bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors predicting antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV in Asunafo South District, Ghana. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kogi Robert , Green-Harris Margor A . , Asampong Emmanuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Comorbidities among HIV positive individuals may have an impact on adherence to antiretroviral medication. Antiretroviral therapy's effectiveness is impacted by poor adherence, which also hastens the spread of the virus and increases medication resistance. This study was set to determine the level of adherence to antiretroviral treatment and identify the factors which predict ART medication adherence among people living with HIV who are on ART in Asunafo South District, Ghana.
Methods
Retrospective records review and analytical cross-sectional study designs were used. Systematic random sampling was used to collect the data. The data collection was conducted between 5th July 2023 and 28th July 2023. The literature for this study was reviewed and completed from 20th January 2023 and 28th April 2023. Descriptive statistics were performed. Bivariate analysis was done, where variables with p-values < 0.1 were employed in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Independent factors having p-values < 0.05 in multivariate logistic regression analysis were considered significantly associated with adherence. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on how ART adherence was related with viral load and CD4 cell counts. Lastly, direct and indirect relationships was done using structural equation modeling. The analysis was performed using Stata version 17.0.
Results
The study revealed a suboptimal ART adherence of 23.1%. Comorbidities such as hypertension, hepatitis B and C, psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and pneumonia were found. The presence of hepatitis B and C, and ART site were significantly associated with ART adherence [(χ² = 5.21 (1); p = 0.022; site (χ² = 39.70 (1); p < 0.001) respectively)]. Younger patients (18–29 years and 30–39 years old) and increase in educational level of respondents were significantly more likely to influence adherence to treatment compared to older, less educated respondents. Males with higher education (senior high school and tertiary) were more likely to predict adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Respondents with two or more comorbidities were more likely to achieve optimal adherence, and a positive correlation was found between ART adherence and CD4 cell counts.
Conclusions
The study revealed that ART site, age, education, and gender, contributed significantly to influencing ART adherence in the Asunafo South District.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-205 promotes ovarian cancer cell progression through M2 macrophage polarization via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: He Liuqing , Chen Quan , Wu Xiaoying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumour environment and are considered to be similar to M2 macrophages, which facilitate cancer progression. Exosomes, as important mediators of the cross-talk between tumor cells and tumour-associated macrophages, can facilitate the development and metastasis of ovarian cancer by mediates M2 macrophage polarization. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the communication between ovarian cancer (OC) cells and tumour-associated macrophages during ovarian cancer (OC) progression remain unclear.
Results
Herein, we demonstrated that high expression of miR-205 was associated with M2 macrophage infiltration which affected the prognosis of OC patients. Importantly, tumor-derived miR-205 could be transported from OC cells to macrophages via exosomes and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis via inducing M2-like macrophages polarisation. Animal experiments further confirmed that exosomal-miR-205-induced M2 macrophages accelerate OC progression in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-205 downregulates PTEN, activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is critical for M2 polarization.
Conclusions
These results reveal that exosomal miR-205 plays a pivotal role in macrophage polarization within the OC microenvironment, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for OC treatment. This study not only enhances our understanding of the interactions between tumor and immune cells but also opens new avenues for targeted therapies against exosomal miR-205 in ovarian cancer.
Predictive significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and eosinophil levels in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab – a Polish multicenter, observational study
Authors: Pacholczak-Madej Renata , Drobniak Artur , Grela-Wojewoda Aleksandra , Calik Jacek , Versuti-Vielgas Natalia , Tusień-Małecka Daria , Dobrzańska Jolanta , Roman Agnieszka , Bidas Anna , Szwiec Marek , Gawlik-Urban Angelika , Walocha Jerzy , Blecharz Paweł , Stokłosa Łukasz , Puskulluoglu Mirosława 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) showing promising results. However, not all patients benefit from these therapies, emphasizing the need for reliable, easily assessable biomarkers.
Methods
This multicenter study involved 116 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO+IPI across nine oncology centers in Poland. Blood markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophils and monocytes were assessed at baseline, after three months, and before disease progression (PD). The predictive significance of these parameters was analyzed using linear regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression models.
Results
After a median follow-up of 11.8 months, the progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7-28.1), while the overall survival (OS) was 27.3 months (95% CI:16-not reached). Patients with an NLR increase of ≥25% had a PFS of 8.2 (3.1-24.7) months compared to 17.5 (8.6-28.1) months in those with a rise in <25% (p=0.015). Similarly, a ≥25% increase in PLR was linked to a PFS of 6.8 (2.8-8.3) months compared to 17.4 (8.4-28.1) months (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed PLR as an independent predictor of PFS (HR 2.9, 95% CI:1.5-5.6, p=0.001), while elevated eosinophil levels were associated with a reduced risk of death (HR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.04-0.9, p=0.05).
