bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constant Scalar Curvature Equation and Regularity of Its Weak Solution
Authors: He Weiyong , Zeng Yu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study the constant scalar curvature equation (CSCK), a nonlinear fourth‐order elliptic equation, and its weak solutions on Kähler manifolds. We first define the notion of a weak solution of CSCK for an L∞ Kähler metric. The main result is to show that such a weak solution (with uniform L∞ bound) is smooth. As an application, this answers in part a conjecture of Chen regarding the regularity of K‐energy minimizers. The new technical ingredient is a W2, 2 regularity result for the Laplacian equation Δgu=f on Kähler manifolds, where the metric has only L∞ coefficients. It is well‐known that such a W2, 2 regularity (W2, p regularity for any p > 1) fails in general (except for dimension 2) for uniform elliptic equations of the form for aij ∊ L∞ without certain smallness assumptions on the local oscillation of aij. We observe that the Kähler condition plays an essential role in obtaining a W2, 2 regularity for elliptic equations with only L∞ elliptic coefficients on compact manifolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Logic minimization and wide fan‐in issues in DPL‐based cryptocircuits against power analysis attacks
Authors: Tena‐Sánchez Erica , Acosta Antonio J. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper discusses the use of logic minimization techniques and wide fan‐in primitives and how the design and evaluation of combinational blocks for full‐custom dual‐precharge‐logic‐based cryptocircuits affect security, power consumption, and hardware resources. Generalized procedures for obtaining optimized solutions were developed and applied to the gate‐level design of substitution boxes, widely used in block ciphers, using sense‐amplifier–based logic in a 90‐nm technology. The security of several proposals was evaluated with simulation‐based correlation power analysis attacks, using the secret key measurements to disclosure metric. The simulation results showed increased security‐power‐delay figures for our proposals and, surprisingly, indicated that those solutions which minimized area occupation were both the most secure and the most power‐efficient.
Performance evaluation of Wi‐Fi and WiMAX over OFDM physical layer
Authors: Ba Papa Ndiaga , Rodrigues Joel , Korotaev Valery , Al‐Muhtadi Jalal , Ouya Samuel , Maiga Amadou Seidou 
Published: December 2018

SummaryOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an alternative technology that is constrained to keep up with the increasingly high data transmission rate due to its robustness against selective frequency fading and its resistance to intersymbol interference (ISI). This paper aims to study and optimize its performance, namely, its probability of communication failure and signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) metrics. The mathematical tool used to perform OFDM evaluation and analysis is the Fourier transform and its properties. The obtained results of those equations led to the demonstration of the probability of communication outage and to notice that the cutoff time occurs after the 10th iteration for values of λ less than or equal to 1. It could also be checked that this period is small if λ exceeds 1 by considering the sensitivity factor. Moreover, for the obtained results, in terms of bit error rate (BER) and SINR, the influence of the modulation on the error vector magnitude (EVM) shows the sensitivity factor Ω presents a key role in the transmission chain.
