bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of indoor microbial ecology and evolution on antibiotic resistance
Authors: Ben Maamar Sarah , Hu Jinglin , Hartmann Erica M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe indoor environment is an important source of microbial exposures for its human occupants. While we naturally want to favor positive health outcomes, built environment design and operation may counter-intuitively favor negative health outcomes, particularly with regard to antibiotic resistance. Indoor environments contain microbes from both human and non-human origins, providing a unique venue for microbial interactions, including horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, stressors present in the built environment could favor the exchange of genetic material in general and the retention of antibiotic resistance genes in particular. Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance both pose a potential threat to human health; these phenomena need to be considered and controlled separately. The presence of both environmental and human-associated microbes, along with their associated antibiotic resistance genes, in the face of stressors, including antimicrobial chemicals, creates a unique opportunity for the undesirable spread of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we summarize studies and findings related to various interactions between human-associated bacteria, environmental bacteria, and built environment conditions, and particularly their relation to antibiotic resistance, aiming to guide “healthy” building design.
Pruning chemicals from the green building landscape
Authors: Goodwin Robbins Lisa J. , Rodgers Kathryn M. , Walsh Bill , Ain Rachelle , Dodson Robin E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGreen building design has substantially minimized environmental impacts by reducing energy consumption compared with traditional buildings. Yet, it is not uncommon for a green building to meet the highest criteria for energy efficiency and be built with materials that contain chemicals hazardous to occupant health. Because of this discrepancy in achieving holistic sustainability, the architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) industry has never been more interested in occupant health and well-being than it is today. At the same time, numerous scientific studies have documented exposures to and associated health effects of chemicals used in building materials. Opportunities to translate environmental health research so that it is useful to the AEC community exist across the landscape of healthier buildings. For example, research can be conducted to prioritize building material and chemical combinations to demonstrate how green building certification systems, government building codes, and the building products marketplace can increase energy performance while also addressing the greatest chemical exposures and health impacts. In order for scientific research to be used to create and support healthier environments, researchers should design and translate their research with this landscape in mind and should consider experts in the AEC industry as ambassadors for change. We provide key examples of how scientists have promoted healthy building practices and highlight additional research opportunities.
ADP secreted by dying melanoma cells mediates chemotaxis and chemokine secretion of macrophages via the purinergic receptor P2Y12
Authors: Kloss Loreen , Dollt Claudia , Schledzewski Kai , Krewer Andreas , Melchers Susanne , Manta Calin , Sticht Carsten , Torre Carolina de la , Utikal Jochen , Umansky Viktor , Schmieder Astrid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMelanoma immunotherapy is still not satisfactory due to immunosuppressive cell populations within the tumor stroma. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can help to restore an anti-tumor immunity. Previously, we could show that classical TAM markers expressed in vivo need a 7 day M-CSF/dexamethasone/IL-4 (MDI) stimulation for their induction in peripheral blood monocytes (pBM) in vitro. To identify possible novel therapeutic targets on TAM, gene expression analysis of MDI-treated pBM was performed. This identified up-regulation of the purinergic G-protein coupled receptor P2Y12, the therapeutic target of the clinically approved anti-thrombotic drugs cangrelor, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel. We generated a peptide antibody and validated its specificity using transgenic P2Y12+ U937 cells. With the help of this antibody, P2Y12 expression was confirmed on CD68+ CD163+ TAM of melanoma in situ. Functional analysis revealed that treatment of transgenic P2Y12+ U937 cells with the receptor agonist 2-MeSADP induced ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation and increased the secretion of the chemokines CXCL2, CXCL7, and CXCL8. These effects could be abolished with the P2Y12 antagonist PSB0739 or with Akt and ERK inhibitors. In addition, P2Y12+ macrophages migrated towards the ADP-rich culture medium of puromycin-treated dying B16F1 melanoma cells. Cangrelor treatment blocked migration. Taken together, our results indicate that P2Y12 is an important chemotaxis receptor, which triggers migration of macrophages towards nucleotide-rich, necrotic tumor areas, and modulates the inflammatory environment upon ADP binding.
