bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating spatial and phylogenetic information in the fourth‐corner analysis to test trait–environment relationships
Authors: Braga João , ter Braak Cajo J. F. , Thuiller Wilfried , Dray Stéphane 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe fourth‐corner analysis aims to quantify and test for relationships between species traits and site‐specific environmental variables, mediated by site‐specific species abundances. Since there is no common unit of observation, the significance of the relationships is tested using a double permutation procedure (site based and species based). This method implies that all species and sites are independent of each other. However, this fundamental hypothesis might be flawed because of phylogenetic relatedness between species and spatial autocorrelation in the environmental data. Here, using a simulation‐based experiment, we demonstrate how the presence of spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelations can, in some circumstances, lead to inflated type I error rates, suggesting that significant associations can be misidentified. As an alternative, we propose a new randomization approach designed to avoid this issue, based on Moran's spectral randomization. In this approach, standard permutations are replaced by constrained randomizations so that the distribution of the statistic under the null hypothesis is built with additional constraints to preserve the phylogenetic and spatial structures of the observed data. The inclusion of this new randomization approach provides total control over type I error rates and should be used in real studies where spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelations often occur.
Diabetes mellitus induced by somatostatin analogue therapy is not permanent in acromegalic patients
Authors: Cappellani Daniele , Urbani Claudio , Sardella Chiara , Scattina Ilaria , Marconcini Giulia , Lupi Isabella , Manetti Luca , Marcocci Claudio , Bogazzi Fausto 
Published: October 2018

SummaryContextTherapy with somatostatin analogues (SSAs) may have deleterious effects on glucose metabolism in patients with acromegaly, often leading to the development of diabetes mellitus (DM).AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether DM, developed during therapy with SSAs, may revert after drug withdrawal and cure of acromegaly with pituitary adenomectomy.DesignRetrospective cohort study, in a tertiary referral centre.PatientsEighteen acromegalic patients without DM at the diagnosis of acromegaly treated with SSAs as a primary therapy, and then cured by pituitary adenomectomy.MethodsEndocrine status and glucose homeostasis were evaluated at diagnosis of acromegaly and at least every 6 months during SSA therapy. At each visit, patients were classified into one of the following classes: normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, overt diabetes.ResultsMedian follow‐up after starting SSAs therapy was 69 months (IQR 54.75‐132.25). During SSA therapy, all patients had controlled acromegaly defined by normal serum IGF1 concentrations for the age. Of the 13 euglycaemic patients at diagnosis, three developed prediabetes and three diabetes, whereas, of the five prediabetic patients at diagnosis, two worsened to overt diabetes and three remained in the prediabetic range (P = 0.04). After curing acromegaly with pituitary adenomectomy and subsequent SSA withdrawal, prediabetes reverted in five of six patients, and diabetes in all five patients (three reverted to euglycaemia, while two reverted to prediabetes) (P = 0.01).ConclusionsIn acromegalic patients with controlled disease, changes in glycaemic status induced by SSAs are not permanent.
Regulatory IFN‐γ‐producing killer dendritic cells are enhanced in B6.MLR‐Faslpr/J lupus‐prone mice
Authors: Rodríguez‐Alba Juan Carlos , Girón‐Pérez Daniel Alberto , Romero‐Ramírez Héctor , Pelayo Rosana , Santos‐Argumedo Leopoldo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel cell population denominated IFN‐γ‐producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) have been recently described. These cells are lymphocytes lacking B‐ or T‐ receptors, but they can be identified by the presence of B220+CD38+CD49b+ and low CD11c, among other cell surface markers. The main characteristics of IKDCs are the production of IFN‐γ and the ability to spontaneously kill tumor cells. We found that this population increases in B6.MLR‐Faslpr/J mice. Interestingly, IKDCs increase with age and are more abundant in mice older than 6 months onward. To analyze whether these cells have any role in the induction of the lupus‐like phenotype in the B6.MLR‐Faslpr/J mice, IKDCs were purified and transferred into 6‐month‐old B6.MRL‐Faslpr/J mice, then the presence of anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANAS) and anti‐dsDNA antibodies were analyzed 2 and 4 months after the transfer. The results showed a reduction in the levels of these autoantibodies and increased survival of these mice, indicating that these cells may have a regulatory function. In vitro assays demonstrated that IKDCs reduced the proliferation of both autoreactive B and T cells, suggesting that these may be the mechanisms used by these cells to ameliorate the lupus‐like phenotype in the B6.MRL‐Faslpr/J mice.
