bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LASIK-induced Corneal Changes after Correction of Hyperopia with and without Application of Mitomycin-C
Authors: Moawad Ehab M. , Elghany Ahmed A. Abd , Gab-Alla Amr A. , Elbassiouny Osama M. , Badawy Mohsen S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background

The study aimed to assess the role of intraoperative mitomycin-C (MMC) application during hyperopic LASIK correction (+1.00 D to +6.00 D) by examining topographic corneal changes and incidence of regression over a one-year follow-up period.

Methods

This comparative randomized control study included 136 eyes of 68 hyperopic patients divided into two groups; Group A included 68 eyes of 34 patients that had LASIK with the application of 0.02% MMC for 10 seconds on the stromal bed after excimer laser treatment, and group B included 68 eyes of 34 patients that had LASIK without MMC application. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refraction, keratometry and topography were recorded at 1st week and 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months postoperation. Predictability and treatment efficacy were also recorded at the end of the follow-up period.

Results

Better predictability was noted in group A than in group B at the 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits, with a mean cycloplegic refraction SE of +0.5 ± 0.31 D in group A and +0.67 ± 0.39 D in group B at the 6 month visit, and +0.63 ± 0.37 D in group A and +0.89 ± 0.48 D in group B at the 12 month visit. The efficacy of the treatment at the end of the follow up period was better in group A than in group B. Group A showed fewer topographic corneal changes than group B.

Conclusions

Intraoperative MMC application during hyperopic LASIK achieves better predictability and efficacy and induces fewer topographic changes and lower regression rate of hyperopia during the first postoperative year.

Trial registration: the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201901543722087, on 29 January 2019.
Maximising the relevance of randomised trials to primary care: a qualitative study.
Authors: Forbes Gordon John , Loudon Kirsty , Clinch Megan , Taylor Stephanie JC , Treweek Shaun , Eldridge Sandra 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Pragmatic trials have been suggested as a way to improve the relevance of clinical trial results to practice. PRECIS-2 is a trial design tool which considers how pragmatic a trial is across a number of domains. It is not known whether a pragmatic approach to all PRECIS-2 domains leads to results being more relevant to primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate the views of people with influence on primary care practice towards the design of randomised trials, pragmatic approaches to trial design, and the PRECIS-2 domains.
Methods
We carried out semi-structured interviews with people who influence practice in primary care in the UK. A thematic analysis was undertaken using the framework approach.
Results
We conducted individual or small group interviews involving 17 individuals in total. We found a wide range of views. These highlighted that an exclusively pragmatic approach may not always make the results of trials more applicable to primary care. For example, it may be better to have less flexibility in the way interventions are delivered in randomised trials than in practice. In addition, an appropriate balance needs to be struck when thinking about levels of resourcing and the intensity of steps needed to improve adherence in a trial. Across other aspects of a trial’s design, for example the population and trial setting, a pragmatic approach was viewed as more appropriate.
Conclusions
To maximize the relevance of research directed at primary care, trials should be conducted with the same populations and settings that are found in primary care. Across other aspects of trials it is not always necessary to match the conditions found in practice.
Application of Phosphorus, Iron, and Silicon Reduces Yield Loss in Rice Exposed to Water Deficit Stress
Authors: Kumar Anjani , Nayak A. K. , Pani D.R. , Das B.S. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Application of phosphorus, iron, and silicon was able to arrest the yield decline under water deficit stress.
There was no significant interaction among phosphorus, iron, and silicon on grain yield.
Application of these nutrients increased drought tolerance in plants.
ABSTRACTA foremost challenge in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is to identify suitable nutrient management strategy for reducing yield loss under water deficit stress (WDS) condition. This study investigated the interactive effects of water regime and nutrient management on grain yield and stress metabolites. Accordingly, a 2‐yr field experiment in factorial design with two levels of water management (i) well watered (WW; maintaining 5 ± 2 cm standing water) and (ii) water deficit stressed (WDS) to −60 kPa and two levels of supplementary P, Fe, and Si application was conducted. As compared to WW condition, WDS saved 52 and 46% irrigation water in 2014 and 2015 respectively, however the grain yield decreased by 32–34% under WDS as compared to WW. Application of P, Fe, and Si under WDS condition significantly increased grain yield by 7, 9, and 12%, respectively. Reduced relative water content and increased activity of osmolyte (proline) and antioxidant metabolites (catalase and peroxidase) due to application of P, Fe, and Si contributed to tolerate the WDS, which resulted in higher grain yield. Due to absence of significant interaction between P, Fe, and Si on grain yield, there was no significant advantage of application of more than one of these nutrients together. The results indicate that, application of P, Fe, and Si can increase rice grain yield and can reduce the yield loss under WDS as compared to WW condition in silt loam textured soil in Eastern India.
Optical and Molecular Signatures of Dissolved Organic Matter Reflect Anthropogenic Influence in a Coastal River, Northeast China
Authors: He Ding , He Chen , Li Penghui , Zhang Xiaowen , Shi Quan , Sun Yongge 
Published: March 2019

