bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology, molecules and the phylogeny of Characidae (Teleostei, Characiformes)
Authors: Mirande Juan Marcos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis is the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Characidae to date and the first large‐scale hypothesis of the family, combining myriad morphological data with molecular information. A total of 520 morphological characters were analysed herein, of which 98 are newly defined. Among the analysed taxa, 259 species were coded by examining specimens, three fossil species were coded from the literature, one species was coded almost completely from published figures, 122 were partially coded from the literature, and 88 were analysed exclusively from molecular data. The total number of species in the analysed dataset is 473. Analyses were made by parsimony under equal and extended implied weighting with a broad range of parameters. The final hypothesis was selected using a stability criterion that chooses among the most parsimonious trees of all searches. It was found by weighting molecular characters with the average homoplasy of entire partitions (markers). The resulting hypothesis is congruent with previous molecular‐based phylogenies of the family. The Characidae are monophyletic, with four main clades: the Spintherobolinae new subfamily; an expanded Stethaprioninae including the Grundulini, Gymnocharacini, Rhoadsiini and Stethaprionini; the Stevardiinae; and a clade composed of the Aphyocharacinae, Characinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae and Tetragonopterinae. Also, a stem Characidae was found, as formed by the Eocene–Oligocene genera †Bryconetes and †Paleotetra as successive sister groups of extant members of the family. A subfamilial classification is proposed, but deep changes in the systematics that are beyond the scope of this study are still needed to classify the Characidae into monophyletic genera.
Usefulness of thrombopoietin receptor agonists for persistent clinically relevant thrombocytopenia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bosch‐Vilaseca Anna , García‐Cadenas Irene , Roldán Elisa , Novelli Silvana , Barba Pere , Esquirol Albert , Valcárcel David , Martino Rodrigo , Sierra Jorge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjective and MethodsSevere postengraftment thrombocytopenia is a common complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). A few studies have suggested that the use of thrombopoietin agonists (TPOa) may be useful in this setting. Our retrospective study is the largest series published to date; we retrospectively evaluated TPOa efficacy and safety in 20 adult alloSCT recipients who received TPOa as a compassionate use for clinically relevant thrombocytopenia.ResultsTwelve of 20 patients (60%) responded, with a 180‐day cumulative incidence of successful platelet recovery to ≥30 and ≥50 × 109/L of 57% (95% CI: 44%‐71%) and 32% (95% CI: 18%‐46%), respectively, which were reached at a median of 28 and 34 days from the start of therapy. Fifty percent of the responders were able to discontinue the TPOa without recurrence of severe thrombocytopenia and its associated hemorrhagic complications. No serious adverse events were reported. Possible variables associated with higher response to TPOa were as follows: age < 40 years, presence of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow aspirate, and/or prior response to other hematopoietic growth factors.ConclusionThis study adds further enthusiasm for continued research on the use of these agents for the treatment of persistent thrombocytopenia in alloSCT recipients.
Organic carbon pools and storage in the soil of olive groves of different age
Authors: Massaccesi L. , De Feudis M. , Agnelli A. E. , Nasini L. , Regni L. , D'Ascoli R. , Castaldi S. , Proietti P. , Agnelli A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCompared with annual crop cultivation, tree groves might represent a relevant land‐use system to improve C sequestration, but few data are available to support this hypothesis. To evaluate the potential of olive tree (Olea europaea L., 1753) cultivation to store soil organic C (SOC), we assessed (i) the distribution of organic C in active (water‐extractable and particulate organic C, WEOC and POC, respectively), intermediate (organic matter associated with stable sand‐size aggregates and silt‐ and clay‐size aggregates, SSAs and SCAs, respectively) and passive (organic matter resistant to oxidation, rSOM) pools, (ii) the phenol content of the C pools, (iii) the humic‐C distribution of the intermediate C pool and (iv) the stocks of SOC pools in two olive groves of different age (7 years (OG7) and 30 years (OG30)) compared with a nearby site with cereal crops (arable soil, AS). In OG30 the organic C stock of the olive grove was no different from that of the AS, but the distribution of SOC pools changed with the age of the olive groves. The WEOC and POC increased in the Ap horizon of OGs, probably because of the herbaceous cover and distribution of chipped prunings on the soil. There were fewer SSAs in OG7 than AS, possibly because of pedoturbations from deep tillage before the olive trees were established, but they increased in OG30. The increase in SSAs and SCAs in the Bw and BC horizons of OG30 was associated with humic‐C and unextractable‐C and a smaller phenol content than AS. This suggested that the olive tree roots had a positive role through rhizodeposition and root turnover, which favoured the stabilization of organic matter into aggregates at depth. In contrast to the active and intermediate C pools, the passive C pool did not vary following the change in land use from arable to olive grove.Highlights
Effects of land‐use change from arable to olive grove on soil organic C pools and stocks.
