bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological momentary intervention on respiratory vaccine willingness in rural older adults: A cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhao Tianshuo , Shi Wanna , Wang Mingting , Wang Lili , Yuan Mengjuan , Gao Chuane , Jia Cuicui , Zhang Xiyu , Zhang Wanxue , Xu Qingsong , Cai Xianming , Zeng Jing , Du Juan , Lu Qingbin , Zhang Yuanshan , Cui Fuqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Older adults in rural areas lack vaccination knowledge and health awareness, resulting in a low willingness to vaccinate. To examine the integration of health education with ecological momentary intervention (EMI) in rural older adults and develop strategies to increase vaccination rates and reduce the burden of respiratory infections in this vulnerable group, we conducted a community intervention trial using a cluster-randomized design in villages in Shandong Province, China, between October 2023 and May 2024. The villages were randomly allocated to the EMI or control group at a ratio of 3:1, and participants were recruited from each village. Participants aged ≥ 60 years without records of recent pneumococcal, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations were eligible. Four momentary interventions were conducted in the EMI group at T1 (week 5), T2 (week 8), T3 (week 10), and T4 (week 16). The participants received momentary education on COVID-19, pneumonia, and influenza to promote vaccination. The primary outcome of the study was the number of respiratory vaccines the participants were willing to receive. However, the secondary outcome was the actual vaccination behavior for each vaccine, which was measured based on vaccination records. This study included 1,332 older adults from rural villages: 1,027 and 305 in the EMI and control groups, respectively. Latent class trajectory analysis identified three distinct vaccination willingness trajectories: the Rebound Group, showing initial low willingness with a peak after the intervention but dropping post-intervention; the Plateau Group, with consistently high willingness; and the Ascend Group, which showed continuous growth in willingness. Notably, all trajectories displayed increased willingness compared with the control group during the intervention; however, only the Plateau and Ascend groups maintained high levels post-intervention. Furthermore, a mixed-effects model analysis revealed demographic differences between the groups. Additionally, 42 participants exhibited vaccination behavior, with the EMI group showing higher incidence rates than the control group, indicating the effectiveness of EMI. In conclusion, we identified three vaccination willingness trajectories, rebound, plateau, and ascend, with varying impacts from the intervention. Notably, all groups showed increased willingness to participate, and effective vaccination behaviors were observed.
Long-term survival, patterns of progression, and patterns of use for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated with or without Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) in a real-world setting
Authors: Riegel Devon Cassidy , Bureau Britta L , Conlon Patrick , Chavez Gordon , Connelly Jennifer M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Tumor Treating Fields therapy (TTFields) is an FDA-approved locoregional treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM). Previous trial data showed the addition of TTFields to standard TMZ-based therapy to significantly improve overall survival (OS), but real-world data is lacking, particularly with long follow-up duration. Here, we report real-world survival, patterns of progression, and patterns of use for patients for patients with ndGBM treated with or without TTFields.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with GBM and treated with standard of care therapy at the Medical College of Wisconsin between March 2015–March 2023 were included. Survival outcomes were assessed, and compared across groups who received or did not receive TTFields therapy during maintenance treatment. Patients were followed through March 1, 2024.
Results
A total of 208 patients (TTFields: n = 109; No-TTFields: n = 99) were included for analysis. Baseline characteristics were consistent across groups. Median OS and PFS were significantly improved for the TTFields group vs No-TTFields group (median OS: 21.7 vs 17.7 months, P = 0.029; median PFS: 12.4 vs 9.6 months, P = 0.047). Patients treated with TTFields exhibited a higher rate of non-local progression vs No-TTFields group. Median OS and PFS were each significantly longer for the ≥ 75% usage group compared with < 75% via matched analysis.
Conclusion
The results of this study reveal an association between TTFields use and long-term survival benefit, consistent with pivotal trial findings. TTFields use is associated with a higher incidence of non-local patterns of progression, and TTFields device usage ≥ 75% is associated with increased progression-free and long-term survival.
