bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential competencies required of nurse managers in times of COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Velasco Arias Jina Mariont , Peres Aida Maris , Nunes Mario Gilberto Jesus , Escandell Rico Francisco Miguel , Noreña‐Peña Ana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo identify the essential competencies required of nurse managers in healthcare services during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundNurse managers play a vital role in healthcare services organization, requiring a diverse set of competencies. The increasing occurrence of epidemics in recent decades underscores the importance of understanding these competencies in pivotal junctures. The challenges faced during the COVID‐19 pandemic present valuable opportunities to recognize the competencies of nurse managers and guide their responsiveness in addressing future health crises.MethodsA scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines was conducted. A comprehensive search was conducted across six databases (LILACS, BDENF, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science). Results were categorized according to the nurse manager competencies model by the American Organization for Nursing Leadership and were analyzed using the competing values framework model.ResultsOut of 2033 potentially relevant sources identified, 17 studies met inclusion criteria. A total of 52 competencies were identified and categorized into four thematic categories: (1) the ability to collaborate in times of crisis; (2) maintaining control during a crisis; (3) adapting to changes caused by the crisis; and (4) preserving competitiveness through the crisis.ConclusionsThe findings highlight communication, decision‐making, training, adaptability to change, and leadership as essential competencies required of nurse managers to address crises, such as pandemics.Implications for nursing policyThis body of knowledge can serve as a reference point to enhance the response of nurse managers in the face of future health crisis scenarios. Additionally, it can serve as a framework for healthcare organizations to develop or improve their crisis management training programs.
How nurses’ moral competence can be supported: Findings from international focus groups with professionals
Authors: Wiisak Johanna , Suhonen Riitta , Galazzi Alessandro , Gastmans Chris , Keogh Brian , Papastavrou Evridiki , Stefanopoulos Nikos , Palese Alvisa , Stolt Minna ,   the PROMOCON Consortium
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo describe how nurses’ moral competence can be supported from the perspective of nurses, nurse managers, researchers, educators, and nursing students.BackgroundMoral competence is the capacity or ability of nurses to recognise one's own emotions of what is right or wrong, to reflect on these emotions, to make decisions, and to act in ways that bring the highest level of benefit to patients. Moral competence is part of professional competence. However, little is known about how nurses’ moral competence can be supported.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study design was applied. Stratified purposive sampling was employed and focus group discussions were conducted in Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, Greece, Ireland, and Italy in 2023. A total of 38 informants (5–8 per focus group) who were registered nurses or nursing students participated. The data were analysed using both deductive and inductive content analysis. The COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research were adhered to.ResultsSeven themes were developed following analysis, which suggested that support for nurses’ moral competence can be located at individual‐relational, organisational, and societal levels. Several approaches and/or tools were also identified to support moral competence.ConclusionNurses’ moral competence could benefit from continuous support from colleagues, those in leadership positions, organisations and society. Practical tools and approaches can also successfully support nurses’ moral competence.Implications for nursing and health policySupport for nurses’ moral competence forms a continuum from the beginning of nursing studies throughout nursing careers. Thus, educational interventions and training programmes are needed both at basic and continuous ethics education. There is also a need for investments in and development of strategies and regulations on ethics management in health systems, national‐ and international‐level ethics indicators for health policy‐making, and implementation of existing practices, interventions, and procedures in nursing practice.
When Expertise Is Not Enough: Explaining the European Commission's Non‐success in the Integration of Public Sector Accounting
Authors: Horni Pascal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe European Commission crucially relies on expertise and advice to fulfil its focal role in drafting policies. For this reason, it maintains numerous expert groups. When handling technical complex cases, expert groups engage in deliberative supranationalist problem‐solving that is driven by logic and knowledge. Based on the Commission's policy initiative to develop European Public Sector Accounting Standards (EPSAS) for the integration of European Union member states' government accounting practices, this study investigates how and under what conditions policy incentives translate via expert group deliberations into draft policies. Drawing on policy design literature and using process tracing, this study finds that pre‐existing policy instruments or design choices on higher order policy elements could lead to challenges in achieving the integrity and superiority of solutions at the level of calibration and street‐level requirements, thus failing to produce the necessary expert consensus.
The sustainability of U.S. debt and potential reforms: Fiscal rules, spending and taxes, and a fiscal commission
