bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de adultos mayores con tests funcionales y de marcha
Authors: Feijó Franco , Bonezi Artur , Stefen Carolina , Polero Patricia , Bona Renata Luísa 
Published: November 2018

El envejecimiento disminuye la autonomía e independencia de los adultos mayores. La fuerza muscular, flexibilidad y marcha son mejoradas con actividad física. Objetivos: comparar los resultados de las características físicas, los tests funcionales y tests de marcha entre grupos de adultos mayores activos y sedentarios; Metodogía: se evaluaron dos grupos, cada uno con 13 individuos, de adultos mayores activos y sedentarios - el nivel de actividad física fue autoreportado - mediante cinco tests funcionales y dos tests de marcha. Resultados: el grupo de activos presentó mayor circunferencia abdominal e índice cintura-cadera. No fueron encontradas diferencias para los tests funcionales y de marcha entre los dos grupos. Con diferentes ecuaciones fueron encontradas diferencias intra grupo: la ecuación de Enright & Sherrill, 1998 y Troosters, Gosselink & Decramer, 1999 para los dos grupos; para la ecuación de Enright, 2003 para el grupo de sedentarios. Conclusiones: Solamente hubo diferencia entre grupos para dos variables físicas. Se sugiere que la intensidad de la actividad física debe ser sistematizada y monitoreada para que sea posible alcanzar los resultados y beneficios de una vida activa.
Climate of the Europe. Past, Present, Future
Authors: Boryczka Jerzy , Stopa-Boryczka Maria 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The advancing warming of Earth climate has largely been influenced by natural causes, i.e. increased Solar activity and decreasing volcanic activity on Earth. It still remains unknown which part of the warming process results from the increased amount of Solar energy reaching Earth surface, and which is being caused by the anthropogenic part of atmosphere’s greenhouse effect. The facts speaking in favour of natural factors include synchronic changes of mean air temperature on the Northern hemisphere between 1856 – 2002, mean consecutive 11-year Wolf numbers, and the location of mass centres of the four biggest planets in our Solar system.
The theory of natural causes of climate warming is also backed by synchronic changes in carbon dioxide concentration and paleotemperature within the last 160,000 years and 450,000 years, recreated based Antarctica ice cores. Warmings occur every 100,000 years. They are triggered by increased Solar radiation in large geographic latitudes resulting from changes in Earth orbit and Earth axis slant (according to the already accepted Milankovic theory).
“Parallelism” of changes in CO2 concentration and paleotemperture shows that the atmospheric content of carbon dioxide is shaped by the amount of Solar radiation reaching Earth – through shifts in ocean waters temperature. It is more credible to claim that “CO2 concentration in atmosphere rises along with the amount of Solar radiation reaching Earth surface (i.e. when it is warmer).”
The Size of the Basic Unit in Geographical Analysis
Authors: Suchożebrski Jarosław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In geographical analysis such as mathematical classification and modeling, the study area is divided into a network of basic (quasi-homogenous) units. A technique often used in the delimitation of the basic unit to be analyzed is the division of the study area into a network of uniform geometrical figures (block-centered grid). This article presents two objective methods for dividing the surface area of the study region into a network of basic units. The geometric method makes it possible to determine the optimal size of the basic unit, relative to the surface area being analyzed. This method may be used in analysis conducted on a regional scale, in which case the analysis and the results are characterized by a greater degree of generalization. Geostatistical methods (semivariance analysis and nearest-neighbor analysis) make it possible to determine the size of the cell in the grid of quasi-homogenous units, based on the spatial variation of elements in the natural environment and on the placement of data points. These methods can be recommended for the analysis of small areas (e.g. small drainage areas), when highly detailed data and results are required.
