bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity utilization based on contention window management in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: M Abdul Gafur , Ben Saleh Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA major challenge to the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the ability to efficiently utilize the available capacity. The exposed terminal problem (ETP) and the hidden terminal problem (HTP) are considered as major concerns in the media access control (MAC) layers of MANET. During transmission, there is an increase in energy consumption, unnecessary delay, overhead, and the number of retransmission due to the request to send (RTS) packet collision. To eliminate these problems, we have developed an algorithm called receiver collision sensing scheme in multiple access control (RCSS‐MAC) for collisions detection by the receiver. This method uses appeal for RTS (ARTS) packet to detect unsuccessful RTS packet. Here, we use only the minimal number of ARTS to reduce unnecessary retransmission, delay, and RTS collision. The performance of this method can be improved using the contention window (CW) management scheme to reset and renovate the failed system. In RCSS‐MAC, an additional field (victory rate) in MAC frame is utilized to control the CW management to reflect the network condition in and around the receiver. Simulation is carried out under the open‐source second version of the network simulator (NS2). As a result, RCSS‐MAC algorithm achieves better performance than conventional techniques in terms of delay, throughput, and energy consumption and network lifetime.
Analysis of urban rainfall from hourly to seasonal scales using high‐resolution radar observations in the Netherlands
Authors: Manola Iris , Steeneveld Gert‐Jan , Uijlenhoet Remko , Holtslag Albert A. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article an analysis of urban rainfall from hourly to seasonal scales is conducted for the Netherlands, with a focus on its capital, Amsterdam. In addition, the potential of synoptic weather types and local wind directions to categorize extreme rainfall in Amsterdam is assessed. An analysis of gauge‐adjusted daily radar rainfall retrievals with 1 km spatial resolution for 10 years shows that rainfall is enhanced over Dutch cities compared to their rural surroundings, with a maximum of a 14.2% increase over the largest cities in winter. The annual cumulative rainfall in Amsterdam appears to be significantly higher compared to its surroundings. This is due both to the higher frequency of occurrence of urban rainfall and to the higher hourly mean intensities. Extreme hourly rainfall rates appear to be affected by urban areas only in summer. Diurnal and weekly rainfall cycles do not reveal any significant urban influence. A wind direction analysis reveals that extreme rainfall events can primarily be attributed to westerly and next to southerly air masses. An analysis of the Jenkinson and Collinson (JC) and the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) weather types with rainfall and extreme rainfall events reveals that the JC weather types are more indicative of situations associated with rainfall extremes, whereas the DWD weather types are more indicative of situations resulting in higher accumulated rainfall amounts.
Understanding the inter‐decadal variability of autumn precipitation over North Central China using model simulations
Authors: Qin Minhua , Dai Aiguo , Li Dongliang , Hua Wenjian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA recent study has shown a robust relationship between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and inter‐decadal variations in autumn precipitation over North Central China (NCC). However, the physical processes underlying these inter‐decadal precipitation variations are not fully understood. Here we analyse multi‐member ensembles of atmospheric reanalysis and model simulations to examine the atmospheric and precipitation responses to sea surface temperature (SST) forcing. Despite the large inter‐member spread resulting from atmospheric internal variability, the model simulations forced by the observed SSTs show an important role of mid‐latitude atmospheric circulation in influencing the inter‐decadal precipitation variations over NCC. We also analyse the sensitivity experiments using three atmospheric models forced by the Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)/PDO‐like SST fields. The results suggest that the SST anomalies associated with a negative IPO phase can induce anomalous positive pressure anomalies over the East Asia‐Japan‐North Pacific region, which weakens the East Asian trough (EAT) and produces southerly advection of warm and moist air into NCC, leading to increased precipitation there. This study provides a depiction of how the IPO/PDO‐associated SSTs induce inter‐decadal oscillations in mid‐latitude atmospheric circulations, which in turn cause inter‐decadal precipitation variations over NCC.
