bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide application improves quinoa performance by affecting physiological and biochemical mechanisms under water‐deficit conditions
Authors: Iqbal H. , Yaning C. , Waqas M. , Rehman H. , Shareef M. , Iqbal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuinoa performance reduces under water‐limited conditions and can be improved through exogenous application of stress signalling molecule such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study was conducted to elucidate the role of H2O2 in quinoa at two water regimes maintained as full irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC~28% soil volumetric water contents; SVWC) and at 60% FC (~17% SVWC) as drought stress. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations, that is 80 mm for seed priming and 15 mm as foliar spray, were used from our preliminary experiments. Drought stress significantly reduced the plant growth, water status, photosynthetic activity and increased reactive oxygen species production (H2O2 and O2•−) resulting in higher oxidative damage in quinoa. Exogenous applied H2O2 as priming agent improved emergence attributes by earlier emergence and made quinoa more tolerant to upcoming drought stress. Nevertheless, exogenously applied H2O2 exhibited significantly higher stomatal conductance (34%), transpiration rate (39%), photosynthetic rate (42%), chlorophyll content index (36%), proline (19%) and total soluble sugar contents (14%) with respect to non‐treated plants under water‐deficit conditions. The H2O2 application regulated the Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration under both conditions and reduced it by 30% in drought‐stressed plants as compared to non‐treated stressed plants. The exogenous application also enhanced the enzymatic antioxidants activities, including SOD, POD, CAT and APX by 32%, 31%, 34% and 53%, respectively, in quinoa plants under drought stress. We conclude that exogenous applied H2O2 improved quinoa performance under drought stress is associated with higher accumulation of osmolytes, regulating ABA level and enhanced enzymatic antioxidant activities.
Sintering forces acting among particles during sintering by grain‐boundary/surface diffusion
Authors: Wakai Fumihiro , Guillon Olivier , Okuma Gaku , Nishiyama Norimasa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe microstructural evolution during sintering involves the formation and pinch‐off of pore channels. The sintering of 3 particles in 3 dimensions is a simple model for studying the pinch‐off of a pore channel. We simulate the solid‐state sintering of 3 particles by using Brakke's Surface Evolver program, which incorporates coupled grain‐boundary diffusion and surface diffusion. The pinch‐off of pore channel divides the sintering process into 2 stages; the initial stage and the later stage. The contact area has a noncircular shape bounded by both surface triple junction and triple junction in the later stage. A general method is presented to determine the sintering force acting on the noncircular contact. The mechanical approach of densification, where the relative motion of particles is driven by both sintering force and applied force, is applicable not only for the initial stage, but also for the later stage.
Attitudes Towards and Knowledge About Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Patients Among Italian Nurses: An Observational Study
Authors: Della Pelle Carlo , Cerratti Francesca , Di Giovanni Pamela , Cipollone Francesco , Cicolini Giancarlo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess Italian nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards gay and lesbian sexual orientation and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients, as there is currently no literature exploring the attitudes of nurses in Italy.MethodsA multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted between May 2015 to January 2016, using a data collection tool composed of three validated questionnaires and a sociodemographic form.FindingsEight hundred twenty‐four nurses filled out the questionnaire. Despite their awareness of homosexuality as a “natural expression of one's sexuality,” Italian nurses showed only moderately positive attitudes towards lesbian and gay patients. A more positive attitude was displayed by women when compared with men (p < .001). Greater knowledge of homosexuality was associated with female gender (p = .042), moderate‐wing political affiliation (p = .014), and more affirmative behaviors (p = .008). Men were found to have greater awareness of being prepared to care for LGBT people (p = .022).ConclusionsAlthough Italian nurses displayed moderately positive attitudes and affirmative behaviors, there is the need to increase their cultural competencies regarding sexual minorities.Clinical RelevanceLGBT patients feel some discomfort in approaching physicians or nurses. It is important to know nurses’ attitudes in caring for LGBT patients in order to modify inappropriate and discriminatory behaviors.
Physical properties of a novel small‐particle hyaluronic acid filler: In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies
Authors: Cho Sung Yeon , Park June Whan , An Hyoseok , Ko Hyun Ju , Kim Hyuk , Choi Jin Kyu , Choi Sun Young , Kim Sung Min , Ko Eun Jung , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundInfraorbital region is one of the most important regions that show the signs of aging. In recent years, hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been used to correct this region for esthetic treatments. Although HA fillers with various physical properties are used, limited research has been performed to compare their efficacy.ObjectiveWe aimed to compare three HA fillers to determine which is the most appropriate filler for the correction of the infraorbital region and evaluate the correction of such by performing a clinical test using CLEVIEL Fine.MethodsWe performed in vitro and in vivo tests using one new HA filler and two other commercial HA fillers. We compared the rheological properties, resistance to degradation, and in vivo duration test results of the three fillers. Nine patients participated in the clinical test using CLEVIEL Fine for 24 weeks.ResultsCLEVIEL Fine showed good rheological and physical characteristics for the infraorbital region. It had a low elasticity and cohesiveness, low incidence of postinjection swelling, high tanδ, narrow particle distribution, and small particle size. Further, it showed better resistance to the enzymes and radicals in the in vitro test than the other two HA fillers and a similar duration in the mouse test. In the clinical test, all patients showed good elasticity and hydration in the infraorbital region for 24 weeks.ConclusionsCLEVIEL Fine was proven to be safe and effective based on the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical study results.
Helmet use in bicycles and non‐motorised wheeled recreational vehicles in children
Authors: Ong Jessica SY , Soundappan Sannappa V , Adams Sarah , Adams Susan 
Published: April 2018

