bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus and contentious statements on the use of probiotics in clinical practice: A south east Asian gastro‐neuro motility association working team report
Authors: Gwee Kok‐Ann , Lee Warren Wei‐Rhen , Ling Khoon Lin , Ooi Choon Jin , Quak Seng Hock , Dan Yock Young , Siah Kewin Tien‐Ho , Huang James Guoxian , Chua Andrew Seng Boon , Hilmi Ida Normiha , Raja Ali Raja Affendi , Ong Christina , Simadibrata Marcellus , Abdullah Murdani , Sollano Jose D , Leelakusolvong Somchai , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Lee Yeong Yeh , Ricaforte‐Campos Jane D , Yin Yee Kian , Chong Kuck‐Meng , Wong Chong Yuen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe concept of consuming microorganisms in the treatment of a medical condition and in health maintenance has gained much attraction, giving rise to an abundance of medical claims and of health supplements. This study identified relevant clinical questions on the therapeutic use of probiotics and reviewed the literature in irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, impaired intestinal immunity, liver disease, intestinal infections, and common childhood digestive disorders. Statements were developed to address these clinical questions. A panel of experienced clinicians was tasked to critically evaluate and debate the available data. Both consensus and contentious statements are presented to provide to clinicians a perspective on the potential of probiotics and importantly their limitations.
Self‐injurious behaviours in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Authors: Gulsrud A. , Lin C. E. , Park M. N. , Hellemann G. , McCracken J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injurious behaviours (SIB) are concerning, maladaptive behaviours that commonly occur in people with neurodevelopmental conditions and delays but seem to be particularly prevalent in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There has been increasing research examining the risk markers associated with the presence of SIB in people with ASD. Some of the factors associated with SIB have included cognitive abilities, adaptive functioning deficits and behaviour regulation impairments (e.g. impulsivity and repetitive behaviours). However, many of the findings in the literature are mixed and only explain a small proportion of the variance contributing to SIB. Limitations in the previous literature have centred on lack of availability of large and diverse samples, restricted age ranges and constraints of measurement.MethodThis study characterises a clinic‐referred sample of children and adults currently presenting with and without SIB using a range of standardised and parent‐report measures. The sample includes 144 individuals with ASD between the ages of 2.5 and 60.1 years.ResultsAfter adjusting for multiple tests, none of the variables maintained statistical significance between the group of individuals with and without SIB, but medium to large effect sizes were noted. These variables include parent‐reported early motor and toileting delays and perinatal risk, and current cognitive and social impairment. The remaining variables, including current autism severity levels, early ASD symptomatology, impulsivity, executive functioning impairments, adaptive functioning, mood and anxiety, did not differ between those with and without current engagement in SIB.ConclusionsUtilising a diverse clinic‐referred sample and standardised diagnostic tools, this study explored retrospective and current correlate risk markers of SIB in individuals with ASD. In addition to impairments in current functioning, specific early developmental delays and perinatal risk factors were preliminarily associated with the presence of SIB in individuals with ASD. Together these findings suggest that a set of specific characteristics may be related to both early risk and concurrent manifestation of SIB. Identifying this set of characteristics in early development may lead to faster identification and better intervention services, but future work utilising longitudinal design and multivariate analysis is warranted.
How to improve sharing and application of knowledge in care and support for people with intellectual disabilities? A systematic review
Authors: Kersten M. C. O. , Taminiau E. F. , Schuurman M. I. M. , Weggeman M. C. D. P. , Embregts P. J. C. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo optimise care and support for people with intellectual disabilities (ID), sharing and application of knowledge is a precondition. In healthcare in general, there is a body of knowledge on bridging the ‘know‐do‐gap’. However, it is not known to what extent the identified barriers and facilitators to knowledge sharing and application also hold for the care and support of people with ID, due to its specific characteristics including long‐term care. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to identify which organisational factors are enabling and/or disabling in stimulating the sharing and application of knowledge in the care and support of people with ID.MethodA systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases of relevant articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2015. During each phase of selection and analysis a minimum of two independent reviewers assessed all articles according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsIn total 2,256 articles were retrieved, of which 19 articles met our inclusion criteria. All organisational factors retrieved from these articles were categorised into three main clusters: (1) characteristics of the intervention (factors related to the tools and processes by which the method was implemented); (2) factors related to people (both at an individual and group level); and, (3) factors related to the organisational context (both material factors (office arrangements and ICT system, resources, time and organisation) and immaterial factors (training, staff, size of team)).ConclusionOverall analyses of the retrieved factors suggest that they are related to each other through the preconditional role of management (i.e., practice leadership) and the key role of professionals (i.e. (in)ability to fulfill new roles).
