bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral and antiretroviral dynamics in HIV mother-to-child transmission fluids (VADICT) – Protocol and data analysis plan for a cohort study
Authors: Olagunju Adeniyi , Anweh Damien , Okafor Ogechi , Dickinson Laura , Richman Douglas , Owen Andrew , Adejuyigbe Ebunoluwa 
Published: February 2019

Background: Pregnancy and polymorphisms in drug disposition genes alter the clearance of key antiretrovirals used as part of regimens for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT). The clinical significance of these in women initiating therapy late in pregnancy has not been investigated. The primary objective of the Viral and Antiretroviral Dynamics in HIV Mother-To-Child Transmission Fluids (VADICT) study is to investigate viral and antiretroviral dynamics in matrices associated with mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (plasma, genital fluid and breastmilk) in women (stratified by CYP2B6 genotypes) who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) before or early in pregnancy versus late in pregnancy or early postpartum. Methods: A cohort of HIV-1 infected women who initiated ART containing 600 mg efavirenz before or early in pregnancy (n = 120), during the third trimester (n = 60), or early postpartum (n = 60) will be studied. Eligible patients will be recruited from four hospitals in Benue State, North Central Nigeria and followed until the end of breastfeeding. Procedures at follow up visits will include sample collection for drug quantification and HIV-1 RNA and DNA in plasma, genital fluid and breastmilk; adherence monitoring; and newborn and infant assessment. Using newborn exposure to maternal efavirenz at birth for validation, prenatal pharmacogenetics of efavirenz will be explored using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling. Three integrated methods will be used to monitor patterns and correlates of adherence across pregnancy and the breastfeeding period. A population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model will be developed to describe the observed data and simulate what to expect in women initiating ART containing 400 mg efavirenz (recently approved for non-pregnant adults) late in pregnancy or early postpartum. Discussion: This study will help in understanding residual MTCT in women receiving ART and reasons for the rise in MTCT risk during the breastfeeding period. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03284645 (15/09/2017)
A CRIANÇA NAS I/MA(R)GENS DE INFÂNCIA: DA (IN)VISIBILIDADE AO PROTAGONISMO SOCIAL
Authors: Cabral Fernanda Mendes , Dias Adelaide Alves 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo discute as concepções de negação e (in)visibilidade que marcaram a imagem da criança pré-sociológica, bem como, destaca a concepção sociológica de infância que aponta para concepção de criança como ator social e protagonista. Em vista disso, foi constatado que as narrativas fotoetnográficas desvelam e legitimam um protagonismo criativo e subversivo nas relações de alteridade constituídas durante a infância, desse modo, as crianças têm desenvolvido formas de participação e enfrentamento das circunstâncias culturais e sociais das quais participa, o que consiste numa nova imagem sociológica - a da criança protagonista, um criança que subverte os limites e imposições das culturas visuais e de forma criativa reinventa modos de ser e de viver na contemporaneidade.
Investigating the Visual Mathematics Literacy Self-Efficacy (VMLSE) Perceptions of Eighth Grade Students and Their Views on This Issue
Authors: Celik Halil Coskun 
Published: February 2019

<p style="text-align:justify">The aim of this study was to investigate the VMLSE perception levels of eighth grade students and differentiations based on variables of gender, state of success, final grade and ability to relate mathematical concepts to daily life and examine their views on this issue. The exploratory design of mixed method, which includes both quantitative and qualitative methods, was used in the study. The survey method was used in the quantitative dimension of the study. In qualitative dimension, phenomenological design which is one of the qualitative research designs is used. The data obtained from the quantitative dimension by VMLSE perception scale were analyzed by t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The data obtained from the semi-structured interview form were analyzed by using the content analysis method for the qualitative dimension of the research. As a consequently, there was a significant difference in VMLSE perceptions based on the variables of final grade, finding one’s self successful in the field of mathematics and ability to relate mathematical concepts; however, there was no significant difference based on gender. Additionally, it was found, the students had the idea that having VMLSE perception would affect mathematics success positively. </p>
The effects of human factor related issues on assessors during the recruitment process for general and vascular surgery in the UK
Authors: Scrimgeour DSG , Patel R , Patel N , Cleland J , Lee AJ , McKinley AJ , Smith FCT , Griffiths G , Brennan PA 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Healthcare professionals increasingly recognise how human factors (HF) can contribute to medical error. An understanding of HF is also important during other high stakes activities such as summative assessments or examinations. National organisations hosting such events need to be aware of potential fatigue, boredom and stress that can occur in interviewers during these often repetitive activities. Methods A previously validated questionnaire based around the well known HF analysis and classification system (HFACS) was used to evaluate four factors (care and support, asking questions about the role as an interviewer, working within the rules and boundaries, and stress and pressure) at the 2018 UK general and vascular surgery trainee national selection process. Results A total of 92 questionnaires were completed and analysed (48% response rate). After recoding for negative phrased questions, no significant differences were found between years of experience in the selection process and mean scores obtained for all four factor items. Interviewers had a positive experience during national selection with mean factor scores ranging from 3.84 to 3.98 (out of a maximum satisfaction score of 5). Conclusions Organisations need to plan carefully and recognise the human element to ensure that their interviewers are cared for during any high stakes assessment such as national selection. Our work suggests that a positive assessor experience will further help contribute to a reliable and fair recruitment process.
ON CONNECTING WEYL-ORBIT FUNCTIONS TO JACOBI POLYNOMIALS AND MULTIVARIATE (ANTI)SYMMETRIC TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Hrivnak Jiri , Motlochova Lenka 
Published: February 2019