AimInjuries involving non‐motorised wheeled recreational vehicles (NMWRV) and bicycles are a common cause for hospitalisation in children. Studies show that helmet use whilst bicycle riding can decrease mortality and morbidity due to head injury. However, there remains an important proportion of children who are non‐helmet users (NHU). This study aims to investigate helmet use and attitudes and injury patterns in children presenting with trauma after riding bicycles and other NMWRVs.MethodsA prospective cohort study was undertaken over 8 months of children aged 0–16 years, who presented with injury secondary to bicycle or NMWRV to the emergency department of two tertiary paediatric centres. Demographics, incident, injury severity and attitudes towards helmet use were compared between helmet users and NHU.ResultsA total of 342 children were included – 41% (n = 139) scooter riders, 39% (n = 133) bicyclists, 18% (n = 61) skateboarders and 2% (n = 9) in‐line skaters. Of those interviewed (n = 161), 58% (n = 93) wore a helmet, with children riding bicycles significantly more likely to be helmeted than NMWRV (75 vs. 48%, P = 0.01). NHU were more likely to be admitted to hospital (P = 0.05) and to sustain a major head injury (P = 0.009). The main influence on helmet use was parental rules. The biggest factor influencing non‐helmet use was perceived low levels of danger.ConclusionsDespite legislation mandating this, helmet use is not universal in cyclists, particularly younger riders. Even fewer NMWRV riders use them. To promote helmet use, a multifaceted approach aimed at altering community norms and individual behaviours and attitudes is required.
Simple menus of cost‐based contracts with monotone optimal effort
Authors: An Yonghong , Zhang Daiqiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper extends the fixed‐price cost‐reimbursement (FPCR) menu by allowing the agent's cost‐reducing optimal effort to be monotone in the agent's cost type. We show that the performance of the optimal FPCR menu relies crucially on the monotonicity of optimal effort. In particular, in an optimal FPCR menu, if the optimal effort is increasing in type and only a portion of cost types are induced to exert effort, the performance of the optimal FPCR menu can be very poor relative to the fully optimal contract. Our results suggest that in designing an optimal FPCR menu it is important for the principal to take into account the cost structure or, more exactly, the monotonicity of optimal effort in type.
The anti‐inflammatory effect of 10‐oxo‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Sulijaya B. , Takahashi N. , Yamada M. , Yokoji M. , Sato K. , Aoki‐Nonaka Y. , Nakajima T. , Kishino S. , Ogawa J. , Yamazaki K. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThere is rapidly developing interest into the role of several anti‐inflammatory agents to resolve inflammation in periodontal disease. A bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10‐oxo‐trans‐11‐octadecenoic acid (KetoC), is known to have various beneficial physiological effects; however, the effect of KetoC on inflammation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and explored the intracellular mechanism responsible for its anti‐inflammatory effects.MethodsRAW 264.7 cells were pre‐treated with or without KetoC, and then stimulated with or without P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Specific antagonists for G protein‐coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 were used to clarify the receptor for KetoC. The intracellular mechanism was investigated using western blotting analysis to separate nuclear and cytosolic NF‐κB p65 protein.ResultKetoC (5 μmol/L) was not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly reduced the expression of TNFα and IL‐6 mRNA and protein, and IL‐1β mRNA. No protein production of IL‐1β was observed. Additionally, when bound to GPR120, KetoC trended to downregulate nuclear NF‐κB p65 protein levels. However, the antagonist for GPR40 failed to diminish the action of KetoC.ConclusionKetoC suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL‐6 and IL‐1β via NF‐κB p65, by binding to its receptor GPR120. KetoC is a promising candidate in future studies as a bioactive anti‐inflammatory agent in treating periodontal disease.
