bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum quenches and thermalization in SYK models
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritabrata , Jatkar Dileep P. , Sorokhaibam Nilakash 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study non-equilibrium dynamics in SYK models using quantum quench. We consider models with two, four, and higher fermion interactions (q= 2,4, and higher) and use two different types of quench protocol, which we call step and bump quenches. We analyse evolution of fermion two-point functions without long time averaging. We observe that inq= 2 theory the two-point functions do not thermalize. We find thermalization inq= 4 and higher theories without long time averaging. We calculate two different exponents of which one is equal to the coupling and the other is proportional to the final temperature. This result is more robust than thermalization obtained from long time averaging as proposed by the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis(ETH). Thermalization achieved without long time averaging is more akin to mixing than ergodicity.
Impulsivity and nonsuicidal self‐injury: A longitudinal examination among emerging adults
Authors: Hamza Chloe A. , Willoughby Teena 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionNonsuicidal self‐injury (e.g., self‐cutting without lethal intent) is a widely occurring behavior among adolescents and emerging adults. Heightened impulsivity during the adolescent and emerging adult years may contribute to an increased risk for nonsuicidal self‐injury onset and engagement during these developmental periods; however, longitudinal research on impulsivity and nonsuicidal self‐injury among young persons is lacking.MethodTo extend previous research, and elucidate the direction of effects between impulsivity and nonsuicidal self‐injury, 782 emerging adults (75% female) completed assessments of impulsivity and nonsuicidal self‐injury annually for three years.ResultsPath analysis revealed a bidirectional relation, such that higher impulsivity predicted greater nonsuicidal self‐injury frequency over time, and greater nonsuicidal self‐injury frequency predicted higher impulsivity over time, even after taking into account past scores on these variables as well as other participant factors (e.g., age, sex, depressive symptoms, anxiety). Gender did not moderate the pattern of associations.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that impulsivity may not only lead to nonsuicidal self‐injury, but that frequent engagement in nonsuicidal self‐injury may undermine regulatory skill development and lead to greater impulsivity over time during the emerging adult years.
Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term Efficacy and Tolerance of Tadalafil Daily Compared With Tadalafil On-Demand in Treating Men With Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Zhongbao , Chen Hongyan , Wu Jitao , Wang Jipeng , Zhang Xuebao , Ma Jiajia , Cui Yuanshan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent in aging men. Tadalafil daily and on-demand are widely used for the treatment of ED.

Aim
We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil daily compared with tadalafil on-demand in treating men with ED after at least 24 weeks of long-term treatment.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials of tadalafil daily vs on-demand in treating men with ED were searched using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. The data was calculated by RevMan version 5.3.0. The references of related articles were also searched.

Outcomes
International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain, sexual encounter profile question 2 (SEP2), SEP question 3 (SEP3), any treatment-emergent adverse event (AE), discontinuation due to AEs, myalgia, back pain, headache, dyspepsia, and nasopharyngitis.

Results
4 articles, including 1,035 participants were studied. The analysis found that tadalafil daily had a greater improvement than tadalafil on-demand in terms of International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (mean difference (MD) 1.24; 95% CI 0.03−2.44; P = .04), SEP2 (MD 10.08; 95% CI 9.15−11.01; P &lt; .00001) and SEP3 (MD 8.19; 95% CI 2.09−14.29; P = .009) in treating ED after at least 24 weeks treatment cycle. For safety, tadalafil on-demand had a higher incidence of any treatment-emergent AE (odds ratio 0.73; 95% CI 0.56−0.96; P = .02) compared with tadalafil daily, but for other aspects, including discontinuation due to AEs, myalgia, back pain, headache, dyspepsia, and nasopharyngitis, there were no significant difference between the 2 treatments.

Clinical Implications
Tadalafil daily may offer a better effect for ED than on-demand for long-term treatment.

Strengths and Limitations
From the perspective of evidence-based medicine, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of tadalafil daily compared with tadalafil on-demand in treating men with ED after a long-term treatment. The quality of these studies included is flawed, primarily in difference in tadalafil doses and severity of the ED.

