bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving beauty—Creating and transforming inequalities
Authors: Rajanala Susruthi , Maymone Mayra B. C. , Vashi Neelam A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSociety has always been fascinated by beauty, an interest that has a psychological and evolutionary basis. Studies across various fields have shown that being beautiful can result in emotional well‐being and privilege in one's career and personal life. However, beauty is not equally distributed in our society, leading people to pursue aesthetic treatments and procedures to meet the beauty standard. Over time and with the influence of media, the societally accepted beauty standard has evolved. It is essential for clinicians to be aware of societal implications of beauty as they may serve as a motivation for patients seeking cosmetic procedures.
The use of rituximab as an adjuvant in the treatment of oral pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Fortuna Giulio , Calabria Elena , Ruoppo Elvira , Adamo Daniela , Aria Massimo , Amato Massimo , Mignogna Michele D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus vulgaris patients with exclusive oral involvement (OPV) treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapy may be non‐responders or experience severe side effects and/or relapses. In such cases, rituximab could be used as an adjuvant in recalcitrant OPV patients.MethodsA retrospective single‐center study on patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris treated with RTX at a dose of 375 mg/m2 was performed, evaluating the complete clinical and immunological remission, side effects of RTX, and possible correlation between anti‐desmoglein (Dsg) 3 antibodies and clinical remission.ResultsWe treated 10 OPV patients, of which 60% had a moderate and 40% mild disease severity before therapy with RTX. Complete clinical remission (CCR) was achieved in 100% of OPV patients, of which 20% developed side effects and 20% experienced a relapse in a mean time of 15.2 ± 10.2 weeks. The mean time for CCR was achieved in 19.8 ± 10.3 weeks, whereas the duration of the CCR consisted in 37.4 ± 33.5 weeks. OPV patients underwent a mean follow‐up of 57.2 ± 37.7 weeks. In all patients, the mean of pemphigus disease area index (PDAI) decreased from 20.3 ± 14.1 to 0.4 ± 0.0, whereas the mean Dsg3 value dropped from 157.1 ± 40.6 to 67.0 ± 26.6 after therapy with RTX. However, no correlation was found between PDAI and anti‐Dsg3 antibodies before and after therapy with RTX (P > .05).ConclusionsRTX represents a valid and safe alternative as an adjuvant in OPV patients with low rate of relapses and side effects.
Junction plakoglobin, a potential prognostic marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma, promotes proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Fang Juan , Xiao Li , Zhang Qianyu , Peng Yanshuang , Wang Zhi , Liu Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundJunction plakoglobin (JUP) is an important cell‐cell junction protein. Recently, its deregulation has been correlated with the initiation and progression of various malignancies. Our aim was to investigate the expression of JUP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with prognosis and to further study the effects of JUP on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of OSCC cells.MethodsWe detected JUP expression in 273 OSCC specimens using immunohistochemistry. We assessed the correlation of JUP expression with clinicopathologic parameters and patient survival by Cox regression. Then, expression levels of JUP in normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) and OSCC cell lines were detected by Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Next, we used HSC3 cells to study the effect of JUP on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by using cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively.ResultsCox regression showed that high expression of JUP was related to the poor prognosis of OSCC patients. Western blotting and qPCR assays showed that the expression level of JUP in OSCC cell lines was higher than that in NOKs. Overexpression of JUP promoted the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion of HSC3 cells and inhibited apoptosis, while the opposite was observed after JUP knockdown.ConclusionThis study initially revealed that JUP was overexpressed in OSCC, and that JUP promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, high expression of JUP could be used as a potential prognostic marker of OSCC.
