bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justification of the Benjamin–Ono equation as an internal water waves model
Authors: Paulsen Martin Oen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we give the first rigorous justification of the Benjamin-Ono equation: $$\begin{aligned} \hspace{3cm} \partial _t \zeta + (1 - \frac{\gamma }{2}\sqrt{\mu }|\textrm{D}|)\partial _x \zeta + \frac{3{\varepsilon }}{2}\zeta \partial _x\zeta =0, \hspace{2cm} \text {(BO)} \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

ζ
+
(
1
-

γ
2

μ

|
D
|
)

∂
x

ζ
+

3
ε

2

ζ

∂
x

ζ
=
0
,

(
BO
)

as an internal water wave model on the physical time scale. Here, $${\varepsilon }$$
ε
is a small parameter measuring the weak nonlinearity of the waves, $$\mu $$
μ
is the shallowness parameter, and $$\gamma \in (0,1)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
1
)

is the ratio between the densities of the two fluids. To be precise, we first prove the existence of a solution to the internal water wave equations for a two-layer fluid with surface tension, where one layer is of shallow depth and the other is of infinite depth. The existence time is of order $${\mathcal {O}}(\frac{1}{{\varepsilon }})$$

O
(

1
ε

)

for a small amount of surface tension such that $${\varepsilon }^2 \le \textrm{bo}^{-1} $$

ε

2

≤

bo

-
1

where $$\textrm{bo}$$
bo
is the Bond number. Then, we show that these solutions are close, on the same time scale, to the solutions of the BO equation with a precision of order $${\mathcal {O}}(\mu + \textrm{bo}^{-1})$$

O
(
μ
+

bo

-
1

)

