bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory what-if analysis of some debated canister failure modes in the review of a licence application for the construction and operation of a spent nuclear fuel repository in Sweden
Authors: Strömberg Bo , Sonnerfelt Lena , Öberg Henrik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Regulatory review of the licence application for construction and
operation of a spent fuel repository at the Forsmark site in Sweden involves
detailed assessment of both expected and hypothetical failure modes of the
copper canister. The copper canister, which is supported by the bentonite
buffer and the surrounding crystalline rock in the KBS-3 concept, is
expected to provide complete containment of radioactive elements for very
long timescales. Detailed assessment shows that there is a small probability
on such timescales of canister failure due to corrosion following loss of
buffer as well as mechanical failure due to large earthquakes. During the
regulatory review process, it was proposed that canisters might also fail
due to: (i) corrosion in anoxic oxygen gas free water, (ii) pitting corrosion,
(iii) stress corrosion cracking, (iv) creep brittle failure, (v) hydrogen
embrittlement. We here provisionally accept a number of alternative
assumptions related to these processes as a basis for what-if analysis of
their implications. The focus is not to determine the merit or to estimate
probability of these cases, but rather to explore their potential
significance in the context of the available knowledge about the repository
environment. Simplified estimates are made of the consequences in terms of
number and timing of canister failures as well as radiological impact. It is
judged that poor creep ductility of copper would have larger potential
consequences compared to localised corrosion phenomena. Potential corrosion
failures are expected to be associated with the small fraction of deposition
holes that are most extensively exposed to corrodants.
The impact of the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence on the earthquake engineering profession in New Zealand
Authors: Brunsdon Dave , Hare John , Stannard Mike , Berryman Kelvin , Beattie Graeme , Traylen Nick 
Published: August 2019

Professional engineers have provided a range of inputs into the responses to the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence and the recovery process that has followed. This earthquake sequence has been unique in many respects, including the intensity of shaking produced in the Christchurch CBD by each of the major aftershocks in February, June and December 2011. For engineers, the heavy workload has been continuous from the response to the original 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake, and will extend for several years to come.
There have been many post-earthquake challenges for seismologists and geotechnical and structural engineers, commencing with urban search and rescue responses and rapid building evaluations, and extending through the more detailed assessments and repair specifications during the recovery phase. Engineers are required to interface with owners, regulatory authorities and insurers, and face many challenges in meeting the objectives of these different sectors, which are rarely aligned.
Adding to the technical demands has been the requirement for many scientists and engineers to provide input into the Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission of Inquiry and other investigations. The Royal Commission was set up to investigate the failure of buildings that led to the loss of 185 lives in the 22 February 2011 aftershock, and has placed close scrutiny on many aspects of engineering activities, particularly those undertaken following the 4 September 2010 earthquake. The prominent public reporting of the Royal Commission hearings has placed additional pressure on many engineers, including those who volunteered their services following the original earthquake into a role for which they had received only limited prior training. Interpreting and communicating ‘safety’ in relation to the re-occupancy (or continued occupancy) of commercial buildings continues to be a challenge in the face of liability concerns.
A more comprehensive understanding of the technical and process guidance required by engineers and authorities has resulted from the work undertaken in response to this earthquake sequence. Much of this guidance has now been produced, and will be of considerable benefit for future major earthquake events.
This paper reflects on the range of work undertaken by scientists and engineers during the response and recovery stages. The scope and implications of the various official inquiries are summarised, and the potential impacts on engineers involved in the response to and recovery from future major earthquakes are briefly discussed.
Horizontal Versus Vertical Coopetition: The Tunisian Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Zgarni Asma 
Published: August 2019

By opting for coopetition strategy, some companies prefer the horizontal one while others opt for the vertical. Furthermore, some coopetitions are rather aggressive, while others are rather cooperative. Nevertheless, the reasons for using one or the other of these strategies remain still ambiguous.
This article aims to explain the reasons, both internal and external, for the use of each type of coopetition and its nature. By adopting a quantitative hypothetico-deductive approach, and through a sample of Tunisian industrial companies, this study confirms that the need for strategic capabilities holds the strongest weight that the competitive intensity in the explanation of the coopetition type and its nature.
A rose by any other name: het Hof van Justitie stelt grenzen aan controles binnen het Schengengebied
Authors: Rijpma J.J. 
Published: August 2019

