bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking ground water quality changes in Wadi El-Assiuti, Assiut, Egypt
Authors: Bady Mahmoud , Hassanien Hassanien Mannaa , Khaled Rehab , Zaher Amal , Hassan Ayman , Ahmed AbdelKader T. , Mahmoud Essam R. I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Wadi El-Assiuti, a valley in Assiut governorate, Egypt, is the only irrigation source in this area. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the groundwater quality parameters in this valley. Thus, the physiochemical quality parameters, such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), sodium percentage (Na%), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Kelly ratio (KR), potential salinity (PS), Water Quality Index (WQI), and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), were examined. The results revealed that groundwater, in general, was highly saline. Each of the physical and chemical parameters started with high values, but due to continuing groundwater use for years, they decreased and then increased again in 2019. The water quality parameters behave the same way as the physical and chemical parameters such as SAR but do not exceed 15.92, MAR: raised more than 50% in both periods, Na%: from 51.85 to 54.74% (with a maximum value of 65.46% in 2013) and from 54.74 to 80.52% in the period 2012–2014 and 2016–2020, respectively, SSP: rose more than 60% in both periods but reached 80.02% in 2020, KR: they rose more than 1 in both periods but reached 4 in 2020, PS: raised more than 3 meq/L in both periods but also reached 50.45 meq/L in 2020, WQI: rose more than 100 in both periods, and IWQI: rising more than 100.
Discovery of Sulfanilamide-diazo Derivatives Incorporating Benzoic Acid Moieties as Novel Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Activity
Authors: Belani Farshid , Mehrabi Maryam , Adibi Hadi , Mehrabi Masomeh , Khodarahmi Reza 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Sulfonamides are widely used carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in
clinical settings, however, their nonspecific inhibition of multiple carbonic anhydrase isoforms can
lead to reduced efficacy and side effects. This study aimed to develop sulfanilamide-diazo derivatives
incorporating benzoic acid moieties as novel inhibitors of hCA II activity to reduce side effects
and enhance selectivity for different CA isozymes.

Methods:
We investigated the interaction between these derivatives and the hCA II isozyme via
various spectroscopic and docking methods.

Results:
The kinetic data demonstrates that compound 1 (C1) and compound 2 (C2) share a similar
inhibitory strength against hCA II, effectively inhibiting its esterase activity through a noncompetitive
mechanism with Ki values at low micromolar levels. Fluorescence measurements indicated that
the synthesized compounds suppressed the inherent fluorescence of hCA II via a static quenching
process, with each compound showing a singular binding site within the enzyme. Thermodynamic
evidences highlight the significance of van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding in the
binding process. The results of molecular docking indicated that both C1 and C2 effectively obstruct
the entrance to hCA II's active site, with no significant differences in their binding conformations.

Conclusion:
While C1 and C2 exhibit CA inhibitory potency lower than that of sulfonamide compounds,
this study offers valuable insights that could pave the way for the development of a promising
scaffold for designing new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Discovery and Chemical Exploration of Spiro[Benzofuran-3,3'-Pyrroles] Derivatives as Innovative FLT3 Inhibitors for Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Al-Mahadeen Mohammed M. , Jaber Areej M. , Zahra Jalal A. , Al-Najjar Belal O. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Khanfar Monther A. 
Published: December 2024

Aims:
This study aimed at the synthesis of several spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives by a three-component reaction conducted by mixing DMAD, N-bridgehead het-erocycles, and benzofuran-2,3-diones in dichloromethane at room temperature for 24 h. Moreover, in vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity affinities against FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 was carried out.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to use a one-pot, three-component reaction to synthesize a novel set of spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives.

Methods:
A novel set of spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] ((11-13)a-e) was synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction involving dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, N-bridgehead heterocycles and benzofuran-2,3-diones in dichloromethane at room temperature for 24 h. The compounds were analyzed using NMR 1H, 13C, 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), and HRMS. Docking simulations were conducted to elucidate the anticancer activity of synthe-sized compounds on FLT3 protein, with Gilteritinib as a reference for comparison.

Results:
This study demonstrated the successful design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors for AML treatment. The synthesized compounds demonstrated promising binding affinities and significant inhibitory activity against FLT3 kinase. The inhibitors (11a, 11b, 11c, 12d, and 12e) exhibited excellent selectivity profiles against FLT3. Particularly, compound 12e showed strong binding affinity and potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.5 μM).

