bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millimetre wave super pulses mediated by multidimensional structured surfaces
Authors: MacLachlan A J , Phelps A D R , Robertson C W , MacInnes P , Whyte C G , Ronald K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The need to bridge the THz gap is stimulated by a growing number of important applications including biochemical spectroscopy, plasma turbulence diagnostics and drive sources for tokamaks. Cherenkov sources based on two-dimensional (2D) corrugated surface lattice interaction structures, in which the diameter is several times greater than the radiation wavelength, hold strong promise to bridge the THz gap. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability to drive these sources, typically intended for steady-state operation, into the highly non-linear superradiant regime. We demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to generate superradiant pulses, for which the peak power scales as the number of electrons in the bunch squared, by exploiting slippage of an electron beam through subluminal surface waves close to the metallic 2D corrugation. The surface waves are scattered into low order, forward propagating TM0,N
modes which form the emitted ‘super pulse’. To drive superradiance, the nanosecond electron bunch must have a fast rising edge with a suitably high (kiloamperes) electron current. Superradiant pulses have been simulated for cases where the relative difference between the group speed of the electromagnetic wave and the drift speed of the electron beam is in the correct range. We show that, for this transient process, the diameter-to-wavelength ratio of the interaction cavities can be scaled from 6 to 9, with a corresponding uplift in peak power from 450 MW to 750 MW, demonstrating the potential for exceptionally powerful THz pulses. The presented results have been obtained for a Cherenkov maser operating in the 83–94 GHz range. However, numerical dispersion analysis, validated by full-wave simulations, shows the potential to radically modify the wave dispersion by varying the 2D lattice geometry for highly controllable, powerful signals at any frequency from 1 GHz to 1 THz. Based on these results, the capability to eventually generate gigawatt-level pulses in the THz range can be projected.
Determination of mass attenuation coefficient for common prosthetic materials utilizing Monte Carlo simulation, theoretical analysis, and XCOM software
Authors: Salehi Elham , Makiabadi Nahid , Keshavarz Sajad , Ghanavati Sara , Khateri Maziar , Malidarreh Roya Boudaghi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The accurate calculation of radiation doses in radiotherapy necessitates precise knowledge of the mass attenuation coefficients (

μ

m

) of prosthetic materials. Thus, this study aims to determine the

μ

m

of widely used prosthetic materials through theoretical methods, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and the XCOM photon cross-section database for the first time. Calculations were performed for the following medical sources: Pd-103, I-125, Cs -131, Tc-99m, Ba-133, Ir-192, Au-198, Cs-137, Ra-226 and Co-60 with a range of energies between 10 keV and 2 MeV. Outcomes reveal that in all three datasets increasing the energy reduces the

μ

m

values for all provided materials. For instance, this value for MMA and PEG and MCNPX simulations, theoretical calculation, XCOM evaluation varies from 0.41911 to 0.09006 cm2.g−1, 0.39194 to 0.08583 cm2.g−1, 0.39790 to 0.08715 cm2.g−1, and 0.45099 to 0.09029 cm2.g−1, 0.42214 to 0.09050 cm2.g−1, 0.40040 to 0.08090 cm2.g-,1 respectively. Furthermore, for high density prosthetic materials like Steel, Titania, and Zinc oxide,

