bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Plausible Impact of Phenomenology on Gödel's Thoughts
Authors: Livadas Stathis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is well known that in his later years Gödel turned to a systematic reading of phenomenology, whose founder, Edmund Husserl, was highly esteem as a philosopher who sought to elevate philosophy to the standards of a rigorous science. For reasons purportedly related to his earlier attraction to Leibnizian monadology, Gödel was particularly interested in Husserl's transcendental phenomenology and the way it may shape the discussion on the nature of mathematical‐logical objects and the meaning and internal coherence of primitive terms in mathematics. This article, which is less interested in historical facts that are amply presented in other scholars’ accounts, rather tries to point to the mostly indirect influence that the ideas of transcendental phenomenology, including Gödel's reported reference to the notion of (inner) time, had on his philosophy of mathematics, especially with a view to key independent questions of mathematical foundations. A main source for Gödel's philosophical‐epistemological views (of course in addition to his own published material) will be his recorded discussions with H. Wang and S. Toledo, as well as various articles and drafts found in hisNachlass.
Hetero‐oligomeric CPN60 resembles highly symmetric group‐I chaperonin structure revealed by Cryo‐EM
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhang Xiang , Sommer Frederik , Ta Na , Wang Ning , Schroda Michael , Cong Yao , Liu Cuimin 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe chloroplast chaperonin system is indispensable for the biogenesis of Rubisco, the key enzyme in photosynthesis. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system, we found that in vivo the chloroplast chaperonin consists of CPN60α, CPN60β1 and CPN60β2 and the co‐chaperonin of the three subunits CPN20, CPN11 and CPN23. In Escherichia coli, CPN20 homo‐oligomers and all possible other chloroplast co‐chaperonin hetero‐oligomers are functional, but only that consisting of CPN11/20/23‐CPN60αβ1β2 can fully replace GroES/GroEL under stringent stress conditions. Endogenous CPN60 was purified and its stoichiometry was determined to be 6:2:6 for CPN60α:CPN60β1:CPN60β2. The cryo‐EM structures of endogenous CPN60αβ1β2/ADP and CPN60αβ1β2/co‐chaperonin/ADP were solved at resolutions of 4.06 and 3.82 Å, respectively. In both hetero‐oligomeric complexes the chaperonin subunits within each ring are highly symmetric. Through hetero‐oligomerization, the chloroplast co‐chaperonin CPN11/20/23 forms seven GroES‐like domains, which symmetrically interact with CPN60αβ1β2. Our structure also reveals an uneven distribution of roof‐forming domains in the dome‐shaped CPN11/20/23 co‐chaperonin and potentially diversified surface properties in the folding cavity of the CPN60αβ1β2 chaperonin that might enable the chloroplast chaperonin system to assist in the folding of specific substrates.
Genetic buffering of cyclic AMP in Arabidopsis thaliana compromises the plant immune response triggered by an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Authors: Sabetta Wilma , Vandelle Elodie , Locato Vittoria , Costa Alex , Cimini Sara , Bittencourt Moura Andrea , Luoni Laura , Graf Alexander , Viggiano Luigi , De Gara Laura , Bellin Diana , Blanco Emanuela , de Pinto Maria C. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryCyclic AMP plays important roles in different physiological processes, including plant defence responses. However, as little information is known on plant enzymes responsible for cAMP production/degradation, studies of cAMP functions have relied, to date, on non‐specific pharmacological approaches. We therefore developed a more reliable approach, producing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing the ‘cAMP‐sponge’ (cAS), a genetic tool that specifically buffers cAMP levels. In response to an avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (PstAvrB), cAS plants showed a higher bacterial growth and a reduced hypersensitive cell death in comparison with wild‐type (WT) plants. The low cAMP availability after pathogen infection delayed cytosolic calcium elevation, as well as hydrogen peroxide increase and induction of redox systems. The proteomic analysis, performed 24 h post‐infection, indicated that a core of 49 proteins was modulated in both genotypes, while 16 and 42 proteins were uniquely modulated in WT and cAS lines, respectively. The involvement of these proteins in the impairment of defence response in cAS plants is discussed in this paper. Moreover, in silico analysis revealed that the promoter regions of the genes coding for proteins uniquely accumulating in WT plants shared the CGCG motif, a target of the calcium‐calmodulin‐binding transcription factor AtSR1 (Arabidopsis thaliana signal responsive1). Therefore, following pathogen perception, the low free cAMP content, altering timing and levels of defence signals, and likely acting in part through the mis‐regulation of AtSR1 activity, affected the speed and strength of the immune response.
