bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological and Thermal Studies of Euglena/Konjac Glucomannan Composite Gel as a New Resource Food Matrix
Authors: Wang Baoping , Zhang Guangming , Cheng Ping , Han Jun , Fan Zhiping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNatural konjac glucomannan is an ideal candidate for hydrogels due to its excellent gel‐forming abilities, though its limited nutritional value somewhat restricts its applications. This project primarily explored the thermal and rheological properties of composite hydrogels formed by combining konjac glucomannan with Euglena. The hydrogels were created using a Euglena suspension processed through hydration, high‐speed shearing, and ultrasonic homogenization. This is the first report to document the creation of composite gels using konjac glucomannan and Euglena. This novel combination enhanced the thermal stability of the gels to 258.7°C, improved frost resistance to −19.9°C, increased the maximum activation energy to 24,179.6 J/mol, and raised maximum creep compliance to 0.6259 1/Pa. These characteristics significantly expand their potential for food preservation and active nutrient delivery while also offering new strategy for developing nutritionally rich gel foods and new resource food matrices.
Infection by the Lungworm Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala Affects the Expression of Immune‐Related microRNAs by Its Co‐Evolved Host, the Cane Toad Rhinella marina
Authors: Chan Tsering C. L. , Yagound Boris , Brown Gregory P. , Eyck Harrison J. F. , Shine Richard , Rollins Lee A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTParasites may suppress the immune function of infected hosts using microRNAs (miRNAs) to prevent protein production. Nonetheless, little is known about the diversity of miRNAs and their mode(s) of action. In this study, we investigated the effects of infection by a parasitic lungworm (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) on miRNA and mRNA expression of its host, the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina). To investigate the cane toad's innate and adaptive immune response to this parasite, we compared miRNA and mRNA expression in naïve toads that had never been infected by lungworms to toads that were infected with lungworms for the first time in their lives, and toads that were infected the second time in their lives (i.e., had two consecutive infections). In total, we identified 101 known miRNAs and 86 potential novel miRNAs. Compared to uninfected and single‐infection toads, multiple‐infection animals drastically downregulated three miRNAs. These miRNAs were associated with gene pathways related to the immune response, potentially reflecting the immunosuppression of cane toads by their parasites. Infected hosts did not respond with substantially differential mRNA transcription; only one gene was differentially expressed between control and single‐infection hosts. Our study suggests that miRNA may play an important role in mediating host–parasite interactions in a system in which an ongoing range expansion by the host has generated substantial divergence in host–parasite interactions.
Bacterial Organelles in Iron Physiology
Authors: Ferrara Kristina M. , Gupta Kuldeepkumar R. , Pi Hualiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBacteria were once thought to be simple organisms, lacking the membrane‐bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. However, recent advancements in microscopy have changed this view, revealing a diverse array of organelles within bacterial cells. These organelles, surrounded by lipid bilayers, protein‐lipid monolayers, or proteinaceous shells, play crucial roles in facilitating biochemical reactions and protecting cells from harmful byproducts. Unlike eukaryotic organelles, which are universally present, bacterial organelles are species‐specific and induced only under certain conditions. This review focuses on the bacterial organelles that contain iron, an essential micronutrient for all life forms but potentially toxic when present in excess. To date, three types of iron‐related bacterial organelles have been identified: two membrane‐bound organelles, magnetosomes and ferrosomes, and one protein‐enclosed organelle, the encapsulated ferritin‐like proteins. This article provides an updated overview of the genetics, biogenesis, and physiological functions of these organelles. Furthermore, we discuss how bacteria utilize these specialized structures to adapt, grow, and survive under various environmental conditions.
Small, but mitey: investigating the molecular genetic basis for mite domatia development and intraspecific variation in Vitis riparia using transcriptomics
Authors: Ritter Eleanore Jeanne , Graham Carolyn D. K. , Niederhuth Chad , Weber Marjorie Gail 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Here, we investigated the molecular genetic basis of mite domatia, structures on the underside of leaves that house mutualistic mites, and intraspecific variation in domatia size in Vitis riparia (riverbank grape).
Domatia and leaf traits were measured, and the transcriptomes of mite domatia from two genotypes of V. riparia with distinct domatia sizes were sequenced to investigate the molecular genetic pathways that regulate domatia development and intraspecific variation in domatia traits.
Key trichome regulators as well as auxin and jasmonic acid are involved in domatia development. Genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, biotic interactions, and molecule transport/metabolism are upregulated in domatia, consistent with their role in domatia development and function.
This work is one of the first to date that provides insight into the molecular genetic bases of mite domatia. We identified key genetic pathways involved in domatia development and function, and uncovered unexpected pathways that provide an avenue for future investigation. We also found that intraspecific variation in domatia size in V. riparia seems to be driven by differences in overall leaf development between genotypes.