The biopsychosocial model of pain in the context of pediatric burn injuries
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Conroy Caitlin , Logan Deirdre 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundBurns are a common and traumatic source of childhood injury in the United States. The treatment and recovery from burn injuries can be significantly painful and may lead to chronic or persistent pain for years following the initial incident. Further, burn injuries in youth have been found to increase the potential for significant psychosocial (e.g., anxiety, depression,PTSD) and physical (e.g., decreased mobility) impairment. Relatedly, the general experience and processing of pain in youth can also be associated with greater psychosocial (e.g., anxiety, depression) impairment and functional disability over time. However, the phenomenology and associated characteristics of the pain experience following burn injury and, in particular, the potential for combined impact on physical and psychosocial outcomes in youth with severe and/or prolonged pain and a history of burn injury is poorly understood.MethodsA review of the literature was performed in the areas of burn injuries and outcomes associated with both acute and chronic pain with youth and adult populations.ResultsThe current review highlights current gaps in the literature in important areas of function in youth with a history of burn injuries using the biopsychosocial model of pain. Future research and considerations for practice are also outlined.ConclusionsGaining a greater understanding of the relationship between pain, physical impairment, and psychosocial functioning in these youth is significantly important in order to provide greater preventative and treatment‐related intervention going forward.SignificanceUsing a biopsychosocial framework, this review highlights the need for a greater understanding of pain processing and the long‐term potential for persistent pain and pain‐related impairment (e.g., functional disability) in youth with a history of burn injuries.
Musculoskeletal pain in adults born preterm: Evidence from two birth cohort studies
Authors: Evensen Kari Anne I. , Tikanmäki Marjaana , Heinonen Kati , Matinolli Hanna‐Maria , Sipola‐Leppänen Marika , Lano Aulikki , Wolke Dieter , Vääräsmäki Marja , Eriksson Johan G. , Andersson Sture , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Hovi Petteri , Räikkönen Katri , Kajantie Eero 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals born preterm are at risk of later developmental problems and long‐term morbidities. There is conflicting evidence regarding musculoskeletal pain in young adulthood. We investigated the prevalence of self‐reported musculoskeletal pain in young adults born across the range of preterm birth compared with a term‐born reference group.MethodsFrom two Finnish birth cohorts, 184 individuals born early preterm (<34 weeks), 350 late preterm (34 to <37 weeks) and 641 at term completed a self‐report questionnaire of musculoskeletal pain at mean age 24.1 (SD: 1.4) years. Group differences were examined by logistic regression models adjusting for sex, age and cohort (Model 1), potential early life confounders (Model 2) and lifestyle factors related to physical (Model 3) and mental health (Model 4).ResultsThe late preterm group had lower odds for reporting neck pain (0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–0.96), which was further reduced when adjusting for early life confounders and lifestyle factors (Model 4). Odds for reporting peripheral pain were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.48–0.99, Model 4) in the early preterm group. The odds for reporting any pain, shoulder, low back or widespread pain did not differ significantly between groups, although odds for reporting widespread pain were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.58–1.03, Model 4) in the late preterm group.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence of increased prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in adults born early or late preterm. In contrast, our results suggest that adults born preterm have a slightly lower risk of reporting musculoskeletal pain, also when we adjusted for lifestyle factors.SignificanceYoung adults born preterm do not have increased rates of musculoskeletal pain. Our findings rather suggest that these rates may be slightly lower than among those born at term.
