bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rod‐Cell‐Mimetic Photochromic Layered Ion Channels with Multiple Switchable States for Controllable Ion Transport
Authors: Xiao Tianliang , Ma Jing , Jiang Jiaqiao , Gan Mengke , Lu Bingxin , Luo Rifeng , Liu Qingqing , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Zhaoyue , Zhai Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe controllable ion transport in the photoreceptors of rod cells is essentially important for the light detection and information transduction in visual systems. Herein, inspired by the photochromism‐regulated ion transport in rod cells with stacking structure, layered ion channels have been developed with a visual photochromic function induced by the alternate irradiation with visible and UV light. The layered structure is formed by stacking spiropyran‐modified montmorillonite 2D nanosheets on the surface of an alumina nanoporous membrane. The visual photochromism resulting from the photoisomerization of spiropyran chromophores reversibly regulates the ion transport through layered ion channels. Furthermore, the cooperation of photochromism and pH value achieves multiple switchable states of layered ion channels for the controllable ion transport mimicking the biological process of the visual cycle. The ion transport properties of these states are explained quantitatively by a theoretical calculation based on the Poisson and Nernst–Plank (PNP) equations.
A Multiresponsive Nanohybrid to Enhance the Lysosomal Delivery of Oxygen and Photosensitizers
Authors: Du Baoji , Zhang Weiqi , Tung Ching‐Hsuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer ablation method, but its efficiency is easily affected by several factors, such as the insufficient delivery of photosensitizers, low oxygen levels as well as long distance between singlet oxygen and intended organelles. A multifunctional nanohybrid, named MGAB, consisting of gelatin‐coated manganese dioxide and albumin‐coated gold nanoclusters, was designed to overcome these issues by improving chlorin e6 (Ce6) delivery and stimulating oxygen production in lysosomes. MGAB were quickly degraded in a high hydrogen peroxide, high protease activity, and low pH microenvironment, which is closely associated with tumor growth. The Ce6‐loaded MGAB were picked up by tumor cells through endocytosis, degraded within the lysosomes, and released oxygen and photosensitizers. Upon near‐infrared light irradiation, the close proximity of oxygen with photosensitizer within lysosomes enabled the production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen, resulting in more effective PDT.
The Japanese Pioneering Contribution to the Investigation of Modular Structures
Authors: Umayahara Akihiro , Nespolo Massimo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMonoarchetypal modular crystal structures are built by regularly juxtaposing modules obtained from the same archetype. At the interface the coordination environment may altered, leading to a chemical modulation that accompanies the structural variability. When this does not occur the result is a series of polytypes, whose building modules are not limited to layers, although the latter represent the most common examples. The symmetry theory of polytypes was developed by the Order–Disorder (OD) school, which however considered only layers as building modules, and only those polytypes in which pairs of layers are geometrically equivalent. Well before the OD school, Ito in Japan recognized the need of a wider algebraic category, that he called “twinned space groups”, in which he considered only digonal operations. His approach was later expanded by Sadanaga, who recognized that Ito's “twinned space groups” are space groupoids. In this article the contribution of the Japanese school to the field is traced back, and it is shown that the fundamental concepts later developed in a more systematic way, were already present, in a nutshell, in the works of Ito and Sadanaga; finally, a slightly revised classification of monoarchetypal modular structures is proposed which better reflects the original contribution by the Japanese school.
Neuropathological correlates of amyloid PET imaging in Down syndrome
Authors: Abrahamson Eric E. , Head Elizabeth , Lott Ira T. , Handen Benjamin L. , Mufson Elliott J. , Christian Bradley T. , Klunk William E. , Ikonomovic Milos D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) results in an overproduction of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide associated with early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DS cases have Aβ deposits detectable histologically as young as 12–30 years of age, primarily in the form of diffuse plaques, the type of early amyloid pathology also seen at pre‐clinical (i.e., pathological aging) and prodromal stages of sporadic late onset AD. In DS subjects aged >40 years, levels of cortical Aβ deposition are similar to those observed in late onset AD and in addition to diffuse plaques involve cored plaques associated with dystrophic neurites (neuritic plaques), which are of neuropathological diagnostic significance in AD. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss findings from amyloid PET imaging studies of DS in reference to postmortem amyloid‐based neuropathology. PET neuroimaging applied to subjects with DS has the potential to (a) track the natural progression of brain pathology, including the earliest stages of amyloid accumulation, and (b) determine whether amyloid PET biomarkers predict the onset of dementia. In addition, the question that is still incompletely understood and relevant to both applications is the ability of amyloid PET to detect Aβ deposits in their earliest form.
