bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both maternal and paternal risk factors for term singleton low birthweight infants in rural Chinese population: a population-based, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Shi , Yang Yingying , Qu Yimin , Zou Yun , Zhu Huijuan , Yang Hongbo , Gong Fengying , Wang Linjie , Jiang Yu , Lian Bill Q. , Liu Cynthia , Yan Chengsheng , Li Jianqiang , Wang Qing , Zhang Shi-kun , Pan Hui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNo large population-based study has focused on both maternal paternal risk factors for low birthweight (LBW) in China. We aimed to identify parental risk factors associated with LBW.A population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted on 202,725 singleton infants at 37–42 weeks. These term singleton newborns were classified as LBW with birthweight ≤2500 g(TLBW) and normal birthweight between 50th to 97th percentile (TNBW 50th–97th) according to Chinese singleton norms. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to find those parental risk factors of LBW by comparing two groups. TLBW and TNBW(50th–97th) occupied 4.8% and 70.8% of the study population, respectively. Logistic regression showed a significant association with positive maternal hepatitis B surface antigen (RR = 1.979, P = 0.047), irregular folic acid intake (RR = 1.152, P = 0.003), paternal history of varicocele (RR = 2.404, P = 0.003) and female babies (RR = 1.072, P = 0.046). Maternal smoking, hypertension and history of stillbirth were found related to LBW but no statistically significant. Positive maternal hepatitis B surface antigen, irregular folic acid intake, paternal history of varicocele had a negative effect on birth weight. Measures are necessarily taken to avoid them to improve pregnancy outcomes. Further studies should be done to investigate each detailed risk factors on LBW.
A Proof-of-Concept Study of Transcutaneous Magnetic Spinal Cord Stimulation for Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Niu Tianyi , Bennett Carol J. , Keller Tina L. , Leiter J. C. , Lu Daniel C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPatients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) cannot urinate at will and must empty the bladder by self-catheterization. We tested the hypothesis that non-invasive, transcutaneous magnetic spinal cord stimulation (TMSCS) would improve bladder function in individuals with SCI. Five individuals with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A/B, chronic SCI and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia enrolled in this prospective, interventional study. After a two-week assessment to determine effective stimulation characteristics, each patient received sixteen weekly TMSCS treatments and then received “sham” weekly stimulation for six weeks while bladder function was monitored. Bladder function improved in all five subjects, but only during and after repeated weekly sessions of 1 Hz TMSCS. All subjects achieved volitional urination. The volume of urine produced voluntarily increased from 0 cc/day to 1120 cc/day (p = 0.03); self-catheterization frequency decreased from 6.6/day to 2.4/day (p = 0.04); the capacity of the bladder increased from 244 ml to 404 ml (p = 0.02); and the average quality of life ranking increased significantly (p = 0.007). Volitional bladder function was re-enabled in five individuals with SCI following intermittent, non-invasive TMSCS. We conclude that neuromodulation of spinal micturition circuitry by TMSCS may be used to ameliorate bladder function.
Molecular, physiological and phylogenetic traits of Lactococcus 936-type phages from distinct dairy environments
Authors: Chmielewska-Jeznach M. , Bardowski J. K. , Szczepankowska A. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBacteriophage infection ofLactococcusspecies can cause serious disruption of dairy fermentation processes. The most common isolates from the dairy environment areSiphoviridaelytic 936-type phages. To gain specific knowledge about this group of phages in Polish dairies, we examined 90 isolates from 8 different locations. Based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, coupled with physiological and molecular studies, the isolated phages were divided into 8 distinct groups. Whole-genome sequencing of single representatives from each phage group provided data about their biology and genetic composition. The phages present an overall conserved genome organization. High sequence homology to another Polish isolate,Lactococcusphage bIBB29, indicates their close phylogenetic relatedness to this strain. Such similarity may be suggestive of a general genome conservation among phages persisting in Polish dairies. Comparative genome analyses with other 936-type phages revealed several discriminative traits, including the presence and position of HNH endonuclease genes, varying number oforfsin the early gene region, and a putative TpeX gene. Interestingly, host range of the sequenced phages was restricted toL.lactissubsp.lactisbiovar.diacetylactisstrains. The results provide new data regarding phages present in the Polish dairy environment and permit analysis of their biology, genome composition and relatedness to otherLactococcus936-type phages.
