bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of topical anesthetics of lidocaine, benzocaine, and EMLA in reducing pain during inferior alveolar nerve block in schoolchildren: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karkoutly Mawia , Alatassi Laila , Azrak Lilian , Bshara Nada 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 5% EMLA cream and 8% lidocaine gel in reducing pain during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) compared with 20% Benzocaine in children aged 6–10 years.

Materials and methods
This was a triple‐blinded, randomized, parallel‐group, active-controlled trial with three arms. 45 children were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1: control group, 20% benzocaine gel (n = 15). Group 2: 8% lidocaine gel (n = 15). Group 3: 5% EMLA cream (n = 15). Each topical anesthetic was applied in an amount of 0.3 mL using a cotton swab for 2 min, followed by IANB administration. The following primary outcome measures were considered: pulse rate, the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) behavioral pain assessment scale, and the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale.

Results
The mean score of the FLACC behavioral pain assessment scale in group 2 (2.20 ± 1.86) was slightly higher, but this result was not statistically significant p = (0.806). Regarding the Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale scores, no statistically significant difference was noted between the study groups p = (0.593). After IANB administration, the mean pulse rate was higher in group 3 (102.40 ± 14.28). However, this difference was not statistically significant p = (0.351). In addition, the mean change of the pulse rate from the baseline to this time point was not statistically significant p = (0.638), indicating a smaller physiologic response to the painful stimulus.

Conclusion
8% lidocaine gel was not superior to 20% benzocaine nor 5% EMLA in reducing pain during IANB administration.
YY1 downregulation underlies therapeutic response to molecular targeted agents
Authors: Zhou Shichao , Zang Jingyu , Cai Mei-Chun , Ye Kaiyan , Liu Jin , Ma Pengfei , Wu Jie , Dai Chenyang , Lu Haijiao , Zhang Qing , Jiang Junhong , Chu Tianqing , Shen Ying , Tan Li , Zhuang Guanglei , Zhao Xiaojing , Wang Lan , Zhuang Yu , Fu Yujie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring targeted treatment, oncogene-addicted tumor cells often evolve from an initial drug-sensitive state through a drug-tolerant persister bottleneck toward the ultimate emergence of drug-resistant clones. The molecular basis underlying this therapy-induced evolutionary trajectory has not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we employed a multifaceted approach and implicated the convergent role of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in the course of diverse targeted kinase inhibitors. Specifically, pharmacological perturbation of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway resulted in the downregulation of YY1 transcription, which subsequently resumed upon therapeutic escape. Failure to decrease YY1 subverted cytotoxic effects, whereas elimination of residual YY1 maximized anticancer efficacy and forestalled the emergence of drug resistance. Mechanistically, YY1 was uncovered to dictate cell cycle and autophagic programs. Immunohistochemical analysis on a wide spectrum of clinical specimens revealed that YY1 was ubiquitously expressed across lung adenocarcinomas and exhibited anticipated fluctuation in response to corresponding RTK/MAPK inhibition. These findings advance our understanding of targeted cancer management by highlighting YY1 as a determinant node in the context of genotype-directed agents.
