bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unequal spirit of the Protestant Reformation: particularism and wealth distribution in early modern Germany
Authors: Schaff Felix S. F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper assesses the impact of the Protestant Reformation on wealth distribution and inequality in confessionally divided Germany, between 1400 and 1800. The Reformation expanded social welfare, but provided it in a particularistic way to “deserving" poor and natives only. This gave Protestantism an ambiguous character in terms of redistribution and its impact on inequality. I develop a theoretical framework of this trade-off between welfare expansion and particularistic provision, and test its implications empirically, using a difference-in-differences and an instrumental variable strategy. In line with the theoretical framework, the analysis documents that the Reformation exacerbated inequality overall by making marginal poor people relatively poorer. This increase in inequality was driven by the introduction of new particularistic poor relief policies in Protestant communities. Economic growth was unlikely to be large enough to compensate poor strata for their losses. Protestantism emerges as an underappreciated driver of preindustrial inequality, long before the onset of industrialisation and modern economic growth.
Associations between Psychosocial Working Conditions and Work-Specific Self-Efficacy Beliefs Among Employees Receiving Psychotherapeutic Consultation at Work
Authors: Weber Jeannette , Hansmann Marieke , Heming Meike , Herold Regina , Erim Yesim , Hander Nicole , Rothermund Eva , Mulfinger Nadine , Kröger Christoph , Feißt Manuel , Brezinski Jolanda , Kohl Fiona , Angerer Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
By considering work-related aspects during early intervention and treatment of employees with (subclinical) symptoms of common mental disorders, psychotherapeutic consultation at work (PT-W) aims to increase work-specific self-efficacy (SE) to finally reduce sickness absence and contribute to successful return to work. This study, thus, aims to investigate interrelations between working conditions and work-specific SE among employees before receiving PT-W.

Methods
The study uses baseline data of a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of PT-W in Germany (n = 535). Working conditions were assessed by six scales of the validated Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). SE was assessed by the validated general short occupational self-efficacy (OSE) scale and return-to-work self-efficacy (RTW-SE) scale, two specific forms of self-efficacy. Multiple linear regression models were calculated using working conditions as independent and self-efficacy as dependent variables. Interactions between working conditions and age, gender and current extent of work were added to those models.

Results
Results suggest that quantitative job demands are negatively and development opportunities are positively related to OSE and RTW-SE. Age did not moderate those relationships. The association between development opportunities and OSE was stronger among employees indicating working less number of hours than specified in their contract compared to employees indicating working their full contract hours. Furthermore, interactions with gender were found with social support being only (positively) associated with OSE among male and decision authority being only (positively) associated with OSE among female employees.

Conclusions
The associations between working conditions and work-specific SE support the usefulness of addressing potential reciprocal relationships between those two variables during PT-W to improve mental health of employees.
Trial registration number: Registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS) at 01.03.2021—DRKS00023049.
The creation of academic spin-offs: University-Business Collaboration matters
Authors: Davey Todd , Martínez-Martínez Sofía Louise , Ventura Rafael , Galán-Muros Victoria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn discussions about Entrepreneurial Universities, it is essential to recognize that academics are at its heart and almost certainly the most important protagonists, particularly those who engage in academic spin-off creation (ASOs). However, understanding their entrepreneurial behavior is still limited, as is the connection to other important activities, such as University-Business Collaboration (UBC). Literature suggests that ASOs creation is conditioned by a great number of factors, but prior studies are limited in their approach and do not include the effect of the participation in other collaborative activities with the industry. This gap is addressed by unlocking spin-off creation from a multidisciplinary approach, integrating both psychological and sociological antecedents, as well as considering the influence of UBC in a much-needed international context. With data from a sample of 2,188 academics from 33 European countries, eleven hypotheses are tested using a structural equation model – The UBC-ASOs Model. Results show the relevance of the three UBC dimensions considered (attitude towards UBC, cultural support for UBC and UBC self-efficacy) for ASOS creation, as well as the effect of the cultural aspect in the psychological domain. Motivations are defined as drivers of UBC, while academics’ social capital enhances their cultural support for UBC but does not influence their attitude towards UBC or their UBC self-efficacy. The central role of UBC reveals the importance of re-thinking academic entrepreneurship research from the broader perspective of collaboration, while having valuable policy and managerial implications and providing key insights on how to develop Entrepreneurial Universities.
Changes in Child Health Care, Health, and Caregiver Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Autism and Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Rast Jessica E. , Koffer Miller Kaitlin H , Bromberg Jennifer , Ventimiglia Jonas , Anderson Kristy A. , Shea Lindsay L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent mitigation efforts impacted communities in many ways and placed immense strain on the health care system, impacting access to services. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in prevalence of child health care, child health, and caregiver and household health within children with autism and children with special health care needs (CSHCN) pre-pandemic to early pandemic years.

