bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PO-061 Differential expression of proteins in urea from male athletes after 30 km running evaluated by proteomics
Authors: Lin Wen  Tao , Lin HaiQi 
Published: October 2018

Objective In order to elucidate the target proteins of exercise-induced stress, differential expression of proteins in urine from male athletes after 30 km running was evaluated by proteomics.
Methods Urine samples were collected from ten male runners before and after 30 km running. The differential expression profile of urine proteins was investigated by using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) procedures.
Results Totally 1011 ± 243 and 1737 ± 15 protein spots were detected from 2-DE of urine samples harvested from the subjects before and after 30 km running. In addition, 110 protein spots with differential expression were achieved. After exercise, 10 proteins with ≥5 fold up-regulation and 23 new proteins were observed; 18 protein spots with ≥5 fold down-regulation were observed and 6 proteins were disappeared. The target proteins were identified as zinc-α2-glycoprotein, albumin, vitamin D-binding protein, prostate-specific antigen, β-actin and Bence-Jones protein (BJP), which are correlated with the change of energy metabolism pathway, material transport and stress protection in the body.
Conclusions An obviously differential protein expression profile in urine samples from the subjects after 30 km running is achieved, which provides a new idea for further exploring exercise-induced proteinuria. However, further studies need to develop urine protein profiles of athletes, which will benefit for monitoring sport competition and doping control as well as excessive exercise-induced diseases.
PO-072 Study on immune function monitoring during altitude training for adolescent athletes
Authors: Gan Chunlong , Zhao Jin , Qiu Xiaoxia , Zong Lei 
Published: October 2018

Objective Monitoring the changes of the body's immune function during altitude training is of great significance for understanding the athlete's physical function and judging the degree of fatigue. In this paper, the immune function of adolescent athletes in sports training in different altitudes was monitored, and the effects of different altitude training on immunoglobulins and T lymphocytes and their subgroups in adolescent athletes were discussed.
Methods Male adolescent middle and long distance runners were divided into two groups according to training performance, 2500m group (10 people, age: 14.8±1.4 years old, height: 163.6±7.3cm, weight: 49.5±6.0kg, training period: 1.2±0.6 years) and 1800m group (10 people, age: 15.7±1.7 years old, height: 164.7±8.8cm, weight: 49.2±6.1kg, training period: 1.3±0.8 years) volunteered to participate in the 2-stage training (3 weeks plateau and 3 weeks plain). The change of CD3+CD4、CD3+CD8+CD4+/CD8+IgAIgGIgM were tested every week.
Results The result showed that: (1)The 2500m group had shown statistical differences of CD3+CD4+CD3+CD8+ at different times, and CD4+/CD8+ had no changes. The 1800m group had not shown statistical differences of CD3+CD4+CD4+/CD8+ at different times. Compared with the base value, the CD3+CD8+ was significantly increased (P<0.01). There was no statistical differences of CD3+CD4CD3+CD8+CD4+/CD8+ at different times between two groups. (2)The 2500m group had not shown significant changes of IgA. Three weeks altitude training following with three week plain training the IgM and IgG showed a downward trend; and compared with altitude period, the IgM and IgG was lower in plain(P<0.05). The 1800m group had not shown statistical differences of IgAIgMIgG at different times. There was no statistical differences of IgAIgMIgG at different times between two groups.
Conclusions The immunity function of adolescent athletes is more affected during high altitude training, suggesting that the adolescent athletes in the pursuit of high altitude training should pay attention to the monitoring and regulation of immunity function. CD3+CD8+ is more sensitive to hypoxia which can be used as a sensitive indicator and has significant meaning in monitoring altitude training.
PO-073 The influence of cold acclimatization training on plasma NO and NOS contents in recruits
Authors: Liu Taobo 
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the influence of cold acclimatization training on plasma NO and NOS contents in recruits, so as to provide basis for further study of cold acclimatization mechanism and training methods.
