bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naïve and informed views on the nature of scientific inquiry in large‐scale assessments: Two sides of the same coin or different currencies?
Authors: Nehring Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany models in the field of epistemic cognition conceptualize students' views as being on a continuum between the poles of naïve and informed views. Against this background, the aim of the present study was to find out whether views on the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI views) should be conceptualized and quantitatively assessed in a more multiplistic manner, considering naïve and informed views in their own, separate dimensions. Based on a competence model defining three inquiry methods, we developed a Likert‐scaled questionnaire containing 10 scales, each assessing one NOSI view. We administered the questionnaire to a sample of 802 students in the lower and upper levels of secondary school. Based on structural equation modeling, the analyses confirmed a 10‐dimensional model, distinguishing between each naïve and informed views as the only adequate representation of the data. Latent class analysis and interview data revealed four profiles of NOSI views in the data, which differed with regard to their agreement or disagreement with different naïve and informed views. We interpret these findings as evidence that supports more multiplistic models, with relevance to conceptualizing, measuring, and fostering NOSI views. We derive future directions of nature of science and NOSI research linking basic and applied research using experimental studies.
The characteristics of seminal fluid and the forensic tests available to identify it
Authors: Gamblin Amelia P. , Morgan‐Smith Rian K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSemen body fluid identification remains a critical aspect of the forensic investigation of alleged sexual assaults. Over the years, as advancements have been made in the area of forensic science, several different methods for semen identification have been utilized. It is not unusual for several methods of semen identification to be incorporated into a single sexual assault investigation. Most methods of semen identification are based on either detecting enzymatic activities or are targeted at specific cells or antigens. Other methods have evolved utilizing fluorescence or protein expression. Presumptive tests are often used to screen or locate semen staining. Further confirmatory tests can be used to identify the staining as semen and finally the donor of the stain can be further identified through DNA analysis. For routine application of these methods, they need to be specific, sensitive, cost effective, easy to use, and nondestructive. Although new techniques are being researched, it appears that traditional methods of semen identification remain the most widely applied in forensic casework.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Body Fluid Identification
Adaptive neural network tracking control for underactuated systems with matched and mismatched disturbances
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Yu Hongnian , Cang Shuang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper studies neural network-based tracking control of underactuated systems with unknown parameters and with matched and mismatched disturbances. Novel adaptive control schemes are proposed with the utilization of multi-layer neural networks, adaptive control and variable structure strategies to cope with the uncertainties containing approximation errors, unknown base parameters and time-varying matched and mismatched external disturbances. Novel auxiliary control variables are designed to establish the controllability of the non-collocated subset of the underactuated systems. The approximation errors and the matched and mismatched external disturbances are efficiently counteracted by appropriate design of robust compensators. Stability and convergence of the time-varying reference trajectory are shown in the sense of Lyapunov. The parameter updating laws for the designed control schemes are derived using the projection approach to reduce the tracking error as small as desired. Unknown dynamics of the non-collocated subset is approximated through neural networks within a local region. Finally, simulation studies on an underactuated manipulator and an underactuated vibro-driven system are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.
Double pituitary adenomas in a large surgical series
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz , Sajjad Emir Ahmed , Maksymowicz Maria , Pękul Monika , Koziarski Andrzej 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the incidence of double pituitary adenomas in a tertiary center for pituitary surgery and asses their clinical, imaging and histopathological features.

Methods
The medical records of the patients operated on for pituitary tumors at the Department of Neurosurgery of Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, Poland between the years 2003 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 3270 treated patients, the diagnosis of double pituitary adenoma was established in 22 patients. Clinical, laboratory, detailed histopathological and diagnostics imaging data were collected and analyzed.

Results
There were 21 cases of synchronous and one case of asynchronous double pituitary adenoma. The main clinical finding was acromegaly (12/22) followed by Cushing’s disease (3/22). The diagnosis of synchronous double pituitary adenoma was suspected in the preoperative MRI in 11 patients. In the remaining patients the diagnosis of contiguous double pituitary adenoma was confirmed in the histopathological examination. There was no predilection for gender and the mean observation time was 74.2 months. In one case of Cushing’s disease the occurrence of double pituitary adenoma led to the initial failure of achieving hormonal remission. One patient presented with double pituitary adenomas as a manifestation of Carney complex.

Conclusions
Double pituitary adenoma is a rare entity that can pose a significant challenge especially in the setting of Cushing’s disease. Careful inspection of preoperative MRI and diagnostic work-up before transsphenoidal surgery and thorough histopathological microscopic examinations with immunohistochemical staining for all pituitary hormones is essential for establishing the diagnosis of double pituitary adenoma.
