bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R180T variant of δ‐ornithine aminotransferase associated with gyrate atrophy: biochemical, computational, X‐ray and NMR studies provide insight into its catalytic features
Authors: Montioli Riccardo , Paiardini Alessandro , Giardina Giorgio , Zanzoni Serena , Cutruzzola Francesca , Cellini Barbara , Borri Voltattorni Carla 
Published: April 2019

Among the over 50 gyrate atrophy‐causing mutations of ornithine δ‐aminotransferase (OAT), the R180T involves an active site residue located at the dimer interface, which in the crystal structure of OAT complexed with 5‐fluoromethylornithine engages a salt bridge with the α‐carboxylate of the substrate analogue. Starting from the previous finding that no transaminase activity was detected in CHO‐K1 cells expressing the R180T variant, here we try to shed light at the protein level on the structural and/or functional defects of the R180T variant. To this aim, the variant has been cloned, expressed, purified and characterized by a combination of biochemical and structural studies. Although the R180T variant shares a similar overall conformation with the wild‐type, its crystal structure solved at 1.8 Ǻ reveals slight structural alterations at the active site and at the dimeric interface. These changes are consistent with the spectroscopic and kinetic results, indicating that the variant, as compared with the wild‐type OAT, shows (a) an increased Km value for l‐ornithine (l‐Orn), (b) an altered pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate binding mode and affinity and (c) an increased thermostability. In addition, the R180T mutant exhibits a remarkable loss of catalytic activity and is endowed with the ability to catalyse not only the δ‐transamination but also, albeit to a lesser extent, the α‐transamination of l‐Orn. Overall, these data indicate that the slight structural changes caused by the R180T mutation, preventing a proper collocation of l‐Orn at the active site of OAT, are responsible for the notable reduction of the catalytic efficiency.EnzymesOrnithine aminotransferase EC 2.6.1.13.Databases6HX7.pdb.
Nonlinear fatigue crack propagation in a baffle module of Wendelstein 7‐X under cyclic bending loads
Authors: Lepore Marcello , Berto Filippo , Maligno Angelo R. , Fellinger Joris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSimulation of the fatigue crack propagation in a Wendelstein 7‐X baffle module is performed in this study using both a finite element method‐based software and the UniGrow nonlinear model for small‐scale yielding (SSY) conditions. Some experimental fatigue tests of several cracked baffle modules have been performed through a servo‐hydraulic machine. One of these experimental tests has been considered to simulate fatigue crack propagation in the baffle module. Before starting the experimental test, a first crack partly contained in the welding seam and partly in the steel pipe is found. Subsequently, owing to the applied load, the crack propagated both into the welding seam and into the steel pipe until the plastic zone in the near field attains SSY conditions. Finally, owing to the increase in the extension of the plastic zone, SSY conditions are not more valid, and the breakage of the steel pipe is produced by plastic collapse.
Translation and validation of the Greek version of an ageism scale for dental students (ASDS_Gr)
Authors: Kossioni Anastassia E. , Ioannidou Kyriaki , Kalyva Daphne , Marchini Leonardo , Hartshorn Jennifer , Kaufman Laura , Smith Becky , Barlow Patrick B. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the validation of a new 27‐item ageism scale for dental students in Greece.BackgroundA new ageism scale for dental students has been developed by American and European Gerodontology educators and was preliminary validated in the United States.MethodsThe scale was translated into Greek and administered to 8th‐ and 10th‐semester dental students in Athens. Principal components analysis was used to explore the internal structure of the measure; internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficient; corrected item‐total correlations were calculated to decide which low contributing items should be removed from the scale; and discriminant validity was tested investigating variation in relation to demographic and educational factors.ResultsA total of 152 students responded to the questionnaire. The Principal component analysis offered a 15‐item scale distributed into four factors that accounted for 56.4%, of the total variance, produced stronger factor loadings, a comparable amount of overall component variance and logical sets of components. The four factors produced were values/ethics about older people (four items, α = 0.71), patient compliance (four items, α = 0.72), barriers to dental care (four items, α = 0.57) and dentist‐older patient interaction (three items, α = 0.64). Discriminant validity revealed statistically significant differences in factors and items related to semester of studies, gender and family's permanent residence.ConclusionThe preliminary validation of the Greek version of the ageing scale for dental students revealed a 15‐item questionnaire that demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability and could be further tested in larger samples.
