bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical classification of different moving targets using automotive radar and deep neural networks
Authors: Angelov Aleksandar , Robertson Andrew , Murray‐Smith Roderick , Fioranelli Francesco 
Published: April 2018

In this work, the authors present results for classification of different classes of targets (car, single and multiple people, bicycle) using automotive radar data and different neural networks. A fast implementation of radar algorithms for detection, tracking, and micro‐Doppler extraction is proposed in conjunction with the automotive radar transceiver TEF810X and microcontroller unit SR32R274 manufactured by NXP Semiconductors. Three different types of neural networks are considered, namely a classic convolutional network, a residual network, and a combination of convolutional and recurrent network, for different classification problems across the four classes of targets recorded. Considerable accuracy (close to 100% in some cases) and low latency of the radar pre‐processing prior to classification (∼0.55 s to produce a 0.5 s long spectrogram) are demonstrated in this study, and possible shortcomings and outstanding issues are discussed.
Nano‐Bi2MoO6/calcined mussel shell composites with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible‐light irradiation
Authors: Jiang Dongjiao , Cai Lu , Ji Lili , Zhang Hailong , Song Wendong 
Published: April 2018

A novel visible‐light‐driven nano‐Bi2MoO6/calcined mussel shell (CMS) photocatalyst composite was designed and synthesised by a facile hydrothermal method and characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscope and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light (λ > 420 nm) irradiation. The results indicated that 5% nano‐Bi2MoO6/CMS photocatalysts composite exhibited the highest activity, and its RhB degradation efficiency reached 98.7% within 60 min, which was 1.2 times higher than that of the pure Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst. This work demonstrated that CMS powder could be utilised to fabricate Bi2MoO6/CMS photocatalyst nanocomposites for water‐treatment applications and this study could provide a solution to the abandoned mussel shell resources from waste and environmental pollution.
Particle acceleration in the superwinds of starburst galaxies
Authors: Romero G. E. , Müller A. L. , Roth M. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Starbursts are galaxies undergoing massive episodes of star formation. The combined effect of stellar winds from hot stars and supernova explosions creates a high-temperature cavity in the nuclear region of these objects. The very hot gas expands adiabatically and escapes from the galaxy creating a superwind which sweeps matter from the galactic disk. The superwind region in the halo is filled with a multi-phase gas with hot, warm, cool, and relativistic components.
Aims. The shocks associated with the superwind of starbursts and the turbulent gas region of the bubble inflated by them might accelerate cosmic rays up to high energies. In this work we calculate the cosmic ray production associated with the superwind using parameters that correspond to the nearby southern starburst galaxy NGC 253, which has been suggested as a potential accelerator of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.
Methods. We evaluate the efficiency of both diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and stochastic diffusive acceleration (SDA) in the superwind of NGC 253. We estimate the distribution of both hadrons and leptons and calculate the corresponding spectral energy distributions of photons. The electromagnetic radiation can help to discriminate between the different scenarios analyzed.
Results. We find that the strong mass load of the superwind, recently determined through ALMA observations, strongly attenuates the efficiency of DSA in NGC 253, whereas SDA is constrained by the age of the starburst.
Conclusions. We conclude that NGC 253 and similar starbursts can only accelerate iron nuclei beyond ~1018 eV under very special conditions. If the central region of the galaxy harbors a starved supermassive black hole of ~106 M⊙, as suggested by some recent observations, a contribution in the range 1018−1019 eV can be present for accretion rates ṁ ~ 10−3 in Eddington units. Shock energies of the order of 100 EeV might only be possible if very strong magnetic field amplification occurs close to the superwind.
Preliminary data on the distribution, morphology and genetics of white-clawed crayfish and on their ectosymbionts in Lunigiana (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: Boschetti Matilde , Culicchi Alessandro , Guerrini Monica , Barbanera Filippo , Petroni Giulio 
Published: April 2018

