bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of programme approaches to improve the coverage of maternal nutrition interventions in South Asia
Authors: Goudet Sophie , Murira Zivai , Torlesse Harriet , Hatchard Jennifer , Busch‐Hallen Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nutritional status of women before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and after delivery has far reaching consequences for maternal health and child survival, growth, and development. In South Asia, the high prevalence of short stature, thinness, and anaemia among women of reproductive age underlie the high prevalence of child undernutrition in the region, whereas overweight and obesity are rising concerns. A systematic review of evidence (2000–2017) was conducted to identify barriers and programme approaches to improving the coverage of maternal nutrition interventions in the region. The search strategy used 13 electronic bibliographic databases and 14 websites of development and technical agencies and identified 2,247 citations. Nine studies conducted in Bangladesh (n = 2), India (n = 5), Nepal (n = 1), and Pakistan (n = 1) were selected for the review, and outcomes included the receipt and consumption of iron and folic acid and calcium supplements and the receipt of information on dietary intake during pregnancy. The studies indicate that a range of barriers acting at the individual (maternal), household, and health service delivery levels affects intervention coverage during pregnancy. Programme approaches that were effective in improving intervention coverage addressed barriers at multiple levels and had several common features: use of formative research and client assessments to inform the design of programme approaches and actions; community‐based delivery platforms to increase access to services; engagement of family members, as well as pregnant women, in influencing behavioural change; actions to improve the capacity, supervision, monitoring, and motivation of front‐line service providers to provide information and counselling; and access to free supplements.
Aiming higher for maternal and child nutrition in South Asia
Authors: Torlesse Harriet , Aguayo Víctor M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe sustainable development of nations relies on children developing to their full potential and leading healthy, productive, and prosperous lives. Poor nutrition in early life threatens the growth and development of children, especially so in South Asia, which has the highest burdens of stunting, wasting, and anaemia in the world. Targeted actions to reduce stunting and other forms of child malnutrition in South Asia should be informed by an understanding of what drives poor nutrition in children, who is most affected, and effective programme approaches. To this end, the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia commissioned a series of papers in 2016–2017 to fill knowledge gaps in the current body of evidence on maternal and child nutrition in South Asia, including analyses of: (a) the links between anthropometric failure in children and child development; (b) the time trends, current distribution, disparities and inequities of child stunting, wasting and anaemia, and their direct and underlying causes, including maternal anaemia, low birth weight, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding; (c) policy and programme actions to increase the coverage of nutrition interventions during pregnancy, improve breastfeeding practices, and care for severely wasted children. This overview paper summarizes the evidence from these analyses and examines the implications for the direction of future advocacy, policy, and programme actions to improve maternal and child nutrition in South Asia.
The validity and reliability of the Dietary Index for a Child's Eating in 2–8‐year old children living in New Zealand
Authors: Delshad Maryam , Beck Kathryn L. , von Hurst Pamela R. , Mugridge Owen , Conlon Cathryn A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Dietary Index for a Child's Eating (DICE) in children living in New Zealand (NZ). Caregivers of healthy children aged 2–8 years completed a 4‐day estimated food record (4DFR) for their child and completed the DICE online on two separate occasions, 8 weeks apart. Relative validity was assessed by comparing the DICE and 4DFR total score and component subscores using the Wilcoxon test, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, cross‐classification, and weighted kappa (ĸ) statistic. For evaluating construct validity, the DICE total score was compared with energy and nutrient intake from the 4DFR using linear contrast analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficients (Cronbach's α) and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the reliability of DICE. From a possible score of 100, the mean ± standard deviation of DICE was 78.2 ± 11.5 and from the 4DFR, was 73.8 ± 10.8, with a positive correlation (r = 0.72;p < 0.001) and moderate agreement (ĸ = 0.49). Cross‐classification showed 61.9% were correctly categorised into the same tertile group from DICE and the 4DFR. Participants in the highest tertile of DICE had higher intakes of fibre, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, folate, and calcium. Good agreement (α = 0.87) was found for reliability. DICE is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of children's adherence to a healthy diet, as recommended by the NZ Ministry of Health Food and Nutrition guidelines.
The Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipN suppresses plant PAMP‐triggered immunity, localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, and alters the NADH/NAD+ ratio in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Yunhao , Li Pai , Shen Dong , Wei Qiaoling , He Jianguo , Lu Yongjun 
Published: November 2018

SummaryRalstonia solanacearum, one of the most destructive plant bacterial pathogens, delivers an array of effector proteins via its type III secretion system for pathogenesis. However, the biochemical functions of most of these proteins remain unclear. RipN is a type III effector with unknown function(s) from the pathogen R. solanacearum. Here, we demonstrate that RipN is a conserved type III effector found within the R. solanacearum species complex that contains a putative Nudix hydrolase domain and has ADP‐ribose/NADH pyrophosphorylase activity in vitro. Further analysis shows that RipN localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus in Nicotiana tabacum leaf cells and Arabidopsis protoplasts, and truncation of the C‐terminus of RipN results in a loss of nuclear and ER targeting. Furthermore, the expression of RipN in Arabidopsis suppresses callose deposition and the transcription of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes under flg22 treatment, and promotes bacterial growth in planta. In addition, the expression of RipN in plant cells alters NADH/NAD+, but not GSH/GSSG, ratios, and its Nudix hydrolase activity is indispensable for such biochemical function. These results suggest that RipN acts as a Nudix hydrolase, alters the NADH/NAD+ ratio of the plant and contributes to R. solanacearum virulence by suppression of PTI of the host.
A systematic screen of conserved Ralstonia solanacearum effectors reveals the role of RipAB, a nuclear‐localized effector that suppresses immune responses in potato
Authors: Zheng Xueao , Li Xiaojing , Wang Bingsen , Cheng Dong , Li Yanping , Li Wenhao , Huang Mengshu , Tan Xiaodan , Zhao Guozhen , Song Botao , Macho Alberto P. , Chen Huilan , Xie Conghua 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBoth Solanum tuberosum and Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype IIB originated in South America and share a long‐term co‐evolutionary history. However, our knowledge of potato bacterial wilt pathogenesis is scarce as a result of the technical difficulties of potato plant manipulation. Thus, we established a multiple screening system (virulence screen of effector mutants in potato, growth inhibition of yeast and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana) of core type III effectors (T3Es) of a major potato pathovar of phylotype IIB, to provide more research perspectives and biological tools. Using this system, we identified four effectors contributing to virulence during potato infection, with two exhibiting multiple phenotypes in two other systems, including RipAB. Further study showed that RipAB is an unknown protein with a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Furthermore, we generated a ripAB complementation strain and transgenic ripAB‐expressing potato plants, and subsequent virulence assays confirmed that R. solanacearum requires RipAB for full virulence. Compared with wild‐type potato, transcriptomic analysis of transgenic ripAB‐expressing potato plants showed a significant down‐regulation of Ca2+ signalling‐related genes in the enriched Plant–Pathogen Interaction (PPI) gene ontology (GO) term. We further verified that, during infection, RipAB is required for the down‐regulation of four Ca2+ sensors, Stcml5, Stcml23, Stcml‐cast and Stcdpk2, and a Ca2+ transporter, Stcngc1. Further evidence showed that the immune‐associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is attenuated in ripAB transgenic potato plants. In conclusion, a systematic screen of conserved R. solanacearum effectors revealed an important role for RipAB, which interferes with Ca2+‐dependent gene expression to promote disease development in potato.
Can intravenous antifungal therapy be safely used in the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) setting?
Authors: Rae Nikolas , Kenny Claire , Muldoon Eavan G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is an established treatment option for patients with a variety of infections who require a period of intravenous therapy, are clinically stable, and do not require continuous monitoring. Many patients with fungal infections require prolonged therapy due to resistance or intolerance to oral antifungal agents. Despite the widespread use of OPAT by infection specialists, antifungal agents appear infrequently used in this setting. We suggest that with appropriate patient selection, patients with fungal infections could successfully be treated on OPAT.
