bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter Pea Cultivar/Breeding Line Screening for Grain Crop Potential in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Vann R. A. , Reberg‐Horton S. C. , Castillo M. S. , Mirsky S. B. , McGee R. J. 
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas
Winter pea is desirable for grain production in the southeastern USA.
Many pea cultivars/lines survive the NC winter with minimal cold damage.
Regional breeding efforts are needed for disease resistance in pea cultivars.
Pea grain yield was restricted by excessive heat during flowering.
Pea and wheat can be grown together and harvested simultaneously.
Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) is desirable for grain production in the southeastern United States to increase feed protein availability; however, there has not been any previous effort devoted to maximizing pea genetics for grain production in this region. Studies were conducted at six environments in North Carolina to assess pea grain potential. Nineteen pea cultivars/breeding lines were planted in monoculture and in mixture with three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of differing maturities. Pea cold tolerance, biomass production, disease incidence, maturity, lodging, and pea and wheat grain yield were assessed. The growth of only one pea cultivar/breeding line was severely inhibited by cold injury. Disease incidence was influenced by pea cultivars/breeding lines but not growth in monoculture or mixture with wheat. At the environments with heavy Sclerotinia pressure, grain yield of all pea cultivars/breeding lines was severely inhibited. All wheat cultivars reached physiological maturity prior to any pea cultivar/breeding line, and both species were harvested simultaneously using a combine with minimal difficulties. Pea yield was influenced by pea cultivar/breeding line but not growth in monoculture or mixture. Pea yield was greater with early maturing varieties. Pea grain yield potential across all pea cultivars/breeding lines was likely restricted by excessive heat during flowering. Many pea cultivars/breeding lines screened in this study out‐yielded the current pea available in North Carolina. Results indicated that pea and wheat can be grown simultaneously and that regional pea cultivar recommendations will enhance pea grain yield in the southeastern United States.
How Does Seed Vigor Affect Soybean Yield Components?
Authors: Caverzan Andréia , Giacomin Rafael , Müller Mariele , Biazus Cristian , Lângaro Nadia Canali , Chavarria Geraldo 
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas
Plants originated from the high‐vigor seeds presented more efficiency on nitrogen fixation.
Low vigor levels resulted in higher yield variability among plants.
Plants grown from high vigor seeds exhibited higher yield.
Several factors may limit the germination, growth, development, and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Thus, seed physiological quality is important for crop establishment and uniformity. Among seed quality characteristics, vigor plays a key role for grain production. The objective of this study was to evaluate how seed vigor affects the population density, plant growth, nitrogen fixation, sugar, and starch content in nodes and these influences on yield components in soybean. Treatments consisted of varying vigor levels of seeds of the DM 5958 RSF IPRO cultivar. Using accelerated ageing test, seeds were exposed to 32°C heat for 0, 120, 192, and 216 h to obtain 90%, 75%, 63%, and 48% vigor levels. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates at three locations. Root and shoot dry mass, leaf area, population density, plant height, stem diameter, nodulation, total soluble sugar and starch content, and grain yield components were measured. Plants grown from high‐vigor seeds had greater shoot and root dry mass, leaf area, population density, stem diameter, plant height, number of nodules, nodule dry mass, and thousand‐seed weight values. The numbers of productive and unproductive nodes and total soluble sugar and starch contents did not vary significantly with the treatments. Low vigor seeds resulted in increased production variability among plants while high vigor seeds resulted in higher yields due to a greater plant population density.
Methylmercury Dynamics in Upper Sacramento Valley Rice Fields with Low Background Soil Mercury Levels
Authors: Tanner K. Christy , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Marvin‐DiPasquale Mark , Fleck Jacob A. , Tate Kenneth W. , Linquist Bruce A. 
Published: June 2018

