bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hoezo zijn (on)veiligheidsbeslissingen lastig publiekelijk te verantwoorden?
Authors: Helsloot Ira 
Published: April 2018

How come we believe that the modern citizen won’t accept insecurity for the common good?
This article analyses a cause for the abundance of disproportional risk policies in the Netherlands. Many policymakers and academics believe that people in the Netherlands today are so risk averse that they are not willing to accept any risk that may result from reasonable risk policies. However, as some examples that we present show, there appears to be another kind of Dutch citizen: a citizen that understands and supports the decision of authorities that increase the risk to citizens but are necessary from the perspective of the common good. We argue that the belief in the unreasonable citizen is informed by one-sided research that only asks citizens how they perceive risks and what they want as risk consumers. Asking the same respondents face-to-face what they would do as policymakers themselves, however, results in diametric answers that show a rational and social side of those respondents. Respondents give higher priority to the education system or traffic safety than to preventing unusual risks such as asbestos or terrorism to themselves. Hence, the justification of reasonable risk policies is not as difficult as generally assumed.
Produção científica sobre os distúrbios psíquicos menores a partir do self report questionnarie
Authors: Tavares Juliana Petri , Beck Carmem Lúcia Colomé , Magnago Tânia Solange Bosi de Souza , Greco Patrícia Bitencourt Toscani , Prestes Francine Cassol , Silva Rosângela Marion da 
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a produção científica publicada no Brasil em bases de dados eletrônicas sobre os Distúrbios Psíquicos Menores a partir do Self Report Questionarie, bem como identificar possíveis relações entre distúrbios psíquicos menores e trabalho. Método: realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SCIELO, nos últimos dez anos, com as palavras-chave: transtornos mentais comuns, distúrbios psíquicos menores, morbidades psiquiátricas menores, problemas psiquiátricos menores. Resultados: obteve-se 41 estudos, sendo 38 artigos científicos e três dissertações. Observa-se um aumento de publicações do ano de 2004 (2,4%) para o de 2005 (14,6%). O periódico com maior número de publicações foi o Caderno de Saúde Pública (24,4%). Os estudos investigaram populações com idade maior ou igual a 14 anos (48,8%); trabalhadores da saúde (19,5%), trabalhadores de outras áreas (19,5%) e estudantes (12,2%). Conclusão: evidenciou-se que os distúrbios psíquicos menores estão presentes em diversas populações, de variadas regiões do país, apontando para a necessidade de novos estudos que investiguem a associação entre DPM e as condições de trabalho.
Interaction of a dinoflagellate neurotoxin with voltage-activated ion channels in a marine diatom
Authors: Kitchen Sheila A. , Bourdelais Andrea J. , Taylor Alison R. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe potent neurotoxins produced by the harmful algal bloom speciesKarenia brevisare activators of sodium voltage-gated channels (VGC) in animals, resulting in altered channel kinetics and membrane hyperexcitability. Recent biophysical and genomic evidence supports widespread presence of homologous sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) permeable VGCs in unicellular algae, including marine phytoplankton. We therefore hypothesized that VGCs of these phytoplankton may be an allelopathic target for waterborne neurotoxins produced byK. brevisblooms that could lead to ion channel dysfunction and disruption of signaling in a similar manner to animal Na+VGCs.MethodsWe examined the interaction of brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3), aK. brevisneurotoxin, with the Na+/Ca2+VGC of the non-toxic diatomOdontella sinensis using electrophysiology. Single electrode current- and voltage- clamp recordings fromO. sinensisin the presence of PbTx-3 were used to examine the toxin’s effect on voltage gated Na+/Ca2+currents.In silicoanalysis was used to identify the putative PbTx binding site in the diatoms. We identified Na+/Ca2+VCG homologs from the transcriptomes and genomes of 12 diatoms, including three transcripts fromO. sinensisand aligned them with site-5 of Na+VGCs, previously identified as the PbTx binding site in animals.ResultsUp to 1 µM PbTx had no effect on diatom resting membrane potential or membrane excitability. The kinetics of fast inward Na+/Ca2+currents that underlie diatom action potentials were also unaffected. However, the peak inward current was inhibited by 33%, delayed outward current was inhibited by 25%, and reversal potential of the currents shifted positive, indicating a change in permeability of the underlying channels. Sequence analysis showed a lack of conservation of the PbTx binding site in diatom VGC homologs, many of which share molecular features more similar to single-domain bacterial Na+/Ca2+VGCs than the 4-domain eukaryote channels.DiscussionAlthough membrane excitability and the kinetics of action potential currents were unaffected, the permeation of the channels underlying the diatom action potential was significantly altered in the presence of PbTx-3. However, at environmentally relevant concentrations the effects of PbTx- on diatom voltage activated currents and interference of cell signaling through this pathway may be limited. The relative insensitivity of phytoplankton VGCs may be due to divergence of site-5 (the putative PbTx binding site), and in some cases, such asO. sinensis, resistance to toxin effects may be because of evolutionary loss of the 4-domain eukaryote channel, while retaining a single domain bacterial-like VGC that can substitute in the generation of fast action potentials.
