bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining Near‐Bottom Fluxes of Passive Tracers in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Bluteau Cynthia E. , Ivey Gregory N. , Donis Daphne , McGinnis Daniel F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn aquatic systems, the eddy correlation method (ECM) provides vertical flux measurements near the sediment‐water interface. The ECM independently measures the turbulent vertical velocities
and the turbulent tracer concentration
at a high sampling rate (> 1 Hz) to obtain the vertical flux
from their time‐averaged covariance. This method requires identifying and resolving all the flow‐dependent time (and length) scales contributing to
. With increasingly energetic flows, we demonstrate that the ECM's current technology precludes resolving the smallest flux‐contributing scales. To avoid these difficulties, we show that for passive tracers such as dissolved oxygen,
can be measured from estimates of two scalar quantities: the rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ε and the rate of tracer variance dissipation χc. Applying this approach to both laboratory and field observations demonstrates that
is well resolved by the new method and can provide flux estimates in more energetic flows where the ECM cannot be used.
Forward Modeling of Coronal Mass Ejection Flux Ropes in the Inner Heliosphere with 3DCORE
Authors: Möstl C. , Amerstorfer T. , Palmerio E. , Isavnin A. , Farrugia C. J. , Lowder C. , Winslow R. M. , Donnerer J. M. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Boakes P. D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractForecasting the geomagnetic effects of solar storms, known as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), is currently severely limited by our inability to predict the magnetic field configuration in the CME magnetic core and by observational effects of a single spacecraft trajectory through its 3‐D structure. CME magnetic flux ropes can lead to continuous forcing of the energy input to the Earth's magnetosphere by strong and steady southward‐pointing magnetic fields. Here we demonstrate in a proof‐of‐concept way a new approach to predict the southward field Bz in a CME flux rope. It combines a novel semiempirical model of CME flux rope magnetic fields (Three‐Dimensional Coronal ROpe Ejection) with solar observations and in situ magnetic field data from along the Sun‐Earth line. These are provided here by the MESSENGER spacecraft for a CME event on 9–13 July 2013. Three‐Dimensional Coronal ROpe Ejection is the first such model that contains the interplanetary propagation and evolution of a 3‐D flux rope magnetic field, the observation by a synthetic spacecraft, and the prediction of an index of geomagnetic activity. A counterclockwise rotation of the left‐handed erupting CME flux rope in the corona of 30° and a deflection angle of 20° is evident from comparison of solar and coronal observations. The calculated Dst matches reasonably the observed Dst minimum and its time evolution, but the results are highly sensitive to the CME axis orientation. We discuss assumptions and limitations of the method prototype and its potential for real time space weather forecasting and heliospheric data interpretation.
Comment on “Relict Basin Closure and Crustal Shortening Budgets During Continental Collision: An Example From Caucasus Sediment Provenance” by Cowgill et al. (2016)
Authors: Vincent Stephen J. , Saintot Aline , Mosar Jon , Okay Aral I. , Nikishin Anatoly M. 
Published: February 2018

Plain Language SummaryThe southern slope of the Greater Caucasus mountains is the site of a former rift basin. In order to explain shortening deficits, plate deceleration, and the ~5 Ma reorganization of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone Cowgill et al. (2016) proposed that this basin closed ~5 Myrs ago. Within the western Greater Caucasus, at least, careful examination of sedimentological, provenance, and seismic data, however, supports an earlier ~35 Ma basin closure age. Basin closure cannot therefore be the driving mechanism for the ~5 Ma deceleration of the Arabian plate and reorganization of the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone.
