bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THERMODYNAMIC UNCERTAINTY RELATION AS A FUNDAMENTAL ASPECT OF QUANTUM THERMODYNAMICS
Authors: Artamonov Anton А. , Plotnikov Еvgeny 
Published: July 2018

The paper addresses physics of thermodynamic fluctuations in temperature and energy. These fluctuations are interrelated and, hence, can affect various micro- and macro systems. It is shown that the thermodynamic uncertainty relation must be taken into account in the physics of superconductivity, in quantum computations and other branches of science, where temperature and energy fluctuations play a critical role. One of the most important applications of quantum thermodynamics is quantum computers. It is assumed that in the near future the state structures will create a specific quantum cryptocurrency obtained using quantum computing. The quantum cryptocurrency exhibits two main features: the maximum reliability (quantum protection against hacking threats) and the possibility of state control (at the moment, only large scientific state centers have quantum computers).
The paper reviews the studies aimed to theoretically prove the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. This relation connects fluctuations in temperature and energy of a system. Other similar relations are considered, including the relationship between fluctuations in pressure and volume, in entropy and temperature, and others. The main purpose of the paper is to validate the thermodynamic analogue of the uncertainty relation that interconnects temperature and energy fluctuations.
Experimental data was obtained on the basis of the study of the transport properties of semiconductor devices – transistors. In the experiment, the transport properties of a pair of semiconductor transistors placed on a single silicon crystal were studied. In this system, one transistor was used to determine temperature fluctuations, and the other one was employed to estimate energy fluctuations.
The key role of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation in modern thermodynamics has been clarified. The performed experimental studies confirm the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.
ANALYSIS OF A TWO-CRYSTAL DELAY LINE FOR FEMTOSECOND PULSES OF THE X-RAY FREE ELECTRON LASER
Authors: Bushuev V. A. , Petrov I. A. 
Published: July 2018

Using the methods of statistical optics the formation of delayed X-ray pulses in the diffraction reflection of an incident pulse with an arbitrary degree of temporal coherence from a system of parallel crystals with different lattice periods is considered. The results are of interest for constructing delay lines in experiments with a time resolution of the pump-and-probe type and realizing of the self-seeding mode to increase the degree of temporal coherence of the X-ray free-electron laser radiation.
A rigorous theory of dynamic diffraction in Bragg geometry is applied to the diffraction reflection of short X-ray pulses from a system of two parallel crystals with arbitrary thicknesses, and also, for a system of two pairs of parallel crystals. The dependence of the delay time and the intensity of the delayed pulses on the thickness of the crystals and the distances between them are analyzed. Since the pulses from the X-ray free electron laser have high spatial coherence, i.e. a small angular divergence, but very poor temporal coherence, special attention is paid to the effect of the degree of temporal coherence on the width of the energy spectrum of the incident pulses and on the influence of this width on the intensity of the delayed pulses.
Heart transplantation at 50+: Celebrations and challenges
Authors: Yacoub Magdi , Khaghani Asghar 
Published: July 2018

[first paragraph of article]This year marks the 51st anniversary of the first human heart transplant operation by Christiaan Barnard at the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. This event has had a profound effect on Science, Medicine and Humanity, almost beyond expectations. The anniversary calls for celebrations, and evaluation, as with maturity comes accountability. We here attempt to summarise the reasons for celebrations, and highlight the remaining many challenges and expectations. Regarding the celebrations, this anniversary exemplifies and calls for celebration of at least four human attributes; courage, innovation, compassion, and human spirit.
Investigation on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives as Potential Telomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Tutone Marco , Pecoraro Beatrice , Almerico Anna M. 
Published: July 2018

Background:Telomerase, a reverse transcriptase, maintains telomere and chromosomes integrity of dividing cells, while it is inactivated in most somatic cells. In tumor cells, telomerase is highly activated, and works in order to maintain the length of telomeres causing immortality, hence it could be considered as a potential marker to tumorigenesis.A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives showed significant broad-spectrum anticancer activity against different cell lines, and demonstrated telomerase inhibition.Methods:This series of 24 N-benzylidene-2-((5-(pyridine-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2yl)thio)acetohydrazide derivatives as telomerase inhibitors has been considered to carry out QSAR studies. The endpoint to build QSAR models is determined by the IC50 values for telomerase inhibition, i.e., the concentration (μM) of inhibitor that produces 50% inhibition. These values were converted to pIC50 (- log IC50) values. We used the most common and transparent method, where models are described by clearly expressed mathematical equations: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS).Results:Validated models with high correlation coefficients were developed. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models, by Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), showed good robustness and predictive capability, according to the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM = 0.8352), a technique that simultaneously enhances the performances of a certain number of criteria. The descriptors selected for the models, such as electrotopological state (E-state) descriptors, and extended topochemical atom (ETA) descriptors, showed the relevant chemical information contributing to the activity of these compounds.Conclusion:The results obtained in this study make sure about the identification of potential hits as prospective telomerase inhibitors.
Drug Coated Balloon Angioplasty in Failing AV Fistulas
Authors: Trerotola Scott O. , Lawson Jeffrey , Roy-Chaudhury Prabir , Saad Theodore F. 
Published: July 2018

