bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Um novo olhar sobre o lugar: o uso do sensoriamento remoto como subsidio no ensino da geografia na zona rural de Chapada, Serrinha/Ba
Authors: Da Silva Lima Naiara , Chaves Joselisa Maria 
Published: July 2018

Diante da conjuntura atual, em uma época de grandes transformações, onde as informações possuem um alto grau de poder, circulação e difusão os jovens se sentem atraídos e inseridos nessa nova era tecnológica, nesse mundo comunicacional, onde as ferramentas do Sensoriamento remoto estão constantemente inseridas, sendo assim, buscou-se verificar se a escola faz uso dessas ferramentas na aulas de geografia, contextualizando seus produtos com a realidade discente. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho versa sobre a importância de utilizar o Sensoriamento Remoto em ambiente escolar, possibilitando ao aluno observar, analisar e compreender as transformações ocorridas no espaço geográfico que compõe o seu cotidiano. O objetivo principal foi apresentar recursos didáticos que podem contribuir no ensino de Geografia a partir de técnicas do sensoriamento remoto na Escola Antonio Alves da Silva, situada na zona rural do povoado de Chapada, municipio de Serrinha/BA. O caminho metodológico adotado nesse estudo foi a aplicação de uma oficina na turma de 5º ano do Fundamental I, em que inicialmente foi feita uma avaliação diagnóstica no intuito de perceber se os alunos já possuiam conhecimento do assunto, posteriormente foi realizada uma contextualização teórica, abordando conceitos principais do tema supracitado e suas aplicações, bem como a exposição de imagens de satélites referentes a quatro comunidades rurais diferentes, lugares estes, de residência dos discentes. A construção de um painel temático em sala, foi o resultado obtido a apartir da oficina, no qual os alunos identificaram elementos de ordem natural e antrópica nas imagens da sua comunidade de origem, criando uma legenda para sinalizar os diferentes espaços e objetos da superficie. Assim sendo, constatou-se que esse foi o primeiro contato dos alunos com a temática, porém mesmo iniciantes conseguiram identificar e compreender as informações presentes em cada etapa do trabalho ao discutir com demais colegas o que foi apreendido na atividade, fazendo do sensoriamento remoto um tema relevante e de grande potencial no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes no espaço escolar. Palavras-chave: Sensoriamento Remoto. Geografia. Lugar. Espaço georáfico.
Las geotecnologías como estrategias didácticas Para la enseñanza en secundaria
Authors: Ruiz Sebastian , Vazquez Miriam , Diez Paula 
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo surge a partir del Proyecto de Extensión “Actividades de Vinculación Universidad - Colegios y Escuelas. Un espacio en común para la construcción del conocimiento geográfico”, cuyo fin es articular la actividad docente de esta Universidad con un Colegio Secundario. El propósito es acercar estrategias de enseñanza basadas en estudios de caso asociadas a las geotecnologías para abordar de manera conjunta una problemática urbana y local como los anegamientos en la ciudad de Río Gallegos. Los estudios de caso como instrumentos complejos incluyen para su desarrollo información y datos provenientes de fuentes diversas que determinan su naturaleza interdisciplinaria. Los buenos casos se construyen en torno de problemas de la vida real y generalmente corresponden a escalas de análisis conocidas para los estudiantes. La incorporación de geotecnologías como técnicas o herramientas de análisis dan valor agregado a los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje e incentivan el interés de los estudiantes en la ciencia y la tecnología geoespacial.El objetivo del trabajo es destacar la importancia que tienen las geotecnologías en la enseñanza de la geografía en la educación secundaria. La metodología consiste en presentar a los alumnos el problema y brindar las herramientas geotecnológicas para facilitar la detección de los cambios recientes ocurridos sobre la red de drenaje natural. La observación, análisis y evaluación de imágenes (aerofotomosaicos antiguos, imágenes satelitales, carta topográfica y modelos digitales de elevación) orienta al alumno y le permite hacer juicios basados en hechos, información lógica y fundamentada. Los resultados se contrastan con las áreas más afectadas durante los eventos de precipitación registrados durante el año 2016 sobre el plano de la ciudad.Río Gallegos se localiza en la margen sur del estuario compartido entre los ríos Gallegos y Chico. Se desarrolla en un clima templado frío- semiárido de meseta con precipitaciones medias anuales que oscilan entre 200 y240 mm; estudios recientes han demostrado que con8 mmde precipitación se registran anegamientos en distintas áreas de la localidad principalmente sobre los niveles topográficos más bajos generando alteraciones en la organización espacial de la población y pérdidas económicas. Los problemas de anegamiento en la ciudad son resultado de la alteración del sistema hídrico natural por efecto de la ocupación del suelo para uso urbano y la falta de obras hidráulicas acordes al crecimiento del ejido.Las geotecnologías como estrategias didácticas aplicadas al estudio de caso generan mayor motivación y aprendizajes significativos entre los estudiantes quienes pudieron desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico y creativo.Palabras clave: Geotecnologías - Enseñanza de la Geografía - Estudios de Caso.