d-a-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate and a small-molecule Survivin suppressant synergistically induce apoptosis in SKBR3 breast cancer cells
Authors: Neophytou Christiana M. , Mesaritis Avgoustinos , Gregoriou Gregoria , Constantinou Andreas I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBreast cancer is the second in mortality rate malignancy among women. Despite the many advances in breast cancer treatment, there is still a need to improve drug efficacy and reduce non-specific effects. D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) is frequently used in the development of drug delivery systems to improve the pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drugs and reduce multi-drug resistance. We have previously shown that TPGS not only acts as a carrier molecule but also exerts anti-cancer effects. As part of this study, we investigated the effect of TPGS with YM155, a small molecule suppressant of Survivin, in various breast cancer cell lines representing different subtypes of the disease. We aimed to evaluate the presumed synergistic effect of the TPGS-YM155 combination and reveal its mechanism of action. Our results show that the TPGS-YM155 combination acts synergistically to reduce specifically the viability of SKBR3 cells. The combination of these agents reduced activation of the AKT pathway, decreased Survivin and Bcl-2 levels, and induced caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Importantly, the TPGS-YM155 combination did not significantly affect the viability of MCF-10A normal immortalized cells. In conclusion, the combination of YM155 and TPGS could be a promising approach against SKBR3-type breast cancer.
Probing the structure and electronic properties of beryllium doped boron clusters: A planar BeB16− cluster motif for metallo-borophene
Authors: Kang Dongliang , Sun Weiguo , Shi Hongxiao , Lu Cheng , Kuang Xiaoyu , Chen Bole , Xia Xinxin , Maroulis George 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBeryllium-doped boron clusters display essential similarities to borophene (boron sheet) with a molecular structure characterized by remarkable properties, such as anisotropy, metallicity and high conductivity. Here we have determined low-energy structures of BeBn0/− (n = 10–20) clusters by utilizing CALYPSO searching program and DFT optimization. The results indicated that most ground states of clusters prefer plane or quasi-plane structures by doped Be atom. A novel unexpected fascinating planar BeB16− cluster with C2v symmetry is uncovered which possesses robust relative stability. Furthermore, planar BeB16− offers a possibility to construct metallo-borophene nano-materials. Molecular orbital and chemical bonding analysis reveal the peculiarities of BeB16− cluster brings forth the aromaticity and the strong interaction of B-B σ-bonds in boron network.
How Vocal Emotions Produced by Children With Cochlear Implants Are Perceived by Their Hearing Peers
Authors: Damm Sara A. , Sis Jenni L. , Kulkarni Aditya M. , Chatterjee Monita 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Cochlear implants (CIs) transmit a degraded version of the acoustic input to the listener. This impacts the perception of harmonic pitch, resulting in deficits in the perception of voice features critical to speech prosody. Such deficits may relate to changes in how children with CIs (CCIs) learn to produce vocal emotions. The purpose of this study was to investigate happy and sad emotional speech productions by school-age CCIs, compared to productions by children with normal hearing (NH), postlingually deaf adults with CIs, and adults with NH.

Method
All individuals recorded the same emotion-neutral sentences in a happy manner and a sad manner. These recordings were then used as stimuli in an emotion recognition task performed by child and adult listeners with NH. Their performance was taken as a measure of how well the 4 groups of talkers communicated the 2 emotions.

Results
Results showed high variability in the identifiability of emotions produced by CCIs, relative to other groups. Some CCIs produced highly identifiable emotions, while others showed deficits. The postlingually deaf adults with CIs produced highly identifiable emotions and relatively small intersubject variability. Age at implantation was found to be a significant predictor of performance by CCIs. In addition, the NH listeners' age predicted how well they could identify the emotions produced by CCIs. Thus, older NH child listeners were better able to identify the CCIs' intended emotions than younger NH child listeners. In contrast to the deficits in their emotion productions, CCIs produced highly intelligible words in the sentences carrying the emotions.

Conclusions
These results confirm previous findings showing deficits in CCIs' productions of prosodic cues and indicate that early auditory experience plays an important role in vocal emotion productions by individuals with CIs.
