bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors predisposing to cardia gastric adenocarcinoma: Insights and new perspectives
Authors: Abdi Esmat , Latifi‐Navid Saeid , Zahri Saber , Yazdanbod Abbas , Pourfarzi Farhad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent decades have seen an alarming increase in the incidence of cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) while noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA) has decreased. In 2012, 260 000 CGA cases (age‐standardised rate (ASR); 3.3/100 000) and 691 000 NCGA cases (ASR; 8.8/100 000) were reported worldwide. Compared with women, men had greater rates for both the subsites, especially for CGA. Recently, four molecular subtypes of GC have been proposed by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG); however, these classifications do not take into account predisposing germline variants and their possible interaction with somatic alterations in carcinogenesis. The etiology of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is not known. It is thought that CGA is distinct from adenocarcinomas located in the esophagus or distal stomach, both epidemiologically and biologically. Moreover, CGA is often identified in the advanced stage having a poor prognosis. Therefore, understanding the risk and the role of predisposing factors in etiology of CGA can inform clinical practice and counseling for risk reduction. In this paper, we showed that GC family history, lifestyle, demographics, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, and multiple genetic and epigenetic risk factors as well as several predisposing conditions may underlie susceptibility to CGA. However, several genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) should be conducted to identify novel high‐penetrance genes and pathways as well as causal germline variants predisposing to CGA. They must include different ethnic groups, especially from high‐incidence countries for CGA, because some risk loci are ancestry‐specific. In parallel, statistical methods can be developed to identify cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) from tumor sequencing data. It is also necessary to find novel long noncoding RNAs related to the risk of CGA. Taken altogether, new cancer risk prediction models, including all genetic and nongenetic factors influencing risk, should be developed to facilitate risk assessment, disease prevention, and early diagnosis and intervention of CGA in the future.
Identification of microRNA‐181 as a promising biomarker for predicting the poor survival in colorectal cancer
Authors: Peng Qiliang , Yao Wenyan , Yu Chenxiao , Zou Li , Shen Yuntian , Zhu Yaqun , Cheng Ming , Feng Zhengyang , Xu Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA series of studies have investigated the vital role of microRNA‐181 (miR‐181) in the initiation and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and demonstrated that it might be associated with the prognosis of CRC. However, inconsistent findings have hindered its clinical application.MethodsA comprehensive meta‐analysis and an integrative bioinformatics analysis were carried out for concluding current available evidence, clarifying the preliminary prognostic value and unfolding the underlying biological function of miR‐181 in CRC patients.ResultsThe findings revealed that elevated expression levels of miR‐181 were associated with significantly poorer overall survival rates (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.26‐2.43, P < .05). Meanwhile, the target genes of miR‐181 were identified and enriched into several important gene ontology (GO) categories and signaling pathways including miRNAs in cancer, pathways in cancer, proteoglycans in cancer, colorectal cancer, FoxO signaling pathway, PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, HIF‐1 signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway, which were confirmed highly involved in the initiation and progression of CRC. In addition, the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) networks were set up by miR‐181 targets to screen hub nodes and significant modules, which were also considerably associated with the molecular pathogenesis of CRC.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that miR‐181 could be a promising biomarker with predictive value for prognosis for CRC patients. However, future studies comprising large cohorts from multicenter are warranted to further investigate the biomarker value of miR‐181.
Survival benefit of palliative gastrectomy followed by chemotherapy in stage IV gastric signet ring cell carcinoma patients: A large population‐based study
Authors: Shi Tao , Song Xueru , Liu Qin , Yang Yang , Yu Lixia , Liu Baorui , Wei Jia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundStage IV gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a type of malignant gastric cancer (GC) with poorer survival compared to metastatic non‐SRCC gastric cancer (NOS). However, chemotherapy alone was unable to maintain long‐term survival. This study aimed to evaluate survival benefit of palliative gastrectomy plus chemotherapy (PG+C) for metastatic gastric SRCC.MethodsWe obtained data on gastric cancer patients between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Statistical methods included χ2 tests, Kaplan‐Meier curves, COX models, propensity score matching (PSM) and subgroup analysis.ResultsAmong 27 240 gastric cancer patients included, 4638 (17.03%) were SRCC patients. The proportion of patients with younger age, female gender, poorly differentiated grade and M1 stage was higher in SRCC than in NOS (P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed that multiple metastatic sites (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.14‐1.69, P = .001) was associated with increased mortality risk in metastatic SRCC. Median survival time was improved in metastatic SRCC receiving PG+C compared to PG/C alone (13 vs 7 months, P < .001). Notably, in subgroup analysis, 13 of 17 groups of metastatic SRCC patients with PG+C had prolonged overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone, especially for those with only one metastatic site (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.51‐0.73, P < .001).ConclusionsOur results suggested that there exists at least a selective group of stage IV gastric SRCC patients, who could benefit from palliative gastrectomy followed by chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone. Further prospective trials are needed to support our conclusion.
