bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D statistical model of the pelvic ring – a CT‐based statistical evaluation of anatomical variation
Authors: Arand Charlotte , Wagner Daniel , Richards Robert Geoff , Noser Hansrudi , Kamer Lukas , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Rommens Pol M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe pelvic ring is a highly complex construct with a central role for human stability and mobility. The observable interindividual differences in skeletal anatomy are caused by anatomical variation in the innominate bones as well as the sacrum, further to differences in the spatial arrangement of these bones to each other. The aim of this study was to generate a 3D statistical model of the entire pelvic ring in order to analyse the observed interindividual differences and anatomical variation. A series of 50 anonymized pelvic CT scans of uninjured Japanese adults [30 males, 20 females, average age of 74.9 years, standard deviation (SD) 16.9 years] were processed and analysed, resulting in a 3D statistical overall mean model and separate male and female mean models. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the overall statistical model predominantly showed size variation (20.39%) followed by shape variation (14.13%), and a variation of the spatial arrangement of the sacrum to the innominate bones in different anatomical peculiarities (11.39 and 8.85%). In addition, selected internal and external pelvic parameters were manually measured with the objective of further evaluating and quantifying the observed interindividual as well as the known sex‐specific differences. A separate statistical model of the grey value distribution based on the given Hounsfield unit (HU) values was calculated for assessing bone mass distribution, thus an indication of bone quality utilizing grey values as a quantitative description of radiodensity was obtained. A consistent pattern of grey value distribution was shown, with the highest grey values observed between the sacro‐iliac joint and the acetabulum along the pelvic brim. Low values were present in the sacral ala, in the area of the iliac fossa as well as in the pubic rami next to the symphysis. The present model allows a differentiated analysis of the observed interindividual variation of the pelvic ring and an evaluation of the grey value distribution therein. Besides providing a better understanding of anatomical variation, this model could be also used as a helpful tool for educational purposes, preoperative planning and implant design.
Effectiveness of a 2‐year post‐natal nurse home‐visiting programme when children are aged 5 years: Results from a natural experiment
Authors: Sawyer Alyssa CP , Kaim Amy LE , Mittinity Murthy N , Jeffs Debra , Lynch John W , Sawyer Michael G 
Published: December 2018

AimTo evaluate the effect of a 2‐year post‐natal nurse home visiting (NHV) programme delivered in routine clinical practice to socially disadvantaged mothers on children's development at 5 years.MethodsThe study was a natural experiment resulting from progressive rollout of NHV (2008–2012). Children of three groups of mothers, all eligible for NHV, were compared: (i) mothers receiving NHV in a metropolitan region (n = 197); (ii) mothers in a rural region prior to NHV being available (n = 94); and (iii) mothers receiving NHV in the rural region after it became available (n = 84). Outcomes were evaluated using the Child Behaviour Checklist, Child–Parent Relationships Scale, Behaviour Inventory of Executive Functioning and Australian Early Development Index.ResultsAnalyses were conducted using augmented inverse probability weighting accounting for differences in the groups' baseline characteristics. While some differences were observed in the range of 8–12% between the intervention and comparison groups (albeit with wide confidence intervals, e.g. 31% less likely to 4% more likely to be experiencing poor outcomes). For the majority of outcomes, however, there were no differences observed between the intervention and comparison groups.ConclusionsPost‐natal NHV provided as a part of routine service delivery did not improve children's outcomes at 5 years. It may be that in the Australian context a NHV intervention, as offered in this study, does not provide additional benefits over standard care.
Prospective randomised blinded clinical trial assessing effectiveness of three dental plaque control methods in dogs
Authors: Allan R. M. , Adams V. J. , Johnston N. W. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of three commonly used methods of controlling dental plaque accumulation within a general practice setting.Materials and MethodsA blinded study, block randomising dogs at recruitment to receive one of three treatments to start after a routine scale and polish procedure: once daily tooth brushing using a toothbrush and veterinary toothpaste, once daily administration of a single dental hygiene chew or a prescription dental diet. Blinded scoring of plaque accumulation, both coverage and thickness, was performed at the end of the 6‐week study.ResultsA total of 22 dogs completed the study, which simultaneously assessed the effectiveness of the three means of plaque control. Daily tooth brushing was shown to be more than three times as effective at controlling plaque accumulation compared to using a daily dental chew or dental diet. The dental plaque scores for the diet and dental chews were not significantly different from one another and there was much greater variability in the mouth scores for these two groups of dogs compared to the tooth brushing group.Clinical SignificanceThe study design has been shown to be an effective means of assessing plaque accumulation over a 6‐week period using a clean mouth model. Secondly, this study adds to the evidence which shows that daily tooth brushing is the most effective single method of reducing plaque accumulation and optimising dogs’ oral health.
