bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of HLA variation in lymphoma aetiology and survival
Authors: Zhong C. , Cozen W. , Bolanos R. , Song J. , Wang S. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpidemiologic and laboratory evidence has consistently supported a strong inflammatory and immune component for lymphoma aetiology. These studies have consistently implicated variation in the immune gene, human leucocyte antigen (HLA), to be associated with lymphoma risk. In this review, we summarize the historical and recent evidence of HLA in both lymphoma aetiology and survival. The recent momentum in uncovering HLA associations has been propelled by the conduct of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), which has permitted the evaluation of imputed HLA alleles in much larger sample sizes than historically feasible with allelotyping studies. Based on the culmination of smaller HLA typing studies and larger GWAS, we now recognize several HLA associations with Hodgkin (HL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) and their subtypes. Although other genetic variants have also been implicated with lymphoma risk, it is notable that HLA associations have been reported in every NHL and HL subtype evaluated to date. Both HLA class I and class II alleles have been linked with NHL and HL risk. It is notable that the associations identified are largely specific to each lymphoma subtype. However, pleiotropic HLA associations have also been observed. For example, rs10484561, which is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA‐DRB1*01:01˜DQA1*01:01˜DQB1*05:01, has been implicated in increased FL and DLBCL risk. Opposing HLA associations across subtypes have also been reported, such as for HLA‐A*01:01 which is associated with increased risk of EBV‐positive cHL but decreased risk of EBV‐negative cHL and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small cell lymphoma. Due to extensive linkage disequilibrium and allele/haplotypic variation across race/ethnicities, identification of causal alleles/haplotypes remains challenging. Follow‐up functional studies are needed to identify the specific immunological pathways responsible in the multifactorial aetiology of HL and NHL. Correlative studies linking HLA alleles with known molecular subtypes and HLA expression in the tumours are also needed. Finally, additional association studies investigating HLA diversity and lymphoma survival are also required to replicate initial associations reported to date.
Maximising access to kidney transplantation: A single‐centre audit of people receiving dialysis
Authors: Burns Tania , Turner Kylie , Brown Mark 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundDespite transplantation being well documented as the renal replacement therapy option that gives the best morbidity and mortality outcomes, the best quality of life and the best value for healthcare dollar, not all patients are on a kidney transplant waiting list.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were (1) to explore possible reasons for a demonstrated a higher rate of people being listed as suitable for transplant in a non‐transplanting unit and (2) to describe a formal process of review and referral as a method for maximising the number of people gaining access to the transplant waiting list.MethodsWe prospectively audited all patients who were undergoing dialysis in our metropolitan, non‐transplanting renal unit annually over six years to determine whether not being on the transplant waiting list was in keeping with available eligibility guidelines of medical and behavioural criteria.ResultsIn every age group, the percentage of patients listed for transplant was higher than that seen in national data. The most common reasons for people not to be listed were malignancy, obesity and cardiovascular disease. This unit's patients had fewer smokers, less females and less Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders which may have contributed towards a higher rate of activation on the list.ConclusionIn this dialysis patient population having a formal process of review for suitability and referral, as well as a specialist renal transplant coordinator nurse positively affected the number of patients being activated on the transplant waiting list.
Training High School Student “Citizen Scientists” to Document School Water Access: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Walkinshaw Lina Pinero , Hecht Christina , Patel Anisha , Podrabsky Mary 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDYouth water consumption is inadequate. Increasing adolescent water consumption could support decreased dental caries and body mass index (BMI). Most schools are required to provide free, potable water. However, there is evidence that schools' self‐reported compliance data overestimate access to water in schools. We tested the feasibility of using student citizen scientists to collect high quality observational data about water sources in schools.METHODSWe trained 12 teams of high school students to use a validated photo‐evidence protocol to photograph and submit data on water sources in elementary and secondary schools. We surveyed students and advisors to assess student learning, advisor burden, and project feasibility.RESULTSStudents submitted data for 325 water sources across 40 racially and economically diverse schools. We were able to use 99% of the student‐submitted photographs to measure water source wear, cleanliness, accessibility, and flow. The majority of students (72%, N = 70) spent under 2 hours photographing each school. The majority of students and advisors felt the project was valuable and feasible.CONCLUSIONSHigh school students can use a photographic method to collect data for analysis, and understand access to water in schools. This is a feasible, scalable, cost‐effective method to gather valid water source data.
