bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Q‐Learning and Fuzzy Logic Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System Using Two Stage Low‐Pass Filter to Smooth Power Fluctuations in Microgrid
Authors: Rajabinezhad Mohamadamin , Mirafzal Behrooz , Fateh Fariba , Zuo Shan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe intermittent and fluctuating nature of wind turbine output power is increasingly being recognized as a significant issue adversely impacting the power quality and stability of electrical grids. With the increasing integration of wind power, this challenge cannot be underestimated. However, a potential solution for mitigating the adverse effects of such fluctuations lies in the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), which encompasses battery energy storage systems (BESS) and supercapacitors (SC). The HESS is equipped with flexible operational modes for charging and discharging, thus enabling grid‐connected microgrids to possess the ability to counteract these oscillations. In this article, a control strategy based on the combination of Q‐learning and fuzzy logic control approaches is presented for tuning the parameters of a utilized two‐stage variable time constant low‐pass filter (LPF) in a grid‐connected microgrid. The proposed strategy adaptively tunes the time constants of LPFs to mitigate wind power fluctuations. Furthermore, practical constraints for the energy storage systems and their interfaced converters, such as preventing overcharge/discharge, ramp rate requirements, and certain maximum power conversion ranges, have been taken into account. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed two‐stage variable time constant LPF for output wind power fluctuation reduction considering practical constraints of HESS.
Immersions of Directed Graphs in Tournaments
Authors: Girão António , Hancock Robert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRecently, Draganić, Munhá Correia, Sudakov and Yuster (2022) showed that every tournament on vertices contains a 1‐subdivision of a transitive tournament on vertices, which is tight up to a constant factor. We prove a counterpart of their result for immersions. Let be the smallest integer such that any tournament on at least vertices must contain a 1‐immersion of a transitive tournament on vertices. We show that , which is clearly tight up to a multiplicative factor. If one insists on finding an immersion of a complete directed graph on vertices, then an extra condition on the tournament is necessary. Indeed, we show that every tournament with minimum out‐degree at least must contain a 2‐immersion of a complete digraph on vertices. This is again tight up to the value of and tight on the order of the paths in the immersion.
Statistical Inference for Counting Processes Under Shape Heterogeneity
Authors: Sheng Ying , Sun Yifei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTProportional rate models are among the most popular methods for analyzing recurrent event data. Although providing a straightforward rate‐ratio interpretation of covariate effects, the proportional rate assumption implies that covariates do not modify the shape of the rate function. When the proportionality assumption fails to hold, we propose to characterize covariate effects on the rate function through two types of parameters: the shape parameters and the size parameters. The former allows the covariates to flexibly affect the shape of the rate function, and the latter retains the interpretability of covariate effects on the magnitude of the rate function. To overcome the challenges in simultaneously estimating the two sets of parameters, we propose a conditional pseudolikelihood approach to eliminate the size parameters in shape estimation, followed by an event count projection approach for size estimation. The proposed estimators are asymptotically normal with a root‐ convergence rate. Simulation studies and an analysis of recurrent hospitalizations using SEER‐Medicare data are conducted to illustrate the proposed methods.
A Computational Approach: Predicting iNOS Inhibition of Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment Through QSAR Modeling
Authors: Mariwan Ahmed Shkar , Tugcu Gulcin , Köksal Meric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article presents the development of a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) model for predicting the inhibitory activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by specific compounds used in Alzheimer's disease treatment. iNOS is a vital enzyme involved in nitric oxide (NO) production, contributing to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. The QSAR model was developed using a dataset of 90 compounds with known iNOS inhibition activity. Molecular descriptors representing the compounds’ structural and physicochemical properties were calculated and employed as input variables. Five descriptors (MATS6p, Chi1_EA(dm), Mor17 s, NsssCH, and SHED_AL) were selected as optimal for developing the classification model. The Random Forest algorithm was chosen as the classifier, implemented using WEKA software. The model underwent rigorous internal and external validation to assess its performance. The resulting QSAR model exhibited outstanding predictive capabilities with an overall accuracy of 88.8 %, a high correlation coefficient, and minimal prediction errors. It effectively forecasts iNOS inhibition activity of the chosen compounds, offering valuable insights for potential Alzheimer's disease treatments. This model significantly contributes to drug discovery, providing a rapid and cost‐effective means of screening and prioritizing compounds with iNOS inhibitory potential.
