bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise ameliorates insulin resistance via regulating TGFβ‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1)‐mediated insulin signaling in liver of high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wan Jianyong , Xu Zhen , Hua Tianmiao , Sun Qingyan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExercise is an effective therapy for insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Previous research demonstrated that TGFβ‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1)‐dependent signaling plays a crucial character in hepatic insulin resistance. Hepatic ubiquitin specific protease 4 (USP4), USP18, and dual‐specificity phosphatases 14 (DUSP14) can suppress TAK1 phosphorylation, besides tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8) promote its phosphorylation. In this study, we tried to verify our hypothesis that exercise improves insulin resistance in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese (DIO) rats via regulating the TAK1 dependent signaling and TAK1 regulators in liver. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n = 10): standard diet and sedentary as normal control; fed on HFD and DIO‐sedentary; fed on HFD and DIO‐chronic exercise; and fed on HFD and DIO‐acute exercise. HFD feeding resulted in increased body weight, visceral fat mass, serum FFAs and hepatic lipid deposition, but decreased hepatic glycogen content and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, hepatic TRAF3 and TRIM8 protein levels increased, whereas USP4, USP18, and DUSP14 protein levels were decreased under obese status, which resulted in enhanced TAK1 phosphorylation and impaired insulin signaling. Exercise training, containing chronic and acute mode, both ameliorated insulin resistance. Meanwhile, decreased TAK1, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation enhanced Akt phosphorylation in liver. Moreover, exercise enhanced USP4 and DUSP14 protein levels, whereas decreased TRIM8 protein levels in obese rats’ liver. These results showed that exercise triggered a crucial modulation in TAK1‐dependent signaling and its regulators in obese rats’ liver, and distinct improvement in insulin sensitivity, which provide new insights into the mechanism by which physical exercise improves insulin resistance.
miR‐145‐5p affects the differentiation of gastric cancer by targeting KLF5 directly
Authors: Zhou Taicheng , Chen Shuang , Mao Xiaoyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKrüppel‐like factor 5 (KLF5) takes part in the pathologic processes of many types of cancer; however, its expression and roles in the biological behavior of gastric cancer remain unknown. TargetScan suggested that miR‐145‐5p is the predicted effective and conserved microRNA (miRNA) that binds to KLF5 through its 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). We investigated the expression of KLF5 and miR‐145‐5p messenger RNA (mRNA) in gastric cancer and then analyzed its role in the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells. Our results indicated that KLF5 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 39.7% of the gastric cancer cases and was increased compared with that of the corresponding noncancerous normal mucosa (0.01 < p < 0.05). The poorly differentiated subtype showed positive KLF5 expression, whereas the differentiated subtype showed negative KLF5 expression (p < 0.05). Dual‐luciferase reporter assay suggested KLF5 3′‐UTR was the direct target of miR‐145‐5p. Compared with the differentiated gastric cancer, miR‐145‐5p was downregulated in undifferentiated gastric cancer (p < 0.05). The downregulation of KLF5 expression and differentiation of MGC‐803 and BGC‐823 caused by siKLF5 or miR‐145‐5p mimic transfection. Our results indicated that miR‐145‐5p/KLF5 3′‐UTR affected the differentiation of gastric cancer. miR‐145‐5p was able to promote gastric cancer differentiation by targeting KLF5 3′‐UTR directly. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for cancer differentiation and a new facet to the role of miR‐145‐5p/KLF5 in gastric cancer.
