bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Comparison of Cross-Validation and Test Data on Internet Traffic Classification Methods
Authors: Jonathan Oluranti , Omoregbe Nicholas , Misra Sanjay 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we compare two validation methods that are used to estimate the performance of classification algorithms in a non-problem-specific knowledge scenario. One way to measure the performance of a classification algorithm is to determine its prediction error rate. However, this value cannot be calculated but estimated. In this work, we apply and compare two common methods used for estimation namely: test data and cross-validation. Precisely, we analyze and compare the statistical properties of the K-fold cross-validation and test data estimators of the prediction error rates of six classifiers namely; Naïve Bayes, KNN, Random Forest, SVM, J48, and OneR. From the study, the statistical property of repeated cross-validation tends to stabilize the prediction error estimation which in turn reduces the variance of the prediction error estimator when compared with test data. The NIMS dataset collected over a network was employed in the experimental study.
Modelling curves of mean monthly minute-by-minute and hourly relative humidity, air temperature and solar radiation of Ota, Nigeria
Authors: Adepitan J O , Usikalu M R , Falayi E O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Agricultural, biological, environmental and physical processes require one or a combination of temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation. One-minute-data of these parameters for Ota, Nigeria, for September - December 2012 were obtained from meteorological centre of the Department of Physics Covenant University. Using MATLAB, diurnal patterns of mean monthly minute-by-minute and mean monthly hourly were fitted. Fournier, Gaussian, Sum of Sine Functions and Exponential models were also fitted, with the accuracy of the models determined from the Coefficient of Determination (R2), Sum of Square Error (SSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Best-fit-model was Fourier, the worst being Exponential. Best models obtained in case of minute-by-minute basis occurred when R2 = 0.9998, RMSE = 0.02948 and SSE = 1.237 for air temperature; for relative humidity, R2 = 0.9998, RMSE = 0.1007 and SSE = 14.43 while for solar radiation, R2 = 0.9997, RMSE = 9.301 and SSE = 1.23e+005.In case of hourly basis R2 = 0.9991, RMSE = 0.09226 and SSE = 0.8512 for air temperature; for relative humidity, R2 = 0.9984, RMSE = 0.4976 and SSE = 1.981 while for solar radiation, R2 = 0.9995, RMSE = 6.631 and SSE = 351.7. The results can produce input for weather pattern information planning in Ota, Nigeria.
Review on Insider Threat Detection Techniques
Authors: Oladimeji T. O. , Ayo C. K , Adewumi S.E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn insider, also regarded as an employee of a company, becomes a threat when the intention or action can affect the company negatively. Insider threat has been an eminent problem in organizations that has resulted in the loss of trust, confidential data and information. This study seeks to review current existing techniques to insider threat detection and also proffers machine learning technique as the way forward for insider threat detection.
Investigation into Wireless Power Transfer in near Field using Induction Technique
Authors: Usikalu M. R. , Adewole S. A. , Achuka J. A. , Adagunodo T. A. , Abodunrin T. J. , Obafemi L. N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) enables transfer of electric power from the source to electrical load(s) in the absence of any physical link. This mode of transmission is favourable especially when it is not feasible or convenient to connect wires together. In WPT, the most important parameter is the efficiency, where the energy transmitted by the ‘plant’ is obtained by the receiver, thereby defining the economic importance of such system. This study is aimed at showing how electrical energy can be transferred on a near field basis using induction. In order to achieve this aim, the transmitter converts the DC source from an oscillator, with the high frequency AC, which is linked with the wireless power transmitting coil. The experiment showed how electricity can be transmitted at certain distances from a resonating coil. The project showed that the mutual inductance of two coupled coils resonating at a considerably high frequency is proportional to the power output of the systems. It was observed that inductors wrapped around an iron core placed on the same axis to each other with 56 turns of copper wire resulted in a more efficient power transfer and a higher power output than when inductors placed at different axis to each. An instantaneous increase in voltage was also measured while power was gradually built up in the resonating coil. This project can be applied in the industry for the generation transmission of power without conducting cables.
Evaluation of the Effects of some Weather Variables on UHF and VHF Receivers within Benin City, South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ukhurebor K.E. , Olayinka S.A. , Nwankwo W. , Alhasan C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of some essential meteorological variables such as temperature, relative humidity and mean sea level pressure on the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio signals from Edo Broadcasting Service (EBS) transmitting at 743.25 MHz UHF and Very High Frequency (VHF) radio signals from Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) transmitting at 189.25 MHz VHF both in in Benin City, Edo State, South-South region of Nigerialocated within 6°20’17″N and 5°37’32″E was evaluated in this study. The measurements of the radio signal strength from EBS television station and radio signal strength from NTA television station were done using the Digital Community-Access/Cable Television (CATV) analyser, while a self-implemented weather monitoring device was used for the measurement of the weather variables simultaneously at an equidistant position within the City. The measurements were carried out continuously for every six hours (between 12am-1am, 6am-7am, 12pm-1pm and 6pm-7pm local time respectively) all through the year, 2018. From the obtained results, it was observed that the radio signals from both the UHF and VHF television stations were directly proportional to the temperature, inversely proportional to the relative humidity and no defined pattern of proportionality with the mean sea level pressure. Inferentially, the radio signals from the UHF television station were seen to be mostly affected by these weather variables and these effects were more pronounced during the months with high relative humidity compared with the months with lower relative humidity. However, a postulation that would still be subjected to further verification has been proposed from these results. It is believed that these results and proposed postulation would definitely be helpful in guiding and assisting the management of radio communication systems for planning and other purposes.
Link Budget Analysis and Architecture of a Proposed VSAT Based E-Learning System for ARCSSTE-E
Authors: Fashade O.O. , Omotosho T.V. , Akinwumi S. A. , Salu B.O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
