bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular morphology of the Mongoloid race in Medan according to age groups
Authors: Sitanggang Maria , Boel Trelia 
Published: September 2018

Background: The mandible constitutes part of the craniofacial bone that plays an important role in determining an individual’s facial profile. The mandible grows and develops throughout life from the prenatal phase up to old age when it becomes and edentulous. Changes in the mandible can be measured using radiographs. These establish several parameters of mandibular morphology, including: ramus height, condylion height, body length, condylion angle, symphysis height, symphysis width and symphysis angle. Purpose: This study aimed to determine differences in the mandibular morphology of members of the mongoloid racial group in Medan according to age as measured by cephalometric radiography. Methods: This investigation constituted analytical research using cross-sectional study with a total sample of 150 individuals divided according to age: group 1 (aged 4-12 years), group 2 (aged 13-24 years, group 3 (aged 25-34 years), group 4 (aged 35-60 years) and group of 5 (aged > 60 years). The parameters were computerized by means of a digital cephalometric radiograph, the resulting data being analized with Oneway ANOVA and LSD. Results: The mean value of the highest to the lowest ramus height, and symphysis height from the five age groups, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 5, group 2, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of body length, condylion height, condylion angle, and symphysis width, sequentially, were in group 3, group 4, group 2, group 5, and group 1. The mean value from the highest to the lowest of symphysis angle, sequentially, were in group 1, group 3, group 4, group 2, and group 5. Conclusion: The mandibular morphology of each age group differs in Mongoloid races in Medan based on lateral cephalometric radiography in which changes are may be affected by the state of teeth and age.
EPISTEMOLOGI TAFSIR SUFI AL-GHAZALI DAN PERGESERANNYA
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract: In the history of tafsir development, there is a certain moment where there are some interactions between the Qur'an and the Sufis. Epistemologically, Sufis have a peculiar characteristic in looking at the Qur'an. The Sufis thaught that the Qur'an has two dimensions, esoteric and exoteric. These two sides are one unity and can not be separated. Al-Ghazali has its own nomenclature to refer to the ẓahir and inner sides of the Qur'an. The esoteric and exoteric dimensions of the Qur'an in the term al-Ghazali are called ‘ilm sadf and ‘ilm lubāb. The process of crossing from sadf to lubāb involves the role of imagination in istiqāmah suluk ilā Allāh. Viewed from the perspective of epidemiological division ala Abid al-Jabiri, the epistemology of al-Ghazali include the category of 'irfānī. But in its development al-Ghazali made a dialectic between the epistemology 'irfānī and bayānī at the same time, although the nuances of irfānī still remain dominant. This research attempts to answer the problem of how the process of the dialectic epistemology of al-Ghazali and how its building style. This kind of dialectic is one of al-Ghazali effort to built the harmonization between sadf science which tends to bayānī with the science of lubāb which tend to irfānī. Clearly, the process of this dialectic can be seen in one of his works Ihyā’ 'Ulūm al-Dīn. This research uses the qualitative method and includes library research. Abstrak: Dalam sejarah perkembangan tafsir, ada momen tertentu saat terjadi interaksi antara al-Qur’an dan kaum Sufi. Secara epistemologis, para Sufi me­miliki ciri khas dalam memandang al-Qur’an. Kaum Sufi memandang bahwa Qur'an memiliki dua dimensi, esoterik dan eksoteris. Dua dimensi ini merupakan satu kesatuan dan tidak dapat dipisahkan. Al-Ghazali memiliki nomenklatur tersendiri untuk menyebut sisi ẓahir dan baṭin al-Qur’an. Dimensi esoterik dan eksoterik al-Qur’an dalam istilah al-Ghazali disebut dengan ‘ilm sadf dan ‘ilm lubab. Proses penyebrangan dari sadf ke lubāb ini melibatkan peran khayal dengan cara istiqāmah suluk ilā Allah. Ditinjau dari perspektif pembagian epistemologi ala Abid al-Jabiri, epistemologi al-Ghazali masuk dalam kategori ‘irfānī. Namun dalam perkembangannya al-Ghazali melakukan dialektika antara epistemologi ‘irfānī dan bayānī secara bersamaan, meskipun nuansa ‘irfānī masih tetap dominan. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjawab rumusan masalah bagaimana proses dialektika epistemologi al-Ghazali dan bagaimana corak bangunannya. Dialektika ini merupakan upaya harmonisasi al-Ghazali antara ilmu sadf yang cenderung bayānī dengan ilmu lubab yang mendekati ‘irfānī. Secara jelas proses dialektika ini dapat dilihat dalam salah satu karyanya Ihyā’ Ulūm al-Dīn. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan merupakan penelitian kepustakaan.
Developing Students’ Participation in a Mixed-levels Reading Class via Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC)
Authors: Sulistianingsih Endang 
Published: September 2018

