bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five-year Changes in Methamphetamine Use, Dependence, and Remission in a Community-recruited Cohort
Authors: Lanyon Chloe , Nambiar Dhanya , Higgs Peter , Dietze Paul , Quinn Brendan 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Investigate patterns of methamphetamine use over time, specifically factors associated with remission from dependent and harmful patterns of use; and examine drug treatment and health/support service utilization pathways among people who use methamphetamine.

Methods:
People who regularly use methamphetamine were recruited from nontreatment settings in Melbourne, Australia, in 2010, and followed up twice over 5 years. Trajectories of past-month methamphetamine use and methamphetamine dependence were mapped. Random-effects logistic regression modeling identified factors associated with these outcomes.

Results:
Overall, past-month methamphetamine use and methamphetamine dependence decreased among the cohort over the study period. Variability in methamphetamine use and dependence trajectories was observed; 56% of participants achieved past-month abstinence; however, 14% subsequently relapsed and 44% reported past-month use at every time-point. During the study period, 27% of participants were never classified methamphetamine-dependent, 30% remitted from dependence, and 23% were consistently classified dependent. Factors independently associated with past-month methamphetamine use included male sex and poor physical health. Factors independently associated with methamphetamine dependence included poor physical health, low self-perceived social support, current mental health medication prescription, and current engagement with drug treatment services for methamphetamine use. Engagement with treatment and health/support services remained low (12%–22%) over the study period.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate people who remit from methamphetamine dependence, reduce their frequency of use or cease entirely can maintain this over long periods. Initiatives addressing social determinants of health could be optimal for combating methamphetamine dependence. Community-based frontline service providers should be educated in relation to appropriately addressing methamphetamine use.
Total Intravenous Anesthesia versus Inhalation Anesthesia for Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Yoo Seokha , Lee Han-Byoel , Han Wonshik , Noh Dong-Young , Park Sun-Kyung , Kim Won Ho , Kim Jin-Tae 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE

What We Know about This Topic
IV anesthesia may impair anticancer immunity less than volatile anesthesia and therefore reduce recurrence risk

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
In a large propensity-matched retrospective cohort analysis, the authors compared total IV and volatile anesthesia for breast cancer surgery
Recurrence hazard was similar with each approach
Selection of IV or volatile anesthesia should be based on factors other than cancer recurrence

Background
The association between type of anesthesia used and recurrence of cancer remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study compared the influence of total IV anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia on the primary outcome of recurrence-free survival after breast cancer surgery.

Methods
The authors reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who had breast cancer surgery at a tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2005 and December 2013. The patients were grouped according to whether IV or inhalation anesthesia was used for surgery. Propensity score matching was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed to evaluate the influence of type of anesthesia on recurrence-free survival and overall survival. The risks of cancer recurrence and all-cause mortality were compared between each type of anesthesia.

Results
Of 7,678 patients who had breast cancer surgery during the study period, data for 5,331 patients were available for analysis (IV group, n = 3,085; inhalation group, n = 2,246). After propensity score matching, 1,766 patients remained in each group. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that there was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival or overall survival between the two groups, with 5-yr recurrence-free survival rates of 93.2% (95% CI, 91.9 to 94.5) in the IV group and 93.8% (95% CI, 92.6 to 95.1) in the inhalation group. Inhalation anesthesia had no significant impact on recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.32; P = 0.782) or overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.33, P = 0.805) when compared with total IV anesthesia.

Conclusions
The authors found no association between type of anesthesia used and the long-term prognosis of breast cancer. The results of this retrospective cohort study do not suggest specific selection of IV or inhalation anesthesia for breast cancer surgery.
Organ System Anomalies Associated With Congenital Scoliosis: A Retrospective Study of 305 Patients
Authors: Furdock Ryan , Brouillet Kirsten , Luhmann Scott J. 
Published: October 2018

Design:
Retrospective analyses of congenital scoliosis patients at 2 tertiary care pediatric hospitals.

