bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Conjugated Dienes via Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Liu Jiawang , Yang Ji , Baumann Wolfgang , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of conjugated dienes was realized for the first time via Pd‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of easily available 1,3‐diynes. Key to success is the utilization of the specific ligand 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl‐bis(tert‐butyl(pyridin‐2‐yl)phosphine) (L1), which allows this novel transformation to proceed at room temperature. A range of 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes are obtained in this straightforward access in high yields and selectivities. The synthetic utility of the protocol is showcased in the concise synthesis of several important intermediates for construction of natural products rac‐cagayanin, rac‐galbulin, rac‐agastinol, and cannabisin G.
Trapping of a Highly Bent and Reduced Form of 2‐Phosphaethynolate in a Mixed‐Valence Diuranium–Triamidoamine Complex
Authors: Magnall Rosie , Balázs Gábor , Lu Erli , Tuna Floriana , Wooles Ashley J. , Scheer Manfred , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe chemistry of 2‐phosphaethynolate is burgeoning, but there remains much to learn about this ligand, for example its reduction chemistry is scarce as this promotes P‐C‐O fragmentations or couplings. Here, we report that reduction of [U(TrenTIPS)(OCP)] (TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiPri3)3) with KC8/2,2,2‐cryptand gives [{U(TrenTIPS)}2{μ‐η2(OP):η2(CP)‐OCP}][K(2,2,2‐cryptand)]. The coordination mode of this trapped 2‐phosphaethynolate is unique, and derives from an unprecedented highly reduced and highly bent form of this ligand with the most acute P‐C‐O angle in any complex to date (P‐C‐O ∡ ≈127°). The characterisation data support a mixed‐valence diuranium(III/IV) formulation, where backbonding from uranium gives a highly reduced form of the P‐C‐O unit that is perhaps best described as a uranium‐stabilised OCP2−. radical dianion. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that this gives unprecedented carbene character to the P‐C‐O unit, which engages in a weak donor–acceptor interaction with one of the uranium ions.
Thermoplastic and moisture‐dependent behavior of lignin phenol formaldehyde resins
Authors: Solt Pia , van Herwijnen Hendrikus W. G. , Konnerth Johannes 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBonding kinetics of thermosetting adhesives is influenced by a variety of factors such as temperature, humidity, and resin properties. A comparison of lignin‐based phenol formaldehyde (LPF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive in terms of reactivity and mechanical properties referring to testing conditions (temperature, moisture of specimen) were investigated. For this purpose, two resins were manufactured aiming for similar technological resin properties. The reactivity was evaluated by B‐time measurements at different temperatures and the development of bonding strength at three different conditions, testing immediately after hot pressing, after applying a cooling phase after hot pressing, or sample conditioning at standard climate. In addition, the moisture stability of the two fully cured resins was examined. The calculated reactivity index demonstrated that LPF requires more energy for curing than PF. Further results indicate that lignin as substituent for phenol in PF resin has a negative impact on its moisture resistance. Additionally, the known thermoplastic behavior of lignin could also be detected in the behavior of the cured resin. This behavior is relevant for the adhesive in use and necessitates a cooling phase before testing the bonding strength development of lignin‐based adhesive systems. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48011.
Guest‐Assisted Proton Conduction in the Sulfonic Mesoporous MIL‐101 MOF
Authors: Devautour‐Vinot Sabine , Sanil Eriyakkadan S. , Geneste Amine , Ortiz Vanessa , Yot Pascal G. , Chang Jong‐San , Maurin Guillaume 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPost‐synthesis modification of MIL‐101(Cr)‐NO2 was explored in order to decorate the organic backbone by propyl‐sulfonic groups, with the aim to incorporate mobile and acidic protons for solid‐state proton electrolyte applications. The resulting solid switched from insulating towards proton superconductive behavior under humidity, while the conductivity recorded at 363 K and 95 % relative humidity reached 4.8×10−3 S cm−1. Propitiously, the impregnation of the material by strong acidic molecules (H2SO4) further boosted the proton conductivity performances up to the remarkable σ value of 1.3×10−1 S cm−1 at 363 K/95 % RH, which reaches the performances of the best proton conductive MOF reported so far.
