bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The The Effectiveness Of Oral Cryotherapy To Reduce Oral Mucositis Among Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Literature Review
Authors: Sianturi Elteria , Irawati Dewi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background: Oral cryotherapy has been scientifically proven as a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce the incidence of oral mucositis. With the decline in the incidence of oral mucositis, patient’s comfort improved, the length of stay and cost of care decreases, and maximum quality of life is achieved. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of oral cryotherapy in reducing the incidence of oral mucositis in patient undergoing chemotherapy. Method: This paper used literature review. The literature search was conducted of articles published from January 2012 through February 2018 using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Ebscohost databases on the effectiveness of oral cryotherapy in reducing oral mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Result: This search resulted in a total of 8 articles. Evidence has indicated that there is a significance effect of oral cryotherapy in reducing oral mucositis. Conclusion: Oral cryotherapy is one of technique that easy to do, inexpensive and can be tolerated by patients in general, so it can be used widely. It can be used for adults and children with solid tumors, bone marrow transplant patients and for patients with different chemotherapy regimens (single or combination regimens).

Keywords: Oral Cryotherapy, Oral Mucositis, Chemotherapy, patient’s quality of life
STRUKTUR MASYARAKAT DAN KEPEMIMPINAN: KASUS PEDESAAN DI JAWA
Authors: Manginsela Elsje Pauline 
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to examine the influence of the meeting of two cultures, namely the Eastern culture (Javanese) and the West (Europe mainly Dutch), which each have a different social structure. The Ducth culture has affected on rural community of Java. This study is based on the review of secondary data collected from literature. The problem addressed in this paper is, whether socio-political system of a traditional nature is still alive and give benefit to rural communities when the socio-economic development effort conducting at the present time? Based on the framework and Etzioni Tjondronegoro applied to the structure of community and leadership in Java, it can be concluded that: (1) Nepotism loosened in some places/villages in Java. However, in another village, it still preserved. (2) There is a marginalisation occured to the most vulnerable groups. (3) Sodality can still be found at the village level. (4) Congruent type in rural community in Java, which are still alive in certain villages, is a type of Nepotism-Faithful. It can conclude that, the socio-political system of traditional still life in Java and it has a tendency to marginalize the landless communities. For the development community agencies, they needs to consider a vulnerable groups to make sure that benefits of development can distribute equally.
TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DAN JAGUNG DI DESA MATANI, KECAMATAN TUMPAAN, KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Lampah Liby Rosany , Porajouw Oktavianus ., , Kapantow Gene H. M. 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to compare the level of welfare of farmers who seek in the field of wetland rice and corn farmers in the Village Matani Tumpaan District in South Minahasa. The study lasted from July to September 2017. The data used are primary data collected throught interviews with farmers by purposive sampling taken 15 corn farmers and 15 rice field farmers.The study on farmers’ welfare level is seen from the form of economic and non economic variables enjoyed by respondents based on the criteria of BKKBN covering 5 stages of family welfare indicators. Secondary data is obtained throught documents and research results and library, data and information in village, sub-district and district offices. The result of this research concludes that rice farmers are more prosperous than corn farmers in Matani Village. Tumpaan Subdistrict of South Minahasa Regency. Wet land paddy farmers are included in the stages of the Prosperous Family II (KS II) and Prosperous Family III (KS III) while corn farmers are included in the stage of the Prosperous Family I (KS I).
PERTUMBUHAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP BELANJA DAERAH KOTA MANADO
Authors: Rawung Wendy ., , Katiandagho Theodora M. , Tarore Melissa Lady G. 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to find out how much the growth of Regional Original Income (PAD) and the Contribution of PAD to the Regional Expenditures of the City of Manado. This research was conducted for three months from September to November 2017. The data used in this study were secondary data collected from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of North Sulawesi. The results showed that the growth of PAD from 2011-2016 was fluctuating with the highest growth rate in 2012 of 24.49% and the lowest in 2015 of 4.22% and with an average of 15.33%. The contribution of Regional Original Revenue to Regional Expenditures for 2011-2016 is still in the lack of criteria, with the highest contribution in 2014 amounting to 19.08% and the lowest in 2016 amounting to 14.91% and the average contribution to Regional Expenditure of 15.75% . This means that the Manado City government needs to improve performance more in exploring new sources of Regional Revenue and maximizing existing PADs to increase Regional Original Income Contributions to Manado City Regional Expenditures.*eprm*.
