bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimidation against advocates and researchers in the tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food spaces: a review
Authors: Evans-Reeves Karen A , Matthes Britta K , Chamberlain Phil , Paichadze Nino , Gilmore Anna B , Mialon Melissa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) engage in corporate political activity, using diverse practices, including intimidatory tactics, to thwart, delay and dilute regulations that threaten their businesses. While examples of such intimidation exist across multiple sectors, no attempt has been made to synthesize these. Furthermore, much of the literature focuses on intimidation of policy-makers. Less is known about the types of intimidation experienced by advocates and researchers and their responses to this intimidation. This scoping review explores the literature across the tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food spaces for instances of intimidation and categorizes them inductively and deductively based on a framework of intimidation types. Similarly, responses to intimidation were mapped onto a pre-existing framework. We found intimidatory tactics towards advocates and researchers in every sector. Public discreditation, followed by legal threats and action, complaints and freedom of information requests were most frequently mentioned and often attributed to UCIs or their third parties. Surveillance, threats of violence, violence, burglary and bribery were less prevalent in the literature and their perpetrators were unknown. Those intimidated reported carrying on as normal, defensive action (changing/adapting work, taking security precautions) or, as was most reported, offensive action (exposing intimidation, correcting misinformation, taking legal action). The similarity of intimidation across sectors suggests that UCIs engage in similar intimidatory tactics regardless of sector. Understanding more about the scale of intimidation and how it impacts the work and wellbeing of those affected is essential, as is learning more about the ways researchers and advocates can effectively pre-empt and respond.
Youth perspectives on the promotional and public relations strategies of health harming industries
Authors: McCarthy Simone , Pitt Hannah , Arnot Grace , Pristov Emma Jane , Thomas Samantha L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Public health researchers have investigated how youth are exposed to and influenced by traditional forms of commercial marketing from health-harming industries. Limited research has investigated youth opinions about the broader marketing and public relations strategies of these industries. This study aimed to understand youth perceptions of the impact and influence of a range of marketing and public relations strategies used by health harming industries. An online qualitative survey was conducted with n = 518, 16- to 24-year-olds living in Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked to consider the broad influence of marketing from health harming industries on youth, including the impacts of social media promotions, corporate social responsibility strategies including sponsorship and political donations, as well as their views on marketing restrictions. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to construct themes from the data. Participants stated that excessive marketing strategies had a significant influence on youth consumption of health harming products. Most felt that social media marketing had the most appeal and influence on youth. Most were critical of these strategies and were supportive of strong restrictions on marketing for health-harming products. However, many participants held more positive views about corporate social responsibility strategies, which they perceived could offset the negative impacts of these industries on health. Increased focus is needed from the public health and health promotion communities to ensure that youth are protected from the influence of the range of marketing strategies that are used by health-harming industries to promote their products and resist regulatory reform.
Association between preoperative D-dimer with morphologic features and surgical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Zhao Shuanglei , Liu Zhou , Wen Mingxiu , Zhang Hongkai , Wang Longfei , Zhang Nan , Li Lei , Luo Wei , Jiang WenJian , Zhang Hongjia , Gong Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The association between preoperative D-dimer with morphologic features and surgical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection is still unclear.

METHODS
430 acute type A aortic dissection patients who underwent total arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk in Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University between January 2016 and December 2020 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were divided into higher D-dimer (&gt;2307 ng/ml) group and lower D-dimer (≤2307 ng/ml) group. We compared the extent of dissection and branch artery perfusion patterns between the 2 groups. The restricted cubic spline was performed to assess the association between D-dimer with the extent of dissection and major adverse events after surgery.

RESULTS
Among 430 patients, there were 45 (10.47%) in-hospital mortality and 156 (36.28%) major adverse events. Patients with higher D-dimer had bigger dissection extension length and false lumen perimeter in ascending aorta, thoracic descending aorta, diaphragmatic, coeliac trunk and renal artery level. For the branch artery perfusion patterns, patients with higher D-dimer had a higher proportion of malperfusion among the innominate artery, right renal artery and both side iliac arteries, a higher proportion of dissected intercostal artery/all intercostal arteries &gt;0.5 (43.46% vs 29.63%, P = 0.003). The restricted cubic spline linear regression model revealed a nonlinear association between lnD-dimer with extension length and false lumen perimeter (all P for overall and P for nonlinearity &lt;0.001 except false lumen perimeter in ascending aorta level). The restricted cubic spline logistic regression model revealed a linear association between lnD-dimer with major adverse events (P for overall &lt;0.001, P for nonlinearity = 0.637). The association between lnD-dimer and major adverse events was still significant in the fully adjusted logistic regression model with computed tomography angiography characteristics [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) =1.388 (1.137, 1.695), P = 0.001].