Soil organic C stock increased from 7‐ to 30‐year‐old olive orchard.
Olive tree cultivation affected active and intermediate C pools, but not the passive C pool.
After 30 years, the olive grove stored an amount of SOC similar to that of the arable system.
Broad thermal tolerance is negatively correlated with virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen
Authors: Ashrafi Roghaieh , Bruneaux Matthieu , Sundberg Lotta‐Riina , Pulkkinen Katja , Valkonen Janne , Ketola Tarmo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredicting the effects of global increase in temperatures on disease virulence is challenging, especially for environmental opportunistic bacteria, because pathogen fitness may be differentially affected by temperature within and outside host environment. So far, there is very little empirical evidence on the connections between optimal temperature range and virulence in environmentally growing pathogens. Here, we explored whether the virulence of an environmentally growing opportunistic fish pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, is malleable to evolutionary changes via correlated selection on thermal tolerance. To this end, we experimentally quantified the thermal performance curves (TPCs) for maximum biomass yield of 49 F. columnare isolates from eight different geographic locations in Finland over ten years (2003–2012). We also characterized virulence profiles of these strains in a zebra fish (Danio rerio) infection model. We show that virulence among the strains increased over the years, but thermal generalism, and in particular tolerance to higher temperatures, was negatively associated with virulence. Our data suggest that temperature has a strong effect on the pathogen genetic diversity and therefore presumably also on disease dynamics. However, the observed increase in frequency and severity of F. columnare epidemics over the last decade cannot be directly linked to bacterial evolution due to increased mean temperature, but is most likely associated with factors related to increased length of growing season, or other time‐dependent change in environment. Our study demonstrates that complex interactions between the host, the pathogen and the environment influence disease virulence of an environmentally growing opportunistic pathogen.
Domestication of cattle: Two or three events?
Authors: Pitt Daniel , Sevane Natalia , Nicolazzi Ezequiel L. , MacHugh David E. , Park Stephen D. E. , Colli Licia , Martinez Rodrigo , Bruford Michael W. , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCattle have been invaluable for the transition of human society from nomadic hunter‐gatherers to sedentary farming communities throughout much of Europe, Asia and Africa since the earliest domestication of cattle more than 10,000 years ago. Although current understanding of relationships among ancestral populations remains limited, domestication of cattle is thought to have occurred on two or three occasions, giving rise to the taurine (Bos taurus) and indicine (Bos indicus) species that share the aurochs (Bos primigenius) as common ancestor ~250,000 years ago. Indicine and taurine cattle were domesticated in the Indus Valley and Fertile Crescent, respectively; however, an additional domestication event for taurine in the Western Desert of Egypt has also been proposed. We analysed medium density Illumina Bovine SNP array (~54,000 loci) data across 3,196 individuals, representing 180 taurine and indicine populations to investigate population structure within and between populations, and domestication and demographic dynamics using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Comparative analyses between scenarios modelling two and three domestication events consistently favour a model with only two episodes and suggest that the additional genetic variation component usually detected in African taurine cattle may be explained by hybridization with local aurochs in Africa after the domestication of taurine cattle in the Fertile Crescent. African indicine cattle exhibit high levels of shared genetic variation with Asian indicine cattle due to their recent divergence and with African taurine cattle through relatively recent gene flow. Scenarios with unidirectional or bidirectional migratory events between European taurine and Asian indicine cattle are also plausible, although further studies are needed to disentangle the complex human‐mediated dispersion patterns of domestic cattle. This study therefore helps to clarify the effect of past demographic history on the genetic variation of modern cattle, providing a basis for further analyses exploring alternative migratory routes for early domestic populations.
Abscessation following intralesional formalin treatment of congenital parotid salivary duct atresia
Authors: Williams M. , Nickels F. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA 5‐month‐old colt with a history of nonpainful left‐sided facial swelling present since birth was presented for evaluation and treatment. A diagnosis of congenital parotid salivary duct atresia was made, and surgical correction was attempted but was unsuccessful. Follow‐up treatments consisted of repeat intralesional injection of 10% neutral‐buffered formalin. The horse developed ventral mandibular abscessation with multiple draining tracts secondary to this treatment; however, no other significant complications occurred and a cosmetic outcome was achieved.
