bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Shoulder Abduction Angles in Dogs: An Ex Vivo Study of Accuracy and Repeatability
Authors: Jones Stephen C. , Howard James , Bertran Judith , Johnson Brittney , Pozzi Antonio , Litsky Alan S. , Wittum Thomas E. , Kieves Nina 
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and repeatability of the shoulder abduction test and to assess the effect of transection of the medial shoulder support structures in canine cadavers.
Materials and Methods The shoulder abduction angle was measured by three separate observers, both with the shoulder extended and at a neutral angle. Shoulder abduction was then measured, using craniocaudal fluoroscopic images. Arthroscopy was performed in all shoulder joints, with the medial support structures transected in one shoulder of each dog. The three observers again measured shoulder abduction angles in all dogs. Shoulder abduction was measured again using fluoroscopy. Accuracy and repeatability of the abduction test were assessed using linear mixed models.
Results All three observers had different measured abduction angles when compared with fluoroscopy (p < 0.01); however, the experienced surgeon had an error of only 2.9°. Inter-observer repeatability was poor, with all three observers having different abduction measurements (p < 0.001). Intra-observer repeatability, however, indicated no differences on repeated measurements (p = 0.26). Placing the shoulder at a neutral standing angle, and transection of support structures caused an average increase in abduction by 8.2° (p < 0.001) and 4.4° respectively.
Conclusion Significant variation exists between observers performing this test, increased accuracy seen in the more experienced observer. Shoulder flexion angle can significantly affect measured abduction angles.
Ion-to-ion amplification through an open-junction ionic diode
Authors: Lim Seung-Min , Yoo Hyunjae , Oh Min-Ah , Han Seok Hee , Lee Hae-Ryung , Chung Taek Dong , Joo Young-Chang , Sun Jeong-Yun 
Published: June 2019

Significance
For intimate communication between electrical devices and biological areas, signal transfer in human–machine interfaces has become an issue due to differences in signal carriers. Furthermore, as the amount of ions acquired from biological systems is very small, amplification of weak ionic signals is required for effective signal processing. Here, we report the signal amplification effect observed in a fully ionic device system. Through the modified design of polyelectrolyte gel-based ionic diodes, minute ionic signals can be directly injected into ionic devices and can also be amplified to a large amount of ions by generating additional ionic currents. Our findings will be applicable to engineering ion-based information processing devices, as well as achieving direct communication with biological signals.
The glucocorticoid receptor agonistic modulators CpdX and CpdX-D3 do not generate the debilitating effects of synthetic glucocorticoids
Authors: Hua Guoqiang , Zein Naimah , Paulen Laetitia , Chambon Pierre 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Despite their beneficial anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects, the clinical long-term administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) is limited by a number of severe side effects. During the last 20 y, several so-called selective GC receptor agonistic modulators (SEGRAMs) have been reported and claimed to be less debilitating than GCs while keeping their long-term beneficial anti-inflammatory properties. However, none of these possible SEGRAMs have been fully tested for undesirable detrimental effects that may occur upon long-term therapy in vivo. We now report that the anti-inflammatory compounds CpdX and CpdX-D3 as well as their enantiomers are bona fide “harmless” SEGRAMs as, upon 3-mo-long administration to mice, none of the known GC-induced debilitating side effects were observed.
Forecasting the EnvirOnmental Risk and the Outcome of the Impact of a Chemical Accident on the Environment
Authors: Zherlykina M N , Vorob’eva Y A , Jaremenko S A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe methodical approach to forecasting of ecological risk and the outcome of the impact of harmful substances on the environment is presented in the event of an accident at chemical enterprises. The application of these solutions in the design of industrial facilities will allow for the provision of measures and methods to prevent a potential threat with the establishment of the amount of permissible damage not exceeding environmental and socioeconomic standards. The risk assessment for the environment, the facility personnel and the population living in the nearest area is based on the methods of reliability theory, probability theory and mathematical statistics. Integration of the theory of reliability and mathematical statistics makes it possible to implement approaches to determine the quantitative assessment of the probability of implementing dangerous factors using the “event tree”. Quantitative assessment of the emission of harmful substances as a result of an accident at a hazardous facility suggests possible ways to achieve the maximum permissible value of their surface concentration. To make a rational decision, it is necessary to predict and assess the permissible risk of damage in case of accidents, in which case it can be concluded that the chosen purification method is effective.