Methods 50 new recruits in cold regions were chosen as study objects，were divided randomly into two groups. Control group did normal exercise, the experimental group was trained according to the cold acclimatization training plan. The content of NO and NOS in the blood plasma were detected respectively before training and 30 days after training．
Results Comparison between after training and before training，the content of plasma NO in experimental group increased very significantly (P<0.01), and the content of plasma NOS decreased very significantly (P<0.01)after training. The content of plasma NO in the control group was significantly higher than that before training (P<0.05), and the content of plasma NOS was significantly lower than that before training (P<0.05). Comparison of two groups after training，the plasma NO content of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the plasma NOS content was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions The local cold stimulation combined with the extension of outdoor exercise time can promote the changes in the content of NO and NOS, so as to adjust the vasoconstriction and make the body adaptable to the cold.
PO-074 Acute effects of lactate administration prior to endurance exercise on intramuscular signaling
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Kitaoka Yu , Matsunaga Yutaka , Hatta Hideo 
Published: October 2018

Objective High-intensity exercise, which increases blood lactate concentration, is known as an effective method to induce mitochondrial biogenesis compared to traditional endurance exercise. In addition, it has been reported that lactate acts as a signaling molecule inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that efficacy of high-intensity exercise is partly induced by lactate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lactate administration on signaling related to mitochondrial biogenesis.
Methods 8-week-old male ICR mice were used in this study. Mice were intraperitoneally administrated phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 1 g/kg of body weight of sodium lactate. Immediately after the administration, mice were kept sedentary or performed treadmill exercise (20 m/min) for 60 min. Hence, there are the following four groups in this study: the PBS-sedentary, the Lactate-sedentary, the PBS-exercised and the Lactate-exercised. The blood, and the soleus and the plantaris muscles were harvested immediately after the rest or exercise. Nucleus and mitochondria were isolated to assess the localization of p53. Two-way ANOVA (Lactate x Exercise) was performed for statistical analysis.
Results We first measured blood substrates and muscle glycogen concentrations. Lactate administration significantly increased blood lactate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Exercise significantly decreased glycogen concentration both in the soleus and the plantaris muscles. Furthermore, lactate administration significantly decreased muscle glycogen concentration only in the soleus muscle. To clarify the effects of lactate administration on intramuscular signaling, we assessed kinases related to mitochondrial biogenesis. Main effect of exercise was observed in phosphorylation state of AMPK, ACC, p38 MAPK, and CaMKII in the soleus and the plantaris muscles. There was a trend of negative effect of lactate in CaMKII phosphorylation in the soleus muscle. However, there was no effect of lactate administration on the other kinases. We also investigated phosphorylation and localization of p53. As a result, lactate administration tended to increase p53 phosphorylation in the plantaris muscle. However, p53 was not translocated to nucleus or mitochondria.
Conclusions Lactate administration affected plasma FFA concentration and muscle glycogen concentration. However, acute lactate administration did not dramatically change intracellular signaling assessed in this study.
PO-076 High and moderate intensity strength exercises to exhaustion activate different signaling cascades regulating protein metabolism in trained skeletal muscle
Authors: Lysenko Evgeny , Popov Daniil , Vepkhvadze Tatiana , Vinogradova Olga 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the activation of signaling cascades regulating protein synthesis and degradation after strength exercise sessions of high and moderate intensity in the muscles of athletes adapted to strength training.
Methods Eight strength-trained men were recruited for the experiment. The volunteers performed 4 sets of leg press to volitional fatigue with moderate intensity (65% 1RM) for one leg and 4 sets of leg press to volitional fatigue with high intensity (85% of 1RM) for contralateral leg. The sets for both legs were performed in turn with rest intervals of 2 min. Biopsy from m. vastus lateralis was performed before, 1, 5 and 10 hours after cessation of exercise. Content of signaling proteins was evaluated using Western blot.
