bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do home pregnancy tests bring women to community health workers for antenatal care counselling? A randomized controlled trial in Madagascar
Authors: Comfort Alison B , Juras Randall C , Bradley Sarah E K , Ranjalahy Rasolofomanana Justin , Noeliarivelo Ranjalahy Anja , Harper Cynthia C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Task-shifting the provision of pregnancy tests to community health workers (CHWs) in low-resource settings has the potential to reach significantly more underserved women at risk of pregnancy with essential reproductive health services. This study assessed whether an intervention to supply CHWs with home pregnancy tests brought more clients for antenatal care (ANC) counselling. We implemented a randomized controlled trial among CHWs providing reproductive health services to women in Eastern Madagascar. We used ordinary least squares regressions to estimate the effect of the intervention, with district- and month-fixed effects and CHW baseline characteristics as control variables. Our outcomes of interest included whether the intervention increased: (1) the number of women at risk of pregnancy who sought services from CHWs; (2) the number of these women who knew they were pregnant by the end of visit; and (3) the number of these women who received ANC counselling during visit. We found that providing pregnancy tests to CHWs to distribute to their clients for free significantly increased the number of women at risk of pregnancy who sought services from CHWs. At follow-up, treatment-group CHWs provided services to 6.3 clients compared with 4.2 clients among control-group CHWs, which represents a 50% relative increase from the control-group mean. A significantly higher number of these clients knew they were pregnant by the end of the visit, with a mean of 0.95 in treatment compared with 0.10 in control (Coeff. 0.86; 95% CI 0.59–1.13). A significantly higher number of these clients received antenatal counselling at the visit (Coeff. 0.4; 95% CI 0.14–0.64). Introducing free home pregnancy tests as part of community-based health services can improve pregnancy care by attracting more clients at risk of pregnancy to services at the community level, enabling more women to confirm they are pregnant and receive antenatal counselling.
The disciplined sea: a history of maritime security and zonation
Authors: Ryan Barry J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article details the evolution of maritime security from the perspective of its impact on the historical architecture of sea space. It argues that, as the fundamental unit of governance, zoning provides keen insight into the mechanics of maritime security. The article observes that Britain's Hovering Acts in the late eighteenth century represent the earliest example of modern zonation at sea and that they exhibit a shift from early modern territorial claims based on imperium and dominium. The article explores the way these hovering zones shaped the rationale underlying contemporary maritime security. It finds that maritime security has effectively relegated national security to a minor spatial belt of state power, while elevating non-traditional understandings of security to the level of global existential threat. The future of maritime security is under construction. Increasingly segmented by interconnecting, overlapping, multi-functional zones that seek to regulate all free movement and usage of the sea, security developments are reorganizing the maritime sphere. Nonetheless, the article argues, despite the novelty of this development, a historical military logic persists in new formations of security-oriented practices of maritime governance.
Paternal antidepressant use as a negative control for maternal use: assessing familial confounding on gestational length and anxiety traits in offspring
Authors: Cohen Jacqueline M , Wood Mollie E , Hernández-Díaz Sonia , Ystrom Eivind , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Maternal antidepressant use in pregnancy has been associated with both shorter gestational length and child anxiety. We employed paternal antidepressant use as a negative-control exposure to indirectly assess whether confounding by genetic or shared familial environmental factors associated with depression may explain these associations.

Methods
The study sample came from the population-based Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) that recruited participants from 1999 to 2008. We included 70 959 families where the father completed a questionnaire about medication use in the 6 months prior to pregnancy. In 42 511 infants who completed the 3-year follow-up, we computed Z-scores for the anxiety domain of the Child Behavior Checklist. We used linear and logistic regression to assess the association between paternal antidepressant use, gestational age at birth and child anxiety.

Results
Antidepressants were used by 1.1% (n = 755) of fathers. Paternal antidepressant use was not associated with gestational age at birth [β = 0.63 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) –1.56, 0.31] whereas it was positively associated with a child anxiety symptom Z-score and high anxiety symptoms (odds ratio 1.33, 95% CI 0.90, 1.97) in unadjusted analyses. This association was attenuated when controlling for maternal and paternal history of depression and other measured factors (odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 0.76, 1.69).