. In addition, we provide the justification of new equations with improved dispersive properties, the Benjamin equation, and the Intermediate Long Wave (ILW) equation in the deep-water limit.The long-time well-posedness of the two-layer fluid problem was first studied by Lannes [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 208(2):481-567, 2013] in the case where both fluids have finite depth. Here, we adapt this work to the case where one of the fluid domains is of finite depth, and the other one is of infinite depth. The novelties of the proof are related to the geometry of the problem, where the difference in domains alters the functional setting for the Dirichlet-Neumann operators involved. In particular, we study the various compositions of these operators that require a refined symbolic analysis of the Dirichlet-Neumann operator on infinite depth and derive new pseudo-differential estimates that might be of independent interest.
Welche Rolle spielen Wahlversprechen für die Wahlentscheidung?
Authors: Bytzek Evelyn , Steffens Melanie C. 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungWahlversprechen stellen ein wichtiges Element demokratischer Wahlkämpfe dar und ihre Rolle als Bindeglied zwischen Wählerschaft und Regierungshandeln wird im Ansatz der Promissory Representation deutlich. Wahlversprechen haben hierbei eine doppelte Funktion: In prospektiver Perspektive sollte die Partei gewählt werden, deren Wahlversprechen den politischen Vorstellungen einer Wählerin bzw. eines Wählers am nächsten kommt. In retrospektiver Perspektive sollten Parteien, die ihre Wahlversprechen brechen, bei der nächsten Wahl durch Stimmentzug bestraft werden. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob die Voraussetzungen für das Erfüllen dieser Rolle gegeben sind und Wahlversprechen tatsächlich eine Wirkung auf Wahlentscheidungen haben.
Novel heart valve leaflet designs with stiff polymeric materials and biomimetic kinematics
Authors: Smid Caroline C. , Pappas Georgios A. , Cesarovic Nikola , Falk Volkmar , Ermanni Paolo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite continuous efforts to improve the robustness of cardiac valve implants, neither bioprosthetic nor mechanical valves fulfill both hemodynamic and durability requirements. This study discussed novel flexible leaflet designs, focusing on polymeric materials with proven hemocompatibility, such as polyether ether ketone, of much higher stiffness than native tissue, aiming at optimal valve implants. A biomimetic valve with a single-curvature belly-curve (B-C) was used as a reference for new design variants with a double-curvature B-C with varying radii. Soft (13.2 MPa) and stiff (2.4 GPa) leaflet materials and different thicknesses were studied using lean simulations and in vitro experiments under physiologic hemodynamic conditions. The performance was assessed using opening pressure (OP) and orifice area (OA). The latter was determined by a newly developed automatized image processing tool. Experimental trends are in agreement with simulations and demonstrated that a buckling-inspired double-curvature leaflet design significantly enhances the trileaflet valve opening behavior, which is particularly advantageous for stiffer leaflet materials. Compared to the reference, the best-performing variant showed an OP improvement of 47% and 44% based on simulations and experiments, respectively. In contrast, the achieved mean pressure differential was directly comparable to state-of-the-art bioprosthetic valves. The OA was slightly reduced for new variants but still in the satisfying range.
Graphic abstract
Travelling waves for discrete stochastic bistable equations
Authors: Geldhauser Carina , Kuehn Christian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany physical, chemical and biological systems have an inherent discrete spatial structure that strongly influences their dynamical behaviour. Similar remarks apply to internal or external noise. In this paper we study the combined effect of spatial discretization and stochastic perturbations on travelling waves in the Nagumo equation, which is a prototypical model for bistable reaction-diffusion partial differential equations (PDEs). We prove that under suitable parameter conditions, various discrete-stochastic variants of the Nagumo equation have solutions, which stay close on long time scales to the classical monotone Nagumo front with high probability if the noise covariance and spatial discretization are sufficiently small.
Circular product design strategies in the apparel industry: toward the circular economy
Authors: Rahee Sanjida Parvin , Sarker Md. Rayhan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe design stage of a product plays a critical role in determining its sustainability. Key product attributes—such as reliability, durability, reusability, repairability, design for remanufacturing, recyclability, and end-of-life considerations—are established during this stage, influencing the product’s overall environmental impact. Circular product design (CPD) is a design philosophy that fosters economic growth while reducing negative environmental impact across the product’s entire life cycle. This study aims to identify circular product design strategies (CPDS) for the apparel industry, a sector known for its significant carbon footprint. Twelve CPDS are identified in this study, categorized into five dimensions of circular economy (CE): narrowing, slowing, closing, reintegrating, and technology, using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) with inputs from a panel of twenty-three experts. Furthermore, causal interrelationships and a prioritized list of these strategies are determined using the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. Of the twelve strategies, five are part of the causal group, while the remainder are in the effect group. The top three causal CPDS are Design standardization, Design with responsible materials, and Design for redesign and remanufacturing. Conversely, the CPDS under the ‘effect’ group with least impact includes Multifunctional product design, Artificial intelligence in design forecasting, and Computer-aided product design. This study offers valuable managerial insights for decision-makers and designers in the apparel industry, guiding the implementing of CE practices throughout the apparel supply chain.
Study on the characteristics of weekend trips to three types of non-work destinations based on multi-source data: a case study of Shanghai, China
Authors: Jianzhong Huang , Gangyu Hu , Yuhan Liu , Tianran Zhang , Siling Chen , Yishuai Zhang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe proportion of Shanghai residents' non-commuting trips in the total number of urban trips has been increasing year by year. Non-commuting trips, as an important symbol of modernized lifestyles, reflect the use of urban resources by people in production and life, and their dynamic distribution and changes have extremely important guiding roles in the city's fine-tuned management and resource allocation. Taking Shanghai as an example, this paper extracts three types of urban function grids, namely, urban park green space, commercial consumption and public service through the establishment of Shanghai urban grid function identification system based on multi-source data such as Baidu LBS (Location-BasedServices), data, POI (Point of Interest) data, etc. Then 3 types of non-commuting trips, namely, urban park, commercial and public service are further classified and identified, and their characteristics are analyzed. The results show that: ①Urban park travel frequency is low, and the proportion of long-distance trip is high. Zhujiajiao Town, Nanjing East Road Street and Lujiazui Street are three main travel gathering nodes in the city. There is a close relationship between the main urban area and the suburbs and the main urban area is more dependent on the suburbs. ②The travel frequency of commercial is the highest and the average travel distance is the shortest. The trend of trip agglomeration to the main urban area is significant and the trip distribution shows an obvious multi-center trend. ③The travel frequency of public service is high and the average travel distance is short. The trip distribution shows an obvious hierarchical structure, gathering in the main urban area and suburban new towns. ④Songjiang, Jiading and Qingpu in the suburban new towns have stronger attraction. The study suggests that non-commuting trips have an important impact on the urban spatial network structure, which needs to be further analyzed and compared with the spatial network structure formed by commuting trips to find the links and differences, so as to provide research support for the optimization of urban spatial structure.
More than a wink and a nudge: examining the choice architecture of online government budget simulations
Authors: Afonso Whitney , Mohr Zachary 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Following the growing interest in using behavioral theory and choice architecture in the public sector, several new studies have looked at how changes in the choice architecture of budget simulations influence the participants’ budgetary decisions. These studies have also introduced the possible problem that participants may make inappropriate choices in the budget simulation, like creating a budget with unacceptably high budget surpluses. Building on Thaler and Sunstein’s NUDGES framework, we seek to answer the question, ‘How can budgetary choice architects correct for errors such as large ending surpluses at the end of the budget simulation?’ We replicate earlier results on budget starting conditions. Additionally, we test a budget treatment that encourages participants to reduce ending budget surpluses. The budget treatment works as intended and suggests that the large ending budget surpluses stem from errors made by participants in the simulation rather than loss aversion. The need to both nudge and budge participants is important for practicing choice architects, like public budgeters who have to design and implement tools that inform citizens and reveal accurate preferences that conform with legal requirements.
Rethinking authentic leadership: An alternative approach based on dynamic processes of active identity, self-regulation, and ironic processes of mental control
Authors: Bunjak Aldijana , Lord Robert G. , Acton Bryan P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite its popularity, authentic leadership remains enigmatic, with both advantages and disadvantages. The connection between authenticity (an internal process) and leadership (an external influence process) is complex. We introduce a theory that connects these processes through self-regulation, suggesting that authenticity results from managing multiple identities regulated by factors such as active self-identity. Using ironic processes theory, we propose a model that encourages leaders to focus on their active self rather than suppressing misaligned aspects. We present authenticity as a dynamic process, adaptable across individual, relational, and collective levels, with self-identity shifting contextually. This perspective offers insights into developing leader authenticity, addresses the limitations of the authentic leadership approach, and provides a roadmap for future research.
Well-posedness of quasilinear parabolic equations in time-weighted spaces
Authors: Matioc Bogdan-Vasile , Walker Christoph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Well-posedness in time-weighted spaces of certain quasilinear (and semilinear) parabolic evolution equations

