bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National-level assessment of gestational carrier pregnancies in the United States
Authors: Masjedi Aaron D. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Erickson Katherine V. , Anderson Zachary S. , Matsuzaki Shinya , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Matsuo Koji , Paulson Richard J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess national trends, characteristics, and delivery outcomes associated with gestational carriers (GC) pregnancies.

Methods
This cross-sectional study queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample. The study population was 14,312,619 deliveries between 2017 and 2020. Obstetric characteristics and outcomes associated with GC pregnancies were assessed with inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score.

Results
There were 1965 GCs (13.7 per 100,000) included for national estimates. The prevalence rate of GC pregnancies increased by 55.0% over a 4-year period from 11.8 to 18.2 per 100,000 deliveries (P-trend < .001). In the weighted model, GCs were more likely to have a multiple gestation pregnancy (14.7% vs 1.8%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.54–9.38, P < .001), placental abruption (3.5% vs 1.1%, aOR 2.98, 95%CI 2.12–4.19), and low-lying placenta (1.6% vs 0.2%, aOR 5.14, 95%CI 3.10–8.52). Among singleton delivery, odds of late-preterm (10.8% vs 6.4%, aOR 1.79, 95%CI 1.44–2.23) and periviable (1.1% vs 0.4%, aOR 2.54, 95%CI 1.32–4.89) deliveries and postpartum hemorrhage (12.2% vs 4.1%, aOR 3.27, 95%CI 2.67–4.00) were increased for GC compared to non-GCs whereas odds of cesarean delivery (23.6% vs 31.6%, aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.51–0.69) were decreased. These associations were less robust in multi-fetal gestations.

Conclusion
The results of the current nationwide assessment suggest that GC pregnancies are rare but gradually increasing in the United States. This study shows that GC pregnancies have usually favorable pre-pregnancy patient characteristics compared to non-GC pregnancies, with mixed obstetric outcomes including increased odds of preterm delivery, placental abnormalities, and postpartum hemorrhage and decreased odds of cesarean delivery in singleton pregnancies.
Taphonomic Approach to the Interpretation of Isolated Human Skulls: Distinguishing Natural from Intentional Deposition
Authors: Bello Silvia M. , Crété Lucile 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe human cranium is probably the most common single anatomical element manipulated after the death of the individual. However, it is not uncommon to find isolated crania for which it is difficult to unequivocally determine the nature of the deposition, either intentional or natural. In order to establish whether naturally deposited and intentionally deposited skulls are characterised by different taphonomic patterns, we evaluated the state of preservation of 75 isolated crania (68 naturally deposited and 7 intentionally deposited) from sites in Africa, Europe, Near East and Asia, from approximately 2 million to 20,000 years BP. As a comparative reference, we evaluated the preservation pattern of further 101 skulls from individuals buried in primary deposition at two cemeteries. Finally, to determine whether the breakage pattern of skull-cups (skulls intentionally modified and manufactured into bowls) mimics a natural skull breakage, we analysed the preservation pattern of 19 skull-cups from archaeological and ethnographic contexts. Preservation and breakage patterns were evaluated using the Zonation method and the Landmark method. Results suggest that the intentionally deposited skulls have a pattern of preservation similar to the skulls found in cemeteries, and for both these categories, skulls were generally better preserved than naturally deposited skulls. The natural breakage pattern of isolated skulls also significantly differs from the breakage pattern of skulls modified into skull-cups, suggesting that it is unlikely that skull-cups were fashioned in a manner that imitates natural breakage patterns.
Modeling Marronage: GIS Heuristics of Refuge Affordances in Colonial St. Croix
Authors: Kohut Lauren E. , Wernke Steven A. , Dunnavant Justin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOn the Caribbean island of St. Croix, archival documents reference settlements of runaway enslaved Africans in the mountainous range known as Maroon Ridge. These settlements provide an important record of Afro-Atlantic resistance to enslavement. However, as both intentionally secluded and ephemeral places of refuge, these maroon settlements are difficult to locate in the archaeological record. Geospatial modeling provides one avenue for understanding African geographies of resistance. Building on prior geospatial modeling efforts, this paper uses a GIS-based multicriteria suitability analysis to characterize the shifting affordances of marronage on Danish colonial St. Croix across the second half of the eighteenth century. By considering how the island landscape “looked” to those seeking refuge, we trace how possibilities for refuge were distributed through space and over time. In this paper, we develop affordance heuristics to model refuge using digitized historic maps and publicly available LiDAR data. The resulting model suggests shifting maroon refugia sites over time and demonstrates how geospatial approaches, paired with historical archives, can model historic affordances across time.
