bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police Candidate Selection: Assessing the Effectiveness of Pre-employment Polygraph Screening
Authors: White Daniel Linn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe majority of law enforcement agencies in the USA use pre-employment polygraph screening as a pass/fail criterion for prospective applicants. However, the polygraph has a number of unresolved practical and theoretical issues that are pronounced in the pre-employment screening context. After reviewing the literature in 2003, the National Research Council concluded there is a strong risk that pre-employment polygraph screening may erroneously exclude a large number of otherwise suitable candidates. Meanwhile, police departments face increasing difficulties finding qualified candidates to hire, and are often unable to keep pace with force attrition due to retirements and other factors. In light of these facts, this study attempts to determine if the polygraph is an effective means of filtering undesirable candidates by comparing data on police officer arrests between states that mandate pre-employment polygraph screening for law enforcement personnel and those that forbid the practice as a matter of law. The results were both surprising and completely contrary to initial expectations. It was found that states using the polygraph have significantly fewer years of service at the time of arrest and more per-capita arrests than police agencies in states that forbid the practice. Based on these results and a review of the polygraph literature, this study concludes that sole reliance on polygraph results as a pass/fail criterion for police hiring is a misguided practice.
Sleep disturbance in women who undergo surgical menopause compared with women who experience natural menopause
Authors: Cho Na Young , Kim Soriul , Nowakowski Sara , Shin Chol , Suh Sooyeon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective:
Women who undergo surgical menopause (SM) experience a relatively more acute and precipitous drop of estrogen compared with women who experience natural menopause (NM). Few studies, however, have compared sleep quality in women who experience natural versus SM.

Methods:
Participants were 526 postmenopausal women (mean age 60.2 ± 7.64). All participants completed self-report questionnaires about insomnia symptoms, sleep-interfering behaviors, depression, sleep quality, and gynecological history. Analysis of covariance was conducted to compare women who experienced NM versus SM on sleep variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether NM or SM groups predicted insomnia status. Regression-based moderation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating effect of type of menopause on the relationship between sleep-interfering behaviors and insomnia symptoms.

Results:
Among the sample, 81.6% (n = 429) reported going through NM and 18.4% (n = 97) reported going through SM. The SM group was significantly younger by 7.2 years (P < 0.001). Women in the SM group reported significantly worse sleep quality (P = 0.007), especially for sleep duration (P = 0.001) and habitual sleep efficiency (P = 0.010) compared with women in the NM group. Regression analysis indicated that individuals in the SM group were 2.131 (95% CI 1.055-4.303) times more likely to have insomnia compared with the NM group (P = 0.027). In addition, women in the SM group who displayed more sleep-interfering behaviors also had a higher severity of insomnia symptoms compared with women who experience NM (ß = 0.26, P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Menopause can be both physically and psychologically challenging, but women who undergo SM experience worse sleep quality compared with women who experience NM, and may benefit from behavioral interventions.
The association of miR-25T>C, miR-32C>A, miR-125C>T, and miR-222G>T polymorphisms with a risk of primary ovarian insufficiency in Korean women
Authors: Cho Sung Hwan , Kim Young Ran , Kim Ji Hyang , An Hui Jeong , Kim Jung Oh , Ko Jung Jae , Lee Woo Sik , Kim Nam Keun 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of microRNA polymorphisms (miR-25T>C, miR-32C>A, miR-125C>T, and miR-222G>T) with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) in Korean women.

Methods:
We conducted a case-control study of Korean women: 142 participants with POI and 266 controls with at least 1 live birth and no history of pregnancy loss.

Results:
The haplotype-based multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis revealed that the T-C-T-G (miR-25/-32/-125/-222), T-A-C-G (miR-25/-32/-125/-222), C-T-G (miR-32/-125/-222), A-C-G (miR-32/-125/-222), T-G (miR-122/-222), C-T (miR-32/-125), and C-C (miR-25/-32) inferred haplotypes were significantly less frequent in POI (P < 0.05), which suggested potential protective effects. Participants with POI had significantly increased luteinizing hormone levels (P < 0.05), but hormonal levels, including luteinizing hormone, were not significantly different between POI women and control women with miR-32/-125/-222.

