bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miRTarBase 2025: updates to the collection of experimentally validated microRNA–target interactions
Authors: Cui Shidong , Yu Sicong , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Lin Yang-Chi-Dung , Huang Yixian , Zhang Bojian , Xiao Jihan , Zuo Huali , Wang Jiayi , Li Zhuoran , Li Guanghao , Ma Jiajun , Chen Baiming , Zhang Haoxuan , Fu Jiehui , Wang Liang , Huang Hsien-Da 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18–26 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by interacting with target mRNAs, affecting various physiological and pathological processes. miRTarBase, a database of experimentally validated miRNA–target interactions (MTIs), now features over 3 817 550 validated MTIs from 13 690 articles, significantly expanding its previous version. The updated database includes miRNA interactions with therapeutic agents, revealing roles in drug resistance and therapeutic strategies. It also highlights miRNAs as predictive, safety and monitoring biomarkers for toxicity assessment, clinical treatment guidance and therapeutic optimization. The expansion of miRNA–mRNA and miRNA–miRNA networks allows the identification of key regulatory genes and co-regulatory miRNAs, providing deeper insights into miRNA functions and critical target genes. Information on oxidized miRNA sequences has been added, shedding light on how oxidative modifications influence miRNA targeting and regulation. The integration of the LLAMA3 model into the NLP pipeline, alongside prompt engineering, enables the efficient identification of MTIs and miRNA–disease associations without large training datasets. An updated data integration and a redesigned user interface enhance accessibility, reinforcing miRTarBase as an essential resource for molecular oncology, drug development and related fields. The updated miRTarBase is available at https://mirtarbase.cuhk.edu.cn/∼miRTarBase/miRTarBase_2025.
miRStart 2.0: enhancing miRNA regulatory insights through deep learning-based TSS identification
Authors: Xu Jiatong , Wan Jingting , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Chen Yigang , Huang Yixian , Huang Junyang , Zhang Ziyue , Su Chang , Zhou Yuming , Lin Xingqiao , Lin Yang-Chi-Dung , Huang Hsien-Da 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′-untranslated regions of target mRNAs, influencing various biological processes at the post-transcriptional level. Identifying miRNA transcription start sites (TSSs) and transcription factors’ (TFs) regulatory roles is crucial for elucidating miRNA function and transcriptional regulation. miRStart 2.0 integrates over 4500 high-throughput datasets across five data types, utilizing a multi-modal approach to annotate 28 828 putative TSSs for 1745 human and 1181 mouse miRNAs, supported by sequencing-based signals. Over 6 million tissue-specific TF–miRNA interactions, integrated from ChIP-seq data, are supplemented by DNase hypersensitivity and UCSC conservation data, with network visualizations. Our deep learning-based model outperforms existing tools in miRNA TSS prediction, achieving the most overlaps with both cell-specific and non-cell-specific validated TSSs. The user-friendly web interface and visualization tools make miRStart 2.0 easily accessible to researchers, enabling efficient identification of miRNA upstream regulatory elements in relation to their TSSs. This updated database provides systems-level insights into gene regulation and disease mechanisms, offering a valuable resource for translational research, facilitating the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and precision medicine strategies. miRStart 2.0 is now accessible at https://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/∼miRStart2.
LTBK-07. PROGRESSION-FREE AND OVERALL SURVIVAL RESULTS OF ECOG-ACRIN E3F05: A PHASE 3 INTERGROUP TRIAL OF RADIATION ± TEMOZOLOMIDE FOR GRADE II GLIOMAS
Authors: Schiff David , O'Neill Anne , Brown Paul , Mehta Minesh , Giannini Caterina , Jenkins Robert , Suh John , Youssef Emad , Uhm Joon , Giglio Pierre , Cavaliere Robert , Moots Paul , Ashby Lynn , Kleinberg Lawrence 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Both radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) have meaningful single-modality anti-tumor activity against low-grade gliomas. ECOG-ACRIN E3F05 tested whether combined therapy with radiation and temozolomide is more effective than radiation alone in patients with grade II gliomas.

