bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of a fringing reef coastline to the direct impact of a tropical cyclone
Authors: Cuttler M. V. W. , Hansen J. E. , Lowe R. J. , Drost E. J. F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTropical cyclones generate extreme hazards along coastlines, often leading to losses of life and property. Although coral reefs exist in cyclone‐prone regions globally, few studies have measured the hydrodynamic conditions and morphological responses of reef‐fringed coastlines to tropical cyclones. Here, we examine the impact of Tropical Cyclone Olwyn on a section of Australia's largest fringing reef (Ningaloo Reef) using in situ wave and water level observations, topographic surveys, and numerical modeling. Despite forereef significant wave heights reaching 6 m and local winds of 140 km h−1, average beach volume change was only −3 m3 m−1. The results indicate that this erosion was due to locally generated wind waves within the lagoon rather than the offshore waves that were dissipated on the reef crest. A comparison of these volume changes to observations of tropical cyclone impacts along exposed sandy beaches quantitatively demonstrates the substantial coastal protection reefs can provide against extreme storms.
High Energy Density and Discharging Efficiency Achieved in Chlorinated Polyethylene Films for High Energy‐Storage Applications
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Li Qian , Zhang Xiao , Li Huayi , Lu Junyong , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolymeric dielectric materials with high energy density (Ue), elevated breakdown strength (Eb), and high discharging efficiency (η) are in demand for high‐pulse metalized film capacitor application. In the present work, a randomly chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) with 71 wt% Cl moiety is fabricated in thin film (8–10 µm). Thanks to the high Cl content, CPE exhibits a rather high glass transition temperature (≈110 °C) and a Young's modulus of 2.6 GPa, which may address its high Eb. The random dispersion of Cl atoms onto the polymer chain is responsible for the well‐maintained medium permittivity (3–4) and low loss at elevated temperature. Both factors result in the rather high Ue (about 12 J cm−3) and high η (about 83%) under an electric field of 700 MV m−1. Its higher energy‐storage capability and operating temperature make CPE a promising polymeric dielectric for high‐pulse metalized film capacitor applications.
α‐synuclein (SNCA) but not dynamin 3 (DNM3) influences age at onset of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) Parkinson's disease in Spain
Authors: Fernández‐Santiago Rubén , Garrido Alicia , Infante Jon , González‐Aramburu Isabel , Sierra María , Fernández Manel , Valldeoriola Francesc , Muñoz Esteban , Compta Yaroslau , Martí María‐José , Ríos José , Tolosa Eduardo , Ezquerra Mario ,   the Barcelona LRRK2 Study Group
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives: A recent study showed that Arab‐Berbers GG homozygous at rs2421947(C/G) in the dynamin 3 gene (DNM3) had 12.5 years earlier age at onset of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)‐associated Parkinson's disease (PD) (L2PD). We explored whether this variant modulates the L2PD age at onset in Spain.Methods: We genotyped rs2421947 in 329 participants (210 L2PD patients, 119 L2PD nonmanifesting p.G2019S carriers), and marker rs356219 (A/G) in the α‐synuclein gene (SNCA).Results: By Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses, we did not find an association of the DNM3 polymorphism with L2PD age at onset. However, we found an association of the SNCA marker with up to an 11 years difference in the L2PD median age at onset (58 years for GG carriers vs 69 years for AA).Conclusion: Our results indicate that SNCA rs356219 but not dynamin 3 DNM3 rs2421947 modifies the penetrance of the mutation G2019S in the Spanish population by influencing the L2PD age at onset. These findings suggest that different genetic modifiers may influence the L2PD age at onset in different populations. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses
Authors: Argaud Soizic , Vérin Marc , Sauleau Paul , Grandjean Didier 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional‐processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia‐based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied simulation theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Voluntary wheel running attenuates urinary bladder hypersensitivity and dysfunction following neonatal maternal separation in female mice
Authors: Pierce Angela N. , Eller‐Smith Olivia C. , Christianson Julie A. 