μ

m

is higher specifically at low energy regions compared to low density prosthetic materials, while increasing the energy from 0.021 to 1.25 MeV, a different scenario is recorded. Moreover, MCNPX results exhibit higher deviations specifically in high energy regions compared to other approaches. However, this approach remains as accurate for prosthetic attenuation evaluation. The results of this study present a detailed classification of a wide range of prosthetic materials in terms of their applications and energy levels, serving as a significant reference for future research.
Assessment of physio-mechanical characteristics of ABS/PETG blended parts fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Bharat Nikhil , Kumar Vijay , Veeman Dhinakaran , Vellaisamy Murugan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examines the effect of blending acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) in various weight percentage ratios (ABS/PETG: 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60) on the physio-mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts. The result showed that the 3D-printed PETG sample exhibited the highest density of 1.12 ± 0.05 g cm−3 along with the 40ABS60PETG blend displaying similar density value. However, the 40ABS60PETG sample also demonstrated the highest shrinkage, attributed to differences in thermal expansion and cooling rates between ABS and PETG. Moreover, the surface roughness value of the blended samples varied between 8.04 μm–and 9.78 μm, with the 40ABS60PETG sample having a minimal surface roughness of 8.04 ± 0.60 μm. Regarding mechanical performance, the 40ABS60PETG blend showed a notable improvement in flexural modulus, with increases of 6.45% and 60% compared to neat ABS and PETG, respectively. Compression testing revealed that ABS-dominant blends possess higher compression modulus and maximum compressive stress, indicating superior resistance to deformation and enhanced load-bearing capacity. This study highlights the importance of blend ratios to optimize performance, especially for applications requiring a balance between stiffness and flexibility. The results suggest that controlling the ABS/PETG ratio and carefully managing printing parameters can optimize the mechanical and dimensional stability of 3D-printed parts.
A light-temperature neuron and its adaptive regulation
Authors: Song Xinlin , Yang Feifei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The appropriate firing modes for a neuron can be excited under the external stimulus. From the viewpoint of physical, the intrinsic biophysical effects, functional encoding, and the mechanism for the transcription of external signals play an extremely important role in building reliable neuron models. In this paper, a light-temperature neuron model is proposed by connecting a phototube and a thermistor into a nonlinear circuit for investigating the information encoding and responses of neurons under the external optical signals and temperature signals. In this neuron model, a phototube is used to encode external light signals, similar to artificial eyes, and a thermistor can encode temperature intensity. Furthermore, the Hamilton energy (HE) function of neurons is calculated based on the Helmholtz’s theorem, and a self-regulation method is designed by applying the ratio of electric field energy to magnetic field energy to estimate the self-regulation of neurons. The results show that the proposed neuron can reproduce the main characteristics of biological neurons by adjusting the external stimulus. The double coherence resonance is induced under noise temperature. These results could be helpful for researching the collective behaviors in functional neural networks.