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative D-dimer strongly and positively correlates with the extent of dissection and major adverse events of acute type A aortic dissection after total arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk. D-dimer seems to be a supplement that indicates the severity of aortic dissection to aortic computed tomography angiography.
Regulating Gender Violence in Postcolonial Societies: Is Legal Pluralism a Problem for Human Rights?
Authors: Ada Tchoukou Julie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article is an examination of the pluralistic context in which human rights laws operate. The existence of unequal but mutually constitutive legal and normative orders in diverse societies raises complex issues for human rights practitioners. As the language of rights acquires worldwide currency, questions increasingly arise as to their relationship with other normative orders and systems of justice. While the impetus for legal pluralism may be multifaceted and complicated, this article focuses exclusively on the human rights dimension in Africa. Its main objective is to explore the nature of the relationship between gender equality and legal pluralism. In plural settings, the conflict between the need to preserve minority culture and the protection of rights forms the basis for how legal reforms have failed to address issues affecting women and girls. To ensure a consistent application of human rights norms, States must acknowledge that there are severe limits and resistance to formal laws within society, that there are spaces where its authority is not absolute and that ‘legal pluralism is a fact’. Failing to do this results in the development of new forms of ‘identity politics’ that continue to silence and subordinate women and girls.
A focusing framework for testing bi-directional causal effects in Mendelian randomization
Authors: Li Sai , Ye Ting 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful method that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer the causal effect of a modifiable exposure on an outcome. We study inference for bi-directional causal relationships and causal directions with possibly pleiotropic genetic variants. We show that assumptions for common MR methods are often impossible or too stringent given the potential bi-directional relationships. We propose a new focusing framework for testing bi-directional causal effects and it can be coupled with many state-of-the-art MR methods. We provide theoretical guarantees for our proposal and demonstrate its performance using several simulated and real datasets.
Gibberellins: extending the Green Revolution
Authors: Robil Janlo M , Awale Prameela , McSteen Paula , Best Norman B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Green Revolution more than doubled crop yields and food production in crop species such as wheat and rice. This was primarily accomplished by altering the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway to reduce plant height and prevent plants from falling over when growth was promoted with fertilizer application. Similar approaches have not been successfully accomplished in other grass crop species, such as maize, due to pleiotropic deleterious traits that arise from altering the GA pathway. This review highlights new findings in GA research across grass crop species. We have primarily focused on the developmental role of GAs in plant architecture and growth. We discuss how alteration of GA effects could be used to alter plant morphology and development of ideal plant ideotypes for grass crop species. To further extend the Green Revolution and improve food production from cereal crop species, targeted and tissue-specific regulation of the GA pathway will have to be undertaken.
From parliamentary history to digital and computational history: a NLP-friendly TEI model for historical parliamentary proceedings
Authors: Puren Marie , Lebreton Fanny , Pellet Aurélien , Vernus Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a new method for the digital and computational analysis of historical parliamentary proceedings. The article presents an XML-TEI model specifically designed for encoding historical parliamentary documents; this model is exemplified through the analysis of parliamentary debates from the French Chamber of Deputies (1889–1893). The first part of the article discusses the motivations behind the model’s development. The second part outlines the methodological choices in constructing the model and the need for schema adaptation. We subsequently detail our method for automatic encoding of such large corpora. Finally, we propose an approach to annotate parliamentary debates using natural language processing analyses, focusing on topic modelling.
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in United States Active Duty Service Members: Prevalence/Incidence, Health Care Utilization, and Cost Analysis Spanning Fiscal Years 2016–2021
Authors: Isaacson Brad , Hando Ben , Pav Veronika , Wagner Linzie , Colahan Courtney , Pasquina Paul , Yuan Xiaoning 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Upper Extremity musculoskeletal injuries (UE MSKIs) represent a major threat to the overall health and readiness of U.S. active duty service members (U.S. ADSMs). However, a lack of prior research and inconsistent study and surveillance methodology has limited Department of Defense (DoD) leaders from assessing and addressing the burden of these conditions. The purpose of this study was to report the incidence, prevalence, and types of UE MSKIs sustained by ADSMs across four branches of service and describe associated health care utilization and private sector costs.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective, longitudinal population study, including ADSMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. Prevalence and incidence rates for UE MSKIs, associated health care utilization, and private sector costs were obtained by querying electronic health records from military treatment facilities (MTF), private sector care (PC) claims, and theater medical data from the Military Health System Data Repository from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2021 (Fiscal Years [FYs] 16–21). Utilization associated with UE MSKIs in both the direct care (DC) and PC settings was classified into mutually exclusive outpatient encounter categories and acute inpatient stays. PC costs related to UE MSKIs were captured for each year.

