bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high electron mobility phonotransistor
Authors: Poyser Caroline L. , Li Lianhe H. , Campion Richard P. , Akimov Andrey V. , Linfield Edmund H. , Davies A. Giles , Cunningham John E. , Kent Anthony J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcoustoelectric devices convert acoustic energy to electrical energy and vice versa. Devices working at much higher acoustic frequencies than those currently available have potential scientific and technological applications, for example, as detectors in phononics experiments and as transducers in bulk acoustic wave filters at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here we demonstrated an active acoustoelectronic device based on a GaAs heterostructure: an acoustically gated transistor or phonotransistor. Instead of being controlled in the conventional manner by an electrical signal applied to a metallic or semiconductor gate as in a high electron mobility transistor (HEMT), the drain-source current was controlled by a bulk sub-THz acoustic wave passing through the channel in a direction perpendicular to the current flow.
Machine learning classification for field distributions of photonic modes
Authors: Barth Carlo , Becker Christiane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMachine learning techniques can reveal hidden structures in large amounts of data and have the potential to replace analytical scientific methods. Electromagnetic simulations of photonic nanostructures often produce data in significant amounts, particularly when three-dimensional field distributions are calculated. An optimisation task, aiming at increased light yield from emitters interacting with photonic nanostructures, enforces systematic analysis of these data. Here we present a method that combines finite element simulations and clustering for the identification of photonic modes with large local field energies and specific spatial properties. For illustration, we use an experimental–numerical data set of quantum dot fluorescence on a photonic crystal surface. The application of Gaussian mixture model-based clustering allows to reduce the electric field distributions to a minimal subset of prototypes and the identification of characteristic spatial mode profiles. The presented clustering method potentially enables systematic optimisation of nanostructures for biosensing, bioimaging, and photon upconversion applications.
Effects of FM0807, a novel curcumin derivative, on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory factor release via the ROS/JNK/p53 pathway in RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Wu Yilong , Liu Zhiwei , Wu Weifang , Lin Su , Zhang Nanwen , Wang Honglin , Tan Shuangyu , Lin Peimin , Chen Xiaole , Wu Lixian , Xu Jianhua 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. Curcumin is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. FM0807, a curcumin derivative, was investigated in the present study to determine its effect on cytokines and the possible molecular mechanism. Main methods: The experiments were carried out in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. ELISA, Griess assays, fluorescence-based quantitative PCR, flow cytometric analysis, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) experiments, and Western blotting were carried out to assess the potential effects of FM0807 on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Significant findings: FM0807 had no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with FM0807 inhibited the inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the protein and gene levels. FM0807 also inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. In addition, the activation of the ROS/JNK (c-jun NH2-terminal kinase)/p53 signaling pathway was inhibited by FM0807 in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Conclusion: FM0807 has anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, which suggests a potential clinical application in sepsis. The anti-inflammatory activity of FM0807 may be mediated by the ROS/JNK/p53 signaling pathway.
Insulation condition assessment of high‐voltage rotating machines using hybrid techniques
Authors: Gopinath Singaram , Sathiyasekar Kumarasamy , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Chokkalingam Bharatiraja 
Published: September 2018

The enduring life span of the machine insulation will be decided based on degradation level in motor and generator stator windings. The non‐destructive diagnostic tools like dielectric loss and capacitance test and partial discharge (PD) analysis, recognized to access the deterioration in the insulation system of rotating machines. The experiments reveal various characteristic parameters such as leakage current, dielectric dissipation factor, the capacitance value, and PD magnitude. The integrity of the rotating machine can be find out by analyzing these parameters. This research study shows the hybrid method for prediction of insulation condition in the stator winding by utilizing the artificial neural network (ANN) with gravitational search algorithm in comparison with ANN and ANN–genetic algorithm. The advent of expert systems ensures the quality assurance and service life assessment of the high‐voltage assets. It offers a predictive maintenance solution to personnel dealt with power utilities thereby increasing the uptime, reliability, and productivity, which in turn reducing the operating costs, downtime and unplanned outages. For testing and predicting the insulation status, several 11 kV machines are considered. The predicted results using hybrid techniques extend a close agreement with reference to the data obtained from the experiments performed. The proposed method indicate the competent and trustworthy, by the presented test results.
