bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE GAME OPERATOR ACTING ON WADGE CLASSES OF BOREL SETS
Authors: DEBS GABRIEL , SAINT RAYMOND JEAN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe study the behavior of the game operator $$ on Wadge classes of Borel sets. In particular we prove that the classical Moschovakis results still hold in this setting. We also characterize Wadge classes ${\bf{\Gamma }}$ for which the class has the substitution property. An effective variation of these results shows that for all $1 \le \eta < \omega _1^{{\rm{CK}}}$ and $2 \le \xi < \omega _1^{{\rm{CK}}}$, is a Spector class while is not.
Optimising healthy and safe fish intake recommendations: a trade-off between personal preference and cost
Authors: Persson Maria , Fagt Sisse , Nauta Maarten J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndividuals may perceive personalised dietary advice as more relevant and motivational than national guidelines. Personal preference and food cost are factors that can affect consumer decisions. The objective of this study was to present a method for modelling and analysing the trade-off between deviation from preference and food cost for optimised personalised dietary recommendations. Quadratic programming was applied to minimise deviation from fish preference and cost simultaneously with different weights on the cost for 3016 Danish adults (whose dietary intake and body weight were recorded in a national dietary survey). Model constraints included recommendations for EPA, DHA and vitamin D and tolerable levels for methyl mercury, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls. When only minimising deviation from preference, 50 % of the study population should be recommended to increase fish intake, 48 % should be suggested to maintain current consumption and 2 % should be suggested to decrease fish consumption. When only minimising cost, the vast majority (99 %) should be recommended to only consume herring, which is the least-expensive fish species. By minimising deviation from preference and cost simultaneously with different weights on the cost, personalised optimal trade-off curves between deviation from fish intake preference and fish cost could be generated for each individual in our study population, except for twenty-two individuals (0·7 %) whose contaminant background exposure was too high. In the future, the method of this paper could be applied in the personal communication of healthy and safe food recommendations that fit the preferences of individual consumers.
Biological, environmental and socioeconomic determinants of the human birth sex ratio in the Czech Republic
Authors: Houdek Petr , Dvouletý Ondřej , Pažitka Marek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Trivers–Willard Hypothesis (TWH) states that parents in good conditions bias the sex ratio towards sons and parents in poor conditions bias the sex ratio towards daughters. This study used data from a large nationwide population dataset (N=1,401,851) from the Czech Republic – a modern contemporary society. The study included air pollution and property prices in the TWH estimation, and had a more detailed focus on stillbirths than previous studies. Using official natality microdata from the Czech Statistical Office for years between 1992 and 2010 and data on levels of air pollution in the country over the same period, the study assessed whether the biological and socioeconomic status of mothers and environmental factors affected the sex of children. The results were largely insignificant and not robust across specifications. The presented epidemiological evidence suggests that stillbirths are randomly distributed in the Czech Republic and that the sex ratio is not affected by the socioeconomic status of mothers or by environmental characteristics.
Green Edge Outreach Project: A large-scale public and educational initiative
Authors: Sansoulet Julie , Pangrazi Jean-Jacques , Sardet Noé , Mirshak Sharif , Fayad Ghassan , Bourgain Pascaline , Babin Marcel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA collective outreach approach is fundamental for a scientific project. The Green Edge Project studied the impact of climate change on the dynamics of phytoplankton and their role in the Arctic Ocean, including the impact on human populations. We involved scientists and target audiences to ensure that the communications strategy was in agreement with scientists and audience requirements. We developed websites (academic site and blogs and an educational platform). Then, we produced a 52-minute documentary, ‘Arctic Bloom’, and infographics were created to explain experiments on the ice. We also organised a photo exhibition and live videos that enabled primary school-age students to ask questions directly of scientists working on the research icebreaker. Finally, both students and professionals drew their own conception of Arctic science, and our social media sites reached diverse groups of people. The evaluation results showed a large number of education structures (approximately 8000 schools and 104 museums or educational organisations) engaged with our communications outputs and encouraging statistics about website visits (117 021 and 3739 visits on the blog and the YouTube channel, respectively). Selecting different, but intersecting techniques, to promote a better understanding of the science contributed to the success of the communication and outreach outputs of the 3-year project.
Drones as a Threat to Wildlife: YouTube Complements Science in Providing Evidence about Their Effect
Authors: Rebolo-Ifrán Natalia , Graña Grilli Maricel , Lambertucci Sergio A 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAlthough drones are becoming very common in the skies, most concerns about their use are not focused on their possible impact on wildlife. We used the information available from the scientific literature on the effects of drones on wildlife and complement it with Internet (YouTube) information to evaluate whether recreational activities using drones produce behavioural responses from wildlife. Scientific papers specifically evaluating the effects of drones on wildlife are scarce but increasing. Nonetheless, we found abundant videos in which many species from different taxonomic groups and multiple countries presented behavioural responses to drone overflights. Furthermore, 26% of the species that were disturbed are included in one of the International Union for Conservation of Nature categories of threat. We found that wildlife that use aerial and terrestrial habitats are more likely to show a behavioural response than those occupying aquatic habitats. The Internet is becoming a source of evidence of disturbances to wildlife that should be considered, particularly for recreational activities. We advocate for the use of technology, but argue that funding and effort should be devoted to evaluating drone impacts on wildlife. We call for educational programmes for laypeople who use drones for recreation and for more research and regulations on their use in sensitive wildlife areas.
