bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of digital capital for social inclusion in educational context
Authors: Cortoni Ida 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on one of the aspects most investigated and monitored in recent years by the Digital Economy and Society Index on the digitisation process in Europe—human capital, with an in‐depth focus on primary school teachers. Human capital is one dimension underlying school digital capital, closely related to integrating digital into daily practices. Starting from this framework, the paper will present the results of a survey on the digital competencies of teachers from five European countries (Italy, Spain, Lithuania, Romania and Poland), carried out in the framework of the European project Erasmus+ CAVE (Communication and Visual Education in homeschooling). This survey is preparatory to a training intervention and didactic experimentation on digital education, foreseen in the project, and used as a theoretical framework of reference for the DigCompEdu survey, promoted by the European Commission. The teachers' profiles, as the output of the research, will be able to give stakeholders a picture of the investment of schools and teachers, in terms of the application of digital competencies on different educational processes: classroom teaching, assessment, professional training, preparation of teaching materials for the lesson and the implementation of competencies, including digital ones, of students.
Study of functional lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery using new ionizable tocopherol derivatives
Authors: Choi Minyoung , Jung Onesun , Lee Eunjung , Choi Joon Sig 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, tocopherol‐derived ionizable lipids were synthesized to create functional lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Tocopherol succinate is considered a biocompatible material because it has anti‐cancer effects and degrades into vitamin E in the body. Two types of new ionizable tocopherol derivative lipids (DMT and AIT) were synthesized by introducing ionizable functional groups. The synthesized tocopherol lipids were used to make lipid nanoparticles with helper lipid, cholesterol, and PEG‐DMG. The DMT LNP showed high mRNA encapsulation efficiency. Using HeLa cell lines, it was confirmed that gene transfection efficiency was increased approximately 2‐fold in DMT LNP‐treated cells compared to that of MC3 LNP. The two types of tocopherol derivative lipids exhibited high cell viability of over 90%, confirming very low levels of toxicity. The results of this study confirmed that lipid nanoparticles using newly developed ionizable tocopherol derivatives have potential as biocompatible and effective mRNA delivery vehicles.
Four Tremulanes and Two Pyroglutamate‐Containing Dipeptides from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. P11
Authors: Yuan Yong‐Cong , Li Jun‐Sheng , Shen Li , Wu Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFour new tremulane sesquiterpenes, named phaeosphaerienols A–D (1–4), and two new pyroglutamate‐containing dipeptides, named phaeosphaeratides A–B (5–6), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phaeosphaeriopsis sp. P11, together with a new 2‐furancarboxylic acid derivative (7). Structurally, pheaosphaerienols A–C (1–3) are rare tremulanes containing a 1,10‐epoxide moiety. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive NMR spectroscopic data, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and Marfey's derivatization method. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic, antibacterial, and DPPH free radical scavenging effects. However, none of the compounds exhibited obvious activities.
A Rapid and Sensitive MicroPlate Assay (MPSA) Using an Alkyne‐Modified CMP‐Sialic Acid Donor to Evaluate Human Sialyltransferase Specificity
Authors: Clairene Filipe Kiamungongo , Dangudubiyyam Sushmaa , Lion Cédric , Decloquement Mathieu , Elin Teppa Roxana , Biot Christophe , Harduin‐Lepers Anne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman sialyltransferases primarily utilize CMP‐Sias, especially transferring Neu5Ac from CMP‐Neu5Ac to various acceptors. Advances in chemical biology have led to the synthesis of novel CMP‐Sia donors suitable for bioorthogonal reactions in cell‐based assays. However, the compatibility of these donors with all human enzymes remains uncertain. We synthesized a non‐natural CMP‐Sia donor with an alkyne modification on the N‐acyl group of Neu5Ac, which was effectively used by human ST6Gal I and ST3Gal I. A sensitive MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay (MPSA) was developed and expanded to a panel of 13 human STs acting on glycoproteins. All assayed enzymes tolerated CMP‐SiaNAl, allowing for the determination of kinetic parameters and turnover numbers. This study enhances the biochemical characterization of human sialyltransferases and opens new avenues for developing sialyltransferase inhibitors.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Selective Fluorine Incorporation by Anthraquinone‐Based Covalent Organic Framework as Recyclable Photocatalyst
Authors: Jati Ayan , Das Sumeet Kumar , Shukla Amrendra Nath , Maji Biplab 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) serve as an excellent foundation for heterogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, we synthesized an anthraquinone‐based COF (TpAQ) on a gram scale via a mechanochemical grinding pathway. This COF was employed as a visible‐light‐harvesting photocatalyst for selective fluorination of benzylic C─H bonds and perfluoroalkylation of arenes. The carbonyl core in the anthraquinone linker facilitated benzylic fluorination through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway. Control experiments and photophysical analysis were conducted to gain deeper insight into the reaction mechanism. The recyclability up to the fifth cycle without significant loss of yield (>90%) highlighted the robustness of the catalyst. This reaction strategy was also executed on a gram scale to validate the scalability of the protocol.
