bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Kinetic Solubility Differences for Low Level Detection of Crystallinity in Amorphous Drug Formulations
Authors: Webster Gregory K. , Pommerening Cynthia A. , Harman Whitney W. , Gragg Mathew A. , Han Jian-Hwa , Taylor Daniel J. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Enabling formulations have been implemented by the pharmaceutical industry
as an effective tool for keeping Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) in an amorphous state. Upon
dosing in the amorphous state, many drugs which fail to demonstrate bioactivity due to the limited solubility
and bioavailability of their crystalline form become bioavailable.

Purpose:
The analytical techniques use today for crystallinity detection are challenged by the sensitivity
and robustness needed to achieve a 5% quantitation limit in low dose drug products. Our laboratory has
developed a novel procedure capable of meeting this sensitivity and selectivity requirement. This is
achieved by exploiting the differences in kinetic solubility of the formulated amorphous and free crystalline
forms of API currently being used in dosage form platforms.

Methods:
Representative amorphous drug formulations were prepared and spiked with varying levels of
crystalline drug substances to evaluate the selectivity and recovery of the crystalline drug substance
from the product formulation. Kinetic solubility testing using a (i) Particle wetting phase, (ii) Particle
suspending/erosion phase, (iii) Sampling time point and (iv) A total recovery determination for the drug
substance.

Results:
The method selectively and quantitatively distinguishes crystalline drug substance from amorphous
drug substance for samples spiked from 2.5% to 10% of the nominal label concentration of the
API in the dosage form matrix.

Conclusion:
The kinetic solubility approach reported here achieves sensitive crystallinity quantitation
for low drug level amorphous drug formulations at levels not yet achieved by complimentary analytical
techniques.
Robustness Speaker Recognition Based on Feature Space in Clean and Noisy Condition
Authors: Al-Karawi Khamis A. 
Published: December 2018

Background & Objective:
Speaker Recognition (SR) techniques have been developed into
a relatively mature status over the past few decades through development work. Existing methods
typically use robust features extracted from clean speech signals, and therefore in idealized conditions
can achieve very high recognition accuracy. For critical applications, such as security and forensics,
robustness and reliability of the system are crucial.

Methods:
The background noise and reverberation as often occur in many real-world applications are
known to compromise recognition performance. To improve the performance of speaker verification
systems, an effective and robust technique is proposed to extract features for speech processing, capable
of operating in the clean and noisy condition. Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCCs)
and Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) are the mature techniques and the most
common features, which are used for speaker recognition. MFCCs are calculated from the log energies
in frequency bands distributed over a mel scale. While GFCC has been acquired from a bank of
Gammatone filters, which was originally suggested to model human cochlear filtering. This paper
investigates the performance of GFCC and the conventional MFCC feature in clean and noisy conditions.
The effects of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and language mismatch on the system performance
have been taken into account in this work.

Conclusion:
Experimental results have shown significant improvement in system performance in
terms of reduced equal error rate and detection error trade-off. Performance in terms of recognition
rates under various types of noise, various Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) was quantified via simulation.
Results of the study are also presented and discussed.
Fuzzy based Schematic Component Selection Decision Search with OPAM-Ocaml Engine
Authors: Kaur Iqbaldeep , Bawa Rajesh Kumar 
Published: December 2018

Background:
With an exponential increase in software online as well as offline, through
each passing day, the task of digging out precise and relevant software components has become the
need of the hour. There is no dearth of techniques used for the retrieval of software component from
the available online and offline repositories in the conceptual as well as the empirical literature.
However each of these techniques has its own set of limitations and suitability.

Objective:
The proposed technique gives concrete decision using schematic based search that gives
better result and higher precision and recall values.

Methods:
In this paper, a component decision and retrieval engine called SR-SCRS (Schematic and
Refinement based Software Component Retrieval System) has been presented using OPAM. OPAM
is a github repository containing software components (packages), designed by OcamlPro. This
search engine employs two retrieval techniques for a robust decision vis-o-vis Schematic-based
search with fuzzy logic and Refinement-based search. The Schematic based search is based on
matching the attribute values and the threshold of those values as given by the user. Thereafter the
results are optimized to achieve the level of relevance using fuzzy logic. Refinement based search
works on one particular attribute value. The experiments have been conducted and validated on
OPAM dataset.

