bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Lipids and Reduction of Oxidative Stress With Octacosanol After Taekwondo Training
Authors: Lee Sang-Ho , Scott Steven D. , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Lee Jeong-Gi , Park Song-Young 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:Athletes in combat sports undergo rapid changes in body weight prior to competition in order to gain a size advantage over their opponent. However, these large weight changes with concomitant high-intensity exercise training create poor lipid profiles and high levels of oxidative stress, which can be detrimental to health and sport performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the nutritional supplement octacosanol to combat the physiological detriments that occur in taekwondo players during rapid weight loss with high-intensity exercise training.Methods:A total of 26 male taekwondo players were randomly divided into 2 groups: An experimental group performed a 5% weight-loss and taekwondo training program with 40-mg octacosanol intake (OCT; n = 13) for 6 d, and a control group performed the same weight-loss and taekwondo training program with a placebo (CON; n = 13).Results:There were significant (P < .05) group × time interactions for low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, which significantly decreased (Δ18 [5] mg/dL and Δ80 [7] mg/dL, respectively), and high-density lipoprotein, which significantly increased (Δ10 [7] mg/dL), in the OCT group compared with the CON group. There were also significant (P < .05) group × time interactions for superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), with SOD increasing (Δ226 [121] U/gHb) in the OCT group, while GPx decreased (Δ20 [13] U/gHb) and MDA increased (Δ72 [0.04] nmol/mL) in the CON group.Conclusion:These results suggest that octacosanol may be a beneficial supplement to protect against the poor cholesterol levels and oxidative stress that occurs during taekwondo training.
The Effect of the “11+ Kids” Program on the Isokinetic Strength of Young Football Players
Authors: Zarei Mostafa , Abbasi Hamed , Daneshjoo Abdolhamid , Gheitasi Mehdi , Johari Kamran , Faude Oliver , Rommers Nikki , Rössler Roland 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: The “11+ Kids” injury-prevention program has been shown to reduce injuries and related costs in youth football players less than 14 y of age. A major argument to convince coaches to use this exercise-based injury-prevention program is a potential performance enhancement of the players. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the “11+ Kids” program on isokinetic strength. Methods: Two teams were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group replaced their warm-up by the “11+ Kids” and the control group warmed up as usual. Two days before and after the 10-wk intervention, isokinetic strength of the hip adductors and abductors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle invertors and evertors was tested. Results: Thirty-one players (mean age 11.5 [0.8] y) completed the study. The intervention group showed large improvements in all isokinetic strength measures (P < .001 for all measures; Cohen d = 0.8–1.4), whereas the control group only showed negligible to medium positive effects (P values ranging from .006 to .718; Cohen d = −0.1 to 0.7). The intervention was beneficial compared with the control group regarding isokinetic strength of the hip adductors (P < .001), knee flexors (P = .002), and ankle evertors (P < .001) and invertors (P = .005). Conclusions: Given the relatively short intervention period of 10 wk, the observed improvements relate to a practically meaningful effect of the intervention. The gain in strength may improve players’ performance and may contribute to a reduction of injury risk in the long-term application.
Depression in primary care: part 2—management
Authors: Ramanuj Parashar , Ferenchick Erin K , Pincus Harold Alan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDepression is a common and heterogeneous condition with a chronic and recurrent natural course that is frequently seen in the primary care setting. Primary care providers play a central role in managing depression and concurrent physical comorbidities, and they face challenges in diagnosing and treating the condition. In this two part series, we review the evidence available to help to guide primary care providers and practices to recognize and manage depression. The first review outlined an approach to screening and diagnosing depression in primary care. This second review presents an evidence based approach to the treatment of depression in primary care, detailing the recommended lifestyle, drug, and psychological interventions at the individual level. It also highlights strategies that are being adopted at an organizational level to manage depression more effectively in primary care.
Anticoagulation therapy in heart failure and sinus rhythm: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beggs Simon A S , Rørth Rasmus , Gardner Roy S , McMurray John J V 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveHeart failure is a prothrombotic state, and it has been hypothesised that thrombosis and embolism cause non-fatal and fatal events in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We sought to determine the effect of anticoagulant therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF who are in sinus rhythm.MethodsWe conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of anticoagulation therapy in patients with HFrEF in sinus rhythm. Our analysis compared patients randomised to anticoagulant therapy with those randomised to antiplatelet therapy, placebo or control, and examined the endpoints of all-cause mortality, (re)hospitalisation for worsening heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke of any aetiology and major haemorrhage.ResultsFive trials were identified that met the prespecified search criteria. Compared with control therapy, anticoagulant treatment did not reduce all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.99, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.08), (re)hospitalisation for heart failure (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.13) or non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.13). Anticoagulation did reduce the rate of non-fatal stroke (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.81, p=0.001), but this was offset by an increase in the incidence of major haemorrhage (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.38, p=0.001).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis provides evidence to oppose the hypothesis that thrombosis or embolism plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality associated with HFrEF, with the exception of stroke-related morbidity.
Effects of high-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males
Authors: Bernat Patrick , Candow Darren G. , Gryzb Karolina , Butchart Sara , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Bruno Paul 
Published: April 2019

