bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental MRI and its application to fetal intervention
Authors: Aughwane Rosalind , Ingram Emma , Johnstone Edward D. , Salomon Laurent J. , David Anna L. , Melbourne Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of placental invasion has been part of clinical practice for many years. The possibility of being better able to assess placental vascularization and function using MRI has multiple potential applications. This review summarises up‐to‐date research on placental function using different MRI modalities.MethodWe discuss how combinations of these MRI techniques have much to contribute to fetal conditions amenable for therapy such as singletons at high risk for fetal growth restriction (FGR) and monochorionic twin pregnancies for planning surgery and counselling for selective growth restriction and transfusion conditions.ResultsThe whole placenta can easily be visualized on MRI, with a clear boundary against the amniotic fluid, and a less clear placental‐uterine boundary. Contrasts such as diffusion weighted imaging, relaxometry, blood oxygenation level dependent MRI and flow and metabolite measurement by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI, arterial spin labeling, or spectroscopic techniques are contributing to our wider understanding of placental function.ConclusionThe future of placental MRI is exciting, with the increasing availability of multiple contrasts and new models that will boost the capability of MRI to measure oxygen saturation and placental exchange, enabling examination of placental function in complicated pregnancies.
From treetops to tabletops: a preliminary investigation of how plants are represented in popular modern board games
Authors: Friedersdorff Jessica C. A. , Thomas Benjamin J. , Hay Hannah R. , Freeth‐Thomas Brodie A. , Creevey Christopher J. 
Published: July 2019

Societal Impact StatementPlants have been elements in games throughout history. In an era where “digital pushback” is becoming more common, the impressions that representations of plants in board games have on an audience is not to be overlooked. By acknowledging the importance, beauty and history of the botanic world and its considerable impact on the daily lives of human beings connected to it, modern board games may offer an entertainment route towards awareness as well as an educational resource to challenge plant blindness.
Summary
Plant blindness is the inability to appreciate plants in one's own environment, in the biosphere as a whole and their relationship to human affairs. Here, we discuss a community of interests in which we suggest that an appreciation of plants is vital for success: namely the world of modern board gaming. We present a classification system for the presentation of plants in the 500 most popular modern board games, where games are categorised based on their complexity, and representation and portrayal of plants. This initial mapping exercise defines a potential scope for the future analysis of how modern board games may offer a novel and interactive entertainment mechanism to challenge plant blindness and a framework for future analysis work in this area.
Structures of single‐layer β‐sheet proteins evolved from β‐hairpin repeats
Authors: Xu Qingping , Biancalana Matthew , Grant Joanna C. , Chiu Hsiu‐Ju , Jaroszewski Lukasz , Knuth Mark W. , Lesley Scott A. , Godzik Adam , Elsliger Marc‐André , Deacon Ashley M. , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFree‐standing single‐layer β‐sheets are extremely rare in naturally occurring proteins, even though β‐sheet motifs are ubiquitous. Here we report the crystal structures of three homologous, single‐layer, anti‐parallel β‐sheet proteins, comprised of three or four twisted β‐hairpin repeats. The structures reveal that, in addition to the hydrogen bond network characteristic of β‐sheets, additional hydrophobic interactions mediated by small clusters of residues adjacent to the turns likely play a significant role in the structural stability and compensate for the lack of a compact hydrophobic core. These structures enabled identification of a family of secreted proteins that are broadly distributed in bacteria from the human gut microbiome and are putatively involved in the metabolism of complex carbohydrates. A conserved surface patch, rich in solvent‐exposed tyrosine residues, was identified on the concave surface of the β‐sheet. These new modular single‐layer β‐sheet proteins may serve as a new model system for studying folding and design of β‐rich proteins.
Microencapsulation of Stearic Acid into Strontium Titanate Shell by Sol‐Gel Approach for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Subramanian Arunachalam , Appukuttan Sreekumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicroencapsulation of phase change material (PCM), stearic acid (SA) into strontium titanate (SrTiO3) shell was generated by means of sol‐gel approach using strontium nitrate and titanium tetraisopropoxide as precursors. The influence of core‐to‐shell ratio (stearic acid‐to‐strontium nitrate) was investigated on encapsulation ratio, stability and encapsulation efficiency in detail. It turned out that a maximum encapsulation efficiency of 41% and encapsulation ratio of 39% were resulted for the (1:2) ratio microencapsulated PCM. The TGA data confirmed that the fabricated MEPCMs degraded in two steps with less weight loss (78%) compared to pristine SA (99.76%). The cycling stability test recorded after 500 melting/solidification cycles revealed that the developed microcapsules retained excellent thermal stability. Detailed preparation of MEPCM and its analytical as well as thermal characterizations are presented.
