bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondhand horror: effects of direct and indirect predator cues on behavior and reproduction of the bank vole
Authors: Sievert Thorbjörn , Haapakoski Marko , Palme Rupert , Voipio Helinä , Ylönen Hannu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRisk recognition by prey is of paramount importance within the evolutionary arms race between predator and prey. Prey species are able to detect direct predator cues like odors and adjust their behavior appropriately. The question arises whether an indirect predation cue, such as the odor of scared individuals, can be detected by conspecifics and subsequently affects recipient behavior. Parents may also transfer their experience with predators to their offspring. In two experiments, we assessed how direct and indirect predation cues affect bank vole (Myodes glareolus) foraging behavior, reproduction, and pup fitness. Weasel (Mustela nivalis) odor served as the direct cue, whereas the odor of weasel‐scared conspecifics, alarm pheromones, was used as an indirect cue and both of those were compared to a control odor, clean wood shavings. Alarm pheromones attracted female voles, measured as time in proximity to the treatment and foraging. Both predator odor and alarm pheromones enhanced reproduction compared to the control odor. Females treated with alarm pheromone had significantly higher pregnancy rates, and pups from predator‐treated mothers were significantly heavier at birth. Our study provides two novel ideas. First, the impact of a predator can be socially transmitted. Second, predation risk likely triggers terminal investment in reproduction.
Speculative engineering technology and future insight
Authors: Kawahara Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpeculative design is one of the design methods that “make people think about the future (thinking = speculate)” to make it a better world. In this paper, I introduce the “possible” future enabled by the evolution of technologies such as materials, devices, software, soft robots, wireless power supply, and digital fabrication, which are under development at the JST ERATO Kawahara Universal Information Network Project.
Rapid detection of trace Cu2+ using an l‐cysteine based interdigitated electrode sensor integrated with AC electrokinetic enrichment
Authors: Qi Haochen , Zhao Meiqi , Liang Huaguo , Wu Jayne , Huang Zhengfeng , Hu Anming , Wang Jian , Lu Yingchun , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCopper is an indispensable trace element for human health. Too much or too little intake of copper ion (Cu2+) can lead to its own adverse health conditions. Therefore, detection of Cu2+ is always of vital importance. In this work, a simple sensor was developed for rapid detection of trace Cu2+ in water, in which L‐cysteine (Cys) as a molecular probe was self‐assembled on a gold interdigital electrode to form a monolayer for specific capture of Cu2+. The interfacial capacitance of interdigital electrode was detected to indicate the target adsorption level under an AC signal working as the excitation to induce directed movement and enrichment of Cu2+ to the electrode surface. This sensor reached a limit of detection of 4.14 fM and a satisfactory selectivity against eight other ions (Zn2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, As3+, and As5+). Testing of spiked tap water was also performed, demonstrating the sensor's usability. This sensor as well as the detection method shows a great application potential in fields such as environmental monitoring and medical diagnosis.
Therapeutic alliance in inpatients with severe anorexia nervosa
Authors: Marzola Enrica , Albini Erica , Delsedime Nadia , Fassino Secondo , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTherapeutic alliance (TA) is a relevant aspect in anorexia nervosa (AN), but data on inpatients are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the influence of motivation to change, diagnostic subtypes, and duration of illness on TA at hospital discharge; we also investigated if baseline clinical characteristics were associated with discharge TA, and the TA‐outcome association.MethodWe enrolled 137 adult inpatients with AN completing Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Anorexia Nervosa Stages of Change‐Questionnaire, EuroQoL‐Quality of Life Scale‐Visual Analogue Scale, and Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Revised.ResultsPatients with different AN subtypes and duration of illness reported similar TA. Baseline depression, state anxiety, and motivation to change were statistically significantly associated with TA at discharge. After controlling for all these variables and duration of illness, only motivation to change remained statistically significant. Statistically significant correlations were also found between improvements in body mass index and quality of life and discharge TA.ConclusionsFew data exist on TA in inpatients with AN and a long duration of illness. Our findings suggest that baseline motivation to change correlates with TA at discharge independently of other variables. Future studies should ascertain as to whether a causal link exists or not.
