bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale Selection in the Stratified Convection of the Solar Photosphere
Authors: Kessar Mouloud , Hughes David W. , Kersalé Evy , Mizerski Krzysztof A. , Tobias Steven M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We examine the role of stratification in determining the length scales of turbulent anelastic convection. Motivated by the range of scales observed in convection at the solar photosphere, we perform local numerical simulations of convection for a range of density contrasts in large domains, analyzing both the Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics of the flow. We consider the two cases of constant dynamic viscosity and constant kinematic viscosity. We discuss the implications of our results to the issue of solar mesogranulation.
The Aemulus Project. III. Emulation of the Galaxy Correlation Function
Authors: Zhai Zhongxu , Tinker Jeremy L. , Becker Matthew R. , DeRose Joseph , Mao Yao-Yuan , McClintock Thomas , McLaughlin Sean , Rozo Eduardo , Wechsler Risa H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Using the N-body simulations of the Aemulus Project, we construct an emulator for the nonlinear clustering of galaxies in real and redshift space. We construct our model of galaxy bias using the halo occupation framework, accounting for possible velocity bias. The model includes 15 parameters, including both cosmological and galaxy bias parameters. We demonstrate that our emulator achieves ∼1% precision at the scales of interest, 0.1 h
−1 Mpc < r < 10 h
−1 Mpc, and recovers the true cosmology when tested against independent simulations. Our primary parameters of interest are related to the growth rate of structure, f, and its degenerate combination, fσ
8. Using this emulator, we show that the constraining power on these parameters monotonically increases as smaller scales are included in the analysis, all the way down to 0.1 h
−1 Mpc. For a BOSS-like survey, the constraints on fσ
8 from r < 30 h
−1 Mpc scales alone are nearly a factor of two tighter than those from the fiducial BOSS analysis of redshift-space clustering using perturbation theory at larger scales. The combination of real- and redshift-space clustering allows us to break the degeneracy between f and σ
8, yielding an 11% constraint on f alone for a BOSS-like analysis. The current Aemulus simulations limit this model to surveys of massive galaxies. Future simulations will allow this framework to be extended to all galaxy target types, including emission-line galaxies.
Transition Probabilities of Sc i and Sc ii and Scandium Abundances in the Sun, Arcturus, and HD 84937
Authors: Lawler J. E. , Hala  , Sneden C. , Nave G. , Wood M. P. , Cowan J. J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
New branching fraction (BF) measurements for lines of Sc i and Sc ii from 24 Fourier transform spectra calibrated using standard lamps and the Ar branching ratio method are reported. The BFs for 259 lines are converted to absolute atomic transition probabilities using published radiative lifetimes from laser-induced fluorescence measurements. Detailed comparison to earlier published BF measurements corroborates most of the earlier results, with the exception of the yellow-line multiplet of Sc ii near 17,500 cm−1 or ≈5700 Å. The BFs of lines in this multiplet are found to be systematically too small by several error bars in earlier research. These new lab data on Sc, as well as recent hyperfine-structure studies, are applied to determine the abundance of scandium in the Sun, Arcturus, and HD 84937. General agreement is found with previous scandium abundance determinations in these stars. New consideration of scandium in metal-poor stars confirms that Sc abundances are correlated with Ti and V abundances.
Wideband Polarized Radio Emission from the Newly Revived Magnetar XTE J1810–197
Authors: Dai Shi , Lower Marcus E. , Bailes Matthew , Camilo Fernando , Halpern Jules P. , Johnston Simon , Kerr Matthew , Reynolds John , Sarkissian John , Scholz Paul 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The anomalous X-ray pulsar XTE J1810−197 was the first magnetar found to emit pulsed radio emission. After spending almost a decade in a quiescent, radio-silent state, the magnetar was reported to have undergone a radio outburst in 2018 December. We observed radio pulsations from XTE J1810−197 during this early phase of its radio revival using the Ultra-Wideband Low receiver system of the Parkes radio telescope, obtaining wideband (704–4032 MHz) polarization pulse profiles, single pulses, and flux density measurements. Dramatic changes in polarization and rapid variations of the position angle of linear polarization across the main pulse and in time have been observed. The pulse profile exhibits similar structures throughout our three observations (over a week timescale), displaying a small amount of profile evolution in terms of polarization and pulse width across the wideband. We measured a flat radio spectrum across the band with a positive spectral index, in addition to small levels of flux and spectral index variability across our observing span. The observed wideband polarization properties are significantly different compared to those taken after the 2003 outburst, and therefore provide new information about the origin of radio emission.
First Observations of Irregular Surface of Interplanetary Shocks at Ion Scales by Cluster
Authors: Kajdič Primož , Preisser Luis , Blanco-Cano Xóchitl , Burgess David , Trotta Domenico 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present the first observational evidence of the irregular surface of interplanetary (IP) shocks by using multispacecraft observations of the Cluster mission. In total we discuss observations of four IP shocks that exhibit moderate Alfvénic Mach numbers (M
A ≤ 6.5). Three of them are high-β shocks with upstream β = 2.2–3.7. During the times when these shocks were observed, the Cluster spacecraft formed constellations with inter-spacecraft separations ranging from less than one upstream ion inertial length (d

