bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance pattern and maternal knowledge, attitude and practices of suspected Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among children under 5 years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: cross sectional study
Authors: GebreSilasie Yeshwondm Mamuye , Tullu Kassu Desta , Yeshanew Addisu Gize 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Diarrheal illness remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age worldwide, especially in developing countries. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children in the developing world and is associated with high resistance levels to antibiotics. The aims of this study were to isolate and determine susceptibility patterns of DEC among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea and to assess maternal knowledge, attitude and practice towards childhood diarrhea.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted from August–December 2015 at 3 selected health institutions. Stool samples were cultured and isolated E. coli species were run for antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disk diffusion method. In addition, children’s caretakers were interviewed using structured questionnaires including a Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAPs) survey. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of different risk factors on bacterial related diarrhea.

Results
A total of 253 children, 115 males and 138 females with acute diarrhea were enrolled. E. coli was identified in a total of sixty-one children (24.1%), followed by Shigella (9.1%) and Salmonella (3.95%). Additionally, eighty-six children (34.0%) had parasites identified in stool samples. E. coli isolates showed 83.6% resistance to ampicillin and augmentin followed by, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (62.3%). Multiple resistances were observed in 72.1% of isolates; however, more than 90% of the strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Caretakers identified the following as causes of infection: contaminated food and water (83.4%), microorganisms (55.3%), inadequate breast milk (54.1%), teething (45.1%), house flies (43.1%) and evil eye (15.8%). No hand washing before meals and low levels of knowledge had a significant association with E. coli infection (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In children with suspected diarrheagenic E. coli, we observed a high frequency of multidrug resistant E. coli. Furthermore, study subjects with low awareness about source, cause and symptoms of the disease were more likely to acquire suspected diarrheagenic E. coli infections. Thus, there is a need for more education in addition to continuous surveillance of the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of diarrheal bacterial isolates in hospitals and in the community.
Times to Diagnosis and Treatment of Lung Cancer in New South Wales, Australia: A Multicenter, Medicare Data Linkage Study
Authors: Malalasekera Ashanya , Blinman Prunella L. , Dhillon Haryana M. , Stefanic Natalie A. , Grimison Peter , Jain Ankit , D’Souza Mario , Kao Steven C. , Vardy Janette L. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Earlier access to lung cancer specialist (LCS) care improves survival. We examined times to diagnosis and treatment of patients with lung cancer in rural and metropolitan New South Wales (NSW) Australia, benchmarked against recent timeframe recommendations. Materials and Methods: Semistructured interviews of recently diagnosed patients with lung cancer from five NSW cancer centers were used to determine standardized time intervals to diagnosis and treatment, triangulated with Medicare data linkage and medical records. We used descriptive statistics to evaluate the primary end points of median time intervals from general practitioner (GP) referral to first LCS visit (GP-LCS interval) and to treatment start (Secondary Care interval). Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to study associations with delays in end points. Post hoc survival analyses were performed. Results: Data linkage was performed for 125 patients (68% stage IV; 69% metropolitan), with 108 interviewed. The median GP-LCS interval was 4 days, with 83% of patients seeing an LCS within the recommended 14 days. The median Secondary Care interval was 42 days (52% within 42 days). There were no significant differences between time intervals faced by rural and metropolitan patients overall, although metropolitan patients took 18 days less than rural counterparts to commence radiation/chemoradiation (95% CI, −33.2 to −2.54; P = .02). One third of patients perceived delays. Delays did not affect survival. Conclusion: Rural and metropolitan NSW patients face comparable time lines to diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Most patients are seen by an LCS within recommended timeframes, but transition through Secondary Care and addressing patient expectations could be improved.