Surface‐Engineered Pt‐Ni(111) Nanocatalysts for Boosting Their ORR Performance via Thermal Treatment
Authors: Li Can , Chen Xiaobo , Pan Jinfong , Zhou Guangwen , Fang Jiye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for fuel cell application, and modifying surface structures of electrocatalysts has proven effective in improving their catalytic performances. In this study, we investigated surface‐engineered Pt−Ni nano‐octahedra subjected to annealing in various atmospheres. All octahedral nanocrystals retained their Pt−Ni {111} facets at an elevated temperature following the annealing treatments. Air annealing led to the formation of nickel‐rich shells on the Pt−Ni surface. In contrast, hydrogen (H₂) as a reducing gas facilitated the reduction of surface Ni species, incorporating them into the Pt−Ni bulk alloy, which resulted in superior mass activity and specific activity for ORR‐approximately 2.4 and 2.3 times as high as those from the unmodified counterpart, respectively. After 20,000 potential cycles, the H₂/Ar‐annealed Pt−Ni nano‐octahedra maintained a mass activity of 3.92 A/
, surpassing the initial mass activity of the unannealed counterparts (2.95 A/
). These findings demonstrate a viable approach for tailoring catalyst surfaces to enhance performance in various energy storage and conversion applications.
AuAg plasmonic nanoalloys with asymmetric charge distribution on CeO2 nanorods for selective photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CH4 conversion
Authors: Yan Bo‐Hua , Xu Bao‐Rong , Jin Yu , Xiao Hang , Luo Shi‐Cheng , Duan Rui‐Huan , Li He , Yan Xiao‐Qing , Lin Bo , Yang Gui‐Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConverting CO2 under mild conditions by employing semiconductor photocatalysts is promising to address global environmental issues. However, the current CO2 conversion efficiency is limited by the difficulty activating the thermodynamically stable CO2 molecules. Constructing plasmonic nanoalloy‐based photocatalytic systems with significant localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is full of potential but remains a vast challenge. In this work, AuAg plasmonic nanoalloys were incorporated on CeO2 nanorods (designated as AuAg–CeO2) to achieve selective photoreduction of CO2. The result displays that Ag can serve as a superior electron modifier to promote the electron enrichment of Au, thus producing asymmetric charge distributions to boost the selective conversion of CO2. Furthermore, the improved LSPR effect on AuAg–CeO2 induces the generation of high‐energy hot electrons under irradiation, enhancing the reactivity of electrons for CO2 photoreduction. Due to the aforementioned effects, AuAg–CeO2 exhibits a high CO2‐to‐CH4 performance of 92.6 μmol g−1 through a 3‐h test and a high CH4 selectivity of 94.5%, up to 2.6, 8.7, and 17.1 times higher than the activity of Au–CeO2, pure CeO2, and Ag–CeO2, respectively. This work can provide a new perspective for constructing high‐performance catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Review of Catalytic Electrodes Containing Iron‐Cobalt‐Nickel Composite Components for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Du Ming , Lv Xiao , Yong Cao Zhi , Jun Wang Qi , Qu Jun‐e 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐based electrocatalytic materials for hydrogen production through water splitting offer advantages in terms of price and availability compared to noble metal‐based catalysts, among which, Fe‐, Co‐, and Ni‐based compounds are the most typical and widely studied materials. Utilizing the synergistic effects between composite components in compounds containing multiple metal elements is an important way to improve the catalytic performance of catalysts, so developing ternary or multiple active center catalysts containing Fe, Co, and Ni is a promising direction. In this mini‐review, we provide an summary of the latest achievements of water splitting catalyst materials simultaneously containing Fe, Co, and Ni elements. It was summarized according to several groups including compounds of boron‐/carbon‐/nitrogen‐/phosphorus‐/oxygen‐group elements, metal‐organic framework‐based compounds, and compounds in situ grown from alloy matrix. Also challenges that need to be addressed are presented at the end of the article.
