bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Characteristic of Projectile Fragments Dispersion Based on Fragment Warhead Design
Authors: Li Yong , Chen Dong , Jiang Ming , Tian Zonghao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dispersion of fragments of projectiles is an important factor affecting the lethal efficiency of projectiles and one of the main objectives of optimal design of fragmented warheads. By using Taylor angle approximation, Shapiro formula and experimental measurement, the fragment dispersion characteristics are analyzed. The results show that if the mass of metal plate (fragments) detonated by explosive is constant, the characteristics of fragments scattering are basically determined; for a certain structure of shell warhead, the direction of fragments scattering is related to the initiation position and the direction of detonation wave propagation; and by marking the size of the dispersing sector, the range of fragments scattering can be determined.
Practical Exploration of Association Rules Mining Algorithm in Open Education
Authors: Huang Shaozhen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Open education is a new type of education, which is produced along with the development of modern information technology. It is a teaching model based on modern information technology. With the continuous reform of China’s education system, the autonomy of students in major colleges and universities is increasing. However, because students do not understand the course, it is very difficult to select courses. Therefore, it is especially important to excavate the university teaching platform database. This paper briefly introduces the concept of association rules mining algorithm, mainly studies the application of association rules mining algorithm in the open education learning system, in order to provide meaningful guidance for students’ elective courses, thus improving students’ academic performance.
pH-dependent effects of procaine on equine gamete activation†
Authors: Leemans Bart , Stout Tom A E , Soom Ann Van , Gadella Bart M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProcaine directly triggers pH-dependent cytokinesis in equine oocytes and induces hypermotility in stallion spermatozoa, an important event during capacitation. However, procaine-induced hyperactivated motility is abolished when sperm is washed to remove the procaine prior to sperm-oocyte co-incubation. To understand how procaine exerts its effects, the external Ca2+ and Na+ and weak base activity dependency of procaine-induced hyperactivation in stallion spermatozoa was assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Percoll-washed stallion spermatozoa exposed to Ca2+-depleted (+2 mM EGTA) procaine-supplemented capacitating medium (CM) still demonstrated hyperactivated motility, whereas CM without NaCl or Na+ did not. Both procaine and NH4Cl, another weak base, were shown to trigger a cytoplasmic pH increase (BCECF-acetoxymethyl (AM)), which is primarily induced by a pH rise in acidic cell organelles (Lysosensor green dnd-189), accompanied by hypermotility in stallion sperm. As for procaine, 25 mM NH4Cl also induced oocyte cytokinesis. Interestingly, hyperactivated motility was reliably induced by 2.5–10 mM procaine, whereas a significant cytoplasmic cAMP increase and tail-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation were only observed at 10 mM. Moreover, 25 mM NH4Cl did not support the latter capacitation characteristics. Additionally, cAMP levels were more than 10× higher in boar than stallion sperm incubated under similar capacitating conditions. Finally, stallion sperm preincubated with 10 mM procaine did not fertilize equine oocytes. In conclusion, 10 mM procaine causes a cytoplasmic and acidic sperm cell organelle pH rise that simultaneously induces hyperactivated motility, increased levels of cAMP and tail-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in stallion spermatozoa. However, procaine-induced hypermotility is independent of the cAMP/protein tyrosine phosphorylation pathway.
Hematogenous dissemination of Chlamydia muridarum from the urethra in macrophages causes testicular infection and sperm DNA damage†
Authors: Bryan Emily R , Kollipara Avinash , Trim Logan K , Armitage Charles W , Carey Alison J , Mihalas Bettina , Redgrove Kate A , McLaughlin Eileen A , Beagley Kenneth W 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe incidence of Chlamydia infection, in both females and males, is increasing worldwide. Male infections have been associated clinically with urethritis, epididymitis, and orchitis, believed to be caused by ascending infection, although the impact of infection on male fertility remains controversial. Using a mouse model of male chlamydial infection, we show that all the major testicular cell populations, germ cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and testicular macrophages can be productively infected. Furthermore, sperm isolated from vas deferens of infected mice also had increased levels of DNA damage as early as 4 weeks post-infection. Bilateral vasectomy, prior to infection, did not affect the chlamydial load recovered from testes at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-infection, and Chlamydia-infected macrophages were detectable in blood and the testes as soon as 3 days post-infection. Partial depletion of macrophages with clodronate liposomes significantly reduced the testicular chlamydial burden, consistent with a hematogenous route of infection, with Chlamydia transported to the testes in infected macrophages. These data suggest that macrophages serve as Trojan horses, transporting Chlamydia from the penile urethra to the testes within 3 days of infection, bypassing the entire male reproductive tract. In the testes, infected macrophages likely transfer infection to Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells, causing sperm DNA damage and impaired spermatogenesis.
COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5, an IFT20 binding partner, is essential to maintain male germ cell survival and acrosome biogenesis†
Authors: Huang Qian , Liu Hong , Zeng Jing , Li Wei , Zhang Shiyang , Zhang Ling , Song Shizhen , Zhou Ting , Sutovsky Miriam , Sutovsky Peter , Pardi Ruggero , Hess Rex A , Zhang Zhibing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntraflagellar transport protein 20 (IFT20) is essential for spermatogenesis in mice. We discovered that COPS5 was a major binding partner of IFT20. COPS5 is the fifth component of the constitutive photomorphogenic-9 signalosome (COP9), which is involved in protein ubiquitination and degradation. COPS5 is highly abundant in mouse testis. Mice deficiency in COPS5 specifically in male germ cells showed dramatically reduced sperm numbers and were infertile. Testis weight was about one third compared to control adult mice, and germ cells underwent significant apoptosis at a premeiotic stage. Testicular poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, a protein that helps cells to maintain viability, was dramatically decreased, and Caspase-3, a critical executioner of apoptosis, was increased in the mutant mice. Expression level of FANK1, a known COPS5 binding partner, and a key germ cell apoptosis regulator was also reduced. An acrosome marker, lectin PNA, was nearly absent in the few surviving spermatids, and expression level of sperm acrosome associated 1, another acrosomal component was significantly reduced. IFT20 expression level was significantly reduced in the Cops5 knockout mice, and it was no longer present in the acrosome, but remained in the Golgi apparatus of spermatocytes. In the conditional Ift20 mutant mice, COPS5 localization and testicular expression levels were not changed. COP9 has been shown to be involved in multiple signal pathways, particularly functioning as a co-factor for protein ubiquitination. COPS5 is believed to maintain normal spermatogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including maintaining male germ cell survival and acrosome biogenesis, possibly by modulating protein ubiquitination.
EACVI survey on multimodality training in ESC countries
Authors: Cameli Matteo , Marsan Nina Ajmone , D’Andrea Antonello , Dweck Marc R , Fontes-Carvalho Ricardo , Manka Robert , Michalski Blazej , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Sitges Marta , Popescu Bogdan A , Edvardsen Thor , Fox Kevin F , Haugaa Kristina H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of the missions of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is ‘to promote excellence in clinical diagnosis, research, technical development, and education in cardiovascular imaging’. The future of imaging involves multimodality so each imager should have the incentive and the possibility to improve its knowledge in other cardiovascular techniques. This article presents the results of a 20 questions survey carried out in cardiovascular imaging (CVI) centres across Europe. The aim of the survey was to assess the situation of experience and training of CVI in Europe, the availability and organization of modalities in each centre and to ask for vision about potential improvements in CVI at national and European level.
Intraspecific Variation in Protists: Clues for Microevolution from Poteriospumella lacustris (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Majda Stephan , Boenigk Jens , Beisser Daniela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpecies delimitation in protists is still a challenge, attributable to the fact that protists are small, difficult to observe and many taxa are poor in morphological characters, whereas most current phylogenetic approaches only use few marker genes to measure genetic diversity. To address this problem, we assess genome-level divergence and microevolution in strains of the protist Poteriospumella lacustris, one of the first free-living, nonmodel organisms to study genome-wide intraspecific variation.Poteriospumella lacustris is a freshwater protist belonging to the Chrysophyceae with an assumed worldwide distribution. We examined three strains from different geographic regions (New Zealand, China, and Austria) by sequencing their genomes with the Illumina and PacBio platforms.The assembled genomes were small with 49–55 Mb but gene-rich with 16,000–19,000 genes, of which ∼8,000 genes could be assigned to functional categories. At least 68% of these genes were shared by all three species. Genetic variation occurred predominantly in genes presumably involved in ecological niche adaptation. Most surprisingly, we detected differences in genome ploidy between the strains (diploidy, triploidy, and tetraploidy).In analyzing intraspecific variation, several mechanisms of diversification were identified including SNPs, change of ploidy and genome size reduction.
A Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure–Response Model of Golimumab for Targeting Endoscopic Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dreesen Erwin , Kantasiripitak Wannee , Detrez Iris , Stefanović Sebastian , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc , Bouillon Thomas , Drobne David , Gils Ann 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Unlike other anti–tumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies, golimumab does not deliver on its promise of effectiveness for treating patients with ulcerative colitis. We investigated the value of therapeutic drug monitoring for optimizing golimumab therapy.

Methods
We analyzed the golimumab pharmacokinetics data of 56 patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Induction and maintenance golimumab concentrations (296 venipuncture, 414 serum) were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model. Exposure–response relationships were analyzed using the data of 40/56 patients with available endoscopy data. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed, and an exposure–response Markov model was developed, linking golimumab exposure to probabilities of transitioning between Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) states from baseline to week (w)14.

