bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrrolic‐Type Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Macro/Mesoporous Carbon as a Bifunctional Host for High‐Performance Thick Cathodes for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Han Pauline , Chung Sheng‐Heng , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are highly considered as a next‐generation energy storage device due to their high theoretical energy density. For practical viability, reasonable active‐material loading of >4.0 mg cm−2 must be employed, at a cost to the intrinsic instability of sulfur cathodes. The incursion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) at higher sulfur loadings results in low active material utilization and poor cell cycling capability. The use of high‐surface‐area hierarchical macro/mesoporous inverse opal (IOP) carbons to investigate the effects of pore volume and surface area on the electrochemical stability of high‐loading, high‐thickness cathodes for Li‐S batteries is presented here. The IOP carbons are additionally doped with pyrrolic‐type nitrogen groups (N‐IOP) to act as a polar polysulfide mediator and enhance the active‐material reutilization. With a high sulfur loading of 6.0 mg cm−2, the Li‐S cells assembled with IOP and N‐IOP carbons are able to attain a high specific capacity of, respectively, 1242 and 1162 mA h g−1. The N‐IOP enables the Li‐S cells to demonstrate good electrochemical performance over 300 cycles.
Boundary layer transition modeling on leading edge inflatable kite airfoils
Authors: Folkersma Mikko , Schmehl Roland , Viré Axelle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present a computational fluid dynamic analysis of boundary layer transition on leading edge inflatable kite airfoils used for airborne wind energy generation. Because of the operation in pumping cycles, the airfoil is generally subject to a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The analysis is based on the combination of the shear stress transport turbulence model with thetransition model, which can handle the laminar boundary layer and its transition to turbulence. The implementation of both models in OpenFOAM is described. We show a validation of the method for a sailwing (ie, a wing with a membrane) airfoil and an application to a leading edge inflatable kite airfoil. For the sailwing airfoil, the results computed with transition model agree well with the existing low Reynolds number experiment over the whole range of angles of attack. For the leading edge inflatable kite airfoil, the transition modeling has both favorable and unfavorable effects on the aerodynamics. On the one hand, the aerodynamics suffer from the laminar separation. But, on the other hand, the laminar boundary layer thickens slower than the turbulent counterpart, which, in combination with transition, delays the separation. The results also indicate that the aerodynamics of the kite airfoil could be improved by delaying the boundary layer transition during the traction phase and tripping the transition in the retraction phase.
Expression of recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein provides insight into foreign gene‐expression differences between Mut+ and MutS strains of Pichia pastoris
Authors: Theron Chrispian W. , Berrios Julio , Steels Sébastien , Telek Samuel , Lecler Renaud , Rodriguez Christian , Fickers Patrick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPichia pastoris is a very popular yeast for recombinant protein production, mainly due to the strong, methanol‐inducible PAOX1 promoter. Methanol induction however poses several drawbacks. One approach to improve processes is to use MutS strains with reduced methanol catabolic ability. Various reports claim that MutS allows higher recombinant protein production levels than Mut+ but scarcely elaborate on reasons for differences. In this study, enhanced green fluorescent protein was used as a PAOX1‐driven reporter for the investigation of expression differences between Mut+ and MutS strains. Mut+ exhibited higher responses to methanol, with faster growth (0.07 vs. 0.01 hr−1) and higher consumption of methanol (2.25 vs. 1.81 mmol/gDCW.hr) and oxygen (2.2 vs. 0.66 mmol/gDCW.hr) than MutS. Mut+ yielded more biomass than MutS (2.3 vs. 1.3 gDCW/L), and carbon dioxide analysis of bioreactor off‐gas suggested that considerable amounts of methanol were consumed by Mut+ via the dissimilatory pathway. In contrast, it was demonstrated that the MutS population switched to an induced state more rapidly than Mut+. In addition, MutS exhibited 3.4‐fold higher fluorescence levels per cell (77,509 vs. 23,783 SFU) indicative of higher recombinant protein production. The findings were verified by similar results obtained during the expression of a lipase. Based on the differences in response to methanol versus recombinant protein production, it was proposed that higher energy availability occurs in MutS for recombinant protein synthesis, contrary to Mut+ that uses the energy to maintain high levels of methanol catabolic pathways and biomass production.
