bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photography at a Standstill
Authors: Cox Geoff 
Published: November 2024

What has replaced the still photograph are dynamic and distributed image-assemblages that unsettle received notions of space-time — no longer limited to traditional representation and not necessarily even visual. When it comes to computer vision for example, the descriptor photography seems largely redundant (despite deep learning computer vision systems being trained on large datasets of photographic images), and so too the tired metaphor of the eye that once supported its theories and practices. What is at stake here, as ever, is a kind of ‘seeing’ (if we continue to call it that) that makes clear what is visible, sensible and knowable, and crucially also what is not. We might call this seeing algorithmically, or seeing like a dataset, or perhaps even seeing like an infrastructure, comprised of fake images that render fake history. The logic of this invokes the complex notion of ‘image is dialectics at a standstill’, encapsulating a constellation of possible outcomes. To what extent is the radical potential that Benjamin once foresaw in montage applicable to image-based AI given that it seems less an instrument to imagine a qualitatively different future but simply more of the same. What can be seen is not so much representational nor photographic but latent traces of material relations and infrastructures that render historical experience in compromised form.
The Geometry of Loko Kuapā Kīholo: the regional significance and cultural context of a Royal Hawaiian Fishpond.
Authors: Scheffler Timothy Erich , Lockwood John Paul 
Published: November 2024

Kīholo fishpond is located on the north-west coast of Hawai`i Island. In 1859, less than fifty years after its construction, the artificial pond was inundated by a voluminous Mauna Loa lava flow and only small remnants of the original bounding wall remain. Historical accounts of its original scale are ambiguous and incomplete. In this paper we describe newly-discovered, lava-surrounded remnants of the wall that allow an estimate the fishpond’s original size. An analysis of the fishpond is presented in order to weight its potential function within the Hawaiian food economy against its place in elite status competition. We reconstruct the original pond’s configuration using a combination of geomorphological evidence, flow surface features, archaeological analogy and inference. We then calculate the labor required to have constructed the fishpond and, with the help of historical fisheries data, provide an estimate of the potential production. This empirically grounded input – output relationship is then evaluated in terms of the political, economic and ecological variables relevant to the development of political complexity in Hawai`i. We conclude that the pond lacked an efficient short-term subsistence function. The results suggest that large royal fishponds should be considered in terms sometimes reserved for monumental architecture. We conclude that large fishponds, in contrast to complex but incrementally constructed dry land agricultural works, played significant symbolic roles in wealth-displays and in elite status competition.
Knowledge audit at National Archives of Zimbabwe: a step towards implementing knowledge management
Authors: Dewah Peterson 
Published: November 2024

Rationale of Study -The first step to implement knowledge management is preceded by an audit of the organisation’s knowledge and as such, this study sought to investigate the knowledge that National Archives of Zimbabwe (NAZ) needs, where that knowledge is, how it is being used, the problems experienced, and the improvements which can be made.
Methodology -A case study approach with a triangulation of data collection methods was employed. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentary analysis.
Findings -The study established that NAZ archivists possess vital tacit knowledge required by the organisation. However, they need to acquire knowledge on audio-visual records management, conservation of documents, and reprographics, among other areas. It also emerged that printed documents such as manuals and bookswere very useful sources of explicit knowledge for decision making. Another finding was that internal and external knowledge flow is hindered by poor communication and unwillingness of staff to share knowledge, among other barriers. The gaps established were that archivists very often were not sure about where to find relevant information or what to do. They were also unsure of whom to collaborate with.
Implications -This paper can be used as a stepping stone to initialise the implementation of knowledge management practice at the NAZ.
Originality -The paper presents the findings of a knowledge audit that was, for the first time, conducted at the National Archives of Zimbabwe, an organisation that has suffered knowledge attrition due to employee mobility.
Internet Health Resources for Diabetic Foot Search: The Content, Quality, and Readability of Information on Web Sites
Authors: Eren Mehmet Burtaç , Aytekin Feyza Yildiz 
Published: November 2024

