bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the magnetic field of the first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124
Authors: Tsygankov Sergey S , Doroshenko Victor , Mushtukov Alexander A , Lutovinov Alexander A , Poutanen Juri 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We report on the monitoring of the final stage of the outburst from the first Galactic ultraluminous X-ray pulsar Swift J0243.6+6124, which reached ∼40 Eddington luminosities. The main aim of the monitoring program with the Swift/XRT telescope was to measure the magnetic field of the neutron star using the luminosity of transition to the ‘propeller’ state. The visibility constraints, unfortunately, did not permit us to observe the source down to the fluxes low enough to detect such a transition. The tight upper limit on the propeller luminosity Lprop &lt; 6.8 × 1035 erg s−1 implies the dipole component of the magnetic field B &lt; 1013 G. On the other hand, the observed evolution of the pulse profile and of the pulsed fraction with flux points to a change of the emission region geometry at the critical luminosity Lcrit ∼ 3 × 1038 erg s−1 both in the rising and declining parts of the outburst. We associate the observed change with the onset of the accretion column, which allows us to get an independent estimate of the magnetic field strength close to the neutron stars surface of B &gt; 1013 G. Given the existing uncertainty in the effective magnetosphere size, we conclude that both estimates are marginally compatible with each other.
Interposing a varying gravitational constant between modified Newtonian dynamics and weak Weyl gravity
Authors: Christodoulou Dimitris M , Kazanas Demosthenes 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Newtonian gravitational constant G obeys the dimensional relation [G][M][a] = [$v$]4, where M, a, and $v$ denote mass, acceleration, and speed, respectively. Since the baryonic Tully-Fisher (BTF) and Faber-Jackson (BFJ) relations are observed facts, this relation implies that $G\, a={\rm constant}$. This result cannot be obtained in Newtonian dynamics which cannot explain the origin of the BTF and BFJ relations. An alternative, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) assumes that G = G0 is constant in space and derives naturally a characteristic constant acceleration a = a0, as well as the BTF and BFJ relations. This is overkill and it comes with a penalty: MOND cannot explain the origin of a0. A solid physical resolution of this issue is that G∝a−1, which implies that in lower-acceleration environments the gravitational force is boosted relative to its Newtonian value because G increases. This eliminates all problems related to MOND’s empirical cutoff a0 and yields a quantitative method for mapping the detailed variations of G(a) across each individual galaxy as well as on larger and smaller scales. On the opposite end, the large accelerations produced by G(a) appear to be linked to the weak-field limit of the fourth-order theory of conformal Weyl gravity.
Loss of BCAT1 Expression is a Sensitive Marker for IDH-Mutant Diffuse Glioma
Authors: Chen Yen-Ying , Ho Hsiang-Ling , Lin Shih-Chieh , Hsu Chih-Yi , Ho Donald Ming-Tak 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND

IDH mutation is an important prognostic factor of diffuse astrocytomas. Although the majority of IDH mutations could be identified by immunohistochemical (IHC) stain for R132H-mutant IDH1, DNA sequencing would be required for IHC negative cases to determine their IDH mutation status. This approach is not cost-effective for tumors with low IDH mutation rates.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether BCAT1 could be used as a surrogate marker for IDH mutations, because BCAT1 is an enzyme related to IDH genes.

METHODS
A group of 120 anaplastic astrocytomas were immunostained for BCAT1, ATRX, and R132H-mutant IDH1. Staining results correlated with the results of DNA sequencing of IDH1/IDH2.

RESULTS
DNA sequencing showed IDH1/2 mutations in 50.8% of cases of which 73.8% had IDH1 R132H mutation. Several IDH1 noncodon 132 mutations, ie, G97D, S122N, G123E, I130K, and G131S, which had uncertain prognostic significance, were identified. IHC stain for R132H-mutant IDH1 identified 93.3% of IDH1 R132H mutations and 70.5% of all IDH mutations. BCAT1 loss was seen in 65.8% of cases, its sensitivity to identify IDH mutations was 96.7%. The sensitivity reached 100% for IDH1 codon 132 and IDH2 codon 172 mutations.

