bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Feasibility of Quantitative Ultrasound Texture Analysis: A Robustness Study Using Fetal Lung Ultrasound Images
Authors: Perez‐Moreno Alvaro , Dominguez Mara , Migliorelli Federico , Gratacos Eduard , Palacio Montse , Bonet‐Carne Elisenda 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the robustness of several methods based on quantitative ultrasound (US) texture analysis to evaluate its feasibility for extracting features from US images to use as a clinical diagnostic tool.MethodsWe compared, ranked, and validated the robustness of 5 texture‐based methods for extracting textural features from US images acquired under different conditions. For comparison and ranking purposes, we used 13,171 non‐US images from widely known available databases (OUTEX [University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland] and PHOTEX [Texture Lab, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland]), which were specifically acquired under different controlled parameters (illumination, resolution, and rotation) from 103 textures. The robustness of those methods with better results from the non‐US images was validated by using 666 fetal lung US images acquired from singleton pregnancies. In this study, 2 similarity measurements (correlation and Chebyshev distances) were used to evaluate the repeatability of the features extracted from the same tissue images.ResultsThree of the 5 methods (gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix, local binary patterns, and rotation‐invariant local phase quantization) had favorably robust performance when using the non‐US database. In fact, these methods showed similarity values close to 0 for the acquisition variations and delineations. Results from the US database confirmed robustness for all of the evaluated methods (gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix, local binary patterns, and rotation‐invariant local phase quantization) when comparing the same texture obtained from different regions of the image (proximal/distal lungs and US machine brand stratification).ConclusionsOur results confirmed that texture analysis can be robust (high similarity for different condition acquisitions) with potential to be included as a clinical tool.
Associations of TV Viewing Duration, Meals and Snacks Eaten When Watching TV, and a TV in the Bedroom with Child Adiposity
Authors: Collings Paul J. , Kelly Brian , West Jane , Wright John 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the associations of TV parameters with adiposity in early life.MethodsData were collected as part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal birth cohort study. Child TV viewing duration was parent reported, and BMI, the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured at ~12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age in 1,338 children. Mixed effects models were used to quantify adjusted associations of TV viewing duration with adiposity markers, incorporating data from all time points. Linear regression was used to investigate differences in adiposity levels across frequencies of eating meals and snacks while watching TV at age ~24 months and between children who did and did not have a TV in their bedroom at age ~36 months.ResultsEvery 1 h/d of TV viewing was associated with a 0.075‐cm larger (95% CI: 0.0034‐0.15) waist circumference, independent of covariates including sleep duration, dietary factors, and physical activity level. There was no evidence for any other associations.ConclusionsTV viewing duration is independently associated with abdominal adiposity in young children. Limiting TV viewing from an early age may be important for primary prevention of obesity.
Studying children's knowledge base of one‐sided levers as force amplifiers
Authors: Leuchter Miriam , Naber Britta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAttention to core concepts in science and engineering in early education has grown recently, and understanding levers as force amplifiers can be recognized as one of these. Previous studies focused on two‐sided levers and do not provide sufficient information about children's knowledge of levers as force amplifiers, nor about their learning and its support from an education perspective. It is important to consider load distance and force distance separately, as may be done in one‐sided levers, to understand children's knowledge of levers as “simple machines” thoroughly. Moreover, children's zone of proximal development and the possibilities to foster their knowledge should be explored to understand important features of teaching. We thus directed two studies with 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children. In study 1, we conducted a paper‐and‐pencil test in the context of wheelbarrows (N = 370; age M = 6.62). We investigated whether it is possible to empirically separate the features load, load distance, and force distance as well as to determine their level of difficulty. Our study showed that children's concepts of the three aspects load, load distance, and force distance are fragmented, with children finding it continuously more difficult to judge load, load distance, and force distance correctly. In study 2, we developed a 20‐min intervention with a controlled 2 × 2 pre‐post follow‐up design for exploring the zone of proximal development of 304 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children in the domain of one‐sided levers as force amplifiers, focusing on force distance and load distance. We implemented a structured learning environment that encouraged the children to manipulate wheelbarrows and supported them with pictures and/or verbal prompts. 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children had a higher learning gain when they were exposed to scaffolds that combined pictures and verbal prompts in the posttest as well as in the follow‐up test four weeks later compared to the control group.