Conclusions
These results support the suggested effect of maternal use of antidepressants in pregnancy on shorter gestation; however, they suggest familial confounding could explain the association between maternal use of antidepressants and anxiety traits in the offspring.
Modeling and simulation of a small-scale solar-powered absorption cooling system in three cities with a tropical climate
Authors: Boero Andrea , Agyenim Francis 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study assessed through numerical simulations, the technical feasibility of a solar-powered absorption cooling system for a small-scale application in an office building in three different cities with a tropical climate in Ecuador. The model and simulations were performed using the dynamic transient software TRNSYS and were compared and validated using experimental data obtained from a real-life system with main components: 12 m2 vacuum tube solar thermal collector array, a 4.5 kW LiBr/H2O single-effect absorption chiller, a 6 kW fan coil and a 100 l sensible cold store. The results of the simulation showed a good agreement with the experimental data with a deviation of 8.5%.
The validated model was used to undertake a parametric study to determine capacities of systems that will be applicable to three Ecuadorian cities: Guayaquil, Manta and San Cristobal. The system capacity predicted by the model for the Ecuadorian cities has the following components: 24 m2 evacuated tube collector field, a 20 kW heat exchanger, a 15 kW single-stage LiBr/H2O absorption chiller, a 35 kW cooling tower and a cold storage tank of 2 m3. The results showed that the proposed system could meet most of the required cooling load (90% for Guayaquil and San Cristobal, and 71% for Manta, considering a set point of 24°C) of a typical single-story office building with.
Activity of imipenem/relebactam against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae with high colistin resistance
Authors: Carpenter Jessica , Neidig Nick , Campbell Alex , Thornsberry Tanner , Truex Taylor , Fortney Tiffany , Zhang Yunliang , Bush Karen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Imipenem/relebactam, an investigational β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination for treatment of Gram-negative infections, and comparators including ceftazidime/avibactam, piperacillin/tazobactam and colistin were tested for activity against representative carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates.

Methods
MICs of the antimicrobial agents were determined using standard broth microdilution methodology for CPE isolates collected from Indiana patients, primarily during the time frame of 2013–17 (n = 199 of a total of 200 isolates). Inhibitors were tested at 4 mg/L in all combinations.

Results
Of the CPE in the study, 199 produced plasmid-encoded KPC class A carbapenemases; 1 Serratia marcescens isolate produced the SME-1 chromosomal class A carbapenemase. MIC50/MIC90 values of imipenem/relebactam were ≤0.25/0.5 mg/L, whereas MIC50/MIC90 values of ceftazidime/avibactam were 1/2 mg/L. Resistance to colistin was observed in 54% (n = 97) of 180 non-Serratia isolates tested (MIC50 of 4 mg/L). Colistin resistance mechanisms included production of a plasmid-encoded mcr-1-like gene (n = 2) or an inactivated mgrB gene.

Conclusions
Imipenem/relebactam was the most potent agent tested against CPE in this study and may be a useful addition to the antimicrobial armamentarium to treat infections caused by these pathogens.
High-redshift quasars and their host galaxies – I. Kinematical and dynamical properties and their tracers
Authors: Lupi Alessandro , Volonteri Marta , Decarli Roberto , Bovino Stefano , Silk Joseph , Bergeron Jacqueline 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Observations of high-redshift quasars provide information on the massive black holes (MBHs) powering them and the galaxies hosting them. Current observations of z ≳ 6 hosts, at sub-millimetre wavelengths, trace the properties of cold gas, and these are used to compare with the correlations between MBHs and galaxies characterizing the z = 0 population. The relations at z = 0, however, rely on stellar-based tracers of the galaxy properties. We perform a very high resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation of a z = 7 quasar including state-of-the-art non-equilibrium chemistry, MBH formation, growth, and feedback, to assess the evolution of the galaxy host and the central MBH, and compare the results with recent ALMA observations of high-redshift quasars. We measure both the stellar-based quantities used to establish the z = 0 correlations, as well as the gas-based quantities available in z ≳ 6 observations, adopting the same assumptions and techniques used in observational studies. The high-redshift studies argued that MBHs at high redshift deviate from the local MBH–galaxy correlations. In our analysis of the single galaxy we evolve, we find that the high-redshift population sits on the same correlations as the local one, when using the same tracers used at z = 0. When using the gas-based tracers, however, MBHs appear to be overmassive. The discrepancy between local and high-redshift MBHs seems to be caused by the different tracers employed, and the necessary assumptions, and not by an intrinsic difference. Better calibration of the tracers, higher resolution data, and availability of facilities that can probe the stellar population will be crucial to assess precisely and accurately high-redshift quasar hosts.
