bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and birth outcomes in a Danish nationwide cohort of women with autoimmune hepatitis and matched population controls
Authors: Grønbæk Lisbet , Vilstrup Hendrik , Jepsen Peter 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundMany patients with autoimmune hepatitis are women of fertile age. Some concerns of these patients are related to pregnancy.AimTo conduct a nationwide study on risk of miscarriage, birth rate, and birth outcomes in women with autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsFrom Danish healthcare registries, 1994‐2015, we identified 179 births in 103 women with autoimmune hepatitis, 70 of which were first‐time singleton births, and 1623 births in 1051 age‐matched women (population controls), 662 of which were first‐time singleton births. We calculated the risk of miscarriage and the birth rate after autoimmune hepatitis diagnosis in women with autoimmune hepatitis and controls. We used logistic regression to compare the odds of adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, congenital malformations and stillbirth) between women with autoimmune hepatitis and controls, adjusting for maternal age and smoking habits.ResultsThe risk of miscarriage was similar in women with autoimmune hepatitis and controls: risk ratio 1.17 (95% confidence interval 0.81‐1.68). The first‐time birth rate, including singleton and multiple births, per 1000 person‐years in women with autoimmune hepatitis was 37 (95% confidence interval 29‐46), in controls 32 (95% confidence interval 30‐35). Age at first‐births was similar in women with autoimmune hepatitis and controls. Women with autoimmune hepatitis had an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio 3.19, 95% confidence interval 1.53‐6.64) and small for gestational age babies (adjusted odds ratio = 3.20, 95% confidence interval 0.33‐31.29), but not of congenital malformations (adjusted odds ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.48‐3.34) or stillbirth. Birth outcomes did not differ in autoimmune hepatitis patients on or off immunosuppression, and with or without cirrhosis.ConclusionsIn Danish women with autoimmune hepatitis, fertility was unaffected. They had an increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age children, but not of congenital malformations or stillbirth.
Games for enhancing basic reading and maths skills: A systematic review of educational game design in supporting learning by people with learning disabilities
Authors: Lämsä Joni , Hämäläinen Raija , Aro Mikko , Koskimaa Raine , Äyrämö Sanna‐Mari 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of games for people with learning disabilities is one way to enhance the quality of learning and respond to the need for inclusive special educational support. Recently, game researchers have highlighted the need for paying more attention to identifying the game design choices that can strengthen learning. This paper reviews recent studies in the field of games that aim at supporting people with difficulties in learning, particularly in basic reading and maths skills. We identify the major characteristics and learning outcomes of the reviewed studies, as well as key design principles that have been used in games for enhancing basic reading and maths skills. The results show that people with specific learning difficulties have positive improvements in the quality of learning. We also found specific gamification elements that have been used to promote the learning of basic reading and maths skills. However, we call for research, which would explicitly examine the effects of game design choices on learning. Currently, the studies that address learning disabilities do not specifically define which kind of games and game design the results refer to, while game design studies do not clarify how these games influence learning. Thus, there is a need to rethink previous empirical studies on game settings for people with learning difficulties via advancing the role of game design in empirical intervention studies.
Explaining early moral hypocrisy: Numerical cognition promotes equal sharing behavior in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Chernyak Nadia , Harris Paul L. , Cordes Sara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent work has documented that despite preschool‐aged children's understanding of social norms surrounding sharing, they fail to share their resources equally in many contexts. Here we explored two hypotheses for this failure: an insufficient motivation hypothesis and an insufficient cognitive resources hypothesis. With respect to the latter, we specifically explored whether children's numerical cognition—their understanding of the cardinal principle—might underpin their abilities to share equally. In Experiment 1, preschoolers’ numerical cognition fully mediated age‐related changes in children's fair sharing. We found little support for the insufficient motivation hypothesis—children stated that they had shared fairly, and failures in sharing fairly were a reflection of their number knowledge. Numerical cognition did not relate to children's knowledge of the norms of equality (Experiment 2). Results suggest that the knowledge–behavior gap in fairness may be partly explained by the differences in cognitive skills required for conceptual and behavioral equality.
