bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting decision-relevant ethical product attributes for grocery shopping
Authors: Hasanzade Vüsal , Osburg Victoria-Sophie , Toporowski Waldemar 
Published: February 2018

PurposeDespite the existence of various approaches for promoting ethical consumption, it remains a challenge to determine which ethical product features are actually decision relevant for consumers. Based on the assumption that values influence behavior across a range of situations, the purpose of this paper is to explore consumers preferences for product information items that address underlying motivators (i.e. concerns about the environment, animal welfare, other humans, price). Information preferences are also determined for different consumer segments separately, enabling one to target consumer groups with specific decision-relevant information.Design/methodology/approachA German online survey was conducted with mainly young consumers. The survey used a choice-based conjoint analysis (CBCA) with the relevant product information items chosen based on an analysis of the attributes of dairy products and the guidelines for eco- and fair trade labels. The identified items were assigned to the ethical criteria of animal welfare, environmental protection, and labor and human rights. These criteria, along with price and country of origin, represent the attributes of the CBCA.FindingsThe results indicate that information about animal welfare increases consumer choice the most, followed by information about labor and human rights, and environmental protection. Three identified segments differ with respect to their decision-relevant product information: ethically motivated consumers (53.8 percent), price oriented consumers (12 percent), and price-quality oriented consumers (34.2 percent).Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of how ethical product information can most effectively be communicated to consumers, particularly for dairy products. The results highlight the need to carefully select ethical product information based on the target consumer segment in order to promote ethical consumption.
Position adjusted turnover ratio and mutual fund performance
Authors: Fan Yuhong 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of position adjusted turnover ratio on mutual fund performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The author calculates position adjusted turnover ratio in the same three steps as Edelen et al. (2013). Position adjusted turnover ratio is intended to be a trading cost proxy that captures both fund trading volume and per-trade costs. A metric of eight Morningstar performance measures is utilized.

Findings
Results show that funds with a higher position adjusted turnover ratio tend to have a lower risk-adjusted performance, such as indicated by both Sharpe and Sortino ratios, and even though these funds may have a higher annualized return.

Research limitations/implications
The sample selection process is subject to a survival bias. Also, this study utilizes Morningstar performance measures rather than the widely used factors models.

Practical implications
This study examines the impact of invisible costs from fund trading. These findings encourage fund managers to take strategic steps to reduce the overall invisible cost impact to improve fund performance.

Originality/value
Few studies have investigated fund trading cost measured by position adjusted turnover ratio and its impact on fund performance. Further, this study contributes to current literature by using eight Morningstar fund performance variables, which are practitioner-oriented and are accessible by investors.
Do mutual fund ratings provide valuable information for retail investors?
Authors: Oehler Andreas , Höfer Andreas , Horn Matthias , Wendt Stefan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Retail investors use information provided by mutual fund rating agencies to make investment decisions. This paper aims to examine whether the ratings provide useful information to retail investors by analyzing the rating migration and closure risk of mutual funds that received Morningstar’s mutual fund ratings from 2005 to 2012.

Design/methodology/approach
The research design differentiates between buy-and-hold investment strategies and dynamic investment strategies. To assess the information content of mutual fund ratings for buy-and-hold investment strategies, the rating migration based on the first and the last mutual fund rating during two-, four-, six- and eight-year horizons is determined. With respect to dynamic investment strategies, the number of rating changes per fund on a monthly basis during these time horizons is calculated.

Findings
Mutual fund rating persistence is low or even inexistent, in particular, during longer time periods. Only for lower-rated funds, the rating appears to indicate higher risk of fund closure. In addition, mutual funds face a large number of up to 38 monthly rating changes in the eight-year window.

Originality/value
Mutual fund rating persistence has hardly been analyzed for funds offered to retail investors so far. This paper clearly points out that because of the extensive rating migration and the high number of monthly rating changes, retail investors barely benefit from using mutual fund ratings.
Wearable sensors for ECG measurement: a review
Authors: Ramasamy Sudha , Balan Archana 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Recent developments in wearable technologies have paved the way for continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, without the need for any laboratory settings. A number of wearable sensors ranging from wet electrode sensors to dry sensors, textile-based sensors, knitted integrated sensors (KIS) and planar fashionable circuit boards are used in ECG measurement. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative study of the different sensors used for ECG measurements. The current challenges faced in developing wearable ECG sensors are also reviewed.

Design/methodology/approach
This study carries out a comparative analysis of different wearable ECG sensors on the basis of four important aspects: materials and methods used to develop the sensors, working principle, implementation and performance. Each of the aspects has been reviewed with regard to the main types of wearable ECG sensors available.

