bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media Diet on Facebook During a Political Crisis: The Case of Judicial System Reform in Poland in 2017
Authors: Matuszewski Paweł Michał , Walecka Katarzyna 
Published: September 2019

This article examines the media preferences of individuals on Facebook during a political crisis and tests a theoretical model, which explains their behavior. In 2017, the Polish Parliament passed three laws that reformed the judicial system, which according to critics violated the rule of independence of the judiciary from the government. In consequence, thousands of people were mobilized and protested in over two hundred and fifty places in Poland and abroad. We examined 1.8 million Facebook users, who were active on the Facebook pages of the most popular news media outlets, the largest political organizations, and their leaders during this period. Our findings indicate that users who liked posts related to the crisis were less likely to change their liking patterns than users who did not like such posts. These results are valid for users who liked posts published by politically biased sources as well as politically diversified ones. Furthermore, those who liked posts related to the crisis also liked those posts that were congruent with their previous liking patterns. We, therefore, find proof that social media users are relatively consistent in what they like, and that such consistency can be strengthened in situations of political crisis.
RCSB Protein Data Bank: Enabling biomedical research and drug discovery
Authors: Goodsell David S. , Zardecki Christine , Di Costanzo Luigi , Duarte Jose M. , Hudson Brian P. , Persikova Irina , Segura Joan , Shao Chenghua , Voigt Maria , Westbrook John D. , Young Jasmine Y. , Burley Stephen K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnalyses of publicly available structural data reveal interesting insights into the impact of the three‐dimensional (3D) structures of protein targets important for discovery of new drugs (e.g., G‐protein‐coupled receptors, voltage‐gated ion channels, ligand‐gated ion channels, transporters, and E3 ubiquitin ligases). The Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive currently holds > 155,000 atomic‐level 3D structures of biomolecules experimentally determined using crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The PDB was established in 1971 as the first open‐access, digital‐data resource in biology, and is now managed by the Worldwide PDB partnership (wwPDB; wwPDB.org). US PDB operations are the responsibility of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics PDB (RCSB PDB). The RCSB PDB serves millions of RCSB.org users worldwide by delivering PDB data integrated with ∼40 external biodata resources, providing rich structural views of fundamental biology, biomedicine, and energy sciences. Recently published work showed that the PDB archival holdings facilitated discovery of ∼90% of the 210 new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration 2010–2016. We review user‐driven development of RCSB PDB services, examine growth of the PDB archive in terms of size and complexity, and present examples and opportunities for structure‐guided drug discovery for challenging targets (e.g., integral membrane proteins).
Assessing North Atlantic winter climate response to geomagnetic activity and solar irradiance variability
Authors: Maliniemi Ville , Asikainen Timo , Salminen Antti , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest a response in the North Atlantic winter circulation which lags by a couple of years with respect to sunspot maximum. This has been explained by two different top‐down mechanisms: a solar wind driven particle effect in the polar atmosphere during the declining phase of the solar cycle, and the re‐emergence and amplification of heat anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean produced by enhanced solar ultraviolet (UV). Here we study how December to February climate is affected by two solar‐related drivers: geomagnetic activity (proxy of particle precipitation) and sunspot activity (proxy of solar UV) during 1948–2017. We use reanalysis data of sea‐level pressure (SLP) and zonal wind (U) to show that both geomagnetic activity and sunspot activity independently and simultaneously produce atmospheric circulation responses in the North Atlantic whose evolutions clearly differ from each other. Geomagnetic activity produces a strengthening of the polar vortex and a negative poleward SLP gradient between mid‐ and high latitudes, resembling a positive NAO‐type circulation pattern during December to February. Solar UV produces a positive U anomaly in the low‐latitude stratosphere during December, which moves poleward and downward during the winter resulting in a negative poleward SLP gradient between mid‐ and high latitudes during February. We find the lagged sunspot activity responses in SLP to form zonal pressure patterns (wave‐train structure) resembling the Eurasian pattern. Geomagnetic activity responses remain essentially the same when we introduce the lag with respect to sunspot activity supporting its independency as a driving mechanism. Our results suggest that solar wind related particle precipitation and (lagged) solar UV mechanism provide independent, significant circulation signals in the North Atlantic winter.
Carbon‐Intercalated 0D/2D Hybrid of Hematite Quantum Dots/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Superior Catalyst for Advanced Oxidation
