bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel divergent group of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 μVar variants associated with a mortality event in Pacific oyster spat in Normandy (France) in 2016
Authors: Burioli Erika A. V. , Varello Katia , Lavazza Antonio , Bozzetta Elena , Prearo Marino , Houssin Maryline 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe acute course of disease in young oysters infected by OsHV‐1 and the rapid tissue degradation often preclude histological examination of specimens collected during outbreaks in field. Herein, live spat originated from two geographical areas were sampled just at the onset of a mortality event that occurred in Normandy (France) in June 2016. The lesions, associated with high OsHV‐1 DNA quantities, were characterized by severe and diffuse haemocytosis mainly involving blast‐like cells, myocyte degeneration and large, irregularly shaped degenerate eosinophilic cells in the connective tissue. The herpesvirus was identified by negative staining TEM and real‐time PCR. Sequencing of the C region and ORFs 42/43 confirmed that the variants met the definition of OsHV‐1 μVar. We sequenced 30 other ORFs in twenty OsHV‐1‐positive individuals and compared them to the μVar specimens isolated between 2009 and 2011. The ORFs encoding putative membrane proteins showed the highest number of variations. Seven different genotypes were identified, confirming the presence of relevant genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis provided evidence for a well‐separated μVar new group, with an evolutionary divergence estimated at 0.0013 from the other μVar variants. The geographical distribution of these newly described variants and their effective virulence should be investigated in future.
Profile and value of FIB‐4 in patients with dual chronic hepatitis C and B
Authors: Liu Chun‐Jen , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Yang Wan‐Ting , Su Tung‐Hung , Yang Hung‐Chih , Liu Chen‐Hua , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are at risk of developing adverse outcomes. Coinfection with both viruses may further increase the risk. Currently, little is known about the role of fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index, a simple liver fibrosis stage biomarker, in predicting the clinical outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 152 non‐cirrhotic patients with dual chronic HCV and HBV infection: 56 patients received pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy, while 96 patients remained untreated. The association between the FIB‐4 index and the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was explored.ResultsAfter a 9.88‐year follow‐up, the incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance was 4.97 (95% confidence interval: 3.13–7.89) per 100 person‐years in the treated group and was 1.77 (1.10–2.85) in the untreated group. Of the treated group, only three and six patients developed HCC and liver cirrhosis, respectively, while 17 and 23 patients developed HCC and liver cirrhosis, respectively, in untreated group. Baseline FIB‐4 index correlated with the development of liver cirrhosis in multivariable analysis of all subjects. High baseline FIB‐4 index (per 1 point increase) in the treated groups was associated with a higher risk of developing liver cirrhosis (P = 0.001) and HCC (P = 0.038) in univariable analysis. FIB‐4 index decreased only in the treated group who achieved sustained virological response (n = 34, FIB‐4 index decreasing from 1.84 to 1.55).ConclusionsIn Taiwanese patients coinfected with HCV and HBV, FIB‐4 index helps identify patients at risk of developing adverse events, even in patients receiving pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy.
Resilience and difficulties of parents of children with a cleft lip and palate
Authors: Ueki Shingo , Fujita Yuichi , Kitao Mika , Kumagai Yukari , Ike Miho , Niinomi Kazuteru , Matsunaka Eriko , Fujiwara Chieko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe present study explored the differences in emotional difficulties and resilience between fathers and mothers of a child with a cleft lip and palate.MethodsMarried couples were recruited who were accompanying their child with a cleft lip and palate (<12 years old) on regular visits to an outpatient clinic in a Japanese hospital. The participants were distributed an anonymous questionnaire that included items regarding emotional difficulties with the cleft lip and palate and a scale to measure resilience when caring for the children. In the data analysis, the paired t‐test was used to compare the individuals within the couples.ResultsBy analyzing the data of 64 couples who provided valid responses, two items with the highest mean score for the difficulties that were faced by both the father and mother of a child with a cleft lip and palate were: “I am worried about whether the child's teeth will be straightened” and “I am worried that the children could suffer due to their appearance.” The mothers felt significantly more worry about their child's future and more guilt than did the fathers. In contrast, the fathers had greater resilience, in terms of problem‐solving skills and recognition and acceptance than did the mothers.ConclusionIt is important that healthcare providers understand the difference between the fathers’ and mothers’ worries about their child with a cleft lip and palate. Specific support services should be offered to fathers with a high level of resilience, in terms of the acceptance of reality and problem‐solving, which could increase their parenting ability.
Completeness of protocols for clinical trials in children submitted to ethics committees
Authors: Joseph Pathma D , Caldwell Patrina HY , Barnes Elizabeth H , Hynes Kay , Choong Catherine S , Turner Sean , Vosk Claire , White Jessie , Richichi Kate , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: August 2018

