bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Are Only Some Subcortical Ischemic Lesions on Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associated With Stroke Symptoms in Small Vessel Disease?
Authors: Osman Ophélie , De Guio François , Chabriat Hugues , Jouvent Eric 
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose—
In cerebral small vessel diseases, small subcortical ischemic lesions (SSIL) on diffusion imaging are responsible for stroke manifestations but can also be occasionally observed in the absence of overt neurological symptoms. We aimed to determine, in a large cohort of young patients with CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal-Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy), a severe monogenic condition leading to SSIL in young patients, the characteristics of SSIL and of surrounding cerebral tissue associated with the presence of stroke symptoms.

Methods—
Among a cohort of 323 genetically confirmed CADASIL patients who were systematically evaluated every 18 months clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging, we studied all visible SSIL and documented ischemic stroke events with available magnetic resonance imaging data. We used mixed-effect logistic regression models to determine whether the presence of stroke symptoms was associated with age, sex, the volume of SSIL, their location with respect to preexisting white matter hyperintensities and with the load of the different magnetic resonance imaging markers of small vessel disease.

Results—

We identified 73 SSIL (30 with stroke symptoms and 43 without) in 55 patients. In multivariable models, stroke symptoms were more frequent in male patients (estimate=1.94; SE=0.82;
P
=0.03) and less frequent when SSIL appeared in contact to preexisting white matter hyperintensities (estimate=−2.12; SE=0.83;
P
=0.01). Within pyramidal tracts, stroke symptoms were more frequent in patients with extensive white matter hyperintensities (estimate=3.8×10
−5
; SE=9.3×10
−6
;
P
<10
−4
).

Conclusions—
Altogether, our results suggest that when SSIL occur, the presence of stroke symptoms may depend on sex and alterations of the surrounding brain tissue rather than on the characteristics of the SSIL itself.
You should/mustn’t be a mother: intersectionalities of gender and sexuality within non-heteronormative women families
Authors: Kot Małgorzata 
Published: July 2018

You should/mustn’t be a mother: intersectionalities of gender and sexuality within non-heteronormative women familiesIn this paper I aim to illustrate the intersectionality of sexuality and gender within non-heteronormative women families with usage of intersectionality framework from the classical text of K. Crenshaw Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color, which analyzes the structural, political and representational intersectionalities. Taking into consideration the impossibility to embrace all identity constructs and intersections between them, I’m going to focus on two dimensions: gender and sexuality, which, as I will try to illustrate, are crucial for studying realities of inequalities faced by non-heteronormative women parents in Poland. Powinnaś/Nie wolno ci być matką: intersekcjonalność gender i seksualności w rodzinach nieheteronormatywnych kobietCelem artykułu jest przedstawienie intersekcjonalności seksualności i gender w rodzinach nieheteronormatywnych kobiet w oparciu o metodologię klasycznego tekstu K. Crenshaw Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color, w którym analizie poddana została intersekcjonalność strukturalna, polityczna i reprezentacyjna. Biorąc pod uwagę niemożność uchwycenia wszystkich konstruktów tożsamościowych i ich wzajemnych relacji, skupię się na dwóch aspektach: płci kulturowej i seksualności, które jak postaram się zobrazować, mają decydujący wpływ na nierówności napotykane przez nieheteronormatywne kobiety-rodziców w Polsce.
Intestinal homeostasis is restored in mice following a period of intestinal growth induced by orally administered Emu Oil
Authors: Mashtoub Suzanne , Cheah Ker Y , Lymn Kerry A , Howarth Gordon S 
Published: July 2018

Previously, we reported that orally administered Emu Oil (EO) increases mucosal thickness in the small intestine and colon in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced mucositis and colitis. However, it remains unclear whether mucosal thickening (crypt and villus lengthening) represents a process of normal or aberrant growth. We sought to determine if villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) measurements returned to normal in EO-treated rats following withdrawal of EO therapy. Dark agouti rats ( n = 8/group) were gavaged daily for 10 days with water, olive oil (OO), or EO (0.5 mL or 1 mL). Groups of rats were euthanized on days 10 and 17. Intestinal weights, lengths, VH, and CD were quantified. P < 0.05 was considered significant. On day 10, jejuno–ileum weight was increased by OO (26%) and EO (0.5 mL: 15%; 1 mL: 29%) compared to water controls ( P < 0.01), which was normalized by day 17. On days 10 and 17, jejuno-ileum length was greater in OO- (12%) and EO-treated rats (0.5 mL: 8%; 1 mL: 12%; P < 0.05), relative to water controls. On day 10, OO and EO increased ileal VH (OO: 32%; 0.5 EO: 22%; EO: 35%; P < 0.01) and CD (OO: 17%; 0.5 EO: 13%; EO: 22%) compared to water controls. Importantly, however, after withdrawal of all oils, VH and CD measurements returned to normal control values. Moreover, the VH:CD ratio (potential indicator of dysplasia) remained unchanged in all experimental groups on days 10 and 17. The restoration of normal intestinal architecture following cessation of Emu Oil therapy supports its safety for application in intestinal disorders. Impact statement Uncontrolled inflammation and intestinal proliferation can predispose to the development of colorectal cancer. In previous pre-clinical studies, we demonstrated that oral administration of Emu Oil promotes intestinal repair via stimulation of the mucosa in response to tissue injury and inflammation. Therefore, it was important to determine if Emu Oil administration did not promote the precocious development of colorectal cancer. The current study revealed that Emu Oil returned indicators of intestinal proliferation back to normal values after a period of seven days. These data strongly support the safety of Emu Oil for further studies in the context of bowel inflammation.
Understanding symptom burden and attitudes to irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea: Results from patient and healthcare professional surveys
Authors: Törnblom Hans , Goosey Richard , Wiseman Gwen , Baker Stephen , Emmanuel Anton 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) comprises multiple troublesome symptoms and negatively impacts patients’ quality of life.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to assess IBS‐D patient burden and patient and healthcare professional (HCP) attitudes towards IBS.MethodsPatients and HCPs from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom completed internet‐based surveys via market research panels. Attitudes to IBS‐D‐related statements were scored using seven‐point Likert scales.ResultsThe patient survey included 513 patients (70% female, mean age 40.9 years). Faecal urgency was reported as the most troublesome symptom (27%) and fatigue occurred on the most days per month (mean: 18); 61% of patients used ≥3 types of treatment daily or intermittently; 19% used antidepressants daily. Thirty‐three per cent thought HCPs should listen and provide more support and 46% reported willingness to ‘try anything’ to help manage their IBS–D. The HCP survey included 366 primary care physicians and 313 gastroenterologists: A total of 70% and 65%, respectively, agreed it was important that IBS‐D patients feel listened to and supported; 73% agreed their main aim was to improve quality of life; ∼30% expressed frustration at managing IBS‐D.ConclusionIBS‐D imposes a substantial burden on patients and HCPs. These findings point towards a need for improved patient‐HCP communication.
Costs and quality of life by disability among people with multiple sclerosis: a register-based study in Sweden
Authors: Gyllensten Hanna , Kavaliunas Andrius , Alexanderson Kristina , Hillert Jan , Tinghög Petter , Friberg Emilie 
Published: July 2018

