bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time course of ongoing activity during neuritis and following axonal transport disruption
Authors: Satkeviciute Ieva , Goodwin George , Bove Geoffrey M. , Dilley Andrew 
Published: February 2018

Local nerve inflammation (neuritis) leads to ongoing activity and axonal mechanical sensitivity (AMS) along intact nociceptor axons and disrupts axonal transport. This phenomenon forms the most feasible cause of radiating pain, such as sciatica. We have previously shown that axonal transport disruption without inflammation or degeneration also leads to AMS but does not cause ongoing activity at the time point when AMS occurs, despite causing cutaneous hypersensitivity. However, there have been no systematic studies of ongoing activity during neuritis or noninflammatory axonal transport disruption. In this study, we present the time course of ongoing activity from primary sensory neurons following neuritis and vinblastine-induced axonal transport disruption. Whereas 24% of C/slow Aδ-fiber neurons had ongoing activity during neuritis, few (<10%) A- and C-fiber neurons showed ongoing activity 1–15 days following vinblastine treatment. In contrast, AMS increased transiently at the vinblastine treatment site, peaking on days 4–5 (28% of C/slow Aδ-fiber neurons) and resolved by day 15. Conduction velocities were slowed in all groups. In summary, the disruption of axonal transport without inflammation does not lead to ongoing activity in sensory neurons, including nociceptors, but does cause a rapid and transient development of AMS. Because it is proposed that AMS underlies mechanically induced radiating pain, and a transient disruption of axonal transport (as previously reported) leads to transient AMS, it follows that processes that disrupt axonal transport, such as neuritis, must persist to maintain AMS and the associated symptoms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many patients with radiating pain lack signs of nerve injury on clinical examination but may have neuritis, which disrupts axonal transport. We have shown that axonal transport disruption does not induce ongoing activity in primary sensory neurons but does cause transient axonal mechanical sensitivity. The present data complete a profile of key axonal sensitivities following axonal transport disruption. Collectively, this profile supports that an active peripheral process is necessary for maintained axonal sensitivities.
Genetic Mosaicism and Cancer: Cause and Effect
Authors: Lichtenstein Anatoly V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Increasing theoretical and experimental evidence suggests that the genomes of both normal and cancer cells are subject to continuous changes as a result of copying errors during replication, defects in chromosome segregation during mitosis, and direct chemical attacks by reactive oxygen species. The process of cellular genetic diversification begins during embryonic development and continues throughout life, leading to the phenomenon of somatic mosaicism. New information about the genetic diversity of cells composing the body makes us reconsider the existing concepts of cancer etiology and pathogenesis. Here, I suggest that a progressively deteriorating microenvironment (“soil”) generates the cancerous “seed” and favors its development. Cancer Res; 78(6); 1375–8. ©2018 AACR.
Quantitative Analysis of Immune Infiltrates in Primary Melanoma
Authors: Gartrell Robyn D. , Marks Douglas K. , Hart Thomas D. , Li Gen , Davari Danielle R. , Wu Alan , Blake Zoë , Lu Yan , Askin Kayleigh N. , Monod Anthea , Esancy Camden L. , Stack Edward C. , Jia Dan Tong , Armenta Paul M. , Fu Yichun , Izaki Daisuke , Taback Bret , Rabadan Raul , Kaufman Howard L. , Drake Charles G. , Horst Basil A. , Saenger Yvonne M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Novel methods to analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME) are urgently needed to stratify melanoma patients for adjuvant immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis, by conventional pathologic methods, is predictive but is insufficiently precise for clinical application. Quantitative multiplex immunofluorescence (qmIF) allows for evaluation of the TME using multiparameter phenotyping, tissue segmentation, and quantitative spatial analysis (qSA). Given that CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) promote antitumor immunity, whereas CD68+ macrophages impair immunity, we hypothesized that quantification and spatial analysis of macrophages and CTLs would correlate with clinical outcome. We applied qmIF to 104 primary stage II to III melanoma tumors and found that CTLs were closer in proximity to activated (CD68+HLA-DR+) macrophages than nonactivated (CD68+HLA-DR−) macrophages (P &lt; 0.0001). CTLs were further in proximity from proliferating SOX10+ melanoma cells than nonproliferating ones (P &lt; 0.0001). In 64 patients with known cause of death, we found that high CTL and low macrophage density in the stroma (P = 0.0038 and P = 0.0006, respectively) correlated with disease-specific survival (DSS), but the correlation was less significant for CTL and macrophage density in the tumor (P = 0.0147 and P = 0.0426, respectively). DSS correlation was strongest for stromal HLA-DR+ CTLs (P = 0.0005). CTL distance to HLA-DR− macrophages associated with poor DSS (P = 0.0016), whereas distance to Ki67− tumor cells associated inversely with DSS (P = 0.0006). A low CTL/macrophage ratio in the stroma conferred a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.719 for death from melanoma and correlated with shortened overall survival (OS) in the complete 104 patient cohort by Cox analysis (P = 0.009) and merits further development as a biomarker for clinical application. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 481–93. ©2018 AACR.
High‐Sensitivity Troponin I Levels and Coronary Artery Disease Severity, Progression, and Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Samman Tahhan Ayman , Sandesara Pratik , Hayek Salim S. , Hammadah Muhammad , Alkhoder Ayman , Kelli Heval M. , Topel Matthew , O'Neal Wesley T. , Ghasemzadeh Nima , Ko Yi‐An , Gafeer Mohamad Mazen , Abdelhadi Naser , Choudhary Fahad , Patel Keyur , Beshiri Agim , Murtagh Gillian , Kim Jonathan , Wilson Peter , Shaw Leslee , Vaccarino Viola , Epstein Stephen E. , Sperling Laurence , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: February 2018