Hydroxytyrosol from olive fruits prevents blue‐light‐induced damage in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: Avola Rosanna , Graziano Adriana Carol Eleonora , Pannuzzo Giovanna , Bonina Francesco , Cardile Venera 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSkin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous or intrinsic and exogenous or extrinsic factors due to environmental damage. The primary environmental factor that causes human skin aging is the ultraviolet irradiation from the sun. Recently, it was established that the long‐term exposure to light‐emitting‐diode‐generated blue light (LED‐BL) from electronic devices seems to have a relevant implication in the molecular mechanisms of premature photoaging. BL irradiation induces changes in the synthesis of various skin structures through DNA damage and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and ‐12, which are responsible for the loss of the main components of the extracellular matrix of skin like collagen type I and elastin. In the current study, using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to specific LED‐BL radiation doses (45 and 15 J/cm
2), we produced an in vitro model of skin photoaging. We verified that, compared with untreated controls, the treatment with LED‐BL irradiation results in the alteration of metalloprotease‐1 (collagenase), metalloprotease‐12 (elastase), 8‐dihydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and collagen type I. Moreover, we showed that the photoaging prevention is possible via the use of hydroxytyrosol extracted from olive fruits, well known for antioxidant properties. Our results demonstrated that hydroxytyrosol protects keratinocytes and fibroblasts from LED‐BL‐induced damage. Thus, hydroxytyrosol might be proposed as an encouraging candidate for the prevention of BL‐induced premature photoaging.
Neuronal extracellular microRNAs miR‐124 and miR‐9 mediate cell–cell communication between neurons and microglia
Authors: Veremeyko Tatyana , Kuznetsova Inna S. , Dukhinova Marina , W. Y. Yung Amanda , Kopeikina Ekaterina , Barteneva Natasha S. , Ponomarev Eugene D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn contrast to peripheral macrophages, microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit a specific deactivated phenotype; however, it is not clear how this phenotype is maintained. Two alternative hypotheses were postulated recently: (a) microglia differ from peripheral macrophages being derived from the yolk sac (YS), whereas peripheral macrophages originate from bone marrow (BM); (b) microglia acquire a specific phenotype under the influence of the CNS microenvironment. We have previously shown that microglia express miR‐124, which was also induced in BM‐derived macrophages co‐cultured with a neurons. We here investigated the possibility of horizontal transfer of the neuron‐specific microRNAs miR‐124 and miR‐9 from primary neurons to microglia/macrophages. We found that after incubation with neuronal conditioned media (NCM), macrophages downregulated activation markers MHC class II and CD45. Neither cultured adult microglia nor YS‐ and BM‐derived macrophages demonstrated intrinsic levels of miR‐124 expression. However, after incubation with NCM, miR‐124 was induced in both YS‐ and BM‐derived macrophages. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the NCM contained miR‐124 and miR‐9 in complex with small proteins, large high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), and exosomes. MiR‐124 and miR‐9 were promptly released from neurons, and this process was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, indicating an important role of neuronal electric activity in secretion of these microRNAs. Incubation of macrophages with exogenous miR‐124 resulted in efficient translocation of miR‐124 into the cytoplasm. This study demonstrates an important role of neuronal miRNAs in communication of neurons with microglia, which favors the hypothesis that microglia acquire a specific phenotype under the influence of the CNS microenvironment.
Process‐based evaluation of the VALUE perfect predictor experiment of statistical downscaling methods
Authors: Soares P. M. M. , Maraun D. , Brands S. , Jury M. W. , Gutiérrez J. M. , San‐Martín D. , Hertig E. , Huth R. , Belušić Vozila A. , Cardoso Rita M. , Kotlarski S. , Drobinski P. , Obermann‐Hellhund A. 
Published: October 2018

Statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) are techniques used to downscale and/or bias‐correct climate model results to regional or local scales. The European network VALUE developed a framework to evaluate and inter‐compare SDMs. One of VALUE's experiments is the perfect predictor experiment that uses reanalysis predictors to isolate downscaling skill. Most evaluation papers for SDMs employ simple statistical diagnostics and do not follow a process‐based rationale. Thus, in this paper, a process‐based evaluation has been conducted for the more than 40 participating model output statistics (MOS, mostly bias correction) and perfect prognosis (PP) methods, for temperature and precipitation at 86 weather stations across Europe.The SDMs are analysed following the so‐called “regime‐oriented” technique, focussing on relevant features of the atmospheric circulation at large to local scales. These features comprise the North Atlantic Oscillation, blocking and selected Lamb weather types and at local scales the bora wind and the western Iberian coastal‐low level jet.The representation of the local weather response to the selected features depends strongly on the method class. As expected, MOS is unable to generate process sensitivity when it is not simulated by the predictors (ERA‐Interim). Moreover, MOS often suffers from an inflation effect when a predictor is used for more than one station. The PP performance is very diverse and depends strongly on the implementation. Although conditioned on predictors that typically describe the large‐scale circulation, PP often fails in capturing the process sensitivity correctly. Stochastic generalized linear models supported by well‐chosen predictors show improved skill to represent the sensitivities.
