bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typological thinking: Then and now
Authors: Witteveen Joeri 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA popular narrative about the history of modern biology has it that Ernst Mayr introduced the distinction between “typological thinking” and “population thinking” to mark a contrast between a metaphysically problematic and a promising foundation for (evolutionary) biology, respectively. This narrative sometimes continues with the observation that, since the late‐20th century, typological concepts have been making a comeback in biology, primarily in the context of evolutionary developmental biology. It is hard to square this narrative with the historical and philosophical literature on the typology/population distinction from the last decade or so. The conclusion that emerges from this literature is that the very distinction between typological thinking and population thinking is a piece of mere rhetoric that was concocted and rehearsed for purely strategic, programmatic reasons. If this is right, it becomes hard to make sense of recent criticisms (and sometimes: espousals) of the purportedly typological underpinnings of certain contemporary research programs. In this article, I offer a way out of this apparent conflict. I show that we can make historical and philosophical sense of the continued accusations of typological thinking by looking beyond Mayr, to his contemporary and colleague George Gaylord Simpson. I show that before Mayr discussed the typology/population distinction as an issue in scientific metaphysics, Simpson introduced it to mark several contrasts in methodology and scientific practice. I argue that Simpson's insightful discussion offers useful resources for classifying and assessing contemporary attributions of typological thinking.
Partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of primary human hepatocytes in the livers of a humanised mouse model
Authors: Ren Binhai , La Que T. , O'Brien Bronwyn A. , Nassif Najah T. , Tan Yi , Gerace Dario , Martiniello‐Wilks Rosetta , Torpy Fraser , Dane Allison P. , Alexander Ian E. , Simpson Ann M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundGene therapy is one treatment that may ultimately cure type 1 diabetes. We have previously shown that the introduction of furin‐cleavable human insulin (INS‐FUR) to the livers in several animal models of diabetes resulted in the reversal of diabetes and partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of liver cells. The present study investigated whether streptozotocin‐diabetes could be reversed in FRG mice in which chimeric mouse‐human livers can readily be established and, in addition, whether pancreatic transdifferentiation occurred in the engrafted human hepatocytes.MethodsEngraftment of human hepatocytes was confirmed by measuring human albumin levels. Following delivery of the empty vector or the INS‐FUR vector to diabetic FRG mice, mice were monitored for weight and blood glucose levels. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (IPGTTs) were performed. Expression levels of pancreatic hormones and transcription factors were determined by a reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry.ResultsDiabetes was reversed for a period of 60 days (experimental endpoint) after transduction with INS‐FUR. IPGTTs of the insulin‐transduced animals were not significantly different from nondiabetic animals. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the expression of human albumin and insulin in transduced liver samples. Quantitative RT‐PCR showed expression of human and mouse endocrine hormones and β‐cell transcription factors, indicating partial pancreatic transdifferentiation of mouse and human hepatocytes. Nonfasting human C‐peptide levels were significantly higher than mouse levels, suggesting that transdifferentiated human hepatocytes made a significant contribution to the reversal of diabetes.ConclusionsThese data show that human hepatocytes can be induced to undergo partial pancreatic transdifferentiation in vivo, indicating that the technology holds promise for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
The final chapter of Vygotsky's Thinking and Speech: A reader's guide
Authors: van der Veer René , Zavershneva Ekaterina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe seventh and last chapter of Vygotsky's Thinking and Speech (1934) is generally considered as his final word in psychology. It is a long chapter with a complex argumentative structure in which Vygotsky gives his view on the relationship between thinking and speech. Vygotsky's biographers have stated that the chapter was dictated in the final months of Vygotsky's life when his health was rapidly deteriorating. Although the chapter is famous, its structure has never been analyzed in any detail. In the present article we reveal its rhetorical structure and show how Vygotsky drew on many hitherto unrevealed sources to convince the reader of his viewpoint.
