bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Loading Frequency on Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Structural Steels
Authors: Teixeira M. C. , Awd M. , Walther F. , Pereira M. V. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn ultrasonic fatigue tests, the VHCF properties can be determined in a reasonable time. Nevertheless, the high frequency can affect the fatigue behavior for some materials. This study investigated the fatigue capability of 34CrNiMo6 and 42CrMo4 steels, both of which find widespread applications in several mechanical components. These steels were carried out for conventional and ultrasonic fatigue tests under fully reversed testing conditions. A microplasticity strain amplitude was calculated, indicating an order of magnitude decreases around 10–100, when compared with the experimental results from low‐frequency tests. Cyclic strain rates were estimated for each steel and correlated with the number of cycles to failure. A conversion constant was obtained by fitting a curve to convert the high frequency results into theoretical results at low frequency. The experimental and predicted results were evaluated. The results proved the relevance of the strain rate in frequency effect. The converted results showed strong agreement with the experimental results in low‐frequency tests for the steels being studied.
Role of Loading Rate on Cracking Behavior in Granite Disks With Laboratory Experiments and Grain‐Based Modeling
Authors: Yang Yingming , Lei Ruide , Gu Qingheng , Hu Chao , Zhou Linsen , Wei Shirong , Li Xuejia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe investigation of the tensile properties of rock materials is essential for understanding the failure mechanism of engineering rock masses. In this study, we conducted a series of Brazilian splitting tests on granite specimens under three different loading rates, concurrently monitored using acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The results show that the mechanical parameters of granite disks are positively correlated with the loading rate. The AE waveforms are found to be associated with the lower frequency band, suggesting that this frequency range primarily dominates the failure mechanism in granite disks. Furthermore, the onset of micro‐tensile fractures precedes the development of micro‐shear ones. The elevation distribution of the fractured surfaces of the granite disks follows a Gaussian function. The fractal dimension increases progressively with the loading rate, whereas the complexity and irregularity of the fractured surface decrease. Moreover, the cracking mechanism of granite disks at the microscale was revealed using grain‐based modeling (GBM). The intergranular tensile cracks predominantly form along the radial direction, and the proportion of intergranular shear cracks is the smallest.
Knowledge and practices of nurses working in urology clinics on fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management
Authors: Seyhan Ak Ezgi , Culha Yeliz , Eren Esra , Ozbas Ayfer 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the knowledge and practices of nurses working in urology clinics on fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management. The study sample for this descriptive cross‐sectional research comprised 79 nurses employed in clinics providing care to urology patients from June 2023 to June 2024. These nurses had internet access and consented to participate in the study on a voluntary basis. The data were obtained through the ‘Google Form’, which uses a descriptive characteristics form, a fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management knowledge form, and a practice form for fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management. The mean score of the nurses on the fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management knowledge form was 7.48 ± 1.74. The most common practice related to fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management was “I monitor and record additional fluid losses related to vomiting, diarrhoea, fever and drains”. When the mean scores of the fluid–electrolyte monitoring and management knowledge form were compared according to the individual characteristics of the nurses, no statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of the knowledge form according to the characteristics of the nurses (p > 0.05). In this study, the mean knowledge scores of the nurses were above average. When the practices of the nurses for the prevention of fluid–electrolyte imbalances were examined, most of them stated that they monitored additional fluid losses related to vomiting, diarrhoea, fever and drains. The characteristics of the nurses (clinical experience, age, years of working in the profession and educational status) did not affect their knowledge scores.