Investigando a la élite económica: Lecciones y desafíos a partir del caso de Chile
Authors: Atria Jorge , Amenábar Josefina , Sánchez Javiera , Castillo Juan Carlos , Cociña Matías 
Published: April 2018

Este artículo estudia los aprendizajes y desafíos que se desprenden de la investigación empírica sobre élites en Chile en las últimas dos décadas, con énfasis en la élite económica. Utilizando doce entrevistas semiestructuradas a expertos que han investigado a este grupo en Chile y una operacionalización específica para diferenciar los criterios y prioridades de cada investigador, los resultados sistematizan los fundamentos para optar por el concepto de élite por sobre otros (como clase dominante o aristocracia), las estrategias para definir el universo y muestra, y las dificultades de este tipo de estudios. Los resultados contribuyen al análisis reflexivo sobre las formas en que las élites contemporáneas son estudiadas, a lo que se añaden también desafíos pendientes y líneas de investigación a futuro que vinculen esta área con otros fenómenos de relevancia para la vida social.
On the Assembly of Microreactors with Parallel Enzymatic Pathways
Authors: Armada‐Moreira Adam , Thingholm Bo , Andreassen Kristine , Sebastião Ana M. , Vaz Sandra H. , Städler Brigitte 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCell mimicry aims to create artificial structures capable of mimicking certain functions of living cells. However, cell mimics are tremendously simpler than their natural role models. Thus, increasing their complexity is of great importance for the advancement of cell mimicry concepts and for further understanding of biological intracellular processes. Here, the successful co‐encapsulation of two enzymatic pathways with up to five enzymes into compartmentalized microreactors is reported. The microreactors are assembled by combining polymer layers and enzyme‐loaded liposomal subunits, which physically separate the two encapsulated enzymatic pathways. Specifically, this report confirms the activity of an encapsulated enzymatic cycle that conjugates the actions of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, using NADP+/NADPH as a common co‐factor, as well as an encapsulated enzymatic cascade combining β‐galactosidase, glucose oxidase, and catalase. This work represents a relevant advancement in encapsulated catalysis toward the assembly of therapeutic cell mimics.
Nonchemotherapic and Robust Dual‐Responsive Nanoagents with On‐Demand Bacterial Trapping, Ablation, and Release for Efficient Wound Disinfection
Authors: Yang Ye , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Deng Yiyi , Huang Jianbo , Fan Xin , Nie Chuanxiong , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent emerged antibacterial agents provide enormous new possibilities to replace antibiotics in fighting bacterial infectious diseases. Although abundant types of nanoagents are developed for preventing pathogen colonization, however, rationally design of nonchemotherapic, robust, and clinical‐adaptable nanoagents with tunable bacterial trap and killing activities remains a major challenge. Here, a demonstration of controlling the trap, ablation, and release activities of pathogenic bacteria via stimulus‐responsive regulatory mechanism is reported. First, temperature‐sensitive polymer brush is chemically grown onto carbon nanotube–Fe3O4, whereby the synthesized nanoagents can transfer from hydrophilic dispersion to hydrophobic aggregation upon near‐infrared light irradiation, which thus controls the bacterial trap, killing, and detaching. In turn, the formed aggregations will serve as localized heating sources to enhance photothermal ablation of bacteria. Systematically antibacterial experiments and mouse wound disinfection demonstrate the ultrarobust and recyclable disinfection capability of nanoagents with nearly 100% killing ratio to Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, for the first time, we represent a pioneering study on designing nonchemotherapic and robust dual‐responsive nanoagents that can sensitively and reversibly trap, inactivate, and detach bacteria. We envision that such nanoagents will not only have potential applications in pathogenic bacteria prevention but also provide a new pathway for wound disinfection, implant sterilization, and also live bacteria transportation.
