bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest Owners’ and Forestry Stakeholders’ Perceptions
Authors: Haltia Emmi , Eriksson Louise , Koskela Terhi , Rørstad Per Kr. , Wallin Ida , Zhang Jasmine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In Finland, the new Forest Act in 2014 made continuous cover forestry (CCF) a possible forest management option. This triggered research on how forest owners and forestry professionals perceive CCF. In Sweden and Norway, the CCF method has been legal but not encouraged. Research on stakeholder views on CCF has only recently emerged, so only a few studies have been published on the topic.

In Finland, according to surveys, less than 10% of forest owners have converted to CCF in all their forests and around 20–25% in part of their forests. About a fifth of forest owners expressed an interest in testing it.

In the Finnish studies, CCF has been of particular interest to forest owners whose holdings are smaller than average and where they have recreational objectives.

The interest of forest owners clearly increased if they were compensated for converting to CCF.

Forestry companies, as well as their associations in Sweden and Finland, promote CCF as an alternative forest management method, according to statements on their official websites. How well this supportive attitude will materialise in their actions remains an open question.

The current forestry culture, the power of industrial networks, uncertainties concerning economic profitability and ecological outcomes, as well as current forestry education and technical knowledge, are the main barriers for CCF.
Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves in the U(1)B−L extended inert doublet model: a first-order phase transition perspective
Authors: Banerjee Indra Kumar , Dey Ujjal Kumar , Khalil Shaaban 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We conduct an analysis of a U(1)B−L extended inert doublet model and obtained the parameter space allowing strong first order phase transitions. We show that a large part of the parameter space can cause double first-order phase transitions. Whereas both of these phase transitions can generate a detectable stochastic gravitational wave background, one of them can create primordial black holes with appreciable abundance. The primordial black holes generated at the high scale transition can account for the dark matter maintaining the correct relic abundance. We also show specific benchmark cases and their consequences from the aspect of primordial black holes and gravitational waves.
Modular Hamiltonian for Fermions of Small Mass
Authors: Cadamuro Daniela , Fröb Markus B. , Minz Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe consider the algebra of massive fermions restricted to a diamond in two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, and in the Minkowski vacuum state. While the massless modular Hamiltonian is known for this setting, the derivation of the massive one is an open problem. We compute the small-mass corrections to the modular Hamiltonian in a perturbative approach, finding some terms which were previously overlooked. Our approach can in principle be extended to all orders in the mass, even though it becomes computationally challenging.
Geophysical Exploration for Archaeological Ruins North of Senusret I Pyramid, El-Lisht Area, Giza, Egypt
Authors: Hatem Dalia , Kotb Ahmed El , Abdallatif Tareq Fahmy , Mansour Khamis , Saada Saada A. , Al Deep Mohamed , Eldosouky Ahmed M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA pioneer geophysical investigation utilizing magnetic gradiometry, ground-penetrating radar, and electrical resistivity tomography was conducted in the eastern area of Senusret I pyramid, El-Lisht area, Giza, Egypt, to identify all possible archaeological features and/or ancient historical remains. A high-resolution magnetic gradient survey was conducted at two selected areas (A & B) east of the pyramid using the FM256 instrument to measure the vertical magnetic gradient and identify any possible extension of a few traces of the mudbrick features observed at some places of the study area. Subsequently, 60 GPR and 3 ERT lines were conducted in area A to confirm the resulting magnetic anomalies. Further, 14 GPR lines were carried out in area C to investigate any possible near-surface features between areas A and B. The magnetic data in areas A and B revealed several high magnetic anomalies that are very likely indicative of buried mud bricks structures and scattered granitic blocks. GPR data in areas A and C showed numerous hyperbolic features varying in size and amplitude, which have been interpreted as possible limestone structures and/or mud bricks walls. ERT results in area A depicted high resistivities that were interpreted by the magnetic gradiometry data as mud bricks walls. Integrating the findings from magnetic, GPR, and ERT surveys indicates the presence of ruins of a part of an ancient temple, potentially constructed from mud bricks in the 12th Dynasty. The integrated results emphasize the importance of applying more than one geophysical method at the same location to highlight the promising monuments that certainly require further excavation and restoration efforts to develop the area for future tourism programs.
Extracellular vesicles of Janthinobacterium lividum as violacein carriers in melanoma cell treatment
Authors: Kowalska Patrycja , Mierzejewska Jolanta , Skrzeszewska Paulina , Witkowska Aleksandra , Oksejuk Katarzyna , Sitkiewicz Ewa , Krawczyk Mariusz , Świadek Magdalena , Głuchowska Agata , Marlicka Klaudia , Sobiepanek Anna , Milner-Krawczyk Małgorzata 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Violacein is a natural indole-derived purple pigment of microbial origin that has attracted attention for its remarkable biological properties. Due to its poor solubility in aqueous media, most studies of this pigment use extracts of the compound obtained with common solvents. Violacein is also transported in bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) and transferred via this type of carrier remains stable in an aqueous environment. This paper is the first to present an in-depth study of Janthinobacterium lividum EVs as violacein carriers. J. lividum EVs were studied for their contribution to violacein translocation, size, morphology and protein composition. The production of violacein encapsulated in EVs was more efficient than the intracellular production of this compound. The average size of the violacein-containing EVs was 124.07 ± 3.74 nm. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC–MS/MS) revealed 932 proteins common to three independent EVs isolations. The high proportion of proteins with intracellular localisation, which are involved in many fundamental cellular processes, suggests that J. lividum EVs could be generated in a cell lysis model, additionally stimulated by violacein production. Using human keratinocytes and melanoma cell lines, it was confirmed that J. lividum EVs are able to react with and deliver their cargo to mammalian cells. The EVs-delivered violacein was shown to retain its activity against melanoma cells, and the dose and timing of treatment can be selected to target only cancer cells. The characterisation of J. lividum EVs, described in the following paper, represents a milestone for their future potential anticancer application.