Geopolitical Essence of Central Europe in Writings of Eugeniusz Romer
Authors: Jędrzejczyk Dobiesław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Eugeniusz Romer maintained that the notion of Central Europe, introduced at the end of the 19th century by German geographers was of a distinct geopolitical character. The thesis that Poland is situated in a transitional zone between the Western and the Eastern Europe denies Poland the right to an independent political existence. Romer’s opinion was that the location of Poland is characterised by its bridge-like situation between the Baltic and the Black Seas. This location determines the geopolitical identity of Poland as well as its rights to independence. Romer’s arguments, supported by cartographic, demographic and ethnographic research became the basis for the determination of the area and the borders of Poland at the peace conference in Paris (1919 – 1920).
Development of the Jewish Urban Settlement in Israel in View of the Theory of the Innovation Diffusion
Authors: Mularczyk Mirosław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Presentation of the current state and development tendencies of Jewish urban settlement in Israel against the innovation diffusion theory.
Analysis of the growth tempo of the number of cities in Israel allows to claim that urban Jewish settlement network develops in accordance with the innovation diffusion model.
Assuming that the theory fits the urban settlement development pattern on the surveyed territories, the directions taken by the impulses sent by innovation sources have been determined based on the corridor settlement development theory.
The hypothesis has been verified against the factors influencing spatial development directions of the Jewish urban settlement using a dynamic (synchronic-comparative) diffusion process simulation model, built with the Monte Carlo method.
The conducted analyses and procedures verifying the model distribution of Jewish settlement in Israeli cities in 1948, 1967 and 1992 allowed to conclude that the highest stochastic concordance between the model accounting for the innovation diffusion theory elements, and the real distribution of Jewish settlement cities holds for 1948 and 1967. According to the diffusion innovation theory, these years correspond to the colonisation stage. The model diversifies from reality for late 1967, when network densification process was coming to an end and city competition stage was starting.
Despite statistical validity of the hypotheses, the results show that besides the analysed factors influencing the development of Jewish urban settlement, other variables, not accounted for in the model, are also significantly influential.
Development and Function of Maps in the Transmission of Press Information in Poland
Authors: Kowalski Paweł 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In view of changing political and economical situation in Poland during the last 150 years, the role and development of press maps in transmission the information is being addressed. Maps published in the newspapers, to a large extent reflected the main topics addressed by the press as well as features of transmission policy of the time. The number of maps published substantially increased during the times of military conflicts and political changes. The press maps, together with the maps addressing criminal and lately common terrorist’s activities, played the most important role among all published maps. Besides providing the information and allowing understanding the background of the events, in some cases the press maps played educational role and in other cases, through the mass media they became accessible to the general public. The early 1990s brought a gradual increase in number of maps published. The political changes in Poland after 1989 resulting in, among others, the introduction of market economy, suppression of censorship and state mass media monopoly, did have significant impact on the development of Polish press and indirectly also on journalistic cartography. Furthermore the use of computers revolutionized the processes of preparing maps.
Geoinformatics – An Integrated Spatial Research Tool
Authors: Olędzki Jan Romuald 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The structure of geoinformatics can be understood in many ways, what can be seen from the more or the less complex schemas published in various articles. Geoinformatics creates new possibilities for the precise analysis of spatial phenomena, such as for following their dynamics or defining the associations existing between their components. The use of remote sensing data in such research, takes to another level those areas of knowledge, in which there nevertheless still is a scarcity of reliable materials. It also enables the current monitoring of those phenomena which can’t be investigated and estimated in any other way, as well as the modeling of spatial (geographical) phenomena. Since 1996, many studies have been performed at the Laboratory of Remote Sensing of the Environment at the University of Warsaw, in which remote sensing data were integrated with data obtained by other means.
Daily Oscillations of the Air Temperature in Selected Coniferous Communities in the Borecka Forest
Authors: Pietras Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Two coniferous forest communities were selected for analysis: a marshy coniferous forest and a young spruce forest, both located in the Borecka Forest. Thermal conditions develop differently in each community during the spring, due to different tree crown closure, which influences the amount of direct solar radiation reaching the substratum. Soil humidity is another factor influencing the air temperature, since the capacity and thermal inertia of the soil depend on its humidity. The results of the study are compared with thermal conditions outside the forest.
Soil Regions of Poland According To Ag Boden Criteria
Authors: Ostaszewska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is the delimitation of the main structure of the soil cover in Poland. The German methodology, used to define high-level taxonomic units, is applied. The method applied is useful for the presentation of the soil cover structure in small-scale maps (e.g., maps of continents).
The Use of Isolation Indicator for Explaining Tourism Arrivals on Tropical Islands
Authors: Podhorodecka Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of the article is verification of possibility of use of UNEP isolation indicator for measuring isolation of tropical islands for tourism purposes. 30 tropical islands were included in the study. The correlation between intensity of tourism movement and isolation indicator by Spearman rank correlation was –0,46. More isolated islands have smaller intensity of tourism movement and less isolated have higher intensity of tourism movement ratio. But there are also exceptions from this rule – territories which are more isolated and with higher intensity of tourism movement such as Maldives and less isolated with the smaller intensity of tourism movement such as Sao Tome and Principe. UNEP isolation indicator is not ideal measure for tourism purposes.
Selected Methods of Estimating Water Retention Capacity – A Comparative Study With the Pińczów Region As An Example
Authors: Kaim Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Protection of areas with high retention capacities is crucial in sustaining the natural balance. This paper compares three methods used to identify such areas. The Pińczów region has been chosen as a tested area. The results obtained for selected groups of geocomplexes have been analysed.
Changes in Storm Frequency in the Mediterranean Sea Region
Authors: Grabowska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Storms in the European part of the Mediterranean Sea Basin are characterized in the paper. Data on storm days comes from the years 1986-2008, from fourteen stations located on the coast and on islands of the Mediterranean Sea (Gibraltar, Valencia, Palma de Majorca, Marseille, Ajaccio – Corsica, Cagliari – Sardinia, Palermo – Sicily, Naples, Luqa – Malta, Thessaloniki, Athens, Souda – Crete, Rhodes Airport – Rhodes and Larnaca – Cyprus). The greatest number of storm days was noted in Corsica (870 - on the average 37,8 per year) and the least in Gibraltar (371 – 16,1). In most of the examined stations storms took place most frequently in the fall (from 19 to 46%). The smallest number of storm days was observed in winter (western and central part of the region) and in summer (eastern part). From a year-to-year analysis of storm days, it was found that their trend, at almost at all the stations, is negative. The strongest negative trend was observed in Valencia, Naples and Cagliari (-8,5 days/10 years). A growing trend, reaching 3 storm days/10 years, was only found in Cyprus.
The Role of Terrain Relief, Buildings, and Green Spaces in the Diversification of Lviv’s Local Climate
Authors: Mucha Bohdan , Wawer Jolanta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper outlines the results of a study of Lviv’s specific thermal characteristics. The study relied on a series of measurements taken over a 15-month period (from February 2007, through April 2008) at 6 automatic meteorological stations, representing a variety of physiogeographic conditions and land use. The study reveals substantial variations of temperature levels (annual [1-3°C], seasonal [2-4°C], and daily [2-12°C] averages), indicating the presence of an urban heat island. The result of the study is a map of the distribution of average annual air temperatures on the territory of Lviv.
Impact of Build-Up Areas and Housing Estate Vegetation on Diversity of the Local Climate in Warsaw
Authors: Stopa-Boryczka Maria , Boryczka Jerzy , Wawer Jolanta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The more important research results on the impact of building development and vegetation on the local climate, conducted in Warsaw in the years 1959–2009 by the Department of Climatology, are presented. Majority of the issues associated with determining the deformation of air temperature limits (urban heat islands), humidity and wind vector areas, because of buildings in housing estates, located in various parts of the city, were resolved in master’s thesis. Areas with high building density are characterized by slow cooling and warming pace, especially during the summer months. Spatial changes in the urban heat islands in the east-west direction well describe the latitudinal profiles (W-E) of air temperature differences (∆T ≥ 0) between the city and its urban fringe. The urban heat island ∆T does not appears till 5PM, initially in the Central City District. Spatial diversity of effective temperature and catathermal cooling allowed to mark off in housing estates („Stawki”, „Służew nad Dolinką”, „Sady Żoliborskie”) places with perceptible conditions, e.g. heat, warmth, comfort, cold.
