bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological diagnosis of ovarian mass
Authors: Shadab Shahali , Tadayon Tadayon 
Published: April 2018

Background: Ovarian cysts are common forms of gynecological problems that can be range from physiological cysts to highly aggressive neoplastic lesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence and frequency of different histopathological patterns of ovarian lesions and their correlation with various parameters in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and Methods: This is the retrospective study of patients with the ovarian masses at Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital from 2010 - 2015. The relevant clinical details about the patient were retrieved from hospital data. Clinical characteristics of patients such as patient's age, presenting signs and symptoms, histopathological diagnosis, mass type, mass subtype, size of cysts and ovary which is involved were noted. Results: Two hundred sixty seven specimens of ovarian tumor obtained for histopathological examination. Of these, 163(61.0%) were tumor like, 96(36.0%) were benign tumor and 8(3.0%) were malignant. The most common tumor like conditions was Corpus luteum cyst (43.4% cases), among benign and malignant tumors, mature cystic teratoma (17.2% of total) and Epithelial tumors (n=4) were most common. There is a statistically significant positive relation between age and various ovarian masses. (P= 0.002). Histopathological diagnosis wasn't correlated with ovarian involvement.Conclusion: Benign tumors are more common than malignant tumors in all age groups. Germ cell tumors followed by surface epithelial cell tumors are the commonest tumor. Mature cystic teratoma was the most common tumor. Unilaterality is more frequently seen in ovarian tumors and various tumors are seen in various age groups.
Clinico-histological analysis of non-neoplastic lesions of cervix
Authors: Dayal Seema 
Published: April 2018

Background: Cervix from hysterectomy constitutes the majority of gynecological specimens and includes genital infections to invasive carcinoma. These cervical lesions are the source of morbidity and mortality in women. But, there are many benign lesions which appears malignant on gross and microscopy so, misdiagnosed. Hence, clinical and histopathological examination of cervix is required for proper diagnosis and to exclude misdiagnosis.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in Histopathology section of Pathology Department of Rural Institute of Medical Science and Research, Saifai, Etawah (U.P) India from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2015 on 1544 hysterectomy specimens. Histopathology examination was the diagnostic tool. Cervical pathologies in hysterectomy specimens were evaluated grossly and microscopically and correlated with clinical findings. Results: Vaginal discharge was the most common clinical complaint (43.00%), followed by bleeding complaints (23.38 %). Grossly normal cervix was seen in (32.51 %) and nabothian follicles were found in (20.07%). On histopathology examination, chronic cervicitis was the most common pathology (79.66 %).Conclusion: Cervix is site of shades of grey lesions that include cervical dysplasia to malignancy. But majority of cervical pathologies are benign lesions. However, many times benign lesions are misdiagnosed as malignant. Histopathological examination along with clinical findings is mandatory for the early and accurate diagnosis. Health camps along with cervix screening and educational awareness program should be carried out.
A study of gastrointestinal tumors at kathmandu medical college teaching hospital
Authors: Pradhan Sailesh Bahadur , Pradhan Binita , Maharjan Sailuja , Thapa Prabin Bikram 
Published: April 2018

Background: Gastrointestinal tract tumour is responsible for more cancers and death than any other cancers. The tumour in GIT include the tumour of the Oral cavity, Esophagus, Stomach, Colon, Rectum, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas and Biliary tree.Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among all the gastrointestinal tract tumours specimens received for histopathological examination in between January 2016 to June 2017 in Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. All tumors diagnosed either benign or malignant were included in this study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee in KMCTH.Results: Colorectum was found to be the most commonly involved site for malignant lesion comprising 40.2% among all malignant lesions followed by stomach comprising 28.6%. Malignancy was found to be more prevalent among male with M:F ratio of 1.6:1 in colorectal region and 1.4:1 in stomach cancers. Regarding benign lesions (polyps), rectum was found to be the commonest site (57.5%), followed by colon (20.0%) and stomach, the least common site.Malignant lesions were more common among the age group of 51-60 years (37.66%) with 70.13% above 50 years. Benign lesions were also found to be the most common above 50 years comprising 40.0 percent.Conclusion: Rectum & colon was found to be the most commonly involved site for both malignant and benign lesion. Malignancy is more prevalent among male and common above 50 years of age. However, malignant cases noted in the adult age group are a matter of great concern.
Lesion with blue bone-a case report
Authors: Ilias Laila Mohamed , Mohammed Babitha Alingal , PS Roshini , Ponniah Anupama , Vijayan Poornima 
Published: April 2018