Students, especially at the higher level need to bean efficient reader to comprehend somereading materials from varied sources associated with their studies. Teaching reading becomes not easy sincethe teacher has to face the problems on how to teach reading in a mixed-levelsreading class? How can all students become motivated more active in reading class? How to promote cooperation among students with divergent competency and motivation? To address such questions, this paper demonstrates how reading skill, participation, and cooperation can be developed through CIRC. The research was a case study where quantitative and qualitative were mixed. The participants of this research were students of communication studies at the Social and Political Science Faculty in higher education. Eighteen students participated in this research. The participant was took using saturation sampling. The data was collected through observation to determine students’ participation and reading comprehension test to measure the student’s reading comprehension level.CIRCwas used as teaching instruction during the intervention. Through this method, learning reading can increase good interrelationship, individual and group responsibility, interpersonal and small group skills. Therefore, a presence of cooperation is established, comprehension can be developed, and passive students become active while active students become active. This research is useful for EFL teacher who teaches in a big class where his/her studentshave different levels of reading proficiency.
Effects of Arthroscopic Coracohumeral Ligament Release on Range of Motion for Patients with Frozen Shoulder
Authors: Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Sekiguchi Takuya , Ando Akira , Kanazawa Kenji , Koide Masashi , Hamada Junichiro , Yabe Yutaka , Yoshida Shinichiro , Itoi Eiji 
Published: September 2018

Background:
A thickened coracohumeral ligament is a highly specific manifestation of, and primary restraint against external rotation in frozen shoulders.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of complete arthroscopic coracohumeral ligament release on range of motion in frozen shoulder.

Methods:
Fifty-two consecutive shoulders in 52 patients were treated between April 2015 and June 2016. To evaluate solely glenohumeral range of motion, the scapula was fixed by an examiner with one hand (without palpating scapular motion), and range of motion was measured using a goniometer. For the first step, arthroscopic pancapsular release was performed in a beach-chair position with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) complete coracohumeral ligament release. For the final step, the remaining coracohumeral ligaments in Group 2 were released and the ranges of motion were compared to those in Group 1.

Results:
The average age of the patients was significantly higher in Group 1, but there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to sex, affected side, preoperative range of motion, or American Shoulder and Elbow Society Score. Abduction, external rotation at adduction, and external and internal rotations at 90° of flexion in Group 1 were significantly greater than those in Group 2. After the additional release of the remaining coracohumeral ligaments in Group 2, all ranges of motion were significantly recovered and there was no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion:
Complete coracohumeral ligament release is a recommended intraoperative procedure for regaining full range of motion in frozen shoulders.
MELACAK ETIKA PROTESTAN DALAM MASYARAKAT MUSLIM INDONESIA
Authors: Ummah Sun Choirol 
Published: September 2018