<p>The aim of this paper is to make an explicit link between the Weyl-orbit functions and the corresponding polynomials, on the one hand, and to several other families of special functions and orthogonal polynomials on the other. The cornerstone is the connection that is made between the one-variable orbit functions of <em>A<sub>1</sub></em> and the four kinds of Chebyshev polynomials. It is shown that there exists a similar connection for the two-variable orbit functions of <em>A<sub>2</sub></em> and a specific version of two variable Jacobi polynomials. The connection with recently studied <em>G<sub>2</sub></em>-polynomials is established. Formulas for connection between the four types of orbit functions of <em>B<sub>n</sub></em> or <em>C<sub>n</sub></em> and the (anti)symmetric multivariate cosine and sine functions are explicitly derived.</p>
An innovative approach for harmonising availability and energy efficiency in data centres: A case study
Authors: Kunbaz Mahmoud , Bieser Jürgen 
Published: February 2019

A Data Centre (DC) as critical, energy-hungry infrastructure is dominated by two main driving forces: i) Availability and ii) Energy requirements. As a result of increasing energy costs, algorithms for optimising energy efficiency have been devised. However, these algorithms do not take availability into consideration.
This paper aims to present a combination of Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA)/Reliability, Availability, Maintainability (RAM)/Energy Analysis as an innovative approach for harmonising availability and energy efficiency in DC. Based on various measures defined by FMECA/RAM, corresponding availability and reliability are modelled and calculated. In parallel, potential energy saving measures are included in RAM simulation to quantify their influence on the availability and reliability of DC infrastructure. As a result, a set of the most promising optimisation measures is selected.
Results show that some energy saving measures are highly correlated with availability. However, required data centre availability can be achieved with improved energy efficiency if the right set of optimisation measures is implemented. This approach guides DC managers to identify improvement potentials in terms of availability and energy efficiency, providing a reliable decision basis for future investments.
Penentuan Nilai Jarak Aman Sumber Tidak Bergerak: Skenario Kebakaran dan Ledakan pada SPBU dan SPPBE di Sekitar Tapak RDE
Authors: Priambodo Dedy 
Published: February 2019