Impact of Bacterial Infections on Osteogenesis: Evidence From In Vivo Studies
Authors: Croes Michiel , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Vogely H. Charles 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe clinical impact of bacterial infections on bone regeneration has been incompletely quantified and documented. As a result, controversy exists about the optimal treatment strategy to maximize healing of a contaminated defect. Animal models are extremely useful in this respect, as they can elucidate how a bacterial burden influences quantitative healing of various types of defects relative to non‐infected controls. Moreover, they may demonstrate how antibacterial treatment and/or bone grafting techniques facilitate the osteogenic response in the harsh environment of a bacterial infection. Finally, it a well‐known contradiction that osteomyelitis is characterized by uncontrolled bone remodeling and bone loss, but at the same time, it can be associated with excessive new bone apposition. Animal studies can provide a better understanding of how osteolytic and osteogenic responses are related to each other during infection. This review discusses the in vivo impact of bacterial infection on osteogenesis by addressing the following questions (i) How does osteomyelitis affect the radiographic bone appearance? (ii) What is the influence of bacterial infection on histological bone healing? (iii) How do bacterial infections affect quantitative bone healing? (iv) What is the effect of antibacterial treatment on the healing outcome during infection? (v) What is the efficacy of osteoinductive proteins in infected bones? (vi) What is the balance between the osteoclastic and osteoblastic response during bacterial infections? (vii) What is the mechanism of the observed pro‐osteogenic response as observed in osteomyelitis? © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research© published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2067–2076, 2019
Enhanced anharmonic phonon coupling and decay dominated by low‐energy phonons in CdS nanowires
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Faisal , Saeed Sara , Wu Lingling , Zhu Peng , Wang Deliang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow‐energy optical phonons with energy in the order of that of acoustic phonons are readily populated at room temperature, and therefore, they play a key role in thermal, electronic, and thermo‐electric fundamental processes in a solid material. High‐quality crystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires with a diameter of several tens of nanometer and a length up to several micrometers (3–5 μm) demonstrate strong exciton–phonon coupling. This strong coupling interaction allows us to observe low‐energy optical phonons and their anharmonic couplings to high‐energy phonon modes. In this study, second and higher order multiphonons related to the
phonon were observed in near resonance Raman scattering condition (excitation wavelength of 532 nm). The clear observation of the multiphonon modes makes it possible to study composite phonon anharmonic decay. The experimental results show that low‐energy phonons (both optical and acoustical) dominate anharmonic phonon decay in CdS.
Effect of organic acid on recovery yields and characteristics of rohu (Labeo rohita) protein isolates extracted using pH shift processing
Authors: Surasani Vijay Kumar Reddy , Raju CV , Chandra MV , Shafiq Uzair , Lakshmisha IP 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteins recovery using hydrochloric acid (HCl) in acid‐aided solubilization could cause greater loss in its functionality over alkali‐aided solubilization. Moreover, using HCl in edible foods is also a health concern. Replacing HCl with organic acids for acid‐aided solubilization could address these problems. The aim was to study the effect of organic acid (glacial acetic acid) as a replacement for HCl during pH shift processing on the characteristics and functionality of rohu (Labeo rohita) protein isolates. Rohu proteins were obtained by solubilizing at pH 3.0 and pH 11.0 using glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide (10 mol L−1).RESULTSResults showed that solubilization at pH 11.0 gave higher protein yields (766.8 ± 2.4 g kg−1) compared to solubilization at pH 3.0 (735.7 ± 7.1 g kg−1) (P < 0.05). Isolates from acid‐aided solubilization had higher whiteness and total pigment content over isolates obtained by alkali‐aided solubilization. Rohu isolates recovered by alkaline solubilization showed higher water and oil holding capacity, gel strength, folding scores, foaming and emulsion capacity than acid processed isolates (P < 0.05). Solubilization of rohu proteins using glacial acetic acid produced isolates with low breaking force (149.0 g), low storage modulus (G′) values and low folding test score (1.0) over the alkaline isolates (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONResults indicated that, recovering rohu proteins using organic acid (glacial acetic acid) could produce isolates with poor functional properties, while using the organic acid to precipitate the proteins solubilized by alkali‐aided processing could produce proteins with better yields and functionality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Winter predation patterns of wolves in Northwestern Wyoming
