bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hospital based study on clinico microbiological profile of neonatal septicemia
Authors: Ghosh Sumana , Basu Gandhari 
Published: March 2018

Background: Globally, neonatal septicaemia is one of the common causes of neonatal death making it a grave problem. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment is crucial for managing this burning issue.Aims and Objectives: Early detection of neonatal septicaemia along with its infective etiological agent(s) and assessment of antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.Materials and Methods: After getting approval from institutional ethics committee, an institution based observational, epidemiological study was conducted in ninety two neonates, clinically suspected for sepsis, admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were included in the study. Written consent was obtained from their guardian. Blood was drawn from the neonates for estimating routine parameters and cultured for isolation of causative agents using standard protocol. Isolates were identified by staining and biochemical parameters.Results: The present study had 92 neonates, out of which 53 were male and 39 were female. Bad obstetric history (BOH) was present in 23 mothers. Low to very low birth weight was seen in more than two thirds culture positive neonates. All neonates (100%) had poor cry, sucking and reflex problems. 51(55.43%) were culture positive of which bacterial pathogens was detected in 27(52.94%) and fungal agents in 24 (47.05%) cases. Bacterial sepsis was predominantly caused by different gram negative organisms (66.66%). Klebsiella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were the principal isolates. Candida was the commonest fungus reported. Klebsiella isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime and amikacin while Staph. epidermidis isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin clavulinic acid.Conclusion: This study was of immense help to the clinicians to minimise the neonatal mortality rate by early detection of causative agents and formulation of effective treatment.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(2) 2018 25-30
Keyhole retrosigmoid approach for large vestibular schwannomas: strategies to improve outcomes
Authors: Hoshide Reid , Faulkner Harrison , Teo Mario , Teo Charles 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThere are numerous treatment strategies in the management for large vestibular schwannomas, including resection only, staged resections, resections followed by radiosurgery, and radiosurgery only. Recent evidence has pointed toward maximal resection as being the optimum strategy to prevent tumor recurrence; however, durable tumor control through aggressive resection has been shown to occur at the expense of facial nerve function and to risk other approach-related complications. Through a retrospective analysis of their single-institution series of keyhole neurosurgical approaches for large vestibular schwannomas, the authors aim to report and justify key techniques to maximize tumor resection and reduce surgical morbidity.METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed at the Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery. All patients who had undergone a keyhole retrosigmoid approach for the resection of large vestibular schwannomas, defined as having a tumor diameter of ≥ 3.0 cm, were included in this review. Patient demographics, preoperative cranial nerve status, perioperative data, and postoperative follow-up were obtained. A review of the literature for resections of large vestibular schwannomas was also performed. The authors’ institutional data were compared with the historical data from the literature.RESULTSBetween 2004 and 2017, 45 patients met the inclusion criteria for this retrospective chart review. When compared with findings in a historical cohort in the literature, the authors’ minimally invasive, keyhole retrosigmoid technique for the resection of large vestibular schwannomas achieved higher rates of gross-total or near-total resection (100% vs 83%). Moreover, these results compare favorably with the literature in facial nerve preservation (House-Brackmann I–II) at follow-up after gross-total resections (81% vs 47%, p < 0.001) and near-total resections (88% vs 75%, p = 0.028). There were no approach-related complications in this series.CONCLUSIONSIt is the experience of the senior author that complete or near-complete resection of large vestibular schwannomas can be successfully achieved via a keyhole approach. In this series of 45 large vestibular schwannomas, a greater extent of resection was achieved while demonstrating high rates of facial nerve preservation and low approach-related and postoperative complications compared with the literature.