The Investigation of a Multi‐Functional Peptide as Gelator, Dyes Separation Agent and Metal Ions Adsorbent
Authors: Li Zhenghao , Cui Chunling , Zhang Zongzheng , Meng Xiangxin , Yan Qianlong , Ouyang Jiahui , Xu Wenlong , Niu Yuzhong , Zhang Shaohua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA multi‐functional peptide molecule was rational designed to use as gelator, dyes separation agent and metal ions adsorbent. The peptide molecule consists of phenylalanine‐phenylalanine‐alanine‐cysteine‐aspartic acid with a protective group of acetyl, simplified as Ac‐FFACD‐OH. FF is the critical composition of gelator and contributes to the formation of gels in a range of pH values from 1.0 to 6.0. The application as drug delivery system (DDS) of gels was tested by encapsulating DOX without destroying the gel structure. The in vitro release behaviors were investigated at different pH, showing a rapid release at pH 5.5 while a slow release at pH 7.4. Among all the amino acids, D is one of the only two acidic amino acids, which can bring acidity and electronegativity to peptide molecules. The electrostatic attraction makes the peptide to be a good adsorption agent for cationic dyes and repulsive towards anionic dyes. Adsorption experiments show that the adsorption efficiency is higher than 90% for cationic dyes and lower than 25% for anionic dyes. In a separation experiment, about 60% of the anionic dyes can be separated from the mixed dyes. Metal ions are also adsorbed with high adsorption efficiency of > 99% for Fe3+ and > 95% for Cu2+. The multi‐functions of the peptide molecule will provide theoretical basis and practical application for the goal‐directed design of peptide molecule structures.
Effects of N‐Substitution on the Property of Acridone
Authors: Liu Renfei , Gao Hongshuai , Zhou Leyong , Ji Yongxin , Zhang Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA variety of N‐substituted acridone derivatives were synthesized to make a comparison of their properties according to the number of acridone unit and the nature of substituent. The spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations show that the properties of N‐substituted acridone derivatives are substituent‐dependent. With benzene, biphenyl, fluorene and carbazole as linkers, the acridone derivatives demonstrate the properties of acridone itself due to a very weak intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between acridone and the linker. However, significant ICT process is observed when the electron withdrawing groups are involved to form the donor–acceptor systems with acridone as the electron donating groups, which is different from the previously reported results of which acridone is usually used as an electron acceptor. Moreover, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is observed with anthraquinone as linker. The theoretical calculations reveal that the N‐substitutions have more influences on the locations and energy levels of the LUMOs than those of the HOMOs.
The architecture of attention: Group structure and subsidiary autonomy
Authors: Belenzon Sharon , Hashai Niron , Patacconi Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryThis paper examines the relationship between strategic decision‐making at the subsidiary level and organizational structure. In many organizations, headquarters and subsidiaries are separated by intermediate subsidiaries. Building on the attention‐based view of the firm, we argue that the greater the “organizational distance” of a focal subsidiary from headquarters (measured by the number of intermediate subsidiaries separating the subsidiary from headquarters), the lower the attention that headquarters devote to the subsidiary. Thus, subsidiary autonomy from headquarters increases with organizational distance. Using a large comprehensive dataset on the structure of corporate groups in Western Europe, we provide several pieces of evidence consistent with these hypotheses. By contrast, we find little support for the view that tall pyramids are created to magnify the voting control of large shareholders.
Managerial SummaryCorporate groups—confederations of legally independent firms linked via ownership ties—are common around the world. An important function of headquarters in corporate groups is to allocate resources among member firms. We argue that, because headquarters mostly focus on allocating resources among units that they directly own, subsidiaries near the top of the group perform differently in response to changing external conditions than similar unaffiliated firms. This difference declines as one moves down the group pyramid, as lower‐level affiliates receive less attention from headquarters. An analysis of a large comprehensive dataset on the structure of corporate groups in Western Europe supports these predictions. The paper suggests that the legal organization of groups is a useful instrument to channel limited headquarters attention to selected affiliates.
