bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of glycaemic control comparing originator versus generic fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin tablet among diabetes mellitus patients in an outpatient clinic
Authors: Lim Phei Ching , Lim Shueh Lin , Khaw Chong Hui , Lim Yen Li , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Chong Chee Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, comparison studies on glycaemic control by originator versus generic fixed‐dose antidiabetic drugs are limited.AimThis study assessed the efficacy, adherence and adverse effects between originator and generic fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin after switching from gliclazide coadministered with metformin, and after interchanging the originator and generic fixed‐dose tablets between the study groups.MethodsA prospective randomised cross‐over study was conducted among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with stable doses of at least 240 mg gliclazide plus 1000 mg metformin in the Out‐Patient Clinic, Penang Hospital. Patients were randomised to receive either originator (Group A) or generic (Group B) glibenclamide/metformin 2.5/500 mg, two tablets twice daily for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, Group A and Group B were switched to generic and originator, respectively, for another 12 weeks. HbA1c, pill count and hypoglycaemic episodes were measured at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks.ResultsThe mean (±SD) age of the 84 patients in the study was 58.01 ± 7.87 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 10.00 years (interquartile range 7.00–16.75 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Mean HbA1c decreased significantly from 0 to 12 weeks in Groups A and B (−0.76% and −0.56%, respectively), but increased significantly from 12 to 24 weeks (+0.39% and +0.33%, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean change in HbA1c between the two groups. Adherence improved significantly by 11% when patients were switched to fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin regardless of whether it was originator or generic. There was no significant difference between originator and generic in the number of hypoglycaemic episodes (11 vs 32; p = 0.825) after switching to fixed‐dose glibenclamide/metformin.ConclusionGeneric glibenclamide/metformin was therapeutically equivalent to its originator.
Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2: The story continues
Authors: Huang Fubao , Wang Kai , Shen Jianhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInflammation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) mediates vascular inflammation through the regulation of lipid metabolism in blood, thus, it has been extensively investigated to identify its role in vascular inflammation‐related diseases, mainly atherosclerosis. Although darapladib, the most advanced Lp‐PLA2 inhibitor, failed to meet the primary endpoints of two large phase III trials in atherosclerosis patients cotreated with standard medical care, the research on Lp‐PLA2 has not been terminated. Novel pathogenic, epidemiologic, genetic, and crystallographic studies regarding Lp‐PLA2 have been reported recently, while novel inhibitors were identified through a fragment‐based lead discovery strategy. More strikingly, recent clinical and preclinical studies revealed that Lp‐PLA2 inhibition showed promising therapeutic effects in diabetic macular edema and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we not only summarized the knowledge of Lp‐PLA2 established in the past decades but also emphasized new findings in recent years. We hope this review could be valuable for helping researchers acquire a much deeper insight into the nature of Lp‐PLA2, identify more potent and selective Lp‐PLA2 inhibitors, and discover the potential indications of Lp‐PLA2 inhibitors.
