bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circularity Criteria and Indicators at the Construction Material Level
Authors: Pineda-Martos Rocío , Askar Rand , Karaca Ferhat , De Simone Marilena , Borg Ruben Paul , Malešev Mirjana , Radonjanin Vlastimir , Bas Bilge , Çavdar Ayfer Dönmez , Cervantes Puma Genesis Camila , Rosado Leonardo , Bragança Luís 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircular economy (CE) approaches highlight the potential of construction materials to achieve circularity and sustainability in resource-efficient construction systems and industries. Implementing CE at the material level involves factors such as efficiency, durability, waste reduction through recirculation, and replacement, while encompassing criteria that define circularity in building materials. Understanding the inherent characteristics and behaviours of these materials is crucial for maximising their circularity potential. This chapter analyses key properties of traditional construction materials, such as concrete and steel, alongside novel sustainable materials like bamboo, timber, and biomaterials. It identifies and proposes methods to promote circularity at the material level. Additionally, the chapter explores the application of CE principles to both traditional and innovative construction materials. Furthermore, the chapter discusses indicators designed to assess circularity at the material level, serving as valuable tools for informing decision-making and implementation practices in the construction sector. Various types of indicators are presented, categorised as strategic, generic performance, performance, and water consumption indicators. Strategies aligned with waste hierarchy principles are outlined, emphasising the reduction of construction and demolition waste, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, conserving energy, and optimising costs and water resources.
Material and Building Passports as Supportive Tools for Enhancing Circularity in Buildings
Authors: Leindecker Gerald , Askar Rand , Güngör Bengü , Blázquez Teresa , Turbina Nika , Gómez-Gil Marta , Karanafti Aikaterina , Bragança Luís , De Wolf Catherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe twin transition driven by European agendas emphasises the dual benefits of integrating digital technologies with green sustainability concepts. In the built environment and construction sector, this integration is exemplified by leveraging digitalisation to enhance circularity in construction processes. This chapter explores this synergy by focusing on the development and application of Material and Building Passports (MPs and BPs). It discusses how these passports are digitally utilised to optimise circularity aspects of buildings and construction materials. The chapter delineates the evolution of MPs and BPs, clarifying their various definitions, variants, and potential applications to support the sector's twin transition. Additionally, it examines numerous initiatives and pilot projects aimed at defining the passports, including their requirements and conditions, and the standardisation efforts to ensure their widespread adoption through a unified content structure. The roles of MPs and BPs across different lifecycle stages are elaborated, with a particular emphasis on the enhanced functionalities enabled by Building Information Modelling (BIM). Moreover, the chapter identifies several barriers impeding the full adoption of these passports, such as legislative and standardisation challenges, information security concerns, lack of collaboration, and issues with information accessibility and sharing. It concludes by suggesting future research directions to further refine the passports for optimised use by construction industry stakeholders.
Implementation and Consideration of Circularity Within International Sustainability Assessment Methods
Authors: Giarma Christina , Lombardi Patrizia , Askar Rand , Trubina Nika , Santana Tovar Daniela , Salles Adriana , Oral Hasan Volkan , Pineda-Martos Rocío , Karanafti Aikaterina , Feizollahbeigi Bahar , Mateus Ricardo , Torabi Moghadam Sara , Turk Janez , Borg Ruben Paul , Bragança Luís 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe construction sector is a major contributor to environmental degradation, prompting the need for integrating sustainability into its practices. This need has driven the development of sustainability assessment methods across various scales of the built environment. Simultaneously, the recent emphasis on Circular Economy (CE) principles has introduced challenges in translating these principles into measurable outcomes within the construction sector. This study aims to investigate the extent to which circularity principles are embedded within existing sustainability assessment methods for new buildings. The study begins by addressing the interrelationships and distinctions between circularity and sustainability concepts, establishing a foundation for the subsequent analysis. Five internationally recognised sustainability assessment methods for new buildings—BREEAM, DGNB, LEED, Level(s), SBTool—were examined to assess their incorporation of circularity aspects. Each component of these methods was scrutinised for alignment with the 10 circularity strategies outlined in the well-established 10-R framework of waste hierarchy. Expert groups, consisting of CircularB COST Action members, independently evaluated the methods and provided opinions on the direct and indirect associations between the assessed components and the 10-R principles. Disagreements were resolved through group discussions. The analysis revealed varying degrees of integration and explicit reference to circularity principles across the assessed methods. The study also highlighted the subjectivity inherent in identifying correlations and the challenges connected to linking certain circularity-related concepts in the built environment—such as resilience and adaptability—with the 10-R strategies. The findings underscore the need for a more in-depth analysis before making direct comparisons of the integration of circularity principles among different sustainability assessment methods, given their methodological differences. The study also identifies directions for future research.
Stakeholders’ Role, Inter-Relationships, and Obstacles in the Implementation of Circular Economy