Bioluminescence‐driven optogenetic activation of transplanted neural precursor cells improves motor deficits in a Parkinson's disease mouse model
Authors: Zenchak Jessica R. , Palmateer Brandon , Dorka Nicolai , Brown Tariq M. , Wagner Lina‐Marie , Medendorp William E. , Petersen Eric D. , Prakash Mansi , Hochgeschwender Ute 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe need to develop efficient therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is urgent, especially given the increasing percentages of the population living longer, with increasing chances of being afflicted with conditions like Parkinson's disease (PD). A promising curative approach toward PD and other neurodegenerative diseases is the transplantation of stem cells to halt and potentially reverse neuronal degeneration. However, stem cell therapy does not consistently lead to improvement for patients. Using remote stimulation to optogenetically activate transplanted cells, we attempted to improve behavioral outcomes of stem cell transplantation. We generated a neuronal precursor cell line expressing luminopsin 3 (LMO3), a luciferase‐channelrhodopsin fusion protein, which responds to the luciferase substrate coelenterazine (CTZ) with emission of blue light that in turn activates the opsin. Neuronal precursor cells were injected bilaterally into the striatum of homozygous aphakia mice, which carry a spontaneous mutation leading to lack of dopaminergic neurons and symptoms of PD. Following transplantation, the cells were stimulated over a period of 10 days by intraventricular injections of CTZ. Mice receiving CTZ demonstrated significantly improved motor skills in a rotarod test compared to mice receiving vehicle. Thus, bioluminescent optogenetic stimulation of transplanted neuronal precursor cells shows promising effects in improving locomotor behavior in the aphakia PD mouse model and encourages further studies to elucidate the mechanisms and long‐term outcomes of these beneficial effects.
What does the occurrence of Sporormiella (Preussia) spores mean in Australian fossil sequences?
Authors: Dodson John , Field Judith H. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the loss of the final few species of Australian megafauna is beset by a paucity of data on human arrival, well‐provenanced megafauna, human/megafauna population range and distribution (coexistence and interaction), and the range, scale and impact of environmental changes spanning the human–megafauna period. To overcome these shortcomings, the occurrence and decline of coprophilous fungal spores of Sporormiella in sediments have been used as a proxy for extinct megaherbivores. The Sporormiella evidence is presented as the key indicator of extinction timing and these reports are often from locations where there is no known archaeological record or megafauna remains. However, interpreting fungal spore occurrence is not straightforward, as demonstrated by studies investigating taphonomy, taxonomy and the types of animal dung where Sporormiella occurs. No detailed studies on these problems exist for Australia and no evidence supporting the use of Sporormiella as a valid proxy has been reported. Here we examine the occurrence of Sporormiella spores from Cuddie Springs in south‐eastern Australia. Despite a well‐preserved suite of megafauna fossils, Sporormiella occurrence is sporadic and frequencies are low. We conclude that using Sporormiella alone as an indicator for the presence of megafauna is premature for the Australian context.
