bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Lacerations in Different Genital Compartments and their Effect on Maternal Subjective Outcome: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kimmich Nina , Grauwiler Vera , Richter Anne , Zimmermann Roland , Kreft Martina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Introduction Lacerations are common in vaginal births, but little is known about tears other than perineal tears and their association with maternal impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of birth lacerations and their association with maternal discomfort.
Methods From 2/2015 to 12/2016, we conducted a prospective observational study on 140 women with singletons in vertex presentation at term, who gave birth vaginally in our center and were affected by a laceration. The lacerations were assigned objectively and subjectively to eight genital tract compartments. The presence and effect of lacerations on maternal health were assessed by questionnaires for the time before birth (T1), 1–4 days (T2), and 6–8 weeks postpartum (T3).
Results The number of affected compartments was 1.33 objectively and 2.99 at T2 and 1.27 at T3 subjectively. The most affected compartment was the right perineum (73%) followed by the right inner posterior (21%) and the right outer anterior (14%) compartment. Subjective and objective assessment concurred in 83% at T2 and 69% of cases at T3. Overall, impairment of women was low, reversible, and not directly associated with the location of lacerations, although women were psychologically affected.
Conclusion Birth lacerations predominantly appear at the right perineum. Physical impairment from these lacerations is generally low, reversible, and not directly associated with the location of lacerations, although psychological impairment is not negligible.
Der Frosch im Hals
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDie Ursachen für anhaltende Heiserkeit und häufiges Räuspern können unterschiedlich sein, zum Beispiel: Erkältung, Reflux oder ein Tumor. Wenn Heiserkeit länger als drei Wochen besteht, muss durch den HNO-Arzt eine Abklärung erfolgen, um Kehlkopfkrebs auszuschließen. Je nach Ursache der Heiserkeit können verschiedene Therapieansätze hilfreich sein: von Halswickeln über Injektionen bis hin zu einer osteopathischen Behandlung.
Periodontal Disease May be Associated With the Occurrence of Diabetic
Retinopathy: A Subgroup Analysis of The Survey of the Diabetes Coordination
Notebook in Gifu
Authors: Horikawa Yukio , Suzuki Akio , Enya Mayumi , Hashimoto Ken-ichi , Nishida Shohei , Kobayashi Ryo , Ohashi Tetsuya , Yamazaki Futoshi , Totani Rieko , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yamamoto Mayumi , Itoh Yoshinori , Takeda Jun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Aims A questionnaire survey of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy
was recently conducted in Japan. A subgroup analysis to examine the
association of periodontal disease with diabetic retinopathy in subjects
with diabetes and prediabetes was conducted.
Methods The association of the presence of periodontal disease with
the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy was examined using multivariate
logistic regression analysis.
Results Of 27 016 subjects who completed a survey at 217
community pharmacies, 5 572 had diabetes or prediabetes, among whom
522 and 1 421 had retinopathy or periodontal disease, respectively.
Therapy duration≥10 years (OR: 2.73, 95% CI:
2.17–3.43, P<0.001), periodontal disease (OR: 2.10,
95% CI: 1.68–2.62, P<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.32–2.04,
P<0.001) were significantly associated with the occurrence of
retinopathy, while retinopathy (OR: 2.11, 95% CI:
1.69–2.63, P<0.001) and therapy duration ≥10
years (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.46, P=0.007) were
significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease. The
prevalence of retinopathy was much higher in diabetic subjects with
periodontal disease than in those without it (15.1% vs.
7.8%, P<0.001). Notably, the difference of prevalence of
retinopathy between subjects with and without periodontal disease was
statistically significant even at HbA1c 6.0–6.9%
(15.2% vs. 7.3%, P<0.01).
Conclusions These findings indicate that the target HbA1c level for
diabetes patients with periodontal disease may be set lower than for those
without it, and that regular dental visits should be prescribed for the
management of periodontal disease and the prevention of diabetic
retinopathy.