A Bayesian spatiotemporal model of panel design data: Airborne particle number concentration in Brisbane, Australia
Authors: Clifford Sam , Low‐Choy Samantha , Mazaheri Mandana , Salimi Farhad , Morawska Lidia , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn environmental monitoring, the ability to obtain high‐quality data across space and time is often limited by the cost of purchasing, deploying and maintaining a large collection of equipment, and the employment of personnel to perform these tasks. An ideal design for a monitoring campaign would be dense enough in time to capture short‐range variation at each site, long enough in time to examine trends at each site and across all sites, and dense enough in space to allow modelling of the relationship between the means at each of the sites. This paper outlines a methodology for semiparametric spatiotemporal modelling of data that is dense in time but sparse in space, obtained from a split panel design, the most feasible approach to covering space and time with limited equipment. The data are hourly averaged particle number concentration (PNC) and were collected as part of the International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health's Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children's Health (UPTECH) project. The panel design comprises two weeks of continuous measurements taken at each of a number of government primary schools in the Brisbane Metropolitan Area, with each school visited sequentially. The school data are augmented by data from long‐term monitoring stations at three locations in Brisbane, Australia. The temporal part of the model explains daily and weekly cycles in PNC at the schools. The temporal variation is modelled hierarchically with a penalised random walk term common to all sites and a similar term accounting for the remaining temporal trend at each site. The modelling of temporal trends requires an acknowledgement that the observations are correlated rather than independent. At each school and long‐term monitoring site, peaks in PNC can be attributed to the morning and afternoon rush hour traffic and new particle formation events. The spatial component of the model describes the school‐to‐school variation in mean PNC at each school and within each school ground. The spatial term in the model is derived from a stochastic partial differential equation and approximates a Gaussian process with a Gaussian Markov Random field. Fitting the model helps describe spatial and temporal variability at a subset of the UPTECH schools and the long‐term monitoring sites, which can be used to estimate the exposure of school children to ultrafine particles. Parameter estimates and their uncertainty are computed in a computationally efficient approximate Bayesian inference environment, R‐INLA.
Ammonia Scavenging Prevents Progression of Fibrosis in Experimental Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: De Chiara Francesco , Thomsen Karen Louise , Habtesion Abeba , Jones Helen , Davies Nathan , Gracia‐Sancho Jordi , Manicardi Nicolò , Hall Andrew , Andreola Fausto , Paish Hannah L. , Reed Lee H. , Watson Abigail A. , Leslie Jack , Oakley Fiona , Rombouts Krista , Mookerjee Rajeshwar Prosad , Mann Jelena , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims
In nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fibrosis is the most important factor contributing to NAFLD‐associated morbidity and mortality. Prevention of progression and reduction in fibrosis are the main aims of treatment. Even in early stages of NAFLD, hepatic and systemic hyperammonemia is evident. This is due to reduced urea synthesis; and as ammonia is known to activate hepatic stellate cells, we hypothesized that ammonia may be involved in the progression of fibrosis in NAFLD.

Approach and Results
In a high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet–induced rodent model of NAFLD, we observed a progressive stepwise reduction in the expression and activity of urea cycle enzymes resulting in hyperammonemia, evidence of hepatic stellate cell activation, and progressive fibrosis. In primary, cultured hepatocytes and precision‐cut liver slices we demonstrated increased gene expression of profibrogenic markers after lipid and/or ammonia exposure. Lowering of ammonia with the ammonia scavenger ornithine phenylacetate prevented hepatocyte cell death and significantly reduced the development of fibrosis both in vitro in the liver slices and in vivo in a rodent model. The prevention of fibrosis in the rodent model was associated with restoration of urea cycle enzyme activity and function, reduced hepatic ammonia, and markers of inflammation.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that hepatic steatosis results in hyperammonemia, which is associated with progression of hepatic fibrosis. Reduction of ammonia levels prevented progression of fibrosis, providing a potential treatment for NAFLD.
