bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administering Spiritual Assessments with Refugees: An Overview of Conceptually Distinct Assessment Options
Authors: Hodge David R 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The global refugee population has increased dramatically over the last decade, suggesting helping professionals will increasingly encounter refugees in diverse practice settings. Despite the central role spirituality plays in the lives of many refugees, the extant research suggests most practitioners have received minimal training in addressing this critical topic. To assist helping professionals provide effective and ethical services to the culturally unique refugee population, this article conceptualizes assessment as a two-stage process in which a brief assessment is universally administered to help legitimize spirituality in practice settings followed, if clinically warranted, by a comprehensive assessment. Five conceptually distinct comprehensive assessment approaches are discussed along with their respective strengths and limitations: spiritual histories—a completely verbally based approach—and four diagrammatic models: spiritual lifemaps, genograms, eco-maps and ecograms. Developing familiarity with a variety of comprehensive approaches equips practitioners to select the approach that best fits the interests and needs of both refugees and practitioners. Engaging refugees in this manner assists practitioners to optimize services by identifying spiritual resources that can be leveraged to solve problems and eliminate barriers to effective service provision.
Growing a ‘cosmic beast’: observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745
Authors: Jauzac M , Eckert D , Schaller M , Schwinn J , Massey R , Bahé Y , Baugh C , Barnes D , Dalla Vecchia C , Ebeling H , Harvey D , Jullo E , Kay S T , Kneib J-P , Limousin M , Medezinski E , Natarajan P , Nonino M , Robertson A , Tam S I , Umetsu K 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe present a gravitational lensing and X-ray analysis of a massive galaxy cluster and its surroundings. The core of MACS J0717.5+3745 ($M(R\lt 1\, {\rm Mpc})\sim$ $2 \times 10^{15}\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, $z$ = 0.54) is already known to contain four merging components. We show that this is surrounded by at least seven additional substructures with masses ranging $3.8{-}6.5\times 10^{13}\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, at projected radii 1.6–4.9 Mpc. We compare MACS J0717 to mock lensing and X-ray observations of similarly rich clusters in cosmological simulations. The low gas fraction of substructures predicted by simulations turns out to match our observed values of 1–$4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. Comparing our data to three similar simulated haloes, we infer a typical growth rate and substructure infall velocity. That suggests MACS J0717 could evolve into a system similar to, but more massive than, Abell 2744 by $z$ = 0.31, and into a ∼ $10^{16}\, \, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ supercluster by $z$ = 0. The radial distribution of infalling substructure suggests that merger events are strongly episodic; however, we find that the smooth accretion of surrounding material remains the main source of mass growth even for such massive clusters.
Merits and caveats of propensity scores to adjust for confounding
Authors: Fu Edouard L , Groenwold Rolf H H , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J , van Diepen Merel , Dekker Friedo W 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProper adjustment for confounding is essential when estimating the effects of treatments or risk factors on health outcomes in observational data. To this end, various statistical methods have been developed. In the past couple of years, the use of propensity scores (PSs) to control for confounding has increased. Proper understanding of this method is necessary to critically appraise research in which it is applied. In this article, we provide an overview of PS methods, explaining their concept, advantages and possible disadvantages. Furthermore, the use of PS matching, PS adjustment and PS weighting is illustrated using data from the Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD) cohort of dialysis patients.
Afghanistan Particulate Matter Enhances Pro-Inflammatory Responses in IL-13-Exposed Human Airway Epithelium via TLR2 Signaling
Authors: Berman Reena , Downey Gregory P , Dakhama Azzeddine , Day Brian J , Chu Hong Wei 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Since the start of Afghanistan combat operations in 2001, there has been an increase in complaints of respiratory illnesses in deployed soldiers with no previous history of lung disorders. It is postulated that deployment-related respiratory illnesses are the result of inhalation of desert particulate matter (PM) potentially acting in combination with exposure to other pro-inflammatory compounds. Why some, but not all, soldiers develop respiratory diseases remains unclear. Our goal was to investigate if human airway epithelial cells primed with IL-13, a type 2 inflammatory cytokine, demonstrate stronger pro-inflammatory responses to Afghanistan desert PM (APM). Primary human brushed bronchial epithelial cells from non-deployed, healthy subjects were exposed to APM, both with and without IL-13 pretreatment. APM exposure in conjunction with IL-13 resulted in significantly increased expression of IL-8, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation. Furthermore, expression of TLR2 mRNA was increased after combined IL-13 and APM exposure. siRNA-mediated TLR2 knockdown dampened IL-8 production after exposure to APM with IL-13. APM with IL-13 treatment increased IRAK-1 (a downstream signaling molecule of TLR2 signaling) activation, while IRAK-1 knockdown effectively eliminated the IL-8 response to APM and IL-13. Our data suggest that APM exposure may promote neutrophilic inflammation in airways with a type 2 cytokine milieu.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION AND RETINAL OR SUBRETINAL HEMORRHAGE IN THE COMPARISON OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENT TRIALS
Authors: Song Delu , Ying Gui-Shuang , Dunaief Joshua L. , Bhuyan Rupak , Li Yafeng , Maguire Maureen G. , Grunwald Juan E. , Daniel Ebenezer , Hagstrom Stephanie , Martin Daniel F. ,   the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatment Trial Research Group
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
Because patients often take iron supplements without medical indication, and iron can accumulate in vascular endothelial cells, the authors evaluated the association of oral iron supplementation with retinal/subretinal hemorrhage in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
A post hoc secondary data analysis of comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials was performed. Participants were interviewed for use of oral iron supplements. Trained readers evaluated retinal/subretinal hemorrhage in baseline fundus photographs. Adjusted odds ratios from multivariate logistic regression models assessed the association between iron use and baseline hemorrhage adjusted by age, sex, smoking, hypertension, anemia, and use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs.