Comorbidity Assessment in the National Cancer Database for Patients With Surgically Resected Breast, Colorectal, or Lung Cancer (AFT-01, -02, -03)
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , McMurry Timothy L. , Schumacher Jessica R. , Hu Chung-Yuan , Stukenborg George J. , Francescatti Amanda B. , Greenberg Caprice C. , Chang George J. , McKellar Daniel P. , Walter Louise C. , Kozower Benjamin D. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Accurate comorbidity measurement is critical for cancer research. We evaluated comorbidity assessment in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which uses a code-based Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI), and compared its prognostic performance with a chart-based CCI and individual comorbidities in a national sample of patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. Patients and Methods: Through an NCDB Special Study, cancer registrars re-abstracted perioperative comorbidities for 11,243 patients with stage II to III breast cancer, 10,880 with stage I to III colorectal cancer, and 9,640 with stage I to III lung cancer treated with definitive surgical resection in 2006-2007. For each cancer type, we compared the prognostic performance of the NCDB code-based CCI (categorical: 0 or missing data, 1, 2+), Special Study chart-based CCI (continuous), and 18 individual comorbidities in three separate Cox proportional hazards models for postoperative 5-year overall survival. Results: Comorbidity was highest among patients with lung cancer (13.2% NCDB CCI 2+) and lowest among patients with breast cancer (2.8% NCDB CCI 2+). Agreement between the NCDB and Special Study CCI was highest for breast cancer (rank correlation, 0.50) and lowest for lung cancer (rank correlation, 0.40). The NCDB CCI underestimated comorbidity for 19.1%, 29.3%, and 36.2% of patients with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer, respectively. Within each cancer type, the prognostic performance of the NCDB CCI, Special Study CCI, and individual comorbidities to predict postoperative 5-year overall survival was similar. Conclusion: The NCDB underestimated comorbidity in patients with surgically resected breast, colorectal, or lung cancer, partly because the NCDB codes missing data as CCI 0. However, despite underestimation of comorbidity, the NCDB CCI was similar to the more complete measures of comorbidity in the Special Study in predicting overall survival.
Reconstitution of immune cell interactions in free-standing membranes
Authors: Jenkins Edward , Santos Ana Mafalda , O'Brien-Ball Caitlin , Felce James H. , Wilcock Martin J. , Hatherley Deborah , Dustin Michael L. , Davis Simon J. , Eggeling Christian , Sezgin Erdinc 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The spatiotemporal regulation of signalling proteins at the contacts formed between immune cells and their targets determines how and when immune responses begin and end. Therapeutic control of immune responses therefore relies on thorough elucidation of the molecular processes occurring at these interfaces. However, the detailed investigation of each component's contribution to the formation and regulation of the contact is hampered by the complexities of cell composition and architecture. Moreover, the transient nature of these interactions creates additional challenges, especially in the use of advanced imaging technology. One approach that circumvents these problems is to establish in vitro systems that faithfully mimic immune cell interactions, but allow complexity to be ‘dialled-in’ as needed. Here, we present an in vitro system that makes use of synthetic vesicles that mimic important aspects of immune cell surfaces. Using this system, we began to explore the spatial distribution of signalling molecules (receptors, kinases and phosphatases) and how this changes during the initiation of signalling. The GUV/cell system presented here is expected to be widely applicable.
Novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles malaria vectors from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jeffries Claire L. , Lawrence Gena G. , Golovko George , Kristan Mojca , Orsborne James , Spence Kirstin , Hurn Eliot , Bandibabone Janvier , Tantely Luciano M. , Raharimalala Fara N. , Keita Kalil , Camara Denka , Barry Yaya , Wat’senga Francis , Manzambi Emile Z. , Afrane Yaw A. , Mohammed Abdul R. , Abeku Tarekegn A. , Hedge Shivanand , Khanipov Kamil , Pimenova Maria , Fofanov Yuriy , Boyer Sebastien , Irish Seth R. , Hughes Grant L. , Walker Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Background: Wolbachia, a common insect endosymbiotic bacterium that can influence pathogen transmission and manipulate host reproduction, has historically been considered absent from the Anopheles (An.) genera, but has recently been found in An. gambiae s.l. populations. As there are numerous Anopheles species that have the capacity to transmit malaria, we analysed a range of species to determine Wolbachia prevalence rates, characterise novel Wolbachia strains and determine any correlation between the presence of Plasmodium, Wolbachia and the competing endosymbiotic bacterium Asaia. Methods: Anopheles adult mosquitoes were collected from five malaria-endemic countries: Guinea, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana, Uganda and Madagascar, between 2013 and 2017. Molecular analysis of samples was undertaken using quantitative PCR, Sanger sequencing, Wolbachia multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results: Novel Wolbachia strains were discovered in five species: An. coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’, increasing the number of Anopheles species known to be naturally infected. Variable prevalence rates in different locations were observed and novel strains were phylogenetically diverse, clustering with Wolbachia supergroup B strains. We also provide evidence for resident strain variants within An. species ‘A’. Wolbachia is the dominant member of the microbiome in An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’, but present at lower densities in An. coluzzii. Interestingly, no evidence of Wolbachia/Asaia co-infections was seen and Asaia infection densities were also shown to be variable and location dependent. Conclusions: The important discovery of novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles provides greater insight into the prevalence of resident Wolbachia strains in diverse malaria vectors. Novel Wolbachia strains (particularly high-density strains) are ideal candidate strains for transinfection to create stable infections in other Anopheles mosquito species, which could be used for population replacement or suppression control strategies.
Vivência materna no cuidado da criança com asma [Mothers’ experience in caring for children with asthma] [Experiencia materna en el cuidado de niños con asma]
Authors: Costa Rosana Dos santos , Zanolli Maria De Lurdes , Nogueira Lidya Tolstenko 
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: compreender o comportamento materno no cuidado à criança com asma. Método: estudo qualitativo, orientado pelo referencial do método etnográfico, realizado no período de julho de 2013 a janeiro de 2014. Participaram 12 mães de crianças com asma grave, de 6 a 7 anos de idade, selecionadas por equipes da estratégia saúde da família do município de Teresina-PI. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: as categorias extraídas dos discursos foram: a mãe diante do diagnóstico de asma infantil; a mãe e a crise de asma infantil; a mãe e o serviço de saúde do bairro. Conclusão: identificou-se que as mães apresentaram reduzido conhecimento sobre manejo adequado da doença e demonstraram insatisfação em relação ao serviço de saúde do bairro. Evidenciou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de atividades educativas para a redução da morbidade da asma na população estudada.ABSTRACTObjective: to understand mothers’ behavior in caring for children with asthma. Method: this qualitative study, guided by the ethnographic method, was conducted from July 2013 to January 2014. Participants were 12 mothers of 6 to 7 year olds with severe asthma selected by family health strategy teams in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí. The research project was approved by the research ethics committee. Results: the categories extracted from the accounts were: the mother and the child’s diagnosis of asthma; the mother and the child’s asthma crisis; the mother and the neighborhood health service. Conclusion: mothers were found to know little about proper management of the disease and displayed dissatisfaction with the neighborhood health service. There emerged a need for educational activities to reduce asthma morbidity in the study population.RESUMEN: Objetivo: comprender el comportamiento materno en el cuidado del niño con asma. Método: estudio cualitativo, orientado por el referencial del método etnográfico, realizado en el período de julio de 2013 a enero de 2014. Participaron 12 madres de niños con asma grave, de 6 a 7 años de edad, seleccionadas por equipos de la estrategia salud de la familia del municipio de Teresina-PI. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: las categorías extraídas de los discursos fueron: la madre ante el diagnóstico de asma del niño; la madre y la crisis de asma del niño; la madre y el servicio de salud del barrio. Conclusión: se identificó que las madres tenían poco conocimiento sobre el cuidado adecuado de la enfermedad y demostraron insatisfacción en cuanto al servicio de salud del barrio. Quedó evidente la necesidad del desarrollo de actividades educativas para la reducción de la morbilidad del asma en la población estudiada.
