bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for the detection and quantification of viral contamination during the preparation of gene therapy drugs in a hospital pharmacy
Authors: Deramoudt Laure , Pinturaud Marine , Bouquet Peggy , Goffard Anne , Simon Nicolas , Odou Pascal 
Published: December 2024

Objective
The objective of the present study was to develop a method for sampling and detecting an adenovirus-derived gene therapy (GT) vector on isolator worksurfaces.

Methods
We used a quantitative PCR (q-PCR) to detect the viral genome in standard dilutions of pure GT product and extracts of sampled surfaces. We compared three devices for surface sampling (a cotton compress, a cotton swab and a polyester flocked swab) and performed positive control, negative control and induced contamination tests for each.

Results

Our results showed that the GT pure product is detected by the q-PCR assay and is amplified throughout the range of dilutions. The mean difference between the expected and measured number of vector particles in the q-PCR assay was 1.27 log. The numbers of particles in the total extracted volume were 4.66×10
8
for the polyester swab (7.8% of the initial quantity), 3.82×10
8
for a cotton compress (6.4%) and 2.88×10
7
for a cotton swab (4.8%).

Conclusion
These initial results suggest that viral monitoring of worksurfaces is feasible and will help us to validate the GT product supply chain.
Differences in HIV risk factors between South African adolescents and adult women and their association with sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Mkhize Pamela , Mehou-Loko Celia , Maphumulo Nokuthula , Radzey Nina , Abrahams Andrea G , Sibeko Sengeziwe , Harryparsad Rushil , Manhanzva Monalisa , Meyer Bahiah , Radebe Phumla , Liebenberg Lenine J P , Ngcapu Sinaye , Ahmed Nadia , Busakwe Funeka , Mqaba Noluthando , Archary Derseree , Sivro Aida , Samsunder Natasha , Potloane Disebo , Horsnell William , Jordan Christine , Abdool Karim Quarraisha , Bekker Linda-Gail , Passmore Jo-Ann , Jaspan Heather , Humphries Hilton , Masson Lindi 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesIn sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 86% of HIV infections in adolescents aged 15–19 years occur among girls. Their heightened susceptibility is likely influenced by converging sociobehavioural and biological factors, although the relative contributions remain unclear. To address this, we compared known and hypothesised risk factors for HIV between cisgender adolescent girls and adult women in South Africa and evaluated the relationships between these factors and sexually transmitted infection (STI) status.MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study included adolescent (n=305; 14–19 years) and adult females (n=114; 25–35 years) in two South African provinces (Western Cape (WC), KwaZulu-Natal (KZN)). Demographic and sociobehavioural data were collected by questionnaire. Colposcopy was conducted to identify cervicovaginal abnormalities, and tests for bacterial vaginosis (BV),Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeaeandTrichomonas vaginaliswere performed.ResultsAdults reported higher risk sexual behaviour than adolescents across multiple variables, although adolescents were more likely to have STIs than adults (62.8% vs 34.0%, respectively, p=0.0010 for WC; 42.5% vs 16.4%, respectively, p=0.0002 for KZN). Adolescents did, however, report earlier sexual debut (16 years old vs 17 years old, p<0.0001 for both sites) and KZN adolescents were more likely to use intravaginal sexual enhancers than adults (34.6% vs 20.6%, respectively, p=0.0417). Numbers of sexual partners (β-coefficient: 0.34, SE: 0.12, p=0.0054) and sex acts within the previous 3 months (β-coefficient: 0.25, SE: 0.09, p=0.0062) were associated with STIs in adolescents and trended to significance for adults. Intravaginal sexual enhancer use (KZN only; β-coefficient: 0.95, SE: 0.38, p=0.0118) and biological risk factors, including BV Nugent score (β-coefficient: 0.09, SE: 0.04, p=0.0257) and signs of cervicovaginal injury/inflammation (β-coefficient: 1.07, SE: 0.45, p=0.0171), were associated with STIs in adolescents but not adults.ConclusionsRisk factors for STIs including HIV may differ between age groups of girls and women, and mitigation interventions may need to be tailored accordingly.