Background: As the incidence of diabetes mellitus increases, the incidence of diabetic foot also increases. This situation, which may lead to devastating complications and progress to limb loss for patients, exposes patients and their social environments to a big crisis. Thus, patients may seek secondary opinions from online sources about information they initially obtained from health institutions. We aimed to evaluate the information content related to diabetic foot on the Internet that is probably used by patients for Internet searching.
Methods: After software optimization and reset, related queries with the keyword diabetic foot were determined on Google Trends. Selected keywords were searched in three search engines, and the results were examined. Web sites were classified into five subcategories (nongovernmental health institution, governmental institution, academic, blog, and university) and evaluated with an information content scale (ICS) based on the literature, Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria, the Flesch-Kincaid readability test, and presence of the Health On the Net Foundation Code of Conduct certificate. The search engines, keywords, and Web site subcategories were investigated with the evaluation criteria.
Results: In terms of finding Web sites eligible for assessment, the Google search engine listed more eligible Web sites than did Bing and Yahoo. Concerning the ICS, there was no significant difference between search engines for total scores (P > .05). Concerning ICS diagnosis and evaluation and ICS total score, academic Web sites scored significantly higher than other subcategories.
Conclusions: Results that can be obtained with an Internet search for diabetic foot depend on the proper keyword selection, Web site type, and search engine to help patients reach more appropriate content.
Complication Rates of Minimally Invasive Chevron Osteotomy for Correction of Hallux Abductovalgus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Chalen , Spacek Ashley E. , Elliott Andrew D. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Recent advancements in minimally invasive surgery for correction of hallux abductovalgus has increased the popularity of this technique. To date, the incidence of complications with this updated technique has not been evaluated.
Methods: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the incidence of complications of third-generation minimally invasive chevron osteotomy, with or without an Akin osteotomy, for the correction of hallux abductovalgus. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases and relevant peer-reviewed sources as outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the preparation of systematic reviews. Studies that reported hallux abductovalgus deformities corrected with minimally invasive surgery and fixated with one or two screws, provided detailed descriptions of all complications, and had mean follow-up of 12 months or more were included.
Results: Of 80 studies identified, nine (11.25%) met the inclusion criteria (N = 766 feet). Three of these studies were prospective and involved 426 feet. The weighted mean age for the entire cohort was 50.88 years (17–87 years), and the weighted mean follow-up was 27.65 months (12–66 months). The total incidence of complications was 21.28% (163 of 766 feet). Among the most reported complications were reoperation, postoperative infection, reoccurrence of hallux abductovalgus, and nerve injury.
Conclusions: This systematic review revealed that this updated minimally invasive surgery technique provides a safe and reproducible surgical option to correct hallux abductovalgus deformities, with an incidence of complications comparable with that of open correction for this forefoot deformity.
Muscular Activation Levels of Subjects with Low Medial Longitudinal Arch During Single-Leg Squat and Single-Leg Balancing Exercises on Surfaces of Different Hardness
Authors: Esmer Murat , Güzel Nevin Aysel , Yüksel Fuat , Kafa Nihan 
Published: November 2024

Background: The primary aim of this study is to examine the effect of the stiffness of rehabilitation material on muscle activation in individuals with low medial longitudinal arch. The secondary aim is to compare the effects of single-leg balancing and single-leg squat exercises on the activation of the muscles around the ankle in the same individuals.
Methods: Twelve individuals with low medial longitudinal arch and 18 healthy control participants were included. Participants were asked to perform the single-leg balance and single-leg squat exercises on Theraband stability trainers of three different stiffness levels. Activation of the peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles during exercises was evaluated by surface electromyography.
Results: The single-leg balancing exercise performed on soft and very soft ground was more effective than single-leg squat in increasing the activation of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle in participants with a low medial longitudinal arch. It was determined that performing single-leg squat exercise on a very soft surface instead of hard ground caused more muscular activation in the peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius in the same individuals.
Conclusions: The exercise progression to be applied on different surfaces to increase the activation of the muscles around the ankle in individuals with a low medial longitudinal arch and in healthy individuals without a low medial longitudinal arch was different.
Hoop Stress Elicited at Medial Tibial Crural Fascia Attachment During Passive Dorsiflexion: A Proof-of-Concept Study for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Causation
Authors: Amabile Amy H. , Hulcher Thomas A. , Figueroa-Perez Mariano , Reich Madeline R. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Identification of a specific causal mechanism for medial tibial stress syndrome has been elusive, although there is a consensus that it may be caused by traction on the tibial periosteum elicited by soft tissues. The crural fascia (CF) attaches directly to the tibia throughout the length of the leg, encircling it in a grossly cylindrical fashion, and the leg may thus be viewed as a type of fluid-filled cylinder, subject to both longitudinal and hoop stresses. Prior researchers have not considered the possibility that strain on the medial tibia could be produced by the CF during gait and passive stretching, secondary to fluid pressure increases in the fascial compartments of the leg. The purpose of the present research was to verify the existence of measurable hoop strain in the CF of a cadaver donor at the medial tibial border during a heel cord stretch.
Methods: Strain gauges were affixed to the CF of a cadaver donor to measure hoop and longitudinal strain during repeated heel cord stretches applied manually, and with measurements taken from each strain gauge separately.
Results: Passive heel cord stretches produced 182.96 × 10−3 mV/V and 138.00 × 10−3 mV/V hoop strain in the CF, in the distal third and middle third of the leg, respectively. A maximum longitudinal strain in the CF of the superficial posterior compartment of 75.00 × 10−3 mV/V was also produced.
Conclusions: A heel cord stretch applied to a cadaver donor can elicit a measurable hoop strain within the CF attachment to the medial border of the tibia, in a grossly 2-to-1 manner consistent with the ratio of hoop to longitudinal strain seen with gases and liquids in a closed cylinder. Further research is indicated to replicate these results in multiple subjects, with variation in cadaver fixative and experimental set-up.
Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus: Neurological Manifestations in Childhood: A Case Series of Two Patients
Authors: Icharmouhene R. , Guenoun A. , Oulhyan N. , Mabrouk N. , Aitoumar H. , Chkirat B. 
Published: November 2024