The purpose was to investigate the effects of high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) and creatine supplementation in untrained healthy aging males. Participants were randomized to supplement with creatine (0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of creatine + 0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 of maltodextrin) or placebo (0.2 g·kg−1·day−1 of maltodextrin) during 8 weeks of HVRT. Prior to and following HVRT and supplementation, assessments were made for muscle strength, muscle thickness, peak torque, and physical performance. There was a significant increase over time for all measures of muscle strength (p < 0.001), muscle thickness (p < 0.001), and some measures of peak torque (knee flexion; 1.05 and 3.14 rad/s; p < 0.001) and physical performance (balance board time-to-completion; p = 0.017). There was a group × time interaction for leg press strength (p = 0.044) and total lower-body strength (leg press, knee flexion, knee extension combined; p = 0.039). The creatine group experienced greater gains in leg press and total lower-body strength compared with the placebo group, with no other differences. HVRT increases muscle strength, muscle thickness, and some measures of peak torque and physical performance in untrained healthy aging males. The addition of creatine supplementation to HVRT further augments the gains in leg press and total lower-body strength. Novelty High-velocity resistance training increases muscle mass and performance. Creatine supplementation increases lower-body muscle strength. High-velocity resistance training and creatine supplementation are safe interventions for aging adults.
DFT study of CuCoMnX (X = Si, Sn, Sb) quaternary Heusler alloys for phonon spectra
Authors: Afaq A. , Asif Ayesha , Bakar Abu , Rizwan M. , Munir H. Bushra , Shanian M. B. , Asif Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

The CuCoMnX (X = Si, Sn, Sb) equiatomic quaternary Heusler alloys (QHAs) are studied for phonon spectra by using density functional theory. The crystals exist in three possible structures Y-type I, Y-type II and Y-type III on the basis of their crystallographic positions. Y-type III structural arrangements proved to be the most stable and phonon density of states and phonon dispersion curves are obtained by using nonconserving pseudo-potentials for this type. There are no negative vibrational phonon modes in phonon density of states and phonon dispersion curves, so the alloys are dynamically stable. From the phonon dispersion curves, reststrahlen bands are calculated for which these crystals behave as reflectors for incoming light. The calculated reststrahlen bands are 1.470 THz [Formula: see text], 0.357 THz [Formula: see text] and 0.220 THz [Formula: see text] for CuCoMnSi, CuCoMnSn and CuCoMnSb alloys, respectively. These values correspond to far infra-red (FIR) spectral region so these alloys can be used for manufacturing FIR-devices.
Approximate Counting, the Lovász Local Lemma, and Inference in Graphical Models
Authors: Moitra Ankur 
Published: April 2019

In this article, we introduce a new approach to approximate counting in bounded degree systems with higher-order constraints. Our main result is an algorithm to approximately count the number of solutions to a CNF formula Φ when the width is logarithmic in the maximum degree. This closes an exponential gap between the known upper and lower bounds.
Moreover, our algorithm extends straightforwardly to approximate sampling, which shows that under Lovász Local Lemma-like conditions it is not only possible to find a satisfying assignment, it is also possible to generate one approximately uniformly at random from the set of all satisfying assignments. Our approach is a significant departure from earlier techniques in approximate counting, and is based on a framework to bootstrap an oracle for computing marginal probabilities on individual variables. Finally, we give an application of our results to show that it is algorithmically possible to sample from the posterior distribution in an interesting class of graphical models.
Parallel Bayesian Search with No Coordination
Authors: Fraigniaud Pierre , Korman Amos , Rodeh Yoav 
Published: April 2019

