bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining motivational forces to deliver team performance and a positive ROI
Authors: Phillips Patti P. , Phillips Jack J. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to illustrate how a combination of three motivational forces can deliver superior team performance in an unlikely setting. Because motivation is the key to the success of talent, exploring ways to motivate employees and teams has been at the forefront of behavioral research.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper focuses on the combination of three approaches: the use of an improved engagement system, enhanced team development and cohesiveness and the use of monetary incentives for recognition and achievement.

Findings
This combination of concepts delivered superior team performance in an unlikely setting.

Originality/value
This paper presents a program uniquely designed to motivate a team of employees using multiple approaches. The program delivered outcomes benefiting the organization’s bottom line while also rewarding employees and enhancing the team’s engagement.
Crowd pleasers: media characters in food company websites and apps for children
Authors: Hurwitz Lisa B. , Montague Heather , Lauricella Alexis R. , Alvarez Aubry L. , Pietrantonio Francesca , Ford Meredith L. , Wartella Ellen 
Published: May 2019

PurposeSocial cognitive theory suggests that children may have more favorable attitudes toward food products promoted by media characters who are similar to them, in terms of factors such as age, gender and race-ethnicity. This paper aims to profile the characters in food and beverage websites and apps for children and examine whether the healthfulness of promoted products varies as a function of character background.Design/methodology/approachThis study includes two parallel content analyses focused on websites and apps that were produced by America’s top selling food and beverage companies.FindingsThere were very few child-targeted websites and apps, but those that existed were replete with media characters. These websites/apps tended to feature media characters with diverse gender, age and racial–ethnic backgrounds. However, marketing featuring adult and male characters promoted particularly unhealthy foods.Social implicationsAmerican food companies, many of whom signed voluntary self-regulatory pledges through the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, should make a more concerted effort to refrain from featuring appealing media characters in child-directed new media marketing. Whether conscious or not, it seems as if food marketers may be leveraging characters to appeal to a wide audience of children of varied demographic backgrounds.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this manuscript is the only research to focus specifically on the demographic profiles (i.e. gender, age and race-ethnicity) of characters in food websites and the nutritional quality of the products they promote. It is also the first to systematically examine media characters in food apps in any capacity.
Psoriatic patients have a distinct structural and functional fecal microbiota compared with controls
Authors: Shapiro Jonathan , Cohen Nathaniel A. , Shalev Varda , Uzan Atara , Koren Omry , Maharshak Nitsan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlterations in the gut microbiome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriatic arthritis. This work aimed to characterize the gut microbial signature of patients with active psoriasis as compared with age‐, body mass index‐ and comorbidity‐matched non‐psoriatic controls and to correlate them with differential expression of metabolic pathways. Fecal samples were processed and 16S rRNA was sequenced. PICRUSt was used to perform an analysis of metabolic pathways. Of the 46 participants, 52% (n = 24) suffered from psoriasis. There was a significant difference in β‐diversity between the two groups. Psoriatic patients had a significant increase in the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla as compared with matched controls. At the genus level, psoriatic patients had a unique bacterial composition. At the species level, the psoriatic patients showed significant increases in the relative proportions of (false discovery rate, <0.05) in Ruminoccocus gnavus, Dorea formicigenerans and Collinsella aerofaciens, while Prevotella copri and Parabacteroides distasonis were significantly decreased as compared with controls. PICRUSt analysis revealed increases in metabolic pathways related to lipopolysaccharide function in the psoriatic cohort. These data demonstrate unique fecal microbial and metabolic signatures in psoriatic patients.
Profile of Phenolic Compounds Released from Rice Bran by Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei: Their Relation with Hydrolases Activity
Authors: Denardi de Souza Taiana , Leal Chiara Alves , Massarolo Kelly Cristina , Badiale‐Fulong Eliana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEvolution of Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei biomass in rice bran, their enzyme activity, and the profile of phenolic compounds released from the lignocellulosic matrices were determined and correlated by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA analysis confirms that cultivation of rice bran affected the release of methanol‐soluble phenolic compounds (MSPC), ethanol‐soluble phenolic compounds (ESPC), and bound phenolic compounds (BPC) positively, due to their enzymatic activity. The release of MSPC was influenced by the activity of cellulase and endoglucanase, which increased 110.6% and 136.3%, respectively, for Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei. Gallic acid was the main component in the MSPC and ESPC compound fractions. Ferulic and syringic acids were found in its bound (BPC) form in the biomass. This study showed that bioactive compounds be released from lignocellulosic materials by fungus action and this process can be conducted to obtain specific phenolic compounds.Practical ApplicationDue the demand by natural compounds with biological activity, such as phenolic compounds, it is interesting to purpose alternatives to enhance their yield, like for instance, by fungal fermentation of lignocellulosic material. Therefore, understanding the relations among different phenolic compounds released and the production of fungal hydrolases during growth of Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma reesei in solid state cultivation using rice bran as a substrate is fundamental to control the process. This knowledge gets viable scale up to apply the phenolic compounds as preservative in food chain, because this becomes possible directing the process to obtain specific bioactive compounds in less time of cultivation and with low cost.
