bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Stepfamily Functioning, Marital Quality, and Steprelationship Quality
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Jensen Todd , Sanner Caroline , Russell Luke , Coleman Marilyn , Chapman Ashton 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether marital dynamics within remarried couples (in the form of perceived quality and confidence) or perceptions of stepparent–stepchild relationship quality were more strongly associated with stepfamily functioning.BackgroundStepfamilies are common in the United States, and identifying factors central to healthy stepfamily functioning is an important task. Some stepfamily clinicians contend that steprelationships may be more closely related to overall stepfamily functioning than remarriage quality, although empirical support for this assertion is limited.MethodHeterosexual remarried couples (N = 291) responded to online surveys asking about marital quality, marital confidence, stepparent–stepchild relationship quality, and stepfamily functioning (i.e., stepfamily cohesion, expressiveness, and harmony). Data were analyzed using actor–partner interdependence modeling in a structural equation modeling framework.ResultsMarital dynamics were somewhat more strongly associated with stepfamily functioning than stepparent–stepchild relationship quality, although both were positively associated with stepfamily functioning. Confidence in the future of the marriage had a slightly stronger association with stepfamily functioning than did marital quality. Actor effects were more often statistically associated with stepfamily functioning than were partner effects for both stepparents and biological parents.ConclusionFindings validate a family systems approach to strengthening stepfamily functioning by highlighting the joint and unique contributions of both marital dynamics and stepparent–stepchild relationship quality.ImplicationsClinicians and educators working with stepfamilies should attend to both promoting positive, emotionally close steprelationships and strong marital bonds and confidence in higher order marriages.
Contrasting consequences of climate change for migratory geese: Predation, density dependence and carryover effects offset benefits of high‐arctic warming
Authors: Layton‐Matthews Kate , Hansen Brage Bremset , Grøtan Vidar , Fuglei Eva , Loonen Maarten J. J. E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClimate change is most rapid in the Arctic, posing both benefits and challenges for migratory herbivores. However, population‐dynamic responses to climate change are generally difficult to predict, due to concurrent changes in other trophic levels. Migratory species are also exposed to contrasting climate trends and density regimes over the annual cycle. Thus, determining how climate change impacts their population dynamics requires an understanding of how weather directly or indirectly (through trophic interactions and carryover effects) affects reproduction and survival across migratory stages, while accounting for density dependence. Here, we analyse the overall implications of climate change for a local non‐hunted population of high‐arctic Svalbard barnacle geese,Branta leucopsis, using 28 years of individual‐based data. By identifying the main drivers of reproductive stages (egg production, hatching and fledging) and age‐specific survival rates, we quantify their impact on population growth. Recent climate change in Svalbard enhanced egg production and hatching success through positive effects of advanced spring onset (snow melt) and warmer summers (i.e. earlier vegetation green‐up) respectively. Contrastingly, there was a strong temporal decline in fledging probability due to increased local abundance of the Arctic fox, the main predator. While weather during the non‐breeding season influenced geese through a positive effect of temperature (UK wintering grounds) on adult survival and a positive carryover effect of rainfall (spring stopover site in Norway) on egg production, these covariates showed no temporal trends. However, density‐dependent effects occurred throughout the annual cycle, and the steadily increasing total flyway population size caused negative trends in overwinter survival and carryover effects on egg production. The combination of density‐dependent processes and direct and indirect climate change effects across life history stages appeared to stabilize local population size. Our study emphasizes the need for holistic approaches when studying population‐dynamic responses to global change in migratory species.
Prevention is better than cure: Persian Gulf biodiversity vulnerability to the impacts of desalination plants
Authors: Sharifinia Moslem , Afshari Bahmanbeigloo Zahra , Smith Walker O. , Yap Chee Kong , Keshavarzifard Mehrzad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to extremely high rates of evaporation and low precipitation in the Persian Gulf, discharges from desalination plants (DPs) can lead to ecological stresses by increasing water temperatures, salinities, and heavy metal concentrations, as well as decreasing dissolved oxygen levels. We discuss the potential ecological impacts of DPs on marine organisms and propose mitigating measures to reduce the problems induced by DPs discharges. The daily capacity of DPs in the Persian Gulf exceeds 11 million m3 per day, which is approximately half of global daily freshwater production; multistage flash distillation (MSF) is the dominant desalination process. Results from field and laboratory studies indicate that there are potentially serious and chronic threats to marine communities following exposure to DP discharges, especially within the zoobenthos, echinodermata, seagrasses, and coral reefs. DP discharges can lead to decreases in sensitive species, plankton abundance, hard substrate epifauna, and growth rates of seagrasses. However, the broad applicability of any one of these impacts is currently hard to scale because of the limited number of studies that have been conducted to assess the ecological impacts of DP discharge on Persian Gulf organisms. Even so, available data suggest that appropriately sited, designed, and operated DPs combined with current developments in impingement and entrainment reduction technology can mitigate many of the negative environmental impacts of DPs.
