bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing telephone-delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and web-delivered CBT versus treatment as usual in irritable bowel syndrome (ACTIB): a multicentre randomised trial
Authors: Everitt Hazel Anne , Landau Sabine , O’Reilly Gilly , Sibelli Alice , Hughes Stephanie , Windgassen Sula , Holland Rachel , Little Paul , McCrone Paul , Bishop Felicity , Goldsmith Kimberley , Coleman Nicholas , Logan Robert , Chalder Trudie , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of two modes of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for IBS compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in refractory IBS.DesignA three-arm randomised controlled trial assessing telephone-delivered CBT (TCBT), web-based CBT (WCBT) with minimal therapist support, and TAU. Blinding participants and therapists was not possible. Chief investigator, assessors and statisticians were blinded. Participants were adults with refractory IBS (clinically significant symptoms for ≥12 months despite first-line therapies), recruited by letter and opportunistically from 74 general practices and three gastroenterology centres in London and South of England between May 2014 to March 2016. Co-primary outcomes were IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) at 12 months.Results558/1452 (38.4%) patients screened for eligibility were randomised: 76% female: 91% white: mean age 43 years. (391/558) 70.1% completed 12 months of follow-up. Primary outcomes: Compared with TAU (IBS-SSS 205.6 at 12 months), IBS-SSS was 61.6 (95% CI 33.8 to 89.5) points lower (p<0.001) in TCBT and 35.2 (95% CI 12.6 to 57.8) points lower (p=0.002) in WCBT at 12 months. Compared with TAU (WSAS score 10.8 at 12 months) WSAS was 3.5 (95% CI 1.9 to 5.1) points lower (p<0.001) in TCBT and 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 4.6) points lower (p=0.001) in WCBT. All secondary outcomes showed significantly greater improvement (p≤0.002) in CBT arms compared with TAU. There were no serious adverse reactions to treatment.ConclusionBoth CBT interventions were superior to TAU up to 12 months of follow-up.Trial registration numberISRCTN44427879.
Research on the Effect of Tree Barriers on Rockfall Using a Three-Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method
Authors: Liu Guoyang , Li Junjie 
Published: May 2019

On rockfall slopes, trees can play a natural and efficient protective role in preventing the occurrence of rockfall disasters. This paper presents a study on the tree barrier effect on rockfall based on a three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3D DDA) method. The tree barrier effect on rockfall is studied considering the 3D spatial effect of rockfall movement and the 3D spatial distribution of trees. The basic movement forms and collision modes of rockfall related to the tree barrier are classified, and the impact factors of tree arrangements on rockfall are proposed. The contact mechanism employed in the 3D DDA method is illustrated, and the accuracy of the 3D DDA rockfall simulation is verified by comparing with the results obtained from laboratory experiments. Numerical examples are conducted to study the effect of the tree barrier on rockfall, and general laws are derived by analyzing the variation of kinetic energies and motion trajectories of moving blocks. The results show that the 3D DDA method can effectively predict the 3D motion behaviors of rockfall and assess the tree barrier effect. Furthermore, a reasonable arrangement of trees or a combination of protective facilities and trees can prevent or mitigate the rockfall hazards.
‘Bring the Puppy here’
Authors: Muitjens Glyn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs recent scholarship has demonstrated, the Hippocratic treatises include many ritual elements. Taking this blurred boundary between medicine and ritual as a starting point, I will focus on a particular operation in the Hippocratic treatise Barrenness (Steril. 18.3)—which stands out because of the exceptional specificity of the procedure described. I wish to argue that this specificity can be best accounted for by comparing the procedure to a ritual described in Sophron’s fragment 4A. Reading these texts together and pointing out their correspondences not only helps in explaining the procedure in Steril. 18.3 more satisfactorily than has been done to date, but also allows me to propose a new interpretation of the title of Sophron 4A and the contents of its ritual.
Christian Environmental Ethics and Economic Stasis
Authors: Snyder Brian F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe growth paradigm assumes that economic growth is objectively good because it leads to increased prosperity and utility maximization. Christian ethics oppose this worldview because it rejects the idea that economic prosperity is objectively good. Instead, Christian ethics are theocentric, assuming that God and the relationship with the divine is objectively good. Material prosperity is seen to interfere with this relationship. Still, there are at least two views of the human-divine relationship that have implications for environmental ethics. The first and most popular view argues that the human-divine relationship is mediated by the human-in-community relationship. Alternatively, individualistic theism posits that the human-divine relationship is individually available without community-centeredness. This individualistic view has been criticized as leading to an insufficient ethic of environmental care, however, here we argue that a radical dualism consistent with the Christian Gospels can lead to an ethos of environmental benevolence.