Factors associated with scientific misconduct and questionable research practices in health professions education
Authors: Maggio Lauren , Dong Ting Dong , Driessen Erik , Artino Jr. Anthony 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Engaging in scientific misconduct and questionable research practices (QRPs) is a noted problem across fields, including health professions education (HPE). To mitigate these practices, other disciplines have enacted strategies based on researcher characteristics and practice factors. Thus, to inform HPE, this study seeks to determine which researcher characteristics and practice factors, if any, might explain the frequency of irresponsible research practices.
Method In 2017, a cross-sectional survey of HPE researchers was conducted. The survey included 66 items adapted from three published surveys: two published QRP surveys and a publication pressure scale. The outcome variable was a self-reported misconduct score, which is a weighted mean score for each respondent on all misconduct and QRP items. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, reliability and correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression modelling.
Results and Discussion In total, 590 researchers completed the survey. Results from the final regression model indicated that researcher age had a negative association with the misconduct score (b = -0.01, β = -0.22, t = -2.91, p <0.05), suggesting that older researchers tended to report less misconduct. On the other hand, those with more publications had higher misconduct scores (b = 0.001, β = 0.17, t = 3.27, p < 0.05) and, compared with researchers in the region of North America, researchers in Asia tended to have higher misconduct scores (b = 0.21, β = 0.12, t = 2.84, p < 0.01).
“Negotiating the Border”: Zimbabwean Migrant Mothers and Shifting Immigration Policy and Law in South Africa
Authors: Thebe Vusilizwe , Maombera Pamela 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:Based on an extended study of Zimbabwean women migrants in the Gauteng Province of South Africa, this article focuses on these women both as mothers and as labor migrants, seeking to understand their migration intentions in relation to changing policy and law in South Africa. It also focuses on their responses to the changes in policy as they seek to renegotiate the border. The strategies adopted by the women in negotiating the border not only demonstrate their agency, but are also intricately linked to their migration intentions. Their responses are critical to our understanding of contemporary migration in the region.
3332 Overexpression of CD44 is involved in the development of the early endometriotic lesion in a xenograft model
Authors: Knudtson Jennifer , McLaughlin Jessica , Santos Marlen Tellez , Tekmal Rajeshwar R , Schenken Robert 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Previously, we showed decreased development of endometriotic lesions in CD44 knockout mice compared to control.(1) CD44 has 10 different variants and a standard form. Menstrual endometrial cells (MECs) from women with endometriosis have increased adhesion and also express higher levels of CD44 variant 6 (v6) than v3, compared to MECs from women without endometriosis. (2) Here, we assessed the effects of CD44 standard (CD44s), CD44v3 and CD44v6 overexpression (OE) on immortalized human endometrial epithelial (iEECs) and stroma cells (hESCs) in vivo attachment in a nude mouse xenograft model. 1. Knudtson JF, Tekmal RR, Santos MT, et al. Impaired Development of Early Endometriotic Lesions in CD44 Knockout Mice. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.). 2016;23(1):87-91. 2. Griffith JS, Liu YG, Tekmal RR, Binkley PA, Holden AE, Schenken RS. Menstrual endometrial cells from women with endometriosis demonstrate increased adherence to peritoneal cells and increased expression of CD44 splice variants. Fertility and sterility. 2010;93(6):1745-1749. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Overexpression of CD44s, CD44v3 and CD44v6 was carried out using lipofectamine and their expression verified with qRT-PCR in iEEC and hESCs. Nude mice, 8-10 week old, were injected with estrogen 1 week prior to injection of iEECs and hESCs (n=7 per group). The cells were counted after transfection and at least 300,000 iEECs and 300,000 hESCs were injected per mouse. The transfected cells were tagged with cell tracker red (iEECs) and green (hESCs). Forty-eight hours after injection into the xenograft, the mice were sacrificed. The cells were counted using fluorescent stereo microscopy (FSM). Percent attachment was calculated based on the number of cells visualized by FSM divided by the number of transfected cells injected. Unpaired student t-test was performed to analyze differences in the percent attachment of the cells. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The majority of cells were attached to the peritoneum. There was increased attachment of hESCs with OE of CD44v6 compared to control (p=0.03). CD44v6 OE did not change attachment of iEECs. There was no difference in attachment in iEECs or hESCs with OE of CD44s or CD44v3. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Overexpression of CD44v6 increases attachment of ESCs to PMCs in an in vivo xenograft model. Menstrual endometrial cell type and CD44 variants play a complex role in the development of the early endometriotic lesion.
