bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are asymmetric designs of tibial components superior to their symmetric counterparts for constrained condylar total knee arthroplasty using metal block augmentation?
Authors: Kabu Ryosuke , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Akasaki Yukio , Kawahara Shinya , Hamai Satoshi , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), asymmetric tibial components have been developed alongside symmetric tibial components to enhance bony coverage at the tibia. In primary TKA and revision TKA for patients with significant bone defects, augmentation is employed to fill the bone defect. However, there have been no reports on bony coverage of the tibial component of the revision system in the cases of bone defects. Therefore, we simulated bone defects using CT and compared the bony coverage of asymmetric and symmetric tibial components in the revision TKA system.

Methods
This study included 45 patients (50 knees involved) with medial osteoarthritis. Preoperative CT scans were used to simulate placement using ZedKnee. Three models were evaluated: Persona Revision PCCK (Zimmer) for the asymmetric component, NexGen LCCK (Zimmer) for the symmetric component, and the ATTUNE revision system (Depuy-Synthes). A 130-mm stem extension was utilized. Augmentations of each thickness were placed to simulate bone defects of 5, 10, and 15 mm. The coverage, overhang, and underhang rates were measured for each slice and compared among the models.

Results
In terms of coverage, the rate was greater for PCCK at 0 mm, and only ATTUNE exhibited a significantly lower coverage at 5 and 10 mm. There was no significant difference in coverage at 15 mm. At 0 mm, PCCK demonstrated less posterior underhangs. At 5 and 10 mm, PCCK showed less anterior overhang but more anterior underhang. At 15 mm, PCCK had a less anterior overhang, with an overhang in the posterior region but less underhang. When overhang and underhang were combined and compared, the asymmetric component generally yielded superior results.

Conclusion
In the cases of bone defects, asymmetric components demonstrated reduced anterior overhang and decreased posterior underhang, resulting in greater bone coverage. This may contribute to improved long-term outcomes in the revision TKA system.
Systolic and global right ventricular functions of children with bronchial asthma as compared with those of healthy controls using echocardiography: a single-centre cross-sectional observational study from Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad shakur , Aliyu Ibrahim , Ibrahim Umma Abdulsalam , Garba Nuhu Abubakar , Asani Mustafa O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic airway condition in children. It is characterised by hyperresponsiveness of the small airways leading to airway narrowing, which is usually reversible, with or without treatment. Asthma is known to cause right ventricular dysfunction, but not much is known of this effect among children with highest burden of asthma. The aim of this study is to compare the right ventricular functions of children with asthma, aged 6– ≤ 13 years, with those of their age and sex-matched apparently healthy control using transthoracic echocardiography. The systolic and global right ventricular functions were assessed using Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Function (TAPSE) and Tei index, respectively.

Results
Seventy cases and 68 controls were included in the final analysis of the results. The male-to-female ratios are 1.9:1 and 2:1 for the cases and controls, respectively, and their mean age were 8.82 (± 2.28) and 9.05 (2.50) years. There was no statistically significant difference between their sex ($${X}^{2}$$

X

2

/P = 0.810/0.85) and their mean age (P = 0.554). The mean TAPSE of the cases (20.16 ± 2.15 mm) and the controls (20.28 ± 2.71 mm) did not differ significantly (P = 0.74), but the mean Tei index of the cases (0.56 ± 0.16) was significantly higher than that of the control (0.50 ± 0.10) (P = 0.007). Among the asthmatics, 17.1% (12/70) and 2.9% (2/70) had global and systolic RV dysfunctions, respectively; 2.9% (2/70) of the controls had RV global dysfunctions, but none had RV systolic dysfunction. The global dysfunction among the asthmatics was significantly associated with their age range and frequency of hospitalisation ($${X}^{2}$$

X

2

/p of 6.051/0.014 and 7.209/0.021, respectively), and significantly correlates with their Body Mass Index, and peripheral oxygen saturation (r/P of −0.236/0.049 and − 2.490/0.038, respectively). None of the participants had right ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Conclusion
This study shows that asthmatic patients have global RV dysfunction, and it is suggested that better control of asthma would preserve cardiac function.
Pulsed polarized vortex beam enabled by metafiber lasers
Authors: Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Lei , Zhang He , Fu Bo , Wang Jiyong , Qiu Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPulsed polarized vortex beams, a special form of structured light, are generated by tailoring the light beam spatiotemporally and witness the growing application demands in nonlinear optics such as ultrafast laser processing and surface plasma excitation. However, existing techniques for generating polarized vortex beams suffer from either low compactness due to the use of bulky components or limited controlment of pulse performance. Here, an all-fiber technique combining plasmonic metafibers with mode conversion method is harnessed to generate high-performance pulsed polarized vortex beams. Plasmonic metafibers are utilized as saturable absorbers to produce Q-switched pulses with micro-second duration, while the offset splicing method is employed to partially convert the fundamental transverse mode (LP$$_{01}$$

01

) to higher-order mode (LP$$_{11}$$

11

). Eventually, a polarized vortex beams laser is achieved at the telecom band with a repetition frequency of 116.0 kHz. The impact of geometrical parameters including period of metafibers and offset of splicing on the spatiotemporal properties of pulsed polarized vortex beams is systematically investigated. Our findings could pave the way for design, control and generation of all-fiber pulsed polarized vortex beams, and also offer insights into the development of other types of structured laser sources.
Exploring microbial interactions with denture resin surface and implications for plant based plaque control strategies: a narrative review
Authors: Vaidya Rohan Yatindra , Hegde Veena , Sherigar Pradeep , Prabhu Nayana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The importance of oral hygiene maintenance is of prime importance in dentulous and edentulous individuals. There are numerous types of bacteria which colonise in the oral cavity. Completely edentulous individuals have to follow proper hygiene procedures to keep their dentures germ free which can prevent numerous oral conditions. The main aim of this text was to briefly understand the interaction between microorganisms and denture, discuss the various methods of preventing plaque formation on dentures and highlight the natural antimicrobial agents in detail.

Main body
There are numerous factors which play a role in biofilm formation. Methods such as patient education, maintenance of denture hygiene and use of pharmacological methods have proven to effectively reduce or prevent the growth of microorganisms. Pharmacological agents can broadly be classified into natural and synthetic based on their source of origin. Based on their mechanism of action, they are classified as biocides, biocide releasing polymers and surface acting agents. The use of natural v/s synthetic products has always seen positives and negatives. Apart from the antimicrobial activity, the influence of these agents on the mechanical properties also remains an important aspect. This text highlights the various natural antimicrobial agents that can be incorporated in the dentures and the effect they have on the mechanical properties of the dentures.

Conclusion
The interaction between microorganisms and denture has been explored in detail. The various natural and synthetic antimicrobial agents have been enlisted following which the natural antimicrobials have been discussed in detail. The various natural products have shown marked antimicrobial nature however, their influence on the mechanical properties is lacking.
Night-time light-traps and push–pull integrated system enhanced the control of different life stages of fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda
, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Gebreziher Haftay Gebreyesus , Gebreazgaabher Fissiha Gebreyesus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Maize, Zea mays L (Cyperales: Poaceae), is one of the major cereal crops grown in Ethiopia for its food and feed values. Recently, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) has become a major challenge of maize production threatening smallholder farmers in the country. Developing effective and smallholder farmers-friendly integrated pest management for FAW is vital. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of night-time light-traps and push–pull integrated system on controlling different life stages (adult, larvae and eggs) of FAW.

Methods
The study was conducted in Northern Ethiopia included four treatments; maize monocrop, maize plots with night-time light-trap, a push–pull system, and night-time light-trap and push–pull integrated system. Each treatment was replicated five times. The study was carried out twice involving a rain feed (from July to October 2018) and irrigated (from April to June 2019) experiments.

Results
A significantly greater number of FAW moths were captured on traps placed outside maize field plots treated with light-trap and push–pull integrated system than traps placed outside the maize monocrop, light-trap alone and push–pull alone treated plots during the 2018 and 2019 experiment seasons. As a result, a significantly lower number of moths was found inside maize field plots treated with light-trap and push–pull integrated system than the other treatments. The levels of FAW eggs and larval infestation were significantly lower in maize plots treated with the light-trap and push–pull integrated system than the maize monocrops, push–pull alone, and light-trap alone treated plots. The proportion of plants damaged by FAW larvae was significantly lower in maize plots treated with the light-trap and push–pull integrated system relative to maize plots treated with the other treatments.

Conclusion
This study proved that a system integrating night-time light-traps and push–pull results in better and more effective control of different stages of FAW than a push–pull system or night-time light-traps alone.
Anastrozole Improves Height Outcomes in Growing Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Al-Rayess Heba , Wiersma Rebecca , Turner Lindsey Elizabeth , Palzer Elise , Mercado Munoz Yesica , Sarafoglou Kyriakie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hyperandrogenemia resulting in estrogen-mediated accelerated bone maturation and early growth plate fusion contributes to short stature in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Aromatase inhibitors block androgen conversion to estrogen and have been used off-label in children with short stature to improve adult height. There are no adequately powered studies examining the use of aromatase inhibitors in children with CAH with advanced bone age and reduced predicted adult height.

Methods
Records of CAH patients treated with anastrozole were reviewed. Z-scores of bone age, predicted adult height, and height corrected for bone age were examined over an 8-year period. Outcome changes were analyzed using weighted mixed-effects models, adjusting for sex, diagnosis, age at diagnosis, and average hydrocortisone dose before and during treatment with anastrozole.

Results
In 60 patients (26 females; 52 classic, 8 nonclassic) started on anastrozole therapy, the mean bone age Z-score decreased from 4.2 to 2.0 at 4 years and 1.3 at 6 years (both P &lt; .001); predicted adult height Z-score improved from −2.1 to −0.45 at 4 years and 0.18 at 6 years (both P &lt; .001); corrected height Z-scores improved from −1.7 to −0.33 at 4 years and 0.18 at 6 years (P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference in the average total daily hydrocortisone dose used before or during treatment.

Conclusion
Anastrozole decreased the rate of bone maturation and led to improved height outcomes, indicating that anastrozole could have a role as an adjunct therapy in children with CAH and advanced bone age.
Dynamic Craniotomy With Khanna NuCrani Plates as an Alternative to Craniotomy With Fixed Plates in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Krafft Paul R. , Tafel Ian , Khanna Anjali , Han Patrick , Khanna Rohit 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Dynamic craniotomy as opposed to a fixed plate craniotomy provides cranial decompression with a controlled outward bone flap movement to accommodate postoperative cerebral swelling and/or hemorrhage. The objective of this study was to evaluate if fixation of the bone flap following a trauma craniotomy with dynamic plates provides any advantage over fixed plates.METHODS:A review of our clinical series of 25 consecutive adult patients undergoing dynamic craniotomy with the Khanna NuCrani reversibly expandable bone flap fixation plates for the treatment of traumatic brain injury associated with mass lesions including subdural, epidural, and cerebral hematomas was conducted.RESULTS:Postoperative cerebral swelling was encountered in 21 of 25 patients (84%), which was compensated for with outward bone flap movement in all these patients and associated decreased midline shift. Severe brain swelling with outward bone flap movement of 8 mm or more was noted in 40% of the patients. All patients had a normal intracranial pressure after surgery. None of the patients required any reoperations for hematoma evacuation, rescue decompressive craniectomies, cranioplasty, or complications related to wound healing. The bone flap retracted after the resolution of the brain swelling, and none of the patients reported cosmetic symptoms related to bone flap or wound healing. Overall, 84% (21 of 25) of the patients achieved a good outcome.CONCLUSION:Craniotomy bone flap fixation with dynamic plates is an alternative to craniotomy with fixed plates. The main advantage of dynamic craniotomy over a craniotomy with fixed plates is that it allows for immediate intracranial volume expansion with reversible outward bone flap migration in patients who may develop postoperative worsening brain swelling and/or hemorrhage, with decreased need for repeat surgeries and associated complications.
MRCK-1 activates non-muscle myosin for outgrowth of a unicellular tube in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Popiel Evelyn M. , Ahluwalia Rhea , Schuetz Stefan , Yu Bin , Derry W. Brent 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The formation and patterning of unicellular biological tubes is essential for metazoan development. It is well established that vascular tubes and neurons use similar guidance cues to direct their development, but the downstream mechanisms that promote the outgrowth of biological tubes are not well characterized. We show that the conserved kinase MRCK-1 and its substrate the regulatory light chain of non-muscle myosin, MLC-4, are required for outgrowth of the unicellular excretory canal in C. elegans. Ablation of MRCK-1 or MLC-4 in the canal causes severe truncations with unlumenized projections of the basal membrane. Structure-function analysis of MRCK-1 indicates that the kinase domain, but not the small GTPase-binding CRIB domain, is required for canal outgrowth. Expression of a phosphomimetic form of MLC-4 rescues canal truncations in mrck-1 mutants and shows enrichment at the growing canal tip. Moreover, our work reveals a previously unreported function for non-muscle myosin downstream of MRCK-1 in excretory canal outgrowth that may be conserved in the development of seamless tubes in other organisms.
The Value of Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Liver Metastases: A 10-Year Outcome
Authors: Liu Lin-Lin , Lin Yu-Kun , Xiang Zuo-Lin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to analyze the impact of primary tumor resection (PTR) on the prognosis of four common primary tumors with liver metastases, and to develop a prognostic model to visualize the PTR benefit rate of patients with liver metastases.

Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), pancreatic cancer liver metastases (PLM), gastric cancer liver metastases (GLM), and breast cancer liver metastases (BLM) between 2004 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and assigned to either the surgery or non-surgery groups. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed. Surgical patients who survived longer than the median cancer-specific survival (CSS) time for non-surgery patients constituted the benefit group. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the independent factors affecting surgical benefit, and a nomogram was established.

Results
A total of 21,928 patients with liver metastases were included. After PSM for surgery and non-surgery patients, we found that PTR had a significant impact on the overall survival (OS) and CSS of CRLM, PLM, and BLM patients. In CRLM patients, age (p < 0.001), primary site (p = 0.006), grade (p = 0.009), N stage (p = 0.034), and histology (p = 0.006) affected the surgical benefit. In BLM patients, the independent factors were age (p = 0.002), race (p = 0.020), and radiotherapy (p = 0.043). And in PLM patients, chemotherapy was an independent factor associated with a survival benefit from PTR.

Conclusion
PTR improved OS and CSS in patients with CRLM, PLM, and BLM. A predictive model was established to identify suitable candidates for PTR in CRLM patients.
Iatrogenic cardiac arrest during thyroid storm
Authors: Mansoor Taha , Kaur Jaspreet , Randhawa Maninder , Rai Anand , Yu Dylan , Khan Fatima Iqbal , Koshy Santhosh 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition with often severe cardiac implications. Correct treatment choices can vary depending on underlying cardiac systolic function. Case description: We present a case of a 47-year-old male with untreated Grave’s disease who presented with a thyroid storm. After propranolol administration, he experienced a cardiac arrest with the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Further evaluation revealed severe thyroid-induced cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction of 15–20%, which had decreased from 60–65% over one year. The patient was discharged home on hospital day 8 after an unremarkable ischaemic work-up. He experienced a full cardiac systolic function recovery with an ejection fraction of 60–65% at the 90-day follow-up. Conclusion: Thyroid storm can present with overt or subclinical heart failure. Prompt evaluation of cardiac systolic function with a transthoracic echocardiogram before beta-blockade and the use of shorter-acting beta blockers can prevent devastating suppression of myocardial function.
Patient experiences of treatment-resistant depression (TRD): A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Cernat Alexandra , Pahwa Manisha , Hadid Dima , Shen Katrina , Abelson Julia , Samaan Zainab , Ramdyal Amanda , Vanstone Meredith 
Published: November 2024

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) occurs when depressive symptoms persist after a patient has tried at least two antidepressants at an appropriate dose for an adequate length of time, as judged by their clinician. Understanding what it is like to live with and seek care for TRD can inform treatment planning and contribute to health technology assessments for depression-related therapies. Our objective was to systematically review this evidence through an investigation of qualitative literature about the experiences of people who have TRD. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science Core Collection. Publications eligible for inclusion were English-language primary empirical qualitative studies or the qualitative component of mixed methods studies examining adults’ experiences with TRD or with specific treatment options for TRD. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, as well as critically appraised included studies using the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) instrument. This review was guided by integrative meta-synthesis. Data analysis consisted of a staged coding process similar to grounded theory. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO prior to the search (record ID: CRD42022356813). Sixteen studies were included from screening 18,568 results. Two studies focused on the overall experience of TRD and 14 explored experiences of specific treatments such as ketamine. Patients described the depressive symptoms they experienced, a sense of futility and desperation to find an effective treatment, and their experiences with new, sometimes experimental, therapies including deriving benefits beyond the clinical. Overall, few studies have examined the patient experience of TRD, reflecting the clinical complexity of this patient population. As most literature coalesced around experiences of specific treatments, greater examination of the overall experience of TRD is needed to inform clinical practice, and administrative and funding policy decisions for interventions that may be effective for this patient population.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022356813.