bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing asphaltene precipitation modeling by cubic-PR solid model using thermodynamic correlations and averaging techniques
Authors: Shoukry Aktham E. , El-Banbi Ahmed H. , Sayyouh Helmy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCubic equation-of-state solid models are one of the most widely used models to predict asphaltene precipitation behavior. Thermodynamic parameters are needed to model precipitation under different pressures and temperatures and are usually obtained through tuning with multi asphaltene onset experiments. For the purpose of enhancing the cubic Peng–Robinson solid model and reducing its dependency on asphaltene experiments, this paper tests the use of aromatics and waxes correlations to obtain these thermodynamic parameters. In addition, weighted averages between both correlations are introduced. The averaging is based on reported saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltene (SARA) fractions, and wax content. All the methods are tested on four oil samples, with previously published data, covering precipitation and onset experiments. The proposed wax-asphaltene average showed the best match with experimental data, followed by a SARA-weighted average. This new addition enhances the model predictability and agrees with the general molecular structure of asphaltene molecules.
Investigation of monthly and seasonal changes of methane gas with respect to climate change using satellite data
Authors: Javadinejad Safieh , Eslamian Saied , Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Climate change and global warming are the biggest challenges in the current century. Methane gas is one of the most important greenhouse gases which can contribute to creating warming weather (about 19%). In this research, satellite data from GOSAT and MODIS and also climatic data of precipitation, temperature and humidity are used to analyze monthly and seasonal methane changes in 2012 to 2018 in North America. The results show that the methane gas has increased during this period and it increases from 1789 to 1824 ppb. The gas has monthly fluctuation and in October and September has the maximum concentration and in March and April has the minimum value. The relationship between the methane gas and temperature and LST is positive, and the relationship between the methane gas and NDVI, precipitation and humidity is negative. This verifies that the increase in methane concentration has significant relationship with low vegetation cover and high temperature. Therefore, conservation of vegetation cover can help to reduce the methane concentration.
Wet-Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Semiconductor Nanomaterial-Based Epitaxial Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Junze , Ma Qinglang , Wu Xue-Jun , Li Liuxiao , Liu Jiawei , Zhang Hua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Semiconductor nanomaterial-based epitaxial heterostructures with precisely controlled compositions and morphologies are of great importance for various applications in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and catalysis. Until now, various kinds of epitaxial heterostructures have been constructed. In this minireview, we will first introduce the synthesis of semiconductor nanomaterial-based epitaxial heterostructures by wet-chemical methods. Various architectures based on different kinds of seeds or templates are illustrated, and their growth mechanisms are discussed in detail. Then, the applications of epitaxial heterostructures in optoelectronics, catalysis, and thermoelectrics are described. Finally, we provide some challenges and personal perspectives for the future research directions of semiconductor nanomaterial-based epitaxial heterostructures.
Data stream mining: methods and challenges for handling concept drift
Authors: Wares Scott , Isaacs John , Elyan Eyad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMining and analysing streaming data is crucial for many applications, and this area of research has gained extensive attention over the past decade. However, there are several inherent problems that continue to challenge the hardware and the state-of-the art algorithmic solutions. Examples of such problems include the unbound size, varying speed and unknown data characteristics of arriving instances from a data stream. The aim of this research is to portray key challenges faced by algorithmic solutions for stream mining, particularly focusing on the prevalent issue of concept drift. A comprehensive discussion of concept drift and its inherent data challenges in the context of stream mining is presented, as is a critical, in-depth review of relevant literature. Current issues with the evaluative procedure for concept drift detectors is also explored, highlighting problems such as a lack of established base datasets and the impact of temporal dependence on concept drift detection. By exposing gaps in the current literature, this study suggests recommendations for future research which should aid in the progression of stream mining and concept drift detection algorithms.
Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in Henan province in 2015
Authors: Cao Xiao‐Qin , Cao Ru‐Fei , Liu Shu‐Zheng , Chen Qiong , Quan Pei‐Liang , Luo Su‐Xia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveLiver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. We aimed to use the cancer registration data in 2015 to estimate the incidence and mortality of liver cancer in Henan province.MethodsThe data from 37 population‐based cancer registries in Henan province were collected for this study. The pooled data were stratified by area, sex, and age group. New cases of liver cancer and deaths due to the disease were estimated using age‐specific rates and provincial population in 2015. All incidence and death rates were age standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population, which were expressed per 100,000 populations.ResultsAfter clearance and assessment, data from 30 population‐based cancer registries (5 in urban and 25 in rural areas) were included in the analysis. All 30 cancer registries encompassed a total population of 23,421,609 (3,507,984 in urban and 19,913,625 in rural areas), accounting for 21.84% of the provincial population. The proportion of morphological verification (MV%), percentage of cancer cases identified with death certification only (DCO%), and mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (M/I) were 38.55%, 2.34%, and 0.81, respectively. Approximately 31,639 new cases of liver cancer were diagnosed and 26,057 deaths from liver cancer occurred in Henan in 2015. The crude incidence rate of liver cancer was 27.05/100,000 (36.24/100,000 in men and 17.35/100,000 in women). Age‐standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population and world standard population were 21.10/100,000 and 20.95/100,000, respectively. Liver cancer was more common in men than in women. The incidence rates in urban (26.31/100,000) and rural (27.18/100,000) areas were similar. The crude mortality rate of liver cancer was 21.98/100,000 (29.33/100,000 in males and 14.22/100,000 in females). Age‐standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and world standard population were 16.93/100,000 and 16.90/100,000, respectively. There was no distinct difference in mortality rates of liver cancer between urban (22.55/100,000) and rural (21.87/100,000) areas.ConclusionsLiver cancer has posed a heavy burden on people in Henan province. Comprehensive measures should be conducted to prevent the increase in the incidence of liver cancer.
Outcome of CBT for Problematic Hoarding in a Naturalistic Setting: Impact on Symptoms and Distress Tolerance
Authors: Rowa Karen , Cameron Duncan , Soreni Noam , LeMoult Joelle , McCabe Randi E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for problematic hoarding is an effective treatment, but further research in diverse, naturalistic settings is needed to see whether this treatment is effective across settings and in smaller doses. The current study investigated the outcome of a 12-session group CBT for hoarding offered in an outpatient hospital setting. Sixty-four participants completed therapy, and 38 participants completed posttreatment assessments. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in hoarding symptom severity, saving cognitions, and self-reported distress tolerance. Effect sizes for changes in saving cognitions were generally large. However, effect sizes were modest for most other outcome variables, and only 4 of 38 participants achieved clinically significant change in hoarding symptom severity. These results suggest that 12 sessions of group CBT for hoarding is associated with significant change in saving cognitions, but less meaningful change in other indicators of symptom severity.
« Canada First » : le nationalisme économique et les relations commerciales canado-américaines de la Confédération à l'ACEUM
Authors: Rioux X. Hubert 
Published: October 2019

RésuméCet article vise à brosser un portrait de l’évolution des politiques et des relations commerciales canado-américaines en replaçant au cœur de l'analyse la variable du « nationalisme économique ». Il s'appuie sur l'approche « nationaliste » en économie politique internationale, qui permet de comprendre tant le protectionnisme que la libéralisation et surtout, le passage de l'un à l'autre ou la combinaison des deux. Le nationalisme économique constitue une tendance lourde des relations commerciales canado-américaines, qui auront été caractérisées depuis 1867 et au-delà par une tension continuelle entre protectionnisme et libéralisation.