Novel Bacteriophage Peptides Targeting Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae: A Promising in Silico Therapeutic Approach
Authors: HAQ IHTESHAMUL , Hamza Muhammad , Anwar Faheem , Shahab Muhammad , Tong Yigang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumonia is a multi-drug resistance bacteria (MDR) play significant role in causing wide range of infections, including UTI, surgical site infections, septicemia and other bloodstream infections. The high rising ratio of MDR Klebsiella pneumonia is major public health concern and there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies. Therefore, one of the hopeful and promising approaches is to use a bacteriophage peptide, which could specifically target the MDR bacteria and disrupt bacterial functions. The present study employs in silico analysis to screen and identify a new bacteriophage peptide which targets Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), a crucial protein in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The current study has identified and validated 20 important bacteriophage peptides against the GGT protein in Klebsiella pneumoniae using in silico analysis. The peptides show potential inhibitory effect on GG which could potentially decrease pathogen's viability. To further evaluate the efficacy and stability on this interaction we used comparative molecular dynamics simulation on four selected bacteriophage peptides complex with GGT. The results show the therapeutic potential of novel bacteriophage peptides, offering promising avenues for the development of targeted treatments against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The Feasibility of High-resolution Organ-axial T2-weighted MRI When combined Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) for the Classification in Uterine Fibroids patients
Authors: Liu Xiaoyi , Wang Ke , Gou Xinyi , Lian Jianxiu , Zhang Yang , Hong Nan , Wang Jianliu , Zhou Rong , Cheng Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of the FIGO classification system in categorizing uterine fibroids using organ-axial T2W MRI and to further investigate the factors associated with uterine compression.
Methods
A total of 130 patients with clinically diagnosed fibroids were prospectively enrolled between March 2023 and May 2024, who underwent MR examinations, including body-axial T2W (sagittal and axial) and organ-axial T2W (high resolution with oblique coronal and double oblique axial). For post-processing, interobserver agreements between two radiologists and inter-aggrements between two MR examinations and operational descriptions were evaluated using Kappa statistics. The accuracy of axial and organ-axial T2W assessments in the FIGO classification of uterine fibroids was compared when surgical outcomes was used as the gold standard.The Kruskal-Wallis Test was utilized for comparing the differences in cavity deformation for various FIGO classifications. Spearman's Rank Correlation Test was employed to analyze the correlation between the FIGO classification and the parameters of uterine cavity deformation.
Results
In total, 170 fibroids from 130 patients were included. Organ-axial T2W showed better interobserver agreements and higher inter-agreements with operational descriptions than organ-axial T2W, and the Kappa values of 0.877 (P = 0.04) and 0.932 (P = 0.037), respectively. The accuracy of the organ-axial T2W assessment in determining the FIGO classification of uterine fibroids was higher than that of the body-axial T2W assessment, with an accuracy of 92.9% (P < 0.01). There were 32 (38.1%) fibroids showed cavity deformation according to organ-axial T2W, including fibroids with FIGO types 0–7 and 2–5. Among these, the size of fibroids (S), base width (B),depth of compression (D),D/B,D/S, and compression angle (A) were significantly different among the different FIGO types of fibroids (P < 0.05). A exhibited a linear correlation with the FIGO type (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Organ-axial T2W provides higher accuracy based on the FIGO classification when compared to body-axial T2W, which showed better consistency according to surgical outcomes. Given the excellent reliability and accuracy of the preoperative FIGO classification, organ-axial T2W can contribute to treatment planning.
A Novel Method to Represent the Three-Dimensional Inclination of the Distal Radius Joint Surface
Authors: Ikumi Akira , Asai Reo , Eda Yusuke , Uchida Tooru , Kohyama Sho , Ogawa Takeshi , Yoshii Yuichi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aims to define three-dimensional (3D) parameters for the inclination of the distal radius joint surface. The goal is to develop standardized parameters for fracture reduction through comprehensive 3D evaluations of the joint surfaces.
Methods:
We analyzed 112 CT scans of unaffected wrists (56 males, 56 females) to construct 3D models of the distal radius. Using 3D coordinates, the normal vectors and angles were calculated based on three reference points on the distal radius joint surface. These normal vector components were then converted into unit vector components A, B, and C for the x, y, and z axes, respectively. Additionally, the angles of these unit vectors were assessed in the xy-, yz-, and xz-planes. The 3D measurements were compared between males and females and against traditional two-dimensional (2D) parameters such as palmar tilt and radial inclination.
Results:
For males, the unit vector components were A: -0.14 ± 0.09, B: -0.92 ± 0.02, and C: -0.36 ± 0.07; for females, A: -0.21 ± 0.08, B: -0.90 ± 0.03, and C: -0.36 ± 0.05. Significant differences were found between males and females for the A and B vector components (representing the palmar-dorsal and proximal-distal axes, P < 0.01). The angles of the unit vectors in the xy-, yz-, and xz-planes were 8.9 ± 5.4° / 12.9 ± 5.0°, 21.3 ± 4.1° / 22.1 ± 3.2°, and 22.2 ± 14.8° / 28.8 ± 10.1° for males and females, respectively. There were significant differences between males and females in the angles of the xy- and xz-planes (sagittal and axial planes, P < 0.01). Strong correlations were observed between the xy-plane vectors and palmar tilt (r = 0.96), as well as between the yz-plane vectors and radial inclination (r = 0.88).
