bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Packable Springs
Authors: Wolff Katja , Poranne Roi , Glauser Oliver , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLaser cutting is an appealing fabrication process due to the low cost of materials and extremely fast fabrication. However, the design space afforded by laser cutting is limited, since only flat panels can be cut. Previous methods for manufacturing from flat sheets usually roughly approximate 3D objects by polyhedrons or cross sections. Computational design methods for connecting, interlocking, or folding several laser cut panels have been introduced; to obtain a good approximation, these methods require numerous parts and long assembly times. In this paper, we propose a radically different approach: Our approximation is based on cutting thin, planar spirals out of flat panels. When such spirals are pulled apart, they take on the shape of a 3D spring whose contours are similar to the input object. We devise an optimization problem that aims to minimize the number of required parts, thus reducing costs and fabrication time, while at the same time ensuring that the resulting spring mimics the shape of the original object. In addition to rapid fabrication and assembly, our method enables compact packaging and storage as flat parts. We also demonstrate its use for creating armatures for sculptures and moulds for filling, with potential applications in architecture or construction.
Real‐time Locomotion Controller using an Inverted‐Pendulum‐based Abstract Model
Authors: Hwang Jaepyung , Kim Jongmin , Suh Il Hong , Kwon Taesoo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel motion controller for the online generation of natural character locomotion that adapts to new situations such as changing user control or applying external forces. This controller continuously estimates the next footstep while walking and running, and automatically switches the stepping strategy based on situational changes. To develop the controller, we devise a new physical model called an inverted‐pendulum‐based abstract model (IPAM). The proposed abstract model represents high‐dimensional character motions, inheriting the naturalness of captured motions by estimating the appropriate footstep location, speed and switching time at every frame. The estimation is achieved by a deep learning based regressor that extracts important features in captured motions. To validate the proposed controller, we train the model using captured motions of a human stopping, walking, and running in a limited space. Then, the motion controller generates human‐like locomotion with continuously varying speeds, transitions between walking and running, and collision response strategies in a cluttered space in real time.
Practical Radiometric Compensation for Projection Display on Textured Surfaces using a Multidimensional Model
Authors: Li Yuqi , Majumder Aditi , Gopi M. , Wang Chong , Zhao Jieyu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRadiometric compensation methods remove the effect of the underlying spatially varying surface reflectance of the texture when projecting on textured surfaces. All prior work sample the surface reflectance dependent radiometric transfer function from the projector to the camera at every pixel that requires the camera to observe tens or hundreds of images projected by the projector. In this paper, we cast the radiometric compensation problem as a sampling and reconstruction of multi‐dimensional radiometric transfer function that models the color transfer function from the projector to an observing camera and the surface reflectance in a unified manner. Such a multi‐dimensional representation makes no assumption about linearity of the projector to camera color transfer function and can therefore handle projectors with non‐linear color transfer functions(e.g. DLP, LCOS, LED‐based or laser‐based). We show that with a well‐curated sampling of this multi‐dimensional function, achieved by exploiting the following key properties, is adequate for its accurate representation: (a) the spectral reflectance of most real‐world materials are smooth and can be well‐represented using a lower‐dimension function; (b) the reflectance properties of the underlying texture have strong redundancies – for example, multiple pixels or even regions can have similar surface reflectance; (c) the color transfer function from the projector to camera have strong input coherence. The proposed sampling allows us to reduce the number of projected images that needs to be observed by a camera by up to two orders of magnitude, the minimum being only two. We then present a new multi‐dimensional scattered data interpolation technique to reconstruct the radiometric transfer function at a high spatial density (i.e. at every pixel) to compute the compensation image. We show that the accuracy of our interpolation technique is higher than any existing methods.
Procedural Modeling of a Building from a Single Image
Authors: Nishida Gen , Bousseau Adrien , Aliaga Daniel G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCreating a virtual city is demanded for computer games, movies, and urban planning, but it takes a lot of time to create numerous 3D building models. Procedural modeling has become popular in recent years to overcome this issue, but creating a grammar to get a desired output is difficult and time consuming even for expert users. In this paper, we present an interactive tool that allows users to automatically generate such a grammar from a single image of a building. The user selects a photograph and highlights the silhouette of the target building as input to our method. Our pipeline automatically generates the building components, from large‐scale building mass to fine‐scale windows and doors geometry. Each stage of our pipeline combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and optimization to select and parameterize procedural grammars that reproduce the building elements of the picture. In the first stage, our method jointly estimates camera parameters and building mass shape. Once known, the building mass enables the rectification of the façades, which are given as input to the second stage that recovers the façade layout. This layout allows us to extract individual windows and doors that are subsequently fed to the last stage of the pipeline that selects procedural grammars for windows and doors. Finally, the grammars are combined to generate a complete procedural building as output. We devise a common methodology to make each stage of this pipeline tractable. This methodology consists in simplifying the input image to match the visual appearance of synthetic training data, and in using optimization to refine the parameters estimated by CNNs. We used our method to generate a variety of procedural models of buildings from existing photographs.
