bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis del Mercado de Valores Ecuatoriano como fuente de inversión para las PyMES / Analysis of Ecuadorian market values as a source of investments for small and medium-sized businesses
Authors: Perez Manzo Orlando , Rivera Hernandez Andrea , Solis Granda Luis 
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo es producto de un estudio acerca de la forma en la que invierten sus utilidades las PyME (Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas) del Cantón Milagro, Ecuador. El propósito de la investigación es dar a conocer la Bolsa de Valores como fuente de inversión considerando que la mayoría lo hacen en instituciones financieras, existe un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre ventajas y beneficios que brinda el Mercado de Valores Ecuatoriano al considerarlo como una fuente para invertir dinero. Para lo cual se estableció un sólo objetivo general, el mismo que consiste en demostrar la rentabilidad y efectividad de realizar transacciones dentro de este Mercado. Después de estudiar el problema, las leyes y reglamentos que rigen el tema, por medio de encuestas aplicadas a gerentes – propietarios de las PyME establecidas en Milagro, se cercioró sobre el desconocimiento de información acerca de cómo opera el Mercado de Valores. Los resultados obtenidos fueron tabulados y reflejados a través de gráficos estadísticos, dejando como resultado que algunos propietarios poseen desinterés de conocer sobre banca e inversiones porque creen que si invierten en la Bolsa de Valores corren riesgo de perder parte o totalidad de sus ganancias.Palabras Clave: Compra de acciones, Mercado de Valores Ecuatoriano, Bolsa de Valores. This article is the result of a study about how the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) invest their profits in the city of Milagro, Ecuador. The purpose of the research is to inform the Stock Exchange as a source of investment considering that most of the SMEs do their investment in financial institutions, there is a high degree of ignorance about the advantages and benefits offered by the Ecuadorian Securities Market because it ́s considered as a source for investing money. For the research one general objective was set, which is to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of transactions in this Market. After studying the problem, the laws and regulations about the subject, through surveys applied to managers - owners of established SMEs, it was found about the lack of information on how the stock market operates, the results were tabulated and reflected through statistical graphics, leaving an analysis as some owners don ́t want to know about banking and investments because they believe that if they invest in the stock market they could lose some or all of their profits.
O significado jurídico normativo de “Acolhimento Institucional” no âmbito das políticas do Estado Administrador
Authors: Feio Bárbara Gilmara da Silva , Vieira Luciana Vilhena , Santos Jorge Luiz Oliveira dos 
Published: June 2018

A breve discussão (teórica e empírica) aqui proposta tem o objetivo de analisar o significado jurídico-normativo de Acolhimento Institucional em caso de abandono e outras perdas, voltado à infância e juventude, no âmbito das políticas do Estado Administrador e sau execução no Município de Belém/PA, onde se impõe o problema da discussão em tela: qual o significado jurídico normativo de Acolhimento Institucional e em que medida as Políticas Públicas do Estado Administrador, voltadas para sua rede de atendimento, efetivam os direitos fundamentais dos sujeitos institucionalizados?
Editorial
Authors: Tobar Cassi Leopoldo 
Published: June 2018

El presente número de la Revista de Historia y Geografí­a busca dar cuenta de una variedad de temáticas, desde la historia medieval pasando por historia institucional, económica y social de Chile. Se incluye, también, un texto de metodologí­a de la enseñanza de la geografí­a y uno vinculado con problemáticas ambientales, además de tres contribuciones en la sección Tribuna y una reseña.
Muerte y larga duración histórica: Hacia el sentido de la muerte en el siglo XXI. Una propuesta desde la teorí­a de la historia
Authors: Ovalle Pastén Daniel 
Published: June 2018

El estudio sistemático de la historicidad de la muerte por parte de los historiadores data de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En especial desde los años setenta e impulsados particularmente desde la antropologí­a y la historiografí­a francesa, destacan los estudios de las actitudes ante la muerte en clásicos como Philippe Arií¨s y Michel Vovelle. Esta fue una suerte de fuerza intelectual que llegó a la historiografí­a latinoamericana donde vimos surgir, en los años noventa, una serie de estudios que hoy son referencia obligada. Baste nombrar para el caso de México a Gisela von Wobeser y para Chile el de Marí­a Eugenia Horvitz, Isabel Cruz y Marco Antonio León.
Nacionalismo, globalización y cultura escolar: láminas murales para la enseñanza de la historia (1860-1939)
Authors: Del Pozo Andrés María del Mar 
Published: June 2018