Sepsis: developing new alternatives to reduce neuroinflammation and attenuate brain injury
Authors: Meneses Gabriela , Cárdenas Graciela , Espinosa Alejandro , Rassy Dunia , Pérez‐Osorio Ivan Nicolás , Bárcena Brandon , Fleury Agnes , Besedovsky Hugo , Fragoso Gladis , Sciutto Edda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSepsis occurs when a systemic infection induces an uncontrolled inflammatory response that results in generalized organ dysfunction. The exacerbated peripheral inflammation can induce, in turn, neuroinflammation which may result in severe impairment of the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, the ensuing blood–brain barrier disruption associated with sepsis promotes glial activation and starts a storm of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS that leads to brain dysfunction in sepsis survivors. Endotoxic shock induced in mice by peripheral injection of lipopolysaccharides closely resembles the peripheral and central inflammation observed in sepsis. In this review, we provide an overview of the neuroinflammatory features in sepsis and of recent progress toward the development of new anti‐neuroinflammatory therapies seeking to reduce mortality and morbidity in sepsis survivors.
The singular properties of photosynthetic cytochrome c550 from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum suggest new alternative functions
Authors: Bernal‐Bayard Pilar , Álvarez Consolación , Calvo Purificación , Castell Carmen , Roncel Mercedes , Hervás Manuel , Navarro José A. 
Published: November 2018

Cytochrome c550 is an extrinsic component in the luminal side of photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria, as well as in eukaryotic algae from the red photosynthetic lineage including, among others, diatoms. We have established that cytochrome c550 from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can be obtained as a complete protein from the membrane fraction of the alga, although a C‐terminal truncated form is purified from the soluble fractions of this diatom as well as from other eukaryotic algae. Eukaryotic cytochromes c550 show distinctive electrostatic features as compared with cyanobacterial cytochrome c550. In addition, co‐immunoseparation and mass spectrometry experiments, as well as immunoelectron microscopy analyses, indicate that although cytochrome c550 from P. tricornutum is mainly located in the thylakoid domain of the chloroplast – where it interacts with PSII – , it can also be found in the chloroplast pyrenoid, related with proteins linked to the CO2 concentrating mechanism and assimilation. These results thus suggest new alternative functions of this heme protein in eukaryotes.
Nutrition and Feeding Aspects for Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) Rhamdia quelen Nutrition and Feeding
Authors: Santos Hanna Karolyna dos , Meurer Fabio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe jundiá or silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) is species native to the Americas, omnivorous, with a tendency towards carnivorous feeding habits. The species presents commercial potential, and therefore, knowledge on its nutritional requirements, as well as basic feed ingredients, is essential. Its tendency towards carnivorous feeding habits leads to some concerns regarding plant ingredient digestion abilities, although rice, soybean, flax, sorghum, ground corn or oat bran can be used as feed ingredients for this species, since they present good digestibility coefficients. In order to guarantee adequate performance of metabolic, immunological and reproductive functions, jundiá feed can be supplemented with micronutrients that minimize the effects of antinutritional factors present in plant ingredients. Plant ingredients present several economic advantages such as suitable quality, competitive prices and the fact that they are widely available in South Brazil.
High rate of seromarkers for HIV, HBV and syphilis among blood donors using confidential unit exclusion, before and after HIV‐NAT implementation at a major public blood bank in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Souza Janaina C. , Crispim Myuki A. E. , Abrahim Claudia , Fraiji Nelson A. , Kiesslich Dagmar , Stefani Mariane M. A. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDConfidential unit exclusion (CUE) was introduced in the 1980's as an additional layer to blood safety, before highly specific and sensitive nucleic acid tests (NAT) for HIV were implemented. The utility of CUE‐use in settings that have implemented NAT should be evaluated over time.STUDY DESIGN, METHODSCross‐sectional retrospective study carried out from June 2010–November 2015, at Manaus Hemocenter (HEMOAM), Amazonas, Brazil that implemented HIV‐NAT in 2012. The HIV, HCV, HBV, HTLV, Chagas disease, and syphilis rates were compared among CUE and non‐CUE blood donors, before and after HIV‐NAT implementation.RESULTSAmong 287,588 donations, 2,154 (0.75%) were associated with CUE, mainly voluntary donations (64.2%), by repeat donors (58.4%) from young (median age = 31 years), males (84.4%), unmarried (63.1%). CUE‐users compared to non‐CUE donors (n = 285,434) had higher seropositivity rates to HIV (OR = 6.09, 95% CI: 3.68–10.07, p < 0.001), HBV (anti‐HBc OR = 1.81 95% CI: 1.24–2.64, p = 0.004; HBsAg OR = 5.68, 95% CI: 1.78–18.07, p = 0.017), and syphilis (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05–3.04, p = 0.030). Most (97.2%) discarded blood units associated to CUE was seronegative for all pathogens. Most donations (73.4%) were tested by HIV‐NAT and showed four window period donations, positive by HIV‐NAT only among non‐CUE donors.CONCLUSIONA high rate of transfusion transmissible infections/TTIs was observed at HEMOAM especially in CUE‐users. CUE‐use offered an additional layer of blood safety by its association with anti‐HBc/HBsAg and syphilis that are not covered by NAT. For blood banks in highly endemic areas for HIV and TTI, as HEMOAM, the identification of at risk donors, and the orientation to be tested at proper sites remain a great challenge.
