bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phenotype of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis and its management in “real life” clinical settings
Authors: Sen Arjune , Dugan Patricia , Perucca Piero , Costello Daniel , Choi Hyunmi , Bazil Carl , Radtke Rod , Andrade Danielle , Depondt Chantal , Heavin Sinead , Adcock Jane , Pickrell W. Owen , McGinty Ronan N. , Nascimento Fábio , Smith Philip , Rees Mark I. , Kwan Patrick , O'Brien Terence J. , Goldstein David , Delanty Norman 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveThere is little detailed phenotypic characterization of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We therefore conducted a multicenter review of people with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and bilateral HS to better determine their clinical characteristics.MethodsDatabases from 11 EPIGEN centers were searched. For identified cases, clinicians reviewed the medical notes, imaging, and electroencephalographic (EEG), video‐EEG, and neuropsychometric data. Data were irretrievably anonymized, and a single database was populated to capture all phenotypic information. These data were compared with phenotyped cases of unilateral HS from the same centers.ResultsIn total, 96 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and bilateral HS were identified (43 female, 53 male; age range = 8‐80 years). Twenty‐five percent had experienced febrile convulsions, and 27% of patients had experienced status epilepticus. The mean number of previously tried antiepileptic drugs was 5.32, and the average number of currently prescribed medications was 2.99; 44.8% of patients had cognitive difficulties, and 47.9% had psychiatric comorbidity; 35.4% (34/96) of patients continued with long‐term medical therapy alone, another 4 being seizure‐free on medication. Sixteen patients proceeded to, or were awaiting, neurostimulation, and 11 underwent surgical resection. One patient was rendered seizure‐free postresection, with an improvement in seizures for 3 other cases. By comparison, of 201 patients with unilateral HS, a significantly higher number (44.3%) had febrile convulsions and only 11.4% had experienced status epilepticus. Importantly, 41.8% (84/201) of patients with unilateral HS had focal aware seizures, whereas such seizures were less frequently observed in people with bilateral HS, and were never observed exclusively (P = .002; Fisher's exact test).SignificanceThe current work describes the phenotypic spectrum of people with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and bilateral HS, highlights salient clinical differences from patients with unilateral HS, and provides a large platform from which to develop further studies, both epidemiological and genomic, to better understand etiopathogenesis and optimal treatment regimes in this condition.
Long‐term negative impact of an inappropriate first antiepileptic medication on the efficacy of a second antiepileptic medication in mice
Authors: Pawluski Jodi L. , Kuchenbuch Mathieu , Hadjadj Sarah , Dieuset Gabriel , Costet Nathalie , Vercueil Laurent , Biraben Arnaud , Martin Benoît 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChildhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is one of the most frequent epilepsies in infancy. The first‐line recommended therapy for CAE is based on the prescription of the narrow‐spectrum ethosuximide and the broad‐spectrum valproic acid, which have similar efficacy in the first 12 months. Nevertheless, some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may worsen seizure duration and type in this syndrome. In line with this, we have encountered a case of identical twins with CAE and early exposure to different antiseizure drugs leading to divergent outcomes. From this, we hypothesized that the first AED to treat CAE may determine the long‐term prognosis, especially in the developing brain, and that some situations leading to drug resistance may be explained by use of an inappropriate first AED. Therefore, we investigated this hypothesis by using a genetic mouse model of absence epilepsy (BS/Orl). Mice received a first appropriate or inappropriate AED followed by the same appropriate AED. Our data demonstrate that an inappropriate first AED has a negative impact on the long‐term efficacy of a second appropriate AED. This work supports the necessity to effectively diagnose epileptic syndromes prior to medication use, particularly in children, in order to prevent the deleterious effects of an inappropriate initial AED.
Competition for grooming partners and interference in affiliation among female mandrills
Authors: Schino Gabriele , Lasio Francesca 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGrooming is the most common primate affiliative behaviour, and primates compete for accessing grooming partners. We studied a captive group of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) to evaluate the role of different types of competitive interactions in shaping the distribution of grooming among females. Mandrill females preferentially groomed high‐ranking individuals, but low‐ranking females were less able to do so. Interference in others’ grooming and a (consequent) reluctance of low‐ranking females to access dominant group mates occurred frequently and contributed to the observed pattern of grooming distribution, while takeovers of grooming partners was relatively rare. Interference in others’ affiliation was possibly used to prevent the formation of revolutionary alliances. Difficulties in accessing individuals already engaged in grooming exerted a strong but rank‐independent effect on grooming interactions. These results highlight the role of competition in determining access to preferred social partners.
