bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Matter in the Thermal Waters of the Paratunka Geothermal Field, Kamchatka
Authors: Poturay V. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first data on the composition of organic compounds in thermal waters have been obtained from deep boreholes in the Paratunka geothermal field in Kamchatka. A variety of organic compounds belonging to eleven homological series were identified by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and solid phase extraction. The thermal waters were found out to be strongly dominated by aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (HC), which were formed in relation to both thermogenic processes (transformation of organic residues under the effect of high temperatures and pressures) and bacterial activity. The Karymshina thermal waters are characterized by a specific molecular mass distribution of HC and contain only even-normal alkanes. It is shown that the composition of organic compounds of medium volatility in the Paratunka geothermal field is similar to the composition of organic matter (OM) in other thermal water occurrences of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Mutnovka and Uzon geothermal fields), which have been previously studied using the same methodology: all the waters are characterized by the prevalence of aliphatic and aromatic HC over other identified compounds.
Unbalanced Coordination: Soviet–Czechoslovak Relations during the Second World War
Authors: Smetana Vít 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In December 1943, Czechoslovakia became the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to conclude a treaty of alliance and postwar cooperation with the Soviet Union. The signature of this treaty was a voluntary decision taken by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in London despite considerable British reservations. The main aim was to secure Czechoslovakia from a repeat of what happened in 1938 with the Nazi German threat and the willingness of the Western powers to accommodate Germany at the Munich showdown. Czechoslovak leaders also wanted to establish a treaty that would oblige the Soviet Union to refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of Czechoslovakia. Based on research in the archives of five countries, this article shows how mechanisms of repeated Czechoslovak submission to Soviet “wishes” were already taking shape during the war. Czechoslovakia played a significant role in Soviet geopolitical plans and helped Soviet partners achieve their goals vis-à-vis other allies. Unlike most of the literature on Soviet–Czechoslovak wartime relations, the analysis here presents the exiled Czechoslovak government as an active partner and sincere supporter of Soviet foreign policy aims rather than a victim of a great-power deal at its expense.
West Germany, Guatemala, and the Transnational Dynamics of Cold War Police Assistance
Authors: Bennewitz Fabian , Müller Markus-Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article assesses the police-building program designed by the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) for Guatemala in 1986–1991. By drawing on interviews and declassified archival evidence collected in Germany, Guatemala, and the United States and applying analytical insights from recent literature in International Relations regarding “transnational fields,” the article shows that the FRG's police-building program was shaped by the contingent convergence of international and domestic political conditions in the FRG and Guatemala, mediated by the agency of various Guatemalan actors. The resulting interactions determined the project's trajectory, leading to many adaptations and revisions of the program to suit the agency of Guatemalan actors. Over time, the cumulative weight of these modifications kept the program from succeeding.
TAT as a new marker and its use for noninvasive chemical biopsy in NASH diagnosis
Authors: Jo Sihyang , Kim Jin-Mo , Li Minshu , Kim Han Sun , An Yong Jin , Park Sunghyouk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Early diagnosis of Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is crucial to prevent its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma, but its gold standard diagnosis still requires invasive biopsy. Here, a new marker-based noninvasive chemical biopsy approach is introduced that uses urine-secreted tyrosine metabolites.

Methods
We first identified NASH-specific decrease in TAT expression, the first enzyme in the tyrosine degradation pathway (TDP), by employing exometabolome-transcriptome correlations, single-cell RNA -seq, and tissue staining on human NASH patient samples. A selective extrahepatic monitoring of the TAT activity was established by the chemical biopsy exploiting the enzyme’s metabolic conversion of D2-tyrosine into D2-4HPP. The approach was applied to a NASH mouse model using the methionine-choline deficient diet, where urine D2-4HPP level was measured with a specific LC-MS detection, following oral administration of D2-tyrosine.

Results
The noninvasive urine chemical biopsy approach could effectively differentiate NASH from normal mice (normal = 14, NASH = 15, p = 0.0054), correlated with the NASH pathology and TAT level decrease observed with immunostaining on the liver tissue. In addition, we showed that the diagnostic differentiation could be enhanced by measuring the downstream metabolites of TDP. The specificity of the TAT and the related TDP enzymes in NASH were also addressed in other settings employing high fat high fructose mouse NASH model and human obesity vs. NASH cohort.

