bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agri‐environmental schemes affect the trophic niche size and diet of common carabid species in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Mader Viktoria , Diehl Eva , Wolters Volkmar , Birkhofer Klaus 
Published: September 2018

1. Carabids are abundant in agroecosystems and provide biocontrol services by feeding on weed seeds and pests. We compare the effects of two fundamentally different agri‐environmental schemes (AES) on the numeric and trophic responses of four common carabid species:Anchomenus dorsalis,Poecilus cupreus,Pseudoophonus rufipesandPterostichus melanarius.2. In six cereal fields under organic farming and six sown flowering fields, 10 290 individuals of the four species were sampled to quantify their numeric response. The activity density of all species was higher in organically managed cereal fields compared to flowering fields.3. We analysed naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in 138 carabid individuals to quantify isotopic niches and the diet contribution of soil‐ versus plant‐based resources. Resources from the soil (‘brown’) energy channel were more important than resources from the plant (‘green’) energy channel in the diet of all species, particularly inP. melanarius.4. Isotopic niches were larger forP. rufipesandP. melanariusin flowering fields than in organically managed cereal fields. Moreover, differences between AES types were observed in the diet contribution derived from both energy channels:A. dorsalisandP. cupreusincorporated higher proportions of plant‐based resources in organically managed cereal fields compared to flowering fields.5. Similar numeric, but different trophic responses suggest that AES type may alter arthropod food webs beyond simple changes in carabid densities. Such ‘hidden’ modifications in the resource utilisation of generalist predators deserve more attention to adequately evaluate the ecological consequences of AES.
The neuronal migration hypothesis of dyslexia: A critical evaluation 30 years on
Authors: Guidi Luiz G. , Velayos‐Baeza Antonio , Martinez‐Garay Isabel , Monaco Anthony P. , Paracchini Silvia , Bishop Dorothy V. M. , Molnár Zoltán 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe capacity for language is one of the key features underlying the complexity of human cognition and its evolution. However, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate normal or impaired linguistic ability. For developmental dyslexia, early postmortem studies conducted in the 1980s linked the disorder to subtle defects in the migration of neurons in the developing neocortex. These early studies were reinforced by human genetic analyses that identified dyslexia susceptibility genes and subsequent evidence of their involvement in neuronal migration. In this review, we examine recent experimental evidence that does not support the link between dyslexia and neuronal migration. We critically evaluate gene function studies conducted in rodent models and draw attention to the lack of robust evidence from histopathological and imaging studies in humans. Our review suggests that the neuronal migration hypothesis of dyslexia should be reconsidered, and the neurobiological basis of dyslexia should be approached with a fresh start.
Comparison of coded‐wire tagging with parentage‐based tagging and genetic stock identification in a large‐scale coho salmon fisheries application in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Wallace Colin , Jonsen Kim , McIntosh Brenda , Candy John R. , Willis David , Lynch Cheryl , Moore Jean‐Sébastien , Bernatchez Louis , Withler Ruth E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWild Pacific salmon, including Coho salmon Onchorynchus kisutch, have been supplemented with hatchery propagation for over 50 years in support of increased ocean harvest and conservation of threatened populations. In Canada, the Wild Salmon Policy for Pacific salmon was established with the goal of maintaining and restoring healthy and diverse Pacific salmon populations, making conservation of wild salmon and their habitats the highest priority for resource management decision‐making. A new approach to the assessment and management of wild coho salmon, and the associated hatchery production and fishery management is needed. Implementation of parentage‐based tagging (PBT) may overcome problems associated with coded‐wire tag‐based (CWT) assessment and management of coho salmon fisheries, providing at a minimum information equivalent to that derived from the CWT program. PBT and genetic stock identification (GSI) were used to identify coho salmon sampled in fisheries (8,006 individuals) and escapements (1,692 individuals) in British Columbia to specific conservation units (CU), populations, and broodyears. Individuals were genotyped at 304 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via direct sequencing of amplicons. Very high accuracy of assignment to population (100%) via PBT for 543 jack (age 2) assigned to correct age and collection location and 265 coded‐wire tag (CWT, age 3) coho salmon assigned to correct age and release location was observed, with a 40,774—individual, 267—population baseline available for assignment. Coho salmon from un‐CWTed enhanced populations contributed 65% of the catch in southern recreational fisheries in 2017. Application of a PBT‐GSI system of identification to individuals in 2017 fisheries and escapements provided high‐resolution estimates of stock composition, catch, and exploitation rate by CU or population, providing an alternate and more effective method in the assessment and management of Canadian‐origin coho salmon relative to CWTs, and an opportunity for a genetic‐based system to replace the current CWT system for coho salmon assessment.