Single amyloid‐beta injection exacerbates 4‐aminopyridine‐induced seizures and changes synaptic coupling in the hippocampus
Authors: Alcantara‐Gonzalez David , Villasana‐Salazar Benjamín , Peña‐Ortega Fernando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) in temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampus, is related to a variety of Alzheimer's disease symptoms and seems to be involved in the induction of neural network hyperexcitability and even seizures. Still, a direct evaluation of the pro‐epileptogenic effects of Aβ in vivo, and of the underlying mechanisms, is missing. Thus, we tested whether the intracisternal injection of Aβ modulates 4‐aminopyridine (4AP)‐induced epileptiform activity, hippocampal network function, and its synaptic coupling. When tested 3 weeks after its administration, Aβ (but not its vehicle) reduces the latency for 4AP‐induced seizures, increases the number of generalized seizures, exacerbates the time to fully recover from seizures, and favors seizure‐induced death. These pro‐epileptogenic effects of Aβ correlate with a reduction in the power of the spontaneous hippocampal network activity, involving all frequency bands in vivo and only the theta band (4–10 Hz) in vitro. The pro‐epileptogenic effects of Aβ also correlate with a reduction of the Schaffer‐collateral CA1 synaptic coupling in vitro, which is exacerbated by the sequential bath application of 4‐AP and Aβ. In summary, Aβ produces long‐lasting pro‐epileptic effects that can be due to alterations in the hippocampal circuit, impacting its coordinated network activity and its synaptic efficiency. It is likely that normalizing synaptic coupling and/or coordinated neural network activity (i.e., theta activity) may contribute not only to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease but also to avoid hyperexcitation in conditions of amyloidosis.
Interaction of Cu and Ag nanoparticles on MHD water‐based nanofluids past a stretching sheet
Authors: Nayak B. , Mishra S. R. , Tripathy R. S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study explores the MHD flow of water‐based nanofluids past a stretching sheet that melts at a constant rate. Cu and Ag nanoparticles are considered to merge into the base fluid to discuss the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics. Suitable transformation is employed to transform the governing partial differential equations to a system of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A semi‐analytical technique, that is, in particular, the Adomian decomposition method is implemented to tackle this system of ODEs. The influences of characterizing parameters for the flow phenomena are determined via graphs and displayed. Furthermore, the computed values of the quantities of engineering interest are exhibited through tables and discussed. The main findings of the results are laid down as follows: the Cu‐water nanofluid momentum is more pronounced than that of Ag‐water due to the heavier density of the Ag nanoparticles and an increasing melting parameter is favorable to decrease the fluid temperature, which is useful for the cooling of the substances at the final stage of production in industries.
Additive‐dependent iptycene incorporation in polyanilines: Insights into the pentiptycene clipping effect and the polymerization mechanism
Authors: Tan Wei Shyang , Lee Ting‐Yin , Tseng Sheng‐Fang , Hsu Ying‐Feng , Ebina Masanori , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Huang Shing‐Jong , Yang Jye‐Shane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the long history of polyaniline chemistry, backbone‐substituted polyanilines are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of pentiptycene‐incorporated polyanilines through acidic aniline oxidative polymerization with three pentiptycene derivatives, TA, DA, and TP, as nucleate additives. The reactivity of TA > DA ≫ TP, as evidenced by structural and property analysis of the corresponding polyaniline products, demonstrates a radical coupling mechanism and the formation of Dewar π‐complex intermediates for the chain propagation. In addition, the iptycene substituent effect on enhancing the electrochemical stability and charge storage capability of polyaniline are discussed with a clip model, namely, the threading of neighboring polyaniline chains through the U‐ and V‐shaped cavities of pentiptycene restricts lateral motions of the polymer chains and promotes interchain conductivity. Density function theory (DFT) calculations suggest a larger clipping effect for the U versus V cavities. Both the conclusion of a terminal planar p‐phenylenediamine (ppda) group being the key component of an effective nucleate and the concept of interchain clipping for enhanced electrochemical performance should facilitate the design and synthesis of novel polyanilines for electronic applications.