Neuropsychiatric lupus encompasses the neurological and psychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and presents a significant diagnostic challenge due to its broad clinical variability. Affecting between 14% and 75% of lupus patients, it can occur at any stage of the disease. We present two illustrative pediatric cases compiled in a pediatric nephrology unit:
Case 1: A young girl with pericarditis, cognitive impairment, and persistent headaches at the time of diagnosis.
Case 2: A boy with prolonged fever, whose disease evolution revealed neuropsychiatric lupus through the onset of visual disturbances, upper limb muscle weakness, and headaches.
These cases highlight the necessity for heightened clinical vigilance in children with lupus to allow for early detection of neurological complications.
Hydrological Modeling of Krishna Upper Catchment Area of India Using Multisite Calibration and Validation of SWAT Model
Authors: Rao I. Bhaskara , Rao K. V. , Nemichandrappa M. , Reddy G. V. Srinivasa , Polisgowdar B.S. , Bhanu M. Udaya 
Published: November 2024

Multisite calibration & validation of model reduces the uncertainty present in the model parameters and improve the SWAT model output. In the present study, an effort was made to set up SWAT model along with multisite calibration and validation for Kishna upper basin of India. A total of six gauging stations maintained by Central water commission across the area were selected for SWAT model calibration and validation. Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) programme of SWAT-CUP (Calibration and Uncertainty Programme) was employed to calibrate the SWAT model. During sensitivity analysis of SWAT model, parameters which are highly sensitive that influences flow characteristics of different gauging station were identified. These parameters along with parameter range were used to calibration and validation of SWAT model each of the sub basins. Observed flow and predicted stream flows were compared with certain model performance indices. These indices indicated that for all six gauging stations, the SWAT model found to be very good. The performance indices like R2, NSE, RSR and PBIAS were ranged from 0.70 to 0.84, 0.67 to 0.76, 0.49 to 0.57 and -11.7 to 24.0% respectively during model calibration period and 0.70 to 0.93, 0.67 to 0.83, 0.41 to 0.58 and 8.5 to 22.9% respectively during model validation period. A good agreement between observed and simulated flows at all the gauging stations were observed. It can be concluded that SWAT model output was improved with multisite calibration and validation of the model.
Oxidant Concentration Modulated Metal/Silicon Interface Electrical Field Mediates Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon
Authors: Wang Jiang , Hu Ya , Zhao Haichuan , Fu Haoxin , Wang Yachun , Huo Chenliang , Peng Kui‐Qing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetal‐assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) of silicon in HF aqueous solutions has attracted great interest due to its wide range of applications including photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, Li‐ion batteries, and bio/chemical sensors. However, to date, the understanding of MacEtch process is rather limited. In this work, the effects of the H2O2 concentration as well as the properties of silicon on MacEtch in HF‐H2O2 aqueous solutions are investigated in detail. It is found that for low oxidant concentration, the MacEtch rate of silicon is oxidant concentration dependent and doping type dependent. While for high H2O2 concentration, the MacEtch rate increases with increasing H2O2 concentration, but exhibits no evident dependence on doping types. An oxidant concentration modulated metal/silicon interface electrical field model is proposed for MacEtch of silicon on the basis of experimental findings and semiconductor/metal contact theory. The model shows that excessive holes' accumulation at the metal/silicon interface generates a spontaneously biased voltage at metal/silicon interface and changes the interfacial electric field and thereby the interface band bending, successfully explains the characteristics of MacEtch of p‐type and n‐type silicon while naturally explains many characteristics of MacEtch of silicon such as porosification of nanowires and silicon substrates, thus provides new insights into the MacEtch of silicon.
An Efficient Family of Misfit‐Layered Calcium Cobalt Oxide Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lin Xiao , Bao Hongliang , Zheng Dehua , Zhou Jing , Xiao Guoping , Guan Chengzhi , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction's (OER) poor kinetics is a considerable obstacle to overcome in the development of water‐derived hydrogen fuel. Research into OER catalysts using earth abundant elements is required to achieve desirable catalytic efficiency. Herein, a selection of misfit‐layered calcium cobaltite and transition metal (Mn, Fe, and Cu)‐doped compounds are synthesized and investigated in order to evaluate their potential as OER catalysts in an alkaline environment. It is discovered that Ca3Co4O9 OER activity may be substantially improved through incorporation of Fe, exhibiting low overpotential (331 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 current density, small Tafel slope of 52 mV dec−1, and an exceptional long‐term stability of electrolysis in 1 m KOH alkaline solution >100 h. Moreover, all materials used are systematically studied using a variety of characterization techniques, resulting in enhanced activity, which is attributed to the enhanced electrical conductivity, and optimized proportion of Co (III) and Co (IV), as well as the synergistic effect between Fe with Co.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Intermetallic Co3Sn2 and Ni3Sn2 Thin Films
