bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal air pollution exposure, smoking, and uterine vascular resistance
Authors: Contreras Zuelma A. , Heck Julia E. , Lee Pei-Chen , Cui Xin , Hobel Calvin J. , Janzen Carla , Lurmann Fred , Ritz Beate 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Prenatal exposure to air pollution and smoking increases the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes, but pathophysiologic mechanisms are still debated. Few studies to date have examined the influence of air pollution on uterine vascular resistance, and no studies have examined the independent impact of these exposures. We aimed to assess the impact of prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and smoking on uterine vascular resistance.

Methods:
Our study included 566 pregnant women recruited between 1993 and 1996 in Los Angeles who completed visits at three gestational ages. Information on smoking was collected, and uterine vascular resistance was measured at each visit by Doppler ultrasound. We calculated three resistance indices: the resistance index, the pulsatility index, and the systolic/diastolic ratio. We estimated exposure to NO2 at the home address of the mother using a land use regression model and to nitrogen oxides using CALINE4 air dispersion modeling. We used generalized linear mixed models to estimate the effects of air pollution and smoking on uterine vascular resistance indices.

Results:
Land use regression–derived NO2 and CALINE4-derived nitrogen oxides exposure increased the risk of high uterine artery resistance in late pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy also increased the risk of higher uterine resistance and contributed to bilateral notching in mid-pregnancy.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that uterine vascular resistance is a mechanism underlying the association between smoking and air pollution and adverse birth outcomes.
A Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Exercise on Cognition and Mobility in Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Felippe Lilian Assunção , Salgado Pedro Rippel , de Souza Silvestre Diego , Smaili Suhaila Mahmoud , Christofoletti Gustavo 
Published: June 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a 6-mo exercise program on cognition and mobility in participants with multiple sclerosis.

Design
This is a prospective, single-blind, controlled clinical trial.

Setting
A community rehabilitation program within a large metropolitan health service.

Participants
Twenty-eight patients with multiple sclerosis were referred for outpatient rehabilitation.

Interventions
Participants were allocated to one of two groups and undertook a cognitive-motor exercise program or monitoring (control group).

Main Outcome Measures
Cognition and mobility were the main outcome measures. Cognition was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Frontal Assessment Battery. Mobility was assessed with the Timed Get Up and Go test, applied with and without dual task distractors.

Results
The findings showed benefits provided by exercise on cognition and mobility. Differently, participants of the control group did not have significant changes in cognition scores after 6 mos of follow-up and had a worse performance in mobility tests.

Conclusion
Six months of exercise provided benefits to cognition and mobility in adults with multiple sclerosis. This trial was registered prospectively with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Register, ID: RBR-9gh4km (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/?q=RBR-9gh4km).

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Recognize the physical and cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis; (2) Identify the importance of exercise on cognition and mobility in patients with multiple sclerosis; and (3) Appreciate the potential benefit of dual tasking in the rehabilitation of individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Level: Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Validation of an index of Sensitivity to Movement-Evoked Pain in patients with whiplash injuries
Authors: Wan Alan K. , Rainville Pierre , O'Leary Shaun , Elphinston Rachel A. , Sterling Michele , Larivière Christian , Sullivan Michael J.L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Sensitivity to Movement-Evoked Pain is a pain summation phenomenon identified in various chronic pain populations.

Objectives: This study investigated the validity of a procedure used to assess pain summation in response to a repeated lifting task in individuals with whiplash injuries.

Methods: Sixty-five participants completed measures of pain severity and duration, Temporal Summation (TS) of pinprick pain, pain catastrophizing and fear of movement, and work-related disability before lifting a series of 18 weighted canisters. An index of Sensitivity to Movement-Evoked Pain was computed as the increase in pain reported by participants over successive lifts of the weighted canisters. An index of TS was computed by dividing the pain reported in response to the final pinprick by the pain reported in response to the 1st pinprick in a train of 10 pinpricks.