An examination of the interactions between museum educators and students on a school visit to science museum
Authors: Shaby Neta , Ben‐Zvi Assaraf Orit , Tal Tali 
Published: September 2018

AbstractToday, science is a major part of western culture. Discussions about the need for members of the public to access and understand scientific information are therefore well established, citing the importance of such information to responsible citizenship, democracy, socially accountable scientific research and public funding (National Research Council [2009] Learning science in informal environments: People, places, and pursuits. National Academies Press). In recent years there has been an increased interest in investigating not just what visitors to informal environments have learnt after a visit, but also how visitors interact and engage with exhibits during the visit (Davidsson & Jakobsson [2012] Understanding interactions at science centers and museums: Approaching sociocultural perspectives. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers). Within the field of school visits to science museums, however, interactions between students and museum educators (MEs) remain relatively unexplored. In our study of such school visits, we are mainly interested in the interactions that take place between three agents—the students, the museum educator and the physical setting of the exhibit. Using moment‐to‐moment fine grain analysis of multiple interactions allowed us to identify recurring patterns between students and the museum educators around exhibits, and to examine the MEs’ mediational role during the interactions, and the practices they employ to engage students with exhibits. Our study revealed that most interactions between MEs and students consist of technical explanations of how to operate the exhibits. The interactions that do move past this stage often include two main practices, which the MEs use to promote students’ engagement with the exhibits: physical instruction and engaging the students emotionally. Understanding what is actually happening in the learning process that occurs during students’ interactions with exhibits can help museum educators and exhibit designers improve the experiences of students on school visits.
Semi-inclusive back-to-back production of a hadron pair and a single hadron in e+e− annihilation
Authors: Matevosyan Hrayr H. , Kotzinian Aram , Thomas Anthony W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInclusive hadron production ine+e−annihilation has long been used to study both single hadron fragmentation functions (FF) and dihadron fragmentation functions (DiFF). In particular, the polarized DiFFs can be accessed in electron-positron annihilation by measuring azimuthal correlations between two back-to-back pairs of hadrons in the center of mass system, where the relevant structure functions can be expressed as convolutions of two (polarized) DiFFs. Here we explore the advantages of measuring the inclusive back-to-back production of a single hadron on one side against a hadron pair on the opposite side of the detector in two jet events. The leading twist cross section for this process contains convolutions of the corresponding single hadron FFs on one side and the DiFFs for the hadron pair on the other side, which furnishes several interesting new opportunities. A measurement of the unpolarized cross section with a number of different types of observed hadrons will help in untangling the quark flavor dependence of the unpolarized DiFFs, when the results are analyzed together with the inclusive measurements of dihadron pairs, such as those recently performed by the BELLE collaboration. Even more interesting, with a polarized hyperon on one side we can study the quark spin-dependent DiFFs of an unpolarized hadron pair on the other side. This, in turn, will allow us to test the universality of the spin-dependent DiFFs entering the cross sections of electron-positron annihilation and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering processes.
Protective effects of quercetin against brain injury in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide‐induced fetal brain injury
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Cong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaternal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin produced during infection, leads to disruption in fetal brain development and causes newborn brain injury. Quercetin (QR) is a multipotent flavonoid that functions as an antioxidant and protects against inflammation and neurodegeneration. In this study, we explored the potential functions of QR in alleviating maternal LPS exposure induced fetal brain damage. Pregnant rats at late gestational stages were treated with saline, LPS, QR, LPS and QR. Brain injury biomarker TGF‐1β was assessed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue of newborn rats. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis markers and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated. We found that LPS treatment induced an increased production of TGF‐1β which was suppressed by QR administration. LPS enhanced pro‐apoptotic Bax and inhibited anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 expression. QR reduced that ratio of Bax and Bcl‐2 that was high in LPS treated brain tissue. Additionally, QR suppressed oxidative stress induced by LPS. Finally, QR reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines that were produced as a result of LPS exposure. In summary, our study indicates that QR potently alleviates maternal LPS exposure induced fetal brain injury in rats, making it a potential therapeutic for suppressing infant brain damage as a result of maternal infection.
