bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Donor‐Derived Cell‐Free DNA Before and After Rejection and De Novo DSA Detection in Primary and Repeat Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Parajuli Sandesh , Garg Neetika , Dodin Ban , Breyer Isabel , Zona Emily , Patel Shree , Pinney Kevin , Mandelbrot Didier 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSerial monitoring of dd‐cfDNA and change from baseline can provide meaningful information beyond absolute thresholds. We describe dd‐cfDNA trajectories from the baseline before and after acute rejection (AR) and de novo donor‐specific antibodies (dnDSA) detection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).MethodsWe included KTR from 02/2019 to 03/2022 with serial dd‐cfDNA. The primary analysis compared the time‐varying change in dd‐cfDNA from baseline in KTR first AR on biopsy [AR] to patients with no‐AR on biopsy [no‐AR].Results151 KTR were analyzed (AR = 56 KTR, no‐AR = 95 KTRs). In the AR group, dd‐cfDNA rose ahead of diagnosis: median rise from baseline was 75% at −3 months, 32% at −2 months, and 325% at −1 month before biopsy. At the time of biopsy, the median rise in dd‐cfDNA from baseline was 291% (IQR [interquartile range] 88%–1081%) in AR and 17% (IQR 0%– 194%) in no‐AR (p < 0.0001). Following treatment, dd‐cfDNA values fell in the AR group with a median change from baseline of 94.7% at +1 month, 10.5% at +2 months, and 0% at +3 months. These trajectories were not observed in the no‐AR group. Similarly, there were no significant differences in eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) trajectories between the two groups. The median change from baseline to dnDSA detection was 141% (IQR 112%–574%). In KTRs with persistent rejection, median dd‐cfDNA was 0.95% (IQR 0.44–1.8) compared to 0.19% (IQR 0.12–0.31) in subjects with no rejection on follow‐up (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe significant changes from baseline observed before and after AR show how serial monitoring enhances dd‐cfDNA utility and allows for earlier identification of evolving injury and monitoring treatment response.
Kaposi Sarcoma in the Context of Post‐Modified Radical Mastectomy: A New Case Report and Brief Review
Authors: Genedy Rasha Mahmoud , El Sayed Naglaa Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTKaposi sarcoma is a human herpesvirus 8–associated angio‐proliferative tumor arising from lymphatic endothelial cells. Four clinical subtypes are known: classic, epidemic, endemic, and iatrogenic. The development of Kaposi sarcoma and lymphedema may be interlinked, where each condition could potentially support the progression of the other. Post‐mastectomy lymphedema is a commonly recognized complication following radical mastectomy. Angiosarcoma is the most frequently reported neoplasm in such a situation. We present a 72‐year‐old female who developed Kaposi sarcoma on the same side of mastectomy 9 years following her initial diagnosis and treatment for cancer breast. The diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma was based on the histopathologic findings and was confirmed with immunohistochemical staining for human herpes virus 8 and D2‐40. Lymphedema may be associated with local immune suppression manifested in the form of defective cell–mediated immunity and antigen‐presenting cell migration defect which may facilitate development of neoplasms. It is important to differentiate Kaposi sarcoma from other vascular tumors which may have a much worse prognosis. Patients with lymphedema should receive appropriate management and undergo long‐term follow‐up for early detection of any potential malignancies.
Bridging Technology, Design, and Management: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Innovation in the AI Era
Authors: Lee Cecilia , Carbajal Carlos 
Published: November 2024

Not a single domain of technology, design, or management can fully tackle AI's ethical, practical, and strategic dimension.A service design approach is used to explore the intersection of technology, design, and management for a responsible AI implementation that fosters innovation but is also ethically aligned and strategically integrated.
