bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond capital and wealth
Authors: Snower Dennis J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The world is economically integrated, but socially fragmented. Thus economic progress can become decoupled from social progress. As long as social progress is closely linked to and flows from economic progress, it is appropriate for government to focus attention on economic policy to promote economic growth. Indeed, for at least the first four decades of the postwar period, there are good reasons to believe that this was broadly the case for most developed economies. Then, starting in the 1980s and accelerating after the financial crisis of 2008, we argue that social progress in these countries became progressively decoupled from economic progress. The result has been the phenomenon of misery in the midst of plenty: despite continued economic growth, we witness rising dissatisfaction among large segments of the public, declining trust in most public and private institutions, rising nationalism and populism, rising discontent with globalization, increasing unwillingness to accept migrants and refugees, and growing ethnic and religious conflicts. This paper argues that the prevailing thinking about government policy is an outgrowth of the Age of Coupling. In the Age of Decoupling, however, a radically different approach to government policy is required, one that focuses not just on material wellbeing and its distribution, but also on promoting people’s sense of empowerment and social solidarity.
Near-field emission profiling of tropical forest and Cerrado fires in Brazil during SAMBBA 2012
Authors: Hodgson Amy K. , Morgan William T. , O'Shea Sebastian , Bauguitte Stéphane , Allan James D. , Darbyshire Eoghan , Flynn Michael J. , Liu Dantong , Lee James , Johnson Ben , Haywood Jim M. , Longo Karla M. , Artaxo Paulo E. , Coe Hugh 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We profile trace gas and particulate emissions from near-field airborne
measurements of discrete smoke plumes in Brazil during the 2012 biomass
burning season. The South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) Project
conducted during September and October 2012 sampled across two distinct fire
regimes prevalent in the Amazon Basin. Combined measurements from a Compact
Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) and a Single Particle
Soot Photometer (SP2) are reported for the first time in a tropical biomass
burning environment. Emissions from a mostly smouldering tropical forest
wildfire in Rondônia state and numerous smaller flaming Cerrado fires
in Tocantins state are presented. While the Cerrado fires appear to be
representative of typical fire conditions in the existing literature, the
tropical forest wildfire likely represents a more extreme example of biomass
burning with a bias towards mostly smouldering emissions. We determined fire-integrated
modified combustion efficiencies, emission ratios and emission
factors for trace gas and particulate components for these two fire types,
alongside aerosol microphysical properties. Seven times more black carbon was
emitted from the Cerrado fires per unit of fuel combustion (EFBC
of 0.13 ± 0.04 g kg−1) compared to the tropical forest
fire (EFBC of 0.019 ± 0.006 g kg−1), and more
than 6 times the amount of organic aerosol was emitted from the tropical
forest fire per unit of fuel combustion (EFOM of
8.00 ± 2.53 g kg−1, EFOC of
5.00 ± 1.58 g kg−1) compared to the Cerrado fires
(EFOM of 1.31 ± 0.42 g kg−1, EFOC
of 0.82 ± 0.26 g kg−1). Particulate-phase species emitted from the fires sampled are generally lower
than those reported in previous studies and in emission inventories, which is
likely a combination of differences in fire combustion efficiency and fuel
mixture, along with different measurement techniques. Previous modelling
studies focussed on the biomass burning season in tropical South America have
required significant scaling up of emissions to reproduce in situ and
satellite aerosol concentrations over the region. Our results do not indicate
that emission factors used in inventories are biased low, which could be one
potential cause of the reported underestimates in modelling studies. This
study supplements and updates trace gas and particulate emission factors for
fire-type-specific biomass burning in Brazil for use in weather and climate
models. The study illustrates that initial fire conditions can result in
substantial differences in terms of their emitted chemical components, which
can potentially perturb the Earth system.