Procedural Cloudscapes
Authors: Webanck A. , Cortial Y. , Guérin E. , Galin E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a phenomenological approach for modeling and animating cloudscapes. We propose a compact procedural model for representing the different types of cloud over a range of altitudes. We define primitive‐based field functions that allow the user to control and author the cloud cover over large distances easily. Our approach allows us to animate cloudscapes by morphing: instead of simulating the evolution of clouds using a physically‐based simulation, we compute the movement of clouds using key‐frame interpolation and tackle the morphing problem as an Optimal Transport problem. The trajectories of the cloud cover primitives are generated by solving an Anisotropic Shortest Path problem with a cost function that takes into account the elevation of the terrain and the parameters of the wind field.
Interactive Generation of Time‐evolving, Snow‐Covered Landscapes with Avalanches
Authors: Cordonnier G. , Ecormier P. , Galin E. , Gain J. , Benes B. , Cani M.‐P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe introduce a novel method for interactive generation of visually consistent, snow‐covered landscapes and provide control of their dynamic evolution over time. Our main contribution is the real‐time phenomenological simulation of avalanches and other user‐guided events, such as tracks left by Nordic skiing, which can be applied to interactively sculpt the landscape. The terrain is modeled as a height field with additional layers for stable, compacted, unstable, and powdery snow, which behave in combination as a semi‐viscous fluid. We incorporate the impact of several phenomena, including sunlight, temperature, prevailing wind direction, and skiing activities. The snow evolution includes snow‐melt and snow‐drift, which affect stability of the snow mass and the probability of avalanches. A user can shape landscapes and their evolution either with a variety of interactive brushes, or by prescribing events along a winter season time‐line. Our optimized GPU‐implementation allows interactive updates of snow type and depth across a large (10 × 10 km) terrain, including real‐time avalanches, making this suitable for visual assets in computer games. We evaluate our method through perceptual comparison against exiting methods and real snow‐depth data.
Neuropathy by folic acid supplementation in a patient with anaemia and an untreated cobalamin deficiency: a case report
Authors: Smelt H. J. M. , Pouwels S. , Said M. , Smulders J. F. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe rising rates of bariatric surgery (BS) are accompanied by neurological complications related to nutrient deficiencies. One of the risk factors for neurological complications in BS patients is poor vitamin and mineral supplementation. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are necessary parts of lifelong care after BS. Particularly important for optimal functioning of the nervous system are vitamin B1, B6, B12 (cobalamin), E, copper and possibly vitamin B11 (folic acid). In this case report, we narrate about a patient with anaemia and multiple vitamin and mineral deficiencies after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with an alimentary limb of 150 cm and a biliopancreatic limb of 100 cm. RYGB is associated with an increased risk of vitamin deficiencies, especially a vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient in this case report developed psychiatric‐neurological symptoms due to folic acid supplementation in an untreated cobalamin deficiency. Second, we tried to elucidate the vitamin physiology to understand specific mechanisms after BS.
Access to a scale and self‐weighing habits among public housing residents
Authors: Bramante C. T. , Clark J. M. , Gudzune K. A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHaving access to a scale is essential for individuals to engage in self‐weighing; however, few studies examine scale access, particularly among low‐income individuals. Our objectives were to (i) determine how many public housing residents have access to a scale and (ii) describe their self‐weighing habits. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of public housing residents in Baltimore, MD, from August 2014 to August 2015. Participants answered questions about their access to a scale (‘yes’/‘no’) and daily self‐weighing habits (‘no scale/never or hardly ever’ vs. ‘some/about half/much of the time/always’). We used t‐tests or chi‐square tests to examine the association of scale access with respondent characteristics. Overall, 266 adults participated (48% response rate). Mean age was 45 years with 86% women, 95% black and 54% with obesity. Only 32% had access to a scale; however, 78% of those with this access reported engaging in some self‐weighing. Residents who lacked access to a scale were younger (P = 0.03), and more likely to be unemployed/disabled (P = 0.01) or food insecure (P < 0.01). While few public housing residents have access to a scale, those who do report daily self‐weighing with some regularity. Financial hardship may influence scale access in this population, as potential proxies of this status were associated with no scale access.
