bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deactivation Model for an Industrial γ‐Alumina Supported Iron Catalyst in the Fischer Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Ghofran Pakdel Maliheh , Atashi Hossein , Mirzaei Ali Akbar , Zohdi‐Fasaei Hossein 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this research, deactivation model of an industrial γ‐alumina‐supported iron catalyst was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a fixed‐bed micro reactor over one‐time and four‐time impregnated catalysts at a reaction temperature of 250 °C, H2/CO ratio of 1, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 3000 h−1, and reaction pressure of 2 bar. Neural networks strategy was used to predict the steady‐state catalytic activity for the ultimate purpose of determining the best deactivation model. Non‐linear regression and statistical analyses showed that the second‐order generalized power‐law equation (GPLE) could adequately described the deactivation behaviors of the considered catalysts. A comparison on the model parameters indicated higher deactivation rate of the four‐time impregnated catalyst, as compared to the one‐time one.
Facial Synthesis of 1T Phase MoS2 Nanoflowers via Anion Exchange Method for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Jinming , Qi Weihong , Li Yejun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, a low cost and high yield method is proposed to synthesize 1T phase MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs) by means of anion exchange using MoO3 nanosheets as the exchange template. The synthesized MoS2 NFs are composed of ultrathin MoS2 nanoflakes with plenty of active edge sites, large specific surface area, and rich defects, as well as reduced intrinsic resistance. Therefore, they show enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with an overpotential of 166 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 47 mV dec−1, better than those of previously reported MoS2‐based HER catalysts. A systematic study is carried out on the effects of mass loading and reaction temperature on its catalytic performance. It is shown that, with reaction temperature of 200 °C and mass loading of 0.43 mg cm−2, the obtained MoS2 NFs show the optimal HER activity. The present work provides a facile and cost‐effective way to synthesize 1T MoS2 NFs with advanced HER performances, indicating significant potential for larger‐scale production in practical industrial applications.
N‐Acyloxyphthalimide as Multitasking Directing Group for Sequential C‐H Functionalization
Authors: Sun Huan , Jiang Yue , Chen Xiao‐Wei , Zhou Yi−Bo , Feng Tao , Huang Rong , Zheng Yongsheng , Li Zheng‐Hui , Liu Ji‐Kai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractN‐Acyloxyphthalimide has been demonstrated as a multitasking directing group considering its easy accessibility, multiple reactive sites, and multifarious transformations available to generate valuable structural diversified scaffolds. Polysubstituted heterocycles, such as isocoumarin, isoquinolone, and its second annulation products, could be obtained from N‐acyloxyphthalimide and alkynes through a one‐pot reaction in the presence of nucleophilic reagents. Additionally, the ester group possessed on the resulting heterocycles could serve as a new building block to direct further functionalization.
Spontaneous Penile Tumescence by Sparing Cavernous Tissue in the Course of Malleable Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Zaazaa Adham , Mostafa Taymour 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Spontaneous penile tumescence after penile prosthesis implantation has been sporadically reported in the literature.

Aim
To preserve residual erectile function of patients’ spontaneous penile tumescence by sparing cavernous tissue in the course of malleable penile prosthesis implantation.

Methods
Overall, 92 patients were randomized into 2 equal arms; patients undergoing conventional malleable penile prosthesis implantation, and patients undergoing the cavernous tissue–sparing technique. 1 month after surgery, these patients underwent penile duplex examination to assess the maximal cavernous tissue thickness around the implant cylinders. Additionally, they were asked about the occurrence of any spontaneous or arousal-induced penile tumescence.

Main Outcome Measures
Postoperative changes were compared with the preoperative ones.

Results
The mean maximal cavernous tissue thickness was shown to be significantly higher in the cavernous tissue–sparing group compared with the conventional surgery group (5.2 ± 0.8 mm vs 2.2 ± 1.04 mm, P &lt; .01). In the cavernous tissue–sparing group, 41 of 46 patients (89.13%) reported having a significantly higher incidence of residual penile tumescence vs 7 of 46 patients (15.2%) in the conventional surgery group (P &lt; .001). The postoperative penile girth was significantly higher in the cavernous tissue–sparing group than in the conventional surgery group (11.16 ± 1.1 cm vs 10.11 ± 1.15 cm, P &lt; .001).