Maternal recurrent pregnancy loss is associated with an increased risk for long‐term neurological morbidity in offspring
Authors: Paz Levy Dorit , Wainstock Tamar , Sheiner Eyal , Sergienko Ruslan , Landau Daniella , Walfisch Asnat 
Published: July 2018

AimTo determine whether maternal history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) impacts on the long‐term neurological health of the offspring.MethodA population‐based cohort analysis was performed, including all singletons born between 1991 and 2014 at a single regional tertiary centre. Neurological morbidity up to age 18 years (including cognitive, motor, and psychiatric disorders) in children born to mothers with and without a history of RPL was compared. Cumulative neurological morbidity incidence was compared with survival curves and a Weibull multivariable survival model to control for follow‐up time and relevant confounders.ResultsA total of 242 187 deliveries met the inclusion criteria during the study period, 5% (n=12 182) of which were in mothers with RPL. Epilepsy and developmental disorders were significantly more common in the group with RPL (0.95 vs 0.74/1000 person‐years [p=0.009] and 0.22 vs 0.09/1000 person‐years [p<0.001]). The survival curves demonstrated significantly higher cumulative incidences of epilepsy and developmental disorders in the group with RPL. The multivariable model exhibited an independent association between maternal RPL and childhood epilepsy (adjusted hazard ratio 1.23; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.50) and developmental disorders in the offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 2.41; 95% confidence interval 1.60–3.64).InterpretationA history of maternal RPL appears to be independently associated with long‐term neurological morbidity of the offspring.What this paper adds

Hospitalizations for epilepsy and developmental disorders are significantly more common among children of mothers with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss.
Development and content validation of the Muscular Dystrophy Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities questionnaire for children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Propp Roni , McAdam Laura , Davis Aileen M , Salbach Nancy M , Weir Shannon , Encisa Clarissa , Narayanan Unni G 
Published: July 2018

AimTo develop a patient‐reported outcome measure that comprehensively captures the health‐related priorities of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodChildren withDMDand their parents completed the iteratively revised versions of the Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD), followed by a cognitive interview to develop a pilot version of a new measure. Multidisciplinary health care professionals completed an item‐by‐item analysis of the measure and a 14‐item sensibility questionnaire. Minimum content validity ratio for each item of the new measure and the mean score (0–7) for the items of the sensibility questionnaire were calculated.ResultsTheCPCHILDunderwent changes over 19 interviews with children and their parents, resulting in the pilot Muscular Dystrophy Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (MDCHILD). The content validity ratio of eachMDCHILDitem ranged from 0.85 to 1 based on health care professionals’ ratings. The mean score exceeded the threshold of four for all items of the sensibility questionnaire. Based on child, parent, and health care professional recommendations, 16 items were added, six eliminated, and 15 items modified from the originalCPCHILD. TheMDCHILDconsists of 47 items over seven domains.InterpretationTheMDCHILDmet all sensibility criteria by children withDMD, their parents, and health care professionals, and is ready for psychometric evaluation.What this paper addsThe Muscular Dystrophy Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (MDCHILD) is a new patient‐reported outcome measure for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).The Priority Framework of Outcomes underpins the content for the MDCHILD.The MDCHILD incorporates the health‐related priorities of males with DMD and their parents.The MDCHILD was deemed sensible by children, their parents, and health care professionals.
HbA1c values and hospital admissions in children and adolescents receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy
Authors: Evans‐Cheung T. C. , Campbell F. , Yong J. , Parslow R. C. , Feltbower R. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess HbA1c values and hospitalization rates before, during and after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy.MethodsDemographic and hospitalization data were extracted from 161 individuals with Type 1 diabetes who received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy between 2002 and 2013 at the Leeds Children and Young People's Diabetes Service for those aged < 20 years. The median (range) age at CSII start was 11.9 (1.1–17.6) years. The median (range) follow‐up time was 2.3 (0–8.1) years. Random intercept models were used to compare HbA1c values before and during CSII initiation (and after CSII for those who discontinued it). Hospitalization rates were calculated for diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia.ResultsThe mean HbA1c concentration decreased by 7 mmol/mol [95% CI 6–8; 0.6% (95% CI 0.5–0.7%)]. For the discontinued group (n=30), mean HbA1c decreased by 5 mmol/mol [95% CI 2–8; 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.7%)]. HbA1c returned to pre‐CSII start levels at the end of this therapy. Diabetic ketoacidosis admissions increased threefold during CSII compared with before CSII start [2.2 per 100 person‐years (95% CI 1.3 to 3.6) vs 7.4 per 100 person‐years (95% CI 5.1 to 10.8)] and was highest during the first year of CSII. No difference in severe hypoglycaemia incidence rate was found during CSII compared with the pre‐CSII period.ConclusionsDespite significant reductions in HbA1c levels for individuals treated with CSII, improvements are needed to reduce diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalizations for those new to the therapy.
Long‐term cost‐effectiveness of a Patient Empowerment Programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care
Authors: Lian Jinxiao , McGhee Sarah M. , So Ching , Chau June , Wong Carlos K. H. , Wong William C. W. , Lam Cindy L. K. 