Phosphorylation‐dependent activation of the bHLH transcription factor ICE1/SCRM promotes polarization of the Arabidopsis zygote
Authors: Chen Houming , Xiong Feng , Wangler Alexa‐Maria , Bischoff Torren , Wang Kai , Miao Yingjing , Slane Daniel , Schwab Rebecca , Laux Thomas , Bayer Martin 
Published: November 2024

Summary
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the asymmetric cell division (ACD) of the zygote gives rise to the embryo proper and an extraembryonic suspensor, respectively. This process is controlled by the ERECTA‐YODA‐MPK3/6 receptor kinase‐MAP kinase‐signaling pathway, which also orchestrates ACDs in the epidermis. In this context, the bHLH transcription factor ICE1/SCRM is negatively controlled by MPK3/6‐directed phosphorylation. However, it is unknown whether this regulatory module is similarly involved in the zygotic ACD.
We investigated the function of SCRM in zygote polarization by analyzing the effect of loss‐of‐function alleles and variants that cannot be phosphorylated by MPK3/6, protein accumulation, and target gene expression.
Our results show that SCRM has a critical function in zygote polarization and acts in parallel with the known MPK3/6 target WRKY2 in activating WOX8. Our work further demonstrates that SCRM activity in the early embryo is positively controlled by MPK3/6‐mediated phosphorylation.
Therefore, the effect of MAP kinase‐directed phosphorylation of the same target protein fundamentally differs between the embryo and the epidermis, shedding light on cell type‐specific, differential gene regulation by common signaling pathways.
Plant organic nitrogen nutrition: costs, benefits, and carbon use efficiency
Authors: Tünnermann Laura , Aguetoni Cambui Camila , Franklin Oskar , Merkel Patrizia , Näsholm Torgny , Gratz Regina 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Differences in soil mobility and assimilation costs between organic and inorganic nitrogen (N) compounds would hypothetically induce plant phenotypic plasticity to optimize acquisition of, and performance on, the different N forms. Here we evaluated this hypothesis experimentally and theoretically.
We grew Arabidopsis in split‐root setups combined with stable isotope labelling to study uptake and distribution of carbon (C) and N from l‐glutamine (l‐gln) and NO3− and assessed the effect of the N source on biomass partitioning and carbon use efficiency (CUE).
Analyses of stable isotopes showed that 40–48% of C acquired from l‐gln resided in plants, contributing 7–8% to total C of both shoots and roots. Plants grown on l‐gln exhibited increased root mass fraction and root hair length and a significantly lower N uptake rate per unit root biomass but displayed significantly enhanced CUE.
Our data suggests that organic N nutrition is linked to a particular phenotype with extensive growth of roots and root hairs that optimizes for uptake of less mobile N forms. Increased CUE and lower N uptake per unit root growth may be key facets linked to the organic N phenotype.
On Being Open in Closed Places: Vulnerability and Violence in Inpatient Psychiatric Settings
Authors: Brooks Cat Papastavrou , Johnston Isobel , Gilson Erinn 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHigh levels of violence and conflict occur in inpatient psychiatric settings, causing a range of psychological and physical harms to both patients and staff. Drawing on critiques of vulnerability from the philosophical literature, this paper contends that staff's understanding of their relationship with patients (including how they should respond to violence and conflict) rests on the dominant, reductive account of vulnerability. This account frames vulnerability as an increased susceptibility to harm and so regards ‘invulnerable’ staff's responsibility to be protecting and managing vulnerable patients. We offer an alternative view of vulnerability as an openness and capability to be changed, which illuminates how the common account of vulnerability is used to justify staff's coercive power over patients and to control staff behaviour. Our main argument is that staff's adoption of this negative approach to vulnerability is associated with a range of factors that are connected to the violence and conflict endemic to these settings. Staff's need to situate themselves as invulnerable and therefore incapable of harm, we argue, leads to significant issues through: damaging staff ability to emotionally regulate; coercing patients into an asymmetrical openness leading to aggression to restore status; damaging therapeutic relationships by enforcing separation between staff and patients; increasing staff's reliance on unhelpful and rigid techniques (such as de‐escalation); repressing staffs’ ability to learn and grow through encounters with patients. Finally, we offer recommendations for how vulnerability and openness could be cultivated as a relational and radical practice in spaces that are traditionally closed and hostile to it.