Oxidative status in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. non-embryogenic and embryogenic tissues with particular reference to somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Orłowska Anna , Kępczyńska Ewa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abiotic stress conditions (e.g., wounding, sterilization) are often together with plant growth regulators (e.g., 2,4-d), considered as one of the most important factors initiating plant somatic embryogenesis (SE). The first goal of this work was to answer whether leaf explants of the Medicago truncatula non-embryogenic (M9) line and its embryogenic variant (M9-10a) respond equally to mechanical and chemical stress by analyzing ROS (reactive oxygen species, e.g., O2•−, H2O2) localization, ROS scavenging enzyme activity and expression of genes encoding these enzymes. In explants of both lines, the stress response induced by wounding and chemical sterilization and the defense reaction during the 1st week of callus growth was similar. These defense mechanisms first involve an increase in SOD and CAT activity, later APX. 2,4-d, present at a low concentration (0.5 µM) during the induction phase (IP), is necessary for embryogenic callus formation and, consequently, for embryo development. This herbicide in higher concentrations causes an increase in O2•− accumulation and in antioxidant enzyme activity; however, it does not block the formation of callus and somatic embryos, though it disturbs these processes. Moreover, inhibition or blocking studied processes by DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase responsible for the production of O2•− and also lowering the expression of genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes leading to change in their activities, clearly indicate that a certain level of ROS is necessary to induce SE.
End-to-End Learning of Decision Trees and Forests
Authors: Hehn Thomas M. , Kooij Julian F. P. , Hamprecht Fred A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Conventional decision trees have a number of favorable properties, including a small computational footprint, interpretability, and the ability to learn from little training data. However, they lack a key quality that has helped fuel the deep learning revolution: that of being end-to-end trainable. Kontschieder et al. (ICCV, 2015) have addressed this deficit, but at the cost of losing a main attractive trait of decision trees: the fact that each sample is routed along a small subset of tree nodes only. We here present an end-to-end learning scheme for deterministic decision trees and decision forests. Thanks to a new model and expectation–maximization training scheme, the trees are fully probabilistic at train time, but after an annealing process become deterministic at test time. In experiments we explore the effect of annealing visually and quantitatively, and find that our method performs on par or superior to standard learning algorithms for oblique decision trees and forests. We further demonstrate on image datasets that our approach can learn more complex split functions than common oblique ones, and facilitates interpretability through spatial regularization.
On Langmuir circulation in 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 resonance
Authors: Cui L. , Phillips W. R. C. 
Published: October 2019

This paper is concerned with the nonlinear dynamics of spanwise periodic longitudinal vortex modes (Langmuir circulation (LC)) that arise through the instability of two-dimensional periodic flows (waves) in a non-stratified uniformly sheared layer of finite depth. Of particular interest is the excitation of the vortex modes either in the absence of interaction or in resonance, as described by nonlinear amplitude equations built upon the mean field Craik–Leibovich (CL) equations. Since Y-junctions in the surface footprints of Langmuir circulation indicate sporadic increases (doubling) in spacing as they evolve to the scale of sports stadiums, interest is focused on bifurcations that instigate such changes. To that end, surface patterns arising from the linear and nonlinear excitation of the vortex modes are explored, subject to two parameters: a Rayleigh number ${\mathcal{R}}$ present in the CL equations and a symmetry breaking parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ in the mixed free surface boundary conditions that relax to those at the layer bottom where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}=0$. Looking first to linear instability, it is found as $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ increases from zero to unity, that the neutral curves evolve from asymmetric near onset to almost symmetric. The nonlinear dynamics of single modes is then studied via an amplitude equation of Ginzburg–Landau type. While typically of cubic order when the bifurcation is supercritical (as it is here) and the neutral curves are parabolic, the Ginzburg–Landau equation must instead here be of quartic order to recover the asymmetry in the neutral curves. This equation is then subjected to an Eckhaus instability analysis, which indicates that linearly unstable subharmonics mostly reside outside the Eckhaus boundary, thereby excluding them as candidates for excitation. The surface pattern is then largely unchanged from its linear counterpart, although the character of the pattern does change when $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\ll 1$ as a result of symmetry breaking. Attention is then turned to strong resonance between the least stable linear mode and a sub-harmonic of it, as described by coupled nonlinear amplitude equations of Stuart-Landau type. Both 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 resonant interactions are considered. Phase plots and bifurcation diagrams are employed to reveal classes of solution that can occur. Dominant over much of the ${\mathcal{R}}$-$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ range considered are non-travelling pure- and mixed-mode equilibrium solutions that act singly or together. To wit, pure modes solutions alone act to realise windrows with spacings in accord with linear theory, while bistability can realise Y-junctions and, depending upon initial conditions, double or even triple the dominant spacing of LC.
