bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of National Pediatric Procedures Training Guidelines With Actual Clinical Practice in Ohio
Authors: Iyer Maya S. , Way David P. , Kline Jennifer , Wallihan Rebecca , Stanley Rachel M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and Pediatrics Review Committee (RC) recommends the clinical procedures residents should master during their training. These guidelines may be partially based on consensus opinion or tradition rather than actual need. The literature defining which procedures general pediatricians actually perform in practice is limited.

Objective
Our objective was to determine how often general pediatricians perform procedures recommended by accreditation bodies, how well prepared they feel to perform them, and how important the procedures are to their practice.

Methods
We categorized recommended procedures as emergent, urgent, or office-based, then developed and administered a survey in 2017 based on these classes. We randomly sampled and polled 439 general pediatricians from urban, suburban, or rural regions across central Ohio. Responses were compared using the Welch ANOVA, Mann Whitney U, and post-hoc tests.

Results
The response rate was 60% (265 of 439). Pediatricians almost never performed 11 of 13 recommended procedures, yet felt well prepared to perform them all and believed that all were important. Rural pediatricians performed significantly more emergent and office-based procedures and rated them as more important. Commonly performed non-ACGME/RC procedures were circumcision, wart removal, cerumen removal, umbilical cauterization, and suture removal.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that pediatricians rarely perform most of the recommended procedures, but think they are important. There are several office-based non-ACGME recommended procedures that pediatricians commonly perform. Regional differences suggest the need for customized training based on future practice plans.
The difference in the intraday return-volume relationships of spot and futures: a quantile regression approach
Authors: Lee Jaeram , Lee Geul , Ryu Doojin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study illuminates the difference in the intraday return-volume relationships of spot and index futures. The quantile regression analyses show that the widening effect of the spot trading volume on the distribution of spot returns disappears within a short period of time, whereas that of the futures trading volume on the distribution of spot returns remains over the relatively long term. The short-term effect of the spot volume and the long-term effect of the futures volume are consistent for trading volume shocks. The findings suggest that the spot volume is primarily induced by the demand for hedging or differences of opinion, whereas the futures volume contains information about price movements.
The Political Possibility of Sound
Authors: Voegelin Salomé 
Published: March 2019

