bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted ionic liquid‐based micelle extraction combined with trace‐fluorinated carbon nanotubes in dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction to determine three sesquiterpenes in roots of Curcuma wenyujin
Authors: Chu Chu , Wang Shan , Jiang Luyi , Liu Caijing , Zhang Huan , Yan Jizhong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionGermacrone, furanodiene and β‐elemene are the representative bioactive compounds in Curcuma species. The conventional extraction methods of these three sesquiterpenes are usually time‐consuming and require a large volume of hazardous organic solvents. Thus, a fast and reliable method for extracting these sesquiterpenes from Curcuma plant is required urgently.ObjectiveTo establish a novel and simple extraction method for quantitative analysis of small amounts of sesquiterpenes in C. wenyujin plant.MethodologyA method using microwave‐assisted ionic liquid‐micelle extraction combined with dispersive micro‐solid‐phase extraction (DMSPE) has been proposed for the extraction of three sesquiterpenoids in Curcuma plant. Fluorinated carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) were used as an adsorbent in DMSPE for the first time. Parameters concerning the microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) conditions and the DMSPE were investigated and evaluated to achieve optimum extraction efficiency of target analytes.ResultsThe final conditions of ionic liquid‐micelle based MAE were selected to be 0.25 M of 1‐decyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bromide as the extraction solvent, microwave irradiation for 10 min at 60°C. And the optimal DMSPE conditions were found to be 2 μg/mL of FCNTs as the adsorbent, extraction time of 2 min and 100 μL of acetonitrile as the elution solvent. The developed method exhibited good linearities (R > 0.9990), high repeatability and recoveries. The proposed method has been successfully applied in determination of sesquiterpenes in C. wenyujin samples.ConclusionThe work shows a potential in analysing small amounts of sesquiterpenes in complex samples and represents the first attempt of using FCNTs as an adsorbent for the microextraction mode.
Evaluation of Severe Myalgia Induced by Continuous‐Infusion Bumetanide in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Xiong Lianjie , Chinaeke Eric E. , Lu Kevin , Lenihan Daniel J. , Merritt Tyler E. , Cox Zachary L. 
Published: June 2019

Study ObjectivesContinuous intravenous (IV) infusion bumetanide has been associated with severe myalgia in case reports, and the package labeling lists a reported incidence of 0.2% for severe myalgia. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of bumetanide infusion–induced severe myalgia in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Secondary objectives were to assess a dose–response relationship between bumetanide infusion rate and occurrence of myalgia and to investigate potential risk factors associated with bumetanide‐induced myalgia.DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingLarge academic medical center.PatientsAdults hospitalized with AHF who required bumetanide (≥ 0.5 mg/hr [464 patients]) or furosemide (≥ 20 mg/hr [197 patients]) by continuous IV infusion between September 2015 and May 2017.Measurements and Main ResultsThe incidence of severe myalgia with IV furosemide infusion was assessed to measure confounding by indication bias. Electronic medical records were used to identify patients exposed to bumetanide 0.25‐mg/ml or furosemide 2‐mg/ml continuous IV infusions. We defined severe myalgia as a diffuse myalgia with a physician's documented suspicion of bumetanide‐ or furosemide‐induced myalgia unresponsive to electrolyte repletion and necessitating a change to alternative diuretics. The incidence of severe myalgia during bumetanide therapy was 5.8%, with the incidence increasing with higher bumetanide infusion rates: 2.6% for an infusion rate ≤ 1 mg/hour and 10.3% for a rate > 1 mg/hour (p=0.0005). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a bumetanide infusion rate > 1 mg/hour was independently associated (odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.94–12.02, p=0.0007) with severe myalgia compared to that with a rate ≤ 1 mg/hour. No patients receiving furosemide continuous IV infusion experienced severe myalgia, although infusion rates were lower in potency than bumetanide infusion rates.ConclusionThe incidence of severe myalgia in patients with AHF receiving bumetanide infusion was 5.8%, 29‐fold higher than incidence rate listed in the package labeling. Patients receiving infusion rates > 1 mg/hour were 4‐fold more likely to experience bumetanide‐induced severe myalgia than those receiving rates ≤ 1 mg/hour.
