bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method for division water injection layers based on difference of interlayer percolation resistance
Authors: Haidong Wang , Yikun Liu , Jiqiang Zhi , Jianpeng Sun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dynamic split model for injection fluid of water drive oil production was established based on theoretical calculation. It can be used to analyse the mutual interference between the layers in the arbitrary water cut stage and predict the occurrence and aggravation of the interference node. The results show that: Liquids preferentially pass through areas with low percolation resistance, so the difference of interlayer percolation resistance is the essence of interlayer contradiction; Percolation resistance is mainly determined by the difference of layers (Permeability and Thickness of layer) and dynamic water status. The greater the percolation resistance difference is, the worse the average degree of injection fluid is, and the lower the oil production efficiency is; A new method of water injection layer division was established to weaken the interlayer interference from the source. This method considered influence factors of permeability, thickness and water cut. And the new method is better than the old method of assigning water injection interval only by the limit of permeability differential. It can guide the high efficiency production of oil field.
Audible Noise Characters Analysis of 220kV Xiangtang Transmission Line
Authors: Zhao Can , Zhao Xinmin , Wu Fayuan , Xu Chenyong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In order to know the corona audible noise characters of the 220kV transmission line and its influences on nearby residents’ life, we measured the corona discharge UV-light, the environmental noise and sound energy of the transmission line respectively. The study results showed that the corona discharge occurred at the transmission line. The audible noise sound level on the roof was 46.2dB(A) at night, that was slightly beyond the limit value of the first zone of Sound Environment Quality Standard. At night, the transmission line audible noise like ‘SiSi’ was so obvious that disturbs residents. The sound energy analysis results showed that the transmission line audible noise energy focused on the frequency range below 200Hz. The directivity study of sound intensity showed that the highest sound energy happened at 100 Hz in the direction from the transmission line to the top floor of the residents’ house, in which explains that the transmission line noise, slightly beyond the limit, is obvious.
Review on the Leak Detection Technology of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine
Authors: Xie Chuang , Mu Xiaogang , Wang Xuanjun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is a flammable, combustible, volatile and highly toxic hazardous chemical with strong corrosiveness. The leak detection technology of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine mainly includes sensor method, detection tube method and personal monitor method. This review covers the theories, characteristics and applications of several gas leakage detection methods for unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazinthe (UDMH), and its development prospect is also discussed.
Lithofacies classification of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the early Cambrian Qiongzhusi formation of Huize area, Eastern Yunnan Province
Authors: Cheng Yong , Wen Yiming , Xia Jianbo , Liu Cong , Chang Lantian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the shale gas development boom around the world has made finegrained sedimentary rocks become the focus and hotspot of sedimentological research. Lithofacies are rock types and assemblages formed in a certain sedimentary environment, and are important parameters in formation evaluation. The lithofacies classification of fine-grained sedimentary rocks is an important basis for the study of hydrocarbon source rocks, shale oil and gas and tight oil reservoirs. Anchored in the previous studies, the lithofacies classification scheme of fine grained sedimentary rocks in study area based on mineral composition was established in this paper. The results prove that the main lithofacies of Qiongzhusi formation in study area are mainly felsic clay rocks and clayey felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks, and a small number of which are dolostone, limestone, felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks, dolomitic felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks, clayey felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks, felsic dolostone, and dolomitic mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks. This study can provide some geological basis for the evaluation and regional election of shale gas in this area.
“In the beginning”
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Orthodox Christians will tell you that their church was founded by Christ himself some 2,000 years ago, and that modern-day Orthodoxy is simply the continuation of the one true church Jesus established when he was on Earth. ‘“In the beginning”’ describes how the twelve apostles, the first Christians, continued Jesus’s preaching of the gospel, despite a lot of early resistance and Roman persecution. It also explains how the church moved on after the apostles’ deaths and how their teaching was preserved through the four gospels. The growth and shaping of Christianity under Constantine the Great—including how it became the official religion of the Roman Empire—and future emperors is described.
From terror to genocide
Authors: Caplan Jane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
War sanctioned and normalized mass terror and murder, blunted ethical reservations, and emphasized the insignificance of individual lives compared with the survival of the ‘Aryan’ race and utopian visions of its future. ‘From terror to genocide’ considers how the Nazi regime moved from persecution to mass murder—from the expanded concentration camp system to the ‘euthanasia’ of the mentally and physically handicapped—and pays close attention to the complicated path by which a ‘final solution of the Jewish question’—genocide—emerged in eastern Europe and Russia.