Sources and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coastal rivers have been tightly linked with its reactivity and fate, thus influencing element and nutrient cycling. The DOM in coastal rivers is usually sourced from both terrestrial and marine inputs, with further complication by anthropogenic activities, which is less understood in coastal rivers located near populated industrial regions. In this study, DOM in a typical anthropogenically influenced coastal river, Daliao River, was analyzed for optical analyses and for molecular composition via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR MS) to give a better scope of composition and sources of DOM. The DOM was enriched in autochthonous and anthropogenic inputs at upstream sites according to high chlorophyll a concentrations, strong protein‐like fluorescence, and nonoxygen heteroatomic CHOS formulae (19–24% by relative peak intensity) detected by FT‐ICR MS analysis. A series of surfactant‐like formulae, indicative of wastewater inputs, were identified and showed a decreasing trend from upstream to the river mouth. Compared with large world rivers, the DOM of Daliao River is characterized by higher abundances of heteroatomic (excluding O) formulae and molecular lability, which is likely caused by strong autochthonous and anthropogenic inputs. In general, we demonstrate that in addition to optical properties, the molecular composition can assess the specific anthropogenic imprints and molecular lability of DOM, which is essential for constraining sources and identifying processes during the transit of DOM from the river to estuary with increasing urbanization and industrialization.Core Ideas
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was characterized in a temperate Chinese coastal river.
Molecular composition of DOM was studied at the first time in this river.
A significant proportion of S‐containing formulae were detected.
Anthropogenic inputs affected the optical and molecular signatures of DOM.
More heteroatomic compounds were observed in Daliao River than in the largest world rivers.
Geo-spatial modeling of access to water and sanitation in Nigeria
Authors: Ajisegiri Benson , Andres Luis A. , Bhatt Samir , Dasgupta Basab , Echenique Juan A. , Gething Peter W. , Zabludovsky Jonathan Grabinsky , Joseph George 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the development and implementation of a geo-spatial model for mapping populations’ access to specified types of water and sanitation services in Nigeria. The analysis uses geo-referenced, population-representative data from the National Water and Sanitation Survey 2015, along with relevant geo-spatial covariates. The model generates predictions for levels of access to seven indicators of water and sanitation services across Nigeria at a resolution of 1 × 1 km2. Overall, the findings suggest a sharp urban–rural divide in terms of access to improved water, basic water, and improved water on premises, a low availability of piped water on premises and of sewerage systems throughout the country, a high concentration of improved sanitation in select states, and low rates of nationwide open defecation, with a few pockets of high rates of open defecation in the central and southern non-coastal regions. Predictions promise to hone the targeting of policies meant to improve access to basic services in various regions of the country.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
“Digital” generation in the educational system of the Russian region: problems and solutions
Authors: Butsyk S. V. 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of the research is to analyze pedagogical problems stemming from the emergence of a new “digital” generation in Russian educational organizations of various levels (secondary schools, universities), and search for possible solutions to these problems primarily aimed at reducing the negative impact of digital devices in students’ activities.Materials and research methods are based on a number of foreign publications in the field of pedagogy, psychology, neurophysiology, conducted in the USA, Great Britain, Singapore and other countries since the 2000s, as well as studies of the “digital” generation of Russia in the mid-2010s. This research applied a specially developed technique that enabled conducting a relative assessment of the impact of digital devices on the activities of various students’ groups of an educational system (secondary schools - university) in one of the major Russian regions.Results of the study conducted in 2018 in one university and several schools of various types in a region of the Russian Federation reveals that the ninth grade lyceum students show a noticeably lower degree of the effect of digital devices on their daily activities compared to the first-year students of the same university. A similar indicator of a ninth-grade students’ group of a comprehensive secondary school, on the contrary, is significantly higher when compared to that of the first-year university students. The author substantiates two main reasons that lead to this result: 1) a more optimal workload of learning and cognitive activity of lyceum students, which, as a result, significantly reduces their free time, that could be spent on entertainment/ communication; 2) better control from the parents of lyceum students.Conclusion. The article describes two pedagogical models that allow, according to the author, to reduce the negative impact of digital devices on the younger generation. The first model (demonstrated at the Singapore Institute of Education), aimed at encouraging students to use gadgets for educational purposes, suggests a number of pedagogical conditions, both artificial (organizational and technological) and natural (age restrictions). The second model, on the one hand, does not impose strict age restrictions, but, at the same time, requires an educational organization to implement the training system that would effectively motivate students to learning and cognitive activity (with or without gadgets) on school days.
Personal account of the employer in the system of evaluation of the student team
Authors: Rochev K. V. , Modanov A. V. , Korshunov G. V. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of research. The article describes the mechanism of formation of electronic portfolio and evaluation of the student team at the University and considers the relevance of the use of such a database by employers. Based on the above-mentioned relevance, it is proposed to develop a personal account of the employer as a service over the interuniversity database of the electronic portfolio.Materials and methods. Assessment of students in the personal account of the employer is based on the index method with a floating base on the basis of linear convolution with three-stage normalization. The article also discusses the implementation of this project with a description of technologies and approaches used in software development on the example of business process design based on structural analysis - a diagram of top-level data flows and a description of the project implementation based on service architecture and Single-Page approach is given.Results. At this stage, methods have been developed and tested and a list of key indicators for evaluating students’ activities has been defined, a system for collecting, approving and evaluating student achievement data has been implemented. Based on these data it is possible to obtain a reliable formalized portfolio for students and graduates of the University. The employer’s personal account and data import services from external portfolio systems are at the final stage of development. The completion of this stage will provide employers with access to information about future employees, obtaining a list of the gifted students for the appointment of corporate scholarships, campaigning, attracting students’ attention to professional implementation, selection and appointment of topics of course and diploma projects and some other opportunities.Conclusion. In conclusion, the article discusses the prospects for the development and implementation of this project: assessment of the activities of young employees, testing and questionnaires of students by employers, numerical assessment of the degree of compliance of graduates with the requirements of professional standards.
Domino Liver Transplantation: Where are we Now?
Authors: Santopaolo Francesco , Lenci Ilaria , Bosa Alessandra , Angelico Mario , Milana Martina , Baiocchi Leonardo 
Published: March 2019