Comparative of light propagation in Born-Infeld, Euler-Heisenberg and ModMax nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Guzman-Herrera Elda , Montiel Ariadna , Breton Nora 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We compare light propagation through an intense electromagnetic background as described by three different nonlinear electrodynamics: Born-Infeld (BI), Euler-Heisenberg (EH), and Modified Maxwell (MM). We use the concept of effective metric to determine the phase velocities of a propagating wave from the BI and EH nonlinear electrodynamics and use them to set constraints on the MM nonlinear parameter. In a second part of the paper, we consider the black hole solutions of the nonlinear electrodynamics coupled with General Relativity and determine the shadows cast by the static black holes. Confronting the observations of the shadows of M87* and Sagittarius A* with our theoretical results allows us to set restrictions on the nonlinear parameters.
3 μm mid-infrared compact intracavity optical parametric oscillator based on KTA and MgO:PPLN
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yang Feng , Bo Yong , Gao Hongwei , Peng Qinjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) laser of 3 μm are extremely valuable in many applications. A miniaturized compact intracavity optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a well-established 1 μm pump laser has achieved MIR radiation of 3.47 μm and 3 μm, respectively. The 3.47 μm idler laser with a maximum power of 3.65 W and the 3 μm with a maximum power of 3 W was generated using KTA-OPO and MgO:PPLN-OPO, respectively. The compactness and stability of the device were verified, which can be further used to realize the parametric down-conversion of novel nonlinear crystals, which is expected to realize the effective expansion of long-wave MIR generation.
Comparison of different longitudinal injection scenarios for achieving optimal performance in SAPS
Authors: Liu Weihang , Zhao Yu , Chen Jianliang , Han Wenjie , Huang Liangsheng , Liu Xingguang , Qi Xin , Jiao Yi , Li Xiao , Wang Sheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Southern Advanced Photon Source (SAPS) is a proposed
fourth-generation diffraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) designed
with a modified hybrid multibend achromat lattice, achieving a
natural emittance as low as 33 pm. Given its limited dynamic
aperture, the SAPS is not well suited to off-axis injection, with
on-axis injection schemes proving a more favourable option. This
paper highlights the advantages of longitudinal injection for SAPS,
which employs a fast pulse kicker and multi-frequency RF systems. A
systematic comparison is presented of the longitudinal injection
schemes for double-frequency and triple-frequency RF systems. The
effects of these schemes on circulating beam stretching, the time
structure of the fast pulse kicker, RF parameter stability
requirements, storage ring acceptance, and injection efficiency are
considered. Based on these results, reasonable hardware
specifications for the fast stripline kicker and RF system, as well
as injector parameter requirements, are provided. These findings are
crucial for SAPS to achieve longitudinal injection and can also
serve as a reference for similar light sources.
First mechanical realization of a tunable dielectric haloscope for the MADMAX axion search experiment
Authors: Ary Dos Santos Garcia B. , Bergermann D. , Caldwell A. , Dabhi V. , Diaconu C. , Diehl J. , Dvali G. , Egge J. , Ekmedzic M. , Gallo F. , Garutti E. , Heyminck S. , Hubaut F. , Ivanov A. , Jochum J. , Karst P. , Kramer M. , Kreikemeyer-Lorenzo D. , Krieger C. , Leppla-Weber D. , Lindner A. , Maldonado J. , Majorovits B. , Martens S. , Martini A. , Öz E. , Pralavorio P. , Raffelt G. , Redondo J. , Ringwald A. , Roset S. , Schaffran J. , Schmidt A. , Steffen F. , Strandhagen C. , Usherov I. , Wang H. , Wieching G. ,   The MADMAX collaboration
Published: November 2024