PARTISIPASI ANGGOTA PADA KEGIATAN KELOMPOK TANI MITRA JAYA DI DESA MUNDUNG KECAMATAN TOMBATU TIMUR
Authors: Tulandi Cindy Kartika , Talumingan Celcius ., , Jocom Sherly Gladys 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the participation of members in the Mitra Jaya farmer group activities in Mundung Village, East Tombatu District. This research took place from October to December 2018. The data used were primary data obtained through interviews using a questionnaire to10 respondents and secondary data obtained from the Mundung Village Office in East Tombatu District. The technique of collecting data uses census techniques. Data analysis used in this study is descriptiveanalysis using a Likert Scale. The results showed that the participation of members in farmer groups was high, because they participated in each activity held by the Mitra Jaya farmer groups both in the activities of the planning stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation phase of farmer group activities. The participation of members in the Mitra Jaya farmer group in Mundung Village, Tombatu Timur District in the management of farmer group activities is high.*eprm*.
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN KERAJINAN BAMBU TUTUL DI UD BETRIS KELURAHAN MERAS KECAMATAN BUNAKEN KOTA MANADO
Authors: Wongkar Deisi ., , Loho Agnes Estephina , Katiandagho Theodora M. 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the profits of souvenir key chains, miniature of large traditional houses, miniature of small traditional houses and miniature flowers at UD Betris. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained by interviewing with owners of UD Betris spotted bamboo handy handycrafts in Meras Village, Bunaken District, Manado City. Secondary data was obtained from the internet through Google Scholar in the form of scientific journal articles and books related to this research topic. The profits of this business are different according to the type of handycrafts. The highest profit was obtained from the sale of large miniature traditional houses, namely Rp. 1,609,425; followed by the advantages of small traditional miniature houses of Rp. 716,480; the profit obtained from miniature interest is Rp. 179,165; while the lowest profit from the souvenir key chain is Rp. 5,898.*lrr+eprm*
TINGKAT KEPUASAN “SANG PISANG” DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Candova Cahyana ., , Rumagit Grace Adonia Josefina , Rengkung Leonardus Ricky 
Published: July 2019

The objective of this research is to determine the level of customer satisfaction “Sang pisang” to products, the price of, place, promotion and services. This research is conducted from November to December2018. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained by direct interview to 44 respondents using questionnaires with Likert Scale. Respondent selection use accidentallysampling method. Secondary data obtained from local book stores and the internet through google scholar to access articles from various scientific journals and thesis from other universities related to the topic concerning the level of customer satisfaction. The research result showed that, the level of customer satisfaction of “Sang Pisang” measured by product, price, place, promotion and service variables was 78.78%. Which is classified as satisfied. Satisfaction level of “Sang Pisang” Consumers are 80,79% of product and 80,18% of service. For the satisfied category, the price variable is 80.00%, the place is 76.27%, and the promotion is 75.68%.*jnkd+eprm*
ANALISIS USAHA TANI TERPADU SAPI POTONG DAN PADI SAWAH KELOMPOK TANI “KEONG MAS” KECAMATAN SANGKUB, KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA (STUDI KASUS)
Authors: Tumewu Judi M , Panelewen V V.J. , Mirah A D.P. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM BETWEEN BEEF CATTLE AND RICE PADDY IN FARMERS GROUP OF KEONG MAS AT SANGKUB DISTRICT, NORTHBOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY (CASE STUDY). Integrated farming system of beef cattle and rice paddy is a combination of beef cattle fattening and rice paddy managed by “Keong Mas” Farmers Group. Feces and urine of beef cattle were materials to produce an organic fertilizer and paddy rice straw can be used as feed for beef cattle. The combination of fattening beef cattle and rice paddy straw has a purpose to create minimum cost and using of potential local resources. This research purpose was to evaluate the business profit and cost efficiency