bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Generation of Cool White Dwarf Atmosphere Models. I. Theoretical Framework and Applications to DZ Stars
Authors: Blouin S. , Dufour P. , Allard N. F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The photospheres of the coolest helium-atmosphere white dwarfs are characterized by fluidlike densities. Under those conditions, standard approximations used in model atmosphere codes are no longer appropriate. Unfortunately, the majority of cool He-rich white dwarfs show no spectral features, giving us no opportunities to put more elaborate models to the test. In the few cases where spectral features are observed (such as in cool DQ or DZ stars), current models completely fail to reproduce the spectroscopic data, signaling shortcomings in our theoretical framework. In order to fully trust parameters derived solely from the energy distribution, it is thus important to at least succeed in reproducing the spectra of the few coolest stars exhibiting spectral features, especially since such stars possess even less extreme physical conditions due to the presence of heavy elements. In this paper, we revise every building block of our model atmosphere code in order to eliminate low-density approximations. Our updated white dwarf atmosphere code incorporates state-of-the-art constitutive physics suitable for the conditions found in cool helium-rich stars (DC and DZ white dwarfs). This includes new high-density metal-line profiles, nonideal continuum opacities, an accurate equation of state, and a detailed description of the ionization equilibrium. In particular, we present new ab initio calculations to assess the ionization equilibrium of heavy elements (C, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na) in a dense helium medium and show how our improved models allow us to achieve better spectral fits for two cool DZ stars, Ross 640 and LP 658-2.
Violent Quenching: Molecular Gas Blown to 1000 km s−1 during a Major Merger
Authors: Geach J. E. , Tremonti C. , Diamond-Stanic A. M. , Sell P. H. , Kepley A. A. , Coil A. L. , Rudnick G. , Hickox R. C. , Moustakas J. , Yang Yujin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of a massive (

) compact (

pc) merger remnant at z = 0.66 that is driving a 1000 km s−1 outflow of cool gas, with no observational trace of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We resolve molecular gas on scales of approximately 1–2 kpc, and our main finding is the discovery of a wing of blueshifted CO J(2 → 1) emission out to −1000 km s−1 relative to the stars. We argue that this is the molecular component of a multiphase outflow, expelled from the central starburst within the past 5 Myr through stellar feedback, although we cannot rule out previous AGN activity as a launching mechanism. If the latter is true, then this is an example of a relic multiphase AGN outflow. We estimate a molecular mass outflow rate of approximately 300 M
⊙ yr−1, or about one third of the 10 Myr-averaged star formation rate. This system epitomizes the multiphase “blowout” episode following a dissipational major merger—a process that has violently quenched central star formation and supermassive black hole growth.
Comment l’histoire légitime-t-elle l’État-nation ?
Authors: Antichan Sylvain 
Published: August 2018

Résumé À partir du cas du musée historique du château de Versailles sous la monarchie de Juillet, l’article interroge « comment » une politique de mémoire a pu participer à la légitimation d’un régime et à la naturalisation de l’État-nation. En reconstituant la fabrication de cette action publique dans les échanges entre des secteurs de l’État et des groupes familiaux ou professionnels, il montre que le musée constitue une offre de ralliement au régime à destination des élites. En retour, ces acteurs s’approprient le passé national en le valorisant dans des espaces sociaux et des interactions routinières, a priori , déliés de la nation et de son histoire. En ce sens, l’imaginaire civique et national se renforce par sa capacité à consolider d’autres groupes que l’État-nation lui-même.
Entre executive shift et gouvernement à distance
Authors: Gally Natacha 
Published: August 2018