Results
Golimumab pharmacokinetics was best described by a 2-compartment model with linear absorption and elimination. Antibodies to golimumab and previous biological therapy reduced golimumab exposure. Still, interindividual pharmacokinetic variability (IIVPK) remained largely unexplained. Endoscopic remission (ER; MESw14 ≤ 1) was achieved in 14/40 (35%) patients. Golimumab serum trough concentration thresholds of 7.4 mg/L (w6) and 3.2 mg/L (w14) predicted ER at w14 (positive predictive values [pv+] 83% and 91%, pv- 82% and 67%, respectively). The 3.2-mg/L target predicted 38% and 44% chances of achieving ER in patients with MESbaseline of 3 and 2, respectively.

Conclusions
Personalized, model-based induction dosing aiming at here-established target concentrations may account for IIVPK and thus provide patients with more equal chances of achieving ER. As <50% of patients attained the exposure targets, higher golimumab induction dosing requires investigation to secure its future in clinical practice.
International Relations/Black Internationalism: Reimagining Teaching and Learning about Global Politics
Authors: Koomen Jonneke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA growing body of critical scholarship interrogates racism in international relations. Yet many introductory undergraduate courses reproduce the colonial and racist foundations and practices of the discipline for new students of global politics. This article argues that, to engage seriously racism in international relations, scholars must rethink undergraduate curriculum and pedagogy. To this end, I offer an alternative model of teaching introductory international relations courses. I propose reading the disciplinary canon alongside, through, and against the texts of Black internationalists. This diverse intellectual and political tradition provides ways to (re)claim the study of race, racism, and Black liberation struggles as international politics. In doing so, Black internationalism allows international relations scholars to radically rethink our curricula, our classrooms, our pedagogy, and the politics of knowledge-making more broadly.
Estimation of indirect social genetic effects for skin lesion count in group-housed pigs by quantifying behavioral interactions1
Authors: Angarita Belcy K , Cantet Rodolfo J C , Wurtz Kaitlin E , O’Malley Carly I , Siegford Janice M , Ernst Catherine W , Turner Simon P , Steibel Juan P 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMixing of pigs into new social groups commonly induces aggressive interactions that result in skin lesions on the body of the animals. The relationship between skin lesions and aggressive behavioral interactions in group-housed pigs can be analyzed within the framework of social genetic effects (SGE). This study incorporates the quantification of aggressive interactions between pairs of animals in the modeling of SGE for skin lesions in different regions of the body in growing pigs. The dataset included 792 pigs housed in 59 pens. Skin lesions in the anterior, central, and caudal regions of the body were counted 24 h after pig mixing. Animals were video-recorded for 9 h postmixing and trained observers recorded the type and duration of aggressive interactions between pairs of animals. The number of seconds that pairs of pigs spent engaged in reciprocal fights and unilateral attack behaviors were used to parametrize the intensity of social interactions (ISI). Three types of models were fitted: direct genetic additive model (DGE), traditional social genetic effect model (TSGE) assuming uniform interactions between dyads, and an intensity-based social genetic effect model (ISGE) that used ISI to parameterize SGE. All models included fixed effects of sex, replicate, lesion scorer, weight at mixing, premixing lesion count, and the total time that the animal spent engaged in aggressive interactions (reciprocal fights and unilateral attack behaviors) as a covariate; a random effect of pen; and a random direct genetic effect. The ISGE models recovered more direct genetic variance than DGE and TSGE, and the estimated heritabilities (h^D2) were highest for all traits (P &lt; 0.01) for the ISGE with ISI parametrized with unilateral attack behavior. The TSGE produced estimates that did not differ significantly from DGE (P &gt; 0.5). Incorporating the ISI into ISGE, even in a small dataset, allowed separate estimation of the genetic parameters for direct and SGE, as well as the genetic correlation between direct and SGE (r^ds), which was positive for all lesion traits. The estimates from ISGE suggest that if behavioral observations are available, selection incorporating SGE may reduce the consequences of aggressive behaviors after mixing pigs.