Results: Analyses replicated previous findings showing a repetitive lifting task–induced pain summation in approximately 20% to 25% of a sample of individuals with whiplash injuries. Analyses also revealed significant correlations between SMEP, TS, and pain-related psychological variables. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that TS and pain catastrophizing made significant unique contributions to the prediction of SMEP. These findings join a growing body of research on movement-evoked pain in persistent spinal pain conditions.

Conclusion: The repeated lifting task used in this study successfully induced pain summation in a group of patients with whiplash injuries.
Phagophobia Successfully Treated With Low-Dose Aripiprazole in an Adolescent: A Case Report
Authors: Çolak Sivri Rukiye , Hizarcioğlu Gülşen Hayriye , Yilmaz Arzu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhagophobia is a condition characterized by an avoidance of swallowing foods and an intense fear of choking while eating solid foods in the absence of physiological and anatomical abnormalities. Phagophobia is mentioned in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth EditionandInternational Classification of Diseases, 11th Editionin the new diagnostic category of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. The literature concerning phagophobia is sparse, and there is no specific treatment modality for this life-threatening condition. We describe a case of phagophobia in a 15-year-old girl who was treated successfully with low-dose aripiprazole as an augmentation therapy after she witnessed her father choking while eating chicken. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that phagophobia was successfully treated with aripiprazole.
Memote: A community driven effort towards a standardized genome-scale metabolic model test suite
Authors: Lieven Christian , Beber Moritz E. , Olivier Brett G. , Bergmann Frank T. , Ataman Meric , Babaei Parizad , Bartell Jennifer A. , Blank Lars M. , Chauhan Siddharth , Correia Kevin , Diener Christian , Dräger Andreas , Ebert Birgitta E. , Edirisinghe Janaka N. , Faria Jose P. , Feist Adam , Fengos Georgios , Fleming Ronan M. T. , García-Jiménez Beatriz , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , van Helvoirt Wout , Henry Christopher S. , Hermjakob Henning , Herrgård Markus J. , Kim Hyun Uk , King Zachary , Koehorst Jasper J. , Klamt Steffen , Klipp Edda , Lakshmanan Meiyappan , Le Novère Nicolas , Lee Dong-Yup , Lee Sang Yup , Lee Sunjae , Lewis Nathan E. , Ma Hongwu , Machado Daniel , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Maia Paulo , Mardinoglu Adil , Medlock Gregory L. , Monk Jonathan M. , Nielsen Jens , Nielsen Lars Keld , Nogales Juan , Nookaew Intawat , Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo , Palsson Bernhard O. , Papin Jason A. , Patil Kiran R. , Poolman Mark , Price Nathan D. , Richelle Anne , Rocha Isabel , Sanchez Benjamin J. , Schaap Peter J. , Malik Sheriff Rahuman S. , Shoaie Saeed , Sonnenschein Nikolaus , Teusink Bas , Vilaça Paulo , Vik Jon Olav , Wodke Judith A. , Xavier Joana C. , Yuan Qianqian , Zakhartsev Maksim , Zhang Cheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that neither the formal representation nor the functional requirements of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are precisely defined. Without a consistent standard, comparability, reproducibility, and interoperability of models across groups and software tools cannot be guaranteed.Here, we present memote (https://github.com/opencobra/memote) an open-source software containing a community-maintained, standardized set of metabolic model tests. The tests cover a range of aspects from annotations to conceptual integrity and can be extended to include experimental datasets for automatic model validation. In addition to testing a model once, memote can be configured to do so automatically, i.e., while building a GEM. A comprehensive report displays the model’s performance parameters, which supports informed model development and facilitates error detection.Memote provides a measure for model quality that is consistent across reconstruction platforms and analysis software and simplifies collaboration within the community by establishing workflows for publicly hosted and version controlled models.
Habitual Stone-Tool Aided Extractive Foraging in White-Faced Capuchins,Cebus Capucinus
