bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the insula contribute to emotion‐related distortion of time? A neuropsychological approach
Authors: Mella Nathalie , Bourgeois Alexia , Perren Fabienne , Viaccoz Aurélien , Kliegel Matthias , Picard Fabienne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe literature points to a large distributed brain network involved in the estimation of time. Among these regions, the role of the insular cortex is still poorly understood. At the confluence of emotional, interoceptive, and environmental signals, this brain structure has been proposed to underlie awareness of the passage of time and emotion related time dilation. Yet, this assumption has not been tested so far. This study aimed at exploring how a lesion of the insula affects subjective duration, either in an emotional context or in a non‐emotional context. Twenty‐one patients with a stroke affecting the insula, either left or right, were studied for their perception of sub and supra second durations. A verbal estimation task and a temporal bisection task were used with either pure tones or neutral and emotional sounds lasting between 300 and 1500 ms and presented monaurally. Results revealed that patients with a right insular lesion, showed less temporal sensitivity than both control participants and patients with a left insular lesion. Unexpectedly, emotional effects were similar in patients and control participants. Altogether, these results suggest a specific role of the right insula in the discrimination of durations, but not in emotion related temporal distortion. In addition, an ear × emotion interaction in control participants suggests that temporal processing of positive and negative sounds may be lateralized in the brain.
A retrospective study of conscious sedation versus general anaesthesia in patients scheduled for transfemoral aortic valve implantation: A single center experience
Authors: Renner Jochen , Tesdorpf Anna , Freitag‐Wolf Sandra , Francksen Helga , Petzina Rainer , Lutter Georg , Frey Norbert , Frank Derk 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe current 2017 ESC/EACTS guidelines recommend transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVIs) as the therapy of choice for inoperable patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Most of the TAVIs worldwide are performed under general anaesthesia (GA). Although conscious sedation (CS) concepts are increasingly applied in Europe, it is still a matter of debate which concept is associated with highest amount of safety for this high‐risk patient population. The aim of this single center, before‐and‐after study was to investigate feasibility and safety of CS compared with GA with respect to peri‐procedural complications and 30‐day mortality in patients scheduled for transfemoral TAVI (TF‐TAVI).MethodsFrom March 2012 until September 2014, patients scheduled for the TF‐TAVI procedure were included in a prospective, observational manner. From the 200 patients finally included, 107 procedures were performed under GA, using either an endotracheal tube or a laryngeal mask, and balanced anaesthesia. CS was performed in 93 patients using low‐dose propofol and remifentanil.ResultsConversion to GA was needed 4 times due to procedural‐related complications (4.3%), in one patient due to ongoing agitation (1.1%). The CS‐group showed significantly shorter key time courses: anaesthesia time (105 [95‐120] minutes vs 115 [105‐140] minutes, P‐value = 0.009, Mann‐Whitney‐U‐test) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (1.6 [1.0‐1.5] d vs 2.1 [1.0‐2.0] d, P‐value = 0.002, Mann‐Whitney‐U‐test). The lowest mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the CS‐group compared with the GA‐group (74.3 mmHg vs 55.2 mmHg, P‐value <0.0001, t‐test). CS was associated with less requirements of norepinephrine (0.1 μg/kg vs 2.3 μg/kg, P‐value <0.0001, Mann‐Whitney‐U‐test).ConclusionsOur single‐center data demonstrate that CS is a feasible and safe alternative, especially with respect to a higher degree of intra‐procedural haemodynamic stability, and a reduced length of stay in the intensive care unit.
