bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction of sociocultural attitudes and gender on disordered eating
Authors: Douglas Valerie J. , Kwan Mun Yee , Minnich Allison M. , Gordon Kathryn H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Tripartite Influence Model posits that social agents emphasize a thin ideal for women and a muscularity ideal for men. There is a gap in the literature of how sociocultural body ideal internalization affects overall disordered eating symptoms in men and specifically drive for muscularity in women.MethodThe sample consisted of 1,929 participants (44.2% men) who completed online surveys. It was predicted that internalization would be a stronger predictor for overall disordered eating in women and for muscularity in men.ResultsWomen with high internalization had increased disordered eating symptoms in comparison to men, whereas for men, increased internalization was linked to more drive for muscularity, as compared with women.ConclusionsIt is important to emphasize, however, that men still exhibited higher rates of disordered eating symptoms when they had increased internalization and women exhibited an increased drive for muscularity when they had higher internalization.
Perceived burdensomeness, bullying, and suicidal ideation in suicidal military personnel
Authors: Crowell‐Williamson Gavin A. , Fruhbauerova Martina , DeCou Christopher R. , Comtois Katherine A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is a major public health concern among military servicemembers and previous research has demonstrated an association between bullying and suicide. This study evaluated the association between workplace bullying and suicidal ideation via perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness which were hypothesized to mediate this association.MethodFour hundred and seventy‐one suicidal Army Soldiers and U.S. Marines completed self‐report measures of suicidal ideation, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and bullying. A series of regressions were used to test the hypothesized mediation model using the baseline data from a larger clinical trial.ResultsPerceived burdensomeness was a significant mediator of the association between bullying and the level of suicidal ideation, but thwarted belongingness was not a significant mediator.ConclusionsPerceived burdensomeness may represent a malleable target for intervention to prevent suicide among military service members, and should be evaluated further as an intervening variable with regard to suicidality in the setting of bullying victimization.
New measures to assess the social ecology of youth: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Hamby Sherry , Taylor Elizabeth , Smith Alli , Mitchell Kimberly , Jones Lisa , Newlin Chris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis project used mixed methods to expand the understanding of social ecological constructs important to youth and develop measures to assess these constructs.MethodsEight focus groups and 24 cognitive interviews were conducted with adolescents and caregivers. These were followed by a survey completed by 440 youth ages 10–21 (average age: 16.38, standard deviation[SD] = 3.04).ResultsQualitative data revealed social ecological constructs that have received little prior research attention. These include three psychosocial strengths: relational motivation (inspiration from key adults), group connectedness (bonded to others in teams or organizations), and mattering (knowing your importance to significant others). One outcome was also identified: family well‐being (subjective psychological functioning of the family). Psychometric analyses indicated that the new quantitative measures have good to excellent reliability and validity.ImplicationsThe social ecology is complex and extends beyond commonly studied constructs such as social support and collective efficacy. More comprehensive assessments can further research.
The implementation of a culturally grounded, school‐based, drug prevention curriculum in rural Hawai‘i
Authors: Okamoto Scott K. , Helm Susana , Chin Steven K. , Hata Janice , Hata Emily , Okamura Kelsie H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article describes the process of infusing implementation strategies in the development of a school‐based drug prevention curriculum for rural Native Hawaiian youth. The curriculum (Ho‘ouna Pono) is a video‐enhanced, teacher‐implemented curriculum developed using a culturally grounded and community‐based participatory research approach. Throughout the development of the curriculum, strategies reflective of the domains of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were integrated into the teacher training manual, to promote the implementation, adoption, and sustainability of the curriculum in rural Hawai‘i. These strategies were validated through qualitative data across two interrelated studies with community stakeholders in rural Hawai‘i. Implications for prevention, community, and educational practices are described in this article.
Silencing of RHEB inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Tian Yuxi , Shen Liangfang , Li Fujun , Yang Junwen , Wan Xiaoping , Ouyang Miao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly known as one of the most prominent reasons for cancer‐related death in China. Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) and the mammalian target activity of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were found correlated with CRC, but their specific interaction in CRC was still to be investigated. Therefore, we explored whether RHEB gene silencing affected the cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by directly targeting the mTOR signaling pathway in cells previously harvested from CRC patients. A microarray analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the relationship between RHEB and mTOR. Eighty‐three adjacent normal tissues and CRC tissues were selected. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the positive expression rates of RHEB and Ki‐67 in the CRC tissues. Cells were then transfected with different siRNAs to investigate the potential effects RHEB would have on CRC progression. The expressions of RHEB, 4EBP1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl‐2), and bcl‐2‐associated X protein (bax) were determined and then the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptotic rate were also measured. We identified RHEB and mTOR as upregulated genes in CRC. Cells treated with RHEB silencing showed a decreased extent of mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1 phosphorylation and expression of RHEB, Ki‐67, mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1, bcl‐2, and PCNA as well as decreased activity of cell proliferation and differentiation; although, the expression of bax was evidently higher. Collectively, our data propose the idea that RHEB gene silencing might repress cell proliferation and differentiation while accelerating apoptosis via inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway.
Identification of a six lncRNAs signature as novel diagnostic biomarkers for cervical cancer
Authors: Luo Weiming , Wang Meng , Liu Juan , Cui Xuan , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCervical cancer is a tumor with the second highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and it is also the most common cancer and the eighth lethal factor among malignant tumors in Chinese female. This study aimed to identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that related to diagnosis and prognosis in cervical cancer to improve early diagnosis and treatment. First, we extracted transcriptome profilings of cervical cancer samples from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database, and then extracted the lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles. Based on the lncRNAs expression profiles of test set, we screened lncRNAs that related to progression of cervical cancer tumors. We found six lncRNAs associated with tumor progression in cervical cancer patients, in which five lncRNAs have highly similar expression patterns but the other one has the opposite expression pattern. We found that these six lncRNAs might be related to keratinization and immunity by enrichment analysis, and two of them (AC126474 and C5orf66‐AS1) were associated with prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. And these results were validated using the validation set. Overall, we identified six lncRNAs that played an important role in the development of cervical cancer, and two of them might be associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer, which provides new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.
Optogenetic stimulation of serotonin nuclei retrieve the lost memory in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bostancıklıoğlu Mehmet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow are memories stored and retrieved? It was one of the most discussed questions in the past century by neuroscientists. Leading studies of the period brought two different explanations to this question: The first statement considers memory as a physiological change in the brain and suggest that the retrieval of memory is only occurred by the same physiologic changes observed during the memory formation, while the second suggests that memory is a psychic mood stored in mind and the retrieval of memory is occurred by mystical energy fluctuations. Although the exact reason and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have not yet been fully understood, the approaches that centered the retrieval strategy of lost memory constitutes the basis of the treatment strategies in Alzheimer's disease today. The majority of treatment studies has based on the manipulation of the cholinergic system; however, although serotonin has mnemonic effects, its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has not been investigated as much as the cholinergic system. Here we show how serotonin affects the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in a comprehensive perspective and we suggest that the optogenetics manipulation of serotonin nuclei retrieve the lost memory by closing the inward‐rectifier potassium channel Kir2 on the memory engram cells. Also, we raise the possible effects of serotonin on the memory engram cells and the interactions between the amyloid‐centric hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the memory engram hypothesis to explain the pathophysiology of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease.
Cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway confers airway protection against oxidative damage and attenuates inflammation in an allergic asthma model
Authors: Antunes Géssica Luana , Silveira Josiane Silva , Kaiber Daniela Benvenutti , Luft Carolina , da Costa Mariana Severo , Marques Eduardo Peil , Ferreira Fernanda Silva , Breda Ricardo Vaz , Wyse Angela T. S. , Stein Renato Tetelbom , Pitrez Paulo Márcio , da Cunha Aline Andrea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAsthma is characterized by the influx of inflammatory cells, especially of eosinophils as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, driven by the release of the T helper 2 (Th2)‐cell‐associated cytokines. The cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway (CAP) inhibit cytokines production and controls inflammation. Thus, we investigated the effects of pharmacological activation of CAP by neostigmine on oxidative stress and airway inflammation in an allergic asthma model. After the OVA challenge, mice were treated with neostigmine. We showed that CAP activation by neostigmine reduced the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α), which resulted in a decrease of eosinophils influx. Furthermore, neostigmine also conferred airway protection against oxidative stress, attenuating ROS production through the increase of antioxidant defense, evidenced by the catalase (CAT) activity. We propose, for the first time, that pharmacological activation of the CAP can lead to new possibilities in the therapeutic management of allergic asthma.