En este artí­culo se exploran nuevas fuentes para la historia de la educación. Dentro del amplio ámbito de objetos que formaban parte del â€œajuarâ€ del aula, unos de los menos conocidos y nada estudiados en la historiografí­a educativa española son las colecciones de láminas para la enseñanza de la historia de España. Este trabajo pretende ser una primera aproximación al estudio de estas láminas didácticas de Historia utilizadas en las escuelas españolas y a su posible instrumentalización para la creación de identidades nacionales. Se plantea, en primer lugar, la genea logí­a de este material escolar y las recomendaciones que sobre su empleo se realizaron desde la cultura pedagógica; en segundo término, se realiza una aproximación a las colecciones iconográficas elaboradas para el aprendizaje de la asignatura de historia de España y localizadas hasta este momento, analizando qué idea de nación pretendí­an transmitir sus imágenes; y, finalmente, se formulan algunas hipótesis sobre la globalización que adquirió este material, al abrirse hacia las colecciones alemanas de historia de la civilización y el posible impacto que éstas pudieron tener en las aulas españolas.
In silico prediction of mtDNA Gene Expression Based on Codon Usage Bias in Ants (Formicidae Latreille, 1802) that Inhabit Limestone Quarry Ecosystems
Authors: Dorić Semir , Osmanković Dinko , Lukić Bilela Lada 
Published: June 2018

Codon usage is considered as a modulator of gene expression, due to high correlation between codon usage, tRNA abundance and the level of gene expression. Adaptability is primarily manifested at gene level therefore mtDNA gene expression analysis may indicate trends toward the development of adaptive traits for specific environmental conditions. Moreover, modified gene expression patterns may result from such adaptations. Due to their sensitivity to environmental disturbances, great functional importance and accessibility ants (Family: Formicidae Latreille, 1802) are excellent model organisms for molecular and bioinformatics genome analysis. This in silico simulation is based on the comparison of codon usage bias and the level of gene expression of currently available mitochondrial protein-coding genes of ant species that were sampled at quarry Ribnica (Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina). MILC and MELP algorithms were used forcodon usage bias analysis and mitochondrial gene expression prediction, respectively. The analysis included four mtDNA protein-coding genes from eight selected species of ants totaling in 32 protein sequences. The results of codon usage analysis indicated no statistically significant differences in codon usage bias, as well as relative frequencies of the gene expression level. The next step should be directed to molecular ecology studies, even using whole genome measures of gene expression (RNA-seq; transcriptomics) to capture molecular response to environmental challenges.
Hatay’da Farklı Bölgelerde Yetiştirilen Zeytin Yapraklarının Antioksidan Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Danahaliloğlu Hatice , Tekeli Yener , Göycıncık Sezer , Yıldırım Figen 
Published: June 2018

Bu çalışmada, Hatay’da farklı bölgelerde yetiştirilen
Halhalı türü zeytin (Olea europaea)ağaçlarının
yapraklarının metanol ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir.
Toplam fenolik madde miktarları Folin-Ciocaltaeu yöntemi ile tayin edilmiştir.
Antioksidan özelliklerini belirlemek için kullanılan diğer yöntemler DPPH radikal süpürme yöntemi, FRAP indirgeme gücü metodu ve β-karoten-linoleik asit emülsiyon
yöntemidir. Sonuçlar standart antioksidanlar ile (BHA, BHT) kıyaslanmıştır.
İncelenen tüm bölgelerin zeytin yapraklarının antioksidan aktiviteye sahip
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Giresun’un Balıkçılık Faaliyetlerinin Ekonomik Analizi
Authors: MUTLU Cengiz , UNCUMUSAOĞLU Cengaver Murad , VEREP Bülent 
Published: June 2018