Background

The associations between high‐sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and progression remain unclear. We investigated whether there is an association between hsTnI and angiographic severity and progression of
CAD
and whether the predictive value of hsTnI level for incident cardiovascular outcomes is independent of
CAD
severity.

Methods and Results

In 3087 patients (aged 63±12 years, 64% men) undergoing cardiac catheterization without evidence of acute myocardial infarction, the severity of
CAD
was calculated by the number of major coronary arteries with ≥50% stenosis and the Gensini score.
CAD
progression was assessed in a subset of 717 patients who had undergone ≥2 coronary angiograms >3 months before enrollment. Patients were followed up for incident all‐cause mortality and incident cardiovascular events. Of the total population, 11% had normal angiograms, 23% had nonobstructive
CAD
, 20% had 1‐vessel CAD, 20% had 2‐vessel CAD, and 26% had 3‐vessel
CAD
. After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus history, and renal function, hsTnI levels were independently associated with the severity of
CAD
measured by the Gensini score (log 2 ß=0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.44;
P
<0.001) and with
CAD
progression (log 2 ß=0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.58;
P
=0.001). hsTnI level was also a significant predictor of incident death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and cardiac hospitalizations, independent of the aforementioned covariates and
CAD
severity.

Conclusions

Higher hsTnI levels are associated with the underlying burden of coronary atherosclerosis, more rapid progression of
CAD
, and higher risk of all‐cause mortality and incident cardiovascular events. Whether more aggressive treatment aimed at reducing hsTnI levels can modulate disease progression requires further investigation.
The distributions of the six species constituting the smooth newt species complex (Lissotriton vulgaris sensu lato and L. montandoni) – an addition to the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe
Authors: Wielstra Ben , Canestrelli Daniele , Cvijanović Milena , Denoël Mathieu , Fijarczyk Anna , Jablonski Daniel , Liana Marcin , Naumov Borislav , Olgun Kurtuluş , Pabijan Maciej , Pezzarossa Alice , Popgeorgiev Georgi , Salvi Daniele , Si Yali , Sillero Neftalí , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos , Zieliński Piotr , Babik Wiesław 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The ‘smooth newt’, the taxon traditionally referred to as Lissotriton vulgaris, consists of multiple morphologically distinct taxa. Given the uncertainty concerning the validity and rank of these taxa, L. vulgaris sensu lato has often been treated as a single, polytypic species. A recent study, driven by genetic data, proposed to recognize five species, L. graecus, L. kosswigi, L. lantzi, L. schmidtleri and a more restricted L. vulgaris. The Carpathian newt L. montandoni was confirmed to be a closely related sister species. We propose to refer to this collective of six Lissotriton species as the smooth newt or Lissotriton vulgaris species complex. Guided by comprehensive genomic data from throughout the range of the smooth newt species complex we 1) delineate the distribution ranges, 2) provide a distribution database, and 3) produce distribution maps according to the format of the New Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles of Europe, for the six constituent species. This allows us to 4) highlight regions where more research is needed to determine the position of contact zones.
Exile and Identity Reconfiguration
Authors: Baicoianu Anca 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article tackles the experience of exile as described in Norman Manea’s fictional and non-fictional works. My analysis will focus on the relations between language and belonging, as well as on the role of history and memory in the process of identity reconfiguration. The main assumption of this essay is that the shift between reterritorialization and deterritorialization as conditions inflecting the writer’s sense of identity and belonging could provide useful suggestions for a broader investigation concerning the transformations having affected Romanian culture after 1989, while at the same time orienting the discussion towards similar current investigations in a global context.
