bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work environment and neck and shoulder pain: the influence of exposure time. Results from a population based case-control study
Authors: Fredriksson K , Alfredsson L , Ahlberg G , Josephson M , Kilbom Å , Wigaeus Hjelm E , Wiktorin C , Vingård E 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To study associations between long term and short term exposure to different work environmental conditions and the incidence of neck or shoulder pain. The results were obtained as part of the MUSIC-Norrtälje study, which is a population based case-control study conducted in Sweden in 1993–7.Methods: The cases were people from the study base who sought medical care or treatment for neck or shoulder pain. Information on physical and psychosocial conditions in the work environment, currently and 5 years ago, and lifestyle factors, was obtained by self administered questionnaires from 310 cases and 1277 randomly selected referents.Results: Associations between both physical and psychosocial exposures in the work environment and seeking care for neck or shoulder pain were found. The risk patterns differed for the sexes, and risk ratios exceeding 1.5 were more often found among women than among men. Generally, subjects who had experienced a recent increase of exposure were more likely (relative risk (RR) 2.1–3.7) to seek care than those who had been exposed long term (RR 1.5–1.8). Among women, an increased amount of visual display terminal (VDT) work, work above shoulder level, and reduced opportunities to acquire new knowledge, and among men, an increased amount of seated work were associated with neck or shoulder pain. This might indicate short induction periods for neck or shoulder pain for these exposures. However, for repetitive work with the hands and hindrance at work among women, and possibly also local vibrations among men, the induction periods seem to be longer. Interactive effects between factors, both at work and in the family, were found, but only among women.Conclusions: Associations between some exposures in the work environment and seeking care for neck or shoulder pain were found. The high RRs for short term exposure might indicate that for many factors the induction period for neck or shoulder pain is short.
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Allroggen Holger , Abbott Richard J 
Published: July 2002

Summary
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a challenging condition because of its variability of clinical symptoms and signs. It is very often unrecognised at initial presentation. All age groups can be affected. Large sinuses such as the superior sagittal sinus are most frequently involved. Extensive collateral circulation within the cerebral venous system allows for a significant degree of compensation in the early stages of thrombus formation. Systemic inflammatory diseases and inherited as well as acquired coagulation disorders are frequent causes, although in up to 30% of cases no underlying cause can be identified. The oral contraceptive pill appears to be an important additional risk factor. The spectrum of clinical presentations ranges from headache with papilloedema to focal deficit, seizures and coma. Magnetic resonance imaging with venography is the investigation of choice; computed tomography alone will miss a significant number of cases. It has now been conclusively shown that intravenous heparin is the first-line treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis because of its efficacy, safety and feasability. Local thrombolysis may be indicated in cases of deterioration, despite adequate heparinisation. This should be followed by oral anticoagulation for 3-6 months. The prognosis of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is generally favourable. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed to diagnose this uncommon condition so that appropriate treatment can be initiated.
Chest pain, enzymes and hypothyroidism
Authors: Strachan S R , Afolabi O , Brown N , Gray D 
Published: July 2002

Summary
Hypothyroidism is a common disorder and when presenting with classical symptoms and signs is easy to recognise. However, hypothyroidism may present in a manner suggestive of an acute myocardial infarction with an elevated creatine kinase and electrocardiographic abnormalities. We report a case of severe hypothyroidism presenting as a cardiac event whose symptoms and signs dispersed following treatment with thyroxine.
Multiple coronary aneurysms in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: case report and intravascular ultrasound of aneurysm
Authors: Trevelyan J , Been M , Patel R 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A 54 year old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) was found to have multiple coronary aneurysms. Intraoperative intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) revealed severe coronary disease proximal to the aneurysm that had not been apparent angiographically. An IVUS picture of one of the giant coronary aneurysms is also shown. The vascular manifestations of neurofibromatosis and the causes of coronary aneurysms are reviewed.
Aortitis as a manifestation of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lopez F F , Vaidyan P B , Mega A E , Schiffman F J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Aortitis is the inflammation of the wall of the aorta and can occur from an infection or autoimmune disease. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterised by abnormal haematopoiesis and a dysfunctional immune system. Autoimmune manifestations have been described in MDS. Here a case of a patient with aortitis and MDS is presented and discussed. All possible aetiologies were ruled out. The patient’s symptoms resolved after she received steroids.
Parkinson’s disease and anxiety
Authors: Walsh K , Bennett G 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere has been a recent surge of interest in the subject of anxiety in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Up to 40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease experience clinically significant anxiety. This anxiety may be a psychological reaction to the stress of the illness or may be related to the neurochemical changes of the disease itself. Antiparkinsonian drugs may have a role in the pathogenesis of the anxiety. The anxiety disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients appear to be clustered in the panic disorder, phobic disorder, and generalised anxiety disorder areas. The degree of comorbidity between anxiety and depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease is in excess of that found in patients without the disease and anxiety in combination with depression may represent a specific depressive subtype in Parkinson’s disease. As yet, there is no trial evidence as to the treatment of anxiety in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
A study of bone densitometry in patients with complex regional pain syndrome after stroke
Authors: Kumar V , Kalita J , Gujral R B , Sharma V P , Misra U K 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
This study was undertaken to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type-I (CRPS-I) after stroke, and to correlate it with various clinical and neurophysiological parameters.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty patients with CRPS-I after stroke were included and a detailed neurological evaluation was carried out. The severity of CRPS-I was graded on the basis of shoulder hand syndrome score. All the patients underwent bone mineral densitometry of paralysed and non-paralysed forearm by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. The BMD of paralysed forearm was also compared with that of age matched healthy controls. Neurophysiological tests included sympathetic skin response in both upper and lower limbs and median somatosensory evoked potentials.

RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 57.2 (45–75) years and eight were females. Eight patients had severe weakness and 12 had moderate weakness of grade 2 on the hemiplegic side. There was significant reduction in BMD in the patients compared with controls (p&lt;0.01). The bone density reduction correlated well with duration of illness (r = −0.673, p&lt;0.01), shoulder hand syndrome score (r = −0.804, p&lt;0.01), and Canadian neurological scale score (r = −0.738 p&lt;0.01). Sympathetic skin response was not recordable bilaterally in all patients. Median somatosensory evoked potentials were not recordable in seven out of 20 patients who also had higher grade of CRPS-I.

CONCLUSION
Our results show significant reduction of BMD in patients with CRPS-I after stroke. The reduction in BMD correlates with the severity of shoulder hand syndrome score, degree of weakness, duration of hemiplegia, and the severity of stroke.
Hyperekplexia in neonates
Authors: Praveen V , Patole S K , Whitehall J S 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Hyperekplexia (startle disease) is a rare non-epileptic disorder characterised by an exaggerated persistent startle reaction to unexpected auditory, somatosensory and visual stimuli, generalised muscular rigidity, and nocturnal myoclonus. The genetic basis is a mutation usually of the arginine residue 271 leading to neuronal hyperexcitability by impairing glycinergic inhibition. Hyperekplexia is usually familial, most often autosomal dominant with complete penetrance and variable expression. It can present in fetal life as abnormal intrauterine movements, or later at any time from the neonatal period to adulthood. Early manifestations include abnormal responses to unexpected auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli such as sustained tonic spasm, exaggerated startle response, and fetal posture with clenched fists and anxious stare. The tonic spasms may mimic generalised tonic seizures, leading to apnoea and death. Consistent generalised flexor spasm in response to tapping of the nasal bridge (without habituation) is the clinical hallmark of hyperekplexia. Electroencephalography may show fast spikes initially during the tonic spasms, followed by slowing of background activity with eventual flattening corresponding to the phase of apnoea bradycardia and cyanosis. Electromyography shows a characteristic almost permanent muscular activity with periods of electrical quietness. Nerve conduction velocity is normal. No specific computed tomography findings have been reported yet. Clonazepam, a gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, is the treatment of choice for hypertonia and apnoeic episodes. It, however, may not influence the degree of stiffness significantly. A simple manoeuvre like forced flexion of the head and legs towards the trunk is known to be life saving when prolonged stiffness impedes respiration.
Imaging of the pulmonary manifestations of systemic disease
Authors: Rockall A G , Rickards D , Shaw P J 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT
Lung involvement in systemic disease may be a manifestation of the underlying pathological process, may be a complication of the underlying disease or may be related to the treatment. Lung pathology is dominant in certain diseases, such as in Wegener's granulomatosis, but may be only rarely present, for example in Henoch-Schönlein purpura. However, lung involvement has a profound effect on prognosis and may be challenging to accurately diagnose. In some patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue diagnosis with transbronchial or percutaneous biopsy is not possible, due to the poor clinical state of the patient.
New aspects of human trichinellosis: the impact of new Trichinella species
Authors: Bruschi F , Murrell K D 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Trichinellosis is a re-emerging zoonosis and more clinical awareness is needed. In particular, the description of new Trichinella species such as T papuae and T murrelli and the occurrence of human cases caused by T pseudospiralis, until very recently thought to occur only in animals, requires changes in our handling of clinical trichinellosis, because existing knowledge is based mostly on cases due to classical T spiralis infection. The aim of the present review is to integrate the experiences derived from different outbreaks around the world, caused by different Trichinella species, in order to provide a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Aortic root abscess presenting as unstable angina due to extrinsic compression of the left coronary artery
Authors: Clarke N R A , Forfar J C 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Coronary ischaemia in acute endocarditis is usually due to pre-existing coronary disease or occasionally as a result of embolism from vegetations. A 68 year old man with known mixed aortic valve disease presented with a four week history of progressive exertional angina, which became unstable. He was apyrexial with no peripheral signs of endocarditis. Three sets of blood cultures were negative. Transthoracic echocardiography with suboptimal windows confirmed moderate mixed aortic valve disease. Marked reversible ST segment depression with angina recurred at rest. Aortography showed severe aortic regurgitation with a distorted aortic root. Coronary angiography showed severe proximal narrowing of the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries with an unusual long and tapering contour. Emergency surgery revealed a large anterior aortic root abscess which had destroyed the left and right coronary cusps. Aortic root abscess and other rare causes of extrinsic coronary compression are discussed.
