bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Faculty Education on Needs and Resources for Military-Active and Veteran Students
Authors: Gibbs Catherine E. , Lee Carolyn J. , Ghanbari Haraz 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The numbers of post-9/11 service members transitioning out of the military are escalating. Our diverse nursing student population will increasingly include Veterans or those engaged in military service.

Method:
This article describes an educational session directed at nurse faculty about the needs of these students. The event focused on the array of experiences and issues experienced by active military students or Veterans as they are deployed, transition back into civilian life, or return to college.

Results:
This educational forum was well attended and praised by nurse faculty who reported increased levels of awareness, knowledge, and resources pertinent to this student population.

Conclusion:

Student-centeredness is valued in nursing education. Compliance with pertinent policies, engagement with community resources, and conveying personal interest in our students is especially valuable for students engaged in military service. Other nursing programs are encouraged to adopt a similarly designed event.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):347–353.]
Lights, Camera, Action: Lessons Learned From a Nursing and Theater Collaboration
Authors: Webster Debra 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Because nursing students do not always have opportunities to interact with individuals with mental illness due to various factors such as limited clinical sites, an innovative teaching strategy was developed.

Method:
A plan was developed to collaborate with the theater department to offer undergraduate theater students an opportunity to practice acting skills while taking an independent study. These theater students, trained as standardized patients (SPs), engaged with senior nursing students enrolled in a psychiatric mental health nursing clinical course in a baccalaureate program.

Results:
This process has been successfully implemented for the past 2 years. With 10 theater students completing the independent study and 180 nursing students engaging in interactions with SPs, improvements in communication skills for nursing students have been seen.

Conclusion:

Because this is a pilot project, additional research should be conducted to further explore the effectiveness of learning for both nursing and theater students.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(6):369–371.]
Lactic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mast Cell Function by Limiting Glycolysis and ATP Availability
Authors: Caslin Heather L. , Abebayehu Daniel , Abdul Qayum Amina , Haque Tamara T. , Taruselli Marcela T. , Paez Patrick A. , Pondicherry Neha , Barnstein Brian O. , Hoeferlin L. Alexis , Chalfant Charles E. , Ryan John J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sepsis has a well-studied inflammatory phase, with a less-understood secondary immunosuppressive phase. Elevated blood lactate and slow lactate clearance are associated with mortality; however, regulatory roles are unknown. We hypothesized that lactic acid (LA) contributes to the late phase and is not solely a consequence of bacterial infection. No studies have examined LA effects in sepsis models in vivo or a mechanism by which it suppresses LPS-induced activation in vitro. Because mast cells can be activated systemically and contribute to sepsis, we examined LA effects on the mast cell response to LPS. LA significantly suppressed LPS-induced cytokine production and NF-κB transcriptional activity in mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells and cytokine production in peritoneal mast cells. Suppression was MCT-1 dependent and reproducible with sodium lactate or formic acid. Further, LA significantly suppressed cytokine induction following LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice. Because glycolysis is linked to inflammation and LA is a byproduct of this process, we examined changes in glucose metabolism. LA treatment reduced glucose uptake and lactate export during LPS stimulation. LA effects were mimicked by glycolytic inhibitors and reversed by increasing ATP availability. These results indicate that glycolytic suppression and ATP production are necessary and sufficient for LA effects. Our work suggests that enhancing glycolysis and ATP production could improve immune function, counteracting LA suppressive effects in the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis.
Heterogeneity of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin phenotype & conjugal transfer of erm(B) in Pediococcus pentosaceus
Authors: Thumu Surya Chandra Rao , Halami Prakash M. 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:

Pediococcus pentosaceus has been reported to cause clinical infections while it is being promoted as probiotic in food formulations. Antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in this species are a matter of concern for treating clinical infections. The present study was aimed at understanding the phenotypic resistance of P. pentosaceus to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics and the transfer of AR to pathogens.

Methods:
P. pentosacues isolates (n=15) recovered from fermented foods were screened for phenotypic resistance to MLSB antibiotics using disc diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. Localization and transferability of the identified resistance genes, erm(B) and msr(C) were evaluated through Southern hybridization and in vitro conjugation methods.