Altered tactile localization and spatiotemporal integration in complex regional pain syndrome patients
Authors: Trojan Jörg , Speck Verena , Kleinböhl Dieter , Benrath Justus , Flor Herta , Maihöfner Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), altered perception of the affected hand and neglect‐like symptoms of the affected body side are common features. In this study, we presented tactile stimuli to the affected hands in CRPS patients and matched healthy controls.MethodsThe participants’ task was to point at the perceived positions of the stimuli using a tracking device. The spatial coordinates of the perceived positions were analysed for accuracy and consistency. We also presented patterns consisting of two stimuli at distinct positions with a delay of 100 ms. These patterns are known to induce spatiotemporal integration (“sensory saltation”).ResultsCRPS patients were less accurate and less consistent in the spatial perception of tactile stimuli on their hands. Furthermore, they showed increased spatiotemporal integration, although these effects were smaller than expected. These deficiencies were related to the clinically assessed intensity of recurrent pain episodes. Surprisingly, the intensity of clinically assessed ongoing pain was associated with increased precision.ConclusionsIn line with earlier reports, our findings indicate that the representation of the affected hands in CRPS patients is less accurate than in healthy people, probably reflecting reorganization in somatosensory cortices. The exact relationships between these findings and other aspects of CRPS remain to be elucidated.SignificanceCRPS patients performed poorly in localizing positions on their affected hands via pointing and exhibited increased spatiotemporal integration. The presented method may prove useful in diagnostics as well as psychophysical and neurofunctional research on CRPS and other chronic pain disorders.
Sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflicts are higher in complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia compared to arthritis and healthy people, and positively relate to pain intensity
Authors: Brun Clémentine , Mercier Catherine , Grieve Sharon , Palmer Shea , Bailey Jacqueline , McCabe Candida S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSensorimotor conflicts are well known to induce sensory disturbances. However, explanations as to why patients with chronic pain are more sensitive to sensorimotor conflicts remain elusive. The main objectives of this study were (a) to assess and compare the sensory disturbances induced by sensorimotor conflict in complex regional pain syndrome (n = 38), fibromyalgia (n = 36), arthritis (n = 34) as well as in healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 32); (b) to assess whether these disturbances were related to the intensity and duration of pain, or to other clinical variables assessed using questionnaires (abnormalities in sensory perception, depression and anxiety); and (c) to categorize different subgroups of conflict‐induced sensory disturbances.MethodsOne hundred and forty participants performed in phase or anti‐phase movements with their arms while viewing a reflection of one arm in a mirror (and the other arm obscured). They were asked to report changes in sensory disturbances using a questionnaire.ResultsFirst, results showed that patients with complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia were more prone to report sensory disturbances than arthritis patients and HV in response to conflicts (small effect size). Second, conflict‐induced sensory disturbances were correlated with pain intensity (large effect size) and abnormalities in sensory perception (only in the CRPS group) but were not related to the duration of the disease or psychological factors. Finally, we identified two distinct subgroups of conflict‐induced sensory disturbances.ConclusionsOur results suggest that pain lowers the threshold for the detection of sensorimotor conflicts, a phenomenon that could contribute to the maintenance of pain in clinical populations.SignificanceIndividuals with complex regional pain syndrome and fibromyalgia were more sensitive to sensorimotor conflicts than arthritis patients and controls. Moreover, conflict‐induced sensory disturbances were specific to higher pain intensity and higher sensory abnormalities in all groups, suggesting that pain lowers the threshold for the detection of sensorimotor conflicts.