Effect of dietary processed sulfur supplementation on water‐soluble flavor precursors, free amino acids, and taste characteristics of pork during refrigerated storage
Authors: Kim Ji‐Han , Ju Min‐Gu , Lee Hyun‐Jin , Yeon Su‐Jung , Lee Chi‐Ho 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA total of 60 three‐way crossbred (Landrace, Duroc, and Yorkshire) pigs were divided into two groups (processed sulfur‐fed pigs (SFPs) and nonprocessed sulfur‐fed pigs, (NSFPs)) and used to determine the effect of supplementation with 3 g kg−1 processed sulfur on water‐soluble precursors, free amino acids, and taste of meat using an electronic tongue, during refrigerated storage.RESULTSGlycogen and glucose levels of SFP were significantly higher than in NSFPs. Glycogen levels decreased and glucose levels increased during storage (P < 0.001). The pH and moisture content of SFPs were higher than in NSFPs. Inosine of SFPs was higher than in NSFPs (P < 0.05). Hence, umami and richness tastes of SFPs were higher than in NSFPs and increased during storage. The total free amino acid content of both groups was not different, although it increased during storage (P < 0.001). The umami taste of water‐soluble precursors was improved in meat derived from SFPs during refrigeration.CONCLUSIONThe storage time and dietary supplementation with processed sulfur increased the taste components of meat. Application of an electronic tongue system can be used to distinguish the taste characteristics of different types of pork, based on differential supplementation and aging. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of the cocobiota and metabolites of Moniliophthora perniciosa‐resistant Theobroma cacao beans during spontaneous fermentation in southern Brazil
Authors: Bastos Valdeci S , Santos Maria FS , Gomes Laidson P , Leite Analy MO , Flosi Paschoalin Vânia M , Del Aguila Eduardo M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCocoa bean fermentation is a spontaneous process involving a succession of microbial activities, yeasts, lactic acid, and acetic acid bacteria. The spontaneous fermentation of cocoa beans by Theobroma cacao TSH565 clonal variety, a highly productive hybrid resistant to Moniliophthora perniciosa and Phytophthora spp., was investigated. The natural cocobiota involved in the spontaneous fermentation of this hybrid in southern Brazil, was investigated by using both a culture‐dependent microbiological analysis and a molecular analysis. The changes in the physicochemical characteristics and the kinetics of substrate utilization and metabolite production during fermentation were also evaluated.RESULTSYeasts (178) and bacteria (244) isolated during fermentation were identified by partial sequencing of the ITS and 16S rDNAs, respectively. After 144 h of fermentation, the indigenous yeast community was composed of Hanseniaspora spp., Saccharomyces spp., and Pichia spp. The bacterial population comprised Lactococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Acetobacter spp. and Lactobacilli strains. The kinetics of substrate transformation reflected the dynamic composition of the cocobiota. Substrates such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, and citric acid, present at the beginning of fermentation, were metabolized to produce ethanol, acetic acid, and lactic acid.CONCLUSIONThe results described here provide new insights into microbial diversity in cocoa bean‐pulp mass fermentation and the kinetics of metabolites synthesis, and pave the way for the selection of starter cultures to increase efficiency and consistency to obtain homogeneous and best quality cocoa products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative analysis of amino acids in human and bovine colostrum milk samples through iTRAQ labeling
Authors: Liang Xiaona , Han Hongjiao , Zhao Xue , Cao Xueyan , Yang Mei , Tao Dongbing , Wu Rina , Yue Xiqing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe types and quantity of proteins vary widely between bovine and human milk, with corresponding differences in free and hydrolytic amino acids. In this study, the free and hydrolytic amino acids of bovine and human colostrum were for the first time qualitatively and quantitatively determined using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection.RESULTSTotal free amino acid content was 0.32 g L−1 and 0.63 g L−1 in bovine and human colostrum respectively, with free amino acid content in human colostrum twice that of bovine colostrum. However, total hydrolytic amino acid content was 4.2 g L−1 and 2.2 g L−1 in bovine and human colostrum respectively. We found that the hydrolytic amino acid content in bovine colostrum was higher than that in human colostrum; however, the amount of free amino acids and the overall amino acid content in human colostrum were respectively substantially higher and more varied than in bovine colostrum.CONCLUSIONOur findings revealed differences between bovine and human colostrum, with these data providing the basis for further research into amino acid metabolomics and infant formula. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Image content adaptive color breakup index for field sequential color displays using a dominant visual saliency method
Authors: Qin Zong , Lin Ying‐Ju , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Kuo Chia‐Wei , Lin Ching‐Huan , Sugiura Norio , Shieh Han‐Ping David , Huang Yi‐Pai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn index that can predict the perceptual visibility of color breakup for varying image content is valuable in field sequential color displays, whereas the current indices are usually for fixed patterns. To solve this problem, an image database containing 25 diverse reference images and 125 test cases with various color breakup visibility was first established. Next, visual experiments using a 240‐Hz liquid crystal display were performed to acquire the subjective color breakup scores of the test cases. A theorem based on visual saliency theory was proposed that the color breakup perception is mainly determined by the image regions with visual saliency values higher than a certain threshold, called the dominant visual saliency regions. A computational model based on this theorem was developed to obtain objective color breakup scores of the test cases from retinal images with and without color breakup. An analysis of the objective and subjective results revealed a Pearson linear correlation coefficient as high as 0.82, which matches the top‐level image quality assessment algorithms. Finally, the proposed color breakup index was used to benchmark against several mainstream field sequential color algorithms to determine their performances in color breakup suppression.
