bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of an Online Mentoring Program for Final Professional MBBS Students
Authors: Verma Niket , Badyal Dinesh K. , Aggarwal Navita , Modi Jyoti Nath , Sethi Sujata 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Mentoring helps in the personal and professional development of mentees and helps them develop self-confidence in their work. Final-year undergraduate medical students face many challenges but they also have to gain the confidence to start working independently and plan their careers in the near future. In the coronavirus disease scenario, many of these challenges were amplified, and final-year students were in greater need of mentoring. Even though mentoring had been introduced under the new curriculum in 2019, formal online mentoring programs were nonexistent in most Indian medical colleges. Therefore, it was aimed to implement and evaluate an online mentoring program for final-year undergraduate medical students.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted with 16 mentees allotted to the principal researcher. A needs assessment survey was conducted before finalizing the program. A mentoring module was designed, and subsequently, five rounds of individual mentoring sessions were conducted on “Google Meets.” Feedback was obtained from the mentees and analyzed.

Results:
Most mentees (93.8%) agreed that an online mentoring program should be introduced. The mentees were satisfied with the online mentoring program (5-point Likert Scale; median = 4) and felt that they had received motivation and gained confidence to overcome challenges. The majority of the respondents (80%) felt supported during mentoring, whereas 86.67% agreed that they were able to harness their positive attributes and started working toward their goals.

Conclusions:
The online mentorship program was successful in improving the confidence of the medical students in dealing with academic and nonacademic issues.
Experiential Learning of Active Learning Strategies in Mentor Learner Web-based Discussions: A Perceptions Study
Authors: Chauhan Archana , Begum Jarina , Lavanya K. M , Gupta Anju , Ghosh Sujata , Kulkarni Supriya 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Active learning strategies (ALSs) in medical education are valued for their effectiveness but face adoption challenges among educators, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of their implementation and impact.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to investigate the perceptions of medical educators regarding the effectiveness and challenges of ALS through mentor–learner (ML) web-based discussions.

Settings and Design:
The retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed data from 32 medical educators enrolled in the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education Research course at Christian Medical College, Ludhiana. It utilized a mixed-method approach, gathering both quantitative and qualitative data through ML web discussions.

Materials and Methods:
The study used a “dual-method” approach, combining traditional online discussions with a “role-reversal” method on an ML web platform, promoting experiential learning. Participant responses on ALS implementation tasks were collected and analyzed within these discussions.

Results:
Participants shared various ALS for collaborative learning (20), classroom engagement (26), assessing prior knowledge (12), and note-taking during lectures (10). Further, among the 11 ALS examined, the ease of implementation varied significantly among participants (P < 0.0001). Challenges in ALS implementation included inadequate faculty training (91%), motivation (84%), resource constraints (81%), student (75%), and administrative resistance (69%). Four themes emerged as recommendations for effective ALS implementation: empowering educators, engaging students, streamlining support systems, and monitoring impact.

Conclusion:
The study highlights a mixed perspective of medical educators on ALS. Although ALS was perceived as effective in fostering critical thinking and developing collaborative learning among students, various challenges, such as a lack of skilled faculty and resources, necessitated robust faculty development initiatives.
Effectiveness of Communication Board on Level of Satisfaction among Mechanically Ventilated Patients at Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Sidhu Shilpa , Kaur Kiranpreet , Kaur Akashpreet , Charan Gopal Singh , Kaur Maninderjit 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Critical care nurses are crucial in managing critical patients, facing challenges with advanced technology, alarms, ventilators, and multiple laboratory investigations. They must effectively communicate and manage patients on mechanical ventilation (MV), a lifesaving intervention for those needing oxygenation and ventilation support to ensure patient satisfaction.

Materials and Methods:
The study employed a quasi-experimental design with 80 mechanically ventilated patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using demographic and clinical pro forma and a predesigned four-point Likert satisfaction scale comprised 14 items. The intervention group utilized a communication board, while the conventional group received routine care. The aim was to evaluate satisfaction levels in both groups, followed by a posttest on the 5th day using the same instrument.