Methods
We examined data from the National Survey of Children’s Health to examine changes in child health care, child health, and caregiver and household health for autistic children and CSHCN from 2018 to 2021.

Results
About one-third of children with autism and CSHCN missed preventive checkups due to the COVID-19 pandemic and half had virtual care in 2021. Parents of children with autism had less help with care coordination in 2020 compared to previous years. In CSHCN prevalence of anxiety increased from 2018/2019 to 2021, with a concurrent increase in need for mental health care, this was not seen in children with autism. Finally, difficulty paying medical bills and for food was less common in 2020 and 2021 (compared to 2018/2019).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the healthcare landscape for everyone, including children with autism and CSHCN as highlighted in this study. Understanding the disruptions and how they impacted populations differently can be helpful in informing plans long-term emergency preparedness. This planning should involve disability inclusive policies, to ensure the most vulnerable groups retain health care access as needed.
Targeted Child Mental Health Prevention and Parenting Support Within a Canadian Context: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the U.S.-Developed Family Check-Up®
Authors: Bennett Teresa , Georgiades Katholiki , Gonzalez Andrea , Janus Magdalena , Lipman Ellen , Pires Paulo , Prime Heather , Duku Eric , Jambon Marc , McLennan John D. , Gross Julie ,   the Making the Race Fair Study Team, Al Balkhi Sofia , Andrews Krysta , Baird Erin , Beatty Annie , Bonomo Amanda , Dovey Meghan , Farooq Aisha , Kang Anne , Pakkal Oya , Sahota Mandy , Vanderkooy Amy , Krbavac Tamara , Burroughsford Angie , Kimber Melissa , Brown Andrea , Boyle M. , Cunningham C. E. , Kates N. , Waddell C. , Dishion Thomas J. , Offord David Dan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCanada lacks an approach to early childhood mental health prevention aimed at decreasing barriers to care among highest-needs families. In this Canadian randomized controlled trial, we aimed to evaluate whether participation in the Family Check-Up® (FCU®) would be associated with lower severity of child behavior problems (primary outcome) and caregiver psychological distress and daily parenting stress (secondary outcomes). Eligible caregivers of children aged 2–4 years with (i) high severity of behavior problems and/or (ii) above-average severity plus ≥ 1 family psychosocial risk factor were recruited from early education, community, and clinical settings in Hamilton, Ontario. Randomization: either the FCU® or a community comparison arm (206 analyzed of 207 enrolled). Caregiver reports on their child’s behavior problems (primary outcome, Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Problems Scale), caregiver psychological distress, and daily parenting stress (secondary) were obtained 12 months after study enrolment, and rates of change were modeled over 0, 6, and 12 months. FCU® participants reported lower child behavior problem severity scores 12 months post-enrolment than did community comparison participants (d = 0.38, p < 0.01). Caregiver psychological distress (d = 0.17, p = 0.3) and parenting stress (d = .05, p = 0.8) did not differ significantly between arms. FCU® participants reported improvements in the severity of child behavior problems, relative to a community comparison group, but not in caregiver distress or parenting stress at 12 months. Positive results for primary outcome indicate the FCU’s® promise as an effective child mental health prevention program in Canada. Further evaluation of intensified caregiver mental health supports may be warranted. Trial registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT02800603).
Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with paediatric acquired brain injury: Secondary data analysis from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sargénius Hanna Lovise , Rø Torstein Baade , Hypher Ruth Elizabeth , Brandt Anne Elisabeth , Andersson Stein , Finnanger Torun Gangaune , Risnes Kari , Stubberud Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the characteristic quality of health profiles of children with paediatric acquired brain injury (pABI), and to investigate whether improvement in executive function (EF) following cognitive rehabilitation is associated with improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Method
A study of secondary endpoints in a blinded, parallel-randomised controlled trial with children (ages 10–17 years) with pABI and executive dysfunction. Data was obtained from 73 children-parent dyads. Explorative analyses were conducted comparing baseline with 8-week post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up data. Outcome measures included the EQ-5D-Y-3L health dimensions and the visual analogue scale (VAS).

