bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoproterozoic U–Pb (zircon) and 40Ar/39Ar (muscovite) ages from granitic pegmatite clasts, basal Ross Island Formation, Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Barr Sandra M. , Mortensen James K. 
Published: July 2019

Zircon grains from a granitic pegmatite clast from conglomerate at the base of the Ross Island Formation on Grand Manan Island indicate an igneous crystallization age of 664.1 ± 4.6 Ma. The clast also contains abundant older inherited grains back to the Archean. Muscovite in the same clast and an additional similar clast yielded cooling ages of 607.0 ± 3.7 Ma and 619.6 ± 4.1 Ma, respectively, providing a maximum depositional age for the host conglomerate of the Ross Island Formation. The similarity in age to pegmatite in the Seven Hundred Acre Island Formation in Penobscot Bay, Maine, supports earlier correlations between the two areas based on similarities in Neoproterozoic quartzite and carbonate units.
The Rupture of Identity and Identification in James Cone's Africana Theology of Existence
Authors: Ringer Christophe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this article, I argue that James Cone's Black Theology and Black Power inaugurates a theological project that contributes to the field of Africana philosophies of existence as conceptualized by Lewis Gordon. The article examines the importance of historical concrete situations, provides a phenomenological analysis of anti-Blackness as bad faith, and explores identity and identification in Cone's theological method. Finally, I argue that these themes contribute to the global relevance of Cone's theology of existence by analyzing the work of South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko.
I Know It Was the Blood: Prophetic Initiation and Retributive Justice in the Narratives of John Marrant, Nat Turner, and Frederick Douglass
Authors: Saville Alphonso F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article emphasizes the generative impact of West African religious culture on early African American Christians by analyzing the use of two symbols, wilderness and blood, in the autobiographical accounts of John Marrant, Nat Turner, and Frederick Douglass. I use Theophus Smith's notion of conjure to reconstruct the hermeneutical lens through which early African Americans read and understood the Bible and to explain how the repetition of symbols evinces Africana religious consciousness. While the Bible provided these authors and narrators with a narrative model for storytelling, the structural patterns and thematic emphases repeated in their texts suggest that Africana spirituality, rather than the doctrines of Euro-American Protestantism, primarily informs the processes by which these narrators construct religious meaning. The repetition of the Bible's symbols, tropes, and themes establishes a written tradition of biblical interpretation—a midrash of the Black Church—a hitherto-unacknowledged phenomenon in African diaspora religious history.
A New Class of Electrocatalyst Materials for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Zaidi Syed M. Javaid , Al-Ahmed Amir , Bello Mukhtar 
Published: July 2019

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has been attracting lots of attention as a power source for transportation, stationary and portable electronic devices due to the high energy density of methanol and ease of handling compared to gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and natural gas. However, the commercialization of DMFC is still limited due to some technical challenges such as methanol crossover and low methanol electro-oxidation kinetics. In order for fuel cells to be a feasible and viable option amongst clean energy technologies, innovations in the materials developments are required for efficient operation of fuel cells. Many efforts have been made in various research laboratories to develop high-performance catalysts that will enhance the methanol electro-oxidation. Compared to any single-metal catalyst, Pt has shown the highest activity for the electro-oxidation of methanol in an acid environment. However, Pt is expensive and during the methanol electro-oxidation reaction, COads and other organic intermediates such as formaldehyde, formic acid and methyl formate are formed on the Pt surface, which results in poisoning of the Pt catalyst.Many binary and ternary catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation have been investigated and reported in the literature, most of them based on modification of Pt with some other metal(s). The aim is to accelerate the oxidation of the intermediates and decrease their accumulation so as to improve the catalyst performance. Among the various catalyst formulations, PtRu alloy has shown the best results for the methanol electro-oxidation. Diverse methods have been used to prepare the PtRu-based catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation. Catalyst composition and method of preparation are known to immensely affect the physical property es and electrochemical performance of a catalyst. Thus, there is the need to use a carefully selected approach in order to prepare a catalyst with the highest attainable performance. Incorporation of transition metals into the PtRu catalysts to form ternary catalysts in order to improve the performance of the PtRu catalysts is one of the techniques attracting a lot of interest. In this work, a novel approach have been used for synthesizing a new class of electrocatalyst nanomaterials for electro-oxidation of methanol by incorporation nano-oxides of transition metals. The prepared nanomaterial catalysts were characterized using FESEM, BET surface area, EDX, FT-IR and XRD. The catalysts performance was studied using cyclic voltammetry and compared with the commercial Pt-Ru/C.
