bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary deep eutectic solvent magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the dispersive magnetic solid‐phase microextraction of green tea
Authors: Li Guizhen , Row Kyung Ho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTernary deep eutectic solvent magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers grafted on silica were developed for the selective recognition and separation of theophylline, theobromine, (+)‐catechin hydrate, and caffeic acid from green tea through dispersive magnetic solid‐phase microextraction. A new ternary deep eutectic solvent was adopted as a functional monomer. The materials obtained were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction. The practical recovery of the theophylline, theobromine, (+)‐catechin hydrate, and caffeic acid isolated with ternary deep eutectic solvent magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers in green tea were 91.82, 92.13, 89.96, and 90.73%, respectively, and the actual amounts extracted were 5.82, 4.32, 18.36, and 3.69 mg/g, respectively. The new method involving the novel material coupled with dispersive magnetic solid‐phase microextraction showed outstanding recognition, selectivity and excellent magnetism, providing a new perspective for the separation of bioactive compounds.
Das Straßburger Intermezzo
Authors: Kuschel Frank 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDer Physikochemiker Wilhelm Jost befasste sich mit Transportphänomenen in Festkörpern, Thermodynamik an Mischphasen, später mit Kinetik schneller Reaktionen sowie Verbrennungs‐, Explosions‐, Detonations‐ und Strömungsvorgängen. Diese Forschung rief die militärischen Stellen des „Dritten Reiches“ auf den Plan.
Qualitätssicherung: Hochwertige, freie Forschung
Authors: Pomp Jürgen , Pohl Barbara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractForschungsfreiheit kann nicht grenzenlos sein. Industrie wie akademische Institute müssen ihre Entwicklungen dokumentieren. Nur so ist ein Stoff später für die Vermarktung zulassungsfähig, und nur so lässt sich belegen, wer die Urheberrechte daran hat.
Asymmetrische Katalyse mit DNA
Authors: Lutz Fabian , Niemeyer Jochen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDNA‐basierte Metalloenzyme eignen sich für enantioselektive Reaktionen wie Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen oder nukleophile Additionen. Grundsätzlich gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten, die DNA mit dem Metallkomplex zu verknüpfen: kovalent oder durch supramolekulare Wechselwirkungen.
Open Access und Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht
Authors: Tesch Silke , Rau Cornelia , Böhme Uwe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBeim Grünen Weg zu Open Access stellen Autoren ihre Beiträge, die sie zuvor bei klassischen Verlagen veröffentlicht haben, auf öffentlichen Dokumentenservern kostenfrei zur Verfügung. Allerdings müssen sie die Lizenzbedingungen der Verlage beachten. Was ist erlaubt und was nicht?
Merkwürdige Membranen
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie fundamentale Biochemie der Lebensprozesse, vom genetischen Code bis zur Zusammensetzung der Proteine, ist bei allen Zelllebewesen einheitlich. Verblüffende Unterschiede gibt es hingegen bei der Zusammensetzung der Zellmembran: Sie ist bei Archaebakterien anders als bei anderen Lebensformen. Die Suche nach Gründen führt zum gemeinsamen Vorfahren aller Zellen.
Investigating a firn aquifer near Helheim Glacier (South‐Eastern Greenland) with magnetic resonance soundings and ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Legchenko Anatoly , Miège Clément , Koenig Lora S. , Forster Richard R. , Miller Olivia , Solomon Douglas Kip , Schmerr Nicholas , Montgomery Lynn , Ligtenberg Stefan , Brucker Ludovic 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe apply the magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) method to investigate a firn aquifer in the south‐east region of the Greenland ice sheet. Our study aims to delineate and estimate the volume of the recently discovered water stored within the firn (compacted snow) that remains liquid throughout the year. We develop and test successfully a methodology for joint use of MRS and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). This non‐invasive geophysical approach is particularly well‐adapted to glacier conditions and has a promising future for in situ investigation of water distribution in glaciers. At our field site, MRS showed an aquifer located at variable depths between 20 and 30 m beneath the ice‐sheet surface. At the monitoring site, both MRS and GPR show an increase in the water volume stored between April 2015 and July 2016. MRS estimates suggest that the volume increased by approximately 28%.
