bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single puncture versus standard double needle arthrocentesis for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Nagori S. A. , Roy Chowdhury S. K. , Thukral H. , Jose A. , Roychoudhury A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the current evidence in order to assess the efficacy of single puncture arthrocentesis vs standard double needle arthrocentesis in the management of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) disorders. An electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify English studies published up until October 2017. Eligible studies were selected based on inclusion criteria and included randomised controlled trials(RCTs) comparing single puncture arthrocentesis and standard double needle arthrocentesis for the management TMJ disorders. The initial screening identified 984 records, of which only 5 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A high degree of heterogeneity was found in the 5 studies with each reporting different sample selection and arthrocentesis protocol. All 5 studies reported no difference in reduction in pain intensity and improvement in maximal mouth opening between the single puncture technique and standard double needle technique. This review provides some evidence that single puncture arthrocentesis is clinically as efficacious as standard double needle arthrocentesis. There is a need of well‐designed RCT with standard protocol of arthrocentesis comparing different single puncture techniques and standard double needle technique for the management of TMJ disorders.
Budget flexibility, government spending, and welfare
Authors: Yaşar Sezer 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA growing literature in economics provides a theory of budget negotiations relying on Baron and Ferejohn's legislative‐bargaining approach. This literature assumes that legislators decide on all dimensions of government spending once and for all in a period during budget negotiations. However, legislators leave allocation decision of some funds to the executive authority and let it adjust government spending according to changing priorities in a year under certain restrictions. In this paper, the author develops a legislative‐bargaining model to investigate the effects of budget flexibility on government spending and welfare. In addition, he analyzes how legislators choose the level of flexibility. He shows that, if legislators decide on all dimensions of government spending, high polarization leads to greater government spending. However, if the executive authority allocates government resources, high polarization leads to lower government spending. Besides, when the executive authority allocates government resources under high polarization, legislators cannot use their political power to induce overprovision of their preferred public good. When legislators can choose the level of budget flexibility, if the probability of polarization is high they prefer to control all dimensions of government spending. The author shows that budget flexibility benefits society only under high probability of polarization.
The potential for dispersal of microalgal resting cysts by migratory birds
Authors: Tesson Sylvie V. M. , Weißbach Astrid , Kremp Anke , Lindström Åke , Rengefors Karin 
Published: June 2018

Most microalgal species are geographically widespread, but little is known about how they are dispersed. One potential mechanism for long‐distance dispersal is through birds, which may transport cells internally (endozoochory) and deposit them during, or in‐between, their migratory stopovers. We hypothesize that dinoflagellates, in particular resting stages, can tolerate bird digestion; that bird temperature, acidity, and retention time negatively affect dinoflagellate viability; and that recovered cysts can germinate after passage through the birds’ gut, contributing to species‐specific dispersal of the dinoflagellates across scales. Tolerance of two dinoflagellate species (Peridiniopsis borgei, a warm‐water species andApocalathium malmogiense, a cold‐water species) to Mallard gut passage was investigated using in vitro experiments simulating the gizzard and caeca conditions. The effect of in vitro digestion and retention time on cell integrity, cell viability, and germination capacity of the dinoflagellate species was examined targeting both their vegetative and resting stages. Resting stages (cysts) of both species were able to survive simulated bird gut passage, even if their survival rate and germination were negatively affected by exposure to acidic condition and bird internal temperature. Cysts ofA. malmogiensewere more sensitive thanP. borgeito treatments and to the presence of digestive enzymes. Vegetative cells did not survive conditions of bird internal temperature and formed pellicle cysts when exposed to gizzard‐like acid conditions. We show that dinoflagellate resting cysts serve as dispersal propagules through migratory birds. Assuming a retention time of viable cysts of 2–12 h to duck stomach conditions, cysts could be dispersed 150–800 km and beyond.
