bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of a Forensic Pathologist in Armed Conflict
Authors: Peerwani Nizam 
Published: June 2018

Wars and armed conflicts by their very nature are cruel and ruthless. In the 17th century, the Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius, widely regarded as the father of public international law, wrote in The Rights of War and Peace Book 3, Chapter 1:VI that “wars, for the attainment of their objects, it cannot be denied, must employ force and terror as their most proper agents.” A forensic pathologist can play a crucial role in armed conflicts because of the unique training that he or she receives, including examination of human remains to determine both the cause and manner of death, and discussing the mechanism of death. Although the obvious role, then, would be to perform exhumation autopsies in mass killings or genocides, being a physician, a forensic pathologist is also uniquely qualified to evaluate and document physical torture, use of excessive force, and use of chemical weapons, as well as violation of medical neutrality in armed conflicts based on prevailing laws and conventions. Most of the investigations this author has conducted, including investigation of Rwanda and Bosnia genocides, violation of medical neutrality and use of excessive force in Bahrain and the Occupied West Bank and Gaza, searching for mass graves in post-Saddam Iraq, documenting mass graves in Bamiyan as well as Dash-t-Layli in Afghanistan after the defeat of the Taliban, and conducting local area capacity assessment in Libya after the fall of Colonel Gadhafi were all sponsored and logistically supported by nongovernmental organizations such as Physicians for Human Rights (USA).
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Certification in New York City: Intra-Agency Guideline Compliance and Variables that May Influence Death Certification
Authors: Pasquale-Styles Melissa A. , Regensburg Margaret , Bao Ruijun 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Differences in certification of similar sudden infant deaths exists among forensic pathologists. This study sought to measure adherence to intra-agency guidelines for infant death certification in one jurisdiction and describe variables that may be associated with the differentiation of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asphyxia, and undetermined death certifications. Methods A retrospective study of deaths at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner identified 427 sudden infant deaths with investigation and autopsy whose cause of death was ruled SIDS, asphyxia, or undetermined. Cases were reviewed for number and types of risk factors for asphyxia, demonstrable evidence of asphyxia, potential competing causes of death, and a doll reenactment. Descriptive and statistical analysis was performed. Results Of 427 deaths, the causes of 100 deaths (23.4%) were ruled asphyxia; 43 (10.0%) SIDS; and 284 (66.5%) undetermined. Forensic pathologists conformed to agency guidelines in 406 deaths (95.1%). Three or more risk factors for asphyxia were found in 328 deaths (76.8%). Demonstrable evidence of asphyxia (40.7%) was most associated with a certification of asphyxia. A potential competing cause of death (20%) was most associated with undetermined. A doll reenactment had little association with certification type. Discussion Guidelines in one agency were effective at limiting incorrect SIDS diagnoses. The interpretation of risk factors can be subjective. Diagnostic overlap occurred in deaths certified differently as SIDS, asphyxia, and undetermined, despite similar findings. Elimination of SIDS as a certification option and better guidelines that help differentiate asphyxia and undetermined deaths are recommended for improved infant death certification.
Medicolegal Death Investigation: Coroner and Forensic Pathology Functions and Processes in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Ranson David L. , Bugeja Lyndal 
Published: June 2018

The medicolegal death investigation in Victoria, Australia is a traditional coroner system based on the model in England and Wales in the early 20th Century. In 1985, the first of a series of legislative amendments were made that proved the vanguard of reform of the coroners' jurisdictions in Australia. The Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (the Institute) was established by the Coroners Act 1985 (Vic.), now the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine Act 1985 (Vic.), to provide forensic pathology, medical, and related scientific services needed by the justice system. In addition to death investigation, other forensic and scientific services are performed by the Institute including: clinical medical examinations and support services for assault victims and perpetrators, forensic toxicology services and molecular biology, and anthropology and odontology services in relation to human identification. Medical and nursing staff provide medical information and support to families in a therapeutic setting, as well as direct referral to clinical medical specialists. This takes place where a medical death investigation procedure uncovers genetic or familial disease that may place other family members at risk of future illness. A donor tissue bank ensures that a death also provides the opportunity for families to donate organs and tissues from the deceased for transplantation. Today, the traditional autopsy is one of several modalities of death investigation with postmortem radiology and imaging playing a significant role. This paper describes the principles and new processes at the Institute that support the coroner in death investigation and prevention as well as the therapeutic services designed to relieve the burden of disease on the community.
Advancing Australia's Agenda for Young Children's Health and Wellbeing: Empirical Insights into Educator Knowledge, Confidence and Intentions in Promoting Children's Learning, Eating, Active Play and Sleep (LEAPS)
Authors: Cleland Phoebe , Byrne Rebecca , Vidgen Helen , Irvine Susan , Farrell Ann , Gallegos Danielle 
Published: June 2018

