bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in mechanical properties of biopolymer composites: a review
Authors: Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Saha Prosenjit , Adhikari Jaideep , Deshmukh Kalim , Ahamed M. Basheer , Cabibihan John‐John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, biopolymers are getting wide attention with the perspective of developing high‐performance biocomposites with low environmental impact owing to their unique and useful features such as abundant availability, renewability, eco‐friendliness and lightweight. Biopolymer composites are expected to replace many conventional materials in optical, biological, and engineering applications as the investment and research on these materials increase substantially. The desired properties of biopolymer composites can be achieved by blending an appropriate biopolymer with suitable additives, which pave the way for polymer‐filler interaction. A variety of parameters such as chemical composition, degradation kinetics and mechanical properties of biopolymer composites can be tailored according to the application needs. The interfacial interactions between the biopolymer and the nanofiller have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of biopolymer composites. The present review is focused on the recent advances in the mechanical properties of various biopolymer composites. In the first part of this review, the unfamiliar mechanical characterization techniques such as fatigue test, nanoindentation and nondestructive testing of biopolymer composites have been discussed. In the later part, the various popular processing techniques of biocomposite fabrication have been discussed. In addition, in the conclusion section, few challenges associated with the processing and mechanical performance of biopolymer composites have been described.
Flammability, thermal stability and mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites reinforced with delaminated Ti3C2Tx (MXene)
Authors: Pan Ying , Fu Li , Zhou Qingwei , Wen Zhenan , Lin Cheng‐Te , Yu Jinhong , Wang Weiming , Zhao Hongting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, Ti3C2Tx (MXene) was synthesized and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate PVA/MXene nanocomposites. The results confirmed that delaminated MXene was successfully synthesized. The nanocomposites were obtained via casting/evaporation method. The thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For the PVA composites with content of 2 wt% MXene (PVA‐MXene2), the thermal decomposition was retarded by approximately 20°C when the temperature was lower than 350°C compared with that of pure PVA. Moreover, the evolved gas products of the PVA/MXene composite were lower than those of pure PVA. For the first time, the flame retardancy of PVA/MXene nanocomposite was investigated using a microscale combustion calorimeter. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release of the PVA composite were reduced by 25.7% and 25.5%, respectively, with 1 wt% of MXene. The temperatures at PHRR of PVA/MXene composites were improved with the addition of MXene. Moreover, the addition of MXene resulted in PVA composites with a higher tensile strength and elongation at break than those of a pure PVA film. The improvements in the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties of PVA/MXene composites should enable a wide range of potential applications of MXenes in polymer matrices.
Quantitative assessment of the power loss of silicon PV modules by IR thermography and its dependence on data‐filtering criteria
Authors: Teubner Janine , Buerhop Claudia , Pickel Tobias , Hauch Jens , Camus Christian , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReliability and quality control of photovoltaic (PV) plants increases in importance as the relevance of PV for the worldwide renewable energy production grows. In this study, a new method is presented which allows for a quantitative assessment of silicon PV module performance solely by relying on the cell temperatures measured via thermography (IR). A module temperature and power key figure are formulated and found to correlate very well with a linear relationship. The dependence of the deduced correlation's precision on measurement conditions is calculated and discussed. It facilitates decision‐making because optimal measurement conditions usually occur only very rarely, such that a compromise between data quality and measurement frequency has to be found. The power loss correlation presented in this paper may be used as part of a maintenance routine in order to ensure the best possible long‐term performance of the PV plant over its lifetime. The practical application in the field is outlined and explained.
Effect of magnetic field on the formation of Cu nanoparticles during magnetron sputtering in the gas aggregation cluster source
Authors: Vaidulych Mykhailo , Hanuš Jan , Kousal Jaroslav , Kadlec Stanislav , Marek Aleš , Khalakhan Ivan , Shelemin Artem , Solař Pavel , Choukourov Andrei , Kylián Ondřej , Biederman Hynek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReliable production of nanoparticles (NPs) by magnetron sputtering in a gas aggregation source (GAS) is of great interest because of many potential applications. The size, shape, or structure of NPs can be tuned by the operational parameters of the GAS. In this study, fabrication of copper (Cu) NPs is investigated dependent on the magnetron magnetic field (MF)–a not much studied parameter. Decrease of the MF from 83 to 35 mT results in changes in the shape and size distribution of the NPs. MF also strongly affects the NPs deposition rate (DR). Electromagnetic trapping of the NPs in the vicinity of the magnetron target is proposed to be responsible for the changes in DR and polydispersity. The highest DR was reached at 45 mT.