In vitro models of dermatophyte infection to investigate epidermal barrier alterations
Authors: Faway Émilie , Lambert de Rouvroit Catherine , Poumay Yves 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFungal infections of the skin, known as dermatophytoses, are initiated at the epidermal barrier and lead to dysfunctions of the stratum corneum and cornified skin appendages. Dermatophytosis affects a significant part of the human population and, despite the availability of effective treatments, its prevalence is still increasing. Numerous dermatophyte species are able to induce lesions in both animals and humans, with different clinical pictures and host inflammatory responses. The understanding of the infectious process and of tissue responses has been impeded by discrepancies between observations in vivo or in research models. Indeed, cells cultured as monolayers do not undergo the keratinization process required to study the adherence and invasion of dermatophytes. Animal models lack relevance to study human dermatophytosis because of species‐specific differences in the development of lesions and inflammatory responses. This review focuses on the recent development of cultured human skin equivalents, which partly overcomes those limitations and allows improved understanding of the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis in human being, especially the impacts of infection on epidermal barrier integrity.
Physical properties of the photodamaged human skin dermis: Rougher collagen surface and stiffer/harder mechanical properties
Authors: Shao Yuan , Qin Zhaoping , Alexander Wilks James , Balimunkwe Rebecca Mutesi , Fisher Gary J. , Voorhees John J. , Quan Taihao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFragmentation of collagen fibrils and aberrant elastic material (solar elastosis) in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) is among the most prominent features of photodamaged human skin. These alterations impair the structural integrity and create a dermal microenvironment prone to skin disorders. The objective of this study was to determine the physical properties (surface roughness, stiffness and hardness) of the dermal ECM in photodamaged and subject‐matched sun‐protected human skin. Skin samples were sectioned and analysed by histology, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. Dermal ECM collagen fibrils were more disorganized (ie, rougher surface), and the dermal ECM was stiffer and harder, in photodamaged forearm, compared to sun‐protected underarm skin. Cleavage of collagen fibrils in sun‐protected underarm dermis by recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase‐1 resulted in rougher collagen fibril surface and reduced dermal stiffness and hardness. Degradation of elastotic material in photodamaged skin by treatment with purified neutrophil elastase reduced stiffness and hardness, without altering collagen fibril surface roughness. Additionally, expression of two members of the lysyl oxidase gene family, which insert cross‐links that stiffen and harden collagen fibrils, was elevated in photodamaged forearm dermis. These data elucidate the contributions of fragmented collagen fibrils, solar elastosis and elevated collagen cross‐linking to the physical properties of the dermal ECM in photodamaged human skin. This new knowledge extends current understanding of the impact of photodamage on the dermal ECM microenvironment.
An innovative testing technique for assessing the VHCF response of adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Tridello A. , Paolino D.S. , Chiandussi G. , Goglio L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the last few years, the use of adhesive joints for structural applications has rapidly increased and adhesives are more often subject to fatigue loads during their in‐service life. In presence of a rapidly varying load, such as a high‐frequency vibration, adhesively bonded joints may undergo fatigue lives in the Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) region that are significantly larger than those investigated in usual high‐cycle fatigue tests. The present paper proposes an innovative testing technique for performing accelerated fully reversed tension‐compression VHCF tests on adhesive butt‐joints. The procedure for the design of the adherends is described and then experimentally validated. Ultrasonic VHCF tests are finally carried out on a cyanoacrylate butt‐joint up to 109 cycles: experimental results show that the proposed testing equipment permits an effective assessment of the VHCF response of the adhesive in a limited testing time.
Underreaction to Political Information and Price Momentum
Authors: Addoum Jawad M. , Delikouras Stefanos , Ke Da , Kumar Alok 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we examine whether momentum in stock prices is induced by changes in the political environment. We find that momentum profits are concentrated among politically sensitive firms and industries. From 1939 to 2016, a trading strategy with a long position in winner portfolios (industries or firms) that are politically unfavored and a short position in losers that are politically favored does not generate significant momentum profits. Furthermore, our political‐sensitivity‐based long‐short portfolio explains 23% to 27% (42% to 43%) of monthly stock (industry) momentum alphas. This explanatory power is concentrated around presidential elections, when the level of political activity is high. Collectively, our results suggest that investor underreaction to political information generates momentum in stock and industry returns.
