bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
microRNA‐16‐5p‐containing exosomes derived from bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating ITGA2
Authors: Xu Yan , Shen Liangfang , Li Fujun , Yang Junwen , Wan Xiaoping , Ouyang Miao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a form of cancer developing from either the colon or rectum. Nowadays, research supports the functionality of exosome expressing microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarker for various cancers including CRC. This study was performed with the intent of investigating the roles of both bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and exosomal miR‐16‐5p in CRC by regulating integrin α2 (ITGA2). A microarray‐based analysis was conducted to screen the CRC‐associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as well as potential regulatory miRNAs. Next, the role of miR‐16‐5p in terms of its progression in association with CRC was determined. Subsequently, CRC cells were exposed to exosomes secreted by BMSCs transfected with miR‐16‐5p, isolated and cocultured with CRC cells in an attempt to identify the role of exosomes. Effects of BMSCs‐derived exosomes overexpressing miR‐16‐5p on biological functions of CRC cells and tumorigenicity were all subsequently detected. Effects of miR‐16‐5p treated with CRC cells in regard to CRC in vivo were also measured. ITGA2 was overexpressed, while miR‐16‐5p was poorly expressed in CRC cells and miR‐16‐5p targeted ITGA2. The in vitro experiments revealed that the BMSCs‐derived exosomes overexpressing miR‐16‐5p inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, while simultaneously stimulating the apoptosis of the CRC cells via downregulation of ITGA2. Furthermore, the results of in vivo experiments confirmed that the BMSCs‐derived exosomes overexpressing miR‐16‐5p repressed the tumor growth of CRC. Collectively, BMSCs‐derived exosomes overexpressing miR‐16‐5p restricted the progression of CRC by downregulating ITGA2.
2,4,6‐Triphenylaniline nanoemulsion formulation, optimization, and its application in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ranganathan Nathiya , Mahalingam Gayathri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe secondary metabolite 2,4,6‐triphenylaniline (TPA) was isolated from an endophytic fungi Alternaria longipes strain VITN14G of mangrove plant Avicennia officinalis, that exhibited satisfactory in vitro antidiabetic activity for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The TPA was encapsulated using nanoemulsion (NE) to overcome the problem of stability and permeability to increase its therapeutic applications. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of the variables given, such as hydrodynamic diameter, surface charge, and polydispersity index (PDI). TPA was encapsulated using an optimized ratio of olive oil and tween 80 (2:1) significantly affected the response variables including particle size (124.8 nm), ζ potential (−46.0 mV), and PDI (0.396), and the encapsulation efficiency was found to be 95.93%. The TPA‐loaded NE after MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis showed nontoxic effects on L929 normal cell lines (areolar and adipose subcutaneous connective tissue of Mus musculus) with a viable percentage of 92%. In vitro release study revealed the slow and sustained release of the TPA over 48 hrs from NE under the Fickian diffusion mechanism and followed the Higuchi model for release kinetics. Further, the percentage of α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibition rate of TPA‐loaded NE was found to be 78.5 and 43.42%, respectively. The present study, therefore, can aid in the development of a novel drug delivery system as a therapeutic approach to T2DM.
Regulation of adult mammalian intrinsic axonal regeneration by NF‐κB/STAT3 signaling cascade
Authors: Ma Jin‐Jin , Xu Ren‐Jie , Qi Shi‐Bin , Wang Feng , Ma Yan‐Xia , Zhang Hong‐Cheng , Xu Jin‐Hui , Qin Xu‐Zhen , Zhang Hao‐Nan , Liu Chang‐Mei , Li Bin , Chen Jian‐Quan , Yang Hui‐Lin , Saijilafu  
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe inflammatory response is a critical regulator for the regeneration of axon following nervous system injury. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) is characteristically known for its ubiquitous role in the inflammatory response. However, its functional role in adult mammalian axon growth remains elusive. Here, we found that the NF‐κB signaling pathway is activated in adult sensory neurons through peripheral axotomy. Furthermore, inhibition of NF‐κB in peripheral sensory neurons attenuated their axon growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results also showed that NF‐κB modulated axon growth by repressing the phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, activation of STAT3 significantly promoted adult optic nerve regeneration. Taken together, the findings of our study indicated that NF‐κB/STAT3 cascade is a critical regulator of intrinsic axon growth capability in the adult nervous system.
