bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Hydrolysis Susceptibility and Hydrophobicity of SN-38 Nano-Prodrugs on Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Koseki Yoshitaka , Ikuta Yoshikazu , Cong Liman , Takano-Kasuya Mayumi , Tada Hiroshi , Watanabe Mika , Gonda Kohsuke , Ishida Takanori , Ohuchi Noriaki , Tanita Keita , Taemaitree Farsai , Dao Anh Thi Ngoc , Onodera Tsunenobu , Oikawa Hidetoshi , Kasai Hitoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the field of drug delivery, controllability of drug release site and duration are among the most important factors to manipulate the drug efficacy and side effects. In this paper, a series of nano-prodrugs (NPs) composed of anticancer agent SN-38 and various substituent groups were synthesized and fabricated. By increasing the hydrophobicity of the prodrug molecule (calculated logP values exceeded ca. 7) through changing the substituent group, the hydrolysis susceptibility of SN-38 NPs in mouse serum was drastically decreased, thus prolonged the blood retention time of the NPs. In light of this knowledge and the dispersion stability in aqueous media, SN-38 NP modified with cholesterol (SN-38-chol NPs) was selected to be the optimal candidate among the screened NPs. The in vivo pharmacological effect of SN-38-chol NP was about 10 times higher than irinotecan, the clinically used solubilized prodrug analog of SN-38. In addition, SN-38-chol NP has low side effects in evaluating intestinal damage. These NPs possess great potential for clinical application and promise to be a next-generation of drug for cancer treatment.
Changes in acetabular orientation during total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Schloemann D. T. , Edelstein A. I. , Barrack R. L. 
Published: May 2019

Aims The aims of this study were to determine the change in pelvic sagittal alignment before, during, and after total hip arthroplasty (THA) undertaken with the patient in the lateral decubitus position, and to determine the impact of these changes on acetabular component position. Patients and Methods We retrospectively compared the radiological pelvic ratio among 91 patients undergoing THA. In total, 41 patients (46%) were female. The mean age was 61.6 years (sd 10.7) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 20.0 kg/m2 (sd 5.5). Anteroposterior radiographs were obtained: in the standing position preoperatively and at six weeks postoperatively; in the lateral decubitus position after trial reduction intraoperatively; and in the supine position in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Pelvic ratio was defined as the ratio between the vertical distance from the inferior aspect of the sacroiliac (SI) joints to the superior pubic symphysis and the horizontal distance between the inferior aspect of the SI joints. Changes in the apparent component position based on changes in pelvic ratio were determined, with a change of > 5° considered clinically significant. Analyses were performed using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results Intraoperatively, in the lateral decubitus position, the pelvic ratio increased (anterior tilt) in 69.4% of cases, did not change significantly in 20.4%, and decreased (posterior tilt) in 10.2% of cases. When six-week postoperative radiographs were compared with preoperative radiographs, the pelvic ratio decreased in 44.9% of cases, did not change significantly in 42.3%, and increased in 12.8% of cases. This change in alignment correlated with a change in acetabular component version of > 5° in 79.6% of cases intraoperatively and 57.7% of cases at six weeks postoperatively. Conclusion Changes in pelvic sagittal pelvic position occur throughout THA that, if unaccounted for, introduce errors in acetabular component placement. The use of intraoperative imaging may help the appropriate placement of the acetabular component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):45–50.
Intravenous tranexamic acid safely and effectively reduces transfusion rates in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hines J. T. , Hernandez N. M. , Amundson A. W. , Pagnano M. W. , Sierra R. J. , Abdel M. P. 