Improving Documentation of Cardio-Vascular Disease Risk in Medical Records of Diabetic Patients attending Non Communicable Disease Clinics at West Bay Health Center in Qatar
Authors: Salem Mohamed , Alali Amal , Bashwar Zelikha 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes have an increased prevalence of lipid abnormalities, contributing to their high risk of CVD. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated signiﬁcant effects of pharmacological (primarily statin) therapy on CVD outcomes in individual subjects with CHD and for primary CVD prevention. Our aim is to improve documentation of cardiovascular disease risk in medical records of diabetic patients attending non communicable disease clinics at west bay health center from 13% to 70% using world health organization cardiovascular disease risk Prediction Charts from September 2014 to January 2015.MethodsBaseline audit to determine the percentage of cardiovascular disease risk documentation, Brain storming session was done to identify the causes of such problem including fish bone analysis, Survey questionnaire was designated to assess the main causes of the problem and distributed to all nurses working in non communicable disease clinics, The results demonstrated in paretto chart, We discover the main causes of the problem lies on two main causes (nurses were not oriented to new non communicable disease format and some of them were not trained to calculate risk).Intervention in form of: Education session for nurses working in these clinics were done particularly on: Orientation about new format and cardiovascular disease riskdocumentation, Orientation sessions for clinic running physicians, Putting reminder posters in clinics and staff nurse stations. Several audits done retrospectively for two weeks (3 days each week) to show average percentage of documentation in pre-intervention stage from 15th September to 13th November 2014, Several audits done for three weeks (3 days each week) and then weekly for 5 weeks to show average percentage in post-intervention stage ending at 15th January 2015, All data was demonstrated using run chart.ResultsThe intervention began in November 2014 to January 2015 reveals that: Percentage of complete cardiovascular risk documentation for diabetic patients average was 7% in pre-intervention stage and increased to average of 59% after the interventionConclusionsIntervention in the form of nurse education and physician orientation improved Documentation of cardiovascular disease risk by 52%. Raising the average of documentation from 7% to 59%. Sustainability is very important for success in such improvement processes.
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Active Compounds (Glucokinin or Plant Insulin) from Bauhina Variegate L. in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Al-Jumaily Essam Fadel 
Published: July 2019

The study includes the isolation and extraction of some active molecules like (flavonoid and total poly phenolic) and plant insulin (Glucokinin) from leaves and flowers of B. variegate L. belonging to the family Leguminosae which cultivated in Iraq. Also the study employed an in vivo evaluation of Bauhinia leaves (petroleum ether and methanol extract) and methanol extract and flowers extraction in mice at concentrations (200 and 400 mg/kg) for (LM1 and LM2) and (200 mg/kg) for F given intra peritoneal for 10 days after inducing diabetes mellitus type 2 by alloxan (200 mg/1 kg body weight). The serum was isolated from blood by cardiac puncture for the biochemical tests, including glucose, cholesterol (ch), Triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). At day 10 the animal was killed and the liver and pancreas were kept in 10% formalin for preparation of histopathological sections. We concluded that the Plant insulin (Glucokinin) may be responsible for some of the actions at plant extracts for their antidiabetic properties. From the observations, it was concluded that the reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic rats were found to be dose dependent and also dependent on duration of action. So it might be useful in the treatment of diabetes without toxicity.KeywordsBauhinia variegata, Antidiabetic activity, Hyperglycemia, Hypolipidemic
Institutionalize Patient Related Communication in the Emergency Department of Hamad General Hospital through the Use of Sbar Communication Pattern
Authors: Venugopal Parvathy 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionSbar is a techinique that can be used to facilitate prompt and appropriate communication. It is a way for healthcare proffessionals to communicate effectively. The sbar tool is a memory prompt which helps the medical staff handover, prepare information just before handing over the required details/outcomes/result of the concerned patient from one shift to another shift duty incharge.Aim/objectivesTo increase and starndardize the usage of sbar as a communication tool among the clinical staff in the emergency department of hamad general hospital to 100% by feb 2016.MethodsThe project was done in an iterative four-step continuos improvement method through careful monitoring in various areas of ed to collect the baseline data. Sbar champ were chosen from each area to facilitate & coordinate the project to most of emergency dept. Sbar endorsement form was introduced for the nurses between shifts to notify information. Champion docs, nurse educators & quality reviewers decided on educational sessions to the ed-nurses & physicians. Educational sessions consisted of role play, scenario based and simulation training for the nurses & doctorsto make them understand the relevance of sbar. A monitoring tool was developed for “secret audit” on sbar usage.Results/outcomesThere has been a spike in the usage of sbar by the nurses & doctors during the endorsement time and between the work schedule. With the help of the charge nurses and sbar champions who regularly change from day to day, careful monitoring has been placed in various areas of the emergency department which has led to such significant achievement. As of now the measurement and the testing has been done with the nurses, physicians, ecg technicians, respiratory therapists and also the quality reviewers. We are soon planning to include ems for the same training and by end of june, we will make sure the whole emergency dept will be talking & reporting in sbar.ConclusionsInterproffesional communication activity is needed at the entry level for all proffesionals.Sbar is a teachable skill that is recognized by all healthcare workers as a safe effective method of communicating among providers. We will soon spread this communication between units & during transfers also.
