bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Exposure History and Alcoholic Reward Differentially Alter Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens to a Reward‐Predictive Cue
Authors: Fiorenza Amanda M. , Shnitko Tatiana A. , Sullivan Kaitlin M. , Vemuru Sudheer R. , Gomez‐A Alexander , Esaki Julie Y. , Boettiger Charlotte A. , Da Cunha Claudio , Robinson Donita L. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundConditioned stimuli (CS) that predict reward delivery acquire the ability to induce phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This dopamine release may facilitate conditioned approach behavior, which often manifests as approach to the site of reward delivery (called “goal‐tracking”) or to the CS itself (called “sign‐tracking”). Previous research has linked sign‐tracking in particular to impulsivity and drug self‐administration, and addictive drugs may promote the expression of sign‐tracking. Ethanol (EtOH) acutely promotes phasic release of dopamine in the accumbens, but it is unknown whether an alcoholic reward alters dopamine release to a CS. We hypothesized that Pavlovian conditioning with an alcoholic reward would increase dopamine release triggered by the CS and subsequent sign‐tracking behavior. Moreover, we predicted that chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure would promote sign‐tracking while acute administration of naltrexone (NTX) would reduce it.MethodsRats received 14 doses of EtOH (3 to 5 g/kg, intragastric) or water followed by 6 days of Pavlovian conditioning training. Rewards were a chocolate solution with or without 10% (w/v) alcohol. We used fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry to measure phasic dopamine release in the NAc core in response to the CS and the rewards. We also determined the effect of NTX (1 mg/kg, subcutaneous) on conditioned approach.ResultsBoth CIE and alcoholic reward, individually but not together, associated with greater dopamine to the CS than control conditions. However, this increase in dopamine release was not linked to greater sign‐tracking, as both CIE and alcoholic reward shifted conditioned approach from sign‐tracking behavior to goal‐tracking behavior. However, they both also increased sensitivity to NTX, which reduced goal‐tracking behavior.ConclusionsWhile a history of EtOH exposure or alcoholic reward enhanced dopamine release to a CS, they did not promote sign‐tracking under the current conditions. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that EtOH can stimulate conditioned approach, but indicate that the conditioned response may manifest as goal‐tracking.
Blackouts as a Moderator of Young Adult Veteran Response to Personalized Normative Feedback for Heavy Drinking
Authors: Miller Mary Beth , DiBello Angelo M. , Carey Kate B. , Pedersen Eric R. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundBlackouts—or periods of alcohol‐induced amnesia for all or part of a drinking event—have been identified as independent predictors of alcohol‐related harm that may be used to identify individuals who would benefit from intervention. However, little is known about the prevalence and impact of blackouts among Veterans. This study examined blackouts as a moderator of young adult veteran response to a brief, online personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention for heavy drinking.MethodsVeterans scoring ≥3/4 (women/men) on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test completed a baseline and 1‐month assessment as part of a larger intervention trial (N = 571; 83% male; age M = 28.9, SD = 3.3). Participants were randomized to alcohol PNF (n = 285) or a video game attention control (n = 286). Hierarchical regression was used to examine the interaction between intervention condition and blackouts on alcohol‐related outcomes at 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, 26% of participants reported loss of memory for drinking events in the past 30 days. The interaction between condition and blackouts was significant, such that PNF participants who had experienced blackouts at baseline reported greater decreases in drinking quantity at 1 month than those who had not, and only PNF participants who had experienced baseline blackouts reported a decrease in alcohol problems at follow‐up.ConclusionsPNF appears to be particularly effective for individuals who have experienced alcohol‐induced blackout, perhaps because blackouts prime them for feedback on their alcohol use. While other negative consequences may also prime individuals for behavior change, blackouts are posited as a particularly useful screening tool because they are prevalent among young adults, have a strong association with alcohol‐related harm, and are assessed in widely used clinical measures.
