bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo phosphorylation of H2AX by WSTF regulates transcription-coupled homologous recombination repair
Authors: Ji Jae-Hoon , Min Sunwoo , Chae Sunyoung , Ha Geun-Hyoung , Kim Yonghyeon , Park Yeon-Ji , Lee Chang-Woo , Cho Hyeseong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Histone H2AX undergoes a phosphorylation switch from pTyr142 (H2AX-pY142) to pSer139 (γH2AX) in the DNA damage response (DDR); however, the functional role of H2AX-pY142 remains elusive. Here, we report a new layer of regulation involving transcription-coupled H2AX-pY142 in the DDR. We found that constitutive H2AX-pY142 generated by Williams-Beuren syndrome transcription factor (WSTF) interacts with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and is associated with RNAPII-mediated active transcription in proliferating cells. Also, removal of pre-existing H2AX-pY142 by ATM-dependent EYA1/3 phosphatases disrupts this association and requires for transcriptional silencing at transcribed active damage sites. The following recovery of H2AX-pY142 via translocation of WSTF to DNA lesions facilitates transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR) in the G1 phase, whereby RAD51 loading, but not RPA32, utilizes RNAPII-dependent active RNA transcripts as donor templates. We propose that the WSTF-H2AX-RNAPII axis regulates transcription and TC-HR repair to maintain genome integrity.
The Accuracy of Anal Swab–Based Tests to Detect High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dias Gonçalves Lima Fernando , Viset Janine D , Leeflang Mariska M G , Limpens Jacqueline , Prins Jan M , de Vries Henry J C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)–induced anal cancer is increasingly problematic among HIV-positive patients. Anal cancer is preceded by precursor lesions, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). AIN detection requires high-resolution anoscopy, a cumbersome and time-consuming procedure. We aggregated evidence on anal swab–based tests to detect AIN in HIV-positive patients.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for cross-sectional studies on AIN detection with anal cytology, HR-HPV DNA detection, HPV E6/E7 mRNA analysis, and P16INK4a and Ki-67 immunostaining. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using bivariate logistic regression. Cytology was reported using the terms squamous intra-epithelial lesion (SIL) for AIN and high-grade SIL (HSIL) for high-grade AIN (HGAIN).ResultsWe included 22 studies. Using cytology with a cutoff of any SIL to detect HGAIN, we detected a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI, 74%–87%) and specificity of 45% (95% CI, 44%–66%); with the cutoff of HSIL, the sensitivity was 44% (95% CI, 45%–67%) and the specificity was 79% (95% CI, 69%-87%). The sensitivity of HPV DNA to detect HGAIN was 91% (95% CI, 82%–95%) and the specificity was 27% (95% CI, 21%–33%). For MSM, the positive predictive value (PPV) of cytology with a cutoff of any SIL was 36% (95% CI, 23%–50%) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 87% (95% CI, 78%–93%), whereas cytology with a cutoff of HSIL had a PPV of 62% (95% CI, 50%–73%) and an NPV of 78% (95% CI, 65%–87%). The PPV of HR-HPV DNA detection was 37% (95% CI, 20%–57%) and the NPV was 87% (95% CI, 79%–93%).ConclusionsGiven its sensitivity, cytology with a cutoff of any SIL could be considered as a triaging method, whereas cytology with a cutoff of HSIL had better specificity and could be used for quality assurance. HR-HPV DNA detection had poor specificity and PPV, making it unsuitable for triage.
Introduction to Investment Treaty Arbitration (ITA) and Framing the Debate
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the contents of the book by framing the context of international investment more broadly, contextualizing investment-related conflict management, identifying the issues related to cost, and exploring how cognitive psychology and data-driven analysis can offer a frame for considering the relative value of normative reform. After the initial framing, Chapter 1 provides an overview of international investment, with a historic context and a matrix for understanding the current dispute resolution options to set the stage for consideration of alternatives. It then describes ITA’s doctrinal foundation to explore the debate about the costs and benefits of ITA. The final section addresses the need to appreciate the relative value of policy options to make grounded, evidence-based normative choices for investment treaty dispute resolution.
Claims and Outcomes in ITA
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
ITA is no longer a theoretical risk but a practical reality. Data offers a key debiasing tool to prevent cognitive illusions from skewing debates about the reality of realized risk. Chapter 5 uses direct, objective measures to assess outcomes that, in combination with costs, permits parties to undertake evidence-based cost-benefit assessment of an ITA’s net value. It initially explores ultimate outcomes by identifying whether tribunals awarded any damages or an equivalent remedy (i.e., an investor win), whether there was no damage award (i.e., a state win), or whether parties settled or otherwise discontinued the case. To nuance so as to understand outcomes on a phase-by-phase basis, it explores tribunals’ determinations for dispositive elements involving jurisdiction, merits, and damages. It then explores ultimate outcomes through two other alternative lenses, namely actual amounts awarded, which includes amounts from settlements, and investors’ relative success as compared to amounts claimed.