i
) up to 100 d

i
. Expressed in kilometers, the distances ranged between 38 km and ∼104 km. We show that magnetic field profiles and the local shock normals of observed shocks are very similar when the spacecraft are of the order of one d

i
apart, but are strikingly different when the distances increase to 10 or more d

i
. We interpret these differences to be due to the irregular surface of IP shocks and discuss possible causes for such irregularity. We strengthen our interpretation by comparing observed shock profiles with profiles of simulated shocks. The latter had similar characteristics (M
A, θ

BN
, upstream ion β) as observed shocks and the profiles were obtained at separations across the simulation domain equivalent to the Cluster inter-spacecraft distances.
Still Missing Dark Matter: KCWI High-resolution Stellar Kinematics of NGC1052-DF2
Authors: Danieli Shany , van Dokkum Pieter , Conroy Charlie , Abraham Roberto , Romanowsky Aaron J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The velocity dispersion of the ultra diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 was found to be

km s−1, much lower than expected from the stellar mass–halo mass relation and nearly identical to the expected value from the stellar mass alone. This result was based on the radial velocities of 10 luminous globular clusters that were assumed to be associated with the galaxy. A more precise measurement is possible from high-resolution spectroscopy of the diffuse stellar light. Here we present an integrated spectrum of the diffuse light of NGC1052-DF2 obtained with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), with an instrumental resolution of σ
instr ≈ 12 km s−1. The systemic velocity of the galaxy is v
sys = 1805 ± 1.1 km s−1, in very good agreement with the average velocity of the globular clusters (

km s−1). There is no evidence for rotation within the KCWI field of view. We find a stellar velocity dispersion of

km s−1, consistent with the dispersion that was derived from the globular clusters. The implied dynamical mass within the half-light radius r
1/2 = 2.7 kpc is M
dyn = (1.3 ± 0.8) × 108
M
⊙, similar to the stellar mass within that radius (M
stars = (1.0 ± 0.2) × 108
M
⊙). With this confirmation of the low velocity dispersion of NGC1052-DF2, the most urgent question is whether this “missing dark matter problem” is unique to this galaxy or applies more widely.
High-drag Interstellar Objects and Galactic Dynamical Streams
Authors: Eubanks T. M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The nature of 1I/’Oumuamua (henceforth, 1I), the first interstellar object (ISO) known to pass through the solar system, remains mysterious. Feng & Jones noted that the incoming 1I velocity vector “at infinity” (