How Infants Direct Their Gaze to Faces in the Presence of Other Objects: The Development of Face Preference Between 4 and 7 Months After Birth
Authors: Belteki Z. , Hessels R. S. , Junge C. M. M. , Kemner C. , van den Boomen C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFrom early in development, infants process faces in their environment differentially from other items. By around 6 months of age, they are able to orient toward faces in the presence of distractor items. This paper aimed to assess whether this preferential looking toward faces was observable prior to 6 months of age, and whether there were developmental trends. We assessed this using the face pop‐out task, a free viewing eye‐tracking experiment in which infants viewed arrays containing an image of a face, alongside four distractor items. We assessed whether infants at 4, 5, 6 and 7 months (n = 1585 participants) differed in the proportion of first looks, total dwell time, and frequency of fixations to faces compared to other items. All three outcome variables were significantly higher toward faces than toward any of the other items in all the age groups. Moreover, there were age‐related differences across all measures—the older the infants were, the more pronounced their face preferences were. These age‐related differences could not be attributed to differences in data quality, and thus suggest that face preference is observable at 4 months of age but shows a strong development until 6 months.
Impact of Age and Comorbid Conditions on Incidence Rates of COVID‐19‐Associated Hospitalizations, 2020–2021
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Walsh Edward E. , Branche Angela R. , Barrett Angela , Alba Luis , Gollerkeri Sonia , Schillinger Julia A. , Phillips Matthew , Finelli Lyn 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID‐19‐associated hospitalization rates by age and comorbid conditions can more precisely assess risk for severe illness and target prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study to estimate population‐based COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization among patients by age and selected comorbid conditions in three hospital systems in Rochester and New York City (NYC), NY. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing incidence rates for patients with and without these comorbidities were determined.ResultsFrom March 2020 to December 2021, 7779 patients were hospitalized with COVID‐19 of whom 43.8% had ≥3 comorbid conditions. Overall annual incidence ranged from 325.3 to 965.8 per 100,000 persons. Age group‐specific incidence was lowest in children 10–14 years (range 4.4–58.9) and highest in adults ≥85 years (range 2790.5–5889.6). Incidence rates for comorbid conditions generally increased with increasing age while IRR decreased with increasing age. Children in NYC 5–17 years with asthma or obesity had 3.4 and 53.3 times higher hospitalization rates, respectively, than children without these conditions. Adults in all age groups with obesity, diabetes, coronary artery disease, or congestive heart failure CHF had 1.6–4.7 times, 1.7–7.2 times, 2.0–10.1 times, or 1.7–20.2 times higher hospitalization rates, respectively, than those without these conditions. Adults ≥50 years with asthma had 1.5 to 1.8 times higher hospitalization rates than those without asthma.ConclusionsThe burden of hospitalization with COVID‐19 was high, particularly among adults ≥85 years and adults with obesity, diabetes, CAD, or CHF. However, the impact of comorbidities was less in older adults. Population‐based incidence rates by age and comorbidities provide more precise estimates of the benefits of vaccines and antiviral medications.
Alpha‐Ketoglutarate Alleviates Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Associated Periodontitis in a Novel Murine Model
Authors: Mao Chuanyuan , Yu Weijun , Lin Lu , Yang Ruhan , Hu Shucheng , Li Guanglong , Gu Yuting , Jin Min , Lu Eryi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo establish a reproducible experimental animal model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐associated periodontitis (PD), investigate the effects of SLE on PD and assess the therapeutic potential of alpha‐ketoglutarate (αKG) for SLE‐PD treatment.Materials and MethodsAn SLE‐PD murine model was established via ligature‐induced PD in MRL‐lpr strain, with MRL/MpJ strain as a non‐SLE control. The periodontal state was assessed using micro‐CT, real‐time PCR, histology, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays. αKG levels were analysed, and a thermoresponsive gel was designed as a periodontal dimethyl (DM)‐αKG delivery system. αKG levels were analysed in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of PD patients with or without SLE.ResultsSLE significantly increased the periodontal inflammation and bone resorption in the SLE‐PD model. αKG levels in GCF were lower in PD patients with SLE than in PD patients without SLE. Decreased αKG levels in the gingiva and macrophage M1/M2 imbalance were observed in SLE‐PD mice. However, DM‐αKG thermoresponsive gel effectively alleviated the periodontal inflammation, bone resorption and macrophage M1/M2 imbalance in SLE‐PD mice.ConclusionsOur study established, for the first time, a novel SLE‐PD murine model and revealed that SLE increases the severity of PD in vivo. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of αKG for SLE‐associated PD.
