bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Sell‐Side Research More Valuable in Bad Times?
Authors: LOH ROGER K. , STULZ RENÉ M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBecause uncertainty is high in bad times, investors find it harder to assess firm prospects and hence should value analyst output more. However, higher uncertainty makes analysts’ tasks harder, so it is unclear whether analyst output is more valuable in bad times. We find that in bad times, analyst revisions have a larger stock‐price impact, earnings forecast errors per unit of uncertainty fall, and analyst reports are more frequent and longer. The increased impact of analysts is also more pronounced for harder‐to‐value firms. These results are consistent with analysts working harder and investors relying more on analysts in bad times.
Rapidly developing multimorbidity and disability in older adults: does social background matter?
Authors: Calderón‐Larrañaga A. , Santoni G. , Wang H. X. , Welmer A. K. , Rizzuto D. , Vetrano D. L. , Marengoni A. , Fratiglioni L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity is among the most disabling geriatric conditions. In this study, we explored whether a rapid development of multimorbidity potentiates its impact on the functional independence of older adults, and whether different sociodemographic factors play a role beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation.MethodsA random sample of persons aged ≥60 years (n = 2387) from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC‐K) was followed over 6 years. The speed of multimorbidity development was estimated as the rate of chronic disease accumulation (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper versus the three lower rate quartiles. Binomial negative mixed models were used to analyse the association between speed of multimorbidity development and disability (impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living), expressed as the incidence rate ratio (IRR). The effect of sociodemographic factors, including sex, education, occupation and social network, was investigated.ResultsThe risk of new activity impairment was higher among participants who developed multimorbidity faster (IRR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9–3.1) compared with those who accumulated diseases more slowly overtime, even after considering the baseline number of chronic conditions. Only female sex (IRR for women vs. men 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.0) and social network (IRR for poor vs. rich social network 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.2) showed an effect on disability beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation.ConclusionsRapidly developing multimorbidity is a negative prognostic factor for disability. However, sociodemographic factors such as sex and social network may determine older adults' reserves of functional ability, helping them to live independently despite the rapid accumulation of chronic conditions.
The effect of Baby‐friendly status on exclusive breastfeeding in U.S. hospitals
Authors: Patterson Julie A. , Keuler Nicholas S. , Olson Beth H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn 2014, a leading hospital accreditation agency, mandated hospitals publicly report their exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. This new regulation provided an opportunity to explore differences in EBF outcomes using a standardized definition across a large hospital sample in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between population demographics and the Baby‐friendly (BF) hospital designation on EBF rates in hospitals throughout the United States. We obtained EBF rates from 121 BF hospitals and 1,608 hospitals without the BF designation. Demographic variables were computed using census tract data for the population surrounding each hospital. Relationships were explored using linear regression. We found that EBF rates were positively correlated with a bachelor's degree, log income, and those who identified as White or Asian and negatively correlated with those without college attendance, individuals living below the poverty line, and those who identified as African American or Hispanic. For all models, the BF designation of a hospital was associated with higher EBF rates (p < 0.01; effect sizes, 0.11–0.49) with the exception of the model containing log income. Using a multiple linear regression model that was allowed to contain more than one independent variable, we were able to explain 22% of the variability in EBF rates. The BF hospital designation was associated with significantly higher EBF rates independent of demographic variables. Support for hospitals to attain the BF hospital designation is a meaningful public health goal.
Association mapping reveals candidate loci for resistance and anaemic response to an emerging temperature‐driven parasitic disease in a wild salmonid fish
Authors: Ahmad F. , Debes P. V. , Palomar G. , Vasemägi A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEven though parasitic infections are often costly or deadly for the host, we know very little which genes influence parasite susceptibility and disease severity. Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging and, at elevated water temperatures, potentially deadly disease of salmonid fishes that is caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. By screening >7.6 K SNPs in 255 wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) and combining association mapping and Random Forest approaches, we identified several candidate genes for both the parasite resistance (inverse of relative parasite load; RPL) and the severe anaemic response to the parasite. The strongest RPL‐associated SNP mapped to a noncoding region of the congeneric Atlantic salmon (S. salar) chromosome 10, whereas the second strongest RPL‐associated SNP mapped to an intronic region of PRICKLE2 gene, which is a part of the planar cell polarity signalling pathway involved in kidney development. The top SNP associated with anaemia mapped to the intron of the putative PRKAG2 gene. The human ortholog of this gene has been associated with haematocrit and other blood‐related traits, making it a prime candidate influencing parasite‐triggered anaemia in brown trout. Our findings demonstrate the power of association mapping to pinpoint genomic regions and potential causative genes underlying climate change‐driven parasitic disease resistance and severity. Furthermore, this work illustrates the first steps towards dissecting genotype–phenotype links in a wild fish population using closely related genome information.
Vision‐Based Fatigue Crack Detection of Steel Structures Using Video Feature Tracking
Authors: Kong Xiangxiong , Li Jian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFatigue cracks developed under repetitive loads are one of the major threats to structural integrity of steel bridges. Human inspection is the most commonly applied approach for fatigue crack detection, but is time consuming, labor intensive, and lacks reliability. In this study, we propose a computer vision‐based fatigue crack detection approach using a short video stream taken by a consumer‐grade digital camera. A feature tracking technology is applied to the video for tracking the surface motion of the monitored structure under repetitive load. Then, a crack detection and localization algorithm is established to effectively search differential features at different video frames caused by the crack opening and closing. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through testing two experimental specimens with in‐plane and out‐of‐plane fatigue cracks, respectively. Results indicate that the proposed approach can robustly identify the fatigue crack, even when the crack is under ambient lighting conditions, surrounded by other crack‐like edges, covered by complex surface textures, or invisible to human eyes due to crack closure. Furthermore, our proposed approach enables accurate quantification of the crack opening under fatigue loading with submillimeter accuracy. However, due to the capacity of the camera resolution in this study, accurate detection of crack tip remains challenging.
Contrasting acclimation abilities of two dominant boreal conifers to elevated CO2 and temperature
Authors: Kurepin Leonid V. , Stangl Zsofia R. , Ivanov Alexander G. , Bui Vi , Mema Marin , Hüner Norman P.A. , Öquist Gunnar , Way Danielle , Hurry Vaughan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh latitude forests will experience large changes in temperature and CO2 concentrations this century. We evaluated the effects of future climate conditions on 2 dominant boreal tree species, Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) H. Karst, exposing seedlings to 3 seasons of ambient (430 ppm) or elevated CO2 (750 ppm) and ambient temperatures, a + 4 °C warming or a + 8 °C warming. Pinus sylvestris responded positively to warming: seedlings developed a larger canopy, maintained high net CO2 assimilation rates (Anet), and acclimated dark respiration (Rdark). In contrast, carbon fluxes in Picea abies were negatively impacted by warming: maximum rates of Anet decreased, electron transport was redirected to alternative electron acceptors, and thermal acclimation of Rdark was weak. Elevated CO2 tended to exacerbate these effects in warm‐grown Picea abies, and by the end of the experiment Picea abies from the +8 °C, high CO2 treatment produced fewer buds than they had 3 years earlier. Treatments had little effect on leaf and wood anatomy. Our results highlight that species within the same plant functional type may show opposite responses to warming and imply that Picea abies may be particularly vulnerable to warming due to low plasticity in photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism.
Giant reed genotypes from temperate and arid environments show different response mechanisms to drought
Authors: Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Della Rocca Giammi , Centritto Mauro , Parenti Andrea , Monti Andrea 
Published: February 2018