The white-clawed crayfish is a complex of species (Austropotamobius pallipesplusA. italicus, Crustacea) pivotal to riverine environments. Regrettably, it is endangered in many European countries due to a recent massive decline. We carried out a fine-scale survey on white-clawed crayfish distribution, morphology and genetics in an under-investigated region of central Italy (Lunigiana, Tuscany) to improve local knowledge and aid conservation management of the species. The torrential fauna of Lunigiana is scarcely known and habitat alterations due to the anthropic exploitation of the territory represent a potential threat to its persistence. We investigated crayfish occurrence in eight streams of the Magra River Basin. We performed nocturnal and diurnal transects, took morphometric measurements, collected samples for genetic analysis and checked for the occurrence of ectosymbionts. Crayfish were disclosed in two streams (Civasola, Verdesina). Morphometric and phylogenetic analysis (mtDNA COI gene Bayesian tree reconstruction) concurrently identified both populations asAustropotamobius italicus carinthiacus. In the Verdesina stream, crayfish were heavily infested by branchiobdellidans (Annelida). Verdesina crayfish were also significantly smaller than those found in the Civasola stream, where branchiobdellidans were absent. Hence, we hypothesized that such difference in size might be related to the high density of ectosymbionts. In the light of habitat features and of data herein provided, we propose that both Civasola and Verdesina streams should be considered as “natural ark sites” forA. italicus, with the Magra River Basin representing a regional stronghold for the conservation of the species.
Aerobe Belastung verschlechtert die Wahrnehmungsschwelle kurzer H2S-Impulse
Authors: Schneider Katja , Lehnich Holger , Seeber Hermann , Bitter Thomas , Guntinas Lichius Orlando , Gudziol Hilmar 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ob sich bei akuter aerober körperlicher Belastung das Riechvermögen verschlechtert, wird in der Literatur widersprüchlich beschrieben.
Material und Methoden Zur Klärung dieser Fragestellung wurden die passiven Wahrnehmungsschwellen für kurze H2S-Stimuli mittels eines
Fluss-Olfaktometers inspirationssynchron bei nasaler Atmung im staircase Verfahren während einer Ruhephase, einer anschließenden submaximalen Belastung auf
einem Fahrradergometer und einer nachfolgenden Erholungsphase bei Gesunden bestimmt und mit einander verglichen. Parallel fanden Messungen von Herzfrequenz,
Blutdruck, Blutlaktat und Körpertemperatur statt, um eine aerobe Belastung abzusichern.
Ergebnisse Die Versuchsteilnehmer hatten ihre höchsten Werte für die Wahrnehmungsschwelle in der Belastungsphase. Mittels rm-ANOVA und post-hoc-Tests war
ein signifikanter Unterschied der Mittelwerte der Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen den Messungen in Ruhe und während körperlicher Belastung sowie zwischen der
Erholungs- und Belastungsphase zu verzeichnen. Die Mittelwerte der Wahrnehmungsschwellen zwischen der Ruhe- und Erholungsphase differierten hingegen nicht.
Schlussfolgerung Die Verschlechterung der olfaktorischen Wahrnehmungsschwellen während einer akuten aeroben körperlichen Belastung und deren unverzügliche
Verbesserung während der Erholungsphase auf Ruhewerte lassen auf eine Beeinflussung der Riechschwelle durch die körperliche Anstrengung schließen. Als
wahrscheinlichste Ursache hierfür kommt ein bei forcierter Nasenatmung ausgelöster Verdünnungseffekt durch zusätzlich einströmende geruchsneutrale Umgebungsluft
in Betracht.
Are Anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies Associated with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications? A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Skeith Leslie , Abou-Nassar Karim , Walker Mark , Ramsay Tim , Booth Ronald , Wen Shi , Smith Graeme , Rodger Marc 
Published: April 2018