Did Romania Move South?
Authors: Fotache Oana 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This essay tackles Romania’s geocultural position and its consequences for localizing Romanian literature in South-Eastern rather than Eastern Europe by comparing critically the implicit ideological dimension of three types of imaginary spatial narratives: the historian Nicolae Iorga’s (1871–1940), the folklorist and comparatist D. Caracostea’s (1879–1964), and the literary critic Mircea Muthu’s (b. 1944). I chose these three perspectives because they illustrate the way different disciplines looked at Romanian culture’s geographical and symbolical location on the European map during the 20th century. These three contributed to the perception of Romanian culture as part of a South-Eastern cultural heritage. Originating in these ideological representations, there is a parallel tradition in Romanian literature that configures also a Southern identity. More than just a side note to the Eastern European framework still dominant in literary studies, to rethink the location of Romanian literature as a South-Eastern European one means to imagine an alternative paradigm that has different political consequences for configuring a more complex geocultural identity.
The Battle of the Brands
Authors: Mihăilescu Călin-Andrei 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The international recognition of Romanian literature faces a double challenge: first, the limited circulation of the Romanian language; second, the small number of translations and the non-systematic branding that this literature has enjoyed so far. This article discusses (1) the meanings of “branding”; (2) the ways in which the nationalist imp keeps hindering the branding of Romanian literature abroad, and highlights the historical and contemporary shortcomings of the branding of Romanian literary texts and authors; and (3) the current state-of-affairs, followed by a scenario for future action. The last section suggests ways of improving this branding by piggybacking on the international success of Romanian cinema and on a few award-winning Romanian writers, but especially by attempting to help create a class of professional middle-persons (cultural managers, literary agents and advertising professionals) who would systematically promote Romanian literature.
Comments on “Langmuir Turbulence and Surface Heating in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer”
Authors: Noh Yign , Choi Yeonju 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing large-eddy simulations (LES) it is shown that the depth of a diurnal thermocline h should be scaled by the Zilitinkevich scale LZ, not by the Monin–Obukhov length scale LMO, contrary to the proposition by Pearson et al. Their argument to explain the slower increase of h than LMO using the effect of the preexisting thermocline is also invalid.
Evaluation of Accuracy of Chinese AMDAR Data for 2015
Authors: Ding Jinfeng , Zhuge Xiaoyong , Li Xin , Yuan Zipeng , Wang Yuan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo comparative studies have been performed to evaluate the accuracy of Chinese Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) weather reports. The comparison between AMDAR reports and radiosonde observations shows that the root-mean-square differences (RMSDs) in temperature, wind speed, and wind direction are 1.06°C, 1.95 m s−1, and 22°, respectively, within a spatial range of ≤20 km and a temporal window of ≤15 min. The comparison between AMDAR reports collected by different aircraft reveals that observation uncertainties in temperature, wind speed, and wind direction are 0.59°C, 0.90 m s−1, and 12°, respectively. The spatial and temporal representativeness as well as the environmental factors that may affect the evaluation results are also discussed in detail in the two comparative studies. The results of the present study provide valuable information on and high confidence in the application of Chinese AMDAR in numerical weather prediction models.
Investigating a theatre-based intervention for Indigenous youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Authors: Keightley Michelle , Agnihotri Sabrina , Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Gray Julia , Keresztesi Jennifer , Colantonio Angela , Polatajko Helene J. , Cameron Debra , Wiseman-Hakes Catherine 
Published: February 2018