Editorial
Authors: Schiller Udo 
Published: April 2019

Liebe kma-Leserinnen und kma-Leser,
rund 20 Millionen Deutsche müssen sich jedes Jahr auf eine sogenannte „Patient Journey“ begeben. Dieser Begriff steht heute für die verschiedenen Phasen, die ein Patient zwischen Anamnese, ambulanter Diagnostik, Krankenhauseinweisung, stationärer Behandlung, Entlassung und Reha durchläuft. Leider gerät das, was er dabei erlebt, allzu oft zur Odyssee. Denn nicht immer gelingt die Reise von einer Station zu nächsten reibungslos. Wenn die „Anschlüsse“ nicht perfekt aufeinander abgestimmt sind, muss der Patient seine Fahrt vorstationär, stationär und nachstationär immer wieder unterbrechen oder sogar neu beginnen.
MicroRNA-543 promotes cell invasion and impedes apoptosis in pituitary adenoma via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by negative regulation of Smad7
Authors: Shen Da-Wei , Li Yun-Long , Hou Yu-Jie , Xu Zhi-Dan , Li Yong-Zhe , Chang Jian-Yong 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Pituitary adenomas (PA) are commonly occurring benign neoplasms. Identification of molecular pathway resulting in pituitary tumorigenesis remains challenges in endocrine oncology. The present study was conducted with aim of investigating the role of microRNA-543 (miR-543) in PA development. Up-regulated miR-543 and downregulated Smad7 were observed in PA tissues. Afterwards, the specific mechanism of miR-543 and Smad7 in PA were determined with the use of ectopic expression, depletion and reporter assay experiments. Smad7 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-543. HP75 cells treated with overexpressed miR-543 exhibited increased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while decreased cell apoptosis as well as expression of Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved caspase-8 were observed. Suppression of miR-543 contributed to an opposite trend to the above findings. Based on the findings, the inhibition of miR-543 was found to play a tumor suppressive role in PA through the down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by negatively regulating Smad7.
Multidrug-resistant Organisms in Hospitals: What Is on Patient Hands and in Their Rooms?
Authors: Mody Lona , Washer Laraine L , Kaye Keith S , Gibson Kristen , Saint Sanjay , Reyes Katherine , Cassone Marco , Mantey Julia , Cao Jie , Altamimi Sarah , Perri Mary , Sax Hugo , Chopra Vineet , Zervos Marcus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of healthcare personnel hand contamination in multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) transmission is important and well studied; however, the role of patient hand contamination needs to be characterized further.MethodsPatients from 2 hospitals in southeast Michigan were recruited within 24 hours of arrival to their room and followed prospectively using microbial surveillance of nares, dominant hand, and 6 high-touch environmental surfaces. Sampling was performed on admission, days 3 and 7, and weekly until discharge. Paired samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from the patients’ hand and room surfaces were evaluated for relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, and Panton-Valentine leukocidin typing.ResultsA total of 399 patients (mean age, 60.8 years; 49% male) were enrolled and followed for 710 visits. Fourteen percent (n = 56/399) of patients were colonized with an MDRO at baseline; 10% (40/399) had an MDRO on their hands. Twenty-nine percent of rooms harbored an MDRO. Six percent (14/225 patients with at least 2 visits) newly acquired an MDRO on their hands during their stay. New MDRO acquisition in patients occurred at a rate of 24.6/1000 patient-days, and in rooms at a rate of 58.6/1000 patient-days. Typing demonstrated a high correlation between MRSA on patient hands and room surfaces.ConclusionsOur data suggest that patient hand contamination with MDROs is common and correlates with contamination on high-touch room surfaces. Patient hand hygiene protocols should be considered to reduce transmission of pathogens and healthcare-associated infections.