Management of urethrocutaneous fistulae complicating sacral and perineal pressure ulcer in neurourological patients: A national multicenter study from the French‐speaking Neuro‐urology Study Group and the Neuro‐urology committee of the French Association of Urology
Authors: Gambachidze Dimitri , Lefèvre Chloë , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Perrouin Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Kerdraon Jacques , Egon Guy , Even Alexia , Denys Pierre , Castel‐Lacanal Evelyne , Gamé Xavier , Ruffion Alain , Hascoet Juliette , Peyronnet Benoit , Chaussard Haude , Verde Kévin Lo , Karsenty Gilles , Phé Véronique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe the epidemiologic characteristics of urethrocutaneous fistulae (UCF) in sacro‐perineal pressure ulcer (SPPU) in neurourological patients and to assess outcomes after surgical urinary diversion.Materials and MethodsThrough the French‐speaking Neurourology Study Group and Association of Urology network, a retrospective multicenter study in nine major urology and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR) units was conducted. All patients with SPPU associated with UCF between 2000 and 2016 were included. Data concerning: sociodemography, clinical, medical and biological comorbidities, neurological and urological history, pressure ulcer characteristics, and finally urinary diversion surgery were collected. Complications and SPPU healing/relapse were assessed.ResultsIn all, 74 patients were included. The median age on diagnosis: 45.9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38.7‐53.4) and median follow‐up: 15.1 months (IQR, 5.7‐48.8). A psychiatric disorder was the most frequent comorbidity (44.6%). Only 59.5% and 50% had regular PMR and urologic follow‐up, respectively. Seventy‐one patients (95.9%) underwent urinary diversion surgery. Among those, relapse occurred in 15 (21.1%) at the end of the follow‐up. The diversion was noncontinent in 85.9%. The major complications rate was 26.8%. A total of 30 late complications in 21 patients were reported. The most frequent was obstructive pyelonephritis (n = 9). All of the patients who underwent surgical diversion without cystectomy (n = 5) developed a pyocyst. Finally, the pressure ulcer healing rate when patients underwent both urinary diversion and pressure ulcer surgery was 74.4%.ConclusionsOur retrospective data suggest that UCF complicating SPPU is a rare and severe pathology. The combination of radical urinary diversion with cystectomy and pressure ulcer surgery should be performed as often as possible.
Fear of childbirth from the perspective of midwives working in hospitals in Norway: A qualitative study
Authors: Tobiasson Marthe , Lyberg Anne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo illuminate the perceptions of hospital‐based midwives who support women suffering from moderate to severe fear of childbirth during an expected vaginal birth.DesignA qualitative descriptive and explorative study.MethodsFocus group interviews were conducted with 18 midwives representing four different hospitals in Norway.ResultsEncountering fear of childbirth evoked the desire to protect and help, although the ability to provide optimal support was dependent on several circumstances, several of which were beyond the midwives̕ control. The main theme “Midwives finding their own strength when encountering the vulnerability of women with fear of childbirth” consisted of two themes: “Being present” and “Being alone.” The midwives described being present as a prerequisite for continuity of care and affirmation. The emphasis on continuity of care could give rise to a sense of loneliness and guilt during and after demanding situations in the birthing room.
Registered Nurses' description of patient advocacy in the clinical setting
Authors: Nsiah Comfort , Siakwa Mate , Ninnoni Jerry P. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo provide Registered Nurses description of patient advocacy in the clinical setting.DesignA qualitative approach with descriptive study design was used to meet the set objective.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to select the study participants. Through semi‐structured interview, data were collected from 25 participants, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe Registered Nurses described patient advocacy as promoting patient safety and quality care which includes the following: protecting patients, being patients' voice, provision of quality care and interpersonal relationship as well as educating patients. The nurses had adequate understanding of patient advocacy and were willing to advocate for patients. There is, however, a need to research into barriers to patient advocacy in the clinical setting. This study made significant contribution to the understanding of patient advocacy and its positive effect on the provision of quality patient care.
Stabilization of μ‐opioid receptor facilitates its cellular translocation and signaling
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Han Qingjian , Samoshkin Alexander , Convertino Marino , Linton Alexander , Faison Edgar M. , Ji Ru‐Rong , Diatchenko Luda , Dokholyan Nikolay V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe G protein‐coupled μ‐opioid receptor (μ‐OR) mediates the majority of analgesia effects for morphine and other pain relievers. Despite extensive studies of its structure and activation mechanisms, the inherently low maturation efficiency of μ‐OR represents a major hurdle to understanding its function. Here we computationally designed μ‐OR mutants with altered stability to probe the relationship between cell‐surface targeting, signal transduction, and agonist efficacy. The stabilizing mutation T315Y enhanced μ‐OR trafficking to the plasma membrane and significantly promoted the morphine‐mediated inhibition of downstream signaling. In contrast, the destabilizing mutation R165Y led to intracellular retention of μ‐OR and reduced the response to morphine stimulation. These findings suggest that μ‐OR stability is an important factor in regulating receptor signaling and provide a viable avenue to improve the efficacy of analgesics.