Results
At baseline and 6-month follow-up, mean (SD) VAS were 76.22 (17.98) and 79.49 (19.82) on the parent-report, and 77.19 (16.63) and 79.09 (17.91) on the self-report, respectively. Comparing children who improved EF to those who did not improve/worsened, no significant improvement was found for the VAS (parent-report) over time (BRIEF-BRI: F = 2.19, p = 0.12, BRIEF-MI: F = 2.23, p = 0.12) for either group. A significant main effect by group was found for BRIEF-MI (F = 4.02, p = 0.049), but no time*group interaction (F = 0.414, p = 0.662).

Conclusion
The children and their parents reported only minor problems across EQ-5D-Y-3L dimensions and evaluated overall health as relatively good. Participants with a clinically significant change in the metacognitive aspect of EF had higher HRQOL. Cognitive interventions aiming to ameliorate deficits in EF in pABI may be beneficial to improve HRQOL.
Monothematic delusions are misfunctioning beliefs
Authors: Sullivan-Bissett Ema 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Monothematic delusions are bizarre beliefs which are often accompanied by highly anomalous experiences. For philosophers and psychologists attracted to the exploration of mental phenomena in an evolutionary framework, these beliefs represent—notwithstanding their rarity—a puzzle. A natural idea concerning the biology of belief is that our beliefs, in concert with relevant desires, help us to navigate our environments, and so, in broad terms, an evolutionary story of human belief formation will likely insist on a function of truth (true beliefs tend to lead to successful action). Monothematic delusions are systematically false and often harmful to the proper functioning of the agent and the navigation of their environment. So what are we to say? A compelling thought is that delusions are malfunctioning beliefs. Compelling though it may be, I argue against this view on the grounds that it does not pay due attention to the circumstances in which monothematic delusions are formed, and fails to establish doxastic malfunction. I argue instead that monothematic delusions are misfunctioning beliefs, that is, the result of mechanisms of belief formation operating in historically abnormal conditions. Monothematic delusions may take their place alongside a host of other strange beliefs formed in difficult epistemic conditions, but for which no underlying doxastic malfunction is in play.
Metabolic profiling of the synthetic cannabinoid APP-CHMINACA (PX-3) as studied by in vitro and in vivo models
Authors: Camuto Cristian , De- Giorgio Fabio , Corli Giorgia , Bilel Sabrine , Mazzarino Monica , Marti Matteo , Botrè Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The metabolic pathways of APP-CHMINACA were characterized to select the markers of intake for implementation into analytical assays used by the clinical and forensic communities. We have combined the evidences obtained by both in vitro experiments and administration studies on mice.