Background Population-based estimates of costs of illness and health-related quality of life, by disability levels among people with multiple sclerosis, are lacking. Objectives To estimate the annual costs of illness and health-related quality of life, by disability levels, among multiple sclerosis patients, 21–64 years of age. Methods Microdata from Swedish nationwide registers were linked to estimate the prevalence-based costs of illness in 2013, including direct costs (prescription drug use and specialised healthcare) and indirect costs (calculated using sick leave and disability pension), and health-related quality of life (estimated from the EQ-5D). Disability level was measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results Among 8906 multiple sclerosis patients, EDSS 0.0–3.5 and 7.0–9.5 were associated with mean indirect costs of SEK 117,609 and 461,357, respectively, whereas direct costs were similar between the categories (SEK 117,423 and 102,714, respectively). Prescription drug costs represented 40% of the costs of illness among multiple sclerosis patients with low EDSS, while among patients with high EDSS more than 80% were indirect costs. Among the 1684 individuals who had reported both EQ-5D and EDSS, the lowest health-related quality of life scores were found among those with a high EDSS. Conclusion Among people with multiple sclerosis, we confirmed higher costs and lower health-related quality of life in higher disability levels, in particular high indirect costs.
Variability in contact precautions to control the nosocomial spread of multi-drug resistant organisms in the endemic setting: a multinational cross-sectional survey
Authors: Vuichard Gysin Danielle , Cookson Barry , Saenz Henri , Dettenkofer Markus , Widmer Andreas F. ,   for the ESCMID Study Group for Nosocomial Infections (ESGNI)
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Definitions and practices regarding use of contact precautions and isolation to prevent the spread of gram-positive and gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are not uniform.

Methods
We conducted an on-site survey during the European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2014 to assess specific details on contact precaution and implementation barriers.

Results
Attendants from 32 European (EU) and 24 non-EU countries participated (n = 213). In EU-respondents adherence to contact precautions and isolation was high for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and MDR A. baumannii (84.7, 85.7, and 80%, respectively) whereas only 68% of EU-respondents considered any contact precaution measures for extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing non-E. coli. Between 30 and 45% of all EU and non-EU respondents did not require health-care workers (HCW) to wear gowns and gloves at all times when entering the room of a patient in contact isolation. Between 10 and 20% of respondents did not consider any rooming specifications or isolation for gram-positive MDRO and up to 30% of respondents abstain from such interventions in gram-negative MDRO, especially non-E. coli ESBL. Understaffing and lack of sufficient isolation rooms were the most commonly encountered barriers amongst EU and non-EU respondents.