Background
Restenosis remains a problem in hemodialysis access interventions. Paclitaxel-coated balloons have shown promise in reducing access-related restenosis in small trials. The primary hypotheses for our multicenter trial were superior effectiveness at 180 days and noninferior safety at 30 days of a drug-coated balloon compared with conventional angioplasty for treatment of dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This randomized trial enrolled 285 patients with dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas at 23 centers. Grafts, central venous stenoses, thrombosed fistulas, and immature fistulas were excluded. All patients received angioplasty of the lesion responsible for access dysfunction. After successful angioplasty (≤30% residual stenosis), lesions were treated with either a paclitaxel-coated balloon or an uncoated control balloon of similar design to the drug-coated balloon. Access function during follow-up was determined per centers’ usual protocols; reintervention was clinically driven. The primary efficacy outcome assessment was done at 6 months, and the safety assessment was done within 30 days of the procedure. Prespecified secondary end points included assessment of postintervention target lesion primary patency and access circuit primary patency at 6 months.

Results
The 180-day end point was not met with target lesion primary patency (71%±4% for the drug-coated balloon and 63%±4% for control; P=0.06), representing a difference of 8%±6% (95% confidence interval, −3% to 20%). Access circuit primary patency did not differ between groups. Interventions to maintain target lesion patency were fewer for the drug-coated balloon at 6 months (0.31 versus 0.44 per patient; P=0.03). The primary safety noninferiority end point was met and did not differ between groups (P=0.002).

Conclusions
Paclitaxel-coated balloon–assisted angioplasty did not meet the primary effectiveness end point at 180 days compared with conventional angioplasty. Both arms showed equivalent safety (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02440022).
NEED FOR DRUG PRICE CONTROL IN INDIA
Authors: Parasiya Sachin K. R. , Balamuralidhara V. , T.M Pramod Kumar , Dave A.J. , Gujarati R. , Shukla A. 
Published: July 2018

India is one of the developing countries. A substantial proportion of population of this country is largely exposed to the drug market whose purchasing power is extremely low. Around 42% population of this country lives under the National poverty line ($1.25 per day). Vital issue concerning them is to access the health care facility at an affordable cost. Medicine is a part of health care cost and it costs to around 70% to 80% of total cost. Thus, cost of medicine is a governing factor of health care system especially when it comes to price control of health care facilities. To bring down the cost of health care facilities, government spends money for health care facilities. A comparative expenditure made by state government is depicted in this article. NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority) is the Indian pharmaceutical pricing regulating authority and it achieves its objectives by implementing the DPCO (Drug Pricing control order). In spite of existence of the DPCO, drastic price variation is observed between the products of same API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) and several factors are responsible for the same. To overcome the stated problem and monopolistic trade practice by patent holder/brand manufacturer, TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Properties Rights) provides Compulsory Licenses which has its unique role to play in affordability of medicines. Essential medicine is a basic requirement of health care system to serve their customers and hence an effective and overt price control on drugs is the need of present. This study will thus try to justify the need to bring NLEM (National List of Essential Medicine) under DPCO.
MEDICINES HARMONIZATION IN WEST AFRICAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION (WAEMU) COUNTRIES
Authors: Amari A.S.G , N’Guessan A. , Sackou J.G. , Amonkou A.C. , Alloukou P.M. , Duncan R. 
Published: July 2018

With the blessing of WHO, the different regions of West Africa engaged in Pharmaceutical regulation harmonization processes on the continent.
Indeed, In west Africa, WAEMU actions on the matter ended in the production of juridical rules opposable to member states who rationalize watching/control procedures and medicine marketing for both human medicine and veterinary products.
What remains then to member states is to appropriate community regulation hoping that Pharmaceutical cooperation reinforcement with ECOWAS, that other sub regional economical organization, grows stronger in order to improve drug use and manufacturing in West African area.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISINTEGRATING LOSARTAN POTASSIUM TABLETS BY FORMAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Authors: Birajdar Shivprasad M. , Bhusnure Omprakash G. , Mulaje Suraj S. 
Published: July 2018