Key points
• This report focuses on the investigation of Janthinobacterium lividum EVs as a new delivery vehicle for violacein, a compound with a previously demonstrated broad spectrum of activity.
• EVs were characterised for size, morphology and protein composition.
• Studies on human keratinocytes and a melanoma cell model confirmed that the activity of violacein applied in the encapsulated form of EVs is similar to that of its organic solvent extract, but their production is much more environmentally friendly.
Health literacy in parents of children with Hirschsprung disease: a novel study
Authors: Olsbø Signe , Kiserud Sara George , Hermansen Åsmund , Hamilton Larsen Marie , Bjørnland Kristin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To explore health literacy (HL) among parents of children with Hirschsprung disease (HD).

Methods
Norwegian-speaking parents of children under 16 who underwent HD surgery at a tertiary center were surveyed using the Health Literacy Questionnaire-Parent, electronic Health Literacy Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, and a study-specific questionnaire. Demographics were collected and ethical approval was obtained.

Results
Among 132 parents (77 mothers) of 91 children (median age 8 years), high HL scores appeared in the domains “understanding health information” and “active engagement”, with lower scores in “provider support”, “health information appraisal”, and “social support”. Higher HL correlated with parents aged over 40 and higher education. Lower scores were seen with non-exclusive Norwegian use at home and not living with the child’s other parent. High electronic HL scores were common (mean 3.6, maximum score 5). 69% had high self-efficacy scores (score > 2, maximum score 4). Self-efficacy correlated strongly with higher HL scores.

Conclusion
Parents of children with HD feel healthcare providers lack understanding of their child’s challenges, experience limited social support and struggle with interpreting health information. We suggest targeted HL interventions for young, lower-educated, non-cohabitating parents and those not primarily speaking the official language at home.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of the potential of metal hydride-based range extenders for electric commuter aircraft
Authors: Bahrs Victor J. , Franke Florian , Kazula Stefan , de Graaf Stefanie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUsing alternative fuels such as hydrogen in electrified propulsion systems presents one potential approach for reducing aircraft emissions. The development of a safe hydrogen storage with acceptable energy densities introduces an essential challenge. Metal hydrides enable inherently safe, reliable, and sustainable hydrogen storage. While offering high volumetric storage densities, they achieve only low gravimetric storage densities. These properties make the use of metal hydrides unfavorable for primary hydrogen storage solutions in aviation. Nevertheless, their application may still be beneficial for secondary hydrogen storage devices. This paper analyzes the applicability of hydrides for the range extension of a commuter aircraft to facilitate diversion to an alternate airport. Therefore, various hydride types, such as complex hydrides, hydride slurry, and metal hydrides combined with compressed hydrogen storage, are evaluated and compared with conventional means of storage solutions. This analysis assesses the potential of these different technologies and identifies future research needs. Although the results of the evaluation show that hydride range extenders can be beneficial from the safety point of view, their application as a range extender for the diversion would entail a reduction of the aircraft range or payload.
Picture-Reading in Comics, Prose, and Poetry
Authors: Kim Hannah H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Comics are one of the paradigmatic forms of hybrid media, and coming up with a satisfactory definition for it has been difficult. Cowling, S. & Wesley D. C. (2022) take a functional approach and offer an Intentional Picture-Reading View which defines comics as something that is “aptly intended to be picture-read.” I show that the view is extensionally inadequate as is because formally ambitious prose and concrete poetry, too, are aptly intended to be picture-read. The way forward, I argue, is to look at more medium-specific non-depictive images (such as speech balloons and panels) to set comics apart from other hybrid media.
Parametric study and scaling of a minijet-manipulated supersonic jet
Authors: Tan Changhao , Perumal Arun Kumar , Zhou Yu 
Published: December 2024