Surgical Management of Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Jackson Oksana A. , Kaye Alison E. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this tutorial was to describe the surgical management of palate-related abnormalities associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Craniofacial differences in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may include overt or occult clefting of the palate and/or lip along with oropharyngeal variances that may lead to velopharyngeal dysfunction. This chapter will describe these circumstances, including incidence, diagnosis, and indications for surgical intervention. Speech assessment and imaging of the velopharyngeal system will be discussed as it relates to preoperative evaluation and surgical decision making. Important for patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is appropriate preoperative screening to assess for internal carotid artery positioning, cervical spine abnormalities, and obstructive sleep apnea. Timing of surgery as well as different techniques, common complications, and outcomes will also be discussed.ConclusionManagement of velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is challenging and requires thoughtful preoperative assessment and planning as well as a careful surgical technique.
Regional and Social Disparities for Obesity among Austrian Adults: Representative Long-term Trends from 1973–2014
Authors: Großschädl Franziska , Stronegger Willibald Julius 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Study aim To present regional long-term trends for the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) among Austrian adults in Western, Central and Eastern Austria. Furthermore, the educational inequality regarding obesity was analysed in these regions in Austria for the investigation period.
Methods Self-reported data from six nationally representative, cross-sectional surveys (n=194,030) conducted between 1973 and 2014 were analysed. Absolute changes (AC) and Etiologic fractions (EF) were calculated to measure trends. The extent of social inequality was presented by the relative index of inequality (RII) based on the educational level.
Results Since 1973, a clear east to west gradient for obesity among adults in Austria has been observed. In 2014, the age-standardized prevalence was highest among Eastern Austrian adults (women: 16.9%; men: 18.2%). A constant increase in obesity among men has been visible since 1983. Since 2007, the values for women have stabilized, while the prevalence of obesity among female Austrians in Western and Central Austria decreased. Considering the AC for the prevalence of obesity from 1983 on, the highest increase was found among women (+2.60%) and men (+1.56%) in Eastern Austria. The outcomes regarding social inequality are instable on a regional level, with the highest RII observed in 2014 for Central Austria.
Conclusion These study findings reveal significant regional differences in the prevalence of obesity in Austria and confirm the existence of an current east-west gradient in Austria for obesity. Considering the latest trends, especially men represent a risk group for obesity in the 3 regions.
Variablendefinition in fallbezogenen Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten – Fallstricke und Lösungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Nimptsch Ulrike , Spoden Melissa , Mansky Thomas 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland ist mit der Fallpauschalenbezogenen Krankenhausstatistik (DRG-Statistik) eine Vollerhebung der Abrechnungsdaten nahezu aller akutstationären Krankenhausbehandlungsfälle verfügbar. Die Mikrodaten, d. h. die Datensätze der einzelnen Behandlungsfälle, werden von den Forschungsdatenzentren der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder für die wissenschaftliche Nutzung bereitgestellt. Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten werden zu Abrechnungszwecken erhoben und haben – wie andere Datenquellen auch – spezifische Besonderheiten und Eigenschaften, die bei der Planung von Analysen und im Studiendesign angemessen berücksichtigt werden müssen. Eine besondere Herausforderung ist dabei die sachgerechte Operationalisierung von Analyseeinheiten, Zielgrößen und weiteren Variablen, die u. a. eine mögliche unterschiedliche Kodierpraxis in verschiedenen Krankenhäusern antizipiert und deren Auswirkungen über eine durchdachte Variablendefinition minimiert. In diesem Beitrag wird anhand von praktischen Beispielen aufgezeigt, was bei der Definition von Variablen in fallbezogenen Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten beachtet werden sollte, um das Risiko von kodierungs- oder anderweitig bedingten Verzerrungen möglichst gering zu halten. Ausgehend von den Erfahrungen der Autoren werden die wichtigsten Schritte und Herausforderungen in Bezug auf ein typisches retrospektives Beobachtungsstudiendesign in der Versorgungsforschung beschrieben. Basierend auf bereits durchgeführten Projekten auf der Grundlage der Mikrodaten der Fallpauschalenbezogenen Krankenhausstatistik (DRG-Statistik) werden Beispiele anhand eigener Berechnungen illustriert. Die Verlässlichkeit und Interpretierbarkeit von Analysen auf der Grundlage der Mikrodaten der DRG-Statistik hängt entscheidend von der sachgerechten Operationalisierung der Variablen ab. Um das Risiko von Verzerrungen und Fehlinterpretationen möglichst gering zu halten, sind umfangreiche Vorüberlegungen notwendig, die neben medizinisch-klinischen Aspekten auch den Kontext der Datenerhebung und die klassifikatorischen Möglichkeiten zur Abbildung bestimmter Sachverhalte berücksichtigen. Es ist zu hoffen, dass die Akzeptanz von Studien auf der Grundlage von Krankenhausabrechnungsdaten weiter zunimmt und der wertvolle Datenbestand der DRG-Statistik in Zukunft noch intensiver für Forschungszwecke genutzt wird.
