bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Danhong injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, on nine cytochrome P450 isoforms in vitro
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Xian , Qi Mei‐Juan , Shi Mei‐Zhi , Chen Jun‐Jun , Zhang Xiang‐Qi , Yang Jiao , Zhang Ke‐Zhi , Han Yong‐Long , Guo Cheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDanhong injection (DHI) is made from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. and Carthamus tinctorius L. extract and is widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DHI on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in vitro to predict drug–drug interactions based on CYP450 as combination therapy. To assess the inhibitory effect of DHI on CYP450, we detected the IC50 value of DHI on CYP450 in vitro by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Simultaneously, the induction effect of DHI on CYP450s was also evaluated. The relative induction ratios of DHI on CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activity were calculated by LC–MS/MS. The expression level of CYP3A4 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT‐PCR). The LC–MS/MS data showed DHI intensively inhibit CYP2A6 activity and the intensity of inhibition was followed by CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 in vitro. The results of RT‐PCR showed that there is a certain induction of DHI on CYP3A4 mRNA in human primary hepatocytes in vitro. The study suggested that drug–drug interactions might occur in clinical co‐administration of drugs owing to the CYP2A6 inhibition and CYP3A4 induction.
Implicit but not explicit extinction to threat‐conditioned stimulus prevents spontaneous recovery of threat‐potentiated startle responses in humans
Authors: Oyarzún Javiera P. , Càmara Estela , Kouider Sid , Fuentemilla Lluis , de Diego‐Balaguer Ruth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionIt has long been posited that threat learning operates and forms under an affective and a cognitive learning system that is supported by different brain circuits. A primary drawback in exposure‐based therapies is the high rate of relapse that occurs when higher order areas fail to inhibit responses driven by the defensive circuit. It has been shown that implicit exposure of fearful stimuli leads to a long‐lasting reduction in avoidance behavior in patients with phobia. Despite the potential benefits of this approach in the treatment of phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder, implicit extinction is still underinvestigated.MethodsTwo groups of healthy participants were threat conditioned. The following day, extinction training was conducted using a stereoscope. One group of participants was explicitly exposed with the threat‐conditioned image, while the other group was implicitly exposed using a continuous flash suppression (CFS) technique. On the third day, we tested the spontaneous recovery of defensive responses using explicit presentations of the images.ResultsOn the third day, we found that only the implicit extinction group showed reduced spontaneous recovery of defensive responses to the threat‐conditioned stimulus, measured by threat‐potentiated startle responses but not by the electrodermal activity.ConclusionOur results suggest that implicit extinction using CFS might facilitate the modulation of the affective component of fearful memories, attenuating its expression after 24 hr. The limitations of the CFS technique using threatful stimuli urge the development of new strategies to improve implicit presentations and circumvent such limitations. Our study encourages further investigations of implicit extinction as a potential therapeutic target to further advance exposure‐based psychotherapies.
Functionalized Black Phosphorus Nanocomposite for Biosensing
Authors: Zhuge Zhen , Tang Yi‐Hong , Tao Jian‐Wei , Zhao Yun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA functionalized black phosphorus (BP) nanocomposite was synthesized by non‐covalently combining ionic liquid (IL) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) with BP. The resultant nanocomposite exhibited good biocompatibility, favorable solubility, and enhanced electric conductivity to facilitate the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) and realize fast direct electron transfer with a rate constant (kET) of 15.36 s−1. The immobilized Hb displayed desirable electrocatalytic activity toward nitrite reduction in the range of 80 μM to 3.8 mM with a detection limit of 3.65 μM. The present work advances a new way to construct novel biofriendly BP‐based biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioelectronics with excellent sensitivity and stability.
Selective Encapsulation and Separation of Dihalobenzene Isomers with Discrete Heterometallic Macrocages
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Ning , Lu Ye , Gao Wen‐Xi , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Guo‐Xin Jin at Fudan University. The image depicts the discrete heterometallic macrocage based on half‐sandwich rhodium(III) fragments as an efficient template for separation of para‐dihalobenzene from mixtures of dihalobenzene isomers. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201805383.