Conclusion
The effectiveness of contact precautions and isolation is difficult to assess due to great variation in components of the specific measures and mixed levels of implementation. The lack of uniform positive effects of contact isolation to prevent transmission may be explained by the variability of interpretation of this term. Indications for contact isolation require a global definition and further sound studies.
Do Patients With Advanced Cancer Have the Ability to Make Informed Decisions for Participation in Phase I Clinical Trials?
Authors: Hlubocky Fay J. , Sachs Greg A. , Larson Eric R. , Nimeiri Halla S. , Cella David , Wroblewski Kristen E. , Ratain Mark J. , Peppercorn Jeffery M. , Daugherty Christopher K. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Patients with advanced cancer (ACPs) participating in phase I clinical trials inadequately understand many elements of informed consent (IC); however, the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment has not been described. Patients and Methods ACPs enrolled onto phase I trials underwent neuropsychological assessment to evaluate cognitive functioning (CF) covering the following domains: memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test), executive functioning (Trail Making Test B), language (Boston Naming Test-Short Version and Controlled Oral Word Association Test), attention (Trail Making Test A and Wechsler Adult Intelligenence Scale-IV Digit Span), comprehension (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV), and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function). Structured interviews evaluated IC and decisional capacity. Psychological measures included distress (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II). Results One hundred eighteen ACPs on phase I trials were evaluated, with CF ranging from mild impairment to superior performance. Only 45% of ACPs recalled physician disclosure of the phase I trial purpose. The 50% of ACPs who correctly identified the phase I research purpose had greater CF compared with ACPs who did not, as revealed by the mean T scores for memory (37.2 ± 5.6 v 32.5 ± 5.1, respectively; P = .001), attention (29 ± 2.7 v 26.9 ± 2.4, respectively; P < .001), visual attention (35.2 ± 6.6 v 31.5 ± 6.2, respectively; P = .001), and executive function (38.9 ± 7.5 v 34 ± 7.1, respectively; P < .001). Older ACPs (≥ 60 years) were less likely to recall physician disclosure of phase I purpose than younger ACPs (30% v 70%, respectively; P = .02) and had measurable deficits in total memory (34.2 ± 5.0 v 37.3 ± 5.6, respectively; P = .002), attention (24.5 ± 2.6 v 28 ± 2.8, respectively; P < .001), and executive function (32.8 ± 7.3 v 36.4 ± 7.6, respectively; P = .01). Older ACPs, compared with younger ACPs, also had greater depression scores (10.6 ± 9.2 v 8.1 ± 5.2, respectively; P = .03) and lower quality-of-life scores (152 ± 29.6 v 167 ± 20, respectively; P = .03). After adjustment by age, no psychological or neuropsychological variable was further significantly associated with likelihood of purpose identification. Conclusion CF seems to play a role in ACP recall and comprehension of IC for early-phase clinical trials, especially among older ACPs.
Does Sex Bias Play a Role for Dissatisfied Patients With Hypothyroidism?
Authors: McAninch Elizabeth A , Glueck Jennifer S , Bianco Antonio C 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The current state of the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease cannot be separated from the larger context of women’s health for the following reasons: (1) the disproportionate incidence and prevalence of functional and structural thyroid diseases among women vs men; (2) the role of thyroid health on fertility, pregnancy, and postpartum; and (3) the challenge posed in managing the nonspecific symptoms of functional thyroid disease in the context of menopause. Here, we explore the hypothesis that sex bias has played a role in the management of thyroid diseases historically and has extended into the modern medical era. Once knowledge gaps that may have resulted from sex bias are recognized, we can strive to overcome this bias and develop better treatments to improve patient outcomes universally.
The importance of the plates in the Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Botanie for the nomenclature of South—East Asian plants
Authors: Turner I.M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe botany volume of the Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen was written by P.W. Korthals. It contains accounts of nearly 200 plant species from what is now western Indonesia, and includes 70 plates. The volume was published in seven parts from 1840 to 1844. A large number of the plates were published before the text that included the subjects of the illustrations. As these mostly meet the requirements of an illustration with analysis, the species names on the plates were validated before the text descriptions. This includes a number of generic names validated by the equivalent of a descriptio generico–specifica. All such cases from Korthals’s work are here listed with the correct publication date. Due to overlooked homonymy, Ploiarium elegans Korth. is the correct name for P. alternifolium (Szyszył.) Melch. The names Gordonia ovalis and Mitragyna speciosa should be attributed to Korthals. The new combination Dissochaeta pachygyna (Korth.) I.M.Turner is proposed. The combination Polyspora vulcanica is validated. Lectotypes are designated for 14 names, and 5 second­step designations of lectotype are proposed.
A new technique for correction of leg length discrepancies in combination with complex axis deformities of the lower limb using a lengthening nail and a locking plate
Authors: Steiger C. N. , Lenze U. , Krieg A. H. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Intramedullary lengthening nails are an accepted alternative to external fixators but are limited by anatomical preconditions. Therefore, to date the use of external fixators is sometimes inevitable. We report on a new technique for correction of combined limb length discrepancies and complex axis deformities using solely internal devices - a lengthening nail and a locking plate. Methods Between October 2008 and November 2011 five patients (two femora, three tibias) with a mean leg length discrepancy of 36 mm (25 to 50) and a complex angular deformity were treated with a fully implantable motorized lengthening nail (Fitbone) and a locking plate. All patients were evaluated with regards to the pre- and postoperative leg length as well as axis alignment, functional outcome, lengthening indices and complications. Results A successful leg length equalization was achieved in all cases and physiological joint orientation angles in all but one case. The mean distraction index was 1.2 mm/day, the maturation index 24 days/cm and the consolidation index 35 days/cm. The functional outcome was very encouraging in all cases with bilateral free range of movement. In total, two complications were observed, one nonunion and one loss of leg length after an early locking bolt removal in a peripheral hospital. Conclusion The combination of a fully implantable motorized lengthening nail and a locking plate is a valuable alternative option for treating selected cases with limb length discrepancies in combination with a complex deformity of the lower leg. However, the reported technique puts high demands on the preoperative planning, operative technique as well as surgeon's skills. Level of evidence IV (retrospective series)
L’objet comme expression de soi: exemple d’un atelier artistique d’expression plurilingue en Guadeloupe
Authors: BEAUBRUN Frédéric , CANDAU Olivier-Serge 
Published: July 2018