Stress Distribution in Traumatized Teeth Splinted With Fiber Localizing on Incisal/Cervical Positions: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ding Qian‐wen , Yang Hongjia , Wang Tianjiao , Lin Mei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/AimThe fiber splint represents an advanced treatment for traumatized dental injuries. The complete understanding of the localization of a splint on traumatized teeth remains elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the incisal/cervical positions of the fiber splint on the stress distribution of traumatized dental roots in various occlusal relationships.Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional finite element models were generated based on a cone beam computer tomogram of a patient. The incisal and cervical splints were simulated by strips that were bonded close to the incisal/cervical labial surface of traumatic teeth. Force was loaded on the incisal ridge, incisal and cervical positions on the palatal surface of each tooth to simulate the conditions of traumatized teeth during mastication. The equivalent stress (von Mises) on the traumatic teeth and abutment teeth was calculated by Ansys software (version 2021, R1).ResultsThe incisal splint effectively transferred the stress from the traumatized tooth roots to the abutment teeth when force was loaded on the incisal ridge and incisal and cervical positions on the palatal surface. Nevertheless, the reduction effect was notably diminished when the cervical splint was used. Notably, in cases of cervical splints, with a loading force on the incisal ridge, there is an increase in stress on the roots of traumatized teeth, which poses a disadvantage in the management of traumatic dental injuries.ConclusionThe incisal splint demonstrated a more effective transfer of stress from the roots of the traumatic teeth to the abutment teeth than the cervical splint and the raw.
Estimating family shopping behavior: A multi‐perspective approach to understanding grocery shopping
Authors: Hummel Gerrit , Nützel Annalena , Eder Cora , Strubich Patrick Thomas , Stroebele‐Benschop Nanette 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines weekly shopping trips of young families using a multi‐perspective approach that considers psychological personality traits, situational influences, and socio‐demographic factors to explain food purchases. Over a period of 4 weeks, the data of 60 shoppers and their families as well as 217 purchases were recorded using questionnaires and receipts. Analysis showed that personality traits and socio‐demographic data are good predictors of food purchases. The study provides insights into the complexity of shopping behavior, shows the need for multi‐perspective approaches, and enables the derivation of strategies to optimize healthy shopping behavior for young families.
Which ecological factors influence the level of intraspecific diversity within post‐glacial fishes? A case study using Coregonus and Salvelinus
Authors: Blain Stephanie A. , Adams Colin E. , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Knudsen Rune , Chavarie Louise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

While it is likely that ecological context is important, the factors that facilitate and maintain variable levels of intraspecific diversity in Salmonidae fishes across environments remain unclear.

Using a meta‐analysis of sympatric ecotype assemblages from two salmonid genera—Salvelinus and Coregonus—we evaluated the importance of ecological factors determining the number of sympatric ecotypes (i.e. 2–7) and the level of trait divergence between them.

We found that ecotype diversity increased with lake depth and surface area in both Coregonus and Salvelinus. Further, diversity in Coregonus increased with latitude, while the number of ecotypes in Salvelinus assemblages was linked to climatic seasonality.

In comparing the two genera, we found elevated divergence in traits related to ontogeny (i.e. age and body shape) in Salvelinus and gill raker count in Coregonus. Trait divergence in life history traits (i.e. age and body length) in Salvelinus increased with seasonality, whereas contrasting relationships of latitude to body length and gill rakers were found in Coregonus. We also found similar levels of divergence in trait variance in the two genera, suggesting that among‐ecotype differences in phenotypic variability are not more common in one genus than the other.

Overall, ecosystem characteristics, including lake location, climate and morphometry, are clearly important for where these genera have diversified, but the variables that are most closely associated with intraspecific diversity differ between the two genera studied and depend on whether diversity is quantified using number of ecotypes or trait divergence.
How institutionalized feedback works: Online citizen complaints and local government responsiveness in China
Authors: Wang Howard H. , Cheng Edmund W. , Chen Xi , Liang Hai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prevailing view that authoritarian regimes primarily respond to threats of instability is challenged by our research, which posits that such regimes also take citizen complaints seriously, even when they do not pose a direct threat. Based on 238,835 citizen claims from China's largest national online petition platform from 2020 to 2021 and 793,119 citizen claims from Wuhan's local petition website, this study reveals that online complaints result in greater governmental responsiveness, compared to non‐complaints. This institutionalized feedback mechanism is driven by a mix of factors: the upper‐level officials' expectation for negative feedback, combined with bureaucrats' efforts to preserve themselves and avoid punitive consequences. Our findings thus enhance the understanding of what drives authoritarian responsiveness and signal a caution that an overreliance on managing complaints may deepen a stability‐maintenance mechanism, potentially impeding substantial reform.