‘Out of All That Is Alive and Felt’: The Austrian Werkbund and the Design of Social Democracy
Authors: Rahman Sabrina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the interior designs of the Austrian Werkbund in the context of political designs for social democracy, focussing particularly on the 1932 Werkbundsiedlung as a site of aesthetic and cultural inclusion. By embracing the vernacular idioms of Central and Eastern European folk art, the Historicist style associated with nineteenth-century Austrian imperialism and the innovations of modern technology, the Werkbund represented an attempt to come to terms with the cultural legacy of the empire and to define the future of the Austrian state. In doing so, a comfortable, decidedly sentimental approach to design came to function as a site of encounter between history and ethnicity, offering a visual continuity between pre-1918 imperial Vienna and inter-war Red Vienna. Werkbund designers such as Josef Frank, Paul Fischel, Heinrich Kulka, Adolf Loos, Heinz Siller and Oskar Wlach were thus well positioned to contribute to the programme of eclectic decoration that was sponsored by the social democratic welfare initiatives of 1920s and 1930s Vienna.
Strategic Autocracy: American Military Forces and Regime Type
Authors: Stravers Andrew , Kurd Dana El 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
What effect do American military forces have on domestic regimes where they are hosted? America's unparalleled global position is well studied, but less attention has been paid to the effect of its global military presence on governance. We argue that American forces have an autocratizing effect on host nations in strategically valuable regions. In ambiguous or unfavorable information environments, the key driver of American policy is the strategic value of the location to American interests. American and host interests align in these cases, supporting regime survival where the location is critical to the United States and its global system of trade and military preeminence. This alignment produces increasing autocracy rather than simple regime stability. We test this hypothesis with data of American force deployments since 1950 and illustrate the causal mechanisms with case study analysis.
US Dominance in International Relations and Security Scholarship in Leading Journals
Authors: Hendrix Cullen S , Vreede Jon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the factors that affect scholarly attention on particular countries in four major international relations (IR) journals: International Studies Quarterly, International Organization, International Security, and World Politics for the period 1970 to the present. The analysis supports three basic conclusions. First, the United States receives the most scholarly attention in leading IR journals by a large margin. Second, a baseline model of scholarly attention, including just population, gross domestic product (GDP), and a dummy for the United States fits the data rather well. Additional factors such as membership in prominent international organizations or involvement in armed conflicts improve model fit, but only marginally, with little evidence of regional or English-language bias. And third, there is only weak evidence that countries with stronger economic and security linkages with the United States receive more attention. However, Israel and Taiwan—two countries with unique security relationships with the United States—receive more scholarly attention than either the baseline or augmented models would predict. Our analysis of bibliometric data from leading IR journals indicates the United States is the three-hundred-thousand-pound blue whale of IR scholarship. However, this emphasis is not particularly outsized when its large population, economy, and its extensive history of participation in interstate wars are taken into account.
Temperature and density dependent cooling function for H2 with updated H2/H collisional rates
Authors: Coppola Carla Maria , Lique François , Mazzia Francesca , Esposito Fabrizio , Kazandjian Mher V 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The energy transfer among the components in a gas determines its fate. Especially at low temperatures, inelastic collisions drive the cooling and the heating mechanisms. In the early Universe as well as in zero- or low-metallicity environments the major contribution comes from the collisions among atomic and molecular hydrogen, also in its deuterated version. This work shows some updated calculations of the H2 cooling function based on novel collisional data which explicitly take into account the reactive pathway at low temperatures. Deviations from previous calculations are discussed and a multivariate data analysis is performed to provide a fit depending on both the gas temperature and the density of the gas.
The First Movement of Mahler’s Tenth Symphony and the “Burden” of Romantic Form
Authors: Hogrefe Eric 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies of post-Classical form must inevitably contend with the issue of how eighteenth-century practices retain relevance in later repertory. This article offers a framework for considering musical form and historical distance around the beginning of the twentieth century. Following historian Hayden White, I analyze the first movement of Mahler’s Tenth Symphony as an example of formal troping. Mahler’s movement is shown to enact a conflict between metaphor and metonymy in its treatment of Adagio practice and sonata form. In portraying Mahler’s form tropologically, this article emphasizes the role of historical distance within Mahler’s formal imagination.