Coordinating the actions of agents (e.g., volunteers analyzing radio signals in SETI@home) yields efficient
search
algorithms. However, such an efficiency is often at the cost of implementing complex coordination mechanisms which may be expensive in terms of communication and/or computation overheads. Instead,
non-coordinating
algorithms, in which each agent operates independently from the others, are typically very simple, and easy to implement. They are also inherently robust to slight misbehaviors, or even crashes of agents. In this article, we investigate the “price of non-coordinating,” in terms of search performance, and we show that this price is actually quite small. Specifically, we consider a parallel version of a classical
Bayesian
search problem, where set of
k
≥1 searchers are looking for a treasure placed in one of the boxes indexed by positive integers, according to some distribution
p
. Each searcher can open a random box at each step, and the objective is to find the treasure in a minimum number of steps. We show that there is a very simple non-coordinating algorithm which has expected running time at most 4(1−1/
k
+1)
2
OPT+10, where OPT is the expected running time of the best fully coordinated algorithm. Our algorithm does not even use the precise description of the distribution
p
, but only the relative likelihood of the boxes. We prove that, under this restriction, our algorithm has the best possible competitive ratio with respect to OPT. For the case where a complete description of the distribution
p
is given to the search algorithm, we describe an optimal non-coordinating algorithm for Bayesian search. This latter algorithm can be twice as fast as our former algorithm in practical scenarios such as uniform distributions. All these results provide a complete characterization of non-coordinating Bayesian search. The take-away message is that, for their simplicity and robustness, non-coordinating algorithms are viable alternatives to complex coordinating mechanisms subject to significant overheads. Most of these results apply as well to
linear
search, in which the indices of the boxes reflect their relative importance, and where important boxes must be visited first.
Discovery of A Novel EGFR-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate, SHR-A1307, for the Treatment of Solid Tumors Resistant or Refractory to Anti-EGFR Therapies
Authors: He Kaijie , Xu Jianyan , Liang Jindong , Jiang Jiahua , Tang Mi , Ye Xin , Zhang Zhebin , Zhang Lei , Fu Beibei , Li Yan , Bai Chang , Zhang Lianshan , Tao Weikang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although inhibiting EGFR-mediated signaling proved to be effective in treating certain types of cancers, a quickly evolved mechanism that either restores the EGFR signaling or activates an alternative pathway for driving the proliferation and survival of malignant cells limits the efficacy and utility of the approach via suppressing the EGFR functionality. Given the fact that overexpression of EGFR is commonly seen in many cancers, an EGFR-targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) can selectively kill cancer cells independently of blocking EGFR-mediated signaling. Herein, we describe SHR-A1307, a novel anti-EGFR ADC, generated from an anti-EGFR antibody with prolonged half-life, and conjugated with a proprietary toxin payload that has increased index of EGFR targeting–dependent versus EGFR targeting–independent cytotoxicity. SHR-A1307 demonstrated strong and sustained antitumor activities in EGFR-positive tumors harboring different oncogenic mutations on EGFR, KRAS, or PIK3CA. Antitumor efficacy of SHR-A1307 correlated with EGFR expression levels in vitro and in vivo, regardless of the mutation status of EGFR signaling mediators and a resultant resistance to EGFR signaling inhibitors. Cynomolgus monkey toxicology study showed that SHR-A1307 is well tolerated with a wide therapeutic index. SHR-A1307 is a promising therapeutic option for EGFR-expressing cancers, including those resistant or refractory to the EGFR pathway inhibitors.
Divergent Temporal Trends in Morbidity and Mortality Related to Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Age, Sex, Race, and Geographic Differences in the United States, 1991–2015
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Zuo Yi , Kalesan Bindu 
Published: April 2019

Background

Heart failure (
HF
) and atrial fibrillation (
AF
) are rising in prevalence and pose a substantial public health burden.

Methods and Results

We evaluated temporal trends specific to age, sex, race, and geographic region in rates of
HF
‐ and
AF
‐related morbidity, mortality, and years of potential life lost at age 75 years between 1991 and 2015 in the United States. For trends in hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of
HF
versus
AF
, we used data for patients aged ≥30 years from 1993 to 2014 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. For trends in death due to
HF
versus
AF
, we used data from 1991 to 2015 from the National Center for Health Statistics. Over the past 25 years, the age‐adjusted rates of hospitalization declined for
HF
(−1.72% per year) but increased for
AF
(+1.61% per year).
HF
mortality rates remained unchanged, whereas those for
AF
increased (+11.2% per year). Years of potential life lost increased for both
HF
(+0.4% per year) and
AF
(+9.8% per year). Trends in
HF
and
AF
morbidity rates varied moderately by age group, whereas mortality rates varied by age and race.
HF
and
AF
hospitalization and mortality rates rose for individuals aged <50 years.
HF
hospitalization rates declined in all 4
US
census regions, whereas
AF
rates increased.