Serious mismatches continue between science and policy in forest bioenergy
Authors: Norton Michael , Baldi Andras , Buda Vicas , Carli Bruno , Cudlin Pavel , Jones Mike B. , Korhola Atte , Michalski Rajmund , Novo Francisco , Oszlányi Július , Santos Filpe Duarte , Schink Bernhard , Shepherd John , Vet Louise , Walloe Lars , Wijkman Anders 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the production of pellets derived from forestry biomass to replace coal for electricity generation has been increasing, with over 10 million tonnes traded internationally—primarily between United States and Europe but with an increasing trend to Asia. Critical to this trade is the classification of woody biomass as ‘renewable energy’ and thus eligible for public subsidies. However, much scientific study on the net effect of this trend suggests that it is having the opposite effect to that expected of renewable energy, by increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide for substantial periods of time. This review, based on recent work by Europe's Academies of Science, finds that current policies are failing to recognize that removing forest carbon stocks for bioenergy leads to an initial increase in emissions. Moreover, the periods during which atmospheric CO2 levels are raised before forest regrowth can reabsorb the excess emissions are incompatible with the urgency of reducing emissions to comply with the objectives enshrined in the Paris Agreement. We consider how current policy might be reformed to reduce negative impacts on climate and argue for a more realistic science‐based assessment of the potential of forest bioenergy in substituting for fossil fuels. The length of time atmospheric concentrations of CO2 increase is highly dependent on the feedstocks and we argue for regulations to explicitly require these to be sources with short payback periods. Furthermore, we describe the current United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change accounting rules which allow imported biomass to be treated as zero emissions at the point of combustion and urge their revision to remove the risk of these providing incentives to import biomass with negative climate impacts. Reforms such as these would allow the industry to evolve to methods and scales which are more compatible with the basic purpose for which it was designed.
Solution combustion synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles as corrosion inhibitor
Authors: Ghahramani Zahra , Arabi Amir Masoud , Shafiee Afarani Mahdi , Mahdavian Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, combustion synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles was reported using cerium nitrate hexahydrate as starting material as well as urea, glycine, glucose, and citric acid as fuels. The influence of fuel type on structure, microstructure, band gap, and corrosion inhibition was investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed that CeO2 nanoparticles with different morphologies were obtained depending on the fuel type. Microstructural changes from unreacted gel to sponge‐like morphologies were resulted by varying the fuel type from urea, glycine, and glucose to citric acid. In addition to Ce–O bonds, Fourier transform infrared analysis showed carbon bonds of carbonaceous compositions from incomplete combustion which were declined during combustion reaction. Furthermore, corrosion analyses showed that samples synthesized using urea fuel released the most Ce+4 ions and could have better protection than other samples.
Chemically modified resistant starch in breadmaking: Impact on bone, mineral metabolism and gut health of growing Wistar rats
Authors: Correa María Jimena , Giannuzzi Leda , Weisstaub Adriana R. , Zuleta Angela , Ferrero Cristina 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe effect of chemically modified resistant starch (RS) included in bread formulation on bone and gut health of growing male Wistar rats was studied. In order to determine the functional properties and the prebiotic potential of RS, three groups of rats were assayed: a control group (CD), a group fed with a diet including RS (RSD) and a group fed with a diet containing bread with RS (BRSD). Rats that consumed BRSD exhibited lower daily intake indicating that more satiety is reached with this food and this group presented similar calcium absorption than control rats. In addition, an increase in bone mineral content and bone mineral density and better intestinal balance as reflected by higher lactobacilli/enterobacteria ratio was observed in rats fed with both sources of RS. Thus, these results show a prebiotic role of RS that is maintained when RS is included in a bread formulation.
Application of heat and a home exercise program for pain and function levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karadağ Songül , Taşci Sultan , Doğan Nurhan , Demir Hüseyin , Kiliç Züleyha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the effect of application of superficial local heat and a home exercise program on pain and function levels to patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis.MethodsThis study was conducted in Turkey between January 2014 and February 2015. The sample group of the study consisted of 62 patients with osteoarthritis; 15 assigned to heat application, 15 to exercise, 15 to exercise after heat application, and 17 for the control group. While the patients in the control group received routine treatment only, the patients in the intervention group were treated with heat application, exercise, or exercise after heat application, suggested for 5 days a week for 4 weeks in addition to routine treatment.ResultsIn this study, all of the intervention groups had decreases in Visual Analogue Scale Pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain, stiffness, and function scores when compared with the control group. It was found that this decrease in Visual Analogue Scale Pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores was mostly in the exercise group, but this condition was not statistically significant.ConclusionsAs a result, it is recommended that nurses train patients with osteoarthritis on heat application and home exercises and encourage them to apply these practices.