Résumé Cet article examine l’émergence de nouvelles formes de centralisation dans la conduite de l’action publique à partir d’une enquête sur les politiques « pour l’excellence » dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche en France. Discutant conjointement les thèses d’un renforcement du pouvoir exécutif et du « gouvernement à distance », nous montrons comment une élite programmatique sectorielle parvient à défendre une conception de l’« excellence » conforme à un agenda réformateur ancien de regroupement des établissements. Plus que d’un renversement radical du paradigme napoléonien, les politiques « pour l’excellence » semblent participer d’un mouvement graduel de rationalisation dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche, qui se caractérise par un renforcement des capacités ministérielles à gouverner le secteur.
Three-dimensional visualization of the mouse renal connecting tubule
Authors: Deng Siqi , Gu Ling , Miao Junke , Liu Yujie , Lian Jie , Zhai Xiaoyue 
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives:
In this study, the spatial courses of the connecting tubule (CNT) of nephron from different depth of cortex and the collecting duct (CD) in mouse kidney was established with the aid of three-dimensional visualization technology.

Subjects and Methods:
Kidneys from three C57/BL/6J mice were removed after perfusion fixation. The tissue blocks were cut perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the kidney and embedded in Epon-812. A total of 2000, 2.5-μm-thick consecutive sections were obtained from the renal capsule to papilla. After acquiring the digitalized images and alignment, the CNT from 137 nephrons were traced with the custom-made programs. The spatial arrangement of the CNT was visualized, and the length was measured.

Results:
Each CD received CNT from 5 to 7 nephrons. The CNT from different level of cortex all drained into the CD at superficial cortex but took different path. The CNT from superficial cortical nephron joined CD directly, while the CNT from middle and juxtamedullary cortical nephron joined each other to form an arcade, and the latter drained into CD at superficial cortex. The length of the arcade ranged 400-800 μm.

Conclusions:
The CNT joined CD at superficial cortex, which means the fluid along the CD from the cortex would not be added from outside, contributing to stabilization of the hormone regulation in the transportation of solutes and water along the CD from cortex to medulla.
Gobernados por las deudas El caso de los jóvenes adultos deudores de los créditos Corfo de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Pérez-Roa Lorena 
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se propone analizar el caso del sistema de créditos estudiantiles de la Corfo desde una perspectiva de las teorías de la gubernamentalidad. Utilizando los datos empíricos de una encuesta y de una serie de entrevistas realizadas por la autora nuestro argumento plantea que esta modalidad de crédito favorece un proceso de “subjetivización” de los jóvenes deudores a través de tres elementos: en primer lugar, por los enclaves bancarios que este sistema de sistema de crédito creo para resguardar los riesgos financieros de transformar a “sujetos pobres” en “sujetos financieros”. En segundo lugar, por las consecuencias de sumisión a un endeudamiento tentacular al exigir anualmente avales o codeudores solidarios y, en tercer lugar, por los altos costos económicos y personales que para los deudores a implicado responder a sus compromisos financieros mes a mes.
Ethnography in Qualitative Research: A Literature Review
Authors: Alotaibi Nouf Nawar Mohsen 
Published: August 2018

Qualitative data allows researchers an opportunity to explore areas of interest in a more in-depth manner, paying special attention to the cause, order, and purpose of behaviors and events. One method of qualitative data is ethnography. Ethnography lacks a singular definition but possesses several characteristics that are consistent across scholarly debates. Ethnography plays an important role in qualitative research, as it seeks to answer the reasoning behind many elements of human behavior and social events. This paper will explore the history of ethnography, the types of ethnography, the advantages, limitations, and ethical considerations of ethnography. Keywords: Ethnography, qualitative research, advantages, limitations, ethics, data.
The Journey of a Novice Principal: Her Struggle to Maintain Subjective Wellbeing and Be Spiritual School Leader
Authors: Carter Susan 
Published: August 2018

