bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRUSTAL MAGNETIC ANOMALIES AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE IN THE YUNNAN REGION
Authors: Li‐Min WEN , Guo‐Fa KANG , Chun‐Hua BAI , Guo‐Ming GAO , An‐Ran ZHENG , Bai‐Lin AN 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBased on the geomagnetic field model (NGDC‐720) established by the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, the spatial variations of crustal magnetic anomalies in the Yunnan region were studied, including the distribution of magnetic anomalies and their gradients, attenuation of magnetic anomalies with altitude, and the contributions of components with different wavelengths to overall magnetic anomalies. The magnetic anomalies were compared with other geophysical data such as gravity anomalies, terrestrial heat flow, and seismic activities to reveal similarities and differences, and the relationship between crustal magnetic anomalies and geological structure was studied. The research results show that the magnetic anomalies are relatively weak in the Sanjiang (Three Rivers) and western Yunnan orogenic belts to the west of the Lijiang‐Xiaojinhe and Red River fault zones, and relatively strong in the rhombic block. The crustal magnetic anomalies in the study region were mainly generated by the shallow magnetic bodies superposed on the background of weak magnetism basement. The satellite magnetic anomalies show that the middle Yunnan depression area has clear dipole field characteristics. The positive and negative magnetic anomaly zones distributed along the Red River fault zone have consistent strikes with that of the faults. The Lijiang‐Xiaojinhe fault, the Red River fault, the Kangding‐Yiliang‐Shuicheng fault and the Mile‐Shizong‐Shuicheng fault zones surrounding the rhombic block are transition belts between strong and weak magnetic anomalies. The places with active seismicity and the areas with high terrestrial heat flow values have negative or relatively weak crustal magnetic anomalies.
Silver‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Carbon Dioxide, Amines and α‐Diazoesters
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Yan Donghao , Xiong Wenfang , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of carbon dioxide, amines and α‐diazoesters has been developed for the first time. The novel reaction provides an efficient and practical methodology for the synthesis of a wide range of new α‐carbamoyloxy esters, which are difficult to prepare by existing methods. The advantages of the method include the use of readily available starting materials, simple catalytic system, good atom economy and high functional group tolerance.
Caveat Usor: Assessing Differences between Major Chemistry Databases
Authors: Southan Christopher 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe three databases of PubChem, ChemSpider, and UniChem capture the majority of open chemical structure records with February 2018 totals of 95, 63, and 154 million, respectively. Collectively, they constitute a massively enabling resource for cheminformatics, chemical biology, and drug discovery. As meta‐portals, they subsume and link out to the major proportion of public bioactivity data extracted from the literature and screening center assay results. Therefore, they not only present three different entry points, but the many subsumed independent resources present a fourth entry point in the form of standalone databases. Because this creates a complex picture it is important for users to have at least some appreciation of differential content to enable utility judgments for the tasks at hand. This turns out to be challenging. By comparing the three resources in detail, this review assesses their differences, some of which are not obvious. This includes the fact that coverage is significantly different between the 587, 282, and 38 contributing sources, respectively. This not only presents the “who‐has‐what” question, but also the reason “why” any particular inclusion is considered valuable is rarely made explicit. Also confusing is that sources nominally in common (i.e., having the same submitter name) can have significantly different structure counts, not only in each of the three but also from their standalone instantiations. Assessing a series of examples indicates that differences in loading dates and structural standardization are the main causes of this inter‐portal discordance.
