bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racist Monuments: The Beauty is the Beast
Authors: Lai Ten-Herng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile much has been said about what ought to be done about the statues and monuments of racist, colonial, and oppressive figures, a significantly undertheorised aspect of the debate is the aesthetics of commemorations. I believe that this philosophical oversight is rather unfortunate. I contend that taking the aesthetic value of commemorations seriously can help us (a) better understand how and the extent to which objectionable commemorations are objectionable, (b) properly formulate responses to aesthetic defences of objectionable commemorations, and c) help us explore aesthetic solutions—for example, artistic interventions as counterspeech—to objectionable commemorations. Here, I propose that the aesthetic value of objectionable commemorations can amplify the force of the objectionable messages conveyed, and the moral disvalue of objectionable commemorations can hinder our appreciation of their aesthetic value. These two considerations shall help us answer the practical question of what to do about objectionable commemorations of apparently good aesthetic value. Both, I shall argue, give us further reason to remove, replace, recontextualise, or even vandalise objectionable commemorations. Sometimes we need to save the art from its own immorality to best respect its aesthetic value.
The Past, Present and Future of Voter ID in Great Britain—Voter Turnout, Rejection and Confidence
Authors: Stanford Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the implementation of voter identification at polling stations for elections in Great Britain, in particular following the passage of the Elections Act 2022. For this purpose it groups the affected and most significant elections into four chronological studies. These are, first, the initial pilot schemes conducted in 2018 and 2019, second, the May 2023 local elections in England, third, the 10 parliamentary by-elections held in Great Britain between July 2023 and May 2024, and fourth, the July 2024 UK General Election which marked by far the biggest test of the new requirements. The article examines the historical context and key statutory provisions which introduced voter ID, before analysing the respective studies relying on official Electoral Commission and UK Parliament data, as well as data gathered by volunteer organisations and the author’s own observations at polling stations. For this purpose, the case studies focus on the issues of voter turnout, rejection and confidence, as these are easily quantifiable measures which can assist with the legal analysis. As such, the article assesses the legality of voter identification laws in the UK, in particular from a human rights perspective, arguing that the implementation of voter ID has been problematic from the outset. Data produced after the elections raises further questions over the necessity and proportionality of the measures, suggesting that further reforms are needed if the policy is to remain in place.
Multilevel importance sampling for rare events associated with the McKean–Vlasov equation
Authors: Ben Rached Nadhir , Haji-Ali Abdul-Lateef , Subbiah Pillai Shyam Mohan , Tempone Raúl 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work combines multilevel Monte Carlo with importance sampling to estimate rare-event quantities that can be expressed as the expectation of a Lipschitz observable of the solution to a broad class of McKean–Vlasov stochastic differential equations. We extend the double loop Monte Carlo (DLMC) estimator introduced in this context in Ben Rached et al. (Stat Comput, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-024-10497-3) to the multilevel setting. We formulate a novel multilevel DLMC estimator and perform a comprehensive cost-error analysis yielding new and improved complexity results. Crucially, we devise an antithetic sampler to estimate level differences guaranteeing reduced computational complexity for the multilevel DLMC estimator compared with the single-level DLMC estimator. To address rare events, we apply the importance sampling scheme, obtained via stochastic optimal control in Ben Rached et al. (2024), over all levels of the multilevel DLMC estimator. Combining importance sampling and multilevel DLMC reduces computational complexity by one order and drastically reduces the associated constant compared to the single-level DLMC estimator without importance sampling. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multilevel DLMC estimator on the Kuramoto model from statistical physics with Lipschitz observables, confirming the reduced complexity from

$${\mathcal {O}(\textrm{TOL}_{\textrm{r}}^{-4})}$$

O
(

TOL

r

-
4

)

for the single-level DLMC estimator to

$${\mathcal {O}(\textrm{TOL}_{\textrm{r}}^{-3})}$$

O
(

TOL

r

-
3

)

while providing a feasible estimate of rare-event quantities up to prescribed relative error tolerance

