bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight Decades of Hatchery Salmon Releases in the California Central Valley: Factors Influencing Straying and Resilience
Authors: Sturrock Anna M , Satterthwaite William H , Cervantes-Yoshida Kristina M , Huber Eric R , Sturrock Hugh J W , Nusslé Sébastien , Carlson Stephanie M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The California Central Valley contains the southernmost native populations of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, which inhabit a highly variable, anthropogenically altered environment. To mitigate habitat loss and support fisheries, millions of fall-run hatchery salmon are released each year, often transported downstream to avoid in-river mortality, with consequences not fully understood. We synthesize historical trends in release location and timing (1941–2017), focusing on outcomes influencing stock resilience, adult straying, and ocean arrival timing. Over time, juveniles have been transported increasing distances from the source hatchery, particularly during droughts. Transport distance was strongly associated with straying rate (averaging 0–9% vs. 7–89% for salmon released on site vs. in the bay upstream of Golden Gate Bridge, respectively), increasing the effects of hatchery releases on natural spawners. Decreasing variation in release location and timing could reduce spatiotemporal buffering, narrowing ocean arrival timings and increasing risk of mismatch with peak prey production. Central Valley salmon epitomize the pervasive challenge of balancing short-term (e.g., abundance) against long-term (e.g., stability) goals.
Common genetic variants have associations with human cortical brain regions and risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Bi Xuan , Feng Long , Wang Shiying , Lin Zijie , Li Tengfei , Zhao Bingxin , Zhu Hongtu , Zhang Heping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is a highly heritable mental disorder and is reported to be associated with measurements in cortical regions of the human brain. In this study, we considered genome‐wide association studies to uncover genetic effects on cortical regions and prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia. Specifically, area, thickness, and volume of 66 cortical regions derived from magnetic resonance imaging scans of 1,445 children and adolescents from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were studied. Two common variants were identified as being associated with two prefrontal cortical regions (one significant variant rs11601331 on chromosome 11p11 for right rostral middle frontal gyral area, p = 1.97 × 10
−8; one suggestive variant rs2345981 on chromosome 6q11 for left frontal pole gyral volume, p = 2.07 × 10
−7), where the significance of rs11601331 was independently replicated on the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics study of size 1,239 (p = 9.19 × 10
−3). Moreover, genetic effects on schizophrenia were investigated based on a sample of 8,719 subjects. The two identified variants rs11601331 and rs2345981 showed significant association with the longest prodromal symptoms duration (p = 0.048 and p = 0.027, respectively).
Improving qualities of e‐government services in Rwanda: A service provider perspective
Authors: Mukamurenzi Solange , Grönlund Åke , Islam Sirajul M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractE‐government implementation is growing worldwide. In the context of developed countries, as well as some developing ones, research provides tools to evaluate e‐government services and reflect on e‐government performance. However, in the least developed countries (LDCs), where the preconditions are in many ways more challenging, little is known about those services. While information technology can be imported, social, organizational, and infrastructural arrangements conducive to high‐quality service delivery must be developed locally. In contributing to understanding the challenges as well as opportunities involved, this paper explores the qualities of e‐government services in Rwanda, an East African LDC. The investigation focuses on service providers' views of the qualities, as it is only through their understanding of the situation that service quality can be improved. This is a qualitative study based on interviews with employees of government organizations and document analysis. We identify and discuss 28 e‐government service quality factors, which are grouped into nine quality dimensions—accessibility, availability, awareness, responsiveness, information quality, information security, ease of use, support, and cost. This research contributes to raising awareness about the qualities of e‐government services in Rwanda in particular but may also have relevance for other LDCs.
