bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialized psychotherapies for adults with borderline personality disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oud Matthijs , Arntz Arnoud , Hermens Marleen LM , Verhoef Rogier , Kendall Tim 
Published: August 2018

Objective: Borderline personality disorder affects up to 2% of the population and is associated with poor functioning, low quality of life and increased mortality. Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice, but it is unclear whether specialized psychotherapies (dialectical behavior therapy, mentalization-based treatment, transference-focused therapy and schema therapy) are more effective than non-specialized approaches (e.g. protocolized psychological treatment, general psychiatric management). The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of these psychotherapies. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched from inception to November 2017. Included randomized controlled trials were assessed on risk of bias and outcomes were meta-analyzed. Confidence in the results was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method. The review has been reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 20 studies with 1375 participants were included. Specialized psychotherapies, when compared to treatment as usual or community treatment by experts, were associated with a medium effect based on moderate quality evidence on overall borderline personality disorder severity (standardized mean difference = –0.59 [95% confidence interval: –0.90, –0.28]), and dialectical behavior therapy, when compared to treatment as usual, with a small to medium effect on self-injury (standardized mean difference = –0.40 [95% confidence interval: –0.66, –0.13]). Other effect estimates were often inconclusive, mostly due to imprecision. Conclusion: There is moderate quality evidence that specialized psychotherapies are effective in reducing overall borderline personality disorder severity. However, further research should identify which patient groups profit most of the specialized therapies.
Automation Expectation Mismatch: Incorrect Prediction Despite Eyes on Threat and Hands on Wheel
Authors: Victor Trent W. , Tivesten Emma , Gustavsson Pär , Johansson Joel , Sangberg Fredrik , Ljung Aust Mikael 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand how to secure driver supervision engagement and conflict intervention performance while using highly reliable (but not perfect) automation. Background: Securing driver engagement—by mitigating irony of automation (i.e., the better the automation, the less attention drivers will pay to traffic and the system, and the less capable they will be to resume control) and by communicating system limitations to avoid mental model misconceptions—is a major challenge in the human factors literature. Method: One hundred six drivers participated in three test-track experiments in which we studied driver intervention response to conflicts after driving highly reliable but supervised automation. After 30 min, a conflict occurred wherein the lead vehicle cut out of lane to reveal a conflict object in the form of either a stationary car or a garbage bag. Results: Supervision reminders effectively maintained drivers’ eyes on path and hands on wheel. However, neither these reminders nor explicit instructions on system limitations and supervision responsibilities prevented 28% (21/76) of drivers from crashing with their eyes on the conflict object (car or bag). Conclusion: The results uncover the important role of expectation mismatches, showing that a key component of driver engagement is cognitive (understanding the need for action), rather than purely visual (looking at the threat), or having hands on wheel. Application: Automation needs to be designed either so that it does not rely on the driver or so that the driver unmistakably understands that it is an assistance system that needs an active driver to lead and share control.
Cardioplegia practice in paediatric cardiac surgery: a UK & Ireland survey
Authors: Drury Nigel E. , Horsburgh Angela , Bi Rehana , Willetts Robert G. , Jones Timothy J. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Many techniques are available for cardioplegic arrest in children, but there is a lack of late phase clinical trials to guide practice. We surveyed paediatric cardiac surgeons and perfusionists to establish current practice and willingness to change within a clinical trial. Methods: An online survey was sent to all consultant paediatric cardiac surgeons and chief perfusionists in paediatric centres in the UK and Ireland. Information was sought on cardioplegia type, composition, temperature, topical cooling, dosing for induction and maintenance, interval between doses, whether practice changed with patient age or complexity and whether respondents would be willing and able to use different cardioplegia solutions within a randomised trial. Results: Responses were obtained from 32 (78.0%) surgeons and 12 (100%) perfusionists. Twenty-seven (84.4%) surgeons use blood cardioplegia in infants, with St. Thomas’ Harefield preparation the most popular (19, 59.4%), used routinely in eight (66.7%) centres. Twenty-two (68.8%) administer at 4-6°C, 18 (56.3%) use topical cooling, 18 (56.3%) give 30 ml/kg induction and 15 ml/kg maintenance, with 23 (71.9%) re-dosing every 20-25 minutes. Thirty (93.8%) surgeons were open to randomising patients in a trial, with del Nido (29, 90.6%) the most popular. Conclusions: This survey demonstrates heterogeneity in cardioplegia practice. Whilst most surgeons use blood cardioplegia, there is variation in type, temperature, topical cooling, dosing and intervals. Combined with a lack of evidence from late phase trials, our findings support the presence of clinical equipoise. Surgeons are willing to change practice, suggesting that a pragmatic, multi-centre, randomised, controlled trial of cardioplegia in children is feasible.
Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 probiotic administration increases amlodipine absorption in a rabbit model
Authors: Saputri Febrina A. , Kang Devinna , Kusuma Arif S. W. , Rusdiana Taofik , Hasanah Aliya N. , Mutakin  , Surono Ingrid S. , Koyama Hiroshi , Abdulah Rizky 
Published: August 2018

