bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon balance in case of short-term green manure of a fallow in the conditions of the Baikal forest-steppe
Authors: Sokolova L G , Yu Zorina S , Pomortsev A V , Dorofeev N V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Changes in carbon balance during short-term green manure of a fallow in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region are studied on the basis of the results of three-year field experiments. It was revealed that the introduction of green mass of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. Oleifera Metzg) into gray forest soil at the end of the summer period significantly activates the processes of mineralization. The total CO2 emission from the soil surface in the variants with green manure increases by 1.3–1.6 times as compared with pure fallow. Compensation of gaseous carbon losses due to newly introduced organic matter is possible only at high yields of oilseed radish (3-5 tons of dry matter per ha) and hydrothermal conditions unfavourable for its mineralization. Under favourable conditions for the mineralization of fresh organic matter, a negative carbon balance is formed, but its value remains less deficient than in the variants of pure fallow. The data obtained allow us to recommend this technique of agriculture to reduce the share of net sources of carbon dioxide in the carbon balance.
Transformation of soil and land resources of the Middle Siberia in the conditions of climatic changes
Authors: Shpedt A A , Ligaeva N A , Emelyanov D V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper describes the fields of transformation of soil and land resources of the Middle Siberia as the result of long-term climatic changes. The description of soil and land resources is given. The climatic changes have been evaluated for the period from 1919 to 2018, and increase of the annual mean air temperature and amount of precipitation in natural zones of the region has been established on the basis of the analysis of linear trends. Under the impact of these factors, shifting of zone borders occurs, which leads to replacement of the soil cover structure at the species, generic and subtype levels. Changing regimes and soil properties cause the necessity to use new sorts and adapted technologies for crop growing.
Comparison of drinking water quality in terms of relative concentrations and carcinogenic risks of trihalomethanes
Authors: Malkova M A , Vozhdaeva M Y , Kantor E A , Melnitskii I A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An assessment of the drinking water quality according to the content of trihalomethanes on the surface and infiltration water intakes of the city of Ufa using threshold and non-threshold methods was carried out. The threshold method was estimated by calculating the summation coefficient. The non-threshold method was based on the calculation of the individual and total carcinogenic risks of the trihalomethanes components: trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane. The summation coefficient, calculated on the content of trihalomethanes, for surface and infiltration water intakes was respectively 0.56 and 0.15. A greater contribution to the summation coefficient is made by trichloromethane. On the surface water intake, the values of carcinogenic risks are within 1.1·10−6 – 6.3·10−6, on the infiltration water intake risks are within 9.1·10−7 - 2.8·10−6, which does not exceed the maximum permissible values. A large proportion of the carcinogenic risk for the two types of water intake accounts for bromodichloromethane. The calculations show the need for measures in order to reduce the total content of trihalomethanes, primarily bromine-containing ones.
Using of the methods of landscape research in determining allowable recreational pressure
Authors: Astashin A E , Astashina N I , Vasilieva E A , Ilicheva E V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The development of tourism, as one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy, entails an increase in the recreational pressure on the visited territories. The research of modern landscapes shows that their use for recreational purposes can lead not only to significant negative changes in individual components, but also to fundamental disturbances and degradation of landscapes in general. In this connection, the systematic monitoring of the recreational pressure, the search for its optimal values, which do not entail the degradation of the landscape, is of particular relevance. Research of the recreational capacity of landscapes was started as far back as the twentieth century. Over the past decades, the standards of recreational pressure for the most common types of landscapes have been defined. Based on the developed methods of assessing the degree of recreational landscape digression, measures to improve the landscape have been proposed. It has been established that the increase in the economic effect from the development of tourism and recreation is possible on the basis of landscape and recreational analysis, which takes into account the individual characteristics of the territory when determining the permissible recreational pressure. The article briefly describes the main groups of landscape research methods used in determining the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape. The most important parameter on which the researchers rely when they calculate the permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is the density of the recreational pressure. During research of the density of recreational pressure, some traditional methods of researching landscapes are applicable, for example, conducting reconnaissance routes. The analysis of approaches to the definition of permissible recreational pressure on the landscape is spent, a brief algorithm for conducting landscape research at the local level is given, and the example of creating the appropriate landscape maps is given. The article presents the results of landscape researches, conducted on the territory of the Vorotynsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The analysis shows that sustainable development of tourism and recreation can be based on the results of extensive research, including the establishment of landscape features of the territory and the determination of optimal types of recreational activities and the degree of its intensity for each natural-territorial complex.