(t, ℓ)-STABILITY AND COHERENT SYSTEMS
Authors: BRAMBILA-PAZ L. , MATA-GUTIÉRREZ O. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLet X be a non-singular irreducible complex projective curve of genus g ≥ 2. The concept of stability of coherent systems over X depends on a positive real parameter α, given then a (finite) family of moduli spaces of coherent systems. We use (t, ℓ)-stability to prove the existence of coherent systems over X that are α-stable for all allowed α > 0.
Landscape analysis of health technology assessment (HTA): systems and practices in Asia
Authors: Teerawattananon Yot , Rattanavipapong Waranya , Lin Lydia Wenxin , Dabak Saudamini Vishwanath , Gibbons Brent , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Toh Kai Yee , Cher Boon Piang , Pearce Fiona , Bayani Diana Beatriz S. , Nakamura Ryota , Pwu Raoh-Fang , Shafie Asrul Akmal , Adhikari Deepika , Prinja Shankar , Babidge Wendy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the characteristics of health technology assessment (HTA) systems and practices in Asia. Representatives from nine countries were surveyed to understand each step of the HTA pathway. The analysis finds that although there are similarities in the processes of HTA and its application to inform decision making, there is variation in the number of topics assessed and the stakeholders involved in each step of the process. There is limited availability of resources and technical capacity and countries adopt different means to overcome these challenges by accepting industry submissions or adapting findings from other regions. Inclusion of stakeholders in the process of selecting topics, generating evidence, and making funding recommendations is critical to ensure relevance of HTA to country priorities. Lessons from this analysis may be instructive to other countries implementing HTA processes and inform future research on the feasibility of implementing a harmonized HTA system in the region.
Minimizing the number of 5-cycles in graphs with given edge-density
Authors: Bennett Patrick , Dudek Andrzej , Lidický Bernard , Pikhurko Oleg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMotivated by the work of Razborov about the minimal density of triangles in graphs we study the minimal density of the 5-cycle C5. We show that every graph of order n and size $ (1 - 1/k) \left( {\matrix{n \cr 2 }} \right) $, where k ≥ 3 is an integer, contains at least
$$({1 \over {10}} - {1 \over {2k}} + {1 \over {{k^2}}} - {1 \over {{k^3}}} + {2 \over {5{k^4}}}){n^5} + o({n^5})$$
copies of C5. This bound is optimal, since a matching upper bound is given by the balanced complete k-partite graph. The proof is based on the flag algebras framework. We also provide a stability result. An SDP solver is not necessary to verify our proofs.
PERFECT TRIANGLES ON THE CURVE
Authors: ISMAIL SHAHRINA 
Published: October 2019

A Heron triangle is a triangle that has three rational sides $(a,b,c)$ and a rational area, whereas a perfect triangle is a Heron triangle that has three rational medians $(k,l,m)$. Finding a perfect triangle was stated as an open problem by Richard Guy [Unsolved Problems in Number Theory (Springer, New York, 1981)]. Heron triangles with two rational medians are parametrized by the eight curves $C_{1},\ldots ,C_{8}$ mentioned in Buchholz and Rathbun [‘An infinite set of heron triangles with two rational medians’, Amer. Math. Monthly 104(2) (1997), 106–115; ‘Heron triangles and elliptic curves’, Bull. Aust. Math.Soc. 58 (1998), 411–421] and Bácskái et al. [Symmetries of triangles with two rational medians, http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.6533, 2003]. In this paper, we reveal results on the curve $C_{4}$ which has the property of satisfying conditions such that six of seven parameters given by three sides, two medians and area are rational. Our aim is to perform an extensive search to prove the nonexistence of a perfect triangle arising from this curve.
Coverage and drift potential associated with nozzle and speed selection for herbicide applications using an unmanned aerial sprayer
Authors: Hunter Joseph E. , Gannon Travis W. , Richardson Robert J. , Yelverton Fred H. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has expanded to include UAV sprayers capable of applying pesticides. Very little research has been conducted to optimize application parameters and measure the potential of off-target movement from UAV-based pesticide applications. Field experiments were conducted in Raleigh, NC during spring 2018 to characterize the effect of different application speeds and nozzle types on target area coverage and uniformity of UAV applications. The highest coverage was achieved with an application speed of 1 m s−1 and ranged from 30% to 60%, whereas applications at 7 m s−1 yielded 13% to 22% coverage. Coverage consistently decreased as application speed increased across all nozzles, with extended-range flat-spray nozzles declining at a faster rate than air-induction nozzles, likely due to higher drift. Experiments measuring the drift potential of UAV-applied pesticides using extended-range flat spray, air-induction flat-spray, turbo air–induction flat-spray, and hollow-cone nozzles under 0, 2, 4, 7, and 9 m s−1 perpendicular wind conditions in the immediate 1.75 m above the target were conducted in the absence of natural wind. Off-target movement was observed under all perpendicular wind conditions with all nozzles tested but was nondetectable beyond 5 m away from the target. Coverage from all nozzles exhibited a concave-shaped curve in response to the increasing perpendicular wind speed due to turbulence. The maximum target coverage in drift studies was observed when the perpendicular wind was 0 and 8.94 m s−1, but higher turbulence at the two highest perpendicular wind speeds (6.71 and 8.94 m s−1) increased coverage variability, whereas the lowest variability was observed at 2.24 m s−1 wind speed. Results suggested that air-induction flat-spray and turbo air–induction flat-spray nozzles and an application speed of 3 m s−1 provided an adequate coverage of target areas while minimizing off-target movement risk.
