bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying fabricated networks within authorship-for-sale enterprises
Authors: Porter Simon J. , McIntosh Leslie D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is estimated that 2% of all journal submissions across all disciplines originate from paper mills, both creating significant risk that the body of research that we rely on to progress becomes corrupted, and placing undue burden on the submission process to reject these articles. By understanding how the business of paper mills—the technological approaches that they adopt, as well as the social structures that they require to operate—the research community can be empowered to develop strategies that make it harder, or ideally impossible for them to operate. Most of the contemporary work in paper-mill detection has focused on identifying the signals that have been left behind inside the text or structure of fabricated papers that result from the technological approaches that paper mills employ. As technologies employed by paper mills advance, these signals will become harder to detect. Fabricated papers do not just need text, images, and data however, they also require a fabricated or partially fabricated network of authors. Most ‘authors’ on a fabricated paper have not been associated with the research, but rather are added through a transaction. This lack of deeper connection means that there is a low likelihood that co-authors on fabricated papers will ever appear together on the same paper more than once. This paper constructs a model that encodes some of the key characteristics of this activity in an ‘authorship-for-sale’ network with the aim to create a robust method to detect this type of activity. A characteristic network fingerprint arises from this model that provides a robust statistical approach to the detection of paper-mill networks. The model suggested in this paper detects networks that have a statistically significant overlap with other approaches that principally rely on textual analysis for the detection of fraudulent papers. Researchers connected to networks identified using the methodology outlined in this paper are shown to be connected with 37% of papers identified through the tortured-phrase and clay-feet methods deployed in the Problematic Paper Screener website. Finally, methods to limit the expansion and propagation of these networks is discussed both in technological and social terms.
Utilizing post-stack seismic inversion for delineation of gas-bearing sand in a pleistocene reservoir, baltim gas field, nile delta, Egypt
Authors: EL-SAYED Ali S. , MABROUK Walid M. , METWALLY Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGiven useful rock properties, gas sands generally appear as bright events on seismic data. Unfortunately, partially saturated gas sands tend to be of similar brightness to fully saturated gas sands so cannot be distinguished easily. Seismic inversion can sometimes help, given adequate seismic data and a robust understanding of rock physics. This study employs both post- and pre-stack seismic inversion techniques to estimate gas in place (OGIP) and evaluate reservoir properties within the Pleistocene gas sandstone reservoir of the Baltim Field, focusing specifically on the Kanaria prospect. The primary objectives are to estimate gas volumes, assess reservoir properties, and identify optimal well locations. Post-stack inversion is used to detect changes in acoustic impedance, which is essential for hydrocarbon identification, while pre-stack inversion provides insights into rock properties such as density. This approach helps to differentiate true gas sands from other geological features, like water layers or lithological anomalies, which can be misinterpreted as gas zones due to similar seismic responses or fluid variations. Although seismic indicators such as root mean square (RMS) amplitude and AVO analysis can suggest potential gas zones, they may also be affected by similar lithological effects, complicating accurate interpretation. The study confirms the presence of gas-bearing sands in the El Wastani and estimates an OGIP of approximately 0.4 Gm³ for well WB-1 and 6.6 Gm³ for well TERSA-1 ST. By providing detailed reservoir characterization and improving gas estimation accuracy, the findings support informed decision-making for drilling locations and enhance the potential for successful gas production in the Baltim Field.
Tuning the morphology and energy levels in organic solar cells with metal–organic framework nanosheets
Authors: Sasitharan Kezia , Frisch Johannes , Kuliček Jaroslav , Iraqi Ahmed , Lidzey David G. , Bär Marcus , Rezek Bohuslav , Foster Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal–organic framework nanosheets (MONs) have proved themselves to be useful additives for enhancing the performance of a variety of thin film solar cell devices. However, to date only isolated examples have been reported. In this work we take advantage of the modular structure of MONs in order to resolve the effect of their different structural and optoelectronic features on the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Three different MONs were synthesized using different combinations of two porphyrin-based ligands meso-tetracarboxyphenyl porphyrin (TCPP) or tetrapyridyl-porphyrin (TPyP) with either zinc and/or copper ions and the effect of their addition to polythiophene-fullerene (P3HT-PC71BM) OPV devices was investigated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of devices was found to approximately double with the addition of MONs of Zn2(ZnTCPP) -4.7% PCE, 10.45 mA/cm2 short-circuit current density (JSC), 0.69 open-circuit voltage (VOC), 64.20% fill-factor (FF), but was unchanged with the addition of Cu2(ZnTPyP) (2.6% PCE, 3.68 mA/cm2JSC, 0.59 VOC, 46.27% FF) and halved upon the addition of Cu2(CuTCPP) (1.24% PCE, 6.72 mA/cm2JSC, 0.59 VOC, 56.24% FF) compared to devices without nanosheets (2.6% PCE, 6.61 mA/cm2JSC, 0.58 VOC, 56.64% FF). Our analysis indicates that there are three different mechanisms by which MONs can influence the photoactive layer – light absorption, energy level alignment, and morphological changes. Analysis of external quantum efficiency, UV–vis and photoelectron spectroscopy data found that MONs have similar effects on light absorption and energy level alignment. However, atomic force and Raman microscopy studies revealed that the nanosheet thickness and lateral size are crucial parameters in enabling the MONs to act as beneficial additives resulting in an improvement of the OPV device performance. We anticipate this study will aid in the design of MONs and other 2D materials for future use in other light harvesting and emitting devices.
