bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borenium Ion Equivalents Stabilized by BICAAC and Their Implementation as Catalysts in Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls
Authors: Adhikari Manu , Kumar Thakur Sandeep , Singh Sanjay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydride abstraction from the borane adduct, (BICAAC) ⋅ BH3 afforded the hydride bridged dinuclear borenium ion equivalent complexes 1 and 2 that have been characterized by various spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques followed by the assessment of Lewis acidity using the Gutmann‐Beckett method. The single crystal X‐ray structure of complex 2 revealed the presence of discrete ions in the solid state. The complex (BICAAC) ⋅ BH2(OTf) (3), obtained from the reaction of (BICAAC) ⋅ BH3 with MeOTf, formed the corresponding boronium cations [(BICAAC) ⋅ BH2(L)]+(OTf)− on reaction with Lewis bases (L= pyridine (4) and DMAP (5)). Complexes 1 and 2 demonstrated notable catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of a diverse array of carbonyls using 1.0 mol % catalyst loading (achieving the highest turnover frequency (TOFmax) of up to 1200 h−1 with benzaldehyde. A broad substrate scope has been presented for aldehydes and ketones decorated with various electron‐donating and withdrawing substituents along with this the hydrosilylation of a few para‐quinone methides has also been presented.
Bottom‐Up Porous Graphene Synthesis and its Applications
Authors: Khatun Sahina , Samanta Siddhartha , Sahoo Satadal , Mukherjee Ishita , Maity Sanhita , Pradhan Anirban 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncorporation of regular order pores/holes/defects into semimetalic graphene sheets can tune the band gap up to 1 eV or more introducing semiconducting property and therefore exhibiting promising applications for organic electronics such as field‐effect transistors (FETs), molecular sieve membranes, gas sensing, catalysis devices, etc. In this mini review, we focused on bottom‐up approaches to introduce periodic homogeneous pores into graphene and nanographene and graphene nanoribbons along with their characteristics and potential applications in various fields.
Structurally Diverse Limonoids from Trichilia connaroides and Their Antitumor Activities
Authors: Yan Ying , Wang Dan , Zhou Fang‐Jiao , Zhao Yu‐Han , Qin Xu‐Jie , Zhang Yu , Ding Xiao , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: November 2024

Comprehensive SummaryTwelve new limonoids (1—12), named trichilitins A—L, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia connaroides, together with ten known compounds (13—22). The structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigations, X‐ray diffraction analyses, and ECD calculations. Compound 1, which belongs to a unique class of ring B‐seco limonoid, has been identified as 6/7/6/5 tetracyclic due to a key Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation. Compounds 2—7 were identified as ring intact limonoids, while compounds 8—10 were established as ring D‐seco ones, and 11 and 12 were determined to be rearranged ones. All of the compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines (HCT‐116, NCl‐H1975, and SH‐SY5Y). Compounds 6, 7, 13, 14, and 19 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects, especially 7 exhibited significant cytotoxic effects against HCT‐116 with an IC50 value of 0.035 μmol·L–1 and was more active than the positive control, doxorubicin with an IC50 value of 0.20 μmol·L–1. Compound 7 effectively induced apoptosis of HCT‐116, which was associated with S‐phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the Western blot analysis showed that compound 7 could induce cell cycle arrest by promoting the expression levels of p53 and p21.
Does Fusobacterium in Colorectal Cancer Sites Originate From the Oral Cavity? A Pilot Study
Authors: Plomp Niels , Bertl Kristina , Lydrup Marie‐Louise , Sjöberg Klas , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesFusobacterium can contribute to oral diseases, but also pose as a systemic risk factor. This genus, and especially F. nucleatum, can be found in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue and is involved in multiple aspects of this type of cancer. Previous studies indicated a possible oral origin of these bacteria; however, stronger evidence is needed to reach a definitive conclusion. This pilot study aimed to establish a method to successfully compare, at the strain level, fusobacteria from the oral cavity and CRC resection material for future cohort studies of CRC patients.Material and MethodsIn a first cohort of eight periodontitis patients, gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were collected. Fusobacterium was isolated on two different media. In a second cohort, saliva and CRC resection material were collected from ten CRC patients. These samples were used for screening of Fusobacterium with culturing, 16S rRNA gene profiling and a PCR‐based approach.ResultsIn the first cohort, different Fusobacterium species were identified in GCF and saliva samples. However, as the total yield of Fusobacterium seemed slightly higher in saliva samples, it was therefore preferred for subsequent sample collection. Thus, in the second cohort, patient‐matched saliva and CRC resection material were screened for Fusobacterium and this showed that nine patients were culture‐positive in the saliva samples; however, no Fusobacterium could be isolated from the resection material. On the other hand, 16S rRNA gene profiling of the resection material indicated that eight CRC patients were positive for Fusobacterium. All eight of these patients carried Fusobacterium in their saliva, indicated by both marker gene PCR and culture‐based screening.ConclusionsThese pilot results are compatible with data from previous studies, indicating a possible link between oral and CRC‐associated Fusobacterium, and a more in‐depth analysis of specific strains and their characteristics in a larger cohort is justified.Trial RegistrationThe protocol was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05945082).
Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most‐Cited Articles on the Methods of Shade‐Matching in Dentistry
Authors: Rashid Farah , Dudley James 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to identify the 100 most cited articles and delve into citation metrics to gain insights into the evolving trends in shade‐matching methods in dentistry.Material and MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers conducted a structured search in Scopus using keyword‐based search strings. The top 100 articles were selected based on predefined criteria, and their bibliometric data were extracted. Harzing's Publish Or Perish and VOSviewer were used to generate the bibliographic network.ResultsBetween 1989 and 2017, the top 100 articles were published and obtained citations ranging from 560 to 48. Twenty‐eight articles received over 100 citations, deemed classic. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry and the United States of America were the primary contributors. In‐vitro experimental studies employing restorative material samples were prevalent, with spectrophotometers being the favored method of color analysis. Using Python, Spearman's correlation coefficient resealed positive correlations between citation count and age of publication (r = 0.16, p = 0.12) and between citation count and the impact factor of the journal (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). However, a negative correlation was observed between citation density and age of publication (r = −0.46, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a significant upward trajectory of citation count in shade‐matching in dentistry, reflecting high‐quality scientific contributions.
Mechanistic Insights on Coverage‐Dependent Selectivity Limitations in Vinyl Acetate Synthesis
Authors: Novotny Gregory L. , Deshlahra Prashant 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeveloping improved catalysts for sustainable chemical processes often involves understanding atomistic origins of catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. Using density functional theory and steady‐state kinetic analyses, we probe the elementary steps that form decomposition products that limit selectivity in vinyl acetate (VA) synthesis on Pd surfaces covered with acetate species. Acetate formation and coupling with ethylene control the VA formation catalytic cycle and steady‐state coverage, but acetate and ethylene can separately decompose to form CO2. Both decompositions involve initial C−H activations at acetate vacancies, followed by additional C−H activations and eventual C−O formations and C−C cleavages involving reactions with molecular oxygen. Acetate decomposition paths with non‐oxidative kinetically‐relevant steps exhibit similar free energy barriers to oxidative paths. In contrast, the non‐oxidative ethylene path involving an ethylidyne intermediate exhibits a much lower barrier than paths with oxidative kinetically‐relevant steps. Ethylene decomposition is very facile at low coverages but is more coverage‐sensitive, leading to similar decomposition and VA formation barriers at coverages accessible at steady state, which is consistent with moderate VA selectivity in measurements and ethylene vs. acetate decomposition contributions assessed from regressed kinetic parameters. These insights provide a detailed framework for describing VA synthesis rates and selectivity on metallic catalyst surfaces.
Resource selection by a megaomnivore in a marine foraging habitat
Authors: Maurer Andrew S. , Eguchi Tomo , Lemons Garrett E. , LeRoux Robin A. , LaCasella Erin L. , Turner Tomaszewicz Calandra N. , Hanna Megan E. , Curran Jessica , Chesney Bryant , Madrak Sheila V. , Seminoff Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHabitat‐based approaches to animal conservation are bolstered by an understanding of resource selection, that is, use of resources (i.e., habitat features) relative to their availability in the environment. Quantifying resource selection is especially valuable when data characterizing animal space use are limited, as is often the case with mobile and/or cryptic species. Documenting associations with habitat features can better inform management in space in time, while also revealing key insight into movement ecology and behavior. Here, we evaluate resource selection by a megaomnivore whose highly mobile nature within marine habitats has resulted in an incomplete understanding of drivers of space use. We used satellite telemetry to track 29 green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from an eastern Pacific foraging aggregation in San Diego Bay, California, USA during 2013–2023. Tracking produced 5023 Fastloc‐GPS points which we used to model selection for local environmental resources relative to their availability. We employed logistic models to evaluate associations with seagrass, bathymetry, and water temperatures, implementing a framework that additionally allowed us to explore the roles of season, diel period, and turtle body size. Our methods demonstrate an approach for down‐weighting observations according to assumed telemetry error and autocorrelation. Results from fine‐scale resource selection models provide evidence that green turtles in San Diego Bay select for eelgrass meadows (Zostera marina), particularly during the warmest months of the year, but the strength of this selection changes from day to night. We additionally found day–night shifts in depth and temperature selection that changed with turtle body size and season. We discuss these findings in the context of diel patterns in resting and foraging behavior in addition to seasonal changes in thermally sensitive metabolic rates. Our study documents resource associations and provides quantitative information for the management of sea turtle foraging populations and their habitats. We offer key insight into habitat use by green turtles in the eastern Pacific at a pivotal time when multiple indicators point to population growth and expansion within the region.