Modelling the effects of climatic and hydrological regime changes on the sediment dynamics of the Fraser River Basin, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tsuruta Kai , Hassan Marwan A. , Donner Simon D. , Alila Younes 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFuture sediment dynamics may be affected by changing climates or hydrological regimes because of the close link between hydrology and sediment erosion, deposition, and transport. Previously, investigations of these potential changes have been constrained by a combination of limited observational data, hydrological drivers, and appropriate mechanistic models. Additionally, there is often ambiguity regarding how to disentangle the impacts of climate and hydrology from direct human factors such as reservoirs and land‐use change, which often exert more control over sediment dynamics. In this study, we utilize a recently developed, large‐scale, distributed, mechanistic sediment transport model to project future sediment erosion, deposition, and transportation within the Fraser River Basin in British Columbia, Canada—a basin with historical water flux and sediment load observations and limited anthropogenic influences upstream of its delta. The sediment model is driven by synthetic land‐surface hydrology derived from Scenarios A1B, A2, and B1 of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, which were provided by the Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium. Resulting simulations of water flux and sediment load from 1965 to 1994 are first validated against observational data then compared with future projections. Future projections show an overall increase in annual hillslope erosion and in‐channel transportation, a shift towards earlier spring peak erosion and transportation, and longer persistence of the sediment signal through the year. These shifts in timing and annual yield may have deleterious effects on spawning sockeye salmon and are insufficient to counteract future coastal retreat caused by sea‐level rise.
The evasiveness conjecture and graphs on vertices
Authors: Ángel Andrés , Borja Jerson 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe evasiveness conjecture has been proved for properties of graphs on a prime‐power number of vertices and the six‐vertex case. The 10‐vertex case is still unsolved. In this paper we study the size of the automorphism group of a graph on vertices to estimate the Euler characteristic of monotone nonevasive graph properties. We get some conditions on graphs that such graph properties must contain. We also do this by means of Oliver groups and give a new lower bound for the dimension of the simplicial complex associated with a nontrivial monotone nonevasive graph property. We apply our results to graphs on 10 vertices to get conditions on potential counterexamples to the evasiveness conjecture in the 10‐vertex case.
Low expression of pRB predicts disease relapse in early glottic cancer treated with transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Lee Li‐Ang , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Li Hsueh‐Yu , Huang Chung‐Guei , Chen Tse‐Ching , Liao Chun‐Ta , Kang Chung‐Jan , Chang Kai‐Ping , Yen Tzu‐Chen 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo elucidate the associations among the immunohistochemical expression of tumor markers, clinicopathological variables, and disease‐free survival (DFS) in patients with early‐stage glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who underwent transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) as the primary treatment.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThe records of consecutive patients with Tis‒T2N0 glottic SCC who underwent TLM between August 1, 2012 and October 31, 2015 were reviewed. Expression of Bcl‐2, pRB, p16INK4A, p53, c‐Myc, E‐cadherin, and EGFR was examined using tissue microarrays containing tumor specimens through immunohistochemistry. Three‐year DFS rates were calculated.ResultsA total of 65 consecutive patients were identified, of which 28 were excluded due to insufficient tissue (n = 22) and low biomarker quality (n = 6). Therefore, 37 patients with complete records were included. The included patients were significantly older and had a more advanced type of cordectomy than did the excluded patients (P = .015 and .009, respectively). According to the findings of univariate analysis, age, betel quid chewing, type of cordectomy, BCL‐2 expression, and pRB expression significantly predicted 3‐year DFS. According to the findings of multivariate analysis, age (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88‐1.00), betel quid chewing (adjusted hazard ratio: 5.07, 95% CI: 1.32‐19.44), and pRB expression (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00‐0.28) were independent predictors of 3‐year DFS.ConclusionsLow pRB expression is a potential biomarker for predicting disease relapse after primary TLM for early‐stage glottic SCC and may help to identify high‐risk patients who can subsequently undergo intensive management.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:E220–E226, 2019