Studies at the root level and how the root–shoot interactions may influence the whole crop performance of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) under limited water conditions are largely missing. In the present study, we illustrate the effects of water stress on some phenotypic traits at the root–shoot levels of two giant reed genotypes (from Morocco and Northern Italy) that were reported to have different adaptive hydraulic stem conductivities despite the limited genetic variability of the species. The trial was carried out in 1 m3 rhizotrons (1 × 1 × 1 m) for two consecutive growing seasons. As expected, both genotypes showed an effective behavior to contrast water shortage; however, the Moroccan genotype showed a higher leaf water potential, a lower root length density (RLD) and thinner roots in the upper soil layer (0–20 cm), and similar to control RLD values at deep soil layers (40–60 cm). On the other hand the Italian genotype showed the opposite pattern; that is no drought (DR) effects in RLD and root diameter at upper soil layers and reduced RLD in deep layers, thus revealing different DR adaptation characteristics between two genotypes. This DR adaptation variability might bring new insights on DR tolerance of giant reed identifying potential traits aimed to improve the integral plant functioning, to a more efficient use of water resources, and to a more effective crop allocation to targeted stressful conditions under a climate change scenario that foresees the increase of DR periods.
Soluble MHC class II‐driven therapy for a systemic lupus erythematosus murine experimental in vitro and in vivo model
Authors: Bakela K. , Dimakopoulou M. , Batsou P. , Manidakis N. , Athanassakis I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTaking into consideration the multiparametric nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the severity and variability of symptoms and the lack of effective therapeutic approaches, this study took advantage of the recently described role of soluble major histocompatibility complex class II (sMHCII) molecules in maintaining tolerance to the organism and attempted to apply sMHCII proteins as a treatment to murine SLE experimental models in vitro as well as in vivo. After breaking tolerance to DNA in vitro, which was accompanied by development of specific anti‐dsDNA antibodies, syngeneic or allogeneic sMHCII molecules, purified from healthy mouse serum, could significantly reduce the specific antibody levels and drive the system towards immunosuppression, as assessed by specific marker analysis on T cells and cytokine production by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. The in vivo experimental model consisted of pristane‐induced SLE symptoms to BALB/c mice, which developed maximal levels of anti‐dsDNA 2 months after pristane inoculation. Syngeneic or allogeneic sMHCII administration could alleviate pristane‐induced symptoms, significantly decrease specific anti‐dsDNA antibody production and develop immunosuppression to the host, as manifested by increase of CD4 + CTLA‐4 + and CD4 + CD25 + cell populations in the spleen. Thus, the results presented in this study introduced the ability of sMHCII proteins to suppress specific autoantigen response, opening new areas of research and offering novel therapeutic approaches to SLE with expanding features to other autoimmune diseases.
Whorl pattern keratopathies in veterinary and human patients
Authors: Kim Soohyun , Thomasy Sara M. , Ramsey David , Zhao Min , Mannis Mark J. , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe course travelled by corneal epithelial cells from their stem cell niche at the limbus toward the vertex of the cornea is normally not evident due to their transparency, but in certain conditions, the epithelial cells can be rendered visible to the clinician. In such cases, the pathway taken by epithelial cells can manifest as a whorl pattern described using a variety of terms including hurricane keratitis/keratopathy, vortex keratopathy, whorl keratopathy, cornea verticillata, and at times, named after causative agents as exemplified by amiodarone keratopathy. Here, we briefly discuss the terminology used and the spectrum of conditions that can result in keratopathies with whorl patterns in human patients. We review the manifestations of such patterns in veterinary patients and discuss the state of understanding of the underlying forces that create the whorl distribution of epithelial cells on the ocular surface.
