bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for wild eastern quolls (Dasyurus viverrinus): Variation by age, sex, and season
Authors: Fancourt Bronwyn A. , Nicol Stewart C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) is an endangered carnivorous marsupial that has recently suffered significant population declines. Several small captive breeding populations have been established, with plans to translocate wild and captive individuals to areas of their former distribution. Accordingly, hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals (RIs) established from wild eastern quoll populations are essential for monitoring the health and disease status of both captive and wild populations, and to evaluate the health of individuals before, during, and after translocation.ObjectivesWe aimed to establish hematologic and serum biochemical RIs for wild eastern quolls, and examine the effects of age, sex, and season.MethodsWe collected a total of 202 hematologic samples, 309 packed cell volume samples, and 335 serum biochemical samples from 168 individual quolls between May 2011 and November 2013. Species‐level RIs were established, as well as RIs of groups separated by age (juvenile, adult) and sex (adult male, adult female) using nonparametric, robust, and parametric methods. Seasonal variation in age‐ and sex‐specific reference values was also assessed.ResultsStrong age and seasonal variation were evident in many hematologic and serum biochemical analytes, with significant variation observed in serum biochemical analytes between the sexes.ConclusionsThe observed age, sex, and seasonal variation reflect differences in the timing of growth and reproductive stressors, which interact with seasonal energetic demands. Our findings highlight the importance of using age‐, sex‐, and season‐specific RIs for clinical evaluation of eastern quolls, as species‐level RIs will inadvertently smooth and mask important seasonal fluctuations that reflect reproductive status at different times.
What factors promote or inhibit implementation of a new procedure for screening and treatment of malnutrition in community settings? A prospective process evaluation of theImplementing Nutrition Screening in Community Care for Older People(INSCCOPe) project (UK)
Authors: Bracher Mike , Murphy Jane , Steward Katherine , Wallis Kathy , May Carl R 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionMalnutrition remains underdetected, undertreated and often overlooked by those working with older people in primary care in the UK. A new procedure for screening and treatment of malnutrition is currently being implemented by a large National Health Service (NHS) trust in England, incorporating a programme of training for staff working within Integrated Community Teams and Older People’s Mental Health teams. Running in parallel, the Implementing Nutrition Screening in Community Care for Older People process evaluation study explores factors that may promote or inhibit its implementation and longer term embedding in routine care, with the aim of optimising sustainability and scalability.Methods and analysisImplementation will be assessed through observation of staff within a single area of the trust, in addition to the procedure development and delivery group (PDDG). Data collection will occur at three observation points: prior to implementation of training, baseline (T0); 2 months following training (T1); and 8 months following training (T2). Observation points will consist of a survey and follow-up semistructured telephone interview with staff. Investigation of the PDDG will involve: observations of discussions around development of the procedure; semistructured telephone interviews prior to implementation, and at 6 months following implementation. Quantitative data will be described using frequency tables reporting by team type, healthcare provider role group, and total study sample (Wilcoxon rank-sum and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests may also be conducted if appropriate. Audio and transcription data will be analysed using Nomarlization Process Theory as a framework for deductive thematic analysis (using the NVIVO CAQDAS software package).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study has been granted through institutional ethical review (Bournemouth University); NHS Research Ethics committee approval was not required. Dissemination will occur through presentations to academic and practitioner audiences and publication results in peer-reviewed academic journals.
Prospective cohort study examining cervical cancer screening methods in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Cambodian Women: a comparison of human papilloma virus testing, visualization with acetic acid and digital colposcopy
Authors: Thay Sovannara , Goldstein Andrew , Goldstein Lena Sophia , Govind Vaishnavi , Lim Kruy , Seang Chanthou 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesLogistical and economic issues make traditional cytology-based cervical cancer screening challenging in developing countries. Alternative, cost-effective, screening strategies must be developed to screen millions of women in resource-poor countries such as Cambodia.DesignA prospective cohort study during which all women underwent four cervical cancer screening methods: (1) self-sampled human papilloma virus (HPV) testing (careHPV system), (2) clinician-collected HPV testing, (3) visualization with acetic acid (VIA) and (4) digital colposcopy (DC) with the Enhanced Visual Assessment System (EVA).SettingA referral hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.ParticipantsTwo hundred and fifty Cambodian women (129 HIV+, 121 HIV-). Subjects were recruited from the National Center for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and sexually transmitted disease (STD) cohort, the Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope’s Rural Outreach Teams and the Pochentong Medical Center.ResultsFifty six of the 250 (22.4%) patients tested positive for high-risk HPV (hrHPV+). Thirty seven of the 129 HIV+ women were hrHPV+ (28.6%) whereas 19/121 HIV- women were hrHPV+ (15.7%) p=0.0154. Self-sampling HPV specimens identified 50/56 (89%) whereas physician-collected specimens identified 45/56 (80%) p=0.174. 95.2% of the patients felt comfortable obtaining HPV self-samples. Thirty seven of 250 women were VIA+. Thirty of 37 VIA+ women underwent confirmatory biopsies for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (26 CIN1, 4 CIN2+). The rate of confirmed dysplasia in the HIV+ group was 20/129 (15.5%) compared with 10/121 (8.26%) in HIV- women p=0.0291. The contemporaneous physician impressions of the DC images accurately differentiated between CIN1 and CIN2+ lesions in all 30 women having confirmatory biopsies.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest potential modifications of the current cervical screening strategy that is currently being employed in Cambodia. The first step in this new strategy would be self-swabbing for hrHPV. Subsequently, hrHPV+ patients would have DC and immediate treatment based on colposcopic findings: cryotherapy for suspected CIN1 and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for suspected CIN2+.
Performance of specific immunoglobulin E tests for diagnosing occupational asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lux Harald , Lenz Klaus , Budnik Lygia Therese , Baur Xaver 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the test performance parameters for the retrievable range of high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) occupational allergens and to evaluate the impact of allergenic components and the implementation of measures for test validation.MethodsA protocol with predefined objectives and inclusion criteria was the basis of an electronic literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (time period 1967–2016). The specific inhalation challenge and serial peak flow measurements were the reference standards for the specific IgE (sIgE) test parameters. All of the review procedures were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.ResultsSeventy-one studies were selected, and 62 entered meta-analysis. Pooled pairs analysis indicated a sensitivity of 0.74(95% CI 0.66 to 0.80) and specificity of 0.71(95% CI 0.63 to 0.77) for HMW allergens and a sensitivity of 0.28(95% CI 0.18 to 0.40) and specificity of 0.89(95% CI 0.77 to 0.95) for LMW allergens. Component-specific analysis improved the test parameters for some allergens. Test validation was handled heterogeneously among studies.ConclusionsIgE test performance is rather satisfactory for a wide range of HMW allergens with the potential for component-specific approaches, whereas sensitivity for LMW allergens is considerably lower, indicating methodological complications and/or divergent pathomechanisms. A common standard for test validation is needed.
Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the Agricultural Health Study
Authors: Shrestha Srishti , Parks Christine G , Goldner Whitney S , Kamel Freya , Umbach David M , Ward Mary H , Lerro Catherine C , Koutros Stella , Hofmann Jonathan N , Beane Freeman Laura E , Sandler Dale P 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundFew studies have evaluated associations between pesticides and hyperthyroidism.ObjectiveWe evaluated associations between specific pesticides and incident hyperthyroidism in private pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.MethodsWe used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for associations between pesticide use at enrolment and hyperthyroidism (n=271) in 35 150 applicators (mostly men), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsEver use of several pesticides (organophosphate insecticide malathion, fungicide maneb/mancozeb, herbicides dicamba, metolachlor, and atrazine in overall sample and chlorimuron ethyl among those ≤62 years) was associated with reduced hyperthyroidism risk, with HRs ranging from 0.50 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.83) for maneb/mancozeb to 0.77 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.00) for atrazine. Hyperthyroidism risk was lowest among those with higher intensity-weighted lifetime days of using carbofuran and chlorpyrifos (ptrend ≤0.05).ConclusionsObserved associations between pesticides and decreased risk of hyperthyroidism warrant further investigation.
Combined Low Densities of FoxP3+ and CD3+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Identify Stage II Colorectal Cancer at High Risk of Progression
Authors: Cavalleri Tommaso , Bianchi Paolo , Basso Gianluca , Celesti Giuseppe , Grizzi Fabio , Bossi Paola , Greco Luana , Pitrone Calogero , Valtorta Emanuele , Mauri Gianluca , Truini Mauro , Dall'Olio Filippo Gustavo , Brandi Giovanni , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Ricciardiello Luigi , Torri Valter , Rimassa Lorenza , Siena Salvatore , Mantovani Alberto , Malesci Alberto , Laghi Luigi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe densities of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), combined with tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging, have prognostic value for patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. We compared the prognostic value of CD3+ and FoxP3+ TILs at the invasive front, TNM classifiers, and microsatellite (MS) status in a trial set of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer (n = 413), by recursive partitioning with a classification and regression tree (CART). Significant prognostic factors and interactions were reassessed by logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards modeling in the trial and a validation set (n = 215) of patients with stage II colorectal cancer. In the trial set, CART indicated that TIL numbers were of value only in predicting recurrence risk for stage II cancers, where low densities of FoxP3+ TILs ranked first and low densities of CD3+ TILs further stratifying risk. Multivariate analysis showed that TILs interacted with tumor stage (FoxP3+, P = 0.06; CD3+, P = 0.02) and MS instability (MSI; FoxP3+; P = 0.02). In stage II MS-stable cancers, concomitant low densities of both FoxP3+ and CD3+ TILs identified patients with the highest progression risk in the trial [HR 7.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.41–15.4; P &lt; 0.001] and the validation (HR 15.16; 95% CI, 3.43–66.9; P &lt; 0.001) sets. FoxP3+ and CD3+ TIL load in colorectal cancer was more informative than other prognostic factors before the cancer progressed to lymph nodes. This prognostic information about TILs, including FoxP3+ cells, suggests that randomized controlled trials might be refined to include interactions between TNM status, molecular classifiers, and postsurgical treatments.
A Case Report of Chyloretroperitoneum Post Living-Donor Transplantation
Authors: Kawaguchi Shohei , Kadono Yoshifumi , Nohara Takahiro , Kato Yuki , Nakagawa Tomomi , Urata Satoko , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Nakashima Kazufumi , Iijima Masashi , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: February 2019

