bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent 2018 Hot Extremes Across Northern Hemisphere Due to Human‐Induced Climate Change
Authors: Vogel M. M. , Zscheischler J. , Wartenburger R. , Dee D. , Seneviratne S. I. 
Published: June 2019

Extremely high temperatures pose an immediate threat to humans and ecosystems. In recent years, many regions on land and in the ocean experienced heat waves with devastating impacts that would have been highly unlikely without human‐induced climate change. Impacts are particularly severe when heat waves occur in regions with high exposure of people or crops. The recent 2018 spring‐to‐summer season was characterized by several major heat and dry extremes. On daily average between May and July 2018 about 22% of the populated and agricultural areas north of 30° latitude experienced concurrent hot temperature extremes. Events of this type were unprecedented prior to 2010, while similar conditions were experienced in the 2010 and 2012 boreal summers. Earth System Model simulations of present‐day climate, that is, at around +1 °C global warming, also display an increase of concurrent heat extremes. Based on Earth System Model simulations, we show that it is virtually certain (using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change calibrated uncertainty language) that the 2018 north hemispheric concurrent heat events would not have occurred without human‐induced climate change. Our results further reveal that the average high‐exposure area projected to experience concurrent warm and hot spells in the Northern Hemisphere increases by about 16% per additional +1 °C of global warming. A strong reduction in fossil fuel emissions is paramount to reduce the risks of unprecedented global‐scale heat wave impacts.
Grid‐ Versus Station‐Based Postprocessing of Ensemble Temperature Forecasts
Authors: Feldmann Kira , Richardson David S. , Gneiting Tilmann 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStatistical postprocessing aims to improve ensemble model output by delivering calibrated predictive distributions. To train and assess these methods, it is crucial to choose appropriate verification data. Reanalyses cover the entire globe on the same spatiotemporal scale as the forecasting model, while observation stations are scattered across planet Earth. Here we compare the benefits of postprocessing with gridded analyses against postprocessing at observation sites. In a case study, we apply local Ensemble Model Output Statistics to 2‐m temperature forecasts by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ensemble system. Our evaluation period ranges from November 2016 to December 2017. Postprocessing yields improvements over the raw ensemble at all lead times. The relative improvement achieved by postprocessing is greater when trained and verified against station observations.
Constraining Absolute Plate Motions Since the Triassic
Authors: Tetley Michael G. , Williams Simon E. , Gurnis Michael , Flament Nicolas , Müller R. Dietmar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe absolute motion of tectonic plates since Pangea can be derived from observations of hotspot trails, paleomagnetism, or seismic tomography. However, fitting observations is typically carried out in isolation without consideration for the fit to unused data or whether the resulting plate motions are geodynamically plausible. Through the joint evaluation of global hotspot track observations (for times <80 Ma), first‐order estimates of net lithospheric rotation (NLR), and parameter estimation for paleo–trench migration (TM), we present a suite of geodynamically consistent, data‐optimized global absolute reference frames from 220 Ma to the present. Each absolute plate motion (APM) model was evaluated against six published APM models, together incorporating the full range of primary data constraints. Model performance for published and new models was quantified through a standard statistical analyses using three key diagnostic global metrics: root‐mean square plate velocities, NLR characteristics, and TM behavior. Additionally, models were assessed for consistency with published global paleomagnetic data and for ages <80 Ma for predicted relative hotspot motion, track geometry, and time dependence. Optimized APM models demonstrated significantly improved global fit with geological and geophysical observations while performing consistently with geodynamic constraints. Critically, APM models derived by limiting average rates of NLR to ~0.05°/Myr and absolute TM velocities to ~27‐mm/year fit geological observations including hotspot tracks. This suggests that this range of NLR and TM estimates may be appropriate for Earth over the last 220 Myr, providing a key step toward the practical integration of numerical geodynamics into plate tectonic reconstructions.