Background:Domino transplant occurs when a recipient explanted graft is used for a second recipient.Introduction:The first experience came from thoracic surgery by the observation that many patients during heart-lung transplantation actually showed a functional heart that could be employed in other subjects with a good result.Results:This concept was then extended to the field of liver transplantation. At present, some patients transplanted for an inborn metabolic disease may be considered as excellent domino liver donors.Conclusion:The results, limitations, clinical challenges and the donor and recipient features of domino liver transplantation are discussed in this manuscript.
Prospek Desain Reaktor Berbahan Bakar Cair Molten Salt Reactor
Authors: Suhaemi Tjipta 
Published: March 2019

Konsep desain reaktor Generasi IV adalah hasil dari upaya riset teknologi reaktor dan energi nuklir yang melibatkan 10 negara maju dalam Forum Internasional Generasi IV (GIF). Ada beberapa konsep desain reaktor kandidat yang potensial untuk diimplementasikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi dunia di masa mendatang. Salah satu dari reaktor Generasi IV adalah reaktor MSR (Molten Salt Reactor). Makalah ini membahas studi dan observasi awal desain reaktor MSR dengan melakukan tinjauan komprehensif terhadap deskripsi dan karakteristik desain bahan bakar, tipe pendingin, aspek keselamatan. Konsep MSR menawarkan fitur-fitur unik seperti efisiensi dan stabilitas termal tinggi, fleksibilitas spektrum neutron, inherent safe, tekanan operasi rendah, dan beberapa aspek lain. Fitur-fitur itu sangat mendukung untuk operasi reaktor yang murah dan memiliki sistem keselamatan yang lebih baik, sebagai pemenuhan syarat untuk reaktor generasi IV. Reaktor MSR mempunyai keunggulan, antara lain koefisien reaktivitas negatif pada void dan penggunaan bahan bakar cair yang menghindarkan terjadinya steam explosion. Untuk pengembangan MSR supaya benar-benar siap diproduksi secara komersil, tentu butuh riset dan pengumpulan data lebih lanjut berkenaan dengan keseluruhan bagian reaktor, termasuk mengatasi risiko terjadinya korosi pada material reaktor dan perawatan. Dengan berbagai keunikan dan keunggulan yang ditawarkannya, bisa dikatakan MSR memiliki prospek yang sangat cerah untuk digunakan di masa depan.
Pemanfaatan Panas Buang Atap Seng dengan Menggunakan Generator Termoelektrik sebagai Sumber Energi Listrik Terbarukan
Authors: Putra Aby Elsa , Rifky Rifky , Fikri Agus 
Published: March 2019