Published: February 2018

AimsPatients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) commonly suffer from widespread pain and mood disorder, which has been attributed to improper functioning of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Voluntary exercise has been shown to improve HPA axis function, therefore we are determining whether voluntary wheel running can attenuate urological pain and dysfunction following neonatal maternal separation (NMS) in female mice.MethodsMice underwent NMS for 3 h/day from postnatal Day 1‐21, were caged with free access to running wheels at 4 weeks of age, and assessed 4 weeks later for bladder sensitivity, micturition, reward behavior, mast cell degranulation, and HPA axis‐related in vitro analysis.ResultsIncreased bladder sensitivity, void frequency, and mast cell degranulation was observed in adult sedentary (‐Sed) NMS mice, compared to naïve‐Sed controls. Sucrose preference was increased in NMS‐Sed mice and corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF1) and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels were significantly reduced in the hippocampus. Exercise normalized bladder sensitivity, micturition output, and increased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA levels in the hippocampus of NMS mice. Mast cell degranulation was also normalized in NMS bladders following exercise.ConclusionsVoluntary exercise normalized behavioral outcomes resulting from NMS in female mice, increased hippocampal BDNF mRNA levels, and decreased mast cell degranulation in the bladder. Together these results provide novel insight into the efficacy of voluntary exercise to attenuate comorbid outcomes resulting from exposure to early life stress.
Capillary morphogenesis protein 2 is a novel prognostic biomarker and plays oncogenic roles in glioma
Authors: Tan Juan , Liu Mei , Zhang Jun‐Ying , Yao Yue‐Liang , Wang Yan‐Xia , Lin Yong , Song Kang , Tan Jiao , Wu Jin‐Rong , Cui You‐Hong , Wang Yan , Bian Xiu‐Wu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCapillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) was originally identified through its participation in capillary morphogenesis, and subsequently identified as the second receptor for anthrax toxin (ANTXR2). Although tumor‐associated functions of CMG2 have also been reported, the clinical significance and functional mechanism of CMG2 in glioma remain to be elucidated. We assessed the clinicopathological relevance of CMG2 in a cohort of 48 glioma patients as well as through public glioma databases, and explored the function of CMG2 using glioblastoma (GBM) models in vitro and in vivo. CMG2 overexpression was associated with increased tumor grade and poor patient survival. CMG2 promoted G2/M‐phase transition during the cell cycle of GBM cells in vitro and contributed to tumor growth in vivo. We also observed that CMG2 is implicated in the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion in GBM cells. Transcriptomic analysis of GBM cells with or without CMG2 overexpression indicated that a panel of oncogenic signaling pathways was altered with CMG2 upregulation, implying that CMG2 might orchestrate these signaling pathways to regulate the growth of GBM cells. Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity was enhanced by CMG2 overexpression but suppressed with CMG2 deficiency. Since YAP1 is critically implicated in GBM, the oncogenic roles of CMG2 in GBM cells might thus be mediated, at least partially, by YAP1. Altogether, CMG2 functioned as an oncogene in glioma cells and is a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of glioma. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe intestinal malabsorption associated with ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker treatment. An observational cohort study in Germany and Italy
Authors: Malfertheiner Peter , Ripellino Claudio , Cataldo Nazarena 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeThe angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) olmesartan has been recently associated with sprue‐like enteropathy (SLE), a gastrointestinal condition characterized by intestinal malabsorption (IM) and severe diarrhea. Whether the increased risk of SLE is substance‐specific or a class effect involving all ARBs is uncertain. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of enteropathy associated with ARBs and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐i) by using data from large administrative and claim databases.MethodsWe obtained data from Italian local health‐care units and a large German claim database and included patients treated with olmesartan, other ARBs, and ACE‐i. In the absence of a specific diagnosis code for SLE, International Classification of Diseases codes for IM were used. Analysis implemented a Poisson regression with robust error variance procedure, which allowed accounting for different clusters (local health‐care units and countries) and correctly estimating the standard error for the relative risk of rare event occurrence.ResultsPatients were divided into 3 groups: olmesartan (25.591, 5.5%), other ARBs (104.901, 22.5%), and ACE‐i patients (334.951, 72.0%). Baseline characteristics were similar overall. The incidence of unspecified IM in ACE‐i patients was not different compared with that of olmesartan, whereas a higher rate ratio was observed when comparing ARB patients with the olmesartan group (RR: 2.50, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.19, P .01). When International Classification of Diseases codes for coeliac disease were included, no differences were observed.ConclusionsWe could not confirm previous findings of a higher risk of malabsorption in olmesartan‐only patients, and drug‐induced enteropathy should be considered the result of exposure to the class of ARBs rather than a specific drug‐related effect.