In the treatment of hypertension fast onset of action is the major concern. The problem of slow onset of action of drugs can be overcome by development of appropriate dosage forms. Fast disintegrating tablets in mouth are best suited and have gained popularity in the oral antihypertensive drug therapy. These are advantageous over other conventional systems in terms of patient compliance, rapid onset of action, accurate dosing, good chemical stability, convenience of self-administration and compactness. Losartan potassium is widely used as an antihypertensive drug, which is a potent drug candidate for developing in to Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDT’s). It has low bioavailability due to first pass metabolism. Hence the main objective of the study was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of Losartan potassium to achieve a better dissolution rate and further improving the bioavailability of the drug. Fast dissolving tablet of Losartan potassium were formulated by using microcrystalline cellulose with different concentration of super disintegrants like sodium starch glycolate and Isabgol Mucilage. All the batches were prepared by direct compression.
API characterization studies were conducted to check the purity of API .The tablets were evaluated for Pre compression parameters and post compression parameters. Before the formulation of the tablets IR spectroscopic studies were also performed to check the compatibility with the excipients.
A 23 full factorial design was applied to investigate the combine effect of 3 formulation variables. Here the concentration of Isabgol mucilage, concentration of Sodium Starch Glycolate and concentration of Microcrystalline Cellulose were taken as independent variable X1, X2 & X3 respectively and their effect of disintegration time is studied as dependent parameter. To represent the data Design Expert software is used.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL BONE GRAFT MATERIAL CONTAINING BIPHASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE AND CHITOSAN FORTIFIED WITH ALOE VERA
Authors: Srividya S. , Sastry T. P. , D. Jeevitha , N. Samiksha 
Published: July 2018

The bone grafts were prepared using nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAP) with the extracts of AV and mixed with beta tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) in a ratio of 60:40. The formed BCP was then conjugated with CH to form the bone graft. The Phytochemicals of AV imparts an anti-inflammatory and wound healing property to the bonegraft in addition to its osteoconductivity.
The bone graft was subjected to various conventional characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, SEM, UV spectrophotometric analysis, compression and tensile strength to reveal its chemical composition, surface morphology and mechanical strength. The UV spectrophotometric analysis and SEM images revealed the mineral deposition on the bone graft after immersing in SBF, thereby increasing its ossification property. FTIR and XRD revealed the presence of BCP with nano HAP crystals and Chitosan in the graft. Compression and tensile strength of the graft showed that the graft can be used in non–load bearing areas.
In this study, a bone graft was synthesized using a novel technique of introducing the extracts of AV in the graft along with BCP and CH. The results revealed that the bone graft can be used as an Osteoconductive material for various biomedical applications.
PIC/S: TRAINING THE REGULATORS TO REGULATE cGMP COMPLIANCE
Authors: Gupta Rajkumar 
Published: July 2018

PIC/S is an international Organization for implementing cGMP standards in its member countries. The basic objective of PIC/S is to improve and standardize cGMP compliance in member countries. Their aim is to enhance GMP intelligence via sharing of GMP inspection reports. Further it wants to reduce duplication of inspections to save the cost and time.
Their regulations are directed to promote harmony in GMP standards and to train national regulatory authorities for cGMP vigilance. They requires that every nation shall empower the legislation to inspect the facilities as per definite program, to issue notices for noncompliance, to impart regular training to all concerned employees.
REVIEW ON OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND ITS DEVICES
Authors: Gulati Nikhil , Dwivedi Vanya 
Published: July 2018

Ocular drug delivery system for the treatment of eye diseases has become popular and feasible in the past few years. Improving ocular contact time, enhancing corneal permeability and site specificity are the key points for the optimization of ocular drug delivery. Use of polymers such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer can increase the solution viscosity and decrease the drainage of solution, thereby increasing the contact time and its bioavailabilty. There are various types of ocular drug release system such as ocusert, contact lenses, diffusional inserts which falls under the category of non-erodible ocular controlled release system, lacrisert, soluble ocular delivery implant(SODI), minidisc which falls under the category of erodible ocular controlled release system; nanoparticles; liposomes.
Episcleral, intrascleral and suprachoroidal routes have the advantage of bypassing the main barriers to topical drug penetration. This type of delivery system provides a controlled release of drug for a long period of time. This type of delivery system has good patient compliance. Acuvue, lacrisert; biomedics are the most common marketed products of ocular drug delivery system.
Key aspects of raising efficiency of management of equipment maintenance and repair in fuel and energy complex companies
Authors: Kamko Y. A. 
Published: July 2018