Authors: Xi Junhua , Xia Hong , Ning Xingming , Zhang Zhen , Liu Jia , Mu Zijie , Zhang Shouting , Du Peiyao , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEfficient charge separation and sufficiently exposed active sites are important for light‐driving Fenton catalysts. 0D/2D hybrids, especially quantum dots (QDs)/nanosheets (NSs), offer a better opportunity for improving photo‐Fenton activity due to their high charge mobility and more catalytic sites, which is highly desirable but remains a great challenge. Herein, a 0D hematite quantum dots/2D ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanosheets hybrid (Fe2O3 QDs/g‐C3N4 NS) is developed via a facile chemical reaction and subsequent low‐temperature calcination. As expected, the specially designed 0D/2D structure shows remarkable catalytic performance toward the removal of p‐nitrophenol. By virtue of large surface area, adequate active sites, and strong interfacial coupling, the 0D Fe2O3 QDs/2D g‐C3N4 nanosheets establish efficient charge transport paths by local in‐plane carbon species, expediting the separation and transfer of electron/hole pairs. Simultaneously, highly efficient charge mobility can lead to continuous and fast Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion, promoting a cooperative effect between the photocatalysis and chemical activation of H2O2. The developed carbon‐intercalated 0D/2D hybrid provides a new insight in developing heterogeneous catalysis for a large variety of photoelectronic applications, not limited in photo‐Fenton catalysis.
Self‐Destruction of Cancer Induced by Ag2S Amorphous Nanodots
Authors: Wang Ge , Liu Jing , Zhu Lin , Ma Xiaoming , Wang Xiaobing , Yang Xiaoli , Guo Yuming , Yang Lin , Lu Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudies on distinctive performances and novel applications of amorphous inorganic nanomaterials are becoming attractive. Herein, Ag2S amorphous and crystalline nanodots (ANDs and CNDs) are prepared via facile methods. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that Ag2S ANDs, rather than CNDs, can induce the self‐destruction of tumors, which can be attributed to their distinctive chemical properties, e.g., the higher electrochemical active surface area and lower redox potential well matching with the redox reaction requirement in the tumor microenvironment. Ag2S ANDs can be oxidized by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to release Ag+, which further stimulates high generation of intracellular ROS. This mutual stimulation damages the mitochondria, induces apoptosis, and leads to the self‐destruction of the tumor. Moreover, Ag2S ANDs do not show observable in vitro and in vivo side effects. These findings provide a promising self‐destructive strategy for cancer therapy by utilizing distinctive chemical properties of inorganic nanomaterials, while avoiding complicated external assistance.
On the Structure of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Pink Demi L. , Loruthai Orathai , Ziolek Robert M. , Wasutrasawat Prawarisa , Terry Ann E. , Lawrence M. Jayne , Lorenz Christian D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSolid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have a crystalline lipid core which is stabilized by interfacial surfactants. SLNs are considered favorable candidates for drug delivery vehicles since their ability to store and release organic molecules can be tailored through the identity of the lipids and surfactants used. When stored, polymorphic transitions in the core of drug‐loaded SLNs lead to the premature release of drug molecules. Significant experimental studies have been conducted with the aim of investigating the physicochemical properties of SLNs, however, no molecular scale investigations have been reported on the behaviors that drive SLN formation and their polymorphic transitions. A combination of small angle neutron scattering and all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations is therefore used to yield a detailed atomistic description of the internal structure of an SLN comprising triglyceride, tripalmitin, and the nonionic surfactant, Brij O10 (C18:1E10). The molecular scale mechanisms by which the surfactants stabilize the crystalline structure of the SLN lipid core are uncovered. By comparing these results to simulated liquid and solid aggregates of tripalmitin lipids, how the morphology of the lipids vary between these systems is demonstrated providing further insight into the mechanisms that control drug encapsulation and release from SLNs.
Moiré‐Potential‐Induced Band Structure Engineering in Graphene and Silicene
Authors: Zhao Mengting , Zhuang Jincheng , Cheng Qunfeng , Hao Weichang , Du Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA moiré pattern results from the projection of one periodic pattern to another with relative lattice constant or misalignment and provides great periodic potential to modify the electronic properties of pristine materials. In this Review, recent research on the effect of the moiré superlattice on the electronic structures of graphene and silicene, both of which possess a honeycomb lattice, is focused on. The moiré periodic potential is introduced by the interlayer interaction to realize abundant phenomena, including new generation of Dirac cones, emergence of Van Hove singularities (vHs) at the cross point of two sets of Dirac cones, Mott‐like insulating behavior at half‐filling state, unconventional superconductivity, and electronic Kagome lattice and flat band with nontrivial edge state. The role of interlayer coupling strength, which is determined by twist angle and buckling degree, in these exotic properties is discussed in terms of both the theoretical prediction and experimental measurement, and finally, the challenges and outlook for this field are discussed.
