bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cephalometric Norms in an Omani Adult Population of Arab Descent
Authors: Govinakovi Prashantha S. , Al-Busaidi Ibrahim , Senguttuvan Viswapurna 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to establish cephalometric norms for an Omani population of Arab descent and to compare these with established cephalometric values for Caucasians. Methods: This cross-sectional studywas conducted at the Military Dental Centre and Oman Dental College in Muscat, Oman, between May 2014 and October 2016. A total of 150 Omani patients between 20–29 years old seeking orthodontic treatment were included. All participants had a symmetrical face, class I molar and canine relationships, proper intercuspation, a normal overjet/overbite (<3 mm) and mild spacing/crowding of the teeth (≤3 mm). Lateral cephalography was performed in centric occlusion with the lips relaxed and the head in a natural position. Cephalometric measurements were then compared with Eastman Standard norms. Results: The Omani subjects were found to have a slightly retrusive maxilla, an increased angle between the maxillary and mandibular planes and shorter facial heights in comparison to the Eastman Standard norms. Furthermore, incisor relations were edge-to-edge in nature and the interincisal angle was reduced, suggesting that the Omani subjects had more proclined incisors. In addition, the lips were more protrusive and the nasolabial angle was more obtuse. Conclusion: In the Omani sample, increased proclination of the incisors was observed in comparison to Eastman Standard norms. As such, slightly more proclined incisors should be considered acceptable and natural among Omani patients of Arab descent. The cephalometric findings of this study may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic problems among Omanis of Arab descent.Keywords: Cephalometry, standards; Population Characteristics; Ethnic Groups; Arabs; Orthodontics; Oman.
Characteristics of Critically-Ill Patients at Two Tertiary Care Hospitals in Sudan
Authors: Sulieman Hagir , El-Mahdi Wael , Awadelkareem Mohannad , Nazer Lama 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Knowledge of intensive care unit (ICU) admission patterns and characteristics is necessary for the development of critical care services, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of critically-ill patients admitted to ICUs in Sudan. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between February and May 2017 in the ICUs of two government tertiary care hospitals inKhartoum, Sudan. A total of 100 consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICUs were included in the study. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores upon admission were recorded, as well as the reason for admission, presence of any underlying comorbidities, interventional requirements like mechanical ventilation or haemodialysis, length of stay in the ICU and patient outcome. Results: Of the sample, 58% were female and 42% were male. The mean age was 47.4 ± 18.3 years old. Upon admission, the mean APACHE II score was 14.2 ± 9.6. In total, 54% of the patients had no known underlying comorbidities. The most common reasons for ICU admission were neurological diseases (27%), sepsis or infectious diseases (19%) and postoperative management (12%). Mechanical ventilation and haemodialysis were required by 35% and 11% of the patients, respectively. The average length of stay was 10.0 ± 7.2 days and the mortality rate was 24%. Conclusion: Most of the patients admitted to the ICUs were middle-aged females with no known underlying comorbidities. Larger studies are necessary to provide a comprehensive understanding of the critical care needs of Sudanese hospitals.Keywords: Intensive Care Units; Patient Admission, trends; Critical Care Outcomes; Developing Countries; Sudan.
Perceptions of Plagiarism Among Medical and Nursing Students in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Ismail Kameran H. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The rapidly rising incidence of plagiarism among students at universities throughout the world requires attention. This study aimed to determine the extent to which medical and nursing students in Erbil, Iraq,plagiarise, their knowledge, understanding and perceptions of plagiarism and the underlying factors that may lead them to plagiarise. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between January and June 2017 among a sample of 400 undergraduate medical and nursing students at Hawler Medical University in Erbil. Plagiarism-related data were collected through a specially designed self-administered questionnaire. Results: In total, 280 (70%) medical students and 120 (30%) nursing students were included in the study. The reported prevalence of plagiarism was 54.3%, with a slightly higher prevalence among male students compared to female students (54.9% versus 53.8%; P = 0.820) and medical students compared to nursing students (58.9% versus 43.3%; (P = 0.004). Alarmingly, 34.8% of the students did not know what plagiarism was, and only 28% were aware of the legal consequences of plagiarism. Reported reasons for plagiarising included laziness and the ease with which others’ work could be plagiarised, confusion, cultural reasons and pressure to meet deadlines. Conclusion: There was a lack of understanding of plagiarism and its legal ramifications among undergraduate medical and nursing students in Erbil. The findings of this study indicate that there is an urgent need to increase students’ understanding of plagiarism and its consequences so as to reduce the incidence of this type of academic misconduct.Keywords: Undergraduate Medical Education; Plagiarism; Medical Students; Nursing Students; Perceptions; Iraq.
“Different Strokes”: A management dilemma
Authors: Gujjar Arunodaya R. , El-Tigani Mortada , Lal Darshan , Kakaria Anupam K. , Al-Asmi Abdullah R. 
Published: September 2018