Porous Organic Polymers for Polysulfide Trapping in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Pan Hui , Zhong Hong , Xiao Zhubing , Li Xiaoju , Wang Ruihu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted considerable attentions in electronic energy storage and conversion because of their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. The rapid capacity degradation, mainly caused by the notorious shuttle effect of polysulfides (PSs), remains a great challenge preventing practical application. Porous organic polymers (POPs) are one type of promising carbon materials to confine PSs within the cathode region. Here, the research progress on POPs and POPs‐derived carbon materials in Li–S batteries is summarized, and the importance of pore surface chemistry in uniform distribution of sulfur and effective trapping of PSs is highlighted. POPs serve as promising sulfur host materials, interlayers, and separators in Li–S batteries. Their significance and innovation, especially new synthetic methods for promoting sulfur content, reversible capacity, Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability, have been demonstrated. The perspectives and critical challenges that need to be addressed for POPs‐based Li–S batteries are also discussed. Some attractive electrode materials and concepts based on POPs have been proposed to improve energy density and electrochemical performance, which are anticipated to shed some light on future development of POPs in advanced Li–S batteries.
Interaction of Trace Rare‐Earth Dopants and Nanoheterogeneities Induces Giant Magnetostriction in Fe‐Ga Alloys
Authors: He Yangkun , Ke Xiaoqin , Jiang Chengbao , Miao Naihua , Wang Hui , Coey John Michael David , Wang Yunzhi , Xu Huibin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe discovery of a tenfold increase in magnetostriction of Fe by alloying nonmagnetic Ga was a breakthrough in magnetostrictive materials. The large magnetostriction is attributed to tetragonal nanoheterogeneities dispersed in the bcc matrix. A further remarkable fivefold increase is achieved by trace rare earth doping (<1 at%) up to a value of ≈1500 ppm, more than 50 times that of pure iron. However, it remains a mystery why trace rare earth dopants can induce such giant magnetostriction. Here, it is found that interaction of rare earth dopants with the nanoheterogeneities produces the giant magnetostriction, through a combination of experimental studies, first‐principles calculation and phase field simulations. The dopants tend to enter the nanoheterogeneities, increasing their distortion thereby creating a larger tetragonal distortion of the matrix as well as increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy. A mesoscopic model is developed using phase field simulation showing that the bulk tetragonal distortion arises mainly from those nanoheterogeneities with fixed Ga‐Ga pairs parallel to the applied magnetic field. Increased tetragonal distortion of the doped nanoheterogeneities leads to further distortion of the matrix. The results deepen the understanding of heterogeneous magnetostriction, and will guide the search for new magnetic materials with giant magnetostriction.
Versatility of Carbon Enables All Carbon Based Perovskite Solar Cells to Achieve High Efficiency and High Stability
Authors: Meng Xiangyue , Zhou Junshuai , Hou Jie , Tao Xia , Cheung Sin Hang , So Shu Kong , Yang Shihe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon‐based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) without hole transport materials are promising for their high stability and low cost, but the electron transporting layer (ETL) of TiO2 is notorious for inflicting hysteresis and instability. In view of its electron accepting ability, C60 is used to replace TiO2 for the ETL, forming a so‐called all carbon based PVSC. With a device structure of fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/C60/methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3)/carbon, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) is attained up to 15.38% without hysteresis, much higher than that of the TiO2 ones (12.06% with obvious hysteresis). The C60 ETL is found to effectively improve electron extraction, suppress charge recombination, and reduce the sub‐bandgap states at the interface with MAPbI3. Moreover, the all carbon based PVSCs are shown to resist moisture and ion migration, leading to a much higher operational stability under ambient, humid, and light‐soaking conditions. To make it an even more genuine all carbon based PVSC, it is further attempted to use graphene as the transparent conductive electrode, reaping a PCE of 13.93%. The high performance of all carbon based PVSCs stems from the bonding flexibility and electronic versatility of carbon, promising commercial developments on account of their favorable balance of cost, efficiency, and stability.