Results Total work performed by the leg during moderate intensity strength exercise was 32% (P˂0,001) higher in comparison with contralateral leg performing high intensity exercise. The phosphorylation levels of p70S6kThr389 and 4E-BP1Thr37 / 46 increased only after the exercise of moderate intensity (P˂0.05). On the contrary, the phosphorylation level of ERK1 / 2Thr202 / Tyr204 increased only after the exercise of high intensity (P˂0.05). The level of phosphorylation of eEF2Thr56 significantly decreased after 1 (P˂0.001), 5 (P˂0.01) and 10 (P˂0.01) hours after the exercise of high intensity. The phosphorylation level of ACCSer79, an AMPK activation marker, was significantly increased 1 hour after the exercise of moderate intensity (P˂0.01). The phosphorylation level of FOXO1Ser256 significantly decreased after the exercises of both intensities (5 hours after the exercise of moderate intensity, P˂0.001; 1 hour after the exercise of high intensity, P˂0.05).
Conclusions Strength exercises of high and moderate intensity, performed to volitional fatigue, may cause activation of different signaling cascades. Herewith, activation of mTORC1 after strength exercise is more dependent on the total work, whereas the ERK1 / 2 and eEF2 activation on the exercise intensity.
The work was supported by RFBR grant №17-04-00878.
PO-087 4-weeks hypoxia (HHL) training improves rowers’ cutaneous microcirculation
Authors: Meng Zhijun , Gao Binghong 
Published: October 2018

Objective Sport scientists always pay attention to cardiorespiratory and hematologic system on benefit of hypoxic training, but peripheral circulation may be one of these benefit, which is one cause of improving performance. So, in order to know whether or not hypoxic training affect athletes’ cutaneous microcirculation, we test rowers’ microcirculation for 4 weeks’ High Live-High Train-Low exercise(HHL).
Methods The subject is 21 male rowers of Shanghai rowing team.12 of them take part in 4 weeks HHL (train and live at 2500m, exercise at 100m), while 9 of them train in normoxia. Forearm and leg cutaneous blood flow(CBF) was measured using a laser doppler flowmeter (PeriFlux600, Perimed, Sweden) at room temperature (22℃) with subject lying position and after testing in that position for at least 10min. We tested the forearm and leg blood flow, and also the blood flow when localized heating to 44℃ for 3 mins. Microvascular reactivity(MVR) was evaluated form the maximal post occlusive reactive hyperemia(PORH) following 3-min forearm ischemia produced by cuff inflation (200mm Hg). Similar procedures have been used by other investigators. Blood pressure was measured by brachial auscultation. SPO2 and heart rate was measured by a hand hold pulse oximeter (NONIN, 9500, USA) .The blood flow was measured 4 times, baseline, 1stweek, 3rdweek and post.
Results Blood flow and CMBC of forearm of HHL increased significantly at 1stweek(8.9,13.0;112.0,151.0,P<0.05), but thigh and NOM group did not increase. The lowest and highest blood flow of PORH both increase at 1stweek(2,9,3.2;46.0,53.0;0.05<P<0.1). At 3rdweek, HHL group’s resting blood flow and CMBC of forearm is lower than 1stweek(9.3,13.0;124.5,151.0), but higher than pretraining, but velocity of blood flow decreased(8.2,9.2).
These results suggest at early stage of HHL, vasoconstriction may be dominant. But when rowers suffer more and more hypoxia, vasodilation and angiogenesis may play a key role in their skin blood flow. At 3rdweek after training, the blood flow and CMBC are similar with baseline.
Conclusions 4 weeks HHL training of rowers increase forearm blood flow, but no thigh. This is because thigh is main working muscle of rowers, which may be affected by training status and fatigue. And also, PORH reserve capacity is an indicator of endothelial function. In this study, we find HHL rowers increase their PORH reserve capacity, which means endothelial function is improved by hypoxia training. So, besides the traditional research of Hematologic System on hypoxia training, we find 4 weeks HHL training increase forearm blood flow and improve endothelial function. This may be one mechanism of improving performance, which need more studies to confirm.
PO-097 The effect of 4 weeks intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of excellent rowers
Authors: Dong Huihui , Gao Binghong 
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the effect of intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of elite rowers ,and providing theoretical basis for the application of this method in sports science.