Active drag reduction of a high-drag Ahmed body based on steady blowing
Authors: Zhang B. F. , Liu K. , Zhou Y. , To S. , Tu J. Y. 
Published: October 2018

Active drag reduction of an Ahmed body with a slant angle of $25^{\circ }$, corresponding to the high-drag regime, has been experimentally investigated at Reynolds number $Re=1.7\times 10^{5}$, based on the square root of the model cross-sectional area. Four individual actuations, produced by steady blowing, are applied separately around the edges of the rear window and vertical base, producing a drag reduction of up to 6–14 %. However, the combination of the individual actuations results in a drag reduction 29 %, higher than any previous drag reductions achieved experimentally and very close to the target (30 %) set by automotive industries. Extensive flow measurements are performed, with and without control, using force balance, pressure scanner, hot-wire, flow visualization and particle image velocimetry techniques. A marked change in the flow structure is captured in the wake of the body under control, including the flow separation bubbles, over the rear window or behind the vertical base, and the pair of C-pillar vortices at the two side edges of the rear window. The change is linked to the pressure rise on the slanted surface and the base. The mechanisms behind the effective control are proposed. The control efficiency is also estimated.
Models to represent linguistic linked data
Authors: BOSQUE-GIL J. , GRACIA J. , MONTIEL-PONSODA E. , GÓMEZ-PÉREZ A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs the interest of the Semantic Web and computational linguistics communities in linguistic linked data (LLD) keeps increasing and the number of contributions that dwell on LLD rapidly grows, scholars (and linguists in particular) interested in the development of LLD resources sometimes find it difficult to determine which mechanism is suitable for their needs and which challenges have already been addressed. This review seeks to present the state of the art on the models, ontologies and their extensions to represent language resources as LLD by focusing on the nature of the linguistic content they aim to encode. Four basic groups of models are distinguished in this work: models to represent the main elements of lexical resources (group 1), vocabularies developed as extensions to models in group 1 and ontologies that provide more granularity on specific levels of linguistic analysis (group 2), catalogues of linguistic data categories (group 3) and other models such as corpora models or service-oriented ones (group 4). Contributions encompassed in these four groups are described, highlighting their reuse by the community and the modelling challenges that are still to be faced.
The role of acetyltransferases for the temporal-specific accessibility of β-catenin to the myogenic gene locus
Authors: Suzuki Akiko , Minamide Ryohei , Iwata Junichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMolecules involved in WNT/β-catenin signaling show spatiotemporal-specific expression and play vital roles in muscle development. Our previous study showed that WNT/β-catenin signaling promotes myoblast proliferation and differentiation through the regulation of the cyclin A2 (Ccna2)/cell division cycle 25C (Cdc25c) and Fermitin family homolog 2 (Fermt2) genes, respectively. However, it remains unclear how β-catenin targets different genes from stage to stage during myogenesis. Here, we show that the accessibility of β-catenin to the promoter region of its target genes is regulated by developmental stage-specific histone acetyltransferases (HATs), lysine acetyltransferase 2B (KAT2B), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP). We found that KAT2B was specifically expressed at the myoblast proliferation stage and formed a complex with β-catenin to induce Ccna2/Cdc25c expression. On the other hand, CBP was specifically expressed during myoblast differentiation and formed a complex with β-catenin to induce Fermt2 expression. Our findings indicate that β-catenin efficiently accesses to its target gene’s promoters by forming a complex with developmental stage-specific acetyltransferases during myogenesis.