Similar controls on calcification under ocean acidification across unrelated coral reef taxa
Authors: Comeau Steeve , Cornwall Christopher E. , DeCarlo Thomas M. , Krieger Erik , McCulloch Malcolm T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is a major threat to marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs which are heavily reliant on calcareous species. OA decreases seawater pH and calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω), and increases the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Intense scientific effort has attempted to determine the mechanisms via which ocean acidification (OA) influences calcification, led by early hypotheses that calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω) is the main driver. We grew corals and coralline algae for 8–21 weeks, under treatments where the seawater parameters Ω, pH, and DIC were manipulated to examine their differential effects on calcification rates and calcifying fluid chemistry (Ωcf, pHcf, and DICcf). Here, using long duration experiments, we provide geochemical evidence that differing physiological controls on carbonate chemistry at the site of calcification, rather than seawater Ω, are the main determinants of calcification. We found that changes in seawater pH and DIC rather than Ω had the greatest effects on calcification and calcifying fluid chemistry, though the effects of seawater carbonate chemistry were limited. Our results demonstrate the capacity of organisms from taxa with vastly different calcification mechanisms to regulate their internal chemistry under extreme chemical conditions. These findings provide an explanation for the resistance of some species to OA, while also demonstrating how changes in seawater DIC and pH under OA influence calcification of key coral reef taxa.
Geospatial supply–demand modeling of biomass residues for co‐firing in European coal power plants
Authors: Cintas Olivia , Berndes Göran , Englund Oskar , Cutz Luis , Johnsson Filip 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiomass co‐firing with coal is a near‐term option to displace fossil fuels and can facilitate the development of biomass conversion and the build‐out of biomass supply infrastructure. A GIS‐based modeling framework (EU‐28, Norway, and Switzerland) is used to quantify and localize biomass demand for co‐firing in coal power plants and agricultural and forest residue supply potentials; supply and demand are then matched based on minimizing the total biomass transport costs (field to gate). Key datasets (e.g., land cover, land use, and wood production) are available at 1,000 m or higher resolution, while some data (e.g., simulated yields) and assumptions (e.g., crop harvest index) have lower resolution and were resampled to allow modeling at 1,000 m resolution. Biomass demand for co‐firing is estimated at 184 PJ in 2020, corresponding to an emission reduction of 18 Mt CO2. In all countries except Italy and Spain, the sum of the forest and agricultural residues available at less than 300 km from a co‐firing plant exceeds the assessed biomass demand. The total cost of transporting residues to these plants is reduced if agricultural residues can be used, as transport distances are shorter. The total volume of forest residues less than 300 km from a co‐firing plant corresponds to about half of the assessed biomass demand. Almost 70% of the total biomass demand for co‐firing is found in Germany and Poland. The volumes of domestic forest residues in Germany (Poland) available within the cost range 2–5 (1.5–3.5) €/GJ biomass correspond to about 30% (70%) of the biomass demand. The volumes of domestic forest and agricultural residues in Germany (Poland) within the cost range 2–4 (below 2) €/GJ biomass exceed the biomass demand for co‐firing. Half of the biomass demand is located within 50 km from ports, indicating that long‐distance biomass transport by sea is in many instances an option.
Infrastructures of liberal life: From modernity and progress to resilience and ruins
Authors: Wakefield Stephanie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhereas until recently, the topic of infrastructure was practically invisible, studies of the spaces, landscapes, and geographies of infrastructure now abound, and for many critical thinkers, infrastructure has become perhaps the political question of the Anthropocene. This review traces two distinct but related paradigms of liberal governmentality and infrastructure, the first, modern infrastructure and its project of mastery and order, and the second, contemporary paradigm of infrastructures of resilience, ruins, and survival. Through this review, I also trace a story of the crisis or dislocations of liberal thought and practice underway as what we now refer to as the Anthropocene. Exploring this crisis and its responses through the lens of infrastructure, I suggest, offers new ideas for other ways to move forward amidst the splinters of the present, and I conclude with some remarks on the political possibilities inherent in both critical infrastructure studies and resilient infrastructures themselves.
Community energy: Entanglements of community, state, and private sector
Authors: Creamer Emily , Eadson Will , van Veelen Bregje , Pinker Annabel , Tingey Margaret , Braunholtz‐Speight Tim , Markantoni Marianna , Foden Mike , Lacey‐Barnacle Max 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe decarbonisation of energy systems is leading to a reconfiguration of the geographies of energy. One example is the emergence of community energy, which has become a popular object of study for geographers. Although widely acknowledged to be a contested, capacious, and flexible term, “community energy” is commonly presented as singular, bounded, and localised. In this paper, we challenge this conception of community energy by considering evidence about the role and influence of three categories of actors: community, state, and private sector. We demonstrate how community energy projects are unavoidably entangled with a diversity of actors and institutions operating at and across multiple scales. We therefore argue that community energy is enabled and constituted by trans‐scalar assemblages of overlapping actors, which demands multi‐sectoral participation and coordination. We point to the need for further academic attention on the boundaries between these actors to better understand the role of different intermediary practices and relationships in facilitating the development of decentralised energy systems with just outcomes.