bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Mechanism of An Anticancer Drug, Bexarotene Against Amyloid β Peptide Aggregation: Repurposing Via Neuroinformatics Approach
Authors: Bibi Nousheen , Rizvi Syed M.D. , Batool Abida , Kamal Mohammad A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Aggregation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a crucial feature of Alzheimer disease (AD)
pathogenesis. In fact, Aβ peptides are misfolded and aggregated to frame Amyloid fibrils, which is considered as
one of the major contributing events in the onset of AD. All these observations have prompted the researchers to
design therapeutic molecules with robust anti-Aβ aggregation potential. Interestingly, in the last few decades,
drug repurposing has turned into a fruitful and savvy approach for the treatment of several diseases. Bexarotene is
an anticancer drug that has been under consideration for its ability to suppress Aβ-peptide aggregation. However,
the exact mechanistic aspect of suppression of Aβ-peptide accumulation has not yet been completely revealed.

Methods:
In the present study, we have attempted to decipher the mechanistic aspects of the anti-aggregation
potential of bexarotene by using the computational biology approach.

Results:
We have observed the effect of ‘Aβ-bexarotene’ interaction on the aggregation ability of the Aβ-peptide
and decoded the involvement of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and beta-secretase
(BACE-1). A deep structural analysis of Aβ upon binding with bexarotene revealed critical binding sites and
structural twists involved in Aβ aggregation. It is evident from the present that bexarotene could significantly
restrain the process of primary nucleation of Aβ. In addition, bexarotene showed a strong interaction with RAGE
and BACE-1, suggesting them as plausible targets for the neuro-therapeutic action of bexarotene.

Conclusion:
Hence, we could safely suggest that bexarotene is a potent drug candidate that could reduce Aβ-
peptide aggregation by applying different mechanistic pathways. These results might boost the portfolio of pharmaceutical
companies looking for the development of new chemical entities against AD.
Inhibition of Long Non-coding RNA CTD-2574D22.4 Alleviates LPS-induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Injury of Chondrocytes
Authors: Li Lisong , Zhang Lianfang , Zhang Yong , Jiang Dinghua , Xu Wu , Zhao Haiyue , Huang Lixin 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with inflammatory diseases, including OA. Here, we
investigated the potential molecular role of lncRNAs in OA pathogenesis.

Methods:
ATDC5 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and qPCR was used to identify and determine
expression of potential lncRNAs involved in LPS-induced chondrocyte injury. Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression
of cartilage-related genes and inflammatory cytokines were assessed after CTD-2574D22.4 knockdown.

Results:
After LPS stimulation, CTD-2574D22.4 was found to be the second highest up-regulated gene, and the
enhanced expression was validated in OA chondrocytes. Moreover, CTD-2574D22.4 inhibition significantly rescued
cell viability, suppressed by LPS stress, and markedly attenuated LPS-induced apoptosis. The expression of
cartilage-degrading enzymes MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 were increased, while type II collagen was reduced after
LPS treatment. This trend was largely reversed by CTD-2574D22.4 knockdown. Additionally, mRNA and protein
levels of key inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-1β) were significantly elevated in the LPS group and
partially relieved upon CTD-2574D22.4 knockdown.

Conclusion:
CTD2574D22.4 knockdown ameliorates LPS-induced cartilage injury by protecting chondrocytes
from apoptosis via anti-inflammation and anti- cartilage-degrading pathways. Thus, CTD2574D22.4 might be a
potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for OA.
Classification of Benign and Malignant Breast Masses on Mammograms for Large Datasets using Core Vector Machines
Authors: Jebamony Jebasonia , Jacob Dheeba 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer deaths among
women. Early detection of cancer increases the survival rate of the affected women. Machine
learning approaches that are used for classification of breast cancer usually takes a lot of processing
time during the training process. This paper attempts to propose a Machine Learning approach
for breast cancer detection in mammograms, which does not depend on the number of
training samples.

Objective:
The paper aims to develop a core vector machine-based diagnosis system for breast
cancer detection using the date from MIAS. The main motivation behind using this system is to
reduce the computational and memory requirement for large training data and to improve the classification
accuracy.

