bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health status in children with haemophilia - a comparative study
Authors: Babu N. S. Venkatesh , Shah Milind , Patel Purna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
People with haemophilia may neglect their oral hygiene due to the fear of bleeding during brushing, leading to an increase in dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis in this group. The available literature shows very few studies on the oral health status of children with haemophilia. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to assess the oral health status of children with haemophilia in comparison with healthy children. Data were collected from a study and control groups of haemophilic and healthy children aged 6-16 years. All children were examined under standardised conditions by a single qualified examiner and Plaque Index (PI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and primary dmft index were recorded. A questionnaire distributed to the parents was analysed using Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis test, and showed a significant difference in GMI and DMFT and dmft scores between the study and control groups, a lower level of parental education level in the study group, a difference in the frequency of tooth brushing between the two groups, and a statistically higher frequency of sugar consumption among the children with haemophilia. The study concluded that children with haemophilia have poor oral health status compared to healthy children. Parental education levels, beliefs and attitude towards dental health have an impact on the child’s overall dental health. This indicates a need for early intervention by dental services as a preventive measure for children with haemophilia.
The use of tranexamic acid in reducing bleeding complications
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Tranexamic acid inhibits fibrinolysis by competitively blocking the lysine binding sites of plasminogen, inhibiting binding between fibrin and plasminogen, and activation of plasminogen. It also competitively inhibits tissue plasminogen activator and inhibits plasmininduced platelet activation. The synthesis of tranexamic acid was first reported in 1962. It is used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from trauma, surgery, and in various medical conditions including haemophilia and heavy menstrual bleeding. As a medicine affecting coagulation, it is listed in the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. Tranexamic acid remains a versatile and inexpensive agent with potential benefit in health services from the lowest to highest income countries. This pharmacy review focuses on the evidence base to support the use of tranexamic acid in acquired and inherited bleeding disorders to reduce bleeding complications.
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia: Working through cultural barriers
Authors: Tapia Colleen , Tovar-Herrera Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding syndrome characterised by a lack of platelet aggregation. This case study considers a young woman affected by this disease, integrating the role her culture plays in her medical management. Fatima (patient renamed for the purposes of this case study) is a 16-year-old girl with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia and heterozygous factor XIII deficiency, complicated by menorrhagia and a history of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion for symptomatic anemia, with subsequent development of red blood cell (RBC) antibodies. Management has included years of working on hormone control, as well as dealing with the side-effects of such treatment, and starting NovoSeven (Novo Nordisk) recombinant factor VII infusions along with factor XIII replacement (Corifact; CSL Behring) via the use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), following set-backs related to hormone control. Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia had its first true impact on Fatima at the onset of her menstrual cycle, just prior to the start of her teenage years. Her first menstrual cycle resulted in her admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), where emergency measures were required to save her life. When options to help Fatima began to diminish, Corifact was initiated to correct her factor XIII deficiency, thus allowing the cross-linking of fibrin to form a more stable clot. Fatima is Arab American of Palestinian descent. She has undergone HLA testing and evaluation for bone marrow transplant, however no matches have been identified to date. The family has had another child with intention of saving cord blood, but Fatima’s transplant team has determined that better matches are likely to be found in unrelated donors. Pregnancy for Fatima is very high risk and believed to be life-threatening for her, which plays a very significant role in her life as a young Arab American woman.
Public Health Surveillance for Zika Virus: Data Interpretation and Report Validity
Authors: Piltch-Loeb Rachael , Kraemer John , Lin Kenneth W. , Stoto Michael A. 
Published: August 2018