Etika Protestan mendasarkan pada tradisi penyelamatan dari aliran Calvinisme.Paham yang dipelopori oleh Yohanes Calvin ini menekankan bahwa segala kehidupan didunia merupakan pengabdian terhadap Tuhan. Kaum Calvinis mengajarkan kepadapengikutnya untuk gigih dalam menggapai kejayaan hidup di dunia. Hal itu hanya akandapat diwujudkan dengan spirit dan etos kerja keras. Bila seseorang menginginkankehidupan akhirnya bahagia, maka harus berupaya untuk memperbanyak harta. Islamsebagai agama yang sangat lengkap mengatur tata kehidupan pemeluknya jugamemberikan arahan menjalankan kehidupan ekonominya. Harta bukanlah tujuan, ia hanyasekedar alat untuk menumpuk pahala demi tercapainya falah (kebahagiaan dunia danakhirat). Empat prinsip utama dalam sistem ekonomi yang diisyaratkan dalam Alquranyakni hidup hemat dan tidak bermewah-mewahan, pengimplementasian zakat,penghapusan riba, dan menjalankan usaha-usaha yang halal. Protestant ethics is based on the salvation tradition of Calvinism. This notion pioneered byJohn Calvin emphasizes that all life in the world is devotion to God. Calvinists teach theirfollowers to be persistent in achieving the glory of life in the world. It will only be realizedby the spirit and ethos of hard work. If someone wants life to finally be happy, then theymust try to increase their wealth. Islam as a religion that is very complete governs the lifeof its adherents also provides direction to run its economic life. Property is not a goal, it isonly a tool to accumulate merit for the achievement of falah (happiness of the world andthe hereafter). The four main principles in the economic system that are implied in theQur'an are living frugally and not being extravagant, implementing zakat, abolishingusury, and running halal businesses.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum basilicum L.) TERHADAP MOTILITAS SPERMATOZOA TIKUS PUTIH GALUR WISTAR JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE (MSG)
Authors: Desi Nur Husnina , Kurniasari Dian , Romdhoni Muhammad Fadhol , Maulana Andi Muh. 
Published: September 2018

Latar Belakang : MSG merupakan substansi kristal putih yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan rasa pada makanan. Pemberian MSG dosis tinggi meningkatkan kadar radikal bebas dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan penurunan motilitas spermatozoa. Kandungan flavonoid pada daun kemangi dapat menetralkan kadar radikal bebas sehingga mencegah penurunan motilitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) dalam mencegah penurunan motilitas spermatozoa pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi MSG.Metode : Penelitian Laboratory Experimental Post Test Group Only menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih galur wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, terdiri dari kelompok I diberi MSG 1.600 mg/kgBB/hari, kelompok II diberi MSG 1.600 mg/kgBB/hari dan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi 150mg/kgBB/hari, kelompok III diberi MSG 1.600 mg/kgBB/hari dan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi 350 mg/kgBB/hari dan kelompok IV diberi MSG 1.600 mg/kgBB/hari dan ekstrak etanol daun kemangi 700 mg/kgBB/hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan One Way ANOVA dan post hoc LSDHasil : Rerata presentase motilitas spermatozoa pada kelompok I, II, III dan IV sebesar 21,88%; 48,17%; 53,72%; dan 63,05%. Hasil analisis One Way Anova menunjukan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p = 0,000). Uji post hoc LSD menunjukan kelompok II, III dan IV berbeda nyata dengan kelompok I (p=0,00). Pada kelompok II dan III juga ditemukan adanya perbedaan nyata dengan kelompok IV (p=0,04). Sedangkan kelompok III dengan kelompok II tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata (p=0,069).Kesimpulan : Ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) memberikan pengaruh dalam mencegah penurunan presentase motilitas spermatozoa tikus putih galur wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi MSG. Kata kunci : motilitas spermatozoa, ekstrak etanol daun kemangi, monosodium glutamat (MSG)
Business management of KSU XXX at Sukatani Village in iroet tea agroindustry
Authors: Vidya Dinda Vergy 
Published: September 2018

