bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Air–Sea Surface Turbulent Heat Fluxes from Reanalyses Using Concurrent Shipboard Measurements
Authors: Foody Rebecca , Dong Shenfu , Goes Marlos , Campos Ricardo , Pena Pedro , Barton Zachary 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Air–sea surface turbulent heat fluxes are crucial to forming accurate weather and climate predictions. However, there is considerable disagreement among current reanalysis products. The study assesses biases in these products using concurrent shipboard measurements of air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and upper-ocean temperature taken along two transbasin expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transects in the North Atlantic between 2020 and 2022. Following a quality control procedure, the data from shipboard measurements and hourly ERA5 and 6-hourly NCEP-2 reanalysis data were collocated to the locations and time of the XBT profile data. Our analyses show that mean biases among the three products are not statistically significant for all variables, but the biases for individual cases can be large. XBT could reliably estimate SST in the mixed layer, with a good comparison with the reanalysis products. Additionally, the correlation between the shipboard measurements and reanalyses is high (r > 0.9) for all variables except relative humidity (RH). Specifically, RH shows a correlation slightly lower between shipboard and ERA5 data (r = 0.84) and much lower between NCEP-2 and the other products (r = 0.42 for shipboard and r = 0.46 for ERA5 data). The collocated data were then used to compute the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes in four scenarios using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment flux algorithm version 3.6: in situ data with satellite winds, in situ data with ERA5 winds, ERA5 data, and NCEP-2 data. Overall, ERA5-based fluxes agree better with the shipboard estimates of both latent and sensible heat fluxes than NCEP-2-based fluxes, pointing to the importance of higher-resolution reanalysis to improve air–sea flux estimates.
Inner-Core Humidification and Prelandfall Rapid Intensification of Typhoon Mekkhala (2020) in Strong Vertical Wind Shear
Authors: Dong Yue , Li Qingqing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A numerical simulation was conducted in this study to investigate the physical processes governing the unusual rapid intensification (RI) of Typhoon Mekkhala (2020) under strong vertical wind shear. The vortex tilt exhibited a gradual decrease from approximately 70 to below 10 km over a period of 6 h prior to and following the onset of the RI. Nevertheless, due to substantial midlevel ventilation, the storm intensity exhibited only slight variations in the early phase of the vortex alignment, 6 h prior to the RI onset. The RI occurred subsequent to the precipitation within the inner core becoming increasingly axisymmetric as the stratiform clouds developed cyclonically. The precipitation axisymmetrization was found to be closely associated with inner-core humidification in the left-of-shear and upshear quadrants, occurring 3 h before the RI onset. As previously documented, horizontal vapor advection greatly influenced the moistening process. A new finding of this study was that the “showerhead effect,” namely, moistening due to sublimation from stratiform clouds and evaporation from stratiform rain, could be predominantly conducive to the humidification of the inner core compared with horizontal vapor advection. Another noteworthy finding in the tangential wind budget was that the eddy radial vorticity flux contributed negatively and positively during the pre-RI and RI of Mekkhala, respectively, in conjunction with the dominant positive contribution resulting from the mean radial vorticity flux.

Significance Statement
Rapid intensification has been a long-standing part of the challenge of tropical cyclone forecasting. This study aims to understand the dynamics of the rapid intensification of a typhoon in the presence of strong vertical wind shear, which is generally known to be unfavorable for rapid intensification. The results suggest that evaporation of stratiform precipitation could contribute more substantially to the humidification in the inner core than horizontal advection of moisture. In this circumstance, inner-core precipitation axisymmetrization and rapid intensification occurred. These results will hopefully shed more light on how the tropical cyclone community perceives the effects of humidification near the tropical cyclone core on tropical cyclone rapid intensification.
Health promotion intervention in at-risk South African primary schools
Authors: Shaik Mahomed Ruzaika , Etokabeka Elsa 
Published: October 2024

Background: Interventions to promote health have been implemented in some urban settings. However, school-based health promotion interventions in at-risk urban schools have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: This article investigates teachers’ perceptions regarding health promotion interventions with the main goal of establishing social change in at-risk school communities. Design: The study used phenomenology as a theoretical lens supported by the use of a qualitative research approach. As a theoretical framework, the researchers utilised Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. Setting: The investigation used a descriptive case study design to select 17 teachers from 2 at-risk urban primary schools in Pretoria. Methods: Visual data including participatory reflection action posters and photographs, and field notes were part of the data collection techniques. Findings: Teachers’ responses informed how school-based health promotion interventions can be developed in the foundation phase of education. Themes relevant to this included recognition of the importance of education in bringing about social change; involving the whole community in developing health promotion projects; working closely with parents; promoting physical activity; and advocating for nutritional literacy. Goals can best be achieved through a focus on nutritional needs, physical health and social needs of at-risk communities. Conclusion: Findings from this study can be used to inform at-risk communities about food consumption, optimum physical activities and positive socio-emotional actions. Beyond this, young professionals entering the field of education should be encouraged to develop awareness of how school-based health promotion programmes can benefit the health and well-being of children.
Entrepreneurs’ thriving after venture distress: The role of self-compassion, learning, and venture failure
Authors: Coppens Karlien , Knockaert Mirjam 
Published: October 2024

