bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall types over southern West Africa: Objective identification, climatology and synoptic environment
Authors: Maranan Marlon , Fink Andreas H. , Knippertz Peter 
Published: July 2018

Southern West Africa (SWA) is characterised by a wide range of rainfall types, the relative importance of which have never been quantified on a regional level. Here, we use 16 years of three‐dimensional reflectivity data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission–Precipitation Radar (TRMM‐PR) to objectively distinguish between seven different rainfall types in three subregions of SWA.Highly organized Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) events are the dominating rain‐bearing systems in SWA. They tend to occur in highly sheared environments as a result of mid‐level northeasterlies ahead of a cyclonic vortex. Their contribution to annual rainfall decreases from 71% in the Soudanian to 56% in the coastal zone. MCSs in SWA also propagate slower than their Sahelian counterparts and occur predominantly at the start of the first coastal rainy season. However, in terms of numbers, about 90% of rainfall systems are weakly organized classes, particularly small‐sized, highly reflective and moderately deep (40 dBZ at altitude <10 km) systems. Contrary to MCSs, less organized convection typically occurs during and after the passage of a cyclonic vortex within a regime of deep westerly anomalies, low wind shear and low to moderate CAPE (convective available potential energy), bearing some resemblance to what has been termed “monsoon” or “vortex rainfall”. Combining TRMM‐PR rainfall system identification with infrared‐based cloud tracking reveals that organized convection over SWA typically lasts for more than >9 h, whereas less intense rainfall types tend to be short‐lived, diurnal phenomena.This novel approach stresses the relevance of mid‐level (wave) disturbances on the type and lifetime of convective systems and thereby their regionally, seasonally and diurnally varying contribution to rainfall amount. The present study suggests further investigations into the character of the disturbances as well as possible implications for operational forecasting and the understanding of rainfall variability in SWA.
Information‐driven robotic sampling in the coastal ocean
Authors: Fossum Trygve Olav , Eidsvik Jo , Ellingsen Ingrid , Alver Morten Omholt , Fragoso Glaucia Moreira , Johnsen Geir , Mendes Renato , Ludvigsen Martin , Rajan Kanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient sampling of coastal ocean processes, especially mechanisms such as upwelling and internal waves and their influence on primary production, is critical for understanding our changing oceans. Coupling robotic sampling with ocean models provides an effective approach to adaptively sample such features. We present methods that capitalize on information from ocean models and in situ measurements, using Gaussian process modeling and objective functions, allowing sampling efforts to be concentrated to regions with high scientific interest. We demonstrate how to combine and correlate marine data from autonomous underwater vehicles, model forecasts, remote sensing satellite, buoy, and ship‐based measurements, as a means to cross‐validate and improve ocean model accuracy, in addition to resolving upper water‐column interactions. Our work is focused on the west coast of Mid‐Norway where significant influx of Atlantic Water produces a rich and complex physical–biological coupling, which is hard to measure and characterize due to the harsh environmental conditions. Results from both simulation and full‐scale sea trials are presented.
Lasting community wellbeing: Comparison of Lisbon and Tokyo
Authors: Kumagai Yoichi , Partidario Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces the concept of lasting community wellbeing (LCW), through the lens of five sustainability‐related features at the neighborhood scale in larger city‐regions. The LCW features are vicinity, sense of place, urban and suburban farming, safety and learning, which emphasize continuity of individual and collective satisfaction of local daily lives based on hedonic and eudaimonic outcomes. This exploratory study creates a framework of LCW and investigates whether the five features are useful as an LCW framework in the comparison between Lisbon and Tokyo in identifying similarities and differences. Applying the framework to the comparative case studies shows that the five features are relevant and strategic for analyzing sustainability of daily lives at the neighborhood scale, while accommodating multiple cultural differences.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Binding Studies of Flufenamic‐ Acid‐Based Metal Complexes
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Tewari Shailabh , Balendra  , Karmakar Sandip , Ramanan Arunachalam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSynthesis and structural characterization of four new coordination solids of flufenamic acid (ffa), a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug molecule with biologically significant cobalt and zinc along with an auxiliary N‐donor ligand (4ap or 2ap) are reported: Co3(ffa)6(4ap)2 1, Zn3(ffa)6(4ap)2 2, Co3(ffa)6(2ap)2 3 and Zn3(ffa)6(2ap)2 4. All the four compounds are molecular solids built of analogous linear, trinuclear metal carboxylates. Crystal packing of all the solids were dominated by weak interactions viz. C−F⋅⋅⋅H−C, C−F⋅⋅⋅F−C and C−H⋅⋅⋅H−C; however the positioning of the amino group in the auxiliary ligand led to a different crystal packing in the two pairs of solids containing the same aminopyridine. Two of the four coordination complexes showed higher binding affinity with bovine serum albumin protein in comparison to free ffa.
