bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and elimination of carryover contamination by multiple cross displacement amplification coupled with antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase
Authors: Yan Linlin , Zhao Fan , Niu Lina , Cai Yu , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaoxue , Wu Yuanyuan , Nong Jinqing , Hu Shoukui 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), as an important human pathogenic bacterium, causes high mortality and morbidity, especially among children younger than 5 years. Accurate and rapid detection of S. pneumoniae is critical important.

Methods

A ply gene-based multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA), which amplifies DNA under isothermal conditions (65 °C) for 40 min, was established for accurate and rapid detection of S. pneumoniae. The amplicons were indicated using lateral flow biosensor (LFB).

Results

The MCDA assay could detect as little as 10 fg purified S. pneumoniae genomic DNA, and 447 CFU/mL spiked sputum samples with a sensitivity 100 times that of PCR. The specificity of MCDA primer targeting ply gene was validated using 15 S. pneumoniae strains and 25 non-S. pneumoniae strains, indicating that ply gene-based MCDA assay was highly selective for S. pneumoniae. Moreover, the MCDA assay coupled with antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase (AUDG) can effectively eliminate the carryover contamination, and then preventing false-positive results.

Conclusion

MCDA assay in combination with AUDG was a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific and reliable method for the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae infection, which appears to be a valuable tool for clinical screening.
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was associated with acute kidney injury in high risk patients following non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Nan , Qiao Hong , Guo Jing-Fei , Yang Hong-Yun , Li Xue-Ying , Li Shuangling , Wang Dong-Xin , Yang Li 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following non-cardiac surgery with adverse short and long term prognosis. Current evidence have shown hypoalbuminemia was associated with an increased risk of AKI in patients with infectious diseases, cancer, following cardiac surgery and transplant surgery. However, there were few evidence focusing on non-cardiac surgery population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative hypoalbuminemia and AKI following non-cardiac surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively assessed perioperative risk factors and preoperative serum albumin in 729 consecutive adult patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. Each patient was categorized by maximal Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria based on creatinine changes and urine output within first week after surgery. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between preoperative hypoalbuminemia and postoperative AKI.
Results
Of the 729 patients, 188 (25.8%) developed AKI, the AKI incidence was higher in patients with a preoperative serum albumin level < 37.5g/L than those ≥37.5g/L [35.9% (98/273) vs. 19.7% (90/456), P <0.001]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed preoperative serum albumin level < 37.5g/L (OR 1.892; 95% CI 1.238-2.891; P = 0.003) was independently associated with postoperative AKI. Furthermore, AKI in patients with preoperative hypoalbuminemia was more severe with 28.6% vs 18.0% for stage 1 (P=0.001), 2.6% vs 1.1% for stage 2 (P=0.144) and 4.8% vs 0.7% for stage 3 (P<0.001), respectively. Patients with AKI had a higher in-hospital mortality rate [6.9% (13/188) vs. 0.2% (1/541), P <0.001]. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with AKI had lower cumulative survival rate with more severe stage of AKI relating to poorer outcomes (P<0.001). Postoperative AKI was also associated with other worse outcomes, such as prolonged mechanical ventilation [53.4 (33.0, 73.8) vs 14.7 (11.1, 18.3) hours, P<0.001], ICU stay [4.0 (3.1, 4.9) vs 2.0 (1.8, 2.3) days, P<0.001] and postoperative hospital stay [17.8 (14.8, 20.9) vs 12.3 (11.3, 13.3) days, P<0.001], and higher total cost [89,000 (56,000, 132,000) vs 75,000 (42,000, 109,000) yuan, P<0.001].
Conclusions
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was independently associated with AKI after non-cardiac surgery, and postoperative AKI was associated with poor outcomes.
Intracranial mechanical thrombectomy of large vessel occlusions in the posterior circulation using SAVE
Authors: Maus Volker , Styczen Hanna , Liman Jan , Maier Ilko , Brehm Alex , Tsogkas Ioannis , Psychogios Marios Nikos 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using stent retriever assisted vacuum-locked extraction (SAVE) is a promising method for anterior circulation strokes. We present our experience with SAVE for large vessel occlusions (LVO) of the posterior circulation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 66 consecutive MT patients suffering from LVO of the posterior circulation. Primary endpoints were first-pass and overall complete/near complete reperfusion, defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 2c and 3. Secondary endpoints contained number of passes, time interval from groin puncture to reperfusion and rate of postinterventional symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).

