bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic‐stratigraphic constraints on the age of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group, Faroe–Shetland region, Northeast Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Ólavsdóttir Jana , Stoker Martyn S. , Boldreel Lars O. , Andersen Morten Sparre , Eidesgaard Óluva R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLower Palaeogene extrusive igneous rocks of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG) dominate the Faroese continental margin, with flood basalts created at the time of breakup and separation from East Greenland extending eastwards into the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. This volcanic succession was emplaced in connection with the opening of the NE Atlantic; however, consensus on the age and duration of volcanism remains lacking. On the Faroe Islands, the FIBG comprises four main basaltic formations (the pre‐breakup Lopra and Beinisvørð formations, and the syn‐breakup Malinstindur and Enni formations) locally separated by thin intrabasaltic sedimentary and/or volcaniclastic units. Offshore, the distribution of these formations remains ambiguous. We examine the stratigraphic framework of these rocks on the Faroese continental margin combining onshore (published) outcrop information with offshore seismic‐reflection and well data. Our results indicate that on seismic‐reflection profiles, the FIBG can be informally divided into lower and upper seismic‐stratigraphic packages separated by the strongly reflective A‐horizon. The Lower FIBG comprises the Lopra and Beinisvørð formations; the upper FIBG includes the Malinstindur and Enni formations. The strongly reflecting A‐horizon is a consequence of the contrast in properties of the overlying Malinstindur and underlying Beinisvørð formations. Onshore, the A‐horizon is an erosional surface, locally cutting down into the Beinisvørð Formation; offshore, we have correlated the A‐horizon with the Flett unconformity, a highly incised, subaerial unconformity, within the juxtaposed and interbedded sedimentary fill of the Faroe‐Shetland Basin. We refer to this key regional boundary as the A‐horizon/Flett unconformity. The formation of this unconformity represents the transition from the pre‐breakup to the syn‐breakup phase of ocean margin development in the Faroe–Shetland region. We examine the wider implications of this correlation considering existing stratigraphic models for the FIBG, discussing potential sources of uncertainty in the correlation of the lower Palaeogene succession across the Faroe–Shetland region, and implications for the age and duration of the volcanism.
Bird collisions with power lines: Prioritizing species and areas by estimating potential population‐level impacts
Authors: D’Amico Marcello , Martins Ricardo C. , Álvarez‐Martínez Jose M. , Porto Miguel , Barrientos Rafael , Moreira Francisco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimPower lines can represent an important source of bird mortality through collision. The identification of more susceptible species, in terms of expected population‐level impacts, requires detailed biological and mortality information that is often difficult to obtain. Here, we propose a species prioritization method based on relatively easily accessed information, aimed to identify both species and areas with the potentially highest extinction risk due to collision with power lines.LocationAs a case study, we applied this method to the communities of resident breeding birds of Spain and Portugal.MethodsFor each considered species, the method takes into account the morpho‐behavioural susceptibility to collision with power lines, the susceptibility to extinction and the spatial exposure to collision with power lines.ResultsOur method highlighted that the most susceptible species were large, long‐lived and slow‐reproducing birds, often habitat specialists with hazardous behavioural traits (especially flight height and flocking flight), with high spatial exposure to collision risk with power lines and unfavourable conservation status. Based on the distribution ranges of these species, we produced a map of hotspots for extinction risk due to collision of such priority species for each country. These areas should be considered a priority for the implementation of mitigation measures including route planning and wire marking.Main conclusionsOverall, the proposed method can be applied to any bird community in any geographic area of the world where information on power‐line distribution and published information on species traits, distribution and conservation status is available, generating valuable lists of both priority species and areas in which collision risk with power lines can potentially produce local or even global extinctions.