Is the conquest of Hepatitis C imminent?
Authors: Rivett Lucy , Alexander Graeme 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus represents a global pathogen of human health significance. In the space of less than three decades, we have witnessed the discovery of the virus, a growing understanding of the structure and biology of the viral-encoded proteins and their interaction with the host cell and the sequencing of the viral genome. Most importantly, we have moved from early therapeutic strategies aimed at crude boosting of host anti-viral immunity, limited by side effects and with poor response rates, to therapies that directly exploit our understanding of viral biology. In this review, we discuss the significance of the virus, its’ discovery and outline the advances in the molecular characterisation of the virus, before setting these within the context of contemporary and emerging therapeutic strategies as well as viral resistance mechanisms.
The Path to Sweet Success: Free and Unfree Labor in the Building of Roads and Rails in Havana, Cuba, 1790–1835
Authors: Jennings Evelyn P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHavana's status as a colonial port shaped both its infrastructure needs and the patterns of labor recruitment and coercion used to build it. The port city's initial economic and political orientation was maritime, with capital and labor invested largely in defense and shipbuilding. By the nineteenth century, Cuba had become a plantation colony based on African enslavement, exporting increasing quantities of sugar to Europe and North America. Because the island was relatively underpopulated, workers for infrastructure projects and plantations had to be imported through global circuits of coerced labor, such as the transatlantic slave trade, the transportation of prisoners, and, in the 1800s, indentured workers from Europe, Mexico, or Asia. Cuban elites and colonial officials in charge of transportation projects experimented with different mixes of workers, who labored on the roads and railways under various degrees of coercion, but always within the socio-economic and cultural framework of a society based on the enslavement of people considered racially distinct. Thus, the indenture of white workers became a crucial supplement to other forms of labor coercion in the building of rail lines in the 1830s, but Cuban elites determined that these workers’ whiteness was too great a risk to the racial hierarchy of the Cuban labor market and therefore sought more racially distinct contract workers after 1840.
Understanding Policy Scandals in Historical Context: A Longer-Term Lens for Policy Analysis
Authors: BROWN PATRICK , FLORES RUBÉN , ALASZEWSKI ANDY 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe emergence of and reaction to policy scandals has been usefully studied through comparative case studies. Far less attention has been devoted, however, to the study of such scandals in long-term historical context. With the aim of illuminating longer-term social processes which shape the likelihood that (health)care scandals emerge, we delineate three areas where such changes are visible: a) changing formats of social relations and emotions within and around care provision, and thereby understandings of and demands for compassionate care; b) heightened organisational and political sensitivity to failings; and c) changes in media reporting on healthcare failings, as well as in policy-makers’ responsiveness to and manipulation of media. We consider the 2013 Mid Staffordshire scandal in the English National Health Service and the extant policy literature on this scandal to help illuminate the added analytical value of our long-term approach. In the final section we explore the interconnection of the three processes and how longer-term approaches open up new vistas for policy analysis.
Local and Statistical Maps of Lightning‐Generated Wave Power Density Estimated at the Van Allen Probes Footprints From the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network Database
Authors: Ripoll J.‐F. , Farges T. , Lay E. H. , Cunningham G. S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a new method that uses the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) to estimate both the local and the drift lightning power density at the Van Allen Probes footprints during 4.3 years (~2 × 108 strokes.). The ratio of the drift power density to the local power density defines a time‐resolved WWLLN‐based model of lightning‐generated wave (LGW) power density ratio, RWWLLN. RWWLLNis computed every ~34 s. This ratio multiplied by the time‐resolved LGW intensity measured by the Probes allows direct computation of pitch angle diffusion coefficients used in radiation belt codes. Statistical analysis shows the median power density ratio is
over the Americas. Elsewhere,
in general. Over oceans,
is larger than ~10.
varies with season,
~ 2.5 from winter to summer. The yearly‐median
decays as
. The strong geographical and temporal variation should be kept in assessing effects in space. RWWLLN > 1 suggests significant LGW effects in the inner belt.
