bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of obesity on perceived patient‐centred communication
Authors: Phelan S. M. , Lynch B. A. , Blake K. D. , Blanch‐Hartigan D. , Hardeman R. , Wilson P. , Branda M. , Finney Rutten L. J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectivePatient–provider communication has been found to be less patient centred, on average, with patients who are members of stigmatized or minority groups. Obesity is a stigmatized condition, and thus, people with obesity may experience less patient‐centred communication (PCC). The objective of this study was to assess the association between patient body mass index (BMI) and self‐reported quality of PCC experienced over a 12‐month period and whether that relationship differed for men and women.MethodsData collected for the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey were analysed. Respondents who reported a BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and indicated having seen a healthcare provider outside of an emergency room in the last 12 months were included. PCC was measured using a validated six‐item scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the odds of reporting PCC greater than the sample median.ResultsCompared with people with normal weight BMIs, no associations were found between overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84, p = 0.17), class I & II obesity (OR = 0.94, p = 0.68) or class III obesity (OR = 0.86, p = 0.47) and PCC. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.015) such that for men, but not women, higher BMI was associated with less PCC.ConclusionUnlike evidence that women experience more weight stigma, in the healthcare domain, men may be at elevated risk of experiencing communication influenced by weight stigma.
FDG–PET CT in the evaluation of primary and secondary pancreatic malignancies
Authors: Bohl Casey E. , Federico Sara M. , Robinson Giles W. , Bahrami Armita , Shulkin Barry L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposePrimary pancreatic carcinoma and pancreatic metastases are rare in the pediatric population. Pancreatoblastoma is the most common pancreatic malignant tumor in young children and solid‐pseudopapillary tumor in teenagers. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is extremely rare under the age of 40 and is usually associated with underlying genetic abnormalities. Secondary malignancies of the pancreas occur more frequently than primary pancreatic malignancies in children and are most commonly seen with non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and mesenchymal sarcomas. The purpose of this study was to characterize the metabolism of primary and secondary tumors of the pancreas in pediatric patients.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of all primary and secondary pancreatic malignancies imaged with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) was conducted.ResultsThree patients with primary pancreatic cancers were identified, one each with pancreatoblastoma, solid‐pseudopapillary tumor, and adenocarcinoma. Each tumor showed elevated uptake of FDG. Metastatic disease in the pancreas was identified in 12 patients—five NHL (including three Burkitt lymphomas), six sarcomas (three osteosarcomas, two rhabdomyosarcomas, and one Ewing sarcoma family tumor), and one malignant rhabdoid tumor. Elevated but variable uptake of FDG was found in each of the tumors of patients with metastatic disease within the pancreas.ConclusionBoth primary malignancies and metastatic disease within the pancreas, though very rare in children, adolescents, and young adults, are metabolically active and can be functionally characterized using FDG–PET CT.
Impact of ovarian transposition before pelvic irradiation on ovarian function among long‐term survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Fernandez‐Pineda Israel , Davidoff Andrew M. , Lu Lu , Rao Bhaskar N. , Wilson Carmen L. , Srivastava D. Kumar , Klosky James L. , Metzger Monica L. , Krasin Matthew J. , Ness Kirsten K. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Sklar Charles A. , Green Daniel M. , Chemaitilly Wassim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe reviewed the effect of ovarian transposition (OT) on ovarian function among long‐term survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with pelvic radiotherapy.ProcedureFemale participants (age 18+ years) with HL in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) were clinically evaluated for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) 10 or more years after pelvic radiotherapy. Reproductive history including age at menopause and pregnancy/live births was available on all patients.ResultsOf 127 eligible females with HL, 90 (80%) participated in SJLIFE, including 49 who underwent OT before pelvic radiotherapy. Median age at STLIFE evaluation was 38 years (range 25–60). In a multiple regression adjusted for age at diagnosis, pelvic radiotherapy doses > 1,500 cGy (hazard ratio [HR] = 25.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.1–207.3; P = 0.0027) and cumulative cyclophosphamide equivalent doses of alkylating agents > 12,000 mg/m2 (HR = 11.2, 95% CI = 3.4–36.8; P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with POI. There was no significant association between OT and occurrence of POI (HR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.2–1.9; P = 0.41).ConclusionsOT did not appear to modify risk of POI in this historic cohort of long‐term survivors of HL treated with gonadotoxic therapy. Modern fertility preservation modalities, such as mature oocyte cryopreservation, should be offered to at‐risk patients whenever feasible.