Methods The 15 elite male athletes selected from the national rowing training team were divided into experimental group and control group. The daily training plans of the two groups were the same. The members of experimental group were treated for 20 minutes by the Vacusport Regeneration System from German, five times one week, for a total of 4-weeks. The control group did not use any intervention. Before and after 4 weeks, venous blood from 15 male athletes was used to test athletes 'red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT), creatine kinase(CK), blood urea nitrogen(BU), testosterone(T), cortisol(C) et, Observing the changes about data from two tests.
Results There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention. The results of the intra-group comparison were as follows:(1) The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the experimental group decreased by 2.90 %, 3.80 %, and 1.08 % respectively. The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the control group decreased by 6.55 %, 7.02%, 4.03% respectively, and the decline of RBC and HGB showed statistically significant changes(p<0.05).（2）The CK and BU values of the experimental group increased by 1.26 % and 27.08 % respectively, and the increase of BU had statistically significant changes(p<0.05). The CK and BU values of the control group increased by 33.10 % and 9.54 % respectively. (3) The values of T, C and T / C in experimental group decreased by 11.85 %, 7.6 % and 4.31 % respectively. The values of T, C and T / C in the control group decreased by 16.38 %, 4.03 % and 19.39 % respectively, and the decrease of T values was statistically significant(p<0.05).
Conclusions The intermittent negative pressure therapy can promote the athletes' metabolism, relieve the degree of the decline of functional state, and prevent the occurrence of fatigue.
PO-007 Association of six gene polymorphism with tendon injuries in Chinese athletes
Authors: Wei Qi 
Published: October 2018

Objective In recent years, more and more studies have shown that gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility and recovery of sports injury. We select Collagen type I alpha 1 gene(COL1A1 ),Collagen type V alpha 1 gene (COL5A1),Collagen type XII alpha 1 gene (COL12A1),1ollagen type XIV alpha 1 gene(COL14A1),Tenascin C gene(TNC), Growth/differentiation factor-5 gene(GDF-5) polymorphic loci to study their relationship with tendon injuries in Chinese athletes.
Methods A case-control experiment was designed to analyze the distribution characteristics of six gene polymorphism loci in 65 chinese athlete injured group and 115 control group. These six polymorphic loci were detected by PCR-RFLP.
Results The distributions of COL1A1 TT genotype , COL5A1 CC genotype and GDF-5 CC genotype were decreased in injured group compared with the control group. The COL12A1,COL14A1, TNC gene polymorphic loci showed no significant difference between two groups. The COL1A1, COL5A1 and GDF-5 genes were involved in encoding for collagen, matrix metallopeptidase, tenascin and growth factors which protect the athletic from the musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in tendon and ligament tissues.
Conclusions The genetic loci will help to identify individuals with advantageous physical performance and a lower chance of suffering from injuries.
PO-008 Influences of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms in elite female soccer athletes
Authors: Wei Qi 
Published: October 2018

Objective The performance phenotype is regulated by polygenes .There were few reports about the cumulative effect of the I/D polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and ACTN3 in athletes.This study was to investigate the association of ACEI/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms with the performance of Chinese elite female soccer athletes for the first time.
Methods The genotype distributions of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X in the athlete group (N=92) and the control group of Chinese females (N=200) were evaluated via PCR and compared.
Results Regarding the distribution of ACE polymorphisms, the genotype frequency was indifferent between the athletes (II 40.2%, ID 46.7%, DD 13.1%) and the controls (II 42%, ID 48%, DD 10%) based on the chi-square test. No difference in the I/D allele frequency was observed between the athlete group (I allele: 59.25%; D allele: 40.75%) and the control group (I allele: 60.8%; D allele: 39.2%). Regarding the distribution of ACTN3 polymorphisms, the genotype frequency was significantly different between the athletes (XX 0%, XR 53.3%, RR 46.7%) and the controls (XX 16%, XR 44%, RR 40%). The allele frequency was observed no different between the athlete and the control group (X allele:34.8%/41.7%; R allele: 65.2%/58.3%, respectively). The ACE and ACTN3 genotype combinations (II/ID/DD+RR/XR) significantly differed between the athletes and the controls by χ2 test (p<0.05).
