bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current sedation practices for non-invasive procedures in tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals in China: a 5-year update
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Ruidong , Huang Yanhui , Wang Lu , Zhang Mazhong , Zheng Jijian 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSedation techniques can ease anxiety during medical procedures for children. Our previous report on Chinese sedation practices for non-invasive procedures in 2018 is outdated due to the rapid development of sedation services. This study provides an updated report on sedation practices for non-invasive procedures in China.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Questionnaires were sent to tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals nationwide through the WeChat Mini Program. The survey questioned the location and caseloads of hospitals providing sedation services, support facilities, contraindications, fasting practices, sedation regimens, monitoring practices, staff structure, certification requirements for sedation providers and quality control data.ResultsProcedural sedation for non-invasive procedures were provided in 88 of 114 hospitals. These hospitals are located across the country except Heilongjiang province and the Tibet Autonomous Region. Compared with previous reports, significant increases were found in the number of hospitals providing sedation services, dedicated sedation rooms and recovery rooms and full-time sedation providers. Most hospitals advocated the 2-4-6 rule for pre-sedation fasting. Dexmedetomidine was the most used first-choice sedative. Anaesthesiologists remain the primary sedation providers, but nurses are also important. The most mentioned qualification requirements for sedation providers were a professional title of attending doctor, ≥5 years of working experience in paediatric anaesthesia and paediatric advanced life support certification. Sedation service records were used in 83 hospitals, but only 42 and 39 recorded success rates and adverse events, respectively.ConclusionsSedation services for non-invasive procedures are available in most areas of China. More hospitals now provide sedation services and full-time sedation providers. Supporting facilities and sedation regimens have improved. Non-anaesthesiologist sedation providers are important at current stage, developing training programmes for them may be necessary. Attention should be focused on quality control and improvement of sedation services.
Antibiotic prescribing practices according to the AWaRe classification among children under 5 of age attending public primary care centres in four West African countries: a cross-sectional study (AIRE project, 2021–2022)
Authors: Gres Emelyne , Diallo Ibrahima Sory , Besnier Cédric , Diakité Abdoul Aziz , Zair Zineb , Ouédraogo Yugbaré Solange , Hedible Gildas Boris , Sawadogo Abdoul Guaniyi , Kargougou Désiré , Kolié Jacques Séraphin , Meda Bertrand , Busière Sandrine , Lamontagne Franck , Ridde Valéry , Leroy Valeriane 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo describe antibiotic prescribing practices using the WHO AWaRe (Access,Watch,Reserve) classification in West African children under 5 years of age attending public primary health centres (PHCs).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe AIRE project implemented the systematic use of pulse oximetry into integrated management of childhood illness consultations in West African countries (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger). We described antibiotic prescriptions for outpatient children at 16 PHCs and for severe cases referred at district hospitals.PatientsBetween 14 June 2021 and 19 June 2022, 15 854 outpatients were included: 968 neonates and young infants (0–28 days) and 14 886 children (2–59 months). Among them, 78 (8.1%) neonates and young infants and 385 (2.6%) children were hospitalised. We evaluated 58 hospitalised neonates and young infants and 275 hospitalised children, respectively.Main outcome measuresFrequency of antibiotic prescriptions according to the AWaRe classification recommended by WHO.ResultsAt the PHC level, proportions of neonates and young infants with ≥1 antibiotic prescription were 83%, 62%, 71% and 59% in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger, respectively. A total of 805 antibiotics were prescribed (85%Accessand 13%Watch). The proportions of children with ≥1 antibiotic prescription reached 71%, 66%, 63% and 36% in Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali and Niger, respectively. Out of the 9630 antibiotics prescribed, 93% wereAccess(mainly amoxicillin), and 7%Watch. At the hospital level,Watchantibiotics were mainly prescribed for severe cases referred. NoReserveantibiotics were prescribed.ConclusionsHigh proportions of antibiotics were prescribed to outpatient children included, the appropriateness of which needs further study. Nevertheless, in every country, the proportion prescribed in theAccessgroup reached the minimum threshold of 60% of all antibiotic prescriptions, as recommended by WHO.Trial registration numberPACTR202206525204526.
Characterization of the cardiac cycle in Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets
Authors: Singh Jyotpal , Carleton R. Nicholas , Kratzig Gregory P. , Neary J. Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) cadets experience high volumes of potentially psychologically traumatic events, suggesting a need of normal cardiac cycle interval data on the cadets for comparison. We characterize the cardiac cycle of incoming RCMP cadets starting the 26-week training program. The cadets collected their cardiac data using the LLA Recordis™ device. Male RCMP cadets had higher ( p < 0.05) myocardial and diastolic performance indices, aortic valve open to aortic twist time, and isovolumic relaxation time than female RCMP cadets. Monitoring the cardiac cycle intervals in RCMP cadets can provide insights into changes in their heart function from their occupational demands.