Sex Differences in the Reward-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine on Ethanol Reinforcement: A Reinforcer Demand Analysis
Authors: Barrett Scott T , Thompson Brady M , Emory Jessica R , Larsen Chris E , Pittenger Steven T , Harris Edward N , Bevins Rick A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Alcohol is often consumed with tobacco, and dependence to alcohol and tobacco are highly comorbid. In addition, there are differences in the prevalence of nicotine- and alcohol-abuse between the sexes. Nicotine produces enhancing effects on the value of other reinforcers, which may extend to alcohol.

Methods
Male and female Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 15% ethanol solution in 30-minute sessions. Once ethanol self-administration was established, demand for ethanol was evaluated using an exponential reinforcer demand method, in which the response cost per reinforcer delivery was systematically increased over blocks of several sessions. Within each cost condition, rats were preinjected with nicotine (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg base, SC) or saline 5 minutes before self-administration sessions. The effects of nicotine dose and biological sex were evaluated using the estimates generated by the reinforcer demand model.

Results
Under saline conditions, males showed greater sensitivity to ethanol reinforcement than females. Nicotine enhanced the reinforcement value of alcohol and this varied with sex. In both sexes, 0.4 mg/kg nicotine decreased intensity of ethanol demand. However, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg nicotine decreased elasticity of ethanol demand in females, but not in males.

Conclusions
Nicotine enhances ethanol reinforcement, which may partially drive comorbidity between nicotine-abuse and alcohol-abuse. Males showed signs of greater ethanol reinforcement value than females under saline conditions, and nicotine attenuated this effect by increasing ethanol reinforcement value in the females. These findings highlight that a complete understanding of alcohol-abuse must include a thorough study of alcohol use in the context of other drug use, including nicotine.

Implications
Nicotine dose dependently enhances the alcohol reinforcement value in a manner that is clearly influenced by biological sex. Under saline baseline conditions, males show lower elasticity of demand for alcohol reinforcement than females, indicative of greater reinforcement value. However, nicotine attenuated this difference by enhancing alcohol reward in the females. Specifically, low-to-moderate doses (0.05–0.2 mg/kg) of nicotine decreased elasticity of alcohol demand in female rats, increasing the perseverance of their alcohol taking behavior. These data indicate that the well-documented reward-enhancing effects of nicotine on sensory reinforcement extend to alcohol reinforcement and that these vary with biological sex.
EFFECT ON MICROBIAL PRODUCTS ON CAESIUM ELUTION BEHAVIOUR FROM CLAY MINERALS
Authors: Kimura T , Fukutani S , Yamaji K , Ikegami M , Yoneda M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Some microorganisms in the environment make siderophores, which are low molecular chelators, to take up minerals from soil. Eleven bacteria were separated from the root of white clover by chlome azrol S (CAS) assay. Each bacterium was incubated in casamino acid (CAA) culture, and siderophores in CAA culture were purified. These extractions were applied to biotite or vermiculite spiked with Cs. From each clay mineral, 57.1–72.8% (5100 ppm), 55.6–63.8% (920 ppm) and 48.6–54.3% (2300 ppm), 31.6–34.4% (520 ppm) was eluted, respectively. To understand elution behaviour, Cs desorption ratio of each clay was measured every 30 min. The results indicate Cs elution was occurred quickly.
DETERMINATION OF GUT BACTERIAL METABOLITES IN RADIATION EXPOSED MICE
Authors: Sakamoto Yamato , Tsujiguchi Takakiyo , Ito Koichi , Yamanouchi Kanako 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gut microflora (GM) impacts human health in various ways, both beneficial and detrimental. Recently, it has attracted attention for its application in treatment, as protective agents, and as biomarkers in radiation exposure. In this study, we focused on organic acids that have not yet been reported to be related to radiation exposure; we measured the pH and organic acid content in the faeces of 0, 2, 4 and 8 Gy-irradiated mice. A common trend of fluctuation of some organic acids was observed in each group, suggesting a correlation between radiation exposure and organic acid fluctuation. Lactate fluctuation was similar between 0 and 2 Gy-, and 4 and 8 Gy-irradiated mice. Based on this finding, we suggest that lactate may also be an organic acid that is greatly affected by irradiation.