Efficient Hydrocracking of Waste Polyethylene into Branched Liquid Fuels over Low Pt‐loaded Nb2O5 Catalyst
Authors: Lu Shenglu , Liu Xiaohui , Guo Yong , Wang Yanqin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCatalytic hydrocracking of polyethylene to branched liquid fuels has drawn particular attention. Here, bifunctional Pt/Nb2O5 catalysts with different Pt loadings were prepared for polyethylene hydrocracking. It was found that the low‐loading Pt/Nb2O5 catalysts exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity than those of high‐loading Pt/Nb2O5 catalysts, with the 0.2Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst having the best catalytic performance (79.2 % yield of liquid fuels (C5−C19) with branched alkanes accounting for 85.2 %). Detailed characterizations revealed that the activation of H2 played a crucial role in the efficient hydrocracking of polyethylene. The 0.2Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst, with highly dispersed Pt nanoclusters on the surface, facilitated the highly active Hδ− species formation, thereby enhancing hydrocracking activity. This work highlights the importance of H2 activation in the hydrocracking of polyethylene and provides insights for the design of efficient catalysts.
The role of microglia in neurocognitive deficits induced by general anaesthetic agents during neurodevelopment
Authors: Liang Xinyue , Fang Fang , Wang Xiaoqing , Jiang Ming , Cang Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMicroglia are the innate immune cells of central nervous system which play critical roles in brain homeostasis. Recently, the effects of general anesthetic agents (GAAs) on microglia and their potential neurotoxicity in neurodevelopment have attracted the attention of anesthesiologists and neuroscientists.MethodsHere, we review the physiology of microglia in neurodevelopment, the potential mechanisms of GAAs on microglia and the consequent changes in microglial function.OutcomesMicroglia‐mediated neuroinflammation is a key mechanism of neurocognitive deficits during neurodevelopment. In addition, microglia could be primed by active inflammatory processes and have innate immune memory, both of which make them a potential candidate responsible of long‐term neural deficits.ConclusionThis review aims in summarizing the in vivo and in vitro studies associating microglia with general anesthesia and describing how GAAs induce neurocognitive deficits via microglia to further explore the effects of GAAs on neurodevelopment.
Rapid and Effective Determination of Ethyl Glucuronide in Hair by Micro Extraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Odoardi Sara , Mestria Serena , Valentini Valeria , Biosa Giulia , Rossi Sabina Strano 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEthyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair is a reliable biomarker of alcohol consumption habits. Due to its small concentration incorporated into hair, analytical methods sensitive enough to reliably quantify EtG in this matrix are required. Sample preparation is critical in hair analysis, especially for EtG, for which extraction efficiency and matrix effect can strongly influence the results; furthermore, miniaturized methods are sought, to reduce solvent use and times of sample preparation. A micro extraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure coupled to a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantitation of EtG in human hair samples. Fifty milligrams of hair samples were cut into snippets and extracted in water. The cleanup of the extract was carried out by using a MEPS syringe packed with anion exchange sorbent (SAX); all parameters for conditioning, washing, loading and eluting steps were optimized and the eluted aqueous volume was directly injected in the LC–MS/MS system operating in the negative ionization mode. The method was fully validated assessing LOD, LOQ, calibration curve, repeatability, accuracy, matrix effect and carryover. The method was subsequently applied to QCs and authentic hair samples. The developed MEPS method is quick and effective, with low solvent purchase and discard costs, allowing the differentiation between social drinkers and chronic excessive alcohol consumers, according to the cut‐offs established by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT).
