bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Endurance Exercise Bouts in Hypoxia, Hyperoxia, and Normoxia on mTOR-Related Protein Signaling in Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Przyklenk Axel , Aussieker Thorben , Gutmann Boris , Schiffer Thorsten , Brinkmann Christian , Strüder Heiko K. , Bloch Wilhelm , Mierau Andreas , Gehlert Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Przyklenk, A, Aussieker, T, Gutmann, B, Schiffer, T, Brinkmann, C, Strüder, HK, Bloch, W, Mierau, A, and Gehlert, S. Effects of endurance exercise bouts in hypoxia, hyperoxia, and normoxia on mTOR-related protein signaling in human skeletal muscle. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2276–2284, 2020—This study investigated the effects of short-term hypoxia (HY), hyperoxia (PER), and normoxia on anabolic signaling proteins in response to an acute bout of moderate endurance exercise (EEX) before and after an endurance exercise training intervention. Eleven healthy male subjects conducted one-legged cycling endurance exercise (3 × 30 min·wk−1 for 4 weeks). One leg was trained under hypoxic (12% O2) or hyperoxic conditions (in a randomized cross-over design), and the other leg was trained in normoxia (20.9% O2) at the same relative workload. Musculus vastus lateralis biopsies were taken at baseline (T0) as well as immediately after the first (T1) and last (T2) training session to analyze anabolic signaling proteins and the myofiber cross-sectional area (FCSA). No significant differences were detected for FCSA between T0 and T2 under all oxygen conditions (p > 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for BNIP3, phosphorylated RSK1, ERK1/2, FoxO3a, mTOR, and S6K1 between all conditions and time points. Phosphorylated Akt/PKB decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at T1 in PER and at T2 in HY and PER. Phosphorylated rpS6 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at T1 only in PER, whereas nonsignificant increases were shown in HY at T2 (p = 0.10). Despite no significant regulations, considerable reductions in eEF2 phosphorylation were detected in HY at T1 and T2 (p = 0.11 and p = 0.12, respectively). Short-term hypoxia in combination with moderate EEX induces favorable acute anabolic signaling responses in human skeletal muscle.
Genomic Prediction Using Individual-Level Data and Summary Statistics from Multiple Populations
Authors: Vandenplas Jeremie , Calus Mario P L , Gorjanc Gregor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study presents a method for genomic prediction that uses individual-level data and summary statistics from multiple populations. Genome-wide markers are nowadays widely used to predict complex traits, and genomic prediction using multi-population data are an appealing approach to achieve higher prediction accuracies. However, sharing of individual-level data across populations is not always possible. We present a method that enables integration of summary statistics from separate analyses with the available individual-level data. The data can either consist of individuals with single or multiple (weighted) phenotype records per individual. We developed a method based on a hypothetical joint analysis model and absorption of population-specific information. We show that population-specific information is fully captured by estimated allele substitution effects and the accuracy of those estimates, i.e., the summary statistics. The method gives identical result as the joint analysis of all individual-level data when complete summary statistics are available. We provide a series of easy-to-use approximations that can be used when complete summary statistics are not available or impractical to share. Simulations show that approximations enable integration of different sources of information across a wide range of settings, yielding accurate predictions. The method can be readily extended to multiple-traits. In summary, the developed method enables integration of genome-wide data in the individual-level or summary statistics from multiple populations to obtain more accurate estimates of allele substitution effects and genomic predictions.
Gene Birth Contributes to Structural Disorder Encoded by Overlapping Genes
Authors: Willis Sara , Masel Joanna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe same nucleotide sequence can encode multiple protein products in different reading frames, and these regions encode higher levels of intrinsic structural disorder than non-overlapping genes. Willis and Masel find that...The same nucleotide sequence can encode two protein products in different reading frames. Overlapping gene regions encode higher levels of intrinsic structural disorder (ISD) than nonoverlapping genes (39% vs. 25% in our viral dataset). This might be because of the intrinsic properties of the genetic code, because one member per pair was recently born de novo in a process that favors high ISD, or because high ISD relieves increased evolutionary constraint imposed by dual-coding. Here, we quantify the relative contributions of these three alternative hypotheses. We estimate that the recency of de novo gene birth explains 32% or more of the elevation in ISD in overlapping regions of viral genes. While the two reading frames within a same-strand overlapping gene pair have markedly different ISD tendencies that must be controlled for, their effects cancel out to make no net contribution to ISD. The remaining elevation of ISD in the older members of overlapping gene pairs, presumed due to the need to alleviate evolutionary constraint, was already present prior to the origin of the overlap. Same-strand overlapping gene birth events can occur in two different frames, favoring high ISD either in the ancestral gene or in the novel gene; surprisingly, most de novo gene birth events contained completely within the body of an ancestral gene favor high ISD in the ancestral gene (23 phylogenetically independent events vs. 1). This can be explained by mutation bias favoring the frame with more start codons and fewer stop codons.
Trends in Abstaining From Substance Use in Adolescents: 1975–2014
Authors: Levy Sharon , Campbell Michael D. , Shea Corinne L. , DuPont Robert 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Adolescent substance use is a prevalent modifiable health behavior; understanding long-term trends is essential to inform prevention efforts and public health policy. We investigated changes in the proportion of substance nonuse among adolescents over a 40-year period and associations between abstinence and individual risk and protective factors.

