bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dayside Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Responses to a Foreshock Transient on 25 June 2008: 1. FLR Observed by Satellite and Ground‐Based Magnetometers
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Chen , Shi Quanqi , Wang Boyi , Zhang Hui , Hudson Mary K. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Hartinger Michael D. , Tian Anmin , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Rae I. J. , Degeling Alexander W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs one type of driver of magnetospheric Alfvén waves, foreshock transients have received less attention than, for example, the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability, discrete and broadband frequency solar wind dynamic pressure oscillations, and interplanetary shocks. Previous works show that foreshock transients can induce both Alfvén mode and compressional mode Pc 3–5 ULF waves inside the magnetosphere. However, to our knowledge, none of these reported Pc 3–5 waves, induced by foreshock transients, are proved to be localized in the magnetosphere. In this paper, using in situ and ground‐based observations, we report the generation of localized magnetospheric compressional waves and field line resonances (FLRs) by a foreshock transient. Both the foreshock transient and Pc 5 ULF waves were found on the duskside; while on the morning side of the magnetosphere, no clear wave signatures were captured. Our results demonstrate that in addition to the global effects of foreshock transients on the magnetosphere reported earlier, foreshock transients can also generate localized magnetospheric responses in the Pc 5 range with clear dawn‐dusk asymmetry. A suite of eight dayside spacecraft plus ground magnetometer measurements make possible the determination of the foreshock transient driver and dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the magnetospheric response not previously reported with such a complete data set.
Synthesis and Source Characteristics of Tsunamis in the Sea of Japan Based on Normal‐Mode Method
Authors: Wu Y. , Satake K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe normal‐mode method, which is widely used in seismology, was applied to characterize the free oscillation and tsunami sources in the Sea of Japan. Improvements in matrix storage, and incorporation of a modern sparse eigensolver, enabled us to calculate 6,000 high‐resolution normal‐mode solutions for the Sea of Japan, down to a period of 8 min. We used kurtosis to group these modes into three types: 622 basin‐wide modes, 4,953 regional modes, and 425 local modes. By the superposition of these modes, tsunami waveforms were synthetized for the 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake (Mw 7.7). Comparisons of synthesized waveforms with those computed by the finite difference method as well as observations showed good agreement at periods longer than 8 min. The excitation weights for 60 fault models along the eastern margin of the Sea of Japan were computed, and they showed that the average excitation was larger for the sources located at shallower water depth or with larger magnitude. Among the three types of modes, the regional modes played the most important role and affected a wide coastal area.
Identification of Chlorobenzene in the Viking Gas Chromatograph‐Mass Spectrometer Data Sets: Reanalysis of Viking Mission Data Consistent With Aromatic Organic Compounds on Mars
Authors: Guzman Melissa , McKay Christopher P. , Quinn Richard C. , Szopa Cyril , Davila Alfonso F. , Navarro‐González Rafael , Freissinet Caroline 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotivated by the recent detection of chlorobenzene by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on the Curiosity rover, and the identification of its carbon source as indigenous to the martian sample, we reexamined the original, microfilm preserved, Viking gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer data sets. We found evidence for the presence of chlorobenzene in Viking Lander 2 (VL‐2) data at levels corresponding to 0.08–1.0 ppb (relative to sample mass), in runs when the sample was heated to 350°C and 500°C. Additionally, we found a correlation between the temperature dependence of the chlorobenzene signal and the dichloromethane signal originally identified by the Viking gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer team. We considered possible sources of carbon that may have produced the chlorobenzene signal, by reaction with perchlorate during pyrolysis, including organic carbon indigenous to the martian parent sample and instrument contamination. We conclude that the chlorobenzene signal measured by VL‐2 originated from martian chlorine sources. We show how the carbon source could originate from the martian parent sample, though a carbon source contributed from instrument background cannot yet be ruled out.
Export Depth of the TEX86 Signal
Authors: Zhang Yi Ge , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTEX86 is widely used for evaluating ancient ocean temperatures. However, the debate on the export depth of the TEX86 signal in the water column has not been settled. Consequently, TEX86 has been interpreted as/calibrated to surface, shallow subsurface, or deep subsurface temperatures. Here we examine the published core top TEX86 data between 30°N and 30°S where the ocean temperatures at the surface show a clear latitudinal gradient, but not at the deep subsurface. The meridional distribution of the TEX86 data exhibits an inverted U shape with the peak near the equator, which closely resembles the surface and shallow subsurface ocean temperature profiles. And the strongest correlation was identified between TEX86 and sea surface temperatures. These results suggest that on the global scale, sedimentary TEX86 is a proxy for temperatures of the epipelagic ocean less than 200 m deep.