Conclusions:
This study evaluated the 3D inclination of the distal radius joint surface, revealing significant gender differences. This method, which also allows for the assessment of rotational alignment—difficult with conventional techniques—is expected to be a key 3D parameter in treating distal radius fractures.
Unveiling Interrelationships Through Structural Equation Modeling: Family Function, Social Networks, and Social Phobia in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Wu Zongbi , Yan Yuxin , Cai Huifang , Qi Shikun , Xu Mingming , Wang Taifen , Jiang Youli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) enhances quality of life for end-stage renal disease patients but may be impacted by family function, social networks, and social phobia. This study examines the relationships among these factors in Chinese PD patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study included 259 PD patients from Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between December 2023 and April 2024. Participants completed questionnaires on family function (Family APGAR), social networks (LSNS-6), and social phobia (SASS-CS). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and Structural Equation Modeling.
Results: Most patients had good family function. Social network scores positively correlated with family function (r = 0.46, P < 0.001). Family function negatively correlated with social phobia (r = –0.48, P < 0.05). Family function partially mediated the relationship between social networks and social phobia, accounting for 42.1% of the total effect.
Conclusion: Strong social networks are associated with better family function and reduced social phobia in PD patients. Enhancing social support and addressing social phobia can improve family dynamics and patient outcomes.
Third-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Thoracic Radiotherapy Improves Survival in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gu Xinhang , Geng Jiaxiao , Zhao Junfeng , Wang Juan , Sun Hongfu , Fu Chengrui , Yi Yan , Li Baosheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent a front-line therapeutic regimen for patients with EGFR-mutated stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our study aimed to provide the first comparative assessment of the value of third-generation EGFR-TKIs and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) with TKI alone.
Methods
We retrospectively collected patients with EGFR-mutated (exon 19 deletions or exon 21 mutations) stage IV NSCLC who were initiated on front-line therapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs from 2018 to 2023. Patients were divided into TKI-alone and TKI + TRT groups according to whether or not TRT was added. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was implemented to decrease possible bias, and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment-associated adverse events were assessed.
Results
For all patients, the median follow-up was 28.0 months (range 14.7–59.4 months). After PSM, each group consisted of 63 patients. Compared with the PSM-matched TKI-alone group, the TKI + TRT group presented significantly better PFS (25.3 vs. 21.4 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.55, P = 0.0085) and OS (45.5 vs. 35.1 months, HR = 0.49, P = 0.03). In patients with exon 19 deletions, adding TRT resulted in better PFS than only TKI alone (31.5 vs. 23.3 months). In patients with exon 21 mutations, the median PFS was 25.3 and 17.0 months in the TKI + TRT and TKI-alone groups, respectively. Only 4.3% of patients in the TKI + TRT group developed grade ≥ 3 pneumonitis.
Conclusion
Incorporating TRT resulted in a significant prognostic benefit in front-line third-generation EGFR TKIs, with acceptable side effects.
Sexual Abuse and Unwanted pregnancies amongst women and girls in Malawi during the Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Chikhungu Lana Clara , Nkwunonwo Ugochi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Violence against women and girls increased during the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe. In Malawi, media reports were the major source of reports on sexual violence towards women and girls but such reports did not offer a comprehensive national-level outlook on the regional trends and patterns of the problem. This study investigates the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to sexual abuse towards women and girls in Malawi and explores if there was an association between reported cases of sexual abuse (rape and defilement) and the number of women and girls accessing post-abortion care services across the four administrative regions; Northern, Central, Eastern, and Southern.
Methods
The study employed an explanatory mixed methods approach. In the first stage, quantitative administrative data from 2018 to 2021 on reported cases of rape and defilement obtained from the Malawi Police and on the number of women that accessed post-abortion care services from Malawi Public Health facilities was analysed. This was followed by key informant interviews (KIIs) with regional Child Protection Officers and district-level health personnel to verify and seek explanations for the quantitative findings. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were conducted for the quantitative data, and a thematic analysis was performed to identify the common themes from the qualitative data.