Enantioselective vinylation of aldehydes with the vinyl Grignard reagent catalyzed by magnesium complex of chiral BINOLs
Authors: Wang Pei , Ma Guo‐Rong , Yu Sheng‐Li , Da Chao‐Shan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnantioselective vinylation of aldehydes via direct catalytic asymmetric Grignard reaction of aldehdyes and the vinyl Grinard reagent is a long‐standing challenge. This work demonstrated that the magnesium (S)‐3,3′‐dimethyl BINOLate enantioselectively catalyze the direct vinylation of aldehydes with the deactivated vinylmagnesium bromide by bis(2‐[N,N′‐dimethylamino]ethyl) ether (BDMAEE) in the addition of n‐butylmagnesium chloride. The highest ee of 63% was achieved up to date.
A comparison between CO2 gasification of various biomass chars and coal char
Authors: Hu Yuyan , Yu Hangqin , Zhou Fanglei , Chen Dezhen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge (SS), and rice straw (RS) were pyrolyzed under N2 atmosphere and at 550 and 600 °C, and then the produced biochars were used for gasification in a CO2 atmosphere. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, gasification temperature, and CO2/C ratio on the product composition and yield were studied. The results were compared with those from coal char gasification. The CO2 gasification kinetics were determined under CO2 flow by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). CO concentration in the syngas of the gasification experiments can be organized in the following order: MSW char > RS char > SS char > coal char. Considering the energy consumption and CO yield, the recommended gasification temperature for the biomass chars is 900 °C. The activation energies of CO2 gasification calculated from the TGA data based on the most fitted reaction models can be organized in the following order: coal char > RS char > SS char > MSW char, which is consistent with the experimental results. For higher syngas field and lower CO2/C ratio, MSW char is recommended as the best feedstock for in the combined pyrolysis‐gasification process.
Effects of drag force correlations on the mixing and segregation of polydisperse gas‐solid fluidized bed by CFD‐DEM simulation
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Yanjiao , Gao Zhonglin , Li Guofeng , Zhao Yuemin , Duan Chenlong , Dong Liang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe dense gas‐solid fluidized beds with polydisperse particles are commonly encountered in the chemical industry. In this study CFD‐DEM simulation of ternary particles in a bubbling fluidized bed were studied to assess four polydisperse drag correlations, using experimental data from Olaofe et al.[1] as the benchmark. The following was shown: (i) the drag force models of Sarkar et al.,[2] Cello et al.,[3] and Rong et al.[4] can correctly predict the minimum fluidization velocity of the mixture of ternary particles, but Gidaspow's model significantly over‐predicts this;[5] (ii) no model can accurately predict the experimental segregation degree at different gas velocity, but for the cases that were studied, the models from Cello et al.[3] and Sarkar et al.[2] correlated relatively better with Olaofe et al.'s[1] experimental data than others; and (iii) detailed force analysis found that the collisional force of each type of particles is on average not equal to zero, especially for a system that is strongly segregated. In addition, the differences of drag force for different sizes of particles are the key reason for size segregation rather than pressure gradient force.