Few studies have considered how methylmercury (MeHg, a toxic form of Hg produced in anaerobic soils) production in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields can affect water quality, and little is known about MeHg dynamics in rice fields. Surface water MeHg and total Hg (THg) imports, exports, and storage were studied in two commercial rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, California, where soil THg was low (25 and 57 ng g−1). The median concentration of MeHg in drainage water exiting the fields was 0.17 ng g−1 (range: <0.007–2.1 ng g−1). Compared with irrigation water, drainage water had similar MeHg concentrations, and lower THg concentrations during the growing season. Significantly elevated drainage water MeHg and THg concentrations were observed in the fallow season compared with the growing season. An analysis of surface water loads indicates that fields were net importers of both MeHg (76–110 ng m−2) and THg (1947–7224 ng m−2) during the growing season, and net exporters of MeHg (35–200 ng m−2) and THg (248–6496 ng m−2) during the fallow season. At harvest, 190 to 700 ng MeHg m−2 and 1400 to 1700 ng THg m−2 were removed from fields in rice grain. Rice straw, which contained 120 to 180 ng MeHg m−2 and 7000–10,500 ng m−2 THg was incorporated into the soil. These results indicate that efforts to reduce MeHg and THg exports in rice drainage water should focus on the fallow season. Substantial amounts of MeHg and THg were stored in plants, and these pools should be considered in future studies.Core Ideas
MeHg dynamics were studied in two rice fields with soil THg near background levels.
Surface water MeHg and THg imports and exports and soil and plant storage were quantified.
Net surface water MeHg and THg import occurred in the growing season.
Net surface water MeHg and THg export occurred in the fallow season.
Annual MeHg and THg pools in straw and grain were similar to surface water loads.
Effect of using different proportions of inoculum during bioleaching on sludge dewaterability
Authors: Zhang Qingfang , Yang Wenfeng , Yang Qiyong , Wang Tianfeng , Chen Shenliang , Zou Moliang , Yang Zengye 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Bioleaching, the addition of bacteria to geological materials, has been applied to sludge to remove metals and improve upon sludge dewaterability. This paper investigates the effect of using different quantities of inoculum (bacteria) during bioleaching on sludge dewaterability. The analysis was based on bioleaching experiments conducted in a 20 L bio-reactor using different quantities of inoculum (20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 0%). Changes in pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were determined to gauge sludge dewatering. Results indicate that sludge dewaterability during the 2%, 10%, and 20% inoculum experiments declined through time. Decreased dewaterability is attributed to increases in the quantity of proteins and polysaccharides in slime EPS. Dewaterability improved during the 5% inoculum experiment, and reached a maximum when pH was 2.3. During this latter experiment, CST and SRF were reduced by 74% and 62%, respectively, in comparison to control conditions, while total EPS content decreased by 71%. The decrease in total EPS was primarily due to a decrease in proteins associated with tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). Thus, changes in the amount of proteins in TB-EPS and sludge pH played a crucial role in sludge dewaterability.
The Promising Role of Plant Tannins as Bioactive Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Ajebli Mohammed , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: June 2018

Background:Plant tannins are polyphenolic substances with various molecular weights and a variable complexity. Due to the beneficial effects for controlling chronic disorders particularly diabetes mellitus, this class of secondary metabolites has gained more interest in the recent years.Objective:We aimed through this review to collect, analyze and discuss all available information related to the antidiabetic effect of isolated tannins (including both condensed and hydrolysable varieties) and tannin-rich plants as well as the possible mechanisms of action involved in this antidiabetic activity.Methods and Results:Our bibliographic research was conducted to gather more than 41 medicinal plants containing tannins and 19 isolated tannins and tannin-rich crud extracts which were revealed to possess glucose lowering effect according to pharmacological studies.Conclusion:Hence, according to findings of the present review, tannins could be useful for prevention and management of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications and these natural products could be promising compounds for the discovery of new hypoglycemic agents.
Assessing and Grouping Chemicals Applying Partial Ordering Alkyl Anilines as an Illustrative Example
Authors: Carlsen Lars , Bruggemann Rainer 
Published: June 2018

Aim and Objective:
In chemistry, there is a long tradition in classification. Usually,
methods are adopted from the wide field of cluster analysis. The present study focusses on the
application of partial ordering methodology for the classification of 21 alkyl substituted anilines.