Extending the Study of Gelotophobia, Gelotophilia, and Katagelasticism in Romantic Life Toward Romantic Attachment
Authors: Brauer Kay , Proyer René T. , Ruch Willibald 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Gelotophobia (fear of being laughed at), gelotophilia (joy in being laughed at), and katagelasticism (joy in laughing at others) describe individual differences in how people deal with ridicule and being laughed at. We study their association with romantic attachment styles and romantic outcomes in adults. Study 1 ( N = 247) shows that gelotophobia goes along with higher expressions in attachment anxiety and avoidance. This study also provides support for the notion that gelotophobes demonstrate a lower likelihood of entering romantic relationships (odds ratio = 0.62/0.64 for past/current relationship status). Gelotophilia goes along with lower avoidance and katagelasticism exists independently from romantic attachment. Study 2 replicates the findings in 154 heterosexual romantic couples using Actor–Partner Interdependence Model analyses. However, katagelasticism was related to greater attachment anxiety in this sample of couples. A mini-meta analysis using data from both studies ( N = 555) clarified this association and showed that the joy in laughing at others yields a small positive association with attachment anxiety. Further, attachment styles mediate associations between the dispositions and relationship satisfaction in the couples. Overall, the dispositions are distinctively related with romantic attachment styles and our findings contribute to the understanding of the role of dealing with ridicule and laughter in romantic life.
HUNK phosphorylates EGFR to regulate breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Williams Carly B. , Phelps-Polirer Kendall , Dingle Ivan P. , Williams Christina J. , Rhett Matthew J. , Eblen Scott T. , Armeson Kent , Hill Elizabeth G. , Yeh Elizabeth S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly over-expressed in metastatic breast cancer yet metastatic breast cancer is generally resistant to anti-EGFR therapies, and the mechanism for resistance to EGFR inhibitors in this setting is not fully understood. Hormonally up-regulated neu-associated kinase (HUNK) kinase is up-regulated in aggressive breast cancers and is thought to play a role in breast cancer metastasis. However, no studies have been conducted to examine a relationship between EGFR and HUNK in breast cancer metastasis. We performed a kinase substrate screen and identified that EGFR is phosphorylated by HUNK. Our studies show that HUNK phosphorylates EGFR at T654, enhancing receptor stability and downstream signaling. We found that increased phosphorylation of T654 EGFR correlates with increased epithelial to mesenchymal, migration and invasion, and metastasis. In addition, we found that HUNK expression correlates with overall survival and distant metastasis free survival. This study shows that HUNK directly phosphorylates EGFR at T654 to promote metastasis and is the first study to show that the phosphorylation of this site in EGFR regulates metastasis.
Morphological Transformation between Flat and Tube Structures by Coordinated Motions of Soft Pneumatic Microactuators
Authors: Konishi Satoshi , Oya Fumitaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicroactuators are the most distinctive and challenging microdevices among micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) relative to microsensors or electronic circuits. Soft and flexible microactuators have been achieved by introducing polymers as structural materials in addition to conventional materials. Expanding the application of MEMS to the biomedical field requires particular features, such as softness and small devices. It is important to address small and fragile biological objects while satisfying the demand for minimally invasive medicine. Both MEMS and biomedical applications require three-dimensional microstructures for higher-order functions. In general, microactuators are limited to simple motions such as bending. Our group has developed an openable artificial small intestinal tract system. An array of pneumatic balloon actuators (PBAs) transforms a flat structure into a tube structure representing the small intestine. Coordination of the bending motions of the PBAs enables the formation of a three-dimensional tube structure. Each PBA is 400 μm × 1800 μm × 100 μm. The diameter of the tube structure is 1 mm. Additional higher-order functions of the artificial small intestine, such as peristaltic motion, are currently of interest for us. This paper describes the morphological transformation of a soft microstructure and further potential possibilities of coordinated motions of soft microactuators.
Der Atlas und die Kopfgelenke
Authors: Köln Magga Corts 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDer erste Halswirbel (Atlas) ist gelenkig mit dem oberen und unteren Kopfgelenk verbunden. Störungen in dieser Region, zum Beispiel durch Wirbelblockaden, können für zahlreiche Beschwerden ursächlich sein.