bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Phenomenology of Sacrifice in Marion, Patočka and Nancy
Authors: Kouba Petr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The phenomenon of sacrifice has been analyzed by Hegel, Kierkegaard, Bataille and many other philosophers. In my paper I intend to examine this phenomenon from the phenomenological point of view as outlined by Jan Patočka, Jean-Luc Nancy and Jean-Luc Marion. With their help I differentiate several kinds of sacrifice (strategic, moral, political, and religious), but above all, I am interested in the limits of sacrifice. Provided that the fields of morality, politics and religion are opened by sacrifice, is there any morality, politics and religion without one? And if so, what is the meaning of morality, politics and religion that are not based on some kind of sacrifice? These questions seem essential in our time, when the meaning of sacrifice is compromised by acts of terrorism. It is relatively easy to denounce terrorism and its propaganda, which uses the concept of martyrdom, as an inauthentic approach to the experience of sacrifice (Marion). But how can we break its spell if we believe that sacrifice brings our existence to completeness (Patočka)? How can we avoid inauthentic forms of sacrifice, if we believe that without sacrifice we must fall into nihilism and indifference?
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: “First Principles” analysis and simulations of electrical response in the classical range of frequencies below 1 THz and the resulting new role of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in electrical characterisation within Condensed Matter Physics
Authors: Viščor Petr , Viščor Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to investigate the full potential of the Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) when used to address various aspects of conductive and dielectric response within the field of Condensed Matter Physics and Electrochemistry, a new analysis of the electrical impedance experiments has been undertaken. Within the framework of quantum mechanical band structure and using the concept of electrochemical potential for each of the relevant energies, the problem of electrical response in condensed phase has been formulated, using augmented Maxwell equations of Classical Electrodynamics, as a boundary value problem of a set of coupled, non-linear parabolic equations in energy, space and time. The result of this numerical analysis is a principal possibility of a complete electrical characterisation of both monocrystals, glassy solids and liquids. The EIS has been put in this way on a new qualitative level and should be considered now as the most general electrical experimental characterisation tool available. In this article, a methodology of numerical simulations of electrical response in condensed matter systems at classical frequencies (from ~1 THz down to dc) is presented and the numerical simulation results are then discussed, using monocrystalline Silicon, chalcogenide glass ion conductor Agx(AsS2)1−x and simple aqueous chloride solution as experimental test cases. Some other unique results of the new EIS analysis will also be discussed. These include the possibility of a clear distinction between the contribution to the electrical response from bound and mobile electrical charges, the possibility of simultaneous and independent determination of the mobile electrical charges mobility and their density in one EIS experiment and incorporation of the interfacial regions of the system under test (SUT) as an essential part of the overall electrical response.
Graph cutting and its application to biological data
Authors: Ždímalová Mária , Major Ján , Kopáni Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the concept of segmentation based on mathematical approach using graph theory algorithms using the family of augmenting paths algorithms. We present a new program, an implementation, algorithms and obtained results devoted to segmentation of biomedical data. We implement our program for handling with segmentation, counting a measure of the existence of the minerals in the biomedical data. As a consequence we prove the existence of minerals in the data obtained from the brain of rabbits.
Exact solutions of equal-width equation and its conservation laws
Authors: Khalique Chaudry Masood , Plaatjie Karabo , Simbanefayi Innocent 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work we investigate the equal-width equation, which is used for simulation of (1-D) wave propagation in non-linear medium with dispersion process. Firstly, Lie symmetries are determined and then used to establish an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras. Thereafter with its aid we perform symmetry reductions and compute new invariant solutions, which are snoidal and cnoidal waves. Additionally, the conservation laws for the aforementioned equation are established by invoking multiplier method and Noether’s theorem.
Review of muscle modelling methods from the point of view of motion biomechanics with particular emphasis on the shoulder
Authors: Bednarski Radosław , Bielak Adrianna , Wojciechowski Adam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Correct modelling of human muscle is very difficult issue. The digital model can be used for understandig, how the muscle works, what kinds of processes take places during their work. It can be also used for check correctness of animation synteze. Researchers have developed many methods for creating shoulder models. They differ not only in the approach to creating models, but also in applications. In this article, the authors reviewed the methods of modelling muscles and applied these models for possible application in biomechanics.
Challenges and implication of full solar spectrum-driven photocatalyst
Authors: Nawaz Ahmad , Kuila Aneek , Mishra Nirmalendu Sekhar , Leong Kah Hon , Sim Lan Ching , Saravanan Pichiah , Jang Min 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Conventional metal oxide and its composites embrace the long-standing problem of using the combined visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. Doping with suitable impurities of metal, nonmetal, or its combinations for visible light enhancement is very well studied. However, the quantum efficiency of these photocatalysts does not produce an exciting appearance toward visible and NIR light when irradiated through either artificial or natural light. Furthermore, owing to the limited availability of solar light, challenges arise from the implication of these developed nano-photocatalysts. Therefore, the hybridized concept was developed for the effective use of either full or partial solar spectrum, even functioning in dark conditions. The present review focuses on the challenges of hybridized photocatalysts in storing and discharging the harvested photons obtained from the solar spectrum. The review vividly emphasizes the evolution of light-driven nanomaterials since its innovation and significant breakthroughs in brief, while a detailed presentation of the implications of hybrid photocatalysts for full solar applications, including the mechanistic features, charging-discharging characteristics, work function, charge carrier mobility, and interactions, follows. The article also delivers the substantial contribution of these materials in regard to energy and environmental application.
The effect of occupational exposure to petrol on pulmonary function parameters: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rahimi Moghadam Somayeh , Afshari Mahdi , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Khanjani Narges , Ganjali Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Exposure to petrol and gasoline can have harmful effects on the lungs. This review aimed to summarize the reported effects of this exposure on pulmonary function parameters.

Methods
Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive search in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. Irrelevant studies were excluded. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score (NOS). The standard mean difference of pulmonary parameters between exposed and unexposed petrol station attendants was pooled using random effects. Meta-regression was used to investigate factors probably related to heterogeneity. Studies affecting the total estimates were assessed during sensitivity analysis. The Egger test was performed to investigate any evidence of publication bias.

Results
Eventually, 26 studies entered the meta-analysis, and the pooled standard difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) in the exposed minus unexposed groups was −1.08 L (95% CI: −1.38, −0.78), −0.92 L (−1.15, −0.69), −0.65 (−1.01, −0.30), −0.51 L (−0.96, −0.06), −0.96 L/s (−1.21, −0.69), −0.78 L/s (1.14, −0.42) and −0.58 L/min (−0.90, −0.27), respectively, and showed a decrease in all pulmonary parameters in the exposed group.

Conclusion
Occupational exposure to petrol fumes is a risk factor for lung function and there is a reverse relation between lung function and the duration of exposure.
Stability selection for lasso, ridge and elastic net implemented with AFT models
Authors: Khan Md Hasinur Rahaman , Bhadra Anamika , Howlader Tamanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe instability in the selection of models is a major concern with data sets containing a large number of covariates. We focus on stability selection which is used as a technique to improve variable selection performance for a range of selection methods, based on aggregating the results of applying a selection procedure to sub-samples of the data where the observations are subject to right censoring. The accelerated failure time (AFT) models have proved useful in many contexts including the heavy censoring (as for example in cancer survival) and the high dimensionality (as for example in micro-array data). We implement the stability selection approach using three variable selection techniques—Lasso, ridge regression, and elastic net applied to censored data using AFT models. We compare the performances of these regularized techniques with and without stability selection approaches with simulation studies and two real data examples–a breast cancer data and a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma data. The results suggest that stability selection gives always stable scenario about the selection of variables and that as the dimension of data increases the performance of methods with stability selection also improves compared to methods without stability selection irrespective of the collinearity between the covariates.
Investigation of mesitylene-solvated group 13 mixed-metal halides: syntheses and crystal structures of bis(1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetrachlorido- and tetrabromidoaluminate(III) and (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetraiodidoaluminate(III). Variation of the gallium-π-arene bond strength
Authors: Küppers Luca , Frank Walter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bis(1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetra­chloridoaluminate(III), [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2Ga][AlCl4] (1), bis(1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetrabromido­aluminate(III), [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2Ga][AlBr4] (2) and (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)gallium(I) tetraiodidoaluminate(III), [1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3Ga][AlI4] (3) were synthesized from the corresponding subvalent GaI/AlIII mixed metal halides and characterized via C,H analysis, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric monoclinic space group Cc isotypic to [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2Ga][GaCl4]. For 2 and 3 the monoclinic space group P21/n is found, however, they are neither isotypic nor homotypic. While 2 is isotypic to [(1,3,5-(CH3)3C6H3)2In][InBr4], 3 establishes a new structure type. In the solids of all three title compounds coordination polymeric chains are found, in 1 and 2 built up from bis(arene)-coordinated, in 3 from mono(arene)-coordinated Ga+ ions and the corresponding AlX
4
− anions in a 1κCl:2κCl′ (1), 1κCl,Cl′:2κCl″ (2) or 1κCl,Cl′:2κCl″:3κCl‴ (3) bridging mode. Taking into account the weaker coordinating character of the AlCl4
− as compared to the AlBr4
− anion, in line with expectations the number of gallium halogen contacts is increased and the strength of the π-arene bonding is reduced in the bromide 2 as compared to the chloride 1. Finally, with the even more strongly coordinating AlI4
− anion the arene coordination is limited to one molecule. Considering mesitylene complexes of gallium, the formation of a mono(arene) complex is unprecedented and even considering group 13 elements in general, the formation of a mono(mesitylene) complex like 3 is unusual. Furthermore, compound 3 is the first structurally characterized arene solvate of a main group metal tetraiodidometallate.
STUDI KUALITAS GARAM HASIL PRODUKSI DENGAN METODE PRISMA RUMAH KACA DI DESA SEDAYULAWAS, KABUPATEN LAMONGAN, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Kurniawan Andi , Jaziri Abdul Aziz , Prihanto Asep Awaludin , Guntur Guntur 
Published: October 2019

Desa Sedayulawas merupakan salah satu sentra produksi garam di Lamongan. Potensi tambak garam di desa Sedayulawas cukup besar; hanya saja belum tergarap dengan baik. Sebagian besar petani garam masih menggunakan teknologi tradisional dalam usaha produksinya. Selain itu, kelemahan teknologi produksi garam tradisional adalah kuantitas dan kualitas garam yang dihasilkan relatif rendah dimana proses produksi sangat tergantung iklim dan cuaca. Maka dari itu diperlukan inovasi dalam memproduksi garam rakyat yaitu dengan Prisma Rumah Kaca. Prisma Rumah Kaca merupakan inovasi dalam memproduksi garam rakyat dengan menggunakan rumah kaca dan plastik geomembran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penggunaan Prisma Rumah Kaca untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi garam rakyat. Parameter yang diukur adalah suhu, salinitas, Mg, Ca, NaCl dan kadar air. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, kadar salinitas air penggaraman dari kolam penampungan air muda adalah 23 ppt, 23 ppt dan 24 ppt dengan nilai rata-rata adalah 23 ppt. Salinitas air pada kolam penampungan air tua adalah 34 ppt, 40 ppt and 22 ppt dengan nilai rata-rata adalah 32 ppt. Hasil uji laboratorium kualitas air didapatkan nilai rata-rata NaCl, Mg dan Ca air muda pada tambak garam adalah 115.000 mg/L, 313,6 mg/L dan 202,3 mg/L. Sedangkan hasil pengujian air tua menunjukkan nilai rata-rata NaCl, Mg dan Ca adalah 129.333,3 mg/L, 313,6 mg/L dan 214,3 mg/L. Dari hasil uji laboratorium kualitas garam prisma, didapatkan kadar NaCl sebesar 87,56%, kadar Mg sebesar 2,15%, kadar Ca sebesar 3,45% dan kadar air sebesar 5,86%. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan kalau kualitas garam prisma yang dihasilkan termasuk dalam kategori kualitas sedang dimana kadar NaCl garam prisma hanya 87,56%. Kualitas garam prisma juga belum memenuhi standart Nasional Indonesia (SNI 01-3556-2000) untuk garam konsumsi.
CARBON STORAGE OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM IN NORTH SULAWESI AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ACTION
Authors: Kepel Terry Louise 
Published: October 2019

North Sulawesi is one of the provinces that implements national / regional action plan (RAN / RAD) policies as part of a national effort to climate change mitigation. One of the land-based mitigation activities in North Sulawesi is to measure and monitore biomass and carbon stocks in forests including coastal forests where the measurement area is still limited. In 2013-2015, Blue Carbon Research Group conducted research in four locations in North Sulawesi, which aims to analyze the ecological conditions and the ability of coastal ecosystems, especially mangrove in sequestering carbon. Study sites situated in Ratatotok - Southeast Minahasa Regency, Kema - North Minahasa Regency, Lembeh Island – Bitung City and Sangihe Island – Sangihe Regency. A total of 17 species identified where B. gymnorrhiza, R. mucronata and S. alba found in all locations. Species diversity ranges from low to moderate, where species distribution is uneven. Carbon storage capacity is equal to 343.85 Mg C ha-1 in Ratatotok, 254,35 Mg C ha-1 in Lembeh, 387,95 Mg C ha-1 in Kema and 594,83 Mg C ha-1 in Sangihe. More than 59% of carbon storage are in the sediment. The average value of carbon storage in the four research sites is 456,86 Mg C ha-1 or 5,70 Tg C after converted to a total area of mangrove ecosystems in North Sulawesi. The value is equal to absorption of atmospheric CO2 by 20.70 Tg CO2e. Potential emission due to changes in mangrove conversion reach 0.42 Tg CO2e. Efforts to increase the contribution of reducing North Sulawesi emissions can be achieved by implementing emission reduction interventions through the rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove ecosystems.
Cornerstones of a Smart City: More Sustainable and More Versatile
Authors: KARASU ASNAZ Melike 
Published: October 2019

A smart city finds ways to
better serve its citizens, and brings together key urban systems, including
energy grids, water management, waste systems, smart mobility and
transportation based on the engineering applications. The smart cities should aim to strengthen the
socio-economic backbone of the city, so the subject needs to be addressed in multi-dimensional
framework. Thus, different disciplines such as engineering, architecture,
sociology, economics and urban design are practiced upon in order to design
smart technology plans and systems. Even though innovative smart city projects
offer sustainable, mobile, digital, safe infrastructures that enable
flexibility to different needs still there is no consent about what really
forms a city smarter. This paper considers smart
cities as integrated models, and aims at disclosing major catalysts for socioeconomic
development in smart city projects. Besides, discusses about the tools for
urban development enabled by knowledge-intensive digital applications, the role
of open data in smart mobility systems and nature-based solutions. Several
dimensions and elements of the smart cities are defined based on the projects
of five chosen cities located in different continents. Findings from each
project about their critical systems, salient concepts and driving elements are
utilized to conclude the study with triggers that can set cities on the path to
becoming smart.