Investigating the Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of 4‐Bromobenzoic Acid Hydrazone‐Schiff Bases: In Vitro, Molecular Structure and Docking Studies
Authors: Alam Faima , Ismail Muhammad , Kamal Masroor , Ur Rahman Fayaz , Alam Aftab , AlAsmari Abdullah F. , Alasmari Fawaz , Khan Momin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFourteen hydrazone‐Schiff base derivatives bearing 4‐bromobenzoic acid have been successfully synthesized, characterized by means of 1H‐NMR and EI‐MS spectrometry and finally evaluated for in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Among the series, five compounds 2 g, 2 k, 2 d, 2 c, and 2 n attributed potent tyrosinase inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from (IC50=6.07±0.40 μM) to (IC50=13.15±0.09 μM) surpassing the standard drug kojic acid (IC50=16.9±1.30 μM). Furthermore, the remaining compounds demonstrated significant to less inhibition. The density functional theory (DFT) study was performed to investigate various electronic properties such as geometry optimization, global reactivity parameter, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), molecular electrostatic potential map (MEPM), theoretical 1H‐NMR chemical shift, and nonlinear optical properties (NLO). Theoretical study shows good agreement with experimental study and NLO analysis suggest that the targeted compounds are good candidates with nonlinear optics. Furthermore, the docking studies were executed on the synthesized derivatives in order to explain the binding interface of compounds with the active sites of tyrosinase enzyme. The potent compounds observed in the current work may lead them promising candidates for future drug development.
Antitrypanosomal Potential of Chalcone‐Based Ursolic Acid Derivatives via Ligand‐Based Virtual Screening, DMPK Analyses, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and MM/GBSA Binding Energy
Authors: Nunes João Victor Serra , da Rocha Matheus Nunes , de de Oliveira Victor Moreira , Roberto Caio Henrique Alexandre , dos Santos Hélcio Silva , Marinho Emmanuel Silva , Marinho Márcia Machado , Martins Alice Maria Costa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted mainly by triatomine insects, represents a significant challenge to public health, especially in impoverished regions. Current treatments, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, have limitations, including serious side effects and reduced efficacy in the chronic phase. This work aims to evaluate the antitrypanosomal activity of ursolic acid‐derived chalcones (UACD) using a ligand‐based virtual screening approach. To this end, a series of independent molecular docking simulations were carried out (via AutoDock Vina code) with the parasite proliferation cycle enzymes TcGAPDH and cruzain. The most favorable candidates underwent drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to estimate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. Molecular docking simulations showed that the UACD derivatives showed better specificity for the TcGAPDH enzyme, emphasizing the ursolic acid and UACD3 derivatives (affinity energy = −9.4 kcal/mol for each). The DMPK prediction showed that the derivatives present viable apparent permeability (Papp) that promotes an excellent absorbed fraction (in 10⁻⁶ cm/s). MD simulations showed that the UACD3 derivative showed better free energy when binding to the TcGAPDH enzyme (−13.27 ± 1.87 kcal/mol) and interacting with the active site residues Cys166 and Thr167. However, both ligands appear to be alternative therapies in treating Chagas disease.
Sowing Clean‐Release Salt Catalyst for the Synthesis of Contamination‐Free Single‐walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Wang Xiuxia , Yu Yi , Li Jianan , Zhang Xinyu , Zhu Linxi , Lin Sizhe , Gao Jin , Du Ran , Lin Dewu , Hu Yue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHorizontal arrays of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown immense potential for application in emerging devices due to their excellent electrical and thermal properties. The direct growth of SWCNT arrays using high‐activity metal catalysts is one of the promising methods to approach the mass production of dense SWCNT arrays. However, an inevitable obstacle lies in the post‐purification of metal residual. Herein, a sowing strategy to prepare size‐tunable potassium chloride (KCl) catalysts for the efficient growth of the SWCNT array with a density of 10 tubes per micron is reported. Through a controllable etching process, numerous surface defects (e.g., vacancies and kinks) are uniformly generated on the substrate as seed pit‐like sites for the accommodation and anchoring of catalysts. The well‐distributed KCl catalysts with a homogeneous size of ≈1.4 nm enable the growth of ≈1.3 nm SWCNTs through a vapor‐liquid‐solid mechanism. Importantly, 94 at.% KCl catalysts can be dramatically removed through a simple water‐washing process, thus leaving contamination‐free SWCNT arrays behind. Interestingly, 85% of nanotubes show metallic properties, which is demonstrated by the combination of electrical characterization and the multi‐laser Raman spectroscopy. This sowing strategy contributes to the direct growth of uncontaminated high‐density SWCNT arrays.
Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using In‐Situ Polymerized Gold Nanocluster Assemblies
Authors: Bera Debkumar , Mahata Sukhendu , Biswas Maitrayee , Kumari Komal , Rakshit Surajit , Nonappa  , Ghosh Srabanti , Goswami Nirmal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles (NPs) are widely recognized as co‐catalysts in semiconductor photocatalysis for enhancing hydrogen production efficiency, but they are often overlooked as primary catalysts due to the rapid recombination of excited‐state electrons. This study presents an innovative gold‐based photocatalyst design utilizing an in situ dopamine polymerization‐guided assembly approach for efficient H2 generation via water splitting. By employing gold superclusters (AuSCs; ≈100 nm) instead of ultra‐small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs; ≈2 nm) before polymerization, unique nanodisk‐like 3D superstructures consisting of agglomerated 2D polydopamine (PDA) nanosheets with a high percentage of uniformly embedded AuNCs are created that exhibit enhanced metallic character post‐polymerization. The thin PDA layer between adjacent AuNCs functions as an efficient electron transport medium, directing excited‐state electrons toward the surface and minimizing recombination. Notably, the AuSCs@PDA structure shows the largest potential difference (26.0 mV) compared to AuSCs (≈18.4 mV) and PDA NPs (≈14.6 mV), indicating a higher population of accumulated photo‐generated carriers. As a result, AuSCs@PDA achieves a higher photocurrent density, improved photostability, and lower charge transfer resistance than PDA NPs, AuSCs, or AuNCs@PDA, with the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 3.20 mmol g−1 h−1. This work highlights a promising in situ polymerization strategy for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen generation with metal nanoclusters.
Exploring Ion Transmission Mechanisms in Clay‐Based 2D Nanofluidics for Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Shiwen , Tang Jiadong , Liu Bing , Xia Lingzhi , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Wang Hao , Zheng Zilong , Zhang Qianqian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClay‐based 2D nanofluidics present a promising avenue for osmotic energy harvesting due to their low cost and straightforward large‐scale preparation. However, a comprehensive understanding of ion transport mechanisms, and horizontal and vertical transmission, remains incomplete. By employing a multiscale approach in combination of first‐principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, the issue of how transmission directions impact on the clay‐based 2D nanofluidics on osmotic energy conversion is addressed. It is indicated that the selective and rapid hopping transport of cations in clay‐based 2D nanofluidics is facilitated by the electrostatic field within charged nanochannels. Furthermore, horizontally transported nanofluidics exhibited stronger ion fluxes, higher ion transport efficiencies, and lower transmembrane energy barriers compared to vertically transported ones. Therefore, adjusting the ion transport pathways between artificial seawater and river water resulted in an increase in osmotic power output from 2.8 to 5.3 W m−2, surpassing the commercial benchmark (5 W m−2). This work enhanced the understanding of ion transport pathways in clay‐based 2D nanofluidics, advancing the practical applications of osmotic energy harvesting.