Stroke is a common medical emergency resulting from numerous pathophysiological mechanisms and with varied clinical manifestations; as such, the diagnosis of stroke requires diligent clinical assessment. When different stroke syndromes occur in the same patient, it may cause a dilemma in terms of diagnosis and management. This continuing medical education article describes an interesting patient with recurrent neurological events, highlighting the complex pathophysiological processes associated with cerebrovascular syndromes. It offers readers the opportunity to apply their own basic neuroscience knowledge and clinical skills to solve the challenges encountered during the course of diagnosing and treating this patient. Specifically, the article aims to familiarise readers with an approach to diagnosing brainstem strokes and the diverse manifestations of a common stroke syndrome.Keywords: Stroke; Lacunar Stroke; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Small Vessel Disease; Continuing Medical Education.
Nasopharyngeal Salivary Gland Anlage Tumour: A rare cause of neonatal respiratory distress
Authors: Al-Sheibani Salma M. , Sawardekar Kiran P. , Habib Salwa J. , Al-Kindi Hunaina M. 
Published: September 2018

A salivary gland anlage tumour (SGAT) is a very rare type of benign tumour that usually presents in early infancy with respiratory distress which is exacerbated upon feeding. We report a full-term male neonate who was referred to the Al Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2015 with severe neonatal respiratory distress due to a nasopharyngeal obstruction immediately after birth. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-circumscribed mass in the nasopharynx, without intracranial extension. Histopathological analysis of the lesion confirmed a diagnosis of SGAT. Following excision of the tumour, the postoperative period was uneventful. No recurrence was observed over the next two years. This case report highlights the importance of the early recognition of this extremely rare and potentially life-threatening, yet easily curable, condition.Keywords: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Case Report; Oman.
Inflammatory Reactions to Red Tattoo Inks: Three cases highlighting an emerging problem
Authors: Ruiz-Villaverde Ricardo , Fernandez-Crehuet Pablo , Aguayo-Carreras Paula , Hernandez-Centeno Jose L. , Cuenca-Barrales Carlos 
Published: September 2018

In recent years, tattoos have become more commonplace. However, this can result in various inflammatory processes, the management of which can be challenging in daily clinical practice. Tattoo-related inflammatory reactions can comprise different patterns, including acute and immediate reactions, foreign body granulomas, sarcoid granulomas, isomorphic lesions, allergic contact dermatitis and photosensitivity. We report three cases who were referred to the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain, in 2017 with various skin reactions in the red-ink areas of their tattoos. Screening was performed for infectious diseases like atypical mycobacterial infections and systemic processes such as sarcoidosis. A good therapeutic response was achieved in all cases. An adequate differential diagnosis is essential for the therapeutic management of this emerging health problem.Keywords: Non-Therapeutic Body Modification; Tattooing, adverse effects; Inks; Foreign Body Reaction; Inflammation; Case Report; Spain.
Point-of-Care Airway Ultrasonography Prior to an Emergency Cricothyroidotomy: Case report
Authors: Iqhbal Mohamad , Noor Julina M. , Karim Nur A. , Ismail Izzat , Sanib Halim , Mokhtar Mohd A. , Salim Safreeda S. F. 
Published: September 2018

