bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage with lysogenic potential linked to a putative marine Synechococcus ‘relic’ prophage
Authors: Flores‐Uribe José , Philosof Alon , Sharon Itai , Fridman Svetlana , Larom Shirley , Béjà Oded 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMarine cyanobacteria are important contributors to primary production in the ocean and their viruses (cyanophages) affect the ocean microbial communities. Despite reports of lysogeny in marine cyanobacteria, a genome sequence of such temperate cyanophages remains unknown although genomic analysis indicate potential for lysogeny in certain marine cyanophages. Using assemblies from Red Sea and Tara Oceans metagenomes, we recovered genomes of a novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage, which contain, in addition to common cyanophage genes, a phycobilisome degradation protein NblA, an integrase and a split DNA polymerase. The DNA polymerase forms a monophyletic clade with a DNA polymerase from a genomic island in Synechococcus WH8016. The island contains a relic prophage that does not resemble any previously reported cyanophage but shares several genes with the newly identified cyanophages reported here. Metagenomic recruitment indicates that the novel cyanophages are widespread, albeit at low abundance. Here, we describe a novel potentially lysogenic cyanophage family, their abundance and distribution in the marine environment.
Adopting bioenergy crops: Does farmers’ attitude toward loss matter?
Authors: Anand Mohit , Miao Ruiqing , Khanna Madhu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe apply prospect theory to examining farmers’ economic incentives to divert a share of their land to bioenergy crops (miscanthus and switchgrass in this study). Numerical simulation is conducted for 1,919 rain‐fed U.S. counties to identify the impact of loss aversion on bioenergy crop adoption, and how this impact is influenced by biomass price, discount rate, credit constraint status, and policy instruments. Results show that ignoring farmer's loss aversion causes overestimation of miscanthus production but underestimation of switchgrass production, particularly when farmers are credit constrained and have a high discount rate. We find that establishment cost subsidy induces more miscanthus production whereas subsidized energy crop insurance induces more switchgrass production. The efficacy of these two policy instruments, measured by biomass production increased by per dollar of government outlay, depends on the magnitude of farmers’ loss aversion and discount rate.
A safety, pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenomic and population pharmacokinetic analysis of the third‐generation EGFR TKI, olmutinib (HM61713), after single oral administration in healthy volunteers
Authors: Noh Young Su , Yoon Seonghae , Kim Suk Ran , Lee Kyung‐Tae , Jang In‐Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this phase I trial was to investigate pharmacokinetics (PKs) of olmutinib in three racial subjects. We also evaluate safety/tolerability and a population PK and pharmacogenomic analysis were performed for explorative purposes. A dose escalation study was conducted in 56 Korean, Japanese and Caucasian subjects. The food effect was assessed in the 300 mg Korean group. Individual PK parameters were calculated by non‐compartmental methods and presented by dose and race. Genotype analysis was performed using DMET® plus to identify genotypes which affect PK characteristics. A population PK model was developed to explore inter‐individual variability and to evaluate the influence of possible covariates using NONMEM®. Tmax was 2‐3 hour, regardless of race. The mean terminal half‐life ranged from 4.8 to 7.4 hour, with no significant differences between dose or racial groups. Dose‐normalized Cmax and AUClast were not significantly different between race groups. PK parameters were similar between the fasting and fed conditions. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the GSTM3 gene (rs4783) and a copy number variation in the GSTM1 gene were significantly related to AUC. A one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption adequately described the observed olmutinib data. Thirty adverse events were observed in 15 subjects, of which 26 events, all mild, were possibly related to olmutinib. A single oral dose of olmutinib 100‐300 mg was safe and well tolerated. PK parameters were dose‐proportional and did not differ by race. Food intake did not affect olmutinib absorption. Pharmacogenomic analysis indicated that glutathione S‐transferase might be involved in olmutinib metabolism.
Transformed mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas: A single institution retrospective study including polymerase chain reaction‐based clonality analysis
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Lamm Wolfgang , Dolak Werner , Lukas Julius , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Weber Michael , Schiefer Ana‐Iris , Kornauth Christoph , Bayer Günther , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Raderer Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven the lack of consistent data regarding the clinico‐pathological features and clonal lymphomagenesis of patients with mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and histological transformation (HT), we have systematically analysed 379 patients (32% gastric, 68% extra‐gastric; median follow‐up 52 months) diagnosed with HT at the Medical University Vienna 1999–2017, and reassessed tissues of identified patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based clonality analysis. HT was documented in 12/379 patients (3·2%) and occurred at a median time of 22 months (range; 6–202 months) after diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. By PCR‐based clonality analysis, we detected a clear‐cut clonal relationship of MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 8 of 11 analysed cases proving that the large majority of DLBCL following MALT lymphoma are clonally‐related and constitute a real transformation. Interestingly, HT occurred within the first 2·5 years after diagnosis in patients with clonal relationship, whereas time to aggressive lymphoma was longer in patients identified as clonally‐unrelated (most likely secondary) lymphoma (82–202 months), suggesting that HT is an early event in this disease. Survival of patients with HT was poor with 6/12 dying at 1·5–33 months after HT, however, patients with localized gastric transformation had a superior outcome with only 1/6 dying due to progression of lymphoma.