A rose by any other name: het Hof van Justitie stelt grenzen aan controles binnen het Schengengebied
In Touring Tours oordeelt het Hof van Justitie dat de verplichting tot het controleren van de verblijfsstatus van internationale buspassagiers binnen het Schengengebied geschaard kan worden onder het begrip (politie)controles binnen het Schengengebied. Hoewel deze in principe zijn toegestaan onder de Schengengrenscode, hebben de controles in casu een effect dat gelijk is aan controles aan de binnengrenzen en zijn daarom in strijd met het Unierecht. Dit artikel plaatst vraagtekens bij de keuze van het Hof van Justitie om de controles aan te merken als politiecontroles en plaatst het arrest in de bredere context van de spanning tussen mobiliteit en veiligheid in de nasleep van de vluchtelingencrisis.HvJ 13 december 2018, gevoegde zaken C-412/17 en C-474/17, Touring Tours en Sociedad de Transportes, ECLI:EU:C:2018:1005.
Een gelijk speelveld in de online platformeconomie?
Authors: Felderhof L.E. , Rozenbroek M.P.C. 
Published: August 2019

Een gelijk speelveld in de online platformeconomie?
De Verordening ter bevordering van billijkheid en transparantie voor zakelijke gebruikers van onlinetussenhandelsdiensten heeft het doel te zorgen voor een eerlijke, transparante en voorspelbare bedrijfsomgeving voor ondernemers (met name het midden- en kleinbedrijf) die online platforms gebruiken om hun goederen en/of diensten aan te bieden aan consumenten.In dit artikel bespreken wij dat het wenselijk is dat door middel van deze verordening ex ante regels worden gesteld aan aanbieders van online platforms, met name omdat het huidige mededingingsinstrumentarium in de veranderende (digitale) economie niet altijd toereikend blijkt. Ook plaatsen wij enkele kanttekeningen bij de uitvoerbaarheid en het effect van de verordening in de praktijk, welke aspecten volgens ons niet voldoende geadresseerd zijn in de verordening.Verordening (EU) 2019/1150 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 20 juni 2019 ter bevordering van billijkheid en transparantie voor zakelijke gebruikers van onlinetussenhandelsdiensten, PbEU 2019, L 186.
Elucidation of False Detection of Pesticides During Residue Analysis in Indian Tobacco by Multidimensional GC-MS
Authors: Ghosh Rakesh Kumar , Khan Zareen S , Banerjee Kaushik , Reddy D Damodar , Johnson Nalli , Ray Deb Prasad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: False detection of pesticides in agricultural produce may raise serious questions regarding both consumer safety and trade. High levels of delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (δ-HCH; 11.7–22.3 mg/kg) were detected in some tobacco samples in a retention time–based GC analysis. Hence, the selection of an appropriate analytical method is an uncompromisable necessity. Objectives: This research work aimed to elucidate false detection of pesticides along with identification of coeluting tobacco matrix compounds to understand the dynamics of false detection with an increase in the number of analyzed pesticides and to screen suitable analytical methods. Methods: Initially, retention time–based GC analysis was performed for monitoring of 10 pesticide residues in tobacco leaf matrix, followed by GC-MS/selected-ion monitoring (SIM) analysis. Then, the total number of pesticides to be analyzed was increased to 47, and residue analysis was performed by involving GC-MS/SIM and multidimensional (MD) GC-MS. Results: A false-positive detection of δ-HCH due to a coeluting tobacco aroma compound, neophytadiene, during residue analysis of 10 pesticides in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf was observed. This problem was resolved by employing the unique quantifier and qualifier ions in SIM mode. However, with 47 pesticides, neophytadiene completely masked the signal of δ-HCH, which resulted in an impure spectrum of δ-HCH (&lt;30% similarity match) even after application of selective quantifier and qualifier ions. Finally, MDGC-MS analysis could resolve it by chromatographic separation of the said analyte from the coeluting matrix compound. Conclusions: The findings of this work offer the potential to minimize false reporting of target pesticides to comply with consumer safety and trade standards. Highlights: The study identifies various tobacco matrix compounds coeluting with pesticides during multiresidue analysis. Neophytadiene, a tobacco aroma compound, resulted in false-positive detection of δ-HCH. The MDGC-MS could be effectively used as a confirmatory analysis tool for reliable detection of pesticide residue in tobacco leaf matrix.
A 20-Year Evaluation of LOINC in the United States' Largest Integrated Health System
Authors: Bhargava Ankur , Kim Tae , Quine Douglas B. , Hauser Ronald George 
Published: August 2019