Contemporary trends in the management of aortic stenosis in the USA
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Alqahtani Fahad , Ziada Khaled M , Aljohani Sami , Holmes David R , Mathew Verghese 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
To assess the contemporary trends in aortic stenosis (AS) interventions in the USA before and after the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and results
We utilized the National-Inpatient-Sample to assess temporal trends in the incidence, cost, and outcomes of AS interventions between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2016. During the study’s period, AS interventions increased from 96 to 137 per 100 000 individuals &gt; 60 years old, P &lt; 0.001. In-hospital expenditure on AS interventions increased from $2.28 billion in 2003 to $4.33 in 2016 P &lt; 0.001. Among patients who underwent aortic valve replacement, the proportion of TAVI increased from 11.9% in 2012 to 43.2% in 2016 (P &lt; 0.001). Males and Hispanics had lower proportions of TAVI compared with females and White patients. Adjusted in-hospital mortality of isolated SAVR decreased from 5.4% in 2003 to 3.3% in 2016 (P &lt; 0.001), whereas adjusted in-hospital mortality of TAVI decreased from 4.7% in 2012 to 2.2% in 2016, P &lt; 0.001. The incidence of new dialysis, permanent pacemaker implantation, and blood transfusion decreased after both TAVI and SAVR between 2012 and 2016. However, the rate of post-operative stroke did not significantly decrease. Length of stay and cost of hospitalization decreased after both SAVR and TAVI, although the later remained higher with TAVI. Rates of non-home discharge decreased over time after TAVI but remained stable after isolated SAVR.

Conclusion
This nationwide survey documents the increasing incidence of AS interventions, the rising cost of modern AS care, and the paradigm shift in aortic valve replacement practice in the USA.
Tomography of crust and lithosphere in the western Indian Ocean from noise cross-correlations of land and ocean bottom seismometers
Authors: Hable Sarah , Sigloch Karin , Stutzmann Eléonore , Kiselev Sergey , Barruol Guilhem 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYWe use seismic noise cross-correlations to obtain a 3-D tomography model of SV-wave velocities beneath the western Indian Ocean, in the depth range of the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle. The study area covers 2000 × 2000 km2 between Madagascar and the three spreading ridges of the Indian Ocean, centred on the volcanic hotspot of La Réunion. We use seismograms from 38 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed by the RHUM-RUM project and 10 island stations on La Réunion, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Tromelin. Phase cross-correlations are calculated for 1119 OBS-to-OBS, land-to-OBS, and land-to-land station pairs, and a phase-weighted stacking algorithm yields robust group velocity measurements in the period range of 3–50 s. We demonstrate that OBS correlations across large interstation distances of >2000 km are of sufficiently high quality for large-scale tomography of ocean basins. Many OBSs yielded similarly good group velocity measurements as land stations. Besides Rayleigh waves, the noise correlations contain a low-velocity wave type propagating at 0.8–1.5 km s−1 over distances exceeding 1000 km, presumably Scholte waves travelling through seafloor sediments. The 100 highest-quality group velocity curves are selected for tomographic inversion at crustal and lithospheric depths. The inversion is executed jointly with a data set of longer-period, Rayleigh-wave phase and group velocity measurements from earthquakes, which had previously yielded a 3-D model of Indian Ocean lithosphere and asthenosphere. Robust resolution tests and plausible structural findings in the upper 30 km validate the use of noise-derived OBS correlations for adding crustal structure to earthquake-derived tomography of the oceanic mantle. Relative to crustal reference model CRUST1.0, our new shear-velocity model tends to enhance both slow and fast anomalies. It reveals slow anomalies at 20 km depth beneath La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues Ridge, Madagascar Rise, and beneath the Central Indian spreading ridge. These structures can clearly be associated with increased crustal thickness and/or volcanic activity. Locally thickened crust beneath La Réunion and Mauritius is probably related to magmatic underplating by the hotspot. In addition, these islands are characterized by a thickened lithosphere that may reflect the depleted, dehydrated mantle regions from which the crustal melts where sourced. Our tomography model is available as electronic supplement.