Astrocyte-specific overexpression of Nrf2 protects against optic tract damage and behavioural alterations in a mouse model of cerebral hypoperfusion
Authors: Sigfridsson Emma , Marangoni Martina , Johnson Jeffrey A. , Hardingham Giles E. , Fowler Jill H. , Horsburgh Karen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMouse models have shown that cerebral hypoperfusion causes white matter disruption and memory impairment relevant to the study of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. The associated mechanisms include inflammation and oxidative stress are proposed to drive disruption of myelinated axons within hypoperfused white matter. The aim of this study was to determine if increased endogenous anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory signalling in astrocytes was protective in a model of mild cerebral hypoperfusion. Transgenically altered mice overexpressing the transcription factor Nrf2 (GFAP-Nrf2) and wild type littermates were subjected to bilateral carotid artery stenosis or sham surgery. Behavioural alterations were assessed using the radial arm maze and tissue was collected for pathology and transcriptome analysis six weeks post-surgery. GFAP-Nrf2 mice showed less pronounced behavioural impairments compared to wild types following hypoperfusion, paralleled by reduced optic tract white matter disruption and astrogliosis. There was no effect of hypoperfusion on anti-oxidant gene alterations albeit the levels were increased in GFAP-Nrf2 mice. Instead, pro-inflammatory gene expression was determined to be significantly upregulated in the optic tract of hypoperfused wild type mice but differentially affected in GFAP-Nrf2 mice. In particular, complement components (C4 and C1q) were increased in wild type hypoperfused mice but expressed at levels similar to controls in hypoperfused GFAP-Nrf2 mice. This study provides evidence that overexpression of Nrf2 in astrocytes exerts beneficial effects through repression of inflammation and supports the potential use of Nrf2-activators in the amelioration of cerebrovascular-related inflammation and white matter degeneration.
Electrochemical metallization cell with anion supplying active electrode
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Wang Yaoyuan , Luo Yan , He Yuhan , Ma Mingyuan , Yang Rongrong , Li Huanglong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrochemical metallization (ECM) memories are among the various emerging non-volatile memory technologies, contending to replace DRAM and Flash and enabling novel neuromorphic computing applications. Typically, the operation of ECM cell is based on the electrochemical redox reactions of the cation supplying active electrode (e.g., Ag, Cu). Although extensively investigated, the possibility of utilizing new materials for the active electrode remains largely undiscussed. In this paper, an ECM cell with a Te active electrode is fabricated. It is found that the SET operation of the device occurs under negative voltage on the active electrode, which is opposite to that of the device with Ag electrode, indicating that the Te electrode supplies Te2− anions by electrochemical reduction. The influence of the electrolyte material on the switching properties is also found to be more significant for devices with Te electrodes. For Pt/GeS/Te and Pt/Ge2Sb2Te5/Te cells, repeatable unipolar and bipolar resistive switching are observed, respectively, which can be attributed to the rupture of the filament by Joule heating for the former and by ECM for the latter in the RESET process. The semiconducting properties of Te, the reversed operating polarity and the electrolyte dependent switching characteristics open up unprecedented prospects for ECM cells.
Handwritten-Digit Recognition by Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network based on HfO2 Memristive Spiking-Neuron
Authors: Wang J. J. , Hu S. G. , Zhan X. T. , Yu Q. , Liu Z. , Chen T. P. , Yin Y. , Hosaka Sumio , Liu Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough there is a huge progress in complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, construction of an artificial neural network using CMOS technology to realize the functionality comparable with that of human cerebral cortex containing 1010–1011 neurons is still of great challenge. Recently, phase change memristor neuron has been proposed to realize a human-brain level neural network operating at a high speed while consuming a small amount of power and having a high integration density. Although memristor neuron can be scaled down to nanometer, integration of 1010–1011 neurons still faces many problems in circuit complexity, chip area, power consumption, etc. In this work, we propose a CMOS compatible HfO2 memristor neuron that can be well integrated with silicon circuits. A hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on the HfO2 memristor neuron is proposed and constructed. In the hybrid CNN, one memristive neuron can behave as multiple physical neurons based on the Time Division Multiplexing Access (TDMA) technique. Handwritten digit recognition is demonstrated in the hybrid CNN with a memristive neuron acting as 784 physical neurons. This work paves the way towards substantially shrinking the amount of neurons required in hardware and realization of more complex or even human cerebral cortex level memristive neural networks.
High-altitude well log evaluation of a permafrost gas hydrate reservoir in the Muli area of Qinghai, China
Authors: Lin Zhenzhou , Pan Heping , Fang Hui , Gao Wenli , Liu Dongming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Muli area is the only permafrost region on the Chinese mainland wherein gas hydrates have been discovered. The gas hydrates are present in the fractures and pore spaces of the host rocks with a lamellar or micro-disseminated structure. By combining conventional and image logs, we describe the thickness of the permafrost layer and the well log responses of the gas hydrate reservoir, and calculate the porosity and gas hydrate saturation. We then analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different logging methods for evaluating gas hydrate reservoirs. Our results indicate that (1) gas hydrates are present below the permafrost in the Muli area, (2) gas hydrates predominantly occur in rock fractures, (3) the apparent resistivity is sensitive to gas hydrates present in pore spaces, and both apparent resistivity and acoustic logs are sensitive to gas hydrates present in fractures, (4) a density log is more appropriate for calculating porosity, and (5) gas hydrate saturation can be effectively calculated by the Archie equation, the modified Archie equation, and the Indonesian equation.
Reduced expression of Twist 1 is protective against insulin resistance of adipocytes and involves mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Lu Sumei , Wang Hong , Ren Rui , Shi Xiaohong , Zhang Yanmei , Ma Wanshan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInsulin resistance (IR) has become a global epidemic that represents a serious hazard to public health. However, the precise mechanisms modulating IR have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of transcriptional factor Twist 1 in adipocyte IR and to further explore the molecular mechanism. An in vitro IR model based on cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes was established under high glucose/insulin stimulation and an in vivo IR model in C57/BL6J mice induced by a high fat diet (HFD) was also developed. Lentivirus targeting Twist 1 silencing was introduced. The relationships between Twist 1 expression and IR state, mitochondrial dysfunction and the downstream insulin signaling pathway were assayed. Our results firstly showed the elevation of Twist 1 in IR adipocytes, and Twist 1 silencing attenuated IR. Then mitochondrial ultra-structural damage, elevated ROS, decreased MMP and ATP, and changes in mitochondrial biosynthesis-related genes in IR group indicated mitochondrial dysfunction. Further, the downstream IRS/PI3K/AKT/GluT4 pathway was showed involved in Twist 1-mediated IR. In total, we provide evidence of a protective role of Twist 1 silencing in relieving the IR state of adipocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction and the downstream IRS/PI3K/AKT/GluT4 pathway were involved in this Twist 1-mediated IR.
Turbulence in a matter-wave supersolid
Authors: Hsueh C.-H. , Tsai Y.-C. , Horng T.-L. , Tsubota M. , Wu W. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuantum turbulence associated with wave and vortex dynamics is numerically investigated for a two-dimensional trapped atomic Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). When the coupling constant of the soft-core interaction is over a critical value, the superfluid (SF) system can transition into a hexagonal supersolid (SS) state. Based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation approach, we have discovered a new characteristick−13/3scaling law for wave turbulence in the SS state, that coexists with the waveactionk−1/3and energyk−1cascades commonly existing in a SF BEC. The newk−13/3scaling law implies that the SS system exhibits a negative, minus-one power energy dispersion (E ~ k−1) at the wavevector consistent with the radius of the SS droplet. For vortex turbulence, in addition to the presence of the Kolmogorov energyk−5/3and Saffman enstrophyk−4cascades, it is found that large amount of independent vortices and antivortices pinned to the interior of the oscillating SS results in a strongk−1scaling at the wavevector consistent with the SS lattice constant.
Synergetic improvements of sensitivity and specificity of nanowire field effect transistor gene chip by designing neutralized DNA as probe
Authors: Hu Wen-Pin , Tsai Chih-Chin , Yang Yuh-Shyong , Chan Hardy Wai-Hong , Chen Wen-Yih 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeutral DNA analogs as probes for the detection of target oligomers on the biosensors based on the field-effect transistor (FET) configuration feature advantages in the enhancement of sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, we used phosphate-methylated nucleotides to synthesize two partially neutralized chimeric DNA products and a fully neutralized DNA sequence and adopted a regular DNA oligomer as probes on the polycrystalline silicon nanowire (NW) FET devices. The sequences of two neutralized chimeric DNAs close to the 5′ end were alternately modified with the phosphate-methylated nucleotides, and all probes were immobilized via their 5′ end on the NW surface. The non-specific-to-specific binding ratio indicated that the two 5′-end partially neutralized chimeric DNAs featured better performance than the regular and fully neutralized DNA oligomers. The partially neutralized probe design reduces the ionic strength needed for hybridization and increases the Debye length of detection, thus promoting the detection sensitivity of FET and achieving the limit of detection of 0.1 fM. By using an appropriate probe design, applying DNA oligomers with embedded phosphate-methylated nucleotides in the FET biosensors is a promising way for gene detection with high sensitivity and specificity.
Risk factors associated with extracranial atherosclerosis in old patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Lili , He Maolin , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with extracranial atherosclerosis (ECAS) in old Chinese patients with ischemic stroke. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: <60years group and ≥60 years group. The incidence, severity of ECAS and risk factors related to ECAS were compared between the two groups. In total, 921 patients were included in the analysis. The distribution of ECAS between the two age groups did not show difference (P = 0.747).But severe ECAS stenosis was more common in <60years group than in ≥60years group (x2 = 8.307, P = 0.013). Compared with <60years group, factors contributed to higher risk of ECAS in ≥60year group were hypertension(OR = 6.279, P = 0.000), heart disease(OR = 5.618, P = 0.032) and atrial fibrillation(OR = 7.477, P = 0.015). However, though smoking was higher in the <60years group (x2 = 7.664, P = 0.010) than in ≥60year group, multivariate analysis showed the difference was not significant(P = 0.879). Further studies should focus on risk factors in young ECAS patients. Different risk factors might contribute to ECAS in old age groups compared to young groups. Risk factor prevention/control measures should be strengthened in those with high risk of ECAS for decreasing stroke risk.
Mixed valence salts based on carbon-centered neutral radical crystals
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Yamada Chiaki , Furukawa Ko , Morita Yasushi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganic neutral radicals have been predicted to exhibit various electronic functions such as electrical conduction. However, most organic neutral radicals are insulators, because they cannot form sufficient intermolecular interactions due to the bulky substituent groups required for stabilization. Here we report that one-dimensional assemblies of carbon-centered neutral π-radicals, namely 4,8,12,trioxotriangulene derivatives, possess effective conducting pathways as a result of strong intermolecular interactions based on two-electron-multicenter bonding. The columns of trioxotriangulene derivatives with weak π-dimerization and uniform π-stacking exhibit semiconducting behaviors, with high conductivities of ~10−3 S cm−1 as a single component purely organic molecular system. We exploit this general tendency to form one-dimensional assemblies, and the large 25 π-electronic system with a robust condensed polycyclic structure, to obtain mixed-valence salts consisting of neutral radicals and the corresponding anionic species with a higher room-temperature conductivity of 1–125 S cm−1.