) is close to the motion of the Pleiades dynamical stream (or Local Association), and suggested that 1I is a young object ejected from a star in that stream. Micheli et al. subsequently detected nongravitational acceleration in the 1I trajectory; this acceleration would not be unusual in an active comet, but 1I observations failed to reveal any signs of activity. Bialy & Loeb hypothesized that the anomalous 1I acceleration was instead due to radiation pressure, which would require an extremely low mass-to-area ratio (or area density). Here I show that a low area density can also explain the very close kinematic association of 1I and the Pleiades stream, as it renders 1I subject to drag capture by interstellar gas clouds. This supports the radiation pressure hypothesis and suggests that there is a significant population of low area density ISOs in the Galaxy, leading, through gas drag, to enhanced ISO concentrations in the galactic dynamical streams. Any ISO entrained in a dynamical stream will have a predictable incoming

targeted deep surveys using this information should be able to find dynamical stream objects from months to as much as a year before their perihelion, providing the lead time needed for fast-response missions for the future in situ exploration of such objects.
Vers une autre institution universitaire ? L’expérience paritaire au CLU de Brest en mai-juin 1968
Authors: Porhel Vincent 
Published: March 2019

Mai-juin 1968 a profondément bousculé l’université
française. Des premières contestations étudiantes le 3 mai 1968 à la
loi Faure en septembre 1969 qui semble prendre la mesure du malaise
pourtant discernable avant les événements se déploie une séquence
étudiante sur fond de crise sociale massive. Si les étudiants et les
étudiantes contestent volontiers dans la rue, on ne peut passer sous
silence le très important travail de réflexion sur l’avenir des
universités qui s’est fait durant les évènements dans les
amphithéâtres universitaires, mené tant par les étudiants que par les
enseignants. Pourtant nous n’avons que peu de traces de ces réflexions
notamment au niveau local. L’exemple du Collège Littéraire
Universitaire de Brest constitue l’occasion d’évoquer les
questionnements et les actions menées par une communauté universitaire
située à la pointe de la Bretagne, communauté dont les
caractéristiques, tant sociales que culturelles, tranchent avec les
représentations nationales voire parisiennes. Pour autant, ce moment
de réflexion participe également de l’affirmation de la nécessité
d’une évolution tant politique que sociale propre à toute une
génération.
Diversity of KIR, HLA Class I, and Their Interactions in Seven Populations of Sub-Saharan Africans
Authors: Nemat-Gorgani Neda , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Henn Brenna M. , Norberg Steven J. , Chiaroni Jacques , Sikora Martin , Quintana-Murci Lluis , Mountain Joanna L. , Norman Paul J. , Parham Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
HLA class I and KIR sequences were determined for Dogon, Fulani, and Baka populations of western Africa, Mbuti of central Africa, and Datooga, Iraqw, and Hadza of eastern Africa. Study of 162 individuals identified 134 HLA class I alleles (41 HLA-A, 60 HLA-B, and 33 HLA-C). Common to all populations are three HLA-C alleles (C1+C*07:01, C1+C*07:02, and C2+C*06:02) but no HLA-A or -B. Unexpectedly, no novel HLA class I was identified in these previously unstudied and anthropologically distinctive populations. In contrast, of 227 KIR detected, 22 are present in all seven populations and 28 are novel. A high diversity of HLA A-C-B haplotypes was observed. In six populations, most haplotypes are represented just once. But in the Hadza, a majority of haplotypes occur more than once, with 2 having high frequencies and 10 having intermediate frequencies. The centromeric (cen) part of the KIR locus exhibits an even balance between cenA and cenB in all seven populations. The telomeric (tel) part has an even balance of telA to telB in East Africa, but this changes across the continent to where telB is vestigial in West Africa. All four KIR ligands (A3/11, Bw4, C1, and C2) are present in six of the populations. HLA haplotypes of the Iraqw and Hadza encode two KIR ligands, whereas the other populations have an even balance between haplotypes encoding one and two KIR ligands. Individuals in these African populations have a mean of 6.8–8.4 different interactions between KIR and HLA class I, compared with 2.9–6.5 for non-Africans.
Communicating the amount of windstorm induced forest damage by the maximum wind gust speed in Finland
Authors: Valta Hannu , Lehtonen Ilari , Laurila Terhi K. , Venäläinen Ari , Laapas Mikko , Gregow Hilppa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Windstorms are natural disturbance agents in forests playing a role in
natural forest regeneration. In Finland, the most severe individual
windstorms have commonly damaged 2–4 million m3 of timber. In addition
to financial losses caused to forest owners, windthrown trees have in many
cases seriously disrupted the functionality of the national power grid.
Communicating windstorm risks in duty forecasting is difficult. In this
study, we aimed at developing windstorm impact estimates for forest damage in
Finland to help the forecaster to improve communication of the risks of
windstorms. We have compared the volume of forest damage caused by the most
intense windstorms in Finland during the recent decade to the observed
maximum inland wind gust speeds associated with the same windstorms. It was
found out that the volume of forest damage follows approximately a power