Frequency of FGF14 intronic GAA repeat expansion in patients with multiple system atrophy and undiagnosed ataxia in the Japanese population
Authors: Kakumoto Toshiyuki , Orimo Kenta , Matsukawa Takashi , Mitsui Jun , Ishihara Tomohiko , Onodera Osamu , Suzuki Yuta , Morishita Shinichi ,   Japan Multiple System Atrophy Registry Consortium, Chikada Ayaka , Orimo Kenta , Matsukawa Takashi , Toda Tatsushi , Mitsui Jun , Ishiura Hiroyufki , Abe Koji , Yamashita Toru , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Takahashi Yuji , Katsuno Masahisa , Hara Kazuhiro , Onodera Osamu , Ishihara Tomohiko , Tada Masayoshi , Kuwabara Satoshi , Sugiyama Atsuhiko , Yamanaka Yoshitaka , Takahashi Ryosuke , Sakato Yusuke , Ishimoto Tomoyuki , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Hanajima Ritsuko , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Takigawa Hiroshi , Adachi Tadashi , Takashima Hiroshi , Higashi Keiko , Kira Junichi , Yabe Ichiro , Matsushima Masaaki , Ogata Katsuhisa , Ishikawa Kinya , Nishida Yoichiro , Ishiguro Taro , Ozaki Kokoro , Nagata Tetsuya , Tsuji Shoji , Toda Tatsushi , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic nervous system dysfunction and cerebellar ataxia or parkinsonism. Recently, expanded GAA repeats (≥250 repeat units) in intron 1 of FGF14 have been shown to be responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia type 27B (SCA27B), a late-onset ataxia with an autosomal dominant inheritance. Patients with SCA27B may also exhibit autonomic nervous system dysfunction, potentially overlapping with the clinical presentations of MSA patients. In this study, to explore the possible involvement of expanded GAA repeats in MSA, we investigated the frequencies of expanded GAA repeats in FGF14 in 548 patients with MSA, 476 patients with undiagnosed ataxia, and 455 healthy individuals. To fully characterize the structures of the expanded GAA repeats, long-range PCR products suggesting the expansion of GAA repeats were further analyzed using a long-read sequencer. Of the 548 Japanese MSA patients, we identified one MSA patient (0.2%) carrying an expanded repeat with (GAA)≥250. Among the 476 individuals with undiagnosed ataxia, (GAA)≥250 was observed in six (1.3%); this frequency was higher than that in healthy individuals (0.2%). The clinical characteristics of the MSA patient with (GAA)≥250 were consistent with those of MSA, but not with SCA27B. Further research is warranted to explore the possibility of the potential association of expanded GAA repeats in FGF14 with MSA.
Cryo-EM structure of single-layered nucleoprotein-RNA complex from Marburg virus
Authors: Zinzula Luca , Beck Florian , Camasta Marianna , Bohn Stefan , Liu Chuan , Morado Dustin , Bracher Andreas , Plitzko Juergen M. , Baumeister Wolfgang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarburg virus (MARV) causes lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans, posing a threat to global health. We determined by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) the MARV helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex structure in single-layered conformation, which differs from the previously reported structure of a double-layered helix. Our findings illuminate novel RNP interactions and expand knowledge on MARV genome packaging and nucleocapsid assembly, both processes representing attractive targets for the development of antiviral therapeutics against MARV disease.
Study design features increase replicability in brain-wide association studies
Authors: Kang Kaidi , Seidlitz Jakob , Bethlehem Richard A. I. , Xiong Jiangmei , Jones Megan T. , Mehta Kahini , Keller Arielle S. , Tao Ran , Randolph Anita , Larsen Bart , Tervo-Clemmens Brenden , Feczko Eric , Dominguez Oscar Miranda , Nelson Steven M. ,   Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium, Alexander-Bloch Aaron F. , Fair Damien A. , Schildcrout Jonathan , Fair Damien A. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Alexander-Bloch Aaron , Vandekar Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBrain-wide association studies (BWAS) are a fundamental tool in discovering brain–behaviour associations1,2. Several recent studies have shown that thousands of study participants are required for good replicability of BWAS1–3. Here we performed analyses and meta-analyses of a robust effect size index using 63 longitudinal and cross-sectional MRI studies from the Lifespan Brain Chart Consortium4 (77,695 total scans) to demonstrate that optimizing study design is critical for increasing standardized effect sizes and replicability in BWAS. A meta-analysis of brain volume associations with age indicates that BWAS with larger variability of the covariate and longitudinal studies have larger reported standardized effect size. Analysing age effects on global and regional brain measures from the UK Biobank and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we showed that modifying study design through sampling schemes improves standardized effect sizes and replicability. To ensure that our results are generalizable, we further evaluated the longitudinal sampling schemes on cognitive, psychopathology and demographic associations with structural and functional brain outcome measures in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development dataset. We demonstrated that commonly used longitudinal models, which assume equal between-subject and within-subject changes can, counterintuitively, reduce standardized effect sizes and replicability. Explicitly modelling the between-subject and within-subject effects avoids conflating them and enables optimizing the standardized effect sizes for each separately. Together, these results provide guidance for study designs that improve the replicability of BWAS.