Using TES retrievals to investigate PAN in North American biomass burning plumes
Authors: Fischer Emily V. , Zhu Liye , Payne Vivienne H. , Worden John R. , Jiang Zhe , Kulawik Susan S. , Brey Steven , Hecobian Arsineh , Gombos Daniel , Cady-Pereira Karen , Flocke Frank 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) is a critical atmospheric reservoir for
nitrogen oxide radicals, and plays a lead role in their redistribution in
the troposphere. We analyze new Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) PAN
observations over North America from July 2006 to July 2009. Using aircraft
observations from the Colorado Front Range, we demonstrate that TES can be
sensitive to elevated PAN in the boundary layer (∼ 750 hPa) even in
the presence of clouds. In situ observations have shown that wildfire
emissions can rapidly produce PAN, and PAN decomposition is an important
component of ozone production in smoke plumes. We identify smoke-impacted TES
PAN retrievals by co-location with NOAA Hazard Mapping System (HMS) smoke
plumes. Depending on the year, 15–32 % of cases where elevated PAN is
identified in TES observations (retrievals with degrees of freedom (DOF) > 0.6)
overlap smoke plumes during July. Of all the retrievals attempted in the
July 2006 to July 2009 study period, 18 % is associated with smoke . A case
study of smoke transport in July 2007 illustrates that PAN enhancements
associated with HMS smoke plumes can be connected to fire complexes,
providing evidence that TES is sufficiently sensitive to measure elevated PAN
several days downwind of major fires. Using a subset of retrievals with TES
510 hPa carbon monoxide (CO) > 150 ppbv, and multiple estimates
of background PAN, we calculate enhancement ratios for tropospheric average
PAN relative to CO in smoke-impacted retrievals. Most of the TES-based
enhancement ratios fall within the range calculated from in situ
measurements.
The Golden cage: Growing up in the Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Marjanovic-Shane Ana 
Published: April 2018

From the mid 1950s through roughly the 1980s, some or many children and youth of the Socialist Yugoslavia, especially those of us in Belgrade, the capital, lived in a curious, almost surreal “window” in the space and time. This surreal window of space-time, offered to children and youth of Yugoslavia, unprecedented opportunities for personal development, exposure to the classic cultures and the newest events in the cultural worlds from all over the world, freedom of speech, gathering, activism and opportunities to travel and interact with a multitude of people of the world who came to Yugoslavia. Such special window in time and space sounds impossible to believe, all the more, in the light of the subsequent brutal and bloody civil wars of the 90s in which Yugoslavia perished. And yet, for many of us this window in time and space did exist! It was a product, I think, of several paradoxical tensions that may have created unprecedented loopholes in the fabric of an otherwise authoritarian and often brutal regime that had its ugly underside in suppression of any actions and words which would be critical of the ruling regime and its leaders.One could arguably say, that, when I talk about this curious, surreal time, I talk from a point of view that can only belong to the children of the privileged: children of the high officers of the Communist party, of the Belgrade political, intellectual, cultural and economic elite. Of course, in many ways, I cannot escape, some of the privileged vistas of my own background – as no one can entirely escape the bent of their own lives. However, my privileged view comes from being among the intellectual elite of Belgrade, rather than the political elite. But my views were also based on the experiences of “ordinary” others which I shared in the everyday ways of life in which I was not segregated from everyone else: my neighbors, school mates, people I met in various other gathering places. In this auto-ethnographic essay, I explore a uniqueness of my Socialist Yugoslav childhood, where a lot of children and youth lived as if in a golden cage. This golden cage had an internal reality that was in many ways protective of our wellbeing. In this reality we experienced freedoms, stood for justice, had many opportunities to participate in cultural clubs, art studios, musical bands, poetic societies, sports clubs, summer and winter camps, etc. At the same time, the world that surrounded us, and even in many ways created our childhoods, was harsh, often brutal and did not hold any of the high ethical principles and values that we believed and lived in.
Association of Perioperative Glycemic Control With Deep Postoperative Infection After Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M. , Brockmeier Stephen F. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Although diabetes mellitus (DM) has been established as a risk factor for infection after lower extremity arthroplasty, no association has been reported with shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:
We queried a national database for patients with DM who underwent primary shoulder arthroplasty. We identified perioperative hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and assessed the incidence of wound complications within 6 months and deep infection that required surgical intervention within 1 year for each HbA1c level. We performed a receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine a threshold value of HbA1c.

