bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance with ecological momentary assessment protocols in substance users: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Jones Andrew , Remmerswaal Danielle , Verveer Ilse , Robinson Eric , Franken Ingmar H. A. , Wen Cheng K. Fred , Field Matt 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsWhile there are considerable benefits to Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), poor compliance with assessment protocols has been identified as a limitation, particularly in substance users. Our aim was to identify the pooled compliance rate of EMA studies in substance users and examine variables that may influence compliance with EMA protocols, such as the length and frequency of assessments.DesignA meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of all possible studies (randomized controlled trials and longitudinal) which incorporated EMA protocols, examining substance use.SettingStudies took place from 1998 to 2017, in numerous countries world‐wide.ParticipantsOne hundred and twenty‐six studies were identified, contributing a total of 19 431 participants (52.32% male, mean age = 28.86).MeasurementsCompliance data, the proportion of responses to the study protocol, were extracted from each study alongside prompt frequency, total length of assessment period, substance use population and device used to administer EMA prompts.FindingsThe pooled compliance rate across all studies was 75.06% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 72.37%, 77.65%]. There was no evidence that compliance rates were significantly associated with prompt frequency [Q(3) = 7.35, P = 0.061], length of assessment period [Q(2) = 2.40, P = 0.301], substance type [Q(3) = 6.30, P = 0.098] or device administration [Q(4) = 4.28, P = 0.369]. However, dependent samples (69.80%) had lower compliance rates than non‐dependent samples [76.02%; Q(1) = 4.13, P = 0.042].ConclusionsThe pooled compliance rate for Ecological Momentary Assessment studies in substance‐using populations from 1998 to 2017 was lower than the recommended rate of 80%, and was not associated with frequency or duration of assessments.
Changes over time in marijuana use, deviant behavior and preference for risky behavior among US adolescents from 2002 to 2014: testing the moderating effect of gender and age
Authors: Moss Shadiya L. , Santaella‐Tenorio Julian , Mauro Pia M. , Keyes Katherine M. , Martins Silvia S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsAmong adolescents, risk preference and deviant behaviors are associated with marijuana use, which exhibit substantial historical trends. We examined (1) trends, (2) effect modification by sex and age, (3) associations of marijuana use with deviant behaviors and risk preferences and (4) differences by sex, age and year.DesignAdjusted logistic and relative risk regression models, using data from the 2002–14 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, annual cross‐sectional surveys of US households.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 12–17 years (n = 230 452).MeasurementsWe estimated associations between past‐year marijuana use [self‐reported using computer‐assisted personal interviewing/audio computer‐assisted self‐interviewing (CAPI/ACASI)], deviant behavior (i.e. selling drugs; stealing; attacking someone) and risk preference (i.e. getting a kick; testing oneself).FindingsMarijuana use, deviant behaviors and risk preferences declined among adolescents from 2002 to 2014. There were no significant sex or age differences in the decline of marijuana use over time. There were sex [sold drugs: β = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.75, 1.04] and age (attacked someone: β = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.42) differences in the prevalence of deviant behaviors, and trends over time differed by sex and age for attacking someone.ConclusionsWhile marijuana use, deviant behavior and risk preferences among US adolescents declined from 2002 to 2014, associations have remained stable, with marijuana use positively associated with deviant behaviors and risk preferences.