Use of a flexible hollow-core carbon dioxide laser for microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas
Authors: Schwartz Marc S. , Lekovic Gregory P. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThe CO2 laser has been used on an intermittent basis in the microsurgical resection of brain tumors for decades. These lasers were typically cumbersome to use due to the need for a large, bulky design since infrared light cannot be transmitted via fiber-optic cables. Development of the OmniGuide cable, which is hollow and lined with an omnidirectional dielectric mirror, has facilitated the reintroduction of the CO2 laser in surgical use in a number of fields. This device allows for handheld use of the CO2 laser in a much more ergonomically favorable configuration, holding promise for microneurosurgical applications. This device was introduced into the authors’ practice for use in the microsurgical resection of skull base tumors, including vestibular schwannomas.METHODSThe authors reviewed the initial 41 vestibular schwannomas that were treated using the OmniGuide CO2 laser during an 8-month period from March 2010 to October 2010. The laser was used for all large tumors, and select medium-sized tumors were treated via both the translabyrinthine and retrosigmoid approaches. The estimated time of tumor resection and estimated blood loss were obtained from operating room records. Data regarding complications, facial nerve and hearing outcomes, and further treatment were collected from hospital and clinic records, MRI reports, and direct review of MR images. Time of resection and blood loss were compared to a control group (n = 18) who underwent surgery just prior to use of the laser.RESULTSA total of 41 patients with vestibular schwannomas were surgically treated. The median estimated time of tumor resection was 150 minutes, and the median estimated blood loss was 300 ml. The only operative complication was 1 CSF leak. Thirty-eight patients had normal facial nerve function at late follow-up. The median MRI follow-up was 52 months, and, during that time, only 1 patient required further treatment for regrowth of a residual tumor.CONCLUSIONSThe OmniGuide CO2 laser is a useful adjunct in the resection of large vestibular schwannomas. This device was used primarily as a cutting tool rather than for tumor vaporization, and it was found to be of most use for very large and/or firm tumors. There were no laser-associated complications, and the results compared favorably to earlier reports of vestibular schwannoma resection.
Endoscope-assisted middle fossa craniotomy for resection of inferior vestibular nerve schwannoma extending lateral to transverse crest
Authors: Master Adam N. , Roberts Daniel S. , Wilkinson Eric P. , Slattery William H. , Lekovic Gregory P. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThe authors describe their results using an endoscope as an adjunct to microsurgical resection of inferior vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with extension into the fundus of the internal auditory canal below the transverse crest.METHODSAll patients who had undergone middle fossa craniotomy for VSs performed by the senior author between September 2014 and August 2016 were prospectively enrolled in accordance with IRB policies, and the charts of patients undergoing surgery for inferior vestibular nerve tumors, as determined either on preoperative imaging or as intraoperative findings, were retrospectively reviewed. Age prior to surgery, side of surgery, tumor size, preoperative and postoperative pure-tone average, and speech discrimination scores were recorded. The presence of early and late facial paralysis, nerve of tumor origin, and extent of resection were also recorded.RESULTSSix patients (all women; age range 40–65 years, mean age 57 years) met these criteria during the study period. Five of the 6 patients underwent gross-total resection; 1 patient underwent a near-total resection because of a small amount of tumor that adhered to the facial nerve. Gross-total resection was facilitated using the operative endoscope in 2 patients (33%) who were found to have additional tumor visible only through the endoscope. All patients had a House-Brackmann facial nerve grade of II or better in the immediate postoperative period. Serviceable hearing (American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery class A or B) was preserved in 3 of the 6 patients.CONCLUSIONSEndoscope-assisted middle fossa craniotomy for resection of inferior vestibular nerve schwannomas with extension beyond the transverse crest is safe, and hearing preservation is feasible.
A Dwarf Planet Class Object in the 21:5 Resonance with Neptune
Authors: Holman Matthew J. , Payne Matthew J. , Fraser Wesley , Lacerda Pedro , Bannister Michele T. , Lackner Michael , Chen 陳 Ying-Tung 英同 , Lin 林 Hsing Wen 省文 , Smith Kenneth W. , Kokotanekova Rosita , Young David , Chambers K. , Chastel S. , Denneau L. , Fitzsimmons A. , Flewelling H. , Grav Tommy , Huber M. , Induni Nick , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Krolewski Alex , Jedicke R. , Kaiser N. , Lilly E. , Magnier E. , Mark Zachary , Meech K. J. , Micheli M. , Murray Daniel , Parker Alex , Protopapas Pavlos , Ragozzine Darin , Veres Peter , Wainscoat R. , Waters C. , Weryk R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of an H

r
= 3.4 ± 0.1 dwarf planet candidate by the Pan-STARRS Outer Solar System Survey. 2010 JO179 is red with (g − r) = 0.88 ± 0.21, roughly round, and slowly rotating, with a period of 30.6 hr. Estimates of its albedo imply a diameter of 600–900 km. Observations sampling the span between 2005 and 2016 provide an exceptionally well determined orbit for 2010 JO179, with a semimajor axis of 78.307 ± 0.009 au; distant orbits known to this precision are rare. We find that 2010 JO179 librates securely within the 21:5 mean-motion resonance with Neptune on 100 Myr timescales, joining the small but growing set of known distant dwarf planets on metastable resonant orbits. These imply a substantial trans-Neptunian population that shifts between stability in high-order resonances, the detached population, and the eroding population of the scattering disk.