Impact of sleep on executive functioning in school‐age children with Down syndrome
Authors: Esbensen A. J. , Hoffman E. K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems have an impact on executive functioning in the general population. While children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for sleep problems, the impact of these sleep problems on executive functioning in school‐age children with DS is less well documented. Our study examined the relationship between parent‐reported and actigraphy‐measured sleep duration and sleep quality with parent and teacher reports and neuropsychology assessments of executive functioning among school‐age children with DS.MethodThirty school‐age children with DS wore an actigraph watch for a week at home at night. Their parent completed ratings of the child's sleep during that same week. Children completed a neuropsychology assessment of their inhibitory control, ability to shift and working memory. Their parents and teachers completed rating scales to assess these same constructs of executive functioning.ResultsParent reports of restless sleep behaviours on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), but not actigraph‐measured sleep period or efficiency, were predictive of parent reports of concerns with inhibitory control, shifting and working memory, and of teacher reports of inhibitory control. No measure of sleep was predictive of executive functioning as measured by the neuropsychology assessment.ConclusionThe study findings corroborate the preliminary literature that parent‐reported sleep problems are related to executive functioning in school‐age children with DS, particularly in the area of inhibitory control across home and school. These findings have implications for understanding contributing factors to academic performance and school behaviour in school‐age children with DS.
Engaging Stakeholders in the Development of an eHealth Intervention for Cancer Symptom Management for Rural Residents
Authors: Gilbertson‐White Stephanie , Yeung Chi W. , Saeidzadeh Seyedehtanaz , Tykol Hannah , Vikas Praveen , Cannon Ashley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundLate‐stage cancer diagnoses disproportionately occur in rural residents, frequently resulting in increased need for symptom management support with minimal access to these services. Oncology Associated Symptoms and Individualized Strategies (OASIS) is an eHealth symptom self‐management intervention that was developed to provide cancer symptom self‐management support and address this disparity.PurposeTo engage stakeholders about the symptom management needs and concerns of patients with advanced cancer living in rural areas.MethodsA 3‐phased, mixed‐methods design was used to (1) assess stakeholder needs and opinions; (2) develop a symptom self‐management website; and (3) obtain usability feedback from potential users. Interviews with stakeholders (patients and clinic staff) from rural areas using a descriptive qualitative approach were analyzed; cross‐cutting themes were identified; a symptom management web application was developed; and stakeholders completed a 12‐item usability survey about the web application.ResultsPatients (n = 16) and clinical staff (n = 10) participated in phase 1. Three major themes were identified: “symptom experience,” “symptom management,” and “technology.” Through an iterative process using these results and evidence from the literature, the OASIS web application was developed. Usability testing with N = 126 stakeholders demonstrated that the web application is easy to use, contains relevant content, and has pleasing graphics. No differences were found among patients, family/friends, and staff. Both frequent and infrequent internet users positively evaluated the web application. ConclusionsRural stakeholders report significant symptom management needs, are interested in eHealth technologies, and perceived OASIS positively. Future research is needed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of OASIS.