Why are we together? A dyadic longitudinal investigation of relationship motivation, goal progress, and adjustment
Authors: Holding Anne C. , Barlow Meaghan , Koestner Richard , Wrosch Carsten 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis investigation used self‐determination theory to study goal striving in the context of romantic relationships. The study explored how dyadic partners’ relationship motivation impacted goal progress, personal well‐being, and relationship satisfaction. In addition, the mediating role of relationship goal progress was explored.MethodIn a prospective longitudinal study, 153 heterosexual couples rated their own relationship motivation and each reported a relationship goal and a self‐oriented goal. Goal progress was assessed approximately 1 year later. In addition, well‐being and relationship satisfaction were assessed at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsActor–partner interdependence models revealed that actor's autonomous relationship motivation was positively associated with relationship and self‐oriented goal progress. Actor's autonomous relationship motivation, as well as both actor and partner relationship goal progress, were associated with increases in actor's subjective well‐being (SWB) and relationship satisfaction. Relationship goal progress mediated the association between actor's autonomous relationship motivation and SWB, as well as relationship satisfaction.ConclusionsTogether, these findings contribute to research on relationship motivation and goal striving in dyadic partners, by suggesting that motivational regulations impact goal regulation in romantic relationships and associated well‐being outcomes.
Use it or lose it
Authors: Khalil Fahad , Kim Doyoung , Lawarree Jacques 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the optimality of budget policies imposed by a funding authority on a bureaucrat who operates under a fixed budget. In particular, we study a “use‐it‐or‐lose‐it” (UILI) policy under which the bureaucrat has to return any unspent budget without being able to “roll over” any part to the next period. Instead of returning the unspent budget, the bureaucrat can go on a spending spree and engage in policy drift, which is inversely related to his motivation. The bureaucrat's motivation represents how well matched he is with the bureaucracy's mission. We show that a UILI policy is complementary to motivation as it has stronger ex ante positive incentive effects on more motivated bureaucrats. Such ex ante positive effects can overcome the ex post inefficiency of the policy and make a UILI policy optimal when the bureaucrat is well matched with the bureaucracy's mission or when its budget is large.
Saving online copyright: Virtual markets need real intervention
Authors: Tanielian Adam R. , Kampan Pakinee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe internet is a treasure chest of infringing or “pirated” entertainment media, which viewers from around the world access, copy, and share with relative ease. Data and qualitative reviews suggest infringement is ubiquitous in the streaming and downloading domain. The current approach to copyright enforcement places undue burdens on copyright owners who cannot economically advance claims against millions of individual users. Poorly constructed copyright laws and misguided Court decisions have left rights‐holders with too few remedies against commercial entities involved in the storage, retrieval, transmission, access, and streaming of their works. A five‐year exploratory and observational study were conducted to discover facts about online pirate media, how services function, how companies make money, and how they skirt around laws prohibiting unauthorized commercial exploitation of copyright. Sites discovered had multimillion‐dollar valuations and annual revenues, mostly derived from third‐party advertisements. The study found numerous deficiencies in copyright legislation and judicial interpretation that enable massive online infringement to continue. Recommendations include statutory and regulatory amendments, judicial reversals, reconstruction of the law, and development of a binding, compulsory mechanism similar to Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers’ domain name trademark dispute resolution system.
The value of different CT‐based methods for diagnosing low muscle mass and predicting mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Paternostro Rafael , Lampichler Katharina , Bardach Constanze , Asenbaum Ulrika , Landler Clara , Bauer David , Mandorfer Mattias , Schwarzer Remy , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas , Ferlitsch Arnulf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsLow muscle mass impacts on morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. The skeletal‐muscle index (SMI) is a well‐validated tool to diagnose muscle wasting, but requires specialized radiologic software and expertise. Thus, we compared different Computed tomography (CT)‐based evaluation methods for muscle wasting and their prognostic value in cirrhosis.MethodsConsecutive cirrhotic patients included in a prospective registry undergoing abdominal CT scans were analysed. SMI, transversal psoas muscle thickness (TPMT), total psoas volume (TPV) and paraspinal muscle index (PSMI) were measured. Sarcopenia was defined using SMI as a reference method by applying sex‐specific cut‐offs (males: <52.4 cm2/m2; females: <38.5 cm2/m2).ResultsOne hundred and nine patients (71.6% male) of age 57 ± 11 years, MELD 16 (8‐26) and alcoholic liver disease (63.3%) as the main aetiology were included. According to established SMI cut‐offs, low muscle mass was present in 69 patients (63.3%) who also presented with higher MELD (17 vs 14 points; P = .025). The following optimal sex‐specific cut‐offs (men/women) for diagnosing low muscle mass were determined: TPMT: <10.7/ <7.8 mm/m, TPV: <194.9/ <99.2 cm3 and PSMI <26.3/ <20.8 cm2/m2. Thirty (27.5%) patients died during a follow‐up of 15 (0.3‐45.7) months. Univariate competing risks analyses showed a significant risk for mortality according to SMI (aSHR:2.52, 95% CI: 1.03‐6.21, P = .043), TPMT (aSHR: 3.87, 95% CI: 1.4‐8.09, P = .007) and PSMI (aSHR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.17‐6.23, P = .02), but not TPV (P = .18) derived low muscle mass cut‐offs. In multivariate analysis only TPMT (aSHR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.20‐6.67, P = .018) was associated with mortality, SMI (aSHR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.72‐5.16, P = .19) and PSMI (aSHR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.79‐4.75, P = .15) were not.ConclusionLow muscle mass was highly prevalent in our cohort of patients with cirrhosis. Gender‐specific TPMT, SMI and PSMI cut‐offs for low muscle mass can help identify patients with an increased risk for mortality. Importantly, only TPMT emerged as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with cirrhosis.
Parent and offspring genotypes influence gene expression in early life
Authors: Newhouse Daniel J. , Barcelo‐Serra Margarida , Tuttle Elaina M. , Gonser Rusty A. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParents can have profound effects on offspring fitness. Little, however, is known about the mechanisms through which parental genetic variation influences offspring physiology in natural systems. White‐throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis, WTSP) exist in two genetic morphs, tan and white, controlled by a large polymorphic supergene. Morphs mate disassortatively, resulting in two pair types: tan male × white female (T × W) pairs, which provide biparental care and white male × tan female (W × T) pairs, which provide female‐biased care. To investigate how parental composition impacts offspring, we performed RNA‐seq on whole blood of WTSP nestlings sampled from nests of both pair types. Parental pair type had a large effect on nestling gene expression, with 881 genes differentially expressed (DE) and seven correlated gene coexpression modules. The DE genes and modules expressed at higher levels in W × T nests with female‐biased parental care function in metabolism and stress‐related pathways resulting from the overrepresentation of proteolysis and stress‐response genes (e.g., SOD2, NR3C1). These results show that parental genotypes and/or associated behaviours influence nestling physiology, and highlight avenues of further research investigating the ultimate implications for the maintenance of this polymorphism. Nestlings also exhibited morph‐specific gene expression, with 92 differentially expressed genes, comprising immunity genes and genes encompassed by the supergene. Remarkably, we identified the same regulatory hub genes in these blood‐derived expression networks as were previously identified in adult WTSP brains (EPM2A, BPNT1, TAF5L). These hub genes were located within the supergene, highlighting the importance of this gene complex in structuring regulatory networks across diverse tissues.
The plant pathogen Pectobacterium atrosepticum contains a functional formate hydrogenlyase‐2 complex
Authors: Finney Alexander J. , Lowden Rebecca , Fleszar Michal , Albareda Marta , Coulthurst Sarah J. , Sargent Frank 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPectobacterium atrosepticum SCRI1043 is a phytopathogenic Gram‐negative enterobacterium. Genomic analysis has identified that genes required for both respiration and fermentation are expressed under anaerobic conditions. One set of anaerobically expressed genes is predicted to encode an important but poorly understood membrane‐bound enzyme termed formate hydrogenlyase‐2 (FHL‐2), which has fascinating evolutionary links to the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I). In this work, molecular genetic and biochemical approaches were taken to establish that FHL‐2 is fully functional in P. atrosepticum and is the major source of molecular hydrogen gas generated by this bacterium. The FHL‐2 complex was shown to comprise a rare example of an active [NiFe]‐hydrogenase‐4 (Hyd‐4) isoenzyme, itself linked to an unusual selenium‐free formate dehydrogenase in the final complex. In addition, further genetic dissection of the genes encoding the predicted membrane arm of FHL‐2 established surprisingly that the majority of genes encoding this domain are not required for physiological hydrogen production activity. Overall, this study presents P. atrosepticum as a new model bacterial system for understanding anaerobic formate and hydrogen metabolism in general, and FHL‐2 function and structure in particular.