The important but weakening maize yield benefit of grain filling prolongation in the US Midwest
Authors: Zhu Peng , Jin Zhenong , Zhuang Qianlai , Ciais Philippe , Bernacchi Carl , Wang Xuhui , Makowski David , Lobell David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA better understanding of recent crop yield trends is necessary for improving the yield and maintaining food security. Several possible mechanisms have been investigated recently in order to explain the steady growth in maize yield over the US Corn‐Belt, but a substantial fraction of the increasing trend remains elusive. In this study, trends in grain filling period (GFP) were identified and their relations with maize yield increase were further analyzed. Using satellite data from 2000 to 2015, an average lengthening of GFP of 0.37 days per year was found over the region, which probably results from variety renewal. Statistical analysis suggests that longer GFP accounted for roughly one‐quarter (23%) of the yield increase trend by promoting kernel dry matter accumulation, yet had less yield benefit in hotter counties. Both official survey data and crop model simulations estimated a similar contribution of GFP trend to yield. If growing degree days that determines the GFP continues to prolong at the current rate for the next 50 years, yield reduction will be lessened with 25% and 18% longer GFP under Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 (RCP 2.6) and RCP 6.0, respectively. However, this level of progress is insufficient to offset yield losses in future climates, because drought and heat stress during the GFP will become more prevalent and severe. This study highlights the need to devise multiple effective adaptation strategies to withstand the upcoming challenges in food security.
The Japanese Immune Tolerance Induction (J‐ITI) study in haemophilia patients with inhibitor: Outcomes and successful predictors of ITI treatment
Authors: Nogami K. , Taki M. , Matsushita T. , Ohga S. , Oka T. , Horikoshi Y. , Amano K. , Shima M. 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionImmune tolerance induction (ITI) was the primary therapeutic approach to eradicate inhibitors in haemophilia patients. Several large ITI registries had been reported, but successful predictors of ITI outcome are still debated. No reports are available on large ITI studies in non‐caucasian countries.AimWe designed a retrospective cohort study of ITI in Japanese haemophilia patients with inhibitor.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from 155 haemophilia (H)A (140 severe‐type) and 7 HB (7 severe‐type) patients treated at 45 institutions. ITI outcome was centrally reviewed. We defined “success” as undetectable inhibitor after 2 consecutive measurements.ResultsThe ITI success rate was 71.2% for HA and 83.3% for HB. Cumulated success rates for HA achieving 50% and 75% were 0.7 and 2 years after treatment, respectively. Significant successful predictors in HA were low‐responding inhibitors compared to high‐responding inhibitors, shorter time to the start of ITI, and lower historical and treatment peak titres of inhibitor. Dose regimen (high dose; ≥90 IU/kg every day, low dose; ≤75 IU/kg, 3 d/wk) and the type of therapeutic product did not affect outcomes. The success rate of salvage ITI using von Willebrand factor‐containing factor VIII was 50% (n = 6/12), and patient age at the start of salvage ITI was a significant predictor. The inhibitor recurred in 6 HA cases (3.9%).ConclusionThe results provided potentially important information for improving future success rates for ITI in inhibitor patients.
Temperature‐insensitive piezoelectricity in lead‐free NaNbO3‐based ceramics
Authors: Lv Xiang , Chen Yanbin , Wu Jiagang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, we report a lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic of (0.9‐x)NaNbO3‐0.1BaTiO3‐xBaZrO3, and the effects of BaZrO3 on the phase structure, microstructure, electrical properties and temperature stability are investigated. A morphotropic phase boundary‐like region consisting of rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases is constructed in the compositions with x = 0.035‐0.04. More importantly, in situ temperature independence of the piezoelectric effect {piezoelectric constant (d33) and strain} can be achieved below the Curie temperature (Tc). Intriguingly, the electric field‐induced strain is still observed at T ≥ Tc due to the combined actions of the electrostrictive effect and the electric field‐induced phase transition. We believe that NaNbO3‐based ceramics of this type have potential for applications in actuators and sensors.
Local phenomena in bismuth sodium titanate perovskite studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhai Jiwei , Shen Bo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, 0.8Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3‐0.2K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (BNKT) is studied by electrical characterizations, in situ Raman spectra in conjunction with the phenomenological Landau predictions to reveal the local phenomena. An electric field‐induced nonergodic relaxor‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition and domain switching start to take place at a critical field of 3 kV/mm. The polar phase was disrupted into the disordered relaxor phase at ferroelectric‐relaxor transition temperature (TFR) along with the discontinuous phonon anomalies caused by the decoupling between the off‐centered Bi and Ti cations. The R3c and P4bm polar nanoregions (PNRs) can coexist in a wide temperature range and can be transformed reversibly below the temperature of dielectric maximum (Tm). The broad Raman bands were found to persist in high‐temperature paraelectric state induced by the existence of off‐centered Ti cation and ferroically deformed TiO6 octahedra. A phenomenological Landau model and local structural evolution sequence at different thermal history were proposed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. This work will be conducive to understanding the local structure‐physical property correlations of high‐performance lead‐free piezoelectrics.
