bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interracial Relationships
Authors: Maneese Liana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“Interracial Relationships: How Antiblackness Informs Kinship and Therapist Responsibility” focuses on antiblackness, specifically the importance of understanding how the culture of whiteness is inherently anti-Black and upholds anti-Black sentiment in every crevice of life. People are first exposed to this in kinship and it is later reinforced by media and culture. So what does this all mean in relationships? Can people love interracially truly if antiblackness continues to go unaddressed and unchecked in many relationships, intentionally or not? The author proposes that people employ what bell hooks calls a love ethic, or love as the practice of freedom, to reframe love as liberatory, as well as to think about integrating identity development, perceived power or lack thereof, and the role of psychotherapy in this process.
Liberatory Training and Authentic Allyship
Authors: Hurst Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“Liberatory Training and Authentic Allyship” explores the challenges and potentialities for training programs to ethically support and affirm mental health interns in their professional development. Using personal narratives and available research, this chapter discusses the experiences of trainees of color and the challenges that predominantly White training programs have in providing an ethical and liberatory training experience. This chapter interrogates the racialized dynamics embedded in these systems and the impact this has on both developing professionals and the mental health field at large. Importantly, it highlights strategies to assist training programs and clinical supervisors in engaging trainees from a liberatory, antiracist framework. This framework offers the potential for collective growth and empowerment for mental health interns and beyond.
Between Us
Authors: Victoria Ward Janie , Thompson Becky 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In “Between Us: A Black and White Woman’s Conversation , About Friendship,” two senior faculty members, one Black, one White, reflect on the risks involved in telling the truth in their friendship and how they negotiated racism within their university. Engaging in the revelatory activity of honesty helped them become closer and understand what they are both up against in White-dominated spaces. The silences they broke revealed assumptions they had about each other and allowed them to think in more expansive ways about what trust can look and feel like between Black and White women.
White Fragility
Authors: Le Anh-Thuy H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
“White Fragility: A Prominent Barrier to Antiracist Progress” defines and explores the origins and outcomes of White defensiveness pertaining to race-based discussions. This chapter highlights how intertwined White fragility, White privilege, and White innocence are and the ways they are ingrained into American society. It considers how White fragility prevents genuine progress toward antiracism, as it allows White people to opt out of these important discussions and to perpetuate the myth of victimhood. Additionally, it casts Black individuals who raise these concerns in the role of aggressor, playing on negative racial stereotypes and compounding the deleterious effects of racism. Many of these points are illustrated using contemporary examples, demonstrating how timely this discussion is in light of increasingly conservative backlash. The chapter closes with an overview of ways to dismantle White fragility, from both an individual-level and systems-level approach.
Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Thomas Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address on March 4, 1801. Jefferson begins by expressing his appreciation for the trust of his fellow-citizens. He mentions the sacred principle “that though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression.” Jefferson then recognizes the dangers of religious and political intolerance, before emphasizing the strength of a republican government. He also highlights what he deems the essential principles of the United States government. These include “honest friendship with all nations”; “the support of the State governments in all their rights”; “the supremacy of the civil over the military authority”; and freedom of religion and of the press.
James Madison’s Second Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents James Madison’s Second Inaugural Address on March 4, 1813. Madison begins by explaining that the war against Great Britain in 1812 “was not declared on the part of the United States until it had been long made on them, in reality though not in name.” He maintains that “on the issue of the war are staked our national sovereignty on the high seas and the security of an important class of citizens, whose occupations give the proper value to those of every other class.” He also asserts that “as the war was just in its origin and necessary and noble in its objects, we can reflect with a proud satisfaction that in carrying it on no principle of justice or honor, no usage of civilized nations, no precept of courtesy or humanity, have been infringed.”
The Era of Good Feelings
Authors: Preston Daniel F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the First Inaugural Address of James Monroe. Monroe assumed the reins of government during a period of peace and prosperity. The European war that had begun in the early 1790s, persisted until 1815, ensnared the United States, and led to the War of 1812 was finally ended. The American economy, which had been badly shaken by the years of maritime disruption and war, was showing a remarkable recovery, exemplified by the steady stream of revenue from land sales, import tariffs, and excise taxes flowing into the national treasury. As such, Monroe began his remarks by examining the causes of the “present happy condition” of the country. Yet, for all his faith in the American people, he still warned about complacency, particularly about peace. He then advocated for a strong national defense, the expansion of the American economy, and the construction of a network of roads and canals.