Attraction of mosquitoes to primate odours and implications for zoonotic Plasmodium transmission
Authors: Bakker J. W. , Loy D. E. , Takken W. , Hahn B. H. , Verhulst N. O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVector‐borne diseases often originate from wildlife and can spill over into the human population. One of the most important determinants of vector‐borne disease transmission is the host preference of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes with a specialised host preference are guided by body odours to find their hosts in addition to carbon dioxide. Little is known about the role of mosquito host preference in the spillover of pathogenic agents from humans towards animals and vice versa. In the Republic of Congo, the attraction of mosquitoes to primate host odours was determined, as well as their possible role as malaria vectors, using odour‐baited traps mimicking the potential hosts of mosquitoes. Most of the mosquito species caught showed a generalistic host preference. Anopheles obscurus was the most abundant Anopheles mosquito, with a generalistic host preference observed from the olfactory response and the detection of various Plasmodium parasites. Interestingly, Culex decens showed a much higher attraction towards chimpanzee odours than to human or cow odours. Human Plasmodium parasites were observed in both human and chimpanzee blood, although not in the Anopheles mosquitoes that were collected. Understanding the role of mosquito host preference for cross‐species parasite transmission provides information that will help to determine the risk of spillover of vector‐borne diseases.
Clinical Significance of MRI and Pathological Features of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Boundary
Authors: Chen Liang , Shi Xiao‐lin , Zhou Zi‐ming , Qin Ling‐di , Liu Xiao‐hong , Jiang Lei , Zhang Qing‐jiao , Ding Xiao‐yi 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo find new clues to reduce postoperative recurrence after intralesional curettage by studying MRI and pathological features of giant tumor of bone (GCTB) boundaries.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in the departments of orthopaedic surgery and medical imaging at our hospitals from January 2006 to August 2016. A total of 16 GCTB patients confirmed by pathology were asked to participate in the present study. The age range was from 18 to 44 years (9 women and 7 men). All patients underwent MRI examination. All patients underwent en bloc resection and complete postoperative tumor segments were obtained. Five specimens were obtained randomly at the place of the segments where the GCTB boundary showed different types on MRI. Ordinary HE staining was used for all specimens and we measured the depth of local tumor cell infiltration (240 measurements). Results were expressed as means ± standard deviation. Statistical analyses were carried out with one‐way ANOVA and the Student–Newman–Keuls test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The kappa test was used to analyze the degree of agreement of observers.ResultsA total of 16 patients (median age 30.56 years; range, 18–44 years) with GCTB (the number of distal femurs and proximal tibias was 9 and 7, respectively) were tested. The boundaries of all GCTB cases were composed of clear boundary, relatively clear boundary, and blurred boundary in different proportions on MRI. Based on continuous observation of all MRI, all boundaries were incomplete. The kappa value between two radiologists and two pathologists was 0.91 and 0.88, respectively. The average depth of local tumor cell infiltration in the clear boundary, relatively clear boundary, and blurred boundary groups was 0.42 ± 0.11 mm, 2.85 ± 0.21 mm, and 4.83 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. There was statistical difference among the three groups (F = 17.62, P < 0.05). There was also statistical difference between each of the two groups (q‐value was 8.95, 14.28, and 5.21, respectively, P < 0.05). The depth of local tumor cell infiltration with blurred boundaries on MRI was the largest and the depth with clear boundaries was the smallest.ConclusionThe intralesional curettage boundaries need to be expanded on the basis of different types of boundaries provided by MRI.