A systematic literature review of how mutation testing supports quality assurance processes
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Panichella Annibale , Zaidman Andy 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMutation testing has been very actively investigated by researchers since the 1970s, and remarkable advances have been achieved in its concepts, theory, technology, and empirical evidence. While the most influential realisations have been summarised by existing literature reviews, we lack insight into how mutation testing is actually applied. Our goal is to identify and classify the main applications of mutation testing and analyse the level of replicability of empirical studies related to mutation testing. To this aim, this paper provides a systematic literature review on the application perspective of mutation testing based on a collection of 191 papers published between 1981 and 2015. In particular, we analysed in which quality assurance processes mutation testing is used, which mutation tools and which mutation operators are employed. Additionally, we also investigated how the inherent core problems of mutation testing, ie, the equivalent mutant problem and the high computational cost, are addressed during the actual usage. The results show that most studies use mutation testing as an assessment tool targeting unit tests, and many of the supporting techniques for making mutation testing applicable in practice are still underdeveloped. Based on our observations, we made 9 recommendations for future work, including an important suggestion on how to report mutation testing in testing experiments in an appropriate manner.
Habitat‐Specific Reproductive Potential of Red Snapper: A Comparison of Artificial and Natural Reefs in the Western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Downey Charles H. , Streich Matthew K. , Brewton Rachel A. , Ajemian Matthew J. , Wetz Jennifer J. , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnergy exploration in the Gulf of Mexico (hereafter, Gulf) has resulted in the addition of numerous oil and gas production platforms that create structurally complex habitat in an area otherwise dominated by barren mud/sand bottom. How these artificial structures affect fish populations is largely unknown, and there is ongoing debate regarding their value as surrogate habitats for ecologically and economically important reef fish species. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterize trends in Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus reproductive potential in the western Gulf at oil and gas platform reefs relative to reproductive potential at natural banks. Red Snapper (n = 1,585) were collected during 2013–2015 from standing platforms, decommissioned platform artificial reefs, and natural banks by using standardized vertical line gear. Comparisons of gonadosomatic index, male : female ratios, batch fecundity, annual fecundity, spawning frequency, and number of spawning‐capable individuals indicated that Red Snapper reproductive biology was similar among natural bank, standing platform, and artificial reef habitats. These results suggest that in terms of reproductive output, fish inhabiting artificial reefs are functionally similar to similar‐aged fish on natural banks. This work can be used to make informed management decisions and suggests that there are benefits to converting decommissioned platforms into designated artificial reefs. Future studies should consider site‐specific characteristics, such as depth, vertical relief, and proximity to other structures, to elucidate how habitat characteristics may influence reproduction, ultimately improving future artificial reef deployments for fisheries enhancement in the western Gulf.
LES over RANS in building simulation for outdoor and indoor applications: A foregone conclusion?
Authors: Blocken Bert 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) undeniably has the potential to provide more accurate and more reliable results than simulations based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach. However, LES entails a higher simulation complexity and a much higher computational cost. In spite of some claims made in the past decades that LES would render RANS obsolete, RANS remains widely used in both research and engineering practice. This paper attempts to answer the questions why this is the case and whether this is justified, from the viewpoint of building simulation, both for outdoor and indoor applications. First, the governing equations and a brief overview of the history of LES and RANS are presented. Next, relevant highlights from some previous position papers on LES versus RANS are provided. Given their importance, the availability or unavailability of best practice guidelines is outlined. Subsequently, why RANS is still frequently used and whether this is justified or not is illustrated by examples for five application areas in building simulation: pedestrian-level wind comfort, near-field pollutant dispersion, urban thermal environment, natural ventilation of buildings and indoor airflow. It is shown that the answers vary depending on the application area but also depending on other—less obvious—parameters such as the building configuration under study. Finally, a discussion and conclusions including perspectives on the future of LES and RANS in building simulation are provided.
Gravity field, surface topography, and volcanic complexes of Kamchatka and its junction with the Aleutian arc
Authors: Dobretsov N.L. , Vasilevskiy A.N. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with interpretation of global digital maps of gravity anomalies and surface topography for the northwestern Pacific and Kamchatka regions. A transformation procedure is suggested to reveal subtle features of surface topography against high elevation contrasts. Gravity data (free-air and Bouguer anomalies) have important implications for the evolution of the circum-Pacific region and the problems of volcanism and geodynamics in subduction zones. The patterns of gravity anomalies and transformed topography interpreted jointly with onshore and offshore geological data can make a basis for tectonic paleoreconstructions of upper crust and lithospheric mantle structures.