Voltammetric H/D Isotope Effects on Redox‐Active Small Molecules Conjugated with DNA Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Galagedera Sarasi K. K. , Flechsig Gerd‐Uwe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the largest H/D kinetic isotope effect (KIE) at room temperature (25 °C) reported to date (kH/kD=2400). In voltammetric measurements with DNA monolayers on gold electrodes, a maximum shift of −400 mV was recorded for the reduction peak potential of 50 μM hexammine cobalt(III) (CoHex) in 10 mM Tris buffer upon replacing water with deuterium oxide in the electrolyte. In subsequent comparative investigations, a much smaller shift (ca. −80 mV) was recorded with daunomycin, whereas no potential shift was recorded with hexammine ruthenium(III) (RuHex). The interactions of RuHex, CoHex, and daunomycin with a mixed self‐assembled monolayer of single‐stranded DNA and 6‐mercapto‐1‐hexanol (ssDNA/MCH SAM) immobilized on gold electrodes were studied by using cyclic and differential‐pulse voltammetry (CV and DPV, respectively). The hydrogen‐bond network within the ssDNA layer seems to amplify the voltammetric H/D isotope effect with CoHex. Voltammetric studies of H/D isotope effects can provide a platform to investigate amplified isotope effects probably not only on DNA layers, but also on proteins and small organic molecules and may be useful for studies of cell proliferation as well as drug testing.
Niobium Enhances Electrocatalytic Pd Activity in Alkaline Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells
Authors: Souza Felipe M. , Böhnstedt Paula , Pinheiro Victor S. , Paz Edson C. , Parreira Luanna S. , Batista Bruno L. , Santos Mauro C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPdxNby/C binary electrocatalysts supported on Printex 6 L carbon black were prepared by using an adapted chemical reduction method with sodium borohydride. The electrocatalysts were characterized by using SEM, TEM, XRD, EDS, ICP‐MS, water contact angle and Raman spectroscopy. The best performance for the alkaline direct glycerol fuel cell (ADGFC) was obtained by using Pd1Nb1/C, which yielded a maximum power density of 27 mW cm−2 at 70 °C. Residues of products formed from the glycerol oxidation were analyzed by using FT‐Raman and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The Pd1Nb1/C electrocatalyst exhibited a more negative onset potential for the CO oxidation reaction and a higher conversion rate of glycerol to carbonate. We suggest that the higher hydrophilicity, higher degree of disorder, and bifunctional effects enhanced the electrocatalytic activity of Pd, as Nb facilitated the oxidation of adsorbed CO in Pd and increased the transfer rate of electron from Pd to carbon black support Therefore, Nb is a promising co‐catalyst for Pd‐based electrocatalysts for ADGFCs.
Opportunities for improving use of evidence‐based therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Gao Yumin , Peterson Eric , Pagidipati Neha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEvidence‐based therapy that target hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking cessation, and weight loss have demonstrated significant benefits in reducing cardiovascular risks and related events. Although the benefit of intensively lowering blood glucose is unclear, newer antidiabetic drugs (glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors) have shown cardiovascular benefits in addition to their antihyperglycemic effect. Yet, studies suggest that recent use of evidence‐based therapy and management of cardiovascular risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains largely suboptimal. The following narrative review first identifies barriers to translating research evidence to clinical practice at the levels of provider, health system, patient, and cost. Then it synthesizes previous implementation strategies that addressed multifaceted barriers and attempted to improve care for patients with T2D and CVD. In conclusion, team‐based care coordination, reminding systems in combination to pharmacist consultation and patient education, provider education compatible with clinical workflow, and coupled incentives between providers and patients appeared to be effective in reducing cardiovascular risks for patients with T2D and CVD, though the scalability and long‐term clinical effect of these strategies as well as the possibility of interventions involving payers and health systems remain uncertain.
On the Possibilities and Considerations of Interfacing Ultra‐High Vacuum Equipment with an Electrochemical Setup
Authors: Maagaard Thomas , Tiwari Aarti , Chorkendorff Ib , Horch Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysts are required in order for electrocatalysis to play a large role in a future largely based on renewable energy sources. To rationally design these catalysts we need to understand the fundamental origin of their activities. In order to elucidate the relationship between catalyst structure and electrochemical behaviour, we investigate well‐defined single‐crystal catalysts in a UHV chamber interfaced with an electrochemical setup. Using the capabilities of UHV based methods, we can prepare more complex surface structures than it is possible with traditional EC methods and investigate their electrochemical behaviour. We exemplify this by showing results from both clean and intentionally structured Pt(111), Cu(111) and Pt/Cu(111).