Materials and Methods:
The analyses are based on the concepts from partial order methodology and
cluster analyses. Here, with the example of 21 alkyl anilines, we show that concepts taken out from
the mathematical discipline of partially ordered sets may be applied for classification. The chemical
compounds are described by a multi-indicator system. For the present study four indicators, mainly
taken from the field of environmental chemistry were applied and a graph of the ordering (Hasse
diagram) was constructed.

Results:
A Hasse diagram is an acyclic, transitively reduced, triangle-free graph that may have
several graph-theoretical components. The Hasse diagram has been directed from a structural
chemical point of view. Two cluster analysis methods are applied (K-means and a hierarchical
cluster method) and compared with the results from the Hasse diagram. In both cases, the
partitioning of the set of 21 compounds by the component structure of the Hasse diagram appears to
be better interpretable.

Conclusion:
It is shown that the partial ordering approach indeed can be used for classification in the
present case. However, it must be clearly stated that a guarantee for meaningful results, in general,
cannot be given. For that, further theoretical work is needed.
Atom-based and Pharmacophore-based 3D – QSAR Studies on Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)
Authors: Nagamani Selvaraman , Kesavan Chandrasekhar , Muthusamy Karthikeyan 
Published: June 2018

Aim and Objective:
Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is a biologically active metabolite and
plays a wide variety of regulatory functions in human systems. Currently, several Vitamin D
analogues have been synthesized and tested against VDR (Vitamin D Receptor). Electrostatic
potential methods are greatly influence the structure-based drug discovery. In this study, ab inito
(DFT, HF, LMP2) and semi-empirical (RM1, AM1, PM3, MNDO, MNDO/d) charges were
examined on the basis of their concert in predicting the docking pose using Induced Fit Docking
(IFD) and binding free energy calculations against the VDR.

Materials and Methods:
Initially, we applied ab initio and semi-empirical charges to the 38 vitamin
D analogues. Further, the charged analogues have been docked in the VDR active site. We generated
the structure-based 3D-QSAR from the docked conformation of vitamin D analogues. On the other
hand, we performed pharmacophore-based 3D-QSAR.

Results:
The result shows that, AM1 is the good charge model for our study and AM1 charge based
QSAR produced more accurate ligand poses. Furthermore, the hydroxyl group in the side chain of
vitamin D analogues played an important role in the VDR antagonistic activity.

Conclusion:
Overall, we found that charge-based optimizations of ligands were out performed than
the pharmacophore based QSAR model.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some 1H-inden-1-one Substituted (Heteroaryl)Acetamide Derivatives
Authors: Karaburun Ahmet Cagri , Gundogdu-Karaburun Nalan , Yurttas Leyla , Kayagil Ismail , Demirayak Seref 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The synthesis of 2-[3/4-((6-substituted-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-
ylidene)methyl)phenoxy]-N-(heteroaryl)acetamide derivatives and the investigation of their anticancer
activity were studied.

Methods:
2-(3/4-Hydroxybenzylidene)-6-substituted-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones were reacted with
suitable 2-chloroacetamides to give 2-[3/4-((6-substituted-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)
methyl)phenoxy]-N-(heteroaryl)acetamide derivatives.

Results:
The structure elucidation of the newly synthesised 16 compounds was performed by IR,
1H-NMR, mass spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. The anticancer screening was carried
out in National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA.

Conclusion:
Compound 3e (2-(3-((6-chloro-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)-
N-(thiazol-2-yl)acetamide), exhibited highest growth inhibition against the leukaemia (61.47%),
non-small cell lung cancer (79.31%) and breast cancer (62.82%) cell lines.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gunawan Florence , Ng Hui Yi , Gilfillan Christopher , Anpalahan Mahesan 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring in type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
is not yet routine in clinical practice.

Objectives:
To quantify abnormal ABP patterns and their associations with diabetic complications,
and to assess the reliability of office blood pressure (OBP) for assessing BP in T2DM.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, eligible patients with T2DM underwent OBP and 24- hour
ABP measurements under standardized conditions and screening for diabetic complications.

