bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiaging and antioxidant effects of topical autophagy activator: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study
Authors: Lim Jongmi , Lim Chae Jin , Kim Sungwoo , Nam Gaewon , Chang Minyoul , Park Keedon , Park Kyungho , Kim Hyun Jung , Ahn Jeong Keun , Jeong Sekyoo 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundRecently, potential roles of autophagy in skin homeostasis received many interests. But, little has been reported for the potential antiaging effects of autophagy activator.ObjectiveWith the newly synthesized autophagy activator, heptasodium hexacarboxymethyl dipeptide‐12 (Aquatide™) in vitro and clinical efficacy of the topical autophagy activator as an antiaging cosmeceutical ingredient was evaluated.MethodsAntioxidant effect of Aquatide™ was evaluated by radical scavenging assay. In vitro effect was assessed by measuring the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Clinical evaluation was performed by a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study. Antioxidant efficacy was observed by measuring the carbonylated proteins in stratum corneum (SC) by fluorescein‐5‐thiosemicarbazide (FTZ) staining.ResultsRadical scavenging effects of Aquatide were observed with the ABTS assay, and significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide‐induced cytotoxicity was observed in Aquatide™‐treated cells. Autophagy inhibitor treatment abrogated cytoprotective effects of Aquatide™. In a clinical study, statistically significant increase in skin elasticity was observed after 4 and 8 weeks. Quantitative analysis of carbonylated proteins in SC also showed significant reduction in Aquatide™‐treated group, which is consistent with the in vitro data.ConclusionThese results suggest that autophagy plays important roles in antioxidant system and aging process in skin, and topical autophagy activators can be potential cosmeceutical ingredients for skin antiaging.
Autonomous orientation predicts longevity: New findings from the Nun Study
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Legate Nicole , Ryan William S. , Hemmy Laura 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWork on longevity has found protective social, cognitive, and emotional factors, but to date we have little understanding of the impact of motivational dynamics. Autonomy orientation, or stable patterns of self‐regulation, is theorized to be a protective factor for long‐term mental and physical health (Ryan & Deci, 2017), and it is therefore a prime candidate for examining how stable psychosocial factors are linked to longevity, or life expectancy.MethodEssays written in the 1930s by participants in the Nun Study were coded for indicators of an autonomy orientation. These were selected in line with an extensive theoretical literature based in self‐determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Essays were coded for the propensity for choice in action, susceptibility to pressure, self‐reflection, integration of experiences, and parental support for autonomy. These coded variables were used to predict age of death.ResultsUsing 176 codable essays provided by now‐deceased participants, linear regression analyses revealed that choiceful behavior, self‐reflection, and parent autonomy support predicted age of death. Participants who demonstrated these stable and beneficial motivational characteristics lived longer.ConclusionsPersonality constructs reflecting a healthy form of self‐regulation are associated with long‐term health. Implications for health interventions are discussed.
Becoming who you are: An integrative review of self‐determination theory and personality systems interactions theory
Authors: Koole Sander L. , Schlinkert Caroline , Maldei Tobias , Baumann Nicola 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOne of the enduring missions of personality science is to unravel what it takes to become a fully functioning person. In the present article, the authors address this matter from the perspectives of self‐determination theory (SDT) and personality systems interactions (PSI) theory. SDT (a) is rooted in humanistic psychology; (b) has emphasized a first‐person perspective on motivation and personality; (c) posits that the person, supported by the social environment, naturally moves toward growth through the satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. PSI theory (a) is rooted in German volition psychology; (b) has emphasized a third‐person perspective on motivation and personality; and (c) posits that a fully functioning person can form and enact difficult intentions and integrate new experiences, and that such competencies are facilitated by affect regulation. The authors review empirical support for SDT and PSI theory, their convergences and divergences, and how the theories bear on recent empirical research on internalization, vitality, and achievement flow. The authors conclude that SDT and PSI theory offer complementary insights into developing a person's full potential.
Meaning making, self‐determination theory, and the question of wisdom in personality
Authors: Bauer Jack J. , King Laura A. , Steger Michael F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSelf‐determination theory (SDT) has advanced the most comprehensive model of motives for human flourishing in the field of personality psychology and beyond. In this article, we evaluate SDT relative to the process of meaning making, particularly from a narrative perspective, showing what SDT can and cannot explain about the construction of self‐identity and its relation to human flourishing. On the one hand, SDT explains how subjective assessments of need fulfillment drive the process of self‐determined living. The internal motives that follow such fulfillment serve as important themes in people's life stories that predict several markers of hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being. On the other hand, SDT's focus on subjective fulfillment limits what SDT can explain about how wisdom, which is a canonical good of both eudaimonia and meaning making, helps people make sense of life's more difficult or unfulfilling events. SDT may facilitate a facet of wisdom that is more subjective and experiential but not the critical facet of wisdom defined by objectively more complex structures of interpretation.