Neuropalliativmedizinische Aspekte bei Patienten mit Parkinsonerkrankung
Authors: Eva Weck Christiane , Lorenzl Stefan 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEine palliative Betreuung von Parkinsonpatienten gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Symptomlast der Patienten in fortgeschrittenen Stadien ist komplex und hoch. Sie ist oft vergleichbar oder sogar größer als die vieler onkologischer Palliativpatienten. Viele Patienten in den fortgeschrittenen Phasen des M. Parkinson haben palliative Bedürfnisse. Auf Grund von langen, nur sehr eingeschränkt vorhersagbaren Krankheitstrajektorien ist eine Einbindung in gängige Palliativstrukturen nicht einfach. Insbesondere ein Abschätzen des richtigen Zeitpunktes für den Beginn einer palliativen Betreuung ist schwierig. Das Auftreten von Schluckstörungen definiert den Beginn der späten und palliativen Krankheitsphase und kann als Orientierungshilfe genommen werden. In der aktuellen Arbeit soll Bezug genommen werden auf palliativmedizinische Versorgung von Patienten mit Parkinson im speziellen die finale Phase betreffend und mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die pflegenden Angehörigen.
Ernährungsaspekte bei Morbus Parkinson: Erkrankungsrisiko, Diät und Therapie von Funktionsstörungen des Verdauungstraktes
Authors: Csoti Ilona , Dresel Christian , Hauptmann Björn , Müller Thomas , Redecker Christoph , Warnecke Tobias , Wüllner Ulrich 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDaten aus epidemiologischen Studien, die mögliche Assoziationen bestimmter Nahrungsmittel mit dem Risiko an der Parkinson’schen Krankheit zu erkranken untersucht haben, suggerieren, dass manche Nahrungsmittel, wie z. B. nikotinreiche Paprika, dieses modifizieren können. Auch scheinen nach der Analyse einer Reihe von Medikamenten-Zulassungsstudien positive Effekte auf den Krankheitsverlauf durch Coffein (Kaffee) und höhere Harnsäure-, sowie Gesamtcholesterinspiegel vor allem bei Männern vorhanden zu sein.Noch ist aber ungewiss, ob eine Diät oder besondere diätetische Konzepte und eventuell auch die Auswirkungen der Mikrobiota des Darmes auf den menschlichen Stoffwechsel, eine Rolle für den Krankheitsverlauf spielen könnten. Angesichts fehlender prospektiver Ernährungsstudien können nur allgemeine Empfehlungen gegeben werden: eine „ausgewogene“ saisonal-regional frische Ernährung mit Schwerpunkten auf Gemüse, Obst, Nüssen, Fisch, wenig rotem Fleisch und wenig hochverarbeiteter Nahrung mit nur einem geringen Anteil einfacher Kohlenhydrate könnte hilfreich sein. Speziell für ältere Menschen ist eine eiweißarme Diät nicht sinnvoll. Vielmehr muss, um der Entwicklung von Sarkopenie und Malnutrition im Alter vorzubeugen, besonders auf ausreichende Eiweißzufuhr geachtet werden. Die Versorgung mit den Vitaminen B12 und D3 muss sichergestellt werden – gleichzeitig muss von der unkritischen Anwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln, insbesondere von Mikronährstoffen mit vermuteten anti-oxidativen Eigenschaften, abgeraten werden.