Exploring Interactions Between Vineyard Performance, Grape and Wine Composition and Subregional Boundaries—The Terroir of Barossa Shiraz
Authors: Schmidtke Leigh M. , Bastian Susan E. P. , Bindon Keren , Bonada Marcos , Boss Paul K. , Bramley Robert G. V. , Danner Lukas , Petrie Paul R. , Gonzaga Lira Souza , Collins Cassandra 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: Viticulturists and winemakers have a considerable interest in understanding the influence of climate, soil, viticultural and winemaking practices on wine sensory outcomes—that is, understanding the terroir concept, which is important for regionality and claims of product distinctiveness. In this investigation, an empirical study of grape and wine composition, including sensory evaluations, was used to inform the delineation of subregional areas of the Barossa Zone geographical indicator (GI).Methods and Results: A spatiotemporal investigation of Shiraz was undertaken with vineyard zones selected to exemplify maximum heterogeneity within a site. Objective measures of vine performance and grape and wine composition were clustered using the k‐means approach, and up to three clusters of vineyard sites were evident within the dataset. Clusters were associated with vineyard elevation and thus growing temperatures. The most important measures of composition defining each cluster were the volatiles ethyl octanoate, diethyl succinate, 1,8‐cineole and 3‐methyl butyl acetate in grapes. Sensory attribute intensity differences were apparent for wines from some subregions, and projection of the important attributes for clusters defined in this study to key sensory differences shows a high variance in composition related to sensory features from year to year. The spatial outcomes of clusters for vineyard sites align with of some outcomes of prior clustering approaches using data‐rich sources for precision agriculture.Conclusions: Subregional zones within the Barossa can be identified where sufficient variations between vineyard elevations exist that impart grape compositional differences, which in turn translate into wine sensory attributes.Significance of the Study: This empirical study provides some evidence for regionality within the Barossa with up to three subregions identified in some vintages.
Autoimmune-Like Mechanism in Heart Failure Enables Preventive Vaccine Therapy
Authors: Martini Elisa , Cremonesi Marco , Felicetta Arianna , Serio Simone , Puccio Simone , Pelamatti Erica , van Beek Jasper J.P. , Papadopoulou Vasiliki , Catalano Chiara , Fanuele Francesca , Giuliano Desirée , Basso Gianluca , Bonfiglio Cecilia Assunta , Panico Cristina , Vacchiano Marco , Carullo Pierluigi , Papa Laura , D’Andrea Carla , Tuzger Naz , Marchini Sergio , Magistroni Paola , Deaglio Silvia , Amoroso Antonio , Lugli Enrico , Condorelli Gianluigi , Kallikourdis Marinos 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Heart failure (HF) is strongly associated with inflammation. In pressure overload (PO)–induced HF, cardiac stress triggers adaptive immunity, ablation or inhibition of which blocks disease progression. We hypothesized that PO-HF might fulfill the often-used criteria of autoimmunity: if so, the associated adaptive immune response would be not only necessary but also sufficient to induce HF; it should also be possible to identify self-antigens driving the autoimmune response. Finally, we hypothesized that such an antigen-specific response can be manipulated to preventively reduce the severity of PO-HF in a tolerizing vaccine.

METHODS:
We used the transfer of lymphocytes or serum from PO-HF mice into healthy recipients to assess whether the adaptive response is sufficient to induce disease. We devised a novel pipeline to identify self-antigens driving the response. We immunized healthy mice with novel antigens to assess whether they induce disease. To determine whether these antigens could be present in human patients, we sought to detect existing responses against these antigens in patients with HF. Finally, we used the antigens in an oral tolerance protocol to preventively protect mice from subsequently induced PO-HF, analyzing the results with next-generation sequencing.