Transforming growth factor β signaling pathway: A promising therapeutic target for cancer
Authors: Chen Yuhong , Di Cuixia , Zhang Xuetian , Wang Jing , Wang Fang , Yan Jun‐fang , Xu Caipeng , Zhang Jinhua , Zhang Qianjing , Li Hongyan , Yang Hongying , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is part of the transforming growth factor β superfamily which is involved in many physiological processes and closely related to the carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the TGF‐β structure, function, and its canonical Smads signaling pathway. Importantly, TGF‐β has been proved that it plays both tumor suppressor as well as an activator role in tumor progression. In an early stage, TGF‐β inhibits cell proliferation and is involved in cell apoptosis. In an advanced tumor, TGF‐β signaling pathway induces tumor invasion and metastasis through promoting angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. Furthermore, we are centered on updated research results into the inhibitors as drugs which have been studied in preclinical or clinical trials in tumor carcinogenesis to prevent the TGF‐β synthesis and block its signaling pathways such as antibodies, antisense molecules, and small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thus, it is highlighting the crucial role of TGF‐β in tumor therapy and may provide opportunities for the new antitumor strategies in patients with cancer.
Histological validation of pulmonary infarction detected with contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in patients with negative computed tomography pulmonary angiogram: A case series
Authors: Trenker Corinna , Dohse Marius , Ramaswamy Anette , Michel Christian , Görg Christian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this case series is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), suspicious pleural lesions, and negative computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA).Patients/MethodsBetween January 2017 and January 2018, we examined patients with an intermediate or a high‐risk Wells score and a negative CTPA with lung B‐mode ultrasound (LUS). In a total of six patients, pleural defects were identified and further examined by CEUS. Nonenhancing lesions or those with inhomogeneous enhancement were considered to be suspicious for an embolic event and biopsied for histological validation. The data analysis was retrospective.ResultsIn LUS, the lesions had an average size of 2.4 cm (range 2‐3 cm). Five were hypoechoic and one was complex. The shape was wedge shaped (n = 5) or round (n = 1), and the number was solitary (n = 4) or multiple (n = 2) with dorsobasal localization (n = 6). Three lesions were nonenhancing, and three had an inhomogeneous enhancement with areas with complete absence of enhancement. The histological examination showed pulmonary infarction in all six cases, and in one patient also cells of a lung carcinoma.ConclusionOur case series demonstrates the diagnostic potential of CEUS for detecting peripheral pulmonary infarction in patients with clinically suspected PE and negative CTPA scan regarding PE. A histological validation or a narrow follow‐up might be warranted in some cases.
Data Quality and Optimal Background Correction Order of Respiratory‐Gated k‐Space Segmented Spoiled Gradient Echo (SGRE) and Echo Planar Imaging (EPI)‐Based 4D Flow MRI
Authors: Viola Federica , Dyverfeldt Petter , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan , Ebbers Tino 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundA reduction in scan time of 4D Flow MRI would facilitate clinical application. A recent study indicates that echo‐planar imaging (EPI) 4D Flow MRI allows for a reduction in scan time and better data quality than the recommended k‐space segmented spoiled gradient echo (SGRE) sequence. It was argued that the poor data quality of SGRE was related to the nonrecommended absence of respiratory motion compensation. However, data quality can also be affected by the background offset compensation.PurposeTo compare the data quality of respiratory motion‐compensated SGRE and EPI 4D Flow MRI and their dependence on background correction (BC) order.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsEighteen healthy subjects (eight female, mean age 32 ± 5 years).Field Strength and Sequence1.5 T. [Correction added on July 26, 2019, after first online publication: The preceding field strength was corrected.] SGRE and EPI‐based 4D Flow MRI.AssessmentData quality was investigated visually and by comparing flows through the cardiac valves and aorta. Measurements were obtained from transvalvular flow and pathline analysis.Statistical TestsLinear regression and Bland–Altman analysis were used. Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of visual scoring. Student's t‐test was used for comparison of flow volumes.ResultsNo significant difference was found by visual inspection (P = 0.08). Left ventricular (LV) flows were strongly and very strongly associated with SGRE and EPI, respectively (R2 = 0.86–0.94 SGRE; 0.71–0.79 EPI, BC0–4). LV and right ventricular (RV) outflows and LV pathline flows were very strongly associated (R2 = 0.93–0.95 SGRE; 0.88–0.91 EPI, R2 = 0.91–0.95 SGRE; 0.91–0.93 EPI, BC1–4). EPI LV outflow was lower than the short‐axis‐based stroke volume. EPI RV outflow and proximal descending aortic flow were lower than SGREs.Data ConclusionBoth sequences yielded good internal data consistency when an adequate background correction was applied. Second and first BC order were considered sufficient for transvalvular flow analysis in SGRE and EPI, respectively. Higher BC orders were preferred for particle tracing.Level of Evidence 4Technical Efficacy Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:885–896.
