bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western diet promotes the progression of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in association with ferroptosis in male mice
Authors: Maddie Nicole , Chacko Nefia , Matatov David , Carrillo‐Sepulveda Maria Alicia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now referred to as metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a silent killer that often progresses to metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH). To date, there are no pharmacological treatments for MASLD. While obesity is a major cause of the development and progression of MASLD, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that ferroptosis, a recently discovered nonapoptotic iron‐dependent form of cell death, is activated during the progression of MASLD and may be a potential target for treating MASLD. Using a murine model of Western diet‐induced obesity, C57BL/6J male mice were exposed to a long‐term (36 weeks) Western diet. Controls were maintained with a standard chow diet. Western diet‐induced obesity was confirmed by increased body mass index (BMI). Histopathological analysis demonstrated the progression of MASLD to MASH in the obese group, which was accompanied by significant hepatic iron deposition, oxidative damage, and lipid peroxidation. Hepatic ferroptosis was further confirmed by decreased protein expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4), markers of ferroptosis. These findings suggest that ferroptosis is a potential mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of MASLD in male mice.
РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЕННЫХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ
Authors: Е.О. ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА 
Published: November 2024

В статье на основе материалов зарубежных и российских архивов, главным образом рассекреченного в 2014 г. архива Комиссии Объединенных Наций по военным преступлениям, рассматривается международное следствие по делам о преступлениях нацистов в годы Второй мировой войны. Раскрыты основные проблемы, препятствовавшие полноценной кооперации между следственными органами стран антигитлеровской коалиции, и причины отказа СССР принять участие в работе указанной комиссии. Основной проблемой Комиссии Объединенных Наций по военным преступлениям стало отсутствие у нее активных следственных полномочий. В условиях преднамеренного уничтожения нацистами улик, запоздалого начала расследования и других сложностей специалистам удалось составить более 8 тыс. дел, в которых фигурировали около 36 тыс. обвиняемых.
The article is devoted to the study of materials from foreign and Russian archives, mainly the archive of the United Nations Commission, declassified in 2014. The author examines the international investigation of Nazi crimes during the Second World War. The study reveals the main problems that hindered the full cooperation between the investigative bodies of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition, including the reasons for the USSR’s refusal to participate in the work of the United Nations Commission. The main problem of the United Nations War Crimes Commission was the lack of active investigative powers. The specialists managed to compile more than 8 thousand cases, involving about 36 thousand defendants. They carried out this extensive work in the conditions of the deliberate destruction of evidence by the Nazis, the late start of the investigation and other difficulties.
Protes masyarakat Muslim Melayu-Patani Sebagai Upaya Memperoleh Hak Otonomi, 1902-1948
Authors: Anas Fajarul Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze; how the social and political conditions of Malay-Patani Muslims in 1902? how the Malay-Patani Muslim protest movement in an effort to gain autonomy? and why the protest movement influenced the socio-political changes of Malay Muslims in Thailand? This research uses historical methods through the stages of heuristic, verification (source criticism), interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study show that 1) The defeat of Patani led by Tengku Abdul Kadir, made Patani and the surrounding Islamic areas have to submit to the Siamese kingdom so that they do not have autonomy both from politics, culture, language and religion; 2) There were protest movements aimed at fighting for the autonomy of Malay Muslims in Patani from 1910 to 1923, for example in 1910 and 1911 and the peak in 1921 to 1923 which was marked by the enactment of an education law aimed at eliminating Islamic educational institutions in Southern Thailand; 3) The issue of autonomy in Southern Thailand only reached a certain realm, and the Thai government basically issued these policies as a control over Malay Muslims so that they do not separate from Thailand. However, the mistake will be to understand from the aspirations conveyed by Malay Muslims that continue to give birth to protest movements until the future.