Differential Effects of Itaconate and its Esters on the Glutathione and Glucose Metabolism of Cultured Primary Rat Astrocytes
Authors: Watermann Patrick , Kalsi Gurleen K. , Dringen Ralf , Arend Christian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Itaconate is produced as endogenous metabolite by decarboxylation of the citric acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate. As itaconate has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, this substance is considered as potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of inflammation in various diseases including traumatic brain injury and stroke. To test for potential adverse effects of itaconate on the viability and metabolism of brain cells, we investigated whether itaconate or its membrane permeable derivatives dimethyl itaconate (DI) and 4-octyl itaconate (OI) may affect the basal glucose and glutathione (GSH) metabolism of cultured primary astrocytes. Acute exposure of astrocytes to itaconate, DI or OI in concentrations of up to 300 µM for up to 6 h did not compromise cell viability. Of the tested substances, only OI stimulated aerobic glycolysis as shown by a time- and concentration-dependent increase in glucose-consumption and lactate release. None of the tested itaconates affected the pentose-phosphate pathway-dependent reduction of the water-soluble tetrazolium salt 1 (WST1). In contrast, both DI and OI, but not itaconate, depleted cellular GSH in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. For OI this depletion was accompanied by a matching increase in the extracellular GSH content that was completely prevented in the presence of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1)-inhibitor MK571, while in DI-treated cultures GSH was depleted both in cells and medium. These data suggest that OI stimulates Mrp1-mediated astrocytic GSH export, while DI reacts with GSH to a conjugate that is not detectable by the GSH assay applied. The data presented demonstrate that itaconate, DI and OI differ strongly in their effects on the GSH and glucose metabolism of cultured astrocytes. Such results should be considered in the context of the discussed potential use of such compounds as therapeutic agents.
Independent Political Networks: Comparing the Discussion Network Size and Composition of Partisans, Leaners, and Independents
Authors: Eveland William P. , Gee William 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMost prior U.S. political discussion research has failed to pay close attention to the networks of political independents, and to the differences between true partisans, leaners, and true independents. This is in direct contrast to the (appropriately) growing research attention paid to the decades-long rise in the proportion of independents and the decline of true partisans. This study presents representative U.S. survey data that compares political discussion frequency, network size, and the partisan composition of the discussion networks of partisans, leaners, and independents. After applying controls for ideological strength and political interest, we find that the three groups do not differ in discussion frequency or network size. However, there are meaningful differences across the groups in three different network composition measures, including partisan bias. We interpret our findings in the context of both applied measurement considerations and normative democratic expectations of partisan diversity within discussion networks.
Health-related quality of life and its association with socioeconomic status and mental health in 5- to 7-year-old children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Befus Eva-Grethe , Mølland Eirin , Helseth Sølvi , Westergren Thomas , Abildsnes Eirik , Hagen Milada , Nolte Sandra , Haraldstad Kristin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Assessing socioeconomic status (SES), mental health, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in young children is crucial for making informed health care decisions and identifying areas of intervention. The present study aimed to investigate potential associations between SES, mental health, and HRQoL in 5–7-year-old children.

Method
The present study included mother-reported health assessments for 621 children aged 5–7 years in Grade 1 collected between 2019 and 2023 as part of the Starting Right™ project. Online questionnaires were used to support public health nurses in assessing children’s health status. HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-27, 5 subscales) and mental health [Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), 4 subscales] were assessed. Sociodemographic characteristics, sex, maternal education, and income were obtained from Statistics Norway. The data were analyzed using multiple robust regression.

Results
Mother-reported mean scores for the KIDSCREEN-27 were within the normal range compared with European norms (8–11 years). However, for each KIDSCREEN-27 dimension, there were individuals whose mothers reported scores that were substantially lower than average. Having mental health problems, defined as being in the 80th and 90th percentiles of the SDQ Total problem score, was associated with 2.1–10.7-point lower KIDSCREEN-27 scores (p < 0.001–0.021), which was most noticeable in the KIDSCREEN-27 school environment subscale. Weak but significant positive associations were found between SES and HRQoL.

Conclusion
Our results provide important insights into the associations between SES, mental health, and HRQoL in young children. Given the strong association between mental health problems and HRQoL in Grade 1 children, the assessment of both is essential, so that early interventions, an improved caring environment, and nurturing support can be initiated.