Cryopreservation (−20°C) of equine corneoscleral tissue: Microbiological, histological, and ultrastructural study
Authors: Costa Daniel , Leiva Marta , Naranjo Carolina , Ríos José , Peña Maria Teresa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate microbiological, histological, and ultrastructural characteristics of short‐term cryopreserved (STC) equine corneoscleral tissue (<1 year), and to compare it with long‐term cryopreserved (LTC) tissue (>7 years).Animals studiedThirty‐four healthy equine globes.ProcedureAfter a decontamination protocol, globes were enucleated and stored at −20°C in broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Corneoscleral tissue was evaluated at different storage periods: 1 month‐1 year (20 eyes) and 7‐9 years (12 eyes). Two eyes were used as controls. Microbiologic study included direct (blood, McConkey, and Sabouraud agars) and enrichment (brain‐heart infusion broth) cultures. Cryopreservation artifacts were evaluated by hematoxylin‐eosin. Corneoscleral collagen organization and number of normal and dead keratocytes were established by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsAll microbiologic direct cultures were negative. Enrichment cultures were positive in 12.5% of corneal and 59.4% of scleral tissues (pcornea = 0.136; psclera = 1.000). Cryopreservation artifacts were most commonly observed in LTC tissues (P = 0.002). Normal keratocytes were predominant in STC corneas (STC 60% and LTC 0%) and apoptotic ones in LTC (STC 40% and LTC 90%), whereas necrotic keratocytes were only seen in LTC (LTC 10%) (P = 0.001). No structural differences were detected in collagen organization between STC and LTC (pcornea = 1.000; psclera = 0.703).ConclusionsCryopreservation of equine corneoscleral tissue did not yield direct bacterial contamination. Apoptosis is the main cause of death of cryopreserved equine keratocytes. Based on the lack of significant structural differences between STC and LTC samples, these cryopreserved tissues could potentially be used for tectonic support for at least 9 years without structural or microbiological impediment.
Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload in ambulatory patients
Authors: Simpson Jock D. , Hopkins Adam , Amil Adilah , Ross Bryony , Enjeti Anoop K. 
Published: February 2019

Background and ObjectivesTransfusion‐associated circulatory overload is a leading cause of transfusion‐related adverse events. The frequency and risks for transfusion‐associated circulatory overload in ambulatory haematology patients are not known.Materials and MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of ambulatory patients transfused in a tertiary haematology centre, using medical records and an electronic transfusion database, was undertaken between January and December 2014. Variables studied included age, gender, diagnosis, heart failure, kidney disease and details of transfusions. Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload was defined according to proposed International Society of Blood Transfusion criteria. Patients with clinical evidence of hypervolaemia, not meeting the TACO definition and/or who were prescribed otherwise unscheduled diuretic agent, were collectively deemed to be at ‘risk of clinically significant hypervolaemia’ (ROCSH).ResultsIn the study period, 93 ambulatory patients (male = 49, female = 44, mean age = 75·89 ± 11·37 years) attended 715 transfusion encounters, totalling 1536 packed red cell units. No cases of TACO occurred whilst ‘ROCSH’ events occurred in 57/715 (8%) of transfusion encounters. In a univariate model, age was significantly associated with ‘ROCSH’, odds ratio = 1·05 (P = 0·017 95%, CI 1·01–1·09) and no factors were significant on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsTransfusion‐associated circulatory overload occurs infrequently haematology patients receiving ambulatory blood transfusions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on occurrence and risk factors for circulatory overload in ambulatory transfusions. This study provides vital baseline data for future prospective studies on this important aspect of haemovigilance.