Ridge preservation procedures revisited: A randomized controlled trial to evaluate dimensional changes with two different surgical protocols
Authors: Hong Heather R. , Chen Chia‐Yu , Kim David M. , Machtei Eli E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of different surgical techniques for ridge preservation on soft tissue parameters has seldom been investigated. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different ridge preservation techniques on soft and hard tissue dimensions.MethodsThirty patients requiring tooth extraction were randomly allocated to either control group C (allograft covered with a non‐crosslinked collagen membrane with primary closure) or experimental group E (allograft covered with cross‐linked collagen membrane left exposed). Sites were surgically re‐entered at 6 months. Soft and hard tissue measurements, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and cast measurements were taken at baseline and 6 months.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were included in this analysis. When the two treatment groups were compared, the width of the buccal keratinized tissue in the E group showed an increase of 0.43 ± 0.42 mm compared to net loss of 1.57 ± 0.51 mm for the C (P = 0.006). Similarly, buccal tissue thickness has increased in the E group 0.46 ± 0.22 mm compared to a loss of 0.15 ± 0.23 mm in the C group (P = 0.068). Volumetric assessment of the changes in the alveolar ridge for the E group showed a slight decrease (68.3 ± 17 mm3) whereas the C group has experienced almost double this loss (107.5 ± 11 mm3; P = 0.07). Crestal width, measured on the CBCT scan, has shown significant reduction in the C group (4.18 ± 0.56 mm) compared to only 1.74 ± 0.4 mm in the E group (P = 0.003).ConclusionCrosslinked collagen membrane with allograft placed intentionally non‐submerged resulted in better preservation of the keratinized tissues (width and thickness) with similar and at times better osseous preservation following extraction.
Hypermobile upper lip is highly prevalent among patients seeking treatment for gummy smile
Authors: Andijani Reem I. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundExcessive gingival display (EGD), or a gummy smile (GS), is a mucogingival deformity that can be of concern to patients. The prevalence of GS etiologies, such as altered passive eruption (APE) and hypermobile upper lip (HUL), has not been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of APE and HUL in patients seeking to correct their GS, and to determine possible prevalence differences among patients with different gingival display (GD) levels.MethodsDuring clinical screening of patients interested in participating in a GS treatment study, GD diagnosis, GD level, and presence of APE and/or HUL were determined. Descriptive statistics were calculated for APE, HUL, and GD group prevalence. Fisher's exact test was used to determine difference in frequency of etiologies between GD groups.ResultsFifty‐six patients were clinically screened (27.2 ± 7.2 years old; 85.7% females; 94.6% with GD, 5.4% without GD). Among patients having GD, 75.5% presented with GD≥4 mm and 24.5% with GD<4 mm. Prevalence of etiologies was: 20.8% APE alone, 45.3% HUL alone, and 34% APE and HUL. The prevalence difference between GD≥4 mm and GD<4 mm groups was statistically significant (p<0.0001); for ≥4 mm GD: 5% presented with APE alone, 50% HUL alone, and 45% APE and HUL; for <4 mm GD: 69.2% presented with APE alone and 30.8% HUL alone.ConclusionAmong patients seeking GS treatment, HUL is the most predominant etiology and it is often present in combination with APE.
