bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient privacy‐preserving authentication scheme for roaming consumer in global mobility networks
Authors: Ostad‐Sharif Arezou , Babamohammadi Abolfazl , Abbasinezhad‐Mood Dariush , Nikooghadam Morteza 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe advancements in wireless technologies have paved the way for offering seamless services to mobile consumers in global mobility networks (GLOMONETs). Nonetheless, since in these networks, the communication channels are open and public, devising proper measures to protect the security and privacy of exchanging messages is critical. Moreover, because of the energy and computational power limitations of the mobile devices, a security mechanism should put the least possible burden on these devices. To do so, plenty authentication schemes have been proposed in recent years to be employed in the context of GLOMONETs. Quite recently, four interesting authentication and key agreement schemes have been put forward, which have improved the efficiency and security of their previous related schemes. Besides the nice contributions of these four, in this paper, it is first indicated that all of them are vulnerable to the known session‐specific information attack. Then, a new chaotic map‐based authentication scheme is presented that not only is secure against the aforementioned attack but also has less computational complexity and communication overhead. The comprehensive descriptive discussion on security alongside the formal verification of security using the widely accepted ProVerif tool show that our scheme is secure against the known attacks, and the comparative performance analysis demonstrates its betterment for the constrained‐resource mobile devices.
Contextual risk factors impacting the colonization and development of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for children in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Andrews Krysta , Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEarly adversities, such as poverty, maternal stress, and malnutrition, can affect the structure and functioning of the developing brain with implications for biological systems such as the intestinal microbiota. To date, most studies examining the impact of these risk factors on the development and functioning of the intestinal microbiota have primarily been conducted in high‐income countries. However, arguably, children in low‐ and middle‐income countries may be at increased risk given cumulative biological and psychosocial adversities during their development. Accumulating evidence in low‐ and middle‐income countries has linked dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota to child health outcomes such as stunting, malnutrition, and diarrheal diseases characterized by reduced microbial diversity and elevated pathogenic bacteria, which has implications for psychosocial outcomes. This review summarizes empirical findings that highlight the association between risk factors prevalent in low‐ and middle‐income countries and the intestinal microbiota of children. Additionally, we briefly survey the current evidence regarding the effect of nutritional interventions on the microbial composition of children in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We conclude that these empirical studies have the capacity to inform future research investigating the influence of preventive interventions on biological systems by targeting the predominant risk factors faced by children in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Efficient GFP‐labeling and analysis of spermatogenic cells using the IRG transgene and flow cytometry
Authors: Zagore Leah L. , Akesson Cydni C. , Licatalosi Donny D. 
Published: January 2019

SummarySpermatogenesis is a highly ordered developmental program that produces haploid male germ cells. The study of male germ cell development in the mouse has provided unique perspectives into the molecular mechanisms that control cell development and differentiation in mammals, including tissue‐specific gene regulatory programs. An intrinsic challenge in spermatogenesis research is the heterogeneity of germ and somatic cell types present in the testis. Techniques to separate and isolate distinct mouse spermatogenic cell types have great potential to shed light on molecular mechanisms controlling mammalian cell development, while also providing new insights into cellular events important for human reproductive health. Here, we detail a versatile strategy that combines Cre‐lox technology to fluorescently label germ cells, with flow cytometry to discriminate and isolate germ cells in different stages of development for cellular and molecular analyses.
Fear of negative evaluation among eating disorders: Examining the association with weight/shape concerns in adolescence
Authors: Trompeter Nora , Bussey Kay , Hay Phillipa , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. , Mond Jonathan , Lonergan Alexandra , Pike Kathleen M. , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveFear of negative evaluation has been proposed as a transdiagnostic factor associated with the development of eating disorders and has been shown to relate to disorders of body image, especially those with weight/shape concerns such as eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia. The current study aimed to investigate whether fear of negative evaluation was a transdiagnostic factor of disorders diagnostically characterized by weight/shape concerns. The study examined whether fear of negative evaluation was associated with higher odds for meeting criteria for an eating disorder and/or muscle dysmorphia, especially those disorders diagnostically characterized by weight/shape concerns.MethodData were used from a subgroup of the first wave of the EveryBODY study, a longitudinal investigation of eating disorders and body image concerns among Australian adolescents (N = 4,030). Participants completed measures on demographics, weight/shape concerns, disordered eating, psychological distress, muscularity concerns, and fear of negative evaluation.ResultsFindings revealed that fear of negative evaluation was associated with higher odds of meeting criteria for any eating disorder but significantly more so for those characterized by weight/shape concerns diagnostically, as well as binge‐eating disorder. Similar results were found for muscle dysmorphia.DiscussionThe findings suggest that fear of negative evaluation constitutes a transdiagnostic feature for developing and/or maintaining an eating disorder.