Dietaryl‐arginine supplementation influences growth performance and B‐cell secretion of immunoglobulin in broiler chickens
Authors: Liu Shasha , Tan JianZhuang , Hu Yadi , Jia Xianbo , Kogut Michael H. , Yuan Jianmin , Zhang Hongfu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur previous study has shown that high levels ofl‐arginine (ARG) have reduced serum and mucosal antibody concentrations. In order to provide a better understanding in the application of ARG supplementation in the poultry industry, the study was conducted to investigate the effect of high levels of ARG on performance and B‐cell secretion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG development in broiler chickens. A total of 192 1‐day‐old male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups (8 replicates per group, 6 birds per replicate) fed diets containing one of four ARG concentrations (analysed): 9.8, 14.7, 19.1 and 23.4 g/kg respectively. Growth performance was measured based on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing ARG quadratically increased (p < 0.05) BWG and FI with reaching plateau at 14.7 g/kg, while linearly decreased (p < 0.05) FCR, indicating that maximal performance required ARG no more than 14.7 g/kg in diets. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing ARG. Chickens fed 19.1 g/kg or 23.4 g/kg ARG had lower (p < 0.05) serum IgG or IgM than chickens fed 9.8 g/kg ARG. As for the mRNA expression of bursal IgG and IgM, they were significantly downregulated with increasing ARG (p < 0.05). Chickens on ARG (>19.1 g/kg) had a lower (p < 0.05) IgG and IgM mRNA expression than chickens fed 9.8 g/kg. Activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA expression was linearly reduced with increasing ARG (p < 0.05), the transcriptional repressor B‐cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) mRNA expression was quadratically (p < 0.05) responded, and these cytokines had the lowest expression at 19.1 g/kg. ARG supplementation (>14.7 g/kg) did not significantly improve the growth performance, while it may have a potential negative regulatory effect on B‐cell‐mediated humoral immunity in chickens associated with suppression of the STAT3 expression associated with the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) feeding on lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) in northern Norway
Authors: Jourdain Eve , Karoliussen Richard , de Vos Jacques , Zakharov Stanislav E. , Tougard Christelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKiller whales (Orcinus orca) in Norwegian waters have long been known to rely on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) as a main prey resource. However, research almost exclusively conducted at seasonal herring grounds may have biased studies away from detecting other potentially significant prey species. Since 2013, dedicated research efforts have focused on monitoring killer whale occurrence and foraging ecology throughout the year in northern Norway. This study presents results on site‐fidelity of photographically identified individuals, predation records and behavioral patterns from five spring seasons (March–April) in 2014–2018 in Andfjord, northern Norway. A minimum number of 75 adult and subadult killer whales (out of a catalog of 971 individuals) returned seasonally to the study area for foraging and residency for up to six weeks. Lumpfish (or lumpsucker, Cyclopterus lumpus) was the only type of prey identified (based on molecular or visual identification) on 22 predation events from 2016 (n = 4), 2017 (n = 2) and 2018 (n = 16). Spatial group cohesion observed when foraging was a potential adaptation for efficiently hunting this prey species. These whales were also encountered at herring wintering grounds the same years, but with different group sizes. Such behavioral adaptations suggested intraannual switching between prey resources and foraging strategies.