Combined effects of diabetes and low household income on mortality: a 12‐year follow‐up study of 505 677 Korean adults
Authors: Shin W. Y. , Kim H. C. , Lee T. , Jeon D.‐H. , Ha K. H. , Kim D. J. , Chang H.‐J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the effects of diabetes, low income and their combination on mortality in the Korean population.MethodsWe analysed a total of 505 677 people (53.9% male) aged 40–79 years old from the National Health Insurance Service‐National Health Screening (NHIS‐HEALS) cohort. Ten levels of household income were used as indicators of economic status. Diabetes was defined as elevated fasting blood glucose (≥ 6.9 mmol/l) and/or use of glucose‐lowering drugs or insulin. Covariates of age, sex, BMI, smoking and Charlson Comorbidity Index were determined at baseline. Outcomes were total and cause‐specific mortality over 12 years. Cox's proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to the presence of diabetes, household income and their combination.ResultsLower household income was associated with higher mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and non‐cancer non‐cardiovascular causes. Excessive mortality due to low incomes was observed in both people with and without diabetes. In men, the adjusted HR [95% confidence interval (CI)] of mortality was 1.38 (1.34 to 1.42) for low‐income only, 1.48 (1.42 to 1.55) for diabetes only and 1.95 (1.86 to 2.05) for diabetes and low‐income combined, relative to the normal glucose and high income group. Corresponding HR (95% CI) in women were 1.19 (1.14 to 1.24), 1.54 (1.44 to 1.64) and 1.87 (1.75 to 2.01), respectively.ConclusionBoth low household income and the presence of diabetes independently increase the risk of mortality, but their combined effects on mortality may be different between men and women.
‘Diabulima’ through the lens of social media: a qualitative review and analysis of online blogs by people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and eating disorders
Authors: Staite E. , Zaremba N. , Macdonald P. , Allan J. , Treasure J. , Ismail K. , Stadler M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo perform a qualitative review of online blogs authored by people self‐identifying as having Type 1 diabetes and an eating disorder or ‘diabulimia’, a term used by people with Type 1 diabetes to describe an eating disorder that is characterized by deliberate restriction of insulin to control weight.MethodsWe conducted a structured qualitative review of online blogs published between 2012 and 2017 authored by people who report having Type 1 diabetes and an eating disorder or diabulimia. The subsequent thematic analysis followed a six‐phase process and was conducted by two independent researchers.ResultsFrom 147 000 search results, 11 blogs (304 posts) matched criteria for further analyses. Three key themes and 18 subthemes emerged: 1) different aspects of bloggers’ relationship with insulin, including motives for omitting insulin, secrecy of insulin omission and perception of control; 2) bloggers’ experiences of diabetes complications, and diabetes ketoacidosis in particular, as well as their worries about future complications; 3) strategies for recovery and triggers for relapse, which involved diabetes self‐management and setting up a support system.ConclusionsQualitative analyses of blogs authored by people with Type 1 diabetes and an eating disorder or diabulimia have identified high levels of diabetes distress and provided insight into different motives for insulin omission and strategies for recovery. Considering the limited evidence for effective interventions, these findings may help the development of complex interventions to improve biomedical and psychological outcomes in this group.
Sparse periodicity‐based auditory features explain human performance in a spatial multitalker auditory scene analysis task
Authors: Josupeit Angela , Schoenmaker Esther , van de Par Steven , Hohmann Volker 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman listeners robustly decode speech information from a talker of interest that is embedded in a mixture of spatially distributed interferers. A relevant question is which time‐frequency segments of the speech are predominantly used by a listener to solve such a complex Auditory Scene Analysis task. A recent psychoacoustic study investigated the relevance of low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) components of a target signal on speech intelligibility in a spatial multitalker situation. For this, a three‐talker stimulus was manipulated in the spectro‐temporal domain such that target speech time‐frequency units below a variable SNR threshold (SNRcrit) were discarded while keeping the interferers unchanged. The psychoacoustic data indicate that only target components at and above a local SNR of about 0 dB contribute to intelligibility. This study applies an auditory scene analysis “glimpsing” model to the same manipulated stimuli. Model data are found to be similar to the human data, supporting the notion of “glimpsing,” that is, that salient speech‐related information is predominantly used by the auditory system to decode speech embedded in a mixture of sounds, at least for the tested conditions of three overlapping speech signals. This implies that perceptually relevant auditory information is sparse and may be processed with low computational effort, which is relevant for neurophysiological research of scene analysis and novelty processing in the auditory system.
Anchovy dynamics and the colour of climate noise: Assessing climatic scenarios and exploitation strategies in the Gulf of Cádiz
Authors: Ruiz Javier , Rincón Margarita M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis manuscript implements stochastic modeling to investigate the response of a European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) stock to climatic forcing under different exploitation strategies. The model implements realistic parametrizations for defining the key environmental variables forcing recruitment in the Gulf of Cádiz. Despite the tight control the environment exerts on this population, model outputs and historical records indicate that stock signal is not the same as the forcing signal; instead, the time series of the stock signal is less red (more variance at higher frequencies) than the forcing variables. The response is also very sensitive to the exploitation strategy and to the colour (white versus red noise) assumed for the climatic forcing. These results indicate that establishing a safe management framework for this stock demands not only an assessment of an adequate exploitation strategy, but also an understanding of how this strategy interacts with the different colours of the climatic forcing.
Aboveground carbon sequestration in dry temperate forests varies with climate not fire regime
Authors: Gordon Christopher E. , Bendall Eli R. , Stares Mitchell G. , Collins Luke , Bradstock Ross A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe storage of carbon in plant tissues and debris has been proposed as a method to offset anthropogenic increases in atmospheric [CO2]. Temperate forests represent significant above‐ground carbon (AGC) “sinks” because their relatively fast growth and slow decay rates optimise carbon assimilation. Fire is a common disturbance event in temperate forests globally that should strongly influence AGC because: discrete fires consume above‐ground biomass releasing carbon to the atmosphere, and the long‐term application of different fire‐regimes select for specific plant communities that sequester carbon at different rates. We investigated the latter process by quantifying AGC storage at 104 sites in the Sydney Basin Bioregion, Australia, relative to differences in components of the fire regime: frequency, severity and interfire interval. To predict the potential impacts of future climate change on fire/AGC interactions, we stratified our field sites across gradients of mean annual temperature and precipitation and quantified within‐ and between‐factor interactions between the fire and climate variables. In agreement with previous studies, large trees were the primary AGC sink, accounting for ~70% of carbon at sites. Generalised additive models showed that mean annual temperature was the strongest predictor of AGC storage, with a 54% near‐linear decrease predicted across the 6.1°C temperature range experienced at sites. Mean annual precipitation, fire frequency, fire severity and interfire interval were consistently poor predictors of total above‐ground storage, although there were some significant relationships with component stocks. Our results show resilience of AGC to frequent and severe wildfire and suggest temperature mediated decreases in forest carbon storage under future climate change predictions.
Warming and oligotrophication cause shifts in freshwater phytoplankton communities
Authors: Verbeek Laura , Gall Andrea , Hillebrand Helmut , Striebel Maren 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile there is a lot of data on interactive effects of eutrophication and warming, to date, we lack data to generate reliable predictions concerning possible effects of nutrient decrease and temperature increase on community composition and functional responses. In recent years, a wide‐ranging trend of nutrient decrease (re‐oligotrophication) was reported for freshwater systems. Small lakes and ponds, in particular, show rapid responses to anthropogenic pressures and became model systems to investigate single as well as synergistic effects of warming and fertilization in situ and in experiments. Therefore, we set up an experiment to investigate the single as well as the interactive effects of nutrient reduction and gradual temperature increase on a natural freshwater phytoplankton community, using an experimental indoor mesocosm setup. Biomass production initially increased with warming but decreased with nutrient depletion. If nutrient supply was constant, biomass increased further, especially under warming conditions. Under low nutrient supply, we found a sharp transition from initially positive effects of warming to negative effects when resources became scarce. Warming reduced phytoplankton richness and evenness, whereas nutrient reduction at ambient temperature had positive effects on diversity. Our results indicate that temperature effects on freshwater systems will be altered by nutrient availability. These interactive effects of energy increase and resource decrease have major impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function and thus need to be considered in environmental management plans.
Dental and periodontal problems of elderly people in Vietnamese nursing homes
Authors: Pham Thuy Anh Vu , Nguyen Tam Quang 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the oral health status and treatment needs of elderly residents in Vietnamese nursing homes.MethodsThis study was conducted among 360 men and 431 women with a mean age of 72.9 ± 9.1 years in three nursing homes in Ho Chi Minh City. Demographic information on education, duration of stay, chronic diseases, tooth brushing and tobacco use were obtained from medical records and a questionnaire. The oral health of participants was clinically assessed by a dental examiner using WHO criteria. Oral health status included estimates of coronal and root caries, periodontal disease, denture status and dental treatment needs.ResultsNearly all (90.1%) of the participants had natural teeth. The mean numbers of teeth with coronal or root decay were 5.8 ± 4.0 and 6.0 ± 4.2, respectively, and almost everyone required at least one restoration for coronal or root caries. Most of the participants with natural teeth had bleeding gingiva on probing, 26.2% had deep periodontal pockets, 96.5% needed oral hygiene improvement plus scaling and 20.3% required complex periodontal treatment. None of the edentulous participants had dentures, and 86.6% required new or repaired dentures.ConclusionThe prevalence of untreated oral diseases is very high and the need for dental care extensive among the residents of government‐administered long‐term care facilities in Ho Chi Minh City.