bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Area Probability Forecasts of (Extreme) Local Precipitation Using Parametric and Machine Learning Statistical Postprocessing Methods
Authors: Whan Kirien , Schmeits Maurice 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProbabilistic forecasts, which communicate forecast uncertainties, enable users to make better weather-based decisions. Using precipitation and numerous instability indices from the deterministic model HARMONIE–AROME (HA; a nonhydrostatic numerical weather prediction model) as potential predictors, we generate summer areal probabilistic maximum hourly precipitation forecasts across 11 regions of the Netherlands. We compare the skill of three statistical postprocessing methods: an extended logistic regression (ELR), a zero-adjusted gamma distribution (ZAGA), and a machine learning-based method, quantile regression forests (QRF). Forecast skill for low and moderate precipitation thresholds increases with the inclusion of extra predictors, in addition to HA precipitation. HA precipitation is the most important predictor at all lead times in ELR and QRF, while in ZAGA, the most important predictor for the location parameter shifts over lead times from HA precipitation to indices of atmospheric instability. All three methods improve upon a climatological forecast for low and moderate precipitation thresholds. ZAGA and QRF are generally the most skillful methods at moderate thresholds. QRF tends to be the most skillful method at higher thresholds, particularly during the afternoon period. Forecasts are reliable at low and moderate thresholds but tend to be overconfident at higher thresholds. QRF and ZAGA have more potential economic value than the deterministic forecast, with value remaining at high thresholds. A maximum local hourly precipitation threshold of 30 mm h−1 (a criterion in the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute’s code yellow warning for severe thunderstorms) is skillfully forecast by QRF in the afternoon period at short lead times.
Application of spectral CT imaging in evaluating lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancers: initial findings
Authors: Zhou Zhuping , Liu Yu , Meng Kui , Guan Wenxian , He Jian , Liu Song , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: July 2018

Background Traditional computed tomography (CT) can predict the lymph node metastasis of gastric cancers with moderate accuracy; however, investigation of spectral CT imaging in this field is still limited. Purpose To explore the application of spectral CT imaging in evaluating lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancers. Material and Methods Twenty-four patients with gastric cancers prospectively underwent spectral CT imaging in the arterial phase. The short and long diameters, material concentrations, and CT values were measured and compared between lymph nodes with and without metastasis. The diagnostic performance of the CT index in identifying metastatic lymph nodes was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results A total of 102 lymph nodes (77 metastatic, 25 non-metastatic) were detected on spectral CT imaging with the reference of postoperative pathologic exanimation. The short and long diameters, water/fat concentrations, CT value, and ratio between lymph nodes vs. tumors of metastatic lymph nodes were significantly higher than those of non-metastatic ones (all P < 0.05). With a cut-off of 0.785, the CT ratio of lymph node/tumor on 70-keV monochromatic images yielded an accuracy of 81.4% in differentiating lymph nodes with and without metastasis. Conclusion Spectral CT imaging detects lymph nodes more clearly, and the CT ratio of lymph node/tumor on 70-keV monochromatic images holds great potential in differentiating lymph nodes with and without metastasis, which is more accurate than size measurement.
Development of an automated liver perfusion system: The benefit of a hemofilter
Authors: Gullón Lucía , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Judit , Sánchez del Arco Robert T , Rivera Andrés , Fernández Ignacio , Del Cañizo Juan F 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Liver perfusion machines are close to becoming a reality in the transplantation field. However, depending on the techniques used and the goals pursued, their application is limited in the research field. Here, we present the entire development of a perfusion system with self-made engineering, completely autonomous controls, and a high degree of versatility that allows the design of different studies on liver functionality. Methods: A user-friendly interface permits real-time monitoring and remote control by the devices within the circuit. Centrifugal pumps allow the perfusate enter the organ with controlled pressures and flows at both hepatic artery and portal vein. The implementation of a hemofilter as a novel tool permits to control and maintain homeostasis. Peristaltic pumps adjust pH, extraction rate, and total volume by means of sensors. Results: Real-time monitoring facilitates liver functionality assessment. The controlled system shows rapid stabilization and quick responses to changes during 6 h of perfusion experiments. Furthermore, the integration of a hemofilter helps the system to eliminate toxic waste and maintain homeostasis. Discussion: The machine provides the basis of a perfusion system with autonomous controls and the implementation of a hemofilter that enables a more efficient control of hemostasis. Moreover, the developed hardware and software are subjected to further tuning for additional purposes such as pathophysiologic studies, suboptimal grafts recovery, or recellularization of decellularized scaffolds among others.