This paper contributes knowledge to the field of well-being studies, specifically as an example of how religious beliefs contribute to the maintenance of subjective wellbeing. The research study utilised a hermeneutical phenomenology study where the overarching question was: What was the lived experience of one novice female principal struggling to maintain her subjective wellbeing whilst simultaneously being a spiritual leader in her school? The Hermeneutical Circle was used as a basis to guide the investigation. The key finding of the study wasthat self-reflective meaning making and positive thinking, built capacity for leadership. In this instance, it is the interplay of educational, spiritual and mental health knowledges that strengthened leadership capacity to plan for, and to meet the complex challenges posed within the workplace.
Vestiges of Humanity: An Examination of the Interrelation between Childhood and Posthumanity in Shade’s Children
Authors: Bjerregaard Ann Dystrup 
Published: August 2018

Western children's literature has traditionally been dominated by liberal humanism, which stresses the centrality and inviolability of the human subject. Recently, though, some speculative novels for young adults have begun to question this notion of humanity following posthumanist thinking. This article examines the post-apocalyptic YA-novel Shade's Children and investigates what view of humanity it offers and how it ties this view up with its representation of children, childhood and the concept of innocence. It is argued that although the novel undermines bodily definitions of humanity in favour of a posthuman inclusiveness, it ultimately ends up tying the idea of humanity to liberal humanist notions of cherishing the innocence of children and protecting those weaker than oneself. The novel centres on a nostalgia for the myth of innocence, which, while acknowledging the heroism and agency of its adolescent characters, also stresses the value of freedom from responsibility.
Introgression from Gorilla caused the Human-Chimpanzee split
Authors: Nygren Johan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT: The Gorilla Genome Project (Scally, 2012) showed that 30% of the gorilla genome introgressed into the ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, and that the two species diverged through lineage sorting with 15% ending up in Pan and another 15% in Homo. That introgression is the Pan-Homo split, hybridization, which led to speciation as the new hybrid lineages became reproductively isolated from one another.
The NUMT on chromosome 5 fits perfectly with the introgression speciation model, it was formed from mtDNA that had diverged as much as ~4.5 Myr at the time of introgression, perfect fit with the Gorilla/Pan-Homo split, and the mtDNA fragments that formed it were inserted at the time of the Homo/Pan split, and ended up in both the Gorilla, Pan and Homo lineages around the same time period, 6 million years ago. (Popadin, 2017)
Setting the stage: reviewing current knowledge on the health of New Zealand immigrants—an integrative review
Authors: Kanengoni Blessing , Andajani-Sutjahjo Sari , Holroyd Eleanor 
Published: August 2018

The growth of migrant communities continues to rise globally, creating unique and complex health challenges. Literature on immigrant health in New Zealand (NZ) remains scant. This integrative literature review was conducted drawing on peer-reviewed research articles on immigrant health in NZ published between 2012 and 2018. The objectives were to: (i) provide a critical overview of immigrant health in NZ; (ii) identify general trends in health research conducted in NZ on immigrants; (iii) compare, contrast, and evaluate the quality of the information; (iv) develop a summary of research results and; (v) identify priorities and recommendations for future research. A search yielded more than 130 articles with 28 articles constituting the foundation of the review. This review is timely following the rapid increase in the scale, speed, and spread of immigration and its potential for changing NZ’s national health patterns and priorities. This integrative review led to the four primary conclusions. Firstly, migration in NZ is a gendered phenomenon, as there has been more women and girls arriving as migrants in NZ and being at risk of poor health in comparison with their male counterparts. Secondly, studies on infectious diseases take precedence over other health problems. Thirdly, research methodologies used to collect data may not be relevant to the cultural and traditional customs of the migrant populations. Furthermore, a number of research findings implemented have failed to meet the needs of NZ migrants. Lastly, policy initiatives are inclined more towards supporting health practitioners and lack a migrant centred approach.What is already known about this topic?Despite NZ becoming more ethnically and linguistically diverse, there is limited literature on the health of migrants living in NZ.What this paper adds?This integrative literature review provides a critical overview of refugee and migrant health in NZ through reviewing and critiquing the current literature available. This paper identifies research trends, the general health of migrants in NZ, recommendations that could inform future migrant and refugee health research and health policies and initiatives to ensure effective and relevant health service provision to migrants.
Circular RNA expression profile of spleen in a Clostridium perfringens type C‐induced piglet model of necrotizing enteritis
Authors: Yan Zunqiang , Jiang Tiantuan , Wang Pengfei , Huang Xiaoyu , Yang Qiaoli , Sun Wenyang , Gun Shuangbao 
Published: August 2018