How low does it go? Too few Galactic satellites with standard reionization quenching
Authors: Graus Andrew S , Bullock James S , Kelley Tyler , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Garrison-Kimmel Shea , Qi Yuewen 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
A standard prediction of galaxy formation theory is that the ionizing background suppresses galaxy formation in haloes with peak circular velocities smaller than $V_{\rm peak}\simeq 20 \, \rm km \, s^{-1}$, rendering the majority of haloes below this scale completely dark. We use a suite of cosmological zoom simulations of Milky Way-like haloes that include central Milky Way disc galaxy potentials to investigate the relationship between subhaloes and ultrafaint galaxies. We find that there are far too few subhaloes within 50 kpc of the Milky Way that had $V_{\rm peak}\gtrsim 20\, \rm km \, s^{-1}$ to account for the number of ultrafaint galaxies already known within that volume today. In order to match the observed count, we must populate subhaloes down to $V_{\rm peak}\simeq 6\, \rm km \, s^{-1}$ with ultrafaint dwarfs. The required haloes have peak virial temperatures as low as 1500 K, well below the atomic hydrogen cooling limit of 104 K. Allowing for the possibility that the Large Magellanic Cloud contributes several of the satellites within 50 kpc could potentially raise this threshold to $10\, \rm km \, s^{-1}$ (4000 K), still below the atomic cooling limit and far below the nominal reionization threshold.
Bolometric corrections of stellar oscillation amplitudes as observed by the Kepler, CoRoT, and TESS missions
Authors: Lund Mikkel N 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
A better understanding of the amplitudes of stellar oscillation modes and surface granulation is essential for improving theories of mode physics and the properties of the outer convection zone of solar-like stars. A proper prediction of these amplitudes is also essential for appraising the detectability of solar-like oscillations for asteroseismic analysis. Comparisons with models, or between different photometric missions, are enabled by applying a bolometric correction, which converts mission-specific amplitudes to their corresponding bolometric (full light) values. We derive the bolometric correction factor for amplitudes of radial oscillation modes and surface granulation as observed by the Kepler, CoRoT, and TESS missions. The calculations are done assuming a stellar spectrum given by a black-body as well as by synthetic spectral flux densities from 1D model atmospheres. We derive a power-law and polynomial relations for the bolometric correction as a function of temperature from the black-body approximation and evaluate the deviations from adopting a more realistic spectrum. Across the full temperature range from 4000 to 7500 K, the amplitudes from TESS are in the black-body approximation predicted to be a factor ∼0.83–0.84 times those observed by Kepler. We find that using more realistic flux spectra over the black-body approximation can change the bolometric correction by as much as ${\sim }30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at the lowest temperatures, but with a change typically within ${\sim }5\!-\!10 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ around a Teff of 5500–6000 K. We find that after Teff, the bolometric correction most strongly depends on $\rm [M/H]$, which could have an impact on reported metallicity dependences of amplitudes reported in the literature.