Thinking outside of the cell: Secreted protein kinases in bacteria, parasites, and mammals
Authors: Park Brenden C. , Reese Michael , Tagliabracci Vincent S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious decades have seen an explosion in our understanding of protein kinase function in human health and disease. Hundreds of unique kinase structures have been solved, allowing us to create generalized rules for catalysis, assign roles of communities within the catalytic core, and develop specific drugs for targeting various pathways. Although our understanding of intracellular kinases has developed at a fast rate, our exploration into extracellular kinases has just begun. In this review, we will cover the secreted protein kinase families found in humans, bacteria, and parasites. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(6):749–759, 2019
Evaluation of clinical pharmacy priority scoring methods in an adult medicine residency clinic
Authors: Krasniak Anne , Szymaniak Gregory , Conn Kelly M. , Phillips Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPatients with higher clinical pharmacy priority (CP2) scores are more likely to receive a medication recommendation from a pharmacist to resolve an identified medication related problem (MRP) in a family medicine clinic.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare a modified CP2 score to the original CP2 score in an adult medicine residency clinic and assess whether a modified CP2 score more appropriately captured patients in need of recommendations from a clinical pharmacist.MethodsA convenience sample of patients scheduled for visits in an adult medicine clinic had a comprehensive medication review (CMR) performed. All patients had the original CP2 score and modified CP2 score calculated retrospectively. Both versions of the CP2 scores were compared using Pearson correlation. The relationship between a recommendation from a pharmacist and each CP2 score was evaluated using Pearson correlation and t test.ResultsIn total, 148 patients who received a CMR by a clinical pharmacist were included in the retrospective chart review. Overall, there was a strong positive correlation between the CP2 score and the modified CP2 score (correlation coefficient (r) 0.968, P < 0.001); thus, as the CP2 scores increase, the modified CP2 score increases. Patients with higher CP2 and modified CP2 scores were more likely to receive a recommendation from a pharmacist (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was a moderate correlation between both scores and number of recommendations made (CP2: r = 0.436 [P < 0.001], modified CP2: r = 0.456 [P < 0.001]) which did not differ significantly.ConclusionsThe CP2 score and the modified CP2 score were both associated with pharmacist recommendations in an adult medicine clinic. Refinement of the CP2 score did not better capture patients in an adult medicine residency clinic with a recommendation from a clinical pharmacist.
MicroRNA‐524‐5p suppresses the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via targeting on FOXE1 and ITGA3 in cell autophagy and cycling pathways
Authors: Liu Hui , Chen Xi , Lin Ting , Chen Xingsheng , Yan Jiqi , Jiang Shan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs are beneficial for cancer therapy as they can simultaneously downregulate multiple targets involved in diverse biological pathways related to tumor development. In papillary thyroid cancer, many microRNAs were identified as differentially expressed factors in tumor tissues. In another way, recent studies revealed cell proliferation, cell cycling, apoptosis, and autophagy are critical pathways controlling papillary thyroid cancer development and progression. As miR‐524‐5p was approved as a cancer suppressor targeting multiple genes in several types of cancer cells, this study aims to characterize the role of miR‐524‐5p in the thyroid cancer cell. The expression of miR‐524‐5p was decreased in the papillary thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines, while forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) and ITGA3 were increased. In the clinical case, expression of miR‐524‐5p, FOXE1, and ITGA3 were significantly correlated with papillary thyroid cancer development and progression. FOXE1 and ITGA3 were approved as direct targets of miR‐524‐5p. miR‐524‐5p could inhibit papillary thyroid cancer cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis through targeting FOXE1 and ITGA3. Cell cycling and autophagy pathways were disturbed by downregulation of FOXE1 and ITGA3, respectively. Collectively, miR‐524‐5p targeting on FOXE1 and ITGA3 prevents thyroid cancer progression through different pathways including cell cycling and autophagy.
ncRNAs associated with drug resistance and the therapy of digestive system neoplasms
Authors: Feng Wei , Su Zhangyao , Yin Qingqing , Zong Wei , Shen Xianjuan , Ju Shaoqing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDigestive system cancer remains a common cancer and the main cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Drug resistance is a major challenge in the therapy of digestive system cancer, and represents a primary obstacle in the treatment of cancer by restricting the efficiency of both traditional chemotherapy and biological therapies. Existing studies indicate that noncoding RNAs play an important role in the evolution and progression of drug resistance in digestive system cancer, mainly by modulating drug transporter‐related proteins, DNA damage repair, cell‐cycle‐related proteins, cell apoptosis‐related proteins, drug target‐related proteins, and the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we address the potential mechanisms of ncRNAs underlying drug resistance in digestive system tumors and discuss the possible application of ncRNAs against drug resistance in digestive system tumors.
Early acid/base and electrolyte changes in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion: Aged male and female rats
Authors: Martha Sarah R. , Collier Lisa A. , Davis Stephanie M. , Goodwin Sarah J. , Powell David , Lukins Doug , Fraser Justin F. , Pennypacker Keith R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly changes in acid/base and electrolyte concentrations could provide insights into the development of neuropathology at the onset of stroke. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte concentrations, and outcomes in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model.Methods18‐month‐old male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent pMCAO. Pre‐, post‐ (7 min after occlusion), and at 72 hr of pMCAO venous blood samples provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple linear regression determined predictors of infarct and edema volumes from these values, Kaplan‐Meier curve analyzed morality between males and females at 72 hr, and a Cox regression model was used to determine predictors for mortality.ResultsAnalysis indicated significant differences in acid/base balance and electrolyte levels in aged rats not dependent on sex between the three time points in the pMCAO model. Changes in pH (from pre‐ to post and post‐ to 72 hr) and changes in sodium and ionized calcium (from post‐ to 72 hr) were predictors of infarct volume and edema volume, respectively. Cox Regression revealed there is a 3.25 times increased risk for mortality based on changes in bicarbonate (pre‐ to post‐MCAO).ConclusionsThese early venous blood changes in acid/base balance and electrolytes can be used to predict stroke outcomes in our rat model of stroke. This study provides potential biomarkers to be examined in the human condition that could provide profound prognostic tools for stroke patients.
