bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O mito da democracia racial, racismo e futebol: um debate sociológico
Authors: De Almeida Maureci Moreira , Freire Rodrigues Francisco Xavier 
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo aborda a questão do mito da democracia racial no futebol, visto que a história deste último, como outras expressões da cultura brasileira, também foi e continua sendo marcado pela pecha do racismo. E foi no futebol que o mito da democracia racial adquiriu mais presença, sobretudo nos discursos jornalísticos e nas crônicas esportivas. E estas últimas têm como referência os escritos do jornalista e escritor Mário Rodrigues Filho, cuja obra até os dias de hoje é lembrada e citada em artigos, teses ou programas esportivos veiculados na televisão. Em nossas argumentações nos utilizaremos também do debate ocorrido entres os sociólogos Antonio Jorge Soares, Ronaldo Helal e o antropólogo César Gordon Jr., em que discutem a problemática racial no futebol tendo como referência a obra de Mario Filho. Ao final do artigo trazemos algumas considerações sobre o racimo à brasileira.Palavras-Chave: Mito da Democracia Racial; Futebol; Mario Filho; Racismo.
De las “razas” al biologicismo. La norma-ideal biologicista en Argentina
Authors: Zeballos Juan Manuel 
Published: June 2019

Este artículo es un desprendimiento de una investigación mayor y en proceso, realizada para la Tesis de Doctorado en Antropología Social la cual tiene por temáticas tanto al biologicismo como a la “eugenesia” de las relaciones sociales de producción. En el presente de una parte, se propone el reemplazo del término racismo por el de biologicismo. Y de la otra, se estudia una modalidad de biologicismo la cual se concreta en lo denominado norma-ideal biologicista. Finalmente, también se expresa las vinculaciones que la norma-ideal biologicista instaura, con factores tales como belleza y salud exterior, como con los que connotan clases sociales encumbradas. Además del desarrollo teórico para atender al primero de los objetivos, se tendrá por objeto de estudio a diversas publicidades para cumplir con los otros dos. Es decir, a partir del análisis de las publicidades se corrobora la existencia de una norma-ideal biologicista. Palavras Claves: “Razas”; Biologicismo; Norma-ideal biologicista.
Os conflitos como momento de ruptura da hegemonia: Contribuições à sociologia e à educação ambiental a partir de Henri Lefebvre
Authors: Machado Carlos Roberto da Silva , Moraes Bruno Emilio 
Published: June 2019

O trabalho desenvolve a hipótese de que os conflitos sociais, políticos e ambientais possibilitam um momento de ruptura tendo como apoio de sustentação à reflexão as pesquisas sobre as lutas socioambientais que mapeamos no extremo sul do Brasil e leste do Uruguai desde 2011 e dados da desigualdade na apropriação da renda na região. Disso afirmaria a tese de que aqueles que vivem e se beneficiam do status quo e do sistema capitalista desenvolvem ações e políticas (em tempos de ditadura de mercado), ou ainda, quando predomina a coerção (através de estados de exceção ou ditaduras civis-militares) tem como pressuposto – explícitos ou não – a ideia de que seu ponto de vista (de militares, empresários, jornalistas liberais e seus funcionários) é o verdadeiro e correto, o normal e o natural no pensar e no viver, e portanto, os conflitos são uma ameaça. Mas, tal discurso entra em contradição com as relações sociais quando diferentes grupos, classes, coletivos entram com confronto, pugna, conflito já que isso seria um indicador (diz Acselrad, 2004) da desigual apropriação, uso e significação da riqueza, das terras/territórios e/ou com as diretivas/ações e políticas dos/nos “espaços de poder” em favor de um dos lados antes homogêneo, agora diverso e em luta. Na primeira parte apresentamos as referencias teóricas sustentadoras da reflexão (da tese) a partir de Henri Lefebvre, Pierre Bourdieu, dentre outros; depois a partir de 3 (três) exemplos apresentamos e discutimos a narrativa sobre a educação na ditadura militar (a moral e cívica); depois, de entusiastas do mercado, sejam empresários, intelectuais, e outros; por fim, uma reflexão mais de fundo sobre a mídia e a produção do consenso em conluio com o Estado e os empresários (as elites). Finalmente, dados empíricos de nossas pesquisas no trabalho do observatório dos conflitos visando fundamentar a hipótese que deu origem a tese referida. Esperamos contribuir com as reflexões à produção de “outra” sociologia e a “outra” educação/educação ambiental.