Abstract
MADMAX, a future experiment to search for axion dark matter,
is based on a novel detection concept called the dielectric
haloscope. It consists of a booster composed of several dielectric
disks positioned with μm precision. A prototype composed of
one movable disk was built to demonstrate the mechanical feasibility
of such a booster in the challenging environment of the experiment:
high magnetic field to convert the axions into photons and cryogenic
temperature to reduce the thermal noise. It was tested both inside a
strong magnetic field up to 1.6 T and at cryogenic temperatures
down to 35 K. The measurements of the velocity and positioning
accuracy of the disk are shown and are found to match the MADMAX
requirements.
Simulated inter-filament fusion in embedded 3D printing
Authors: Friedrich Leanne M , Gunther Ross T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In embedded 3D printing (EMB3D), a nozzle extrudes continuous filaments inside of a viscoelastic support bath. Compared to other extrusion processes, EMB3D enables softer structures and print paths that conform better to the shape of the part, allowing for complex structures such as tissues and organs. However, strategies for high-quality dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties remain undocumented in EMB3D. This work uses computational fluid dynamics simulations in OpenFOAM to probe the underlying physics behind two processes: deformation of the printed part due to nearby nozzle motion and fusion between neighboring filaments during printing. Through simulations, we disentangle yielding from viscous dissipation, and we isolate interfacial tension effects from rheology effects, which are difficult to separate in experiments. Critically, these simulations find that disturbance and fusion are controlled by the flow of support fluid around the nozzle. To avoid part deformation, the nozzle must remain far from existing parts during non-printing moves, moreso when traveling next to the part than above the part and especially when the interfacial tension between the ink and support is non-zero. Additionally, because support can become trapped between filaments at zero interfacial tension, the spacing between filaments must be tight enough to produce over-printing, or printing too much material for the designed space. In non-Newtonian fluids, spacings for vertical walls must be even tighter than spacings for horizontal planes. At these spacings, printing a new filament sometimes creates and sometimes mitigates shape defects in the old filament. While non-zero ink-support interfacial tensions produce better inter-filament fusion than zero interfacial tension, interfacial tension also produces shape defects. Slicing algorithms that consider these unique EMB3D defects are needed to improve mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of bioprinted constructs.
Justice, Rights, and Injury
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hobbes’s vindication of the sovereign from all taints of injustice is premised upon a most unusual conception of injury (‘wrong’)—misunderstood by contemporary and modern critics alike. For Hobbes, to be wronged/injured does not mean that your rights are violated. Rather, it means that another acts towards you without right. The implicated rights are always those of the wrongdoer—never the victim’s. This counter-intuitive view allowed him to equate injury with both injustice and breaking covenants. Humans, having by nature right to absolutely everything, can act without right only after contractually divesting right to another party (wronged by subsequent breaches of faith). Hobbes’s struggle to explain the diverging directionalities of ‘injury’ and ‘injustice’ underlie Leviathan’s overlooked redefinition of justice. All obligations owed to other humans are contractually created. To preclude the existence of natural obligations governed by justice, he had to introduce an extremely thin conception of attributed consent.
No Peace, No Justice
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite the signpost prominence of Hobbesian positions in theories of international relations and global justice, the meaning and grounds of Hobbes’s signature doctrine that justice and injustice are non-existent outside the state are poorly understood. This chapter provides a comprehensive explanation of this thesis (‘Statism about Justice’). Hobbes advanced two distinct supporting arguments: the Revised Covenant Argument and the Propriety Argument. Each argument is premised upon a different conception of justice and stresses different implications of the natural right to everything. On the Revised Covenant Argument, the state—with its coercive power to punish pact breakers—needs to exist for norms of justice to become effective. On the more radical Propriety Argument, the state is needed for norms of justice to arise. Distributive civil laws first create the content matter of justice (‘what is due to each’). On the Propriety Argument, humans cannot possess the virtue of justice outside the state.
Rebels, Traitors, Enemies, and Fools
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rebels and traitors, Hobbes insists, should not be prosecuted legally as citizens. As self-proclaimed enemies of the state, they are instead dealt with by the right of war. This position is puzzling. Do rebels forfeit their citizenship by their act of rebellion? If so, can citizens unilaterally (if unjustly) renounce their subjection to the sovereign, annulling their political obligation? Rebels and traitors, this chapter argues, indeed lose their citizenship: their injustice expels them from the legal order. Yet the obligation, incurred in the original covenant, to simply obey the sovereign is not thereby voided. That obligation is not part of the legal order; rather, it upholds it. For Hobbes, political obligation is not possessed as a citizen. Rather, affirmation of one’s political obligation is what makes one a citizen. My analysis of Hobbes’s account of treason and its place within his constitutional theory clarifies his much-discussed ‘Reply to the Foole’.
Perivascular space dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease is related to neuroinflammation
