bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the mechanical properties of the polymer orthodontic bracket materials with the conventional orthodontic bracket materials: A systematic review
Authors: Ramasundaram Srinidhi , Srinivasan Dilip , Ravi K. , Devasahayam Davis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of the polymer brackets with metal and ceramic brackets and verify if the polymer brackets could be used clinically.

Materials and Methods:
A thorough search was conducted in four electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, and Lilacs, with article selection based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis standards. A computerized search of the database was done from January 1990 to June 2024. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction, and synthesis. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. The risk of bias was assessed by the quality assessment tool for in vitro studies (QUIN tool). The outcomes measured included permanent deformation, hardness, and torquing capacity.

Results:
Ten studies were selected after excluding duplicates, screening, and complete text reading to identify the articles that met the eligibility criteria. All ten studies showed medium risk based on the quality assessment tool for in vitro studies (QUIN Tool).

Conclusion:
The following findings were obtained: Polymer brackets have lower mechanical properties in terms of torque loss, fracture resistance, hardness, and torsional creep compared to metal brackets. Among the polymers listed in the studies, it was found that polyamide exhibited low hardness and polyoxymethylene exhibited the highest torque loss. Torque deformation was highest with a ceramic-reinforced polymer bracket, followed by pure polymer. Torque deformation was minimal with metal slot- and ceramic-reinforced polymers, followed by metal slot-reinforced polymers.
Comparative Evaluation of Ozone Water and Glutaraldehyde on Surface Detail Reproduction of Vinyl Polyether Silicone Impression Materials at Different Time Intervals
Authors: Shankar Kriti , Dandekeri Savita , Shetty Rajesh , Fernandes Kevin , Shetty Sanath Kumar , Ragher Mallikarjuna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the impact of chemical disinfection using ozone water and glutaraldehyde on the surface detail reproduction (SDR) of vinyl polyether silicone (VPES) impression material at different time intervals.

Methodology:
VPES impressions were categorized into light-body and heavy-body groups and further divided based on the disinfectant used (ozone water or glutaraldehyde) and the time interval of disinfection (T1: 15 minutes and T2: 24 hours). A total of 80 impressions (40 light-body and 40 heavy-body) were prepared and subjected to the respective disinfection protocols. The SDR was evaluated using a standard scoring system to determine the quality of detail reproduction.

Results:
Ozone water demonstrated superior performance in preserving surface detail compared to glutaraldehyde at both T1 and T2 for both light-body VPES and heavy-body VPES. Light-body VPES showed better SDR scores compared to heavy-body VPES across all conditions. Specifically, for light-body VPES, the mean SDR scores at T1 were significantly better for ozone water compared to glutaraldehyde (mean scores: 1.00 vs. 1.27, P = 0.046). For heavy-body VPES, ozone water also performed better at T1 compared to glutaraldehyde (mean scores: 1.27 vs. 1.67, P = 0.034). Disinfection at T1 resulted in better SDR scores compared to T2 for both light-body VPES and heavy-body VPES.

Conclusion:
Ozone water is a more effective disinfectant than glutaraldehyde for preserving the surface detail of VPES impressions, especially when disinfection is conducted for a shorter duration (15 minutes).
The level of IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, and MMP-13 in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients
Authors: Dhari Abrar Kareem , Abed Ali Mohammed , Abed Suha Maher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a dermatological condition that arises due to the presence of protozoan parasites. The disease disproportionately impacts those residing in economically disadvantaged regions and is closely linked to factors such as inadequate nutrition, population displacement, substandard living conditions, and compromised immune systems.

Objectives:
Investigating the most important immunological changes associated with infection in patients with CL by measuring the levels of some cellular kinetics interleukins-12 (IL-12), IL-10, IL-4, and human matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13).

Materials and Methods:
This study involved a sample that included 90 individuals, comprising 20 control subjects and 70 patients diagnosed with CL. The age distribution of the participants in the study spanned from 3 months to 65 years, encompassing individuals of both genders. The sample consisted of 50 females and 40 males. The amounts of IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, and MMP-13 were quantified via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test.

