bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor contribution of cytochrome P450 3A activity on fentanyl exposure in palliative care cancer patients
Authors: Geist Marcus J. P. , Ziesenitz Victoria C. , Bardenheuer Hubert J. , Burhenne Juergen , Skopp Gisela , Mikus Gerd 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransdermal fentanyl is widely used to control pain in cancer patients. The high pharmacokinetic variability of fentanyl is assumed to be due to cytochrome P450 3A-mediated (CYP3A) N-dealkylation to norfentanyl in humans. However, recently published clinical studies question the importance of the described metabolic pathway. In this small study in palliative cancer patients under real-life clinical conditions, the influence of CYP3A on fentanyl variability was investigated. In addition to the determination of midazolam plasma concentration to reveal CYP3A activity, plasma concentrations of fentanyl and its metabolite, norfentanyl, were measured in identical blood samples of 20 patients who participated in an ongoing trial and had been on transdermal fentanyl. Fentanyl, norfentanyl, midazolam, and 1′-OH-midazolam were quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl and norfentanyl exhibited a large variability. Mean estimated total clearance of fentanyl and mean metabolic clearance of midazolam (as a marker of CYP3A activity) were 75.5 and 36.3 L/h. Both clearances showed a weak correlation and hence a minimal influence of CYP3A on fentanyl elimination.
Learning While Playing: A Randomized Trial of Serious Games as a Tool for Word Mastery
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Marshall Brooke A. , Julian Samantha K. , Oleson Jacob 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine whether college students build their vocabularies by playing a serious game that incorporates principles of learning and memory.

Design
This study used a single-site, prospective, randomized trial with 2 branches: immediate and delayed treatment. Outcome measures were obtained after a 1-month intervention and, for the immediate group only, after a 1-month retention interval.

Setting
College students from the University of Iowa were recruited via mass e-mail. The intervention took place in the participants' homes; the testing took place in a university laboratory.

Participants

Forty undergraduates (32 women, 8 men) who planned to take the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE;
Educational Testing Service, 2018
) within the year following the treatment participated in the study. Participants were allocated to 1 of the 2 treatment branches via biased coin randomization.

Intervention

The treatment consisted of vocabulary training on
Vocabulary.com
for a minimum of 20 min (dose) 4 times per week (frequency) for 4 weeks (treatment duration), for a total cumulative treatment intensity of 320 min.

Outcome Measures

The prespecified primary outcome measures of word learning were the number of words mastered during
Vocabulary.com
play and the percentage of mastered words accurately defined. The depth of information included in the definitions was a secondary outcome. The prespecified primary outcome measure of functional impact was change in the verbal GRE practice test scores from pre- to posttreatment. The examiners scoring the definitions were blind to treatment assignment. All other outcomes were measured automatically by the relevant computer program so blinding was moot.

Results
The participants averaged 5.33 hr of play during the treatment interval and mastered 124 words. Amount of play and mastery were highly correlated. Accuracy of definitions was 55% or 59% (depending on treatment branch) after treatment and 55% 1 month later, an insignificant decline. The game itself did not result in GRE gains, but participants who mastered more words per minute of play had higher GRE scores than other participants.

Conclusion

Vocabulary.com
, an evidence-based game, showed promise as a way to build vocabulary knowledge, but at the intensity of treatment provided, it did not result in gains in high-stakes test performance.

