bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE DIVERSITY GAP IN THE PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP INDUSTRY: AN EXAMINATION OF WOMEN AND VISIBLE MINORITIES IN SENIOR LEADERSHIP POSITIONS
Authors: SIEMIATYCKI Matti 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTDespite intense focus on leadership diversity in industries such as high technology, business, the media and academia, to date the infrastructure sector has not received the same level of scrutiny. This paper develops a theoretical framework to explain why leadership diversity matters in the management of complex infrastructure projects delivered through public–private partnerships, and then empirically identifies the diversity gap in senior leadership in the PPP industry worldwide. The study is based on an examination of over 2,800 public and private sector executives, board members and politicians responsible for PPPs in over 90 countries. The results show that women and racial minorities are significantly underrepresented in senior leadership roles, a pattern that is deeply entrenched and consistent globally. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the findings for the infrastructure industry, and explores how a lack of leadership diversity can influence project management outcomes.
Letter: you can stare at a vicious circle, but you can also try to break it—psychological health and coeliac disease
Authors: Enck Paul 
Published: January 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Emilsson and Ludvigsson papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15096.
Letter: you can stare at a vicious circle, but you can also try to break it—psychological health and coeliac disease. Authors' reply
Authors: Emilsson Louise , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: January 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Enck papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15085.
Cattle stunning with a penetrative captive bolt device: A review
Authors: Kamenik Josef , Paral Vaclav , Pyszko Martin , Voslarova Eva 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this review article was to assess the effects that are decisive during cattle slaughter on the quality of stunning with the use of a captive bolt stunning device. The basis of effective stunning is the use of a suitable type of device, with the speed of the bolt and the kinetic energy corresponding to the anatomical parameters of the slaughtered animal. The importance of the regular cleaning and maintenance of stunning devices and monitoring of the effectiveness of stunning goes without saying. The immediate loss of sensibility in the animal must occur after the first shot. The effectiveness of the stunning process can be quantified by regular monitoring of the behavior of animals after stunning with an emphasis on the loss of reflexes (corneal reflex, regular breathing, attempts to regain physiological posture) and checks on the shot location on the skulls of slaughtered animals.
Discontinuation of medications at the end of life: A population study in Belgium, based on linked administrative databases
Authors: Paque Kristel , De Schreye Robrecht , Elseviers Monique , Vander Stichele Robert , Pardon Koen , Dilles Tinne , Christiaens Thierry , Deliens Luc , Cohen Joachim 
Published: January 2019

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in relation to time before death, to explore whether PIMs are discontinued at the end of life, and the factors associated with this discontinuation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective register‐based mortality cohort study of all deceased in 2012 in Belgium, aged at least 75 years at time of death (n = 74 368), using linked administrative databases. We used STOPPFrail to identify PIMs received during the period from 12 to 6 months before death (P1) and the last 4 months (P2) of life.ResultsMedian age was 86 (IQR 81–90) at time of death, 57% were female, 38% were living in a nursing home, and 16% were admitted to hospital between 2 years and 4 months before death. Overall, PIM use was high, and increased towards death for all PIMs. At least one PIM was discontinued during P2 for one in five (20%) of the population, and 49% had no discontinuation. Being hospitalized in the period before the last 4 months of life, living in a nursing home, female gender and a higher number of medications used during P1 were associated with discontinuation of PIMs (respective aOR [95% CI]: 2.89 [2.73–3.06], 1.29 [1.23–1.36], 1.26 [1.20–1.32], 1.17 [1.16–1.17]).ConclusionInitial PIM use was high and increased towards death. Discontinuation was observed in only one in five PIM users. More guidance for discontinuation of PIMs is needed: practical, evidence‐based deprescribing guidelines and implementation plans, training for prescribers and a better consensus on what inappropriate medication is.
Soil is the main predictor of secondary rain forest estimated aboveground biomass across a Neotropical landscape
Authors: Santiago‐García Ricardo J. , Finegan Bryan , Bosque‐Pérez Nilsa A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe studied the relative effects of landscape configuration, environmental variables, forest age, and spatial variables on estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) in Costa Rican secondary rain forests patches. We measured trees ≥5 cm dbh in 24, 0.25 ha plots and estimated AGB for trees 5–24.9 cm dbh and for trees >25 cm dbh using two allometric equations based on multispecies models using tree dbh and wood‐specific gravity. AGB averaged 87.3 Mg/ha for the 24 plots (not including remnant trees) and 123.4 Mg/ha including remnant trees (20 plots). There was no effect of forest age on AGB. Variation partitioning analysis showed that soils, climate, landscape configuration, and space together explained 61% of tree AGB variance. When controlling for the effects of the other three variables, only soils remained significant. Soil properties, specifically K and Cu, had the strongest independent effect on AGB (variation partitioning, R2 = 0.17, p = 0.0310), indicating that in this landscape, AGB variation in secondary forest patches is influenced by soil chemical properties. Elucidating the relative influence of soils in AGB variation is critical for understanding changes associated with land cover modification across Neotropical landscapes, as it could have important consequences for land use planning since secondary forests are considered carbon sinks.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Measuring and Predicting Individual Differences in Executive Functions at 14 Months: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Devine Rory T. , Ribner Andrew , Hughes Claire 
Published: January 2019

This study of 195 (108 boys) children seen twice during infancy (Time 1: 4.12 months; Time 2: 14.42 months) aimed to investigate the associations between and infant predictors of executive function (EF) at 14 months. Infants showed high levels of compliance with the EF tasks at 14 months. There was little evidence of cohesion among EF tasks but simple response inhibition was related to performance on two other EF tasks. Infant attention (but not parent‐rated temperament) at 4 months predicted performance on two of the four EF tasks at 14 months. Results suggest that EF skills build on simpler component skills such as attention and response inhibition.