CONCLUSION
Positive BCAT1 stain could be used to exclude diffuse gliomas with IDH1 codon 132 and IDH2 codon 172 mutations. Selecting cases with negative BCAT1 and R132H-mutant IDH1 staining for DNA sequencing of IDH1/2 genes could improve the cost-effectiveness of detecting IDH mutations particularly in tumors with low IDH mutation rates, and confine the need of 1p/19q assay in IDH-mutant tumors.
Oxytocin‐like signaling in ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor activity
Authors: Liutkevičiūte Zita , Gil‐Mansilla Esther , Eder Thomas , Casillas‐Pérez Barbara , Di Giglio Maria Giulia , Muratspahić Edin , Grebien Florian , Rattei Thomas , Muttenthaler Markus , Cremer Sylvia , Gruber Christian W. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAnts are emerging model systems to study cellular signaling because distinct castes possess different physiologic phenotypes within the same colony. Here we studied the functionality of inotocin signaling, an insect ortholog of mammalian oxytocin (OT), which was recently discovered in ants. InLasiusants, we determined that specialization within the colony, seasonal factors, and physiologic conditions down‐regulated the expression of the OT‐like signaling system. Given this natural variation, we interrogated its function using RNAi knockdowns. Next‐generation RNA sequencing of OT‐like precursor knock‐down ants highlighted its role in the regulation of genes involved in metabolism. Knock‐down ants exhibited higher walking activity and increased self‐grooming in the brood chamber. We propose that OT‐like signaling in ants is important for regulating metabolic processes and locomotion.—Liutkevičiūtė, Z., Gil‐Mansilla, E., Eder, T., Casillas‐Pérez, B., Di Giglio, M. G., Muratspahić, E., Grebien, F., Rattei, T., Muttenthaler, M., Cremer, S., Gruber, C. W. Oxytocin‐like signaling in ants influences metabolic gene expression and locomotor activity.FASEB J.32, 6808–6821 (2018).www.fasebj.org
Lymph Node Yield After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Specimens: A Randomized Trial Comparing Two Fixatives
Authors: Dias Andre R. , Pereira Marina Alessandra , de Mello Evandro Sobroza , Nahas Sergio Carlos , Cecconello Ivan , Ribeiro Ulysses 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
It is widely reported that neoadjuvant chemoradiation reduces lymph node yield in rectal cancer specimens. Some have questioned the adequacy of finding ≥12 lymph nodes for accurate staging, and fewer nodes were correlated with good response. Others reported that low lymph node count raises the chance for understaging and correlates with worse survival. In addition, a few studies demonstrated that diligent specimen analysis increases lymph node count.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to compare Carnoy’s solution and formalin concerning lymph node yield in specimens of patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

DESIGN:
This is a prospective randomized trial that was conducted from 2012 to 2015.

SETTINGS:
This study was performed in a reference cancer center in Brazil.

PATIENTS:
Patients who underwent low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal adenocarcinoma were included.

INTERVENTION:
Rectosigmoid specimens were randomized for fixation with Carnoy’s solution or formalin.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
A total of 130 specimens were randomized. After dissection, the residual fat from the formalin group was immersed in Carnoy’s solution in search for missed lymph nodes (Revision).

RESULTS:
The Carnoy’s solution group had superior lymph node count (24.0 vs 16.3, p < 0.01) and fewer cases with <12 lymph nodes (6 vs 22, p = 0.001). The Revision group found lymph nodes in all cases (mean, 11.1), retrieving metastatic lymph nodes in 6 patients. It reduced the formalin cases with <12 lymph nodes from 33.8% to 4.6% and upstaged 2 patients. Tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was not associated with lymph node count.

LIMITATIONS:
This was a unicentric study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with formalin, the Carnoy’s solution increases lymph node count and reduces the cases with <12 lymph nodes. Harvested lymph nodes are missed following routine analysis and this is clinically relevant. Finding <12 lymph nodes is not a sign of good response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02629315). See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A694.
Relationship With the Father of the Baby and Perceived Stress Among Black Women
Authors: Eboh Relicious N. , Giurgescu Carmen , Misra Dawn P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the relationship with the father of the baby was related to psychological stress among Black women.