Cluster Headache in Subjects With Substance Use Disorder: A Case Series and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ponté Camille , Giron Aurélie , Crequy Marie , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Fabre Nelly , Salles Juliette 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo describe a case series of 7 patients presenting cluster headache (CH) criteria and a substance use disorder, reported to a French Addictovigilance center. Then, to assess clinical, pharmacological, and neurobiological linkages between substance use and CH onset.BackgroundCH patients are presenting a higher prevalence of comorbidities, among which the use of psychoactive substances, licit or illicit, have been explored by a few authors. Recently, 3 cases of CH in patients seen in the hospital‐based addiction care center have been reported to the Toulouse addictovigilance center.MethodsOther cases have been identified in the same tertiary hospital after a collaborative investigation done with the departments of neurology and psychiatry and included in the case series. A narrative review was performed to assess the potential of psychoactive substance consumption to induce or facilitate CH.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2018, 6 males and 1 female aged between 26 and 54 years old, presenting CH criteria and a substance use disorder, were included in our case series. Among substances used, there are: (1) daily use of tobacco and alcohol in 5/7 subjects; (2) daily or almost daily use of cocaine in 5/7 subjects; (3) regular use of cannabis before attacks beginning in 4/7 subjects; and (4) opioids, as a substitutive medication or abused, in 5/7 subjects. The intranasal route administration is reported by all the subjects and precedes the beginning of attacks for 5/7 subjects.ConclusionsWe have found a CH prevalence of 0.9% in our studied population, while it is estimated at 0.1% in the general population. The coexistence of cluster headache and addiction behaviors reflects possible common neurobiological pathways, which would include the hypothalamus. Research could be conducted on the potential of hypothalamic therapeutic targets.
Deteriorated outcome of recent patients with acute liver failure and late‐onset hepatic failure caused by infection with hepatitis A virus: A subanalysis of patients seen between 1998 and 2015 and enrolled in nationwide surveys in Japan
Authors: Nakao Masamitsu , Nakayama Nobuaki , Uchida Yoshihito , Tomiya Tomoaki , Oketani Makoto , Ido Akio , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Takikawa Hajime , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: April 2019

AimA nationwide survey of acute liver failure (ALF) and late‐onset hepatic failure (LOHF) has revealed that the outcomes of recent patients whose diseases were caused by infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) have worsened, compared with those of previously reported patients. The factors associated with this deterioration were evaluated.MethodsA total of 83 patients with HAV infection seen between 1998 and 2015 were enrolled. All the patients had a prothrombin time–international normalized ratio of 1.5 or more and hepatic encephalopathy of grade 2 or more severe. The demographic and clinical features of 45 patients seen prior to 2003 (cohort 1) and 38 patients seen during 2004 and thereafter (cohort 2) were compared.ResultsThree and four patients in cohort 1 and cohort 2, respectively, received liver transplantations; the survival rates among the remaining patients were 56% for cohort 2 and 79% for cohort 1 (P < 0.05). The mean age (±standard deviation) of the patients was higher in cohort 2 than in cohort 1 (58 ± 11 vs. 48 ± 13 years; P < 0.01). The percentages of patients with underlying metabolic diseases were 22% in cohort 1 and 61% in cohort 2 (P < 0.01). Diabetic mellitus was more common among deceased patients than among rescued patients (29% vs. 8%; P < 0.05) among patients who did not receive liver transplantations, and a multivariate analysis revealed that patient age and disease type were significantly and independently associated with the outcome.ConclusionThe outcomes of recent patients with ALF or LOHF caused by HAV infection have recently worsened mainly because of an increase in underlying metabolic diseases as a consequence of aging.