Evaluation of all African clinical practice guidelines for hypertension: Quality and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Okwen Patrick Mbah , Maweu Irene , Grimmer Karen , Margarita Dizon Janine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesGood‐quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide recommendations based on current best‐evidence summaries. Hypertension is a prevalent noncommunicable disease in Africa, with disastrous sequelae (stroke, heart, and kidney disease). Its effective management relies on good quality, current, locally relevant evidence. This paper reports on an all African review of the guidance documents currently informing hypertension management.MethodsAttempts were made to contact 62 African countries for formal guidance documents used nationally to inform diagnosis and management of hypertension. Their quality was assessed by using Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II, scored by 2 independent reviewers. Differences in domain scores were compared between documents written prior to 2011 and 2011 onward. Findings were compared with earlier African CPG reviews.ResultsGuidelines and protocols were provided by 26 countries. Six used country‐specific stand‐alone hypertension guidelines, and 10 used protocols embedded in Standard Treatment Guidelines for multiple conditions. Six used guidelines developed by the World Health Organization, and 4 indicated ad hoc use of international guidance (US, Portugal, and Brazil). Only 1 guidance document met CPG construction criteria, and none scored well on all AGREE domain scores. The lowest‐scoring domain was rigour of development. There was no significant quality difference between pre‐2011 and post‐2011 guidance documents, and there were variable AGREE II scores for the same CPGs when comparing the African reviews.ConclusionsThe quality of hypertension guidance used by African nations could be improved. The need for so many guidance documents is questioned. Adopting a common evidence base from international good‐quality CPGs and layering it with local contexts offer 1 way to efficiently improve African hypertension CPG quality and implementation.
A sociological approach to resilience in health and illness
Authors: Walker Christine , Peterson Chris L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWork on resilience in health and illness has been approached from a number of perspectives. These are the biological and psychosocial with a focus on the individual's responses to cope and adapt to changing circumstances wrought by changing physical health states. This we argue has a place but is far too narrow emphasizing the neoliberal view that the sick or imperfect individual is ultimately responsible for their own health outcomes. In this perspective, the individual's failure to cope or adapt may be seen as a personal failure to interact with the health system on offer. A broader sociological approach focuses on the overarching sociopolitical system within which health and illness occur and looks at the role of concepts such as growing social and economic inequity and the process by which neoliberalism establishes the framework of unequal opportunity and life chances. At this broader level, resilience relates to interplay between the sociopolitical and health systems and the individual. It is the role of the health system to provide opportunities, and supports and to reduce inequities to promote healthy lifestyle and beneficial coping approaches. We aim to understand and describe the mechanisms and opportunities afforded to individuals by their place in the social structure and to argue for health reform that makes a health system that assists all individuals be resilient. Longitudinal data from the Australian Epilepsy Longitudinal Survey are used to understand how income, inequity, and social isolation affect resilience over time.
Effects of Individual Nurse and Hospital Characteristics on Patient Adverse Events and Quality of Care: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Lee Seung Eun , Vincent Catherine , Dahinten V. Susan , Scott Linda D. , Park Chang Gi , Dunn Lopez Karen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate effects of individual nurse and hospital characteristics on patient adverse events and quality of care using a multilevel approach.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of a combination of nurse survey data (N = 1,053 nurses) and facility data (N = 63 hospitals) in Canada.MethodsMultilevel ordinal logistic regression was employed to examine effects of individual nurse and hospital characteristics on patient adverse events. Multilevel linear regressions were used to investigate effects of individual nurse and hospital characteristics on quality of care.FindingsOrganizational safety culture was associated with patient adverse events and quality of care. Controlling for effects of nurse and hospital characteristics, nurses in hospitals with a stronger safety culture were 64% less likely to report administration of wrong medication, time, or dose; 58% less likely to report patient falls with injury; and 60% less likely to report urinary tract infections; and were more likely to report higher levels of quality of care. Additionally, the effects of individual‐level baccalaureate education and years of experience on quality of care differed across hospitals, and hospital‐level nurse education interacted with individual‐level baccalaureate education.ConclusionsThis study makes significant contributions to existing knowledge regarding the positive effect of organizational safety culture on patient adverse events and quality of care.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare organizations should strive to improve their safety culture by creating environments where healthcare providers trust each other, work collaboratively, and share accountability for patient safety and care quality.