Transoceanic Orientalism and Embodied Translation in Sayyida Salme/Emily Ruete’s Memoirs
Authors: Oruc Firat 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Emily Ruete’s Memoirs of an Arabian Princess was first published, in German, in 1886, on the threshold of the nineteenth-century imperialist “Scramble for Africa.” Ruete’s exilic relationship with both Europe and Africa made her an insider-outsider, well positioned to capture the imperial stage of Enlightenment Orientalism in flux and transmit it across the oceans to a public who would have found the life she describes unimaginable. In relaying the story of how Sayyida Salme became Emily Ruete, the Memoirs employs a mode of translation that is simultaneously linguistic, cultural, religious, and material. In Ruete’s case, translation is an embodied act. As a translator, Salme/Ruete critically and comparatively translates Zanzibar, and by extension the “Orient,” for a Western audience by virtue of her body being able to enter into and to pass through multiple social and cultural spaces.
The Rise of the Concept of Laws of Nature Revisited
Authors: Oakley Francis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Over the course of the past half-century and in the wake of the first articles published on the matter by Edgar Zilsel, Joseph Needham, and myself, historians of science have come to focus with growing insistence on the rise to prominence among the seventeenthw-century mechanical philosophers of the concept of (physical) laws of nature and on the significant role it played in the emergence of early-modern science. Revisiting the case I made on that matter in 1961, this paper goes on to engage in dialogue with the related but divergent argument John Henry framed in the course of his “Metaphysics and the Origins of Modern Science,” an article that appeared in in the pages of Early Science and Medicine in the year 2004.
Sacred Medicine and the Bible: Thomas Bartholin’s On Biblical Diseases (1672)
Authors: Ross Tricia M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Danish physician Thomas Bartholin, famous for his work as an anatomist, also nourished a career-long interest in accounts of medicine in the Bible that resulted in a series of books on the topic. His final such work, On Biblical Diseases (De morbis biblicis, 1672) attracted a wide readership and was regarded by contemporaries as a model of an early modern practice called medicina sacra, the analysis of biblical accounts of disease and healing. Taking Biblical Diseases as a focal point, I investigate methods and goals of early modern study of medicine in the Bible. Setting out early influences that shaped Bartholin’s development, I demonstrate connections between his work and its precursors. Examining Biblical Diseases itself, I indicate how Bartholin deployed contemporary medical, philological, theological, and historical knowledge to scrutinize biblical accounts. A brief glance at the reception of Biblical Diseases reveals that theologians and physicians alike utilized Bartholin’s work and how it influenced subsequent studies of medicine in the Bible.
The Energy of Concepts: The Role of Concepts in Long-Term Intellectual History and Social Reality
Authors: Straumann Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper the centrality of concepts for intellectual history is stressed. Naturally, this focus on concepts requires an account of what concepts are. More contentiously, an account of how concepts are best approached by intellectual historians also requires taking a stand vis-à-vis some prevailing notions of concepts. In particular, I will direct attention to the weaknesses of the historicist theory of concepts derived from the later Wittgenstein. By contrast, I will put forward an account of conceptual innovation and change in intellectual history based on a notion of concept loosely inspired by Frege. The first three parts of the paper lay out a framework for what I call “analytic contextualism,” which is then briefly illustrated with an example from the history of political thought in the fourth part. I argue that this framework should be attractive to intellectual historians for two reasons: First, Fregean concepts, due to their relative independence from context, explain long-term conceptual stability and change better than competing notions of concepts. Second, a Fregean notion of concept is better suited than its competitors to explain how concepts and conceptual innovation sometimes manage to have causal effect on institutions and social reality. To demonstrate the latter point, it will be shown that my account of concepts is consistent with, and well placed to exploit, recent philosophical advances in social ontology.
Samuel Ajayi Crowther’s Journeys in Christian and Islamic Book History
Authors: Ney Stephen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Samuel Ajayi Crowther, the Yoruba linguist and Anglican missionary bishop, interacted in the 1870s with communities of multilingual Islamic scholars on the north fringe of Yorubaland. This essay uses contemporary scholarship on the book culture of Ilọrin to shed light on Crowther’s letters, in particular his triumphant account of a formal audience with the emir of Ilọrin in 1872, during which his performance centred on the bilingual collection of Christian books he bore. He emphasized the uniqueness and novelty of his Christian books and their associated practices. Yet his accounts invite us to begin viewing Africa’s Christian and Islamic book histories through the same analytical frame, which reveals how they were constituted in part through their interactions. This allows us to see they had more in common than Crowther assumed and than many scholarly accounts of African book history assume, particularly in the areas of the physicality of books, the modes of performance associated with books, and the interpersonal transactions that books facilitate.