Sports betting incentives encourage gamblers to select the long odds: An experimental investigation using monetary rewards
Authors: Rockloff Matthew J. , Browne Matthew , Russell Alex M. T. , Hing Nerilee , Greer Nancy 
Published: June 2019

Background and aimsIncentives for wagering products can provide extra value to gamblers. However, there is no financial reason why this added value should lead people to take greater gambling risks. This study aimed to experimentally test if wagering incentives cause gamblers to choose higher-risk (long odds) bets than un-incentivized bets.MethodsAn online experiment was conducted with wagering customers (N = 299, female = 12). Participants bet $4 on each of six video game simulations of a sport that they had wagered on in the past 12 months (Australian Football League, Cricket, or Soccer). Each game offered different common wagering incentives: Bonus bet, Better odds/winnings, Reduced risk, Cash rebate, Player’s choice of inducement, or No-inducement. For each game, participants could bet on long, medium, or short odds, and subsequently viewed a highlight reel of the simulated game outcome and bet outcome.ResultsParticipants selected significantly longer odds (i.e., riskier) bets on games when an incentive was offered compared to the No-inducement condition. Better odds/winnings was the most attractive incentive, followed by Bonus bet, Cash rebate, Reduced risk, and No-incentive, respectively. No significant differences were observed based on demographics or problem gambling severity.Discussion and conclusionsThe choice of long odds with incentivized bets increases the volatility of player returns. Increased volatility results in more gamblers in a losing position and fewer gamblers with larger wins. Moreover, if long odds bets are priced to provide poorer value to bettors compared to short odds, they would increase gamblers’ losses and equivalently increase operators’ profits.
Simulation of DC Characteristics of Nano-Scale Hydrogen-Terminated Diamond MISFETs
Authors: Zhou Xi , Williams Frances , Albin Sacharia 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAn improved 2D device model is generated to simulate the DC properties of hydrogen- terminated diamond MISFETs by taking into account the effect of electric field on hole mobility. At high lateral field, the mobility degrades due to velocity saturation and at high transverse field, the mobility decreases because of strong surface phonon scattering. As either field increases to a certain level (∼ 1MV/cm), the mobility becomes independent of doping concentration and the maximum transverse field appears at the boundary between surface acceptor region and bulk. The threshold voltage is found to be a strong function of gate length and can change from negative to positive, which will change the operation mode of the device. In addition, the simulation also shows that the transconductance reaches a maximum value at 80nm gate length but decreases after further shrinkage, which might be also related to the velocity saturation effect induced by large lateral field.
Nanostructured Amorphous Silicon on Metal Electrodes: Electrical and Optical Properties
Authors: Hernandez George A. , Martinez Daniel , Patenaude Stephen , Hamilton Michael C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe present two distinct methods to nanostructure the surface of amorphous silicon to produce unique, nanoscale surface features. One method is a dry etch process that employs a modified Bosch1 process on an advanced silicon etcher to produce needle-like features of amorphous silicon. Likewise, we also investigated metal-assisted wet chemical etching2 as an alternative method to nanostructure the amorphous silicon to produce porous-like features. The resulting surface topography leads to an optically black appearance over patterned or large areas. This is a result of the interspacing between each needle and pore that leads to a high optical absorption. Thus, we designate it as black amorphous silicon (b-a-Si). We have deposited and formed regions of b-a-Si on variety of insulating films and metal electrodes, including chrome and titanium. In this study, we characterize the electrical and optical properties of as-deposited amorphous silicon and nanostructured amorphous silicon.
Improving yields in bridging silicon nanowires with rational control of the bridge characteristics
Authors: Oh Jin Yong , Islam M. Saif 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe present a practical technique for fabricating silicon nanowire bridges on pre-patterned Si electrodes arrays. Silicon nanowires, catalyzed by gold nanoparticles, were grown on silicon electrodes from HF treated Au colloid as well as on electrodes treated with poly-L-lysine. Negligible growth was observed on untreated substrates due to poor adhesion of gold nanoparticles to the hydrogen terminated Si surface. In contrast, the treatments significantly increased occurrence of silicon nanowire bridges, which can be attributed to improved deposition of gold nanoparticles on the surface. Deposition time and concentrations of colloids also affected the occurrence of SiNW bridges. These results indicate that our techniqute for fabricating nanowire bridge arrays will be useful for large-area nanowire applications.