No differences in olanzapine‐ and risperidone‐related weight gain between women and men: a meta‐analysis of short‐ and middle‐term treatment
Authors: Schoretsanitis G. , Drukker M. , Van Os J. , Schruers K. R. J. , Bak M. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveA plethora of data deriving from single studies as well as meta‐analyses demonstrates that weight gain is associated with the exposure to the majority of antipsychotics (AP). However, potential sex differences have widely evaded the attention of AP treatment trials. It is hypothesised that female patients gain more weight compared with male patients due to their enhanced susceptibility to adverse drug reactions.MethodA meta‐analysis was conducted using clinical trials of AP that reported weight change separately for female and male patients. Duration of AP use was stratified in four categories: <6 weeks, 6–16 weeks, 16–38 weeks and >38 weeks. Forest plots were generated for men and women separately, stratified by AP as well as by duration of use. Sex differences were tested by performing meta‐regression.ResultsData of 26 studies were used in the present analysis because sufficient data were available only for olanzapine, risperidone and the no‐medication group. Both female and male patients showed considerable weight gain after switch or initiate of olanzapine or risperidone, but meta‐regression analyses did not show significant sex differences.ConclusionThe present meta‐analysis revealed that sex differences in AP‐related weight gain have been under investigated hampering the detection of sex‐specific patterns. In chronic patients switching to olanzapine or risperidone receiving short‐or middle‐term treatment, AP were associated with weight gain in both sex subgroups and no significant differences were reported.
Soil microarthropod communities reduceHeterorhabditis bacteriophora(Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) host infection
Authors: Helmberger Maxwell S. , Shields Elson J. , Wickings Kyle G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBiological control agents applied to soil, such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), are exposed to a wide variety of organisms other than the pest that they are utilized against. Interactions with these other organisms may positively or negatively affect EPN performance and may be important for managers to take into account when using EPNs to control pests.The present study assessed the effect of soil microarthropods on the EPNHeterorhabditis bacteriophorawith respect to establishment within and infection of wax mothGalleria mellonellalarvae in soil arenas.The presence of soil microarthropods at typical field densities significantly reduced the establishment ofH. bacteriophoraadults withinG. mellonellalarvae and also reduced the percentage of hosts infected in one of two replicated trials. Specifically, adult EPN establishment was negatively correlated with the abundance of mesostigmatid mites.The results of the present study indicate that soil microarthropods at natural abundances can reduce EPN establishment even within the structurally complex environment of soil, although this does not always lead to reductions in insect infection rates.
Structural Model for Viscoelastic Properties of Pericardial Bioprosthetic Valves
Authors: Rassoli Aisa , Fatouraee Nasser , Guidoin Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe benefit of bioprosthetic aortic valve over mechanical valve replacements is the release of thromboembolism and digression of long‐term anticoagulation treatment. The function of bioprostheses and their efficiency is known to depend on the mechanical properties of the leaflet tissue. So it is necessary to select a suitable tissue for the bioprosthesis. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the viscoelastic behavior of bovine, equine, and porcine pericardium. In this study, pericardiums were compared mechanically from the viscoelastic aspect. After fixation of the tissues in glutaraldehyde, first uniaxial tests with different extension rates in the fiber direction were performed. Then, the stress relaxation tests in the fiber direction were done on these pericardial tissues by exerting 20, 30,40, and 50% strains. After evaluation of viscoelastic linearity, the Prony series, quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) and modified superposition theory were applied to the stress relaxation data. Finally, the parameters of these constitutive models were extracted for each pericardium tissue. All three tissues exhibited a decrease in relaxation rate with elevating strain, indicating the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of these tissues. The three‐term Prony model was selected for describing the linear viscoelasticity. Among different models, the QLV model was best able to capture the relaxation behavior of the pericardium tissues. More stiffness of porcine pericardium was observed in comparison to the two other pericardium tissues. The relaxation percentage of porcine pericardium was less than the two others. It can be concluded that porcine pericardium behaves more as an elastic and less like a viscous tissue in comparison to the bovine and equine pericardium.