Are Water Indices Cointegrated with the World Water Markets? Evidence Based on an ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
Authors: Reza Rajibur , Tularam Gurudeo Anand , Li Bin 
Published: October 2024

Since the global privatization of the water sector, water investment opportunities have become much more sought after. This study investigates the link between four water indices (S-Network Global Water Index, World Water Index, S&P Global Water Index and MSCI ACWI Water Utilities Index) and four water markets (Asia, Europe, Latin America and the US), using daily data for the period January 2004 to October 2022. Utilizing the Johansen test for cointegration during the pre-Global Financial Crisis (GFC), GFC, post-GFC, COVID-19 and full-sample periods, we find the existence of cointegrating vectors in the different periods. The Granger causality approach within a cointegration framework also allows us to assess the dynamic linkages between the stock price indices of the four water indices and the four water markets. To further confirm the empirical results in the cointegration framework, we employ the autoregressive distributed lag-based bounds approach for a robustness check. The testing results confirm the presence of cointegration in different (pre-GFC, GFC, post-GFC, COVID-19 and full-sample) periods. The analysis of the different periods allows us to better understand the relationship between global water indices and world water markets, which has important implications for investments (such as portfolio diversification) in the global water sector.
Tooth Sensitivity Following Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching With and Without Ozone: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bin Hassan Saeed Awod 
Published: October 2024

Aims: The aim of this investigation was to assess bleaching sensitivity following bleaching using either 38% H2O2 only or 38% H2O2 followed by ozone application.Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical investigation, 80 participants (40 females and 40 males) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 40 each; 20 females and 20 males). The upper anterior teeth were bleached by 38% H2O2 for 20 min followed by ozone application for 60 s (healOzone X4, KaVo Dental, Biberach, Germany) in Group 1 (test group). Meanwhile, the bleaching protocol in Group 2 (controls) included the application of just 38% H2O2 for 20 min. Tooth sensitivity before and after bleaching was reported by the participants using a visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Significant statistical outcomes were identified at p < 0.05.Results: Bleaching sensitivity was reported following both tested bleaching protocols (p < 0.001). However, less bleaching sensitivity was reported when ozone was applied for 60 s after bleaching with 38% H2O2 (p < 0.001). Female participants reported more bleaching sensitivity regardless the applied bleaching protocol (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Bleaching protocols with 38% hydrogen peroxide were associated with less bleaching sensitivity when followed by ozone application on the teeth.
TH‐302: A Highly Selective Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug for Treating PARP Inhibitor–Resistant Cancers
Authors: Cheng Xiaobo , Xu Jing , Meng Fanying , Qi Tianyang , Wang Xiaotong , Chai Ranran , Lu Chong , Jin Guanqin , Zheng Kewei , Liu Xing , Wang Yizhi , Cai Xiaohong , Lu Zhaoqiang , Yu Jibing , Ruan Meizhen , Fan Jinwei , Qin Wei , Huang Qunhui , Zhang Yanjun , Li Anrong , Duan Jianxin , Kang Yu 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor has been widely used in ovarian cancer patients carrying BRCA mutations. However, resistance to PARP inhibitor is present in some patients, and no effective treatment is available for these patients. TH‐302 is a hypoxia‐activated prodrug, which releases the bis‐DNA alkylator bromo‐isophosphoramide mustard (Br‐IPM) under hypoxic condition. The present study aims to determine whether TH‐302 is effective in treating PARP inhibitor resistance.Methods: The in vitro cytotoxicity of TH‐302 was assessed by short‐term proliferation assay (50% inhibitory concentration, IC50) or long‐term clonogenic assay (90% inhibitory concentration, IC90) under various oxygen concentrations. In vivo efficacy of TH‐302 was assessed in PARP inhibitor resistance, partially responsive and sensitive patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) or cell line–derived xenograft (CDX) models. Antitumor activity via homologous recombination (HR) pathway for TH‐302 was evaluated using DLD1 BRCA2 knockout cell line and BRCA/RAD51D deleterious mutant PDX/CDX models. Breaks of double‐strand DNA and hypoxia fraction in tumors were determined by gamma histone 2AX (γH2AX) and pimonidazole immunohistochemistry in H460 CDX model following treatment.Results: Cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced under hypoxia in 12 human cancer cell lines including four ovarian cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was 70 times higher in human colon cancer cell line with BRCA2 knock out compared to wild type under hypoxia following TH‐302 treatment. γH2AX staining revealed that the cytotoxicity of TH‐302 was associated with DNA damage. In addition, administration of TH‐302 with olaparib led to better antitumor activities than either single drug/prodrug in olaparib‐resistant PDX models.Conclusion: TH‐302 exhibits hypoxia‐dependent cytotoxicity across a wide range of human cancer cell lines, and may be a drug candidate to treat ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and pancreatic cancer with HR deficiencies with or without resistance to PARP inhibitor. TH‐302 may be effective in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) or in EOC patients resistant to PARP inhibitors.