Clinical Implications
This study provides a step-by-step approach to maintaining post-implantation penile tumescence and preserving penile girth in a reproducible manner.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first study to demonstrate the benefits of implanting a penile prosthesis while the penis is in a pharmacologically induced tumescent state. It is also the first to make use of ultrasound imaging in assessing postoperative corporal tissue. The main limitations are the short postoperative follow-up period and the non-blinding of measurements.

Conclusion
It could be concluded that the cavernous tissue–sparing technique is a reproducible technique that has the added value of preserving residual erectile function in the form of retained postoperative penile tumescence and preserved penile girth.
SUSZKO’S PROBLEM: MIXED CONSEQUENCE AND COMPOSITIONALITY
Authors: CHEMLA EMMANUEL , ÉGRÉ PAUL 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSuszko’s problem is the problem of finding the minimal number of truth values needed to semantically characterize a syntactic consequence relation. Suszko proved that every Tarskian consequence relation can be characterized using only two truth values. Malinowski showed that this number can equal three if some of Tarski’s structural constraints are relaxed. By so doing, Malinowski introduced a case of so-called mixed consequence, allowing the notion of a designated value to vary between the premises and the conclusions of an argument. In this article we give a more systematic perspective on Suszko’s problem and on mixed consequence. First, we prove general representation theorems relating structural properties of a consequence relation to their semantic interpretation, uncovering the semantic counterpart of substitution-invariance, and establishing that (intersective) mixed consequence is fundamentally the semantic counterpart of the structural property of monotonicity. We use those theorems to derive maximum-rank results proved recently in a different setting by French and Ripley, as well as by Blasio, Marcos, and Wansing, for logics with various structural properties (reflexivity, transitivity, none, or both). We strengthen these results into exact rank results for nonpermeable logics (roughly, those which distinguish the role of premises and conclusions). We discuss the underlying notion of rank, and the associated reduction proposed independently by Scott and Suszko. As emphasized by Suszko, that reduction fails to preserve compositionality in general, meaning that the resulting semantics is no longer truth-functional. We propose a modification of that notion of reduction, allowing us to prove that over compact logics with what we call regular connectives, rank results are maintained even if we request the preservation of truth-functionality and additional semantic properties.
Inversion Estimates of Lognormally Distributed Methane Emission Rates From the Haynesville‐Bossier Oil and Gas Production Region Using Airborne Measurements
Authors: Cui Yu Yan , Henze Daven K. , Brioude Jerome , Angevine Wayne M. , Liu Zhen , Bousserez Nicolas , Guerrette Jonathan , McKeen Stuart A. , Peischl Jeff , Yuan Bin , Ryerson Thomas , Frost Gregory , Trainer Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuantifying methane (CH4) emissions from the oil and natural gas (O/NG) production sector is an important regulatory challenge in the United States. In this study, we conduct a set of inversion calculations using different methods to quantify lognormal distributed CH4 surface fluxes in the Haynesville‐Bossier O/NG production basin in Texas and Louisiana, combining three statistical cost functions, four meteorological configurations, and two days of aircraft measurements from a 2013 field campaign. We aggregate our posterior flux estimates to derive our best estimate of the basin‐wide CH4 emissions, 76 metric tons/hr, with a 95% highest density interval of 51–104 metric tons/hr, in agreement with previous estimates using mass balance and eddy covariance approaches with the same aircraft measurements. Our inversion estimate of basin‐wide CH4 emissions is 133% (89%–182%, 95% highest density interval) of a gridded Environmental Protection Agency's inventory for 2012, and the largest discrepancies between our study and this inventory are located in the northeastern quadrant of the basin containing active unconventional O/NG wells. Our inversion approach provides a new spatiotemporal characterization of CH4 emissions in this O/NG production region and shows the usefulness of inverse modeling for improving O/NG CH4 emission estimates.