Bxy‐fuca encoding α‐L‐fucosidase plays crucial roles in development and reproduction of the pathogenic pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Tang Jia , Ma Ruoqing , Zhu Najie , Guo Kai , Guo Yiqing , Bai Liqun , Yu Hongshi , Hu Jiafu , Zhang Xingyao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This disease is a serious threat to pine forests globally. The fuca gene encodes α‐L‐fucosidase, which plays crucial roles in numerous biological and pathological processes in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. To find promising control strategies against PWD, we investigated the expression and functions of Bxy‐fuca in B. xylophilus.RESULTSBxy‐fuca encoding α‐L‐fucosidase is highly conserved within the deduced functional domains and key residues. It is expressed continuously across all developmental stages of B. xylophilus. mRNA in situ hybridization demonstrated that Bxy‐fuca was mainly localized in the body wall muscles and intestine. RNA interference indicated that the zygotic expression of Bxy‐fuca was indispensable for embryogenesis. The rate of B. xylophilus egg hatch was significantly decreased after Bxy‐fuca was interfered. Postembryonic silence of Bxy‐fuca resulted in a dramatic decrease in the longevity of and the total number of eggs produced by B. xylophilus. In addition, the motility of the nematode was greatly hampered with a significant drop in head thrashing frequency.CONCLUSIONBxy‐fuca plays crucial roles in development, lifespan and reproduction of B. xylophilus. Our results provide promising hints for control of PWD by blocking embryogenesis and ontogenesis, decreasing nematode fecundity, and disrupting the connection between B. xylophilus and its vector beetle by preventing nematode movement into the tracheal system. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A modified nonhydrostatic moist global spectral dynamical core using a dry‐mass vertical coordinate
Authors: Peng Jun , Wu Jianping , Zhang Weimin , Zhao Jun , Zhang Lifeng , Yang Jinhui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost global models employ a vertical coordinate based on the moist hydrostatic pressure, and therefore do not conserve dry air mass. Such an issue should be taken seriously into account, especially in developing global high‐resolution atmospheric models to address nonhydrostatic motions explicitly. In this article, we present a modified nonhydrostatic moist global spectral dynamical core using a dry‐mass vertical coordinate, which conserves the mass of dry air naturally. In addition to the vertical coordinate, the modified dynamical core differs from the original Aladin‐NH like dynamical kernel in the state variables employed. Specifically, a new temperature variable is introduced to formulate the governing equations and the mass continuity equation is expressed in terms of the dry air density. To assess its performance, an idealized splitting supercell test is conducted. Simulation results from both the modified and original dynamical cores are presented and compared. The results indicate that only the modified dynamic core is able to simulate the splitting supercell with good accuracy comparable to reference solutions from the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS).
Analyses of the winter low‐level jet over the southern Red Sea using the Weather Research and Forecasting model
Authors: Samman Ahmad E. , Gallus William A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe three‐dimensional structure of the Red Sea Low‐Level Jet (RSLLJ) that occurs over the southern Red Sea during the winter season is examined using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The causes of the jet formation are investigated, and the simulations confirm that the jet is a terrain‐induced phenomenon. It initiates as a gap flow as the jet forms north of the strait of Bab el‐Mandab as a result of a hydraulic effect when a stably stratified cool layer is channeled through the mountainous gap at low levels over the strait into the southern Red Sea. The jet intensity is enhanced by the Red Sea trough over the southern Red Sea. The cool dense air mass south of the strait is supported by a generally persistent synoptic regime that includes a high‐pressure system over most of the eastern Arabian Peninsula and the Sudan low‐pressure system over Sudan. The jet extends more than 500 km northward to slightly north of 17°N from the strait around 12.5°N, with a width of 100–150 km over the southern Red Sea. The jet core lies at 500–600 m above sea level between 14°N and 16°N, with wind speeds exceeding 25 m/s. The north–south pressure gradient along the strait, as well as the depth of the stratified cool layer south of the strait, are directly responsible for the jet length and speed over the southern Red Sea, with stronger pressure gradients and deeper cool layers resulting in longer and stronger jets. Sea/land breezes also directly influence the spatial scale, intensity, and diurnal variation of the jet, with land breezes causing faster and more constricted jets at night and divergence due to sea breezes leading to relatively slower jets during the daytime.