Context.—
Clinical laboratories are obligated to implement Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC), an informatics standard used to uniquely identify laboratory tests. The historical progress of laboratories in achieving this goal is unknown.

Objective.—
To evaluate the implementation of LOINC by clinical laboratories with attention to LOINC's adoption, diversity, and correctness over time.

Design.—
We aggregated data from 130 facilities within the Veterans Health Administration (VA), an early adopter of LOINC, during a 20-year period (1999–2018). To assess the adoption of LOINC, we calculated the annual proportion of tests and results without a LOINC. To assess the diversity of LOINC, we counted the yearly number of distinct LOINCs in active use. To assess the correctness of LOINC over time, we compared the assigned LOINCs to a manually reviewed gold standard for each year.

Results.—
We reviewed a total of 586 000 tests and 9.162 billion results. LOINC adoption, measured as a proportion of both tests and results, improved over time (P &lt; .001). In the final year reviewed, 85% (172 142 of 202 125) of laboratory tests and 99% (547 229 066 of 551 205 087) of results had LOINCs. The number of distinct LOINCs in active use from 1999 to 2018 increased 2.78-fold from 4502 to 12 503 (P &lt; .001). Correctness generally improved but varied considerably by test and across time.

Conclusions.—
The adoption of LOINC has improved during the past 2 decades. More diverse LOINCs were associated with increased adoption and were a challenge to keep up-to-date. The correctness of LOINCs has improved but remains an issue that likely necessitates supplemental review for most applications.
A comparison formula for residue currents
Authors: Lärkäng Richard 
Published: August 2019

Given two ideals $\mathcal {I}$ and $\mathcal {J}$ of holomorphic functions such that $\mathcal {I} \subseteq \mathcal {J}$, we describe a comparison formula relating the Andersson-Wulcan currents of $\mathcal {I}$ and $\mathcal {J}$. More generally, this comparison formula holds for residue currents associated to two generically exact Hermitian complexes together with a morphism between the complexes.
One application of the comparison formula is a generalization of the transformation law for Coleff-Herrera products to Andersson-Wulcan currents of Cohen-Macaulay ideals. We also use it to give an analytic proof by means of residue currents of theorems of Hickel, Vasconcelos and Wiebe related to the Jacobian ideal of a holomorphic mapping.
A Critical Appraisal of Ancient Agricultural Genesis in China Emphasis on Rice, Millet and Mixed Farming: An Archaeobotanical Endeavor
Authors: Sameer Muhammad Azam 
Published: August 2019

China has been noted as one of the three sovereign hubs of the origin of ancient agriculture. Specifically, millets like foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and rice (Oryza sativa), were and are imperative crops for the ancient as well as present Chinese people. In this regard, rice and millets are valuable crops in the history of China. It is also a fact that rice and millets belong to the important river such as Yellow River (North China) and Yangtze River (South China) which are the ancient centers of Chinese civilization as well. It is also unanimously accepted that rice and millets were domesticated at the same time within a solitary expanse in China but in different regions. The available archaeobotanical record also suggests the emergence and development of the mixed farming of millets and rice in different regions in China during the Neolithic age. This paper illustrates the archaeobotanical perspectives and retrospectives of the important crops such as foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, and rice. With this, the imperative archaeological sites, ancient agricultural activities, agricultural philosophy, crop dispersal, and further archaeobotanical scenarios since Pre-historic age in China are also the chief themes of this manuscript.
Perception, Awareness and Treatment Experiences about Onchocerciasis in a Rural Community in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Control
Authors: Ejemot-Nwadiaro Regina , Ugobo Emmanuel , Nwachuku Nuria , Edadi Ukam , Okolie Elvis , Ofili Divine-Favour , Nja Glory 
Published: August 2019