Pretreatment of Miscanthus with biomass‐degrading bacteria for increasing delignification and enzymatic hydrolysability
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Zhao Yueji , Chen Xuantong , Shao Qianjun , Qin Wensheng 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBiomass recalcitrance is still a main challenge for the production of biofuels and high‐value products. Here, an alternative Miscanthus pretreatment method by using lignin‐degrading bacteria was developed. Six efficient Miscanthus‐degrading bacteria were first cultured to produce laccase by using 0.5% Miscanthus biomass as carbon source. After 1–5 days of incubation, the maximum laccase activities induced by Miscanthus in the six strains were ranged from 103 to 8091 U l−1. Then, the crude enzymes were directly diluted by equal volumes of citrate buffer and added Miscanthus biomass to a solid concentration at 4% (w/v). The results showed that all bacterial pretreatments significantly decreased the lignin content, especially in the presence of two laccase mediators (ABTS and HBT). The lignin removal directly correlated with increases in total sugar and glucose yields after enzymatic hydrolysis. When ABTS was used as a mediator, the best lignin‐degrading bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. AS1) can remove up to 50.1% lignin of Miscanthus by obtaining 2.2‐fold glucose yield, compared with that of untreated biomass. Therefore, this study provided an effective Miscanthus pretreatment method by using lignin‐degrading bacteria, which may be potentially used in improving enzymatic hydrolysability of biomass.
An Epworth Sleep Score ≥11 is associated with emergency operative birth and poor neonatal composite outcome at term
Authors: Robertson Nicole , Flatley Christopher , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDuring pregnancy, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale can be used as a surrogate marker for maternal sleep‐disordered breathing, a condition that is becoming increasingly prevalent in obstetric populations and is associated with a multitude of pregnancy complications.AimsThe aim of this observational study was to investigate the relationship between the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score and indication and mode of delivery during pregnancy.Materials and MethodsThe Epworth Sleepiness Scale was completed by 178 women at Mater Mothers’ Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.ResultsWomen with a score ≥11 were less likely to achieve a spontaneous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.88, P = 0.02), and were more likely to have an instrumental (aOR 2.81, 95% CI 1.30–6.08, P = 0.01) or any operative birth (instrumental and caesarean section aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.14–4.71, P = 0.02). These women were also more likely to have an operative birth for intrapartum fetal compromise (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 1.21–5.69, P = 0.015), as well as an infant with poor neonatal outcomes (aOR 2.77, 95% CI 1.09–7.03, P = 0.03).ConclusionsThese results show that symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing are associated with emergency operative birth, particularly when the indication for operative birth was intrapartum fetal compromise.
The association between gestational diabetes mellitus, antipsychotics and severe mental illness in pregnancy: A multicentre study
Authors: Galbally Megan , Frayne Jacqueline , Watson Stuart J. , Morgan Vera , Snellen Martien 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThere have been conflicting findings for severe mental illnesses and the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Outside of pregnancy, both severe mental illnesses and specific antipsychotic medications have been associated with an elevated risk for metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus.AimThis study examined the risk of developing GDM in relation to mental disorder, psychotropic treatment and comorbid risk factors.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of 539 pregnant women with mental disorders was carried out. Measures included GDM diagnosis, mental health diagnosis, psychotropic medication, body mass index, age, smoking, alcohol and illicit substance use.ResultsThis study found that women with psychotic disorders had a significantly elevated risk for GDM (20.9%) compared with women with non‐psychotic severe mental illnesses during pregnancy (P = 0.023), and nearly threefold the expected population rate (8.3%). Furthermore, women using specific antipsychotic agents – risperidone (P = 0.016), clozapine (P < 0.001) and higher‐dose quetiapine (P = 0.029) – also had a higher risk of developing GDM. After adjusting for maternal age and body mass index, women taking these specific agents continued to have a fourfold risk of having GDM compared with women not taking these agents. Smoking, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use were not associated with elevated GDM rate in women with mental disorders.ConclusionsThese findings support the need for early screening and closer surveillance of metabolic risk in pregnancy for women with psychotic disorders and those taking specific atypical antipsychotic agents.
Ventricular fibrillation in a patient with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome unrelated to pre‐excited atrial fibrillation
Authors: Aranyo Julia , Bazan Victor , Rueda Ferran , Sarrias Axel , Bisbal Felipe , Villuendas Roger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 52‐year‐old man was admitted due to out‐hospital cardiac arrest. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred under therapeutic hypothermia thereafter. Previously inadverted full pre‐excitation was documented exclusively and immediately prior to 4 out of the 5 VF relapses. Coronary vasospasm and early repolarization were also documented. An electrophysiological study demonstrated poor anterograde conduction over a left‐sided accessory pathway. We theorize that maximum pre‐excitation favored in‐hospital VF by augmenting the repolarization vulnerability induced by therapeutic hypothermia, with coronary vasospasm accounting as the probable cause of out‐hospital VF. A plausible VF mechanism in WPW syndrome unrelated to pre‐excited atrial fibrillation is discussed.
Performance analysis of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation on blood flow hemodynamics: An optical imaging‐based in vitro study
Authors: Gülan Utku , Appa Harish , Corso Pascal , Templin Christian , Bezuidenhout Deon , Zilla Peter , Duru Firat , Holzner Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCardiac implants may have a strong influence on the hemodynamics of the circulatory system. In this study, we aimed at investigating the impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) devices on blood flow patterns that develop in the ascending aorta under physiological flow conditions in vitro. For this purpose, a noninvasive optical measurement tool, three‐dimensional particle tracking velocimetry (3D‐PTV), was used in a realistic compliant silicone aortic model. The performance and the influence of two TAVIs and one surgical valve on the aortic flow were investigated. Our results showed that valve design and materials may have a distinct influence on relevant hemodynamic properties, namely kinetic energy, production of turbulence, and shear stresses in the ascending aorta. All properties varied considerably between the different valve models. We found that the total aortic regurgitation composed of the closing volume, transvalvular and paravalvular leakages varied for the three valves investigated. Furthermore, peak mean kinetic energy (MKE) ranged from 61 to 116 J/m3, whereas peak turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) ranged from 23 to 36 J/m3. The analysis of shear showed that all the three studied devices had minimal overall risk for thrombus formation. We conclude that the characteristics and material designs of TAVI devices have strong influences on the hemodynamics in the ascending aorta.
Shared unmeasured characteristics among siblings confound the association of Apgar score with stress resilience in adolescence
Authors: Bergh Cecilia , Hiyoshi Ayako , Eriksson Mats , Fall Katja , Montgomery Scott 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated the association between low Apgar score, other perinatal characteristics and low stress resilience in adolescence. A within‐siblings analysis was used to tackle unmeasured shared familial confounding.MethodsWe used a national cohort of 527 763 males born in Sweden between 1973 and 1992 who undertook military conscription assessments at mean age of 18 years (17–20). Conscription examinations included a measure of stress resilience. Information on Apgar score and other perinatal characteristics was obtained through linkage with the Medical Birth Register. Analyses were conducted using ordinary least squares and fixed‐effects linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsInfants with a prolonged low Apgar score at five minutes had an increased risk of low stress resilience in adolescence compared with those with highest scores at one minute, with an adjusted coefficient and 95% confidence interval of −0.26 (−0.39, −0.13). The associations were no longer statistically significant when using within‐siblings models. However, the associations with stress resilience and birthweight remained statistically significant in all analyses.ConclusionThe association with low Apgar score seems to be explained by confounding due to shared childhood circumstances among siblings from the same family, while low birthweight is independently associated with low stress resilience.
Chemical and strontium isotope analysis of Yaozhou celadon glaze
Authors: Shen J. Y. , Ma H. , Henderson J. , Evans J. , Chenery S. , Wang F. , Wen R. 
Published: May 2019

To produce useful information about the raw materials used in northern Chinese Yaozhou celadon glazes Chinese glazes (especially the source of the calcium‐bearing flux), Sr isotope analysis has been used for the first time. Yaozhou celadon is one of the most important representatives of northern Chinese greenware. The study has enhanced our understanding of the raw material sources used to make Yaozhou glazes dating from the Tang to Northern Song dynasties. It is highly likely that ‘Fuping stone’ mentioned in the historical record is not the main raw material used to make Yaozhou celadon glazes of the Tang to Northern Song dynasties. The results of 87Sr/86Sr analysis of the Yaozhou celadon glazes studied produce relatively consistent 87Sr/86Sr isotopic signatures, with a wide variation of relatively high Sr concentrations. This is firm evidence that a calcium‐bearing plant ash was the source of the calcium and of the flux in the Celedon glazes studied, and not, as some have suggested, limestone or ‘Liaojiang stone’. The study had illustrated that the present approach has great potential in providing a new way of reconstructing porcelain glaze technology.