Hypolith Distribution Within a Dewy Drainage Basin: Possible Link to Dew or Rather to Rain?
Authors: Kidron Giora J. , Kronenfeld Rafael , Starinsky Abraham , McKay Christopher 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe water source of hypoliths is a matter of controversy, with some scholars advocating the role of nonrainfall water (NRW), principally dew or fog as the main water sources, while others maintain that it is rain. In the Negev Highlands, where lichens cover > 90% of the upper surfaces of cobblestones, hypoliths may also reside on the undersides of these cobblestones. In an attempt to evaluate the possible role of rain, dew and fog, the abundance, cover and chlorophyll content of the hypoliths on 10–20 cm × 5–10 cm cobblestones was measured at five slope locations at the hilltop (HT) and the upper parts of the north‐facing (NF), south‐facing (SF), east‐facing (EF) and west‐facing (WF) slopes, which were characterised by contrasting abiotic conditions. Within each slope location, 50 and 10 cobblestones were randomly, respectively, collected to evaluate the abundance and cover and to measure their chlorophyll content. In addition, field measurements were conducted to evaluate the ability of rain, dew and fog to wet the hypoliths. Our results indicate that (a) hypoliths were confined to cobblestones lying loosely on the ground; (b) while similar chlorophyll content characterised patches with hypoliths at all slope locations, their abundance and cover were the highest at NF and WF, followed by HT, with SF and EF exhibiting the lowest values; (c) our measurements did not show direct wetting by dew, fog or rain. We therefore suggest that distillation may be the main source of water. Our suggestion implies that a reduction in rain, but even more importantly, elevated nocturnal temperatures during the rainy period, may have a great negative effect on the hypolithic population.
Mesopredator release moderates trophic control of plant biomass in a Georgia salt marsh
Authors: Morton Joseph P. , Hensel Marc J. S. , DeLaMater David S. , Angelini Christine , Atkins Rebecca L. , Prince Kimberly D. , Williams Sydney L. , Boyd Anjali D. , Parsons Jennifer , Resetarits Emlyn J. , Smith Carter S. , Valdez Stephanie , Monnet Evan , Farhan Roxanne , Mobilian Courtney , Renzi Julianna , Smith Dontrece , Craft Christopher , Byers James E. , Alber Merryl , Pennings Steven C. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPredators regulate communities through top‐down control in many ecosystems. Because most studies of top‐down control last less than a year and focus on only a subset of the community, they may miss predator effects that manifest at longer timescales or across whole food webs. In southeastern US salt marshes, short‐term and small‐scale experiments indicate that nektonic predators (e.g., blue crab, fish, terrapins) facilitate the foundational grass, Spartina alterniflora, by consuming herbivorous snails and crabs. To test both how nekton affect marsh processes when the entire animal community is present, and how prior results scale over time, we conducted a 3‐year nekton exclusion experiment in a Georgia salt marsh using replicated 19.6 m2 plots. Our nekton exclusions increased densities of plant‐grazing snails and juvenile deposit‐feeding fiddler crab and, in Year 2, reduced predation on tethered juvenile snails, indicating that nektonic predators control these key macroinvertebrates. However, in Year 3, densities of mesopredatory benthic mud crabs increased threefold in nekton exclusions, erasing the tethered snails' predation refuge. Nekton exclusion had no effect on Spartina biomass, likely because the observed mesopredator release suppressed grazing snail densities and elevated densities of fiddler crabs, whose burrowing alleviates soil stresses. Structural equation modeling supported the hypotheses that nektonic predators and mesopredators control invertebrate communities, with nektonic predators having stronger total effects on Spartina than mud crabs by controlling densities of species that both suppress (grazers) and facilitate (fiddler crabs) plant growth. These findings highlight that salt marshes can be resilient to multiyear reductions in nektonic predators if mesopredators are present and that multiple pathways of trophic control manifest in different ways over time to mediate community dynamics. These results highlight that larger scale and longer‐term experiments can illuminate community dynamics not previously understood, even in well‐studied ecosystems such as salt marshes.