Comparative assessment of the Euglena gracilis var. saccharophila variant strain as a producer of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon under varying light conditions
Authors: Sun Angela , Hasan Mafruha Tasnin , Hobba Graham , Nevalainen Helena , Te'o Junior 
Published: June 2018

Euglena gracilis Z and a “sugar loving” variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila were investigated as producers of paramylon, a β‐1,3‐glucan polysaccharide with potential medicinal and industrial applications. The strains were grown under diurnal or dark growth conditions on a glucose–yeast extract medium supporting high‐level paramylon production. Both strains produced the highest paramylon yields (7.4–8 g · L−1, respectively) while grown in the dark, but the maximum yield was achieved faster by E. gracilis var. saccharophila (48 h vs. 72 h). The glucose‐to‐paramylon yield coefficient Ypar/glu = 0.46 ± 0.03 in the E. gracilis var. saccharophila cultivation, obtained in this study, is the highest reported to date. Proteomic analysis of the metabolic pathways provided molecular clues for the strain behavior observed during cultivation. For example, overexpression of enzymes in the gluconeogenesis/glycolysis pathways including fructokinase‐1 and chloroplastic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBP) may have contributed to the faster rate of paramylon accumulation in E. gracilis var. saccharophila. Differentially expressed proteins in the early steps of chloroplastogenesis pathway including plastid uroporphyrinogen decarboxylases, photoreceptors, and a highly abundant (68‐fold increase) plastid transketolase may have provided the E. gracilis var. saccharophila strain an advantage in paramylon production during diurnal cultivations. In conclusion, the variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila seems to be well suited for producing large amounts of paramylon. This work has also resulted in the identification of molecular targets for future improvement of paramylon production in E. gracilis, including the FBP and phosophofructokinase 1, the latter being a key regulator of glycolysis.
Cation distribution in orthopyroxenes from São João Nepomuceno iron meteorite inferred from 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy: Implications for thermal history and origin of IVA parent body
Authors: Dos Santos Edivaldo , Scorzelli Rosa B. , Varela Maria E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSão João Nepomuceno (SJN) is an IVA iron meteorite, found in Minas Gerais state (Brazil) in 1960, that consists of Fe‐Ni metal matrix and coarse‐grained silicate inclusions. In spite of the extensive work performed on the IVA irons, there is still no consensus about their origin and thermal history. Their particular chemistry and range in metallographic cooling rates are difficult to explain using conventional models. Furthermore, metal–silicate mixing of the IVA group remains a complex issue. In this work, the 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy was applied for measuring the intracrystalline Fe‐Mg distribution in orthopyroxenes extracted from SJN. The Mössbauer data associated with Ganguly's cooling rate numerical model were used to investigate the thermal history of SJN meteorite. The results are the background for discussions about the IVA formation models, aiming to improve the understanding of the origin of IVA iron meteorite group.
Child nutritional status among births exceeding ideal family size in a high fertility population
Authors: Costa Megan E. , Trumble Benjamin , Kaplan Hillard , Gurven Michael D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIdeal family size (IFS) is measured in social surveys to indicate unmet need for contraception and impending shifts in fertility behaviour. Whether exceeding IFS affects parental behaviour in ways that result in lower investments in child nutrition, well‐being, and educational attainment is not known. This study examines parental IFS and the association between exceeding stated ideals and child nutritional status in a high‐fertility, high‐mortality population in the Bolivian Amazon. Height‐for‐age z‐scores, weight‐for‐age z‐scores, weight‐for‐height z‐scores, stunting, haemoglobin, and anaemia status in 638 children aged 0–5 years are predicted as a function of birth order in relation to parental IFS, adjusting for household characteristics and mother and child random effects. Children of birth orders above paternal IFS experience higher weight‐for‐age z‐scores when living further away from the market town of San Borja, consistent with underlying motivations for higher IFS and lower human capital investment in children in more remote areas (β = .009, p = .027). Overall, we find no statistical evidence that birth orders in excess of parental ideals are associated with compromised child nutrition below age 2, a period of intensive breastfeeding in this population. Despite a vulnerability to nutritional deficiencies postweaning for children age 2–5, there was no association between birth order in excess of parental ideals and lower nutritional status. Further studies examining this association at various stages of the fertility transition will elucidate whether reported ideal or optimal family sizes are flexible as trade‐offs between quality and quantity of children shift during the transition to lower fertility.
Nitrogen and phosphate metabolism in ectomycorrhizas
Authors: Nehls Uwe , Plassard Claude 
Published: June 2018

Summary1047I.Introduction1047II.Mobilization of soil N/P by ECM fungi1048III.N/P uptake1048IV.N/P assimilation1049V.N/P storage and remobilization1049VI.Hyphal N/P efflux at the plant–fungus interface1052VII.Conclusion and research needs1054Acknowledgements1055References1055SummaryNutrient homeostasis is essential for fungal cells and thus tightly adapted to the local demand in a mycelium with hyphal specialization. Based on selected ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal models, we outlined current concepts of nitrogen and phosphate nutrition and their limitations, and included knowledge from Baker's yeast when major gaps had to be filled. We covered the entire pathway from nutrient mobilization, import and local storage, distribution within the mycelium and export at the plant–fungus interface. Even when nutrient import and assimilation were broad issues forECMfungi, we focused mainly on nitrate and organic phosphorus uptake, as other nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) sources have been covered by recent reviews. Vacuolar N/P storage and mobilization represented another focus point of this review. Vacuoles are integrated into cellular homeostasis and central for anECMmycelium at two locations: soil‐growing hyphae and hyphae of the plant–fungus interface. Vacuoles are also involved in long‐distance transport. We further discussed potential mechanisms of bidirectional long‐distance nutrient transport (distances from millimetres to metres). A final focus of the review was N/P export at the plant–fungus interface, where we compared potential efflux mechanisms and pathways, and discussed their prerequisites.