Early prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders by enzymatic and molecular analysis
Authors: Li Duan , Lin Yunting , Huang Yonglan , Zhang Wen , Jiang Minyan , Li Xiuzhen , Zhao Xiaoyuan , Sheng Huiying , Yin Xi , Su Xueying , Shao Yongxian , Liu Zongcai , Li Dongzhi , Li Fatao , Liao Can , Liu Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo report the 4‐year experience of early prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) at a center in mainland China.MethodForty‐seven pregnancies affected with LSDs were assed using enzymes and/or molecular studies. Prenatal studies were performed on 43 uncultured chorionic villi (CV) samples, two amniotic fluid samples, and two umbilical cord blood samples.ResultsOf the 47 fetuses, 23 (48.9%) were determined to normal, 13 (27.7%) to be carriers, and 11 (23.4%) diagnosed as affected. In this cohort, mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) type II was the most common LSD, followed by Pompe disease and then metachromatic leucodystrophy. In the 17 MPS II cases, the four affected fetuses showed MPS II enzyme activity expression levels of 1.4% to 6.7%, while the enzyme activity levels of the 13 normal fetuses ranged from 72% to 240.4%. In the seven Pompe cases, three fetuses were normal with Pompe enzyme activity expression levels of 20%, 38.8%, and 77.3%, while four carrier pregnancies showed enzyme activity levels of 17.5%, 17.5%, 33.4%, and 13.8%, respectively.ConclusionBased on different enzyme properties in uncultured CV, different prenatal diagnostic strategies should be adopted for MPS II and Pompe disease. Combining enzyme assay and molecular studies in uncultured CV improves the reliability of prenatal diagnosis of LSDs.
Slow Speed – Fast Motion
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungVideokameras werden in Physikexperimenten standardmäßig zur Visualisierung eingesetzt. Hochgeschwindigkeitskameras gestatten es, Phänomene zu studieren, die zu schnell für das Auge sind. Manche physikalische Vorgänge laufen aber zu langsam für unsere Wahrnehmung ab, zum Beispiel Diffusionsprozesse oder viele Phasenübergänge. Solche Vorgänge macht die Zeitraffertechnologie der Zeitskala typischer menschlicher Wahrnehmung zugänglich. Die digitale Foto‐ und Videotechnik hat Zeitrafferaufnahmen wesentlich einfacher handhabbar gemacht. Wir erklären ihre Grundlagen. Physikalische Anwendungsbeispiele wird die Serie „Rasante Physik“ in loser Folge bringen.
Quarks im Tetrapack
Authors: Wiedner Ulrich 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie starke Wechselwirkung im niederenergetischen Bereich, die sich in der Formation von gebundenen Teilchen darstellt, ist um neue Facetten reicher geworden. Experimente haben Evidenz für Teilchen aus Vier‐ und Fünf‐Quarkzuständen gefunden, die aufgrund ihrer ungewöhnlichen Eigenschaften nicht in das etablierte Baryonen‐ oder Mesonenschema passen. Ihre detaillierte Untersuchung wird unser Wissen über Hadronen, die aus Quarks und Gluonen aufgebaut sind, und deren Wechselwirkung um neue Kapitel erweitern.
Schlaffer Faden, straffer Loop
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim , Suhr Wilfried 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie als Spielzeug schon lange bekannte Loopingpfeife erweist sich als eine Art Miniaturausgabe der Seilschleuder. Statt mit einem Elektromotor wird durch bloßes Pusten ein Miniseil zum Rotieren gebracht und in einen Loopingzustand versetzt. Die für die Seilschleuder entwickelte Theorie lässt sich daher mit einigen Anpassungen auf die Loopingpfeife übertragen. Die konstruktive Rolle der Reibung in Form des Luftwiderstands bezieht sich bei der Loopingpfeife nicht nur auf die Dissipation der Bewegungsenergie, sondern auch auf deren Zufuhr über den aerodynamischen Antrieb des Systems.
Universum im Kristall
Authors: Niemann Anna C. , Gooth Johannes , Felser Claudia , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der klassischen Physik spielen Erhaltungsgrößen wie Energie oder Impuls eine zentrale Rolle. Durch Quantisierungseffekte sind solche Größen in bestimmten Extremsituationen allerdings nicht mehr zwangsläufig erhalten. Die Untersuchung solcher Quantenanomalien ist nun der Festkörperphysik dank neuer Materialsysteme zugänglich geworden. In Weyl‐Halbmetallen konnten so Quantenanomalien als Bruch der Erhaltungsgröße Chiralität in Form der chiralen Anomalie und der axial‐gravitativen Anomalie nachgewiesen werden. Bei letzterer gelang dies mit Hilfe von thermoelektrischen Messungen. Damit konnte die Festkörperphysik einen als nicht nachweisbar geglaubten Effekt der Hochenergiephysik dem Experiment zugänglich machen.