Bu araştırmada Giresun İli balıkçılık faaliyetinin ekonomik analizi ortaya
koymak amacıyla; Giresun İli Merkez ve
sahil şeridinde bulunan 8 ilçede faaliyette bulunan 630 adet balıkçı
teknesinden, tekne boyları itibariyle sıralanmış ve yoğunlukları dikkate
alınarak; 8 m’den küçük, 8-11,9 m, 12-29,9 ve 30 m’den büyük tekneler olarak ve
balıkçılık çeşidine göre de; kıyı balıkçılığı ve gırgır balıkçılığı olarak
gruplara ayrılmıştır. Tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile 167 adet balıkçı
teknesiyle anket yapılmıştır. Kıyı balıkçılığı ile gırgır balıkçılığı ekonomik
açıdan kıyaslandığında kıyı balıkçılığı yapanların ekonomik sıkıntılarının
olmasına karşın gırgır balıkçılığı yapanların ekonomik sıkıntılarının olmadığı
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Is integrated private-clinic based early child development care effective? A clustered randomised trial in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Amir , Owais Syeda Somyyah , Maqbool Shazia , Ishaq Sehrish , Khan Haroon Jehangir , Minhas Fareed A , Hicks Joseph , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Walley John D 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIn Pakistan, high prevalence of delays in early child development (ECD) is associated with poverty and lack of mothers’ caregiving skills. GP clinics, the main sources of care in poor urban localities, lack quality ECD care delivery. A contextualised intervention was developed and tested to enable GPs to deliver clinic-based, tool-assisted ECD counselling of mothers on a quarterly basis.AimTo assess the effectiveness of delivering a contextualised ECD mother-counselling intervention.Design & settingClustered randomised controlled trial, in poor urban localities of Pakistan. Locality clusters were allocated to intervention and control arm using simple randomisation.MethodA total of 2327 mother–child pairs were recruited at 32 GP clinics, one from each cluster-locality; 16 GP clinics per arm. The clinic-based counselling intervention covering child stimulation, nutrition, and maternal mental health was delivered mainly by clinic assistants to mothers at ≤6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 9 months of child age. At 12 months of child age, each mother–child pair was assessed for the primary outcome, that is, delays in the five development domains (determined by Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 [ASQ-3] score); and secondary outcomes, namely the prevalence of stunting and maternal depression (determined by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] score). The outcome assessors were blinded to the cluster–arm allocation. Outcome analyses were calculated on cluster-level.ResultsAt 12 months, the number of children with delay in two or more development domains was significantly lower in the intervention arm (-0.17 [95% confidence interval {CI} = -0.26 to -0.09]; P<0.001) compared to the control arm. The difference in the prevalence of child stunting and maternal depression were also significant at -0.21% (95% CI = -0.30 to -0.13; P<0.001) and -0.23% (95% CI = -0.29 to -0.18; P = 0.000) respectively.ConclusionContextualised ECD care, when delivered at GP clinics in poor urban localities, can effectively reduce the developmental delays during the first 12 months of the child's life.
Infall Signatures in a Prestellar Core Embedded in the High-mass 70 μm Dark IRDC G331.372-00.116
Authors: Contreras Yanett , Sanhueza Patricio , Jackson James M. , Guzmán Andrés E. , Longmore Steven , Garay Guido , Zhang Qizhou , Nguyễn-Lu’o’ng Quang , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Nakamura Fumitaka , Sakai Takeshi , Ohashi Satoshi , Liu Tie , Saito Masao , Gomez Laura , Rathborne Jill , Whitaker Scott 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Using Galactic Plane surveys, we have selected a massive (1200 M
⊙), cold (14 K) 3.6–70 μm dark IRDC, G331.372-00.116. This infrared dark cloud (IRDC) has the potential to form high-mass stars, and given the absence of current star formation signatures, it seems to represent the earliest stages of high-mass star formation. We have mapped the whole IRDC with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 1.1 and 1.3 mm in dust continuum and line emission. The dust continuum reveals 22 cores distributed across the IRDC. In this work, we analyze the physical properties of the most massive core, ALMA1, which has no molecular outflows detected in the CO (2–1), SiO (5–4), and H2CO (3–2) lines. This core is relatively massive (M = 17.6 M
⊙), subvirialized (virial parameter α
vir = M
vir/M = 0.14), and is barely affected by turbulence (transonic Mach number of 1.2). Using the HCO+ (3–2) line, we find the first detection of infall signatures in a relatively massive, prestellar core (ALMA1) with the potential to form a high-mass star. We estimate an infall speed of 1.54 km s−1 and a high accretion rate of 1.96 × 10−3
M
⊙ yr−1. ALMA1 is rapidly collapsing, out of virial equilibrium, which is more consistent with competitive accretion scenarios rather than the turbulent core accretion model. On the other hand, ALMA1 has a mass ∼6 times larger than the clumps Jeans mass, as it is in an intermediate mass regime (M

