bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of combining SGLT2 inhibitors and pioglitazone on risk of MASH in type 2 diabetes—A real‐world study
Authors: Lee Chi‐Ho , Lui David Tak‐Wai , Mak Lung‐Yi , Fong Carol Ho‐Yi , Chan Kylie Sze‐Wing , Mak Jimmy Ho‐Cheung , Cheung Chloe Yu‐Yan , Chow Wing‐Sun , Woo Yu‐Cho , Yuen Man‐Fung , Seto Wai‐Kay , Lam Karen Siu‐Ling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsBoth pioglitazone and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) alone improve metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in randomized clinical trials, whereas preclinical studies suggested MASH benefits with sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). In the real world, patients with type 2 diabetes often require multiple agents for glycaemic control. Here, we investigated the benefits of combining these agents on risks of MASH.Materials and MethodsLongitudinal changes in FibroScan‐aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score were measured in 888 patients with type 2 diabetes. Use of pioglitazone, GLP1RA and/or SGLT2i was defined as continuous prescriptions of ≥180 days prior to their last reassessment FibroScan. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associations between use of these agents and FAST score changes.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 3.9 years, the increasing number of these agents used was significantly associated with more reductions in FAST score (p for trend <0.01). Dual combination was independently associated with a higher likelihood of achieving low FAST score at reassessment than single use of any of these agents (odds ratio [OR] 2.84, p = 0.01). Among the different drug combinations, using SGLT2i and pioglitazone (median dose 15 mg daily) together, as compared to not using any of these three agents, was associated with a higher likelihood of both low FAST score at reassessment (OR 6.51, p = 0.008) and FAST score regression (OR 12.52, p = 0.009), after adjusting for changes in glycaemic control and body weight during the study.ConclusionsCombining SGLT2i and pioglitazone is a potentially useful strategy to ameliorate ‘at‐risk’ MASH in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Understanding Parkinson disease in Spain: Genetic and clinical insights
Authors: Gómez‐Garre Pilar , Martín‐Bórnez Miguel , Muñoz‐Delgado Laura , Díaz‐Belloso Rafael , Periñán María Teresa , Bonilla‐Toribio Marta , Buiza‐Rueda Dolores , Macías‐García Daniel , Jesús Silvia , Adarmes‐Gómez Astrid , Ojeda Elena , Luque‐Ambrosiani Antonio , García‐Díaz Sergio , Sánchez Rocío Pineda , Carrillo Fátima , Mir Pablo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeParkinson disease (PD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, determined by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with PD and assess their impact on the disease phenotype through genotype–phenotype correlations.MethodsWe employed a targeted resequencing panel to analyze 27 genes linked to PD in a cohort of 1185 PD patients from southern Spain. Variants were categorized based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics pathogenicity criteria. Demographic and clinical data were also collected.ResultsAmong the patients analyzed, 13.5% carried potential disease‐causing pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 12 different genes, indicating significant genetic heterogeneity. The most frequently affected genes were LRRK2, PRKN, and GBA1 (accounting for 72.1% of positive cases). Sex‐specific differences were observed, with a higher proportion of female patients carrying LRRK2 variants. Differences in age at onset and clinical features were also observed among the different mutated genes. Notably, variants in genes associated with atypical parkinsonism presented distinct clinical presentations, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in the differential diagnosis.ConclusionsOur study provides valuable information on the genetic landscape of PD and its clinical manifestations. The observed genotype–phenotype correlations, along with sex‐specific differences, emphasize the complexity of PD pathogenesis, underlining the importance of personalized approaches to PD diagnosis and treatment. Further investigations into genetic interactions and population‐specific effects are warranted to enhance our understanding of PD etiology and improve patient care.
Incontinence‐Associated Dermatitis‐Like Skin Changes Induced by the Application of Absorbent Pads Containing Bacteria and Artificial Urine in Rats
Authors: Horinouchi Ai , Mugita Yuko , Tomida Sanai , Takizawa Chihiro , Haba Daijiro , Sanada Hiromi , Nakagami Gojiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIncontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most serious complications in older people with incontinence. Controlling urine property in absorbent pads could be effective for preventing IAD caused by bacterial urine. However, no animal model has been established to evaluate their effectiveness. This study aimed to induce IAD‐like skin changes using absorbent pads containing bacterial urine and to confirm their pathophysiology in rats. Hairless Wistar Yagi rats were divided into the bacteria‐containing urine (BU) and the bacteria‐free urine (U) groups. A 10‐h‐attachment of absorbent pads containing artificial urine with/without bacteria to the skin pretreated with sodium lauryl sulfate was performed repeatedly for 5 days. Macroscopic findings and skin barrier function were examined every day, and histological changes, inflammatory responses and bacterial quantification in tissue samples were examined on Day 5. The BU group exhibited significant skin redness from Day 3, significant elevation of transepidermal water loss from Day 1, and histological changes, including significantly thickened epidermis, abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and erythrocyte leakage. Inflammation, confirmed by higher myeloperoxidase‐positive cells, elevated tumour necrosis factor‐α expression, and vascular endothelial damage, indicated by CD31 and pentraxin 3‐positive cells, were observed in the BU group. The bacterial quantification showed no significant difference between the groups. IAD‐like skin changes including histological changes and inflammation were suggested to be caused by urine properties altered by bacteria. This study proposed a new animal model for evaluating the effectiveness of absorbent pads in controlling the urine properties of bacterial urine on preventing IAD.