Conclusions:
After considering multiple comparisons, we concluded that miR-25T>C, miR-32C>A, miR-125C>T, and miR-222G>T had no relation with POI.
Distinct functions of soluble guanylyl cyclase isoforms NO-GC1 and NO-GC2 in inflammatory and neuropathic pain processing
Authors: Petersen Jonas , Mergia Evanthia , Kennel Lea , Drees Oliver , Steubing Rebecca Dorothee , Real Catherine Isabell , Kallenborn-Gerhardt Wiebke , Lu Ruirui , Friebe Andreas , Koesling Doris , Schmidtko Achim 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling essentially contributes to the processing of chronic pain. In general, NO-induced cGMP formation is catalyzed by 2 isoforms of guanylyl cyclase, NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase 1 (NO-GC1) and 2 (NO-GC2). However, the specific functions of the 2 isoforms in pain processing remain elusive. Here, we investigated the distribution of NO-GC1 and NO-GC2 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, and we characterized the behavior of mice lacking either isoform in animal models of pain. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that both isoforms are localized to interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn with NO-GC1 being enriched in inhibitory interneurons. In dorsal root ganglia, the distribution of NO-GC1 and NO-GC2 is restricted to non-neuronal cells with NO-GC2 being the major isoform in satellite glial cells. Mice lacking NO-GC1 demonstrated reduced hypersensitivity in models of neuropathic pain, whereas their behavior in models of inflammatory pain was normal. By contrast, mice lacking NO-GC2 exhibited increased hypersensitivity in models of inflammatory pain, but their neuropathic pain behavior was unaltered. Cre-mediated deletion of NO-GC1 or NO-GC2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons recapitulated the behavioral phenotypes observed in the global knockout. Together, these results indicate that cGMP produced by NO-GC1 or NO-GC2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons exert distinct, and partly opposing, functions in chronic pain processing.
Delivery of a community-based nutrition education program for minority adults
Authors: Downes Loureen S. , Buchholz Susan W. , Bruster Belinda , Girimurugan Senthil B. , Fogg Louis F. , Frock Margaret S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Chronic diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity disproportionately affect minority adults, including African Americans. Engaging in lifestyle changes such as improving dietary habits and increasing physical activity can decrease the incidence and severity of these chronic diseases. The purpose of this research study was to explore the impact of a nutrition education program on health behaviors, lifestyle barriers, emotional eating, and body mass index (BMI) in a community-based setting with a minority sample.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 47 primarily African American adults participated in two similar Full Plate Diet nutrition interventions for 6 weeks (group I) and 8 weeks (group II). Participants completed pre-assessment and post-assessment of fruit, vegetable, and fat intake, as well as pre-assessment and post-assessment on physical activity, healthy lifestyle barriers, emotional eating, and BMI.

Conclusions:
After intervention, there was a significant increase in intake of fruits and vegetables and decreased fat intake. No significant differences were found in physical activity, healthy lifestyle barriers, emotional eating, or BMI after the intervention.

Implications for practice:
A structured, community-based nutrition education program may result in improved dietary habits among African Americans.
Human trafficking: How nurse practitioners can help end modern-day slavery
Authors: Peck Jessica L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Nurse practitioners can be a powerful frontline force by collectively raising awareness of human trafficking (HT) through education; advocating for policy change at the local/state/federal level, providing primary prevention for contributory risk factors; and building a strong HT prevention program with the Social-Ecological Model. Together, NPs can lead through practice, education, advocacy, and research to promote optimal health outcomes and to end human trafficking.
Relapsed subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma evaluated by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Dong Ping , Wang Li , Zhu Hongmei , Li Lin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas expressing α/β T cell receptors that preferentially involves subcutis, and few reports have investigated the diagnosis of suspicious relapsed SPTCL using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Patient concerns:
A 15-year-old woman complaining of a growing painless subcutaneous mass on perinaeum recurred 2 months ago, suggestive of suspicious relapsed SPTCL, underwent FDG PET/CT for diagnosis and treatment follow-up.

Diagnosis:
Based on the feature of FDG PET/CT images which revealed multiple increased FDG-avid subcutaneous adipose tissue lesions on the left upper arm, the left chest and perinaeum, involvement of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes, and the effective chemotherapy, she was diagnosed with relapsed SPTCL.

Interventions and Outcomes:
Fortunately, the patient's skin lesions subsided gradually after 3 cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) regimen. Besides, complete remission was observed on interim-FDG PET/CT after 3 cycles of CHOP treatment.

Lessons:
FDG PET/CT can clarify the diagnosis in suspicious relapsed SPTCL, avoiding performing skin biopsy again.
Progressive large pediatric corneal limbal dermoid management with tissue glue-assisted monolayer amniotic membrane transplantation
Authors: Cho Wan-Hua , Sung Ming-Tse , Lin Pei-Wen , Yu Hun-Ju 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Limbal dermoids are choristomas known as congenital benign tumors found in abnormal locations. Despite the benign nature, enlarging limbal dermoids may cause visual abnormalities by cornea infiltration with fat component, visual axis invasion, gradually induced corneal astigmatism, and finally result in anisometropic amblyopia. Here we report a rare case of progressive, large pediatric corneal limbal dermoid in a newborn, managed with tissue glue-assisted monolayer amniotic membrane transplantation.

Patient concerns:
A 1-day-old male baby (gestational age, 36 ± 6 weeks; birth body weight, 2785 gram) presented to our clinic with a whitish mass on his right eye since birth.

Diagnosis:
Ocular examination revealed a solid, whitish-yellow, and ovoid mass with central keratinized epithelium over the superior limbus; the lesion covered two-thirds of the cornea with rapid progression in size. The final pathological examination revealed that the lesion is composed of keratotic lining squamous epithelium resembling epidermis, underling dermal fibrotic connective tissue, and mature fat.

Interventions:
The patient underwent deep lamellar excision followed by mitomycin C (MMC) soaking (0.2 mg/mL, 3 minutes) and tissue glue-assisted monolayer amniotic membrane transplantation with the ring conformer at 2 months of age.

Outcomes:
The ring conformer was smoothly removed 2 weeks after the operation. The patient showed a smooth healing process with less pain and rapid corneal re-epithelization. The ocular surface was stable during the follow-up visits, and no complications were detected. Only mild post-operative scarring over the incision wound was observed.

Lessons:
Although a combination of excision, lamellar keratoplasty, and multilayer amniotic membrane and limbal stem cell transplantation is advocated for the treatment of grade II and III pediatric corneal limbal dermoids, the procedure used in this study offers an alternative surgical approach. However, because of the large size of the lesion and the young age of the patient, the management of amblyopia with visual rehabilitation and corneal transplantation is still needed in the future.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between cystotome-assisted prechop phacoemulsification surgery and conventional phacoemulsification surgery for hard nucleus cataracts
Authors: Li Xin , He Ye , Su Ting , Tian Ying , Wang Yujue , Xia Xiaobo , Song Weitao 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the cystotome-assisted prechop phacoemulsification surgery (CAPPS) and conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) in patients with IV degree nucleus cataract.

Methods:
The prospective, randomized, consecutive, comparative cohort study consecutively recruited Chinese age-related cataract patients, CAPPS and CPS were performed by a seasoned surgeon. Postoperative follow-up was at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year, and the outcome measures comprised ultrasound power, effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell density (ECD), corneal endothelium loss rate (ECL), central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results:
Patients in both groups gained a better CDVA postoperatively. The ultrasound power and EPT in the CAPPS group were lower than the CPS group (P < .001). ECD value decreased at each follow-up visit and did not return to the preoperative level; CPS resulted in greater endothelial cell loss than CAPPS did, which was significant. CCT increased immediately after the surgery, and decreased thereafter. The mean CCT values returned to preoperative levels at 3 months after surgery in the CAPPS group while it took 6 months in the CPS group. The differences in cornea edema and anterior chamber flare between the 2 groups were not significant at 1 day postoperatively (P = .070 and .094, respectively), while at the 1-week time point, the differences were statistically significant (P = .002 and .001, respectively).

