bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Sims Omar T. , Oh Hyejung , Noh Hyunjin , Melton Pamela A. , Sheffield Samantha , Ingram Kacey , Sawyer Patricia 
Published: August 2018

AimThe objectives of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension among older adults, examine predictors of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension, and ascertain whether predictors varied by race.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out using a statewide survey of Alabama community‐dwelling older adults (n = 1204). Measures of central tendency and frequency distributions were used for univariate analysis. Logistic regression was used to predict co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension.ResultsThe prevalence of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension among older adults was 17%. African American race (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.596–3.255), body mass index ≥30 (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.732–3.463), heart disease (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.355–2.756) and eye disease (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.018–2.024) were associated positively with co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension.ConclusionsThe prevalence of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension among older adults was alarmingly high. The notable difference in the likelihood of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension is representative of a racial health disparity that largely disfavors African American older adults. Findings from the present study highlight a need for identification of older adults who have and who are at risk of co‐occurring diabetes and hypertension in the general population and in clinical settings, and the development and implementation of suitable interventions, particularly targeting older African American adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1356–1360.
Association between dynapenia and decline in higher‐level functional capacity in older men with diabetes
Authors: Ida Satoshi , Murata Kazuya , Nakadachi Daiki , Ishihara Yuki , Imataka Kanako , Uchida Akihiro , Monguchi Kou , Kaneko Ryutaro , Fujiwara Ryoko , Takahashi Hiroka 
Published: August 2018

AimThe present study aimed to investigate an association between dynapenia or sarcopenia and higher‐level functional capacity in older diabetes patients.MethodsDiabetes outpatients aged ≥65 years were prospectively enrolled. Dynapenia and sarcopenia were defined by criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and higher‐level functional capacity was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG‐IC). Multiple regression analysis included TMIG‐IC scores as the dependent variable and dynapenia or sarcopenia as the explanatory variables.ResultsThe present study included 204 patients. The regression coefficient of the relationship between dynapenia and covariance‐adjusted TMIG‐IC in men was −1.26 (95% confidence interval −2.35 to −0.17, P = 0.024), and that of sarcopenia and TMIG‐CI adjusted for covariates was 0.65 (95% confidence interval −1.26 to 2.58, P = 0.500). We observed no significant correlation between TMIG‐IC scores and dynapenia or sarcopenia in women.ConclusionsA statistically significant association was found between dynapenia and decline of higher‐level functional capacity in older men with diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1393–1397.
Auditor‐provided nonaudit services: Post‐EU‐regulation evidence from Denmark
Authors: van Liempd Dennis , Quick Reiner , Warming‐Rasmussen Bent 
Published: August 2018

This survey study focuses on the relationship between the simultaneous provision of audit and nonaudit services and auditor independence‐in‐appearance as perceived by Danish stakeholders. Thereby, the perceived usefulness of the new EU public‐interest entity regulation and audit directive is evaluated.Our findings indicate that the joint provision of nonaudit and audit services is negatively associated with perceived auditor independence. However, this differs according to the type of stakeholder group. Many individual services, even those not on the EU blacklist, are regarded as problematic. Nevertheless, the relation to independence‐in‐appearance differs by type of service. The EU cap on nonaudit services fees seems to be too high. The separation between audit firms' staff that provides auditing services and staff that provides nonaudit services, and an approval of nonaudit services by the audit committee, are not regarded as helpful in enhancing auditor independence. Finally, respondents see a need to expand the strict EU regulations for audits of public‐interest entities to audits of large non‐public‐interest entities.