Adaptation across multiple landscapes: Relatedness, complexity, and the long run effects of coordination in diversified firms
Authors: Chen Mo , Kaul Aseem , Wu Brian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study the effect of coordination between businesses on the adaptation of diversified firms. Using a simulation‐based approach, we show that coordination between businesses limits adaptation, causing the relative performance of diversified firms to decline relative to their focused counterparts over time, with this effect being strongest for moderate levels of relatedness between, and complexity within, businesses. Given complexity, firms diversifying into moderately related businesses may therefore be better off limiting coordination between businesses to a few key activities—if they diversify at all—sacrificing short run synergies for long run flexibility. Our study thus offers a novel argument for conglomerate diversification, while linking work on the costs of coordination in diversified firms to the literature on organizational adaptation.Managerial SummaryWhile coordination of activities between businesses enables a diversified firm to realize synergies, it may also limit the flexibility of each business to adapt to changing conditions over time. Thus, the very cross‐business coordination that gives a diversified firm an advantage relative to its single business competitors in the short run may cause it to fall behind them in the long run. Using a mathematical simulation, we show that this negative effect is strongest for firms coordinating across moderately related businesses with activities that are highly interdependent. Multibusiness firms—especially moderately related diversifiers in complex businesses—may thus be better off coordinating only those activities that yield the greatest synergies, foregoing more marginal synergies in the short run for the sake of long run flexibility.
Microfluidic Chips for Life Sciences—A Comparison of Low Entry Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Grösche Maximilian , Zoheir Ahmed E. , Stegmaier Johannes , Mikut Ralf , Mager Dario , Korvink Jan G. , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic water‐in‐oil droplets are a versatile tool for biological and biochemical applications due to the advantages of extremely small monodisperse reaction vessels in the pL–nL range. A key factor for the successful dissemination of this technology to life science laboratory users is the ability to produce microfluidic droplet generators and related accessories by low‐entry barrier methods, which enable rapid prototyping and manufacturing of devices with low instrument and material costs. The direct, experimental side‐by‐side comparison of three commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) methods, namely fused deposition modeling (FDM), inkjet printing (InkJ), and stereolithography (SLA), is reported. As a benchmark, micromilling (MM) is used as an established method. To demonstrate which of these methods can be easily applied by the non‐expert to realize applications in topical fields of biochemistry and microbiology, the methods are evaluated with regard to their limits for the minimum structure resolution in all three spatial directions. The suitability of functional SLA and MM chips to replace classic SU‐8 prototypes is demonstrated on the basis of representative application cases.
Nanodiamond‐Based Theranostic Platform for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging
Authors: Gao Guanyue , Guo Qingyue , Zhi Jinfang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNanodiamonds (NDs) are promising candidates for biomedical application due to their excellent biocompatibility and innate physicochemical properties. In this Concept article, nanodiamond‐based theranostic platforms, which combine both drug delivery features and bioimaging functions, are discussed. The latest developments of therapeutic strategies are introduced and future perspectives for theranostic NDs are addressed.