Results:
Among 1,165 participants, baseline retinal/subretinal hemorrhage was present in the study eye in 71% of 181 iron users and in 61% of 984 participants without iron use (adjusted odds ratio = 1.47, P = 0.04), and the association was dose dependent (adjusted linear trend P = 0.048). Iron use was associated with hemorrhage in participants with hypertension (adjusted odds ratio = 1.87, P = 0.006) but not without hypertension. The association of iron use with hemorrhage remained significant among hypertensive participants without anemia (adjusted odds ratio = 1.85, P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Among participants of comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials, the use of oral iron supplements was associated with retinal/subretinal hemorrhage in a dose–response manner. Unindicated iron supplementation may be detrimental in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration.
Inadequate Communication Exacerbates the Support Needs of Current and Bereaved Caregivers in Advanced Heart Failure and Impedes Shared Decision-making
Authors: Fitzsimons Donna , Doherty Leanne C. , Murphy Mary , Dixon Lana , Donnelly Patrick , McDonald Kenneth , McIlfatrick Sonja 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Clinicians face considerable challenges in identifying patients with advanced heart failure who experience significant symptom burden at the end of life. Often, these patients are cared for in the community by a loved one who has limited access to support from specialist services, including palliative care.

Aim:
The aims of this study were to explore caregivers' experience when caring for a loved one with advanced heart failure at the end of life and to identify any unmet psychosocial needs.

Methods:
This article reports findings of a qualitative study, using semistructured, one-to-one interviews with current and bereaved caregivers, who participated in a larger mixed-methods study. Interviews were conducted by a trained researcher, digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and imported to NVivo 11 for data management and coding. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and an inductive approach.

Results:
The 30 interviews included 20 current caregivers and 10 bereaved caregivers. The central feature of the caregivers' experience was identified as being “a physical and emotional rollercoaster.” There were 3 main themes identified: poor communication, living with uncertainty, and lack of service provision. These themes were supported by 6 subthemes: inadequate understanding of palliative care, a 24/7 physical burden, emotional burden, inability to plan, no care continuity, and dying lonely and unsupported.

Conclusions:
Caregivers in advanced heart failure need clearer communication regarding diagnosis and prognosis of their loved one's condition to help with the uncertainty of their situation. Improved identification of palliative care needs and more coordinated service provision are urgently required to address their physical and emotional challenges from diagnosis through bereavement.
Acute Biliary Pancreatitis is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in the Elderly
Authors: Patel Kishan , Li Feng , Luthra Anjuli , Hinton Alice , Lara Luis , Groce Royce , Hosmer Amy , McCarthy Sean T. , Strobel Sebastian , Conwell Darwin L. , Krishna Somashekar G. 
Published: August 2018

Goals and Background:
In the elderly (age, 65 y or older), acute pancreatitis is most frequently because of gallstones; however, there is a paucity of national estimates evaluating outcomes of acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). Hence, we utilized a representative population database to evaluate the outcomes of ABP among the elderly.

Study:
The National Readmission Database provides longitudinal follow-up of inpatients for 1 calendar-year. All adult inpatients (18 y or older) with an index primary admission for ABP between 2011 and 2014 were evaluated for clinical outcomes of mortality, severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and 30-day readmission. Outcomes between age groups (≥65 vs. <65 y) were compared using multivariate and one-to-one propensity score–matched analyses.

