bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology in a one-dimensional plasmonic crystal: the optical approach
Authors: Miranda D A , Bludov Y V , Asger Mortensen N , Peres N M R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the topology of the bands of a plasmonic crystal composed of graphene and of a metallic grating. Firstly, we derive a Kronig–Penney type of equation for the plasmonic bands as function of the Bloch wavevector and discuss the propagation of the surface plasmon polaritons on the polaritonic crystal using a transfer-matrix approach considering a finite relaxation time. Second, we reformulate the problem as a tight-binding model that resembles the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) Hamiltonian, one difference being that the hopping amplitudes are, in this case, energy dependent. In possession of the tight-binding equations it is a simple task to determine the topology (value of the winding number) of the bands. This allows to determine the existense or absence of topological end modes in the system. Similarly to the SSH model, we show that there is a tunable parameter that induces topological phase transitions from trivial to non-trivial. In our case, it is the distance d between the graphene sheet and the metallic grating. We note that d is a parameter that can be easily tuned experimentally simply by controlling the thickness of the spacer between the grating and the graphene sheet. It is then experimentally feasible to engineer devices with the required topological properties. Finally, we suggest a scattering experiment allowing the observation of the topological states.
Local field potential-based brain-machine interface to inhibit epileptic seizures by spinal cord electrical stimulation
Authors: Garcia Cerqueira Erika Maria , de Medeiros Raquel Emanuela , da Silva Fiorin Fernando , de Arújo e Silva Mariane , Hypolito Lima Ramón , Azevedo Dantas André Felipe Oliveirade , Rodrigues Abner Cardoso , Delisle-Rodriguez Denis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study proposes a closed-loop brain-machine interface (BMI) based on spinal cord stimulation to inhibit epileptic seizures, applying a semi-supervised machine learning approach that learns from Local Field Potential (LFP) patterns acquired on the pre-ictal (preceding the seizure) condition. Approach. LFP epochs from the hippocampus and motor cortex are band-pass filtered from 1 to 13 Hz, to obtain the time-frequency representation using the continuous Wavelet transform, and successively calculate the phase lock values (PLV). As a novelty, the Z-score-based PLV normalization using both modified k-means and Davies-Bouldin's measure for clustering is proposed here. Consequently, a generic seizure's detector is calibrated for detecting seizures on the normalized PLV, and enables the spinal cord stimulation for periods of 30 s in a closed-loop, while the BMI system detects seizure events. To calibrate the proposed BMI, a dataset with LFP signals recorded on five Wistar rats during basal state and epileptic crisis was used. The epileptic crisis was induced by injecting pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Afterwards, two experiments without/with our BMI were carried out, inducing epileptic crisis by PTZ in Wistar rats. Main results. Stronger seizure events of high LFP amplitudes and long time periods were observed in the rat, when the BMI system was not used. In contrast, short-time seizure events of relative low intensity were observed in the rat, using the proposed BMI. The proposed system detected on unseen data the synchronized seizure activity in the hippocampus and motor cortex, provided stimulation appropriately, and consequently decreased seizure symptoms. Significance. Low-frequency LFP signals from the hippocampus and motor cortex, and cord spinal stimulation can be used to develop accurate closed-loop BMIs for early epileptic seizures inhibition, as an alternative treatment.
Unsupervised clustering analysis-based characterization of spatial profiles of inaccuracy in apparent diffusion coefficient values with varying acquisition plan orientation and diffusion weighting gradient direction – a large multicenter phantom study
Authors: Fedeli Luca , Benelli Matteo , Busoni Simone , Belli Giacomo , Ciccarone Antonio , Coniglio Angela , Esposito Marco , Nocetti Luca , Sghedoni Roberto , Tarducci Roberto , Altabella Luisa , Belligotti Eleonora , Bettarini Silvia , Betti Margherita , Caivano Rocchina , Carnì Marco , Chiappiniello Andrea , Cimolai Sara , Cretti Fabiola , Feliciani Giacomo , Fulcheri Christian , Gasperi Chiara , Giacometti Mara , Levrero Fabrizio , Lizio Domenico , Maieron Marta , Marzi Simona , Mascaro Lorella , Mazzocchi Silvia , Meliadò Gabriele , Morzenti Sabrina , Niespolo Alessandra , Noferini Linhsia , Oberhofer Nadia , Orsingher Laura , Quattrocchi Mariagrazia , Ricci Alessandra , Savini Alessandro , Taddeucci Adriana , Testa Claudia , Tortoli Paolo , Gobbi Gianni , Gori Cesare , Bernardi Luca , Giannelli Marco , Mazzoni Lorenzo Nicola ,   For the Italian Association of Medical and Health Physics (AIFM) working group on Magnetic Resonance Quantification, Intercomparison and Quality Assurance