Whole-Genome Analyses Resolve the Phylogeny of Flightless Birds (Palaeognathae) in the Presence of an Empirical Anomaly Zone
Authors: Cloutier Alison , Sackton Timothy B , Grayson Phil , Clamp Michele , Baker Allan J , Edwards Scott V 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPalaeognathae represent one of the two basal lineages in modern birds, and comprise the volant (flighted) tinamous and the flightless ratites. Resolving palaeognath phylogenetic relationships has historically proved difficult, and short internal branches separating major palaeognath lineages in previous molecular phylogenies suggest that extensive incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) might have accompanied a rapid ancient divergence. Here, we investigate palaeognath relationships using genome-wide data sets of three types of noncoding nuclear markers, together totaling 20,850 loci and over 41 million base pairs of aligned sequence data. We recover a fully resolved topology placing rheas as the sister to kiwi and emu + cassowary that is congruent across marker types for two species tree methods (MP-EST and ASTRAL-II). This topology is corroborated by patterns of insertions for 4274 CR1 retroelements identified from multispecies whole-genome screening, and is robustly supported by phylogenomic subsampling analyses, with MP-EST demonstrating particularly consistent performance across subsampling replicates as compared to ASTRAL. In contrast, analyses of concatenated data supermatrices recover rheas as the sister to all other nonostrich palaeognaths, an alternative that lacks retroelement support and shows inconsistent behavior under subsampling approaches. While statistically supporting the species tree topology, conflicting patterns of retroelement insertions also occur and imply high amounts of ILS across short successive internal branches, consistent with observed patterns of gene tree heterogeneity. Coalescent simulations and topology tests indicate that the majority of observed topological incongruence among gene trees is consistent with coalescent variation rather than arising from gene tree estimation error alone, and estimated branch lengths for short successive internodes in the inferred species tree fall within the theoretical range encompassing the anomaly zone. Distributions of empirical gene trees confirm that the most common gene tree topology for each marker type differs from the species tree, signifying the existence of an empirical anomaly zone in palaeognaths.
The Origins and Diversification of the Exceptionally Rich Gemsnakes (Colubroidea: Lamprophiidae: Pseudoxyrhophiinae) in Madagascar
Authors: Burbrink Frank T , Ruane Sara , Kuhn Arianna , Rabibisoa Nirhy , Randriamahatantsoa Bernard , Raselimanana Achille P , Andrianarimalala Mamy S M , Cadle John E , Lemmon Alan R , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Nussbaum Ronald A , Jones Leonard N , Pearson Richard , Raxworthy Christopher J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProcesses leading to spectacular diversity of both form and species on islands have been well-documented under island biogeography theory, where distance from source and island size are key factors determining immigration and extinction resistance. But far less understood are the processes governing in situ diversification on the world’s mega islands, where large and isolated land masses produced morphologically distinct radiations from related taxa on continental regions. Madagascar has long been recognized as a natural laboratory due to its isolation, lack of influence from adjacent continents, and diversification of spectacular vertebrate radiations. However, only a handful of studies have examined rate shifts of in situ diversification for this island. Here, we examine rates of diversification in the Malagasy snakes of the family Pseudoxyrhophiinae (gemsnakes) to understand if rates of speciation were initially high, enhanced by diversification into distinct biomes, and associated with key dentition traits. Using a genomic sequence-capture data set for 366 samples, we determine that all previously described and newly discovered species are delimitable and therefore useful candidates for understanding diversification trajectories through time. Our analysis detected no shifts in diversification rate between clades or changes in biome or dentition type. Remarkably, we demonstrate that rates of diversification of the gemsnake radiation, which originated in Madagascar during the early Miocene, remained steady throughout the Neogene. However, we do detect a significant slowdown in diversification during the Pleistocene. We also comment on the apparent paradox where most living species originated in the Pleistocene, despite diversification rates being substantially higher during the earlier 15 myr.