bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of melamine‐formaldehyde encapsulated fluorescent dye dispersion and its application to cotton fabric printing
Authors: Hu Anran , Peng Hongyun , Li Min , Fu Shaohai 
Published: November 2018

In this study, CI Solvent Yellow 43 was encapsulated by melamine‐formaldehyde (MF) resin via in situ polymerisation to prepare the core‐shell structured fluorescent pigment. Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterise the encapsulated CI Solvent Yellow 43, indicating that MF successfully encapsulated CI Solvent Yellow 43 and that a core‐shell structure was formed. The prepared MF encapsulated fluorescent dye dispersion was also applied to flat screen printing of cotton fabrics, and the colour properties and fastness properties (washing and rubbing fastness) of printed fabrics were studied. The results showed that the encapsulated CI Solvent Yellow 43 printed cotton fabric exhibited a higher chroma and fluorescence intensity than that printed with unencapsulated CI Solvent Yellow 43. Moreover, the washing and rubbing fastness of the encapsulated CI Solvent Yellow 43 printed fabric was improved.
Impact of metformin use on the cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors: An analysis of Medicare claims data from 2007 to 2015
Authors: Crowley Matthew J. , Gokhale Mugdha , Pate Virginia , Stürmer Til , Buse John B. 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo examine the outcomes of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor initiation with and without concurrent metformin treatment.Materials and methodsWe identified Medicare enrollees initiating a DPP‐4 inhibitor, a sulphonylurea or a thiazolidinedione. Using propensity‐score‐weighted Poisson models, we evaluated 1‐year cardiovascular (CV) outcome incidence among initiators of DPP‐4 inhibitors versus comparators in subgroups with and without concurrent metformin use, and assessed the interaction between initiation drug and metformin. Outcomes included mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and a composite outcome.ResultsFor the DPP‐4 inhibitor (n = 13 391) versus sulphonylurea (n = 33 206) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence favoured DPP‐4 inhibitors: −2.0/100 person‐years among metformin users (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.7 to −1.3) and − 1.0/100 person‐years (95% CI −1.8 to −0.2) among metformin non‐users. Similar rate difference trends among metformin users and non‐users were seen for mortality (−1.5/100 person‐years [95% CI −2.1 to −0.9] and −0.7/100 person‐years [95% CI −1.4 to 0.0]) and non‐fatal MI (−0.5/100 person‐years [95% CI −0.8, −0.3] and 0.1/100 person‐years [95% CI −0.2 to 0.4]). The interaction between DPP‐4 inhibitor initiation and metformin was statistically significant for non‐fatal MI (P = 0.008). For the DPP‐4 inhibitor (n = 22 210) versus thiazolidinedione (n = 9517) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence for DPP‐4 inhibitor initiation were −0.6/100 person‐years (95% CI −1.5 to 0.2) among metformin users and 1.0 (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) among metformin non‐users. Similar rate difference trends among metformin users and non‐users were seen for mortality (−0.5/100 person‐years [95% CI −1.3 to 0.1] and 0.8/100 person‐years [95% CI −0.0 to 1.7]) and non‐fatal MI (−0.1/100 person‐years [95% CI −0.4 to 0.2] and 0.2/100 person‐years [95% CI −0.1 to 0.6]). The interaction between DPP‐4 inhibitor initiation and metformin was statistically significant for the composite outcome (P = 0.024) and mortality (P = 0.023).ConclusionIncidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP‐4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP‐4 inhibitors and metformin.