Every business people must have a good management and appropriate in managing the business. The process of business activity requires every bussiness people to think systematically in establishing a good and appropriate business management. If it is not done, it will threaten business continuity. Business management KSU XXX is currently facing a problem that threatens the business continuity of the cooperative. There is no bailout, weak competitiveness and many partner farmers out of the cooperative membership. Considering this, a research has done to analyze business management strategy KSU XXX in maintaining agroindustry Teh Iroet. The research was conducted at one of the production centers of smallholder tea farmers in Garut. TheÂ KSU XXX, Sukatani Village, Cilawu Sub-district, which is the first cooperative formed by the smallholder tea farmers and obtaining UTZ and Lestari Certificates. This research is a qualitative research conducted in the form of case study. The result of the research shows that KSU XXX business management strategy to maintain Iroet Tea agroindustry is to run a saving program for partner farmers in lieu of cooperative saving and loan program that has been abolished. Conducting information and financial information disclosure system of cooperatives to its partners
Gamma irradiation results of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of ethanol extract of white tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Sari Bina lohita 
Published: September 2018

White tea is produced from tea shoots with simplest processing. This unfermented tea contents a lot of chemical constituents such as polyphenol that present potent antioxidant capacity. In this research, we analyzed total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of white tea ethanol extract after exposing simplicial with gamma rays doses of 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; and 12.5 kGy. Gamma ray irradiation in pharmaceutical can be used as one of the most efficient method to reduce microorganisms. The extraction of simplicia used Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with ethanol 60% as the extraction solvent. The determination result of total phenolic levels of white tea extract irradiated at a doses ofÂ 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0; and 12.5 kGy were 121.62; 148.73; 187.28; 161.88; and 162.28 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant capacity value was 16.67; 19.63; 30.08; 25.60; 23.11; 16.15 %. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity showed the highest irradiation at 5 kGy dose.
Effects of Saint John’s wort on the fetus in pregnant rats
Authors: Buyuk Basak , Yuncu Mehmet , Eralp Ayhan , Inaloz Demir Serap 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Because of the toxic and teratologic side effects that might develop
into the fetus, the number of drugs that can be used in the treatment of
depression seen in pregnancy is very limited. In this study, we investigated
whether the Saint John’s wort used during pregnancy has side effects on the
liver of fetus.Methods: Thirteen Wistar albino female rats were used in this study. The animals
divided into two groups as 8 rats for the experimental group and 5 rats for the
control group. The animals detected for
pregnancy in the experimental group were fed with the Saint John’s wort extract
as 100 mg/kg/day through orogastric probe from the first day of the pregnancy.
The animals in the control group were fed with 2 ml distiled water through an
orogastric probe every day begining from the first day of the pregnancy. The
newborn pups were taken. Their liver tissues were harvested and investigated after
the tissue processing and staining procedure.Results: Microvesicular lipidosis and hydropic degeneration were observed in
histopathological evaluation of the harvested tissues of experimental group.

Conclusion: As a result, there is not enough data in the literature in order to
claim that Saint John’s worth is reliable for the pregnant women or fetus. It
is important for the physician to evaluate the complaints related to the use of
pregnancy and to raise the awareness of the physicians in the first stage of
the pregnancy follow-up. For the usage of this herb as an alternative or
addition to antidepressive drugs more preclinical (basic) and clinical studies
need to be performed.
Os limites do pop global e de suas exposições
Authors: Medeiros Alexandre Pedro de 
Published: September 2018

As exposições International Pop (Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 2015-2016) e The World Goes Pop (Tate Modern, Londres, 2015-2016) reabriram a discussão sobre a arte pop e a apresentaram enquanto um fenômeno global. O viés de ambas as exposições esteve pautado em discussões levantadas pelas antropologia e história da arte nas últimas duas décadas em torno da noção de arte global, a qual, segundo Hans Belting, estaria envolvida com a problematização e deslocamento do cânone modernista universalista baseado na noção de hegemonia artística. A partir disso, alguns museus, principalmente localizados nos Estados Unidos e no Reino Unido, vêm realizando mostras que intentam formular cânones expandidos movidos por uma espécie de obsessão pelo global. Assim, perguntamo-nos se o que vem sendo operado em algumas exposições não é uma “retórica do global”, no sentido de um uso dessa concepção como uma chave de aparência multiculturalista a fim de manter as dinâmicas de hegemonia artística, a qual seria reafirmada pelas megainstituições que detém o poder discursivo de inserir a arte de “outros” em uma história da arte dita global. Este artigo analisa essa problemática a partir de um estudo de caso que considera essas exposições como núcleos irradiadores de questões teóricas, históricas e críticas relativas à produção artística brasileira dos anos 1960 que tem sido lida na chave da pop, principalmente àqueles trabalhos participantes das mostras.
A vertigem do querer de um colecionador voraz
Authors: Tinoco Bianca Andrade 
Published: September 2018