Adjusted indirect comparisons to assess bioequivalence between generic clopidogrel products in Serbia
Authors: Pejčić Zorica , Vučićević Katarina , García‐Arieta Alfredo , Miljković Branislava 
Published: May 2019

AimsGeneric products can be regarded as therapeutically equivalent and switchable with the reference product. However, switchability between generics is unknown, as direct comparisons between generics are not performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioequivalence between generic clopidogrel products by means of adjusted indirect comparisons (AICs).MethodsAICs were conducted to assess bioequivalence between 4 generic clopidogrel products that are authorised in Serbia. Generics are considered equivalent to the reference if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the ratios test/reference of the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve up to the last measurable concentration (AUC0–t) fall within the acceptance range 80.00–125.00%. However, for AICs between generics, the Canadian acceptance criterion for Cmax was employed, where only the point estimate of Cmax needs to be within 80.00–125.00%.ResultsThe 90% CIs of the AICs demonstrated bioequivalence within 80.00–125.00% for all AUC0–t comparisons. The point estimates of Cmax in all AICs were also within this range.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the bioavailability of these 4 generic clopidogrel products authorised in Serbia is very similar. Despite the limited power of AICs, bioequivalence was demonstrated for all 90% CIs of AUC0–t and all 90% CIs of Cmax comparisons were within or very close to the acceptance range, being able to comply with the acceptance criterion employed in Canada for Cmax. Therefore, these 4 generic clopidogrel products authorised in Serbia can be considered switchable with each other in clinical practice based on the adjusted indirect comparisons.
Analysis of factors affecting radiation exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures
Authors: Balaji Sudharsan S. , Vijayakumar Mohankumar , Singh Abhishek G. , Ganpule Arvind P. , Sabnis Ravindra B. , Desai Mahesh R. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo measure and analyse various factors affecting radiation exposure (RE) to surgeons during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Patients and MethodsA total of 212 patients who underwent PCNL were analysed. Informed consent was obtained from all enrolled patients. Ultrasonography/fluoroscopy guided punctures were done. The tract was dilatated and sheath placement done after which the procedure was completed in a routine fashion. A JJ or ureteric catheter or percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tube was placed as per the merit of the case. A digitalised mobile surgical C‐arm image‐intensifier system was used in all cases. RE was determined using a pen dosimeter worn outside the lead apron of the surgeon at the level of the chest for uniformity and was recorded on a per case basis at the end of the procedure. Data were recorded for analysis with respect to relevant parameters. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify various parameters which affect RE (mSv).ResultsThe parameters analysed included: age, number and size of stones, body mass index (BMI) of patients, Hounsfield unit of stone (HU), degree of hydronephrosis, number of tracts, mode of access to pelvicalyceal system (PCS), sheath size (F), operative time (min), placement of a JJ or ureteric catheter or PCN tube, and kV used for exposure. There was a significant statistical relationship between stone volume (P < 0.001), number of tracts (P < 0.001), mode of access to PCS (P = 0.001), and sheath size (P = 0.002), with RE. The HU had a negative relationship, with a decrease in HU causing increased RE (P = 0.002). BMI, number of stones, degree of hydronephrosis, operative time and placement of a JJ or ureteric catheter or PCN tube did not have any correlation with RE in our study.ConclusionThe mean (SD) RE per procedure was 0.21 (0.11) mSv. Increasing size and low HU of stone, increasing number of tracts, fluoroscopic access to PCS, increasing sheath size and kV were found to increase RE. Although the exposure levels are within safety limits, serial monitoring and constant vigilance are mandatory to inform surgeons.
Exosomes containing ErbB2/CRK induce vascular growth in premetastatic niches and promote metastasis of bladder cancer
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiko , Tsuda Masumi , Matsumoto Ryuji , Semba Shingo , Wang Lei , Sugino Hirokazu , Tanino Mishie , Kondo Tsunenori , Tanabe Kazunari , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLocally advanced and metastatic invasive bladder cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis, and no advanced therapies beyond cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy have been developed. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumor progression and metastasis of invasive BC for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we clarified a novel role of exosomes containing ErbB2 and CRK in a formation of premetastatic niches and subsequent metastases. CRK adaptors were overexpressed in invasive UM‐UC‐3 BC cells. In an orthotopic xenograft model, metastases to lung, liver, and bone of UM‐UC‐3 cells were completely abolished by CRK elimination. Mass spectrometry analysis identified that ErbB2 was contained in UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes in a CRK‐dependent manner; the exosomes significantly increased proliferation and invasion properties of low‐grade 5637 BC cells and HUVECs through FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In athymic mice educated with UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes, i.v. implanted UM‐UC‐3 cells were trapped with surrounding PKH67‐labeled exosomes in lung and led to development of lung metastasis with disordered vascular proliferation. In contrast, exosomes derived from CRK‐depleted BC cells failed to induce these malignant features. Taken together, we showed that CRK adaptors elevated the expression of ErbB2/3 in BC cells, and these tyrosine kinase/adaptor units were transferred from host BC cells to metastatic recipient cells by exosomes, leading to vascular leakiness and proliferation and contributing to the formation of distant metastasis. Thus, CRK intervention with ErbB2/3 blockade might be a potent therapeutic strategy for patients with ErbB2 overexpressing advanced and metastatic BC.