Results:
56 patients (mean age 67 ± 10 years, males 50%) completed assessment. 43(73%) had a
known history of hypertension. Non-dipping and nocturnal systolic hypertension (SHT) were prevalent
in 31(55%) and 32(57%) patients, respectively. 16(29%) demonstrated masked phenomenon,
but only three (7%) demonstrated white coat effect. Nocturnal SHT had a significant association
with composite microvascular complications independent of daytime systolic BP control (adjusted
odds ratio (OR) 1.72(CI 1.41-4.25). There was no association between other abnormal ABP patterns
and diabetic complications. The sensitivity and specificity of OBP for diagnosing HT or assessing
BP control was 59% and 68% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 74%
and 52% respectively.

Conclusion:
Non-dipping, reverse dipping, nocturnal SHT and masked phenomenon are highly
prevalent in patients with T2DM with or without a known history of hypertension. Compared with
non-dipping, nocturnal SHT may be a stronger predictor of end organ damage. The reliability of
OBP for assessing BP in T2DM is only modest. Patients with T2DM are likely to benefit from routine
ABP monitoring.
Curcumin Modulates Glycolytic Metabolism and Inflammatory Cytokines via Nrf 2 in Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites Cells In Vivo
Authors: Das Laxmidhar , Vinayak Manjula 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Warburg effect is characterized by the upregulation of HIF-1 and c-Myc regulated
LDH-A, even aerobically owing to hypoxic environment and alterations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes
in cancer. Reduced antioxidant defence system in transformed cells favors higher ROS production, which plays
a significant role in carcinogenesis and acts as an important regulator of NF-κB. In addition, various proinflammatory
cytokines play active roles in maintenance and progression of cancer.

Objective:
In continuation with our previous studies illustrating the long-term effect of curcumin using a liver
tissue, present study was aimed to elucidate the anti-cancer effect of curcumin due to its long-term effect in the
regulation of glycolytic metabolism, NF-κB activation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Dalton’s
lymphoma ascites cells in vivo.

Method:
Spectrophotometric assays, RT-PCR and EMSA were performed to address the problems.

Results:
Results revealed that curcumin-induced activation of antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2 and downstream signaling
gene NQO1. Reduction of oxidative stress, down-regulation of NADPH: Oxidase, decline in ROS and
H2O2 levels were also observed. Activation of NF-κB, expression of COX2, HIF-1α and cMyc, as well as expression
and activity of LDH-A were significantly reduced by curcumin. Besides, expression of proinflammatory
cytokines was significantly down-regulated via reducing binding of nuclear protein with AP-1, NF-IL6,
ETS and NF-κB binding elements of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 promoters, respectively.

Conclusion:
Curcumin downregulates glycolytic metabolism via modulation of stress-activated genes and reduces
oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant defence system, which inhibits activation of NF-κB signaling
and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells in vivo.
A Longitudinal Study of Alterations of S100B, sRAGE and Fas Ligand in Association to Olanzapine Medication in a Sample of First Episode Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Gerasimou Charilaos , Tsoporis James N. , Siafakas Nikolaos , Hatziagelaki Erifili , Kallergi Maria , Chatziioannou Sofia N. , Parker Thomas G. , Parissis John , Salpeas Vasileios , Papageorgiou Charalabos , Rizos Emmanouil 
Published: June 2018

Background & Objective: Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a major mechanism in
schizophrenic disorder. Specifically, an increase in the inflammatory response in the central nervous
system is capable of activating microglial cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and thus activating apoptotic signaling. An increase in apoptosis may underlie a potential role of immune
neuropathology in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia and specifically, the onset of the disorder.
We analyzed in whole blood, levels of S100B, the receptor for advanced glycation end products
(RAGE) and the apoptotic marker Fas Ligand in a sample of 13 first episode of schizophrenia twice at
baseline before the initiation of any antipsychotic medication (A) and 6 weeks later following an antipsychotic
monotherapy with olanzapine (B) and in a sample of 10 healthy controls. The S100B,
RAGE and Fas Ligand showed statistically significant differences before and after treatment; the
S100B measurements yielded a p-value of 0.004 while the soluble RAGE and Fas Ligand measurements
yielded a p=0.03, and p=0.04 respectively. The differences between cases and controls were not
statistically significant for all measurements, with the only exception being the S100B values where
both samples A and B showed significantly higher values than the controls with p=8.5x10-8 and
p=2.9x10-10 respectively.