Changes in Morphology of Selected Segments of the Vistula River Bed
Authors: Bogucka-Szymalska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a reconstruction and an analysis of the Vistula river bed changes in the 19th and 20th centuries, performed on the basis of topographic maps. The analysis took into account both natural (floods, changes in rock-debris supply) and anthropogenic (e.g., river regulation, construction of water reservoirs) causes, which resulted in significant changes of the morphology of the Vistula river bed. To estimate the river bed changes the author used such parameters as: the length of the banks and changes of their location, the width of the river bed, and the surface of the river bed forms and their share in the river bed surface area.
Social Capital in Rural Areas in Poland the Case of the Świętokrzyskie Province
Authors: Kamińska Wioletta 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The study tackles the issue of the spatial distribution of social capital in Polish rural areas, using the example of the Świętokrzyskie province. R. Putnam’s theory was adopted as to social capital referring to social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. A synthetic indicator of the quality of social capital was developed, which included 4 components: civic and religious engagement, reciprocity, honesty, trust and local press readership. The research was conducted mainly on the basis of unpublished data. Gminas (municipalities) with a high, an average and a low level of social capital were identified. The highest level of social capital was recorded in highly urbanised gminas with a favourable demographic structure. An average level of social capital was characteristic of typical agricultural gminas. A low level of social capital was recorded in areas with well developed industrial functions. The farmers employed at industrial plants in addition to working on their own farms, which was a prevailing practice in the time of the centrally planned economy, had a largely adverse impact on the weakening of bridging capital, and in recent years the population has not been capable to develop bonding capital as yet.
Changes in the Administrative Hierarchy of Cities and Entrepreneurship in Suburban Areas (The Cases of Kielce and Radom)
Authors: Mularczyk Mirosław 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The systemic transformation of Poland after 1989 led to an acceleration of restructuring processes both in the national economy and in individual regions. The dynamics of changes was exceptionally high in rural areas. The most rapid changes occurred in areas which are situated within the range of the direct influence of bigger cities. This paper strives to compare the changes in entrepreneurship which took place in the suburban areas of Kielce and Radom during the transformation period, before and after the introduction of the administrative reform in Poland.
We sought answers to the following questions:
– What differences occur in the dynamics of changes of the entrepreneurship indicator in sub-urban areas in case of two cities of a similar size, of which only Kielce has remained the regional (voivodship) capital?
– What differences occur in the dynamics of changes of the entrepreneurship indicator in relation to the distance from the central city?
In order to answer the above questions, the entrepreneurship indicators for agriculture, industry and service sectors were calculated for the analysed areas between 1995 and 2005.
EFECTO DE LAS CONDICIONES DEL HIDROSECADO SOBRE EL ENCOGIMIENTO DE TROZOS DE ZAPALLO (CUCURBITA MAXIMA)
Authors: Ortiz Monica Jimena , Ochoa Martínez Claudia Isabel 
Published: November 2018

El método para secar apropiadamente frutas y vegetales debe incrementar la calidad del producto terminado además de ser económicamente viable, por tal motivo, se han aplicado y desarrollado varias tecnologías que incluyen pre-tratamientos y mejoras a la técnica de secado misma. Mediante la metodología para muestras gruesas llamada “hidrosecado conductivo” basada en la técnica de Ventana de Refractancia (RWTM), se deshidrataron trozos rectangulares de zapallo (1.2 x 1.1 x 5.9 cm3) usando un baño termostático con agua a una temperatura de 90±2°C, durante 3 h. Cuatro experimentos combinados para analizar el efecto de la convección y la conducción sobre el encogimiento de las muestras. El factor tipo de convección se evaluó con convección natural (NC) y convección forzada (FC) con una corriente de aire sobre las muestras a 0.5 m/s. Los efectos conductivos se evaluaron según el tipo de lámina para el secado: MylarTM (MY) y Mylar con papel aluminio (MY/AL). El factor de cambio de volumen (V/V0) a partir de las dimensiones primarias (ancho, alto, y largo) de las muestras fue evaluado para todos los tratamientos durante el secado. El menor y el mayor encogimiento de acuerdo al factor de cambio de volumen se observó en tratamientos de convección natural (NC-MY/AL y NC-MY, respectivamente). Se encontró una relación exponencial entre el cambio de volumen y la tasa de secado. El ANOVA indicó que el tipo de convección y la interacción convección-lámina fueron estadísticamente significantes en los diferentes análisis.
ANÁLISIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE LA MALARIA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE CHOCÓ PARA EL AÑO 2016.
Authors: Hurtado Jose Leonardo , Aguilar Jose Manuel , Avila Miguel 
Published: November 2018

La presente investigación tiene como propósito la estimación de un modelo de regresión espacial lineal generalizada de distribución estadística Poisson que permita explicar el comportamiento espacio-geográfico de una enfermedad transmitida por vectores como la malaria para el caso puntual del departamento de Chocó en el año 2016.
Se emplean técnicas de estadística espacial basada en el análisis de áreas o datos tipo Lattice tales como criterios de figuras, criterios de distancias y los más usados los criterios de contigüidad física, con el fin de determinar la existencia de autocorrelación espacial de dicho fenómeno en los municipios del departamento de la costa pacífica. Para realizar este análisis estadístico-espacial se hace uso de una serie de factores sanitarios que soportan la base de datos implícita en la estructura espacial que influyen en la propagación de dicha enfermedad y tienen como propósito estadístico ser las variables que explican dicha enfermedad y su relación con la propagación entre municipios.
Sin embargo, es necesario realizar un proceso de anamorfosis gaussiana para garantizar la normalización de los datos en tasas de morbilidad estandarizada (SMR) y de esta forma identificar la estructura estadística de los datos que para este año fueron provenientes de una distribución Poisson. El estudio permite encontrar la presencia positiva de una autocorrelación espacial lo que verifica la hipótesis que la Malaria para el departamento del Choco es afectada entre algunos municipios debido a ciertas variables físicas, climática y de higiene que permite la propagación de la enfermedad a causa de la incubación del mosquito transmisor.
De esta manera el estudio muestra el mapa de probabilidad de la Malaria para el año 2016 y las variables empleadas para el modelo de regresión empleado para la estimación de dicho mapa.
Depredación potencial de hemípteros comerciales sobre huevos de Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Pérez-Guerrero Sergio , Molina-Rodríguez José María 
Published: November 2018

Drosophila suzukii es una especie exótica y plaga invasora (originaria del sudeste asiático) que afecta a varios cultivos importantes en Europa y América, entre ellos se destacan los frutos rojos. Este trabajo analiza el potencial depredador de hemípteros comerciales sobre huevos de D. suzukii en condiciones de laboratorio utilizando frutos de arándano. Se llevaron a cabo tres tipos de tratamientos: frutos con puesta + depredador, fruto sin puesta + depredador (control) y fruto sin puesta sin depredador (control). Al cabo de 72 h, se retiraron los depredadores anotando el número de hemípteros vivos y muertos. El número de adultos emergidos por fruto se comparó con el del tratamiento control. Se compararon los promedios del número de depredadores vivos y muertos en contacto con frutos con puesta con el de los depredadores vivos y muertos en contacto con fruto sin puesta. Entre los depredadores seleccionados para el estudio, sólo Anthocoris nemoralis produjo una reducción significativa del número de adultos emergidos por fruto (alrededor del 50 %). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número medio de adultos emergidos de D. suzukii en los tratamientos de Orius laevigatus, Macrolophus pygmaeus y Nesidiocoris tenuis, si bien este último mostró una mayor tasa de supervivencia en presencia de fruto infestado. Estudios pormenorizados, a mayor escala, son necesarios para confirmar el potencial de depredador de A. nemoralis sobre huevos de D. suzukii.