bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate variability and sardine recruitment in the California Current: A mechanistic analysis of an ecosystem model
Authors: Politikos Dimitrios V. , Curchitser Enrique N. , Rose Kenneth A. , Checkley David M. , Fiechter Jerome 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecruitment varies substantially in small pelagic fish populations. Understanding of the mechanisms linking environment to recruitment is essential for the effective management of fisheries resources. In this study, we used a fully coupled end‐to‐end ecosystem model to study the effect of climate variability on sardine recruitment in the California Current System during 1965–2006. Ocean variability was represented by ROMS hydrodynamic and NEMURO biogeochemical models, and sardine population dynamics was simulated through a full life cycle individual‐based model. Model analysis was designed to elucidate how changes in abiotic and biotic conditions may impact the spawning habitats, early life stage survival, and ultimately recruitment of sardine. Our findings revealed the importance of spatial processes to shape early life stages dynamics. Shifts in spawning habitats were dictated by the spatial variations in temperature and the behavioral movement of adults. Additionally, the spatial match of eggs with warmer temperatures and larvae with their prey influenced their survival. The northward shifts in spawning locations and the accomplishment of good recruitment in warmer years agreed with existing knowledge. Egg production and survival during egg and yolk‐sac larval stages were key factors to drive the long‐term variations in recruitment. Finally, our analysis provided a quantitative assessment of climate impact on year‐to‐year variation in sardine recruitment by integrating multiple hypotheses.
Normal peripheral circadian phase in the old‐old with abnormal circadian behavior
Authors: Yamaguchi Ai , Tatsumoto Muneto , Matsumura Ritsuko , Endo Takuyuki , Hirata Koichi , Tokuda Isao , Akashi Makoto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlmost all organisms maintain a circadian clock from birth to death to synchronize their own physiology and behavior with the earth's rotation. However, extensive studies based on animal experiments have showed that aging results in circadian dysfunction. Human studies have also indicated age‐associated abnormal phase, reduced amplitude and enhanced fragmentation in circadian physiology and behavior, thereby strongly implying age‐related dysfunction of the clock machinery. Here, we carried out functional assessment of the circadian clock machinery in elderly patients aged 83–94 with severe dementia who showed abnormal circadian behavior. To investigate whether or not the systemic pathway from the circadian input to peripheral clocks functioned normally, the circadian phase in peripheral clock gene expression rhythms was evaluated using plucked hair tissues. Unexpectedly, the phase in all volunteer patients was within a range similar to that of healthy subjects. The circadian pathway from external inputs to peripheral clocks may therefore function normally, even in the old‐old with severe dementia.
Groundwater Pumping Is a Significant Unrecognized Contributor to Global Anthropogenic Element Cycles
Authors: Stahl Mason O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantifying anthropogenic contributions to elemental cycles provides useful information regarding the flow of elements important to industrial and agricultural development and is key to understanding the environmental impacts of human activity. In particular, when anthropogenic fluxes reach levels large enough to influence an element's overall cycle the risk of adverse environmental impacts rises. While intensive groundwater pumping has been observed to affect a wide‐range of environmental processes, the role of intensive groundwater extraction on global anthropogenic element cycles has not yet been characterized. Relying on comprehensive datasets of groundwater and produced water (groundwater pumped during oil/gas extraction) chemistry from the U.S. Geological Survey along with estimates of global groundwater usage, I estimate elemental fluxes from global pumping, consumptive use, and depletion of groundwater. I find that groundwater fluxes appreciably contribute to a number of elements overall cycles and thus these cycles were underestimated in prior studies, which did not recognize groundwater pumping's role. I also estimate elemental loadings to agricultural soils in the United States and find that in some regions, groundwater may provide a significant portion (more than 10%) of crop requirements of key nutrients (K, N). With nearly 40% of globally irrigated land under groundwater irrigation, characterizing nutrient and toxic element fluxes to these soils, which ultimately influence crop yields, is important to our understanding of agricultural production. Thus, this study improves our basic understanding of anthropogenic elemental cycles and demonstrates that quantification of groundwater pumping elemental fluxes provides valuable information about the potential for environmental impacts from groundwater pumping.