Modelling future climate change impacts on grapevine water requirements and growing cycle in three wine PDOs of NE Spain
Authors: Funes Mesa Inmaculada , Sánchez-Costa Elisenda , Aranda Xavier , Altava-Ortiz Vicent , Barrera-Escoda Antoni , Prohom Marc , Poyatos Rafael , Sánchez-Ortiz Antoni , Savé Robert , De Herralde Felicidad 
Published: November 2024

Climate change is expected to heavily impact agriculture in the Mediterranean region due to higher temperatures and droughts. Within the agricultural systems, vineyards are one of the most affected by climate. Here we provide a diagnosis of the main impacts of climate change in three protected designations of origin (PDOs) in Catalonia (NE Spain) in the 21st century. This is fundamental for assessing the future suitability of grapevine cultivation in the study area. For this purpose, we estimated the annual net water needs of the vineyard and a set of agroclimatic parameters of crop phenology and ripening. Climate change impacts were estimated at 1 km pixel resolution using temperature and precipitation projections based on the IPCC AR5 RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. Water needs would be 2 to 3 times greater than current water needs and a general advance and shortening of the ‘Budburst to Harvest’ period were estimated. The flowering date would advance from 3 to 6 weeks and the harvest from 1 to 2.5 months, resulting in a duration of the ‘Budburst to Harvest’ period from 10 to 80 days shorter. Changes in temperature during ripening were also estimated. Minimum temperature and daily thermal amplitude during ripening could increase from 1.4 to 2.9 °C and from 0.4 to 2.8 °C, respectively, by the end of the century. Additionally, the number of tropical nights (nights with T min > 20 °C) at ripening would increase from 2 to 23.7 days during the second half of the 21st century. Dynamics would be similar in the three PDOs studied although the magnitude of impact would differ, leading, in some cases, to significant limitations for grapevine cultivation and wine production if no adaptation strategies are applied in the near future. Increases in water needs were slightly greater in Empordà PDO, while the potential impact on crop phenology and grapevine quality was greater in the Pla de Bages PDO. These results, despite the limitations from simplified methods, incomplete data and unaddressed uncertainties, could serve as a basis for the design of specific adaptation strategies to improve and maintain vineyards in the PDOs studied and could be extrapolated to similar PDOs and regions.
In situ Aqueous Spice Extract Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Candida albicans Biofilm Gels in Foley’s Catheter
Authors: Sadanandan Bindu , Vijayalakshmi Vaniyamparambath , Shetty Kalidas , Rathish Adithya , Shivkumar Harshala , Gundreddy Malavika , Narendra Nikhil Kumar Kagganti , Devaiah Nethra Machamada 
Published: November 2024

Candida forms gel like biofilm in the Foley’s catheter causing tenacious biofouling and severe urinary tract infections (UTI). For the first time a spice extract based antifungal lock therapy (ALT) has been developed to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm in Foley’s catheter. Aqueous extracts of garlic, clove and Indian gooseberry were used as ALT lock solutions and tested against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. The reduction in the biofilm formation in the catheter was confirmed by Point inoculation, MTT assay, CFU, and SEM analysis at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Garlic was effective in controlling both C. albicans M207 and C. albicans S470, however, clove and gooseberry effectively controlled the latter. As evidenced by MTT assay and CFU there was a 55 and 96% reduction in the growth of C. albicans at 24 h of incubation. SEM revealed a switch from the biofilm to the yeast mode and a drastic reduction in cell numbers with mostly clumped or lysed cells. The study will provide an impetus to the development of novel spice extract-based ALT, reducing selection pressure on the pathogen and lowering antimicrobial resistance. Further research in this area has potential to leverage clinical applications.
Blockchain Applications in the Military Domain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kostopoulos Nikos , Stamatiou Yannis C. , Halkiopoulos Constantinos , Antonopoulou Hera 
Published: November 2024

Background: Blockchain technology can be transformative in military operations, increasing security, transparency, and gaining efficiency. It addresses many of the problems related to data security, privacy, communication, and supply chain management. Those aspects that have been most researched are its integration with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, application in unmanned aerial vehicles, and secure communications; Methods: A systematic review of 43 peer-reviewed articles was performed to find out the applications of blockchain in defense. Key areas analyzed include the role of blockchain in securing communications, fostering transparency, promoting real-time data sharing, and using smart contracts for maintenance management. Challenges were assessed, including scalability, interoperability, and integration with the legacy system, alongside possible solutions, such as sharding and optimized consensus mechanisms; Results: In the case of blockchain, great potential benefits were shown in enhancing military operations, including secure communication, immutable record-keeping, and real-time integration of data with IoT and AI. Smart contracts optimized resource allocation and reduced maintenance procedures. However, challenges remain, such as in scalability, interoperability, and high energy requirements. Proposed solutions like sharding and hybrid architecture show promise to address these issues; Conclusions: Blockchain is set to revolutionize the efficiency and security of the military. Its potential is huge, but it must overcome issues of scalability, interoperability, and integration. Further research and strategic adoption will thus allow blockchain to become one of the cornerstones of future military operations.
Research on the Development of an Intelligent Prediction Model for Blood Pressure Variability During Hemodialysis
Authors: Ren Zhijian , Zhang Minqiao , Wang Pingping , Chen Kanan , Wang Jing , Wu Lingping , Hong Yue , Qu Yihui , Luo Qun , Cai Kedan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: Blood pressure fluctuations during dialysis, including intradialytic hypotension (IDH) and intradialytic hypertension (IDHTN), are coon complications among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Early prediction of IDH and IDHTN can help reduce the occurrence of these fluctuations. With the development of artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning models have become increasingly sophisticated in the field of hemodialysis. Utilizing machine learning to predict blood pressure fluctuations during dialysis has become a viable predictive method.