The fly brain lands in Tokyo: A report on the 3rd Asia Pacific Drosophila Neurobiology Conference
Authors: Das Gaurav , Malak Olfat A. , Sharma Khushboo , Alia Abdalla G. , Gopalakrishnan Swetha , Menon Reshma V. , Yamanouchi Hayato M. , Nose Akinao , Kazama Hokto , Moore Adrian W. , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe third Asia Pacific Drosophila Neurobiology Conference (APDNC3) was held in the Wako Campus of RIKEN in Tokyo, Japan, from February 27th to March 1st, 2024. While APDNC2 was held in Taiwan in 2019, the global coronavirus pandemic enforced a long hiatus. Hence, APDNC3 was a much‐anticipated meeting that attracted ~218 scientists from 18 different countries and regions, 154 from outside Japan. The meeting was divided into 13 scientific, 2 poster, and 3 career development sessions. Two plenary talks were delivered by Professor Daisuke Yamamoto, from NICT and Professor Claude Desplan from NYU. Thirty‐seven other speakers were invited to give lectures. Eighty‐six poster presenters were selected from submitted abstracts. Talks and posters described how neuronal circuits underlying specific behaviors were identified and how they developed. The presented work also demonstrated circuit‐specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in health and disease. It was clear that technological advances, like molecular genetic tools for identifying, manipulating, and imaging individual neurons and the great granularity of the fly brain connectome, were significantly augmenting research. Overall, the meeting highlighted the remarkable biological insights that fly neurobiologists continue to provide.
Education of Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists Working With Head and Neck Cancer Patients in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Departments in the United Kingdom—A Quantitative Study
Authors: Harding Jocelyn , Eaton Kenneth 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate Dental Hygienists' (DHs) and Dental Therapists' (DTs) current undergraduate and postgraduate education with regard to the treatment of head and neck cancer (HANC) in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) departments in the United Kingdom.MethodsA purposive sample of DHs and DTs, who were employed, or had been previously employed, in OMFS departments in the United Kingdom were asked to complete an online questionnaire about their education in the care and management of patients with HANC. The questionnaire was sent to members of the British Society of Dental Hygiene and Therapy (BSDHT), and the British Association of Dental Therapy (BADT) and was also posted via online forums.ResultsThe questionnaire received 55 responses (response rate 83%): 54 female respondents and 1 male. Thirty‐one (56%) respondents had not undertaken any HANC training. However, on starting work in an OMFS department, nine (16%) respondents reported being provided with HANC training.ConclusionThe results suggest that the UK review and standardise the provision of HANC training in the DH and DT educational curricula. Furthermore, it is recommended that the DH and DT curricula, at both undergraduate and postgraduate level, should include psychology training.
Volitional Trait Change in Selection: It's About Time, but Also Degree and Perspective
Authors: Perossa Andrew , Connelly Brian S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTVolitional trait change—the idea that people can willfully change their personality—marks an important advancement for personality science beyond historic views of traits as relatively immutable. We applaud Dupré and Wille's (2024) extension and application of how volitional trait change could impact personnel selection. In this response, we aim to contribute to this discussion by focusing on three critical considerations for the applicability of PDGs to personnel selection—time (how quickly traits can change), degree (how much traits can change), and perspective (who perceives trait change). We concur that personality development has untapped potential in personnel selection and offer suggestions and caveats for how organizations might best realize it. We are excited about a new frontier in extending personality development to organizational settings and are optimistic that doing so would appreciably benefit employees, organizations, and the selection literature.