Results
In FY21, UE MSKIs occurred in 15.0% of ADSMs (n = 224,842). From FY16–21, the Army had the highest annual prevalence of UE MSKIs (16.7–18.8%), followed by the Air Force (15.2–17.6%), Marine Corps (13.2–14.7%), and Navy (11.1–12.6%). Incidence rate patterns were similar, with the Army sustaining UE MSKIs at 172 to 199 injuries per 1,000 person-years, followed by the Air Force (150–181), Marines (140–157), and Navy (113–130). Overuse/non-specific MSKIs of the shoulder were the most common UE injury type and body region affected, respectively. There were 5,641,191 DC and 1,290,153 PC outpatient encounters from FY16–21 with a primary or secondary diagnosis of UE MSKI. The Air Force was most reliant on PC, with 31.5% of their UE MSKI-related encounters occurring outside MTFs during FY16–21.

Conclusions
Among U.S. ADSMs, UE MSKIs are both highly prevalent and financially burdensome. We observed variation across the Services in the prevalence and incidence of UE MSKIs, and their respective reliance on the private sector for management of these conditions. Findings from this work may support military leaders and MSKI researchers who seek to reduce the impact of UE MSKIs on the readiness and overall health of the U.S. Military.
Musculoskeletal Spine Injuries in U.S. Active Duty Service Members: Prevalence/Incidence, Healthcare Utilization, and Cost Analysis Spanning Fiscal Years 2016–2021
Authors: Yuan Xiaoning , Stewart Emma , Colahan Courtney , Pasquina Paul , Isaacson Brad , Pav Veronika , Hando Ben 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Low back pain and musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) of the Spine are the most common reason for U.S. active duty service members (ADSMs) to seek medical care. The purposes of this descriptive study were to report the prevalence/incidence, health care utilization, and health care costs attributable to Spine (thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and pelvic) MSKIs across the four major branches of service from Fiscal Years (FY) 2016 to 2021.

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective, longitudinal population study, including ADSMs from the Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, and Navy. Prevalence and incidence rates for Spine MSKIs, associated health care utilization, and costs were obtained by querying electronic health records (EHRs) from military treatment facilities, private sector care (PC) claims, and theater medical data from the Military Health System Data Repository from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2021 (FY16–21). Utilization associated with Spine MSKIs in both the direct care (DC) and PC settings was classified into mutually exclusive outpatient encounter categories and acute inpatient stays. PC costs related to Spine MSKIs were captured per year.

Results
In FY21, 269,301 ADSMs sought care for Spine MSKI, representing 18.0% of the U.S. Armed Forces. The prevalence of Spine MSKIs ranged from 17.4 to 19.5% during FY16–21, with the highest annual prevalence among the Army (20.7–22.9%) and Air Force (19.0–22.6%). Across the study period, Soldiers had the highest share (47.8–50.4%) of DC outpatient encounters for Spine MSKI (primary or secondary diagnosis). The Air Force relied most heavily on PC for outpatient Spine MSKI care across the study period, where in FY21 Airmen accounted for 36.5% of the outpatient PC Spine MSKI encounters totaling $21,140,935 in PC costs. In FY21, total PC costs for Spine MSKI totaled $99,317,832.

Conclusions
This retrospective, descriptive study establishes prevalence/incidence, health care utilization, and PC costs for Spine MSKIs across the Services from FY16–21 and highlights the burden of Spine MSKIs among the U.S. Armed Forces, with costs amounting to over $99 million in PC reliance in FY21 alone.
CD38 ligation in sepsis promotes nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-mediated IL-6 production in kidney stromal cells
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Otsuka Tadashi , Takahashi Yusuke , Maruyama Shingo , Annenkov Alexey , Kanda Yasuhiro , Katakai Tomoya , Watanabe Hirofumi , Ohashi Riuko , Kaneko Yoshikatsu , Narita Ichiei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Activated macrophages, pivotal for driving the immune response in sepsis, express high levels of CD38. Although the circulating levels of its ligand, CD31, increase in sepsis, the functions of CD38 and its ligation remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of CD38 ligation on sepsis using single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq, respectively) to identify a novel therapeutic target for severe sepsis.

Methods
We performed scRNA-seq analysis of mouse peritoneal immune cells to precisely identify cell types exhibiting increased CD38 expression upon exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently we induced CD38 ligation using a well-established agonistic anti-CD38 antibody in a mouse model of LPS-induced sepsis. We analysed its pathophysiological effects using kidney snRNA-seq. Finally, we performed histological analysis of septic tissues collected from patients to ensure consistency of our findings between mice and humans.

Results
LPS stimulation upregulated CD38 expression in peritoneal macrophages. CD38 ligation significantly exacerbated LPS-induced inflammation in vivo, particularly in the kidneys. Kidney snRNA-seq analysis revealed that CD38 ligation induced interleukin (IL)-6 production in renal stromal cells via nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) signalling originating from CD38-positive macrophages. NAMPT inhibition significantly ameliorated LPS-induced IL-6 production and kidney injury. Histological analysis of human septic tissues demonstrated upregulation of IL6 messenger RNA and NAMPT in renal stromal cells and CD38-positive macrophages, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings elucidate the implications of CD38 ligation in an LPS-induced sepsis model and uncover shared signalling pathways between mice and human sepsis. NAMPT signalling identified in this study may be a novel therapeutic target for mitigating systemic inflammation and kidney injury associated with severe sepsis.
Harriet Ann Jacobs
Authors: Gunning Sandra 
Published: November 2024

Now celebrated for her classic slave narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861), Harriet Ann Jacobs (b. 1813–d. 1897) was an abolitionist, educator, and advocate for former slaves during and after the American Civil War. Born in Edenton, North Carolina, to enslaved parents Delilah and Elijah, Jacobs learned to read and write from her mistress Margaret Horniblow. On the latter’s death in 1825 Harriet Jacobs and her brother John Swanson Jacobs entered the household of Dr. James Norcom who for the next four years subjected her to intense sexual harassment. Finally in 1829, after Norcom refused an offer of sale from Jacobs’s free Black lover, she engaged in a sexual affair with Norcom’s white neighbor Samuel Tredwell Sawyer. Here she gambled that Sawyer’s affections might lead him to purchase her, and though she expressed great shame in Incidents regarding this stratagem, she argued against judging enslaved women who only sought to protect themselves. In 1835 after the birth of son Joseph and daughter Louisa, Jacobs hid in the attic space of her grandmother’s house, tricking Norcom into believing she had fled North. Assuming Jacobs was entirely out of reach, Norcom sold the children and their uncle John Swanson Jacobs to a slave trader with whom Sawyer was secretly in league. Sawyer purchased all three. With her family safe now from Norcom, Jacobs finally escaped to New York in 1842, seven years after going into hiding. Once North, Jacobs reunited with her children and brother, only to find herself in danger yet again with the passage of the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law. Though Norcom was now dead, his daughter pursued Jacobs, until white friends arranged for her purchase in 1852. Finally free and with national tensions rising over the question of slavery, Jacobs published her life story as Incidents in 1861, under the pseudonym “Linda Brent” and with the aid of Lydia Maria Child. For the next five years she traveled with the now adult Louisa, performing relief work among displaced ex-slaves in Washington, DC, Alexandria, Virginia, and Savannah, Georgia. In 1867, after a failed attempt to raise funds in Britain to aid freed people, Jacobs faced dwindling financial resources. For the rest of their lives Jacobs and Louisa struggled to support themselves. At times they took in boarders, sold homemade preserves, or in Louisa’s case took short-lived teaching and clerical jobs. Harriet Jacobs died in 1897 and is buried in Boston’s Auburn Cemetery.
Francis Bacon
Authors: Stewart Alan 
Published: November 2024

In his early thirties, some years before his works appeared in print, Francis Bacon (b. 1561–d. 1626) famously wrote that “I have taken all knowledge to be my province”—and the modern reader is still struck by the sheer range and ambition of his writings. In his busy public life, Bacon was lawyer, parliamentarian, adviser, courtier, bureaucrat, politician, and judge; his intellectual pursuits went well beyond even that scope to encompass natural philosophy in its broadest senses, theology, mythography, experimental science, historiography, and much more. Many scholars attempting to understand Bacon necessarily limit their inquiry to fit their own intellectual expertise and the silo of their academic discipline, and to good effect, but recently there has been a greater willingness to embrace interdisciplinary approaches, and to understand, for example, the relation between his scientific and legal thinking, or his political activities and his essay writing—although Bacon might well have been bemused by the still limited nature of these forays on his “province” of “all knowledge.” Bacon has been read and studied now for over four centuries, and while his writings have always remained in print, it is possible to track certain trends in the focus of Bacon studies. After a century when no major edition appeared, ambitious new editions of his works, in English, French, and Romanian, have been inaugurated since the 1990s. The same period has seen a resurgence of interest in his fable New Atlantis and, more recently, his natural history collection Sylva sylvarum; it is inevitable that the coming years—with the benefit of new scholarly editions—will pursue other directions. This bibliography was commissioned under the heading of “British and Irish Literature,” and it therefore perhaps leans towards the Bacon texts that have been deemed most worthy of study by literary scholars. But in truth there is very little Bacon scholarship that is purely literary: those scholars have found themselves in territory more familiar to philosophy, law, science, and politics. In an attempt to prevent the bibliography sprawling in every direction, it does not attempt to engage as fully with some of the more technical subjects that Bacon broaches (mathematics, medicine, mining, some experimental work, etc.) and the minutiae of his legal and parliamentary careers. It is be hoped, however, that there is still enough here to reflect Bacon’s intellectual “province.”