Application of electrical prospecting methods to petroleum exploration on the northern margin of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Afanasenkov A.P. , Yakovlev D.V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper considers the potential of modern electrical prospecting methods for evaluating oil and gas occurrence on the northern margin of the Siberian Platform—a vast region from the Gydan Peninsula to the mouth of the Lena River. Results of regional electrical surveyes over the past 12 years in this region are generalized. The capabilities of electrical prospecting for solving the following four problems are defined: survey, in conjunction with seismics and drilling, in the Jurassic–Cretaceous part of the section; study of the structure of the Paleozoic sequence; study of the junction zones of large geoblocks and deep structure of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle; and study of the permafrost. © 2018, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Bazhenov Horizon of West Siberia: structure, correlation, and thickness
Authors: Ryzhkova S.V. , Burshtein L.M. , Ershov S.V. , Kazanenkov V.A. , Kontorovich A.E. , Kontorovich V.A. , Nekhaev A.Yu. , Nikitenko B.L. , Fomin M.A. , Shurygin B.N. , Beizel A.L. , Borisov E.V. , Zolotova O.V. , Kalinina L.M. , Ponomareva E.V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The type sections of the Bazhenov Horizon and formations recognized within this horizon have been identified based on a comprehensive analysis of paleontological, lithological, geophysical (well-log and CDP seismic data), and geochemical data on the West Siberian Basin. The Bazhenov Horizon was traced throughout the entire West Siberian sedimentary basin. The criteria for the recognition of the top and base of this horizon within the stratigraphic equivalents of the Bazhenov Formation were suggested. The proposed facies-stratigraphic zonation of the Bazhenov Horizon reflects the spatial location of all formations identified within this horizon. As seen on the newly proposed thickness map, the Bazhenov Horizon reaches a thickness of 15–25 m within the Bazhenov and Tutleim Formations, 30–35 m within the Mulym’ya Formation, 30–45 m within the Danilov Formation, 40–65 m within the Mar’yanovka Formation, up to 100 m within the Golchikha Formation, &gt; 350 m within the Yanovstan Formation, up to 35 m within the Bagan Formation, and 35–40 m within the Maksimkin Yar Formation. A marginal filter (according to A.P. Lisitzin) has been identified along the East Siberian land.
Experimental platform for the investigation of magnetized-reverse-shock dynamics in the context of POLAR
Authors: Albertazzi B. , Falize E. , Pelka A. , Brack F. , Kroll F. , Yurchak R. , Brambrink E. , Mabey P. , Ozaki N. , Pikuz S. , Van Box Som L. , Bonnet-Bidaud J. M. , Cross J. E. , Filippov E. , Gregori G. , Kodama R. , Mouchet M. , Morita T. , Sakawa Y. , Drake R. P. , Kuranz C. C. , Manuel M. J.-E. , Li C. , Tzeferacos P. , Lamb D. , Schramm U. , Koenig M. 
Published: July 2018

The influence of a strong external magnetic field on the collimation of a high Mach number plasma flow and its collision with a solid obstacle is investigated experimentally and numerically. The laser irradiation ($I\sim 2\times 10^{14}~\text{W}\cdot \text{cm}^{-2}$) of a multilayer target generates a shock wave that produces a rear side plasma expanding flow. Immersed in a homogeneous 10 T external magnetic field, this plasma flow propagates in vacuum and impacts an obstacle located a few mm from the main target. A reverse shock is then formed with typical velocities of the order of 15–20 $\pm$ 5 km/s. The experimental results are compared with 2D radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the FLASH code. This platform allows investigating the dynamics of reverse shock, mimicking the processes occurring in a cataclysmic variable of polar type.
INTERTWINING SEMISIMPLE CHARACTERS FOR -ADIC CLASSICAL GROUPS
Authors: SKODLERACK DANIEL , STEVENS SHAUN 
Published: July 2018

Let $G$be an orthogonal, symplectic or unitary group over a non-archimedean local field of odd residual characteristic. This paper concerns the study of the “wild part” of an irreducible smooth representation of $G$, encoded in its “semisimple character”. We prove two fundamental results concerning them, which are crucial steps toward a complete classification of the cuspidal representations of $G$. First we introduce a geometric combinatorial condition under which we prove an “intertwining implies conjugacy” theorem for semisimple characters, both in $G$and in the ambient general linear group. Second, we prove a Skolem–Noether theorem for the action of $G$on its Lie algebra; more precisely, two semisimple elements of the Lie algebra of $G$which have the same characteristic polynomial must be conjugate under an element of $G$if there are corresponding semisimple strata which are intertwined by an element of $G$.