Conscience in public administration: More than just a chirping cricket?
Authors: Kathleen Deutscher Mary , Walker Keith D. , Phillips Peter W.B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe policy and practice of public administration are caught between two seemingly incommensurate goals. Public servants are expected to be responsible to the oversight and control of democratically elected governments, yet, as the policy space becomes more complex, are forced to exercise more judgment and discretion in their responsibilities. Individual, collective, and professional conscience is motivated across this spectrum of challenges. This article explores the concepts of discretion and conscience in theory and practice in the Canadian context. It offers insights into how conscience can, and perhaps must, be both accommodated and supported more appropriately in the practice of 21st‐century public administration and service. At root, we argue that an array of strategies and approaches may help to build relational reciprocity to a broader set of norms that are necessary for efficient and effective governance.
Retracted: Effect of Fasudil on remyelination following cuprizone‐induced demyelination
Authors: Wang Jing , Sui Ruo‐Xuan , Miao Qiang , Wang Qing , Song Li‐Juan , Yu Jie‐Zhong , Li Yan‐Hua , Xiao Bao‐Guo , Ma Cun‐Gen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination/remyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Cuprizone (CPZ)‐induced toxic demyelination is an experimental animal model commonly used to study demyelination and remyelination in the central nervous system. Fasudil is one of the most thoroughly studied Rho kinase inhibitors.MethodsFollowing CPZ exposure, the degree of demyelination in the brain of male C57BL/6 mice was assessed by Luxol fast blue, Black Gold II, myelin basic protein immunofluorescent staining, and Western blot. The effect of Fasudil on behavioral change was determined using elevated plus maze test and pole test. The possible mechanisms of Fasudil action were examined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA, and dot blot.ResultsFasudil improved behavioral abnormalities, inhibited microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation, and promoted astrocyte‐derived nerve growth factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor, which should contribute to protection and regeneration of oligodendrocytes. In addition, Fasudil inhibited the production of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and the infiltration of peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages, which appears to be related to the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier.ConclusionThese results provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of Fasudil in CPZ‐induced demyelination. However, how Fasudil acts on microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells remains to be further explored.
Causative exposures and temporal development of cobalt allergy in Denmark between 2002 and 2017
Authors: Alinaghi Farzad , Zachariae Claus , Thyssen Jacob P. , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCobalt contact allergy is common, but clinical relevance is often difficult to determine.ObjectivesTo examine the aetiology, prevalence and clinical characteristics of cobalt‐allergic patients who were patch tested between 2002 and 2017 at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev‐Gentofte Hospital.MethodsPatch test data, along with patient characteristics and causative exposures, from all adult dermatitis patients seen and tested between 2002 and 2017 were analysed. Associations were tested with the χ
2 test and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 13 475 adults aged 18 to 99 years were patch tested. The overall prevalence of cobalt allergy and the prevalence of isolated cobalt allergy were 3.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of isolated cobalt allergy decreased from 2.4% in 2006 to 2009 to 1.1% in 2014 to 2017 (Ptrend = 0.00003). Leather exposure as a relevant cause of allergic cobalt dermatitis increased from 3.7% in 2002 to 2009 to 8.3% in 2010 to 2017 (P = 0.04). The current clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions, that is, a positive reaction to cobalt combined with a history of current skin exposure to a source of cobalt, was 20.1%.ConclusionsWe conclude that cobalt allergy is relatively common, but causative exposures are largely unknown, and the proportion of positive patch test reactions with clinical relevance is low. It is therefore currently unclear how we can better protect consumers and workers from cobalt exposure.