A Study to Explore how and where the Population of Qatar Source Health Information
Authors: Choudhury Sopna Mannan , Arora Teresa , Alebbi Seham , Ahmed Lina , Aden Abdi , Agouba Sahar , Shewehy Abeer , Dakroury Youssra , Ahmed Salma , Albahri Afnan 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThe levels of chronic disease amongst the Qatari population have increased dramatically in recent years. Whilst these diseases are highly prevalent in Qatar, awareness surrounding the recognition of symptoms and the disease itself are limited. Sourcing accurate information about health conditions is crucial. It is currently unknown how Qatari people source information concerning health problems for themselves as well as others. This information, however, is essential for our understanding so that strategies can be derived to assist the population concerning the various health problems that are encountered. We explored how and where the Qatari population seek information regarding health problems.MethodsEthical approval was gained from Hamad Medical Corporation/Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Joint Institutional Review Board (14-00017). Adult Qataris 18–85 y were approached at different sites, including educational establishments and shopping malls, and asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire to ascertain basic information concerning demographics, health status, and utilisation of health care services during the past year and sources of health information that individuals access. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23.ResultsA total of 394 questionnaires were completed, with 62% respondents being women. More men rated their health as very good compared to women (60.1% and 53.1%, respectively). However, this was not statistically significant X2(3, 387) = 5.7, p = 0.319.Overall, more people in Qatar used the Internet as a source of health information (71.1%) than in previous studies in the USA (23.8–53.5%)(1,2). This difference between US and Qatar percentages can be explained by the fast diffusion of Internet use and overall wide spread of technology usage among Qataris (3).More women (78.7%) than men (60.8%) used the Internet as a source of seeking information about health (X2 (1, 72) = 14.8, p
Thymidylate Kinases as Potential Anti-Cancer and Antibiotic Drug Targets
Authors: Rule Gordon 
Published: July 2019

Thymidylate kinases (TMKs) play a central role in the production of nucleotide precursors that are required for the replication of DNA. Consequently, this enzyme is a potential drug target for the discovery of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic drugs. In addition, TMKs are also involved in the activation of prodrugs. In particular, the anti-HIV drug AZT is activated by human TMK (huTMK) and the low efficiency of huTMK towards AZT is a significant problem in the use of AZT in the treatment of HIV. Finally, nucleotide precursors are required in large amounts by cancerous cells, thus the inhibition of huTMK by chemotherapeutic agents may enhanced the arsenal of drugs that are used to treat cancer.Although there has been some effort to develop inhibitors of TMKs, these efforts have been hampered by the difficulty in performing high throughput screening using compound libraries. In addition, the characterization of TMK-drug complexes has been limited to X-ray diffraction studies which provide static information about the enzyme-drug complex. There have been no attempts to apply high-resolution multi-nuclear NMR techniques to determine the fundamental dynamic properties of these enzymes and how the structure and dynamics of the enzyme are altered by the binding of substrates or inhibitors.As a preliminary step in characterizing these enzymes by NMR we have over-expressed TMKs from yeast, human, and two pathogens - Plasmodium falciparum and Candida albicans. Expression of these TMKs was optimized by the design of synthetic genes for expression in bacteria. In the case of the human enzyme, we are able to routinely produce 250 mg of the enzyme/L of culture. Preliminary NMR spectra of the yeast, human, and plasmodium enzyme show that the protein is a homo-dimer in solution, as anticipated from X-ray studies. The amide and methyl spectra are well resolved, indicating that resonance assignment by traditional TROSY based methods will be feasible for both the amides and the methyl resonances. In particular the high sensitivity and dispersion of the methyl spectra will facilitate characterization of the dynamic properties of these enzymes by carbon and deuterium relaxation. Ligand induced changes in the dynamics and structure of huTMK in solution will be characterized using NMR methods. These studies will provide additional insights into the inability to huTMK to effectively activate AZT. The entropic component of the thermodynamics of substrate binding to TMK from the parasite that causes malaria will also be characterized by determining dynamic changes by NMR methods.The development of NMR methods to study these enzymes also provides a method for high throughput screening of compound libraries by detecting chemical shift changes in the NMR spectral of the enzyme due to binding of a potential lead compound.