Authors: McBride William , York Erica , Durante Alex , Watson Garrett 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we assess current projections of U.S. deficits and debt, establishing the recent history, causes, and consequences of the growing fiscal gap. We review the fiscal consolidation literature, finding successful debt reductions primarily focus on spending reforms. In the U.S. context, we assess options to reform the budget process, major spending programs, and taxes. We simulate six potential changes in U.S. tax policy that would substantially alter tax revenues, finding substantial effects on the economy over the long run that tend to reduce the impact on the debt burden, leaving the debt‐to‐GDP ratio on an unsustainable course.
Introversion and Trait Incongruent Work Demands: Episodic Misfit at Work
Authors: Wanberg Connie R. , Park YoungAh , Ren Shuai L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEven if individuals are in a job or organization that is generally a good fit for them, they can still experience misfit with specific work demands. This study examines the proximal experiences of trait‐incongruent work demands among highly introverted individuals, offering a novel episodic and trait‐specific perspective on workplace misfit. Through narrative surveys and semi‐structured interviews, we identify four broad trait‐incongruent work demands that spur episodic misfit at work for introverts. We introduce an integrated process model that reveals how individuals’ reactions to introversion‐incongruent work demands evolve in the time proximal to the work demand. We build theory about (1) how individuals navigate and cope with introversion‐incongruent work demands before, during, and after they occur (and how these adaptations affect immediate and subsequent reactions); (2) why reactions of individuals are sometimes amplified or attenuated across various experiences of trait‐incongruent work demands; and (3) how subsequent exposure to these work demands (i.e., experience) plays a role in repeating this cycle. We offer new insights into how and why individual reactions to episodic misfit evolve before, during, and after a specific situation, and factors that may moderate these reactions—a topic that has received scant attention in the person‐environment fit literature. We provide propositions for future research and practice‐related implications.
The Effects of a Smartphone App‐Supported Nursing Care Program on the Disease Self‐Management of Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Arabaci Zeynep , Uysal Toraman Aynur 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimHypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to improve patients' adherence to treatment in order to control their blood pressure. The present study aims to examine the effect of a smartphone application‐supported nursing care program provided by a nurse on medication adherence and achievement of normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels among patients diagnosed with primary hypertension and registered at the Family Health Center within the context of patients' self‐management behaviors.MethodsA randomized controlled experimental study design. CONSORT flow chart was used in the study. The study sample consisted of 41 hypertensive patients in the intervention group and 41 hypertensive patients in the control group. The intervention group was supported with a smartphone application named “HiperDostum” based on the health belief model, whereas the control group continued to receive standard healthcare services provided by the Family Health Center, to which they were affiliated. Data were collected using the “Patient Information Form,” “Blood Pressure Monitoring Form,” and the “Medication Adherence Self‐Efficacy Scale—Short Form.”ResultsIt was observed that the intervention group participants had higher medication adherence self‐efficacy scale scores when compared to the control group participants. Comparing the blood pressure values by group, time, and group*time interaction, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure values by time and group*time interaction.ConclusionConsidering the widespread use of smartphones and smartphone application‐supported nursing care can be successfully used to enhance self‐management and improve treatment adherence among hypertensive patients in primary healthcare institutions.Trial RegistrationRegistration number: NCT0532140;Name of trial registryThe Effect of Smart Phone Application Supported Nursing Care Program on the Self‐Management of Hypertensive Patients
Black hole to grey hole metamorphosis in the deep quantum regime
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Nandy Malay K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn order to search for new solutions for collapsed objects in quantum gravity, we consider in this paper a Kantowski–Sachs metric labelled by parameters that have no classical significance. In addition, we include a Klein–Gordon field to represent in a simple manner the inevitable zero-point vacuum fluctuations that permeate the spacetime. With this framework, we quantize the system and obtain the Wheeler–DeWitt equation in order to focus upon the deep quantum regime of the interior and to analyze any kind of transition that the black hole may undergo. The Wheeler–DeWitt equation reveals the existence of new solutions of different nature, designated herein as “quantum grey holes,” in addition to the existence of quantum black holes, with all solutions satisfying the DeWitt boundary condition. The existence of new solutions gives rise to the novel possibility of a quantum black hole making a transition to a quantum grey hole. We find that there exists non-zero probability of quantum black-to-grey hole transition. These transition probabilities exhibit resonances for a continuous range of eigenvalues of the system.
Role of the NOD1/Rip2 Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Inflammatory Activation Induced by ox‐LDL
Authors: Hou Liang , Liu Jinli , Yuan Yuhui , Ding Yanchun 
Published: November 2024