Published: May 2019

Aims Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to significantly reduce transfusion rates in primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs), but high-quality evidence is limited in the revision setting. The purpose of the current study was to compare the rate of blood transfusions and symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in a large cohort of revision THAs treated with or without intravenous (IV) TXA. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective review of 3264 revision THAs (2645 patients) between 2005 and 2014, of which 1142 procedures received IV TXA (1 g at incision and 1 g at closure). The mean age in the revision group with TXA was 65 years (28 to 95), with 579 female patients (51%). The mean age in the revision group treated without TXA was 67 years (21 to 98), with 1160 female patients (55%). Outcomes analyzed included rates of transfusion and symptomatic VTEs between procedures undertaken with and without TXA. These comparisons were performed for the overall cohort, as well as within cases subcategorized for aseptic or septic aetiologies. A propensity score was developed to minimize bias between groups and utilized age at revision THA, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, preoperative anticoagulation, and year of surgery. Results Tranexamic acid significantly and substantially reduced the rate of blood transfusions after revision THA overall from 54% to 26% (p < 0.001; adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.9), with a significant reduction in both aseptic (49% to 18%; p < 0.001) and septic (73% to 53%; p = 0.04) revisions. The rate of VTE was minimal overall, with three events (0.3%) in the TXA group and four events (0.2%) in the non-TXA group. There were no significant differences in VTE rates based on TXA use or aetiology of revision. Conclusion Intravenous TXA significantly reduced transfusion rates during all-cause revision THAs, including a subgroup analysis of both aseptic and septic cohorts. Adjusted risk using propensity modelling showed no statistical difference in rates of VTEs between either group. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;100-B(6 Supple B):104–109.
Uniformly low serum cobalt levels after modular dual-mobility total hip arthroplasties with ceramic heads
Authors: Chalmers B. P. , Mangold D. G. , Hanssen A. D. , Pagnano M. W. , Trousdale R. T. , Abdel M. P. 
Published: May 2019

Aims Modular dual-mobility constructs reduce the risk of dislocation after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, questions about metal ions from the cobalt-chromium (CoCr) liner persist, and are particularly germane to patients being revised for adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) to metal. We determined the early- to mid-term serum Co and Cr levels after modular dual-mobility components were used in revision and complex primary THAs, and specifically included patients revised for ALTR. Patients and Methods Serum Co and Cr levels were measured prospectively in 24 patients with a modular dual-mobility construct and a ceramic femoral head. Patients with CoCr heads or contralateral THAs with CoCr heads were excluded. The mean age was 63 years (35 to 83), with 13 patients (54%) being female. The mean follow-up was four years (2 to 7). Indications for modular dual-mobility were prosthetic joint infection treated with two-stage exchange and subsequent reimplantation (n = 8), ALTR revision (n = 7), complex primary THA (n = 7), recurrent instability (n = 1), and periprosthetic femoral fracture (n = 1). The mean preoperative Co and Cr in patients revised for an ALTR were 29.7 μg/l (2 to 146) and 21.5 μg/l (1 to 113), respectively. Results Mean Co and Cr levels were 0.30 μg/l and 0.76 μg/l, respectively, at the most recent follow-up. No patient had a Co level ≥ 1 μg/l. Only one patient had a Cr level ≥ 1 μg/l. That patient’s Cr level was 12 μg/l at 57 months after revision THA for ALTR (and decreased ten-fold from a preoperative Cr of 113 μg/l). Conclusion At a mean of four years, no patient with a modular dual-mobility construct and ceramic femoral head had elevated Co levels, including seven patients revised specifically for ALTR. While further studies are required, we support the selective use of a modular dual-mobility construct in revision and complex primary THAs for patients at high risk for instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):57–61.
Clinical and design factors influence the survivorship of custom flange acetabular components
Authors: Jones C. W. , Choi D. S. , Sun P. , Chiu Y-F. , Lipman J. D. , Lyman S. , Bostrom M. P. G. , Sculco P. K. 
Published: May 2019

Aims Custom flange acetabular components (CFACs) are a patient-specific option for addressing large acetabular defects at revision total hip arthroplasty (THA), but patient and implant characteristics that affect survivorship remain unknown. This study aimed to identify patient and design factors related to survivorship. Patients and Methods A retrospective review of 91 patients who underwent revision THA using 96 CFACs was undertaken, comparing features between radiologically failed and successful cases. Patient characteristics (demographic, clinical, and radiological) and implant features (design characteristics and intraoperative features) were collected. There were 74 women and 22 men; their mean age was 62 years (31 to 85). The mean follow-up was 24.9 months (sd 27.6; 0 to 116). Two sets of statistical analyses were performed: 1) univariate analyses (Pearson’s chi-squared and independent-samples Student’s t-tests) for each feature; and 2) bivariable logistic regressions using features identified from a random forest analysis. Results Radiological failure and revision rates were 23% and 12.5%, respectively. Revisions were undertaken at a mean of 25.1 months (sd 26.4) postoperatively. Patients with radiological failure were younger at the time of the initial procedure, were less likely to have a diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis (OA), were more likely to have had ischial screws in previous surgery, had fewer ischial screw holes in their CFAC design, and had more proximal ischial fixation. Random forest analysis identified the age of the patient and the number of locking and non-locking screws used for inclusion in subsequent bivariable logistic regression, but only age (odds ratio 0.93 per year) was found to be significant. Conclusion We identified both patient and design features predictive of CFAC survivorship. We found a higher rate of failure in younger patients, those whose primary diagnosis was not OA, and those with more proximal ischial fixation or fewer ischial fixation options. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):68–76.