Self‐management intervention for head and neck cancer couples: Results of a randomized pilot trial
Authors: Badr Hoda , Herbert Krista , Chhabria Karishma , Sandulache Vlad C. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. , Wagner Timothy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience significant physical and psychological morbidity during radiotherapy (RT) that contributes to treatment interruptions and a poor quality of life. Although spouses/partners can help by encouraging patient self‐management (eg, self‐care) during RT, they often experience high psychological distress rates, lack basic health care knowledge and skills, and report increased marital conflict regarding patient self‐management. The current pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a 6‐session telephone‐based intervention called Spouses coping with the Head And neck Radiation Experience (SHARE), which teaches self‐management, communication, and coping skills to patients with HNC and their spouses. The treatment effects of SHARE compared with usual medical care (UMC) in controlling patient physical symptoms and improving patient/spouse psychological and marital functioning also were examined.MethodsThirty patients who initiated RT and their spouses (60 participants; 40% of whom were racial/ethnic minorities) were randomized to SHARE or UMC, and preintervention and postintervention assessments were completed.ResultsSolid recruitment (70%) and low attrition rates (7%) demonstrated feasibility. Strong program evaluations and homework completion rates (72%) supported acceptability. Significant treatment effects (medium in magnitude) were observed for SHARE compared with UMC with regard to HNC‐specific physical symptom burden (Cohen’s d, ‐0.89) and symptom interference (Cohen’s d, ‐0.86). Medium to large effects favoring SHARE also were found for patient and spouse depressive symptoms (Cohen’s d, ‐0.84) and cancer‐specific distress (Cohen’s d, ‐1.05).ConclusionsThe findings of the current study support the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of SHARE. They also suggest that programs that empower HNC couples with the necessary skills to coordinate care and manage the challenges of RT together hold great promise for controlling a patient’s physical symptoms and improving the psychological functioning of both partners.
Atlas of the telencephalon based on cytoarchitecture, neurochemical markers, and gene expressions in Rhinogobius flumineus [Mizuno, 1960]
Authors: Kawaguchi Masahumi , Hagio Hanako , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Matsumoto Koji , Nakayama Kei , Akazome Yasuhisa , Izumi Hironori , Tsuneoka Yousuke , Suto Fumikazu , Murakami Yasunori , Ichijo Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGobiida is a basal subseries of percomorphs in teleost fishes, holding a useful position for comparisons with other orders of Percomorpha as well as other cohort of teleosts. Here, we describe a telencephalic atlas of a Gobiida species Rhinogobius flumineus (Mizuno, Memoirs of the College of Science, University of Kyoto, Series B: Biology, 1960; 27, 3), based on cytoarchitectural observations, combined with analyses of the distribution patterns of neurochemical markers and transcription factors. The telencephalon of R. flumineus shows a number of features distinct from those of other teleosts. Among others, the followings were of special note. (a) The lateral part of dorsal telencephalon (Dl), which is known as a visual center in other teleosts, is composed of as many as seven regions, some of which are conspicuous, circumscribed by cell plates. These subdivisions of the Dl can be differentiated clearly by differential soma size and color with Nissl‐staining, and distribution patterns of neural markers. (b) Cell populations continuous with the ventral region of dorsal part of ventral telencephalon (vVd) exhibit extensive dimension. Especially, portion 1 of the central part of ventral telencephalon appears to represent a cell population laterally translocated from the vVd, forming a large cluster of small cells that penetrate deep into the central part of dorsal telencephalon. (c) The magnocellular subdivision of dorsal part of dorsal telencephalon (Ddmg) contains not only large cells but also vglut2a‐positive clusters of small cells that cover a wide range of the caudal Ddmg. Such clusters of small cells have not been observed in the Ddmg of other teleosts.
Human paleoneurology: Shaping cortical evolution in fossil hominids
Authors: Bruner Emiliano 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEvolutionary neuroanatomy must integrate two different sources of information, namely from fossil and from living species. Fossils supply information concerning the process of evolution, whereas living species supply information on the product of evolution. Unfortunately, the fossil record is partial and fragmented, and often cannot support validations for specific evolutionary hypotheses. Living species can provide more comprehensive indications, but they do not represent ancestral groups or primitive forms. Macaques or chimpanzees are frequently used as proxy for human ancestral conditions, despite the fact they are divergent and specialized lineages, with their own biological features. Similarly, in paleoanthropology independent lineages (such as Neanderthals) should not be confused with ancestral modern human stages. In this comparative framework, paleoneurology deals with the analysis of the endocranial cavity in extinct species, in order to make inferences on brain evolution. A main target of this field is to distinguish the endocranial variations due to brain changes, from those due to cranial constraints. Digital anatomy and computed morphometrics have provided major advances in this field. However, brains and endocasts can be hard to analyze with geometrical models, because of uncertainties due to the localization of cortical landmarks and boundaries. The study of the evolution of the parietal cortex supplies an interesting case‐study in which paleontological and neontological data can integrate and test evolutionary hypotheses based on multiple sources of evidence. The relationships with visuospatial functions and brain–body–tool integration stress further that the analysis of the cognitive system should go beyond the neural boundaries of the brain.