Environmental filtering predicts plant‐community trait distribution and diversity: Kettle holes as models of meta‐community systems
Authors: Lozada‐Gobilard Sissi , Stang Susanne , Pirhofer‐Walzl Karin , Kalettka Thomas , Heinken Thilo , Schröder Boris , Eccard Jana , Joshi Jasmin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Meta‐communities of habitat islands may be essential to maintain biodiversity in anthropogenic landscapes allowing rescue effects in local habitat patches. To understand the species‐assembly mechanisms and dynamics of such ecosystems, it is important to test how local plant‐community diversity and composition is affected by spatial isolation and hence by dispersal limitation and local environmental conditions acting as filters for local species sorting.We used a system of 46 small wetlands (kettle holes)—natural small‐scale freshwater habitats rarely considered in nature conservation policies—embedded in an intensively managed agricultural matrix in northern Germany. We compared two types of kettle holes with distinct topographies (flat‐sloped, ephemeral, frequently plowed kettle holes vs. steep‐sloped, more permanent ones) and determined 254 vascular plant species within these ecosystems, as well as plant functional traits and nearest neighbor distances to other kettle holes.Differences in alpha and beta diversity between steep permanent compared with ephemeral flat kettle holes were mainly explained by species sorting and niche processes and mass effect processes in ephemeral flat kettle holes. The plant‐community composition as well as the community trait distribution in terms of life span, breeding system, dispersal ability, and longevity of seed banks significantly differed between the two habitat types. Flat ephemeral kettle holes held a higher percentage of non‐perennial plants with a more persistent seed bank, less obligate outbreeders and more species with seed dispersal abilities via animal vectors compared with steep‐sloped, more permanent kettle holes that had a higher percentage of wind‐dispersed species. In the flat kettle holes, plant‐species richness was negatively correlated with the degree of isolation, whereas no such pattern was found for the permanent kettle holes.Synthesis: Environment acts as filter shaping plant diversity (alpha and beta) and plant‐community trait distribution between steep permanent compared with ephemeral flat kettle holes supporting species sorting and niche mechanisms as expected, but we identified a mass effect in ephemeral kettle holes only. Flat ephemeral kettle holes can be regarded as meta‐ecosystems that strongly depend on seed dispersal and recruitment from a seed bank, whereas neighboring permanent kettle holes have a more stable local species diversity.
DNA barcoding of Corydalis, the most taxonomically complicated genus of Papaveraceae
Authors: Ren Feng‐Ming , Wang Ying‐Wei , Xu Zhi‐Chao , Li Ying , Xin Tian‐Yi , Zhou Jian‐Guo , Qi Yao‐Dong , Wei Xue‐Ping , Yao Hui , Song Jing‐Yuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe genus Corydalis is recognized as one of the most taxonomically challenging plant taxa. It is mainly distributed in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains, a global biodiversity hotspot. To date, no effective solution for species discrimination and taxonomic assignment in Corydalis has been developed. In this study, five nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions, ITS, ITS2, matK, rbcL, and psbA‐trnH, were preliminarily assessed based on their ability to discriminate Corydalis to eliminate inefficient regions, and the three regions showing good performance (ITS, ITS2 and matK) were then evaluated in 131 samples representing 28 species of 11 sections of four subgenera in Corydalis using three analytical methods (NJ, ML, MP tree; K2P‐distance and BLAST). The results showed that the various approaches exhibit different species identification power and that BLAST shows the best performance among the tested approaches. A comparison of different barcodes indicated that among the single barcodes, ITS (65.2%) exhibited the highest identification success rate and that the combination of ITS + matK (69.6%) provided the highest species resolution among all single barcodes and their combinations. Three Pharmacopoeia‐recorded medicinal plants and their materia medica were identified successfully based on the ITS and ITS2 regions. In the phylogenetic analysis, the sections Thalictrifoliae, Sophorocapnos, Racemosae, Aulacostigma, and Corydalis formed well‐supported separate lineages. We thus hypothesize that the five sections should be classified as an independent subgenus and that the genus should be divided into three subgenera. In this study, DNA barcoding provided relatively high species discrimination power, indicating that it can be used for species discrimination in this taxonomically complicated genus and as a potential tool for the authentication of materia medica belonging to Corydalis.