Characteristics of sediment affecting monomethylmercury accumulation in benthic fish of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Choi Hyojung , Jeong Eunji , Nguyen Viet Huu , Hanh Dang Vu Bich , Dan Nguyen Phuoc , Shin Kyung-Hoon , Han Seunghee 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The Mekong River Delta (Vietnam) is a flat, low-lying area formed by a dense network of main tributaries of the Tien and Hau Rivers, providing a nourishing habitat for aquatic organisms. A sediment survey of the total mercury (Hg), monomethylmercury (MMHg), and geochemical variables was carried out from the coast to 131 km upriver to establish an overview of the environmental factors affecting the bioaccumulation of Hg and MMHg in delta fish. The survey results revealed that the total Hg (12–90 ng g–1) and MMHg (0.014–1.5 ng g–1) concentrations were in the range of uncontaminated sediment. Statistical analysis using various geochemical factors demonstrated that sediment MMHg concentrations and fractions of MMHg over total Hg in sediment were higher at sites with higher total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen sites. The current levels of TOC in Mekong Delta sediment are relatively low (0.2–1.5%); however, expanding dam constructions and aquacultures related to salinity intrusion are reinforcing the carbon burial rate by increasing the fine fractions. Based on the positive relationship found between MMHg and TOC in sediment, proper management efforts are necessary to reduce MMHg production in the Mekong River Delta sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:503–510. © 2018 SETAC
Numerical simulations of a full‐scale cable tray fire using small‐scale test data
Authors: Beji Tarek , Merci Bart 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based modeling strategy for the prediction of cable tray fire development. The methodology is applied to a set of five horizontal trays (each 2.4‐m long and 0.45‐m wide) that are positioned with a 0.3‐m vertical spacing and set up against an insulated wall. Each tray contains 49 power PVC cables. Ignition is performed with an 80‐kW propane burner centrally positioned at 0.2 m below the lowest tray. A collection of four groups of cables per tray (made of one homogeneous material) is considered. These groups are separated by longitudinal slots of air to “mimic” their relatively “loose arrangement.” The thermal properties and surface ignition temperature are estimated from cone calorimetry (CC). When the ignition temperature is reached, the cables burn according to a prescribed heat release rate per unit area (HRRPUA) profile obtained from CC, as is or in a modified shape. A realistic flame pattern is predicted. Furthermore, using only data from CC, the peak HRR is underpredicted, and the time to reach the peak is overpredicted. The proposed “design” for the modified HRRPUA CC‐profile significantly improves the results.
Depth of invasion as a predictor of nodal disease and survival in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tam Samantha , Amit Moran , Zafereo Mark , Bell Diana , Weber Randal S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundDepth of invasion (DOI) in oral cavity cancer is important in determining prognosis. This study aims to determine optimal cut‐points of DOI for detection of occult disease and survival.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was completed of previously untreated early stage lateral oral tongue cancer. DOI cut‐points were computed. Multiple logistic regression and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess predictors of occult nodal disease and overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsOccult nodal disease was found in 55 (26%) of the 212 patients. DOI of 7.25 mm was most predictive for occult nodal disease and 8 mm for OS and DSS. DOI was an independent predictor of OS and DSS.ConclusionThe optimal DOI cut‐point for detection of occult nodal metastasis was 7.25 and 8 mm for OS and DSS at 5 years. DOI is an independent predictor of OS and DSS.
Photopolymerization of Ionic Liquids – A Mutually Beneficial Approach for Materials Fabrication
Authors: Guterman Ryan , Smith Christene A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhotopolymerization is a convenient fabrication technique with the power to control the polymerization in both time and space, be solvent free, and use simple equipment to initiate the polymerization reaction. These features are conditional on use of liquid monomers and crosslinkers that do not require solvent for processing. One class of compounds that provides these opportunities are ionic liquid (IL) monomers, which possess negligible vapour pressure and are free‐flowing liquids at room temperature. For these reasons, ILs and photopolymerization are complementary to each other towards the fabrication of electrolyte materials by circumventing the innate difficulty in processing PILs as melts. Instead, the electrolyte polymer is formed as a crosslinked material directly where it will be used. In this review, we outline recent work demonstrating the key benefits of this unlikely marriage, including formulation design, applications in coatings, membranes, and others.
The Closer the Better? The Perils of an Exclusive Focus on Close Reading
Authors: Brewer Meaghan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractScholarship in literacy and education has depicted reading as an active, multidimensional, and complex process. However, an often more reductive version of reading, close reading, has been advocated frequently for use in secondary and postsecondary literacy classrooms. The author examines materials created to help teachers implement close reading strategies to demonstrate the New Critical assumptions that undergird some close reading pedagogies. The author ends by recommending genre analysis as a way for educators to broaden students’ conceptions of reading.
Reagent‐free and pH‐independent degradation of N‐nitrosamines using electrons generated via corona discharge at ambient pressure
Authors: Zhuang Meihui , Li Hongbao , Jiang Jun , Huang Guangming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTraditional degradation methods for N‐nitrosamines are either confined with acid solution or required for additional chemical reagents to guarantee high reaction efficiency. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and effective way for reagent‐free and pH‐independent degradation of N‐nitrosamines, which was induced by free electrons generated via corona discharge at ambient pressure. The highly reactive free electron is produced in situ and responsible for degradation of three N‐nitrosamines, which was also theoretically confirmed. N‐nitrosamines were believed to be reduced by electrons and to form the radical anion, which underwent a selectively heterolytic cleavage of the N–NO bonds to form the corresponding secondary amines as the degradation products.
Effects ofAngelica gigasNakai on the production of decursin‐ and decursinol angelate‐enriched eggs
Authors: Fontamillas Giselle Ann D , Kim Si Won , Kim Hoy‐Ung , Kim Sung‐Jo , Kim Jong Geun , Park Tae Sub , Park Byung‐Chul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe livestock industry requires high‐quality products, as well as improved productivity. There have been many studies regarding the utilization of feed additives aiming to increase productivity, enhance immune functions and prevent infectious diseases in livestock. Biofunctional feed additives would be beneficial not only for animal health, but also for consumers. In the present study, we utilized root and byproduct (stem and leaf) powders ofAngelica gigasNakai (AGN, Korean Danggui) as feed additives and examined the deposition of biofunctional compounds, such as decursin and decursinol angelate, into egg white and yolk.RESULTSWe optimized the detection system for decursin and decursinol angelate, and determined the amounts of decursin and decursinol angelate derived from AGN byproducts (stem and leaf) as well as root. In Experiment 1, laying hens were fed with the dried AGN root powder and the effective compounds were detected in egg white and yolk. Subsequently, in Experiment 2, we examined AGN byproducts as an alternative feeding supplement. Additionally, biochemical parameters were analyzed to evaluate changes in the health of the hens by feeding AGN root powder. The results obtained indicated that decursin and decursinol angelate were stably transferred into egg white and yolk by feeding AGN byproducts as well as root. Intriguingly, plasma cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in a dose‐dependent manner, and those of interleukin‐1β, as an immune‐related biomarker, were considerably increased in the treated hens.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that AGN root and byproducts (stem and leaf) could be utilized for the production of value‐added eggs and improving the health of hens in the poultry industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Projected Long‐Chain n‐3 Fatty Acid Intake Post‐Replacement of Vegetables Oils with Stearidonic Acid‐Modified Varieties: Results from a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 Analysis
Authors: Bowen Kate J. , Richter Chesney K. , Skulas‐Ray Ann C. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake is well below the amount recommended by the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (0.25 g/day), supporting the need for alternative dietary sources. Stearidonic acid (SDA)‐enriched soybeans were bioengineered to endogenously synthesize SDA, which can be readily metabolized to EPA in humans; thus, incorporating the derived SDA‐enriched soybean oil into the food supply is a potential strategy to increase EPA. We performed a dietary modeling exercise using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008 repeat 24‐h dietary recall data (n = 24,621) to estimate the potential contribution of SDA‐enriched oils to total long‐chain n‐3 fatty acid intake (defined as EPA + DHA + EPA‐equivalents) following two hypothetical scenarios: (1) replacement of regular soybean oil with SDA soybean oil and (2) replacement of four common vegetable oils (corn, canola, cottonseed, and soybean) with respective SDA‐modified varieties. Estimated median daily intakes increased from 0.11 to 0.16 g/day post‐replacement of regular soybean oil with SDA‐modified soybean oil, and to 0.21 g/day post‐replacement of four oils with SDA‐modified oil; the corresponding mean intakes were 0.17, 0.27, and 0.44 g/day, respectively. The percent of the population who met the 0.25 g/day recommendation increased from at least 10% to at least 30% and 40% in scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. Additional strategies are needed to ensure the majority of the US population achieve EPA and DHA recommendations, and should be assessed using methods designed to estimate the distribution of usual intake of these episodically consumed nutrients.
Biogeography of zooplankton feeding strategy
Authors: Prowe A. E. Friederike , Visser André W. , Andersen Ken H. , Chiba Sanae , Kiørboe Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe trait‐based approach is increasingly used in plankton ecology to understand diversity, community dynamics, and biogeography. While on the global scale phytoplankton traits are fairly well established, zooplankton traits are only beginning to be understood. One taxa‐transcending aspect of zooplankton diversity is the distinction between ambush and active feeding strategies. We present a global‐scale empirical estimate of feeding strategy derived from copepod abundance observations, which for the first time suggests a distinct trait biogeography with ambush feeding as the dominant feeding strategy at higher, but not at lower latitudes. To explain this trait biogeography, we develop a minimalist trade‐off based model of feeding strategies based on encounter rates between zooplankton predators and their phyto‐ and zooplankton prey. Encounter rates are governed by the two traits, size and motility, that trade off against predation risk. Coupled to a three‐dimensional dynamic green ocean model, our idealized encounter model captures the observed feeding strategy biogeography. In the model, this pattern arises from competing dominant food chains within the food web and is shaped by a trophic trait cascade of active vs. passive feeding in adjacent trophic levels. The dominant feeding strategy structures the pathways and efficiency of energy and biomass transfer through the model food web, with consequences for primary production, export and higher trophic levels. Understanding feeding strategies is therefore important for fisheries, biogeochemical cycling, and long‐term predictions of ecosystem dynamics and functioning by global dynamic green ocean models.
Coupled long‐term limnological data and sedimentary records reveal new control on water quality in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Walsh Jake R. , Corman Jessica R. , Munoz Samuel E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHuman impacts on freshwater ecosystems are pervasive, but the short and discontinuous nature of most datasets limits our ability to understand the controls on water quality and effectively manage freshwater resources. We examine change in Lake Mendota (Madison, Wisconsin) over the last two centuries by pairing analyses of a sedimentary archive with the site's > 100 yr limnological record. We show that eutrophication of the lake, evident as an abrupt shift in sediment composition, began in the late 19th century following the intensification of urban and agricultural land use in the watershed. Efforts to address deterioration of lake water quality, including the removal of point‐source pollutants and biomanipulation, have had a measurable influence on sediment composition and water clarity. Since the early 1980s, quasi‐seasonal cycles of phytoplankton blooms have induced calcite precipitation, leaving distinct laminations in the sedimentary record. These “whiting events” evidently did not accumulate in lake sediments until the late 20th century, indicating that efforts to remediate water quality have shifted the lake to a new ecosystem state. Calcite whitings can improve water quality in eutrophic lakes by coprecipitation with phosphate, increasing phosphorus (P) burial in lake sediments. Using long‐term limnological records, we report negative correlations between calcite saturation indices and P in lake surface waters and show that calcite whitings could partially explain recent P decline in Lake Mendota surface waters. Our study reveals a previously uncharacterized potential control on water quality in this eutrophic lake and demonstrates the benefit of coupling long‐term limnological data with sedimentary records.
Fractional Kirchhoff problem with critical indefinite nonlinearity
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , He Xiaoming , Mishra Pawan Kumar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a family of fractional Kirchhoff equations with critical nonlinearity of the form
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201800044:mana201800044-math-0001where is a smooth bounded domain, and . Here M is the Kirchhoff coefficient and is the fractional critical Sobolev exponent. The parameter λ is positive and the is a real valued continuous function which is allowed to change sign. By using a variational approach based on the idea of Nehari manifold technique, we combine effects of a sublinear and a superlinear term to prove our main results.
Synthesis of Negative‐Charged Metal‐Containing Cyclomatrix Polyphosphazene Microspheres Based on Polyoxometalates and Application in Charge‐Selective Dye Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Junping , Miao Zhiliang , Yan Jing , Zhang Xue , Li Xuezhuang , Zhang Qiuyu , Yan Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA negative‐charged, metal‐containing cyclomatrix polyphosphazene microsphere (MCPM) is synthesized using the strategy of precipitation polymerization of di‐functionalized polyoxometalates (POMs) and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. The chemical structure of these MCPMs is well characterized by 13C MAS NMR and 31P MAS NMR, as well as FT‐IR, electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The covalent grafting of the rigid POMs clusters into the framework of these microspheres prevents the collapsing of the pores, making these MCPMs porous materials. Taking advantage of the porous structure and the negative charges in the frameworks, these materials show interesting charge‐selective adsorption properties, as demonstrated by the selective adsorption of positive‐charged dyes in comparison with negative‐charged dyes.
Design of wide‐band dual‐polarized antennas with plate for improving gain characteristics
Authors: Choi Hwan‐Gi , Choi Hak‐Keun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article, a wideband dual‐polarized antenna that can be used in the 1.7‐3.7 GHz band is proposed. The proposed antenna is a dual‐polarized antenna with a plate having a parasitic elements and it improves the gain characteristics in wide‐band. In general, an antenna with a reflection plate is difficult to have a constant gain characteristic in the wide‐band, because the electrical distance between the radiation elements and the reflection plate is variable for the bandwidth. In this article, a parasitic element is assigned to the front side of the radiation element to improve the gain of the band in which the characteristic is degraded. The proposed antenna has the VSWR < 2:1 in the band of 1540‐3795 MHz (84.5% of center frequency) and has a gain of 7.92 dBi or more at the measured frequency.
The mechanics of urethral closure, incontinence, and midurethral sling repair Part 3 surgical applications (1990‐2016)
Authors: Petros Peter , Abendstein Burghard 
Published: December 2018

Part 3 briefly summarizes further development in midurethral sling (MUS) instruments and technique following the 1990 prototype operations, then critically examines the whole MUS surgical methodology, 1990 to present day. The aim is to identify positive and negative aspects of these methodologies which can be usefully applied to improve current MUS surgery.Animal Experiments1987‐1988 proved that a collagenous neoligament could be formed by implantation of a tape. There was a wide variation in tissue reaction to implanted tapes. Inflamamatory tissue reaction was very different from bacterial infection and was safe even when a sinus is formed.MUS MethodologyThe key factor in avoiding major vessel and nerve injuries is to penetrate the perianal membrane with scissors, insert the applicator. Importantly, this reveals any bleeding which could otherwise accumulate in the Space of Retzius and only be controlled by digital pressure. The balance between too tight (retention) and too loose (incontinence) is analyzed in terms of the exponential relationship between urethral diameter and urine flow; why elastic tapes are more likely to cause post‐operative urinary retention; how to minimize retention by tightening against an indwelling No18 Foley catheter; the importance of routinely repairing the distal closure mechanism with purse string suture to external ligaments, fascial layer of vagina; why minislings avoid most of the serious MUS complication; why a tensioned minisling allows greater precision when tightening the sling and how anchors and individually knitted tapes give hope that tape erosions may decrease.
In situ photocrosslinkable hyaluronic acid‐based surgical glue with tunable mechanical properties and high adhesive strength
Authors: Chandrasekharan Ajeesh , Seong Keum‐Yong , Yim Sang‐Gu , Kim Sodam , Seo Sungbaek , Yoon Jinhwan , Yang Seung Yun 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTHyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring linear polysaccharide, has been widely used as a key biomaterial in a range of cosmetic and therapeutic applications. Its excellent biocompatibility and bio‐functions related to tissue regeneration encourage the development of HA‐based hydrogels to expand its applications. This study details an in situ forming surgical glue based on photocrosslinkable HA, providing tunable mechanical properties and firm tissue adhesion under wet and dynamic conditions. Depending on the degree of photocrosslinkable methacrylate groups in HA polymer chains, the mechanical properties of hyaluronate methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogels prepared by UV photocrosslinking was improved. Ex vivo adhesion tests revealed that HAMA hydrogels exhibited 3‐fold higher shear adhesive strength compared to gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels and achieved firm adherence to the porcine skin tissue for several weeks. The high adhesive strength of HAMA hydrogels, under dry and wet conditions, suggests that it may have great promise as a tissue adhesive. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 522–530