Objective Probiotics are beneficial in human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of probiotics on absorption of amlodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist used in the treatment of angina and hypertension, in a rabbit model. Methods Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 probiotic was administered for 14 days to male New Zealand rabbits. Blood samples were collected before and after probiotic supplementation. Amlodipine (10 mg) was then administered to all groups. Blood samples from a marginal vein were withdrawn at 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes to determine amlodipine concentrations in rabbit plasma. Results Amlodipine concentrations in the L. plantarum IS-10506 group were 4.95 ± 1.22, 8.71 ± 0.69, and 12.48 ± 2.53 ng/ml, and those in the control group were 1.69 ± 0.31, 3.89 ± 1.23, and 7.17 ± 1.85 ng/ml at 30, 60, and 120 minutes, respectively after administration of amlodipine. Amlodipine concentrations in the L. plantarum IS-10506 group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after amlodipine administration. Conclusion Our results suggested that supplementation of L. plantarum IS-10506 significantly increases amlodipine plasma concentrations in rabbits.
Relationship between vasomotor symptoms and metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women
Authors: Sayan Sena , Pekin Tanju , Yıldızhan Begüm 
Published: August 2018

Objective This study was performed to compare the vasomotor symptoms and bone mineral density of postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 200 postmenopausal women attending routine health check-ups at Marmara Faculty of Medicine Pendik Training and Research Hospital from June 2015 to December 2015. The vasomotor symptoms scored were hot flashes and night sweats. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the consensus criteria of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Results Women with vasomotor symptoms had no metabolic syndrome and were younger than those without vasomotor symptoms. There was no significant difference in vasomotor symptoms between patients with osteopenia in the femoral neck, total femur, and spine and patients with normal bone mineral density. The vasomotor symptoms were similar between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusion The presence of metabolic symptoms is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Lipid abnormalities and a high body mass index may be important metabolic components associated with these symptoms. No relationship is present between vasomotor symptoms and the bone mineral density of the spine, femoral neck, and total femur.
Maximizing Versus Satisficing: Negative Correlation Between Maximizing Attitude and School Domain Satisfaction
Authors: Beja Edsel L. 
Published: August 2018

The study uses a projection method to identify maximizing and satisficing individuals in a sample of college students from the Philippines. The study defines a maximizing individual as one who sketches a full glass that is filled up to the brim and a satisficing individual as one who sketches a full glass that is filled below the brim. The study also uses data on school domain satisfaction of the college students. The analysis finds that individuals who maximize also experience lower school domain satisfaction. JEL Classifications: I31, C91
The Earnings Disadvantage of 21st Century Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Gill Fahad , Ahmad Waseem 
Published: August 2018