Hepatitis C virus infection in Australian psychiatric inpatients: A multicenter study of seroprevalence, risk factors and treatment experience
Authors: Ramachandran Jeyamani , Budd Silver , Slattery Hannah , Muller Kate , Mohan Titus , Cowain Taryn , Tilley Emma , Baas Andrea , Wigg Laura , Alexander Jacob , Woodman Richard , Kaambwa Billingsley , Wigg Alan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryScreening and treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were not prioritised in psychiatric patients due to adverse neuropsychiatric effects of interferon therapy despite reports of high prevalence. However, with the safe new antiviral drugs, HCV eradication has become a reality in these patients. The aim of this study was to report HCV seroprevalence, risk factors and treatment model in an Australian cohort. This prospective study involved patients admitted to four inpatient psychiatric units, from December 2016 to December 2017. After pretest counselling and consent, HCV testing was done; information on risk factors collected. A total of 260 patients (70% male), median age 44 years (IQR 24), were studied. The HCV seroprevalence was 10.8% (28/260) with 95% CI 7‐15. Independent predictors of HCV positivity were injection drug use (P < 0.001, OR 44.05, 95% CI 7.9‐245.5), exposure to custodial stay (P = 0.011, OR 7.34, 95% CI 1.6‐33.9) and age (P = 0.011, OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02‐1.16). Eight of the 16 HCV RNA‐positive patients were treated. Hepatitis nurses liaised with community mental health teams for treatment initiation and follow‐up under supervision of hepatologists. Seven patients achieved sustained viral response, one achieved end of treatment response. The remaining eight patients were difficult to engage with. In conclusion, HCV prevalence was high in our cohort of psychiatric inpatients. Although treatment uptake was achieved only in 50% patients, it was successfully completed in all, with innovative models of care. These findings highlight the need to integrate HCV screening with treatment linkage in psychiatry practice.
The genomic basis of adaptation to high‐altitude habitats in the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana)
Authors: Montero‐Mendieta Santiago , Tan Ken , Christmas Matthew J. , Olsson Anna , Vilà Carles , Wallberg Andreas , Webster Matthew T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) is of central importance for agriculture in Asia. It has adapted to a wide variety of environmental conditions across its native range in southern and eastern Asia, which includes high‐altitude regions. eastern honey bees inhabiting mountains differ morphologically from neighbouring lowland populations and may also exhibit differences in physiology and behaviour. We compared the genomes of 60 eastern honey bees collected from high and low altitudes in Yunnan and Gansu provinces, China, to infer their evolutionary history and to identify candidate genes that may underlie adaptation to high altitude. Using a combination of FST‐based statistics, long‐range haplotype tests and population branch statistics, we identified several regions of the genome that appear to have been under positive selection. These candidate regions were strongly enriched for coding sequences and had high haplotype homozygosity and increased divergence specifically in highland bee populations, suggesting they have been subjected to recent selection in high‐altitude habitats. Candidate loci in these genomic regions included genes related to reproduction and feeding behaviour in honey bees. Functional investigation of these candidate loci is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of adaptation to high‐altitude habitats in the eastern honey bee.
Engaging Gadamer and qualia for the mot juste of individualised care
Authors: Peck Blake , Mummery Jane 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe cornerstone of contemporary nursing practice is the provision of individualised nursing care. Sustaining and nourishing the stream of research frameworks that inform individualised care are the findings from qualitative research. At the centre of much qualitative research practice, however, is an assumption that experiential understanding can be delivered through a thematisation of meaning which, it will be argued, can lead the researcher to make unsustainable assumptions about the relations of language and meaning‐making to experience. We will show that an uncritical subscription to such assumptions can undermine the researcher's capacity to represent experience at the high level of abstraction consistent with experience itself and to thus inform genuinely individualised care. Instead, using qualia as a touchstone for the possibilities of understanding and representing experience, we trace the ‘designative’ and ‘expressive’ distinction to language in order to raise critical questions concerning both these assumptions and common practices within qualitative research. Following the ‘expressive’ account of language, we foreground in particular the hermeneutic work of Gadamer through which we explore the possibilities for a qualitative research approach that would better seek the mot juste of individual experience and illuminate qualia in order to better inform genuinely individualised care.
