bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HydroSyMBA: A 1D Hydrocode Coupled with an N-body Symplectic Integrator
Authors: Salmon J. , Canup R. M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The numerical modeling of coexisting circumplanetary disks/rings and satellites is particularly challenging because each part of the system requires a very different approach. Disks are generally well represented by a fluid-like dense medium, whose evolution can be calculated by a hydrocode. On the other hand, the orbital evolution of satellites is generally performed using N-body integrators. We have developed a new numerical model that combines a one-dimensional hydrocode with the N-body integrator SyMBA. The disk evolves due to its viscosity, and resonant torques from satellites. The latter is applied to the satellites as an additional “kick” to their accelerations. The integrator also includes the ability to spawn new moonlets at the disk’s outer edge if the latter expands beyond a material-dependent Roche limit, as well as the effects of tidal dissipation in the planet and/or the satellite on the satellite orbits. The resulting integrator allows one to accurately model the evolution of an inner circumplanetary disk, and the formation of satellites by accumulation of disk material, all within a single self-consistent framework. Potential applications include the formation of Earth’s Moon, the evolution of the inner Saturn system, the Martian and uranian moons, and compact exoplanetary systems.
Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows with Magnetic Prandtl Number-dependent MRI-driven Turbulence
Authors: Kawanaka Norita , Masada Youhei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We investigate the stability of a neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF), which is expected to be formed in the gravitational collapse of a massive star or the merger of a neutron star binary, based on the variable-α prescription. Recent magnetohydrodynamic simulations shows that the viscosity parameter α is proportional to the power of the magnetic Prandtl number Pm = ν/η, where ν and η are the kinematic viscosity and electric resistivity of the fluid, respectively. In the inner region of a hyperaccretion flow, the viscosity and resistivity are carried by mildly, relativistically degenerated electrons. We fit the dependence of the magnetic Prandtl number on density and temperature by a simple analytic form, and derive the condition for an NDAF to be dynamically unstable. As demonstrations we perform simple one-dimensional simulations of NDAFs with variable-α and show that the mass accretion becomes highly time-variable in the unstable branch. This mechanism may account for the rapid variability observed in the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts. The mass ejection from a hyperaccretion flow due to viscous heating, which makes a kilonova/macronova emission in the merger of a neutron star binary, is also briefly discussed.
Measurement of the Crab Nebula Spectrum Past 100 TeV with HAWC
Authors: Abeysekara A. U. , Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Álvarez J. D. , Camacho J. R. Angeles , Arceo R. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Baghmanyan V. , Belmont-Moreno E. , BenZvi S. Y. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , de León S. Coutiño , Fuente E. De la , León C. de , Dichiara S. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Ellsworth R. W. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fick B. , Fleischhack H. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hinton J. , Hona B. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hui C. M. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Jardin-Blicq A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Kieda D. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Lundeen J. , Malone K. , Marinelli S. S. , Martinez O. , Martinez-Castellanos I. , Martínez-Castro J. , Martínez-Huerta H. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Peisker A. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Pretz J. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rivière C. , Rosa-González D. , Rosenberg M. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Schoorlemmer H. , Arroyo M. Seglar , Sinnis G. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Tabachnick E. , Tanner M. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Weisgarber T. , Westerhoff S. , Wood J. , Yapici T. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. ,   HAWC Collaboration
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present TeV gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, the standard reference source in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy, using data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory. In this analysis we use two independent energy estimation methods that utilize extensive air shower variables such as the core position, shower angle, and shower lateral energy distribution. In contrast, the previously published HAWC energy spectrum roughly estimated the shower energy with only the number of photomultipliers triggered. This new methodology yields a much-improved energy resolution over the previous analysis and extends HAWC’s ability to accurately measure gamma-ray energies well beyond 100 TeV. The energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula is well fit to a log-parabola shape

with emission up to at least 100 TeV. For the first estimator, a ground parameter that utilizes fits to the lateral distribution function to measure the charge density 40 m from the shower axis, the best-fit values are

(TeV cm2 s)−1,

, and

. For the second estimator, a neural network that uses the charge distribution in annuli around the core and other variables, these values are