Evolution Model for the Absheron Mud Volcano: From In Situ Observations to Numerical Modeling
Authors: Blouin Arthur , Imbert Patrice , Sultan Nabil , Callot Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe morphology of mud volcanoes (MVs) has been extensively studied over the last few decades. Although recent research has begun to focus on deep processes and structures, little is known about mud generation mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the feeder system and formation of an active kilometer‐scale MV by relying on a 3‐D seismic survey and an in situ data set on the Absheron anticline (South Caspian Basin). Seismic data show a depleted area in the Anhydritic Surakhany Formation (ASF), whose mineralogical composition fits with surface mud. Well data show that the ASF is a succession of evaporitic beds and low‐temperature shales near its fracture pressure. Biostratigraphic analysis confirms a Pliocene origin for the mud, suggesting that the ASF may be the source. Numerical modeling of sedimentation coupled with laboratory test results and well sonic logs fairly reproduces the observed in situ overpressure trend. Two‐dimensional methane diffusion coupled with overpressure caused by rapid sedimentation highlights the superposition of critical fracturing conditions with methane‐saturated sediments at the base of the studied MV. The present study demonstrates the predominant role of fluid overpressure due to sedimentation and gas saturation in the formation of the Absheron MV, and this is shown to occur as follows: (1) methane migration through the thrust‐related faults reaching the ASF, accompanied by (2) lateral overpressure, caused by rapid sedimentation, diffusing along the ASF leading to (3) hydro‐fracturing of overpressured and methane‐saturated sediments resulting in an important decrease in overpressure, causing (4) gas exsolution and expansion triggering sediment remobilization.
Expectation effects on brain dopamine responses to methylphenidate in cocaine use disorder
Authors: Wang Gene-Jack , Wiers Corinde E. , Shumay Elena , Tomasi Dardo , Yuan Kai , Wong Christopher T. , Logan Jean , Fowler Joanna S. , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe response to drugs of abuse is affected by expectation, which is modulated in part by dopamine (DA), which encodes for a reward prediction error. Here we assessed the effect of expectation on methylphenidate (MP)-induced striatal DA changes in 23 participants with an active cocaine use disorder (CUD) and 23 healthy controls (HC) using [11C]raclopride and PET both after placebo (PL) and after MP (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.). Brain dopamine D2 and D3 receptor availability (D2R: non-displaceable binding potential (BPND)) was measured under four conditions in randomized order: (1) expecting PL/receiving PL, (2) expecting PL/receiving MP, (3) expecting MP/receiving PL, and (4) expecting MP/receiving MP. Expecting MP increased pulse rate compared to expecting PL. Receiving MP decreased D2R in striatum compared to PL, indicating MP-induced striatal DA release, and this effect was significantly blunted in CUD versus HC consistent with prior findings of decreased striatal dopamine responses both in active and detoxified CUD. There was a group × challenge × expectation effect in caudate and midbrain, with expectation of MP increasing MP-induced DA release in HC but not in CUD, and expectation of PL showing a trend to increase MP-induced DA release in CUD but not in HC. These results are consistent with the role of DA in reward prediction error in the human brain: decreasing DA signaling when rewards are less than expected (blunted DA increases to MP in CUD) and increasing them when greater than expected (for PL in CUD reflecting conditioned responses to injection). Our findings also document disruption of the expectation of drug effects in dopamine signaling in participants with CUD compared to non-addicted individuals.