Association between high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 and carotid atherosclerosis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Huamin , Yao Yan , Wang Youxin , Ji Long , Zhu Kai , Hu Haitao , Chen Jianxin , Yang Jichun , Cui Qinghua , Geng Bin , Liu Qing , Li Dong , Zhou Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) have been reported to be independent predictors of atherosclerosis. However, whether the combination of these two markers can improve the prediction of atherosclerosis is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between combining hs‐CRP and Lp‐PLA2 and predicting carotid atherosclerosis. A total of 1982 participants aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Hs‐CRP and Lp‐PLA2 were measured by a high‐sensitivity nephelometry assay and quantitative sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Ultrasonography was performed on the bilateral carotid arteries to evaluate stenosis and plaques. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between the combination of the hs‐CRP and Lp‐PLA2 levels and carotid plaques and stenosis. A total of 1579 (79.7%) and 181 (9.1%) subjects had carotid plaques and carotid stenosis, respectively. The group with high hs‐CRP and Lp‐PLA2 levels had the highest prevalence of carotid plaques (90.6%) and stenosis (20.8%). A significant association was found between high hs‐CRP and Lp‐PLA2 levels and carotid stenosis (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13‐5.09), but this combination was not associated with carotid plaques (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 0.93‐7.38). The results suggested that the combination of hs‐CRP and Lp‐PLA2 were better predictors than either protein alone with regard to carotid atherosclerosis.
Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Aizawa Sohichi , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrom last decade of the 20th century, numerous epidemiological studies and intervention trials have attempted to prove the relationships between maternal periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Periodontal diseases are considered a risk factor for APO, including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birthweight, pre‐eclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the efficacy of periodontal treatment during pregnancy is controversial. Two pathogenic mechanisms might explain the potential effect of periodontal diseases on pregnancy outcomes. First, periodontal bacteria originating in the gingival biofilm directly affect the feto‐placental unit subsequent to bacteremia. Second, inflammatory mediators secreted by the subgingival inflammatory site are carried to the feto‐placental unit, where they then cause an inflammatory response. To elucidate these mechanisms, many researchers have been investigating the use of experimental animal models and in vitro models. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on the relationship between periodontal diseases and APO from epidemiological studies, animal models studies and in vitro studies, and speculate on the possible mechanism of periodontal diseases affecting pregnancy outcomes.
Evaluation of national guidelines for bronchiolitis: AGREEments and controversies
Authors: Cavaye Diana , Roberts Daniel P , Saravanos Gemma L , Hsu Zhen Y , Miyajima Risa , Randall Louise E , Salmon Eliot DD , Tan Yi Le , Tucker Jean A , Yeoh Seng K , Britton Philip N 
Published: August 2018

AimBronchiolitis is a common respiratory illness and is a leading cause of hospitalisation in infancy. We aimed to appraise three recent national bronchiolitis guidelines produced by the Australasian Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK and the American Academy of Pediatrics.MethodsA group of final‐year medical students and one senior clinician used the AGREE II tool to appraise each guideline in two stages. First, two students appraised each guideline independently and presented their results. Second, two self‐selected students met with the senior clinicians to review all scores to ensure completeness of the appraisal and consistency of AGREE II application.ResultsThe guidelines scored well overall, with particular strengths in the domains of clarity of presentation, scope and purpose and rigour of development. Comparison of the recommendations across each guideline demonstrated a high degree of consistency. Notable differences included recommendations for the role of palivizumab in prevention of bronchiolitis, the use of continuous pulse oximetry monitoring in the hospitalised patient and the value of respiratory virus testing.ConclusionsOur appraisal of bronchiolitis guidelines from three high‐income countries demonstrated that they were of high quality, with substantial areas of agreement. Most aspects of clinical practice should be uniform for this common paediatric condition. Areas of guideline weakness were in the domains of applicability and editorial independence. We identified three areas of controversy where further research is needed to support stronger evidence‐based recommendations.