Results

Median age was 75 years (interquartile range (IQR) 54 – 81 years). Baseline median National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) was 13 (IQR 8 – 21). Fifty-five (83%) patients had LVO of the basilar artery and 11 (17%) of the posterior cerebral artery. Eighteen (27%) patients were treated with SAVE and 21 (32%) with aspiration only. First pass mTICI2c or 3 and overall mTICI2c or 3 were documented in 11/18 (61%) and 14/18 (78%) with SAVE and in 4/21 (19%) and 13/21 (33%) with aspiration only. Median attempt was 1 (IQR 1 – 2) with SAVE and 2 (IQR 1 – 4) with aspiration (p=0.0249). Median groin to reperfusion time did not differ significantly between groups. The rate of sICH was 5% without any complications in the SAVE cohort.

Conclusion

Mechanical thrombectomy of posterior large vessel occlusions with SAVE is feasible, safe, and effective with high rates of near-complete and complete reperfusion.
Recent transition of medical cost and relapse rate of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis of a health insurance claims database
Authors: Kawachi Izumi , Okamoto Shuichi , Sakamoto Mariko , Ohta Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yusuke , Iwasaki Kosuke , Yoshida Manami , Hiroi Shinzo , Ogino Mieko 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

In this study, we aimed to understand the trends in total and itemized medical expenses, especially of disease-modifying therapy (DMT), for multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan through an analysis of health insurance claims data.

Methods

We analyzed a database containing health insurance claims data from hospitals that have adopted the Diagnosis Procedure Combination/Per-Diem Payment System in Japan. According to an algorithm based on diagnosis codes, data for all patients diagnosed with MS from April 2008 to July 2016 were extracted. Medical costs, rate of each medical treatment, and rate of relapses were analyzed by calendar-year. Medical costs in the month of relapse were compared with average medical costs per month of all MS patients by a cross-sectional analysis.

Results

4,374 MS patients were identified in the database. Total medical cost per patient per month (PPPM) increased from \87,640 (US$787.7 or €723.0 as of May 2017) to \102,846 (US$924.4 or €848.4) during the study period. This increment was mainly attributed to the growth in cost of outpatient DMT prescriptions, which increased from \23,039 (US$207.1 or €190.1) to \51,351 (US$461.5 or €423.6). In contrast, the rate of hospitalizations and relapses PPPM decreased during the study period (from 0.053 to 0.030, and 0.032 to 0.019, respectively). Medical costs in the month of relapse (\424,661, US$3816.8 or €3503.1) were 3.57 times higher than the average monthly costs for all MS patients (\119,021, US$1069.8 or €981.8), with the majority comprising hospitalization cost.

Conclusion

Concomitant with the increased usage of DMT, the total medical cost for treating MS is increasing in Japan. However, rates of relapse and hospitalization have shown a decreasing trend. There is currently a lack of evidence for direct causality between DMT and reduction of relapse rates. However, even if DMT cannot be directly shown to be the cause of lower relapse rates and fewer hospitalizations among MS patients, a better quality of life for MS patients and a reduction in hospital costs have been achieved concomitantly with the increasing prevalence of DMT.
Variation of wastewater contaminants in China and source identification using hierarchical clustering based on weighted factor scores
Authors: Liao Haoxiang , Huang Xiqian , Feng Jingjing , Han Deming , Zhou Yong , Chen Xiaojia , Cheng Jinping 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Human activities have huge impact on the aquatic environment. Knowledge on sources of the contaminants provides guidelines to determine the ideal location and maintenance of monitoring stations, thus advancing environmental monitoring and pollution control. Factor analysis (FA) may be the most popular method for source identification, but the results should be affirmed. Following this logic, in this research, firstly the potential sources were determined, and secondly the contaminant concentrations in the source regions and the non-source regions were compared. To identify the potential sources, 75 meteorological, economic and social indicators were used to group the study regions. FA was used to reduce dimensionality and factor scores were calculated. The grouping was based on the weighted factor scores while the weight was variance explained by each factor respectively. Each group was supposed to correspond to a factor; that is, a potential source. The results indicated that the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic in wastewater were significantly different between groups. Animal husbandry, mining and/or energy industry were the main sources of COD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus; animal husbandry, mining, energy industry, and/or heavy and chemical industry were the main sources of phosphorus; humid climate and/or secondary industry were the main sources of arsenic.
Comparative Glycaemic Indices of a Four Herbal Combinatorial Formulation Administered On Wistar Rats
Authors: Joseph Inya , Okey Ojiako , Angela Emejulu 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
The effect of dietary incorporation of ethanolic extracts of single and combinatorial
formulations of Acanthus montanus (ACMO), Asystaciagangetica (ASGA), Gongronemalatifolium
(GOLA) and Solanummelongena (SOME) on glucose tolerance was studied in normoglycaemicWistar
rats.