Zika virus provides an example for which public health surveillance is based primarily on health care provider notifications to health departments of potential cases. This case-based surveillance is commonly used to understand the spread of disease in a population. However, case-based surveillance is often biased—whether testing is done and which tests are used and the accuracy of the results depend on a variety of factors including test availability, patient demand, perceptions of transmission, and patient and provider awareness, leading to surveillance artifacts that can provide misleading information on the spread of a disease in a population and have significant public health practice implications. To better understand this challenge, we first summarize the process that health departments use to generate surveillance reports, then describe factors influencing testing and reporting patterns at the patient, provider, and contextual level. We then describe public health activities, including active surveillance, that influence both patient and provider behavior as well as surveillance reports, and conclude with a discussion about the interpretation of surveillance data and approaches that could improve the validity of surveillance reports.
Longitudinal Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Age Among Male Firefighters in San Diego, California, 2005–2015
Authors: Cameron Natalie Avella , Shen Jian , Rusk Kathleen , Parker Richard , Godino Job G. , Nichols Jeanne F. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To determine age-associated changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among firefighters. Methods. Male firefighters (n = 1169) underwent annual evaluations from 2005 to 2015 in San Diego, California. We assessed CRF, the ability to deliver and use oxygen, during a maximal graded exercise test and recorded it in metabolic equivalents (METs; 1 MET = 3.5 ml/kg/min). We investigated differences in baseline CRF among 10-year age groups and patterns of change over follow-up using cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Results. Both analyses support an inverse relationship between CRF and age. Mean baseline CRF decreased from 15.7 ±1.7 to 11.7 ±1.9 METs in the younger than 30 years and 50 years and older age groups, respectively. There was no interaction between body fat and age in predicting CRF (Page × body fat = .09). Longitudinally, there was a nonlinear decrease in CRF, which differed across age groups: the youngest age group demonstrated the greatest decrease in CRF. Conclusions. Results support a negative, nonlinear association between age and CRF without modification by body fatness. Public Health Implications. Fire departments should recognize the health and safety risks of declining CRF and institutionalize programs to promote firefighter fitness.
HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiation at a Large Community Clinic: Differences Between Eligibility, Awareness, and Uptake
Authors: Shover Chelsea L. , Javanbakht Marjan , Shoptaw Steven , Bolan Robert K. , Lee Sung-Jae , Parsons Jeffrey T. , Rendina Jonathon , Gorbach Pamina M. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives. To characterize uptake of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a community setting and to identify disparities in PrEP use by demographic and behavioral factors associated with increased HIV risk. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 19 587 men who have sex with men and transgender people visiting a Los Angeles, California, clinic specializing in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender care between August 2015 and February 2018 by using clinical care data. Results. Seventy percent of patients met PrEP eligibility criteria, while 10% reported PrEP use. Using sex drugs, reporting both condomless anal intercourse and recent sexually transmitted infection, older age, and higher education level were associated with higher odds of PrEP use given eligibility. Latino or Asian race/ethnicity and bisexual orientation were associated with lower odds of PrEP use given eligibility. Higher odds of perceived need were associated with demographic risk factors but PrEP use was not similarly elevated. Conclusions. Discrepancies between PrEP eligibility, perceived need, and use reveal opportunities to improve PrEP delivery in community settings. Public Health Implications. Efforts are needed to facilitate PrEP uptake in populations with highest HIV incidence.
Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Sonnenfeld Julian J. , Trofa David P. , Mehta Manish P. , Steinl Gabrielle , Lynch T. Sean 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The first recorded attempt at arthroscopic visualization of the hip can be attributed to Dr. Michael Burman in 1931. Since then, hip arthroscopy has become widely used for the management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) because of its clear benefits, including a low complication rate and limited patient morbidity as compared with traditional open approaches.

Description:
Arthroscopic management of FAI begins with arthroscopy of the central compartment, where the intra-articular damage is identified. Standard portal placement provides optimal access for surveying and accessing intra-articular injury. The pathological findings identified preoperatively and confirmed during diagnostic arthroscopy dictate the necessary arthroscopic procedures. Correction of acetabular overcoverage and repair of the labrum to the acetabular rim can correct pincer lesions. Femoral-sided cam lesions require removal of traction and application of hip flexion in order to perform a femoral osteoplasty to recreate a normal anatomic femoral head-neck offset. Finally, capsular management is performed as clinically indicated.

Alternatives:
Appropriate management of FAI typically begins with nonoperative care consisting of rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), activity modification, and physical therapy
1
. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections can also provide relief
2
. Open procedures involving surgical hip dislocation can be utilized to address pathological conditions not accessible arthroscopically. Additionally, a “mini-open” procedure in which intra-articular disorders are treated arthroscopically and cam lesions are resected via a small anterior exposure can be employed
3,4
.