Inno4Vac Workshop Report Part 1: Controlled Human Influenza Virus Infection Model (CHIVIM) Strain Selection and Immune Assays for CHIVIM Studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK
Authors: Waldock Joanna , Cox Rebecca J. , Chiu Christopher , Subbarao Kanta , Wildfire Adrian , Barclay Wendy , van Kasteren Puck B. , McCauley John , Russell Colin A. , Smith Derek , Thwaites Ryan S. , Tregoning John S. , Engelhardt Othmar G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTControlled human infection models (CHIMs) are a critical tool for the understanding of infectious disease progression, characterising immune responses to infection and rapid assessment of vaccines or drug treatments. There is increasing interest in using CHIMs for vaccine development and an obvious need for widely available and fit‐for‐purpose challenge agents. Inno4Vac is a large European consortium working towards accelerating and de‐risking the development of new vaccines, including the development of CHIMs for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and Clostridioides difficile. This report (in two parts) summarises a workshop held at the MHRA in 2021, focused on how to select CHIM candidate strains of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) based on desirable virus characteristics and which immune assays would provide relevant information for assessing pre‐existing and post‐infection immune responses and defining correlates of protection. This manuscript (Part 1) summarises presentations and discussions centred around influenza CHIMs and immune assays (a second manuscript summarises RSV CHIM and immune assays: Inno4Vac workshop report Part 2: RSV CHIM strain selection and immune assays for RSV CHIM studies, November 2021, MHRA, UK).
Trends in COVID‐19–Attributable Hospitalizations Among Adults With Laboratory‐Confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2—COVID‐NET, June 2020 to September 2023
Authors: Taylor Christopher A. , Whitaker Michael , Patton Monica E. , Melgar Michael , Kirley Pam Daily , Kawasaki Breanna , Yousey‐Hindes Kimberly , Openo Kyle P. , Ryan Patricia A. , Kim Sue , Como‐Sabetti Kathryn , Solhtalab Dominic , Barney Grant , Tesini Brenda L. , Moran Nancy E. , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H. Keipp , Olsen Kristen , Havers Fiona P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundScreening for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among hospital admissions made interpretation of COVID‐19 hospitalization data challenging as SARS‐CoV‐2–positive persons with mild or asymptomatic infection may be incorrectly identified as COVID‐19–associated hospitalizations. The study objective is to estimate the proportion of hospitalizations likely attributable to COVID‐19 among SARS‐CoV‐2–positive hospitalized patients.MethodsA sample of laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2–positive hospitalizations from the COVID‐19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID‐NET) from June 2020 to September 2023 was analyzed, with a focus on July 2022 to September 2023. Likely COVID‐19–attributable hospitalizations were defined as hospitalizations among SARS‐CoV‐2–positive non‐pregnant adults ages ≥ 18 years with COVID‐19–related presenting complaint, treatment, or discharge diagnosis.ResultsAmong 44,816 sampled hospitalizations, 90% met the definition of likely COVID‐19–attributable. Among the 9866 admissions occurring during July 2022 to September 2023, 86% were likely COVID‐19–attributable; 87% had a COVID‐19–related presenting complaint, 64% received steroids or COVID‐19–related treatment, 47% had respiratory‐ and 10% had coagulopathy‐related discharge diagnoses, and 39% had COVID‐19 as the principal discharge diagnosis code. More than 70% met ≥ 2 criteria. Compared with likely COVID‐19–attributable hospitalizations, SARS‐CoV‐2–positive patients who did not meet the case definition were more likely to be ages 18–49 years (27% vs. 13%), have no underlying medical conditions (14% vs. 4%), or be asymptomatic for COVID‐19 upon admission (46% vs. 10%) (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsMost hospitalizations among SARS‐CoV‐2–positive adults in a recent period were likely attributable to COVID‐19. COVID‐19–attributable hospitalizations are less common among younger SARS‐CoV‐2–positive hospitalized adults but still account for nearly three quarters of all admissions among SARS‐CoV‐2–positive adults in this age group.
