bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicomponent analysis of T1 relaxation in bovine articular cartilage at low magnetic fields
Authors: Petrov Oleg V. , Stapf Siegfried 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe multi‐exponential character of T1 relaxation in bovine articular cartilage was investigated at low magnetic fields below 0.5 T. The ultimate aim was to identify a parameter based on the T1 relaxation time distribution as a biomarker to biochemical features of osteoarthritis.MethodsOsteoarthritis conditions were simulated by enzymatic digestion of cartilage with trypsin. Fast‐field cycling NMR relaxometry was carried out in the magnetic field range B0 = 70 μT to 600 mT. The data were analyzed in terms of T1 distributions on a log‐time scale using inverse Laplace transform, whereas integral properties such as mean T1s and distribution widths were obtained without data inversion from logarithmic moment analysis and a stretched‐exponential fit to the data. Attempts were also made to differentiate between water dynamic components through multi‐Lorentzian decomposition of average relaxation‐rate dispersions.ResultsT1 distribution in bovine articular cartilage was found to be bimodal, with the dominating, long component shifting toward larger values following trypsin digestion. The effect is more prominent toward lower magnetic field strength. This shift leads to an overall increase of the distribution width and an equivalently more pronounced deviation from exponential behavior.ConclusionThe logarithmic width of T1 distribution functions at fields of 0.5 T and below, and the stretched‐exponential decay fit exponent β, show a significant trend after trypsin digestion of cartilage. These 2 parameters are suggested as possible biomarkers for osteoarthritis in humans and can be acquired entirely in vivo, with increasing significance for lower magnetic field strengths.
Evaluation of Recreational Hand-Crank Electrofishing on Introduced Catfish Species in Southeastern North Carolina
Authors: Fisk J. Michael , Morgeson Clinton W. , Polera Madison E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introductions of nonnative catfishes have led to population declines in native aquatic species. Populations of nonnative catfishes have been established in the Cape Fear, Black, Lumber, and Waccamaw rivers in southeastern North Carolina for 20–50 years. In response to native fish declines, the removal of nonnative catfishes has been encouraged in specific reaches of these rivers by utilizing recreational hand-crank electrofishing (HCE). This unique recreational gear type has been legal since 1985, but the impact of HCE on catfish species in all rivers where it occurs has not been evaluated. Therefore, our objective was to describe and compare population characteristics of nonnative Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris, Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, and Channel Catfish I. punctatus in river reaches where HCE is allowed (HCE reaches) to those in reaches where HCE is prohibited (non-HCE reaches). Low- and high-frequency electrofishing was utilized to assess population dynamics, age structure, size structure, biomass, and condition of catfish species in HCE and non-HCE reaches of the Cape Fear, Black, Lumber, and Waccamaw rivers during 2015 and 2016. Populations of the three nonnative catfishes collected in HCE reaches exhibited more characteristics indicative of exploitation compared to those in non-HCE reaches. Recreational HCE at current harvest levels appears to have limited impacts on nonnative catfishes, while other factors (e.g., habitat) likely play a larger role in structuring these populations.
Solving bilinear tensor least squares problems and application to Hammerstein identification
Authors: Eldén Lars , Ahmadi‐Asl Salman 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBilinear tensor least squares problems occur in applications such as Hammerstein system identification and social network analysis. A linearly constrained problem of medium size is considered, and nonlinear least squares solvers of Gauss–Newton‐type are applied to numerically solve it. The problem is separable, and the variable projection method can be used. Perturbation theory is presented and used to motivate the choice of constraint. Numerical experiments with Hammerstein models and random tensors are performed, comparing the different methods and showing that a variable projection method performs best.