Seismic and Microseismic Signatures of Fluids in Rocks: Bridging the Scale Gap
Authors: Sarout J. , David C. , Pimienta L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this collection is to record a snapshot of our current state of understanding of the impact of fluids on the evolution and monitorability of subsurface rock formations during anthropogenic fluid injection/withdrawal operations, accounting for scale and frequency effects. In this introduction we provide a summary of the key challenges and findings reported in these 23 articles. This suite of articles addresses a variety of issues related to the impact of fluids on subsurface rocks, which can be grouped in three themes: (i) impact of fluids on wave velocity and attenuation/dispersion (five articles); (ii) fluids, fractures, and seismicity (nine articles); and (iii) dynamic fluid injection and substitution (nine articles).
Impact of Aquarius and SMAP Satellite Sea Surface Salinity Observations on Coupled El Niño/Southern Oscillation Forecasts
Authors: Hackert Eric C. , Kovach Robin M. , Busalacchi Antonio J. , Ballabrera‐Poy Joaquim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study demonstrates the positive impact of including gridded Aquarius and Soil Moisture, Active/Passive (SMAP) sea surface salinity (SSS) into initialization of intermediate complexity coupled model forecasts for the tropical Indo‐Pacific. An experiment that assimilates conventional ocean observations serves as the control. In a separate experiment, Aquarius and SMAP satellite SSS are additionally assimilated into the coupled model initialization. Analysis of the initialization differences with the control indicates that SSS assimilation causes a freshening and shallowing of the mixed layer depth near the equator and enhanced Kelvin wave amplitude. For each month from September 2011 to September 2017, 12‐month‐coupled ENSO forecasts are initialized from both the control and satellite SSS assimilation experiments. The experiment assimilating Aquarius and SMAP SSS significantly outperforms the control relative to observed NINO3.4 sea surface temperature anomalies. This work highlights the potential importance of inclusion of satellite SSS for improving the initialization of operational ENSO coupled forecasts.
Factors Affecting the Variability of Maximum Potential Intensity (MPI) of Tropical Cyclones Over the North Atlantic
Authors: Xu Jing , Wang Yuqing , Yang Chi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContributions of atmospheric factors to the variability of the calculated theoretical maximum potential intensity (MPI) of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic are explored using the 6‐hourly atmospheric reanalysis and TC best track data from 1980 to 2015. The results show that for a given sea surface temperature (SST), the calculated theoretical MPI between the medians of top 10% and bottom 10% samples can vary by as large as 10–15 m/s, which accounts for 20–25% of the median of the MPI. It is shown that the drier (moister) and colder (warmer) environment favors higher (lower) MPI, and the TC‐MPI is more sensitive to atmospheric temperature at lower SSTs but more sensitive to atmospheric humidity at higher SSTs. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the tropospheric temperature and humidity profiles and the outflow layer temperature are all responsible for the MPI variability, but their relative importance vary with SST. The atmospheric humidity accounts for 12–13 (7–11) m/s at SSTs over (below) 28 °C, the tropospheric temperature accounts for about 7–12 (5–6) m/s at SSTs below (above) 28 °C, and the outflow temperature accounts for 7–8 m/s almost independent of SST. These results strongly suggest that the modulation of MPI by synoptic variability needs to be considered when MPI is calculated and used as a predictor/parameter in operational TC intensity prediction schemes, especially for strong TCs. Some other implications of the results are also discussed.