Chronische mesenteriale Ischämie
Authors: Heiss Christian 
Published: October 2018

Was ist neu?
Definition und Ursachen Der chronischen mesenterialen Ischämie (CMI) liegen Stenosen oder Verschlüsse des Truncus coeliacus, der A. mesenteria superior oder inferior zugrunde. Die häufigste Ursache ist die Atherosklerose (> 90 %), aber auch eine fibromuskuläre Dysplasie oder Vaskulitis. Endsprechend sind die Risikofaktoren Rauchen, arterielle Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie und hohes Lebensalter. Frauen sind häufiger betroffen als Männer.
Epidemiologie Die symptomatische CMI ist relativ selten (5 % aller ischämischen intestinalen Ereignisse). Die Prävalenz der asymptomatischen CMI ist nicht gut untersucht, scheint aber bei Erwachsenen im Bereich von 14 – 15 % zu liegen und ist häufiger bei der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (27 %) oder dem abdominellem Aortenaneurysma (40 %). Am häufigsten ist der Truncus coeliacus betroffen.
Diagnosestellung Nahrungsabhängige Beschwerden zusammen mit Unterernährung, aber erhaltenem Appetit und ein abdominelles Strömungsgeräusch können wichtige klinische Hinweise auf eine CMI sein, die zur Durchführung einer Duplex-Ultraschalluntersuchung und funktionellen Untersuchungen in einem spezialisierten Zentrum führen sollten. Zur Planung des weiteren Vorgehens kann eine CT-Angiografie notwendig sein.
Therapie Die Therapie der Wahl einer symptomatischen CMI, insbesondere bei Mehrgefäßerkrankung, ist die Revaskularisation. In den meisten Fällen wird aufgrund niedriger postinterventioneller Letalität bei meist multimorbiden Patienten und ausgezeichneter klinischer und technischer Erfolgsrate dem endovaskulären Vorgehen der Vorzug gegeben.
Sekundärprophylaxe Wie bei der koronaren Herzerkrankung und der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit sollten bei Patienten mit Atherosklerose der Mesenterial-Arterien Lebensstilmodifikation und optimale medikamentöse Therapie mit Statinen und Aspirin zur Risikoreduktion eingesetzt werden, ohne dass jedoch Studien in diesem Patientenkollektiv existieren. Nach Revaskularisation ist Plättchen-Hemmung indiziert.
Qualitätsmerkmale und Verbreitungsgrad behandlungsbegleitender Sporttherapie bei pädiatrisch-onkologischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland
Authors: Söntgerath Regine , Freier Stefanie , Wulftange Markus , Eckert Katharina 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bewegungs- und Sporttherapie während der Behandlung und Nachsorge einer pädiatrischen Krebserkrankung haben großes Potenzial zur Verminderung von Nebenwirkungen und Spätfolgen der Behandlung. Der Verbreitungsgrad ist bislang jedoch gering. Ziel der Untersuchung ist die Erfassung entsprechender Angebote im klinischen Setting in Deutschland und die Überprüfung deren Qualitäts- und Strukturmerkmale.
Methode 54 Kliniken mit pädiatrischer Onkologie wurden zur Existenz behandlungsbegleitender Sporttherapie sowie deren Qualitäts- und Strukturmerkmalen in Anlehnung an die DIN EN 15 224:2012 und weitere Merkmale der Strukturqualität befragt.
Ergebnisse 48 Kliniken nahmen an der Befragung teil (Rücklaufquote 89 %). 9 (19 %) der teilnehmenden Kliniken verfügen über ein sporttherapeutisches Angebot im Rahmen der Behandlung und/oder Nachsorge, 39 (81 %) taten dies zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung nicht. Die Sporttherapie stellt bei den jeweiligen Kliniken einen festen Bestandteil der Versorgung dar. Qualifizierung des Personals, räumliche Bedingungen und Ausstattung mit Geräten erscheinen angemessen. Die Finanzierung wird hauptsächlich über Spenden und Drittmittel realisiert.
