bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis according to MIC of amoxicillin: a multicentric study
Authors: Do Rego Hermann , Kherabi Yousra , Corvec Stephane , Plouzeau-Jayle Chloé , Bouchiat Coralie , Macheda Gabriel , Meyer Sylvain , Cattoir Vincent , Piau Caroline , Guillard Thomas , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Farfour Eric , Lecomte Raphaël , Amara Marlène , Isnard Christophe , Le Monnier Alban , Pilmis Benoit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The incidence of Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis is increasing over time. Data on the impact of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin on treatment outcomes are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of E. faecalis infective endocarditis and to evaluate whether the MIC of amoxicillin might influence mortality.

Materials
We retrospectively included all consecutive patients diagnosed with definite E. faecalis infective endocarditis between 2013 and 2020 in 11 French hospitals. We extracted data from the local diagnosis-related group (DRG) database and matched these data with microbiological results. Amoxicillin MIC was determined by Etest strip. The primary endpoints were endocarditis-related mortality and risk factors for endocarditis-related mortality including amoxicillin MIC.

Results
A total of 403 patients with definite E. faecalis infective endocarditis were included. Patients were predominantly male (76.4%) with a median age of 74 years (67–82). Embolic complications occurred in 170 (42.1%) patients. Cardiac surgery was performed in 158 (61.5%) patients. The endocarditis-related mortality rate was 28.3% and the median delay between mortality and onset of hospitalization was 24 (9; 41) days. E. faecalis MIC of amoxicillin was available for 246 (61%) patients. The median MIC was 0.5 mg/L (0.4–0.7). Amoxicillin MIC was not found to be associated with in-hospital mortality. None of the variables included in the multivariate model were identified as a risk factor for mortality and there was no correlation between mortality and the duration of treatment for 4 weeks versus 6 weeks.

Conclusions
Higher amoxicillin MIC was not a risk factor leading to endocarditis-related mortality in definite E. faecalis infective endocarditis. However, further studies are needed to assess the effect of amoxicillin MIC on relapse.
Family-based whole-exome sequencing implicates a variant in lysyl oxidase like 4 in atypical femur fractures
Authors: Zhou Wei , van de Laarschot Denise M , van Rooij Jeroen G J , Koedam Marijke , Nguyen Hanh H , Uitterlinden André G , Ebeling Peter R , Thakker Rajesh V , Geusens Piet , van der Eerden Bram C J , Verkerk Annemieke J M H , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Atypical femur fractures (AFFs) are rare adverse events associated with bisphosphonate use, having unclear pathophysiology. AFFs also cluster in families and have occurred in patients with monogenetic bone diseases sometimes without bisphosphonate use, suggesting an underlying genetic susceptibility. Our aim was to identify a genetic cause for AFF in a Caucasian family with 7 members affected by osteoporosis, including 3 siblings with bisphosphonate-associated AFFs. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a rare pathogenic variant c.G1063A (p.Gly355Ser) in lysyl oxidase like 4 (LOXL4) among 64 heterozygous rare, protein-altering variants shared by the 3 siblings with AFFs. The same variant was also found in a fourth sibling with a low-trauma femur fracture above the knee, not fulfilling all the ASBMR criteria of AFF and in 1 of 73 unrelated European AFF patients. LOXL4 is involved in collagen cross-linking and may be relevant for microcrack formation and bone repair mechanisms. Preliminary functional analysis showed that skin fibroblast-derived osteoblasts from the unrelated patient with the LOXL4 variant expressed less collagen type I and elastin, while osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were enhanced compared with 2 controls. In conclusion, this LOXL4 variant may underlie AFF susceptibility possibly due to abnormal collagen metabolism, leading to increased formation of microdamage or compromised healing of microcracks in the femur.
Romosozumab following denosumab improves lumbar spine bone mineral density and trabecular bone score greater than denosumab continuation in postmenopausal women
Authors: Hong Namki , Shin Sungjae , Kim Hyunjae , Cho Sung Joon , Park Jin Ah , Rhee Yumie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Romosozumab following anti-resorptive can be an effective sequential treatment strategy to improve bone strength. However, whether the transition to romosozumab after denosumab is associated with greater improvement in bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) compared with denosumab continuation remains unclear. In this propensity score-matched cohort study, we analyzed data from postmenopausal women who initiated denosumab between 2017 and 2020. Individuals who were transited to 12 mo of romosozumab after denosumab were 1:1 matched to those who continued an additional 12 mo of denosumab (n = 86 for each group; denosumab-romosozumab [DR] and denosumab-denosumab [DD]). Mean BMD gain by denosumab treatment in matched DR and DD groups from denosumab initiation to transition (median 4 times [range 2-8]) was +4.8% and +2.0% in the lumbar spine (LS) and total hip, respectively. DR group showed greater LS BMD gain compared with the DD group (+6.8 vs +3.3% point, p&lt;.001) for 12 mo post-transition independent of the duration of prior denosumab treatment, yielding greater overall LS BMD gain in DR compared with DD (+11.6% vs +8.0%, p&lt;.001). DD group showed continued improvement of hip BMD, whereas hip BMD was maintained but not improved in the DR group. DR group was associated with greater TBS improvement than the DD group (2.9% vs 1.0%, p = .042). One month after the transition to romosozumab from denosumab, P1NP immediately increased above the level of denosumab initiation with relatively suppressed CTx, creating a transient anabolic window. For 12 mo follow-up, 1 incident morphometric vertebral fracture and 1 patella fracture were observed in DD, whereas 1 ankle fracture was observed in the DR group. Romosozumab following denosumab improved LS BMD and TBS greater than denosumab continuation in postmenopausal women.
Translated knowledge: the production of marginalization of the Roma during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Schneeweis Adina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research evaluates news during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in order to examine how European publics made sense of the Roma, the largest and most marginalized ethnic community on the continent. Based on the analysis of news in English, French, Italian, and Romanian, the study finds that much of the coverage across national and cultural boundaries translated marginalization, already exacerbated by the health crisis, through familiar lenses of blame and backwardness. Whereas anti-ethnic discrimination was primarily recognized in news reliant on official, governmental sources, news in French and Italian chiefly circulated representations of otherness. Romanian news revealed both systemic racism and community solutions, also filtered through a discriminatory lens. Translating justice- or equity-oriented content—directly or ideologically—appeared incomplete, infrequent, and often filtered through bias. The tool of local and regional translation emerged as central to the circulation of ideas across the continent.
Vaping and Smoking Cue Reactivity in Young Adult Nonsmoking Electronic Cigarette Users: A Functional Neuroimaging Study
Authors: Liu Jiaying , Shi Zhenhao , Fabbricatore Jessica L , McMains Joshua T , Worsdale Allison , Jones Erin C , Wang Yidi , Sweet Lawrence H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The rapid growth in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among nonsmoking young adults is concerning, as it raises the potential for chronic vaping and nicotine addiction. A key characteristic of drug addiction is the elevated neural response to conditioned drug-related cues (i.e., cue reactivity). Generalized reactivity to both vaping and smoking cues may signify an increased risk for smoking initiation in nonsmoking vapers. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate brain responses to vaping and smoking cues in young adult nonsmoking vapers.