Impacts of recent climate change on terrestrial flora and fauna: Some emerging Australian examples
Authors: Hoffmann Ary A. , Rymer Paul D. , Byrne Margaret , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Whinam Jennie , McGeoch Melodie , Bergstrom Dana M. , Guerin Greg R. , Sparrow Ben , Joseph Leo , Hill Sarah J. , Andrew Nigel R. , Camac James , Bell Nicholas , Riegler Markus , Gardner Janet L. , Williams Stephen E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effects of anthropogenic climate change on biodiversity are well known for some high‐profile Australian marine systems, including coral bleaching and kelp forest devastation. Less well‐published are the impacts of climate change being observed in terrestrial ecosystems, although ecological models have predicted substantial changes are likely. Detecting and attributing terrestrial changes to anthropogenic factors is difficult due to the ecological importance of extreme conditions, the noisy nature of short‐term data collected with limited resources, and complexities introduced by biotic interactions. Here, we provide a suite of case studies that have considered possible impacts of anthropogenic climate change on Australian terrestrial systems. Our intention is to provide a diverse collection of stories illustrating how Australian flora and fauna are likely responding to direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic climate change. We aim to raise awareness rather than be comprehensive. We include case studies covering canopy dieback in forests, compositional shifts in vegetation, positive feedbacks between climate, vegetation and disturbance regimes, local extinctions in plants, size changes in birds, phenological shifts in reproduction and shifting biotic interactions that threaten communities and endangered species. Some of these changes are direct and clear cut, others are indirect and less clearly connected to climate change; however, all are important in providing insights into the future state of terrestrial ecosystems. We also highlight some of the management issues relevant to conserving terrestrial communities and ecosystems in the face of anthropogenic climate change.
Stem diameter growth rates in a fire‐prone savanna correlate with photosynthetic rate and branch‐scale biomass allocation, but not specific leaf area
Authors: Wright Ian J. , Cooke Julia , Cernusak Lucas A. , Hutley Lindsay B. , Scalon Marina C. , Tozer Wade C. , Lehmann Caroline E. R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlant growth rates strongly determine ecosystem productivity and are a central element of plant ecological strategies. For laboratory and glasshouse‐grown seedlings, specific leaf area (SLA; ratio of leaf area to mass) is a key driver of interspecific variation in growth rate (GR). Consequently, SLA is often assumed to drive GR variation in field‐grown adult plants. However, there is an increasing evidence that this is not the general case. This suggests that GR – SLA relationships (and perhaps those for other traits) may vary depending on the age or size of the plants being studied. Here we investigated GR – trait relationships and their size dependence among 17 woody species from an open‐canopy, fire‐prone savanna in northern Australia. We tested the predictions that SLA and stem diameter growth rate would be positively correlated in saplings but unrelated in adults while, in both age classes, faster‐GR species would have higher light‐saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat), higher leaf nutrient concentrations, higher branch‐scale biomass allocation to leaf versus stem tissues and lower wood density (WD). SLA showed no relationship to stem diameter GR, even in saplings, and the same was true of leaf N and P concentrations, and WD. However, branch‐scale leaf:stem allocation was strongly related to GR in both age groups, as was Asat. Together, these two traits accounted for up to 80% of interspecific variation in adult GR, and 41% of sapling GR. Asat is rarely measured in field‐based GR studies, and this is the first report of branch‐scale leaf:stem allocation (analogous to a benefit:cost ratio) in relation to plant growth rate. Our results suggest that we may yet find general trait‐drivers of field growth rates, but SLA will not be one.
Ripping the Heart out of Ancoats: Collective Action to Defend Infrastructures of Social Reproduction against Gentrification
Authors: Luke Nikki , Kaika Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe article exposes attacks on infrastructures of social reproduction as a prime gentrification strategy, but also as an effective focal point for community resistance. We exemplify this through the conflict over Ancoats Dispensary, a Victorian hospital at the heart of one of the UK's most deprived communities in East Manchester, which faced demolition following the 2000 New Islington Regeneration Plan. Using ethnographic and archival data we show how 200 years of community struggles for healthcare became catalytic for establishing Ancoats’ working class identity and how Ancoats Dispensary became the spatial/material and symbolic infrastructure for community continuity. The building's socially embedded history became key for articulating anti‐gentrification struggles as its planned demolition was seen as a symbolic demolition of the community itself. Local citizens formed the Ancoats Dispensary Trust and utilised tactics from historical struggles and entrepreneurial strategies to envision an alternative future in the defence of social reproduction infrastructures.