Methods to isolate retrograde and prograde Rayleigh-wave signals
Authors: Gribler Gabriel , Mikesell T Dylan 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYEstimating shear wave velocity with depth from Rayleigh-wave dispersion data is limited by the accuracy of fundamental and higher mode identification and characterization. In many cases, the fundamental mode signal propagates exclusively in retrograde motion, while higher modes propagate in prograde motion. It has previously been shown that differences in particle motion can be identified with multicomponent recordings and used to separate prograde from retrograde signals. Here we explore the domain of existence of prograde motion of the fundamental mode, arising from a combination of two conditions: (1) a shallow, high-impedance contrast and (2) a high Poisson ratio material. We present solutions to isolate fundamental and higher mode signals using multicomponent recordings. Previously, a time-domain polarity mute was used with limited success due to the overlap in the time domain of fundamental and higher mode signals at low frequencies. We present several new approaches to overcome this low-frequency obstacle, all of which utilize the different particle motions of retrograde and prograde signals. First, the Hilbert transform is used to phase shift one component by 90° prior to summation or subtraction of the other component. This enhances either retrograde or prograde motion and can increase the mode amplitude. Secondly, we present a new time–frequency domain polarity mute to separate retrograde and prograde signals. We demonstrate these methods with synthetic and field data to highlight the improvements to dispersion images and the resulting dispersion curve extraction.
Genome-wide association analysis of 350 000 Caucasians from the UK Biobank identifies novel loci for asthma, hay fever and eczema
Authors: Johansson Åsa , Rask-Andersen Mathias , Karlsson Torgny , Ek Weronica E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Even though heritability estimates suggest that the risk of asthma, hay fever and eczema is largely due to genetic factors, previous studies have not explained a large part of the genetics behind these diseases. In this genome-wide association study, we include 346 545 Caucasians from the UK Biobank to identify novel loci for asthma, hay fever and eczema and replicate novel loci in three independent cohorts. We further investigate if associated lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have a significantly larger effect for one disease compared to the other diseases, to highlight possible disease-specific effects. We identified 141 loci, of which 41 are novel, to be associated (P ≤ 3 × 10−8) with asthma, hay fever or eczema, analyzed separately or as disease phenotypes that includes the presence of different combinations of these diseases. The largest number of loci was associated with the combined phenotype (asthma/hay fever/eczema). However, as many as 20 loci had a significantly larger effect on hay fever/eczema only compared to their effects on asthma, while 26 loci exhibited larger effects on asthma compared with their effects on hay fever/eczema. At four of the novel loci, TNFRSF8, MYRF, TSPAN8, and BHMG1, the lead SNPs were in Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) (&gt;0.8) with potentially casual missense variants. Our study shows that a large amount of the genetic contribution is shared between the diseases. Nonetheless, a number of SNPs have a significantly larger effect on one of the phenotypes, suggesting that part of the genetic contribution is more phenotype specific.
AAV9-Stathmin1 gene delivery improves disease phenotype in an intermediate mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Villalón E , Kline R A , Smith C E , Lorson Z C , Osman E Y , O’Day S , Murray L M , Lorson C L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating infantile genetic disorder caused by the loss of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein that leads to premature death due to loss of motor neurons and muscle atrophy. The approval of an antisense oligonucleotide therapy for SMA was an important milestone in SMA research; however, effective next-generation therapeutics will likely require combinatorial SMN-dependent therapeutics and SMN-independent disease modifiers. A recent cross-disease transcriptomic analysis identified Stathmin-1 (STMN1), a tubulin-depolymerizing protein, as a potential disease modifier across different motor neuron diseases, including SMA. Here, we investigated whether viral-based delivery of STMN1 decreased disease severity in a well-characterized SMA mouse model. Intracerebroventricular delivery of scAAV9-STMN1 in SMA mice at P2 significantly increased survival and weight gain compared to untreated SMA mice without elevating Smn levels. scAAV9-STMN1 improved important hallmarks of disease, including motor function, NMJ pathology and motor neuron cell preservation. Furthermore, scAAV9-STMN1 treatment restored microtubule networks and tubulin expression without affecting tubulin stability. Our results show that scAAV9-STMN1 treatment improves SMA pathology possibly by increasing microtubule turnover leading to restored levels of stable microtubules. Overall, these data demonstrate that STMN1 can significantly reduce the SMA phenotype independent of restoring SMN protein and highlight the importance of developing SMN-independent therapeutics for the treatment of SMA.
Contests of legitimacy and value: the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and the logic of prohibition
Authors: Considine Laura 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The recently adopted Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) has caused much debate and controversy in global nuclear politics. Given that the stated goal of the TPNW supporters (states and NGOs alike) is to embed the treaty in the structures of nuclear governance and to strengthen its normative power, how likely is the TPNW to achieve these objectives? The article argues that the unique structures of legitimacy and value within which nuclear weapons are enmeshed place particular complications on the normative force of the TPNW as compared to previous humanitarian arms control initiatives, which has implications for the way in which the TPNW can function to consolidate a prohibitionary norm on nuclear weapons possession. The article uses the framing of legitimacy to analyse the complex structures within which the TPNW was adopted and within which it will enter into force, particularly focusing on the TPNW's relationship to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The article concludes that consolidation may require a further challenge to the existing structures of nuclear order than state actors have, so far, been willing to make. This work is based on first-hand observations from the TPNW negotiations and interviews with civil society actors at the United Nations in New York in June and July 2017.