Cdk4/6 inhibitors and overall survival: power of first-line trials in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Tanguy Marie-Laure , Cabel Luc , Berger Fréderique , Pierga Jean-Yves , Savignoni Alexia , Bidard Francois-Clement 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPalbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib have been investigated in combination with aromatase inhibitors as first-line therapy for metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (PALOMA-2, MONALEESA-2 and MONALEESA-7, MONARCH-3 trials, respectively); pivotal trials led to absolute median progression-free survival (PFS) gain of about 15 months. We aimed to estimate, for each trial, the statistical power to demonstrate a significant gain in overall survival (OS). Power was calculated with Freedman’s formula. Given the allocation ratio and the number of events, power was computed as a function of hazard ratio. We focused on four specific hazard ratio values (0.94, 0.89, 0.81, and 0.77), which are estimated to correspond to absolute 3, 6, 12, and 15 months gain in OS, respectively. For these calculations, the type I error rate was stated at 5% with a two-sided test, and we assumed that the risk of death was constant over time. PALOMA-2 and MONALEESA trials have an almost similar power despite different allocation ratios, while MONARCH-3 has a more limited power. Overall, the power of the four trials to demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in OS is less than 70% if the prolongation in median OS is ≤12 months, whatever the OS data maturity. This analysis shows that OS results are jeopardized by limited powers, and a meta-analysis might be required to demonstrate OS benefit. Conversely, if a significant OS improvement is observed in some but not at all trials, this discrepancy might be more attributable to chance than to a truly different drug efficacy.
Application of GRAAL model to the resumption of International Simple Glass alteration
Authors: Fournier Maxime , Frugier Pierre , Gin Stéphane 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe methodology developed for predicting nuclear waste behavior under disposal conditions combines experimental approaches and modeling. A waste glass canister placed in contact with water undergoes irreversible chemical processes leading to its degradation into more stable phases. This transformation occurs in three kinetic stages: the initial alteration rate (stage I), the residual rate (stage II), and, in some cases, a resumption of alteration (stage III) related to zeolites precipitation. Affinity effects based on the transition state theory are used to account for the rate drop from stage I to stage II. However, modeling of stage III has not been extensively studied. This study investigates the ability of the "glass reactivity with allowance for the alteration layer" (GRAAL) model to describe the effect of zeolite precipitation on the dissolution kinetics of the international simple glass (ISG). The GRAAL model-based description of the alteration layer was adapted to account for alkaline pH alteration mechanisms. A model describing the nucleation and growth kinetics of zeolites was proposed based on simple formalisms whose parameters can be inferred from previous studies’ results. These improvements give a description of the moment where a resumption of alteration occurs. As the predictive capacity of the GRAAL model is strongly dependent on the appropriateness of the alteration layers’ description, this work shows the need to develop new functions to describe the evolution of their compositions and solubilities with pH changes. Calculations also show the importance of Al and Ca activities and the effect of Al on the silica solubility.
Incorporation of NS1 and prM/M are important to confer effective protection of adenovirus-vectored Zika virus vaccine carrying E protein
Authors: Liu Xinglong , Qu Linbing , Ye Xianmiao , Yi Changhua , Zheng Xuehua , Hao Mingli , Su Wan , Yao Zhipeng , Chen Peihai , Zhang Shengnan , Feng Yupeng , Wang Qian , Yan Qihong , Li Pingchao , Li Heying , Li Feng , Pan Weiqi , Niu Xuefeng , Xu Ruian , Feng Liqiang , Chen Ling 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCurrent design of Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine mainly considered envelope (E) as the major target antigen. Non-structural protein NS1 was seldom considered. Herein, we generated three adenovirus-vectored vaccines carrying E (Ad2-E), or premembrane/membrane (prM/M) with E (Ad2-prME), or NS1 in addition to prM/M with E (Ad2-prME-NS1). Ad2-prME induced higher neutralizing antibody response to ZIKV than Ad2-E, suggesting prM/M is important for the folding of immunogenic E. Most intriguingly, Ad2-prME-NS1 elicited the best viral inhibition when the immune sera were added to ZIKV-infected cells. In ZIKV-challenged neonatal mice born to maternally immunized dams, Ad2-prME-NS1 conferred the best protection in preventing weight loss, neurological disorders, and viral replication. Ad2-prME also conferred significant protection but was less effective than Ad2-prME-NS1, whereas Ad2-E only alleviated neurological symptoms but did not inhibit viral replication. Our study suggested that NS1 should be considered in the design of ZIKV vaccine in addition to prM/M and E.
