bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiobjective thermodynamic optimization of a nanoscale Stirling engine operated with Maxwell‐Boltzmann gas
Authors: Shah Priyank , Saliya Pankaj , Raja Bansi , Patel Vivek 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent developments in nanotechnology provided an opportunity to solve many complex problems in the field of energy. Performance investigation of the nanoscale thermal cycles can prove crucial in the development of efficient and less polluting energy system. Due to the influence of boundary phenomenon and quantum degeneracy effects, a nanoscale engine performs according to statistical quantum thermodynamics instead of classical thermodynamics. In this study, a nanoscale Stirling engine operating on an ideal Maxwell‐Boltzmann gas is investigated for multiobjective optimization. Optimization problem of Stirling cycle is formed considering the thermal efficiency, ecological coefficient of performance and entropy generation. An application example of a nanoscale Stirling engine is presented and solved using Heat Transfer Search algorithm. Maxwell‐Boltzmann gas restricted in a finite domain is studied and the effect of different parameters, such as surface area ratio, volume ratio, and temperature ratio of the domain, is investigated. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the effect of design variables on the performance parameters. Further, influence of the source temperature and the number of particles of working fluid on the objective functions is studied and presented.
Astragaloside attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced cell apoptosis in human gingiva cells via MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Shen Xionghu , Sun Honghua , Cui Hai , Jin Yongmin , Jin Wenbo , Cui Xian , Guo Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSubjectsThe aim of this study was to research the antiapoptotic effect of astragaloside, the principal component of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, in human gingiva cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).MethodsAccording to the treatment, human gingiva cells were divided into five groups, including (1) control group without drug treatment; (2) imitating group, treated with LPS (10 μg·mL−1) alone; (3) low group, treated with LPS and 50 μmol·L
−1 astragaloside; (4) medium group, treated with LPS and 100 μmol·L
−1 astragaloside; and (5) high group, treated with LPS and 150 μmol·L
−1 astragaloside. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were investigated using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Apoptosis and mitogen‐activated protein kinase associated proteins were determined using Western blot analysis.ResultsLPS significantly suppressed the proliferation of human gingiva cells, but astragaloside obviously attenuated this change with a dose‐dependent manner. LPS significantly promoted the apoptosis of human gingiva cells, but astragaloside treatments significantly attenuated this change with a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, LPS could significant upregulated the expression of P‐p38, P‐JNK, Bax, and caspase‐3.ConclusionAstragaloside preformed a promising antiapoptotic role in apoptosis of human gingiva cells induced by LPS. This finding might provide us with a novel therapeutic method in tooth protection.
miR‐143 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via targeting FMNL1 based on clinical and radiologic findings
Authors: Cui Fusheng , Ji Yuqing , Wang Man , Gao Fengxiao , Li Yongcai , Li Xueshen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMounting evidence has reported that microRNA‐143 (miR‐143) is involved in the development of multiple cancers. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of miR‐143 regulating proliferation and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells, we evaluated the levels of miR‐143 and formin‐like protein 1 (FMNL1) in NPC tissues. The results of qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression of miR‐143 was decreased, while FMNL1 was increased in NPC tissues. The expression of miR‐143 was significantly elevated in NPC cells compared with that of human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The results of MiRcode prediction, dual‐luciferase reporter, and Western blot analysis assays indicated that miR‐143 negatively regulated the expression of FMNL1 (r2 = 0.4365P = 0.0001). Overexperssion of miR‐143 or FMNL1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in NPC cells (P < 0.05). Ectopic expression of FMNL1 undermined the inhibition effect of miR‐143 on proliferation, migration, and invasion in NPC cells. The findings of this study revealed that miR‐143 functioned as a tumor suppressor and inhibited the NPC progression by targeting FMNL1.
Retracted: Nimotuzuma restrains proliferation and induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells by regulation of EGFR/PI3K/AKT signal pathway
Authors: Liu Meihan , Zhang Jingzhe , Dong Hang , Wang Wenjun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a conversant malignant bone tumor, commonly occurs in children and adolescents. Nimotuzuma is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRF) monoclonal antibody agent, which has been exploited in varied solid tumors. Nevertheless, the functions of Nimotuzuma in OS remain blurry. We attempted to disclose the impacts of Nimotuzuma on OS cells proliferation and apoptosis. OS MG‐63 and U2OS cells were stimulated with the disparate doses of Nimotuzuma. Then, cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were appraised through executing CCK‐8 and flow cytometry assays. Moreover, the change of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was estimated via JC‐1 fluorescent probe to further probe the impacts of Nimotuzuma on cell apoptosis. The proteins of cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and EGFR/PI3K/AKT were appraised via western blot. Eventually, Nimotuzuma together EGRF or PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) were utilized to dispose MG‐63 to further uncover the latent mechanism. We found that Nimotuzuma remarkably repressed cell viability at a time‐ and dose‐dependent manners in MG‐63 and U2OS cells. The percentage of the S phase cells was evidently reduced by Nimotuzuma through regulating P21, Cyclin E1, and Cyclin D1. In addition, Nimotuzuma obviously evoked cell apoptosis, meanwhile elevated Bid, Bax, and cleaved‐caspase‐3. Further exploration showed that Nimotuzuma decreased ΔΨm in a dose‐dependent manner in MG‐63 and U2OS cells. Besides, we discovered the repressive functions of Nimotuzuma in OS cells proliferation and apoptosis via hindering the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. These investigations testified that Nimotuzuma repressed cell growth by restraining the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway in OS cells, hinting the antitumor activity of Nimotuzuma in OS.
Creative Potential and Multicultural Experiences: The Mediating Role of Creative Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Puente‐Diaz Rogelio , Toptas Seda Dilan , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith , Wimschneider Christine , Brem Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn two studies, one in Mexico and another one in Germany, we examined the indirect influence of self‐reported multicultural experience on creative potential, through its influence on creative self‐efficacy, and its direct influence on creative personal identity. In both studies, business students from Mexico and Germany completed a battery of questionnaires assessing creative self‐efficacy (with two different operationalizations), creative personal identity, multicultural experiences, and a divergent thinking task designed to generate ideas to solve two different business problems. Structural equation modeling was used to test our hypotheses. Results from both studies found a positive relationship between self‐reported multicultural experiences and creative personal identity. Similarly, multicultural experiences had an indirect, positive relationship with originality scores from a divergent thinking task, through its influence on creative self‐efficacy. Hence, the positive influence of multicultural experience on creative potential, through creative self‐efficacy, was established in two countries and with different operationalizations, trait like versus state like, of creative self‐efficacy. The implications of the results were discussed.
Risks of substance uses, alcohol flush response, Helicobacter pylori infection and upper digestive tract diseases—An endoscopy cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chuang Yun‐Shiuan , Wu Meng‐Chieh , Wang Yao‐Kuang , Chen Yi‐Hsun , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Wu Ming‐Tsang , Wu I‐Chen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study examines the effects of environmental hazards, including tobacco, alcohol/alcohol flush response, areca nut, and Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection on upper digestive diseases. This is a multi‐hospital‐based endoscopy‐survey cross‐sectional study. Subjects were received upper endoscopies in outpatient clinics at four hospitals in Taiwan between 2008 and 2013. Biopsy‐based methods or urea breath test were used confirm the status of H pylori infection. In total, 8135 subjects were analyzed. Higher cumulative amounts of alcohol consumption were at higher risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), higher cumulative amounts of tobacco consumption were at higher risk of peptic ulcer, and higher cumulative amounts of areca nut consumption were at higher risk of duodenitis. Alcohol flush response was significant risk for reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.18 and 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07‐1.31 and 1.06‐1.65, respectively). H pylori infection was inversely associated with ESCC risk (aOR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.40). In addition, H pylori infection was consistently and significantly risk factors for gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and duodenitis (aOR = 5.51, 1.84, and 2.10, 95% CI = 4.85‐6.26, 1.03‐3.26, and 1.71‐2.56, respectively). Besides the cumulative risk of alcohol, tobacco, and areca nut for Barrett's esophagus, ESCC, and peptic ulcer, respectively, presence of facial flushing was the significant risk for reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. H pylori infection was positively associated with peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and duodenitis, but inversely associated with ESCC.