Results:
Among 184,763 ABP admissions, 41% were elderly. Index mortality and SAP rates in the elderly were 1.96% and 21.5%, respectively. Elderly patients underwent more ERCPs (27.5% vs. 23.6%; P<0.001) and less frequent cholecystectomies (44.4% vs. 58.7%; P<0.001). Elderly patients had increased odds of mortality and SAP along with an age-dependent increase in the odds of adverse outcomes; patients aged 85 years or older demonstrated the highest odds of SAP [odds ratio (OR), 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 1.4] and mortality (OR, 2.2; 95% CI: 1.7, 2.9) within in the elderly cohort. Propensity score–matched analysis substantiated that mortality (OR, 2.8; 95% CI: 2.2, 3.5) and SAP (OR, 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.3) were increased in the elderly.

Conclusions:
Current national survey reveals adverse clinical outcomes among elderly patients hospitalized with ABP. Consequently, there is a need for effective management strategies for this demographic as the aging population is increasing nationally.
The Ethical and Professional Use of Social Media in Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bennett Katelyn G. , Berlin Nicholas L. , MacEachern Mark P. , Buchman Steven R. , Preminger B. Aviva , Vercler Christian J. 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
Although certain medical societies have released guidelines on the use of social media, plastic surgery, with its inherent visual nature and potential for sensationalism, could benefit from increasing direction regarding the ethical use of social media. The authors hypothesized that although general platitudes for use exist in the literature, guidelines articulating the boundaries of professional use are nonspecific. Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase.com, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were completed on January 18, 2017. Searches consisted of a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and title and abstract keywords for social media and professionalism concepts. In addition, the authors manually searched the three highest impact plastic surgery journals (ending in October of 2017). Two authors screened all titles and abstracts. Studies related to clinical medicine, patient care, and the physician-patient relationship were included for full-text review. Articles related to surgery merited final inclusion. The initial search strategy yielded 954 articles, with 28 selected for inclusion after final review. The authors’ manual search yielded nine articles. Of the articles from the search strategy, 10 were published in the urology literature, eight were published in general surgery, six were published in plastic surgery, three were published in orthopedic surgery, and one was published in vascular surgery. Key ethical themes emerged across specialties, although practical recommendations for professional social media behavior were notably absent. In conclusion, social media continue to be a domain with potential professional pitfalls. Appropriate use of social media must extend beyond obtaining consent, and plastic surgeons must adhere to a standard of professionalism far surpassing that of today’s media culture.
Large Forehead Mass Resulting From Chronic Head Banging
Authors: Ovadia Steven A. , Gonzalez Daniel , Thaller Seth R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Head banging is a commonly observed movement disorder which is typically self-limited. Complications secondary to this behavior are rare. In this report, the authors present the case of a 15-year-old patient who was treated for a forehead mass which developed secondary to chronic head banging. Surgical excision was performed for treatment of the lesion. Results from surgical pathology were notable for fibrosis consistent with history of chronic head banging. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and physical examination were also consistent with this diagnosis. This is a rare clinical entity that should be considered in patients presenting with a forehead mass and a history of head banging.
Frontal Bone Fracture Patterns Suggesting Involvement of Optic Canal Damage
Authors: Imajo Koji , Nagasao Tomohisa , Aizezi Niyazi , Morotomi Tadaaki , Tamai Motoki , Miyake Minoru 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
Fracture of the frontal bone can be accompanied by damage to the optic canal. The present study uses finite element analysis to identify fracture patterns, suggesting the involvement of the optic canal.

Methods:
Ten finite-element skull models were generated from computer tomography data of 10 persons. Then, dynamic analyses simulating collision of a 2-cm-radius brass ball to 6 regions on the frontal bone in the 10 models were performed. Fracture patterns presented by the frontal bone in the 60 experiments were observed, and all those involving the optic canal were selected. Commonalities of the selected fracture patterns were identified.

Results:
Fracture of the optic canal was observed in 9 of the 60 patients. In all 9 patients, fracture existed on the anterior and posterior walls of the frontal sinus and on the superior orbital wall.