An Analysis of Recruitment Efficiency for an End-of-Life Advance Care Planning Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stewart Renee R. , Dimmock Anne E.F. , Green Michael J. , Van Scoy Lauren J. , Schubart Jane R. , Yang Chengwu , Farace Elana , Bascom Rebecca , Levi Benjamin H. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Optimizing recruitment efficiency is an important strategy to address the resource limitations that typically constrain clinical research. Surprisingly, little empiric data exist to guide research teams attempting to recruit a difficult population into similar studies. Our objective was to investigate factors associated with enrollment into an advance care planning interventional trial. Methods: This study used secondary data of patients with advanced cancer receiving treatment at an academic medical center in central Pennsylvania who were referred to a randomized controlled trial of an advance care planning intervention. Enrolled participants were compared to nonparticipants with regard to age, gender, race, season of recruitment, elapsed time between recruitment stage, distance to study site, and number of recruitment calls. Results: Of the 1988 patients referred, 200 participants were enrolled yielding a recruitment efficiency of 10%. Two-thirds of all enrolled participants were recruited with 1 or less phone calls, whereas only 5% were enrolled after 3 calls. There were no statistically significant differences in enrollment based on gender ( P = .88) or elapsed time between recruitment contacts ( P = .22). However, nonparticipants were slightly older ( P = .02). Conclusions: Our finding that individuals were more likely to enroll within the first 3 phone calls suggests that recruitment efforts should be focused on making initial contacts with potential participants, rather than continuing attempts to those who are unable to be contacted easily. Researchers could optimize their recruitment strategy by periodically performing similar analyses, comparing differences between participants and nonparticipants.
Twelve autologous blood transfusions in eight cats with haemoperitoneum
Authors: Cole Laura P , Humm Karen 
Published: July 2018

Objectives The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical use and outcome of autologous transfusions in cats with intracavitary haemorrhage. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was performed. Computerised medical records of a single referral centre were searched for cats receiving an autotransfusion. Medical records were evaluated for underlying disease process, autotransfusion technique, autotransfusion volume, time period over which the autotransfusion was given, packed cell volume (PCV) pre- and post-autotransfusion, percentage rise in PCV, use of other blood products and any complications of the procedure. Survival to discharge and survival at 2 months was documented. Results Between July 2012 and March 2018 a total of 12 autotransfusions were performed in eight cats. All patients were diagnosed with haemoperitoneum. Four of the eight cats were diagnosed with abdominal neoplasia, three had postoperative haemorrhage and one had a traumatic haemoperitoneum. Three cats received more than one autotransfusion. Blood was collected using a 23 G butterfly catheter and 20 ml syringe in 7/12 collections, a 23 G needle and 20 ml syringe in 2/12 collections and directly into syringes from the open abdomen at the time of surgery in 3/12 collections. A median volume of 50 ml (range 25–80 ml) was collected and administered, meaning a median volume of 16.5 ml/kg (range 9–26 ml/kg) was administered. The autologous transfusions were given over a median of 3 h (0.25–6 h). Five cats were given another blood product alongside the autotransfusion. Median percentage PCV increase was 5% (range 1–7%). Anticoagulant was used in 5/12 autotransfusions. No clinically relevant adverse effects were reported. Six of the eight cats survived to discharge. Two month survival was 60% (3/5). Conclusions and relevance Autologous transfusion appears to be a safe and effective technique for stabilising cats with haemoperitoneum. This technique allows rapid and cheap provision of blood and avoids the need for an allogenic blood donor.
