Following a Single Session of Long-Duration Water Immersion
Authors: Glass Stephen M. , Rhea Christopher K. , Wittstein Matthew W. , Ross Scott E. , Florian John P. , Haran F.J. 
Published: May 2018

Transitioning between different sensory environments is known to affect sensorimotor function and postural control. Water immersion presents a novel environmental stimulus common to many professional and recreational pursuits, but is not well-studied with regard to its sensorimotor effects upon transitioning back to land. The authors investigated the effects of long-duration water immersion on terrestrial postural control outcomes in veteran divers. Eleven healthy men completed a 6-hour thermoneutral pool dive (4.57 m) breathing diver air. Center of pressure was observed before and 15 minutes after the dive under 4 conditions: (1) eyes open/stable surface (Open-Stable); (2) eyes open/foam surface (Open-Foam); (3) eyes closed/stable surface (Closed-Stable); and (4) eyes closed/foam surface (Closed-Foam). Postdive decreases in postural sway were observed in all testing conditions except for Open-Stable. The specific pattern of center of pressure changes in the postdive window is consistent with (1) a stiffening/overregulation of the ankle strategy during Open-Foam, Closed-Stable, and Closed-Foam or (2) acute upweighting of vestibular input along with downweighting of somatosensory, proprioceptive, and visual inputs. Thus, our findings suggest that postimmersion decreases in postural sway may have been driven by changes in weighting of sensory inputs and associated changes in balance strategy following adaptation to the aquatic environment.
Difference Between Male and Female Ice Hockey Players in Muscle Activity, Timing, and Head Kinematics During Sudden Head Perturbations
Authors: Debison-Larabie Chadwick , Murphy Bernadette A. , Holmes Michael W.R. 
Published: May 2018

This study examined sex differences in head kinematics and neck muscle activity during sudden head perturbations. Sixteen competitive ice hockey players participated. Three muscles were monitored bilaterally using surface electromyography: sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and splenius capitis. Head and thorax kinematics were measured. Head perturbations were induced by the release of a 1.5-kg weight attached to a wire wrapped around an adjustable pulley secured to the participant’s head. Perturbations were delivered in 4 directions (flexion, extension, right lateral bend, and left lateral bend). Muscle onset times, muscle activity, and head kinematics were examined during 3 time periods (2 preperturbation and 1 postperturbation). Females had significantly greater head acceleration during left lateral bend (31.4%, P < .05) and flexion (37.9%, P = .01). Females had faster muscle onset times during flexion (females = 51 ± 11 ms; males = 61 ± 10 ms; P = .001) and slower onset times during left lateral bend and extension. Females had greater left/right sternocleidomastoid and scalene activity during extension (P = .01), with no difference in head acceleration. No consistent neuromuscular strategy could explain all directional sex differences. Females had greater muscle activity postperturbation during extension, suggesting a neuromuscular response to counter sudden acceleration, possibly explaining the lack of head acceleration differences.
Clinical and Biological Features of Cutibacterium (Formerly Propionibacterium)avidum, an Underrecognized Microorganism
Authors: Corvec Stéphane 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYThe recent description of the genusCutibacteriumhas altered the taxonomy ofPropionibacteriumspecies. These organisms still belong to the genera of the skin coryneform group, and the most-studied species remainsCutibacterium acnes.Cutibacterium avidumis also a known skin commensal. This underrecognized microorganism can, however, act as a pathogen after bacterial seeding and can be considered opportunistic, causing either superficial or deep/invasive infections. It can cause numerous infections, including but not limited to breast infections, skin abscesses, infective endocarditis, and device-related infections. The ecological niche ofC. avidumis clearly different from that of other members of the genus: it is found in the axillary region or at wet sites rather than in dry, exposed areas, and the number of microorganisms increases during puberty. Historically, it has been used for its ability to modulate the immune response and for its antitumor properties. Conventional microbial culture methods and identification processes allow for its accurate identification and characterization. Thanks to the modern omics tools used for phylogenomic approaches, understandingC. avidumpathogenesis (including host-bacterium interactions and virulence factor characterization) is becoming easier, allowing for more thorough molecular characterization. These analyses have revealed thatC. avidumcauses diverse diseases mediated by multiple virulence factors. The recent genome approach has revealed specific genomic regions within this species that are involved in adherence and biofilm formation as well as fitness, survival, and defense functions. Numerous regions show the presence of phages and horizontal gene transfer.C. avidumremains highly sensitive to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, such as β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and rifampin, although erythromycin and clindamycin resistance has been described. A long-term treatment regimen with a combination of antibiotics is required to successfully eliminate the remaining adherent bacteria, particularly in the case of deep infections after debridement surgery.