Detection of metal-rich, cool-warm gas in the outskirts of galaxy clusters
Authors: Pradeep Jayadev , Narayanan Anand , Muzahid Sowgat , Nagai Daisuke , Charlton Jane C , Srianand Raghunathan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an ultraviolet quasar absorption line analysis of metal lines associated with three strong intervening H i absorbers (with $N(\rm {{H}\,{\small I}})$ &gt; 1016.5 cm−2) detected in the outskirts of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect-selected galaxy clusters (zcl ∼ 0.4–0.5), within clustocentric impact parameters of ρcl ∼ (1.6–4.7)r500. Discovered in a recent set of targeted far-UV HST/COS spectroscopic observations, these absorbers have among the highest H  i column densities ever observed in the outskirts of galaxy clusters, and are also rich in metal absorption lines. Photoionization models yield single phase solutions for the three absorbers with gas densities of nH ∼ 10−3–10−4 cm−3 and metallicities of [X/H] &gt; −1.0 (from one-tenth solar to near-solar). The widths of detected absorption lines suggest gas temperatures of T ∼ 104 K. The inferred densities (temperatures) are significantly higher (lower) compared to the X-ray emitting intracluster medium in cluster cores. The absorbers are tracing a cool phase of the intracluster gas in the cluster outskirts, either associated with gas stripped from cluster galaxies via outflows, tidal streams or ram-pressure forces, or denser regions within the intracluster medium that were uniformly chemically enriched from an earlier epoch of enhanced supernova and Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) feedback.
SuperWASP dispositions and false positive catalogue
Authors: Schanche N , Collier Cameron A , Almenara J M , Alsubai K A , Anderson D R , Armstrong D J , Barkaoui K , Barros S C C , Bochiński J , Bonomo A S , Bouchy F , Brown D J A , Burdanov A , Busuttil R , Deleuil M , Delrez L , Faedi F , Gillon M , Hay K , Hebb L , Hébrard G , Jehin E , Kolb U , Maxted P F L , Miller G , Nielsen L D , Pollacco D L , Pozuelos F J , Queloz D , Relles H , Smalley B , Triaud A H M J , Udry S , West R , Wheatley P J 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
SuperWASP, the Northern hemisphere WASP observatory, has been observing the skies from La Palma since 2004. In that time, more than 50 planets have been discovered with data contributions from SuperWASP. In the process of validating planets, many false-positive candidates have also been identified. The TESS telescope is set to begin observations of the northern sky in 2019. Similar to the WASP survey, the TESS pixel size is relatively large (13 arcsec for WASP and 21 arcsec for TESS), making it susceptible to many blended signals and false detections caused principally by grazing and blended stellar eclipsing binary systems. In order to reduce duplication of effort on targets, we present a catalogue of 1 041 Northern hemisphere SuperWASP targets that have been rejected as planetary transits through follow-up observation.
Rad5 dysregulation drives hyperactive recombination at replication forks resulting in cisplatin sensitivity and genome instability
Authors: Bryant Eric E , Šunjevarić Ivana , Berchowitz Luke , Rothstein Rodney , Reid Robert J D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe postreplication repair gene, HLTF, is often amplified and overexpressed in cancer. Here we model HLTF dysregulation through the functionally conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog, RAD5. Genetic interaction profiling and landscape enrichment analysis of RAD5 overexpression (RAD5OE) reveals requirements for genes involved in recombination, crossover resolution, and DNA replication. While RAD5OE and rad5Δ both cause cisplatin sensitivity and share many genetic interactions, RAD5OE specifically requires crossover resolving genes and drives recombination in a region of repetitive DNA. Remarkably, RAD5OE induced recombination does not require other post-replication repair pathway members, or the PCNA modification sites involved in regulation of this pathway. Instead, the RAD5OE phenotype depends on a conserved domain necessary for binding 3′ DNA ends. Analysis of DNA replication intermediates supports a model in which dysregulated Rad5 causes aberrant template switching at replication forks. The direct effect of Rad5 on replication forks in vivo, increased recombination, and cisplatin sensitivity predicts similar consequences for dysregulated HLTF in cancer.