Influence of supplemental cassava root sieviate - cassava leaf meal based diets on carcass and economics of production of West African dwarf goats
Authors: Jiwuba Peter-Damian Chukwunomso , Onunka B N , Nweke, J.C J C 
Published: July 2018

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the carcass yield, organ characteristics and economics of production of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed cassava root sieviate-cassava leaf meal (CRSCLM) based diets as supplement to Panicum maximum using 36 WAD goats of about 8 to 10 months of age. Four diets T1, T2, T3, and T4, were formulated at the levels of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% CRSCLM respectively, in a completely randomized design. Each animal received a designated treatment diet in the morning for 97 days. Feed offered was based on 3.5% body weight per day; the animals in addition were fed a kg wilted chopped Panicum maximum later in the day as basal diet to enhance rumination and chime chewing. Result on carcass indices showed significant (p<0.05) influence on live weight at slaughter, empty carcass weight, warm carcass weight, dressing percentage, shoulder, leg, lion, end and shank with T4 having relatively best results. The dressing percentage was numerically (49.59%) best at T4. On the offal weights, head and full guts were significantly (p<0.05) improved for T4 and T1 goats. The organ characteristic proved the safety of using CRSCLM through the significantly (p<0.05) lower organ weights at T4 goats. Cost per kg feed, feed cost/weight gain and cost/benefit ratio were positive influenced (p<0.05) at T4 with expected income of ^4.79 per ^1 invested. It could therefore be concluded that WAD goats fed 60% CRSCLM had the best carcass and organ yields at a reduced feed cost.Keyword: WAD goat, Cassava leaf meal, cassava root sieviate, cost/benefit ratio
Radiation treatment planning and delivery strategies for a pregnant brain tumor patient
Authors: Labby Zacariah E. , Barraclough Brendan , Bayliss R. Adam , Besemer Abigail E. , Dunkerley David A. P. , Howard Steven P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe management of a pregnant patient in radiation oncology is an infrequent event requiring careful consideration by both the physician and physicist. The aim of this manuscript was to highlight treatment planning techniques and detail measurements of fetal dose for a pregnant patient recently requiring treatment for a brain cancer. A 27‐year‐old woman was treated during gestational weeks 19–25 for a resected grade 3 astrocytoma to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, followed by an additional 9 Gy boost in five fractions. Four potential plans were developed for the patient: a 6 MV 3D‐conformal treatment plan with enhanced dynamic wedges, a 6 MV step‐and‐shoot (SnS) intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan, an unflattened 6 MV SnS IMRT plan, and an Accuray TomoTherapy HDA helical IMRT treatment plan. All treatment plans used strategies to reduce peripheral dose. Fetal dose was estimated for each treatment plan using available literature references, and measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and an ionization chamber with an anthropomorphic phantom. TLD measurements from a full‐course radiation delivery ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 cGy for the 3D‐conformal treatment plan, from 1.0 to 1.5 cGy for the 6 MV SnS IMRT plan, from 0.6 to 1.0 cGy for the unflattened 6 MV SnS IMRT plan, and from 1.9 to 2.6 cGy for the TomoTherapy treatment plan. The unflattened 6 MV SnS IMRT treatment plan was selected for treatment for this particular patient, though the fetal doses from all treatment plans were deemed acceptable. The cumulative dose to the patient's unshielded fetus is estimated to be 1.0 cGy at most. The planning technique and distance between the treatment target and fetus both contributed to this relatively low fetal dose. Relevant treatment planning strategies and treatment delivery considerations are discussed to aid radiation oncologists and medical physicists in the management of pregnant patients.