Methods: Our study included data from 67,524 hemodialysis sessions conducted at Ningbo No.2 Hospital and Xiangshan First People's Hospital from August 1, 2019, to Septeer 30, 2023. 47,053 sessions were used for model training and testing, while 20,471 sessions were used for external validation. We collected 45 features, including general information, vital signs, blood routine, blood biochemistry, and other relevant data. Data not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded, and feature engineering was performed. The definitions of IDH and IDHTN were clarified, and 10 machine learning algorithms were used to build the models. For model development, the dialysis data were randomly split into a training set (80%) and a testing set (20%). To evaluate model performance, six metrics were used: accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC-AUC, and PR-AUC. Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) method was employed to identify eight key features, which were used to develop a clinical application utilizing the Streamlit framework.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that IDH occurred in 56.63% of hemodialysis sessions, while the incidence of IDHTN was 23.53%. Multiple machine learning models (e.g., CatBoost, RF) were developed to predict IDH and IDHTN events. XGBoost performed the best, achieving ROC-AUC scores of 0.89 for both IDH and IDHTN in internal validation, with PR-AUC scores of 0.95 and 0.78, and high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores. The SHAP method identified pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure, BMI, and pre-dialysis mean arterial pressure as the top three important features. It has been translated into a convenient application for use in clinical settings.
Conclusion: Using machine learning models to predict IDH and IDHTN during hemodialysis is feasible and provides clinically reliable predictive performance. This can help timely implement interventions during hemodialysis to prevent problems, reduce blood pressure fluctuations during dialysis, and improve patient outcomes.
A study on a correction method for channel wave energy consistency under geophone-bolt coupling
Authors: Ji Guangzhong , Shi Lingyun , Zhang Yawei , XU Shuai , Liu Keyue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Channel wave seismic exploration is an important means to detect geological structure anomalies in coal seam working faces. The coupling of geophones has a great impact on channel waves. At present, the commonly used coupling method is to connect the geophone to a bolt outcrop. However, the coupling state between the bolt and coal wall can vary greatly, resulting in poor channel wave data consistency, thus affecting the imaging effect. At present, there are few studies on eliminating the effects of bolts. In addition, the excitation conditions of each shot are different, and the effects of shots also need to be eliminated. This article proposes an algorithm to eliminate the effects of geophone-bolt coupling and excitation conditions. An influence factor is set for the effect of each shot or each geophone on the channel wave, and a matrix equation is established for the data of all traces based on the channel wave attenuation formula. The overdetermined equation is solved to obtain the influence factor, which can be eliminated to obtain the true amplitude, thus achieving consistent correction of the channel wave energy. The algorithm is verified with theoretical data and achieves good results when using the field data, thus making up for the shortcomings of the current channel wave construction method.
Upstream proteolysis by Ste24 does not require a C-terminal methyl ester as revealed using 33-residue a-factor precursor peptide substrates synthesized via epimerization-free methods
Authors: Bader Taysir K. , Brown Shanica M. , Hrycyna Christine A. , Distefano Mark D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification that links a specific cytosolic protein with a hydrophobic isoprenoid lipid resulting in membrane localization of the target protein. Following prenylation, some proteins undergo proteolytic removal of a C-terminal tripeptide. This step results in a protein terminating in a prenylcysteine residue that is subsequently methylated by the membrane-associated methyltransferase ICMT. In some cases, this proteolytic reaction is catalyzed by ZMPSTE24 in humans or Ste24 in yeast. The molecular recognition demonstrated by this family of proteases is intriguing as they also cleave at an unrelated additional site upstream from the C-terminus that has no obvious structural similarity. From a medical perspective, these events are particularly important for the posttranslational processing of protein lamin A, as mutations in ZMPSTE24 that impair its activity lead to accelerated premature aging progeroid diseases. A central question in the field regards the structure of the C-terminus of processed lamin A and whether methylation is essential for subsequent upstream cleavage. Herein, a series of 33-residue peptides based on the structure of the precursor for the peptide pheromone a-factor from yeast, a substrate for both Ste24 and ZMPSTE24. These peptides were synthesized with a fluorescent donor-quencher pair and incorporated either a C-terminal methyl ester to mimic the native substrate, a free acid to mimic an unmethylated peptide or an amide to mimic differently modified C-termini. Their preparation presented several synthetic challenges due to the presence of a C-terminal methyl ester, an epimerization-prone C-terminal cysteine and an acid-sensitive farnesyl group. The synthesis of those peptides and an analysis of their cleavage at the upstream site catalyzed by Ste24 are reported here. In vitro fluorescence-based proteolytic cleavage assays showed that all of these peptides were processed at similar rates, suggesting that C-terminal methylation is not a prerequisite for subsequent upstream proteolysis.