Conclusions
NLR, PLR, and eosinophil levels may serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting treatment response in RCC patients receiving NIVO+IPI.
Enzymatic glycerolysis of lignin with Novozym 435: Optimizing biocatalyst reuse for greater efficiency
Authors: Araujo Thayli Ramires , Andrade Karina Luzia , Bresolin Daniela , de Oliveira Débora , Sayer Claudia , Hermes Pedro Henriques , de Oliveira José Vladimir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass has great potential as a renewable source of valuable chemicals due to its complex chemical composition. Novozym 435 (N435), an immobilized lipase, serves as a biocatalyst in reactions such as transesterification. Such reaction increases the compatibility of lignin in various industrial applications by selectively and efficiently converting this substrate into high-value raw materials. In addition, the efficient reuse of this biocatalyst promotes a more sustainable process in ecological and economic terms, contributing significantly to reducing operating costs and environmental impacts. In this context, this study investigates the potential use of N435, as a biocatalyst in the glycerolysis reaction of lignin to produce lignopolyols. The study focuses on the impact of lignin concentrations on the performance of N435, revealing a significant loss of enzymatic activity at higher lignin contents of 5wt%. The analysis includes enzyme activity assays, optical microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), indicating a detrimental interaction between lignin and N435 over several cycles for concentrations higher than 5wt%. However, lignopolyols produced with 5 wt% lignin showed promising results in the cycles using N435, with a drop-in enzymatic activity, which was expected when the biocatalyst is subjected to adverse conditions but could be used in more batch reactions. The findings emphasize the importance of carefully considering the influence of lignin concentration on enzymatic activity in transesterification reactions, providing valuable information for the sustainable use of lignin in biotechnological processes. The pioneering study explores the reuse of N435 in transesterification reactions involving lignin, suggesting avenues for further research into its application in producing lignopolymers. Therefore, the enzymatic glycerolysis of lignin using N435 is an innovative and essential approach to maximize sustainability in the biochemical industry.
Effect assessment of lifted orthopaedic shoes on gait in people with leg length discrepancy using a deep learning gait detection in the customisation process
Authors: Chung Younjin , Park Insik , Jamsrandorj Ankhzaya , Bok Soo-Kyung , Mun Kyung-Ryoul , Kim Jinwook 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Gait deviation by leg length discrepancy limits development of motor skills and causes lower limb injuries and pains. Orthopaedic shoes (OSs) have been a widely used treatment for the gait problems. However, their effects on gait performance at their customisation have not been widely studied due to the high complexity and cost in measuring and analysing gait changes. It misses an opportunity for providing optimally lifted OSs to individuals. This study therefore aimed to assess the effects of OSs through simple gait pattern analysis using a vision-based deep learning approach and provide a useful guideline for their customisation.
Methods
Sixteen participants, having the left leg short, underwent walking on straight paths with and without their trial OSs, initially lifted for equalising bilateral leg lengths. The vision-based deep learning model was employed to extract spatiotemporal gait parameters from the participant’s gait videos. Using the parameters, we examined pattern changes between the left and right gaits in terms of harmony, symmetry, regularity, and stability defined in this study. The gait pattern changes were evaluated using paired t-tests.
Results
With the trial OSs, significant improvement (p<0.05) of the gait harmony was shown in the left gait. Conflicting pattern changes between the left and right gaits were observed in the gait symmetry and regularity analyses. The gait symmetry was significantly increased for step length (p<0.05) whereas decreased for step phase (p<0.05) with high variation and considerable gaps in the changes. The left gait became more regular with the increase in step length (p<0.01) and phase on the contrary to the right gait. Regarding step phase, the overall gait regularity was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The gait stability also showed a decreasing tendency. The overall gait performance with the trial OSs was counted as suboptimal, in which further individually-differentiated correction is required in their customisation.
Conclusions
This study raised additional considerations of examining individual gait performance when customising OSs and provided an avenue to develop evidence-based customisation strategies. The gait pattern analysis using a vision-based deep learning approach can be suggested as a feasible method for effective customisation of optimally corrected OSsfor gait rehabilitation.
Feasibility of exercise during working hours in acute hospital staff
Authors: Nielsen Susanne Grøn , Pedersen Mathias , Toftager-Oster Jonas Ulrik , Saervoll Charlotte Ahlgren , Fischer Thea Kølsen , Lindegaard Birgitte , Molsted Stig 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Workplace health interventions with exercise have positive effects on musculoskeletal pain and well-being at work, however, effectiveness is questioned due to low adherence. In hospitals participation is challenged by shiftwork and unpredictable workload associated with the treatment of patients. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of exercise during working hours in an acute hospital, herein to estimate the health impact to guide management decisions on implementation.