Calcium‐activated nucleotidase 1 silencing inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xin , Yang Zhenxing , Luo Xing , Luo Jing , Fu Weihua , Fang Zhenqiang , Xia Ding , Li Longkun , Xu Jie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCalcium‐activated nucleotidase 1 (CANT1, belongs to the apyrase family, is widely expressed in various organs. However, the biological function of CANT1 remains poorly explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression profile and functions of CANT1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Our data show that the protein level of CANT1 was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. CANT1 silencing suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion obviously in 769‐P and 786‐O cells, arrested cell cycle in S phase and promoted apoptosis in 769‐P cells. In conclusion, the present study shows the different expression mode of CANT1 in human ccRCC tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue, denotes the function of CANT1 in ccRCC cells and provides potential molecular mechanisms and pathways of CANT1 antitumor function in ccRCC.
Comparing the effect of the novel ionic cocrystal of lithium salicylate proline (LISPRO) with lithium carbonate and lithium salicylate on memory and behavior in female APPswe/PS1dE9 Alzheimer's mice
Authors: Habib Ahsan , Shytle R. Douglas , Sawmiller Darrell , Koilraj Selina , Munna Sadia Afrin , Rongo David , Hou Huayan , Borlongan Cesario V. , Currier Glenn , Tan Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive decline of cognition and associated neuropsychiatric signs including weight loss, anxiety, depression, agitation, and aggression, which is particularly pronounced in the female gender. Previously, we have shown that a novel ionic co‐crystal of lithium salicylate proline (LISPRO) is an improved lithium formulation compared to the carbonate or salicylate form of lithium in terms of safety and efficacy in reducing AD pathology in Alzheimer's mice. The current study is designed to compare the prophylactic effects of LISPRO, lithium carbonate (LC), and lithium salicylate (LS) on cognitive and noncognitive impairments in female transgenic APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. Female APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at 4 months of age were orally treated with low‐dose LISPRO, LS, or LC for 9 months at 2.25 mmol lithium/kg/day followed by determination of body weight, growth of internal organs, and cognitive and noncognitive behavior. No significant differences in body or internal organ weight, anxiety or locomotor activity were found between lithium treated and untreated APPswe/PS1dE9 cohorts. LISPRO, LC, and LS prevented spatial cognitive decline, as determined by Morris water maze and depression as determined by tail suspension test. In addition, LISPRO treatment was superior in preventing associative memory decline determined by contextual fear conditioning and reducing irritability determined by touch escape test in comparison with LC and LS. In conclusion, low‐dose LISPRO, LC, and LS treatment prevent spatial cognitive decline and depression‐like behavior, while LISPRO prevented hippocampal‐dependent associative memory decline and irritability in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice.
Nondestructive determination of the amphibole crystal‐chemical formulae by Raman spectroscopy: One step closer
Authors: Waeselmann Naemi , Schlüter Jochen , Malcherek Thomas , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Oberti Roberta , Mihailova Boriana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present the results of a comprehensive study linking the crystal‐chemical formulae of amphiboles, a series of extremely complex silicates with the general formula (AB2C5T8O22W2, C5 = M12M22M3) to variations in the peak positions, widths, and intensities of the Raman‐active modes. To this purpose, we have analyzed the Raman scattering generated by the framework vibrations (15–1,215 cm−1) and by the OH‐stretching modes (3,000–4,000 cm−1) of 44 samples, spanning all six major subgroups. We show that, in addition to the information that can be derived from the OH‐stretching range (Leissner et al., Am. Mineral. 2015, 100, 2682), further important features of the amphibole structure, composition, and cationic site population can be directly extracted from the framework Raman spectrum, namely, (a) the distinction between the monoclinic and orthorhombic symmetries; (b) the estimation of TAl content, when TAl > 0.5 apfu; (c) the estimation of CTi content, when CTi > 0.3 apfu; (d) the estimation of CLi content, when CLi > 0.3 apfu; (e) the detection of CAl, when CAl > 0.7 apfu; (f) an estimate of CMg; (g) the estimation of CFe3+ in the case of Na amphiboles; and (h) the estimation of the Fe2+ content at the M2 site in the case of Mg–Fe–Mn amphiboles. Additionally, we point out that the TO4‐ring‐breathing mode near 670 cm−1, which is commonly used to fingerprint various amphibole species, has to be handled with a great care, because it is sensitive to the site population at all crystallographic sites.
Effects of trisodium phosphate treatment after harvest on storage quality and sucrose metabolism in jujube fruit
Authors: Zhang Junhu , Li Canying , Wei Meilin , Ge Yonghong , Tang Qi , Xue Wenjun , Zhang Shiyu , Wang Wenhui , Lv Jingyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrisodium phosphate (TSP), generally recognized as safe (GRAS), could control postharvest diseases and maintain fruit quality. However, changes of fruit quality and sucrose metabolism in harvested jujube after TSP treatment remain largely unknown. In the current study, jujube fruit (cv. sanxing) was used to study the effects of TSP on storage quality and sucrose metabolism during storage at 20 ± 2 °C with 40–50% relative humidity (RH).RESULTSThe results showed that 0.5 g L−1 TSP treatment reduced weight loss and reduced sugar content, suppressed the reduction of fruit firmness, maintained ascorbic acid (AsA) content and inhibited respiratory rate of jujube fruit. In addition, TSP treatment also reduced acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities in sucrose metabolism in jujube fruit. Sucrose synthase‐cleavage (SS‐c), sucrose synthase‐synthesis (SS‐s) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities were also suppressed by TSP treatment.CONCLUSIONTreatment with TSP could effectively reduce enzymes activities in sucrose metabolism and maintain storage quality of jujube fruit during storage. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Remediated marine sediment as growing medium for lettuce production: assessment of agronomic performance and food safety in a pilot experiment
Authors: Tozzi Francesca , Pecchioli Simona , Renella Giancarlo , Melgarejo Pablo , Legua Pilar , Macci Cristina , Doni Serena , Masciandaro Grazia , Giordani Edgardo , Lenzi Anna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of reclaimed dredged sediments as growing media may offer a profitable alternative to their disposal as a waste and at the same time meets the need of peat‐substitute substrates in horticulture. When sediments are reused to cultivate food crops, issues related to human health rise due to potential accumulation of contaminants in the product. This pilot study aimed at verifying the suitability of a reclaimed dredged port sediment, used pure or mixed with peat, as a growing medium for lettuce cultivation.RESULTSThe pure sediment caused a reduction in crop yield, probably due to its unsuitable physical properties, whereas the mixture sediment–peat and pure peat resulted in the same yield. Although the sediment contained potentially phytotoxic heavy metals and some organic pollutants, no symptoms of plant toxicity were noted. Besides, no organic contaminants were detected in lettuce heads, and heavy metals amounts were not hazardous for consumers. Conversely, plants grown in the sediment were particularly rich in minerals like Ca, Mg and Fe, and showed higher concentrations of organic acids and antioxidants.CONCLUSIONThe use of the sediment as a growing medium for lettuce was shown to be safe for both inorganic and organic contaminants. Nevertheless, considering crop yield results, the mixture of the sediment with other materials is recommended in order to produce a substrate with more suitable physicochemical properties for vegetable cultivation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Timing of palliative care: When to call for a palliative care consult
Authors: Schlick Cary Jo R. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPalliative care, unlike hospice, can be utilized concurrently with disease‐modifying or curative therapies. Some of the benefits of palliative care include improved quality of life, less end‐of‐life treatment, and decreased medical costs. Furthermore, palliative care can help guide treatment decisions to be in line with patients’ physical, psychological, and spiritual needs. On the basis of these benefits, we advocate for palliative care involvement early in the course of advanced malignancy and other terminal diagnoses.
Classification of breast tissue expander infections: Back to the basics
Authors: Kraenzlin Franca S. , Saunders Heather , Aliu Oluseyi , Cooney Damon , Rosson Gedge D. , Sacks Justin M. , Broderick Kristen , Manahan Michele A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfections following tissue expander (TE) placement are frequent complications in breast reconstruction. While breast surgery is a clean case, implant‐based breast reconstruction has rates of infection up to 31%, decidedly higher than the typical 1% to 2% rate of surgical site infections (SSI). Few authors use the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) SSI definition for TE infections. We highlight how adoption of a consistent definition of TE infection may change how infections are researched, categorized, and ultimately managed.MethodsTwo researchers with definitional discrepancies of infection performed an independent analysis of all postmastectomy patients receiving TEs (n = 175) in 2017.ResultsResearcher One, using a clinical definition, delineated an infection rate of 19.4%. Antibiotics alone successfully treated 50% of cases. Researcher Two found an infection rate of 13.7% using CDC criteria. These infections were further delineated by a SSI rate of 6.3% and a TE infection rate post port access of 7.4%. Only 45.5% SSI's and 15.4% of TE infections were salvaged with antibiotics alone.ConclusionsRigorous adoption of CDC criteria for infection characterization in published research will help standardize the definition of infection and allow surgeons to create evidence‐based infection prevention regimens.
Frequency of unplanned surgery in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy with an intact primary: An analysis of SEER‐Medicare
Authors: Lorimer Patrick D. , Motz Benjamin M. , Kirks Russell C. , Han Yimei , Symanowski James T. , Hwang Jimmy J. , Salo Jonathan C. , Hill Joshua S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStage IV colorectal cancer is often treated with palliative chemotherapy with the primary tumor in place. Low rates of unplanned surgical intervention (due to obstruction or perforation) have been reported. We examined a large national dataset to determine the rate of unplanned surgical intervention in these patients.MethodsSurveillance Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare were queried for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy (1998‐2013). Patient who underwent planned surgery to the primary or metastasectomy were excluded. The primary outcome was the need for nonelective surgery. Time to surgery or death was measured. Conditional analyses were performed to determine the risk of surgical intervention at 6‐month, 1‐, and 2‐year after diagnosis.ResultsThe analytic cohort consisted of 4692 patients (median age = 75). At 24 months, 80% of the patients had died. The overall unplanned intervention rate was 12%. The probability of requiring unplanned surgery between 6 and 12 months was 8.1%; 12 and 24 months = 6.7%, and >24 months = 5.3%. Males, those with right‐sided tumors, and older patients were less likely to require surgery.ConclusionsPatients treated with palliative chemotherapy who are not resected upfront are unlikely to require unplanned surgery. Prophylactic surgery to reduce the risk of perforation or obstruction may not be necessary.
Identification of Factors Affecting Tacrolimus Trough Levels in Latin American Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Riva Natalia , Woillard Jean‐Baptiste , Distefano Maximiliano , Moragas Matias , Dip Marcelo , Halac Esteban , Cáceres Guido Paulo , Licciardone Nieves , Mangano Andrea , Bosaleh Andrea , de Davila María Teresa , Schaiquevich Paula , Imventarza Oscar 
Published: May 2019

Tacrolimus is the cornerstone in pediatric liver transplant immunosuppression. Despite close monitoring, fluctuations in tacrolimus blood levels affect safety and efficacy of immunosuppressive treatments. Identifying the factors related to the variability in tacrolimus exposure may be helpful in tailoring the dose. The aim of the present study was to characterize the clinical, pharmacological, and genetic variables associated with systemic tacrolimus exposure in pediatric liver transplant patients. De novo transplant patients with a survival of more than 1 month were considered for inclusion and were genotyped for cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5). Peritransplant clinical factors and laboratory covariates were recorded retrospectively between 1 month and 2 years after transplant, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, hematocrit, and tacrolimus predose steady‐state blood concentrations collected 12 hours after tacrolimus dosing. A linear mixed effect (LME) model was used to assess the association of these factors and the log‐transformed tacrolimus dose‐normalized trough concentration (logC0/D) levels. Bootstrapping was used to internally validate the final model. External validation was performed in an independent group of patients who matched the original population. The developed LME model described that logC0/D increases with increases in time after transplant (β = 0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.010‐0.028) and ALT values (β = 0.00030, 95% CI, 0.00002‐0.00056), whereas logC0/D is significantly lower in graft CYP3A5 expressers compared with nonexpressers (β = −0.349, 95% CI, −0.631 to −0.062). In conclusion, donor CYP3A5 genotype, time after transplant, and ALT values are associated with tacrolimus disposition between 1 month and 2 years after transplant. A better understanding of tacrolimus exposure is essential to minimize the occurrence of an out‐of‐range therapeutic window that may lead to adverse drug reactions or acute rejection.
Investigation of urediospore morphology, histopathology and epidemiological components on wheat plants infected with UV‐B‐induced mutant strains of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Zhao Yaqiong , Cheng Pei , Li Tingting , Ma Jinxing , Zhang Yuzhu , Wang Haiguang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlanting resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective measure to control wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), but the cultivars often lose their resistance due to the emergence of new physiological races. The UV‐B‐irradiated urediospores of the Pst physiological race CYR32 in China were inoculated on wheat cultivar Guinong 22 for screening virulence‐mutant strains. CYR32 and mutant strains (CYR32‐5 and CYR32‐61) before and after UV‐B radiation were used to conduct urediospore morphological and histopathological observations and an investigation of epidemiological components. The results showed that UV‐B radiation affected the urediospore morphology of each strain. UV‐B radiation inhibited urediospore invasion and hyphal elongation, which mainly manifested as decreases in germination rate, quantities of hyphal branches, haustorial mother cells and haustoria and hyphal length. After wheat cultivar Mingxian 169 was inoculated with the UV‐B‐irradiated urediospores, the incubation period was prolonged, and the infection efficiency, lesion expansion rate, total sporulation quantity and area under the disease progress curve were reduced. The results demonstrated that CYR32‐5 and CYR32‐61 may have more tolerance to UV‐B radiation than CYR32. The results are significant for understanding mechanisms of Pst virulence variations and implementing sustainable management of wheat stripe rust.
Cognitive and behavioral improvement in adults with fragile X syndrome treated with metformin‐two cases
Authors: Protic Dragana , Aydin Elber Y. , Tassone Flora , Tan Maria M. , Hagerman Randi J. , Schneider Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have intellectual disability, behavioral problems, autism, and language deficits. IQ typically declines with age in boys with the full mutation. The results of preclinical studies demonstrated that metformin, a biguanide used to treat type 2 diabetes, rescues multiple phenotypes of FXS in both Drosophila and mouse models. Preliminary studies of patients with FXS demonstrated improvements in behavior.MethodsHere, we present two cases of individuals who have been treated with metformin clinically for one year.ResultsBoth patients demonstrated significant cognitive and behavioral improvements. They also improved eating habits and normalization of their weight percentiles.ConclusionMetformin may be a candidate drug for treatment of several types of symptoms in individuals with FXS.
Seminal plasma features of Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus throughout two consecutives spawning seasons
Authors: Viveiros Ana T. M. , Di Chiacchio Isabela M. , Almeida Izabella L. G. , Leal Marcelo C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aims to describe seminal plasma characteristics, detect changes during and between two consecutive spawning seasons (SS), and compare plasma features between two important South American fish species. Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus sperm was collected over two (SS1; SS2). Each season was divided into first and second sampling periods (P1; P2). Thus, the four experimental periods were referred to as SS1P1, SS1P2, SS2P1, and SS2P2. Seminal plasma was analyzed for osmolality, pH, and Na+, K+, and Ca2+ concentration. Additionally, sperm concentration, motility rate, and velocities (curvilinear = VCL; straight line = VSL) were determined and correlated with plasma features. In P. lineatus, plasma osmolality was lower in SS1P2, pH was higher in SS2P2, Na+ was higher and K+ and Ca2+ were lower in SS2P1 compared with other experimental periods. Positive correlations were observed between motility and plasma osmolality, motility and Na+, and VCL and Na+. In B. orbignyanus, plasma osmolality was higher in SS2P1 and SS2P2 and K+ concentration was higher in SS1P1 compared with other experimental periods; no correlation was observed. Seminal plasma parameters change during SS; therefore, the composition of a sperm extender and artificial fertilization methods should be adapted to maximize fertilization rates.