bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of magnetic field inhomogeneity effects for fast quantitative susceptibility mapping
Authors: Ngo Giang‐Chau , Bilgic Berkin , Gagoski Borjan A. , Sutton Bradley P. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeQuantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides information about tissue composition and organization. However, current acquisition methods can be quite time consuming, limiting the use of QSM in studies and in monitoring dynamic events. In this work, time efficient spiral acquisitions are combined with a model‐based image reconstruction approach. Magnetic field inhomogeneity artifacts are corrected to obtain full brain susceptibility maps.MethodsMagnetic field maps, capturing the magnetic field inhomogeneity distribution due to non‐tissue sources (background field), were estimated from a calibration scan. Tissue phase information present in the background field maps was identified using variable spherical mean value filtering and removed from the estimated field maps. The resulting background field maps were then used in the image reconstruction to correct the magnetic field inhomogeneity artifacts. Images were acquired on a 3 T system with a 3D spiral‐in acquisition based on a rotated stack of spirals. For comparison, standard gradient echo images were also acquired. Susceptibility maps were obtained for both acquisitions using a dipole inversion algorithm based on a compressed sensing compensated formulation with wavelet and total variation penalties.ResultsSusceptibility maps obtained with the spiral acquisition and the model‐based reconstruction agree with the ones obtained with the spin‐warp gradient echo acquisition. Using the 3D spiral acquisition, full brain susceptibility maps at the resolution of 1 mm isotropic are obtained in 23 sConclusionsImage distortions and blurring due to magnetic field inhomogeneity are removed while maintaining tissue magnetic susceptibility information, resulting in QSM maps in much shorter acquisition time.
3D reconstruction of MR‐visible Fe3O4‐mesh implants: Pelvic mesh measurement techniques and preliminary findings
Authors: Brocker Kerstin A. , Mokry Theresa , Alt Céline D. , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Lenz Florian , Sohn Christof , DeLancey John O. , Chen Luyun 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo develop MR‐based measurement technique to evaluate the postoperative dimension and location of implanted magnetic resonance (MR)‐visible meshes.MethodsThis technique development study reports findings of six patients (A‐F) with cystoceles treated with anterior vaginal MR‐visible Fe3O4‐polypropylene implants. Implanted meshes were reconstructed from 3 months and/or 1 year postsurgical MR‐images using 3D Slicer®. Measurements including mesh length, distance to the ischial spines, pudendal, and obturator neurovascular bundles and urethra were obtained using software Rhino® and a custom Matlab® program. The range of implanted mesh length and their placements were reported and compared with mesh design and implantation recommendations. With the anterior/posterior‐mesh‐segment‐ratio mesh shrinkage localization was evaluated.ResultsExaminations were possible for patients A‐D 3 months and for A, C, E, and F 1 year postsurgical. The mesh was at least 40% shorter in all patients 3 months and/or 1 year postoperatively. A, B showed shrinkage in the anterior segment, D, E in the posterior segment (Patients C, F not applicable due to intraoperative mesh trimming). Patient E presented pain in the area of mesh shrinkage. In Patient C posterior mesh fixations were placed in the iliococcygeal muscle rather than sacrospinous ligaments. Arm placement less than 20 mm from the pudendal neurovascular bundles was seen in all cases. The portion of the urethra having mesh underneath it ranged from 19% to 55%.ConclusionsMRI‐based measurement techniques have been developed to quantify implanted mesh location and dimension. Mesh placement variations possibly correlating with postoperative complications can be illustrated.