A safety assessment framework of control systems according to international standards
Authors: Suyama Koichi , Sebe Noboru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an assessment framework for the safety function implemented in a controller according to international standards on safety. Such a function can prevent events where physical values in a control system deviate from the normal operating range, to the fullest extent possible. Therefore, it can decrease the frequency of demand occurrences on externally implemented safety‐related systems and supplement them in risk reduction required by the international standards on safety, such as IEC 61508. In the proposed framework, by evaluating the possibility that the deviations occur because of the true effects of a failure/restoration by using the switching
gain for analyzing the fluctuations in transient responses after an unpredictable system switch, we can obtain the demand frequency as an assessment result.
Levetiracetam Pregnancy Registry: Final results and a review of the impact of registry methodology and definitions on the prevalence of major congenital malformations
Authors: Scheuerle Angela E. , Holmes Lewis B. , Albano Jessica D. , Badalamenti Vincent , Battino Dina , Covington Deborah , Harden Cynthia , Miller David , Montouris Georgia D. , Pantaleoni Chiara , Thorp John , Tofighy Azita , Tomson Torbjörn , Golembesky Amanda K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate pregnancy outcomes among women participating in the antiepileptic drug (AED) Levetiracetam Registry (LEV‐Registry), and to review the impact of using two other registries' outcome definitions on the number of major congenital malformations (MCMs).MethodsThis US‐based prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00345475) was overseen by an independent Expert Panel. Women exposed to levetiracetam at any time during pregnancy enrolled, directly, or via their healthcare provider. The primary outcome was prevalence of MCMs, defined according to a modified version of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program criteria.ResultsOf 491 women enrolled, 465 (94.7%) had a documented outcome. Most (92.3%) received levetiracetam for epilepsy; 323 (69.4%) as monotherapy and 142 (30.5%) as polytherapy. With three twin pregnancies, there were 468 outcomes—444 livebirths, 3 stillbirths, 19 miscarriages, and 2 terminations. Based on the MCM definition used by LEV‐Registry, 46 infants among 444 livebirths had MCMs resulting in 10.4% (95% CI 7.7, 13.6) for overall prevalence, 9.4% (95% CI 6.4, 13.2) with monotherapy, and 12.6% (95% CI 7.5, 19.4) with polytherapy. When MCM reports were reviewed independently by staff at EURAP (International Registry of AEDs) and North American AED Pregnancy Registry according to their respective criteria, only 22 and 7 infants of the 46, respectively, were classified as having MCMs.ConclusionThe LEV‐Registry Expert Panel did not find evidence suggestive of teratogenic association with prenatal exposure to levetiracetam. The substantial differences in which physical findings were considered MCMs highlight the major impact of pregnancy registry methodology on MCM prevalence estimates.
Experimental Data on Mutual Mass Diffusivities of Binary Mixtures of Ethanol and [EMIM][DEP]
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Schulze Udo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIonic liquids have been widely discussed for manifold applications in chemical and energy engineering. Reliable molecular transport property data for the heat and mass transfer are indispensable. In this study, the diaphragm‐cell method has been applied to determine the mutual mass diffusivities of binary mixtures of ethanol in the ionic liquid [EMIM][DEP] for various ranges of temperatures and ionic liquid mass fractions. A simple correlation based on the Stokes‐Einstein relation is used to fit the experimental data.