Conclusion
Tadalafil daily provides a preferable therapeutic effect for ED with a lower incidence of treatment-emergent side effects relative to tadalafil on-demand after at least 24 weeks of long-term treatment.
Predictions of the effective slip length and drag reduction with a lubricated micro-groove surface in a turbulent channel flow
Authors: Chang Jaehee , Jung Taeyong , Choi Haecheon , Kim John 
Published: July 2019

We perform direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow with a lubricated micro-grooved surface to investigate the effects of this surface on the slip characteristics at the interface and the friction drag. The interface between water and lubricant is assumed to be flat, i.e. the surface-tension effect is neglected. The solid substrate, where a lubricant is infused, is composed of straight longitudinal grooves. The flow rate of water inside the channel is maintained constant, and a lubricant layer under the interface is shear driven by the turbulent water flow above. A turbulent channel flow with a superhydrophobic (i.e. air-lubricated) surface having the same solid substrate configuration is also simulated for comparison. The results show that the drag reduction with the liquid-infused surface highly depends on the lubricant viscosity as well as the groove width and aspect ratio. The amounts of drag reduction with the liquid-infused surfaces are not as good as those with superhydrophobic surfaces, but are still meaningfully large. For instance, the maximum drag reduction by the heptane-infused surface is approximately 13 % for a rectangular groove whose spanwise width and depth in wall units are 12 and 14.4, respectively, whereas a superhydrophobic surface with the same geometry results in a drag reduction of 21 %. The mean slip length normalized by the viscosity ratio and groove depth depends on the groove aspect ratio. The ratio of fluctuating spanwise slip length to the streamwise one is between 0.25 (ideal surface without groove structures) and 1 (i.e. isotropic slip), indicating that the slip is anisotropic. Using the Stokes flow assumption, the effective streamwise and spanwise slip lengths are expressed as a function of groove geometric parameters and lubricant viscosity. We also suggest a predictive model for drag reduction with the heptane-lubricated surface by combining the predicted effective slip lengths with the drag reduction formula used for riblets (Luchini et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 228, 1991, pp. 87–109). The predicted drag reductions are in good agreements with those from the present and previous direct numerical simulations.
Comment on: Tang et al. [2019]: A problematic animal fossil from the early Cambrian Hetang Formation, South China
Authors: Slater Ben J. , Budd Graham E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTang et al. (2019) described new specimens of carbonaceous compression fossils from the early Cambrian Hetang Formation in South China, for which they established the new taxonCambrowania ovataTang and Xiao in Tang et al., 2019. Tang et al. (2019) interpreted these fossils as the remains of metazoans, representing either the carapaces of bivalve arthropods, or early life-cycle stages of sponges. We contest the animal affinity of these fossils; instead, we propose that the specimens described asCambrowania ovataare actually largeLeiosphaeridia—in other words, collapsed hollow organic spheroidal acritarchs. The features described by Tang et al. (2019) all fall into the morphology of carbonaceous compressions ofLeiosphaeridiawith pyritized/baritized folds and compaction wrinkles. SuchLeiosphaeridiaare a common component of Cambrian (and older) siliciclastic deposits, and frequently exhibit such a pattern of pyritization, baritization, and encrustation with other diagenetic minerals.
Is the Sibuya distribution a progeny?
Authors: Letac Gérard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor 0 &lt; a &lt; 1, the Sibuya distribution sa is concentrated on the set ℕ+ of positive integers and is defined by the generating function $$\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty s_a (n)z^{{\kern 1pt} n} = 1 - (1 - z)^a$$. A distribution q on ℕ+ is called a progeny if there exists a branching process (Zn)n≥0 such that Z0 = 1, such that $$(Z_1 ) \le 1$$, and such that q is the distribution of $$\sum\nolimits_{n = 0}^\infty Z_n$$. this paper we prove that sa is a progeny if and only if $${\textstyle{1 \over 2}} \le a &#x003C; 1$$. The main point is to find the values of b = 1/a such that the power series expansion of u(1 − (1 − u)b)−1 has nonnegative coefficients.