Centre Stage and Behind the Scenes with the “lion of Katanga”
Authors: Schalbroeck Eva 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article complicates the image of Benedictine missionary Jean-Félix de Hemptinne (1876–1958), a central figure of the 20th century Belgian colonial and evangelisation endeavour in the Congo, as a steadfast missionary with political, religious and economic power. It contextualises his ideas within wider debates on religion, civilisation and colonialism and looks at the strategies he employed to defend his authority. Through the figure of the Apostolic Vicar of Katanga, this article rethinks the ideas and the power mechanisms, in particular the “trinity” between church, state and capital and the church-state alliance, which underpinned the Belgian colonial and missionary enterprise.
Secular/Religious Myths of Violence: The Case of Nizārī Ismailis of the Alamūt Period
Authors: Mohammad Poor Daryoush 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Contemporary narratives of violence, particularly in the aftermaths of the most recent expressions of violence by the so-called ‘Islamist’ groups have rekindled the false dichotomy of religious versus secular violence. Such a deforming prism which has also become dominant in political science traces the origins of violence to faith communities in medieval times and, among others, to Nizārī Ismailis, with whom the myth of the assassins have been associated. Despite the ground-breaking works of prominent scholars of Ismaili studies, the myth of the assassins still remains powerful in some disciplines including political theory. This paper deconstructs this narrative and attempts to highlight the agencies of individuals and communities, as human agents, as opposed to essentialist narratives in which faith, or a particular faith, in its abstraction, becomes responsible for the outbreak of violence. Moving beyond reductionist narratives of violence is critical for breaking the vicious cycle of violence which besets human societies around the globe.
Revitalisation of Cultural Heritage in Mongolia
Authors: Bumochir Dulam , Munkherdene Gantulga 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In contemporary Mongolia—a country with 29 years’ history of international development policy—the conventional interpretation regarding the oppression of and liberation from the Soviet regime is no longer valid for understanding its politics of cultural heritage. Today, development projects and associated environmental, social and cultural assessments play a central role in safeguarding cultural heritage. Therefore, alternative interpretations are necessary to comprehend current and further processes of cultural heritage politics. This paper introduces two case studies of new cultural heritage politics involving Mongolia’s two ‘megaprojects’: Oyu Tolgoi gold and copper mining, and River Eg hydroelectric station.
The Formation of Network Society in Vietnam: Promise or Peril?
Authors: Duong Mai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Empowered by information technology, the Vietnamese online community is becoming the most progressive and active social group in Vietnam. Using network society theory developed by Manuel Castells, this article investigates the impact of Facebook on the formation of cyber-networks in which internet users access uncensored information and voice their opinions about politics and everyday life. My arguments are based on an analysis of blogs, online discussion groups, and semi-structured interviews with Vietnamese activists, bloggers, and journalists. While the Vietnamese authorities struggle to find ways to control the dynamism of the developing cyber-society, these networks are leading Vietnamese netizens into the habit of using new media such as Facebook to become familiar with the basic values of cyber-democracy.
India’s Digital Archives: Online Spaces for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Müller Katja 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Digital archives are spaces for managing collections and providing online access to heritage material stored in museums and archives. In India, conventions on preserving cultural heritage in combination with the national agenda of ‘Digital India’ influence recent projects on digitizing collections and creating online repositories. Looking at ‘Virtual Museums’ and ‘Euro-Indian Paintings’ as two projects initiated by the Indian Ministry of Culture, this article sheds light on the dynamics involved in digitizing Indian cultural heritage: the visions, implementation, and use of the digital collection. The projects represent substantial efforts at creating modern collection management systems that would assemble heritage information in a single, online accessible space. In practice, however, it is not only information and communications technology for development that drives the creation of digital archives but also bureaucratic habits, reluctance, and impediments to forming it. Conceptions shape digital spaces but so do their implementation and (dis)use.
Digital Smartness: Rethinking Communities and Citizenship in the Face of ‘Smart’ Technology
Authors: Schneider Florian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis introduction to the Asiascape: Digital Asia special issue on ‘smart communities’ discusses how new technologies have created a paradigm of ‘smartness’ that informs how innovators, entrepreneurs, policy makers, and administrators imagine sociality in urban spaces. This is visible in plans for turning Singapore, Hong Kong, or Taipei into ‘smart cities’, and countries such as India, Japan, and South Korea are similarly rolling out initiatives that promise to revamp urban life across the region. Such ‘solutionist’ attempts to address the complexities of contemporary social life through technology cleverly fuse surveillance techniques, capitalist structures, free labour practices, and neoliberal governance to create urban utopias of safety, convenience, and community. We have asked the contributors to this special issue to explore what people do, through and with digital technologies, as they establish, claim, contest, and alter various social relations in the name of ‘smart community’, and this article introduces and discusses their results.