Patient involvement in qualitative data analysis in a trial of a patient‐centred intervention: Reconciling lay knowledge and scientific method
Authors: Frost Julia , Gibson Andy , Harris‐Golesworthy Faith , Harris Jim , Britten Nicky 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a pilot study of an intervention to facilitate patients’ agenda setting in clinical consultations. The primary aim of the study was to test the feasibility of running the randomized controlled trial. A secondary objective was to assess the extent to which patient and public involvement (PPI) could contribute to the process of qualitative data analysis (QDA).AimsTo describe a novel approach to including patient partners in QDA; to illustrate the kinds of contribution that patient partners made to QDA in this context; and to propose a characterization of a process by which patient involvement can contribute to knowledge production.MethodsSix patient and public representatives were supported to contribute to data analysis via a range of modalities. During a series of QDA workshops, experienced research staff role‐played consultations and interviews, and provided vignettes. Workshop data and PPI diaries were analysed using thematic discourse analysis.ResultsWe characterized a process of thesis, antithesis and synthesis. This PPI group contributed to the rigour and validity of the study findings by challenging their own and the researchers’ assumptions, and by testing the emerging hypotheses. By training PPI representatives to undertake qualitative data analysis, we transformed our understanding of doctor–patient consultations.ConclusionsThis research required changes to our usual research practices but was in keeping with the objective of establishing meaningful patient involvement for a future definitive trial. This work was informed by concepts of critical humility, and a process of knowledge production enabled via the construction of a knowledge space.
CD4:CD8 ratio in children with perinatally acquired HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Seers T , Vassallo P , Pollock K , Thornhill JP , Fidler S , Foster C 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesIn adults with horizontally acquired HIV infection, an inverted CD4:CD8 ratio is associated with persistent immune activation, size of HIV reservoir and predicts an increased risk of non‐AIDS‐defining adverse events. Normalization of this ratio with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is suboptimal in adults, despite viral suppression, and is less well described in paediatric populations. We investigated rates of CD4:CD8 ratio recovery in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PaHIV) on ART.MethodsA cross‐sectional, retrospective analysis of routine clinical data in children with PaHIV (5–18 years old) attending a single UK centre was carried out.ResultsCD4:CD8 normalization was seen in 62% of children on suppressive ART. A negative correlation was found between current CD4:CD8 ratio and age at start of ART. Positive correlations were found between current CD4:CD8 ratio and total time with suppressed HIV viral load and nadir CD4 counts. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age at start of ART was significantly associated with current CD4:CD8 ratio (standardized β = −0.680; P < 0.001). Patient sex, ethnicity and antiretroviral regimen did not affect ratio recovery.ConclusionsWe found higher rates of CD4:CD8 ratio normalization compared with previous adult studies. Children who started ART at a younger age were more likely to recover a normal ratio. The current policy of universal treatment for all HIV‐positive adults and children will enhance immunological normalization.
Difficult to diagnose small cutaneous melanoma metastases mimicking angiomas: utility of dermoscopy
Authors: Mazzella Caterina , Costa Claudia , Cappello Milena , Scalvenzi Massimiliano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundMetastases from melanoma can be found in any organ, while the reported incidence of skin metastases varies between 2 and 20%. Cutaneous melanoma metastases (CMM) can be heterogeneous at clinical examination, and they can simulate other benign and malignant lesions, thus generating major diagnostic troubles for the dermatologist. Dermoscopy is a useful tool that may increase the physician's diagnostic accuracy to this purpose.Materials and methodsHerein, we describe the case of two patients having lesions that can easily be confused with other benign or malignant lesions for their clinical and dermoscopic similarities and for the variability of presentation of skin metastases. The description of the dermoscopy patterns of melanoma metastases may be useful to recognize early metastases, when clinically not suspected, facilitating an early removal and histopathological confirmation.ResultsDiagnoses of melanoma metastases and angiomas were confirmed by histological examination. Melanoma metastases show at dermoscopic examination the angioma‐like pattern. The ability to detect CMM between other lesions was good taking into consideration that, without the patient's history and with just the dermoscopy image, it could be very difficult to distinguish CMM from other benign or malignant skin lesions.ConclusionsThe present study confirms that dermoscopy is a useful tool to increase the physician's diagnostic accuracy for CMM and allow its differentiation from other cutaneous lesions, always taking into account the patient's medical record.