METHODS
Patients with grade II gliomas (central pathology review performed post hoc), no prior radiation/chemotherapy, and either age &gt; 40, uncontrolled symptoms/seizures, or progression after initial observation were randomized 1:1 to radiation 50.4 Gy alone in 28 fractions (Arm A) versus radiation 50.4 Gy with concomitant and 12 four-week cycles of post-radiation TMZ (Arm B). Randomization was stratified by 1p/19q codeletion status, age, KPS, pre-operative tumor diameter, and contrast enhancement. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); overall survival (OS), quality of life, cognition, severe toxicities, and impact of codeletion status were secondary objectives.

RESULTS
The trial opened 1/09. Accrual was stopped in 1/14 after RTOG 9802 reported benefit from the addition of PCV chemotherapy to radiation in grade II gliomas. A total of 172 subjects were enrolled. Median age was 44 (range 19-78) and 54% male. 1p/19q codeletion was present in 44%. NCI CTCAE (version 4) grade 3+ toxicity was more common in participants treated with TMZ: thrombocytopenia (11%) and neutropenia (5%) versus none in the radiation alone arm. With a median follow-up of 117 months, OS was superior in Arm B (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.95, stratified log-rank p value 0.03). OS HRs were 0.56 and 0.53 for subjects with and without 1p/19q codeleted tumors, respectively. PFS did not differ between Arms A and B (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.44-1.28, p = 0.30). Five and ten-year OS were 78% and 70% in Arm B versus 70% and 47% in Arm A.

CONCLUSION
The addition of temozolomide to radiation improves overall survival in both co-deleted and non-co-deleted grade II gliomas.
AI for Tobacco Control: Identifying Tobacco-Promoting Social Media Content Using Large Language Models
Authors: Küçükali Hüseyin , Erdoğan Mehmet Sarper 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco companies use social media to bypass marketing restrictions. Studies show that exposure to tobacco promotion on social media influences subsequent smoking behavior, yet it is challenging to monitor such content. We developed an artificial intelligence that can automatically identify tobacco-promoting content on social media.

Aims and Methods
In this mixed methods study, 177,684 tobacco-related tweets published on Twitter in Turkish were collected. Through inductive content analysis of a sample of 200 tweets, the main mechanisms by which tobacco is promoted on social media were identified. Then, a sample of 5000 tweets was deductively analyzed and labeled based on those mechanisms. A pre-trained transformer-based Large Language Model was fine-tuned using the labeled dataset. Then, tobacco promotion in all tweets was predicted using this model.

Results
The main mechanisms of tobacco promotion on social media included modeling the behavior, expressing positive attitudes, recommending use, and marketing brands or vendors. The developed model identified tobacco-promoting social media content with 87.8% recall and 81.1% precision. The utility of the model was demonstrated in the analysis of tobacco promotion in tweets for a period of a month.

Conclusions
This tool makes it possible to monitor tobacco promotion in social media and creates new opportunities for tobacco control policy and practice, not only in surveillance and enforcement but also in health promotion.

Implications
Tobacco promotion in social media is a well-known yet hard-to-addressed problem due to the nature of social media. This study leverages a cutting-edge AI approach, Large Language Models, to identify tobacco promotion in social media content automatically and precisely. The developed model offers better prediction performance than previously proposed techniques. The study enables surveillance of tobacco-promoting content both for research purposes and enforcement of tobacco control measures. Furthermore, we suggest a range of health promotion opportunities this tool can help with from developing personal skills to creating supportive environments and strengthening community actions.
Examining the Relationship Between Racial, Ethnic, and Economic Residential Segregation and Cigarette Smoking Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adults
Authors: Rose Shyanika W , Rayens Mary Kay , Azadi Mona , Kierstead Elexis C , Kong Amanda Y , Horn Kimberly 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Predominantly Black, Hispanic or Latino, and lower-income communities are overexposed to tobacco. This study investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and racial/ethnic and economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE).

Aims and Methods
A nationally representative sample of 4091 (aged 18–34 years) was surveyed between September and October 2016. We calculated census-tract population estimates to form ICE measures for ethnicity, race, income, ethnicity and income, and race and income. Quintiles were determined, with Quintile 1 (Q1) representing the most Hispanic/Latino, Black, and lowest-income neighborhoods and Q5 representing the most non-Hispanic/Latino, White, and highest-income neighborhoods. State fixed effects logistic regression models, weighted for national representativeness, assessed the relationship between ICE measures and past 30-day cigarette use, controlling for individual smoking correlates (eg, income, race/ethnicity, tobacco use).

Results
For racial/ethnic segregation alone, individuals in neighborhoods with the highest proportions of Hispanic/Latino versus non-Hispanic/Latino (Q5 vs. Q1–Q4 range 1.47–1.79) and Black versus White residents had higher smoking risk (Q5 vs. Q1 [1.41] and Q2 [1.40]). For economic segregation, individuals in Q2 and Q3 neighborhoods had higher smoking risk than those in Q5 (Q5 vs. Q2 [1.60] and Q3 [1.73]), but smoking risk did not differ between Q1 and Q5.

Conclusions
In this sample, living in areas with the most Hispanic/Latino and Black residents was associated with the highest smoking risk, while living in areas with highest-income residents was associated with lowest smoking risk, even controlling for individual factors. Understanding the impact of ethnic, racial, and economic segregation on smoking behaviors informs targeted interventions to reduce tobacco overexposure.

Implications
The study’s findings highlight the association between neighborhood socioeconomic factors and cigarette smoking. Racial and ethnic segregation is associated with higher smoking rates. The combined influence of racial, ethnic, and economic factors adds intricacy to the association between segregation and the risk of smoking. This research is significant as it provides valuable insights for designing focused interventions aimed at mitigating tobacco overexposure in predominantly Black, Hispanic/Latino, and low-income neighborhoods.
Social defeat stress induces an anxiety-like outcome in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Rodriguez Minerva , Themann Anapaula , Calvo Daniel E , Garcia Jessica A , Lira Omar , Garcia-Carachure Israel , Iñiguez Sergio D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anxiety-related illnesses constitute one of the leading causes of disability across the globe. Consequently, the need for validated preclinical models to uncover the etiology of anxiety phenotypes remains essential. Given the link between social stress experience and the manifestation of anxiogenic-like outcomes, we evaluated whether social defeat stress (SDS) reduces open-space exploratory behavior in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Thus, we exposed adult sexually-naïve male voles to 10 consecutive days of SDS episodes and evaluated responses to the anxiogenic environment of the light/dark box test or the elevated plus-maze, 24 hours later. We found that, when compared to non-stressed controls, SDS-exposed voles displayed longer latency to enter the light compartment of the light/dark box. Similarly, on the elevated plus-maze, SDS-exposed voles displayed decreases in the number of entries into the open arms, while spending more time in the closed arms of the maze. No differences in locomotor activity were noted between the experimental groups. Collectively, these data indicate that chronic SDS exposure induces anxiety-like responses in adult male prairie voles, thus, providing a preclinical model for the study of social stress-induced anxiogenic phenotypes.
How do judges judge racialized economic impact?
Authors: Atrey Shreya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article asks how UK judges examine racialized economic impact. It aims to identify the standards that are applied in judicial reasoning and the results that follow in terms of addressing racial discrimination and in particular indirect discrimination which has a disproportionate impact on racialized groups. The main hypothesis is that while, as Arden LJ confirmed in Elias that economic matters are justiciable, and that racial discrimination attracts a high level of judicial scrutiny, curiously, together, when it comes to judging racialized economic impact, the standard of scrutiny wanes. Judges seem to accord an inordinately and inexplicably high level of deference to decision-makers in the economic context. The article thus shows that material concerns in racial discrimination are perhaps treated triflingly within UK equality law but that this appears to be no different, say, for sex discrimination, showing a general neglect of material conditions in equality law broadly.
Affirmative action in Brazil: global lessons on racial justice and the fight to reduce social inequality
Authors: Francis-Tan Andrew , Tannuri-Pianto Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Public policies intended to promote educational equity are common around the world. This paper examines Brazil’s experience with affirmative action (AA) in higher education, which holds lessons for other countries. In what follows, we describe the social and historical context, investigate trends in racial inequality, and review the literature on AA. To summarize, nationally representative data show that racial inequality in education has decreased since the early 2000s. AA emerged in the period after the transition from dictatorship to democracy had allowed political mobilization to flourish. AA dramatically increased the enrolment of disadvantaged groups in college. Students admitted through AA typically had academic outcomes comparable to other students, and some, though not all, enjoyed sizeable labour market gains. AA also influenced patterns of racial identification. However, the evidence on pre-college human capital is mixed.
Racial health disparities in the United States
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Ianni Katherine , Peterson Graeme 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Disparities between Black and White Americans in health care coverage and health outcomes are pervasive in the United States. In this paper, we describe the evolution of the market-based approach to health insurance and health care delivery in the United States and its implications for racial disparities. First, we discuss the history of the United States’ predominantly private health insurance system. Second, we illustrate the persistence and pervasiveness of disparities through three present-day epidemics: maternal mortality, opioid use, and Covid-19. Through the epidemic case studies, we highlight the systemic roots of racial inequality in health care. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of potential policy approaches for reducing disparities in the health care system.
Exploring the pathophysiology of restless leg syndrome: focus on white matter structure and function
Authors: Wang Zairan , Li Zhimin , Wang Jingjing , Gao Jun , Li Yongning 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, with pathogenesis involving genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Recent advancements in imaging techniques have provided valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of RLS.

Objective
To synthesize recent research on white matter fiber alterations in RLS and their role in disease pathology.

Materials and Methods
This review synthesized recent research on RLS, focusing on neuroimaging findings, particularly white matter fiber alterations, and their implications for disease mechanisms. Studies involving structural and functional MRI were analyzed.

Results
Imaging studies suggested that RLS was associated with white matter integrity changes, affecting areas linked to sensory and motor control. These alterations may reflect disruptions in central nervous system pathways regulating movement.

Conclusion
White matter changes provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of RLS, enhancing our understanding of the disorder and potentially guiding future therapeutic strategies.
An introduction to anatomical pathology
Authors: Hywood Jack D , Yin Albert H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Our experience in the Australian context is that medical students and clinicians receive minimal exposure to anatomical pathology throughout the course of their training. In this paper, we bring this topic to light by describing the process of converting an intact specimen into glass slides for microscopic analysis. We also explain how a pathological report is composed, along with brief discussions about ancillary tests, such as immunohistochemistry, special stains, and molecular testing. Our main goal is to familiarize clinicians with anatomical pathology in order to improve communication between clinicians and pathologists, as well as improve the quality of testing and patient care.
The Promise of Text, Audio, and Video Data for the Study of US Local Politics and Federalism
Authors: Barari Soubhik , Simko Tyler 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A large-scale study of US local policymaking has long been hindered by a lack of centralized data sources. Our own project, LocalView, supplements data collection efforts by creating the largest existing database of local government meeting transcripts, audio, and video yet released. In this article, we describe promises, implications, and best practices for using nontabular sources of meeting data in the study of federalism. Throughout, we argue that these new sources of data allow scholars to ask new kinds of research questions. We demonstrate this potential with an empirical application focused on the use of national partisan language in local government meetings. We find that nationally salient partisan phrases are common in local policymaking discussions (especially in large cities), although prominent national terms vary drastically in how often they are used at the local level. Finally, the slant of partisan language (i.e., the amount of partisan language that is identifiably Democratic or Republican) across local governments is correlated with local partisan preferences.
A microenvironment-adaptive GelMA-ODex@RRHD hydrogel for responsive release of H2S in promoted chronic diabetic wound repair
Authors: Yuan Zhixian , Zhang Wei , Wang Chang , Zhang Chuwei , Hu Chao , Liu Lu , Xiang Lunli , Yao Shun , Shi Rong , Fan Dejiang , Ren Bibo , Luo Gaoxing , Deng Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds present significant treatment challenges due to their complex microenvironment, often leading to suboptimal healing outcomes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a crucial gaseous signaling molecule, has shown great potential in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling, which are essential for effective wound healing. However, conventional H2S delivery systems lack the adaptability required to meet the dynamic demands of different healing stages, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy. To address this, we developed an injectable, ROS-responsive H2S donor system integrated within a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel matrix, forming a double-network hydrogel (GelMA-ODex@RRHD). The injectability of this hydrogel allows for minimally invasive application, conforming closely to wound contours and ensuring uniform distribution. The incorporation of oxidatively modified dextran derivatives (ODex) not only preserves biocompatibility but also enables the chemical attachment of ROS-responsive H2S donors. The GelMA-ODex@RRHD hydrogel releases H2S in response to oxidative stress, optimizing the environment for cell growth, modulating macrophage polarization and supporting vascular regeneration. This innovative material effectively suppresses inflammation during the initial phase, promotes tissue regeneration in the proliferative phase and facilitates controlled matrix remodeling in later stages, ultimately enhancing wound closure and functional recovery. The H2S released by GelMA-ODex@RRHD not only expedited the process of wound healing but also improved the biomechanical characteristics of newborn skin in diabetic mice, particularly in terms of stiffness and elasticity. This enhancement resulted in the skin quality being more similar to normal skin during the wound healing process. By aligning therapeutic delivery with the natural healing process, this approach offers a promising pathway toward more effective and personalized treatments for chronic diabetic wounds.
War Discourse and Disaster Premium: 160 Years of Evidence from the Stock Market
Authors: Hirshleifer David , Mai Dat , Pukthuanthong Kuntara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using a semisupervised topic model on 7 million New York Times articles spanning 160 years, we test whether topics of media discourse predict future stock market excess returns to test rational and behavioral hypotheses about market valuation of disaster risk. Media discourse data address the challenge of sample size even when disasters are rare. Our methodology avoids look-ahead bias and addresses semantic shifts. Our discourse topics positively predicts market excess returns, with War having an out-of-sample $R^{2}$ of 1.35%. We call this effect the war return premium. The war return premium has increased in more recent time periods.
Why, with whom, and how to conduct interdisciplinary research? A review from a researcher’s perspective
Authors: Vladova Gergana , Haase Jennifer , Friesike Sascha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many complex problems and emerging phenomena require joint research efforts across academic disciplines. Interdisciplinary research (IDR) is therefore widely considered a promising approach to knowledge production. At the same time, however, this form of research poses significant challenges for those involved. In this paper, we review the literature on IDR from the perspective of individual researchers engaging in or considering this type of research. We conducted a broad literature review covering the past 35 years of research on IDR. The review is structured along four typical questions that researchers have regarding IDR: “Why bother?” (Reasons for considering IDR); “Is it for me?” (The profile of IDR researchers); “How do I work with ‘them’?” (Obstacles of interdisciplinary collaboration); “What am I getting myself into?” (Challenges for IDR researchers). We analyzed the literature so that we could distill answers to those questions. We conclude our paper by emphasizing the inherent ambiguities of interdisciplinary research and proposing a set of self-reflective questions to help navigate the complexities of this research approach.