Results:
The current study showed a significant increase in the level of IL-12 in patients with CL (461.5 ± 14.8) compared to the control group (321.6 ± 57.9) at probability 0.05, whereas non-significant differences in levels of IL-10 and MMP-13 in patients with CL (143.5 ± 6.8) (5.7 ± 0.2) compared with the control group (198.0 ± 35.2) (6.9 ± 0.6) at P ≤ 0.05, respectively. As well as a highly significant decrease in the level of IL-4 in patients with CL (15.5 ± 1.5) compared to the control group (46.3 ± 5.7) at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion:
There was an increasing serum of IL-12 and decreased IL-4 in patients with CL compared with control, while non-significant decreases in the level of MMP-13 and IL-10 between patients with CL and control.
Measurement of Apelin as a Biomarker and Its Relationship to Cystatin C, Copeptin, and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Serum of Patients with Acute Kidney Injury in Mosul City, Iraq
Authors: Majeed Anwar S. , Mustafa Layla A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
There is a need for early and accurate diagnosis of acute kidney injury, as high levels of cystatin C, copeptin, and low apelin levels in serum can provide an early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in patients.

Objectives:
To measure the level of apelin as a biomarker in the blood serum of both control and acute kidney injury groups, and to find its relationship with each of cystatin C, copeptin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate of both groups.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 232 blood samples collected from males and females, 108 from control subjects and 124 from patients with acute kidney injury, aged between 35 and 56 years.

Results:
Serum apelin (pg/mL) levels decreased in the blood serum of the acute kidney injury patients group, increased both cystatin C and copeptin, and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
The results showed that serum apelin levels decreased in the blood serum of the acute kidney injury group, corresponding to an increase in the level of both cystatin C and copeptin levels and a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate compared to the control group, which indicates the possibility that apelin is a strong predictive biomarker for acute kidney injury, and it can play a good preventive and therapeutic role in the future.
Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. from Water Samples in Mosul City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Jarjary Senaa Abdullah Ali , Hasan Manal H. , Hussain Basila Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Protozoan parasites are significant in waterborne parasitic diseases because they are resistant to common disinfection methods and have stable cystic phases in the environment.

Objectives:
The present study aimed to investigate protozoan parasites in water samples collected from different regions that collect rainwater.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 water samples were collected from different regions in Mosul City, Iraq, from November 2019 to the end of March 2020. After sample collection, the water samples were examined to investigate oocysts or cysts of protozoan parasites using direct wet smear, Sheather’s sugar solution, and the Modified Ziehle–Nelseen stain method.

Results:
The results showed that 43.3% of the samples examined were infected with protozoan parasites, and the detected parasites were found in different ratios across the various regions. Were high percentage was 65.5% Al-Kossiat region and the low percentage was 20% in the Ajaamea region.

Conclusion:
This study recorded the high number of (oo)cysts of these protozoan parasites in water samples at a percentage (58.4%).
Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Human Cytomegalovirus among Hemodialysis Patients in Kirkuk/Iraq
Authors: Ihsan Eman Ammar , Mohammed Lezan Medhat , Ali Waleed Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus and is usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals. CMV has a worldwide distribution, infecting about 40% to 90% of adults, leading to lifelong latent infection. Hemodialysis patients’ weakened immune systems have long been known to contribute to greater prevalence rates of viral infections like CMV.

Objectives:
The purpose of the current study was to estimate the rate of prevalence of human CMV among patients with hemodialysis and also to detect CMV in its acute phase.

Materials and Methods:
About 50 men and 41 women, all receiving hemodialysis treatment at Kirkuk General Hospital and 50 apparently healthy individuals as the control group, were included in the current study. This study was carried out during the period November 2022 to March 2023. Participants’ sera were examined for the presence of CMV-IgM and CMV-IgG antibodies, as well as DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
While CMV-IgM was only discovered in 5.5% of hemodialysis patients, CMV-IgG was found in 50.5% of them. Only 4% of hemodialysis patients had CMV DNA found. In contrast to females, males had a higher likelihood of having CMV-IgM (60% vs. 40%) and CMV-IgG (55.7% vs. 32.7%, respectively). The highest CMV prevalence was found in older patients, which is related to their weakened immune systems.