‘Gopāl is my Baby’: Vulnerable Deities and Maternal Love at Bengali Home Shrines
Authors: Andrews Ashlee Norene 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article utilises interviews I completed with Hindu Bengali women in Kolkata, India, concerning their practices of domestic shrine care and worship. I illustrate how the loving relationship women build between themselves and their domestic deities—a relationship women describe as the marker of bhakti—is fomented through their daily caretaking of deities such as Gopāl, the toddler form of Kṛṣṇa found in many Kolkatan home shrines. While male Brahmin priests oversee pūjā in Kolkata’s Hindu temples, it is often the mothers, daughters, and daughters-in-laws that are responsible for the care and daily worship of the domestic shrine, where such work is deemed ‘a woman’s duty’ and is assimilated within the domestic responsibilities that Bengali women traditionally undertake. Household shrine care and worship varies but generally consists of acts that one might show to a beloved family member such as feeding and offering water; cleansing, dressing and adorning; gift-giving; decorating a comfortable living space; and waking and putting to sleep. Bengali women explained to me their authority over the domestic shrine by citing their maternal capacity to love to suggested that they were more apt and skilled than men to care for the physically vulnerable deities at home. When noting this, they often mentioned the needs of the child-god Gopāl and their feelings of maternal love and devotion that his presence evokes within them through his depiction as a chubby toddler, crawling on his hands and knees with one hand that is extended outwards; much like a child asking to hold the hand of his parent. This article examines how both the familial necessity of caretaking demanded by the home deity and the imagining of the deity as physically vulnerable promote the development of this bhakti relationship between the female devotee and deity within the contemporary Bengali home.
A prospective multicentre feasibility study of stereotactic body radiotherapy in Japanese patients with spinal metastases
Authors: Ito Kei , Furuya Tomohisa , Shikama Naoto , Nihei Keiji , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kumazaki Yu , Nishimura Hideki , Karasawa Katsuyuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Stereotactic body radiotherapy has emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional radiotherapy for spinal metastases. However, it has limitations, including the need for advanced techniques and specific adverse effects. The present trial aimed to validate the feasibility and safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy in Japanese patients with spinal metastases.

Methods
Patients with one or two spinal metastases received stereotactic body radiotherapy of 24 Gy in two fractions. The primary endpoint was the proportion of severe adverse effects (≥ grade 3) in patients within 6 months after spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. Adverse effects were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. The treatment protocol was considered feasible and tolerable if the proportion of severe adverse effects was 10% or less.

Results
Overall, 20 spinal segments in 20 patients who registered between March 2014 and October 2015 were included. Minor and major deviations were observed in the planning of 2 and 0 cases, respectively. The treatment completion rate was 100%. The median follow-up after registration was 24.5 (range: 1–61) months. Although four patients experienced acute grade 2 adverse effects, no grade 3 or higher adverse effects were observed within 6 months after spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. Vertebral compression fractures were observed in two patients (14 and 16 months after stereotactic body radiotherapy). The local control and pain response rates at 6 months were 100 and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of spine stereotactic body radiotherapy in Japanese patients with spinal metastases.
Unusual osseous metaplasia following hernia repair with Prolene mesh: a case report
Authors: Nasralla Awrad , Tsang Bonnie 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The use of Prolene mesh for repair of various hernias is very common. As with any surgical procedure, it can be associated with complications such as seroma, hematoma and wound infection. However, it is uncommon to develop heterotopic ossification following incisional hernia repair with Prolene mesh. Herein, we report a case with chronic abdominal pain secondary to heterotopic ossification occurring after incisional hernia repair with Prolene mesh. It is crucial to report uncommon reactions to the mesh in order to aid in diagnosis of unexplained abdominal pain post hernia repair, after common etiologies are ruled out.
Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits: a nephrologist perspective
Authors: Bridoux Frank , Javaugue Vincent , Nasr Samih H , Leung Nelson 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMIDs) is a recently described entity among the spectrum of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). The disease is renal limited and manifests with chronic glomerular disease, altered renal function and albuminuria, sometimes in the nephrotic range. Acute nephritic syndrome is rare. PGNMID occurs mostly in the sixth decade, but it may affect young adults. Histologically, PGNMID is characterized predominantly by membranoproliferative GN and less frequently by diffuse endocapillary GN, mesangioproliferative GN or atypical membranous GN. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies are the cornerstone of diagnosis, showing granular deposits involving glomeruli only, and composed of monotypic immunoglobulin G (IgG), with a single heavy chain subclass (most commonly IgG3) and light chain (LC) restriction (usually κ), admixed with complement deposits. PGNMID variants with monotypic LC-only, IgA or IgM deposits are uncommon. Ultrastructurally, deposits are amorphous with predominant subendothelial and mesangial distribution. PGNMID should be distinguished from type 1 cryoglobulinemic GN and immunotactoid GN, which share some common pathological features. Contrary to other MGRS lesions, the rate of detection of the nephrotoxic monoclonal Ig in the serum or urine, and of an abnormal bone marrow B-cell clone, is only ∼30%. Renal prognosis is poor, with progression to end-stage renal disease in 25% of patients within 30 months and frequent early recurrence on the renal allograft. The pathophysiology of PGNMID is unclear and its treatment remains challenging. However, recent studies indicate that clone-targeted chemotherapy may significantly improve renal outcomes, opening future perspectives for the management of this rare disease.