Efficacy of High‐Volume Low‐Concentration Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine Irrigation for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Panwar Swati , Arya Mona , Dali J. S. , Chaudhary Kapil , Neogi Sushanto 
Published: October 2024

Background: Intraperitoneal irrigation with a low‐volume, high‐concentration local anaesthetic in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) provides less pain relief. We investigated the impact of high‐volume, low‐concentration bupivacaine on postoperative pain and opioid requirement.Methods: Patients undergoing LC were randomised into Group B (20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine in 480 mL normal saline) or Group S (500 mL of normal saline). Fifteen patients were included in both the groups but one patient was excluded from Group S because of bile duct injury. The primary outcome was Duration of Analgesia (DOA). The secondary outcomes were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) at extubation, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. Cumulative rescue analgesics, incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting and shoulder pain.Results: Mean (median/range) duration of analgesia was 6.45 ± 5.57 h (6/0.15–24) in Group B vs 3.18 ± 4.21 h (0.3/0.15–12) in Group S. Cumulative requirement of rescue analgesic was higher in saline group being 56.25 ± 33.92 mg for diclofenac and 83.57 ± 66.75 mg for tramadol vis‐à‐vis 40.9 ± 39.17 mg and 30.00 ± 52.78 mg, respectively, in bupivacaine group.Conclusion: Irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with high‐volume low‐concentration bupivacaine in LC increases the duration of analgesia and decreases the analgesic requirement in the postoperative period.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: CTRI/2019/02/017802 dated 25/02/2019.
H4K20me3-Mediated Repression of Inflammatory Genes Is a Characteristic and Targetable Vulnerability of Persister Cancer Cells
Authors: Ramponi Valentina , Richart Laia , Kovatcheva Marta , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Capellades Jordi , Lord Alice E. , Yanes Oscar , Ficz Gabriella , Serrano Manuel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anticancer therapies can induce cellular senescence or drug-tolerant persistence, two types of proliferative arrest that differ in their stability. While senescence is highly stable, persister cells efficiently resume proliferation upon therapy termination, resulting in tumor relapse. Here, we used an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor to induce and characterize persistence in human cancer cells of various origins. Using this model and previously described models of senescence, we compared the same cancer cell lines under the two types of proliferative arrest. Persister and senescent cancer cells shared an expanded lysosomal compartment and hypersensitivity to BCL-XL inhibition. However, persister cells lacked other features of senescence, such as loss of lamin B1, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, upregulation of MHC-I, and an inflammatory and secretory phenotype (senescence-associated secretory phenotype or SASP). A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening for genes required for the survival of persister cells revealed that they are hypersensitive to the inhibition of one-carbon (1C) metabolism, which was validated by the pharmacologic inhibition of serine hydroxymethyltransferase, a key enzyme that feeds methyl groups from serine into 1C metabolism. Investigation into the relationship between 1C metabolism and the epigenetic regulation of transcription uncovered the presence of the repressive heterochromatic mark H4K20me3 at the promoters of SASP and IFN response genes in persister cells, whereas it was absent in senescent cells. Moreover, persister cells overexpressed the H4K20 methyltransferases KMT5B/C, and their downregulation unleashed inflammatory programs and compromised the survival of persister cells. In summary, this study identifies distinctive features and actionable vulnerabilities of persister cancer cells and provides mechanistic insight into their low inflammatory activity.
Significance: Cell persistence and senescence are distinct states of proliferative arrest induced by cancer therapy, with persister cells being characterized by the silencing of inflammatory genes through the heterochromatic mark H4K20me3.
See related commentary by Schmitt, p. 7
NoviCode: Generating Programs from Natural Language Utterances by Novices
Authors: Mordechai Asaf Achi , Goldberg Yoav , Tsarfaty Reut 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Current Text-to-Code models demonstrate impressive capabilities in generating executable code from natural language snippets. However, current studies focus on technical instructions and programmer-oriented language, and it is an open question whether these models can effectively translate natural language descriptions given by non-technical users and express complex goals, to an executable program that contains an intricate flow—composed of API access and control structures as loops, conditions, and sequences. To unlock the challenge of generating a complete program from a plain non-technical description we present NoviCode, a novel NL Programming task, which takes as input an API and a natural language description by a novice non-programmer, and provides an executable program as output. To assess the efficacy of models on this task, we provide a novel benchmark accompanied by test suites wherein the generated program code is assessed not according to their form, but according to their functional execution. Our experiments show that, first, NoviCode is indeed a challenging task in the code synthesis domain, and that generating complex code from non-technical instructions goes beyond the current Text-to-Code paradigm. Second, we show that a novel approach wherein we align the NL utterances with the compositional hierarchical structure of the code, greatly enhances the performance of LLMs on this task, compared with the end-to-end Text-to-Code counterparts.