Quantitative Estimation of the Emission of Harmful Substances in an Accident at a Chemically Hazardous Site
Authors: Zherlykina M N , Kononova M S , Garmonov K V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA methodological approach has been developed to quantify the amount emission harmful substances in an industrial accident. An algorithm for calculating the most probable, acceptable, safe for the environment the amount of harmful substance contained in the release in the event of an emergency at the facility. Adoption of an expedient solution is facilitated by an integrated approach based on determining the parameters of the operation of emergency ventilation and environmental protection measures. The prediction of the amount of harmful substances in the case of mass emissions at a chemically hazardous facility is based on determining the ratio of the height of emission sources, taking into account the differentiation of cleaning methods and their effectiveness.
Geotechnical and Hydrological Characteristics of Urbanized Areas in the Development of Activities for Water Object Rehabilitation (Samara)
Authors: Bukhman L M , Vasileva E L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe peculiarities and main problems of the urban systems, the most important element of which are water objects, have been described. Using the example of the park Voronezhskie ozera (Voronezh lakes) (Samara) located inside the residential area such consequences of a negative impact on the small water bodies in the city as the contamination of ponds, their shallowing and overgrowth have been shown. The main tasks for the ecological rehabilitation of the Voronezh lakes area have been specified and divided into groups. The first group of the tasks includes cleaning the pond basins and the general sanitation of the strand. The second is related to the problem of restoring the water content of ponds in the conditions of a decrease in the volumes of influent surface runoff. The third group of the tasks is aimed at restoring the ecological balance of the parkland. When solving these problems, it is supposed not to be limited to the analysis of the state of water bodies, but to make an integrated survey of the urbanized areas they are located in. The necessity of developing projects for cleaning small and middle-sized ponds taking into account a complex of geotechnical and hydrological characteristics has been substantiated. A complex of engineering surveys has been offered for drawing up the project of ecological rehabilitation of the ponds, including specified work activities. Based on the results of on-site surveys, a number of recommendations have been provided for clarifying the program for the integrated rehabilitation of water bodies in the urban areas.
The Use of Products Recycled from Municipal Waste in Sustainable Architecture
Authors: Iringová A , Vandličková D , Diviš M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Analysis of the use of products recycled from municipal and construction waste as a substitute of products from non-renewable sources. Current legislation on waste management in Slovakia. The process of manufacturing materials from recycled municipal waste and its environmental benefit to society. The products from recycled municipal and construction waste used in building constructions. Model verification of their application in building envelope construction. Their use as thermal, acoustic, and fire protection of wood-based buildings. Physical characteristics of model lightweight building envelopes assessed using mathematical and simulation solutions. Environmental comparison of a common solution for envelope construction with a solution using recycled waste products.
Building Information Modelling for Whole-Building LCA: BIM4LCA
Authors: Gomes V , Barros N N , Ruschel R C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Combining sustainable design strategies and building information modelling (BIM) can change traditional practices and efficiently lead to high-performance designs but is still impaired by deficient software interoperability. Automatic extraction is one of the most cited ways that BIM models can support environmental analyses. However, the reviewed literature does not confirm validation of such procedure by lifecycle assessment (LCA) experts and register incipient procedures to systematically increase implementation of BIM for LCA. This paper explores contributions offered by BIM to facilitate and improve whole building LCA to verify the hypotheses that (1) automatically extracting bills of materials from BIM models with level of development (LOD) 300 positively contributes to LCA processes (BIM+LCA); and (2) embedding environmental parameters and calculations directly into the model to extract calculated impacts instead of pure material quantities (BIM4LCA) can significantly enhance such contribution. We selected one case study to support analysing the variations between baseline (manual quantity survey from design documents) and BIM-supported automatic extraction of bill of materials, and the suitability of the model’s LOD to LCA purposes. Revit Architecture 2016 was used for modelling architectural, structural, plumbing and HVAC elements. We demonstrated that LOD 300-modelling is aligned to the accuracy level currently practiced in whole building LCA and that BIM models can indeed be prepared to facilitate LCA (BIM4LCA) through a low complexity, high effectiveness operational measure. This procedure provides reasonably quick feedback to support decision-making and enhance environmental performance of new building designs, until "Extraction, Transformation and Loading" (ETL) technologies or full interoperability become mainstream practice in the AECO industry.