Trial Registration
This trial was not preregistered.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9936374
Key Elements of Robust Vocabulary Instruction for Emergent Bilingual Adolescents
Authors: Crosson Amy C. , McKeown Margaret G. , Robbins Kelly P. , Brown Kathleen J. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeIn this clinical focus article, the authors argue for robust vocabulary instruction with emergent bilingual learners both in inclusive classroom settings and in clinical settings for emergent bilinguals with language and literacy disorders. Robust vocabulary instruction focuses on high-utility academic words that carry abstract meanings and appear in texts across content areas (e.g.,diminish,ambiguous). For emergent bilinguals, vocabulary instruction should be infused with morphological analysis emphasizing Latin roots to support students to problem-solve meanings of new, unfamiliar words and make connections between semantic clusters of related words in English. An innovative and critical component of this instructional approach is to support emergent bilinguals to leverage their linguistic resources by making connections to their home languages. Five design principles for teaching emergent bilinguals to engage in morphological analysis with Latin roots are presented. These design principles are illustrated with examples of evidence-based practices from intervention materials for instruction. Examples are drawn from varied instructional contexts. We present a synthesis of findings from implementation trials of our instructional program. Finally, application of the approach to clinical settings for speech-language pathologists are addressed.ConclusionsClinical practice with emergent bilingual learners at intermediate and advanced stages of proficiency should incorporate robust vocabulary instruction for emergent bilinguals from a variety of cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Clinicians should focus on high-utility academic words, and they should teach morphological problem-solving skills for generative word learning. Clinicians should leverage emergent bilingual learners' home language resources for developing morphological problem-solving skill.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9745169
A Review of Middle School Vocabulary Interventions: Five Research-Based Recommendations for Practice
Authors: Elleman Amy M. , Oslund Eric L. , Griffin Natalie M. , Myers Katie E. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this tutorial is to explain key concepts about vocabulary acquisition and instruction and to translate research from middle school vocabulary interventions into practice recommendations for practitioners. In this tutorial, we consider the relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension, describe vocabulary acquisition including the development of semantic networks, provide a review of high-quality middle school vocabulary studies, and make recommendations for practice.MethodWe reviewed the experimental and quasi-experimental literature examining the impact of vocabulary instruction on the vocabulary and reading comprehension development of middle school students. We searched multiple electronic databases (e.g., PsycInfo, ERIC, Scopus, Google Scholar) using combinations of specific search terms (i.e.,vocabulary, intervention, instruction, middle school, adolescent), searched reviews of vocabulary research, and conducted bibliographic searches of included studies. We then extracted information from each included study about the intervention, participants, and outcomes.ResultsWe identified 17 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted with students from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Only 1 study focused exclusively on students with learning disabilities, language impairments, or reading disabilities, highlighting the need for more vocabulary experimental research studies with special populations of students in middle school.ConclusionAfter reviewing the middle school studies, we make 5 recommendations based on the literature: (a) teach vocabulary intentionally, (b) teach independent word-learning strategies (morphological analysis), (c) focus on developing semantic networks, (d) increase opportunities to use new words in discussion and writing, and (e) provide a motivating and language-rich learning environment.
30 Jahre Mauerfall – 31. Tagung des DKPM in Gießen vom 9. bis 11. November 1989
Authors: Brähler Elmar 
Published: October 2019