Isoflavones from Camphorosma lessingii Inhibit the Organic Anion Transporters OAT1 and OAT3
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Wang Dujuan , Wang Xue , Khutsishvili Manana , Tamanyan Kamilla , Fayvush George , Atha Daniel , Zhang Youcai , Borris Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of Camphorosma lessingii has resulted in the isolation of four previously unreported isoflavones (1–4) and eight known compounds (5–12). Nine of these compounds (1–6, 8–10) are reported for the first time from members of the family Amaranthaceae. The structures of all isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, primarily one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of 6 was confirmed by circular dichroism. Inhibition of the organic anion transporters, OAT1 and OAT3, by the isolated compounds was evaluated. Among them, 7, 2′-dihydroxy- 6,8-dimethoxyisoflavone (1), 2′-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyisoflavone (2), 6,2′-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyisoflavone (3), and 7-methoxyflavone (5) showed a significant inhibitory effect on 6-carboxyfluorescein uptake mediated by OAT1 and OAT3.
Sediment starvation destroys New York City marshes’ resistance to sea level rise
Authors: Peteet Dorothy M. , Nichols Jonathan , Kenna Timothy , Chang Clara , Browne James , Reza Mohammad , Kovari Stephen , Liberman Louisa , Stern-Protz Stephanie 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Worldwide, coastal marshes are facing extreme impacts, including urban encroachment, pollution, upriver dams, and sea level rise. Our research provides a method of sediment history reconstruction to understand the role of plant/animal (organic) and mineral (inorganic) matter in their growth and maintenance, including the effects of humans on the sediment burial. We find that, due to urbanization, these marshes have experienced a remarkable loss of mineral sediment and increase in organic sediment, significantly enhancing the risk of marsh loss with sea level rise by making them structurally weak. Future resilience depends upon active enrichment of mineral sediment in both borrow pits and marshes, ensuring the marshes outpace sea level rise, provide wildlife habitat, and retain polluted sediments beneath them.
Single-stranded telomere-binding protein employs a dual rheostat for binding affinity and specificity that drives function
Authors: Glustrom Leslie W. , Lyon Kenneth R. , Paschini Margherita , Reyes Cynthia M. , Parsonnet Nicholas V. , Toro Tasha B. , Lundblad Victoria , Wuttke Deborah S. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Proteins that bind nucleic acids are frequently categorized as being either specific or nonspecific, with interfaces to match that activity. In this study, we have found that a telomere-binding protein exhibits a degree of specificity for ssDNA that is finely tuned for its function, which includes specificity for G-rich sequences with some tolerance for substitution. Mutations of the protein that dramatically impact its affinity for single-stranded telomeric DNA are lethal, as expected; however, mutations that alter specificity also impact biological function. Unexpectedly, we found mutations that make the protein more specific are also deleterious, suggesting that specificity and nonspecificity in nucleic acid recognition may be achieved through more nuanced mechanisms than currently recognized.
MAVS deficiency induces gut dysbiotic microbiota conferring a proallergic phenotype
Authors: Plantamura Emilie , Dzutsev Amiran , Chamaillard Mathias , Djebali Sophia , Moudombi Lyvia , Boucinha Lilia , Grau Morgan , Macari Claire , Bauché David , Dumitrescu Oana , Rasigade Jean-Philippe , Lippens Saskia , Plateroti Michelina , Kress Elsa , Cesaro Annabelle , Bondu Clovis , Rothermel Ulrike , Heikenwälder Mathias , Lina Gerard , Bentaher-Belaaouaj Azzak , Marie Julien C. , Caux Christophe , Trinchieri Giorgio , Marvel Jacqueline , Michallet Marie-Cecile 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Growing evidence suggests that prominent changes in the gut microbial communities (dysbiosis) play a key role in the development of allergic disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we used a murine model of human allergic contact dermatitis to demonstrate a regulatory role of the adaptor mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) RIG-I–like receptors on disease outcome by modulating gut barrier function and bacterial ecology. Our results highlight an unexpected role of the RIG-I–MAVS pathway in maintenance of intestinal barrier function and modulation of gut commensal flora to prevent the development of inflammatory diseases such as allergy. These data provide a rationale for manipulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic intervention in subjects at risk of developing allergy.