Bizzare parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, or Nora‘s lesion is a unique bone lesion that most often arises in the small bones of hands and feet. It is characterised by proliferation of chondroid, bony and fibrous tissue, and is occasionally misdiagnosed as a malignant process. Our case was a 31 yr old lady, who presented with a painless swelling near the 5th metacarpal bone of right hand. X-ray showed well marginated mineralised mass arising from the cortical surface of the metacarpal bone. Histopathological examination revealed bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation composed of varying amounts of cartilage, bone and spindle cells. Cartilage was hypercellular and chondrocytes were enlarged. Ossification was irregular and had a peculiar blue tinctorial quality.
An uracil-linked hydroxyflavone probe for the recognition of ATP
Authors: Bojtár Márton , Janzsó-Berend Péter Zoltán , Mester Dávid , Hessz Dóra , Kállay Mihály , Kubinyi Miklós , Bitter István 
Published: April 2018

Background: Nucleotides are essential molecules in living systems due to their paramount importance in various physiological processes. In the past years, numerous attempts were made to selectively recognize and detect these analytes, especially ATP using small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors. Despite the various solutions, the selective detection of ATP is still challenging due to the structural similarity of various nucleotides. In this paper, we report the conjugation of a uracil nucleobase to the known 4’-dimethylamino-hydroxyflavone fluorophore.Results: The complexation of this scaffold with ATP is already known. The complex is held together by stacking and electrostatic interactions. To achieve multi-point recognition, we designed the uracil-appended version of this probe to include complementary base-pairing interactions. The theoretical calculations revealed the availability of multiple complex structures. The synthesis was performed using click chemistry and the nucleotide recognition properties of the probe were evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy.Conclusions: The first, uracil-containing fluorescent ATP probe based on a hydroxyflavone fluorophore was synthesized and evaluated. A selective complexation with ATP was observed and a ratiometric response in the excitation spectrum.
Difficult to Doable: Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Distance Education
Authors: Cannistraci Patricia , Kehm Bonny , Pieper Barbara B. , Speerschneider Kim , Farber Stacey L. , Storandt Barbara C. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
This study investigated the effect of interprofessional educational (IPE) in a distance education setting on students' self-efficacy around the Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (IPEC) constructs.

Method:
Senior RN-to-Bachelor of Science nursing students, students from health sciences, and dietetic intern students participated in the IPE learning experience. A pre- postsurvey design measured the change in student self-efficacy in relation to the IPEC constructs of values and ethics, roles and responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork.

Results:
In total, 92 students participated and 46 completed the pre–postsurvey. There were statistically significant changes in student self-efficacy across all constructs. Qualitative comments revealed themes of collaboration strengthening care, the value of exposure to different perspectives, and desire for commonly shared goals among the team.

Conclusion:

Research on IPE in distance education lags behind IPE in traditional settings. This study revealed that IPE is attainable in distance education, with significant changes in student's self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a key indicator of future behavior. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(4):225–228.]
Integrating Video Simulation Scenarios Into Online Nursing Instruction
Authors: Stanley Mary Jo , Serratos Jennifer , Matthew Wendy , Fernandez Dinorah , Dang Michelle 
Published: April 2018

Background:As nursing programs continue to expand online, innovative pedagogies that support online teaching and learning practices grounded in theoretical constructs are needed.Method:Video simulation scenarios and VoiceThread technology were used to create a model of online instruction that promotes active student participation and aligns with course objectives and content. Kolb's experiential learning theory serves as the framework for this project.Results:The integration of multimedia in the course gave students a collaborative experience where they can apply their knowledge to the simulation scenarios. Inclusion of the vignettes was found to be effective in addressing specific areas of curriculum while stimulating student engagement.Conclusion:Increased use of online delivery for nursing education necessitates course designs that promote student interaction and foster community. Teaching and learning practices that include technologies and are supported by theoretical constructs promote best practices for online instruction. [J Nurs Educ.2018;57(4):245–249.]
Application of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Technology–Organisation–Environment Model to examine social media marketing use in the South African tourism industry
Authors: Matikiti Rosemary , Mpinganjira Mercy , Roberts-Lombard Mornay 
Published: April 2018