Oxygen concentration drives local adaptation in the greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata)
Authors: Lampert Kathrin P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding adaptation has become one of the major biological questions especially in the light of rapid environmental changes induced by climate change. Ocean temperatures are rising which triggers massive changes in water chemistry and thereby alters the living environment of all marine organisms. Studying adaptation, however, can be tricky because spatial genetic patterns might also occur due to random effects, for example, genetic drift. Genetic drift is reduced in very large and well‐connected populations, such as in broadcast marine spawning organisms. Here, spatial genetic divergence is likely to be produced by selection. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Sandoval‐Castillo et al. (2018) investigated patterns of spatial genetic divergence and their association with environmental factors in the greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata). This commercially important species of mollusc is a broadcast spawner with large population sizes, rendering genetic drift an unlikely factor in the genetic divergence of wild populations. Sandoval‐Castillo et al. (2018) used a ddRAD genomic approach to test for genetic divergence between sampled populations while also measuring different environmental factors, for example, water temperature and oxygen content. The majority of identified SNPs was putatively neutral and showed only low levels of genetic divergence between field sites. However, 323 candidate adaptive markers were identified that clearly separated the individuals into five different clusters. These genetic clusters correlated with environmental clusters mainly determined by water temperature and (correlated) oxygen concentration. Gene annotation of the candidate SNPs revealed a large proportion of loci being involved in biological processes influenced by oxygen availability. The study by Sandoval‐Castillo et al. (2018) in this issue of Molecular Ecology exemplifies the benefits of combining genomic studies with ecological data. It is a great starting point for more detailed (gene function, physiology) as well as broader (biodiversity) investigations that might help us to better understand adaptation and predict ecosystems' resilience and resistance to environmental disturbances. In addition, this information can be applied to implement optimal conservation regime policies and sustainable harvesting strategies, hopefully protecting biodiversity as well as commercial interests in marine life.
Nationality and religion
Authors: Grosby Steven 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough both of the categories of nationality and religion are difficult to define, it is nonetheless necessary to do so. Having done so, one can proceed with clarifying what is distinctive of each of them, and, thus, be in a position to ascertain their points of convergence and difference. Evaluation of the contribution of Anthony Smith to our understanding of the relation between nationality and religion is the point of departure for a re‐examination of the relation.
Indigenous myths and nation building in Latin America
Authors: Gutierrez Natividad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn Latin America, ethnicity is equated with indigenity. It is an objective of this article to review the legacy of Anthony Smith regarding the vitality of the ethnic past and the myth of origin, as the core of his theory of nationalism based on the weight of ethnocentrism. To this end, we address two routes, the use of the ethnic past and ethnicity by nationalists and founders of the state and, how indigenous intellectuals, on the other, have found a reinvention of their identities through various myths of Amerindian origin. Ethnic myths and the use of the ethnic past have been accepted, denied or rejected by nationalists, while indigenous peoples adhere to their own myths or seek to reinvent them. Mythical information is a component of identity but also requires institutions to disseminate such information among the group.
Long‐term outcome of peanut oral immunotherapy—Real‐life experience
Authors: Nachshon Liat , Goldberg Michael R. , Katz Yitzhak , Levy Michael B. , Elizur Arnon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral immunotherapy (OIT) is currently recommended as a treatment option for peanut‐allergic patients. Data regarding its long‐term compliance and efficacy in real life are required.MethodsPeanut‐allergic patients aged ≥4 years were enrolled in a single‐center clinical OIT program. Buildup to 3000 mg peanut protein was performed. Patients reaching this dose before or after 12/2014 were instructed to consume 3000 or 1200 mg daily, respectively. Patients were followed ≥6 months after reaching maintenance and rechallenged to 3000 mg.ResultsOf the 145 patients studied, 113 (77.9%) were fully desensitized to 3000 mg and 133 (91.7%) were desensitized to ≥300 mg. 21/145 patients (14.5%) required adrenaline for home‐dose reactions during buildup. Non‐anaphylactic gastrointestinal symptoms, experienced by 9 patients (6.2%), reversed with dose reduction. Of the 111 patients available for analysis 6 months after reaching 3000 mg, 97 (87.4%) continued regular peanut consumption. Only 2/111 patients (1.8%) required adrenaline over the long‐term (median, range; 18, 6‐75 months) follow‐up. Adherence to treatment was significantly higher in patients consuming 1200 mg (73/76, 96.1%) vs those consuming 3000 mg (24/35, 72.2%), (P = .001). A higher maintenance dosage and home adrenaline requirement during buildup predicted adherence cessation (OR 12.5, P = .001; and OR 7.8, P = .02, respectively). 63/64 patients (98.4%) consuming 1200 mg maintenance dose were successfully rechallenged to 3000 mg.ConclusionsThis real‐life experience demonstrates the efficacy of peanut OIT long‐term. A lower maintenance dose minimized treatment cessation while maintaining desensitization. OIT should be performed in qualified centers given the prevalence of adverse reactions, particularly during buildup.