Correlation Between the Maxillary Sinuses and the Nasal Cavity: Impact of Anatomical Variations and Linear and Volumetric Tomographic Measurements
Authors: Souza Daniel Adrian Silva , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel , Silva Paulo Goberlânio Barros , Rebello Iêda Margarida Crusoé Rocha , Vasconcelos Taruska Ventorini , Neves Frederico Sampaio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity, as well as to assess the association of these dimensions with anatomical variations in the sinonasal region.
Methods This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving the analysis of multislice computed tomography (CT) images from 300 individuals. The volume of the maxillary sinuses was measured using a semi-automatic segmentation technique, while the dimensions of the nasal cavity were obtained through linear measurements between predefined anatomical landmarks. Seventeen anatomical variations were examined, and correlations between the maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity dimensions were analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Statistical tests such as Wilcoxon, Fisher’s exact/chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc were employed to assess associations and differences between sample variables, with a significance level set at 5%.
Results A statistically significant correlation was found between maxillary sinus volume and the height (ρ<0.001/r=0.486) and depth (ρ<0.001/r=0.334) of the nasal cavity, as well as with the height of the sinus ostium (ρ<0.001/r=0.389). No significant correlation was found between maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity width (p=0.177). The most frequent anatomical variations were sinus septations (53.7%), middle concha bullosa (44.2%), and Haller cells (37.2%). No statistically significant difference was observed for side involvement in any of the variables analyzed (p>0.05).
Conclusion Individuals with larger maxillary sinuses tend to have a larger nasal cavity. Additionally, certain anatomical variations show a positive relationship with larger maxillary sinuses and nasal cavities.
Endoscopic stenting of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent with a hole in each cavity in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: A preclinical proof-of-concept study and initial human experience
Authors: Lee Jungnam , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Lim Jung-Hyun , Kobayashi Makoto , Takenaka Mamoru , Kwon Chang-Il 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim
Stent placement for biliary drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) has been a topic of long-standing debate, and the best approach remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and removability of multi-hole fully covered self-expandable metal stents (MH-FCSEMSs) in a preclinical experiment using swine hilar bile duct obstruction (HBDO) models and to assess the feasibility and safety of stent placement in patients with MHBO.
Methods
Three minipigs underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided endobiliary-radio frequency ablation (EB-RFA) to establish Bismuth type II hilar bile duct stenosis models. Four weeks after EB-RFA, 10 mm-diameter and 4 cm-length MH-FCSEMSs were endoscopically inserted into the left intrahepatic bile duct of the models. Stent patency and migration, as well as adverse events including cholangitis and endoscopic stent removability, were assessed three months after stent placement. Additionally, clinical applications of MH-FCSEMS were performed in two patients with MHBO to determine feasibility, safety, and stent patency.
Results
MH-FCSEMSs were successfully inserted into the left main intrahepatic bile duct and common hepatic duct of the models under ERCP in all three animals without any technical difficulties. Cholangiograms performed 12 weeks after MH-FCSEMS placement showed no stent migration, and all were successfully removed from the animal models. The functional success rate, defined as a decrease in serum total bilirubin level of more than 50% at 12 weeks after stent placement, was 100%. Moreover, MH-FCSEMSs were successfully inserted in two patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The procedures were technically feasible, and no major periprocedural complications were noted.
Conclusion
The preliminary long-term results of both preclinical and clinical pilot studies suggest that endoscopic biliary drainage using MH-FCSEMS may be a safe and effective treatment option for stenting and stent revision in the management of HBDO. Further studies comparing clinical outcomes to those of MH-FCSEMSwithout multi-hole in malignant hilar biliary obstruction will be needed to verify the clinical benefits.
Chinese Rural Children’s Video Game Disorder: Processes, Harms and Causes
Authors: Bao Kaixin , Wu Shujie , Oubibi Mohamed , Cai Lianyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Video game disorder among children in rural China has become a prominent social concern. Through data collection and in-depth analysis, this study aims to explore the processes, harms and causes of video game disorder among children from rural primary schools in China. Between August 15, 2022, and March 25, 2023, with the consent of the participants and their parents, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 sixth-grade students, 7 parents, and 7 teachers from 5 primary schools in rural areas. Employing the Grounded Theory method, we carried out three-level coding to analyze the interview data. The study found that children's video game disorder goes through four processes: entering - immersing - exiting - re-entering video games. Our analysis shows that video game disorder has a negative impact on children in four key aspects: cognition, physical and mental health, educational outcomes, and parent-child interaction. The causes involve the popularization of video game equipment, the deficiency of rural cultural infrastructure, incorrect guidance from parents and peers, as well as children's experiences in video games. Resolving children's video game disorder requires the joint efforts of families, schools, communities, and the whole society.