Conclusion:
The levels of S100B, RAGE, and Fas Ligand of drug-naive first episode psychosis patients
with schizophrenia were significantly higher than that of the same medicated first episode psychosis
patients, indicating that an increase of apoptotic signaling is present at the onset of schizophrenia
and is also associated with treatment progress.
Resurgence of the Interest in Microorganisms and Plants as Sources of Secondary Metabolites for Treating Staphylococcal Infections
Authors: Mikulášová Mária 
Published: June 2018

Background:
The golden era of antibiotic discovery from Actinomycetes peaked in the
middle of the 20th century and then got abandoned. Efforts to do a screening of synthetic compounds
libraries and rational target-based drug design were not successful and only a few new
classes of antibiotics have been described over the past 60 years.
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Objective: This review summarizes the newest knowledge about two untapped sources of antibacterial
natural products - microorganisms and plants.

Methods:
Research and review papers of the last decades were analyzed and the data were summarizes
to present the potential sources and mechanisms of natural products, which have the potential
to cope with staphylococcal infections.

Results:
By using modern molecular biological methods, metagenomics and sequencing, it was
found out that Actinomycetes harbor many more operons coding for secondary metabolites with antimicrobial
potential than we can account for. Methods to grow uncultured microorganisms have
been developed and the uncultured microorganisms show promising potential for new antimicrobials.
The inhibition of pathogenicity of microorganisms via Quorum sensing inhibition, inhibition of
virulence factor production or biofilm formation by plant extracts offers new ways to control antibiotic-
resistant pathogens. Plant extracts with resistance modifying activity, e.g. efflux pumps inhibitors
used as antibiotic adjuvants have the potential to restore the therapeutic activity of drugs.

Conclusion:
The findings from this review article confirm that new strategies, based on secondary
metabolites of Actinomycetes, uncultured microorganisms and plants may open new ways to overcome
the post-antibiotic era.
One Image Segmentation and Discrimination Method of Live Video System Applied in Sport Game
Authors: Laiguo Han 
Published: June 2018

Background:
In the field of video image processing, the segmentation and tracking method
has become a hot research field. According to the characteristics of soccer video and VAR (Video Assistant
Referee) System, in the paper, it proposes a fast algorithm of segmentation and tracking of the
players in the video.

Methods:
First, according to complementary advantages on the color expression in RGB (Red, Green,
Blue) space and HSI (Hue, Saturation, Intensity) space, it adopts the method based on combining the
main and auxiliary space to make segmentation of the objects in the video. Then, it compares with the
normalized color histogram of targets to make identification of which team the players belong to.

Results:
Finally, it adopts the context features of the players in the soccer video sequence; it combines
the method of template matching to realize the player tracking in the soccer video.

Conclusion:
The experimental results show that the tracking algorithm proposed in this paper can solve
the objects occlusion problem of the different players in the soccer match, and can track the different
players steadily, and it also can be adopted in the VAR system.
O fio da memória na ficção de Francisco José Viegas
Authors: Franco Adenize Aparecida 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta, com base na análise do romance português contemporâneo Lourenço Marques (2002), de Francisco José Viegas, algumas considerações a respeito da constituição da memória e das identidades configuradas no contexto pós-colonial que atingiu a África de língua portuguesa e pós-Revolução dos Cravos, em Portugal. Destaca-se, num primeiro momento, a verificação e catalogação de romances contemporâneos publicados em língua portuguesa nas duas últimas décadas e que estabelecem relações com a memória histórica recente de países mantidos em regimes totalitários. Subsequentemente realiza-se a análise do romance Lourenço Marques enquanto narrativa que configura tais elementos.---DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/abriluff.2018n20a438