Background While anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1) antibody positivity is included in the diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the association between anti-β2GP1 and the obstetrical complications of APS has been inconsistently reported and remains unclear.
Objective We completed a case–control study nested within the Canadian Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort to evaluate the association between anti-β2GP1 antibody positivity and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.
Study Design Five hundred cases were randomly selected among pregnant women who experienced any of the following independently adjudicated placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: preeclampsia, placental abruption, late pregnancy loss (≥ 12 weeks' gestation), and birth of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant < 10th percentile. Five hundred pregnant women without any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were selected as controls. Stored blood samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-β2GP1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results Anti-β2GP1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in titers ≥ 20 G/M units (> 99th percentile) were present in 24 of 497 (4.8%) of controls and 33 of 503 (6.6%) of cases. There was no significant difference between cases and controls for the composite outcome of any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (odds ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–2.37, p = 0.25).
Conclusion Our results call into question the association between anti-β2GP1 antibodies and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, with further research needed.
Expression of LOXs and MMP-1, 2, 3 by ACL Fibroblasts and Synoviocytes Impact of Coculture and TNF-α
Authors: Wang Chunli , Chi Qingjia , Xu Chunming , Xu Kang , Zhang Yanjun , Liu Yan , Yang Li , Sung K. L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aims to confirm the effects of synoviocytes (SCs) on regulating lysyl oxidases (LOXs) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, 2, 3 in the normal and injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts response to tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). The gene and protein expression levels of LOXs and MMP-1, 2, 3 in SCs cocultured ACL fibroblasts (ACLfs) induced by TNF-α and mechanical injury were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western bolting; the MMP-2 activity were analyzed by zymography. The results exhibited that TNF-α alone slightly downregulated the expressions of LOXs and upregulated the expression of MMP-1, 2, 3 in both normal and injured ACL fibroblasts. The decrease of LOXs and increase of MMP-1, 2, 3 in ACLfs response to TNF-α were further promoted by coculture. Taken together, these results show for the first time that the crosstalk between ACLfs and SCs could modulate the LOXs and MMP-1, 2, 3 synthesis in ACLfs in the presence of TNF-α. Accumulation of MMPs in the isolated fluid-containing space not only disrupts the balance of ACL healing, but also increases cartilage degradation and accelerates osteoarthritis (OA) in injured joint. Based on this mechanism, targeting inhibition of MMPs could provide a promising therapeutic strategy for acute ligament injury.
Congenital Esophageal Atresia—Surgical Treatment Results in the Context of Quality of Life
Authors: Rozensztrauch Anna , Śmigiel Robert , Patkowski Dariusz 
Published: April 2018

Introduction Esophageal atresia (EA) is one of the most frequent congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the study was to assess surgical treatment results in the context of the quality of life (QoL) of children after correction of EA.
Materials and Methods The data were collected among 73 patients after surgery of EA. The work diagnostic survey method was applied using authors' own questionnaire and standardized questionnaire, the PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales. Analysis of children growth was done based on World Health Organization percentile charts for body height and weight. Medical background for each patient, including demographic data, type of EA, type of delivery, the age of gestation, associated anomalies, mode of repair—primary and subsequent, if applicable, was collected from clinical records. Additional anomalies were divided into cardiac, skeletal, respiratory, renal, central nervous system, and other malformations (VACTERL association, CHARGE syndrome, trisomy chromosomes 18 and 21, and others).
Results In this study, 23% of children in the study group weighted below third percentile, 36% were born between 33rd and 37th week of gestation; 56% had at least one associated congenital anomalies. The QoL of children born before 37th week of gestational age was lower (p < 0.034) in social functioning than children born in term. The presence of concomitant anomalies does affect the overall generic QoL. No statistical correlation was found between the type of anomaly (with/without TEF) and patients' QoL.
Conclusion It seems to be needed to extend psychological care of premature infants with EA.
Zusammenhang zwischen Tinnituston und Frequenzbereich des Gehörverlusts
Authors: Kleinjung Tobias 
Published: April 2018