Sub‐Tenon's anesthesia for canine cataract surgery
Authors: Bayley Kellam D. , Read R. A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo test a sub‐Tenon's anesthesia technique in dogs as an alternative to systemic neuromuscular blockade to aid in canine cataract surgery under general anesthesia.ProceduresA prospective controlled clinical study was performed involving 12 dogs undergoing bilateral cataract surgery under general anesthesia. One eye was randomly assigned to have phacoemulsification and prosthetic lens implantation performed with sub‐Tenon's anesthesia (STA), and the control eye had surgery performed with systemic neuromuscular blockade (NMB). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured immediately before and afterSTAadministration. Globe position, globe rotation, pupillary dilation, and vitreal expansion were assessed for bothSTAandNMBeyes during surgery.ResultsSub‐Tenon's anesthesia produced a globe position suitable for cataract surgery with the degree of vitreal expansion not significantly different to controlNMBeyes.STAproduced greater anterior globe displacement thanNMBin all cases.STAhad no significant effect onIOP.ConclusionSub‐Tenon's anesthesia was an effective alternative to systemic neuromuscular blockade for canine cataract surgery and may be beneficial for surgical exposure in deep orbited breeds.
Technique, postoperative complications, and visual outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery in 21 penguins (27 eyes): 2011‐2015
Authors: Church Melanie L. , Priehs Daniel R. , Denis Heidi , Croft Lara , DiRocco Stacy , Davis Michelle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe surgical technique, postoperative complications, and visual outcome in penguins after phacoemulsification lens extraction surgery.Animals studiedTwenty‐one penguins (27 eyes) that had phacoemulsification from 2011 to 2015 at Animal Eye Associates. Species included are as follows: 14 southern Rockhopper (18 eyes, 66.6%), 4 Gentoo (4 eyes, 19%), 2 King (3 eyes, 9.5%), and 1 Chinstrap penguin (2 eyes, 4.8%). Eleven of the penguins were females, and 10 were males with average age at the time of surgery being 27.5 years (range of 22‐31 years).ProcedureThis is a retrospective study of phacoemulsification cataract surgery patients from 2011 to 2015. Visual outcome was evaluated by veterinary ophthalmologists at postoperative recheck examinations and subjectively by penguin keepers using individual bird surveys and pairedttests for statistical analysis.ResultsAll eyes were functionally visual after surgery and at the time of last follow‐up. Based on keeper surveys, 81% (17/21) of penguins showed immediate improvements in overall quality of life and 90% (19/21) of penguins exhibited improvement in mobility and behavior within their exhibit following cataract removal. Of the 14 penguins that received 1:5 intracameral atracurium during surgery, 10 (71.4%) had moderate mydriasis, 1 (7.1%) had minimal mydriasis, and 3 (21.4%) showed no effect to the pupil. Seventy percent of the cases had phacoemulsification times less than 60 seconds/eye; the mean time was 72 seconds. Sixteen eyes (59.3%) underwent anterior capsulotomy only, planned anterior and posterior capsulotomies were performed in 3 eyes (11.1%), and the entire lens capsule was removed due to capsular fibrosis and wrinkling in 8 eyes (29.6%). The most common short‐term postoperative complication was temporary mild blepharospasm and/or epiphora, reported in 8 eyes (29.6%) from 7 penguins (33.3%). Long‐term complications, 2‐6 years postoperatively, included posterior synechiation resulting in dyscoria (10 of 24 eyes, 41.7%) and capsular fibrosis in all penguins with residual lens capsule (19/19, 100%).ConclusionThe prognosis for vision and behavioral improvement after phacoemulsification surgery in penguins is good, with low incidence of vision‐threatening complications.
Effect of a patency bundle on central venous catheter complications among hospitalized adult patients: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Huang Vivian 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to improve continuity of care by decreasing central catheter occlusions in adults in two acute care units with high use of central venous catheters. Specific objectives were to introduce a patency bundle and train nurses on thrombolytic administration for timely resolution of catheter occlusions.