Isovelocity vs. Isoinertial Sprint Cycling Tests for Power- and Torque-cadence Relationships
Authors: Kordi Mehdi , Folland Jonathan , Goodall Stuart , Barratt Paul , Howatson Glyn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSprint cycling performance is heavily dependent on mechanical peak power output (PPO) and the underlying power- and torque-cadence relationships. Other key indices of these relationships include maximum torque (TMAX), cadence (CMAX) and optimal cadence (COPT). Two common methods are used in the laboratory to ascertain PPO: isovelocity and isoinertial. Little research has been carried out to compare the magnitude and reliability of these performance measures with these two common sprint cycling assessments. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude and reliability of PPO, TMAX, CMAX and COPT measured with isovelocity and isoinertial sprint cycling methods. Two experimental sessions required 20 trained cyclists to perform isoinertial sprints and then isovelocity sprints. For each method, power-cadence and torque-cadence relationships were established, and PPO and COPT were interpolated and TMAX and CMAX were extrapolated. The isoinertial method produced significantly higher PPO (p<0.001) and TMAX (p<0.001) than the isovelocity method. However, the isovelocity method produced significantly higher COPT (p<0.001) and CMAX (p=0.002). Both sprint cycling tests showed high levels of between-session reliability (isoinertial 2.9–4.4%; isovelocity 2.7–4.0%). Functional measures of isovelocity and isoinertial sprint cycling tests were highly reliable but should not be used interchangably.
Der MDK als Institution der Qualitätssicherung im deutschen
Gesundheitssystem: Qualitätsprüfungen auf Basis der Richtlinie
zu minimalinvasiven Herzklappeninterventionen des G-BA – ein
Praxisbericht
Authors: Ritter Sebastian , Lehr Frauke , Gaertner Thomas , van Essen Jörg 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) hat im Jahr 2015
eine Richtlinie zu minimalinvasiven Herzklappeninterventionen (MHI-RL)
beschlossen. Krankenhäuser haben demnach jährlich die
Erfüllung der Qualitätsanforderungen der Richtlinie in Form
von Checklisten gegenüber den Sozialleistungsträgern zu
erklären. Diese können die Angaben durch den Medizinischen
Dienst der Krankenversicherung (MDK) vor Ort überprüfen
lassen. Es wird über die Erfahrungen mit diesen Prüfungen in
hessischen Krankenhäusern berichtet.
Methode Beim MDK Hessen werden nach Beauftragung durch die
Sozialleistungsträger und entsprechender Ankündigung die
Prüfungen von 2 ärztlichen Fachgutachtern im Rahmen von
Begehungen vor Ort in den Krankenhäusern durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Seit dem Inkrafttreten der MHI-RL wurden bei 12 hessischen
Krankenhäusern 33 Qualitätsprüfungen zur
kathetergestützten Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI) und/oder
transvenösen Clip-Rekonstruktion der Mitralklappe
(TMVR/„MitraClip®“)
durchgeführt. Im Rahmen einer ersten Prüfung konnte in
87,5% der Krankenhäuser, die TAVI und TMVR
durchführen, und in 50,0% der ausschließlich TMVR
durchführenden Krankenhäuser eine Übereinstimmung
mit den Checklisten nachvollzogen werden. Im Fall einer
Nichterfüllung konnte in allen Fällen im Nachgang der
Erstprüfung innerhalb der jeweils mit den
Sozialleistungsträgern vereinbarten Frist die Erfüllung
bestätigt werden. Bis zum Stichtag 21.03.2017 konnte in 11 der 12
überprüften und seit März 2018 in allen 12
Krankenhäusern die Anforderungen der MHI-RL als erfüllt
beurteilt werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Seit Inkrafttreten der MHI-RL erfolgt konsequent
eine Beauftragung des MDK Hessen als unabhängige und unparteiische
sozialmedizinische Sachverständigeninstitution innerhalb der
gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Mit den Qualitätsprüfungen
leistet er einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung der
spezialisierten stationären Versorgung in Hessen. Dies hat zu einer
flächendeckenden Erfüllung der Qualitätsvorgaben der
MHI-RL in Hessen geführt. Aufgrund dieser Erfahrungen ist der MDK
Hessen gut für die Herausforderungen der zukünftigen
MDK-Qualitätskontroll-Richtlinie/MDK-QK-RL
gerüstet.
Inzidenz und prädiktive Faktoren des bilateralen papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms
Authors: Jo Peter , Kesruek Hatice , Nietert Manuel , Sahlmann Carsten Oliver , Gaedcke Jochen , Ghadimi Michael , Sperling Jens 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nach Diagnose eines papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms (PTC) mit einer Primärtumorgröße von ≥ 10 mm und < 10 mm wird, vor dem Hintergrund eines möglichen bilateralen Tumorbefalls, das Konzept der weiteren chirurgischen Therapie nach wie vor kontrovers diskutiert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Inzidenz sowie prädiktive Faktoren für das Vorhandensein eines bilateralen papillären Schilddrüsenkarzinoms hinsichtlich der Auswahl einer optimalen chirurgischen Therapie zu identifizieren.
Material und Methoden Anhand einer retrospektiven Datenbank wurden bei 123 Patienten mit einem PTC, die entweder primär eine totale Thyreoidektomie oder eine Komplettierungsoperation nach Hemithyreoidektomie erhielten, die Parameter Tumorgröße, histopathologische Charakteristika, Multifokalität sowie Lymphknotenmetastasierung mit dem Vorhandensein eines bilateralen Tumorbefalls für die Primärtumorgrößen ≥ 10 mm und < 10 mm sowie ≥ 7 mm und < 7 mm korreliert.
Ergebnisse Im gesamten Patientenkollektiv zeigte sich in 26 Fällen ein bilaterales PTC. Dieses war signifikant häufiger, wenn die Primärtumorgröße ≥ 10 mm betrug (77 %). Im Vergleich dazu boten Patienten mit einer Primärtumorgröße von < 10 mm nur in 23 % der Fälle ein bilaterales PTC (p = 0,004). Die Multifokalität des Primärtumors erwies sich hierbei als positiver prädiktiver Faktor für ein bilaterales PTC (p = 5,022e-18). Bei bilateralem Nachweis eines PTCs zeigte sich ein Trend für das Auftreten von metachronen Lymphknotenmetastasen (p = 0,0691). Darüber hinaus konnten in den Analysen bezogen auf eine Primärtumorgröße von ≥ 7 mm und < 7 mm die oben genannten Ergebnisse reproduziert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende retrospektive Datenanalyse zeigt, dass eine Primärtumorgröße von ≥ 10 mm mit einem signifikant häufigeren bilateralen Tumorbefall korreliert. Multifokalität erwies sich als positiver prädiktiver Faktor für das Vorhandensein eines bilateralen PTCs. Bei Nachweis eines multifokalen PTCs, auch bei Primärtumorgrößen < 10 mm, sollte demnach eine primäre totale Thyreoidektomie bzw. eine Komplettierungsoperation als chirurgisches Therapieverfahren erwogen werden. Bei Multifokalität und nicht erfolgter Komplettierungsoperation ist eine engmaschige Nachsorge notwendig, um frühzeitig einen bilateralen Tumorbefall oder Lymphknotenmetastasen detektieren zu können.