Well-being is important to entrepreneurs, yet entrepreneurship does not necessarily foster well-being. Stressful work conditions such as venture distress might put entrepreneurs’ well-being under pressure. Drawing upon self-determination theory, we investigate the conditions that enhance entrepreneurs’ thriving after experiencing venture distress. We test this model on a survey-based sample of 177 entrepreneurs in Belgium who either persisted with their distressed venture or started a new one after their distressed venture had failed. Our findings reveal that personal attributes of self-compassion and learning from venture distress can buffer the potential negative effects of venture distress experiences on entrepreneurs’ subsequent thriving. In addition, this protective capacity is not mitigated by the failure of the distressed venture. We further discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. JEL CLASSIFICATION: L26, M13, I31
Navigating identity shifts and well-being in the entrepreneurial exit process: A comparative study of entrepreneurs nearing retirement
Authors: Pauley Matthew K 
Published: October 2024

Entrepreneurs in their 50s and beyond face significant identity shifts and well-being challenges as they transition out of the businesses they have built. Grounded in Super’s career-development framework and utilizing the Eisenhardt Method for case study analysis, this research explores the entrepreneurial exit process during the maturity and decline stages. With an average business tenure of 11 years, these entrepreneurs encounter emotional and practical hurdles, such as health concerns, financial pressures, and shifting priorities. The study highlights valuing identity diversification and social support in easing the transition, revealing that financial success alone does not guarantee positive post-exit well-being. Gender differences show women prioritize sustainability and family, while men focus on growth and professional identity. These insights underscore the need for early exit planning and holistic support for successful entrepreneurial succession and retirement strategies. JEL CLASSIFICATION: L26: Entrepreneurship; D91: Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving; M14: Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility; J14: Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination; I31: General Welfare, Well-being
A stepwise guide for pangenome development in crop plants: an alfalfa (Medicago sativa) case study
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Shannon Laura M. , Samac Deborah A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The concept of pangenomics and the importance of structural variants is gaining recognition within the plant genomics community. Due to advancements in sequencing and computational technology, it has become feasible to sequence the entire genome of numerous individuals of a single species at a reasonable cost. Pangenomes have been constructed for many major diploid crops, including rice, maize, soybean, sorghum, pearl millet, peas, sunflower, grapes, and mustards. However, pangenomes for polyploid species are relatively scarce and are available in only few crops including wheat, cotton, rapeseed, and potatoes.

Main body
In this review, we explore the various methods used in crop pangenome development, discussing the challenges and implications of these techniques based on insights from published pangenome studies. We offer a systematic guide and discuss the tools available for constructing a pangenome and conducting downstream analyses. Alfalfa, a highly heterozygous, cross pollinated and autotetraploid forage crop species, is used as an example to discuss the concerns and challenges offered by polyploid crop species. We conducted a comparative analysis using linear and graph-based methods by constructing an alfalfa graph pangenome using three publicly available genome assemblies. To illustrate the intricacies captured by pangenome graphs for a complex crop genome, we used five different gene sequences and aligned them against the three graph-based pangenomes. The comparison of the three graph pangenome methods reveals notable variations in the genomic variation captured by each pipeline.

Conclusion
Pangenome resources are proving invaluable by offering insights into core and dispensable genes, novel gene discovery, and genome-wide patterns of variation. Developing user-friendly online portals for linear pangenome visualization has made these resources accessible to the broader scientific and breeding community. However, challenges remain with graph-based pangenomes including compatibility with other tools, extraction of sequence for regions of interest, and visualization of genetic variation captured in pangenome graphs. These issues necessitate further refinement of tools and pipelines to effectively address the complexities of polyploid, highly heterozygous, and cross-pollinated species.
Comparison of two different suction curettage methods in cesarean scar pregnancy treatment
Authors: Elmas Burak , Ozturk Neslihan , Kizil Emine , Laleli Koc Bergen , Zorlu Ugurcan , Tugrul Ersak Duygu , Dikici Aktas Turkan , Erten Asuman , Erkaya Salim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), the incidence of which is increasing, can lead to life-threatening consequences. In this study, it was aimed to compare the results of two different ultrasound-assisted suction curettage (SC) approaches that we applied to endogenous type CSPs in different time periods.

Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with CSP and treated with SC in the early pregnancy service between January 2012 and March 2019 were included in the study. While classical SC was applied until December 2016, patients were treated with SC modified by us after this date. Demographic characteristics, preoperative clinical findings, intraoperative characteristics and postoperative short-term follow-up of these two groups of patients belonging to different time periods were compared.

Results
34 patients were treated with classic SC (Group 1) and 32 patients with modified SC (Group 2). The amount of decrease in Hemoglobin values measured at the sixth hour postoperatively compared to the preoperative period was found to be less in group 2 (1.01 ± 0.67 g/dl) than in group 1 (1.39 ± 0.85 g/dl) (p = 0.042). The treatment failure rate was found to be lower in group 2 (p = 0.028). According to the results of multiple logistic regression analysis of significant factors associated with treatment outcome, myometrial thickness measurement and the largest gestational diameter measurement were found to be significant independent factors.

Conclusion
In CSP cases, SC procedure with abdominal ultrasonography is an effective and reliable approach. At the beginning of this surgical procedure, if the gestational sac is removed from the uterine wall with the curettage cannula before suction, the success of the procedure will increase even more.
Discrimination based on gender identity and decision-making regarding HIV/STI-protected sex, a cross-sectional study among trans and non-binary people in Germany
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Mario , Pöge Kathleen , Hahne Alexander , Hamm Jonas , Bremer Viviane , Koppe Uwe ,   The TASG-study group, Appenroth Max , Wenzel Mine Pleasure Bouvar , Fink Né , Rentzsch Silvia , Garcia Manuel Ricardo , Schuler Christoph , Spurgat Chris , Voß Heinz-Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Trans and non-binary people are often discriminated against. Discrimination has a negative impact on health and may affect sexual health and behavior. We explored the relationship between discrimination based on gender identity and the perceived ability to make decisions about their sex life to feel as protected as desired from HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among trans and non-binary people in Germany. Secondarily, we assessed whether feeling unable of making HIV/STI-protected sex decisions was associated with behaviors related to increased HIV/STI risk.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Sexual Health and HIV/STI in Trans and Non-Binary Communities (TASG) survey conducted online between March-July 2022 among trans and/or non-binary people aged 18 years and older living in Germany. We described the prevalence of frequent discrimination based on gender identity. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the associations between frequent experienced discrimination based on gender identity and feeling unable of making HIV/STI-protected sex decisions, and between feeling unable of making HIV/STI-protected sex decisions and behaviors related to increased HIV/STI risk.

Results
Among 3077 participants, 22% reported frequent discrimination based on gender identity. Participants experiencing such discrimination reported 1.4 times more often to feel unable to make HIV/STI-protected sex decisions (PR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8). This perceived inability was associated with increased prevalence of sex under drug influence (PR 2.9, 95% CI 2.3–3.7) and condomless penetrative sex with multiple partners without PrEP (PR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9).

Conclusion
Feeling unable to make decisions to feel protected from HIV/STI among trans and non-binary people was associated with both frequent discrimination and behaviors that increase the HIV/STI risk. Strategies for empowering trans and non-binary people to assert their sexual decision-making needs should be explored.
Timely empirical antibiotic therapy against sepsis in a rural Norwegian ambulance service: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Andersson Lars-Jøran , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Solligård Erik , Fredriksen Knut 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Early diagnosis and antibiotic therapy in patients with sepsis reduce morbidity and mortality, thus pre-hospital management is likely to affect patient outcomes. Pre-hospital administration may increase the risk of unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but identification of an infectious focus enables more targeted antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate how paramedics, with or without the assistance of general practitioners, can administer empiric intravenous antibiotic treatment against sepsis in a timely manner.

Methods
Cohort study of patients with suspected sepsis that received pre-hospital intravenous antibiotics and were transported to hospital. The setting was mainly rural with long average distance to hospital. Patients received targeted antibiotic treatment after an assessment based on clinical work-up supported by scoring systems. Patients were prospectively included from May 2018 to August 2022. Results are presented as median or absolute values, and chi-square tests were used to compare categorical data.

Results
We included 328 patients. Median age was 76 years (IQR 64, 83) and 48.5% of patients were female. 30-days all-cause mortality was 10.4%. In cases where a suspected infectious focus was determined, the hospital discharge papers confirmed the pre-hospital diagnosis focus in 195 cases (79.3%). The presence of a general practitioner during the pre-hospital assessment increased the rate of correctly identified infectious focus from 72.6% to 86.1% (p = 0.009). Concordance between pre-hospital identification of a tentative focus and discharge diagnosis was highest for lower respiratory tract (p = 0.02) and urinary tract infections (p = 0.03). Antibiotic treatment was initiated 44 min (median) after arrival of ambulance, and median transportation time to hospital was 69 min. Antibiotic therapy was started 76 min (median) before arrival at hospital.