Establishment of the reference interval for serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in healthy adults of Chinese Han ethnicity
Authors: Zhao Bing , Zhang Miaomiao , Lin Feng , Xie Jing , Liang Yan , Yang Zaixing 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to establish the reference interval for serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) in healthy Chinese Han ethnic adults. Methods: After screening, 9932 healthy Chinese Han adults (age range 18–95 years) were enrolled in this study, including 6220 men and 3712 women. Serum proGRP levels were measured by ECLIA. The reference interval was defined by non-parametric 95th percentile interval. Results: Serum proGRP levels conformed to a non-Gussian distribution. The reference interval for healthy Chinese Han adults calculated by the non-parametric method was 0–73.90 ng/mL in this study. Since serum proGRP levels were significantly correlated with age (r=0.226, P<0.001), the participants were divided into six age groups: 18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ⩾80 years. No significant difference for serum proGRP levels was found between the sexes at each of six age groups. The reference intervals were gradually increased with age (65.35 ng/mL, 68.65 ng/mL, 74.10 ng/mL, 77.65 ng/mL, 84.57 ng/mL, and 98.03 ng/mL in 18–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and ⩾80 years, respectively). Conclusions: We established the reference interval for serum proGRP, which was determined by ECLIA in the healthy Chinese Han population. Furthermore, our study suggests that it is necessary to establish the age-specific reference intervals for serum proGRP.
Maternal Cerebrospinal Fluid Glutamate in Response to Variable Foraging Demand: Relationship to Cerebrospinal Fluid Serotonin Metabolites in Grown Offspring
Authors: Coplan Jeremy D. , Gupta Nishant K. , Flynn Sarah K. , Reiner Wade J. , Gaita David , Fulton Sasha L. , Rozenboym Anna V. , Tang Jean E. , Cooper Thomas B. , Mann J. John 
Published: July 2018

Background Maternal response to allostatic overload during infant rearing may alter neurobiological measures in grown offspring, potentially increasing susceptibility to mood and anxiety disorders. We examined maternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate response during exposure to variable foraging demand (VFD), a bonnet macaque model of allostatic overload, testing whether activation relative to baseline predicted concomitant CSF elevations of the stress neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing factor. We investigated whether VFD-induced activation of maternal CSF glutamate affects maternal–infant attachment patterns and offspring CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations. Methods Mother–infant dyads were exposed to the “VFD stressor,” a paradigm in which mothers experience 16 weeks of foraging uncertainty while rearing their infant offspring. Through staggering the infant age of VFD onset, both a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal design were used. Maternal CSF glutamate and glutamine concentrations post-VFD exposure were cross-sectionally compared to maternal VFD naive controls. Proportional change in concentrations of maternal glutamate (and glutamine), a longitudinal measure, was evaluated in relation to VFD-induced elevations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor. The former measure was related to maternal–infant proximity scores obtained during the final phases of VFD exposure. Maternal glutamatergic response to VFD exposure was used as a predictor variable for young adolescent offspring CSF metabolites of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Results Following VFD exposure, maternal CSF glutamate concentrations correlated positively with maternal CSF CRF concentrations. Activation relative to baseline of maternal CSF glutamate concentrations following VFD exposure correlated directly with a) increased maternal-infant proximity during the final phases of VFD and b) offspring CSF concentrations of monoamine metabolites including 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, which was elevated relative to controls. Conclusions Activation of maternal CSF glutamate in response to VFD-induced allostasis is directly associated with elevations of maternal CSF corticotropin-releasing factor. Maternal CSF glutamate alterations induced by VFD potentially compromise serotonin neurotransmission in grown offspring, conceivably modeling human vulnerability to treatment-resistant mood and anxiety disorders.