Conclusions
Overall, we propose TAT and TDP as pathology-relevant markers for NASH and present the urine chemical biopsy as a noninvasive modality to evaluate the NASH-specific changes in urine that may help the NASH diagnosis.
Impact of dementia on post-hip fracture walking ability: a stratified analysis based on pre-fracture mobility in Swedish cohorts of older adults
Authors: Linder Philip D. G. Burenstam , Religa Dorota D. , Gustavsson Fredrik , Eriksdotter Maria , Hedström Margareta , Hägg Sara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Hip fractures are a major health concern for older adults, often leading to reduced walking ability. Individuals with dementia may experience worse recovery outcomes. This study aims to explore whether dementia is associated with greater declines in walking ability following hip fractures.

Methods
This register study used data from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register, including data on four-months follow-up on walking ability. The register data was linked to information on dementia diagnosis from other national registers prior to the fracture. All patients > 60 years who suffered a hip fracture in Sweden between 2010 and 2018 were included. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the loss of walking ability after the hip fracture with adjustment for confounding factors. Stratified analyses were done in four groups based on pre-fracture walking ability: Alone outdoors, Assisted outdoors, Alone indoors, and Assisted indoors.

Results
The analysis included 59,402 patients with a hip fracture, of which 17% had dementia prior to the fracture. Having dementia was associated with a complete loss of walking ability four months after hip fracture; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for complete loss of walking ability in the dementia group, using the non-dementia group as a reference, was 1.60 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.49–1.72. In analyses stratified by pre-fracture walking ability, the odds ratios were 2.34 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.03–2.69) for Alone outdoors, 1.53 (95% CI 1.29–1.81) for Assisted outdoors, 1.41 (95% CI 1.27–1.56) for Alone indoors, and 1.29 (95% CI 1.09–1.51) for Assisted indoors.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that patients with dementia have a greater risk of complete loss of walking ability. The most notable difference was observed in patients who had high walking ability prior to the fracture. These findings suggest the need for tailored rehabilitation programs and enhanced post-operative care protocols for patients with dementia undergoing hip fracture surgery, particularly for those who had high walking ability before the fracture.
Psychometric properties of the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire in three German samples
Authors: Göbel Ariane , Lüersen Lisa , Asselmann Eva , Arck Petra , Diemert Anke , Garthus-Niegel Susan , Mudra Susanne , Martini Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Forming an emotional bond towards the infant is an important developmental aspect of the mother-child relationship. Two questionnaires frequently used for the assessment of mother-infant bonding, namely the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), have shown inconclusive psychometric properties. To ensure comparability of results across studies, it is crucial to examine the replicability of psychometric properties and previously proposed factor structures of measurements when adapted to other languages.

Aim
The study aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the German versions of both MPAS and PBQ, across three different German-speaking study samples.

Methods
Maternal data from three longitudinal studies from Hamburg, Germany (PAULINE-PRINCE study, N = 229), and Dresden, Germany (MARI study, N = 286; DREAM study, N = 1,968), were used to investigate the psychometric properties (descriptive statistics, item difficulty, inter-item correlations) and the factorial structure (confirmatory factor analysis, CFA; principal axis factoring, PAF) of both MPAS and PBQ. Correlations with maternal-fetal bonding, adult romantic attachment style, attachment style to one’s own mother, postpartum depressive symptoms, and education level were investigated.

Results
Across the three samples, both MPAS and PBQ showed convincing results regarding the psychometric properties for their total scores, with satisfying to excellent internal consistencies. A strong correlation between the MPAS and PBQ total scores was observed (r=-.71, p < .001). In PAF, for both questionnaires, factor structures on subscale level differed across samples and assessment points. For MPAS and PBQ total scores, significant small to medium-sized associations in the expected directions with maternal-fetal bonding and depressive symptoms, as well as for MPAS with adult romantic attachment style, and for PBQ with attachment towards one’s own mother were found. In two samples, higher educated participants reported less optimal MIB.