The use of ultrasonography in acute and critical care medicine is becoming increasingly common. However, use of an airway ultrasound as an adjunct to determine the type of intervention needed and assess complications is not common practice. We report a 56-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department of the Sungai Buloh Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia, in 2015 with hoarseness, stridor and impending respiratory failure. A point-of-care ultrasound performed to assess the neck and vocal cords indicated a heterogeneous echogenic mass in the larynx, thus ruling out a cricothyroidotomy. The patient was therefore referred for an emergency tracheostomy. This case highlights the importance of point-of-care airway ultrasonography in the assessment of patients with stridor. This imaging technique not only helps to detect the cause of the stridor, but also to determine the feasibility of a cricothyroidotomy in emergency cases.Keywords: Emergency Medicine; Stridor; Ultrasonography; Airway Management; Tracheostomy; Case Report; Malaysia.
Rituximab Treatment in Myasthaenia Gravis: Report of two paediatric cases
Authors: Koul Roshan , Al-Futaisi Amna , Abdelrahim Rana , Mani Renjith , Abdwani Reem , Al-Asmi Abdullah 
Published: September 2018

Myasthaenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease involving the postsynaptic receptors in the neuromuscular junction. The condition is characterised by fatigable weakness of the skeletal muscles and is uncommon in children. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and immune-modifying medications are usually considered the mainstay of treatment. However, these medications have to be given on a lifelong basis so that patients remain in remission; furthermore, drug-related side-effects can have a major impact on quality of life. We report two paediatric cases who were treated for MG at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Rituximab was eventually administered to each patient after their condition failed to improve despite several years of standard treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and immune-modifying medications. Overall, rituximab resulted in complete remission in one case and significant clinical improvement in the other case.Keywords: Myasthenia Gravis; Rituximab; Children; Cholinergic Receptors; Case Report; Oman.
Recurrent Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans with Pigmentation and Myoid Differentiation
Authors: Yadav Surekha , Verma Nidhi , Khurana Nita , Neogi Sushant 
Published: September 2018

Dermatofibrosarcomas protuberans (DFSP) are rare low-grade tumours with various subtypes and usually occur among middle-aged adults. However, myoid differentiation is very rare. We report a 44-year-old woman who presented to the Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital, New Delhi, India, in 2017 with a recurrent pigmented DFSP presenting as an arm swelling. Upon histological and immunohistochemical analysis, myoid differentiation was confirmed. A literature review of the clinical and histopathological features of this rare entity is presented.Keywords: Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans; Melanocytes; Pigmentation; Cell Differentiation; Case Report; India.
Pulmonary Glue Embolism: An unusual complication following endoscopic sclerotherapy for gastric varices
Authors: Michael Philips G. , Antoniades Georgios , Staicu Anca , Seedat Shahid 
Published: September 2018

A pulmonary glue embolism is an unusual but potentially life-threatening complication following the treatment of variceal bleeding, especially in patients with large varices requiring large volumes of sclerosant. Other contributory factors include the rate of injection and ratio of the constituent components of the sclerosant (i.e. n-butylcyanoacrylate and lipiodol). This condition may be associated with a delayed onset of respiratory compromise. Therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicion is essential in patients with unexplained cardiorespiratory decline during or following endoscopic sclerotherapy. We report a 65-year-old man who was admitted to the Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK, in 2017 with haematemesis and melaena. He subsequently developed acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to a glue embolism following emergency sclerotherapy for bleeding gastric varices. The aetiology of the embolism was likely a combination of the large size of the gastric varices and the large volume of cyanoacrylate needed. After an endoscopy, the patient underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting twice to control the bleeding, after which he recovered satisfactorily.Keywords: Gastric Varices; Pulmonary Embolism; Sclerotherapy; N-butyl-cyanoacrylate; Lipiodol; Case Report; United Kingdom.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia with Worsening Pleural Effusion Despite Treatment with Appropriate Antimicrobials: Case report
Authors: Hassan Kowthar S. , Al-Khadouri Ghalib 
Published: September 2018