AimStudies of published clinical trials involving children have shown frequent omissions in key aspects of design and conduct, but these problems may be artefactual and due to editorial processes and space limitations. To determine actual design and conduct, we analysed the completeness of key domains in trial protocols involving children submitted to Human Research Ethics Committees.MethodsThe ethics committees of all eight children's hospitals in Australia were invited to participate. De‐identified trial protocols submitted for review in 2012 were evaluated using a checklist derived from Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Good Clinical Practice guidelines.ResultsFour ethics committees agreed to participate, and 69 protocols were analysed. The domains almost always reported were clustered around the background and trial plan (planned interventions for each group (99%), specific objectives (97%) and scientific background (96%)). Risk‐of‐bias domains such as random sequence generation and blinding of participants were often reported (75–90%). Domains least reported were clustered around the statistical analysis plan (66%), specified intention‐to‐treat analysis (54%), the justification for the proposed trial based upon a systematic review (48%) and age‐specific outcomes (48%).ConclusionsProtocols of trials involving children assessed by ethics committees generally include details on background and basic design, but many key domains in trial design and conduct are not covered. Despite widespread recognition of how problems in the design and conduct of trials may lead to unreliable results, investigators still appear to be omitting key elements in trial protocols.
MiR-324-5p reduces viability and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through modulating TSPAN8
Authors: Lin Hai , Zhou Ai-Jun , Zhang Jing-Yu , Liu Shu-Fang , Gu Jian-Xiang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to further clarify the role and underlying mechanism of miR-324-5p in gastric cancer.

Methods
The expressions of miR-324-5p and TSPAN8 as determined by qRT-PCR or Western blot were compared between the gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues. Human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was cultured and transfected with miR-324-5p mimic/inhibitor or pcDNA-TSPAN8. The cell survival was assessed by the cell viability and apoptosis. Luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to explore the interaction between miR-324-5p and TSPAN8 in SGC-7901 cells.

Key findings
MiR-324-5p was decreased in human gastric carcinoma tissues (n = 33), but TSPAN8 protein expression was increased in the gastric carcinoma tissues (n = 33). Moreover, miR-324-5p inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in vitro. TSPAN8 is a functional target of miR-324-5p in gastric cancer. MiR-324-5p was further confirmed to reduce gastric cancer cell viability and induce apoptosis via downregulating TSPAN8 in SGC-7901 cells in vitro. Additionally, miR-324-5p overexpression markedly inhibited the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cells in vivo, as shown by the smaller tumour volume compared with the control.