The importance of pH reflux monitoring test for the management of low‐grade esophagitis in Chinese patients
Authors: Qiu Boyun , Zhang Xiaohao , Bai Tao , Xu Junying , Xiang Xuelian , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsLow‐grade esophagitis (grade A and B) are no longer believed as confirmatory evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, but there were no data about the association of low‐grade esophagitis with pathological acid reflux (PAR) in China. This study aimed to summarize the proportion of PAR in the patients with low‐grade esophagitis and to explore the differential factors between low‐grade esophagitis patients with and without PAR.MethodsDatabase of the patients accepted 24‐hour pH monitoring in the motility laboratory of a tertiary center was retrospectively searched, and the patients were diagnosed as low‐grade esophagitis before the procedure was recruited. The demographics, symptoms and high‐resolution manometry and pH monitoring parameters were compared between the patients with pathological and physiological acid reflux and between patients with grade A and B esophagitis.ResultsAbout 24% of grade A and 55% of grade B esophagitis patients had pathological acid reflux. The demographics, symptoms, and almost all high‐resolution manometry findings were similar in patients with pathological and physiological acid reflux. About two‐thirds of the participants with physiological acid reflux reported symptom improvement after PPI administration. All participants with PPI‐resistant symptoms were with physiological acid reflux.ConclusionThe proportion of PAR in low‐grade esophagitis is not high. For patients with low‐grade esophagitis in China, especially the patients with grade A esophagitis, regardless of symptom change, reflux monitoring is possibly needed for the patients whose esophageal mucosa break is not improved after 8 weeks of PPI treatment.
Genotype selection for physiological responses of drought tolerance using molecular markers in polycross hybrids of orchardgrass
Authors: Abtahi Mozhgan , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the effect of contrasting levels of molecular and phenotypic diversity among polycross parents of orchardgrass on the performance of synthetic progeny with respect to physiological responses and drought tolerance. Four polycross groups each composed of six parental plants were evaluated under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. A number of 923 inter simple sequence repeats and sequence related amplified polymorphism markers and several phenotypic traits were used to select contrasting levels of diversity (high and low) in parental genotypes. Highly significant correlation was observed between molecular distance and progeny performances at both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. High molecular diversity among polycross parents led to a significant yield advantage of first generation progeny with averages of 34.40% for normal irrigation and 48.10% for drought stress conditions. Also crosses between genetically distant parents produced progeny with considerable drought tolerance and yield stability. Positive associations between phenotypic distance of parents and progeny performance were found for most physiological traits at both moisture regimes but phenotypic distances had weak association with forage yield, stress tolerance index and yield stability of progeny. Significant associations between drought tolerance index and some physiological traits confirmed the importance of these traits in conferring drought tolerance of orchardgrass. Our results underscore the effectiveness of marker‐assisted polycross breeding to improve drought tolerance and yield stability through physiological traits in orchardgrass.
Inadequate blood pressure control demonstrated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Tangnararatchakit Kanchana , Kongkhanin Uthaiwan , Katanyuwong Poomiporn , Saisawat Pawaree , Chantarogh Songkiat , Pirojsakul Kwanchai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdequate BP control in RT recipients should not rely only by normal office BP but also on normal 24‐hour BP. This study aims to assess adequacy of BP control by ABPM and to assess ABPM parameters associated with LVMI in pediatric RT recipients.Materials and methodsPatients aged 5‐20 years who have been followed after RT were enrolled. Demographic data and BP assessed by office and ABPM were collected. Echocardiography was performed to detect LVMI.ResultsThirty RT recipients (18 males) with median age of 15 years (IQR 13‐18.5) were included. Among 23 patients who were taking antihypertensive drugs, uncontrolled hypertension was detected in 34.8% and 78.3% by office BP measurement and ABPM, respectively. Thus, the difference in prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension observed by ABPM versus office BP was 43.5%. Those seven patients who were not taking antihypertensive drugs because of normal office BP, four patients (57.1%) had masked hypertension and one patient had elevated BP. Fifteen patients have progression of LVH after RT. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR 1.369, 95%CI 0.985‐1.904, P‐value = 0.062) had a trend to be associated with progression of LVH. Moreover, nighttime systolic BP z‐score was significantly correlated with LVMI (r = 0.551, P‐value = 0.002).ConclusionThe difference in prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension uncovered by ABPM was 43.5%. Nighttime SBP z‐score was significantly correlated with LVMI.