Decadal Variations of the Mindanao Current During 1960–2010
Authors: Duan Jing , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan , Chen Zhaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResults from an eddy‐resolving ocean model simulation, an ocean reanalysis data, and reduced‐gravity ocean (RGO) model simulations reach consensus in suggesting prominent decadal fluctuations of the Mindanao Current (MC) during 1960–2010. The MC was evidently enhanced during 1974–1982 and 2002–2008 and weakened during 1983–1990 and 1994–2001, with typical amplitude of ~2.0 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3/s) for decadal volume transport anomaly. These variations are closely associated with the strength of the westward flowing North Equatorial Current at 130°E and not evidently related with its bifurcation latitude. Experiments using a 1.5‐layer RGO model are performed to understand the mechanisms. Decadal variations of the MC are primarily caused by off‐equatorial wind changes in the tropical North Pacific, and winds in the latitude range of the MC (3–13°N) play the dominant role. Equatorial winds between 3°S and 3°N generally act to attenuate the MC variability, and subtropical winds have little contribution. For zonal distribution, local wind forcing between 120 and 160°E explains 67.8% of the MC decadal variability, while those in the central and eastern Pacific have weaker effects (25.0% and 7.2%, respectively). RGO model runs forced by nine wind data sets confirm the tight relationship between the MC and the western Pacific winds since the 1980s. The anomalous westerly winds under El Niño‐like condition drive upwelling in the Philippine Sea through off‐equatorial Ekman pumping that strengthens the MC. The relationship prior to 1980 is sensitive to the choice of wind data set, with four data sets yielding low or negative correlations.
Long-term seasonal and interannual variability of marine aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacteria
Authors: Auladell Adrià , Sánchez Pablo , Sánchez Olga , Gasol Josep M , Ferrera Isabel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We studied the long-term temporal dynamics of the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria, a relevant functional group in the coastal marine microbial food web, using high-throughput sequencing of the pufM gene coupled with multivariate, time series and co-occurrence analyses at the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (NW Mediterranean). Additionally, using metagenomics, we tested whether the used primers captured accurately the seasonality of the most relevant AAP groups. Phylogroup K (Gammaproteobacteria) was the greatest contributor to community structure over all seasons, with phylogroups E and G (Alphaproteobacteria) being prevalent in spring. Diversity indices showed a clear seasonal trend, with maximum values in winter, which was inverse to that of AAP abundance. Multivariate analyses revealed sample clustering by season, with a relevant proportion of the variance explained by day length, temperature, salinity, phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, chlorophyll a, and silicate concentration. Time series analysis showed robust rhythmic patterns of co-occurrence, but distinct seasonal behaviors within the same phylogroup, and even within different amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) conforming the same operational taxonomic unit (OTU). Altogether, our results picture the AAP assemblage as highly seasonal and recurrent but containing ecotypes showing distinctive temporal niche partitioning, rather than being a cohesive functional group.
Optimizing genome editing strategy by primer-extension-mediated sequencing
Authors: Yin Jianhang , Liu Mengzhu , Liu Yang , Wu Jinchun , Gan Tingting , Zhang Weiwei , Li Yinghui , Zhou Yaxuan , Hu Jiazhi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEfficient and precise genome editing is essential for clinical applications and generating animal models, which requires engineered nucleases with high editing ability while low off-target activity. Here we present a high-throughput sequencing method, primer-extension-mediated sequencing (PEM-seq), to comprehensively assess both editing ability and specificity of engineered nucleases. We showed CRISPR/Cas9-generated breaks could lead to chromosomal translocations and large deletions by PEM-seq. We also found that Cas9 nickase possessed lower off-target activity while with some loss of target cleavage ability. However, high-fidelity Cas9 variants, including both eCas9 and the new FeCas9, could significantly reduce the Cas9 off-target activity with no obvious editing retardation. Moreover, we found AcrIIA4 inhibitor could greatly reduce the activities of Cas9, but off-target loci were not so effectively suppressed as the on-target sites. Therefore, PEM-seq fully evaluating engineered nucleases could help choose better genome editing strategy at given loci than other methods detecting only off-target activity.