Glyphosate perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees
Authors: Motta Erick V. S. , Raymann Kasie , Moran Nancy A. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Increased mortality of honey bee colonies has been attributed to several factors but is not fully understood. The herbicide glyphosate is expected to be innocuous to animals, including bees, because it targets an enzyme only found in plants and microorganisms. However, bees rely on a specialized gut microbiota that benefits growth and provides defense against pathogens. Most bee gut bacteria contain the enzyme targeted by glyphosate, but vary in whether they possess susceptible versions and, correspondingly, in tolerance to glyphosate. Exposing bees to glyphosate alters the bee gut community and increases susceptibility to infection by opportunistic pathogens. Understanding how glyphosate impacts bee gut symbionts and bee health will help elucidate a possible role of this chemical in colony decline.
Origin and significance of Si and O isotope heterogeneities in Phanerozoic, Archean, and Hadean zircon
Authors: Trail Dustin , Boehnke Patrick , Savage Paul S. , Liu Ming-Chang , Miller Martha L. , Bindeman Ilya 
Published: September 2018

Significance
The crust or its chemically weathered derivatives likely served as a substrate for the origin of life, which could have occurred by 4.1 Ga. Yet no known bona fide terrestrial rocks from this time remain. Studies have thus turned to geochemical signatures within detrital zircons from this time. While zircons do not directly record low-temperature weathering processes, they inherit isotopic information upon recycling and remelting of sediment. We developed a method to fingerprint the identity of material involved in water–rock interactions >4 Ga, bolstered by a large Si and O isotopic dataset of more modern zircon samples. The data presented here provide evidence for chemical sediments, such as cherts and banded iron formations on Earth >4 Ga.
A mapping exercise
Authors: Federici Federico M. , Walker Callum 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the most prolific period of eye-tracking research in Translation Studies considered against the broad backdrop of the four eras of eye-tracking-based research in other disciplines that have used eye-tracking experiments for several decades. Subdivided into two sections, the chapter offers a contextualisation of eye tracking whilst first asserting the widely accepted relationship between visual attention and cognitive effort. By mapping out this emergent niche in Translation Studies, observations on the diachronic developments and the synchronic demands of eye-tracking research in Translation Studies are brought to the attention of the readers. In its desire to contextualise the field, the chapter raises critical questions regarding current methodologies and data analysis in Translation Studies research within this niche and correlated experiment-based approaches. The chapter goes on in the second part to discuss future developments in the field with opportunities to triangulate eye-tracking data in multi-sensorial experiments, by adopting additional complex tools to measure other physiological responses, as part of a broader encapsulation of the body-mind relationship into our conceptualisations of cognitive effort. In its final remarks, the chapter looks at a broader reconceptualisation of the discipline in relation to the growing cross-disciplinary demands of any holistic experimental approach to evidence-based studies of translation phenomena.
Recognition and characterization of translator attributes using sequences of fixations and keystrokes
Authors: Martínez-Gómez Pascual , Han Dan , Carl Michael , Aizawa Akiko 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
As the demand for high quality translation continues to increase, there is a growing interest in developing effective computer-assisted tools that support translators in their routines. However, the development of such tools requires a deeper understanding of the translation process that allows us to identify the motoric, perceptual and cognitive bottlenecks of the task. With the ubiquitous presence of computers and logging software, researchers could record the keystrokes of translators, which allowed us to analyze the motor activities of text production. However, the translation process is much more complex and keystroke logging can only capture a marginal fraction of the perceptual and cognitive activities of translators, which are often the source of most translation effort. In recent years, eye-tracking devices became more affordable and they were integrated in our logging interfaces, thus giving us access to both eye-movement and keystroke events during a translation session. Here we present a framework where we use keystrokes and eye movements as low-level measurements of translation behavior. These measurements are then interpreted as sequences of higher-level activities that we use to create interpretable models of translation. The parameters of these models are estimated with the objective to maximize the recognition accuracy of several translator personal attributes given measurements of their translation behavior. These classifier models can then be queried with the purpose to retrieve the most characterizing features of translators that distinguish a certain target personal attribute. In this chapter we formalize this framework, show its effectiveness in a real task and point the reader towards possible extensions of this work.