Signal detection on a patient cohort: A disproportionality analysis of the ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort to identify associations between direct acting antivirals and adverse events in patients with hepatitis C virus chronic infection
Authors: Feldman Sarah F. , Lapidus Nathanaël , Dorival Céline , Diallo Alpha , Amri Imane , Fontaine Hélène , Pol Stanislas , Carrat Fabrice ,   for the ANRS/AFEF HEPATHER study group
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to explore a signal detection method for early identification of potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a patient cohort.MethodsANRS CO22 HEPATHER is a French multicentre prospective observational cohort started in 2012. The cohort includes patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with reports of all adverse events (AEs) occurring in patients exposed to HCV drugs. We applied a disproportionality method, which calculated a measure of association, the Bayesian information component (IC), for each drug‐AE pair. Information components were continuously updated and a positive drug‐AE association was detected when the lower limit of an IC 95% credible interval (95% CI) exceeded 0. We illustrate how the method could result in timely detection of photosensitivity reaction with simeprevir use.ResultsBy August 28, 2016, 6600 patients with HCV infection had been treated or were undergoing current HCV treatment, and 3464 experienced at least one AE for a total of 12 720 reported AEs. We detected 52 positive drug‐AE associations, including 44 that were known ADRs based on the summary of product characteristics. The association between simeprevir and photosensitivity reaction was detected on June 4, 2014. At this date, 68 patients had received simeprevir and 6 photosensitivity reaction (4 during simeprevir treatment) had been reported for an estimated IC of 1.90, 95% CI, 0.20‐3.61.ConclusionsThe disproportionality method can help with early detection of potential ADRs in patient cohorts. Detected associations need to be confirmed by a review of clinical data.
The classification of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 3 mutations using the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator classification system
Authors: Denman Laura , Yonker Lael M. , Kinane Thomas Bernard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImportanceThe ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 3 (ABCA3) protein plays a vital role in surfactant homeostasis. Mutations in the ABCA3 gene lead to the development of interstitial lung disease. In the most severe manifestation, mutations can lead to a fatal respiratory distress syndrome in neonates. ABCA3 belongs to the same ATP‐binding cassette transporter superfamily as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the gene that causes cystic fibrosis.ObjectiveTo classify ABCA3 mutations in a manner similar to CFTR mutations in order to take advantage of recent advances in therapeutics.MethodsSequence homology between the CFTR protein and the ABCA3 protein was established. The region of CFTR that is a target for the new potentiator class of drugs was of particular interest. We performed a literature search to obtain all published mutations that were thought to be disease causing. We classified these mutations using the established CFTR classification system. When possible, we drew on previous experimental classification of ABCA3 mutations.ResultsAlthough the proteins share the same overall structure, only a 19% identity was established between CFTR and ABCA3. The CFTR therapeutic target region has a 22% homology with the corresponding ABCA3 region. Totally 233 unique protein mutations were identified. All protein mutations were classified and mapped to a schematic diagram of the ABCA3 protein.InterpretationThis new classification system for ABCA3, based on CFTR classification, will likely aid further research of clinical outcomes and identification of mutation‐tailored therapeutics, with the aim for improving clinical care for patients with ABCA3 mutations.
A brief introduction to institutional review boards in the United States
Authors: Qiao Haiping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChina has become one of the main fields for international drug and device trials in the last twenty years. Although China has greatly strengthened the protection of human research participants over this time, there is still room for improvement. In order for Chinese investigators to participate in international clinical trials, compliance with internationally recognized ethical regulations is essential. In the United States (U.S.), research involving human subjects is reviewed by an ethics committee called the Institutional Review Board (IRB). In this article, we briefly introduce the background, composition, and function of the IRB in the U.S. to our Chinese investigators.
Anesthesia with propofol‐remifentanil combined with rocuronium for bronchial foreign body removal in children: Experience of 2 886 cases
Authors: Qiu Yongsheng , Qu Jinrong , Li Xiang , Li Hailiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImportanceThe appropriate anesthetic method can reduce the complications of children with tracheal foreign body and reduce the mortality rate of children. What kind of anesthetic method to choose has always been the focus of debatePurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of anesthesia with propofolremifentanil combined with rocuronium for foreign body aspiration (FBA) removal with the positive‐pressure ventilation technique.MethodsMedical records of patients who underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of FBA in our unit from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data (age and sex), nature of foreign body and location, complications, length of hospital stay and outcome were analyzed.ResultsA total of 2 886 children were included in this study. The median age was 24 months (8 months to 10 years). FBA was detected and removed in 95.6% of patients. The average operation time was 17 ± 5 min and average length of hospital stay was 2 days. Observed peri‐interventional complications included desaturation (n = 66), laryngospasm (n = 19), laryngeal or subglottic edema (n = 15), irritating cough (n = 3), body movement (n = 76) and pneumonia (n = 206). No deaths occurred during hospitalization or follow‐up in this series.InterpretationAnesthesia with propofol‐remifentanil combined with rocuronium under positive‐pressure ventilation is an effective and safe technique during FBA removal in children.