A method to estimate the longshore sediment transport at ebb‐tidal deltas based on their volumetric growth: Application to the Guadiana (Spain–Portugal border)
Authors: Garel Erwan , López‐Ruiz Alejandro , Ferreira Óscar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCurrent techniques assessing longshore sediment transport rates have large uncertainties, pleading for the development of alternative and complementary approaches. The present study proposes a method to estimate the decadal average rate of longshore transport at modern ebb‐tidal deltas based on a sediment budget analysis of the outer shoal growth. This transport is obtained as the balance of the other contributions to the shoal with the total sediment input rate obtained from an inverse application of the inlet reservoir model. The method is applied to the Guadiana ebb‐tidal delta, yielding an average longshore sediment transport rate (~85 000 m3 year−1) in good agreement with expectations for the region. It is exemplified that this decadal averaged rate can be used to improve longshore sediment transport expressions in order to study its variability over shorter time scales. At the Guadiana, the yearly longshore sediment transport from the improved formula ranges from ~25 000 m3 (westward) to ~245 000 m3 (eastward) and is related to the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Overall, the proposed method constitutes an alternative tool to constrain the average longshore sediment transport rate over decades in the vicinity of tidal inlets. It is applicable to ebb‐tidal deltas where the outer shoal growth (from an early to a mature stage) is well documented by bathymetric maps, and where the main transport pathways towards the outer shoal can be specified. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eignung und Auswahl von Vortriebsverfahren für Druckstollen von Hochdruck‐Wasserkraftanlagen
Authors: Gerstner Reinhold , Vigl Alois , Jäger Manfred , Wilfinger Nicole 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the construction of high‐pressure hydropower plants, the headrace is often the decisive cost component and determines the economic feasibility of the plant. For this reason, the selection and dimensioning of the most suitable tunnelling method is of fundamental importance. This starts with the determination of a suitable layout followed by a reliable geological prediction and covers the geotechnical interpretation and identification of geotechnical requirements. This is followed by the most accurate forecast of the performance of different excavation systems and risk assessments for each estimate. Finally, the development and comparison of different construction process scenarios is required to determine the most practical and safest combination of the most suitable excavation methods. Subsequently, these individual steps are explained and a comparison is drawn with experience gained in construction practice in the implementation of numerous headraces of high‐pressure hydropower plants.
The longitudinal association of multimorbidity on loneliness and network size: Findings from a population‐based study
Authors: Kristensen Kaja , König Hans‐Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between the onset of multimorbidity with loneliness and social network size longitudinally.MethodsLongitudinal data was used from the German Ageing Survey, a representative sample of adults aged 40 and over, residing in private households. The presence of two or more illnesses indicated multimorbidity. A 6‐item version of the validated De Jong Gierveld Loneliness scale was used to assess perceived loneliness. The network size of respondents was represented by counts of important people in regular contact. Fixed‐effects regressions adjusted for time‐varying socio‐demographic, life style, and health‐related variables were used.ResultsThe regression analysis yielded, when controlling for possible confounders, that the onset of multimorbidity led to increased loneliness (β = .06, p < .001). However, the results revealed as well that the onset of multimorbidity was associated with an increased network size (β = .29, p < .001).ConclusionResults demonstrate a complex relationship of the variables examined. Efforts to target multimorbidity, eg, to postpone or prevent it, could be helpful to decrease loneliness.
Development in the interpretation of ambiguous referents in 3‐ and 5‐year‐olds
Authors: Murakami Taro , Hashiya Kazuhide 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn verbal communication, a receiver often needs to resolve referential ambiguity. This study set two experimental conditions to separate the possibility of local correspondence based on the persisting strategy of reference assignment from that of more flexible reference skills. A total of 139 three‐year‐old and five‐year‐old children engaged in referencing names and colours in response to ambiguous implicit questions. The double‐referent condition involved a reference assignment task, which alternated explicit questions and implicit questions. In the single‐referent condition, implicit questions appeared at different positions within a series of interactions. The results demonstrated no difference between the conditions, indicating that the difficulty of disambiguation was not due to local correspondences such as “this”‐referent mappings in a particular context. This suggests that the study's procedure appropriately probed inferential competence to enable retrospective disambiguation, thus providing a potential tool for assessing various aspects of pragmatic interpretation.Highlights

The main research question is whether the experience of "this"‐referent mappings affects to interpret the subsequent ambiguous referent.
A total of 139 three‐ and five‐year‐old children were engaged in the reference assignment task. The results demonstrated that the tendency of disambiguation was not due to local correspondence such as "this"‐referent mappings in a particular context.
The procedure used in the study appropriately reflected inferential competence that enables retrospective disambiguation.
