bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ageing farming workforce and the health and sustainability of agricultural communities: A narrative review
Authors: O'Meara Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo review and synthesise research related to the ageing farming workforce influence on the health and sustainability of agricultural communities.DesignUsing the PRISMA framework as a guide, the CINHAL and Medline databases were searched. Search 1 used the key search terms of ageing OR aging, farm*, workforce. Search 2 used health, sustainability and ‘agricultural OR farm communit*. Search 3 combined Searches 1 and 2. Search 4 followed journal citations to identify other relevant articles. A process of narrative synthesis was applied to the results through the prism of rural social capital that described the current state of knowledge and understanding under four themes.ResultDatabase searches and searching of citations identified 16 contemporary articles. Seven of the papers were from Australia, and the balance from five other high‐income countries. The four that themes emerged are: vulnerabilities of ageing farmers; economic and climatic drivers; social capital and sustainability; and integrative strategies, that might offer a way forward.ConclusionIntegrating these forces of nature, economics and sociology to address the ageing farming workforce and the associated health and sustainability of agricultural communities remains a major challenge for researchers, governments, the agricultural sector and rural communities.
The change in quality of life for older Australians: A rural and urban comparison
Authors: Hancock Shaun , Wells Yvonne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the quality of life of older Australians living in rural and urban communities over time.DesignPanel survey conducted in 2012‐2013 and 2014‐2015.SettingParticipants lived in metropolitan Melbourne (urban sample, N = 279), rural Victoria (N = 98) or Tasmania (N = 47).ParticipantsAll participants (N = 424) were clients of aged care providers or residents in retirement housing or residential care.Main outcome measuresQuality of life.ResultA repeated‐measures analysis of variance showed a decrease in quality of life over time. There was no difference in change in quality of life over time by location of participants (urban vs rural). Multiple regression analysis showed that resilience predicted baseline quality of life in all three locations.ConclusionThese findings generally did not support significant differences between geographic locations in trajectories of older adults' quality of life over time. Instead, individuals' resilience appears to be the strongest predictor of quality of life.
Genetics of century‐old fish scales reveal population patterns of decline
Authors: Price Michael H.H. , Connors Brendan M. , Candy John R. , McIntosh Brenda , Beacham Terry D. , Moore Jonathan W. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConservation scientists rarely have the information required to understand changes in abundance over more than a few decades, even for important species like Pacific salmon. Such lack of historical information can underestimate the magnitude of decline for depressed populations. We applied genetic tools to a unique collection of 100‐year‐old salmon scales to reveal declines of 56%–99% in wild sockeye populations across Canada's second largest salmon watershed, the Skeena River. These analyses reveal century‐long declines that are much greater than those based on modern era abundance data, which suggested that only 7 of 13 populations declined over the last five decades. Populations of larger‐bodied fish have declined the most in abundance, likely because of size‐selective commercial fisheries. Our findings illustrate how a deep historical perspective can expand our understanding of past abundances to a time before species incurred significant losses from fishing, and help inform conservation for diminished populations.
The availability of open‐access videos offered by dental schools
Authors: Dias da Silva Marco Antonio , Pereira Andresa Costa , Walmsley Anthony Damien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Internet has become an established learning tool in dental education where students can access online videos on a range of dental subjects. However, finding reliable peer‐reviewed content is not straightforward.AimTo evaluate the video content offered by UK and Republic of Ireland (RoI) Dental Schools on their YouTube channels and public websites.MethodsFree videos offered on UK and RoI Dental schools websites and YouTube channels were watched and set according to its purpose, as educational or non‐educational. The number of views, length, category and date of publication were analysed.ResultsA total of 627 videos offered by dental courses were evaluated. Videos were available on 83% of the websites, but only 9% was educational content. Dental courses YouTube channels received more than 2.3 million views, but less than 5% of the material offered is educational. Instructional videos found on the websites (3.2 min) were shorter than those found on YouTube (8.5 min) (P = .03). The majority of the videos, provided by Universities, were not educational and focused on promoting the dental courses. Most websites have demonstrated a password‐protected area where quality content may be offered.ConclusionStudents wishing to watch instructional videos will find limited educational content provided by UK and RoI dental courses. Therefore, they are likely to access course‐related material elsewhere on the Internet that may not be necessarily peer‐reviewed.