Psychosomatik muss neue Wege gehen – Über 1000 Teilnehmer bei der Tagung des Kollegiums für Psychosomatische MedizinEnde der 80-er Jahre nahte der Abschied von Horst-Eberhard Richter aus der Psychosomatischen Klinik in Gießen. Mitarbeiter von Horst-Eberhard Richter planten aus diesem Anlass, erstmals eine Tagung des DKPM in Gießen durchzuführen 1. Vor allem Michael Wirsching, damals im Vorstand des DKPM, engagierte sich sehr in der Vorbereitung der Tagung. Ich selbst war zu dieser Zeit Pressesprecher des DKPM und koordinierte die Pressearbeit, so dass ich über den Ablauf dieser interessanten Tagung einen sehr umfangreichen Pressespiegel erstellt hatte, der mit bei der Rückerinnerung an die Veranstaltung sehr zu Nutze ist.
Die Berechnung des menschlichen Auges – zur Evolution der Biometrie in der Kataraktchirurgie
Authors: Scholtz Sibylle Katharina , Langenbucher Achim 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Zweck Die optische Biometrie gilt heute als Standarddiagnostik und stellt die wesentliche Grundlage für die IOL-Berechnung vor der Kataraktoperation dar. Unser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die historische Entwicklung der Biometrie des menschlichen Auges und die zur IOL-Berechnung verwendeten Formeln.
Material und Methoden Selektive Literaturrecherche in Büchern und Artikeln via PubMed, Google Scholar und Google, zusätzliche enge Zusammenarbeit mit IOLCon, Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar.
Ergebnisse Für erste Messungen des Auges wurde Ultraschall invasiv angewendet. Ultraschall ist heutzutage meist auf Fälle beschränkt, in denen die optische Biometrie aufgrund trüber optischer Medien nicht durchgeführt werden kann. Heute arbeiten die meisten modernen Biometer nicht invasiv mithilfe der OCT, und durch intelligente Scanstrategien sind nahezu alle Augen messbar. Neben dieser technischen Entwicklung wurden zahlreiche Formeln entwickelt, um die optische Leistung der jeweiligen IOL zu berechnen. Intraokularlinsen können mit unterschiedlichen Strategien berechnet werden: Mit empirischen Formeln wird die IOL-Leistung aus einer Reihe biometrischer Daten ohne anatomischen oder physikalischen Hintergrund abgeleitet. Bei den heute am häufigsten verwendeten theoretisch-optischen Formeln wird die IOL-Leistung einem paraxialen optischen Modell entnommen, das das Auge im Sinne der linearen Gaußʼschen Optik vereinfacht. Beim modernen Raytracing wird das Snellʼsche
Gesetz auf jede Refraktionsfläche im Auge angewendet und die beste Fokusposition mit der Position der Fovea verglichen.
Zusammenfassung Heutzutage muss sich eine wachsende Anzahl von Augen, die sich zuvor einer refraktiven Operation unterzogen hatte, einer Katarakt-OP unterziehen. Noch wichtiger als eine angemessene Biometrie des menschlichen Auges ist die Verwendung geeigneter Berechnungsschemata, die dazu beitragen, die Vorhersagbarkeit des refraktiven Ergebnisses nach der Katarakt-OP zu verbessern.
Comparison of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with Tc-99m-DTPA and tubular extraction rate (TER) with Tc-99m-MAG3 in potential living kidney donors: Feasibility of a one-day protocol
Authors: Rogasch Julian M. M. , Bamm Marita , Bäder Michael , Jaeschke Erika , Brenner Winfried , van der Giet Markus , Amthauer Holger , Schatka Imke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aim Sufficient glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is mandatory in living kidney donors (LKD) before renal transplantation (RT). Guidelines recommend exogenous GFR (e. g. Tc-99m-DTPA) besides estimated GFR by plasma creatinine (eGFR). Tc-99m-MAG3 determines split function and tubular extraction rate (TER). This study evaluated a time-efficient one-day protocol for DTPA and MAG3 in potential LKD.
Methods Retrospective analysis of 82 consecutive potential LKD (female, 52; age, 54 [19–73] a). DTPA GFR (Fleming formula) with blood sampling 169 (147–205) min post injection of 27 (18–59) MBq Tc-99m-DTPA. 199 (181–219) min after DTPA injection, same-day renal scintigraphy with 105 (65–150) MBq MAG3 followed (TER according to Bubeck). Sufficient GFR for RT was defined age- and sex-dependent based on British guidelines, normal TER at 70 % of age-dependent average. In 15 separate potential LKD, a blank blood sample before MAG3 injection allowed estimation of remaining DTPA counts and resulting TER error.
Results Remaining Tc-99m-DTPA blood counts during sampling for MAG3 led to median TER underestimation by 12 (IQR, 8–15) ml/min/1.73 m2. Before blood count correction, 16/82 patients had reduced TER despite sufficient GFRFleming in 13/16 patients. After correction, TER remained reduced in 9/82 patients who all had sufficient GFRFleming. 10/82 patients had insufficient eGFR (CKD-EPI) but sufficient GFRFleming. Correlation coefficient for TER and GFRFleming was ρ = 0.76, for eGFR and GFRFleming ρ = 0.61, and for TER and eGFR ρ = 0.55.