Projecting Untruncated Climate Change Effects on Species' Climate Suitability: Insights From an Alpine Country
Authors: Adde Antoine , Külling Nathan , Rey Pierre‐Louis , Fopp Fabian , Brun Philipp , Broennimann Olivier , Lehmann Anthony , Petitpierre Blaise , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Altermatt Florian , Guisan Antoine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClimate projections for continental Europe indicate drier summers, increased annual precipitation, and less snowy winters, which are expected to cause shifts in species' distributions. Yet, most regions/countries currently lack comprehensive climate‐driven biodiversity projections across taxonomic groups, challenging effective conservation efforts. To address this gap, our study evaluated the potential effects of climate change on the biodiversity of an alpine country of Europe, Switzerland. We used a state‐of‐the art species distribution modeling approach and species occurrence data that covered the climatic conditions encountered across the full species' ranges to help limiting niche truncation. We quantified the relationship between baseline climate and the spatial distribution of 7291 species from 12 main taxonomic groups and projected future climate suitability for three 30‐year periods and two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (RCP4.5 and 8.5). Our results indicated important effects of projected climate changes on species' climate suitability, with responses varying by the taxonomic and conservation status group. The percentage of species facing major changes in climate suitability was higher under RCP8.5 (68%) compared to RCP4.5 (66%). By the end of the century, decreases in climate suitability were projected for 3000 species under RCP8.5 and 1758 species under RCP4.5. The most affected groups under RCP8.5 were molluscs, algae, and amphibians, while it was molluscs, birds, and vascular plants under RCP4.5. Spatially, by 2070–2099, we projected an overall decrease in climate suitability for 39% of the cells in the study area under RCP8.5 and 10% under RCP4.5, while projecting an increase for 50% of the cells under RCP8.5 and 73% under RCP4.5. The most consistent geographical shifts were upward, southward, and eastward. We found that the coverage of high climate suitability cells by protected areas was expected to increase. Our models and maps provide guidance for spatial conservation planning by pointing out future climate‐suitable areas for biodiversity.
Unveiling Shadows: Challenges Encountered by Mental Health Nurses and Health Cadres in the Delivery of Care to Persons With Mental Illness in Indonesia
Authors: Warsini Sri , Kristanti Martina Sinta , Saifudin I. Made Moh Yanuar , Fitryasari Rizki , Marthoenis Marthoenis , Usher Kim 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMental health nurses and health cadres in Indonesia who provide care to persons with mental illness (PWMI) report encountering several challenges and obstacles to the delivery of quality care. At present, there is a paucity of research on this topic. The objective of this study was to examine the challenges encountered by mental health nurses and health cadres in their interactions with the families of PWMI in the community. This descriptive qualitative study employed focus group discussions, conducted in three Indonesian cities: Banda Aceh, Surabaya and Yogyakarta. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. The study revealed that the theme of this research is nurses and health cadres experienced challenging family behaviours toward a PWMI. The initial subtheme of family behaviour is ‘concealing the PWMI.’ This subtheme encompasses instances where families attempted to hide the mental health condition of the PWMI. The second subtheme is ‘unsupportive families’. This subtheme is characterised by reluctance to engage in treatment or outright rejection of hospital care. This is often due to factors such as familial busyness. The third subtheme is ‘poor parenting styles’. This subtheme highlights how inadequate parenting practices, domestic violence and lack of family support contribute to stress and exacerbation of mental disorders in PWMI. The fourth subtheme is ‘hidden motive related to wills and testaments’, which reveals how families may attempt to manipulate treatment to remove the inheritance rights of PWMI. The fifth subtheme is ‘abandonment by family’, which describes scenarios where families completely neglect PWMI, leading to inadequate care and medication adherence. The final subtheme, ‘removal of PWMI from family units’, describes instances where families sent PWMI to mental health facilities for permanent separation, sometimes even relocating to another city. To address these issues, a comprehensive approach is required that considers both the affected individuals and their families. An understanding of the motivations behind these behaviours is essential for the development of targeted interventions that promote family support, reduce stigma and improve the overall mental health environment in communities.