A Multifunctional MXene/PVA Hydrogel as a Continuous Ionic Thermoelectric Generator and a Strain/Temperature Sensor
Authors: Ji Dezhuang , Li Baosong , Zhang Dawei , Raj Balamurugan Thirumal , Rezeq Moh'd , Cantwell Wesley , Zheng Lianxi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research reports a continuous output ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) system based on MXene/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) hydrogel, by utilizing thermo‐diffusion of Cu2+ and Cl− ions and the redox reaction involving Cu/Cu2+ at the electrode interfaces. The thermopower of the i‐TE system can be independently tuned to a value of −3.13 mVK−1 by adjusting the ion diffusivity via MXene (Ti3C2Tx). The i‐TE system demonstrates a rapid response time of less than 100 s, outperforming any other polyelectrolyte‐based system. Crucially, the i‐TE system achieves continuous current output when equipped with copper electrodes, facilitated by the redox reaction involving Cu/Cu2+, and maintains stable long‐term outputs across a range of resistances from 1 kΩ to 1 MΩ. A three‐serial‐connected i‐TE module demonstrates an output voltage of 26 mV with 6 °C temperature difference, confirming the feasibility of creating an array of i‐TE devices for substantial energy output. Beyond energy harvesting, the MXene/PVA hydrogel serves as multifunctional strain/temperature sensors, capable of detecting mechanical strains via the piezoresistive effect and locating finger contact points via the ionic thermoelectric effect.
Civil Society and Elites in Italy
Authors: Santilli Cecilia , Scaramuzzino Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the elite structure of Italian civil society, tracing its historical roots in the Catholic Church and socialist movements, and how it mirrors broader national elite patterns and societal inequalities. It tracks the third sector’s development from its political party origins to its expansion and institutionalisation in the 1990s, following the collapse of the post-war system. The analysis covers the sector’s evolving relationship with the state, from fragmented pluralism to a “golden age” of institutionalisation, followed by de-institutionalisation and then the recent re-institutionalisation marked by the 2017 reform. Current challenges include public mistrust, the rise of new conservative actors, and conflicts with populist governments over shrinking civic space. Insights are provided into the formation of the third-sector elite, its characteristics, and the societal forces shaping its role. The chapter explores how political developments, especially the rise of populist actors, have impacted upon state–civil society relations and the third-sector elite, and how this has led to de-legitimation processes and power shifts within the civic sphere. It underscores the interdependence between civil society’s leadership and the broader Italian elite, reflecting broader societal dynamics and shifts.
The Organisational Landscape
Authors: Santilli Cecilia , Scaramuzzino Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the organisational landscape of elite civil society organisations in Italy at the national level, revealing a clear hierarchical structure dominated by a few top-tier organisations. These elite CSOs control the majority of resources and are primarily engaged in service provision, solidarity efforts, volunteering, and international aid, reflecting the broader orientation of the civil society sector. Two longstanding, broad-spectrum organisations stand out due to their historical significance, ideological roots, decision-making roles, public funding, and involvement in policy consultation. The next tier down includes influential networks representing the sector, major associations with national reach, Catholic service-oriented groups, and international organisations. A larger and more diverse group of CSOs focuses on narrower policy areas such as human rights, disability, international aid, solidarity/volunteering, and Catholic values, combining both service and advocacy roles. The ideological divide between Catholic and secular leftist groups remains prominent, echoing historical societal divisions. Elite organisations engage with various policy domains, integrating service provision with efforts towards systemic change. Their accumulation of economic and political resources creates a stratified organisational landscape, characterised by a distinct hierarchy.
Biomarkers of systemic treatment response: MR images of intratumoral fat deposition in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) after chemotherapy
Authors: Morawska Irmina , Pasicz Katarzyna , Cieszanowski Andrzej 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Colorectal cancer cells containing mobile lipids are said to be an early indicator of chemotherapy effects. The objective of the study was to examine the frequency and clinical relevance of intratumoral fat deposition in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) post-chemotherapy using dual-echo chemical shift gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 98 patients with CRLM diagnosed between 2017 and 2022 (69 M, mean age 62.87 ± 10.73 years old) who had an MRI after chemotherapy was performed. On dual-echo chemical shift gradient-echo MRI, intratumoral fat deposition of CRLM was evaluated. A signal intensity drop of ≥ 12% in opposed-phase images vs. in-phase images indicated intratumoral fat. After chemotherapy, the presence of fat deposition was correlated with patients’ overall survival.

Results
Before and after chemotherapy, 0 (0%) and 29 (29.59%) patients exhibited intratumoral fat. The number of CRLM ranged from 1 to 25 with a median of 3 and a mean size of 32.58 ± 22.95 mm. The groups had statistically different survival times. Overall survival was shorter for patients with intratumoral fat deposition in CRLM (32 months (24–60, 95% CI)) than for patients without fat deposition in CRLM (48 months (36–NA, 95% CI)).