Livelihood risks arising from urban river pollution in selected marginal communities in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: Onyima Blessing Nonye , Nwabueze Lydia Ngozichukwuka , Nnadozie Chika Felicitas , Omovoh Gift Ochonogor , Mmachaka Thandi , Omovoh Blessing Odafe , Arimoro Francis Ofurum , Uku Jude Edafe , Akamagwuna Frank Chuckwuzuoke , Onyima Gospel Ogochukwu , Odume Oghenekaro Nelson 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Urban river pollution has become a critical sustainability challenge worldwide. In the studies of urban river pollution, very little research focus has gone into understanding pollution effects on main river-dependent livelihoods among marginal communities in urban centres. In this study, using a context-specific risk framework, we identify and analyze (i) urban river-dependent livelihoods (ii) pathways to community exposure to urban river pollution (iii) effects and consequences on urban river-dependent livelihoods (iv) potential intervention strategies. The study uses knowledge co-production workshops, and ethnographic methods involving participant observations, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews as a means of generating the needed data. Our findings indicate that degraded urban rivers have had profound negative effects on river-dependent livelihoods such as food processing, poultry, livestock farming and the small-scale brick industries for construction. Further, urban river pollution has also led to livelihood-related conflicts over access to limited, good-quality water resources. Intervention strategies to improve livelihood resilience are suggested at the institutional, communal and livelihood levels. Institutional interventions include strengthening environmental laws compliance and enforcement, inter-agency collaborations and extending sanitation and urban planning to marginal communities in cities. Communal interventions are sensitization campaigns, enforced sanitation practices and calls for behavioural and attitudinal change. Livelihoods-linked interventions aim to reduce livelihood strategies’ contributions to river pollution. Such interventions include proper disposal of waste generated through livelihood strategies, and instituting practices that minimize run-off from wet industries.
Impacts of adding sucrose or trehalose to extenders with different glycerol concentrations on freezablility and fertility of buffalo bull semen
Authors: Khalil Wael A. , El-Deghaidy Ragaey M. , Sakr Abdelaziz M. , Swelum Ayman A. , Abdelnour Sameh A. , El-Harairy Mostafa A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the most suitable glycerol concentration (3 or 6%) and/or non-penetrating cryoprotectants (trehalose and sucrose) for the cryopreservation of buffalo semen, with the aim of enhancing the cryopreservation protocol. Semen of Egyptian buffalo were pooled and diluted with eight Tris extenders supplemented with either 6% glycerol (control group, GL6), 3% (low level, GL3), sucrose (SU, 50 mM), trehalose (TR, 50 mM), 6% glycerol together with 50 mM of sucrose (GL6SU) or 50 mM of trehalose (GL6TR), and 3% of glycerol together with 50 mM of sucrose (GL3SU) or 50 mM of trehalose (GL3TR), then frozen following the standard protocol. Findings indicated that GL3 extender resulted in the highest values of progressive motility, sperm kinematics, sperm membrane integrity, and viability of post-thawed semen (37 °C for 30 s). On the contrary, the Tris extender enriched only with SU and TR groups had the lowest values of sperm quality compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). All GL supplemented groups showed higher intact acrosome levels and lower detached acrosome and dead sperm with intact acrosome compared to those with TR and SU alone (p < 0.05). A significant increase in viable sperm was observed in the GL3, GL6, and GL3SU groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The Tris extender supplemented with low glycerol (3%) significantly reduced the levels of MDA. In the in vivo fertility trial, it was shown that the pregnancy rate was higher in the GL6SU group (72%) than in the GL3SU group (68%; p > 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that there is potential in using low glycerol (3%) as a cryoprotective agent in the medium for buffalo sperm cryopreservation without significant adverse effects compared to the addition of 6% glycerol. This study supported the sustainability of materials used in assisted reproductive technology by reducing the glycerol content in the freezing medium. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Competition-driven phenotypic plasticity in Iron acquisition and aromatic utilization confers a fitness advantage to Pseudomonas putida in an Iron-limited rhizospheric environment
Authors: Joshi Hiren , Khan Atif 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIron scarcity poses a critical challenge for rhizospheric bacteria like Pseudomonas putida in the competitive rhizosphere. Despite its dependence on iron for essential functions such as root colonization, motility, and aromatic compound utilization, P. putida exhibits limited capability for heterologous siderophore utilization and primarily relies on the secretion of a single siderophore, pyoverdine. This study investigates the mechanisms by which P. putida acquires iron in an iron-limited, aromatic-rich, rhizosphere-like environment. Our findings demonstrate that P. putida exhibits significant phenotypic plasticity, dynamically modulating pyoverdine secretion in response to competitive pressures and substrate availability. This adaptive strategy optimizes energy expenditure and iron acquisition, providing a competitive advantage. Comparative gene expression analysis supports these observations, revealing the molecular underpinnings of this plasticity. Enhanced pyoverdine production driven by competition compensates for the bacterium's limited siderophore repertoire and facilitates rapid aromatic compound utilization, conferring a distinct fitness advantage in iron-deprived conditions. This study elucidates the complex interplay between competition, iron uptake, and aromatic compound utilization that underpins the rhizospheric success of P. putida.