The essay is the perfect format for a crisis. Its porous and contingent nature forgives a lack of formality, while its neglect of perfection and virtuosity releases the potential for the incomplete and the unrealizable. These seven essays on The Political Possibility of Sound present a perfectly incomplete form for a discussion on the possibility of the political that includes creativity and invention, and articulates a politics that imagines transformation and the desire to embrace a connected and collaborative world.
The themes of these essays emerge from and deepen discussions started in Voegelin’s previous books, Listening to Noise and Silence and Sonic Possible Worlds. Continuing the methodological juxtaposition of phenomenology and logic and writing from close sonic encounters each represents a fragment of listening to a variety of sound works, to music, the acoustic environment and to poetry, to hear their possibilities and develop words for what appears impossible.
As fragments of writing they respond to ideas on geography and migration, bring into play formless subjectivities and trans-objective identities, and practice collectivity and a sonic cosmopolitanism through the hearing of shared volumes. They involve the unheard and the in-between to contribute to current discussions on new materialism, and perform vertical readings to reach the depth of sound.
Western Mediterranean hydro-climatic consequences of Holocene ice-rafted debris (Bond) events
Authors: Zielhofer Christoph , Köhler Anne , Mischke Steffen , Benkaddour Abdelfattah , Mikdad Abdeslam , Fletcher William J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Gerard C. Bond established a Holocene series of North Atlantic ice-rafted
debris events based on quartz and haematite-stained grains recovered from
subpolar North Atlantic marine cores. These so-called “Bond events”
document nine large-scale and multi-centennial North Atlantic cooling phases
that might be linked to a reduced thermohaline circulation. Regardless of the
high prominence of the Holocene North Atlantic ice-rafted debris record,
there are critical scientific comments on the study: the Holocene Bond curve
has not yet been replicated in other marine archives of the North Atlantic
and there exist only very few palaeoclimatic studies that indicate all
individual Bond events in their own record. Therefore, evidence of consistent
hydro-climatic teleconnections between the subpolar North Atlantic and
distant regions is not clear. In this context, the Western Mediterranean
region presents key hydro-climatic sites for the reconstruction of a
teleconnection with the subpolar North Atlantic. In particular, variability
in Western Mediterranean winter precipitation might be the result of
atmosphere–ocean coupled processes in the outer-tropical North Atlantic
realm. Based on an improved Holocene δ18O record from Lake Sidi Ali
(Middle Atlas, Morocco), we correlate Western Mediterranean precipitation
anomalies with North Atlantic Bond events to identify a probable
teleconnection between Western Mediterranean winter rains and subpolar North
Atlantic cooling phases. Our data show a noticeable similarity between
Western Mediterranean winter rain minima and Bond events during the Early
Holocene and an opposite pattern during the Late Holocene. There is evidence of an enduring hydro-climatic change in the overall Atlantic
atmosphere–ocean system and the response to external forcing during the
Middle Holocene. Regarding a potential climatic anomaly around 4.2 ka (Bond
event 3) in the Western Mediterranean, a centennial-scale winter rain
maximum is generally in-phase with the overall pattern of alternating “wet
and cool” and “dry and warm” intervals during the last 5000 years.
Hannah Gadsby: On the Limits of Satire
Authors: Krefting Rebecca 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Hannah Gadsby's widely viewed stand-up comedy special Nanette tackles pressing social justice issues like gender violence, sexual assault, and homophobia. Along the way, she challenges stand-up comedy as a masculinist cultural form and systematically exposes the limitations of satire, speaking the truths we dare not disclose for fear of losing the funny. Satire necessarily requires a play frame and seeks to elicit laughter. Privileging humor as vehicle for serious critique runs the risk of undermining the importance of human rights issues such as those raised by Gadsby. Satire has also proven to be advantageous for some but not others to deploy. Social conditioning informs reception to satire, meaning that certain identities will find it difficult to pull off this comedy style with the same ease and success as others occupying dominant categories of identity.
A Review of the Anthropological Literature in English on the Palestinian "Ḥamūla" and the Status of Women
Authors: Rothenberg Celia E. 
Published: March 2019

The following is a survey of the anthropological literature in English on the Palestinian ḥamūla, the extended family or clan, and Palestinian women’s lives in the West Bank. Both areas of the literature are in certain respects problematic; in particular, actors’ agency and women’s experiences are often overlooked. The article concludes by presenting the notion of social geography—a concept which looks at how the geographical location of neighbors, friends, and family, as well as ideas of relatedness, create ties and shape the way women practice and experience social relations. Recognizing the importance of social geography may provide a way of wedding these two areas of the literature and addressingsome of its gaps.
Desire and Denial: Sacred and Profane Spaces in ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Jawdat al-Saḥḥār's Novel "In the Caravan of Time"
Authors: Szyska Christian 
Published: March 2019

Throughout the 20th century contributions of Egyptian writers have been instrumental in the processes of mapping, or remapping, the world. Through their writings they have contributed to the production of rural, urban, and national spaces. This paper scrutinizes the narrated spaces in ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Jawdat al-Saḥḥār’s realist novel In the Caravan of Time. The study analyses the position of al-Saḥḥār’s work within Egyptian literary discourse. Drawing on anthropological theories, it shows how the novel’s protagonist experiences the negotiation of spaces and their boundaries during the transition to modernity. Furthermore the study demonstrates that this transition takes on the form of an initiation of which the underlying force is desire. It turns out that desire and its repression are essential factors which contribute both to the redefinition of the self and the Other and to the remapping of the world.
Religion, Identities, and Politics: Defining Muslim Discourses in the Nuba Mountains of the Sudan
Authors: Manger Leif Ole 
Published: March 2019