Conclusion:
Detection and prevalence of CMV IgG was greater in HD patients than that of CMV IgM. Patients exposed to CMV during dialysis may cause virus reactivation by immunosuppression and inflammation, suggesting that screening patients is necessary to avoid complications like kidney transplant rejection. As a result, PCR can detect extremely small amounts of DNA, it has a high detection rate in the early stages of CMV infection.
Free Banach lattices
Authors: Oikhberg Timur , Taylor Mitchell A. , Tradacete Pedro , Troitsky Vladimir G. 
Published: November 2024

We investigate the structure of the free

p

-convex Banach lattice

{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}[E]

over a Banach space

E

. After recalling why such a free lattice exists, and giving a convenient functional representation of it, we focus our study on how properties of an operator

T:E\rightarrow F

between Banach spaces transfer to the associated lattice homomorphism

\bar{T}:{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}[E]\rightarrow{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}[F]

. Particular consideration is devoted to the case when the operator

T

is an isomorphic embedding, which leads us to examine extension properties of operators into

\ell_{p}

, and several classical Banach space properties such as being a G.T. space. A detailed investigation of basic sequences and sublattices of free Banach lattices is provided. Among other things, this allows us to settle an a priori unrelated question, providing the first instance of a subspace of a Banach lattice without bibasic sequences. In addition, we begin to build a dictionary between Banach space properties of

E

and Banach lattice properties of

{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}[E]

. In particular, we characterize the existence of lattice copies of

\ell_{1}

in

{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}[E]

and show that

\mathrm{FBL}[E]

has an upper

p

-estimate if and only if

\textup{id}_{E^*}

is

(q,1)

-summing (

{1}/{p}+{1}/{q}=1

). We also highlight the significant differences between

{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}

-spaces depending on whether

p

is finite or infinite. For example, we show that

\mathrm{FBL}^{(\infty)}[E]

is lattice isometric to

\mathrm{FBL}^{(\infty)}[F]

whenever

E

and

F

have monotone finite-dimensional decompositions, while, on the other hand, when

p<\infty

and

E^{*}

is smooth,

{\mathrm{FBL}}^{(p)}[E]

determines

E

isometrically.
Assessment of Municipal Waste Water of Duhok District and Its Usefulness for Irrigation
Authors: Dawud Kurdistan I. , Abdi Sarbast I. , Umer Mustafa I. 
Published: November 2024