Avrupa Yeşil Başkentlerin Yeşil Alan Politikalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: IRMAK Mehmet Akif , Avcı Büşra 
Published: October 2019

Birleşmiş Milletlerin 2018 yılı Dünya Şehirleşme Raporlarına göre dünya nüfusunun %55.3’ü kentlerde yaşamaktadır. Dünya genelinde kentlerde yaşayan nüfus oranı 1950’li yıllarda %30 civarında iken, 2030 yılına kadar % 60’a ulaşması beklenmektedir. Hızla artmakta olan kentleşme eğilimi nedeniyle, kentsel alanlarda hayati öneme sahip olan açık ve yeşil alanların varlığı, büyüklüğü ve etkin kullanımı gibi kavramlar oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Açık ve yeşil alanlar; kentsel ve kırsal alanlar arasında bağlantı kurma, rekreasyonel aktiviteler için olanak sağlama, çevre kirleticilerinin etkisini azaltma, mikroklimayı ve yüzey akışlarını düzenleme, kent estetiğini iyileştirme, bitki ve yaban hayatı türleri için uygun yaşam alanı oluşturma, insanların yaşam koşullarını iyileştirme ve daha birçok işlevi yerine getiren önemli kentsel biyotoplardır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, yeşil başkent kavramı ve Avrupa Yeşil Başkentleri üzerinden açık ve yeşil alanlara yönelik politikalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hayatın olağan akışı içerisinde fazlaca öneme sahip olan açık ve yeşil alanlar için kentsel yaşam kalitesini vurgulayan ve çevreci yönüyle dikkat çeken “yeşil başkent” kavramı ve bu kapsamda uluslararası tanınırlığı olan “yeşil başkent ödülü” irdelenmiştir. Bu ödülü kazanan kentlerin Türkiye’de yeterince tanınmadığı ve bu konuda Türkiye’de az sayıda araştırma yapıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, 2010-2020 yılları arasında Avrupa Yeşil Başkenti seçilen Stolkholm, Hamburg, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Nantes, Kopenhag, Bristol, Ljubljana, Essen, Nijmegen, Oslo ve Lizbon kentleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada literatür ve belge tarama yöntemi kullanılmış olup, Yeşil Başkent ünvanına sahip olabilmek için gerekli olan 12 gösterge çerçevesinde konu değerlendirilmiştir. Hazırlanan Yeşil Başkent başvuru raporlarında bulunan “Yerel Ulaşım ve Sürdürülebilir Arazi Kullanımını İçeren Yeşil Kentsel Alanlar” başlıklı bölümler üzerinde yoğunlaşılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda Türkiyenin yeşil alanlarına ilişkin temel politikaları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’den yeşil başkent ödülü için aday gösterilen kentlerin açık ve yeşil alanlara yönelik uygulamaları tartışılmıştır.
Gonadotroph adenomas as a cause of ovarian failure
Authors: Repina Margarita A. 
Published: October 2019

Aims of study. The current analysis was undertaken to evaluate the clinical significance of gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma in the development of ovarian insufficiency.
Study design, materials and methods. This follow-up study included six observations of patients with prolonged amenorrhea caused by gonadotropin-secreting pituitary microadenoma.
Results. In addition to amenorrhea, patients had complaints of headaches in history or at present, signs of psychotic depression, and neuroticism up to mental disorders in one case. There was found a dynamic decrease in the secretion of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones on the background of normal prolactin secretion, lowered antimullerian hormone levels, and signs of diminished ovarian reserve according to ultrasound. A tendency to a simultaneous decrease in thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxin concentrations was also noted. Performing MRI with contrast enhancement revealed pituitary microadenoma in all patients. They had no clinical signs of acromegaly or Cushing’s disease, with the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, somatotropic hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 remaining normal, which excluded corticotroph or somatotroph adenomas.
Conclusion. The clinical manifestation of gonadotroph adenomas, dependent on the secretory efficacy of gonadotropins and/or their subunits, is diverse. It includes the development of recurrent ovarian cysts, abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, and the development of persistent amenorrhea with psychosomatic disorders. If these symptoms are present, it is advisable to include pituitary MRI with contrast enhancement in the examination algorithm. Patients with gonadotroph adenomas are prescribed hormone replacement therapy and follow-up observation with dynamic MRI control of the tumor size (at 2–3-year intervals if no adenoma growth is seen).
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR BIOLOGY TEACHERS IN POST CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
Authors: Anif Sofyan 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The paper presents the mechanism and implementation of the Continuing Professional Development Program (CDP) also the effectiveness of the program for certified biology teachers.
Methodology: Certified biology teachers in Surakarta, Indonesia were involved in the survey after the implementation of the nine steps of continuing professional development. The nine steps of the CPD are self-evaluation, performance profile, proposed activity plan, determine activity plan, distribute activity plan, implement activity, self-performance assessment, activity reflection, and propose improvement activity.
Result: The evaluation result presented in this paper can be used as a platform to improve the implementation of CPD in the next batch to upgrade the competence of the certified biology teachers from the teachers’ education at the university level.
Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the continuing professional development for biology teachers in the post certification program is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.