bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data of three Eucalyptus species with extractive contents determined by ASE extraction for rapid identification of species and high extractive contents
Authors: Li Yanjie , Altaner Clemens 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Plantations of naturally durable timber species could substitute unsustainably harvested wood from tropical forests or wood treated with toxic preservatives. The New Zealand Dryland Forests Initiative (NZDFI) has established a tree-breeding program to develop genetically improved planting stock for durable eucalyptus plantations. In this study the durable heartwood of Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus globoidea and Eucalyptus argophloia was characterized by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and NIR data was calibrated with the extractives content (EC), determined by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) extraction, by means of a partial least squares regression (PLSR) model. It was possible to predict the EC content in the range of 0.34–18.9% with a residual mean square error (RMSE) of 0.9%. Moreover, the three species could also be differentiated by NIR spectroscopy with 100% accuracy, i.e. NIR spectroscopy is able to segregate timbers from mixed species forest plantations.
Study on Acoustic Detection of the Working State of Pulse Detonation Engine
Authors: Zhu Yan-fang , Xu Gui-yang , Wang Chun-guang , Gong Lun-kun , Wang Jiang-ning 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe experiment system of pulse detonation engine is set up to investigate the acoustic signature of detonation acoustic. The research on detonation acoustic characteristic of pulse detonation engine in three kinds of working states, deflagration stage, detonation stage and external detonation stage, is carried out. Results from the test show that the maximal PImpact, PJet1, τ+ and τInterval are obtained in external detonation stage. In deflagration stage, the concentrate of PDE acoustic signal energy is obvious. The energy of impulsive rise of impact noise and jet noise is an important part of PDE acoustic in deflagration stage. In detonation stage, a concentration of energy distribution is appeared in low frequency, and the energy of medium-high frequency is decreased. In external detonation stage, energy distribution is more concentrated in low frequency. The value of η11/η5 can be used to detect the working state of pulse detonation engine. When η11/η5 is less than 5, pulse detonation engine is in deflagration stage, however, when η11/η5 is large than 5, pulse detonation engine is in detonation stage or external detonation stage.
Alpha Oscillations Modulate Preparatory Activity in Marmoset Area 8Ad
Authors: Johnston Kevin , Ma Liya , Schaeffer Lauren , Everling Stefan 
Published: January 2019

Cognitive control often requires suppression of prepotent stimulus-driven responses in favor of less potent alternatives. Suppression of prepotent saccades has been shown to require proactive inhibition in the frontoparietal saccade network. Electrophysiological evidence in macaque monkeys has revealed neural correlates of such inhibition in this network; however, the interlaminar instantiation of inhibitory processes remains poorly understood because these areas lie deep within sulci in macaques, rendering them inaccessible to laminar recordings. Here, we addressed this gap by exploiting the mostly lissencephalic cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We inserted linear electrode arrays into areas 8Ad—the putative marmoset frontal eye field—and the lateral intraparietal area of two male marmosets and recorded neural activity during performance of a task comprised of alternating blocks of trials requiring a saccade either toward a large, high-luminance stimulus or the inhibition of this prepotent response in favor of a saccade toward a small, low-luminance stimulus. We observed prominent task-dependent activity in both alpha/gamma bands of the LFP and discharge rates of single neurons in area 8Ad during a prestimulus task epoch in which the animals had been instructed which of these two tasks to perform but before peripheral stimulus onset. These data are consistent with a model in which rhythmic alpha-band activity in deeper layers inhibits spiking in upper layers to support proactive inhibitory saccade control.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFailures to inhibit automatic saccadic responses are a hallmark of many neuropsychiatric disorders, but how this process is implemented across the cortical layers in the frontoparietal saccade network remains unknown because many of the areas are inaccessible to laminar recordings in macaques. Here, we investigated laminar neural activity in marmoset monkeys, which have a smooth cortex. Monkeys were required either to generate or inhibit a prepotent saccade response. In area 8Ad, the putative frontal eye field in marmosets, rhythmic alpha-band activity (9–14 Hz) was higher in deeper layers and spiking activity was lower in upper layers when the animals were instructed to suppress a saccade toward a peripheral stimulus. Reduced alpha power during task preparation may be the underlying common neural basis of a saccade suppression deficit.
Una aproximación económica a los fundamentos de los derechos inalienables
Authors: Bello Villarino José-Miguel 
Published: January 2019