Summertime precipitation deficits in the southern Peruvian highlands since 1964
Authors: Imfeld Noemi , Barreto Schuler Christian , Correa Marrou Kris Milagros , Jacques‐Coper Martín , Sedlmeier Katrin , Gubler Stefanie , Huerta Adrian , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrecipitation deficits remain a concern to the rural population in the southern Peruvian highlands and knowledge about their occurrence is lacking because of scarce data availability. For mountainous regions with sparse station networks, reanalyses can provide valuable information; however, known limitations in reproducing precipitation are aggravated due to unresolved topographical effects. In this study, we assess in a first step the representation of precipitation during the rainy season (January–February–March) in seven reanalysis data sets in comparison to a newly generated gridded precipitation data set for Peru. In a second step, we assess summer precipitation deficits in Peru during the second half of the 20th century.In the reanalyses data sets, we find biases strongly influenced by the topography of the models and low correlations for the rainy season. Thus, reanalyses do not solve the problem of data scarcity for this region either. Furthermore, we confirm that El Niño is not a sufficient stratification criterion for precipitation deficits during the rainy season (JFM) in the southern Peruvian highlands. Based on observational records and reanalyses, a considerable fraction of inter‐annual variability of precipitation can be explained through upper‐tropospheric zonal wind anomalies. Westerly wind anomalies, often related to the warming of the troposphere during an El Niño event, lead to dry conditions, but not all El Niño events produce these westerly wind anomalies. Atmospheric simulations indicate differences between precipitation deficits in central Pacific and eastern Pacific El Niño flavours, which cannot be addressed in observations due to reduced record length: Droughts in the southern Peruvian Andes during eastern Pacific El Niño events seem to be related to a stronger warming in the troposphere above the central Pacific ocean, whereas this is not the case for droughts during central Pacific El Niño events. These results, however, need to be further corroborated by model studies and palaeoclimatological research.
Projected changes in modified Thornthwaite climate zones over Southwest Asia using a CMIP5 multi‐model ensemble
Authors: Rahimi Jaber , Khalili Ali , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClimate change is known as one of the key challenges of the 21st century for sustainable agricultural development over Southwest Asia. However, not much is known about the way that climate changes might affect precipitation, temperature, and climate zones as their consequence over Southwest Asia. Here we have analysed probable changes in modified Thornthwaite climate zones by using monthly temperature and precipitation data from 320 meteorological stations during the historical period of 1971–2015, as well as the future projections of 17 GCMs (General Circulation Models) outputs under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in two future periods, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100. The CMIP5 climate projections were bias corrected using the correction factors derived in the historical period and applied to simulate future climatic conditions over Southwest Asia. Results derived from multi model ensemble projections of precipitation and temperature indicated that the regional mean annual temperature by the future period of 2071–2100 is expected to increase by 2.4 and 3.8°C, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Also, except for the southern and eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula, by 2071–2100, the mean annual precipitation would significantly decrease by on average 6.2 and 7.5%, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Computing climate types based on averages from three climatic periods (1971–2015, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100) showed that Southwest Asia tends to become warmer and dryer. For example, by the end of the 21st century, the percentage of the area occupied by the torrid‐arid climate type (which already covers 13.8% of the total area) would be 29.3 and 36.4% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. These changes are important because they would definitely have profound ecological, hydrologic, and social consequences and may affect the basic components of sustainable agricultural systems like crop and livestock productions.
Air‐In‐Water Emulsion Solely Stabilized by Gelatin Methacryloyl and Templating for Macroporous Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Sa , Jin Min , Chen Yunhua , Teng Lijing , Qi Dawei , Ren Li 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConcentrated emulsions are extremely interesting templates to produce macroporous hydrogels for 3D cell culturing and tissue regeneration. However, organic solvents have been intensively used as dispersing phases to prepare these emulsions, which could involve considerable efforts to purify the scaffolds to minimize their toxicity to cells. In this contribution, air‐in‐water emulsions without involving any organic solvents, stabilized solely by gelatin methacryloyl are reported. The emulsions can serve as promising templates to produce highly macroporous hydrogels, and the incorporation of Laponite clay is able to regulate the pore surface morphology and lead to significant increase of compressive modulus of the nanocomposite hydrogels. Furthermore, remarkable cell proliferation and increase of alkaline phosphatase activity are demonstrated in the macroporous nanocomposite hydrogels, indicating their great capability of promoting osteogenesis in the absence of osteoinductive factors.
Polyimide‐PEG Segmented Block Copolymer Membranes with High Proton Conductivity by Improving Bicontinuous Nanostructure of Ionic Liquid‐Doped Films
Authors: Woo Euntaek , Coletta Elyse , Holm Alexander , Mun Jaewan , Toney Michael F. , Yoon Do Y. , Frank Curtis W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe structure and properties of segmented block copolymer films of aromatic polyimide (PI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) doped with an ionic liquid are studied for potential polymer electrolyte membrane applications for fuel cells. Poly(amic acid) precursors of PI‐PEG copolymers of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride, 4,4′‐(1,3‐phenylenedioxy) dianiline, and bis(3‐aminopropyl) terminated PEG (Mn≈ 1500) are synthesized and then thermally imidized in membrane films, followed by swelling in ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) ionic liquid. The small‐angle X‐ray scattering results from the EAN‐doped PI‐PEG copolymer films show disordered bicontinuous phase‐separated nanostructures described by Teubner–Strey theory, with the interface fractal dimension determined from the Porod equation. Thermal annealing of the EAN‐doped membranes at 100–140 °C results in increased correlation lengths and smoother interfaces of the bicontinuous nanostructures. Such improved nanostructures lead to the increased ionic conductivity by two to five times with the maximum conductivity of 210 mS cm−1at 60 °C and 70% RH, much greater (nearly fivefold) than that of Nafion films, while maintaining the mechanical stability possibly up to 140 °C. Moreover, the investigation of the disordered bicontinuous phase‐separated nanostructure of EAN‐doped PI‐PEG copolymer membranes is highly relevant to understanding the nanostructures of hydrated Nafion membranes and segmented block copolymers in general.
Responsive and Degradable Highly Branched Polymers with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Groups at the Branching Points
Authors: Han Hongzhang , Kumar Rajesh , Tsarevsky Nicolay V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA hypervalent (HV) iodine(III)‐containing crosslinker, (diacryloyloxyiodo)benzene, is synthesized and its crystal structure is reported. Highly branched polymers with hypervalent iodine(III) groups as the building blocks present at the branching points are synthesized by copolymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate and the diacrylate crosslinker (up to 12 mol% vs the monovinyl monomer), under reversible deactivation radical polymerization (iodine transfer polymerization) conditions, which are employed to ensure that the incorporation of the crosslinker into the polymer chains is slow and gradual, that is, to limit the average number of pendant double bonds per chain and delay gelation. The branched polymers with (diacyloxyiodo)benzene‐type linkers are responsive and react with monocarboxylic acids, for example, acetic acid, which participate in ligand‐exchange reactions with the HV iodine(III) centers, and with reducing agents, for example, tributylphosphine, which reduce iodine(III) to iodine(I); both reactions lead to polymer degradation with the formation of random linear copolymers of tert‐butyl acrylate and acrylic acid.
Effect of carnauba wax as a part of feedstock on the mechanical behavior of a part made of 4605 low alloy steel powder using metal injection molding
Authors: Momeni V. , Hossein Alaei M. , Askari A. , Hossein Rahimi A. , Nekouee K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetal injection molding is a growing technology for producing complex metallic components. Preparation of feedstock for metal injection molding is a very crucial step during this process. This is because the deficiencies in quality of the feedstock once made, cannot be corrected by subsequent processing steps. One of the challenges in producing the feedstock is its formulation. In this study, the effect of the percentage of carnauba wax along with other binder constituents of paraffin wax, polypropylene and stearic acid is investigated on the density, strength, hardness and rheological behavior of a part, made of 4605 low alloy steel powder using metal injection molding process. For this reason, six binder systems including paraffin wax, polypropylene and stearic acid having different percentages of carnauba wax have been produced. After preparation of the samples, tensile testing, Vickers hardness test, density and rheological behavior of the samples have been measured and compared. The results show that carnauba wax as a part of feedstock, has a positive effect on the strength and density while negative effect on the hardness of the final sintered part. Also with the increase in the percentage of the carnauba wax inside the polymer binder, the viscosity of the feedstock was reduced significantly.
Estimation of priority weights based on a resampling technique and a ranking method in analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Basak Indrani 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIndividual judgments are sought in order to elicit values of the entries of pairwise comparison matrices in analytic hierarchy process. Some of these matrices are more consistent than others. But throwing out inconsistent matrices reduces the number of matrices. In this article, we propose a resampling technique to generate sets of pairwise comparison matrices, which pass the consistency check. The advantage of the resampling technique is that one can generate as many sets of pairwise comparison matrices as needed to select the ones that satisfy the consistency requirement. Based on these selected matrices, the priority weights of the alternatives are then estimated. We propose rank‐based statistical procedures to check the significance in the difference between estimated priorities of the alternatives to establish their most significant rank order.