This work aims to perform a parametric study on a round supersonic jet with a design Mach number Md = 1.8, which is manipulated using a single steady radial minijet with a view to enhancing its mixing. Four control parameters are examined, i.e. the mass flow rate ratio Cm and diameter ratio d/D of the minijet to main jet, and exit pressure ratio Pe/Pa and fully expanded jet Mach number Mj, where Pe and Pa are the nozzle exit and atmospheric pressures, respectively. Extensive pressure and schlieren flow visualization measurements are conducted on the natural and manipulated jets. The supersonic jet core length Lc/D exhibits a strong dependence on the four control parameters. Careful scaling analysis of experimental data reveals that Lc/D = f1(Cm, d/D, Pe/Pa, Mj) may be reduced to Lc/D = f2(ξ), where f1 and f2 are different functions. The scaling factor

$\xi = J({d_i}/{D_j})/(\gamma M_j^2{P_e}/{P_a})$

is physically the penetration depth of the minijet into the main jet, where

$J({d_i}/{D_j})$

is the square root of the momentum ratio of the minijet to main jet (di and Dj are the fully expanded diameters of d and D, respectively), γ is the specific heat ratio and

$\gamma M_j^2{P_e}/{P_a}$

is the non-dimensional exit pressure ratio. Important physical insight may be gained from this scaling law into the optimal choice of control parameters such as d/D and Pe/Pa for practical applications. It has been found for the first time that the minijet may induce a street of quasi-periodical coherent structures once Cm exceeds a certain level for a given

${P_e}/{P_a}$

. Its predominant dimensionless frequency Ste (≡ feDj/Uj) scales with a factor

$\zeta = J({d_i}/{D_j})\; \sqrt {\gamma M_j^2{P_e}/{P_a}} $

, which is physically the ratio of the minijet momentum thrust to the ambient pressure thrust. The formation mechanism of the street and its role in enhancing jet mixing are also discussed.
Re-Assessing the Experiment / Observation-Divide
Authors: Boge Florian J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article reevaluates the distinction between experiment and observation. It is first argued that to get clear on what role observation plays in the generation of scientific knowledge, we need to distinguish “experiential observation” as a concept closely connected to experience from “observation” in a technical sense and from “field observation” as a concept that reasonably contrasts with “experiment.” It is then argued that observation construed as field observation can enjoy systematic epistemic advantages over experiment, contrary to appearances.
Complex Interaction of Reconnected Field Lines at Earth's Magnetopause Under Sub‐Alfvénic Solar Wind With Northward Magnetic Field
Authors: Hasegawa H. , Denton R. E. , Chen L.‐J. , Hu Q. , Nishino M. N. , Hwang K.‐J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present observations on 24 April 2023 by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft at the dayside, mid‐latitude magnetopause, when an interplanetary magnetic cloud (MC) with sub‐Alfvénic flows and northward and dawnward interplanetary magnetic field components impacted Earth's magnetosphere. The aim is to reveal the processes of solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction under sub‐Alfvénic solar wind with northward magnetic field. Our analysis of electron and ion data suggests that magnetopause reconnection occurred near both polar cusps, forming boundary layers on closed magnetic field lines on both the solar wind (i.e., MC) and magnetospheric sides of the magnetopause. Grad‐Shafranov, electron‐magnetohydrodynamics, and polynomial reconstructions of magnetopause current layers show that local (equator‐of‐the‐cusp) reconnection occurred in a sub‐ion‐scale magnetopause current sheet with a low magnetic shear angle (30°). Interestingly, the local reconnection was observed between the two (MC‐side and magnetosphere‐side) layers of closed field lines. It indicates that reconnected field lines from double cusp reconnection were interacting to induce another reconnection at the mid‐latitude magnetopause. Our results suggest that magnetopause reconnection was more efficient or frequent under sub‐Alfvénic solar wind with much lower beta plasma conditions than typical conditions. We discuss the role of such efficient reconnection in the formation of low‐latitude boundary layers.
Long term efficacy of first-line afatinib and the clinical utility of ctDNA monitoring in patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer who were unsuitable for chemotherapy
Authors: Popat Sanjay , Januszewski Adam , O’Brien Mary , Ahmad Tanya , Lewanski Conrad , Dernedde Ulrike , Jankowska Petra , Mulatero Clive , Shah Riyaz , Hicks Jonathan , Geldart Tom , Cominos Mathilda , Gray Gill , Spicer James , Bell Karen , Roitt Simon , Morris Clive , Ngai Yenting , Hughes Laura , Hackshaw Allan , Wilson William 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Here we present long-term outcomes of first line afatinib in comorbid patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant NSCLC otherwise considered unsuitable for chemotherapy, and the clinical utility of serial ctDNA monitoring.

