bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Plug-and-Perf Completions for Balanced Treatment Distribution and Improved Reservoir Contact
Authors: Yi Sophie , Wu Chu-Hsiang , Sharma Mukul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Heel-dominated treatment distribution among multiple perforation clusters is frequently observed in plug-and-perf stages, causing small propped surface areas, suboptimal production, and unexpected frac-hits.
A multi-fracture simulator with a novel wellbore fluid and proppant transport model is applied to quantify treatment distribution among multiple perforation clusters in a plug-and-perf operation. A simulation Base Case is set up based on a field treatment design with four clusters. Simulation results show that the two toe-side clusters screened out early in the treatment and the two heel-side clusters were dominant. The simulated proppant placement is consistent with DAS observations.
The impact of different perforating strategies and pumping schedules on final treatment distribution is investigated. Two criteria are defined that quantify the proppant distribution and fracture area: the Weighted Average (WA) and Standard Deviation (SD) of the final fluid and proppant distribution, as well as the Hydraulic and Propped Surface Area (HSA and PSA) of the created fractures. An optimum plug-and-perf design is defined as one that minimizes the SD of the treatment distribution among perforation clusters and maximizes the PSA.
Both perforating strategy and pumping schedule are found to affect the final treatment distribution significantly, and uniform treatment distribution is shown to create more PSA. Fewer perforations-per-cluster were found to promote uniform fluid and proppant placement. Other helpful strategies include reducing the number of perforations near the heel, using small, lightweight proppant and so on. The stress shadow effect is accounted for using the Displacement Discontinuity Method (DDM) and was found to play a smaller role than perforation friction and proppant inertia in most cases.
An automated process is developed to optimize plug-and-perf completion design with multiple decision variables using a Genetic Algorithm. Thirteen parameters are optimized simultaneously. The optimal design solution creates an almost even treatment distribution and more than doubled the PSA compared to the Base Case.
The multi-fracture model presented in this paper provides a way to quantify fluid and proppant distribution for any perforating strategy and pumping schedule and provides more insights of the physics relevant to plug-and-perf treatment distribution. The perforation and pumping schedule recommendations presented in this paper provide directional guidance to design a fracturing job of balanced treatment distribution and large propped surface area.
A Sourceless Alternative to Conventional LWD Nuclear Logging
Authors: Evans M. , Adolph R. , Vilde L. , Morriss C. , Fisseler P. , Sloan W. , Grau J. , Liberman A. , Ziegler W. , Loomis W. A. , Yonezawa T. , Sugimura Y. , Seki H. , Misawa R. M. , Holenka J. , Borkowski N. , Dasgupta T. , Borkowski D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An experimental pulsed-neutron logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool is currently under field test. The tool provides a suite of nuclear measurements that include neutron porosity, thermal neutron capture cross section (i.e. sigma), pulsed-neutron density and the relative abundance of certain elements (e.g., calcium, silicon, iron, sulfur, etc.) that are used to calculate mineralogy. The tool provides azimuthal measurements in real time that are useful for geosteering applications.
Use of a pulsed-neutron source eliminates the need for radioactive-chemical sources that are used in conventional nuclear LWD tools. This results in increased wellsite safety and efficiency. Procedures and equipment required for radioactive-source handling, storage and retrieval are also eliminated.
The experimental LWD tool is the result of a joint collaboration that began in 1995 between the Japan National Oil Corporation and Schlumberger. The primary goal of the tool is to demonstrate feasibility of pulsed-neutron measurements in the hostile LWD environment.