Benzoic acid in nursery diets increases the performance from weaning to finishing by reducing diarrhoea and improving the intestinal morphology of piglets inoculated with Escherichia coli K88+
Authors: Silveira Hebert , Amaral Leticia Gomes de Morais , Garbossa Cesar Augusto Pospissil , Rodrigues Leticia Mendonça , Silva Claudia Cassimira da , Cantarelli Vínicius de Souza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA total of 224 weaned pigs (DanBred sows x PIC 337 sires) with an average body weight (BW) of 6.37 ± 0.34 kg (21 days of age) were used to evaluate how different levels of benzoic acid fed to weaning pigs orally inoculated with Escherichia coli (K88+) affected the nursing and grow‐finishing performance, the physicochemical properties of the intestine, the volatile fatty acid concentration in the caecum and the incidence of diarrhoea. Pigs were randomly allocated in an experimental design of randomized blocks in a 4 × 2 factorial design, and they were administered four levels of benzoic acid (0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%) and inoculated (or not) in two consecutive days with 1 ml solution containing 106 CFU/ml of E. coli (K88+). Seven replicates (pens) per treatment were used, and four animals were kept per pen. Supplementation with 0.75% benzoic acid promoted better performance (p < 0.05) in the nursery phase as well as in the subsequent phases until slaughter, and it decreased the incidence of diarrhoea in piglets (p < 0.05). In the piglets fed the benzoic acid diet, the villus height in the jejunum and ileum was greater until 42 days of life (p < 0.05), the crypt depth was decreased in the caecum (p < 0.05), and the butyric acid concentration was increased in the caecal content tendencially (p = 0.0708). In conclusion, supplementation with 0.75% benzoic acid has a positive effect on piglets by reducing diarrhoea, improving intestinal health and promoting the performance from weaning to finishing. Thus, benzoic acid can be considered a potential alternative that can replace growth‐promoting antibiotics.
Intensive Intervention for Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Smith Stephen W. , Poling Daniel V. , Worth Megan R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSchool professionals may provide behavioral support for students using a tiered framework of intervention. Students who display problem behaviors and sustained resistance to interventions within these tiers may require special education services under the category of emotional and behavioral disorders. By the time students receive special education services, they will have experienced changes in intervention intensity, such as increased behavioral reinforcement or modification of functional assessment‐informed individualized behavior plans. Yet, simply intensifying interventions quantitatively (more frequent reinforcement or progress monitoring) may not increase sufficiently students’ abilities to function successfully in school, because their needs may require behavioral and social‐emotional skills instruction. Evidence highlights the importance of skill‐based instruction that is sequenced, active, focused, and explicit. Therefore, after discussing current educational practices, we describe an intensive intervention that is responsive to student behavioral excesses and deficits through explicit skill instruction delivered through special education services, and consider research and practice implications.
Shakespeare source study in the early twenty‐first century: A resurrection?
Authors: Walter Melissa , Klann Sarah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRenewed interest in authorial and rehearsal processes, as well as new investigations of audience knowledges and experiences, are prompting a rethinking of Shakespearean source study to incorporate 21st century perspectives and to make use of the affordances of digital data processing. This article does not suggest new sources, but rather it shows that scholars are in the process of rethinking Shakespearean source study in light of current ways of thinking about authorship, memory, and audiences. An important element of current thinking is an awareness of the need to sustain an understanding of diverse early modern cultures. Because Shakespeare is such a central figure of English authorship, how Shakespearean sources, compositional processes, and cultural contexts are understood, taught, edited, and studied continues to matter. In all of these areas, digital technologies provide new opportunities and challenges.
New Light on the Mid‐Fourteenth‐Century Chace: Canons Hidden in the Tournai Manuscript
Authors: STOESSEL JASON , COLLINS DENIS 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe recent discovery of two canons in the manuscript containing the famous Tournai Mass changes the history of canonic genres. This article situates the new Tournai canons within the surviving mid‐fourteenth‐century canonic repertoire from Francophone regions of Europe, especially canonic chaces in the Ivrea manuscript and the works of Machaut. To achieve this, we examine current theories of canonic techniques before setting out our own analytical framework. In a departure from the dominant view informed by the use of color and talea in tenors of the fourteenth‐century isorhythmic motet, we propose instead that the solus tenor can in part inform a better understanding of early strategies for planning and composing canons. Alternatively, some canons can be better appreciated from the basis of a ‘top‐down’ compositional approach found principally in the song repertoire of the mid fourteenth‐century ars nova. Within this analytical framework, shared principles of isoperiodicity, voice exchange, melodic permutation and melodic design across the mid‐fourteenth century French repertoire point to a common stock of techniques for composing canons. The Tournai canons provide early witnesses to these techniques, although they avoid more exuberant stylistic elements such as hocket.