Influence of Spatial Resolution on Snow Cover Dynamics for a Coastal and Mountainous Region at High Latitudes (Norway)
Authors: Magnusson Jan , Eisner Stephanie , Huang Shaochun , Lussana Cristian , Mazzotti Giulia , Essery Richard , Saloranta Tuomo , Beldring Stein 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate models show that global warming will disproportionately influence high‐latitude regions and indicate drastic changes in, among others, seasonal snow cover. However, current continental and global simulations covering these regions are often run at coarse grid resolutions, potentially introducing large errors in computed fluxes and states. To quantify some of these errors, we have assessed the sensitivity of an energy‐balance snow model to changes in grid resolution using a multiparametrization framework for the spatial domain of mainland Norway. The framework has allowed us to systematically test how different parametrizations, describing a set of processes, influence the discrepancy, here termed the scale error, between the coarser (5 to 50‐km) and finest (1‐km) resolution. The simulations were set up such that liquid and solid precipitation was identical between the different resolutions, and differences between the simulations arise mainly during the ablation period. The analysis presented in this study focuses on evaluating the scale error for several variables relevant for hydrological and land surface modelling, such as snow water equivalent and turbulent heat exchanges. The analysis reveals that the choice of method for routing liquid water through the snowpack influences the scale error most for snow water equivalent, followed by the type of parametrizations used for computing turbulent heat fluxes and albedo. For turbulent heat exchanges, the scale error is mainly influenced by model assumptions related to atmospheric stability. Finally, regions with strong meteorological and topographic variability show larger scale errors than more homogenous regions.
Reporting guidelines on remotely collected electronic mood data in mood disorder (eMOOD)—recommendations
Authors: Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Geddes John R. , Goodwin Guy M. , Bauer Michael , Duffy Anne , Vedel Kessing Lars , Saunders Kate 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProspective monitoring of mood was started by Kraepelin who made and recorded frequent observations of his patients. During the last decade, the number of research studies using remotely collected electronic mood data has increased markedly. However, standardized measures and methods to collect, analyze and report electronic mood data are lacking. To get better understanding of the nature, correlates and implications of mood and mood instability, and to standardize this process, we propose guidelines for reporting of electronic mood data (eMOOD). This paper provides an overview of remotely collected electronic mood data in mood disorders and discusses why standardized reporting is necessary to evaluate and inform mood research in Psychiatry. Adherence to these guidelines will improve interpretation, reproducibility and future meta-analyses of mood monitoring in mood disorder research.
Cardiac structure and function in patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotic drugs: an MRI study
Authors: Pillinger Toby , Osimo Emanuele F. , de Marvao Antonio , Berry Ms Alaine , Whitehurst Thomas , Statton Ben , Quinlan Marina , Brugger Stefan , Vazir Ali , Cook Stuart A. , O’Regan Declan P. , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of excess mortality in schizophrenia. Preclinical evidence shows antipsychotics can cause myocardial fibrosis and myocardial inflammation in murine models, but it is not known if this is the case in patients. We therefore set out to determine if there is evidence of cardiac fibrosis and/or inflammation using cardiac MRI in medicated patients with schizophrenia compared with matched healthy controls. Thirty-one participants (14 patients and 17 controls) underwent cardiac MRI assessing myocardial markers of fibrosis/inflammation, indexed by native myocardial T1 time, and cardiac structure (left ventricular (LV) mass) and function (left/right ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, stroke volumes, and ejection fractions). Participants were physically fit, and matched for age, gender, smoking, blood pressure, BMI, HbA1c, ethnicity, and physical activity. Compared with controls, native myocardial T1 was significantly longer in patients with schizophrenia (effect size, d = 0.89; p = 0.02). Patients had significantly lower LV mass, and lower left/right ventricular end-diastolic and stroke volumes (effect sizes, d = 0.86–1.08; all p-values < 0.05). There were no significant differences in left/right end-systolic volumes and ejection fractions between groups (p > 0.05). These results suggest an early diffuse fibro-inflammatory myocardial process in patients that is independent of established CVD-risk factors and could contribute to the excess cardiovascular mortality associated with schizophrenia. Future studies are required to determine if this is due to antipsychotic treatment or is intrinsic to schizophrenia.