Authors: Woodruff Susannah P. , Jimenez Michael D. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTWolf (Canis lupus) diets and potential effects on prey have been a prominent subject of interest to wildlife researchers and managers since reintroduction into Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, in 1995 and 1996. Post‐reintroduction, wolves expanded south and recolonized areas in the southern Yellowstone ecosystem. Elk (Cervus elaphus) in this area are supplementally fed during winter (Dec–Mar) at state‐managed feedgrounds, resulting in high‐density congregations of elk. From December to March 2000–2007, we determined the winter predation patterns of wolves by examining the remains of 289 wolf kills on 3 state‐managed feedgrounds and adjacent winter range near Jackson, Wyoming. During winters 2002–2005, we also monitored the movements of radio‐collared elk on feedgrounds to describe the response of elk to the presence of wolf kills. Thirty‐seven percent (n = 106) of kills were located on elk feedgrounds where elk composition included 49% calves, 42% adult females, 5% adult males, and 5% unknown. Sixty‐three percent (n = 183) of kills were located on winter range adjacent to feedgrounds and prey species consisted of 90% elk (38% calves, 35% adult females, 24% adult males, 2% unknown), 9% moose (Alces alces; 13% calves, 69% adult females, 6% adult males, 1% unknown), 1% mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; 1 fawn, 1 adult female), and 0.5% adult female bison (Bison bison). Mean age of elk killed on feedgrounds was 4.2 years (range = 0–20) and 4.6 years (range = 0–23) on winter range. Calves were selected more than available in most years with female elk killed less than expected. Adult males were killed more than expected in 2005–2007. Eighty‐eight percent (n = 198) of the time elk remained on the feedground even when wolves made a kill. Less commonly, elk left the feedground, gathered in larger herds on adjacent feedgrounds absent of wolves, and returned within a few days (6%,n = 13) or left the feedground for another feedground and did not return for the rest of the winter (6%;n = 14). Elk were less likely to leave feedgrounds in the presence of a wolf kill when there were more elk on that feedground. Elk left feedgrounds with greater topography and tree cover (Alkali and Fish Creek) and gathered on the flat, open feedgrounds (Patrol Cabin) more frequently than they left flat, open feedgrounds for feedgrounds with greater topography and tree cover. Our results indicate wolves in our study area primarily preyed on elk and exhibited a strong preference for elk calves. High‐density concentrations of elk on feedgrounds will continue to be an attractant for wolves. Although elk leave feedgrounds for reasons other than wolf presence, any displacement of elk from feedgrounds due to wolves will be temporary. State managers have the ability to alter management strategies (e.g., increasing wolf harvest, phasing out elk feeding, increasing the intensity of elk feeding) in an effort to affect predator‐prey relationships. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Advance of sporadic Alzheimer's disease animal models
Authors: Zhang Lili , Chen Chen , Mak Marvin SH , Lu Junfeng , Wu Zeqing , Chen Qiuhe , Han Yifan , Li Yuefeng , Pi Rongbiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. In the past decades, numbers of promising drug candidates showed significant anti‐AD effects in preclinical studies but failed in clinical trials. One of the major reasons might be the limitation of appropriate animal models for evaluating anti‐AD drugs. More than 95% of AD cases are sporadic AD (sAD). However, the anti‐AD drug candidates were mainly tested in the familial AD (fAD) animal models. The diversity between the sAD and fAD might lead to a high failure rate during the development of anti‐AD drugs. Therefore, an ideal sAD animal model is urgently needed for the development of anti‐AD drugs. Here, we summarized the available sAD animal models, including their methodology, pathologic features, and potential underlying mechanisms. The limitations of these sAD animal models and future trends in the field were also discussed.