Contribuições da pesquisa fenomenológica sobre o câncer de mama: uma revisão integrativa [Contributions by phenomenological research into breast cancer: an integrative review] [Contribuciones de la investigación fenomenológica sobre el cáncer de mama: una revisión integradora]
Authors: Medeiros Marlise Barros de , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Melo Sérgio Henrique Silva , Joaquim Fabiana Lopes 
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: analisar a produção do conhecimento acerca do câncer de mama na perspectiva fenomenológica. Método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados da MEDLINE, LILACS, IBESC e BDENF. Resultados: o estudo revisou oito artigos com discussão acerca da vivência da mulher e dos familiares, colaborando com a humanização da assistência, a prevenção secundária e a detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Destaca a necessidade de compreensão das subjetividades envolvidas nesse processo para elaboração de programas de cuidado mais eficazes. Conclusão: a produção do conhecimento acerca do câncer de mama na perspectiva fenomenológica é relevante e traz contribuições tanto para assistência quanto para a orientação das políticas públicas no controle dessa doença. ABSTRACTObjective: to examine the production of knowledge about breast cancer from the phenomenological perspective. Methods: integrative review of publications in the MEDLINE, LILACS, IBESC and BDENF databases. Results: the study reviewed eight articles discussing the experiences of women and their families, contributing to the humanization of care, secondary prevention and early detection of breast cancer. This underlines the need to understand the subjectivities involved in this process in order to develop more effective care programs. Conclusion: knowledge production on breast cancer from a phenomenological perspective is important, and contributes both to nursing care and to guiding public policies for breast cancer control. RESUMENObjetivo: analizar la producción de conocimiento acerca del cáncer de mama con una perspectiva fenomenológica. Método: revisión integrativa realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, IBESC y BDENF. Resultados: el estudio revisó ocho artículos con discusión acerca de la vivencia de la mujer y de sus familiares, contribuyendo para una asistencia más humanizada, la prevención secundaria y la detección precoz del cáncer de mama. Destaca la necesidad de comprensión de las subjetividades implicadas en este proceso para la elaboración de programas de cuidado más eficaces. Conclusión: la producción del conocimiento acerca del cáncer de mama con perspectiva fenomenológica es relevante y trae contribuciones no solo para asistencia sino también para la orientación de las políticas públicas en el control de esa enfermedad.
Conflito Interno e Transferência de Recursos nos Estados Unidos - mobilização e extração de recursos sob o governo Ronald Reagan (1981-1988) | Internal Conflict and Resource Distribution in the United States: Mobilization and resource extraction under Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
Authors: Fornari Dall'Agnol Gustavo 
Published: September 2018

Após a crise da década de 1970, as elites norte-americanas reorganizaram o modo pelo qual extraiam recursos da sociedade. Sob o neoconservadorismo, o Estado de bem-estar social foi desmantelado e recursos foram transferidos para o setor militar. O presente estudo problematiza a estratégia dessas elites que lograram êxito no referido processo. Para tal, conceitua-se o neoconservadorismo e mapeia-se os diferentes grupos de influência que compõem essa força política que, até os dias atuais, permanece decisiva no processo de tomada de decisão em política externa e segurança nos Estados Unidos. Posteriormente, faz-se uma análise do Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) do governo Ronald Reagan como estudo de caso revelador desse modo de extração de recursos. O presente artigo visa a mostrar como as elites neoconservadoras mobilizam a sociedade e seus principais grupos de interesse para triunfar em sua estratégia.ABSTRACTSince the 1970’s crisis, the north-american elites reorganized the way in which they extracted society’s resources. Under neoconservatism, the welfare state was dismantled and resources were transferred to the military. The present paper problematizes the strategy of those elites which were triumphant in the referred process. For that, neoconservatism is conceptualized and the different influence