The diagnosis and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in Dutch haematology units facing a rapidly increasing prevalence of azole‐resistance. A nationwide survey and rationale for the DB‐MSG 002 study protocol
Authors: Schauwvlieghe Alexander F. A. D. , de Jonge Nick , van Dijk Karin , Verweij Paul E. , Brüggemann Roger J. , Biemond Bart J. , Bart Aldert , von dem Borne Peter A. , Verbon Annelies , van der Beek Martha T. , Demandt Astrid M. P. , Oudhuis Guy J. , Cornelissen Jan J. , van der Velden Walter J. F. M. , Span Lambert F. R. , Kampinga Greetje A. , Bruns Anke H. , Vonk Alieke G. , Haas Pieter–Jan A. , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Rijnders Bart J. A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPatients with haematological malignancies are at risk for invasive fungal diseases (IFD). A survey was conducted in all Dutch academic haematology centres on their current diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic approach towards IFD in the context of azole‐resistance. In all 8 centres, a haematologist and microbiologist filled in the questionnaire that focused on different subgroups of haematology patients. Fungal prophylaxis during neutropaenia was directed against Candida and consisted of fluconazole and/or amphotericin B suspension. Mould‐active prophylaxis was given to acute myeloid leukaemia patients during chemotherapy in 2 of 8 centres. All centres used azole prophylaxis in a subset of patients with graft‐versus‐host disease. A uniform approach towards the diagnosis and treatment of IFD and in particular azole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus was lacking. In 2017, all centres agreed to implement a uniform diagnostic and treatment algorithm regarding invasive aspergillosis with a central role for comprehensive diagnostics and PCR‐based detection of azole‐resistance. This study (DB‐MSG 002) will re‐evaluate this algorithm when 280 patients have been treated. A heterogeneous approach towards antifungal prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment was apparent in the Netherlands. Facing triazole‐resistance, consensus was reached on the implementation of a uniform diagnostic approach in all 8 centres.
Does a glucose‐based hydrogen and methane breath test detect bacterial overgrowth in the jejunum?
Authors: Sundin O. H. , Mendoza‐Ladd A. , Morales E. , Fagan B. M. , Zeng M. , Diaz‐Arévalo D. , Ordoñez J. , McCallum R. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundDirect diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) requires the collection and culture of fluid from the jejunal lumen, with a finding of over 105 viable bacteria per mL. More often, SIBO is diagnosed indirectly, using a non‐invasive test of the exhaled hydrogen and methane generated by microbial fermentation when ingested glucose reaches the jejunum. Our objective was to determine how well this breath test detects chronic overgrowth of jejunal bacteria that is unrelated to gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsEighteen patients reporting symptoms consistent with SIBO received a glucose breath test. On a later day, the jejunal lumen was sampled via aspiration during enteroscopy. Jejunal aspirates were cultured on aerobic and anaerobic media. DNA was extracted from the same samples and analyzed by quantitative pan‐bacterial PCR amplification of 16S ribosomal rRNA genes, which provided a culture‐independent bacterial cell count.Key ResultsCombined bacterial colony counts ranged from 5.7 x 103 to 7.9 x 106 CFU/mL. DNA‐based yields ranged from 1.5 x 105 to 3.1 x 107 bacterial genomes per mL. Microbial viability ranged from 0.3% to near 100%. We found no significant correlation of glucose breath test results with either the number of bacterial colonies or with the DNA‐based bacterial cell counts. Instead, higher signals in the hydrogen‐methane breath test were significantly correlated with a lower viability of jejunal bacteria, at a P‐value of .014.Conclusions & InferencesThe glucose‐based hydrogen and methane breath test is not sensitive to the overgrowth of jejunal bacteria. However, a positive breath test may indicate altered jejunal function and microbial dysbiosis.
Ectomycorrhizal associations in the tropics – biogeography, diversity patterns and ecosystem roles
Authors: Corrales Adriana , Henkel Terry W. , Smith Matthew E. 
Published: April 2018