Conclusions
Pre-hospital identification of infectious focus in suspected sepsis was feasible, and collaboration with primary care physicians increased level of diagnostic accuracy. This allowed initiation of intravenous focus-directed antibiotics more than one hour before arrival in hospital in a rural setting. The effect of pre-hospital therapy on timing was much stronger than in previous studies from more urban areas.
Use, perceptions, and effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation among older adults in England: a population study, 2014–2024
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion , Cox Sharon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to characterise patterns of tobacco smoking and vaping among older adults (≥ 65 years) in England, to explore harm perceptions of e-cigarettes among those who smoke, and to estimate the real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes for helping older adults to stop smoking.

Methods
Data were collected as part of a representative monthly cross-sectional household survey in England between April 2014 and April 2024 (n = 197,219). We analysed differences between older (≥ 65 years) and younger/middle-aged adults (18–64 years) in (a) time trends in tobacco smoking and vaping, (b) harm perceptions of e-cigarettes vs. cigarettes (adjusting for gender, socioeconomic position, and vaping status), and (c) the real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation (adjusting for gender, socioeconomic position, characteristics of the quit attempt, and use of other evidence-based cessation aids).

Results
Tobacco smoking prevalence remained relatively unchanged over time among older adults (at ~ 9%; 9.5% [8.5–10.6%] in April 2014 and 8.7% [7.7–9.8%] in April 2024) but vaping prevalence increased (from 2.1% [1.6–2.7%] to 3.7% [3.0–4.6%], respectively). These trends differed from those observed among younger/middle-aged adults, among whom there was a clear decline in smoking (from 21.8% [21.0–22.7%] to 18.2% [17.3–19.0%]) and a larger increase in vaping (from 5.6% [5.2–6.1%] to 16.2% [15.3–17.0%]). Older adults were consistently less likely than younger/middle-aged adults to use e-cigarettes to support attempts to quit smoking (26.8% [17.2–39.3%] vs. 43.7% [39.6–48.0%] in April 2024). Older smokers reported greater uncertainty about the harms of e-cigarettes compared with cigarettes (ORadj = 2.48 [2.28–2.69]). E-cigarettes appeared to be effective for helping older adults to stop smoking (ORadj = 1.50 [0.96–2.34]); whether effectiveness was lower than for younger/middle-aged adults was inconclusive.

Conclusions
Over the past decade, smoking prevalence has remained stable among older adults while decreasing among the rest of the adult population in England. Older adults are more unsure about the relative harms of e-cigarettes and less likely to use them to support attempts to quit smoking, despite evidence that they are effective for smoking cessation in this population.
Refractory testicular germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to the targeting of polycomb pathway demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B
Authors: Shokry Doha , Khan Mehwish W. , Powell Christine , Johnson Samantha , Rennels Brayden C. , Boyd Raya I. , Sun Zhengyang , Fazal Zeeshan , Freemantle Sarah J. , Parker Maryanna H. , Vieson Miranda D. , Samuelson Jonathan P. , Spinella Michael J. , Singh Ratnakar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) can be treated with cisplatin-based therapy. However, a clinically significant number of cisplatin-resistant patients die from progressive disease as no effective alternatives exist. Curative cisplatin therapy results in acute and life-long toxicities in the young TGCT patient population providing a rationale to decrease cisplatin exposure. In contrast to genetic alterations, recent evidence suggests that epigenetics is a major driving factor for TGCT formation, progression, and response to chemotherapy. Hence, targeting epigenetic pathways with “epidrugs” is one potential relatively unexplored strategy to advance TGCT treatment beyond cisplatin. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that targeting polycomb demethylases KDM6A and KDM6B with epidrug GSK-J4 can treat both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant TGCTs. While GSK-J4 had minimal effects alone on TGCT tumor growth in vivo, it dramatically sensitized cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant TGCTs to cisplatin. We validated KDM6A/KDM6B as the target of GSK-J4 since KDM6A/KDM6B genetic depletion had a similar effect to GSK-J4 on cisplatin-mediated anti-tumor activity and transcriptome alterations. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of KDM6A/KDM6B potentiated or primed the p53-dominant transcriptional response to cisplatin, with also evidence for basal activation of p53. Further, several chromatin modifier genes, including BRD4, lysine demethylases, chromodomain helicase DNA binding proteins, and lysine methyltransferases, were repressed with cisplatin only in KDM6A/KDM6B-targeted cells, implying that KDM6A/KDM6B inhibition sets the stage for extensive chromatin remodeling of TGCT cells upon cisplatin treatment. Our findings demonstrate that targeting polycomb demethylases is a new potent pharmacologic strategy for treating cisplatin resistant TGCTs that warrants clinical development.