bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ and Family Members’ Subjective Experiences of a Diagnostic Evaluation of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Morris Jonna L , Hu Lu , Hunsaker Amanda , Liptak Amy , Seaman Jennifer Burgher , Lingler Jennifer H 
Published: December 2018

Background: People with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often struggle with uncertainty and fear when learning of and coping with their diagnosis. However, little is known about their experiences and perspectives, and those of their care partners, when seeking out and undergoing a diagnostic evaluation for their cognitive symptoms. Method: This study is a secondary analysis of a focus group discussion that was initially conducted to learn the perspectives and experiences of participants and their care partners during a mock disclosure session of brain scan results. Participant’s broader views on their experience of completing a cognitive evaluation resulting in an MCI diagnosis were evaluated in this study. Analysis used qualitative content methodology and line-by-line coding which generated categories and themes. Results: The (1) “presence of a threat” and (2) attempts to “minimize the threat” emerged as overarching themes driving the process of seeking out a diagnostic evaluation for cognitive symptoms. Subthemes that highlight the complexity of the presence of a threat included the “fear of stigma,” and the “emotional reactions” related to an MCI diagnosis. Three additional subthemes represented approaches that participants and their care partners used to minimize threat of MCI: “use of language” to minimize the threat; “information sharing and withholding”; and the “use of social support to legitimize personal experiences.” Conclusion: These findings add to the literature by elucidating the uncertainty, fears, and coping strategies that accompany a diagnostic evaluation of MCI.
Experimental study on the influence of preliminary desiccation on the swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite
Authors: Lang Lin Zhi , Baille Wiebke , Tripathy Snehasis , Schanz Tom 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn deep geological repositories, compacted bentonites have been proposed for use as barrier materials for isolating nuclear waste. The prevailing thermo-hydro-mechanical boundary conditions in the repositories may affect the swelling capacity and permeability of the compacted bentonites. In this study, the effect of preliminary desiccation on the subsequent hydro-mechanical behaviour (swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity) of compacted Calcigel bentonite was investigated experimentally at 22°C and 80°C. In the first stage of the test, the compacted specimens were subjected to suction-controlled desiccation at 22°C and 80°C using the vapour-equilibrium technique. After the water content reached equilibrium at a given suction, the axial, radial and volumetric shrinkage strains were measured. Afterwards, constant-volume swelling-pressure tests were performed on the desiccated specimens (second test stage) by saturating the dried specimens with deionized water at 22°C and 80°C. At the end of the swelling-pressure test, the hydraulic conductivities of four saturated specimens were measured at each temperature. The volumetric shrinkage strain of the compacted bentonite during desiccation is controlled by suction instead of temperature. In addition, the preliminary desiccation increases both the swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite, particularly if compacted bentonite undergoes extreme desiccation at an applied suction of >700 MPa.
Liraglutide ameliorates beta-cell function, alleviates oxidative stress and inhibits low grade inflammation in young patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Wen-qiang , Tian Yuan , Chen Xiao-min , Wang Li-fen , Chen Chan-chan , Qiu Chuan-mei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in youth is escalating rapidly. We aimed to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on beta-cell function, metabolic productions of oxidative stress, low grade inflammation compared with metformin in young patients with recent onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods
Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive 8-week liraglutide or metformin treatment. Beta-cell function was assessed by modified beta cell function index (MBCI), early phase of insulin secretion index (ΔI30/ΔG30), proinsuin to insulin ratio (P/I) and the insulin area under the curve (AUCins). The expression of 8-OH-dG and 8-iso-PGF2α and hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured as indications of oxidative stress and low grade inflammation.