Objective:
This study objectives were (1) to report the rates of anomalies of 10 organ systems in congenital scoliosis patients and (2) to determine whether the presence of a single organ system anomaly increases the rate of nonspinal organ system defects.

Summary of Background Data:
Intraspinal, cardiac, renal, and gastrointestinal anomalies have been reported to occur at higher rates in congenital scoliosis than the normal population. It is unknown whether the presence of 1 organ system defect increases the risk of nonspinal organ system anomalies.

Methods:
All patients diagnosed, evaluated in the outpatient setting, with congenital scoliosis who were below 18 years of age at time of presentation with available cardiac echo, renal ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study.

Results:
There were 305 patients (161 females, 53%) whose mean age was 7+3 years. In total, 84% of patients were observed to have at least 1 organ defect. Overall, 22% of patients had 1 organ defect, 19% had 2, 18% had 3, and 18% had ≥4 organ defects. There was an average of 2.2 anomalies per patient (range=0 to 8). Intraspinal anomalies were documented in 43% of patients; syrinx occurred most frequently. Urogenital anomalies were documented in 39% of patients; solitary kidney was most prevalent. Cardiac anomalies were documented in 54% of patients; ventricular septal defect was most common. In 12% of patients, the triad of spinal, urogenital, and cardiac defects was observed. Multiple organ systems were found to have significant associations (P<0.05) in anomaly development.

Conclusions:
Cardiac anomalies were the most common defect (54%), and occurred at a rate >2 times higher than previously reported. The high rate of intraspinal, cardiac, and urogenital defects makes magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, and renal ultrasound a critical part of evaluation for all congenital scoliosis patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Clinical Reasoning and Knowledge Organization: Bridging the Gap Between Medical Education and Neurocognitive Science
Authors: Longo Palma J. , Orcutt Venetia L. , James Kassidy , Kane John , Coleman Veronica 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this pilot study was 2-fold. The first was to investigate the conceptual relationship between previously validated methodologies. The second was to establish a linkage between medical education research and current neurocognitive science that accounts for knowledge organization during the clinical reasoning process.

Methods
Transcripts of Think Aloud interviews conducted after an objective structured clinical examination (n = 12) were coded and analyzed into 3 clinical reasoning competencies (semantic, diagnostic, and knowledge network organization). Correlational analyses were conducted to establish relationships between the 2 methodologies. Analyses of variance examined group differences.

Results
Significant correlations with large effect sizes were found between semantic, diagnostic, and knowledge network organization variables. Analysis of variance results approach significant difference in the knowledge network organization between weak versus strong diagnosticians.

Conclusions
Knowledge network organization measurement can be used to discern differences in clinical reasoning and may offer explanations for the variation in health professionals' diagnostic performance.
Endoscopic Removal of an Epithelial Cyst of the Zygoma
Authors: Fontenot Miles R. , Tolisano Anthony M. , Kutz Joe Walter 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study elaborates a brief overview of epithelial cysts in the bones of the skull and describes an unusual patient with an epidermoid cyst of the zygoma. This report focuses on an endoscopic preauricular infratemporal fossa approach for resection of a left epidermoid cyst of the zygoma. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography imaging as well as intraoperative endoscopic images and movie were demonstrated. The epithelial cyst was successfully removed from the patient using a minimally invasive approach utilizing endoscopes. No complications were encountered. The possible causes of this rare presentation and minimal surgical removal utilizing endoscopes were discussed in this study. According to the authors, this is the first reported study of endoscopic removal of an epidermoid cyst from the zygomatic root. The patient's previous surgical history of a tympanoplasty could have contributed to the unusual location of the lesion.
A Standardized Perioperative Clinical Pathway for Uncomplicated Craniosynostosis Repair Is Associated With Reduced Hospital Resource Utilization
Authors: Lin Lawrence O. , McKenna Rachel A. , Zhang Rosaline S. , Hoppe Ian C. , Swanson Jordan W. , Bartlett Scott P. , Taylor Jesse A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Hospital resource overutilization can significantly disrupt patient treatment such as cancelling surgical patients due to a lack of intensive care unit (ICU) space. The authors describe a clinical pathway (CP) designed to reduce ICU length of stay (LOS) for nonsyndromic single-suture craniosynostosis (nsSSC) patients undergoing cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) in order to minimize surgical disruptions and improve patient outcomes.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team implemented a perioperative CP including scheduled laboratory testing to decrease ICU LOS. Hospital and ICU LOS, interventions, and perioperative morbidity—infection rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and unplanned return to the operating room (OR)—were compared using Mann–Whitney U, Fisher exact, and t tests.