Methods
APP-CHMINACA was incubated with either human or mouse liver microsomes. Urine and blood samples were collected at different time points from mice after injection of a 3 mg/kg dose of the test compound. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
The in vitro studies allowed to isolate eight different metabolic reactions, formed by two metabolic routes, with no differences between human and mouse liver microsomes. The main biotransformation route involved the hydrolysis of the distal amide group and the subsequent hydroxylation on the cyclohexyl-methyl ring. The second route involved multiple hydroxylation of the parent compound, followed by reduction to generate minor metabolites. In blood samples, the most abundant substances identified were APP-CHMINACA unchanged and the metabolites formed by the hydrolysis of the distal amide together with its hydroxylated products. In urine samples, four metabolites formed following the hydroxylation of the distal amide hydrolysis metabolite were detected as the most abundant and long-term metabolites.

Conclusions
The outcomes of our study showed that the most suitable markers to detect the intake of APP-CHMINACA in blood and urine samples in the framework of toxicological, clinical and forensic investigations were the metabolite formed by the hydrolysis of the distal amide and its hydroxylated products.
Temporary instructor presence in lecture slides does not enhance online learning
Authors: Kühl Tim , Teske Felicia , Merkt Martin , Sondermann Christina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe empirical evidence concerning the question whether an instructor should be presented on online lecture slides is equivocal and two lines of theoretical reasoning exist. On the one hand, the instructor may distract from the content, thereby hampering learning; on the other hand, the instructor may function as a social cue that triggers a more active processing of the content, thereby fostering learning. These potential drawbacks and advantages of instructor presence might cancel each other out. We investigated whether the drawbacks can be diminished while maintaining the potential advantages, thereby improving learning with online lecture slides, when the instructor is only temporarily presented at slides where hardly any content is provided. In two experiments (N = 126; N = 219), participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (“temporarily present” vs. “permanently present” vs. “never present”). Learning outcomes of retention and transfer, as well as subjective measures of cognitive load and social presence served as dependent variables. Overall, the results of these experiments showed no differences for the assessed dependent variables. Thus, other than expected, this study did not support the new idea that temporary instructor presence might be especially beneficial in online learning. Nevertheless, it may be premature to reject the idea of temporary instructor presence; rather, it should be further researched.
Arm und krank? Sozialbedingte gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten bei Studierenden
Authors: Renz Silvan , Neuderth Silke , Kneer Katharina 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Geringe finanzielle Mittel bzw. ein niedriger sozioökonomischer Status stehen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einer höheren Morbidität und Mortalität in Zusammenhang. Studierende verfügen i. Allg. über geringe finanzielle Mittel und neigen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung zu einer schlechteren Einschätzung ihrer Gesundheit; zudem zeigen sie häufig gesundheitsrelevante Risikoverhaltensweisen.

Ziel
Es sollen mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen sozioökonomischen Variablen und der Gesundheit sowie dem Gesundheitsverhalten Studierender an der Technischen Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt (THWS) beschrieben werden, um hieraus Schlussfolgerungen für das studentische Gesundheitsmanagement zu ziehen.