Methods:
The proposed method has four stages: 1) Pre-processing is done to extract the breast region
using global thresholding and enhancement using histogram equalization; 2) identification of
potential mass using Otsu thresholding; 3) feature extraction using Laws Texture energy
measures; and 4) mass detection is done using Core vector machine (CVM) classifier.

Results:
Comparative analysis was done with different existing algorithms: Artificial Neural Network
(ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVM). The
results illustrate that the proposed Core Vector Machine (CVM) classifier produced a promising
result in terms of sensitivity (96.9%), misclassification rate (0.0443) and accuracy (95.89%). The
time taken for training process is 0.0443, which is less when compared with other machine learning
algorithms.

Conclusion:
Performance analysis shows that CVM classifier is superior to other classifiers like
ANN, SVM and FSVM. The computational time of the CVM classifier during the training process
was also analysed and found to be better than other discussed algorithms. The results achieved
show that CVM classifier is the best algorithm for breast mass detection in mammograms.
Evaluation of Different Sedatives for Colonoscopy
Authors: Seleem Waseem M. , El Hossieny Khadeja M. , Abd-Elsalam Sherief 
Published: August 2019

Background & Aims:
Sedation and analgesia are important elements of endoscopic
examinations; sedation for colonoscopy aims to relieve patient discomfort and anxiety, improve the
outcome of the examination, diminish the patient’s memory of the event and achieve comfortable
and technically successful endoscopic procedure.

Methods:
Our prospective study was carried out on 150 patients who were referred for colonoscopy;
they were divided into two groups based on the pre-endoscopic sedation given for them: propofol
fentanyl or propofol ketamine. Detailed histories, thorough physical examinations, and routine
laboratory investigations were performed for all patients, along with monitoring of their vital signs and
oxygen saturation levels (before, during and after colonoscopy), to assess safety, efficacy, recovery
times, complications of the sedative drugs, comfort of the patients and endoscopists.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age,
sex and Body Mass Indexes (BMI). With respect to their Mean Arterial Blood Pressures (MAPs)
and heart rates, there was high hemodynamic stability in the propofol ketamine group, and both the
groups were efficacious, although the propofol fentanyl group had shorter recovery times than the
propofol ketamine group (3±1.7 minutes and 4±2.8 minutes, respectively). However, nausea, vomiting
and hypoxia were common in the propofol fentanyl group, while hallucinations were common
in the propofol ketamine group. In propofol fentanyl group; there was a significant decrease in the
heart rate more common in females (with age range 39-58 years) during and after colonoscopy
[p value 0.01].

Conclusion:
Sedation with propofol ketamine during colonoscopy was found to be safe and
efficacious to achieve hemodynamic stability with fewer complications than propofol fentanyl.
Safety Profiles and Pharmacovigilance Considerations for Recently Patented Anticancer Drugs: Lung Cancer
Authors: Bearz Alessandra , Cecco Sara , Francescon Sara , Re Francesco Lo , Corona Giuseppe , Baldo Paolo 
Published: August 2019

Background:Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related death. In the last decades, the introduction of targeted therapies and more recently, of immunotherapy, has led to significant improvements in different outcomes of this malignant neoplasm.Objective:The present review provides a balanced overview of most recent targeted therapies and immunotherapies patented for the treatment of lung cancer.Methods:An extensive scientific literature and patent databases search were performed to identify peerreviewed studies containing information on recently patented drugs for the treatment of lung cancer, with a particular focus on their safety data and recently patented combinations.Results:The development of therapies directed to different pathways involved in the tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis has transformed the clinical practice of lung malignancies. Several clinical trials have shown an improvement in terms of progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with advanced/metastatic lung cancer. Safety data, extracted from clinical trials and from the WHO global database of adverse drug reactions (VigiAccessTM database), show that recently patented drugs for the treatment of lung cancer are well-tolerated and most of the adverse events reported are mild to moderate.Conclusion:Currently, a consistent number of new drugs and combinations have been introduced for the treatment of patients with advanced-stage lung cancer. Safety data remain essential to better assess the long-term risk/benefit ratio of these valuable emerging therapies. The new patents’ development could provide further significant improvements for lung cancer treatment.
Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures Mediated Cardiac Dysfunction via mTOR Pathway Upregulation: A Putative Target for SUDEP Management
Authors: Sharma Supriya , Mazumder Arindam G. , Rana Anil K. , Patial Vikram , Singh Damanpreet 
Published: August 2019

