bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of dominant plant species on trait composition of communities: comparison between the native and invaded ranges
Authors: Hejda Martin , Štajerová Kateřina , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost studies on the impacts of plant invasions focus on species richness or diversity of invaded communities, but much less attention has been paid to structural changes such as the representation of species with different traits. To bridge this knowledge gap, we assess the impact of dominant species on the trait composition of recipient communities (i.e., how species with certain height, seed mass, specific leaf area, clonality, and life form are represented in the vegetation plots sampled). We sampled vegetation that comprised three species native to Eurasia and invasive in North America (i.e., Agrostis capillaris, Bromus tectorum, and Cirsium arvense) and three species native to North America and invasive in Europe (i.e., Aster novi‐belgii, Lupinus polyphyllus, and Solidago canadensis), in both their native and invaded ranges. This study system based on reciprocal inter‐continental invasions allowed us to assess whether the impact on trait composition differed (1) between the native and invaded ranges and (2) between the two continents. The relationships between species’ dominance and trait composition were tested using linear mixed‐effect models and ordination methods. A general trend was that dominant species with an impact on species richness also had an impact on trait composition, especially in North America, where even the native dominants affected the trait composition of the community. Further, the impact of Eurasian dominants in North America was stronger than that associated with the opposite direction of invasion, due to a strong negative effect of Eurasian invaders on local tall clonal perennials. Our results show that (1) the traits of species in the invaded community co‐determine the impact of invasion and are related to the impacts on species richness and composition; (2) the impacts on trait composition differ between the native and invaded ranges; and (3) the direction of invasion affects the impact on trait composition.
Estimating the seasonal energy balance in Asian black bears and associated factors
Authors: Furusaka Shino , Tochigi Kahoko , Yamazaki Koji , Naganuma Tomoko , Inagaki Akino , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnergy balance (i.e., energy intake minus energy expenditure) is an essential factor when evaluating an animal's nutritional state. We aimed to identify periods of the year that are most important for Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in terms of energy balance. We estimated bears’ daily energy balance by estimating energy intake based on the energy content (kcal/g) of major food items, their average ingestion rate (g/min), and daily feeding time (min) and by estimating energy expenditure using an equation for the costs of resting, traveling, and feeding based on behavioral data of 34 bears fitted with GPS collars in central Japan. Because food habits of bears change seasonally, we estimated daily energy balance for each month. And, because bears change their feeding behavior depending on the availability of hard mast, we made separate estimations for years of good and poor mast conditions during autumn. We identified major food items from fecal analysis and calculated the gross energy content per unit for each item. Based on direct observation of bears feeding over 10 yr, we measured ingestion rates of the major food items; Quercus crispula acorns on the tree had the highest ingestion rate, whereas the values of other items did not show notable characteristics. The variability of energy expenditure rose moderately in good mast years, except for males. On the other hand, there was a bimodal pattern of energy intake and energy balance, declining from May to July, rising again from August to October, and declining in November. The peak of energy intake and energy balance was larger in good mast years than in poor mast years only for females, whereas the cumulative energy balance in good mast years was larger than in poor mast years for both sexes. After poor mast years, the cumulative energy balance of males becomes negative in February, during hibernation, and did not exceed zero until August, even if they could start feeding in May. Thus, further longitudinal studies that examine cumulative energy balance, rather than energy balance alone, are necessary to clarify the seasonal change in the nutritional state of Asian black bears.
A method for measuring underground cable constants under electromagnetic induction effects
Authors: Noda Taku , Tadokoro Tomo , Mori Ryota , Nakama Hirofumi , Kaneko Toshiaki , Taira Tasuku 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAt the time of the commissioning of an underground cable transmission line, it is a common practice to perform measurement of its electrical constants. In such measurement performed by a cable manufacturer, the following straightforward method is used for each circuit of the cable line. A three‐phase voltage source is used to apply a balanced three‐phase voltage at the power frequency to one end of the cable circuit with the other end short circuited, and the positive‐sequence impedance is obtained by the measured voltage and current. To obtain the zero‐sequence impedance, a single‐phase voltage at the power frequency is applied to the bonded three phases of one end of the cable circuit, to the ground, with all phases at the other end grounded. If there is no parallel cable circuit in service, this method gives an accurate result. However, if there are one or more parallel cable circuits in service, the cable circuit under measurement gets electromagnetic induction from the magnetic flux generated by the currents on the parallel circuits. This induction generates superimposed currents and, thus, makes the measured result inaccurate. Considering this point, a method to measure a voltage and a current at a frequency different from the power frequency so as to separate the power‐frequency current component generated by the electromagnetic induction and obtain the impedance value at that frequency is proposed in this article. Using impedance values measured at two frequencies different from the power frequency, the power‐frequency impedance value is then obtained by linear approximation. The proposed method is applied to obtain the impedances of a 132‐kV underground cable line, and a reasonable result is obtained.