John Quincy Adams’s Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents John Quincy Adams’s inaugural address on March 4, 1825. Adams begins by outlining the principles by which he shall be governed in the fulfillment of his duties. He vows “to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to the people” of the United States. Adams also acknowledges how “subordinate departments have distributed the executive functions in their various relations to foreign affairs, to the revenue and expenditures, and to the military force of the Union by land and sea.” He then reviews the performance of the previous administration, before turning to the issue of public works and the construction of roads.
Andrew Jackson’s First Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Andrew Jackson’s First Inaugural Address on March 4, 1829. Jackson begins by saying that he “shall keep steadily in view the limitations as well as the extent of the Executive power.” With regard to foreign nations, his approach is “to preserve peace and to cultivate friendship on fair and honorable terms.” Jackson then turns to the management of the public revenue, focusing on “the observance of a strict and faithful economy,” which “will facilitate the extinguishment of the national debt” and “counteract that tendency to public and private profligacy which a profuse expenditure of money by the Government is but too apt to engender.” Finally, Jackson addresses national defense; the “just and liberal policy” for “the Indian tribes”; and “the task of reform, which will require particularly the correction of those abuses that have brought the patronage of the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of elections.”
William Henry Harrison’s Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents William Henry Harrison’s Inaugural Address on March 4, 1841. Harrison highlights the defects of the Constitution, starting with the “eligibility of the same individual to a second term of the Presidency.” He pledges “that under no circumstances will I consent to serve a second term.” Harrison then focuses on the veto power of the president, which is “repugnant to the leading democratic principle that the majority should govern.” He argues, “it was certainly a great error in the framers of the Constitution not to have made the officer at the head of the Treasury Department entirely independent of the Executive.” Harrison addresses “the control of the public press”; “the impropriety of Executive interference in the legislation of Congress”; the character of the currency; and the exclusive jurisdiction of Congress in the District of Columbia. He also discusses the management of foreign relations and the issue of political partisanship.
John Tyler’s Address upon Assuming the Office of President of the United States
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents John Tyler’s address upon assuming the office of president of the United States on April 9, 1841. Tyler begins by acknowledging the death of William Henry Harrison. He then outlines the principles that will govern him in his administration of public affairs. With regard to foreign nations, Tyler says, “while I shall sedulously cultivate the relations of peace and amity with one and all, it will be my most imperative duty to see that the honor of the country shall sustain no blemish . . . the condition of our military defenses will become a matter of anxious solicitude.” He highlights the importance of complete separation “between the sword and the purse.” Tyler addresses the president’s right to appoint and remove from office; the maintenance of freedom of opinion and the right of suffrage; the resort to a rigid economy in all public expenditures; and financial measures.
Old Rough and Ready
Authors: Holt Michael F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Inaugural Address of Zachary Taylor. The first sentence of Taylor’s address suggests that he considered it a necessary but unwelcome obligation. He was not a politician; he had never sought or held a civilian public office, attended a party meeting, or voted prior to November 1848. Rather he was a career army officer who commanded the American troops in northern Mexico during the first year of the Mexican-American War. The chapter looks at the Allison letters, in which Taylor embraced the fundamental Whig principle that it was Congress’s duty, not the president’s, to set domestic policies regarding tariffs, internal improvements, currency, and the like, and that he would never veto congressional legislation unless it were clearly unconstitutional. The chapter also considers the Wilmot Proviso and the sectional quarrel over slavery expansion that had dominated the election of 1848 and that remained unsettled as of March 1849.
Franklin Pierce’s Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Franklin Pierce’s Inaugural Address on March 4, 1853. Pierce first declares that “the policy of my Administration will not be controlled by any timid forebodings of evil from expansion.” He highlights that “purposes, therefore, at once just and pacific will be significantly marked in the conduct of our foreign affairs,” and he intends that his Administration “shall leave no blot upon our fair record, and trust I may safely give the assurance that no act within the legitimate scope of my constitutional control will be tolerated on the part of any portion of our citizens which cannot challenge a ready justification before the tribunal of the civilized world.” He also emphasizes the roles of the Army and the Navy in military defense; the observance of rigid economy in all departments; and the proper distribution of power between the state and federal authorities.
Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, which prominently mentioned the presence of God. It considers the partisan opinion about the ongoing civil war, clarifying that the Inaugural Address aims to save the Union without war. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. The address highlights the inevitability of war. It then cites that one-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, localized in the Southern part of the Union, and constitute a peculiar and powerful interest that would cause the war.
The End of Reconstruction
Authors: McLochlin Dustin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Inaugural Address of Rutherford B. Hayes. It starts with the controversy surrounding Hayes’s inauguration since he was sworn into the presidency two days early in the White House. Since the Civil War ended, the major political topic of the inauguration speech revolved around Reconstruction. While civil service reform undoubtedly created rifts within the Republican party, his stance on the economy had the potential to create rifts within the Democratic party. The chapter explains Hayes’s belief that it was time for the South to have local self-government, especially now that the nation had passed the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
“Chet Arthur? President of the United States? Good God!”
Authors: Nugent Walter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Chester A. Arthur’s address upon assuming the office of president of the United States. It details the death of James A. Garfield, who was shot and ultimately succumbed to blood poisoning. Arthur did not have a formal inauguration or a true inaugural address, and his speech primarily aimed to reassure the people that the road to the future would be smooth. Arthur and his administration did achieve several things, which together formed a more activist federal government, such as the Edmunds Act outlawing polygamy and the Chinese Exclusion Act cutting off migration from China for ten years. Under Arthur’s watch, the United States in 1884 became a signatory to the international treaty establishing standard time.
The Eve of War
Authors: Cooper, Jr. John Milton 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Second Inaugural Address of Woodrow Wilson. It notes how the president could fairly point to the consequential, sometimes monumental, domestic legislation that he and his party had enacted during those years, at the risk of bragging. The happy state of affairs of Wilson’s presidency came to an end suddenly when the Germans unleashed their submarines and destroyed his plans to build a new international order. The chapter details Wilson’s policy of arming American merchant ships. Regardless of the time he pondered about the war, Wilson ultimately chose to go to war in an effort to build a more just and peaceful world.
Return to Normalcy
Authors: Robenalt James D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the Inaugural Address of Warren G. Harding. In his inauguration speech, Harding sought to protect America’s sovereignty and any decision to use its power, but he was solicitous of those who believed that the United States had a sacred mission in the world. Harding argues that the United States alone was the guiding example of a representative form of government, and the nation would not shrink from challenges to the international order. The chapter notes that one of the achievements of Harding’s administration was disarmament. It also considers Harding’s plans concerning the World Court, government expenditures, and taxes.
The Great Humanitarian
Authors: Clements Kendrick A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Inaugural Address of Herbert Hoover. It explains that the election to the presidency seemed to allow Hoover to press forward his ideas for expansion of the federal role, but Hoover was acutely aware that Calvin Coolidge’s point of view shadowed his ambitions. Hoover devoted the longest section of his speech to a discussion of lawlessness that had grown out of popular opposition to the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The chapter notes the central issue of disregard and disobedience of the law according to Hoover. It mentions the weather as an omen during the inauguration speech, despite his optimism.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Fourth Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Fourth Inaugural Address that was delivered on January 20, 1945. According to Roosevelt, Americans and Allies at the time were passing through a period of supreme test of courage, resolve, wisdom, and essential democracy. Roosevelt implores its citizens to work for a just, honorable, and durable peace after fighting for total victory in war. It mentions the Constitution of 1787, which provided a firm base upon which all manner of men, of all races and colors and creeds, could build a solid structure of democracy. In the address, Roosevelt emphasizes learning to be citizens of the world and members of the human community. According to Roosevelt, the Almighty God has blessed America in many ways and has given its people stout hearts and strong arms with which to strike mighty blows for freedom and truth.
Harry S. Truman’s Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the Inaugural Address delivered by Harry S. Truman on January 20, 1949, wherein he asks the encouragement and support of the American people for his position as president. Truman’s inauguration marked the beginning of a new administration that was hoped to be decisive for the United States and for the world. Truman emphasizes the supreme need for men to learn to live together in peace and harmony. According to Truman, the American people must stand firm in the faith which has inspired the American nation from the beginning and must believe that all men have a right to equal justice under law and equal opportunity to share in the common good. It describes the American people’s desire for a world in which all nations and all peoples are free to govern themselves as they see fit and to achieve a decent and satisfying life.