(TeV cm2 s)−1,

, and β = 0.06 ± 0.01 ± 0.02. The first set of uncertainties is statistical; the second set is systematic. Both methods yield compatible results. These measurements are the highest-energy observation of a gamma-ray source to date.
Exploring the Origin of Multiwavelength Activities of High-redshift Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar PKS 1502+106 during 2014–2018
Authors: Ding N. , Gu Q. S. , Geng X. F. , Xiong Ding-Rong , Xue R. , Wang X. Y. , Guo X. T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The origin of the multiband activities (outbursts/flares) of blazars is still a heavily debated topic. Shock and magnetic reconnection have long been considered as possible triggers of the multiband activities. In this paper, we present an exploration of the origin of multiband activities for a high-redshift (z = 1.8385) flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1502+106. Utilizing multiband data from radio to γ-ray and optical polarization observations, we investigate two dramatic activities in detail: a γ-ray-dominated outburst in 2015 and an optical-dominated outburst in 2017. Our main results are as follows. (I) A fast γ-ray flare with a flux-doubling timescale as short as 1 hr in 2015 is discovered. Based on the variability timescale, the physical parameters of the flaring region (e.g., minimum Doppler factor, emission region size, etc.) are constrained. At the peak of the flare, the γ-ray spectrum hardens to Γ
γ
= 1.82 ± 0.04 and exhibits an obvious curvature/break characteristic that is caused by the typical “cooling break.” Modeling of multiband spectral energy distributions reveal a very hard electronic energy spectrum with the electronic spectral index of 1.07 ± 0.53. This result suggests that this fast γ-ray flare may be triggered by magnetic reconnection. (II) During the outburst in 2017, the degree of optical polarization and optical fluxes showed a very tight correlation. By analyzing the Stokes parameters of polarization observations, our results show that this outburst could be triggered by a transverse shock with a compression ratio of η > 2.2, and the magnetic field intensity of the shock emission region is about 0.032 G.
Resolved UV and [C ii] Structures of Luminous Galaxies within the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Matthee J. , Sobral D. , Boogaard L. A. , Röttgering H. , Vallini L. , Ferrara A. , Paulino-Afonso A. , Boone F. , Schaerer D. , Mobasher B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present new deep ALMA and Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 observations of MASOSA and VR7, two luminous Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 6.5, for which the UV continuum levels differ by a factor of four. No IR dust continuum emission is detected in either, indicating little amounts of obscured star formation and/or high dust temperatures. MASOSA, with a UV luminosity M
1500 = −20.9, compact size, and very high Lyα

, is undetected in [C ii] to a limit of L
[C ii] < 2.2 × 107
L
⊙, implying a metallicity Z ≲ 0.07 Z
⊙. Intriguingly, our HST data indicate a red UV slope β = −1.1 ± 0.7, at odds with the low dust content. VR7, which is a bright (M
1500 = −22.4) galaxy with moderate color (β = −1.4 ± 0.3) and Lyα EW0 = 34 Å, is clearly detected in [C ii] emission (S/N = 15). VR7's rest-frame UV morphology can be described by two components separated by ≈1.5 kpc and is globally more compact than the [C ii] emission. The global [C ii]/UV ratio indicates Z ≈ 0.2 Z
⊙, but there are large variations in the UV/[C ii] ratio on kiloparsec scales. We also identify diffuse, possibly outflowing, [C ii]-emitting gas at ≈100 km s−1 with respect to the peak. VR7 appears to be assembling its components at a slightly more evolved stage than other luminous LAEs, with outflows already shaping its direct environment at z ∼ 7. Our results further indicate that the global [C ii]−UV relation steepens at SFR < 30 M
⊙ yr−1, naturally explaining why the [C ii]/UV ratio is anticorrelated with Lyα EW in many, but not all, observed LAEs.
Anxiety, depression, and quality of life among HIV positive injection drug users in Ukraine, 2017
Authors: Vasylyev Marta , Davtyan Hayk , Denisiuk Olga , Chadwick Jayaraj Joshua , Koval Tetyana , Piddubna Anna , Sluzhynska Maryana , Sluzhynska Oleksandra , Mulcahy Fiona 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) are one of the key populations most vulnerable to HIV infection, with 28 times higher prevalence compared to the rest of the population. PWID are known to have many physical, psychological and lifestyle challenges that can influence access to care. Depression is common among PWID living with HIV. It has major effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and is influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study was conducted to explore how anxiety and depression affect HRQoL among HIV-positive PWID in Ukraine. It will provide knowledge for the further policy development.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study using data from interviewer- administrated questionnaires was performed. The questionnaire was based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The questionnaire on HRQoL was based on the SF-36.
Results: Among the 90 HIV positive PWID 74% (67) and 61% (55) had anxiety and depression scores higher than 7 respectively, indicating that most patients had mental health problems. Average scores for general health (40), role limitations due to physical (44) and emotional health (34), vitality (41) and mental health (45) had mean scores less than 50 along with total physical (43) and mental health scores (35). Having an HIV positive partner or partner with unknown HIV status increases anxiety in HIV positive PWID.
Conclusion: There are increased depressive and anxiety symptoms and poorer QoL among HIV-positive PWID in Ukraine. Strategies focusing on psychosocial support addressing QoL as part of HIV care could improve health outcomes for these comorbid and debilitating conditions.
Large B - Cell Lymphoma of the Leg – Unfavourable Course with Rituximab/Bendamustin
Authors: Wollina Uwe , Schmidt Nadine , Schönlebe Jacqueline , Vojvodic Aleksandra , Hansel Gesina , Koch André , Lotti Torello 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas represent about 25% of all cutaneous lymphomas. Peripheral diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the leg type is the most aggressive subtype seen mainly in elderly patients. Treatment is not standardised.
CASE REPORT: An 87-year-old female patient was presented in May 2018 because of the development of painless subcutaneous nodules on the legs since late 2017. On examination, we observed up to 5 cm large erythematous nodules on the legs and a smaller plaque in the left submammary fold. The histology of a skin demonstrated tumour infiltrate that was separated from the overlying epidermis by a grenz zone. It consisted of densely packed, blastoid lymphocytic cells with numerous, and some atypical mitoses. The cells were positive for CD20, CD79A and CD5. Almost 100% of the cells were labelled with Ki67. The diagnosis of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCLBCL-LT) of the leg was confirmed. Histologic analysis of a bone marrow biopsy demonstrated a hypercellular bone marrow without malignant lymphatic infiltrates. Diagnostic ultrasound of cervical nodes and computerised tomography (CT) scans (native and with contrast medium) of head, neck and trunk excluded an extracutaneous manifestation of the PCLBCL-LT. Treatment with rituximab plus bendamustibe was initiated, but tumour progress was noted after the second course. Suggested palliative therapy with radiation and rituximab was refused. The patient died 7 months after diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Although some trials suggested a beneficial effect of immuno-chemotherapy, the prognosis of (PCLBCL-LT) remains poor. Standardised treatment is missing due to the relative rarity of this malignancy.
L’intérêt de la prise en compte des compétences non académiques dans la redéfinition du capital humain développé par les élèves. Une application sur des élèves de l’école primaire française
Authors: Morlaix Sophie , Fanchini Agathe 
Published: August 2019