RESULTS:

We found that PO-HF fulfills the criteria of an autoimmune disease, albeit partially, and identified novel cardiac self-antigens, capable of inducing cardiac dysfunction. The novel antigens in a tolerizing vaccine formulation preemptively reduced the severity of disease triggered by subsequent application of PO, via induction of effector regulatory T cells, enabling a potent reduction of PO-driven loss of systolic function, cardiac inflammation, and proinflammatory CD4
+
T-cell clonal expansion.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrate that PO-HF is triggered by hemodynamic stress and then sets off an autoimmune-like response against cardiac self-antigens. The antigens can be used to reduce the severity of future-onset disease, via oral tolerization, effectively acting as a protective vaccine.
A Vaccine Against Fibroblast Activation Protein Improves Murine Cardiac Fibrosis by Preventing the Accumulation of Myofibroblasts
Authors: Yoshida Shota , Hayashi Hiroki , Kawahara Takuro , Katsuki Shunsuke , Kimura Mitsukuni , Hino Rissei , Sun Jiao , Nakamaru Ryo , Tenma Akiko , Toyoura Masayoshi , Baba Satoshi , Shimamura Munehisa , Katsuya Tomohiro , Morishita Ryuichi , Rakugi Hiromi , Matoba Tetsuya , Nakagami Hironori 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Myofibroblasts are primary cells involved in chronic response-induced cardiac fibrosis. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a relatively specific marker of activated myofibroblasts and a potential target molecule. This study aimed to clarify whether a vaccine targeting FAP could eliminate myofibroblasts in chronic cardiac stress model mice and reduce cardiac fibrosis.

METHODS:
We coadministered a FAP peptide vaccine with a cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) K3 oligonucleotide adjuvant to male C57/BL6J mice and confirmed an elevation in the anti-FAP antibody titer. After continuous angiotensin II and phenylephrine administration for 28 days, we evaluated the degree of cardiac fibrosis and the number of myofibroblasts in cardiac tissues.

RESULTS:

We found that cardiac fibrosis was significantly decreased in the FAP-vaccinated mice compared with the angiotensin II and phenylephrine control mice (3.45±1.11% versus 8.62±4.79%;
P
=4.59×10
−3
) and that the accumulation of FAP-positive cells was also significantly decreased, as indicated by FAP immunohistochemical staining (4077±1746 versus 7327±1741 cells/mm
2
; FAP vaccine versus angiotensin II and phenylephrine control;
P
=6.67×10
−3
). No systemic or organ-specific inflammation due to antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity induced by the FAP vaccine was observed. Although the transient activation of myofibroblasts has an important role in maintaining the structural robustness in the process of tissue repair, the FAP vaccine showed no adverse effects in myocardial infarction and skin injury models.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrates the FAP vaccine can be a therapeutic tool for cardiac fibrosis.
GSK3β Deficiency Expands Obese Adipose Vasculature to Mitigate Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Wang Li , Li Jiajia , Tang Ping , Zhu Dongliang , Tai Lixin , Wang Yuan , Miyata Tsukiko , Woodgett James R. , Di Li-jun 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Maintaining a well-developed vascular system alongside adipose tissue (AT) expansion significantly reduces the risk of metabolic complications. Although GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta) is known for its role in various cellular processes, its specific functions in AT and regulation of body homeostasis have not been reported.

METHODS:

GSK3β-floxed and GSK3α-floxed mice were crossed with adiponectin-Cre mice to generate GSK3β or GSK3α adipocyte-specific knockout mice (GSK3β
ADKO
and GSK3α
ADKO
). A comprehensive whole-body metabolism analysis was performed on obese GSK3β
ADKO
mice induced by a high-fat diet. RNA sequencing was conducted on AT of both obese GSK3β
ADKO
and GSK3α
ADKO
mice. Various analyses, including vessel perfusion studies, lipolysis analysis, multiplex protein assays, in vitro protein phosphorylation assays, and whole-mount histology staining, were performed on AT of obese GSK3β
ADKO
mice. Tube-formation experiments were performed using 3B-11 endothelial cells cultured in the conditional medium of matured adipocytes under hypoxic conditions. Chromatin precipitation and immunofluorescence studies were conducted using cultured adipocytes with GSK3 inhibition.

RESULTS:
Our findings provide the first evidence that adipocyte-specific knockout of GSK3β expands AT vascularization and mitigates obesity-related metabolic disorders. GSK3β deficiency, but not GSK3α, in adipocytes activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), leading to increased phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of HIF-2α, resulting in enhanced transcriptional regulation. Consequently, adipocytes increased VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression, which engages VEGFR2 on endothelial cells, promoting angiogenesis, expanding the vasculature, and improving vessel perfusion within obese AT. GSK3β deficiency promotes AT remodeling, shifting unhealthy adipocyte function toward a healthier state by increasing insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin and preserving healthy adipocyte function. These effects lead to reduced fibrosis, reactive oxygen species, and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress in obese AT and improve metabolic disorders associated with obesity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Deletion of GSK3β in adipocytes activates the AMPK/HIF-2α/VEGF/VEGFR2 axis, promoting vasculature expansion within obese AT. This results in a significantly improved local microenvironment, reducing inflammation and effectively ameliorating metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
Imaginaries of Loss: the Case of Grief Memoirs
Authors: Fabry Regina E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recently, grief memoirs have gained momentum in the storytelling boom. They have also inspired and shaped current theorising in the philosophy of grief. However, the possibilities and limitations of memoirs for capturing grief experiences have received limited philosophical attention and critical reflection. In redressing this issue, I propose that memoirisation can help navigate and negotiate the recurrent temporal dynamics of grief by offering opportunities for configuring self-referential narrative structures. Specifically, memoirisation can give narrative form to the connections between the re-imagined past, the immediate present, and the pre-imagined future in response to the irrevocable loss of a significant person.
The Changing Nature of Convection over Earth’s Tropical Oceans from a Water Budget Perspective
Authors: Leitmann-Niimi Nicolas M. , Kummerow Christian D. , Hsiao Wei-Ting , Maloney Eric D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The water budget components of an atmospheric column are precipitation, evaporation, and horizontal water vapor divergence. This study finds that when precipitation from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), evaporation from the SeaFlux product, and water vapor divergence from ERA5 are employed, the degree of budget closure depends strongly on the location and time period. Variations in this error are not random, and this study seeks to better understand these biases as the climate system evolves. Errors are particularly significant over ocean regions in and near the west Pacific warm pool, where there are multiyear budget residuals of roughly 10% of the magnitude of precipitation. Biases in other tropical ocean basins are more seasonal and smaller in magnitude. Time-varying budget errors are strongly linked to variations in convective organization that vary with the large-scale environment; errors correlating with deep organized rain show coefficients of 0.62 and 0.56 in the west Pacific and central Pacific, respectively. Errors are linked to a lesser extent with cloud microphysical structures in the East Indian. Both factors affect rainfall retrievals through well-known precipitation bias mechanisms (beam-filling, convective/stratiform effects). Characteristics of the large-scale environment that produce changes in convective organization and precipitable ice water content are explored.
The Distinct Spatial Patterns and Physical Mechanisms of Coastal Boundary Layer Jets over the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Du Tianrui , Zhi Xiefei , Wang Yuhong , Zhou Liqun , Zhang Ling , Zhu Shoupeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two distinct spatial patterns of coastal boundary layer jets in the northern South China Sea (CBLJ-NSCS) in June 2015–22 are investigated using hourly output data from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with a horizontal grid spacing of 9 km and ERA5 data. Spatial pattern 1 shows a high-incidence core on the east side of Hainan Island, while pattern 2 features dual high-incidence cores covering both the east side of Hainan Island and the waters south of Guangdong, with the latter being stronger and more extensive. Unique diurnal cycles have been observed in different high-incidence cores of CBLJ-NSCS: the western core, on the east side of Hainan Island, peaks at night and shows a secondary afternoon subpeak, while the eastern core, located south of Guangdong, reaches its maximum intensity at night with a morning subpeak. Inertial oscillations triggered by large-scale perturbation wind circulation and momentum propagation from upstream Indochina Peninsula CBLJs explain the nocturnal enhancement of both cores. The thermal effect exerted by Hainan Island largely contributes to the afternoon enhancement in the western core. The formation of the morning subpeak of the eastern core results from strong convergence and lifting in the northeast region of it. When upstream CBLJs along the Annamite Range intensify, more momentum is propagated to the eastern core instead of the western one due to wind field changes, which promotes the transition from spatial pattern 1 to pattern 2.

Significance Statement
Two spatial patterns of coastal boundary layer jets in the northern South China Sea have been identified. Spatial pattern 1 shows a high-incidence core on the east side of Hainan Island, while pattern 2 features dual high-incidence cores covering both the east side of Hainan Island and the waters south of Guangdong. The transition between these two spatial patterns is related to low-level westerly winds along the coast of the Annamite Range. This study has uncovered the novel spatial pattern of coastal boundary layer jets in the northern South China Sea and provides new insights into precipitation research in southern China, considering the substantial influence of these jets on coastal weather.
Diet interventions for depression: Review and recommendations for practice
Authors: Staudacher Heidi M , Teasdale Scott , Cowan Caitlin , Opie Rachelle , Jacka Felice N , Rocks Tetyana 
Published: December 2024

Objective: this paper aims to present the evidence for the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of depression, review the potential underlying mechanisms and provide practice recommendations for mental health clinicians. Methods: A literature review was conducted through searches of PubMed with the search terms ‘depression’, ‘diet’, ‘prevention’, ‘treatment’ and ‘mechanisms’ and combinations thereof. Additional articles were identified through hand searching. Results: Greater adherence to several healthy dietary patterns, traditional diets such as the Mediterranean diet and other diets such as the DASH diet are associated with or can treat symptoms of depression. Several limitations of the research were noted, many of which relate to inherent challenges of studying diet. Mechanisms by which dietary intervention can influence mood include the gut microbiome, modulation of inflammatory processes, reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Recommendations for mental health clinicians to enable translation of the evidence into practice are provided. Conclusion: Diet can play an important role in preventing and treating depression. Mental health clinicians are well placed to provide dietary counselling and to use clinical judgement in choosing the specific approach that reflects the needs of the patient but are encouraged to refer to a specialist dietitian where necessary.
Influence of scaffold geometry on the degradation rate of 3D printed polylactic acid bone scaffold
Authors: Khaki Nazanin , Sharifi Emad , Solati-hashjin Mehran , Abolfathi Nabiolah 
Published: December 2024

Fabricating scaffolds using three-dimensional (3D) printing is an emerging approach in tissue engineering (TE), where filaments with a controlled arrangement are printed. Using fused deposition modeling in bone replacement enables the simulation of bone structure. However, the microenvironment created by the scaffold must meet specific requirements. These requirements aim to create an environment that promotes adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and cell migration. One of the challenges in creating polylactic acid scaffolds is controlling the degradation rate to match the target tissue. This study investigates the degradation of scaffolds with different geometries and the relationship between scaffolds’ geometry and degradation rate. These scaffolds are made of polylactic acid and prepared using 3D printing. The lattice geometry was exposed to acidic media with varying pH levels for 1 month, and pH2 was selected for all geometries for further investigation. The five selected geometries were then immersed in the desired acid for 2 months, and measurements were taken for wet weight, dry weight, morphology, molecular weight, and crystallinity during degradation. The results showed that the hexagonal sample had a 1.5% increase in wet weight, and the gyroid sample had a 1.2% increase, indicating that the wavy shapes had a higher fluid-holding capacity. The degradation analysis indicated that the hexagonal geometry had accelerated degradation compared to the other geometries. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that filament separation not only results in rapid cooling and prevents the recovery of the crystalline arrangement but also increases the surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more acid penetration and faster degradation. Finally, mechanical properties and in vitro evaluation were assessed for three selected geometries. On the 60th day, the hexagonal scaffold had the highest elastic modulus value of 105 ± 0.45 MPa, while the gyroid scaffold had the lowest value of 58.8 ± 0.40 MPa. The lattice scaffold had the highest amount of cell attachment, with 210.88 ± 0.35 cells surviving after 24 hours and 94.01 ± 0.18 cells surviving after 72 hours. These high viability rates indicate that the three scaffolds with the selected geometries are suitable for promoting cell growth.