Axonal projection‐specific differences in somatodendritic α2 autoreceptor function in locus coeruleus neurons
Authors: Wagner‐Altendorf Tobias A. , Fischer Beatrice , Roeper Jochen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe locus coeruleus (LC) contains the majority of central noradrenergic neurons sending wide projections throughout the entire CNS. The LC is considered to be essential for multiple key brain functions including arousal, attention and adaptive stress responses as well as higher cognitive functions and memory. Electrophysiological studies of LC neurons have identified several characteristic functional features such as low‐frequency pacemaker activity with broad action potentials, transient high‐frequency burst discharges in response to salient stimuli and an apparently homogeneous inhibition of firing by activation of somatodendritic α2 autoreceptors (α2AR). While stress‐mediated plasticity of the α2AR response has been described, it is currently unclear whether different LC neurons projecting to distinct axonal targets display differences in α2AR function. Using fluorescent beads‐mediated retrograde tracing in adult C57Bl6/N mice, we compared the anatomical distributions and functional in vitro properties of identified LC neurons projecting either to medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus or cerebellum. The functional in vitro analysis of LC neurons confirmed their mostly uniform functional properties regarding action potential generation and pacemaker firing. However, we identified significant differences in tonic and evoked α2AR‐mediated responses. While hippocampal‐projecting LC neurons were partially inhibited by endogenous levels of norepinephrine and almost completely silenced by application of saturating concentrations of the α2 agonist clonidine, prefrontal‐projecting LC neurons were not affected by endogenous levels of norepinephrine and only partially inhibited by saturating concentrations of clonidine. Thus, we identified a limited α2AR control of electrical activity for prefrontal‐projecting LC neurons indicative of functional heterogeneity in the LC‐noradrenergic system.
Microstimulation of primate neocortex targeting striosomes induces negative decision‐making
Authors: Amemori Satoko , Amemori Ken‐ichi , Yoshida Tomoko , Papageorgiou Georgios K. , Xu Rui , Shimazu Hideki , Desimone Robert , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere, we combined MRI‐guided electrical microstimulation and viral tracing to examine the function of a corticostriatal circuit implicated by previous cortical microstimulation as modulating affective judgment and decision‐making. Local microstimulation of a small part of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) was found to increase avoidance decisions in a cost‐benefit decision‐making task (Ap‐Av task) in which differing amounts of “good” and “bad” options were given simultaneously. No effect of such stimulation was found when the monkeys performed a task in which both offers were rewarding, but given in different amounts. We asked whether we could identify the targets of such corticostriatal circuits when the cortical microstimulation sites were explicitly identified as affecting approach or avoidance in the Ap‐Av task. We explored the pACC and caudal orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC) to look for such sites. For each cortical region, we found sites at which microstimulation induced increased avoidance behavior. After identifying these sites, we injected viral tracers carrying constructs allowing subsequent track‐tracing post‐mortem. For each site identified behaviorally as increasing avoidance choices, we found strong fiber projections to the anterior striatum with large parts of these targeting striosomes subsequently identified by serial section immunohistochemistry. With fMRI, we demonstrated that microstimulation in an anesthetized monkey at sites pre‐identified as affecting Ap‐Av choices induced blood oxygen level dependent activation of the anterior striatum, confirming that the microstimulation method that we applied was effective in activating the striatum. These findings outline circuits leading from pACC/cOFC to striosomes and causally modulating decision‐making under emotional conflict.
Ln‐γ 2 chain of laminin‐332 is a useful marker in differentiating between benign and malignant sclerosing adnexal neoplasms
Authors: Koga Kaori , Anan Takashi , Fukumoto Takaya , Fujimoto Masakazu , Nabeshima Kazuki 
Published: August 2019

AimsLaminin (Ln)‐γ 2, one of the chains of Ln‐332, is a marker of invasive tumours and is frequently expressed as a monomer in malignant tumours. Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (DTE), some types of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (infiltrating and morphoeic BCC) and microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) belong to a group of tumours known as sclerosing adnexal neoplasms (SAN) that are frequently difficult to differentiate and often require immunohistochemistry for diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of Ln‐γ 2 expression in the differential diagnosis of DTE, infiltrating/morphoeic BCC, MAC and syringoma.Methods and resultsIn this study, we compared the expression of Ln‐γ 2 in infiltrating/morphoeic BCC (n = 28), DTE (n = 26), MAC (n = 10) and syringoma (n = 20). Immunohistochemically, Ln‐γ 2 positivity was noted in 96% (27 cases) of infiltrating/morphoeic BCC and 90% (nine cases) of MAC, while all DTE and syringoma cases were negative. Furthermore, Ln‐γ 2 expression pattern in infiltrating/morphoeic BCC was different from that in MAC. Ln‐γ 2 expression was found in the cytoplasm of tumour cells in infiltrating/morphoeic BCC tumour cells, while in MAC linear expression was noted both along tumour nests and in the cytoplasm.ConclusionLn‐γ 2 is a helpful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of SAN.