NIRS cerebral patterns in healthy late preterm and term infants are gender‐ and gestational age‐dependent
Authors: Grometto Alice , Pluchinotta Francesca , Gazzolo Francesca , Strozzi Maria Chiara , Gazzolo Diego 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimNear‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed to provide reliable information concerning brain oximetry and tissue activation level in the perinatal period. We aimed to investigate whether NIRS brain patterns in healthy preterm (PT) and term (T) infants were gender‐ and gestational age (GA)‐dependent.MethodsWe conducted an observational study in 74 newborns, from consecutive singleton pregnancies, of whom 37 were born at term (male: n = 19 female: n = 18) and 37 (male: n = 18 female: n = 19) were PT. Cerebral oximetry (crSO2) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE), were recorded on the 5th day from birth.ResultscrSO2 was significantly higher and cFTOE lower (p < 0.001, for both) in the PT female than male group. At term, crSO2 was significantly higher and cFTOE lower (p < 0.001, for both) in males. crSO2 (male: R = 0.84, p < 0.001; female: R = 0.74, p < 0.001) and cFTOE (male: R = 0.72, p < 0.001; female: R = 0.72, p < 0.001) in male and female groups correlated positively with GA at recording.ConclusionDifferent brain oximetry between males and females in PT a T infants, may suggest that in the perinatal period brain development is gender‐ and time‐dependent. Data support the use of NIRS as a feasible tool for non‐invasive cerebral monitoring.
β‐carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF‐κB, JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages
Authors: Li Ruonan , Hong Pan , Zheng Xin 
Published: November 2018

Abstractβ‐carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti‐inflammatory effect, it has been reported that β‐carotene could suppress LPS‐induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti‐inflammatory action of β‐carotene remain to be fully understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of β‐carotene on the activation of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF‐κB signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Cells were treated with different concentrations of β‐carotene for 3 hr after LPS treatment for 24 hr. The mRNA expression and the release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were evaluated by RT‐PCR and ELISA, and the level of signaling proteins of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF‐κB signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. The results showed that β‐carotene significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) LPS‐induced release of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α and their mRNA expression. LPS‐induced JAK2/STAT3, IκB/NF‐κB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p < 0.05) by β‐carotene in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, β‐carotene could attenuate LPS‐induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF‐κB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.
Risk factors affecting outcome of unrelated cord blood transplantation for children with familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Furtado‐Silva Juliana Montibeller , Paviglianiti Annalisa , Ruggeri Annalisa , Boelens Jaap Jan , Veys Paul , Ahmari Ali Abdallah , Zecca Marco , Locatelli Franco , Michel Gerard , Volt Fernanda , Kenzey Chantal , Sedlacek Petr , Rao Kanchan , Lankester Arjan , Gluckman Eliane , Rocha Vanderson ,   Eurocord/ Monacord, Cord Blood Committee of Cellular Therapy, Immunobiology and Inborn Errors Working Parties of the European Blood and Marrow Transplant Group
Published: November 2018

SummaryAllogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is still the only available curative option for Familial Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH). Most studies report outcomes after bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. We analysed the outcomes of 118 children with FHLH undergoing single‐unit umbilical cord blood transplantation performed from 1996 to 2014. Myeloablative conditioning regimen was given to 90% of the patients, and was mostly busulfan‐based (n = 81, 76%), including anti‐thymocyte globulin or alemtuzumab (n = 102, 86%). The cumulative incidence of Day 60 neutrophil engraftment was 85%; and that of non‐relapse mortality and acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) was 21% and 33% at 100 days, respectively. The 6‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GvHD was 17% and the 6‐year probability of overall survival was 55%. In multivariate analysis, children receiving a graft with a total nucleated cell dose greater than 9·9 × 107/kg had a better overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0·49, 95% CI: 0·27–0·88, P = 0·02). Degree of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matching was associated with improved disease‐free survival (5/6 vs. 6/6 HR: 2·11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·01–4·4, P = 0·05 and ≤4/6 vs. 6/6, HR: 2·82, CI: 1·27–6·23, P = 0·01). Umbilical cord blood transplantation with a high cell dose and good HLA match is a suitable alternative option to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with FHLH who lack a HLA‐matched donor.