Inappropriate shock and percutaneous cardiac intervention: A lesson to learn in the cath lab
Authors: Di Stolfo Giuseppe , Mastroianno Sandra , Massaro Raimondo , Vigna Carlo , Russo Aldo , Potenza Domenico Rosario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoronary disease is a common condition in patients affected by heart failure with severely reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This condition represents an indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in order to reduce the risk of sudden death related to arrhythmias. Nevertheless, inappropriate shocks are associated with worse quality of life, hospitalization, and death.We present the case of an inappropriate shock related to percutaneous coronary intervention during the insertion and advancement of the guidewire into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in a patient with an ICD.Physicians’ awareness about the clinical implication of noise arising during a coronary procedure is very important in patients with an ICD or pacemaker, to avoid inappropriate shock or pacing inhibition and to raise the possibility of lead implantation in or helix protrusion into the coronary lumen.
Cortical auditory evoked potentials in mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from a temporal‐spatial principal component analysis
Authors: Buján Ana , Lister Jennifer J. , O’Brien Jennifer L. , Edwards Jerri D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered an intermediate transitional stage for the development of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. The identification of neurophysiological biomarkers for MCI will allow improvement in detecting and tracking the progression of cognitive impairment. The primary objective of this study was to compare cortical auditory evoked potentials between older adults with and without probable MCI to identify potential neurophysiological indicators of cognitive impairment. We applied a temporal‐spatial principal component analysis to the evoked potentials achieved during the processing of pure tones and speech sounds, to facilitate the separation of the components of the P1‐N1‐P2 complex. The probable MCI group showed a significant amplitude increase in a factor modeling N1b for speech sounds (Cohen's d = .84) and a decrease in a factor around the P2 time interval, especially for pure tones (Cohen's d = 1.17). Moreover, both factors showed a fair discrimination value between groups (area under the curve [AUC] = .698 for N1b in speech condition; AUC = .746 for P2 in tone condition), with high sensitivity to detect MCI cases (86% and 91%, respectively). The results for N1b suggest that MCI participants may suffer from a deficit to inhibit irrelevant speech information, and the decrease of P2 amplitude could be a signal of cholinergic hypoactivation. Therefore, both components could be proposed as early biomarkers of cognitive impairment.
Infrastructure, management and energy efficiency in a hypothetical semi‐intensive shrimp model farm in Brazil: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cozer Nathieli , Pont Giorgi Dal , Horodesky Aline , Ostrensky Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study was to characterize the main operational processes adopted by a shrimp aquaculture pond system in Brazil and to account the flows of energy use. The characterization was carried out via application of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRIMA) methodology. The accounting of the energy flows was made through the quantification of the energy coming from economically required resources. Based on the data and characteristics identified in Brazilian shrimp farms, a hypothetical farm consisting of four nursery tanks, nine ponds, feed, fertilizer and general deposits, a refectory, restrooms and dressing rooms, garage, and main and secondary access roads. In this hypothetical shrimp farm, the water pumping was performed by a 20 hp pump, and aeration was performed via 4 hp paddle‐type aerators. A biphasic operating system and a semi‐intensive production regime were adopted, with a initial stocking density of 43 shrimp m−2and harvest occurring when the shrimp reached an average weight of 12 g. The cultivation cycle lasted 90 days and include the pond preparation and curing period. The final yield was estimated to be 3500 kg ha−1. The total energy cost was calculated as 835.597 MJ. The most energy inputs were feed, fuels and lubricants and electricity. Shrimp production in ponds is a very intensive activity relative to the energy demand and that increasing energy efficiency is one of the essential conditions for the truly sustainable production of long‐term Brazilian shrimp farming not only for environmental but also mainly for economic reasons.