This research was conducted to utilize waste heat energy zinc roof for a revamped into a source of electrical energy. Waste heat utilization of zinc using thermoelectric generator type of TEC-12706 to convert thermal energy into electrical energy and the fan with speed 5 m/s to hold a low temperature in a cold area of heatsink. This research was conducted using a test simulation tool made by zinc, aluminum and acrilic. Waste heat utilization of testing zinc roof done starting at 09.00 WIB until 15.00 WIB for 3 days, with some measured parameters required as the intensity of solar radiation (Es), airspeed (v), current (I), power (W) and temperature (T) some of which are found in the system tools of simulation testing. From the results of testing performed, the value of the highest efficiency i.e. of 0,00888% and the largest electrical power generated in the amount of 0,0042 W. A high intensity of the solar radiation it will affect the temperature of the environment which will also have an effect on the temperature in the cold area of heatsink, then the value of the temperature difference will also be affected. Heat resistance value on the system also affects the value of the waste heat energy can be changed into electrical energy.
Tissue response resulting from different force magnitudes combined with corticotomy in rats
Authors: Kraiwattanapong Kriangkrai , Samruajbenjakun Bancha 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To evaluate the amount of hyalinization and root resorption after application of light and heavy forces during corticotomy-assisted tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used. Eight animals were the control group (day 0). The other 40 animals were randomly divided into two groups using the split-mouth technique: (1) corticotomy combined light force (CLF) and (2) corticotomy combined heavy force (CHF). Nickel-titanium closed coil springs that generated 10 g (light force) and 50 g (heavy force) were used for maxillary first molar movement. three-dimensional root volume was evaluated at 0, 14, and 28 days. Percent hyalinization was analyzed at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days by histomorphometric analysis.

Results:
The CHF group showed significantly lower cervical root volume than the CLF group at 28 days. Compared with day 0, the CHF group showed significantly less root volume in both distobuccal and distopalatal roots at 28 days. The hyalinization percentages in the CHF group were significantly higher than the CLF group at days 3 and 21.

Conclusions:
Heavy force combined with corticotomy produced more periodontal ligament hyalinization and root resorption than the light force combined with corticotomy.
Surgical Site Infections - A Hospital Havoc: Retrospective Study of Surgical Site Infections in Tertiary Health Care Centre in North East India
Authors: Singh V , W V Lyngdoh A B Khyriem, , Lyngdoh C J 
Published: March 2019

Objectives - Surgical site infections (SSI) has turn out to be a major problem even in hospital with most modern facilities and standard protocols of pre -operative preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Objective of this study is to know the prevalence of surgical site infection among the postoperative patients and to identify the relationship between SSI and etiological pathogens along with their antimicrobial susceptibility at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong.
Methods - A retrospective case study conducted at NEIGRIHMS, among patients admitted to the surgical departments during the period between January 1st and December 31st 2016. Swabs from the surgical sites were collected under sterile conditions and standard bacteriological tests were performed for identification and appropriate statistical methods were employed to look for association between SSI and etiological pathogens.
Results - Out of the 1284 samples included in the study, 192 samples showed evidence of SSI yielding an infection rate of 14.9%. The most commonly isolated bacteria were: Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus, of the gram negative isolates 6.2% were multidrug resistant of which 19% were carbapenem resistant.
Conclusion - SSI with multiple drug resistance strains and polymicrobial etiology reflects therapeutic failure. The outcome of the SSI surveillance in our hospital revealed that in order to decrease the incidence of SSI we would have to: a) incorporate a proper antibiotic stewardship b) conduct periodic surveillance to keep a check on SSI d) educate medical staffs regarding the prevention of surgical site infection.
Sensitive and Reliable Indicator between Broca’s Index and Metropolitan Life Insurance Height - Weight Charts in First Year Medical Student
Authors: D. Godia Dr. Haresh , Nikam Dr. Lalit H 
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study was confined to healthy groups. Care was taken to exclude persons suffering from obvious disease and/ or recent history of illness Aims and Objective of present study are:-
To assess out a sensitive and reliable indicator between Broca’s Index and Metropolitan Life Insurance Height - Weight charts.
Materials and Methods: The present study were carried out on 100 1st M.B.B.S. students of GSMC Mumbai and Tertiary Care Hospital Mumbai (50 males and 50 females) not suffering from any major illness.
Conclusion: Broca’s Index does not take build into consideration. It therefore gives high values for weight. On the other hand Metropolitan Life Insurance Tables give more accurate estimate of person’s nutritional status and they should be used as a reliable indicator for nutritional assessment. Adolescence, being an important period of physiological and psychological changes occurring in the body; is important since these changes can have effect in diet and nutrition of an individual leading to improper consumption of food and various deficiency diseases. Studies carried out on adolescents are very limited and it is needed to assess the nutritional status of adolescents