Results:
Fifty-one ICU admissions were managed with the standardized CP and compared to 49 admissions in the 12 months prior to pathway implementation. There was a significant reduction in ICU LOS (control: mean 1.84 ± 0.93, median 1.89 ± 0.94; CP: mean 1.15 ± 0.34, median 1.03 ± 0.34 days; P < 0.001 for both). There were similar rates of hypotension requiring intervention (CP: 2, control: 1; P = 0.999), postoperative transfusion (CP: 3, control: 0; P = 0.243), and artificial ventilation (CP: 1, control: 0; P = 0.999). Perioperative morbidity such as infection (CP: 1, control: 0; P = 0.999), return to the OR (CP: 1, control: 0; P = 0.999), and CSF leak (no leaks; P = 0.999) was also similar.

Conclusion:
Implementation of a standardized perioperative CP for nsSSC patients resulted in a significantly shorter ICU LOS without a measured change in perioperative morbidity. Pathways such as the one described that improve patient throughput and decrease resource utilization benefit craniofacial teams in conducting an efficient service while providing high-quality care.
Characterizing the underlying diagnoses for exploratory laparotomies to improve risk-adjustment models of postoperative mortality
Authors: Mehta Ambar , Lunardi Nicole , Efron David T. , Joseph Bellal A. , Steven Kent A. , Manukyan Mariuxi , Fakhry Samir M. , Sakran Joseph V. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND
Surgeons perform emergent exploratory laparotomies (ex-laps) for a myriad of surgical diagnoses. We characterized common diagnoses for which emergent ex-laps were performed and leveraged these groups to improve risk-adjustment models for postoperative mortality.

METHODS
Using American Association for the Surgery of Trauma criteria, we identified hospitalizations where the primary procedure was an emergent ex-lap in the 2012 to 2014 (derivation cohort) and 2015 (validation cohort) Nationwide Inpatient Sample. After tabulating all International Classification of Diseases—9th Rev.—Clinical Modification diagnosis codes within these hospitalizations, we divided them into clinically relevant groups. Using two stepwise regression paradigms—forward selection and backward elimination—we identified diagnostic groups significantly associated with postoperative mortality in multivariable logistic regressions. We evaluated the addition of these groups as individual covariates in risk-adjustment models for postoperative mortality using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. All regressions additionally adjusted for clinical factors and hospital clustering.

RESULTS
We identified 4127 patients in the derivation cohort (median age, 50 years; 46.0% female; 62.1% white), with an overall mortality rate of 13.4%. Among all patients, we tabulated a total of 164 diagnosis codes, of which 27 (16.5%) may have led to an emergent ex-lap. These 27 codes clinically represented seven diagnostic categories, which captured a majority of the patients (70.4%). Backward elimination and forward selection led to four common diagnosis categories associated with mortality: bleeding, obstruction, shock, and ischemia. Adjusting for these four diagnostic groups in a multivariable logistic regression assessing postoperative mortality increased the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve from 74.5% to 88.2% in the derivation cohort and from 73.8% to 88.2% in the validation cohort.