Monitoring Antarctic toothfish in McMurdo Sound to evaluate the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area
Authors: Parker S.J. , Mormede S. , Hanchet S.M. , Devries A. , Canese S. , Ghigliotti L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe developed a random, stratified, vertical longline survey in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, to compare the local age and size composition, diet and reproductive status of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) with those observed from a vessel-based survey of the southern Ross Sea shelf that includes a McMurdo Sound stratum. Results indicated that southern McMurdo Sound toothfish were larger and older than those a short distance away in northern McMurdo Sound. These data, in addition to recoveries of tagged fish, suggest that the large toothfish in McMurdo Sound may have limited mixing with the rest of the population. The potential effects of climate change and fishing in northern areas on toothfish abundance in McMurdo Sound will depend on the mechanism of toothfish recruitment to McMurdo Sound. Understanding the ecological relationships between McMurdo Sound toothfish and the larger population is required to predict these impacts. Furthermore, because toothfish predators (type C killer whalesOrcinus orca, Weddell sealsLeptonychotes weddellii) are abundant in the south-west margins of the Ross Sea, it is important to monitor toothfish in McMurdo Sound as part of the monitoring programme for the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area.
Living the heart in three dimensions: applications of 3D printing in CHD
Authors: Forte Mari Nieves Velasco , Hussain Tarique , Roest Arno , Gomez Gorka , Jongbloed Monique , Simpson John , Pushparajah Kuberan , Byrne Nick , Valverde Israel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdvances in biomedical engineering have led to three-dimensional (3D)-printed models being used for a broad range of different applications. Teaching medical personnel, communicating with patients and relatives, planning complex heart surgery, or designing new techniques for repair of CHD via cardiac catheterisation are now options available using patient-specific 3D-printed models. The management of CHD can be challenging owing to the wide spectrum of morphological conditions and the differences between patients. Direct visualisation and manipulation of the patients’ individual anatomy has opened new horizons in personalised treatment, providing the possibility of performing the whole procedure in vitro beforehand, thus anticipating complications and possible outcomes. In this review, we discuss the workflow to implement 3D printing in clinical practice, the imaging modalities used for anatomical segmentation, the applications of this emerging technique in patients with structural heart disease, and its limitations and future directions.
The association of overall diet quality with BMI and waist circumference by education level in Mexican men and women
Authors: López-Olmedo Nancy , Popkin Barry M , Mendez Michelle A , Taillie Lindsey Smith 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study evaluated the association of two measures of diet quality with BMI and waist circumference (WC), overall and by education level, among Mexican men and women.Design:We constructed two a priori indices of diet quality, the Mexican Diet Quality Index (MxDQI) and the Mexican Alternate Healthy Eating Index (MxAHEI), which we examined relative to BMI and WC. We computed sex-specific multivariable linear regression models for the total sample and by education level.Setting:Mexico.Participants:Mexican men (n 954) and women (n 1356) participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.Results:Total dietary scores were not associated with BMI in men and women, but total MxDQI was inversely associated with WC in men (−0·10, 95 % CI −0·20, −0·004 cm). We also found that some results differed by education level in men. For men with the lowest education level, a one-unit increase in total MxDQI and MxAHEI score was associated with a mean reduction in BMI of 0·11 (95 % CI −0·18, 0·04) and 0·18 (95 % CI −0·25, −0·10) kg/m2, respectively. Likewise, a one-unit increase in total MxDQI and MxAHEI score was associated with a mean change in WC of −0·30 (95 % CI −0·49, −0·11) and −0·53 (95 % CI −0·75, −0·30) cm, respectively, in men with the lowest level of education. In women, the association of diet quality scores with BMI and WC was not different by education level.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that a higher diet quality in men with low but not high education is associated with lower BMI and WC.
CARTAN SUBALGEBRAS IN DIMENSION DROP ALGEBRAS
Authors: Barlak Selçuk , Raum Sven 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe completely classify Cartan subalgebras of dimension drop algebras with coprime parameters. More generally, we classify Cartan subalgebras of arbitrary stabilised dimension drop algebras that are non-degenerate in the sense that the dimensions of their fibres in the endpoints are maximal. Conjugacy classes by an automorphism are parametrised by certain congruence classes of matrices over the natural numbers with prescribed row and column sums. In particular, each dimension drop algebra admits only finitely many non-degenerate Cartan subalgebras up to conjugacy. As a consequence of this parametrisation, we can provide examples of subhomogeneous$\text{C}^{\ast }$-algebras with exactly$n$Cartan subalgebras up to conjugacy. Moreover, we show that in many dimension drop algebras two Cartan subalgebras are conjugate if and only if their spectra are homeomorphic.
Influencing Elite Opinion on Gender Equality through Framing: A Survey Experiment of Elite Support for Corporate Board Gender Quotas
Authors: Teigen Mari , Karlsen Rune 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article contributes to both the scholarly debates on the controversies over gender quotas and the body of knowledge on framing effects through an investigation of whether national elites, individuals in top positions across 10 sectors of Norwegian society, are susceptible to positive framing of corporate board gender quotas (CBQs). Elites are thought to be more resistant to framing, and their predispositions are found to be stronger and more consistent than those of the general public. However, few, if any, studies have empirically investigated framing effects on national elites. We report on an experiment embedded in a comprehensive survey of Norwegian national elites. The results clearly indicate that elites are susceptible to framing. When exposed to frames highlighting both male dominance among the business elite and the success of CBQs in achieving gender balance on corporate boards, elites were significantly more likely to support gender quotas. Framing effects were primarily found among men, not women, and contrary to expectation, effects were stronger among the business elite. Thus, we should direct our attention to how the framing of issues also influences key stakeholders, and policy makers should consider opposition to gender equality measures as something that has the propensity to change.
Glocalised constitution-making in the twenty-first century: Evidence from Asia
Authors: DE VISSER MAARTJE , SON BUI NGOC 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:How have Asian nations conducted, or how are they conducting, constitution-making in the face of pressures associated with globalisation, and how do they balance those forces with domestic interests and realities? This article aims to develop an analytical framework that can capture this global–local interplay. It introduces the concept of ‘glocalised constitution-making’ to denote the co-existence and relationship between the two governance levels as manifested in the forces, actors and norms pertaining to the process of drafting a new constitution as well as its substance. Glocalisation permeates the entirety of a constitution-making episode, from the impetus to initiate the process, to its design and inclusiveness of interests featured, and the scope of topics considered. The effects of glocalised constitution-making for domestic drafters are arranged along a continuum with approbation and aversion as the polar opposites. The precise location on the continuum will depend on the value preferences of the domestic stakeholders and the matters under consideration. The application of this analytical framework is illustrated with reference to recent constitution-making exercises in Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, East Timor and Sri Lanka.
Retrievals of Aerosol Size Distribution, Spherical Fraction, and Complex Refractive Index From Airborne In Situ Angular Light Scattering and Absorption Measurements
Authors: Espinosa W. Reed , Martins J. Vanderlei , Remer Lorraine A. , Dubovik Oleg , Lapyonok Tatyana , Fuertes David , Puthukkudy Anin , Orozco Daniel , Ziemba Luke , Thornhill K. Lee , Levy Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAerosol models, composed of size distribution, complex refractive index, and spherical fraction, are derived from a new synergistic retrieval of airborne in situ angular scattering measurements made by the Polarized Imaging Nephelometer and absorption measurements from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer. The data utilized include phase function (F11), degree of polarization (−F12/F11), and absorption coefficient (βabs) measured at low relative humidities during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) and Deep Convection Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaigns. The Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) is applied to these measurements to obtain summaries of particle properties that are optically consistent with the original measurements. A classification scheme is then used to categorize the corresponding retrieval results. Inversions performed on the DC3 measurements indicate the presence of a significant amount of dust‐like aerosol in the inflow of storms sampled during this campaign, with the quantity of dust present depending strongly on the underlying surface features. In the SEAC4RS data, the retrieved size distributions were found to be remarkably similar among a range of aerosol types, including urban and industrial, biogenic, and biomass burning (BB) emissions. These aerosol types were found to have average fine mode volume median radii 0.155 ≤ rvf ≤ 0.163μm and lognormal standard deviations 0.32 ≤ σf ≤ 0.36. There were, however, consistent differences between the angular scattering patterns of the BB samples and the other particle types. The GRASP retrieval predominantly attributed these differences to elevated real and imaginary refractive indices in the BB samples (m532nm≈1.55+0.007i) relative to the two other categories (m532nm≈1.51+0.004i).
The Effect of Dynamic Stress Cycling on the Compressive Strength of Rocks
Authors: Braunagel Michael J. , Griffith W. Ashley 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuasi‐static rock strength is a nonconservative property, as fatigue during cyclic loading reduces the macroscopic strength. When strain rate under compressive loading increases above a lithology‐specific threshold, the primary failure mechanism transitions from localized failure along discrete fractures to distributed fracturing. However, the role of load path under high strain rate conditions has not been explored in any detail. We examine the effect of rapid stress cycles on the dynamic compressive strength of Westerly Granite using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar approach and explore the implications of our results for the formation of pulverized fault zone rocks. Under cyclic loading conditions, the compressive strength can be reduced by a factor of 2, demonstrating that, like the quasi‐static strength, the dynamic rock strength is also a nonconservative property. Therefore, traditional high strain rate experimental approaches utilizing simple load paths may overestimate strength when rocks are subjected to complex load paths.
Multidecadal‐ to Centennial‐Scale 10Be Variations in Holocene Sediments of Huguangyan Maar Lake, South China
Authors: Tang Ling , Zhou Weijian , Wang Xisheng , Xian Feng , Du Yajuan , Zhou Jie , Chu Guoqiang , Zhao Guoqing , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report a new high‐resolution Holocene 10Be record from Huguangyan Maar Lake in subtropical‐tropical South China, aimed to detect the atmospheric 10Be production signal in low‐latitude regions. After minimizing climatic effects by regression analyses between 10Be concentration and climatic proxies from the same archive, we successfully distinguished variations in geomagnetic field intensity and solar activity using 2,000‐year low‐ and high‐pass filtering, respectively, of the residual 10Be record (a proxy of the atmospheric 10Be production rate). The resulting 10Be‐derived record of geomagnetic field intensity is generally comparable with geomagnetic models, and the solar‐modulated 10Be signal shows significant correlations with solar activity proxies. The preservation of 10Be production signal in the sediments of this low‐latitude maar lake highlights the largely unexplored potential as well as limitations of 10Be as a tool to reconstruct variations in solar activity and geomagnetic field intensity.
CUGC for posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD)
Authors: Davidson Alice E. , Hafford-Tear Nathaniel J. , Dudakova Lubica , Sadan Amanda N. , Pontikos Nikolas , Hardcastle Alison J. , Tuft Stephen J. , Liskova Petra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Name of the disease (synonyms)

CUGC for posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD).

OMIM# of the disease

122000; 609141; 618031.

Name of the analysed genes or DNA/chromosome segments

OVOL2 (PPCD1); ZEB1 (PPCD3); GRHL2 (PPCD4).

OMIM# of the gene(s)

616441; 189909; 608576.

Review of the analytical and clinical validity as well as of the clinical utility of DNA-based testing for variants in the
OVOL2, ZEB1
and
GRHL2
gene(s) in a diagnostic setting, predictive and parental settings and for risk assesment in relatives.
Inferring causation from time series in Earth system sciences
Authors: Runge Jakob , Bathiany Sebastian , Bollt Erik , Camps-Valls Gustau , Coumou Dim , Deyle Ethan , Glymour Clark , Kretschmer Marlene , Mahecha Miguel D. , Muñoz-Marí Jordi , van Nes Egbert H. , Peters Jonas , Quax Rick , Reichstein Markus , Scheffer Marten , Schölkopf Bernhard , Spirtes Peter , Sugihara George , Sun Jie , Zhang Kun , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe heart of the scientific enterprise is a rational effort to understand the causes behind the phenomena we observe. In large-scale complex dynamical systems such as the Earth system, real experiments are rarely feasible. However, a rapidly increasing amount of observational and simulated data opens up the use of novel data-driven causal methods beyond the commonly adopted correlation techniques. Here, we give an overview of causal inference frameworks and identify promising generic application cases common in Earth system sciences and beyond. We discuss challenges and initiate the benchmark platform causeme.net to close the gap between method users and developers.
A global assessment of marine heatwaves and their drivers
Authors: Holbrook Neil J. , Scannell Hillary A. , Sen Gupta Alexander , Benthuysen Jessica A. , Feng Ming , Oliver Eric C. J. , Alexander Lisa V. , Burrows Michael T. , Donat Markus G. , Hobday Alistair J. , Moore Pippa J. , Perkins-Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Smale Dan A. , Straub Sandra C. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause devastating impacts to marine life. Despite the serious consequences of MHWs, our understanding of their drivers is largely based on isolated case studies rather than any systematic unifying assessment. Here we provide the first global assessment under a consistent framework by combining a confidence assessment of the historical refereed literature from 1950 to February 2016, together with the analysis of MHWs determined from daily satellite sea surface temperatures from 1982–2016, to identify the important local processes, large-scale climate modes and teleconnections that are associated with MHWs regionally. Clear patterns emerge, including coherent relationships between enhanced or suppressed MHW occurrences with the dominant climate modes across most regions of the globe – an important exception being western boundary current regions where reports of MHW events are few and ocean-climate relationships are complex. These results provide a global baseline for future MHW process and prediction studies.