Contents

Summary
1076

I.
Introduction
1076

II.
Historical overview
1077

III.
Identities and distributions of tropical ectomycorrhizal plants
1077

IV.
Dominance of tropical forests by ECM trees
1078

V.
Biogeography of tropical ECM fungi
1081

VI.
Beta diversity patterns in tropical ECM fungal communities
1082

VII.
Conclusions and future research
1086

Acknowledgements
1087

References
1087

SummaryEctomycorrhizal (ECM) associations were historically considered rare or absent from tropical ecosystems. Although most tropical forests are dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, ECM associations are widespread and found in all tropical regions. Here, we highlight emerging patterns of ECM biogeography, diversity and ecosystem functions, identify knowledge gaps, and offer direction for future research. At the continental and regional scales, tropical ECM systems are highly diverse and vary widely in ECM plant and fungal abundance, diversity, composition and phylogenetic affinities. We found strong regional differences among the dominant host plant families, suggesting that biogeographical factors strongly influence tropical ECM symbioses. Both ECM plants and fungi also exhibit strong turnover along altitudinal and soil fertility gradients, suggesting niche differentiation among taxa. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are often more abundant and diverse in sites with nutrient‐poor soils, suggesting that ECM associations can optimize plant nutrition and may contribute to the maintenance of tropical monodominant forests. More research is needed to elucidate the diversity patterns of ECM fungi and plants in the tropics and to clarify the role of this symbiosis in nutrient and carbon cycling.
Evaluating the effect of nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes on the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: Wang Mengying , Liu Dongjing , Schwender Holger , Wang Hong , Wang Ping , Zhou Zhibo , Li Jing , Wu Tao , Zhu Hongping , Beaty Terri H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveMultiple studies have suggested nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), and lung cancer may have common genetic etiology. Previous studies have showed genetic variants in nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes (CHRNs) may influence risk of lung cancer. We aimed to explore the effect of CHRNs on risk of NSCL/P considering gene–gene (GxG) interaction for these genes.Subjects and MethodsWe selected 120 markers in 14 CHRNs to test for GxG interaction using 806 Chinese case–parent trios recruited from an international consortium established for a GWAS of oral clefts.ResultsTotally, two pairs of SNPs yielded significant GxG interactions after Bonferroni correction (rs935865 and rs2337980 with p = 4.04 × 10−5, rs2741335 and rs3743077 with p = 4.80 × 10−4), and these pairwise interactions were confirmed in permutation tests. In addition, the relative risk (RR) of the putative interaction between rs935865 and rs2337980 was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.92~1.31).ConclusionsWhile the single SNP association and the gene–environment interaction analysis of 14 CHRN genes yielded no signal, this study did demonstrate the importance of considering potential GxG interaction for exploring etiology of NSCL/P. This study suggests an important role for particular combinations of SNPs in CHRN genes in influencing risk to NSCL/P, which needs further study.
Lymphatic imaging and intervention in a pediatric population: Anesthetic considerations
Authors: Jobes David R. , Brown Lauren A. , Dori Yoav , Itkin Maxim , Nicolson Susan C. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe recent adoption of an improved lymphatic access technique coupled with Dynamic Contrast‐enhanced Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography has introduced the ability to diagnose and treat severe lymphatic disorders unresponsive to other therapies. All pediatric patients presenting for lymphatic procedures require general anesthesia presenting challenges in managing highly morbid and comorbid conditions both from logistical as well as medical aspects. General anesthesia is used because of the procedural requirement for immobility to accurately place needles and catheters, treat pain secondary to contrast and glue injections, and to accommodate additional procedures. We reviewed a one‐year cohort of all pediatric patients in a newly created Center for Lymphatic Imaging and Intervention at a tertiary care children's hospital presenting for lymphatic procedures. The patients ranged in age from 4 days to 17 years and weighed from 2.5 to 92 kg. There were 106 anesthetics for 68 patients. Patients were functionally impaired (98% ASA 3 or 4) and included significant comorbidities (79.4%). Concurrent with lymphatic imaging and intervention additional procedures were frequently performed (76%). They included cardiac catheterization, bronchoscopy, endoscopy, and drain placement (thoracic or abdominal). Paralysis and controlled ventilation was used for all interventions. Reversal of paralysis and tracheal extubation occurred in all patients not previously managed by invasive respiratory support. All patients having an intervention were admitted to intensive care for observation where escalation of care or complications (fever, hypotension, bleeding, or stroke) occurred in 25% in the first 24 hours.
Deficient neural activity subserving decision‐making during reward waiting time in intertemporal choice in adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Todokoro Ayako , Tanaka Saori C. , Kawakubo Yuki , Yahata Noriaki , Ishii‐Takahashi Ayaka , Nishimura Yukika , Kano Yukiko , Ohtake Fumio , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: April 2018