Religious versus reflective priming and susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy
Authors: Bakhti Rinad 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe effect of religious priming has been studied in relation to a number of variables, most extensively with prosocial behavior. The effects of priming on cognitive domains, however, are relatively understudied. The present study examined the effects of religious priming, compared with reflective and neutral priming, on the conjunction fallacy. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 priming conditions. Priming was presented through the scrambled sentence task in which participants were required to rearrange words of a religious (e.g., pray), reflective (e.g., reason), or neutral (e.g., paper) content. The conjunction fallacy was measured by a task containing 1 problem. Results indicated that those undergoing the religious prime were significantly more likely to commit the conjunction fallacy compared with those in the reflective priming group. Situations in which reasoning is integral may benefit from knowing the immediate effects of religious versus reflective stimuli in the environment.
An adaptive design for quantized feedback control of uncertain switched linear systems
Authors: Moustakis Nikolaos , Yuan Shuai , Baldi Simone 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of asymptotic tracking for switched linear systems with parametric uncertainties and dwell‐time switching, when input measurements are quantized due to the presence of a communication network closing the control loop. The problem is solved via a dynamic quantizer with dynamic offset that, embedded in a model reference adaptive control framework, allows the design of the adaptive adjustments for the control parameters and for the dynamic range and dynamic offset of the quantizer. The overall design is carried out via a Lyapunov‐based zooming procedure, whose main feature is overcoming the need for zooming out at every switching instant, in order to compensate for the possible increment of the Lyapunov function at the switching instants. It is proven analytically that the resulting adjustments guarantee asymptotic state tracking. The proposed quantized adaptive control is applied to the piecewise linear model of the NASA Generic Transport Model aircraft linearized at multiple operating points.
Ultrathin 2D Nonlayered Tellurium Nanosheets: Facile Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation, Characterization, and Photoresponse with High Performance and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Xie Zhongjian , Xing Chenyang , Huang Weichun , Fan Taojian , Li Zhongjun , Zhao Jinlai , Xiang Yuanjiang , Guo Zhinan , Li Jianqing , Yang Zhigang , Dong Biqing , Qu Junle , Fan Dianyuan , Zhang Han 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNonlayered materials are constructed with chemical covalent bonds in all three dimensions, distinct from layered materials, which contain evident structural differences in the horizontal and vertical directions. As a consequence, liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE), a widely explored technique to obtain 2D layered nanoarchitectures, has not yet been fully characterized for the realization of 2D nonlayered nanostructures. Herein, by virtue of a typical chain‐like structure of crystalline bulk Te with strong TeTe covalent bonds in intrachains and weak Van der Waals forces in interchains, ultrathin 2D nonlayered Te nanosheets are realized by means of an LPE method. The resultant 2D Te nanosheets possess a broad lateral dimension ranging from 41.5 to 177.5 nm and a thickness ranging from 5.1 to 6.4 nm, and its photoresponse properties are evaluated using photoelectrochemical measurements. The 2D Te nanosheets exhibit excellent photoresponse behaviors from the UV to the visible regime in association with strong time and cycle stability for the on/off switching behaviors. The fabrication approach of 2D Te nanosheets would arouse interest in exfoliating other nonlayered 2D materials, which would expand the family of 2D materials.
Toward Optimal Performance and In‐Depth Understanding of Spinel Li4Ti5O12 Electrodes through Phase Field Modeling
Authors: Vasileiadis Alexandros , de Klerk Niek J. J. , Smith Raymond B. , Ganapathy Swapna , Harks Peter Paul R. M. L. , Bazant Martin Z. , Wagemaker Marnix 
Published: February 2018

AbstractComputational modeling is vital for the fundamental understanding of processes in Li‐ion batteries. However, capturing nanoscopic to mesoscopic phase thermodynamics and kinetics in the solid electrode particles embedded in realistic electrode morphologies is challenging. In particular for electrode materials displaying a first order phase transition, such as LiFePO4, graphite, and spinel Li4Ti5O12, predicting the macroscopic electrochemical behavior requires an accurate physical model. Herein, a thermodynamic phase field model is presented for Li‐ion insertion in spinel Li4Ti5O12 which captures the performance limitations presented in literature as a function of all relevant electrode parameters. The phase stability in the model is based on ab initio density functional theory calculations and the Li‐ion diffusion parameters on nanoscopic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of Li‐ion mobility, resulting in a parameter free model. The direct comparison with prepared electrodes shows good agreement over three orders of magnitude in the discharge current. Overpotentials associated with the various charge transport processes, as well as the active particle fraction relevant for local hotspots in batteries, are analyzed. It is demonstrated which process limits the electrode performance under a variety of realistic conditions, providing comprehensive understanding of the nanoscopic to microscopic properties. These results provide concrete directions toward the design of optimally performing Li4Ti5O12 electrodes.