Schlussfolgerungen Ein Großteil der an Krebs erkrankten Kinder und Jugendlichen in Deutschland hat im Rahmen der Behandlung und Nachsorge keinen Zugang zu speziellen Bewegungsangeboten. Die wissenschaftliche Fundierung der Maßnahme und die Vernetzung unter den Akteuren befinden sich im Aufbau, bislang fehlt jedoch ein Trainingsmanual für die pädiatrische Onkologie im deutschsprachigen Raum sowie eine einheitliche Finanzierungsmöglichkeit der Maßnahme über die Kostenträger.
Herzinsuffizienz behandeln mit Traditioneller Chinesischer Medizin
Authors: Hempen Moritz 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPatienten mit Herzinsuffizienz haben ein um bis zu 40% erhöhtes Risiko, im ersten Jahr nach Diagnosestellung zu versterben. Entscheidend für die Überlebenschancen ist die Pumpleistung des Herzens. Die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin kann mit Akupunktur und Phytotherapie die Beschwerden der Patienten und die Pumpleistung des Herzens entscheidend verbessern – auch in Fällen, in denen die westliche Medizin bereits an ihre Grenzen gestoßen ist. Die Effektivität der TCM ist wissenschaftlich gut belegt. Vor allem die Verabreichung von Aconitiradixlateralispraeparata, Astragaliradix und Salvia miltiorrhizaeradix verbesserte in Studien Symptomatik und Pumpleistung betroffener Patienten.
Nervenkompressionssyndrome bei Musikern
Authors: Jabusch H.-C. , Altenmüller E. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungNervenkompressionssyndrome bei Musikern sind in der Musikerambulanz häufige Krankheitsbilder. Ungünstige Instrumentenergonomie und dysfunktionale Haltungen, lange Übezeiten und psychologische Stressfaktoren tragen zur hohen Prävalenz bei.Die klassischen Nervenkompressionssyndrome, das Karpaltunnelsyndrom und die Ulnaris-Neuropathie, sind oft durch ungünstige Handgelenks- und Ellbogenhaltungen verursacht und können gut konservativ durch Haltungsumstellungen behandelt werden. Auch das Thoracic-Outlet-Syndrome kann meist konservativ mit ergonomischen Maßnahmen, z. B. Rucksackgurten ausheilen. Seltener treten das Pronator-Teres-Syndrom und das Interosseus-Anterior-Syndrom sowie die digitalen Kompressionssyndrome auf.Die meisten Nervenkompressionssyndrome können klinisch leicht erkannt werden, wenn die Untersuchung am Instrument erfolgt und die spezifische Haltearbeit sowie mechanische Kompression analysiert wird. Die Diagnose kann durch Nervenleitgeschwindigkeits-messungen und durch die Neurosonographie gesichert werden, wobei in der sehr sensiblen Patientengruppe häufig die Symptome im Frühstadium elektrophysiologisch nicht objektiviert werden können.
Burnout und/oder Depression?
Authors: Beschoner P. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungBurnout hat sich in Deutschland im klinischen Alltag etabliert, obwohl es sich nach ICD-10 lediglich um eine Zusatzdiagnose handelt und es keine allgemein gültigen Behandlungsempfehlungen gibt. Seit Jahren wird die Sinnhaftigkeit des Konstruktes „Burnout” in der Medizin diskutiert. Eine Reihe von Studien der vergangenen Jahre beschäftigte sich mit den Überschneidungen von Burnout und Depression, ohne jedoch zu einem konstruktiven Umgang mit Burnout zu gelangen. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Überschneidungen von Burnout und Depression hinsichtlich ihrer Konzepte und der bekannten neurobiologischen Mechanismen sowie über die Erkenntnisse aus Studien zur Überlappung der beiden Konstrukte. Abschließend erfolgt ein kurzer Ausblick auf mögliche künftige Forschungsansätze zur besseren Differenzierung und Therapiespezifizierung bei Burnout und Depression im Sinne der RDoC-Initiative.