Agomelatine pretreatment prevents development of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in mice
Authors: Ozcan Mete , Canpolat Sinan , Bulmus Ozgur , Ulker Nazife , Tektemur Ahmet , Tekin Suat , Ozcan Sibel , Serhatlioglu Ihsan , Kacar Emine , Ayar Ahmet , Kelestimur Haluk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to investigate potential effectiveness of agomelatine pretreatment in the prevention of diabetes itself and encephalopathy, with a focus on brain tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice. Interleukine‐1β (IL‐1β) and TACR1 (NK1), which is a tachykinine receptor, were used for the investigation of inflammation in the brain regions including raphe nucleus, periaqueductal gyrus (PAG), amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. The effects of agomelatine on total antioxidant capacity were also evaluated. In the in vitro part of the study, the effects of agomelatine on cell viability were investigated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured 72 h after STZ injection to determine the diabetic condition. Agomelatine pretreatment prevented both hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in STZ‐treated mice. When STZ was injected to induce diabetes in mice, neither hyperglycemia nor hypoinsulinemia was developed in agomelatine pretreated mice and 6 weeks after development of diabetes, agomelatine treatment significantly decreased levels of IL‐1β mRNA in raphe nucleus and nucleus accumbens. TACR1 mRNA levels were lower in raphe nucleus, PAG, and amygdala of agomelatine‐treated diabetic mice. The increase in total antioxidant capacity after agomelatine administration may responsible for its beneficial effect in the prevention of diabetes. We showed that agomelatine reversed high glucose–induced cell viability decreases in DRG neurons. Both the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of agomelatine might have contributed to the DRG neuron viability improvement. In conclusion, agomelatine seems to both prevent development of diabetes and reverse the encephalopathic changes caused by diabetes.
Characterization of sulfuretin as a depigmenting agent
Authors: Zhou Zhike , Hou Jun , Xiong Juanjuan , Li Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSulfuretin is a major flavonoid found in Rhus verniciflua and carries anti‐oxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties, but its potential use in the control of skin pigmentation is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate sulfuretin as a new active compound inhibiting melanogenesis and the underlying mechanism. The effects of sulfuretin on melanin production, tyrosinase activity, cAMP level, and MITF expression were examined in murine melanoma B16 cells challenged with forskolin or α‐MSH. The inhibitory effect of sulfuretin on melanogenesis was further validated on neonatal human melanocytes. When tested in melanoma B16 cells treated with forskolin or α‐MSH, sulfuretin inhibited the cellular melanogenesis. Sulfuretin also showed direct inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity in vitro. In human primary melanocytes, the inhibitory effect of sulfuretin on melanin synthesis was also confirmed. Our current results support the depigmenting effect of sulfuretin and suggest a clinical strategy for using sulfuretin in the topical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
EngineeringC*‐integral and COD estimates for nonidealized circumferential through‐wall cracked pipes at elevated temperature
Authors: Won Min‐Gu , Kim Kyunghoon , Huh Nam‐Su , Kim Woo‐Gon , Lee Hyeong‐Yeon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, creep fracture mechanics parameters,C*‐integral and crack opening displacement (COD) rate, are estimated for a nonidealized circumferential through‐wall crack (TWC) in pipes. The GE/EPRI and enhanced reference stress (ERS) methods are employed. As for creep condition, the Norton and RCC‐MRx creep models are considered for secondary and primary‐secondary creep strain, respectively. The bending moment, axial tension, and internal pressure are applied to a pipe with a nonidealized circumferential TWC, as individual loads. Three‐dimensional elastic‐creep finite element (FE) analyses are performed, and the predictions from the GE/EPRI and ERS methods are compared with FE results. For the Norton creep model, both methods show good agreement with the FE results. For the RCC‐MRx creep model, only the ERS method can be used, and it provides accurate predictions comparing with FE results. Based on the comparison results, the use of the present engineeringC*‐integral and COD estimation methods for nonidealized circumferential TWC is validated.