$u'=A(u)u+f(u)$

is established. The focus lies on the case of strict inclusions

$\mathrm{dom}(f)\subsetneq \mathrm{dom}(A)$

of the domains of the nonlinearities

$u\mapsto f(u)$

and

$u\mapsto A(u)$

. Based on regularizing effects of parabolic equations it is shown that a semiflow is generated in intermediate spaces. In applications this allows one to derive global existence from weaker a priori estimates. The result is illustrated by examples of chemotaxis systems.
Violence, mental health and nutritional status in pregnant women: the Araraquara Cohort Study
Authors: Biagio Leonardo Domingos , Devakumar Delanjathan , da Silva Paula Louro , López Rossana Verónica Mendoza , Argentato Perla Pizzi , Luzia Liania Alves , Rondó Patrícia Helen Carvalho 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between violence and the nutritional status of pregnant women, and whether mental health could be a mediator in this relationship.

Design:
Cross-sectional study. Violence and mental health status were investigated using the following questionnaires: World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO-VAW), Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric, and lifestyle factors (smoking/alcohol consumption) were also investigated. The nutritional status of the women was assessed by the body mass index.

Setting:
Data were collected from February 2021 to August 2022 in Araraquara city, Brazil.

Participants:
Four hundred pregnant women recruited at 34 health units and the municipal maternity hospital.

Results:
Experience of violence was reported by 52.2% of the women and psychological violence in the last 12 months was the most prevalent type of domestic violence (19.5%). Approximately 43% of the women showed mental health changes and 59.7% had a risk of major depression. Women with mental health changes had an increased risk (OR=2.34) of obesity. Psychological violence in the last 12 months was associated with obesity (p=0.01) when mediated by mental health changes. The mediation effect was significant (β=0.708; 95%BCa CI=0.004-1.460), with mental health changes mediating 46.1% of the relationship between psychological violence and obesity.

Conclusions:
The relationship between psychological violence and obesity during pregnancy was mediated by changes in mental health. This original study shows that nutritional status is not limited to biological factors and highlights the importance of social, mental, and psychological factors.
Food environments in the Pacific region and efforts to improve them: a scoping review
Authors: Fusi Sela Ki Folau , Gómez-Donoso Clara , Backholer Kathryn , Browne Jennifer , Ferguson Megan , Cameron Adrian J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To understand the characteristics of food environments in the Pacific region, and the broader economic, policy and sociocultural surroundings that influence food choices and interventions to improve food environments for Pacific communities.

Design:
Systematic searches were conducted for articles related to food environments or factors influencing food choices from 1993 to 2024 in five academic databases, Google, Google Scholar and relevant organisations’ websites. Studies were included if they meet the eligibility criteria. Two authors independently reviewed the title and abstract of identified articles. Full-text screening was conducted before data were extracted from eligible studies. A narrative analysis was informed by an existing food environments framework.

Setting:
Pacific Island countries or territories that are a member of the Pacific Community (SPC).

Participants:
Not applicable.

Results:
From the sixty-six included studies (of 2520 records screened), it was clear that food environments in the Pacific region are characterised by high availability and promotion of ultra-processed unhealthy foods. These foods were reported to be cheaper than healthier alternatives and have poor nutritional labelling. Food trade and investment, together with sociocultural and political factors, were found to contribute to unhealthy food choices. Policy interventions have been implemented to address food environments; however, the development and implementation of food environment policies could be strengthened through stronger leadership, effective multisectoral collaboration and clear lines of responsibility.