Background: Onchocerciasis a disease of poverty continues to place huge health, economic and social burden on communities at risk. Understanding critical factors that impact on access to treatment, acceptance and overall control measures are pivotal to the march towards its elimination.
Objective: To assess Onchocerciasis perception and treatment experiences in a rural community in Cross River State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study using mixed method was undertaken. Data were collected using pretested questionnaire and in-depth interview guide. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS while the in-depth interviews were audio taped, transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis done. Findings were presented in frequencies, charts, percentages, tables and quotes. Tests of significance were determined using Chi-square (ꭕ2) at significance level of 5%.
Results: Ignorance, myths and negative perception about the cause of Onchocerciasisas pervade in 64 (31.2%) of the respondents that did not know that the bite of infected Blackfly is the cause. Some attributed the disease to curse from the gods (45.3%) and witchcraft (23.4%). This poor knowledge is associated with lower highest attained level of education (p =0.01). Non-availability of drugs (23.9%) and lack of knowledge on where to access ivermectin (9.8%) were the major challenges to ivermectin uptake. Inequity in treatment access was identified from the thematic analysis.
Conclusion: Poor knowledge of the cause of the disease, non-availability of ivermectin and misconceptions about cause of onchocerciasis had negative influence on health- seeking behaviors, discriminatory practices and treatment coverage. By integrating contextual knowledge awareness creation about Onchocerciasis into the design of control strategies will facilitate the vantage march towards achieving elimination target.
Salivary Megaliths: A Literature Review of Giant Salivary Sialoliths Larger than 30 mm
Authors: Tabatabaee Rosa Mostafavi , Tabatabaee Reza Mostafavi , Sanatkhani Majid 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: Sialoliths are the most common salivary gland disease, Among them, there are rare sialoliths that have a size of more than 15 mm in one dimension, and salivary stones larger than 30 mm in one dimension is megalith that are very rare. Depending on the location and size of the stone, there are different diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In this article, we review the articles about salivary megaliths of unusual and gigantic size, the cause of stones formation and the method of diagnosis and treatment of salivary megaliths.
In this review article finding the number of reported salivary megaliths, causes, mechanism of stone formation, clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic methods were written.
Materials and Methods: In this article review, Information was extracted through searches in databases by entering the keywords. Articles with incomplete data or articles that were less relevant to the topic or reported articles with giant stones smaller than 30 mm were excluded.
Results: A total of 77 articles, 85 patients suffering from megaliths and 86 salivary megaliths with a size of 30 mm and upwards have been reported up to now. The largest size is reported to be 83 mm. Megalith is more common in men and in the submandibular duct.
Conclusion: salivary megaliths are rare and Depend on the location of megaliths various diagnosis and treatment are available. The exact cause of the formation of them is unknown and further research is needed to identify the etiopathogenesis of the formation of these kind of gigantic salivary stones.
Establishment of diagnostic reference levels in cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Rawashdeh Mohammad , Saade Charbel , Zaitoun Maha , Abdelrahman Mostafa , Brennan Patrick , Alewaidat Haytham , McEntee Mark F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for cardiac computed tomography (CCT) in Jordan. Volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) were collected from 228 CCTs performed at seven Jordanian hospitals specialized in cardiac CT. DRLs for cardiac CT were defined at the 75th percentile of CTDIvol and DLP. CTDIvol and DLP were collected from 30 successive cardiac CT in each center except for one center (18 scans). The 75th percentile of the CTDIvol and the DLP of the centers calculated from mixed retrospective and prospective gated modes were 47.74 milligray (mGy) and 1035 mGy/cm, respectively. This study demonstrated wide dose variations among the surveyed hospitals for cardiac CT scans; there was a 5.1‐fold difference between the highest and lowest median DLP with a range of 223.2–1146.7 mGy/cm. Differences were associated with variations in the mAs and kVp. This study confirmed large variability in CTDIvol and DLP for cardiac CT scans; variation was associated with acquisition protocols and highlights the need for dose optimization. DRLs are proposed for CCT; there remains substantial potential for optimization of cardiac CT examinations for adults in Jordan.