Clostridium perfringens type C is a pathogen that causes necrotizing enteritis (NE), which is an intestinal tract disease in piglets. The pathogenesis of C. perfringens type C‐induced NE is still unclear, leading to a lack of effective therapies. Earlier studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenic processes of various diseases. However, it is not known if circRNAs in spleen play a role in C. perfringens type C infection in NE. To address this question, we infected 7‐day‐old piglets with C. perfringens type C to induce NE. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of small intestine revealed inflammation, atrophy and shedding of intestinal villi, and intestinal mucosal necrosis. We observed increased expression of cytokine genes (such as IL‐1β and IL‐6) and inflammation in the spleen. In addition, we used RNA‐seq and bioinformatics analysis to examine changes in circRNA expression. A total of 103 circRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in NE, and Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the genes producing differentially expressed circRNAs were enriched in regulation of the cellular metabolic process protein binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the genes producing differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway and nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway. Finally, we found eight circRNAs (including circ_0002220 and circ_0000821) that are related to NE. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying C. perfringens type C infection in piglets.
Alcohol consumption and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Ma Chaoran , Pavlova Milena , Li Junjuan , Liu Ying , Sun Yujie , Huang Zhe , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically examine the association between alcohol intake and likelihood of having probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) 6 years later.MethodsThe study included 11,905 participants (mean age: 47.7 years) of the Kailuan Study, free of stroke, cancer, Parkinson disease, dementia, and head injury in 2006. We determined pRBD using a validated RBD questionnaire–Hong Kong in 2012. Amounts and types of alcohol intake were collected with questionnaire. Participants were categorized into: nondrinkers, light (women: 0–0.4 servings/day; men: 0–0.9 servings/day), moderate (women: 0.5–1.0 servings/day; men: 1–2 servings/day), and heavy drinkers(women: >1 serving/day; men: >2 servings/day). To examine the alcohol‐pRBD relationship, we used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographic characteristics, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, body mass index, and plasma concentrations of lipids and urate.ResultsCompared with nondrinkers, current drinkers had a 23% higher likelihood of having pRBD (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.59). Both moderate (adjusted OR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.01–2.30) and heavy drinkers (adjusted OR: 1.29, 95% CI 1.00–1.66), but not light drinkers (adjusted OR: 1.16, 95% CI 0.94–1.44), had a significantly higher likelihood of having pRBD, relative to nondrinkers. There was a nonsignificant trend between consumption of each individual alcoholic beverages (i.e., beer, wine, or hard liquor) and higher likelihood of having pRBD (adjusted ORs ranged from 1.11 to 1.49).ConclusionsAlcohol consumption was associated with a higher likelihood of having pRBD. Future prospective studies with clinically confirmed RBD, large sample size for information on types of alcoholic beverage are warranted.
3D Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles at Oleic Acid/Water Interface via Their Autonomous and Rapid Interfacial Locomotion
Authors: Shin Yonghee , Whang Keumrai , Chang Jeehan , Jang Jungwoo , Yoo Sooyeon , Lee Jungchul , Choi Yeonho , Choi Inhee , Kang Taewook 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe assembly of colloidal metal nanoparticles at immiscible liquid interface has attracted considerable attention because of both enhanced physical properties associated with the assembly and controlled mass transfer at the interface for many sensing and catalytic applications. However, rapid production of 3D assembly of metal nanoparticles at liquid interface is still challenging. Here a facile and robust method is proposed to generate 3D assembly of colloidal metal nanoparticles at oleic acid/water interface, which is based on an interesting observation of the autonomous and rapid interfacial locomotion of nanoparticles from air/water to oleic acid/water interface. This interfacial