Active‐Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8, Myeloperoxidase in Relation With Periodontics, Preterm Birth
Authors: Alan Murat , Sorsa Timo , Meriç Kantar Pınar , Raisanen Ismo T. , Gürlek Önder , Kanmaz Burcu , Buduneli Nurcan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate serum, placental levels of active‐matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (aMMP‐8), myeloperoxidase (MPO) in preterm‐birth with/without pre‐eclampsia and term counterparts in relation with clinical periodontal parameters.MethodsClinical periodontal measurements were recorded. Serum and placenta samples were collected during 173 full‐term (FT), pre‐term (PT) or pre‐term complicated by pre‐eclampsia (PTPE) deliveries. aMMP‐8 levels were measured by IFMA. MPO levels in the serum and placenta samples were determined by ELISA. Data were tested using non‐parametric tests.ResultsPTBE group exhibited higher full‐mouth probing depth and clinical attachment loss values than the other two groups (p < 0.05). Percentages of sites with plaque and bleeding on probing were lower in the PTBE group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Serum aMMP‐8 and MPO concentrations were higher in PTPE group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). Placenta aMMP‐8 level was higher in the control group than in the PTPE group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in the placenta MPO levels (p > 0.05).ConclusionsWithin the limits of this cross‐sectional study, it may be suggested that serum aMMP‐8 and MPO concentrations together with placenta aMMP‐8 levels may be associated with and reflect adverse pregnancy outcomes. Clinical periodontal findings did not reveal significant associations with these proteolytic and oxidative biomarkers.
Protein Involved in Tip Elongation (PITE) regulates root hair growth in rice
Authors: Yun Chan Mi , Hong Woo‐Jong , Kim Hyo‐Jeong , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Son Ye‐Jin , Noh Gayoung , Park Chan‐Woo , Li HuanJun , Liang Wanqi , Hong Chang‐Oh , Lee Kwang Min , Jung Ki‐Hong , Kim Yu‐Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolar tip growth in plants occurs only in root hairs and pollen tubes. In particular, root hair growth is considered very important in the growth of plants, as it is critical for water and nutrient absorption. Polar tip growth is regulated by various factors, including plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) and cell wall modifications. We aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanisms on tip growth of a novel gene containing the domain of unknown function (DUF) 3511. We found that Protein Involved in Tip Elongation (PITE) is involved in root hair development in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PITE protein was observed in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of root hairs. Pite mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system showed a shorter root hair phenotype compared to the wild type. Through RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis, we found that the expression of genes that affect cell wall rigidity and GA metabolism‐related genes were differently regulated in pite mutants. PITE could interact with acyl transferase and haloacid dehalogenase‐like hydrolase (HAD9) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Our study suggests that PITEs containing the DUF3511 domain regulate root hair growth in rice by mediating the expression of genes that can regulate cell wall rigidity or cause changes in GA metabolism through interactors such as HAD9.
Comparative nutrient concentration and resorption dynamics in petals and leaves
Authors: Tong Bao‐Jie , Zhao Qiu‐Ju , Li Hong‐Yan , Zhou Yi , Li Huan , Li Jia‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChemical elements support various plant functions, and their reutilization is important for plant ecological adaptation. However, there is a lack of studies comparing the elemental concentration and their reutilization in floral petals and leaves of the same plant. To address this research gap, we conducted a comparative study across 38 plant species with diverse life forms in a common garden. Our investigation focused on the nutrient concentration of 10 elements in both petals and leaves and functional traits, including flower lifespan, dry mass per unit area, water concentration, and vein density. We have found that the elements of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were more abundant in leaves. In contrast, petals contained higher concentrations of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and sodium (Na) concentrations of petals were positively related to leaves. In herbaceous plants, their petals showed significant resorption of P and K, while N, P, and K were detected with significant resorption in leaves from all life forms. A positive correlation was found between the resorption of P in leaves and petals. From the perspective of the carbon economic spectrum, N and P showed a negative correlation with dry mass per unit area in leaves. Meanwhile, petal dry mass per area and floral longevity were significantly negatively correlated with P. Our findings elucidate the nutritional basis for the functional differentiation between petals and leaves.
Oral complications associated with trigeminal trophic syndrome: A case report
Authors: Omolehinwa Temitope , Davila Andres , Mahajan Roopali , Sollecito Thomas P. , Stoopler Eric T. , Kulkarni Roopali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionDestruction of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion or peripheral damage to the trigeminal nerve may lead to trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS), a rare condition characterized by self‐inflicted trauma. To date, under 200 cases of TTS are documented in medical literature, with only sparse studies reporting on oral complications secondary to this condition.Case reportThe following report presents a well‐documented case of oral complications associated with TTS in an 83‐year‐old Caucasian female presenting with right‐sided lesions on her nasal ala, scalp, buccal mucosa, and tongue, secondary to self‐inflicted injury following their second microvascular decompression for surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia.Discussion/conclusionThe paucity of literature on oral complications associated with TTS supports the need for understanding guiding management modalities of such lesions for clinical practice. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first manuscript detailing present and potential intraoral complications associated with TTS alongside treatment modalities for the practicing clinician.
