bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhetorical, Political, and Ecclesiastical Perspectives of Augustine’s and Julian of Eclanum’s Theological Response in the Pelagian Controversy
Authors: Yamada Nozomu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Opus imperfectum, Augustine’s last controversy against Julian of Eclanum, we can recognize these two theologians’ rhetorical devices in which they tried to condemn each other as heretics. Particularly in the interpretations of both polemists on the issue of human sexual desire, Augustine and Julian fiercely confronted each other, making extensive use of a variety of rhetorical measures. In this article, referring to important recent research while at the same time focusing on crucial primary texts, I first would like to clarify these rhetorical arguments, particularly, the supremacy of Augustine in using such rhetorical devices. Next, the quite different philosophical frameworks of both polemists are clarified. In addition, the political and ecclesiastical perspectives of Augustine’s and Julian of Eclanum’s theological reasoning are investigated and the political tactics and ecclesiastical diplomacy of Augustine clarified. The ultimate purpose of this article is to explicate the mechanism and the true reasons for the victory of Augustine and the excommunication of Julian and other Pelagians.
Rewritten Bible in the “Museum” Slavonic Translation of the Song of Songs
Authors: Lourié Basil 
Published: May 2019

Summary
The so-called “Museum” Slavonic translation of the Song of Songs contains a specific recension enrooted in Jewish Second Temple traditions. It becomes more plausible that the Slavonic translation has been produced in the earliest period of Slavic writing directly from Syriac rather than from Hebrew, as it was proposed earlier.
How to Study the Slavic Apocrypha in the 21st Century?
Authors: Mirkovic Sladjana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article argues that Rezeptionsgeschichte is an appropriate methodology to study the Slavonic apocrypha in the twenty-first century. This methodology is applied to the reception of the biblical discourse on Moses and the Plagues against the Egyptians, which has been preserved in both ethnic and transnational Slavic textual and material remains that deal with divinized state-founders in the Balkan region.
Seven Sessions or Just a Letter? Observations on the Structure of the Disputations between Elias, Metropolitan of Nisibis, and the Vizier Abū l-Qāsim al-Maghribī
Authors: Seleznyov Nikolai N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The following article examines the structure of a remarkable Christian Arabic treatise from the eleventh century, the heyday of Arabic culture: the Book of Sessions (Kitāb al-majālis) of Elias of Nisibis (975-1046), metropolitan of the Church of the East. In this treatise, Elias presents his discussions with his Muslim interlocutor, the vizier Abū l-Qāsim al-Maghribī (981-1027). The article compares the Book of Sessions with Elias’ Epistle to the vizier, taking into consideration some further documents that shed new light on the genesis of the Book of Sessions.
The Fixed Easter Cycle in the Ethiopian Church
Authors: Gusarova Ekaterina V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article deals with the fixed Christian Easter and the feasts, which depend on it. Both moveable and fixed feasts are recorded in Christian calendars and synaxaria. Following the decisions of the First Oecumenical Council of Nicaea (AD 325) the Ethiopians celebrated mostly the moveable Easter and its cycle. At the same time in the Ethiopian Royal Chronicles is also recorded that the Ethiopian Kings and their armies celebrated the fixed Easter and its festivals, especially the Good Friday.
Eunomius and Gregory of Nyssa on the Principle of ‘the More and the Less’ and Its Application to the Category of Substance
Authors: Biriukov Dmitry 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Gregory of Nyssa at the outset of his ‘Against Eunomius’ cites Eunomius, where the latter speaks about “greater and lesser” activities. However, discussing this quotation later in the treatise, Gregory misinterprets the words of Eunomius. He reads Eunomius as if he applied the principle of ‘the more and the less’ not to activities but to substances. Such interpretation cannot be proved on the basis of what Eunomius actually wrote. Actually, the two opponents (Gregory of Nyssa and Eunomius) used the same Aris­totelian position, which prohibits the application of the principle of ‘the more and the less’ to the category of substance. This position was used by the two polemists in order to argue against each other. At the same time, Gregory developed his own philosophical system founded on the principle of ‘the more and the less’ in the course of this polemics with Eunomius.
Iconoclasts of the Imagination?