High Selenium Intake is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction: Critical Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Agouni Abdelali , Zachariah Matshediso , Maamoun Hatem , Rayman Margaret 
Published: July 2019

Selenium is associated with insulin resistance and may therefore affect endothelial function, increasing type II diabetes risk and associated cardiovascular-disease risk. However the underpinning molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. High selenium doses cause apoptosis in some cancer cells through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, a mechanism also involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction (ED). Thus we hypothesised that high selenium intake could cause ED through ER stress.Endothelial cells were treated with selenite (0.5–20 μM) in the presence or absence of the ER chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutryic acid (PBA). High selenium concentrations (5–10 μM of selenite) compared to physiological concentration (0.5 μM) enhanced mRNA expression of several pro-apoptotic ER stress markers; such as activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) and CAAA/enhanced-binding homologous protein (CHOP). In addition, Griess assay showed that high selenite treatment (5–20 μM) reduced NO production. Moreover, flow cytometry assays showed that high selenium enhanced ROS production and apoptosis in cells. Finally, supra-nutritional concentrations of selenite increased caspases 3/7 activity in endothelial cells compared to the physiological concentration. Interestingly, the pre-incubation of cells with PBA completely reversed all the effects of high selenium indicating the involvement of ER stress response.Overall, we show here that high selenium treatment causes endothelial dysfunction and cell death through the activation of ER stress response. These results highlight the importance of a balanced selenium intake in order to achieve maximal health benefits. These findings also underscore the importance to monitor cardiovascular risk development in cancer patients supplemented with high amounts of selenium as part of their chemotherapeutic intervention.
FPGA Based Image Processing Algorithms (Digital Image Enhancement Techniques) Using Xilinx System Generator
Authors: Alareqi Mohammed Abdulhalim 
Published: July 2019

FPGAs has many significant features that serves as a platform for processing real time algorithm. It gives substantially higher performance over programmable Digital Signal Processor (DSPs) and microprocessor. At present, the use of FPGA in research and development of applied digital systems for specific tasks are increasing. This is due to the advantages FPGAs has over other programmable devices. These advantages are high clock frequency, high operations per second, code portability, code libraries reusability, low cost, parallel processing, Capability of interacting with high or low interfaces, security and Intellectual Property (IP).This paper presents concept of hardware digital image processing algorithms using field programmable gate array (FPGA). It focus on implementation an efficient architecture for image processing algorithms like image enhancement (point processing techniques (by using fewest possible System Generator Blocks. In this paper, Modern approach of ‘Xilinx System Generator’ (XSG) is used for system modeling and FPGA programming. Xilinx System Generator is a tool of matlab that generates bit stream file (*.bit), Netlist, timing and power analysis. Performance of these architectures implemented in FPGA card XUPV5-LX110T.
A Distributed and Adaptive Graph Simulation System
Authors: Nilangekar Pooja , Hammoud Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Large-scale graph processing is becoming central to our modern life. For instance, graph pattern matching (GPM) can be utilized to search and analyze social graphs, biological data and road networks, to mention a few. Conceptually, a GPM algorithm is typically defined in terms of subgraph isomorphism, whereby it seeks to find subgraphs in an input data graph, G, which are similar to a given query graph, Q. Although subgraph isomorphism forms a uniquely important class of graph queries, it is NP-complete and very restrictive in capturing sensible matches for emerging applications like software plagiarism detection, protein interaction networks, and intelligence analysis, among others. Consequently, GPM has been recently relaxed and defined in terms of graph simulation. As opposed to subgraph isomorphism, graph simulation can run in quadratic time, return more intuitive matches, and scale well with modern big graphs (i.e., graphs with billions of vertices and edges). Nonetheless, the current state-of-the-art distributed graph simulation systems still rely on graph partitioning (which is also NP-complete), induce significant communication overhead between worker machines to resolve local matches, and fail to adapt to various complexities of query graphs.In this work, we observe that big graphs are not big data. That is, the largest big graph that we know of can still fit on a single physical or virtual disk (e.g., 6TB physical disks are cheaply available nowadays and AWS EC2 instances can offer up to 24 × 2048GB virtual disks). However, since graph simulation requires exploring the entire input big graph, G, and naturally lacks data locality, existing memory capacities can get significantly dwarfed by G's size. As such, we propose GraphSim, a novel distributed and adaptive system for efficient and scalable graph simulation. GraphSim precludes graph partitioning altogether, yet still exploits parallel processing across cluster machines. In particular, GraphSim stores G at each machine but only matches an interval of G's vertices at the machine. All machines are run in parallel and each machine simulates its interval locally. Nevertheless, if necessary, a machine can inspect remaining dependent vertices in G to fully resolve its local matches without communicating with any other machine. Hence, GraphSim does not shuffle intermediate data whatsoever. In addition, it attempts not to overwhelm the memory of any machine via employing a mathematical model to predict the best number of machines for any given query graph, Q, based on Q's complexity, G's size and the memory capacity of each machine. Subsequently, GraphSim renders adaptive as well. We experimentally verified the efficiency and the scalability of GraphSim over private and public clouds using real-life and synthetic big graphs. Results show that GraphSim can outperform the current fastest distributed graph simulation system by several orders of magnitude.