Comparative pharmacokinetic study of the components of Jia‐Wei‐Kai‐Xin‐San in normal and vascular dementia rats by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shi Yiwei , Cao Cheng , Zhu Yue , Gao Ting , Yang Wen , Liu Mingzhu Qi Mengqiu , Huang Renjie , Qian Dawei , Duan Jin‐Ao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA fast, sensitive, and reliable ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of geniposide, polygalaxanthone III, 3,6′‐disinapoyl sucrose, α‐asarone, β‐asarone, poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, dehydrotumulosic acid, deoxyschizandrin, schizandrin B, and kaempferide in plasma after oral administration of extracts of Jia‐Wei‐Kai‐Xin‐San in normal and vascular dementia rats. The developed method was precise and accurate within the linearity range of the analytes. The lower limits of quantification were 1.04–2.68 ng/mL for all the analytes. Both intra‐ and inter day precision and accuracy of the analytes were all within accepted criteria. The mean extraction recoveries of the analytes and the internal standard from rat plasma were all >60.0%. The validated method had been successfully applied to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of the analytes in plasma of normal and vascular dementia rat treated with herbal extracts. Results indicated that differences existed between normal and vascular dementia model rats except dehydrotumulosic acid and kaempferide, which might be due to the pathology of vascular dementia and pharmacological effect of the analytes. These pharmacokinetic studies might benefit for the mechanism exploration and clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine formulae.
A simple, fast, and accurate thermodynamic‐based approach for transfer and prediction of GC retention times between columns and instruments Part II: Estimation of target column geometry
Authors: Hou Siyuan , Stevenson Keisean A. J. M. , Harynuk James J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe transfer of thermodynamic parameters governing retention of a molecule in gas chromatography from a reference column to a target column is a difficult problem. Successful transfer demands a mechanism whereby the column geometries of both columns can be determined with high accuracy. This is the second part in a series of three papers. In Part I of this work we introduced a new approach to determine the actual effective geometry of a reference column and thermodynamic‐based parameters of a suite of compounds on the column. Part II, presented here, illustrates the rapid estimation of the effective inner diameter (or length) and the effective phase ratio of a target column. The estimation model based on the principle of least squares; a fast Quasi‐Newton optimization algorithm was developed to provide adequate computational speed. The model and optimization algorithm were tested and validated using simulated and experimental data. This study, together with the work in Parts I and III, demonstrates a method that improves the transferability of thermodynamic models of gas chromatography retention between gas chromatography columns.