Results:
Precisely, the average precision of Schematic based search and Refinement based search is
60% and 27.86% which shows robust results.

Conclusion:
Hence, the performance and efficiency of the proposed work has been evaluated and
compared with the other retrieval technique.
Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifier-Based Sinusoidal Quadrature Oscillator Using Only Two Grounded Capacitors
Authors: Channumsin Orapin , Tangsrirat Worapong 
Published: December 2018

Background:
This article describes the circuit construction of the sinusoidal quadrature
oscillator using two Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifiers (VDGAs) as active devices.

Methods:
Since the presented oscillator circuit uses only two external grounded capacitors as passive
elements, it is quite suitable for monolithic integration point of view. The condition of oscillation
and the frequency of oscillation are non-interactive, and can be controlled electronically by tuning
two separate biasing currents. Non-ideal analysis and sensitivity performance are also discussed.

Results:
The feasibility of the designed oscillator is justified by the PSPICE simulation results based
on TSMC 0.35-µm CMOS process parameters.

Conclusion:
The effects of the VDGA non-idealities on the proposed circuit are also provided, and
the computer simulations based on TSMC 0.35-mm CMOS model parameters are included to evaluate
the performance of the circuit.
Association of Continuation of Loop Diuretics at Hemodialysis Initiation with Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sibbel Scott , Walker Adam G. , Colson Carey , Tentori Francesca , Brunelli Steven M. , Flythe Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

Background and objectives
Loop diuretics are commonly used to manage nondialysis-dependent CKD. Despite benefits of augmented urine output, loop diuretics are often discontinued after dialysis initiation. Here, we assessed the association of the early decision to continue loop diuretics at hemodialysis start with clinical outcomes during the first year of dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We considered all patients on in-center hemodialysis at a large dialysis organization (2006–2013) with Medicare Part A and D benefits who had an active supply of a loop diuretic at dialysis initiation (n=11,297). Active therapy was determined on the basis of whether loop diuretic prescription was refilled after dialysis initiation and within 30 days of exhaustion of prior supply. Patients were followed under an intention-to-treat paradigm for up to 12 months for rates of death, hospitalization, and intradialytic hypotension and mean monthly values of interdialytic weight gain, serum potassium, predialysis systolic BP, and ultrafiltration rates.

Results
We identified 5219 patients who refilled a loop diuretic and 6078 eligible controls who did not. After adjustments for patient mix and clinical differences, continuation of loop diuretics was associated with lower hospitalization (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.98) and intradialytic hypotension (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.99) rates, no difference in death rate (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.01), and lower interdialytic weight gain (P=0.03).