An efficient RFCSA control strategy for PV connected quasi Z‐source cascaded multilevel inverter (QZS‐CMI) system
Authors: Ramya Rajendran , Sivakuaran Thangavel Swaminathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes an effective AI control technique‐based improved QZS‐CMI topology for interfacing PV system. Generally, the interface between the PV dc source and the load is accomplished by a QZSI. In the paper, the proposed control scheme is a consolidated execution of both the RF and CSA named as RFCSA. The principle goal of the proposed approach is to determine the efficiency of the PV system by the maximum power extraction. Here, the modeling design of QZS‐CMI is enhanced to deliver the maximum power from a PV power generating system. Initially, the objective function is defined based on their controller parameters and constraints such as voltages, current, power, and modulation index etc. These parameters are applied to the inputs of the proposed RFCSA technique. The proposed RFCSA technique is improved the voltage profile, power delivery, and minimizing the power oscillations while sharing the power to the load. The maximum power delivery to the load is ensured by an AI technique based on MPPT. The proposed AI‐based improved QZS‐CMI regulated the shoot‐through duty ratio and reduced the modulation burden. Moreover, the proposed RFCSA control technique reduced the injected power and regulates the dc link voltage, current, and frequency conditions. The proposed technique is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink platform, and their output performance is compared with the existing methods for different loading conditions.
Novel techniques for numerically efficient solution of multiscale problems in computational electromagnetics
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Mittra Raj 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiscale problems in numerical electromagnetics are becoming increasingly common with the advent and widespread usage of compact mobile phones, body area networks, small and nano antennas, sensors, high‐speed interconnects, integrated circuits, and complex electronic packaging structures, to name just a few commercial applications. Numerical electromagnetic modeling and simulation of structures with multiscale features are highly challenging due to the fact that electrically small as well as large features are simultaneously present in the model that demands for discretization of the computational domain such that the number of degrees of freedom is very large, thus levying a heavy burden on the computational resources. The multiscale nature of a given problem also exacerbates the challenge of generating very fine meshes that do not introduce instabilities or ill‐conditioned behaviors.In this paper, we present novel techniques for an efficient solution of multiscale problems in the time‐domain. The proposed techniques handle arbitrarily shaped objects with fine features by using the dipole moment–based method of moments (MoM) type formulation in the MoM domain and electrically large objects in the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) domain. Scattered fields in the MoM domain are obtained in closed forms and directly in the time‐domain at the desired observation points on a planar interface, which are combined with the conventional FDTD update equations. The time‐domain scattered fields computed by using the MoM formulations presented herein are stable in their implementation.
CCN5 Reduces Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy by Modulating the TGF‐β Pathway
Authors: Ye Sunghyeok , Kwon Woo‐Keun , Bae Taegeun , Kim Sunghyun , Lee Jang‐Bo , Cho Tai‐Hyoung , Park Jung‐Yul , Kim Kyoungmi , Hur Junho K. , Hur Junseok W. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTLigamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is the most important component of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Although the pathophysiology of LFH has been extensively studied, no method has been proposed to prevent or treat it. Since the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway is known to be critical in LFH pathology, we investigated whether LFH could be prevented by blocking or modulating the TGF‐β mechanism. Human LF cells were used for the experiments. First, we created TGF‐β receptor 1 (TGFBR1) knock out (KO) cells with CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 biotechnology and treated them with TGF‐β1 to determine the effects of blocking the TGF‐β pathway. Subsequently, we studied the effect of CCN5, which has recently been proposed to modulate the TGF‐β pathway. To assess the predisposition toward fibrosis, α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin, collagen‐1, collagen‐3, and CCN2 were evaluated with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. The TGFBR1 KO LF cells were successfully constructed with high KO efficiency. In wild‐type (WT) cells, treatment with TGF‐β1 resulted in the overexpression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of fibrosis‐related factors. However, in KO cells, the responses to TGF‐β1 stimulation were significantly lower. In addition, CCN5 and TGF‐β1 co‐treatment caused a notable reduction in mRNA expression levels compared with TGF‐β1 stimulation only. The αSMA protein expression increased with TGF‐β1 but decreased with CCN5 treatment. TGF‐β1 induced LF cell transdifferentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. However, this cell transition dramatically decreased in the presence of CCN5. In conclusion, CCN5 could prevent LFH by modulating the TGF‐β pathway. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2634–2644, 2019