Conclusions
This study suggested a novel, probable mechanism of miR-324-5p in gastric cancer context and revealed that miR-324-5p inhibited gastric cancer cell survival by targeting TSPAN8.
The effects of parity and litter size on bone metabolic activity in pregnant and lactating sows
Authors: Schmidt Christina M. , Chiba Lee I. , Hood Wendy R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring gestation and lactation, female mammals often mobilize endogenous nutrient reserves to meet the resource demands of offspring production. These mobilized stores include calcium, phosphorous and other minerals that are resorbed from maternal bone to facilitate rapid mineralization of offspring bones. The extent to which bone mineral is resorbed is governed by the total amount of mineral taken in from the diet, but also by the competing demands of offspring and the minimum level of bone density that a female must sustain to support self‐maintenance. The maximum amount of bone that a female may mobilize is undoubtedly dependent a variety of maternal traits, including age and reproductive experience (i.e., parity). We evaluated changes in serum concentrations of biomarkers of metabolic activity (total deoxypyridinoline [tDPD] and osteocalcin [OC]) of maternal bone and its relationship to reproductive output and parity throughout pregnancy and lactation in Yorkshire sows. Litter size did not affect bone metabolism; however, serum concentrations of both tDPD and OC were significantly higher in sows with little or no reproductive experience when compared to sows that had produced at least 3 litters prior to the current reproductive bout. This suggests a shift in ability or physiological strategy to meet offspring mineral demands that is acquired or associated with reproductive experience.
Occupational Therapy Empowering Support Workers to Change How They Support People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities to Engage in Activity
Authors: Haines David , Wright Jonathan , Comerasamy Huguette 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPeople with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities may not always be well supported to engage meaningfully in activity at home, an injustice impacting on well‐being and quality of life. Research sought better understanding of how occupational therapists work to improve the quality of this support, in particular, how they encourage support workers and managers to adopt recommendations. A single, purposively selected, case of supporting engagement in activity at home was investigated using a critical ethnographic case study methodology from an interpretivist and social constructionist stance. An occupational therapist worked with five people with severe and profound learning disabilities and their support workers over one year. Data were collected using ethnographic methods (participant observation, interviews and document analysis) and analyzed using an emergent systematic strategy (formal coding and categorization, alongside intuitive and affective analysis) and NVivo qualitative data analysis software. The case's story (illustrated by an ethnographic vignette constructed from the data) highlights challenges encouraging others to follow recommendations as intended. It has two overarching themes: the impact of shifting support and leadership cultures; and characteristics of occupational therapy, seeking in particular to create and sustain cultural change by working with support workers in a collaborative and empowering way. To overcome the impacts of organizational culture on how support is given (thereby improving the quality of lives of people with profound intellectual disabilities) professionals need to collaborate with support workers. Occupational injustices they arguably may face, in particular risk of burnout where their roles are conflicting or ambiguous, may also need to be addressed. Implications are suggested for health and social care professionals working indirectly through support workers of people with profound intellectual disabilities (and others with high support needs) and for the education and training of these professionals.
Social Performance as Cultural Critique: Critical Theory beyond Bourdieu and Habermas
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Man 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough Bourdieu and Habermas concur that a critical reconstruction of the lay practice must be able to help people emancipate themselves from the social forces that are beyond their recognition, they take a radically different tack to achieve that goal. In the first part of this paper, I will bring Bourdieu to a “virtual dialogue” with Habermas and show why Bourdieu's method of “participant objectivation” should be abandoned in favor of Habermas's theory of “virtual participation”. In the second part, after examining how Habermas uses his theory of virtual participation to criticize Garfinkel's ethnomethodology, I will show why Habermas's theory of virtual participation fails to accomplish what it professes to do. In the third part, by recounting the history of child abuse, I shall argue that the critique of the traditional practice of child beating was made possible not through the exchanges of validity claims about child beating as Habermas would argue but through the performance of narratives that re‐describe the “meaning” of child beating in terms that made the traditional practice of child beating look inhuman, unbearable and horrible. Keywords critical theory, participant objectivation, virtual participation, validity claim, social performance, Narrative.
Variation of endothelium‐related hemostatic factors during sepsis
Authors: Vasileiadis Ioannis , Politou Marianna , Dimopoulos Stavros , Rovina Nikoletta , Kyriakopoulou Magdalini , Kyriakoudi Anna , Tripodaki Elli‐Sophia , Koutsouri Theodora , Terpos Evangelos , Koulouris Nikolaos , Koutsoukou Antonia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe thrombomodulin/protein C and VWF/ADAMTS‐13 pathways are disturbed in sepsis and have been implicated in the coagulation disorders that characterize the septic syndrome. We aimed to assess the variation of these endothelial parameters during sepsis and their putative association with outcome, in critically ill, septic patients.MethodsWe monitored 34 septic patients, 23 of whom improved (group A) while 11 deteriorated (group B). We assessed ADAMTS‐13 levels, VWF activity, soluble thrombomodulin, and protein C activity upon admission to the ICU (time point 0) and at the time of a change in the clinical condition (remission or deterioration, time point 1).ResultsIn group A, thrombomodulin and VWF increased at time point 1 compared to time point 0 (P = 0.011, P = 0.028, respectively). In group B, protein C and ADAMTS‐13 significantly decreased (P = 0.023, P = 0.026, respectively), while VWF, VWF/ADAMTS‐13 ratio, and the thrombomodulin/protein C ratio increased (P = 0.02, P = 0.002, P = 0.01, respectively). Protein C (> or ≤17%) and ADAMTS‐13 percentage difference (> or ≤22%) were independently associated with sepsis outcome among the endothelial variables tested.ConclusionsAn ongoing endothelial/hemostatic disorder was established during sepsis, observed even at clinical improvement. Among the variables tested, protein C and ADAMTS‐13 change were associated with outcome.
Carbon gain phenologies of spring‐flowering perennials in a deciduous forest indicate a novel niche for a widespread invader
Authors: Heberling J. Mason , Cassidy Steven T. , Fridley Jason D. , Kalisz Susan 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Strategies of herbaceous species in deciduous forests are often characterized by the timing of life history phases (e.g. emergence, flowering, leaf senescence) relative to overstory tree canopy closure. Although springtime photosynthesis is assumed to account for the majority of their annual carbon budgets, the 12‐month photosynthetic trajectories of forest herbs have not been quantified.