Conclusions

We observed divergent trends of decreasing hospitalization and mortality rates for
HF
versus increasing rates for
AF
. Variations in disease burden by race and geography warrant specific targeting of “at risk” groups in selected
US
regions. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the rising burden of both conditions in younger adults.
A new subgenus and three new species of leafcutter bees, Megachile (Austrosarus) (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) from central Brazil
Authors: RAW ANTHONY 
Published: April 2019

A new subgenus, Austrosarus, and three new species of Megachile from central Brazil are described. Austrosarus shares some characteristics with the subgenera Austromegachile, Chrysosarus and Sayapis. M. frankieana occurs in the Federal District of Brasília, in Goias and Minas Gerais states and in eastern and southern Mato Grosso, while M. diasi and M. candanga have been collected only in the Federal District. A key is provided to identify the females.
An Annual Cycle of Submesoscale Vertical Flow and Restratification in the Upper Ocean
Authors: Yu Xiaolong , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Martin Adrian P. , Buckingham Christian E. , Brannigan Liam , Su Zhan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNumerical simulations suggest that submesoscale turbulence may transform lateral buoyancy gradients into vertical stratification and thus restratify the upper ocean via vertical flow. However, the observational evidence for this restratifying process has been lacking due to the difficulty in measuring such ephemeral phenomena, particularly over periods of months to years. This study presents an annual cycle of the vertical velocity and associated restratification estimated from two nested clusters of meso- and submesoscale-resolving moorings, deployed in a typical midocean area of the northeast Atlantic. Vertical velocities inferred using the nondiffusive density equation are substantially stronger at submesoscales (horizontal scales of 1–10 km) than at mesoscales (horizontal scales of 10–100 km), with respective root-mean-square values of 38.0 ± 6.9 and 22.5 ± 3.3 m day−1. The largest submesoscale vertical velocities and rates of restratification occur in events of a few days’ duration in winter and spring, and extend down to at least 200 m below the mixed layer base. These events commonly coincide with the enhancement of submesoscale lateral buoyancy gradients, which is itself associated with persistent mesoscale frontogenesis. This suggests that mesoscale frontogenesis is a regular precursor of the submesoscale turbulence that restratifies the upper ocean. The upper-ocean restratification induced by submesoscale motions integrated over the annual cycle is comparable in magnitude to the net destratification driven by local atmospheric cooling, indicating that submesoscale flows play a significant role in determining the climatological upper-ocean stratification in the study area.
The Development of Severe Vortices within Simulated High-Shear, Low-CAPE Convection
Authors: Sherburn Keith D. , Parker Matthew D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnvironments characterized by large values of vertical wind shear and modest convective available potential energy (CAPE) are colloquially referred to as high-shear, low-CAPE (HSLC) environments. Convection within these environments represents a considerable operational forecasting challenge. Generally, it has been determined that large low-level wind shear and steep low-level lapse rates—along with synoptic-scale forcing for ascent—are common ingredients supporting severe HSLC convection. This work studies the specific processes that lead to the development of strong surface vortices in HSLC convection, particularly associated with supercells embedded within a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS), and how these processes are affected by varying low-level shear vector magnitudes and lapse rates. Analysis of a control simulation, conducted with a base state similar to a typical HSLC severe environment, reveals that the key factors in the development of a strong surface vortex in HSLC embedded supercells are (i) a strong low- to midlevel mesocyclone, and (ii) a subsequent strong low-level updraft that results from the intense, upward-pointing dynamic perturbation pressure gradient acceleration. Through a matrix of high-resolution, idealized simulations, it is determined that sufficient low-level shear vector magnitudes are necessary for the development of low- to midlevel vertical vorticity [factor (i)], while steeper low-level lapse rates provide stronger initial low-level updrafts [factor (ii)]. This work shows why increased low-level lapse rates and low-level shear vector magnitudes are important to HSLC convection on the storm scale, while also revealing similarities between surface vortexgenesis in HSLC embedded supercells and higher-CAPE supercells.
Analysis of Velopharyngeal Functions Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Huang Hanyao , Cheng Xu , Wang Yang , Huang Dantong , Wei Yuhao , Yin Heng , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Competent velopharyngeal (VP) function is the basis for normal speech. Understanding how VP structure influences the airflow during speech details is essential to the surgical improvement of pharyngoplasty. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the airflow features corresponding to various VP closure states using computed dynamic simulations. Methods: Three-dimensional models of the upper airways were established based on computed tomography of 8 volunteers. The velopharyngeal port was simulated by a cylinder. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were applied to illustrate the correlation between the VP port size and the airflow parameters, including the flow velocity, pressure in the velopharyngeal port, as well as the pressure in oral and nasal cavity. Results: The airflow dynamics at the velopharynx were maintained in the same velopharyngeal pattern as the area of the velopharyngeal port increased from 0 to 25 mm2. A total of 5 airflow patterns with distinct features were captured, corresponding to adequate closure, adequate/borderline closure (Class I and II), borderline/inadequate closure, and inadequate closure. The maximal orifice area that could be tolerated for adequate VP closure was determined to be 2.01 mm2. Conclusion: Different VP functions are of characteristic airflow dynamic features. Computational fluid dynamic simulation is of application potential in individualized VP surgery planning.