Genotypic variation in resource exchange, use, and production traits in the legume–rhizobia mutualism
Authors: Calvert McCall B. , Hoque Maliha , Wood Corlett W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMutualisms, reciprocally beneficial interactions between two or more species, are ubiquitous in nature. A common feature of mutualisms is extensive context‐dependent variation in fitness outcomes. This context‐dependency is hypothesized to stem from the environment's mediation of the relative costs and benefits associated with mutualisms. However, traits related to the exchange of goods and services in mutualisms have received little attention in comparison to net fitness outcomes. In this study, we quantified the contribution of host and symbiont genotypes to variation in resource exchange, use, and production traits measured in the host using the model mutualism between legumes and nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia. We predicted that plant genotype × rhizobia genotype (G × G) effects would be common to resource exchange traits because resource exchange is hypothesized to be governed by both interacting partners through bargaining. On the other hand, we predicted that plant genotype effects would dominate host resource use and production traits because these traits are only indirectly related to the exchange of resources. Consistent with our prediction for resource exchange traits, but not our prediction for resource use and production traits, we found that rhizobia genotype and G × G effects were the most common sources of variation in the traits that we measured. The results of this study complement the commonly observed phenomenon of G × G effects for fitness by showing that numerous mutualism traits also exhibit G × G variation. Furthermore, our results highlight the possibility that the exchange of resources as well as how partners use and produce traded resources can influence the evolution of mutualistic interactions. Our study lays the groundwork for future work to explore the relationship between resource exchange, use and production traits and fitness (i.e., selection) to test the competing hypotheses proposed to explain the maintenance of fitness variation in mutualisms.
Assessment of Changes in the Composition and Distribution of Large and Medium‐Sized Mammals in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China
Authors: Cao Hui , Quan Rui‐Chang , Bai Yang , He Ruchuan , Geng Ying , Liu Ying , Li Jiabin , Wang Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the vulnerability of large and medium‐sized mammal communities to climate change and human disturbances, understanding the spatial–temporal dynamics of these communities is essential for effective conservation planning. However, in many biodiversity hotspots, precise biological community assessments are insufficient. From 2012 to 2022, we deployed 784 camera traps in eight nature reserves (including sub‐reserves) and one State Forest Farm (SFF, less strictly protected than a reserve) to study the composition and distribution of large and medium‐sized mammals in tropical Xishuangbanna. The findings revealed the following: (1) Forty‐three species, encompassing six orders, 17 families, and 37 genera, were documented. Among the species in historical data, nine species were not detected in this survey. (2) Smaller and more fragmented reserves lacked larger body‐sized predators and herbivores, and most common species showed lower relative population abundance. Conversely, the SFF exhibited high mammal diversity. (3) The community composition of large and medium‐sized mammals varied significantly across the nine sites, particularly among threatened species. Our findings highlight the uneven distribution of these mammal communities in Xishuangbanna, with rare and large‐sized species facing increased vulnerability to rapid environmental changes. Moreover, the findings demonstrate the importance of considering species specificity and uniqueness in conservation planning for maintaining regional‐scale biodiversity.
Comparison of the Distribution Patterns of Microsatellites Across the Genomes of Reptiles
Authors: Zhong Huaming , Shao Xuan , Cao Jing , Huang Jie , Wang Jing , Yang Nuo , Yuan Baodong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMicrosatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are prevalent across various organisms' genomes. However, their distribution patterns and evolutionary dynamics in reptile genomes are rarely studied systematically. We herein conducted a comprehensive analysis of SSRs in the genomes of 36 reptile species. Our findings revealed that the total number of SSRs ranged from 1,840,965 to 7,664,452, accounting for 2.16%–8.19% of the genomes analyzed. The relative density ranged from 21,567.82 to 81,889.41 bp per megabase (Mbp). The abundance of different SSR categories followed the pattern of imperfect SSR (I‐SSR) > perfect SSR (P‐SSR) > compound SSR (C‐SSR). A significant positive correlation was observed between the number of SSRs and genome size (p = 0.0034), whereas SSR frequency (p = 0.013) or density (p = 0.0099) showed a negative correlation with genome size. Furthermore, no correlation was found between SSR length and genome size. Mononucleotide repeats were the most common P‐SSRs in crocodilians and turtles, whereas mononucleotides, trinucleotides, or tetranucleotides were the most common P‐SSRs in snakes, lizards, and tuatara. P‐SSRs of varying motif sizes showed nonrandom distribution across different genic regions, with AT‐rich repeats being predominant. The genomic SSR content of the squamate lineage ranked the highest in abundance and variability, whereas crocodilians and turtles showed a slowly evolving and reduced microsatellite landscape. Gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicated that genes harboring P‐SSRs in the coding DNA sequence regions were primarily involved in the regulation of transcription and translation processes. The SSR dataset generated in this study provides potential candidates for functional analysis and calls for broader‐scale analyses across the evolutionary spectrum.