Results:
Patients with DM had markedly higher rates of wound complications (1.4% versus 0.9%; odds ratio, 1.22; P = 0.028) and deep infection (0.7% versus 0.4%; odds ratio, 1.47; P = 0.001). The rates of wound complications (P = 0.0008) and deep postoperative infection (P = 0.002) increased markedly as the perioperative HbA1c level increased. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated an inflection point at an HbA1c level of 8.0 mg/dL (P = 0.017; sensitivity, 50%; specificity, 75%).

Conclusions:
The risk of wound complications and deep postoperative infection in patients with DM increases as the perioperative HbA1c level increases. An HbA1c level >8.0 mg/dL could serve as a threshold for a markedly increased risk of infection.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level III, case-control study, treatment study
pH‐Responsive, Light‐Triggered on‐Demand Antibiotic Release from Functional Metal–Organic Framework for Bacterial Infection Combination Therapy
Authors: Song Zhiyong , Wu Yang , Cao Qi , Wang Huajuan , Wang Xiangru , Han Heyou 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo satisfy the ever‐growing demand in bacterial infection therapy and other fields of science, great effort is being devoted to the development of methods to precisely control drug release and achieve targeted use of an active substance at the right time and place. Here, a new strategy for bacterial infection combination therapy based on the light‐responsive zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is reported. A pH‐jump reagent is modified into the porous structure of ZIF nanoparticles as a gatekeeper, allowing the UV‐light (365 nm) responsive in situ production of acid, which subsequently induces pH‐dependent degradation of ZIF and promotes the release of the antibiotic loaded in the mesopores. The combination of the UV‐light, the pH‐triggered precise antibiotic release, and the zinc ions enables the light‐activated nanocomposite to significantly inhibit bacteria‐induced wound infection and accelerate wound healing, indicating a switchable and synergistic antibacterial effect. The light irradiated accumulation of acid ensures the controlled release of antibiotic and controlled degradation of ZIF, suggesting the therapeutic potential of the metal–organic frameworks‐based smart platform for controlling bacterial infection.
Paintable and Rapidly Bondable Conductive Hydrogels as Therapeutic Cardiac Patches
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zhang Yinyu , Wang Hongbo , Xu Ziyang , Chen Jingrui , Bao Rui , Tan Baoyu , Cui Yuanlu , Fan Guanwei , Wang Wenxin , Wang Wei , Liu Wenguang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn recent years, cardiac patches have been developed for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, the fixation approaches onto the tissue through suture or phototriggered reaction inevitably cause new tissue damage. Herein, a paintable hydrogel is constructed based on Fe3+‐triggered simultaneous polymerization of covalently linked pyrrole and dopamine in the hyperbranched chains where the in situ formed conductive polypyrrole also uniquely serves to crosslink network. This conductive and adhesive hydrogel can be conveniently painted as a patch onto the heart surface without adverse liquid leakage. The functional patch whose conductivity is equivalent to that of normal myocardium is strongly bonded to the beating heart within 4 weeks, accordingly efficiently boosting the transmission of electrophysiological signals. Eventually, the reconstruction of cardiac function and revascularization of the infarct myocardium are remarkably improved. The translatable suture‐free strategy reported in this work is promising to address the human clinical challenges in cardiac tissue engineering.