Methods
TIMELY (NCT01415011) was a multicentre, single arm, phase II trial conducted in the UK. Patients aged ≥18 were treated with daily oral afatinib (40 mg) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Blood samples for ctDNA analysis were obtained at baseline and 12-weekly until treatment discontinuation. The primary endpoint was PFS.

Results
Thirty-nine patients were enrolled between March 2013 and August 2015. Median follow-up was 98 months (range 69-101). Median PFS was 7.9 months (95% CI 4.6-10.5). Seven patients (18%) continued afatinib beyond 18 months, 3 beyond 36 months and 2 were still on treatment at last follow-up 101 months post-treatment initiation. Analysis of baseline ctDNA samples identified 8 EGFR mutant cases that were not identified by tissue genotyping and ctDNA clearance was associated with improved PFS and OS.

Conclusion
Afatinib is a viable treatment option for tissue or ctDNA-detected EGFR mutant NSCLC comorbid patients, with a proportion achieving long-term clinical benefit. Plasma ctDNA testing improved EGFR mutant identification and its clearance predicted improved PFS and OS.
Bidirectional relationship between olfaction and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Kim Jonggeol Jeffrey , Bandres-Ciga Sara , Heilbron Karl ,   23andMe Research Team, Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Babalola Elizabeth , Bell Robert K. , Bielenberg Jessica , Bowes Jonathan , Bryc Katarzyna , Chaudhary Ninad S. , Coker Daniella , Das Sayantan , DelloRusso Emily , Elson Sarah L. , Eriksson Nicholas , Filshtein Teresa , Fontanillas Pierre , Freyman Will , Fuller Zach , German Chris , Granka Julie M. , Hernandez Alejandro , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kukar Katelyn , Kwong Alan , Liang Yanyu , Lin Keng-Han , Llamas Bianca A. , McIntyre Matthew H. , Micheletti Steven J. , Moreno Meghan E. , Nandakumar Priyanka , Nguyen Dominique T. , O’Connell Jared , Petrakovitz Aaron A. , Poznik G. David , Reynoso Alexandra , Saini Shubham , Schumacher Morgan , Selcer Leah , Shastri Anjali J. , Shelton Janie F. , Shi Jingchunzi , Shringarpure Suyash , Su Qiaojuan Jane , Tat Susana A. , Tran Vinh , Tung Joyce Y. , Wang Xin , Wang Wei , Weldon Catherine H. , Wilton Peter , Wong Corinna D. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Noyce Alastair J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHyposmia (decreased smell function) is a common early symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The shared genetic architecture between hyposmia and PD is unknown. We leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) results for self-assessment of ‘ability to smell’ and PD diagnosis to determine shared genetic architecture between the two traits. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression found that the sense of smell negatively correlated at a genome-wide level with PD. Local Analysis of [co]Variant Association (LAVA) found negative correlations in four genetic loci near GBA1, ANAPC4, SNCA, and MAPT, indicating shared genetic liability only within a subset of prominent PD risk genes. Using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence for a strong causal relationship between PD and liability towards poorer sense of smell, but weaker evidence for the reverse direction. This work highlights the heritability of olfactory function and its relationship with PD heritability and provides further insight into the association between PD and hyposmia.
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, der Arganbaum
Authors: Hahn Eliane , Melzig Matthias F. 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDer in Marokko, Algerien, in der Westsahara und in Mauretanien endemische Arganbaum,
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, wird seit Jahrhunderten vielseitig genutzt.
Insbesondere das aus den Früchten des Baumes gepresste Öl enthält neben
Triglyceriden auch Tocopherole und Phytosterole, die es als wertvolles Speiseöl und
für kosmetische Zubereitungen besonders geeignet machen. Neue Untersuchungen zeigen
gesundheitsfördernde Effekte des Öls und der wasserlöslichen Inhaltsstoffe der
Arganfrüchte bei metabolischen Erkrankungen.
Eine Einführung zum Thema Höhen- und Expeditionsmedizin
Authors: Plazikowski Eike Jan , Tannhof Christoph 
Published: December 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGJährlich reisen über 80 000 Menschen in die nepalesische Hochgebirgsregion des Himalaya 1. Bis zu 21 % der Reisenden werden höhenkrank, die Mortalität beträgt 7,7:100 000 2. Von den gesamten Todesfällen unter Höhenreisenden im Himalaya sind 13 % mit Höhenkrankheit assoziiert 3. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt Grundkenntnisse der Höhenphysiologie und der Höhenkrankheit für die Beratung von Reisenden, die sich in kritische Höhen begeben möchten.
Was wissen Sie über... Kinderheilkunde?
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: December 2024