Results
Reported cases of rape and defilement increased during the Covid-19 pandemic across all regions except for the Northern region. The Southern region was the only region to have experienced an increase in the number of women accessing post-abortion care services. The study did not establish any association between the percentage change in the number of reported cases of defilements and the percentage change in the number of women and girls accessing post-abortion care for the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions
The study asserts previous reports that women and girls are not safe in their own homes such that more interventions should be steered towards tackling within-home sexual abuse. This study provides further evidence that in Malawi many unplanned pregnancies possibly result in unwanted children.
Comprehensive Monitoring and Assessment of South African Shoreline Dynamics Using Satellite Imagery
Authors: Theron Danie , Theron Andre Karl 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

South Africa’s beaches lack sufficient monitoring, hindering the holistic understanding of shoreline dynamics under increasing environmental and anthropogenic pressures. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by using an enhanced, semi-automated CoastSat algorithm to create the first comprehensive shoreline database for South Africa, spanning nearly all sandy coastal areas from 1984 to 2023 (an average of 750 data points per transect, every 100m alongshore). The satellite-derived data demonstrated good accuracy (R = 0.95) against surveyed data, with an overall root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 8.5m to 13.7m, and bias reduced by up to 79% when wave runup was additionally accounted for. Despite relatively inaccurate beach-face slope estimations at some sites (R = 0.45), the satellite-derived shoreline positions proved to be accurate. Assessments of all South Africa’s sandy coastal areas revealed that the west and south coasts showed net shoreline movements indicative of a 3- to 7-year period of medium-term dynamic stability, while the east coast exhibited ongoing progressive changes. Between 2000 to 2023, 98% of beaches on the west and south coasts experienced net movements of less than 40 meters, while the east coast experienced nearly double that amount. Year-on-year shoreline changes (m/year) were similar in magnitude across all three regions, with both accretion and erosion having a similar occurrence at mild and extreme rates. This first-of-its-kind resource for South Africa will guide informed, effective and sustainable coastal management strategies and engineering design.
Enhancing Anti-Angiogenic Therapy with Bevacizumab-Loaded Nanoflowers Through The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay
Authors: Akar Remzi Okan , Ekremoğlu Murat , Altinkaynak Cevahir , Kutluay Bülent Poyraz , Ulukaya Engin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Discovering new cancer treatments is crucial, especially to counteract how tumors grow and spread through angiogenesis. This study proposes a novel method using Bevacizumab-loaded nanoflowers (Beva-NF), designed to enhance the anti-VEGF effects of Bevacizumab in a more targeted and effective way. By incorporating Bevacizumab into nanostructures, we aimed to address the limitations of conventional anti-angiogenic therapies, thus meeting the need for more powerful cancer treatments. Our method utilized the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, an alternative in vivo model, to test the antiangiogenic capability of Beva-NF. Through a carefully adapted one-pot synthesis method, we generated Bevacizumab-based nanoflowers, analyzing their shape, composition, and function via SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR analyses. This integrated approach allowed for a detailed examination of the nanostructures' effect on vascular growth in vivo. Results showed that Beva-NF significantly inhibited neovascularization, achieving greater efficacy than free Bevacizumab. Specifically, the reduction in vessel length, area, and branching points observed in the CAM assay demonstrated Beva-NF's enhanced therapeutic potential. Beyond proving the benefits of nanostructure-based delivery methods for improving drug effectiveness, the angiogenesis-blocking capacity of Beva-NF opens new possibilities for developing multifunctional nanomedicines for cancer [1, 5]. Future studies should investigate the long-term impacts and safety of these treatments in clinical environments and evaluate this novel approach's relevance to other cancer types.
Deep Learning with Multiple Faces to Improve Intrusion Detection in Adaptive Internet of Things Networks Optimization
Authors: Alasmari Sultan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

IoT net security can be improved, and cyber threats may be reduced by using Deep Learning (DL) techniques, which offer a potential method for effectively detecting defects in network data. In this paper, DL techniques are utilized to build an improved IDS in IoT platform. Initially, a pre-processing phase is employed to handle the missing values and to identify anomalous data points via MissForest and Local Outlier Factor (LOF). Besides, a ResNet-50 approach is employed to extract specific and statistical features in the IoT data. Once feature extraction is done, feature selection is carried out using Improved Mutual Information (MI) method. Then, the dimensionality issues are reduced by Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) and an AdaptNet is introduced for detecting IoT attack using the combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and Auto-Encoder (AE). By leveraging advanced DL techniques and methodologies across different stages of IDS, the expected outcome is a robust and efficient tool capable of effectively safeguarding IoT networks. Use, AVOA and ARO optimization for fine-tuning pre-trained models on large datasets. Python tool is used for implementing the proposed work and the accuracy range is 99.2%.