Highly Efficient (110) Orientated FA‐MA Mixed Cation Perovskite Solar Cells via Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Methylammonium Chloride Additive
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Wei , Zhang Taiyang , Li Donghui , Kan Miao , Wang Xingtao , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Tao , Zhao Yixin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality perovskite thin film with few defects/traps is the key to assemble high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Because of the high defects/traps density in polycrystalline perovskite films and challenging fabrication of single crystal devices, the polycrystalline perovskite films consisting of the oriented quasi‐single crystals with reduced defect density are the ideal compromise. In this work, the fabrication of highly crystalline uniaxial‐orientated perovskite thin films is demonstrated, with enhanced charge‐carrier transport through amino‐functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT‐NH2) and methylammonium chloride (MACl) additive. X‐ray scattering, including synchrotron‐based grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, reveal that the MA0.85FA0.15PbI3 thin films grown with the assistance of both CNT‐NH2 and MACl additives exhibit strong (110) orientation. Because of the highly crystallinity, uniaxial‐orientation, and large crystal grain size, the FA‐MA mixed cation perovskite films exhibit improved charge‐carrier dynamics to facilitate charge extraction and transport. The champion PSC device based on these perovskite films achieves power conversation efficiency of 21.05%. This work provides a general approach for preparing high crystalline uniaxial‐orientated perovskite films with enhanced charge‐carrier transport for various optoelectronic applications.
Second Near‐Infrared Absorbing Agents for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Lyu Yan , Li Jingchao , Pu Kanyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) provide useful tools for diagnosis and treatments of diseases. However, current applications of PA imaging and PTT are greatly limited by their relying on light source in the first near‐infrared (NIR) window (NIR‐I, 750–1000 nm), which shows shallow tissue penetration depth. Recently, this predicament is addressed by the use of second NIR (NIR‐II) light ranging from 1000 to 1700 nm due to reduced light–tissue interaction and increased allowable power density for light irradiation. Since a few endogenous biomolecules can absorb or emit NIR‐II light, it is necessary to develop contrast and therapeutic agents used for PA imaging and PTT in the NIR‐II window. This review summarizes the recent progresses of NIR‐II absorbing optical agents for PA imaging and PTT in living animal models. The prominent performance of NIR‐II PA imaging and NIR‐II PTT is first introduced with the use of optical agents, followed by discussion of the applications of NIR‐II PTT under the guidance of NIR‐I or NIR‐II PA imaging. At last, challenges and perspectives of NIR‐II absorbing optical agents for PA imaging and PTT are proposed.
HPLC determination of digital fingerprint and reliability of Zhusha Anshen Pills
Authors: Zhang Mengting , Lan Lili , Yu Yue , Zhang Yue , Gong Dandan , Yang Dongjuan , Zhang Yimeng , Lin ShengZhi , Sun Guoxiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we aimed to establish Zhusha Anshen Pills chromatogram fingerprint and evaluate it comprehensively with the of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint evaluation system. The total information index TQ of chromatographic fingerprint was used to optimize the high‐performance liquid chromatography test conditions, and berberine was used as the reference peak to establish the high‐performance liquid chromatography digital fingerprint of Zhusha Anshen Pills. The latent information characteristics of Zhusha Anshen Pills high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint were mined by software, and the quality of samples was controlled within the limit of ±15% of the technical parameters of reference fingerprint. The systematic quantified fingerprint method, the normalized chromatographic fingerprint and the reliability evaluation were also used as multiple controls for Zhusha Anshen Pills. Whether the control of latent information characteristic parameters, systematic quantified fingerprint method or reliability control, they all showed that S1 was significantly different from other batches on the whole, but different from others on the details. Compared with other methods, systematic quantified fingerprint method classification is more clearly, accurate, simple to operate and reliability. It is a worthy quality evaluation method for traditional Chinese medicine.
Symptoms of prolonged grief, posttraumatic stress, and depression in recently bereaved people: symptom profiles, predictive value, and cognitive behavioural correlates
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , Lenferink Lonneke I.M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Prior latent class analyses (LCA) have focused on people who were bereaved more than 6 months earlier. Research has yet to examine patterns and correlates of emotional responses in the first few months of bereavement. We examined whether subgroups could be identified among very recently (≤ 6 months) bereaved adults, based on their endorsement of symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. Associations of class membership with overall disturbed grief, PTSD, and depression—assessed concurrently and at 6 months follow-up—were examined. Furthermore, we examined differences between classes regarding socio-demographics, loss-related, and cognitive behavioural variables.

Methods
PGD, PTSD, and depression self-report data from 322 Dutch individuals bereaved ≤ 6 months earlier were subjected to LCA; N = 159 completed the follow-up assessment. Correlates of class membership were examined.

Results
Three classes were identified: a low symptom class (N = 114; 35.4%), a predominantly PGD class (N = 96; 29.8%), and a high symptom class (N = 112; 34.8%). PGD, PTSD, and depression scores (assessed concurrently and at 6 months follow-up) differed significantly between classes, such that low symptom class < predominantly PGD class < high symptom class. Being a woman, younger, more recently bereaved, experiencing deaths of a partner/child and unnatural losses, plus maladaptive cognitions and avoidance behaviours were associated with membership of the pervasive symptom classes.

Conclusion
In the first 6 months of bereavement, meaningful subgroups of bereaved people can be distinguished, which highlights the relevance of early detection of people with elevated bereavement-related distress and offering them preventive interventions that foster adaptation to loss.
Diversity of feeding strategies in loggerhead sea turtles from the Cape Verde archipelago
Authors: Cameron Sahmorie J. K. , Baltazar-Soares Miguel , Stiebens Victor A. , Reischig Thomas , Correia Sandra M. , Harrod Chris , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs biodiversity worldwide is decreasing, to preserve adaptive potential, the importance of maintaining species’ genetic and trait diversities is increasing. An efficient foraging strategy is a critical trait for an organism’s fitness, as it affects its physiology and reproduction. Understanding such strategies is especially relevant for species with long feeding migrations such as sea turtles. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes combined with mitochondrial sequencing, we explored the diversity of feeding strategies in genetically differentiated nesting groups of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) within the Cape Verde Archipelago. Here, we reveal a pattern where turtles from most islands use two distinct oceanic feeding strategies, including one putatively linked to a15N-enriched zone of the West African upwelling area. On the Eastern island of Boavista, an additional third strategy exists used by turtles feeding mostly neritically. Contrary to previous paradoxical assumptions, oceanic turtles, that represent the vast majority of the population, are not smaller than neritic turtles and therefore do not seem to feed in a suboptimal environment. Our results also suggest that the number of feeding strategies may correlate with demography, whereby a greater feeding strategy diversity matches demographic signs of recent expansion after a population bottleneck for turtles nesting on the island of Boavista. Overall, the feeding ecology of Cape Verde loggerhead turtles is complex and likely shaped by an interaction between environmental and population parameters. Our results stress the importance of conservation efforts to prevent loss of critical diversity in endangered species.
The safety and efficiency of performing cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections under fluoroscopic control on an ambulatory/outpatient basis
Authors: Bush Keith , Mandegaran Ramin , Robinson Elizabeth , Zavareh Ali 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (CTFESIs) have become an increasingly utilised means of treating radicular pain over recent decades, although a number of reports have brought their safety into question. Much of this has been attributed to the use of particulate steroids and the theoretical risk of embolic complications with inadvertent intra-arterial injection. This study documents the complications encountered at our centre when performing CTFESI over a more than 10-year study period with predominant use of particulate steroid. Our procedural technique is also described. This study aims to highlight the importance of operator technique first and foremost and how, with safe and reproducible technique that confidently avoids intra-arterial injection, CTFESI can be performed safely irrespective of the choice of steroid.

Methods
All patients undergoing CTFESI between January 2008 and August 2018 at our centre were prospectively recruited to the study, documenting total number of injections/procedures per patient, presence of/description of complications and severity and type of steroid administered.

Results
Five hundred and twenty-seven patients underwent 1047 procedures (1753 individual cervical levels injected) over the study period: 1011 procedures performed with particulate steroid (triamcinolone acetonide) and 36 performed with non-particulate (dexamethasone). Only six complications were encountered, all spontaneously self-resolving without intervention and considered minor (grade 1).

Conclusions
With fastidious safe technique, CTFESI can be safe, efficacious and cost-effectively administered on an outpatient basis. Predominant use of particulate steroids did not lead to any significant complications.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Recent progress in multidisciplinary treatment for patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki , Otake Reiko , Kozuki Ryotaro , Toihata Tasuku , Takahashi Keita , Okamura Akihiko , Imamura Yu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on eight topics within the multidisciplinary approach for esophageal cancer. As esophagectomy is highly invasive and likely to impair quality of life, the development of less invasive strategies is expected. Endoscopic resection (ER) of early esophageal cancer is a less invasive treatment for early esophageal cancer. A recent phase II trial revealed that combined ER and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is efficacious as an esophagus-preserving treatment for cT1bN0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Esophagectomy and definitive CRT are equally effective for patients with clinical stage I SCC in terms of long-term outcome. For locally advanced resectable cancers, multidisciplinary treatment strategies have been established through several clinical trials of neoadjuvant or perioperative treatment. Minimally invasive esophagectomy may improve the outcomes of patients and CRT is a curative-intent alternative to esophagectomy. CRT with 50.4 Gy radiotherapy combined with salvage surgery is a promising option to preserve the esophagus. Induction chemotherapy followed by esophagectomy may improve the outcomes of patients with locally advanced unresectable tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective for esophageal cancer, and their introduction to clinical practice is awaited.