Costs—Risks and Reality
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses ITA costs by initially exploring normative reasons for taking costs seriously and reviewing the doctrine underpinning cost assessments, including the pay-your-own-way, loser-pays, and factor-based approaches. It then tests conventional wisdom about costs by offering basic descriptive information, including when tribunals addressed costs, core fiscal exposure from parties’ legal costs (PLC) and tribunal costs, and whether fiscal costs changed over time, and offering alternative baselines to understand ITA costs. It then tests the conventional wisdom about tribunals’ “traditional” approach on cost-shifting noting, while the “pay-your-own-way” remained dominant, winning investors were reliably more likely to benefit from the “loser-pays” approach compared to winning states. The chapter then explores percentages and dollar amounts shifted by tribunals and changes in proportions shifted over time. While many cost elements were relatively stable, only when comparing the oldest cases with the most recent cases was it revealed that the amount of PLC shifted had meaningfully increased.
The Evolution of Cost Rationalization—Explaining Cost Assessments
Authors: Franck Susan D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Earlier research identified that, although tribunals rarely cited legal authority and provided only minimal rationalization of their decisions, like the factor-dependent model, tribunals’ approaches varied. To facilitate an evidence-based dialogue about whether those findings persisted, Chapter 7 explores tribunals’ rationalization of cost decisions. It first assesses how many awards contained any rationalization for costs and identifies material gaps between non-final and final awards. Second, it conducts content analysis of tribunals’ costs rationalizations. Third, it explores whether tribunals’ ability to explain their cost decisions changed over time. While there was some evidence that tribunals improved in their cost rationalization, material gaps remained. Tribunals tended to focus upon parties’ relative success, perceived equity and reasonableness, and tribunal discretion, with part conduct during proceedings being of secondary consideration. Meanwhile, concerns involving public justice norms were rarely, if ever, used.
Long Cheng Air
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 details Hmong experiences in combat aviation in the Secret War. It examines the dangerous flying conditions they faced in northern Laos, where, in addition to enemy antiaircraft artillery, freak accidents claimed the lives of some pilots. Poor quality aircraft, a hazardous runway, problematic leadership at all levels, and varied skills resulted in low chances for survival for Hmong pilots. Because of their close proximity to enemy territories, pilots on active duty from 1968 to 1972 were forced to participate in combat missions daily. The chapter also presents the many problems that unfolded in the CIA’s secret city, Long Cheng. Whereas American airmen came and went on tours of duty, Hmong pilots flew until they were either killed in action or injured. Either outcome harmed their families. Injured pilots were no longer considered useful, resulting in military leaders cutting them off financially and socially.
Grief and Remembrance
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In chapter 6, family and friends of the Hmong pilots who flew missions for the CIA during the Secret War in Laos remember those killed in action or deceased. Given the limited knowledge that people have about the men involved in this air operation, loved ones and colleagues reflect about what their sacrifices meant then and now. They recall how they found out about the deaths of their loved ones who were shot down or died in aviation accidents. The emotional recollections of family members are presented throughout the chapter. The narratives of grief and remembrance reveal ongoing suffering decades later, even as these friends and surviving family members have established successful lives in the United States.
Reassessing War
Authors: Vang Chia Youyee 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9 presents interviewees’ reflections as they reassess the war and its impact. The interviewees explore the unintended consequences of the Hmong’s entanglement with the CIA during the US war in Southeast Asia. They measure the losses and upheavals of the war against an appreciation of the subsequent opportunities that came with resettlement in the United States. They revisit betrayals and resentments and express gratitude and pride. Their recollections consist of contradictory viewpoints and perspectives as they struggle to make sense of the war and its enduring legacy. Additionally, the chapter addresses their competing memories and varied truths as narrators.
God and Cognitive Science
Authors: Goldman Alvin I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Putative evidence or arguments for God’s existence have been debated for millennia. In recent years some practitioners of cognitive science have applied evidence garnered from their research to support their favored view in the theism/atheism debate. The first part of this chapter examines and rejects several attempts to use cognitive scientific findings in support of theism, including a perception-based approach offered by Baker and Zimmerman (chap. 5, this volume). The present chapter then proceeds in the opposite direction, by illustrating how cognitive scientific evidence can be used in conjunction with Bayesian reasoning to lead a rational and open-minded metaphysician to lower his or her prior credence in God’s existence, even by a substantial amount.