Dopamine drives binge‐like consumption of a palatable food in experimental Parkinsonism
Authors: Mineo Désirée , Cacace Fabrizio , Mancini Maria , Vannelli Anna , Campanelli Federica , Natale Giuseppina , Marino Gioia , Cardinale Antonella , Calabresi Paolo , Picconi Barbara , Ghiglieri Veronica 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundProlonged dopaminergic replacement therapy in PD results in pulsatile dopamine receptors stimulation in both dorsal and ventral striatum causing wearing off, motor fluctuations, and nonmotor side effects such as behavioral addictions. Among impulse control disorders, binge eating can be easily modeled in laboratory animals.ObjectivesWe hypothesize that manipulation of dopamine levels in a 6‐hydroxydopamine–lesioned rats, as a model of PD characterized by a different extent of dopamine denervation between dorsal and ventral striatum, would influence both synaptic plasticity of the nucleus accumbens and binge‐like eating behavior.MethodsFood preference, food intake, and weight gain were monitored in sham‐operated and unilaterally lesioned rats, subjected to a modified version of Corwin's limited access protocol, modelling binge eating disorder. Electrophysiological properties and long‐term potentiation of GABAergic spiny projection neurons of the nucleus accumbens core were studied through ex vivo intracellular and patch‐clamp recordings from corticostriatal slices of naïve and l‐dopa–treated rats.ResultsSham‐operated animals with intact nucleus accumbens core plasticity reliably developed food‐addiction–like behavior when exposed to intermittent access to a highly palatable food. In contrast, parkinsonian rats were unresponsive to such restriction regimens, and also plasticity was lost in ventral spiny neurons. Chronic l‐dopa reestablished long‐term potentiation and compulsive eating, but with a different temporal dynamic that follows that of drug administration.ConclusionsOur data indicate that endogenous and exogenous dopamine drive binge‐like consumption of a palatable food in healthy and parkinsonian rats with distinct temporal dynamics, providing new insights into the complexity of l‐dopa effects on the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Genetic silencing of striatal CaV1.3 prevents and ameliorates levodopa dyskinesia
Authors: Steece‐Collier Kathy , Stancati Jennifer A. , Collier Nicholas J. , Sandoval Ivette M. , Mercado Natosha M. , Sortwell Caryl E. , Collier Timothy J. , Manfredsson Fredric P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLevodopa‐induced dyskinesias are an often debilitating side effect of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease. Although up to 90% of individuals with PD develop this side effect, uniformly effective and well‐tolerated antidyskinetic treatment remains a significant unmet need. The pathognomonic loss of striatal dopamine in PD results in dysregulation and disinhibition of striatal CaV1.3 calcium channels, leading to synaptopathology that appears to be involved in levodopa‐induced dyskinesias. Although there are clinically available drugs that can inhibit CaV1.3 channels, they are not adequately potent and have only partial and transient impact on levodopa‐induced dyskinesias.MethodsTo provide unequivocal target validation, free of pharmacological limitations, we developed a CaV1.3 shRNA to provide high‐potency, target‐selective, mRNA‐level silencing of striatal CaV1.3 channels and examined its ability to impact levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in severely parkinsonian rats.ResultsWe demonstrate that vector‐mediated silencing of striatal CaV1.3 expression in severely parkinsonian rats prior to the introduction of levodopa can uniformly and completely prevent induction of levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, and this antidyskinetic benefit persists long term and with high‐dose levodopa. In addition, this approach is capable of ameliorating preexisting severe levodopa‐induced dyskinesias. Importantly, motoric responses to low‐dose levodopa remained intact in the presence of striatal CaV1.3 silencing, indicating preservation of levodopa benefit without dyskinesia liability.DiscussionThe current data provide some of the most profound antidyskinetic benefit reported to date and suggest that genetic silencing of striatal CaV1.3 channels has the potential to transform treatment of individuals with PD by allowing maintenance of motor benefit of levodopa in the absence of the debilitating levodopa‐induced dyskinesia side effect. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Projected changes in drought characteristics over the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Naik Myra , Abiodun Babatunde J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe devastating socioeconomic impacts of recent droughts in the Western Cape have intensified the quest for future drought mitigation measures. While ongoing global warming may increase atmospheric evaporative demand and worsen drought conditions, most studies on drought in the Western Cape have overlooked the role of potential evapotranspiration (PET). The present study examines the role of PET on future drought characteristics, focusing on four river catchments. Two drought indices, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), were analysed. The capability of the Co‐ordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment simulations to reproduce the drought characteristics was evaluated by comparing present‐day climate simulations with observations. The impacts of different global warming levels (GWLs) on the SPI and SPEI projections were assessed using self‐organizing map (SOM) classifications. The results project that a robust drying signal across the Western Cape, but the magnitudes of the projections, which vary across the river catchments, increase with the GWLs. The changes in the drought intensity and frequency are weaker when using the SPI than the SPEI, suggesting that SPI projections may underestimate the influence of global warming on drought because they do not account for the influence of PET. The SOM classification confirms the differences between the two drought indices reveals the drought patterns that are not seen in the drought ensemble means. Nevertheless, the study underscores the need to mitigate future drought impacts over the Western Cape, but with careful consideration on the drought index used in characterizing the droughts.
Multi‐subtype classification model for non‐small cell lung cancer based on radiomics: SLS model
Authors: Liu Jian , Cui Jingjing , Liu Fei , Yuan Yixuan , Guo Feng , Zhang Guanglei 
Published: April 2019

PurposeHistological subtypes of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are crucial for systematic treatment decisions. However, the current studies which used noninvasive radiomic methods to classify NSCLC histology subtypes mainly focused on two main subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC), while multi‐subtype classifications that included the other two subtypes of NSCLC: large cell carcinoma (LCC) and not otherwise specified (NOS), were very few in the previous studies. The aim of this work was to establish a multi‐subtype classification model for the four main subtypes of NSCLC and improve the classification performance and generalization ability compared with previous studies.MethodsIn this work, we extracted 1029 features from regions of interest in computed tomography (CT) images of 349 patients from two different datasets using radiomic methods. Based on “three‐in‐one” concept, we proposed a model called SLS wrapping three algorithms, synthetic minority oversampling technique, ℓ2,1‐norm minimization, and support vector machines, into one hybrid technique to classify the four main subtypes of NSCLC: SCC, ADC, LCC, and NOS, which could cover the whole range of NSCLC.ResultsWe analyzed the 247 features obtained by dimension reduction, and found that the extracted features from three methods: first order statistics, gray level co‐occurrence matrix, and gray level size zone matrix, were more conducive to the classification of NSCLC subtypes. The proposed SLS model achieved an average classification accuracy of 0.89 on the training set (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.846 to 0.912) and a classification accuracy of 0.86 on the test set (95% CI: 0.779 to 0.941).ConclusionsThe experiment results showed that the subtypes of NSCLC could be well classified by radiomic method. Our SLS model can accurately classify and diagnose the four subtypes of NSCLC based on CT images, and thus it has the potential to be used in the clinical practice to provide valuable information for lung cancer treatment and further promote the personalized medicine.