Introduction
An experimental pulsed-neutron LWD tool has been developed that has successfully logged several test wells. The prototype tool represents a merging of pulsed-neutron wireline measurements with LWD measurement technology.
The applications of pulsed-neutron measurements for formation evaluation are well established. Pulsed-neutron wireline tools are used to determine water saturation, neutron porosity and formation mineralogy in both open and cased holes.
In addition to the rich variety of measurements, pulsed-neutron technology eliminates the radioactive-chemical sources used in conventional nuclear tools. Source-storage pits, transport shields, loading shields, collar shields and handling tools are therefore not required. Transportation logistics, wellsite safety and wellsite efficiency are all improved.
Analysis of changes in drought and terrestrial water storage in the Tarim River Basin based on principal component analysis
Authors: Xia Jun , Yang Peng , Zhan Chesheng , Qiao Yunfeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrought is a widespread natural hazard. In this study, the potential factors affecting spatiotemporal changes of drought in the Tarim River Basin (TRB), China, were investigated using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and multiple hydro-meteorological indicators such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized soil moisture index (SSI), and terrestrial water storage (TWS). The following major conclusions were drawn. (1) Inconsistent variations between SPIs/SSIs and TWS in the TRB indicate a groundwater deficit in 2002–2012. (2) The results of EOF indicate that soil moisture in the TRB was significantly affected by precipitation. However, the variations between the EOFs of SSIs and those of TWS were not identical, which indicates that soil water had less effect on TWS than groundwater. (3) Drought evaluations using SPI and SSI showed that a long drought duration occurred over a long accumulation period, whereas a high frequency of drought was related to a short accumulation period. (4) Hydrological features related to extreme soil moisture conditions in the TRB could also be influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The findings of this study are significant for use in drought detection and for making water management decisions.
Degradation of malachite green by a pulsed light/H2O2 process
Authors: Navarro Patricia , Zapata Jean Pier , Gotor Gemma , Gonzalez-Olmos Rafael , Gómez-López Vicente M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pulsed light (PL) is a type of photonic technology characterized by intense short light pulses that enhance the speed of photochemical reactions, and which might be useful as light source in advanced oxidation processes. This work aimed to test PL as light source for the degradation of the dye malachite green (MG) by combining PL with H2O2. To this end, the effect of dye and H2O2 concentrations and pH on the degradation rate of MG was studied and a degradation pathway was proposed. Dye degradation followed a pseudo-first order kinetics; it increased with low initial dye concentration, high H2O2 concentration and low pH. Complete decolourization was achieved after 35 light pulses (75 J/cm2), with a degradation rate of 0.0710 cm2/J. The degradation was initiated by the attack of hydroxyl radicals to the central carbon of MG generating 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DLBP) followed by the addition of hydroxyl radicals to the non-amino aromatic ring of DLBP and the demethylation of the amino group. Results indicate that PL technology has potential to be implemented to decrease the environmental impact of dyeing industries.
Soybean Peptide QRPR Activates Autophagy and Attenuates the Inflammatory Response in the RAW264.7 Cell Model
Authors: Pan Fengguang , Wang Lin , Cai Zhuanzhang , Wang Yinan , Wang Yanfei , Guo Jiaxin , Xu Xiangyu , Zhang Xiaoge 
Published: January 2019

Background:
There are few studies on the autophagy and inflammatory effects of soy
peptides on the inflammatory cell model. Further insight into the underlying relationship of soybean
peptides and autophagy needs to be addressed. Therefore, it is worthwhile investigating the possible
mechanisms of soybean peptides, especially autophagy and the inflammatory effects.

Objective:
In this study, we used a RAW264.7 cell inflammation model to study the inhibitory effect
and mechanism of soybean peptide QRPR on inflammation.

Methods:
We used LPS-induced inflammation model in RAW264.7 cells to study the inhibitory
effect and mechanism of soybean peptide QRPR on inflammation. First, Cell viability was determined
by cell activity assay. Subsequently, the concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6
and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. IL-6, TNF-α, Beclin1, LC3, P62, PIK3, AKT, p-AKT, pmTOR
and mTOR protein expression were detected by western-blot. PIK3, AKT and mTOR gene
expression level were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Double-membrane structures of
autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells was speculated when the
autophagy was activated.

Results:
The results showed that QRPR activates autophagy in the inflammatory cell model and
that the inhibitory effect of QRPR on inflammation is reduced after autophagy was inhibited. Western-
blot and real-time PCR results indicated that QRPR activates autophagy in LPS-induced
RAW264.7 cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and it shows a significant
time dependence.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that the soybean peptide QRPR activates autophagy and attenuates
the inflammatory response in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model.
Obesity Therapy: How and Why?
Authors: Paccosi Sara , Cresci Barbara , Pala Laura , Rotella Carlo Maria , Parenti Astrid 
Published: January 2019

Background:Obesity represents the second preventable mortality cause worldwide, and is very often associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The first line treatment is lifestyle modification to weight-loss, but for those who fail to achieve the goal or have difficulty in maintaining achieved results, pharmacological treatment is needed. Few drugs are available today, because of their side effects.Objective:We aim to review actual pharmacological management of obese patients, highlighting differences between Food and Drug Administration - and European Medicine Agency-approved molecules, and pointing out self-medications readily obtainable and widely distributed.Methods:Papers on obesity, weight loss, pharmacotherapy, self- medication and diet-aid products were selected using Medline. Research articles, systematic reviews, clinical trials and meta-analyses were screened.Results:Anti-obesity drugs with central mechanisms, such as phentermine and lorcaserin, are available in USA, but not in Europe. Phentermine/topiramate and naltrexone/bupropion combinations are now available, even though the former is still under investigation from EMA. Orlistat, with peripheral mechanisms, represents the only drug approved for weight reduction in adolescents. Liraglutide has been approved at higher dose for obesity. Anti-obesity drugs, readily obtainable from the internet, include crude-drug products and supplements for which there is often a lack of compliance to national regulatory standards.Conclusion:Mechanisms of weight loss drugs include the reduction of energy intake or the increase in energy expenditure and sense of satiety as well as the decrease of hunger or the reduction in calories absorption. Few drugs are approved, and differences exist between USA and Europe. Moreover, herbal medicines and supplements often sold on the internet and widely used by obese patients, present a risk of adverse effects.
Oxidative Status in Multiple Sclerosis and Off-Targets of Antioxidants: The Case of Edaravone
Authors: Agresti Cristina , Mechelli Rosella , Olla Stefania , Veroni Caterina , Eleuteri Cecilia , Ristori Giovanni , Salvetti Marco 
Published: January 2019