Distribution, projections, and association with calbindin baskets of motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons in guinea‐pig distal colon
Authors: Smolilo D. J. , Costa M. , Hibberd T. J. , Brookes S. J. H. , Wattchow D. A. , Spencer N. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNormal gut function relies on the activity of the enteric nervous system (ENS) found within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The structural and functional organization of the ENS has been extensively studied in the guinea pig small intestine, but less is known about colonic circuitry. Given that there are significant differences between these regions in function, observed motor patterns and pathology, it would be valuable to have a better understanding of the colonic ENS. Furthermore, disorders of colonic motor function, such as irritable bowel syndrome, are much more common. We have recently reported specialized basket‐like structures, immunoreactive for calbindin, that likely underlie synaptic inputs to specific types of calretinin‐immunoreactive neurons in the guinea‐pig colon. Based on detailed immunohistochemical analysis, we postulated the recipient neurons may be excitatory motor neurons and ascending interneurons. In the present study, we combined retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to examine the projections of circular muscle motor neurons, myenteric interneurons, and putative sensory neurons. We focused on neurons with immunoreactivity for calbindin, calretinin and nitric oxide synthase and their relationship with calbindin baskets. Retrograde tracing using indocarbocyanine dye (DiI) revealed that many of the nerve cell bodies surrounded by calbindin baskets belong to motor neurons and ascending interneurons. Unique functional classes of myenteric neurons were identified based on morphology, neuronal markers and polarity of projection. We provide evidence for three groups of ascending motor neurons based on immunoreactivity and association with calbindin baskets, a finding that may have significant functional implications.
Expression of class III Semaphorins and their receptors in the developing chicken (Gallus gallus) inner ear
Authors: Scott M. Katie , Yue Jia , Biesemeier Deborah J. , Lee Joo Won , Fekete Donna M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClass III Semaphorin (Sema) secreted ligands are known to repel neurites expressing Neuropilin (Nrp) and/or Plexin (Plxn) receptors. There is, however, a growing body of literature supporting that Sema signaling also has alternative roles in development such as synaptogenesis, boundary formation, and vasculogenesis. To evaluate these options during inner ear development, we used in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry to map the expression of Sema3D, Sema3F, Nrp1, Nrp2, and PlxnA1 in the chicken (Gallus gallus) inner ear from embryonic day (E)5–E10. The resulting expression patterns in either the otic epithelium or its surrounding mesenchyme suggest that Sema signaling could be involved in each of the varied functions reported for other tissues. Sema3D expression flanking the sensory tissue in vestibular organs suggests that it may repel Nrp2‐ and PlxnA1‐expressing neurites of the vestibular ganglion away from nonsensory epithelia, thus channeling them into the sensory domains at E5–E8. Expression of Sema signaling genes in the sensory hair cells of both the auditory and vestibular organs on E8–E10 may implicate Sema signaling in synaptogenesis. In the nonsensory regions of the cochlea, Sema3D in the future tegmentum vasculosum opposes Nrp1 and PlxnA1 in the future cuboidal cells; the abutment of ligand and receptors in adjacent domains may enforce or maintain the boundary between them. In the mesenchyme, Nrp1 colocalized with capillary‐rich tissue. Sema3D immediately flanks this Nrp1‐expressing tissue, suggesting a role in endothelial cell migration towards the inner ear. In summary, Sema signaling may play multiple roles in the developing inner ear.
Nervous system characterization during the development of a basal echinoderm, the feather star Antedon mediterranea
Authors: Mercurio Silvia , Gattoni Giacomo , Messinetti Silvia , Sugni Michela , Pennati Roberta 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeural development of echinoderms has always been difficult to interpret, as larval neurons degenerate at metamorphosis and a tripartite nervous system differentiates in the adult. Despite their key phylogenetic position as basal echinoderms, crinoids have been scarcely studied in developmental research. However, since they are the only extant echinoderms retaining the ancestral body plan of the group, crinoids are extremely valuable models to clarify neural evolution in deuterostomes. Antedon mediterranea is a feather star, endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Its development includes a swimming lecithotrophic larva, the doliolaria, with basiepithelial nerve plexus, and a sessile filter‐feeding juvenile, the pentacrinoid, whose nervous system has never been described in detail. Thus, we characterized the nervous system of both these developmental stages by means of immunohistochemistry and, for the first time, in situ hybridization techniques. The results confirmed previous descriptions of doliolaria morphology and revealed that the larval apical organ contains two bilateral clusters of serotonergic cells while GABAergic neurons are localized under the adhesive pit. This suggested that different larval activities (e.g., attachment and metamorphosis) are under the control of different neural populations. In pentacrinoids, the analysis showed the presence of a cholinergic entoneural system while the ectoneural plexus appeared more composite, displaying different neural populations. The expression of three neural‐related microRNAs was described for the first time, suggesting that these are evolutionarily conserved also in basal echinoderms. Overall, our results set the stage for future investigations that will reveal new information on echinoderm evo‐devo neurobiology.
Extensive branching of radially‐migrating neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex
Authors: Martínez‐Martínez Maria Á. , Ciceri Gabriele , Espinós Alexandre , Fernández Virginia , Marín Oscar , Borrell Víctor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExcitatory neurons of the cerebral cortex migrate radially from their place of birth to their final position in the cortical plate during development. Radially‐migrating neurons display a single leading process that establishes the direction of movement. This leading process has been described as being unbranched, and the occurrence of branches proposed to impair radial migration. Here we have analyzed the detailed morphology of leading process in radially‐migrating pyramidal neurons and its impact on radial migration. We have compared ferret and mouse to identify differences between cortices that undergo folding or not. In mouse, we find that half of radially‐migrating neurons exhibit a branched leading process, this being even more frequent in ferret. Branched leading processes are less parallel to radial glia fibers than those unbranched, suggesting some independence from radial glia fibers. Two‐photon videomicroscopy revealed that a vast majority of neurons branch their leading process at some point during radial migration, but this does not reduce their migration speed. We have tested the functional impact of exuberant leading process branching by expressing a dominant negative Cdk5. We confirm that loss of Cdk5 function significantly impairs radial migration, but this is independent from increased branching of the leading process. We propose that excitatory neurons may branch their leading process as an evolutionary mechanism to allow cells changing their trajectory of migration to disperse laterally, such that increased branching in gyrencephalic species favors the tangential dispersion of radially‐migrating neurons, and cortical folding.
Temperature‐ and Pressure‐induced Structural Transition of Binary Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Ahn Yun‐Ho , Baek Seungjun , Min Juwon , Cha Minjun , Lee Jae W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe discover new structure II (sII) hydrate forming agents of two C4H8O molecules (2‐methyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol and 2‐butanone) and report the abnormal structural transition of binary C4H8O+CH4 hydrates between structure I (sI) and sII with varying temperature and pressure conditions. In both (2‐methyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol+CH4) and (2‐butanone+CH4) systems, the phase boundary of the two different hydrate phases (sI and sII) exists at the slope change of the phase‐equilibrium curve in the semi‐logarithmic plots. We confirm the crystal structures of two hydrates synthesized at low (278 K and 6 MPa) and high (286 K and 15 MPa) temperature and pressure conditions by using high‐resolution powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. 2‐Methyl‐2‐propen‐1‐ol and 2‐butanone can occupy the large cages of sII hydrate at low temperature and pressure conditions; however, they are excluded from the hydrate phase at high temperature and pressure conditions, resulting in the formation of pure sI CH4 hydrate.