Optimization of Optomotor Response-based Visual Function Assessment in Mice
Authors: Shi Cong , Yuan Xuedong , Chang Karen , Cho Kin-Sang , Xie Xinmin Simon , Chen Dong Feng , Luo Gang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOptomotor response/reflex (OMR) assays are emerging as a powerful and versatile tool for phenotypic study and new drug discovery for eye and brain disorders. Yet efficient OMR assessment for visual performance in mice remains a challenge. Existing OMR testing devices for mice require a lengthy procedure and may be subject to bias due to use of artificial criteria. We developed an optimized staircase protocol that utilizes mouse head pausing behavior as a novel indicator for the absence of OMR, to allow rapid and unambiguous vision assessment. It provided a highly sensitive and reliable method that can be easily implemented into automated or manual OMR systems to allow quick and unbiased assessment for visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in mice. The sensitivity and quantitative capacity of the protocol were validated using wild type mice and an inherited mouse model of retinal degeneration – mice carrying rhodopsin deficiency and exhibiting progressive loss of photoreceptors. Our OMR system with this protocol was capable of detecting progressive visual function decline that was closely correlated with the loss of photoreceptors in rhodopsin deficient mice. It provides significant advances over the existing methods in the currently available OMR devices in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and efficiency.
Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis and myotonia in a patient with homozygous mutation p.R1451L in NaV1.4
Authors: Luo Sushan , Sampedro Castañeda Marisol , Matthews Emma , Sud Richa , Hanna Michael G. , Sun Jian , Song Jie , Lu Jiahong , Qiao Kai , Zhao Chongbo , Männikkö Roope 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDominantly inherited channelopathies of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.4 include hypokalaemic and hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP and hyperPP) and myotonia. HyperPP and myotonia are caused by NaV1.4 channel overactivity and overlap clinically. Instead, hypoPP is caused by gating pore currents through the voltage sensing domains (VSDs) of NaV1.4 and seldom co-exists clinically with myotonia. Recessive loss-of-function NaV1.4 mutations have been described in congenital myopathy and myasthenic syndromes. We report two families with the NaV1.4 mutation p.R1451L, located in VSD-IV. Heterozygous carriers in both families manifest with myotonia and/or hyperPP. In contrast, a homozygous case presents with both hypoPP and myotonia, but unlike carriers of recessive NaV1.4 mutations does not manifest symptoms of myopathy or myasthenia. Functional analysis revealed reduced current density and enhanced closed state inactivation of the mutant channel, but no evidence for gating pore currents. The rate of recovery from inactivation was hastened, explaining the myotonia in p.R1451L carriers and the absence of myasthenic presentations in the homozygous proband. Our data suggest that recessive loss-of-function NaV1.4 variants can present with hypoPP without congenital myopathy or myasthenia and that myotonia can present even in carriers of homozygous NaV1.4 loss-of-function mutations.
Beneficial effect of statins in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis following percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Sang Hoon , Jeong Hye Yun , Yang Dong Ho , Kim Jinkwon , Lee So-Young 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, roles of statins are still controversial in dialysis-dependent ESRD patients regardless of having proven coronary artery occlusive disease. The aim of this study was to examine the benefit of statin following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ESRD patients who have proven coronary artery occlusive disease. This study was based on the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort in South Korea. We included 150 ESRD patients on chronic hemodialysis who underwent PCI with stenting between 2002 and 2013. The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analysis were performed, and statin therapy after PCI was treated as a time-dependent variable. During 3.15 ± 2.71 (mean ± standard deviation) years of follow-up, there were 82 patients with primary outcome. The adjusted hazard ratio for statin use was 0.54 [0.33–0.90] compared to no statin use. This study showed that statin has significant benefit on reducing adverse events risk in dialysis-dependent ESRD patients after PCI.
Whispering Gallery Mode Enabled Efficiency Enhancement: Defect and Size Controlled CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Whisperonic Solar Cells
Authors: Das Tapan Kumar , Ilaiyaraja P. , Sudakar C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA synergetic approach of employing smooth mesoporous TiO2 microsphere (SμS-TiO2)–nanoparticulate TiO2 (np-TiO2) composite photoanode, and size and defect controlled CdSe quantum dots (QD) to achieve high efficiency (η) in a modified Grätzel solar cell, quantum dot sensitized whisperonic solar cells (QDSWSC), is reported. SμS-TiO2 exhibits whispering gallery modes (WGM) and assists in enhancing the light scattering. SμS-TiO2 and np-TiO2 provide conductive path for efficient photocurrent charge transport and sensitizer loading. The sensitizer strongly couples with the WGM and significantly enhances the photon absorption to electron conversion. The efficiency of QDSWSC is shown to strongly depend on the size and defect characteristics of CdSe QD. Detailed structural, optical, microstructural and Raman spectral studies on CdSe QD suggest that surface defects are prominent for size ~2.5 nm, while the QD with size > 4.5 nm are well crystalline with lower surface defects. QDSWSC devices exhibit an increase in η from ≈0.46% to η ≈ 2.74% with increasing CdSe QD size. The reported efficiency (2.74%) is the highest compared to other CdSe based QDSSC made using TiO2 photoanode and I−/I3− liquid electrolyte. The concept of using whispering gallery for enhanced scattering is very promising for sensitized whisperonic solar cells.