EDUCATORS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD education and care (ECEC) settings play a critical role in advancing Australia's agenda for children's health and wellbeing. The LEAPS (Learning, Eating, Active Play, Sleep) professional development program was designed to acknowledge and improve educator knowledge of national healthy eating and physical activity guidelines, as a critical foundation for health and wellbeing of children and families. The program consisted of online reading and face-to-face professional development. Change in educator knowledge and confidence was assessed via pre- and post-questionnaire, with two additional open-ended questions regarding intention to change practice post-program. Educators (n = 765) participating in LEAPS increased their knowledge of nutrition and physical activity guidelines, and planned to implement practice changes as a result—namely communication of healthy eating and physical activity messages with colleagues, parents and children; and engaging parents in these areas within their service. Professional development regarding health guidelines is important to support evidence-based communication between educators and parents.
”Man får hjälp då man behöver” - äldre närståendevårdtagares vårdval ur ett livsloppsperspektiv
Authors: Åkerman Sarah , Nyqvist Fredrica , Nygård Mikael 
Published: June 2018

Den demografiska utvecklingen leder till omorganiseringar inom den finländska äldreomsorgen. Privatisering, marknadisering och närståendevård ökar med konsekvenser för vårdbehövande och deras anhöriga. Temat för den här artikeln är närståendevård. Tidigare forskning har fokuserat i större utsträckning på vårdarna, trots att också vårdtagaren är en aktiv part i vården. Enligt livsloppsperspektivet ses åldrande som en livslång process. En individs livslopp påverkas av de begränsningar och möjligheter som styr hennes val och handlingar i en specifik historisk och social kontext. I den här studien har sju vårdtagare intervjuats med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Syftet var att studera äldre närståendevårdtagares vårdval ur ett livsloppsperspektiv. Studiens frågeställningar var: hur kan bakgrunden till närståendevårdtagarnas vårdval förstås ur ett livsloppsperspektiv? Vad har vårdtagarna för tankar om framtiden? Resultaten visade att valet av närståendevård påverkades av den personliga bakgrunden och relationen till närståendevårdaren, men även av delvis negativa attityder till formell äldreomsorg. Vårdtagarna oroade sig för framtida vårdarrangemang.
”You receive help when you need it” – older informal care recipients’ care choice from a life course perspective
Demographic development leads to increasing privatization, marketization and informal care in Finnish eldercare. The theme for this study is informal care. Previous research has focused on caregivers, even though the recipient is also an active part in care. According to the life course perspective, ageing is a lifelong process that takes place in a historical and social context. Seven older informal care recipients have been interviewed using qualitative semi-structured interviews. The aim was to study older informal care recipients’ care choice from a life course perspective. The research questions were: how can the background of the recipients’ care choice be understood from a life course perspective? What are the recipients’ thoughts on the future? The results showed that the care recipients’ choice was affected by personal reasons and the relationship with the caregiver, but also by partly negative attitudes towards formal eldercare. The care recipients worried about future arrangements.
CONTRADICTORY TRANSFORMATION OF AMBA NOVEL: CRITICAL RESPONSE WITH INTERTEXTUALITY APPROACH
Authors: Tri Priyatni Endah 
Published: June 2018

