bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striatal subdivisions that coherently interact with multiple cerebrocortical networks
Authors: Ogawa Akitoshi , Osada Takahiro , Tanaka Masaki , Hori Masaaki , Aoki Shigeki , Nikolaidis Aki , Milham Michael P. , Konishi Seiki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe striatum constitutes the cortical‐basal ganglia loop and receives input from the cerebral cortex. Previous MRI studies have parcellated the human striatum using clustering analyses of structural/functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex. However, it is currently unclear how the striatal regions functionally interact with the cerebral cortex to organize cortical functions in the temporal domain. In the present human functional MRI study, the striatum was parcellated using boundary mapping analyses to reveal the fine architecture of the striatum by focusing on local gradient of functional connectivity. Boundary mapping analyses revealed approximately 100 subdivisions of the striatum. Many of the striatal subdivisions were functionally connected with specific combinations of cerebrocortical functional networks, such as somato‐motor (SM) and ventral attention (VA) networks. Time‐resolved functional connectivity analyses further revealed coherent interactions of multiple connectivities between each striatal subdivision and the cerebrocortical networks (i.e., a striatal subdivision‐SM connectivity and the same striatal subdivision‐VA connectivity). These results suggest that the striatum contains a large number of subdivisions that mediate functional coupling between specific combinations of cerebrocortical networks.
Disrupted neural variability during propofol‐induced sedation and unconsciousness
Authors: Huang Zirui , Zhang Jun , Wu Jinsong , Liu Xiaoge , Xu Jianghui , Zhang Jianfeng , Qin Pengmin , Dai Rui , Yang Zhong , Mao Ying , Hudetz Anthony G. , Northoff Georg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVariability quenching is a widespread neural phenomenon in which trial‐to‐trial variability (TTV) of neural activity is reduced by repeated presentations of a sensory stimulus. However, its neural mechanism and functional significance remain poorly understood. Recurrent network dynamics are suggested as a candidate mechanism of TTV, and they play a key role in consciousness. We thus asked whether the variability‐quenching phenomenon is related to the level of consciousness. We hypothesized that TTV reduction would be compromised during reduced level of consciousness by propofol anesthetics. We recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging signals of resting‐state and stimulus‐induced activities in three conditions: wakefulness, sedation, and unconsciousness (i.e., deep anesthesia). We measured the average (trial‐to‐trial mean, TTM) and variability (TTV) of auditory stimulus‐induced activity under the three conditions. We also examined another form of neural variability (temporal variability, TV), which quantifies the overall dynamic range of ongoing neural activity across time, during both the resting‐state and the task. We found that (a) TTM deceased gradually from wakefulness through sedation to anesthesia, (b) stimulus‐induced TTV reduction normally seen during wakefulness was abolished during both sedation and anesthesia, and (c) TV increased in the task state as compared to resting‐state during both wakefulness and sedation, but not anesthesia. Together, our results reveal distinct effects of propofol on the two forms of neural variability (TTV and TV). They imply that the anesthetic disrupts recurrent network dynamics, thus prevents the stabilization of cortical activity states. These findings shed new light on the temporal dynamics of neuronal variability and its alteration during anesthetic‐induced unconsciousness.
Intermolecular amination of allylic and benzylic alcohols leads to effective inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes
Authors: Atmaca Ufuk , Yıldırım Alper , Taslimi Parham , Çelik Seda Tuncel , Gülçin İlhami , Supuran Claudiu T. , Çelik Murat 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to determine the inhibition effects of novel synthesized sulfamates (2a–g), sulfonamides (3b–f), carbonyl sulfonamides (3h and i), and carbonyl sulfamates (4h and 4i), which were tested against two human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes (hCA I and II) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. For inhibition properties of allylic sulfamates, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibition constant (Ki) were calculated for each novel compounds. The allylic sulfamates showed that Ki values are in the range of 187.33–510.31 pM for hCA I, 104.22–290.09 pM against hCA II, and 12.73–103.63 pM against AChE. The results demonstrated that all newly synthesized compounds had shown effective inhibition against hCA I and II isoenzymes and AChE enzyme.
Clinical relevance of copeptin plasma levels as a biomarker of disease severity and mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Koch Alexander , Yagmur Eray , Hoss Alexander , Buendgens Lukas , Herbers Ulf , Weiskirchen Ralf , Koek Ger H. , Trautwein Christian , Tacke Frank 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundCopeptin, also termed C‐terminal pre‐pro‐vasopressin or CTproAVP, mirrors endogenous vasopressin (anti‐diuretic hormone, ADH) activity and might thereby serve as a biomarker reflecting the biological stress level. We therefore hypothesized that copeptin plasma concentrations are associated with disease severity in critically ill patients and could predict mortality.MethodsWe analyzed plasma copeptin levels in a prospective, single‐center, observational study comprising 218 critically ill patients at admission to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). Mortality was assessed during a 2‐year observational follow‐up period.ResultsCopeptin plasma levels were significantly elevated in critically ill patients (n = 218) at ICU admission, as compared with 66 healthy controls. Neither sepsis as the cause of critical illness nor pre‐existing metabolic disorders (type 2 diabetes, obesity) were found to influence copeptin levels. On the contrary, plasma copeptin was closely associated with disease severity (eg APACHE‐II score) and correlated with biomarkers of inflammation, renal failure, metabolism, vascular tone, and tissue perfusion. Elevated copeptin levels at ICU admission predicted short‐term and long‐term mortality.ConclusionsCopeptin plasma concentrations are significantly elevated in critically ill patients, correlate with disease severity and predict ICU and long‐term outcome. Thus, copeptin could be a promising tool for prognostication and management of critically ill patients.
Volatile, phenolic, and sensory profiles of in‐amphorae Chardonnay wine by mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis
Authors: Rossetti Fabrizio , Merkyte Vakare , Longo Edoardo , Pavlic Branimir , Jourdes Michael , Teissedre Pierre‐Louis , Boselli Emanuele 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe sensory properties, the phenolic composition, and the volatile profile of Chardonnay wine made in amphorae were compared with the wine obtained in large wooden barrels (2000 L) and small toasted barrels (225 L). Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis built on the phenolics and volatiles variables allowed to group effectively the samples according to the winemaking material used. In‐amphorae wines showed more abundant catechin and caffeic acid and less abundant caftaric acid and trans‐coutaric acid. Condensation reactions proceeded in the wood containers leading to esterification of organic acids with ethanol and alcohols, whereas in‐amphorae wines were characterized by a higher content of free phenolic acids and higher volatile alcohols. Among the volatile compounds, ramified ethyl esters contributed mostly in samples made in small toasted barrels, whereas nonbranched ethyl esters contributed more for the samples made in large wooden tanks; higher alcohols contributed more for the in‐amphorae wine. The sensory analysis showed negligible differences induced by the in‐amphorae vinification with respect to the wooden one. Four variables could distinguish wines made in‐amphorae compared with the other containers: solvent and acetone (SA), astringent/pungency (AP), fruity (FR), and color intensity (CI). The overall approach proposed here is promising for future developments of innovative types of Chardonnay wine blends.
A case of ventricular ectopy eliminated by catheter ablation: Diversity of the potentials on the left coronary cusp
Authors: Kajiyama Takatsugu , Hachiya Hitoshi , Iesaka Yoshito 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old man without organic heart disease underwent catheter ablation for frequent monomorphic ventricular ectopic beats(VEBs). The origin of the VEB was presumed located on the left coronary cusp(LCC) regarding his electrocardiography. Local activation in the right ventricular outflow tract was not so early. On the LCC, four different prepotentials were obtained by slight relocation of the catheter. Finally, on the site with positive discrete prepotential recorded on the distal electrodes, an application of radiofrequency current immediately eliminated the VEB. Although LCC is considered as a small structure, detailed mapping may be important to find the most optimal ablation site.
Living Supramolecular Polymerization of DNA
Authors: Lanier Laura A. , Bermudez Harry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecently there have been notable synthetic successes in supramolecular polymerization. By contrast, it has long been known that DNA can undergo supramolecular polymerization (concatemerization). Concatemerization is a step‐like polymerization and consequently suffers from broad molecular weight distributions and generally undesirable cyclization reactions. Here we demonstrate that another supramolecular polymerization of DNA, hybridization chain reaction (HCR), is in fact a living polymerization. After consumption of initial monomer, the polymerization can be continued with further addition of monomer, and the molecular weight can be varied by the ratio of monomer to initiator. In contrast to concatemerization, HCR produces polymers with narrow dispersity while avoiding cyclization. Identification of the living character of this supramolecular polymerization presents new opportunities in structural DNA nanotechnology and molecular biology.
On open innovation, platforms, and entrepreneurship
Authors: Nambisan Satish , Siegel Donald , Kenney Martin 
Published: July 2018

Research SummaryIn recent decades, two emergent phenomena have jointly transformed the nature and pursuit of entrepreneurship across industries and sectors: open innovation and platformization. Open innovation involves a shift toward more open and distributed models of innovation, while platformization refers to the increasing importance of digital platforms as a venue for value creation and capture. Together, open innovation and platforms have created numerous opportunities for entrepreneurs and their firms—from serving as inputs for innovation for established firms to participating as complementors on existing platforms. While these entrepreneurial opportunities (and conditions) have manifested themselves in rich and varied ways, our understanding of these new forms of entrepreneurship has lagged behind. In this essay, and in this special issue, our objective is to bring a sharper focus on the important research issues and questions that frame open innovation, platforms, and entrepreneurship.Managerial SummaryDigital platforms and open innovation environments have unleashed numerous promising opportunities for entrepreneurs, in industries ranging from consumer software, entertainment, and home appliances to auto, health, and energy. To pursue those opportunities, however, entrepreneurs will need to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that facilitate and constrain them. In this essay, we identify and discuss several of these factors and the associated challenges and highlight the need for additional research. We also consider some of the broader contextual factors, including regulatory policies, digitization, and globalization that shape the emerging opportunities.
PRospective Imaging of CErvical cancer and neoadjuvant treatment (PRICE) study: role of ultrasound to assess residual tumor in locally advanced cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation and radical surgery
Authors: Testa A. C. , Moro F. , Pasciuto T. , Moruzzi M. C. , Di Legge A. , Fuoco G. , Autorino R. , Collarino A. , Gui B. , Zannoni G. F. , Gambacorta A. , Miccò M. , Rufini V. , Scambia G. , Ferrandina G. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic performance of two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound parameters, three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler and contrast‐enhanced indices in detecting residual disease in locally advanced cervical cancer patients triaged to neoadjuvant treatment followed by radical surgery.MethodsBetween October 2010 and June 2014, we screened 108 women with histologically documented locally advanced cervical cancer Stage IB2–IVA, of whom 88 were included in the final analysis. 2D ultrasound parameters, 3D power Doppler and contrast‐ultrasound parameters were assessed 5 weeks after the end of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. The pathological response was defined as complete (absence of any residual tumor after treatment) or partial (including microscopic and/or macroscopic residual tumor at pathology examination). The two response groups were compared and receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated to determine the best cut‐off value of sonographic tumor diameter to predict residual disease. Histology was considered as reference.ResultsComplete pathological response to chemoradiation was observed in 40 (45.5%) patients and partial response in 48 (54.5%). The presence of residual disease, as confirmed at pathology examination, was detected by 2D grayscale ultrasound with a sensitivity of 64.6% and specificity of 65%. Color Doppler examination in the cases with lesions visualized on grayscale imaging detected the presence of residual disease, confirmed at pathology, with a sensitivity of 87.1% and specificity of 21.4%. The best area under the ROC curve (0.817) was for the detection of pathological residual disease of at least 6 mm in diameter, using a cut‐off value of 12 mm for the largest tumor diameter assessed using 2D grayscale ultrasound (sensitivity, 95%; specificity, 70.6%). Neither 3D vascular indices nor contrast‐ultrasound parameters obtained for lesions suspected at ultrasound following chemoradiation differed significantly between patients with histological complete and those with partial response.ConclusionsOur results show that grayscale and color Doppler ultrasound have a low level of diagnostic performance in detecting residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. The best performance was achieved in detection of macroscopic (≥ 6 mm) residual disease. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Father Absence and Accelerated Reproductive Development in Non-Hispanic White Women in the United States
Authors: Gaydosh Lauren , Belsky Daniel W. , Domingue Benjamin W. , Boardman Jason D. , Harris Kathleen Mullan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Girls who experience father absence in childhood also experience accelerated reproductive development in comparison with peers with present fathers. One hypothesis advanced to explain this empirical pattern is genetic confounding, wherein gene-environment correlation (rGE) causes a spurious relationship between father absence and reproductive timing. We test this hypothesis by constructing polygenic scores for age at menarche and first birth using recently available genome-wide association study results and molecular genetic data on a sample of non-Hispanic white females from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We find that young women’s accelerated menarche polygenic scores are unrelated to their exposure to father absence. In contrast, polygenic scores for earlier age at first birth tend to be higher in young women raised in homes with absent fathers. Nevertheless, father absence and the polygenic scores independently and additively predict reproductive timing. We find no evidence in support of the rGE hypothesis for accelerated menarche and only limited evidence in support of the rGE hypothesis for earlier age at first birth.
MicroRNA‐26b suppresses tumorigenicity and promotes apoptosis in small cell lung cancer cells by targeting myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein
Authors: Yu Jin‐Guo , Ji Cheng‐Hong , Shi Min‐Hua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA‐26b (miR‐26b) in regulating the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. First, we examined the expression level of miR‐26b in human normal fetal lung fibroblasts (NFLFs) and three SCLC cell lines NCI‐H466, NCI‐H1688, and NCI‐H196. In the following experiments, the three SCLC cell lines were transfected with miR‐26b mimic and inhibitor. Cell growth and survival, as well as migration and invasion capacities were determined by MTT, colony formation, Transwell migration and invasion, and wound healing assays. Cell apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential were also measured in the three cell lines following various treatments. As a result, we found that the level of miR‐26b was significantly lower in SCLC cells than in NFLFs. Additionally, transfection with miR‐26b mimic could inhibit proliferation, colony formation, and migration, as well as induce apoptosis in these SCLC cell lines; while miR‐26b inhibitor showed the opposite effects. Further mechanistic experiment revealed that miR‐26b could suppress the expression of myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein (Mcl‐1) and the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of Mcl‐1 may be the direct binding site of miR‐26b, suggesting that the effect of miR‐26b may be mediated by targeting Mcl‐1. Collectively, our findings offer a new insight into the role of miR‐26b in the pathogenesis of SCLC, and provide primary evidence supporting the potential of miR‐26b‐based therapy for the treatment of SCLC.
Loess–paleosol carbonate clumped isotope record of late Pleistocene–Holocene climate change in the Palouse region, Washington State, USA
Authors: Lechler Alex R. , Huntington Katharine W. , Breecker Daniel O. , Sweeney Mark R. , Schauer Andrew J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Channeled Scabland–Palouse region of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States preserves geomorphic and pedosedimentary records that inform understanding of late Pleistocene–Holocene paleoclimate change in a region proximal to the last glacial period Cordilleran Ice Sheet. We present a clumped (Δ47) and conventional (δ18O, δ13C) isotopic study of Palouse loess–paleosol carbonates in combination with carbonate radiocarbon (14C) dating to provide new measures of regional late–last glacial (~31–20 cal ka BP) and Holocene soil conditions. Average clumped isotope temperatures (T(Δ47)) for last glacial Palouse loess–paleosol carbonates (9±4°C) are significantly lower than those for Holocene-aged carbonates (T(Δ47)=18±2°C) in study sections. Calculated soil water δ18OVSMOWvalues (−16±2‰) for last glacial carbonates are also offset relative to those for Holocene-aged samples (−11±1‰), whereas calculated soil CO2δ13CVPDBvalues are similar for the Holocene (−16.9±0.2‰) and late–last glacial (−16.7±1.1‰) periods. Together, these paleoclimate metrics indicate late–last glacial conditions of pedogenic carbonate formation in the C3grassland soils of the Palouse were measurably colder (9±5°C) than during the Holocene and potentially reflect a more arid last glacial paleoclimate across the Palouse, findings in agreement with previous proxy studies and climate model simulations for the region.
Is there any effect of neurotrophin-3 on the pathogenesis of non-allergic nasal polyps?
Authors: Ismi O , Kara T , Polat G , Bobusoglu O , Vayısoglu Y , Gorur K , Ozcan C 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the role of neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nasal polyps development has been studied, the contribution of neurotrophin-3 has not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of neurotrophin-3 in nasal polyps pathogenesis.MethodsThe study group comprised 70 non-allergic nasal polyps patients and the control group consisted of 53 patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa. Specimens were taken, during surgery, from the ethmoid sinus nasal polyps in the nasal polyps group and from the lateral part of the middle turbinate concha bullosa in the control group. Tissue and serum levels of neurotrophin-3 were assessed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.ResultsNasal polyps patients had higher tissue neurotrophin-3 scores (p< 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding serum neurotrophin-3 levels (p= 0.417). Tissue neurotrophin-3 staining scores in the nasal polyps group had no statistically significant correlation with Lund–Mackay scores (p= 0.792).ConclusionNeurotrophin-3 may have a local effect in nasal polyps pathogenesis, without joining systemic circulation.
Contrasting Supply-side, Demand-side and Combined Approaches to Labour Market Integration
Authors: FRØYLAND KJETIL , ANDREASSEN TONE ALM , INNVÆR SIMON 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn social policy discussions about activation or ALMP (Active Labour Market Policies), most attention is paid to supply-side approaches, directed towards jobless individuals. In these discussions, little attention is given to demand-side approaches aimed at activating employers, or combined workplace-oriented approaches that combine supply and demand-side elements. The aim of this article is to introduce demand-side and combined approaches developed within the fields of disability policy and vocational rehabilitation to scholarly discussions about activation and ALMP.By comparing these three approaches, we show that demand-side and combined approaches challenge key assumptions underlying the dominant supply-side approaches. They do so by representing different views of a) work – as a right instead of a duty; b) the problem of reduced work capacity – not as individual failure, but rather as a prejudice in attitudes among employers or as a gap between capacities and demands; c) the employers and the labour market – as transformable instead of fixed.Supply-side, demand-side and combined workplace-oriented approaches share the aim of labour market integration; however, their developments seem to have taken place largely in isolation from each other. We argue that when brought together they could form a more comprehensive base for further development of labour market integration.
Wicket Spikes: Clinical Correlates of a Previously Undescribed EEG Pattern
Authors: Reiher Jean , Lebel Michel 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFrom an analysis of the electroencephalograms of 4,458 patients who underwent recording during both wakefulness and sleep, through the years 1969 to 1975, wicket spikes — recorded in 39 patients — may be described as follows:They were found during both wakefulness and sleep, almost exclusively in adults. Their cardinal feature is a changing mode of occurrence through any single recording: from intermittent trains of more or less sustained, arciform, discharges resembling mu rhythm, to sporadic, unitary, single spikes. When occurring singly, wicket spikes can be mistaken for anterior or middle temporal spikes, since they predominate in either area, and since they share with them other characteristics such as amplitude (60 to 210 microvolts), polarity (surface negative) duration, and configuration.Wicket spikes should not be considered interictal abnormalities; they do not correlate with epilepsy or with any particular symptom complex.