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of data derived from a retrospective cohort study of 1,410 Black new mothers participating in the Life-course Influences on Fetal Environments (LIFE) study conducted in the Detroit Metropolitan area. Data were obtained from maternal interview and medical records abstraction. Perceived stress was measured by the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. The mother's relationship with the father of the baby before and after pregnancy was measured using two questions.

Results:
Women who reported sometimes close/sometimes distant relationship with the father of the baby prior to pregnancy had higher levels of perceived stress compared with women who reported close relationship with the father of the baby prior to pregnancy (38.73 and 35.10, respectively, p < .001). Women who reported current distant relationship (38.82 and 34.45, respectively, p < .001) and sometimes close/sometimes distant relationship (38.83 and 34.45, respectively, p < .001) reported higher levels of perceived stress compared with women who had current close relationship with the father of the baby.

Clinical Implications:
Women who reported to have a close relationship with the father of the baby before and during the pregnancy reported lower levels of stress compared with women with a distant relationship with the father of the baby. Nurses should assess women's relationship with the father of the baby and their levels of stress.
Improvement During Inpatient Rehabilitation Among Older Adults With Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson Disease, and Stroke
Authors: Andrews A. Williams , Middleton Addie 
Published: June 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to quantify the improvement in independence experienced by patients with the following diagnoses: Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and stroke after inpatient rehabilitation.

Design
Subjects who were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in 2012–2013 with an incident diagnosis of the following: Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1079), multiple sclerosis (n = 1438), Parkinson disease (n = 11,834), or stroke (n = 131,313), were included. The main outcome measure was improvement in Functional Independence Measure scores on self-care, mobility, and cognition during inpatient rehabilitation. We estimated percent improvement from a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for patients' age, sex, race/ethnicity, comorbidity count, diagnostic group (Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and stroke), and admission score.

Results
All patient diagnostic groups receiving inpatient rehabilitation improved across all three domains. The largest adjusted percent improvements were observed in the mobility domain and the smallest in the cognition domain for all groups. Percent improvement in mobility ranged from 84.9% (multiple sclerosis) to 144.0% (Guillain-Barré syndrome), self-care from 49.5% (multiple sclerosis) to 84.1% (Guillain-Barré syndrome), and cognition from 34.0% (Parkinson disease) to 51.7% (Guillain-Barré syndrome). Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome demonstrated the greatest percent improvement across all three domains.

Conclusions
Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and stroke should improve during inpatient rehabilitation but anticipated outcomes for patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome should be even higher.
Evaluation of Airway Volume in Cleft Lip and Palate Following Nasoalveolar Molding
Authors: Astani Seyed Amirhossein , Yilmaz Hanife Nuray , Nevzatoglu Sirin , Demirkaya Arzu Ari , Acar Zeynep Ahu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) have commonly reduced nasal airways and are more prone to snoring, mouth breathing and hypopnea during sleep. Therefore, the morphometric evaluation of pharyngeal airway in patients with CLP is crucial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharyngeal airway volumes of patients with CLP who underwent nasoalveolar molding (NAM) and to compare them with a well-matched control group without NAM. The study consisted of 40 patients with CLP divided into 2 main groups (26 with NAM; 14 without NAM) and 4 subgroups (15 unilateral CLP [UCLP] with NAM, mean age: 10.13 ± 1.30 years; 11 bilateral CLP [BCLP] with NAM, mean age: 10.55 ± 1.51 years; 7 UCLP without NAM, mean age: 9.86 ± 1.68 years; 7 BCLP without NAM, mean age: 10.28 ± 1.89 years). Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and total airway volumes of all the patients were calculated 3-dimensionally with cone-beam computed tomography. There were statistically significant differences in nasopharyngeal volume (P < 0.05) of NAM group compared to control group; however, volumetric differences in oropharyngeal and total pharyngeal airway were not significant (P > 0.05). The amount of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and total pharyngeal airway size in the BCLP with NAM group was significantly larger compared to BCLP without NAM group (P < 0.05). However, UCLP did not show any significant difference in NAM group (P > 0.05). This study implies that NAM can effectively enlarge the nasopharyngeal airway size in patient with CLP. In addition, the pharyngeal airway volume enlargement is more apparent in BCLP than UCLP individuals.
Myoclonus-dystonia: classification, phenomenology, pathogenesis, and treatment
Authors: Roze Emmanuel , Lang Anthony E. , Vidailhet Marie 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
The present study will highlight recent advances in the field of myoclonus-dystonia with a focus on clinical aspects, pathogenesis, and treatment. We will also discuss genetics, classification issues, and diagnostic criteria.