Results:
The pretest revealed mean satisfaction scores of 32.47 ± 6.48 and 33.95 ± 6.41 for the intervention and conventional groups, respectively, with a mean difference of 1.47, considered statistically nonsignificant (t
78 = 1.023, P = 0.310). Conversely, posttest scores showed 37.85 ± 8.23 and 34.32 ± 6.18 for the intervention and conventional groups, respectively, with a mean difference of 3.53, indicating statistical significance (t
78 = 2.164, P = 0.034). Hence, the communication board intervention significantly enhanced satisfaction scores among mechanically ventilated patients, underscoring its positive impact on nursing care in terms of patients’ satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Effective communication is crucial in intensive care unit patient care, especially for those unable to speak due to MV. Utilizing communication boards significantly enhances patient satisfaction, highlighting the need for ongoing innovation in critical care nursing.
Artificial urinary sphincters in women: Current status and future directions
Authors: Basto Marnique , Tse Vincent , Fong Eva , Chung Amanda 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is common in older women and has a significant impact on quality of life. With a global aging population, there will be an increased psychological and socio-economic burden for patients and society in the years to come. While mid-urethral slings are the gold standard for moderate-to-severe SUI in women, there is an evolving indication for implantation of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in women for intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), particularly in the case of sling failure. It may also be considered for women with severe ISD and concurrent detrusor underactivity (DU), especially in the context of the current aging population.
For the last 40 years, the AMS-800 (American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, MN, USA) has been the dominant AUS device worldwide; however, other AUS devices have also become available in recent years. Further, the robotic surgical approach has emerged for AUS placement in women over the last decade and appears to offer improved dexterity and vision to perform difficult dissection and reconstruction, potentially reducing intraoperative complications and improving postoperative recovery. Early studies show that the robotic-assisted approach provides at least equivalent mid-term outcomes to open and laparoscopic approaches. In this paper, we review the use of AUS in women, including its evolution, indications, surgical techniques, and mid- to long-term outcomes.
Dorsolateral fibromuscular tissue preservation during artificial urinary sphincter placement: Technique description and review
Authors: Khan Aleem I. , Mansour Mazen , Sandhu Jaspreet , Ajay Divya , Cheung Felix 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The artificial urinary sphincter AMS800 is considered the gold standard for the treatment of non-neurogenic stress urinary incontinence in men following prostate cancer treatment. While optimizing patient risk factors and device modifications have been helpful, the surgical technique remains the cornerstone in establishing excellent patient outcomes. Meticulous intraoperative tissue handling and dissection are the key to the successful placement of the device. Our center has used the same technique for the past 10 years with a low complication rate. In this article, we will describe our surgical approach.
The use of artificial urinary sphincters in children
Authors: Siqueira Isabela Ribeiro , Santos Emanoel Nascimento , Barroso Ubirajara 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Urinary incontinence in children with neurogenic disorders and congenital malformations of the lower urinary tract is a challenging condition that significantly impacts their quality of life. The use of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been explored as a relevant therapeutic approach in pediatric urology, aiming to achieve urinary continence and preserve upper urinary tract function. This study aims to review the existing literature on the use of the AUS in children, addressing indications, surgical techniques, outcomes, and complications associated with these devices. Seventeen selected articles were analyzed, highlighting the efficacy and safety of these devices, emphasizing the ongoing need for research to improve clinical practice in this area and enhance the quality of life of pediatric patients. The use of the AUS is a promising method for treating urinary incontinence in children, especially in cases of neurogenic bladder disorders, contributing to long-term continence and preservation of voluntary urination. Furthermore, studies are needed to advance knowledge and clinical practice of this surgical technique in children.
Uncommon culprit: Primary bladder neck obstruction as a rare cause of renal failure in young adult males
Authors: Sharma Girraj P. , Shekar P. Ashwin , Patel Hardik 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Lower urinary tract obstruction leading to renal failure is well known in urological practice, with causes varying across age groups. Despite extensive evaluation, some patients lack an identifiable anatomical cause of obstruction. In such cases, videourodynamics may reveal functional bladder neck obstruction as the cause of lower urinary tract obstruction and renal failure. We report a 22-year-old male with voiding complaints and recurrent febrile urinary tract infections since childhood. He had undergone pyeloplasty in childhood and had severely altered renal function (chronic kidney disease stage IIIB). Upon evaluation, he was diagnosed with primary bladder neck obstruction and underwent bilateral bladder neck incision. Postoperatively, he voided well, and his renal function remained stable.
Ambulatory buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty in geriatric population: A practice change experience
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Shabana Waleed , Kotb Ahmed , Zakaria Ahmed , Elmansy Hazem , Prowse Owen , Alkandari Abdulrahman , Shahrour Walid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Due to the overwhelming burden of coronavirus disease 2019, buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty in the elderly has been shifted from inpatient to ambulatory at our center in early 2020.

Aim:
This study aims to describe our experience with ambulatory BMG urethroplasty in the elderly and compare its feasibility and safety to inpatient urethroplasty before and after the practice change.

Setting and Design:
A pre and postpractice change retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 years or above with BMG urethroplasty performed at our center between March 2018 and May 2022.