Cross‐sectional association of irregular dietary habits with glycemic control and body mass index among people with diabetes
Authors: Shimizu Mika , Oya Junko , Kondo Yuichiro , Katamine Aki , Hasegawa Yukiko , Nakagami Tomoko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo determine the association of irregular dietary habits with HbA1c and body mass index (BMI) in people with diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe included 4,421 people with diabetes aged 20–74 years (type 1 diabetes (T1D), 19.1%) who answered a questionnaire at mealtime. Adjusted least square means in HbA1c and BMI in patients with irregular dietary habits: “irregular mealtimes (irregular),” “skipping breakfast (SB),” and “late dinner (LD)” were compared to those with “regular dietary habits (regular).” Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association of irregular dietary habits with HbA1c ≥ 7% and BMI ≥25 kg/m2.ResultsHbA1c was significantly higher for “irregular” in both sexes and for “LD” in women than those of “regular” in people with T1D. HbA1c was significantly higher for “LD,” and BMI was higher for almost all irregular dietary habits than those of “regular” in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Odds ratios (ORs) for HbA1c ≥7% were 3.20 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30–7.89) for T1D women with “irregular” and 1.73 (1.20–2.49) and 2.20 (1.14–3.65) for T2D men and women with “LD,” respectively. ORs for BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were 1.60 (95% CI, 1.15–2.22) for T2D men with “irregular” and 1.43 (1.02–2.01) and 2.11 (1.21–3.65) for T2D women and men with “LD,” respectively.ConclusionsIrregular mealtimes are associated with poor glycemic control in T1D women and are associated with obesity in T2D men. Furthermore, a late dinner was associated with high HbA1c levels and BMI in people with T2D.
Emotional bargaining after litigation: An experimental study of the Coase theorem
Authors: Chang Yun‐chien , Hung David Ta‐wei , Lin Chang‐Ching , Wang Joseph Tao‐yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEntitlement assignment is unimportant if transaction cost is sufficiently low, as post‐litigation bargaining can redress allocative inefficiency, or so goes the Coase theorem. Ward Farnsworth, based on interviews with lawyers, argues that animosity created during litigation, a key mechanism to (re)allocate entitlement, will hinder the conclusion of any deal following litigation. Using a laboratory experiment, we test whether animosity generated before negotiations reduce the rate at which deals are successfully concluded and find evidence for a lower deal rate under one of the treatment conditions (the raw difference being three percentage points). The small practical effect may be attributed to rationality carrying the day and/or the limited degree of animosity we can generated in the lab with human subjects. The Coase theorem holds, while Farsworth's observation should not be ignored.
Cost Estimation for the Preservation of Selected Food/Crop Products With Ozone
Authors: Leeuwen J. van , Pandiselvam Ravi , Jeevarathinam G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMost research publications on the application of ozone for the extension of shelf life of food and crop products suffer from, firstly, not clearly defining the dose of ozone used relative to the sample sizes of produce and, secondly, not quantifying the cost implication. The aim of this article is to clearly calculate the ozone dosage for some 30 different food storage applications. Then, a rationale for the cost estimation of ozonation on an industrial scale was established. The cost of ozonation was analyzed by separating the capital, operating and maintenance costs, and then expressing each of these as the cost per kg of applied ozone. This was done both for the use of ozone dissolved in water and for dry applications, where ozonated oxygen or air is applied to food products in a treatment chamber or directly in the storage area. Using the cost approaches as developed, it was shown that the most economical approach to generating ozone for all but small installations is to generate oxygen on‐site, thus using a smaller ozone generator and saving on power cost, ozone transfer, and maintenance. The estimated costs were applied to 30 research case studies on food preservation with ozone published in various journals. This covers seven on vegetable storage, eight on fruits, four on juices, five on meat and seafood, and five on stored grain. In summary, the cost of ozonation of food articles is less than $0.01/kg of fruit, vegetable, or meat product, and about $0.002/kg grain. Fruit juices require more ozone, and the cost could be $0.01‐$0.04 per liter.