Photodynamic therapy for solid tumors: A review of the literature
Authors: Yanovsky Rebecca L. , Bartenstein Diana W. , Rogers Gary S. , Isakoff Steven J. , Chen Steven T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a sensitizer agent and light to produce selective cell death. Dermatologists are familiar with PDT for the treatment of actinic keratoses and early nonmelanoma skin cancers, and recent studies have elucidated that PDT has resulted in improved morbidity and secondary outcomes for the treatment of various cancerous and precancerous solid tumors. Light source and dosimetry may be modified to selectively target tissue, and novel techniques such as fractionation, metronomic pulsation, continuous light delivery, and chemophototherapy are under investigation for further optimization of therapy. This article aims to review the expanding indications for PDT and demonstrate the potential of this modality to decrease morbidity and increase quality of life for patients. To illustrate these new indications, we provide a focused review of the latest literature on PDT for dermatologic and other solid tumors including gastrointestinal, peritoneal, lung, genitourinary, brain, breast, and head and neck. Data on efficacy, survival, and side effects vary across tumor types but support PDT for the treatment of numerous solid tumors. With new advances in PDT, indications for this therapeutic modality may expand.
Optimal Redistributive Income Taxation and Efficiency Wages*
Authors: Aronsson Thomas , Micheletto Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we integrate efficiency wage setting with the theory of optimal redistributive income taxation. In doing so, we use a model with two skill types, where efficiency wage setting characterizes the labor market faced by the low‐skilled, whereas the high‐skilled face a conventional, competitive labor market. We show that the marginal income tax implemented for the high‐skilled is negative under plausible assumptions. The marginal income tax facing the low‐skilled can be either positive or negative, in general. An increase in unemployment benefits contributes to a relaxation of the binding self‐selection constraint, which makes this instrument particularly useful from the perspective of redistribution.
Dynamics of the Market for Corporate Tax‐Avoidance Advice*
Authors: Konrad Kai A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the debate over aggressive tax‐planning models and analyzes the role of tax consultants. It focuses on the dynamic interaction between innovation and imitation of aggressive tax‐planning products and governmental tax regulation, and it highlights the importance of the length of regulatory lag in comparison with the time it takes the tax‐consulting industry to imitate newly innovated tax‐avoidance products. It reveals an alignment of interests between highly innovative tax‐consulting firms and the governmental tax legislator/regulator. The conclusions are also relevant for the policy debate on mandatory disclosure rules about aggressive tax‐planning models.
The oldest known mastotermitids (Blattodea: Termitoidae) and phylogeny of basal termites
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Eggleton Paul , Yin Xiangchu , Gao Taiping , Shih Chungkun , Ren Dong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFive finely preserved termites from the mid‐Cretaceous (Cenomanian) amber of Myanmar provide new information allowing a reanalysis of the phylogeny of basal termites. The Mastotermitidae family is recovered as monophyletic, and a redefined Hodotermitidae sensu lato is also monophyletic to include Archotermopsidae, Hodotermitidae and Stolotermitidae. Such a phylogenetic relationship agrees with the results from previous molecular phylogeny. Alongside these findings, there are many taxa that can only be shown to be termites with no other phylogenetically informative data. These form a comb of ‘grade groups’ emerging in the Late Jurassic. The new amber specimens are described as two new species. Anisotermes xiai gen. et sp.n. is described from multiple castes and has symplesiomorphic characteristics: large body size, a broad pronotum, well‐developed reticulated veins, and a large anal lobe of the hindwings. It shares wing features with the other new species, Mastotermes monostichus sp.n. Both new taxa are assigned to the Mastotermitidae, as they are shown to have synapomorphies that unite the family.This published work has been registered on ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1AD5CECA‐27B7‐48D5‐88DC‐CEC5150962D7.