Background:Alteration in electrophysiology, leading to cardiac dysfunction and subsequently a nontraumatic death is a complication of epilepsy known as “SUDEP” (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy).Aims:The present study was designed to understand the molecular changes and cardiac parameters during different phases of epileptogenesis in lithium-pilocarpine (Li-pilo) rat model of epilepsy.Methods:The animals were exposed to Li-pilo to induce Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures (SRS). Noninvasive blood pressure and electrocardiography was recorded at 7th, 28th and 75th day following pilocarpine administration, considered as latent, initial and late SRS phases, respectively. The serum biochemistry, cardiac histopathology, protein and mRNA expressions were studied, following electrocardiography on day 75.Results:The mean arterial pressure decreased during the latent phase, thereafter it progressively increased during the initial and the late SRS phases, as compared to the basal and the latent phase. Histopathological analysis of the heart sections indicated hypertrophy, degenerative changes and fibrous tissue deposition in epileptic animals, along with increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB in the serum. The expression of HIF-1α, phospho-S6, phospho-mTOR, TGF-β, collagen I and Na+/K+-ATPase α1 proteins, and mRNA levels of HIF-1α, mTOR, Rps6, Scn1b, Scn3b, Nav1.5 and TGF-β were increased in the cardiac tissue of epileptic animals, as compared to control.Conclusion:Our results conclusively showed that Li-pilo-induced SRS leads to cardiac dysfunction via mTOR pathway upregulation, thus suggested the regulatory control of mTOR pathway as a potential target for SUDEP management.
A Novel Approach of Drug Localization through Development of Polymeric Micellar System Containing Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery
Authors: Devi Sheetal , Saini Vipin , Kumar Manish , Bhatt Shailendra , Gupta Sumeet , Deep Aman 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Development of polymeric micelles for the management of allergic
conjunctivitis to overcome the limitations of topical installation, such as poor patient
compliance, poor stromal permeability, and significant adverse effects, increase precorneal
residence time and efficacy, and also control the release of drug at the target site.

Objective:
The investigation was aimed at developing a polymeric micellar system of
Azelastine HCl for Ocular Delivery.

Methods:
Drug loaded micelles of tri-block copolymers Pf 127 were prepared by Thin
Film hydration method. The polymeric micelles formulations (F1 to F9) were assessed for
entrapment efficiency, micelle size, in vitro permeation, ex vivo transcorneal permeation,
in vivo Ocular Irritation, and Histology.

Results:
Optimized micelles formulation (F3), with the lowest micelle size of 92 nm, least
polydispersity value of 0.135, highest entrapment efficiency of 95.30 ± 0.17%, and a cumulative
drug permeation of 84.12 ± 1.26% in 8h, was selected to develop pH-sensitive
micelles loaded carbopol in situ gel. The optimized in situ gel (G4) proved to be superior
in its ex vivo transcorneal permeation when compared with Market Preparation and pure
drug suspension, exhibiting 43.35 ± 1.48% Permeation with zero-order kinetics (r2 =
0.9944) across goat cornea. Transmission Electron microscopy revealed spherical polymeric
micelles trapped in the gel matrix. A series of experiments showed hydration capability,
non-irritancy, and histologically safe gel formulation that had appropriate handling characteristics.

Conclusion:
A controlled release pH-sensitive ocular formulation capable of carrying the
drug to the anterior section of the eye via topical delivery was successfully developed for
the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
BlockChain Based Combinatorial Grouping Auction with Reserve Price Mechanism in Cloud Computing
Authors: Periyasami Karthikeyan , Venugopal Jeyakrishnan , Thirumoorthy Gopalakrishnan , Ramasamy RajaGopal , Balakrishnan Nagaraj 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The block-chain is a growing decentralized scheme applied in many applications,
such as an auction, smart contract, Health, and banking sector. The cloud service providers
can sell the resource to cloud consumers using an auction. The main challenge in resource allocation
using auction is to provide reliability to the users.