Glycaemic control after treatment intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on two or more non‐insulin antidiabetic drugs in a real‐world setting
Authors: Canivell Silvia , Mata‐Cases Manel , Real Jordi , Franch‐Nadal Josep , Vlacho Bogdan , Khunti Kamlesh , Gratacòs Mònica , Mauricio Dídac 
Published: February 2019

AimTo assess glycaemic control after treatment intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on ≥2 non‐insulin antidiabetic drugs (NIADS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study, using electronic health records from the SIDIAP database (2010–2014), was conducted. Intensification was defined as the prescription of any new antidiabetic drug in patients treated with ≥2 NIADS and HbA1c >7%. The primary outcome was the absolute change in HbA1c 6–12 months after any intensification. Secondary analyses included the percentage of patients reaching HbA1c <7%, HbA1c <8%, and a reduction of HbA1c >1% after the first intensification.ResultsThere were 21 241 intensifications in 15 205 patients with a mean (SD) HbA1c of 9.02% (±1.35). Insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) were the most frequently added therapies. The mean baseline‐adjusted HbA1c reduction was 0.78% (95% CI, −0.80 to −0.76), varying from −0.69% with DPP4i to −0.85% with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists while the addition of insulin was associated with a reduction >1%.After the first intensification, 48.9% of patients achieved HbA1c <8%, 16.2% HbA1c <7%, and 43.1% a reduction >1%. High previous HbA1c was positively associated with the reduction of HbA1c >1% [odds ratio (OR) 2.13 (95% CI: 2.05–2.21)], but inversely associated with the attainment of HbA1c <7% [OR 0.64 (0.61–0.67)] or < 8% [OR 0.63 (0.60–0.65)]. Older age, male gender, higher Charlson index, and short diabetes duration were associated with achievement of HbA1c <7%.ConclusionsDespite intensification, most patients failed the glycaemic goal of HbA1c <7%. The reduction depended mainly on preintensification HbA1c values, with small differences between drugs.
Long‐term outcome of 84 horses with sacroiliac joint region pain with (n = 69) or without (n = 15) other orthopaedic problems
Authors: Nagy A. , Quiney L. , Dyson S. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe objective of this study was to establish the long‐term outcome of horses with sacroiliac joint region pain alone, and those with sacroiliac joint region pain in association with other problems, that were managed conservatively. Horses diagnosed with sacroiliac joint region pain using diagnostic analgesia, with or without other concurrent orthopaedic problems, between January 2010 and December 2015 were identified. Only those horses managed conservatively were included in the study. Clinical data were obtained from the horses’ files. Information on outcome and on the immediate rehabilitation following diagnosis was obtained from the owner or rider via a standardised telephone questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were performed and a Chi‐squared test was used to assess association between the outcome and variables on signalment, clinical parameters and variables related to rehabilitation. One hundred and seventy‐eight horses were identified as cases; the questionnaire was completed for 84 horses (47.2% response rate). Fourteen horses (16.7%) returned to full work (mean follow‐up: 233.4 weeks). Ten horses (11.9%) were still working at this level at the time of the telephone questionnaire, one horse deteriorated after 2 years and three within 9 months. Twenty‐seven horses (32.1%) returned to a lower level of work. Twenty‐nine horses (34.5%) were retired and 14 (16.7%) were subjected to euthanasia shortly after the diagnosis. The outcome was significantly associated with the estimated magnitude of contribution of SI joint region pain to the horse's problem (P = 0.03). No horses with sacroiliac joint region pain alone returned to their previous level of work. Chronic sacroiliac joint region pain, either alone or in combination with other orthopaedic conditions, carries a poor prognosis for returning to full athletic function and a guarded prognosis for returning to some form of athletic activity at a lower level.
Dissection of Merkel cell formation in hairy and glabrous skin reveals a common requirement for FGFR2‐mediated signalling
Authors: Nguyen Minh Binh , Valdes Victor Julian , Cohen Idan , Pothula Venu , Zhao Dejian , Zheng Deyou , Ezhkova Elena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMerkel cells are mechanosensory cells involved in tactile discrimination. Merkel cells have been primarily studied in the murine back skin, where they are found in specialized structures called touch domes located around primary hair follicles. Yet, little is known about the morphogenesis of Merkel cells in areas of the skin devoid of hair, such as the glabrous paw skin. Here, we describe Merkel cell formation in the glabrous paw skin during embryogenesis. We first found in the glabrous paw skin that Merkel cells were specified at E15.5, 24 hours later, compared to in the back skin. Additionally, by performing lineage‐tracing experiments, we found that unlike in the back skin, SOX9(+) cells do not give rise to Merkel cells in the glabrous paw skin. Finally, we compared the transcriptomes of Merkel cells in the back and the glabrous paw skin and showed that they are similar. Genetic and transcriptome studies showed that the formation of Merkel cells in both regions was controlled by similar regulators. Among them was FGFR2, an upstream factor of MAPK signalling that was reported to have a critical function in Merkel cell formation in the back skin. Here, we showed that FGFR2 is also required for Merkel cell development in the glabrous paw skin. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Merkel cells in the murine back skin and glabrous paw skin are similar, and even though their formation is controlled by a common genetic programme, their precursor cells might differ.
A framework for profitability evaluation of agroforestry‐based biofuel value chains: An application to pongamia in India
Authors: Dalemans Floris , Muys Bart , Maertens Miet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBiofuel production from oilseed trees in small‐scale agroforestry systems is considered as a strategy for energy security, rural development and ecosystem services provision in low‐income countries. However, the economic potential of these systems remains unclear, as profitability studies commonly ignore key methodological issues such as quantitative uncertainty analysis, full accounting for opportunity costs, and inclusion of all value chain actors. This study addresses these methodological shortcomings and develops a framework for quantifying the long‐term financial performance of agroforestry‐based biofuel value chains. The framework is applied to a case in South India, to calculate profitability of pongamia (Millettia pinnata) cultivation and processing. The results show that pongamia cultivation has limited financial potential, and is only profitable in small‐scale settings, in the middle to long term and for a subset of farmers. If biodiesel is envisaged as the end product, the value chain requires substantial fiscal and marketing support to be economically viable. For current prices, financial performance is much higher if the seed oil is marketed instead of processed to biodiesel. Increased mechanization, increased yields and optimized agroforestry set‐ups might improve financial outcomes and reduce risks for both farmers and processors. These findings are case‐specific, while the developed framework opens the door to comprehensive investigation of the financial performance of other oilseed tree species and in other regions.
Parasitoid diversity and parasitism rates in Pampean agricultural mosaics are enhanced by landscape heterogeneity
Authors: Molina Gonzalo A. R. , Poggio Santiago L. , Claudio M. Ghersa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Agricultural intensification affects negatively on landscape heterogeneity, biodiversity, biotic interactions and the associated ecological functions. Here, we describe the structure of herbivore–parasitoid interactions by analysing the rates of parasitism and their variability in relation to landscape heterogeneity.
Phytometer traps (Commelina erecta L.) infested with a specific leaf miner fly (Liriomyza commelinae Walker) were used to analyse whether landscape heterogeneity influences the parasitism rates and the associated parasitoid diversity. For that reason, phytometers were distributed in 21 sampling sites along rural roads.
Not only did landscape heterogeneity influence positively on parasitoid species richness at the site level (local scale), but it also influenced on the percentage of total parasitism and specific parasitism rates of several species. Although the parasitoid diversity was similar at the landscape scale, the evenness of interactions changed substantially among sites. Possibly, the richer plant communities in heterogeneous landscapes provide with a wider combination of resources for parasitoids.
The increase in both parasitoid species richness and biological regulation supports the adoption of management strategies that creates heterogeneous farmland mosaics. Landscape heterogeneity may be enhanced by diversifying crop sequences and sowing wildflower strips along field margins. Thus, non‐crop habitats could serve as reservoirs for generalist parasitoids of novel pest species, supplying biological regulation services in agricultural landscapes. We argue that enhancing agrobiodiversity is a key goal to design agroecosystems that ensure food security, equity and sustainability.
Use of steel slag and quartz sand‐tailing for the preparation of an eco‐friendly permeable brick
Authors: Liu Jianlei , Li Cui , Lin Changwei , Han Lei , Ning Tianxiang , Wu Jiaqi , Gui Hua , Luo Zhiwei , Liu Taoyong , Lu Anxian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn order to effectively utilize industrial solid wastes (ISW), an eco‐friendly permeable brick was successfully prepared by using quartz sand‐tailing and steel slag. The influence of sintering temperature on the properties including permeability, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, mechanical strengths, and chemical stability was systematically investigated. The research results show that with increasing sintering temperature, the structure of the permeable brick gradually become dense, which may be due to liquid phase sintering caused by a small amount of glass‐liquid phase (Ca‐Fe‐Si‐Al‐O glass system). The permeability, apparent porosity, and water absorption decrease gradually, while the bulk density and mechanical strengths increase monotonously. Furthermore, the best sintering schedule for the permeable brick is 1320°C for 1 hour, with the optimized parameters, the permeable brick exhibits excellent properties (permeability, 3.65 × 10−2 cm/s; compressive strength, 34.1 MPa; bending strength, 5.2 MPa; chemical stability, above 99%), wherein the permeability is far beyond Chinese standard (1 × 10−2 cm/s). The permeable brick in this work provides a promising way for the recycle of ISW. Even better, it can maximize the introduction of quartz sand‐tailing and steel slag (reach 100%) and create huge economic benefits while protecting environment.
Improving antioxidant properties and probiotic effect of clementine juice inoculated with Lactobacillus salivarius spp. salivarius (CECT 4063) by trehalose addition and/or sublethal homogenisation
Authors: Barrera Cristina , Burca Cristina , Betoret Ester , García‐Hernández Jorge , Hernández Manuel , Betoret Noelia 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis study evaluates the effect of trehalose addition (10% or 20%, w/w) and/or sublethal homogenisation (25–150 MPa) on antioxidants content (vitamin C, total phenols and flavonoids) and activity (measured both by ABTS‐TEAC and DPPH assays), as well as on microbial counts and survival to in vitro digestion of clementine juice inoculated with Lactobacillus salivarius spp. salivarius. Particle size, vacuum impregnation parameters and anti‐Helicobacter pylori effect were also measured. Incubation with the probiotic improved the antioxidant properties of the juice. Homogenisation pressures below 100 MPa following incubation increased both the probiotic counts in the juice and its antioxidants bioaccesibility. Adding 10% (w/w) of trehalose to the juice was effective in preventing these bioactive compounds deterioration under adverse conditions. Once homogenised, liquids containing 10% (w/w) of trehalose became as able as those without trehalose to enter a food solid matrix. Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth was evident in all probiotic beverages.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by isobornyl acrylate when using the FreeStyle® Libre
Authors: Mine Yusuke , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Matsuura Daisuke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present the case of an 8‐year‐old girl with type 1 diabetes who developed severe allergic contact dermatitis by using FreeStyle® Libre. A patch test was carried out using a piece of the adhesive part of the sensor of the FreeStyle® Libre, and subsequently by using the potential contact allergens in the sensor, isobornyl acrylate. She reacted positively to the adhesive part of the sensor, and also reacted positively to isobornyl acrylate with three different concentrations, 0.1%, 0.05% and 0.01%, over 48‐h, 72‐h and 7‐day periods. The FreeStyle® Libre is a useful and less invasive device that can be used for continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes. In contrast to the remarkable advantages, allergic contact dermatitis caused by isobornyl acrylate in the adhesive part of FreeStyle® Libre is one of the potential adverse events.
The Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on the Viability of Naegleria fowleri Amoebae
Authors: Lam Charlton , He Li , Marciano‐Cabral Francine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNaegleria fowleri, a free‐living amoeba found in soil and freshwater environments, is the causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis. Infection occurs when amoebae enter the nasal cavity, attach to the nasal mucosa and travel along olfactory neurons towards the olfactory bulb. Upon reaching the central nervous system, the amoebae replicate very rapidly and can cause death in 3–10 days. Little is known about the conditions in which the amoeba can survive in the environment. We have tested conditions beyond the known boundaries on the viability of amoebae by introducing them into moderate and extreme salinity, pH, and temperatures. Our data shows that although viability expectedly decreases towards each of these extreme conditions, their tolerance was much greater than anticipated, including viability in moderate salinity, a wide pH range, and temperatures higher than the previously reported 45 °C.
Integrating health, education and culture in predicting Pacific children's English receptive vocabulary at 6 years: A classification tree approach
Authors: Kim Hyun M , Schluter Philip J , McNeill Brigid , Everatt John , Sisk Rose , Iusitini Leon , Taleni Leali'ie'e T , Tautolo El‐Shadan , Gillon Gail 
Published: February 2019

AimPacific children fare poorly on health and educational outcomes, including literacy. Early interventions are considered critical in reducing educational disparities. A prediction model was constructed to analyse the factors associated with Pacific children's English receptive vocabulary, an important component of English language development.MethodsA birth cohort study of Pacific children was used to construct a classification tree model and predict the proportions of Pacific children who performed strongly in a standardised test of English receptive vocabulary at 6 years of age (n = 1019). Classification trees were constructed using 10‐fold cross‐validation (CV) and pruned using the one‐standard‐error rule. Prediction errors were directly estimated using leave‐one‐out CV.ResultsAnalyses of misclassification errors from the pruned model gave false negative and positive rates of 19 and 19% from re‐substitution and 54 and 21% from leave‐one‐out CV estimation, respectively. Of the predictors, maternal acculturation, small birthweight and performance in early developmental screening test at 4 years of age were found to have the highest goodness of split.ConclusionsThe cultural environment to which Pacific children were exposed in early childhood, indicated by the maternal acculturation, was more crucial in distinguishing children with strong English‐receptive vocabulary skills than socio‐economic or prenatal conditions. This highlights the importance of integrating the cultural environment into designing measures for facilitating Pacific children's language development.
Diagnostic and service impact of genomic testing technologies in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Tan Natalie B , Tan Tiong Yang , Martyn Melissa M , Savarirayan Ravi , Amor David J , Moody Amanda , White Susan M , Stark Zornitza 
Published: February 2019

AimTo investigate the diagnostic and service impact of chromosomal microarray and whole exome sequencing (WES) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsThis was a retrospective medical record review of NICU patients referred for genetics consultation at three time points over a 9‐year period at a single centre to determine referral indications, genetic consultation outcomes and time to diagnosis.ResultsThe number of NICU patients referred for genetics consultation increased from 44 in 2007 to 95 in 2015. The proportion of NICU patients suspected of having a genetic condition following clinical geneticist assessment remained stable, averaging 5.3% of all admissions. The proportion of patients receiving a confirmed diagnosis rose from 21% in 2007 to 53% in 2015, with a shift from primarily chromosomal abnormalities to a broad range of monogenic disorders, increasingly diagnosed by WES as a first‐tier test. The average age at diagnosis in 2015 was 19 days (range 12–38 days) for chromosomal abnormalities and 138 days (range 10–309 days) for monogenic conditions.ConclusionsThe adoption of new genetic technologies at our centre has increased the proportion of patients receiving a confirmed genetic diagnosis. This study provides important benchmark data to measure further improvements as turn‐around times for genomic testing decrease.
A pure hedonic theory of utility and status: Unhappy but efficient invidious comparisons
Authors: Courty Pascal , Engineer Merwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe examine status preferences where agents compare their own utility relative to the utilities of others. As long as status utility comparisons are not too intense, they do not affect either the competitive equilibrium or the set of efficient allocations. However, status utility comparison may substantially reduce average utility and dramatically increase utility inequality. Equating utility with happiness operationalizes the theory and provides an explanation of why invidious comparisons can generate so much unhappiness without much inefficiency. Our theory has very different welfare implications from other status theories, even when reduced form representations appear observationally equivalent.