QUESTIONING THE RHETORIC OF BRITISH BORSTAL REFORM IN THE 1930s
Authors: TEBBUTT MELANIE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 1938, the Reverend Digby Bliss Kittermaster, who became chaplain at Rochester Borstal after retiring as a housemaster at Harrow public school, started a diary in which he recorded everyday interactions with inmates and staff. The reputation of the borstal system was at its height in the 1930s owing to Alexander Paterson's reforms, based on the structures and character-building ethos of British public schools. Young people's voices were rarely heard in this progressive discourse of borstal reform and Kittermaster is unusual for articulating them, recording what he heard, teasing out the contradictions of Paterson's reforming aspirations and the reality of humiliation and intimidation that borstal boys often experienced. Kittermaster's public school background made him well placed to question the rhetoric of the public school reform model. His complex personal perspective suggests how humane emphasis on individual potential was subverted at Rochester by coercive structures of traditional prison improvement. Kittermaster's growing frustration at his own powerlessness supports a more nuanced interpretation of how the borstal system has usually been depicted in the Paterson era of reform, especially in relation to damaging mental and emotional costs to inmates and staff, which have been largely neglected in the scholarship of borstal in the 1930s.
Distribution and function of embedded V–Neg in Norwegian: A corpus study
Authors: Ringstad Tina Louise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMainland Scandinavian displays a main clause phenomenon (MCP), where some embedded clauses allow the word order V(erb)–Neg(ation), in addition to the canonical Neg–V. Much has been written on the licensing conditions for embedded V–Neg, but formulating the exact conditions has proven difficult. This may be due to the fact that research has typically focussed on selected sets of clauses allowing this phenomenon and much of it has been based on the authors’ grammaticality judgements. Drawing conclusions about the licensing conditions for embedded V–Neg requires examining all types of environments that allow it in natural speech as well as the types of environments that disallow it. Therefore, the primary goal of this paper is to map out the full distribution of embedded V–Neg. This paper examines embedded V–Neg collected from five corpora of spontaneous Norwegian speech. The data provide information on the relative frequency of V–Neg in various constructions and identify hitherto unattested contexts for this word order. The paper shows that V–Neg is productive in adjunct clauses, a fact difficult to accommodate under accounts claiming it is licensed under selection of specific predicates. The data support a more discourse-oriented approach to embedded V–Neg.
Low‐Frequency Seismicity at Villarrica Volcano: Source Location and Seismic Velocities
Authors: Lehr Johanna , Eckel Felix , Thorwart Martin , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVillarrica Volcano (Chile) is one of the most active volcanoes in South America. Its low‐frequency (≤5 Hz) seismicity consists of a continuous tremor, overlain by impulsive transient events of higher amplitude in 60‐s intervals. This signal was recorded in March 2012 by an extensive local network, comprising 75 stations and including 6 subarrays. It allowed us to apply and compare three techniques to locate the origin of the seismicity: intersection of propagation directions determined by array analysis, mapping amplitudes, and modeling of amplitude decay. All methods yield almost identical, temporally stable, epicenters inside the summit crater, which confirms earlier attributions of the seismicity to volcanic activity inside the conduit. The discrete transients and the interevent tremor share the same source location. From the dominance of surface waves and the obvious scattering, we infer a source near the surface. For two arrays at the northern and western flank, a dispersion relation was derived, which allowed for the determination ofSwave velocity‐depth functions. At both locations, the velocity structure can be modeled by three layers with interfaces at 100 and 400m depths. The velocities (300 to 3,000 m/s) correspond to pyroclastic material at different states of consolidation. The modeling of the amplitude decay reveals a quality factor around 50.
Variable Crustal Production Originating From Mantle Source Heterogeneity Beneath the South East Indian Ridge and Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau
Authors: Sibrant A.L.R. , Maia M. , Mittelstaedt E. , Graham D.W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Amsterdam‐St. Paul (ASP) Plateau formed by interaction between the South East Indian Ridge (SEIR) and the ASP mantle plume during the last 10 Myr. The combined bathymetry and gravity‐derived crustal thickness anomalies along the present and paleoaxes of the SEIR atop the plateau indicate: (1) a thicker crust and shallower water depth along the southern part of segment I2 during much of the last 10 Myr; (2) an earlier decrease (~1.4 Ma) in crustal thickness along the southern part of I2 compared to the northern part (~0.9 Ma) during the most recent period of reduced magmatism; (3) a topographic transition at ~0.7 Ma and during the last 0.1 Myr; and (4) an approximately uniform crustal thickness (8 km) along the entire I2 segment today. These observations require spatial and temporal variations in magma production during construction of the ASP Plateau over the last 3 Myr. We propose that during periods of weaker plume magma flux, spatial variations in upper mantle temperature and composition are small, and lead to small variations in crustal thickness along‐axis. In contrast, during periods of stronger plume magma flux, spatial contrasts in upper mantle temperature and composition (fertility) are large, leading to significant variations in crustal thickness. Along‐axis variations of 3He/4He, Δ8/4Pb, K/Ti, and Na8 in “zero‐age” basalts indicate that there is a gradient in the underlying mantle material, from a “common” mantle plume component (Δ8/4Pb~60) stronger in the north to a DUPAL component (Δ8/4Pb~110) dominating in the south.