Background:MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration, with a complex and still to be clarified aetiology. Several data, coming from patients' samples and from animal models, show that Oxidative Status (OS) plays an important role in MS pathogenesis. Overproduction of reactive oxidative species by macrophages/microglia can bring about cellular injury and ensuing cell death by oxidizing cardinal cellular components. Oxidized molecules are present in active MS lesions and are associated with neurodegeneration.Methods:We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature focusing on OS in MS. The contents of the selected papers were described in the context of a conceptual framework. A special emphasis was given to the results of our study in the field.Results:The results of our three recent studies were put in the context and discussed taking into account the literature on the topic. Oxidative damage underpinned an imbalance shared by MS and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In people with clinically isolated syndrome (an early phase of MS) oxidative stress proved to contribute to disease pathophysiology and to provide biomarkers that may help predict disease evolution. A drug screening platform based on multiple assays to test the remyelinating potential of library of approved compounds showed two anti-oxidants, edaravone and 5-methyl-7- methoxyisoflavone, as active drugs. Moreover, an analysis of 'structure activity relationship' showed off-targets sites of these compounds that accounted for their remyelinating activity, irrespective of their antioxidant action.Conclusion:Overall, edaravone emerges as a candidate to treat complex disease such as MS, where inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration contribute to disease progression, together or individually, in different phases and disease types. Furthermore, approaches based on drug repositioning seem to maintain the promise of helping discover novel treatment for complex diseases, where molecular targets are largely unknown.
Ser docente de enfermería desde la mirada de sus participantes
Authors: Guillen Velasco Rocío Del C. 
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo de corte cualitativo intenta responder a las preguntas ¿de qué hablan las maestras cuando se les pregunta sobre ser docentes en Enfermería y cómo llegaron a ella? El acopio de datos se realizó mediante el relato biográfico y el análisis del discurso fue la forma en que se intentó comprender lo dicho por las docentes Enfermeras.
Desde una forma muy general, se elaboró una narrativa de lo entendido buscando algunos anclajes teóricos que permitan entender la realidad vivida y lo que aún experimentan las informantes sobre lo que significa ser docentes y las vías por las cuales llegaron a ella y siguen en su devenir.
Lo más interesante del trabajo es que por un lado, se logró que las docentes hicieran un alto al camino para reconocer su trayectoria de vida y, por otro, se reconoció la necesidad de formarse en esta área tan compleja y rica en emociones humanas.
Enfermería transcultural, elemento vital de seguridad del paciente
Authors: Pérez Rodríguez Ma. Teresa 
Published: January 2019

Podemos afirmar que el cuidado que nos identifica en la perspectiva de la enfermería transcultural es un cuidado reciproco, interactivo e integrador, en el cual las experiencias vividas y trascendentes comprenden la interacción entre personas totales con sus sentimientos, pensamientos y expresiones.
Interacción reciproca significa un encuentro de seres humanos diferentes, con sabidurías y mentalidades que cada uno ofrece en el encuentro, donde la persona del enfermo ofrece su ser total, sus conocimientos, sus observaciones y percepciones, consciente de que es un ser humane susceptible y vulnerable. EI ambiente del cuidado debe favorecer la prioridad, el pudor y la unicidad de cada ser humano, sujeto reconocido del encuentro transcultural.
Gracias a las actividades auténticas de la Enfermera (o), conocimiento, reflexión, técnicas del cuidado y momentos especiales del mismo, se da esa interacción, en la que la persona ofrece su confianza, así como su interés porque se le reestructure y reintegre como persona digna de apoyo, consideración, respeto y afecto.
Las raíces financieras de los grupos industriales mundiales
Authors: Serfati Claude 
Published: January 2019

<p>La presente colaboración aborda de manera amplia y profunda el proceso que han realizado las grandes corporaciones transnacionales entre el sector de la economía real donde participan y el sector financiero. Se analiza de manera crítica y pormenorizada el papel cada vez mas complejo de las sedes corporativas y su dominación, que se construye en gran medida gracias al control de la liquidez y su continua manipulación.</p><p> </p>
De La gran transformación a la gran financiarización
Authors: Polanyi Levitt Kari 
Published: January 2019