Conclusion:
CAPPS appears to be an excellent method for treating hard nucleus cataract.
High protein diet is of benefit for patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhao Wen-Ting , Luo Yu , Zhang Ying , Zhou Yun , Zhao Ting-Ting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrently, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is still increasing worldwide and has become a major public health burden.This meta-analysis was performed to further assess high protein (HP) diet on body weight, glycemic control, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in type 2 diabetes.A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases up to June 2018. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using RevMan 5.3 software.In total, 18 randomized control trials involving 1099 adults with type 2 diabetes were included. Pooled results indicated that HP diet could not significantly affect blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with low protein (LP) diet. However, the overall analyses showed the significant effect of HP diet on triglycerides reduction (SMD = −0.20, 95% CI = −0.35 to −0.05,P = .01) in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with LP diet. Subgroup analyses showed that the ratio of energy from fat and carbohydrate in diet could affect the effect of HP diet on weight and triglyceride.HP diet could be indicated to obtain beneficial results in weight loss and lipid metabolism.
Evaluating the optimal radiation dose for definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ke Te-Min , Fong Yao , Lin Li-Ching , Chien Yu-Wun , Yang Ching-Chieh , Lin Chia-Hui , Lin Kuei-Li , Que Jenny 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The optimal radiation dose for definitive chemoradiotherapy in inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been long debated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of doses greater than the conventional radiation dose (50.4 Gy) on tumor control, tumor response, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).
The database of patients diagnosed with inoperable ESCC from 2007 to 2015 was obtained from the cancer registry of Chi-Mei Medical Center. All categorical variables were compared using Chi-squared test. The risk of OS and DFS were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression, and Kaplan–Meier plots presented the trend of OS and DFS with log-rank tests used to compare differences. All significance levels were set at P < .05.
A total of 84 patients were retrospectively analyzed, with 42 (50%) receiving >50.4 Gy and 42 (50%) receiving ≤50.4 Gy (50%) concurrently with chemotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences between higher dose and conventional dose in OS (P = .21) and DFS (P = .26). Further dose analysis of <50, 50 to 50.4, 51 to 60, and >60 Gy showed no significant differences in OS or DFS. Higher doses conveyed no significant benefit on the failure pattern, either local regional failure or distant failure (P = .42). Major prognostic factors associated with better OS on multivariate analysis were stages I and II patients (P = .03) and radiation technique using arc therapy (P = .04). No acute toxicity of grade III or higher was recorded.
The results of our study show that providing higher than conventional radiation doses concurrent with chemotherapy for inoperable ESCC does not impact OS or DSF, nor does it improve locoregional failure or distant failure. Although tumor response might be improved by radiation doses >50.4 Gy, the impact on OS and DFS remain to be studied.
Perioperative predictors of moderate and severe postoperative pain in idiopathic scoliosis patients following spinal correction and fusion operations
Authors: Fan Qingqing , Xie Han , Ma Zhengliang , Chen Zhengxiang , Yan Tianhua , Ge Weihong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
To investigate the predictive factors of pain intensity during the first 48 hours after spinal correction and fusion operations for idiopathic scoliosis patients.
A total of 290 scoliosis patients who underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion operations were enrolled in this study. A standard surgical and analgesic method was implemented for all participants and pain intensity was evaluated at fixed times within 48 hours after the operation. Variables including demographics (age, sex, body mass index [BMI], patient sources), surgical variables (procedure, duration of operation), intraoperative variables (total transfusion, autologous transfusion, heterogeneous transfusion, fluid intake, use of preventive analgesia) were investigated.
On univariate analysis, BMI, transfusion type and not implementing preventive analgesia were associated with more serious pain after a scoliosis correction operation. Multivariate analysis indicated that receiving heterogeneous transfusion and not implementing preventive analgesia were significant predictive factors for moderate and severe pain after the spinal correction operation.
Our research indicated that the type of transfusion and preventive analgesia were significantly associated with the severity of pain. Body mass and patient sources should be considered before surgery. For patients under high risk of moderate and severe pain, the type of transfusion must be taken into consideration. This study explored the influencing factors of postoperative pain from a novel perspective, but some limitations existed in this present study, and future studies are needed.
Surgically treated rare intestinal bleeding due to submucosal hematoma in a patient on oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Yu Wei-Hua , Feng Chao , Han Tie-Mei , Ji Shun-Xian , Zhang Lan , Dai Yi-Yang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is a common complication of oral anticoagulant therapy (AT), and it usually appears as mucosal erosion or ulcer; however, intestinal submucosal hematoma (ISH) is an uncommon cause of hemorrhage.

Patient concerns:
This report presents the case of a 70-year-old woman with acute hematochezia induced by AT. She underwent computed tomography and endoscopy.

Diagnoses:
Colon submucosal hematoma.

Interventions:
Conservative treatment had no effect, and the patient underwent emergency surgery.

Outcomes:
Surgical resection showed hemorrhage and necrosis in the left colon, and the patient recovered 24 hours after surgery and continued AT.

Lessons:
The present case indicates that the ISH should be kept in mind as a complication of AT. It can be managed conservatively in some stable patients, but emergency surgery may be needed in some serious situations.
Evaluation of prognostic values of inflammation-based makers in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Cai Junjun , Wang Kai , Han Tao , Jiang Huiqing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Systemic inflammatory responses are associated with the development and progression of liver failure. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to platelet ratio (RPR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and MPV-to platelet ratio (MPR) are markers of systemic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic values of these inflammatory markers in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).
203 HBV-ACLF patients, 79 cirrhosis patients (LC), 63 chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 81 healthy subjects (HS) participated in this cohort study. Complete blood counts and biochemical examinations were obtained after overnight fasting. Multivariate analyses of 90-day outcome predictors were analyzed by Cox regression models. Survival probability curves were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method.
The levels of NLR, MLR, RDW, MPV, RPR, and MPR were significantly higher and PNI was lower in patients with liver failure at presentation compared to those in LC, CHB, and HS (P <.001). In acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients, NLR and MLR were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (P <.001), while other inflammatory markers showed no difference. ROC curve analyses showed that NLR combined with MLR had the highest AUC for identified poor outcome, followed by NLR, chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment (CLIF-SOFA), MLR, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and TBIL. Multivariate analyses showed that TBIL, NLR, CTP, MELD, and CLIF-SOFA were independent predictors for 90-day mortality.
Combination of NLR and MLR are more accurate prognostic markers for predicting poor outcome than either marker alone in ACLF patients. And this combination is superior to the CLIF-SOFA, MELD, CTP score, and TBIL in terms of prognostic ability.