Petrogenesis of the Scapolite‐Bearing Kongurblak Shear Zone, Chinese Southwestern Tianshan: Implications for Rock‐Buffered Fluid Flow Migration During Orogeny
Authors: Lü Zeng , Chen Zhenyu , Festa Andrea 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the lower Kongurblak River, Chinese SW Tianshan, scapolite was first found in a narrow shear zone (the Kongurblak shear zone, KSZ), consisting of variably mylonitized sedimentary rocks, including marble, meta‐sandstone and felsic–marly phyllonite. These rocks show varying scapolite textures and modes (from less than 1% to 15%), as a sporadic fine‐grained matrix phase, porphyroblasts with abundant inclusions, or blocky aggregates. The Cl content of scapolite (0.90–2.79 wt.%) varies between different rock types, which is higher in meta‐sandstone and marble than in felsic–marly phyllonite. Rare patchy lower Cl domains of scapolite and Ba zoning of K‐feldspar in meta‐sandstone and Cl zoning of porphyroblastic scapolite in marly phyllonite suggest pulsed fluid circulation. P–T estimates, thermodynamic modelling and mineral textures indicate scapolite formation through metasomatizing sodic feldspar and/or metamorphic reactions at amphibolite‐facies conditions (470°C°C–600°C and 3–7 kbar). These findings suggest the NaCl–CO2–H2O fluids in the KSZ stem from an external source, not from evaporitic horizons, at ~200 Ma by apatite U–Pb dating. The chlorinity and X (CO2) values of fluids, calculated based on the chemistry of the assemblage scapolite–biotite and T–X (CO2) diagrams, correlate well with specific rock types they traverse, which show different mineral modes and compositions, prograde reactions, structural permeability and host rock cavities. This indicates that the chemistry of medium‐grade infiltrative fluids in shear zones is strongly rock‐buffered, with crucial implications for orogenic metallogenesis in specific rock types. Evidence that the lithologies within the KSZ and their tectonometamorphic histories are distinct from those of the two bounding metamorphic units suggests they represent exotic sedimentary blocks transported over long distances within a large‐scale mélange, also providing new constraints on the tectonic collage of the Chinese SW Tianshan.
Neurofilament heavy phosphorylated epitopes as biomarkers in ageing and neurodegenerative disease
Authors: De Paoli Laura F. , Kirkcaldie Matthew T. K. , King Anna E. , Collins Jessica M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrom the day we are born, the nervous system is subject to insult, disease and degeneration. Aberrant phosphorylation states in neurofilaments, the major intermediate filaments of the neuronal cytoskeleton, accompany and mediate many pathological processes in degenerative disease. Neuronal damage, degeneration and death can release these internal components to the extracellular space and eventually the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Sophisticated assay techniques are increasingly able to detect their presence and phosphorylation states at very low levels, increasing their utility as biomarkers and providing insights and differential diagnosis for the earliest stages of disease. Although a variety of studies focus on single or small clusters of neurofilament phosphorylated epitopes, this review offers a wider perspective of the phosphorylation landscape of the neurofilament heavy subunit, a major intermediate filament component in both ageing and disease.image
Non‐optimal cognitive offloading in schizophrenia in a prospective memory task: Influence of both metacognitive beliefs and cognitive effort avoidance
Authors: Décombe Amandine , Scarampi Chiara , Malleville Elora , Capdevielle Delphine , Gilbert Sam J. , Raffard Stéphane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCognitive offloading refers to the use of physical action and the external environment to simplify mental demand. One form of this—intention offloading—involves the use of external reminders to support delayed intentions. Both beliefs of poor memory ability and a preference to avoid cognitive effort lead to offloading intentions rather than using internal memory. Schizophrenia is a population with deficits in prospective memory and to overcome this difficulty, neuropsychological interventions can propose external aids such as reminders. However, it is unknown what motivates individuals with schizophrenia to spontaneously use reminders. Twenty‐seven individuals with schizophrenia and twenty‐seven non‐clinical individuals were recruited to perform a prospective memory task, with two levels of difficulty, by deciding whether to use reminders or their internal memory. The proportion of reminder use, performance (hits and errors), subjective effort and metacognitive beliefs were recorded. The results show a non‐optimal use of reminders in the schizophrenia group: this group used more reminders than the non‐clinical group when the task was easy but did not increase reminder usage when the task became more difficult. Individuals with schizophrenia perceived the task to be more effortful than the non‐clinical individuals in the easy task, but also had a high estimation of their memory ability. Reminder usage in schizophrenia is atypical and non‐optimal. This may relate to effort and metacognition but the direct influence of these factors remains to be demonstrated. The overall results open perspectives on the neuropsychological treatment of prospective memory in this population.