Renal Resistance Trend During Hypothermic Machine Perfusion Is More Predictive of Postoperative Outcome Than Biopsy Score: Preliminary Experience in 35 Consecutive Kidney Transplantations
Authors: Bissolati Massimiliano , Gazzetta Paolo Giovanni , Caldara Rossana , Guarneri Giovanni , Adamenko Olga , Giannone Fabio , Mazza Michele , Maggi Giulia , Tomanin Deborah , Rosati Riccardo , Secchi Antonio , Socci Carlo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHypothermic machine perfusion (HPM) grants a better postoperative outcome in transplantation of organs procured from extended criteria donors (ECDs) and donors after cardiac death (DCD). So far, the only available parameter for outcome prediction concerning those organs is pretransplant biopsy score. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether renal resistance (RR) trend during HPM may be used as a predictive marker for post‐transplantation outcome. From December 2015 to present, HMP has been systematically applied to all organs from ECDs and DCD. All grafts underwent pretransplantation biopsy evaluation using Karpinski's histological score. Only organs that reached RR value ≤1.0 within 3 hours of perfusion were transplanted. Single kidney transplantation (SKT) or double kidney transplantation (DKT) were performed according to biopsy score results. Sixty‐five HMPs were performed (58 from ECDs and 7 from DCD/ECMO donors). Fifteen kidneys were insufficiently reconditioned (RR > 1) and were therefore discarded. Forty‐nine kidneys were transplanted, divided between 21 SKT and 14 DKT. Overall primary nonfunction (PNF) and delayed graft function (DGF) rate were 2.9 and 17.1%, respectively. DGF were more common in kidneys from DCD (67 vs. 7%; P = 0.004). Biopsy score did not correlate with PNF/DGF rate (P = 0.870) and postoperative creatinine trend (P = 0.796). Recipients of kidneys that reached RR ≤ 1.0 within 1 hour of HMP had a lower PNF/DGF rate (11 vs. 44%; P = 0.033) and faster serum creatinine decrease (POD10 creatinine: 1.79 mg/dL vs. 4.33 mg/dL; P = 0.019). RR trend is more predictive of post‐transplantation outcome than biopsy score. Hence, RR trend should be taken into account in the pretransplantation evaluation of the organs.
Meta‐analysis of trials comparing cefazolin to antistaphylococcal penicillins in the treatment of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Authors: Rindone Joseph P. , Mellen Chadwick K. 
Published: March 2018

AimsThe objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of cefazolin vs. antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP) in the treatment of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia.MethodsThe databases of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central were used to identify comparative trials of cefazolin vs. ASP in MSSA bacteraemia. Meta‐analysis of included trials was performed to assess any differences regarding mortality, clinical cure, recurrence and withdrawal from adverse effects between groups. Data were analysed using fixed effect model. Studies were weighted using Mantel–Haenszel methodology. Heterogeneity was calculated using the I2 statistic.ResultsNine retrospective and one prospective trials were identified involving 4728 patients, 2954 with ASP and 1774 with cefazolin. Meta‐analysis showed a lower mortality rate with cefazolin vs. ASP using fixed effect model [risk ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.88, P < 0.0001] with borderline high heterogeneity (I2 = 51%). Clinical cure was noted more often with cefazolin (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.17, P = 0.02), although no difference was noted with relapse (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.96–1.74 P = 0.09). Analysis also showed more withdrawals from adverse events with ASP vs. cefazolin (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.16–0.47, P < 0.00001). A minority of patients enrolled in these trials were admitted to the intensive care unit or had endocarditis (11.4% with ASP and 9% with cefazolin).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis of retrospective data demonstrate that cefazolin is more effective and safer ASP in patients with MSSA bacteraemia from various causes. Low quality of trials, borderline high heterogeneity, and possible publication bias may limit the validity of our findings. Randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Couples coping with sensory loss: A dyadic study of the roles of self‐ and perceived partner acceptance