Rationale:
Hip arthroscopy offers a minimally invasive technique that can be effective for treating intra-articular hip disorders and is usually favored over open surgical dislocation. Hip arthroscopy has been shown to result in higher functional outcome scores than open procedures, with lower rates of complications
5
. Hip arthroscopy is playing an increasingly important role as an adjunct diagnostic and therapeutic tool in conjunction with open femoral and/or periacetabular osteotomy for complex hip deformities.
Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacterial Communities in Advanced Nitrogen‐Removal Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems
Authors: Wigginton Sara , Brannon Elizabeth , Kearns Patrick J. , Lancellotti Brittany , Cox Alissa , Loomis George W. , Amador Jose A. 
Published: August 2018

Advanced N‐removal onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) rely on nitrification and denitrification to remove N from wastewater. Despite their use to reduce N contamination, we know little about microbial communities controlling N removal in these systems. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high‐throughput sequencing targeting nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) and bacterial ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) to determine the size, structure, and composition of communities containing these genes. We analyzed water samples from three advanced N‐removal technologies in 38 systems in five towns in Rhode Island in August 2016, and in nine systems from one town in June, August, and October 2016. Abundance of nosZ ranged from 9.1 × 103 to 9 × 108 copies L−1 and differed among technologies and over time, whereas bacterial amoA abundance ranged from 0 to 1.9 × 107 copies L−1 and was not different among technologies or over time. Richness and diversity of nosZ—but not amoA—differed over time, with median Shannon diversity indices ranging from 2.61 in October to 4.53 in August. We observed weak community similarity patterns driven by geography and technology in nosZ. The most abundant nosZ‐ and amoA‐containing bacteria were associated with water distribution and municipal wastewater treatment plants, such as Nitrosomonas and Thauera species. Our results show that nosZ communities in N‐removal OWTS technologies differ slightly in terms of size and diversity as a function of time, but not geography, whereas amoA communities are similar across time, technology, and geography. Furthermore, community composition appears to be stable across technologies, geography, and time for amoA.Core Ideas
We describe N‐cycling bacterial communities in advanced N‐removal septic systems.
Geographic factors are weak drivers of community composition in nosZ.
Technology design is a weak driver of community composition in nosZ.
Community composition of amoA is similar across time, space, and among technologies
Time drives differences in nosZ—but not amoA—diversity and abundance.
A New Simulation Framework for Soil–Root Interaction, Evaporation, Root Growth, and Solute Transport
Authors: Koch Timo , Heck Katharina , Schröder Natalie , Class Holger , Helmig Rainer 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
We present a locally mass‐conservative flow, transport, and root–soil interaction model.
We include a sustainable, flexible research software framework for plant‐scale model development.
This is an improved model concept for fluid dynamic processes, evaporation, root water uptake.
We have developed a general model concept and a flexible software framework for the description of plant‐scale soil–root interaction processes including the essential fluid mechanical processes in the vadose zone. The model was developed in the framework of non‐isothermal, multiphase, multicomponent flow and transport in porous media. The software is an extension of the open‐source porous media flow and transport simulator DuMux to embedded mixed‐dimensional coupled schemes. Our coupling concept allows us to describe all processes in a strongly coupled form and adapt the complexity of the governing equations in favor of either accuracy or computational efficiency. We have developed the necessary numerical tools to solve the strongly coupled nonlinear partial differential equation systems that arise with a locally mass conservative numerical scheme even in the context of evolving root architectures. We demonstrate the model concept and its features, discussing a virtual hydraulic lift experiment including evaporation, root tracer uptake on a locally refined grid, the simultaneous simulation of root growth and root water uptake, and an irrigation scenario comparing different models for flow in unsaturated soil. We have analyzed the impact of evaporation from soil on the soil water distribution around a single plant's root system. Moreover, we have shown that locally refined grids around the root system increase computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the assumptions behind the Richards equation may be violated under certain conditions.
Hydrotalcites in Organic Synthesis: Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Nope Eliana , Sathicq Gabriel , Martinez José , Rojas Hugo , Luque Rafael , Romanelli Gustavo 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The use of solid bases as heterogeneous catalysts allows the replacement of conventional
bases in Organic Chemistry, being of outmost importance. Lamellar double hydroxides or hydrotalcites
are materials having excellent basic properties and high surface areas. As their surface properties have been
used as bifunctional catalysts allowing the incorporation of metals and depending on the calcination temperature,
these materials may exhibit Lewis or Brönsted basic sites. Additionally, they are widely used in various
organic synthesis reactions.

Objective:
This contribution has been aimed to provide a compilation of the application of hydrotalcites as basic
materials in organic synthesis, with a particular emphasis on multicomponent reactions.