Development of multilayer films with improved aroma barrier properties for durian packaging application
Authors: Winotapun Charinee , Phattarateera Supanut , Aontee Ajcharaporn , Junsook Nantaya , Daud Witchuda , Kerddonfag Noppadon , Chinsirikul Wannee 
Published: June 2019

The symmetrical A/B/A structure of multilayer blown films was fabricated in this study. The immiscible low‐density polyethylene/polylactic acid (LDPE/PLA) blend was set as a core (B) layer and LDPE was used as skin (A) layers. The compositions of PLA in the core layer were varied from 20 to 50 wt%. The thickness of each layer was 10 μm (total film thickness of ~ 30 μm). In a blown film co‐extrusion process, the morphology of the fiber/ribbon‐like structures of LDPE/PLA blend was developed. Such structures had interesting effects on gas permeability and aroma barrier properties of the films. For instance, multilayer LDPE films containing 40 and 50 wt% PLA (P40 and P50) showed the reduction of oxygen permeability (PO2) approximately 20% and 43%, respectively, compared with the neat LDPE film. A long tortuous path for gas and aroma transportation through film thickness was created from the developed ribbon‐like structures of the PLA minor phase. For durian packaging application, fresh‐cut durian of 300 g was packed in the developed multilayer films, LDPE, and HDPE (Control), stored at 4°C for 7 days. Results demonstrated that the steady‐state condition of 10% to 13% O2 and 8% to 10% CO2 was achieved in all packages except in the HDPE. Moreover, the P40 and P50 films exhibited an outstanding aroma barrier property for three major durian volatiles: diethyl sulfide, ethyl propanoate, and 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol. Overall results clearly indicated that the multilayer LDPE films containing PLA exhibited a significantly improved aroma barrier performance with optimum gas permeability desirable for modified atmosphere packaging to retain quality of fresh‐cut durian throughout the storage period.
H∞ stabilization for networked semi‐Markovian jump systems with randomly occurring uncertainties via improved dynamic event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Wu Xihui , Mu Xiaowu 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper aims to solve the H∞ stabilization problem for networked semi‐Markovian jump systems subject to randomly occurring uncertainties by an improved event‐triggered technique. A new measurement error that is defined as the difference value between the latest transmitted data and the mean value of both current data and latest transmitted data is introduced into the event‐triggered condition. Compared with traditional dynamic event‐triggered scheme, more unexpected data could be avoided to be transmitted, which is demonstrated in the simulation through sufficient comparison experiments. Furthermore, by employing a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method and a free‐weighting matrix method, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the stabilization of the closed‐loop semi‐Markovian jump time‐delay system with uncertainties and a prescribed performance index. Then, a codesign method for H∞ controller gains and event‐triggered parameters is presented. Finally, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of our improved dynamic event‐triggered scheme.
High‐Density Sb2Te3 Nanopillars Arrays by Templated, Bottom‐Up MOCVD Growth
Authors: Cecchini Raimondo , Gajjela Raja S. R. , Martella Christian , Wiemer Claudia , Lamperti Alessio , Nasi Lucia , Lazzarini Laura , Nobili Luca G. , Longo Massimo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSb2Te3 exhibits several technologically relevant properties, such as high thermoelectric efficiency, topological insulator character, and phase change memory behavior. Improved performances are observed and novel effects are predicted for this and other chalcogenide alloys when synthetized in the form of high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures. The ability to grow chalcogenide nanowires and nanopillars (NPs) with high crystal quality in a controlled fashion, in terms of their size and position, can boost the realization of novel thermoelectric, spintronic, and memory devices. Here, it is shown that highly dense arrays of ultrascaled Sb2Te3 NPs can be grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on patterned substrates. In particular, crystalline Sb2Te3 NPs with a diameter of 20 nm and a height of 200 nm are obtained in Au‐functionalized, anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with a pore density of ≈5 × 1010 cm−2. Also, MOCVD growth of Sb2Te3 can be followed either by mechanical polishing and chemical etching to produce Sb2Te3 NPs arrays with planar surfaces or by chemical dissolution of the AAO templates to obtain freestanding Sb2Te3 NPs forests. The illustrated growth method can be further scaled to smaller pore sizes and employed for other MOCVD‐grown chalcogenide alloys and patterned substrates.
Surveillance in the Name of Governance: Aadhaar as a Fix for Leaking Systems in India
Authors: Henne Kathryn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany jurisdictions are employing biometric technologies to collect data about and verify the identities of social assistance recipients, with fraud prevention and cost savings serving as common justifications for doing so. This chapter explores the practices of building the infrastructure to monitor welfare beneficiaries, many of whom are vulnerable or marginalised populations. To do so, the chapter examines the Aadhaar system in India, which has issued over one billion unique identification numbers since being launched in 2010. The analysis illustrates a one-way expectation of knowledge and transparency (i.e., for citizens to disclose in order to access services), drawing attention to how nationalist agendas and forms of inequality inform who is subject to the state’s terms and conditions. In doing so, it considers how these forms of surveillance evince broader shifts in which state and non-state actors rely on knowledge to regulate subjects.
Taking Knowledge Seriously: Towards an International Political Economy Theory of Knowledge Governance
Authors: Haggart Blayne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe treatment of knowledge—most notably commodified knowledge—as a source and vector of power is a key blind spot in our understanding of the global political economy. This chapter offers a theoretical framework, based on the work of Susan Strange, for considering the relationship between what she called the “knowledge structure” and the other key sources of political and economic power—security, production, and finance. This framework is applied to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (now the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (concluded in September 2018), demonstrating how a direct focus on knowledge governance reveals power relations and economic effects that are otherwise obscured.
Inferring the covariant Θ-exact noncommutative coupling in the top quark pair production at linear colliders
Authors: Selvaganapathy J. , Konar Partha , Das Prasanta Kumar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel non-minimal interaction of neutral right-handed fermion and abelian gauge field in the covariant Θ-exact noncommutative standard model (NCSM) which is invariant under Very Special Relativity (VSR) Lorentz subgroup, opens an avenue to study the top quark pair production at linear colliders. Here the non-minimal coupling is denoted asκand the noncommutative (NC) scale Λ. In this work, we consider two types of analysis, one is without considering helicity basis technique and another, considering helicity of the initial and final state particles. Further, the realistic electron and positron beam polarization are taken into account to measure the NC parameters. In the first case, whenκis positive and certain values of Λ, we found that a specific threshold value of machine energy (optimal energy in the units of GeV)$$ \sqrt{s_0}\left(\simeq 2.52\ \varLambda +39\right) $$s0≃2.52Λ+39may be quite useful to look for the signature of the spacetime noncommutativity with unpolarized beam. The statisticalχ2analysis of the azimuthal anisotropy which is due to broken rotational invariance about the beam axis, is quite possible whenκtakes negative value 0> κ >−0.596 which persuade a lower limit on NC scale Λ (1.0 to 2.4 TeV) atκmax= −0.296 with 95% C.L according to luminosity ranging from 100 fb−1to 1000 fb−1at machine energy$$ \sqrt{s}=1.4 $$s=1.4TeV and 3.0 TeV. In another case, we perform detailed analysis for the polarized and unpolarized electron-positron beam to probe spacetime noncommutativity in light of following observables like azimuthal anisotropy, helicity correlation, and top quark helicity left-right asymmetry. The polarization of the initial beam {Pe−, Pe+ } = {−0.8,0.3}({−0.8,0.6}) enhances the ranges of lower limit on Λ, i.e. 1.13 to 2.80 TeV atκmaxalongside theκmaxenhanced into −0.5445 (−0.607) 95%C.L accord with luminosity and machine energy. Finally, we studied the intriguing mixing of the UV and the IR by invoking a specific structure of noncommutative anti-symmetric tensor Θμνwhich is invariant under translationalT(2) VSR Lorentz subgroup.
Brazing in SiH4-Doped Inert Gases: A New Approach to an Environment Friendly Production Process
Authors: Holländer Ulrich , Wulff Daniel , Langohr André , Möhwald Kai , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Engineering under protective atmospheres or in vacuum allows the production of materials and components, where the absence of oxygen is an essential requirement for a successful processing. Ideally, joining or coating of (and with) metallic materials needs oxide free material surfaces, in order to achieve durable joints or coatings. Using the established technology of brazing in controlled atmosphere, fundamental physical mechanisms for deoxidation of metal surfaces are presented and the role of oxygen and water residue in the process atmosphere is analyzed. Furthermore, the doping of gases with monosilane for generating virtually oxygen-free process atmospheres is introduced and its advantages for an oxygen-free production are discussed.
The multi-vehicle stochastic-dynamic inventory routing problem for bike sharing systems
Authors: Brinkmann Jan , Ulmer Marlin W. , Mattfeld Dirk C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe address the operational management of station-based bike sharing systems (BSSs). In BSSs, users can spontaneously rent and return bikes at any stations in the system. Demand is driven by commuter, shopping, and leisure activities. This demand constitutes a regular pattern of bike usage over the course of the day but also shows a significant short-term uncertainty. Due to the heterogeneity and the uncertainty in demand, stations may run out of bikes or congest during the day. At empty stations, no rental demand can be served. At full stations, no return demand can be served. To avoid unsatisfied demand, providers dynamically relocate bikes between stations in reaction of current shortages or congestion, but also in anticipation of potential future demand. For this real-time decision problem, we present a method that anticipates potential future demands based on historical observations and that coordinates the fleet of vehicles accordingly. We apply our method for two case studies based on real-world data of the BSSs in Minneapolis and San Francisco. We show that our policy outperforms benchmark policies from the literature. Moreover, we analyze how the interplay between anticipation and coordination is essential for the successful operational management of BSSs. Finally, we reveal that the value of coordination and anticipation based on the demand-structure of the BSS under consideration.
Computational comparison of conventional and novel electroconvulsive therapy electrode placements for the treatment of depression
Authors: Bai Siwei , Martin Donel , Guo Tianruo , Dokos Socrates , Loo Colleen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. Despite its high efficacy, the use of ECT would be greater if the risk of cognitive side effects were reduced. Over the last 20 years, developments in ECT technique, including improvements in the dosing methodology and modification of the stimulus waveform, have allowed for improved treatment methods with reduced adverse cognitive effects. There is increasing evidence that the electrode placement is important for orienting the electrical stimulus and therefore modifying treatment outcomes, with potential for further improvement of the placements currently used in ECT.Objective:We used computational modelling to perform an in-depth examination into regional differences in brain excitation by the ECT stimulus for several lesser known and novel electrode placements, in order to investigate the potential for an electrode placement that may optimise clinical outcomes.Methods:High resolution finite element human head models were generated from MRI scans of three subjects. The models were used to compare regional differences in average electric field (EF) magnitude among a total of thirteen bipolar ECT electrode placements, i.e. three conventional placements as well as ten lesser known and novel placements.Results and conclusion:In this exploratory study on a systemic comparison of thirteen ECT electrode placements, the EF magnitude at regions of interest (ROIs) was highly dependent upon the position of both electrodes, especially the ROIs close to the cortical surface. Compared to conventional right-unilateral (RUL) ECT using a temporo-parietal placement, fronto-parietal and supraorbito-parietal RUL also robustly stimulated brain regions considered important for efficacy, while sparing regions related to cognitive functions, and may be a preferrable approach to the currently used placement for RUL ECT. The simulations also found that regional average EF magnitude varied between individual subjects, due to factors such as head size, and results also depended on the size of the defined ROI.
A new perspective for advanced positron emission tomography–based molecular imaging in neurodegenerative proteinopathies
Authors: Perani Daniela , Iaccarino Leonardo , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Windhorst Albert D. , Edison Paul , Boellaard Ronald , Hansson Oskar , Nordberg Agneta , Jacobs Andreas H. ,   IMBI Project
Published: June 2019

Recent studies in neurodegenerative conditions have increasingly highlighted that the same neuropathology can trigger different clinical phenotypes or, vice‐versa, that similar phenotypes can be triggered by different neuropathologies. This evidence has called for the adoption of a pathology spectrum‐based approach to study neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These conditions share brain deposition of abnormal protein aggregates, leading to aberrant biochemical, metabolic, functional, and structural changes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a well‐recognized and unique tool for the in vivo assessment of brain neuropathology, and novel PET techniques are emerging for the study of specific protein species. Today, key applications of PET range from early research and clinical diagnostic tools to their use in clinical trials for both participants screening and outcome evaluation. This position article critically reviews the role of distinct PET molecular tracers for different neurodegenerative proteinopathies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities, with special emphasis on methodological challenges and future applications.
An airframe/inlet integrated full-waverider vehicle design using as upgraded aerodynamic method
Authors: Ding F. , Liu J. , Huang W. , Peng C. , Chen S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWith the aims of overcoming the limitations of the existing basic flow model derived from an axisymmetric generating body and extending the aerodynamic design method of the airframe/inlet integrated waverider vehicle, this study develops an upgraded basic flow model derived from an axisymmetric shock wave. It then upgrades the design method for airframe/inlet integration of an air-breathing hypersonic waverider vehicle, which is termed the ‘full-waverider vehicle’ in this study. In this paper, first, the design principle and method for the upgraded full-waverider vehicle derived from an axisymmetric basic shock wave are described in detail. Second, an upgraded basic flow model that accounts for both internal and external flows is derived from an axisymmetric basic shock wave by use of both the streamline tracing method and the method of characteristics (MOC). Third, the upgraded full-waverider vehicle is developed from the upgraded basic flow model by the streamline tracing method. Fourth, the design theories and methodologies of both the upgraded basic flow model and the upgraded full-waverider vehicle are validated by a numerical computation method. Finally, the aerodynamic performances and viscous effects of both the upgraded basic flow model and the upgraded full-waverider vehicle are analysed by numerical computation. The obtained results show that the upgraded basic flow model and aerodynamic design method are effective for the design of the airframe/inlet integration of an air-breathing hypersonic waverider vehicle.
Reality checks for career women: An interpretevist paradigm
Authors: Anthony Mary , Soontiens Werner 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper reflects on the latent organisational process that leads tothe scarcity of women in senior positions. Utilising characteristics of legitimisation, institutionalisation and self-determination theories the paper observes how women manage upward mobility. Subsequently, it was important to investigate the mid-level cohorts, as there lies the critical question triggering the anomaly. Focusing on the public sector with an interest in gendered organisations, the study examines law enforcement. Conversely, the aim of this paper is to focus on why there is a continued dearth in the number of policewomen at top level positions in USA and Australia. A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach is applied. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with 40 policewomen in mid-management positions in American and Australian law enforcement. It further aims to explore the linkages of the ongoing paucity of gendered leadership in organisations, questioning how these will influence women's ability to advance to higher-level positions.