Trois scénarios pour l'avenir du travail
Authors: MÉDA Dominique 
Published: August 2019

RésuméAprès avoir rappelé l'histoire longue du concept de travail et les différentes significations attachées au terme au cours des siècles, l'auteure analyse le rapport des Européens à cette valeur, ainsi que les conséquences sur le travail et l'emploi du discours en vogue sur la révolution technologique et ses effets «inéluctables». Elle envisage ensuite l'avenir du travail à la lumière de trois scénarios, celui du «démantèlement du droit du travail», celui de la «révolution technologique» (qui postule la fin de l'emploi par l'automatisation) et celui de la «reconversion écologique», dernier modèle compatible avec l'impératif environnemental, mais aussi avec les attentes placées sur le travail et l'emploi.
Vacuum curcumin infusion in cooked oysters (Crassostrea gigas) to increase their shelf life
Authors: Koop Betina L. , Cargnin Mariana A. , Fidler Fernanda , Ribeiro Deise H. B. , de Campos Carlos E. M. , Soares Lenilton S. , Monteiro Alcilene R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurcumin solutions were infused into cooked oysters by vacuum and the best solution was chosen to inhibit growth of total mesophilic and total psychrophilic bacteria in oysters during storage. Shelled cooked oysters were immersed in three different curcumin solutions (130 μg/mL): tween, ethanol (3.5% of alcohol), and white wine (3.5% of alcohol). Oysters immersed in curcumin solution were subjected to vacuum‐infusion at 200 mbar for 20 min. Raman spectra showed that curcumin was present in all solutions. However, the oysters infused with curcumin white wine solution showed best results. After that, oysters were immersed in curcumin white wine solution and vacuum‐infused under 200 mbar for 1, 3, and 20 min, packaged and stored at 4°C for 14 days. 27.30 μg of curcumin/g of oyster infused into oysters for 20 min was the most effective concentration against mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria during storage. The physicochemical characteristics of oysters were preserved.Practical ApplicationCurcumin is a bioactive compound with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and was used in this research. Positive antimicrobial effect was observed through increased shelf life of cooked oysters, opening up possibilities for industrial purposes. In addition, the vacuum infusion can be an alternative for incorporation of natural additives in food products as a substitute with chemical additives.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone after a single intramuscular or intravascular injection in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)
Authors: Kruse Tamara N. , Messenger Kristen M. , Bowman Andrew S. , Aarnes Turi K. , Wittum Thomas E. , Flint Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone was performed in mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) after single bolus injections of 10 mg/kg administered intramuscularly (IM;n = 10) or intravenously (IV;n = 10), in a randomized cross‐over design with a washout period between doses. Mean (±SD)Cmaxfollowing IM injection was 1.6 (±0.8) µg/ml withTmaxat 15.0 (±10.5) min. Area under the curve (AUC) was 84.66 and 104.58 min*mg/ml following IV and IM administration, respectively. Volume of distribution (VD) after IV dose was 3.0 L/kg. The mean plasma clearance after 10 mg/kg IV was 139.5 (±67.9) ml min−1 kg−1. Elimination half‐lives (mean [±SD]) were 15.0 and 16.1 (±3.0) min following IV and IM administration, respectively. Mean bioavailability at 10 mg/kg IM was 108.6%. None of the ducks achieved a sufficient anesthetic depth for invasive procedures, such as surgery, to be performed. Heart and respiratory rates measured after administration remained stable, but many ducks were hyperexcitable during recovery. Based on sedation levels and duration, alfaxalone administered at dosages of 10 mg/kg IV or IM in mallard ducks does not induce clinically acceptable anesthesia.
Ensuring a healthy approach to long‐term weight management: Review of the Slimming World programme
Authors: Coe S. , Spiro A. , Lockyer S. , Stanner S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWeight management programmes have been shown to be effective interventions that encourage clinically relevant weight loss. The aim of a weight management programme is not only to achieve weight loss, but also to support long‐term weight maintenance and for that reason their suitability in helping people to meet the key dietary recommendations for health must be considered. The British Nutrition Foundation was asked to investigate whether the Slimming World weight management programme is consistent with current nutrient and food‐based recommendations, and whether Slimming World members following the programme are typically eating diets meeting these recommendations in the ‘real world’. This was to help inform any potential refinements to their dietary approach. A three‐stage approach included a review of Slimming World's dietary approach resources, nutritional analysis of Slimming World's example menu plans and dietary analysis of 40 7‐day weighed food diaries completed by adult female Slimming World members. The Slimming World dietary approach reflects many of the main messages in the UK's Eatwell Guide and generally accepted healthy eating advice. Several observations were made with indications for potential changes in relation to key food groups. Nutritional analysis of the 7‐day menu plans suggests that a Slimming World member following a provided example menu plan could meet many of the UK dietary recommendations that were analysed in this review. Food diary analysis suggests the Slimming World study sample on average met dietary recommendations for total fat, saturated fat, calcium, salt and 5 A DAY. In comparison, national dietary surveys report that the average UK adult female population meets the total fat and calcium recommendations, but is not meeting the recommendations for saturated fat, salt and 5 A DAY. The study sample did not meet the recommendations for intakes of fibre and free sugars and oil‐rich fish, but these were still closer to recommendations than the average UK adult female population. High intakes of red and processed meat and alcohol were observed amongst some of the study sample. Overall, the findings suggest that despite a reduction in energy intake, adult females following this weight management programme may be consuming a diet that more closely meets UK dietary guidelines when compared with the average UK adult female population.