$$\textrm{TOL}_{\textrm{r}}$$

TOL
r

.
Statistical and source characterization of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Türkiye earthquake sequence
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Quetzalcoatl , Zúñiga F. Ramón 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe studied seismic features of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Türkiye earthquake sequence by analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of the b- and -p values and source characteristics of the mainshocks. We complemented our study by determining the regional stress field. The b-values in the region varied from 0.45 to 1.15. We observed a slight b-value decrease (Δb≈0.2) months before the two mainshocks. Our results exhibited complex b-value patterns on the fault planes and regular aftershock productivity rates (1.14 < p < 1.25). We compare static stress drop estimates derived from effective fault dimensions to those of finite-fault dimensions. Total effective stress drops (the sum of the stress drops of all fault segments) for the earthquake doublet were almost identical (~ 2.05 MPa), while those from finite-fault dimensions are somewhat lower (0.35 and 0.96 MPa). Based on a complete stress drop case, effective seismic efficiency was 0.65 and 0.43 for both mainshocks. The amount of partial stress drop was used to discriminate between different stress drop models. No clear model is discerned for the first mainshock, but a partial or even complete stress drop, assuming finite-fault dimensions, is supported by our measurements. Stress drop estimations derived from spectral analysis (25.46 and 34.39 MPa) agreed with global studies but larger than finite and effective fault estimates. Stress inversion results indicated that in the fault segments where the mainshocks occurred, the orientation of principal axes was consistent with a strike-slip regime. Conversely, the normal-faulting regime dominates adjacent areas of the main fault system.
Automated Manufacturing Processes and Platforms for Large-scale Production of Clinical-grade Mesenchymal Stem/ Stromal Cells
Authors: Strecanska Magdalena , Sekelova Tatiana , Smolinska Veronika , Kuniakova Marcela , Nicodemou Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold immense potential for regenerative medicine due to their remarkable regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, their therapeutic application requires large-scale production under stringent regulatory standards and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, presenting significant challenges. This review comprehensively evaluates automated manufacturing processes and platforms for the scalable production of clinical-grade MSCs. Various large-scale culture vessels, including multilayer flasks and bioreactors, are analyzed for their efficacy in MSCs expansion. Furthermore, automated MSCs production platforms, such as Quantum® Cell Expansion System, CliniMACS Prodigy®, NANT001/ XL, CellQualia™, Cocoon® Platform, and Xuri™ Cell Expansion System W25 are reviewed and compared as well. We also underscore the importance of optimizing culture media specifically emphasizing the shift from fetal bovine serum to humanized or serum-free alternatives to meet GMP standards. Moreover, advances in alternative cryopreservation methods and controlled-rate freezing systems, that offer promising improvements in MSCs preservation, are discussed as well. In conclusion, advancing automated manufacturing processes and platforms is essential for realizing the full potential of MSCs-based regenerative medicine and accomplishing the increasing demand for cell-based therapies. Collaborative initiatives involving industry, academia, and regulatory bodies are emphasized to accelerate the translation of MSCs-based therapies into clinical practice.
Graphical Abstract
Enhancing misogyny detection in bilingual texts using explainable AI and multilingual fine-tuned transformers
Authors: Hashmi Ehtesham , Yayilgan Sule Yildirim , Yamin Muhammad Mudassar , Ullah Mohib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gendered disinformation undermines women’s rights, democratic principles, and national security by worsening societal divisions through authoritarian regimes’ intentional weaponization of social media. Online misogyny represents a harmful societal issue, threatening to transform digital platforms into environments that are hostile and inhospitable to women. Despite the severity of this issue, efforts to persuade digital platforms to strengthen their protections against gendered disinformation are frequently ignored, highlighting the difficult task of countering online misogyny in the face of commercial interests. This growing concern underscores the need for effective measures to create safer online spaces, where respect and equality prevail, ensuring that women can participate fully and freely without the fear of harassment or discrimination. This study addresses the challenge of detecting misogynous content in bilingual (English and Italian) online communications. Utilizing FastText word embeddings and explainable artificial intelligence techniques, we introduce a model that enhances both the interpretability and accuracy in detecting misogynistic language. To conduct an in-depth analysis, we implemented a range of experiments encompassing classic machine learning methodologies and conventional deep learning approaches to the recent transformer-based models incorporating both language-specific and multilingual capabilities. This paper enhances the methodologies for detecting misogyny by incorporating incremental learning for cutting-edge datasets containing tweets and posts from different sources like Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit, with our proposed approach outperforming these datasets in metrics such as accuracy, F1-score, precision, and recall. This process involved refining hyperparameters, employing optimization techniques, and utilizing generative configurations. By implementing Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), we further elucidate the rationale behind the model’s predictions, enhancing understanding of its decision-making process.
A novel approach to enhancing smart stiffness of soft robotic gripper fingers for wider grasping capability
Authors: El-Sayed Amr M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a proposed design of soft gripper fingers with adjustable stiffness that could be employed in the applications requiring adaptable and stable grasping. The main idea is to combine the under-actuated cable driven mechanism of a soft gripper finger with particle and layer jamming mechanisms to create a new grasping function with variable stiffness for different manipulation requirements. The movement of the soft gripper finger is produced by a cable-driven mechanism. However, particle and layer jamming chambers were embodied as a variable stiffness mechanism for the variable stiffness function. A single soft gripper finger module was developed and tested with particle and layer jamming chamber attached to it. The stiffness and response time of the soft gripper finger were measured in three distinct configurations: single finger module, particle jamming chamber attached to the finger, and layer jamming chamber attached to the finger. The comparison reveals that combining a soft finger with particle jamming increased performance by 20% compared to using the soft finger alone, while combining it with layer jamming led to an 80% increase. Additionally, layer jamming combined with a soft finger showed a 28% increase compared to particle jamming combined with a soft finger. Furthermore, simulation of the soft finger was conducted to estimate the deflection of the soft gripper finger under various applied forces. Moreover, proposed closed loop smart stiffness mechanism for the soft gripper was modeled and simulated by evaluating both soft and hard objects and simulation results were obtained for different cases. The findings indicated that the stiffness of the soft gripper finger can be adjusted for different grasping requirements.
Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Benefits Recipients