METHODS:
Data from the nationally representative Monitoring the Future survey, administered 1975–2014, were analyzed to determine the annual proportion of abstinent students. The 2014 Monitoring the Future cohort was analyzed to determine associations between nonuse and risk and protective factors.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of abstaining seniors between 1976 and 2014 increased fivefold for lifetime abstinence and more than doubled for past 30 days; similar increases were reported by younger students between 1991 and 2014. Trend lines were distinct for alcohol, which increased steadily over the past 38 years; tobacco, which increased dramatically over the past 20 years; and marijuana and illicit drugs, which increased slightly, although not consistently, between 1976 and 2014. In 2014, students that identified as male, African American, or other race and those who reported greater religious commitment were significantly more likely to report lifetime abstinence. Students that lived in single-parent households, spent more evenings out, worked more hours during the school year, and reported lower grades and more truancy had lower abstinence rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Abstinence is a realistic choice for a growing proportion of high school students. With the differences in abstinence trends for individual substances, we suggest strategies for advancing prevention efforts.
Mesterséges felszínformák botanikai összehasonlítása a Nagykunság és a Nagy-Sárrét vidékén
Authors: Kis Szabolcs 
Published: July 2018

Az Alföld flórájának kutatásában kiemelt szerepet kap a lösznövényzet megmaradt állományainak tanulmányozása. Munkám során azon mesterséges felszínformák növényzetét vizsgáltam, melyeken az antropogén hatások ellenére fennmaradhattak, vagy amelyekre betelepülhettek a hajdani löszvegetáció képviselői. A vizsgálatok során arra kerestem a választ, hogy milyen hasonlóságok, illetve különbségek figyelhetőek meg ezen építmények növényzete között, mivel azok különböző korokban épültek. Minden építményt löszgyep (Salvio nemorosae-Festucetum rupicolae) vagy löszfalnövényzet (Agropyro cristati-Kochietum prostratae), esetleg ezek mozaikja borította. Megfigyelhetőek voltak továbbá a környező területekről feltelepülő ürmös szikespuszták (Artemisio santonici-Festucetum pseudovinae) fajai is. A vizsgált összehasonlítási szempontok (szociális magatartás típusok, Shannon diverzitás, DCA ordináció, cönoszisztematikai rendszer) alapján megállapítható, hogy a Nagykunság és a Nagy-Sárrét vidékén a mesterséges felszíniformák közül az ókori sáncok őrizték meg leginkább a löszgyepek jellegzetességeit.
ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİ İSTİSMAR YAŞANTILARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Bozgün Kayhan , Pekdoğan Serpil 
Published: July 2018