Conducting Helical Structures from Celery Decorated with a Metallic Conjugated Polymer Give Resonances in the Terahertz Range
Authors: Elfwing Anders , Ponseca Carlito S. , Ouyang Liangqi , Urbanowicz Andrzej , Krotkus Aru–nas , Tu Deyu , Forchheimer Robert , Inganäs Olle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA method to decorate cellulose‐based helices retrieved from the plant celery with a conductive polymer is proposed. Using a layer‐by‐layer method, the decoration of the polyanionic conducting polymer poly(4‐(2,3‐dihydrothieno [3,4‐b]‐[1,4]dioxin‐2‐yl‐methoxy)‐1‐butanesulfonic acid (PEDOT‐S) is enhanced after coating the negatively charged cellulose helix with a polycationic polyethyleneimine. Microscopy techniques and two‐point probe are used to image the structure and measure the conductivity of the helix. Analysis of the optical and electrical properties of the coated helix in the terahertz (THz) frequency range shows a resonance close to 1 THz and a broad shoulder that extends to 3.5 THz, consistent with electromagnetic models. Moreover, as helical antennas, it is shown that both axial and normal modes are present, which are correlated to the orientation and antenna electrical lengths of the coated helices. This work opens the possibility of designing tunable terahertz antennas through simple control of their dimensions and orientation.
Bio‐inspired Highly Scattering Networks via Polymer Phase Separation
Authors: Syurik Julia , Jacucci Gianni , Onelli Olimpia D. , Hölscher Hendrik , Vignolini Silvia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA common strategy to optimize whiteness in living organisms consists in using 3D random networks with dense and polydisperse scattering elements constituted by relatively low refractive index materials. Inspired by these natural architectures, a fast and scalable method to produce highly scattering porous polymer films via phase separation is developed. By varying the molecular weight of the polymer, the morphology of the porous films is modified, and therefore their scattering properties are tuned. The achieved transport mean free paths are in the micrometer range, improving the scattering strength of analogous low refractive index systems, e.g., standard white paper, by an order of magnitude. The produced porous films show a broadband reflectivity of ≈75% while only 4 µm thick. In addition, the films are flexible and can be readily index‐matched with water (i.e., they become transparent when wet), allowing for various applications such as coatings with tunable transmittance and responsive paints.
Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Amorphous Polymer Poly(Styrene Sulfonic Acid) in Air in the Dry Solid State
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Tsuchida Hiromu , Kakuta Takahiro , Yamagishi Tada‐aki , Taema Ai , Ono Toshikazu , Sugimoto Manabu , Mizuno Motohiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolymer‐based room‐temperature‐phosphorescent (RTP) materials are attractive alternatives to low‐molecular‐weight organic RTP compounds because they can form self‐standing transparent films with high thermal stability. However, their RTP lifetimes in air are usually short (<≈0.4 s). Here, the simple organic amorphous polymer, poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), exhibits an ultralong RTP lifetime in air when desiccated. The maximum lifetime is 1.22 s, which is three times that of previously reported RTP amorphous organic polymers. The lifetime can be controlled by the PSS molecular weight and by the ratio of sulfonic acid groups introduced into the polymer. The dry polymers should enable unprecedented molecular engineering in organic molecule‐based optoelectronic devices because of the self‐standing and thermal stability attributes.