Alendronate inhibits osteocyte apoptosis and inflammation via IL‐6, inhibiting bone resorption in periapical lesions of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Silva R. A. B. , Sousa‐Pereira A. P. , Lucisano M. P. , Romualdo P. C. , Paula‐Silva F. W. G. , Consolaro A. , Silva L. A. B. , Nelson‐Filho P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of alendronate (ALN) on the development of periapical lesions induced in ovariectomized rats.MethodologyTwenty‐five rats were divided into three groups: sham (control), ovariectomy (OVX) and OVX + ALN. One day after OVX, animals from the OVX + ALN group received the medication via gavage. After 9 weeks, the first molars of all animals were submitted to periapical lesion induction. After 21 days, the animals were euthanized. Femurs were analysed for bone mineral density. The blocks of bone tissue containing the mandibular first molars were submitted to histotechnical processing and staining with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) for periapical lesion analysis under conventional microscopy. At the same time, the morphometric analysis of the periapical lesion area was performed in the fluorescence mode, as well as the histoenzimology for the quantification of osteoclasts and 4′‐6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining for the quantification of apoptotic osteocytes. In addition, the first maxillary molars were used for analysis of the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and osteoclastogenesis markers (RANKL/OPG). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests and Tukey and Dunn post‐tests (significance level of 5%).ResultsOvariectomy reduced bone mineral density of the femur, and treatment with ALN was able to prevent bone loss (P < 0.001). Regarding the microscopic analysis of the periapical region, the sham and OVX + ALN groups had moderately increased periodontal ligament and inflammatory infiltrate, while the OVX group had these parameters increased intensely. The periapical lesions of the OVX group were significantly larger in area in comparison to the other groups (P < 0.001). The OVX group had the largest amount of apoptotic osteocytes, and ALN was able to prevent the apoptosis of these cells, in addition to significantly reducing IL‐6 expression (P < 0.05). OVX and ALN had no effect on RANKL/OPG expression and did not influence the number of osteoclasts around the periapical lesion (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe hypoestrogenic condition induced by OVX aggravated bone resorption, inducing the death of osteocytes and provoking larger periapical lesions. ALN treatment inhibited osteocyte apoptosis and inflammation via IL‐6, inhibiting bone resorption in periapical lesions of ovariectomized rats.
The molecular mechanism underlying GABAergic dysfunction in nucleus accumbens of depression‐like behaviours in mice
Authors: Ma Ke , Zhang Hongxiu , Wang Shiyuan , Wang Huaxin , Wang Yuan , Liu Juhai , Song Xiaobin , Dong Zhenfei , Han Xiaochun , Zhang Yanan , Li Honglei , Rahaman Abdul , Wang Shijun , Baloch Zulqarnain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDepression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder in the world. Recent evidence has shown that stress‐induced GABAergic dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) contributed to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes remain unclear. In this study, mice were constantly treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) till showing depression‐like behaviours expression. GABA synthesis, release and uptake in the NAc tissue were assessed by analysing the expression level of genes and proteins of Gad‐1, VGAT and GAT‐3 by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. The miRNA/mRNA network regulating GABA was constructed based on the bioinformatics prediction software and further validated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay in vitro and qRT‐PCR in vivo, respectively. Our results showed that the expression level of GAT‐3, Gad‐1 and VGAT mRNA and protein significantly decreased in the NAc tissue from CUMS‐induced depression‐like mice than that of control mice. However, miRNA‐144‐3p, miRNA‐879‐5p, miR‐15b‐5p and miRNA‐582‐5p that directly down‐regulated the expression of Gad‐1, VGAT and GAT‐3 were increased. In the mRNA/miRNA regulatory GABA network, Gad‐1 and VGAT were directly regulated by binding seed sequence of miR‐144‐3p, and miR‐15b‐5p, miR‐879‐5p could be served negative post‐regulators by binding to the different sites of VGAT 3′‐UTR. Chronic stress causes the impaired GABA synthesis, release and uptake by up‐regulating miRNAs and down‐regulating mRNAs and proteins, which may reveal the molecular mechanisms for the decreased GABA concentrations in the NAc tissue of CUMS‐induced depression.
A General Framework for the Validation of Embedded Formative Assessment
Authors: Hopster‐den Otter Dorien , Wools Saskia , Eggen Theo J. H. M. , Veldkamp Bernard P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn educational practice, test results are used for several purposes. However, validity research is especially focused on the validity of summative assessment. This article aimed to provide a general framework for validating formative assessment. The authors applied the argument‐based approach to validation to the context of formative assessment. This resulted in a proposed interpretation and use argument consisting of a score interpretation and a score use. The former involves inferences linking specific task performance to an interpretation of a student's general performance. The latter involves inferences regarding decisions about actions and educational consequences. The validity argument should focus on critical claims regarding score interpretation and score use, since both are critical to the effectiveness of formative assessment. The proposed framework is illustrated by an operational example including a presentation of evidence that can be collected on the basis of the framework.