Findings
A comparative study of the sensors helps understand the differences in their operating principles. While some sensors may have a higher efficiency, the others might ensure more user comfort. It is important to strike the right balance between the various aspects influencing the sensor performance.

Originality/value
Wearable ECG sensors have revolutionized the world of ambulatory ECG monitoring and helped in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases. A comparative study of the available technologies will help both doctors and researchers gain an understanding of the shortcomings in the existing systems.
Tracking of moving magnetic target based on magnetic gradient system with total field magnetometers
Authors: Fan Liming , Kang Xiyuan , Zheng Quan , Zhang Xiaojun , Liu Xuejun , Geng Zhoushan , Kang Chong 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the tracking of a moving magnetic target by using total field magnetometers and to present a tracking method based on the gradient of a magnetic anomaly. In the tracking, it is assumed that the motion of the target is equivalent to a first-order Markov process. And the unit direction vector of the magnetic moment from the gradient of the magnetic anomaly can be obtained. According to the unit direction vector, the inverse problem is turned into an optimization problem to estimate the parameters of the target. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve this optimization problem. The proposed method is validated by the numerical simulation and real data. The parameters of the target can be calculated rapidly using the proposed method. And the results show that the estimated parameters of the mobile target using the proposed method are very close to the true values.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors focus on the tracking of a moving magnetic target by using total field magnetometers and present a tracking method based on the gradient of a magnetic anomaly.

Findings
The paper provides an effective method for tracking the magnetic target based on an array with total field sensors.