RESUMENEste artículo es una reacción a la crítica relativista a la existencia de unos derechos universales de carácter inalienable. Si bien el debate se encuentra relativamente amortiguado ello parece ser debido a un cierto conformismo en el mundo académico y en la práctica internacional con la necesidad de cierta adaptación de los derechos humamos a las culturas locales. Con métodos propios del análisis económico del derecho, pero con un formalismo matemático de mínimos, se construye una fundamentación de la existencia de ciertos derechos inalienables y universales, fundamentados en las preferencias del Homo economicus. ABSTRACTThis article is a reaction to the relativist critic challenging the existence of universal inalienable rights. Although the debate is relatively muted, this seems to be due to a certain degree of conformism in academia and among international practitioners regarding the need for a certain adaptation of human rights to local cultures. With a methodology borrowed from economic analysis of the law, but with minimised formalisation, the article sets the foundations for the existence of certain inalienable and universal rights, based on the preferences of Homo economicus.
Divergent Roles for cAMP–PKA Signaling in the Regulation of Filamentous Growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus
Authors: Kayikci Ömur , Magwene Paul M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The cyclic AMP – Protein Kinase A (cAMP–PKA) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic signaling network that is essential for growth and development. In the fungi, cAMP–PKA signaling plays a critical role in regulating cellular physiology and morphological switches in response to nutrient availability. We undertook a comparative investigation of the role that cAMP-PKA signaling plays in the regulation of filamentous growth in two closely related budding yeast species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. Using chemical and genetic perturbations of this pathway and its downstream targets we discovered divergent roles for cAMP-PKA signaling in the regulation of filamentous growth. While cAMP-PKA signaling is required for the filamentous growth response in both species, increasing or decreasing the activity of this pathway leads to drastically different phenotypic outcomes. In S. cerevisiae, cAMP-PKA inhibition ameliorates the filamentous growth response while hyper-activation of the pathway leads to increased filamentous growth; the same perturbations in S. bayanus result in the obverse. Divergence in the regulation of filamentous growth between S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus extends to downstream targets of PKA, including several kinases, transcription factors, and effector proteins. Our findings highlight the potential for significant evolutionary divergence in gene network function, even when the constituent parts of such networks are well conserved.
Ade2 Functions in the Drosophila Fat Body To Promote Sleep
Authors: Yurgel Maria E , Shah Kreesha D , Brown Elizabeth B , Burns Carter , Bennick Ryan A , DiAngelo Justin R , Keene Alex C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Metabolic state is a potent modulator of sleep and circadian behavior, and animals acutely modulate their sleep in accordance with internal energy stores and food availability. Across phyla, hormones secreted from adipose tissue act in the brain to control neural physiology and behavior to modulate sleep and metabolic state. Growing evidence suggests the fat body is a critical regulator of complex behaviors, but little is known about the genes that function within the fat body to regulate sleep. To identify molecular factors functioning in non-neuronal tissues to regulate sleep, we performed an RNAi screen selectively knocking down genes in the fat body. We found that knockdown of Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase/Pfas (Ade2), a highly conserved gene involved the biosynthesis of purines, sleep regulation and energy stores. Flies heterozygous for multiple Ade2 mutations are also short sleepers and this effect is partially rescued by restoring Ade2 to the Drosophila fat body. Targeted knockdown of Ade2 in the fat body does not alter arousal threshold or the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation, suggesting a specific role in modulating baseline sleep duration. Together, these findings suggest Ade2 functions within the fat body to promote both sleep and energy storage, providing a functional link between these processes.
ASPECTOS DO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO GEOLÓGICO NA BACIA DO ARARIPE (PE/CE/PI/BRASIL)
Authors: Barreto Junior Aerson Moreira , Pacheco Admilson da Penha , Celestino Maria Alcione Lima 
Published: January 2019

A Bacia do Sedimentar do Araripe é a maior dentre as bacias interiores do Nordeste do Brasil, posicionando-se sobre terrenos cristalinos pré-cambrianos, contendo rochas magmáticas e metamórficas, litologias pertencentes à Zona Transversal da Província Borborema, a sul do Lineamento Patos e a norte do Lineamento Pernambuco. Paralelamente à evolução dos sistemas de aquisição de dados de sensoriamento remoto, surgiram novas abordagens metodológicas em processamento digital de imagens e melhorias em metodologias já existentes, otimizando assim a extração de informações a partir imagens orbitais e aéreas. A integração de dados de sensoriamento remoto óptico e de radar tem favorecido diversos estudos geológicos desde a década de 1970. O uso das imagens de satélite e de radar tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente em estudos geológicos, hidrológicos, geomorfológicos, ecológicos, dentre outros, em particular para análises tanto quantitativas como qualitativas do relevo e seus agentes modificadores. As imagens do Satélite Landsat e dados da missão SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), devido à disponibilidade gratuita e abrangência global, apresentam atualmente predominância nas diferentes aplicações relacionadas com mapeamentos geológicos. Estudos envolvendo sensoriamento remoto geológico tem sido realizado na Bacia do Araripe desde a década de 1960. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contextualizar o estado da arte do sensoriamento remoto geológico na Bacia do Araripe, caracterizando os seus subdomínios do conhecimento – geomorfológico, ambiental e hidrogeológico, a partir dos principais métodos e resultados encontrados nas publicações pré-selecionadas.
Demographic potential of sex-age structure as a factor of population dynamics
Authors: Arkhangelskiy Vladimir N. , Zinkina Yuliya V. , Shulgin Sergey G. 
Published: January 2019

