bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition of Set of diagnostic Parameters of System based on the Functional Spaces Theory
Authors: Senchenkov Valentin , Absalyamov Damir , Avsyukevich Dmitriy 
Published: August 2019

The development of methodical and mathematical apparatus for formation of a set of diagnostic parameters of complex technical systems, the content of which consists of processing the trajectories of the output processes of the system using the theory of functional spaces, is considered in this paper. The trajectories of the output variables are considered as Lebesgue measurable functions. It ensures a unified approach to obtaining diagnostic parameters regardless a physical nature of these variables and a set of their jump-like changes (finite discontinuities of trajectories). It adequately takes into account a complexity of the construction, a variety of physical principles and algorithms of systems operation. A structure of factor-spaces of measurable square Lebesgue integrable functions, ( spaces) is defined on sets of trajectories. The properties of these spaces allow to decompose the trajectories by the countable set of mutually orthogonal directions and represent them in the form of a convergent series. The choice of a set of diagnostic parameters as an ordered sequence of coefficients of decomposition of trajectories into partial sums of Fourier series is substantiated. The procedure of formation of a set of diagnostic parameters of the system, improved in comparison with the initial variants, when the trajectory is decomposed into a partial sum of Fourier series by an orthonormal Legendre basis, is presented. A method for the numerical determination of the power of such a set is proposed.
New aspects of obtaining diagnostic information from the vibration processes of the system are revealed. A structure of spaces of continuous square Riemann integrable functions ( spaces) is defined on the sets of vibrotrajectories. Since they are subspaces in the afore mentioned factor-spaces, the general methodological bases for the transformation of vibrotrajectories remain unchanged. However, the algorithmic component of the choice of diagnostic parameters becomes more specific and observable. It is demonstrated by implementing a numerical procedure for decomposing vibrotrajectories by an orthogonal trigonometric basis, which is contained in spaces. The processing of the results of experimental studies of the vibration process and the setting on this basis of a subset of diagnostic parameters in one of the control points of the system is provided.
The materials of the article are a contribution to the theory of obtaining information about the technical condition of complex systems. The applied value of the proposed development is a possibility of their use for the synthesis of algorithmic support of automated diagnostic tools.
Manipulating the epileptic brain using stimulation: a review of experimental and clinical studies
Authors: Saillet Sandrine , Langlois Mélanie , Feddersen Berend , Minotti Lorella , Vercueil Laurent , Chabardès Stephan , David Olivier , Depaulis Antoine , Deransart Colin , Kahane Philippe 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTNeurostimulation represents an interesting alternative therapy for patients resistant to drug treatment or who cannot benefit from resective surgery. Theoretically, neurostimulation allows the control of seizures to be tailored to the individual patient and specific form of epilepsy. Here, we review both experimental and clinical studies that have reported the possible control of epileptic seizures by means of different approaches using electrical stimulation (vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation). The rationale for targeting specific areas that have thus far been considered (i.e., vagus nerve, cerebellum, anterior or centromedial thalamus, basal ganglia, cortex and temporal lobe) is addressed in the light of experimental data and clinical effectiveness in different models and forms of epilepsy. The type of seizures that can be considered for neurostimulation, as well as the optimal parameters such as stimulation frequency and modes of stimulation (chronic, continuous or adaptative), are discussed to determine the best candidates for such a therapeutic strategy. This review points out the need for improved knowledge of neural circuits that generate seizures and/or allow their propagation, as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of neurostimulation.
Changes in white matter microstructure in patients with TLE and hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Knake Susanne , Salat David H. , Halgren Eric , Halko Mark A. , Greve Douglas N. , Grant P. Ellen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivePatients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS) often show ictal and interictal propagation of epileptiform EEG activity to the ipsilateral temporal neocortex, the ipsilateral frontal lobe or the contralateral hippocampus, although structural MRI only shows unilateral involvement of the hippocampal formation. We used whole‐head diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to delineate a network that facilitates propagation of interictal epileptiform and seizure activity in this patient group.MethodsIsotropic 2 mm DTI was performed at 3 Tesla in 12 patients with medically intractable left TLE due to HS and compared to 12 controls. Whole‐brain maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) were compared using a voxel based t‐test to search for regions affected in patients with HS. This preliminary analysis was complementary to a set of anatomically guided region of interest (ROI) analyses that were manually defined on each individual's FA map.ResultsLeft HS patients showed FA decreases in the temporal lobe white matter bilaterally, the ipsilateral frontal lobe white matter (WM) and in the genu and trunk of the corpus callosum. ROI analysis identified a significant FA decrease in left HS subjects in the affected hippocampus, WM of the ipsilateral parahippocampal gyrus and the genu and trunk of the corpus callosum.ConclusionWM alterations occur bilaterally in the temporal lobe and in the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus in left HS. The etiology and significance of these changes are unclear but the role of these regions in epileptogenesis and for pathways of epileptic spread should be further investigated.