The impact of social media on citation rates in coloproctology
Authors: Jeong J. W. , Kim M. J. , Oh H.‐K. , Jeong S. , Kim M. H. , Cho J. R. , Kim D.‐W. , Kang S.‐B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the association between Twitter exposure and the number of citations for coloproctology articles.MethodOriginal articles from journals using Twitter between June 2015 and May 2016 were evaluated for the following characteristics: publishing journal; article subject; study design; nationality, speciality and affiliation of the author(s); and reference on Twitter. Citation data for these articles were retrieved from Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com) in January 2018. We performed a univariate analysis using these data followed by a multivariate, logistic regression analysis to search for factors associated with a high citation level, which was defined as accrual of more than five citations.ResultsOut of six coloproctology journals listed on the InCites JCR database, three (Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, Colorectal Disease and Techniques in Coloproctology) used Twitter, where 200 (49.5%) out of a total of 404 articles had been featured. Citation rates of articles that featured on Twitter were significantly higher than those that did not (11.4 ± 9.2 vs 4.1 ± 3.1, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, Twitter exposure (OR 8.6, P = 0.001), European Union nationality (OR 2.4, P = 0.004), Colorectal Disease journal (OR 3.3, P = 0.005) and systematic review articles (OR 3.4, P = 0.009) were associated with higher citation levels.ConclusionArticle exposure on Twitter was strongly associated with a high citation level. Medical communities should encourage journals as well as physicians to actively utilize social media to expedite the spread of new ideas and ultimately benefit medical society as a whole.
Analysis of the status quo of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatosurgery in Germany: results of the DESSI‐study
Authors: Balakirski Galina , Felcht Moritz , Bayer Hans , Schmitt Laurenz 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundPerioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is recommended for the prevention of postoperative infections by the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute. However, how PAP is currently used in the field of dermatosurgery in Germany is unclear.MethodsAll members of the German Society for Dermatosurgery (DGDC) were asked to participate in a web‐based survey in order to investigate the use of PAP by German dermatological surgeons.Results78 DGDC members completed the questionnaire. Of these, 89.7 % (70/78) were medical specialists with a median work experience of 15 years in the field of dermatosurgery, and 53.8 % (42/78) of the respondents regularly use PAP in dermatosurgery. Of these, 35.7 % (15/42) reported that they perform PAP for immunocompromised patients. Only a small proportion of skin surgeons stated that they administer PAP parenterally (5.9 %, 4/67). The most commonly used drug was cephalosporin cefuroxime. The duration of the PAP varied between single‐dose and prolonged administration for more than five days.ConclusionCurrently, the use of PAP in dermatosurgical procedures in Germany is not standardized. Prospective randomized dermatosurgical studies are needed in order to investigate whether the PAP recommendations of KRINKO are applicable to the field of dermatological surgery.
Using hippocampal‐dependent eyeblink conditioning to predict individual differences in spatial reorientation strategies in 3‐ to 6‐year‐olds
Authors: Vieites Vanessa , Pruden Shannon M. , Shusterman Anna , Reeb‐Sutherland Bethany C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe hippocampus is a subcortical structure in the medial temporal lobe involved in cognitive functions such as spatial navigation and reorientation, episodic memory, and associative learning. While much is understood about the role of hippocampal function in learning and memory in adults, less is known about the relations between the hippocampus and the development of these cognitive skills in young children due to the limitations of using standard methods (e.g., MRI) to examine brain structure and function in developing populations. This study used hippocampal‐dependent trace eyeblink conditioning (EBC) as a feasible approach to examine individual differences in hippocampal functioning as they relate to spatial reorientation and episodic memory performance in young children. Three‐ to six‐year‐old children (N = 50) completed tasks that measured EBC, spatial reorientation, and episodic memory, as well as non‐hippocampal‐dependent processing speed abilities. Results revealed that when age was held constant, individual differences in EBC performance were significantly related to individual differences in performance on the spatial reorientation test, but not on the episodic memory or processing speed tests. When the relations between hippocampal‐dependent EBC and different reorientation strategies were explored, it was found that individual differences in hippocampal function predicted the use of geometric information for reorienting in space as opposed to a combined strategy that uses both geometric information and salient visual cues. The utilization of eyeblink conditioning to examine hippocampal function in young populations and its implications for understanding the dissociation between spatial reorientation and episodic memory development are discussed.