Directed Nanoscale Self‐Assembly of Low Molecular Weight Hydrogelators Using Catalytic Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yiming , Versluis Frank , Oldenhof Sander , Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan , Zhang Kai , Wang Yunwei , Wang Jie , Eelkema Rienk , Guo Xuhong , van Esch Jan H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe work presented here shows that the growth of supramolecular hydrogel fibers can be spatially directed at the nanoscale by catalytic negatively charged nanoparticles (NCNPs). The NCNPs with surfaces grafted with negatively charged polymer chains create a local proton gradient that facilitates an acid‐catalyzed formation of hydrogelators in the vicinity of NCNPs, ultimately leading to the selective formation of gel fibers around NCNPs. The presence of NCNPs has a dominant effect on the properties of the resulting gels, including gelation time, mechanical properties, and network morphology. Interestingly, local fiber formation can selectively entrap and precipitate out NCNPs from a mixture of different nanoparticles. These findings show a new possibility to use directed molecular self‐assembly to selectively trap target nano‐objects, which may find applications in therapy, such as virus infection prevention, or engineering applications, like water treatment and nanoparticle separation.
Entanglement Purification of Nonlocal Quantum‐Dot‐Confined Electrons Assisted by Double‐Sided Optical Microcavities
Authors: Liu Zi‐Chao , Hong Jian‐Song , Guo Jia‐Jie , Li Tao , Ai Qing , Alsaedi Ahmed , Hayat Tasawar , Deng Fu‐Guo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA nondestructive parity‐check detector (PCD) scheme for two single‐electron quantum dots embedded in double‐sided optical microcavities is presented here. Using a polarization‐entangled photon pair, the PCD works in a parallel style and is robust to the phase fluctuation of the optical path length. In addition, based on this nondestructive PCD, an economic entanglement purification protocol for electron pairs is presented. The parties in quantum communication can increase the purification efficiency and simultaneously decrease the quantum source consumed for some particular fidelity thresholds. Therefore, this protocol has good applications in the future quantum communication and distributed quantum networks.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on a benzoxazine core
Authors: Méndez‐Rojas Claudio , Quiroz Gabriel , Faúndez Mario , Gallardo‐Garrido Carlos , Pessoa‐Mahana C. David , Chung Hery , Gallardo‐Toledo Eduardo , Saitz‐Barría Claudio , Araya‐Maturana Ramiro , Kogan Marcelo J. , Zúñiga‐López María C. , Iturriaga‐Vásquez Patricio , Valenzuela‐Gutiérrez Carla , Pessoa‐Mahana Hernán 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the purpose of expanding the structural variety of chemical compounds available as pharmacological tools for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, we synthesized and evaluated a novel series of indole‐benzoxazinones (Family I) and benzoxazine‐arylpiperazine derivatives (Family II) for potential human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitory properties. The most active compounds 7a and 7d demonstrated effective inhibitory profiles with Ki values of 20.3 ± 0.9 μM and 20.2 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. Kinetic inhibition assays showed non‐competitive inhibition of AChE by the tested compounds. According to our docking studies, the most active compounds from both series (Families I and II) showed a binding mode similar to donepezil and interact with the same residues.
The dependence of color constancy and brightness constancy on saturation
Authors: Reeves Adam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractColor constancy and brightness constancy are not independent, as often assumed, since increasing sample saturation decreases the demand on color constancy mechanisms and increases the demand on brightness constancy mechanisms made by changes in illuminant color temperature. Re‐analyzed published data illustrates these tendencies for low saturations, but comprehensive measurements will be needed to pin down the postulated relationships over the full range.