Direct Synthesis of N‐Acyl Sulfonimidamides and N‐Sulfonimidoyl Amidines from Sulfonimidoyl Azides
Authors: Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Jesin Irfana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein, we describe the preparation of sulfonimidoyl azides, and demonstrate their utility in the construction of N‐acyl sulfonimidamides and N‐sulfonimidoyl amidines. N‐Acyl sulfonimidamides were synthesized in good to very good yields via “on water” copper‐catalyzed three‐component coupling between sulfonimidoyl azide, alkynes and water. The use of amines as nucleophiles yielded a wide range of N‐sulfonimidoyl amidines. Both reactions were completed in very short time at room temperature under mild conditions, thus establishing the potential of sulfonimidoyl azides, the aza‐analogues of sulfonyl azides, as an excellent precursor to derive functionalized sulfonimidamides in one step.magnified image
Point‐of‐care Resource Use in the Emergency Department: A Developmental Model
Authors: Patocka Catherine , Lin Michelle , Voros Jeremy , Chan Teresa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTechnologic advances, free open‐access medical education (FOAM or #FOAMed), and social media have increased access to clinician‐oriented medical education resources and interactions at the point of care (POC); yet, how, when, and why medical providers use these resources remains unclear. To facilitate the development and design of intuitive POC resources, it is imperative that we expand our understanding of physician knowledge‐seeking behavior at the POC.MethodsIndividual semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed using a qualitative, grounded theory approach. Twelve emergency medicine providers (three medical students, three residents, and six attending physicians) were interviewed in person or via video chat to explore how POC resources are used in the emergency department (ED). A coding system was developed by two investigators and merged by consensus. A third investigator audited the analysis.ResultsA conceptual framework emerged from the data describing the four main uses of POC resources (deep‐dive, advanced clinical decision making, teaching patients, and teaching learners) and how practitioners’ main use varied based on medical expertise. Junior learners prioritize their own broad learning. Experienced learners and physicians prefer to 1) seek answers to specific focused clinical questions and 2) disseminate POC information to teach patients and learners, allowing them to devote more of their time to other clinical and teaching tasks.ConclusionThe conceptual framework describes how physician knowledge‐seeking behavior using POC resources in the ED evolves predictably throughout training and practice. Knowledge of this evolution can be used to enhance POC resource design and guide bedside teaching strategies.
Activation/Inactivation Role of Ionic Liquids on Formate Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. 101 and Its Mutated Thermostable Form
Authors: D'Oronzo Erica , Secundo Francesco , Minofar Babak , Kulik Natallia , Pometun Anastasia A. , Tishkov Vladimir I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are used in numerous research areas including biocatalysis. The effect of ILs/water mixture on the activity of wild type and a more thermally and chemically stable mutant (SM4) of a specific formate dehydrogenases (PseFDH, EC 1.2.1.2) were studied experimentally and by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The ILs investigated were [Mmim][Me2PO4], [Bmim][Br], [Bmim][CH3SO3], [Bmim][BF4], [Bmim][AcO], and it was found that low concentrations (optimally 2.5 %) of some ILs increased (up to 42 %) the activity of the SM4 FDH but not of the WT FDH. Using intrinsic fluorescence to calculate Stern–Volmer constants and thermodynamic parameters, we have studied protein conformational changes caused by ILs for both enzymes. Kinetic analyses allowed us to shed light on the mechanism of activation by 2.5 % [Bmim][BF4] on the mutant enzyme. MD simulation provided evidences of a molecular basis of different enzyme activities in ILs that well correlated with the experimental data.
Bimetallic Alloyed PtCu Nanocubic Frames with Three‐Dimensional Molecular Accessible Surfaces for Boosting Oxygen Reduction and Glycerol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Wang Ai‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Fang , Jiang Liu‐Ying , Zhang Lu , Feng Jiu‐Ju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) hollow nanoframes with high surface‐to‐volume ratio and abundant accessible active sites are a type of promising catalysts, albeit with the challenging synthesis by a one‐step solvothermal method. In this research, uniform bimetallic PtCu alloyed hollow cubic nanoframes (HCNFs) were synthesized with high yield by a simple, template‐free, one‐step co‐reduction approach, where cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), Cl−/O2, ethanolamine, and oleylamine served as the structure director, oxidative etchant, reducing agent, and co‐reductant, respectively. The architectures were characterized by a series of characterization techniques. Combined with the 3D hollow structures, PtCu HCNFs exhibited enlarged specific/mass activities, boosted catalytic activity, and improved durability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) compared with Pt nanocubes (Pt NCs), commercial Pt/C (20 wt %), and Pt black catalysts in alkaline solutions. This work provides guidelines for the rational design and synthesis of frame‐like nanocatalysts with superior catalytic activity and stability.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Tolerability of Concomitant Administration of Verinurad and Febuxostat in Healthy Male Volunteers