PENENTUAN NILAI JARAK AMAN SUMBER TIDAK BERGERAK: SKENARIO KEBAKARAN DAN LEDAKAN PADA SPBU DAN SPPBE DI SEKITAR TAPAK RDE. Nilai jarak aman (Screening Distance Value, SDV) untuk tiap-tiap jenis sumber bahaya harus ditentukan menggunakan pendekatan konservatif sehingga pengaruh kejadian interaksi yang berada di luar jarak ini tidak perlu diperhitungkan lebih lanjut. Dari pengamatan, sumber tidak bergerak yang paling banyak berada di sekitar tapak adalah Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU) dan Stasiun Pengangkutan dan Pengisian Bulk Elpiji (SPPBE). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan SDV dari SPBU dan SPPBE untuk skenario ledakan dan kebakaran dengan lokasi studi di sekitar tapak Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE), Puspiptek Serpong. Studi ini menggunkan Areal Location Of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) untuk mensimulasikan zona ancaman ledakan dan kebakaran dari substansi Bensin dan LPG. Simulasi ini melibatkan ledakan dan kebakaran iso-oktana di SPBU dan butane di SPPBE untuk menganalisis zona ancaman dari skenario kecelakaan. Diketahui bahwa SDV sangat tergantung dari jenis, maupun kapasitas material berbahaya, skenario kecelakaan serta kondisi atmosfer pada sumber bahaya tersebut. Dari penelitian ini, diketahui pula suatu sumber bahaya bisa mempunyai SDV lebih dari satu nilai. SDV SPBU berkapasitas 170.000 liter untuk skenario kebakaran 976 m dan 1.200 m, sedangkan untuk skenario ledakan adalah 958 m dan 1.200 m. SDV SPPBE berkapasitas 25.000 kg untuk skenario kebakaran 445 m dan 565 m, sedangkan untuk skenario ledakan adalah 430 m dan 573 m. Sementara SDV SPPBE berkapasitas 100.000 kg untuk skenario kebakaran 913 m dan 1.100 m, sedangkan untuk skenario ledakan adalah 758 m dan 1.100 m. Studi ini dapat memberikan alternatif penentuan nilai SDV pada studi dan evaluasi tapak reaktor nuklir.
Pengaruh Perisai Radiasi Pada Penyimpanan Kering Bahan Bakar Nuklir Bekas untuk Reaktor Daya Eksperimental
Authors: Artiani Pungky Ayu , Ratiko Ratiko , Purwanto Yuli , Heriyanto Kuat 
Published: February 2019

PENGARUH PERISAI RADIASI PADA PENYIMPANAN KERING BAHAN BAKAR NUKLIR BEKAS UNTUK REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL Di masa mendatang, Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) berencana membangun Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) dengan daya termal 10 MW. RDE merupakan merupakan reaktor suhu tinggi dengan bahan bakar berupa pebble yang teknologinya mirip dengan reaktor HTR-10. Dalam operasional RDE hal yang perlu diperhatikan adalah pengelolaan Bahan Bakar Nuklir Bekas (BBNB). Oleh karena itu, teknologi pengelolaan BBNB HTR-10 dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengelolaan BBNB reaktor RDE. Pengelolaan BBNB reaktor HTR-10 disimpan dalam tangki penyimpanan dengan sistem kering. Telah dilakukan perhitungan laju dosis pada tangki penyimpanan BBNB di gedung reaktor dan interim storage menggunakan Monte Carlo N-Particle 5 (MCNP-5). Hasil perhitungan laju dosis pada tangki penyimpanan dengan berbagai ketebalan timbal (Pb) berkisar 11,7 – 2,560 x 106 µSv/jam dan 813,06 – 7,146 x 106 µSv/jam masing-masing pada gedung reaktor dan interim storage. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan Pb pada tangki penyimpanan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam penurunan laju dosis baik pada gedung reaktor maupun interim storage. Penurunan laju dosis akan lebih efektif dengan penambahan Pb pada shielding luar tangki penyimpanan BBNB. Hasil perhitungan laju dosis berkisar 2,560 x 106 – 20,32 µSv/jam dan 7,146 x 106 – 105,58 µSv/jam untuk berbagai ketebalan Pb pada shielding luar tangki penyimpanan BBNB masing-masing di gedung reaktor maupun interim storage. Meskipun nilai laju dosis tidak memenuhi syarat Nilai Batas Dosis (NBD) bagi pekerja radiasi dan masyarakat, namun untuk keselamatan pekerja radiasi penanganan BBNB ini dapat diakomodir dengan konsep As Low As Resonably Achievable (ALARA), memperpanjang waktu peluruhan BBNB dan menfungsikan dinding interim storage sebagai shielding.Kata kunci : Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE), Bahan Bakar Nuklir Bekas (BBNB), laju dosis, perisai radiasi.
Unjuk Kerja Pengangkutan Penumatik Sistem Small Adsober Sphere Shutdown System untuk Sistem Pemadaman Kedua RDE
Authors: Syahna Denissa Beauty , Priambodo Dedy - , Putro Guntur Eko 
Published: February 2019