Polishing approach with fully connected flow‐through purification for therapeutic monoclonal antibody
Authors: Ichihara Takamitsu , Ito Takao , Gillespie Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry is evolving toward process intensification that can offer increased productivity and improved economics without sacrificing process robustness. A semi‐continuous downstream process linking purification/polishing unit operations in series can reduce or eliminate intermediate holding tanks and reduce overall processing time. Accordingly, we have developed a therapeutic monoclonal antibody polishing template comprised of a connected flow‐through polishing technologies that include activated carbon, cation exchange, and anion‐exchange chromatography. In this report, we evaluated fully‐connected pool‐less polishing with three flow‐through technologies, operating as a single skid to streamline and improve an mAb purification platform. Laboratory‐scale pool‐less processing was achieved without utilizing in‐line pH adjustment and conductivity dilution based on the previously optimized single process parameter. Two connected flow‐through configurations of polishing steps were evaluated: a two‐step process using anion exchange and cation exchange and a three step process using activated carbon, anion exchange and cation exchange chromatography. Laboratory‐scale proof of concept studies showed comparable performance between the batch purification process and the pool‐less process configuration. Three step polishing highly intensified the processes and provided higher process loading and achieved bulk drug specification with higher impurity clearance (>95%) and high overall mAb yield (>95%).
Development KCl/CaO as a catalyst for biodiesel production by tri‐component coupling transesterification
Authors: Tang Ying , Liu Huan , Ren Haomiao , Cheng Qitong , Cui Yi , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2018

In this research, the optimized experimental conditions to obtain CaO supported KCl (KCl/CaO) as an efficient heterogeneous basic catalyst to produce no‐glycerol biodiesel using tri‐component (canola oil, dimethyl carbonate [DMC], and methanol) coupling transesterification was established. The solid base catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation of CaO in KCl solution and calcination subsequently, which greatly improved the reaction efficiency with high biodiesel yield of 96.4% at only 2 h. The KCl/CaO was characterized by techniques, such as BET surface area, XRD, CO2‐TPD, and SEM. Then, it was observed that the KCl introduced not only differed from CaO particles in the surface area and number of basic sites but also changed its base strength significantly. To obtain an improvement in conversion of canola oil, the influence on the catalytic performance of several kinetic parameters, such as mass ratio of catalyst to oil, reaction time, and molar ratio of methanol/oil/DMC were evaluated separately.Novelty or Significance: In this work, it was found that the catalytic performance of CaO‐based catalyst to coupling transesterification for no‐glycerol biodiesel production can be greatly improved by modifying CaO with KCl. As a result, the time to obtain as high as 96.4% yield of biodiesel over KCl/CaO can be greatly shortened from 5 to 2 h compared with common CaO. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 647–653, 2019
Preparation of Ni‐M (M: La, Co, Ce, and Fe) catalysts supported on mesoporous nanocrystalline γ‐Al2O3 for CO2 methanation
Authors: Rahmani Soudabeh , Meshkani Fereshteh , Rezaei Mehran 
Published: October 2018

In this study, the effect of adding second metals (La, Co, Ce, and Fe) to the nickel catalysts supported on mesoporous nanocrystalline γ‐Al2O3 in CO2 methanation was investigated. The co‐impregnation method was implemented to synthesize the bimetallic catalysts and the X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and temperature‐programmed reduction methods were employed for the catalyst characterization. According to the catalytic results, the addition of the second metals to the nickel‐based catalyst increased the catalyst reducibility and decreased the specific surface area from 143.3 to 107.9 m2/g and nickel crystallite size from 18.9 to 5.1 nm. Furthermore, the addition of 10 wt % lanthanum to the 20 wt % Ni/γ‐Al2O3 increased the CO2 conversion from 42% to 80.3% in methanation of carbon dioxide.