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the earnings disadvantage of 21st century immigrants in the United States. The study is the first to decompose the earnings disadvantage faced by recent immigrants to present the channels through which immigrants lag behind their native counterparts. The decomposition of the earnings disadvantage reveals that the time spent in the United States is the key determinant of the earnings disadvantage. Other important sources of the earnings disadvantage of immigrants are the levels of English-language proficiency and educational attainment. The decomposition analysis also suggests that low levels of human capital cause an even larger disadvantage for immigrants in the years following the 2008-2009 recession as compared with the corresponding relative returns of the prerecession period. The decomposition analysis and trends in returns to human capital variables highlight the merits of a selective immigration system that favors young, English-speaking, and highly educated individuals. JEL Classifications: J1, J3, J6
Perceived Synergistic Risk for Lung Cancer After Environmental Report-Back Study on Home Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Radon
Authors: Butler Karen M. , Huntington-Moskos Luz , Rayens Mary Kay , Wiggins Amanda T. , Hahn Ellen J. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To examine the short-term impact of a personalized environmental report-back intervention to reduce home exposure to tobacco smoke and radon on perception of synergistic risk for lung cancer. Radon-induced lung cancer is more common among those exposed to tobacco smoke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Primary care clinics and a pharmacy waiting area at a University Medical Center in the Southeastern United States and community events. Participants: Five hundred sixty adult homeowners and renters (3-month follow-up, n = 334). Intervention: Personalized environmental report back. Measures: Single-item synergistic risk perception measure using 5-point Likert-type scale. Analysis: Change in synergistic risk from baseline to 3 months was evaluated using a generalized estimating equation model containing main effects of treatment group and time. Covariates in the model included age, gender, education, and home smoking status. Results: For treatment and control groups combined, there was a significant increase in perception of synergistic risk from baseline to 3 months, but the study groups did not differ. There was no association between perceived synergistic risk and whether or not there were smokers at home. Conclusion: Learning about combined risks for lung cancer, with or without dual home screening for secondhand smoke and radon and environmental report-back, may enhance perceived risk for combined environmental exposures. Evaluation of perceived synergistic risk with a single item is a study limitation.
The current role for clinical and renal histological findings as predictor for outcome in Australian patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Nossent J , Raymond W , Kang A , Wong D , Ognjenovic M , Chakera A 
Published: August 2018

Objectives To investigate the current demographic, clinical and histological characteristics of patients with lupus nephritis (LN) in Western Australia (WA) with regards to their predictive value for patient and renal outcome. Methods Retrospective study of adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with a first renal biopsy demonstrating LN between 1997 and 2017 at a metropolitan tertiary hospital in WA. Clinical data were collected at baseline and last follow-up with renal biopsy findings classified by International Society of Nephrology (ISN) criteria. Annual incidence rates (AIRs)/100,000, Kaplan–Meyer curves and Cox regression hazard ratio for independent predictors for patient and renal survival were applied. Results The AIR was 3.3, 3.1 and 0.4 for Asian ( n = 29), Indigenous Australian (IA) ( n = 11) and Caucasian ( n = 43) patients, respectively ( p < 0.01). There was no significant subgroup difference regarding ISN class (proliferative 66%, membranous 19%, mesangial 15%), levels of proteinuria (median PCR 300 mg/mmol) or frequency of raised creatinine (31%), anti-dsDNA antibody (89%) or hypocomplementaemia (88%). Treatment included corticosteroids (91%), cyclophosphamide (30%), mycophenolate (67%) and antihypertensive drugs (67%). Five- (81%) and 10-year (70%) survival was lower for IAs than for Caucasians and Asians (95% each at both time points) ( p = 0.016). Five- and 10-year renal survival (endpoint renal replacement therapy (RRT)) was 86% and 64% for IA vs 100% for Asian, 100% and 96% for Caucasian patients ( p = 0.02). IA background was the only independent predictor for poor patient survival and together with male gender also for renal survival. Only 25% of all patients remained free of any organ damage with non-renal damage observed in 53% of survivors. Conclusions LN incidence in WA was 0.75/100,000 with the lowest rate observed in Caucasians. While Asian patients have the same favourable outlook as Caucasians, the outcome is much bleaker for IA patients. Other clinical and histological findings did not predict outcomes, and importantly more than half of all surviving patients accrued non-renal damage.
Sarcoma Subgrouping by Detection of Fusion Transcripts Using NanoString nCounter Technology
Authors: Sheth Javal , Arnoldo Anthony , Zhong Yunan , Marrano Paula , Pereira Carlos , Ryall Scott , Thorner Paul , Hawkins Cynthia , Somers Gino R 
Published: August 2018