Thermal Stability of Ion Implanted, Laser Annealed Films
Authors: Wilson S. R. , Paulson W. M. , Tam G. , Gregory R. B. , White C. W. , Appleton B. R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTElectrical measurements and Rutherford backscattering have been used to evaluate the thermal stability of single crystal and polycrystalline Si films that were ion implanted and laser annealed. The films were implanted with 75As or 31p and annealed with either a pulsed ruby, a pulsed Nd:YAG or a CW­Ar+ laser. The samples were then thermally annealed at temperatures between 450 and 900°C. The single crystal samples implanted with arsenic below 1 × 10-15 cm−2 were thermally stable. For higher doses the electrical concentration reaches a minimum at 800°C. The same trends are observed in the polysilicon films for sufficiently high doping levels. RBS shows that As is precipitating at 700°C in single crystal material and has begun to go back into solution at 900°C for concentrations of ∼7 × 1020 cm−3. Similar trends are observed for 31P implanted samples.
Progress in the development of segmented thermoelectric unicouples at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Authors: Caillat T. , Fleurial J.-P. , Snyder G. J. , Borshchevsky A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA new version of a segmented thermoelectric unicouple incorporating advanced thermoelectric materials with superior thermoelectric figures of merit has been recently proposed and is currently under development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). This advanced segmented thermoelectric unicouple includes a combination of state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials based on Bi2Te3 and novel materials developed at JPL. The segmented unicouple currently being developed is expected to operate between 300 and about 975K with a projected thermal to electrical efficiency of up to 15%. The segmentation can be adjusted to accommodate various hot-side temperatures depending on the specific application envisioned. Techniques and materials have been developed to bond the different thermoelectric segments together for the nand p-legs and low contact resistance bonds have been achieved. In order to experimentally determine the thermal to electrical efficiency of the unicouple, metallic interconnects must be developed for the hot side of the thermocouple to connect the n- and p-legs electrically. The latest results in the development of these interconnects are described in this paper. Efforts are also focusing on the fabrication of a unicouple specifically designed for thermal and electrical testing.
Framework Stoichiometry and Electrical Conductivity of Si-Ge Based Structure-I Clathrates
Authors: Ramachandran Ganesh K. , McMillan Paul F. , Dong Jianjun , Gryko Jan , Sankey Otto F. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe report the synthesis and structural characterization of two Structure I clathrates in the KSi and Rb-Si systems. The alkali-Si clathrates are fully stoichiometric at the framework sites, i.e., devoid of framework vacancies. This is in sharp contrast to the analogous K-Ge, Rb-Ge and Rb-Sn, Cs-Sn systems, where vacancies are formed at one-third of the crystallographic 6c tetrahedral sites. This is rationalized in terms of Zintl-Klemm rules to remove the tetrahedral atom of its hypervalency. The contrasting behavior is understood in terms of weaker Tt-Tt (Tt – tetrelide, Si, Ge, Sn) bonding as one descends the periodic table, and results in poorly metallic conductivities for vacancy-free K7Si46 and Rb6Si46, but semiconducting behavior of K8Ge44. The observation suggests tuning of the electronic properties of Tt clathrates by substitution of (Si,Ge,Sn) on framework sites, for thermoelectric applications. We describe preliminary results designed to synthesize “mixed” Si-Ge clathrate structures. Thermal decomposition of K2SiGe results in formation of a Structure I clathrate with mixing of Si and Ge on framework sites. The lattice constant ao = 10.523(6) Å, is intermediate between those of K8Si46 and K8Ge44.