O papel das Políticas Públicas na promoção de infraestrutura a Distritos Industriais para geração de Empregos / The role of Public Policies in the promotion of infrastructure to Industrial Districts for the generation of Jobs
Authors: Santos Adilson Cascia Felix dos , Silva Bruno Cezar 
Published: May 2019

A Política Industrial, Tecnológica e de fomentação das indústrias e geração de emprego do Brasil deve ser uma importante adição às recentes iniciativas públicas. Baseia-se em um modelo conjunto de medidas e instrumentos que visam aumentar a eficiência produtiva e elevar os padrões competitivos nas indústrias brasileiras. Ciente do futuro, seu foco principal é a inovação. Mudanças estruturais na economia do Brasil, através da adição de mercados estrangeiros às estratégias da empresa, fornecem outro exemplo do tipo de sinergia que a política industrial pode trazer. Isso tornou mais fácil competir em mercados mais exigentes e diferenciados e se mostrou uma maneira de dar novo ânimo à capacidade industrial instalada no Brasil. O objetivo geral do trabalho é de mostrar a importância e contribuição das políticas públicas no Brasil, voltadas para o desenvolvimento de infraestrutura básica industrial. A revisão literária narrativa de nível exploratório foi adotada como metodologia do presente ensaio. Um diálogo mais estreito entre o Estado e o setor privado é, portanto, uma preocupação primordial, assim como a integração das ações do governo com as atividades de manufatura e o envolvimento da comunidade científica e tecnológica com a força de trabalho. O futuro que está sendo construído sobre essas iniciativas atuais é mais do que apenas promissor; já está gerando resultados substanciais para a sociedade brasileira.
Interseccionalidades em Saúde: Predomínio de Sífilis Gestacional em Mulheres Negras e Pardas no Brasil /
Authors: Morais Tatiane Ribeiro de , Feitosa Pedro Walisson Gomes , Oliveira Italo Constâncio de , Girão Milena Maria Felipe , Sales Wendell Da Silva , Brito Eulina Alves Sousa , Coutinho Liliana Linhares Ribeiro Brito , Pinheiro Sally De França Lacerda , Tavares Wládia Gislaynne De Sousa 
Published: May 2019

A Sífilis Gestacional é responsável por altos índices de morbimortalidade intrauterina, representando um grave problema de saúde pública no grupo materno-infantil. O objetivo desse estudo foi retratar o cenário epidemiológico de sífilis gestacional no Brasil consoantes as variáveis de raça, escolaridade e idade, segundo dados do Boletim epidemiológico publicado pelo Ministério da saúde do Brasil, referentes ao ano de 2017. Para análise comparativa, foram utilizados também dados de 2009 e 2013 publicados na mesma edição. Neste trabalho observou‑se predomínio de mulheres com escolaridade inferior a 8 anos; de maioria parda, com idade de 20 a 29 anos. Os dados do presente estudo corroboram com a tese de que a sífilis, assim como outras DSTs, apresentam supremacia em grupos de riscos específicos, sugerindo a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas preventivas e assistenciais valorizando a democratização e a equidade no cuidado em saúde.