Amyloid aggregation and membrane activity of the antimicrobial peptide uperin 3.5
Authors: Martin Lisandra L. , Kubeil Clemens , Piantavigna Stefania , Tikkoo Tarun , Gray Nicholas P. , John Torsten , Calabrese Antonio N. , Liu Yanqin , Hong Yuning , Hossain Mohammed A. , Patil Nitin , Abel Bernd , Hoffmann Ralf , Bowie John H. , Carver John A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmyloid fibrils are highly ordered, β‐sheet rich forms of aggregated peptides and proteins that are associated with a variety of pathological human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Amyloid fibril‐forming peptides may be functionally related to antimicrobial peptides, despite differing significantly in sequence and structure. Specifically, their interaction with lipid membranes has mechanistic similarities. The 17‐amino acid peptide uperin 3.5 (U3.5) from an Australian amphibian is antimicrobial and amyloidogenic. Using a quartz crystal microbalance, we investigated the interaction of U3.5 with artificial membranes and found that (i) the membrane interaction of U3.5 is independent of the peptide's aggregation state, (ii) the presence of cholesterol in the membrane dramatically alters peptide–membrane interaction leading to a transmembrane pore‐like arrangement of U3.5, and (iii) electrostatic interaction is important for the membrane activity of U3.5 whereby removal of the positive charge at position 7 of U3.5 enhanced its fibrillar aggregation and ablated its membrane interaction, i.e. there is an inverse relationship between the antimicrobial and amyloidogenic properties of U3.5.
Theoretical insight into the excited‐state behavior of a novel Compound 1: A TDDFT investigation
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Yang Guang , Jia Min , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Qiaoli 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the present work, using density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory methods, we investigated and presented the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanisms of a novel Compound 1 theoretically. Analyses of electrostatic potential surfaces and reduced density gradient (RDG) versus sign(λ2)ρ, we confirm the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bond O1‐H2···N3 for Compound 1 in the S0 state. Comparing the primary structural variations of Compound 1 involved in the intramolecular hydrogen bond, we find that O1‐H2···N3 should be strengthened in the S1 state, which may facilitate the ESIPT process. Concomitantly, infrared (IR) vibrational spectra analyses further verify the stability of hydrogen bond. In addition, the role of charge transfer interaction has been addressed under the frontier molecular orbitals, which depicts the nature of electronical excited state and supports the ESIPT reaction. The theoretically scanned and optimized potential energy curves according to variational O1‐H2 coordinate demonstrate that the proton transfer process should occur spontaneously in the S1 state. It further explains why the emission peak of Compound 1‐enol was not reported in previous experiment. This work not only presents the ESIPT mechanism of Compound 1 but also promotes the understanding of this kind of molecules for further applications in future.
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD‐7) and the anxiety module of the Hospital and Depression Scale (HADS‐A) as screening tools for generalized anxiety disorder among cancer patients
Authors: Esser Peter , Hartung Tim J. , Friedrich Michael , Johansen Christoffer , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Faller Hermann , Koch Uwe , Härter Martin , Keller Monika , Schulz Holger , Wegscheider Karl , Weis Joachim , Mehnert Anja 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveAnxiety in cancer patients may represent a normal psychological reaction. To detect patients with pathological levels, appropriate screeners with established cut‐offs are needed. Given that previous research is sparse, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of 2 frequently used screening tools in detecting generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).MethodsWe used data of a multicenter study including 2141 cancer patients. Diagnostic accuracy was investigated for the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD‐7) and the anxiety module of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐A). GAD, assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Oncology, served as a reference standard. Overall accuracy was measured with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). The AUC of the 2 screeners were statistically compared. We also calculated accuracy measures for selected cut‐offs.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy could be interpreted as adequate for both screeners, with an identical AUC of .81 (95% CI: .79‐.82). Consequently, the 2 screeners did not differ in their performance (P = .86). The best balance between sensitivity and specificity was found for cut‐offs ≥7 (GAD‐7) and ≥8 (HADS‐A). The officially recommended thresholds for the GAD‐7 (≥ 10) and the HADS‐A (≥11) showed low sensitivities of 55% and 48%, respectively.ConclusionsThe GAD‐7 and HADS‐A showed AUC of adequate diagnostic accuracy and hence are applicable for GAD screening in cancer patients. Nevertheless, the choice of optimal cut‐offs should be carefully evaluated.
Impact of home spirometry on medication adherence among adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shakkottai Aarti , Kaciroti Niko , Kasmikha Lauren , Nasr Samya Z. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveMedication adherence among adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often suboptimal and this has significant impact on their health and quality of life. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of frequent home pulmonary function (PFT) monitoring on medication adherence among adolescents with CF.HypothesisWe hypothesized that weekly home PFT monitoring will improve adherence while not significantly adding to the treatment burden.MethodsIndividuals aged 12‐21 years with CF were provided a spirometer to measure PFTs weekly for 1 year. Results were reviewed weekly via telephone. PFT data were downloaded from the device during quarterly clinic visits. Adherence was calculated from prescription refill data and compared to the previous year. Perceptions of treatment burden were assessed using the CF questionnaire‐revised (CFQ‐R) quality of life measure. Health outcome measures including nutritional status and PFTs from clinic were collected for the study period and the year prior.ResultsThirty‐nine subjects participated in the study. Mean age was 15.89 ± 2.18 years and 54% were female. Mean adherence to weekly spirometry monitoring was 59.47 ± 24.60%. Values generated on the device showed good correlation with those obtained in clinic. Mean medication possession ratio (MPR) was 60% in the previous year and 65% during the study (P = 0.04). Mean treatment burden scaled score on the CFQ‐R was 68 at enrollment and 66 at study completion (P = 0.14).ConclusionsFrequent home PFT monitoring is feasible in CF adolescents and could successfully improve medication adherence without significantly impacting treatment burden.
Multilevel moderated mediation model with ordinal outcome
Authors: Rusá Šárka , Komárek Arnošt , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Bruyneel Luk 
Published: February 2018

Although increasingly complex models have been proposed in mediation literature, there is no model nor software that incorporates the multiple possible generalizations of the simple mediation model jointly. We propose a flexible moderated mediation model allowing for (1) a hierarchical structure of clustered data, (2) more and possibly correlated mediators, and (3) an ordinal outcome. The motivating data set is obtained from a European study in nursing research. Patients' willingness to recommend their treating hospital was recorded in an ordinal way. The research question is whether such recommendation directly depends on system‐level features in the organization of nursing care, or whether these associations are mediated by 2 measurements of nursing care left undone and possibly moderated by nurse education. We have developed a Bayesian approach and accompanying program that takes all the above generalizations into account.
Fast Postmoisture Treatment of Luminescent Perovskite Films for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Haoran , Li Xiaomin , Yuan Mingjian , Yang Xuyong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite the recent advances in the performance of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the effects of water on the perovskite emissive layer and its electroluminescence are still unclear, even though it has been previously demonstrated that moisture has a significant impact on the quality of perovskite films in the fabrication process of perovskite solar cells and is a prerequisite for obtaining high‐performance PeLEDs. Here, the effects of postmoisture on the luminescent CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) perovskite films are systematically investigated. It is found that postmoisture treatment can efficiently control the morphology and growth of perovskite films and only a fast moisture exposure at a 60% high relative humidity results in significantly improved crystallinity, carrier lifetime, and photoluminescence quantum yield of perovskite films. With the optimized moisture‐treated perovskite films, a high‐performance PeLED is fabricated, exhibiting a maximum current efficiency of 20.4 cd A−1, which is an almost 20‐fold enhancement when compared with perovskite films without moisture treatment. The results provide valuable insights into the moisture‐assisted growth of luminescent perovskite films and will aid in the development of high‐performance perovskite light‐emitting devices.
Thermoelectric Effects of Nanogaps between Two Tips
Authors: Huang Hao‐Ting , Ho Guan‐You , Wei Zung‐Hang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study designs a microscaled thermoelectric component featuring a nanogap of varying size (133–900 nm) between the tips of the component. Electricity and heat are transmitted between the gap of the tips through the thermionic emission of electrons. Because the gaps exhibit a discontinuous structure, the phonon's contribution to thermal conductivity can be virtually neglected, thereby enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of the designed thermoelectric component. The experimental results reveal that a narrow tip gap generates stronger thermoelectric effects, with Seebeck voltage and Seebeck coefficient being respectively, one and two orders of magnitude greater than those of the thermoelectric effects of nanowires. The thermoelectric figure of merit without considering the contributions from other heat carriers is higher than the value of thermoelectric devices developed in recent years. For a set of asymmetrical thin film electrodes of differing sizes, the thermoelectric effects generated in the heating process of large thin films are stronger than those of small thin films. Furthermore, adding nanoparticles to the nanogap facilitate the thermionic emission of electrons, in which electrons hop from the hot end to the cold end, thereby intensifying the thermoelectric effects of the nanogap.