Effects of trophic status, water level, and temperature on shallow lake metabolism and metabolic balance: A standardized pan‐European mesocosm experiment
Authors: Scharfenberger Ulrike , Jeppesen Erik , Beklioğlu Meryem , Søndergaard Martin , Angeler David G. , Çakıroğlu Ayşe İdil , Drakare Stina , Hejzlar Josef , Mahdy Aldoushy , Papastergiadou Eva , Šorf Michal , Stefanidis Konstantinos , Tuvikene Arvo , Zingel Priit , Adrian Rita 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImportant drivers of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) in lakes are temperature, nutrients, and light availability, which are predicted to be affected by climate change. Little is known about how these three factors jointly influence shallow lakes metabolism and metabolic status as net heterotrophic or autotrophic. We conducted a pan‐European standardized mesocosm experiment covering a temperature gradient from Sweden to Greece to test the differential temperature sensitivity of GPP and ER at two nutrient levels (mesotrophic or eutrophic) crossed with two water levels (1 m and 2 m) to simulate different light regimes. The findings from our experiment were compared with predictions made according the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE). GPP and ER were significantly higher in eutrophic mesocosms than in mesotrophic ones, and in shallow mesocosms compared to deep ones, while nutrient status and depth did not interact. The estimated temperature gains for ER of ~ 0.62 eV were comparable with those predicted by MTE. Temperature sensitivity for GPP was slightly higher than expected ~ 0.54 eV, but when corrected for daylight length, it was more consistent with predictions from MTE ~ 0.31 eV. The threshold temperature for the switch from autotrophy to heterotrophy was lower under mesotrophic (~ 11°C) than eutrophic conditions (~ 20°C). Therefore, despite a lack of significant temperature‐treatment interactions in driving metabolism, the mesocosm's nutrient level proved to be crucial for how much warming a system can tolerate before it switches from net autotrophy to net heterotrophy.
Effects of Interconnected Polymer Nanopores Leading to Different Degrees of Confined Polymerization
Authors: Wang Kui , Lei Jinhua , Nie Heran , Shen Lu , Chen Peng , Zhou Guangyuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, different degrees of ethylene‐confined polymerization (non‐confined, slightly confined, and highly confined) are presented in porous polymer microspheres (PPMs) with an interconnected tri‐modal pore structure. First, three catalysts, Cp2ZrCl2, Cp2TiCl2, and TiCl4, are attached to the interface of PPMs to form a nano‐confined space for ethylene polymerization. Then three types of polyethylene with different degrees of ethylene‐confined polymerization are obtained through polymerization. Results of SEM, BET, FTIR, XPS confirm the existence of the interconnected tri‐modal pore structure in PPMs after catalyst loading, which can provide nanospace for confined polymerization. Typical characteristics of confined polymerization (nanofibers and high molecular weight) are observed through SEM and GPC tests. The results reveal that polyethylene by PPM‐supported TiCl4 is performed as a highly confined reaction and generates microspheres with the highest molecular weight and T
m2. In addition, the product is line polyethylene (PE) regardless of the degrees of confined polymerization. The data of SAXS reveal that high melting point of confined PE is owed to low surface free energy, rather than lamellar thickness in confined space of PPMs. Furthermore, low surface free energy is ascribed to the entanglement of PE chain, which is caused by the interconnected tri‐modal pore structure.
Effect of Blend Composition on Scratch Behavior of Polystyrene/Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenyleneoxide) Blends
Authors: Kojio Ken , Kiyoshima Yudai , Kajiwara Tomoko , Higaki Yuji , Sue Hung‐Jue , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe relationship between the scratch behavior and molecular aggregation states of polystyrene (PS), poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenyleneoxide) (PPO), and their blends, is investigated based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and indentation and scratch tests. DSC reveals that all the PS/PPO blends show the single glass transition temperature (Tg) and the Tg monotonically increase and Tg breadth exhibits a maximum, with an increase in PPO content. Furthermore, density and intermolecular chain distance obtained by WAXD exhibits maximum and minimum values at near 50 wt% of PPO, respectively. It is evident that densification occurs by blending PS and PPO. The scratch coefficient of friction (SCOF) value of PS is the largest and PS exhibits a fish‐scale pattern after scratch testing, while the SCOF value of PPO is much smaller than PS and PPO exhibits smooth groove formation. The PS50/PPO50 and PS20/PPO80 blends exhibit superior scratch and indentation resistance than PS and PPO. Damage morphology observation by POM and indentation tests reveals that molecular orientation is more restricted, and resistance against indentation increases for blends. This is due mainly to densification of the blend system.