Significant Sustainable Facilities Management (SFM) Practices in the Health Care (HC) Sector
Authors: Nazeer F S , Gunatilake S , Ramachandra T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Health Care (HC) is identified as one of the most polluting industries. HC is recognised as the second energy intensive sector emitting 8% out of total 40% of CO2. HC is also ranked among the top 4 sources in spreading harmful substances in affecting health and wellbeing of the society. Facilities Managers are identified to be in a unique position to manage the building’s operations and hence integrating sustainability in the current practice of Facilities Management (FM) in HC sector. However, identification of sustainable FM practices is challenging as FM practice differ in terms of facility type, building engineering system, organisation’s business sector and culture. In this regard, the paper investigates the significant FM services and practices in integrating sustainability in HC sector.
The study used a two round Delphi survey involving 10 experts who are specialised in FM and sustainable practices in the HC sector to identify the most significant FM services and sustainability practices. The results identified 8 FM services and 44 sustainability practices as significant. Building services (BS) was identified as the most significant FM service, whist practices such as “identifying applications for energy saving measures” and “ensure appropriate onsite, off-site storage, transport of wastes” were identified as the most important sustainability practices. The results of the study will be further carried forward to a questionnaire survey to rank and assign scores for each significant sustainability practices in order to develop an assessment framework to evaluate the SFM practice in HC sector.
Strategies for Simultaneous Embodied Energy and Operational Energy Reductions in Buildings during the Design Stage
Authors: Tennakoon G A , Waidyasekara A S , Ekanayake B J , Nazeer S F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the global energy consumption reaching unsustainable levels, the need for regulating energy consumptions has been emphasised. Hence a variety of methods are followed in different countries to minimise the impacts of embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE) in buildings. Considering either EE or OE in its individuality is not a pragmatic approach and it is important to consider means of reducing both EE and OE in parallel. The design stage was identified as the most suitable stage for integrating energy efficiency measures, since most crucial project decisions are taken at this stage. Although a multitude of research has been conducted on EE and OE individually, there seems a lack of research that focuses on both these aspects together. The extensive literature review was followed by 5 preliminary interviews with subject matter experts and then semi structured interviews with 12 experts were conducted. It was revealed that determining strategies for achieving simultaneous EE and OE reduction is difficult. The identified strategies to be implemented in the design stage were classified as material selection related, design approach related, building morphology related, procurement process related and other strategies, with a majority of strategies falling under the ‘procurement process’ category.
A Revolutionary Study Commons and University Library Extension, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Authors: Fung S M , Yuen T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Library Extension completed in 2012 featured a minimalist, sustainable, preservative and conservative design that cleverly integrates a love of nature with respect of history. It echoed with the University’s Campus Master Plan and demonstrated how development needs were balanced with preservation concerns. The iconic University Mall and Garden dating back to the 1960s were preserved with an innovative design to provide about 4,500 m2 of study area and car parking at basement level. The new extension thus maintained a similar height to the original library building and aligned to the iconic axis along the University Mall. The Mall Garden and Landscape were well preserved with skillful design of skylights under the existing pool. Garden features were surveyed and restored to their original appearances after the basement construction. The campus’ much loved house swifts, residing previously on the eaves, were also migrated to the south façade with the introduction of artificial nests. While Green Building design and renewable energy innovations were fully adopted to achieve the highest HKBEAM Platinum standard, the project has provided generous Learning and Research Commons with advanced IT infrastructure which promote causal interactions and knowledge transfer.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Operation of Czech Building Stock and Potential for Their Reduction
Authors: Lupíšek A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a study that modelled potential for savings of CO2 emissions from the Czech building stock in ten scenarios. Input data in scenarios were taken from analyses of energy saving potentials of Czech building stock from NGO Chance for Buildings. The results provided values of modelled CO2 emissions of the Czech building stock for each year in period 2016–2075. Cumulative data for periods 2015–2030, 2031–2050 and 2051–2075 were compared to the proposed national carbon budget coming from the UN Emissions Gap Report. The study estimated production of CO2 from Czech building stock in 2016 at 44.57 Mt, which represented share of 43% in the total national CO2 production. The scenario S5 in RCP 8.5 showed potential for annual reduction of CO2 emissions from current 44.57 to 15.29 Mt in 2075 (reduction by 66%). The needed reduction of CO2 emissions calculated from the global carbon budget for climatic goal 2° is much larger. It is very likely, that even the most stringent of the proposed energy saving scenarios would not be sufficient for the Czech building stock to comply with the Paris Agreement.