Conclusions:
Interventions focused on improving physical, economic, policy and sociocultural influences on food choices should be prioritised in the Pacific region to improve the food environment and mitigate barriers to healthy eating.
Insurance design and arson-type risks
Authors: Lauzier Jean-Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe design the insurance contract when the insurer faces arson-type risks. We show that the optimal contract must be manipulation-proof. Therefore, it is continuous, has a bounded slope, and satisfies the no-sabotage condition when arson-type actions are free. Any contract that mixes a deductible, coinsurance, and an upper limit is manipulation-proof. A key feature of our models is that we provide a simple, general, and entirely elementary proof of manipulation-proofness that is easily adapted to different settings. We also show that the ability to perform arson-type actions reduces the insured’s welfare as less coverage is offered in equilibrium.
Failing the state self: on the politics of state shame
Authors: Verleye Zeger 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObservers have noted that world politics is replete with shame. Whether they observe this concerning the apologies regarding past atrocities, the felt necessity for revenge after a humiliating defeat, the feelings that populist leaders find antithetical to the greatness of their nation, or the affective responses to the latter's election, shame seems to be ubiquitous. Vital to understanding the particular politics of this emotion is the concept of state shame. However, the origins, divergent effects, and social and moral roles of state shame are left obscure in International Relations (IR) scholarship, making the concept undertheorized and in need of further elaboration. The primary goal of this research is to (re)conceptualize state shame as a narrative on the social position of the state by building on insights developed by IR theory, sociology, and social psychology. Moreover, the article proposes four types of state shame narratives, namely situational shame, narcissistic shame, aggressive shame, and deferential shame, that can separately account for the divergent effects and social and moral roles that the emotion can be attributed with. These four types, and the politics that characterize them, aim to capture and explain lived practices and meanings that state shame can come to hold.
Herbicide resistance is complex: a global review of cross-resistance in weeds within herbicide groups
Authors: Riechers Dean E. , Soltani Nader , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh , Concepcion Jeanaflor Crystal T. , Geddes Charles M. , Jugulam Mithila , Kaundun Shiv S. , Preston Christopher , Wuerrfel R. Joseph , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerbicides have been placed in global Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) herbicide groups based on their sites of action (e.g., acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides are grouped in HRAC Group 2). A major driving force for this classification system is that growers have been encouraged to rotate or mix herbicides from different HRAC groups to delay the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds, because in theory, all active ingredients within a herbicide group physiologically affect weeds similarly. Although herbicide resistance in weeds has been studied for decades, recent research on the biochemical and molecular basis for resistance has demonstrated that patterns of cross-resistance are usually quite complicated and much more complex than merely stating, for example, a certain weed population is Group 2-resistant. The objective of this review article is to highlight and describe the intricacies associated with the magnitude of herbicide resistance and cross-resistance patterns that have resulted from myriad target-site and non–target site resistance mechanisms in weeds, as well as environmental and application timing influences. Our hope is this review will provide opportunities for students, growers, agronomists, ag retailers, regulatory personnel, and research scientists to better understand and realize that herbicide resistance in weeds is far more complicated than previously considered when based solely on HRAC groups. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of cross-resistance patterns among weed species and populations may assist in managing herbicide-resistant biotypes in the short term by providing growers with previously unconsidered effective control options. This knowledge may also inform agrochemical company efforts aimed at developing new resistance-breaking chemistries and herbicide mixtures. However, in the long term, nonchemical management strategies, including cultural, mechanical, and biological weed management tactics, must also be implemented to prevent or delay increasingly problematic issues with weed resistance to current and future herbicides.
Modeling the Inception and Stepped Propagation of Upward Positive Lightning Leaders
Authors: Pantuso John G. , da Silva Caitano L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPositive lightning leaders are a ubiquitous, yet poorly understood, component of lightning flashes. Upward lightning started by positive leaders may be formed when nearby storm activity induces electrical charges in a tall structure, such as communications towers or wind turbines. Alternatively, upward lightning can be triggered with the rocket‐and‐wire technique. In this paper, we introduce a new self‐consistent model for this important discharge mode, one which solves Maxwell's equations under the quasi‐electrostatic approximation. The model also includes a realistic treatment of the nonlinear plasma conductivity within the leader channel. This new computational tool explains the origin of the positive leader speed, of 10s of km/s, as well as why it displays a steady behavior over time. The model also explains the temporal evolution of current to ground measured during the early stages of rocket‐triggered lightning, where the current exhibits a series of small‐amplitude pulses, which disappear over time. The article also outlines straightforward criteria for leader inception, which may have practical applications for lightning protection.