Non-infectious pulmonary complications after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Khurshid I , Anderson L C 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a successful and recognised treatment option for patients with a number of haematological and non-haematological malignant and non-malignant conditions. Pulmonary complications both infectious and non-infectious are common after BMT. Multiple factors are thought to contribute to pulmonary complications, including the type and duration of immunological defects produced by the underlying disease and treatment, the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and the conditioning regimens employed. These complications are classified as early or late, depending on whether they occur before or after 100 days from transplantation. Early non-infectious pulmonary complications typically include pulmonary oedema, upper airway complications, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, cytolytic thrombi, and pleural effusion. Bronchiolitis obliterans, veno-occlusive disease, and secondary malignancies occur late after BMT. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, GVHD, and radiation induced lung injury can occur in early or late period after BMT.
Progressive cardiomyopathy as manifestation of mitochondrial disease
Authors: Nan D N , Fernández-Ayala M , Infante J , Matorras P , González-Macías J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of cardiac diseases in which the myocardium is primarily involved. Mitochondrial DNA point mutations have been identified in a broad spectrum of mitochondrial disorders, which are associated with neurological diseases. However, they also have been reported in patients with cardiomyopathy, either alone or as part of a multisystem disorder. A patient who presented with severe heart failure and was diagnosed as having a mitochondrial A3243G mutation is described.
Development of the health and economic consequences of smoking interactive model
Authors: Orme Michelle E , Hogue Susan L , Kennedy Lisa M , Paine Abigail C , Godfrey Christine 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVETo describe the health and economic consequences of smoking model, a user friendly, web based tool, designed to estimate the health and economic outcomes associated with smoking and the benefits of smoking cessation.RESULTSAn overview of the development of the model equations and user interface is given, and data from the UK are presented as an example of the model outputs. These results show that a typical smoking cessation strategy costs approximately £1200 per life year saved and £22 000 per death averted.CONCLUSIONSThe model successfully captures the complexity required to model smoking behaviour and associated mortality, morbidity, and health care costs. Furthermore, the interface provides the results in a simple and flexible way so as to be useful to a variety of audiences and to simulate a variety of smoking cessation methods.
Examining the effects of tobacco treatment policies on smoking rates and smoking related deaths using theSimSmokecomputer simulation model
Authors: Levy D T , Friend K 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To develop a simulation model to predict the effects of different smoking treatment policies on quit rates, smoking rates, and smoking attributable deaths.Methods: We first develop a decision theoretic model of quitting behaviour, which incorporates the decision to quit and the choice of treatment. A model of policies to cover the costs of different combinations of treatments and to require health care provider intervention is then incorporated into the quit model. The policy model allows for the smoker to substitute between treatments and for policies to reduce treatment effectiveness. TheSimSmokecomputer simulation model is then used to examine policy effects on smoking rates and smoking attributable deaths.Results: The model of quit behaviour predicts a population quit rate of 4.3% in 1993, which subsequently falls and then increases in recent years to 4.5%. The policy model suggests a 25% increase in quit rates from a policy that mandates brief interventions and the coverage of all proven treatments. Smaller effects are predicted from policies that mandate more restricted coverage of treatments, especially those limited to behavioural treatment. These policies translate into small reductions in the smoking rate at first, but increase to as much as a 5% reduction in smoking rates. They also lead to substantial savings in lives.Conclusions: Tobacco treatment policies, especially those with broad and flexible coverage, have the potential to increase smoking cessation substantially and decrease smoking rates in the short term, with fairly immediate reductions in deaths.
Observation and analysis (synthesis) of X-ray spectrum originated from electron capture of low-energy, highly charged Xeq+ (q = 2643) ions in single collisions with Ar atom
Authors: Vasilyev A A , Tawara H , Richard P , Safronova U I 
Published: July 2002