We measured the temporal dynamics of carbon assimilation for seven native herbaceous perennials and the biennial Alliaria petiolata, a widespread invader in eastern North American forests. We assessed the relative importance of spring, summer, and autumn to species‐level annual carbon budgets.

Spring‐emerging species showed significant variation in carbon assimilation patterns. High spring irradiance before canopy closure accounted for 39–100% of species‐level annual carbon assimilation, but summer and autumn accounted for large proportions of some species’ carbon budgets (up to 58% and 19%, respectively). Alliaria was phenologically unique, taking advantage both autumn and spring irradiance.

Although spring‐emerging understory species are often expected to rely on early‐season irradiance, our results highlight interspecific differences and the importance of mid−late season carbon gain. Phenological strategies of forest herbs are a continuum rather than discrete categories, and invasive species may follow strategies that are underrepresented in the native flora.
The host actin cytoskeleton channels rhizobia release and facilitates symbiosome accommodation during nodulation in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Zhang Xiaxia , Han Libo , Wang Qi , Zhang Chen , Yu Yanjun , Tian Juan , Kong Zhaosheng 
Published: August 2018

Summary

In plants, the actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in regulating intracellular transport and trafficking in the endomembrane system. Work in legumes suggested that during nodulation, the actin cytoskeleton coordinates numerous cellular processes in the development of nitrogen‐fixing nodules. However, we lacked live‐cell visualizations demonstrating dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during infection droplet release and symbiosome development.

Here, we generated transgenic Medicago truncatula lines stably expressing the fluorescent actin marker ABD2‐GFP, and utilized live‐cell imaging to reveal the architecture and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton during nodule development.

Live‐cell observations showed that different zones in nitrogen‐fixing nodules exhibit distinct actin architectures and infected cells display five characteristic actin architectures during nodule development. Live‐cell imaging combined with three‐dimensional reconstruction demonstrated that dense filamentous‐actin (F‐actin) arrays channel the elongation of infection threads and the release of infection droplets, an F‐actin network encircles freshly‐released rhizobia, and short F‐actin fragments and actin dots around radially distributed symbiosomes.

Our findings suggest an important role of the actin cytoskeleton in infection droplet release, symbiosome development and maturation, and provide significant insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying nodule development and nitrogen fixation during legume–rhizobia interactions.
The role and impact of community health workers in childhood obesity interventions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Schroeder K. , McCormick R. , Perez A. , Lipman T. H. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryChildhood obesity increases the risk for poor health during childhood, as well as for adult obesity and its associated comorbidities. Children from racial/ethnic minority groups or who live in poverty experience elevated rates of obesity. One potential method for reducing childhood obesity disparities is to involve community health workers (frontline public health workers who are trusted members of and/or have an unusually close understanding of the community served). The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to explore the role and effectiveness of community health workers in childhood obesity interventions. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, of which nine were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Results demonstrated that community health workers played various roles in childhood obesity interventions in the home, clinic, school, and community setting. Interventions focused primarily on children from underserved populations. Meta‐analytic findings demonstrated a small but significant impact on BMIz and BMI percentile (BMIz [7 studies]: −0.08, 95% CI: −0.15, −0.01, p = 0.03, I2 = 39.4%; BMI percentile [2 studies]: −0.25, 95% CI: −0.38, −0.11, p < 0.01, I2 = 0%). Findings from this review demonstrate that partnering with community health workers may be an important strategy for reducing childhood obesity disparities and advancing health equity.