„Invariantentheorie ist jetzt hier Trumpf“
Authors: Tollmien Cordula 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Juli 1918 publizierte Emmy Noether eine Arbeit mit dem Titel „Invariante Variationsprobleme“. Darin formulierte sie zwei für die Physik bahnbrechende Theoreme. Das erste Theorem besagt, dass zu jeder kontinuierlichen Symmetrie eines physikalischen Systems eine Erhaltungsgröße gehört und umgekehrt. Das zweite Theorem ist weniger bekannt. Es kann in Noethers eigenen Worten als die „größtmögliche gruppentheoretische Verallgemeinerung der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie bezeichnet werden“. Noethers Leistung wurde von Albert Einstein, David Hilbert und Felix Klein zwar anfänglich durchaus gewürdigt, später geriet ihre Arbeit jedoch vorübergehend in Vergessenheit. Sie wurde erst wiederentdeckt, nachdem seit den 1950er Jahren Symmetriebetrachtungen in der Physik zunehmend wichtiger geworden waren.
A comparison of the EU and US regulatory frameworks for the active substance registration of microbial biological control agents
Authors: Frederiks Coen , Wesseler Justus HH 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicrobial biological control agents (MBCA) are biopesticides based on living microbes. They have huge potential for the control of pests and diseases, but have trouble reaching the European Union (EU) market. According to several authors, this is caused by the regulatory regime, which is less supportive compared with that in the USA. The main objective of this paper is to present regulatory differences between the USA and the EU, and the resulting effects and developments of registration in both regions.ResultsResults show that EU registration is more complex due to differences between EU‐ and Member State (MS)‐level processes, large actor heterogeneity and low flexibility. As a result, EU registration takes, on average, ∼ 1.6 years longer than US registration. Regulatory amendments have improved EU‐level processes and led to a significant contraction of procedural time spans, but processes at the MS level have not improved and have become a larger procedural obstacle.ConclusionThe results correspond with the idea that EU registration is complex and lengthy compared with that in the USA. To improve regulation, national‐level processes should be targeted for amendment. To that end, the authors suggest various ways of expanding the registration capacity of MS. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Oxa/Thiadiazolylhydrazones of Barbituric and Thiobarbituric Acid: A Collective In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Authors: Bhatt Priyanka , Kumar Manoj , Jha Anjali 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of hybrid analogs of barbituric/thiobarbituric acid and 1,3,4‐oxa/thiadiazoles were synthesized by a sequence of diazotization and coupling reaction. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. All the compounds were tested by in vitro 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based assay against two human cancer cell lines: human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF‐7 and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT‐29. Compound 11 which contained 1,3,4‐thiadiazole ring, p‐NO2‐phenyl group and thiobarbituric acid moiety displayed activity better than that of the standard drug Doxorubicin (DOX) used in the study. Target hunting and computational docking studies were used to explain the interactions between compound 11 and the potential targets.
Bis(thiosemicarbazone)copper(I) Complexes as Prospective Therapeutic Agents: Interaction with DNA/BSA Molecules, and In Vitro and In Vivo Anti‐Proliferative Activities
Authors: Mahendiran Dharmasivam , Pravin Narayanaperumal , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Kumar Raju Senthil , Viswanathan Vijayan , Velmurugan Devadasan , Rahiman Aziz Kalilur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of six new bis(thiosemicarbazone)copper(I) complexes of the type [Cu(L1–6)2Cl] (1−6) were synthesized and characterized. The complexes adopted trigonal planar ′Y′ shaped geometry coordinating through two thione sulphur atoms of two ligand molecules and one chloride ion. All the complexes intercalatively bind with calf thymus DNA (CT−DNA) as evidenced by spectral and molecular docking studies. The absorption and emission spectral techniques confirmed the strong interaction of the complexes with BSA via static quenching mode. The complexes efficiently cleave pBR322 DNA via hydrolytic pathway, and significantly interact with epidermal growth factor receptor. All the complexes were assessed for their anti‐proliferative activity, in which the complexes 2, 3 and 4 containing methyl, methoxy and hydroxyl groups, respectively, showed significant activity. The complexes induce apoptosis in EAC cells as evidenced by acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB), Hoechst 33258 and propidium iodide (PI) staining methods, and cell cycle analysis. Cellular uptake studies revealed the ability of the complexes to go into the cytoplasm and accumulation in the cell nuclei. The complexes are involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial mediated and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Further, using a female Swiss albino mice model, we found that the complexes 2 and 3 inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumour cell growth in vivo.