Shelter Cats: From Admission to Adoption—Ethical and Welfare Concerns
Authors: Fragoso Sara 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of cats as pets, many cats end up housed for long periods of time in shelters. These shelters are increasingly under the spotlight by local communities in the way in which they deal with problematic issues, for they may be seen as an example or as target of criticism. In regards to cat (re)homing there are several relevant welfare and ethical issues. Shelters should have a proactive and well-defined strategy to improve welfare and reduce the number of sheltered cats. Those with the authority to make decisions should consider the available resources and hold in perspective the viewpoints of others, especially that of the cat. The challenge is to avoid judgments based on our own quality of life standards which may lead to decisions based on emotional factors to manage the situation. Is it moral for humans to poses the power to determine a cat’s fate? Despite not having an answer for what is the right solution, the way to proceed should be clearly defined. If there is a strategy and a plan, there is an opportunity to readjust and improve. What are the main reasons for all these problems? Most of the related questions don’t have direct answers. However, instead of reacting in order to solve the problem, we should proactively focus on prevention, mainly through population control and education, knowing that what seems good and right at that moment might be considered wrong and obsolete in a near future, in the light of the development of scientific knowledge and societal values.
On the Relation between Movements and the Shape of Somites in Early Embryos of the Teleost Brachydanio Rerio
Authors: van Raamsdonk W. , Pool C.W. , Mijzen P. , Mos W. , van der Stelt A. 
Published: May 2019

As a working hypothesis it is supposed that in the teleost Brachydanio rerio, the muscle contractions, the growth, and probably some other factors, cause the first changes in the shape of the somites. Furthermore, the movements of the embryo could yield the forces by which the somites are brought to their theoretically optimal shape.
In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated the somite shape and structure of spontaneously immobile embryos. Although the results are difficult to interpret, they certainly do not contradict the hypothesis.
For further analysis we applied two kinds of lesions in order to immobilize early embryos: removal of the brain, and damage to the midbody somites. The results of these experiments indicate that both the development of the shape of the somite and the arrangement of the muscle fibres are dependent on movements of the embryo.
Modulation of Monsoon Circulations by Cross-Equatorial Ocean Heat Transport
Authors: Lutsko Nicholas J. , Marshall John , Green Brian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Motivated by observations of southward ocean heat transport (OHT) in the northern Indian Ocean during summer, the role of the ocean in modulating monsoon circulations is explored by coupling an atmospheric model to a slab ocean with an interactive representation of OHT and an idealized subtropical continent. Southward OHT by the cross-equatorial cells is caused by Ekman flow driven by southwesterly monsoon winds in the summer months, cooling sea surface temperatures (SSTs) south of the continent. This increases the reversed meridional surface gradient of moist static energy, shifting the precipitation maximum over the land and strengthening the monsoonal circulation, in the sense of enhancing the vertical wind shear. However, the atmosphere’s cross-equatorial meridional overturning circulation is also weakened by the presence of southward OHT, as the atmosphere is required to transport less energy across the equator. The sensitivity of these effects to varying the strength of the OHT, fixing the OHT at its annual-mean value, and to removing the land is explored. Comparisons with more realistic models suggest that the idealized model used in this study produces a reasonable representation of the effect of OHT on SSTs equatorward of subtropical continents, and hence can be used to study the role of OHT in shaping monsoon circulations on Earth.
Stratification Effects in the Turbulent Boundary Layer beneath a Melting Ice Shelf: Insights from Resolved Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Taylor John R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOcean turbulence contributes to the basal melting and dissolution of ice shelves by transporting heat and salt toward the ice. The meltwater causes a stable salinity stratification to form beneath the ice that suppresses turbulence. Here we use large-eddy simulations motivated by the ice shelf–ocean boundary layer (ISOBL) to examine the inherently linked processes of turbulence and stratification, and their influence on the melt rate. Our rectangular domain is bounded from above by the ice base where a dynamic melt condition is imposed. By varying the speed of the flow and the ambient temperature, we identify a fully turbulent, well-mixed regime and an intermittently turbulent, strongly stratified regime. The transition between regimes can be characterized by comparing the Obukhov length, which provides a measure of the distance away from the ice base where stratification begins to dominate the flow, to the viscous length scale of the interfacial sublayer. Upper limits on simulated turbulent transfer coefficients are used to predict the transition from fully to intermittently turbulent flow. The predicted melt rate is sensitive to the choice of the heat and salt transfer coefficients and the drag coefficient. For example, when coefficients characteristic of fully developed turbulence are applied to intermittent flow, the parameterized three-equation model overestimates the basal melt rate by almost a factor of 10. These insights may help to guide when existing parameterizations of ice melt are appropriate for use in regional or large-scale ocean models, and may also have implications for other ice–ocean interactions such as fast ice or drifting ice.