Recent findings
Myoclonus-dystonia is a clinical syndrome corresponding to the phenotype linked to SGCE, the main causative gene. Childhood-onset myoclonus that predominates over dystonia with prominent upper body involvement, an absence of truncal dystonia, associated anxiety or compulsivity, and a positive family history are helpful diagnostic clues. Recent studies demonstrated that zonisamide is an interesting therapeutic option in myoclonus-dystonia, and that bilateral pallidal stimulation has major and lasting therapeutic effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that an alteration in cerebello-thalamic pathway function may play a prominent role and that this is possibly related to a GABAergic deficit reflecting Purkinje cell dysfunction. Impaired striatal plasticity and disturbed serotonin homeostasis may also be implicated. Newly available cellular and rodent models may further assist in investigating the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Summary
Comprehensive analysis of the phenotype and precise classification are important in patients with myoclonus and dystonia to identify homogeneous groups of patients. This is critical to guide tailored therapeutic strategies and promote effective research.
How well can we create phased, diploid, human genomes?: An assessment of FALCON-Unzip phasing using a human trio
Authors: Fungtammasan Arkarachai , Hannigan Brett 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTLong read sequencing technology has allowed researchers to create de novo assemblies with impressive continuity[1,2]. This advancement has dramatically increased the number of reference genomes available and hints at the possibility of a future where personal genomes are assembled rather than resequenced. In 2016 Pacific Biosciences released the FALCON-Unzip framework, which can provide long, phased haplotype contigs from de novo assemblies. This phased genome algorithm enhances the accuracy of highly heterozygous organisms and allows researchers to explore questions that require haplotype information such as allele-specific expression and regulation. However, validation of this technique has been limited to small genomes or inbred individuals[3].As a roadmap to personal genome assembly and phasing, we assess the phasing accuracy of FALCON-Unzip in humans using publicly available data for the Ashkenazi trio from the Genome in a Bottle Consortium[4]. To assess the accuracy of the Unzip algorithm, we assembled the genome of the son using FALCON and FALCON Unzip, genotyped publicly available short read data for the mother and the father, and observed the inheritance pattern of the parental SNPs along the phased genome of the son. We found that 72.8% of haplotype contigs share SNPs with only one parent suggesting that these contigs are correctly phased. Most mis-phased SNPs are random but present in high frequency toward the end of haplotype contigs. Approximately 20.7% of mis-phased haplotype contigs contain clusters of mis-phased SNPs, suggesting that haplotypes were mis-joined by FALCON-Unzip. Mis-joined boundaries in those contigs are located in areas of low SNP density. This research demonstrates that the FALCON-Unzip algorithm can be used to create long and accurate haplotypes for humans and identifies problematic regions that could benefit in future improvement.
Opening the Pandora Box: DNA-barcoding evidence limitations of morphology to identify Spanish mosquitoes
Authors: Sofía Delgado-Serra , Miriam Viader , Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo , Miguel Ángel Miranda , Carlos Barceló , Rubén Bueno-Mari , Hernández-Triana Luis M. , Marga Miquel , Claudia Paredes-Esquivel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCryptic speciation is frequent in the medically important mosquitoes. While most findings have been reported in tropical regions, it is an unexplored topic in countries where mosquito-borne diseases are not endemic, like Spain. The occurrence of recent outbreaks in Europe has increased the awareness on the native and invasive mosquito fauna present in the continent. Therefore, the central question of this study is whether the typological approach is sufficient to identify Spanish mosquitoes. To address this problem, we confronted the results of the morphological identification of 62 adult specimens collected from four different regions of Spain (La Rioja, Navarra, Castellón and the Island of Majorca) with the results obtained through DNA-barcoding. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene region and compared this with the results of four species delimitation algorithms (ABGD initial partition, ABGD P=0.46%, bPTP and TCS). We report strong evidence for cryptic speciation in Anopheles algeriensis and Aedes vexans and reproductive isolation of the rock pool mosquito Aedes mariae. In addition, we report that the character present in the wings is not efficient to distinguish species Culiseta annulata from Culiseta subochrea, which distribution in the country may be different than previously described.