UNJUK KERJA PENGANGKUTAN PENUMATIK SISTEM SMALL ADSOBER SPHERE SHUTDOWN SYSTEM UNTUK SISTEM PEMADAMAN KEDUA RDE. Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) adalah reaktor berbendingin gas temperatur tinggi yang merupakan program unggulan BATAN untuk mempromosikan penggunaan energi nuklir, meningkatkan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap energi nuklir, membuktian kehandalan system keselamatan dari teknologi reaktor maju, menguasaan teknologi reaktor generasi IV dan mendorong kemampuan industri nuklir nasional. RDE menggunakan Small Adsorber Sphere Shutdown system (SAS) sebagai system kedua pemadaman reaktor. SAS terdiri atas elemen SAS (B4C) 5mm sebanyak 270.000 buah, sistem pengangkutan penumatik dan bejana penyimpanan elemen SAS. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja sistem pengangkutan penumatik elemen SAS dengan parameter yang ditinjau adalah target waktu pengangkutan sebesar 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 dan 200 detik serta diameter pipa pengangkutan sebesar 40mm, 50mm, dan 60mm. Dari studi diketahui bahwa penurunan tekanan terbesar terjadi pada diameter pipa 40mm dan target waktu pengangkutan elemen SAS 100 detik yaitu sebesar 2.3psi; sedangkan penurunan tekanan terendah diperoleh pada diameter 60mm dan target waktu pengangkutan elemen SAS 200 detik yaitu sebesar 0.7 psi.Kata kunci: Unjuk kerja, pneumatik, SAS, RDE, Diameter, waktu-pengangkutan
Penerimaan Masyarakat Sekitar Puspiptek Serpong Terhadap Rencana Pembangunan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental
Authors: Mudjiono Mudjiono - , Alimah Siti - , Susiati Heni - , Irawan Dimas - , Bustomi Moh. 
Published: February 2019

PENERIMAAN MASYARAKAT SEKITAR PUSPIPTEK SERPONG TERHADAP RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN REAKTOR DAYA EKSPERIMENTAL. Rencana pembangunan Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) selain didasarkan pertimbangan aspek tekonologi dan keselamatan, juga didasarkan aspek sosial, ekonomi, budaya maupun lingkungan. Berdasar aspek sosial, rencana pembangunan tersebut dapat dimaknai berbeda-beda di dalam masyarakat berdasar tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi masing-masing. Tujuan studi untuk mengetahui tingkat peneriman masyarakat sekitar kawasan terhadap pembangunan RDE. Metodologi yang digunakan dengan studi literatur selanjutnya dilakukan pengambilan sampel melalui survei dengan responden yang proporsional. Dari hasil analisis kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa 64% responden menyatakan mengetahui BATAN telah mengoperasikan reaktor nuklir, sementara tidak tahu 19% dan yang tidak menjawab sebesar 17%. Sebagian besar responden menyatakan bahwa sumber informasi pengetahuan tentang BATAN diperoleh dari keikutsertaannya di acara diskusi sebesar 18,7%, selanjutnya 17,7% melalui TV dan penyuluhan sebesar 16,3%. Terdapat 75% dari Responden yang menyatakan setuju terhadap rencana pembangunan RDE untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listrik, sedangkan yang tidak setuju sebesar 7% dan tidak menjawab sebesar 18%. Responden beranggapan bahwa dengan adanya RDE akan menyebabkan harga listrik akan menjadi murah (20,3%), dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja (19,2%) dan RDE dipahami tidak mengeluarkan polusi (17,5%). Sedang ketidaksetujuan dikarenakan ada kekhawatiran terjadi kecelakaan atau kebocoran, pencemaran radioaktif dan beranggapan bahwa pembangkit tenaga listrik lain masih mencukupi.Kata kunci: Penerimaan masyarakat, survei, RDE
A randomized open label parallel group study comparing the safety, effectiveness and adherence between 2% fusidic acid cream versus 1% retapamulin ointment in children with impetigo
Authors: Subba Reddy Jeevimani Venkata , Rao Vijaya Mohan , Madhavulu Buchineni , Kudagi B. L. , Rama Mohan Pathapati 
Published: February 2019