Extraction of specific egg yolk antibodies and application in chitosan coating: effect on microbial and sensory properties of rainbow trout fillet during chilled storage
Authors: Ehsani Ali , Naghibi Seyedeh S , Aminzare Majid , Keykhosravi Kobra , Hashemi Mohammad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the effect of chitosan coating enriched with extracted egg yolk antibodies on microbial and sensory quality of rainbow trout fillet during refrigeration (4 ± 1 °C). Firstly, bacterial antigen suspensions (total psychrophilic bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Shewanella putrefaciens) were injected into the breast muscles of chickens. Eggs of immunized chickens were then collected to isolate immunoglobulin from egg yolks (IgY). Fresh fish fillets were coated by chitosan solution containing different types of IgY separately, at two concentrations (60 and 90 mg mL−1), refrigerated for 16 days and analysed for total viable count, psychrotrophic, Pseudomonas spp., P. fluorescens and S. putrefaciens count as well as sensorial properties.RESULTSThe tested microbial values increased in all samples during the storage period; however, CH + IgY treated samples could significantly retard microbial growth compared to control. The shelf life of CH + IgY‐P samples was extended for about 4 days, while it was extended for about 8 days in CH + IgY‐S and CH + IgY‐T samples, when they were compared to control (p < 0.05). Higher scores for sensory attributes were also observed in CH + IgY treated samples, especially in CH + IgY‐S samples until the end of storage period.CONCLUSIONSAccordingly, use of chitosan coating containing IgY increases the microbial and sensory quality of fish flesh at 4 °C. Therefore, given the consumer interest in natural additives, chitosan coating containing IgY can be a promising candidate. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of macro, micro, trace essential, and toxic elements in Garcinia cambogia fruit and its anti‐obesity commercial products
Authors: Jamila Nargis , Khan Naeem , Hwang In Min , Choi Ji Yeon , Nho Eun Yeong , Khan Sadiq Noor , Atlas Amir , Kim Kyong Su 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDGarcinia (Clusiaceae) species are traditionally used as flavoring agents in curries and to cure several human health complications. This study investigated 31 macro, micro, and trace elements in microwave‐assisted digested samples of Garcinia cambogia fruit and its anti‐obesity commercial products by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometric (ICP‐MS) techniques. The methods were also validated using the coefficient of determination (R2), limits of detection and quantification (LOD, LOQ), precision (CV%), analysis of certified reference materials, spiking recovery experiments, and participation in an accredited laboratory proficiency test organized by Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS).RESULTSQuality assurance confirmed that the methods were efficient and in accordance with criteria set by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). In the elemental analysis, the analyzed macro, micro, and trace essential elements were present in appreciable concentrations, which could meet the human nutritional requirements. Traces of toxic elements were within safe limits.CONCLUSIONFrom the results of the current study, the fruit and its commercial products could be considered potential sources of mineral elements without posing any threats to consumers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of selenium enrichment on metabolism of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit during postharvest ripening
Authors: Puccinelli Martina , Malorgio Fernando , Terry Leon A , Tosetti Roberta , Rosellini Irene , Pezzarossa Beatrice 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundSelenium (Se) enrichment of plants seems effective in enhancing the health‐related properties of produce and in delaying plant senescence and fruit ripening. The current study investigated the effects of Se on tomato fruit ripening. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were grown in hydroponics with different Se‐enriched nutrient solutions. Se, as sodium selenate, was added at a rate of 0 mg L−1 (control), 1, and 1.5 mg L−1.ResultsSelenium was absorbed by roots and translocated to leaves and fruit. Enrichment with Se did not significantly affect the qualitative parameters of fruit at commercial harvest; instead it delayed ripening by affecting specific ripening‐related processes (respiration, ethylene production, color evolution) during postharvest. In the current experiment 100 g of tomato hydroponically grown with a 1.5 mg Se L−1 enriched solution provided a total of 23.7 µg Se. Selenium recommended daily intake is 60 µg for women and 70 µg for men; thus the daily consumption of 100 g of enriched tomato would not lead to Se toxicity but would provide a good Se diet supplementation.ConclusionsThe cultivation of tomato plants in a Se‐enriched solution appeared effective in producing tomato fruit with improved performance during storage and postharvest shelf life, and also with greater potential health‐promoting properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel in‐capillary assay for dynamically monitoring fast binding between antibody and peptides using CE