Performance and urban space: An ambivalent affair
Authors: Sachs Olsen Cecilie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArtistic performance is increasingly seen as a crucial creative means of empowerment in the midst of urban transformation. However, the varied abilities of performance to challenge, or not, existing power structures are often lost in analyses that either celebrate the utopian potential of performance for challenging hegemonic oppression, or critique performance for being inevitably complicit with hegemonic sociopolitical ideologies due to its material conditions. By introducing a neo‐Marxist critical framework that focuses on the interplay between socio‐material conditions and performance, this paper promotes a nuanced analytic strategy for examining the relation between performance and urban space.
Flow cytometric quantitation of EpCAM‐positive extracellular vesicles by immunomagnetic separation and phospholipid staining method
Authors: Takao Masashi , Nagai Yutaka , Ito Masami , Ohba Tetsuhiko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EV) have attracted attention as circulating biomarkers for many diseases, particularly cancer. Conventional immunofluorescence staining has been used for the detection of target antigens on EV by flow cytometry. However, the staining intensity depends on the amount of antigen expressed on the vesicles and is often only around the noise level. Instead of immunofluorescence, we combined immunomagnetic separation using nanosize MACS® MicroBeads with phospholipid staining of EV (IMS‐PS method). EpCAM‐positive EV were prepared from the culture supernatants of OVCAR3 (EpCAM‐high), A431 (EpCAM‐low) or Colon‐26 (non‐human control) cells as cancer models and were examined by the IMS‐PS method using EpCAM mAb‐coated MicroBeads. By employing Polaric‐500c6F as the dye for staining EV phospholipids and using appropriate flow cytometry settings, autofluorescence was excluded, whereas pretreatment of the MicroBeads with conventional blocking agents reduced nonspecific binding to non‐target vesicles. These modifications resulted in a linear relation between the number of EV detected and the sample volume, regardless of the level of EpCAM expression on the vesicles. A431 EV spiked into healthy volunteer plasma were enumerated with good accuracy. The IMS‐PS method may be useful for clinical evaluation of EV with low levels of antigen expression that are difficult to detect by conventional immunofluorescence.
Going deeper: three‐dimensional study of γδ T cells in mouse reproductive tract using tissue clearing methods
Authors: Mikolajewicz Katarzyna , Chodaczek Grzegorz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral tissue clearing methods have been developed for three‐dimensional imaging of thick specimens. Here, we applied CUBIC and ScaleS approaches to whole‐mounted vaginal wall to reveal spatial distribution of γδ T lymphocytes, the key cells engaged in the epithelial homeostasis control and immune surveillance. Both methods rendered the tissue transparent and enabled detection of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐expressing γδ T cells in vaginal samples of Tcrd‐H2BeGFP transgenic mice. Upon additional immunolabeling, however, only CUBIC preserved the GFP signal and allowed for cell localization assessment during the estrous cycle. Using a combination of single‐ and two‐photon microscopy, we found that during the diestrus phase the number of γδ T cells in the vaginal wall increased compared to estrus, while the proportion of cells residing in epithelium and stroma remained constant, irrespective of the cycle phase, and was close to 3:1, respectively. Moreover, the distance from epithelial γδ T cells to laminin‐positive basal membrane and collagen‐rich stroma also increased in diestrus in spite of thinning of epithelium upon shedding cornified cells. Our data indicate that γδ T cells sense sex hormone fluxes which influence their number and position them closer to the vaginal lumen in the diestrus phase.