Results
After 8 weeks liraglutide treatment, MBCI, ΔI30/ΔG30, AUCins significantly increased, 8-OH-dG, 8-iso-PGF2α, P/I and hs-CRP remarkably reduced. The differences before and after 8-week liraglutide treatment in ΔMBCI (11.1 [2.81, 43.08] vs 0.00 [− 8.16, 10.47], P = 0.017), ΔLNΔI30/ΔG30 (0.44 [0.04, 0.85] vs − 0.09 [− 0.33, 0.36], P = 0.049), ΔAUCins (117 [− 8, 376] vs − 21 [− 314, 109] mIU/L, P = 0.013), ΔP/I (− 0.05 [− 0.09, − 0.03] vs − 0.02 [− 0.04, 0.01], P = 0.026)were remarkably enhanced compared to those of the metformin therapy. The expression of 8-OH-dG, 8-iso-PGF2α and hs-CRP also decreased after 8-week metformin treatment.

Conclusions
These data demonstrated that liraglutide administration was more effective on ameliorating beta-cell function than metformin treatment in young patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both liraglutide and metformin could alleviate the level of oxidative stress and attenuate low grade inflammatory, we speculate this effect may not the main mechanism of beta-cell function improvement by liraglutide in diabetic patients.
Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials registry, chiCTR1800018008, Registered 27 August 2018—retrospectively registered.
Critical psychiatry: a brief overview
Authors: Middleton Hugh , Moncrieff Joanna 
Published: December 2018

SUMMARYCritical psychiatry has often been confused with what is widely known as ‘anti-psychiatry’. In this article the distinction is clarified and the particular contribution critical psychiatry makes is outlined. That contribution is constructive criticism: of the relationship between medicine and mental health practice, of the way drug and psychotherapeutic treatments for mental health difficulties might be better understood. These have implications for everyday clinical practice and there is much to be gained by openly embracing the controversies critical psychiatry highlights.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the origins of critical psychiatry and recognise some of the difficulties that arise from identifying psychiatry with medicine•Appreciate the differences between disease-centred and drug-centred approaches to prescribing psychiatric medication•Become aware of implications that arise from psychotherapeutic outcomes researchDECLARATION OF INTERESTSH. M. and J. M. are co-chairs of the UK Critical Psychiatry Network.
T-Cell–Inflamed Gene-Expression Profile, Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression, and Tumor Mutational Burden Predict Efficacy in Patients Treated With Pembrolizumab Across 20 Cancers: KEYNOTE-028
Authors: Ott Patrick A. , Bang Yung-Jue , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Razak Albiruni R. Abdul , Bennouna Jaafar , Soria Jean-Charles , Rugo Hope S. , Cohen Roger B. , O’Neil Bert H. , Mehnert Janice M. , Lopez Juanita , Doi Toshihiko , van Brummelen Emilie M.J. , Cristescu Razvan , Yang Ping , Emancipator Kenneth , Stein Karen , Ayers Mark , Joe Andrew K. , Lunceford Jared K. 
Published: December 2018

PURPOSE Biomarkers that can predict response to anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) therapy across multiple tumor types include a T-cell–inflamed gene-expression profile (GEP), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Associations between these biomarkers and the clinical efficacy of pembrolizumab were evaluated in a clinical trial that encompassed 20 cohorts of patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS KEYNOTE-028 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02054806) is a nonrandomized, phase Ib trial that enrolled 475 patients with PD-L1–positive advanced solid tumors who were treated with pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 2 years or until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR; by RECIST v1.1, investigator review). Secondary end points included safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Relationships between T-cell–inflamed GEP, PD-L1 expression, and TMB and antitumor activity were exploratory end points. RESULTS ORRs (with 95% CIs) ranged from 0% (0.0% to 14.2%) in pancreatic cancer to 33% (15.6% to 55.3%) in small-cell lung cancer. Across cohorts, median (95% CI) PFS ranged from 1.7 months (1.5 to 2.9 months) to 6.8 months (1.9 to 14.1 months) in pancreatic and thyroid cancers, respectively, and median OS from 3.9 months (2.8 to 5.5 months) to 21.1 months (9.1 to 22.4 months) in vulvar and carcinoid tumors, respectively. Higher response rates and longer PFS were demonstrated in tumors with higher T-cell–inflamed GEP, PD-L1 expression, and/or TMB. Correlations of TMB with GEP and PD-L1 were low. Response patterns indicate that patients with tumors that had high levels of both TMB and inflammatory markers (GEP or PD-L1) represent a population with the highest likelihood of response. Safety was similar and consistent with prior pembrolizumab reports. CONCLUSION A T-cell–-inflamed GEP, PD-L1 expression, and TMB predicted response to pembrolizumab in multiple tumor types. These biomarkers (alone/in combination) may help identify patients who have a higher likelihood of response to anti–PD-1 therapies across a broad spectrum of cancers.
Recommender System Rethink: Implications for an Electronic Marketplace with Competing Manufacturers
Authors: Li Lusi , Chen Jianqing , Raghunathan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2018

