bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koinzidenz von Patientenverfügung und Zustimmung zur Organspende: was wünschen die Betroffenen? Eine Befragung deutscher Senioren
Authors: Wagner Elias , Marckmann Georg , Jox Ralf J. 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziele Bei schweren akuten Hirnschädigungen kann es zu Unklarheiten in der Entscheidungsfindung kommen, wenn sowohl eine Patientenverfügung als auch eine Zustimmung zur postmortalen Organspende vorliegen. Bisher ist nicht bekannt, wie die Betroffenen dieses Spannungsverhältnis sehen. Diese Studie sollte ermitteln, wie häufig die Koinzidenz beider Dokumente vorkommt, inwiefern sich die Betroffenen der Spannung zwischen beiden bewusst sind und was sie im Konfliktfall priorisieren würden.
Methoden Semiquantitative Querschnittserhebung unter Seniorinnen und Senioren einer deutschen Großstadt mittels eines literaturbasierten Fragebogens.
Ergebnisse Es nahmen 236 Senioren an der Befragung teil, was 52% aller Eingeladenen entspricht. Eine Patientenverfügung hatten 54% der Teilnehmer, ihre Zustimmung der Organspende hatten 46% schriftlich oder mündlich erklärt. Insgesamt hatten 29% aller Teilnehmer beide schriftlichen Dokumente erstellt; die schriftliche Zustimmung zur Organspende korrelierte signifikant mit dem Vorhandensein einer Patientenverfügung. Nur 47% aller Patientenverfügung enthalten laut ihren Verfassern eine Aussage über die Organspende. Ein Sterben außerhalb der Intensivstation wurde von 51% priorisiert, während 17% mehr Wert darauf legten, ihre Organe zu spenden. Etwa die Hälfte akzeptiert jedoch vorübergehende intensivmedizinische Maßnahmen im Fall eines vermuteten oder erwarteten Hirntodes, aber nur ein Viertel akzeptiert in diesen Zuständen eine kardiopulmonale Reanimation. Das Wissen um den Hirntod war gering und die Einstellung dazu überwiegend kritisch.
Schlussfolgerungen Unter Senioren ist die Koinzidenz von Patientenverfügung und Organspendezustimmung nicht selten und könnte zu den niedrigen Organspenderzahlen beitragen. Die heterogenen Einstellungen der hier Befragten und ihr geringes Wissen um Hirntod und das hier untersuchte Spannungsverhältnis verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit einer qualifizierten Beratung im Sinne des Advance Care Plannings.
Die Unantastbarkeit individueller Freiheitsrechte: Lehren für den ÖGD aus seiner NS-Vergangenheit – Rede des Johann-Peter-Frank-Preisträgers 2018
Authors: Donhauser Johannes 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Preisträgerrede behandelt die Rolle des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (ÖGD) im Nationalsozialismus und die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen für gegenwärtiges Handeln.
Vasoactive Agents for the Management of Variceal Bleeding: A Mixed Treatment Comparison Network Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background Vasoactives such as terlipressin, somatostatin, vasopressin, octreotide and nitrates are commonly used to treat variceal bleeding. The present study is a network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of the above vasoactive agents for treating variceal bleeding.
Methods Electronic databases were searched for appropriate randomized clinical trials evaluating vasoactives in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding. Random-effects model was used to generate the pooled estimates. Mortality was the primary outcome and bleeding control, re-bleeding rate, hospital stay, blood transfusion requirements and adverse events were the secondary outcome measures.
Results Fifty randomized clinical trials were included of which 37 were included for the primary outcome. The overall analysis did not reveal any significant difference in the mortality risk between any of the vaso-active drugs except for terlipressin that had statistically significant benefits from direct pooled estimates. Somatostatin and terlipressin showed significant reduction in the mortality risks at 24 h. Terlipressin significantly reduced re-bleeding rate; somatostatin and vasopressin were associated with better hemostasis; and terlipressin and vasopressin significantly reduced the requirement for blood transfusion. Terlipressin, vasopressin and glyceryltrinitrate/vasopressin were also associated with increased risk of adverse events.
Conclusion Terlipressin could be the best agent in the vasoconstrictor category for managing variceal bleeding. Somatostatin and vasopressin can serve as alternatives.