Methods
A non-randomized feasibility trial in a public hospital, offering staff 30 minutes of supervised group-based individualized exercise during working hours, twice weekly for 20 weeks. Acceptance and adherence were registered. Self-reported outcomes were social capital, well-being, quality of life, and musculoskeletal pain. Objective outcomes were blood pressure, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Results
A total of 617 (23%) of employees signed up (92% female, median age was 50 years, 38% nurses). Adherence was 29% with no difference between employees with clinical versus non-clinical functions. Non-clinicians participated during working hours, while clinicians participated outside of working hours in 50% (IQR 5-87) of the sessions. Positive changes were seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (decreased 2.0 [0.9; 2.2] and 0.9 [0.1; 1.7] mmHG, respectively), aerobic capacity 2.3 ml/O2/min/kg [1.7; 2.9], and in waist-hip ratio, social capital, well-being, quality of life, and musculoskeletal pain.
Conclusion
Exercise during working hours in an acute hospital staff was feasible, but strategies to increase acceptance and adherence are necessary for a successful implementation. Despite low adherence, the intervention was associated with improvements of physical and mental health.
Registration: The study protocol has been uploaded on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04988724).
The virome composition of respiratory tract changes in school-aged children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Zhang Dianqi , Cao Yang , Dai Biao , Zhang Teng , Jin Xing , Lan Qingyue , Qian Chaoying , He Yumin , Jiang Yi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BackgroundMycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) is a common pathogen for respiratory infections in children. Previous studies have reported respiratory tract microbial disturbances associated with MP infection (MPI); however, since the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory virome data in school-aged children with MPI remains insufficient. This study aims to explore the changes in the respiratory virome caused by MPI after the COVID-19 pandemic to enrich local epidemiological data. Methods Clinical samples from 70 children with MPI (70 throat swab samples and 70 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples) and 78 healthy controls (78 throat swab samples) were analyzed using viral metagenomics. Virus reads were calculated and normalized using MEGAN.6, followed by statistical analysis. Results Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) showed that viral community diversity is a significant difference between disease cohorts and healthy controls. After MPI, the number of virus species in the upper respiratory tract (URT) increased obviously, and the abundance of familiesPoxviridae,Retroviridae, andIridoviridae, which infect vertebrates, rose evidently, particularly the speciesBeAn 58085 virus(BAV). Meanwhile, phage alterations in the disease cohorts were predominantly characterized by increasedMyoviridaeandAckermannviridaefamilies and decreasedSiphoviridaeandSalasmaviridaefamilies (p < 0.01). In addition, some new viruses, such as rhinovirus, respirovirus, dependoparvovirus, and a novel gemykibvirus, were also detected in the BALF of the disease cohort. Conclusions This cross-sectional research highlighted the respiratory virome characteristics of school-aged children with MPI after the COVID-19 outbreak and provided important epidemiological information. Further investigation into the impact of various microorganisms on diseases will aid in developing clinical treatment strategies.
Enhancing Prediction of Magnetic Properties in Additive Manufacturing Products through a 3D Convolutional Vision Transformer Model
Authors: Horng Ming-Huwi , Chang Lien-Kai , Chen Po-Chun , Tsai Mi-Ching , Lee Rong-Mao , Huang Jhih-Cheng , Chang Tsung-Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

With the advancement of metal additive manufacturing technology, selective laser melting (SLM) has gained significant prominence in industrial manufacturing. However, traditional methods for measuring magnetic properties need to improve efficiency and accuracy for modern manufacturing demands. This study employs a 3D convolutional vision transformer (3D-CvT) model to rapidly and accurately predict magnetic properties in products created through the SLM process.
The 3D-CvT model merges the advantages of convolutional neural networks and vision transformer, enhancing the understanding of spatial and feature information. As a result, it achieves higher accuracy and efficiency in predicting magnetic properties compared to traditional machine learning methods. Utilizing heatmap technology, this model visually displays areas of the image that significantly impact prediction outcomes. These heat maps facilitate an effective understanding of how image features influence the magnetic properties of the products.
Experiments were conducted on 200 specimens, with the results indicating that the 3D-CvT model's predictions showed low mean square error (MSE), low mean absolute error (MAE), and high R-squared (R2) values compared to the actual measured values (ground truth). This indicates strong consistency between the predicted and measured magnetic properties. Additionally, a Student's t-test was performed, and the corresponding p-values exceeded 0.05, suggesting no statistically significant difference between the predicted and actual measured values for the target population.