Ionic signalling in astroglia beyond calcium
Authors: Verkhratsky Alexei , Untiet Verena , Rose Christine R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are homeostatic and protective cells of the central nervous system. Astroglial homeostatic responses are tightly coordinated with neuronal activity. Astrocytes maintain neuronal excitability through regulation of extracellular ion concentrations, as well as assisting and modulating synaptic transmission by uptake and catabolism of major neurotransmitters. Moreover, they support neuronal metabolism and detoxify ammonium and reactive oxygen species. Astroglial homeostatic actions are initiated and controlled by intercellular signalling of ions, including Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, H+ and possibly K+. This review summarises current knowledge on ionic signals mediated by the major monovalent ions, which occur in microdomains, as global events, or as propagating intercellular waves and thereby represent the substrate for astroglial excitability.
image
Separability of Mesh Bias and Parametric Uncertainty for a Full System Thermal Analysis
Authors: Schroeder Benjamin B. , Silva Humberto , Smith Kyle D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
When making computational simulation predictions of multiphysics engineering systems, sources of uncertainty in the prediction need to be acknowledged and included in the analysis within the current paradigm of striving for simulation credibility. A thermal analysis of an aerospace geometry was performed at Sandia National Laboratories. For this analysis, a verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) workflow provided structure for the analysis, resulting in the quantification of significant uncertainty sources including spatial numerical error and material property parametric uncertainty. It was hypothesized that the parametric uncertainty and numerical errors were independent and separable for this application. This hypothesis was supported by performing uncertainty quantification (UQ) simulations at multiple mesh resolutions, while being limited by resources to minimize the number of medium and high resolution simulations. Based on this supported hypothesis, a prediction including parametric uncertainty and a systematic mesh bias is used to make a margin assessment that avoids unnecessary uncertainty obscuring the results and optimizes use of computing resources.
Occasional and persistent frequent attenders and sickness absences in occupational health primary care: a longitudinal study in Finland
Authors: Reho Tiia T M , Atkins Salla A , Talola Nina , Sumanen Markku P T , Viljamaa Mervi , Uitti Jukka 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesFrequent attenders (FAs) create a substantial portion of primary care workload but little is known about FAs’ sickness absences. The aim of the study is to investigate how occasional and persistent frequent attendance is associated with sickness absences among the working population in occupational health (OH) primary care.Setting and participantsThis is a longitudinal study using medical record data (2014–2016) from an OH care provider in Finland. In total, 59 676 patients were included and categorised into occasional and persistent FAs or non-FAs. Sick-leave episodes and their lengths were collected along with associated diagnostic codes. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between FA status and sick leaves of different lengths (1–3, 4–14 and ≥15 days).ResultsBoth occasional and persistent FA had more and longer duration of sick leave than non-FA through the study years. Persistent FAs had consistently high absence rates. Occasional FAs had elevated absence rates even 2 years after their frequent attendance period. Persistent FAs (OR=11 95% CI 7.54 to 16.06 in 2016) and occasional FAs (OR=2.95 95% CI 2.50 to 3.49 in 2016) were associated with long (≥15 days) sickness absence when compared with non-FAs. Both groups of FAs had an increased risk of long-term sick leaves indicating a risk of disability pension.ConclusionBoth occasional and persistent FAs should be identified in primary care units caring for working-age patients. As frequent attendance is associated with long sickness absences and possibly disability pensions, rehabilitation should be directed at this group to prevent work disability.
Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of learning communication in the healthcare workplace: an Australian interview study
Authors: Denniston Charlotte , Molloy Elizabeth K , Ting Chee Yan , Lin Qi Fei , Rees Charlotte E 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe literature focuses on teaching communication skills in the ‘classroom’, with less focus on how such skills are informally learnt in the healthcare workplace. We grouped healthcare work based on the cure:care continuum to explore communication approaches based on work activities. This study asks: 1) How do healthcare professionals believe they learn communication in the workplace? 2) What are the differences (if any) across the ‘type of work’ as represented by the cure:care continuum?DesignThis qualitative study used semi-structured individual interviews.SettingCommunity care and acute hospitals in Australia (Victoria and New South Wales).ParticipantsTwenty qualified healthcare professionals (medicine n=4, nursing n=3, allied health n=13) from various clinical specialties (eg, acute, rehabilitation, surgery, palliative care) participated.MethodsData were analysed using framework analysis, which involved the development of a thematic coding framework. Findings were mapped to participants’ descriptions of work using the cure:care continuum.ResultsThree themes were identified that varied across the cure:care continuum: professional discourse—tying communication approaches to work activities; personal identities—the influence of personal identities on healthcare communication and role modelling—the influence of others in the socially bound context of healthcare work.ConclusionsThis study highlights the influence of professional, personal and social factors on the learning of healthcare communication in the workplace. Our study illuminates differences in communication practice related to work activities, as conceptualised by the cure:care continuum. The results call for further examination of the ‘nature’ of work activities and the concomitant influence on developing healthcare communication.
Selective citation in the literature on the hygiene hypothesis: a citation analysis on the association between infections and rhinitis
Authors: Duyx Bram , Urlings Miriam J E , Swaen Gerard M H , Bouter Lex M , Zeegers Maurice P 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveOur objective was to assess the occurrence and determinants of selective citation in scientific publications on Strachan’s original hygiene hypothesis. His hypothesis states that lack of exposure to infections in early childhood increases the risk of rhinitis.SettingWeb of Science Core Collection.ParticipantsWe identified 110 publications in this network, consisting of 5551 potential citations.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWhether a citation occurs or not, measured and analysed according to the preregistered protocol.ResultsWe found evidence for citation bias in this field: publications supportive of the hypothesis were cited more often than non-supportive publications (OR adjusted for study design [adjOR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.1), and the same was the case for publications with mixed findings (adjOR 3.1, 95% CI 2.2 to 4.5). Other relevant determinants for citation were type of exposure, specificity, journal impact factor, authority and self-citation. Surprisingly, prospective cohort studies were cited less often than other empirical studies.ConclusionsThere is clear evidence for selective citation in this research field, and particularly for citation bias.
Standardisation is necessary in urogenital and extragenitalChlamydia trachomatisbacterial load determination by quantitative PCR: a review of literature and retrospective study
Authors: Dirks Jeanne A M C , Hoebe Christian J P A , van Liere Geneviève A F S , Dukers-Muijrers Nicole H T M , Wolffs Petra F G 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesPathogen load has been linked to disease severity in patients infected with HIV, resulting in international standards to adequately and reproducibly quantify load.Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) load has been inconsistently linked to disease severity since extensive differences exist in quantification methods (14 methods in 28 articles). Differences include normalisation for human cell load due to CT’s intracellular nature, despite the inability to distinguish inflammatory cells from epithelial cells with molecular techniques. We compared the human cell load in CT-positive men and women at the genital and anal site to a CT-negative control group to estimate the impact of inflammatory cells in these samples.Methods188 women (tested at genital and anal site) and 519 men (207 tested at the anal site and 312 tested at the urogenital site) were included from our STI-clinic in the Netherlands. Specimens were self-collected vaginal swabs, anal swabs and urine samples. Quantitative-PCR targeting the HLA-gene quantified human cell load. Mann-Whitney-U-test was used for statistical analyses.ResultsThe genital cell load had a similar range and median (6.5 log10) between CT-negative and CT-positive women . The urogenital cell load was significantly higher than the anal cell load (median 3.6 log10). The anal cell load was significantly higher in men with- than without anal CT infection (median 4.5 versus 3.9 respectively). The anal cell load is significantly higher in CT-positive men than in women. Both Neisseria gonorrhoeae-co-infections and reported anal intercourse significantly increased the human cell load in anal samples.ConclusionStandardisation in CT load studies is necessary as current studies show 14 different quantification methods in 28 studies . In this study we demonstrate the inappropriateness of normalising the CT load for the human cell load using molecular techniques, as the presence of inflammatory cells cannot be excluded.