Mechanisms of Separation of the Elastic Step and the Thermal Step
Authors: Miyashita Seiji , Nishino Masamichi , Enachescu Cristian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe elastic interaction causes a two‐step conversion from the low‐spin (LS) to the high‐spin state (HS) following a femtosecond laser pulse excitation. These steps occur on different timescales: a spin conversion (elastic step) in a short time due to pressure propagation and a late spin conversion (thermal step) resulting from heat diffusion. In this paper, we provide a brief review of models for spin crossover phenomena, emphasizing the role of the difference of degeneracy of the HS state and LS state and elastic interaction due to changes in local structures. We also review theoretical approaches to these effects. Additionally, to analyze the dynamical process of spin conversion after photo‐irradiation, it is necessary to consider mechanisms of heat transfer among spins. Recently, we proposed a two‐temperature model that incorporates both lattice and spin temperatures, which enables us to reproduce the two steps under an early uniformization of the lattice temperature, highlighting the importance of the timescales of these processes. Furthermore, we explore possible mechanisms to separate the two steps by examining the different timescales of processes of spin conversions by mechanical and entropic forces, and also by considering changes of local temperature due to spin conversion.
Electroextraction of Large Volume Samples Using Paper Points Coupled With Hollow Fiber Membranes: Study of Parameters and Strategies to Enhance Analytical Performance
Authors: Orlando Ricardo Mathias , Dvořák Miloš , Kubáň Pavel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTElectroextraction (EE) encompasses a range of sample preparation methods whose effectiveness, selectivity, and efficiency are significantly influenced by the physical‐chemical characteristics of analytes, samples, and instrumental conditions. This article explores, for the first time, various strategies aimed at enhancing the extraction efficiency of a recent approach of EE utilizing a paper point (PP) combined with a hollow fiber (HF) (abbreviated as PP‐HF‐EE) to extract various cationic and anionic model compounds from water samples. The study also explores, experimentally, the impact of agitation, organic filter composition, PP diameter, and PP brand on extraction performance, and proves that all these factors are quite important, especially when digital image analysis is utilized for determination. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the ease and feasibility of simultaneously extracting cations and anions using PP‐HF‐EE and proposes a straightforward method to enhance analyte concentration on the vertex of the PP through a base‐to‐vertex focusing. Lastly, it is demonstrated, using capillary electrophoresis coupled to a UV‐Vis detector, that for PP‐HF‐EE, the extraction efficiency and pre‐concentration factor are less dependent on other parameters when multiple PPs per sample are utilized, with signal enhancement values of up to 111 and 339 for nortriptyline and haloperidol, respectively. All the findings and strategies presented herein constitute significant contributions that can facilitate future research in method development, particularly in the utilization of PP‐HF‐EE and similar EE approaches.
Automated detection of stale beef from electronic nose data
Authors: Jia Wenshen , Lv Haolin , Liu Yang , Zhou Wei , Qin Yingdong , Ma Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate detection of stale beef on the market is important for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. To this end, we combined electronic nose measurements with machine learning technology to classify beef samples. We used an electronic nose to collect information about the odor characteristics of different beef samples and used linear discriminant analysis to reduce data dimensionality. We then classified samples using the following algorithms: extreme gradient boosting, logistic regression, K‐nearest neighbor, random forest, support vector machine, and neural networks for pattern recognition. We assessed model performance using a 10‐fold cross‐validation technique. All these methods reached an accuracy of 95% or above, with F1 scores and AUC values above 0.96. The support vector machine algorithm outperformed all other models, achieving perfect recognition with 100% accuracy and F1/AUC scores of 1.0. Our study demonstrates that electronic nose data combined with support vector machine can be used to successfully discriminate between stale and fresh beef, paving the way for novel research directions in the detection of stale beef.