The author discusses the increased importance of Islam in religious and social life in the Sudan, exemplified by a discussion of the interplay between an indigenous, non-Arab, non-Islamized Sudanese people, the Lafofa Nuba, and their interaction with the Arab and Islamic traditions of Sudanese society at large. An understanding of this interaction will require types of analysis that deal with issues of belief as well as broader issues of identity management. People do not take over Islam as one unified system and in one process of conversion; rather they take up Muslim customs and practices that become symbols of such a conversion. The process of conversion must therefore be linked to the socio-economic and political status of the people involved. The author points out that theoretical contributions by Talal Asad on Islam as a “discursive tradition” and Robert Launay on Muslim communities as “moral communities” provide interesting avenues for exploring this complexity.
Individuality Lost, Fun Gained: Some Recurrent Motifs in Late Twentieth-Century Arabic and Turkish Novels
Authors: Guth Stephan 
Published: March 2019

Starting from an alternative description, based mainly on German literature, of what has come to be called ‘postmodernism’, the present study re-examines Arabic and Turkish novels from the 1980s and 1990s in the light of this description. It is argued that the descriptive categories developed on the basis of European texts also make sense for texts from the Middle East and North Africa, suggesting that the way life is perceived in these regions at the end of the twentieth century does not differ fundamentally from how it is experienced in a Western country − there is a global discursive community with similar outlooks on life on both sides, rather than a ‘clash of civilizations’. The alternative description also assigns many ‘postmodern’ features their place in a ‘structure of meaning’, which sheds some new light on the inner architecture of the period in question and on the function of the parts in a complementary whole.
From Theocracy to Democracy? Towards Secularisation and Individualisation in the Policy of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan
Authors: Roald Anne Sofie 
Published: March 2019

There is a common assumption that ‘Islam’ has an inherent opposition between the sacred and the secular which obstructs the secularisation process witnessed in western societies. This study argues that Weber’s notion of Protestant religion as a driving force in the rationalisation of society might be an indicator of how political Islam in itself in the end might lead to a differentiation between the religious and the secular sphere; an individualisation and a secularisation of the Islamic message and thereby to a privatisation of religion. The political experience of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan is analysed in view of western theories of secularisation, particularly Steve Bruce’s study on secularisation in British society. As Islamists work within the democratic system, there seems to be a transformation from being a radical organisation towards becoming ‘just another comfortable denomination’, as expressed in Bruce’s claim that ‘the sectarian project’ is ‘largely self-defeating’.
The Notion "Weapon" in Arabic Idioms
Authors: Torlakova Ludmila 
Published: March 2019

This study presents a group of Arabic idioms that have as at least one of their components a word denoting a weapon. Handling and using weapons together with exploring their potential is one of the primary experiences people have had. Thus it is worthwhile to investigate how ‘weaponry’ idioms contribute to expanding figuratively the world picture included in the realm of Arabic phraseology. Weaponry idioms are considered here within the framework of general cognitive linguistics and ‘conventional figurative language theory’ as developed by Dmitri Dobrovol’skij and Elisabeth Piirainen. An attempt is made to test whether this framework can accommodate semantic analysis of Arabic idioms containing the concept weapon. Selected phrasemes denoting situation and behavior are examined in order to look into their semantic structure and type of motivation. Since the majority of the idioms studied have been collected from dictionaries, an attempt is made to present a contemporary evaluation and assessment of their use in Modern Standard Arabic based on Internet sources.
Conscience in Arabic and the Semantic History of "Ḍamīr"
Authors: Leirvik Oddbjørn 
Published: March 2019

With regard to research on the notion of ḍamīr in the religious and philosophical works of some modern Muslim writers in Egypt, this article investigates the semantic history of the word. Classical Islamic usages are examined as well as medieval and modern Bible Arabic. The author finds that in the coining of ḍamīr as the preferred word for conscience in modern Arabic, Islamic and Christian impulses have interacted – with developments in Christian Arabic in the nineteenth century as a major influence.
"Nahḍa" Epistolography: al-Shartūnī’s "al-Shihāb" and the Western Art of Letter-Writing
Authors: Patel Abdulrazzak 
Published: March 2019

Letter-writing represents one of the most important modes of communication in Islamic and Western societies. Arabic manuals on epistolography and collections of model letters abound throughout the medieval period and continued to be written right up to modern times. The research to date, however, has tended to focus on works of the pre-modern periods which rooted in the Islamic tradition cater primarily for a Muslim audience. Little is known about manuals produced in the Arab nahḍa and it is not clear what factors might have influenced them. Moving into the largely uncharted territory of nahḍa letter-writing manuals, this article takes a detailed look at al-Shartūnī’s manual on epistolary theory and model letters, al-Shihāb al-thāqib. An analysis of this work reveals it as a significant attempt by al-Shartūnī to appropriate elements of the Western ars dictaminis (the art of letter-writing) into his manual for the benefit of an Arab-Christian audience in the nahḍa.
The Role of the Biographer in Constructing Identity and Doctrine: Al-ʿAbbādī and his "Kitāb Ṭabaqāt al-fuqahāʾ al-shāfiʿiyya"
Authors: Opwis Felicitas 
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the role of the biographer in compiling a biographical dictionary, focusing on al-ʿAbbādī’s (d. 458/1066) work on the Shāfiʿī ‘school’ of law. The paper argues that al-ʿAbbādī straddles a fine line of faithful transmission of school doctrines and artful arrangement of the materials in order to shape the identity, authority structures, and doctrines of the school according to his vision. To highlight al-ʿAbbādī’s role in constructing the identity and authority structures of the school the paper focuses on three areas: first, how al-ʿAbbādī lays out his vision of the school in the entry of the eponym of the school by delineating the areas of law that distinguish al-Shāfiʿī from other founders of schools of law; second, how al-ʿAbbādī deals with contradictory positions held among members of the school; third, how he gives the school of law also a theological identity (Ashʿarism) by discussing such topics as free will, the createdness of the Qurʾān, and the definition of faith (īmān). The paper details the author’s range of editorial hints and techniques of presentation that guide his audience to the ‘correct’ Shāfiʿī doctrine. It presents reasons why al-ʿAbbādī takes recourse to these measures and points to the effects of his presentation of school doctrines.
Notes on a Private Library in Fourth/Tenth-Century Baghdad
Authors: Osti Letizia 
Published: March 2019

Studies on medieval Arabic bibliophilia have mainly focussed on public and semi-public institutions, for some of which we have detailed information. Less is known about private libraries and their physical arrangement. This paper looks at the library of Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī (d. 335/947), which is described by the sources in unique terms, contextualising it with al-Ṣūlī’s own words on collecting and organizing books.
"Catching the Eel" - Documentary Evidence for Concepts of the Arabic Book in the Middle Period
Authors: Hirschler Konrad 
Published: March 2019

This article reflects on the concept of the ‘book’ in the Middle Period(fifth/eleventh to early tenth/sixteenth centuries). On the basis of a seventh/thirteenth-century library catalogue from Damascus it discusseshow contemporaries faced the challenge of defining what a book actuallywas. Focusing on the catalogue’s section on composite manuscripts(majāmīʿ) it suggests that this document’s writer employed two—ultimately irreconcilable—definitions of a book: the book as a discrete textual item (taking the title as the main criterion) and the book as defined by its physical shape. This writer’s cataloguing practices illustrate the fluid nature of the ‘book’ well beyond the Formative Period between the first/seventh and the fourth/tenth century.
La conception ğāḥiẓienne de l’"adab" d’après son épître "Ṣināʿāt al-quwwād"
Authors: Natij Salah 
Published: March 2019