A DNA methylation signature identified in the buccal mucosa reflecting active tuberculosis is changing during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Öhrnberg Isabelle , Karlsson Lovisa , Sayyab Shumaila , Paues Jakob , Martínez-Enguita David , Gustafsson Mika , Espinoza-Lopez Patricia , Méndez-Aranda Melissa , Meza Ericka , Ugarte-Gil Cesar , Kiprotich Nicholas , Diero Lameck , Tonui Ronald , Lerm Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health threat, with high mortality rates if left untreated. Current sputum-based TB treatment monitoring methods face numerous challenges, particularly in relation to sample collection and analysis. This pilot study explores the potential of TB status assessment using DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures, which are gaining recognition as diagnostic and predictive tools for various diseases. We collected buccal swab samples from pulmonary TB patients at the commencement of TB treatment (n = 10), and at one, two, and six-month follow-up intervals. We also collected samples from healthy controls (n = 10) and individuals exposed to TB (n = 10). DNAm patterns were mapped using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC 850 K platform. A DNAm profile distinct from controls was discovered in the oral mucosa of TB patients at the start of treatment, and this profile changed throughout the course of TB treatment. These findings were corroborated in a separate validation cohort of TB patients (n = 41), monitored at two and six months into their TB treatment. We developed a machine learning model to predict symptom scores using the identified DNAm TB profile. The model was trained and evaluated on the pilot, validation, and two additional independent cohorts, achieving an R2 of 0.80, Pearson correlation of 0.90, and mean absolute error of 0.13. While validation is needed in larger cohorts, the result opens the possibility of employing DNAm-based diagnostic and prognostic tools for TB in future clinical practice.
Pericytes require physiological oxygen tension to maintain phenotypic fidelity
Authors: McErlain Tamara , McCulla Elizabeth C. , Glass Morgan J. , Ziemer Lauren E. , Branco Cristina M. , Murgai Meera 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPericytes function to maintain tissue homeostasis by regulating capillary blood flow and maintaining endothelial barrier function. Pericyte dysfunction is associated with various pathologies and has recently been found to aid cancer progression. Despite having critical functions in health and disease, pericytes remain an understudied population due to a lack of model systems which accurately reflect in vivo biology. In this study we developed a protocol to isolate and culture murine lung, brain, bone, and liver pericytes, that maintains their known phenotypes and functions. We demonstrate that pericytes, being inherently plastic, benefit from controlled oxygen tension culture conditions, aiding their expansion ex vivo. Primary pericytes grown in physiologically relevant oxygen tensions (10% O2 for lung; 5% O2 for brain, bone, and liver) also better retain pericyte phenotypes indicated by stable expression of characteristic transcriptional and protein markers. In functional tube formation assays, pericytes were observed to significantly associate with endothelial junctions. Importantly, we identified growth conditions that limit expression of the plasticity factor Klf4 to prevent spontaneous phenotypic switching in vitro. Additionally, we were able to induce pathological pericyte phenotypic switching in response to metastatic stimuli to accurately recapitulate in vivo biology. Here, we present a robust method for studying pericyte biology in both physiology and disease.
Sea level rise and coastal flooding risks in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Ghomsi Franck Eitel Kemgang , Nyberg Björn , Raj Roshin P. , Bonaduce Antonio , Abiodun Babatunde J. , Johannessen Ola M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea (GoG) is highly vulnerable to sea level rise, with projections indicating a significant increase in permanently inundated land by 2100, ranging from 1,458.1 to 4,331.7 km2. This study evaluates the severity of potential coastal inundation in the GoG by comparing sea level rise projections from eight reliable CMIP6 models with historical sea surface height (SSH) data from 1993 to 2015 and current onshore topography. Eight model simulations were selected based on their accuracy in reproducing sea level variability in the Tropical Atlantic and the GoG, and their consistency in reflecting the one-month connection lag between equatorial-driven waves and Kelvin Coastal Trapped Waves (CTWs) along the GoG, critical for predicting regional ocean dynamics. Our findings indicate that this connection lag will remain consistent over time. Under high-emission scenarios, up to 95% of coastal areas could be inundated, potentially displacing 2 million people posing a socio-economic shock, given the region’s low GDP and heavy reliance on fisheries. The loss of cultural heritage and livelihoods further compounds the challenges. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted adaptation strategies and robust early warning systems, in line with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). This study offers a precise and regionally relevant assessment of future risks, providing a foundation for informed policy interventions to mitigate the impacts of climate change and protect vulnerable communities in the GoG.
A levy chaotic horizontal vertical crossover based artificial hummingbird algorithm for precise PEMFC parameter estimation
Authors: Jangir Pradeep , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Saleem Kashif , Arpita  , Agrawal Sunilkumar P. , Pandya Sundaram B. , Parmar Anil , Gulothungan G. , Abualigah Laith 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research, enhanced versions of the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm are used to accurately identify unknown parameters in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) models. In particular, we propose a multi strategy variant, the Lévy Chaotic Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (LCAHA), which combines sinusoidal chaotic mapping, Lévy flights and a new cross update foraging strategy. The combination of this method with PEMFC parameters results in a significantly improved performance compared to traditional methods, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), which we use as baselines to validate PEMFC parameters. The quantitative results demonstrate that LCAHA attains a minimum Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) of 0.0254 and standard deviation of 4.59E−08 for the BCS 500W PEMFC model, which is much lower than the SSE values obtained for PSO (0.1924) and GWO (0.0364), thereby validating the superior accuracy and stability of LCAHA. Moreover, LCAHA converges faster than DE and SSA, reducing runtime by about 47%. The robustness and reliability of LCAHA-simulated and actual I–V curves across six PEMFC stacks are shown to be in close alignment.
Mapping the nonequilibrium order parameter of a quasi-two dimensional charge density wave system
Authors: Sayers C. J. , Zhang Y. , Sanders C. E. , Chapman R. T. , Wyatt A. S. , Chatterjee G. , Springate E. , Cerullo G. , Wolverson D. , Da Como E. , Carpene E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe driving force of a charge density wave (CDW) transition in quasi-two dimensional systems is still debated, while being crucial in understanding electronic correlation in such materials. Here we use femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy combined with computational methods to investigate the coherent lattice dynamics of a prototypical CDW system. The photo-induced temporal evolution of the periodic lattice distortion associated with the amplitude mode reveals the dynamics of the free energy functional governing the order parameter. Our approach establishes that optically-induced screening rather than CDW melting at the electronic level leads to a transiently modified potential which explains the anharmonic behaviour of the amplitude mode and discloses the structural origin of the symmetry-breaking phase transition.
The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding
Authors: Singh Shashi P , Smyth Danielle J , Cunningham Kyle T , Mukundan Ananya , Byeon Chang-Hyeock , Hinck Cynthia S , White Madeleine P J , Ciancia Claire , Wąsowska Natalia , Sanders Anna , Jin Regina , White Ruby F , Lilla Sergio , Zanivan Sara , Schoenherr Christina , Inman Gareth J , van Dinther Maarten , ten Dijke Peter , Hinck Andrew P , Maizels Rick M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe immunoregulatory cytokine TGF-β is pleiotropic due to the near-ubiquitous expression of the TGF-β receptors TβRI and TβRII on diverse cell types. The helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus has convergently evolved a family of TGF-β mimics (TGMs) that bind both these receptors through domains 1–3 of a 5-domain protein. One member of this family, TGM4, differs from TGF-β in acting in a cell-specific manner, failing to stimulate fibroblasts, but activating SMAD phosphorylation in macrophages. Primarily through domains 4 and 5, TGM4 interacts with multiple co-receptors, including CD44, CD49d (integrin α4) and CD206, and can up- and downmodulate macrophage responses to IL-4 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. The dependence of TGM4 on combinatorial interactions with co-receptors is due to a moderated affinity for TβRII that is more than 100-fold lower than for TGF-β. Thus the parasite has elaborated TGF-β receptor interactions to establish cell specificity through combinatorial cis-signalling, an innovation absent from the mammalian cytokine.
PFFNet: A pyramid feature fusion network for microaneurysm segmentation in fundus images
Authors: Lu Jiaxin , Zou Beiji , Xiao Xiaoxia , Peng Qinghua , Yan Junfeng , Zhang Wensheng , Yue Kejuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRetinal microaneurysm (MA) is a definite earliest clinical sigh of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Its automatic segmentation is key to realizing intelligent screening for early DR, which can significantly reduce the risk of visual impairment in patients. However, the minute scale and subtle contrast of MAs against the background pose challenges for segmentation. This paper focuses on automatic MA segmentation in fundus images. A novel pyramid feature fusion network (PFFNet) that progressively develops and fuses rich contextual information by integrating two pyramid modules is proposed. Multiple global pyramid scene parsing (GPSP) modules are introduced between the encoder and decoder to provide diverse global contextual information for the decoder through reconstructing skip connections. Additionally, a spatial scale‐aware pyramid (SSAP) module is introduced to dynamically fuse multi‐scale contextual information. This rich contextual information will help to identify MAs from low‐contrast background. Furthermore, to mitigate issue related to category imbalance, a combo loss function is introduced. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets, IDRiD and DDR, and PFFNet is compared with several state‐of‐the‐art models. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our PFFNet in the MA segmentation task.
A method based on BRD/BRRD for moving target localisation with minimal transmitters
Authors: Yan Mingzhu , Tao Haihong , Wang Le 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring the procedure of three‐dimensional (3D) moving target localisation in multistatic passive radar (MPR) system, conventional closed‐form algorithms and their enhanced versions necessitate at least four transmitters to obtain unambiguous localisation, and they are prone to poor noise resistance. In this paper, based on multiple sets of bistatic range difference (BRD) and bistatic range rate difference (BRRD) measurements, an innovative closed‐form algorithm is proposed which, combines an improved two‐step weighted least squares (ITSWLS) using the Newton method (NM) to minimise the number of transmitters required for localization. In a 3D environment, this algorithm can precisely localise targets with merely three transmitters. Compared with the existing closed‐form algorithms, this algorithm saves one transmitter resource, breaking through the constraints of traditional approaches. After theoretical analysis and simulation verification, in the presence of just three transmitters, the estimation accuracy of the algorithm for both near‐field and far‐field target parameters can reach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) when the measurement noise is low. If an additional transmitter is incorporated, this algorithm has higher localization accuracy and better noise resistance compared to the elliptic localization (EL), TSWLS, ITSWLS, and Taylor algorithms.
First step toward matter power spectrum reconstruction with Stage III weak gravitational lensing surveys
Authors: Broxterman Jeger C. , Kuijken Konrad 
Published: November 2024

Context. Weak gravitational lensing (WL) surveys provide insight into the matter distribution over an extensive range of scales. Current WL results are in mild tension with cosmic microwave background measurements from the early Universe. Reconstructing the matter power spectrum from their measurements instead of condensing the information into a single cosmological parameter may help locate the origin of these differences.
Aims. To investigate the cosmic shear measurements of Stage III WL surveys, we compared their tomographic data by assuming a simple parametric model for the matter power spectrum. The model allows the comparison of surveys with different characteristics and, in an agnostic approach, gives insight into the shape of the matter power spectrum preferred by the data without assuming a cosmological model.
Methods. For the matter power spectrum, we assumed a double power-law model in scale factor and wavenumber. The best-fitting amplitude and exponents were inferred in a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis. We identified the scales to which the data is most sensitive. We tested the sensitivity to different assumptions of the intrinsic alignment strength.
Results. We find that the constraining power of Stage III surveys on the power spectrum shape and evolution is still limited. Most information can be summarized as an overall amplitude at a pivot point in wavenumber and scale factor, while constraints on the power-law indices are considerably weaker. Nevertheless, all surveys show a weaker rate of growth from z= 0.5 to 0.1 than predicted. The assumed intrinsic alignment strength is found to have no significant impact on the measured parameters and goodness of fit.
Conclusions. Direct estimates of the matter power spectrum from Stage III weak lensing surveys can, in principle, be used to locate the physical origin of the observed S8 tension. We present a simple methodology for the first steps in this direction, but find that current constraints are still weak.
Defect interactions in the non-reciprocal Cahn–Hilliard model
Authors: Rana Navdeep , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a computational study of the pairwise interactions between defects in the recently introduced non-reciprocal Cahn–Hilliard model. The evolution of a defect pair exhibits dependence upon their corresponding topological charges, initial separation, and the non-reciprocity coupling constant α. We find that the stability of isolated topologically neutral targets significantly affects the pairwise defect interactions. At large separations, defect interactions are small and a defect pair is stable. When positioned in relatively close proximity, a pair of oppositely charged spirals or targets merge to form a single target. At low α, like-charged spirals form rotating bound pairs, which are however torn apart by spontaneously formed targets at high α. Similar preference for charged or neutral solutions is also seen for a spiral target pair where the spiral dominates at low α, but concedes to the target at large α. Our work sheds light on the complex phenomenology of non-reciprocal active matter systems when their collective dynamics involves topological defects.