relation as a function of wind gust speed with a power of ∼10. This is
a tentative estimate because of a short time series and small number of
inspected windstorms. Moreover, also wind direction, location of the affected
area and soil properties among other factors have an impact to the amount of
damage as illustrated in our inspection. Despite the shortness of the time
series, we believe that our results demonstrating the steep increase in the
impacts of windstorms with an increasing windstorm intensity are valuable.
However, more detailed investigations with longer time series are needed in
order to more specifically communicate the windstorm risks and their impacts
in boreal forests.
Drought reduces tree growing season length but increases nitrogen resorption efficiency in a Mediterranean ecosystem
Authors: Lobo-do-Vale Raquel , Kurz Besson Cathy , Caldeira Maria Conceição , Chaves Maria Manuela , Pereira João Santos 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Mediterranean ecosystems are hotspots for climate change, as the
highest impacts are forecasted for the Mediterranean region, mainly by more
frequent and intense severe droughts. Plant phenology is a good indicator of
species' responses to climate change. In this study, we compared the spring
phenology of cork oak trees (Quercus suber), an evergreen species,
over 2 contrasting years, a mild year (2004) and a dry year (2005), which
was the most severe drought since records exist. We evaluated the timing of
occurrence, duration, and intensity of bud development, budburst, shoot
elongation, trunk growth, and leaf senescence (phenophases) and assessed the
nitrogen resorption efficiency from senescent to green leaves. The
temperature was the main driver of budburst. Nevertheless, water had the main
role of constraining all the other phenophases by strongly reducing the growing
season length (−48 %) and consequently the tree growth. Basal area
increment was the most affected growth variable (−36 %), although
it occurred at a similar rate in the 2 years. Shoot elongation was also
reduced (−21 %), yet elongation occurred at a higher rate in the dry
year compared to the mild year. Leaf senescence during the bulk period was higher
in the dry year, in which leaves were shed at the same rate over a longer
period. Nitrogen concentrations in green and senescent leaves were affected
by drought and nitrogen resorption efficiency increased remarkably
(+22 %). Our results highlight the importance of studying different
phenological metrics to improve our understanding of the ecosystem's responses
to climate change. The faster dynamics observed in shoot elongation, while
all other phenophases developed at the same rate, indicate that leaf area
development is privileged in cork oak. Water availability was the main driver
of spring growth in this Mediterranean ecosystem; however, growth may be
affected by complex interplays between precipitation and temperature, such as
higher temperatures during dry winters or heatwaves during spring, that are
likely to result in water stress. Longer studies are needed to disentangle
those interplays. Finally, a higher nitrogen resorption efficiency in
response to drought appears to be an adaptive trait that mitigates the
limitation in nitrogen uptake by the roots during drought and contributes to
improving tree fitness in the short term but will probably exert a negative
feedback on the nitrogen cycle in the long term, which might affect the
ecosystem functioning under the forecasted droughts.
A VIOLÊNCIA E OS CONTOS: ANÁLISE DA SUAVIZAÇÃO DE CONTEÚDOS VIOLENTOS EM A BELA ADORMECIDA
Authors: Lisboa Joel Victor Reis 
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar a possível suavização de conteúdos originalmente violentos em uma versão mais antiga e uma mais recente do conto A Bela Adormecida, sendo elas: 1) Sole, Luna e Talia (1634), escrito pelo italiano Giambattista Basile (1575?-1632) e a releitura do mesmo conto, intitulada La Belle au bois dormant (1697), escrita pelo francês Charles Perrault (1628-1703). Ademais, temos como objetivos específicos explorar o contexto socio-histórico das duas versões do conto em questão, assim como levantar variáveis que possam ter contribuído para a eventual ressignificação dos dados referentes à violência. Como procedimentos metodológicos, primeiramente foi feita a leitura da tradução do conto mais antigo, com o intuito de identificar e coletar as manifestações de violência e, em seguida, realizamos a leitura da versão mais recente, a fim de entender a ressignificação dos dados referentes à violência. Na sequência foi feita a exposição de modificações identificadas a partir da leitura das duas versões do conto e, por fim, fizemos a revisão da literatura afim de explorar o panorama sócio-histórico em busca de possíveis variáveis que contribuíram para a eventual suavização de tais conteúdos de teor violento. De acordo com Darnton (1988, p. 26), “os contos populares são documentos históricos, surgiram ao longo de muitos séculos e sofreram diferentes transformações, em diferentes tradições culturais”. Em vista disso, é relevante que haja estudos exploratórios que busquem explicações para essas modificações nos elementos que compunham os contos originais fazendo relações com os momentos históricos a que as diferentes versões dos contos de fadas pertencem. Esperamos por meio desse trabalho estimular a reflexão sobre a relação entre sociedade e produção literária em diferentes momentos da história.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Liu Maggie 
Published: March 2019