Recommender systems that inform consumers about their likely ideal products have become the cornerstone of e-commerce platforms that sell products from competing manufacturers. Using a model of an electronic marketplace in which two competing manufacturers sell their products through a common retail platform, we study the effect of recommender systems on the retail platform, manufacturers, consumer surplus, and social welfare. In our setting, consumers are differentiated with respect to their preference for the two products (locational differentiation) and awareness about the two products (informational differentiation). A recommender system selects the recommendation based on a recommendation score, which is a weighted sum of expected retailer profit and expected consumer value. We find that the recommender system may benefit or hurt the retailer and the manufacturers depending on the signs and magnitudes of the substitution effect and demand effect of the recommender system. The substitution effect of the recommender system either intensifies or softens the price competition between two manufacturers through two forces—its direct influence alters the informational differentiation of consumers (which affects the markup that manufacturers can charge), and its strategic influence motivates the manufacturers to use price as a lever to attract more recommendations in their favor. The demand effect of the recommender system increases overall consumer awareness, but, depending on the substitution effect, may increase or decrease the demand. The recommendation strategy, namely, the relative weight assigned to retailer profit vis-á-vis consumer value in computing the recommendation score, along with recommender system precision and the relative sizes of segments of consumers with different awareness levels, determines whether the retailer benefits from the recommender system and by how much. We find that the retailer’s optimal recommendation strategy is mildly profit oriented in the sense that it assigns a larger, but not too large, weight to retailer profit compared to consumer value, and that under the optimal strategy, the price competition is less intense and the retailer profit is higher compared to when there is no recommender system. Furthermore, an increase in either the recommender system precision or the fraction of consumers that are aware of at least one product induces the retailer to adopt a more profit-oriented recommendation strategy. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0765 .
Cryopreserved amniotic membrane in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a case series
Authors: Valiente Mónica Rodríguez , Nicolás Francisco J. , García-Hernández Ana M. , Mora Cristina Fuente , Blanquer Miguel , Alcaraz Patricio J. , Almansa Sonia , Merino Guadalupe Ruiz , Lucas Ma Dolores López , Algueró María C. , Insausti Carmen L. , Piñero Antonio , Moraleda José M. , Castellanos Gregorio 
Published: December 2018

Objective: The amniotic membrane (AM) is a tissue with low immunogenity and high therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and antimicrobial effects. This paper describes the use of cryopreserved amniotic membrane allografts to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with diabetes. Method: In this case series, AM was processed to obtain a final medicinal product: cryopreserved amniotic membrane. cryopreserved AM was applied every 7–10 days until total epithelialisation of the DFUs. Results: A total of 14 patients with DFUs (median size: 12.30cm, (range: 0.52–42.5cm2) were treated and followed up until complete closure (median time: 20 weeks, range: 7–56 weeks). Patients received 4–40 AM applications. All patients in this study achieved complete epithelialisation of the wound. No adverse events were observed. Conclusion: AM is a feasible and safe treatment in complex DFUs. Furthermore, the treatment is successful in achieving epithelialisation of long-evolution, unhealed wounds resistant to conventional therapies.
<p><strong>A simple rearing technique for larvae and observations on the larval biology of Australian ‘splendid ghost moths’, <em>Aenetus</em> (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae)</strong></p><p align="center"><strong><br /></strong></p>
Authors: BEAVER ETHAN PEREGRINE , GREHAN JOHN 
Published: December 2018