Negative regulators of plant immunity derived from cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases are targeted by multiple Phytophthora Avr3a‐like effectors
Authors: Li Tingting , Wang Qinhu , Feng Ruirui , Li Licai , Ding Liwen , Fan Guangjin , Li Weiwei , Du Yu , Zhang Meixiang , Huang Guiyan , Schäfer Patrick , Meng Yuling , Tyler Brett M. , Shan Weixing 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous effectors to manipulate host immunity. While some effectors share a conserved structural fold, it remains unclear if any have conserved host targets. Avr3a‐like family effectors, which are related to Phytophthora infestans effector PiAvr3a and are widely distributed across diverse clades of Phytophthora species, were used to study this question.

By using yeast‐two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation assays, we identified members of the plant cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (CAD7) subfamily as targets of multiple Avr3a‐like effectors from Phytophthora pathogens.

The CAD7 subfamily has expanded in plant genomes but lost the lignin biosynthetic activity of canonical CAD subfamilies. In turn, we identified CAD7s as negative regulators of plant immunity that are induced by Phytophthora infection. Moreover, AtCAD7 was stabilized by Avr3a‐like effectors and involved in suppression of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity, including callose deposition, reactive oxygen species burst and WRKY33 expression.

Our results reveal CAD7 subfamily proteins as negative regulators of plant immunity that are exploited by multiple Avr3a‐like effectors to promote infection in different host plants.
Immortalization of porcine hepatocytes with a α‐1,3‐galactosyltransferase knockout background
Authors: Wang Quancheng , Zhang Xuan , Wang Bo , Bai Ge , Pan Dengke , Yang Peijun , Tao Kaishan , Li Xiao , Dou Kefeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn vivo pig liver xenotransplantation preclinical trials appear to have poor efficiency compared to heart or kidney xenotransplantation because of xenogeneic rejection, including coagulopathy, and particularly thrombocytopenia. In contrast, ex vivo pig liver (wild type) perfusion systems have been proven to be effective in “bridging” liver failure patients until subsequent liver allotransplantation, and transgenic (human CD55/CD59) modifications have even prolonged the duration of pig liver perfusion. Despite the fact that hepatocyte cell lines have also been proposed for extracorporeal blood circulation in conditions of acute liver failure, porcine hepatocyte cell lines, and the GalT‐KO background in particular, have not been developed and applied in this field. Herein, we established immortalized wild‐type and GalT‐KO porcine hepatocyte cell lines, which can be used for artificial liver support systems, cell transplantation, and even in vitro studies of xenotransplantation.MethodsPrimary hepatocytes extracted from GalT‐KO and wild‐type pigs were transfected with SV40 LT lentivirus to establish immortalized GalT‐KO porcine hepatocytes (GalT‐KO‐hep) and wild‐type porcine hepatocytes (WT). Hepatocyte biomarkers and function‐related genes were assessed by immunofluorescence, periodic acid‐Schiff staining, indocyanine green (ICG) uptake, biochemical analysis, ELISA, and RT‐PCR. Furthermore, the tumorigenicity of immortalized cells was detected. In addition, a complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay was performed with GalT‐KO‐hep and WT cells. Cell death and viability rates were assessed by flow cytometry and CCK‐8 assay.ResultsGalT‐KO and wild‐type porcine hepatocytes were successfully immortalized and maintained the characteristics of primary porcine hepatocytes, including albumin secretion, ICG uptake, urea and glycogen production, and expression of hepatocyte marker proteins and specific metabolic enzymes. GalT‐KO‐hep and WT cells were confirmed as having no tumorigenicity. In addition, GalT‐KO‐hep cells showed less apoptosis and more viability than WT cells when exposed to complement and xenogeneic serum.ConclusionsTwo types of immortalized cell lines of porcine hepatocytes with GalT‐KO and wild‐type backgrounds were successfully established. GalT‐KO‐hep cells exhibited higher viability and injury resistance against a xenogeneic immune response.