Conclusion:
Fifteen new synthetic spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-pyrroles] were prepared, character-ized, and evaluated for cytotoxicity affinities against FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3. Compound 12e showed strong binding affinity and potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.5 μM), making it a promising candidate for further development as a therapeutic option for AML treatment. These findings lay the groundwork for further optimization and development of spiro[benzo-furan-3,3'-pyrroles] derivatives as potential therapeutics for AML treatment. Further studies are needed to explore their efficacy and safety profiles in preclinical and clinical settings.
Advanced Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Nanofiltration Membrane Parameters: NF90 vs. NP010
Authors: Al Saadi Amal , Raut Nitin , Mousa Hasan , Vakili-Nezhaad G. Reza , Vaidya Reena 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study aimed to characterize commercial nanofiltration membranes (NF90
and NP010) by determining their membrane parameters and estimating osmotic pressure using the
virial equation.

Method:
A comparison has been conducted using the Van't Hoff equation for both dilute and concentrated
mixtures. Membrane parameters (σ, Ps, and ks) have been experimentally obtained, and
osmotic pressure has been calculated using the virial equation, with results compared to the Van't
Hoff equation. Various solutes, including lactose, Al3+, Mg2+, Na+, and Cl-, have been tested at different
concentrations to investigate the membrane behavior.

Result:
Result: The virial equation has shown better agreement with experimentally measured fluxes than
the Van't Hoff equation. With an increase in solute concentration, σ has decreased, while Ps and ks
have increased. Higher cation valency has increased rejection rates, with lactose exhibiting the highest
rejection. The rejection rates have followed the order of RLactose > RAl3+ > RMg2+ > RNa > RCl.
The order of σ values has been as follows: σLactose > σAl3+ > σMg2+ > σNa+ > RσCl. While the
order of Ps and ks values has been Cl->Na+>Mg2+>Al3+>lactose.

Conclusion:
The virial equation has proven to be more effective in estimating osmotic pressure. The
findings have provided valuable insights into membrane behavior under varying conditions, optimizing
the application of NF membranes across various industries.
Voluntary Disclosure of Workforce Gender Diversity
Authors: Liang Chuchu , Lourie Ben , Nekrasov Alexander , Yoo Il Sun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We examine managerial incentives to disclose the gender diversity of a firm’s workforce. We exploit information from employees’ online profiles to infer the gender diversity of nondisclosing firms. Within industry, we find that firms are more likely to disclose gender diversity when women comprise a higher proportion of their workforce, consistent with managerial incentives to disclose favorable information. However, disclosure is more prevalent in industries with a lower proportion of female employees, consistent with a poor gender diversity environment making a firm’s gender diversity appear relatively more favorable. Regarding the potential benefits of disclosure, disclosing firms enjoy more favorable media coverage of the firm’s diversity and attract a larger number of gender-lens ESG funds. Disclosing firms with a higher proportion of female employees enjoy greater benefits. Overall, our study broadens our understanding of the evolving corporate disclosure landscape by providing evidence on firms’ incentives to disclose workforce gender diversity.
Data availability: All data used in this study are publicly available from sources identified in the manuscript.
JEL Classifications: G10; G20; M41.
Use of SGLT2i Versus DPP-4i as an Add-on Therapy and the Risk of PAD-Related Surgical Events (Amputation, Stent Placement, or Vascular Surgery): A Cohort Study in Veterans With Diabetes
Authors: Griffin Katherine E. , Snyder Kathryn , Javid Amir H. , Hackstadt Amber , Greevy Robert , Grijalva Carlos G. , Roumie Christianne L. 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the risk of composite peripheral artery disease (PAD) surgical outcome, including peripheral revascularization and amputation procedures, between new users of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This retrospective cohort study of U.S. veterans age ≥18 years with diabetes who received care from the Veterans Health Administration was performed from 1 October 2000 to 31 December 2021. Data were linked to Medicare, Medicaid, and the National Death Index. New use of SGLT2i or DPP-4i medications as an add-on to metformin, sulfonylurea, or insulin treatment alone or in combination was evaluated for an association with PAD surgical procedure for peripheral revascularization and amputation. A Cox proportional hazards model for time-to-PAD event analysis compared the risk of a PAD event between SGLT2is and DPP-4is in a propensity score–weighted cohort with a competing risk of death and allowance for events to occur up to 90 days or 360 days after stopping SGLT2is.