Mapping Crustal Shear Wave Velocity Structure and Radial Anisotropy Beneath West Antarctica Using Seismic Ambient Noise
Authors: O'Donnell J. P. , Brisbourne A. M. , Stuart G. W. , Dunham C. K. , Yang Y. , Nield G. A. , Whitehouse P. L. , Nyblade A. A. , Wiens D. A. , Anandakrishnan S. , Aster R. C. , Huerta A. D. , Lloyd A. J. , Wilson T. , Winberry J. P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing 8‐ to 25‐s‐period Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity dispersion data extracted from seismic ambient noise, we (i) model the 3‐D shear wave velocity structure of the West Antarctic crust and (ii) map variations in crustal radial anisotropy. Enhanced regional resolution is offered by the UK Antarctic Seismic Network. In the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), a ridge of crust ∼26–30 km thick extending south from Marie Byrd Land separates domains of more extended crust (∼22 km thick) in the Ross and Amundsen Sea Embayments, suggesting along‐strike variability in the Cenozoic evolution of the WARS. The southern margin of the WARS is defined along the southern Transantarctic Mountains and Haag‐Ellsworth Whitmore Mountains (HEW) block by a sharp crustal thickness gradient. Crust ∼35–40 km is modeled beneath the Haag Nunataks‐Ellsworth Mountains, decreasing to ∼30–32 km thick beneath the Whitmore Mountains, reflecting distinct structural domains within the composite HEW block. Our analysis suggests that the lower crust and potentially the middle crust is positively radially anisotropic (VSH>VSV) across West Antarctica. The strongest anisotropic signature is observed in the HEW block, emphasizing its unique provenance among West Antarctica's crustal units, and conceivably reflects a ∼13‐km‐thick metasedimentary succession atop Precambrian metamorphic basement. Positive radial anisotropy in the WARS crust is consistent with observations in extensional settings and likely reflects the lattice‐preferred orientation of minerals such as mica and amphibole by extensional deformation. Our observations support a contention that anisotropy may be ubiquitous in the continental crust.
Distinct Permafrost Conditions Across the Last Two Glacial Periods in Midlatitude North America
Authors: Batchelor Cameron J. , Orland Ian J. , Marcott Shaun A. , Slaughter Richard , Edwards R. Lawrence , Zhang Pu , Li Xianglei , Cheng Hai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring past glacial periods, extensive areas of North America were covered by permafrost. The timing and extent of these paleo‐permafrost conditions, however, remains ambiguous. Here we present a 250,000‐year record of speleothem growth from a midlatitude North American cave and report 141 U‐Th ages with hiatuses in growth that reflect the development of temporally continuous permafrost. Combined with U‐Th ages from other speleothem studies, we demonstrate that regional permafrost conditions occurred during both of the prior two glacial maxima but were markedly shorter in duration during the penultimate (Marine Isotope Stage 6, MIS 6) versus the last (MIS 2) glacial period. Notably, a network of sea surface temperatures indicates that mid‐ and low‐latitude temperatures were 0.9 °C ± 0.2 °C warmer during the culmination of MIS 6 versus MIS 2. Our results illustrate the importance of developing regional paleo‐permafrost records and highlight the sensitivity of permafrost conditions during glacial periods to relatively small differences in global‐scale temperature.
Effects of Model Resolution, Physics, and Coupling on Southern Hemisphere Storm Tracks in CESM1.3
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Yang Dongxia , Arblaster Julie M. , Bates Susan C. , Rosenbloom Nan , Neale Richard , Bacmeister Julio , Lauritzen Peter H. , Bryan Frank , Small Justin , Truesdale John , Hannay Cecile , Shields Christine , Strand Warren G. , Dennis John , Danabasoglu Gokhan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo high‐resolution versions of a Coupled Earth System Model (CESM1.3: 0.25° atmosphere, 1° ocean; CESM1.1: 0.25° atmosphere, 0.1° ocean) are compared to the standard resolution CESM1.1 and CESM1.3 (1° atmosphere, 1° ocean). The CESM1.3 versions are documented, and the consequences of model resolution, air‐sea coupling, and physics in the atmospheric models are studied with regard to storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere as represented by 850‐hPa eddy kinetic energy. Increasing the resolution from 1° to 0.25° in the atmosphere (same physics) coupled to the 1° ocean intensifies the strength of the storm tracks closer to observations. The 0.25° atmosphere with the older CESM1.1 physics coupled to the 0.1° ocean has fewer low clouds, warmer Southern Ocean sea surface temperatures, a weaker meridional temperature gradient, and a degraded storm track simulation compared to the 0.25° atmosphere with CESM1.3 physics coupled to the 1° ocean. Therefore, deficient physics in the atmospheric model can negate the gains attained by higher resolution in atmosphere and ocean.
Methane Hydrate Film Thickening in Porous Media
Authors: Lei Liang , Seol Yongkoo , Myshakin Evgeniy M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMethane hydrate formation accompanied by upward migration of methane in sediments was studied. Methane hydrate film forms initially along the interface between the gas and surrounding pore fluid when methane reaches the hydrate stability zone. Subsequent film thickening and related mass transfer are critical but have not been studied previously. Experimental and theoretical studies were performed to investigate the film thickening and rate‐limiting mechanisms. Initial gas density affects the stability of the growing hydrate film, and mass transfer through hydrate film is proposed as a rate‐limiting step for hydrate growth.
Laboratory Experiments on Internal Solitary Waves in Ice‐Covered Waters
Authors: Carr Magda , Sutherland Peter , Haase Andrea , Evers Karl‐Ulrich , Fer Ilker , Jensen Atle , Kalisch Henrik , Berntsen Jarle , Părău Emilian , Thiem Øyvind , Davies Peter A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternal solitary waves (ISWs) propagating in a stably stratified two‐layer fluid in which the upper boundary condition changes from open water to ice are studied for grease, level, and nilas ice. The ISW‐induced current at the surface is capable of transporting the ice in the horizontal direction. In the level ice case, the transport speed of, relatively long ice floes, nondimensionalized by the wave speed is linearly dependent on the length of the ice floe nondimensionalized by the wave length. Measures of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation under the ice are comparable to those at the wave density interface. Moreover, in cases where the ice floe protrudes into the pycnocline, interaction with the ice edge can cause the ISW to break or even be destroyed by the process. The results suggest that interaction between ISWs and sea ice may be an important mechanism for dissipation of ISW energy in the Arctic Ocean.
Toroidal Mantle Flow Induced by Slab Subduction and Rollback Beneath the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and Adjacent Areas
Authors: Liu Lin , Gao Stephen S. , Liu Kelly H. , Li Sanzhong , Tong Siyou , Kong Fansheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA total of 431 well‐defined and 632 null shear–wave splitting measurements obtained from 115 broadband seismic stations located in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and adjacent areas is largely inconsistent with predicted fast orientations by absolute plate motion models. Spatial coherency analysis of the splitting parameters suggests that the observed azimuthal anisotropy is mostly located in the upper asthenosphere or the transitional layer between the lithosphere and asthenosphere, and the disagreement between the fast orientations and regional tectonic fabrics suggests an insignificant lithospheric contribution to the observed anisotropy. The observations may be attributed to flow systems that are driven by the westward rollback of the Indian slab beneath the Indo‐Burma block and are modulated by a previously revealed gap between the northward and eastward subducting slabs of the Indian plate.