Keppler H et al. The relationship between tinnitus pitch and parameters of audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. J Laryngol Otol 2017; 131: 1017–1025
Ein chronischer Tinnitus ist mit einem reduzierten akustischen Reiz assoziiert. Auf die Schädigung reagiert das zentrale Hörsystem mit Veränderungen. Den
Zusammenhang zwischen Tinnituston und Parametern der Audiometrie sowie der distorsiv produzierten otoakustischen Emissionen (DPOAE) untersuchten Ärzte des
Hör-Sprachzentrums der Universität der belgischen Stadt Gent.
Integrating evidence, politics and society: a methodology for the science–policy interface
Authors: Horton Peter , Brown Garrett W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere is currently intense debate over expertise, evidence and ‘post-truth’ politics, and how this is influencing policy formulation and implementation. In this article, we put forward a methodology for evidence-based policy making intended as a way of helping navigate this web of complexity. Starting from the premise of why it is so crucial that policies to meet major global challenges use scientific evidence, we discuss the socio-political difficulties and complexities that hinder this process. We discuss the necessity of embracing a broader view of what constitutes evidence—science and the evaluation of scientific evidence cannot be divorced from the political, cultural and social debate that inevitably and justifiably surrounds these major issues. As a pre-requisite for effective policy making, we propose a methodology that fully integrates scientific investigation with political debate and social discourse. We describe a rigorous process of mapping, analysis, visualisation and sharing of evidence, constructed from integrating science and social science data. This would then be followed by transparent evidence evaluation, combining independent assessment to test the validity and completeness of the evidence with deliberation to discover how the evidence is perceived, misunderstood or ignored. We outline the opportunities and the problems derived from the use of digital communications, including social media, in this methodology, and emphasise the power of creative and innovative evidence visualisation and sharing in shaping policy.
Transcriptome-wide discovery of coding and noncoding RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Huang Rongbing , Han Mengting , Meng Liying , Chen Xing 
Published: April 2018

Significance
RNAs, both mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, usually exert their functions in the form of RNA–protein complexes. Although mRNA-binding proteins have been extensively studied, comprehensive identification of coding and noncoding RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) remains challenging. Herein, we developed a click chemistry-assisted RNA interactome capture (CARIC) strategy, which combines metabolic labeling of RNAs with an alkynyl uridine analog and in vivo RNA-protein photocross-linking, followed by click reaction with azide-biotin, affinity enrichment, and proteomic analysis. In HeLa cells, CARIC identified 597 RBPs, including 130 proteins not previously known as RBPs. Since CARIC captures RBPs bound to both mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, the obtained CARIC RBP list provides a valuable resource for studying the posttranscriptional gene regulation network.
Experimental demonstration of an isotope-sensitive warhead verification technique using nuclear resonance fluorescence
Authors: Vavrek Jayson R. , Henderson Brian S. , Danagoulian Areg 
Published: April 2018

Significance
We present an experimental demonstration of an isotope-sensitive warhead verification protocol. The measurement is capable of detecting tampering with a warhead’s material or geometry with high statistical confidence in realistically attainable measurement times, while simultaneously protecting sensitive warhead design information. Such a protocol could enable the verifiable elimination of nuclear warheads under a future arms reduction treaty.
Cytotoxicity of CdSe-based quantum dots incorporated in glass nanoparticles evaluated using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells
Authors: Ando Masanori , Horie Masanori , Akazawa-Ogawa Yoko , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Murase Norio , Shigeri Yasushi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCdSe quantum dots (QDs) are potential fluorescent reagents, but leakage of Cd and Se often induces cytotoxicity. Here we prepared CdSe-based QDs with glass to reduce their leakage and examined their cytotoxicity using keratinocyte cells. The cytotoxicity of the QDs with glass was obviously lower than that of the commercial QDs with polymer, suggesting their safety for biological applications.
The Effect of Under-Dosing Prophylactic Antibiotics in the Care of Open Tibial Fractures
Authors: Olinger Catherine R. , Carver David Christopher , Nolan Vikki G. , Weinlein John C. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
To determine the frequency and effect of under-dosing prophylactic weight-based antibiotics in patients with open tibial fractures. We hypothesized that patients who did not receive appropriate weight-based dosing of prophylactic antibiotics would have higher rates of infection.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
Patients 18 years of age or older with high-grade (Gustilo-Anderson type IIIA or IIIB) open extraarticular tibial fractures over a 5-year period.