Materials and Methods:
Demographics, clinical characteristics, postoperative course, and complications were compared in ambulatory (discharged within 6 h) versus inpatient BMG urethroplasty groups.

Statistical Analysis:
A pre-and post-practice change retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 or older with BMG urethroplasty performed at our centre between March 2018 and May 2022.

Results:
Of 37 BMG urethroplasties, 15 (40.5%) were inpatient, whereas 22 (59.5%) were ambulatory. Immediate complication rate was comparable in inpatient (2/15, 13.3%) and ambulatory cases (1/22, 4.5%): one wound infection in both groups and one recurrent urinary tract infection in the inpatient group. No oral cavity complications, bleeding/hematoma, or anesthesia-related morbidity were observed. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence (13.3% vs. 9.6%; P = 0.98) and success rates (90.9% vs. 86.7%; P = 0.53) over a median of 53 (inpatient) and 34 (ambulatory) months follow-up.

Conclusions:
Ambulatory BMG urethroplasty, discharge within 6 hours of surgery, appears safe and feasible in geriatric populations (>65), with no increased adverse outcomes. Factors like healthcare access, caregiver availability, and patient education play roles in discharge time. However, more robust studies are warranted for conclusive evidence.
Uncertain reflective functioning, anxious attachment, and cumulative impact of early relational trauma as predictors of severity in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Devi K Dharani , Bhola Poornima , Chandra Prabha S. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The mentalization model of borderline personality disorder (BPD) utilizes a developmental psychopathology lens, emphasizing an unstable or reduced capacity to mentalize—stemming from early attachment disruptions and relational trauma—as the core feature of BPD. While the empirical evidence for the proposed intersections between mentalizing, attachment, and trauma and the development and manifestations of borderline personality is still limited, this knowledge is essential for developing effective assessments and interventions.

Aim:
To examine mentalizing, attachment, and early relational trauma as predictors of the severity of symptoms in BPD.

Materials and Methods:
The sample included 60 individuals diagnosed with BPD, aged 18–45 years, recruited from inpatient and outpatient services in a tertiary care mental health center. Participants completed measures of mentalizing (Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Reading the Mind in the Eyes test), attachment (Attachment Style Questionnaire), early relational trauma (Complex Trauma Questionnaire), and symptom severity (Borderline Symptom List).

Results:
The majority of the participants reported experiences of polyvictimization (93.3%) with the most common traumas being psychological abuse (93.3%), neglect (91.7%), and rejection (90.0%). Regression analyses revealed that uncertain reflective functioning, anxious attachment style, and the cumulative impact of trauma together predicted 53.1% of the variance in BPD symptom severity.

Conclusion:
Impaired mentalizing, characterized by inflexible understanding of mental states, is a critical target for therapeutic interventions in BPD. The significant role of anxious attachment and the necessity of assessing the perceived impact of traumatic experiences highlight the importance of trauma-informed and mentalization-based interventions for this vulnerable group.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Awareness: An Integral Component of Maternal Health
Authors: Singh Apoorva , Singh Jayvardhan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to review the existing literature on awareness of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) with a particular emphasis on studies from India. The review highlights that the awareness of GDM among the general population requires significant attention. It also identifies a low level of understanding regarding the risks and complications associated with these conditions among participants. Notably, there is a scarcity of literature focused on pregnant women and the availability of awareness programs for this group. The review concludes that enhancing knowledge and awareness of GDM is crucial for public health policies and the successful implementation of the National Program for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases
A Unique Government–NGO–Industry Partnership Care Model to Reduce Morbidity and Mortality Among Underprivileged Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in LMIC: A Pilot Study From Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Swaminathan Krishnan , Sopnajothi Suruliappan , Nidharshana Krishnamurthy , Prakash Govindasamy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To pilot a 1-year comprehensive type 1 diabetes mellitus program, assessing outcomes on glycemic control and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) admissions pre- and post-intervention in underprivileged children with type 1 diabetes mellitus from three selected Government Medical College Hospitals across Tamil Nadu state, through a Government–nongovernmental organization (NGO)–Industry partnership.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 214 children were identified through the hospital database. Highly focused diabetes mellitus and insulin education along with analog insulins in penfill cartridges in the basal-bolus regime, high quality 800 memory glucometers with 100 glucose strips per month, ultrafine needles, 24/7 telephone support, and monthly review were supported to all the children. Data on baseline characteristics, pre- and post-intervention glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and DKA admissions were tabulated on Microsoft Excel, and the results were analyzed.

Results:
A 2.4% reduction in HbA1c and more than 90% reductions in DKA admissions were seen post-intervention compared with baseline. This can potentially translate to huge reductions in mortality and cost savings for all stakeholders.