transfer of these particles is completed within a minute considerably owing to electrostatic interaction between positively charged surface molecule of the particle and the negative end of oleic acid, producing up to 20‐fold denser 3D assembly. To realize one of the benefits of the proposed method, 3D assemblies of gold and silver nanoparticles at oleic acid/water interface are successfully exploited for the detection of trace molecules in both oil and water phases via surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Molecular Raman signals can be increased by our 3D nanoparticle layers by up to 100 times, compared with that measured from nanoparticle monolayers being transferred onto solid substrates.
Therapeutic Potential of Biomineralization‐Based Engineering
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Xiao Yun , Hao Haibin , Zhang Ying , Xu Xurong , Tang Ruikang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn nature, the biomineralization processes of living organisms produce a wide range of organic–inorganic hybrid materials to achieve various functions. In particular, egg shells can provide extra protection for embryos and maintain air exchange. Inspired by such phenomena, it is assumed that the engineering of organisms with biomimetic materials can lead to significant improvement in organism function. This review summarizes recent progress in biomineralization‐based techniques for organism engineering, and demonstrates the therapeutic potential enabled by these techniques. The design and synthesis approaches of biomineralization‐based engineering are systemically introduced to guide the controlled modification of different organisms including viruses, bacteria, cells, and proteins using in situ biomineralization, bottom‐up self‐assembly, chemical and genetic engineering. Tailored organisms promise delivery, protection, cell therapy, vaccine improvement as well as therapeutic detection and imaging. The present review aims to propose a biomineralization‐based strategy to promote functional evolution of these organisms, which promises to meet the increasing demand for new therapeutic purpose.
Predictors of symptomatic hyperviscosity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Abeykoon Jithma P. , Zanwar Saurabh , Ansell Stephen M. , Winters Jeffrey , Gertz Morie A. , King Rebecca L. , Murray David , Habermann Thomas , Dingli David , Muchtar Eli , Go Ronald S. , Leung Nelson , Inwards David J , Buadi Francis K. , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Lin Yi , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Witzig Thomas E. , Thompson Carrie , Vincent Rajkumar S. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji , Kapoor Prashant 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSymptomatic hyperviscosity is a well‐established phenomenon in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Monoclonal IgM can variably impact intrinsic serum viscosity, leading to widely disparate symptomatic thresholds for development of hyperviscosity‐related symptoms. Data regarding the predictors of symptomatic hyperviscosity and outcomes related to this complication remain scarce and a recent study proposed that IgM >6000 mg/dL be considered a new criterion for initiating therapy in otherwise asymptomatic (smoldering) WM to pre‐empt hyperviscosity‐related injury. Herein, we attempt to identify predictors of the development of symptomatic hyperviscosity and its impact in patients with WM. Of 997 WM patients evaluated from January, 1996 through June, 2017, symptomatic hyperviscosity was observed in 130 (13%) patients. Overall survival (OS) of these 130 patients was similar to that of patients without symptomatic hyperviscosity (median: 11.5 vs 11.6 years; P = 0.63). On multivariate‐analysis, only viscosity >1.8 cp (risk ratio: 4.0, P = 0.02) assessed at the time of WM diagnosis was an independent predictor for the development of subsequent symptomatic hyperviscosity. Among patients with smoldering WM and IgM >6000 mg/dL at diagnosis (n = 13) who were managed expectantly, the median time‐to‐initial therapy was 6.9 years and only 15% developed hyperviscosity‐related symptoms subsequently. In summary, the occurrence of symptomatic hyperviscosity does not impact OS. Serum viscosity at diagnosis of WM, and not IgM concentration, represents the single most important independent predictor for development of subsequent hyperviscosity‐related symptoms. Patients with smoldering WM and high serum IgM can be safely observed in the absence of any indications per the Consensus recommendations to initiate WM‐directed therapy.