Background: In tourism, globally there is a growing interest in social media marketing research. However, most previous research on social media marketing has focused on large tourism enterprises such as chain hotels, leaving out small tourism businesses such as travel agencies and tour operators. Objective: The aim of this research was to establish factors that influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing by travel agencies and tour operators in South Africa. Method: The study adopteda quantitative approach through the use of questionnaires. Data used in the analysis were collected from 150 travel agencies and tour operators by means of a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that managerial support and managers’ level of education are the two main internal factors which influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing. Pressure from competitors, perceived benefits and perceived ease of use were found to be the most prominent external factors which influence the use of social media marketing. The results also revealed that technical knowledge moderates the relationship between attitude towards social media marketing and the level of social media marketing usage. Conclusion: The study concludes with these recommendations: Management of travel agencies, tour operating businesses and the South African government should support the use of social media marketing by small tourism businesses through providing training and workshops on social media marketing for the employees to acquire the required skills.
Effects of solar activity and galactic cosmic ray cycles on the modulation of the annual average temperature at two sites in southern Brazil
Authors: Frigo Everton , Antonelli Francesco , da Silva Djeniffer S. S. , Lima Pedro C. M. , Pacca Igor I. G. , Bageston José V. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Quasi-periodic variations in solar activity and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on
decadal and bidecadal timescales have been suggested as a climate forcing
mechanism for many regions on Earth. One of these regions is southern Brazil,
where the lowest values during the last century were observed for the total
geomagnetic field intensity at the Earth's surface. These low values are due
to the passage of the center of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA),
which crosses the Brazilian territory from east to west following a latitude
of ∼ 26∘. In areas with low geomagnetic intensity, such as the
SAMA, the incidence of GCRs is increased. Consequently, possible climatic
effects related to the GCRs tend to be maximized in this region. In this work,
we investigate the relationship between the ∼ 11-year and
∼ 22-year cycles that are related to solar activity and GCRs and the
annual average temperature recorded between 1936 and 2014 at two weather
stations, both located near a latitude of 26∘ S but at different
longitudes. The first of these stations (Torres – TOR) is located in the
coastal region, and the other (Iraí – IRA) is located in the interior,
around 450 km from the Atlantic Ocean. Sunspot data and the solar modulation
potential for cosmic rays were used as proxies for the solar activity and the
GCRs, respectively. Our investigation of the influence of decadal and
bidecadal cycles in temperature data was carried out using the wavelet
transform coherence (WTC) spectrum. The results indicate that periodicities of 11 years
may have continuously modulated the climate at TOR via a nonlinear mechanism,
while at IRA, the effects of this 11-year modulation period were
intermittent. Four temperature maxima, separated by around 20 years, were
detected in the same years at both weather stations. These temperature maxima
are almost coincident with the maxima of the odd solar cycles. Furthermore,
these maxima occur after transitions from even to odd solar cycles, that is,
after some years of intense GCR flux. The obtained results offer indirect
mathematical evidence that solar activity and GCR variations contributed to
climatic changes in southern Brazil during the last century. A comparison of
the results obtained for the two weather stations indicates that the SAMA
also contributes indirectly to these temperature variations. The contribution
of other mechanisms also related to solar activity cannot be excluded. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)
Biological production in the Indian Ocean upwelling zones –Part 1: refined estimation via the use of a variable compensation depth in ocean carbon models
Authors: Sreeush Mohanan Geethalekshmi , Valsala Vinu , Pentakota Sreenivas , Prasad Koneru Venkata Siva Rama , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Biological modelling approach adopted by the Ocean Carbon-Cycle Model
Intercomparison Project (OCMIP-II) provided amazingly simple but
surprisingly accurate rendition of the annual mean carbon cycle for the
global ocean. Nonetheless, OCMIP models are known to have seasonal biases
which are typically attributed to their bulk parameterisation of
compensation depth. Utilising the criteria of surface Chl a-based
attenuation of solar radiation and the minimum solar radiation required for
production, we have proposed a new parameterisation for a spatially and
temporally varying compensation depth which captures the seasonality in
the production zone reasonably well. This new parameterisation is shown to
improve the seasonality of CO2 fluxes, surface ocean pCO2,
biological export and new production in the major upwelling zones of the
Indian Ocean. The seasonally varying compensation depth enriches the nutrient
concentration in the upper ocean yielding more faithful biological exports
which in turn leads to accurate seasonality in the carbon cycle. The
export production strengthens by ∼ 70 % over the western Arabian Sea
during the monsoon period and achieves a good balance between export and new
production in the model. This underscores the importance of having a seasonal
balance in the model export and new productions for a better representation of
the seasonality of the carbon cycle over upwelling regions. The study also
implies that both the biological and solubility pumps play an important role
in the Indian Ocean upwelling zones.
The experiences of caregivers providing home care for terminally ill family members at the end of life: A phenomenological study in Bahrain
Authors: Saleh Fatima , O’Neill Catherine S. 
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of caregivers providing home care for terminally ill family members, with the objectives of describing their experiences of caring for relatives who are terminally ill with cancer and the needs of home caregiving in Bahrain.Methods: The study adopted a Heideggerian, hermeneutic phenomenological design, with a purposive sample of eight family caregivers. Data was generated through one to one, in-depth interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.Results: Three main themes emerged from the data: (1) the burden of care, (2) comforts, and (3) coping. The findings showed that the lived experience of home caregiving includes physical, emotional and financial burdens, combined with a lack of professional support. The collective experience was infused with intense emotions because of a lack of structured support, resulting in negative emotions that frequently affected the caregivers’ well-being and their ability to care for the ill person. Nevertheless, caregivers tried to maintain care and comforts for their terminally ill relative in the home. They adopted the home environment, arranged resources to ease caring and provided psychological care. Caregivers utilized three coping mechanisms, faith, personal strategies and distribution of the care responsibilities among family members.Conclusions: Caregivers were not prepared for the commitment and burdens of home care when a family member is terminally ill. A recommendation from the study findings is that training be offered on nursing care before patients discharge. In addition, a reactivation of the palliative care clinic hotline service would support family caregivers. A further recommendation is that home nursing care and hospice services be established to improve homecare services for family caregivers in Bahrain.
Verantwoordelijkheid, veiligheid en strafrecht
Authors: Kortleven Willem-Jan 
Published: April 2018