Authors: Fogleman Alex 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The evidence of sixteenth-century catechetical texts complicates the prevailing narrative that iconoclasm and Ramism led to a reconfiguring of the art of memory in England. For one, the tradition of the memory arts itself contains contested positions for the role of images in the formation of memory, which is surveyed in the first portion of this paper. In the second section, it is shown where catechesis reveals continuity with classical conceptions of memory. Sixteenth-century catechists continued to view memory as a “storehouse” or “text” of the soul, the foundation upon which to build understanding and wisdom. Where conceptions of memory show signs of departure—the topic of the third section—the evidence suggests less a shift from an imagistic to an image-less memory, but instead, a condemnation of certain kinds of images combined with a renewed emphasis on the oral, audial, and dialogical aspects of memory.
In Signum Benevoli Affectus III Menasseh ben Israel’s Album Inscription for Nathanael Vechner
Authors: Postma Ferenc , Verheij Arian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In April 1653, Menasseh ben Israel entered an inscription in the album amicorum owned by the Silesian student Nathanael Vechner. This article, the third in a series on Menasseh’s album inscriptions, comprises a biographical sketch of Vechner, followed by a photograph, a transcription, a translation and an analysis of the inscription itself.
Emphasis spread in the Djelfa dialect of Algerian Arabic
Authors: Slimani Khedidja 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper documents Emphasis spread in the Djelfa dialect (DJ) of Algerian Arabic with a special examination of the emphatic segments /sˤ/, /tˤ/ and /ðˤ/. If a given word contains an underlying emphatic segment, the nearby segments are also realized with emphasis. The dialect, however, differentiates two types of emphasis spread: unbounded leftward spread that propagates from the emphatic segment till the beginning of the phonological word; and bounded rightward spread that is blocked by a set of segments /i/, /j/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/. Of particular interest in the current investigation is the behavior of emphasis spread (ES) with respect to morpheme boundaries. While the left morpheme edge is realized with ES, the right morpheme boundary is deemed resistant to ES unless an underlying emphatic segment falls prior to a -V(C) suffix. This is well captured by the interplay between the markedness constraints FAITH [RTR] SUFFIX and SHARE (RTR).
Introduction to The Indonesian Legal System: Major Developments in the Past Decade
Authors: Setyowati Hesti , Toengkagie M. Harris S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has endured 350 years of western colonization. Its people comprise diverse ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds, all living in more than 17.000 islands spread throughout the archipelago. The development of the Indonesian legal system are considered as unique since it comprises the legacy of colonization, combined with the customary laws of various tribes. It is heavily infl uenced by Islam-the religion of the majority of its citizens, and the people’s own perception of law and justice following the colonial era. The undisputable fact on the variety of ethnic groups, cultures and religions formulate the desire for national ideology which promotes a unity of such diversity. As the result, each of the laws is formulated with reference to the principle of unity and democracy carried out in accordance with the national ideology. 60 years after its independence, the Law in Indonesia has shown great strides in its development. All of the developments are claimed to fulfi ll its goal of achieving a modern nation with solid legal foundation, without sacrifi cing its national identity.
The Difference that Being a Minority Territory Makes—A Comparison of the Regulation of Immigrant Citizenship in Catalonia, Andalusia, and Madrid
Authors: Gebhardt Dirk 
Published: May 2019

Contributing to the debate on immigrant incorporation in subnational minority territories, this chapter looks at how Catalonia’s status as a minority territory results in a specific model of immigrant citizenship. It draws on a comparison between the autonomous communities of Catalonia, Andalusia, and Madrid with the latter two territories representing the influence of the left-right axis.
An analysis of five elements of citizenship regulation reveals that Catalonia’s status as a minority territory has an influence on an inclusive citizenship philosophy and generous attitude towards granting political rights, while in the other areas (incorporation of cultural difference, newcomer integration and healthcare) the Catalan policies are less inclusive than those in Andalusia, the territory governed by the left.
While there is no conclusive evidence that being a minority territory makes Catalan policies more inclusive, the density of the Catalan regulation of citizenship is the most striking finding emerging from the comparison.