Establishing a generalized polyepigenetic biomarker for tobacco smoking
Authors: Sugden Karen , Hannon Eilis J. , Arseneault Louise , Belsky Daniel W. , Broadbent Jonathan M. , Corcoran David L. , Hancox Robert J. , Houts Renate M. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Poulton Richie , Prinz Joseph A. , Thomson W. Murray , Williams Benjamin S. , Wong Chloe C. Y. , Mill Jonathan , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLarge-scale epigenome-wide association meta-analyses have identified multiple ‘signatures’’ of smoking. Drawing on these findings, we describe the construction of a polyepigenetic DNA methylation score that indexes smoking behavior and that can be utilized for multiple purposes in population health research. To validate the score, we use data from two birth cohort studies: The Dunedin Longitudinal Study, followed to age-38 years, and the Environmental Risk Study, followed to age-18 years. Longitudinal data show that changes in DNA methylation accumulate with increased exposure to tobacco smoking and attenuate with quitting. Data from twins discordant for smoking behavior show that smoking influences DNA methylation independently of genetic and environmental risk factors. Physiological data show that changes in DNA methylation track smoking-related changes in lung function and gum health over time. Moreover, DNA methylation changes predict corresponding changes in gene expression in pathways related to inflammation, immune response, and cellular trafficking. Finally, we present prospective data about the link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and epigenetic modifications; these findings document the importance of controlling for smoking-related DNA methylation changes when studying biological embedding of stress in life-course research. We introduce the polyepigenetic DNA methylation score as a tool both for discovery and theory-guided research in epigenetic epidemiology.
Defining rules for cancer cell proliferation in TRAIL stimulation
Authors: Deveaux William , Hayashi Kentaro , Selvarajoo Kumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOwing to their self-organizing evolutionary plasticity, cancers remain evasive to modern treatment strategies. Previously, for sensitizing tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant human fibrosarcoma (HT1080), we developed and validated a dynamic computational model that showed the inhibition of protein kinase (PK)C, using bisindolylmaleimide (BIS) I, enhances apoptosis with 95% cell death. Although promising, the long-term effect of remaining ~ 5% cells is a mystery. Will they remain unchanged or are they able to proliferate? To address this question, here we adopted a discrete spatiotemporal cellular automata model utilizing simple rules modified from the famous “Conway’s game of life”. Based on three experimental initializations: cell numbers obtained from untreated (high), treatment with TRAIL only (moderate), and treatment with TRAIL and BIS I (low), the simulations show cell proliferation in time and space. Notably, when all cells are fixed in their initial space, the proliferation is rapid for high and moderate cell numbers, however, slow and steady for low number of cells. However, when mesenchymal-like random movement was introduced, the proliferation becomes significant even for low cell numbers. Experimental verification showed high proportion of mesenchymal cells in TRAIL and BIS I treatment compared with untreated or TRAIL only treatment. In agreement with the model with cell movement, we observed rapid proliferation of the remnant cells in TRAIL and BIS I treatment over time. Hence, our work highlights the importance of mesenchymal-like cellular movement for cancer proliferation. Nevertheless, re-treatment of TRAIL and BIS I on proliferating cancers is still largely effective.
A signal processing method for alignment-free metagenomic binning: multi-resolution genomic binary patterns
Authors: Kouchaki Samaneh , Tapinos Avraam , Robertson David L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlgorithms in bioinformatics use textual representations of genetic information, sequences of the characters A, T, G and C represented computationally as strings or sub-strings. Signal and related image processing methods offer a rich source of alternative descriptors as they are designed to work in the presence of noisy data without the need for exact matching. Here we introduce a method, multi-resolution local binary patterns (MLBP) adapted from image processing to extract local ‘texture’ changes from nucleotide sequence data. We apply this feature space to the alignment-free binning of metagenomic data. The effectiveness of MLBP is demonstrated using both simulated and real human gut microbial communities. Sequence reads or contigs can be represented as vectors and their ‘texture’ compared efficiently using machine learning algorithms to perform dimensionality reduction to capture eigengenome information and perform clustering (here using randomized singular value decomposition and BH-tSNE). The intuition behind our method is the MLBP feature vectors permit sequence comparisons without the need for explicit pairwise matching. We demonstrate this approach outperforms existing methods based on k-mer frequencies. The signal processing method, MLBP, thus offers a viable alternative feature space to textual representations of sequence data. The source code for our Multi-resolution Genomic Binary Patterns method can be found at https://github.com/skouchaki/MrGBP.