Cet article est consacré à l’étude de la conception ğāḥiẓienne de l’adab. Notre objectif y est double : d’une part, tenter d’examiner la manière dont al-Ğāḥiẓ conçoit, définit et entend exercer la pensée de l’adab, et, d’autre part, mettre à contribution cette conception ğāḥiẓienne de l’adab pour enrichir notre compréhension du régime épistémique propre à la pensée de d’adab. Car, en effet, si al-Ğāḥiẓ fut et est encore considéré comme le plus grand représentant de l’adab, c’est parce qu’à travers le travail de son oeuvre, l’adab est venu à prendre conscience de lui-même à la fois comme concept et comme un champ de pensée constitué et possédant sa vision épistémique propre. Pour étayer cette hypothèse, nous tentons une reconstruction de la conception ğāḥiẓienne de l’adab en nous appuyant sur la présentation et l’analyse des vues et idées déve-loppées par al-Ğāḥiẓ dans son épître intitulée Risāla fī ṣināʿāt al-quwwād. This article is dedicated to the study of the ğāḥiẓian conception of adab. Our objective is twofold: on the one hand, we try to examine the way al-ğāḥiẓ conceives, defines, and intends to exercise an ‘adab way of thinking’; on the other hand, we will use the ğāḥiẓian conception of adab to enrich our understanding of the ‘epistemology of adab’. For, if al-ğāḥiẓ was and is still considered as the greatest representative of adab, it is because through his writings that adab became aware of itself both as a concept and as a system of thought, possessing its own epistemic vision. To support this hypothesis, we try to reconstruct the ğāḥiẓian conception of adab based on the presentation and the analysis of the views and ideas the author develops in his epistle entitled Risāla fī ṣināʿāt al-quwwād.Key words: Adab, Ṣināʿa, al-Jāḥiẓ / al-ğāḥiẓ, Adab thinking, Epistemology of adab, Adῑb vs. ṣāniʿ .
(b) Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ et la métrique arabe en Sicile entre le XIe et le XIIe siecle
Authors: Capezio Oriana 
Published: March 2019

Ibn al-Qaṭṭāʿ (d. 515/1121), well known for his anthology of the Sicilian poets, Kitāb al-Durra al-ḫaṭīra, spent his life between Sicily, Andalus and Egypt. In his Kitāb al-Bāriʿ he analysed the fifteen meters codified by al-Ḫalīl. The manuscripts of this work were widely disseminated and today are kept in libraries between Yemen and Andalus, thus showing its large diffusion. Kitāb al-Bāriʿ was conceived as a continuation of the oriental tradition and contributed to the formation of a scientific corpus in the Western part of the Muslim empire. Despite the absence of a Sicilian metrical school, his work fits into a larger tradition of that era’s metrical works. There are, however, some noteworthy differences that appear in the verses used as šawāhid, in the kitāba ʿarūḍiyya and in the graphic representation of the circles. Following my previous paper on Kitāb al-Bāriʿ, I would like to present in this contribution a case study on the ṭawīl metre.
Open-Top Light-Sheet Microscopy Image Atlas of Prostate Core Needle Biopsies
Authors: Reder Nicholas P. , Glaser Adam K. , McCarty Erin F. , Chen Ye , True Lawrence D. , Liu Jonathan T. C. 
Published: March 2019

Context.—Ex vivo microscopy encompasses a range of techniques to examine fresh or fixed tissue with microscopic resolution, eliminating the need to embed the tissue in paraffin or produce a glass slide. One such technique is light-sheet microscopy, which enables rapid 3D imaging. Our pathology-engineering collaboration has resulted in an open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscope that is specifically tailored to the needs of pathology practice.Objective.—To present an image atlas of OTLS images of prostate core needle biopsies.Design.—Core needle biopsies (N = 9) were obtained from fresh radical prostatectomy specimens. Each biopsy was fixed in formalin, dehydrated in ethanol, stained with TO-PRO3 and eosin, optically cleared, and imaged using OTLS microscopy. The biopsies were then processed, paraffin embedded, and sectioned. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 8 was performed.Results.—Benign and neoplastic histologic structures showed high fidelity between OTLS and traditional light microscopy. OTLS microscopy had no discernible effect on hematoxylin-eosin or immunohistochemical staining in this pilot study. The 3D histology information obtained using OTLS microscopy enabled new structural insights, including the observation of cribriform and well-formed gland morphologies within the same contiguous glandular structures, as well as the continuity of poorly formed glands with well-formed glands.Conclusions.—Three-dimensional OTLS microscopy images have a similar appearance to traditional hematoxylin-eosin histology images, with the added benefit of useful 3D structural information. Further studies are needed to continue to document the OTLS appearance of a wide range of tissues and to better understand 3D histologic structures.