Replacement of neuraminidase inhibitor‐susceptible influenza A(H1N1) with resistant phenotype in 2008 and circulation of susceptible influenza A and B viruses during 2009‐2013, South Africa
Authors: Treurnicht Florette K. , Buys Amelia , Tempia Stefano , Seleka Mpho , Cohen Adam L. , Walaza Sibongile , Glass Allison J. , Rossouw Inéz , McAnerney Johanna , Blumberg Lucille , Cohen Cheryl , Venter Marietjie 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundData on the susceptibility of influenza viruses from South Africa to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are scarce, and no extensive analysis was done.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine oseltamivir and zanamivir susceptibility of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases (NAs), 2007‐2013, South Africa.Patients/MethodsWe enrolled participants through national influenza‐like illness surveillance, 2007‐2013. Influenza diagnosis was by virus isolation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Drug susceptibility was determined by chemiluminescence‐based NA‐STAR/NA‐XTD assay. Sanger sequencing was used to determine molecular markers of NAI resistance.ResultsForty percent (6341/15 985) of participants were positive for influenza viruses using virus isolation (2007‐2009) and qPCR (2009‐2013) methods. A total of 1236/6341 (19.5%) virus isolates were generated of which 307/1236 (25%) were tested for drug susceptibility. During 2007‐2008, the median 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of oseltamivir for seasonal influenza A(H1N1) increased from of 0.08 nmol/L (range 0.01‐3.60) in 2007 to 73 nmol/L (range 1.56‐305 nmol/L) in 2008. Influenza A isolates from 2009 to 2013 were susceptible to oseltamivir [A(H3N2) median IC50 = 0.05 nmol/L (range 0.01‐0.08); A(H1N1)pdm09 = 0.11 nmol/L (range 0.01‐0.78)] and zanamivir [A(H3N2) median IC50 = 0.56 nmol/L (range 0.47‐0.66); A(H1N1)pdm09 = 0.35 nmol/L (range 0.27‐0.533)]. Influenza B viruses were susceptible to both NAIs. NAI resistance‐associated substitutions H275Y, E119V, and R150K (N1 numbering) were not detected in influenza A viruses that circulated in 2009‐2013.ConclusionsWe confirm replacement of NAI susceptible by resistant phenotype influenza A(H1N1) in 2008. Influenza A and B viruses (2009‐2013) remained susceptible to NAIs; therefore, these drugs are useful for treating influenza‐infected patients.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of (Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)O high‐entropy ceramics
Authors: Hong Weichen , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang , Han Young‐Hwan , Fahrenholtz William G. , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe reaction sequence and mechanical properties were studied for (Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)O high‐entropy ceramics that were synthesized using field‐assisted sintering technology. The evolution from binary oxide starting powders to a single‐phase rock salt structure exhibited a distinct incorporation sequence. For the rock salt oxides, MgO and CoO had the lowest vacancy formation energies and were the first to be incorporated into the high‐entropy ceramic followed by NiO, which had a higher vacancy formation energy. Both CuO and ZnO had different crystal structures, and were incorporated into the single phase structure after the rock salt oxides due to the additional energy barrier associated with the transformations from their original structures to the rock salt structure. Distinctive morphological features including Cu‐rich regions and lattice distortion were observed in the high entropy ceramic. In addition, a trade‐off between densification and grain growth resulted in a maximum in strength (323 MPa) and elastic modulus (108 GPa) after densification at 900°C. This study has revealed new information that can be used to design other high‐entropy ceramics including selection criteria for constituent compounds based on crystal structure and defect formation energy as well as the effects of grain size and porosity on control strength and elastic modulus.