Conclusions These results suggested that the Chinese elite female soccer athletes were more likely to harbor the I allele and the R allele and that the combination of ACE II/ID and ACTN3 RR/XR was a synergetic determinant of the athletic performance of females in soccer.
PO-015 Meta-analysis on the relationship between PGC-1α -482 genetic polymorphism and exercise intervention in insulin resistance
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Chun-Yan 
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of PGC-1α -482 and insulin resistance to exercise intervention.
Methods Databases including PubMed (includes MEDLINE)， SCOPUS (a large, multidisciplinary database) and the Cochrane Library were searched to collecting the literatures that were with information on relationship between the genetic polymorphism of PGC-1α -482 and insulin resistance to exercise intervention. The odds ratio (OR) o f PGC-1α genotype distributions in cases-control groups was calculated. The Meta-analysis software RevMan5.3 was applied to heterogeneity test and pooled OR calculation.
Results A total of 11 case-control studies met the criteria and were selected for the Meta-analysis. Among the studies, there were totally 718 cases of insulin resistance and 732 cases of control were included. The pooled OR of the PGC-1α genotype G/G vs. G/S+S/S was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.78 ~ 1.20), which showed statistically no significant difference (Z = 0.32，P = 0.75). This indicates that the frequency distribution of PGC-1α genotype may be related to the increased risk of insulin resistance, and this association is statistically significant; however, the frequency distribution of this genotype is not necessarily related to exercise intervention in insulin resistance.
Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of PGC-1α may be a susceptible factor for insulin resistance but not an independent influence factor of exercise intervention in insulin resistance.
PO-022 Exploratory Study on Predicting Acute Altitude Sickness by Using Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Li Zimeng , Hu Yang , Li Yanchun , Jiao Yubo 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the probability of altitude sickness based on the correlation coefficient between oxygen saturation and LLS score by analyzing the correlation of physiological parameters, like oxygen saturation, between the simulated altitude 5000m and altitude conditions. The results of our study may provide suggestions for public and mountaineering team.
Methods Fourteen male subjects from Chinese Agricultural University participated in acute hypoxic exposure a simulated altitude of 5000m. The study was carried out in hypoxic laboratory (Low Oxygen Systems GmbH, Germany) at Sports Science Research Centre. Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), maximum expiratory flow, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), heart rate, blood pressure, the Lake Louis consensus scoring of AMS (LLS) and other indicators were measured every 1h in hypoxic environment. After hypoxic exposure, all subjects climbed the Mountain in Sichuan Province (the main peak was 6300m above sea level).During climbing, the SpO2, maximum expiratory flow, heart rate, blood pressure and LLS assessment were measured in the early morning of the team's arrival at 4020m, 4950m and 5000m. All results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The data were analyzed by paired sample T test by SPSS 19.0. The difference between two tests was considered significantly when P < 0.05.
Results The significant difference was observed between simulated altitude of 5000 meters and three levels real high altitude conditions in SpO2, heart rate, maximum expiratory flow,blood pressure. There was a significant negative correlation between blood oxygen saturation and AMS score at the simulated altitude of 5000m at 4th-5th hour(4th hour P=0.030,5th hour P=0.011), and the correlation function relationship AMS score=(76.842-SpO2)/1.313 was obtained. When the oxygen saturation decreased 1.313mmol /L, AMS score increased 1.0. PEF and LLS scores has a high negative correlation (P<0.05). As the height increased, the score increased and PEF decreased significantly.
Conclusions In simulated altitude of 5000 meters, the change of human SpO2 has a corresponding relationship with oxygen concentration, and the SpO2 value is significantly correlated with the AMS score. It has a functional relationship of AMS=(76.842-SpO2)/1.313 during the period of 4th-5th hour exposure to hypoxia. Therefore, oxygen saturation in simulated 5000m altitude can predict the altitude response intensity during the actual mountaineering process.