Conclusion A one-day protocol for Tc-99m-DTPA GFR and MAG3 dynamic imaging is feasible. If TER is calculated, the proposed method for blood count correction may be applied. However, relevance of the TER remains questionable due to frequent discordance to GFR.
Perforated Dallenbach microwave absorber based on dielectric polyaniline – phenolic resin composite for X-band applications
Authors: Mahanta Utpal Jyoti , Bhattacharyya Nidhi Saxena , Gogoi Jyoti Prasad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Design optimization to achieve broadband microwave absorption of a metal backed single layer microwave absorber in Dallenbach form is investigated by perforated designing of polyaniline (PA) reinforced novolac phenolic resin (NPR) composites in the frequency ranges of 8.2-12.4 GHz. The effect of triangular lattice pattern circularly perforated design is studied through effective complex permittivity and impedance matching condition between air-absorber interfaces. A comparative analysis of broadband absorption efficiency of perforated and non-perforated PA/NPR composite is carried out in terms of impedance matching to support the tailoring of microwave properties. The study shows a -15dB whole X band absorption bandwidth for PA3 perforated sample of thickness 3mm with a maximum absorption peak of ∼-35dB at 12.4 GHz.
Consumers continue to be confused about electric vehicles: comparing awareness among Canadian new car buyers in 2013 and 2017
Authors: Long Zoe , Axsen Jonn , Kormos Christine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite policy support and technological progress, consumer adoption of electric vehicles remains limited globally. One important barrier to electric vehicle adoption may be limited consumer awareness. We investigate trends in consumer awareness, familiarity, and experience with electric vehicles by comparing cross-sectional survey responses from two representative samples of Canadian new vehicle-buyers collected in 2013 (n = 2922) and in 2017 (n = 1808). While a significantly higher proportion of 2017 respondents have ‘heard of’ key electric vehicle models, stated familiarity and experience are low for both samples. Further, about three-quarters of respondents in both samples are confused about the basic notion of how to refuel (or recharge) electric vehicles—and how these vehicles differ from hybrids. Conversely, over half of 2017 respondents report having seen at least one electric vehicle charger in public, which is more than double the proportion reported in the 2013 sample. These trends hold in analyses of three Canadian provinces, including two that have engaged in significant consumer outreach activities over this time frame. Overall, in contrast to expectations, our results suggest that consumer awareness remains low and stagnant, which may hinder market growth and inhibit the climate mitigation potential of electric vehicles.
Atomistic mechanisms of seeding promoter-controlled growth of molybdenum disulphide
Authors: Ko Hayoung , Kim Han Seul , Ramzan Muhammad Sufyan , Byeon Seongjae , Choi Soo Ho , Kim Ki Kang , Kim Yong-Hoon , Kim Soo Min 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Seeding promoters facilitate the nucleation and growth of transition metal dichalcogenides in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, sophisticated roles of seeding promoter remain unclear. Here, adopting triangular-shaped crystal violet (CV) consisting of nonpolar and polar parts as the seeding promoter, we study the role of seeding promoter for the growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). We systematically control the geometrical configuration of CV on SiO2/Si substrate by changing the solvent polarity and find that it strongly affects the growth of monolayer or multilayer MoS2 domains via CVD. Monolayer MoS2 domains were predominantly grown on randomly lying-down CV configurations on SiO2/Si substrate, whereas multilayer MoS2 domains are synthesized at concentrated polar parts in CV micelle on the substrate. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the initial nucleation step for the MoS2 growth is the adsorption of S on CV and the most favourable S adsorption site is the polar part in CV. Furthermore, it is found that the CV adsorption to SiO2 is mediated by the polar CV part and additionally strengthened in the lying-down CV configuration. Enhancing the thermal stability as well as hindering the re-aggregation of CV at high temperature, the lying down CV configuration allows the predominant growth of monolayer MoS2. This work provides a general framework to understand the growth of MoS2 from aromatic seeding promoters.
Fold-LTR-TCP: protein fold recognition based on triadic closure principle
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhu Yulin , Yan Ke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs an important task in protein structure and function studies, protein fold recognition has attracted more and more attention. The existing computational predictors in this field treat this task as a multi-classification problem, ignoring the relationship among proteins in the dataset. However, previous studies showed that their relationship is critical for protein homology analysis. In this study, the protein fold recognition is treated as an information retrieval task. The Learning to Rank model (LTR) was employed to retrieve the query protein against the template proteins to find the template proteins in the same fold with the query protein in a supervised manner. The triadic closure principle (TCP) was performed on the ranking list generated by the LTR to improve its accuracy by considering the relationship among the query protein and the template proteins in the ranking list. Finally, a predictor called Fold-LTR-TCP was proposed. The rigorous test on the LE benchmark dataset showed that the Fold-LTR-TCP predictor achieved an accuracy of 73.2%, outperforming all the other competing methods.
Stability of the Cohomology of the Space of Complex Irreducible Polynomials in Several Variables
Authors: Chen Weiyan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe prove that the space of complex irreducible polynomials of degree $d$ in $n$ variables satisfies two forms of homological stability: first, its cohomology stabilizes as $d\to \infty $, and second, its compactly supported cohomology stabilizes as $n\to \infty $. Our topological results are inspired by counting results over finite fields due to Carlitz and Hyde.
rs73185306 C/T Is Not a Predisposing Risk Factor for Inherited Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6A/B
Authors: Mouammine Annabelle , Gravel Annie , Dubuc Isabelle , Feroz Zada Yassamin , Provost Sylvie , Busseuil David , Tardif Jean-Claude , Dubé Marie-Pierre , Flamand Louis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Approximately 1% of people worldwide carry a copy of the human herpesvirus 6A or 6B (HHV-6A/B) in every cell of their body. This condition is referred to as inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6A/B (iciHHV-6A/B). The mechanisms leading to iciHHV-6A/B chromosomal integration are yet to be identified. A recent report suggested that the rs73185306 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) represents a favorable predisposing factor leading to HHV-6A/B integration. After genotype analysis of an independent cohort (N = 11 967), we report no association between the rs73185306 C/T SNP and HHV-6A/B chromosomal integration (odds ratio, 0.90 [95% confidence interval, .54–1.51]; P = .69).
Perspectives on the Overdiagnosis of Breast Cancer Associated with Mammographic Screening
Authors: Helvie Mark A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Overdiagnosis of breast cancer refers to the screen detection and diagnosis of breast cancer that would not have progressed to symptomatic cancer during a woman’s lifetime. Screening mammography, like all screening tests, will result in some overdiagnosis that is attributable to competing causes of death occurring during the lead time (the time period between asymptomatic screen detection and clinical detection) and detection of very indolent cancer. The primary harm of overdiagnosis relates to subsequent (unnecessary) treatment. Importantly, overdiagnosis concerns must be balanced with the lifesaving and morbidity benefits of screening mammography and the prevention of some invasive cancer by detection and treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ. Reasonable estimates of overdiagnosis of women aged 40–80 years are in the order of 1%–10%, with lower values when overdiagnosis is restricted to invasive cancer and among younger women. Prospective identification of an overdiagnosed invasive cancer is not currently possible. Delaying screening until age 50 years or screening biennially rather than annually will not substantially reduce the amount of overdiagnosis of invasive cancer. The clinical significance of overdiagnosis will continue to be minimized as advances in personalized medicine further reduce treatment-associated morbidity.
Who decides if there is a conflict between Implementing Regulations and Articles of the European Patent Convention?
Authors: Hüttermann Aloys 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In case T1063/18, the EPO Board 3.3.04 declared Rule 28(2) of the European Patent Convention (EPC) non-applicable due to a conflict with the interpretation of Art. 53 b) by the Enlarged Board of Appeal, referring for that to Art. 164(2) EPC. Whether the Board had the competence do to so is discussed in this paper. We suggest that probably the Board has the competence to declare the non-applicability of Rule 28(2) inter partes, whereas the declaration of inadmissibility erga omnes is the privilege of the Enlarged Board of Appeal, whose involvement in this case would have been the legally more appropriate way to proceed.