RESULTS
The weighted cohort included 76,072 SGLT2i vs. 75,833 DPP-4i use episodes. The median age was 69 years, HbA1c was 8.4% (interquartile range [IQR] 7.5–9.4%), and the median diabetes duration was 10.1 (IQR 6.6–14.6) years. There were 874 and 780 PAD events among SGLT2i and DPP-4i users, respectively, for an event rate of 11.2 (95% CI 10.5–11.9) and 10.0 (9.4–10.6) per 1,000 person-years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.18 [95% CI 1.08–1.29]). When PAD events were allowed for 360 days after SGLT2i use ended, the aHR was 1.16 (95% CI 1.06–1.26).

CONCLUSIONS
SGLT2i as an add-on diabetes therapy was associated with an increased cause-specific hazard of PAD surgeries compared with DPP-4i.
Model GHT-SVM for Traffic Sign Detection Using Support Vector Machine Algorithm Based On Gabor Filter and Top-Black Hat Transform
Authors: Ayumi Vina , Noprisson Handrie , Dwika Putra Erwin , Utami Marissa 
Published: December 2024

A factor that can hinder the detection and recognition of traffic signs is the variation in lighting in the image of traffic signs. This study aims to detect traffic symbols using Gabor Filter (GFT), Top Hat Transform (THT), and Black Hat Transform (BHT) methods on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm for traffic sign dataset images with data problems that tend to have dark backgrounds at night and bright backgrounds during the day. From the experimental results, GHT-SVM gets the highest accuracy compared to HSV-SVM, HSV-RF, HSV-KNN, and H2T-SVM models. Based on experimental results, H2T-SVM from HOG ⊕ ENT ⊕ BHT ⊕ SVM results get the best accuracy of 86.42%. The Gabor Filter (GFT) parameters used are the number of filters with a value of 16, ksize with a value of 30, sigma with a standard deviation value of 3.0, lambd with a sinusoidal factor value of 10.0, gamma with a spatial aspect ratio value of 0.5 and psi with a phase offset value of 0 while the Top Hat Transform (THT) and Black Hat Transform (BHT) methods use filterSize sizes with values (3, 3).
PENERAPAN RAGAM MOTIF BATAK KARO PADA GERABAH
Authors: Br. Sitepu Deby Chintya Adelita , Suartini Luh , Sutrisno Langen Bronto 
Published: December 2024

Penerapan Ragam Motif Batak Karo Pada Gerabah ini diteliti dengan menggunakan metode PBR (Practice Based Research) yang digolongkan kedalam penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) Proses dalam berkarya (2) Mendeskripsikan bentuk dan motif Batak Karo yang diterapkan pada karya gerabah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi observasi,dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) proses dalam pembuatan karya gerabah beserta alat dan bahan yang digunakan (2) Hasil penerapan ragam motif Batak Karo pada gerabah dan prinsip-prinsip seni rupa yang terkandung didalamnya meliputi harmoni, kesatuan, keseimbangan, irama, point of interest, dan proporsi. Penerapan motif Batak Karo pada gerabah telah melewati proses yang cukup panjang,mulai dari menggambar sketsa bentuk,menguleni tanah liat,memposisikan tanah,pembentukan tanah menjadi gerabah,penganginan,menggambar motif Batak Karo pada gerabah,memperjelas pola motif,pengukiran motif,pembakaran,pencampuran cat dan juga pemberian warna. Dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa motif Batak Karo memiliki makna yang terkandung di dalamnya dan penerapan motif Batak Karo kedalam gerabah memiliki prinsip-prinsip seni rupa seperti harmoni, kesatuan, keseimbangan, irama, point of interest, dan juga proporsi. Motif tersebut ternyata dapat terlihat selaras dan indah apabila peletakannya diperhatikan mengandung prinsip-prinsip seni rupa tersebut.Kesimpulan dari penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penerapan ragam motif Batak Karo ke dalam karya gerabah dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan ragam motif yang diterapkan dan prinsip seni rupa yang terdapat di dalam karya gerabah.