Oxygen activity as a function of the composition of mixed fertilizers
Authors: Podshivalova A K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The influence of the component composition of mixed mineral fertilizers and soils on the oxygen activity in the composition of mixed nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing mineral fertilizers was studied. The study was performed by the method of physicochemical modeling based on the “Selector” software package. The following system totals were calculated: the isobaric-isothermal potential of the system, the chemical potentials of the respective independent components, the number of components of the solution, the amount of emitted gases, the pH of the solution, the redox potential of the system. A significant positive effect of limestone and hydrated lime on the chemical activity of oxygen has been revealed. It is shown that clay soils, from the standpoint of chemical thermodynamics, are favorable in terms of increasing the oxygen activity when using nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing fertilizers.
Low carbon global economy: scenarios of sustainable development, power consumption and greenhouse gas emission control
Authors: Maiorova T V , Belik I S , Ponomareva O S , Kolyada L G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to problems of a gradual transfer to renewable energy sources and decarbonization of power systems. It presents the analysis of the structure and the trend in global power consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and target values of decreased emissions by the largest greenhouse gas emitters. A trend in renewable energy sources in total global power consumption is analyzed. The authors study a potential for carbon capture and storage as an instrument of CO2 emission neutralization in power and industrial processes. The paper contains indicators to evaluate efficiency of power resource utilization and greenhouse gas emission control.
Modernization of systems of air clearing in treatment facilities
Authors: Evsina E M , Alikova T V , Zolotareva N V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
New options are proposed for the modernization of existing air purification systems using know-how in the wastewater treatment plants themselves and in the area of their location. For air purification, it is proposed to use a new highly effective sorbent material, which is a claydite, covered with a thin layer of pyrolusite (manganese dioxide). This sorbent, which is in a wet state, oxidizes organic and inorganic toxicants on its surface, and also destroys pathogens. The proposed sorbent material is a natural formation obtained from the available raw materials approved for use for which additional permits are not required. Currently on the market there are no direct analogues of this product. Especially it is necessary to note a low cost of a new highly efficient sorbent material. In modern conditions, as a result of the increasing exploitation of water resources, the problems of human impact on the environment become particularly acute. These impacts, as a rule, are accompanied by factors that adversely affect the ecological state of the environment, both in the area of operation of the treatment facilities and in places far from them.
The recultivation of the soils, contaminated with petrol and diesel fuel, with the help of earthworms Dendrobena veneta and the complex of microorganisms
Authors: Chachina S B , Voronkova N A , Shadrin M A , Evdokimov N S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article investigates bioremediation efficiency of the soil contaminated with petroleum (20 to 60 g/kg) and diesel fuel (20 to 40 g/kg) with the help of earthworms Dendrobena veneta in the presence of bacteria Paenibacillus pabuli, Azotobacter vinelandii, Lactobacillus casei, Clostridium limosum, Cronobacter sakazakii, Rhodotorulla mucilaginosa, Cryptococcus albidus, eria, yeasts Saccharomyces, fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium, as well as Actinomycetales, all being components of biopreparation Baykal-EM. It was demonstrated that in oil-contaminated soil, the content of hydrocarbons decreased by 95 % after 22 weeks in the presence of worms and bacteria. The microbiological preparation introduction increased the earthworms’ survivability in oil-contaminated substrate. Microbiological preparation introduction improved the earthworms’ survival in contaminated substrate. The microbiological preparation introduction, therefore, allowed to use Dendrobena veneta for soil recultivation with higher oil concentrations that was impossible in the past. In petroleum-contaminated soil the content of hydrocarbons decreased by 97% after 5 months. The presence of the diesel fuel in the amount of 40 g per 1 kg soil had an acute toxic effect and caused the death of 90 % earthworm species in 14 days. Bacteria introduction enhanced the toxic effect of the diesel fuel and resulted in the death of 100 % earthworms after 7 days.
The problems of recreational territories of Pre-Olkhon area and Olkhon island
Authors: Ponomarenko E A , Kolomina T M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper contains the studies of the basic processes of degradation of geosystems on two key plots, exactly, Pre-Olkhon area and Olkhon island under conditions of recreational impact. As a result of observing this territory the assessment of terrestrial vertebrate diversity has been determined, the rate of degradation processes has been established and statistical dependence between parameters of geosystems and intensity of degradation has been found. Basing on the conducted researches it was revealed that the recreational territory of Pre-Olkhon area and Olkhon island has a high degree of degradation (IV-Vth stages of digression). The most difficult situation takes place on the coast of the Small Sea and on the island of Olkhon. The safe level of recreational load in this area without special arrangement of the territory should not exceed 1 person/ha.
Effects of structural materials’ chemical composition as considered in mathematical modeling built objects combustion processes
Authors: Vyachkina E A , Vyachkin E S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents a symbolic (mathematical) model of combustion process alongside with its software implementation. The authors focus on effects of chemical composition of construction and finishing (decoration) materials involved in the process. The model was programmed before validation for adequacy and thus presents something more than description of chemical and physical moieties of combustion process.
Rational nature management of urban flora in urban floristry
Authors: Dogadina M A , Botuz N I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recently rational nature management of the urban flora in the sphere of the influence of anthropogenic factor on the life state of plants has become one of the urgent problems of the environmental protection. The urban flora used in urban floristry should include the adapted species resistant to abiotic and biotic stress-factors, as well as to damage by entomological and phytopathological agents. The assessment of flowering shrubs-introducents and native species in the urban environment of the city of Orel allowed us to rank the plantings of general and limited use andplantings for special purpose accordingto their life state for the tolerance to stress factors. The promising species for the urban floristry are: Berberis thunbergii, Chaenomeles japonica, Lonicera caprifolium, Physocarpus opulifolius, Philadelphia coronaries, Sorbaria Sorbifolia, Syringa velutina and Weigela florida.
Research of processes of lead ion sorption on bentonite clay and pectin
Authors: Mostalygina L V , Elizarova S N , Kostin A V , Mostalygin A G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The kinetics of lead ion sorption on the pectin, excreted from vegetable objects, bentonite clay and complex sorbing agent, received on their basis, is studied. It is shown that the speed of sorption is maximum in the initial 10 minutes. The equilibration time ranges from 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the concentration of metal ions and the composition of sorbing agent. The processing of experimental sorption isotherm is made it is stated that Langmuir model suits best for the description of sorption processes.
The study of polyurethane adhesive composition in aggressive environments
Authors: Nugaeva V O , Rodionov Yu V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As a result of the research, the effectiveness of the use of the proposed fast-curing adhesive composition based on cold-curing polyurethanes during car repairs was confirmed. Prerequisites have been created for creating a new generation of universal polyurethane adhesive compositions for restoring vehicles with improved adhesion, physical engineering and performance properties that are highly resistant to aggressive environments and are made from materials of domestic production. The feasibility of the work is due to the presence in the market of expensive analogs of foreign production for the restoration of car parts, and therefore the task is to develop import-substituting compositions.
Hydrodynamic cavitation unit for improving the performance of irrigation water during plant growing
Authors: Baranova M P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The computational and experimental work was carried out using the SolidWorks system. The main structural parameters of a hydrodynamic cavitation unit, designed to prepare irrigation water in the process of watering plants and pre-soaking seed before seeding, are determined. The unit has been manufactured and tested. It was established experimentally that the opening angle of the impeller wedge should be 40 and 800, and a sufficient rotor speed – 10.000 rpm. A more effective form of a hydraulic brake for this cavitation unit was determined, which made it possible to obtain irrigation water with a pH of from 7.2 to 8.5 on average, and an oxygen content of 4.6 to 6.5 mg / l. It is shown that cavitation allows the use of water for irrigation, even from polluted natural sources, since the process of purification of polluted wastewater proceeds in parallel.
Probability analysis of water quality by turbidity
Authors: Yalaletdinova A V , Beloliptsev I I , Galimova Y O , Yu Vozhdaeva M , Kantor E A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The distribution of turbidity values in given sample is analyzed. The results demonstrated that the nature of the distribution of turbidity values during the year largely depends on the seasonal factor, hence the analysis of the distribution of turbidity is performed separately for each month. Order statistic (variation series) is computed and an empirical distribution function of turbidity values is derived. It is concluded, that the distribution of turbidity in given water sample differs from normal, log-normal and gamma distributions. However, it can be described with sufficient accuracy by a cubic polynomial function. The turbidity distribution hypothesis is tested by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The water turbidity distribution function predicts the probability of exceeding the specified values of turbidity and enables numerical assessment of its likelihood.
Expert study of emission monitoring equipment for Russian thermal power plants
Authors: Tynchenko Ya A , Kovalev I V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The equipment for production and environmental monitoring, which is operated at many thermal power plants of the Russian Federation at the lower level of systems for continuous monitoring of emissions, is considered. At this level, measurements are carried out on the basis of agreed and certified methods, the collection and conversion of primary information to a standard type, routine maintenance and monitoring of the functioning of measuring systems and auxiliary equipment. The choice of specific gas analytical systems is associated with certain difficulties, since they all have their own advantages and disadvantages, and for the optimal choice of equipment it is necessary to take into account many different factors and parameters. The expert analysis carried out can complement the results of a preliminary survey by personnel of pulverized coal-fired power plants or by a specialized organization that designs systems for continuous monitoring of emissions of such stations, used in the development of the reference terms.
Ecological state of honey plants in apiaries of the Tyumen region
Authors: Pashayan S A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the problems of the ecological state of honey plants of the Tyumen region. It is shown that the local conditions are very prominent for locating the apiary and its branches in the most advantageous place. As a result of the research, it was found that the flowers of the yellow clover, meadow clover and coltsfoot exhibit low cumulative properties to pollutants. Studies have shown that honey plants in the spring and summer flowering periods show different cumulative properties of pollutants. The regularity of the content of heavy metals, radionuclides and pesticides in honey plants of beekeeping areas has been established.
Environmental condition of saline compact soils of the Central Pre-Caucasian region and its sanitation
Authors: Belovolova A A , Yu Lobankova O , Gromova N V , Yu Ozheredorova A , Korostylev S A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The main factors determining the change of the ecological situation in the zone of salinized compact chernozems distribution are the hydrological state, waterlogging, water erosion and the use of chemical crop products. In order to prevent further progress in the degradation of these lands, a number of activities are required. The most important task is to ensure the expanded reproduction of soil fertility. Its solution suggests the systematic application of fertilizers. A great advantage on saline soils should be given to organic fertilizers in order to maintain stocks of humus. The value of humus in their composition increases even more due to the fact that it reduces the possible negative impact on plants of some components of the mineral part of the soil, improves its water-physical properties. Humus limits the leaching of nitrogen caused by uncontrolled mineralization, increases the filtering and buffering effect of the soil and groundwater. In the intensive farming system, a deficit-free humus balance can be observed by combining the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, the use of higher doses of them leads to pollution of the soil, plants and the environment. Therefore, the use of fertilizers should be carried out taking into account the biological needs of plants and specific soil conditions. On saline soils, due to a significant reduction in plant growth parameters and the biomass formed by them, the removal of nutrients in the composition of the primary and secondary crop significantly decreases. In addition, they are characterized by relatively high osmotic potential, which may further increase due to the application of higher doses of fertilizers. Therefore, in these conditions, moderate and small doses of mineral fertilizers are effective, and they meet the needs of plants and the interests of the soil ecology.
Poultry waste recycling - highly efficient business
Authors: Zazykina L A , Roiter L M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the issue of increasing the income of poultry farms when using waste recycling. Based on the analysis of the poultry products market and waste structure, it was concluded that waste recycling is extremely important from the point of view of environmental factors. As a result of the marketing research, possible loss of profits of the poultry farms were revealed when not using recycling. A review of existing methods of calculating the financial efficiency of recycling is given, and a calculation toolkit confirming the economic feasibility of using recycling when taking into account new indicators proposed by the authors is given.