Conclusions
Continuation of loop diuretics after hemodialysis initiation was associated with lower rates of hospitalization and intradialytic hypotension as well as lower interdialytic weight gain, but there was no difference in mortality over the first year of dialysis.
Research on Factors Affecting Real Estate Values by Data Mining
Authors: Ersoz Filiz , Ersoz Taner , Soydan Muhammet 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Construction sector has an important place in Turkey’s economy. Real estate sales for the sector are increasing in parallel. However, the purchase cost is also important for those who are willing to buy a real estate. In the acquisition of real estate, factors such as size, location and age of the house are taken into consideration. The aim of the article is to conduct research on factors affecting real estate values by data mining. In this study, the most important variables that determine the value of the real estate have been investigated by data mining methods. The research has been carried out in Karabük and the variables determined according to the opinions of real estate experts. As classification methods, CHAID and C&RT algorithms have been used. It has been evaluated that both algorithm estimation results can be used. Within the framework of the study, the variables that have the most impact on the unit price have been determined, such as the size of the real estate, the distance to the city centre, the popularity, and the age of the building. The use of advanced technologies, such as statistical modelling and machine learning in real estate valuation and automatic value estimation, is of importance in determining the real value of the real estate.
Foreign Direct Investment and Special Economic Zones in Latvia
Authors: Gulbis Ivo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper aims at providing insight into the effectiveness of Latvian special economic zones (SEZ) as a tool to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). The goal is accomplished through the statistical analysis of relevant data and the comparison with international examples to establish a point of reference. Countries of comparison are chosen by merit, in the form of widely acknowledged success stories regarding SEZ policy, and relative statistical similarity. The wider the pool of examples, the more conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of SEZ in various metrics. Based on the results, Latvian special economic zones have significantly underperformed when compared to every single example on the list. Research has been approbated in the Riga Technical University 58th International Scientific Conference “Scientific Conference on Economics and Entrepreneurship” (SCEE’2017).
The Assessment of Cost of Biomass from Post-Mining Peaty Lands for Pellet Fabrication
Authors: Rodzkin Aleh , Kundas Semjon , Charnenak Yauheniya , Khroustalev Boris , Wichtmann Wendelin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Post-mining peaty lands were formed as a result of peat extraction on drainage wetlands areas. After peat extraction has finished, the biggest problem is to use these lands for other purposes. This type of soil is very heterogenic, poorly drained, with massive structure and poor contents of nutrients. Thus it is very problematic to grow traditional agricultural crops that have special requirements for soil fertility on those areas. The area of post-mining peaty lands in Belarus alone is about 200 000 hectares. One of the perspective directions of post-mining peaty land use is re-wetting and production of biomass for energy purposes. The goal of our research was to estimate cost of biomass of natural grass and willow wood from short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations which may be used as feedstock for pellet production. The dominant wetland species were common reed, cattail and sedges. SRC plantation was planted on degraded soils. The prime cost of biomass which was produced on the base of natural grass was from 10.4 euro per ton to 13.2 euro per ton, depending on technology. The prime cost of willow biomass was 24.1 euro per ton. Introduction of taxes will increase cost of biomass by approximately 60 %. The calculation of economic efficiency identified that biomass as a feedstock for pellet production on post-peat mining areas may be a profitable direction for peat factory function and providing the sustainable development of local communities. Additional profit may be obtained as a result of saving carbon quotas. The share of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel for grass biomass production is about 2 % from the total volume of CO2 during renewable biomass utilization for energy and for chips production from willow wood - 6 %. The diversification of biomass sources enables to use feedstock for a pellet line in the winter and spring which is in the heating season.
The Minerals Wealth in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan K. 
Published: December 2018

The Kurdistan region covers the northern and northeastern parts of Iraq which forms the extreme northeastern part of the Arabian Plate. It is colliding with the Eurasian Plate. The collision has caused thrusting parts of the ophiolite inside Iraq from Iran, besides the hydrothermal fluids which have deposited different metallic minerals. The Kurdistan region is characterized by the presence of metallic minerals such as Fe, Zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), Cu, Cr-Ni, and Mn, besides uranium and thorium. The formation of these minerals is associated with the development of the tectonic framework. The major tectonic events are associated with the Tethys development and movement of the Arabian Plate toward the Iranian Plate. Most of the metallic mineralization’s are of the Alpine-type, of Cretaceous age. Some Zn-Pb showing is related to early Alpine activities. Uranium and thorium are of Cretaceous and Jurassic ages. The actual mineral wealth of the Kurdistan region is not known, due to the lack of detailed geological data. However, based on the available data, it is expected that the region is promising for Cu, Fe, Zn, and Pb, besides the radioactive minerals. A critical review is presented to show the potential of the metallic minerals wealth in the region. Moreover, recommendations are given to have a better view of the minerals wealth.
A Preliminary Analysis of Improvement of the Site Vitality of Enning Road
Authors: Sun Qi 
Published: December 2018

Â Abstractï¼šEnning Road is an old city street with Guangzhou characteristics. It has excellent geographical location and the longest arcade in Guangzhou and is also the birthplace of Cantonese opera culture. However, despite so many advantages, the site vitality of Enning Road is relatively low. Therefore, this paper mainly analyzes the current situation of Enning Road, and discusses how to make it play its own advantages to reproduce the past glory.
Ship detection in Madura Strait and Lamong Gulf using Sentinel-1 SAR Data
Authors: Bioresita Filsa , Pribadi Cherie Bhekti , Firdaus Hana Sugiastu 
Published: December 2018