Kata kunci: Penerapan Ragam Motif Batak Karo, Gerabah
Improving student learning outcomes in sports massage and sports injury prevention handling courses through a project based learning model using active learning methods
Authors: Nugraha Ugi , Anjanika Yonifia , Suhartini Sugih 
Published: December 2024

Problems: The massage course is one of the practical courses that students in the Department of Sports and Health Education must take with the requirement of passing basic anatomy and exercise physiology courses. Based on observations of 4th semester Sports Coaching students in the Theory and Practice lecture on the Sports Massage Handling Sports Massage Handling Sports Injury Prevention course, the learning method used is still conventional, namely the lecturer still dominates the learning process. Passive learning methods are certainly less effective and do not involve students in teaching and learning activities so that students tend to be passive. Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in student results in the Sports Massage and Sports Injury Prevention courses through the Project Based Learning (PBL) Model Using Active Learning Methods. Methods: This type of research is classroom action research, with two cycles. The instrument used in this research was the Sports Massage course and the treatment of sports injury prevention. The subjects in this research were 4th semester Sports Coaching students, totaling 33 students. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics with percentages. Result: Based on the research results, the test results for the success of sports massage practice were obtained using the Student Active Learning Method approach. The Project Based Learning (PBL) model achieved achievement in pre-action, only 7 students (21.21%) completed, in cycle 1 results 18 students (54.54%) completed with an average score of 57.58%, and in cycle 2 saw an increase in learning outcomes as many as 29 students (87.88%) successfully completed it. Conclusion: Learning outcomes in cycle II obtained from reflection: students have started to get used to learning that uses a project or practice approach with injury cases, students are more active and creative in the learning process.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Vegetation Density, Buildings, and Carbon Emission Footprint on Urban Heat Island in Surakarta City
Authors: Hadibasyir Hamim Zaky , Ardianti Indah Marlina , Aktaviani Hariza Afia , Priyono Kuswaji Dwi , Wibowo Arif Ari 
Published: December 2024

Surakarta City, serving as a center for government, community welfare, and economic activities, has experienced increased population density, land-use changes, and rising carbon emissions, leading to significant temperature differences with surrounding areas—identified as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This study aims to (1) map the distribution of carbon emissions, vegetation density, and building coverage in Surakarta; (2) analyze their relationship with UHI; and (3) determine UHI distribution within the city. Using Stratified Random Sampling for emissions sampling and Landsat 8 imagery for estimating NDVI, NDBI, and UHI, data analysis employed correlation and multiple linear regression. Findings reveal Surakarta’s household electricity emissions contribute 8,708 tons of CO₂ across five districts. Jebres District exhibits the highest vegetation cover (125.87 ha), while Serengan has the highest building density and non-vegetative area (55.48 ha). Moderate correlations were observed between NDBI and UHI (0.453) and NDVI and UHI (-0.434), indicating that higher NDBI values correlate with increased UHI, whereas lower NDVI values correlate with increased UHI. Serengan experiences the highest UHI levels, while Banjarsari has the lowest.AbstrakKota Surakarta, yang berfungsi sebagai pusat pemerintahan, kesejahteraan masyarakat, dan kegiatan ekonomi, mengalami peningkatan kepadatan penduduk, perubahan penggunaan lahan, dan kenaikan emisi karbon, yang menyebabkan perbedaan suhu signifikan dengan daerah sekitarnya—dikenal sebagai fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memetakan distribusi emisi karbon, kerapatan vegetasi, dan kepadatan bangunan di Surakarta; (2) menganalisis hubungan ketiganya dengan UHI; dan (3) menentukan distribusi UHI di dalam kota. Menggunakan Stratified Random Sampling untuk pengambilan sampel emisi dan citra Landsat 8 untuk memperkirakan NDVI, NDBI, dan UHI, analisis data dilakukan dengan korelasi dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa emisi listrik rumah tangga di Surakarta menyumbang 8.708 ton CO₂ di lima kecamatan. Kecamatan Jebres memiliki tutupan vegetasi tertinggi (125,87 ha), sedangkan Kecamatan Serengan memiliki kepadatan bangunan dan area non-vegetasi tertinggi (55,48 ha). Korelasi sedang diamati antara NDBI dan UHI (0,453) serta NDVI dan UHI (-0,434), yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai NDBI yang lebih tinggi berkorelasi dengan peningkatan UHI, sedangkan nilai NDVI yang lebih rendah berkorelasi dengan peningkatan UHI. Serengan mengalami tingkat UHI tertinggi, sedangkan Banjarsari memiliki tingkat UHI terendah
Morphological Study of Cocopet Euborellia arcanum (Order: Dermaptera) in the Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest Area, Jambi City
Authors: Putra Dhean Primanda , Wulandari Tia , Sakinah Audriella Nadine , Suhanda Robet 
Published: December 2024