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This large multicenter study of 37 magnetic resonance imaging scanners aimed at characterizing, for the first time, spatial profiles of inaccuracy (namely, Δ-profiles) in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values with varying acquisition plan orientation and diffusion weighting gradient direction, using a statistical approach exploiting unsupervised clustering analysis. A diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) protocol (b-value: 0–200–400–600–800–1000 s mm−2) with different combinations of acquisition plan orientation (axial/sagittal/coronal) and diffusion weighting gradient direction (anterior-posterior/left-right/feet-head) was acquired on a standard water phantom. For each acquisition setup, Δ-profiles along the 3 main orthogonal directions were characterized by fitting data with a second order polynomial function (ar
2
+ br + c). Moreover, for each Δ-profile, the maximum minus minimum of the fitting function (δ
max) was calculated. The parameters a, b, c, and δ
max showed some significant variations between scanner systems by different manufacturers or with different static magnetic field strengths, as well as between different acquisition/estimation setups. Unsupervised clustering analysis showed two evident clusters with significantly different values of parameter a (p < 0.0001), which can be grouped by acquisition protocol/Δ-profile direction but not scanner system. The results of ∆-profiles confirm an appreciable inter-scanner variability in ADC measurement and corroborate the importance of guarantying the reliability of ADC estimations in clinical or research studies, considering for each scanner system the specific acquisition sequence in terms of acquisition plan orientation and diffusion weighting gradient direction.
Physics-inspired machine learning detects ‘unknown unknowns’ in networks: discovering network boundaries from observable dynamics
Authors: Harsh Moshir , Vulpius Leonhard Götz , Sollich Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dynamics on networks is often only partially observable in experiment, with many nodes being inaccessible or indeed the existence and properties of a larger unobserved network being unknown. This limits our ability to reconstruct the topology of the network and the strength of the interactions among even the observed nodes. Here, we show how machine learning inspired by physics can be utilized on noisy time series of such partially observed networks to determine which nodes of the observed part of a network form its boundary, i.e. have significant interactions with the unobserved part. This opens a route to reliable network reconstruction. We develop the method for arbitrary network dynamics and topologies and demonstrate it on a broad range of dynamics including non-linear coupled oscillators and chaotic attractors. Beyond these we focus in particular on biochemical reaction networks, where we apply the approach to the dynamics of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) network and show that it works even for substantial noise levels.
Max Weber and W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: McAuley Christopher A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Max Weber’s and W. E. B. Du Bois’s chance encounter at the Congress of Arts and Science in St. Louis in 1904 led to a seven months–long correspondence between the two sociological pioneers. However, after what promised to be an enduring intellectual friendship, they abruptly ended their contact and never resumed it before Weber’s death in 1920. This essay explores the possible reasons for this abandoned friendship in some of the academic work that Weber and Du Bois produced prior and subsequent to their months of contact. What emerges from such an inventory are their fundamental differences over capitalism, empire, unfree labor, and racial conflict—substantive matters that may well have played significant roles in ending their intellectual exchange.
What about Democracy?