Authors: Lehane Christine M. , Nielsen Tine , Wittich Walter , Langer Shelby , Dammeyer Jesper 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesHearing‐, vision‐, and dual‐sensory loss have been linked to relational and psychological distress among adults with sensory loss (AWSLs) and their spouses. Regardless, research on factors associated with couples’ adjustment is lacking. This study examined the stability and strength of associations between self‐acceptance of sensory loss, perceived partner acceptance of sensory loss, and relationship satisfaction and psychological distress among AWSLs and their spouses over time.DesignA total of 122 AWSLs and their spouses completed an online survey at two time points over a 6‐month period.MethodsA multigroup (i.e., time 1 and time 2) actor–partner interdependence model assessed the stability and strength of actor and partner effects of self‐acceptance and perceived partner acceptance on each partner's relationship satisfaction and psychological distress over time.ResultsNo moderation by time was identified, indicating stability in associations over the 6‐month period. Overall, both actor and partner effects were evident. Specifically, self‐acceptance among AWSLs was inversely associated with own psychological distress and the relationship satisfaction of spouses. Self‐acceptance by spouses was inversely associated with the psychological distress of AWSLs and spouses. Perception of spouse acceptance by AWSLs was positively associated with own and spouse relationship satisfaction.ConclusionsInterventions targeting acceptance that incorporate a family systems perspective may be beneficial in alleviating psychological and relational distress among couples coping with sensory loss.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The experience of hearing and/or vision loss has been linked to heightened distress both psychologically and within intimate relationships. Prior research has demonstrated a link between an individual's ability to accept their sensory loss and healthier well‐being.

What does this study add?

This is the first dyadic study of sensory loss acceptance and its link to relationship satisfaction and distress.

Acceptance operates interpersonally protecting against distress for those with sensory loss and their spouses.

Perceiving that one's spouse accepts the sensory loss is important for both partner's relationship satisfaction.
The potential effects of climate change on the habitat range of the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)
Authors: Thelin Larissa , Lewis Jeff , Gilchrist Alan , Craig Jessica 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch shows that the rise in surface temperatures induced by climate change will cause many animal species to follow their shifting ranges either upwards in elevation or polewards. Since the Vancouver Island marmot, one of Canada's most vulnerable species, is found in only a few fragmented locations on the Island, a shift in range could be detrimental to their well‐being. Using habitat restrictions based on existing successful hibernacula, this study modeled the marmot's current potential habitat range, which was found to be approximately 3200 km2, or 9.6% of the area of Vancouver Island. Next, we modeled the potential shift in habitat range due to the projected change in the climate of Vancouver Island and found that the habitat range shrinks to just 85 km2, or 0.2% of Vancouver Island. These results outline a clear trend in marmot habitat—that the impacts of climate change will substantially reduce the amount of potential habitat for the Vancouver Island marmot. We recommend that further research focus on the impacts of climate change on local climate regimes, including snowpack, marmot predators, and marmot food sources. Soil depths and natural meadows are also important to marmot habitat and require additional research and mapping.
Pathological tumor regression grade of metastatic tumors in lymph node predicts prognosis in esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Kadota Tomohiro , Hatogai Ken , Yano Tomonori , Fujita Takeo , Kojima Takashi , Daiko Hiroyuki , Fujii Satoshi 
Published: March 2018

Tumor regression grade of the primary tumor (TRG‐PT) and residual lymph node metastasis have been pathologically determined in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) followed by surgery; however, TRG of the metastatic tumor involving lymph nodes (LN) has not yet been determined. The aim of the present study was to clarify the impact of TRG on the prognosis of ESCC patients. ESCC patients (n = 110) who had received nCT followed by surgery were enrolled. Dissected LN were classified into 2 categories: plausible positive metastatic LN (pp‐MLN) where viable and/or degenerated ESCC cells and/or tissue modifications were observed, and non‐metastatic LN (non‐MLN) where neither of them was observed. We defined nCT‐effective rate (CER) as the ratio of the number of pp‐MLN that showed tumor regression to the total number of pp‐MLN, and divided CER into low‐CER (LCER; ≥0% and <50%) and high‐CER (HCER; ≥50% and ≤100%). Relationships between CER and clinicopathological factors including prognosis were then examined. Multivariate analyses of 110 patients indicated that ypT3‐4 (P = .023, HR; 2.551), positive venous infiltration (P = .006, HR; 3.526), and LCER (P = .033, HR; 1.922) were independently associated with shorter recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Multivariate analyses of 43 patients with grade 0 TRG‐PT showed that ypT3‐4 (P = .033, HR; 3.397) and LCER (P = .008, HR; 3.543) were independently associated with shorter RFS. This study showed that CER was one of the prognostic factors for ESCC patients who had received nCT followed by surgery.