Thermoelectric Properties of PbSr(Se,Te)-Based Low Dimensional Structures
Authors: Beyer Harald , Nurnus Joachim , Böttner Harald , Lambrecht Armin , Schmitt Lothar , Völklein Friedemann 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThermoelectric properties of low dimensional structures based on PbTe/PbSrTe-multiple quantum-well (MQW)-structures with regard to the structural dimensions, doping profiles and levels are presented. Interband transition energies and barrier band-gap are determined from IR-transmission spectra and compared with Kronig-Penney calculations. The influence of the data evaluation method to obtain the 2D power factor will be discussed. The thermoelectrical data of our layers show a more modest enhancement in the power factor σS2 compared with former publications and are in good agreement with calculated data from Broido et al. [5]. The maximum allowed doping level for modulation doped MQW structures is determined. Thermal conductivity measurements show that a ZT enhancement can be achieved by reducing the thermal conductivity due to interface scattering. Additionally promising lead chalcogenide based superlattices for an increased 3D figure of merit are presented.
Thermoelectric Figure of Merit, ZT, of Single Crystal Pentatellurides (MTe5-XSex: M = Hf, Zr and x = 0, 0.25)
Authors: Littleton R. T. , Tritt Terry M. , Zawilski B. , Kolis J. W. , Ketchum D. R. , Brooks Derrick M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT = α2σT/λ, has been measured for pentatelluride single crystals of HfTe5, ZrTe5, as well as Se substituted pentatellurides. The parent materials, HfTe5 and ZrTe5, exhibit relatively large p- and n- type thermopower, |a| > 125 μV/K, and low resistivity, ρ ≤ 1 mΩ•cm. These values lead to a large power factor (α2σT) which is substantially increased with proper Se substitution on the Te sites. The thermal conductivity of these needle-like crystals has also been measured as a function of temperature from 10 K ≤ T ≤ 300 K. The room temperature figure of merit for these materials varies from ZT “0.1 for the parent materials to ZT ≈ 0.25 for Se substituted samples. These results as well as experimental procedures will be presented and discussed.
Investigations Of Solid Solutions Of CsBi4Te6
Authors: Chung Duck-Young , Hogan Tim P. , Ghelani Nishant , Brazis Paul W. , Lane Melissa A. , Kannewurf Carl R. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTResults on the synthesis and characterization of the solid solutions CsBi4-xSbxTe6, CsBi4Te6-ySey, as well as doping experiments on CsBi4Te6 are reported. We report X-ray structural investigations showing that the Sb or Se atoms in these compounds are not uniformly distributed in the lattice but show preferential occupation of specific crystallographic sites. Thermoelectric properties of selected systems are presented.
Investigation of the thermal conductivity of the pentatellurides (Hf1-XZrXTe5) using the parallel thermal conductance technique.
Authors: Zawilski B. M. , Littleton R. T. , Tritt Terry M. , Ketchum D. R. , Kolis J. W. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe pentatelluride materials (Hf1-XZrXTe5) have recently garnered much interest as a potential low temperature thermoelectric material. Their power factor exceeds that of the current Bi2Te3 materials over the temperature range 150 K < T < 350 K. A formidable challenge has been the capability of measuring the thermal conductivity of small needle-like samples (2.0 × 0.05 × 0.1 mm3) such as pentatellurides (HfXZr1-XTe5) due to heat loss and radiation effects. However in order to fully evaluate any material for potential thermoelectric use, the determination of the thermal conductivity of the material is necessary. We have recently developed a new technique called the parallel thermal conductance (PTC) technique to measure the thermal conductivity of such small samples. In this paper we describe the PTC method and measurements of the thermal conductivity of the pentatelluride materials will be presented for the first time. The potential of these materials for low temperature thermoelectric applications will be further evaluated given these results as well as future work and directions will be discussed.
Lattice Dynamics Study of Anisotropic Heat Conduction in Superlattices
Authors: Yang B. , Chen G. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPast studies on the thermal conductivity suggest that phonon confinement and the associated group velocity reduction are the causes of the observed drop in the cross-plane thermal conductivity of semiconductor superlattices. In this work, we investigate the contribution of phonon confinement to the in-plane thermal conductivity of superlattices and the anisotropic effects of phonon confinement on the thermal conductivity in different directions, using a lattice dynamics model. We find that the reduced phonon group velocity due to phonon confinement may account for the dramatic reduction in the cross-plane thermal conductivity, but the in-plane thermal conductivity drop, caused by the reduced group velocity, is much less than the reported experimental results. This suggests that the reduced relaxation time due to diffuse interface phonon scattering, dislocation scattering, etc, should make major contribution to the in-plane thermal conductivity reduction.