Chyloretroperitoneum is a rare complication of urological surgery. Here we report a case of chyloretroperitoneum that occurred in a 28-year-old man post living-donor transplantation. Twenty-nine days post transplantation, perirenal fluid collection and hydronephrosis were detected and percutaneous drainage was performed. The fluid was chylous and revealed a very high triglyceride concentration (1,197 mg/dL). Total parenteral nutrition and administration of octreotide were performed, but the leakage did not improve. On the contrary, the drainage fluid gradually increased to 1,600 mL/day, and a laparoscopic fenestration was performed owing to a concern about the adverse effects of massive lymph loss. Ascites temporarily appeared but disappeared 3 months post fenestration. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of pelvic chyloretroperitoneum post living-donor transplantation. Furthermore, if chyloretroperitoneum treatment using diet control or octreotide is ineffective, laparoscopic fenestration can be considered as a treatment option.
Recruitment of RNA Polymerase II to Metabolic Gene Promoters Is Inhibited in the Failing Heart Possibly Through PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α) Dysregulation
Authors: Bhat Santosh , Chin Adave , Shirakabe Akihiro , Ikeda Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Shohei , Zhai Peiyong , Hsu Chiao-po , Sayed Danish , Abdellatif Maha , Byun Jaemin , Schesing Kevin , Tang Fan , Tian Yimin , Babu Gopal , Ralda Guersom , Warren Junco S. , Cho Jaeyeaon , Sadoshima Junichi , Oka Shin-ichi 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Proper dynamics of RNA polymerase II, such as promoter recruitment and elongation, are essential for transcription. PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]-γ coactivator-1α), also termed PPARGC1a, is a transcriptional coactivator that stimulates energy metabolism, and PGC-1α target genes are downregulated in the failing heart. However, whether the dysregulation of polymerase II dynamics occurs in PGC-1α target genes in heart failure has not been defined.

Methods and Results:
Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that reduced promoter occupancy was a major form of polymerase II dysregulation on PGC-1α target metabolic gene promoters in the pressure-overload–induced heart failure model. PGC-1α-cKO (cardiac-specific PGC-1α knockout) mice showed phenotypic similarity to the pressure-overload–induced heart failure model in wild-type mice, such as contractile dysfunction and downregulation of PGC-1α target genes, even under basal conditions. However, the protein levels of PGC-1α were neither changed in the pressure-overload model nor in human failing hearts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the promoter occupancy of polymerase II and PGC-1α was consistently reduced both in the pressure-overload model and PGC-1α-cKO mice. In vitro DNA binding assays using an endogenous PGC-1α target gene promoter sequence confirmed that PGC-1α recruits polymerase II to the promoter.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that PGC-1α promotes the recruitment of polymerase II to the PGC-1α target gene promoters. Downregulation of PGC-1α target genes in the failing heart is attributed, in part, to a reduction of the PGC-1α occupancy and the polymerase II recruitment to the promoters, which might be a novel mechanism of metabolic perturbations in the failing heart.
Relative Prognostic Importance and Optimal Levels of Risk Factors for Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rawshani Aidin , Rawshani Araz , Sattar Naveed , Franzén Stefan , McGuire Darren K. , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Zethelius Björn , Miftaraj Mervete , Rosengren Annika , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The strength of association and optimal levels for risk factors related to excess risk of death and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus have been sparsely studied.

Methods:
In a national observational cohort study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 1998 to 2014, we assessed relative prognostic importance of 17 risk factors for death and cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. We used Cox regression and machine learning analyses. In addition, we examined optimal cut point levels for glycohemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were followed up until death or study end on December 31, 2013. The primary outcomes were death resulting from all causes, fatal/nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, fatal/nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure.

Results:
Of 32 611 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 1809 (5.5%) died during follow-up over 10.4 years. The strongest predictors for death and cardiovascular outcomes were glycohemoglobin, albuminuria, duration of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Glycohemoglobin displayed ≈2% higher risk for each 1-mmol/mol increase (equating to ≈22% per 1% glycohemoglobin difference), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with 35% to 50% greater risk for each 1-mmol/L increase. Microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria was associated with 2 to 4 times greater risk for cardiovascular complications and death. Glycohemoglobin <53 mmol/mol (7.0%), systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <2.5 mmol/L were associated with significantly lower risk for outcomes observed.

Conclusions:
Glycohemoglobin, albuminuria, duration of diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol appear to be the most important predictors for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lower levels for glycohemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than contemporary guideline target levels appear to be associated with significantly lower risk for outcomes.
Bellevalia sasonii (Asparagaceae): a new species from Turkey
Authors: FİDAN MEHMET 
Published: February 2019

Bellevalia sasonii is herein described as a new species from south-eastern Anatolia, distributed only in the Sason district, in the province of Batman (Turkey), where it grows in oak forest clearances. B.sasonii is morphologically similar to B. malatyaensis, from which can be distinguished by the bulb, leaf, scape, pedicel, bud lobes and capsule characters. A full description and detailed photographs of this new species are provided. In addition, the ecology and phenology of the new species, as well as its etymology and pollen characteristics, are presented and discussed. According to the risk categories of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), B. sasonii was assessed as Endangered (EN). An updated distribution map of B. sasonii and related species are presented.
The Climatological Impact of Recurving North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones on Downstream Extreme Precipitation Events
Authors: Pohorsky Roman , Röthlisberger Matthias , Grams Christian M. , Riboldi Jacopo , Martius Olivia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study provides the first climatological assessment of the impact of recurving North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) on downstream precipitation extremes. The response is evaluated based on time-lagged composites for 146 recurving TCs between 1979 and 2013 and quantified by the area affected by precipitation extremes (PEA) in a domain shifted relative to the TC–jet interaction location, which often encompasses major parts of Europe. The statistical significance of the PEA response to the TCs is determined using a novel bootstrapping technique based on flow analogs. A statistically significant increase in PEA is found between lags +42 and +90 h after the TC–jet interaction, with a doubling of the PEA compared to analog cases without recurving TCs. A K-means clustering applied to the natural logarithm of potential vorticity fields [ln(PV)] around the TC–jet interaction points reveals four main flow configurations of North Atlantic TC–jet interactions. Two main mechanisms by which recurving TCs can foster precipitation extremes farther downstream emerge: 1) an “atmospheric river–like” mechanism, with anomalously high integrated vapor transport (IVT) downstream of the recurving TCs and 2) a “downstream-development” mechanism, with anomalously high IVT ahead of a downstream trough. Hereby, the analog bootstrapping technique separates the impact of the TC from that of the midlatitude flow’s natural evolution on the PEA formation. This analysis reveals an unequivocal effect of the TCs for the atmospheric river–like cases, while for the downstream-development cases, a substantial increase in PEA is also found in the analogs without a TC.
Concept synthesis of dignity in care for elderly facility residents
Authors: Hasegawa Nanako , Ota Katsumasa 
Published: February 2019

Background: Protecting the dignity of elderly residents of facilities and providing dignified care can be difficult. Although attempts have been made from several aspects, dignity is considered an area in which less real impact has been made in both theory and practice. Objective: The objective of this study is to characterize the concept of dignity in care for elderly subjects in residential facilities from a practical perspective through concept synthesis. Research design: This study includes in-depth interviews with residents of elderly facilities and a literature review. Participants and research context: A total of 12 residents of seven facilities in three prefectures in Japan were recruited via purposive sampling, and 27 interviews were conducted. Each digitally recorded interview was transcribed verbatim. The interview data were analyzed based on hermeneutic phenomenological research. The literature was searched using PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science with combinations of terms such as dignity, elderly, and residential facilities and then selected according to the predefined inclusion criteria. The descriptions about dignity in the included studies were divided into codes and compared with the results of the interviews. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the institutional review board of Nagoya University’s Graduate School of Medicine. Findings and discussion: There were 1728 data codes for the interviews from which four themes were generated. In the literature review, 3716 titles were searched, and 28 articles were selected. Combining these results, five following themes and a conceptual matrix were obtained: individual dignity not affected by others; dignified care in a narrow sense; elements of the staff side; dignity in relation to family members, friends, society, and other residents; and dignity in relation to nursing care facilities and the nursing care system. Conclusion: According to the established matrix, we must consider the role of the care system, facility, family, and society in providing care with dignity and the individual dignity to residents and dignity in daily care.