Authors: Hong Hui , Tozer Daniel J , Chen Yutong , Brown Robin B , Low Audrey , Markus Hugh S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Enlarged perivascular spaces are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease, and it has been hypothesized that they might reflect impaired glymphatic drainage. The mechanisms underlying enlargement of perivascular spaces are not fully understood, but both increased inflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability have been hypothesized to play a role. We investigated the relationship between perivascular spaces and both CNS and peripheral inflammation, in addition to BBB permeability, in cerebral small vessel disease.
Fifty-four symptomatic sporadic cerebral small vessel disease patients were studied. Perivascular spaces were quantified both using a visual rating scale and by measurement of the volume of perivascular spaces in the white matter and the basal ganglia. PET-MRI was used to measure microglial activation using the radioligand 11C-PK11195, and simultaneously, BBB permeability was acquired using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. We determined 11C-PK11195 binding and BBB permeability in the local vicinity of individual perivascular spaces in concentric shells surrounding the perivascular spaces. In addition, both mean 11C-PK11195 binding and BBB permeability in both the white matter and the basal ganglia were determined. To assess systemic inflammation, a panel of 93 blood biomarkers relating to cardiovascular disease, inflammation and endothelial activation were measured.
Within the white matter, tissue in closest proximity to perivascular spaces displayed greater 11C-PK11195 binding (P &lt; 0.001) in the vicinity of perivascular spaces. Higher white matter perivascular spaces burden on the visual rating scale was associated with higher white matter 11C-PK11195 binding (ρ = 0.469, false discovery rate-corrected P = 0.009); values for the volume of perivascular spaces showed a similar trend. In contrast, there were no associations between the burden of basal ganglia perivascular spaces and 11C-PK11195 binding. No marker of perivascular spaces was correlated with blood–brain barrier permeability. There was no association between markers of perivascular spaces and blood biomarkers of systemic inflammation.
Our findings demonstrate that white matter perivascular spaces are associated with increased 11C-PK11195 binding, consistent with neuroinflammation playing a role in enlargement of white matter perivascular spaces. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are required to determine whether the relationship between neuroinflammation and enlarged perivascular spaces is causal.
Ecological roles of nano-picoplankton in stratified waters of an embayment in the southern Benguela
Authors: Dames Nicole R , Rocke Emma , Pitcher Grant , Rybicki Edward , Pfaff Maya , Moloney Coleen L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nano-picoplankton are the dominant primary producers during the postupwelling period in St Helena Bay, South Africa. Their dynamics on short timescales are not well-understood and neither are the community composition, structure, and potential functionality of the surrounding microbiome. Samples were collected over five consecutive days in March 2018 from three depths (1, 25, and 50 m) at a single sampling station in St Helena Bay. There was clear depth-differentiation between the surface and depth in both diversity and function throughout the sampling period for the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Daily difference in eukaryote diversity, was more pronounced at 1 and 25 m with increased abundances of Syndiniales and Bacillariophyta. Surface waters were dominated by photosynthetic and photoheterotrophic microorganisms, while samples at depth were linked to nitrogen cycling processes, with high abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Strong depth gradients found in the nutrient transporters for ammonia were good indicators of measured uptake rates. This study showed that nano-picoplankton dynamics were driven by light availability, nutrient concentrations, carbon biomass, and oxygenation. The nano-picoplankton help sustain ecosystem functioning in St Helena Bay through their ecological roles, which emphasizes the need to monitor this size fraction of the plankton.
Genome Assembly of the Nematode Rhabditoides Inermis From a Complex Microbial Community
Authors: Rödelsperger Christian , Röseler Waltraud , Athanasouli Marina , Wighard Sara , Herrmann Matthias , Sommer Ralf J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Free-living nematodes such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus are powerful model systems for linking specific traits to their underlying genetic basis. To trace the evolutionary history of specific traits or genes, a robust phylogenomic framework is indispensable. In the context of the nematode family Diplogastridae to which P. pacificus belongs, the identity of a sister group has long been debated. In this work, we generated a pseudochromosome level genome assembly of the nematode Rhabditoides inermis, which has previously been proposed as the sister taxon. The genome was assembled from a complex microbial community that is stably associated with R. inermis isolates and that consists of multiple bacteria and a fungus, which we identified as a strain of Vanrija albida. The R. inermis genome spans 173.5Mb that are largely assembled into five pseudochromosomes. This chromosomal configuration likely arose from two recent fusions of different Nigon elements. Phylogenomic analysis did not support a sister group relationship between R. inermis and diplogastrids, but rather supports a sister group relationship between the monophyletic Diplogastridae and a group of genera of Rhabditidae including C. elegans and R. inermis. Thus, our work addresses for the first time the long lasting question about the sister group to diplogastrids at the phylogenomic level and provides with the genomes of R. inermis and the associated fungus V. albida valuable resources for future genomic comparisons.