An experimental model for calcium carbonate urolithiasis in goats
Authors: Jones Meredyth L. , Dominguez Brandon J. , Deveau Michael A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundCalcium carbonate is a common urolith type in small ruminants with no high‐yield experimental model to evaluate animal susceptibility or preventative measure response.HypothesisThat novel plastic winged implants would allow accumulation and quantification of calcium carbonate calculus formation in goats on a high‐calcium diet and identify individual variation between goats in the mass of calculi produced.AnimalsEight nonpregnant 3‐ and 4‐year‐old Boer‐cross does, weighing 22.3–39.5 kg, determined to be healthy based on physical examination, were used in these experiments.MethodsProspective cohort study for in vivo experimental model development. Implants were placed into the urinary bladder lumen in 8 goats over 2 evaluation periods. The alfalfa‐based ration had a total ration Ca : P of 3.29 and 3.84 : 1, respectively. Urine was collected at 0, 28, 56, and 84 days in the 1st experiment; blood and urine at those timepoints in the 2nd experiment. For each evaluation period, the implants were removed 84 days after implantation and weighed. Accumulated calculi mass was calculated and compared between goats and was analyzed for composition.ResultsImplant retention was 100% and 86% in the 2 studies. All goats with retained implants accumulated calcium carbonate at a mean implant gain per day across studies ranging from 0.44 to 57.45 mg. Two goats accumulated (0.44–7.65 mg/day and 33.64 & 57.45 mg/day) significantly more urolith material than the cohort across both studies (P = .047). No routine analytes on blood or urine were found to be explanatory for the difference observed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThese findings form a basis for implant and diet selection for use in future studies of urolithiasis development and for studies regarding individual susceptibility to urolithiasis.
Incubation with macroalgae induces large shifts in water column microbiota, but minor changes to the epibiota of co‐occurring macroalgae
Authors: Chen Melissa Y. , Parfrey Laura Wegener 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMacroalgae variably promote and deter microbial growth through release of organic carbon and antimicrobial compounds into the water column. Consequently, macroalgae influence the microbial composition of the surrounding water column and biofilms on nearby surfaces. Here, we use manipulative experiments to test the hypotheses that (i)Nereocystis luetkeanaandMastocarpussp. macroalgae alter the water column microbiota in species‐specific manner, that (ii) neighbouring macroalgae alter the bacterial communities on the surface (epibiota) of actively growingNereocystis luetkeanameristem fragments (NMFs), and that (iii) neighbours alterNMFgrowth rate. We also assess the impact of laboratory incubation on macroalgal epibiota by comparing each species to wild counterparts. We find strong differences between theNereocystisandMastocarpusepibiota that are maintained in the laboratory.NereocystisandMastocarpusalter water column bacterial community composition and richness in a species specific manner, but cause only small compositional shifts onNMFsurfaces that do not differ by species, and do not change richness. Co‐incubation with macroalgae results in significant change in abundance of fivefold more genera in the water column compared toNMFsurfaces, although the direction (i.e., enrichment or reduction) of shift is generally consistent between the water andNMFsurfaces. Finally,NMFs grew during the experiment, but growth did not depend on the presence or identity of neighbouring macroalgae. Thus, macroalgae exhibit a strong and species‐specific influence on the water column microbiota, but a much weaker influence on the epibiota of neighbouring macroalgae. Overall, these results support the idea that macroalgae surfaces are highly selective and demonstrate that modulations of macroalgal microbiota operate within an overarching paradigm of host species specificity.