Práticas Integradoras: Ações pedagógicas na educação básica / Integrative Practices: Pedagogical Actions in Basic Education
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Lima , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo conhecer as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos professores dos anos iniciais nas escolas municipais de Ribeirópolis. A pesquisa buscou identificar como os professores dos anos iniciais trabalham as práticas pedagógicas, descrever elementos/eixos pedagógicos que constituem estas práticas e explicar sua importância nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem dentro do contexto escolar dos professores nas escolas municipais. O estudo foi exploratório e qualitativo, realizado em três escolas municipais da cidade de Ribeirópolis/SE, com coordenadores, professores, alunos e pais/responsáveis que trabalham e estão inseridos nos anos/séries inicias. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a entrevista ­estruturada, e a análise de dados feita a partir da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2016). Os resultados levaram a crer que, para educar é preciso que professores, pais e alunos estejam envolvidos suficientes para que os desafios do dia-a-dia possam ser superados. O professor precisa estar preparado para cumprir seus objetivos e conquistar seus saberes.Cada aluno precisa se comprometer com o processo de aprendizagem de alfabetização e letramento e, com relação às famílias, deve-se ter um maior e melhor envolvimento e participação nas ações realizadas no contexto escolar. Cocluiu-se que, dessa forma, é possível atingir maior qualidade na educação, com práticas educacionais que utilizem diferentes metodologias e que sejam trabalhadas de forma conjunta entre os envolvidos.
Jogos: Uma Proposta Pedagógica no ensino da Microbiologia para o Ensino Superior / Games: A Pedagogical Proposal on Microbiology Education for Higher Education
Authors: Silva Sílvio Francisco da , Colombo Andrea Vieira 
Published: May 2019

A procura por novos recursos pedagógicos vem crescendo com o passar do tempo, pois nos dias de hoje se faz necessário desvencilhar-se de uma proposta pedagógica desatualizada. É de suma importância que os docentes reconheçam que o modo de ensinar mudou e que aquele modo de aprendizado apenas por repetição não surte o efeito esperado nos educandos, ocasionado assim insucesso na aprendizagem. Há uma percepção geral na educação que grande parte desse insucesso é consequência das más propostas pedagógicas institucionalizadas. Essa não é apenas uma realidade do ensino básico; notamos que o ensino superior também passa pelo mesmo problema: proposta pedagógica ultrapassada. Refletindo por essa vertente, será de grande valia que os docentes comecem a integrar às suas técnicas de ensino novas propostas pedagógicas e alternativas que a complementem e que despertem um interesse maior por parte dos estudantes. Em meio a essas propostas, está à aplicação de jogos como finalidade didática para trazer um embasamento ao conteúdo ministrado. Sendo assim, esse trabalho vem mostrar a importância que os jogos didáticos podem trazer ao aprendizado dos educandos no ensino superior, em particular na disciplina de microbiologia. A utilização de jogos didáticos na microbiologia tem impacto positivo no processo cognitivo, comportamental e afetivo da aprendizagem sobre os estudantes de graduação.
Uso da cetamina na analgesia preemptiva como forma de alívio da dor no pós-operatório imediato / Use of ketamine in preemptive analgesia as a form of pain relief in the immediate postoperative period
Authors: Sousa Ellen Karine Saraiva de , Melo Manuela Sobral Bentes de , Silva Ranyere Nobre da , Pinheiro Eyder Figueiredo , Lucena Douglas Alves , Bezerra Jéssica Fontenele , Leandro Jamille Ferreira , Landim Rafael Lucena , Ramos Antonio Augusto Jordão , Tavares Francisco Alexandre Braga , Batista Hermes Melo Teixeira 
Published: May 2019

Os momento pós-operatório é tão relevante quanto o ato operatório em si, demandando manejo das dores advindas dessa atividade. Estudos têm demonstrado que a analgesia no pós-operatório, em muitos casos, era realizada de forma inadequada. Este estudo objetiva analisar a o uso da cetamina na analgesia preemptiva como forma de alívio da dor no pós-operatório imediato, em estudos experimentais através de uma revisão na literatura. Os resultados dos estudos experimentais e clínicos aqui apresentados, apontaram que a S(+) cetamina é mais potente do que sua forma racêmica, indicando a superioridade daquela para fins de bloquear a sensibilização central, bem como que o uso da cetamina em pequenas doses na analgesia preemptiva, consiste no método mais eficaz no controle da dor do período pós-operatório. No entanto, ainda é muito restrito os artigos disponíveis sobre a temática, para fins de confirmar-se ou não, a efetividade dessa droga na analgesia preemptiva.