Nebulous nationalism: Walker Connor in an era of rising populism
Authors: Stone John , Christodoulaki Ioanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWalker Connor's extensive writings on nationalism covered a wide range of issues and an even wider range of societies, from North America to Western Europe, from the countries of the Communist bloc to the evolving forms of identity and affiliation throughout the postcolonial, developing world. No theme in his work is perhaps more salient than his critical distinction between state and nation, one that was so often blurred by a loose terminology that saw political units and forms of ethnic identity as synonymous. For Connor, this sin was perpetrated by both academic scholars and general writers and led to a lack of appreciation of one of the foremost forces – what he called ethno‐nationalism – shaping the contemporary world.
The validation of biomarkers of metabolic efficacy in infant nutrition
Authors: Furse S. , Richardson L. , Koulman A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBreastfeeding is regarded as the ideal way to nourish infants. However, feeding with formula milk is also common in much of the West. Despite this, the function of the molecular components of breast and formula milks are not fully understood, less still the relationship between the composition of the milk and the infant's metabolism and how this influences the infant's development. The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council‐funded project ‘The validation of biomarkers of metabolic efficacy in infant nutrition’ aims to identify lipid biomarkers that can be used to study the effect of diet on growth and development of infants. In this work, we have been able to validate these markers. Here, we present an approach to biomarker discovery that has new depth and will inform research questions about how metabolism is governed, and which species can be used to identify situations where metabolism is becoming defective.
Designing a research infrastructure on dietary intake and its determinants
Authors: Bogaardt M.‐J. , Geelen A. , Zimmermann K. , Finglas P. , Raats M. M. , Mikkelsen B. E. , Poppe K. J. , van't Veer P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch on dietary intake and its determinants is crucial for an adequate response to the current epidemic of diet‐related non‐communicable chronic diseases. In order to respond to this challenge, the RICHFIELDS project was tasked with designing a research infrastructure (RI) that connects data on dietary intake of consumers in Europe, and its determinants, collected using apps and wearable sensors, from behavioural laboratories and experimental facilities and from other RIs. The main output of the project, an RI design, describes interfaces (portals) to collect data, a meta‐database and a data‐model to enable data linkage and sharing. The RICHFIELDS project comprises three phases, each consisting of three work packages, and an overarching methodological support work package. Phase 1 focused on data generated by consumers (e.g. collected by apps and sensors) relating to the purchase, preparation and consumption of food. Phase 2 focused on data generated by organisations such as businesses (e.g. retail data), government (e.g. procurement data) and experimental research facilities (e.g. virtual supermarkets). Phases 1 and 2 provided Phase 3 with insights on data types and design requirements, including the business models, data integration and management systems and governance and ethics. The final design will be used in the coming years to build an RI for the scientific research community, policy makers and businesses in Europe. The RI will boost interdisciplinary multi‐stakeholder research through harmonisation and integration of data on food behaviour.
Major new review of global evidence on diet, nutrition and physical activity: A blueprint to reduce cancer risk
Authors: Thompson R. , Mitrou G. , Brown S. , Almond E. , Bandurek I. , Brockton N. , Kälfors M. , McGinley‐Gieser D. , Sinclair B. , Meincke L. , Wiseman M. , Allen K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe number of cancer cases is increasing. Despite advances in treatment, cancer causes one in six deaths worldwide and has overtaken cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. Yet around 40% of cancer cases are preventable through lifestyle changes. The newly published Third Expert Report, Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective, from World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), provides a comprehensive analysis of the worldwide body of evidence on preventing and surviving cancer through diet, nutrition and physical activity. Using the most meticulous methods, evidence from studies on 17 cancers and 51 million people – including 3.5 million cancer cases – has been reviewed. The findings have been used to produce the latest global Cancer Prevention Recommendations – which together form a blueprint to prevent cancer that people can trust – and to identify priority areas for future research. The Report, summarised in this article, ensures that people are equipped with the knowledge needed to prioritise cancer prevention – be they researchers, medical or health professionals, policymakers, civil society organisations (including cancer organisations), the media or people looking to reduce their own risk of cancer or live well after a diagnosis. A whole‐of‐government, whole‐of‐society approach is necessary to create environments for people and communities that are conducive to following the WCRF/AICR Recommendations in order to reduce the number of deaths from preventable cancer.