Methods
Sixty-six young adult nonsmoking vapers underwent functional MRI while viewing visual cues pertaining to vaping, smoking, and nicotine-unrelated unconditioned reward (i.e., food). A priori region-of-interest analysis combined with exploratory whole-brain analysis was performed to characterize neural reactivity to vaping and smoking cues in comparison to food cues.

Results
The medial prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex, regions that play a key role in drug cue reactivity, showed significantly increased neural response to vaping cues compared to food cues. The posterior cingulate cortex additionally showed increased neural responses to smoking cues compared to food cues.

Conclusions
Despite not currently smoking combustible cigarettes, young adult vapers exhibited heightened neural susceptibility to both vaping and smoking cues within brain systems associated with cue reactivity. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and smoking initiation risk in this critical population and may contribute to the development of science-based interventions and regulatory measures in the future.

Implications
The escalating vaping prevalence among US nonsmoking young adults is alarming, due to its potential ramifications for nicotine addiction development. Nicotine addiction is characterized by elevated neural response to conditioned nicotine-related cues. Using functional neuroimaging, we showed that young adult nonsmoking vapers exhibited heightened neural susceptibility to both vaping and smoking cues within brain systems previously associated with cue reactivity. Such cross-reactivity to both types of nicotine cues may serve as the mechanism underlying nicotine addiction and smoking initiation risk in this population. Our findings may contribute to the development of science-based interventions and regulatory measures addressing the vaping epidemic.
Evaluation of the Activity of Triazoles Against Non-fumigatus Aspergillus and Cryptic Aspergillus Species Causing Invasive Infections Tested in the SENTRY Program
Authors: Pfaller Michael A , Carvalhaes Cecilia G , Rhomberg Paul R , Klauer Abigail , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The activity of isavuconazole and other triazoles against non-fumigatus (non-AFM) Aspergillus causing invasive aspergillosis was evaluated. A total of 390 non-AFM isolates were collected (1/patient) in 2017–2021 from 41 hospitals. Isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and/or internal spacer region/β-tubulin sequencing and tested by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution. CLSI epidemiological cutoff values were applied, where available. Isavuconazole showed activity against Aspergillus sections Flavi (n = 122; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]50/90, 0.5/1 mg/L), Terrei (n = 57; MIC50/90, 0.5/0.5 mg/L), Nidulantes (n = 34; MIC50/90, 0.12/0.25 mg/L), Versicolores (n = 7; MIC50, 1 mg/L), and Circumdati (n = 2; MIC range, 0.12–2 mg/L). Similar activity was displayed by other triazoles against those Aspergillus sections. Most of the isolates from Aspergillus sections Fumigati (n = 9), Nigri (n = 146), and Usti (n = 12) exhibited elevated MIC values to isavuconazole (MIC50/90, 2/–, 2/4, and 2/8 mg/L), voriconazole (MIC50/90, 2/–, 1/2, and 4/8 mg/L), itraconazole (MIC50/90, 2/–, 2/4, and 8/&gt;8 mg/L), and posaconazole (MIC50/90, 0.5/–, 0.5/1, and &gt;8/&gt;8 mg/L), respectively. Isavuconazole was active (MIC values, ≤1 mg/L) against Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus unguis, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus alabamensis, and Aspergillus hortai, while isavuconazole MIC values between 2 and 8 mg/L were observed against cryptic isolates from Aspergillus section Fumigati. Isavuconazole inhibited 96.1% of Aspergillus niger and 80.0% of Aspergillus tubingensis at ≤4 mg/L, the CLSI wild-type cutoff value for A niger. Voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole showed similar activity to isavuconazole against most cryptic species. Isavuconazole exhibited potent in vitro activity against non-AFM; however, the activity of triazoles varies among and within cryptic species.
Continued influence of false accusations in forming impressions of political candidates
Authors: Cohen Michael S , Halewicz Victoria , Yildirim Ece , Kable Joseph W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous work has shown that false information affects decision-making even after being corrected, a phenomenon known as “continued influence effects” (CIEs). Using mock social media posts about fictional political candidates, we observe robust within-participant CIEs: candidates targeted by corrected accusations are rated more poorly than candidates not targeted by allegations. These effects occur both immediately and after as much as a 2-day delay. We further demonstrate that vulnerability to CIEs in a political context varies systematically between individuals. We found that certain groups are more susceptible to CIEs on immediate candidate ratings (i) those who rely more on intuitive feelings, (ii) those with lower digital literacy knowledge, and (iii) younger individuals. These individuals’ judgments appear to be relatively more influenced by the refuted accusations and/or less influenced by the factual refutations. Interestingly, political orientation did not affect CIEs, despite its influence on explicitly identifying misinformation. Moreover, people recalled accusation stimuli better than refutations at a delay, suggesting that emotions may drive the prioritized processing of accusations. Our results indicate that analytic thinking could be protective when people judge political candidates targeted by refuted false information.