Main Outcome:
The primary outcome was deep infection within one year of initial injury. Appropriate weight-based dosing of cefazolin was defined as: at least 1 g for patients <80 kg, 2 g for patients between 80 and 120 kg, and 3 g for patients >120 kg.

Results:
Sixty-three patients met the inclusion criteria; 21 (33%) were under-dosed with cefazolin at the time of initial presentation. Among the 20 patients who subsequently developed deep infection, only 55% were appropriately dosed with cefazolin; of the patients who did not develop deep infection, 72% were appropriately dosed with cefazolin (P = 0.18). Univariate analysis revealed that hypertension was associated with infection (P = 0.049). Multivariable logistic regression analysis of infection due to all organisms did not reveal a statistically significant reduction in the odds of infection with appropriate weight-based dosing of cefazolin [Odds ratio = 0.42 (95% confidence interval, 0.12–1.48), P = 0.177]. Five of 7 (71%) of the gram positive, non-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, infections occurred in patients who were under-dosed with cefazolin. Five (23.8%) of 21 patients who were under-dosed with cefazolin had gram-positive, non-methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections, compared to 2 (4.8%) of 42 patients who were appropriately dosed (P = 0.036).

Conclusions:
Under-dosing of weight-based antibiotics in the treatment of open fractures is common. Appropriate weight-based dosing of cefazolin for prophylaxis in high-grade open tibial fractures reduces the frequency of infection due to cefazolin-sensitive organisms. Interestingly, organisms not susceptible to cefazolin were responsible for the majority of infections. The effect of under-dosing of cefazolin and other weight-based antibiotics deserves further investigation in larger studies.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sex-Mediated Response to the Beta-Blocker Landiolol in Sepsis: An Experimental, Randomized Study
Authors: Mathieu Calypso , Desrois Martine , Kober Frank , Lalevée Nathalie , Lan Carole , Fourny Natacha , Iché-Torres Magali , Tran Thi Thom , Lê Linh Thuy , Singer Mervyn , Mège Jean-Louis , Bernard Monique , Leone Marc 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
To investigate any gender effect of the beta-1 adrenergic blocker, landiolol, on cardiac performance and energy metabolism in septic rats, and to explore the expression of genes and proteins involved in this process.

Design:
Randomized animal study.

Setting:
University research laboratory.

Subjects:
Male and female Wistar rats.

Interventions:
One hour after cecal ligation and puncture, male and female rats were randomly allocated to the following groups: sham male, cecal ligation and puncture male, cecal ligation and puncture + landiolol male, sham female, cecal ligation and puncture female, and cecal ligation and puncture + landiolol female. Cardiac MRI was carried out 18 hours after cecal ligation and puncture to assess in vivo cardiac function. Ex vivo cardiac function measurement and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy were subsequently performed using an isovolumic isolated heart preparation. Finally, we assessed cardiac gene and protein expression.

Measurements and Main Results:
In males, landiolol increased indexed stroke volume by reversing the indexed end-diastolic volume reduction without affecting left ventricle ejection fraction. In females, landiolol did not increase indexed stroke volume and indexed end-diastolic volume but decreased left ventricle ejection fraction. Landiolol had no effect on ex vivo cardiac function and on high-energy phosphate compounds. The effect of landiolol on the gene expression of natriuretic peptide receptor 3 and on protein expression of phosphorylated-AKT:AKT ratio and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was different in males and females.

Conclusions:
Landiolol improved the in vivo cardiac performance of septic male rats while deleterious effects were reported in females. Expression of natriuretic peptide receptor 3, phosphorylated-AKT:AKT, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are signaling pathways to investigate to better understand the sex differences in sepsis.