Safety, accountability and criminal law: On the criminalization of fallibility
This paper analyses various landmark criminal cases in the Netherlands that saw individual professionals being blamed for allegedly contributing to safety-critical events occurring in the past twenty years. These cases can be seen as symbolizing an increasingly risk-averse society whose expectations of human capacity for securing safety have reached unprecedented levels. In this view, punishing professionals who make dangerous mistakes serves to re-establish the illusion of being in control and to satisfy emotions. In practice, however, the prosecution of professional error appears to be somewhat out of touch with public sentiment, as responses to the cases discussed revealed little public support and a backlash among professionals. Moreover, safety science and practice claim that punishing individual error tends to undermine safety and overemphasizes the role of individual error compared to systemic failures. This begs the question of whether criminal liability should be imposed at the system level, as recently happened when local governments were sentenced following fatalities on dangerous road spots. Sentencing ‘system administrators’ may have advantages, but probably produces negative effects as well. Therefore, it would be ideal if administrators reduced the need for resorting to criminal law by proactively and generously taking responsibility for their organisation’s share in accidents.
The Global Statistical Response of the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Murphy K. R. , Watt C. E. J. , Mann I. R. , Jonathan Rae I. , Sibeck D. G. , Boyd A. J. , Forsyth C. F. , Turner D. L. , Claudepierre S. G. , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing the total radiation belt electron content calculated from Van Allen Probe phase space density, the time‐dependent and global response of the outer radiation belt during storms is statistically studied. Using phase space density reduces the impacts of adiabatic changes in the main phase, allowing a separation of adiabatic and nonadiabatic effects and revealing a clear modality and repeatable sequence of events in storm time radiation belt electron dynamics. This sequence exhibits an important first adiabatic invariant (μ)‐dependent behavior in the seed (150 MeV/G), relativistic (1,000 MeV/G), and ultrarelativistic (4,000 MeV/G) populations. The outer radiation belt statistically shows an initial phase dominated by loss followed by a second phase of rapid acceleration, while the seed population shows little loss and immediate enhancement. The time sequence of the transition to the acceleration is also strongly μ dependent and occurs at low μ first, appearing to be repeatable from storm to storm.
Production of Sulfates Onboard an Aircraft: Implications for the Cost and Feasibility of Stratospheric Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Smith Jordan P. , Dykema John A. , Keith David W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInjection of sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere, a form of solar geoengineering, has been proposed as a means to reduce some climatic changes by decreasing net anthropogenic radiative forcing. The cost and technical feasibility of forming aerosols with the appropriate size distribution are uncertain. We examine the possibility of producing the relevant sulfur species, SO2 or SO3, by in situ conversion from elemental sulfur onboard an aircraft. We provide a first‐order engineering analysis of an open cycle chemical plant for in situ sulfur to sulfate conversion using a Brayton cycle combustor and a catalytic converter. We find that such a plant could have sufficiently low mass that the overall requirement for mass transport to the lower stratosphere may be reduced by roughly a factor of 2. All else equal, this suggests that—for a given radiative forcing—the cost of delivering sulfate aerosols may be nearly halved. Beyond reducing cost, the use of elemental sulfur reduces operational health and safety risks and should therefore reduce environmental side effects associated with delivery. Reduction in cost is not necessarily beneficial as it reduces practical barriers to deployment, increasing the urgency of questions concerning the efficacy, risks, and governance of solar geoengineering.