Background. Theatre-based interventions use artistic media to facilitate social and emotional awareness and have therapeutic benefits for persons with developmental disabilities and mental health problems. The role of these interventions with Indigenous youth who have emotional, behavioural, and cognitive sequelae related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has not been explored. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and acceptability of a theatre-based approach for facilitating social communication and engagement in youth with FASD. Method. Participants were three Indigenous youth with FASD. A qualitative exploration of the experiences and acceptability of the intervention was conducted via focus groups held 2 weeks post–program participation with the participants, their caregivers, and program facilitators. The transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Findings. Our results identified perceived postintervention improvements in participants’ development of self-esteem, social skills, and emotional awareness. Implications. A theatre-based arts intervention has the potential to support improvements in social skills for youth with FASD.
Subacromial Local Anesthetics Do Not Interfere With Rotator Cuff Healing After Arthroscopic Repair
Authors: Rhee Sung-Min , Chung Nam Yun , Jeong Hyeon Jang , Oh Joo Han 
Published: February 2018

Background: Subacromial pain pumps are used for analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery. However, there is controversy about myotoxic or tendinotoxic effects of local anesthetics. Hypothesis: Ropivacaine administered via a subacromial pain pump would have no adverse effect on rotator cuff tendon healing, fatty degeneration, strength, or functional outcomes after arthroscopic repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study continues follow-up of patients enrolled in the authors’ 3 published prospective studies regarding pain control after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. In total, 118 patients who underwent rotator cuff repair and returned for evaluation at least 1 year postoperatively were divided into 3 groups: patients who received continuous subacromial ropivacaine infusion (group 1, n = 33), those who received patient-controlled subacromial ropivacaine infusion (group 2, n = 30), and those who received other pain control modalities (intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or interscalene block; group 3, n = 55). At least 1 year postoperatively, tendon healing and changes in global fatty degeneration index (GFDI) were estimated through computed tomographic arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography. Changes in isokinetic muscle performance test (IMPT) were calculated and functional outcomes evaluated, including visual analog scales (VASs) for pain and satisfaction, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and Constant score. Results: At final follow-up, there were no differences in pain VAS (group 1, 1.1 ± 2.3; group 2, 1.3 ± 1.9; group 3, 0.9 ± 1.7; P = .88), satisfaction VAS (group 1, 8.3 ± 2.4; group 2, 8.7 ± 1.5; group 3, 8.0 ± 2.1; P = .64), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (group 1, 79.5 ± 10.5; group 2, 81.1 ± 6.9; group 3, 75.7 ± 7.6; P = .34), or Constant score (group 1, 81.8 ± 8.7; group 2, 77.6 ± 9.3; group 3, 78.2 ± 8.4; P = .31). Among the 3 groups, there were no significant differences in healing rates (group 1, 72.7%; group 2, 73.3%; group 3, 70.9%; P = .83) and no differences in changes of GFDI (group 1, 0.45; group 2, 0.62; group 3, 0.41; P = .79), and IMPT (abduction: group 1, 113.0%; group 2, 121.5%; group 3, 120.1%; P = .73; external rotation: group 1, 112.1%; group 2, 121.6%; group 3, 111.7%; P = .71; internal rotation: group 1, 118.2%; group 2, 118.0%; group 3, 118.1%; P = .95). When data were reanalyzed with 2 groups (group 1 + 2 vs group 3), there were no significant differences in functional scores, healing rates, or changes in GFDI and IMPT ( P > .05). Conclusion: Current data suggest that myotoxicity of subacromial ropivacaine administered via pain pump may be reversible or may not be so severe as to interfere with tendon healing and cause muscle degeneration and thus may not affect postoperative function.
HE4 is superior to CA125 in the detection of recurrent disease in high-risk endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Abbink Karin , Zusterzeel Petra LM , Geurts-Moespot Anneke J , Herwaarden Antonius E van , Pijnenborg Johanna MA , Sweep Fred CGJ , Massuger Leon FAG 
Published: February 2018