La prise en compte des compétences non académiques par l’école est récente. Il s’agit ici de les examiner comme des indicateurs des capitaux (culturel, social, émotionnel) de l’élève qui pourraient expliquer son capital humain, lui-même mesuré par des compétences académiques. L’article s’appuie sur les données collectées pour une thèse sur environ mille élèves scolarisés en cycle 3 (fin du premier degré en France) pour démontrer en quoi chaque compétence non académique est l’indicateur d’un type de capital développé par les élèves. Cette approche permet de présenter une mesure originale du concept de capital et contribue à éclairer la compréhension des inégalités de réussite des élèves à l’école primaire, en prenant en compte des facteurs ou variables explicatives nouvelles portant sur les compétences non académiques des élèves. La croissance de ces compétences non académiques devient un enjeu de plus dans la lutte contre les inégalités de réussite, tant, avec les capitaux développés par les élèves, elles ont d’incidence sur leur parcours scolaire, puis professionnel.
A novel ready-to-use dry-reagent polymerase chain reaction for detection of Escherichia coli & Shigella species
Authors: Mishra Mukti Nath , Kulkarni Raghavendra D. , Mohanraj Jeevanandam , Nisshanthini S. Durairaju , Ajantha G.S. , Chandrasekhar Arun , Kenge Prachee , Bhat Shama 
Published: August 2019

Background & objectives:
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has wide acceptance for rapid identification of pathogens and also for diagnosis of infectious conditions. However, because of economic and expertise constraints, a majority of small or peripheral laboratories do not use PCR. The objective of the present study was to develop a dry-reagent PCR assay as an alternative to conventional PCR to assess its applicability in routine laboratory practice using malB gene for identification of Escherichia coli as a model.

Methods:
A total of 184 isolates were selected for the study comprising clinical isolates of E. coli and non-E. coli including Shigella sp. and a few other control strains. The DNA was isolated from all the isolates. The isolated DNA as well as the overnight grown bacterial cultures were subjected to both conventional wet PCR and dry-reagent PCR.

Results:
The genomic DNA isolated from E. coli showed amplification of malB gene in both conventional wet and dry-reagent PCR and the band was observed at 491 bp. In dry-reagent PCR, the overnight grown E. coli cells also showed positive result. The non-E. coli strains other than Shigella sp. showed negative in both conventional wet and dry-reagent PCR. Shigella sp. showed positive in both conventional wet and dry-reagent PCR.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Considering the elimination of genomic DNA isolation step, and similar results with the conventional wet PCR, dry-reagent PCR may be a good alternative for the conventional wet PCR.
Feedback on remediation techniques and presentation of innovative solutions
Authors: Atteia Olivier , Jousse Florie , Essouayed Elyess , Labarchède Agnès , Portois Clément , Cohen Grégory 
Published: August 2019