J
= 2.7 < M ≲ 30 M
⊙), contrary to what both the competitive accretion and turbulent core accretion theories predict.
Star Formation Histories of z ∼ 1 Galaxies in LEGA-C
Authors: Chauke Priscilla , Wel Arjen van der , Pacifici Camilla , Bezanson Rachel , Wu Po-Feng , Gallazzi Anna , Noeske Kai , Straatman Caroline , Muños-Mateos Juan-Carlos , Franx Marijn , Barišić Ivana , Bell Eric F. , Brammer Gabriel B. , Calhau Joao , Houdt Josha van , Labbé Ivo , Maseda Michael V. , Muzzin Adam , Rix Hans-Walter , Sobral David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Using high-resolution spectra from the VLT Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) program, we reconstruct the star formation histories (SFHs) of 607 galaxies at redshifts z = 0.6–1.0 and stellar masses ≳1010
M
⊙ using a custom full spectrum fitting algorithm that incorporates the emcee and FSPS packages. We show that the mass-weighted age of a galaxy correlates strongly with stellar velocity dispersion (σ
*) and ongoing star formation (SF) activity, with the stellar content in higher-σ
* galaxies having formed earlier and faster. The SFHs of quiescent galaxies are generally consistent with passive evolution since their main SF epoch, but a minority show clear evidence of a rejuvenation event in their recent past. The mean age of stars in galaxies that are star-forming is generally significantly younger, with SF peaking after z < 1.5 for almost all star-forming galaxies in the sample: many of these still have either constant or rising SFRs on timescales >100 Myr. This indicates that z > 2 progenitors of z ∼ 1 star-forming galaxies are generally far less massive. Finally, despite considerable variance in the individual SFHs, we show that the current SF activity of massive galaxies (>L
*) at z ∼ 1 correlates with SF levels at least 3 Gyr prior: SFHs retain “memory” on a large fraction of the Hubble time. Our results illustrate a novel approach to resolve the formation phase of galaxies, and, by identifying their individual evolutionary paths, one can connect progenitors and descendants across cosmic time. This is uniquely enabled by the high-quality continuum spectroscopy provided by the LEGA-C survey.
Long-term Simulation of MHD Jet Launching in an Orbiting Star–Disk System
Authors: Sheikhnezami Somayeh , Fendt Christian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present fully three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic jet-launching simulations of a jet source orbiting in a binary system. We consider a time-dependent binary gravitational potential, and thus all tidal forces are experienced in the non-inertial frame of the jet-launching primary. We investigate systems with different binary separations, different mass ratios, and different inclinations between the disk plane and the orbital plane. The simulations run over a substantial fraction of the binary orbital period. All simulations show similar local and global non-axisymmetric effects, such as local instabilities in the disk and jet or in global features, such as disk spiral arms and warps, or a global realignment of the inflow–outflow structure. The disk accretion rate is higher than in axisymmetric simulations, most probably due to the enhanced angular momentum transport by spiral waves. The disk outflow leaves the Roche lobe of the primary and becomes disturbed by tidal effects. While a disk-orbit inclination of 10° still allows for a persistent outflow, an inclination of 30° does not, suggesting a critical angle in between. For moderate inclination, we find an indication for jet precession, such that the jet axis starts to follow a circular pattern with an opening cone of ≃8°. Simulations with different mass ratios indicate a change of timescales over which the tidal forces affect the disk–jet system. A large mass ratio (a massive secondary) leads to stronger spiral arms, higher (average) accretion, and a more pronounced jet–counter-jet asymmetry.
The Gravitational Wave Signal from Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Morozova Viktoriya , Radice David , Burrows Adam , Vartanyan David 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We study gravitational waves (GWs) from a set of 2D multigroup neutrino radiation hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Our goal is to systematize the current knowledge about the post-bounce CCSN GW signal and recognize the templatable features that could be used by the ground-based laser interferometers. We demonstrate that, starting from ∼400 ms after core bounce, the dominant GW signal represents the fundamental quadrupole (l = 2) oscillation mode (f-mode) of the proto–neutron star (PNS), which can be accurately reproduced by a linear perturbation analysis of the angle-averaged PNS profile. Before that, in the time interval between ∼200 and ∼400 ms after bounce, the dominant mode has two radial nodes and represents a g-mode. We associate the high-frequency noise in the GW spectrograms above the main signal with p-modes, while below the dominant frequency there is a region with very little power. The collection of models presented here summarizes the dependence of the CCSN GW signal on the progenitor mass, equation of state, many-body corrections to the neutrino opacity, and rotation. Weak dependence of the dominant GW frequency on the progenitor mass motivates us to provide a simple fit for it as a function of time, which can be used as a prior when looking for CCSN candidates in the LIGO data.
How Galaxies Form Stars: The Connection between Local and Global Star Formation in Galaxy Simulations
Authors: Semenov Vadim A. , Kravtsov Andrey V. , Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Using a suite of isolated L
⋆ galaxy simulations, we show that global depletion times and star-forming gas mass fractions in simulated galaxies exhibit systematic and well-defined trends as a function of the local star formation efficiency per freefall time,