Long non‐coding RNA Linc00518 promotes paclitaxel resistance of the human prostate cancer by sequestering miR‐216b‐5p
Authors: He Junhui , Sun Mingchong , Geng Huaizhen , Tian Sujian 
Published: November 2018

Background InformationTo characterise Linc00518 expression in prostate cancer and elucidate the potential mechanistic involvement in paclitaxel resistance, the relative expression of Linc00518 and miR‐216b‐5p was determined by real‐time PCR. The regulatory effect of miR‐216b‐5p on either Linc00518 or GATA6 was interrogated with luciferase reporter assay. The endogenous GATA6 protein was analysed by Western blotting. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay and IC50 of paclitaxel was calculated through cell counting.ResultsLinc00518 was highly expressed in prostate tumour both in vivo and in vitro. High level of Linc00518 transcripts associated with paclitaxel resistance. Linc00518 competitively inhibited miR‐216b‐5p through sponging mechanism. Linc00518 deficiency compromised the paclitaxel resistance in the acquired resistance cell lines.Conclusions and SignificanceWe demonstrated that overexpression of Linc00518 contributed to the paclitaxel resistance in prostate cancer via sequestering miR‐216b‐5p.
Care maps and care plans for children with medical complexity
Authors: Adams Sherri , Nicholas David , Mahant Sanjay , Weiser Natalie , Kanani Ronik , Boydell Katherine , Cohen Eyal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe support of families in the care of children with medical complexity (CMC) requires the integration of health care providers' (HCPs') medical knowledge and family experience. Care plans largely represent HCP information, and care maps demonstrate the family experience. Understanding the intersection between a care plan and a care map is critical, as it may provide solutions to the widely recognized tension between HCP‐directed care and patient‐ and family‐centered care (PFCC).MethodThis study used qualitative methods to explore the experience and usefulness of care maps. Parents of CMC who already had a care plan, created care maps (n = 15). Subsequent interviews with parents (n = 15) and HCPs (n = 30) of CMC regarding both care maps and care plans were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsData analysis exploring the relationship and utility of care plans and care maps revealed six primary themes related to using care plans and care maps that were grouped into two primary categories: (a) utility of care plans and maps; and (b) intersection of care plans and care maps.DiscussionCare plans and care maps were identified as valuable complementary documents. Their integration offers context about family experience and respects the parents' experiential wisdom in a standard patient care document, thus promoting improved understanding and integration of the family experience into care decision making.
Prehabilitation prior to kidney transplantation: Results from a pilot study
Authors: McAdams‐DeMarco Mara A. , Ying Hao , Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah , Schrack Jennifer , Haugen Christine E. , Chu Nadia M. , González Fernández Marlís , Desai Niraj , Walston Jeremy D. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrehabilitation is the process of enhancing preoperative functional capacity to improve tolerance for the upcoming stressor; it was associated with improved postoperative outcomes in a handful of studies, but never evaluated in transplantation. Kidney transplant (KT) candidates may be uniquely suited for prehabilitation because they experience a profound loss of functional capacity while waiting years on dialysis. To better understand the feasibility and effectiveness of prehabilitation in KT, we conducted a pilot study of center‐based prehabilitation for candidates; this intervention consisted of weekly physical therapy sessions at an outpatient center with at‐home exercises. We enrolled 24 participants; 18 participated in prehabilitation (75% of enrolled; 17% of eligible). 61% were male, 72% were African American, and mean age = 52 (SD = 12.9); 71% of participants had lower‐extremity impairment, and 31% were frail. By 2 months of prehabilitation, participants improved their physical activity by 64% (P = 0.004) based on accelerometry. Participants reported high satisfaction. Among 5 prehabilitation participants who received KT during the study, length of stay was shorter than for age‐, sex‐, and race‐matched control (5 vs 10 days; RR = 0.69; 95% CI:0.50‐0.94; P = 0.02). These pilot study findings suggest that prehabilitation is feasible in pretransplant patients and may potentially be a strategy to improve post‐KT outcomes.