An adaptive framework for saliency detection
Authors: Jia Ning , Liu Xianhui , Zhao Weidong , Zhang Haotian , Zhuo Keqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt present, people are inclined to use one saliency detection method to cover all the pixels in an image. However, every method has its own limitations. A single method may not yield a good performance at all image scenes. In this article, we propose a new adaptive framework to detect salient objects. For each pixel in an image, it adaptively selects an appropriate method according to the pixel context relationship. In our framework, an image is characterized by a set of binary maps, which are generated by randomly thresholding the image's initial saliency map. And then, we utilize the surroundedness cue, which are obtained by a series of operations on the binary maps, to classify all the pixels in an image. Furthermore, based on the classes, we choose methods to detect salient objects. Extensive experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method performs favorable against 11 state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A dual functional bone‐defect‐filling material with sequential antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for infected bone defect repair
Authors: Wang Dongyun , Liu Yi , Liu Yuelian , Yan Liang , Zaat Sebastian A.J. , Wismeijer Daniel , Pathak Janak L. , Wu Gang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfected bone defect healing is hindered by infection and compromised bone regenerative capacity. In this study, we designed a dual functional bone‐defect‐filling material with a sequential release system, that is, a burst release of a potent antibacterial agent, hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), followed by a controlled release of osteoinductive bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) to repair the infected bone defect. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of HACC against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 40 μg/mL. HACC at 40 μg/mL did not affect preosteoblast proliferation and did not influence the BMP2‐induced alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression, and matrix mineralization. in vitro release profile revealed burst release of HACC followed by a slow release of BMP2. in vivo bone formation was observed only in the BMP2‐containing groups. HACC did not influence of biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) resorption and BMP2‐induced bone formation. In conclusion, the optimized HACC/BMP2‐incorporated BioCaP complex showed strong antibacterial effect and robustly enhanced osteoinduction both in vitro and in vivo.
Man of Steel Syndrome: Silicone and Mineral Oil Injections With Associated Hypercalcemia, Hypophosphatemia, and Proximal Muscle Weakness
Authors: Shirvani Arash , Palermo Nadine E , Holick Michael F 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSilicone/mineral oil‐induced granulomas have been described as an inflammatory granulomatous response when silicone/mineral oil is injected for cosmetic purposes. These sclerosing granulomas can lead to hypercalcemia. Here we present a 33‐year‐old man with hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, progressively worsening fatigue, severe proximal muscle weakness, and depression. He had an athletic build with increased muscle bulk and several areas of indurated, nontender, firm, well‐circumscribed lesions in the subcutaneous tissue of his anterior pectoralis, triceps, and biceps bilaterally because of injecting himself with silicone/mineral oil‐based product into his muscles. Sclerosing granulomas were diagnosed on the MRI. He had extremely low or undetectable serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and persistently elevated serum levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and calcium. He developed hypophosphatemia associated with elevated levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) and severe proximal muscle weakness. Treatment with systemic steroids, furosemide, calcitonin, ketoconazole, and denosumab resulted in a significant decrease in his serum calcium, but with minimal impact on his hypophosphatemia and fatigue.Correcting his severe vitamin D deficiency with small doses of vitamin D and raising his blood level of 25(OH)D from undetectable to 10 ng/mL without significantly affecting his serum calcium or phosphate was effective in reversing his severe proximal muscle weakness, permitting him to lift his head and to be free of his wheelchair. Although measurement of the 1,25(OH)2D level is not mandatory in all cases of hypercalcemia, it is indicated in a patient who has low serum PTH levels. Clinicians need to be aware that vitamin D deficiency can cause severe proximal muscle weakness such that the patient is unable to lift his head from his chest or ambulate. This may lead to a psychiatric disorder misdiagnosis. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Parathyroid Hormone Shifts Cell Fate of a Leptin Receptor-Marked Stromal Population from Adipogenic to Osteoblastic Lineage