Genome editing with the HDR-enhancing DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648 causes large-scale genomic alterations
Authors: Cullot Grégoire , Aird Eric J. , Schlapansky Moritz F. , Yeh Charles D. , van de Venn Lilly , Vykhlyantseva Iryna , Kreutzer Susanne , Mailänder Dominic , Lewków Bohdan , Klermund Julia , Montellese Christian , Biserni Martina , Aeschimann Florian , Vonarburg Cédric , Gehart Helmuth , Cathomen Toni , Corn Jacob E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648 enhances CRISPR–Cas9-directed homology-directed repair efficiencies, with potential for clinical utility, but its possible on-target consequences are unknown. We found that genome editing with AZD7648 causes frequent kilobase-scale and megabase-scale deletions, chromosome arm loss and translocations. These large-scale chromosomal alterations evade detection through typical genome editing assays, prompting caution in deploying AZD7648 and reinforcing the need to investigate multiple types of potential editing outcomes.
Probabilistic metaplasticity for continual learning with memristors in spiking networks
Authors: Zohora Fatima Tuz , Karia Vedant , Soures Nicholas , Kudithipudi Dhireesha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEdge devices operating in dynamic environments critically need the ability to continually learn without catastrophic forgetting. The strict resource constraints in these devices pose a major challenge to achieve this, as continual learning entails memory and computational overhead. Crossbar architectures using memristor devices offer energy efficiency through compute-in-memory and hold promise to address this issue. However, memristors often exhibit low precision and high variability in conductance modulation, rendering them unsuitable for continual learning solutions that require precise modulation of weight magnitude for consolidation. Current approaches fall short to address this challenge directly and rely on auxiliary high-precision memory, leading to frequent memory access, high memory overhead, and energy dissipation. In this research, we propose probabilistic metaplasticity, which consolidates weights by modulating their updateprobabilityrather than magnitude. The proposed mechanism eliminates high-precision modification to weight magnitudes and, consequently, the need for auxiliary high-precision memory. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed mechanism by integrating probabilistic metaplasticity into a spiking network trained on an error threshold with low-precision memristor weights. Evaluations of continual learning benchmarks show that probabilistic metaplasticity achieves performance equivalent to state-of-the-art continual learning models with high-precision weights while consuming ~ 67% lower memory for additional parameters and up to ~ 60× lower energy during parameter updates compared to an auxiliary memory-based solution. The proposed model shows potential for energy-efficient continual learning with low-precision emerging devices.
Evolutionary plasticity in nematode Hox gene complements and genomic loci arrangement
Authors: Kirangwa Joseph , Laetsch Dominik R. , King Erna , Stevens Lewis , Blaxter Mark , Holovachov Oleksandr , Schiffer Philipp 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHox genes are central to metazoan body plan formation, patterning and evolution, playing a critical role in cell fate decisions early in embryonic development in invertebrates and vertebrates. While the archetypical Hox gene cluster consists of members of nine ortholog groups (HOX1-HOX9), arrayed in close linkage in the order in which they have their anterior-posterior patterning effects, nematode Hox gene sets do not fit this model. The Caenorhabditis elegans Hox gene set is not clustered and contains only six Hox genes from four of the ancestral groups. The pattern observed in C. elegans is not typical of the phylum, and variation in orthologue set presence and absence and in genomic organisation has been reported. Recent advances in genome sequencing have resulted in the availability of many novel genome assemblies in Nematoda, especially from taxonomic groups that had not been analysed previously. Here, we explored Hox gene complements in high-quality genomes of 80 species from all major clades of Nematoda to understand the evolution of this key set of body pattern genes and especially to probe the origins of the “dispersed” cluster observed in C. elegans. We also included the recently available high-quality genomes of some Nematomorpha as an outgroup. We find that nematodes can have Hox genes from up to six orthology groups. While nematode Hox “clusters” are often interrupted by unrelated genes we identify species in which the cluster is intact and not dispersed.