Euborellia arcanum, an insect from the Dermaptera Order, plays a crucial ecological role as both a predator and a decomposer. However, the genus Euborellia is notoriously challenging to identify. Despite its ecological importance, studies on the genus Euborellia, particularly in Indonesia, remain limited. This study aimed to describe the morphological characteristic of E. arcanum as a reference for identification and scientific information. The study was conducted from August to September 2024 in the Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest Area, using direct sampling and morphological examination by microscopic approach. The Dermaptera Order is characterized by cerci, appendages at the abdomen's end, shaped like tweezers. E. arcanum, a wingless (apterous) species of Euborellia, measures 18–26 mm in total length, including forceps. Specimens collected in this study measured approximately 20 mm. E. arcanum has biting-chewing mouthparts, blackish-brown compound eyes for detecting light and movement, and filiform antennae with 19 antenomeres. The 12th to 15th antenomeres are yellow. The prothorax of E. arcanum is rectangular, slightly longer than wide, with a smooth surface. The mesothorax and metathorax are transverse, wider than long, and also have smooth surfaces. The abdomen consists of nine convex tergite segments, except for the last segment, which is transverse and slightly convex posteriorly. AbstrakEuborellia arcanum, serangga dari Ordo Dermaptera, memainkan peran ekologis yang sangat penting sebagai predator dan pengurai. Namun, genus Euborellia terkenal sulit untuk diidentifikasi. Meskipun memiliki peran ekologis yang penting, penelitian mengenai genus Euborellia, khususnya di Indonesia, masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik morfologi E. arcanum sebagai acuan identifikasi dan informasi ilmiah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2024 di Kawasan Hutan Kota Muhammad Sabki, dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel secara langsung dan pemeriksaan morfologi secara mikroskopis. Ordo Dermaptera memiliki ciri khas berupa cerci, pelengkap pada ujung abdomen yang berbentuk seperti pinset. E. arcanum, spesies Euborellia yang tidak bersayap (apterous), memiliki panjang total 18-26 mm, termasuk forsep. Spesimen yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini berukuran sekitar 20 mm. E. arcanum memiliki bagian mulut yang menggigit dan mengunyah, mata majemuk berwarna coklat kehitaman untuk mendeteksi cahaya dan gerakan, dan antena filiform dengan 19 antena. Antena ke-12 hingga ke-15 berwarna kuning. Prothoraks E. arcanum berbentuk persegi panjang, sedikit lebih panjang dari lebar, dengan permukaan yang halus. Mesotoraks dan metatoraks melintang, lebih lebar daripada panjang, dan juga memiliki permukaan yang halus. Abdomen terdiri dari sembilan segmen tergit cembung, kecuali segmen terakhir yang melintang dan sedikit cembung ke arah posterior.
First record of the freshwater sponges (Spongilla) in the inland rivers of Bulgaria
Authors: Taneva Lidiya , Zahariev Dimcho , Doychev Dimitar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Records from freshwater sponges on Bulgarian territory are scarce. Only two exist in the scientific literature, one from the Zhrebchevo Dam and one from the Bulgarian part of the Danube River near the border with Serbia. Inland lotic ecosystems such as channels, streams, and rivers, as well as lentic ecosystems, were not studied for this potential biological indicator. Due to the existing knowledge gap, studies of entire rivers and other aquatic ecosystems focused on the monitoring of biological or physicochemical quality elements should be vigilant for Spongillidaе family representatives since even their random discovery and identification could be of great importance. Such records can be considered interesting for gaining knowledge of their distribution, species richness, habitat preference and particular environmental variables dependencies. We investigated macroinvertebrates and macrophytes from 16 sampling sites in a river with a length of about 200 km and a watershed of 1600 km2 to register two Spongilla lacustris individuals at two sites without any significant hydro-morphological pressure from big dams. Our results could serve for monitoring program optimization that aims to investigate rare protected species dependent on freshwater sponges and on seeking more localities with established Spongilla populations. This can be achieved by directing sampling efforts on sampling sites that have similar habitats and have a hydraulic connection with the found specimens.