Intelligent identification of gas anomalous area by electro‐magnetic joint exploration technology
Authors: Peng Chen , Tao Yang , Xuexi Chen , Yongjie Liu , Tingxiang Chu 
Published: August 2018

For intelligent and accurate identification of the gas anomalous area, two geophysical exploration methods, namely, the direct current (DC) method and the transient electromagnetic method, were adopted for advance detection of the underground roadway before the joint inversion of the detection data to obtain the fusion image of apparent resistivity. Based on the high‐resistivity area in the image, the range of 13–65 m ahead of the driving face is the gas anomalous area. According to the test results of gas prediction indexes q and Δh 2, there is an area with high prediction values in front of the roadway, which is consistent with that determined by geophysical exploration. From the analysis of the thickness of exposed coal, there is an area with large coal thickness ahead of the roadway where there is an increase in gas content. The electrical characteristics of the coal are changed in the area, contributing to the anomalous resistivity, which keeps in consistency with the results of geophysical exploration. Therefore, the electro‐magnetic joint exploration technology can realize the intelligent identification of gas anomalous areas, which is of great significance for the efficient and accurate detection of gas anomalous area in the coal seam.
Causticum Hahnemannii – Der Hahnemannsche Ätzstoff
Authors: Seyfried Anne-Lore , Milleder Beatrice 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungEs werden ein Kater und ein Hund vorgestellt, die beide erfolgreich mit Causticum Hahnemannii behandelt wurden. Trotz unterschiedlicher Diagnosen führt die Individualisierung – eine wesentliche Säule der Homöopathie – zum Erfolg. Zudem zeigt jeder Patient seine ganz persönlichen Facetten von Causticum, sodass ein guter Gesamteindruck des Mittelbildes entsteht. Spannend ist auch die Repertorisation nach der Methode von Paul Herscu bei Mischling Gismo 2.
„Aerosound“ – ein realitätsnaher Test für die Sprachverständigung der Piloten?
Authors: Uike Kyoko-Nadja , Trabold Katja , Kunz Andres , Briner Hans Rudolf , Bron Denis 
Published: August 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Kommunikation über Funk ist in der Luftfahrtbranche äußerst wichtig. Deshalb gehört die Überprüfung der Hörfähigkeit zur regulären medizinischen Tauglichkeitsuntersuchung. Bisher werden diese Tests nur in Form von Audiometrien in ruhiger Umgebung durchgeführt, was nicht der Realität im Cockpit entspricht. Vor einiger Zeit wurde deshalb das realitätsnahe Testprogramm „Aerosound“ entwickelt: Originalfunkdurchsagen werden abgespielt, während im Hintergrund Cockpitgeräusche zu hören sind. Die Funksprüche müssen anschließend korrekt beantwortet werden, wobei ein wiederholtes Abspielen der Funkdurchsage erlaubt ist. Um die Durchführbarkeit und die Validität von „Aerosound“ zu überprüfen, wurden in einer Pilotstudie Militärpiloten und Piloten mit einer zivilen Fluglizenz (Private Pilote License, PPL) getestet und miteinander verglichen.
Update psychische Gesundheit von Piloten
Authors: Siedenburg Jörg 
Published: August 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Luftfahrt gilt als ultrasicheres System. Fehler, Zwischenfälle und Unfälle können jedoch katastrophale Konsequenzen haben. Wegen der Häufigkeit psychischer Veränderungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und deren Zunahme sowie einiger Ereignisse in den letzten Jahren ist das Thema psychische Gesundheit von Piloten zunehmend wichtiger geworden. Der wichtige Einfluss auf die Flugsicherheit wurde von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen herausgestellt. Bei den fliegerärztlichen Untersuchungen wird empfohlen, psychische Veränderungen mehr in den Blickpunkt zu nehmen. Deren Anteil an Incapacitations hat im Gegensatz zu den traditionell im Fokus stehenden organischen Veränderungen in den vergangenen Jahren zugenommen. Erschwerend ist die Tatsache, dass die meisten Veränderungen im Intervall zwischen 2 turnusmäßigen Untersuchungen zu erwarten sind. Außerdem erschwert das damit verbundene Stigma die Selbstoffenbarung. Weiterhin liegen im Bereich der Psychologie und Psychiatrie kaum einfache Tests vor, die psychische Veränderungen in der Zukunft ausschließen können. Verschiedene Vorschläge werden diskutiert, die Vorbeugung, Diagnose, damit auch die Möglichkeit einer Behandlung und das Vertrauen zwischen Piloten und Fliegerärzten optimieren sollen.