Hepatitis E virus in Common voles (Microtus arvalis) from an urban environment, Hungary: Discovery of a Cricetidae‐specific genotype of Orthohepevirus C
Authors: Kurucz Kornélia , Hederics Dávid , Bali Dominika , Kemenesi Gábor , Horváth Győző , Jakab Ferenc 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHepatitis E virus is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. Despite its zoonotic potential, there is limited information about the natural chain of hepevirus infection in wildlife, and the potential reservoir species. In this study, we performed a HEV survey by heminested RT‐PCR on rodent samples from an urban environment (in the city of Pécs, Hungary) and investigated the prevalence of the virus among these native rodent species (Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus). HEV was detected exclusively in Common voles (M. arvalis), in 10.2% of screened voles, and 3.2% of all investigated samples from all species. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, our strain showed the closest homology with European Orthohepevirus C strains detected previously in faecal samples of birds of prey and Red fox, supporting the possibility of the dietary origin of these strains. In addition, our samples showed close phylogenetic relation with a South American strain detected in Necromys lasiurus (Cricetidae), but separated clearly from other Muridae‐associated strains, suggesting the presence of a Cricetidae‐specific genotype in Europe and South‐America. Based on these results, we hypothesize the reservoir role of M. arvalis rodents for the European Cricetidae‐specific Orthohepevirus C genotype.
Considering a Holistic Focus of Attention as an Alternative to an External Focus
Authors: Becker Kevin A. , Georges Ayana F. , Aiken Christopher A. 
Published: November 2018

Empirical findings consistently suggest that an external focus of attention leads to superior performance when compared to an internal focus by encouraging more automatic processing. However, for certain skills (e.g., gymnastics routines) it can be challenging to identify a meaningful external focus cue. A related line of research suggests that focusing on the general feeling of a movement (i.e., holistic focus) may also be useful in avoiding conscious control of movements. The purpose of this study was to determine how an internal focus (INT), external focus (EXT), and holistic focus (HOL) impact the performance of a standing long jump. Participants (N = 27) completed two baseline jumps followed by two jumps in each focus condition. Jump distance was analyzed in a 6 (Order) × 4 (Focus) mixed ANOVA. Results indicated a significant main effect of focus (p < .001), with EXT and HOL resulting in farther jumps than INT and baseline conditions (p-values < .05). EXT and HOL did not differ significantly from each other, and INT did not differ significantly from baseline. The findings suggest that a holistic focus can be another effective means of avoiding conscious control of movement when an external focus is not practical or desired.