Modulation of apoptosis‐related microRNAs following myocardial infarction in fat‐1 transgenic mice vs wild‐type mice
Authors: Ma Huan , Chen Peipei , Sang Chuanlan , Huang Daozheng , Geng Qingshan , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNAs (miRNAs) post‐transcriptionally regulate cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω‐3 PUFAs) may support cardiac healing after MI, but the mechanism is unclear.MethodsThe fat‐1 transgenic mouse expresses a ω‐3 fatty acid desaturase which converts ω‐6 PUFAs to ω‐3 PUFAs in vivo. MI was induced in fat‐1 transgenic (n = 30) and wild‐type (WT) mice (n = 30) using permanent ligation. Other transgenic and WT mice underwent sham procedure (n = 30 and n = 30, respectively). One week after occlusion, cardiac function was measured by echocardiography and the infarct size was assessed using histology and miRNA microarray profiling. Expression of selected miRNA was confirmed using quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsOne week following MI, the fat‐1 transgenic myocardium had better cardiac function, a smaller fibrotic area, and fewer apoptotic cardiomyocytes than WT myocardium. Post‐MI profiling showed 33 miRNAs that were significantly up‐regulated, and 35 were down‐regulated, in fat‐1 group compared to the WT group (n = 3 and n = 2 mice, respectively). Among selected apoptosis‐associated miRNAs, 9 miRNAs were up‐regulated (miR‐101a‐3p, miR‐128‐3p,miR‐133a‐5p,miR‐149‐5p,miR‐192‐5p,miR‐1a‐3p,miR‐208a‐3p,miR‐29c‐5p,miR‐30c‐2‐3p), and 3 were down‐regulated (miR‐210‐3p,miR‐21a‐3p,miR‐214‐3p) in fat‐1 transgenic mice compared with WT mice. Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated likely roles for these miRNAs in MI. Furthermore, Bcl‐2 expression was increased, and caspase‐3 decreased, in infarcted fat‐1 transgenic mouse hearts compared to WT hearts.Conclusionsω‐3 PUFAs may have a protective effect on cardiomyocytes following MI through their modulation of apoptosis‐related miRNAs and target genes.
PCAF fine‐tunes hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer
Authors: Wang Tongxin , Yao Weilei , Shao Yafei , Zheng Ruilong , Huang Feiruo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe P300/CBP‐associating factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in metabolic and pathogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. The effects of PCAF on fine‐tuning liver diseases are extremely complex and vary according to different pathological conditions. This enzyme has dichotomous functions, depending on differently modified sites, which regulate the activities of various enzymes, metabolic functions, and gene expression. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of PCAF in various metabolic and immunological processes in the liver and review these new discoveries and models of PCAF biology in three areas: hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.
Determination of mold contamination and aflatoxin levels of the meat products/ingredients collected from Turkey market
Authors: Cavus Soner , Tornuk Fatih , Sarioglu Kemal , Yetim Hasan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to highlight general safety conditions of meat products (n = 24, fresh meat, Turkish sucuk, sausage, and pastirma) and ingredients (n = 20, red paprika, black pepper, coriander, spice mix and fenugreek powder) sold in Turkey regarding mold and aflatoxin contamination. Total 55 mold species belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium sp. were isolated while A. flavus and A. niger were the most prevalent ones. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was detected in 50% (n = 12) and 65% (n = 13) of the meat products and ingredients while 25% and 43% of sucuk and pastirma samples had mold counts exceeding the limits of Turkish Food Codex, respectively. However, one red paprika sample had AFB1 and total aflatoxin levels over the limitations of Turkish Food Codex and European Commission. It was concluded that Turkish meat products/ingredients were generally safe for consumption.Practical applicationsThere is an increasing attention on mycotoxin contamination of foodstuffs in terms of consumer health as well as in international trade. Although especially spices are under the risk of mold growth and formation of mycotoxins, animal products such as beef and milk are also frequently exposed to mycotoxin contamination. In the meanwhile, national and international regulatory agents have established limits for the presence of aflatoxins in foodstuffs. Therefore, this study provides beneficial information about general safety conditions of several meat products and ingredients sold in Turkey market.