Silicon‐Based Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Biomolecules: A Progress Report
Authors: Iakab Stefania Alexandra , Rafols Pere , García‐Altares María , Yanes Oscar , Correig Xavier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) is widely used in the biomedical field for the label‐free analysis of molecules such as drugs, lipids, peptides, proteins, and biological tissues for molecular imaging. However, organic matrices used in traditional MALDI‐MS applications introduce excessive interferences in the low m/z range. For this reason, nanostructured materials—and in particular silicon‐based LDI strategies—have become a promising alternative, since they provide a much weaker background. Herein, the recent developments in fabrication, functionalization, and practical applications of silicon‐based LDI‐MS methods are reviewed. Also the basic requirements of silicon‐based substrates for optimal LDI analysis by providing an overview of the LDI mechanisms that use silicon‐based substrates instead of organic matrices are reported. Finally, the considerable potential of silicon‐based substrates is discussed, giving suggestions for topics for future research.
Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticle‐Spiked Pillar Arrays for Plasmonic Biosensing
Authors: Park Sung‐Gyu , Xiao Xiaofei , Min Jouha , Mun ChaeWon , Jung Ho Sang , Giannini Vincenzo , Weissleder Ralph , Maier Stefan A. , Im Hyungsoon , Kim Dong‐Ho 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlasmonic biosensors have demonstrated superior performance in detecting various biomolecules with high sensitivity through simple assays. Scaled‐up, reproducible chip production with a high density of hotspots in a large area has been technically challenging, limiting the commercialization and clinical translation of these biosensors. A new fabrication method for 3D plasmonic nanostructures with a high density, large volume of hotspots and therefore inherently improved detection capabilities is developed. Specifically, Au nanoparticle‐spiked Au nanopillar arrays are prepared by utilizing enhanced surface diffusion of adsorbed Au atoms on a slippery Au nanopillar arrays through a simple vacuum process. This process enables the direct formation of a high density of spherical Au nanoparticles on the 1 nm‐thick dielectric coated Au nanopillar arrays without high‐temperature annealing, which results in multiple plasmonic coupling, and thereby large effective volume of hotspots in 3D spaces. The plasmonic nanostructures show signal enhancements over 8.3 × 108‐fold for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy and over 2.7 × 102‐fold for plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence. The 3D plasmonic chip is used to detect avian influenza‐associated antibodies at 100 times higher sensitivity compared with unstructured Au substrates for plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence detection. Such a simple and scalable fabrication of highly sensitive 3D plasmonic nanostructures provides new opportunities to broaden plasmon‐enhanced sensing applications.
Tunable Single and Double γ‐C−H Arylation of Phenylacetamides Directed by o‐Aminophenols
Authors: Tu Zhi , Du Yi , Cao Xiaoji , Liu Yunyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cheap and easily available o‐aminophenols (OAPs) have been identified as practical directing component for the Pd‐catalyzed aromatic γ‐C−H bond arylation of phenylacetamides. Notably, the selective single and double arylation of the C−H bond(s) in the γ‐potion has been independently realized by simply modifying reaction conditions. The catalytic system of Pd(CF3OO)2/K2S2O8/K2CO3 enables the selective single C−H arylation. On the other hand, the catalysis of Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of KIO3/K2CO3 induces the selective arylation of both γ‐C−H bonds.magnified image