Exploring alternative catalytic mechanisms of the Cas9 HNH domain
Authors: Zhao Li Na , Mondal Dibyendu , Warshel Arieh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the reaction mechanism of CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) is crucial for the application of programmable gene editing. Despite the availability of the structures of Cas9 in apo‐ and substrate‐bound forms, the catalytically active structure is still unclear. Our first attempt to explore the catalytic mechanism of Cas9 HNH domain has been based on the reasonable assumption that we are dealing with the same mechanism as endonuclease VII, including the assumption that the catalytic water is in the first shell of the Mg2+. Trying this mechanism with the cryo‐EM structure forced us to induce significant structural change driven by the movement of K848 (or other positively charged residue) close to the active site to facilitate the proton transfer step. In the present study, we explore a second reaction mechanism where the catalytic water is in the second shell of the Mg2+ and assume that the cryo‐EM structure by itself is a suitable representation of a catalytic‐ready structure. The alternative mechanism indicates that if the active water is from the second shell, then the calculated reaction barrier is lower compared with the corresponding barrier when the water comes from the first shell.
About Shewhart control charts to monitor the Weibull mean
Authors: Fernandes Fidel H. , Lee Ho Linda , Bourguignon Marcelo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new reparametrization expressed in terms of the process mean for Weibull distribution is studied; thus, the monitoring of the process mean can be made directly. Additionally, we call attention that the asymptotic control limits for
control chart by central limit theorem (CLT) may lead to a serious erroneous decision. Definitively, they can only be used to signal small/medium shifts in the process mean but with a very very large sample size. We present guidelines for practitioners about the minimum sample size needed to match out‐of‐control average run length (ARL1) with the exact and asymptotic control limits in function of the shape parameter after an extensive simulation study. The proposed schemes are applied to monitoring the Weibull mean parameter of the strength distribution of a carbon fibber used in composite materials.
Tunable Open‐Access Microcavities for Solid‐State Quantum Photonics and Polaritonics
Authors: Li Feng , Li Yiming , Cai Yin , Li Peng , Tang Haijun , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptical microcavities are powerful platforms widely applied in quantum information and integrated photonic circuits, among which the open‐access microcavity is a newly emerging cavity structure consisting of a micro‐sized concave mirror and a planar mirror controlled individually by groups of nanopositioners, whilst light emitters can be grown or transferred at the antinode of the cavity optical modes. Compared with monolithic microcavities, the open‐access microcavity enables the simultaneous realization of small mode volume, large‐range tunability, flexible structural engineering, and easiness for integration with external emitters, exhibiting extensive applications in the fields of solid‐state quantum photonics and polaritonics over the last decade. This review first introduces the basic theory and the construction methods of open‐access microcavities, followed by the recent advances of their applications in exciton‐polaritons, photon condensates, quantum light sources, and nanoparticle sensing.
Avalanche Carrier Multiplication in Multilayer Black Phosphorus and Avalanche Photodetector
Authors: Jia Jingyuan , Jeon Jaeho , Park Jin‐Hong , Lee Byoung Hun , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Sungjoo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA highly sensitive avalanche photodetector (APD) is fabricated by utilizing the avalanche multiplication mechanism in black phosphorus (BP), where a strong avalanche multiplication of electron–hole pairs is observed. Owing to the small bandgap (0.33 eV) of the multilayer BP, the carrier multiplication occurs at a significantly lower electric field than those of other 2D semiconductor materials. In order to further enhance the quantum efficiency and increase the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio, Au nanoparticles (NPs) are integrated on the BP surface, which improves the light absorption by plasmonic effects. The BP–Au‐NPs structure effectively reduces both dark current (≈10 times lower) and onset of avalanche electric field, leading to higher carrier multiplication, photogain, quantum efficiency, and S/N ratio. For the BP–Au‐NPs APD, it is obtained that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is 382 and the responsivity is 160 A W‐1 at an electric field of 5 kV cm‐1 (Vd ≈ 3.5 V, note that for the BP APD, EQE = 4.77 and responsivity = 2 A W‐1 obtained at the same electric field). The significantly increased performance of the BP APD is promising for low‐power‐consumption, high‐sensitivity, and low‐noise photodevice applications, which can enable high‐performance optical communication and imaging systems.