The esophagiome: integrated anatomical, mechanical, and physiological analysis of the esophago‐gastric segment
Authors: Zhao Jingbo , McMahon Barry , Fox Mark , Gregersen Hans 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEsophageal diseases are highly prevalent and carry significant socioeconomic burden. Despite the apparently simple function of the esophagus, we still struggle to better understand its physiology and pathophysiology. The assessment of large data sets and application of multiscale mathematical organ models have gained attention as part of the Physiome Project. This has long been recognized in cardiology but has only recently gained attention for the gastrointestinal(GI) tract. The term “esophagiome” implies a holistic assessment of esophageal function, from cellular and muscle physiology to the mechanical responses that transport and mix fluid contents. These anatomical, mechanical, and physiological models underlie the development of a “virtual esophagus” modeling framework to characterize and analyze function and disease. Functional models incorporate anatomical details with sensory–motor responses, especially related to biomechanical functions such as bolus transport. Our review builds on previous reviews and focuses on assessment of detailed anatomical and geometric data using advanced imaging technology for evaluation of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and on esophageal mechanophysiology assessed using technologies that distend the esophagus. Integration of mechanics‐ and physiology‐based analysis is a useful characteristic of the esophagiome. Experimental data on pressures and geometric characteristics are useful for the validation of mathematical and computer models of the esophagus that may provide predictions of novel endoscopic, surgical, and pharmaceutical treatment options.
Deficiency of BrpA in Streptococcus mutans reduces virulence in rat caries model
Authors: Wen Zezhang T. , Scott‐Anne Kathleen , Liao Sumei , De Arpan , Luo Meng , Kovacs Christopher , Narvaez Brendaliz S. , Faustoferri Roberta C. , Yu Qingzhao , Taylor Christopher M. , Quivey Robert G. 
Published: June 2018

Our recent studies have shown that BrpA in Streptococcus mutans plays a critical role in cell envelope biogenesis, stress responses, and biofilm formation. In this study, a 10‐species consortium was used to assess how BrpA deficiency influences the establishment, persistence, and competitiveness of S. mutans during growth in a community under conditions typical of the oral cavity. Results showed that, like the wild‐type, the brpA mutant was able to colonize and establish on the surfaces tested. Relative to the wild‐type, however, the brpA mutant had a reduced ability to persist and grow in the 10‐species consortium (P < .001). A rat caries model was also used to examine the effect of BrpA, as well as Psr, a BrpA paralog, on S. mutans cariogenicity. The results showed no major differences in infectivity between the wild‐type and the brpA and psr mutants. Unlike the wild‐type, however, infection with the brpA mutant, but not the psr mutant, showed no significant differences in both total numbers of carious lesions and caries severity, compared with the control group that received bacterial growth medium (P > .05). Metagenomic and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that S. mutans infection caused major alterations in the composition of the rats’ plaque microbiota and that significantly less S. mutans was identified in the rats infected with the brpA mutant compared with those infected with the wild‐type and the psr mutant. These results further suggest that BrpA plays a critical role in S. mutans pathophysiology and that BrpA has potential as a therapeutic target in the modulation of S. mutans virulence.
Kant's Critique of Instrumental Reason
Authors: Kohl Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractI argue against the prevalent view that in addition to the categorical imperative of morality, Kant accepts a further law of practical reason, ‘the’ Hypothetical Imperative. Kant rejects the idea that instrumental reason can be a source ofa priori, objectively necessary normative requirements. His critique of instrumental reason is a central component of his argument for the supreme rational authority of morality: only moral reason can provide genuine, objective normative‐practical necessities. There are no objective practical necessities in our pursuit of empirical ends and desires. Hence, non‐moral agency is a rationally impoverished form of agency.