X-rays have been observed in collisions of low-energy (keV/u), highly charged Xeq+ (q = 2643) ions with neutral Ar atoms. These X-rays are understood to be produced through electron capture by highly charged projectile ions from target atoms, the electrons then cascade down to the ground state. It is clearly noted that the most intense X-ray peaks correspond to M-shell  N-shell transitions with different numbers of M-shell vacancies and that X-ray intensities decrease significantly toward high energies near the ionization limit. This observation indicates that the direct transition of an electron captured in a highly excited state to M-shell vacancies is negligibly small. To obtain a better understanding of X-ray production mechanisms, we tried to synthesize the expected X-ray spectrum and compare that with the observed spectrum. The synthesized spectra were found to reproduce the observed spectra reasonably well. PACS Nos: 32.30Rj, 32.70Cs, 32.80Rm, 34.70+e
Nonstatistical fluctuations of target fragments emitted in high-energy nucleusnucleus collisions
Authors: Abd-Allah N N 
Published: July 2002

Analysis of target-fragmented "black" particles in nuclear emulsion from high-energy relativistic interactions initiated by 28Si at 4.5 A GeV/c is investigated. The number of slowly emitted particles from the struck target nucleus is considered as a measure of the degree of excitation of the residual nucleus. This number shows a constant critical value, with the degree of the impact parameter or the degree of excitation. The target evaporation particles of nucleusnucleus interaction reveal the existence of nonstatistical fluctuations in the azimuthal plane of the interaction. The asymmetry or nonstatistical fluctuations, while found to be independent of projectile mass or incident energy, are dependent on the excitation energy of the target nucleus. A multiparticle correlation is observed between created particles as well as target fragments. This assumes production of clusters. These clusters seem to be formed during the decoloring process. PACS No.: 25.70Mn
MICROMAGNETISM IN URu2Si2 AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: VIROSZTEK ATTILA , MAKI KAZUMI , DÓRA BALÁZS 
Published: July 2002

It has been proposed, that unconventional density waves (UDW) are possible candidates for systems with hidden order parameter. Unlike in conventional density waves, no periodic modulation of either the charge-, or the spin-density is present in UDW, in spite of a clear thermodynamic signal. Although the unconventional spin density wave (USDW) has been suggested for the "antiferromagnetic" phase of URu2Si2 , the micromagnetism seen by neutron scattering has not been understood. We present here the calculation of the local spin density due to impurities in USDW, which describes quantitatively the neutron scattering data by Amitsuka et al. Further, we propose that the pseudogap phase in high temperature superconductors (HTSC) should also be USDW. Strong evidence for this are the micromagnetism seen by Sidis et al., and the optical dichroism seen by Campuzano et al.
KINEMATICS OF THE ROTATIONAL SHIFT OF THE PROXIMAL CARPAL ROW
Authors: Gupta Ajay 
Published: July 2002

The biomechanics of the wrist, particularly pertaining to its rotational shift, is ill understood and remains controversial. The rotational shift of the proximal carpal row comprises three components: the ulnar or the radial translation, volar or dorsal rotation and the supination, pronation. Newer mechanisms governing the rotational shift have been suggested, operating through either the radioulnar translation of the obliquely placed scaphoid or through an inherent mechanism in the lunate itself.The wrist joint is made up of the distal carpal row and the radioulnar articulation, with the proximal carpal row as the intercalated segment to maintain the intervening gap between the two articular surfaces. The rotational shift has been suggested to be the crux providing great versatility to the intercalated segment, in order to conform to the changing dimensions of the gap between the distal radius and the distal carpal row during the movements of the wrist.
High-level language debugging for concurrent programs
Authors: Goldszmidt German S. , Yemini Shaula , Katz Shmuel 
Published: July 2002

An integrated system design for debugging distributed programs written in concurrent high-level languages is described. A variety of user-interface, monitoring, and analysis tools integrated around a uniform process model are provided. Because the tools are language-based, the user does not have to deal with low-level implementation details of distribution and concurrency, and instead can focus on the logic of the program in terms of language-level objects and constructs. The tools provide facilities for experimentation with process scheduling, environment simulation, and nondeterministic selections. Presentation and analysis of the program's behavior are supported by history replay, state queries, and assertion checking. Assertions are formulated in linear time temporal logic, which is a logic particularly well suited to specify the behavior of distributed programs.
The tools are separated into two sets. The language-specific tools are those that directly interact with programs for monitoring of and on-line experimenting with distributed programs. The language-independent tools are those that support off-line presentation and analysis of the monitored information. This separation makes the system applicable to a wide range of programming languages. In addition, the separation of interactive experimentation from off-line analysis provides for efficient exploitation of both user time and machine resources. The implementation of a debugging facility for OCCAM is described.