Hybrid TDR-MI Based Wireless Sensor Network for Underground Water Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Pressure Residuals and Classifiers
Authors: Vankdothu Ramdas , Bhukya Hanumanthu , Bhukya Raghu Ram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe pipeline leakage detection and leak localization trouble is a highly demanding and dangerous issue. Underground pipelines are critical for transporting enormous fluid volumes (e.g., water) across extended distances. Not only would solving this issue save the nation a great deal of money and resources, but it will also save the environment. However, because of the harsh climatic conditions below earth, current leak detection systems are not enough for monitoring subterranean pipelines. To address these issues, this study suggests a hybrid wireless sensor network for monitoring subterranean pipelines that is based on magnetic induction and time domain reflectometry (TDR). TDR is installed in this instance below a wireless sensor network that is based on MI. TDR significantly reduces the time needed for inspection while accurately locating the leak. Based on MI technology, we provide a wireless sensor network for inexpensive, real-time leak detection in subterranean pipelines. Through the integration of data from several sensor types located within and around subterranean pipes, MISE-PIPE detects leaks. Ad-hoc WSNs are employed in pressure measurement. (WDNs) is a popular subject that has drawn attention from scholars lately. Since leak localisation has a significant influence on the human population and the economy, time and accuracy are essential components. A broad leak localisation technique is proposed using statistical classifiers operating in the residual space. Classifiers are trained using leak data from every node in the network, accounting for demand uncertainty, noise from sensor preservatives, and leak size. After localising and identifying leaks, all monitoring data is sent to the CH using the K-means clustering technique, which performs two vital tasks: optimum clustering, extending the Network Lifetime, and maintaining Quality of Service. The K-Means technique is used to optimise the clustering process. The K-means clustering technique is used to transfer all monitoring data to the CH for the purpose of pipeline leak identification and localisation. Unlike the current underground pipeline monitoring system, our proposed Hybrid TDR-MI-based wireless sensor network allows precise real-time leak identification and localisation.
Performance measurement of unmanned aerial vehicles to suit industrial applications
Authors: Boshoff Marius , Barros Gustavo , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor the measurement and technical evaluation of industrial robots, a test procedure defined in ISO 9283 has existed for 25 years, with which the performance criteria of industrial robots relevant to users, e.g., path accuracy, pose accuracy, or position overshoot, can be measured. The specified test procedure and defined operating and environmental conditions are to be adhered to enable comparability of the tested robotic systems. In the production environment, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being utilized for tasks such as material transportation and surveillance. However, for these applications, which are currently the subject of considerable discussion, UAVs must also adhere to industrial standards regarding performance criteria. To ensure that these performance criteria are met across all manufacturers, a defined test procedure for UAVs is required in which all relevant performance criteria can be determined based on ISO 9283. This article will, therefore, first conduct the test procedure for a UAV under ISO 9283 and examine the transferability of the standard for performance measurement of UAVs in detail. However, evaluating the measurements suggests that the procedure defined in ISO 9283 is not fully transferable to UAVs as measurements do not fully cover the potential strengths or weaknesses of UAVs regarding the test procedure. The article concludes by discussing modifications to the test procedure and thus suggesting establishing a standardized procedure for UAVs. This procedure should enable the acquisition of performance criteria and might function as a safety benchmark before operating UAVs.
Deflating Predicativism Against the Small Clause Hypothesis for Proper Names
Authors: Kijania-Placek Katarzyna , Poller Olga 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, we challenge Matushansky’s (Linguistics and Philosophy,21, 573–627, 2008) small clause treatment of proper names in naming constructions. While she is widely credited with establishing, based on cross-linguistic evidence, that names should be viewed as predicates in naming constructions, we present a counterexample from Polish that questions the universal interpretation of the small clause hypothesis (SCH). This leads us to advocate for an alternative analysis of proper names in naming constructions, wherein they are considered components of the argument of a naming verb. We posit that this approach may have deflationist implications for predicativism concerning proper names, as it does not necessitate the existence of primitive name-predicates. We argue that there is no compelling positive evidence for the existence of predicative uses of names whose application conditions cannot be articulated using an equivalent phrase that quotes or mentions the name. Any apparent use of “Delia” as a predicate can be cast either (i) as not really a predicate, but rather an argument mentioning the name “Delia,” or (ii) as a genuine predicate, albeit one with an application condition defined by one of the well-established existing predicates, such as “individual called ‘Delia,’” where the name is mentioned. Predicative uses of names are thus dependent on the mention of names, and so there is a sense in which there are no primitive name-predicates.