An autonomous navigation system with a trajectory prediction-based decision mechanism for rubber forest navigation
Authors: Zhang Xirui , Liu Yongqi , Liu Junxiao , Chen Xuanli , Xu Ruiwu , Ma Weiqiang , Zhang Zhifu , Fu Shaohua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of rubber-tapping robots capable of autonomous navigation in place of manual rubber-tapping is a growing trend, but the challenging multi-objective navigation task in forest environments impedes their autonomous operation. To tackle this issue, an autonomous navigation system with a trajectory prediction-based decision mechanism for rubber forest navigation is designed. This navigation decision mechanism is comprised of obtaining coordinates of target points (OCTP), selecting the next coordinate (SNC), generating the additional coordinates (GAC), and optimizing the planned paths (OPP). By utilizing this mechanism, the robot can autonomously select the next target point based on its current position and the actual operating logic while navigating in the forest areas, adding additional coordinates during row or column changes, and planning and optimizing the path. The on-site experiments demonstrate that during autonomous navigation, the positioning accuracy is favorable and supports subsequent operations. The overall rationality of the planned path reaches 92.14%, further confirming its effectiveness.
Rotaxane-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols
Authors: Baù Ilario , Poderi Cecilia , Sardu Francesca , Giancola Alessia , Turchetti Anna , Franchi Paola , Casimiro Lorenzo , Andreoni Leonardo , Silvi Serena , Mezzina Elisabetta , Lucarini Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNitroxide radicals are widely utilized as catalysts for the oxidation of primary alcohols. Here, the aerobic catalytic oxidation cycle of nitroxide radicals has been implemented within a mechanically interlocked rotaxane architecture consisting of a paramagnetic crown ether, which is confined by a molecular axle containing a dialkylammonium station and a 1,2,3-triazole unit. The rotaxane is engineered to exploit the oxidation of a primary alcohol: the primary catalyst is the wheel, a nitroxide radical capable of altering its oxidation state during the catalytic cycle, while the co-oxidant is the Cerium(IV)/O2 couple. The synthesis of the proposed rotaxane, along with its characterization using EPR, HRMS, voltammetry and NMR data, is reported in the paper. The aerobic catalytic oxidation cycle was further investigated using EPR, NMR and GC-MS analyses. This study can aid in the design of autonomously driven molecular machines that exploit the aerobic catalytic oxidation of nitroxide radicals.
Green Chemistry
Authors: Lancaster Mike 
Published: November 2024

Climate change, plastic in the oceans and air pollution are just three of the major environmental problems facing planet Earth. It will take a global concerted effort to solve these, from change in consumer culture and better global regulation, to more sustainable product design and carbon neutral, pollution free production processes.
Green chemistry does not have all the answers, but with at least 98% of products having a chemical industry input along the supply chain, adoption of the principles of green chemistry can make a huge difference.
This 4th edition still focuses on the core principles of green chemistry but has a new emphasis on how it can help solve many of the environmental problems facing society. In particular there is a new chapter on energy decarbonisation and climate change, bringing together sustainable energy solutions and possibilities for a fossil free chemical industry, and showing how green chemistry can help other sectors such as transport and energy generation achieve net zero. There is also discussion of the UN Sustainability Goals and how green chemistry is helping achieve these goals. Green chemistry has moved on since the first edition of this book; whilst still covering the basics this latest edition also looks at the practical solutions developed.