Background NanoString technology is an innovative barcode-based system that requires less tissue than traditional techniques and can test for multiple fusion transcripts in a single reaction. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of NanoString technology in the detection of sarcoma-specific fusion transcripts in pediatric sarcomas. Design Probe pairs for the most common pediatric sarcoma fusion transcripts were designed for the assay. The NanoString assay was used to test 22 specific fusion transcripts in 45 sarcoma samples that had exhibited one of these fusion genes previously by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A mixture of frozen (n = 18), formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue (n = 23), and rapid extract template (n = 4) were used for testing. Results Each of the 22 transcripts tested was detected in at least one of the 45 tumor samples. The results of the NanoString assay were 100% concordant with the previous RT-PCR results for the tumor samples, and the technique was successful using both FFPE and rapid extract method. Conclusion Multiplexed interrogation for sarcoma-specific fusion transcripts using NanoString technology is a reliable approach for molecular diagnosis of pediatric sarcomas and works well with FFPE tissues. Future work will involve validating additional sarcoma fusion transcripts as well as determining the optimal workflow for diagnostic purposes.
The inadequacy of the reductionist approach in discovering new therapeutic agents against complex diseases
Authors: Duval Manuel X 
Published: August 2018

For more than 20 years, drug discovery has relied on two assumptions, i.e. (i) a therapeutic response can be triggered by modulating the activity of a single gene product, and (ii) a compound uncovered by its activity on a recombinant protein in vitro can perform its activity in vivo. Drug discovery operates accordingly by using the concepts of targets and pipelines. The target, such as a gene product, is the intended point of therapeutic intervention, and compounds that modulate its activity in vitro follow a series of downstream developments. This reductionist approach has developed due to advances in combinatorial chemistry, robotics, molecular biology, and genomics. The expectation of this approach is that the frequency of drug discovery will dramatically increase, while its associated cost would decrease. However, the frequency of new drug discovery has decreased, while the associated costs have surged. We performed a retrospective study that examined how successful development programs have led to marketed drugs for all indications except anti-infective and anti-neoplastic agents. We concluded that the target and pipeline paradigms are limited and are actually causing the drug development industry to collectively fail to meet the critical medical needs.Impact statementThe initial scope of this investigation was to build the set of human genes that are presumed to be the therapeutic intervention points of US FDA-approved drugs, in all therapeutics areas but oncology. The prerequisite for this study was the establishment of the non-redundant set of all active pharmaceutical ingredients for these disease areas. Pertaining to complex diseases, the main observation was that there is not a single instance in the history of drug discovery, where a compound, initially selected by means of a biochemical assay, achieved a significant therapeutic response. The whole field of Drug R&D faces an unacceptable lack of new treatments to address unmet medical needs. The conclusion is that complex biological assays have to be designed for the primary selection of candidate therapeutics.
Value of Percent Free Prostate-Specific Antigen for the Prediction of Pathological Stage in Men with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Morote J. , Trilla E. , Esquena S. , Serrallach F. , Abascal J.M. , Id H'Mammed Y. , De Torres I.M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose To analyze if the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can provide additional information to the combination of local clinical stage, serum PSA and Gleason score in the prediction of final stage and pathological features of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods A group of 480 men with clinically localized prostate cancer underwent lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy. Total and free PSA were measured in preoperative serum. Clinical stage was T1 in 70.4% of patients and T2 in 29.6%. The biopsy Gleason score ranged between 2 and 4 in 5.6%, between 5 and 7 in 78.4%, and was higher than 7 in 16%. Total serum PSA was below 4.1 ng/mL in 4.3%, between 4.1 and 10 ng/mL in 66.4%, between 10.1 and 20 ng/mL in 22.5%, and higher than 20 in 6.7% of patients. The tumor was organ-confined in 49.8% and specimen-confined in 64.2%, and its pathological features were favorable in 35%. Results Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that percent free PSA has independent predictive value for pathological stage only in the subset of patients with cT1 tumors and serum PSA between 4.1 and 10 ng/mL. In this group the probability of organ-confined cancer was 68.3% if the percent free PSA was above 15 and 56.3% if it was lower (p<0.001). The probability of specimen-confined disease was 86.6% and 71.3%, respectively (p<0.007), and the probability of favorable pathology was 59.8% and 39.6%, respectively (p<0.002). We also found higher rates of organ- and specimen-confined tumors and favorable pathology for every Gleason score when the percent free PSA was higher than 15. Conclusions Percent free PSA seems to provide additional information to the combination of clinical stage and Gleason score for the prediction of pathological features only in patients with clinical stage T1c and serum PSA between 4.1 and 10 ng/mL.