Published: July 2018

AimTo evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of a Patient Empowerment Programme (PEP) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in primary care.Materials and MethodsPEP participants were subjects with type 2 DM who enrolled into PEP in addition to enrolment in the Risk Assessment and Management Programme for DM (RAMP‐DM) at primary care level. The comparison group was subjects who only enrolled into RAMP‐DM without participating in PEP (non‐PEP). A cost‐effectiveness analysis was conducted using a patient‐level simulation model (with fixed‐time increments) from a societal perspective. We incorporated the empirical data from a matched cohort of PEP and non‐PEP groups to simulate lifetime costs and outcomes for subjects with DM with or without PEP. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) in terms of cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained were calculated. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted with results presented as a cost‐effectiveness acceptability curve.ResultsWith an assumption that the PEP effect would last for 5 years as shown by the empirical data, the incremental cost per subject was US $197 and the incremental QALYs gained were 0.06 per subject, which resulted in an ICER of US $3290 per QALY gained compared with no PEP across the lifetime. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed 66% likelihood that PEP is cost‐effective compared with non‐PEP when willingness‐to‐pay for a QALY is ≥US $46 153 (based on per capita GDP 2017).ConclusionsBased on this carefully measured cost of PEP and its potentially large benefits, PEP could be highly cost‐effective from a societal perspective as an adjunct intervention for patients with DM.
Needs for information and reasons for (non)adherence in chronic myeloid leukaemia: Be aware of social activities disturbing daily routines
Authors: Boons Christel C. L. M. , Harbers Lorette , Timmers Lonneke , de Jong Jan , Swart Eleonora L. , Harry Hendrikse N. , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Hugtenburg Jacqueline G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo obtain insight into patients’ reasons for medication (non)adherence in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and needs and wishes regarding information and communication.MethodsA mixed‐method study on the basis of a questionnaire and semi‐structured interviews. The CML patient advocacy group asked patients to participate.ResultsSixty‐one patients (54 ± 12 years, 43% male) using imatinib, dasatinib or nilotinib participated. Fifteen patients (25%) reported to miss an intake at least once a month. Most were not worried about missing an intake and did not discuss missed intakes with their healthcare provider (HCP). Social activities disturbing daily routines and the wish to avoid side effects resulted in nonadherence. Patients wanted extensive and understandable information provided timely on all aspects of CML treatment, in particular on side effects, and a more supportive HCP attitude.ConclusionsNonadherence to CML medication does not cause concern in all patients and is not discussed pro‐actively. HCP have a clear role in supporting medication adherence in CML and must be aware that social activities disturbing daily routines contribute to nonadherence. HCP should discuss (non)adherence in a direct manner, motivate patients to play an active role in managing their medication and timely provide extensive and understandable information on all aspects of CML.
The clinical heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Greenland Julia C. , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Barker Roger A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily a movement disorder, there are a range of associated nonmotor symptoms, including cognitive impairment, depression and sleep disturbance. These can occur throughout the disease course, even predating the motor syndrome. However, both motor and nonmotor symptoms are variable between individual patients. Rate of disease progression is also heterogenous: although 50% have reached key milestones of either postural instability or dementia within 4 years from diagnosis, almost a quarter have a good prognosis at 10 years. In this review we discuss how a range of different factors including clinical features, pathology and genetics, have been used to describe the heterogeneity of PD. We explore the value of longitudinal studies of incident PD cohorts, based on our own experience in Cambridgeshire, to define differences in rates of disease progression and predictors of outcome, including how such studies have informed the development of prognostic models which can be used at an individual patient level. Finally, we discuss the benefits of better understanding the basis of heterogeneity of PD in terms of implications for the development and trialling of more targeted therapies for different subgroups of patients, including regenerative approaches.
Communicating nutrition information at the point of purchase: An eye‐tracking study of shoppers at two grocery stores in the United States
Authors: Bartels Mike , Tillack Katherin , Jordan Lin Chung‐Tung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProviding nutrition information at the point of purchase is one approach that can be used to help consumers adopt and maintain a healthy diet. Previous research has examined consumer self‐reported notice and use of the information as well as how the design of the information affects its attention and use in a laboratory environment using eye‐tracking methodology. This study advances the literature by applying eye‐tracking methodology to explore consumer visual and choice behavior in a real shopping environment, and by recognizing that nutrition information competes with other visual stimuli in the store and consumers are vulnerable to a “limited attention span” for nutrition information in a shopping setting. Data came from a cross‐sectional survey conducted in two grocery stores in the United States in July 2014 with a convenience sample of 60 grocery shoppers while they were selecting and buying items from one of three product categories (ready‐to‐eat cereal, snacks, and soup). The study finds that point‐of‐purchase nutrition information faced strong competition for participants’ attention from other visual elements in a real shopping environment and the attention is dominated by nonnutrition elements, particularly brand/product name, product imagery, and product pricing. Nutrition‐related information, on the other hand, received much less attention, with claims and front‐of‐package nutrition symbols seen by more participants than the Nutrition Facts label. The study suggests that to more effectively enable nutrition information to “catch the eyes” of shoppers at the point of purchase, increasing consumer exposure to the information and enhancing shopper education may merit further investigation.