Are orofacial pain assessment tools for adults who cannot self‐report pain suitable for dental practice? A scoping review
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Lawler Alva , MacHesney Georgia , Fleischmann Isabel , McElroy Lisa , Dimitrijevic Ivana , Smith Jill , Canavan Dermot , Dougall Alison 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to identify and appraise orofacial pain assessment tools designed to score pain in adults who cannot self‐report and rate their suitability for dental practice.MethodsA protocolled systematic scoping review, in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute methods was completed. A development panel (n = 7) reviewed attributes of each tool for suitability for use in dental practice, using predefined criteria.ResultsNine studies were included. Sample size ranged from n = 22 to n = 348; all participants were 65 years plus and had a cognitive impairment or dementia, excluding controls. Four tools were identified: Facial action coding system (FACS), mobilization‐observation‐behavior‐intensity in dementia pain scale (MOBID I & II) and, orofacial pain scale–non‐verbal individuals (OPS‐NVI). Tools scored between two and thirteen out of twenty according to modified quality assessment criteria. No tool was deemed suitable for use in dental surgery, with the OPS‐NVI scoring most favorably.ConclusionsNo tools were deemed ideal for use within a dental clinic. Elements of some, particularly the OPS‐NVI, may be adaptable for this purpose. Despite the difficulties dental practitioners face trying to assess pain in non‐speaking patients, there was no suitable tool identified. Pathways need to be designed to facilitate inclusive orofacial pain assessment for those who cannot self‐report pain.
Defense‐related callose synthase PMR4 promotes root hair callose deposition and adaptation to phosphate deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Okada Kentaro , Yachi Koei , Nguyen Tan Anh Nhi , Kanno Satomi , Yasuda Shigetaka , Tadai Haruna , Tateda Chika , Lee Tae‐Hong , Nguyen Uyen , Inoue Kanako , Tsuchida Natsuki , Ishihara Taiga , Miyashima Shunsuke , Hiruma Kei , Miwa Kyoko , Maekawa Takaki , Notaguchi Michitaka , Saijo Yusuke 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYPlants acquire phosphorus (P) primarily as inorganic phosphate (Pi) from the soil. Under Pi deficiency, plants induce an array of physiological and morphological responses, termed phosphate starvation response (PSR), thereby increasing Pi acquisition and use efficiency. However, the mechanisms by which plants adapt to Pi deficiency remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that deposition of a β‐1,3‐glucan polymer called callose is induced in Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs under Pi deficiency, in a manner independent of PSR‐regulating PHR1/PHL1 transcription factors and LPR1/LPR2 ferroxidases. Genetic studies revealed PMR4 (GSL5) callose synthase being required for the callose deposition in Pi‐depleted root hairs. Loss of PMR4 also reduces Pi acquisition in shoots and plant growth under low Pi conditions. The defects are not recovered by simultaneous disruption of SID2, mediating defense‐associated salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, excluding SA defense activation from the cause of the observed pmr4 phenotypes. Grafting experiments and characterization of plants expressing PMR4 specifically in root hair cells suggest that a PMR4 pool in the cell type contributes to shoot growth under Pi deficiency. Our findings thus suggest an important role for PMR4 in plant adaptation to Pi deficiency.
Recent advances in bioactive wound dressings
Authors: Nur Md Golam , Rahman Mustafijur , Dip Tanvir Mahady , Hossain Md Hasibul , Hossain Nusrat Binta , Baratchi Sara , Padhye Rajiv , Houshyar Shadi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTraditional wound dressings, despite their widespread use, face limitations, such as poor infection control and insufficient healing promotion. To address these challenges, bioactive materials have emerged as a promising solution in wound care. This comprehensive review explores the latest developments in wound healing technologies, starting with an overview of the importance of effective wound management, emphasising the need for advanced bioactive wound dressings. The review further explores various bioactive materials, defining their characteristics. It covers a wide range of natural and synthetic biopolymers used to develop bioactive wound dressings. Next, the paper discusses the incorporation of bioactive agents into wound dressings, including antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory agents, alongside regenerative components like growth factors, platelet‐rich plasma, platelet‐rich fibrin and stem cells. The review also covers fabrication techniques for bioactive wound dressings, highlighting techniques like electrospinning, which facilitated the production of nanofibre‐based dressings with controlled porosity, the sol–gel method for developing bioactive glass‐based dressings, and 3D bioprinting for customised, patient‐specific dressings. The review concludes by addressing the challenges and future perspectives in bioactive wound dressing development. It includes regulatory considerations, clinical efficacy, patient care protocol integration and wound healing progress monitoring. Furthermore, the review considers emerging trends such as smart materials, sensors and personalised medicine approaches, offering insights into the future direction of bioactive wound dressing research.