CONCLUSION
Seven diagnostic groups account for the majority of the emergent ex-laps. Adjusting for four groups may improve the accuracy of risk-adjustment models for mortality and validating such analytic standardization may optimize best research practices for EGS procedures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiologic, Level III.
Impact of physical and cognitive exertion on cognitive control
Authors: Davranche Karen , Tempest Gavin D , Gajdos Thibault , Radel Rémi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn a recent study, the differential effects of prolonged physiologically challenging 4 exercise upon two executive processes (cognitive control and working memory) have been 5 investigated. However, the impact of exercise on the selective inhibition task remained debatable and needed further analysis to dissociate the effects induced by exercise intensity from those induced by the time spent on task upon cognitive control outcomes. In this study we propose a thorough analysis of these data, using a generalized mixed model on a trial-by-9 trial basis and a new measure of the strength of the automatic response based on reaction time distribution, to disentangle the effect of physical fatigue from cognitive fatigue. Despite the prolonged duration of exercise, no decline in cognitive performance was found in response to physical fatigue. The only change observed over the 60-min exercise was an acceleration of the correct trials and an increase of errors for incompatible trials. This pattern, similar in both exercise conditions, supports the occurrence of cognitive fatigue induced by the repetition of the cognitive tasks over time.
Design Guidelines For Sequestration Feedback Networks
Authors: Baetica Ania-Ariadna , Leong Yoke Peng , Olsman Noah , Murray Richard M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntegral control is commonly used in mechanical and electrical systems to ensure perfect adaptation. A proposed design of integral control for synthetic biological systems employs the sequestration of two biochemical controller species. The unbound amount of controller species captures the integral of the error between the current and the desired state of the system. However, implementing integral control inside bacterial cells using sequestration feedback has been challenging due to the controller molecules being degraded and diluted. Furthermore, integral control can only be achieved under stability conditions that not all sequestration feedback networks fulfill. In this work, we give guidelines for ensuring stability and good performance (small steady-state error) in sequestration feedback networks. Our guidelines provide simple tuning options to obtain a flexible and practical biological implementation of sequestration feedback control. Using tools and metrics from control theory, we pave the path for the systematic design of synthetic biological circuits.
Are veterinary clinical manuscripts published more slowly than medical or scientific counterparts? A comparative observational study
Authors: Rishniw Mark , white Maurice E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPublication speeds of clinically relevant veterinary journals have not been evaluated.METHODSWe compared 23 prominent veterinary journals to 11 comparable medical and 4 high-impact science journals and examined select factors that might affect these speeds. Submission date, acceptance date and first online publication date were recorded for 50 sequentially identified research articles from each journal that had been published immediately prior to April 26, 2018. Intervals from submission to acceptance, acceptance to publication, and submission to publication were calculated in days for each article. Data were compared visually across all journals, and statistically by field (veterinary, medical, high-impact), by impact factor and by publisher (commercial vs society) to identify trends or differences in publication intervals.RESULTSWhen assessed by field, intervals from submission to acceptance (p=0.18), acceptance to publication (p=0.75) and submission to publication (p=0.13) did not differ. Individual journals varied slightly in intervals from submission to acceptance, but varied markedly in intervals from acceptance to publication. Three journals had median intervals from acceptance to publication exceeding 135 days and two exceeding 500 days. Three journals had median intervals from submission to publication exceeding 550 days. Neither impact factor nor publication model affected any intervals. Intervals from submission to acceptance and acceptance to publication were positively associated with overall interval from submission to publication (rho=0.7, P<0.0001 for both associations).CONCLUSIONSIntervals from submission to acceptance for veterinary journals are like those for medical and high-impact journals, suggesting that the review process is similar across fields. However, several veterinary journals have intervals from acceptance to publication approaching 18 months.