Outcomes of an RCT of videoconference vs. in‐person or in‐clinic nutrition and exercise in midlife adults with obesity
Authors: Clark D. O. , Keith N. , Weiner M. , Xu H. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveNew communication technologies have shown some promise in lifestyle weight loss interventions but may be most effective when leveraging face‐to‐face communications. The study reported here sought to test whether weight loss programme attendance and outcomes are greater when offered in‐person at community sites or remotely via videoconference vs. in Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). In a three‐arm randomized trial among 150 FQHC adults, intervention delivery in community‐sites or via videoconference was tested against a clinic‐based lifestyle intervention (enhanced usual care [EUC]).MethodsTwice weekly, a nutrition topic was reviewed, and exercise sessions were held in a 20‐week programme delivered either in community settings or via videoconference. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants losing more than 2 kg at 6 (end of treatment) and 12 months in intent‐to‐treat analyses.ResultsMean (SD) age was 53 years, 82% were women, 65% were African–American, 50% reported $18,000 or less household income and 49% tested low in health literacy, and mean (SD) body mass index was 39 kg m−2. The proportion losing more than 2 kg of weight in the community site, videoconference and EUC groups was 33%, 34% and 24%, respectively, at 6 months and 29%, 34% and 29% at 12 months. No differences reached significance. Attendance was poor in all groups; 45% of community site, 58% of videoconference and 16% of EUC participants attended at least one session.ConclusionVideoconference and community‐based delivery were as effective as an FQHC‐based weight loss programme.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia following hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A critical review of the literature
Authors: Neunert C.E. , Despotovic J.M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAutoimmune cytopenias (AIC) post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are rare but exceptionally challenging complication. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and identified a pooled incidence of post‐HSCT autoimmune hemolytic anemia and/or immune thrombocytopenia of 2.66% (SE = 0.27) in pediatric patients. Nonmalignant disease, unrelated donor transplant, peripheral or cord blood stem cell source, conditioning regimen without total body irradiation, and presence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease were prominent risk factors. Treatment was highly variable, and cytopenias were commonly refractory. AIC represent a significant post‐HSCT complication. We report here the incidence, risk factors, and possible biology behind the development of AIC in pediatric post‐HSCT patients.
Fetal myelomeningocele surgery: Only treating the tip of the iceberg
Authors: AlRefai Alyaa , Drake James , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , Connor Kristin L. , Shannon Patrick , Toi Ants , Chitayat David , Blaser Susan , Church Paige T. , Abbasi Nimrah , Ryan Greg , Van Mieghem Tim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveFetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) surgery improves infant outcomes when compared with postnatal surgery. Surgical selection criteria and the option of pregnancy termination, however, limit the number of cases that are eligible for prenatal surgery. We aimed to quantify what proportion of cases could ultimately benefit from fetal therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of fMMC referred to a large tertiary care center over a 10‐year period and assessed their eligibility for fetal surgery, pregnancy termination rates, and actual uptake of the surgery.ResultsOf 158 cases, 67 (42%) were ineligible for fetal surgery based on surgical exclusion criteria. Eleven fetuses (7%) had chromosomal anomalies, 10 of which (91%) had other anomalies on ultrasound. Thirty‐four patients had a combination of maternal and fetal contraindications. Of the remaining 91 eligible cases (58%), 45 (49%) pregnancies were terminated, leaving only 46 (29% of initial 158 cases) as potential candidates for fetal repair. Actual uptake of fetal surgery was 15% (n = 14 of 91), but this increased after a national program was started.ConclusionOnly a minority of fMMC cases will ultimately undergo fetal surgery. These numbers support the centralization of care in expert centers.