groups that compose this political force are mapped. Neoconservatism is, up to the present, a decisive force in the decision making process of foreign policy and security in the United States. In the sequence, the paper analyzes Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) as a revealing case study of this way of resource extracting. The present study aims at showing how the neoconservative elites mobilizes society and its main interest groups in order to succeed in their strategy. Palavras-chave: Estados Unidos; complexo industrial-militar; neoconservadorismo.Keywords: United States; military-industrial complex; neoconservatism. Recebido em 23 de Janeiro de 2018 | Received on January 23, 2018Aceito em 18 de Julho de 2018 | Accepted on July 18, 2018DOI
PAQUIN, Stéphane. Theories of international political economy. Ontario, Canada: Oxford University Press, 2016, 240p. ISBN: 9780199018970
Authors: Oliveira Tatiana 
Published: September 2018

O texto trata-se de uma resenha do livro "Theories of international political economy. " de Stéphane Paquin, publicado pela Oxford University Press em 2016.ABSTRACTRecebido em 26 de Julho de 2018 | Received on July 26, 2018Aceito em 27 de Agosto de 2018 | Accepted on August 27, 2018DOI
French Canadian translation and the validity and inter-rater reliability of the ISTAP Skin Tear Classification System
Authors: Chaplain Valérie , Labrecque Chantal , Woo Kevin, Y. , LeBlanc Kimberly 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To adapt the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) skin tear classification system into French Canadian, and to test the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the translated version. Method: Phase one included the translation of the ISTAP skin tear classification system into French Canadian, using a forward-back translation method. Following this the translated version was tested for content validity and inter-rater reliability with registered nurses from a French acute care hospital in Ottawa, Canada. Results: The French Canadian translation of the ISTAP skin tear classification system was evaluated by 92 nurses without in-depth wound care training. The adapted version obtained a substantial level of agreement between users, (Fleiss' Kappa = 0.69). Conclusion: The study tested the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the French Canadian version of the ISTAP skin tear classification system. The results support previous studies and further validate the classification system as a reliable method for classifying skin tears. The study supports ISTAP's goal of establishing a global language for describing and documenting skin tears.
FUNGSI PENGAJIAN DAN MUJĀHADAH KAMIS WAGE BAGI KOMUNITAS PESANTREN SUNAN PANDANARAN, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Yahya Mohamad 
Published: September 2018

This article is part of anthropological research about Mujāhadah Kemis Wage in Pesantren Sunan Pandanaran, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Having used participatory technic, interview, observation, as well as documentation data, this research benefited fungsionalisme Bronislaw Malinowski theory for both descripting and analyzing the data. Part of research result are the form of Mujāhadah kamis wage that consist of: (1) khatm al-Qur’ān (2) khatm al- Qur’ān prayer, (3) theological sermons, (4) recitation of asmaul husna, (5) recitation of ratībul ḥaddād, (6) recitation of ‘ibādallah, (7) as well commemoration of ṣalawat during public endorsing. While according to fungcionalism point of view, this public ritual congregation entails several functions spread from religious dimension, to education, socio-political, up to sectarian ideology.
O tožské češtině
Authors: Hrdlička Milan Hrdlička 
Published: September 2018

Lingvisté pracují v současné korpusové éře nejčastěji s reálným řečovým materiálem, s psanými nebo mluvenými texty. Na základě poznatků o vývoji národního jazyka je ale možné rekonstruovat i nedochované nebo neúplné historické podoby jeho morfologických forem aj. Je také zajímavé pokusit se o prognózu virtuálního výsledku vzájemného působení různorodých jazyků, který se z politických důvodů nerealizovalo. Ve 20. letech 20. století se uvažovalo o tom, že nové samostatné Československo (1918) by mohlo získat jako válečnou reparaci bývalou německou kolonii Togo. V textu jde o hypotetickou podobu tožské češtiny, která by se utvářela na základě kontaktu tamních domorodých jazyků, němčiny a češtiny jako nastupujícího koloniální jazyka.