In situ remediation techniques for groundwater pollution are quite diverse. However, the success of these is often random. The first part of the article will focus, from a literature review and some examples, to determine the parameters that unfortunately lead to a low efficacy of treatment. This point will be supplemented by an analysis of the feedback on treatments at the pilot scale. The limits are generally related to the heterogeneity of the geological formations but also to a poor targeting of the laboratory analyses or to a poor monitoring of the rehabilitation. In a second part we will examine recent progress to maximize the effectiveness of in situ treatments. At first, we emphasize diagnostic techniques that make it possible to target the flow of pollutants. Following a general presentation of innovative techniques, we will particularly present an original technique : the injection of foam to block the porosity of around a source area.
Les techniques de réhabilitation in situ des pollutions en nappes souterraines (source ou panache) sont très variées. Cependant le succès de celles-ci est souvent aléatoire. La première partie de la présentation s’attachera, à partir d’une revue bibliographique et de quelques exemples, à déterminer les paramètres qui conduisent souvent à une faible efficacité du traitement. Ce point sera complété d’une analyse du retour d’expérience sur des pilotes de traitement. Les limites sont généralement liées à l’hétérogénéité des formations géologiques mais aussi à un mauvais ciblage des analyses préparatoires ou à des faiblesses dans le suivi de la réhabilitation. Dans une deuxième partie nous examinerons les progrès récents visant à maximiser l’efficacité des traitements in situ. En premier lieu il s’agit de techniques de diagnostic qui permettent de cibler les flux de polluants. Et dans le cadre des techniques innovantes, nous présenterons particulièrement une technique originale : l’injection de mousse permettant de bloquer la porosité du milieu autour d’une zone source.
The Transformation of the Municipal Social Benefit System in Hungary in the Last Decade
Authors: Hoffman István , Szatmári Andrea 
Published: August 2019

The municipalities play a significant role in the field of means-tested social benefits. Additional income benefits are primarily provided by local governments and these autonomous bodies have responsibility for several income replacement allowances. The Hungarian municipalities have strong social powers and duties, but their role is in a permanent transformation. The strongly decentralised system established in the early 1990s has been since centralised. The result is a new model, a mixed system having evolved after 2015. The income replacement benefits have been centralised and the additional income allowances have become more decentralised. In this article, the impacts of this reform are analysed and it may be stated, that the aims of the legislators have only been partly fulfilled. The centralisation of the income replacement allowances has not significantly transformed the former accessibility, a satisfying accessibility was provided by the former, local-based model, as well. The decentralisation of the additional income benefits has widened the gap between the municipalities which have different resources. This gap is relatively significant related to the housing benefits.
Observation of seasonal asymmetry in the range spread F occurrence at different longitudes during low and moderate solar activity
Authors: Afolayan Abimbola O. , Jit Singh Mandeep , Abdullah Mardina , Buhari Suhaila M. , Yokoyama Tatsuhiro , Supnithi Pornchai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. A comparative study of the equatorial spread F occurrence was conducted at different longitudes during 2010 and 2013 representing the low (LSA) and moderate (MSA) solar activity periods respectively. The ionogram data were recorded at low-latitude stations including Jicamarca (JIC;75.76∘ W, 8.17∘ S), Fortaleza (FZA; 38.52∘ W, 3.73∘ S), Ilorin (ILR; 7.55∘ E, 9.93∘ N), Chumphon (CPN; 88.46∘ E, 11∘ N) and Kwajalein (KWA; 167.73∘ E, 8.72∘ N). The range type spread F (RSF) occurrence was manually recorded at an hourly interval between 18:00 and 06:00 LT, and a monthly average of the RSF occurrence was estimated for each season. The longitudinal distribution of the RSF occurrence features included the observed difference in the onset time, the duration and the seasonal occurrence peak. The seasonal asymmetry in the RSF occurrence distribution was analysed in relation to the zonal drift reversal’s effect on the plasma irregularity initiation. We believe that the inconsistent equinoctial asymmetry pattern in the RSF occurrence is modulated by the seasonal/longitudinal variation of the zonal drift reversal delay during both solar epochs. Likewise, the seeding effect and the background ionospheric condition were also considered as major factors influencing the frequency of irregularity generation in these regions.
“A BELLA ESPOSA COM O ESPOSO AMANTE”; AS MULHERES DOS GOVERNADORES DAS COLÔNIAS PORTUGUESAS, NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XVIII E INÍCIO DO XIX.
Authors: Pereira Magnus Roberto de Mello 
Published: August 2019

Os governantes das colônias portuguesas não costumavam levar consigo suas mulheres. Nas últimas décadas do século XVIII, observa-se uma mudança notável e vice-reis e governadores passaram a seguir para as colônias acompanhados de suas mulheres e, muitas vezes, de filhos e filhas ainda pequenos, o que aponta para uma mudança de mentalidade em relação à família. O presente artigo tenta entender o papel exercido por essas mulheres nas colônias.