E-Learning is aderivative of information technology and has been generally recognized as a modern tool for learning and teaching other than the conventional method of learning (which involves physical contact between the student and the instructor). The case study for the proposed system is the African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) in Nigeria. Thepurposeof the centre is to develop quality indigenous space scientists in English speaking African countries for the development of various application of space science and technology for sustainable national and regional development. Therefore, to accomplish this, the centre plans to develop the skills and knowledge of candidates in four significantareasof space science and technology such as; Remote Sensing & GIS, Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate, Satellite Communication and Basic Space and Atmospheric Sciences. This paper presents the VSAT architecture, link margin calculations and link budget analysis done to implement the proposed VSAT based E-learning system for the Centre. This is a conceptual frame work. The proposed system is to enhance the centre with tremendous potential to reach out to people within Anglophone countries that cannot make it down to ARCSSTE-E due to lack of sponsorship, constraint in time, distance,Financial or other challenges.
The Prospects of Virtual Laboratories in Engineering Education across Africa – A Case Study in Electrical Engineering
Authors: Samuel I , Adenugba F , Adesanya A , Daudu A , Owolabi B , Ogbe D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A lot of African countries are underdeveloped owing to the lack of good education. In most African countries the poor economic health is responsible for the lack of proper infrastructure in the education sector. Therefore, the need for alternative means to educate the future generation arises. In Engineering a lot of laboratory work and apparatus are required, whereas only a few Universities can afford this. In Electrical Engineering for instance,” electrical machines” is a very vital topic that requires a lot of laboratory work. The analysis of induction machines is very expensive to experiment on in the lab, and this machine is the most widely used in the industry. This educational gap means that graduates are underequipped and unable to perform optimally in the industry without rigorous training exercise. This study investigates the use of a virtual laboratory (LabVIEW) to model and analyse induction motors with the aim of achieving results that closely conform to the standard characteristics of induction motors. The results obtained confirm that the use of virtual laboratories should be encouraged where finance is a problem as accurate results were obtained from the study.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Diurnal Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Benson Nsikak U. , Nwokike ChisomG. , Williams Akan B. , Adedapo Adebusayo E. , Fred-Ahmadu Omowunmi H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlobal warming and changes in precipitation patterns are among the major effects of climate change. In this study, the long-term variability in ambient surface temperature and precipitation were evaluated in the north central region of Nigeria (Abuja, Kogi, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau) using meteorological observations obtained from 1975 to 2008. Daily precipitation data from synoptic weather stations were carefully quality-controlled using the RClimdex 1.1 developed by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI). The quality-controlled dataset were homogenized using RHtestsV4 and the detected change points were adjusted. Results showed a decrease in cool nights and cool days (TN10P, TX10P), and increasing trend in warm nights and days (TN90P, TX90P). The trend in rainfall is variable compared to changes in temperature. The precipitation indices indicated increasing trend in total annual precipitation (PRCPTOT), and a significant decrease in the number of consecutive wet days (CWD) in this region. In general, regional changes in climate temperature and precipitation extremes were significant (p < 0.05) and could result in serious climate induced effects.
PCB DESIGN USING LOCAL TECHNOLOGY AND AutoCAD
Authors: Orosun R. O , Orosun M. M , Salawu N.B , Ige S.O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on the production of printed circuit boards for use with both domestic and industrial electronics. The use of printed circuit board (PCB) design software, methods of design transfer to copper boards, etching and post-production tasks were undertaken and are described in detail in this paper. The relevance of this paper is appreciated for its unique ideas and methods of incorporating local technology into modern PCB design with proven reliability, precision and economic advantages.
Analysis of principles of equivalence and suppression in resistivity sounding technique
Authors: Adetola Sanuade Oluseun , Olayide Amosun Joel , David Oyeyemi Kehinde , Adesola Olaojo Abayomi , Sanmi Fagbemigun Tokunbo , Idowu Faloyo Jane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The principles of equivalence and suppression in resistivity sounding technique are phenomena where different resistivity models may produce resistivity curves that are essentially the same. The understanding of these phenomena could be of great importance in using resistivity sounding technique for citing boreholes in places underlain by Basement Complex rocks. In such areas, it would be difficult to identify the fractured/weathered bedrock from the sounding interpretation. This is because the resistivity of the weathered layer is usually intermediate between those of the adjacent layers (i.e. residual overburden) on top and the fresh bedrock below. Therefore, it is important to analyse the problems of suppression and equivalence in resistivity sounding data for estimating thickness and resistivity of the subsurface layers. Several resistivity models were generated ranging from two-layer to five-layer models to investigate these phenomena. The apparent resistivity curves were plotted for these models. The results show that the problems of suppression and equivalence exist in resistivity sounding data. Hence, geophysicists should not make any a priori quantitative inferences using the shape of the resistivity sounding curve.
Investigating the potential of Calophylluminophyllum plant base oil for oil and gas drilling mud operations
Authors: Onuh C. Y. , Dosunmu A. , Anawe P. A. L. , Bolujo E. O. , Olabode O. A. , Ogunkunle T. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The environmental and cost advantage of non-edible plant oil for potential base oil in oil and gas drilling mud formulation is a drive for its use. The seed of Calophylluminophyllumthe plant oil was processed, pulverized, and oil extracted using chemical method. The extracted plant oil and commercial synthetic oil was used to formulate drilling mud and comparative analysis were made using the physicochemical properties of the oil samples, mud rheological properties under sixteen hours and 240 °F aging and non-aging effect for a 7 and 9 g viscosifier, and rheological models in describing the mud. The commercial synthetic oil and Calophylluminophyllum oil shows a flash point of 101 ± 0.1 and 164 ± 0.1; density of 108 and

172

(

kg

m

3

)

; viscosity index of 192 and 163; acid value of NIL and 24.24; and oil yield of NIL and 71 % respectively. The rheological properties of Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud were higher than the synthetic oil-based mud. It was also observed that the increase in temperature and viscosifer decreases and increases the rheological properties respectively of all mud samples. The synthetic and Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud increased in the rheological properties after aging test. In the overall estimation of the root mean square error (RMSE) values, coefficient of determination R
2 values, and the fitted plots analysis. The Herschel Bulkley and the Sisko model had a much better description in predicting the experimental data for the synthetic oil-based mud. The hyperbolic, Herschel Bulkley and Sisko model had good description for the experimental data of the Calophylluminophyllum oil-based mud.
Soil characterisation for precision agriculture using remotely sensed imagery in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Kayode O. T. , Aizebeokhai A. P. , Odukoya A. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Remote sensing techniques have been widely used for spatial assessment of soil properties. Traditional techniques involving soil sampling and laboratory analysis are expensive and labour intensive for large areas. High resolution remote sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) were used for spatial characterization of soil properties in southeast Nigeria. Thesoil parameters investigated include soil texture, pH and drainage pattern. Thetexture, which indicates the sand, silt and clay content in the soil, showed that sandyclay and loamy sand are predominant for the areas investigated. The soils pH ranged from slightly acidic to strongly alkaline. The study has been specifically conducted to making adequate soil data available and acts as a reference for improving soil quality within the area.
A seasonal geo-spatial study of unconsolidated surface stream sediment grain size of Anambra Basin
Authors: Ayogu C.N , Phil-eze P.O. , Ayogu N.O , Iweanya R.I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study is aimed at identifying the characteristics of unconsolidated sediment in the Anambra drainage basin. Grain size parameters determined were: skewness, mean size, sorting, and kurtosis. A measurement of 100gramms of sediment samples were collected at 12 sampled station in rainy and dry season and were oven dried for sieve analysis. At the rainy and dry seasons, sediments mean size (MZ) were dominated by sand which spanned from coarse to fine. Sorting (δ1) ranged from poorly to moderately sorted while skewness (SKi) were positive to negative, while kurtosis (KG) was between leptokurtic to very leptokurtic. The sediment grain size showed no variation with respect to season because p>0.05(mean size (p = .138), sorting (p = .301) and skewness (p = .956).
Aquifer characterization of some parts of Ijebu Igbo using electrical resistivity methods
Authors: Adekoya S.A , Coker J.O , Oladunjoye H.T , Adenuga O.A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Groundwater aquifer mapping is a scientific process, where-in a combination of geologic, geophysical and hydrologic analyses are applied to characterize the quantity, quality and sustainability of groundwater in aquifers. A total of ten (10) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and six (6) two dimensional (2-D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) lines were achieved. The 2-D ERT lines were carried out on a length of about 240 m – 320 m using Dipole-dipole electrode configuration. Acquired 2- D and VES data was processed using RES2DINV and WINRESIST software respectively. The VES results obtained showed that the study area has 3 to 4 geoelectric layers with the following lithology namely; the topsoil, partially weathered, fractured layer and the fresh bedrock. The topsoil has a resistivity value of about 609 Ωm. The thickness and the depth representation of weathered basement and fractured basement vary from one another. They have a resistivity value of about 128 Ωm and 1089 Ωm respectively. The 2-D inverse models obtained from the area showed the presence of vertical contacts and fractured zones that can serve as an aquifer for the surveyed area. The pseudosection of the inversion results unravel the two profiles with saturated fractured basement where adequate groundwater can be obtained. The Iso-Pach map showed high contour closures which are good signature for good to moderate groundwater potential zones on profiles four, five and six (VES 7,8 and 9). In contrast, profiles one, two, three (VES 2 and 6) displayed low closures which depicts low overburden thickness and categorically means poor groundwater potential zones.
Simple and Reliable methods of Estimating Ground Heat Flux at a Tropical location in Nigeria
Authors: Otunla T.A. , Oluwafemi S.M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ground heat flux (Go) plays an important role in the partitioning of energy budget at earth’s surface. The estimates of G0 are required as part of boundary conditions by all general circulation models. In this work, reliability of four simple and computationally cheap models was tested against a more complex and reliable model as the reference. The simple models selected for investigation are: Simple measurement (SM), Percentage of net radiation (PR), Universal function of net radiation (UR), and Linear function of net radiation (LR) models. Force restore model (FR) was used as the reference model.
The data of soil temperature measured at the surface and 0.05 m depth, soil heat flux, measured at 0.05m, and net radiation were obtained from Nigerian Micrometeorological Experiment, Ile Ife. Force restore model was first calibrated with direct measurements for soil heat flux at 0.05 m depth with satisfactory result before it was employed to generate reference G0 estimates. Estimates of SM, PR, UR and LR were compared with FR using simple statistics of coefficient of determination (R2), slope, intercept, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE).
The SM model reproduced the day-time and night-time variations of G0
better than all the models that parameterized G0 as a function of net radiation (R2slope, intercept, RMSE and MBE values of 0.85, 0.87, 3.43W/m232.69, W/m2-3.70 W/m2 respectively). This model however requires measurement of both soil heat flux and temperature. The LR model generated the best estimates of Go
out of all the models that utilized net radiation measurements (R2slope, intercept, RMSE and MBE values are 0.60, 0.58,4.55 W/m2, 53.81 W/m23.60 W/m2 respectively) while UR model is the worst. The LR model, though depend only on one measurement, requires site-specific calibrations and can therefore be deployed for gap filling where SM model cannot be used
Short review on run-off water challenges in developing countries
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Igwe F. , Olowoeshin M. R. , Agiobu T.L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Run-off water has been the main source of water supply in most countries of the world. However, it is prone to pollution that can affect life form when not properly treated. In this short review, the two sources of pollution for run-off water were examined. It was discover that the main agent that affects run-off water in developing countries is variability of atmospheric precipitation.
New process for synthesizing chitosan from snail shells
Authors: Oyekunle Daniel T. , Omoleye James A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chitosan is widely known for its unique properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. It has been used widely in medicine, beverage purification, wastewater treatment, food, and allied industries. The most prevailing method for producing chitosan involve deproteinization, demineralization, decolorization and de-acetylation of chitin. Frequently, during the intermittent intervals of these processes (deproteinization, and demineralization), the products are washed to neutrality, dried before the next phase (discontinuous processes). In this work, we introduce a time and energy saving economic process of demineralization of the deprotenized snail shells through elimination of the drying stage. The yield, moisture content and degree of deacetylation of chitosan produced from the two processes were examined. The chitosan produced from the two processes had similar surface structure and matching FTIR bands. The higher chitosan yield of this energy saving process makes it more economic.
Effect of air pollution on agricultural outcome over Faya
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Emmanuel Okoro Emeka , Samuel Sanni E. , Adagunodo T.A. , Abodunrin T.J. , Emetere J.M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been reported that aerosol deposition on the leaf is absorbed as nutrient. The proximity of Faya to the Sahara desert has contributed immensely to the net aerosol loading over the area. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) was obtained from satellite measurement (Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer). After treating the AOD satellite dataset of fifteen years (2000-2013), aerosol loading over Faya was derived. The dataset is important to understand the yearly aerosol loading influence over the area. In this way, the excess aerosol deposition on the leaf may be detrimental to the health of the plant and hinder its productivity.