Dwight D. Eisenhower’s First Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Dwight D. Eisenhower’s First Inaugural Address, delivered on January 20, 1953. Eisenhower’s speech starts with a prayer asking the Almighty God that he and his future associates in the executive branch of government may be able to dedicate themselves to the service of the people. After the prayer, Eisenhower addresses the American citizens and reminds them that the country is in a midway point of a century of continuing challenge. The address includes Eisenhower’s declaration that faith defines the full view of life and establishes the gifts of the Creator as man’s inalienable rights, making all men equal in His sight. Eisenhower emphasizes that Americans must know and observe the difference between world leadership and imperialism, between firmness and truculence, and between a thoughtfully calculated goal and spasmodic reaction to the stimulus of emergencies.
The Dawn of the Great Society
Authors: Updegrove Mark K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the Inaugural Address of Lyndon B. Johnson, which included his feelings of wanting to carry on for the assassinated President John F. Kennedy. Johnson considered himself the caretaker of both his people and policy and promulgated the Great Society as the hallmark of his term in office. While not on par with the century’s most iconic Inauguration Day oratory, Johnson’s speech reflected his prodigious commitment to deliver social change. The chapter notes the absence of any reference to the War in Vietnam in Johnson’s speech. There was also no allusion to the Cold War or the threat of the spread of communism, which had been the centerpiece of Kennedy’s celebrated “pay any price, bear any burden” rhetoric four years earlier.
Gerald Ford’s Remarks upon Taking the Oath of Office as President
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Gerald Ford’s remarks upon taking the oath of office as president, which was delivered in the shadow of a presidential resignation. Ford opened his speech by saying that what he was about to deliver was not an Inaugural Speech or a Fireside Chat, but “just a little straight talk among friends.” The speech continued along a path designed to exorcise the ghost of Nixon Past by dismissing Watergate. It includes one of the most memorable lines in modern inaugural history, wherein Ford implied to Americans that the long national nightmare is over. Ford delivered the “long national nightmare” line with both conviction and forcefulness as he proclaimed the start of his own administration.
The Great Communicator
Authors: Troy Gil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan, wherein he invited Americans to trust him, their country, and themselves, as one, integrated, red-white-and-blue package. Ronald Reagan used his inauguration and his first hundred days to establish a new national tone. It details how Reagan sought to restore faith in American individualism by targeting “big government.” The chapter highlights Reagan’s words insisting that America is a nation that has a government, and not the other way around. Reagan ended his speech by summoning the best effort and willingness from the American people to believe in the capacity to perform great deeds and to believe that together, with God’s help, they can resolve the problems confronted by the country.
Barack Obama’s First Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Barack Obama’s First Inaugural Address on January 20, 2009, which picked up where “A More Perfect Union” left off. Obama, a mixed-race man who identifies as African American, understands his journey as improbable when he offers that his father less than sixty years ago might not have been served in the local restaurant. It implies that what was improbable became possible, which is a uniquely American story. Obama recounts in his speech the diversity of the American experience, of those who traveled across oceans in search of a new life and those who endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. Obama is the only other president to concede in an inaugural address the peculiar and powerful interest of enslaved Blacks as involuntary arrivals on America’s shores at its founding.
Donald Trump’s Inaugural Address
Authors: Singh Yuvraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents Donald Trump’s Inaugural Address on January 20, 2017, after winning the Electoral College, although he lost the popular vote by 2.8 million ballots. The address reviews the victories of former presidents, congressional leaders, and other long-serving political dignitaries. For Trump, compromise, moderation, and restraint are not ancient virtues, but rather outdated excuses made by a small group in the American nation’s capital. Trump also describes the communities in which his movement thrived as one in a state of permanent decline, such as being trapped in poverty, deprived of knowledge, and robbed of unrealized potential. Trump portrays the crisis of the victims of American carnage as one purposely and deliberately constructed by a ruling class and which disproportionately affects the “righteous public.”