Enhanced light retrieval from a memory based on interfering recoil-induced resonances
Authors: Carvalho João Carlos de Aquino , Moreira Raoni , Tabosa Jose 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We report on the observation of efficient light storage based on recoil-induced resonances and the associated generation of forward four-wave mixing signal. We use a strong coupling beam red-detuned from the closed transition $6S_{1/2}, F=4\rightarrow6P_{3/2}, F^{\prime}=5$ of cold cesium atom and a two-mode probe beam, whose frequency can be scanned around the coupling beam frequency. First, we demonstrate the coherent phase transfer from one mode component of the probe beam to the corresponding forward generated four-wave mixing beam. We then explore the coherent nature of the stored optical information to retrieve the two-mode probe energy with an efficiency 3.5 fold higher as compared with the total retrieved energy efficiency associated with the case where each mode component of the probe acts separately. Finally, we discuss a possible application of our experimental scheme and observed effects to investigate squeezing and quantum photon correlations.
Effects of resistance training and high-intensity interval training on lipid profiles and liver biomarkers in men with NAFLD
Authors: daramali Pardis Fazli , Heidarianpour Ali , Siavoshy Hojjatollah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of combined training on biomarkers of liver damage in men with NAFLD.
Methods
Twenty men (38.50 ± 5.52 years, 93.70 ± 11.32 kg) with NAFLD were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group included combined resistance training (RT) with an intensity of 60–75% of the 1RM, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with an intensity of 84% of the maximum heart rate, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The exercise program included 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week (2 sessions of resistance training, 1 session of HIIT training) and 40–60 minutes in each session. Blood biochemical factors, including omentin-1 and fetuin-B, and liver enzymes, including ALT, AST, ALP, lipid profile (triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), waist‒hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage (BFR), were measured before and after the protocol. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used, with pretest values used as covariate variables.
Results
Serum levels of omentin-1 increased significantly, and significant increases in liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, weight, BMI, WHR, BFR, and Vo2max were observed.
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that 12 weeks of combined training led to improvements in the lipid profile and liver enzyme levels, which can have a positive effect on NAFLD.
The impact of cultivation technology elements on the productivity of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) variety ‘Hoverla’ in the Prykarpattia region
Authors: Kunychak H. I. , Dutchak O. V. , Matviiets V. H. , Matviiets N. M. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose. To study the formation of the productivity of the ‘Hoverla’ soybean variety using different elements of cultivation technology. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical (calculation­comparative, mathematical­statistical). Results. The effectiveness of spring chisel ploughing for the cultivation of the soyabean variety ‘Hoverla’ in the soil and climatic conditions of the Prykarpattia region was established. The positive effect of the studied tillage methods on the phytosanitary condition of the crop was noted. In particular, the combination of autumn ploughing and spring chisel ploughing with the application of N30P30K30 mineral fertiliser and double foliar spraying of crops with a growth regulator led to an increase in the competitiveness of plants against weeds and reduced the number of weeds by 46.2% compared to the control. The implementation of the above measures also contributed to an increase in yield to 2.48 t/ha, or 57.0% on average over three years. At the same time, the yield of forage units and digestible protein increased by 1.35 and 0.3 t/ha respectively. Conclusions. Spring chisel ploughing, together with autumn ploughing and a rational combination of the predecessor’s by­products, the proposed doses of mineral fertiliser and growth regulator in the conditions of the Prykarpattia region, helped to reduce the weediness of crops by 46.2% and increase the yield of the ‘Ho­verla’ soybean variety by 57.0%.
Flood risk assessment of the Narmada Basin, India, under climate change scenarios
Authors: Chowdhury Nirmalya , Choudhary Mahender 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Climate change has led to a significant rise in the occurrence of extreme events such as floods and droughts. It is essential to accurately assess the hazards linked to climate change to effectively tackle flood risks in the future. This study investigates the risk of flooding in the Narmada Basin under climate change scenarios. Future precipitation data of global climate models are used to create intensity–duration–frequency curves and peak flows are estimated using a hydrological model. These peak flows serve as inputs for the hydraulic model to simulate floods across various return periods. The fuzzy inference system (FIS) is employed to optimize releases and reduce peak flows to mitigate flood impacts. The findings indicate that the extent of flooding and maximum water depths increase with higher return periods and future scenarios, and optimizing the reservoir releases, decreases the extent of flooding. This decrease in inundation area ranges from approximately 9 to 10% in the Bargi-to-Indira Sagar section to 20–23% in the Indira Sagar-to-Omkareshwar Sagar segment. In the Omkareshwar Sagar-to-Sardar Sarovar segment, the flooded area diminishes by 17–18% under the Radioactive Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and by 12–14% under the RCP 8.5 scenarios.