Evaluation of the bond strengths of two novel bioceramic cement using a modified thin‐slice push‐out test model
Authors: Orhan Ekim Onur , Irmak Özgür , Mumcu Emre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrthoMTA (OrthoMTA, BioMTA, Korea) and RetroMTA (OrthoMTA, BioMTA, Korea) have been newly developed bioceramic cements or tricalcium silicate cements (TCSs). The aim of this study was to examine the dislocation resistance of these two novel TCSs from radicular dentin, using a modified thin slice push‐out test design that simulated canal spaces of uniform dimensions. Twenty‐five single‐rooted human canine teeth were used. Longitudinal slabs were obtained from each tooth using a diamond saw. Standardized canal‐like holes were created using size #2 Peeso Reamer along the coronal, middle and apical thirds of longitudinal tooth slabs. The cavities were filled with OrthoMTA or RetroMTA. The slabs were kept at 37°C for 14‐day in 100% humidity before push‐out evaluation (MPa). Failure modes were examined with stereomicroscopy. Data were calculated using unpaired t test (P < 0.05). Location of the TCS‐filled cavities did not affect push‐out strengths. OrthoMTA (9.809 ± 2.176 MPa) had significantly higher push‐out bond strength values than ProRoot MTA (7.103 ± 2.145 MPa) (P < 0.0001). The leaf‐like bodies were seen in the fractured specimens of both TCS groups. Failure modes were predominantly adhesive in both TCS groups. It can be concluded 14‐day push‐out bond strength of OrthoMTA is higher than that of RetroMTA.
Health data linkage research in Australia remains challenging
Authors: Palamuthusingam Dharmenaan , Johnson David W. , Hawley Carmel , Pascoe Elaine , Fahim Magid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractData linkage is a valuable technique for uniting information from multiple sources that relates to the same person, place, family or event. Despite its value, establishing such linkages in Australia remains challenging. Existing policies are a missed opportunity for research and innovation and engender a negative attitude among researchers when considering data linkage as a research means. Greater leadership from the Population Health Research Network and cooperation from data custodians and Human Research Ethics Committees are necessary to access optimally Australia’s enormous data potential.
Higher risk of phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (Phaeo‐Pgl) in SDHD than SDHB carriers: an Australian cohort study
Authors: Hong Alice , Shanahan Mary , Schenberg Tess , Inder Warrick , MacIsaac Richard , James Paul , Sachithanandan Nirupa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarriers of succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) mutations are at risk of developing phaeochromocytomas, catecholamine secreting extra‐adrenal paragangliomas and non‐secretory head and neck paragangliomas and require lifelong surveillance. There is no current consensus on the optimal surveillance strategy. This study describes the outcomes of a cohort of 50 SDHx mutation carriers followed at a tertiary Australian hospital using a surveillance protocol involving annual clinical review with plasma/urine metanephrines and biennial magnetic resonance imaging from skull base to pelvis.
Electronic cigarettes in physician practice: a complex debate
Authors: Stone Emily , Marshall Henry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractE‐cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), have been suggested as a potential aid for smoking cessation, but many questions about their efficacy and safety remain unanswered. Until very recently, the evidence for ENDS in smoking cessation was largely based on observational studies or randomised controlled trials with methodological flaws and did not provide adequate evidence to support strongly ENDS for smoking cessation. Concerns about the uptake of ENDS by nonsmoking populations (such as adolescents) remain. More recent evidence may indicate the effect of ENDS in smoking cessation, but many questions remain unanswered. In this article, we address recent claims that failure to recommend ENDS for smoking cessation represents unethical practice. We strongly dispute this claim, analysing the many complex issues that clinicians working in smoking cessation should consider.