Methods:
In this paper, a blockchain-based combinatorial grouping auction with a reserve price
mechanism (BCGAWRP) was proposed. The proposed scheme maximizes the total revenue and resource
utilization by assuring reliability. The proposed BCGAWRP performance was assessed by
simulating the cloud environment.

Results:
The experimental result shows that the proposed BCGAWRP algorithm increases revenue
more than the traditional combinatorial auction algorithm.

Conclusion:
Moreover, simulation studies show that reserve price is useful and provides a mechanism
to achieve the trade-off between the seller's and the buyer’s virtual machines.
FABRICATION OF NANOFIBRES BY ELECTROSPINNING USING KERATIN FROM WASTE CHICKEN FEATHERS, PVA AND AgNPs
Authors: MADAPALLY VARUN DINESH , M. PANDIMADEVI 
Published: August 2019

Objective: To prepare and characterise keratin from chicken feathers (CF), collected from the slaughter house, and to blend with poly vinly alcohol (PVA) and biosynthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to convert into nanofibers by an elctrospinning process.
Methods: The extraction of keratin from chicken feathers was done by sodium m-bisulphite. The solution was subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation to separate keratin. The nanoparticles was synthesised using tridax procumbens. The isolated keratin and PVA was mixed in the ration 0f 50:50 with 1 ml of biosynthesised nanoparticles was blended and made into nanofibres by electrospinning technique.
Results: The precipitated protein was analysed using FT-IR analysis confirming the presence of β-keratin in the sample isolated from chicken feathers and the concentration of keratin was estimated to be 1.85 g/ml. PVA solution with 4% w/v had the best film forming ability. The solution containing keratin, PVA and silver nanoparticles was prepared in various proportions. These solutions when subjected to electrospinning, fibrous network was observed in 50:50 (PVA: Keratin) ratio with 1 ml of synthesised silver nanoparticle solution. Hydrogen bonding between keratin and PVA indicated in the XRD analysis showed successful film forming of the nanofiber, the DSC analysis also showed similar results as the obtained peak was at 214 °C which is in between the characteristic heat degradation temperature of both the keratin and PVA. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed high thermal stability as the complete degradation of the nanofiber was observed at 420 °C. Incorporation of metal nanoparticles by herbal approach using tridax procumbens in the nanofibers provided the antimicrobial properties. The nanofibres obtained by electrospinning process appeared stable and continous for solutions containing no more than 50% wt of CF. The average diameter of the nanofibres increased as the CF content increased.
Conclusion: Keratin isolated from the waste chicken feathers impregnated with biosyntheised silver nanoparticles using tridax procumbens and PVA can be converted into nanofibers by electrospinning process. Thus, the biocomposite nano fibers are shown as a novel eco-friendly material that must be adequately applied in the development of green composites for the biomedical applications such as wound dressings.
ISOLATION OF CYTOTOXIC CONSTITUENT FROM BIOACTIVITY GUIDED FRACTION OF ALYSICARPUS MONILIFER L. (DC.)
Authors: KAKRANI PURVI HARISHKUMAR , KAKRANI HARISH , RAVAL MANAN 
Published: August 2019