AimImpulsivity, which significantly affects social adaptation, is an important target behavioral characteristic in interventions for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Typically, people are willing to wait longer to acquire greater rewards. Impulsivity in ADHD may be associated with brain dysfunction in decision‐making involving waiting behavior under such situations. We tested the hypothesis that brain circuitry during a period of waiting (i.e., prior to the acquisition of reward) is altered in adults with ADHD.MethodsThe participants included 14 medication‐free adults with ADHD and 16 healthy controls matched for age, sex, IQ, and handedness. The behavioral task had participants choose between a delayed, larger monetary reward and an immediate, smaller monetary reward, where the reward waiting time actually occurred during functional magnetic resonance imaging measurement. We tested for group differences in the contrast values of blood‐oxygen‐level dependent signals associated with the length of waiting time, calculated using the parametric modulation method.ResultsWhile the two groups did not differ in the time discounting rate, the delay‐sensitive contrast values were significantly lower in the caudate and visual cortex in individuals with ADHD. The higher impulsivity scores were significantly associated with lower delay‐sensitive contrast values in the caudate and visual cortex.ConclusionThese results suggest that deficient neural activity affects decision‐making involving reward waiting time during intertemporal choice tasks, and provide an explanation for the basis of impulsivity in adult ADHD.
General approach to coordinate representation of compositional tables
Authors: Fačevicová Kamila , Hron Karel , Todorov Valentin , Templ Matthias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCompositional tables can be considered a continuous counterpart to the well‐known contingency tables. Their cells, which generally contain positive real numbers rather than just counts, carry relative information about relationships between two factors. Hence, compositional tables can be seen as a generalization of (vector) compositional data. Due to their relative character, compositions are commonly expressed in orthonormal coordinates using a sequential binary partition prior to being further processed by standard statistical tools. Unfortunately, the resulting coordinates do not respect the two‐dimensional nature of compositional tables. Information about relationship between factors is thus not well captured. The aim of this paper is to present a general system of orthonormal coordinates with respect to the Aitchison geometry, which allows for an analysis of the interactions between factors in a compositional table. This is achieved using logarithms of odds ratios, which are also widely used in the context of contingency tables.