Authors: Hanke Edith 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Democracy is not a central concept in Max Weber’s academic work. As a liberal citizen, Weber campaigned in 1918/1919 for equal suffrage and a parliamentary democracy with a plebiscitary “leader.” This contribution attempts to systematically grasp Weber’s concept of democracy on the basis of four narratives. Weber’s approach is sociological: democratization is a dynamic social process that interacts with the development of political equality for citizens. Ideal typically, “democracy” means self-government and can therefore no longer be achieved by the citizens themselves in modern mass states. Democratic legitimacy is insufficiently integrated into Weber’s typology of domination. For him, democracy is not a normative concept, but a rule-based political system legitimized by the citizens. This sober concept opens up opportunities to analyze the changeability and historical-cultural diversity of democracies today. According to Weber, political decisions belong in democratically legitimized institutions, but not on the streets.
Rilke’s Crocodile Tears
Authors: Martínez Celaya Enrique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the interplay of human flourishing and arts in correlation with the experience of art offering what people need. It looks into human flourishing concerned with self-actualization through the optimization of experience and functioning. Moreover, some sculptures, poems, and musical compositions are detrimental to human flourishing, while other pieces of art offer banal, poppish, or amusing distractions away from the lifework that human flourishing requires. The chapter explains that human flourishing implies connection and transformation, which art depends on the condition as decoration, pamphlet of the times, and cultural currency. It presents Rainer Maria Rilke’s 1908 poem “Archaic Torso of Apollo,” which was written after Rilke’s aesthetic encounter with a sculpted headless torso.
Visual Art as Harmony and Challenge
Authors: Silver Larry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the notion of visual art as harmony and challenge. In the modern era of films and advertising, visual art is too easily construed as a form of momentary entertainment. Moreover, art has contributed in essential ways to the consolidation or confirmation of authority, whether political or spiritual. This chapter explains that artworks can promote social cohesion through shared beliefs, such as gendered social roles, religion, and politics. Individual and wider social connections and harmonies can be achieved through personal interactions, even sometimes quite physical encounters, with works of art. The chapter also considers the blessing and curse of a modern art museum.
Public Art and the Power of Engagement
Authors: Krause Knight Cher , Senie Harriet F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of public art’s power of engagement. It highlights the importance of positive psychology to the practice and perception of public art, which is an ideal vehicle through which to engender engagement on both individual and group levels. The more the public is involved in and with art, the more positive the results of such durational engagement may be. The chapter explains how public art contributes to human happiness and directly enriches people’s flourishing while referencing the notions of art therapy and intellectual space. It considers the PERMA model of well-being to be essential to understanding how public art promotes human flourishing.
“Well-Being” and “Flourishing” in the Ancient Synagogue
Authors: Fine Steven 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the notions of well-being and flourishing among the remains of Jewish visual culture from Roman antiquity. It then explores the art, vision, and experience of Holiness. The decoration and furnishing of specific synagogue remains express the theology and cosmology of specific local Jewish communities, particularly the third-century synagogue at Dura Europos in Syria, and fifth- to sixth-century synagogue remains from Israel. History is a place where factuality matters, but facts are dead without people’s own creative process. The chapter cites that history provides models for the world, both what people would like to become and what they would never be.
Evaluation of a clinical decision support alert to identify hepatic dysfunction and need for medication therapy adjustment in hospitalized patients
Authors: Nguyen Kevin B , Jacobs Scott , Tasnim Nissa , Knorr John P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To optimize the hepatic dysfunction alert tool at our institution to identify appropriate patients and minimize irrelevant alerts.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective review included adults hospitalized over a 1-month period for whom a hepatic dysfunction alert fired for a medication order placed in the electronic health record. The existing alert determines hepatic dysfunction based on laboratory tests. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients with an alert that was deemed to be clinically relevant. Alerts were considered relevant if the patient had a Child-Pugh score in class B or C and were ordered a medication with a hepatic warning from FDA or LiverTox. The performance of 14 alternative models was evaluated.