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the NOD1/Rip2 signaling pathway on macrophage inflammatory activation and polarity switching in ox‐LDL‐induced THP‐1‐derived macrophages.Methods: THP‐1‐derived macrophages were stimulated with various concentrations (10, 25, or 50 mg/L) of ox‐LDL for different durations (8, 16, or 24 h). Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of NOD1, Rip2, IL‐10, IL‐12, iNOS, and Arg‐1. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of NOD1 and Rip2. The secretion of TNF‐α and MCP‐1 in the cell culture supernatants was measured via ELISA. Rip2 siRNA was used to inhibit the NOD1/Rip2 signaling pathway. Oil Red O staining was employed to visualize foam cell formation. CD86, CD80, and CD163 membrane molecules were analyzed via FACS.Results: After exposure to ox‐LDL, the expression levels of NOD1 and Rip2 mRNAs and proteins in THP‐1‐derived macrophages increased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. This upregulation was accompanied by increased concentrations of TNF‐α and MCP‐1 in the cell culture supernatants. The effects of NOD1 and Rip2 expression upregulation were mitigated by Rip2 siRNA, as evidenced by decreased concentrations of TNF‐α and MCP‐1. Furthermore, ox‐LDL downregulated the expression of M2 macrophage markers CD163, IL‐12, and Arg‐1 and upregulated the expression of M1 macrophage markers CD86, CD80, IL‐10, and iNOS. The inhibition of Rip2 by siRNA reversed these effects and prevented the formation of foam cells.Conclusion: Our data show that the NOD1/RIP2 signaling pathway regulates the inflammatory activation of macrophages induced by ox‐LDL and controls the macrophage polarity switch.
Healthcare Utilization and Costs in Patients With Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Compared With Those With Depression and Healthy Controls: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Seo Jun Ho , Han Minkyung , Kang Sunghyuk , Kim Se Joo , Jung Inkyung , Kang Jee In 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Patients with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) often face diagnostic delays, leading to frustration, unnecessary medical procedures, and excessive costs. This study examines healthcare utilization and costs in the 3 years before diagnosing SSRDs, comparing them to patients with depressive disorders and individuals with no mental disorder using data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. The analysis also addresses the influence of medical comorbidities by focusing on patients without them.Methods: Utilizing Korean nationwide medical claims database covering all South Koreans, we identified individuals aged 15–64 diagnosed with SSRDs between 2015 and 2019. A corresponding group diagnosed with depression served as controls for nonpsychotic mental disorders. We analyzed medical costs and healthcare utilization comparing the SSRDs group to the depression group and the group with no mental disorder using nonparametric tests, including a specific analysis for those with a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of zero.Results: The study encompassed 84,223 SSRD patients, 336,919 with depressive disorders, and 269,444 individuals with no mental disorder. Patients with SSRDs had significantly higher healthcare costs and made more frequent use of outpatient and emergency services than both control groups, a pattern consistent even in patients without medical comorbidities.Conclusion: This large nationwide cohort study confirmed that patients with SSRDs frequently used the healthcare system and incurred considerable costs before their diagnosis. The findings suggest that plans for early recognition and intervention, along with mental health support for this population, are urgently needed to assist them and improve the efficiency of the healthcare system.
miRNA‐6236 Regulation of Postischemic Skeletal Muscle Angiogenesis
Authors: Mani Arul M. , Lamin Victor , Peach Ronan C. , Friesen Eli H. , Wong Thomas , Singh Madhu V. , Dokun Ayotunde O. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Peripheral arterial disease affects >200 million people worldwide and is characterized by impaired blood flow to the lower extremities. There are no effective medical treatments available. Using the mouse hind‐limb ischemia model and miRNA sequencing, we identified a novel miRNA, miR‐6236, whose expression significantly elevated in ischemic mouse limbs compared with nonischemic limbs. The role of miR‐6236 in general or in postischemic angiogenesis is not known. Here we describe its role using in vivo and in vitro models of peripheral arterial disease.