Nowadays there is a water crisis, farmers usually use wastewater and well water for agricultural cultivation. A pot experiment was used to investigate the influence of Duhok municipal wastewater for irrigation of broccoli plants of the genus (Brassica oleracea var. Italica (Broccoli) as compared to fresh water on broccoli parts and morphology of the plant. Municipal wastewater can be a rich source of necessary nutrients for plant growth when used as irrigation water. In this investigation, the municipal wastewater was preserved in plastic bottles taken from sewage sludge called (Hishkero) river, while the utilized soil got around the Misuriké district under a loamy soil texture class. The result showed that the broccoli plant was significantly affected by wastewater compared to freshwater in increasing potassium, lead, and copper (1.92 ± 0.05 % ), (1.70 ± 0.05 %), (0.66 ± 0.02 mg/kg-1), (0.56 ± 0.02 mg/kg-1), (0.23 ± 0.03 mg/kg-1), (0.05 ± 0.03 mg/kg-1) respectively. While the broccoli plant for macro-nutrient accumulation (NPK) was significantly accumulated in shoot and head more than roots (1.45 ± 0.04 %), (1.41 ± 0.04 %), (0.24 ± 0.03 %), (0.33 ± 0.03 %), (2.17 ± 0.07 %), (2.11 ± 0.07 %) respectively. In conclusion, the nutrient content in broccoli was improved by wastewater as it has high nutrient contents with permissible levels of hazardous heavy metals of as lead and cadmium especially in the eaten part.
Makna Teologis Busana Liturgis dalam Gereja
Authors: Punda Panda Herman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract: De facto liturgical vestments are an integral part of the liturgical ministry in the churches. However, there are differences in understanding and interpreting the history which has been developed after the apostles' time. In terms of the use of liturgical clothing, each church has a unique perspective and practice, although there are a number of elements in common. Through the study of the literature on liturgical vestments, the author discusses the development of these garments, both the various types that have existed and those that are currently used in churches. The author analyzes past events related to the origin, development, and theological understanding of the subject to understand the peculiarities of how they are viewed today. In addition, the author also makes a comparison of the use of liturgical clothing from different ecclesiastical contexts. This research shows that the different attitudes towards liturgical vestments are closely related to the different understandings of the priesthood. Churches which maintain the doctrine of in persona Christi in ordained ministers tend to maintain the majesty of the liturgical vestments of the medieval heritage. On the other hand, churches that do not accept this doctrine use minimalistic liturgical clothing and even consider it optional. In this case, Luther's adiaphora principle is quite influential in the freedom to use or not to use liturgical clothing. Abstrak: Busana liturgis, de facto, merupakan bagian integral dari pelayanan liturgi dalam gereja-gereja. Walaupun demikian, terdapat perbedaan dalam memahami dan menafsirkan sejarah yang berkembang sesudah era para rasul. Dalam hal penggunaan busana liturgis, masing-masing gereja memiliki cara pandang dan praktek yang khas, walaupun terdapat pula sejumlah unsur yang sama. Melalui studi pustaka, penulis mengangkat perkembangan penggunaan busana liturgis, baik ragam jenis pakaian yang pernah ada maupun yang saat ini digunakan di gereja-gereja. Penulis menganalisis peristiwa masa lalu yang berkaitan dengan asal, perkembangan, dan makna teologis busana liturgis untuk memahami kekhasan pandangan masa kini tentang pakaian tersebut. Selain itu, penulis juga membuat perbandingan penggunaan busana liturgis dari konteks gerejawi yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan sikap gereja-gereja terhadap busana liturgis berkaitan erat dengan pemahaman yang berbeda atas imamat. Gereja-gereja yang mempertahankan doktrin in persona Christi dalam diri pelayan tertahbis cenderung mempertahankan pula keagungan busana liturgis warisan abad pertengahan. Sebaliknya gereja-gereja yang tidak menerima doktrin tersebut menggunakan busana liturgis secara minimalis bahkan menganggapnya tidak wajib. Dalam hal ini prinsip adiaphora dari Luther cukup berpengaruh dalam kebebasan menggunakan atau pun tidak menggunakan busana liturgis.
Pastor Sebagai Teolog di Dalam Komunitas Kristen