Rapid Salt‐Assisted Microwave Demulsification of Oil‐Rich Emulsion Obtained by Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Peanut Seeds
Authors: Liu Wei , Xiao Bing , Yang Guolong , Bi Yanlan , Chen Fusheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) is an environmentally friendly edible‐oil‐extraction process that can also provide edible protein. However, the AEE process may form a stable emulsion in most cases, which seriously limits the large‐scale industry applications for producing vegetable oils. In this study, the salt‐assisted microwave radiation demulsification of the oil‐rich emulsion prepared with AEE from peanuts is investigated. The microwave demulsification method is compared with other conventional demulsification methods, including heating, and freezing–thawing. The salt‐assisted microwave demulsification of the emulsions shows a greater free oil yield than conventional heating demulsification. Moreover, the microwave demulsification shows a similar free oil yield in less time than freezing–thawing method. Under the optimal operating conditions of demulsification, the free oil yield can reach 92.3% with CaCl2‐assisted microwave demulsification for only 2 min. In addition, the oxidative properties and the fatty acid compositions of the demulsified peanut oil are investigated. No significant difference in the fatty acid composition is observed among salt‐assisted microwave, freezing–thawing, and heating demulsified oil. The oxidative properties of the salt‐assisted microwave demulsified peanut oil is better than the conventional heating demulsified oil. Thus, salt‐assisted microwave demulsification provides a quick and effective demulsification method to obtain vegetable oils with high quality.Practical Applications: Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) is an environmentally friendly edible‐oil‐extraction process. To solve the problem of stable emulsion formed during AEE process, the salt‐assisted microwave demulsification of the oil‐rich emulsion prepared with AEE is developed with high efficiency (demulsification for 2 min). In addition, the oxidative properties of the microwave demulsified oil is better than the conventional heating demulsified oil.
A 1D High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method Validated to Quantify Phospholipids Including Cardiolipin and Monolysocardiolipin from Biological Samples
Authors: Pinault Michelle , Guimaraes Cyrille , Dumas Jean‐François , Servais Stéphane , Chevalier Stephan , Besson Pierre , Goupille Caroline 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) conditions allowing the separation and quantification of mammalian cellular phospholipids (PLs) (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and especially phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, and monolysocardiolipin, these latter two being specifically located in mitochondria membranes). In order to make this method faster and easier, a 1D HPTLC method is chosen, testing several eluents as well as several staining methods. A pre‐conditioning of HPTLC plates with boric acid and a copper staining reagent followed by carbonization are selected for the quality of PL separation and homogeneity of staining. The selected conditions are discussed and the method validation is performed according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Linearity is effective between 1 and 8 µg and limit of quantification is between 0.5 and 2.3 µg depending on PL classes. Precision measurements show coefficients of variation <6%, and when amounts are close to the detection limit, <12%. Lipid extracts of tumor cell lines or isolated mitochondria are used to assess PL profiles. This shows that the HPTLC method can be used routinely to follow level variations of PLs.Practical Applications: The changes in PL composition play a crucial role in tumor processes and regulate cellular functions modulating cellular signaling or mitochondrial metabolism. The simple and cost‐effective 1D HPTLC method that is developed is applied to lipid extracts of whole tumor cells or hepatocyte‐isolated mitochondria. It is sensitive as well as precise to detect variations of phosphatidic acid or cardiolipin levels linked to physio‐pathological conditions. It can also be used to investigate the composition changes of other membrane PLs. Moreover, with a simultaneous analysis of 14 samples/standards on the same plate (six plates per day), this method is adapted for large series of samples.
An overview on efforts to enhance the Si electrode stability for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yuca Neslihan , Taskin Omer S. , Arici Elif 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis report summarizes the challenges and developments related to the cycle stability of Si anodes. It describes the two‐component material concepts using polymer blends and the approaches to material optimization for more stable Si anodes. Since the anode behavior also depends strongly on the Si particle size (and in polymer mixtures no uniform Si particle size is given), the properties of the Si anodes depending on the Si particle size and the underlying fundamental processes at the solid‐electrolyte interface were described shortly. Bicomponent silicon‐based composites (carbon additives, inorganic nanoparticles and polymers) on the anode behavior were compared by two properties: specific capacity and cycle number of the anodes. This article focuses on Si‐polymer blends where the polymer can act as a binder or/and as a solid‐state electrolyte. To help further the understanding the role of polymer we have gathered together useful data from the literature on solubilities, flexibility and hardness for the polymers generally used. We offer a perspective for polymer hydrogels that will enable a promising material composition for stable Si anodes.