Prenatal diagnosis of antenatal midgut volvulus: Specific ultrasound features
Authors: Bartholmot Caroline , Faure Jean‐Michel , Grosjean Frederic , Couture Alain , Forgues Dominique , Fuchs Florent , Prodhomme Olivier 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess specific, direct, and indirect prenatal ultrasound features in cases of fetal midgut volvulus.MethodsRetrospective case series of neonatal volvulus, based on postnatal and prenatal imaging findings that occurred from 2006–2017. Prenatal and postnatal signs including the specific “whirlpool sign” were computed. Postnatal volvulus was confirmed by pathology examination after surgery or neonatal autopsy.ResultsThirteen cases of midgut volvulus were identified. Though not a specific sign, a decrease in active fetal movements was reported in eight patients (61.5%). The prenatal whirlpool sign was directly seen in 10 cases, while an indirect but suggestive sign, a fluid‐filled level within the dilated loops, was present in five cases. No intestinal malrotation was observed. Pregnancy outcomes were two terminations of pregnancy, both associated with cystic fibrosis, one early neonatal death, three prenatal spontaneous regressions, and seven favorable outcomes after neonatal surgery with resection of midgut atresia.ConclusionsIdentification of the whirlpool sign or of a fluid‐filled level within the dilated loops improves the accuracy of ultrasound findings for suspected volvulus. In the absence of total volvulus (in cases of intestinal malrotation) or association with cystic fibrosis, the prognosis appears good.
Assessment of within‐breath impulse oscillometry parameters in children with asthma
Authors: Sol In Suk , Kim Yoon Hee , Kim SooYeon , Kim Jong Deok , Choi Sun Ha , Kim Kyung Won , Sohn Myung Hyun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundImpulse oscillometry (IOS) measures respiratory resistance and reactance during tidal breaths and is a convenient tool for evaluation of lung function. Respiratory resistance and reactance can be measured separately during inspiration and expiration (inspiratory‐expiratory analysis).ObjectiveWe investigated the differences in inspiratory‐expiratory measurements obtained using IOS between children with and without asthma.MethodsWe analyzed 819 subjects aged 4‐18 years, including asthmatic children (n = 600) and controls (n = 219). Asthma was diagnosed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guideline. Spirometry and IOS were performed in all subjects.ResultsIn whole‐breath analysis, the asthma group had higher resistance at 5 Hz (R5) and reactance area (AX) and lower reactance at 5 Hz (X5) than the control groups. In inspiratory‐expiratory analysis, the asthma group showed increased expiratory R5 and AX and decreased expiratory X5 when compared with the control group. The absolute changes in R5, X5, and AX values between inspiration and expiration were greater in children with asthma than those in controls (0.138 ± 0.195 vs 0.102 ± 0.162, P = 0.014; −0.106 ± 0.200 vs −0.086 ± 0.434, P < 0.001 and 0.460 ± 11.63 vs 0.398 ± 2.88, P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsInspiratory‐expiratory IOS analysis differentiated asthmatic children from control subjects, reflecting airway narrowing on expiration in pediatric asthma. The changes in R5, X5, and AX between inspiration and expiration can be a useful index for diagnosis of asthma in children without assessment of the response to a bronchodilator.
Evolution of physiotherapy scholarship: A comparative bibliometric analysis of two decades of English published work
Authors: Benton Andrew D. , Benton David C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo undertake a bibliometric analysis of the physiotherapy literature at two points in time to identify similarities, differences, and the evolution of scholarship over a 40‐year time‐frame.MethodTo undertake a quantitative comparative analysis of the published and indexed scholarship literature contained within Scopus relating to physiotherapy over two 10‐year time windows—1978–1987 and 2008–2017. The method used, bibliometrics, is capable of identifying the nature of scholarship, the key actors, and how the focus and methods used to conduct studies have changed. A specialized bibliographic analysis and visualization tool VosViewer (University of Leiden) was used to analyse the extracted results.ResultsThere has been a more than 10‐fold increase in the number of papers published across the two time‐frames (3,384 from the 1978 to 1987 period and 38,434 from 2008 to 2017). The focus of publication has moved from a medical disease orientated approach to one more specifically looking at physiotherapy interventions aimed at addressing functional ability. In addition, a more diverse range of research approaches are being used as well as efforts to synthesize findings across multiple studies using systematic reviews and meta‐analytical techniques. Authors now come from a much wider range of countries than they did 40 years ago, and they are more likely to be part of a large international collaborative research teams.ConclusionsThis unique and comprehensive analysis of physiotherapy scholarship across two different timeframes has provided important insights into the evolution of the profession, its changing focus and methodological approaches as well as the dramatic increase in activity, growth in research teams and diversity of country origins. For anyone entering the profession at this time, it provides a perspective on the pace of change they are likely to experience in their career ahead.
Efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) extract on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial
Authors: Asadi Akbar , Shidfar Farzad , Safari Mostafa , Hosseini Agha Fatemeh , Fallah Huseini Hasan , Heidari Iraj , Rajab Asadollah 
Published: December 2018

Melissa officinalis is a plenteous source of antioxidant flavonols and flavonoids that contain health‐promoting and antidiabetic properties, so this study was undertaken to provide the first assessment of the antidiabetic properties of hydroalcoholic extract of M. officinalis in type 2 diabetic patients. We did a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial which included 62 patients, receiving either M. officinalis capsules (700 mg/d; n = 31) or the placebo (n = 31) twice daily for 12 weeks. There were significant differences in serum FBS (P = 0.007), HbA1c (P = 0.002), β‐cell activity (P = 0.05), TG (P = 0.04), HDL‐c (P = 0.05), hs‐CRP (P = 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.04) between the two groups at the end of the study; but total cholesterol, LDL‐c, insulin, and HOMA‐IR showed no significant changes between the groups. In M. officinalis group, there was a significant change in HDL‐c (P = 0.009) and QUICKI (P = 0.005) compared with baseline values. No adverse effects were observed. It seems that M. officinalis is safe and effective in improvement of lipid profile, glycemic control, and reduction of inflammation.
New insights in conceptual DFT: New model for the calculation of local reactivity indices based on the Sanderson's principle
Authors: Sánchez‐Márquez Jesús , García Víctor , Zorrilla David , Fernández Manuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the present study, a new model mainly based on the Sanderson's principle for estimating important reactivity descriptors, such as the local hardness and the local electrophilicity, is introduced. New approximations and corrections were taken into account, which led to a significantly different development, obtaining more realistic results than the previous ones used. The Fukui condensed‐to‐atom indices:f−andf+have been used in this model, but their role is clearly described in the development, reducing therefore, the ambiguity of previous developments where the indices could be arbitrarily used. It is important to underline that the proposed model isrelatively simple, but leads to qualitatively correct results. It also makes it possible to interpret the hard‐soft acid base principle in local terms, as can be seen in the sample set of reactions (Diels‐Alder type) selected as an example in the present study, and which provides very coherent results with the expected experimental reactivity.
Formation of aqua and tetraammine Cu(II) complexes inside the cavities of cucurbit[6,8]urils: A DFT forecast
Authors: Masliy Alexey N. , Grishaeva Tatiana N. , Kuznetsov Andrey M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractResults of DFT calculations of the structure and thermodynamics of formation of aqua and tetraammine Cu(II) complexes inside CB[n] (n = 6,8) are presented in this study. Formation thermodynamics of the complexes in the cavitands was evaluated by taking into account the most probable number of water molecules inside CB[n]. In this methodology, the complexation was first considered as a substitution reaction in which the guest complex displaces partially or completely the water molecules that are located inside the cavity. The water molecules present in the cavitand were shown to play an important role in the fixation of the guest complex inside the cavity due to the hydrogen bonds with the oxygen portals. The hydration of Cu(II) ion inside CB[6] leads to the formation of an inclusion compound with the formula {[Cu(H2O)4]2+·2H2O}@CB[6] while in CB[8] {[Cu(H2O)6]2+·4H2O}@CB[8] is formed. For the binding of tetraammine Cu(II) complex, CB[8] was determined to be a significantly more suitable “container” than CB[6]. Both a direct embedding of this complex into the CB[8] and another mechanism in which ammonia molecules replace the water molecules in the Cu(II) aqua complex, preexisting in CB[8] were determined to be thermodynamically possible. Both these lead to the formation of the resultant inclusion compound described by the formula {[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+·4H2O}@CB[8].