<p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="right"> </p><div><div><p>Se presenta la segunda de tres partes de la traducción del libro <em>From the Great Transformation to the Great Financialization</em>, Fernwood Publishing y Zed Books; con la autorización del editor inglés y la autora</p></div></div>
Análisis de los intercambios conversacionales durante las prácticas de laboratorio desde un Instrumento de Estrategias Discursivas Participativas (ESTDIPA)
Authors: Ruiz Carrillo Edgardo , Suárez Castillo Patricia , Meraz Martínez José Samuel , Sánchez de Tagle Herrera Rafael 
Published: January 2019

Durante las prácticas de laboratorio, los integrantes de los equipos de trabajo establecen un proceso conversacional en la interacción social que promueve su aprendizaje. El propósito de este trabajo es entender cómo adquieren conocimientos compartidos los estudiantes al trabajar en equipo, analizando sus intercambios conversacionales, rompiendo así con el aprendizaje individualista tradicional y fomentando el desarrollo de otras competencias que implican pensar en el “nosotros”. En el análisis del proceso educativo es de suma importancia saber cómo los alumnos intercambian e interpretan los diálogos que sostienen sus expectativas como interlocutores, las cuales los llevan al cumplimiento de una meta; también, cómo se sostiene una serie de comprensiones implícitas que deben tener en cuenta los participantes en la conversación, por encima de cualquier sentido estrictamente lingüístico; se hace énfasis en los sentidos de la actuación y el significado que éstos desempeñan e intercambian a lo largo de su experiencia al lado del otro, por medio del instrumento de estrategias discursivas participativas (ESTDIPA).
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Characterisation of Trinuclear Zinc(II) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from m-phenylenediamine and Salicylaldehyde
Authors: Kassim Karimah , Hamali Muhammad Azwan 
Published: January 2019

A series of Schiff base ligand, SALMPD, and its mono- and trinuclear Zn(II) metal complexes were synthesised from m-phenylenediamine and salicylaldehyde in alcoholic solution. The synthesis of ligand and mononuclear complex were synthesised using conventional condensation method, while the trinuclear complex was done using microwave-assisted synthesis method. The structure of each compound was elucidated by elemental analysis, infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The infrared spectrum of SALMPD shows a strong azomethine (C=N) band at 1621.62cm-1, indicates the formation of the ligand. Upon complexation of the mononuclear complex, the C=N infrared band shifted and the disappearing of the phenolic hydrogen signal in 1H NMR suggesting the chelation between Zinc(II) metal ion and ligand took place when azomethine and phenolic hydrogen deprotonated. The trinuclear complex, Zn3(SALMPD) obtained was consist of two moieties of mononuclear Zn(SALMPD), which act as ligands that chelating to the third Zn(II) metal ion through oxygen atom due to the shifting of M-O infrared band from 575.12-540.53cm-1, which serves as a coordination site for the metal ion.
Association of catastrophic condylar fracture with bony changes of the third metacarpal bone identified by use of standing magnetic resonance imaging in forelimbs from cadavers of Thoroughbred racehorses in the United States
Authors: Peloso John G. , Cohen Noah D. , Vogler James B. , Marquis Patricia A. , Hilt Lynn 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare bony changes of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) of Thoroughbred racehorse cadavers with (cases) or without (controls) catastrophic condylar fracture by use of standing MRI.
SAMPLE 140 forelimbs from 26 case horses (both forelimbs) and 88 control horses (single forelimb).
PROCEDURES Bone marrow lesions (BMLs), identified as a decrease in T1-weighted (T1W) signal and increases in T2*-weighted (T2*W) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) signals, and dense bone volume percentage (DBVP), identified as decreases in T1W, T2*W, and STIR signals, in the distopalmar aspect of MC3 were recorded. Logistic regression was used to compare fractured and nonfractured limbs of cases and fractured limbs of cases with randomly selected limbs of controls.
RESULTS Among cases, fractured limbs were significantly more likely to have BMLs (26/26 [100%]) than were nonfractured limbs (7/26 [27%]). Fractured limbs of cases were significantly more likely to have BMLs (26/26 [100%]) than were limbs of controls (6/88 [7%]). Among cases, there was no significant difference in DBVP between fractured and nonfractured limbs in lateral (26% vs 21%, respectively) or medial (25% vs 20%, respectively) condyles. However, DBVP was significantly greater in fractured limbs of cases than in limbs of controls for lateral (26% vs 16%, respectively) and medial (25% vs 18%, respectively) condyles.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Standing MRI revealed a significantly greater degree of bone change in racehorses with condylar fracture when comparing fractured and nonfractured limbs of case horses and fractured limbs of case horses with randomly selected limbs of control horses.