A gamma-ray determination of the Universe’s star formation history
Authors:   The Fermi-LAT Collaboration, Abdollahi S. , Ackermann M. , Ajello M. , Atwood W. , Baldini L. , Ballet J. , Barbiellini G. , Bastieri D. , González J. Becerra , Bellazzini R. , Bissaldi E. , Blandford R. , Bloom E. , Bonino R. , Bottacini E. , Buson S. , Bregeon J. , Bruel P. , Buehler R. , Cameron R. , Caputo R. , Caraveo P. A. , Cavazzuti E. , Charles E. , Chen S. , Cheung T. , Chiaro G. , Ciprini S. , Cohen-Tanugi J. , Cominsky L. , Conrad J. , Costantin D. , Cutini S. , D’Ammando F. , de Palma F. , Desai A. , Digel S. , Di Lalla N. , Di Mauro M. , Di Venere L. , Domínguez A. , Favuzzi C. , Fegan S. , Finke J. , Franckowiak A. , Fukazawa Y. , Funk S. , Fusco P. , Romero G. Gallardo , Gargano F. , Gasparrini D. , Giglietto N. , Giordano F. , Giroletti M. , Green D. , Grenier I. , Guillemot L. , Guiriec S. , Hartmann D. H. , Hays E. , Helgason K. , Horan D. , Jóhannesson G. , Kocevski D. , Kuss M. , Larsson S. , Latronico L. , Li J. , Longo F. , Loparco F. , Lott B. , Lovellette M. , Lubrano P. , Madejski G. , Magill J. , Maldera S. , Manfreda A. , Marcotulli L. , Mazziotta M. , McEnery J. , Meyer M. , Michelson P. , Mizuno T. , Monzani M. E. , Morselli A. , Moskalenko I. , Negro M. , Nuss E. , Ojha R. , Omodei N. , Orienti M. , Orlando E. , Ormes J. , Palatiello M. , Paliya V. , Paneque D. , Perkins J. , Persic M. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Petrosian V. , Piron F. , Porter T. , Primack J. R. , Principe G. , Rainò S. , Rando R. , Razzano M. , Razzaque S. , Reimer A. , Reimer O. , Parkinson P. Saz , Sgrò C. , Siskind E. J. , Spandre G. , Spinelli P. , Suson D. J. , Tajima H. , Takahashi M. , Thayer J. , Tibaldo L. , Torres D. F. , Torresi E. , Tosti G. , Tramacere A. , Troja E. , Valverde J. V. , Vianello G. , Vogel M. , Wood K. , Zaharijas G. 
Published: November 2018

Gamma rays reveal the Universe's history
How many stars have formed in the Universe, and when did they do so? These fundamental questions are difficult to answer because there are systematic uncertainties in converting the light we observe into the total mass of stars in galaxies. The Fermi-LAT Collaboration addressed these questions by exploiting the way that gamma rays from distant blazars propagate through intergalactic space, which depends on the total amount of light emitted by all galaxies. The collaboration found that star formation peaked about 3 billion years after the Big Bang (see the Perspective by Prandini). Although this is similar to previous estimates from optical and infrared observations, the results provide valuable confirmation because they should be affected by different systematic effects.

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Response of alfalfa and sugar beet to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) parasitism: a physiological and anatomical approach
Authors: Saric-Krsmanovic Marija , Bozic Dragana , Radivojevic Ljiljana , Gajic Umiljendic Jelena , Vrbnicanin Sava 
Published: November 2018

The physiological and anatomical impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on alfalfa and sugar beet was examined under controlled conditions. The following parameters were checked: physiological — content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) and mineral nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and percent of organic and mineral nutrients; and anatomical — thickness of the epidermis and cortex, diameter of the stem and central cylinder of alfalfa plants, diameter of tracheids and phloem cells, area of xylem and phloem, and hydraulic conductance of petiole bundles in petiole vascular bundles of sugar beet plants. Leaf parameters were also measured on both host plants: thickness of upper and underside leaf epidermis, thickness of palisade, spongy and mesophyll tissue, and diameter of vascular bundle cells. Pigments content and anatomical parameters were measured 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infestation (DAI), while mineral nutrient contents were determined 20 and 40 DAI. Field dodder caused a significant reduction in pigments content in infested alfalfa (15%–68%) and sugar beet plants (1%–54%). The results obtained in this study confirmed that this parasitic flowering plant has a strong effect on most anatomical parameters of the stem and leaf of alfalfa and leaf and petiole of sugar beet. Also, it was revealed that field dodder increased the contents of N, P2O5, K2O, and organic nutrients in infested alfalfa plants, while infested sugar beet plants had higher contents of N and organic nutrients compared with non-infested plants.