bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Electrolytes on the Photocurrent of N‐Annulated Perylene‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells Based on NiO as Photocathode
Authors: Zhang Shicong , Li Xing , Yun Kang , Yu Fengtao , Hua Jianli 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe new organic dye NPP with N‐annulated perylene (NP) as donor, bithiophene as π bridge and perylenemonoimide (PMI) as acceptor has been synthesized and applied for dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPEC). Phosphate (PBS), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and acetate buffer solution (ABS) have been employed as electrolytes to investigate their effects on the photocurrent of the DSPEC. After 200 s illumination, PBS, ABS and Na2SO4 based cells exhibited a photocurrent of −13, −7 and −7 μA cm−2, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated that the DSPEC device with PBS as electrolyte showed the smallest charge transfer resistance (Rct) and largest hole lifetime, which might best explain the highest photocurrent found for the PBS based device. In addition, incident monochromatic photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the photoelectrochemical cells with PBS, ABS and Na2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolytes was determined. The IPCE of the PBS based device was the highest at 430∼620 nm and the result was consistent with the measured photocurrent. However, under long‐time illumination, the acetate buffer solution based device displayed the highest stability. Hence, the results show that the electrolytes have a significant effect on the photocurrent and stability of DSPECs.
A Molecular Level Approach To Elucidate the Supramolecular Packing of Light‐Harvesting Antenna Systems
Authors: Thomas Brijith , Dubey Rajeev K. , Clabbers Max T. B. , Gupta Karthick Babu Sai Sankar , van Genderen Eric , Jager Wolter F. , Abrahams Jan Pieter , Sudholter Ernst J. R. , de Groot Huub J. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe molecular geometry and supramolecular packing of two bichromophoric prototypic light harvesting compounds D1A2 and D2A2, consisting of two naphthylimide energy donors that were attached to the 1,7 bay positions of a perylene monoimide diester energy acceptor, have been determined by a hybrid approach using magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and electron nano‐crystallography (ENC), followed by modelling. NMR shift constraints, combined with the P
space group obtained from ENC, were used to generate a centrosymmetric dimer of truncated perylene fragments. This racemic packing motif is used in a biased molecular replacement approach to generate a partial 3D electrostatic scattering potential map. Resolving the structure of the bay substituents is guided by the inversion symmetry, and the distance constraints obtained from heteronuclear correlation spectra. The antenna molecules form a pseudocrystalline lattice of antiparallel centrosymmetric dimers with pockets of partially disordered bay substituents. The two molecules in a unit cell form a butterfly‐type arrangement. The hybrid methodology that has been developed is robust and widely applicable for critical structural underpinning of self‐assembling structures of large organic molecules.
A Comparative Study on High Selectivities of Human Telomeric Dimeric G‐Quadruplexes by Dimeric G‐Quadruplex Binders
Authors: Liao Ting‐Cong , Ma Tian‐Zhu , Liang Zhi , Zhang Xin‐Tong , Luo Chun‐Yin , Liu Lihong , Zhou Chun‐Qiong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree new polyether‐tethered bisquinolinium dimers (3 a–c) were synthesized, and their binding affinities, selectivities, and thermal stabilization towards dimeric G‐quadruplex DNA (G2T1) in human telomeric regions were studied. The bisquinolinium dimer with a medium‐length polyether linker (3 b) showed 30–425‐fold higher binding affinity and selectivity towards antiparallel G2T1 than towards monomeric quadruplexes, which included human telomeric monomeric G‐quadruplexes (G1), c‐kit 1, c‐kit 2, and c‐myc. In addition, compound 3 b induced the formation of quadruplexes and displayed the highest level of thermal stabilization (ΔTm>28.1 °C) among all reported multimeric G‐quadruplex binders. Compound 3 b also displayed a higher selectivity towards antiparallel G2T1 than monomer 360 A and bisquinolinium dimers 3 a and c. In contrast with our recent research on the analogous berberine dimer 1 b and dinickel–salphen complex 2 c, polyether linkers and their monomeric G‐quadruplex binders in these dimeric G‐quadruplex binders play a crucial role in regulating the binding affinities, selectivities, and thermal stabilization towards G2T1. More interestingly, these dimeric G‐quadruplex compounds bind through end‐stacking with the two adjacent G‐quadruplex units in G2T1, and they showed high selectivity towards antiparallel G2T1 rather than mixed‐type G2T1. In addition, compound 3 b, which displayed high selectivity towards antiparallel G2T1, showed strong telomerase inhibition and potent anticancer activities against HeLa and MCF‐7 cells.