Progress in Agronomic Crops Lodging Resistance and Prevention: A Review
Authors: Rehman Muzammal , Luo Dengjie , Mubeen Samavia , Pan Jiao , Cao Shan , Saeed Wajid , Chen Peng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCrop lodging is recognised as one of the yield‐limiting factors in agricultural production. Therefore, better understanding to improve lodging resistance and to prevent lodging‐induced losses in agronomic crops is necessary. Besides yield losses, lodging severely affects the crop harvesting process and increases the production cost. However, achieving the objective of higher crop yields and yield quality without increasing lodging risk is quite challenging. To this end, it is essential to interpret the underlying mechanism of plant stem buckling and failure of root anchorage and optimise the fundamental trade‐off between lodging resistance and yield performance in agronomic crops. In the present review, we made an effort to discuss recent and innovative research insights that guarantee greater lodging resistance along with advanced lodging prevention strategies while sustaining higher crop yield and yield quality.
Opportunistic sighting of a silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) aggregation in the subtropical southwest Atlantic
Authors: Corrêa Ana Laura Tribst , Mello Thayná Jeremias , Candido Carolina Ferreira 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSilky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) populations in the South Atlantic Ocean are listed as vulnerable under the IUCN. In fact, this species is classified as critically endangered in Brazil under the Ministry of the Environment. The present study reports the first opportunistic sighting of an aggregation of 250–300 silky sharks in the Alcatrazes Archipelago Wildlife Refuge. Aggregation sites are important in the life cycle of silky sharks, and identifying these sites is essential for conservation efforts.
Simulation Study on Heat and Moisture Transfer in Cross‐Flow Drying Aeration of Bulk Corn in a Cone‐Bottom Silo Using Natural and Low‐Temperature Air
Authors: Yang Kaimin , Dong Xiaoqian , Wang Yuancheng , Chu Fengjiao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUsing variable temperature and relative humidity of natural air based on local climatic conditions for natural drying aeration of grain is an energy‐saving and efficient method. The study of heat and moisture transfer within grain piles during natural air and low‐temperature air drying aeration of bulk corn in low‐humidity areas, which can provide theoretical support for selecting efficient and low‐consumption grain drying processes and practical applications. In this study, the mathematical model of the coupled heat and moisture transfer dynamics in the dry silo was verified using experimental datum of grain storage drying aeration experiment, and the relative error was less than 5% between the simulated and the experimental datum. Based on this validated model, the temperature and moisture content variations of in‐silo bulk corn drying were simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation techniques. The simulations included continuous drying aeration with daily average, hourly average temperature and relative humidity of the local natural air, and low‐temperature air drying aeration with heated up to 3°C over the ambient temperature, as well as intermittent drying aeration. Drying effectiveness and economic efficiency were also analyzed and evaluated. The costs for continuous drying aeration with hourly average of natural air and low‐temperature, intermittent drying aeration with hourly average of natural air are 0.032, 0.042, and 0.016 CNY/kg, respectively. Compared to traditional high‐temperature hot air drying, the costs of these methods were reduced by 0.048, 0.038, and 0.064 CNY/kg, respectively.
Effect of Lingual Nerve Block and Localised Somatosensory Abnormalities in Patients With Burning Mouth Syndrome—A Randomised Crossover Double‐Blind Trial
Authors: Yang Guangju , Jin Jianqiu , Wang Kelun , Baad‐Hansen Lene , Liu Hongwei , Cao Ye , Xie Qiu‐Fei , Svensson Peter 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate the effect of a lingual nerve block on spontaneous pain in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to estimate associated somatosensory abnormalities by quantitative sensory testing (QST).Protocol and MethodsA standardised QST battery including cold detection threshold (CDT), warmth detection threshold (WDT), thermal sensory limen (TSL), paradoxical heat sensation (PHS), cold pain threshold (CPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), mechanical pain threshold (MPT), wind‐up ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) was performed at the oral mucosa of the most painful site and intraoral control site in 20 BMS patients, and at the tongue and cheek mucosa in 22 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. The effect of a lingual nerve block on spontaneous burning pain reported by the BMS patients on a 0–10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) was investigated in a randomised double‐blind crossover design using (1 mL) lidocaine (lido) or saline (sal) with an interval of 1 week. The BMS patients were grouped into ‘central’ and ‘peripheral’ mechanisms based on the effect of the lingual nerve injections. For each BMS patient, Z‐scores and Loss/Gain scores were computed. Differences among groups and sites were analysed using a two‐way ANOVA. Differences within group were assessed by paired t‐test.ResultsThe 20 BMS patients were characterised on the basis of VAS changes (ΔLido—ΔSal) as a peripheral BMS subgroup (n = 9) with pain relief more than 1 cm on the VAS and a central BMS subgroup (n = 11) with pain relief less than 1 cm. BMS patients (n = 20) had lower sensitivity to thermal stimuli (i.e., CDT, WDT, TSL, CPT, HPT and PPT) and higher sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (i.e., PPT) compared with controls (p ≤ 0.007). Based on Loss/Gain coding, L1G0 (loss of thermal somatosensory function with no somatosensory gain, 55.0%) was the most frequent coding in the BMS group, which was higher than 11.4% in the control group (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, there was no significant difference between the peripheral and central BMS subgroups with regard to the Z‐scores of any of the nine QST parameters (p > 0.097).ConclusionsThe results of the lingual nerve blocks demonstrated two distinct phenotypes with either peripheral or central mechanisms but no direct impact on somatosensory function. Overall, somatosensory function in BMS patients seems abnormal in the painful areas compared to matched controls with a conspicuous loss of thermosensory function.
Your Body, My Business: Risk Governance in A Psychiatric Nursing Home
Authors: Chuang Li‐Yu , Shu Bih‐Ching , Wang Hsiu‐Yun , Ouyang Wen‐Chen , Chen Chih‐Hsuan , Chang Ling‐Hui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionA crucial long‐term care resource for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) in Taiwan is provided by psychiatric nursing homes. Given the higher incidence of physical illnesses and accidents among individuals with SMI, ensuring patient safety is an important aspect of quality care. However, there is limited literature exploring how the staff provides safe care for individuals with SMI.AimInvestigates how the staff in a psychiatric nursing home managed residents' activities to mitigate risks and reduce physical injuries.MethodUsing a qualitative approach and drawing from Foucault's concept of ‘disciplinary power’, data were collected from field observations and staff interviews.ResultsThree themes emerged: (1) a gaze for efficiency, where checklists, timetables and spatial arrangements were used to efficiently manage residents' bodies; (2) controlling the deviant body, which entailed procedures to monitor and prevent risk behaviours and bodily signs through broad safety measures and (3) your body, my business, which described the reduced autonomy of residents over their behaviours as the responsibility largely shifted to the staff.DiscussionThe predominant risk management framework, driven by safety considerations, comprises residents' autonomy and undermines compassionate caring.Implications for PracticeRisk management should actively involve both staff and residents in decision‐making.
Exploring the protective role of jelly capsules in jelly‐nest tree frog eggs based on proteomic and peptidomic studies
Authors: Wang S. , Gao Y. , Wei S. , Ben J. , Yan F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTypically, frog eggs are aquatic, being deposited and undergoing development within freshwater habitats. However, certain species within the Rhacophoridae have evolved reproductive modes that are non‐aquatic. The jelly‐nest tree frog (Feihyla palpebralis) has terrestrial eggs that are enclosed in gel, with embryos detaching from the aquatic milieu during the embryonic phase. The jelly enveloping these embryos performs a critical role in defense against biotic and abiotic threats in the terrestrial environment. To investigate the protective function of the jelly, we characterized its proteome and peptidome. In total, 83 proteins were identified and categorized into eight main groups: protease inhibitors, glycoproteins, cytoskeleton proteins, nucleotide‐binding proteins, regulatory proteins, metabolic enzyme, glycoprotein hormones, and oxidative stress‐related proteins. These proteins are believed to play a role in protecting the eggs by creating biochemical and physical barriers, maintaining moisture and structural integrity, and preventing oxidative damage. In addition, 1642 peptides were isolated from tree frog jelly envelopes. Among these, RPPGFSPFR showed predator deterrent properties, LPF and AVPYPQ performed anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and IYSP functioned as a proteinase inhibitor. These findings help to clarify the protective mechanisms involved in the egg development process of the jelly‐nest tree frog.
On the use of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve in eyewitness memory research
Authors: Riesthuis Paul , Otgaar Henry 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeEyewitness memory research has reformed police practices and policy and is sometimes relied upon in legal proceedings. Due to the practical implications derived from this research, it is imperative to evaluate how practical recommendations are postulated. To assess the practical relevance of research, effect sizes and their interpretation play a pivotal role.MethodsWe examined how the frequently used effect size Area Under the Curve (AUC) obtained via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are used and interpreted in eyewitness memory research. We identified 157 eyewitness memory related articles that conducted ROC curve analyses resulting in 1580 AUCs.ResultsApproximately 90% of the AUCs were only interpreted via statistical significance. The majority of studies did not report 95%CIs for their AUCs. Finally, power analyses were frequently not conducted or not reproducible.ConclusionsTo improve the practical inferences of eyewitness memory research, we recommend establishing a smallest effect size of interest, focusing on 95%CIs, and conducting reproducible power analyses.