Um dos principais colecionadores particulares da produção artística dos anos 2000 e 2010 no Brasil, o advogado e músico Sérgio Carvalho conta sobre seus critérios para seleção de obras, o diálogo que mantém com artistas e curadoras para o aprimoramento de suas escolhas e as exposições realizadas com base em seu acervo – com destaque para Contraponto, apresentada de 17 de novembro de 2017 a 29 de abril de 2018 no Museu Nacional do Conjunto Cultural da República, em Brasília. Proprietário de duas performances, o colecionador relata detalhes sobre a compra e os desafios para estabelecer os termos do contrato. Carvalho aborda ainda o processo de institucionalização de sua coleção e o desejo de exibi-la permanentemente ao público, em local a ser definido.
El Proyecto Educativo del Gobierno del Distrito Federal
Authors: Medina Espino Mtra. Adriana 
Published: September 2018

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de reflexionar acerca de la génesis del proyecto educativo impulsado por el Gobierno del Distrito Federal (GDF) –el cual ya está en marcha atendiendo el nivel medio superior a través del Sistema de Bachillerato del Gobierno del Distrito Federal, y el nivel superior con la creación de la Universidad de la Ciudad de México (UCM)–, considerando los documentos oficiales que registran su creación, así como algunas de las reacciones que suscitó en distintos actores vinculados al tema de la educación, en un primer momento, este proyecto.AbstractThis work proposes to reflect on the genesis of the educative project prompted by the Federal District Government (GDF), Mexico City, which is nowadays working at the secondary higher education level through the High School System of the Federal District Government, and at the higher education level with the creation of the Universidad de la Ciudad de México (UCM), considering the official documents that register its creation, as well as some of the first reactions that arouse from this project in different areas linked to the topic of educational.
Educación ambiental en las representaciones de docentes de escuelas secundarias
Authors: Calixto Flores Dr. Raúl 
Published: September 2018

En este artículo se describen algunos de los principales resultados de una investigación realizada con profesores de cuatro escuelas secundarias, de diferentes municipios del estado de Jalisco, México. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general conocer la conformación de las representaciones sociales (RS) del medio ambiente. Para ello se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, que comprendió la delimitación de la muestra, la exploración en las escuelas, la construcción de los instrumentos y el desarrollo del trabajo de campo. En los resultados obtenidos, destaca el hecho que predominan las RS naturalistas del medio ambiente, con palabras referidas principalmente a factores bióticos y abióticos. La importancia de este estudio reside en que las RS del medio ambiente, permiten a los profesores darle sentido al contenido de la educación ambiental; ya que el medio ambiente es precisamente el objeto de trabajo, reflexión, investigación y teorización de la educación ambiental.AbstractThis article describes some of the main results of research conducted with teachers from four secondary schools from different municipalities of the State of Jalisco, Mexico. This research aimed to know the overall conformation of social representations (SR) of the environment. We used a qualitative methodology, which included the definition of the sample, exploration in the schools, the construction of the instruments and the development of the field work. In the results, highlights the fact that predominantly naturalistic environmental RS with words referring mainly to biotic and abiotic factors. The importance of this study is that the RS of the environment, allow teachers to make sense of the content of environmental education; since the environment is precisely the object of work, reflection, research and theorizing of environmental education. Recibido: 07 de junio de 2012Aceptado: 28 de agosto de 2012