A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF ZIKA VIRUS EPIDEMIC IN RIO DE JANEIRO AS A VECTOR-BORNE AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
Authors: CRUZ-PACHECO GUSTAVO , ESTEVA LOURDES , FERREIRA CLAUDIA PIO 
Published: February 2019

In this work we formulate a mathematical model to assess the importance of sexual transmission during the Zika virus outbreak that occurred in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2015. To this end, we deduce from the model an analytical expression of the basic reproduction number of Zika, [Formula: see text], in terms of the vectorial and sexual transmissions, and we use the estimations given in Ref. 1 [Villela DAM, Bastos LS, de Carvalho LM, Cruz OG, Gomes MFC, Durovni B, Lemos MC, Saraceni V, Coelho FC, Codeço CT, Zika in Rio de Janeiro: Assessment of basic reproduction number and comparison with dengue outbreaks, Epidemiol Infect 145(8):1649–1657, 2017] for the [Formula: see text] values of Zika virus and dengue virus epidemics in Rio de Janeiro to evaluate the contribution of sexual transmission of Zika virus. According to the obtained results, sexual transmission (pure plus mediated by vector transmission) contributes from 23% to 46% for the [Formula: see text] increment. Also, an asymmetric sexual transmission between men and women can explain the fact that the incidence of Zika virus in women was 60% higher than in man during the 2015 epidemics. We also carry out a sensitivity analysis using [Formula: see text] as the output parameter. The results of this analysis have shown that the transmission rate between human and mosquito populations, the mosquito mortality rate, and the human infectious period are the parameters that contribute more to the [Formula: see text] variation, highlighting the importance of vector control to halt disease transmission.
Fatigue Reliability Assessment of a Metro-Train Bolster
Authors: Hu Jiexin , Xie Liyang , Yu Haiyang , Liu Longxi , Sun Weiguang 
Published: February 2019

The bolster is a key structure for the metro train. To evaluate its fatigue reliability under the fatigue loading scheme, the full-scale fatigue test and theoretical calculation are performed. The bolster is modeled as a series system of stress concentration zones, namely weak points, and their stresses are calculated using validated finite element method (FEM). Since no fatigue crack is observed after the test and the fatigue life predicted by the Goodman diagram is more than [Formula: see text] load cycles, the bolster can service for more than 30 years with 90% reliability. To learn more about its fatigue reliability during the real service, a fatigue reliability model is established based on stress-life interference model. 10 load spectra are generated by Poisson processes, and the bolster is also modelled as a series system of six weak points. As a result, its cumulative failure probability is less than 0.002% within its 30-year service under normal atmospheric conditions.
Ideals in rings and intermediate rings of measurable functions
Authors: Acharyya Sudip Kumar , Bag Sagarmoy , Sack Joshua 
Published: February 2019

The set of all maximal ideals of the ring [Formula: see text] of real valued measurable functions on a measurable space [Formula: see text] equipped with the hull-kernel topology is shown to be homeomorphic to the set [Formula: see text] of all ultrafilters of measurable sets on [Formula: see text] with the Stone-topology. This yields a complete description of the maximal ideals of [Formula: see text] in terms of the points of [Formula: see text]. It is further shown that the structure spaces of all the intermediate subrings of [Formula: see text] containing the bounded measurable functions are one and the same and are compact Hausdorff zero-dimensional spaces. It is observed that when [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-space, then [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the [Formula: see text]-algebra consisting of the zero-sets of [Formula: see text].
Silence is golden, especially when you need to say something important
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: February 2019

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
How well you speak will always be an indicator of how well you know the subject at hand. And while nerves can often lead novice speakers to resort to distracting sounds and placeholders, a second or two of silence will help focus you as well as your audience. In this installment, Philip Yaffe reminds us that silence is golden.