This timely textbook, originally designed to cover a Masters course in Clean Technology and associated undergraduate modules at the University of York, is suitable for undergraduates and post graduates as well as industrialists looking for new ways of thinking how more sustainable products and processes may be developed.
Presaturated iron‐core fault current limiters for MVDC power system applications
Authors: Metwally Ibrahim A. , Eladawy Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents design and dynamic performance investigation of a full‐scale, modular topology (arranged on the sides of a regular hexagon), medium voltage direct current (MVDC) permanent magnet (PM) biased presaturated fault current limiter (PMFCL). This PMFCL represents a cost‐effective design with enhanced longevity, reliability, scalability, and controllability. The scalability of this modular design can be extended by adding or removing CI (letters: CI) core units for different power system applications in a voltage range from to or more. The rated steady‐state (DC) and fault currents of and , respectively. The detection free and self‐triggering performance of this PMFCL is designed and simulated through a 3D coupled model of electric‐circuit magnetic‐field of COMSOL Multiphysics. Accurate representation of PM behaviour, especially in the second quadrant of its hysteresis loop of Jiles‐Atherton method gives realistic performance of the PMFCL. Comprehensive finite element simulations are carried out to study the effect of design parameters on the dynamic performance of PMFCL. Good agreement is found between COMSOL simulation results of DC‐biased PFCL and experimental results of a developed small‐scale prototype. Results reveal that the MVDC PMFCL shows significant improvement and satisfactory performance, in terms of fault current clipping ratio, fault current slope, and power losses, as compared to the conventional MVDC DC‐biased presaturated CI iron‐core fault current limiter (PFCL).
The impact of high‐voltage circuit breaker condition on power system reliability indices
Authors: Grant Jordon Ashley , Sperstad Iver Bakken , Vadlamudi Vijay Venu , Perkin Samuel , Kiel Erlend Sandø 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCondition monitoring data can be used to assess the health of a power system component but is rarely used to assess the reliability of the power system they are part of. For high‐voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs), the susceptibility to various failures can be assessed by examining trip coil current (TCC) measurements. HVCBs have two failure modes, failure to trip on command and tripping without a command, which are triggered by various failure mechanisms that in turn may depend on the technical condition of the HVCBs. The aim of this article is to demonstrate a methodology for quantifying the impact that the technical condition of HVCBs has on the power system reliability indices. An equivalent transmission line failure rate considering protection system failures, including failures related to HVCBs, can be calculated by computing contributions from various fault types (FTs). This article proposes a framework that can quantify the frequency of the FTs that are affected by HVCB condition. The system‐level effects are then evaluated using approximate methods for power system reliability evaluation. To demonstrate the principles and benefits of this methodology, a case study is presented that incorporates HVCB condition data from the Icelandic transmission grid into an illustrative 4‐bus test system; a dataset of 83 TCC measurements from 38 HVCBs from the Icelandic Transmission System Operator is used, together with an outage database of life histories of 464 HVCBs from the Icelandic transmission grid. Results indicate that the condition deterioration associated with the probability of an HVCB failing to trip on command can significantly degrade the reliability indices.
Occlusion‐robust markerless surgical instrument pose estimation
Authors: Xu Haozheng , Giannarou Stamatia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe estimation of the pose of surgical instruments is important in Robot‐assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RMIS) to assist surgical navigation and enable autonomous robotic task execution. The performance of current instrument pose estimation methods deteriorates significantly in the presence of partial tool visibility, occlusions, and changes in the surgical scene. In this work, a vision‐based framework is proposed for markerless estimation of the 6DoF pose of surgical instruments. To deal with partial instrument visibility, a keypoint object representation is used and stable and accurate instrument poses are computed using a PnP solver. To boost the learning process of the model under occlusion, a new mask‐based data augmentation approach has been proposed. To validate the model, a dataset for instrument pose estimation with highly accurate ground truth data has been generated using different surgical robotic instruments. The proposed network can achieve submillimeter accuracy and the experimental results verify its generalisability to different shapes of occlusion.