Li4Ti5O12: A Visible‐to‐Infrared Broadband Electrochromic Material for Optical and Thermal Management
Authors: Mandal Jyotirmoy , Du Sicen , Dontigny Martin , Zaghib Karim , Yu Nanfang , Yang Yuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBroadband electrochromism from visible to infrared wavelengths is attractive for applications like smart windows, thermal camouflage, and temperature control. In this work, the broadband electrochromic properties of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and its suitability for infrared camouflage and thermoregulation are investigated. Upon Li+ intercalation, LTO changes from a wide bandgap semiconductor to a metal, causing LTO nanoparticles on metal to transition from a super‐broadband optical reflector to a solar absorber and thermal emitter. Large tunabilities of 0.74, 0.68, and 0.30 are observed for the solar reflectance, mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) emittance, and long‐wave infrared (LWIR) emittance, respectively, with a tunability of 0.43 observed for a wavelength of 10 µm. The values exceed, or are comparable to notable performances in the literature. A promising cycling stability is also observed. MWIR and LWIR thermography reveal that the emittance of LTO‐based electrodes can be electrochemically tuned to conceal them amidst their environment. Moreover, under different sky conditions, LTO shows promising solar heating and subambient radiative cooling capabilities depending on the degree of lithiation and device design. The demonstrated capabilities of LTO make electrochromic devices based on LTO highly promising for infrared‐camouflage applications in the defense sector, and for thermoregulation in space and terrestrial environments.
Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites by Molecular Engineering
Authors: Hu Hongwei , Meier Fabian , Zhao Daming , Abe Yuichiro , Gao Yang , Chen Bingbing , Salim Teddy , Chia Elbert E. M. , Qiao Xianfeng , Deibel Carsten , Lam Yeng Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolution‐processed organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are promising emitters for next‐generation optoelectronic devices. Multiple‐colored, bright light emission is achieved by tuning their composition and structures. However, there is very little research on exploring optically active organic cations for hybrid perovskites. Here, unique room‐temperature phosphorescence from hybrid perovskites is reported by employing novel organic cations. Efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence is activated by designing a mixed‐cation perovskite system to suppress nonradiative recombination. Multiple‐colored phosphorescence is achieved by molecular design. Moreover, the emission lifetime can be tuned by varying the perovskite composition to achieve persistent luminescence. Efficient room‐temperature phosphorescence is demonstrated in hybrid perovskites that originates from the triplet states of the organic cations, opening a new dimension to the further development of perovskite emitters with novel functional organic cations for versatile display applications.
The Importance of Excited‐State Energy Alignment for Efficient Exciplex Systems Based on a Study of Phenylpyridinato Boron Derivatives
Authors: Mamada Masashi , Tian Guojian , Nakanotani Hajime , Su Jianhua , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding excited‐state dynamics is critical for improving the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of exciplexes. A series of exciplexes based on conventional hole‐transporting materials as donor and newly developed phenylpyridinato boron derivatives as acceptor were investigated. High PL efficiencies were achieved in only some combinations, and a large difference in performance among combinations provided insight into nonradiative processes in exciplex systems. Furthermore, the triplet local excited states (3LE) of each donor and acceptor were found play an important role in triplet exciplex harvesting. Significant contributions from triplets were clearly observed when the charge‐transfer excited states (1CT and 3CT) and 3LE were ideally aligned. We also demonstrated fine control of relative energy alignment via the concentration to improve the PL efficiency.