Exact sampling of the infinite horizon maximum of a random walk over a nonlinear boundary
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Dong Jing , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present the first algorithm that samples maxn≥0{Sn − nα}, where Sn is a mean zero random walk, and nα with $\alpha \in ({1 \over 2},1)$ defines a nonlinear boundary. We show that our algorithm has finite expected running time. We also apply this algorithm to construct the first exact simulation method for the steady-state departure process of a GI/GI/∞ queue where the service time distribution has infinite mean.
Socioeconomic determinants of community knowledge and practice in relation to malaria in high- and low-transmission areas of central India
Authors: Singh Mrigendra Pal , Saha Kalyan Brata , Chand Sunil Kumar , Savargaonkar Deepali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study was undertaken with an aim of exploring community knowledge and treatment practices related to malaria and their determinants in high- and low-transmission areas of central India. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2015 and January 2016 in two high- and two low-malaria-endemic districts of central India. A total of 1470 respondents were interviewed using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Respondents residing in high-transmission areas with higher literacy levels, and of higher socioeconomic status, were found to practise more modern preventive measures than those living in low-transmission areas with low literacy levels and who were economically poor. Level of literacy, socioeconomic status and area (district) of residence were found to be the main factors affecting people’s knowledge of malaria aetiology and clinical features, and prevention and treatment practices, in this community in central India.
Is routine disinfection efficient in preventing contamination with Toxocara canis eggs?
Authors: Ursache A.L. , Mircean V. , Dumitrache M. , Andrei S. , Ştefănuţ L. , Cozma V. , Cătană R. , Cernea M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) is a zoonotic nematode commonly parasitizing dogs worldwide with great public health importance as the aetiological agent of human toxocariasis. In this respect, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six disinfectant products commonly used in kennels, veterinary clinics and as household cleaning products on the embryogenesis and viability of T. canis eggs. The composition of active ingredients in these commercial disinfectants was sodium hypochlorite (A); a mix of N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropan-1.3-diamine and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (B); sodium dichloroisocyanurate dehydrate (C); a mix of glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-c12-18-alkyldimethyl and chlorides (D); a mix of 2-propanol, ethanol, benzalkonium chloride and glucoprotamin (E); a mix of pentapotassium bis (peroxymonosulphate) bis (sulphate), sodium C10-13-alkylbenzenesulphonate, malic acid, sulphamidic acid, sodium toluenesulphonate, dipotassium peroxodisulphate and dipentene (F). After dilution, the tested disinfectants had the maximal concentration recommended by the manufacturer in order to achieve a biocidal effect. Each product was tested on approximately 10,000 T. canis eggs, having five different contact times (5, 10, 15, 30, 60 min). Three replicates were tested for each diluted disinfectant and for each contact time. After the treatment, eggs were washed and incubated in distilled water at 27 °C for 2 weeks. None of the tested products had a significant inhibitory effect on the embryogenesis and viability of T. canis eggs, regardless of the contact time. Moreover, after 2 weeks, in all tested samples, eggs containing motile infective larvae were identified, showing that routinely used disinfectants do not eliminate risk of infection by T. canis.
Fetal Repair of Open Neural Tube Defects: Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
Authors: RADIC JULIA A.E. , ILLES JUDY , MCDONALD PATRICK J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:Open neural tube defects or myelomeningoceles are a common congenital condition caused by failure of closure of the neural tube early in gestation, leading to a number of neurologic sequelae including paralysis, hindbrain herniation, hydrocephalus and neurogenic bowel and bladder dysfunction. Traditionally, the condition was treated by closure of the defect postnatally but a recently completed randomized controlled trial of prenatal versus postnatal closure demonstrated improved neurologic outcomes in the prenatal closure group. Fetal surgery, or more precisely maternal-fetal surgery, raises a number of ethical issues that we address including who the patient is, informed consent, surgical innovation and equipoise as well maternal assumption of risk. As the procedure becomes more widely adopted into practice, we suggest close monitoring of new fetal surgery centers, in order to ensure that the positive results of the trial are maintained without increased risk to both the mother and fetus.