General change mechanisms in the early treatment phase and their associations with the outcome of cognitive behavioural therapy in patients with different levels of motivational incongruence
Authors: Gmeinwieser Sebastian , Hagmayer York , Pieh Christoph , Probst Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEarly general change mechanisms (GCMs) have been shown to be associated with psychotherapy outcome but it remains unclear which specific patients benefit from which GCM. This study explored whether the patients' characteristic motivational incongruence moderates the effect of GCMs in the early treatment phase on the outcome. Three early GCMs (interpersonal experiences, intrapersonal experiences, and problem actuation) were evaluated after five therapy‐preparing sessions by patients and therapists. On the basis of previous work, we assumed that the association between intrapersonal experiences and outcome is moderated by incongruence. A total of 524 patients completing outpatient cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) were investigated. The patient‐reported outcome measure was psychological symptom severity. The patients' motivational incongruence was assessed with the incongruence questionnaire short form at baseline. Results showed that therapists' ratings of all three early GCMs and patients' ratings of early problem actuation were not associated with CBT outcome. By contrast, positive patients' ratings of early interpersonal and early intrapersonal experiences were beneficial for CBT outcome (both p < .05). Only the association between patients' ratings of early intrapersonal experiences and CBT outcome was moderated by incongruence (p < .05). The higher the patients' baseline incongruence was, the more beneficial early intrapersonal experiences in the patients' perspective were for a good outcome. These findings entail that increasing early intrapersonal experiences from the patients' perspective is particularly important in patients with motivational incongruence but working on early interpersonal experiences in the patients' perspective is important in patients with all levels of incongruence to reach a good CBT outcome.
Nearshore seascape connectivity enhances seagrass meadow nursery function
Authors: Olson Angeleen M. , Hessing‐Lewis Margot , Haggarty Dana , Juanes Francis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiverse habitats composing coastal seascapes occur in close proximity, connected by the flux of materials and fauna across habitat boundaries. Understanding how seascape connectivity alters important ecosystem functions for fish, however, is not well established. For a seagrass‐dominant seascape, we predicted that configuration and composition of adjacent habitats would alter habitat access for fauna and trophic subsidies, enhancing nursery function for juvenile fish. In an extensive Zostera marina seagrass meadow, we established sites adjacent to (1) highly complex and productive kelp forests (Nereocystis luetkeana), (2) unvegetated sand habitats, and (3) in the seagrass meadow interior. Using SCUBA, we conducted underwater observations of young‐of the‐year (YOY) rockfish (Sebastes spp.) recruitment across sites. Using generalized linear mixed effects models, we assessed the role of seascape adjacency relative to seagrass provisions (habitat complexity and prey) on YOY recruitment. YOY rockfish collections were used to trace sources of allochthonous vs. autochthonous primary production in the seagrass food web, via a δ13C and δ15N isotopic mixing model, and prey consumption using stomach contents. Overall, seagrass nursery function was strongly influenced by adjacent habitats and associated subsidies. Allochthonous N. luetkeana was the greatest source of energy assimilated by YOY rockfish within seagrass sites. In seagrass sites adjacent to N. luetkeana kelp forests, YOYs consumed higher quality prey, which corresponded with better body condition relative to sites adjacent to sand. Moreover, kelp forest adjacency enhanced YOY rockfish recruitment within the seagrass meadow, suggesting that habitat complexity is a key seascape feature influencing the nursery function of nearshore habitats. In general, to promote seascape connectivity, the conservation and restoration of nursery habitats should prioritize the inclusion of habitat mosaics of high structural complexity and productivity. We illustrate and emphasize the importance of using a seascape‐level approach that considers linkages among habitats for the management of important nearshore ecosystem functions.
Resolving the depth zonation paradox in reef‐building corals
Authors: Roberts T. Edward , Bridge Tom C. L. , Caley M. Julian , Madin Joshua S. , Baird Andrew H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChanges in abundance across a natural environmental gradient provide important insights into a species’ realized ecological niche. In reef‐building corals, a species’ niche is often defined using its depth range. However, most reef‐building coral species occur over a broad depth range, a fact that is incompatible with the strong zonation found in coral assemblages across depth. We resolve this paradox by modeling the abundance distributions of 110 coral species across a 45 m depth gradient to show that most are in fact depth specialists and reveal that depth range alone is incapable of capturing a species’ depth use. We then highlight the significance of our results by demonstrating how depth range greatly overestimates the potential number of species with a refuge at depth from global warming. Our findings illustrate both the limitations of the simple metric of depth range and the ecological insights that can be gained by moving beyond it.