A 212-nt long RNA structure in the Tobacco necrosis virus-D RNA genome is resistant to Xrn degradation
Authors: Gunawardene Chaminda D , Newburn Laura R , White K Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlus-strand RNA viruses can accumulate viral RNA degradation products during infections. Some of these decay intermediates are generated by the cytosolic 5′-to-3′ exoribonuclease Xrn1 (mammals and yeast) or Xrn4 (plants) and are formed when the enzyme stalls on substrate RNAs upon encountering inhibitory RNA structures. Many Xrn-generated RNAs correspond to 3′-terminal segments within the 3′-UTR of viral genomes and perform important functions during infections. Here we have investigated a 3′-terminal small viral RNA (svRNA) generated by Xrn during infections with Tobacco necrosis virus-D (family Tombusviridae). Our results indicate that (i) unlike known stalling RNA structures that are compact and modular, the TNV-D structure encompasses the entire 212 nt of the svRNA and is not functionally transposable, (ii) at least two tertiary interactions within the RNA structure are required for effective Xrn blocking and (iii) most of the svRNA generated in infections is derived from viral polymerase-generated subgenomic mRNA1. In vitro and in vivo analyses allowed for inferences on roles for the svRNA. Our findings provide a new and distinct addition to the growing list of Xrn-resistant viral RNAs and stalling structures found associated with different plant and animal RNA viruses.
Loss of NLRP6 expression increases the severity of acute kidney injury
Authors: Valiño-Rivas Lara , Cuarental Leticia , Nuñez Gabriel , Sanz Ana B , Ortiz Alberto , Sanchez-Niño Maria Dolores 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Nlrp6 is a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) that forms atypical inflammasomes. Nlrp6 modulates the gut epithelium interaction with the microbiota. However, the expression and function of Nlrp6 in the kidney, a sterile environment, have not been characterized. We explored the role of Nlrp6 in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
In a transcriptomics array of murine nephrotoxic AKI, Nlrp6 and Naip3 were the only significantly downregulated NLR genes. The functional implications of Nlrp6 downregulation were explored in mice and in cultured murine tubular cells.

Results
Nlrp6 was expressed by healthy murine and human kidney tubular epithelium, and expression was reduced during human kidney injury or murine nephrotoxic AKI induced by cisplatin or a folic acid overdose. Genetic Nlrp6 deficiency resulted in upregulation of kidney extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and more severe AKI and kidney inflammation. In cultured tubular cells, Nlrp6 downregulation induced by specific small interfering RNA resulted in upregulation of ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation and chemokine messenger RNA expression and downregulation of the nephroprotective gene Klotho. MAPK inhibition prevented the inflammatory response in Nlrp6-deficient cells.

Conclusion
Nlrp6 dampens sterile inflammation and has a nephroprotective role during nephrotoxic kidney injury through suppression of MAP kinase activation.
Immobilization of functional nano-objects in living engineered bacterial biofilms for catalytic applications
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Pu Jiahua , Liu Yi , Ba Fang , Cui Mengkui , Li Ke , Xie Yu , Nie Yan , Mi Qixi , Li Tao , Liu Lingli , Zhu Manzhou , Zhong Chao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nanoscale objects feature very large surface-area-to-volume ratios and are now understood as powerful tools for catalysis, but their nature as nanomaterials brings challenges including toxicity and nanomaterial pollution. Immobilization is considered a feasible strategy for addressing these limitations. Here, as a proof-of-concept for the immobilization of nanoscale catalysts in the extracellular matrix of bacterial biofilms, we genetically engineered amyloid monomers of the Escherichia coli curli nanofiber system that are secreted and can self-assemble and anchor nano-objects in a spatially precise manner. We demonstrated three scalable, tunable and reusable catalysis systems: biofilm-anchored gold nanoparticles to reduce nitro aromatic compounds such as the pollutant p-nitrophenol, biofilm-anchored hybrid Cd0.9Zn0.1S quantum dots and gold nanoparticles to degrade organic dyes and biofilm-anchored CdSeS@ZnS quantum dots in a semi-artificial photosynthesis system for hydrogen production. Our work demonstrates how the ability of biofilms to grow in scalable and complex spatial arrangements can be exploited for catalytic applications and clearly illustrates the design utility of segregating high-energy nano-objects from injury-prone cellular components by engineering anchoring points in an extracellular matrix.