bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enterobacter cloacae as a Rare Cause of Cerebral Abscesses in a Neonatal Late-Onset Sepsis—a Case Report and Literature Review with Focus on Risk Factors, Diagnostics, and Treatment
Authors: Yildirim Yildiz , Perez Ruy , Wentzell Rüdiger , Andrée Clemens , Weinzierl Martin , Utz Norbert , Niehues Tim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLate-onset sepsis (LOS; sepsis occurring after the first 72 h of life) increases the morbidity and mortality of premature neonates, especially those with very low birth weight (≤1,500 g). In LOS, Enterobacter cloacae has been rarely described as a cause of secondary brain abscesses. Our case report summarizes important aspects of cerebral abscesses due to an E. cloacae sepsis in a preterm neonate. Our patient received surgical abscess drainage and rational antibiotic treatment, employing prolonged meropenem infusions plus fosfomycin and subsequent treatment with oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, we present a review of the current literature from 2009 to 2022, comparing cases similar to our case.
The Role of Platelets in Atherosclerosis: A Historical Review
Authors: Momi Stefania , Gresele Paolo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disorder of large and medium-size arteries, which is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although platelets in cardiovascular disease have mainly been studied for their crucial role in the thrombotic event triggered by atherosclerotic plaque rupture, over the last two decades it has become clear that platelets participate also in the development of atherosclerosis, owing to their ability to interact with the damaged arterial wall and with leukocytes. Platelets participate in all phases of atherogenesis, from the initial functional damage to endothelial cells to plaque unstabilization. Platelets deposit at atherosclerosis predilection sites before the appearance of manifest lesions to the endothelium and contribute to induce endothelial dysfunction, thus supporting leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall. In particular, platelets release matrix metalloproteinases, which interact with protease-activated receptor 1 on endothelial cells triggering adhesion molecule expression. Moreover, P-selectin and glycoprotein Ibα expressed on the surface of vessel wall-adhering platelets bind PSGL-1 and β2 integrins on leukocytes, favoring their arrest and transendothelial migration. Platelet–leukocyte interactions promote the formation of radical oxygen species which are strongly involved in the lipid peroxidation associated with atherosclerosis. Platelets themselves actively migrate through the endothelium toward the plaque core where they release chemokines that modify the microenvironment by modulating the function of other inflammatory cells, such as macrophages. While current antiplatelet agents seem unable to prevent the contribution of platelets to atherogenesis, the inhibition of platelet secretion, of the release of MMPs, and of some specific pathways of platelet adhesion to the vessel wall may represent promising future strategies for the prevention of atheroprogression.
Serum Albumin Alters [18F]FDG Activity in the Liver and Blood Pool
Authors: Li Wai Ip , Ng Kwok Sing , Wong Wai Chung , Ng Koon Kiu , Au Yong Ting Kun , Kung Boom Ting 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation between the 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) activity of the liver and blood pool, and the serum albumin.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult patients who underwent [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography at the Nuclear Medicine Unit of a hospital in Hong Kong between January 1, 2023, and March 31, 2023. The mean standardized uptake value normalized to lean body mass (SULmean) was measured in the liver and blood pool. Pearson's correlation analyses between the SULmean of reference regions and serum albumin were performed. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effects of serum albumin and other parameters as the independent predictors on SULmean of the reference regions.
Results A total of 146 patients were included, with their SULmean of the liver and blood pool showing significantly positive correlations with serum albumin (r = 0.393, p < 0.001 and r = 0.207, p = 0.012, respectively). Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed serum albumin as an independent variable on SULmean of the liver and blood pool (p < 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively).
Conclusion Serum albumin alters [18F]FDG biodistribution in the liver and blood pool. The decrease in liver background activity in patients with low serum albumin may produce a higher false-positive rate of lesion detection, particularly when there is a drop of serum albumin in serial scans. Nuclear medicine physicians should be cautious of image interpretation.
Comparative Assessment of Agreement in Uniformity Analyses across Quality Control Software Platforms
Authors: Supramaniam Thasmeera T. , Udin Muhammad Y. , Musarudin Marianie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective In nuclear medicine, quality control (QC) activities adhere to international standards, yet their complexity can pose challenges. Gamma camera manufacturers have introduced integrated QC software, offering instantaneous results. However, the agreement of these automated processes with established protocols remains uncertain. This study aims to clarify this uncertainty by comparatively analyzing uniformity from various software solutions for a dual-head gamma camera.
Methods The study utilized integrated QC analysis software and three free QC analysis tools (IAEA-NMQC Toolkit, NM Toolkit, and Fiji) for uniformity analyses. Following the National Electrical Manufacturers Association standards, NEMA Standards Publication NU 1-2018, the intrinsic uniformity test was performed on a GE Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro system. Ten uniformity QC images underwent analysis with both integrated QC software and alternative software. Data agreements were tested using the Blant–Altman regression-based analysis.
Results Significant differences were observed in integral and differential uniformities (p < 0.001). The central field of view (useful field of view) integral uniformity mean differences for NMQC Toolkit, NM Toolkit, and Fiji were 2.46% (2.34%), 2.44% (2.31%), and 2.56% (2.64%), respectively. Conversely, x-differential and y-differential uniformity mean differences were consistently under 2%. Regression-based analysis confirmed good agreement between computed values.
Conclusion The integrated QC software of Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro provides reliable uniformity analysis, aligned with the NEMA standards. Variations in computed values may stem from differences in pixel values and applied data corrections.
Elucidation of FDG-PET Imaging Characteristics that Reflect the Heterogeneity within Tumors Due to Variability in Metabolic Activity: A Phantom Study
Authors: Suzuki Junpei , Tsuda Keisuke , Koyama Kazuya , Harada Tomoya , Takemoto Shota , Kimura Satoshi , Murakami Koji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective Focusing on the heterogeneity within cancer lesions and revealing cancer lesions with a high signal-to-noise ratio will help improve the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images. This study aimed to understand how glucose metabolic activity can be shown with less statistical noise using a quality assessment phantom modeled after cancer lesions with a two-layer structure and a Clear adaptive Low-noise Method (CaLM) filter.
Materials and Methods A National Electrical Manufacturers Association phantom with two spheres with a two-layer structure filled with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (inner and outer diameters of the spheres were 13/22 and 22/37 mm, respectively; radioactivity ratio of the background [BG] to outer sphere layer was 1:4; and BG-to-inner sphere layer ratios were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) was evaluated. The acquisition time was set at 120 seconds, and imaging was repeated five times. The image data in photomultiplier tube (PMT)-PET were reconstructed using a time-of-flight (TOF) ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm (point spread function [PSF] − , iteration: 3, subset: 10) with a 4-mm Gaussian filter (GF) for normal images. Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-PET data were reconstructed using a TOF OSEM algorithm (PSF − , iteration: 2, subset: 12) and a 3-mm GF for normal images. The target images were reconstructed using three CaLM parameters (mild, standard, and strong). All the obtained images were investigated quantitatively, with calculation of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), coefficient of variation (CV), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), after setting regions of interest on the lesions. Statistical analysis using the Dunnett's test compared normal images (control group) and target images (treatment group). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.
Results Quantitative assessment revealed that the SUVmax of target images (standard and strong) was equivalent to that of normal images in PMT-PET, with SUVmax of 3 to 3.5 for both layers. The SUVmax in SiPM-PET was similar across all CaLM types, ranging from 3 to 4 for all spheres. The target images (standard and strong) had a significantly reduced CV and improved CNR compared with normal images.
Conclusion The boundary of the 22/37-mm spheres was visible with CaLM (strong) at radioactivity ratios of 1:4:1 and 1:4:2 on both scanners. For the 13/22-mm sphere boundary, visibility with CaLM (strong) was observed only with SiPM-PET, with the SUVmax equivalent to normal images. CaLM (strong) was deemed the optimal postprocessing filter for PMT-PET due to significant improvements in CV and CNR, while CaLM (standard) was suggested as the optimal filter for SiPM-PET due to excessive BG smoothing.
Unveiling consumer satisfaction and its driving factors of EVs in China using an explainable artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Liang Chaoxi , Yang Qingtao , Sun Hongyuan , Ma Xiaoming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs China’s electric vehicle (EV) industry shifts from policy-driven to market-oriented development, understanding post-purchase satisfaction and its driving factors becomes imperative. This study compiled objective product attributes and consumer online reviews for 1321 EV models from China’s largest automotive website, Autohome, covering the period between 2014 and 2022. By employing data mining and sentiment analysis (SA) techniques, this research extracted consumers’ overall satisfaction with EVs and identified the subjective product attributes that garnered the most attention in consumer online comments. Utilizing a machine learning (ML)—SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework, the research pinpointed the most impactful objective and subjective product attributes on consumer satisfaction and ranked their impact intensity both statically and dynamically. The findings reveal that Chinese consumers are generally satisfied or very satisfied with their EVs. From a static perspective, distinctive objective product attributes of EVs, such as total motor power and range, play a crucial role in influencing consumer satisfaction. In terms of subjective product attributes, aspects like space, design, handling, and comfort are the most captivating to consumers and significantly shape their satisfaction. However, the dynamic analysis indicates that range anxiety persists, despite gradually increasing consumer satisfaction as the EV market matures. Additionally, price remains a crucial factor, particularly following the widespread implementation of subsidy withdrawal policies, making it the most sensitive factor for EV consumers. This study represents the first application of an explainable artificial intelligence framework to quantify the marginal impacts of various automotive product attributes on consumer satisfaction.
Theory of the ordered phase in anisotropic quadrupolar systems. Application to quantum molecular crystals
Authors: Onufrieva F. P. 
Published: November 2024