The C.L.A.M.P. Nephrometry score: A system for preoperative assessment of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with Segmental Renal Artery Clamping
Authors: Wang Yichun , Chen Chen , Qin Chao , Li Xiao , Wang Yamin , Zhang Jiayi , Wang Yi , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Qijie , Song Ninghong , Wang Zengjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLaparoscopic partial nephrectomy with segmental renal artery clamping is associated with a less warm ischemic injury and better postoperative affected renal function compared with main renal artery clamping. However, its indication remains unclear. We established a standardized nephrometry scoring system (The C.L.A.M.P. Nephrometry Score) to evaluate its flexibility in preoperative assessment. This scoring system based on 5 components. The ranking (C)oefficient of each score and the (L)ocation of the clamping position of the target artery and areas of the target artery entering the renal sinus: (A)nterior boundary, (M)ulti-boundary and (P)osterior boundary. We applied this system to analyze data from 106 consecutive patients who underwent SRAC during LPN and divided these patients into 3 groups based on their C.L.A.M.P. scores. The rate of conversion to main renal artery clamping and clamping success rate and the affected side GFR reduction showed significant differences among the groups (P < 0.001). However, parameters such as blood loss, Warm ischemia time and postoperative hospitalization were not significantly different. The C.L.A.M.P. nephrometry score shows strong ability in distinguishing different complexities of artery characteristics and plays a promising role in identifying patients who are suitable for the SRAC technique.
Loss of radioactivity in radiocesium-bearing microparticles emitted from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant by heating
Authors: Okumura Taiga , Yamaguchi Noriko , Dohi Terumi , Iijima Kazuki , Kogure Toshihiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRadiocesium-bearing microparticles (CsPs) substantially made of silicate glass are a novel form of radiocesium emitted from the broken containment vessel of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. CsPs have a potential risk of internal radiation exposure caused by inhalation. Radiation-contaminated waste including CsPs is being burned in incinerators; therefore, this study has investigated the responses of CsPs to heating in air. The radioactivity of CsPs gradually decreased from 600 °C and was almost lost when the temperature reached 1000 °C. The size and spherical morphology of CsPs were almost unchanged after heating, but cesium including radiocesium, potassium and chlorine were lost, probably diffused away from the CsPs. Iron, zinc and tin originally dissolved in the glass matrix were crystallized to oxide nanoparticles inside the CsPs. When the CsPs were heated together with weathered granitic soil that is common in Fukushima, the radiocesium released from CsPs was sorbed by the surrounding soil. From these results, it is expected that the radioactivity of CsPs will be lost when radiation-contaminated waste including CsPs is burned in incinerators.
Feedback from reorienting AGN jets
Authors: Cielo S. , Babul A. , Antonuccio-Delogu V. , Silk J. , Volonteri M. 
Published: June 2018

Aims.We test the effects of re-orienting jets from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) on the intracluster medium in a galaxy cluster environment with short central cooling time. We investigate both the appearance and the properties of the resulting cavities, and the efficiency of the jets in providing near-isotropic heating to the cooling cluster core.Methods.We use numerical simulations to explore four models of AGN jets over several active/inactive cycles. We keep the jet power and duration fixed across the models, varying only the jet re-orientation angle prescription. We track the total energy of the intracluster medium (ICM) in the cluster core over time, and the fraction of the jet energy transferred to the ICM. We pay particular attention to where the energy is deposited. We also generate synthetic X-ray images of the simulated cluster and compare them qualitatively to actual observations.Results.Jets whose re-orientation is minimal (≲20°) typically produce conical structures of interconnected cavities, with the opening angle of the cones being ~15–20°, extending to ~300 kpc from the cluster centre. Such jets transfer about 60% of their energy to the ICM, yet they are not very efficient at heating the cluster core, and even less efficient at heating it isotropically, because the jet energy is deposited further out. Jets that re-orientate by ≳20° generally produce multiple pairs of detached cavities. Although smaller, these cavities are inflated within the central 50 kpc and are more isotropically distributed, resulting in more effective heating of the core. Such jets, over hundreds of millions of years, can deposit up to 80% of their energy precisely where it is required. Consequently, these models come the closest in terms of approaching a heating/cooling balance and mitigating runaway cooling of the cluster core even though all models have identical jet power/duration profiles. Additionally, the corresponding synthetic X-ray images exhibit structures and features closely resembling those seen in real cool-core clusters.