Methods:
A total of 128 Wistar rats were used for the research work. The rats were divided into 32
groups of 4 rats each. One group was the normal control group and 15 groups were orally administered
200mg/kg body weight extract(s) for the single and combinatorial formulations. Another group (negative
control) was given oral glucose load (4g/100ml) of 200mg/kg body weight alone and the remaining
15 groups were given oral glucose load (4g/100ml) of 200mg/kg body weight before giving the test
extract(s) of 200mg/kg body weight.

Results:
Post-prandial serum glucose response at 30 minutes interval was plotted and the area under
the curve (AUC) used to determine glycaemic index (GI) of each herbs. The herbs (ACMO, ASGA,
GOLA and SOME) resulted in a marked improvement in oral glucose tolerance in rats after 10 days of
treatment at an interval of 2 days. Blood glucose concentration (mmol/l) of rats administered with the
combinations; ACMO+GOLA, ACMO+SOME, SOME+GOLA, ACMO+SOME+GOLA+GLU,
ACMO+ASGA+GOLA, ACMO+SOME+GOLA and ACMO+ASGA+GOLA+SOME was found to
belowered, with ACMO+ASGA+GOLA combination having the best result. This might be a result of
hypoglycaemic synergy promoted by the various bioactive principles present in the combined extracts
thereby lowering the GI. These findings revealed that the listed combinations have hypoglycaemic
potentials and habitual consumption could positively modulate oral glucose tolerance.

Conclusion:
The herbs could be useful in the dietary management of diabetes as they could help regulate
blood glucose level when consumed with normal meals and could also be incorporated into meals
to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes or reverse the same in its early stages.
Механизмы токопрохождения в полупроводниковой структуре фотоэлектрического преобразователя с n-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--p-переходом и антиотражающей пленкой пористого кремния, сформированной методом окрашивающего травления
Authors: Трегулов В.В. , Литвинов В.Г. , Ермачихин А.В. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have studied experimental samples of photoelectric transducers with an n ^+– p junction based on a silicon single crystal and an antireflection porous silicon (por-Si) film formed by color chemical etching in a HF : KMnO_4 : C_2H_5OH etcher. It is shown that for KMnO_4 oxidant concentrations of 0.025 and 0.040 M, the por-Si film growth time at which the maximal efficiency of the photoelectric transducer is reached can be substantially increased as compared to that attained using anode electrochemical etching. For investigating the current transmission mechanisms, we have measured the temperature dependence of forward- and backward-bias current–voltage branches. The existence of several current transmission mechanisms has been established. It is found that traps with activation energy distributed in a continuous range of values considerably affect the current transmission.
Прогнозирование радиационно-наведенного поглощения света в волоконных световодах с сердцевиной из нелегированного кварцевого стекла в космических применениях
Authors: Кашайкин П.Ф. , Томашук А.Л. , Салганский М.Ю. , Азанова И.С. , Цибиногина М.К. , Димакова Т.В. , Гурьянов А.Н. , Дианов Е.М. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiation-induced absorption (RIA) of light in five isotropic optic fibers (OFs) with a core of undoped silica glass (SiO_2) and a fluorosilicate cladding and one birefringent OF of the “PANDA” type of the same chemical composition was measured at a wavelength λ = 1.55 μm under γ-irradiation to a dose of 1 kGy (∼ 1 Gy/s), 15–45 min after completion of irradiation, and in a few months at temperatures +25 and –60°C. An extrapolation of the RIA after irradiation in the framework of the kinetic model of the n th order, which gave a forecast of the RIA for isotropic OFs of ∼1.1 and ∼ 0.3 ± 0.1 dB/km at –60 and +25°C, respectively, was made to assess the RIA at the end of a 15-year mission in space. It has been concluded that it is possible to use at least 4–5 km of OF in space under conditions of temperature variation within ±60°C at a maximum dose of 1 kGy and a mission duration of 15 years. It has also been established that the RIA will not have been higher in the birefringent OF than in the isotropic ones by the end of such a mission.
Serum and Urine Albumin and Response to Loop Diuretics in Heart Failure
Authors: Charokopos Antonios , Griffin Matthew , Rao Veena S. , Inker Lesley , Sury Krishna , Asher Jennifer , Turner Jeffrey , Mahoney Devin , Cox Zachary L. , Wilson F. Perry , Testani Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives
Diuretic resistance can limit successful decongestion of patients with heart failure. Because loop diuretics tightly bind albumin, low serum albumin and high urine albumin can theoretically limit diuretic delivery to the site of action. However, it is unknown if this represents a clinically relevant mechanism of diuretic resistance in human heart failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In total, 208 outpatients with heart failure at the Yale Transitional Care Center undergoing diuretic treatment were studied. Blood and urine chemistries were collected at baseline and 1.5 hours postdiuretic administration. Urine diuretic levels were normalized to urine creatinine and adjusted for diuretic dose administered, and diuretic efficiency was calculated as sodium output per doubling of the loop diuretic dose. Findings were validated in an inpatient heart failure cohort (n=60).