It is difficult to associate species of the wood-boring moth in the genus Aenetus with their host plant, because larvae develop inside live trees. A new method is described for rearing larvae of Aenetus eximia, A. lewinii, A. blackburnii, A. ligniveren and A. scotti in cut stems of trees containing larval tunnels by feeding them apple pieces. Larvae that completed development were reared from 49 to 396 days after collection from the field. Aspects of larval feeding webs and adult emergence are described, and new host records are documented. The rearing method is shown to provide an effective means of accurately determining the species of Aenetus developing inside a given host plant. It was more convenient than obtaining pupae or emerging adults in the field, which is often not possible to do. The method should be useful for conducting surveys, particularly for species with wide distribution ranges. This method may also be effective for the study of other genera of callus feeding, stem boring Hepialidae, such as Archaeoaenetus, Endoclita, Phassus, Schausiana and Zeloptypia.
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en estudiantes universitarios de Santa Fe (Argentina)
Authors: Negro Emilse , Gerstner Carolina , Depetris Romina , Barfuss Alejandra , González Marcela , Williner María Rosa 
Published: December 2018

Resumen Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) causan el 25% de las muertes en el mundo. En América, Argentina ocupa el cuarto lugar. Factores como sedentarismo, tabaquismo, hábitos alimentarios y predisposición genética, serían responsables. El objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo (FR) de ECV en estudiantes de Nutrición.Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal, en 185 estudiantes, entre 19-30 años. Se midieron peso, talla y circunferencia de cintura (CC). Se interrogó sobre antecedentes familiares de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), tabaquismo, alcohol y actividad física (AF). Se cuantificó colesterol total (CT), HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), LDL-colesterol (LDL-c), triglicéridos (TG), glucosa, índice de Castelli (IC) y la relación TG/HDL-col. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente con el programa Minitab 16.Resultados: En la población estudiada (21,9 ± 2,9 años) se halló un 75,7% de antecedentes de ECNT. El 8,1% fumaba, el 56,2% tomaba bebidas alcohólicas y la mitad no realizaba AF. El índice de masa corporal mostró 10,3% de sobrepeso y 2,2% de obesidad, y el riesgo cardiovascular según CC fue 9,7%. El parámetro más alterado fue LDL-c (48,1%). El 21,1% presentó hipercolesterolemia y el 22,2%, HDL-col disminuido. El IC fue 3,43 ± 0,96, cuando se evaluó la cifra de riesgo, el 33,3% de los varones y el 18,8% de las mujeres, la superaba. El 11,4% tuvo TG/HDL-col elevado. Hubo asociación entre CC-TG y CC-TG/HDL-col.Conclusiones: Como la mayoría de los FR cardiovascular son modificables, se sugiere establecer programas de educación alimentaria nutricional y promoción de estilos de vida saludable.
El cometido social del derecho urbano
Authors: Taller Adriana 
Published: December 2018

Las ideas expuestas en este trabajo tienen por objeto reflexionar sobre el cometido, la incumbencia, o en términos de la Real Academia Española la obligación moral del derecho urbano de regular el ordenamiento de la ciudad procurando su desarrollo equilibrado, sustentable y en equidad, evitando la marginalidad, la segregación y la exclusión. Para ello las autoridades deben evitar que la urbanización sea una expresión territorial de un orden urbanístico excluyente y predatorio. El ejercicio regular de la potestad de planeamiento debe promover el derecho a la urbanización, como un derecho de incidencia colectiva, corolario del derecho al hábitat digno, consisten en la satisfacción progresiva de las necesidades urbanas y habitacionales de las personas de la ciudad, especialmente de quienes no logran resolverlas con recursos propios. En los procesos de urbanización deben tender a satisfacer de manera progresiva el derecho a vivir dignamente en suelo servido o urbanizado, como corolario del respeto por parte de las autoridades públicas del derecho humano a la ciudad, consistente en el uso y goce de estas dentro de los principios de sostenibilidad, democracia, equidad y justicia social, y de la observancia de principios rectores como la función social de la propiedad, la gestión democrática de la ciudad y del acceso al suelo.
Nighttime sleep disorders in patients with daytime sleepiness in Parkinson s disease
Authors: Nodel M. R. , Shevtsova K. V. , Kovrov G. V. , Yakhno N. N. 
Published: December 2018