Authors: Barrett Brendan J , Monteza-moreno Claudio M , DOGANDŽIĆ Tamara , Zwyns Nicolas , IBÁÑEZ Alicia , Crofoot Margaret C 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTHabitual reliance on tool use is a marked behavioral difference between wild robust (genusSapajus) and gracile (genusCebus) capuchin monkeys. Despite being well studied and having a rich repertoire of social and extractive foraging traditions,Cebus sphave rarely been observed engaging in tool use and have never been reported to use stone tools. In contrast, habitual tool use and stone-tool use bySapajusis widespread. We discuss factors which might explain these differences in patterns of tool use betweenCebusandSapajus. We then report the first case of habitual stone-tool use in a gracile capuchin: a population of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) in Coiba National Park, Panama who habitually rely on hammerstone and anvil tool use to access structurally protected food items in coastal areas includingTerminalia catappaseeds, hermit crabs, marine snails, terrestrial crabs, and other items. This behavior has persisted on one island in Coiba National Park since at least 2004. From one year of camera trapping, we found that stone tool use is strongly male-biased. Of the 205 unique camera-trap-days where tool use was recorded, adult females were never observed to use stone-tools, although they were frequently recorded at the sites and engaged in scrounging behavior. Stone-tool use occurs year-round in this population, and over half of all identifiable individuals were observed participating. At the most active tool use site, 83.2% of days where capuchins were sighted corresponded with tool use. Capuchins inhabiting the Coiba archipelago are highly terrestrial, under decreased predation pressure and potentially experience resource limitation compared to mainland populations– three conditions considered important for the evolution of stone tool use. White-faced capuchin tool use in Coiba National Park thus offers unique opportunities to explore the ecological drivers and evolutionary underpinnings of stone tool use in a comparative within- and between-species context.
Ultralarge Modulation of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence Mediated by Neuromodulators Adsorbed on Arrays of Oligonucleotide Rings
Authors: Beyene Abraham G. , Alizadehmojarad Ali A. , Dorlhiac Gabriel , Streets Aaron M. , Král Petr , Vuković Lela , Landry Markita P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNon-covalent interactions between single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotides and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have provided a unique class of tunable chemistries for a variety of applications. However, mechanistic insight into both the photophysical and intermolecular phenomena underlying their utility is lacking, resulting in obligate heuristic approaches for producing ssDNA-SWNT based technologies. In this work, we present an ultrasensitive “turn-on” nanosensor for neuromodulators dopamine and norepinephrine with strong ΔF/F0 of up to 3500%, a signal appropriate for in vivo imaging, and uncover the photophysical principles and intermolecular interactions that govern the molecular recognition and fluorescence modulation of this nanosensor synthesized from the non-covalent conjugation of (GT)6 ssDNA strands on SWNTs. The fluorescence modulation of the ssDNA-SWNT conjugate is shown to exhibit remarkable sensitivity to the ssDNA sequence chemistry, length, and surface density, providing a wealth of parameters with which to tune nanosensor dynamic range and strength of fluorescence turn-on. We employ classical and quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations to rationalize our experimental findings. Calculations show that (GT)6 ssDNA form ordered loops around SWNT, inducing periodic surface potentials that modulate exciton recombination lifetimes. Further evidence is presented to elucidate how analyte binding modulates SWNT fluorescence. We discuss the implications of our findings for SWNT-based molecular sensing applications.
Coordinated electrical activity in the olfactory bulb gates the oscillatory entrainment of entorhinal networks in neonatal mice