Voices of Guinness
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
At the Guinness brewery established at Park Royal in West London in the mid-1930s, workers enjoyed a well-paid job for life, one where they could enjoy free meals in silver-service canteens and restaurants. During their breaks, they could explore acres of parkland planted with hundreds of trees and thousands of shrubs. After work, they could play over thirty sports or join one of the theater groups or dozens of other clubs. On retirement, they received a company pension from a scheme to which they had never contributed a penny. They worked in buildings designed by an internationally renowned architect whose task was to create a building that would last “a century or two.” Voices of Guinness tells the story of the brewery from its planning to its 2005 closure, showing how the history of one plant reveals a much wider picture of changing attitudes to work and organizations in contemporary society. Voices of Guinness draws on extensive oral history interviews with staff and management as well as archive and photographic sources to explore the experience and meaning of work, the ultimate loss of employment, and deindustrialization for Guinness workers. It will be crucial reading for anyone interested in work history, contemporary organizations, and industrial loss.
Creating Industrial Citizens
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at the way Guinness management developed its workforce in the postwar period from 1945 to 1975. This was the era of the long boom, in which millions of UK workers enjoyed rising living standards and material conditions. The chapter examines how Guinness management developed “Guinness Citizenship” and how this vision related to contemporary ideas about a wider industrial citizenship. The chapter provides a detailed reading of the company magazine, Guinness Time, especially its photo essays focusing on aspects of labor in the plant. This is contextualized in a wider discussion of industrial photography.
The Ruined Garden
Authors: Strangleman Tim 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
After the brewery at Park Royal closed, the old buildings were demolished and the real estate on which they stood was sold. This chapter looks at the attempts to fight the destruction of the buildings by the heritage lobby and the response from the company. Guinness workers share what they thought of the attempts to preserve the brewery buildings and their feelings over the ultimate demolition. The chapter looks at the wider debate about industrial preservation, heritage, and the role of urban explorers who photograph abandoned former workplaces. The chapter shows how images of destruction help to reveal attitudes to the built environment, work, and industrial loss. It considers the ideas of smokestack nostalgia and industrial romanticization.
Historic Churches on the High Road to Taos
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Penitentes’ Good Friday devotions at San Antonio in Córdova are described, particularly the tinieblas (tenebrae) ritual. The Truchas section treats the conservation of altar screens painted by Pedro Antonio Fresquís. The history of the settlement of Las Trampas is then detailed, including discussion of fortified plazas and fortress churches, and followed by observations regarding current maintenance of San José church. The section on San Lorenzo at Picurís Pueblo describes feast-day events and then surveys the history of the five San Lorenzo churches constructed at the pueblo, including attitudes toward the current church. Several other adobe churches on this route are also discussed, and the chapter concludes with an analysis of the sculptural form and sensory qualities of San Francisco de Asís in Ranchos de Taos. Visiting information is integrated throughout the chapter.
St. Joseph Mission Church, Laguna Pueblo
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The chapter opens with a detailed presentation of the church and altar, as described by Laguna informants. Also discussed in this context are the dipping of St. Joseph images in the San José River to bring rain, and Laguna’s request for a Franciscan mission around 1700. The experience of visiting the midnight mass and native dances on Christmas Eve is then described, with supporting observations from historical sources, and is followed by similar, detailed exposition of the annual September 19 feast-day events. Canes of power and the loss of one of these at Laguna are also discussed. The bulk of the chapter treats parallel religions—the simultaneity but (usually) separateness of native religion and Catholicism at Laguna. The chapter concludes with presentation of the factionalism and emigration that resulted when Laguna was divided by competition between Catholics and Presbyterians. A visiting guide is included.
Conflict at Kewa and Isleta Pueblos
Authors: Graziano Frank 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter opens with detailed analysis of deculturation policy during the Spanish, Mexican, and American governance of New Mexico and the Pueblos. In the more recent history it includes discussion of the Code of Indian Offenses, the General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), the Carlisle Indian School, the Canton Asylum for Insane Indians (Hiawatha Asylum), and the evolving policies of the Archdiocese of Santa Fe. These introductory remarks are followed by analyses of a 1935–1940 conflict at Santo Domingo (Kewa) Pueblo, when Archbishop Rudolph Gerken attempted to change traditional practice of Catholicism and to house a resident priest and sisters at Santo Domingo; and of a conflict at Isleta Pueblo that culminated when Monsignor Frederick Stadtmueller was removed in handcuffs by the pueblo governor in 1965. The Native American ministry of the archdiocese and native resistance to dogma are also considered more generally. Visiting information for Kewa and Isleta is included.