Sulfated‐Tungstate‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Ureas/Thioureas via Transamidation and Synthesis of Forchlorofenuron
Authors: Wagh Ganesh D. , Pathare Sagar P. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractN, N’‐Disubstituted ureas and thioureas have been efficiently and expeditiously synthesized by transamidation reaction between unsubstituted or monosubstituted ureas/thioureas and amines under solvent‐free condition using sulfated tungstate as a heterogeneous mild solid acid catalyst. This protocol offers several advantages such as wide substrate scope, providing both symmetrical and unsymmetrical ureas and thioureas, solvent‐free reaction, recyclability of the catalyst and a simple work‐up procedure. Application of the methodology is demonstrated through simple and one step synthesis of forchlorofenuron [1‐(2‐chloropyridine‐4‐yl)‐3‐phenylurea] (CPPU), an approved plant growth regulator.
Carbonylative Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Over Pd NPs/Rice‐Husk Carbon‐Silica Solid Catalyst: Effect Of 1,4‐Dioxane Solvent
Authors: Ketike Thirupathaiah , Velpula Venkata Ramana Kumar , Madduluri Venkata Rao , Kamaraju Seetha Rama Rao , Burri David Raju 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith the aim of investigating the role of solvent in directing the product selectivity in carbonylative Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling (CSMC), Rice‐Husk (RH) derived carbon‐silica supported palladium nanoparticle (PdNPs/C‐SiO2) catalysts were prepared and characterized by various techniques. The structural and textural properties of these catalysts have been determined by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, FT‐IR and XPS. In CSMC over Pd NPs/C‐SiO2catalysts solvents are playing a critical role in directing the product selectivity particularly with 1, 4‐dioxane solvent biaryl ketone alone formed from iodobenzene, carbon monoxide and phenylboronic acid, addressing the in‐situ formation of phenylboronate ester from 1, 4‐dioxane solvent and phenyl boronic acid and subsequent biaryl ketone formation with 100% selectivity and appealing catalytic activity ( Extreamly high TON= 3,61,650).
Nimbolide induced apoptosis by activating ERK‐mediated inhibition of c‐IAP1 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Hsueh Kuan‐Chun , Lin Chia‐Liang , Tung Jai‐Nien , Yang Shun‐Fa , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNimbolide is one of the major compounds from the leaves and flowers of the neem tree and exhibits antitumor properties on various cancer cells. However, no report has shown that nimbolide induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our results indicated that it inhibited cell growth in Huh‐7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells. We also found that nimbolide induced cell death through the induction of G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by the increased expression of cleaved caspase‐7, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, caspase‐PARP, and Bax and decreased expression of Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐2. A human apoptosis antibody array analysis demonstrated that inhibition of the apoptosis family proteins (XIAP, c‐IAP1, and c‐IAP2) was one of the major targets of nimbolide. Additionally, nimbolide sustained activation of ERK expression. Moreover, pretreatment with U0126 (MEK inhibitor) markedly abolished nimbolide‐inhibited cell viability, induced cell apoptosis, ERK phosphorylation, cleaved caspase‐9, caspase‐3, cleaved‐PARP activation, and increased c‐IAP1 expression in Huh‐7 cells. An in vivo study showed that nimbolide significantly reduced Huh‐7 tumor growth and weight in a xenograft mouse model. This study indicated the antitumor potential of nimbolide in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Antimetastatic effects of Eclipta prostrata extract on oral cancer cells
Authors: Liao Miao‐Yu , Chuang Chun‐Yi , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Chou Ying‐Erh , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chen Wen‐Rong , Lai Chih‐Ting , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEclipta prostrata, a traditional Chinese medication, has been used for the treatment of several diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of Eclipta prostrata extracts (EPE) on human oral cancer cell metastasis remains unclear. We thus examined the effects of EPE on metastasis promoting proteins in oral cancer. Our results revealed that the EPE attenuated SCC‐9, HSC‐3, and TW2.6 cell migration and invasiveness by reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 enzyme activities. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that EPE significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) but not those of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 and p38. In conclusion, we found that EPE could inhibit oral cancer metastasis through the inhibition of MMP‐2 expression. Therefore, EPE may be used to prevent the metastasis of oral cancer, and has the potential to be applied to cancer treatment.