Physical postharvest treatments in the control of stem‐end rot of mango
Authors: Terao Daniel , Nechet Kátia de Lima , Frighetto Rosa Toyoko Shiraishi , Anjos Valéria Delgado de Almeida , Benato Eliane Aparecida , Halfeld‐Vieira Bernardo de Almeida 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBotryosphaeria dothidea is the major pathogen of mango in Brazil, causing stem‐end rot, which causes significant losses during transportation and storage. The current strategy to control this particular disease using synthetic fungicides has been ineffective, leaving residues in the fruit. The objective of the research was to study the effect of physical treatments, with hot water rinse brushing (HWRB) and ultraviolet C irradiation (UV‐C), individually and in combination, to control stem‐end rot of mango. Physicochemical parameters, respiration and resistance induction of the fruit were also analysed. The in vitro trials demonstrated that B. dothidea is a thermoresistant fungus. The individual treatments with HWRB at 65°C for 15 s and 2.5 kJ/m2 of UV‐C presented the best results, showing less symptoms of the disease during 18 days of storage. The combination of HWRB with UV‐C did not improve the control of the disease when compared to the treatments applied individually. The physicochemical parameters and the consumer acceptance evaluation showed that both physical treatments preserved the appearance of the fruit and delayed the ripening–senescence process. The induction of defence‐related enzymes revealed that induced resistance was an important mechanism involved in the control of stem‐end rot of mango.
High‐throughput proteomic analysis of candidate biomarker changes in gingival crevicular fluid after treatment of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Guzman Y. A. , Sakellari D. , Papadimitriou K. , Floudas C. A. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectiveUntargeted, high‐throughput proteomics methodologies have great potential to aid in identifying biomarkers for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. The application of such methods to the discovery of candidate biomarkers for the resolution of periodontal inflammation after periodontal therapy has been investigated.Material and MethodsGingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 10 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis at baseline and 1, 5, 9 and 13 weeks after completion of mechanical periodontal treatment. Clinical indices of periodontal disease, including probing depth, recession, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing, were recorded at baseline and 13 weeks. Samples were analyzed using an online liquid chromatography‐nanoelectrospray‐hybrid ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Spectra were processed with the PILOT_PROTEIN proteomics software suite.ResultsClinical parameters were significantly improved 13 weeks after treatment (Wilcoxon signed ranks test, P < .05). From the substantial number of identified proteins, a small subset was extracted by filter methods that included temporal pattern matching, logistic function fitting and mixed‐integer linear optimization. This subset includes azurocidin, lysozyme C and myosin‐9 as candidate biomarkers prominent at baseline and alpha‐smooth muscle actin as prominent 13 weeks after treatment. Cross‐validation studies yielded average predictive accuracy and area under the curve of 0.900 and 0.930, respectively.ConclusionHigh‐throughput proteomic analysis can contribute to identifying endpoints of periodontal therapy. These candidate biomarkers should be evaluated for clinical efficacy.
The complexity of symbiotic interactions influences the ecological amplitude of the host: A case study inStereocaulon(lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: Vančurová Lucie , Muggia Lucia , Peksa Ondřej , Řídká Tereza , Škaloud Pavel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSymbiosis plays a fundamental role in nature. Lichens are among the best known, globally distributed symbiotic systems whose ecology is shaped by the requirements of all symbionts forming the holobiont. The widespread lichen‐forming fungal genusStereocaulonprovides a suitable model to study the ecology of microscopic green algal symbionts (i.e., phycobionts) within the lichen symbiosis. We analysed 282Stereocaulonspecimens, collected in diverse habitats worldwide, using the algalITS rDNAand actin gene sequences and fungalITS rDNAsequences. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a great diversity among the predominant phycobionts. The algal genusAsterochloris(Trebouxiophyceae) was recovered in most sampled thalli, but two additional genera,VulcanochlorisandChloroidium, were also found. We used variation‐partitioning analyses to investigate the effects of climatic conditions, substrate/habitat characteristic, spatial distribution and mycobionts on phycobiont distribution. Based on an analogy, we examined the effects of climate, substrate/habitat, spatial distribution and phycobionts on mycobiont distribution. According to our analyses, the distribution of phycobionts is primarily driven by mycobionts andvice versa. Specificity and selectivity of both partners, as well as their ecological requirements and the width of their niches, vary significantly among the species‐level lineages. We demonstrated that species‐level lineages, which accept more symbiotic partners, have wider climatic niches, overlapping with the niches of their partners. Furthermore, the survival of lichens on substrates with high concentrations of heavy metals appears to be supported by their association with toxicity‐tolerant phycobionts. In general, low specificity towards phycobionts allows the host to associate with ecologically diversified algae, thereby broadening its ecological amplitude.