Laminar profile of task-related plasticity in ferret primary auditory cortex
Authors: Francis Nikolas A. , Elgueda Diego , Englitz Bernhard , Fritz Jonathan B. , Shamma Shihab A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRapid task-related plasticity is a neural correlate of selective attention in primary auditory cortex (A1). Top-down feedback from higher-order cortex may drive task-related plasticity in A1, characterized by enhanced neural representation of behaviorally meaningful sounds during auditory task performance. Since intracortical connectivity is greater within A1 layers 2/3 (L2/3) than in layers 4-6 (L4-6), we hypothesized that enhanced representation of behaviorally meaningful sounds might be greater in A1 L2/3 than L4-6. To test this hypothesis and study the laminar profile of task-related plasticity, we trained 2 ferrets to detect pure tones while we recorded laminar activity across a 1.8 mm depth in A1. In each experiment, we analyzed current-source densities (CSDs), high-gamma local field potentials (LFPs), and multi-unit spiking in response to identical acoustic stimuli during both passive listening and active task performance. We found that neural responses to auditory targets were enhanced during task performance, and target enhancement was greater in L2/3 than in L4-6. Spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) computed from CSDs, high-gamma LFPs, and multi-unit spiking showed similar increases in auditory target selectivity, also greatest in L2/3. Our results suggest that activity within intracortical networks plays a key role in shaping the underlying neural mechanisms of selective attention.
High-resolution genetic map and QTL analysis of growth-related traits ofHevea brasiliensiscultivated under suboptimal temperature and humidity conditions
Authors: Conson André Ricardo Oliveira , Taniguti Cristiane Hayumi , Amadeu Rodrigo Rampazo , Andreotti Isabela Aparecida Araújo , de Souza Livia Moura , dos Santos Luciano Henrique Braz , Rosa João Ricardo Bachega Feijó , Mantello Camila Campos , da Silva Carla Cristina , Scaloppi Junior Erivaldo José , Ribeiro Rafael Vasconcelos , Le Guen Vincent , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza , de Souza Anete Pereira 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) cultivation is the main source of natural rubber worldwide and has been extended to areas with suboptimal climates and lengthy drought periods; this transition affects growth and latex production. High-density genetic maps with reliable markers support precise mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), which can help reveal the complex genome of the species, provide tools to enhance molecular breeding, and shorten the breeding cycle. In this study, QTL mapping of the stem diameter, tree height, and number of whorls was performed for a full-sibling population derived from a GT1 and RRIM701 cross. A total of 225 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 186 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to construct a base map with 18 linkage groups and to anchor 671 SNPs from genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to produce a very dense linkage map with small intervals between loci. The final map was composed of 1,079 markers, spanned 3,779.7 cM with an average marker density of 3.5 cM, and showed collinearity between markers from previous studies. Significant variation in phenotypic characteristics was found over a 59-month evaluation period with a total of 38 QTLs being identified through a composite interval mapping method. Linkage group 4 showed the greatest number of QTLs (7), with phenotypic explained values varying from 7.67% to 14.07%. Additionally, we estimated segregation patterns, dominance, and additive effects for each QTL. A total of 53 significant effects for stem diameter were observed, and these effects were mostly related to additivity in the GT1 clone. Associating accurate genome assemblies and genetic maps represents a promising strategy for identifying the genetic basis of phenotypic traits in rubber trees. Then, further research can benefit from the QTLs identified herein, providing a better understanding of the key determinant genes associated with growth ofHevea brasiliensisunder limiting water conditions.