A Capsule‐Type Microrobot with Pick‐and‐Drop Motion for Targeted Drug and Cell Delivery
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Kim Soyeun , Kim Sangwon , Kim Jin‐Young , Moon Cheil , Nelson Bradley J. , Choi Hongsoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA capsule‐type microrobot exhibits “pick‐and‐drop” (P&D) motion to hold a particle within a confined volume and transports it via a corkscrewing motion. The P&D motion is possible because the capsule‐type microrobot has two parts: a plunger and a cap. The fabricated microrobots are wirelessly controlled by a magnetic manipulator. Drugs or cells can be encapsulated in the container of the capsule‐type microrobot by the P&D motion or attached to the surface of the cap, which can be used as a supporting structure. Therefore, the capsule‐type microrobot can deliver suspended or adherent cells. The drug or cells are minimally exposed or not completely exposed to the surrounding fluid and do not experience shear force when encapsulated in the container. As a proof‐of‐concept, secure transportation of microparticles in the confined volume of the capsule via P&D motion is demonstrated. In addition, the cap is used as a scaffold for neuronal cell culture on a rat brain slice to demonstrate its biocompatibility and feasibility for targeted cell delivery. The proposed capsule‐type microrobot is suitable for diverse applications, as it protects the encapsulated materials.
Superhydrophobic Blood‐Repellent Surfaces
Authors: Jokinen Ville , Kankuri Esko , Hoshian Sasha , Franssila Sami , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces repel water and, in some cases, other liquids as well. The repellency is caused by topographical features at the nano‐/microscale and low surface energy. Blood is a challenging liquid to repel due to its high propensity for activation of intrinsic hemostatic mechanisms, induction of coagulation, and platelet activation upon contact with foreign surfaces. Imbalanced activation of coagulation drives thrombogenesis or formation of blood clots that can occlude the blood flow either on‐site or further downstream as emboli, exposing tissues to ischemia and infarction. Blood‐repellent superhydrophobic surfaces aim toward reducing the thrombogenicity of surfaces of blood‐contacting devices and implants. Several mechanisms that lead to blood repellency are proposed, focusing mainly on platelet antiadhesion. Structured surfaces can: (i) reduce the effective area exposed to platelets, (ii) reduce the adhesion area available to individual platelets, (iii) cause hydrodynamic effects that reduce platelet adhesion, and (iv) reduce or alter protein adsorption in a way that is not conducive to thrombus formation. These mechanisms benefit from the superhydrophobic Cassie state, in which a thin layer of air is trapped between the solid surface and the liquid. The connections between water‐ and blood repellency are discussed and several recent examples of blood‐repellent superhydrophobic surfaces are highlighted.
Design of Hierarchal 3D Metal Oxide Structures for Water Oxidation and Purification
Authors: Diab Mahmud , Shreteh Karam , Afik Noa , Volokh Michael , Abramovich Sigal , Abdu Uri , Mokari Taleb 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGiven their unique properties, tremendous progress is realized in the use of nanostructured materials for various applications. However, their incorporation and fabrication into prototypic devices remain challenging due to their limited ability to form hierarchical 3D structures through the use of large scale, low cost, and facile processes. Herein, this challenge is addressed and the growth of unique hierarchical structures is demonstrated by coating calcareous foraminiferal shells with metal oxide materials via simple and inexpensive processes conducted on a large scale. Foraminifera are highly diverse and abundant marine unicellular protists surrounded by large, ranging from 0.1 mm to more than 200 mm in size, identical porous, and complex hierarchical shells. In the present study, these hierarchal structures are investigated in electrochemical water oxidation reactions and tested in terms of their ability to purify water from inorganic (metal ions) contaminates. The remarkable performances of the prototype filters and catalysts developed here, among the best recorded values in both fields, are reported. These findings thus open new perspectives for catalytic and water purification applications.