Successful treatment of solar urticaria with UVA1 hardening in three patients
Authors: Lyons Alexis B. , Peacock Anjelica , Zubair Raheel , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Lim Henry W. 
Published: December 2018

SummarySolar urticaria (SU) is an uncommon photodermatosis that presents with sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light which triggers urticarial lesions. Treatment of SU is a challenge and usually involves antihistamines and photoprotection as a first‐line treatment. Phototherapy regimens are recommended if these first‐line treatments fail to control the disease. Induction of tolerance by phototherapy (UV hardening) has been commonly described as a treatment modality. UVA1 has deeper penetration to the dermis than UVA or NB‐UVB; its use in SU has not been previously reported. We present 3 patients with SU who were successfully treated with UVA1.
Lifestyle factors, self‐reported health and sense of coherence among fathers/partners in relation to risk for depression and anxiety in early pregnancy
Authors: Finnbogadóttir Hafrún , Persson Eva K. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundFather's health is important for mothers and unborn/newborn children and knowledge about expectant fathers’ health in relation to lifestyle and psychosocial aspects is essential.AimsTo determine sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, self‐reported health and sense of coherence among fathers and partners in relation to their risk for depression and anxiety in early pregnancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional design, descriptive statistics, chi‐squared analysis, T‐test, binary logistic regression, multiple logistic regression with OR and 95% CI were used.ResultsA total of 532 prospective fathers/partners constituted the cohort (mean age 31.55, SD 5.47 years). Nearly, one in ten (9.8%) had a statistically high risk for depression; mainly those who were unemployed (p = 0.043), had financial distress (0.001), reported ‘very or fairly bad’ health (p = 0.002), had a ‘very or fairly bad’ sexual satisfaction (p = 0.006) and scored low on the SOC scale (p < 0.001). They smoked more often (p = 0.003) were hazardous users of alcohol (p = 0.001) and slept with difficulties (p = 0.001). Those with sleeping difficulties were 5.7 times more likely to have several symptoms of depression (p = 0.001). Hazardous users of alcohol and smokers had 3.1 respectively 3.0 times higher risk for depression (p = 0.001 respectively 0.003). The single strongest risk factor was a low score on the SOC‐scale which gave 10.6 (AOR 10.6; 95% CI 5.4–20.6) higher risk for depression. High‐anxiety ‘just now’ was reported by 8.9% and ‘in general’ by 7.9%, and those who had sleeping difficulties reported ‘very or fairly bad’ health (p < 0.001).ConclusionsAllocating more resources and introducing more family‐focused care with depression and anxiety screening in early pregnancy for both expecting parents at antenatal care should be strongly considered by actors and policymakers, as this is a step in maintaining a family's well‐being.
Parents caring for children with normal life span threatening disabilities: a narrative review of literature
Authors: Geuze Liesbeth , Goossensen Anne 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundParents caring for children with normal life span threatening disabilities are exposed to numerous and accumulated stressors. In alignment with current approaches of evidence and value based care, it is essential to integrate knowledge of what encourages parents to hold or recover well‐being in care planning and delivery. An omission in knowledge was identified concerning the outline of parents’ challenges and ambitions understood from their perspective.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the insiders perspective of parents caring for children with profound disabilities.MethodThe electronic databases CINAHL, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and PubMed/MEDLINE were searched to identify relevant research knowledge (≥2005; peer‐reviewed publications in English language). The PRISMA framework was used for structuring literature screening. Criteria for screening and assessing eligibility led to inclusion of 26 studies. Studies were checked for methodological quality according to the critical appraisal tool developed by Hawker. Literature was reviewed following guidelines for narrative synthesis.Results and conclusionThe majority of included studies presented similar, consistent findings though highlighted different aspects of the researched experiences by using specific scopes to understand and interpret the field of knowledge around the meaning of parenting a child with profound disabilities. The process of reviewing led to the overarching theme of keeping balance. Within this overarching theme, six dimensions were elaborated: rediscovering and maintaining family life, delicate inclusion in society, balancing within care triads, integration in service systems, financial consequences and nourishing personal resources to maintain or recover balance. Policymakers, community stakeholders and professional care deliverers should use extracted evidence in order to facilitate debated humanisation of care processes.