Forensic inference of biogeographical ancestry from genotype: The Genetic Ancestry Lab
Authors: McNevin Dennis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractShort tandem repeat (STR) profiling of DNA has become ubiquitous in forensic practice and is used to associate people, objects, and places with each other and with crimes. STRs can include or exclude a suspect or victim as the donor of biological evidence. In the absence of a matching profile, however, STRs have limited value. It is possible, then, to extract other information from the DNA that might lead forensic investigators to an offender. Examples include biogeographical ancestry (BGA) and externally visible characteristics (EVCs). These require alternative genetic markers including single nucleotide polymorphisms and microhaplotypes which can be genotyped on many different platforms including capillary electrophoresis, microarrays, and massively parallel sequencing (MPS). The Genetic Ancestry Lab (GAL) in Australia provides estimates of BGA and EVCs derived from DNA that is extracted from biological evidence and then subjected to targeted amplicon enrichment and subsequent MPS. This review will describe the process of BGA prediction employed by the GAL as well as describing alternative practices. Limitations are addressed and future directions highlighted, including resolution of genetic admixture. It is highly likely that inference of BGA will become standard forensic practice, performed simultaneously with or in addition to STR profiling, and it is hoped that this review might provide a road map.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Ancestry Determination
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence
Forensic Biology > Ancestry Determination using DNA Methods
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Wie Reallabore für Herausforderungen und Expertise in der Gestaltung transdisziplinären und transformativen Forschens sensibilisieren – eine Einführung
Authors: Defila Rico , Di Giulio Antonietta 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag erläutert Kontext, Ziel, Entstehung und Aufbau des Buchs. Dessen Hintergrund bilden forschungspraktische Erfahrungen in Reallaboren, d. h. in Projekten, in denen transdisziplinär geforscht und gleichzeitig ein transformativer Anspruch verfolgt wird. Der Beitrag zieht zum einen Bilanz hinsichtlich dessen, was sich gegenüber dem ersten Band der Methodensammlung verändert hat, was gleichgeblieben ist, und welche Gesichtspunkte neu hinzukommen. Dabei wird erneut Bezug genommen auf Fragen, die von generellem Interesse sein dürften für solche Forschung innerhalb wie außerhalb von Reallaboren: (1) Wer sind die an transdisziplinärer (und transformativer) Forschung partizipierenden Akteure? (2) Wie innovativ sind die bei einer solchen Forschung eingesetzten Methoden? (3) Können die Forschungsziele und die Praxisziele bei dieser Art Forschung ausbalanciert werden? Zum anderen erörtert der Beitrag, welche Expertise Projektverantwortliche aufbauen müssen, um die vielfältigen Anforderungen an transdisziplinäre (und transformative) Projekte zu erfüllen. Den Schluss bilden Überlegungen zu den Bedingungen dafür, dass die Erfahrungen in Reallaboren fruchtbar gemacht werden können für die Methodik transdisziplinären und transformativen Forschens.
„UrbanUtopiaLAB“ – einen Möglichkeitsraum zur Produktion von Transformationswissen schaffen
Authors: West Christina , Kück Svenja 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungEin „UrbanUtopiaLAB“ dient dazu, transdisziplinäres Wissen zu erzeugen über die gewünschte Entwicklung von urbanen Räumen wie Quartier, Stadt, Region, d. h. von Räumen, in denen häufig auf engem Raum multiple Bedeutungszuschreibungen und Raumerfahrungen sowie unterschiedliche Vorstellungen über die Nutzung des öffentlichen Raums bestehen. Das „UrbanUtopiaLAB“ setzt bei individuellen Wahrnehmungen, Nutzungen und Visionen an. Darauf aufbauend werden in mehreren Schritten direkt umsetzbare Vorhaben oder Handlungsempfehlungen für Politik bzw. Verwaltung entwickelt. Das „UrbanUtopiaLAB“ umfasst die vier Phasen (1) StadtERFORSCHEN (mit Emo/Action-Mapping, d. h. kollektivem Kartieren), (2) StadtERKUNDEN, (3) StadtEXPERIMENTIEREN, und (4) StadtMITENTSCHEIDEN. Der Beitrag erläutert, wie die Phasen (1) und (2) im Rahmen einer eintägigen Veranstaltung umgesetzt werden. Er geht nicht nur auf Aspekte wie Zeitplan, Räumlichkeiten, Anforderungen an die Moderation sowie Auswahl und Einladung der Teilnehmenden ein, sondern insbesondere auch auf das Material, das nötig ist für das Emo/Action-Mapping. Phasen (3) und (4) werden nicht gleichermaßen detailliert beschrieben, da diese maßgeblich von den Ergebnissen in den Phasen (1) und (2) bestimmt werden.
Unterschiedliche Handlungslogiken in transdisziplinären und transformativen Forschungsprojekten – Welche Risikokulturen entwickeln sich daraus und wie lassen sie sich konstruktiv einbinden?
Authors: Gonser Monika , Eckart Jochen , Eller Charlotte , Köglberger Katharina , Häußler Elke , Piontek Felix M. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungIn transdisziplinären und transformativen Forschungsprojekten arbeiten Akteure zusammen, deren Handeln verschiedenen Wertsystemen und Regeln folgt, die unterschiedliche Dinge als Risiko und Chance begreifen und nicht dieselben Strategien im Umgang mit Risiken anwenden. Die Herausforderung besteht darin, das Potenzial dieser Vielfalt fruchtbar zu machen und mit den Konflikten, die daraus entstehen können, konstruktiv umzugehen. Voraussetzung dafür ist, die Unterschiedlichkeit der Handlungslogiken und Risikokulturen zu verstehen und sie nicht (allein) an den Individuen festzumachen. Der Beitrag stellt dafür einen systemtheoretischen Analyserahmen zur Verfügung, in dem die Projektbeteiligten als Angehörige gesellschaftlicher Teilsysteme verstanden werden und der bei der Planung eines Projekts oder zur Selbstreflexion während der Durchführung verwendet werden kann. Der Analyserahmen wird vorgestellt und auf die Teilsysteme Wissenschaft, Politik, Recht, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft angewendet. Am Beispiel kommunaler Akteure wird gezeigt, dass ein Akteur mehreren Teilsystemen angehören kann. Anhand vielfältiger Erfahrungen wird diskutiert, was das Zusammentreffen von Teilsystemen für die Arbeit und das Risikomanagement in einem Projekt bedeutet.
Kommunale Akteure verstehen: Komplexe Entscheidungswege in Kommunen beachten
Authors: Gonser Monika , Riel Jan , Eckart Jochen , Erl Thorsten , Häußler Elke 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungEine Akteursanalyse liefert wertvolle Grundlagen für die Gestaltung der Partizipation in einem Reallabor. Bleiben dabei relevante Besonderheiten unbeachtet, entstehen ‚blinde Flecken‘. Der Kurz-Beitrag erörtert den ‚blinden Flecken‘, der entsteht, wenn ausgeblendet wird, dass die Entscheidungswege in Kommunen komplex sind und Entscheidungen von verschiedenen Akteuren getroffen werden, je nachdem, um welche Art Entscheidung es geht. Der Beitrag zeigt, welche Aspekte der Entscheidungswege innerhalb kommunaler Strukturen zu beleuchten sind und weshalb es wichtig ist, diese zu kennen. Die weiteren ‚blinden Flecken‘, die im Buch beleuchtet werden, sind die, die durch einen verkürzten Blick auf die Vorgeschichte bzw. auf die Verteilung der Wissensbestände in Kommunen entstehen.
Die „Exchange-Veranstaltungsreihe“ – ein Planungs- und Steuerungsinstrument für transdisziplinäre Forschungsprojekte
Authors: Benighaus Christina , Zevallos Belen , Eller Charlotte , Hilligardt Martina , Alimardani Mandana , Benighaus Ludger 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt eine Anleitung zur Planung einer „Exchange-Veranstaltungsreihe“ noch vor Beginn der eigentlichen Forschung vor. Eine „Exchange-Veranstaltungsreihe“ gliedert die Laufzeit eines Projekts anhand mehrerer aufeinander aufbauender transdisziplinärer Veranstaltungen, die damit das ‚Gerüst‘ der transdisziplinären Arbeit bilden. Die transdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit anhand einer „Exchange-Veranstaltungsreihe“ zu konzipieren, eignet sich dann, wenn die transdisziplinäre Co-Produktion von Wissen maßgeblich mit externen Beteiligten erfolgt, die punktuell in die Forschungsarbeit involviert werden. Thematisch bietet sich das Vorgehen an bei gesellschaftlich aktuellen und politisch kontrovers diskutierten Themen, die mit einer hohen Dynamik einhergehen hinsichtlich neuer Erfahrungen und Praktiken und/oder hinsichtlich der sich verändernden Akteurslandschaft, weil so die jeweils aktuellen Akteure und das jeweils neue Praxiswissen in die Forschung integriert werden können. Zudem eignet sich das Instrument, wenn die Forschung eher auf eine allgemeine Problemstellung und weniger auf ihre lokale Verortung fokussiert, weil es mit diesem Vorgehen leichter gelingt, eine Vielfalt von Akteuren in das Projekt zu integrieren.
Discovering and correcting a deadlock in a channel implementation
Authors: Lowe Gavin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigate the cause of a deadlock in the implementation of a channel in a message-passing concurrency API. We model the channel implementation using the process algebra CSP, and then use the model checker FDR to find the cause of the deadlock. The bug is rather subtle, and arguably infeasible to spot by hand. We then propose a straightforward fix to the bug, and use CSP and FDR to verify this fix.