of “Keong Mas” integrated farming system. Research method used was study of case and observation as the information for collecting data. The result showed that profit of un-integrated fattening beef cattle were Rp. 9,780,000,- per 8 cattle per year. Un-integrated rice paddy gave Rp. 12,745,000,- profit per ha per year. The profit of integrated fattening beef cattle was Rp. 83,457,108 per 12 cattle per year and rice paddy was Rp. 90,517,250. Cost efficiency of un-integrated farming system was only 1.16 while integrated farming system gave cost efficiency of 1.49. Therefore, it can be concluded that the integrated farming system of fattening beef cattle and rice paddy in “Keong Mas” Farmers Group was profitable and efficient. Keywords : integrated farming system, profit, cost efficiency
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK N-P-K TERHADAP HASIL BAHAN KERING DAN PROTEIN KASAR RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully dan Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott
Authors: Sigar Novita V.F , Kaligis D. A. , Kaunang W. B. , Malalantang S. S 
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECT OF N-P-K FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD OF DRY MATTER AND CRUDE PROTEIN OF GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott.). This research was done to evaluate the effect of macro elements N-P-K on the dry matter and crude protein yield of grass (Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). The research used combination of N-P-K fertilizer. The treatments were arranged in factorial design based on the Completely Randomized Design with two factors, three treatments and four replications. The factor A was applied for testing different grass of Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully (a1), and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (a2). The factor B was fertilizer combination of N (b1), NP (b2), and NPK (b3). Variables observed were dry matter and crude protein. The results of variance analysis showed that treatment affected significantly (P <0.05) dry matter and crude protein. Application of factor A indicated that both grasses had positively response to the application of N-P-K fertilizer measured on the yield of dry matter and crude protein. Keywords: N-P-K Fertilizer, Dry Matter, Protein, Brachiaria humidicola cv. Tully and Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott.
UJI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN KIMIA PAKAN LOKAL DAN IMPOR KUDA PACU MINAHASA
Authors: Pongoh Veity M , Tulung B. , Tulung Y L.R. 
Published: July 2019

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS APPRAISAL OF LOCAL AND IMPORTED RACE HORSES FEED IN MINAHASA The present study was conducted to determine the physical characteristics and nutrient content of racehorse diets both local and imported feed used mostly by race horse breeders in Minahasa region. Race horse breeding management in Indonesia fully adopts methods used in developed countries. Race horse breeders in Minahasa have been practicing of using oats as an imported ingredient to replace local feed rice. This is due to the lack of further testing of local feed, so that race horse breeders practice and rely on using imported feed ingredients to feed their horses just before the horse racing. A survey method was used to collect data, using interviews and direct observations on several race horses breeding farms. Types and amount of feed (forage and concentrates) both local and imported given to race horse were taken about 500gr for samples analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the nutrient content of imported feed ingredients significantly higher (P <0.05) compared with local feed. Physical characteristics (color, flavour, shape, and texture) of local food (rice) was significantly different (P <0.05) from that of imported feed (oats). It can be concluded that the nutrient content of imports feed is higher than that of local feed, and physical characteristics of oat and rice, different in colour, shape, aroma, and texture, on the other hand, oat and rice have the same physical shape. Keywords: Physical characteristics, Chemistry, Race horse, Local Feed, Imported Feed.
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DAN TINGKAT NAUNGAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING, SERAT KASAR DAN ABU RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola
Authors: Salim Novita , Anis S. D. , Dompas F. , Kaunang W. B. 