Subtitling of British stand-up comedy into Italian
Authors: Filizzola Teresa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
As Chiaro (1992: 5) points out, ‘[t]he concept of what people find funny appears to be surrounded by linguistic, geographical, diachronic, socio-cultural and personal boundaries’. Nevertheless, empirical research on the perception of subtitled humour is still limited, even though scholarly interest in the rendering of humour within Audiovisual Translation Studies has increased considerably over the past decade (Veiga 2009: 3). Moreover, most of the existing literature on the audience of translated audiovisual products mainly relies on the use of survey tools such as questionnaires (see Bairstow 2011 and Di Giovanni 2012) or group discussions (see Tuominen 2011), thus recording and observing people’s reactions based on their subjective opinion. Even publications presenting research projects that use more experimental methods such as eye tracking tend to focus on the translator’s activity rather than on the recipients of its products (see Muñoz Martín 2010 and Lachaud 2011). Furthermore, no works examining the subtitling of British stand-up comedy humour into Italian have been produced, implying that there is no literature on this topic from the audience’s perceptive. In order to bridge the research gaps highlighted above, this work studies the perception and reception of a clip taken from British comedian Eddie Izzard’s show Dress to Kill (1998) by a sample of 103 Italians, adopting a two-step methodology combining an online survey questionnaire and eye tracking. In the specific case of Eddie Izzard, the sense of humour originates from culture-bound and metalinguistic elements, references to sensitive subjects such as history and religion (Glick 2007), as well as surrealism (Friedman 2011: 38; Johnston 2014), which may be challenging for an Italian audience as normally these features are not found in Italian stand-up comedy and humour.
EURAMET.M.D-S3: Solid density comparison
Authors: Medina N , Lumbreras A , Bettin H , Davidson S , Popa G F 
Published: September 2018

A comparison of volume standards was undertaken between CEM (ES), NPL (UK), PTB (DE), and INM (RO). For the comparison three silicon spheres are used as transfer standards with masses 1 kg (provided by PTB), 30 g (provided by PTB) and 125 g (provided by NPL).
The aim of the EURAMET.M.D-S3 solid density comparison is to compare the results of the density (and volume and mass) determinations of solid samples of the participating laboratories and to evaluate the degrees of equivalence according to the Mutual Recognition Arrangement. The reference conditions for density and volume determination were 20 °C and 101 325 Pa.
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Density, silicon sphere, Monte Carlo, comparison

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Predict Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nursing Homes
Authors: Jackson Sarah S , Lydecker Alison D , Magder Laurence S , Roghmann Mary-Claire 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization among nursing home residents is high. Health-care workers (HCWs) often serve as a vector in MRSA transmission. The ability to identify residents who are likely to transmit MRSA to HCWs’ hands and clothing during clinical care is important so that infection control measures, such as Contact Precautions, can be employed. Using data on demographic and clinical characteristics collected from residents of community nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan between 2012 and 2014, we developed a clinical prediction rule predicting the probability of MRSA transmission to HCWs’ gowns. We externally validated this model in a cohort of Department of Veterans Affairs nursing home residents from 7 states between 2012 and 2016. The prediction model, which included sex, race, resident dependency on HCWs for care, the presence of any medical device, diabetes mellitus, and chronic skin breakdown, showed good performance (C statistic = 0.70; sensitivity = 76%, specificity = 49%) in the development set. The decision curve analysis indicated that this model has greater clinical utility than use of a nares surveillance culture for MRSA colonization, which is current clinical practice for placing hospital inpatients on Contact Precautions. The prediction rule demonstrated less utility in the validation cohort, suggesting that a separate rule should be developed for residents of Veterans Affairs nursing homes.