Authors: Gretenkord Sabine , Kostka Johanna K. , Hartung Henrike , Watznauer Katja , Fleck David , Minier-Toribio Angélica , Spehr Marc , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWhile the developmental principles of sensory and cognitive processing have been extensively investigated, their synergy has been largely neglected. During early life, most sensory systems are still largely immature. As a notable exception, the olfactory system reaches full maturity during intrauterine life, controlling mother-offspring interactions and neonatal survival. Here, we elucidate the structural and functional principles underlying the communication between olfactory bulb (OB) and lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) – the gatekeeper of limbic circuitry – during neonatal mouse development. Combining optogenetics, pharmacology, and electrophysiologyin vivowith axonal tracing, we show that mitral cell-dependent discontinuous theta bursts in OB drive network oscillations and time the firing in LEC via axonal projections confined to upper cortical layers. Pharmacological silencing of OB activity diminishes entorhinal oscillations. Moreover, odor exposure boosts OB-entorhinal coupling at fast frequencies. Thus, early OB activity shapes the maturation of entorhinal circuits.
Population and Evolutionary Genetics Subfamily-specific functionalization of diversified immune receptors in wild barley
Authors: Maekawa Takaki , Kracher Barbara , Saur Isabel M. L. , Yoshikawa-Maekawa Makoto , Kellner Ronny , Pankin Artem , von Korff Maria , Schulze-Lefert Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGene-for-gene immunity between plants and host-adapted pathogens is often linked to population-level diversification of immune receptors encoded by disease resistance (R) genes. The complex barley (Hordeum vulgareL.)Rgene locusMildew Locus A(Mla) provides isolate-specific resistance against the powdery mildew fungusBlumeria graminisf. sp.hordei(Bgh) and has been introgressed into modern barley cultivars from diverse germplasms, including the wild relativeH. spontaneum. KnownMladisease resistance specificities toBghappear to encode allelic variants of the R Gene Homolog 1 (RGH1) family of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins. To gain insights intoMladiversity in wild barley populations, we here sequenced and assembled the transcriptomes of 50 accessions ofH. spontaneumrepresenting nine populations distributed throughout the Fertile Crescent. The assembledMlatranscripts exhibited rich sequence diversity, which is linked neither to geographic origin nor population structure.Mlatranscripts in the testedH. spontaneumaccessions could be grouped into two similar-sized subfamilies based on two major N-terminal coiled-coil signaling domains that are both capable of eliciting cell death. The presence of positively selected sites, located mainly in the C-terminal leucine-rich repeats of both MLA subfamilies, together with the fact that both coiled-coil signaling domains mediate cell death, implies that the two subfamilies are actively maintained in the host population. Unexpectedly, known MLA receptor variants that conferBghresistance belong exclusively to one subfamily. Thus, signaling domain divergence, potentially to distinct pathogen populations, is an evolutionary signature of functional diversification of an immune receptor.
What do ossification sequences tell us about the origin of extant amphibians?
Authors: Laurin Michel , Lapauze Océane , Marjanović David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe origin of extant amphibians has been studied using several sources of data and methods, including phylogenetic analyses of morphological data, molecular dating, stratigraphic data, and integration of ossification sequence data, but a consensus about their affinities with other Paleozoic tetrapods has failed to emerge. We have compiled five datasets to assess the relative support for six competing hypotheses about the origin of extant amphibians: a monophyletic origin among temnospondyls, a monophyletic origin among lepospondyls, a diphyletic origin among both temnospondyls and lepospondyls, a diphyletic origin among temnospondyls alone, and two variants of a triphyletic origin, in which anurans and urodeles come from different temnospondyl taxa while caecilians come from lepospondyls and are either closer to anurans and urodeles or to amniotes. Our datasets comprise ossification sequences of up to 107 terminal taxa and up to eight cranial bones, and up to 65 terminal taxa and up to seven appendicular bones, respectively. Among extinct taxa, only two or three temnospondyl can be analyzed simultaneously for cranial data, but this is not an insuperable problem because each of the six tested hypotheses implies a different position of temnospondyls and caecilians relative to other sampled taxa. For appendicular data, more extinct taxa can be analyzed, including some lepospondyls and the finned tetrapodomorphEusthenopteron, in addition to temnospondyls. The data are analyzed through maximum likelihood, and