A Comprehensive Analysis of Protocols for Deriving Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Marton Rebecca M. , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The potential applications of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells has led to immense interest in developing new protocols to differentiate specific cell types or modifying existing protocols. To investigate to what extent and why new protocols for the same cell types are developed and adopted, we systematically evaluated 158 publications (2004-2017) that differentiated human stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. We categorized each article by degree of novelty and recorded motivations for protocol development. 74 novel or modified protocols were developed. Most (65%) were not used again in subsequent studies. Diverse motivations were recorded and performance of new methods was assessed with substantially different approaches across studies. There was improvement over time in yield of neuron production, but not in yield of dopaminergic neurons or time required for getting neurons. Standardized reporting of performance metrics may help rational choice of the best methods. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:366–374
Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Properties and In Silico Evaluation of C(4) N‐Heteroaryl 4H‐Chromenes
Authors: Prakash Rao H. Surya , Adigopula Lakshmi Narayana , Ramalingam Gunasundari , Lone Javeed Ahmed , Ramadas Krishna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe C(4) N‐heteroaryl 2‐amino‐3‐nitro‐4H‐chromenes are podophyllotoxin (POD) mimics as they possess the pharmacophore features of the anticancer natural product. We have achieved a facile synthesis of several such 4H‐chromenes by substitution of C(4) SMe in N‐alkyl 4‐(methylthio)‐3‐nitro‐4H‐chromen‐2‐amines with heteroaromatic amines like 2‐aminopyridines and 2‐aminopyrimidines. Resulting 4H‐chromenes were evaluated for anticancer activity against prostate and lung cancer cell lines. Two of the 4H‐chromenes showed significant anti‐cancer activity, even better than POD. Both of them were non‐toxic towards normal cell‐lines. In silico ADMET studies revealed drug‐likeliness of all the 4H‐chromenes. Molecular docking studies with αβ tubulin concurred with in vivo results and revealed that the 4H‐chromenes bind to the active site of POD. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the complexes of αβ tubulin with the two best 4H‐chromenes revealed high stability. Overall, our studies revealed that the two 4H‐chromenes could act as lead compounds for further development of potent anticancer drugs.
High Performance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitized Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Cai Minghan , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecently, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have aroused huge attention in both academia and industry. Compared with fluorescent and phosphorescent materials, TADF materials can theoretically capture 100 % excitons without incorporating noble metals, making them effective emitters and hosts for OLEDs simultaneously. Here, in this review, our recent works on mechanisms and materials of high performance TADF‐sensitized phosphorescent (TSP) OLEDs, TADF‐sensitized fluorescent (TSF) OLEDs and TADF‐sensitized TADF (TST) OLEDs are summarized. Finally, we propose the outlook for the further development and application of TADF‐sensitized OLEDs.
Role of Ceria in the Design of Composite Materials for Elemental Mercury Removal
Authors: Jampaiah Deshetti , Chalkidis Anastasios , Sabri Ylias M. , Bhargava Suresh K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe necessity to drastically act against mercury pollution has been emphatically addressed by the United Nations. Coal‐fired power plants contribute a great deal to the anthropogenic emissions; therefore, numerous sorbents/catalysts have been developed to remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from flue gases. Among them, ceria (CeO2) has attracted significant interest, due to its reversible Ce3+/Ce4+ redox pair, surface‐bound defects and acid‐base properties. The removal efficiency of Hg0 vapor depends among others, on the flue gas composition and temperature. CeO2 can be incorporated into known materials in such a way that the abatement process can be effective at different operating conditions. Hence, the scope of this account is to discuss the role of CeO2 as a promoter, active phase and support in the design of composite Hg0 sorbents/catalysts. The elucidation of each of these roles would allow the integration of CeO2 advantageous characteristics to such degree, that tailor‐made environmental solution to complex issues can be provided within a broader application scope. Besides, it would offer invaluable input to theoretical calculations that could enable the materials screening and engineering at a low cost and with high accuracy.