Construction of a Metal‐Free Electron Spin System by Encapsulation of an NO Molecule Inside an Open‐Cage Fullerene C60 Derivative
Authors: Hasegawa Shota , Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Kato Tatsuhisa , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA reactive radical species, nitric oxide (NO), was encapsulated in a unimolecular form inside an open‐cage fullerene derivative under high‐pressure conditions in the solid state. Surprisingly, the molecular complex showed sharp 1H NMR signals despite the existence of the paramagnetic species inside the carbon cage. Owing to the paramagnetic shifts, the escape rate of the NO was determined experimentally. After constructing a stopper on the rim of the opening, the NO was found to stay inside the cage even at 50 °C. The ESR measurements of the powdery sample showed paramagnetic properties at low temperature. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis clearly demonstrated the existence of the encapsulated NO molecule, suggesting rapid rotation inside the cage. The 1H NMR chemical shifts displayed a large temperature dependence owing to the paramagnetic effects.
Incorporating physiologically relevant mobile phases in micellar liquid chromatography for the prediction of human intestinal absorption
Authors: Shokry Dina S. , Waters Laura J. , Parkes Gareth M. B. , Mitchell John C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicellar liquid chromatography is a popular method used in the determination of a compound's lipophilicity. This study describes the use of the obtained micelle–water partition coefficient (log Pmw) by such a method in the prediction of human intestinal absorption (HIA). As a result of the close resemblance of the novel composition of the micellar mobile phase to that of physiological intestinal fluid, prediction was deemed to be highly successful. The unique micellar mobile phase consisted of a mixed micellar mixture of lecithin and six bile salts, i.e. a composition matching that found in the human intestinal environment, prepared in ratios resembling those in the intestine. This is considered to be the first method to use a physiological mixture of biosurfactants in the prediction of HIA. As a result, a mathematical model with high predictive ability (R2PRED = 81%) was obtained using multiple linear regression. The micelle–water partition coefficient (log Pmw) obtained from micellar liquid chromatography was found to be a successful tool for prediction where the final optimum model included log Pmw and polar surface area as key descriptors with high statistical significance for the prediction of HIA. This can be attributed to the nature of the mobile phase used in this study which contains the lecithin–bile salt complex, thus forming a bilayer system and therefore mimicking absorption across the intestinal membrane.
A validated LC–MS/MS method for the determination of specnuezhenide and salidroside in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Ding Yan , Ju Zhengcai , Ma Chao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish and validate a rapid and sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of specnuezhenide and its bioactive metabolite salidroside in rat plasma. Protein precipitation was carried out and the analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm). A mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution was used for elution under gradient conditions at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Quantification was performed in the negative multiple reaction monitoring mode with precursor‐to‐product transitions at m/z 685.2 → 453.1 for specnuezhenide, m/z 229.3 → 119.0 for salidroside and 493.2 → 147.1 for the internal standard. The method showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and stability in the range 0.5–500.0 ng/mL for specnuezhenide and salidroside. The values of the matrix effect were within the range of 100.02–111.87% for both analytes, while the mean extraction recovery was within the range 64.19–78.26%. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD) were <13.49% and the accuracy (RR) ranged from 93.59 to 102.24%. This study was successfully utilized for the pharmacokinetic study of specnuezhenide in rats after oral and intravenous administration. The oral bioavailability of specnuezhenide was 1.93%.
Comparison of three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy and hepatic resection in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus
Authors: Su Fang , Chen Kai‐Hua , Liang Zhong‐Guo , Wu Chun‐Hua , Li Ling , Qu Song , Chen Long , Zhu Xiao‐Dong , Zhong Jian‐Hong , Li Le‐Qun , Xiang Bang‐De 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT) and hepatic resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 323 HCC patients involving PVTT. Among them, 134 patients underwent 3D‐CRT, while 189 controls treated with hepatic resection (HR). Survival rate and prognostic analysis were performed using Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analyses.ResultsThe 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year overall survival (OS) of RT group and HR group was 54% vs 62%, 33% vs 47%, and 18% vs 43%, respectively (P = 0.003). In the subgroup of PVTT type analysis, the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year OS in RT group was 65%, 39%, and 19%, respectively, while that in HR group was 83%, 53%, and 42%, respectively, in type I PVTT (P < 0.001). The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year OS in RT group was 52%, 35%, and 11%, while that in HR group was 55%, 42%, and 25%, respectively, in type II PVTT (P = 0.612). In type III PVTT, the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year OS in RT group was 16%, 3%, and 0%, respectively, while that in HR group was 11%, 0%, and 0%, respectively (P = 0.041). Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size ≥10 cm, Child‐Pugh class B, and type III PVTT are independent predictors of poor prognosis in HCC with PVTT.Conclusion3D‐CRT appears to be an effective treatment for patients with HCC involving type II/III PVTT.