Günümüzde önemi
artan konulardan biri de şüphesiz istismar vakalarıdır. Yazılı kaynak,
paneller, haber ve röportajlarda istismar yaşantısı olan bireylerin
yaşadıklarına tanıklık edilmektedir. İstismar konusundaki alanyazın
incelendiğinde, çocuklar, öğretmenler, aileler, sağlık görevlilerinin katıldığı
çalışmaların yürütüldüğü göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada çocukların
sağlıklı büyümesinde katkısı olacak olan öğretmen adayları ile çalışılmasına
ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının çocukluk
dönemindeki istismar yaşantılarını farklı değişkenler açısından incelemektir.
Araştırmada yöntem olarak, nicel araştırma desenlerinden tarama yöntemi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 628 öğretmen adayı
oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından
hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, Kaya (2014) tarafından uyarlanan Çocukluk Çağı Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği Kısa Formu
kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPPS programı yardımıyla analiz
edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız
örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) teknikleri kullanılmıştır.
Elde edilen veriler için anlamlılık ,05 düzeyinde kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ortaya
çıkardığı bulgulara göre, öğretmen adaylarının çocukluk dönemi istismar
yaşantıları ile cinsiyet, sınıf, aile geliri, kardeş sayısı, doğum
sırası, anne-baba eğitim düzeyi değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının çocukluk dönemi istismar
yaşantılarının bölüm, anne-baba yaşam durumu, anne-baba birlikteliği, anne-baba
öz-üvey olma değişkenlerine göre farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir.
Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının katılımıyla
çocukluk dönemi istismar yaşantıları hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini belirleyen
çalışmalar ele alınabilir.
TÜKETİCİ MARKA BİLGİSİ: HİKAYE ANLATICILIĞI VE KOLAJ TEKNİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA- CONSUMER BRAND KNOWLEDGE: A RESEARCH ON STORYTELLING AND COLLAGE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Erbaş Sefa 
Published: July 2018

Tüketiciler marka ile ilgili bilgileri,
zihinlerinde episodik hafıza ve semantik
hafıza olmak üzere iki şekilde saklamaktadırlar. Episodik hafızada; marka
ile ilişkili kişisel deneyimler, önemli bir olay ve bağlantılarla ilişkili daha
fazla detay yer almakta iken semantik anımsamalar, kelimelerin ve sembollerin
anlamları hatırlandığında ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi akademisyenlerinin ve öğrencilerinin
kullandıkları GSM operatörlerine (Turkcell, Avea, Vodafone) yönelik tüketici
marka bilgisi, markanın çağrışım yaptığı duyguların ve hikayelerin kolaj
tekniği ile gösterimine dayanarak ölçülmüştür. Araştırma, gönüllü katılım
esasına dayalı toplamda 50 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar kullandıkları markanın çağrışım
yaptığı duyguları; fiyat, işlevsel
fayda ve sembolik kodlar aracılığı ile ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, GSM operatörlerine yönelik deneyimlerini
anlattıkları hikayelerde; arkadaşlarıyla, müşteri hizmetleriyle, eşleriyle ve
rakip markalarla karşılaştırmada bulundukları olumlu ve olumsuz deneyimleri
paylaşmışlardır. Katılımcılar son olarak kullandıkları GSM markasına yönelik
duyguları ve hikayeyi, farklı gazetelere ait görsellerden oluşturdukları
kolajlarla anlatmışlardır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler, sözlü
çalışmalarla da desteklenerek ileriki zamanlarda yapılacak olan araştırmalar
için kaynak niteliği görebilir.Abstract

The consumers store brand-related
information in their minds through two ways, episodic and semantic memory. In the
episodic memory, there are more details about personal experiences, significant
events and links regarding the brand. Semantic recall appears when the meanings
of words and symbols are remembered. In this study, Gumushane University’s
academicians and students using GSM operators (Turkcell, Avea, Vodafone) concerning
the consumer brand knowledge is measured with collage technique which
demonstrates brand associations and storytelling. This research is based on the
principle of voluntary participation is conducted with totally 50. The
participants, brand owner, stated brand associations which evoked emotions: Price
information, functional benefit and symbolic codes. Also, they share positive
and negative experiences about their brands and compare it with their friends,
customer services, spouses and the competing brands in their story which have
experienced to GSM operators. Finally the participants explained emotions and
story to their brands with collage technique which constitutes of different
newspapers’ images. The data obtained from this study can be seen a
starting-point for further researches by supporting it with verbal-based
methods.
KANUNİ TEMSİLCİLERİN VERGİ SUÇ VE CEZALARI KARŞISINDAKİ SORUMLULUKLARI
Authors: Apak Sedat 
Published: July 2018