Results
Serum albumin levels in the outpatient cohort ranged from 2.4 to 4.9 g/dl, with a median of 3.7 g/dl (interquartile range, 3.5–4.1). Serum albumin had no association with urinary diuretic delivery (r=−0.05; P=0.52), but higher levels weakly correlated with better diuretic efficiency (r=0.17; P=0.02). However, serum albumin inversely correlated with systemic inflammation as assessed by plasma IL-6 (r=−0.35; P<0.001), and controlling for IL-6 eliminated the diuretic efficiency-serum albumin association (r=0.12; P=0.12). In the inpatient cohort, there was no association between serum albumin and urinary diuretic excretion (r=0.15; P=0.32) or diuretic efficiency (r=−0.16; P=0.25). In the outpatient cohort, 39% of patients had microalbuminuria, and 18% had macroalbuminuria. There was no correlation between albuminuria and diuretic efficiency after adjusting for kidney function (r=−0.02; P=0.89). Results were similar in the inpatient cohort.

Conclusions
Serum albumin levels were not associated with urinary diuretic excretion, and urinary albumin levels were not associated with diuretic efficiency.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC FRUITS EXTRACT OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN MICE
Authors: Garg Naveen , Mathur Prashant , Saraswat Rohit , Sharma Chandrachud 
Published: April 2019

This study was designed to examine the effect of ethanolic fruits extract of Embelia ribes Burm on dexamethasone-(1mg/kg, intramuscular, 22 days) induced Insulin resistance in Mice. Twenty two days of oral feeding the extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) to induced mice resulted in significant (P < .01) decrease in blood glucose, triglyeride, Insulin, HOMA-IR index and increase in body weight levels as compared to dexa control mice. Further, the extract also significantly (P < .01) decreased the MDA levels and significantly (P < .01) increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in Hepatic tissue of dexa control mice and also increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. The results of test drug were comparable to pioglitazone (2 mg/kg, i.m , 22 days), a standard antihyperglycemic agent.
The study concludes that Embelia ribes enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and Embelia ribes may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance.
Breast cancer treatment: survival facts and associated side effects
Authors: Joshi Drashti 
Published: April 2019