A brief history of Anglo‐Saxon education
Authors: Weber Benjamin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile the Anglo‐Saxon period is not always considered the most dynamic milieu for medieval education, recent work in the field belies that impression. Since the 1980s, Anglo‐Latinists have edited, translated, and analyzed glosses, treatises, letters, and prefaces that enrich our understanding of Anglo‐Saxon education. The turn in the 1990s towards the study of literacy, and subsequent interest in bilingualism, have situated Old English literary texts against the background of educational theory and practice. In recent years, interest in education seems only to have accelerated. Two recent monographs, Emily Thornbury's Becoming a Poet in Anglo‐Saxon England (2014) and Irina Dumitrescu's The Experience of Education in Anglo‐Saxon Literature (2018), push the boundaries of the field by exploring Anglo‐Saxon educational experience in a variety of literary texts. Simultaneously, work on the textual cultures of Anglo‐Saxon England—increasingly collaborative and digital—continues to elucidate what and how the Anglo‐Saxons read. The recent dynamism of the field offers new opportunities for both Anglo‐Saxonists and historians of education going forward.
Christ, the Praying Animal: A Critical Engagement with Niels Henrik Gregersen and the Christology of Deep Incarnation
Authors: Lenow Joseph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article assesses the christological project of Danish theologian Niels Henrik Gregersen, centered on the concept of ‘deep incarnation’. It identifies the major stages of development in Gregersen’s understanding of deep incarnation, and highlights several areas of Gregersen’s thought often overlooked in theological engagements with deep incarnation, including his significant engagement with Richard Bauckham’s ‘identity Christology’ and his proposed ‘explorative metaphysics’. It concludes by posing some critical questions of Gregersen’s project from the standpoint of classical Christology.
Symbolism after Dialectics: De Lubac, Rahner and Symbolic Theology
Authors: Mobley Joshua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHenri de Lubac advocates the recovery of ‘symbolism’ in Corpus Mysticum. In the patristic era, real unity between symbol and symbolized was a ubiquitous assumption, sustaining a thoroughly sacramental vision. In the Middle Ages ‘dialectical’ theology replaced patristic symbolism, gaining precision, but losing vitality. De Lubac wants to return to symbolism without negating the dialectical era. Yet de Lubac’s account lacks systematic clarity and hardly moves beyond the patristic era. Karl Rahner’s ‘Theology of the Symbol’ contributes to the reclamation of this kind of ontological symbolism, but with greater systematic specificity and in reliance on the dialectical age. Yet Rahner applies his ontological symbolism inconsistently. Read together, de Lubac and Rahner’s theologies of the symbol are mutually illuminating and corrective.
Natural Law and the Nature of Grace: A Reformation Approach to the Question of the Unevangelized
Authors: Faircloth Kyle 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Lutheran theologian George Lindbeck claims that a Reformation approach to the question regarding the fate of the unevangelized is related to the scriptural principle of salvation by faith alone and faith by hearing (Rom. 10:17). He therefore recommends a prospective fides ex auditu option whereby every person is confronted by the gospel at the moment of death. Yet his alternative solution fails to account for how the cultural‐linguistic self‐identity of a non‐Christian prepares them for a future encounter with the gospel of Christ. This article seeks to contribute towards filling this theological gap in Lindbeck’s theory through a systematic argument for understanding ‘preparation for the gospel’ as a gracious action by the Holy Spirit through the natural law rather than as elements of truth and goodness in other religions.
Direct ink writing of macroporous lead‐free piezoelectric Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3
Authors: Nan Bo , Olhero Susana , Pinho Rui , Vilarinho Paula M. , Button Tim W. , Ferreira José M. F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDirect ink writing (DIW) has become a widespread additive manufacturing technique for material engineering, but its application in lead‐free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 piezoelectric ceramics from aqueous systems has not been reported so far to our knowledge. The main obstacle is the high extent of hydrolysis reactions undergone by the starting powders when dispersed in water, hindering the attainment of stable water‐based colloidal suspensions. This paper reports on the preparation of stable aqueous inks from a deagglomerated and surface‐treated powder synthesized by solid‐state reaction and on DIW of macroporous lead‐free piezoelectrics. Based on zeta potential and rheological measurements, the optimal amounts of processing additives (dispersant, binder, and coagulating agent) were selected to transform the initial fluid suspension to a viscoelastic paste with sufficient stiffness and stability for the printing process. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of samples sintered under different temperatures were also investigated.
Autocrine VEGF signalling on M2 macrophages regulates PD‐L1 expression for immunomodulation of T cells
Authors: Lai Yin‐Siew , Wahyuningtyas Rika , Aui Shin‐Peir , Chang Ko‐Tung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractM2‐polarized macrophages, on one hand, can promote tumour vascularization by producing proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). On the other hand, the expression of VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in this cell lineage was also reported. Although the function of VEGF/VEGFR axis plays a pivotal role in macrophages infiltration and angiogenesis, however, there is still lack of the direct evidence to show the role of VEGF as an autocrine operating in M2 macrophages, particularly for immunomodulation. In our study, we surprisingly discovered that M2 macrophages polarized by baicalin can simultaneously express VEGF and its receptors. Taking advantage of this unique culture system, we were able to investigate the biological activity of M2 macrophages in response to the autocrine VEGF milieu. Our results showed that the expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on M2 macrophages was significantly up‐regulated in autocrine VEGF milieu. Through the blockade of autocrine VEGF signalling, PD‐L1 expression on M2 macrophages was dramatically down‐regulated. Furthermore, transplantation of PD‐L1+ M2 macrophage stimulated by autocrine VEGF into allogeneic mice significantly suppressed host CD4+/CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood and increased CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the bone marrow. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel biological basis to support the current successful strategy using combined VEGF/PD‐1 signalling blockade in cancer therapy.
Right ventricle apex pacing identifies the presence of ventricular premature depolarizations‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Im Sung Il , Gwag Hye Bin , Park Youngjun , Park Seung‐Jung , Kim June Soo , On Young Keun , Park Kyoung‐Min 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundA high burden of ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) has been associated with potentially reversible left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, termed as VPD‐induced cardiomyopathy (CMP). However, many patients maintain normal LV function despite a high VPD burden. The purpose of this study was to identify CMP by right ventricle apex (RVa) pacing method in patients with high VPD burden.MethodsA total of 62 patients (28 male; mean age = 50 ± 15 years) with idiopathic VPDs undergoing ablation were enrolled. RVa pacing was recorded in all patients during the procedure. The paced QRS duration (QRSd) during RV pacing was measured from the pacing spike to the latest QRS deflection on any surface electrocardiogram lead. Patients were divided into two groups: reversible VPD‐induced CMP (Group R; n = 15, 14 males, mean age = 54 ± 14 years) and normal LV function (Group N; n = 47, 23 males, mean age = 54 ± 15 years).ResultsThe LV ejection fraction (%) was significantly lower in Group R as compared with Group N (Group R, Group N = 36 ± 6, 58 ± 4; P < 0.001); however, LV end‐diastolic dimension mm was not significantly different between the two study groups (Group R, Group N = 54 ± 5, 50 ± 6; P = 0.06). Similarly, sinus QRS width (P = 0.10), VPD‐burden (P = 0.36), and body surface area (P = 0.75) were not significantly different between Group R and Group N. The QRSd was significantly longer in Group R compared with Group N (177 ± 8 vs 150 ± 14; P < 0.001). Using a QRSd cut‐off value of 170.1 ms, VPD‐induced CMP was identified with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 97%.ConclusionRVa pacing with transmyocardial conduction time assessment was a useful method for identifying idiopathic VPD‐induced CMP. Using a QRSd cut‐off value of 170.1 ms, VPD‐induced CMP was identified with a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 97%.
The Influence of Treatment Expectations on Clinical Outcomes and Cortisol Levels in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: An Experimental Study
Authors: Malfliet Anneleen , Lluch Girbés Enrique , Pecos‐Martin Daniel , Gallego‐Izquierdo Thomas , Valera‐Calero Antonio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe role of contextual factors like pre‐existing treatment expectations has been established. However, the effect of verbally delivered treatment expectations in patient–therapist communication has not been considered, nor has the role of cortisol changes within the placebo/nocebo response in people with chronic neck pain.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of verbally delivered treatment expectations on clinical outcomes in physical therapy practice and to determine if changes in cortisol levels are associated with changes in neck pain and disability.MethodsEighty‐three patients with chronic neck pain were randomly allocated to 3 different verbally delivered expectations (positive, negative, neutral) during physical therapy interventions. Main outcome measures: salivary cortisol, pain and disability, and cervical range of motion.ResultsPain significantly improved in the positive (P < 0.001) and neutral (P < 0.001) expectations groups. For salivary cortisol levels, a significant increase was observed in response to treatment in the neutral (P = 0.045) and negative (P < 0.001) expectations groups. No significant correlations were found between changes in salivary cortisol levels and the change in pain in the neutral and negative expectations groups.ConclusionsPhysical therapists treating people with chronic neck pain should be attentive when communicating the expected treatment effects to their patients. Whereas verbally delivered positive or neutral expectations may be beneficial for pain‐related measures, giving negative expectations may result in a lack of a treatment response on pain. Cortisol levels increased in response to verbally delivered neutral and negative expectations, in the absence of a nocebo effect. This questions the presumed role of cortisol in the nocebo effect.
Comparison of the life table and reproduction parameters of the Phytonemus pallidus fragariae on the three strawberry cultivars under laboratory conditions
Authors: Rostamai Neda , Maroufpoor Mostafa , Sadeghi Amin , Mansourqazi Mostafa , Islam Tarikul , Ullah Mohammad Shaef 
Published: November 2018

The strawberry mite, Phytonemus pallidus fragariae (Acari: Tarsonemidae), is an important pest of strawberries grown in a greenhouse, and field-grown strawberries also may be infested at the high humidity conditions. In this study, we evaluated the life history and demographic parameters of P. pallidus fragariae on three cultivars (Selva, Camarosa and Queen Elisa) of strawberry. The experiment was conducted at a constant temperature of 20 ± 1°C, 80 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. The age-stage, two-sex life table program was used to analyze the data. The development time was faster on Selva than on Queen Elisa (18.8 vs. 19.1 days). The oviposition period was longer on Queen Elisa than on Camarosa (12.5 vs. 11.9 days). Fecundity and female adult longevity of P. pallidus fragariae were not significantly different among the three cultivars of strawberry. Life table provides the most comprehensive description of the survival, stage differentiation and reproduction of the population. Although some variations observed in the life table parameters of P. pallidus fragariae, no significant differences were observed among three different cultivars. The fast growth was observed for P. pallidus fragariae on Queen Elisa based on population projection. Therefore, research on these three strawberry cultivars can be used to improve our understanding of the population dynamics of the pest and thereby developing effective pest management programs against P. pallidus fragariae.
Testing of the ‘Always Events’ approach to improve the patient experience in the emergency department
Authors: Lowe David John , Kay Cameron , Taylor Dagshagini , Littlewood Nicola , Hepburn Scott , Bowie Paul 
Published: November 2018

Maintaining quality of care and meeting patient expectations in the face of rising demand within emergency departments (ED) is a significant challenge for clinicians. This study tested the Always Events (AE) approach as a means to identify AE’s relevance to patient care in the ED and act on this to address patient concerns. The project team looked to identify aspects of care patients would like to see improved within the minor injuries stream (MIS). Following triage, patients typically have presentations that do not require admission and require a single interaction with a clinician. Interventions seeking to improve patient experience were created and impact was monitored using patient feedback using a quality improvement (QI) framework.AEs were identified via convenience sampling using a short semistructured survey questionnaire. Patients were asked ‘What should always happen in the Emergency Department?’ Communication and information provision regarding how the department worked were identified as key themes. Two interventions, an educational poster and a video campaign, were designed and implemented. Improvement was assessed via convenience sampling of patient questionnaires using a 5-point Likert scale and free-text responses.Initial patient satisfaction levels regarding information provision stood at 80%, rising to 88% after our poster intervention and 92% by the end of the video intervention. Understanding of how the ED functions was initially 83% in the baseline sample before rising to 86% following poster and video interventions. Patient questionnaires indicated that information provision directly from staff was variable throughout the study period.Implementing the AE approach in the MIS has improved patient experience. Our poster intervention had the greatest benefit regarding patient understanding of the ED and information provision. This project has also indicated that the AE method can be successfully combined with a QI tool and applied in the ED to address patient needs.
Theoretical investigations on elastic, thermal and lattice dynamic properties of chalcopyrite ZnSnX2 (X = P, As, Sb) under pressure and temperature: The first-principles calculation
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhao Beijun , Yu You , He Zhiyu , Xiao Jianping , Huang Wei , Zhu Shifu , Chen Baojun , Xie Linhua 
Published: November 2018

We performed the first-principles calculations on the elastic and thermal properties for chalcopyrite ZnSnX2 (X = P, As, Sb), employing the ultrasoft pseudo-potentials and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) under the frame of density functional theory. The equilibrium structural lattice constants are in good agreement with reported data. The elastic characteristics were evaluated under high-pressure condition (0–20 GPa), such as the elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Zener anisotropy and compressibility index. Combining with quasi-harmonic Debye model, the thermal properties were confirmed at different temperatures (0–1200 K) and pressures (0–20 GPa), including the heat capacity, thermal expansion, Debye temperature, entropy, and Grüneisen parameter. Based on the semi-empirical relation, the hardness of materials was determined at various temperatures and pressures. Finally, the phonon spectrum curves and vibration frequencies of phonon were evaluated to confirm the thermodynamic stability of ZnSnX2. The Raman scattering spectrum and infrared absorption spectrum were simulated for chalcopyrite ZnSnX2.
Comparison of Effects of Diet on Mammary Cancer: Efficacy of Various Preventive Agents and Metabolomic Changes of Different Diets and Agents
Authors: Lubet Ronald A. , Beger Richard D. , Miller Mark Steven , Luster John , Seifried Harold E. , Grubbs Clinton J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To determine the effects of diet, rats were placed on a standard diet (4% fat) or on a modified Western (high-fat diet, HFD) diet (21% fat) at 43 days of age (DOA) and administered methylnitrosourea (MNU) at 50 DOA. Rats were administered effective (tamoxifen, vorozole, and Targretin) or ineffective (metformin and Lipitor) chemopreventive agents either by daily gavage or in the diet beginning at 57 DOA and continuing until sacrifice (190 DOA). Latency period of the tumors was determined by palpation, and multiplicity and cancer weights per rat were determined at final sacrifice. Rats on the HFD versus standard diet had: (i) a 6% increase in final body weights; (ii) significant decreases in tumor latency; and (iii) significant increases in final tumor multiplicity and average tumor weight. Tamoxifen, vorozole, and Targretin were highly effective preventive agents, whereas Lipitor and metformin were ineffective in rats on either diet. Serum was collected at 78 DOA and at sacrifice (190 DOA), and metabolomics were determined to identify the metabolite changes due to diets and effective agents. Rats given the HFD had increased levels of saturated free fatty acids (including myristate) and decreased levels of 2-aminooctanoate. Furthermore, rats on the HFD diet had increased levels of 2-aminobutyrate and decreases in glycine markers previously identified as indicators of prediabetes. Targretin increased long-chain glycophospholipids (e.g., oleyl-linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine) and decreased primary bile acids (e.g., taurocholate). Tamoxifen increased palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycophosphocholine and decreased stearoyl-arachidonyl glycophosphocholine. Finally, increased levels of methylated nucleotides (5-methylcytidine) and decreased levels of urea cycle metabolites (N-acetylcitrulline) were associated with the presence of mammary cancers.