Highly Oriented Thin Films of 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Hybrid Perovskite toward Superfast Response Photodetectors
Authors: Han Shiguo , Yao Yunpeng , Liu Xitao , Li Bingxuan , Ji Chengmin , Sun Zhihua , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2D hybrid perovskites have shown great promise in the photodetection field, due to their intriguing attributes stemming from unique structural architectures. However, the great majority of detectors based on this 2D system possess a relatively low response speed (≈ms), making it extremely urgent to develop new candidates for superfast photodetection. Here, a new organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite, (PA)2(FA)Pb2I7 (EFA, where PA is n‐pentylaminium and FA is formamidine), which features the 2D Ruddlesden–Popper type perovskite framework that is composed of the corner‐sharing PbI6 octahedra is reported. Significantly, photodetectors fabricated on highly oriented thin films, which exhibit a perfect orientation parallel to 2D inorganic perovskite layers, exhibit a superfast response time up to ≈2.54 ns. To the best of the knowledge, this figure‐of‐merit catches up with that of the top‐ranking commercial materials, and sets a new record for 2D hybrid perovskite photodetectors. Moreover, extremely high photodetectivity (≈1.73 × 1014 Jones, under an incident power intensity of ≈46 µW cm−2), considerable switching ratios (>103), and low dark current (≈10 pA) are also achieved in the detector, indicating its great potential for high‐efficiency photodetection. These results shed light on the possibilities to explore new 2D candidates for assembling future high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Bioinspired Mechanically Robust Metal‐Based Water Repellent Surface Enabled by Scalable Construction of a Flexible Coral‐Reef‐Like Architecture
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Tao , Li Chang‐Jiu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMechanical robustness is a central concern for moving artificial superhydrophobic surfaces to application practices. It is believed that bulk hydrophilic materials cannot be use to construct micro/nanoarchitectures for superhydrophobicity since abrasion‐induced exposure of hydrophilic surfaces leads to remarkable degradation of water repellency. To address this challenge, the robust mechanical durability of a superhydrophobic surface with metal (hydrophilic) textures, through scalable construction of a flexible coral‐reef‐like hierarchical architecture on various substrates including metals, glasses, and ceramics, is demonstrated. Discontinuous coral‐reef‐like Cu architecture is built by solid‐state spraying commercial electrolytic Cu particles (15–65 µm) at supersonic particle velocities. Subsequent flame oxidation is applied to introduce a porous hard surface oxide layer. Owing to the unique combination of the flexible coral‐reef‐like architecture and self‐similar manner of the fluorinated hard oxide surface layer, the coating surface retains its water repellency with an extremely low roll‐off angle (<2°) after cyclic sand‐paper abrasion, mechanical bending, sand‐grit erosion, knife‐scratching, and heavy loading of simulated acid rain droplets. Strong adhesion to glass, ceramics, and metals up to 34 MPa can be achieved without using adhesive. The results show that the present superhydrophobic coating can have wide outdoor applications for self‐cleaning and corrosion protection of metal parts.
A Novel Theranostic Nanoprobe for In Vivo Singlet Oxygen Detection and Real‐Time Dose–Effect Relationship Monitoring in Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Han , Wang Zhaohui , Li Yongkuan , Xu Tian , Zhang Qi , Yang Man , Wang Peng , Gu Yueqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSinglet oxygen, as the main member of reactive oxygen species, plays a significant role in cancer photodynamic therapy. However, the in vivo real‐time detection of singlet oxygen remains challenging. In this work, a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based upconversion nanoplatform for monitoring the singlet oxygen in living systems is developed, with the ability to evaluate the in vivo dose–effect relationship between singlet oxygen and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. In details, this nanoplatform is composed of core–shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), photosensitizer MC540, NIR dye IR‐820, and poly(acryl amine) PAA‐octylamine, where the UCNPs serve as an energy donor while IR‐820 serves as an energy acceptor. The nanoparticles are found to sensitively reflect the singlet oxygen levels generated in the tumor tissues during PDT, by luminescence intensity changes of UNCPs at 800 nm emission. Furthermore, it could also enable tumor treatment with satisfactory biocompatibility. To the best knowledge, this is the first report of a theranostic nanoplatform with the ability to formulate the in vivo dose–effect relationship between singlet oxygen and PDT efficacy and to achieve tumor treatment at the same time. This work might also provide an executable strategy to evaluate photodynamic therapeutic efficacy based on singlet oxygen pathway.
Topological charge fluctuations in the Glasma
Authors: Guerrero-Rodríguez Pablo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe early-time evolution of the system generated in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions is dominated by the presence of strong color fields known as Glasma fields. These can be described following the classical approach embodied in the Color Glass Condensate effective theory, which approximates QCD in the high gluon density regime. In this framework we perform an analytical first-principles calculation of the two-point correlator of the divergence of the Chern-Simons current at proper timeτ= 0+, which characterizes the early fluctuations of axial charge density in the plane transverse to the collision axis. This object plays a crucial role in the description of anomalous transport phenomena such as the Chiral Magnetic Effect. We compare our results to those obtained under the Glasma Graph approximation, which assumes gluon field correlators to obey Gaussian statistics. While this approach proves to be equivalent to the exact calculation in the limit of short transverse separations, important differences arise at larger distances, where our expression displays a remarkably slower fall-off than the Glasma Graph result (1/r4vs. 1/r8power-law decay). This discrepancy emerges from the non-linear dynamics mapping the Gaussianly-distributed color source densities onto the Glasma fields, encoded in the classical Yang-Mills equations. Our results support the conclusions reached in a previous work, where we found indications that the color screening of correlations in the transverse plane occurs at relatively large distances.