Distinctive lupus panniculitis of scalp with linear alopecia along Blaschko's lines: a review of the literature
Authors: Lueangarun Suparuj , Subpayasarn Urairack , Tempark Therdpong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLupus panniculitis of the scalp (LPS) is a rare and distinctive clinical feature of lupus erythematosus panniculitis (LEP) with linear alopecia along Blaschko's lines. In this study, we investigated clinical features and treatments of LPS by literature review of articles in the English language from PubMed and SCOPUS databases up to April 2018. The following key words, “lupus panniculitis, “lupus erythematosus panniculitis”, “lupus profundus”, “head”, and “scalp”, were used. Twenty cases of LPS were identified (mean age = 26.4 [10–53] years, female: male ratio = 1:1, mean disease duration = 86.89 [8–336] weeks). The most commonly affected areas of scalp included parietal (70%), frontal (45%), temporal (40%), occipital (30%), and vertex (10%), along 70% of Blaschko's lines with morphologic lesions linear, annular, arch‐shaped, and ulcer. Besides, ANA (60%) was in particular noted. Hydroxychloroquine, oral prednisolone, intralesional corticosteroid, and methotrexate were the most common treatments, with complete response after an average period of 8.08 (2–12) weeks. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was developed in four cases (20%) during follow‐up, with high recurrence of 35%. We reported distinctive and rare cases of LPS.The continuing follow‐up was highly recommended to avoid probable recurrence and SLE development.
Decreased expression of neuregulin1 in the lesional skin of vitiligo patients
Authors: Rani Seema , Kumari Uma , Bhardwaj Supriya , Parsad Davinder , Sharma Vijay L. , Kumar Ravinder 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundParacrine cross‐talk exists between the fibroblasts of dermis and epidermal cells through secretions of various growth factors. Melanocytes present at the basement layer of the epidermis and respond to various factors secreted by underlying dermal fibroblasts in the dermis to regulate the function of the skin.ObjectiveTherefore the study was planned to check the expression of fibroblast‐derived factor neuregulin1 (NRG1) in vitiligo skin and its effect on melanocytes.MethodsFor this study, relative gene expression at mRNA level of NRG1 in the vitiligo skin was analyzed by qRT‐PCR, and protein analysis was done by immunohistochemistry. Effect of different concentrations of NRG1 was checked on the cultured melanocytes by melanin content assay, proliferation assay, and tyrosinase (TYR) assay. The effect of NRG1 was also checked on the level of melanocyte regulatory genes (MITF, c‐KIT, TYR, DCT).ResultsExpression of NRG1 was significantly less in lesional dermis of vitiligo patients as compared to nonlesional and healthy control dermis both at mRNA as well as protein level. NRG1 treatment showed significant increase in proliferation, melanin content, TYR level, and gene expression level of melanocyte specific genes.ConclusionTreatment of NRG1 to the cultured melanocytes increases proliferation and pigmentation. Lower expression of NRG1 in the lesional dermis of vitiligo patients inhibits the melanocyte growth. Therefore this study hypothesized that low expression of NRG1 in lesional skin of vitiligo patients might have a possible role in the melanocyte loss and vitiligo pathogenesis.