Comparing the effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy: a case study on Armenian manuscripts
Authors: Maybury Ian J. , Howell David , Terras Melissa , Viles Heather 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
There is great practical and scholarly interest in the identification of pigments in works of art. This paper compares the effectiveness of the widely used Raman Spectroscopy (RS), with hyperspectral imaging (HSI), a reflectance imaging technique, to evaluate the reliability of HSI for the identification of pigments in historic works of art and to ascertain if there are any benefits from using HSI or a combination of both. We undertook a case study based on six Armenian illuminated manuscripts (eleventh–eighteenth centuries CE) in the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. RS, and HSI (380–1000 nm) were both used to analyse the same 10 folios, with the data then used to test the accuracy and efficiency of HSI against the known results from RS using reflectance spectra reference databases compiled by us for the project. HSI over the wavelength range 380–1000 nm agreed with RS at best 93% of the time, and performance was enhanced using the SFF algorithm and by using a database with many similarities to the articles under analysis. HSI is significantly quicker at scanning large areas, and can be used alongside RS to identify and map large areas of pigment more efficiently than RS alone. HSI therefore has potential for improving the speed of pigment identification across manuscript folios and artwork but must be used in conjunction with a technique such as RS.
Hidden features: exploring the non-canonical functions of metabolic enzymes
Authors: Huangyang Peiwei , Simon M. Celeste 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe study of cellular metabolism has been rigorously revisited over the past decade, especially in the field of cancer research, revealing new insights that expand our understanding of malignancy. Among these insights is the discovery that various metabolic enzymes have surprising activities outside of their established metabolic roles, including in the regulation of gene expression, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Many of these newly identified functions are activated in response to growth factor signaling, nutrient and oxygen availability, and external stress. As such, multifaceted enzymes directly link metabolism to gene transcription and diverse physiological and pathological processes to maintain cell homeostasis. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of non-canonical functions of multifaceted metabolic enzymes in disease settings, especially cancer, and discuss specific circumstances in which they are employed. We also highlight the important role of subcellular localization in activating these novel functions. Understanding their non-canonical properties should enhance the development of new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
The Mountaineering and Wilderness Rhetorics of Washington Woman Suffragists
Authors: Lewis Tiffany 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In 1909, a group of mountaineers climbed Mount Rainier during the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition and placed a “Votes for Women” pennant at the mountain summit. I argue that their ascent of Mount Rainier exploited meanings of mountaineering and the wilderness for woman suffrage: mountaineering as a symbol of imperial power, the mountain wilderness as the new mythic frontier, and walking in the western wilderness as an enactment of freedom. The imperialist meaning of mountaineering constituted woman suffragists as powerful, victorious, and capable of winning their upcoming suffrage campaign. Climbing the new frontier demonstrated that the women were physically strong enough to participate in turn-of-the-century politics and invoked the meritocratic logic of the frontier myth that suggested these women had earned their right to vote through their labor on the mountain. Walking in the western wilderness performed the climbers’ freedom to walk, think, and vote for themselves and to resist society’s gendered restrictions. Their climb invoked the ideologies of imperialism, the frontier myth, and freedom to appeal to the citizens of the Pacific Northwest for voting rights and to gain more publicity for their cause, yet it simultaneously had a rhetorical impact on the climbers themselves. By appropriating the rhetorics of mountaineering and the wilderness, they motivated and increased the morale of suffragists in the midst of a struggling movement and positioned their male companions as suffrage advocates.