Authors: Yang Mengyu , Arai Atsushi , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Zhao Lijuan , Nishida Daisuke , Murakami Kohei , Hiraga Toru , Takao-Kawabata Ryoko , Matsuo Koichi , Komori Toshihisa , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Takahashi Naoyuki , Isogai Yukihiro , Ishizuya Toshinori , Yamaguchi Akira , Mizoguchi Toshihide 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment induces bone anabolic effects that result in the recovery of osteoporotic bone loss. Human PTH is usually given to osteoporotic patients because it induces osteoblastogenesis. However, the mechanism by which PTH stimulates the expansion of stromal cell populations and their maturation toward the osteoblastic cell lineage has not be elucidated. Mouse genetic lineage tracing revealed that iPTH treatment induced osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs), which carried the leptin receptor (LepR)-Cre. Although these findings suggested that part of the PTH-induced bone anabolic action is exerted because of osteoblastic commitment of MSPCs, little is known about the in vivo mechanistic details of these processes. Here, we showed that LepR+MSPCs differentiated into type I collagen (Col1)+ mature osteoblasts in response to iPTH treatment. Along with osteoblastogenesis, the number of Col1+ mature osteoblasts increased around the bone surface, although most of them were characterized as quiescent cells. However, the number of LepR-Cre-marked lineage cells in a proliferative state also increased in the vicinity of bone tissue after iPTH treatment. The expression levels of SP7/osterix (Osx) and Col1, which are markers for osteoblasts, were also increased in the LepR+MSPCs population in response to iPTH treatment. In contrast, the expression levels of Cebpb, Pparg, and Zfp467, which are adipocyte markers, decreased in this population. Consistent with these results, iPTH treatment inhibited 5-fluorouracil- or ovariectomy (OVX)-induced LepR+MSPC-derived adipogenesis in BM and increased LepR+MSPC-derived osteoblasts, even under the adipocyte-induced conditions. Treatment of OVX rats with iPTH significantly affected the osteoporotic bone tissue and expansion of the BM adipose tissue. These results indicated that iPTH treatment induced transient proliferation of the LepR+MSPCs and skewed their lineage differentiation from adipocytes toward osteoblasts, resulting in an expanded, quiescent, and mature osteoblast population. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Expression of a Degradation-Resistant β-Catenin Mutant in Osteocytes Protects the Skeleton From Mechanodeprivation-Induced Bone Wasting
Authors: Bullock Whitney A , Hoggatt April M , Horan Daniel J , Lewis Karl J , Yokota Hiroki , Hann Steven , Warman Matthew L , Sebastian Aimy , Loots Gabriela G , Pavalko Fredrick M , Robling Alexander G 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Mechanical stimulation is a key regulator of bone mass, maintenance, and turnover. Wnt signaling is a key regulator of mechanotransduction in bone, but the role of β-catenin—an intracellular signaling node in the canonical Wnt pathway—in disuse mechanotransduction is not defined. Using the β-catenin exon 3 flox (constitutively active [CA]) mouse model, in conjunction with a tamoxifen-inducible, osteocyte-selective Cre driver, we evaluated the effects of degradation-resistant β-catenin on bone properties during disuse. We hypothesized that if β-catenin plays an important role in Wnt-mediated osteoprotection, then artificial stabilization of β-catenin in osteocytes would protect the limbs from disuse-induced bone wasting. Two disuse models were tested: tail suspension, which models fluid shift, and botulinum-toxin (botox)-induced muscle paralysis, which models loss of muscle force. Tail suspension was associated with a significant loss of tibial bone mass and density, reduced architectural properties, and decreased bone formation indices in uninduced (control) mice, as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-computed tomography (µCT), and histomorphometry. Activation of the βcatCA allele in tail-suspended mice resulted in little to no change in those properties; ie, these mice were protected from bone loss. Similar protective effects were observed among botox-treated mice when the βcatCA was activated. RNAseq analysis of altered gene regulation in tail-suspended mice yielded 35 genes, including Wnt11, Gli1, Nell1, Gdf5, and Pgf, which were significantly differentially regulated between tail-suspended β-catenin stabilized mice and tail-suspended nonstabilized mice. Our findings indicate that selectively targeting/blocking of β-catenin degradation in bone cells could have therapeutic implications in mechanically induced bone disease. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Silencing interleukin 1α underlies a novel inhibitory role of miR‐181c‐5p in alleviating low‐grade inflammation of rats with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ji Li‐Jiang , Li Fang , Zhao Ping , Weng Li‐Ping , Wei Jun  , Yan Jing , Liu Li‐Na 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of unknown etiology. Studies have found a close relation between IBS and microRNAs (miRNAs), but the study concerning the relationship between IBS and miR‐181c‐5p in IBS is still blank. Thus, this study aims to explore the role of miR‐181c‐5p in IBS via interleukin 1α (IL1A). Initially, microarray analysis was used to retrieve the genes related to IBS and to predict miRNAs regulating IL1A gene. IBS model was then established with abdominal withdraw reflection (AWR) and Bristol stool grading in mice measured. Afterwards, the functional role of miR‐181c‐5p in IBS was determined using the ectopic expression, depletion and reporter assay experiments, as well as miR‐181c‐5p and IL1A expression detected. Subsequently, expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), and IL‐6 were detected to further determine the effects of miR‐181c‐5p and IL1A on inflammation in IBS. miR‐181c‐5p and IL1A might be involved in IBS. miR‐181c‐5p was found to be decreased while IL1A was increased in IBS rats. In addition, miR‐181c‐5p could target and inhibit expression of IL1A, and IBS mice exhibited elevated AWR and Bristol stool grading, namely 6 to 7 points (70.4 [38 of 54]). Moreover, with the overexpression of miR‐181c‐5p or silencing of IL1A, the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐6 was decreased. Collectively, this study suggested that overexpressed miR‐181c‐5p could silence IL1A, thus inhibiting low‐grade inflammation in IBS rats. miR‐181c‐5p/IL1A is expected to serve as a novel target for the treatment of IBS.