Rapid detection of explosive vapors by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization differential mobility analysis tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: McCulloch Ross D. , Amo‐González Mario 
Published: May 2019

RationaleThe increased frequency in the number of international terror threats has led to a corresponding increase in demand for fast, sensitive and reliable screening methods suitable for the detection of airborne explosive vapors. We demonstrate herein a workflow suitable for the determination of nitrogen‐based explosives at the picogram level in just minutes.MethodsA method is described that combines Thermal Desorption (TD) sample introduction with Differential Mobility Analysis (DMA) Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS), enabling a sensitive and accurate workflow suitable for the rapid detection of trace nitroaromatic, nitroester and nitramine explosive vapors. The methods are bridged using a novel low‐flow, field‐free Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) source, intended specifically for the analysis of gas‐phase analytes and airborne particles.ResultsLimits of detection within or below the picogram range were determined for the analysis of a range of explosives standards including 2,6‐DNT, TNT, TATB, Tetryl, RDX, EGDN, PETN, HMX, and NG. Practical application of the TD‐APPI‐DMA‐MS/MS workflow was demonstrated for the detection of real trace explosive vapors produced from the volatilization of solid explosive samples stored within a sealed cardboard box. A single complete analysis was performed in less than 2 min.ConclusionsThe highly sensitive and accurate detection of a variety of common nitrogen‐based explosive vapors has been demonstrated, at levels suitable for practical, high‐throughput security screening applications.
L1 adaptive output‐feedback control of multivariable nonlinear systems subject to constraints using online optimization
Authors: Ma Tong , Cao Chengyu 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn this paper, an L1 adaptive output‐feedback controller is developed for multivariable nonlinear systems subject to constraints using online optimization. In the L1 adaptive architecture, an adaptive law will update the adaptive parameters that represent the nonlinear uncertainties such that the estimation error between the predicted state and the real state is driven to zero at every integration time step. Of course, neglection of the unknowns for solving the error dynamic equations will introduce an estimation error in the adaptive parameters. The magnitude of this error can be lessened by choosing a proper sampling time step. A control law is designed to compensate the nonlinear uncertainties and deliver a good tracking performance with guaranteed robustness. Model predictive control is introduced to solve a receding horizon optimization problem with various constraints maintained. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the design procedures, and the simulation results demonstrate the availability and feasibility of the developed framework.
34‐1: A Novel Reactive Monomer for Self Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Inoue Yuichi , Kimura Masaomi , Yamamoto Junko , Mamiya Junichi , Kadomoto Yutaka 
Published: May 2019

Conventionally, the alignment layer like polyimide is necessary for Liquid Crystal (LC) initial alignment. In this study, we have developed a novel reactive monomer (RM) for self vertical alignment (SVA). Doping this SVA RM into LC, we become able to manufacture VA mode Liquid Crystal Display panel without alignment layer. This technology would bring many merits to LCD performance.Also, this technology is very good compatibility with the Polymer Sustained Alignment (PSA) technology, that is widely used for LCD TV application etc. We report our achievement, comparing PSA.