Nations et Nations Fragiles
Authors: Guénette Par Dave , Mathieu Félix 
Published: July 2018

RésuméLes nations minoritaires dans les États multinationaux évoluent dans un contexte parfois incertain et inhospitalier de leur particularité sociétale, politique et culturelle. Si leur situation minoritaire n'est en rien un frein à leur existence comme nation, elle peut néanmoins s'accompagner d'un certain sentiment de fragilité nationale et même d'une peur de disparaître. Ces nations minoritaires, quand l’État auquel elles appartiennent refuse de reconnaître leur particularisme et de leur permettre de le défendre, peuvent alors rapidement devenir des nations fragiles. Il est l'objet du présent article de définir et de préciser le concept de nation fragile, à l'aide d'une discussion théorique, conceptuelle et normative.
Bonebridge transcutaneous bone conduction implant in children with congenital aural atresia: surgical and audiological outcomes
Authors: Ngui L X , Tang I P 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the surgical and audiological outcomes of the Bonebridge transcutaneous bone conduction hearing implant among children with congenital aural atresia.MethodsSix children were recruited and underwent Bonebridge transcutaneous bone conduction implant surgery. The patients’ audiometric thresholds for air conduction, bone conduction and sound-field tests were assessed pre-operatively and at six months post-operatively. Patients’ satisfaction was assessed at six months post-operatively with the Hearing Device Satisfaction Scale.ResultsNo major complications were reported. Mean aided sound-field thresholds improved post-operatively by more than 30 dB for 0.5–4 kHz (p < 0.05). Mean unaided air conduction and bone conduction thresholds differed by less than 5 dB post-operatively (compared to pre-operatively) for 0.5–4 kHz; these findings were not significant (p > 0.05). All patients were satisfied (scores were over 90 per cent) with the implant in terms of functional outcome and cosmetic appearance.ConclusionBonebridge transcutaneous bone conduction implant surgery is safe and effective among children with congenital aural atresia with conductive hearing loss.
Religious Others, Tourism, and Missionization: Buddhist ‘Monk Chats’ in Northern Thailand
Authors: SCHEDNECK BROOKE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConjunctures of globalization and education have shaped the intersection of Buddhist monasticism and international tourism in the Northern Thai city, Chiang Mai. International tourism in Chiang Mai has been popular since the 1990s, while monks from all over Thailand and South and Southeast Asia have come to Chiang Mai in large numbers to pursue higher education in English since the 2000s. Focusing on Buddhist temples that contain a Monk Chat programme, where tourists and monks engage in conversation, this article analyses the responses of Buddhist monks towards a range of international tourists. Utilizing the perspectives of Buddhist monks through interviews reveals attitudes towards Western and Asian tourists as situated within broader discourses of Thai society. Investigating these attitudes and responses within the context of wider state, regional, and transnational influences, I argue that attitudes towards religious others are inextricably connected to missionization.
Hip Hop headz in sex ed: Gender, agency, and styling in New Zealand
Authors: King Brian W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examines Hip Hop styling, gender, and sexual agency in a sex education class. The focus is on the indirect indexing of gender by a female-bodied student through the Hip Hop cultural personas of braggadocio and swagger, providing a rare look at ‘mundane’ performances of Hip Hop and its relationship to gender. Discourse analysis demonstrates that she used Hip Hop styling to manage ascriptions of sexual agency during a discussion task as she repeatedly recontextualized the telling of a classroom incident. Her language use afforded the trying out of identity meanings and required complex discursive work in relation to constructs such as masculinity, femininity, straight, and lesbian. These processes assisted her to negotiate how sexual agency might fit with her various identifications and identities. Therefore the potential for Hip Hop styling to connect identities with language has implications for both sexuality education and the study of sociolinguistics. (Agency, gender, Hip Hop, performativity, sexuality, social identities, styling)*
Cognitive enhancement for the ageing world: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Ienca Marcello , Shaw David Martin , Elger Bernice 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPopulation ageing and the global burden of dementia pose a major challenge for human societies and a priority for public health. Cognitive enhancement,i.e.the targeted amplification of core cognitive abilities, is raising increasing attention among researchers as an effective strategy to complement traditional therapeutic and assistive approaches, and reduce the impact of age-related cognitive disability. In this paper, we discuss the possible applicability of cognitive enhancement for public health purposes to mitigate the burden of population ageing and dementia. After discussing the promises and challenges associated with enhancing ageing citizens and people with cognitive disabilities, we argue that global societies have a moral obligation to consider the careful use of cognitive enhancement technologies as a possible strategy to improve individual and public health. In addition, we address a few primary normative issues and possible objections that could arise from the implementation of public health-oriented cognitive enhancement technologies.