Poly(styrene/pentafluorostyrene)‐block‐poly(vinyl alcohol/vinylpyrrolidone) amphiphilic block copolymers for kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors: Synthesis, micellization behavior, and methane hydrate kinetic inhibition
Authors: Rajput Faraz , Colantuoni Antonio , Bayahya Salim , Dhane Riadh , Servio Phillip , Maric Milan 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic block copolymers of short poly(styrene) (PS) or poly(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene) (PPFS) segments with comparatively longer poly(vinyl acetate) or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) segments are synthesized using a 2‐cyanopropan‐2‐yl N‐methyl‐N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)dithiocarbamate switchable reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent toward application as kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors (KHIs). Polymerization conditions are optimized to provide water‐soluble block copolymers by first polymerizing more activated monomers such as S and PFS to form a defined macro chain‐transfer agent (linear degree of polymerization with conversion, comparatively low dispersity) followed by chain extensions with less activated monomers VAc or VP by switching to the deprotonated form of the RAFT agent. The critical micelle concentrations of these amphiphilic block copolymers (after VAc unit hydrolysis to vinyl alcohol units) are measured using zeta surface potential measurements to estimate physical behavior once mixed with the hydrates. A PS‐poly(vinyl alcohol) block copolymer improved inhibition to 49% compared to the pure methane–water system with no KHIs. This inhibition was further reduced by 27% by substituting the PS with a more hydrophobic PPFS. A block copolymer of PS–PVP exhibited 20% greater inhibition than the PVP homopolymer and substituting PS with a more hydrophobic PPFS resulted in a 35% further decreased in methane KHI. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2445–2457, 56, 2445–2457
Micro‐unmanned aerial vehicle‐based volcano observation system for debris flow evacuation warning
Authors: Nagatani Keiji , Kiribayashi Seiga , Yajima Ryosuke , Hada Yasushi , Izu Tomoaki , Zeniya Akira , Kanai Hiromichi , Kanasaki Hiroyuki , Minagawa Jun , Moriyama Yuji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen a volcano erupts, molten rocks, ash, pyroclastic flow, and debris flow can cause disasters. Debris flow is responsible for enormous damage across large areas. This makes debris flow simulations a crucial means of determining whether to issue an evacuation warning for area residents. For safety purposes, restricted areas are designated around volcanos during eruptions, making it difficult to gather information (such as the amount and permeability of ash) required for precise debris flow simulations. An unmanned observation system, intended for use in such restricted areas, was developed to address this issue. The proposed system is based on a multirotor micro‐unmanned aerial vehicle (MUAV) that transports cameras, small devices to measure target environments, and a small robot to active volcanic areas. Several field tests were performed around active volcanoes for validation and system improvement. This study investigates five unmanned systems with field tests. The first one is an autonomous flight to collect three‐dimensional (3D) terrain information. The MUAV conducted the long flight at Mt. Unzen‐Fugen and evaluated the accuracy and calculation time of the developed 3D terrain model. The second one is a drop‐down‐type ash‐depth measurement scale. The scales were deployed at Mt. Unzen‐Fugen and confirmed its function. The third system is a soil‐sampling device to estimate permeability. The device is hung from the MUAV by a long tether and collects soil and gravels directly with two rollers, while the MUAV is hovering. Indoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the device, and field experiments were conducted to confirm the validation of the system in different volcanic environments. The fourth system is an unmanned surface flow measurement device to estimate permeability. The device carries a water balloon and breaks it when it lands on the ground. By observing water flow with mounted cameras, qualitative permeability can be estimated. Initial experiments were conducted at Mt. Unzen‐Fugen to confirm its function. The fifth system is a small ground vehicle with a rainfall sensor deployed by an MUAV. The MUAV carries a capturing net suspended from it and delivers and retrieves the ground vehicle, while it is hovering. Field experiments were conducted at Mt. Asama and Mt. Unzen‐Fugen to validate the function of the system. Data obtained by these systems can contribute to the improvement of debris flow simulations developed in the project. In this paper, the above systems and experiments to evaluate them are introduced, and debris flow simulation results are demonstrated to prove the effectiveness of the data obtained by the proposed systems. Each field‐test section includes a discussion of the lessons learned.
Synthetic mRNAs Drive Highly Efficient iPS Cell Differentiation to Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Xue Yingchao , Zhan Xiping , Sun Shisheng , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Xia Shuli , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. , Laterra John , Zhang Jianmin , Ying Mingyao 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Proneural transcription factors (TFs) drive highly efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to lineage-specific neurons. However, current strategies mainly rely on genome-integrating viruses. Here, we used synthetic mRNAs coding two proneural TFs (Atoh1 and Ngn2) to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. mRNAs coding Atoh1 and Ngn2 with defined phosphosite modifications led to higher and more stable protein expression, and induced more efficient neuron conversion, as compared to mRNAs coding wild-type proteins. Using these two modified mRNAs with morphogens, we established a 5-day protocol that can rapidly generate mDA neurons with &gt;90% purity from normal and Parkinson’s disease iPSCs. After in vitro maturation, these mRNA-induced mDA (miDA) neurons recapitulate key biochemical and electrophysiological features of primary mDA neurons and can provide high-content neuron cultures for drug discovery. Proteomic analysis of Atoh1-binding proteins identified the nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) complex as a new binding partner of nuclear Atoh1. The NM-II complex, commonly known as an ATP-dependent molecular motor, binds more strongly to phosphosite-modified Atoh1 than the wild type. Blebbistatin, an NM-II complex antagonist, and bradykinin, an NM-II complex agonist, inhibited and promoted, respectively, the transcriptional activity of Atoh1 and the efficiency of miDA neuron generation. These findings established the first mRNA-driven strategy for efficient iPSC differentiation to mDA neurons. We further identified the NM-II complex as a positive modulator of Atoh1-driven neuron differentiation. The methodology described here will facilitate the development of mRNA-driven differentiation strategies for generating iPSC-derived progenies widely applicable to disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:112&12
Enhancing the Optical Behavior of Glass Surface by Creation of Microstructures in Single‐Step Hydrothermal Wet Etching
Authors: Duraisamy Sivagami , Priyadarshini B. Geetha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent progress in third generation solar cells has lead to significant improvement in device efficiency at laboratory conditions. Glass as a substrate plays a major role in superstrate configuration where maximum light is directed towards active layer which increases photo‐carrier generation. In this work, we focus on improving the glass transmittance by creating microstructures using simple, low cost and environmental friendly technique of hydrothermal wet etching. The glass etching was performed by ultrapure water as etchant. The influence of etching parameters viz., temperature (90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 °C) and time (1, 5, 10 and 15 hrs) on optical transmittance, microstructure, and surface roughness has been systematically studied. At optimal etching conditions, an increase in transmittance up to 93.5% in the range of 375–820 nm was observed in comparison to un‐etched glass. Preferential leaching of Na+ is found to be more pronounced phenomena at optimal condition leading to improvement in optical transmittance which is explained by glass‐water interaction. Based on the proposed mechanism, hydrothermal etching of glass with water enhances the light trapping in broad wavelength and can be used as cover glass in superstrate solar cells comprised of tunable band gaps. The silicon solar cell covered with optimized etched glass showed a relative increase of ∼2.2% in power conversion efficiency as compared to a solar cell covered with an un‐etched glass.
Ni Prussian Blue Analogue/Mesoporous Carbon Composite as Electrode Material for Aqueous K‐Ion Energy Storage: Effect of Carbon‐Framework Interaction on Its Electrochemical Behavior
Authors: Vázquez‐Samperio Juvencio , Sánchez‐Padilla N. M. , Acevedo‐Peña Próspero , Cano Arely , Nava Noel , Morales‐Acosta D. , Oliver‐Tolentino Miguel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates the interaction of mesoporous carbon (MC) and nitrogen doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) with Nickel prussian blue analogues (Ni‐PBA) and its effect on electrochemical properties and energy storage. The Raman, IR, Mossbauer and XPS results reveal that MC‐NiPBA composite exhibited a large modification to covalent character of carbon and an increase in defects of carbonaceous material. This latter is associated with the oxidation of carbon sites and reduction of iron in hexacyanoferrate during composite synthesis, which increase the charge subtraction in Fe (Low Spin) through CN ligand, due to sp‐d hybridization between nickel and carbon structure. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization showed that the interaction between MC and NiPBA decreases the paste resistance and improves the chemical capacitance of the material, whereas, the apparent diffusion coefficient for K‐ion in Ni‐PBA is not affected by the presence of mesoporous carbon. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic characterization confirm the enhancement of MC‐NiPBA capacitance during charge/discharge process due to their synergetic interaction. However, the donor/acceptor characteristics of nitrogen modify the orbital hybridization in doped carbon, inhibiting the carbon‐framework interaction.
Synthesis of Cu‐BTC Metal‐Organic Framework by Ultrasonic Wave‐Assisted Ball Milling with Enhanced Congo Red Removal Property
Authors: Luo Yun , Chen Ding , Wei Fuhua , Liang Zhao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCu‐BTC (BTC=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) metal‐organic framework (MOF) with truncated octahedral morphology was synthesized by ultrasonic wave‐assisted ball milling at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters such as synthetic method, reaction time and raw material molar ratio (H3BTC: Cu2+) were studied to tune the growth of Cu‐BTC crystals. Adsorption of Congo red (CR) on Cu‐BTC was studied in respect of adsorption kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model were matched well with the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 884.96 mg/g, attributed to the interfacial effect in (100) facets. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process, and entropy effect was the driving force for adsorption process.
A Highly Sensitive Determination of Parathion Pesticide by Solid‐Phase Extraction on a Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles Modified Electrode
Authors: Bakytkarim Yrysgul , Tursynbolat Satar , Zeng Qiang , Huang Jianzhi , Wang Lishi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work reports a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the direct detection of pesticides. An electrode modification of silicon carbide nanoparticles has the function of pesticide pre‐concentration by solid‐phase extraction, thus improving the detection sensitivity and simplifying the process of operations. Electrochemical detection of parathion was investigated via cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the anodic peak currents of parathion by SWV are proportional to the concentrations of parathion in the linearity of Ip (μA)= 0.00325 C (ng/ml) + 0.2162 (R2=0.9985) ranging from 1×10−9 to 1×10−5 ng/ml with a detection limit of 5×10−10 ng/ml (S/N=3). The sensor also exhibits good reproducibility and stability, and has been successfully used for the determination of parathion in real water samples with the recoveries between 99.8% and 101.2%.
Mechanochemical‐ (Hand‐Grinding‐) Assisted Domino Synthesis of Fused Pyran‐Spirooxindoles under Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Condition
Authors: Hussen Abdulkadir Shube , Pandey Amar Prakash , Sharma Anuj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn efficient and green strategy is developed to synthesize 2‐amino‐2‐oxospiro [indoline‐3, 4′‐pyran]‐3′‐carbonitriles. The method encompasses a domino multicomponent reaction using isatin or acetanaphthelenequinone, malononitrile or ethylcyanoacetate and enolizable 1, 3‐dicarbonyl compounds without any promoter and catalyst in one pot through hand grinding in excellent yields within minutes.
Development of Hierarchical Porous MOF‐Based Catalyst of UiO‐66(Hf) and Its Application for 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Production from Cellulose
Authors: Zhao Jiaojiao , Zhang Yunlei , Wang Kai , Yan Changhao , Da Zulin , Li Chunxiang , Yan Yongsheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to its widely green and sustainable properties, cellulose is identified as a green and sustainable alternative for the preparation of valuable biofuels and chemicals. In this study, Poly‐Pickering HIPEs (PHs) was synthesized as the precursor by using Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) as templates and PHs‐SO3H was prepared after sulfonation treatment. We chemically grafted UiO‐66(Hf)‐type MOFs onto PHs‐SO3H in order to synthesize a novel catalyst for the transformation of cellulose into 5‐HMF, which made clear that HMF yield was improved in the presence of the catalyst. What's more, the 5‐HMF yield of 49.6% was obtained under the optimal conditions of 50 mg cellulose, 30 mg catalyst, 60 min of reaction time and 120 °C of reaction temperature. The catalyst is recyclable four cycles without crucial loss of catalytic activity.
One‐step Modification of Active Sites and Support in Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin‐derived Diphenyl Ether
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Chen Xiao , Lafaye Gwendoline , Especel Catherine , Epron Florence , Liang Changhai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA bifunctional Ni2Si/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by one‐step chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and used for hydrode‐oxygenation (HDO) of diphenyl ether (DPE). During the one‐step CVD process, metallic Ni species as the HDO active sites were isolated by intermetallic modification of Si atoms and partial electron transferred from Ni to Si, as inferred by XRD, XPS, and theoretical calculation. Furthermore, the characterization results revealed that the acidity and structure of Al2O3 were tuned due to the formation of Al‐O−Si bonds. Consequently, compared with Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, the Ni2Si/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst showed a higher benzene selectivity (60% vs 47%), O‐free products selectivity at the similar conversion of DPE, and high stability for the HDO of DPE. This work provides insight for design of bifunctional catalysts with specific catalytic properties by one‐step CVD method.
In‐situ Glycine Sensor Development Based ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Alam M. M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Uddin M. T. , Islam M. A. , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInitially, low‐dimensional ternary nanoparticles of ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 were synthesized using reliable solvothermal process and successfully implemented to fabricate enzyme‐less selective glycine (Gly) sensor. The calibration curve was plotted from the linear relation of current versus concentration of glycine. By using the slope of resultant calibration curve, the sensitivity (2.09*102 μAμM−1cm−2) of Gly sensor was estimated by considering the active surface area of fabricated sensor probe. The proposed enzyme‐free Gly biosensor was found linear over large concentration range of 0.1 nM ∼ 1.0 μM, known as linear dynamic range (LDR). The detection limit (82.25±4.11 pM) was calculated at signal to noise ratio of 3 from the calibration curve. The proposed enzyme‐less Gly sensor was exhibited good reproducibility, long‐term stability and efficiency to detect Gly in real biological samples by electrochemical approach. Thus, this novel research methodology might be a good technique for the development of enzyme‐less sensor using ternary metal oxide nanoparticles onto GCE for the biomedical applications.
Biphenyl 3‐ and 4‐ mono and 4, 4′‐dicarbaldehyde as Electrophiles and Unusual Michael Acceptors in the Baylis‐Hillman Reaction: Synthesis of Functionalized Biphenyl Derivatives
Authors: Athira Mohanakumaran , Meerakrishna Ramakrishnan Suseela , Shanmugam Ponnusamy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) reaction of biphenyl 3‐ and 4‐ mono aldehydes and 4, 4′‐dicarbaldehyde as electrophiles and a number of unexplored activated alkenes afforded highly functionalized biphenyl derivatives in excellent yield. Synthetic transformations of mono and bis MBH adducts thus obtained have been demonstrated by isomerization of MBH adducts with different nucleophiles, Friedel‐Crafts arylation reaction of bromo isomerized biphenyl adducts, Eglinton coupling of biphenyl propargyl MBH adduct derivative and [3+2]‐ azomethine ylide cycloaddition of methyl acrylate derived biphenyl aldehydes afforded highly functionalized arylated and heterocyclic derivatives in very good yield.
Co‐Al Hydrotalcites: Highly Active Catalysts for the One‐Pot Conversion of Fructose to 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Raut Amol B. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, a series of Co−Al hydrotalcites were synthesized in the molar ratio of 1:1(cat‐3), 2:1(cat‐4), 3:1(cat‐5). These synthesized Co−Al hydrotalcites were characterized by different characterization techniques such as XRD, XPS, FT‐IR, SEM, EDX, TGA, and N2 physical adsorption. The catalytic properties of the prepared Co−Al hydrotalcites in different molar ratio were investigated for the dehydration of fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and selective oxidation of the HMF into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). The complete conversion of HMF led to 95% yield of DFF at 120 °C under 3 bar oxygen pressure in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 6 h. DFF in the yield of 87% with 100% conversion of fructose could be achieved in a one pot and two‐step reaction using Co−Al calacite in ratio of 2:1(cat‐4). A 77% yield of DFF was obtained in one‐pot and one‐step reaction using the same hydrotalcite catalyst. A DFF yield of 59% was achieved in a one pot and one‐step reaction using air as oxidant. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst can be separate very easily and can be reused up to four times without any significant loss in its catalytic activity.
A New One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrazines by the Ti‐Catalyzed Reaction of Aromatic and Benzyl‐Substituted Nitriles with EtAlCl2
Authors: Khafizova Leila O. , Shaibakova Mariya G. , Dzhemilev Usein M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new one‐pot catalytic synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrazines based on reaction of nitriles with EtAlCl2 in the presence of metallic Mg and the Cp2TiCl2 catalyst with good yields (60‐90%) has been developed. The probable mechanistic scheme for the formation of substituted pyrazines is proposed.