A Heat Demand Load Curve Model of the Swiss National Territory
Authors: Schneider S , Hollmuller P , Chambers J , Patel M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a bottom up model simulating the hourly heat demand load curve for space heating and domestic hot water production for Swiss buildings listed in the national building and dwelling register. The model was calibrated on the actual heat demand load curves of several building types and predicts the demand as function of external temperature and solar irradiation. In addition, it includes stochastic deviations to accurately reproduce the aggregated load of large building groups. Using a climatic database covering the whole Swiss territory, the model takes account of the diverse weather conditions and climate types. The aggregated simulated load curve is compared with the measurements from a large district heating network, demonstrating that key indicators such as peak load and ranked loads are very well reproduced. To disseminate the results, a GIS database was setup that estimates the aggregated heat demand load curve for any portion of the Swiss national territory. The proposed approach addresses the challenge of large territorial scale simulation using only limited information available on its building stock. The model can be easily adapted to generate load curves for other EU regions provided the required information is available for the building stock.
Material Efficiency of Housing in Times of Demographic Change – Evidence from Case Study Research into two German Municipalities
Authors: Blum A , Gutting R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Housing and construction have a significant impact on the consumption of resources of any society. At the same time, on all policy levels strategy documents towards sustainable development highlight the importance of improvements in resource efficiency. Against this background, this contribution presents results of research on the impact of demographic trends and changing user preferences on the use of resources within the housing sector with a focus on construction materials. The material intensity of different types of housing (in particular detached homes vs. apartment buildings) are quantified under different development scenarios drawn on the basis of two medium sized German case study municipalities showing declining and stagnating population development. Among other, the results indicate that the per capita stock of construction materials within the housing sector remains either stable or may even increase despite a falling population. With respect to alternative development scenarios, our results show, that under the condition of a stable or growing population a shift of housing supply from single-family (detached) homes towards a higher share of multi-unit residential buildings can contribute to a more efficient use of materials. An interesting option under the condition of a declining population is the conversion of a potentially growing number of vacant single-family homes into smaller multi-unit/multi-purpose residential buildings since it can help to avoid vacancy and keep otherwise wasted resources in use.
Periurban Urbanization and Travel Choice Behaviour: Problem or Solution?
Authors: Hermida M A , Astudillo D , León F 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn 21st century cities, an adequate urban design represents a great opportunity to reduce the number of trips and distances travelled. It is also known that improving city design and transportation networks could reduce carbon emissions more than replacing all fossil fuels with renewable energies. With this background, it seems fundamental to focus on the systemic relationship between urban forms and travel choices behaviours. In the case of the city of Cuenca (Ecuador,) in the last 5 years, more than 70 mono-functional urbanization and condos, many of them being gated-communities, have been built outside the urban limits. These form of urbanization is supported both by public and private promoters. Due to this situation, this research project seeks to determine the relationship between the location of these urbanizations and condos, with the travel choice behaviour of users. Geographic information systems, Q methodology, travel diaries and qualitative methods where used for data collection and spatial representation. Three discourses were found, people who preferred the proximity to nature and open spaces, other who gave more importance to efficient mobility and the last ones for whom security was the most important aspect. This work opens possibilities for further research on the importance of urban form for sustainable planning and mobility.
Measuring Livability at the Neighborhood Scale – Development of Indicators and Methods for the Comparison between Neighborhoods and Best Practice within the Chosen City
Authors: Chen H-H , Dietrich U 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A method that allows an assessment of the livability by comparing different neighborhoods with each other as well as with the best practice was developed in this paper. First of all, a set of 51 indicators comprising the categories of connectivity, traffic, public transportation and bicycle infrastructure, urban form, density, land use, open space coverage ratio, potential for PV, green roof and materials were defined. The values for these indicators were investigated for 36 neighborhoods in the city of Hamburg, Germany. Secondly, some neighborhoods were chosen as the most livable neighborhoods and the average of their results was used for indicating the best practice in Hamburg. This approach allows users to compare their chosen neighborhoods with the best practice of their own city. Thirdly, each absolute indicator value was transferred into a relative one, where 0 % represents the lowest found value and 100 % the highest one. Fourthly, each indicator was assigned with a character. If the smaller percentage the better, like percentage of buildings near a noisy street, this character is “S”. If the bigger percentage the better, like frequency of public travel, the character is “B”. If the closer to the best practice the better, like inhabitants per hectare, the character is “R”. Thus, the ideal neighborhood would show 0 % for character S, 100 % for B and the best practice for R. Finally, the results are presented in the radar charts in order to facilitate the comparison.