Returning to the Heavens: Plato’s Socrates on Anaxagoras and Natural Philosophy
Authors: Flores Samuel Ortencio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReaders of Plato since antiquity have generally taken Socrates’ intellectual autobiography in the Phaedo as a signal of his turn away from the study of natural philosophy. They have turned instead to characters such as Timaeus for evidence of Plato’s pursuit of physics. This article argues that Plato’s Socrates himself developed a philosophy of nature in his criticism of Anaxagoras and his subsequent philosophic pursuits. Socrates’ autobiography places the study of nature in a foundational position within the development of his philosophic method. In the Apology, Socrates further elaborated his investigation into nature through his understanding of theology. Finally, in the Phaedrus, Socrates connects the study of nature with the study of rhetoric as tools for virtue. Therefore, Plato’s Socrates does not reject or abandon physics, as has often been suggested, but rather, he incorporates it into his own philosophic project and challenges its practitioners to connect their own inquiries with human affairs.
Rheological and Structural Changes During the Mixing of Suspensions and Emulsions
Authors: Hugelshofer D. , Windhab E. J. , Wang J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The rheological effects occuring when an emulsion is mixed with a suspension can be detected using a helical ribbon stirrer. The stirrer rotates in a rheometer cup and is connected to the torque sensor of the rheometer. During mixing, microstructural changes which are related to the interactions between the continuous fluid phase and the disperse droplets (or disperse solid particles) as well as between droplets and particles will have a strong impact on the measured apparent viscosity. Phase interactions and surfactant influences can thereby be described in terms of their effect on the viscosity of the mixture. The viscosity trend during the mixing time is strongly dependent from the disperse phase concentration of the suspension, the polarity of the suspension particles and from the nature of the emulsifiers used. When a structural equilibrium is reached, the apparent viscosity as measured with the stirrer can be recalculated using the Rieger-Novak and the Metzner-Otto approach. This allows for a comparison of the apparent viscosities as determined by means of the stirrer and viscosities as determined in uniaxial shear in the concentric cylinder geometry. As microscopic observations demonstrate, the final state of the mixture of emulsion and suspension is the state with the energy minimum of the interfacial system, i.e. the total interfacial area is minimised by forming water containing agglomerates in a continuous oil phase.
Thermomechanical Properties of Several Polymer Modified Asphalts
Authors: Zanzotto Ludo , Stastna Jiri , Vacin Otakar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Costly deterioration of many roads and highways paved with asphalt generates a growing interest in polymer modified asphalts (PMA). Although asphalt represents only a fraction of asphalt paving mix, it is believed that it has a significant effect on the thermomechanical properties of asphalt pavements. Currently there is no consensus on the type of tests and specifications for polymer modified asphalts; however, it is clear that such specifications should be based on rheological testing of these systems. As a viscoelastic material asphalt is usually characterized by its dynamic material functions. An advantage of the use of modified loss tangent function in PMA systems is discussed in this contribution. Three polymer modifiers (SBS, EVA and EGA) commonly used in the asphalt paving industry were blended with base asphalt and various relaxations in the base, and its blends are studied here.
Transient Measurements in Rate Controlled Rheometers: A New Method of Standardization
Authors: Talbi-Boucenna Imane , Quemada Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rheological measurements in response to transient shear rate exhibit coupling effects between mechanical characteristics of rheometer and unsteady (thixotropic and viscoelastic) properties of fluid. This coupling is observed if the characteristic times of the latter lie in the range of those associated to mechanical properties of the apparatus. Damped oscillations observed in the stress relaxation curves obtained with some standard oils submitted to stress steps are an example of this type of anomalous responses. This work introduces a new method of standardization for a low shear rate rheometer (Contraves LS40) under unsteady flow conditions. This “standardization under transient conditions” is developed in order to obtain a correct interpretation of unsteady measurements performed on elastic and thixotropic fluids, hence to permit modelling of the latter. A second order differential operator is supposed capable to describe the fluid-rheometer coupling. A series of measurements on standard silicone oils, which include electromechanical characteristics of the instrument, allow us to determine the parameters involved in this operator. Then, a preliminary test of this method is performed on a typical system (Red Blood Cell suspension with Dextran) which presents viscoelastic and thixotropic behavior.