Extractive Industries and Public Participation in Russia: The Case of the Oil Industry in Izhemskii District, Komi Republic
Authors: Britcyna Ekaterina , Nystén-Haarala Soili , Pappila Minna 
Published: May 2019

This article focuses on the participatory rights of local people living in the areas of extensive oil industry operations in the Izhemskii district of the Komi Republic in Russia. The district has long been suffering from oil leaks and resulting negative environmental impacts. Lukoil-Komi bought the business directly after the Soviet era and inherited the ecological threats related to old and rusty pipelines. Lukoil-Komi has promised to put things in order, but a great deal remains to be done.This article scrutinizes how statutory law and private governance interact in protecting the participatory rights of local people living in the vicinity of oil production in Komi. First, we evaluate what participatory rights Russian legislation guarantees to local people when oil production arrives in a new area or when new wells are being explored or opened. Second, we elaborate how the major oil company in the region – Lukoil-Komi – fulfills its corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the area of participatory rights and how local people feel about their possibility to exercise their participatory rights. As participatory rights, we discuss both procedural justice with public hearings and distributive justice in the form of benefit-sharing between the company and local community. The wider perspective on participation is due to Russian CSR practices. In Russia, companies tend to earn their Social License to Operate (SLO) through benefit-sharing, often within private governance. This practice is based on the social partnership agreements between authorities and companies. These contracts have path-dependent features resembling earlier Soviet solutions. The same can be claimed to apply to a wider SLO with more focus on local communities. We argue that Lukoil-Komi has not yet been able to achieve an SLO (local acceptance) due to the lack of participatory rights and continuing environmental problems. Most local people are not willing to trade a clean environment and participatory rights for the social benefits the company offers. However, the social partnership agreement concluded between Lukoil-Komi and a local NGO, Izvatas, could be a step forward in achieving a local SLO.
Land Issues in Shanxi Province before the War of Resistance against Japan (抗战前山西土地问题新探)
Authors: Zhao (赵牟云) Mouyun 
Published: May 2019

Using Gini coefficients of land distribution, the proportion of small landowners, and the size of landholdings of large landowners in rural Shanxi before the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, this article shows that, overall, land was not concentrated but rather fragmented among all classes and that small landowners (mainly owner-cultivator peasants and semi-owner-cultivator peasants) predominated. In addition, the data presented here indicate that tenancy relations were also relatively unproblematic. Most of the tensions and contradictions in rural Shanxi were between the government and the common people, who bore the dual burden of state oppression and heavy taxation. The intense population-to-land pressure also contributed to Shanxi’s rural poverty.
通过对山西部分农村地权分配基尼系数的测算和小土地所有者比例及大地户占地情况的统计，可知在抗战前的山西农村，土地在总体上是比较分散的分配在各个阶层的，以自耕农和半自耕农为代表的小土地所有制占据主导地位，在此基础上的租佃关系比较缓和。乡村社会的矛盾和冲突更多地体现在官民之间，即农民负担过重，受压榨太甚。此外，紧张的人地关系亦是造成农村普遍贫困的一个重要因素。
The Policy of Targeted Elimination of Poverty and Its Faulty Implementation: Findings from County A of Guangdong Province (精准扶贫中的政策执行偏差——基于广东省A 县的扶贫经验)
Authors: Liu (刘万群) Wanqun , Lin (林辉煌) Huihuang 
Published: May 2019

A nationwide campaign for poverty-elimination has been underway for years. This article examines the task of “double implementation” 双到 of poverty-alleviation policies in County A, and discusses the obvious faults in the process and the complicated factors behind such faults, including the constraints of objective conditions, the mandatory requirements for poverty elimination as a political task, the malfunctioning of mechanisms for correcting mistakes, and local government’s redefinition of policy objectives, etc. All these factors work together to make the work of poverty-elimination deviate from its original objectives, as well as to make the mechanism of “inter-government complicity” function to legitimate such deviation.
近年来，一场大规模的扶贫运动在全国轰轰烈烈的开展起来。本文以A县前两轮扶贫“双到”工作为例，指出扶贫政策在实践中存在着明显的执行偏差。通过考察扶贫政策的具体执行过程，发现扶贫政策执行偏差的生成机制复杂而多元，包括客观条件限制、硬性扶贫政治任务约束、纠偏机制失灵、地方政府的政策目标替代等。这些因素之间相互交叠、彼此嵌套，使得扶贫工作逐步偏离原初的政策目标，并通过“政府间的共谋”的机制得以“合法化”。
Framing the Epidemic: NGOs and the Fight Against HIV/AIDS in Russia
Authors: Pape Ulla 
Published: May 2019

With more than one million people living with HIV, Russia is facing the biggest HIV epidemic in Europe and is one of the few countries in the world where infection rates are increasing. The response to the epidemic is shaped by the way Russian state actors and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) view the issue of HIV and how they define policy priorities.
In order to understand the factors that underlie HIV policies in Russia, this contribution analyses the framing of HIV. It thereby makes use of framing theory. Based on document analysis and interviews with NGO experts, the article differentiates between four main framings in Russia: the framing of HIV as a medical issue, as a security threat, as a moral problem or as a human rights concern.
In Russia, the moral framing of HIV has become dominant over the past decade. The epidemic is increasingly viewed as the result of harmful influences from the West which need to be overcome. As a result, Russia has departed from evidence-based approaches to HIV. Instead, it solely focuses on strengthening so-called “traditional values”, e.g. by engaging in healthy lifestyle promotion. The moral framing of HIV has also impacted the mobilization potential of Russian NGOs, as it favour those organizations that relate to the dominant framing of HIV and support government priorities.
Land in the Construction of Translocal Chinese Community: The Ideal-type of Land Attachment and Its Demonstration in the Case of Quemoy (土地在跨域華人社群中的地位：對土地依附之理念型及其在金門個案中的表現)
Authors: Liu (劉名峰) Ming-Feng 
Published: May 2019

This paper aims at illustrating that it is a critical moment for the translocal community of Quemoy for the reason that the price of land in their hometown has risen dramatically in the age of globalization. Land is like the Achilles heel for the construction of translocal community of overseas Quemoy immigrants. When land is well protected, the diasporic solidarity grows energetically, and nourishes the translocal community; when it is badly damaged, the translocal affections might wither, and lead their community to an end. After explaining the reason why the land stands as such an important role for the people of Quemoy at home and abroad, this paper will establish an ideal-type to explore the way people perceive their attachment to the land. This ideal-type of land attachment is constructed by two axes, which are Erich Fromm’s “to be” and “to have,” in conjunction with the “individual-community” metaphoric contrast. To be and to have being two essential forms of human bonding, the “individual-community” contrast refers to the civilizing process, and the tension of human bond with an “object.” Accordingly, land is represented as inspiring nostalgia, as a public sphere, as capital for speculation, and as communal property; these are the four ideal-types of attachment. This paper concludes that the form of land attachment has become more and more diversified since the end of martial law in Quemoy, and the study of the configuration of land attachment will provide an insight into the development of its translocal community.
《大學》中提到：「有德斯有人，有人斯有土，有土斯有財」。土地在華人社會中扮演著重要的角色，更是宗族中的經濟生養與社群凝聚的關鍵。在後冷戰的時期裡，土地價值在全球或多或少都出現了價格飆漲的現象，金門也不例外，甚至由於鄰近中國而更加激烈。有鑑於此，土地的商品化是否會衝擊跨域華人的社群凝聚，也就成為一個重要的課題。藉由金門的個案，本文首先指出追求土地的最高商品價格，並不是人們處理土地時的唯一邏輯，土地在商品化之外，還有其它的產權形式；其次，為能系統地理解土地之產權形式，本文透過了Erich Fromm所提出來之「存有—佔有」的對比，來掌握人與物之間的情感關係，並藉由Karl Polanyi所提到的雙重運動，發展出一組能夠表現現代經濟之緊張的二元架構，即「市場經濟—道德經濟」的隱喻。如此一來，也就能夠發展出四種「土地之情感依附的理念型」，即鄉愁、族產、剬共空間，與商品，據此說明現代人面對土地之情感依附的模式；再者，本文進一步指出，由於金門社會濃厚的宗族色彩，相對傳統的土地觀念卻在戰地政務解除之後，面對全球化的新自由主義及中國的經濟崛起，而呈現了「高強度的混雜現代性」，這不僅使得金門社會對於土地的情感更加複雜，也直接地影響了跨域的金門社群之認同的建構。本文指出，誠然土地會因為市場經濟的運作，而在商品化過程中消解了跨域金門社群內部的連帶，但土地仍可能組合了其它形式的理念型，像是剬共空間、鄉愁，及族產，而生成跨域金門人社群的凝聚，並從中建構社群身份的認同。 (This article is in English.)
Function Words of Arabic Origin in Hausa
Authors: Zając Patryk 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse Hausa function words of Arabic origin which act as grammatical elements within sentence structure. The twenty-one items identified in Hausa dictionaries as Arabic loans have been presented with reference to their grammatical status (nouns, particles, phrases) and function (co- and subordinators, prepositions). The descriptive features of the Arabic forms and their Hausa counterparts have been taken from reference grammars and verified contextually in regard to their functioning in sentences extracted from texts published on the BBC web-site. As a result, the function words of Arabic origin in Hausa were divided into groups according to their grammatic or pragmatic/stylistic functions. The analysis shows that the Hausa function words are result of contextual adaptation of the Arabic words to the Hausa grammar rather than simply lexical borrowings.
Manqabad: A Crucial Satellite of Ancient Asyut. A Preliminary Outline Through the Archaeological Data
Authors: Pirelli Rosanna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Italian-Egyptian project at the Monastery of Abba Nefer at Manqabad started in 2011. The first three campaigns, carried out between 2011 and 2013, were actually brief surveys, strongly affected by the political instability of the country. During these surveys, the mission identified most of the structures already brought to light and recorded by previous investigations. Finally, during the campaign of autumn 2014, it was possible to work longer and to start the topographical survey and the investigation of the numerous structures still extant on the site.
During the same season, the study of the previously discovered findings was also started. By analysing the two inventories kept in El-Ashmunein and Asyut (Shutb), it was possible to determine the number and nature of all the finds and their conservation status.
Comparing the archaeological observations on the site and the studies of these last years on the finds (especially ceramics, and architectural elements) and on some written sources, this paper presents a synthesis of the results achieved so far, with a new focus on the pre-Christian phases.
These results lead us to rethink and partially reformulate the articulation of the project and to broaden its final objectives.
Il ḏikr nella ṭarīqa Burhāniyya secondo l’insegnamento di Muḥammad ‘Uṯmān ‘Abduhu al-Burhānī
Authors: Leccese Francesco Alfonso 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The ḏikr, the remembrance of God, is a Sufi ritual that is common to many Sufi orders and is performed by each of them in accordance to precise rules. While the rules may differ in its practice, the final aim is the same: coming near God through the repetition of His beautiful names.
My paper is focused on the method introduced by šayḫ Muḥammad ‘Uṯmān ‘Abduhu al-Burhānī, a Sudanese Sufi master who lived and spread his teachings during the 20th century.
Collective ḏikr is also an important element of the procedure of ḥaḍra, a traditional sufi ceremony which is performed regularly by the disciples of Burhāniyya once a week, as well as on important occasions, such as the mawlid in commemoration of the birth of the Prophet and of Sufi saints. Today the participation in this ritual has a crucial meaning for the Burhāniyya adherents, as it represents the affirmation of their Sufi identity within contemporary Muslim world.
Painted Inscriptions and Graffiti in the Jewish Catacombs of Venosa: An Annotated Inventory
Authors: Lacerenza Giancarlo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Since the official discovery of the Jewish catacombs of Venosa, Italy, in 1853, about 80 epitaphs and graffiti written in Hebrew, Greek and Latin have been found. These epitaphs constitute a unique source of information on the lives, family relationships and social status of the Jews living in late ancient Venusia. Although almost all of these inscriptions have long been accessible in published form, many doubts nonetheless persist as to their exact locations in the catacombs, and whether or not they remain in situ today. This article presents the results of a general survey undertaken in the catacombs in recent years, showing what has been lost and what actually remains.
Economic Populism and Producerism: European Right-Wing Populist Parties in a Transatlantic Perspective
Authors: Ivaldi Gilles , Mazzoleni Oscar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article aims to develop a conceptual framework to address the economic dimension of right-wing populism. Moving beyond classic left-right economics and the divide between economic and cultural approaches, it argues that the political economy of right-wing populists is intertwined with cultural values in the construction of the ‘true’ people as an economic community whose well-being is in decline and under threat, and therefore needs to be restored. Looking at populist traditions across Europe and the United States, the paper emphasizes the significance of ‘producerist’ frames in economic populism. This is illustrated through an empirical analysis of differences and similarities in the economic policies and discourses of three established right-wing populist parties based in Europe (FN, SVP and UKIP), and the Tea Party and Donald Trump in the United States. We find that economic populist frames are common to all of the parties under scrutiny, albeit subject, however, to different interpretations of the producerist antagonism and groups. Our findings confirm that the intersection between economic populism and producerism provides a new—and fruitful—perspective on right-wing populism, while simultaneously demonstrating the relevance of a transatlantic approach to the study of the populist phenomenon.