Open science in agricultural economics
Authors: Finger Robert , Henningsen Arne , Höhler Julia , Huber Robert , Rommel Jens , Grebitus Carola 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We provide a ‘big picture’ of what Open Science is and what benefits, limitations, and risks it entails for agricultural economists. We show that Open Science comprises various aspects, such as the accessibility of science, transparency of scientific processes, open and findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) research data and code, and openness in teaching and education. We identify potential benefits of Open Science for individual researchers and the public, as well as adoption barriers. We highlight that public benefits of a widespread uptake of Open Science practices still remain unexplored. We share best practice examples for key aspects of agricultural economic research, i.e. primary data collection and analysis, optimization and simulation models, use of replication packages, and an Open Science Community. Assessing the author guidelines of twelve agricultural economics journals for their Open Science practices, we find that data citation and transparency are considered important in many journals already, whereas replication, pre-registration, or results-blind reviews are encouraged but rarely enforced. It also becomes evident that the journals differ in terms of how strictly they enforce their open science guidelines. We close by providing recommendations for researchers, journal editors, policymakers, universities, research institutes, and funding agencies to better align public benefits with private incentives.
Employer Credit Checks: Poverty Traps Versus Matching Efficiency
Authors: Corbae Dean , Glover Andrew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We develop a framework to understand pre-employment credit screening as a signal from credit markets that alleviates adverse selection in labour markets. In our theory, people differ in both their propensity to default on debt and the profits they create for firms that employ them; in our calibrated economy, highly productive workers have a low default probability. This leads firms to create more jobs for those with good credit, which creates a poverty trap: an unemployed worker with poor credit has a low job finding rate, but cannot improve her credit without a job. This manifests as an endogenous loss in present-discounted wages that is typically taken as exogenous in quantitative models of consumer default. Banning employer credit checks eliminates the poverty trap, but pools job seekers and reduces matching efficiency: average unemployment duration rises by 2 days for high productivity workers and falls by 13 days for low-productivity workers.
Through an Hourglass Darkly? Navigating the Risk Landscape of the Reasonably Foreseeable Future
Authors: Aitchison Sharelle Anne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As refugee law has developed over time, broad authoritative principles have been espoused as interpretive aids to the refugee definition. The maxim that a well-founded fear of being persecuted entails a forward-looking appraisal of risk is one example. In some jurisdictions, such as Australia, the temporal yardstick of the reasonably foreseeable future has been introduced to guide decision-makers over the complex terrain of risk assessment. However, a close study of the case law reveals formulaic use, inconsistency and conflation of the standard with risk and its indicia—and if the standard is intended as a real risk heuristic this is far from clear or warranted. This study critically examines the reasonably foreseeable future notion in case law in Australia, including its origins as an imported, limiting standard of due diligence from other areas of international law. It signals refugee law’s vulnerability to the standard and cautions against applying the gloss of foreseeability and reasonableness as an unnecessary and obscure overlay to interpretation. It recommends instead the unadulterated real chance standard paired with narrative conventions on time, as strategies adopted in other areas of law to sensibly navigate the fraught notion of foreseeability. It proposes that the ordering of the definitional elements of well-founded fear, downstream of being persecuted, is critical to the analysis and, in simple terms, slow and deliberate thinking is required to pinpoint the temporal underpinnings of harm in relation to risk.
The Effects of Cognitive Remediation on Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Illness: A Meta-analytic Investigation of Efficacy
Authors: Melville Grace , Preisig Clara , Zheng Michael , Kurtz Matthew M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
The number of clinical efficacy trials of Cognitive Remediation (CR), a behavioral intervention consisting of cognitive task practice and/or strategy training to improve cognitive skills in schizophrenia, has increased substantially over the past 25 years. While recent reviews have highlighted the effects of CR on cognition and function, CR effects on negative symptoms remain understudied. Given the overlap between negative symptoms and cognition, CR effects might be expected.

Study Design
Electronic databases were evaluated up to September 2023 using a broad range of search terms. Sixty-nine unique, controlled trials that used negative symptoms as an outcome were meta-analyzed. Data were independently extracted with excellent (&gt;98%) reliability. Random effects models assessed the effects of CR on summary and expressive vs. experiential negative symptoms. Moderator analyses evaluated a broad array of treatment and participant factors.

Study Results
The meta-analysis (5319 participants) revealed that CR produced a small effect size improvement on summary negative symptoms (Hedge’s g = 0.179). Sample differences in age, duration of illness, symptoms, and antipsychotic dosage did not serve as a barrier to treatment benefit. CR also produced small-to-moderate improvements in alogia (Hedge’s g = 0.312) but not experiential negative symptoms. Programs of CR that utilized bridging activities that relate training of cognitive skills to activities of daily living produced greater improvement in negative symptoms (g = 0.281 vs 0.055). Longer CR programs also produce larger effects on negative symptoms.

Conclusions
CR produces small, consistent reductions in negative symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Variations in CR effects may be linked to different treatment ingredients.
The times, are they changing? Examining platform companies' chameleonic labour process as a response to the Spanish Ley Rider
Authors: Vieira Tiago , Mendonça Pedro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the effects of the Spanish initiative to deploy a universal presumption of employment relationship for all platform couriers (Ley Rider). Drawing from 36 semi-structured interviews and several non-participant observations in Spain, this article shows that the impact of this initiative has been positive but limited. The eradication of bogus self-employment is a positive development, as it allows workers to access safety nets such as social security and employment rights while preserving valued aspects of their employment model like flexible scheduling. However, this progress is undermined by the platforms' efforts to circumvent regulations through what we term a ‘chameleonic labour process’. Such chameleonic behaviour on the part of the platforms includes: outsourcing labour operations to other companies; maintaining the independent contractor model; and, condoning undocumented work. Despite some progress, workers continue to face insecurity and low wages across all platforms, albeit in varying degrees and in different forms.
Can fertility decline help explain gender pay convergence?
Authors: Killewald Alexandra , Cricco Nino José 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prior scholarship demonstrates that motherhood wage penalties and fatherhood wage premiums contribute to the gender pay gap. These analyses typically take a cross-sectional perspective, asking to what extent gender inequalities in the association between parenthood and wages can explain gender pay inequality for a given cohort or at a given moment in time. By contrast, explorations of gender pay convergence over time have tended to start at the firm’s door, testing the explanatory power of changes in men’s and women’s human capital and job characteristics and neglecting the contributions of fertility change. We bring these two strands of research together, asking to what extent declines 1980–2018 in US employees’ number of children can explain gender pay convergence over the same period. Using a descriptive decomposition and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that, in gross terms, fertility decline can explain almost one-quarter of gender pay convergence from 1980 to 2018. Even net of a host of controls for human capital and job characteristics, fertility decline explains 8 percent of the attenuation of the US gender pay gap 1980–2018—about half as much as changes in education and about a quarter as much as changes in full-time work experience and job tenure combined. Finally, we show that employees’ fertility decline was fastest in the 1980s and subsequently slowed; this, in conjunction with persistent gender differences in parenthood–wage associations, helps explain stalled progress toward gender pay parity.