Severe Neurological Complications With Influenza in Vietnamese Children
Authors: Nguyen Sy Duc , Ngo Thi Huyen Trang , Nguyen Thi Viet Ha , Do Thien Hai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfluenza is a common contagious respiratory virus that primarily causes respiratory tract infections. Neurological complications associated with influenza have also been reported, mainly in pediatric populations, and may be fatal.MethodsA descriptive study evaluated pediatric patients who were diagnosed with severe influenza‐associated neurological complications at the Tropical Pediatrics Center—Vietnam National Children's Hospital from October 2022 to February 2024.ResultsIn this study involving 20 patients, 80% of children were under 5 years old; 70% of patients had a history of good health. All patients had not received an influenza vaccination within 12 months. The median time from onset to neurological symptoms was 1 day. The most common neurological complication was encephalitis (16/20 patients) with symptoms included altered consciousness and seizures. Most patients had elevated levels of ALT (60%), AST (90%), LDH (94%), and ferritin (69%) in serum. The imaging of brain damage on MRI and CT scans varied in patterns and locations. There was no difference in the timing of methylprednisolone treatment within and after 48 h. The mortality rate was 20%, with 45% of patients experiencing severe sequelae.ConclusionsIANCs are severe with damage to both white matter and central gray matter and can occur in healthy children, emphasizing the importance of vaccination to reduce the risk.
Respiratory Diagnoses Year‐Round: Unraveling the Multifaceted Pediatric Infection Cycles
Authors: Walkowiak Marcin Piotr , Walkowiak Jarosław , Walkowiak Dariusz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of the study is to analyze the annual cycle of pediatric medically attended respiratory illnesses.Study DesignData on 141 million pediatric respiratory visits from the years 2010–2019 were obtained from the Polish National Healthcare Fund. To identify underlying patterns and trends within the aggregated data, techniques like seasonal‐trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied.ResultsA strongly recurring pattern was observed. Following the annual minimum in late summer, there was a sudden surge in upper respiratory infections in early September. Subsequently, overall visits declined gradually, while the share of lower respiratory infections increased, particularly during the influenza peaks from January to March. Afterwards, visits declined steadily, with an additional peak of tonsillopharyngitis noted in midsummer. Dimensionality reduction of diagnoses implied the existence of two major groups of co‐occurring diagnoses, the proportions of which change over the year: one smaller but more severe, peaking during the influenza season, and the second dominating with lower severity. Age differences in diagnoses were observed, with babies showing upper respiratory infections likely diagnosed with the common cold rather than a more specific upper respiratory infection.ConclusionWhile enhancing surveillance strategies is indeed a desirable long‐term goal, it is worth noting that despite the variability observed in the onset of the influenza season, the infection cycles generally follow a relatively fixed pattern. This consistency provides a foundation for effective planning and underscores the potential for proactive measures to mitigate the impact of seasonal outbreaks.
Real‐World Assessment of Economic and Clinical Outcomes in Thai Patients With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Across Age Groups: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Khaing Win , Tan Chia Jie , Patikorn Chanthawat , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Pattanaprateep Oraluck , Dhippayom Teerapon , Bruminhent Jackrapong , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory infections worldwide, including Thailand. This study aimed to assess clinical and economic burdens of RSV infections across different age groups in Thailand.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from a tertiary care hospital from 2014 to 2021. Patients who tested at least one positive RSV were included and stratified into five age groups (< 2, 2–5, 5–18, 18–65, and > 65 years). Healthcare resource utilization, direct medical costs, and clinical outcomes were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Generalized linear models with gamma distributions and log link were used to model cost outcomes. Costs were reported in 2021 US dollars (USD), with 1 USD = 31.98 Thai Baht.ResultsA total of 2122 RSV‐positive patients were identified, half of which (1097) were hospitalized. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) total hospitalization costs ranged from USD780 (IQR: USD488–USD1185) in those < 2 years to USD2231 (IQR: USD1250–USD4989) in those aged 65+ years. Case fatality rates among hospitalized patients also varied from 2.5% to 28.4% depending on age. Increased age, presence of comorbidities, and need for critical care were associated with higher hospitalization costs.ConclusionAmong RSV‐positive patients, younger children experienced the greatest burden, but poorer outcomes were observed in older adults. Higher costs were associated with older age, comorbidities and critical care needs. Understanding RSV economic burdens is crucial for assessing the cost‐effectiveness and public health value of vaccination programs that prioritize at‐risk groups to mitigate the public health impact.