Authors: Hall Jesse , Gillen Michael , Yang Xiaojuan , Shen Zancong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVerinurad (RDEA3170) is a selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor in development for treatment of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. This phase 1, single‐blind, multiple‐dose, drug‐drug interaction study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and safety/tolerability of verinurad in combination with febuxostat in healthy male volunteers. Twenty‐three subjects were randomized and received once‐daily doses of verinurad (or placebo) or febuxostat alone (days 1‐7 and days 15‐21), or verinurad + febuxostat on days 8‐14. For combinations, subjects received verinurad 10 mg + febuxostat 40 mg or verinurad 2.5 mg + febuxostat 80 mg. Plasma/serum and urine samples were analyzed for verinurad, febuxostat, and uric acid. Safety was assessed by adverse events and laboratory tests. Febuxostat 40 mg had no effect on plasma exposure of verinurad 10 mg, whereas febuxostat 80 mg increased the maximum observed plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of verinurad 2.5 mg by 25% and 33%, respectively. Verinurad had no effect on febuxostat PK. Maximal reduction in serum urate was 76% with verinurad 10 mg + febuxostat 40 mg versus verinurad 10 mg (56%) or febuxostat 40 mg (49%) alone and was 67% with verinurad 2.5 mg + febuxostat 80 mg versus verinurad 2.5 mg (38%) or febuxostat 80 mg (57%) alone. Verinurad increased, whereas febuxostat decreased, 24‐hour fractional excretion and renal clearance of uric acid. There was no clinically significant drug‐drug interaction between verinurad and febuxostat PK. The combination resulted in greater reductions of serum urate than either drug alone and was well tolerated at the studied doses.
How to Write a Research Manuscript
Authors: Frank Deborah J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article provides a step‐by‐step guide to help you turn your high‐quality data into a high‐quality manuscript for publication in a scientific journal. It covers all aspects of the writing process, including: choosing a journal to which to submit your paper, writing each section, formulating your “story,” making figures, soliciting constructive criticism, and navigating the review process. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Unicellular Model Genetic Organism of Enduring Importance
Authors: Hanson Pamela K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThough perhaps best known for its roles in baking and brewing, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is found in a wide range of habitats and has been adapted for use in the laboratory. S. cerevisiae’s reputation as a powerful genetic model system stems in part from its remarkably efficient homologous recombination, which allows researchers to readily modify yeast genes. This genetic tractability also contributed to yeast's selection as the system of choice for Nobel laureates who studied everything from the cell cycle to membrane trafficking. As the first eukaryote to have its genome fully sequenced, S. cerevisiae has long been at the leading edge of genomic‐scale research, including microarrays, systematic gene deletion, and more recently, construction of a fully synthetic eukaryotic genome. A dedicated, well‐curated database, and a wide range of commercially available collections make it easy for new researchers to adopt this system to answer fundamentally important questions in eukaryotic cell biology. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Anisotropic Microsegregation in the Growth of Doped III‐V‐Semiconductors from Solution
Authors: Danilewsky Andreas N. , Meinhardt Jens , Boschert Stefan , Bischopink Georg 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a consistent formulation of macro‐ and microsegregation is presented to describe dopant inhomogeneities and concentration variations in binary and multinary III‐V‐semiconductor crystals grown from metallic solution. The effective distribution and diffusion coefficients respectively are calculated by applying the classical segregation models for zone melting and are based on experimental data. From the macroscopic effective distribution coefficient keff the microscopic kinetic distribution coefficient kkin is derived, which varies along a curved growth face, in particular along a macrostep. As a consequence of this surface anisotropy, the fluxes of the dissolved species through the interface vary as well and cause local changes in the liquidus distribution of species. The liquidus concentration is calculated by means of 2‐dimesional numerical simulations. The extracted liquidus concentration along the interface combined with the locally changing kinetic distribution coefficient allows the calculation of the solidus concentration along the macrostep. The result is the consistent description of microsegregation as a result of an anisotropic interface on a µm‐scale and the macro‐segregation on a mm‐ or cm‐scale. This could be tested experimentally in a diffusion dominated growth regime under microgravity.