Authors: Bajare Diana , Zsembinszki Gabriel , Yiatros Stylianos , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Cidik Mustafa Selcuk , Schiller Georg , Zhang Ning , Rizzo Agatino , Tambovceva Tatjana , Hendawy Mennatullah , Cavdar Ayfer Donmez , Borg Paul Ruben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe building sector contributes around 39% of global carbon dioxide emissions and consumes nearly 40% of all the energy produced. Over the whole life cycle, the building sector yields over 35% of the EU's total waste generation. These facts substantiate the necessity to implement circular economy in the built environments, in order to mitigate global warming and climate change emergency. This chapter highlights the state-of-the-art knowledge and research gap with respect to the stakeholders’ influences, inter-relationships, and obstacles for circular economy implementation on building stocks. In this chapter, a robust critical literature review of key documentations such as research articles, industry standards, policy reports, strategic roadmaps, case studies, and white papers has been rigorously conducted together with expert interviews. The state-of-the-art review addresses multi scales of CE practices adopted within the built environments. This chapter spells out current challenges and obstacles often encountered by various stakeholders. Case studies related to circular economy implementation have been drawn in order to promote such the CE practices across value chains in different regions and counties; and to overcome the barriers for circular economy implementation.
Circular Value Chain Management—Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Bajare Diana , Zsembinszki Gabriel , Rizaov Denis , Tambovceva Tatjana , Cudečka-Purina Natālija , Atstāja Dzintra , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Kripa Dorina , Nano Xhesila , Marangos Orestes , Nisiforou Olympia , Yiatros Stylianos , Tornaghi Marco Lamperti , Tleuken Aidana , Bragança Luís , Salles Adriana , Askar Rand , Turkyilmaz Ali , Laudal Thomas , Giarma Christina , Azhgaliyeva Dina , Karaca Ferhat , Cavdar Ayfer Donmez 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis section is devoted to analyzing the construction industry as one of the significant industries within the economy of any country with a high potential for circularity. According to Huovila and Westerholm [1], the buildings and construction sector is an essential contributor to environmental impacts and wealth creation in society, with social consequences. Globally, construction uses 36% of the energy, produces 39% of emissions, up to 40% of waste, and uses 50% of all the extracted materials. This undoubtedly emphasizes the significance of the industry and the necessity to transform it from a linear business model development towards a circular one to maintain the higher added value of the resources already currently in the economic cycle and significantly impact the consumption of primary resources. This section will provide an overview of different obstacles in the industry, followed by gaps in awareness and knowledge of the stakeholders and various case studies carried out during the research to highlight the potential solutions for shifting the mindsets and business models operating within the construction sector. The section also provides high-quality examples of successful study courses that can be integrated into different study programs to prepare highly-professional specialists in the construction industry or provide general knowledge on the industry and it’s potential for circularity for any other stakeholders.
CE Management
Authors: Bajare Diana , Zsembinszki Gabriel , Vaiciukyniene Danute , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Cidik Mustafa Selcuk , Tambovceva Tatjana , Kahraman Ilker , Kilic Gokhan , Cavdar Ayfer Donmez 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents a deep discussion of the recent case studies on implementation of best practices and strategies for the circular economy, and an integrated approach to CE management in the built environment. The case studies were evaluated by the following aspects: Design for Circular Economy; Resource Optimization; Collaborative Approaches; Digital Technologies; Policy and Regulatory Frameworks; Consumer Engagement; Life Cycle Assessment; Circular Business Models; Smart Monitoring and Evaluation; Stakeholder Collaboration. These studies indicated the diversity of best practices in CE management in different fields. On the other hand, a strategic planning and collaborative development of circular practices with relevant stakeholders are crucial for the effective development and implementation of circular capabilities and initiatives in the built environment.
Design for Circularity, Design for Adaptability, Design for Disassembly
Authors: Tsoka Stella , Tsikaloudaki Katerina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the basic principles of the Design for Circularity, Design for Adaptability and Design for Disassembly in the design face of building projects. The chapter initially provides a general overview of the circularity principles and the 10R incorporation in the design of circular buildings. At a second step, the basic actions to promote the adaptability and the modularity are presented and discussed.
Conformal anomalies for (maximal) 6d conformal supergravity
Authors: Casarin Lorenzo , Kennedy Christian , Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli Gabriele 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We compute the conformal anomalies for 6d (2,0) conformal supergravity by direct calculation in component fields. The main novel results consist of the type-B anomaly coefficients for the gravitino and the 3-form, as well as their explicit quadratic action on some specific backgrounds. We also comment on the graviton contribution, whose Lagrangian is essentially given by the 𝒬-curvature. We confirm the expectation that, when coupling (2,0) conformal supergravity to 26 copies of the (2,0) tensor multiplet, the resulting theory is free of conformal anomalies. We also consider the conformal anomalies for its (1,0) truncation and confirm their relation with the chiral anomaly polynomial recently derived. For calculating the anomalies, we work with an Einstein on-shell background and make a factorised Ansatz for the operators governing the quadratic fluctuations. This reduces the calculation to evaluating heat-kernel coefficients of standard 2-derivative operators. We fix and check our Ansatz against the explicit evaluation of the component-field supergravity action in some cases.
Inverse problem of correlation functions in holography
Authors: Fan Bo-Wen , Yang Run-Qiu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper shows that the bulk metric of a planar/spherically/hyperbolically symmetric asymptotically anti-de Sitter static black brane/hole can be reconstructed from its boundary frequency 2-point correlation functions of two probe scalar operators by solving Gel’fand-Levitan-Marchenko integral equation. Since the frequency correlation function is easily handled in experiments and theories, this paper not only proposes a new method to “measure” the corresponding holographic spacetime for a material that has holographic dual but also provides an approach to experimentally check if a system has holographic dual.
Axion production via trapped misalignment from Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking
Authors: Di Luzio Luca , Sørensen Philip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry does not need to be exact, and even a tiny source of PQ breaking not aligned with the QCD anomaly might have significant phenomenological implications. In this study, we examine the effects of a general class of PQ-breaking operators on the axion cosmological production via misalignment, focussing on both temperature-dependent and independent PQ-breaking potentials. In particular, we show that a variant of the trapped misalignment mechanism can delay the onset of axion oscillation, leading to an axion dark matter window with ma ≫ 10−5 eV. This scenario is testable through various experimental approaches, including standard axion haloscopes and helioscopes, as well as searches for electric dipole moments and axion-mediated forces.
Gender attitudes and business venturing in low gender egalitarianism culture: a study of Egypt and Jordan
Authors: Nguyen Bach , Shami Muntasir , Li Fujia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the link between individuals’ gender attitudes and their engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Grounded in the social feminist perspective within institutional theory, the research posits that those holding egalitarian views on gender are more inclined to participate in business ventures. The analysis focuses on Egypt and Jordan, where institutional frameworks of gender-based discrimination significantly shape social dynamics. Employing an instrumental variable approach to address endogeneity concerns, the findings suggest a positive association between egalitarian gender attitudes and involvement in entrepreneurship. This relationship appears particularly pronounced for women, older individuals, and those with higher educational attainment. Given the limited understanding of how gender attitudes influence entrepreneurial engagement, this study contributes to the literature by identifying which attitudes may foster greater involvement in business venturing. Furthermore, it adds value by examining the relatively underexplored contexts of Egypt and Jordan.
Present Trends in Analytical Methods for Determination of Multi-groups Environmental Contaminants Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Alkylphenol Ethoxylates, Alkylphenols, and Butylated Hydroxytoluene in River Sediments
Authors: Rusiňáková Katarína , Brenkus Marcel , Návojová Veronika Koperová , Kirchner Michal , Hrouzková Svetlana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper is focused on an overview of developments and validation procedures in analytical methods for the detection and quantification of emerging contaminants from multiple groups of environmental contaminants in the environment: polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters (PEs), alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), alkylphenols (APs), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in river sediments. Especially, the simultaneous extraction of several analyte groups from sediment samples is currently uncommon, but from the perspective of green analytical chemistry, it is highly desirable. In simultaneous analysis, multiple groups of substances are determined at once instead of through several individual analyses, saving energy, time, and chemicals while significantly increasing laboratory throughput. This review reports different approaches for monitoring the presence of environmental contaminants from four different groups of contaminants from river sediments. There are plenty of sampling techniques, with the core and grab sampling being the most employed at present. Sample preparation is a challenging part of the whole analytical method, providing ample opportunity for optimization in accordance with green analytical chemistry principles. Various extraction schemes, including ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques, accelerated solvent extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction are energy-intensive techniques but may be considered "green" due to their possibility to reduce the consumption of organic solvents, which are usually considered toxic. Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe extraction (QuEChERS) in the case of satisfactory validation parameters is well-evaluated and utilized. The most recent developments in extraction and clean-up techniques for simultaneous analysis of two, three or four groups of contaminants are showing promising results. Separation and detection techniques are shortly discussed. Further optimizations of analytical methodologies are needed, and future developments in the field of analytical methods for sediment samples are expected for more efficient and faster acquisition of data on the presence of contaminants in real monitoring samples.
LCA standards for environmental product assessments in the bioeconomy with a focus on biogenic carbon: A systematic review
Authors: Pscherer Theresa , Krommes Sandra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Climate change mitigation is one of the priorities of the European Bioeconomy Strategy (BES). In this regard, renewable raw materials are a crucial resource, as they help to substitute fossil resources and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by storing biogenic carbon (C). To control the environmental impact of the European BES, the life cycle assessment (LCA) is the preferred method. Standards provide guidance for LCA. This review aims to present the state of the art of LCA-related standards, focusing on the assessment of biogenic C and its global warming potential (GWP) to evaluate them for decision-making with regard to the transition to a bioeconomy (BE) and climate change mitigation.