Incidence and risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with amblyopia: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Su Chien‐Chia , Tsai Chia‐Ying , Tsai Tzu‐Hsun , Tsai I‐Ju 
Published: January 2019

ImportanceThe association between visual deficits and attention disorders has been reported but remains unproven.BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with amblyopia.DesignPopulation‐based, cohort study.ParticipantsThe dataset from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2000 to 2010.MethodsA total of 6817 patients aged <18 years with newly diagnosed amblyopia were identified. Four age‐ and sex‐matched controls without amblyopia were included for each patient, that is, 27268 controls.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the risk of ADHD. The secondary outcomes were age at ADHD onset and use of ADHD medication.ResultsDuring a mean observation period of 7.18 years, the incidence of ADHD per 1000 person‐years was 7.02 in the amblyopia group and 4.61 in the control group (P < 0.0001). The ADHD risk in the amblyopia group was 1.81 times that in the control group (hazard ratio 1.81; 95% confidence interval 1.59‐2.06). After stratification by amblyopia subtype, the greatest risk was in the deprivation type (hazard ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.56‐2.92) followed by the strabismic (hazard ratio 2.09; 95% confidence interval 1.15‐3.79) and refractive (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.54‐2.02) types. Age at ADHD onset was younger in the amblyopia group (median 8.14 vs 8.45 years; P = 0.0096). The average duration of neuropsychiatric medication use was comparable between groups (P = 0.98).Conclusions and RelevanceThe ADHD risk is higher in children with amblyopia.
Changes in area and number of nature reserves in China
Authors: Ma Zhijun , Chen Ying , Melville David S. , Fan Jun , Liu Jianguo , Dong Jinwei , Tan Kun , Cheng Xuefei , Fuller Richard A. , Xiao Xiangming , Li Bo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNature reserves (NR) are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. Over the past 60 years, the rapid expansion of NRs in China, one of the world's megadiverse countries, has played a critical role in slowing biodiversity loss. We examined the changes in the number and area of China's NRs from 1956 to 2014 and analyzed the effect of economic development on the expansion of China's NRs from 2005 to 2014 with linear models. Despite a continuing increase in the number of NRs, the total area of China's NRs decreased by 3% from 2007 to 2014. This loss resulted from downsizing and degazettement of existing NRs and a slowdown in the establishment of new ones. Nature reserves in regions with rapid economic development exhibited a greater decrease in area, suggesting that downsizing and degazettement of NRs are closely related to the intensifying competition between economic growth and conservation. For example, boundary adjustments to national NRs, the most strictly protected NRs, along the coast of China's Yellow Sea, a global biodiversity hotspot with a fast‐growing economy, resulted in the loss of one‐third of the total area. One of the most important ecosystems in these NRs, tidal wetlands, decreased by 27.8% because of boundary adjustments and by 25.2% because of land reclamation. Our results suggest conservation achievement, in terms of both area and quality, are declining at least in some regions in the Chinese NR estate. Although the designation of protected areas that are primarily managed for sustainable use has increased rapidly in recent years in China, we propose that NRs with biodiversity conservation as their main function should not be replaced or weakened.
All's Well That Ends Well: How Alabama Farmers Marketers “Last Stand” Against Modernity Was Finally Resolved
Authors: Oths Kathryn S. , Groves Katy M. , Copeland Toni J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFarmers markets are inextricably tied to local politics, culture, and individual feelings and behaviors about food and community. Just as the farmers market can be a site for community integration and bonding, it can also be a site of contention–especially when long‐standing traditions are threatened. When city planners in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, decided to relocate the modest but long‐established farmers market to a new indoor facility along the revitalized Black Warrior Riverfront, vendors and their clients rebelled, worried that a new facility would cater only to upscale shoppers. Ethnographic interviews with all key players were conducted to determine the values and needs of each interest group, with the hopes of reaching an optimal solution to the problem of supplying fresh fruits and vegetables to all citizens. This article features an analysis of points of convergence and divergence among farmer and customer opinions and presents the epilogue to this drawn‐out conflict.