SummarySummary: Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, testen Sie Ihr Wissen und frischen Sie Ihre Kenntnisse auf. Bitte kreuzen Sie jeweils eine Antwort an. Viel Spaß beim Beantworten wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Die Wirksamkeit von pflanzlichen Präparaten bei atopischer Dermatitis
im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Anheyer Melanie , Anheyer Dennis 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziel
Phytotherapie wird zunehmend zur Behandlung dermatologischer Erkrankungen,
insbesondere der atopischen Dermatitis (AD), eingesetzt. Ziel dieser
systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Wirksamkeit topischer und
systemischer pflanzlicher Interventionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit AD zu
bewerten.
Methoden Eine systematische Literaturrecherche in
Medline/PubMed, Scopus und dem Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
(Central) bis zum 12. April 2023 identifizierte randomisierte kontrollierte
Studien (RCTs). Die Übersichtsarbeit folgte den PRISMA-Richtlinien, und die
Qualität der Studien wurde mithilfe des Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools 2.0 sowie
den GRADE-Kriterien bewertet. Eine Metaanalyse wurde unter Verwendung des
Random-Effects-Modells durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 25
RCTs mit 2091 Teilnehmern eingeschlossen. Verschiedene pflanzliche Präparate,
wie Sonnenblumenöl, Feige, Eibisch und Kokosnussöl, zeigten in einzelnen Studien
eine vielversprechende Wirksamkeit. Eine Metaanalyse von 5 RCTs zu systemischem
Nachtkerzenöl zeigte jedoch keinen signifikanten Unterschied im Vergleich zu
Placebo.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass
einige pflanzliche Präparate eine potenzielle Wirksamkeit bei AD aufweisen.
Dennoch sind größere, methodisch robuste Studien notwendig, um klare
Empfehlungen zur Anwendung pflanzlicher Therapien bei AD im Kindes- und
Jugendalter aussprechen zu können.
Reales Leben statt virtueller Kindheit!
Authors: Annunciato Nelson 
Published: December 2024

SummaryÜbermäßiger Umgang mit digitalen Medien in der Kindheit birgt eine Reihe von Risiken für die Gehirnentwicklung und wirkt sich negativ auf die kognitive, sprachliche und soziale Entwicklung aus. Für eine gesunde Lebensgestaltung eignen sich vielfältige Sinneserfahrungen, reale Interaktionen, gesunde Ernährung und anregende Aktivitäten, die logisches Denken, Verantwortung, eine gesunde körperliche Entwicklung, soziale Kompetenzen und Kreativität fördern. Eltern spielen eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Modellierung einer gesunden Technologienutzung und der Minderung der mit dem digitalen Konsum und der Strahlenbelastung verbundenen Risiken.