Parameters derived from compound muscle action potential scan for discriminating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐related denervation
Authors: Sirin N. Gorkem , Oguz Akarsu Emel , Kocasoy Orhan Elif , Erbas Bahar , Artug Tugrul , Dede H. Ozlem , Baslo M. Baris , Idrisoglu Halil A. , Oge A. Emre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan parameters and MScanFit motor unit number estimation (MUNE) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to compare the results in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) to those in the abductor digiti minimi (ADM).MethodsCMAP scans were recorded from the APB and ADM in 35 patients with ALS and 21 controls. MScanFit MUNE, neurophysiological index (NI), step%, returner%, and D50 were calculated.ResultsCMAP scan parameters including the returner%, MScanFit MUNE, and NI can distinguish ALS with high sensitivity and specificity. The electrophysiological parameters, with the exception of D50 (the number of largest consecutive differences of recorded responses generating 50% of maximum CMAP), showed more pronounced changes in the APB than in the ADM, even though most of the patients had normal APB/ADM amplitude ratios.DiscussionCMAP scan parameters and MScanFit MUNE can be used in the evaluation of denervation and reinnervation and may herald the “split hand” in ALS.
SNR optimized 31P functional MRS to detect mitochondrial and extracellular pH change during visual stimulation
Authors: Hendriks Arjan D. , van der Kemp Wybe J.M. , Luijten Peter R. , Petridou Natalia , Klomp Dennis W.J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryEnergy metabolism of the human visual cortex was investigated by performing 31P functional MRS.IntroductionThe human brain is known to be the main glucose demanding organ of the human body and neuronal activity can increase this energy demand. In this study we investigate whether alterations in pH during activation of the brain can be observed with MRS, focusing on the mitochondrial inorganic phosphate (Pi) pool as potential marker of energy demand.MethodsSix participants were scanned with 16 consecutive 31P‐MRSI scans, which were divided in 4 blocks of 8:36 minutes of either rest or visual stimulation. Since the signals from the mitochondrial compartments of Pi are low, multiple approaches to achieve high SNR 31P measurements were combined. This included: a close fitting 31P RF coil, a 7 T‐field strength, Ernst angle acquisitions and a stimulus with a large visual angle allowing large spectroscopy volumes containing activated tissue.ResultsThe targeted resonance downfield of the main Pi peak could be distinguished, indicating the high SNR of the 31P spectra. The peak downfield of the main Pi peak is believed to be connected to mitochondrial performance. In addition, a BOLD effect in the PCr signal was observed as a signal increase of 2–3% during visual stimulation as compared to rest. When averaging data over multiple volunteers, a small subtle shift of about 0.1 ppm of the downfield Pi peak towards the main Pi peak could be observed in the first 4 minutes of visual stimulation, but no longer in the 4 to 8 minute scan window. Indications of a subtle shift during visual stimulation were found, but this effect remains small and should be further validated.ConclusionOverall, the downfield peak of Pi could be observed, revealing opportunities and considerations to measure specific acidity (pH) effects in the human visual cortex.
Modeling errors due to Timoshenko approximation in damage identification
Authors: Castello Daniel A. , Kaipio Jari P. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe use of accurate computational models for damage identification problems may lead to prohibitive costs. Damage identification problems are often characterized as inverse ill‐posed problems. Thus, the use of approximate models such as simplified physical and/or reduced‐order models typically yields misleading results. In this paper, we carry out a preliminary study on a particular simplified physical model, the Timoshenko beam model in the context of damage identification. The actual beam is a two‐dimensional relatively high aspect ratio (thickness/length) beam with a distributed damage that is modeled as a spatially varying Young modulus. We state the problem in the Bayesian framework for inverse problems and carry out approximative marginalization over the related modeling errors. The numerical experiments suggest that the proposed approach yields more stable results than using the Timoshenko beam model as an accurate model. Due to the severity of the Timoshenko approximation, however, the posterior error estimates of the proposed approach are not always feasible in the probabilistic sense.