Temporal and Effort cost Decision-making in Healthy Individuals with Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms
Authors: Terenzi Damiano , Mainetto Elena , Barbato Mariapaola , Rumiati Raffaella Ida , Aiello Marilena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe value people attribute to rewards is influenced both by the time and the effort required to obtain them. Impairments in these computations are described in patients with schizophrenia and appear associated with negative symptom severity. This study investigated whether deficits in temporal and effort cost computations can be observed in individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms (PS) to determine if this dysfunction is already present in a potentially pre-psychotic period. Sixty participants, divided into three groups based on the severity of PS (high, medium and low), performed two temporal discounting tasks with food and money and a concurrent schedule task, in which the effort to obtain food increased over time. We observed that in high PS participants the discounting rate appeared linear and flatter than that exhibited by participants with medium and low PS, especially with food. In the concurrent task, compared to those with low PS, participants with high PS exerted tendentially less effort to obtain snacks only when the required effort was high. Participants exerting less effort in the higher effort condition were those with higher negative symptoms. These results suggest that aberrant temporal and effort cost computations might be present in individuals with subclinical PS and therefore could represent a vulnerability marker for psychosis.
Cost-effective and robust genotyping using double-mismatch allele-specific quantitative PCR
Authors: Lefever Steve , Rihani Ali , Van der Meulen Joni , Pattyn Filip , Van Maerken Tom , Van Dorpe Jo , Hellemans Jan , Vandesompele Jo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor a wide range of diseases, SNPs in the genome are the underlying mechanism of dysfunction. Therefore, targeted detection of these variations is of high importance for early diagnosis and (familial) screenings. While allele-specific PCR has been around for many years, its adoption for SNP genotyping or somatic mutation detection has been hampered by its low discriminating power and high costs. To tackle this, we developed a cost-effective qPCR based method, able to detect SNPs in a robust and specific manner. This study describes how to combine the basic principles of allele-specific PCR (the combination of a wild type and variant primer) with the straightforward readout of DNA-binding dye based qPCR technology. To enhance the robustness and discriminating power, an artificial mismatch in the allele-specific primer was introduced. The resulting method, called double-mismatch allele-specific qPCR (DMAS-qPCR), was successfully validated using 12 SNPs and 15 clinically relevant somatic mutations on 48 cancer cell lines. It is easy to use, does not require labeled probes and is characterized by high analytical sensitivity and specificity. DMAS-qPCR comes with a complimentary online assay design tool, available for the whole scientific community, enabling researchers to design custom assays and implement those as a diagnostic test.
Screening and identification of a non-peptide antagonist for the peptide hormone receptor in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shinohara Hidefumi , Yasue Naoko , Onuki Tetsuo , Kondoh Yasumitsu , Yoshida Minoru , Matsubayashi Yoshikatsu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntercellular signaling mediated by peptide hormones and membrane-localized receptor kinases plays crucial roles in plant developmental processes. Because of their diverse functions, agonistic or antagonistic modulation of peptide signaling holds enormous promise for agricultural applications. Here we established a high-throughput screening system using a bead-immobilized receptor kinase and fluorescent-labeled peptide ligand to identify small molecules that bind peptide hormone receptors in competition with natural ligands. We used the Arabidopsis CLE9-BAM1 ligand-receptor pair to screen a library of ≈30,000 chemicals and identified NPD12704 as an antagonist for BAM1. NPD12704 also inhibited CLV3 binding to BAM1 but only minimally interfered with CLV3 binding to CLV1, the closest homolog of BAM1, demonstrating preferential receptor specificity. Treatment of clv1-101 mutant seedlings with NPD12704 enhanced the enlarged shoot apical meristem phenotype. Our results provide a technological framework enabling high-throughput identification of small non-peptide chemicals that specifically control receptor kinase–mediated peptide hormone signaling in plants.