Results:
Four different phenotypes; sensitive (S) (n=5), macrolide (M) (n=7), lincosamide (L) (n=2) and constitutive (cMLSB) (n=1) were observed among the 15 P. pentosaceus isolates. High-level resistance (>256 μg/ml) to MLSB was observed with one cMLSB phenotypic isolate IB6-2A. Intermediate resistance (8-16 μg/ml) to macrolides and lincosamides was observed among M and L phenotype isolates, respectively. Cultures with S phenotype were susceptible to all other antibiotics but showed unusual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8-16 μg/ml for azithromycin. Southern hybridization studies revealed that resistance genes localized on the plasmids could be conjugally transferred to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The study provides insights into the emerging novel resistance patterns in P. pentosaceus and their ability to disseminate AR. Monitoring their resistance phenotypes before use of MLS antibiotics can help in successful treatment of Pediococcal infections in humans.
Phenotypic & genotypic study of antimicrobial profile of bacteria isolates from environmental samples
Authors: Shivakumaraswamy Santhosh Kogaluru , Deekshit Vijaya Kumar , Vittal Rajeshwari , Akhila Dharnappa Sannejal , Mundanda Dechamma Muthappa , Mohan Raj Juliet Roshini , Chakraborty Anirban , Karunasagar Indrani 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
The resistance to antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria has increased at an alarming rate in recent years due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in healthcare, livestock and aquaculture. In this context, it is necessary to monitor the antibiotic resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from the environmental samples. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from environmental samples.

Methods:
Two hundred and fifty samples were collected from different sources, viz. fish and fishery products (99), livestock wastes (81) and aquaculture systems (70), in and around Mangaluru, India. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial profiling were carried out as per standard protocols. The isolates were screened for the presence of resistance genes using PCR.

Results:
A total of 519 Gram-negative bacteria comprising Escherichia coli (116), Salmonella spp. (14), Vibrio spp. (258), Pseudomonas spp. (56), Citrobacter spp. (26) and Proteus spp. (49) were isolated and characterized from 250 samples obtained from different sources. A total of 12 antibiotics were checked for their effectiveness against the isolates. While 31.6 per cent of the isolates were sensitive to all the antibiotics used, 68.4 per cent of the isolates showed resistance to at least one of the antibiotics used. One-third of the isolates showed multidrug resistance. Maximum resistance was observed for ampicillin (43.4%), followed by nitrofurantoin (20.8%). Least resistance was seen for carbapenems and chloramphenicol. PCR profiling of the resistant isolates confirmed the presence of resistance genes corresponding to their antibiotic profile.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study results showed high rate of occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and their determinants in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from different environmental sources.
Plasmid profiles among some ESKAPE pathogens in a tertiary care centre in south India
Authors: Ragupathi Naveen Kumar Devanga , Bakthavatchalam Yamuna Devi , Mathur Purva , Pragasam Agila Kumari , Walia Kamini , Ohri V.C. , Veeraraghavan Balaji 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
Plasmid has led to increase in resistant bacterial pathogens through the exchange of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genetic determinants through horizontal gene transfer. Baseline data on the occurrence of plasmids carrying AMR genes are lacking in India. This study was aimed to identify the plasmids associated with AMR genetic determinants in ESKAPE pathogens.

Methods:
A total of 112 ESKAPE isolates including Escherichia coli (n=37), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=48, including 7 pan-drug susceptible isolates), Acinetobacter baumannii (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=1) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=18) were analyzed in the study. Isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility and whole genome sequencing of isolates was performed using Ion Torrent (PGM) sequencer. Downstream data analysis was done using PATRIC, ResFinder, PlasmidFinder and MLSTFinder databases. All 88 whole genome sequences (WGS) were deposited at GenBank.

Results:
Most of the study isolates showed resistant phenotypes. As analyzed from WGS, the isolates included both known and unknown sequence types. The plasmid analysis revealed the presence of single or multiple plasmids in the isolates. Plasmid types such as IncHI1B(pNDM-MAR), IncFII(pRSB107), IncFIB(Mar), IncFIB(pQil), IncFIA, IncFII(K), IncR, ColKP3 and ColpVC were present in K. pneumoniae. In E. coli, IncFIA, IncFII, IncFIB, Col(BS512), IncL1, IncX3 and IncH were present along with other types. S. aureus harboured seven different plasmid groups pMW2 (rep5), pSAS1 (rep7), pDLK1 (rep10), pUB110 (repUS12), Saa6159 (rep16), pKH12 (rep21) and pSA1308 (rep21). The overall incidence of IncF type plasmids was 56.5 per cent followed by Col type plasmids 18.3 per cent and IncX 5.3 per cent. Other plasmid types identified were <5 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Results from the study may serve as a baseline data for the occurrence of AMR genes and plasmids in India. Information on the association between phenotypic and genotypic expression of AMR was deciphered from the data. Further studies on the mechanism of antibiotic resistance dissemination are essential for enhancing clinical lifetime of antibiotics.
CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamase in Escherichia coli isolated from extra-intestinal infections in a tertiary care hospital in south India
Authors: Rohit Anusha , Deekshit Vijaya Kumar , Balaraj Malathi , Alandur Veena Shetty , Abraham Georgi , Karunasagar Iddya , Karunasagar Indrani 
Published: June 2019

Background & objectives:
Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli carrying bla
CTX-M genes have been spreading globally, but there are geographical variations in the type of bla
CTX-M genes prevalent and there are scanty data from India. This study was conducted to determine the CTX-M type ESBLs in E. coli isolates obtained from clinical specimens from patients with extra-intestinal infections attending a tertiary care hospital in south India.