The theory of a quantum quadrupolar phase is developed for anisotropic quadrupolar systems with S = 1. The model under consideration describes the ferroquadrupolar phase in magnetics with biquadrutic exchange (for a suitable parameter ratio of biquadratic to bilinear Heisenberg exchange), as well as orientational ordering in quantum molecular crystals, orthohydrogen (o-H2) and paradeuterium (p-D2). The dynamic and kinematic interaction processes between the elementary excitations are taken into account. A special perturbation theory in the reciprocal number of nearest neighbors as a small parameter is used to treat the interaction processes not conserving the number of elementary excitations.
The dispersion law of elemetary excitations and the temperature dependence of the order parameter are obtained. It is shown that the inelastic interaction, usually neglected in similar problems, leads to the appearance of an internal field associated with the order parameter, causing a nonproportionality of frequencies of the order parameter and a dynamic stability of the quadrupolar phase at all temperatures. Therefore, only first order phase transitions can occur in such systems. Numerical calculations were performed for the o-H2 and p-D2 crystals, and the results obtained are in good agreement with experiment.
Development platform for UV-NIL processes using polymer masters produced by laser ablation and photolithography
Authors: Zajadacz Joachim , Lorenz Pierre , Ehrhardt Martin , Zimmer Klaus 
Published: November 2024

Ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) is a versatile and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures by copying master patterns in a planar or a roll-to-roll process through curing of a liquid UV-sensitive precursor. For applications with a high pattern complexity, new UV-NIL process chains must be specified. Master fabrication is a challenging part of the development and often cannot be accomplished using a single master fabrication technique. Therefore, an approach combining different patterning fabrication techniques is developed here for polymer masters using laser direct writing and photolithography. The polymer masters produced in this way are molded into inverse silicone stamps that are used for roll-to-roll replication into an acrylate formulation. To fit the required roller size for large-area UV-NIL, several submasters with micrometer-sized dot and line gratings and prism arrays, which have been patterned by these different techniques, are assembled to final size of ∼200 × 600 mm2 with an absolute precision of better than 50 µm. The size of the submasters allows the use of standard laboratory equipment for patterning and direct writing, thus enabling the fabrication of micro- and even nanostructures when electron-beam writing is utilized. In this way, the effort, time, and costs for the fabrication of masters for UV-NIL processes are reduced, enabling further development for particular structures and applications. Using this approach, patterns fabricated with different laboratory tools are finally replicated by UV-NIL in an acrylate formulation, demonstrating the high quality of the whole process chain.
Faster algorithms for the alignment of sparse correlated Erdős–Rényi random graphs
Authors: Muratori Andrea , Semerjian Guilhem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The correlated Erdős–Rényi random graph ensemble is a probability law on pairs of graphs with n vertices, parametrized by their average degree λ and their correlation coefficient s. It can be used as a benchmark for the graph alignment problem, in which the labels of the vertices of one of the graphs are reshuffled by an unknown permutation; the goal is to infer this permutation and thus properly match the pairs of vertices in both graphs. A series of recent works has unveiled the role of Otter’s constant α (that controls the exponential rate of growth of the number of unlabeled rooted trees as a function of their sizes) in this problem: for

s
>

α

and large enough λ, it is possible to recover in a time polynomial in n a positive fraction of the hidden permutation. The exponent of this polynomial growth is, however, quite large and depends on the other parameters, which limits the range of applications of the algorithm. In this work, we present a family of faster algorithms for this task, show through numerical simulations that their accuracy is only slightly reduced with respect to the original one and conjecture that they undergo, in the large λ limit, phase transitions at modified Otter’s thresholds