Multiple interleaved mode saturation (MIMOSA) for B1+ inhomogeneity mitigation in chemical exchange saturation transfer
Authors: Liebert Andrzej , Zaiss Moritz , Gumbrecht Rene , Tkotz Katharina , Linz Peter , Schmitt Benjamin , Laun Frederik B. , Doerfler Arnd , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo mitigate inhomogeneity in quantitative CEST MRI at ultra‐high magnetic field strengths (B0 ≥ 7 Tesla) using a parallel transmit system.MethodsMultiple interleaved mode saturation employs interleaving of 2 complementary phase sets during the saturation pulse train. Phase differences of 45° (first mode) and 90° (second mode) between 2 adjacent transmitter coil channels are used. The influence of the new saturation scheme on the CEST contrast was analyzed using Bloch‐McConnell simulations. The presented method was verified in phantom and in vivo measurements of the healthy human brain. The relayed nuclear Overhauser effect was evaluated, and the inverse magnetic transfer ratio metric was calculated. Results were compared to a published correction method. All measurements were conducted on a whole‐body 7 Tesla MRI system using an 8 transmitter and 32 receiver channel head coil.ResultsSimulations showed that the inverse magnetic transfer ratio metric contrast of relayed nuclear Overhauser effect shows a smaller dependency on the relative amplitudes of the 2 different modes than the contrasts of Cr and amide proton transfer. Measurements of an egg white phantom showed markedly improved homogeneity compared to the uncorrected inverse magnetic transfer ratio metric (relayed nuclear Overhauser effect) images and slightly improved results compared to corrected images. In vivo multiple interleaved mode saturation images showed similar contrast compared to corrected images.ConclusionMultiple interleaved mode saturation can be used as a simple method to mitigate inhomogeneity effects in CEST MRI at ultra‐high magnetic field strengths. Compared to previous correction methods, acquisition time can be reduced because an additional scan, usually required for correction, can be omitted.
A polyhedral analysis of the capacitated edge activation problem with uncertain demands
Authors: Mattia Sara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe capacitated edge activation problem consists of activating a minimum cost set of capacitated edges to ensure the routing of some traffic demands. If the demands are subject to uncertainty, we speak of the robust capacitated edge activation problem. We consider a capacity formulation of the problem and investigate, from a polyhedral perspective, the similarities and the differences between the robust capacitated edge activation and the robust network loading polyhedron, as well as between the polyhedra corresponding to different routing and flows policies.
Time‐Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Hutchison Amy T. , Regmi Prashant , Manoogian Emily N.C. , Fleischer Jason G. , Wittert Gary A. , Panda Satchidananda , Heilbronn Leonie K. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of 9‐hour time‐restricted feeding (TRF), early (TRFe) or delayed (TRFd), on glucose tolerance in men at risk for type 2 diabetes.MethodsFifteen men (age 55 ± 3 years, BMI 33.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2) wore a continuous glucose monitor for 7 days of baseline assessment and during two 7‐day TRF conditions. Participants were randomized to TRFe (8 am to 5 pm) or TRFd (12 pm to 9 pm), separated by a 2‐week washout phase. Glucose, insulin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and gastrointestinal hormone incremental areas under the curve were calculated following a standard meal on days 0 and 7 at 8 am (TRFe) or 12 pm (TRFd).ResultsTRF improved glucose tolerance as assessed by a reduction in glucose incremental area under the curve (P = 0.001) and fasting triglycerides (P = 0.003) on day 7 versus day 0. However, there were no mealtime by TRF interactions in any of the variables examined. There was also no effect of TRF on fasting and postprandial insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, or gastrointestinal hormones. Mean fasting glucose by continuous glucose monitor was lower in TRFe (P = 0.02) but not TRFd (P = 0.17) versus baseline, but there was no difference between TRF conditions.ConclusionsWhile only TRFe lowered mean fasting glucose, TRF improved glycemic responses to a test meal in men at risk for type 2 diabetes regardless of the clock time that TRF was initiated.