Results
A total of 1,541 alerts fired for 309 patients. Of these patients, 155 were randomly selected for the analysis, and the alert was deemed relevant in 86 patients (55%). Patients with relevant alerts were more likely to have documented liver disease and worsening measures on liver function tests. Of the alternative models evaluated, a model that excluded INR and albumin resulted in a 27% decrease in the number of alerts fired, of which 73% were relevant; however, it failed to identify 30% of patients with relevant hepatic dysfunction. None of the other models performed better.

Conclusion
The existing hepatic dysfunction clinical decision support tool correctly identifies patients with relevant hepatic dysfunction only 55% of the time. Alternative models were able to improve the rate of relevant results, but not without missing patients with relevant hepatic dysfunction.
Impact of a social media post on improving an existing residency program
Authors: Choudhary Kavish , Hager David , Thoma Lynn , Fox Erin R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
A social media post prompted reflection and changes to a longstanding pharmacy residency program. Pharmacy leadership utilized consultants with expertise in pharmacy residency training to help facilitate change and introduce new ideas to tenured staff. Other health systems working to continuously improve their residency programs may benefit from our example.

Summary
The guiding principles of the changes were to align with the new harmonized residency program standards and reduce preceptor burden and potential burnout. Changes were made to the entire program’s design, including new leadership, changes to committee structure, reduced requirements for preceptors that were not required in the standards, and resident recruitment and onboarding.

Conclusion
We encourage residency programs to regularly evaluate program structure, design, and conduct to ensure alignment with the organization’s evolving priorities as well as its mission and vision.
Abdominoplasty With Umbilical Hernia Repair: A Long-term Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Messa Charles A , Davis Harrison D , Habarth-Morales Theodore E , Amro Chris , Broach Robyn B , Fischer John P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The risks and benefits of performing small fat-containing ventral or umbilical hernia repair (HR) during cosmetic abdominoplasty remains a reconstructive and aesthetic challenge for plastic surgeons.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to compare clinical outcomes in patients undergoing abdominoplasty with concurrent HR and abdominoplasty alone.

Methods
Retrospective review of patients undergoing abdominoplasty with and without concurrent HR from January 2015 to June 2022 was performed. Patients were stratified by concurrent HR. All hernia patients underwent primary fascial repair, without mesh. Demographics, surgical site occurrences (SSO), and cosmetic complications, including delayed healing and necrosis, were assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to compare association of umbilical hernia repair with clinical outcomes.

Results
One hundred and six patients underwent abdominoplasty, and 68 (64%) had concurrent HR. No significant difference in demographics was identified between groups, including mean BMI (HR = 27.2 kg/m2 and no HR = 26.3 kg/m2, P = .73), and number of previous open hernia repairs (P = .09). After a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, hernia recurrence rate was 1.4% (n = 1), with a time to hernia recurrence of 12.2 months. After controlling for confounders, there was no difference in risk of SSO (OR 1.02 [0.31-3.36] P = .978), cosmetic complications (OR 0.80 [0.14-4.57] P = .805), procedure length (−21.5 minutes [−46.92-22.93] P = .501), readmission (2.8% vs 0%, P = .336), or reoperation (8.8% vs 10%, P = .766) between groups.

Conclusions
Abdominoplasty with concurrent HR can be performed safely and effectively, with no increase in adverse outcomes or cosmetic complications. The benefit of performing mesh-free HR with abdominoplasty can achieve an enhanced aesthetic outcome and reduce long-term abdominal wall morbidity.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Insights Into Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedure-Defining Demographic Factors and Impact of the Treatment on Self-Perception: A Propensity-Matched Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ozturk Mahmut , Oliveira Filipa Almeida , Teixeira Marta Ribeiro , Wellenbrock Sascha , Tav Baksan , Kueckelhaus Maximillian , Wiebringhaus Philipp , Hirsch Tobias , Aitzetmüller-Klietz Marie-Luise , Aitzetmüller-Klietz Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The lion's share of the research on facial aesthetic procedures focuses on visual results and patient satisfaction.

Objectives
To characterize treated and untreated potential patients and the identification of determinants that influence the decision making as well as the impact of such treatments on patients’ self-perception.