Objective: Alysicarpus monilifer (Family Papilionaceae) has been used in the Indigenous system of medicine in tumor removal. The present study was designed to isolate and identify the constituent responsible for cytotoxic (anti-tumor) effects of the plant Alysicarpus monilifer.
Methods: The plant was powdered and extracted to give a methanolic extract. Initially, Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the methanolic extract of the plant were subjected to cytotoxic screening using cell line based assay (MTT assay and NRU assay). The chloroform fraction showed significant cytotoxicity, so it was further subjected to column chromatography, to separate the cytotoxic phytoconstituent. The cell lines selected were breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) and Liver cancer cells (HepG2 and HLE cell). Results were calculated as percentage growth inhibition with respect to untreated (control) cells versus treated cells.
Result: A triterpene, Betulinic acid, was isolated from the aerial parts of Alysicarpus monilifer. The cytotoxic activity of the identified compound against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HLE and HepG2 cells was also found to be highly significant with 90% growth inhibition.
Conclusion: The triterpene was identified to be betulinic acid, to which the cytotoxic activity can be attributed. It is a first report of isolation of betulinic acid from the Alysicarpus species.
Facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment into a large comparative effectiveness trial: a qualitative study
Authors: Behringer-Massera Stephanie , Browne Terysia , George Geny , Duran Sally , Cherrington Andrea , McKee M Diane , Group GRADE Research 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Recruitment of participants into research studies, especially individuals from minority groups, is challenging; lack of diversity may lead to biased findings.
Aim:
To explore beliefs about research participation among individuals who were approached and eligible for the GRADE study.
Methods:
In-depth qualitative telephone interviews with randomized participants (n = 25) and eligible individuals who declined to enroll (n = 26).
Results:
Refusers and consenters differed in trust and perceptions of risk, benefits and burden of participation. Few participants understood how comparative effectiveness research differed from other types of trials; however, some features of comparative effectiveness research were perceived as lower risk.
Conclusion:
We identified facilitators and addressable barriers to participation in research studies.
Plano Municipal de Educação de Sorocaba/SP
Authors: Almenara Gilsemara Vasques Rodrigues , Lima Paulo Gomes 
Published: August 2019

O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consiste em analisar a atuação do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Sorocaba/SP durante o período de elaboração do Plano Municipal de Educação sob a gestão do partido da Social Democracia Brasileira - PSDB. Utilizou-se como metodologia o emprego de entrevistas com os conselheiros, observações e análise documental, atas do C.M.E.SO. Por fim, concluímos que o Conselho Municipal de Educação de Sorocaba/SP contribuiu para a democratização da gestão pública do município, mesmo diante de enfrentamentos políticos que tomaram lugar nas etapas preparatórias do Plano Municipal de Educação. Os resultados indicam que, apesar do aspecto positivo da busca por participação, ainda existe um longo caminho a ser percorrido que substitua a forma atual de funcionamento, mais burocrática.
Improving Student Nurses’ Clinical-Reasoning Skills: Implementation of a Contextualised, Guided Learning Experience
Authors: Yauri Indriani , Nash Robyn , Ramsbotham Joanne 
Published: August 2019

Well-developed clinical reasoning skills are central to the process of clinical judgement. However, the results of recent studies suggest that curricula and teaching approaches that support student nurses’ development of clinical reasoning skills have not yet been fully achieved. Cognitive apprenticeship offers a new approach to facilitate the development of complex thinking skills, for example, reasoning skills in making clinical decisions. This study examined the effect of an educational intervention utilizing principles of cognitive apprenticeship on students’ ability to apply clinical reasoning skills within the context of a purpose-built clinical vignette.A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control-group design was used to evaluate the effect of the educational intervention on students’ accuracy, inaccuracy and self-confidence in clinical reasoning. Eighty-five undergraduate nursing students participated in the study. A purpose-built clinical vignette was utilised to collect data from study participants. Mixed-Design ANOVA with a significant level of p< 0.05 was employed. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A statistically significant increase in students’ accuracy in clinical reasoning was found after the six-weeks educational intervention. Examination of the quantitative data at time 2 discovered a statistically significant higher accuracy in clinical reasoning score (p<0.00) of the intervention group as compared to the control group. Results from inaccuracy and self-confidence in clinical reasoning did not reach significance. Results from the qualitative data are reported separately. It is argued that interplay of small group discussion of domain specific case-scenarios and the provision of guided learning experience may play a role in achieving partially successful results. This study makes an important contribution to nursing education by providing evidence to understand how best to facilitate nursing students’ development of clinical reasoning.
A mídia ruandesa no genocídio de 1994
Authors: Da Fonseca Danilo Ferreira 
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo busca entender como se deu a participação da mídia ruandesa no genocídio ruandês de 1994, refletindo o modo com que as diferenças tidas como étnica entre tutsis e hutus foram além de uma mera bipolarização étnica, incorporando no debate questões políticas, envolvendo principalmente a Frente Patriótica Ruandesa, e também questões históricas, como é o caso do papel dos Inkotanyis durante o período colonial.