Gut evolution in early Cambrian trilobites and the origin of predation on infaunal macroinvertebrates: evidence from muscle scars inMesolenellus
Authors: Lerosey‐Aubril Rudy , Peel John S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTrilobites are particularly common Cambrian fossils, but their trophic impact on the rapidly evolving marine ecosystems of that time is difficult to assess, due to uncertainties on how diverse their feeding habits truly were. Gut anatomy might help to constrain inferences on trilobite feeding ecology, but preservation of digestive organs is exceedingly rare. Muscle scars on the glabella, known as ‘frontal auxiliary impressions’ (FAIs), have been interpreted as evidence of the evolution of a pouch‐like organ with powerful extrinsic muscles (i.e. a crop) in some trilobites. Here we describeFAIs inMesolenellus hyperboreusfrom Cambrian Stage 4 strata of North Greenland, which represents the oldest example of such structures and their first report in the Suborder Olenellina.MesolenellusFAIs suggest that the crop in trilobites was clearly differentiated from the rest of the digestive tract, and essentially located under a hypertrophied glabellar frontal lobe. Reviews of the digestive anatomy of trilobite sister‐taxa and the glabellar morphology of the oldest‐known trilobites suggest that the gut of the trilobite ancestor was an essentially simple tract (i.e. no well‐differentiated crop) flanked laterally by numerous midgut glands. A crop first evolved in the Cambrian in groups like olenelloids and (later) paradoxidoids. Using ichnological evidence, we hypothesize that the emergence of olenelloids yields evidence for the evolution of predatory inclinations in a group of arthropods originally dominated by surface‐deposit‐feeders. By allowing the exploitation of a rapidly developing food source, infaunal animals, the diversification of feeding strategies in trilobites might partially explain their unparalleled evolutionary success.
Outcomes of single kidney transplantation from pediatric donors: A single‐center experience
Authors: Jiang Yamei , Song Turun , Qiu Yang , Liu Jinpeng , Wang Zhiling , Wang Xianding , Huang Zhongli , Fan Yu , Wang Li , Lin Tao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKidneys from pDDs are increasingly used to narrow the huge gap between incremental demand and static supply. However, there is still controversy on the clinical outcome of SKT from pDDs. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 452 adult recipients in our center between March 2012 and February 2017. Outcomes of 3 groups, transplants with organs from pDDs (n=50), aDDs (n=207), and LDs (n=195), were compared. The mean age and weight of pDDs were 8.98 years (range 8 months‐17 years) and 30.05 kg (range 8.2‐55 kg), respectively. There was no difference in 1‐year (96.0%, 98.1%, and 99.0%, respectively, P=.277) and 3‐year patient survival (96.0%, 98.1%, and 99.0%, respectively, P=.277) or in 1‐year (96.0%, 96.6%, and 98.5%, P=.307) and 3‐year (96.0%, 96.6% and 97.9%, P=.437) graft survival. SCr, eGFR, and allograft size were similar among the 3 groups at 6th month post‐transplant and thereafter. Incidence of DGF was higher in patients of the aDD group than those in the pDD group (22.7% vs 10.0%, P<.001), but there was no difference in AR and infection. SKT from pDDs to adult recipients is effective and safe with acceptable outcomes, and it will be a promising expansion to the donor pool.