, strength of stellar feedback, and star formation threshold. We demonstrate that these trends can be reproduced and explained by a simple physical model of global star formation in galaxies. Our model is based on mass conservation and the idea of gas cycling between star-forming and non-star-forming states on certain characteristic timescales under the influence of dynamical and feedback processes. Both the simulation results and our model predictions exhibit two limiting regimes with rather different dependencies of global galactic properties on the local parameters. When

is small and feedback is inefficient, the total star-forming mass fraction,

, is independent of

and the global depletion time,

, scales inversely with

. When

is large or feedback is very efficient, these trends are reversed:

∝

and

is independent of

but scales linearly with the feedback strength. We also compare our results with the observed depletion times and mass fractions of star-forming and molecular gas and show that they provide complementary constraints on

and the feedback strength. We show that useful constraints on

can also be obtained using measurements of the depletion time and its scatter on different spatial scales.
Keck/Palomar Cosmic Web Imagers Reveal an Enormous Lyα Nebula in an Extremely Overdense Quasi-stellar Object Pair Field at z = 2.45
Authors: Cai Zheng , Hamden Erika , Matuszewski Matt , Prochaska J. Xavier , Li Qiong , Cantalupo Sebastiano , Battaia Fabrizio Arrigoni , Martin Christopher , Neill James D. , O’Sullivan Donal , Wang Ran , Moore Anna , Morrissey Patrick 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Enormous Lyα nebulae (ELANe) represent the extrema of Lyα nebulosities. They have detected extents of >200 kpc in Lyα and Lyα luminosities >1044 erg s−1. The ELAN population is an ideal laboratory to study the interactions between galaxies and the intergalactic/circumgalactic medium (IGM/CGM) given their brightness and sizes. The current sample size of ELANe is still very small, and the few z ≈ 2 ELANe discovered to date are all associated with local overdensities of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Inspired by these results, we have initiated a survey of ELANe associated with quasi-stellar object (QSO) pairs using the Palomar and Keck Cosmic Web Imagers (PCWI/KCWI). In this Letter, we present our first result: the discovery of ELAN0101+0201 associated with a QSO pair at z = 2.45. Our PCWI discovery data shows that, above a 2σ surface brightness of 1.2 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2, the end-to-end size of ELAN0101+0201 is ≳232 kpc. We have conducted follow-up observations using KCWI, resolving multiple Lyα emitting sources within the rectangular field of view of ≈130 × 165 projected kpc2, and obtaining their emission line profiles at high signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns). Combining both KCWI and PCWI, our observations confirm that ELAN0101+0201 resides in an extremely overdense environment. Our observations further support that a large amount of cool (T ∼ 104 K) gas could exist in massive halos (M ≳1013
M
⊙) at z ≈ 2. Future observations on a larger sample of similar systems will provide statistics of how cool gas is distributed in massive overdensities at high redshift and strongly constrain the evolution of the intracluster medium.
Le Maup et l’insoluble question de frontière optimale
Authors: Gbenyo Koffi , Dubé Jean 
Published: June 2018

L’article propose une façon simple de tester la présence du problème d’unité d’aire modifiable sur un ensemble d’indicateurs spatiaux locaux calculés à partir de micro-données d’emplois par établissement dans la province du Québec en 2011. À partir de la localisation des ports du Québec, l’application construit les indicateurs sélectionnés en effectuant un ensemble de délimitations spatiales avec des cercles de rayons variant de 250 à 10 000 mètres. La stabilité de ces indicateurs est ensuite testée afin d’identifier un point de rupture permettant de déterminer une distance « optimale ». Les résultats confirment la difficulté d’établir une limite géographique unique permettant d’obtenir des résultats stables, confirmant une fois de plus la difficulté de résoudre en totalité le problème d’unité d’aire modifiable. S’il est possible d’identifier des points de rupture servant à décrire des logiques territoriales spécifiques aux régions portuaires, l’article montre comment les micro-données spatiales peuvent être mobilisées pour définir des territoires d’études.