Differential Effects of Alternate‐Day Fasting Versus Daily Calorie Restriction on Insulin Resistance
Authors: Gabel Kelsey , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Trepanowski John F. , Hoddy Kristin K. , Cienfuegos Sofia , Kalam Faiza , Varady Krista A. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study compared the effects of alternate‐day fasting (ADF) with those of daily calorie restriction (CR) on body weight and glucoregulatory factors in adults with overweight or obesity and insulin resistance.MethodsThis secondary analysis examined the data of insulin‐resistant individuals (n = 43) who participated in a 12‐month study that compared ADF (25% energy needs on “fast days”; 125% energy needs on alternating “feast days”) with CR (75% energy needs every day) and a control group regimen.ResultsIn insulin‐resistant participants, weight loss was not different between ADF (−8% ± 2%) and CR (−6% ± 1%) by month 12, relative to controls (P < 0.0001). Fat mass and BMI decreased (P < 0.05) similarly from ADF and CR. ADF produced greater decreases (P < 0.05) in fasting insulin (−52% ± 9%) and insulin resistance (−53% ± 9%) compared with CR (−14% ± 9%; −17% ± 11%) and the control regimen by month 12. Lean mass, visceral fat mass, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 values remained unchanged.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ADF may produce greater reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance compared with CR in insulin‐resistant participants despite similar decreases in body weight.
Meal‐Concurrent Media Use is Associated with Increased Dietary Intake with no Evidence of Next Meal Compensation in Free‐Living Adults
Authors: Ellithorpe Morgan E. , Eden Allison , Hahn Lindsay , Ulusoy Ezgi , Yang Chia‐Lun , Tucker Robin M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the effects of concurrent and prior media use on dietary intake and dietary compensation over 3 days in a free‐living population.MethodsParticipants recorded food intake and media use for a 3‐day period. The US Department of Agriculture multiple‐pass method was used to ensure completeness of food records. Energy, protein, fiber, carbohydrates, sugar, added sugar, fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and sodium intake were assessed.ResultsMeals consumed while participants used media included 149.3 more calories on average than meals consumed without media. Media meals were higher in protein, carbohydrates, fat, and saturated fat. There was no evidence of dietary compensation at the meal following the media meal.ConclusionsEnergy and macronutrient intake increased during media‐paired meals. Dietary compensation at the subsequent meal did not occur, suggesting that the effects of media‐paired meals are additive over the short term.
Impact of long‐term institutionalization on experiential pleasure and motivation in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Chu Min‐yi , Hu Hui‐xin , Ni Hua , Lu Wei‐hong , Lui Simon S. Y. , Yi Zhen‐hui , Cheung Eric F. C. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnhedonia and amotivation, the hallmarks of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, are believed to be due to “emotion–behavior decoupling,” a failure in translating pleasure experience into appropriate goal‐directed behavior. A number of studies have reported that long‐term institutionalized schizophrenia patients suffer from more severe negative symptoms than community‐dwelling patients, but few studies have investigated pleasure experience and motivational behavior in schizophrenia patients who have experienced long‐term institutionalization. In this study, we recruited 26 long‐term institutionalized schizophrenia patients, 27 community‐dwelling schizophrenia patients, and 27 healthy controls. Participants were administered two specific computer‐based tasks to assess anhedonia and amotivation. The Anticipatory and Consummatory Pleasure (ACP) Task was used to measure emotion–behavior decoupling and the Effort‐Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) was used to measure amotivation related to rewards. Findings from the ACP Task showed that compared with healthy controls, the coupling between emotion experience and motivated behavior was significantly weaker in both clinical groups, suggesting that emotion–behavior decoupling could be a stable trait in schizophrenia patients. In the EEfRT, compared with both community‐dwelling patients and healthy controls, institutionalized patients with schizophrenia failed to expend more effort to gain potential rewards even when reward probability increased. These findings further reveal the underlying mechanism of anhedonia and amotivation and their potential relationships with long‐term institutionalization in patients with schizophrenia.