Detection of ROS1‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer on cytological specimens using immunocytochemistry
Authors: Vlajnic Tatjana , Savic Spasenija , Barascud Audrey , Baschiera Betty , Bihl Michel , Grilli Bruno , Herzog Michelle , Rebetez Julien , Bubendorf Lukas 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDRearrangements of the ROS1 oncogene are found in 1% to 2% of non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and are regarded as mutually exclusive oncogenic driver mutations. Since the approval of targeted therapy for ROS1‐positive NSCLC, ROS1 testing has become a part of the diagnostic routine. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), optionally selected for by immunohistochemistry on histological material, is a common practice for the detection of ROS1 rearrangements. However, NSCLC often is diagnosed by cytology alone, requiring predictive marker testing on cytological specimens. In the current study, the authors explored the accuracy of ROS1 immunocytochemistry (ICC) on non‐cell block cytological specimens for the detection of ROS1 rearrangements.METHODSICC using the D4D6 antibody on an automated immunostainer was performed prospectively in the routine diagnostic setting on cytological specimens from 295 patients with NSCLC, including adenocarcinoma (241 patients), NSCLC not otherwise specified (50 patients), and other malignancies (4 patients). Any immunostaining was considered positive.RESULTSICC was positive in all 13 ROS1‐rearranged NSCLC cases confirmed by FISH (12 cases) or next‐generation sequencing (1 case). Confirmation of 282 ICC‐negative cases was available for 208 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for ROS1 ICC compared with the final ROS1 status all were 100%.CONCLUSIONSROS1 ICC is an accurate method for the detection of ROS1 rearrangements in NSCLC. Given the high costs and technical challenges of FISH and the rarity of ROS1 rearrangements, ICC is rapid and therefore well suited as a screening method. Cases with equivocal or positive findings on ICC can be confirmed by FISH or molecular tests. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:421‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Open ASEP in the Weakly Asymmetric Regime
Authors: Corwin Ivan , Shen Hao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe consider ASEP on a bounded interval and on a half‐line with sources and sinks. On the full line, Bertini and Giacomin in 1997 proved convergence under weakly asymmetric scaling of the height function to the solution of the KPZ equation. We prove here that under similar weakly asymmetric scaling of the sources and sinks as well, the bounded interval ASEP height function converges to the KPZ equation on the unit interval with Neumann boundary conditions on both sides (different parameter for each side), and likewise for the half‐line ASEP to KPZ on a half‐line. This result can be interpreted as showing that the KPZ equation arises at the triple critical point (maximal current / high density / low density) of the open ASEP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Digital photography provides a fast, reliable, and noninvasive method to estimate anthocyanin pigment concentration in reproductive and vegetative plant tissues
Authors: del Valle José C. , Gallardo‐López Antonio , Buide Mª Luisa , Whittall Justen B. , Narbona Eduardo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnthocyanin pigments have become a model trait for evolutionary ecology as they often provide adaptive benefits for plants. Anthocyanins have been traditionally quantified biochemically or more recently using spectral reflectance. However, both methods require destructive sampling and can be labor intensive and challenging with small samples. Recent advances in digital photography and image processing make it the method of choice for measuring color in the wild. Here, we use digital images as a quick, noninvasive method to estimate relative anthocyanin concentrations in species exhibiting color variation. Using a consumer‐level digital camera and a free image processing toolbox, we extractedRGBvalues from digital images to generate color indices. We tested petals, stems, pedicels, and calyces of six species, which contain different types of anthocyanin pigments and exhibit different pigmentation patterns. Color indices were assessed by their correlation to biochemically determined anthocyanin concentrations. For comparison, we also calculated color indices from spectral reflectance and tested the correlation with anthocyanin concentration. Indices perform differently depending on the nature of the color variation. For both digital images and spectral reflectance, the most accurate estimates of anthocyanin concentration emerge from anthocyanin content‐chroma ratio, anthocyanin content‐chroma basic, and strength of green indices. Color indices derived from both digital images and spectral reflectance strongly correlate with biochemically determined anthocyanin concentration; however, the estimates from digital images performed better than spectral reflectance in terms ofr2and normalized root‐mean‐square error. This was particularly noticeable in a species with striped petals, but in the case of striped calyces, both methods showed a comparable relationship with anthocyanin concentration. Using digital images brings new opportunities to accurately quantify the anthocyanin concentrations in both floral and vegetative tissues. This method is efficient, completely noninvasive, applicable to both uniform and patterned color, and works with samples of any size.
Determining threatened species distributions in the face of limited data: Spatial conservation prioritization for the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)
Authors: Chen Shu , Cunningham Andrew A. , Wei Gang , Yang Jian , Liang Zhiqiang , Wang Jie , Wu Minyao , Yan Fang , Xiao Hanbin , Harrison Xavier A. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Turvey Samuel T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether limited occurrence data for highly threatened species can provide useful spatial information to inform conservation. The study was conducted across central and southern China. We developed a habitat suitability model for the Critically Endangered Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) based on one biotic and three abiotic parameters from single‐site locality records, which represent the only relevant environmental data available for this species. We then validated model quality by testing whether increased percentage of predicted suitable habitat at the county level correlated with independent data on giant salamander presence. We randomly selected 48 counties containing historical records which were distinct from, and independent of, the single‐site records used to develop the model, and 47 additional counties containing >50% predicted suitable habitat. We interviewed 2,812 respondents near potential giant salamander habitat across these counties and tested for differences in respondent giant salamander reports between counties selected using each method. Our model predicts that suitable giant salamander habitat is found widely across central and southern China, with counties containing ≥50% predicted suitable habitat distributed in 13 provinces. Counties with historical records contain significantly more predicted suitable habitat than counties without historical records. There are no statistical differences in any patterns of respondent giant salamander reports in surveyed counties selected from our model compared with the areas of known historical giant salamander distribution. A Chinese giant salamander habitat suitability model with strong predictive power can be derived from the restricted range of environmental variables associated with limited available presence‐only occurrence records, constituting a cost‐effective strategy to guide spatial allocation of conservation planning. Few reported sightings were recent, however, with most being over 20 years old, so that identification of areas of suitable habitat does not necessarily indicate continued survival of the species at these locations.
Direct Electricity Generation from Dissolved Cellulosic Biomass in an Alkaline Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu X. H. , Dong F. , Liu P. , Li Z. , Tong Y. D. , Feng M. N. , Hao M. Q. , Wang Y. , Zhang P. P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCellulose, which accounts for more than half of the carbon content in plants, has become a popular feedstock for biofuel production. In this work, direct electricity generation from dissolved cellulosic biomass in an alkaline fuel cell is explored without energy‐intensive process. The effect of different cellulose dissolution solvents on the electricity production is investigated. Results show dissolution treatment can remarkably affect the fuel cell performance. When NaOH/urea/thiourea is chosen as a solvent, the specific capacity of cellulose is about sixfold higher than that using only NaOH as solvent. The limiting current density and the maximum power density reach 0.85 mA cm−2 and 0.07 mW cm−2, respectively. This power density surpasses those of any existing biotic or abiotic designs. Electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the remarkable activity improvement towards the cellulose oxidation reaction in NaOH/urea/thiourea aqueous solution is due to the lower charger transfer resistance and higher energy transfer efficiency.
Synthesis of Benzazolyl Pyrimidines Under Ultrasonication and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Kayathi Narendra Babu , Sowmya Donthamsetty V. , Adivireddy Padmaja , Venkatapuram Padmavathi 
Published: February 2018

(1) The benzoxazolyl/benzothiazolyl/benzimidazolyl pyrimidines were prepared under ultrasonication in the presence of pyridine/dimethylaminopyridine and triethylamine. (2) Better yields were recorded in 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine and Et3N. (3) The presence of electron withdrawing chloro, bromo, and nitro substituents enhanced antimicrobial activity (13c, 13e, 14e: minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25 μg/well against Bacillus subtilis; 13e, 14e: minimum inhibitory concentration = 6.25 μg/well against Aspergillus niger).
Aortic valve stenosis and aortic diameters determine the extent of increased wall shear stress in bicuspid aortic valve disease
Authors: Farag Emile S. , van Ooij Pim , Planken R. Nils , Dukker Kayleigh C.P. , de Heer Frederiek , Bouma Berto J. , Robbers‐Visser Danielle , Groenink Maarten , Nederveen Aart J. , de Mol Bas A.J.M. , Kluin Jolanda , Boekholdt S. Matthijs 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundUse of 4‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D‐flow MRI) derived wall shear stress (WSS) heat maps enables identification of regions in the ascending aorta with increased WSS. These regions are subject to dysregulation of the extracellular matrix and elastic fiber degeneration, which is associated with aortic dilatation and dissection.PurposeTo evaluate the effect of the presence of aortic valve stenosis and the aortic diameter on the peak WSS and surface area of increased WSS in the ascending aorta.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsIn all, 48 bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients (38.1 ± 12.4 years) and 25 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals.Field Strength/SequenceTime‐resolved 3D phase contrast MRI with three‐directional velocity encoding at 3.0T.AssessmentPeak systolic velocity, WSS, and aortic diameters were assessed in the ascending aorta and 3D heat maps were used to identify regions with elevated WSS.Statistical TestsComparisons between groups were performed by t‐tests. Correlations were investigated by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.ResultsElevated WSS was present in 15 ± 11% (range; 1–35%) of the surface area of the ascending aorta of BAV patients with aortic valve stenosis (AS) (n = 10) and in 6 ± 8% (range; 0–31%) of the ascending aorta of BAV patients without AS (P = 0.005). The mid‐ascending aortic diameter negatively correlated with the peak ascending aortic WSS (R = –0.413, P = 0.004) and the surface area of elevated WSS (R = –0.419, P = 0.003). Multivariate linear regression analysis yielded that the height of peak WSS and the amount of elevated WSS depended individually on the presence of aortic valve stenosis and the diameter of the ascending aorta.Data ConclusionThe extent of increased WSS in the ascending aorta of BAV patients depends on the presence of aortic valve stenosis and aortic dilatation and is most pronounced in the presence of AS and a nondilated ascending aorta.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:522–530.
Use of microelectrode near‐field signals to determine catheter contact
Authors: Levy Mathew R. , Merchant Faisal M. , Langberg Jonathan J. , Delurgio David B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of standard distal bipolar electrograms (sEGMs) for assessing catheter‐tissue contact may be obscured by the presence of far‐field signals. Microelectrode electrograms (mEGMs) may overcome this limitation.MethodsWe compared 5 mEGM characteristics (amplitude, frequency content, temporal signal variability, presence of injury current, and amplitude differential between bipoles) with the sEGM for determining tissue contact in 20 patients undergoing ablation of typical atrial flutter. Visualization of catheter‐tissue contact by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) served as the gold standard for assessing contact. Correlation between electrograms and ICE‐verified contact level was reported as percent concordance.ResultsThree of 5 mEGM characteristics demonstrated significantly better concordance with ICE‐verified contact level than the sEGM (52% concordance with ICE): mEGM frequency content (59% concordance with ICE, P < .001 for comparison with sEGM); mEGM amplitude (concordance 59%, P < .001); and mEGM presence of injury current (56% concordance, P = .001). Concordance of amplitude differential between mEGM bipoles with ICE (49%) was not significantly different than the sEGM (P = .638) whereas mEGM temporal variability (39%) was significantly worse than the sEGM. Using a median of all 5 mEGM characteristics provided additive information (concordance with ICE 64%) and was significantly better than all of the individual mEGM characteristics except frequency content (P = .976).ConclusionMicroelectrode EGMs (in particular frequency content, amplitude, and presence of injury current) can improve real‐time assessment of catheter contact compared to the use of standard bipolar EGMs. Broader use of mEGMs may enhance ablation efficacy.
Effective and safe lead extraction using the bidirectional rotational Evolution® sheath in a child with congenital heart disease
Authors: Migliore Federico , Cipriani Alberto , Ferretto Sonia , Hadas Dan , Iliceto Sabino , Leoni Loira 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe reported a challenging transvenous lead extraction procedure for lead failure in a child with congenital heart disease. Our report demonstrates that the new hand‐powered bidirectional rotational Evolution RL (Cook Medical, USA) mechanical extraction sheath is an effective and safe tool for the extraction of chronically implanted leads in children.
Electrocardiographic changes and exposure to solvents
Authors: Assadi Seyedeh Negar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundOccupational exposures can cause cardiovascular disorders. Some exposures may be harmful, and exposures to chemicals such as metal welding fumes, gases, and pesticides, and stress related to physical and occupational hazard, which results in cardiovascular disorders such as arrhythmia, could be prevented. The objective of this study was to determine the electrocardiographic changes in occupational exposure to organic solvents.MethodsIt was a historical cohort study and was carried out on workers of industries. The study was carried out with flexible interview, physical examination, checklist for obtaining clinical history, and electrophysiology test. Group 1 included the workers in the production line of solvent and paint, group 2 included administrative personnel, and group 3 included workers from other industries who did not have solvent exposure. A number of participants in group 1, group 2, and group 3 were 500, 498, and 501, respectively. Electrocardiographic changes were recorded in health issues.ResultsThe frequency of arrhythmia, P wave, and QRS complex changes were highest in group 1. The risk of arrhythmia was 1.15 (1.08‐1.49), P wave change was 1.02 (1.01‐2.28) which was significant and considered as highest risk,, and QRS complex change was highest in group 1, whose relative risk was 1.53 (1.46‐1.61). ST segment and T wave changes (depression or elevation) were highest in group 1 and had no significant differences (P < .05).ConclusionWorking in solvent industry is a risk of developing arrhythmia. Exposure to chemical especially solvent agents mostly affects the cardiovascular system and is effective on electrocardiography, which must be prevented.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator in nonischemic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khan Safi U. , Ghimire Subash , Talluri Swapna , Rahman Hammad , Khan Muhammad U. , Nasir Fahad , Kaluski Edo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe evidence to support implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in subjects with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is not robust. This meta‐analysis intends to assess the impact of routine ICD implantation for primary prevention of mortality due to SCD in NICM based on all the published randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Six RCTs were selected using PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to December 2016. Outcomes were calculated as random‐effects relative risk (RR) and risk difference (RD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Patients were randomized to ICD arm and control arm (usual care, medical treatment, and anti‐arrhythmic drugs). ICD significantly reduced all‐cause mortality in NICM patients (RR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.56‐0.97, P = .03, I2 = 40). Mortality benefit was achieved due to a significant reduction in sudden cardiac death (SCD) (RR, 0.47, 95% CI, 0.30‐0.73, P < .001, I2 = 0). There were no statistical differences between two groups with regard to risk of noncardiac mortality, non‐SCD, cardiac arrest, cardiac transplant, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT), and VT requiring medical treatment. Our results support efficacy of ICDs at reducing all‐cause mortality due to a reduction in SCD.
Acute electrical and hemodynamic effects of endocardial biventricular pacing using the WiSE CRT system and conventional epicardial biventricular pacing
Authors: Leo Milena , Webster David , Betts Tim R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWireless left ventricular endocardial pacing with the WiSE CRT system has recently become available as alternative to conventional epicardial CRT pacing. We report the first comparison of the acute electrical and hemodynamic response produced by the two CRT pacing modalities in a patient undergoing WiSE CRT implant after a failed conventional CRT procedure. WiSE CRT pacing showed an additive acute benefit compared with conventional CRT. These findings could potentially translate into long‐term clinical benefit and introduce the potential for tri‐ventricular pacing using both systems simultaneously.