R&D in a duopoly under incomplete information
Authors: Chatterjee Rittwik , Chattopadhyay Srobonti , Kabiraj Tarun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe availability of information about rivals may have a significant impact on a firm's decision about R&D investment. This paper investigates how the R&D incentive of a firm in a Cournot duopoly may depend on information structures. We show that asymmetric information about the rival's cost reduction may enhance the research incentive of each firm compared to the complete‐information case. However, an additional dimension of asymmetry (e.g. the information about whether the rival has invested in R&D or not) will reduce the R&D incentive unambiguously compared to the one‐dimensional asymmetry case.
Discolouration of raw and cooked coloured fleshed potatoes differing in anthocyanins and polyphenols content
Authors: Rytel Elżbieta , Nemś Agnieszka , Pęksa Anna , Kita Agnieszka , Miedzianka Joanna , Tajner‐Czopek Agnieszka , Kucharska Alicja Zofia , Sokół‐Łętowska Anna , Hamouz Karel 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDespite variations in the content of polyphenols, the tested potato varieties with red and purple flesh contained similar amounts of anthocyanins. Potatoes of the red‐fleshed HBr variety were distinguished by a significant content of pelargonidin‐3‐feruloylrutinoside‐5‐glucoside, and those of the purple‐fleshed Vitelotte variety were characterised by a significant cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside content. Immediately after cutting, raw potatoes with red flesh showed a small share of yellow (b* parameter) and double the share of red (a*) as compared to purple‐fleshed tubers. A reduction in the share of red dye was observed in purple‐ and red‐fleshed potatoes except Vitelotte and Rosalinde tubers, at both 1 and 4 h after being cut. The flesh colour of cooked potatoes was characterised by low susceptibility to darkening, and purple‐fleshed tubers were more saturated by chroma than tubers of red‐fleshed varieties.
Site‐specific transgenesis of the Drosophila melanogaster Y‐chromosome using CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Buchman A. , Akbari O. S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the importance of Y‐chromosomes in evolution and sex determination, their heterochromatic, repeat‐rich nature makes them difficult to sequence (due, in part, to ambiguities in sequence alignment and assembly) and to genetically manipulate. Therefore, they generally remain poorly understood. For example, the Drosophila melanogaster Y‐chromosome, one of the most extensively studied Y‐chromosomes, is widely heterochromatic and composed mainly of highly repetitive sequences, with only a handful of expressed genes scattered throughout its length. Efforts to insert transgenes on this chromosome have thus far relied on either random insertion of transposons (sometimes harbouring ‘landing sites’ for subsequent integrations) with limited success or on chromosomal translocations, thereby limiting the types of Y‐chromosome‐related questions that could be explored. Here, we describe a versatile approach to site‐specifically insert transgenes on the Y‐chromosome in D. melanogaster via CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated homology‐directed repair. We demonstrate the ability to insert, and detect expression from, fluorescently marked transgenes at two specific locations on the Y‐chromosome, and we utilize these marked Y‐chromosomes to detect and quantify rare chromosomal nondisjunction effects. Finally, we discuss how this Y‐docking technique could be adapted to other insects to aid in the development of genetic control technologies for the management of insect disease vectors and pests.
Linking information systems and entrepreneurship: A review and agenda for IT‐associated and digital entrepreneurship research
Authors: Steininger Dennis M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMore than 50 years ago, information technology (IT) began to change society, the economy, and industries worldwide. This change has included waves of technological disruption that have been exploited by entrepreneurial actors who seize the associated new opportunities. Research on related phenomena is spread across different disciplines. Recently, there have been calls for further research on the marriage of information systems (IS) and entrepreneurship. We review 292 articles in the IS, entrepreneurship, and general and strategic management literature to create an overview of the IT‐associated entrepreneurship research landscape. On the basis of that review, we elaborate on the different roles that IT can assume to support entrepreneurial operations and value creation in these settings. Our findings suggest that IT plays four major roles in entrepreneurial operations: as a facilitator, making the operations of start‐ups easier; as a mediator for new ventures' operations; as an outcome of entrepreneurial operations; and as a ubiquity, becoming the business model itself. Leveraging these roles of IT, we develop a set of definitions to clear up definition uncertainties surrounding IT‐associated new ventures such as digital start‐ups and digital business models. We also outline a research agenda for IT‐associated entrepreneurship research based on identified roles, types, and gaps.
Technostress and social networking services: Explaining users' concentration, sleep, identity, and social relation problems
Authors: Salo Markus , Pirkkalainen Henri , Koskelainen Tiina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is common for users of social networking sites and services (SNS) to suffer from technostress and the various associated strains that hinder their well‐being. Despite prior SNS stress studies having provided valuable knowledge regarding SNS stressors and their use consequences, they have not examined the various strains related to well‐being that those stressors can create nor the underlying SNS characteristics. To address this gap in the research, we used a qualitative approach involving narrative interviews. As a contribution, our findings reveal four types of strains related to well‐being (concentration problems, sleep problems, identity problems, and social relation problems) as well as two different patterns with distinct sets of SNS stressors and SNS characteristics that generate those strains. As practical implications, the findings of this study can help technostressed users to identify their strains, understand their underlying SNS characteristics and SNS stressors, and increase the possibility that they will be able to avoid the strains in the future.
Psychological morbidity in ovarian cancer: An alternative assessment method
Authors: Pitts Sandra , Phillips Renee R. , Miltenberger Paula B. , Bennett Monica , Tucker Christy , Thomas Anna J. , Cassedy Hannah F. , Stringer Claude A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStudies of psychological morbidity and quality of life in ovarian cancer (OC) patients have largely relied on self‐report measures despite substantial research questioning the confounding effects of denial and self‐deception in self‐report scores. This study investigated the use of the Early Memory Index (EMI) for detection of psychological distress among OC patients. Early Memory Index outcomes of 77 OC outpatients were compared with high and low distress scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory Form‐Y (STAI‐S, STAI‐T). A higher percentage of participants scored as distressed on the EMI (51%) than the CES‐D (30%), STAI‐S (16%), and STAI‐T (21%). A sizable percentage (up to 48%) of low distress respondents on self‐report measures demonstrated illusory mental health on the EMI. Results support earlier research demonstrating self‐report scales’ limitation detecting psychological distress and the possibility of the EMI as an alternative screening measure of psychological adjustment in OC patients.
Crack‐tip toughness of lead‐free (1−x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–xBaTiO3 piezoceramics
Authors: Vögler Malte , Fett Theo , Rödel Jürgen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCrack opening displacements were evaluated on semi‐elliptical indentation cracks in lead‐free (1−x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–xBaTiO3 piezoceramics and a commercially available PZT ceramic. The observed crack‐tip toughness of NBT‐xBT was found to be substantially higher than for PZT. Two evaluations for the crack opening displacement were demonstrated and contrasted: A more elaborate three‐term‐approximation and a pragmatic utilization of the Irwin parabola.
Reactive flash sintering: MgO and α‐Al2O3 transform and sinter into single‐phase polycrystals of MgAl2O4
Authors: Yoon Bola , Yadav Devinder , Ghose Sanjit , Raj Rishi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show that flash experiments with three phase mixed‐powders of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), MgO, and α‐Al2O3 not only produce polycrystals of high density, but also the transformation of magnesia and alumina into single‐phase spinel. The presence of zirconia facilitates the onset of the flash. The sintering experiments in the laboratory were extended to live experiments at the National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory in order to measure the time‐dependent evolution of single‐phase spinel. The phase transformation occurred in <3 seconds during Stage II. Later, during Stage III the cubic zirconia transformed partly into the monoclinic phase, which reverted back to the cubic phase when the flash was extinguished by turning off the current to the specimen. The results underpin a recent report on the synthesis of single‐phase bismuth ferrite from constituent oxides in reactive flash experiments, raising the specter of flash as a method for synthesis as well as sintering of complex oxide ceramics. The role of zirconia in catalyzing the flash in the present study is discussed.