An integrated cascode DE power amplifier for RF calibration system towards measurement of bio‐sensor applications
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Dwari Santanu , Kumar Sandeep , song Hanjung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe integrated cascode DE power amplifier for RF calibration system toward measurement of bio‐sensor applications is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture includes cascode class‐D and class‐E amplifier stages that could provide better calibration accuracy in terms of wide bandwidth, power efficiency, high gain, minimum group delay, and lowest calibration system. The achieved high performance of proposed amplifier overcomes conventional measurement issues toward bio‐sensor application. The inductive π‐shape matching network drives RF input to class‐D stage and provides wide bandwidth of operation. While class‐E stage with T‐shape matching network maintains stable gain and high efficiency in desired band of operation. The performance of the CMOS proposed amplifier is executed in RF ADS simulator along with fabricated chip using commercial TSMC 65 nm manufacturing process. The simulated and measured data achieves Ku band (12 GHz to 18 GHz) with almost flat gain of 30 dB. The DE amplifier provides an output and saturated power of 17 dBm with highest power efficiency of 45%. The measured calibration factor at maximum resonant frequency of 13.5 GHz achieves best value of less than 2 dB within input power range of −50 dBm to 0 dBm. The lowest calibration factor provides best accuracy along with the other parameters and could be beneficial toward bio‐sensor measurement in the various applications. The calculated area of the fabricated chip is as 0.45*0.45mm2 where class‐E consuming area of 38% and class‐D of 44%. The fabricated chip consumes less power consumption of 3.2 mW under power supply of 1 V.
Microwave photonics‐based all optical wavelength conversion of Nyquist‐DP‐16QAM for flex‐grid optical networks with 112 Gbps
Authors: Li Guang , Li Jianqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate an all optical wavelength conversion of Nyquist differential phase 16 quadrature amplitude modulation based on microwave photonics signal processing for flex‐grid optical networks. By analyzing the mechanism of the microwave photonics and adjusting the parameters of the components, multi‐wavelength tunable laser with smooth and adjustable optical intensity can be obtained. Then, the multi‐channel photonic signals with the minimal guard space of 5 GHz can be obtained, which provide more than 20 flex‐grids for optical transmission with transparent rate and format. The optical power of converted wavelengths, optical signal‐to‐noise ratio, error vector magnitude, and bit error rate (BER) are studied under the condition of different flex‐grids, the frequencies of which are from 15 GHz to 36 GHz. The channel frequency spacing and amplitude of the converted wavelength can be dynamically adjusted via parameter configuration. Flex‐grid spacing strategies and channel selecting strategies are given. The BER performance of all converted channels can fall below the forward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10−3 by optimizing the optical power of the receiver end. The results show the tradeoff between the BER and the detected optical power of the receiver end. These research findings could provide solutions for spectrum allocation and routing selection when wavelength conversion is needed in optical links.
Novel rat‐race coupler of arbitrary power division design using resonant substrate integrated waveguide cavity
Authors: Hong Wanchu , Hsu Chung‐I G. , Li Jen‐Chih , Ho Min‐Hua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe contribution of this letter is to propose a novel rat‐race hybrid coupler of arbitrary power division design. The rat‐race coupler's arbitrary power division design is approached by using a resonant square substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. The employed SIW cavity is operated under the resonance of the combined TE102 and TE201 modes. Due to the nature of the square cavity, these two modes are termed degenerate modes which possess the same resonance frequencies but exhibit distinct field distributions. Theoretically, the cavity can be excited by an arbitrary combination of these two degenerate modes, and each of the modes' power is solitarily extracted by an SMA probe located at an adequate position. The microstrip together with the perpendicularly oriented slot are used to resonate the cavity with a designated combination of the degenerate modes. Sample experiments are conducted on 3 dB and 10 dB coupling designs with the circuits' performance evaluated by the coupling precision, isolations, and phase imbalances.