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SHADING LEVELS ON DRY MATTER, CRUDE FIBER AND ASH CONTENT OF Brachiaria humidicola. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of fertilizer different level of shading and nitrogen on the crude fiber, dry matter and ash content. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen in from of urea fertilizer : P1 = 0 kg/Ha, P2 = 50 kg/Ha, P3 = 100 kg/Ha, P4 = 150 kg/Ha, and of three levels of shading : N1 = 0%, N2 = 40%, and N3 = 70%. Treatments whe arranged in factorial based on randomized block design (RBD). Data were analysis using Minitab Version 11, and followed by Tukey Simulteneous Test. The highest crude fiber content was in N1P4 coupared to other interactions. The result showed that the effect of Nitrogen fertilizer and shading were no significant on dry matter, ash and crude fiber content of B. humidicola however, the interaction of the two factor were significant only on crude fiber content. It can be concluded that the best condition was on 0% without with 150 kg Nitrogen fertilizer /Ha. Keyword : nitrogen, shading, dry matter, fiber, ash, humidicola
Community Structure of Gastropod in Seagrass on Intertidal Area in The Tongkeina Village of Manado City
Authors: Saripantung Gladys L , Tamanampo Jan FWS , Manu Gaspar 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Gastropod community is one of the important components of the food chain in the seagrass beds. The purpose of this study is to identify the types of gastropods and to determine population density, relative population density, species diversity, dominance and species associations of gastropod community at three study sites in Tongkeina, Manado city. The study sites were Bahowo, Batu Meja and Rap-Rap. Data were collected by sampling methods using quadratic transect technique. The study was conducted from November to December 2012. Over all, 20 species of gastropods comprising 7 families in 4 orders were collected. Among all sites, the highest density of 35,64 individuals/m2 was found in Bahowo site and the lowest density of 14,84 individuals/m2 was found in Rap-Rap site. The highest relative density was found at Batu Meja site, shown by Columbella versicolor species with relative density of 55.9%. Diversity index ranged from 1,4786 (Batu Meja) – 1,9382 (Rap-Rap). Batu Meja site shown an index value of C = 0,35 which indicating that there is dominance by 2 species, i.e.Columbella vesicolor and Columbella rusticoides, in that site.Associations between gastropod species at all three locations formed either positive or zero association, whereas negative associations between gastropod populations were not found. Keywords : community structure, gastropods, seagrass, Tongkeina, Manado ABSTRAK Komunitas gastropoda merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam rantai makanan di padang lamun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis gastropoda dan mengetahui kepadatan populasi, kepadatan relative populasi, keanekaragaman spesies, dominasi dan asosiasi antar spesies gastropoda yang telah dilakukan pada tiga lokasi penelitian di kelurahan Tongkeina kota Manado. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metoda sampling yang menggunakan teknik transek kuadrat. Waktu penelitian pada bulan November sampai Desember 2012. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh 20 spesies gastropoda yang terdiri dari 7 famili dalam 4 ordo. Kepadatan tertinggi dari semua stasiun adalah Stasiun Bahowo yakni 35,64 ind/m2, Stasiun Rap-Rap adalah stasiun yang memiliki kepadatan terendah dari ketiga stasiun penelitian yakni 14,84 ind/m2. Kepadatan relative tertinggi terdapat di Stasiun 1 (Batu Meja) yaitu pada spesies Columbella versicolor dengan kepadatan relatif 55,9 %. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar 1,4786 (Batu Meja)–1,9382 (Rap-Rap). Stasiun Batu Meja dengan nilai indeks C=0,35 menunjukan 2 spesies yang mendominasi yakni Columbella vesicolor dan Columbella rusticoides. Asosiasi antara spesies gastropoda di ketiga lokasi membentuk asosiasi positif dan asosiasi nol, sedangkan asosiasi negative antara populasi gastropoda tidak ditemukan. Kata kunci : struktur komunitas, gastropoda, lamun, Tongkeina, Manado