Multivariate calibration in TXRF analysis of water
Authors: Shulyumova A. , Maltsev A. , Umarova N. 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is the application of multivariate linear calibration for quantitative determination of elements (K, Cd, Co, Hg, As, Pb, Ni, and Al) in water by using Total Reflection X‐ray Fluorescence Analysis with partial least squares (PLS) as a regression method to improve a result of common univariate method. In purpose of elimination of matrix effects in X‐ray fluorescence analysis, experimental design was applied. As a set of standard samples for multivariate calibration, a five‐level eight‐factor calibration design of 25 samples was chosen, ensuring mutual orthogonality of factors. For model's validation, the independent test set of 15 samples was examined. The collection of spectra and quantitative measurements was carried out on S2 PICOFOX. The PLS regression was performed by using software package STATISTICA. Quality indicators of multivariate calibration as slope (b) and intercept (a) of calibration, correlation coefficient (r), determination coefficient (R2), root mean square errors of calibration and of prediction, standard errors of calibration and of prediction, biases of calibration, and biases of prediction were calculated. These results were compared with the univariate model, and as a result, the multivariate calibration method exceeds the univariate one. The obtained results could be applied in a laboratory for an analysis of water solutions in the concentration range 0.05–2.00 mg/L. In many real situations, when analytical chemist deals with multi‐element mixtures, multivariate calibration approach combined with orthogonal design for multivariate calibration set could be successfully used to improve a conventional univariate calibration.
Canonical Quantum Observables for Molecular Systems Approximated by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Kammonen Aku , Plecháč Petr , Sandberg Mattias , Szepessy Anders 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt is known that ab initio molecular dynamics based on the electron ground-state eigenvalue can be used to approximate quantum observables in the canonical ensemble when the temperature is low compared to the first electron eigenvalue gap. This work proves that a certain weighted average of the different ab initio dynamics, corresponding to each electron eigenvalue, approximates quantum observables for any temperature. The proof uses the semiclassical Weyl law to show that canonical quantum observables of nuclei–electron systems, based on matrix-valued Hamiltonian symbols, can be approximated by ab initio molecular dynamics with the error proportional to the electron–nuclei mass ratio. The result covers observables that depend on time correlations. A combination of the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product for quantum operators and Weyl’s law shows that the error estimate holds for observables and Hamiltonian symbols that have three and five bounded derivatives, respectively, provided the electron eigenvalues are distinct for any nuclei position and the observables are in the diagonal form with respect to the electron eigenstates.
Event‐related potentials during sustained attention and memory tasks: Utility as biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Waninger Shani , Berka Chris , Meghdadi Amir , Karic Marija S. , Stevens Kimberly , Aguero Cinthya , Sitnikova Tatiana , Salat David H. , Verma Ajay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of the study is to validate attention and memory tasks that elicit event‐related potentials (ERPs) for utility as sensitive biomarkers for early dementia.MethodsA 3‐choice vigilance task designed to evaluate sustained attention and standard image recognition memory task designed to evaluate attention, encoding, and image recognition memory were administered with concurrent electroencephalography acquisition to elicit ERPs in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy cohorts. ERPs were averaged, and mean or maximum amplitude of components was measured and compared between and within cohorts.ResultsThere was significant suppression of the amplitude of the late positive potential in the MCI cohort compared with the healthy controls during 3‐choice vigilance task, predominantly over occipital and right temporal‐parietal region, and standard image recognition memory task over all regions. During standard image recognition memory task, diminished performance showed strong correlation with electroencephalography measurements. The old/new effects observed in the healthy controls cohort correlated with performance and were lost in MCI.DiscussionERPs obtained during cognitive tasks may provide a powerful tool for assessing MCI and have strong potential as sensitive and robust biomarkers for tracking disease progression and evaluating response to investigative therapeutics.