Novelty or Significance: The study is focused on the preparation and evaluation of the La, Co, Ce, and Fe‐promoted Ni/Al2O3 nanocatalysts with mesoporous structure in CO2 methanation reaction. The results confirmed that the incorporation of these compounds in catalyst composition improved the reducibility of the nickel catalyst and decreased the BET area and Ni crystallite size and affected the CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity. Among these metal oxides, the addition of La2O3 to the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst had the highest effect on the activity and selectivity of the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 118–126, 2019
Optimal sizing of a hybrid solar energy system using particle swarm optimization algorithm based on cost and pollution criteria
Authors: Charfi Sana , Atieh Ahmad , Chaabene Maher 
Published: October 2018

Sizing of hybrid energy systems is primarily determined based on either cost criterion or produced pollution criterion. Optimization of a hybrid energy system for a typical house in Tunisia is investigated using particle swarm optimization (PSO). To the best of our knowledge, PSO algorithm has not been used for PV/batteries bank/diesel generator energy system optimization. Different parameters—namely, cost, required maintenance of the parts, lifetime of each components, and pollution produced by the diesel generator—are investigated simultaneously as objectives for optimal design of the hybrid system. Different designs are considered for the hybrid system where CO2 emission is measured and system total cost is calculated. It is crucial to choose proper ranges of the parameters used in the PSO algorithm to achieve stable and global optimal solution. It is found that the cost of the system optimized using minimum pollution criterion has about 0.3% extra overall cost compared to the system optimized using minimum overall system cost criterion.New and simple method is proposed in this work to select the range of the PV panels' number to achieve optimal solution of PSO algorithm. This method is based on calculating the number of PV panels under different conditions of solar radiation and load values. The considered conditions are maximum solar radiation, 50% of maximum radiation, and the radiation at 9:00 AM for maximum and minimum load values. The choice of these conditions was arbitrary and contemplated to cover a wide range of different possible solar radiation in the year. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13055, 2019
Rethinking the evolution of property and possession: A review and methodological proposition
Authors: Tibble Lucy , Carvalho Susana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProperty is a key feature of modern human society; however, identifying the origin of this multifaceted behavior poses a formidable challenge. Here, we explore the methodologies for researching the origin of property. We discuss how an interdisciplinary approach can shed light on how our human ancestors shifted behaviorally from possessing an object to having exclusive property control over it. Possession occurs when social group members only respect an individual's claim to have exclusive access to an object when the individual has physical control over the object. Property occurs when an individual can claim exclusive access to an object, without challenge, regardless of whether the object is in their physical control or not. Researchers across different disciplines have asked what, if anything, distinguishes human property behavior from the behavior of other animals? Further, when and how did this behavior evolve in our lineage? Due to the considerable methodological challenges posed by researching this topic, few studies have been able to directly address these questions. In this review, we explore the challenges involved in defining property and possession and suggest a two‐step approach to interdisciplinary definitions. Next, we evaluate four core approaches to the study of property behavior: evolutionary game theory, ethology, comparative cognition, and developmental psychology. Finally, we propose an empirical study, using an ethological approach to test the presence of property and possessive behavior in a natural setting, using our closest living relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Overall, we argue that this field of research is at a turning point, where the novel integration of various methods may provide an explanation to the origin of property.
Nutritional characterization of carobs and traditional carob products
Authors: Papaefstathiou Eleni , Agapiou Agapios , Giannopoulos Stelios , Kokkinofta Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwenty traditional carob products were measured for their nutritional composition, and their results were compared with the pulp of Cypriot carob cultivars. Moisture, ash, fat, proteins, sugars, dietary fibers, minerals, caffeine‐theobromine, carbohydrates, and energy value were determined. Fluctuations of the nutritional composition values based on the ingredients’ chemical synthesis and product manufacturing process were noted. Only 60% of the products had a label indicating their nutritional value, and the majority of them (75%) were consistent with that of labeling. Chemometric analyses distinguished the carob products according to their type and the discriminator components highlighted their particular nutritional value. Carobs can be characterized as functional foods with low‐fat content, high content in dietary fibers, and high content and/or source of minerals; however, carob products partially satisfied those health and nutritional claims as expected. This pilot research contributes to the nutritional estimation of carob and highlights the traditional carob products.