Conclusion
The results across the three included samples provide evidence for the validity of the construct assessed with the German adaptations of both MPAS and PBQ. However, the factor analytical results on subscale level highlight the need to further investigate the concept of mother-infant bonding in the first year after birth as well as to develop instruments applicable for use in clinical and community samples with satisfying psychometric properties.
Does the association between physical activity during work and leisure and blood pressure differ across sex? A cross-sectional compositional data analysis in a Danish population-based cohort
Authors: Johansson Melker S. , Mortensen Ole Steen , Hougaard Charlotte Ørsted , Olsen Michael Hecht , Korshøj Mette 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
A proposed risk factor for cardiovascular disease is high occupational physical activity (OPA), which seems to increase blood pressure (BP), in contrast to leisure time physical activity. Increased BP may lead to hypertension that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Exposures to OPA differ across sex and also within occupational group. Thus, we aimed to investigate associations between OPA and LTPA and BP among men and women using compositional data analysis.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study, used data from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank. OPA and LTPA were self-reported time spent in light physical activity (LPA) during work = standing or walking work; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during work = heavy manual work; LPA during leisure = light physical activity during leisure; MVPA during leisure = biking or walking as commute to work + daily amount of MVPA during leisure, and sleep. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP; mmHg) was measured during sitting rest. We used linear regression models to investigate the association between OPA and LTPA, expressed as isometric log-ratios, and BP. The models were used to predict the BP for reallocated physical activity (PA) compositions (i.e., theoretically ‘moving’ time from sitting to PA within each domain). Specifically, we predicted the BP for each reallocated PA compositions and calculated the difference in BP between the reallocated compositions and the mean composition.

Results
In total, 1,334 women and 2,983 men (mean age 55.1 and 52.5 years, respectively) were included in the analyses. About 50% of the women, and 66% of the men, had hypertension. The linear regressions based on the compositional data analysis, showed no association between OPA and LTPA and SBP among women or men. Among men, less time spent sitting and more time spent in LTPA, compared to the mean composition, was associated with a lower DBP (e.g., 60 min less sitting and 60 min more LTPA: -0.25, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.45 mmHg).

Conclusion
No association between OPA and LTPA and BP was observed across sexes, except between LTPA and DBP among men. This could be due to information bias and lack of precision in self-reported time use data of PA.

Trial registration
None.
Health literacy interventions for pregnant women with limited language proficiency in the country they live in: a systematic review
Authors: Khan Marya , Dave Arti , Benton Madeleine , Moss Ngawai , Kaler Mandeep Kaur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Low health literacy can present significant risks throughout pregnancy, impacting both maternal and fetal health outcomes. Those who do not speak the main language of their country of residence are more likely to have lower health literacy. Considering the heightened challenges faced by this demographic in accessing, understanding, and engaging with health information and services, designing and implementing tailored interventions is crucial to mitigate health disparities. This review aims to identify and examine health literacy interventions developed for pregnant women whose first language differs from the language predominantly spoken in their residing country.

Methods
Electronic databases of Embase and Medline were searched using relevant search terms from their inception to July 2023. Data were extracted and analysed using narrative synthesis.

Results
Of the 1964 identified records, three were included. The studies were conducted in Australia and Denmark, and ranged in design, including: a cluster randomised controlled trial, mixed methods design; and qualitative design. Health literacy intervention modalities included midwifery education combined with a smartphone application and leaflet, culturally adapted group classes, and informative videos. The interventions were translated into various languages to cater to the target populations. Two studies used the Health Literacy Questionnaire to assess the intervention effectiveness, yielding contrasting results: one showed no improvement, while the other reported increased post-intervention health literacy scores. The third had not yet evaluated intervention effectiveness.

Conclusions
This review identifies a significant scarcity in health literacy interventions for pregnant women whose first language differs to the predominant language of the country they live in, despite their greater need for support. While few studies were found, their diversity suggests multiple strategies for enhancing health literacy. Bridging this health literacy gap for linguistically diverse pregnant populations could reduce disparities in maternal and fetal outcomes, underscoring the need for targeted, evaluated interventions that actively engage affected women and their support networks.

Trial registration
Registered with PROSPERO: CRD42023475511. Date of registration: 10.11.23.
Do Danish medical students feel prepared to deliver healthcare to patients with backgrounds different from their own? A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sorensen J. , Hindhede A.L. , Ohlendorff J.S. , de Montgomery C.J. , Maheswaran S. , Norredam M. , Krasnik A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Migrant and ethnic minority populations in Europe are growing, leading to a demand for health systems and health educations to accommodate the growing diversity. Research indicates that health professionals feel inadequately prepared to care for diverse populations, and medical education has gaps in addressing these issues. The aim of the study is to explore whether Danish medical students and newly graduated physicians feel prepared to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse populations.

Methods
An online survey was emailed to students in the four medical Master’s programs in Denmark and to newly graduated physicians in clinical internships. Data was collected spring 2023. Descriptive statistics reported overall numbers, and multivariate logistic regression was used to model the association between survey answers and the background variables: semester, gender/sex, parent’s education, self-identified ethnicity.

