bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appendectomy and Risk of Subsequent Diverticular Disease Requiring Hospitalization: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Sköldberg Filip , Olén Ola , Ekbom Anders , Schmidt Peter T. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:Appendicitis and acute diverticulitis share clinical features and are both influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Appendectomy has been positively associated with diverticular disease in hospital-based case–control studies.OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to investigate, in a population-based setting, whether appendectomy, with or without appendicitis, is associated with an altered risk of hospitalization with diverticular disease.DESIGN:This was a population-based case-control study.SETTINGS:The study was based on national healthcare and population registers.PATIENTS:We studied 41,988 individuals hospitalized between 2000 and 2010 with a first-time diagnosis of colonic diverticular disease and 413,115 matched control subjects.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The association between appendectomy with or without appendicitis and diverticular disease was investigated by conditional logistic regression, including a model adjusting for hospital use.RESULTS:A total of 2813 cases (6.7%) and 19,037 controls (4.6%) had a previous record of appendectomy (appendectomy with acute appendicitis: adjusted OR = 1.31 (95% CI, 1.24–1.39); without appendicitis: adjusted OR = 1.30 (95% CI, 1.23–1.38)). Appendectomy was most strongly associated with an increased risk of diverticular disease within 1 year (with appendicitis: adjusted OR = 2.26 (95% CI, 1.61–3.16); without appendicitis: adjusted OR = 3.98 (95% CI, 2.71–5.83)), but the association was still present ≥20 years after appendectomy (with appendicitis: adjusted OR = 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12–1.32); without appendicitis: adjusted OR = 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10–1.28)).LIMITATIONS:Detailed clinical information on the cases was not available. There were unmeasured potential confounders, such as smoking and dietary factors.CONCLUSIONS:The findings are consistent with a hypothesis of appendectomy causing an increased risk of diverticular disease, for example, by affecting the mucosal immune system or the gut microbiome. However, several other mechanisms may contribute to, or account for, the positive association, including a propensity for abdominal pain increasing the risk of both the exposure and the outcome. SeeVideo Abstractat http://links.lww.com/DCR/A604.
Home-based nurse practitioners demonstrate reductions in rehospitalizations and emergency department visits in a clinically complex patient population through an academic–clinical partnership
Authors: Coppa Denise , Winchester Suzy Barcelos , Roberts Mary B. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the impact of one aspect of an academic–clinical partnership that showed how assigning nurse practitioner faculty to deliver home-based primary care services to clinically complex patients would decrease rehospitalizations and emergency department visit rates.

Methods:
Rehospitalizations and emergency department visits of a cohort of 82 patients were recorded from April 15, 2016 to August 25, 2016 and compared with the same cohort during the two pre-home care inception periods (6 months and 1 year) using insurance claims–based data.

Conclusions:
Compared with the 1-year pre-home care inception period, there was a decrease of 23.7% in emergency department visits and 34.9% decrease in rehospitalizations after the implementation of the home-based primary care program and a decrease of 35.6% in emergency department visits and 59.4% decrease in rehospitalizations compared with 6 months of pre-home care inception.

Implications for practice:
Allowing nurse practitioners with full practice authority to deliver home-based primary health care services to homebound, chronically ill, recently discharged, and/or disabled patients can decrease costs and promote optimum health care in this population. In addition, these programs provide valuable learning experiences for nurse practitioner students and their preceptors.
Quantitative Analysis of Surgical Freedom and Area of Exposure in Minimal-Invasive Transcanal Approaches to the Lateral Skull Base
Authors: Anschuetz Lukas , Presutti Livio , Schneider Daniel , Yacoub Abraam , Wimmer Wilhelm , Beck Juergen , Weber Stefan , Caversaccio Marco 
Published: June 2018

Hypothesis:
We aim to provide objective data regarding the area of exposure (AOE) and the surgical freedom (SF) offered by the transcanal approaches to the lateral skull base.

Background:
Minimal-invasive transcanal lateral skull base procedures have been recently developed and their clinical feasibility demonstrated. The reduced access size requires careful analysis and selection of suitable cases, qualifying for a minimal-invasive approach.