Examining Psychometric Properties and Level Classification of the van Hiele Geometry Test Using CTT and CDM Frameworks
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hsin , Senk Sharon L. , Thompson Denisse R. , Voogt Kevin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe van Hiele theory and van Hiele Geometry Test have been extensively used in mathematics assessments across countries. The purpose of this study is to use classical test theory (CTT) and cognitive diagnostic modeling (CDM) frameworks to examine psychometric properties of the van Hiele Geometry Test and to compare how various classification criteria assign van Hiele levels to students. The findings support the hierarchical property of the van Hiele theory and levels. Using conventional and combined criteria to determine mastery of a level, the percentages of students classified into an overall level were relatively high. Although some items had aberrant difficulties and low item discrimination, varied selection of the criteria across levels improved item discrimination power, especially for those items with low item discrimination index (IDI) estimates. Based on the findings, we identify items on the van Hiele Geometry Test that might be revised and we suggest changes to classification criteria to increase the number of students who can be assigned an overall level of geometry thinking according to the theory. As a result, practitioners and researchers may be better positioned to use the van Hiele Geometry Test for classroom assessment.
Changes in distribution, morphology and ultrastructure of chloride cell in Atlantic salmon during an AGD infection
Authors: Chang Yao‐Chung , Hamlin‐Wright Harry , Monaghan Sean , Herath Tharangani , Baily Johanna , del Pozo Jorge , Downes Jamie , Preston Andrew , Chalmers Lynn , Jayasuriya Nilantha , Bron James E. , Adams Alexandra , Fridman Sophie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmoebic gill disease (AGD) is emerging as one of the most significant health challenges affecting farmed Atlantic salmon in the marine environment. It is caused by the amphizoic amoeba Neoparamoeba perurans, with infestation of gills causing severe hyperplastic lesions, compromising overall gill integrity and function. This study used histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry and transcript expression to relate AGD‐associated pathological changes to changes in the morphology and distribution of chloride cells (CCs) in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) showing the progression of an AGD infection. A marked reduction in numbers of immunolabelled CCs was detected, and a changing pattern in distribution and morphology was closely linked with the level of basal epithelial hyperplasia in the gill. In addition, acute degenerative ultrastructural changes to CCs at the lesion site were observed with TEM. These findings were supported by the early‐onset downregulation of Na+/K+‐ATPase transcript expression. This study provides supportive evidence that histological AGD lesion assessment was a good qualitative tool for AGD scoring and corresponded well with qPCR genomic Paramoeba perurans quantification. Ultrastructural changes induced in salmon CCs as a result of AGD are reported here for the first time.
Congenital jugular vein phlebectasia or aneurysma: A rare entity in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: D'Ambrosio Valentina , Corno Sara , Pajno Cristina , Vena Flaminia , Ventriglia Flavia , Manganaro Lucia , Brunelli Roberto , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Giancotti Antonella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVascular malformations arising from the wall of the external jugular vein are rare and appeared most commonly in pediatric population. Here, we present a case of vascular malformation in the left external jugular vein diagnosed in a fetus during third trimester ultrasound. This is the first described case in prenatal diagnosis.
Feeling exhausted or vigorous in anticipation of high workload? The role of worry and planning during the evening
Authors: Casper Anne , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: August 2019

In this diary study, we focused on the anticipatory phase of the stress process. We investigated how work‐related worry and planning during the evening relate to next‐morning exhaustion and vigour, respectively. Moreover, we examined how afternoon workload anticipation is related to next‐morning exhaustion versus next‐morning vigour, depending on worry and planning in the evening. A sample of 112 employees took part in a daily diary study with three daily measurement occasions over two consecutive workweeks. Results of multilevel regression analyses showed that work‐related worry during the evening was positively related to next‐morning exhaustion. Moreover, worry interacted with workload anticipation in predicting next‐morning exhaustion: On days when worry was high, workload anticipation was positively related to next‐morning exhaustion. Work‐related planning was not related to next‐morning vigour and did not interact with workload anticipation in predicting next‐morning vigour. Our study suggests that work‐related worry is an important factor in the anticipatory phase of the stress process.Practitioner points

On days when employees worry about their next workday during the evening, high workload may already be associated with employees’ well‐being even before employees are facing it.

Worry about one’s next workday is associated with lower well‐being in the next morning, while planning one’s next workday is not associated with next‐morning well‐being.

In anticipation of high workload, employees should refrain from worry about work during leisure time, for instance by engaging in absorbing leisure activities.