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic vs laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in renal transplantation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Chen Rao , Li Tengfang , Peng Longkai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the robot‐assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (RDN) technique is used for live donor nephrectomy. Does it provide sufficient safety and benefits for living donors? We conducted a meta‐analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of RDN compared with the laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN).Material and methodsEligible studies were retrieved and screened from electronic databases from 1999 onward: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Relevant parameters were explored using Review Manager V5.3 and included operative time, warm ischemia time, estimated blood loss, and length of hospital stay.ResultsCompared with RDN, LDN had shorter operative time (min; weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.53; 95% CI: [−0.85, 0.20]; P = 0.001) and warm ischemia time (second; WMD: −55.01; 95% CI: [−71.56, 38.45]; P < 0.00001) and less estimated blood loss (mL; WMD: −28.30, 95% CI: [−46.37, 10.24], P = 0.002). The pooled analysis of postoperative pain showed lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores for RDN compared with LDN (WMD:1.28, P < 0.00001). We also observed that length of hospital stay, postoperative serum creatinine (SCr) in donors, postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of recipients and postoperative complications for donors were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionAs long as RDN is practiced proficiently, it is believed that RDN is a feasible alternative to LDN.
Unnecessary abdominal interventions in patients with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Hahn Janina , Hoess Alisa , Friedrich Daniel Thomas , Mayer Benjamin , Schauf Lucia , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Greve Jens 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to recurrent development of mucosal and dermal swelling. It is mediated by bradykinin, and can affect virtually any part of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, the extremities, and the laryngeal and pharyngeal regions. Safe and potent drugs are available for acute and prophylactic treatment of HAE. Owing to its unspecific symptoms and unique manifestations, HAE is often misdiagnosed and treated incorrectly. Abdominal edema in particular can resemble appendicitis or cholecystitis, and is therefore often treated with unnecessary surgical procedures. We performed a questionnaire study to quantify this issue.Patients and MethodsWe designed questionnaires for HAE patients and probands without HAE. The patient‐control ratio was chosen at 1 : 2.ResultsCompared with the general population, HAE patients are subject to a significantly greater number of invasive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Our study showed that the HAE patients were 2.5 times more likely to undergo abdominal surgery (including gynecological and urological procedures) than the individuals without HAE (p = 0.007). The number of operations per patient correlated with the period (number of years) between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis (correlation coefficient 0.511; Spearman). Furthermore, twice as many appendectomies were performed on HAE patients (18.9 % vs. 37.7 %). Our results also showed that the HAE patients were 2.3 times more likely to undergo a gastroscopy than the control group without HAE (p = 0.003).ConclusionsPatients with rare diseases such as HAE not only suffer from the effects of the disease itself. The conditions are often misdiagnosed for years owing to the general lack of knowledge about such diseases and unspecific manifestations. This leads not only to erroneous and ineffective treatment, but also to needless invasive diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures. It is therefore important to increase the general knowledge and awareness of orphan diseases such as HAE with a view to improving diagnosis and treatment, minimizing the patients’ suffering and enhancing their quality of life.
A new species of Rosenscheldia (Dothideomycetes) from Brazil
Authors: Custódio Fábio A. , Firmino André L. , Pereira Olinto L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA fungus forming black stromata with several immersed ascomata was found associated with living branches of Protium warmingianum (Burseraceae) in the Mata da Biologia, city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species differs from all five species found on literature and is fully described, illustrated and compared with the other species described in the genus. This is the first species of Rosenscheldia found on burseraceae hosts in Brazil and the first species on the host genus Protium.