Introduction:
Central venous catheters are a vital component of medical care of acutely ill hospitalized patients. Occluded catheters delay treatment and can increase infection risk. There are bundles of best practices on catheter insertion, dressing and removal. However, a gap exists in nursing guidance for maintaining and restoring catheter patency.

Methods:
The project used the Joanna Briggs Institute's tools for promoting practice change. Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) and Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) assisted with strategy formation and data analysis. Direct observation and medical record review were used for baseline and follow-up audits. Several teaching strategies were employed to educate direct care nurses.

Results:
Occlusion rates fluctuated greatly above and below baseline rates. Infection rates did not increase with thrombolytic administration. Nurses’ compliance with catheter access and flushing techniques doubled. Timeliness of thrombolytic administration increased to 100% compliance. However, patency documentation did not improve.

Conclusions:
Multi-modal education reached all nurses and contributed to significantly improved compliance with patency best practice. Nurses were empowered to expediently troubleshoot occlusions by using thrombolytics. However, three months of post-implementation data was not enough to demonstrate a continued downward trend in occlusion rates. Thrombolytic administration by nurses on the other adult units and improved patency documentation are in the planning stages.
Effectiveness of primary surgery versus primary radiotherapy on unknown primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Dharmawardana Nuwan , Campbell Jared M. , Carney A. Simon , Boase Samuel 
Published: February 2018

Review question:
The review question is: what is the effectiveness of primary surgery versus primary radiotherapy on disease-free survival and quality of life in adults with an unknown primary, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
Coach Education and Learning Sources for Coaches of Masters Swimmers
Authors: Callary Bettina , Rathwell Scott , Young Bradley W. 
Published: February 2018

Masters Athletes (MAs; adult athletes typically over 35 years old who prepare in order to compete at levels ranging from very recreational competition to serious competition) want coaches to cater their approaches to working with adults. Using adult learning principles, we previously found that some coaches cater their approaches in ways to accommodate the manner in which adult athletes prefer to learn. The purpose of this article is to articulate swim coaches’ perceptions of how they learned to work with MAs and whether their formal coach training meets their needs related to coaching MAs. Eleven swim coaches were interviewed regarding how they learned to coach MAs, and were questioned specifically about their coach development broadly and coach education specifically. The data were thematically analyzed and results revealed six main learning sources: coaching experiences (e.g., interacting with MAs, reflection, advice from MAs, coaching youth), experience as an athlete, reading books and Internet searches, networks and mentors, formal coach education, and non-swimming experiences. Results also revealed key themes about coaches’ perceptions regarding coach education, specifically the lack of connection between coach education programs and the Masters sport context, and coaches’ interest in coach education specific to MAs.
Ecological Physics and the Perceptual Information That Supports Motor Control
Authors: Stoffregen Thomas A. 
Published: February 2018

Ordinary behavior, such as walking, reading, and throwing, depends on real-time perceptual guidance. In this article, I discuss the nature of perceptual information that, in principle, might be sufficient for the guidance of movement to achieve behavioral goals. I argue that we achieve behavioral goals by controlling movements relative to multiple physical referents. Movement relative to different physical referents causes changes in the structure of different forms of ambient energy (e.g., light, sound) and, therefore, to changes in sensory stimulation. I claim that movement always is controlled simultaneously relative to multiple referents, such that no single form of ambient energy can, in principle, contain information that is sufficient for successful control. The needed perceptual information exists, I claim, solely in theglobal array, that is, in emergent, higher-order patterns that extend across different forms of ambient energy. I review formal and empirical examples, and discuss implications for kinesiology.