α
^

>

α

, with

α
^

related to the enumeration of a restricted family of trees.
Securing the State
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the idea of the ‘security state’ and the ‘surveillance state’ in Union Ireland. It focuses on the infrastructures through which power ebbed and flowed. In 1810, Ireland had no real education system, no national police or welfare system, no truly national postal system, no asylum system, no railways, and no coordinated prison system. By 1850, Ireland had 4,321 schools, 538 miles of railways, 130 workhouses, 11 district asylums, and corresponding government departments and clerks charged with inspecting, maintaining, and coordinating them all. Drawing on work by Giorgio Agamben, this chapter seeks to understand the state that was built in these four decades or so.
The Ethnographic State
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines state techniques of population and territory mapping, inspired by work on the ‘ethnographic state’. It focuses on a period of archive creation in the 1830s and then a reawakening of that ‘archival’ impulse towards the end of the nineteenth century, both within the state itself and in the civil sphere that buttressed it. In between these two points, it looks briefly at the ‘failure’ of the sympathetic relationship between the state and civil society in the 1840s and 1850s by analysing the Statistical Society in Dublin. By the 1890s, the production of coercive information had diffused, and Irish people were engaging in both colonial projects of racial production—racing others—and in the auto-exoticization of themselves: racing themselves.
Architectures of Containment and Contagion
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Drawing from Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault, and Laura Doan, this chapter scrutinizes state practices of incarceration and reform. The Irish prison system provides a near-perfect demonstration of the thesis that Union Ireland continued to be governed by colonial logic in the first decades, and that this was being forcefully contested from the 1830s as part of a more integrative and assimilationist approach favoured by reform-minded liberals. The Irish penal systems have mostly been written about in domestic terms, with little connection to the imperial world it operated in and was in fact supplying. This chapter builds on Foucauldian analyses of the Irish prison system as well as major contributions to the Irish historiography by Richard Butler and Catherine Cox.
Conclusion—Killing Ireland with Kindness
Authors: O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Returning to the theme of palliation, the conclusion examines the policies of ‘killing home rule with kindness’ in 1890s Ireland. It argues that these policies were a logical consequence of the palliative state’s evolution over the century. The idea of softer government, more amelioration, greater representation, and more diverse employment practices was promoted first by the Tory government and is often debated as ‘constructive unionism’. This was simply the logical outcome of the palliative approach outlined throughout the book. This concluding chapter looks back across the arc of the union and argues that the reliquary of the palliative state exists all around is in contemporary Ireland.
Divination in Roman Legal Measures
Authors: Janssen K P S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on the legal treatment of divination in the Roman world. It argues that measures dealing with this practice were not specially aimed at any particular divinatory method, like astrology, but were instead used to target a wider range of diviners. The chapter also discusses the prevalent idea that the overwhelming majority of interactions between the Roman authorities and those involved in divination found their legal basis in a long-lasting, empire-wide edict regulating divinatory enquiries that was supposedly issued by Augustus in 11 ce. Rather than following this line of thinking, however, it argues that this theory rests on shaky historical ground, and suggests that we are instead dealing with a much less cohesive collection of different kinds of legal measures, including expulsions of diviners as a group and trials against particular individuals, which were overwhelmingly local in nature, and furthermore were enforced for limited periods of time. The chapter also suggests that, while it is unlikely that involvement in private divination was systematically targeted, suspicious divinatory behaviour was frequently invoked among other accusations in trials related to the charge of maiestas, which contributed to the association between the practice, and the private practitioners involved in it, and societal disruption. Not until the third century do we see the gradual emergence of a coherent legal narrative on the subject in the works of the Roman jurists, although here, too, a notable variety in approaches continued to exist.
Indigenous Languages, Bilingualism, and Literacy in Hispania Citerior, Third Century bce–First Century ce
Authors: Moncunill Noemí 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hispania Citerior allows us to reconstruct the linguistic panorama prior to Latinization particularly well. Apart from the onomastic data that can be used to identify linguistic areas, this region also provides a substantial number of inscriptions in the different vernacular languages. This chapter exploits this rich epigraphic record, relating it to the development of Latin epigraphy in the area and to other relevant archaeological material, such as writing equipment, to analyse the evolution of local written culture, as well as language contact and bilingualism during the first centuries after the conquest. This approach aims to contribute to a better understanding of how and why most of the vernacular languages of Citerior were eventually replaced by Latin.
The Rise of Latin in Hispania Ulterior, Third Century bce–Second Century ce
Authors: Tolosa María José Estarán , Rando Javier Herrera 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The chapter focuses on the southern and south-western regions of the Iberian Peninsula—namely, Republican Hispania Ulterior, which was later divided into the provinces of Baetica and Lusitania. These areas exhibit notable diversity: while some are highly urbanized and ‘Romanized’, others retain a more rural character and maintain a stronger indigenous influence. The limited number of epigraphic records from the Republican era is examined, with a special focus on those related to the local population, including coinage. From the time of Augustus onwards, written documentation increases significantly. However, while in Baetica this record reflects Roman customs, in Lusitania linguistic retention and bilingualism are evident, particularly in religious epigraphy. The factors that drove the process of Latinization, resulting in the spread of Latin as the dominant language, are identified, though the nature of the available evidence does not allow us to describe its regional variations.