The Haemostatic Mechanism and Menstruation: The Role of Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices
Authors: Rajah S M , Foley M E , Clayton J K , Aparicio S R , Bird C C , McNicol G P 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe haemostatic mechanism of 40 female patients undergoing menstruation, 20 with intra-uterine devices (IUCD) and 20 without (Control), were studied. The patients’ coagulation profiles, fibrinolytic system and platelet functions were studied before and after hysterectomy. Platelet survival times and platelet consumption was determined using 51Cr. labelled autologous platelets. Patients who menstruated during the study had their pads collected and radioactivity measured. Histology, autoradiography and scintillation counting was performed on uteri obtained from a hysterectomy performed towards the end of the platelet survival study period. There were no significant differences in the coagulation, fibrinolytic and platelet function tests in these 2 groups, though in each group there were the expected changes after operation.Platelet survival time, consumption and radioactivity in the tampons showed no significant differences between the IUCD and control groups, although there were 6 patients with low platelet survival times in the IUCD group. Resected uteri showed surprising lack of concentration of platelets which may have been due in part to loss of blood at operation and handling of the uterus. Surprisingly, in the control patients, platelet survival time in response to the severe haemosatic challenge of menstruation were normal. However in the IUCD group, 6 patients showed shortening of platelet survival. Also surprisingly and equally in both control and IUCD groups, was the small amount of platelet related radioactivity in the menstruating fluid.
Retrosigmoid Craniectomy for Resection of Epidermoid causing Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Amin Anubhav G. , Wainwright John V. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: February 2019

The differential diagnosis for trigeminal neuralgia like-symptoms includes cerebellopontine angle lesions causing regional mass effect upon the trigeminal nerve (Fig. 1). Here we present an operative video manuscript of a patient experiencing trigeminal neuralgia, secondary to an epidermoid cyst, in which a retrosigmoid craniectomy was performed to resect the epidermoid and decompress the trigeminal nerve (Fig. 2). This video highlights the operative nuances to achieving a successful surgery, including appropriate patient positioning, dural exposure to the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction, arachnoid dissection, and decompression of cranial nerves. A gross total resection was achieved; the patient reported immediate relief of facial pain postoperatively and has been pain free at the ten month follow-up.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Ja2eE0uGk4E.
Mulberry juice freeze-dried powder attenuates the disease severity by the maintaining of colon mucosa in mice with DSS-induced acute colitis
Authors: Wang Yang , Hatabu Toshimitsu 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the microbial compositions and gene expression related to inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis and the effect of mulberry supplementation. Male BALB/c mice received a diet supplemented with mulberry juice freeze-dried powder (MFP) or not for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the mice received water containing 5% (w/v) DSS or not for 1 week. The disease activity index score in mice fed MFP was significantly decreased. A significant decrease in Bifidobacterium spp. and the Clostridium perfringens subgroup was observed in mice not fed MFP. The number of goblet cell and NLRP6 expression were observed in mice fed a diet supplemented with MFP compared with mice not fed MFP. These results may indicate that mulberry mitigates DSS-induced acute colitis by a changing the gut microbial flora and by improving mucosal conditions.
The Role of Strategic Uncertainty in Area‐wide Pest Management Decisions of Florida Citrus Growers
Authors: Singerman Ariel , Useche Pilar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe elicit a measure of strategic uncertainty from growers by using an experimental game grounded on the theory of global games. This allows us to achieve the following: propose a mechanism for measuring strategic uncertainty aversion; compare growers' risk aversion to their strategic uncertainty aversion; explore how growers' strategic uncertainty aversion is affected by changes in group size and coordination requirement; and relate a strategic uncertainty aversion measure to growers' actual decisions to participate in an area‐wide pest management program. In our experimental setting, we found that when the coordination requirement for a successful outcome is low, most growers see the strategic uncertainty posed by human interaction as more favorable in terms of expected payoffs relative to a game against nature. In contrast, when the coordination requirement is high, most growers expect lower payoffs and choose to coordinate less. We also found evidence that growers' strong beliefs about neighbors not coordinating negatively impacted their choices to coordinate. Our measure of strategic uncertainty was also found to influence the likelihood of growers to actually coordinate sprays. Our findings help explain why participation in area‐wide pest management to control the vector of citrus greening across Florida has not been as widespread as expected; the strategic uncertainty involved in relying on neighbors has made many growers choose self‐reliance in spraying despite the lower payoff.
Mimicking pollen and spore walls: self-assembly in action
Authors: Gabarayeva Nina I , Grigorjeva Valentina V , Shavarda Alexey L 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDecades of research have attempted to elucidate the underlying developmental mechanisms that give rise to the enormous diversity of pollen and spore exines. The organization of the exine starts with the establishment of an elaborate glycocalyx within which the subsequent accumulation of sporopollenin occurs. Ontogenetic studies using transmission electron microscopy of over 30 species from many different groups have shown that the sequence of structures observed during development of the exine corresponds to the sequence of self-assembling micellar mesophases (including liquid crystals) observed at increasing concentrations of surfactants. This suggested that self-assembly plays an important part in exine pattern determination. Some patterns resembling separate layers of spore and pollen grain walls have been obtained experimentally, in vitro, by self-assembly. However, to firmly establish this idea, columellate and granulate exines, the most widespread forms, needed to be simulated experimentally.MethodsWe used our original method, preparing mixtures of substances analogous to those known to occur in the periplasmic space of developing microspores, then leaving the mixtures undisturbed for specific periods of time to allow the process of self-assembly to occur. We developed our method further by using new substances analogous to those present in the periplasmic space and performing the experiments in a thin layer, more closely resembling the dimensions of the periplasmic space.Key ResultsThe artificial microstructures obtained from our in vitro self-assembly experiments closely resembled the main types of exines, including tectate–columellate, granulate, alveolate and structureless, and permitted comparison with both developing and mature microspore walls. Compared with the previous attempts, we managed to simulate columellate and granulate exines, including lamellate endexine.ConclusionsOur results show that simple physico-chemical interactions are able to generate patterns resembling those found in exines, supporting the idea that exine development in nature involves an interplay between the genome and self-assembly.
Evaluation of drug efficacy based on the spatial position comparison of drug–target interaction centers
Authors: Ding Yu , Wang Hong , Zheng Hewei , Wang Lianzong , Zhang Guosi , Yang Jiaxin , Lu Xiaoyan , Bai Yu , Zhang Haotian , Li Jing , Gao Wenyan , Chen Fukun , Hu Shui , Wu Jingqi , Xu Liangde 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe spatial position and interaction of drugs and their targets is the most important characteristics for understanding a drug’s pharmacological effect, and it could help both in finding new and more precise treatment targets for diseases and in exploring the targeting effects of the new drugs. In this work, we develop a computational pipeline to confirm the spatial interaction relationship of the drugs and their targets and compare the drugs’ efficacies based on the interaction centers. First, we produce a 100-sample set to reconstruct a stable docking model of the confirmed drug–target pairs. Second, we set 5.5 Å as the maximum distance threshold for the drug–amino acid residue atom interaction and construct 3-dimensional interaction surface models. Third, by calculating the spatial position of the 3-dimensional interaction surface center, we develop a comparison strategy for estimating the efficacy of different drug–target pairs. For the 1199 drug–target interactions of the 649 drugs and 355 targets, the drugs that have similar interaction center positions tend to have similar efficacies in disease treatment, especially in the analysis of the 37 targeted relationships between the 15 known anti-cancer drugs and 10 target molecules. Furthermore, the analysis of the unpaired anti-cancer drug and target molecules suggests that there is a potential application for discovering new drug actions using the sampling molecular docking and analyzing method. The comparison of the drug–target interaction center spatial position method better reflect the drug–target interaction situations and could support the discovery of new efficacies among the known anti-cancer drugs.
Using local alignment to enhance single-cell bisulfite sequencing data efficiency
Authors: Wu Peng , Gao Yan , Guo Weilong , Zhu Ping 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Single-cell bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) techniques have been developed for DNA methylation heterogeneity detection and studies with limited materials. However, the data deficiency such as low read mapping ratio is still a critical issue.

Results
We comprehensively characterize single-cell BS-seq data and reveal chimerical molecules to be the major source of alignment failures. These chimerical molecules are produced by recombination of genomic proximal sequences with microhomology regions (MR) after bisulfite conversion. In addition, we find DNA methylation within MR is highly variable, suggesting the necessity of removing these regions to accurately estimate DNA methylation levels. We further develop scBS-map to perform quality control and local alignment of bisulfite sequencing data, chimerical molecule determination and MR removal. Using scBS-map, we show remarkable increases in uniquely mapped reads, genomic coverage and number of CpG sites, and recover more functional elements with precise DNA methylation estimation.

Availability and implementation
The scBS-map software is freely available at https://github.com/wupengomics/scBS-map.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Victims Who Have Done Nothing or Victims Who Have Done Nothing Wrong: Contesting Blame and ‘Innocent Victim’ Status in Transitioning Societies
Authors: Hearty Kevin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBuilding on recent victimological interventions in transitional justice, this article critically examines nuanced interpretations of what an ‘innocent victim’ is in transitioning societies without any agreed legal, political or moral base position on past political violence. It suggests that the term refers to two different types of victims: victims who have done nothing that fit traditional victimological understandings of the blameless, passive ‘ideal victim’ and victims who have done nothing wrong where innocence and blame are open to fundamental political and moral contest. It concludes that the irreconcilability, looseness and adaptability of competing frameworks for understanding the past pose a core victimological disagreement surrounding victims who have done nothing wrong that even a more critically self-reflective approach by victimizers fails to resolve.
Oppositional Designs: Examining How Racial Identity Informs the Critical Design of Art and Space
Authors: Vasudevan Krishnan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study develops upon recent scholarship about subversive design that emerged in response to hegemonic structures such as capitalism, by introducing how racial identity informs disruptive design practices. Based upon a two-year ethnography with nine black artists during a period of racial unrest, this study presents how their experiences as black Americans informed distinctive, critical design dispositions. The participants’ deeply personal and labor-intensive design processes were both technical and political processes that involved intense prototyping, research and self-reflection. Their designs resulted in oppositional films, photography exhibits and paintings that contested racial metonymy through visceral and visual discourses that present black identities and histories within a more complex racial language. The participants also designed empathic spaces where oppositional discourses could take root and that supported communal healing, mourning and celebration. The ethnographic accounts of this study offer a meaningful way to engage and bridge scholarship about race, design and oppositional art.
Dadvertising: Representations of Fatherhood in Procter & Gamble’s Tide Commercials
Authors: Leader Caroline F 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the digital age of branding when advertisements appeal to consumers’ belief systems, Procter & Gamble’s Tide uses ads that feature loving fathers doing the laundry. Building on masculinity studies and branding discourses, I explore representations of Tide’s dads as part of a wave of “dadvertising,” or advertising that uses fathers to represent ideal masculinity centered on involved parenting and emotional vulnerability. The advertisements in my case study show a spectrum of performance, from dads who justify their domestic labor with appeals to hegemonic masculinity to dads who seem at ease in historically feminized roles. All of these examples reveal dadvertising’s root in neoliberal gender politics and commodity activism, wherein evolving masculinities are personalized and commoditized into consumerist actions.
A System for Multi-Passenger Urban Ridesharing Recommendations with Ordered Multiple Stops
Authors: D’Andrea Eleonora , Lazzerini Beatrice , Marcelloni Francesco 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Traffic and air pollution caused by the increasing number of cars have become important issues in nowadays cities. A possible solution is to employ recommender systems for efficient ridesharing among users. These systems, however, typically do not allow specifying ordered stops, thus preventing a large amount of possible users from exploiting ridesharing, e.g. parents leaving kids at school while going to work. Indeed, if a parent desired to share a ride, he/she would need to indicate the following constraint in the path: the stop at school should precede the stop at work. In this paper, we propose a ridesharing recommender, which allows each user to specify an ordered list of stops and suggests efficient ride matches. The ride-matching criterion is based on a dissimilarity between the driver’s path and the shared path, computed as the shortest path on a directed acyclic graph with ordering constraints between the stops defined in the single paths. The dissimilarity value is the detour requested to the driver to visit also the stops of the paths involved in the ride-share, respecting the visiting order of the stops within each path. Results are presented on a case study involving the city of Pisa.
Increased ketone body oxidation provides additional energy for the failing heart without improving cardiac efficiency
Authors: Ho Kim L , Zhang Liyan , Wagg Cory , Al Batran Rami , Gopal Keshav , Levasseur Jody , Leone Teresa , Dyck Jason R B , Ussher John R , Muoio Deborah M , Kelly Daniel P , Lopaschuk Gary D 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe failing heart is energy-starved and inefficient due to perturbations in energy metabolism. Although ketone oxidation has been shown recently to increase in the failing heart, it remains unknown whether this improves cardiac energy production or efficiency. We therefore assessed cardiac metabolism in failing hearts and determined whether increasing ketone oxidation improves cardiac energy production and efficiency.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice underwent sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce pressure overload hypertrophy over 4-weeks. Isolated working hearts from these mice were perfused with radiolabelled β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), glucose, or palmitate to assess cardiac metabolism. Ejection fraction decreased by 45% in TAC mice. Failing hearts had decreased glucose oxidation while palmitate oxidation remained unchanged, resulting in a 35% decrease in energy production. Increasing βOHB levels from 0.2 to 0.6 mM increased ketone oxidation rates from 251 ± 24 to 834 ± 116 nmol·g dry wt−1 · min−1 in TAC hearts, rates which were significantly increased compared to sham hearts and occurred without decreasing glycolysis, glucose, or palmitate oxidation rates. Therefore, the contribution of ketones to energy production in TAC hearts increased to 18% and total energy production increased by 23%. Interestingly, glucose oxidation, in parallel with total ATP production, was also significantly upregulated in hearts upon increasing βOHB levels. However, while overall energy production increased, cardiac efficiency was not improved.ConclusionsIncreasing ketone oxidation rates in failing hearts increases overall energy production without compromising glucose or fatty acid metabolism, albeit without increasing cardiac efficiency.