The Roots of Certainty
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9 completes Part II on causes with a look at the origins of certain perceptions, which resist correction and curtail deliberation. Though a scientific approach insists that knowledge is only provisional and we must be open to new information, Americans hold a remarkable (and rising) amount of certainty regarding political facts. The chapter suggests that absolute or sacred values lead to absolutist facts. Survey data from 2013 to 2017 illustrate that extreme value positions are strongly predictive of factual certainty, while extremes of partisan identity are not, reinforcing the book’s core argument about the comparative importance of value projection.
The Democratic Consequences of Dueling Facts
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chapter 10 introduces the Consequences section of the book, providing an overview of the democratic consequences of dueling fact perceptions. The clear consequences include greater public ignorance, more entrenched policy gridlock, and the failure of deliberation. Some more controversial consequences include rising perceptions of mental illness, higher barriers to scandal, and divided perceptions of specific events. The authors examine empirical evidence from the 2013 national survey that suggests that perceptions of the Trayvon Martin incident are strongly connected to value priorities. The chapter concludes by introducing the focus in Part III—the social consequences of how citizens perceive and react to others who hold conflicting perceptions of reality.
Symmetry, Asymmetry, and Durability
Authors: Marietta Morgan , Barker David C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Some writers have argued that the dueling facts phenomenon is driven disproportionately by the ideological Right: conservatives and Republicans, so the argument goes, are more likely to engage in motivated reasoning and wind up misinformed. An expanse of scholarship documents the rigidity of the Right, which suggests that conservatives tend to be disproportionately (1) ideological, (2) suspicious of moderation, (3) uninterested in compromise, (4) prone toward authoritarianism, (5) cognitively inflexible, (6) lacking in empathy, (7) socially and informationally insular, and (8) hostile toward outgroups. Chapter 15 evaluates whether one side of “the duel” is more heavily armed than the other. It finds that liberal Democrats are no less likely than conservative Republicans to perceive reality through political lenses. What is more, the Left is actually more likely than the Right to express factual certainty when none is warranted and to reveal contempt for those who perceive the world differently from how they do.
Introduction
Authors: Otis Laura 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Who benefits, and who loses, when emotions are represented in particular ways? Banned Emotions analyzes the ways that biology and culture combine in metaphors for socially undesirable emotions. These emotions include self-pity, prolonged crying, chronic anger, bitterness, grudge-bearing, and spite. In recent novels and films, metaphors represent these emotions through darkness, filth, impaired motion, and foul smells. These metaphors have obvious bodily sources associated with poor health, but they also draw on a Western religious and literary tradition that associates unsavory emotions with sin. Banned Emotions challenges recent cultural mandates to “let go” and “move on,” pointing out that people who have been hurt by an economic and political system may cherish their emotions as evidence of their humanity, and that calls to suppress their emotions may silence their voices.
The Bodily and Cultural Roots of Emotion Metaphors
Authors: Otis Laura 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent theories of emotion take different stands on how greatly language can influence emotional experience. William James’s peripheral feedback theory, Paul Ekman’s basic emotions theory, Magda Arnold’s appraisal theory, and Lisa Feldman Barrett’s conceptual act theory offer distinct frameworks for understanding how physiology and culture interact in human emotions. The research of Max Black, George Lakoff, and Zoltán Kövecses indicates that emotion metaphors have bodily and cultural roots. Dante Alighieri’s Inferno and John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress illustrate the religious origin of metaphors for culturally “banned” emotions. Traces of these religious origins can be seen in the metaphors of self-help books such as Daniel Goleman’s Emotional Intelligence, Travis Bradberry’s and Jean Greaves’s Emotional Intelligence 2.0, and Spencer Johnson’s Who Moved My Cheese? A long-standing cultural tradition presumes there is a self separate from the emotions that is responsible for controlling them, but scientific studies point toward emotional regulation within a self.
Making Suffering Visible
Authors: Otis Laura 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Attempts to manifest one’s suffering visually can turn aggressive if the people who have supposedly caused one’s pain refuse to see the results. Metaphors that suggest how pain looks can convey the cutting, wounding aspects of emotional anguish. Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes from the Underground associates spite and vengefulness with darkness and dirt and shows how painful encounters can be when a hidden creature reveals himself to others. Franz Kafka’s representation of Gregor Samsa as a monstrous vermin in The Metamorphosis forces Gregor’s family to see the emotions they have aroused by exploiting him. Michael Haneke’s 2005 film Caché depicts a marginalized family determined to make a privileged man see how he has benefited from their deprivation. With a violent literal and metaphoric “cut,” the poor man ensures that the rich one will never stop witnessing the pain he has caused. Manifested visually, emotional pain can show itself through violent transformations of bodies.