Methods and Results
In primary mouse and human endothelial cells, we studied the effect of simulated ischemia on miR‐6236 expression and assessed its role in cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and tube formation during ischemia. Furthermore, we developed miR‐6236 null mice and tested its role in postischemic perfusion recovery using the hind‐limb ischemia model. Lastly, using bioinformatics and gene expression analysis, we identified putative angiogenic miR‐6236 targets. In vitro simulated ischemia‐enhanced miR‐6236 expression in mouse and human endothelial cells, whereas its inhibition improved viability, migration, tube formation, and reduced apoptosis. In vivo ischemic mouse skeletal muscle tissue showed higher miR‐6236 expression compared with nonischemic muscles. Loss of miR‐6236 improved impaired postischemic perfusion recovery and poor angiogenesis associated with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in mice. Six of the 8 miR‐6236 predicted angiogenic target mRNAs showed expression consistent with regulation by miR‐6236 in ischemic skeletal muscle.

Conclusions
Our results show for the first time that miR‐6236 plays a key role in regulating postischemic perfusion recovery and angiogenesis.
Effect of Combination Antihypertensive Pills on Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Heaton Joseph , Johal Anmol , Alshami Abbas , Okoh Alexis , Udongwo Ndausung , Schoenfeld Matthew , Saybolt Matthew , Almendral Jesus , Sealove Brett 
Published: November 2024

Background
Hypertension is a global health issue causing increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Adherence to prescribed medication is a crucial factor in obtaining targeted outcomes, and fixed‐dose combined antihypertensive pills (FCAPs) have been shown to help combat difficulties associated with polypharmacy management. This study investigated the influence of combination antihypertensives on blood pressure (BP) management.

Methods and Results

Data from the 2013 to 2020 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) were analyzed. Participants were included if between 18 and 79 years of age and were prescribed 2 antihypertensive classes. BP was deemed controlled if <140/<90 mm Hg. Examiner documentation and questionnaire data determined prescription antihypertensive medication usage and the presence of an FCAP. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were used to compare the 2 groups. Subgroup analysis was performed for stricter BP goals of <130/<80 mm Hg. A total of 15 927 747 weighted participants met the inclusion criteria, 32.7% of whom were undergoing management with an FCAP. Participants with an FCAP were 1.78 (95% CI, 1.28–2.47,
P
=0.001) times more likely to have controlled BP (76.4% versus 67.3%) than those without an FCAP. Subgroup analysis revealed that FCAPs were associated with stricter BP goals (odds ratio [OR], 1.65,
P
=0.008; 87.6% versus 71.2%) compared with those without.

Conclusions
Participants with an FCAP were more likely to exhibit controlled BP, including participants with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and those targeting stricter control. Clinicians can immediately and meaningfully affect their patient's BP by opting for FCAPs.
Identification of Novel Proteins Mediating Causal Association Between Smoking and Essential Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Shi Jikang , Liang Zhuoshuai , Liu Zhantong , Pan Lingfeng , Hu Xinmeng , Tian Yuyang , Jin Huizhen , Liu Yawen , Cheng Yi , Zhang Ming 
Published: November 2024

Background
Smoking is a factor for hypertension. We aim to reveal novel plasma proteins mediating the relationship of smoking with hypertension and identify potential drug targets for hypertension on the basis of Mendelian randomization design.

Methods and Results
Data for smoking were selected from the largest genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis performed by the Genome‐Wide Association Study and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use. Data for plasma proteins were selected from the deCODE Health study and the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project. Data for hypertension were extracted from the FinnGen Study. Moreover, proteome‐wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses, 2‐step Mendelian randomization, and gene function and network prediction, as well as druggability assessment were performed. We finally identified 8 proteins (ANXA4 [annexin A4], DLK1 [protein delta homolog 1], KLB [β‐klotho], MMP8 [matrix metallopeptidase 8], PLAT [tissue‐type plasminogen activator], POSTN [periostin], SAT2 [thialysine N‐ε‐acetyltransferase], and IFNLR1 [interferon λ receptor 1]) mediating association of smoking with hypertension. PLAT and IFNLR1 were identified to be involved in the complement and coagulation cascades and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. ANXA4, KLB, MMP8, PLAT, and IFNLR1 had druggability. Moreover, IFNLR1 had strong evidence of genetic colocalization, because the posterior probability for H4 of IFNLR1 was 91.3%.

Conclusions
This study identified the 8 proteins that mediate causal association between smoking and essential hypertension. Interferon λ receptor agonist targeting IFNLR1 may open a new avenue for treating hypertension. Our discoveries provide new insights into protein pathogenesis of hypertension and to better guide hypertension prevention and treatment among smokers.
The Right to Strike before the icj: A Historical Challenge to the Coherence and Impact of the ilo Supervisory System
Authors: Maupain Francis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The International Labour Organization’s request for an International Court of Justice (icj) advisory opinion on protection of the right to strike under the Freedom of Association and Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) entails much more than first meets the eye. At stake is the coherence of the regular and special procedures available under the ilo Constitution in case of a failure to give effect to a ratified Convention, and ultimately, also the raison d’être and functioning of the tripartite organization itself. This article traces the emergence of the practice of the various procedural bodies involved (with a focus on the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations and the Committee on Freedom of Association), the origins of the current controversy over the right to strike, and challenges arising out of recent jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on the topic. Exploring the judicial/legislator dialectic, this article points out the contradictions and offers solutions for achieving coherence based on ilo constitutional provisions.