Results
Many medical students and newly graduated physicians feel unprepared to care for patients of backgrounds different from their own. For all items women reported feeling more unprepared than men. Among the medical students and newly graduated physicians with enough clinical experience to answer the question, 34.2% reported feeling helpless at times or often in the past year when treating culturally different patients. Men were less likely than women to report feeling helpless (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.64); and self-identified ethnic minorities were 2.59 times more likely than Danish/European medical students and newly graduated physicians to report feeling helpless (95% CI 1.32–5.07).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate shortcomings in medical students and newly graduated physicians feeling of preparedness to provide care to patients of backgrounds different from their own. These findings can assist medical education management with identifying curriculum gaps.
Navigating end-of-life care dilemmas: a qualitative inquiry of nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge of euthanasia and circumstantial factors influencing euthanasia in a resource-constraint setting
Authors: Mumuni Hadiru Iddris , Iddrisu Merri , Laari Luke , Dzansi Gladys , Aziato Lydia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Deaths can be caused by terminal illnesses, accidents, or natural disasters. However, medically, death can be hastened by healthcare providers, patients themselves, or their relatives. In advanced cancers where the patient’s quality of life is compromised, Euthanasia can be used to hasten death. Inadequate medical resources and low socioeconomic status have been cited as factors influencing Euthanasia. This study sought to explore nurses’ and midwives’ knowledge and perspectives on Euthanasia in resource-constrained health facilities.

Methods
A qualitative exploratory, descriptive design was used to recruit 24 nurses and midwives from three major referral hospitals, two regional hospitals, and one district hospital. Data was collected through individual in-depth face-to-face and telephone interviews. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic data analysis approach was used.

Findings
: Three main themes and eight subthemes were generated from the data: the main themes include Knowledge of Euthanasia, health system resource constraint-driven euthanasia and family resource constraint-motivated euthanasia. The findings indicate that nurses and midwives lack understanding of some terminologies related to the act. Strict policy decisions, inadequate resources, and misunderstanding of palliative care resulted in the practice of Euthanasia. Additionally, unbearable pains and financial constraints of families of critically ill patients made them request Euthanasia in the health facilities.

Conclusion
The study highlights the challenges of end-of-life care in resource-constrained settings, emphasizing the need for provider training, increased healthcare capacity, and clearer national guidelines for ethical decision-making.
Factors influencing provider deviation from national HIV and nutritional guidelines for HIV-exposed children in western Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: Coe Megan M. , Yoshioka Emily , Odhiambo Damaris , Masheti Mary , Amam Phlona , Nyaoke Julius , Oduor Emmanuel , Serede Marline , Ndirangu Agnes , Singa Benson , Means Arianna Rubin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Malnutrition and HIV interact in a vicious cycle for HIV-exposed infants (HEIs), increasing vulnerability and the severity of each condition and contributing to poor health outcomes. We identified multi-level factors influencing provider adherence to Kenyan HIV and nutrition guidelines for HEIs.

Methods
We conducted six focus group discussions and seven in-depth interviews using a semi-structured question guide. Participants were selected through purposive maximum variation sampling of health workers involved in maternal and child health services and outpatient nutrition programs at two facilities in western Kenya. Data collection and analysis were guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Transcripts were coded by two primary coders using both deductive and inductive thematic analysis.

Results
TDF domains that drove guideline adherence included: environmental context and resources, beliefs about capabilities, and social influences. While participants praised attempts to integrate HIV and nutritional services through teamwork and service colocation, challenges in the successful referral of patients between services persisted. Participants described siloed HIV and nutrition-related knowledge across staff, leading to missed or delayed care if certain providers were unavailable. Participants emphasized understaffing as a major contributor to gaps in care. Inconsistent material resource availability also disrupted linkages between HIV and nutrition services for patients. While participants frequently expressed high intention and internal motivation to link children between services, they described minimal structured supervision or positive reinforcement from supervisors and feeling demoralized when resource constraints interfered with care provision. Lastly, participants described patient-level factors that made it challenging for families to seek or remain in care, including poverty and HIV and malnutrition-related stigma. Participants made several recommendations, including training multiple cadres in the fundamentals of both HIV and nutritional care to address siloed services and understaffing.

Conclusions
This study details the factors that facilitate or hinder health workers as they implement national guidelines and link HEIs between HIV and nutritional services, including the impact of physical integration of service sites, human and material resource constraints, and health worker motivation. Future interventions can address these challenges by expanding access to needed resources, task sharing, and testing implementation strategies that increase the efficiency of service delivery to improve linkages in care for vulnerable infants.