Epidemiology and outcomes of pretransplant methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus Aureus screening in pediatric solid organ transplant candidates
Authors: Paulsen Grant , Blum Samantha , Danziger‐Isakov Lara 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMRSA infection following SOT is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, but epidemiology and risk factors for colonization prior to pediatric SOT remain unclear. A retrospective cohort of SOT patients ≤21 years of age from 2009 to 2014 was evaluated. Demographics, MRSA screens, timing of transplantation, and MRSA infection were abstracted. From 2013 to 2014, 130 SOT candidates were screened or had known prior MRSA infection. Seventeen patients (13%) were MRSA colonized. Liver transplant candidates were least likely to be colonized (OR 0.22, CI:0.06‐0.81, P = .02); greatest risk of colonization was in lung (OR 18.7, CI:1.9‐182.3, P = .03), abdominal multivisceral (OR 7.5, CI:1.5‐38.6, P = .02), and cardiac patients with history of cardiothoracic surgery (OR 8.0, CI:1.7‐36.0, P = .007). In univariable analysis, African American patients were more likely to be colonized (OR 7.1, CI:2.49‐19.41, P = .0005). There were 3 early MRSA infections in screened patients, incidence of 3.9%; only one in a colonized patient. Thirteen percent of screened pediatric SOT candidates were MRSA colonized, with greatest risk in lung, multivisceral and cardiac patients with prior cardiothoracic surgery. Early MRSA infection occurred in 3.9% of transplanted patients. Cardiothoracic and multivisceral organ transplant candidates may benefit the most from targeted MRSA screening.
The impact of expanded health insurance coverage for unauthorized pregnant women on prenatal care utilization
Authors: Atkins Danielle N. , Held Mary L. , Lindley Lisa C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of expanding Medicaid health insurance coverage for unauthorized women on prenatal care utilization.Design and SampleA natural experiment design was used. We examined the prenatal care utilization of 20,876 unauthorized women from Nebraska, which expanded Medicaid coverage for unauthorized women, and South Carolina, which has never expanded coverage.MeasuresMeasurements of prenatal care utilization included adequate prenatal care using the Kotelchuck Index and the number of prenatal care visits. The policy independent variable of interest was an interaction between the policy years (2007–2009) and Nebraska residence. Demographic characteristics were included as covariates. Analysis entailed a difference‐in‐difference approach to compare prenatal care utilization by state, both before and after legislation was passed to fund care among unauthorized women in Nebraska.ResultsWomen with insurance coverage were more likely to utilize prenatal services. Unauthorized women living in Nebraska during Medicaid expansion were 28% more likely to receive adequate prenatal care (OR = 1.28, p < 0.01) and had about one more prenatal care visit (IRR = 1.05, p < 0.01) than women who did not have expanded Medicaid coverage.ConclusionsFindings have important public health policy implications to support improved birth outcomes among native‐born infants of unauthorized women.
T‐cell tolerance as a potential effect of congenital leishmaniasis on offspring immunity
Authors: Galindo‐Sevilla N. , Mancilla‐Ramírez J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCongenital transmission of leishmaniasis is recognized in cases detected by passive surveillance. Most cases are from low‐resource countries, limiting the study of several important aspects of this route of infection, including the offspring's immune response. Studies on natural and experimentally infected animals suggest that parasites might be transmitted to the embryo or foetus at any time during pregnancy. As immune system undergoes sequential stages of development, an infection before the time of self‐recognition could lead to central tolerance, making an individual specifically tolerant and susceptible to infection. In the alternative scenario, infection after self‐recognition would allow the proper development of T‐lymphocyte clones in response to Leishmania antigens, providing resistance to the disease. Newborns undergo a transient period of low expression of several immune surface molecules and a naïve adaptive immune response with no memory, which together might contribute to slow elimination of the parasite over several months. This insight is a proposed independent mechanism of the previously proven T‐cell exhaustion and must be investigated. Analyses of infected placenta, cord blood and infant immunity are required for a better understanding of immunity in congenital leishmaniasis infection.
Label‐free proteome of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) seminal plasma
Authors: Brito Mayara F. , Auler Patrícia A. , Tavares Guilherme C. , Rezende Cristiana P. , Almeida Gabriel M. F. , Pereira Felipe L. , Leal Carlos A. G. , Moura Arlindo de Alencar , Figueiredo Henrique C. P. , Henry Marc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe study aimed to describe the Bubalus bubalis seminal plasma proteome using a label‐free shotgun UDMSE approach. A total of 859 nonredundant proteins were identified across five biological replicates with stringent identification. Proteins specifically related to sperm maturation and protection, capacitation, fertilization and metabolic activity were detected in the buffalo seminal fluid. In conclusion, we provide a comprehensive proteomic profile of buffalo seminal plasma, which establishes a foundation for further studies designed to understand regulation of sperm function and discovery of novel biomarkers for fertility. MS data are available in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003728.