Upper Limitation to the Performance of Single-Barrier Thermionic Emission Cooling
Authors: Ulrich Marc D. , Barnes Peter A. , Vining Cronin B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe have re-examined solid-state thermionic emission cooling from first principles and report two key results. First, electrical and heat currents over a semiconductor – semiconductor thermionic barrier are determined by the chemical potential measured from the conduction band edge, not the energy band offset between the two materials as is sometimes assumed. Second, we show the upper limit to the performance of thermionic emission cooling is equivalent to the performance of an optimized thermoelectric device made from the same material. An overview of this theory will be presented and instrumentation being developed to experimentally verify the theory will be discussed.
Umklapp Scattering and Heat Conductivity of Superlattices
Authors: Simkin M.V. , Mahan G.D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe mean free path of phonons in superlattices is estimated. It is shown to be strongly dependent on the superlattice period due to the Umklapp scattering in subbands. It first falls with increasing the superlattice period until it becomes comparable with the latter after what it rises back to the bulk value. Similar behavior is expected of heat conductivity, which is proportional to the mean free path.
Material Analysis by Ultrasonic Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Miyasaka Chiaki , Jia Lily , Tittmann Bernhard R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSpray-dried ceramic powders (e.g., Al2O3) are composed of a plurality of granules, each of which, includes ceramic particles and organic binders. It is assumed that the binders become concentrated in the surface layer of the granule in accordance with its type or its volume mixed into a ceramic portion of the granule. However, evidence to prove the assumption was limited because conventional microscopes were not able to clearly visualize the segregation. This paper presents a technique for imaging detailed structure of the spray-dried ceramic powders with the ultrasonic-atomic force microscope (U-AFM). The distribution of binder vis-a-vis Al2O3 particles is highly resolved with good contrast. The distribution was confirmed by nano -indentation. Thus, the U-AFM is shown to be a useful diagnostic tool for the development of approaches to spray-dried process evaluation.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Granular Flows – Current Status
Authors: Altobelli Stephen A. , Caprihan Arvind , Fukushima Eiichi , Seymour Joseph D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a non-intrusive method that can characterize not only the particulate density but also velocity and velocity fluctuation parameters. A survey of all the known NMR measurements of granular flow will be followed by a brief description of NMR as it applies to granular flow. Two new experiments, both involving flows in partially filled rotating horizontal cylinders, will be described. First, the effect of a stationary blade to suppress the azimuthal velocity of particles being brought up and deposited into the flowing layer on flow-velocity profiles will be studied. Suppressing the azimuthal velocity reduces the deviation of the velocity profile from a quadratic dependence on the height above the rigid layer. Second, a new NMR scheme will be presented that yields spatial distributions of collisional correlation times for macroscopic particles undergoing granular flow. It is based on Pulsed-Gradient Spin-Echo strategy that is commonly used to measure molecular diffusion in liquids. The scheme will be demonstrated with an example from shear flow in a partially-filled horizontal cylinder. Spatially resolved collisional correlation times and velocity fluctuation intensities are derived from the measurements and have values of ∼1 ms and ∼10-3 m2/s2 respectively, at the center of the free surface for 2 mm particles in a 70 mm diameter cylinder rotating at 2.36 rad/s.
Impulse and Low Frequency Acoustic Wave Propagation in Granular Beds
Authors: Sen Surajit , Manciu Marian , Tehan Victoria , Hurd Alan J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe study of sound propagation in granular beds at frequencies exceeding a MHz has been a subject of study for many years. Much remains to be learnt about sound propagation at lower frequencies. We shall present our studies on the problem of impulse propagation and briefly comment on low frequency acoustic propagation in model granular beds using particle dynamical simulations. The following results will be briefly discussed. (i) Impulses propagating as solitary waves in 1-D granular chains with Hertz contacts in the absence of precompression. (ii) The effects of uniform precompression and gravitational loading on wave propagation. (iii) Impulse propagation in 3-D granular beds. The research presented shall highlight the intrinsically nonlinear nature of wave propagation in granular beds.