Authors: Hiu Clement 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:The role of the pastor as a theologian is getting eroded. This can be seen in the ministry of pastors who do not prioritize preaching the word of God, do not think critically about contemporary issues and do not contribute to scholarly work. As a result, the teaching in the church weakens, the congregation’s spiritual needs are not satisfied, and the people’s faith is shallow. In the end, church growth will become stagnant and will be displaced by the changing world. Therefore, the pastor must be faithful to his role as a theologian for the Christian community. Pastors need to realize their calling as theologians and find out where the Christian community is the burden of their ministry as theologians. To carry out his vocation as a theologian, the pastor should equip himself with the correct method of theology; achieve biblical, cultural and human literacy; and apply the four spheres of theological scholarship, namely research, systemization, ecclesial significance articulation and ecclesial implementation. In realizing his role as a theologian, the pastor should return to his ministerial focus as a preacher of God’s word and rethink his pastoral ministry. And considering the breadth of theological scholarly disciplines, pastors need to collaborate with qualified colleagues or institutions to produce theological scholarly works. Abstrak: Peranan pastor sebagai teolog semakin terkikis. Hal ini terlihat dari pelayanan para pastor yang tidak mengutamakan pemberitaan firman Tuhan, tidak berpikir kritis terhadap isu-isu kontemporer dan tidak adanya sumbangsih mereka dalam karya ilmiah. Akibatnya, pengajaran gereja menjadi lemah, kebutuhan rohani jemaat tidak terpenuhi dan dangkalnya iman jemaat. Pada akhirnya, pertumbuhan gereja akan menjadi stagnan dan akan tergusur oleh perubahan zaman. Karena itu, pastor harus setia pada peranannya sebagai teolog bagi komunitas Kristen. Pastor perlu menyadari panggilannya sebagai teolog dan menemukan di mana komunitas Kristen yang menjadi beban pelayanannya sebagai teolog. Untuk menjalankan panggilannya sebagai teolog, pastor hendaknya memperlengkapi diri dengan metode berteologi yang benar; mencapai literasi biblikal, budaya dan manusia; serta menerapkan empat bidang keilmuan teologi, yaitu penelitian, sistematisasi, artikulasi signifikansi gerejawi dan implementasi gerejawi. Dalam mewujudnyatakan peranannya sebagai teolog, pastor hendaknya kembali kepada fokus pelayanannya sebagai pemberita firman Tuhan dan memikir ulang pelayanan pastoralnya. Dan mengingat luasnya disiplin keilmuan teologi, maka dalam usaha menghasilkan karya ilmiah yang teologis, pastor perlu berkolaborasi dengan rekan atau institusi yang mumpuni.
Mengkaji Ulang Konsep Self-Acceptance Menurut Albert Ellis Dalam Pendekatan Pastoral Konseling Bagi Lansia
Authors: Beriajaya Randy Ezra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:The vulnerability phase experienced by the elderly group needs to receive special attention to make it better, more comfortable and prosperous by providing assistance in the form of counselling services by presenting self-acceptance. The type of ability that must be possessed by a pastoral counsellor is to provide counselling service assistance by presenting nuances of self-acceptance in every counselling conversation for elderly groups. This assistance is carried out by pastoral counsellors who are part of the ecclesiastical pastoral duties. The purpose of this research study is to offer the concept of self-acceptance that has been initiated by Albert Ellis as a thinking construct that can be penetrated into counselling conversations with elderly groups. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach supported by literacy studies, with a counselling approach from Albert Ellis and the concept of self-acceptance he initiated to be able to be discussed in the lives of the elderly with their problems and can be applied by pastoral counsellors. In this case, the REBT counselling theory is synthesized to take its core values. The conclusion of the concept of self-acceptance that is built simply in counselling talks with the elderly is expected to be an alternative that will help the lives of the elderly in the vulnerability phase. Abstrak: Fase kerentanan yang dialami oleh kelompok lansia perlu untuk mendapat perhatiaan khusus agar lebih baik, nyaman dan sejahtera dengan cara diberikan bantuan berupa layanan konseling dengan menghadirkan penerimaan diri. Jenis kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang konselor pastoral adalah memberikan bantuan layanan konseling dengan menghadirkan nuansa penerimaan diri self acceptance dalam setiap percakapan konseling untuk kelompok lansia. Bantuan ini dilakukan oleh konselor pastoral yang menjadi bagian dari tugas penggembalaan gerejawi. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dari kajian penelitan ini adalah menawarkan konsep self acceptance yang telah digagas oleh Albert Ellis sebagai konstruk berpikir yang dapat dipenetrasikan kedalam percakapan konseling dengan kelompok lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang didukung kajian literatur, dengan pendekatan konseling dari Albert Ellis dan konsep self acceptance yang digagasnya, untuk dapat dibidilk dalam kehidupan lansia dengan problematikanya, dan dapat diaplikasikan oleh konselor pastoral. Dalam hal ini teori konseling REBT disaripatikan untuk diambil nilai intinya. Kesimpulkan dari konsep self acceptance yang dibangun secara sederhana dalam pembicaraan konseling dengan lansia diharapkan akan manjadi alternatif yang akan membantu kehidupan lansia dalam fase keretananan.