Coral Fishes the Famili Chaetodontidae in Coral Reef Waters of Para Island Sub District Tatoareng, Sangihe Kepulauan Regency
Authors: Rondonuwu Ari B. , Rembet Unstain N.W.J. , Moningkey Ruddy Dj. , Tombokan John L. , Kambey Alex D. , Wantasen Adnan S. 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of reef fish families chaetodontidae in coral reef waters of Para Island Sub District Tatoareng. This study was conducted at 4 stations. Data collected was done using visual census on the 50-meter transect line at 5 meters depth. In addition to revealing the number of species and abundance of individuals chaetodontidae, data analysis aimed to determine number of species, individual abundance, and the community index. Based on the identification, obtained 27 species from 3 genera and 217 number of individuals. The highest number of species found at station Para 1. 7 species are always found in all observation stations, Chaetodon kleinii, C. punctatofasciatus, C. lunulatus, C. trifascialis, C. vagabundus, Heniochus varius, H. chrysostomus. The species with the largest number of individuals that is Chaetodon kleinii (45 individuals). Chaetodontidae fish species diversity index ranged between 2.207-2.866. Dominance Index are categorized low in the range of 0.078-0.122. Similarity index are categorized high in the range of 0.922-0.971. Keywords : coral fishes, chaetodontidae, coral reef, Para Island
Diversity, Distribution Pattern, Morphometric of Box Mussel Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Reef Flat in Cape Lampangi, South Minahasa
Authors: Mustamu Grace , Lumingas Lawrence J. L , Lohoo Anneke V. 
Published: July 2019

Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758) is a suspension feeder organisms which are found live clustered on dead coral . This study aims to estimate the average density, analyzes the distribution patterns and analyze morphometric aspects of a long-high (thick) relation, length-total weight relation and length-weight index without shell relation of S. bilocularis at that location. Sampling method using transect squares method, with the length of each line is 50m, on each transect placed 10 squares (measuring 1m x 1m). Based on the data analysis of the average density in both transect was 214 individuals with a clustered deployment pattern, with a maximum shell length of 29,64mm. The relation between length and high of shell shows that the growth is allometri negative, length and total weight shell relationships is allometri negative, where the contents of the weight index does not increase with increasing length but declined. Box mussel Septifier bilocularis live clustered with very dense aggregations in intertidal reef flat area on the intertidal zone are exposed at the lowest tide at Cape Lampangi. Keywords : box mussel, morphometric, Cape Lampangi, South Minahasa ABSTRAK Septifer bilocularis (Linnaeus, 1758) merupakan organisme pemakan suspensi yang banyak ditemukan hidup secara mengelompok pada rataan terumbu karang mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga kepadatan rata-rata, menganalisis indeks dispersi atau pola sebaran dan menganalisis aspek morfometrik berupa hubungan panjang-tinggi (tebal), panjang-berat dan panjang-indeks berat tubuh tanpa cangkang dari S. bilocularis di lokasi tersebut. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode transek kuadrat, dengan panjang setiap garis 50 meter, pada masing-masing transek diletakkan 10 kuadrat (berukuran 1m x 1m). Berdasarkan analisis data kepadatan rata-rata secara keseluruhan (kedua transek) adalah 214 individu dengan pola penyebaran mengelompok, dengan panjang cangkang maksimum 29,64mm. Hubungan pertumbuhan panjang dan tinggi cangkang ‘allometri negatif’, hubungan panjang cangkang dan berat total ‘allometri negatif’, di mana pertambahan indeks isi tidak sejalan dengan pertambahan panjang tetapi menurun. Kerang kotak Septifier bilocularis hidup mengelompok dengan agregasi yang sangat padat di daerah intertidal rataan terumbu pada zona intertidal yang terekspos pada saat surut terendah di Tanjung Lampangi. Kata kunci : karang kotak, morfometrik, Tanjung Lampangi, Minahasa Selatan