Perioperative Administration of an Intravenous Beta-Blocker Landiolol Hydrochloride in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Japanese Retrospective Exploratory Clinical Study
Authors: Sakamoto Atsuhiro , Yagi Kaori , Okamura Tatsuaki , Harada Tomohiro , Usuda Jitsuo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBeta-blockers have been reported to improve prognosis for various cancers, but the usefulness of perioperative administration remains unclear. To assess the efficacy of perioperative administration of landiolol hydrochloride, an intravenous beta-blocker, for lung cancer, we conducted a single-center, retrospective study. This study included patients who participated in a research conducted by Nippon Medical School Hospital from August 2012 to November 2013. The main selection criteria were males and females younger than 85 years old who have undergone anatomic lung resection for lung malignancies. Fifty-seven patients, 28 in the landiolol group and 29 in the control group, were included. The postoperative relapse-free survival rate at 2 years was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78–1.01) in the landiolol group and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.60–0.91) in the control group (Chi-squared test; P = 0.1828). The relapse-free survival rate tended to be higher in the landiolol group than in the control. Hazard ratio for relapse-free survival in the landiolol group compared to the control was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.13–1.34), demonstrating that relapse free survival was prolonged in the landiolol group (log-rank test; P = 0.1294). It was suggested that relapse-free survival was prolonged when landiolol hydrochloride was administered from the induction to completion of anesthesia. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Sport und Bewegung mit und nach Krebs – wer profitiert, was ist gesichert?
Authors: Steindorf Karen , Schmidt Martina , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose „Krebs“ und die anschließende medizinische Therapie verleiten viele Patienten dazu ihre körperlichen Aktivitäten einzuschränken. Doch gerade Sport und bewegungstherapeutische Programme sind effektive supportive Maßnahmen im Kampf gegen den Krebs und manche Nebenwirkungen. Zudem haben die Betroffenen eine einzigartige Chance, selbst aktiv an ihrem Genesungsprozess mitzuarbeiten. Was zu berücksichtigen ist, zeigt dieser Beitrag.
Mit digitaler Technik punkten
Authors: Dahmen Ulla 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung2014 startete das Neusser Lukaskrankenhaus mit der digitalen „Visite 2.0“:
Datenabruf und Dateneingabe sind nun via iPad am Patientenbett
möglich. Doch 2016 schleusen Cyberkrimelle eine Malware in das Netzwerk der
Klinik ein. Alle IT-Systeme wurden daraufhin sofort heruntergefahren. Das bot
auch die Chance zum Neustart.
Preparation and Evaluation of pH Sensitive Novel Anticancer Drug Carrier Based on Magnetic Chitosan Quartets
Authors: Danafar Hossein , Asadi Farnaz , Sharafi Ali , Manjili Hamidreza Kheiri 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles are an appropriate drug delivery method which can improve the therapeutic properties of chemotherapy agents and also can be useful as MRI contrast agent for early cancer diagnosis. This research discovers the optimization of the possible therapeutic effects of Chitosan- citric acid- Fe3O4- CUR quartets. Chitosan as a natural polymer can use to encapsulate citric acid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The successful preparation of CUR-loaded nano-carriers was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Moreover, the hemolysis test was used for the study of hemobiocompatibility. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of CUR molecules were 11±0.09% and 49.5±0.41%, respectively. The anticancer effect of the void of CUR and CUR-loaded nano-carriers were compared by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the treated MCF-7 cell lines. It can be concluded that the use of these nanoparticles are a better and more efficient approach for the controlled and slow release of CUR in the cancer treatment.