Thumb Up or Down? A Text‐Mining Approach of Understanding Consumers through Reviews
Authors: Zhao Shaoqiong 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWord of mouth has long been recognized to be an influential variable in marketing. With the growth of Internet applications, traditional word of mouth has evolved into the online form in a variety of Web‐based outlets where individuals spread their perceptions via the written word. These expressions are often in the form of online reviews or assessments of products and services. In this article, we attempt to use features to represent reviews, which contain the sentiments of the consumers, and to predict the overall attitudes of online reviews of the consumers. Further, we want to look at which words are indicative/decision driven of a positive/negative attitude of the consumers, especially we want to identify a set of features which will result in a desired class–positive attitude in our case. Data was collected from a well‐known web site using a WebCrawler type technique and we applied text‐mining approach for the analysis. The overall results compare favorably with those from standard numeric based quantitative prediction methods. In addition, the text‐mining methodology and inverse classification help us identify the key features that are related to positive/negative overall attitudes of online users. Identification of key features will be of considerable help to marketers in designing their keyword choices for more effective application of search engine marketing strategies while identification of the negative associated key words will lead to discovery of problematic areas.
Behavioral Contract Design Under Asymmetric Forecast Information
Authors: Johnsen Lennart C. , Voigt Guido , Corbett Charles J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWe investigate the capacity investment decision of a supplier who produces a critical component for a buyer. An incentive conflict is present, because the buyer possesses private forecast information about end customer demand. We use laboratory experiments to test the performance of nonlinear capacity reservation contracts offered by the supplier. We show that both bounded rationality and fairness preferences consistently lead to buyer contract choices that harm supplier performance and overall supply chain performance. We therefore examine several capacity reservation contracts that take into account the buyer's inability to maximize utility (bounded rationality) and/or the buyer's motives (inequity aversion). We find that considering these behavioral aspects in contract design enhances supply chain performance.
Subsyndromal delirium is associated with poor functional outcome after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Klimiec‐Moskal E. , Lis A. , Pera J. , Slowik A. , Dziedzic T. 
Published: January 2019

Background and purposeSubsyndromal delirium (SSD) refers to patients with delirious symptoms who do not meet the criteria for delirium. The aim was to determine the prognostic significance of SSD in stroke patients.MethodsIn all, 564 patients with ischaemic stroke (median age 71 years, 50.5% female) were included. The Confusion Assessment Method was used to assess symptoms of delirium and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edn, criteria were used to diagnose delirium. SSD was defined as one or more core features of delirium without fulfilling diagnostic criteria. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale at 3 and 12 months after stroke.ResultsDelirium was diagnosed in 23.4% of patients and SSD in 10.3% of patients. SSD was associated with increased risk of poor functional outcome. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for unfavourable outcome at 3 and 12 months were 2.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–5.79, P < 0.01] and 2.93 (95% CI 1.39–6.22, P < 0.01), respectively. In multivariate analysis, delirium was an independent predictor of poor functional outcome at 3 months (OR 6.41, 95% CI 3.36–12.21, P < 0.01) and 12 months (OR 6.11, 95% CI 3.05–12.27, P < 0.01) after stroke. Delirium was also independently associated with increased risk of death within 3 months (hazard ratio 3.68, 95% CI 1.69–8.02, P < 0.01) and 12 months (hazard ratio 3.76, 95% CI 2.05–6.90, P < 0.01). SSD was not associated with increased risk of death.ConclusionsIn SSD patients the risk of poor functional outcome after stroke is increased and intermediate between patients with and patients without delirium.
Correction of medication nonadherence results in better seizure outcomes than dose escalation in a novel preclinical epilepsy model of adherence
Authors: Hill A. Cameron , Thomson Kyle E. , Newell Thomas G. , White H. Steve 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveMedication nonadherence directly contributes to poor seizure control. A lack of emphasis on correcting poor adherence and failures in patient adherence can result in unwarranted alterations to a patient's drug regimen. We have modeled nonadherent patients in an animal model of epilepsy to study how alterations to pharmacotherapy, made without consideration of a patient's adherence, result in changes to seizure control.MethodsNewly diagnosed rats with epilepsy were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) during a 4‐week baseline period to establish their baseline seizure rate in the presence of 50% adherence. Next, animals were randomized to one of three treatment interventions and monitored for 6 weeks. Groups included: (1) no change in therapy—rats continued the 50% adherent paradigm; (2) dose escalation—the dose of CBZ was doubled, and the 50% adherent paradigm continued; and (3) nonadherence corrected—rats continued the initial dose of CBZ, but the adherence rate was adjusted to 100% (ie, fully adherent).ResultsThe rats in the no change in therapy arm displayed a 61% increase in seizure burden over the 6‐week intervention phase. Similarly, rats in the dose escalation arm had a 66% worsening of their daily seizure burden. In contrast, rats in the nonadherence corrected arm displayed a 33% reduction in their daily seizure burden; a significant improvement when compared to the normalized seizure burden scores of rats in the other two treatment arms (P < 0.01).SignificanceWe found that failure to correct medication nonadherence resulted in an increase in daily seizure burden in rats, even following dose escalation. In the presence of nonadherence, dose escalation worsened seizure control. In contrast, correcting nonadherence alone resulted in improved seizure control. These findings suggest that improving adherence should be prioritized over dose escalation in the clinical management of uncontrolled epilepsy.