Assembly and Chiral Memory Effects of Dynamic Macroscopic Supramolecular Helices
Authors: Yuan Tianyu , Sun Zhimin , Mu Anthony U. , Zeng Minxiang , Kalin Alexander J. , Cheng Zhengdong , Olson Mark A. , Fang Lei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMacroscopic enantiomerically pure helical supramolecular fibers are bottom‐up assembled in aqueous media from a chiral π‐electron donor template and an achiral π‐electron acceptor. The helices can be assembled to the sub‐millimeter scale with controlled handedness. These dynamic supramolecular architectures allow for a quantitative exchange of the chiral donor template with achiral analogues. During this process, a chiral memory effect was observed, affording enantiomerically pure helices composed entirely of achiral components.
An Isolated Molecule of Iron(II) Phthalocyanin Exhibits Quintet Ground‐State: A Nexus between Theory and Experiment
Authors: Nachtigallová Dana , Antalík Andrej , Lo Rabindranath , Sedlák Robert , Manna Debashree , Tuček Jiří , Ugolotti Juri , Veis Libor , Legeza Örs , Pittner Jiří , Zbořil Radek , Hobza Pavel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) is an important member of the phthalocyanines family with potential applications in the fields of electrocatalysis, magnetic switching, electrochemical sensing, and phototheranostics. Despite the importance of electronic properties of FePc in these applications, a reliable determination of its ground‐state is still challenging. Here we present combined state of the art computational methods and experimental approaches, that is, Mössbauer spectroscopy and Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetic measurements to identify the ground state of FePc. While the nature of the ground state obtained with density functional theory (DFT) depends on the functional, giving mostly the triplet state, multi‐reference complete active space second‐order perturbation theory (CASPT2) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods assign quintet as the FePc ground‐state in gas‐phase. This has been confirmed by the hyperfine parameters obtained from 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy performed in frozen monochlorobenzene. The use of monochlorobenzene guarantees an isolated nature of the FePc as indicated by a zero Weiss temperature. The results open doors for exploring the ground state of other metal porphyrin molecules and their controlled spin transitions via external stimuli.
Direct Observation of H3–H4 Octasome by High‐Speed AFM
Authors: Zou Tingting , Hashiya Fumitaka , Wei Yulei , Yu Zutao , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sugiyama Hiroshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite evidence that histone H3 and H4 proteins may act as the precursor for orientating the DNA sequence to form nucleosome structures, there is no direct evidence of the formed compact structure. Here, it is demonstrated that a histone H3–H4 octasome could be constructed without the involvement of histone H2A–H2B under in vitro reconstitution conditions. Atomic force microscopy was used to obtain the first direct observation of the octasome structure, which exhibited a similar core‐protein size as that of a nucleosome but with a shorter core histone‐binding DNA region. The octasome also displayed a one‐step histone‐dissociation pattern under heat treatment, distinct micrococcal nuclease and peplomycin accessibility, which suggests a different wrapping pattern to that in nucleosomes.