Predicting the Potential Distribution of the Endangered Pyrethrum tatsienense in China Using an Optimized Maxent Model Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Zhu Duo Ping , Yang Liu , Li Yong‐hua , Huang Pei , Yao Bin , Kong Zhe , Xiang Yangzhou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClimate change can significantly impact the ecological suitability and diversity of species. Pyrethrum tatsienense, a critically endangered species in China, requires a thorough understanding of its habitat distribution and the environmental factors that affect it in the context of climate change. The Maxent algorithm was used to examine the key factors influencing the distribution of P. tatsienense in China, using data from 127 species occurrences and environmental variables from the Last Interglacial (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Mid‐Holocene (MH), current, and future scenarios. The Maxent model was optimized utilizing the R package ENMeval, providing the most accurate predictions for suitable habitats across various scenarios. Results show that suitable regions for P. tatsienense encompass approximately 15.02% (14.42 × 105 km2) of China, predominantly on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The mean UV‐B of the highest month (UVB3: 39.7%), elevation (elev: 28.7%), and the warmest season of precipitation (Bio18: 17.4%) are the major limiting factors for suitable habitat. The optimal species distribution ranges are identified as > 7500 J m−2 day−1 for UVB3, 2700–5600 m for elev, and 150–480 mm for Bio18. Predictions for the historical climate indicate the presence of refugia at the junction of Sichuan, Tibet, and Qinghai. The MH predictions show an increase in climatic suitability for P. tatsienense compared to the LIG and LGM, with an expansion of suitable areas westward. Future climate change scenarios indicate that the potential suitable habitat for P. tatsienense is expected to increase with increasing radiative forcing, with higher latitude regions becoming new marginally suitable habitats. However, predicted environmental changes in western Tibet may drive the loss of highly suitable habitats in the future. These findings enhance our understanding of how environmental factors impact the habitat suitability of P. tatsienense and provide valuable insights for developing effective management and conservation strategies for this important species.
Fabrication of Flexible Organic Field Effect Transistor Using Patterned Electrospray Deposition
Authors: Moriwaki Takahisa , Yamauchi Hiroshi , Tadokoro Takashi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe electrospray deposition (ESD) method is a wet process that uses the solution spray formed by an electric field between the needle of a syringe containing the solution and a conductive substrate or an insulated electrode. In this study, we fabricated thin films based on 6,13‐bis(triisopropyl‐silylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) formed by a new direct patterning ESD method. This method utilizes an electric field applied between the nozzle and patterned electrodes on the substrate. It enables the formation of patterns on materials such as plastic films. Moreover, this ESD method allows for the control of patterned film width using the voltage on a counter‐patterned electrode. These results demonstrate that the patterned TIPS‐pentacene film width can be controlled by controlling voltage. We fabricated a flexible organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) using this method and measured its static electrical characteristics.
Triggering policy learning via formal EU evaluation requirements in the case of Cohesion Policy
Authors: Dotti Nicola Francesco , Colnot Louis , Walczyk Julia , Kupiec Tomasz , Pellegrin Julie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU), especially in the context of Cohesion Policy (CP), has played a crucial role in developing and promoting policy evaluation practices across its Member States. Evaluation systems across the Member States have been established to assess CP investments. Remarkably, the use of evaluation research and its contribution to stimulating policy learning has remained a “black box.” To address this issue, this article aims to develop a novel framework centered around four conditions for evaluation‐based policy learning, namely: (1) policy relevance, (2) resources and organizational settings, (3) quality of evaluation, and (4) evaluation culture. These conditions are retrieved from the existing literature on policy evaluation and applied to the six‐country cases across the EU. The findings suggest how loosening the formal EU evaluation requirements could affect policy learning in the Member States.