Authors: Lou Christine Wei-Mien , Chow Julian Chun-Chung , Ren Cheng , Zhou Leyi , Yang Helen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted employment, housing, and food security for low-income public benefits recipients. The present study seeks to understand public recipients’ self-reported critical and ongoing needs at the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses logistic regression to analyze survey data gathered on 10,089 public benefits recipients in the early stage of the pandemic to better understand their self-reported critical and ongoing needs. We also explored variations in need among different racial/ethnic groups and public benefits receipt status. Our research found that respondents from most racial/ethnic minority groups indicated a significant need for food, housing, and back-rent, with variation among different racial/ethnic groups in expressing specific needs for finding employment and help with applying for public benefits. Our findings also identify SNAP/CalFresh recipients as a particularly vulnerable group, and they were more likely to need help with food insecurity, finding employment, applying for public benefits, and paying backrent. While numerous federal, state, and local programs and initiatives were created to address widespread need, this study identifies potential gaps in these efforts and increases understanding of how to target aid for low-income populations in times of crisis.
Are the robots taking over? On AI and perceived existential risk
Authors: Hilliard Airlie , Kazim Emre , Ledain Stephan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly infiltrating our lives, and a large proportion of the population use the technology whether they know it or not. While AI can offer significant transformative benefits, this is only true if it is used in a safe and responsible way with the right guardrails. Indeed, there have been several instances of harm resulting from the use of AI without the appropriate safeguards in place. As such, it is unsurprising that there are mixed views of AI in society, where the negative view can in fact manifest as a dystopian view of “robots taking over”. In this paper, we explore these positive and negative views of AI and the factors driving such perceptions. We propose that negative perceptions of AI often concern job displacement, bias and fairness, and misalignment with human values, while positive perceptions typically focus on specific applications and benefits of AI, such as in scientific research, healthcare, and education. Moreover, we posit that the types of perceptions one has about AI are driven by their proximity to AI, whether general or specific applications of AI are being considered, knowledge of AI, and how it is framed in the media. We end with a framework for reducing threat perceptions of AI, such that the technology can be embraced more confidently in tandem with risk management practices.
Agenda for psychological and behavioural science of transformative behavioural change
Authors: Krpan Dario 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the emergence of psychological and behavioural science, one of its foundational goals has been to explain human behaviour. Although the discipline has been highly successful in this endeavour, there is an elephant in the room. Psychological and behavioural science has neglected studying the most challenging aspect of human behaviour−transformative behavioural change. This change can be described as a fundamental and difficult-to-achieve shift in someone’s actions that involves a transformation of one’s way of living. Understanding transformative behavioural change is essential not only for psychological and behavioural science to accomplish its foundational goal but also to maintain its contemporary relevance. Indeed, it is imminent that both solving the world’s biggest issues (e.g., climate change) and living through major disruptions (e.g., technological revolution) will require people to transform their behaviour. In this perspective, I first review and discuss previous relevant research, and then propose a seven-step agenda for how psychological and behavioural science can become the science of transformative behavioural change.
Learning-by-doing: an insight worthy of the pantheon and how to do it in teams
Authors: Hargreaves Heap Shaun P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I pick up on an important theme in Mario Rizzo’s work: that rationality should be understood more broadly than the rational choice model as learning to adjust behaviour in the light of experience and the mistakes that it yields. In particular, I focus on learning-by-doing (LBD). I argue in the first part of the paper that it should be regarded as one of the central insights in economics, alongside those that are more usually recognised like the gains from trade and the importance of unintended consequences. I use Smith and Hirschman’s discussion of LBD to ground this claim. In the second part of the paper, I turn to the determinants of LBD in teams. I argue that the key rule or constitutional/policy design question is how best to embrace the diversity that is central to LBD within teams without this undermining the social origins of co-operation in teams.
Protocols for postcapitalist finance: A reply
Authors: Bryan Dick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProtocols for Postcapitalist Expression is a book published by members of the Economic Space Agency. Its objective is to frame protocols (social agreements) on which to build the conditions for an economic system that is distributed (no centralised control) and can express network views about what constitutes, and how to measure, ‘value’ (value beyond profit). An insightful review by William Morgan (2024) probes some key dimensions of our project. This reply both reframes some of William’s insights and takes issue with others, especially those which emphasise a Hayekian interpretation.
Insurrection through the balance sheet
Authors: Chambers Samuel A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhat has actually happened to the political economy of the United States over the last half-century? For too long now, ‘neoliberalism’ has been the standard answer given, yet today, the term seems to have lost both its analytic and critical capacities. Melinda Cooper’s Counterrevolution offers readers a fresh and productive response to this fundamental question of contemporary political economy. Cooper comes neither to praise nor bury neoliberalism but to shift from the level of generalizing accounts or polemics to the level of concrete ideas and the policies they have engendered. She directs attention away from the Chicago school and toward both the Virginia School of public choice theory and a long line of supply-side thinkers. On strictly economic grounds, these two strands ought to be in tension, but Cooper illuminates their political convergence: agreeing to constrain ‘certain kinds of public spending’, they implemented a politics committed to inflating asset values for the wealthy while holding workers’ wage growth in check. This balance-sheet insurrection, which directs the flow of capitalist value upward, stopped and reversed the potential Keynesian revolution that had been underway in the 1950s and 1960s.
The Atiyah class on algebraic stacks
Authors: Kuhn Nikolas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We generalize Illusie’s definition of the Atiyah class to complexes with quasi-coherent cohomology on arbitrary algebraic stacks. We show that this gives a global obstruction theory for moduli stacks of complexes in algebraic geometry without derived methods. We give a similar generalization of the reduced Atiyah class, and we show various useful properties for working with Atiyah classes, such as compatibilities between the reduced and ordinary Atiyah class, and compatibility with tensor products and determinants.
A NOTE ON THE STRONG ERDŐS–HAJNAL PROPERTY FOR GRAPHS WITH BOUNDED VC-MINIMAL COMPLEXITY
Authors: FU YAYI 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Inspired by Adler’s idea on VC minimal theories [1], we introduce VC-minimal complexity. We show that for any