The search for loci under selection: trends, biases and progress
Authors: Ahrens Collin W. , Rymer Paul D. , Stow Adam , Bragg Jason , Dillon Shannon , Umbers Kate D. L. , Dudaniec Rachael Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDetecting genetic variants under selection using FST outlier analysis (OA) and environmental association analyses (EAAs) are popular approaches that provide insight into the genetic basis of local adaptation. Despite the frequent use of OA and EAA approaches and their increasing attractiveness for detecting signatures of selection, their application to field‐based empirical data have not been synthesized. Here, we review 66 empirical studies that use Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in OA and EAA. We report trends and biases across biological systems, sequencing methods, approaches, parameters, environmental variables and their influence on detecting signatures of selection. We found striking variability in both the use and reporting of environmental data and statistical parameters. For example, linkage disequilibrium among SNPs and numbers of unique SNP associations identified with EAA were rarely reported. The proportion of putatively adaptive SNPs detected varied widely among studies, and decreased with the number of SNPs analysed. We found that genomic sampling effort had a greater impact than biological sampling effort on the proportion of identified SNPs under selection. OA identified a higher proportion of outliers when more individuals were sampled, but this was not the case for EAA. To facilitate repeatability, interpretation and synthesis of studies detecting selection, we recommend that future studies consistently report geographical coordinates, environmental data, model parameters, linkage disequilibrium, and measures of genetic structure. Identifying standards for how OA and EAA studies are designed and reported will aid future transparency and comparability of SNP‐based selection studies and help to progress landscape and evolutionary genomics.
Deep Learning for Accelerated Seismic Reliability Analysis of Transportation Networks
Authors: Nabian Mohammad Amin , Meidani Hadi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo optimize mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery procedures for infrastructure systems, it is essential to use accurate and efficient means to evaluate system reliability against probabilistic events. The predominant approach to quantify the impact of natural disasters on infrastructure systems is the Monte Carlo approach, which still suffers from high computational cost, especially when applied to large systems. This article presents a deep learning framework for accelerating seismic reliability analysis, on a transportation network case study. Two distinct deep neural network surrogates are constructed and studied: (1) a classifier surrogate that speeds up the connectivity determination of networks and (2) an end‐to‐end surrogate that replaces modules such as roadway status realization, connectivity determination, and connectivity averaging. Numerical results from k‐terminal connectivity analysis of a California transportation network subject to a probabilistic earthquake event demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed surrogates in accelerating reliability analysis while achieving accuracies of at least 99%.
Is it possible to relate accommodative visual dysfunctions to neck pain?
Authors: Sánchez‐González María Carmen , Pérez‐Cabezas Verónica , López‐Izquierdo Inmaculada , Gutiérrez‐Sánchez Estanislao , Ruiz‐Molinero Carmen , Rebollo‐Salas Manuel , Jiménez‐Rejano José Jesús 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between conditions of accommodative visual dysfunctions and cervical complaints. Fifty‐two participants were included. Variables were accommodative amplitude, positive and negative relative accommodation (NRA), accommodative response, and accommodative facility. Subjects were classified as accommodative insufficiency, accommodative excess, or normal. Neck complaints were measured with the Neck Disability Index, the Visual Analogue Scale, and by cervical range of motion, deep flexor muscle activation score, and performance index. We found the following significant relationships: between NRA and both performance index and left‐side bending; accommodative amplitude right‐eye with right‐side bending and with left‐side bending; accommodative amplitude left‐eye with right‐side bending; and accommodative facility left‐eye with both performance index and left‐side bending. In accommodative amplitude right‐eye, aIl participants showed significant values and greater than those with accommodative excess. In both groups, performance index values were decreased. Greater pain and lower right‐rotation were found in participants with accommodative excess than in those with accommodative insufficiency. We conclude that accommodative dysfunctions are related to low performance index, decreased range of motion, as well as greater neck pain.
Probing sensorimotor integration during musical performance
Authors: Furuya Shinichi , Furukawa Yuta , Uehara Kazumasa , Oku Takanori 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn integration of afferent sensory information from the visual, auditory, and proprioceptive systems into execution and update of motor programs plays crucial roles in control and acquisition of skillful sequential movements in musical performance. However, conventional behavioral and neurophysiological techniques that have been applied to study simplistic motor behaviors limit elucidating online sensorimotor integration processes underlying skillful musical performance. Here, we propose two novel techniques that were developed to investigate the roles of auditory and proprioceptive feedback in piano performance. First, a closed‐loop noninvasive brain stimulation system that consists of transcranial magnetic stimulation, a motion sensor, and a microcomputer enabled to assess time‐varying cortical processes subserving auditory–motor integration during piano playing. Second, a force‐field system capable of manipulating the weight of a piano key allowed for characterizing movement adaptation based on the feedback obtained, which can shed light on the formation of an internal representation of the piano. Results of neurophysiological and psychophysics experiments provided evidence validating these systems as effective means for disentangling computational and neural processes of sensorimotor integration in musical performance.
Does the experimenter presence affect working memory?