Kanuni temsil müessesesi, Vergi Usul
Kanununun ilgili hükümlerinde ve diğer hüküm içeren kanunlarda ayrıntılı olarak
ele alındığında; kanuni temsilcilerin sorumluluğu, “küçük ve kısıtlıların
kanuni temsilcilerinin sorumluluğu” ve “tüzel kişilerin kanuni temsilcilerinin
sorumluluğu” olmak üzere iki alt grupta değerlendirildiği görülmektedir.
Vergiyi toplamada kolaylık sağlanması ve vergi alacağını güvence altına alma
amaçlarıyla hareket eden vergi idaresi, verginin ödenmemesi durumunda
“sorumluluğun ikincilliği” bağlamında vergi aslı ve cezalarını öncelikle
yükümlüden alma yoluna gitmekte, ancak alınamaması durumunda kanuni temsilci
olan vergi sorumlusundan tamamlama ya da tahsil etme hallerine başvurmaktadır.
Bununla ilgili değerlendirmeler,
makalede ayrıntılı olarak
işlenmeye çalışılmış durumdadır.
Vaginal apical and anterior reconstruction using ultralight weight mesh: two-year follow-up
Authors: Shkarupa Dmitry D. , Kubin Nikita D. , Popov Eduard N. , Shapovalova Ekaterina A. , Kovalev Gleb V. , Pisarev Alexey V. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction. Anterior and apical prolapse is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse. The insufficient effectiveness of native tissue repair in the pelvic organs leads to the search of new methods of the pelvic floor reconstruction.
Objective. The current analysis was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of the use of the Pelvix anterior mesh system (Lintex) with sacrospinous fixation of the apex in the treatment of anterior and apical prolapse.
Methods. This study involved 150 women suffering from anterior-apical prolapse (stages III and IV). Reconstruction with the use of the mesh was performed in all the patients. To evaluate the results of surgical treatment, data of a vaginal examination (POP-Q), uroflowmetry, bladder ultrasound, and validated questionnaires (PFDI-20, PFIQ-7, PISQ-12) were used. All the listed parameters were determined before the surgery and on follow-up visits in 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after the treatment.
Results. Mean operation time was 47 minutes. No cases of intraoperative clinically significant bleeding were reported. Anatomical cure rate (< stage II / asymptomatic stage II, according to the Baden-Walker system) at 12 months was found to be 94.4%, and at 24 months — 92.7%. Within the first month of follow-up, de novo stress urinary incontinence and de novo urgency occurred in 8.0% and 7.2% of patients, respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in uroflowmetry parameters and decreased post-voiding urine volume were achieved after the surgery and did not change by 24 months. Comparison of the scores by the questionnaires revealed a significant improvement in the quality of life in the postoperative period.
Conclusion. The use of the Pelvix anterior mesh system in the surgical correction of the anterior and apical prolapse is a safe uterus-sparing technique. At two-year follow-up, it provides a high anatomical efficiency, normalizes urodynamic parameters and improves quality of life.
A rede urbana no oeste do rio sapucaí - Cabo Verde: arraial, freguesia e vila
Authors: Almeida Carolina Farnetani de , Pereira Renata Baesso 
Published: July 2018

O artigo apresenta o estudo sobre a formação do núcleo urbano, que hoje corresponde à cidade de Cabo Verde, no sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais. Na segunda metade do século XVIII, o território em questão fazia parte da rede urbana do Rio Sapucaí, que abrangia quase todo o sudoeste da Capitania de Minas Gerais, fazendo divisa com a Capitania de São Paulo. Esse território foi palco de disputas entre as Capitanias e os Bispados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo. O artigo também apresenta uma análise da gênese e da estrutura da forma urbana de Cabo Verde, núcleo de povoamento que se origina como arraial de mineração. O estudo de caso em questão busca cobrir uma lacuna da historiografia, pois contempla a análise de uma cidade que pouco cresceu desde a sua origem, e cuja forma demonstra um modo luso brasileiro de fundar núcleos urbanos na segunda metade do século XVIII.
Décimas urbanas e censos: a dimensão material e visual de vilas e cidades em fontes textuais
Authors: Bueno Beatriz Piccolotto Siqueira , Arraes Esdras Araujo , Moura Nádia Mendes de , Borsoi Diogo Fonseca 
Published: July 2018