Methods:
We performed the mentioned approaches in standardized dissection using human whole heads. Surgical freedom is defined as the degree of movement liberty of the surgical instrument at predefined landmarks. We assessed SF at anatomical landmarks throughout the lateral skull base. Moreover, we measured the AOE, defined as the surface on the lateral skull base reached by every approach.

Results:
We performed a total of 48 dissections under stereotactic image guidance in a total of 12 sides. The mean SF was assessed for the inferior petrous apex 602 mm2, for the geniculate ganglion 1,916 mm2, and for the fundus of internal auditory canal 1,337 mm2. The AOE was measured for the infracochlear approach 55 mm2, suprageniculate approach 67 mm2, transpromontorial approach 11 mm2, and for the expanded transpromontorial approach 93 mm2 at the fundus and 108 mm2 at the porus of the internal auditory canal.

Conclusion:
This study provides a quantitative description of minimal-invasive transcanal approaches to the lateral skull base. The AOE offered by the expanded transcanal transpromontorial approach is inferior but comparable to the reported AOE of transmastoidal approaches. The reported objective measurements may provide important information for future preoperative planning and patient counseling.
Does the Sex Risk Quiz Predict Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in Urban Adolescents and Young Adult Women?
Authors: Ronda Jocelyn , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Perin Jamie , Tabacco Lisa , Coleman Jenell S. , Trent Maria 
Published: June 2018

Background

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI), but there are limited strategies to identify individuals at risk of MG. Previously, a sex risk quiz was used to predict STIs including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis. The original quiz categorized individuals 25 years or younger as at risk of STIs, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies females younger than 25 years as at risk of STIs. In this study, the quiz was changed to categorize females younger than 25 years as high risk. The objective was to determine if the age-modified risk quiz predicted MG infection.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of a prospective longitudinal study was performed including female adolescents and young adults (AYAs) evaluated in multiple outpatient clinics. Participants completed an age-modified risk quiz about sexual practices. Scores ranged from 0 to 10 and were categorized as low risk (0–3), medium risk (4–7), and high risk (8–10) based on the STI prevalence for each score. Vaginal and/or endocervical and/or urine specimens were tested for MG, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae using the Aptima Gen-Probe nucleic amplification test.

Results
There were 693 participants. Most participants reported having 0 to 1 sexual partners in the last 90 days (91%) and inconsistent condom use (84%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for race, education, and symptom status demonstrated that a medium-risk score predicted MG infection among AYAs younger than 25 years (adjusted odds ratio, 2.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.06–6.18]).

Conclusion
A risk quiz may be useful during clinical encounters to identify AYA at risk of MG.
Prepectoral Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction with Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy
Authors: Elswick Sarah M. , Harless Christin A. , Bishop Sarah N. , Schleck Cathy D. , Mandrekar Jay , Reusche Ryan D. , Mutter Robert W. , Boughey Judy C. , Jacobson Steven R. , Lemaine Valerie 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Two-stage subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction is the most common method for breast reconstruction. Recent advances in surgical techniques and technology have made prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction feasible. There are limited data on outcomes after prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction and postmastectomy radiation therapy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing immediate two-stage prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction with postmastectomy radiation therapy was performed. Outcomes of irradiated breasts were compared with nonirradiated breasts in bilateral cases.

Results:
Ninety-three cases of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction in 54 women who underwent immediate two-stage reconstruction (39 bilateral and 15 unilateral) and unilateral postmastectomy radiation therapy were identified. Mean follow-up was 19 months from mastectomy and tissue expander reconstruction and 9 months from implant placement. Crude complication rates in irradiated versus nonirradiated sides were as follows: surgical-site infection, 18.5 percent versus 7.7 percent; seroma, 5.6 percent versus 5.1 percent; mastectomy skin flap necrosis, 1.9 percent versus 2.6 percent; wound dehiscence, 1.9 percent versus 7.7 percent; capsular contracture, 1.9 percent versus 0 percent; hematoma, 1.9 percent versus 2.6 percent; and extrusion, 1.9 percent versus 0 percent. On univariate analysis, there were no risk factors associated with any complication, including radiation therapy, surgical-site infection, unplanned readmissions, and unplanned return to the operating room. To date, reconstruction has been completed in 96 percent of patients, with successful implant-based breast reconstruction in 81 breasts (45 irradiated breasts and 36 nonirradiated breasts).