The influence of mean arterial pressure on the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in minor stroke or transient ischemic attack patients
Authors: Ma Yan , Liu Ying , Xu Jie , Wang Yilong , Du Fenghe , Wang Yongjun 
Published: April 2019

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the strongest predictor of stroke. The combination of clopidogrel and aspirin within 24 hours after onset has been suggested by the Clopidogrel in High‐Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) study to be superior to aspirin alone. However, it is not clear whether poststroke blood pressure has an influence on the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet treatment. We have performed a post hoc analysis from the CHANCE trial. Patients were stratified into three groups based on MAP levels. Among patients with MAP <102 mm Hg, there was no significant difference in stroke recurrence between the clopidogrel‐aspirin group and the aspirin group (7.7% vs 7.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73‐1.45). However, compared to aspirin treatment, the clopidogrel‐aspirin dual treatment was more effective at reducing the risk of stroke in patients with MAP ≥113 mm Hg (6.9% vs 12.3%, HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.78) or 102‐113 mm Hg (9.5% vs 14.9%, HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.48‐0.81). There was a significant interaction between MAP and antiplatelet therapy as it relates to stroke recurrence (P for interaction = 0.037), and a similar result was found for combined vascular events (P for interaction = 0.027). In conclusion, dual antiplatelet therapy may be more effective at reducing combined vascular events in patients with higher MAP after minor stroke or transient ischemic attack.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis with dupilumab: experience from a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Olesen C.M. , Holm J.G. , Nørreslet L.B. , Serup J.V. , Thomsen S.F. , Agner T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundManagement of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently requires treatment with systemic therapies. Dupilumab is the first biological agent approved for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD. Although promising results have appeared in clinical trials, real‐life data on efficacy and safety are lacking.ObjectivesTo assess effectiveness and safety of treatment with dupilumab in the real‐life clinical setting at a Danish tertiary referral centre.MethodsAll patients with AD treated with dupilumab from October 2017 to October 2018 at Bispebjerg Hospital, Denmark, were included in the study. Patients were evaluated three times: at treatment initiation and at 1 and 3 months after first dupilumab injection. At each visit, disease activity was assessed by severity score (Eczema Area and Severity Index, EASI), patient‐reported outcomes (Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI, pruritus and sleep score) and serological markers [immunoglobulin (Ig)E, eosinophil count and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)].ResultsA total of 43 patients were included in the study. The mean reduction in EASI score from baseline was 19.6 points (72.4%) at 1‐month and 22.6 points (76.7%) at 3‐month follow‐up. EASI, DLQI, pruritus score, sleep score, IgE and LDH were all statistically significantly reduced between baseline and 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up. Mean reductions in EASI score and LDH at 3‐month follow‐up were significantly correlated (P = 0.003). One patient (2.3%) discontinued treatment due to side‐effects, and seven patients (18.4%) developed conjunctivitis during the study period.ConclusionThe effectiveness and safety of dupilumab treatment in a real‐life clinical setting are comparable to that of phase 3 clinical trials. LDH is suggested as a potential serological marker predictive of treatment response.
Persistence of cyprinid herpesvirus 2 in asymptomatic goldfish Carassius auratus (L.) that survived an experimental infection
Authors: Wei Chang , Iida Hayato , Chuah QiuYuan , Tanaka Mikio , Kato Goshi , Sano Motohiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) is the causative agent of herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (HVHN) in goldfish, Carassius auratus, and Prussian carp, C. auratus gibelio. In this study, we investigated virus persistence in goldfish experimentally infected with CyHV‐2. Virus DNA presence in organs was monitored in survivors reared at a virus permissive temperature and also in survivors treated with a non‐permissive temperature for 4 days, initiated at three different time points post‐infection in order to obtain fish with different virus loads. We detected virus DNA in all organs tested at 51 days post‐infection (dpi) and in the spleen, trunk kidney and gills of survivors at 81 dpi, although the virus load in fish influenced the subsequent number of organs that tested positive for virus DNA. In addition, some organs dissected from four out of five asymptomatic survivors tested positive by PCR following incubation in vitro in a medium for 5 days. Following inoculation with the homogenate of PCR‐positive kidney incubated in vitro, one of the three inoculated fish died, showing that the detected virus by PCR produced infectious particles. This study suggests that CyHV‐2 can establish a persistent infection in some organs, especially the spleen and trunk kidney, and that asymptomatic surviving fish can be a source of infection.