A história das cidades brasileiras no período colonial, em grande medida, foi escrita a partir dos seus aspectos formais. As imagens de “abandono” e “desleixo”, cunhadas por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda em Raízes do Brasil(1936, 1948), motivaram gerações de pesquisadores a investigar a morfologia desses núcleos, buscando padrões de regularidade e ortogonalidade. Se muita atenção foi dada aos aspectos planimétricos, pouca ou nenhuma foi dada aos aspectos volumétricos e à materialidade enquanto fonte histórica. A dimensão material das relações sociais, com raras exceções, permaneceu em segundo plano, como simples cenário. Pouca atenção foi dada à sua dimensão potencializadora de novas relações sociais e, assim, ao mesmo tempo, produto e vetor em constante relação dialética. Visualizar a materialidade de núcleos históricos não é tarefa fácil, exige metodologia e instrumentos específicos mobilizados em perspectiva regressiva, envolvendo o entrecruzamento de documentação variada. Nos últimos anos, uma nova safra de estudos vem lançando luz em evidências empíricas que merecem debate por seu ineditismo e por conspirarem para uma necessária releitura da materialidade das cidades brasileiras coloniais, inclusive nas suas interfaces com o mundo rural envoltório. Valendo-se de fontes textuais com acentuada dimensão visual, espacializadas em cartografias regressivas por meio de novos aportes tecnológicos, inclusive o SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica), esses estudos dão a ver o que de outra forma não se vê, com foco em índices materiais que informam sobre relações sociais e sobretudo sobre processos de acumulação desiguais de tempos, em perspectiva histórica de longa duração. A cidade discutida enquanto artefato, produto e vetor da ação humana, é assim um campo privilegiado de análise em História Urbana, tema do presente artigo, que visa demonstrar alguns resultados interessantes e ainda inéditos nessa linha de investigação que estamos tendo o privilégio de constituir um grupo de pesquisa (BUENO, 2004, 2005, 2016; ANDRADE, 2012; ARRAES, 2017; BORSOI, 2013; BRAGHITTONI, 2015; KATO, 2011 e 2017; MOURA - tese em andamento). Numa espécie de Arqueologia da Paisagem Urbana, ensaiamos reconstituir a materialidade de cinco núcleos urbanos coloniais – São Paulo, Santos, Cunha, Vila Boa e Oeiras do Piauí– com vistas a detalhar nossa metodologia de pesquisa, apontando caminhos promissores para o campo disciplinar em debate no presente Dossiê.
PENDIDIKAN KEAKSARAAN FUNGSIONAL DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP AKTUALITAS PROFESI WARGA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Rahman Misran 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of functional literacy education towards the professional actuality of the community members in Kayumerah village, Lomboto Subdistrict, Gorontalo District. The research conducted as from April through June 2013, collected data by interviewing 20 resource persons with various professional backgrounds. The data were analysed qualitatively and concluded that the participants of functional literacy education are motivated to complete the program and the result has significant effect to do their jobs.
BERMAIN SEBAGAI KEBUTUHAN DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DIRI ANAK
Authors: Yus Anita 
Published: July 2018

Playing games is a part of the childrenâ€™s life. In playing games the children are exploring and understanding their world. This article discusses how playing games can be used in childrenâ€™s education. The children can play anywhere and anytime they want. The context, place, and time will determine the forms, activities, and game content. In playing games, the children plan, concentrate on doing certain tasks, solve problems, and express their ideas. This article concludes that playing games can be designed and used as a strategy of the children self development. Learning activities to be done by the children are integrated in playing activities. These activities facilitate the children to gain new knowledge and experience.
KEMUNCULAN TAHAP MENULIS ALFABET PADA GAMBAR EKSPRESIF ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Megasari Putri 
Published: July 2018

This purpose of this study was to reveal the emergence of alphabetic writing stage of the expressive drawings of the children aged 5-6 years in Early Childhood Education Services Post in Kebayoran Lama, South Jakarta. The study, conducted October 2013, employed quantitative method using survei techniques. The participant of this research involved 75 children ranged from the ages of 5 years 0 month to 6 years. Data were collected by using structured interview guides and analyzed with percentage technique. The findings show that the emergence of alphabetic writing stage when the children are able to write letters and their own names appears at the age of 5 years 0 month. The emergence of writing integrated letters to form a word, phoneme writing, and word writing appears at the age of 5 years 1 month. The emergence writing short sentence appears as from the ages of 5 years 7 months to 6 years, while the emergence of writing story writing appears as from the ages of 5 years 10 months to 6 years. The findings have implication to the parents and teachers in identifying the development of the childrenâ€™s writing ability.