Construction of JRG (Japanese reference genome) with single-molecule real-time sequencing
Authors: Nagasaki Masao , Kuroki Yoko , Shibata Tomoko F. , Katsuoka Fumiki , Mimori Takahiro , Kawai Yosuke , Minegishi Naoko , Hozawa Atsushi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Suzuki Yoichi , Kawame Hiroshi , Nagami Fuji , Takai-Igarashi Takako , Ogishima Soichi , Kojima Kaname , Misawa Kazuharu , Tanabe Osamu , Fuse Nobuo , Tanaka Hiroshi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Kinoshita Kengo , Kure Shiego , Yasuda Jun , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent genome analyses, population-specific reference panels have indicated important. However, reference panels based on short-read sequencing data do not sufficiently cover long insertions. Therefore, the nature of long insertions has not been well documented. Here, we assembled a Japanese genome using single-molecule real-time sequencing data and characterized insertions found in the assembled genome. We identified 3691 insertions ranging from 100 bps to ~10,000 bps in the assembled genome relative to the international reference sequence (GRCh38). To validate and characterize these insertions, we mapped short-reads from 1070 Japanese individuals and 728 individuals from eight other populations to insertions integrated into GRCh38. With this result, we constructed JRGv1 (Japanese Reference Genome version 1) by integrating the 903 verified insertions, totaling 1,086,173 bases, shared by at least two Japanese individuals into GRCh38. We also constructed decoyJRGv1 by concatenating 3559 verified insertions, totaling 2,536,870 bases, shared by at least two Japanese individuals or by six other assemblies. This assembly improved the alignment ratio by 0.4% on average. These results demonstrate the importance of refining the reference assembly and creating a population-specific reference genome. JRGv1 and decoyJRGv1 are available at the JRG website.
Tomographic near-eye displays
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Jo Youngjin , Yoo Dongheon , Cho Jaebum , Lee Dukho , Lee Byoungho 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ultimate 3D displays should provide both psychological and physiological cues for depth recognition. However, it has been challenging to satisfy the essential features without making sacrifices in the resolution, frame rate, and eye box. Here, we present a tomographic near-eye display that supports a wide depth of field, quasi-continuous accommodation, omni-directional motion parallax, preserved resolution, full frame, and moderate field of view within a sufficient eye box. The tomographic display consists of focus-tunable optics, a display panel, and a fast spatially adjustable backlight. The synchronization of the focus-tunable optics and the backlight enables the display panel to express the depth information. We implement a benchtop prototype near-eye display, which is the most promising application of tomographic displays. We conclude with a detailed analysis and thorough discussion of the display's optimal volumetric reconstruction. of tomographic displays.
Comparative analysis of mRNA and protein degradation in prostate tissues indicates high stability of proteins
Authors: Shao Wenguang , Guo Tiannan , Toussaint Nora C. , Xue Peng , Wagner Ulrich , Li Li , Charmpi Konstantina , Zhu Yi , Wu Jianmin , Buljan Marija , Sun Rui , Rutishauser Dorothea , Hermanns Thomas , Fankhauser Christian Daniel , Poyet Cedric , Ljubicic Jelena , Rupp Niels , Rüschoff Jan H. , Zhong Qing , Beyer Andreas , Ji Jiafu , Collins Ben C. , Liu Yansheng , Rätsch Gunnar , Wild Peter J. , Aebersold Ruedi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeterioration of biomolecules in clinical tissues is an inevitable pre-analytical process, which affects molecular measurements and thus potentially confounds conclusions from cohort analyses. Here, we investigate the degradation of mRNA and protein in 68 pairs of adjacent prostate tissue samples using RNA-Seq and SWATH mass spectrometry, respectively. To objectively quantify the extent of protein degradation, we develop a numerical score, the Proteome Integrity Number (PIN), that faithfully measures the degree of protein degradation. Our results indicate that protein degradation only affects 5.9% of the samples tested and shows negligible correlation with mRNA degradation in the adjacent samples. These findings are confirmed by independent analyses on additional clinical sample cohorts and across different mass spectrometric methods. Overall, the data show that the majority of samples tested are not compromised by protein degradation, and establish the PIN score as a generic and accurate indicator of sample quality for proteomic analyses.