In the world the cancer is a prevailing disease therefore some rational and effective therapy required. The breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in a woman and now a day’s patients are increase. Therefore, development and research are ongoing on the effective treatment on breast cancer. The breast cancer treatment is depending on the cancer stage disease and risk, based on this therapeutic agent should be employed in the patients to protect the breast cancer disease. Such treatments are reducing the mortality and morbidity but constant monitoring of drug adverse effect. Moreover, it has been seen that the survival rates in breast cancer is rising that is good news for science but on the other side the side effects of the treatments bring new challenges. The early stage diagnosis of the breast cancer can survive the effective or healthy patient life because of long-term and various treatment can be employed on the cancer disease otherwise breast cancer is life threatening illness. Survivors of breast cancer have not only the side effects issues of the cancer therapy treatment but also, they have many other issues of previous treatments therefore it is challenging job for the researchers. Consequently, this review article is dealing with the breast cancer effective treatments and side effects of it. Moreover, it includes the other long-term medical issues after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review will help to the researchers for better understanding of the long-term medical issues in the breast cancer.
Educa Trânsito – Um jogo de apoio à educação no trânsito
Authors: Wisley da Silva John , Soares Rodrigues Diego , Dantas Dyego , Battestin Nunes Vanessa , Alcina Martins Nobre Isaura 
Published: April 2019

Esse artigo apresenta o Educa Trânsito, um jogo educativo cujo objetivo é contribuir para a educação no trânsito, permitindo que o jogador exercite hábitos e atitudes de respeito ao próximo, normas sociais e leis de trânsito, colocando-se hora no lugar de um motorista, hora no de um pedestre. O jogo é uma ferramenta livre, cujo público alvo são pessoas alfabetizadas maiores de 10 anos. É apresentado como uma ferramenta de apoio ao processo educacional na formação de cidadãos mais responsáveis e conscientes dos benefícios de se cultivar um trânsito mais seguro. Foi construído segundo a metodologia XisOA e, posteriormente, avaliado por uma especialista, que apontou aspectos positivos no jogo e pontos de melhoria.
Uma Interface de Programação de Aplicativos para análise qualitativa de textos aplicada ao sistema MineraFórum
Authors: Baruffi Lucas , César Cazella Sílvio , José Rigo Sandro , L. V. Barbosa Jorge 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o estudo do algoritmo de mineração de textos utilizado no sistema MineraFórum e avaliar a possibilidade de sua utilização para a construção de uma biblioteca de mineração de textos. A motivação principal está associada com a ampliação de utilização deste algoritmo. Foi realizada uma reengenharia de software no código do sistema para extrair a parte do seu algoritmo relevante à mineração de qualquer tipo de texto e criado um aplicativo para testar os resultados gerados. A implementação utilizou a linguagem Java, já utilizada pelo MineraFórum. Os resultados obtidos são relevantes e pôde-se comprovar que o algoritmo do MineraFórum tem potencial para avaliar textos maiores e não somente postagens em fóruns de discussão, foco original do algoritmo MineraFórum.
AVALIAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS DE TRADUÇÃO PORTUGUÊS-LIBRAS VISANDO O USO NO ENSINO DE CRIANÇAS SURDAS
Authors: Paulo Colling João , Boscarioli Clodis 
Published: April 2019

No processo pedagógico a utilização de materiais que complementem o trabalho do professor e favoreçam o aprendizado do aluno é fundamental. As tecnologias têm inúmeras possibilidades de aplicações que podem e devem ser exploradas na educação em todos os níveis e para estudantes com diferentes necessidades, como no caso de crianças surdas. Este artigo aborda esta temática, avaliando a acessibilidade linguística em softwares educativos pela inserção de Libras, sua língua natural. Ao mesmo tempo, apresenta e discute as perspectivas desta inserção, ponderando e identificando os atributos necessários para realizar uma tradução efetivamente compreensiva para uma criança.
MODELO DO JOGO DE FUTSAL E SUBSÍDIOS PARA O ENSINO
Authors: Novaes Rafael Batista , Rigon Thiago André , Dantas Luiz Eduardo Pinto Bastos Tourinho 
Published: April 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor um modelo do jogo de futsal visando auxiliar na estruturação de uma didática para modalidade. A construção do modelo foi feita com base na experiência dos autores com a modalidade e na literatura específica. Optou-se por um recorte sistêmico do fenômeno com o intuito de superar a perspectiva tecnicista, em que a ação no jogo é vista como a justaposição de gestos técnicos, e realçar a importância da tomada de decisão.