Are disposition effect and skew preference correlated? Evidence from account‐level ELW transactions
Authors: Choi Youngsoo , Kim Woojin , Kwon Eunji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether two well‐known cognitive biases, disposition effect and skew preference, may reflect a common feature of certain investors. On the basis of a unique proprietary dataset that provides the details of all transactions in the Korean equity‐linked warrant (ELW) market between 2009 and 2011, we find that investors who realize gains faster than losses are also more likely to trade out‐of‐the‐money ELWs. Investors who are less (more) subject to both biases exhibit the best (worst) risk‐adjusted trading performance. Our findings suggest that disposition effect and skew preference occur simultaneously, which could adversely affect trading performance.
A modification for the calculation of water depth profiles in oil‐treated skin by in vivo confocal Raman microscopy
Authors: Choe Chunsik , Schleusener Johannes , Choe Sehyok , Lademann Jürgen , Darvin Maxim E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, an extended calculation method for the determination of the water profiles in oil‐treated skin is proposed, which is based on the calculation of the ratio between the Raman band intensities of water (3350‐3550 cm−1) and keratin Amide I at 1650 cm−1. The proposed method is compared with the conventional method based on the ratio of the Raman band intensities of water (3350‐3550 cm−1) and keratin at 2930 cm−1. The conventional method creates artifacts in the depth profiles of the water concentration in oil‐treated skin, showing a lower amount of water in the upper and intermediate layers of the stratum corneum, which is due to the superposition of oil‐ and keratin‐related Raman bands at 2930 cm−1. The proposed extended method shows no artifacts and has the potential to determine the water depth profiles after topical application of formulations on the skin.
Accelerated Cortical Osteolysis of Metatarsals in Charcot Neuroarthropathy: A Cross‐Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Sinacore David R. , Smith Kirk E. , Bohnert Kathryn L. , Gutekunst David J. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , Strube Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMetatarsals are frequent sites of stress and fragility fractures in younger athletic populations and aging older adults. Metatarsal fractures are particularly common in Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Neuropathic metatarsal fractures may be caused by an accelerated cortical bone osteolysis and may be reflected as geometric‐derived strength estimates from standard foot radiographs. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine geometry and strength‐derived estimates of the metatarsals in individuals with DM, PN, and CN compared with younger and older adult controls who were nondiabetic and nonneuropathic. We studied 62 participants: 20 young adult controls (YACs), 22 older adult controls (OACs), and 20 diagnosed with DMPN&CN. From weight‐bearing radiographs, we measured the outer diaphysis diameter and inner marrow diameter at the distal, middle, and proximal diaphysis sites of the second and fifth metatarsal. From these diameters, we derived strength estimates of combined cortical width (CCt.Wi), percent cortical area (%Ct.rA), buckling ratio (BR), moment of inertia (MOI), and section modulus (SM) at each site in both metatarsals. DMPN&CN participants had an accelerated cortical thinning, decreased %Ct.Ar, increased BR, and lower MOI and SM compared with OACs and YACs. The OACs showed age‐related decreases in CCt.Wi and % Ct.Ar, and increased BR. The BR demonstrated significant group × bone × site interaction with the distal fifth metatarsal in the DMPN&CN group having the lowest bone strength. The BR in the distal fifth metatarsal of DMPN&CN participants was 36% and 49% greater than in the OAC and YAC groups, respectively. DMPN&CN participants have lower metatarsal bone strength estimates compared with younger and older adult controls. Standard foot radiographs demonstrate an accelerated cortical osteolysis in DMPN&CN individuals, particularly in the distal fifth metatarsal diaphysis. © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
LncRNA SNHG3 is activated by E2F1 and promotes proliferation and migration of non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells through activating TGF‐β pathway and IL‐6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Shi Jindong , Li Jiannan , Yang Shuang , Hu Xiaoying , Chen Jiajun , Feng Jingjing , Shi Tianyun , He Yanchao , Mei Zhoufang , He Wei , Xie Juan , Li Shanqun , Jie Zhijun , Tu Shuiping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to play pivotal roles in the regulation of human cancers. Although the oncogenic property of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) has been revealed in a variety of cancers, functions and regulatory mechanism of SNHG3 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain to be investigated. In this study, we detected the upregulated expression of SNHG3 in NSCLC tissues as well as cells through quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis. Using