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. As M. pneumoniae pneumonia is usually a mild and self-limiting disease, complications such as pleural effusion occur only rarely. We report a 22-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Medicine Department of the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2017 with an eight-day history of fever associated with coughing, chills and rigors. She was diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia, but subsequently developed pleural effusion which worsened despite treatment with appropriate antimicrobials. The pleural effusion required drainage, which revealed that it was of the more severe exudative type. Following drainage, the patient improved dramatically. She was discharged and advised to continue taking antibiotics.Keywords: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Bacterial Pneumonia; Pleural Effusion; Antimicrobial Agents; Drainage; Case Report; Oman.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Üniversite Yaşamına Uyum ile Benlik Ayrımlaşması Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MERT Abdullah , ÇETİNER Pınar 
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde üniversite yaşamına uyum düzeyi ile benlik ayrımlaşma düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinin çeşitli bölümlerinde öğrenim gören ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden %68 kadın (189 kız öğrenci) ve %32 erkek (87 erkek Öğrenci) olmak üzere toplam 276 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışma, ilişkisel tarama yöntemine göre yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, katılımcıların benlik ayrımlaşma düzeyini belirlemek için “Benliğin Ayrımlaşması Ölçeği (BAÖ)” ve Üniversite yaşamına uyum düzeyini belirlemek için “Üniversite Yaşamına Uyum Ölçeği” (ÜYUÖ) kullanılmıştır. Analizler SPSS 23.0 paket programı aracılığıyla .05 ve .01 anlamlılık düzeyinde analizler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler korelasyon ve doğrusal regresyon ile test edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularında üniversite yaşamına uyum ve benlik ayrımlaşması değişkenlerinin cinsiyete göre anlamlı olarak farklılaşmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Üniversite yaşamına uyum ile benlik ayrımlaşması arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ve anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki görülmüştür. Buna göre üniversite öğrencilerinin benlik ayrımlaşma düzeyi arttıkça üniversite yaşamına uyum düzeylerinin arttığı söylenebilir. Üniversite öğrencilerinde benlik ayrımlaşmasının üniversiteye yaşamına uyum düzeyinde pozitif yönlü yordayıcı rolünün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu da öğrencilerin üniversiteye yaşamına uyum düzeylerinin benlik ayrımlaşması ile açıklandığı ifade edilebilir.
Protective hepatitis B surface antibody (Anti-HBs) levels among health care workers in Duhok city of Iraq
Authors: ALİ Sagvan Hasan , RASHEED Bakhtiyar Ahmed , AL-HADİTHİ Tariq Salman 
Published: September 2018

Objective: This cross sectional study aimed to find the prevalence of protective hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) and HBV infection among health care workers in Duhok city. Method: In this cross sectional study, 504 health care workers from Duhok city were studied. The data requested included some demographics and risk factors of exposure. Blood samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The prevalence of protective anti-HBs was higher among vaccinated participants (p&lt;0.001) and was positively associated with the number of vaccine doses (p&lt;0.001). Around 60.0% of participants had received at least one dose of vaccine and 38% were fully vaccinated. Prevalence of postvaccination anti-HBs testing among fully vaccinated participants was 26.7%. The rate of protective anti-HBs levels among fully vaccinated participants was 84.8 %. The rates of HBsAg and overall HBV infection were 1.8%, and 9.5% respectively. HBV infection was significantly associated with occupational exposure to blood (OR=2.38; 95% CI=1.26-4.50) and dental interventions (OR=2.36; 95% CI=1.25-4.46). Conclusion: The rate of protective anti- HBs level among fully vaccinated HCWs is acceptable. Vaccination coverage and post-vaccination testing are still low and there is no post-exposure prophylaxis policy in Duhok health care facilities.
Exploring Personal Reading Histories in Developing Reading Interest of English Study Program Learners of University of Riau
Authors: Delfi Syofia , Diah Fangiana Safitri , Jismulatif Jismulatif 
Published: September 2018