The study aims to assess the sex-age population structure in terms of its impact on the up-coming dynamics of natural increase and, consequently, on the general change in the population size. There are various approaches to assessing this influence, proposed and used by scientists who have studied this aspect of demographic dynamics. This article discusses a relatively simple indica-tor of the sex-age population structure, which allows estimating its future influence on the ratio of births to deaths, and on the natural population growth. The indicator proposed is the so-called demographic potential of the sex-age structure, which is the ratio of female population aged 10–39 to the population of both sexes aged 65 years and older. The number of births in the next 10–15 years largely depends on the size of the first one, while the number of deaths in this period depends on the size of the second one.Before using the demographic potential of the sex-age structure to forecast the dynamics of natural population growth, a retrospective assessment of the relation of this potential with subse-quent natural population growth should be carried out for some particular time point in the past. We chose the sex-age structure of the mid-2000s and the natural increase (per 1000 population) in 2000–2015 for such assessment, accounting for 201 countries. The high value of the correlation coefficient (0.815) indicates that the current sex-age structure and its demographic potential can be used (with varying degrees of conditionality, of course) to forecast the future dynamics of natural growth. In turn, the size of the demographic potential of the sex-age structure of the population depends on the preceding levels of fertility and mortality.An assessment of the demographic potential of the sex-age population structure in mid-2015 for 201 countries of the world showed that in a number of countries in Asia and Africa the value of this potential exceeds 10, so significant natural population growth is highly probable there in the next 10–15 years. Meanwhile, in a number of European countries the value of this potential is less than 1 (i.e., the population aged 65 years and older is larger than the female population aged 10–39 years), which is likely to result in a very small natural increase (in case of a favorable mode of pop-ulation reproduction) or even a natural decline.
T-wave Area Dispersion in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting is Indicative for Increased Risk of Adverse Events in Diabetics
Authors: Simov Dimitar , Christov Ivaylo , Simova Iana 
Published: January 2019

:
Problems in measuring the QT-dispersion are associated mostly with the inaccurate location
of the T-wave end. The complications are: (i) In methodology due to various definition for Tend, (ii) In
automatic measurements, due to low amplitude of T-wave, presence of U-wave and noise, and (iii) In
manual measurements, due to lack of repeatability in the results, and involuntary subjectivism, when
the QT-dispersion is measured by a person familiar with the ultimate goal of the study.

:
New ECG repolarization parameter, ‘T-Wave Area Dispersion’ (TWAD), has been defined by Kenttä
et al. 2018. Clustering ability of TWAD for prediction of risk for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) has
been proven by the authors, working with a large database.

:
We have measured TWAD in peri-, and postoperative ECG recordings of patients, undergoing coronary
artery bypass grafting. Analysis of perioperative TWAD has shown an increased risk of adverse
events in diabetics. Postoperative TWAD parameters have deteriorated proportionally in both diabetics/
non-diabetics groups indicating increased cardiac risk within the first ten postoperative days.

