bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMODIFICATION OF RELIGION: BETWEEN RELIGION AND MANIPULATION (A LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Pujianto Wahyu Eko , Yulianto Mochamad Rizal , Hidayatulloh Hidayatulloh 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study investigates the current practices of religious commodification and their effects on religious authenticity, focusing on how commercialization impacts the spiritual integrity of religious values. Method: Employing a literature study approach, the research analyzed 53 articles selected from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, JIM, and ResearchGate. These articles were drawn from an initial pool of 30,590 publications related to religious commodification, with 20 articles serving as the analytical framework. Results: The findings reveal that religious commodification is a manipulative practice aimed at material gain, often resulting in the erosion of spiritual values and the reduction of religion to a consumable commodity. This process undermines the sacredness of religious practices, transforming them into tools for societal and economic exploitation. Novelty: The study highlights that religious commodification is not merely a commercial phenomenon but a materialistic intrusion that challenges the foundational beliefs and authenticity of religious practices. This perspective underscores the need to reexamine the balance between spiritual and material elements in religious contexts. Future research should incorporate direct case studies to provide empirical insights into the nuanced practices of religious commodification, offering critical guidance for religious communities and policymakers
THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP IN PROMOTING JOB SATISFACTION IN BASRA OIL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Alsadoon Abdulrazak Amer Adnan 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study examines the impact of transformative leadership on job satisfaction among employees in Basra's oil industry, focusing on the Rumaila and Zubair oil fields.To explore how leadership dimensions—Inspirational Motivation, Individualized Consideration, Intellectual Stimulation, and Idealized Influence—individually and collectively influence employee job satisfaction. Method: A descriptive correlational design was employed, with data collected via a structured questionnaire from 250 respondents (91% response rate) selected through random sampling. The 25-item questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale to measure leadership practices and job satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Significant positive correlations were identified between all leadership dimensions and job satisfaction, with Idealized Influence showing the strongest impact (r = 0.67, β = 0.32, p < 0.01). The model explained 55% of the variance in job satisfaction, highlighting the substantial role of transformative leadership. Novelty: This study fills a gap in understanding the relationship between transformative leadership and job satisfaction within the oil sector in Iraq, emphasizing the need for leadership development programs to foster employee well-being in challenging industrial environments. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and managers aiming to enhance organizational outcomes through effective leadership.
Room Air Purification through the “Silent Virus Killer”
Authors: R. Asfar Khaled , M. Sawan Saifeddin 
Published: November 2024

A “Silent Virus Killer” is proposed for room air purification/sanitization. This unit is primarily an indoor space heater in winter time in many homes around the world as kerosene or gas heaters. The proposed outcome of these heaters, in addition to warming room air with high thermal efficiency, is thought to annihilate airborne viruses, bacteria, and living organisms inside rooms, classrooms, or businesses. These airborne micro-organisms are completely eliminated by incineration when the air carrying these tiny creatures passes through the high-temperature glowing dome space heaters. Kerosene and LPG gas burn at temperatures above 900o C. No living organisms can survive these temperatures. The Corona virus and all other viruses cannot survive temperatures above 70oC. The driving force that moves the heated air upwards above the heater and draws cold air from below the heater is due to buoyancy. Rising hot air column cools down when it mixes with the room colder air and eventually impinges the much colder ceiling. Consequently, it diverges radially outward from the point of impingement with the ceiling and goes down towards the floor. The current study consists of two parts; Numerical simulation of the flow field due to this phenomenon as well as an experimental part which measures temperature and velocity distribution in the rising hot air column. The numerical simulation is carried out using the XFLOW Code. Several combustion temperatures are assumed at the outlet of the glowing dome in the heater ranging from 600-900 degrees Celsius. Temperatures and rising hot air column upward velocities are obtained. The experimental part is also carried out on a kerosene heater and its effect on purifying/sanitizing the room air is studied. The location of the heater in a given room size is investigated and an optimum position is determined. Room ventilation is a necessity for such heaters.
Pelvic floor muscle training associated with the photobiomodulation therapy for women affected by the genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a study protocol
Authors: Oliveira Bezerra Lívia , de Carvalho Maria Letícia Araújo Silva , Silva-Filho Edson , Clara Eugênia de Oliveira Maria , de Andrade Palloma Rodrigues , Micussi Maria Thereza Albuquerque Barbosa Cabral 
Published: November 2024

Background
Frequently, the women affected by the genitourinary syndrome of menopause experience genitourinary dysfunctions that profoundly influence their overall health. Even though the symptoms do not jeopardize the women’s lives, the urinary and sexual dysfunctions significantly impact their quality of life. Isolated treatments focused on the main causes of the dysfunctions, such as pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and photobiomodulation have shown significant improvements in genitourinary dysfunctions. So, the association of PFMT with photobiomodulation may generate additional effects in the genitourinary area. This study aims to create a PFMT protocol isolated and associated with photobiomodulation therapy in women affected by the genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Methods
It is a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial protocol study that will include women experiencing genitourinary symptoms related to menopause, sexually active, never practiced pelvic floor muscle exercise or photobiomodulation treatment, and do not use hormone replacement therapy for at least 3 months. The randomization will allocate the women to three groups: PFMT group, PFMT associated with active intracavitary photobiomodulation group, and PFMT associated with sham intracavitary photobiomodulation group. A total of 16 sessions will be conducted twice a week. The assessments will occur before interventions, after the sixteenth session, and 1 month after the sixteenth session (follow-up). The evaluation will include the pelvic floor muscle vaginal manometry as the primary outcome. Also, the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire—short form, the female sexual function index, the Utian Quality of Life scale, the patient global impression of improvement, the modified Oxford scale, and the vaginal health index will be the secondary outcomes.

Discussion
Despite there are gold standard treatments such as PFMT, to alleviate genitourinary symptoms, interventions mirroring clinical practice are needed. This study protocol might show a groundbreaking and viable method to potentiate the effects of a gold-standard treatment associated with photobiomodulation.