Methode
In Form einer querschnittlichen Online-Fragebogenstudie, wurden Studierende der Technischen Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt (N = 238) zu Gesundheit, Gesundheitsverhalten und sozioökonomischer Situation befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte über deskriptive Statistiken und Regressionsanalysen.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten sowohl positive wie auch negative Zusammenhänge zwischen sozioökonomischen Variablen und der subjektiven Gesundheit sowie gesundheitsrelevanten Risikoverhaltensweisen ermittelt werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Es ist von sozialbedingten gesundheitlichen Ungleichheiten unter den befragten Studierenden auszugehen. Insbesondere verschuldete Studierende, Studierende, die ihr Einkommen als unzureichend wahrnehmen und Studierende mit niedrigem subjektiven Sozialstatus sollten als potenzielle Risikogruppen über das Studentische Gesundheitsmanagement (SGM) gezielt adressiert werden.
Impact of Concomitant Tonsillectomy on the Management and Outcomes of Pediatric Adenoidectomy
Authors: Patel Aman M. , Revercomb Lucy , Shaari Ariana L. , Shah Vraj P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdenoidectomy is a common otolaryngologic procedure that may be performed with concomitant tonsillectomy (T&A). This study investigates differences between pediatric inpatients undergoing adenoidectomy alone and T&A. The 2016 Kid’s Inpatient Database was used to identify pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy (ICD-10: 0CTQXZZ) with and without tonsillectomy (ICD-10: 0CTP, 0CBP). Common comorbidities, postoperative complications, and procedures undergone were identified via ICD-10 codes. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to determine statistical associations with tonsillectomy status. Of the 5,540 inpatients who met inclusion criteria, the majority underwent T&A (88.9%). Mean patient age was 4.9 years. On multivariable analysis adjusting for patient demographics, hospital data, and severity of illness, T&A patients had similar total charges ($35,442 vs. $48,577, p = 0.880), length of stay (LOS) (2.5 vs. 3.9 days, p = 0.070), and number of procedures undergone (3.3 vs. 3.8 procedures, p = 0.884) as adenoidectomy alone patients. T&A patients had lower odds for undergoing ear, nose, sinus, mouth, or throat inspection (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75) and drainage (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.46–0.68), bronchoscopy (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.44–0.75), laryngoscopy (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49–0.83), and imaging (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32–0.996) than adenoidectomy alone patients (p < 0.05). T&A patients had higher odds for undergoing control of bleeding in the head and neck (OR 8.09, 95% CI 1.49–43.91, p < 0.001). Odds for undergoing ear, nose, sinus, mouth, or throat inspection and drainage, bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, imaging, and control of bleeding in the head and neck varied by tonsillectomy status.
Starshaped Compact Hypersurfaces in Warped Product Manifolds II: A Class of Hessian Type Equations
Authors: Wang Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this note, we prove the existence of one particular class of starshaped compact hypersurfaces, by deriving global curvature estimates for such hypersurfaces; this generalizes a recent result on this problem from the Euclidean space to Riemannian warped products. Moreover, we show that interior second order a priori estimates for admissible solutions to the associated fully nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations can be readily established by similar arguments.
Entschlüsselung eines neuen Austrittswegs von Chlamydien
Authors: Scholz Jana , Heuer Dagmar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChlamydia spp. are pathogenic bacteria sharing an obligate intracellular cycle of development including host cell invasion, intracellular replication and egress. In the past, egress of Chlamydia spp. was described to be either lytic or non-lytic extrusion formation. Recently, we characterized an additional novel non-lytic egress pathway: Chlamydia-containing sphere formation. It is the predominant egress type for C. psittaci and the predominant non-lytic egress type for C. trachomatis, underlining its relevance for Chlamydia biology.
Preteen Suicidal Ideation and Adolescent Academic Well-Being Among Child Welfare-involved Youth
Authors: Anderson Nathaniel W. , Hassler Gabriel W. , Ohana Elie , Griffin Beth Ann , Sheftall Arielle H. , Ayer Lynsay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Youth involved in the U.S. child welfare system (CWS) are at risk for mental health problems, including suicidal ideation (SI). However, the relationship between preteen suicidal ideation and academic outcomes has not been considered.

Methods
This study uses data from two nationally representative longitudinal surveys of CWS-involved youth to examine the association between preteen suicidal ideation (ages 7–11) and subsequent academic well-being (ages 12–17) among CWS-involved youth in the United States. Suicidal ideation was assessed using a single self-report item. Academic well-being was assessed through a number of constructs related to young people’s ability to thrive in the present and future, including school engagement, academic achievement, and expectations of what their lives would look like in adulthood. Linear regression models with person-level random effects were estimated.

Results
Findings indicate CWS-involved youth with a history of preteen suicidal ideation performed worse across all measures of adolescent academic well-being compared to their peers without a history of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions
These findings, though associational, have potentially broad implications for understanding how early life suicidal ideation may impede CWS-involved youths’ ability to thrive academically.