Authors: Väyrynen Katja , Hatanpää Timo , Mattinen Miika , Mizohata Kenichiro , Meinander Kristoffer , Räisänen Jyrki , Link Joosep , Stern Raivo , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntermetallics form a versatile group of materials that possess unique properties ranging from superconductivity to giant magnetoresistance. The intermetallic Co–Sn and Ni–Sn compounds are promising materials for magnetic applications as well as for anodes in lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, a method is presented for the preparation of Co3Sn2 and Ni3Sn2 thin films using diamine adducts of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) chlorides, CoCl2(TMEDA) and NiCl2(TMPDA) (TMEDA = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine, TMPDA = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine) combined with tributyltin hydride. The films are grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD), a technique that enables conformal film deposition with sub‐nanometer thickness control. The Co3Sn2 process fulfills the typical ALD qualifications, such as self‐limiting growth, excellent film uniformity, and conformal coverage of a trench structure. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows reflections characteristic to the hexagonal Co3Sn2 phase, which confirms that the films are, indeed, intermetallic instead of being mere alloys of Co and Sn. The films are extremely pure with impurity levels each below 1.0 at.%. Ni3Sn2 films similarly exhibit the expected XRD reflections for the intermetallic phase and are of high purity. The Co3Sn2 film show magnetic hysteresis with high coercivity values exceeding 500 Oe, indicating great potential in terms of applicability of the films.
Tetrasulfide‐Functionalized Mesoporous Silica on Nanowire Ring Resonators for Detection of Aqueous Lead, Pb(II)
Authors: Chen Hao , Saunders John E. , Borjian Sogol , Wu Xiaowei , Crudden Cathleen M. , Xu Dan‐Xia , Loock Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSilicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) microring resonators coated with tetrasulfide‐functionalized mesoporous silica (MPS) (S4‐MPS) are reported as sensors to detect Pb(II) ions in aqueous solutions from 10 ppb to 1 ppm. The sensors are based on the interaction of the evanescent field of the guided light with the functionalized mesoporous silica films. Upon absorption of metal ions, the resonant wavelengths of the microresonators shift due to the increased refractive index of the film. The sensors are exposed to aqueous solutions of Pb(II) ions at different concentrations and time‐resolved absorption–desorption curves are obtained. The concentrations of Pb(II) ions are determined using the Lorentz–Lorenz model. It is found that two distinct binding sites with different affinities for Pb(II) are present in the S4‐MPS silica films, corresponding to tetrasulfide groups and, likely, silanol groups. The number of available binding sites corresponds to 1/25 of the total number of S4‐groups. Equilibrium constants for absorption of Pb(II) to both binding sites are obtained from the rate constants for the absorption and desorption processes. The initial absorption rates depend linearly on the concentration of Pb(II) and are used to determine the 3σ limit of detection as 58 ppbm in deionized water and 350 ppbm in tap water.
Inducing a Nanotwinned Grain Structure within the TiO2 Nanotubes Provides Enhanced Electron Transport and DSSC Efficiencies >10%
Authors: So Seulgi , Hwang Imgon , Yoo JeongEun , Mohajernia Shiva , Mačković Mirza , Spiecker Erdmann , Cha Gihoon , Mazare Anca , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTitania is one of the key materials used in 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures as electron transport media in energy conversion devices. In the present study, it is shown that the electronic properties of TiO2 nanotubes can be drastically improved by inducing a nanotwinned grain structure in the nanotube wall. This structure can be exclusively induced for “single‐walled” nanotubes with a high‐temperature treatment in pure oxygen atmospheres. Nanotubes with a twinned grain structure within the tube wall show a strongly enhanced conductivity and photogenerated charge transport compared to classic nanotubes. This remarkable improvement is exemplified in the electronic properties by using nanotwinned TiO2 nanotubes in dye‐sensitized solar cells where a significant increase in efficiency of up to 10.2% is achieved.