Modified Light Weight distributed QoS Algorithm for wide area ad hoc networks
Authors: Hosseini Nazhad Ghazani Seyed Hossein 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe direction and velocity of a node are the most important parameters to create a valuable path in ad hoc networks. A valuable path is one that has a longer life time and more durability than others. As we know, the durability of a path is under the influence of the nodes' velocity. This paper proposes an algorithm to provide QoS in ad hoc networks. The proposed algorithm entitled Modified Light Weight distributed QoS Algorithm, considering the direction and relative velocity of the nodes and predicting the value of link durability, chooses a path with longer duration time, minimizes the link breaks, and improves QoSs. We implemented it in a simulation environment by using the Network Simulator Version 2 software and evaluated the effectiveness of it in packet delivery ratio, packet delivery latency, average end‐to‐end delay, routing overhead, and dropped packets. The simulation results demonstrate that Modified Light Weight distributed QoS Algorithm improves the QoS parameters in ad hoc networks.
Measuring inferential importance of taxa using taxon influence indices
Authors: Denton John S. S. , Goolsby Eric W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAssessing the importance of different taxa for inferring evolutionary history is a critical, but underutilized, aspect of systematics. Quantifying the importance of all taxa within a dataset provides an empirical measurement that can establish a ranking of extant taxa for ecological study and/or quantify the relative importance of newly announced or redescribed specimens to enable the disentangling of novelty and inferential influence. Here, we illustrate the use of taxon influence indices through analysis of both molecular and morphological datasets, introducing a modified Bayesian approach to the taxon influence index that accounts for model and topological uncertainty. Quantification of taxon influence using the Bayesian approach produced clear rankings for both dataset types. Bayesian taxon rankings differed from maximum likelihood (ML)‐derived rankings from a mitogenomic dataset, and the highest ranking taxa exhibited the largest interquartile range in influence estimate, suggesting variance in the estimate must be taken into account when the ranking of taxa is the feature of interest. Application of the Bayesian taxon influence index to a recent morphological analysis of the Tully Monster (Tullimonstrum) reveals that it exhibits consistently low inferential importance across two recent treatments of the taxon with alternative character codings. These results lend support to the idea that taxon influence indices may be robust to character coding and therefore effective for morphological analyses. These results underscore a need for the development of approaches to, and application of, taxon influence analyses both for the purpose of establishing robust rankings for future inquiry and for explicitly quantifying the importance of individual taxa. Quantifying the importance of individual taxa refocuses debates in morphological studies from questions of character choice/significance and taxon sampling to explicitly analytical techniques, and guides discussion of the context of new discoveries.
Rock art as microtopography
Authors: Jalandoni Andrea , Kottermair Maria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStructure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry and geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to document an engraving site in Bontoc, Philippines. The natural discolorations of the rock obfuscated the engravings rendering traditional recording methods ineffective. Using a GIS software not only highlighted the engravings by applying an algorithm, but also allowed for a pioneering way to digitally trace and classify motifs, resulting in a spatially linked database. The digital tracings were also compared with manual tracings and proved to be more accurate. The database was then quantitatively analyzed for the seminal inventory of the rock art of Alab, Bontoc. This combination of SfM photogrammetry and GIS tools introduces a cost‐efficient method to effectively enhance, document, and analyze engraved rock art.
Strengthening the capacity of irrigation schemes to cope with flood through improved maintenance: a collaborative approach to analySe the case of Chókwè, Mozambique
Authors: Ducrot Raphaëlle , Leite Maira , Gentil Celine , Bouarfa Sami , Rollin Dominique , Famba Sebastião 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale irrigation schemes, which are often developed in flood plains, overvalue technical expertise and the control of natural hazards and are particularly vulnerable to flooding, but there has been limited study on the impact of floods on irrigation functioning. Using a transdisciplinary approach developed in the Chokwe Irrigation Scheme during the 2013 post‐flood recovery period, we analysed the impact of flooding on the scheme with a focus on maintenance. We argue that the flood crisis provided windows of opportunity to reconsider maintenance procedures by rethinking the relations and responsibilities between actors in this large‐scale irrigation scheme; but the robustness of the system can only be increased if the changes strengthen the collective action capacity. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.