Methods
A cross-sectional, propensity-score-matched study on minimally invasive aesthetic procedures was performed through a survey comprising elements regarding demographics, conduct toward minimally invasive facial plastic interventions, as well as psychological well-being and social self-esteem domains of the validated Face-Q module.

Results
Complete data were collected from 598 participants. Among those, 88% (n = 529) were females and 12% (n = 69) were males. Forty-six percent (n = 277) of the participants were below the age of 30, and 39% (n = 233) were between 30 and 45 years of age. Of the 598 participants, 22% (n = 134) of the participants had undergone a minimally invasive aesthetic procedure of botulinum toxin and/or hyaluronic acid injection, and 78% (n = 464) of the participants had never received any aesthetic treatment. Female gender, 30 to 45 years of age, self-employment, and an income over 75,000€ were significant predictors of undergoing minimally invasive aesthetic procedures. Among treated participants, the overall FACE-Q score as well as the scores for the social esteem and the psychological well-being domains improved significantly with the aesthetic treatment.

Conclusions
This study highlights the major role of healthcare providers in better informing patients and the positive impact of facial aesthetic treatments on patients’ appearance as well as on psychological well-being and self-esteem.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Risk)
DeepMEns: an ensemble model for predicting sgRNA on-target activity based on multiple features
Authors: Ding Shumei , Zheng Jia , Jia Cangzhi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system developed from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) has high potential in gene editing. However, its successful application is hindered by the considerable variability in target efficiencies across different single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). Although several deep learning models have been created to predict sgRNA on-target activity, the intrinsic mechanisms of these models are difficult to explain, and there is still scope for improvement in prediction performance. To overcome these issues, we propose an ensemble interpretable model termed DeepMEns based on deep learning to predict sgRNA on-target activity. By using five different training and validation datasets, we constructed five sub-regressors, each comprising three parts. The first part uses one-hot encoding, wherein 0–1 representation of the secondary structure is used as the input to the convolutional neural network (CNN) with Transformer encoder. The second part uses the DNA shape feature matrix as the input to the CNN with Transformer encoder. The third part uses positional encoding feature matrices as the proposed input into a long short-term memory network with an attention mechanism. These three parts are concatenated through the flattened layer, and the final prediction result is the average of the five sub-regressors. Extensive benchmarking experiments indicated that DeepMEns achieved the highest Spearman correlation coefficient for 6 of 10 independent test datasets as compared to previous predictors, this finding confirmed that DeepMEns can accomplish state-of-the-art performance. Moreover, the ablation analysis also indicated that the ensemble strategy may improve the performance of the prediction model.
ToxGIN: an In silico prediction model for peptide toxicity via graph isomorphism networks integrating peptide sequence and structure information
Authors: Yu Qiule , Zhang Zhixing , Liu Guixia , Li Weihua , Tang Yun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Peptide drugs have demonstrated enormous potential in treating a variety of diseases, yet toxicity prediction remains a significant challenge in drug development. Existing models for prediction of peptide toxicity largely rely on sequence information and often neglect the three-dimensional (3D) structures of peptides. This study introduced a novel model for short peptide toxicity prediction, named ToxGIN. The model utilizes Graph Isomorphism Network (GIN), integrating the underlying amino acid sequence composition and the 3D structures of peptides. ToxGIN comprises three primary modules: (i) Sequence processing module, converting peptide 3D structures and sequences into information of nodes and edges; (ii) Feature extraction module, utilizing GIN to learn discriminative features from nodes and edges; (iii) Classification module, employing a fully connected classifier for toxicity prediction. ToxGIN performed well on the independent test set with F1 score = 0.83, AUROC = 0.91, and Matthews correlation coefficient = 0.68, better than existing models for prediction of peptide toxicity. These results validated the effectiveness of integrating 3D structural information with sequence data using GIN for peptide toxicity prediction. The proposed ToxGIN and data can be freely accessible at https://github.com/cihebiyql/ToxGIN.