82‐1: Development of Full Roll to Roll Process for Flexible Display Backplane
Authors: Kook Yun Ho , Lee HwanKeon , Choi SungWoo , Kim NamKook , Kim ChulHo , Park KwonShik , Yoon SooYoung , Kang InByeong 
Published: May 2019

In this article, we described a development of full Roll‐to‐Roll (R2R) process for flexible display backplane. For many years, we made an effort to convert rigid glass substrates to flexible films for thinness, light weight, flexibility and design freedom. Through Government support program, we have built and stabilized R2R facilities for many years.Amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with coplanar structure are fabricated using roll type Polyimide film. We have demonstrated the world's first 20 inch flexible oxide TFTs backplane with SVGA (800x600, 50ppi) resolution), which can drive Electrophoretic paper. The process flow and key technologies to fabricate a‐InGaZnO flexible backplane by R2R process will be discussed.
P‐109: DCI Component Specifications for Emissive (LED) Screens
Authors: Pérez Bravo Jorge 
Published: May 2019

The Digital Cinema Initiative (DCI) has established specifications for a theater system that creates a common shell where regardless of the technology (projector, film, and now coming soon emissive screens) the experience experimented by the viewer is the closest to the one intended to be transmitted by the director. We will focus on this paper on the emissive screens.The theater system is composed of two major components, one is the player or Media Block and the second is the LED Screen. The main function of the Media Block is to provide a secure system environment within performing content essence decryption. In addition to this, the Media Block shall contain a security manager block, image decoding, audio processing and subtitle processing capabilities along with associated forensic markers. The function of the LED screen is to emit the proper chroma and luminance values providing the right environment where the viewer can have the best experience watching the content as it was a real life environment scene.
Finland: European Integration and International Human Rights Treaties as Sources of Domestic Constitutional Change and Dynamism
Authors: Ojanen Tuomas , Salminen Janne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Constitution Act of 1919 was replaced in 2000 by a new Constitution, which was amended in 2012. While the institution of exceptive enactments, which enables the adoption of laws that are in conflict with the Constitution, had earlier assumed a key role in constitutional adjustment for EU integration, the 2012 amendments expressed a constitutional commitment to EU membership and provided for the transfer of powers to the EU. As a result, exceptive enactments are no longer needed for such transfer. Instead of a constitutional court, a key role in constitutional review is played by the Constitutional Law Committee of Parliament through ex ante review of legislative proposals or other matters pending before Parliament, including proposals for EU legislation, for their compatibility with the Constitution and Finland’s international human rights obligations. From the late 1980s onwards, the constitutional tendency has increasingly been towards rights-based judicial review. Aside from the ECHR and other human rights treaties, EU membership has greatly contributed to both judicial empowerment and enhanced rights protection. Areas where EU law has presented constitutional challenges include: (a) the European Arrest Warrant, with regard to which Finland introduced constitutional and legislative safeguards for the sake of fundamental rights; (b) the Laval and Viking Line stream of case law; and (c) concerns around preserving ‘the quality of law’ when implementing EU law. In result of the ex ante constitutional review of the draft ESM Treaty, a change in the draft treaty stemming from constitutional concerns about increased financial liabilities without parliamentary control was proposed and achieved.
Holographic Schwinger-Keldysh effective field theories
Authors: de Boer Jan , Heller Michal P. , Pinzani-Fokeeva Natalia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe construct a holographic dual of the Schwinger-Keldysh effective action for the dissipative low-energy dynamics of relativistic charged matter at strong coupling in a fixed thermal background. To do so, we use a mixed signature bulk spacetime whereby an eternal asymptotically anti-de Sitter black hole is glued to its Euclidean counterpart along an initial time slice in a way to match the desired double-time contour of the dual field theory. Our results are consistent with existing literature and can be regarded as a fully-ab initio derivation of a Schwinger-Keldysh effective action. In addition, we provide a simple infrared effective action for the near horizon region that drives all the dissipation and can be viewed as an alternative to the membrane paradigm approximation.