Daytime sleepiness is one of the clinically significant non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). One of its insufficiently studied aspects is a relationship between daytime sleepiness and nighttime sleep disorders.Objective:to clarify the clinical characteristics of PD in patients with different types of daytime sleepiness and to estimate of the ratio of daytime sleepiness to clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of nighttime sleep in patients with advanced stages of PD.Patients and methods. The investigation included 110 patients (56 men and 54 women) (mean age, 63.78+0.6 years) with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.6+0.2; disease duration, 6.3+3.2 years) without dementia. All the patients received therapy with levodopa at a mean daily dose of 667.8 mg; 98 of them had the drug in combination with dopamine receptor agonists at a stable dose. The unified PD rating scale, the PD sleep scale (PDSS), and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were applied. Nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were performed.Results and discussion. There was daytime sleepiness in 44% of the patients: permanent sleepiness in 15%, sudden daytime sleep attacks (along with low daytime sleepiness (ESS) in 14%, and permanent drowsiness concurrent with sleep attacks in 15%. The PSG findings showed a decrease in sleep efficiency, an increase in the duration of the first stage of sleep, a reduction in the duration of the second and third sleep stages, an extension of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and frequent awakenings (sleep fragmentation). PSG also demonstrated REM sleep behavior disorders (RBD) in half of the examinees.Patients with sleep attacks differed from those with permanent drowsiness without sleep attacks with more severe sleep disorders (PDSS) and shorter sleep latency (MSLT). Patients with the RBD phenomenon had shorter sleep latency (MTLS) than those without this parasomnia. Patients with moderate or severe sleepiness (ESS scores of >10) differed from those with milder drowsiness (ESS scores of 410) and a lower representation of the third sleep stage.Conclusion.There is evidence for the association of daytime sleepiness in PD with reduced efficiency, changes in the nighttime sleep pattern, and RBD.
Influence of emotional status and quality of life in patients with cervical disc herniation on the accuracy of topical diagnosis
Authors: Chekhonatsky A. A. , Nikolenko V. N. , Sholomov I. I. , Chekhonatsky V. A. , Gridin L. A. 
Published: December 2018

What factors negatively influence the accuracy of topical diagnosis of spinal nerve root lesion during neurological examination has not been solved until now.Objective:to identify the nature of the relationship between the accuracy of topical diagnosis of spinal nerve lesion from neurological symptoms in patients with cervical disk herniation and the peculiarities of their emotional status and quality of life.Patients and methods. Forty-eight patients with cervical disc herniation were examined. At first, the level of spinal nerve root lesion established during neurological examination was compared with the results of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography and surgical intervention. Thereafter, the importance of emotional factors in determining the accuracy of topical diagnosis is studied in these patients.Results and discussion. If there was a divergence between preliminary neurological and final diagnoses, personality traits, such as hysteria, psy-chasthenia, alexithymia, and trait anxiety were most significant. The most substantial differences were found in the index of alexithymia. The accuracy of topical diagnosis was influenced not only by the psychological profile of patients with cervical disc herniation, but also by their qualty-of-life indicators. These are persons who are anxious and suspicious and are characterized by anxiety, fearfulness, indecision, and constant doubt. They use the symptoms of a somatic disease as a means to avoid responsibility. These patients solve all their problems, by escaping into disease, which causes social maladjustment.Conclusion.The features of an individual's psychological profile as increased anxiety, hysteria, and psychasthenia reduce the accuracy of topical diagnosis of the lesion by 25.6%. Patients with cervical disk herniation, low quality-of-life indicators, and high scale scores for hypochondria, depression, psychasthenia, and trait anxiety need their emotional status to be corrected.