Kaplan–Meier analysis, we determined that a high‐level of SNHG3 was associated with a low overall survival rate of patients with NSCLC. Through gain and loss of function experiments, we demonstrated that SNHG3 had a significantly positive effect on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SNHG3 was a predicted direct transcriptional target of E2F1. We observed that the transcriptional activation of SNHG3 could be induced by E2F1. To explore the mechanism, rescue experiments were carried out, which revealed that the cotreatment with SB‐431542, JSI‐124, or JSI‐124 + SB‐431542 rescued the effects brought by the overexpression of SNHG3 on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process. Our results suggested that E2F1 activated SNHG3 and promoted cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC via transforming growth factor‐β pathway and interleukin‐6/janus‐activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, which implied that SNHG3 may be a biomarker for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
Identification of novel LncRNA targeting Smad2/PKCα signal pathway to negatively regulate malignant progression of glioblastoma
Authors: Tang Chuanxi , Wang Yue , Zhang Lei , Wang Jie , Wang Wei , Han Xiao , Mu Chunyan , Gao Dianshuai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly proliferative cancer with generally poor prognosis and accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological behaviors of glioma cells. This study focused on the identification of lncRNAs to identify targets for possible GBM prognosis. Microarray expression profiling found that 1,759 lncRNAs and 3,026 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were upregulated, and 1932s lncRNA and 2,979 mRNAs were downregulated in GBM. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification identified TCONS_00020456 (TCON) for further analysis. In situ hybridization, along with immunohistochemical and receiver operating characteristic analysis determined TCON (truncation value = 3.5) as highly sensitive and specific in GBM. Grade IV patients with glioma life span with different lncRNA staining scores were analyzed. TCON staining scores below 3.5 indicated poor prognosis (life span ranging from 0.25 to 7 months), even if the glioma was surgically removed. TCON decreased significantly in GBM, and showed a coexpressional relationship with Smad2 and protein kinase C α (PKCα). Overexpression of TCON reduced the proliferation on one hand and migration, invasion on the other. TCON also inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and glioma progression in vivo, based on a nude mouse tumorigenicity assay. In addition, we predicted a potential binding site and intersection that microRNAs targeting Smad2, PKCα, and TCON through RACE pretest and bioinformatics analysis. Taken together, TCON, regarded as oncosuppressor, targeting the Smad2/PKCα axis plays a novel role in inhibiting the malignant progression of glioma. Moreover, it also demonstrates that the level of TCON can be used as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for GBM.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 modulates pain sensitivity by suppressing the ROS‐RUNX3 pathway in a rat model of neuropathy
Authors: Li Yinyu , Li Huanli , Han Jinsong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeuropathic pain correlates with a lesion or other dysfunction in the nervous system. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) is expressed in the central nervous system and modulates synaptic plasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S1P2 in neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Sprague‐Dawley rats were allocated into eight groups (n = 15 for each group): sham, CCI, CCI + green fluorescent protein, CCI + S1P2, CCI + Ctrl‐short hairpin RNA (shRNA), CCI + S1P2 shRNA, CCI + S1P2 + CYM‐5442, and CCI + S1P2 shRNA + CYM‐5442. The CCI model was established via sciatic nerve ligation. S1P2 was overexpressed or knocked down by intrathecal injection of adeno‐associated virus‐S1P2 (AAV‐S1P2) or AAV‐S1P2 shRNA. The S1P1 agonist, CYM‐5442 (1 mg/kg), was injected intraperitoneally after surgery. S1P2 expression, pain thresholds, apoptosis signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats were then examined. We found that sciatic nerve injury downregulated S1P2 expression in the spinal cords of rats. S1P2 overexpression enhanced pain thresholds. In contrast, S1P2 knockdown decreased pain thresholds in rats exposed to CCI. CCI and S1P2 silencing increased secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and CCL2, whereas S1P2 overexpression decreased. S1P2 impeded CCI‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and runt‐related transcription factors 3 (RUNX3) downregulation, and S1P2 knockdown had the opposite effect. S1P2 overexpression suppressed Bax and active caspase 3 expression and promoted Bcl‐2 expression, whereas loss of S1P2 reversed their expression. Additionally, S1P1 activation counteracted the effect of S1P2 on pain sensitivity. In conclusion, S1P2 is downregulated in CCI rats and may help modulate neuropathic pain via the ROS/RUNX3 pathway.