Long‐term survival with stereotactic radiotherapy for imaging‐diagnosed pituitary tumors in dogs
Authors: Hansen Katherine S. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Théon Alain P. , Kent Michael S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPublished studies on the use of stereotactic radiotherapy for dogs with pituitary tumors are limited. This retrospective observational study describes results of stereotactic radiotherapy for 45 dogs with imaging‐diagnosed pituitary tumors. All dogs were treated at a single hospital during the period of December 2009–2015. The stereotactic radiotherapy was delivered in one 15 Gray (Gy) fraction or in three 8 Gy fractions. At the time of analysis, 41 dogs were deceased. Four were alive and censored from all survival analyses; one dog received 8 Gy every other day and was removed from protocol analyses. The median overall survival from first treatment was 311 days (95% confidence interval 226–410 days [range 1–2134 days]). Thirty‐two dogs received 15 Gy (median overall survival 311 days; 95% confidence interval [range 221–427 days]), and 12 received 24 Gy on three consecutive days (median overall survival 245 days, 95% confidence interval [range 2–626 days]). Twenty‐nine dogs had hyperadrenocorticism (median overall survival 245 days), while 16 had nonfunctional masses (median overall survival 626 days). Clinical improvement was reported in 37/45 cases. Presumptive signs of acute adverse effects within 4 months of stereotactic radiotherapy were noted in 10/45, and most had improvement spontaneously or with steroids. Late effects versus tumor progression were not discernable, but posttreatment blindness (2), hypernatremia (2), and progressive neurological signs (31) were reported. There was no statistical difference in median overall survival for different protocols. Patients with nonfunctional masses had longer median overall survival than those with hyperadrenocorticism (P = 0.0003). Survival outcomes with stereotactic radiotherapy were shorter than those previously reported with definitive radiation, especially for dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.
Fluorescent cell tracer dye permits real‐time assessment of re‐epithelialization in a serum‐free ex vivo human skin wound assay
Authors: Nasir Nur Azida Mohd , Paus Ralf , Ansell David M. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEx vivo wounded human skin organ culture is an invaluable tool for translationally relevant preclinical wound healing research. However, studies incorporating this system are still underutilized within the field because of the low throughput of histological analysis required for downstream assessment. In this study, we use intravital fluorescent dye to lineage trace epidermal cells, demonstrating that wound re‐epithelialization of human ex vivo wounds occurs consistent with an extending shield mechanism of collective migration. Moreover, we also report a relatively simple method to investigate global epithelial closure of explants in culture using daily fluorescent dye treatment and en face imaging. This study is the first to quantify healing of ex vivo wounds in a longitudinal manner, providing global assessments for re‐epithelialization and tissue contraction. We show that this approach can identify alterations to healing with a known healing promoter. This methodological study highlights the utility of human ex vivo wounds in enhancing our understanding of mechanisms of human skin repair and in evaluating novel therapies to improve healing outcome.
Platelet‐rich plasma for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: del Pino‐Sedeño Tasmania , Trujillo‐Martín María M. , Andia Isabel , Aragón‐Sánchez Javier , Herrera‐Ramos Estefanía , Iruzubieta Barragán Francisco J. , Serrano‐Aguilar Pedro 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTFoot ulcer is a major complication of diabetes mellitus and often precedes leg amputation. Among the different methods to achieve ulcer healing, the use of platelet‐rich plasma, which is rich in multiple growth factors and cytokines and may have similarities to the natural wound healing process, is gaining in popularity. A systematic review with meta‐analyses was performed to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers compared to standard treatment or any other alternative therapy. The electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were consulted in March 2017 with no restrictions placed on the publication date. Predefined criteria were used to determine inclusion of studies and to assess their methodologic quality. Eight randomized clinical trials and two prospective longitudinal‐observational studies with control group were included. Platelet‐rich plasma treatment increased the likelihood of chronic wound healing (RR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.57, I2 = 15%) while the volume of the ulcer (MD = 0.12 cm2; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.16; p < 0.01; I2 = 0%) and time to complete wound healing (MD = −11.18 days; 95% CI: −20.69, −1.68; I2 = 53%) decreased. Regarding safety profile, platelet‐rich plasma did not differ from standard treatment in terms of probability of occurrence of wound complications (RR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.28; I2 = 0%) or recurrences (RR = 2.76; 95% CI: 0.23, 33.36; p = 0.43; I2 = 82%) but it decreased the rate of adverse events (RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.96; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). Cumulative meta‐analysis revealed that there is enough evidence to demonstrate a statistically significant benefit. However, studies included presented serious methodologic flaws. According to the results, platelet‐rich plasma could be considered a candidate treatment for nonhealing of diabetic foot ulcers.