Maternal effects across life stages: larvae experiencing predation risk increase offspring provisioning
Authors: Tigreros Natasha , Norris Rachel H. , Thaler Jennifer S 
Published: May 2019

1. Maternal provisioning can reduce offspring vulnerability to predators by promoting offspring growth and eliciting of antipredator behaviours. Mothers perceiving predation risk may improve offspring survival if producing larger, higher‐quality offspring. However, empirical evidence suggests that offspring quality is often reduced, probably reflecting predator‐induced physiological costs, or a selfish maternal strategy aimed at producing more offspring by sacrificing their quality. While perception and impact of predators can vary across the prey's life stage, a majority of studies have focused on understanding how reproductive allocation decisions are influenced by the risk of predation during adulthood.2. In this study,Leptinotarsa decemlineatabeetles were used to examine if the risk of predation during the larval stage: (i) impacts the mother's physiological condition, including body mass and metabolic rate; and (ii) alters maternal allocation of reproductive resources to offspring quantity versus quality.3. Results revealed thatL. decemlineatamothers responded to perceived predation risk by producing clutches with fewer but larger eggs, thus increasing offspring provisioning. Surprisingly, while females that had faced predation risk as larva emerged with a similar body mass to control females, they exhibited lower metabolic rates.4. Although predation risk inL. decemlineatalarvae is known to impair their ability to acquire and maintain energy resources, adult females appeared to ameliorate such costs by improving their metabolic efficiency and by allocating more of their limited reproductive resources to produce fewer but better‐quality offspring.
Antiseizure and neuroprotective effects of delayed treatment with midazolam in a rodent model of organophosphate exposure
Authors: Spampanato Jay , Pouliot Wendy , Bealer Steven L. , Roach Bonnie , Dudek Francis Edward 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveExposure to organophosphates (OPs) and OP nerve agents (NAs) causes status epilepticus (SE) and irreversible brain damage. Rapid control of seizure activity is important to minimize neuronal injury and the resulting neurological and behavioral disorders; however, early treatment will not be possible after mass release of OPs or NAs.MethodsWe utilized a delayed‐treatment model of OP exposure in adult rats by administration of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) to study the relationship between the antiseizure and neuroprotective effects of the “standard‐of‐care” benzodiazepine, midazolam (MDZ), when given at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after SE onset. After electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, neural damage in serial brain sections was studied with Fluoro‐Jade B staining.ResultsMDZ‐induced seizure suppression was equivalent in magnitude regardless of treatment delay (ie, seizure duration). When assessed globally (ie, normalized across 10 different brain regions) for each treatment delay, MDZ administration resulted in only nonsignificant reductions in neuronal death. However, when data for MDZ treatment were combined from all three delay times, a small but significant reduction in global neuronal death was detected when compared to vehicle treatment, which indicated that the substantive MDZ‐induced seizure suppression led to only a small reduction in neuronal death.SignificanceIn conclusion, MDZ significantly reduced DFP‐induced SE intensity when treatment was delayed 30, 60, and even up to 120 minutes; however, this reduction in seizure intensity had no detectable effect on neuronal death at each individual delay time. These data show that although MDZ suppressed seizures, additional neuroprotective therapies are needed to mitigate the effects of OP exposure.
Carbonic anhydrases in human keratinocytes and their regulation by all‐trans retinoic acid and 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Suri Bani Kaur , Schmidtchen Artur , Verma Navin Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCarbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitously expressed enzymes and catalyse an important physiological reaction of interconverting the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonates, which is crucial for maintaining acid/base equilibrium in certain tissues. While 15 different isoforms of CAs are present in various cell types in human tissues, their expression pattern in the epidermis remains to be investigated. Here, we report the expression of 5 CA isoforms (CAII, CAIX, CAXI, CAXII and CAXIII) in human primary keratinocytes. Further, we demonstrate that the expression of CAII and CAIX in these cells is significantly up‐regulated by the biologically active metabolites of vitamin A (all‐trans retinoic acid) and vitamin D (1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3), respectively. Taken together, apart from providing new information on the expression of CAs in the skin, our results highlight a previously undisclosed connection between vitamin A and CAII expression and vitamin D and CAIX expression.
Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference modelling and sensitivity analysis for capacity estimation of fiber reinforced polymer‐strengthened circular reinforced concrete columns
Authors: Naderpour Hosein , Nagai Kohei , Haji Mohammad , Mirrashid Masoomeh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, a fuzzy logic‐based model for predicting the ultimate strength of FRP‐confined circular reinforced concrete (RC) columns is presented. The adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model was generated using valid experimental data with seven input variables. Input parameters were considered in such a way that all the parameters affecting the compressive strength of the column were simultaneously involved. Different models for compressive strength of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)‐confined concrete including the model in American Concrete Institute (ACI), to calculate the maximum stress endured by the column under axial load, were presented and compared with the results of the ANFIS model. Also, for similarity to other models, the ACI equation for calculating the maximum compressive strength tolerated by a column was considered without reducing coefficients as ACI‐N and was compared with other models. The results obtained from the ANFIS model were compared with results from other models. ANFIS model showed the highest accuracy among all models in predicting the experimental results.