The Efficacy of Topical Cosmetic Containing Alpha‐Arbutin 5% and Kojic Acid 2% Compared With Triple Combination Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Split‐Face, Evaluator‐Blinded Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Tantanasrigul Pimpa , Sripha Apinya , Chongmelaxme Bunchai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile the gold standard treatment for melasma is triple combination cream (TCC), arbutin and kojic acid demonstrate their benefits and may be used as an alternative.AimsTo investigate the efficacy of cream containing alpha‐arbutin 5% and kojic acid 2% (AAK) compared with TCC for melasma treatment.Patients/MethodsA split‐faced, randomized study was conducted among 30 participants with melasma, and all were randomized to receive AAK or TCC on each side of their face for 12‐week along with 4‐week follow‐up period. The melanin index (MI), modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI), and physician global assessment (PGA) scores were used to measure the effectiveness of interventions. Recurrence of melasma after treatment discontinuation was evaluated by MI and mMASI. Patient satisfactions and adverse effects were also evaluated. In the analysis, the mean difference (MD) was used for MI and mMASI, while Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was for the PGA scores, adverse effects, and patient satisfaction.ResultsThe MD of MI and mMASI scores were not different between groups (mMASI [p = 0.344] and MI [p = 0.268]). The PGA scores only showed improvement on the TCC‐treated side (p = 0.032). Compared to the AKK group, the subjects with TCC showed higher severity of recurrence (MI [p = 0.004] and mMASI [p = 0.045]). No difference in patient satisfaction score between the groups, but erythema and stinging were higher in the TCC group.ConclusionsThe AAK cream appeared to be effective for melasma treatment, highlighting a lower recurrent rate and fewer adverse events than standard therapy.Trial Registration: thaiclinicaltrials.org: TCTR20230124004
Ayurvedic Ingredients in Dermatology: A Call for Research
Authors: Singh Nupur , Brown Angela N. , Gold Michael H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the ever‐changing cosmetic landscape, Ayurvedic skincare, rooted in the holistic medical system of Ayurveda from India, has gained popularity in Western countries due to its natural ingredients and multipurpose benefits. Originating from the earth's sources, such as plants and minerals, each ingredient like ashwagandha, turmeric, and neem among others are believed to address various cosmetic and medical issues.Aims and MethodsDespite centuries of anecdotal evidence, modern clinical trials validating these claims are limited. This paper looked to investigate current literature regarding Ayurvedic skincare and promote its continued research.ResultsExisting in vitro studies have demonstrated significant potential, indicating the need for further large‐scale testing. The rise of Ayurvedic ingredients is partially driven by the increasing cost of healthcare and the belief in the superiority of natural self‐medication. However, healthcare providers must educate patients on the potential dangers of relying solely on natural products. Products like concentrated lemon juice or homemade sunscreens lack scientific validation and have been implicated in various cosmetic and medical issues, highlighting the need to prevent misinformation and improve education from trusted sources.ConclusionsThis paper explores the current literature that establishes promising prospects for Ayurvedic skincare, emphasizing the need for quality control and clinical trials, and highlights how Ayurvedic medicine, as it modernizes, holds the potential to become a major player in cosmetic dermatology.