Conclusion
In our group, nearly 30% of CRLM patients exhibited intratumoral fat after chemotherapy. Patients with intratumoral fat deposition in CRLM have a shorter overall survival time. The presence of fat in CRLM correlates with a poor long-term prognosis.
Zur gesellschaftlichen Abwehr von Vernichtungsängsten
Authors: Degel Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Am Beispiel einer Jugendhilfeorganisation wird dargestellt, wie psychoanalytische Methoden und Theorien auch außerhalb des klinischen Settings angewendet werden können. Omnipotenzfantasien und primitive Ängste vor Vernichtung bei Mitarbeiter*innen sind nicht nur Ausdruck individueller oder gruppendynamischer Prozesse, sondern psychosozial induziert, das heißt aus einem Zusammenspiel aus individuellem Unbewussten, Gruppenprozessen, der zu verrichtenden Arbeit mit schwer bedürftigen Klient*innen, der Organisation sowie dem sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Kontext. Diese Perspektivierung ermöglicht zusammen mit szenischem Erleben das Herausarbeiten einer zentralen szenischen Figuration mit zwei Elementen: dem omnipotent-destruktiven „Hilfsengel“ und dem „Abschaum“. Diese Figuren schützen die Sozialarbeiter*innen nicht nur vor dem Erleben eigener primitiver Ängste, sondern führen auch zu einem Nicht-wissen-Wollen und Nicht-hinschauen-Wollen (−K), wodurch die Gefahr besteht, Klient*innen und Kolleg*innen zu entindividualisieren und ein empathisches Einfühlen zu erschweren. Auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene sind diese szenischen Figuren Teil eines „Hilfsengel-Abschaum-Phantasmas“. Dieses verhindert ein Erleben der ungeheuren (und vielleicht unerträglichen) Destruktivität, die unserer Kultur innewohnt und deren Teil wir sind, indem wir selbst „Abschaum“ produzieren. Die Institution der Sozialen Arbeit hilft dabei, diesen Gedanken nicht denken und erleben zu müssen.
Technical challenges and outcomes of stereotactic biopsies in the posterior fossa: Experience with ZD-inomed and leksell vantage frames
Authors: Prilop Insa , Sobottka Stephan B. , Buszello Clara , Eyüpoglu Ilker Y. , Polanski Witold H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Stereotactic brain biopsies are essential for obtaining tissue samples from brain lesions, crucial for comprehensive histological analysis and subsequent adjuvant therapies. While most biopsies target supratentorial lesions, those involving the posterior fossa are less frequent but pose significant technical and surgical challenges, necessitating careful patient management.

Methods
We present our experience with stereotactic biopsies of the posterior fossa using the Leksell Vantage frame (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) and the ZD Inomed frame (Inomed Medizintechnik GmbH, Emmendingen, Germany). For the ZD frame, we either mounted it upside down or employed a frontal approach, while for the Leksell Vantage frame, we utilized a reverse x-axis orientation. Planning was based on 3-T MRI scans and preoperative MRI merged with stereotactic CT for coordinate generation.

Results
From 2006 to 2023, we performed 25 stereotactic biopsies of the posterior fossa in our department—9 with the ZD Inomed frame and 16 with the Leksell Vantage frame. The cohort included 14 male and 11 female patients, with an average age of 60.6 years (range 36—80 years). The average surgery duration was shorter with the Leksell Vantage frame (32.6 min vs. 44.8 min, p = 0.05). The average length of the planned trajectory was 41.7 mm for the Leksell Vantage frame and 52.2 mm for the ZD Inomed frame. Postoperativ bleeding occurred in two cases—one managed conservatively, the other required surgical intervention. Additionally, two other cases presented new postoperative focal neurological deficit. The overall mortality rate was 34.8% and a 40-day postoperative mortality rate of 13.0%.

Conclusion
Our experience demonstrates that stereotactic biopsies of lesions in the posterior fossa can be effectively managed with different frame systems, though they present a higher degree of complexity. Notably, the Leksell Vantage frame was associated with a significantly shorter surgery duration. This technical note provides valuable insights and detailed technical guidance for neurosurgeons facing similar challenges.