:
The ability for diabetics/non-diabetics clustering of TWAD has been proven even in case of inaccurate
location of the Tend. So far this is a reasonable advantage of TWAD vs. QT-dispersion in the study of
ECG repolarization.
Screening of antioxidant property of Eclipta alba
Authors: Mittal Rohit , Kumar R , Chahal HS 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the possible antioxidant activities of the methanolic extracts of medicinal plants, Eclipta alba. We examined for such properties such as nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity. Free radicals are atoms or molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons on its outer orbital, highly reactive, and could damage cell inside human body. Human body produce antioxidant to neutralize free radicals, but human ageing and stress oxidative conditions would increase the formation of free radicals, therefore an exogenous antioxidant are needed. Asteraceae is the largest family among the plant kingdom, therefore it has a great potential as source of exogenous antioxidant. The flavonoid content of the plant extract was estimated by the method of (Lamaison and Carnat, 1990). Briefly 1.0 ml of plant extract was mixed with 1.0 ml of aluminium chloride reagent and resultant colour was read at 430 nm. The flavonoid content of the extract was expressed as mg quercetin equivalent/gm dry wt. of extract. The coarsely powdered plant materials of Eclipta alba (2000 g) were extracted separately to exhaustion in Soxhlet apparatus for 72 hours by using methanol solvent The crude extract was filtered using 125 mm Whatman® qualitative filter paper under sterile condition. A methanol solution of the sample at various concentrations was added to 0.5 ml of 0.1 mM methanolic solution of DPPH and allowed to stand for 30 min at 25°C in darkness. The absorbance of the sample was measured at 517 nm. A 0.1 mM solution of DPPH in methanol was used as control, whereas ascorbic acid was used as reference standard. The absorbance of the pink chromophore formed during the diazotization of the nitrite with sulphanilamide and the subsequent coupling with naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride was measured at 546 nm. The percentage of inhibition of the extract shown 39% in 25µg and in 100µg it was 73 percent.
Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system of verapamil hydrochloride
Authors: Marapur S C , Wali D S , Hunasagi B S , Chetankumar M , Patil R G 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research was to develop and evaluate a matrix type of transdermal drug delivery system containing Verapamil Hydrochloride. The series of formulations containing Verapamil Hydrochloride were formulated by using different polymers like HPMC (hydrophilic), CAP (hydrophobic) and EC (hydrophobic) in different ratios by solvent evaporation technique. Propylene glycol and Dibutyl phthalate were used as plasticizers. The 20% and 40% of DMSO is used as the penetration enhancer. Formulated transdermal patches were physically evaluated for thickness, weight variation, drug content, flatness, tensile strength, folding endurance, and water vapour transmission rate. The in-vitro drug release study was carried out by using Franz diffusion cell. The data obtained from release study shows increased percentage of drug permeated in 20% of DMSO containing formulation than 40% of DMSO containing formulation. Drug permeation is enhanced in the formulation containing high concentration of HPMC (VH1). The VH2 and VH6 helped in maintaining the rate of release at a constant level (20% DMSO). But in case of 40% DMSO is used as the concentration of CAP increases the rate of permeation increases. Skin irritation study does not show any irritation on the skin of rabbit. There is no possible interaction between drug and polymers in FITR as well as DSC. XRD of selected formulation shows that drug present in the formulation is in crystalline form.
Keywords: Verapamil HCl, HPMC, EC, CAP, DMSO, TDDS, Solvent evaporation
A brief review of some important medicinal plants used in the treatment of asthma
Authors: Patel Arshu P , Siddaiah M. 
Published: January 2019

Asthma is a common disease that is rising in prevalence worldwide with the highest prevalence in industrialized countries. Asthma affects about 300 million people worldwide and it has been estimated that a further 100 million will be affected by 2025. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Folk (Tribal) medicines are the major systems of indigenous medicines. Over three-quarters of the world population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. Unlike many diseases, which can be attributed to the life style of modern man, asthma is an ancient illness. There are number of medicinal plants have been reported for antihistaminic/anti-asthmatic activities like Achyranthes aspera, Tephrosia purpurea, Dolichos lablab, Eclipta alba, Jasminum sambac, Balanites aegyptiaca, Viscum album, Tridex procumbens, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Cassia fistula. Present review is focused on used of medicinal plants for treatment of asthama. It is suggested that formulation and patent of the reported medicinal plants is mandatory for further use against asthma and if possible, clinical trials should be done of these plants for their appropriate use.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Asthma, Mast cells, Antihistaminic.
Physicochemical, Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaf and Bark of Bombax Ceiba L (Red Silk Cotton Tree)
Authors: Karole Sarita , Gautam Girendra , Gupta Shailesh 
Published: January 2019

Bombax ceiba L is a big deciduous tree found in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and Australia. Conventional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani have been highlighted the use of B. ceiba parts (bark, leaves and flower) for the treatment of manydiseases like hypertension, HIV infections, inflammation, catarrhal affection, ulcer, acne, gynecological disorders, fever, dysentery, algesia, hepatotoxicity, piles and urinary infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pharmacognostic, physicochemical, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of leaf and bark of B. ceiba collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. The pharmacognostic studies out in terms of various investigations like organoleptic or morphological characters, microscopic or anatomical studies, physicochemical evaluations (loss on drying, ash value, extractive values and acid insoluble ash value). Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The detail microscopy of bark revealed the presence of cork cell, lignified fibre, calcium oxalate crystals, xylem vessels. Physiochemical parameters such as percentage of foreign matters, ash values, loss on drying swelling index, extractive values were determined. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and glycosides. In the procedure of quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic compound was carried out by aluminium chloride Folins and Ciocalteau reagent method .In this methodthe totalflavonoids content and phenolic content of B. ceiba ethanolic and aqueous barks extracts was found to be 6.272, 3.363 and 2.607, 1.607mg /100mg respectively and total phenolic and flavonoids content of B. ceiba ethanolic, aqueous leaves extracts was found to be 7.381, 4.590 and 3.200, 1.792 mg/100mg respectively. These information will also be helpful to differentiate B. ceiba from the closely related other species. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine.