bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Dexamethasone for Nausea and Vomiting Prophylaxis in Children Receiving Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Paw Cho Sing Edric , Schechter Tal , Ali Muhammad , Sung Lillian , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Many children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) experience chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) despite receiving prophylaxis. Guideline-consistent CINV prophylaxis includes dexamethasone, but uncertainty with regard to safety potentially limits the use of dexamethasone in children. We describe immediate adverse events (AEs) attributable to dexamethasone given for CINV prophylaxis to children during HSCT conditioning.

Materials and Methods:
Children enrolled in a previous prospective study were retrospectively analyzed. Objective parameters related to specific AEs occurring within 5 days of dexamethasone administration were abstracted from health records and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (CTCAE v4.03). Their association to dexamethasone was assessed using the Liverpool Causality Assessment Tool.

Results:
Forty-six children (median age, 10.2 y) were eligible for analysis. The most frequent AEs attributable to dexamethasone (Liverpool Causality Assessment Tool category of probable or definite) were hyperglycemia (63%; CTCAE v4.03 grade 3: 2%), hypertension (52%; CTCAE v4.03 grade 3: 15%), and bradycardia (46%; CTCAE v4.03 grade 3: 0%). Other AEs included dyspepsia or gastroesophageal reflux disease (24%) and alterations in mood and behavior (9%). No AE exceeded CTCAE v4.03 grade 3 in severity.

Conclusions:
In children undergoing HSCT who received dexamethasone for CINV prophylaxis, immediate AEs attributable to dexamethasone were most often of minor clinical importance and transient.
Skin to Skin Contact
Authors: Billner-Garcia Renee , Spilker Arlene , Goyal Deepika 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this project was to assess temperature stability in newborns undergoing early intraoperative skin-to-skin contact (SSC) after elective cesarean birth.

Method:
This feasibility study examined electronic medical record data of 91 mother–baby dyads who participated in early intraoperative SSC after an elective cesarean birth. Infant axillary temperatures were obtained just before initiation and upon completion of intraoperative SSC.

Results:
The mean age of women in this sample was 35 (SD, 4.2) years. They were an average of 39 4/7 weeks gestation, and largely Caucasian 55% (n = 50) and Asian 30 (33%). Fifty-eight percent (n = 53) of infants were male, weighing an average of 3,566 g (SD, 401.83). Nineteen (21%) of infants demonstrated no temperature change pre to post SSC, with an increase noted in 32 (35%) infants, and a decrease in 40 (44%).

Clinical Implications:
Findings provide support for continued intraoperative SSC. Areas for improvement were also identified, for example, missing medical record data.
Underserved Pregnant and Postpartum Women's Access and Use of Their Health Records
Authors: Guo Yuqing , Hildebrand Janet , Rousseau Julie , Brown Brandon , Pimentel Pamela , Olshansky Ellen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine knowledge of and experiences with use of their electronic health record (EHR) among mostly Hispanic women during pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods:
Women who were in the MOMS Orange County prenatal or postpartum home visitation program completed surveys and participated in focus groups. Descriptive and content analyses were used.

Results:
Twenty-six women participated. Nearly all women (24, 92.3%) knew what health records were and most (80.8%) felt that keeping their records would increase or greatly increase their confidence in caring for themselves and their families. Approximately one third reported already keeping a copy of their health records. Common barriers to accessing and understanding health records included healthcare providers' noncompliance with the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, limited EHR adoption, unfriendly patient portals, complicated medical terminology, rushed appointments with healthcare providers, lack of Spanish interpreters, and lack of Spanish-speaking healthcare providers.

Clinical Implications:
Programs are needed to educate and support women and providers in using health records to promote health literacy, pregnancy management, and patient–provider relationships in underserved populations.
The Anatomy behind Adverse Events in Hand Volumizing Procedures: Retrospective Evaluations of 11 Years of Experience
Authors: Frank Konstantin , Koban Konstantin , Targosinski Stefan , Erlbacher Katharina , Schenck Thilo L. , Casabona Gabriela , Braz Andre V. , Pavicic Tatjana , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

Background:
To retrospectively evaluate the rate of adverse events after hand volumizing procedures using a calcium hydroxylapatite product and to investigate the relationship between injector used (i.e., needle versus cannula) and technique applied (i.e., bolus, tenting, proximal-to-distal fanning, distal-to-proximal single line).

Methods:
Two hundred twenty individuals, including 214 women (97.3 percent) aged 52.3 ± 11.4 years, treated bilaterally for hand rejuvenation were investigated between the years 2006 and 2017. Cadaveric dissections (n = 12), fluoroscopic (n = 4), ultrasound (n = 22), and computed tomographic (n = 4) imaging were also performed to guide conclusions.

Results:
Thirty-two of 440 hands (7.3 percent) developed adverse events within the first 15 days, with swelling in 11 (5 percent), pain in four (1.8 percent), erythema in three (1.4 percent), and discoloration in one (0.5 percent). Using a needle (versus a cannula) was significantly related to the occurrence of adverse events (OR, 7.57; 95 percent CI, 3.76 to 15.24; p < 0.001). The proximal-to-distal fanning technique with access to the dorsal superficial lamina was identified as a safer application technique, with each of the other techniques having a significantly increased odds ratio for adverse events: bolus technique (OR, 26.9; 95 percent CI, 6.87 to 105.2; p < 0.001), tenting technique (OR, 24.73; 95 percent CI, 7.48 to 81.76; p < 0.001), and single-line technique (OR, 26.68; 95 percent CI, 7.45 to 95.48; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The results of this study support the use of cannula versus needle and the proximal-to-distal fanning technique. The underlying anatomy supports the positioning of the material into the subdermal space, which can be identified less than 1 mm deep to the skin surface, and is termed the dorsal superficial lamina.
Evaluating Platelet-Rich Therapy for Facial Aesthetics and Alopecia: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Motosko Catherine C. , Khouri Kimberly S. , Poudrier Grace , Sinno Sammy , Hazen Alexes 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Despite the growing popularity of platelet-rich plasma, existing evidence supporting its efficacy remains controversial due to the lack of large-scale studies and standardized protocols for preparation and application. This article reviews its use in facial rejuvenation, fat grafting, acne scarring, and androgenic alopecia. Emphasis is placed on comparing methods of platelet-rich plasma preparation and application across studies.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed for articles published between 2006 and 2015. All clinical studies and case reports that addressed platelet-rich plasma alone and/or in combination with fat grafting for facial rejuvenation, acne scarring, or androgenic alopecia were included.

Results:
Of the 22 articles included in the analysis, seven studies used platelet-rich plasma alone for facial rejuvenation, seven in combination with fat grafting, two for treatment of acne scarring, and six for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Individual study procedures, means of evaluation, and significant results are summarized. Although the majority of studies in this review report positive results, significant variation exists in preparation protocols and in the number and frequency of clinical treatments.

Conclusions:
The majority of studies report positive results for all indications evaluated in this review, but the procedure is limited by the lack of a standardized method for preparation and application of platelet-rich plasma. The extent to which significant variability in platelet-rich plasma preparation and/or application methods may affect clinical outcomes is not completely clear. In the interim, we present a consolidation of platelet-rich plasma treatment techniques and outcomes currently in use to help guide physicians in their clinical practice.
Mechanical versus Hand-Sewn Venous Anastomoses in Free Flap Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhu Zaiou , Wang Xiang , Huang Jia , Li Jialiang , Ding Xu , Wu Heming , Yuan Ye , Song Xiaomeng , Wu Yunong 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Venous complications are the primary reason for flap loss in massive defect reconstructions; therefore, the quality and reliability of microvascular anastomoses are significant. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate venous anastomotic time, the venous complication rate, and the flap failure rate with the mechanical anastomotic coupling device versus the hand-sewn technique in venous anastomoses of microvascular free flap operations.

Methods:
Chinese and English databases were searched for eligible articles published between their inception and July of 2017. The pooled relative risk was calculated for dichotomous variables, and the weighted mean difference was calculated for continuous data. Whether to use the fixed effects or random effects model depended on the heterogeneity evaluation among the studies.

Results:
Twelve studies were selected, including 3788 flaps (mechanical anastomotic coupling device, n = 1667; hand-sewn, n = 2121). Using the mechanical anastomotic coupling device significantly decreased venous anastomotic time (weighted mean difference, −13.50; 95 percent CI, −17.09 to −9.91; p < 0.01) and the incidence of venous complications (relative risk, 0.40; 95 percent CI, 0.25 to 0.65; p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in terms of flap failure between the groups (relative risk, 0.56; 95 percent CI, 0.32 to 0.97; p = 0.04); thus, flap survival improved with the assistance of the mechanical anastomotic coupling device. No publication bias was detected in those analyses.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis suggests that the mechanical anastomotic coupling device contributes to reduced operative time, decreased probability of surgical reexploration, and mitigation of flap loss.
Photoacoustic Tomography Shows the Branching Pattern of Anterolateral Thigh Perforators In Vivo
Authors: Tsuge Itaru , Saito Susumu , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Aya , Matsumoto Yoshiaki , Toi Masakazu , Suzuki Shigehiko 
Published: April 2018

Summary:
The distal branching pattern of perforators is associated with thin anterolateral thigh flap failure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using photoacoustic tomography as a diagnostic imaging modality to identify anterolateral thigh perforators and their branching patterns in the subcutaneous layer. Ten thighs in five healthy men were studied. The anterolateral aspect of the midthigh was examined using photoacoustic tomography. The correlation between photoacoustic tomography and ultrasound findings was evaluated. To determine the detectability of photoacoustic tomography by depth, the depth of vessels in the stem portion was compared to the depth of the deep fascia measured by ultrasound. Branching patterns of vessels in the adipose and suprafascial layers were evaluated by three-dimensional observation. A total of 18 perforators were visualized by photoacoustic tomography. Photoacoustic tomography and ultrasound had comparable diagnostic potential for the detection of perforators. Photoacoustic tomography visualized microvessels in the subcutaneous layer, especially those in oblique or horizontal orientations. The estimated mean depth of visualized vessels was 9 mm; the maximum depth was 13 mm. There was a strong correlation between the depth of visualized vessels in the stem portion and the depth of the deep fascia. Three-dimensional observation of photoacoustic tomographic images showed the branching morphology of perforators. This study showed the applicability of photoacoustic tomography to identification of the branching patterns of anterolateral thigh perforators in vivo, although limited visualization of subfascial vessels is a technical issue. The authors believe that photoacoustic tomography has the potential to be a new imaging modality for thin anterolateral thigh flap surgery.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.
The Evolving Presence of Women in Academic Plastic Surgery: A Study of the Past 40 Years
Authors: Plana Natalie M. , Khouri Kimberly S. , Motosko Catherine C. , Stern Marleigh J. , Anzai Lavinia , Poudrier Grace , Massie Jonathan P. , Diaz-Siso J. Rodrigo , Flores Roberto L. , Hazen Alexes 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Among surgical subspecialties, plastic surgery holds the highest percentage of women, and, the female contingent of board-certified plastic surgeons and trainees has grown steadily. However, their academic impact has been underestimated. We present the academic footprint of female plastic surgeons over the past 40 years.

Methods:
A list of female plastic surgeons currently active at, and retired from, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited plastic surgery residency programs was compiled. Each surgeon was searched on PubMed to gather their total number of publications, journals, and topics of research after completion of training. Date of publication and 5-year impact factor for each journal were recorded. Publications were organized into 10-year periods (1976 to 1985, 1986 to 1995, 1996 to 2005, and 2006 to 2016).

Results:
One hundred fifty-five currently active and 80 retired academic female plastic surgeons were identified, who published 2982 articles in 479 peer-reviewed journals. The average 5-year impact factor was 4.093. The number of publications increased with each decade: 37 (1976 to 1985), 218 (1986 to 1995), 472 (1996 to 2005), and 2255 (2006 to 2016). The most commonly published areas were hand/nerve (22 percent), craniofacial (21 percent), and breast (20 percent). Over time, publications in hand/nerve research decreased (76, 60, 38, and 14 percent, respectively); craniofacial-related publications increased (8, 11, 18, and 23 percent, respectively); and publications in breast research increased (0, 8, 9, and 24 percent, respectively). The 2006 to 2016 period yielded the most even distribution of research topics.

Conclusion:
The academic contribution of female plastic surgeons has substantially increased in number and has become more evenly distributed across subspecialty topics.
Refinements in Upper Blepharoplasty: The Five-Step Technique
Authors: Rohrich Rod J. , Villanueva Nathaniel L. , Afrooz Paul N. 
Published: April 2018

Summary:
Periorbital tissues are a keystone in facial beauty and a representation of youth. The aesthetically pleasing and youthful upper eyelids are full, with a defined tarsal upper lid crease and with smooth, taut pretarsal and preseptal skin. The upper blepharoplasty is a critical component of any facial rejuvenation procedure. This five-step procedure provides key steps in the correction of upper lid age-related changes and provides a reliable and reproducible method of achieving excellent results. Furthermore, the addition of fractionated fat restores volume and youthfulness of the upper lid, and also improves the skin quality of the upper lid.
FusoPortal: An interactive repository of hybrid MinION-sequenced Fusobacterium genomes improves gene identification and characterization
Authors: Sanders Blake E. , Umana Ariana , Lemkul Justin A. , Slade Daniel J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere we present FusoPortal, an interactive repository of Fusobacterium genomes that were sequenced using a hybrid MinION long-read sequencing pipeline, followed by assembly and annotation using a diverse portfolio of predominantly open-source software. Significant efforts were made to provide genomic and bioinformatic data as downloadable files, including raw sequencing reads, genome maps, gene annotations, protein functional analysis and classifications, and a custom BLAST server for FusoPortal genomes. FusoPortal has been initiated with eight complete genomes, of which seven were previously only drafts that varied from 24-67 contigs. We showcase that genomes in FusoPortal provide accurate open reading frame annotations, and have corrected a number of large genes (>3 kb) that were previously misannotated due to contig boundaries. In summary, FusoPortal (http://fusoportal.org) is the first database of MinION sequenced and completely assembled Fusobacterium genomes, and this central Fusobacterium genomic and bioinformatic resource will aid the scientific community in developing a deeper understanding of how this human pathogen contributes to an array of diseases including periodontitis and colorectal cancer.ImportanceIn this study, we report a hybrid MinION whole genome sequencing pipeline, and describe the genomic characteristics of the first eight strains deposited in the FusoPortal database. This collection of highly accurate and complete genomes drastically improves upon previous multi-contig assemblies by correcting and newly identifying a significant number of open reading frames. We believe this resource will result in the discovery of proteins and molecular mechanisms used by an oral pathogen, with the potential to further our understanding of how F. nucleatum contributes to a repertoire of diseases including periodontitis, pre-term birth, and colorectal cancer
Investigating the relationship between phoneme categorization and reading ability
Authors: O’Brien Gabrielle E. , McCloy Daniel R. , Kubota Emily C. , Yeatman Jason D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDyslexia is associated with abnormal performance on many auditory psychophysics tasks, particularly those involving the categorization of speech sounds. However, it is debated whether those apparent auditory deficits arise from (a) reduced sensitivity to particular acoustic cues, (b) the difficulty of experimental tasks, or (c) unmodeled lapses of attention. Here we investigate the relationship between phoneme categorization and reading ability, with special attention to the nature of the cue encoding the phoneme contrast (static versus dynamic), differences in task paradigm difficulty, and methodological details of psychometric model fitting. We find a robust relationship between reading ability and categorization performance, show that task difficulty cannot fully explain that relationship, and provide evidence that the deficit is not restricted to dynamic cue contrasts, contrary to prior reports. Finally, we demonstrate that improved modeling of behavioral responses suggests that the gap between dyslexics and typical readers may be smaller than previously reported.
Discrimination Exposure and DNA Methylation of Stress-Related Genes in Latina Mothers
Authors: Santos Hudson P , Nephew Benjamin C , Bhattacharya Arjun , Tan Xianming , Smith Laura , Alyamani Reema , Martin Elizabeth M , Perreira Krista , Fry Rebecca C , Murgatroyd Christopher 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLatina mothers, who have the highest fertility rate among all ethnic groups in the US, are often exposed to discrimination. The biological impacts of this discrimination are unknown. This study is the first to explore the relationship between discrimination and DNA methylation of stress regulatory genes in Latinas. Our sample was Latina women (n = 147) with a mean age of 27.6 years who were assessed at 24-32 weeks’ gestation (T1) and 4-6 weeks postpartum (T2) and reside in the U.S. Blood was collected at T1, and the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) was administered at T1 and T2. DNA Methylation at candidate gene regions was determined by bisulphite pyrosequencing. Associations between EDS and DNA methylation were assessed via zero-inflated Poisson models, adjusting for covariates and multiple-test comparisons. Discrimination was negatively associated with methylation at CpG sites within the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes that were consistent over time. In addition, discrimination was negatively associated with methylation of a CpG in the glucocorticoid binding protein (FKBP5) at T1 but not at T2. This study underscores the complex biological pathways between discrimination and epigenetic modification in Latina women that warrant further investigation to better understand the genetic and psychopathological impact of discrimination on Latino mothers and their families.
Oxytocin enhancement of emotional empathy: generalization across cultures and effects on amygdala activity
Authors: Geng YaYuan , Zhao Weihua , Zhou Feng , Ma Xiaole , Yao Shuxia , Hurlemann Rene , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that the neuropeptide oxytocin can enhance empathy although it is unclear which specific behavioral and neural aspects are influenced, and whether the effects are modulated by culture, sex and trait autism. Based on previous findings in Caucasian men, we hypothesized that a single intranasal dose of oxytocin would specifically enhance emotional empathy via modulatory effects on the amygdala in an Asian (Chinese) population and explored the modulatory role of sex and trait autism on the effects. We first conducted a double-blind, randomized between-subject design experiment using a modified version of the multifaceted empathy task (MET) to determine whether oxytocin’s facilitation of emotional empathy can be replicated in Chinese men (n = 60). To further explore neural mechanisms behind and potential sex differences, functional MRI and skin conductance measures were acquired in an independent experiment incorporating men and women (n = 72). Oxytocin enhanced emotional empathy across experiments and sex, an effect that was accompanied by reduced amygdala activity and increased skin conductance responses. On the network level oxytocin enhanced functional coupling of the right amygdala with the insula and posterior cingulate cortex for positive valence stimuli but attenuated coupling for negative valence stimuli. The effect of oxytocin on amygdala functional connectivity with the insula was modulated by trait autism. Overall, our findings provide further support for the role of oxytocin in facilitating emotional empathy and demonstrate that effects are independent of culture and sex and involve modulatory effects on the amygdala and its interactions with other key empathy regions.