Sexual dimorphism in visual and olfactory brain centers in the perfume‐collecting orchid beeEuglossa dilemma(Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Brand Philipp , Larcher Virginie , Couto Antoine , Sandoz Jean‐Christophe , Ramírez Santiago R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInsect mating behavior is controlled by a diverse array of sex‐specific traits and strategies that evolved to maximize mating success. Orchid bees exhibit a unique suite of perfume‐mediated mating behaviors. Male bees collect volatile compounds from their environment to concoct species‐specific perfume mixtures that are presumably used to attract conspecific females. Despite a growing understanding of the ecology and evolution of chemical signaling in orchid bees, many aspects of the functional adaptations involved, in particular regarding sensory systems, remain unknown. Here we investigated male and female brain morphology in the common orchid beeEuglossa dilemmaBembé & Eltz. Males exhibited increased relative volumes of the Medulla, a visual brain region, which correlated with larger compound eye size (area). While the overall volume of olfactory brain regions was similar between sexes, the antennal lobes exhibited several sex‐specific structures including one male‐specific macroglomerulus. These findings reveal sexual dimorphism in both the visual and the olfactory system of orchid bees. It highlights the tendency of an increased investment in the male visual system similar to that observed in other bee lineages, and suggests that visual input may play a more important role in orchid bee male mating behavior than previously thought. Furthermore, our results suggest that the evolution of perfume communication in orchid bees did not involve drastic changes in olfactory brain morphology compared to other bee lineages.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of cardiometabolic complications in longitudinal studies
Authors: Jacewicz‐Święcka Małgorzata , Kowalska Irina 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to perform a review of the longitudinal studies to determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with higher prevalence of metabolic complications and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The primary outcomes included body mass index, metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, lipid profile, arterial hypertension, abnormal glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes), insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases like stroke, angina, and coronary heart disease. Complications in pregnant women were beyond the scope of this review. PubMed database (1992‐2018) was searched to identify proper publications. Finally, data from 47 articles were analysed. Studies differed in the design (prospective, retrospective, cohort, observational), research methods, polycystic ovary syndrome diagnostic criteria, studied populations, race, and ethnicity of the participants. Based on the data collected, it appears that women with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher prevalence of obesity, abdominal fat distribution, dyslipidaemia and deterioration of glucose metabolism, but increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is not proven.
The neural crest and origin of the neurocranium in vertebrates
Authors: Kuratani Shigeru 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCranium of jawed vertebrates is composed of dorsal moiety that encapsulates the brain, or the neurocranium, and the is called the neurocranium, and the ventral moiety, the viscerocranium, that supports the pharynx. In modern jawed vertebrates (crown gnathostomes), the viscerocranium is predominantly of neural crest origin, and for the neurocranium, the rostral part is derived from neural crest cells, whereas the posterior part from the mesoderm. In the cyclostome cranium, the mesoderm/neural crest boundary of the neurocranium used to be enigmatic, let alone the morphological comparison of neurocranial between two cyclostome groups, lampreys and hagfishes. By examining the hagfish development it has become clear that cyclostomes share a common craniofacial embryonic pattern that is not shared by modern gnathostomes, and cyclostome cranium can be compared among the group as developmental modular units with comparable mesoderm/neural crest boundary within the neuroranium. Also, the dual origin of the jawed vertebrate neurocranium has now turned out to represent a derived condition, and ancestrally, the neurocranium would likely have been predominantly of mesodermal origin. Enlargement of the forebrain and reorganization of the oral apparatus seem to have led to the involvement of the neural crest in the rostral neurocranium.
Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration
Authors: Miller Sophie R. , Benito Cristina , Mirsky Rhona , Jessen Kristján R. , Baker Clare V. H. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe neural crest‐derived ensheathing glial cells of the olfactory nerve (OECs) are unique in spanning both the peripheral and central nervous systems: they ensheathe bundles of axons projecting from olfactory receptor neurons in the nasal epithelium to their targets in the olfactory bulb. OECs are clinically relevant as a promising autologous cell transplantation therapy for promoting central nervous system repair. They are also important for fertility, being required for the migration of embryonic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons from the olfactory placode along terminal nerve axons to the medial forebrain, which they enter caudal to the olfactory bulbs. Like Schwann cell precursors, OEC precursors associated with the developing olfactory nerve express the glial marker myelin protein zero and the key peripheral glial transcription factor Sox10. The transition from Schwann cell precursors to immature Schwann cells is accelerated by canonical Notch signaling via the Rbpj transcription factor. Here, we aimed to test the role of Notch/Rbpj signaling in developing OECs by blocking the pathway in both chicken and mouse. Our results suggest that Notch/Rbpj signaling prevents the cranial neural crest cells that colonize the olfactory nerve from differentiating as neurons, and at later stages contributes to the guidance of GnRH neurons.