Conclusion:
When the anterior and posterior walls of the frontal sinus and the superior orbital wall are all broken, the optic canal is highly likely to be involved in the damage. When this pattern is observed in emergency examination, preventive decompression of the optic nerve should be considered to avoid potential occurrence of blindness.
Proteomics-based comparative mapping of the human brown and white adipocyte secretome reveals EPDR1 as a novel batokine
Authors: Deshmukh Atul S. , Peijs Lone , Nielsen Søren , Bayarri-Olmos Rafael , Larsen Therese J. , Jespersen Naja Z. , Hattel Helle , Holst Birgitte , Garred Peter , Tang-Christensen Mads , Sanfridson Annika , Gerhart-Hines Zachary , Pedersen Bente K. , Mann Matthias , Scheele Camilla 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYSecreted proteins from adipose tissue play a role in metabolic cross-talk and homeostasis. We performed high sensitivity mass spectrometry-based proteomics on the cell media of in vitro differentiated, non-immortalized brown adipocytes derived from supraclavicular adipose of adult humans and white adipocytes derived from subcutaneous adipose of adult humans. We identified 471 potentially secreted proteins covering interesting protein categories such as hormones, growth factors, growth factor binding proteins, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and proteins of the complement system, which were differentially regulated in brown and white adipocytes. A total of 101 proteins were exclusively quantified in brown adipocytes, among these ependymin-related protein 1 (EPDR1). Ablation of EPDR1 impaired the induction of thermogenic transcripts in response to norepinephrine in brown adipocytes, while EPDR1-treated mice increased their energy consumption, suggesting a role in brown fat commitment and activation. Our work reveals substantial differences between the secretomes of brown and white human adipocytes and identifies novel candidate batokines.
General aspects of visceral leishmaniasis with or without HIV co-infection in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Silva de Lima Uiara Regina , Vanolli Luciano , Moraes Elizabeth Coelho , Ithamar Jorim Severino , Silva de Azevedo e Conceição de Maria Pedrozo e 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection was reported in Spain first in 1985, and coincidence of these diseases has also been confirmed in more than 35 countries.MethodologyWe performed a comparative study in the state’s reference hospital for infectious/parasitic diseases, which treats adults with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), between January 2007 and July 2017. The data obtained using this protocol were analyzed using SPSS.Principal findingsIn total, 163 patients were evaluated in this study, including 126 patients with coincident VL/HIV and 37 patients with VL alone. Both groups consisted primarily of male patients. The most commonly affected age group was 30–39 years (p < 0.001). Fever (p < 0.001) and hair loss (p = 0.007), which were more common in patients with VL alone, were more common. On hemogram, segmented neutrophils (p < 0.0001) were found to be more in the VL/HIV group than in the VL alone group. Additionally, AST and ALT levels differed between the groups (p < 0.001). On average, HIV was diagnosed 2.6 years before VL (p < 0.001). VL relapse was observed only in the co-infection group (36.5% of cases). Fever (β = +0.17; p = 0.032) in the first VL/HIV episode was identified as a risk factor for relapse (R2 = 0.18). The death rate of co-infected patients was 11.1%.Conclusion/SignificanceVL/HIV was prevalent among young adults, whereas the median patient age was higher in the VL group. The classic symptomatology of VL was more common in patients not co-infected with HIV, but attention is needed regarding the presence of fever in the first episode of VL as a risk factor for relapse in co-infected patients. No cases of VL relapse occurred in patients without HIV.AUTHOR SUMMARYVisceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and HIV have maintained increasing rates of populational occurrence in the Northeast region of Brazil, with advancing in rural areas and VL advancing in urban areas. This dynamic explains the increase of co-infection from 0.7% in 2001 to 8.5% in 2012. The state of Maranhão presents a large number of cases in the Northeast Brazil, a region with the majority of patients with this co-infection. The severity presented by these patients, in the observation of frequent relapses and high lethality, is presented in this study, which contributes to epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, and evolutionary knowledge, trying to demonstrate these in the statistical data. Therefore, it should be pointed out that young adult patients with HIV/AIDS who present with any cytopenia, with or without hepatosplenomegaly and accompanied by fever or not, must be investigated for VL.
Levels of outpatient prescribing for four major antibiotic classes and rates of septicemia hospitalization in adults in different US states
Authors: Goldstein E. , Olesen S. , Karaca Z. , Steiner C. , Viboud C. , Lipsitch M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundRates of sepsis/septicemia hospitalization in the US have risen significantly during recent years, and antibiotic resistance and use may contribute to those rates through various mechanisms.MethodsWe used multivariable linear regression to relate state-specific rates of outpatient prescribing overall for fluoroquinolones, penicillins, macrolides, and cephalosporins between 2011-2012 to state-specific rates of hospitalization with septicemia (ICD-9 codes 038.xx present anywhere on discharge diagnosis) in each of the following age groups of adults: (18-49y, 50-64y, 65-74y, 75-84y, 85+y) reported to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) between 2011-2012, adjusting for additional covariates, and random effects associated with the ten US Health and Human Services (HHS) regions.ResultsRates of penicillin prescribing were positively associated with septicemia hospitalization rates in the analyses for persons aged 50-64y, 65-74y, and 74-84y. Percent African Americans in a given age group was positively associated with septicemia hospitalization rates in the analyses for persons aged 75-84y and over 85y. Average minimal daily temperature was positively associated with septicemia hospitalization rates in the analyses for persons aged 18-49y, 50-64y, 75-84y and over 85y.ConclusionsOur results suggest positive associations between the rates of prescribing for penicillins and the rates of sepsis hospitalization in US adults aged 50-84y. Further studies are needed to understand the potential effect of antibiotic replacement in the treatment of various syndromes, such as replacement of fluoroquinolones by other antibiotics, possibly penicillins following the recent US FDA guidelines on restriction of fluoroquinolone use, on the rates of sepsis hospitalization.