Creating procedural justice and legitimate authority within school discipline systems through youth court
Authors: Brasof Marc , Peterson Kate 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSchools' ability to manage student misbehavior rests largely on students' perceptions of the discipline system and authority. According to the procedural justice perspective, when schools use discipline practices students perceive as unfair, they fail to see authority as legitimate, making them less likely to comply with rules and demand. Youth Court, a peer adjudication program, has been implemented in schools as an alternative to punitive policies. While effective, there is no current research that examines if Youth Court creates procedural justice and legitimate authority. Using qualitative data from three urban schools, this study investigates the fairness of Youth Court procedures within a procedural justice framework, as well as perceptions of primary discipline practices and authority. Findings revealed that each school still largely uses punitive policies that create procedural unfairness and undermine legitimate authority. Additionally, findings indicate Youth Court utilizes practices that allow for procedural justice that foster legitimate authority.
Influence of water depth on energy expenditure during aquatic walking in people post stroke
Authors: Lim Hyosok , Azurdia Daniel , Jeng Brenda , Jung Taeyou 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the metabolic cost during aquatic walking at various depths in people post stroke. The secondary purpose was to examine the differences in metabolic cost between aquatic walking and land walking among individuals post stroke.DesignA cross‐sectional research design is used.MethodsTwelve participants post stroke (aged 55.5 ± 13.3 years) completed 6 min of walking in 4 different conditions: chest‐depth, waist‐depth, and thigh‐depth water, and land. Data were collected on 4 separate visits with at least 48 hr in between. On the first visit, all participants were asked to walk in chest‐depth water at their fastest speed. The walking speed was used as a reference speed, which was applied to the remaining 3 walking conditions. The order of remaining walking conditions was randomized. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and minute ventilation (VE) were measured with a telemetric metabolic system.ResultsOur findings showed statistically significant differences in EE, VO2, and VE among the 4 different walking conditions: chest‐depth, waist‐depth, and thigh‐depth water, and land (all p < .05). The participants demonstrated reduction in all variables as the water depth increased from thigh depth to chest depth. Significantly higher values in EE and VO2 were found when the water depth increased from waist depth to chest depth. However, no significant difference was found in all variables between thigh‐depth and waist‐depth walking. Only thigh‐depth walking revealed significant differences when compared with land walking in all variables.ConclusionsPeople post stroke consume less energy in chest‐depth water, which may allow them to perform prolonged duration of training. Thigh‐depth water demonstrated greater EE compared with other water depths; thus, it can be recommended for time‐efficient cardiovascular exercise. Waist‐depth water showed similar EE to land walking, which may have been contributed by the countervailing effects of buoyancy and water resistance.
Cabazitaxel regimens inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells and enhances the anti‐tumor properties of PEDF with various efficacy and toxicity
Authors: Jarvis Courtney , Nelius Thomas , Martinez‐Marin Dalia , Sennoune Souad R. , Filleur Stéphanie 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTaxanes chemotherapies represent the major therapeutic alternative for symptomatic mCRPC. While docetaxel is the most commonly prescribed Taxane for mCRPC; cabazitaxel has been approved for patients unresponsive to docetaxel. Still mCRPC remains incurable and patients often experience severe side effects. Recently, the FIRSTANA trial first demonstrated the absence of superiority in overall survival between cabazitaxel and docetaxel in mCRPC patients. Inversely, different toxicity were reported suggesting that cabazitaxel may provide a first line treatment option for some patients urging for a deeper characterization of cabazitaxel mechanisms of action as well as a re‐evaluation of cabazitaxel conventional dose and schedule. In this study, our goal was therefore to evaluate the anti‐tumor efficacy of various cabazitaxel regimens delivered as monotherapy or in combination with PEDF, a known anti‐angiogenic and anti‐neoplastic agent.MethodsCRPC cells undergoing Taxane treatment were evaluated for cell proliferation, migration and death, and apoptosis using crystal violet staining, chemotaxis, cell cycle, and TUNEL assays. In vitro data were corroborated in CL1 CRPC xenografts where mice received intermittent or metronomic low‐doses cabazitaxel ± PEDF.ResultsWe found that cabazitaxel inhibits the proliferation of CRPC cells with a higher efficacy than docetaxel in vitro. As expected, high‐doses of Taxanes blocked the cells in mitosis. Surprisingly, low‐doses of cabazitaxel induced more cell death than docetaxel mainly through apoptosis. In vivo, intermittent cabazitaxel lead to disease stabilization when combined with PEDF. Unexpectedly, low‐doses of cabazitaxel delayed tumor growth with severe toxicity for some of the doses tested. Other results showed that PEDF and low‐doses of cabazitaxel combination inhibited the migration of tumor cell and increased the tumoricidal activity of macrophages toward prostate tumor cells.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the great promise of cabazitaxel drug and predict a possible move of cabazitaxel forward within the therapeutic sequence of prostate cancer.
Growth hormone‐releasing hormone receptor antagonists modify molecular machinery in the progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Muñoz‐Moreno Laura , Schally Andrew V. , Prieto Juan C. , Carmena M. José , Bajo Ana M. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTherapeutic strategies should be designed to transform aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes to a chronic situation. To evaluate the effects of the new growth hormone‐releasing hormone receptor (GHRH‐R) antagonists: MIA‐602, MIA‐606, and MIA‐690 on processes associated with cancer progression as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis.MethodsWe used three human prostate cell lines (RWPE‐1, LNCaP, and PC3). We analyzed several molecules such as E‐cadherin, β‐catenin, Bcl2, Bax, p53, MMP2, MMP9, PCNA, and VEGF and signaling mechanisms that are involved on effects exerted by GHRH‐R antagonists.ResultsGHRH‐R antagonists decreased cell viability and provoked a reduction in proliferation in LNCaP and PC3 cells. Moreover, GHRH‐R antagonists caused a time‐dependent increase of cell adhesion in all three cell lines and retarded the wound closure with the highest value with MIA‐690 in PC3 cells. GHRH‐R antagonists also provoked a large number of cells in SubG0 phase revealing an increase in apoptotic cells in PC3 cell line.ConclusionsTaken all together, GHRH‐R antagonists of the MIAMI series appear to be inhibitors of tumor progression in prostate cancer and should be considered for use in future therapeutic strategies on this malignancy.
Beyond insects: current status and achievements of RNA interference in mite pests and future perspectives
Authors: Niu Jinzhi , Shen Guangmao , Christiaens Olivier , Smagghe Guy , He Lin , Wang Jinjun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMites comprise a group of key agricultural pests on a wide range of crops. They cause harm through feeding on the plant and transferring dangerous pathogens, and the rapid evolution of pesticide resistance in mites highlights the need for novel control methods. Currently, RNA interference (RNAi) shows great potential for insect pest control. Here, we review the literature regarding RNAi in mite pests. We discuss different target genes and RNAi efficiency in various mite species, a promising Varroa control program using RNAi, the synergy of RNAi with plant defense mechanisms and microorganisms, and current understanding of systemic movement of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). On the basis of this evidence, we can conclude that there is clear potential for application of RNAi‐based mite control, but further research on several aspects of RNAi in mites is needed, including: (i) the factors influencing RNAi efficiency, (ii) the mechanism of environmental RNAi and cross‐kingdom dsRNA trafficking, (iii) the mechanism of possible systemic and parental RNAi, and (iv) non‐target effects, specifically in predatory mites, which should be considered during RNAi target selection. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
On the performance of coefficient of variation control charts in Phase I
Authors: Dawod Abdaljbbar B.A. , Abbasi Saddam Akber , Al‐Momani Marwan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControl charts are mainly carried out in 2 interconnected phases: Phase I (retrospective phase) and Phase II (monitoring phase). Phase I uses a stable historical sample to establish control limits that will be used later in Phase II. The preciseness of the control limits obtained from Phase I can greatly affect the performance of control charts in Phase II. Monitoring the coefficient of variation (CV) is an effective approach when the process mean or standard deviation is not constant. Until now, little work has been dedicated on investigating the performance of CV control charts in Phase I. Viewed under this perspective, this study investigates the performance of CV control charts in Phase I in terms of probability to signal. A real‐life example is also provided to illustrate the working of CV charts in Phase I.
A robotic suture‐passing device for possible use in SILS and NOTES
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Kim Woo Young , Ko Seong Young 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundNatural orifice transluminal endoscopic (NOTES) and single incisional laparoscopic surgeries (SILS) have been gaining importance over the last two decades. Due to improper instrumentation, small workspace and the imperceptibility of body structures, suturing and knot‐tying are difficult to perform in both.MethodsAn intracorporeal suture‐passing device with two manipulator arms is proposed that automatically passes the suture around ducts of up to 7 mm diameter, without additional manipulation of any other surgical instrument, and it can be deployed through a trocar of 3 mm inner diameter.ResultsThe working mechanism was validated by 15 trials, where passing the suture around a phantom tube was tested, and the operating time measured as (34.55 ± 4.55) seconds.ConclusionsSuturing and knotting in SILS and NOTES are currently challenging techniques, but the proposed device enables the suture to be automatically passed around ducts. It is expected that clinical evaluations of future prototypes will further confirm the efficacy of the device.