Dual‐band dual‐sense circularly polarized antenna for S‐ and C‐band applications
Authors: Tran Huy Hung , Le Tuan Tu , Nguyen Truong Khang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a dual‐band dual‐sense circularly polarized (CP) antenna for S‐ and C‐band applications. A semicircular patch and a circular slot are first designed to achieve wide operation bandwidth in the C‐band with right‐hand CP (RHCP), and then, a curved slot is properly inserted around the circular slot for S‐band realization with left‐hand CP (LHCP). Final antenna prototype has an overall size of 0.32λ
L × 0.32λ
L × 0.01λ
L, where λ
L is free‐space wavelength at the lowest CP frequency. Experimental results show that good CP characteristics for both RHCP and LHCP can be achieved. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is from 2.2 to 6.5 GHz, equivalent to about 98.8%. Additionally, the measured 3 dB axial‐ratio bandwidths for lower and upper bands are, respectively, 4.9% (2.4‐2.52 GHz) and 40.8% (4.0‐6.05 GHz).
Optimization of steady‐state free precession MRI for lung ventilation imaging with 19F C3F8 at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Maunder Adam , Rao Madhwesha , Robb Fraser , Wild Jim M. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:To optimize 19F imaging pulse sequences for perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas human lung ventilation MRI considering intrinsic in vivo relaxation parameters at both 1.5T and 3T.Methods:Optimization of the imaging parameters for both 3D spoiled gradient (SPGR) and steady‐state free precession (SSFP) 19F imaging sequences with inhaled 79% C3F8% and 21% oxygen was performed. Phantom measurements were used to validate simulations of SNR. In vivo parameter mapping and sequence optimization and comparison was performed by imaging the lungs of a healthy adult volunteer. T1 and T2* mapping was performed in vivo to optimize sequence parameters for in vivo lung MRI. The performance of SSFP and SPGR was then evaluated in vivo at 1.5T and 3T.Results:The in vivo T2* of C3F8 was shown to be dependent upon lung inflation level (2.04 ms ± 36% for residual volume and 3.14 ms ± 28% for total lung capacity measured at 3T), with lower T2* observed near the susceptibility interfaces of the diaphragm and around pulmonary blood vessels. Simulation and phantom measurements indicate that a factor of ~2‐3 higher SNR can be achieved with SSFP when compared with optimized SPGR. In vivo lung imaging showed a 1.7 factor of improvement in SNR achieved at 1.5T, while the theoretical improvement at 3T was not attained due to experimental SAR constraints, shorter in vivo T1, and B0 inhomogeneity.Conclusion:SSFP imaging provides increased SNR in lung ventilation imaging of C3F8 demonstrated at 1.5T with optimized SSFP similar to the SNR that can be obtained at 3T with optimized SPGR.
Silent T2* and T2 encoding using ZTE combined with BURST
Authors: Schulte Rolf F. , Buonincontri Guido , Costagli Mauro , Menini Anne , Wiesinger Florian , Solana Ana Beatriz 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo obtain T2* and T2‐weighted images as well as quantitative T2*, T2, and susceptibility maps with a novel, silent 3D imaging method, which combines zero‐echo‐time (ZTE) imaging with gradient‐ and spin‐echo BURST encoding.MethodsAfter a segment of standard ZTE encoding with multiple 3D radial k‐space spokes, the direction of traversing k‐space is reversed while excitation is switched off. This recalls gradient echoes for each spoke/excitation. This results in multiple images: one FID image from ZTE and multiple BURST echo images at different echo times weighted by a T2* decay. By adding a pair of 180° pulses with an appropriate wait period, it is also possible to obtain spin echoes, leading to T2‐weighted images. Data is reconstructed using standard 3D gridding and Fourier transformation. In vivo feasibility was demonstrated by imaging the brain of multiple healthy volunteers.ResultsIt is possible to acquire high‐quality T2*‐ and T2‐weighted brain images in a silent manner. From images acquired with gradient‐echo ZTE‐BURST, it is possible to extract quantitative T2* and magnetic susceptibility maps, whereas the spin echo version yields T2 maps.ConclusionZTE combined with BURST enables silent acquisition of T2*‐ and T2‐weighted images with good image quality.