An improved MULTIMOORA method with combined weights and its application in assessing the innovative ability of universities
Authors: Dong Liang , Gu Xin , Wu Xingli , Liao Huchang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInnovative ability plays a critical role in the sustainable development of universities. Although the assessment of universities' innovative ability is a significant undertaking, it is difficult work. This challenge can be addressed as a typical multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem, in which multiple attributes should be considered with different levels of importance. This paper aims to propose an integrated MADM method to solve this issue. To do so, we first introduce the least square method with the hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set to determine the subjective attribute weights. Considering that the selected attributes are not always in conflict with each other due to the complexity of objective things, we further present a correlation coefficient‐based method to calculate another kind of attribute weight. The final weights are the combined form of these two types of attribute weights. In addition, we enhance the robust ranking method, MULTIMOORA, with the Borda rule to calculate the utility values of universities and derive their rankings. Finally, after establishing an index system, the assessment of the innovative ability of 26 world‐class construction universities in China is conducted by using the proposed method. The advantages and disadvantages of the assessed universities are analysed.
Sainfoin production in western Canada: A review of agronomic potential and environmental benefits
Authors: Sheppard Steve C. , Cattani Doug J. , Ominski Kim H. , Biligetu Bill , Bittman Shabtai , McGeough Emma J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage legume of renewed interest in western Canada, with equally weighted advantages and disadvantages. In agronomic attributes, sainfoin is, at best, equal in yield, crude protein content and persistence to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Sainfoin is equally or more palatable than alfalfa to ruminants, with comparable levels of animal productivity per unit forage consumed. The advantages it has compared to alfalfa include the following: (a) mitigation of frothy bloat; (b) reduced ammonia emissions (more faecal nitrogen (N) and less urinary N); (c) equal or better N retention by ruminants; and (d) anthelmintic protection from intestinal parasites. These advantages may be attributed to the presence of condensed tannins (CT), in legumes such as sainfoin. Emphasis on agronomic characteristics in breeding programmes appears to have led to the inadvertent reduction in the efficacy ofCTcharacteristics. Persistence of sainfoin appears to be dependent on minimal pressure from competing plants, harvest or grazing, and good growth conditions from mid‐summer into fall, allowing for adequate root reserves for survival. It is possible that judicious use of glyphosate in late season might lessen competition in that critical period as sainfoin is more glyphosate‐tolerant than alfalfa. Otherwise, sainfoin may be best considered a short‐lived forage and best adapted for early season harvest or grazing to eliminate the risk of bloat.
Ambulatory glucose profile in diabetes‐related dementia
Authors: Ogawa Yusuke , Shimizu Soichiro , Takenoshita Naohito , Kaneko Yoshitsugu , Satoto Tomohiko , Hanyu Haruo 
Published: January 2019

AimDiabetes‐related dementia (DrD), a dementia subgroup associated with specific diabetes mellitus (DM)‐related metabolic abnormalities rather than Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology or cerebrovascular disease, is characterized by less well‐controlled glycemia. We investigated the glucose level, variability and stability, and risk of hypoglycemia in DrD to determine characteristic ambulatory glucose profiles (AGP).MethodsWe obtained AGP for 14 days of 40 patients with AD associated with DM and 19 patients with DrD using a novel sensor‐based flash glucose monitoring system (FreeStyle Libre Pro).ResultsDespite similar mean glucose and estimated A1c values, the DrD group showed significantly greater glucose variability and higher percentage of time spent in hypoglycemia than the AD associated with DM group. Glucose level and variability correlated significantly and negatively with Mini‐Mental State Examination in DrD, but not in AD associated with DM The estimated A1c levels calculated from the 14 days of AGP data significantly correlated with the HbA1c levels measured within 2 months of the insertion of the sensor.ConclusionsDrD has a distinctively different AGP from that of AD associated with DM. Glucose variability and hypoglycemia are more involved in the pathophysiology of DrD than in that of AD associated with DM. The AGP analysis using the flash glucose monitoring system might provide useful information undetected by HbA1c values. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 282–286.