<p class="Abstract">During the recent years, maritime surveillance has been
receiving a growing interest. Ship detection and identification are parts of
maritime surveillance in order to dealing with illegal fishery, maritime
traffic, sea border activity, or oil spill detection and monitoring. Nowadays,
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) as one of active remote sensing technology
provide signals to penetrate cloud, can be advantage to be used in tropical
region with the intention to monitor sea objects on the sea surface from the
space. The availability of Sentinel-1 as SAR imaging mission, providing
continuous all-weather, day-and-night imagery, makes it ideal for precise
cueing and location of ship activities at sea. Utilization of CFAR (Constant
False Alarm Rate) algorithm provided by SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform)
software from ESA show rapid detection of ship in the study areas (Madura
Strait and Lamong Gulf). Compared with manual ship extraction method, it gives
sufficient results.<o:p></o:p></p>
Representing "the other woman" in Instagram @trinitytraveler
Authors: Vida Helen Diana 
Published: December 2018

<p class="p1a">Traveling is one activity that is often done by urban communities.
Currently there are many female travelers in Indonesia, one of them is Trinity
that entered in a row of women who inspire Indonesian women. Trinity constructs
self-identity by liberating herself from the construction of society in
general, and represents herself through social media, books and films. One of
the used social media is Instagram, under account name @trinitytraveler. The purpose
of these paper is to figure out how self-identity constructed and how the image
of “Other Woman" is represented in @trinitytraveler. This research applied
self-identity theory from Anthony Giddens (<span lang="IN">1991</span>) and representation from Stuart Hall (<span lang="IN">2013</span>). Through @trinitytraveler, Trinity
represents "The Other Woman" which is different from the "Ideal
Woman" that has been known in the community. @trinitytraveler represents a
different self-identity; that is a single woman who has freedom of life by
traveling to various places. In addition @trinitytraveler also represents women
who are able to enjoy and appreciate herself including her body, being freed
from the dominant construction of beautiful women.<o:p></o:p></p>
Wilhelm Horsma vastaan kaikkitietävyys
Authors: Salin Sari Johanna 
Published: December 2018

Wilhelm Horsma vastaan kaikkitietävyys.
Kaksi kertojaa Aapelin romaanissa Siunattu hulluus
Artikkelissani tarkastelen Aapelin (Simo Puupposen) esikoisromaanin Siunattu hulluus (1948) kahta kertojaa, epäluotettavaa minäkertojaa ja "kaikkitietävää" (heterodiegeettistä, tarinan tapahtumien ulkopuolista) kertojaa, pohdin narratologista käsitettä "kaikkitietävyys", vertailen kertojien tietämystä ja maailmankatsomusta sekä osoitan, että kertojien välille rakentuu eettinen kontrasti.
Siunattu hulluus kertoo Rummukaisen veljesten hullujenhuonematkasta. Siinä tutkitaan erilaisia näkemyksiä hulluuden olemuksesta henkilöiden dialogin ja sisäkertomusten kautta. Myös ylemmän tason kaksi kertojaa liittyvät tähän hulluudesta käytyyn keskusteluun. Ensimmäinen kertoja on teoksen kehyskertomuksen päiväkirjaansa kirjoittava yläkansakoulunopettaja Wilhelm Horsma. Toinen kertoja on tarinan tapahtumien ulkopuolinen, tiedoiltaan ja viisaudeltaan ylivoimainen kertoja, joka kertoo veljesten seikkailuista. Horsma ei tunne kaikkia tapahtumia muuten kuin kuulopuheelta, ja hän on muutenkin ironisoituva ja epäluotettava. Kaikkein epäluotettavin hän on eettisessä mielessä, sillä hän määrittelee Rummukaisen veljekset, eritoten Elmerin, joka on hänen mukaansa "vähäjärkinen" ja "löysäpäinen". Erityisen epäeettistä Horsman toiminta on siksi, että hän on "kansankynttilänä" yhteisönsä arvostama vallankäyttäjä. "Kaikkitietävä" kertoja sen sijaan pidättäytyy tiedostaan huolimatta luonnehtimasta veljeksiä millään tavalla. Kieltäytyessään määrittelemästä veljeksiä se saavuttaa eettisen auktoriteetin aseman romaanissa. Se on humaani ja viisas kertojanääni, jota haluaisin nimittää kaikkitietäväksi.
Vaikka "kaikkitietävyys" kuulostaa vanhanaikaiselta käsitteeltä, läheskään kaikki tutkijat eivät ole halukkaita luopumaan siitä. Narratologisessa teoriaosuudessa pohdin "kaikkitietävyyden" käsitteen problematiikkaa ja erilaisia tulkintoja sen merkityksestä. Kysyn, miksi "kaikkitietävyys" laitetaan niin usein lainausmerkkeihin? Onko kertojan mahdollista olla kaikkitietävä ja mitä se niin ollen voisi tarkoittaa? Viittaan Narrative-lehdessä käytyyn keskusteluun, johon ovat ottaneet osaa mm. Jonathan Culler (2004), William Nelles (2006), Meir Sternberg (2007), Paul Dawson (2009) ja Barbara K. Olson (2007). Esittelen myös lyhyesti Paul Dawsonin teosta The Return of the Omniscient Narrator (2013).
Etenemisjärjestys on seuraava: 1) Aapelin teoksen esittely 2) kertojien esittely 3) narratologinen osuus ja 4) eettisen kontrastin osoittaminen kahden kertojan välillä ja 5) loppupäätelmät
Katılım Stili İle İşlenen Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Derslerinin Öğrencilerin Sürekli Kaygı Düzeyine Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ALP Hulusi 
Published: December 2018