Macroprolactinoma causing VI, X, XII cranial nerve palsies nearly 30 years after initial treatment
Authors: de Bray Anne , Hassan-Smith Zaki K , Dirie Jamal , Littleton Edward , Chavda Swarupsinh , Ayuk John , Sanghera Paul , Karavitaki Niki 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA 48-year-old man was diagnosed with a large macroprolactinoma in 1982 treated with surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and bromocriptine. Normal prolactin was achieved in 2005 but in 2009 it started rising. Pituitary MRIs in 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2015 were reported as showing empty pituitary fossa. Prolactin continued to increase (despite increasing bromocriptine dose). Trialling cabergoline had no effect (prolactin 191,380 mU/L). In January 2016, he presented with right facial weakness and CT head was reported as showing no acute intracranial abnormality. In late 2016, he was referred to ENT with hoarse voice; left hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies were found. At this point, prolactin was 534,176 mU/L. Just before further endocrine review, he had a fall and CT head showed a basal skull mass invading the left petrous temporal bone. Pituitary MRI revealed a large enhancing mass within the sella infiltrating the clivus, extending into the left petrous apex and occipital condyle with involvement of the left Meckel’s cave, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal. At that time, left abducens nerve palsy was also present. CT thorax/abdomen/pelvis excluded malignancy. Review of previous images suggested that this lesion had started becoming evident below the fossa in pituitary MRI of 2015. Temozolomide was initiated. After eight cycles, there is significant tumour reduction with prolactin 1565 mU/L and cranial nerve deficits have remained stable. Prolactinomas can manifest aggressive behaviour even decades after initial treatment highlighting the unpredictable clinical course they can demonstrate and the need for careful imaging review.Learning points:Aggressive behaviour of prolactinomas can manifest even decades after first treatment highlighting the unpredictable clinical course these tumours can demonstrate.Escape from control of hyperprolactinaemia in the absence of sellar adenomatous tissue requires careful and systematic search for the anatomical localisation of the lesion responsible for the prolactin excess.Temozolomide is a valuable agent in the therapeutic armamentarium for aggressive/invasive prolactinomas, particularly if they are not amenable to other treatment modalities.
TÜRKİYE BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE YOĞUNLAŞMA İLE FİNANSAL KIRILGANLIK İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: KUZU Serdar 
Published: July 2018

Bankacılık
sektörünün faaliyet yürüttüğü alanlarda, olayların dinamikliği ve karmaşıklığı
belirsizliğin derecesini gün geçtikçe arttırmaya devam etmektedir. Dünyada küresel ticaretin giderek yaygınlaşması, döviz
kurlarındaki ani volatilite hareketleri, yaşanan krizler, değişen piyasa
koşulları, yeni yasal düzenlemelerle birlikte ve faiz oranlarındaki
dalgalanmalar bankaların sermaye yapılarını ve faaliyet nakit akışlarını
etkileyebildiği için bir çok banka finansal kırılganlığa daha çok maruz
kalabilmektedir. Bankacılık
sektöründe, banka performansının arttırılması, stratejik fırsatların
değerlendirilmesi ve bankacılık faaliyetlerinin rekabet ortamında doğru bir
şekilde tespit edilmesine engel teşkil edilecek durumların ortaya çıkarılması
ya da olası tehlikelerin gerçekleşmeden önce rekabet ve finansal kırılganlık
arasında ki ilişkinin ortaya konması önem taşımaktadır. Yaşanan bu gelişmeler
ışığında bankacılık sektöründe rekabet düzeyi ile finansal kırılganlıklar
arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması ilgili çalışmaların önemini günden güne
arttırmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada Türk
bankacılık sektöründe ve yoğunlaşmanın finansal kırılganlık üzerindeki etkisi
ve finansal kırılganlığa yol açabilecek etmenlerin ilişki derecesinin ortaya
konması amaçlanmaktadır. Literatür çalışmaların çoğunda bu ilişki
rekabet-istikrar ve kırılganlık ilişkisi çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Veri setinde bankacılık sektörüne ait 1996-2015
yıllarına ait Türk bankacılık sektöründe önemli paya sahip 12 bankaya ait
veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu açıdan Auqmented Dickey-Fuller Test denklemi,
Breusch- Godfrey Seri Korelasyon Lagrange çarpanı testi, Granger Nedensellik
analizinden ve En küçük kareler testi istatistiki yöntemlerden
faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bankacılık sektörü yoğunlaşma ile finansal
kırılganlık arasında karşılıklı bir etkileşimin varlığı gözlemlenmiştir.