Encircling granulosa cells protects against di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced apoptosis in rat oocytes cultured in vitro
Authors: Tripathi Anima , Pandey Vivek , Sahu A.N. , Singh Alok K. , Dubey Pawan K. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe present study investigated if the presence of encircling granulosa cells protected against di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-induced oxidative stress in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. Denuded oocytes and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with or without various doses of DEHP (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 μM) in vitro. Morphological apoptotic changes, levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression levels of apoptotic markers (Bcl2, Bax, cytochrome c) were analyzed. Our results showed that DEHP induced morphological apoptotic changes in a dose-dependent manner in denuded oocytes cultured in vitro. The effective dose of DEHP (400 µg) significantly (P>0.05) increased oxidative stress by elevating ROS levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential with higher mRNA expression and protein levels of apoptotic markers (Bax, cytochrome c). Encircling granulosa cells protected oocytes from DEHP-induced morphological changes, increased oxidative stress and ROS levels, as well as increased expression of apoptotic markers. Taken together our data suggested that encircling granulosa cells protected oocytes against DEHP-induced apoptosis and that the presence of granulosa cells could act positively towards the survival of oocytes under in vitro culture conditions and may be helpful during assisted reproductive technique programmes.
‘Shunning’ and ‘seeking’ membership: Rethinking citizenship regimes in the European constitutional space
Authors: SHAW JO 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:This article explores parallels between the ‘shunning’ and ‘seeking’ of membership of the EU in the context of Brexit and stalled enlargement in south-east Europe, via a focus on the partial, fragmentary and contested governance of citizenship. The case studies place Union citizenship into a wider political and socio-economic context, demonstrating its central importance as an enabler of personal freedom. At the same time, they highlight how the denial or removal of Union citizenship can engender individual strategies to recover lost or denied benefits. From the analysis, parallels emerge between Union citizenship and national citizenship; both offer a promise of equality, but a reality of differentiation and inequality. At the same time, by delving deep into the case studies, it proves possible to illuminate the complex and often ‘messy’ constitutional edifice of the European Union, involving sometimes contradictory processes of Europeanisation and de-Europeanisation affecting citizenship regimes at all levels.
Effect of varied soil moisture regimes on the growth and reproduction of two Australian biotypes of junglerice (Echinochloa colona)
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Mutti Navneet Kaur , Walsh Michael , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractJunglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] is a problematic weed in the northern grain region of Australia. Two pot experiments (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2) were conducted in a screen house to evaluate the growth and reproductive behavior of two biotypes (A, collected from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–fallow; B, collected from a fence near a water channel) of E. colona in response to water stress (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% water holding capacity [WHC]). Averaged across both biotypes, the plant height, biomass, and seed production of E. colona were reduced at 25% WHC compared with 100% WHC. However, E. colona still produced a considerable amount of seeds at 25% WHC (at least 365 seeds plant−1). Biotype A produced more seeds in the second experiment, while biotype B produced more seeds in the first experiment. In Experiment 2, at 100% WHC, biotype A produced more seeds (17,618 seeds plant−1) than biotype B (4,378 seeds plant−1), and similar observations were noticed for root biomass. Growth and seed production of E. colona at all moisture levels and environmental conditions ensure survival in an unpredictable environment and contribute to the weedy nature of this species. Results indicate that biotype A is more invasive than biotype B under favorable environmental conditions (100% WHC). This study suggests an enhanced competitive ability of some biotypes of E. colona in response to a range of environmental and soil moisture conditions in Australia. Under favorable environmental conditions, biotype A could be more problematic, as it has higher seed production than biotype B. Therefore, it is important to implement sustainable weed control methods for such biotypes in the early stages of crop growth to prevent loss of stored moisture.