Amba, a novel written by Laksmi Pamuntjak, is one of the leading works in Indonesian literature and is classified as a world-class novel. From its title, characters involved, theme and story ideas, as well as excerpts taken from Udyoga Parva at the beginning of each chapter, it can be concluded that Amba is a transformation of Mahabharata, a great and famous story. What is transformed? What are the underlying motif and ideology for the transformation? And what are their effects? Those three questions are the focus of this research. The study was conducted using intertextuality approach (comparison technique) and critical response perspective, which states that no text is neutral; each text has a certain tendency – certain ideologies exposed behind the text. Research findings indicate that it is the intrinsic element that is absorbed by the novel. The transformation is a contradictory transformation with the perspective of emancipation. The author rejects the weak-willed Amba in the story of Bhisma Parwa, and gives birth to a tough, brave, and rational Amba in her novel. The contradictory transformation gives birth to a great work that has the same theme, but different in the ways of cultivating the story and the portrayal of women. Keywords: contradictory transformation, novel amba, critical response, intertextuality approach, literatureCite as: Priyatni, E.T. (2016). Contradictory transformation of Amba novel: Critical response with intertextuality approach. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1(1), 46-59.
ESL INSTRUCTORS AND LEARNERS’ VIEWS ON THE USE OF DROPBOX AS A SHARING TOOL IN WRITING LESSONS
Authors: Mohamed Misrah , Bahari Aireen Aina 
Published: June 2018

Many researchers have been investigating ways to improve learners’ writing competency through various strategies. However, there are very few, if any, that look into ESL learners’ participation in an online discussion using Dropbox during writing lessons. How learners and instructors perceive the use of Dropbox for writing activities has also not been well informed. Therefore, this article aims to present a study that investigated the online interactions among 54 learners and two instructors from a local university in Malaysia who used Dropbox as a complementary tool in their English writing lessons. The study was a qualitative research which involved interviews and focus groups. The data collected was analysed using a qualitative data analysis software, Atlas.ti version 7. The findings revealed that instructors and learners had positive views towards the use of Dropbox in a writing lesson. It was also found that instructors and learners agreed Dropbox was an effective sharing tool for collaborative writing. The findings, however, pointed to the need for future studies on various ways Dropbox can be used to keep learners’ motivation high. Keywords: Dropbox, ESL learners, online interactions, sharing tools, writing skillsCite as: Mohamed, M. & Bahari, A.A. (2016). ESL instructors and learners’ views on the use of Dropbox as a sharing tool in writing lessons. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 1(2), 1-10.
TURNING THE TIDE: PROTEST POEMS ON MARTIAL LAW AS COUNTER-MEMORY
Authors: Majul Mary Ann Marcelino 
Published: June 2018

Memories of Martial Law and the burial of strongman Ferdinand Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani on November 2016 prompted artists and writers to converge at a common platform—that of safeguarding national consciousness from the impending rewriting of history. Using Foucault’s concept of counter-memory, this paper attempted to illustrate how literature, specifically protest poetry, can be used to interrogate perceptions and knowledge of events and personalities on Martial Law. Six poems namely “Open Letters to Filipino Artists,” “A Furnace,” “Still Life for Mendiola,” “A Metaphysical Dialogue Between the Bronze Man and the Great Stone Face,” “Third World Opera,” and “Dead Man’s Tale” were used to challenge the existing texts written on Martial Law. The results revealed that literature can either deceive or enlighten readers. It also remains an important site where ideology is articulated and truth is interrogated.Keywords: Martial Law, counter-memory, protest poems, alternative history, subjugated knowledge Cite as: Majul, M.A.M. (2017). Turning the tide: Protest poems on martial law as counter-memory. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 111-121.
THE REVIEW OF THE WORDS ADNA AL-ARD AND AL-‘ANKABUT IN MALAY TRANSLATION OF HOLY QURAN: ANALYSIS GUIDED BY SCIENCE-ORIENTED EXEGESIS METHODOLOGY
Authors: Ahmad Hilmi Ahmad Bazli , Mohd Yusoff Zulkfli , Amir Selamat , Zakaria Zulkarnin 
Published: June 2018

The idea for the translation of the meaning of the Holy Quran in Malay Archipelago had appeared since the middle of 17th century. However, some problems in the translation of its meaning had resulted in a non-accurate translation of Quranic words or verses. A major factor contributing to this problem is the limited skills among the translators in the various fields and topics covered in Quran. Thus, a Review Committee for the Translation of the Meaning of Al-Quran consisting of experts in various field of knowledge related to Quran such as Arabic language, the target language, Quran interpretation and other disciplines such as history, geography, chemistry, biology, medicine and others that have been proposed. This article analyses two Malay translations of Holy Quran; Tafsir Pimpinan ar-Rahman and Tafsir Quran Karim guided by science-oriented exegesis (tafsir ‘ilmi) to find out whether the translation of meaning matches modern scientific facts. The accurate translation of the verse will then be proposed. The result revealed limitation in the translation of the meaning for the word adna Al-Ard to “nearest place”, while the word has various meaning. With regard to the interpretation of the mufassir and modern science fact, the suggested meaning for the word adna Al-Ard is supposed to be “the nearest place with lowest altitude”. Cite as: Hilmi, A.B.A., Mohd Yusoff, Z., Amir, S., & Zakaria, Z. (2017). The review of the words adna al-ard and al-‘ankabut in Malay translation of holy Quran: Analysis guided by science-oriented exegesis methodology. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 146-158.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE AND THE LAW OF QISAS
Authors: Karim Ridoan , Newaz Shah , Kabir Ahmed Imran 
Published: June 2018

Discussion on penology generally revolves around the philosophy behind the ‘punishment’ and its ‘implementation’ in order to maintain a crime-free, harmonious society. To understand the philosophy of the major school of thoughts for punishment, this paper discusses the theory of retributivism as a punishment mechanism and relates it to Qisas - the theory of punishment that hinges on Islamic criminal law jurisprudence. The objective of this paper is to compare the retributive concept of punishment with the Islamic theory of Qisas and to unravel how Islam attempts to establish justice through punishment while implementing forgiveness. It is significant to note that we can find a nexus between the retributive and Qisas school of theory that perpetrators should be punished as a consequence of the crime or an act that is against norms of the community. Nonetheless, this paper concludes that Qisas is quite distinct from the concept of retributivism in the case of punishment. Whereas the core of the retributive justice system is to put the moral blame on the offender for the offence and to provide justice through similar punishment; the law of Qisas is more concerned with the fairness and forgivingness.Keywords: Forgiveness, Islamic criminal law, punishment, retributive justice, QisasCite as: Karim, R., Newaz, S., & Kabir, A.I. (2017). A comparative analysis of retributive justice and the law of qisas. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 169-177.
SASTERA NASIONAL: ANTARA SASTERA INGGERIS DAN SASTERA MELAYU<br>[NATIONAL LITERATURE: BETWEEN THE ENGLISH LITERATURE AND MALAY LITERATURE]
Authors: Ismail Hashim 
Published: June 2018

Malay literature is hoped to unite the multi-racial Malaysian through the use of Malay Language which is the national language of the country. However, the recognition of Malay literature as national literature is not free from criticsm. This national identity began to be contested with the arrival of postmodernism. This qualitative research employed descriptive and comparative methods to provide insights into the importance of having national literature that is written in Malay language. This paper also discusses whether literature written in English should be recognized as the national literature since the language emerges as the global language used by people from different backgrounds. The main data sources are the views of two national poets -Muhmamad Haji Salleh and Wong Phui Nam - which were critically compared and synthesized. This paper concludes that Malay literature should remain as national literature whilst literature written in other languages should be allowed to flourish in their own unique ways. Keywords: National literature, Malaysian literature, sectional literature, Malay literature, contemporary Malay literatureCite as: Ismail, H. (2017). Sastera nasional: Antara sastera Inggeris dan sastera Melayu [National literature: Between the English literature and Malay literature]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 178-187. AbstrakSastera Melayu sebagai sastera yang menyatukan semua kaum sama ada kaum bumiputera atau bukan bumiputera adalah sudah jelas, namun pandangan untuk mencabar kedudukan sastera Melayu sebagai sastera kebangsaan sentiasa muncul dalam bentuk polemik. Setelah globalisasi menjadi satu bentuk perubahan pemikiran pascamoden, persoalan berteraskan satu kaum dipertikaikan atau mula disemak kembali. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah deskripsi dan perbandingan untuk membincangkan kepentingan penggunaan Bahasa Melayu dalam sastera kebangsaan. Kajian ini juga membincangkan sama ada kita wajar menerima sastera berbahasa Inggeris yang dipandang oleh setengah pihak sebagai bahasa penyatuan baharu dunia sastera. Sumber data utama adalah hujah-hujah yang dilontarkan oleh dua orang ahli sastera negara iaitu Muhmamad Haji Salleh dan Wong Phui Nam. Kajian ini menegaskan bahawa Sastera Melayu perlu kekal sebagai sastera kebangsaan manakalan sastera bukan berbahasa Melayu boleh berkembang dengan sendirinya mengikut acuan masing-masing.Kata Kunci: Sastera kebangsaan, sastera Malaysia, sastera etnik, sastera Melayu, sastera Melayu mutakhir
THE CONCEPT OF PANGAWINAN IN THE MUSIC PERFORMANCE OF TALEMPONG RENJEANG ANAM SALABUHANIN LUHAK NAN TIGO MINANGKABAU
Authors: Sastra Andar Indra , Anwar Od.M. , Ibrahim Mohd Nazir 
Published: June 2018

This article discusses the concept of Pangawinan in the performance of talempong Renjeang Anam Salabuhan in Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. As a concept, there are two different understandings of pangawinan, namely: (1) pangawinan with a small ‘p’, which is the philosophical basis for the formation of a pair of talempong as a musical system – implemented through the methods lipek duo and dipatukakan (doubling and interchanging); (2) Pangawinan with a capital ‘P’, which is used to refer to a pair of talempong, Pangawinan – Paningkah duo. As a musical system, talempong renjeang consists of three pairs of talempong instruments, known as the talempong Jantan, talempong Paningkah or Paningkah Satu, and talempong Pangawinan or Paningkah Duo. This research employed a theoretical concept based on the philosophy tali tigo sapilin, tungku nan tigo sajarangan – a three-way pattern; a trilogy of reasoning in the Minangkabau community. The formation of the three-way pattern begins with a two-way or bipolar pattern, and the third position emerges as a counterbalance to create harmony. The main data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentations. The findings show that the concept of pangawinan in the performance of talempong renjeang anam salabuhan functions to provide a certainty in the creation of the talempong melody (guguah) in order to achieve raso batalun (aesthetical pleasure).Keywords: Indonesia, Luhak Nan Tigo, Minangkabau, pangawinan, talempong renjeang anam salabuhanCite as: Sastra, A.I., Anwar, Od.M. Ibrahim, M.N. (2017). The concept of Pangawinan in the music performance of Talempong Renjeang Anam Salabuhanin Luhak Nan Tigo Minangkabau. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 333-347.
WHEN SCIENCE BECOMES AN APPROACH IN EARLY LEARNING: KNOW IT, UNDERSTAND IT AND DO IT!
Authors: , Qonita , Syaodih Ernawulan , Mulyana Edi Hendri 
Published: June 2018

This review paper aims to explain and reinforce the view of how to teach science in early childhood education. Cuurrently, the need and interest of the community towards science are quite high. Science provides many contributions to various aspects of life including aspects of child development. Essentially, science is the process of discovering new knowledge through empirical experience. Science learning for children begins when the child shows interest and curiosity to the world around them. Science can be used as an approach by involving three components that is content, process, and attitudes that are holistically packaged and integrated into a series of learning processes and daily life of children because science can bedone almost in all activities. However, educators still understand science partially, they regard science as a branch of science that only focuses on mastering the concept of theory, whereas science includes how to work, to think, and to solve problems. Through a learning approach developed from a science process approach, children are encouraged to actively observe, question, collect information, reason, and communicate their new knowledge. Although this approach is based on constructivism, educators still have an important role in supporting learning by having sufficient science ability.Keywords: Early childhood, Indonesia, science, 21st century education, pedagogyCite as: Qonita, Syaodih, E., & Mulyana, E.H. (2017). When science becomes an approach in early learning: Know it, understand it and do it!. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 98-106.