Transition to a new industrial revolution (“Industry 4.0”) in power engineering has stimulated introduction of advanced efficient equipment through modernization of existing or construction of new power units. At this stage, production processes are now characterized by deep integration of information technologies. This does not only apply to the processes of financial and economic acivities, but also the processes of providing up-to-date information on the current state of equipment, various supporting systems (security, fi re safety, movement control, work progress control, etc.) for making decisions in real time, as well as predictive analytics.Raising the efficiency of management of equipment maintenance and repair is a top priority issue. The proper setup of this process does not only determine the quality and operability of equipment, but also the accuracy of evaluation of expenditure, which eventually affects the company’s financial standing. Therefore, the author is set to analyze the causes preventing efficient implementation of the process of equipment maintenance and repair at fuel and energy complex companies and suggests measures for their possible adjustment.Key aspects are formed, which enable the organizations involved to get closer to more accurate formation of repair and maintenance operations.Measures are presented that enable to create and develop a proper working system for the management of maintenance and repair measures. In particular, logical blocks are specified for implementation of a data management system in maintenance and repair.
Opmizaon of work on taking gas samples from transformer gas relays
Authors: Vysogorets S. P. 
Published: July 2018

Quality taking and analysis of gas and oil samples upon actuation of gas protection is an essential component of transformer operation, in making a prompt decision on its admissibility to operation after an emergency shutdown. Existing conventional systems for taking, storage and transportation of gas samples from gas relays have a number of significant drawbacks. At the same time, the devices in use at present often fail to ensure the representative nature of samples; besides, when used in line with established rules, they are inconvenient in sampling and “combustibility” checks.To solve the aforesaid problem, a study has been performed at the facilities of the physical-chemical and chromatographic analysis laboratory of the diagnostics directorate of the branch of PJSC “IDGC of North-West” on a number of advanced technologies that could be used for taking, transportation and storage of gas samples. In the experimental study, 0.5 l gastight bags made by SKC (США) (models No.237-02 and No.232-02, differing in the design of the sampling system) and 0.5 l bags made by Elchrom (model EL-PACK G-300) were used. Experimental work on examination of gas-tight bags was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, gas-tightness was assessed at room temperature, and at the second stage, the effect of negative temperatures on gas-tightness was investigated.In the course of the experimental studies, the feasibilility was confirmed of using advanced Russian and foreign technologies for taking, storage and transportation of gas samples from transformer gas relays. The models of gas-tight bags under investigation are found to be appropriate for taking, storage and transportation of gas samples, both at positive temperatures of the ambient air, and at temperatures as low as minus 15–18°С (the effects of still lower temperatures was beyond the scope of the study). To establish the feasibility of repeated use of gas-tight bags, it is proposed to continue experimental studies.
Issues of Global and Local Quality in Arts Education
Authors: Bamford Anne 
Published: July 2018

Quality is not a random occurrence in arts and creativity partnerships. The achievement of quality must be planned. Any arts partnership requires both quality assurance and quality control components. Quality assurance manages quality of processes, while quality control measures deliverables - ‘products’ - against standards. This paper looks at quality from a global and local perspective and argues that arts experiences from children and young people need to be:
•	"Fit for purpose": i.e. The arts education experience should be suitable and relevant for the intended purpose and the intended participants/audience.
•	"Right first time": i.e. There are certain sets of attributes that are generally associated with quality arts engagement and arts partnerships within education and these can become ‘prerequisites’ for a programme, there by mistakes should be eliminated, or at least reduced.

This paper outlines the key components of quality arts education and suggests that the focus of research needs to move forward from a impact of the arts to quality of the arts.
A cosmopolis of all beings: Cosmopolitanism, Indigeneity and the more-than-human
Authors: Beeman Chris 
Published: July 2018

Cosmopolitanism - either an idea that goes far back in recorded human history, or an approach whose form came before a definition - places high value on individual moral responsibility to other moral beings beyond the intermediation of the nation-state. Nussbaum's version, critiqued by Naseem and Margison, links cosmopolitanism to rational liberal democracy, beyond, but not to the exclusion of, individual responisiblity and loyalty to the state. Appiah's more nuanced version still holds the possibility of a universalist ethic while respecting difference. Magsino sees cosmopolitanism as a possible countervailing force to globalization. All of these recent theorists place cosmopoiltanism in the realm of human action and responsibility.
This paper explores Spinoza's cosmology as a way of not only broadening the sphere of cosmopolitanism to the more-than-human world, but in doing so, shifting the basis of membership therein from responsibilty to other moral beings, to acting morally to the extent of the capacity one has to formulate moral sensibility. This stretches the hitherto human orientation of cosmopolitanism. But Toulmin's etymology, linking human ordered-ness to ordered-ness in the world, suggests otherwise. Spinoza's cosmology is shown to have relevance to some Indigenous ontologies.