Neutralization of a Distributed Coulombic Switch Precisely Tunes Reflectin Assembly
Authors: Levenson Robert , Bracken Colton , Sharma Cristian , Santos Jerome , Arata Claire , Kohl Phillip , Li Youli , Morse Daniel E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReflectin proteins are widely distributed in reflective structures in cephalopods, but only in Loliginid squids are they and the sub-wavelength photonic structures they control dynamically tunable, driving changes in skin color for camouflage and communication. The reflectins are block copolymers with repeated canonical domains interspersed with cationic linkers. Neurotransmitter-activated signal transduction culminates in catalytic phosphorylation of the tunable reflectins’ cationic linkers, with the resulting charge-neutralization overcoming Coulombic repulsion to progressively allow condensation and concommitant assembly to form multimeric spheres of tunable size. Structural transitions of reflectins A1 and A2 were analyzed by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, solution small angle x-ray scattering, circular dichroism, atomic force microscopy, and fluorimetry. We analyzed the assembly behavior of phospho-mimetic, deletion, and other mutants in conjunction with pH-titration as an in vitro surrogate of phosphorylation to discover a predictive relationship between the extent of neutralization of the protein’s net charge density and the size of resulting multimeric protein assemblies of narrow polydispersity. Comparison of mutants shows this sensitivity to neutralization resides in the linkers and is spatially distributed along the protein. These results are consistent with the behavior of a charge-stabilized colloidal system, while imaging of large particles, and analysis of sequence composition, suggest that assembly may proceed through a transient liquid-liquid phase separated intermediate. These results offer insights into the basis of reflectin-based tunable biophotonics and open new paths for the design of new reflectin mutants with tunable properties.
Genetic Association of The CYP7A1 Gene with Duck Lipid Traits
Authors: Qin Yuan-Yu , Zhang Yi-Yu , Luo Hua-Lun , Wu Lei 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTCholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) participates in lipid metabolism of liver, and its pathway involves catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids and excretion from the body. However, little is known about the effect of the polymorphisms of CYP7A1 gene on duck lipid traits. In the present study, seven novel synonymous mutations loci in exon 2 and exon 3 of CYP7A1 gene in Cherry Valley ducks were identified using PCR production direct sequencing. One novel SNP g.1033130 C>T was predicted in exon 2. Six novel SNPs g.1034076 C>T, g.1034334 G>A, g.1034373 G>A, g.1034448 T>C, g.1034541 C>G, and g.1034550 G>A were discovered in exon 3. Six haplotypes were detected using SHEsis online analysis software, and five loci (g.1034334G>A, g.1034373G>A, g.1034448T>C, g.1034541C>G, and g.1034550G>A) were in complete linkage disequilibrium, and as a block named Locus C3. By single SNP association analysis, we found that the g.1033130 C>T locus was significantly associated with IMF, AFP, TG, and TC (P<0.01 orP<0.05) respectively, the g.1034076 C>T locus was significantly associated with AFP (P<0.05), and the locus C3 was significantly associated with TCH (P<0.05). Sixteen dipoltypes were detected by the combination of haplotypes, and demonstrated strong association with IMF, AFP, TG, and TCH (P<0.01). Therefore, our data suggested that the seven SNPs of CYP7A1 gene are potential markers for lipid homeostasis, and may be used for early breeding and selection of duck.
Optimal strategies for inhibition of protein aggregation
Authors: Michaels Thomas C. T. , Weber Christoph A. , Mahadevan L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProtein aggregation has been implicated in many diseases.1-7Therapeutic strategies for these diseases propose the use of drugs to inhibit specific molecular events during the aggregation process.8-11However, viable treatment protocols require balancing the efficacy of the drug with its toxicity while accounting for the underlying events of aggregation and inhibition at the molecular level. Here, we combine aggregation kinetics and control theory to determine optimal protocols which prevent protein aggregation via specific reaction pathways. We find that the optimal inhibition of primary and fibril-dependent secondary nucleation require fundamentally different drug administration protocols. We test the efficacy of our approach on experimental data for Amyloid-βaggregation of Alzheimer’s disease in the model organismC. elegans. Our results pose and answer the question of the link between the molecular basis of protein aggregation and optimal strategies for inhibiting it, opening up new avenues for the design of rational therapies to control pathological protein aggregation.