Authors: Belletier Clément , Camos Valérie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent studies suggest that social presence undermines performance in difficult tasks because the presence of others would automatically capture the attention needed to achieve these tasks. Here, we tested whether this attentional capture (caused by the experimenter presence) affects working memory. Several models suggest that maintenance in working memory relies on an attentional mechanism. Besides this mechanism, another nonattentional verbal rehearsal could also maintain verbal information. In experiment 1, we varied the presence of the experimenter while participants had to memorize letters during a short retention interval. Moreover, a secondary task was introduced in some conditions to reduce the availability of attention. Experiment 2 replicated experiment 1 with the addition of a concurrent articulation to prevent the use of verbal rehearsal. The results showed that participants in the presence of the experimenter recalled fewer letters than participants who stayed alone in the cubicle, but only in experiment 2. These findings are the first evidence that social presence hinders attentional but not nonattentional maintenance in working memory. They have strong implications for understanding working memory and the impact of social presence, as well as important methodological implications.
Competition for the focus of attention in visual working memory: perceptual recency versus executive control
Authors: Hitch Graham J. , Hu Yanmei , Allen Richard J. , Baddeley Alan D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrevious research on memory for a short sequence of visual stimuli indicates that access to the focus of attention (FoA) can be achieved in either of two ways. The first is automatic and is indexed by the recency effect, the enhanced retention of the final item. The second is strategic and based on instructions to prioritize items differentially, a process that draws on executive capacity and boosts retention of information deemed important. In both cases, the increased level of retention can be selectively reduced by presenting a poststimulus distractor (or suffix). We manipulated these variables across three experiments. Experiment 1 generalized previous evidence that prioritizing a single item enhances its retention and increases its vulnerability to interference from a poststimulus suffix. A second experiment showed that the enhancement from prioritizing one or two items comes at a cost to the recency effect. A third experiment showed that prioritizing two items renders memory for both vulnerable to interference from an irrelevant suffix. The results suggest that some but not all items in working memory compete to occupy a narrow FoA and that this competition is determined by a combination of perceptually driven recency and internal executive control.
Postmating sexual conflict and female control over fertilization during gamete interaction
Authors: Firman Renée C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMales and females rarely have identical evolutionary interests over reproduction, and when the fitness of both sexes is dependent upon paternity outcomes, sexual conflict over fertilization is inevitable. In internal fertilizers, the female tract is a formidable selective force on the number and integrity of sperm that reach the egg. Selection on sperm quality is intensified when females mate multiply and rival males are forced to compete for fertilizations. While male adaptations to sperm competition have been well documented (e.g., increased sperm fertilizing capacity), much less attention has been given to the evolutionary consequences of postmating sexual conflict for egg form and function. Specifically, increased sperm competitiveness can be detrimental by giving rise to an elevation in reproductive failure resulting from polyspermy. Spanning literature on both internal and external fertilizers, in this review I discuss how females respond to sperm competition via fertilization barriers that mediate sperm entry. These findings, which align directly with sexual conflict theory, indicate that females have greater control over fertilization than has previously been appreciated. I then consider the implications of gametic sexual conflict in relation to the development of reproductive isolation and speculate on potential mechanisms accounting for “egg defensiveness.” Finally, I discuss the functional significance of egg defensiveness for both the sexes, and sperm selection for females.
The role of fish intake on asthma in children: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Papamichael M. M. , Shrestha S. K. , Itsiopoulos C. , Erbas B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence is mixed on the use of long chain Omega‐3 fatty acids in the prevention and management of childhood asthma.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search and meta‐analysis investigating the role of fish intake, the main dietary source of long chain omega‐3 fatty acids, on asthma in children.ResultsA total of 1119 publications were identified. Twenty‐three studies on fish intake in association with childhood asthma were included in the final review. In 15 of 23 studies, early introduction of fish (6‐9 months) and regular consumption (at least once a week) improved asthma symptoms and reduced risk in children 0‐14 years as compared to no fish consumption; 6 of 23 showed no effect and 2 of 23 studies suggest adverse effects. Meta‐analysis revealed an overall “beneficial effect” for “all fish” intake on “current asthma” [OR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.60‐0.95] and “current wheeze” [OR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.48‐0.80] in children up to 4.5 years old. An overall protective effect of “fatty fish” intake as compared to “no fish” intake in children 8‐14 years old was also observed [OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18‐0.67].ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that introduction of fish early in life (6‐9 months) and regular consumption of all fish (at least once a week) reduces asthma and wheeze in children up to 4.5 years old, while fatty fish intake may be beneficial in older children. Future well‐designed clinical trials are recommended to confirm the promising findings documented in this literature analysis.