Methods
A systematic review is conducted using the database Nautos to reveal the relevant standards guiding LCA in the BE. In an iterative process, criteria for a comparative analysis are defined. The eligible standards are then qualitatively analysed and compared based on criteria previously derived in the iterative process.

Results and discussion
In the context of LCA and bio-based products, 13 documents are identified. Differences are revealed in the accounting of biogenic C flows, the calculation of the duration of biogenic C storage and the biogenic C content as well as the consideration of substitution effects. Furthermore, the standards do not provide any information on the assessment of biogenic C in the circular economy so far.

Conclusion
The importance of biogenic C aspects in LCA has been reflected in the standards over the last 20 years. However, further research is needed to harmonise the different aspects and integrate new relevant ones related to biogenic C and BE to support decision-making for the transition to a BE. This becomes more important as new legislation refers to LCA standards as the preferred assessment method.
Shape and stability of rotation sets for incompressible flows on the torus
Authors: Bonomo Wescley , Lima Heides , Varandas Paulo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the concept of rotation cones, determined by rotation sets, and use these to describe the stability of rotation sets of incompressible and fixed-point free continuous flows on the torus

$$\mathbb{T}^{d}$$

T

d

, d ⩾ 2. The previous concept is equivalent and extends the stability of rotation numbers (and rotation vectors) in the special case of fixed-point free continuous flows on

$$\mathbb{T}^{2}$$

T

2

. We prove that incompressible Lipschitz vector fields with stable rotation sets have convex rotation cones with non-empty interior, and that all extremal edges are collinear with vectors in ℤ
d
. If, in addition, the rotation cones are proper, then these are polyhedral with finitely many edges. Finally we prove that the set of vector fields with stable rotation sets is C
0-open and dense among those having proper rotation cones.
Extrusion-Based Three-Dimensional Printing of Metronidazole Immediate Release Tablets: Impact of Processing Parameters and in Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Bhatkande Atharva , Narala Sagar , Wang Honghe , Narala Nagarjuna , Karnik Indrajeet , Vemula Sateesh Kumar , Repka Michael A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The current study assessed the potential of a pneumatic 3D printer in developing a taste-masked tablet in a single step. Metronidazole (MTZ) was chosen as the model drug, and Eudragit® E PO was used as a taste-masking polymer to produce taste-masked tablets.

Methods
The study focused on optimizing processing parameters, such as the nozzle's printing speed, the printhead's heating temperature, and the pressure. Oval-shaped tablets were printed with a rectilinear printing pattern of 30% and 100% infill and evaluated for in vitro drug release and taste masking. The 3D-printed tablets are also characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Results
The infill density impacts the drug release profile of the tablets. F9, F10, and F11 displayed desired printability among the formulations, with F9 and F10 exhibiting over 85% drug release within 60 min in the in vitro dissolution study. The F9 formulation, with 30% infill, effectively masked the bitter taste of MTZ in the in vitro dissolution study carried out in a pH 6.8 artificial salivary medium. The observed release was below the tasting threshold concentration of the model drug.

Conclusion
In summary, 3-dimensional extrusion-based printing combines the effects of hot-melt extrusion and fused deposition modeling techniques in a single-step process, demonstrating potential as an alternative to the fused-deposition model 3D printing technique and warranting further exploration.

Graphical Abstract