Authors: Wang Jianhao , Qiu Lin , You Ying , Ma Luping , Zhu Zhilan , Yang Li , Wang Jianpeng , Wang Xiang , Liu Li , Liu Xiaoqian , Chang Yufeng , Li Jie , Gao Liqian , Li Yong‐Qiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNowadays, despite numerous techniques available for the detection of antibody–peptide binding, sensitivity and detection limit inflow still remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a strategy for the detection of binding inflow of monoclonal anti‐FLAG M2 antibody and 5,6‐carboxyfluorescein‐labeled FLAG tag in capillary. Antibody and peptides were sequentially injected into the capillary where they mixed and bound together. Capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection was employed to monitor the binding process, and the results showed that the efficacy of the antibody–peptide binding in capillary (in‐capillary assay) is affected by the stoichiometry. Compared to the out‐capillary assay, this novel assay showed different KD values and required a very short detection time, thus showing great potential for rapid detection as well as other applications. Additionally, our novel assay can be used to investigate the stability of the antibody–peptide complex. The addition of excess DYKDDDDK or TAMRA‐DYKDDDDK, with similar binding priorities with M2, can leads to dissociation of the complex with a two‐step mechanism including dissociation and association. We believed that our developed method can be extended to monitor wide range of other biomolecule interactions.
Neutralization techniques as a moderating mechanism: Ethically questionable behavior in the Romanian consumer context
Authors: Fukukawa Kyoko , Zaharie Monica‐Maria , Romonţi‐Maniu Andreea‐Ioana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOn the basis of an empirical investigation in the context of Romania, this paper identifies a moderating role of neutralization techniques within ethically questionable consumer behavior. The quantitative study is based on a synthesized model of theory of planned behavior incorporating the factor of perceived unfairness and neutralization techniques. Significantly, neutralization techniques are shown to have a negative, but definite impact on the action to behave unethically. This leads to their consideration as a process of thinking, rather than as static judgment. As such, neutralization techniques are conceptually distinctive to the other factors. The paper analyzes the results specific to the Romanian context, but noting implications for an understanding of the morality of markets with similar historical, political, and economic conditions. Overall, the findings offer a more nuanced reading of consumer behavior. The paper places moral flexibility in terms of a specific cultural context, but also reveals how neutralization techniques can moderate ethically questionable behaviors beyond matters of self‐interest, which, in turn, has implications for how companies can consider their responsibilities in relation to their customers.
A feasibility study on an automated method to generate patient‐specific dose distributions for radiotherapy using deep learning
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Men Kuo , Li Yexiong , Yi Junlin , Dai Jianrong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo develop a method for predicting optimal dose distributions, given the planning image and segmented anatomy, by applying deep learning techniques to a database of previously optimized and approved Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy treatment plans.MethodsEighty cases of early‐stage nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were included in the study. Seventy cases were chosen randomly as the training set and the remaining as the test set. The inputs were the images with structures, with each target and organs at risk (OARs) assigned a unique label. The outputs were dose maps, including coarse dose maps and converted fine dose maps (FDM) from convolution. Two types of input images with structures were used in the model building. One type of input included the images (with associated structures) without manipulation. The second type of input involved modifying the image gray label with information from radiation beam geometry. ResNet101 was chosen as the deep learning network for both. The accuracy of predicted dose distributions was evaluated against the corresponding dose as used in the clinic. A global three‐dimensional gamma analysis was calculated for the evaluation.ResultsThe proposed model trained with the two different sets of input images and structures could both predict patient‐specific dose distributions accurately. For the out‐of‐field dose distributions, the model obtained from the input with radiation geometry performed better (dose difference in %, 4.7 ± 6.1% vs 5.5 ± 7.9%, P < 0.05). The mean Gamma pass rates of dose distributions predicted with both types of input were comparable for most OARs (P > 0.05), except for the bilateral optic nerves and the optic chiasm.ConclusionsThe proposed system with radiation geometry added to the input is a promising method to generate patient‐specific dose distributions for radiotherapy. It can be applied to obtain the dose distributions slice‐by‐slice for planning quality assurance and for guiding automated planning.