bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of hydrogen‐blended natural gas pipeline network considering separation systems
Authors: Gu Shiya , Bai Yunhai , Dong Yachao , Du Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBlending hydrogen into existing natural gas pipelines is considered the most feasible choice for long‐distance, large‐scale hydrogen transportation in the early stage of hydrogen economy development. To integrate the optimization of hydrogen‐blended natural gas pipeline network and subsequent hydrogen/natural gas separation process, this article presents a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model, aiming to minimize the total annual project net cost. To tackle the computational complexity resulting from the large‐scale and nonlinear nature of practical design problems, a decomposition algorithm is tailored to the proposed model. Two case studies demonstrate that compared to stepwise model, the proposed pipeline‐separation integrated model offers economic benefits and practical value, incorporating separation processes and satisfying constraints of hydrogen demand, pressure and blending ratio requirements, which achieves an economically optimal design for both pipeline transportation and separation systems, and provides a viable solution for the broader application of hydrogen‐blended natural gas networks.
Apocynaceae wood evolution matches key morphological innovations
Authors: Beckers Vicky , Endress Mary , Baas Pieter , Smets Erik , Lens Frederic 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPremiseThis paper provides an overview of the wood anatomy of the dogbane family (Apocynaceae), reconstructs wood anatomical trait evolution, and links this evolution with woody growth‐form transitions and floral and seed trait innovations across the family.MethodsOver 200 published wood anatomical descriptions were revised, and original light microscopic sections were made and described for another 50 species. Changes in wood anatomical characters through time were visualized with ancestral state reconstructions. Tests for correlated evolution were performed using a combined data set of anatomical and key floral and seed traits to identify potential synnovations and traits associated with growth‐form adaptations.ResultsThere was a shift toward a suite of wood anatomical traits that separate the rauvolfioids and early‐branching apocynoids from the core apocynoids, including an increased presence of vessel multiples, vessel dimorphism, laticifers, vascular (cambial) variants, and paratracheal axial parenchyma. The presence of this trait suite, which continues in Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae, coincides with a progression of floral morphological innovations that evolved on consecutive nodes in the family, and also relates to more frequent transitions toward the climbing and herbaceous habits. In addition, a considerable shortening of vessel elements and fibers along the phylogenetic backbone of the family is correlated with a general reduction in plant size.ConclusionsThere are clear evolutionary transitions in the wood anatomy of Apocynaceae representing structural adaptations across the family that are associated with a quick succession of evolutionary changes of the floral bauplan.
APOE ε4–associated heterogeneity of neuroimaging biomarkers across the Alzheimer's disease continuum
Authors: Mares Jason , Kumar Gautam , Sharma Anurag , Emrani Sheina , McIntire Laura Beth , Guo Jia , Menon Vilas , Nuriel Tal ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWhile the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility has been studied extensively, much less is known about the differences in disease presentation in APOE ε4 carriers versus non‐carriers.METHODSTo help elucidate these differences, we performed a broad analysis comparing the regional levels of six different neuroimaging biomarkers in the brains of APOE ε4 carriers versus non‐carriers who participated in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).RESULTSWe observed significant APOE ε4–associated heterogeneity in regional amyloid beta deposition, tau accumulation, glucose uptake, brain volume, cerebral blood flow, and white matter hyperintensities within each AD diagnostic group. We also observed important APOE ε4–associated differences in cognitively unimpaired individuals who converted to mild cognitive impairment/AD versus those who did not convert.DISCUSSIONThis observed heterogeneity in neuroimaging biomarkers between APOE ε4 carriers versus non‐carriers may have important implications regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD in different subpopulations.Highlights
An extensive study was performed on the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4–associated heterogeneity in neuroimaging biomarkers from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
Robust APOE ε4–associated increases in amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition throughout the brain, in every diagnostic group, were observed.
APOE ε4–associated increases in tau pathology, decreases in glucose uptake, and increases in brain atrophy, which expand in regional scope and magnitude with disease progression, were observed.
Significant sex‐ and age‐related differences in APOE ε4–associated neuroimaging biomarker heterogeneity, with overall increases in pathological presentation in female APOE ε4 carriers, were observed.
Regional differences in Aβ deposition, tau accumulation, glucose uptake, ventricle size, and white matter hyperintensities were observed in cognitively normal participants who converted to mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer's disease, which may hold potential predictive value.
The contribution of cerebral small vessel disease in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Insights from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Cai Hanlin , Huang Keru , Yang Feng , He Jiaojiang , Hu Na , Gao Hui , Feng Shiyu , Qin Linyuan , Wang Ruihan , Yang Xiyue , Wang Shan , Liao Qian , Liu Yi , Zhou Dong , Zhou Liangxue , Hao Zilong , Chen Qin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and cerebral small vessel disease (CVSD) are age‐related diseases, but their prevalence and clinical relationship are unclear.METHODSThis prospective cohort study enrolled 95 patients with probable iNPH in China and evaluated their CSVD burden using magnetic resonance imaging. Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between CSVD scores and clinical outcomes.RESULTSThe results showed 78% of the patients had at least one CSVD imaging marker, and higher total CSVD scores were significantly associated with declines in attention, executive function, psychomotor speed, and gait performance after multivariate adjustments. However, the preoperative CSVD score did not affect the post‐shunt improvement in modified Rankin scale or iNPH grading scale scores.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that CSVD is prevalent in patients with iNPH and is associated with more severe symptoms, but it may not affect shunt outcomes. Future studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Highlights
We found that 78% of the patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) had at least one type of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) imaging marker.
The CSVD burden aggravates cognitive and gait impairments in patients with iNPH but may not affect shunt outcomes.
The effects of different imaging markers of CSVD on cognition and gait are different and worthy of further investigation.
Shielding Fluoride Ion Basicity through Diurea Coordination for Nonaqueous Fluoride Shuttle Batteries
Authors: Wang Huijian , Lei Chengjun , Liu Tingting , Meng Ruijin , Liang Xiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe strong basicity of fluoride ions leads to detrimental nucleophilic attack on organic components in the electrolytes, such as β‐hydrogen elimination reactions with organic cations and solvents, converting “naked” F− into corrosive and unstable bifluoride (HF2−) ions. These reactions significantly constrain the choice of suitable solvents and salts to develop electro(chemical) stable fluoride ion electrolytes. In this work, we replaced the triple water ligands typically present in industrial organic fluoride salts with dual 1,3‐diphenylurea (DPU) coordination via hydrogen bonding interaction. This modification successfully suppressed the Lewis basicity of fluoride ions, providing long‐term chemical stability (over 1000 hours) across a wide range of aprotic solvents, a broadened electrochemical stability window (−2.5–0.9 V vs. Ag+/Ag) and high ionic conductivity (1.7 mS cm−1) at room temperature. Additionally, the weaker hydrogen bonding in F−‐DPU coordination, compared to the conventional boron‐based anion acceptor (AA) strategy that relies on intensive Lewis acid‐base interactions, facilitates faster (de)fluorination kinetics at the electrode. The proposed room temperature fluoride ion batteries sustain improved electrochemical performance by pairing with the Pb‐PbF2 anode and BiF3 or Ag cathode.
Non‐Canonical C16 Homoterpene Biosynthesis Widespread in Actinobacteria
Authors: Reuter Tatjana , Dieminger Lars , Steidle Sarah , Zoller Katrin , Holocher Maximilian , Zhou Lin , Hanauska Dominik Matthias , Racz Katharina , Barra Lena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel biosynthetic pathway towards the rare and underexplored non‐canonical family of homoterpenes was discovered in actinobacteria through targeted genome mining and enzymatic in vitro reconstitution. The pathway comprises initial methylation‐induced double bond isomerization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to (2E,7E)‐6‐methyl‐farnesyl diphosphate, catalyzed by a novel family of methyltransferases with unique dual function. The resulting linear C16 double bond isomer of FPP constitutes the specific substrate for a distinct family of type I terpene cyclases, catalyzing diverse cyclization reactions. Functional characterization of nine enzyme pairs led to discovery of five unprecedented homoterpene natural products. The enzymological novelty enables the development of novel biocatalytic and genetically programmable synthetic strategies towards methylated terpenoids with potentially unique properties (“magic methyl effect”).
Investigation of the Optical, Electric Properties, and Conduction Mechanism of the Cubic Spinel LiMn2O4
Authors: Karoui K. , Trabelsi K. , Drissi N. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLiMn2O4 spinel was prepared via a solid‐state process. Powder XRD results revealed the formation of a single cubic phase structure with the grain sizes of 0.13 μm. The cubic spinel LiMn2O4 crystallized in the three‐dimensional (3D) frameworks of the MnO4 and LiO4 tetrahedra units. The optical study presents a band gap around 2.57 eV. We studied the stability of lithium‐manganese oxides using electrical impedance over a temperature range of 323 to 453 K. The AC electrical conductivity is on the order of 10−3–10−2 Ω·cm−1, confirming the semiconductor character of the material and indicating its importance in optoelectronic and energy storage devices. The variation of the exponent s indicates its significance, demonstrating that the overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) conduction model describes the two phases of this material.
Investigating the Impact of Systematic Hard Segment Modulation on Performance of Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Thermoset Polyurethane Elastomers
Authors: Tahir Naveed Ahmad , Ahmad Zubir Syazana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the versatility and extensive applications of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)‐based thermoset polyurethanes (PUs), research on tailoring their performance through hard‐segment modulation is limited. In this study, the impact of hard segment (HS) content modulation (20%–50%) on the properties of two series of HTPB‐based thermoset PU elastomers at R (NCO/OH) 1.5 and 1.6 was investigated. The effect of increasing the HS content on processability, structural confirmation, physico‐mechanical properties, thermal properties, and crystallinity was evaluated through rheological analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Both series showed 19% and 23% increases in the hydrogen bonding index (HBI) with HS modulation. The pot life at R = 1.5 decreased from 373 to 284 min and at R = 1.6, from 265 to 210 min. The crosslink density, glass transition temperature, and thermal stability increased for both series with higher HS content. At R = 1.5, the tensile strength increased by 105% and the maximum elongation increased to 40% HS before decreasing. At R = 1.6, the tensile strength increased by 81%, and the maximum elongation increased to 30% HS before decreasing. These findings clarify how hard‐segment modulation affects thermosetting PU structure, processing, and performance.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)‐kojyl‐styryl‐sulfones: Novel recilisib hybrids as promising radioprotectors
Authors: Ahmadi Reza , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Emami Saeed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadioprotectors are synthetic compounds, natural products, or biological agents that are administered before irradiation to protect normal cells against ionizing radiation (IR)‐induced injuries. We have designed novel hybrid (E)‐kojyl‐styryl‐sulfones 10a–n by applying the pharmacophore hybridization strategy to combine key structural motifs of the natural antioxidant kojic acid and the emerging radioprotector Ex‐RAD (recilisib sodium). These hybrids were successfully synthesized and characterized with (E)‐geometry. In vitro radioprotective activity along with the corresponding O‐benzylated and O‐methoxylated derivatives (9a–n, 14, and 15) was evaluated on human foreskin fibroblast 1 (HFF‐1) cells irradiated with a 10‐Gy dose of X‐rays. In particular, hybrids 10b, 10d, 10f, 10g, and 10n exhibited the highest radioprotection effect at the 10 µM concentration, more effective than the parent compounds. It should be noted that the 3,4,5‐trimethoxystyryl analog 10n was the most effective compound. Surprisingly, the O‐benzylated 3,4,5‐trimethoxystyryl analog (9n) also showed an excellent radioprotective effect. Moreover, the antioxidant evaluation of these selected hybrids on the IR‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation in the HFF‐1 cells revealed that they could significantly downregulate IR‐induced oxidative stress in the HFF‐1 cells, while mechanistically recilisib is not a well‐established ROS scavenger. The obtained results suggest that these privileged (E)‐kojyl‐styryl‐sulfones can serve as promising radioprotectors for further studies and development.
Information avoidance: A critical conceptual review. An Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST) paper
Authors: Hicks Alison , McKenzie Pamela , Bronstein Jenny , Seiden Hyldegård Jette , Ruthven Ian , Widén Gunilla 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInformation avoidance has long been in the shadow of information seeking. Variously seen as undesired, maladaptive, or even pathological, information avoidance has lacked the sustained attention and conceptualization that has been provided to other information practices. It is also, perhaps uniquely among information practices, often invoked to blame or censure those who engage in it. However, closer examination of information avoidance reveals nuanced and complex patterns of interactions with information, ones that often have positive and beneficial outcomes. We challenge the simplistic tenor of this conversation through this critical conceptual review of information avoidance. Starting from an examination of how information avoidance has been treated within information science and related disciplines, we then draw upon the various terms that have been used to describe a lack of engagement with information to establish seven core characteristics of the concept. We subsequently use this analysis to establish our definition of information avoidance as practices that moderate interaction with information by reducing the intensity of information, restricting control over information, and/or excluding information based on perceived properties. We consider the implications of this definition and its view of information avoidance as a significant information practice on information research.
2D Cerium‐Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines via Hantzsch Reaction
Authors: Yu Yi‐Han , He Jia‐Lu , Wang Hai‐Lan , Weng Guang‐Ju , Wu Jia‐Qi , Lu Jian‐Mei , Shao Li‐Xiong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, a new two‐dimensional (2D) Ce‐organic frameworks (referred to as SLX‐4) was achieved by traditional solvothermal conditions. Initial studies of SLX‐4 toward Hantzsch reaction showed that good catalytic activity can be obtained under mild conditions, giving the desired 1,4‐dihydropyridines in moderate to high yields. The catalyst could be reused at least 4 times keeping good catalytic activity. Moreover, compared to the previously reported MOFs catalysts for Hantzsch reactions, SLX‐4 was stable in most acidic and basic environment, and gave comparable yield.
Electron‐rich Phosphines Catalyzed Head‐to‐Tail Dimerization of Renewable Alkyl Crotonates
Authors: Wen Lang‐Qi , Zhou Hui , Ren Wei‐Min , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, a facile head‐to‐tail dimerization of alkyl crotonates using electron‐rich N,N′‐bis(imidazolyl) guanidinylphosphines (BIG−Ps) as organocatalysts was firstly developed. This reaction proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions, effectively generating a series of functionalized 2‐ethylidene‐3‐methylpentanedioates in excellent yields and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the synthesis of unsaturated polyesters by employing alkyl dicotonates as monomers. More importantly, thermal performance and crystallinity of the resulting polyesters could be effectively regulated through post‐polymerization modification using a thiol‐ene “click” reaction. The results of mass spectrometry experiments revealed that the head‐to‐tail dimerization of alkyl cotonates tends to proceed via a BIG−Ps‐mediated nucleophilic addition mechanism, analogous to that proposed for the classical Rauhut‐Currier reaction.
The Long‐Term Variability of a Population of ULXs Monitored by Chandra
Authors: Earnshaw Hannah P. , Patti Gauri , Brightman Murray , Sathyaprakash Rajath , Walton Dominic J. , Fürst Felix , Roberts Timothy P. , Harrison Fiona A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe present preliminary results of a Chandra Large Program to monitor the ultraluminous x‐ray source (ULX) populations of three nearby, ULX‐rich galaxies over the course of a year, finding the ULX population to show a variety of long‐term variability behaviours. Of a sample of 36 ULXs, some show persistent or moderately variable flux, often with a significant relationship between hardness and luminosity, consistent with a supercritically accreting source with varying accretion rates. Six show very high‐amplitude variability with no strong relationship between luminosity and hardness, though not all of them show evidence of any long‐term periodicity, nor of the bimodal distribution indicative of the propeller effect. We find evidence of additional eclipses for two previously‐identified eclipsing ULXs. Additionally, many sources that were previously identified as ULXs in previous studies were not detected at ULX luminosities during our monitoring campaign, indicating a large number of transient ULXs.
Orienting to and away from the eyes in infants at high likelihood for autism when scanning faces
Authors: Wang Qiandong , Han Ying , Hu Yixiao , Li Xue , Liu Jing , Fang Hui , Li Tianbi , Chang Yanmei , Yi Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study employed eye‐tracking technology to investigate the mechanisms underlying reduced gaze towards the eyes in infants at high likelihood (HL) for autism, specifically examining whether it results from avoidance triggered by heightened arousal when looking at the eyes or due to indifference to the eyes (i.e., unwilling to orient to the eyes). Infants at HL for autism and typically developing (TD) infants aged within 24 months were tested. In the experiment, participants' gaze was initially guided to the eye or mouth region immediately before the onset of the face. Latency to orient away from the guided regions, latency to orient to the eyes, and the location of the secondary fixation following the onset of the face were measured. The results showed that: (1) The HL infants looked less at eyes than TD infants; (2) Compared with TD infants, HL infants oriented towards eyes more slowly after being guided to the mouth; (3) After being guided to the eyes, HL infants' secondary fixation fell less in the eye region, and their latency to orient away from the eyes was also tended to be shorter. These results suggest that reduced eye‐looking time was presented in HL infants, which was further explained by both eye avoidance and indifference to the eyes. Our study contributes theoretically to understanding the atypical face scanning pattern in autistic people and its related underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, our study provides important insights into the development of early screening tools and intervention protocols for autistic people.
Precipitating Zinc‐Polyethylenimine Complex for Long‐Lasting Aqueous Zn‐I Batteries
Authors: Zhang Kaiqiang , Wu Chao , Wang Luoya , Ma Changlong , Kong Pei , Zhuang Kun , Ye Jilei , Wu Yuping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous rechargeable Zn−I battery offers significant advantages for reliable and cost‐effective energy storage applications. However, current aqueous Zn−I batteries still face challenges related to limited cycling performance. Herein, we introduce an innovative in‐situ precipitated zinc‐polyethylenimine (PEI‐Zn2+) complex design. This approach leverages the complexing effect between Zn2+ cations from the aqueous electrolyte and the amino groups of PEI in the cathode, enhancing the performance of aqueous Zn−I batteries. The resulting insoluble PEI‐Zn2+ complex immobilizes iodide species, facilitating efficient battery operation. This novel design enabled an aqueous Zn−I battery to achieve over 5000 cycles with 83.3 % capacity retention. Additionally, the battery demonstrated promising preliminary performance under practical conditions, including fluctuating charging, various states of charge, and integration with photovoltaic solar panels. This work provides new insights into the design of aqueous zinc batteries.
Quantitation of Vaporized γ‐Aminobutyric Acid in Cigarette Smoke Extract From e‐Cigarettes by the Combination of HPLC‐Fluorescence Detection and Derivatization With DBD‐F
Authors: Wada Mitsuhiro , Onodera Haruna , Takada Makoto , Saruwatari Suzuna , Mutoh Junpei , Tachibana Ken , Hayama Tadashi , Kishikawa Naoya , Kuroda Naotaka 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has attracted much attention as a bioactive ingredient, is used in functional foods. Recently, electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) products for inhaling vaporized GABA have become commercially available. In this study, we developed a high‐performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence method for detecting GABA derivatized with 4‐(N,N‐dimethylaminosulfonyl)‐7‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (DBD‐F) in cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The vaporized GABA captured in CSE was derivatized with DBD‐F under moderate conditions (80°C, 30 min). After chromatographic separation, the DBD‐GABA derivative was detected at 437 and 558 nm. The calibration curve of GABA ranging from 10 to 20,000 ng/mL showed good linearity (more than 0.999). The limit of detection at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 was 1.1 ng/mL. The method was applied to the detection of GABA in e‐liquid and CSE for two kinds of e‐cigarette products, and the estimated collection efficiency of GABA was approximately 25%. Furthermore, the detection of minor components, such as glutamine, glutamic acid, and arginine, in the e‐liquid proved that the GABA used in the e‐cigarette was prepared by microbial fermentation.