Anti-British Propaganda in Sharjah in 1940
Authors: Alsadoun Khalid bin Hmoud 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article attempts to study the nature of the political relations between Britain and its colony of Sharjah in the Arabian Gulf during the military conflict between Britain and its allies on the one hand and Germany and its allies on the other during World War ii. The researcher makes use of documents and correspondence between the rulers of Sharjah and Britain and between the Arabian Gulf Residency and its rulers. This correspondence highlight Britain’s concern about Arab support in the Gulf for its German enemy. It also highlights the British aim of persuading those rulers to join them in the war effort. This indicates the importance of the political position of the rulers of the Arabian Gulf states during that era of military conflict.
Student Interest Drives Modernization of Climate Science Curriculum: Engaging with Community Partners outside the Classroom
Authors: Dacic Natasha , Lojko Alexander , Zhang Yingxiao , Yang Emily , Whitcomb Morgan , Bassis Jeremy , Rood Richard B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As climate change continues to accelerate, there is a growing need for collaboration between geoscientists and community partners to cocreate equitable science-based climate solutions that align with community priorities. However, the curriculum of many geoscience Ph.D. programs focuses almost exclusively on physical science knowledge production confined to the academic sphere with little attention to usability or applications of climate information to decision-making. A consequence is that there is often little educational support to train future generations of geoscientists with the skills needed to serve as knowledge brokers and interpret climate information into the context needed for decision-making. To address this, a group of students and faculty at the University of Michigan developed a pilot course to provide hands-on experience engaging with local communities to develop climate solutions. This project involved a collaboration with the Washtenaw County Water Resources Commissioner’s Office to discuss their high-priority objectives. The inaugural project involved identifying high-priority locations in Washtenaw County for rain garden development to be used for internal planning purposes. The process of recurring communications with partners played a critical role in tailoring the project to have ongoing use for local government after the course. This project provided a student-driven bridge between climate knowledge production, climate science usability, and community engagement. This type of formal engagement with community partners provides opportunities to train the next generation of geoscientists to have the skills to engage with practitioners and decision-makers and make climate science more accessible.
Tropopause Height Inferred from Twilight Photometry
Authors: Mims Forrest M. , Wu Dong L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The tropopause height has been measured by sounding balloons for more than 70 years. More recently, lidar has found the tropopause height by detecting aerosols or subvisible cirrus that accumulates at the tropopause. Here, we present a twilight photometer technique to detect the tropopause height with results close to the traditional World Meteorological Organization (WMO) method from sounding balloon measurements. The twilight intensity I, although radiometrically uncalibrated, can be normalized by the derivative of log(I) with respect to time t, or I′(t)/(t), to infer stratospheric aerosol layer properties using Earth’s shadow to orderly shield the sunlight below different altitudes. A conventional twilight photometer detects the twilight glow from atmospheric aerosol scattering with a photodiode detector equipped with a near-infrared optical filter. We have replaced the photodiode and optical filter with a light-emitting diode (LED) that functions as a wavelength-dependent photodiode with a narrowband response near 1050 nm. We found that the layer height from twilight photometer observations is highly correlated with the tropopause height. Seventy-six twilight tropopause heights during the first 6 months of 2024 at Geronimo Creek Atmospheric Monitoring Station (GCAMS) in Central Texas agree well with those reported by sounding balloons launched from Corpus Christi, Texas, 207 km from GCAMS (standard deviation of 265 m). The twilight method is inexpensive, easily implemented, and has potential for use at remote sites with solar power and developing countries that lack resources for sounding balloons. It can also provide a learning tool for students of meteorology and the atmospheric sciences.
Evaluating the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhang Zhicheng , Wang Cuicui , Zhang Hui , Wang Ying , Bian Jing 
Published: October 2024

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), proposed as a potential therapy for post-stroke dysphagia, on swallowing function in stroke survivors. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies on TES for post-stroke dysphagia. Search results were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines, and the following data were extracted from included studies: study characteristics, demographics, and outcomes. Bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Heterogeneity and effect sizes were analysed using I2 statistics and appropriate effects models. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42024578243) Results Six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria (I2 = 0.0%). The meta-analysis indicated a significant improvement in dysphagia with TES (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13, 0.73). Subgroup analysis suggested that low-intensity TES was effective (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.09, 0.82), whereas high-intensity TES showed no significant improvement (SMD 0.37, 95% CI –0.17, 0.91). No publication bias was detected. Conclusion TES may improve swallowing in stroke patients, with potential benefits from low-intensity protocols.