How consumption situation anticipated and risk acceptance affect the novelty–intention relationship: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Chang David Y. , Lu Pei‐Fang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe study empirically tested reciprocal effects of risk acceptance and consumption situation anticipated and found a moderated mediation model to reexamine the novelty–intention relationship. Responses from 302 individuals were analyzed. The key findings reveal that risk acceptance fully mediates the novelty seeking–visit intention relationship; if the consumption situation can be highly anticipated, the direct effect of novelty seeking on visit intention can be enhanced, the mediating effect of risk acceptance can be alleviated, and the negative influence of novelty seeking on risk acceptance can be reduced. On the other hand, if the consumption situation cannot be anticipated to a certain level, although novelty seeking may still increase risk acceptance, the risk acceptance becomes more influential to one's visit intention. The study provides empirical support to understand some psychological aspects of potential novelty‐seeking travelers.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in DSM‐5 and ICD‐11: Clinical and Behavioral Correlates
Authors: Hyland Philip , Shevlin Mark , Fyvie Claire , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe American Psychiatric Association and the World Health Organization provide distinct trauma‐based diagnoses in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM‐5), and the forthcoming 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11), respectively. The DSM‐5 conceptualizes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a single, broad diagnosis, whereas the ICD‐11 proposes two “sibling” disorders: PTSD and complex PTSD (CPTSD). The objectives of the current study were to: (a) compare prevalence rates of PTSD/CPTSD based on each diagnostic system; (b) identify clinical and behavioral variables that distinguish ICD‐11 CPTSD and PTSD diagnoses; and (c) examine the diagnostic associations for ICD‐11 CPTSD and DSM‐5 PTSD. Participants in a predominately female clinical sample (N = 106) completed self‐report scales to measure ICD‐11 PTSD and CPTSD, DSM‐5 PTSD, and depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, dissociation, destructive behaviors, and suicidal ideation and self‐harm. Significantly more people were diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM‐5 criteria (90.4%) compared to those diagnosed with PTSD and CPTSD according to the ICD‐11 guidelines (79.8%). An ICD‐11 CPTSD diagnosis was distinguished from an ICD‐11 PTSD diagnosis by higher levels of dissociation (d = 1.01), depression (d = 0.63), and borderline personality disorder (d = 0.55). Diagnostic associations with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and self‐harm were higher for ICD‐11 CPTSD compared to DSM‐5 PTSD (by 10.7%, 4.0%, and 7.0%, respectively). These results have implications for differential diagnosis and for the development of targeted treatments for CPTSD.
Polyethylene Glycols as Efficient Catalysts for the Oxidation of Bicyclic Monoterpenes by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate in Acetonitrile under Acid‐Free Conditions: Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Rajitha N. , Shylaja S. , Rajanna K. C. , Yadagiri B. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPolyethylene glycols (PEG) acts as efficient catalysts for the oxidation of bicyclic monoterpenes such as borneol, isoborneol, and camphor by ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), a laboratory desktop reagent, in acetonitrile medium under mineral acid‐free conditions. The kinetics of the reactions revealed first‐order dependence on in both [CAN] and [bicyclic terpene]. The rate of oxidation is accelerated with an increase in [PEG] linearly, which could be explained by considering PEG‐bound oxidant (PEG‐CAN) as more reactive species than (CAN) itself. The mechanism of oxidation in PEG media has been explained through the participation of PEG‐bound oxidant (PEG‐CAN) and bicyclic monoterpene in the slow step.
Detecting oropharyngeal carcinoma using multispectral, narrow‐band imaging and machine learning
Authors: Mascharak Shamik , Baird Brandon J. , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine if multispectral narrow‐band imaging (mNBI) can be used for automated, quantitative detection of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC).Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsMultispectral narrow‐band imaging and white light endoscopy (WLE) were used to examine the lymphoepithelial tissues of the oropharynx in a preliminary cohort of 30 patients (20 with biopsy‐proven OPC, 10 healthy). Low‐level image features from five patients were then extracted to train naïve Bayesian classifiers for healthy and malignant tissue.ResultsTumors were classified by color features with 65.9% accuracy, 66.8% sensitivity, and 64.9% specificity under mNBI. In contrast, tumors were classified with 52.3% accuracy (P = 0.0108), 44.8% sensitivity (P = 0.0793), and 59.9% specificity (P = 0.312) under WLE. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded areas under the curve (AUC) of 72.3% and 54.6% for classification under mNBI and WLE, respectively (P = 0.00168). For classification by both color and texture features, AUC under mNBI increased (80.1%, P = 0.00230) but did not improve under WLE (below 55% for both models, P = 0.180). Cross‐validation with five folds yielded an AUC above 80% for both mNBI models and below 55% for both WLE models (P = 0.0000410 and 0.000116).ConclusionCompared to WLE, mNBI significantly enhanced the performance of a naïve Bayesian classifier trained on low‐level image features of oropharyngeal mucosa. These findings suggest that automated clinical detection of OPC might be used to enhance surgical vision, improve early diagnosis, and allow for high‐throughput screening.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 2514–2520, 2018