Aquatic Science and Technology (AST) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AST publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1Augusto E. Serrano, University of the Philippines Visayas, The PhilippinesDavid Kerstetter, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, USALevent BAT, Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, TurkeyTai-Sheng Cheng, National University of Taiwan, Taiwan Maggie LiuAquatic Science and TechnologyMacrothink Institute*************************************5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesTel: 1-702-953-1852 ext. 524Fax: 1-702-420-2900E-mail: ast@macrothink.orgWebsite: http://ast.macrothink.org
Applications of Moderation Analysis for Music Education Research
Authors: Lorah Julie Ann , Miksza Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential that moderation hypotheses hold for yielding insights into the complex processes of music teaching and learning. We begin with a discussion of the conceptual relevance of moderation hypotheses to music education research by drawing from a compelling example in the extant literature. This is followed by a brief review and critique of how moderation hypotheses and the concomitant statistical interaction effects have been presented and interpreted in recent research articles in the Journal of Research in Music Education. We offer recommendations to increase the robustness of the theoretical foundations from which moderation hypotheses are generated and the consistency of the ways statistical analyses are reported and interpreted. Next, we provide an illustration of basic statistical models that are useful for testing moderation hypotheses. We then provide an example of moderation analyses in linear regression and ANOVA frameworks as well as advice for reporting the results of these analyses. The examples we present employ real data consisting of 190 collegiate music students’ reports of self-regulated learning processes and motivational beliefs. A summary list of recommendations for readers to consider when conducting their own research is provided.
Life as a Cyclops: Mythology and the Mockery of the Visually Impaired
Authors: Draycott Jane 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article examines a number of cases in ancient literature in which a visually impaired individual is equated with the Cyclopes: such an individual might be one-eyed, blind in one or both eyes, or simply have poor eyesight. It suggests several reasons why these mythological figures were utilized in this way and seeks to explain what, precisely, the individuals making these allusions were aiming to accomplish. It seems likely that it was Polyphemus rather than any of antiquity’s other Cyclopes that was intended, and while it could have been his single eye that was the prime motivator, it is notable that he is portrayed in different ways before and after his blinding by Odysseus, and aspects of these portrayals could also have been relevant when insulting the visually impaired.
Animal Ethics Based on Friendship: A Reply
Authors: Causey Mark 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article critiques Fröding and Peterson’s (2011) account of friendship developed in their article “Animal Ethics Based on Friendship.” I deny their central claim that friendship between a farmer qua farmer and her cow is even possible. Further, I argue that even if such a relationship were possible, the lack of such a relation on our part in the case of free-living animals does not, contrary to their claim, give us moral license to eat them. I suggest that even though Fröding and Peterson’s friendship differential does not do the work it is intended to do, virtue ethics has other resources to help us discover a more virtuous relationship with animals.