Methods:
ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from patients with extra-intestinal infections were subjected to PCR using CTX-M group-specific primers. From a representative isolate, full-length CTX-M-15 gene was amplified and sequenced. An internal fragment of this gene was sequenced in 10 representative isolates.

Results:
Of the 300 isolates of E. coli tested, 88 per cent carried CTX-M genes and bla
CTX-M-15 was the most dominant gene present in 90 per cent of the positive isolates. Most (91%) of the isolates positive for bla
CTX-M were sensitive to meropenem.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed bla
CTX-M-15 to be the dominant gene. Based on the data on antimicrobial susceptibility, cefoperazone-sulbactum could be an antimicrobial of choice.
The impact of tool selection on back and wrist injury risk in tying steel reinforcement bars: a single case experiment
Authors: Lingard Helen , Selva Raj Isaac , Lythgo Noel , Troynikov Olga , Fitzgerald Chris 
Published: June 2019

The paper explores the risk of work-related musculoskeletal injury in tying steel reinforcement bars. Three tools are compared to determine the extent to which ergonomic tools can reduce the risk of injury to the back and wrist in steel-tying. A whole body system of wearable sensors was used to measure biomechanical risk in tying. Three tools were assessed to determine their impact on the risk of work-related musculoskeletal injury when used at different heights. These were: a conventional pincer-cutting tool; a power-driven tying tool, and a long handled stapler tool.
No tool was found to work best in all situations. The long handled stapler tool significantly reduced trunk inclination when used from ground to shoulder height, but produced higher trunk extension (backward bending) when used above shoulder height. The power tying tool did not reduce the need to bend when working at lower work heights. The power-tying tool produced significantly lower peak wrist flexion values compared to the conventional pincer-cutter tool at all work heights except overhead. The power tying tool involved significantly lower levels of wrist rotation than the conventional pincer-cutter tool at all work heights above knee level.
Many assessments of ergonomic risk factors in construction rely on observational methods. The use of small, lightweight wearable sensors permits the objective measurement of biomechanical risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal injury, as well as providing objective performance data that can be used in the design and selection of task-specific tools. Our analysis of work by height also provides insight into the way in which risk factors and reduction opportunities afforded by different tools vary depending on the height at which work is to be performed.
Optimization of infrared drying condition for whole duku fruit using response surface methodology
Authors: Rahmawati Laila , Saputra Daniel , Sahim Kaprawi , Priyanto Gatot 
Published: June 2019

Duku (Lansium domesticum), tropical exotic fruit, was successfully preserved by drying using exposure to infrared radiation emitters. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize independent variables (IRE distance of 6 cm and 10 cm, IRE temperature of 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, and IRE exposure time of 50 s, 60 s, 70 s, and to produce response variables (weight loss, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solid, and browning index). It could be concluded from the optimization performed that drying duku skin in a whole fruit by exposing the fruit to the infrared emitter resulted in a duku fruit with a relatively good physical and chemical conditions and still be consumable. The IRE distance of 6 cm gave a desirability value of 0.80 while the IRE distance of 10 cm gave a desirability value of 0.92 however the IRE distance of6 cm gave a better storage time. The IRE distance of 6 cm has an optimum value of weight loss 2.2%; optimum value of fruit firmness of 40.92 N; optimum value of total soluble solid of 17.48 brix; optimum value of titratable acidity of 0.33%; and optimum value of browning index of 0.9. The fitting model base on RSM resulted from this research indicated that this study could be used as the basis for alternative process in food processing of duku but still need further research to increase the shelf life and a better result in the chemical and physical characteristics of duku.
El Administrador Provisional de Establecimientos Educacionales en el Sistema Escolar Chileno: ¿Es útil esta técnica de intervención administrativa?
Authors: Rivera Hernández Carlos 
Published: June 2019