RÉSUMÉ. La contribution présentée ici vise à rendre compte d’une expérimentation originale, associant apprentissage du français et création artistique, à destination d’un public d’apprenants allophones inscrits dans un centre de formation en Guadeloupe. Cette recherche expérimentale a vocation à montrer dans quelle mesure le détour artistique est susceptible de mobiliser le déjà-là culturel, linguistique et identitaire de l’apprenant. L’action de formation menée est l’occasion de découvrir un certain nombre d’objets du quotidien dont les usages (par leur fréquence, la finalité attribuée, ou la charge symbolique attribuée) diffèrent d’une culture à une autre. Chacun des apprenants est invité à interroger ses pairs sur le rapport entretenu par les autres à cet objet, en ayant soin de comparer l’usage qu’il en avait avant son arrivée en Guadeloupe, et celui qu’il en a depuis. Nous ferons ici l’hypothèse principale que la création artistique favorise une mobilisation forte de l’identité sociolinguistique de l’apprenant. Mots-clés: Didactique du plurilinguisme, détours artistiques, français langue d’intégration, sociobiographie. ABSTRACT. This study attempts to investigate how far artistic diversion can mobilize learners’ cultural, linguistic and identity-related resources. The study is based on a French language learning session with artistic creativity for allophone migrant learners at a training centre in Guadeloupe. The aim of the activity is for migrant learners to integrate French language norms through guided reformulation work, involving exploring some everyday objects whose usage (whether frequency, ultimate purpose or symbolic meaning) differs between cultures. Learners ask their peers about their relationship with the object ; care is taken to compare their usage both before and after their arrival in Guadeloupe. The research is based on corpora consisting of interactions between allophone migrant learners positioning their point of view by bringing into play a collection of language resources in order to produce the required decisions and responses. The data obtained aims to demonstrate the degree to which artistic diversion can mobilize learners’ cultural, linguistic and identity-related resources. The analysis shows that artistic creation is a strong motivator for learners’ sociolinguistic identity. Keywords: Plurilingual didactics, artistic diversion, French language integration, French as an integration language, sociobiography.
Outils didactiques, vecteurs d’interactions dans la classe de FLE en Corée du Sud
Authors: KANG Shin-Tae 
Published: July 2018

RÉSUMÉ. Les apprenants de cours de langues hésitent souvent à prendre la parole en classe. Cet article vise à étudier comment les enseignants de FLE utilisent des supports pédagogiques variés dans leurs cours de conversation, et comment ces outils didactiques rendent les interactions plus vivantes et intéressantes pour les apprenants. La méthode de l’analyse conversationnelle sera appliquée à un corpus de données enregistrées authentiques et naturelles : des cours de FLE délivrés par des enseignants français à des apprenants coréens dans l’enseignement supérieur en Corée du Sud. Les données vidéo et les transcriptions seront analysées sous l’angle de la méthode empirico-inductive afin de décrire les zones d’interaction générées par chacun des outils didactiques employés dans le corpus. Il sera établit que ces zones d’interaction peuvent focaliser le regard et l’attention des apprenants dans des relations « émetteur-récepteur » entre enseignants et apprenants variant au gré des nombreux ateliers proposés. Mots-clés: apprenant coréen, FLE, interaction, outils didactique, salle de classe. ABSTRACT. Language learners are often reluctant to speak in class. This article aims to study how FFL teachers use a variety of teaching aids in their conversation classes, and how these didactic tools make interactions more lively and interesting for learners. The conversational analysis method will be applied to a corpus of authentic and natural recorded data: FFL courses delivered by French teachers to Korean learners in higher education in South Korea. The video data and transcriptions will be analyzed from the angle of the empirico-inductive method in order to describe the interaction zones generated by each of the didactic tools used in the corpus. It will be established that these interaction zones can focus the look and attention of learners in "transmitter-receiver" relations between teachers and learners, varying with the many workshops offered. Keywords: Korean learner, FFL, interaction, didactic tools, classroom.