Beden eğitimi ve spor
derslerinin işlenmesi, değişik öğrenme stillerinin yer aldığı geniş bir öğretim
yelpazesine sahiptir. Bu öğretim stillerinin oluşu beden eğitimi ve spor
derslerini işleme konusunda hem kolaylık sağlamakta hem de öğretme işini daha
etkin kılmaktadır. Bu araştırma, “Katılım Stili İle İşlenen Beden Eğitimi ve
Spor Derslerinin Öğrencilerin Sürekli Kaygı Düzeyine Etkisi” ni belirlemek
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini; Aydın İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne
bağlı bir ilkokulunda 5. ve 8.
sınıflarda öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın
örneklemini ise; evreni oluşturan ve araştırmacının beden eğitimi ve spor
derslerine girdiği 6A şubesindeki otuz (30) ve 6C şubesindeki otuz bir (31)toplam
atmış bir (61) öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. İki sınıf arasında hangi sınıftaki
öğrencilerle yaygın olarak kullanılan öğretim stillerinden komut (A stili)
stili ile hangi sınıftaki öğrencilerle de katılım (E stili) stili ile ders
işleneceğini belirmek için basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Her
iki sınıftaki öğrencilere de on altı (16) hafta boyunca beden eğitimi ve spor
derslerinde yer alan ders müfredatı uygulanmıştır. Dersler basit tesadüfi
örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 6A şubesindeki öğrencilerle komut (A stili)
stiline göre 6C şubesindeki öğrencilerle de katılım (E stili) stiline göre
işlenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda değerlendirme yapabilmek için araştırmanın
başında ve sonunda “Beden Eğitimi Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği” her iki sınıftaki
öğrencilere çalışmanın başında ön-test olarak, çalışmanın sonunda da son-test
olarak uygulanmıştır. Bu testin sonuçları spss istatistik programı ile
yapılmıştır. Gruplar arası ortalama farklarının karşılaştırmasına, bağımsız
t-testi ile bakılmıştır. Tip 1 hata için α= 0.05 düzeyi alınmıştır. Komut stili
ile ders işlenen 6A şubesi ile katılım stili ile ders işlenen 6C şubesi
arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve bu farkın 6C şubesinde
ki öğrencilerin lehine olduğu görülmüştür (p&lt;0.05). 6C şubesindeki
öğrencilerin sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür
(p&lt;0.05). Araştırma sonucunda; katılım stili ile ders işlenen 6C sınıfındaki
öğrencilerin beden eğitimi ve spor derslerinde ki sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin,
komut stili ile ders işlenen 6A şubesindeki öğrencilerin sürekli kaygı
düzeylerinden daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. 6C şubesindeki öğrencilerin
katılım stili ile işlenen beden eğitimi ve spor derslerinde kendilerini daha
iyi ifade edebildiklerinden dolayı öğrencilerin sürekli kaygı düzeylerinin
düşük olmasında etkisinin olduğu söylenebilir.