Intra‐operative portal hemodynamics in pediatric LDLT: Doppler ultrasound surveillance
Authors: Gu Lihong , Fang Hua , Zhang Shijun , Chi Jiachang , Li Fenghua , Xia Qiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDoppler ultrasonography is useful in monitoring intra‐operative PV flow in LDLT. A retrospective cohort study included 550 pediatric recipients (<18 years) who underwent LDLT from October 2006 to August 2016 in our hospital. A total of 33 recipients (incidence 6%) were found to have insufficient intra‐operative PV flow after PV reperfusion. The treatments included intra‐operative stent placement (n=25), anticoagulation (n=3), thrombectomy and re‐anastomosis (n=2), graft repositioning (n=1), collateral ligation (n=1), and replaced PV (n=1). The peak PV velocity, HAPSV, HARI, and HV velocity before and after the interventions were significantly improved 0(0,5.5) cm/s vs. 37.36±15.30 cm/s, 38.68±8.92 cm/s vs. 62.30±16.97 cm/s, 0.55±0.08 vs. 0.76±0.10, and 32.37±10.33 cm/s vs. 40.94±15.01 cm/s, respectively (P<.01). Insufficient PV flow and decreased HARI are two significant criteria indicating need for intra‐operative PV management. Dramatic changes in the hepatic hemodynamics were detected after proper treatment. Immediate resolution of PV flow is feasible in pediatric LDLT.
Evolution of renal function and urinary biomarker indicators of inflammation on serial kidney biopsies in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with and without rejection
Authors: Mincham Christine M. , Gibson Ian W. , Sharma Atul , Wiebe Chris , Mandal Rupasri , Rush David , Nickerson Peter , Ho Julie , Wishart David S. , Blydt‐Hansen Tom D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUrinary CXCL10 and metabolites are biomarkers independently associated with TCMR. We sought to test whether these biomarkers fluctuate in association with histological severity of TCMR over short time frames. Forty‐nine pairs of renal biopsies obtained 1‐3 months apart from 40 pediatric renal transplant recipients were each scored for TCMR acuity score (i + t; Banff criteria). Urinary CXCL10:Cr and TCMR MDS were obtained at each biopsy and were tested for association with changes between biopsies in acuity, estimated GFR (ΔeGFR), and 12‐month ΔeGFR. Sequential biopsies were obtained 1.8 ± 0.8 months apart. Biopsy 1 was usually obtained under protocol (75%), and 62% percent had evidence of TCMR. Using each biopsy pair for comparison, ΔeGFR did not predict change in acuity. By contrast, change in acuity was significantly correlated with change in urinary CXCL10:Cr (ρ 0.45, P = .003) and MDS (ρ 0.29, P = .04) between biopsies. The 12‐month ΔeGFR was not predicted by TCMR acuity or CXCL10:Cr at Biopsy 2; however, an inverse correlation was seen with urinary MDS (ρ −0.35; P = .02). Changes in eGFR correlate poorly with evolving TCMR acuity on histology. Urinary biomarkers may be superior for non‐invasive monitoring of rejection, including histological response to therapy, and may be prognostic for medium‐term function.
Polymorphism of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes and their association with litter size in Markhoz goats
Authors: Shokrollahi B , Morammazi S 
Published: April 2018

ContentsThe main objective of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes and their relationship with litter size in Markhoz goats. The polymorphism of GDF9 and BMPR1B genes as well‐documented genes regarding fecundity in sheep and goat was investigated using RFLP‐PCR and a tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system‐PCR (T‐ARMS‐PCR) in Markhoz goats. The 164 blood samples were collected from the raised goats in Sanandaj Markhoz goat Performance Testing Station. The DNA extraction was carried out by salting‐out procedure, and then, PCR was performed using four and two pairs of primers to detect polymorphism in GDF9 and BMPR1B genes, respectively. To disclose GDF9 loci polymorphism, PCR products were digested with SspI (G3288A), PvuII (G423A), MvaI (A959C) and MspI (G1189A) restriction enzymes. The results showed that these mutations are available in tested animals. Parity had no significant effect on litter size. Also, the effects of different genotypes of GDF9 and BMPR1B had no significant effect on litter size. Further studies with a high number of animals with minimum relatedness for testing the association of these SNPs and others in the fecundity genes with reproductive traits may be worthwhile.