$N\in \mathbb {N}^{>0}$

, there is

$k_N>0$

such that for any finite bipartite graph

$(X,Y;E)$

with VC-minimal complexity

$< N$

, there exist

$X'\subseteq X$

,

$Y'\subseteq Y$

with

$|X'|\geq k_N |X|$

,

$|Y'|\geq k_N |Y|$

such that

$X'\times Y' \subseteq E$

or

$X'\times Y'\cap E=\emptyset $

.
Pellets enriched with healthy hay and quebracho are not sufficient to control gastrointestinal nematodes in meat sheep commercial flocks
Authors: Bordes Léa , Souchon Corentin , Claessens Alice , Lavigne Sophie , Bouix Geneviève , Goyenetche Margaux , Sagot Laurence , Grisez Christelle , Merlande Guy-Gérard , Jacquiet Philippe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The emergence of AH multiresistant GIN compromises sustainability of grassland sheep farming worldwide. Plants rich in condensed tannins are an alternative method of parasitism management that is currently being explored. Feed supplementation trials with pellets rich in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and quebracho (Schinopsis spp.) were carried out. Three meat sheep farms in western France took part in the study and a total of 4 trials were carried out.
During these 21-day trials, the ewes were returned to the sheepfold and half of them received a balanced ration supplemented with 70 g day−1 of healthy hay and quebracho pellets, while the other half received the same ration supplemented with 70 g day−1 of lucerne pellets. Fecal egg counts (FEC) were carried out at the start and end of each trial, and nematode species were identified by real-time PCR after larval culture. At D0, FEC were similar in both groups for all 4 trials. Proportions of species infecting the ewes varied from 1 trial to another: Haemonchus contortus was predominant in summer and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in winter. At D21, there were no significant differences in FEC between groups. Helminthofauna were not significantly different between groups, except for 1 trial where the proportion of H. contortus was reduced in the group supplemented with condensed-tannin pellets. The use of condensed tannins still requires additional studies to be advised as an effective method to manage gastrointestinal nematodes in farm.