Originality/value
Comparing with a vector magnetic sensor, the measurement of the scalar magnetic sensor is almost not influenced by its orientation. In this paper, a moving magnetic target was tracked by using total field magnetometers and a tracking method presented based on the gradient of a magnetic anomaly.
Micro-cracks detection of multicrystalline solar cell surface based on self-learning features and low-rank matrix recovery
Authors: Qian Xiaoliang , Zhang Heqing , Yang Cunxiang , Wu Yuanyuan , He Zhendong , Wu Qing-E , Zhang Huanlong 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the generalization capability of feature extraction scheme by introducing a micro-cracks detection method based on self-learning features. Micro-cracks detection of multicrystalline solar cell surface based on machine vision is fast, economical, intelligent and easier for on-line detection. However, the generalization capability of feature extraction scheme adopted by existed methods is limited, which has become an obstacle for further improving the detection accuracy.Design/methodology/approachA novel micro-cracks detection method based on self-learning features and low-rank matrix recovery is proposed in this paper. First, the input image is preprocessed to suppress the noises and remove the busbars and fingers. Second, a self-learning feature extraction scheme in which the feature extraction templates are changed along with the input image is introduced. Third, the low-rank matrix recovery is applied to the decomposition of self-learning feature matrix for obtaining the preliminary detection result. Fourth, the preliminary detection result is optimized by incorporating the superpixel segmentation. Finally, the optimized result is further fine-tuned by morphological postprocessing.FindingsComprehensive evaluations are implemented on a data set which includes 120 testing images and corresponding human-annotated ground truth. Specifically, subjective evaluations show that the shape of detected micro-cracks is similar to the ground truth, and objective evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method has a high detection accuracy.Originality/valueFirst, a self-learning feature extraction method which has good generalization capability is proposed. Second, the low-rank matrix recovery is combined with superpixel segmentation for locating the defective regions.
Deconstruction of a plant‐arthropod community reveals influential plant traits with nonlinear effects on arthropod assemblages
Authors: Harrison Joshua G. , Philbin Casey S. , Gompert Zachariah , Forister Glen W. , Hernandez‐Espinoza Leonardo , Sullivan Benjamin W. , Wallace Ian S. , Beltran Lyra , Dodson Craig D. , Francis Jacob S. , Schlageter Amie , Shelef Oren , Yoon Su'ad A. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStudies of herbivores and secondary consumer communities rarely incorporate a comprehensive characterization of primary producer trait variation, thus limiting our understanding of how plants mediate community assembly of consumers.We took advantage of recent technological developments for efficient generation of phytochemical, microbial and genomic data to characterize individual alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa; Fabaceae) growing in an old‐field, semi‐naturalized state for 770 traits (including 753 chemical features). Using random forest modelling, we investigated the effect of variation in these traits on arthropod and fungal assemblages while accounting for plant genetic structure.We found that traits indicative of plant vigour, including size, percentage of flowering stems and leaf area, were positively associated with arthropod richness and abundance. Most phytochemicals were, by comparison, poor predictors, although phytochemical diversity and several individual phenolic compounds were important. Plants with a higher proportion of flowering stems were hotspots of intertrophic interactions with higher species richness of secondary consumers. The effects of many traits on plant‐associated assemblages were best modelled as nonlinear functions, often incorporating threshold effects. Foliar fungal richness was not well predicted by our models, suggesting we have much to learn regarding the role of plant traits on phyllosphere fungi at small spatial scales.Our results support the need for characterization of multiple axes of plant phenotypes in studies of plant‐arthropod‐microbe communities and demonstrate the value of modern analytical techniques for understanding the nonlinear ways in which plant traits mediate the structure of associated biotic communities.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Psychosocial stress differentially affects emotional empathy in women with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls
Authors: Wingenfeld K. , Duesenberg M. , Fleischer J. , Roepke S. , Dziobek I. , Otte C. , Wolf O. T. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveDeficits in empathy, an important part of social cognition, have been described in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Importantly, psychosocial stress enhances emotional empathy in healthy participants. However, it remains unknown whether stress affects empathy in BPD.MethodWe randomized 47 women with BPD and 47 healthy women to either the Trier Social Stress Test or a control condition. Subsequently, all participants underwent the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET), a measure of cognitive and emotional facets of empathy.ResultsAcross groups, stress resulted in a significant increase in cortisol and stress ratings. There was a significant stress × group interaction for emotional empathy (Fdf1,92 = 5.12, P = 0.04, = 0.05). While there was no difference between patients with BPD and healthy participants after the control condition, patients with BPD had significantly lower emotional empathy scores after stress compared to healthy individuals. There were no effects for cognitive empathy.ConclusionThe current finding provides first evidence that stress differentially affects emotional empathy in patients with BPD and healthy individuals such that patients with BPD showed reduced emotional empathy compared to healthy women after stress. Given the strong impact of stress on acute psychopathology in patients with BPD, such a response may exacerbate interpersonal conflicts in stress contexts and may be an important target for therapeutic interventions.
‘Addressed to you not as a smoker… but as a doctor’: doctor‐targeted cigarette advertisements inJAMA
Authors: Jackler Robert K. , Ayoub Noel F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and aimDuring the mid‐20th century tobacco companies placed advertisements in medical journals to entice physicians to smoke their brand and, more importantly, to recommend it to their patients. They have been little studied, in part because advertising sections in medical journals are almost universally discarded before binding. This study aimed to define the themes and techniques used in doctor‐targeted tobacco advertisements that appeared in American medical journals in the mid‐20th century and determine the motivations and tactics of the tobacco industry in engaging the medical profession in this way.MethodsDoctor‐targeted tobacco advertisements fromJAMAand theNew York State Medical Journalappearing between 1936 and 1953 were studied. These were obtained from the New York Academy of Medicine and the UCSF Truth database of tobacco industry documents. Content analysis of advertising slogans and imagery was conducted. Using internal tobacco industry documents, we examined the relationship between tobacco advertisers and medical journals.ResultsAmong the 519 doctor‐targeted advertisements, 13 brands were represented, with two (Philip Morris and Camel) accounting for 84%. Correspondence between tobacco advertisers and medical journal editors reveals the potent influence of revenue to the sponsoring society and personal compensation derived from consulting arrangements. Content analysis of the advertisements revealed much flattery of doctors and arguments professing the harmlessness of the company's brand.ConclusionsAnalysis of doctor‐targeted tobacco advertisements in American medical journals from 1936 to 1953 suggest that tobacco companies targeted physicians as a potential sales force to assuage the public's fear of health risks and to recruit them as allies against negative publicity. Tobacco companies also appeared to try, through the substantial advertising revenue passed by journals to their parent medical societies, to temper any possible opposition by organized medicine.
Chitotriosidase inhibits allergic asthmatic airways via regulation of TGF‐β expression and Foxp3+ Treg cells
Authors: Hong J. Y. , Kim M. , Sol I. S. , Kim K. W. , Lee C.‐M. , Elias J. A. , Sohn M. H. , Lee C. G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundChitotriosidase (chitinase 1, Chit1), a major true chitinase in humans, is induced in childhood asthma and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and tissue remodeling responses. However, the role and the mechanisms that underlie these contributions to the diseases have not been defined. We hypothesized that Chit1 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.MethodsWild‐type and Chit1‐deficient mice and cells in culture were used to define the roles of Chit1 in models of allergic adaptive Th2 inflammation. In addition, the levels of sputum Chit1 were evaluated in pediatric asthma patients and compared to control.ResultsThe levels of sputum Chit1 were significantly increased in the patients with childhood asthma. Mice with Chit1 null mutation demonstrated enhanced allergic Th2 inflammatory and cytokine and IgE responses to OVA or house dust mite allergen sensitization and challenge. However, the expression levels of TGF‐β1 were significantly decreased with a diminished number of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the lungs of Chit1−/− mice compared to WT controls. In vitro, the absence of Chit1 significantly reduced TGF‐β‐stimulated conversion of CD4+CD25− naïve T cells to CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells, suggesting Chit1 is required for optimal effect of TGF‐β1 in Treg cell differentiation.ConclusionChit1 plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation and asthmatic airway responses via regulation of TGF‐β expression and Foxp3+ Treg cells.
A mixed‐methods evaluation of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland Uganda Fellowship Scheme
Authors: Hewitt‐Smith A. , Bulamba F. , Ttendo S. , Pappenheim K. , Walker I. A. , Smith A. F. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and the then Uganda Society of Anaesthesia established the Uganda Fellowship Scheme in 2006, to provide scholarships to encourage doctors to train in anaesthesia in Uganda. We conducted an evaluation of this programme using online questionnaires and face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews with trainees who received scholarships, as well as with senior surgeons and anaesthetists. Focus group discussions were held to assess changes in attitudes towards anaesthesia over the last 10 years. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method. A total of 54 Ugandan doctors have received anaesthesia scholarships since 2006 (median funding per trainee (IQR [range]) £5520 (£5520–£6750 [£765–£9000]). There has been a four‐fold increase in the number of physician anaesthetists in Uganda during this time. All those who received funding remain in the region. The speciality of anaesthesia is undergoing a dramatic transformation led by this group of motivated young anaesthetists. There is increased access to intensive care, and this has allowed surgical specialities to develop. There is greater understanding and visibility of anaesthesia, and the quality of education in anaesthesia throughout the country has improved. The Uganda Fellowship Scheme provided a relatively small financial incentive to encourage doctors to train as anaesthetists. Evaluation of the project shows a wide‐ranging impact that extends beyond the initial goal of simply improving human resource capacity. Financial incentives combined with strong ‘north‐south’ links between professional organisations can play an important role in tackling the shortage of anaesthesia providers in a low‐income country and in improving access to safe surgery and anaesthesia.
Why do children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia not attend neonatal follow‐up care? Parental views of barriers
Authors: Brady Jennifer M. , Pouppirt Nicole , Bernbaum Judy , D'Agostino Jo Ann , Gerdes Marsha , Hoffman Casey , Cook Noah , Hurt Hallam , Kirpalani Haresh , DeMauro Sara B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimTo assess in children with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia at a corrected age of 18–36 months: (i) Neonatal follow‐up clinic attendance rates; (ii) Parent‐identified reasons for difficulty attending neonatal follow‐up.MethodsMixed methods study utilising semi‐structured phone interviews with parents of infants eligible for follow‐up with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (defined as gestational age <32 weeks and requiring ≥30% FiO2 and/or >2 L nasal cannula at 36 weeks post‐menstrual age) at 18–36 months corrected age. Questions addressed barriers to neonatal follow‐up attendance. Enrolment continued to saturation (no new themes emerging).ResultsA total of 58 infants (69% male) were enrolled. Infants were 26 ± 2.1 weeks gestational age and birth weight 794 ± 262 g. At 28 ± 5.8 months corrected age, 26% had never attended neonatal follow‐up clinic, 16% stopped attending before discharge, 5% were discharged, and 53% were still followed. Longer travel distance from home to follow‐up clinic was associated with poorer attendance. Parent‐generated items related to neonatal follow‐up barriers were coded into four themes: Logistics, Time, Perceptions and Emotional Stress.ConclusionDespite high risk of developmental delay in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal follow‐up rates are suboptimal. Careful review of parent‐identified barriers could be utilised to develop targeted strategies to improve neonatal follow‐up attendance in this high‐risk population.
REFLECTIONS ON THE FUTURE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL, NONPROFIT AND COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE
Authors: BEN‐NER Avner 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe paper explores the circumstances and conditions that give rise to demand for and supply of social, nonprofit and cooperative enterprises. It examines likely future changes in the economic, social and technological environments and reflects on how these changes may affect demand for and supply of these enterprises. The paper concludes that changes in the environment are like to generate conflicting trends, although a dominant trend may emerge: an increase in the number of social, nonprofit and cooperative enterprises that are oriented towards the satisfaction of needs of specific ethno‐cultural groups. This trend may be amplified by the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing (3D printing), which will facilitate local production where consumers are located.
Letter: innovative use of the alfapump system to treat a small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Weil D. , Christmann P.‐Y. , Sailley N. , Thévenot T. 
Published: February 2018

Linked contentThis article is linked to Stirnimann et al and Stirnimann and De Gottardi papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org.10.1111/apt.14331 and https://doi.org.10.1111/apt.14500.