As one of activities in Extensive Reading classroom, Exploring Personal Reading Histories provides learners in exploring their reading experiences. This study aimed to explore: (1) What are the reading experiences of English study program learners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau based in Exploring Personal Reading Histories?” (2) How are the reading experiences of English study program learners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau based on Exploring Personal Reading Histories developing reading interest?”It was a case study and the data were collected through the document of learners ‘reading histories. The result of this study found that: (1) the reading experiences of English study program learners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau based on Exploring Personal Reading Histories is individual contexts and processes in becoming competent for each level. (2) The reading experiences of English study program learners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Riau based on Exploring Personal Reading Histories developing reading interest are through reading experiences developing processes (parent’s and teachers’ role, learners’ positive attitude, reading materials for each level, reading activities, building critical thinking). This study suggests implementing Exploring Personal Reading Histories in Extensive Reading course. It is also recommended conducting deep study on Exploring Personal Reading Histories in developing reading interest by using socio-cultural theory and interviews as additional theory and interview.
A Review of the IELTS Test: Focus on Validity, Reliability, and Washback
Authors: Hashemi Ali , Daneshfar Samran 
Published: September 2018

The International English Language Test System (IELTS) is one of the most reputable English tests that is used to assess the language proficiency of those who intend to study or work in an English speaking context. It is one of the most large-scale proficiency tests which affects the lives of many students, as well as immigrants as the results of the test, are used for making critical decisions about the test takers. Moreover, the process of designing a good test requires a clear understanding of both validity and reliability of the test format. Therefore, in the current paper, we try to offer a descriptive review of the IELTS test by concentrating on various issues such as reliability, validity and washback.
Wojskowy i cywilny transport drogowy towarów niebezpiecznych oraz ładunków ponadgabarytowych
Authors: Puszkiewicz Wojciech , Piątkowski Piotr 
Published: September 2018

W artykule omówiono najważniejsze aspekty wojskowego i cywilnego transportu drogowego towarów niebezpiecznych i ładunków ponadgabarytowych. Przedstawione zostały podstawowe zasady przewozu ładunków ponadgabarytowych i towarów niebezpiecznych. Scharakteryzowano parametry ładunków ponadgabarytowych oraz czynności przygotowawcze do przewozu takich ładunków. Omówione zostało oznakowanie sztuk przesyłek oraz jednostki transportowej przewożącej towary niebezpieczne. Opisano obowiązkowe wyposażenie jednostki transportowej przewożącej po drogach publicznych towary niebezpieczne.
Respon Imun Itik Bali Pascavaksinasi Newcastle Disease
Authors: Novitasari Anindya , Suardana Ida Bagus Kade , Sampurna I Putu 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon imun itik terhadap vaksinasi Newcastle Disease (ND), serta waktu yang diperlukan agar terbentuk titer antibodi yang protektif. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan waktu sebagai perlakuan. Objek penelitian menggunakan serum itik Bali. Pengambilan darah pravaksinasi dilakukan pada umur tiga minggu, pada umur empat minggu dilakukan vaksinasi secara sub kutan. Pengambilan darah pascavaksinasi dilakukan empat kali dengan interval waktu satu minggu, diambil dari vena tibialis cranial dengan spuite satu cc, dan serum dipindahkan ke dalam tabung Eppendorf. Titer antibodi diuji dengan uji Hemaglutination inhibition (HI), dan dinyatakan dalam Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) dengan satuan Log 2. Rerata titer antibodi pravaksinasi adalah 0,83±0,408 Log 2. Sedangkan rerata titer antibodi minggu ke-1,2,3 dan 4 pasca vaksinasi adalah 2±0,632 Log 2, 5,5±1,225 Log 2, 1,2±0,983 Log 2, dan 0,16±0,408 Log 2. Dapat disimpulkan titer antibodi protektif (?2?) pada minggu ke-2 pascavaksinasi.