Conclusion:
Hydrotalcites act as heterogeneous catalysts that conduct highly efficient processes in short reaction
times and with the advantage of their easy recovery and reuse without significant loss of their catalytic activity.
In addition, due to the modification of their structural and chemical properties, they are catalysts with
multiple applications in organic synthesis such as Michael addition reactions, dehydrogenation reactions of alcohols,
Knoevenagel condensations, reduction reactions, oxidations, epoxidations, multicomponent reactions,
among others. Multicomponent reactions are of major interest since they allow obtaining compounds that have
high biological activity and are generated through processes in a single step by combining three or more starting
reagents under solvent-free conditions.
2-Acryloyl-4,5-methylenedioxyphenol: A Small Molecule Endowed with Antidermatophytic Activity
Authors: Zuccolo Marco , Dallavalle Sabrina , Cincinelli Raffaella , Mattio Luce , Mazzini Stefania , De Cesare Michelandrea , Musso Loana 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Superficial fungal infections are the most common fungal diseases in
humans, affecting more than 25% of the population worldwide.

Methods:
In the present study, we have investigated the activity of kakuol, a natural compound
isolated from the rhizomes of Asarum sieboldii, and some analogues, against various dermatophytes
and pharmacologically relevant yeasts.

Results:
One of the tested compounds, 2-acryloyl-4,5-methylenedioxyphenol, showed a broadspectrum
activity against most of the fungal species assayed, resulting particularly effective against
dermatophyte strains (MIC values in the range of 0.25-0.5 &#181;g/mL, two/four-fold lower than the
positive control miconazole).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that this molecule can be considered a promising starting point for
the development of new antifungal compounds.
3D-QSAR Studies of S-DABO Derivatives as Non-nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Yueping , Chang Jie , Wang Jiangyuan , Zhong Peng , Zhang Yufang , Lai Christopher Cong , He Yanping 
Published: August 2018

Background:
S-dihydro-alkyloxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidines (S-DABOs) as non-nucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitors have received considerable attention during the last decade due to
their high potency against HIV-1.

Methods:
In this study, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) of
a series of 38 S-DABO analogues developed in our lab was studied using Comparative Molecular
Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA). The
Docking/MMFF94s computational protocol based on the co-crystallized complex (PDB ID: 1RT2)
was used to determine the most probable binding mode and to obtain reliable conformations for
molecular alignment. Statistically significant CoMFA (q2=0.766 and r2=0.949) and CoMSIA
(q2=0.827 and r2=0.974) models were generated using the training set of 30 compounds on the basis
of hybrid docking-based and ligand-based alignment.

Results:
The predictive ability of CoMFA and CoMSIA models was further validated using a test
set of eight compounds with predictive r2
pred values of 0.843 and 0.723, respectively.

Conclusion:
The information obtained from the 3D contour maps can be used in designing new SDABO
derivatives with improved HIV-1 inhibitory activity.
Molecular Modeling of an Orphan GPR18 Receptor
Authors: Kuder Kamil J. , Karcz Tadeusz , Kaleta Maria , Kiec-Kononowicz Katarzyna 
Published: August 2018

Background: :
One of the best known to date GPCR class A (Rhodopsin) includes more
than 100 orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligand is not known or is unclear. One of them
is N-arachidonyl glycine receptor, named GPR18, a receptor that has been reported to be activated
by Δ9-THC, endogenous cannabinoid receptors agonist anandamide and other cannabinoid receptor
ligands suggesting it could be considered as third cannabinoid receptor. GPR18 activity, as well as
its distribution might suggest usage of GPR18 ligands in treatment of endometriosis, cancer, and
neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, so far only few GPR18 antagonists have been described, thus
only ligand-based design approaches appear to be most useful to identify new ligands for this orphan
receptor.

Methods: :
Main goal of this study, GPR18 inactive form homology model was built on the basis of
the evolutionary closest homologous template: Human P2Y1 Receptor crystal structure.

Results: :
Obtained model was further evaluated and showed active/nonactive ligands differentiating
properties with acceptable confidence. Moreover, it allowed for preliminary assessment of proteinligand
interactions for a set of previously described ligands.

Conclusion::
Thus collected data might serve as a starting point for a discovery of novel, active
GPR18 blocking ligands.