Phylogenetic analyses and characteristics of the microbiomes from five mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: lin Dan , Zhang Li , Shao Weidong , Li Xuelian , Liu Xunyue , Wu Huiming , Rao Qiong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAssociations between Sternorrhyncha insects and intracellular bacteria are common in nature. Mealybugs are destructive pests that seriously threaten the production of agriculture and forestry. Mealybugs have evolved intimate endosymbiotic relationships with bacteria, which provide them with essential amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients. In this study, the divergence of five mealybugs was analyzed based up the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI). Meanwhile, the distinct regions of the 16S rRNA gene of primary symbionts in the mealybugs were sequenced. Finally, high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques were used to study the microbial abundance and diversity in mealybugs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that these five mealybugs were subdivided into two different clusters. One cluster of mealybugs (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes, Pseudococcus comstocki, and Planococcus minor) harbored the primary endosymbiont “Candidatus Tremblaya princeps,” and another cluster (Phenacoccus solenopsis and Phenacoccus solani) harbored “Ca. Tremblaya phenacola.” The mtCOI sequence divergence between the two clusters was similar to the 16S rRNA sequence divergence between T. princeps and T. phenacola. Thus, we concluded that the symbiont phylogeny was largely concordant with the host phylogeny. The HTS showed that the microbial abundance and diversity within P. solani and P. solenopsis were highly similar, and there was lower overall species richness compared to the other mealybugs. Among the five mealybugs, we also found significant differences in Shannon diversity and observed species. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the coevolution of mealybugs and their symbiotic microorganisms. These findings are also useful for research on the effect of symbiont diversity on the pest status of mealybugs in agricultural systems.
Landscape‐scale biodiversity governance: Scenarios for reshaping spaces of governance
Authors: Leventon Julia , Schaal Tamara , Velten Sarah , Loos Jacqueline , Fischer Joern , Newig Jens 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present an alternative governance system for managing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Focusing primarily on the European Union (EU), we start with the premise that there is a need to rethink biodiversity governance to bring together land managers for collaboration and to close mismatches between levels of governance and ecological scales. We therefore create four archetypal governance scenarios that represent hypothetical extremes in two variables. The first variable is the scale of governance and differentiates between a primary focus on administrative units (e.g., country, state, and county) versus ecological scales (bioregion and landscape). The second variable is the degree of decentralization and devolution and differentiates between a top‐down, central‐state system, versus a bottom‐up, broad actor‐network system. On the basis of their considered strengths and weaknesses, we present a hybrid scenario as our proposed alternative governance system. This system brings together decision makers, land managers, and a broader range of stakeholders at a landscape scale to plan biodiversity goals and actions. This, in turn, will more closely match the biophysical conditions for effective biodiversity conservation than existing EU approaches, without overly increasing the administrative burden.
Potential negative consequences of mindfulness in the moral domain
Authors: Schindler Simon , Pfattheicher Stefan , Reinhard Marc‐André 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMindfulness is a state of paying conscious and nonjudgmental attention to present‐moment experiences. Previous research relates this state to more effective emotion regulation and less emotion reactivity. We therefore hypothesized an attenuating effect of a mindfulness exercise on moral reactions that usually results from a bad conscience when having caused harm. Across five studies, we experimentally induced mindfulness via a short breathing exercise and then assessed harm‐based moral reactions. As hypothesized, participants in the mindfulness (vs. control) exercise condition showed (i) attenuated repair intentions after having read a scenario in which participants caused harm to a friend (Study 3) and (ii) attenuated intentions to change harm‐causing eating habits (Study 4). Results of Studies 1, 2 and 5 did not provide evidence for our hypothesis. A following meta‐analysis across all five studies yielded an overall significant effect of mindfulness in the harm‐condition, providing preliminary evidence for a potential downside to mindfulness.
Looking for middle ground in cultural attraction theory
Authors: Buskell Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn their article, Thom Scott‐Phillips, Stefaan Blancke, and Christophe Heintz do a commendable job summarizing the position and misunderstandings of “cultural attraction theory” (CAT). However, they do not address a longstanding problem for the CAT framework; that while it has an encompassing theory and some well‐worked out case studies, it lacks tools for generating models or empirical hypotheses of intermediate generality. I suggest that what the authors diagnose as misunderstandings are instead superficial interpretive errors, resulting from researchers who have attempted to extract generalizable hypotheses from CAT and bring them into contact with the analytical and inferential models of contemporary cultural evolutionary research.
Effects of static pressure, pressurization, and depressurization on n‐heptane pool fires in an airplane cargo compartment
Authors: Li Cong , Yang Rui , Yao Yina , Tao Zhenxiang , Zhu Pei , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe cargo compartment of an airplane in flight is a complex environment with dynamic pressure (pressurization and depressurization), nonconservative oxygen, and unidirectional ventilation. In this study, n‐heptane pool fires were performed under static pressure, pressurization, and depressurization in a full‐scale airplane cargo compartment. The static pressure included 30 and 90 kPa, the pressurization was from 30 to 90 kPa at rates of 6, 12, 19, and 25 kPa/min, while the depressurization was from 90 to 30 kPa at rates of 6, 12, 17, and 20 kPa/min. The effects of pressure, oxygen concentration, and ventilation on pool fire characteristics including fuel mass loss rate (MLR), flame centerline temperature, and flame shape under each condition were concluded. The results show that the predominant factor of MLR was different in three conditions. The flame is divided into four regimes, in which the fuel vapor regime is used to emphasize the influence of fuel vapor on flame temperature above the fuel surface. The concept of average flame shape is put forward to reflect the flame occurrence probability. And its bottom, which named average flame root, presents the negative correlation with compartment pressure.
Sulphur and lead isotopic compositions of the Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits in the Linzizong volcanic area, Gangdese belt, Tibet: Implications for variation characteristics of ore‐forming material sources and exploration targeting
Authors: Jiang Junsheng , Gao Shunbao , Zheng Youye , Lentz David R. , Zhang Yongchao , Huang Jian , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2019

Relatively little attention has been given to variations in ore‐forming metal sources of Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits hosted in or near the Linzizong volcanic rocks from the eastern to western Gangdese belt. Based on the S and Pb isotopic data of typical Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits from the eastern to western Gangdese, the ore‐forming sources are discerned. The δ34SV‐CDT values of the typical Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits in the Gangdese metallogenic belt have a relatively large range of −11.6‰ to 6.0‰, different from those of the porphyry Cu ± Mo ± Au deposits (mainly vary from −2.0‰ to 1.0‰) in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, indicating that the sulphur in the ore‐forming fluid of Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits was dominantly of magmatic origin, but also influenced by strata nearby. The Nuocang and Beina deposits in the western Gangdese have a predominantly upper crustal source of Pb (average values: 207Pb/204Pb = 15.705, 208Pb/204Pb = 39.102), while the Narusongduo and Dexin deposits in the central Gangdese and the Leqingla and Xingaguo deposits in the eastern Gangdese are characterized by a mixed source in which Pb was derived from both the subducted slab and the ancient Lhasa basement. From the eastern to western Gangdese, Pb isotopic data show a gradually increasing scale of crustal materials from the Lhasa terrane basement. Combined with the geochemical data of the ore‐related intrusions and Linzizong volcanic rocks from the six deposits, or nearby, we proposed that the heterogeneity of Lhasa terrane crust resulted in more ancient Lhasa basement components contributing to ore‐forming sources from the eastern to western Gangdese. Moreover, relatively higher contents of Au, Ag elements could be identified in the Linzizong volcanic rocks of the western Gangdese than those of in the central and eastern Gangdese. Therefore, in addition to finding the cryptoexplosive breccia, epithermal, skarn, hydrothermal vein‐type Pb–Zn polymetallic deposits, there is exploration potential for epithermal Au–Ag deposits associated with the Linzizong volcanic rocks, western Gangdese.
Classification of schizophrenia by intersubject correlation in functional connectome
Authors: Ji Gong‐Jun , Chen Xingui , Bai Tongjian , Wang Lu , Wei Qiang , Gao Yaxiang , Tao Longxiang , He Kongliang , Li Dandan , Dong Yi , Hu Panpan , Yu Fengqiong , Zhu Chunyan , Tian Yanghua , Yu Yongqiang , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFunctional connectomes have been suggested as fingerprinting for individual identification. Accordingly, we hypothesized that subjects in the same phenotypic group have similar functional connectome features, which could help to discriminate schizophrenia (SCH) patients from healthy controls (HCs) and from depression patients. To this end, we included resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of SCH, depression patients, and HCs from three centers. We first investigated the characteristics of connectome similarity between individuals, and found higher similarity between subjects belonging to the same group (i.e., SCH–SCH) than different groups (i.e., HC–SCH). These findings suggest that the average connectome within group (termed as group‐specific functional connectome [GFC]) may help in individual classification. Consistently, significant accuracy (75–77%) and area under curve (81–86%) were found in discriminating SCH from HC or depression patients by GFC‐based leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Cross‐center classification further suggests a good generalizability of the GFC classification. We additionally included normal aging data (255 young and 242 old subjects with different scanning sequences) to show factors could be improved for better classification performance, and the findings emphasized the importance of increasing sample size but not temporal resolution during scanning. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the average functional connectome across subjects contained group‐specific biological features and may be helpful in clinical diagnosis for schizophrenia.
Malignant paraganglioma presenting as a mandibular metastasis
Authors: Stanek Joel , Vahidi Shifteh , Wilke Christopher T. , Khaja Sobia F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Bony metastases most commonly occur in the ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis. Few cases of mandibular metastases have been reported.MethodsA 75‐year‐old female presented with a 6‐month history of an enlarging mandibular mass. A biopsy was consistent with a paraganglioma.ResultsStaging workup with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated 2 hypermetabolic intra‐abdominal lesions adjacent to the inferior vena cava. These were confirmed as paraganglioma by biopsy and presumed as the primary lesions. The patient underwent left segmental mandibulectomy and neck dissection with osteocutaneous fibula free tissue reconstruction.ConclusionA rare case of malignant paraganglioma presenting as a mandibular metastasis is described. Nuclear medicine studies for paraganglioma are reviewed.