Selecting the best risk measure in multiobjective cash management
Authors: Salas‐Molina Francisco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider cash management from a multidimensional perspective in which cost and risk are desired goals to minimize. Cash managers interested in minimizing risk need to select the most appropriate risk measure according to their particular needs. In order to assess the quality of alternative risk measures, we empirically compare eight different risk measures in terms of the combined cost–risk performance of a cash management model. To this end, we rely on goal programming to derive optimal solutions for cash management models. Our results show that risk measures based on cost deviations better capture risk in comparison to those based on a reference cash balance. The methodology proposed in this paper allows cash managers to propose and evaluate new risk measures.
A process control algorithm for reaction‐diffusion minimum time heating cycles for binder removal from green bodies
Authors: Lombardo Stephen J. , Retzloff David G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMinimum time heating cycles have been simulated for binder removal from ceramic green bodies where the product of binder decomposition exits the green body via diffusion. The model consists of the reaction‐diffusion partial differential equation, ordinary differential equations describing the reaction kinetics and a heating function, and algebraic equations, one of which imposes a constraint on concentration or pressure to avoid failure of the green body. Two solution approaches were compared: an earlier approximate method based on the pseudo‐steady state assumption combined with a variational calculus algorithm and a new approach based on the finite element method combined with a process control algorithm. The agreement between the two solution strategies reinforces the validity of the pseudo‐steady state approximation and the utility of the process control methodology. The latter, which was also applied to problems in which no approximate solution was obtainable, is thus a general method for obtaining minimum time heating cycles.
Innate immune cells in reproduction
Authors: Negishi Yasuyuki , Takahashi Hidemi , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Takeshita Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFetomaternal immune tolerance is required to prevent fetal rejection during pregnancy; simultaneously, the maternal immune system must also protect the fetus from harmful endogenous and exogenous antigens, including those associated with viral and bacterial infections. Therefore, a delicate immune balance is critical for the maintenance of a successful pregnancy, while disruption of this balance can induce complications such as implantation failure, miscarriage, preterm birth/labor, preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. While the adaptive immune system is critical for the development of tolerance, this review summarizes evidence that modulation of the innate immunity is also essential for achieving this delicate balance between tolerance and protection. Canonical cells of the innate immune system, including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells and invariant natural killer T cells, contribute to the modulation of the immune balance at the fetomaternal interface. The newly identified myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and innate lymphoid cells also appear important for successful reproduction. Moreover, it is possible that sterile inflammation facilitates complications of pregnancy via the innate immune system. In this review, the characteristic features and functions of innate immune cells in fetomaternal immunity and their contributions to pregnancy complications related to sterile inflammation are discussed. These insights on innate immune system function in reproduction may provide new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance and the etiology of pregnancy complications.
Hysteroscopic tubal occlusion using iso‐amyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate in patients with hydrosalpinx
Authors: Amer Mohamed I. M. , Ahmed Mortada E. , Hassan Dalal A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of hysteroscopic tubal occlusion using iso‐amyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate, among infertile women with hydrosalpinx prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF).MethodsHysteroscopic injection of fallopian tubes with hydrosalpinx by 0.5 mL iso‐amyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate was done in 40 infertile women planning for IVF. The patients were then followed‐up after 1 and 3 months, with hysterosalpingography (HSG) to confirm complete tubal occlusion. Reinjection with iso‐amyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate was done in these patients with incomplete tubal occlusion after 1 month of the first injection, followed by HSG 2 months later to confirm complete tubal occlusion. Data were prescribed as range, mean and standard deviation (for parametric variables) and range, number and percentage (for categorical variables).ResultsThe total number of tubes injected in this study was 54, 42 (77.8%) of which were completely occluded after one injection while 12 (22.2%) were partially occluded. Reinjection of the partially occluded tubes was done, and (HSG) of all patients after 3 months of the primary injection confirmed 48 (88.9%) of the tubes completely occluded while 6 (11.1%) remained partially occluded. Thirty‐two (80%) patients underwent one cycle of IVF/ET (embryo transfer), while 8 (20%) patients did not appear for follow‐up. Among the patients who underwent IVF/ET, 24 (75%) got pregnant, while 8 (25%) failed to conceive. Among the pregnant patients, 8 (33.3%) delivered at term, 3 (12.5%) had first trimester abortion, while the remaining 13 (54.2%) did not deliver yet.ConclusionIso‐amyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate used for hysteroscopic tubal occlusion in patients with hydrosalpinx prior to IVF is safe and effective.