Prolonging the Cycle Life of a Lithium–Air Battery by Alleviating Electrolyte Degradation with a Ceramic–Carbon Composite Cathode
Authors: Luo Zhifu , Li Yanyan , Liu Zixuan , Pan Linhai , Guan Wanbing , Liu Peng , Wang Deyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarbon materials with a high specific surface area are usually preferred to construct the air cathode of lithium–air batteries due to their abundant sites for oxygen reduction and discharge product growth. However, the high surface area also amplifies electrolyte degradation during charging, which would become the threshold of cyclability after addressing the issue of electrode passivation and pore clogging, but is usually overlooked in relevant research. Herein, it is proven that the critical influence of cathode surface area on electrolyte consumption by adopting carbon–ceramic composites to reduce the surface area of the air cathode. After screening several potential ceramic materials, an optimal composite of Ketjenblack (KB) and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSM) delivered a discharge capacity that was even higher than that of pure KB. This composite effectively mitigated the parasitic reaction current by 45 % if polarized at 4.4 V versus Li+/Li. Correspondingly, this composite prolonged the cycle life of the cell by 156 %. The results demonstrate that electrolyte consumption during charging is one of the critical boundary conditions to restrain the cyclic stability of lithium–air batteries.
Economic‐related CO2 emissions analysis of Ordos Basin based on a refined STIRPAT model
Authors: Liu Shuangxing , Peng Bo , Liu Qi , Fan Chao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdentifying the impact factors of CO2 emissions is the basis of economic‐related CO2 emission analysis. In this study, we used the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model to investigate the extent of influence of each impact factor on the CO2 emissions of Ordos Basin, a typical heavy industrial region and the largest coal production area of China. A new parameter, exhaust gas treatment costs ratio (R), was introduced into the STIRPAT model to examine the relationship between abatement investment and CO2 emissions. The impact factors that were positively associated with the CO2 emissions of Ordos Basin (and the corresponding coefficient values, from the largest to the smallest) were the population count (1.0449), property of secondary industry (0.8366), energy intensity (0.7672), GDP per capita (0.7598), property of tertiary industry (0.6978), and urbanization level (0.4641). The only negatively associated parameter was the exhaust gas treatment costs ratio, which had a coefficient value of −0.1339. In addition, the technological factors (i.e., energy intensity and exhaust gas treatment costs ratio) could be used as indicators of CO2 emission control. This study systematically investigated and discussed the impact factors of CO2 emissions in coal‐producing areas, to gain insight into the emissions’ characteristics and to lay a foundation for CO2 reduction in such regions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Too much of a good thing: The interactive effects of cultural values and core job characteristics on hindrance stressors and employee performance outcomes
Authors: Naseer Saima , Donia Magda Bezerra Leite , Syed Fauzia , Bashir Fatima 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study contributes to research on core job characteristics by examining when employees may perceive enriched jobs as a hindrance stressor and in turn may experience lower performance at work. Utilizing time‐lagged data collected from a sample of 386 employee–coworker dyads and drawing on cognitive appraisal theory of stress and coping, we explore the mediating role of hindrance stressors on the relationship between core job characteristics and key employee performance outcomes (i.e., creativity, counterproductive work behaviors, in‐role performance, and organizational citizenship behaviors) and the moderating roles of cultural values (i.e., power distance and uncertainty avoidance) in influencing this mediation. The results supported the hypotheses, providing evidence that the experience of hindrance stressors mediates the relationship between core job characteristics and job performance outcomes when employees score high on power distance and uncertainty avoidance cultural values, and not when their scores on these cultural values were low. Practical implications and future research are discussed.
Ionic Liquids‐Based Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation
Authors: Xiong Shaohui , Yin Deming , Javaid Muhammad Umar , Li Liang , Pan Chunyue , Tang Juntao , Yu Guipeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have gained wide‐spread focus owing to its negligible vapor pressure, low heat capacity, high thermal stability, and structural diversity. The solubility and selectivity toward carbon dioxide has made ILs a unique platform that possess the potential in gas separations. In particularly, combining functional ILs with membranes and porous supports is an efficient way to design task‐specific materials for CO2 separations. This minireview summarizes the developments and advances of ionic liquids‐based membranes for CO2 separations in recent three years, with an emphasis on the strategy of incorporating ionic liquids and CO2 separation performance.