Conclusion
We expect this protocol to demonstrate that the use of PFMT and photobiomodulation strategies is feasible and able to potentiate the recovery of women affected by the genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte approved the study (n° 6.038.283), and the clinical trials platform registered the protocol (n° RBR-5r7zrs2).
Confidence and Attitudes Toward Osteoarthritis Care Among the Current and Emerging Health Workforce: A Multinational Interprofessional Study
Authors: Briggs Andrew M. , Hinman Rana S. , Darlow Ben , Bennell Kim L. , Leech Michelle , Pizzari Tania , Greig Alison M. , MacKay Crystal , Bendrups Andrea , Larmer Peter J. , Francis‐Cracknell Alison , Houlding Elizabeth , Desmond Lucy A. , Jordan Joanne E. , Minaee Novia , Slater Helen 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo measure confidence and attitudes of the current and emerging interprofessional workforce concerning osteoarthritis (OA) care.MethodsStudy design is a multinational (Australia, New Zealand, Canada) cross‐sectional survey of clinicians (general practitioners [GPs], GP registrars, primary care nurses, and physiotherapists) and final‐year medical and physiotherapy students. GPs and GP registrars were only sampled in Australia/New Zealand and Australia, respectively. The study outcomes are as follows: confidence in OA knowledge and skills (customized instrument), biomedical attitudes to care (Pain Attitudes Beliefs Scale [PABS]), attitudes toward high‐ and low‐value care (customized items), attitudes toward exercise/physical activity (free‐text responses).ResultsA total of 1886 clinicians and 1161 students responded. Although a number of interprofessional differences were identified, confidence in OA knowledge and skills was consistently greatest among physiotherapists and lowest among nurses (eg, the mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] for physiotherapist‐nurse analyses were 9.3 [7.7‐10.9] for knowledge [scale: 11‐55] and 14.6 [12.3‐17.0] for skills [scale: 16‐80]). Similarly, biomedical attitudes were stronger in nurses compared with physiotherapists (6.9 [5.3‐8.4]; scale 10‐60) and in medical students compared with physiotherapy students (2.0 [1.3‐2.7]). Some clinicians and students agreed that people with OA will ultimately require total joint replacement (7%‐19% and 19%‐22%, respectively), that arthroscopy is an appropriate intervention for knee OA (18%‐36% and 35%‐44%), and that magnetic resonance imaging is informative for diagnosis and clinical management of hip/knee OA (8%‐61% and 21%‐52%). Most agreed (90%‐98% and 92%‐97%) that exercise is indicated and strongly supported by qualitative data.ConclusionWorkforce capacity building that de‐emphasizes biomedical management and promotes high‐value first‐line care options is needed. Knowledge and skills among physiotherapists support leadership roles in OA care for this discipline.
Low‐Cost Counter‐Electrode Materials for Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Guo‐Ran , Gao Xue‐Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is undoubtable that the use of solar energy will continue to increase. Solar cells that convert solar energy directly to electricity are one of the most convenient and important photoelectric conversion devices. Though silicon‐based solar cells and thin‐film solar cells have been commercialized, developing low‐cost and highly efficient solar cells to meet future needs is still a long‐term challenge. Some emerging solar‐cell types, such as dye‐sensitized and perovskite, are approaching acceptable performance levels, but their costs remain too high. To obtain a higher performance–price ratio, it is necessary to find new low‐cost counter materials to replace conventional precious metal electrodes (Pt, Au, and Ag) in these emerging solar cells. In recent years, the number of counter‐electrode materials available, and their scope for further improvement, has expanded for dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells. Generally regular patterns in the intrinsic features and structural design of counter materials for emerging solar cells, in particular from an electrochemical perspective and their effects on cost and efficiency, are explored. It is hoped that this recapitulative analysis will help to make clear what has been achieved and what still remains for the development of cost‐effective counter‐electrode materials in emerging solar cells.
Modulation of Molecular Spatial Distribution and Chemisorption with Perforated Nanosheets for Ethanol Electro‐oxidation
Authors: Wang Wenbin , Zhu Yin‐Bo , Wen Qunlei , Wang Yutang , Xia Jun , Li Caicai , Chen Ming‐Wei , Liu Youwen , Li Huiqiao , Wu Heng‐An , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntegrating thermodynamically favorable ethanol reforming reactions with hybrid water electrolysis will allow room‐temperature production of high‐value organic products and decoupled hydrogen evolution. However, electrochemical reforming of ethanol has not received adequate attention due to its low catalytic efficiency and poor selectivity, which are caused by the multiple groups and chemical bonds of ethanol. In addition to the thermodynamic properties affected by the electronic structure of the catalyst, the dynamics of molecule/ion dynamics in electrolytes also play a significant role in the efficiency of a catalyst. The relatively large size and viscosity of the ethanol molecule necessitates large channels for molecule/ion transport through catalysts. Perforated CoNi hydroxide nanosheets are proposed as a model catalyst to synergistically regulate the dynamics of molecules and electronic structures. Molecular dynamics simulations directly reveal that these nanosheets can act as a “dam” to enrich ethanol molecules and facilitate permeation through the nanopores. Additionally, the charge transfer behavior of heteroatoms modifies the local charge density to promote molecular chemisorption. As expected, the perforated nanosheets exhibit a small potential (1.39 V) and high Faradaic efficiency for the conversion of ethanol into acetic acid. Moreover, the concept in this work provides new perspectives for exploring other molecular catalysts.
Harnessing CURATE.AI as a Digital Therapeutics Platform by Identifying N‐of‐1 Learning Trajectory Profiles
Authors: Kee Theodore , Weiyan Chee , Blasiak Agata , Wang Peter , Chong Jordan K. , Chen Jonna , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Ho Dean , Asplund Christopher L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConventional therapeutic interventions, which range from drug treatment to learning and training regimens, are often given at a fixed dose/intensity. This often leads to sub‐optimal responses, or even none at all. Similarly, fixed intensity training can lead to plateaus in learning trajectories and training outcomes. This barrier will impact the field of digital therapeutics, where drug‐based therapies may be complemented or replaced by learning and training platforms. A potential solution is to optimize training by identifying N‐of‐1 (single subject) training profiles that can then enhance learning trajectories through individualized training regimens. In this study, CURATE.AI, a mechanism‐independent and indication‐agnostic artificial intelligence (AI) platform, is used to identify N‐of‐1 learning trajectory profiles for healthy volunteers trained on the Multi‐Attribute Task Battery (MATB), a flight deck simulator developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and United States Air Force. By leveraging modulated MATB training intensity in a prospective study, CURATE.AI successfully develops N‐of‐1 learning trajectory profiles that may actionably mediate training optimization on the single‐subject level, by dynamically identifying training inputs that drive the best possible scoring outcome. Therefore, CURATE.AI‐guided training may serve as a powerful optimization platform for digital therapy, student learning, cognitive decline prevention, and other indications.
Strengthening the Child‐ and Youth‐Serving Workforce: Surveying the Landscape, Overcoming Challenges
Authors: Tebes Jacob Kraemer 
Published: May 2019

Highlights

The child‐ and youth‐serving workforce is an amorphous and complex area of practice and research.

Workforce investments to promote child and adolescent skill development have lifetime benefits.

Benefits are particularly important in low‐resource contexts as a way to reduce inequality.

This special issue surveys the workforce landscape and identifies key challenges for the field.