Strategic Synthesis of Ultrasmall NiCo2O4 NPs as Hole Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ouyang Dan , Xiao Junyan , Ye Fei , Huang Zhanfeng , Zhang Hong , Zhu Lu , Cheng Jiaqi , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study proposes a novel strategy of controllable deamination of Co–NH3 complexes in a system containing Ni(OH)2 to synthesize ultrasmall ternary oxide nanoparticles (NPs), NiCo2O4. Through this approach, ultrasmall (5 nm on average) and well‐dispersed NiCo2O4 NPs without exotic ligands are obtained, which enables the formation of uniform and pin‐hole free films. The tightly covered NiCo2O4 films also facilitate the formation of large perovskite grains and thus reduce film defects. The results show that with the NiCo2O4 NPs as the hole transport layer (HTL), the perovskite solar cells reach a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.23% and a promising stability (maintained ≈90% PCE after 500 h light soaking). To the best of the author's knowledge, it is the first time that spinel NiCo2O4 NPs have been applied as hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells successfully. This work not only demonstrates the potential applications of ternary oxide NiCo2O4 as HTLs in hybrid perovskite solar cells but also provides an insight into the design and synthesis of ultrasmall and ligand‐free NPs HTLs to enable cost‐effective photovoltaic devices.
Transition Metal Sulfides Based on Graphene for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Geng Pengbiao , Zheng Shasha , Tang Hao , Zhu Rongmei , Zhang Li , Cao Shuai , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTransition metal sulfides, as an important class of inorganics, can be used as excellent electrode materials for various types of electrochemical energy storage, such as lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and others. Recent works have identified that mixing graphene or graphene derivatives with transition metal sulfides can result in novel composites with better electrochemical performance. This review summarizes the latest advances in transition metal sulfide composites with graphene or graphene derivatives. The synthetic strategies and morphologies of these composites are introduced. The authors then discuss their applications in lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Finally, the authors give their personal viewpoints about the challenges and opportunities for the future development about this direction.
Device Characteristics of an 11.4% CZTSe Solar Cell Fabricated from Sputtered Precursors
Authors: Taskesen Teoman , Neerken Janet , Schoneberg Johannes , Pareek Devendra , Steininger Vincent , Parisi Jürgen , Gütay Levent 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKesterite is an attractive material for absorber layers in thin film photovoltaics. Solar cells based on kesterite have shown a substantial progress over the last decade; nevertheless, further improvements in device efficiency are pending due to the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit (i.e., difference between the maximum V oc that can be achieved according to Shockley–Queisser limit and actual V oc from the device). In this study, the optoelectronic properties of the author's internal record Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cell, which shows a power conversion efficiency of 11.4%, are presented. The device measurements reveal a Voc deficit of 337 mV, which is one of the lowest V oc deficits in the literature. Moreover, an unusual behavior for kesterite is observed: (i) photon energy of the photoluminescence emission and (ii) the extrapolated V oc for 0 K are both matching the band gap region of the absorber. These results indicate a significant improvement in the recombination characteristics and absorber quality in comparison to other kesterite devices in literature.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Di‐ and Trinitromethyl‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles and Salts
Authors: Hermann Tobias S. , Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe syntheses of 3‐trinitromethyl‐(1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐one), its N‐methyl derivative, and 5‐methyl‐3‐trinitromethyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole are described. The synthetic strategy initially involved a ring‐closing step to afford the oxadiazole acetic acid ethyl esters. The saponification of these compounds led to the formation of the acetic acid derivatives, which were nitrated in a mixture of acids to yield the trinitromethyl derivatives. The three energetic compounds showed good detonation performance [detonation velocity (VDet): 8779–8804 m s−1] as well as good specific impulses (Is: 244–262 s). Furthermore, by starting from the 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ethyl esters, we were able to prepare the potassium, barium, and ammonium salts of various dinitromethyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles. All compounds were comprehensively characterized by vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman), NMR spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA), elemental analysis, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction.