bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nabuzaana Omunozzi w’Eddagala: Hearing Kiganda Ecology in the Music of Kusamira Ritual Healing Repertories
Authors: Hoesing Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:This article argues that ritual performances of song by a guild of healers called basamize situate humans and other-than-human familiars in an ecology that has a strong impact on ethnic identification in southern Uganda. An idiomatic song, ubiquitous throughout the region in focus, helps define the contours of this ecology. Primary and secondary sources link the song to oral traditions that suggest a move beyond descent as an organizing principle in Africanist discourses on ethnicity and ethnic formation.
Crafting Early African Histories with Jan Vansina
Authors: Schoenbrun David L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:The introduction explores the ways in which Jan Vansina wrote Africa’s earlier history. It argues that he overturned paradigmatic knowledge in part through policing boundaries between disciplines, but always in search of new knowledge. The boundaries enclosed different kinds of labor in producing evidence about the past. Each kind of labor teaches the scholar something about place, responsibility, and imagination. These afterlives of working in Africa informed Vansina’s interdisciplinarian publishing strategies, shape-shifting them into the imaginative, and prompting new generations of scholars to chart their own paths.
Metabolic perturbations associated with the consumption of a ketogenic medium-chain TAG diet in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Law Tsz Hong , Volk Holger A. , Pan Yuanlong , Zanghi Brian , Want Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsumption of diets containing medium-chain TAG (MCT) has been shown to confer neuroprotective effects. We aim to identify the global metabolic perturbations associated with consumption of a ketogenic diet (medium-chain TAG diet (MCTD)) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS (UPLC-MS) to generate metabolic and lipidomic profiles of fasted canine serum and made comparisons between the MCTD and standardised placebo diet phases. We identified metabolites that differed significantly between diet phases using metabolite fragmentation profiles generated by tandem MS (UPLC–MS/MS). Consumption of the MCTD resulted in significant differences in serum metabolic profiles when compared with the placebo diet, where sixteen altered lipid metabolites were identified. Consumption of the MCTD resulted in reduced abundances of palmitoylcarnitine, octadecenoylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine and significant changes, both reduced and increased abundances, of phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolites. There was a significant increase in abundance of the saturated C17 : 0 fatty acyl moieties during the MCTD phase. Lysophosphatidylcholine (17 : 0) (P=0·01) and PC (17:0/20:4) (P=0·03) were both significantly higher in abundance during the MCTD. The data presented in this study highlight global changes in lipid metabolism, and, of particular interest, in the C17 : 0 moieties, as a result of MCT consumption. Elucidating the global metabolic response of MCT consumption will not only improve the administration of current ketogenic diets for neurological disease models but also provides new avenues for research to develop better diet therapies with improved neuroprotective efficacies. Future studies should clarify the involvement and importance of C17 : 0 moieties in endogenous MCT metabolic pathways.
Host B chromosomes as potential sex ratio distorters of intestinal nematode infrapopulations in the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis)
Authors: Jovanović V.M. , Čabrilo B. , Budinski I. , Bjelić-Čabrilo O. , Adnađević T. , Blagojević J. , Vujošević M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe yellow-necked mouse,Apodemus flavicollis, can be considered as a model for genetic polymorphism produced by the frequent presence of supernumerary or B chromosomes (Bs). Host genetic background is rarely taken into account in studies of parasite sex ratio. The main aim of this study was to investigate the range of infrapopulation sex ratios for nematode parasites of the yellow-necked mouse and to determine which factors most influence variation in parasite sex ratios. Six nematode species found in the collected yellow-necked mice were analysed. We confirmed the predominant pattern of female-biased sex ratios in vertebrate parasite infrapopulations. The presence of B chromosomes in host genomes played an important role in infrapopulations ofHeligmosomoides polygyrus,Syphacia stromaandTrichuris muris, as hosts with B chromosomes carried a higher proportion of males. The relative increase of males in infrapopulations could result from a shift in parasite life history strategy, induced by adaptation to the specific host genotypes (Bs present). In a meta-analysis with previously published data, the sex determination system was demonstrated to play a significant role in nematode sex ratio variation, as well as specific life history patterns, such as the place of egg hatching.
Marital Status and Problem Gambling among Older Adults: An Examination of Social Context and Social Motivations
Authors: Elton-Marshall Tara , Wijesingha Rochelle , Sendzik Taryn , Mock Steven E. , van der Maas Mark , McCready John , Mann Robert E. , Turner Nigel E. 
Published: July 2018

RÉSUMÉLes personnes âgées constituent, en proportion, la population la plus importante parmi les joueurs (Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation [OLG], 2012). Les joueurs célibataires seraient plus isolés socialement et solitaires (Dykstra & de Jong Gierveld, 2004), et plus susceptibles de s’engager dans le jeu, présentant ainsi des risques accrus pour le jeu compulsif (McQuade & Gill, 2012). Cette étude a examiné si des motivations sociales (jeu associé à la socialisation ou à la solitude) et le contexte social (sorties au casino avec des amis ou la famille) expliquent la relation entre le statut matrimonial et le jeu compulsif chez les personnes âgées. Nous avons aussi exploré si ces associations diffèrent en fonction du genre. Les données ont été extraites d’un échantillon aléatoire de 2103 adultes âgés de 55 ans et plus qui ont été contactés dans des sites de jeu du sud-ouest de l’Ontario. Ces données ont indiqué que le jeu en compagnie de la famille ou d’amis et le jeu associé à la solitude médient la relation entre le statut matrimonial et le jeu compulsif. Les personnes âgées célibataires étaient moins susceptibles de jouer avec de la famille ou des amis, comparativement aux aînés qui étaient mariés; ils étaient plus susceptibles d’utiliser le jeu pour contrer la solitude et leur profil de jeu était davantage compulsif. Les initiatives de prévention et de traitement devraient examiner les moyens permettant de diminuer la solitude et l’isolement social chez les personnes âgées, et offrir des activités sociales alternatives.
HONDURAS IN EARLY POSTCLASSIC MESOAMERICA
Authors: Joyce Rosemary A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSocial groups in Honduras played a key role in regional developments betweena.d.800 and 1100, acting as the pivot in long-distance networks extending west as far as Tula, north to Chichen Itza, and south to Costa Rica. Understanding the role of Honduran settlements at this time has been obstructed by the lack of well-dated contexts from this period and the associated uncertainty about the development of the key Honduran ceramic type, Las Vegas Polychrome. This paper offers a definition of the distinctive features that characterize Las Vegas Polychrome, reviewing evidence supporting earlier dates than traditionally suggested for this type, as early as the emergence of any white-slipped polychrome in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. It summarizes evidence for a suite of luxuries consumed in conjunction with Las Vegas Polychrome, and points to the products most likely produced in Honduras for exchange with partners who provided these. Finally, the article considers the ideological, social, and political implications of changes in Honduran settlements where the new pottery was used.
START versus SALT Triage: Which is Preferred by the 21st Century Health Care Student?
Authors: Fink Brian N. , Rega Paul P. , Sexton Martha E. , Wishner Carolina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionWhile the art and science of disaster triage continue to evolve, the education of the US health care student in matters pertaining to disaster preparedness and response remains stifled. Unfortunately, these students will be assuming major decision-making responsibilities regarding catastrophes that will be complicated by climate change, nuclear threats, global terrorism, and pandemics. Meanwhile, Sort, Assess, Life-Saving Interventions, Treatment, and/or Transport (SALT) triage is being advocated over the globally popular Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) algorithm for multiple reasons: (1) it’s an all-hazard approach; (2) it has four medical interventions; and (3) it has an additional triage color for victims with non-survivable injuries.Hypothesis/ProblemAs present-day threats become more ominous and health care education emphasizes the needs of vulnerable populations and palliative care, the authors hypothesize that, when given a choice, health care students will prefer SALT triage.MethodsA convenience sample of 218 interprofessional, disaster-naïve health care students received just-in-time, unbiased education on both START and SALT triage systems. Students then completed a survey asking them to decide which triage system they believe would be most effective in their community.ResultsA total of 123 health care students (56.4%) preferred SALT while 95 (43.6%) preferred START; however, only the physician assistant students showed a statistically significantly preference (28 versus six, respectively; P=.042). Interestingly, there was also a statistically significant difference in preference by gender (Chi-square=5.02; P=.025) of the observed distribution versus expected distribution in SALT and START. The females preferred SALT (61.0%) while the males preferred START (55.9%).Among those who preferred START, START being easier to learn was the most important reason cited. Among those who preferred SALT, the most important reason cited was that the number of patient triage categories seemed more logical, comprehensible, and consistent with traditional medical care.Conclusion:While SALT’s preference among females and physician assistant students was based on the addition of medical interventions and the provision of palliative care, START’s preference was related to expediency. Based on this research, incorporating disaster concepts into US health care students’ curricula encourages thoughtful consideration among the future health care leaders about the most effective approach to triage care. It is critical that further research be completed to determine, without reservation, which triage system will not only save the most lives but provide the most humane care to victims.Fink BN, Rega PP, Sexton ME, Wishner C. START versus SALT triage: which is preferred by the 21st century health care student? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):381–386
Comparison of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology-Assisted Triage versus Standard Practice in Triaging Casualties by Paramedic Students in a Mass-Casualty Incident Scenario
Authors: Jain Trevor , Sibley Aaron , Stryhn Henrik , Hubloue Ives 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has the potential to change the way medical incident commanders (ICs) respond to mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) in triaging victims. The aim of this study was to compare UAV technology to standard practice (SP) in triaging casualties at an MCI.MethodsA randomized comparison study was conducted with 40 paramedic students from the Holland College Paramedicine Program (Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada). Using a simulated motor vehicle collision (MVC) with moulaged casualties, iterations of 20 students were used for both a day and a night trial. Students were randomized to a UAV or a SP group. After a brief narrative, participants either entered the study environment or used UAV technology where total time to triage completion, GREEN casualty evacuation, time on scene, triage order, and accuracy were recorded.ResultsA statistical difference in the time to completion of 3.63 minutes (95% CI, 2.45 min-4.85 min; P=.002) during the day iteration and a difference of 3.49 minutes (95% CI, 2.08 min-6.06 min; P=.002) for the night trial with UAV groups was noted. There was no difference found in time to GREEN casualty evacuation, time on scene, or triage order. One-hundred-percent accuracy was noted between both groups.Conclusion:This study demonstrated the feasibility of using a UAV at an MCI. A non-clinical significant difference was noted in total time to completion between both groups. There was no increase in time on scene by using the UAV while demonstrating the feasibility of remotely triaging GREEN casualties prior to first responder arrival.Jain T, Sibley A, Stryhn H, Hubloue I.Comparison of unmanned aerial vehicle technologyassisted triage versus standard practice in triaging casualties by paramedic students in a mass-casualty incident scenario. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):375–380
PURE LOGIC OF ITERATED FULL GROUND
Authors: LITLAND JON ERLING 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article develops the Pure Logic of Iterated Full Ground (plifg), a logic of ground that can deal with claims of the form “ϕgrounds that (ψgroundsθ)”—what we call iterated grounding claims. The core idea is that some truths Γ ground a truthϕwhen there is an explanatory argument (of a certain sort) from premisses Γ to conclusionϕ. By developing a deductive system that distinguishes between explanatory and nonexplanatory arguments we can give introduction rules for operators for factive and nonfactive full ground, as well as for a propositional “identity” connective. Elimination rules are then found by using a proof-theoretic inversion principle.
Predicting Rates and Distribution of Carbonate Melting in Oceanic Upper Mantle: Implications for Seismic Structure and Global Carbon Cycling
Authors: Clerc Fiona , Behn Mark D. , Parmentier E. M. , Hirth Greg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCoupling a global mantle flow model with a parameterized carbonate solidus, we examine the global distribution and extent of carbonate melting beneath the ocean basins. We predict carbonate melting in spatially heterogeneous patterns throughout the oceans. The rate of CO2 segregation from the mantle by off‐axis carbonate melting (~1.1 × 1012 mol/year) is comparable to the global ridge flux (~1.2 × 1012 mol/year). As the generation of carbonate melts should be enhanced in regions of mantle upwelling, we compare upwelling patterns with seismic detections of the G‐discontinuity. The upwelling velocities in areas where the G‐discontinuity is detected are not statistically different from areas with no detections—implying that the generation and pooling of carbonate melts are not dominant mechanisms in forming the G‐discontinuity. However, detections of a deeper seismic discontinuity are correlated with enhanced upwelling velocities, suggesting locally higher melt fractions at the transition between carbonate‐only and carbonate‐enhanced silicate melting.
Relationships Between Inversion Strength, Lower‐Tropospheric Moistening, and Low‐Cloud Fraction in the Subtropical Southeast Pacific Derived From Stable Isotopologues of Water Vapor
Authors: Galewsky Joseph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuantitative, observational constraints on lower‐tropospheric mixing are crucial for improved models of low‐cloud feedbacks, and analysis of water vapor isotopic composition provides an independent means for generating such constraints. In situ measurements of water vapor isotopic composition from the Chajnantor Plateau, in northern Chile, are merged with sounding data from Antofagasta and satellite measurements of cloud fraction (CF) from the SE Pacific to show an inverse relationship between the estimated inversion strength (EIS) and water vapor export from the marine boundary layer into the free troposphere. When merged with results from the subtropical northern Pacific, the relationship between EIS and water vapor transport is found to be exponential across EIS values ranging from 0 to 15.6 K. The data from Chile are stratified into terciles of EIS with average EIS values of 9, 12.6 and 15.6 K. We show positive relationships between EIS, cloud fraction, and the mixing diagnostic δDv−δDr and negative relationships between EIS and the observed mixing ratios and water vapor δD values at Chajnantor, all of which are consistent with an inverse relationship between inversion strength and water vapor export from the marine boundary layer. Inverse modeling of the isotopic data using a simple process model shows that the average mixing ratios at Chajnantor derived from the marine boundary layer are estimated to be 2.1, 1.15, and 0.84 g/kg, respectively, for the lowest, middle, and highest terciles of EIS. These results can be used to constrain convective parameterizations and models of low‐cloud feedbacks.
Assessing the Dynamic Versus Thermodynamic Origin of Climate Model Biases
Authors: Wehrli Kathrin , Guillod Benoit P. , Hauser Mathias , Leclair Matthieu , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlobal climate models present systematic biases, among others, a tendency to overestimate hot and dry summers in midlatitude regions. Here we investigate the origin of such biases in the Community Earth System Model. To disentangle the contribution of dynamics and thermodynamics, we perform simulations that include nudging of horizontal wind and compare them to simulations with a free atmosphere. Prescribing the observed large‐scale circulation improves the modeled weather patterns as well as many related fields. However, the larger part of the temperature and precipitation biases of the free atmosphere configuration remains after nudging, in particular, for extremes. Our results suggest that thermodynamical processes, including land‐atmosphere coupling and atmospheric parameterizations, drive the errors present in Community Earth System Model. Our result may apply to other climate models and highlight the importance of distinguishing thermodynamic and dynamic sources of biases in present‐day global climate models.
Flares at Earth and Mars: An Ionospheric Escape Mechanism?
Authors: Mendillo M. , Erickson P. J. , Zhang S.‐R. , Mayyasi M. , Narvaez C. , Thiemann E. , Chamberlain P. , Andersson L. , Peterson W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolar flares are nature's active experiment upon a planet's upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Observed effects at Earth are consistent with a “second sunrise” scenario that produces changes in electron density, electron temperature, and plasma dynamics. A solar active region in September 2017 provoked ionospheric disturbances due to solar flares observed at Earth (6 September) and later at Mars (10 and 17 September). Incoherent scatter radar observations from the Millstone Hill Observatory showed a burst of upward diffusion due to electron temperature enhancements. We explore the companion possibility of flares causing upward drifts and plasma escape at Mars. Solar observations made by the EUV Monitor instrument on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) satellite are used to portray the time histories of irradiance changes to determine the “early” (onset to peak emission) and “late” (decay to background) time scales for these flares. During the initial phase of a flare (when photons ionize an atmosphere unmodified by flare heating), MAVEN was well above the ionosphere and thus no in situ data are available to asses this period of possible plasma escape. Estimates made using a simple terrestrial model for plasma drifts in the topside ionosphere suggest that escape rates can be enhanced at Mars at “early” times. The “late time” effects observed below 400 km 2 hr after the flare onset times did not reveal conclusive remnants of the proposed mechanism. No model of the Martian thermosphere‐ionosphere system has produced a self‐consistent simulation of solar flare effects upon Mars' upper atmosphere and ionosphere.
Mapping the sensing spots of aerolysin for single oligonucleotides analysis
Authors: Cao Chan , Li Meng-Yin , Cirauqui Nuria , Wang Ya-Qian , Dal Peraro Matteo , Tian He , Long Yi-Tao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanopore sensing is a powerful single-molecule method for DNA and protein sequencing. Recent studies have demonstrated that aerolysin exhibits a high sensitivity for single-molecule detection. However, the lack of the atomic resolution structure of aerolysin pore has hindered the understanding of its sensing capabilities. Herein, we integrate nanopore experimental results and molecular simulations based on a recent pore structural model to precisely map the sensing spots of this toxin for ssDNA translocation. Rationally probing ssDNA length and composition upon pore translocation provides new important insights for molecular determinants of the aerolysin nanopore. Computational and experimental results reveal two critical sensing spots (R220, K238) generating two constriction points along the pore lumen. Taking advantage of the sensing spots, all four nucleobases, cytosine methylation and oxidation of guanine can be clearly identified in a mixture sample. The results provide evidence for the potential of aerolysin as a nanosensor for DNA sequencing.
Hollow-core conjoined-tube negative-curvature fibre with ultralow loss
Authors: Gao Shou-fei , Wang Ying-ying , Ding Wei , Jiang Dong-liang , Gu Shuai , Zhang Xin , Wang Pu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCountering the optical network ‘capacity crunch’ calls for a radical development in optical fibres that could simultaneously minimize nonlinearity penalties, chromatic dispersion and maximize signal launch power. Hollow-core fibres (HCF) can break the nonlinear Shannon limit of solid-core fibre and fulfil all above requirements, but its optical performance need to be significantly upgraded before they can be considered for high-capacity telecommunication systems. Here, we report a new HCF with conjoined-tubes in the cladding and a negative-curvature core shape. It exhibits a minimum transmission loss of 2 dB km−1 at 1512 nm and a <16 dB km−1 bandwidth spanning across the O, E, S, C, L telecom bands (1302–1637 nm). The debut of this conjoined-tube HCF, with combined merits of ultralow loss, broad bandwidth, low bending loss, high mode quality and simple structure heralds a new opportunity to fully unleash the potential of HCF in telecommunication applications.
Controls on explosive-effusive volcanic eruption styles
Authors: Cassidy Mike , Manga Michael , Cashman Kathy , Bachmann Olivier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges in volcanic hazard assessment is to understand how and why eruptive style changes within the same eruptive period or even from one eruption to the next at a given volcano. This review evaluates the competing processes that lead to explosive and effusive eruptions of silicic magmas. Eruptive style depends on a set of feedback involving interrelated magmatic properties and processes. Foremost of these are magma viscosity, gas loss and external properties such as conduit geometry. Ultimately, these parameters control the speed at which magmas ascend, decompress and outgas en route to the surface, and thus determine eruptive style and evolution.