Background: Impetigo is a contagious bacterial skin infection that affects both adults and children. Topical antibacterials such as mupirocin and fusidic acid are the most commonly used in both primary and secondary impetigo. Clinical trials have shown high efficacy of retapamulin in the treatment of secondary impetigo. However, its use in primary impetigo is limited. To this purpose, we compared the safety, efficacy and adherence to treatment of fusidic acid with retapamulin in primary impetigo.Methods: A total of 50 patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary impetigo, between 2-12 years of age, having <10 lesions, 3/5 signs and symptoms, skin infection rating score ≥4 and pus score ≥ one were involved. Patients who were having secondary impetigo leions were excluded. Twenty-five patients received 2% fusidic acid cream three times a day, and the remaining 25 patients received 1% retapamulin ointment two times a day for seven days. Skin Infection Rating Scale (SIRS) was used to assess the severity of disease at baseline and end of treatment. Clinical success was considered when SIRS score of zero each for pus, crust and pain and 0/1 each for erythema and itching. Clinical failure is a SIRS score of ≥1 for pus.Results: Baseline disease characteristics such as a number of lesions, the severity of disease (SIRS) and pus scores were statistically similar between the two groups. The clinical improvement observed with both fusidic acid and Retapamulin (20/25, 80%) and (21/25, 84%) treatments was not statistically different (p>0.05). Both drugs were well tolerated.Conclusions: Both fusidic and retapamulin showed similar clinical success in patients with primary impetigo. Since fusidic acid has anti-inflammatory property and its treatment is cost-effective, it can be considered as first-line treatment and retapamulin in fusidic acid-resistant impetigo.
Role of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in assessing prognosis in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Reddy Challapalli Srikanth , Karimaddela Keerthinmayee , Theja Peddavenkatagari , Prakash Gandikota Venkata , Kumar Pustela Mahesh 
Published: February 2019

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common condition associated with morbidity and mortality. The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) has been increasing worldwide. Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic management in acute pancreatitis (AP) remarkably decreased the mortality rate. Assessing severity of acute pancreatitis at an early stage will further decrease the mortality rate and will help to initiate appropriate treatment as early as possible to prevent mortality. Many clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors and scoring systems are used to predict severity and prognosis of AP, but none is ideal. In low resource setting, costly laboratory tests are not readily available. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an easily derivable, cost effective and applicable blood test. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a relatively novel inflammatory marker and can predict severity in various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the value of PLR as prognostic factor in acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 256 patients admitted to S.V.R.R.G.G. Hospital, with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, from April 2017 to September 2018. Patients with Acute Pancreatitis were divided into tertiles based on the values of PLR at admission, a PLR of less than 150 as 1st tertile, a PLR of 150-300 as 2nd tertile and a PLR of more than 300 as 3rd tertile. The outcomes assessed were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and death.Results: According to PLR tertiles, patients in the 3rd tertile (PLR>300) had significantly more ICU admissions, 59 (71%) and longer average Length of Hospital Stay (LOS) of survivors,18+/-5 days and higher mortality, 24 (28.9%), compared with those in the 1st tertile (PLR<150).Conclusions: PLR is an easily derivable, cost effective prognostic factor which can predict the outcome of acute pancreatitis. In this study, we established that high PLR value is associated with very bad prognosis and poor outcome or death in Acute pancreatitis.
Membongkar praktik kawin friend para wanita Sosialita di Surabaya
Authors: Nasiri Nasiri 
Published: February 2019

This research departed from three questions. The first, how does the practice of marriage friend for careers women in Surabaya? The second, why the practice of marriage friend for careers women in Surabaya? The third, how about Islamic law seen marriage friend practices for careers women in Surabaya? In order to answer the questions above, researcher conducted a qualitativer research using cass aproach. The necessary data of this study was collected by interview, observation, and revier of documentation. In order to articulate construction of careers women in Surabaya, whhich has collected data were analyzed using an inductive method. The results of this study indicate that there are two models of friend marriage in Surabaya. First, they practice friend marriage by looking for potential husbands through friends or the mass media and looking for religious leaders who can marry them. In this marriage the woman frees her husband from all obligations. Second, they chose the practice of marrying friends by finding their own husband and after finding them married at a distant or foreign place and usually this marriage ended after having a child. There are two reasons that Surabaya socialite women choose the practice of marrying a friend. First, the reason for the manivest is where they conduct this friend's marriage to free husbands from all obligations. Second, the latent reason, where they do this friend's marriage solely to seek biological satisfaction. Jurisprudence scholars disagree in addressing the practice of friendship in Surabaya. Some allow it because they see the terms of the marriage pillar have been fulfilled. There are those who forbid this friend's marriage model, this is because of the motivation caused by this friend's practice. According to them, this friend's marriage model is no different from gigolo rental practices.