clpV is a key virulence gene during in vivo Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection
Authors: Luo Gang , Xu Xiaojin , Zhao Lingmin , Qin Yingxue , Huang Lixing , Su Yongquan , Yan Qingpi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInteraction between bacterial pathogen and aquatic animal host is exceedingly complex, which involves large dynamic changes in gene expression during different stages of the disease. However, research on identifying key virulence genes based on the dynamics of gene expression changes of a one‐sided bacterial pathogen in tissue has not been reported so far across different stages of infectious disease. The clpV for the T6SS of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was identified for a candidate for key virulence gene based on dynamic changes of gene expression. For the Epinephelus coioides infected using clpV‐RNAi strain, no deaths were observed up to 20 dpi. The spleens, kidneys and livers of all the E. coioides that received clpV‐RNAi strain failed to develop visible nodules at 5–8 dpi, with the swelling gradually disappearing. The burdens of clpV‐RNAi strain in the spleen and blood were greatly reduced at most of the time points after injection, and the burdens of clpV‐RNAi strain in the head kidneys and trunk kidneys also had a sharp reduction from 72 to 120 hpi. This paper provides a new insight into the discovery of key virulence genes of pathogens in infected tissue systems.
Using Implementation Science to Promote the Use of the G8 Screening Tool in Geriatric Oncology
Authors: Gulasingam Pauline , Haq Rashida , Mascarenhas Johnson Alekhya , Togo Elikem , Moore Julia , Straus Sharon E. , Wong Camilla L. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVESEvidence supports the integration of geriatric assessment in the care of older adults with cancer. The G8 screening tool is a validated instrument to target a geriatric assessment. Use of the G8 tool in clinical practice, however, is suboptimal. We systematically analyzed the barriers and facilitators to G8 tool use in oncology clinics and selected interventions tailored to the local context to enhance its uptake.DESIGNThis qualitative study used semistructured interviews and site observations.SETTINGSt. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.PARTICIPANTSTen participants including G8 tool adopters and stakeholders at St. Michael's Hospital were interviewed.MEASUREMENTSAn interview guide based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was developed to identify beliefs about G8 tool use. Barriers and facilitators to G8 tool use were mapped to the TDF domains and corresponding intervention functions from the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior model. Evidence‐based implementation strategies were selected from two databases.RESULTSKey TDF domains influencing G8 tool use behavior were social/professional role, goals, beliefs about consequences, and social influences. The behavior change domains were mapped to four mechanisms of change: persuasion (conduct local consensus discussions), modeling (identify and prepare a champion), education (distribute educational materials), and enablement (use materials to prepare patients to be active participants in understanding the evidence behind the G8 tool and answering questions accurately).CONCLUSIONThis study identified barriers to G8 tool use. Local consensus discussions, identifying and preparing a champion, using educational materials, and preparing patients to be active participants may be implementation strategies to improve G8 tool use. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:898–904, 2019.
Midwifery Care for Transfeminine Individuals
Authors: Ellis Simon Adriane , Dalke Lily 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the provision of gender‐affirming care and preventive care for transfeminine individuals—those assigned male at birth who identify as female or on the feminine spectrum. To meet the learning needs of health care providers less familiar with gender‐affirming care, this article begins with an overview of gender identity concepts. Initiation and management of feminizing gender‐affirming hormone therapy is then covered in detail, including common gender‐affirming medications and their adverse effects, diagnostic criteria, psychosocial evaluation, initial physical examination and laboratory work, and recommendations for follow‐up visits and laboratory monitoring. Lastly, the article briefly reviews health care of transfeminine individuals before and after surgical gender‐affirming interventions and details best practices for transfeminine preventive care.