Meta‐analysis on the efficacy of psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa
Authors: van den Berg Elske , Houtzager Laura , de Vos Jasmijn , Daemen Inge , Katsaragaki Georgia , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Dekker Jack 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analysis examines the efficacy of recently developed psychological treatments for anorexia nervosa, compared with control condition. Outcome criteria are weight gain, eating disorder pathology, and quality of life.MethodTwelve thousand nine hundred ninety‐seven abstracts, published between 1980 and 2017, were retrieved. End‐of‐treatment data from 1,279 participants, from 15 of 17 eligible studies, were used to calculate pooled‐effect sizes (Hedges' g) for outcome using random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the influence of various patient and study characteristics.ResultsNo significant differences between psychological treatment and controls were found on weight gain, g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.09, 0.23], eating disorder pathology, g = 0.06, 95% CI [−0.10, 0.21], and quality of life, g = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.36, 0.15]. Studies including only patients over 18 years of age were more effective on weight gain than studies including adolescents as well. High‐quality studies and studies with reported therapist training had larger effects on weight gain and quality of life compared with low‐quality studies and studies without reported training.ConclusionsDespite progress in the development of specialized treatments, the efficacy of psychological treatment over an active control condition could not be established. Outcomes, however, are obscured by low‐quality and heterogeneous studies.
Evaluation of human breastmilk adulteration by combining Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least square modeling
Authors: De Luca Michele , Ioele Giuseppina , Spatari Claudia , Caruso Luisa , Galasso Maria P. , Ragno Gaetano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA two‐step chemometric procedure was developed on the attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared data of human breastmilk to detect adulteration by water or cow milk. The samples, collected from a Milk Bank, were analyzed before and after adulteration with whole, skimmed, semi‐skimmed cow milk and water. A preliminary clustering via principal component analysis distinguished three classes: pure milk, milk adulterated with water, and milk adulterated with cow milk. A first partial least square‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) classification model was built and then applied on new samples to identify the specific adulterants. The external validation on this model reached 100% of the correct identification of pure milk and 90% of the type of adulterants. In the following step, four PLS calibration models were built to quantify the amount of the adulterant detected in the classification analysis. The prediction performance of these models on new samples showed satisfactory parameters with root mean square error of prediction and percentage relative error lower than 1.38% and 3.31%, respectively.
CREBZF regulates testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells
Authors: Lu Minjie , Zhang Ruixue , Yu Tong , Wang Lei , Liu Shouqin , Cai Rui , Guo Xinyan , Jia Yanni , Wang Aihua , Jin Yaping , Lin Pengfei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCREBZF, including the two isoforms SMILE (long isoform of CREBZF) and Zhangfei (short isoform of CREBZF), has been identiﬁed as a novel transcriptional coregulator of a variety of nuclear receptors. Our previous studies found that SMILE is expressed in the mouse uterine luminal and glandular epithelium and is upregulated by estrogen. In the present study, CREBZF was age‐dependently and ‐specifically expressed in mouse interstitial Leydig cells during sexual maturation. The expression pattern of CREBZF exhibited an age‐related increase, and SMILE was the dominant isoform in the mouse testis. Although hCG did not affect CREBZF expression, CREBZF silencing signiﬁcantly inhibited hCG‐stimulated testosterone production in primary Leydig cells and MLTC‐1 cells. Meanwhile, the serum concentration of testosterone was signiﬁcantly decreased after microinjection of lentiviral‐mediated shRNA‐CREBZF into the mature mouse testis. In addition, CREBZF silencing markedly decreased P450c17, 17β‐HSD, and 3β‐HSD expression following hCG stimulation in primary Leydig cells, and this inhibitory effect was obviously reversed by overexpression of CREBZF. Furthermore, CREBZF significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of Nr4a1 and Nr5a1, which are the essential orphan nuclear receptors for steroidogenic gene expression. Together our data indicate that CREBZF promotes hCG‐induced testosterone production in mouse Leydig cells by affecting Nr4a1 and Nr5a1 expression levels and subsequently increasing the expression of steroidogenic genes such as 3β‐HSD, 17β‐HSD, and P450c17, suggesting a potential important role of CREBZF in testicular testosterone synthesis.