Right atrial structure and function in patients with hypertension and with chronic heart failure
Authors: Proplesch Moritz , Merz Allison A. , Claggett Brian L. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Dwyer Kristin H. , Crousillat Daniela R. , Lau Emily S. , Silverman Montane B. , Peck Julie , Rivero Jose , Cheng Susan , Platz Elke 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPrior studies have shown that both heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are factors that impact left atrial function and structure. However, right atrial (RA) function measured as RA emptying fraction (RAEF) on echocardiography has not been analyzed systematically in a chronic HF population. The aim of this study was to assess RA volume index (RAVI) and RAEF in patients with chronic HF and patients with hypertension (HTN) and to relate these findings to other cardiopulmonary ultrasound parameters and 12‐month outcomes.Methods and ResultsIn this prospective observational study, we identified 119 patients with chronic HF (64 patients without a history of AF [HF without AF], 55 with AF [HF with AF]), and 127 patients with HTN but without important cardiac disease who underwent routine outpatient transthoracic echocardiography. We found that RAEF was impaired in patients with HF without AF compared to patients with HTN (35% ±2 vs 50% ±1, P < .001), whereas RAVI did not differ between these two groups. Lower RAEF was associated with larger RAVI and higher estimated RA pressures but not with a higher degree of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound. Both lower RAEF and higher RAVI were associated with an increased risk of 12‐month HF hospitalizations or all‐cause death (age, sex, and AF adjusted HR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.69–9.79; P = .002, vs 2.74, 95% CI: 1.15–6.54, P = .023).ConclusionsIn an outpatient HF cohort, both lower RAEF and increased RAVI were associated with other markers of impaired cardiac function and 12‐month adverse events.
Assessment of multidirectional movements of the common carotid artery in atherothrombotic stroke using dimensional speckle tracking carotid ultrasonography: A prospective, controlled cohort study
Authors: Yoon Ji Hyun , Han Donghee , Kim Sujin , Cho In‐Jeong , Sung Ji min , Lee Jinyong , Ryoo Hojin , Shim Chi Young , Hong Geu‐Ru , Chang Hyuk‐Jae 
Published: March 2018

AimWe aimed to explore the relevance of multidirectional movements of the common carotid artery in atherothrombotic stroke.Methods and ResultsWe prospectively enrolled 69 patients with atherothrombotic stroke (stroke group) and 69 age‐matched and sex‐matched controls (control group) who underwent carotid ultrasonography. Based on the speckle tracking technique, circumferential and radial movements of the common carotid artery were analyzed from transverse and longitudinal B‐mode images of the common carotid artery. Peak longitudinal and radial displacements, strain, and strain rate were measured. Mean age of the overall population was 64 ± 11 years, and 57% (78 patients) were men. In the transverse image, circumferential strain was significantly lower in the stroke group than in the control group (5.6 ± 1.6 vs 4.2 ± 1.7, P < .001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, circumferential strain was independently associated with stroke (odds ratio: 0.60, P = .001). Compared with conventional risk factors, as well as carotid intima–media thickness and carotid plaque, the addition of a strain parameter appeared to improve discrimination of a stroke event (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.65 and 0.75 vs 0.84, respectively; P < .05 for both).ConclusionsCircumferential strain of the common carotid artery might serve as a novel surrogate marker of atherothrombotic stroke. Multidirectional strain imaging of the common carotid artery may provide more information than conventional carotid ultrasonography and identify clinical risk factors for risk stratification of an acute stroke event.