Stress Patterns and Failure Around Rough Interlocked Fault Surface
Authors: Sagy Amir , Lyakhovsky Vladimir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFault zones accumulate stress during interseismic periods and release it by slip along fault surfaces. We explore the effect of fault roughness on stress patterns and failure conditions around interlocked fault surfaces using an analytical approach. Measured slip surface geometry of different fault outcrops parallel to the slip demonstrates surface roughness at outcrop scales generally confined between 0.001L0.5 and 0.01L0.8, where L is the section length. These two power law end‐members are utilized for exploring the influence of scale‐dependent geometrical undulations on stress and failure conditions. Off‐fault static stress pattern is calculated based on perturbation theory. Stress amplification and failure conditions around the surfaces are controlled by the ratio between roughness amplitude to wavelength, and therefore, small power values increase failure associated with short roughness wavelengths, immediately nearby the interface. Increasing both amplitude to wavelength ratio and amplitude heights enhance failure in zones around the interface, but at the same time decreases stress and blocks yielding in other zones. In contrast, failure around faults with smaller amplitude heights initiates at larger external loads, and therefore, more elastic energy is available for slip when failure occurs. Calculations of stress around fractal and nonfractal interfaces indicate that failure nucleation and locations are strongly dependent on the initial surface geometry. We suggest that stress asperities and barriers throughout the seismic cycle can be driven by the geometrical irregularities of the fault surface.
Evaluating Ammonia (NH3) Predictions in the NOAA NAQFC for Eastern North Carolina Using Ground Level and Satellite Measurements
Authors: Battye William H. , Bray Casey D. , Aneja Viney P. , Tong Daniel , Lee Pius , Tang Youhua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) in the atmosphere contributes to the formation of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is associated with adverse human health effects. The emission, transport, reactions, and deposition of NH3 in the atmosphere are modeled using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, within the U.S. National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC). The purpose of this current work is to evaluate the capability of the NAQFC CMAQ model and to identify potential improvements to NH3 emissions estimates and prediction methods. This study focuses on CMAQ predictions of atmospheric NH3 in North Carolina, including a region with intensive animal production and enhanced NH3 emissions. The CMAQ model is run for July 2011 using a version of the 2011 National Emissions Inventory in which agricultural NH3 emissions were adjusted to reflect the lower end of the range of estimates from the current process‐based emissions model. The NAQFC CMAQ model overpredicted atmospheric NH3 at a continuous monitor in Clinton, NC, within the region of intensive animal production. The average concentration measured by the monitor was 6.6 ppbv, while the average predicted by the model was 10.5 ppbv, a 60% overprediction. Outside of the region of intensive animal production, both measured and modeled NH3 concentrations were low, 1.3 ppbv or less. The model underpredicted wet deposition of NH4+ and dry deposition of NH3. It is believed that the overestimation of NH3 at Clinton is attributable at least in part to the underestimation of wet and dry deposition in North Carolina.
East‐Central Asian Climate Evolved With the Northward Migration of the High Proto‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Chenguang , Meng Jun , Hu Yongyun , Wang Chengshan , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe evolution of Cenozoic climate patterns in Asia has been linked to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), retreat of the Paratethys Sea, and global cooling. However, less attention has been placed on the latitudinal change of the TP. Here we report new climate modeling to explore how modern climate changes as a function of topographic growth and spatial migration of the TP. Our results show that the northward displacement of the uplifted proto‐TP within the subtropics can significantly affect the wind and precipitation pattern over East‐Central Asia. By compiling proxy‐based climatic records, paleolatitudinal and paleoelevational evolution models of the proto‐TP, and in comparison with previous modeling under a global paleogeography, we suggest that the northward migration of the proto‐TP in the Paleogene could have intensified the aridity in Central Asia, but its influence on East Asian precipitation and monsoonal circulation could be dependent on the paleogeography and other boundary conditions.