Selective conversion of furans to p‐xylene with surface‐modified zeolites
Authors: Zhu Lijuan , Fan Minghui , Wang Yulan , Wang Shengfei , He Yuting , Li Quanxin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to the growing consumption of oil and the negative environmental impacts, the production of p‐xylene (PX) from renewable biomass has gained significant attention recently. However, the major challenge for the production of PX from biomass or furans is how to improve the yield and selectivity of PX, along with reducing coke.RESULTSThe para selectivity in the catalytic conversion of furans was greatly enhanced owing to the deactivation of external surface and the adjustment of pore entrance. Co‐catalytic conversion of furans and methanol significantly enhanced the production of PX by the Diels–Alder reactions between furans and olefins and the alkylation of benzene/toluene with methanol. The highest PX yield of 17.8 C‐mol% with a p‐xylene/xylene ratio of 94.5% was obtained by the co‐conversion of 2‐methylfuran with methanol over the 15%La/10%Ce/HZ catalyst.CONCLUSIONThis work proved that furans (2‐methylfuran, 2,5‐dimethylfuran, furfural and furan) were able to be selectively converted into a high‐value chemical (PX) over the 15%La/10%Ce/HZ catalyst. The transformation mainly involved four key reactions: the catalytic cracking of furans, the Diels–Alder reactions, the alkylation of aromatics and the isomerization of xylenes over the surface‐modified zeolite. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of nasopharyngeal irradiation and gadolinium administration on changes in T1 signal intensity of the dentate nucleus in nasopharyngeal malignancy patients without intracranial abnormalities
Authors: Tang Rongbiao , Haacke E. Mark , Zhang Yibin , Wang Qingrou , He Naying , Chen Ke‐min , Yan Fuhua 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIrradiation has been found to increase T1 signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN) by accelerating the gadolinium deposition in patients after multiple gadolinium‐based contrast agent (GBCA) administrations. Several reports have focused on this phenomenon in patients with brain tumors; however, data in patients receiving irradiation with no intracranial abnormalities (NIAs) are lacking.PurposeTo explore how nasopharyngeal irradiation affected SI changes on unenhanced T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI) in the DN in nasopharyngeal malignancy (NPM) patients who presented with NIAs and who had multiple injection doses (IDs) of linear GBCAs.Study TypeSingle‐center, retrospective, case–control study.PopulationIn all, 132 subjects: 66 NPM patients, 66 matched controls.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3T/T1WI, T2WI, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR).AssessmentRadiation doses (RDs) were calculated by a radiotherapy technician. SIs were measured by a radiologist. The DN‐to‐cerebellar white matter (CWM) SI ratios and their relative percentage change (Rchange) were compared.Statistical TestsShapiro–Wilk test, paired t‐test, independent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, Pearson and Spearman correlation.ResultsDN/CWM
b ratios or R
change from the NPM group were significantly higher than those from the control group (P < 0.001). No significant difference of DN/CWM
a ratios was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). Positive correlations between R
change, DN/CWM
b ratio, and the number of IDs were found in both the NPM and control groups (P < 0.01). The overall changes of DN/CWM
b ratio or R
change between NPM and control groups were higher for the higher‐IDs subgroup (≥10) than for the lower‐IDs subgroup (<10).Data ConclusionNasopharyngeal irradiation appeared to increase SI in T1WI in NPM patients with NIAs and repeated GBCA administrations relative to control patients who also underwent GBCA administrations, especially when IDs ≥10. However, no significant association between R
change and RDs to the DNs was found.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:250–259.