Metamodel‐based robust simulation‐optimization assisted optimal design of multiloop integer and fractional‐order PID controller
Authors: Parnianifard Amir , Azfanizam Ahmad Siti 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClassical proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) tuning methods such as Ziegler‐Nichols simply increase robustness against disturbances that may arise from the load. Thus, uncertainty in the load parameters has generally not been considered in previous methods, and tuning has been done only in fixed and under certain conditions. Moreover, when one or more load parameters are changed, the best previous results for the PID controller lose their validity and need to be adjusted according to the change in those load parameters. In such case, finding an optimal design for a PID controller might be too inefficient in terms of computational time and cost. This paper aims at proposing a new less time‐consuming method for tuning of a multiloop PID controller for robustness when the output of the model is varying due to the changeability of load parameters in multiple subsystems as a source of variability. Kriging and radial basis function (RBF) metamodels as two common global approximation models together with the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method are used to fit input‐output models with the least number of running computer experiments. Robust design terminology in the class of dual response is applied to design a multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) mathematical programming model under disturbance factors. A MIMO numerical case in tuning a multiloop PID controller, proportional‐integral (PI) controller, and fractional‐order PID (FOPID) controller for speed control of a DC motor is provided as an example to show the flexibility and applicability of the proposed method.
Validation of the Normalized Laryngeal Constriction Ratio in Normal and Disordered Swallowing
Authors: Miller Melissa , Vose Alicia , Rivet Alycia , Smith‐Sherry May , Humbert Ianessa 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe timing of laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) is important for airway protection during swallowing. However, it is unknown whether the extent of LVC contributes to airway protection. The goal of this study is to validate the extent of LVC via a measure called laryngeal constriction ratio (LCR).MethodsA retrospective analysis of videofluoroscopic swallows was conducted on 38 stroke participants and 40 healthy controls. The LCR was calculated by deriving a size‐normalized area of airspace from a 1) maximum closed laryngeal vestibule and a 2) maximum open laryngeal airspace (at rest). Airway invasion severity was derived via the Penetration–Aspiration Scale score.ResultsSix hundred forty‐nine videofluoroscopic swallows were analyzed. A mixed model analysis revealed a statistically significant mean difference between the normalized laryngeal constriction ratios of healthy individuals (mean (m) = 0.003) versus older dysphagic patients (m = .026) (P = 0.001), quantifying less closure in older patients with dysphagia. Additionally, swallows with airway compromise had a statistically worse LCR when compared to swallows without airway compromise (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe normalized LCR might be a valid fluoroscopic surrogate measure for LVC and, furthermore, airway compromise during swallowing. By investigating spatial measurements in the laryngeal vestibule during safe and unsafe swallows, the LCR provides a direction for further research to allow for critical examination of the physiology relating to closure degree in order to precisely detect and treat abnormalities during swallowing.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E190–E198, 2020
Time‐series metatranscriptomes reveal conserved patterns between phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes in diverse freshwater systems
Authors: Linz Alexandra M. , Aylward Frank O. , Bertilsson Stefan , McMahon Katherine D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrobial communities form the base of food webs in freshwater ecosystems, yet the interactions within these diverse assemblages are poorly understood. Based on evidence showing that primary production and respiration follow diurnal trends in lakes, we hypothesized that gene expression in freshwater microbes would have similar diel cycles. We used three 2‐d time series of metatranscriptomes to test this hypothesis in a eutrophic lake, an oligotrophic lake, and a humic lake. We identified prominent diel cycles in all three lakes, particularly in genes related to photosynthesis, sugar transport, and carbon fixation. The maximal time of expression for sugar transport genes tended to trail that of photosynthesis genes by several hours, indicating possible metabolic exchange between co‐occurring microbial lineages. These results provide an initial step in understanding sophisticated multispecies transcriptional organization within freshwater microbial communities.
Trouble at the junction: When myopathy and myasthenia overlap
Authors: Nicolau Stefan , Kao Justin C. , Liewluck Teerin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough myopathies and neuromuscular junction disorders are typically distinct, their coexistence has been reported in several inherited and acquired conditions. Affected individuals have variable clinical phenotypes but typically display both a decrement on repetitive nerve stimulation and myopathic findings on muscle biopsy. Inherited causes include myopathies related to mutations in BIN1, DES, DNM2, GMPPB, MTM1, or PLEC and congenital myasthenic syndromes due to mutations in ALG2, ALG14, COL13A1, DOK7, DPAGT1, or GFPT1. Additionally, a decrement due to muscle fiber inexcitability is observed in certain myotonic disorders. The identification of a defect of neuromuscular transmission in an inherited myopathy may assist in establishing a molecular diagnosis and in selecting patients who would benefit from pharmacological correction of this defect. Acquired cases meanwhile stem from the co‐occurrence of myasthenia gravis or Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome with an immune‐mediated myopathy, which may be due to paraneoplastic disorders or exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors.