bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PD‐1 and PD‐L1 in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Substudy of a randomized phase III trial
Authors: Cao Caineng , Wei Qichun , Tang Xiuwen , Jia Yongshi , Sun Xiaonan , Li Wenfeng , Hu Qiaoying , Chen Xiaozhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the expression of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) by using immunohistochemistry analysis in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients receiving cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy.MethodsAs part of a previously reported trial, 108 patients were enrolled in this study.ResultsWe observed that Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) antibody levels were associated with PD‐1 positive staining in NPC and PD‐1 positive staining was identified as an independent prognostic factor for progression‐free survival (hazard ratio 0.363, 95% confidence interval 0.134‐0.987, P = .047). By contrast, the correlation between the PD‐L1 level and hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein was not identified. Moreover, high levels of PD‐L1 staining were not significantly associated with clinical outcomes.ConclusionNPC patients with negative PD‐1 staining had a significantly reduced survival outcome. Furthermore, patients with positive PD‐1 staining had significantly higher EBV antibody levels.
Numerical simulation to investigate the induced buoyant flow characteristics caused by intensive heat in complex curvilinear geometries
Authors: Savalanpour Hamidreza , Farhanieh Bijan , Afshin Hossein 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe buoyancy‐induced turbulent flows in complex geometries with internal heat source have important application in enclosure fire dynamics, for example, smoke movement in the situation of fire in tunnels. The majority of computational works studying the fire‐induced hot air movement in such cases use a Cartesian coordinate system. Hence, to simulate curved geometries, the Cartesian grid should be refined so that it comparatively matches the geometry. In the present work, a three‐dimensional numerical method using nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system was developed. Numerical simulations were performed to study the flow structures and the heat transfer characteristics of fire‐induced buoyant flow and the effects of using curvilinear coordinates on the result's accuracy and the computational cost. Numerical results were compared with the available experimental data and the results obtained by fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software. The results of the present method showed better agreement with the experimental results when compared with the FDS results.
Protein changes in gastric epithelial cells RGM‐1 in response to Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Lv Zengfa , Zhao Lizhi , Jin Weimin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHelicobacter pylori‐induced inflammation significantly increases the risk of gastric cancer. To investigate the role of H. pylori infection in gastric epithelial cell carcinogenesis, flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells infected by H. pylori. Next, LTQ MS mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to identify protein changes in gastric epithelial cells infected with H. pylori, and then bioinformatics was adopted to analyze the cellular localization and biological function of differential proteins. LTQ MS/MS successfully identified identified 22 differential proteins successfully, including 20 host‐cell proteins and two H. pylori bacterial proteins. Also, human proteins were located in all areas of cells and involved in various cell biological functions. The oncogene proteins p53, p16, and C‐erbB‐2 proteins in H. pylori‐infected RGM‐1 cells were remarkably increased from the analysis by Western blot analysis. H. pylori infection of gastric epithelial cells leads to changes in various protein components in the cell, and enhances the expression of oncogene proteins, thereby increasing the possibility of possibility of carcinogenesis of H. pylori infection.
MicroRNA‐221 regulates osteosarcoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion by targeting CDKN1B/p27
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Hui , Zhao Ze‐Xue , Dai Jian , Geng De‐Chun , Xu Yao‐Zeng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are of critical importance in growth and metastasis of cancer cells; however, the underlying functions of miRNAs in osteosarcoma (OS) remain largely unknown. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of miR‐221 in regulating the biological behavior of OS cells. The proliferation ability was examined by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and cell cycle assay. The abilities of cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis were monitored by transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of miR‐221 on cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) expression was evaluated by luciferase assays, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. We found that miR‐221 was elevated in OS cell lines compared with the normal osteoblastic cell line. Transfection of the miR‐221 inhibitor into MG63 and U‐2OS cell lines obviously suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which is accompanied with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays indicated that CDKN1B is directly targeted by miR‐221 in OS cells. Knockdown of CDKN1B inhibited the effects of miR‐221 inhibitor, along with decreased Bax and caspase‐3 and increased cyclin E, cyclin D1, Bcl‐2, Snail, and Twist1 expression. The results suggested that miR‐221 might act as a potentially useful target for treatment of OS.
Long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction–associated transcript regulated the pancreatic stellate cell activation to promote the fibrosis process of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Liu Hao , Yu Kaihuan , Ma Peng , Xiong Liangkun , Wang Maoming , Wang Weixing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in fibrosis process. In our previous RNA‐seq study, we found that lncRNA myocardial infarction–associated transcript (MIAT) was differentially expressed in pancreatic tissues of chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients. However, the function of MIAT in CP remains unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of MIAT in pancreatic fibrosis.Materials and MethodsThe expression levels of MIAT, miR‐216a‐3p, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), and collagen I were estimated by Western blot analysis and qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between miR‐216a‐3p, MIAT, and COX‐2 were confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. The proliferation of human pancreatic stellate cells (HPaSteCs) was detected by cell counting kit‐8 assay.ResultsWe found that MIAT, along with the levels of fibrosis‐related proteins α‐SMA and collagen I, as well as COX‐2 were upregulated, while miR‐216a‐3p was downregulated in transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐stimulated HPaSteCs. Mechanistically, MIAT acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐216a‐3p. Furthermore, we identified COX‐2 as a direct target of miR‐126a‐3p. Additionally, MIAT overturned the inhibitory effect of miR‐216a‐3p overexpression and COX‐2 knockdown on the activation and proliferation of HPaSteCs.ConclusionOur study provided mechanistic insights into a critical role for MIAT as a miRNA sponge in CP.
Derivation of preoligodendrocytes from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells through overexpression of microRNA 338
Authors: Nazari Bahareh , Soleimanifar Fatemeh , Kazemi Mansure , Nazari Banafsheh , Enderami Seyed Ehsan , Ai Arman , Sadroddiny Esmaeil , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh , Ai Jafar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and have a critical role in many biological processes such as oligodendrocyte differentiation. Recent studies have shown that microRNA 338 (miR‐338) is overexpressed during the oligodendrocyte development process in the central nervous system; this finding indicates a potentially important role for miR‐338 in oligodendrocyte development. To evaluate this assumption, we studied the effect of miR‐338 overexpression on promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), into preoligodendrocyte. hiPSCs were differentiated into OPCs after treating for 16 days with basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), epidermal growth factor (FGF), and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐AA. Bipolar OPCs appeared and the expression of OPC‐related markers, including Nestin, Olig2, Sox10, PDGFRα, and A2B5 was confirmed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence. Then, OPCs were transduced by miR‐338 expressing lentivirus or were treated with triiodothyronine (T3) for 6 days. Data obtained from real‐time PCR and immunofluorescence experiment indicated that preoligodendrocyte markers such as Sox10, O4, and MBP were expressed at higher levels in transduced cells with miR‐338 in comparison with the T3 group. So, the overexpression of miR‐338 in iPSC‐derived OPCs can promote their differentiation into preoligodendrocyte which can be used in cell therapy of myelin‐related diseases.
PI3K‐PKB‐mTOR hyperactivation in relation to nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and prognosis
Authors: Yu Jian‐Hua , Chen Li , Yu Jian‐Yong , Luo Hong‐Qiang , Wang Ling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology, which is not completely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression patterns of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins in patients with NPC and their relationship with NPC progression and prognosis. Between January 2008 and March 2010, PI3K, PKB, and mTOR protein expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry among 119 patients with NPC and 30 healthy people. A 5‐year follow‐up was conducted for all patients. Correlations of PI3K, PKB, and mTOR proteins with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of NPC were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kaplan‐Meier curve. Cox's regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors for the prognosis of NPC. First, PI3K, PKB, and mTOR were highly expressed in patients with NPC. The expressions of PI3K, PKB, and mTOR proteins were associated with T stage, N stage, clinical stage, relapse, and distant metastasis. Meanwhile, PI3K is positively correlated with PKB and PKB is positively correlated with mTOR in NPC. Higher PI3K, PKB, and mTOR protein expressions were related to a shorter survival time and a lower survival rate in NPC. Cox regression analysis revealed that age, T stage, N stage, PI3K, PKB, and mTOR were independent risk factors for NPC patient survival. Altogether, our data suggest that overexpression of PI3K, PKB, and mTOR proteins is an important indicator of poor survival in NPC. In addition, inhibition of PI3K‐PKB‐mTOR signaling may also contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for NPC.
The impact of volunteer experience at sport mega‐events on intention to continue volunteering: Multigroup path analysis
Authors: Bang Hyejin , Bravo Gonzalo A. , Mello Figuerôa Katiuscia , Mezzadri Fernando Marinho 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examined the impacts of volunteers’ motivation and satisfaction through Olympic/Paralympic volunteering experiences on their intention to volunteer for future community events and the moderating role of previous volunteering experience in the relationships among motivations, satisfaction, and intention to continue volunteering. A sample of volunteers (N = 4,824) was drawn from the data collected by Nielsen during the Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Responses from a total of 25 items of volunteer motivations, satisfaction, future intention to volunteer, and previous experience status were used for the study's analyses. Path analysis revealed that among the total sample, motivations had direct and indirect (through satisfaction) effects on intention to volunteer. Results of multigroup path analysis showed that the relationships among motivations, satisfaction, and intention vary by returning and first‐time volunteers, supporting the moderating role of prior volunteering experience in the path model. This study provides a systematic examination of how volunteer motivations and satisfaction may operate differently or similarly between returning and first‐time volunteers.
Optimal depth estimation using modified Kalman filter in the presence of non‐Gaussian jitter noise
Authors: Jang Hoon‐Seok , Muhammad Mannan Saeed , Choi Tae‐Sun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe consideration of the noise that affects 3D shape recovery is becoming very important for accurate shape reconstruction. In Shape from Focus, when 2D image sequences are obtained, mechanical vibrations, referred as jitter noise, occur randomly along the z‐axis, in each step. To model the noise for real world scenarios, this article uses Lévy distribution for noise profile modeling. Next, focus curves acquired by one of focus measure operators are modeled as Gaussian function to consider the effects of the jitter noise. Finally, since conventional Kalman filter provides good output under Gaussian noise only, a modified Kalman filter, as proposed method, is used to remove the jitter noise. Experiments are carried out using synthetic and real objects to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Sentinel lymph node nonvisualization after intratumoral radioisotope tracer injection in breast cancer is not associated with a higher nodal metastasis rate or worse outcomes
Authors: Hellingman Daan , de Wit–van der Veen Berlinda J , Wan Oi Yan , van der Ploeg Iris M , Rutgers Emiel J. Th. , Stokkel Marcel P. M. 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesPreoperative lymphoscintigraphy does not always visualize a sentinel lymph node (SLN). The study aim was to investigate whether persistent nonvisualization after additional single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT or a second radiotracer injection in breast cancer patients is associated with nodal metastases or worse outcome due to potential understaging and consequently undertreatment.MethodsAltogether 2042 consecutive SLN procedures were evaluated. All patients were clinically node‐negative, underwent axillary ultrasound and fine‐needle aspiration cytology (US/FNAC) of suspicious nodes. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed at 3 to 4 hours after intratumoral injection of 99mTc‐nanocolloid. SPECT/CT or a reinjection was performed when initial lymphoscintigraphy showed nonvisualization.ResultsPersistent nonvisualization was seen in 170 of 2042 procedures (8.3%). The nodal metastasis rate was 16.0% vs 18.0% for procedures with nonvisualization vs SLN visualization, respectively (P = 0.593). The regional recurrence rate of tumor‐negative SLN biopsy procedures was equal between the nonvisualization (0.7%, 11 of 1535) vs visualization (0.7%, 1 of 144) group. Median follow‐up was 48 months. Distant–metastasis free interval and overall survival was not significantly different between both groups (
P = 0.164 and 0.208, respectively).ConclusionsPersistent nonvisualization after lymphoscintigraphy plus SPECT/CT or radiotracer reinjection is not associated with a higher nodal metastasis rate or worse long term outcome when preoperative US/FNAC is performed.
Intracorporeal classic circular‐stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: A simple, safe “intraluminal poke technique” for anvil placement
Authors: Du Jianjun , Xue Hongyuan , Hua Jin , Zhao Lizhi , Zhang Ziqiang 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTotally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is being increasingly performed. However, an optimal procedure to achieve intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy for Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy remains to be established. Compared with the simple and preferable circular‐stapled Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction in open gastrectomy, application of intracorporeal circular‐stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy of Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy have been limited (no report of intracorporeal circular‐stapled jejunojejunostomy) because of the difficulties of intracorporeal purse‐string suture and anvil placement. To address these problems, a simple and safe intraluminal poke technique of universal surgical concept and procedure was introduced and evaluated.MethodsBetween March 2018 and August 2018, 24 consecutive patients with gastric cancer underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in our hospital. Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction of intracorporeal circular‐stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy with the intraluminal poke technique was performed in all patients. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics, perioperative details and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe mean operative time was 203.6±26.2min, both proximal and distal tumor‐free margins were achieved in all patients. The time for anvil placement at stomach and intestine was 5.9±1.3min and 3.9±0.7min, respectively. Intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy were successively completed following anvil placement with no any anastomosis‐related sutures. There were 5 postoperative complications. Morbidities included pancreas fistula (n=1), stasis (n=2), atelectasis (n=1), pneumonia (n=1). These all patients recovered after conservative treatment. No postoperative anastomosis‐related complications, such as anastomotic bleeding and leakage, or stenosis occurred during the median follow‐up of 6.5 months.ConclusionThe initial results suggest that the technique allowing easy and common anvil placement at stomach and intestine may be a simple, safe, preferable and time‐saving procedure to accomplish intracorporeal circular‐stapled gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy of Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy as open surgery.
Patient‐reported versus physiologic swallowing outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer after chemoradiation
Authors: Kirsh Elliana , Naunheim Matthew , Holman Allison , Kammer Rachel , Varvares Mark , Goldsmith Tessa 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this project was to retrospectively investigate the relationship between patient‐reported and physiologic swallowing measures after chemoradiation therapy for head neck cancer (HNC).MethodsAdult patients who underwent chemoradiation therapy for HNC and presented for videofluoroscopic swallow study were reviewed retrospectively. Surgically treated patients were excluded. Patient perception of swallowing‐related outcomes was assessed via the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) on the same day that physiologic measures of swallow function were obtained. Using vidoefluoroscopic data, the Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) scale yielded measures of safety (DIGEST‐S: penetration/aspiration) and efficiency (DIGEST‐E: residue). Statistical analysis for correlation coefficients was performed.ResultsThirty patients met the inclusion criteria. The oropharynx was the most commonly affected site (70.0%), followed by the larynx (16.7%). The median radiation dose was 72 grays (Gy), and participants were assessed a mean of 4.6 (range 0–12) years following completion of treatment. There was no correlation between the MDADI and the DIGEST‐E score (Pearson rho = −0.045, P = 0.812), DIGEST‐S score (Pearson rho = 0.075, P = 0.695), or summary DIGEST grade (Pearson rho = 0.046, P = 0.810). MDADI scores did not change significantly with increasing time since radiation (P = 0.375), whereas the DIGEST‐E scores, DIGEST‐S score, and summary DIGEST grades worsened over time (P = 0.007, P = 0.002, and P = 0.0005, respectively).ConclusionAssessment of swallowing physiology showed that function worsened after chemoradiation therapy, but this did not correlate with patient‐reported quality‐of‐life measures. Reduced patient awareness of swallow dysfunction years after completion of chemoradiation has implications for management of dysphagia in the face of physiologic decline.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2059–2064, 2019
Risk and outcomes for second primary human papillomavirus–related and –unrelated head and neck malignancy
Authors: Adjei Boakye Eric , Buchanan Paula , Hinyard Leslie , Stamatakis Katie , Osazuwa‐Peters Nosayaba , Simpson Matthew C. , Schootman Mario , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo 1) examine the characteristics of patients who develop second primary malignancies (SPMs) from an index human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and HPV‐unrelated HNSCC and to 2) compare overall survival between those with HPV‐related and HPV‐unrelated index HNSCC among patients who develop SPM.Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of 113,259 patients who were diagnosed with HNSCC from 2000 to 2014. SPM was defined as the first subsequent primary cancer occurring at least 2 months after index cancer diagnosis, and HPV‐relatedness was based on whether patients’ index HNSCC was potentially HPV‐related or HPV‐unrelated. Multivariable Fine and Gray (FG) competing‐risks regression models were used to estimate factors associated with risk of SPM by HPV‐relatedness. Among patients with SPM, an adjusted Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression model was used to assess the association between HPV‐relatedness and survival.ResultsApproximately 13,900 patients (12.3%) developed SPM. In the FG model, patients with HPV‐unrelated HNSCC had a 15% higher risk of developing SPM (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.10‐1.20) than those with potentially HPV‐related HNSCC, but the same characteristics were associated with SPM development. In the Cox PH model, patients with SPM whose index HNSCC was HPV‐unrelated had higher risk of death than those whose index HNSCC was potentially HPV‐related (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02‐1.11).ConclusionsPatients with HPV‐unrelated HNSCC have a higher risk of SPM development than do those with HPV‐related HNSCC. Effective secondary disease‐prevention strategies should be established to improve long‐term patient outcomes.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1828–1835, 2019