Hybrid enrichment of poorly preserved museum specimens refines homology hypotheses in a group of minute litter bugs (Hemiptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Schizopteridae)
Authors: Knyshov Alexander , Hoey‐Chamberlain Rochelle , Weirauch Christiane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough they are a valuable source of specimens, insect natural history collections continue to be under‐utilized in molecular systematics, mostly due to difficulties in obtaining DNA sequences. Old specimens or specimens stored under suboptimal conditions are intractable for traditional Sanger sequencing. In this study we use an inexpensive hybrid capture with in‐house generated baits to retrieve commonly utilized ribosomal and mitochondrial loci from old museum specimens and combine them with a Sanger‐generated dataset comprising recently collected material. We focus on the Corixidea genus group (Schizopteridae), which comprises rarely collected, small (1–2 mm) and primarily tropical insects of which only c. 10–20% of the species have been described. A molecular phylogeny is needed to resolve relationships and revise the genus‐level classification to correctly place the c. 150 yet to be described species. Applying this approach, we constructed a dataset, containing 101 taxa, 11 of which were preserved in low‐percentage ethanol, 48 are dry and point‐mounted, and 40 are > 20 years old at DNA extraction. The obtained data proved sufficient for reconstructing a well‐supported phylogeny with c. 50% of the predicted diversity, and for the oldest successfully sequenced specimen (95 years) to be unambiguously placed in that phylogeny. We confirmed monophyly of the Corixidea genus group, showed paraphyly of the genus Corixidea, and recovered nine well‐supported clades within the group. Ancestral character states of selected morphological features were inferred and used to re‐examine primary homology hypotheses and inform an upcoming taxonomic revision.
Social and behavioral characteristics of male blood donors and their sexual partners: an analysis to define risk subsets
Authors: Salomon Tassila , Gomes Isabel , Ozahata Mina Cintho , Moreira Carlos Henrique Valente , Oliveira Claudia Di Lorenzo , Gonçalez Thelma T. , Duarte Maria Esther , Miranda Carolina , Carneiro Proietti Anna Bárbara , Sabino Ester , de Almeida Neto Cesar , Custer Brian ,   For the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II), International Component
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDMen who have sex with men in Brazil are deferred from donation for 1 year since their last sexual contact. Legal proceedings in front of the Brazilian Supreme Court could compel blood collection agencies to discontinue use of sexual orientation questions.METHODSData from male participants in a completed HIV risk factor case‐control study were used to evaluate whether it is possible to differentiate donors at lower and higher risk for HIV using two analytical approaches: latent class and random forest analyses.RESULTSMale blood donors were divided into three distinct risk profile classes. Class 1 includes donors who are heterosexual (96.4%), are HIV negative (88.7%), have a main partner (99.4%), and practice unprotected sex (77.8%). Class 2 includes donors who are men who have sex with men /bisexuals' (100.0%), are HIV positive (97.4%), and were not aware of their sexual partners' HIV status (80.3%). Class 3 includes donors who are heterosexual (84.1%), practice unprotected vaginal/anal heterosexual sex (66.8% vs. 40.9%), and were both HIV positive and HIV negative (49.5% vs. 50.5%). We also found that asking donors about their partner(s)’ HIV serostatus could replace asking about donors’ sexual orientation and types of partners with relatively minor shifts in sensitivity (0.76 vs. 0.58), specificity (0.89 vs. 0.94), and positive predictive value (0.85 vs. 0.88).CONCLUSIONSexual orientation questions on the donor questionnaire could be replaced without great loss in the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Social and sexual behaviors of donors and their partners are proxies for HIV risk and can help to develop modified questions that will need controlled trials to be validated.