Preparation of a fiberglass‐supported Ni‐Si‐Ti oxide catalyst for oxidation of hydrocarbons: effect of SiO2
Authors: Brichkov Anton S , Shamsutdinova Anastasiya N , Khalipova Olga S , Rogacheva Anastasiya O , Larina Tatyana V , Glazneva Tatyana S , Cherepanova Svetlana V , Paukshtis Evgeny A , Buzaev Alexander A , Kozik Vladmir V , Chen Yu‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreparation of homogeneous oxide coatings on the surface of fiberglass is a difficult task due to hydrophobicity of the fiberglass support. NiO‐TiO2 cannot coat the fiberglass surface homogeneously. In the present study, SiO2 was added in the NiO‐TiO2. A sol–gel method was used to prepare Ni‐Si‐Ti sol and this was used to coat fiberglass and form a complex Ni‐Si‐Ti oxide system supported on its surface. The catalyst was tested for hydrocarbon oxidation reaction.RESULTSThe as‐prepared material is a mixture of TiO2 in the anatase modification and SiO2 in the amorphous phase. UV‐visible diffusion reflectance spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ni2+Oh cations in the film bulk. Introduction of silica to the sample ensured a uniform distribution of the NiTi oxide system on the fiberglass surface and its durable retention there at 600 °C. The Ni‐Si‐Ti mixed oxide supported on fiberglass demonstrated a higher catalytic activity in the oxidation of n‐heptane, compared to NiTi oxide/fiberglass catalyst. It is stable even at 600 °C, the temperature at which the maximum n‐heptane conversion of 93% was reached.CONCLUSIONAdding SiO2 in NiO‐TiO2 can coat fiberglass homogeneously as SiO2 can coat hydrophobic surfaces such as fiberglass. This research provides a method with which to coat metal oxide catalyst on fiberglass that is very active and stable for oxidation of hydrocarbons even at high temparatures, compared to that without adding SiO2. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Fouling resistant sericin‐coated polymeric microfiltration membrane
Authors: Verma Vishal Kumar , Subbiah Senthilmurugan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGreywater and produced water are undoubtedly valuable resources for reclaimed water, which can lessen the burden on use of freshwater. However, most often the membrane technology used for treatment of greywater and produced water suffers massively from fouling‐related issues. In the present study, a novel and facile method is successfully developed for modification of polypropylene (PP) microfiltration (MF) membrane via surface coating with sericin for imparting better antifouling properties.RESULTThe membrane hydrophilicity significantly improved after sericin coating and exhibited high water content (64.87%) and low water contact angle (38°). In a comparative study with synthetic greywater, the sericin‐coated membrane removed <90% turbidity and produced a greater volume of purified water with 15% less fouling compared to the uncoated membrane. The fouling experiment concludes that the sericin‐coated membrane can reduce reversible and irreversible fouling by ≈30% and ≈83.00%, respectively, relative to the uncoated membrane using pure water backwash operation. In the second case, the sericin‐coated membrane was able to provide consistent permeate quality with produced water: chemical oxygen demand <43 ppm, biological oxygen demand <6.8 ppm, suspended solids completely removed, total dissolved solids <112 ppm, turbidity <5 NTU and oil content <0.044 ppm, together with 10.5% less fouling than uncoated membrane.CONCLUSIONThis study reveals that sericin coating enhanced membrane hydrophilicity and hence exhibited better antifouling properties. The sericin‐coated MF membrane effectively treated greywater as well as produced water with less fouling and within limits of national standards for reusability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of service refinement and its impact on repeat HIV testing by client's access to Australia's universal healthcare system: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ryan Kathleen E , Wilkinson Anna L , Asselin Jason , Leitinger David P , Locke Peter , Pedrana Alisa , Hellard Margaret , Stoové Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAchieving the virtual elimination of HIV requires equitable access to HIV prevention tools for all priority populations. Restricted access to healthcare means migrants face particular barriers to HIV prevention services. In February 2016, a peer‐led rapid HIV testing service for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gay and bisexual men, GBM) in Melbourne, Australia, introduced free sexually transmissible infection (STI) testing funded through Medicare (Australia's universal healthcare system). Medicare ineligible migrant clients were required to pay up to $158AUD for STI tests. We determined the uptake of STI testing and assessed the impact on repeat HIV testing among Medicare eligible and ineligible clients.MethodsAll HIV tests conducted between August 2014 and March 2018 were included. We describe client characteristics, STI testing uptake and HIV/STI positivity among Medicare eligible and ineligible clients. Repeat HIV testing, assessed as the percentage of HIV tests with a return test within six months, was compared pre‐integration (August 2014‐June 2016) and post‐integration(July 2016‐March 2018) of STI testing using segmented linear regression of monthly aggregate data for Medicare eligible and ineligible clients.ResultsAnalyses included 9134 HIV tests among 4753 individuals. Medicare ineligible clients were younger (p < 0.01), and fewer reported previously testing for HIV (p < 0.01) and high HIV risk sexual behaviours. There was no difference in HIV positivity between the two groups (p = 0.09). STI testing uptake was significantly lower among Medicare ineligible clients (7.6%, 85.3%; p < 0.01). Following STI testing introduction there was an immediate increase in six‐month return HIV testing (6.4%; p = 0.02) and a significantly increasing rate of return HIV testing between July 2016 and March 2018 (0.5% per month; p < 0.01) among Medicare eligible clients but no immediate change in return testing (−0.9%; p = 0.7) or the rate of change in return testing between July 2016 and March 2018 (0.1% per month; p = 0.3) among Medicare ineligible clients. In March 2018, six‐month return HIV testing was 52.3% and 13.2% among Medicare eligible and ineligible clients respectively.DiscussionImprovements in return HIV testing observed among Medicare eligible clients did not extend to Medicare ineligible clients highlighting the impact of inequitable access to comprehensive sexual healthcare on test‐and‐treat approaches to HIV prevention.