Seizures in Alzheimer's disease: a retrospective study of a cohort of outpatients
Authors: Bernardi Silvia , Scaldaferri Nicola , Vanacore Nicola , Trebbastoni Alessandro , Francia Ada , D'Amico Aurelio , Prencipe Massimiliano 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of our study was to define the frequency of seizures in a population of outpatients attending a cognitive function clinic in Italy and to identify risk factors for seizures in patients with Alzheimer's disease.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed our clinical records to gather information on patients' demographic, metabolic, cardiovascular and cognitive features. We sought to determine the significance of abnormal neuroimaging findings and the use of potentially epileptogenic drugs on the onset of seizures. From the records of 583 patients referred to the clinic for cognitive disturbances, we identified 145 patients with Alzheimer's disease.ResultsOf these 145 patients, 14 (9.7%) had a history of complex partial or generalised seizures, or both. Of the risk factors identified, onset of seizures was associated with male gender and none of the patients with seizures had diabetes. The risk of seizure onset was higher in Alzheimer's disease patients with hyperlipaemia and severe dementia. No other risk factors were identified, although hypertensive patients seemed to be protected.ConclusionsSeizures in Alzheimer's disease are frequent and often under‐recognized. In elderly patients, especially those with Alzheimer's disease, correct diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent disease from worsening and disability from increasing. Patients with dementia should routinely undergo history‐taking designed to elicit a history of seizures and define patients at high risk.
Focal epileptic seizure induced by transient hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated diabetes
Authors: Lapenta Leonardo , Di Bonaventura Carlo , Fattouch Jinane , Bonini Francesca , Petrucci Simona , Gagliardi Silvia , Casciato Sara , Manfredi Mario , Prencipe Massimiliano , Giallonardo Anna Teresa 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTHypoglycaemia, common in diabetic patients treated with insulin, can induce various neurological disturbances. Of these, seizures are the most common acute symptom, mainly of the generalised tonic‐clonic type, with focal events only exceptionally being reported and documented. Hypoglycaemia can modify cortical excitability by determining an imbalance between excitation and inhibition; some brain structures, such as the temporal lobe and hippocampus, appear to be particularly susceptible to this insult. We describe a case of a 61‐year‐old diabetic patient in whom insulin‐induced transient hypoglycaemia triggered a focal seizure of temporal origin that was well documented by EEG during 24‐hour ambulatory monitoring. This is, to our knowledge, one of the few, well‐documented cases of this type of seizure.
Influence of personality on sexual quality of life in epilepsy
Authors: Mölleken Daniela , Richter‐Appelt Hertha , Stodieck Stefan , Bengner Thomas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe prospectively investigated the effect of personality on sexual quality of life (SQOL) in 49 epilepsy patients (23 women). Fifteen patients had generalised epilepsy and 34 had focal epilepsy. SQOL was determined using the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Function ‐ Self Report Inventory (DISF‐SR) and personality was studied using the NEO five‐factor inventory (NEO‐FFI). Lower extraversion and female sex were factors associated with decreased SQOL, accounting for 22% of SQOL variance. Our results suggest that particularly introverted women with epilepsy may have an elevated risk of decreased SQOL.
Corpus callosotomy with gamma knife radiosurgery for a case of intractable generalised epilepsy
Authors: Bodaghabadi Mohammad , Bitaraf Mohammad Ali , Aran Shima , Alikhani Mazdak , Ashrafian Hossein , Zahiri Alireza , Alahverdi Mahmud 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTGamma knife radiosurgery is a minimally invasive procedure which can be used for patients with intractable epilepsies as an alternative for surgical corpus callosotomy. We report a 13‐year‐old boy with intractable epilepsy who underwent radiosurgical callosotomy. The patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement after gamma knife radiosurgery and was free of seizures 10 months after the procedure. However, He developed four short focal seizures with clonic movements during the 20 months post radiosurgery. Corpus callosotomy decreased epileptiform discharges in both hemispheres, indicating a role for the callosal neurons to facilitate an asymmetric epileptogenic susceptible state within the two hemispheres such that bisynchronous and bisymmetrical epileptiform discharges develop. Our result demonstrates that this novel therapeutic approach is a safe and effective option for the treatment of intractable generalised epilepsies.
Angelman syndrome and pseudo‐hypsarrhythmia: a diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Darteyre Stephane , Mazzola Laure , Convers Philippe , Lebrun Marine , Ville Dorothée 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAngelman syndrome is a rare genetic disorder scarcely diagnosed before the age of two years. We report the case of an eight‐month‐old female presenting with severe hypotonia, myoclonus, suspected spasms and an electroencephalogram with hypsarrhythmic‐like features. She was initially treated with vigabatrin which resulted in worsening of myoclonic jerks. Fluorometric in situ hybridization revealed a chromosomal deletion at region 15q11‐13. We discuss the case and differential diagnosis with other conditions including West syndrome. [Published with video sequences]
Temporal changes in brain MRI findings in Rasmussen syndrome
Authors: Yamazaki Etsuko , Takahashi Yukitoshi , Akasaka Noriyuki , Fujiwara Tateki , Inoue Yushi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction. MRI data is essential for early diagnosis and evaluation of surgical indication in patients with Rasmussen syndrome (RS). In the present study, we examined the status and evolutionary changes in MRI lesions to identify the MRI characteristics of RS. Methods. MRI of 15 RS patients was examined regarding frequency and distribution of atrophic lesions on T1‐weighted images and high intensity lesions on FLAIR or T2‐weighted images. Results. In 13 patients, atrophic lesions were observed predominantly in the frontal lobes with various extent of involvement. High intensity lesions were also observed in 13 patients. High intensity lesions were significantly more prevalent in the cortex of patients with later onset and were present in the insula in 37.5% of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) type patients and in 57.1% of non‐EPC type. Early MRI showed various combinations of atrophic lesions or high intensity lesions in seven of nine patients who underwent MRI examinations within one year of their first seizure. Serial MRI revealed high intensity lesions with characteristic features of regression (20.0% of patients), fluctuation (regression followed by reappearance; 33.3%) and expansion (46.7%). Appearance and reappearance of high intensity lesions in the cortex and/or subcortical white matter were associated with aggravation of seizures. Bilateral high intensity lesions were observed in three patients with unilateral epileptogenic foci, who were successfully treated by surgical intervention. Conclusion. Dynamic evolutionary changes in lesions (regression, fluctuation and expansion of high intensity lesions), as observed on MRI, may be a diagnostic feature of Rasmussen syndrome.
Semiological study of ictal affective behaviour in epilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR)
Authors: Antelmi Elena , Mastrangelo Massimo , Bisulli Francesca , Spaccini Luigina , Stipa Carlotta , Mostacci Barbara , Mei Davide , Guerrini Renzo , Tinuper Paolo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTEpilepsy and mental retardation limited to females (EFMR) is a genetic disorder that affects females but spares transmitting males. The condition is caused by protocadherin 19 mutations and is characterised by seizures beginning at around 1 year of age, frequently associated with cognitive regression at seizure onset or later. Seizures can be generalised or focal, exacerbated by febrile illnesses, and grouped in clusters. This report shows the first video‐EEG recording of EFMR, in a 7‐year‐old female presenting peculiar ictal features. [Published with video sequences]
Efficacy of lacosamide on seizures and myoclonus in a patient with epilepsia partialis continua
Authors: Spalletti Maddalena , Comanducci Angela , Vagaggini Alessandro , Bucciardini Luca , Grippo Antonello , Amantini Aldo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA 39‐year‐old male with epilepsia partialis continua, refractory to first‐ and second‐line antiepileptic drugs, is described. Lacosamide produced a progressive antiepileptic effect on Jacksonian motor seizures and subsequently on positive myoclonus, which developed into negative myoclonus before complete resolution. Our report confirms the efficacy of lacosamide on focal motor refractory status epilepticus and documents a unique effect of lacosamide on seizure semiology.
Segregation of a haplotype encompassing FEB1 with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus in a Colombian family
Authors: Caro‐Gomez Maria‐Antonieta , Carrizosa Jaime , Moreno Johanna Tejada , Cabrera Dagoberto , Bedoya Gabriel , Ruiz‐Linares Andres , Franco Andres , Gomez‐Castillo Christhian , Cornejo William , Pineda‐Trujillo Nicolas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFebrile seizures and epilepsy are believed to be linked and some forms of epilepsy are associated with a history of febrile seizures (FS). Linkage analysis to seven known loci for FS and/or genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS plus) was performed in a small Colombian family. Short tandem repeat (STR) markers were genotyped and two‐point linkage analysis and haplotype reconstruction were conducted. A maximum LOD score of 0.75 at marker D8S533 for FEB1 at a recombination fraction (θ) of 0 and a segregating haplotype were identified. FEB1 was the first locus to be associated with FS and this is the second report to describe this association. Two genes in this region, CRH and DEPDC2, are good putative candidate genes that may play a role in FS and/or GEFS plus.
Cognitive outcomes of different surgical approaches in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Helmstaedter Christoph 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTEpilepsy surgery is a successful treatment option for pharmacoresistant focal symptomatic epilepsies. However, cognitive impairment is very common in epilepsy patients and may be negatively or positively affected by surgery. Amidst the long‐standing discussion of whether a particular surgical approach for temporal lobe epilepsy patients may be superior with regards to seizure control, a recent meta‐analysis indicated that this is the case for more extended resections. Larger temporal lobe resections, however, raise concerns that more unaffected and functional tissues may be involved, thus causing worse cognitive outcome. This review is based on published reports collected over a long period, with changing diagnostics and surgical methods, and focuses mainly on the experiences of one epilepsy centre. The review highlights the effects of standard versus selective surgery, the different surgical approaches in selective surgery, determinants other than surgery which may affect cognitive outcome, and the methodologically‐important question of outcome assessment and how neuropsychological test selection may bias the result. Overall, from a neuropsychological point of view, individual and selective surgery is preferred in which the aim is to achieve seizure control with minimal effect on the functional integrity of tissues or fibre tracts. Cognition is important for the functions of everyday life and this should be kept in mind, irrespective of which kind of surgery is preferred.
Clinical course of intoxication with the new anticonvulsant drug perampanel
Authors: Hoppner Anselm C. , Fauser Susanne , Kerling Frank 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPerampanel has recently been approved as an anticonvulsant drug for focal epilepsies. Phase III trials have shown good tolerability, although data regarding effects of high doses of perampanel are not available. Here, we describe the first case of a 34‐year‐old patient with perampanel intoxication and attempted suicide, in which the recommended daily dose of perampanel was exceeded ten‐fold. Clinical signs of the intoxication and possible psychotropic effects are described.
The long‐term efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in a tertiary epilepsy centre
Authors: Kang Bong Su , Moon Hye Jin , Kim Young‐Soo , Lee Soon‐Tae , Jung Keun‐Hwa , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of levetiracetam based on a large population of patients in a tertiary epilepsy centre.MethodsAll patients who received levetiracetam at the Seoul National University Hospital between January 2007 and March 2009 were evaluated. Patients who underwent brain surgery for seizure control or who had associated progressive disease were excluded from this study. The electronic medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 568 patients were recruited, including 124 patients with generalised epilepsy. The mean duration of the follow‐up period was 29.3 months. The seizure‐free rate was 33.6% and was higher in patients with generalised epilepsy (51.6%) than patients with localisation‐related epilepsy (28.6%). There was a strong correlation between initial response and dose‐up response in 351 patients with increased dosage during the follow‐up period. A total of 486 adverse events developed in 316 patients. The most common adverse event (24.3%) was irritability, which was associated with a high rate of drug discontinuation. Previous history of mood disorder was the only factor related to the development of irritability in patients using this medication.ConclusionLevetiracetam was effective and safe as monotherapy and add‐on therapy for partial and generalised epilepsy. The initial response to levetiracetam may provide useful information for predicting the response to increased dose of levetiracetam. However, the use of this medication was associated with a rate of irritability that was higher than expected in patients with a history of mood disorders.
Adult tonic‐clonic convulsive status epilepticus over the last 11 years in a resource‐poor country: a tertiary referral centre study from southern Thailand
Authors: Phabphal Kanitpong , Geater Alan , Limapichart Kitti , Sathirapanya Pornchai , Setthawatcharawanich Suwanna 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTStatus epilepticus is a common condition in patients admitted to hospital in resource‐poor countries and reports indicate that aetiology, factors of poor outcome, and treatment strategies are variable. To date, there is no report of a prospective study in Thai adults. Herein, we investigated the aetiology, clinical features, factors of predicted poor outcome, and treatment strategies in Thai adult patients who presented with convulsive status epilepticus. A total of 180 patients, whose ages ranged from 15 to 106 years, were included. Of these, 121 patients (67.2%) had acute symptomatic aetiology. The most common aetiology of status epilepticus was encephalitis (36.1%), followed by scarring of the cerebral hemisphere (15%). The median duration of status epilepticus before treatment was three hours. The rate of mortality in the study was 26.7%. Poor outcome was identified in 112 (62.2%) patients. For referral patients, all received only intravenous drugs before referral. The variables that correlated with poor outcome were aetiology and duration of status epilepticus. An approach to incorporate improved prevention of encephalitis, a more effective transportation system, and provision of the essential intravenous antiepileptic drugs would effectively increase the response to treatment.
Ictal swearing: a case series and review
Authors: Birca Veronica , Tayah Tania , Saint‐Hilaire Jean‐Marc , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSeizures can manifest with ictal swearing but few studies have investigated the localising value of this epileptic manifestation. In this case series and review of the literature, we attempted to determine whether ictal swearing could help localise the epileptic focus. We review two previously published cases and report eight additional epileptic patients with ictal swearing for whom the epileptic focus was determined based on clinical, structural, electrophysiological, and surgical outcome data. Results indicated that ictal swearing occurs more commonly in male subjects and lateralises to the non‐dominant hemisphere, but has poor localisation value, arising either from the frontal, parietal, temporal or occipital lobes in different patients. We discuss the significance of these findings. [Published with video sequences]