Conclusions:
A combined Government–NGO–Industry partnership is the need of the hour to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus among underprivileged children in India. Our model has the potential to serve as a blueprint for type 1 diabetes mellitus care in low- and middle-income countries.
Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Physical Health, Cardiorespiratory Parameters, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Children With Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Sharma Nidhi , Chahal Aksh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) in children poses significant challenges to their physical health and overall well-being. While aerobic exercise (AE) has been extensively studied in managing DM, its role remains underexplored in the pediatric population. This narrative review aims to systematically evaluate the impact of AE on physical health, cardiorespiratory parameters, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with DM. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on studies examining AE interventions in children with DM. The review assessed the effects on physical health, cardiorespiratory fitness, and HRQoL, utilizing more commonly used HRQoL tools, such as the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). A total of eight studies with 589 participants were included in the review. The mean age of participants was 12.4 ± 2.8 years. Evidence indicates positive influences on cardiorespiratory parameters, including improved endothelial function, increased aerobic capacity, and better blood pressure control. HRQoL assessments reveal improved self-esteem, mood, and overall well-being, attributed to the physical and psychological benefits of regular exercise. AE holds significant potential as an adjunctive therapy to improve physical health, cardiorespiratory parameters, and HRQoL in children with DM. The comprehensive evaluation of social, psychological, and physical effects using HRQoL tools, such as PedsQL, and other factors, such as independent functioning, underscores the importance of integrating AE into diabetes management plans.
Prevalence and Correlates of Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases Among Undergraduates in University of Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Onwasigwe CN , Onwasigwe CR , Anyaehie UB 
Published: October 2024

Background:
There is an increasing prevalence of behavioral risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the youths in low- and middle-income countries. These may later in life lead to chronic diseases with high morbidity, mortality, and undesirable economic impact.

Aim:
To assess and compare the prevalence of major behavioral risk factors of NCDs between medical and non-medical university students in Enugu, Nigeria.

Methods:
A questionnaire-based comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 620 undergraduates of the University of Nigeria using the modified WHO STEPS questionnaire for chronic disease surveillance and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at the significance level of P < 0.05. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict the behavioral risk factors of NCDs.

Results:
The mean age of all the students was 22.5 ± 2.9 years. A greater proportion were females (54.8%). Physical inactivity was the most common behavioral risk factor of NCDs and was more prevalent in the medical students (91.0%) compared to 87.4% in the non-medical students. Overall, 95.0% of all respondents had at least one behavioral risk factor. For the medical students, younger age (AOR = 1.80 CI = 1.00 – 3.22, P = 0.049) and parents’ lower educational level (AOR = 3.49, CI = 1.29 – 9.40, P = 0.014) predicted the presence of risk factors. For the non-medical students, single marital status (AOR = 3.66, CI = 1.20 –11.19, P = 0.022), lower level of study (AOR =2.92, CI = 1.13– 7.57, P = 0.027) and parents’ lower level of education (AOR =6.48, CI = 1.41 – 29.85, P = 0.017) predicted the risk factors of NCDs.

Conclusion:
Behavioral risk factors were highly prevalent in both groups. There is an urgent need to introduce evidence-based intervention to curb the situation.
Clinical Study on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Factors Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Xie P , Sun C , Li Y , Deng Y , Xie C 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by cognitive decline, lacked effective cures. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) factors (MSCFs) offered a new approach by promoting brain tissue repair and modulating immune responses, presenting a promising alternative to AD treatment with minimal risks.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of MSCF on AD and to compare the effects with traditional MSC treatments.

Methods:
Sixty patients were divided into control and observation groups, with 30 cases in each group. The control group were injected intravenously with 10 mL of MSCs (5.0 × 109 L-1) plus 100 mL normal saline (once every 5 days for six consecutive treatments). The observation group received intramuscular injections of 0.5 mL (1 mL for the first dose) of MSCF (every other day for 15 consecutive treatments). Amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and Tau protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were determined by ELISA pretreatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months’ post-treatment. The Clinical Dementia Rating of AD patients was recorded at these intervals to evaluate treatment efficacy.

Results:
Aβ42 levels increased, and Tau protein levels decreased in both groups. The CDR score dropped post treatment. The total effective rate and clinical cure rate were 86.67% and 6.70% in the control group and 100% and 40% in the observation group, respectively. MSCF and MSCs uniquely impact AD.

Conclusion:
MSCs contributed to damaged nerve cell repair, new nerve cell differentiation, and the participation of some dormant nerve cells in physiological activity. MSCF offered a small-dose, rapid, and safe treatment with simple operation.