Neural crest and the origin of species‐specific pattern
Authors: Schneider Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFor well over half of the 150 years since the discovery of the neural crest, the special ability of these cells to function as a source of species‐specific pattern has been clearly recognized. Initially, this observation arose in association with chimeric transplant experiments among differentially pigmented amphibians, where the neural crest origin for melanocytes had been duly noted. Shortly thereafter, the role of cranial neural crest cells in transmitting species‐specific information on size and shape to the pharyngeal arch skeleton as well as in regulating the timing of its differentiation became readily apparent. Since then, what has emerged is a deeper understanding of how the neural crest accomplishes such a presumably difficult mission, and this includes a more complete picture of the molecular and cellular programs whereby neural crest shapes the face of each species. This review covers studies on a broad range of vertebrates and describes neural‐crest‐mediated mechanisms that endow the craniofacial complex with species‐specific pattern. A major focus is on experiments in quail and duck embryos that reveal a hierarchy of cell‐autonomous and non‐autonomous signaling interactions through which neural crest generates species‐specific pattern in the craniofacial integument, skeleton, and musculature. By controlling size and shape throughout the development of these systems, the neural crest underlies the structural and functional integration of the craniofacial complex during evolution.
Rapamycin rescues BMP mediated midline craniosynostosis phenotype through reduction of mTOR signaling in a mouse model
Authors: Kramer Kaitrin , Yang Jingwen , Swanson W. Benton , Hayano Satoru , Toda Masako , Pan Haichun , Kim Jin Koo , Krebsbach Paul H. , Mishina Yuji 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCraniosynostosis is defined as congenital premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. While the genetic basis for about 30% of cases is known, the causative genes for the diverse presentations of the remainder of cases are unknown. The recently discovered cranial suture stem cell population affords an opportunity to identify early signaling pathways that contribute to craniosynostosis. We previously demonstrated that enhanced BMP signaling in neural crest cells (caA3 mutants) leads to premature cranial suture fusion resulting in midline craniosynostosis. Since enhanced mTOR signaling in neural crest cells leads to craniofacial bone lesions, we investigated the extent to which mTOR signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of BMP‐mediated craniosynostosis by affecting the suture stem cell population. Our results demonstrate a loss of suture stem cells in the caA3 mutant mice by the newborn stage. We have found increased activation of mTOR signaling in caA3 mutant mice during embryonic stages, but not at the newborn stage. Our study demonstrated that inhibition of mTOR signaling via rapamycin in a time specific manner partially rescued the loss of the suture stem cell population. This study provides insight into how enhanced BMP signaling regulates suture stem cells via mTOR activation.
ETS1 and PAX5 transcription factors recruit AID to Igh DNA
Authors: Grundström Christine , Kumar Anjani , Priya Anshu , Negi Neema , Grundström Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractB lymphocytes optimize antibody responses by class switch recombination (CSR), which changes the expressed constant region exon of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH), and by somatic hypermutation (SH) that introduces point mutations in the variable regions of the antibody genes. Activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is the key mutagenic enzyme that initiates both these antibody diversification processes by deaminating cytosine to uracil. Here we asked the question if transcription factors can mediate the specific targeting of the antibody diversification by recruiting AID. We have recently reported that AID is together with the transcription factors E2A, PAX5 and IRF4 in a complex on key sequences of the Igh locus. Here we report that also ETS1 is together with AID in this complex on key sequences of the Igh locus in splenic B cells of mice. Furthermore, we show that both ETS1 and PAX5 can directly recruit AID to DNA sequences from the Igh locus with the specific binding site for the transcription factor. Taken together, our findings support the notion of a targeting mechanism for the selective diversification of antibody genes with limited genome wide mutagenesis by recruitment of AID by PAX5 and ETS1 in a transcription factor complex.
Axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann method for non‐Newtonian flows
Authors: Li Yong , Zhuo Qiyou , You Wenyu 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA new axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for non‐Newtonian fluid flows. The model incorporates the additional axisymmetric contributions into the evolution equation by introducing a force term. The precise form of the Navier‐Stokes equations in the cylindrical polar coordinate system is derived through Chapman‐Enskog analysis, and the consistency in dimension with the lattice Boltzmann equation is retained in the introduction of force terms. The model is used to simulate the flows in a straight pipe and an annulus channel for various power‐law indexes and Reynolds number. The velocity profiles in the straight pipe and annulus channel are presented and shown to be in excellent agreement with analytical results. The 4:1 axisymmetric contraction flow was studied as well. The results show that the reattachment length increases as the power‐law indexes for a shear‐thickening fluid. The opening angle increases substantially with the increase of the power‐law index for both a shear‐thinning fluid and a shear‐thickening fluid. The velocity profiles and vortex sizes of contraction flows agree very well with those of the finite element analysis. Results demonstrate that the proposed method is very effective to analyze the axisymmetric flows of a non‐Newtonian fluid.
MEASURING REFLECTIVE SUPERVISION WITHIN HOME VISITING: CHANGES IN SUPERVISORS’ SELF‐PERCEPTION OVER TIME
Authors: Low Christine M. , Newland Rebecca , Silver Rebecca B. , Parade Stephanie , Remington Sara , Aguiar Stacey , Campagna Kristine 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTDespite widespread belief in the early childhood field of the benefits of reflective supervision, there has been limited empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of reflective supervision for home visitors and the children and families they serve. The present study examined the psychometric properties of four adapted self‐report measures assessing supervisors’ reflective supervision capacities; the study also investigated whether these measures captured change in reflective capacity over time as supervisors participated in professional development activities focused on reflective supervision. Results from 33 participants (home visiting supervisors and program managers) suggested that three of the four measures demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, and these three measures were correlated with each other. Two of these measures also captured significant change over time. Finally, there was some evidence that those with less education demonstrated more substantial improvement in their reflective supervision capacities than did those with an advanced degree. Findings provide initial evidence for reliable, efficient, and cost‐effective supervisor self‐report measures that could be used in research and program evaluation to assess change in supervisor reflective capacity over time.
Inside Front Cover: Label‐free bacterial colony detection and viability assessment by continuous‐wave terahertz transmission imaging (J. Biophotonics 8/2018)
Authors: Yang Xiang , Shi Jia , Wang Yuye , Yang Ke , Zhao Xiang , Wang Guiyu , Xu Degang , Wang Yunxia , Yao Jianquan , Fu Weiling 
Published: August 2018

A rapid, simple and one‐step method for analyzing bacterial colonies was proposed using a continuous‐wave terahertz (THz) imaging system in this study. The distribution of mixed bacterial colonies has been detected, and the target bacterium could also be easily recognized in mixed samples. The results clearly demonstrate the potential usage of THz imaging for bacterial colony sensing in a label‐free and nondestructive manner. Further details can be found in the article by Xiang Yang, Jia Shi, Yuye Wang et al. (e201700386).
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Inside Back Cover: Sensitive Leptospira DNA detection using tapered optical fiber sensor (J. Biophotonics 8/2018)
Authors: Zainuddin Nurul H. , Chee Hui Y. , Ahmad Muhammad Z. , Mahdi Mohd A. , Abu Bakar Muhammad H. , Yaacob Mohd H. 
Published: August 2018

The background microscopic image shows leptospira interrogans bacteria, the source of Leptospirosis, a deadly disease but with common early flu‐like symptoms and likely leads to under‐diagnosed. Highly sensitive leptospira DNA sensor is developed using tapered optical fiber as shown by the schematic image. Laser transmits in the optical fiber interacts with the functionalized amine and aldehyde coatings (bottom images) to produce wavelength shifts upon DNA exposure around the tapered region.Further details can be found in the article by Nurul H. Zainuddin, Hui Y. Chee, Muhammad Z. Ahmad et al. (e201700363).
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