I offer organizing frameworks for the workforce and note challenges and areas for future research.
Hyperpolarising Pyruvate through Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE)
Authors: Iali Wissam , Roy Soumya S. , Tickner Ben J. , Ahwal Fadi , Kennerley Aneurin J. , Duckett Simon B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHyperpolarisation methods that premagnetise agents such as pyruvate are currently receiving significant attention because they produce sensitivity gains that allow disease tracking and interrogation of cellular metabolism by magnetic resonance. Here, we communicate how signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) can provide strong 13C pyruvate signal enhancements in seconds through the formation of the novel polarisation transfer catalyst [Ir(H)2(η2‐pyruvate)(DMSO)(IMes)]. By harnessing SABRE, strong signals for [1‐13C]‐ and [2‐13C]pyruvate in addition to a long‐lived singlet state in the [1,2‐13C2] form are readily created; the latter can be observed five minutes after the initial hyperpolarisation step. We also demonstrate how this development may help with future studies of chemical reactivity.
Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Salhabi Esmail Husein M. , Zhao Jilu , Wang Jiangyan , Yang Mei , Wang Bao , Wang Dan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTiO2−x with well‐controlled hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) were designed and synthesized, via a sequential templating approach (STA), to act as sulfur carrier materials. They were explored as physico‐chemical encapsulation materials. Particularly, the sulfur cathode based on triple‐shelled TiO2−x HoMSs delivered a specific capacity of 903 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 79 % at 0.5 C and a Coulombic efficiency of 97.5 % over 1000 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to better spatial confinement and integrated conductivity of the intact triple‐shell that combine the features of physico‐chemical adsorption, short charge transfer path along with mechanical strength.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct C4‐ and C7‐Selective Alkynylation of Indoles Using Sulfur‐Directing Groups
Authors: Kona Chandrababu Naidu , Nishii Yuji , Miura Masahiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIndoles and their analogues have been one of the most ubiquitous heterocycles during the past century, and extensive studies have been conducted to establish practical synthetic methods for their derivatives. In particular, selective functionalization of the poorly reactive benzenoid core over the pyrrole ring has been a great challenge. Reported herein is an iridium‐catalyzed direct alkynylation of the indole C4‐ and C7‐positions with the assistance of sulfur directing groups. This transformation shows a wide range of functional‐group tolerance with exceptional site selectivity. The directing group can be either easily removed or transformed after catalysis. The synthetic utility of the alkyne fragment is demonstrated by the derivatization into the core structure of natural indole alkaloids.
Green synthesis and chemical characterization of silver nanoparticles obtained using Allium saralicum aqueous extract and survey of in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal properties
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Bovandi Shabnam , Gharehyakheh Sepideh , Zangeneh Akram , Irani Parisa 
Published: May 2019

Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch has been used in Iranian traditional medicine as a remedial supplement for microbial diseases. This paper reports the green synthesis, chemical characterization and antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles obtained using aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves. In this synthesis, no surfactants or stabilizers were used. For characterization, UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl was used in experiments to assess the antioxidant potential of the silver nanoparticles, which revealed an impressive prevention in comparison with butylated hydroxytoluene. The synthesized silver nanoparticles at low doses (1–250 μg dl−1) did not show marked cytotoxic activity (against cervical cancer cells (Hela), breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK‐293)). Agar diffusion tests were applied to determine the antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Compared with all standard antimicrobials, the silver nanoparticles showed higher antibacterial and antifungal activities (p ≤ 0.01). Also, the silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of all bacteria and fungi at concentrations of 31–250 μg ml−1, and destroyed them at concentrations of 31–500 μg ml−1 (p ≤ 0.01). Because the silver nanoparticles obtained using aqueous extract of A. saralicum leaves have antioxidant, non‐cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial potentials, they can be used as a medical supplement or drug.
Role of Scutellarin in Ameliorating Lung Injury in a Rat Model of Bilateral Hind Limb Ischemia–Reperfusion
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa A. A. , Elwan Walaa M. , Elgendy Hanan A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe lung is one of the most sensitive organs that are vulnerable to injuries induced by lower limb ischemia–reperfusion. Scutellarin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from the Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus. This study aimed to investigate the role of scutellarin in ameliorating lung injury in a rat model of bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion. Twenty‐four adult male albino rats were equally divided into four groups; control, scutellarin, bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion, and bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion followed by scutellarin (at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 14 days). Lung specimens were processed for different biochemical and histological techniques. The bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion group showed a significant increase in lung malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels as well as a significant decrease in lung glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Histological examination revealed collapsed alveoli, polymorphic mononuclear cell infiltration, thickened dilated congested blood vessels, and excessive collagen fiber deposition in thickened interalveolar septa. A significant increase in iNOS and Bax immunohistochemical expression was associated with a significant decrease in Bcl2 and COX2 expression. Scutellarin administration following bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion significantly ameliorated all studied parameters. It can be concluded that scutellarin could be beneficial in improving bilateral hind limb ischemia–reperfusion‐induced lung damage most probably through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Anat Rec, 302:2070–2081, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy