bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in an Urban Setting in Germany
Authors: Pusch L.-M. , Funke N. , Wiesmüller G. , Kistemann T. , Neuhann F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Big cities in Europe have the highest incidence rates of TB in otherwise low incidence settings. Understanding of the spatio-temporal patterns of TB incidence can support efforts for TB prevention and control in line with the End-TB Strategy of the WHO in such settings for low incidence settings.
Methods Data from the municipal TB register of Cologne collected between 2006 and 2015 under the infection prevention legislation were retrieved, addresses geographically identified and all notified incident TB cases retrospectively analysed for their spatial and temporal distribution in this large German city using a geographic information system.
Results During the analysed period 1,038 incident cases were reported, equivalent to an incidence rate of 10.03 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Contagious pulmonary TB contributed 57 % of all cases. Distribution patterns changed over time with decreases in 37 and increases in 22 of the 77 urban sub-districts, three of which showing constant high rates of TB incidence.
Conclusion The study presents a complementary method to monitor the distribution and development of incident TB cases at a disaggregated level of urban sub-districts. Identification of areas with comparatively high incidence can support identification of clusters respectively their prevention and allow better planning for targeted local TB services.
Closed Reduction as Therapeutic Gold Standard for Treatment of Congenital Hip Dislocation
Authors: Walter Sebastian G. , Bornemann Rahel , Koob Sebastian , Ossendorff Robert , Placzek Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground Congenital hip dislocation (luxation) has an incidence of 0.4 – 0.7% and is regarded as a prearthrotic deformity. Thus, if not being diagnosed and treated at a very early age, extensive surgical measures are inevitable in childhood and early adulthood.Methods In the time between 01/2013 and 02/2019 we performed 28 600 hips sonographies in babies as part of general screening measures at U2 or U3. There were 71 instable, dysplastic or dislocated hips diagnosed that were treated by arthrographic, closed reduction. After a hip spica cast was applied, reposition was controlled by MRI, estimating the acetabular head index (ACI), the head coverage index (HCI) as well as the femoral headʼs sphericity or by sonography using the Graf method.Results Overall success rate was 91.6% for primary closed reduction. Patients with primarily irreducible hips were significantly older (p < 0.003) than patients with primarily successful reducible hips. Congenital dislocated hips had significantly higher ACIs (p < 0.001) and HCIs (p = 0.03) as well as significantly less well rounded femoral heads (sphericity; p < 0.001) compared to stable hips.Conclusion Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocated hips by closed reduction is essential for a sufficient and regular maturation of the hips without further surgical interventions.
Visualization of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Data for Older Adults Using Participatory Design
Authors: Ahmed Ryan , Toscos Tammy , Rohani Ghahari Romisa , Holden Richard J. , Martin Elizabeth , Wagner Shauna , Daley Carly , Coupe Amanda , Mirro Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPatients with heart failure (HF) are commonly implanted with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices as part of their treatment. Presently, they cannot directly access the remote monitoring (RM) data generated from these devices, representing a missed opportunity for increased knowledge and engagement in care. However, electronic health data sharing can create information overload issues for both clinicians and patients, and some older patients may not be comfortable using the technology (i.e., computers and smartphones) necessary to access this data. To mitigate these problems, patients can be directly involved in the creation of data visualization tailored to their preferences and needs, allowing them to successfully interpret and act upon their health data. We held a participatory design (PD) session with seven adult patients with HF and CRT device implants, who were presently undergoing RM, along with two informal caregivers. Working in three teams, participants used drawing supplies and design cards to design a prototype for a patient-facing dashboard with which they could engage with their device data. Information that patients rated as a high priority for the “Main Dashboard” screen included average percent pacing with alerts for abnormal pacing, other device information such as battery life and recorded events, and information about who to contact with for data-related questions. Preferences for inclusion in an “Additional Information” display included a daily pacing chart, health tips, aborted shocks, a symptom list, and a journal. These results informed the creation of an actual dashboard prototype which was later evaluated by both patients and clinicians. Additionally, important insights were gleaned regarding the involvement of older patients in PD for health technology.
Design and Evaluation of an Integrated, Patient-Focused Electronic Health Record Display for Emergency Medicine
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Kim Tracy C. , Hegde Sudeep , Hoffman Daniel J. , Benda Natalie C. , Franklin Ella S. , Lavergne David , Perry Shawna J. , Fairbanks Rollin J. , Hettinger A. Zachary , Roth Emilie M. , Bisantz Ann M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Hospital emergency departments (EDs) are dynamic environments, involving coordination and shared decision making by staff who care for multiple patients simultaneously. While computerized information systems have been widely adopted in such clinical environments, serious issues have been raised related to their usability and effectiveness. In particular, there is a need to support clinicians to communicate and maintain awareness of a patient's health status, and progress through the ED plan of care.
Objective This study used work-centered usability methods to evaluate an integrated patient-focused status display designed to support ED clinicians' communication and situation awareness regarding a patient's health status and progress through their ED plan of care. The display design was informed by previous studies we conducted examining the information and cognitive support requirements of ED providers and nurses.
Methods ED nurse and provider participants were presented various scenarios requiring patient-prioritization and care-planning tasks to be performed using the prototype display. Participants rated the display in terms of its cognitive support, usability, and usefulness. Participants' performance on the various tasks, and their feedback on the display design and utility, was analyzed.
Results Participants provided ratings for usability and usefulness for the display sections using a work-centered usability questionnaire—mean scores for nurses and providers were 7.56 and 6.6 (1 being lowest and 9 being highest), respectively. General usability scores, based on the System Usability Scale tool, were rated as acceptable or marginally acceptable. Similarly, participants also rated the display highly in terms of support for specific cognitive objectives.
Conclusion A novel patient-focused status display for emergency medicine was evaluated via a simulation-based study in terms of work-centered usability and usefulness. Participants' subjective ratings of usability, usefulness, and support for cognitive objectives were encouraging. These findings, including participants' qualitative feedback, provided insights for improving the design of the display.
High Medium-Term Survivorship of Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasties (110 Knees) for Valgus Deformity
Authors: Matar Hosam E. , Thangaraj R. , Saraogi Akash , Raut Videshnandan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and survivorship of cruciate-retaining (CR) knee arthroplasties for valgus deformity. This article is retrospective consecutive series of 110 valgus knees using CR implants with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Deformity correction was achieved using stepwise sequential soft tissue releases (iliotibial band, popliteus tendon, lateral collateral release through sliver femoral condylar osteotomy). Demographic data, range of movement, and degrees of deformity were collected. The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) was used as patients' reported outcome measure at final follow-up. One-hundred and four patients (110 knees) were included (87 females/17 males) with mean age of 68.7 years. Primary diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 85 patients and rheumatoid arthritis in 19 patients. Mean follow-up was 5.5 years (median: 5 years; range: 2–14 years). Preoperative valgus deformity was measured radiographically using the mechanical tibiofemoral angle with a mean 18.6° (standard deviation [SD]: 7.5; range: 11–38°). At final follow-up, mechanical tibiofemoral angle was 3.8° (SD: 1.97; range: 2–8°). A p-value was <0.0001 and mean OKS was 42 (SD: 5.4; range: 36–48) suggesting satisfactory patients' reported outcomes with no implant revision for any cause. CR implants for valgus knees using staged soft tissue releases including sliver condylar osteotomy had excellent medium-term survivorship and satisfactory patient reported outcome measures. The Level of Evidence for this study is IV.
Oral administration of whole dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-producing yeast suppresses allergic contact dermatitis in mice
Authors: Watanabe Naoko , Teradu Soichiro , Ohtani Masashi , Uemura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20: 3n-6) is known to have an anti-inflammatory activity, but its range of effects was not well studied because of its limited natural sources. We addressed these issues by constructing an yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain having a complete metabolic pathway for DGLA synthesis by introducing two desaturase and one elongase genes to convert endogenous oleic acid to DGLA. Taking advantage of well-known safety of S. cerevisiae, we previously investigated the efficacy of heat-killed whole DGLA-producing yeast cells on irritant contact dermatitis, and showed that oral intake of this yeast significantly suppressed inflammatory reactions, whereas no such suppression was observed by the intake of 25 times the amount of purified DGLA. Since this method is considered to be a simple and efficient way to suppress inflammation, we examined its effectiveness against allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in this study and showed that this method was also effective against ACD.
Conductive films prepared from inks based on copper nanoparticles synthesized by transferred arc discharge
Authors: Fu Qingqing , Stein Matthias , Li Wen , Zheng Jingzhi , Kruis Frank Einar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as a promising alternative for silver and gold NPs in conductive inks for the application of printing electronics, since copper shows a high electrical conductivity but is significantly cheaper than silver and gold. In this study, copper NPs were synthesized in the gas phase by transferred arc discharge, which has demonstrated scale-up potential. Depending on the production parameters, copper NPs can be continuously synthesized at a production rate of 1.2–5.5 g h−1, while their Brunauer–Emmett–Teller sizes were maintained below 100 nm. To investigate the suitability in electronic printing, we use ball milling technique to produce copper conductive inks. The effect of ball milling parameters on ink stability was discussed. In addition, the electrical resistivity of copper films sintered at 300 °C in reducing atmosphere was measured to be 5.4 ± 0.6 μΩ cm which is about three times higher than that of bulk copper (1.7 μΩ cm). This indicates that conductive inks prepared from gas-phase synthesized copper NPs are competitive to the conductive inks prepared from chemically synthesized copper NPs.
Measurement of isocenter alignment accuracy and image distortion of an 0.35 T MR-Linac system
Authors: Dorsch S , Mann P , Elter A , Runz A , Spindeldreier C K , Klüter S , Karger C P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For hybrid devices combining magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a linac for radiation treatment, the isocenter accuracy as well as image distortions have to be checked. This study presents a new phantom to investigate MR-Linacs in a single measurement in terms of (i) isocentricity of the irradiation and (ii) alignment of the irradiation and imaging isocenter relative to each other using polymer dosimetry gel as well as (iii) 3-dimensional (3D) geometric MR image distortions. The evaluation of the irradiated gel was performed immediately after irradiation with the imaging component of the 0.35 T MR-Linac using a T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence. Eight plastic grid sheets within the phantom allow for measurement of geometric distortions in 3D by comparing the positions of the grid intersections (control points) within the MR-image with their nominal position obtained from a CT-scan. The distance of irradiation and imaging isocenter in 3D was found to be (0.8  ±  0.9) mm for measurements with 32 image acquisitions. The mean distortion over the whole phantom was (0.60  ±  0.28) mm and 99.8% of the evaluated control points had distortions below 1.5 mm. These geometrical uncertainties have to be considered by additional safety margins.
Traveling concentration pulses of bacteria in a generalized Keller–Segel model
Authors: Seyrich Maximilian , Palugniok Andrzej , Stark Holger 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We formulate a Markovian response theory for the tumble rate of a bacterium moving in a chemical field and use it in the Smoluchowski equation. Based on a multipole expansion for the one-particle distribution function and a reaction-diffusion equation for the chemoattractant field, we derive a polarization extended model, which also includes the recently discovered angle bias. In the adiabatic limit we recover a generalized Keller–Segel equation with diffusion and chemotactic coefficients that depend on the microscopic swimming parameters. Requiring the tumble rate to be positive, our model introduces an upper bound for the chemotactic drift velocity, which is no longer singular as in the original Keller–Segel model. Solving the Keller–Segel equations numerically, we identify traveling bacterial concentration pulses, for which we do not need a second, signaling chemical field nor a singular chemotactic drift velocity as demanded in earlier publications. We present an extensive study of the traveling pulses and demonstrate how their speeds, widths, and heights depend on the microscopic parameters. Most importantly, we discover a maximum number of bacteria that the pulse can sustain—the maximum carrying capacity. Finally, by tuning our parameters, we are able to match the experimental realization of the traveling bacterial pulse.
Higher amounts of loophole-free Bell violation using a heralded entangled source
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Cao Wen-Fei , Zhen Yi-Zheng , Chen Changchen , Li Li , Liu Nai-Le , Xu Feihu , Chen Kai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Loophole-free Bell non-locality test plays a central role in device-independent quantum information processing tasks, such as device-independent quantum random number generation (QRNG) and quantum key distribution (QKD). Inspired by the scheme of heralded spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) source proposed in (Śliwa C and Banaszek K 2003 Phys. Rev. A 67 030101), we present a loophole-free Bell test scheme that employs the heralded type of entangled photon pairs. Our proposal enables a much higher degree of Bell violation with realistic photonic devices over the one using the conventional SPDC source, thus allowing the implementation of device-independent QRNG and QKD with significant advantages. We anticipate that the scheme will enable variously subtle applications in device-independent quantum information processing tasks.
Spherical Valve Stability during Hydrodynamic Closure Process
Authors: Zhang Fei , Fu Jing , Liu Dianhai , Wang Shunjun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Normally in pump-storage power plant, spherical valve is installed in the terminal of penstock. Spherical valve is used to block the water flow or involving in regulation guarantee. The stability of spherical valve is of great importance for safe operation of pump-storage power plant and unit. In this literature, two kinds of implementation for spherical valve hydrodynamic closure method were discussed, and comparisons of methods were made. On the emphasis of safety, method of shut-down unit was employed for the case pump-storage power unit. For data achieved in hydrodynamic closure with rated load, characteristic analysis of time domain and spectrum analysis of frequency domain were used. The research indicates that on the guide vane failure with load the spherical valve can effectively block water passing passage and the spherical valve displacement meets the requirement of safe running. The maximum pressure pulsation and vibration happens at the spherical valve opening of 34%. Many frequencies occurred in the pressure and vibration signals, including frequencies of rotational stall and rotor stator interference frequency. Considering on the severe vibration of spherical valve, it is recommended that the spherical valve should not involve in the regulation guarantee so as to keep the power plant safety.
Correction of the Artificial Influence on Dredging Volume in the Yangtze Estuary Deep-water Channel
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhang Hong-wei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The artificial influence on dredging volume in the Yangtze Estuary Deep-water Channel is significant and complicated. By studying the relationship between daily average dredging volume and daily average residual shallow point volume, the evaluating standard and correcting method of the artificial influence on dredging volume is successfully put forward, and the key technical gap is filled. The corrected results show that: 1) The artificial influence measures are the effective ways to adjust dredging volume, and the dredging volume per year is gradually stabilized in a region with a relatively low volume and a significantly reduced range.2)The channel quality is different each year, the dredging volume of the channel is reduced by the artificial influence but the channel quality is also reduced.3) Since the Yangtze estuary deep water channel was opened, the decline trend of the annual silting intensity in the Nangang-yuanyuansha channel has been significant, but the tendency variation of the annual silting intensity in the North Channel, as the main object of research and improvement on sedimentation reduction, is not declining, which is actually a little bit increasing.
Modelling the Hydrologic Impacts of the Nanting River Regulation and On-site Validation in the Mengding Urban Area, China-Myanmar
Authors: Ji Yong-xing , Han Fei-fei , Zhang Jian-lin , Yin Yue , Song Chen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Nanting River runs through China and Myanmar, which has been planned to be renovated as the urban river of Mengding City, Yunnan. In order to make the river regulation works more efficient, different river discharges are tested in the 1-D and 2-D numerical models to investigate the variation of river hydrology and local flow field profiles before and after the construction works. The results are used to validate the feasibility of designed river parameters (including the width and the depth) and assess the correlation impacts. It proves that: 1) The Nanting River is a typical southern mountain river, of which the discharge has a great difference between rainy and dry seasons. The waterscape and flood control capability of different discharges should be considered for both ecological environment and flood control safety. 2) 1-D model is benchmarked against the on-site measurement data. The results indicate that 1-D model has the capability to simulate the hydrological characteristics before and after the regulation works and represent the influence of upstream and downstream flow. The results can be used as the boundary conditions in the 2-D model. 3) The simulations of the local flow field with different flow discharges are carried out by a 2-D numerical model. Those results are used for the assessments of the project layout and the revetment protection. 4) During the implementation of the regulation works, this project experienced the extreme flood which was close to the defense limit. Moreover, an earthquake and several floods hit this region. The structures survived and maintained in good condition in the hazards which proves that this regulation project is successful and necessary and the research method is valid and efficient.
Transient Process inversion calculation and extreme condition prediction of large pump turbine based on field test
Authors: Li Gaohui , Zhou Tianchi , Yu Xuesong , Yao Minjie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An innovative closing law, blocked for a while and then one segment linear closing, was investigated in a pump storage power station. It can mitigate the maximum pressure of the spiral case and the minimum pressure of the draft tube during load rejection. Problems also exist such as long load rejection process, intense unit vibration, large amplitude of the fluctuating pressure, large noise in the field. Considering the fluctuating pressure is significant in pump turbine, segmental correction method was proposed in order to guarantee the pressure inversion accurate. Field test under load rejection and hydraulic disturbance condition were conducted, proving that the fluctuating pressure is larger. The changing law of the fluctuating pressure was also obtained. The numerical result under the same condition agreed well with the test value, verifying the reliability of the numerical calculation. Numerical calculation was analysed under the extreme condition which is not suitable for field test. The result was corrected and then compared with the design value, checking the safety of the water conveyance system. The study provides reference for other pump storage power station.
Exploration on Big Data Architecture and its Correlation Analysis for Safety Monitoring in Operation of Basin’s Hydro-junctions
Authors: Li Shuangping , Liu Zuqiang , Zheng Min , Wang Huawei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to promote the application of big data analysis technology in the safety management in operation of basin’s hydro-junctions, the concept of big data and the “5V” characteristics are briefly described in this paper, which explains all the basic characteristics of monitoring data with big data. At the first time, it is proposed that the big data for safety monitoring in operation of basin’s hydro-junctions is composed of four dimensions: monitoring data of survey, design and construction, real-time monitoring data during operation and maintenance period, management data in operation and maintenance of dams and social resource data. The general relationship between the various factors of monitoring data, and the classification, process and mining method of correlation analysis for monitoring big data are analyzed. The method of analyzing the safety monitoring data in operation of basin’s hydro-junctions has been broadened, which meets the needs of the information and intelligence in management and operation of basin’s hydro-junctions.