Subsurface Structural Mapping using EIGEN6C4 Data over Bundelkhand Craton and Surroundings: An Appraisal on Kimberlite/lamproite Emplacement
Authors: Pal Sanjit Kumar , Kumar Sarvesh 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The Bundelkhand craton is surrounded by different mobile belts. The central Indian tectonic zone (CITZ) in the southern part is one of the prominent tectonic zones. CITZ is an important structural controlling factor for the Majhgawan and Hinota Kimberlite pipes. Several dyke swarms and quartz vein fractures are resulted due to volcanic and tectonic activity in the present study area. The objective of the present study is to delineate the subsurface lineaments using different edge enhancement techniques for mineral exploration in the future. Initially, First vertical derivative (FVD), total horizontal derivative (THD), tilt derivative (TDR) and theta (THETA) map have been applied to EIGEN6C4 Bouguer anomaly data. Composite lineament density map has been generated using all enhanced maps to analyze the effect of length of lineaments in the unit area. Upward continuation maps for different height have been generated to distinguish the shallower and deeper body effects. Further, Euler 3D deconvolution technique has been applied to Bouguer anomaly data to calculate the possible depth of associated lineaments. A comparative analysis of upward continuation depth and Euler’s depth has been carried out zone wise.
Comparative Evaluation of Active Tectonics in Parts of the Frontal Region of NW Himalaya, India by Geomorphic Analysis and Geophysical Investigation
Authors: Nath Somalin , Chatterjee R.S. , Mohanty S.P. , Gaurav Shashi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) is the southern-most boundary of Himalayan mountain belt. It represents a zone of active deformation between the sub-Himalaya and Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain. Morphometric analysis of five sixth order drainage basins along the HFT has been carried out for evaluating relative tectonic activity of the region. Based on the combination of various geomorphic indices such as drainage basin spatial asymmetry, drainage gradient, drainage cross profile and mountain front sinuosity indices, the relative tectonic activity in and around the test site drainage basins was evaluated. Where all the indices are not in agreement, the relative importance of the geomorphic indices was considered to evaluate relative tectonic activity which was then compared with the abundance of drainage anomalies and previously reported active tectonic features (including active faults and fractures). Finally, the results were corroborated with the spatial frequency distribution pattern of previous seismicity (&gt; 2.5 Mw). Geophysical investigation by multi-frequency, bi-static ground penetrating radar (GPR), conducted at selective locations in the piedmont-alluvial region of Solani and Markanda drainage basins, supports active deformation of sub-surface sediment layers. Well-defined offset and warping of near-surface sediment layers indicating the presence of active fault and deformation of sediment layers were observed in 40 MHz and 100 MHz radargrams near Biharigarh and Mujahidpur villages in Solani drainage basin (Uttarakhand and U.P.) and near Toka village in Markanda drainage basin (H.P.).
Integrated Management of Upper Errakalava and Gunderu Watersheds, Upland Area of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh — RS and GIS Approach
Authors: Rambabu T. , Raghuram P. , Pitchaiah P. Sankara , Raju P.A. R. K. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The upland of West Godavari district experiences a relatively high rainfall with increasing trends towards north. The northeastern part of the study area is hilly terrain that mostly covered by forest. This area acts as a good recharge and run-off zone for the low-lying upland area. The central and southern parts of the area occupied by highly porous and permeable sandstone and alluvium forms good repositories of groundwater. Groundwater remains the principal source of irrigation and drinking. Major portion of this area is a flat to gently undulating terrain with clayey and fine loamy soils, facilitating intensive agricultural activities. Thus, the area under study forms an excellent natural geo-environment for human habitat. The present integrated watershed analysis, remote sensing coupled with GIS, is aimed at generating sustainable developmental measures of land and water resources on watershed basis in the area. For that, various thematic layers viz. settlements and transportation, slope and digital elevation model, lithology and structure, drainage and surface water resources, land use land cover, geomorphology and ground water prospects etc. were generated. Overlay of these resource maps further helped in the development of mitigation / treatment strategies in suggesting water harvesting structures. This approach enables the watershed users to take necessary actions to implement such measures for the sustainability of both land and water resources in the entire district. The integrated watershed analysis is aimed at generating sustainable developmental measures of land and water resources on watershed basis in the area. However, the underlying concept of present study is the sustenance of geo-environment.\