Super-solar Metallicity Stars in the Galactic Center Nuclear Star Cluster: Unusual Sc, V, and Y Abundances
Authors: Do Tuan , Kerzendorf Wolfgang , Konopacky Quinn , Marcinik Joseph M. , Ghez Andrea , Lu Jessica R. , Morris Mark R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present adaptive-optics assisted near-infrared high-spectral-resolution observations of late-type giants in the nuclear star cluster of the Milky Way. The metallicity and elemental abundance measurements of these stars offer us an opportunity to understand the formation and evolution of the nuclear star cluster. In addition, their proximity to the supermassive black hole (∼0.5 pc) offers a unique probe of the star formation and chemical enrichment in this extreme environment. We observed two stars identified by medium spectral-resolution observations as potentially having very high metallicities. We use spectral-template fitting with the PHOENIX grid and Bayesian inference to simultaneously constrain the overall metallicity, [M/H], alpha-element abundance [α/Fe], effective temperature, and surface gravity of these stars. We find that one of the stars has very high metallicity ([M/H] > 0.6) and the other is slightly above solar metallicity. Both Galactic center stars have lines from scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), and yttrium (Y) that are much stronger than allowed by the PHOENIX grid. We find, using the spectral synthesis code Spectroscopy Made Easy, that [Sc/Fe] may be an order of magnitude above solar. For comparison, we also observed an empirical calibrator in NGC 6791, the highest metallicity cluster known ([M/H] ∼ 0.4). Most lines are well matched between the calibrator and the Galactic center stars, except for Sc, V, and Y, which confirms that their abundances must be anomalously high in these stars. These unusual abundances, which may be a unique signature of nuclear star clusters, offer an opportunity to test models of chemical enrichment in this region.
Dynamo Induced by Time-periodic Force
Authors: Wei Xing 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
To understand the dynamo driven by time-dependent flow, e.g., turbulence, we investigate numerically the dynamo induced by time-periodic force in rotating magnetohydrodynamic flow and focus on the effect of force frequency on the dynamo action. It is found that the dynamo action depends on the force frequency. When the force frequency is near resonance the force can drive dynamo, but when it is far away from resonance dynamo fails. In the frequency range near resonance to support dynamo, the force frequency at resonance induces a weak magnetic field and magnetic energy increases as the force frequency deviates from the resonant frequency. This is opposite to the intuition that a strong flow at resonance will induce a strong field. It is because magnetic field nonlinearly couples with fluid flow in the self-sustained dynamo and changes the resonance of driving force and inertial wave.
NICER Observes the Effects of an X-Ray Burst on the Accretion Environment in Aql X-1
Authors: Keek L. , Arzoumanian Z. , Bult P. , Cackett E. M. , Chakrabarty D. , Chenevez J. , Fabian A. C. , Gendreau K. C. , Guillot S. , Güver T. , Homan J. , Jaisawal G. K. , Lamb F. K. , Ludlam R. M. , Mahmoodifar S. , Markwardt C. B. , Miller J. M. , Prigozhin G. , Soong Y. , Strohmayer T. E. , Wolff M. T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Accretion disks around neutron stars regularly undergo sudden strong irradiation by Type-I X-ray bursts powered by unstable thermonuclear burning on the stellar surface. We investigate the impact on the disk during one of the first X-ray burst observations with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) on the International Space Station. The burst is seen from Aql X-1 during the hard spectral state. In addition to thermal emission from the neutron star, the burst spectrum exhibits an excess of soft X-ray photons below 1 keV, where NICER’s sensitivity peaks. We interpret the excess as a combination of reprocessing by the strongly photoionized disk and enhancement of the pre-burst persistent flux, possibly due to Poynting–Robertson drag or coronal reprocessing. This is the first such detection for a short sub-Eddington burst. As these bursts are observed frequently, NICER will be able to study how X-ray bursts affect the disk and corona for a range of accreting neutron star systems and disk states.
Renal Remission Status and Longterm Renal Survival in Patients with Lupus Nephritis: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Davidson Julie E. , Fu Qinggong , Ji Beulah , Rao Sapna , Roth David , Magder Laurence S. , Petri Michelle 
Published: March 2018

Objective.This observational study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected Hopkins Lupus Cohort data to compare longterm renal survival in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) who achieved complete (CR), partial (PR), or no remission following standard-of-care LN induction therapy.Methods.Eligible patients with biopsy-proven LN (revised American College of Rheumatology or Systemic Lupus Collaborating Clinics criteria) were identified and categorized into ordinal (CR, PR, or no remission) or binary (response or no response) renal remission categories at 24 months post-diagnosis [modified Aspreva Lupus Management Study (mALMS) and modified Belimumab International Lupus Nephritis Study (mBLISS-LN) criteria]. The primary endpoint was longterm renal survival [without endstage renal disease (ESRD) or death].Results.In total, 176 patients met the inclusion criteria. At Month 24 postbiopsy, more patients met mALMS remission criteria (CR = 59.1%, PR = 30.1%) than mBLISS-LN criteria (CR = 40.9%, PR = 16.5%). During subsequent followup, 18 patients developed ESRD or died. Kaplan–Meier plots suggested patients with no remission at Month 24 were more likely than those with PR or CR to develop the outcome using either mALMS (p = 0.0038) and mBLISS-LN (p = 0.0097) criteria for remission. Based on Cox regression models adjusted for key confounders, those in CR according to the mBLISS-LN (HR 0.254, 95% CI 0.082–0.787; p = 0.0176) and mALMS criteria (HR 0.228, 95% CI 0.063–0.828; p = 0.0246) were significantly less likely to experience ESRD/mortality than those not in remission.Conclusion.Renal remission status at 24 months following LN diagnosis is a significant predictor of longterm renal survival, and a clinically relevant endpoint.
L'autre, le semblable, le différent...
Authors: Munnich Arnold 
Published: March 2018

L’autisme, le syndrome d’Asperger et les troubles envahissants du développement non spécifiés sont regroupés sous l’appellation de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA). Dans les années 1980-2000, les études de jumeaux et les études familiales ont apporté des arguments à l’appui du rôle de facteurs génétiques et héréditaires dans l’autisme. Toutefois, le flou qui entoure les contours phénotypiques et l’importante hétérogénéité étiologique constituent autant d’obstacles pour identifier ces facteurs. Actuellement, des anomalies chromosomiques et des mutations intragéniques sont retrouvées dans environ 20-25 % des cas. La CGH-array constitue une avancée technique importante dans l’investigation de ces anomalies chez ces sujets en permettant une approche globale du génome avec un seuil de résolution 50 à 100 fois supérieur à celui du caryotype. Le développement des techniques d’analyse du génome à haut débit, tant au niveau structural (génotypage, séquençage) qu’au niveau fonctionnel (transcriptome, protéome, méthylome), est prometteur mais génère une quantité importante d’informations qui nécessitent de nombreuses analyses bio-informatiques, bio-statistiques et d’interprétation des données.
L'autre, le semblable, le différent...
Authors: Heudin Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2018

Cet article envisage l’hypothèse souvent évoquée d’une évolution des êtres humains vers les cyborgs. Un cyborg, ou organisme cybernétique, est une créature hybride composée de parties organiques et cybernétiques. Nous soutenons qu’à l’inverse de la vision caricaturale d’une robotisation de l’homme, le post-humain sera un être humain comme vous et moi, mais probablement « augmenté » grâce aux avancées conjointes des cybertechnologies, des biotechnologies et des nanotechnologies.
Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of <i>Entada leptostachya</i> and <i>Prosopis juliflora</i> extracts
Authors: Ruto Mercy C. , Ngugi Christine M. , Kareru Patrick G. , Cheruiyot Kipyegon , Rechab Sylvester O. , Madivoli Edwin S. , Mutembei Jackson K. , Kairigo Pius K. , Maina Ernest G. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Natural phytoconstituents produced by plants for their sustenance have been reported to reduce disease.Objectives: This study determined the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extracts of Entada leptostachya and Prosopis juliflora extracts.Methodology: Antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and β-carotene assays; the total phenolic and flavonoid were estimated using Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride, whereas antimicrobial activity was determined using the zone of inhibition method.Results: Screening of the extracts revealed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and phenols. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the extracts revealed presence of hydrogen bonded –OH functional group. E. leptostachya barks had the highest antioxidant activity followed by P. juliflora roots, E. leptostachya roots and P. juliflora leaves [μg/mL]. Prosopis juliflora (roots) had the highest bleaching effect, whereas E. leptostachya (barks) had the lowest bleaching effect. The total flavonoids were determined to be 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/g, 1.18 ± 0.18 mg/g, 0.39 ± 0.05 mg/g and 0.64 ± 0.03 mg/g for E. leptostachya roots, E. leptostachya barks, P. juliflora leaves and P. juliflora roots extracts, respectively. The total phenols were determined to be 0.93 ± 0.18 mg/g, 2.69 ± 0.41 mg/g, 0.62 ± 0.08 mg/g and 0.62 ± 0.08 mg/g for E. leptostachya roots, E. leptostachya barks, P. juliflora roots and P. juliflora leaves extracts. All plant extracts exhibited moderate activity against the growth of selected microorganisms.Conclusion: Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the two plants was as a result of secondary metabolites found in the crude extracts.
Prevajanje Ko Unove poezije iz korejščine v slovenščino
Authors: VUČKOVIČ Eva , KANG Byoung Yoong 
Published: March 2018

Pišem v zrak je zbirka pesmi korejskega pesnika Ko Una, ki je bila avgusta lani prevedena v slovenščino. Zbirka zajema izbrane pesmi, ki jih je pesnik napisal v zadnjih petnajstih letih. Ko Unova poezija je na videz enostavna, a pesmi pogosto vsebujejo skrita sporočila, ki jih avtor želi predati bralcu. Pesmi se dotikajo različnih tem, med njimi najdemo pesmi o naravi, budistične pesmi, pesmi, ki namigujejo na politično situacijo v sodobni korejski družbi, kritiko sodobnega človeka itd. Oblikovanje pesmi kaže na to, da jih Ko Un ne želi postavljati znotraj forme. Verz je svoboden, zdi se tudi, da pesnik ponekod načrtno prelomi verz na dve vrstici, to naredi ravno zato, da kljubuje normam poezije. Zapletene metafore, prepletanje tradicionalnega in sodobnega jezika ter besedne igre so bolj pomembni kot sama oblika pesmi. Nemogoče je našteti vse težave, na katere smo naleteli med prevajanjem zbirke, saj bi morali analizirati vsako pesem posebej, zato smo v tem članku obravnavali le najbolj očitne in največje probleme, ki smo jih imeli pri prevajanju poezije iz korejščine v slovenščino. Večina jih je nastala zaradi strukturnih razlik med korejskim in slovenskim jezikom, veliko pa jih je nastalo tudi zaradi besedišča in kulturnih razlik. Večkrat smo se spraševali, koliko svobode imamo kot prevajalci in do kolikšne mere lahko pesem spremenimo in hkrati obdržimo vse namige, ki jih je pesnik poskušal prenesti bralcu.
Evolution and Current Status of Arthroscopic Surgery in India
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Cheema Udai , Rajan David , Chouhan Devendra K 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Arthroscopic surgeries are worldwide accepted modality to surgically treat the intraarticular injuries and ailment. The introduction and evolution of the same in our country was little late; however, an exponential improvement was observed in last one decade. Specialized workshops, conferences, and courses are the main sources for the learning and upgradation of surgical skills in this field.

How to cite this article
Rajan D, Dhillon MS, Cheema U, Chouhan DK. Evolution and Current Status of Arthroscopic Surgery in India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2018;52(1):22-25.