Objective: To date, biomarkers are not routinely used in endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether serum HE4 was related to clinicopathological risk factors and outcome. Second, the role of serum HE4 and CA125 was assessed as indicator for recurrent disease during follow-up. Methods: A total of 174 patients with endometrial cancer between 1999 and 2009 were selected for this retrospective study. Serum HE4 and CA125 were analyzed at primary diagnosis, during follow-up, and at the time of recurrence. Correlations with clinicopathological factors were studied by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Lead time was calculated in order to determine which serum marker was elevated prior to clinical detection of recurrent disease. Results: Serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were significantly associated with high tumor grade, myometrial invasion, lymph node involvement, and advanced stage (p < 0.01). HE4 was an independent prognostic factor for reduced disease-free survival and overall survival with hazard ratios of 2.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.18–7.99) and 3.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.18–9.02), respectively. At recurrence, 75% of the patients had an elevated HE4 compared to 54% with an elevated CA125. HE4 levels were more frequently elevated in patients with distant metastasis compared to local recurrences, 67% and 37%, respectively. Serum HE4 detected a recurrence with a median of 126 days earlier than clinical confirmation. Conclusion: Elevated serum HE4 is an independent risk factor for reduced disease-free survival and overall survival. HE4 seems to be superior to CA125 in the detection of recurrent disease during follow-up, mainly in high-risk endometrial cancer patients who are more prone to distant metastasis.
Community treatment orders: towards a new research agenda
Authors: Brophy Lisa , Edan Vrinda , Gooding Piers , McSherry Bernadette , Burkett Tatum , Carey Sue , Carroll Andrew , Callaghan Sascha , Finch Anne , Hansford Margaret , Hanson Sarah , Kisely Steven , Lawn Sharon , Light Edwina , Maher Sean , Patel Gunvant , Ryan Christopher James , Saltmarsh Keir , Stratford Anthony , Tellez Juan Jose , Toko Maggie , Weller Penelope 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report on a half-day multi-stakeholder symposium on community treatment orders (CTOs) hosted by the Melbourne Social Equity Institute (MSEI), which identified research gaps and opportunities, and produced an agreed agenda for future CTO research. Methods: The MSEI convened a symposium for 22 experts in CTO research to discuss research priorities in this field in Australasia. An independent moderator elicited views and recommendations and produced a report detailing possible research projects. Results: Research on CTOs is contentious and there is a need to gather and examine information regarding both their use and utility. Due to the complexities involved, it was agreed that research should be undertaken in partnership with persons with had lived experience of mental health problems, clinicians, policymakers and other interdisciplinary stakeholders. Five key areas for future investigation were identified. Conclusions: The issues and recommendations arising from the symposium should shape the scope, nature and conduct of future research directions in the field.