Compressed dynamic mesh sequence for progressive streaming
Authors: Yang Bailin , Jiang Zhaoyi , Shangguan Jiantao , Li Frederick W. B. , Song Chao , Guo Yibo , Xu Mingliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDynamic mesh sequence (DMS) is a simple and accurate representation for precisely recording a 3D animation sequence. Despite its simplicity, this representation is typically large in data size, making storage and transmission expensive. This paper presents a novel framework that allows effective DMS compression and progressive streaming by eliminating spatial and temporal redundancy. To explore temporal redundancy, we propose a temporal frame‐clustering algorithm to organize DMS frames by their motion trajectory changes, eliminating intracluster redundancy by principal component analysis dimensionality reduction. To eliminate spatial redundancy, we propose an algorithm to transform the coordinates of mesh vertex trajectory into a decorrelated trajectory space, generating a new spatially nonredundant trajectory representation. We finally apply a spectral graph wavelet transform with color set partitioning embedded block encoding to turn the resultant DMS into a multiresolution representation to support progressive streaming. Experiment results show that our method outperforms several existing methods in terms of storage requirement and reconstruction quality.
A Versatile and Convenient Synthesis of 34S‐Labeled Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides
Authors: Stulz Rouven , Meuller Johan , Baždarević Dženita , Wennberg Huldt Charlotte , Strömberg Roger , Andersson Shalini , Dahlén Anders 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA synthetic protocol for 34S‐labeled phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (PS ONs) was developed to facilitate MS‐based assay analysis. This was enabled by a highly efficient, two‐step, one‐pot synthesis of 34S‐labeled phenylacetyl disulfide (34S‐PADS), starting from 34S‐enriched elemental sulfur (34S8). 34S‐PADS was subsequently used for stable isotope labeling (SIL) of oligonucleotides containing a phosphorothioate backbone. The 34S‐SIL PS ONs are shown to retain the same melting temperature, antisense activity, and secondary structure as those of the corresponding unlabeled 32S PS ONs.
Effects of Process Parameters on an Inverse Concentrated Miniemulsion Flowing in a Microchannel
Authors: Malafosse Claire , Blanco Jean-François , le Sauze Nathalie , Loubière Karine , Ollagnier Jean-Noël , Rolland Hervé , Pierre Aurélie , Prat Laurent 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmulsions are of great industrial interest due to their wide variety and end‐use properties. Microfluidics systems provide excellent control of transport phenomena. Hence, the influence of operating parameters on a concentrated inverse miniemulsion flowing in a microfluidic system was investigated. The feasibility of maintaining the emulsion in a microfluidic device was clearly demonstrated and the associated operating domain identified. Due to its influence on rheology, the effect of temperature on the droplet size distribution was quantified. Under specific conditions, a mass transfer phenomenon between the train of water drops and the smallest droplets of the emulsion was found, potentially explained by a difference in osmotic pressure between the two aqueous phases.
Photocatalytic Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Authors: Bottecchia Cecilia , Noël Timothy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the last decade, visible‐light photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy to enable novel transformations in organic synthesis. Owing to mild reaction conditions (i.e., room temperature, use of visible light) and high functional‐group tolerance, photoredox catalysis could represent an ideal strategy for chemoselective biomolecule modification. Indeed, a recent trend in photoredox catalysis is its application to the development of novel methodologies for amino acid modification. Herein, an up‐to‐date overview of photocatalytic methodologies for the modification of single amino acids, peptides, and proteins is provided. The advantages offered by photoredox catalysis and its suitability in the development of novel biocompatible methodologies are described. In addition, a brief consideration of the current limitations of photocatalytic approaches, as well as future challenges to be addressed, are discussed.