the AICc (corrected Akaike Information Criterion) weights of the six hypotheses allow us to assess their relative support. By an unexpectedly large margin, our analyses of the cranial data support a monophyletic origin among lepospondyls; a monophyletic origin among temnospondyls, the current near-consensus, is a distant second. All other hypotheses are exceedingly unlikely according to our data. Surprisingly, analysis of the appendicular data supports triphyly of extant amphibians within a clade that unites lepospondyls and temnospondyls, contrary to all phylogenies based on molecular data and recent trees based on paleontological data, but this conclusion is not very robust.
Phase of neuronal activity encodes 2-dimensional space in the human entorhinal cortex
Authors: Nadasdy Zoltan , Török Ágoston , Peter Nguyen T. , Shen Jason Y. , Briggs Deborah E. , Modur Pradeep N. , Buchanan Robert J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex plays a vital role in our spatial awareness. Much focus has been placed on the spatial activity of its individual neurons, which fire in a grid-like pattern across an environment1. On a population level, however, neurons in the entorhinal cortex also display coherent rhythmic activity known as local field potential. These local field oscillations have been shown to correlate with behavioural states but it remains unclear how these oscillations relate to spatial behaviour and the spatial firing pattern of individual neurons. To investigate this, we recorded entorhinal cortical neurons in the human brain during spatial memory tasks performed in virtual environments. We observed a spatial modulation of the phase of action potentials relative to the local field potentials. In addition, the spike phase modulation displayed correlation with the movement of the avatar, displayed discrete phase tuning at the cellular level, rotated phase between electrodes, and expressed spatially coherent phase maps that scaled with the virtual environment. Using surrogate data, we demonstrated that spike phase coherence is dependent on the spatial phase dynamics of gamma oscillations. We argue that the spatial coordination of spike generation with gamma rhythm underlies the emergence of grid cell activity in the entorhinal cortex. These results shed a new light on the intricate interlacing between the spiking activity of neurons and local field oscillations in the brain.
A Multi-Purpose Worm Tracker Based on FIM
Authors: Kiel Matthias , Berh Dimitri , Daniel Jens , Otto Nils , Steege Adrian ter , Jiang Xiaoyi , Liebau Eva , Risse Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe analysis of behavioural traits of Caenorhabditis elegans is an important method for understanding neuromuscular functions and diseases. Since C. elegans is a small and translucent animal which conducts a variety of complex movement patterns many different imaging and tracking protocols are used for different behavioural traits. Thus a unified multi-purpose imaging and tracking system for multiple behavioural assays would be favourable to improve statistical strength and comparability. Here we present a novel worm tracking toolbox based on the FIM (Frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) based Imaging Method) system incorporating a variety of different behavioural assays into a single imaging and tracking setup.First, we apply the FTIR-based imaging method to C. elegans, thus we are able to improve the overall image quality compared to state of the art recording techniques. This method is easy to use and can be utilised to image animals during crawling on agar and trashing in water. Second, we extended the existing FIMTrack software to extract skeleton-based posture and motion features of multiple worms with very high accuracy in a comparatively large field-of-view. Third, we integrated a variety of different assays into this system. We carried out chemotaxis assays both with attractant and repellent chemicals. A novel electrotaxis dome compatible with FIM allows locomotion analyses that are not corrupted by random aberrations in unrestricted movement. Additionally, the FIM based worm tracker is able to analyse thrashing behaviour of multiple worms automatically with a high accuracy. Finally we demonstrate the capacity of the FIM based worm tracker to observe GFP signals in C. elegans worms. We tested our new C. elegans tracking suite with mutant strains of the ubiquitin-fold modifier 1 (Ufm1) cascade. We identified intermediate chemosensory phenotypes in Ufm1 cascade mutants which were previously undetected.