All-polymer particulate slurry batteries
Authors: Yan Wen , Wang Caixing , Tian Jiaqi , Zhu Guoyin , Ma Lianbo , Wang Yanrong , Chen Renpeng , Hu Yi , Wang Lei , Chen Tao , Ma Jing , Jin Zhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRedox flow batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage, but some long-standing problems such as safety issues, system cost and cycling stability must be resolved. Here we demonstrate a type of redox flow battery that is based on all-polymer particulate slurry electrolytes. Micro-sized and uniformly dispersed all-polymer particulate suspensions are utilized as redox-active materials in redox flow batteries, breaking through the solubility limit and facilitating the application of insoluble redox-active materials. Expensive ion-exchange membranes are replaced by commercial dialysis membranes, which can simultaneously realize the rapid shuttling of H+ ions and cut off the migration of redox-active particulates across the separator via size exclusion. In result, the all-polymer particulate slurry redox flow batteries exhibit a highly reversible multi-electron redox process, rapid electrochemical kinetics and ultra-stable long-term cycling capability.
Selective pressures during chronic infection drive microbial competition and cooperation
Authors: Baishya Jiwasmika , Wakeman Catherine A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChronic infections often contain complex mixtures of pathogenic and commensal microorganisms ranging from aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to fungi and viruses. The microbial communities present in infected tissues are not passively co-existing but rather actively interacting with each other via a spectrum of competitive and/or cooperative mechanisms. Competition versus cooperation in these microbial interactions can be driven by both the composition of the microbial community as well as the presence of host defense strategies. These interactions are typically mediated via the production of secreted molecules. In this review, we will explore the possibility that microorganisms competing for nutrients at the host–pathogen interface can evolve seemingly cooperative mechanisms by controlling the production of subsets of secreted virulence factors. We will also address interspecies versus intraspecies utilization of community resources and discuss the impact that this phenomenon might have on co-evolution at the host–pathogen interface.
Binary-phase acoustic passive logic gates
Authors: Wang Yin , Xia Jian-ping , Sun Hong-xiang , Yuan Shou-qi , Liu Xiao-jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe recent rapid development of acoustic logic devices has opened up the possibilities of sound computing and information processing. However, simultaneous realization of acoustic logic devices with subwavelength size, broad bandwidth and passive structure still poses a great challenge. To overcome it, we propose a subwavelength acoustic logic gate which consists of binary-phase passive unit cells placed into a multi-port waveguide. Based on the phase manipulations of the unit cells, we experimentally and numerically realize three basic logic gates OR, NOT and AND, and a composite logic gate XOR with a uniform threshold of 0.4 Pa based on linear acoustic interferences. More importantly, We also design a composite logic gate XNOR by a four-port waveguide, and composite logic gates NOR and NAND and a logic operation A⊙(B+C) based on two logic gates. We demonstrate a 0.6λ-length, 0.3λ-width, and 0.2-fractional bandwidth acoustic logic gate constructed by passive structures, which may lead to important advances in various applications, such as acoustic computing, acoustic information processing and integrated acoustics.
Photomagnetic effects in metal-free liquid crystals
Authors: Akita Takuya , Sugiyama Yuki , Yamazaki Taira , Nakagami Sho , Kiyohara Daichi , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal-free liquid-crystalline (LC) materials consisting of a LC nitroxide radical compound exhibit light-induced reversible switching of the magnetic properties as a new photomagnetic effect. This behavior is based on the abrupt change of magnetic properties at the phase transition directly from a chiral smectic C phase to an isotropic liquid (Iso) phase. The origin of the abrupt change is probably the difference in the inhomogeneity of the intermolecular magnetic interactions between LC and Iso phases. To our knowledge, there are no existing reports on a material showing the reversible and quick phase transitions with the large difference of the inhomogeneity. Here we show a relatively simple way to design a compound to enlarge the difference between LC and Iso phases and to make the response quick and reversible. In addition, the presented analysis method that mines Gaussian components from electron paramagnetic resonance spectra enables us to precisely evaluate magnetic properties in condensed phases.