En el presente trabajo se analizan las principales normas de la Ley N°20.529 (en adelante, Ley SAC), que regulan la figura del Administrador
Provisional de establecimientos subvencionados o que reciban aportes del Estado. Sugiere que la limitada configuración legal del referido interventor deviene en la pérdida de su eficacia normativa y práctica, impactando negativamente en la gestión administrativa y política de los órganos administrativos del sector. En tal sentido, se plantea que la deficiente técnica legislativa empleada en el diseño de esta figura de Administración Provisional en materia escolar, produce que los actores del sistema escolar no comprendan adecuadamente su verdadera naturaleza y finalidad pública.
La sobrevivencia de la medicina tradicional como alternativa de los sectores populares
Authors: Ramos Elsa 
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo surgió de la necesidad de investigar en primer lugar, cuáles son las vías alternas para mejorar el estado de salud del pueblo salvadoreño, ya que los costos de consulta médica y los medicamentos, día a día se encarecen más; en segundo lugar, al observar la falta de capacidad del sistema de salud pública de proporcionar servicios médicos a toda la población no asegurada en el país que, a su vez, carece de los recursos económicos suficientes y necesarios para acudir a los servicios médicos particulares.El trabajo contiene una introducción, un preámbulo histórico, un marco teórico, un panorama del entrado de la salud en El Salvador; una descripción de las características socio-económicas y culturales de las regiones en donde se realizó el trabajo de campo, la descripción del trabajo de campo a través de la trascripción total o resumen de las entrevistas más relevantes y, por último, los hallazgos de la investigación, las conclusiones y la bibliografía utilizada.
Fanzine – arquitetura e revolução
Authors: Lima Júlia Heloísa Souza , Salvador Manoela da Rosa , Pereira Schayane Dias 
Published: June 2019

Apoiado na metodologia aplicada na disciplina de Teoria e História da Arquitetura e Urbanismo IV, ministrada pelo professor Ricardo Rocha, com base em parte de seu conteúdo programático que abordava a organização do ambiente construído decorrente da Revolução Industrial até a Primeira Guerra Mundial, foi desenvolvido um fanzine - revista de cunho alternativo e não-convencional de apresentação de conteúdo - como exercício avaliativo da matéria para exposição do conhecimento produzido. Sob o título de “Arquitetura e Revolução”, o fanzine retrata a relação entre momentos históricos e a arquitetura, especificamente sobre as Revoluções Francesa e Russa e os estilos arquitetônicos Neoclássico e Construtivista. O material produzido busca através de sua organização gráfica e visual promover a reflexão sobre as ocorrências e mudanças sociais de cada período e seu reflexo no meio arquitetônico, empregando entre suas páginas o contraste das características peculiares de cada movimento. Como referência para desenvolvimento do conteúdo gráfico, foram utilizados cartazes políticos do século XX, que apresentam uma linguagem visual expressiva e inovadora em relação aos materiais dos quais se produziam até então, principalmente os cartazes russos, que antes tinham como base panfletos franceses e passam a ter uma linguagem própria, utilizada como meio de persuasão política.
Impact of Microprojects Program on Poverty Alleviation in Rural and Peri-urban Eswatini / Swaziland
Authors: Dlamini Marietta P. , Mkhaliphi Welcome M. , Mbingo Sibusiso T. 
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the variables explaining and predicting the impact of Microprojects Programme (MPP). Purposive stratified samples of infrastructure projects target beneficiaries were drawn. A descriptive-correlational survey was conducted in the four administrative regions of Eswatini whose projects were within 2009 to 2011. Four different projects (cattle dip tanks, rural electrification, water supply schemes, and neighborhood care points) of the MPP were used in the study. A questionnaire containing both ratings and factual items was developed, validated and pretested before collecting data. The analyses used were percentages, means, standard deviations and multiple linear stepwise regression. Results showed that the MPP infrastructure projects made impact towards poverty alleviation on five of eleven measures but with high response variance: Human rights, basic needs, quality of life, access to public goods and services, and on consumption and diet. Most substantial amount of funding was invested on water supply schemes. The importance of knowledge and skills from MPP project development trainings were very highly rated with low response variance in: MPP procedures; group dynamics; project sustainability; and project management. Knowledge and skills attained through MPP trainings were found very effective especially in project planning and management. Beneficiaries’ attitudes were described by them with semantics: valuable, beneficial, successful and effective. Positive attitudes developed from MPP training, project type - rural electrification, and administrative region - northern Hhohho, explained the impact of MPP in descending order; while project type had the highest impact weight followed by positive attitudes developed and the administrative region. The MPP infrastructure projects have had some forms of impact but overall, only slightly positive. In order to improve service delivery, MPP has to decentralize its services and advertize its programs through radio, TV, and printed materials for better information reach.