Conclusions:
Early data of prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction in patients with postmastectomy radiation therapy show promising results. Postmastectomy radiation therapy should not be an absolute contraindication to prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Evaluation of the Microbotox Technique: An Algorithmic Approach for Lower Face and Neck Rejuvenation and a Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Awaida Cyril J. , Jabbour Samer F. , Rayess Youssef A. , El Khoury Joseph S. , Kechichian Elio G. , Nasr Marwan W. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Microbotox consists of the injection of microdroplets of botulinum toxin into the dermis to improve the different lower face and neck aging components. No clinical trial has evaluated its effect on the different face and neck components and no study has compared it to the “Nefertiti lift” procedure.

Methods:
In this crossover study, patients previously treated with the Nefertiti lift were injected using the microbotox technique. Using standardized preinjection and postinjection photographs, the jowls, marionette lines, oral commissures, neck volume, and platysmal bands at maximal contraction and at rest were assessed with validated photonumeric scales. In addition, the overall appearance of the lower face and neck was evaluated by the Investigators and Subjects Global Aesthetic Improvement Score. Pain and patient satisfaction rates were also evaluated.

Results:
Twenty-five of the 30 patients previously treated with the Nefertiti technique were injected with a mean dose of 154 U using the microbotox technique. Platysmal bands with contraction, jowls, and neck volume reached a statistically significant improvement. The microbotox technique improved the jowls and the neck volume more than the Nefertiti technique, whereas the platysmal bands at rest and with contraction were more improved by the Nefertiti technique. One hundred percent of patients were satisfied with both techniques and rated themselves as improved.

Conclusions:
The microbotox technique is a useful, simple, and safe procedure for lower face and neck rejuvenation. It is mainly effective in treating neck and lower face soft-tissue ptosis, in contrast to the Nefertiti technique, which is more effective on platysmal bands.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Topographic Anatomy of the Infraorbital Artery and Its Clinical Implications for Nasolabial Fold Augmentation
Authors: Kim Hong-San , Lee Kyu-Lim , Gil Young-Chun , Hu Kyung-Seok , Tansatit Tanvaa , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Understanding the topography of the blood vessels distributed around the nasolabial fold region is essential for ensuring the safety of dermal filler injections into the nasolabial fold. The purpose of this study was to provide anatomical information on the infraorbital artery distribution and its relationship with the facial artery for use in clinical procedures involving filler injection during nasolabial fold augmentation.

Methods:
The infraorbital artery was investigated in the nasolabial fold region divided into zones I to XII based on clock-hour meridians centered on the infraorbital foramen. The running layers of the infraorbital artery and infraorbital nerve were also compared in the infraorbital foramen. Changes in the infraorbital artery were observed according to vascular dominance of the facial artery.

Results:
The infraorbital artery was divided into three main branches, palpebral, nasal, and labial infraorbital artery branches in 34.7, 100, and 100 percent of the specimens, respectively; with these branches of palpebral, nasal, and labial infraorbital artery observed most commonly in zones I, V, and VI, respectively. Analysis of the bilateral facial artery topography revealed that its vascular dominance was observed in 19.4 percent. The infraorbital artery was thicker and had a wider distribution on the nondominant side of the facial artery, whereas the nasal infraorbital nerve anastomosed with the facial artery in the lateral nasal region in 57.1 percent.

Conclusion:
Investigating and verifying the vascular structure regarding its interactions with the facial artery and infraorbital artery will provide critical information to physicians performing facial surgery and cosmetic procedures.
Laparoscopic Repair of Diaphragmatic Eventeration in Adults: Plication With Mesh Repair
Authors: Wang Zhijiang , Ye Qinghuang , Chen Yan , Zhu Jinhui 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Diaphragmatic eventeration is a rare congenital anomaly consisting of defect of diaphragm muscular development, which can be diagnosed with chest radiography and clinical evaluation. Diaphragmatic plication is a well-established treatment for diaphragmatic eventeration, which can be done through the thoracic or abdominal route, and minimally invasive became the trend in recent years.

Methods:
The study retrospectively analyzed 3 cases of diaphragmatic eventeration with the procedure of laparoscopic diaphragmatic plication with mesh repair from August 2016 to April 2017. A detailed review of medical records and the perioperative data including patient characteristics, operative details, and postoperative hospital stay was conducted.

Results:
Laparoscopic diaphragmatic plication with mesh repair for diaphragmatic eventeration was successfully completed for 3 patients. The mean operation time was 125 minutes (range, 120 to 135 min), and the mean blood loss was 13.3 mL (range, 10 to 15 mL). The postoperative intercostal neuralgia was detailed evaluated and intervention as necessary. All patients were followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after procedure, and the recoveries were uneventful.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic diaphragmatic plication with mesh repair provides a new operative view, which may be a safe and feasible alternative in the surgical management of diaphragmatic eventeration.
Repurposing the quinoline antibiotic nitroxoline to treat infections caused by the brain-eating amoebaBalamuthia mandrillaris
Authors: Laurie Matthew T. , White Corin V. , Retallack Hanna , Wu Wesley , Moser Matthew S. , Sakanari Judy , Ang Kenny , Wilson Christopher , Arkin Michelle R. , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBalamuthia mandrillarisis a pathogenic free-living amoeba that causes a rare but almost always fatal infection of the central nervous system called granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Two distinct forms ofB. mandrillaris– a proliferative trophozoite form and a non-proliferative cyst form, which is highly resistant to harsh physical and chemical conditions – have been isolated from environmental samples worldwide and are both observed in infected tissue. Patients suffering from GAE are typically treated with aggressive and prolonged multi-drug regimens often including the antimicrobial agents miltefosine and pentamidine isethionate. However, survival rates remain low and studies evaluating the susceptibility ofB. mandrillaristo these compounds and other potential therapeutics are limited. To address the need for more effective treatments, we screened 2,177 clinically-approved compounds forin vitroactivity againstB. mandrillaris. The quinoline antibiotic nitroxoline, which has safely been used in humans to treat urinary tract infections, was identified as a lead compound. We show that nitroxoline inhibits both trophozoites and cysts at low micromolar concentrations, which are within a physiologically relevant range. We compare thein vitroefficacy of nitroxoline to drugs currently used in the standard of care for GAE and find that nitroxoline is the most potent and selective inhibitor ofB. mandrillaristested. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nitroxoline preventsB. mandrillaris-mediateddestruction of host cells in cultured fibroblast and primary brain explant models also at physiologically relevant concentrations. Together, our findings indicate that nitroxoline is a promising candidate for repurposing as a novel treatment ofB. mandrillarisinfections.ImportanceBalamuthia mandrillarisis responsible for hundreds of reported cases of amoebic encephalitis, the majority of which have been fatal. Despite being an exceptionally deadly pathogen,B. mandrillarisis understudied, leaving many open questions regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Due to the lack of effective drugs to fightB. mandrillarisinfections, mortality rates remain high even for patients receiving intensive care. This study addresses the need for new anti-amoebic drugs using a high-throughput screening approach to identify novelB. mandrillarisinhibitors. The most promising candidate identified was the quinoline antibiotic nitroxoline, which has a long history of safe use in humans. We show that nitroxoline killsB. mandrillarisat physiologically relevant concentrations and exhibits greater potency and selectivity than drugs commonly used in the current standard of care. The findings we present demonstrate the potential of nitroxoline to be an important new tool in the treatment of life threateningB. mandrillarisinfections.
Correction of respiratory artifacts in MRI head motion estimates
Authors: Fair Damien A. , Miranda-Dominguez Oscar , Snyder Abraham Z. , Perrone Anders , Earl Eric A. , Van Andrew N. , Koller Jonathan M. , Feczko Eric , Klein Rachel L. , Mirro Amy E. , Hampton Jacqueline M. , Adeyemo Babatunde , Laumann Timothy O. , Gratton Caterina , Greene Deanna J. , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Hagler Don , Watts Richard , Garavan Hugh , Barch Deanna M. , Nigg Joel T. , Petersen Steven E. , Dale Anders , Feldstein-Ewing Sarah W. , Nagel Bonnie J. , Dosenbach Nico U.F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHead motion represents one of the greatest technical obstacles for brain MRI. Accurate detection of artifacts induced by head motion requires precise estimation of movement. However, this estimation may be corrupted by factitious effects owing to main field fluctuations generated by body motion. In the current report, we examine head motion estimation in multiband resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study and a comparison ‘single-shot’ dataset from Oregon Health & Science University. We show unequivocally that respirations contaminate movement estimates in functional MRI and that respiration generates apparent head motion not associated with degraded quality of functional MRI. We have developed a novel approach using a band-stop filter that accurately removes these respiratory effects. Subsequently, we demonstrate that utilizing this filter improves post-processing data quality. Lastly, we demonstrate the real-time implementation of motion estimate filtering in our FIRMM (Framewise Integrated Real-Time MRI Monitoring) software package.
Single-cell transcriptomics identifies CD44 as a new marker and regulator of haematopoietic stem cells development
Authors: Oatley Morgan , Bölükbasi Özge Vargel , Svensson Valentine , Shvartsman Maya , Ganter Kerstin , Zirngibl Katharina , Pavlovich Polina V. , Milchevskaya Vladislava , Foteva Vladimira , Natarajan Kedar N. , Baying Bianka , Benes Vladimir , Patil Kiran R. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Lancrin Christophe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT) is the process whereby haemogenic endothelium differentiates into haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The intermediary steps of this process are unclear, in particular the identity of endothelial cells that give rise to HSPCs is unknown. Using single-cell transcriptome analysis and antibody screening we identified CD44 as a new marker of EHT enabling us to isolate robustly the different stages of EHT in the aorta gonad mesonephros (AGM) region. This allowed us to provide a very detailed phenotypical and transcriptional profile for haemogenic endothelial cells, characterising them with high expression of genes related to Notch signalling, TGFbeta/BMP antagonists (Smad6, Smad7 and Bmper) and a downregulation of genes related to glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Moreover, we demonstrated that by inhibiting the interaction between CD44 and its ligand hyaluronan we could block EHT, identifying a new regulator of HSPC development.
Novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles malaria vectors from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jeffries Claire L , Lawrence Gena G , Golovko George , Kristan Mojca , Orsborne James , Spence Kirstin , Hurn Eliot , Bandibabone Janvier , Tantely Michael L , Raharimalala Fara N , Keita Kalil , Camara Denka , Barry Yaya , Wat’senga Francis , Manzambi Emile Z , Afrane Yaw A , Mohammed Abdul R , Abeku Tarekegn A. , Hegde Shivanand , Khanipov Kamil , Pimenova Maria , Fofanov Yuriy , Boyer Sébastien , Irish Seth R , Hughes Grant L , Walker Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnopheles (An.) mosquitoes contain bacteria that can influence Plasmodium parasites. Wolbachia, a common insect endosymbiont, has historically been considered absent from Anopheles but has recently been found in An. gambiae populations. Here, we assessed a range of Anopheles species from five malaria-endemic countries for Wolbachia and Plasmodium infection. Strikingly, we found Wolbachia infections in An. coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s, An. arabiensis, An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’ increasing the number of Anopheles species known to be naturally infected by this endosymbiont. Molecular analysis suggests the presence of phylogenetically diverse novel strains, while qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing indicates that Wolbachia is the dominant member of the microbiota in An. moucheti and An. species ‘A’. We found no evidence of Wolbachia/Asaia co-infections, and presence of these endosymbionts did not have significant effects on malaria prevalence. We discuss the importance of novel Wolbachia strains in Anopheles and potential implications for disease control.