Clinimetric properties and suitability of selected quality indicators for assessing antibiotic use in hospitalized adults: a multicentre point prevalence study in 24 hospitals in Germany
Authors: Först Gesche , Kern Winfried V , Weber Nadine , Querbach Christiane , Kleideiter Johannes , Knoth Holger , Hagel Stefan , Ambrosch Andreas , Löbermann Micha , Schröder Philipp , Borde Johannes , Steib-Bauert Michaela , de With Katja ,   ABS-QI Study Group, Binesch Faranak , Clausing Beate , Devide Anette , Donat Martina , Endler Katja , Feihl Susanne , Freidank Annette , Früchtel-Unterholzner Edeltraud , Gödde Norbert , Gründel Ralf , Grzibiela Wolfgang , Kaiser Réné , Kawecki Piotr , Kohlbrenner Stefan , Lerner Johanna , Lörs Edeltraud , Müller Matthias , Papathanasiou Nikolas , Peltroche Heidrun , Probst Wiltrud , Putzbach Jens , Reimer Marion , Reinwald Ann-Christin , Rusche Ruth , Scheerer Martin , Schulz Claudia , Zessin Enrico 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The capability to measure and monitor the quality of antibiotic prescribing is an important component of antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programmes. Several catalogues of consensus-based structure and process-of-care quality indicators (QIs) have been proposed, but only a few studies have tested and validated ABS QIs in practice tests. This multicentre study determined the clinimetric properties and suitability of a set of 33 process QIs for ABS that had earlier been developed and in part recommended in a German–Austrian hospital ABS practice guideline.

Methods
Two point prevalence surveys were conducted in a convenience sample of 24 acute care hospitals throughout Germany, and data of all screened adult inpatients with prescription of a systemic antibiotic at a given day (n=4310) were included in the study. For each QI, the following clinimetric properties were assessed: applicability, feasibility, performance, case mix stability and interobserver reliability.

Results
Eighteen QIs were considered sufficiently feasible, applicable and reliable, and had adequate room for improvement. The finally selected QIs primarily cover antibiotic therapy of common infections (bloodstream infection, pneumonia and urinary tract infection), while two of the QIs each address surgical prophylaxis and general aspects of antibiotic administration.

Conclusions
Practice tests may be important to test the suitability of consensus process-of-care QIs in the field of hospital ABS. The 18 selected QIs considered suitable enough for hospital ABS in this study should be regarded as priority QIs useful for internal quality control and assurance. More research and additional practice tests may be needed to confirm their suitability for external quality assessment schemes.
Taxonomy of the Sylvilagus brasiliensis complex in Central and South America (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)
Authors: Ruedas Luis A , Silva Sofia Marques , French Johnnie H , Platt Roy Nelson , Salazar-Bravo Jorge , Mora José M , Thompson Cody W 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA taxonomic framework for South American cottontail rabbits (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) was recently published by Diersing and Wilson (2017). Although we agree with some of its taxonomic conclusions (e.g., species status for S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens), we disagree with others. We provide herein evidence supporting S. andinus as a valid species based on morphological characters and novel molecular data. We also provide details of the morphological characters of S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens that support separating these from S. brasiliensis. We adduce data suggestive to the effect that—absent any type material—S. defilippi is at best a nomen dubium. Finally, we provide evidence in support of recognizing additional Neotropical species of Sylvilagus.Un esquema taxonómico para los conejos sudamericanos (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) fue recientemente publicado por Diersing y Wilson (2017). Aunque estamos de acuerdo con algunas de sus conclusiones (por ejemplo: estatus de especie válida para S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens), no estamos de acuerdo con las restantes conclusiones taxonómicas. Aportamos aquí pruebas convincentes sobre la característica naturaleza de los caracteres morfológicos y moleculares de S. andinus, pruebas que esgrimimos en apoyo de la hipótesis que esta última es una especie válida, así confirmando su escisión de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos detalles de los caracteres morfológicos de S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens que confirman la decisión taxonómica de asimismo separarlos de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos datos en aditamento que indican que a falta de cualquier material tipo para S. defilippi, este nombre es en el mejor de los casos un nomen dubium. Finalmente, ofrecemos datos y evidencia apoyando nuestras decisiones de reconocer un mayor número de especies Neotropicales de Sylvilagus que previamente se conocían.
Possible origin of the slow-diffusion region around Geminga
Authors: Fang Kun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Geminga pulsar is surrounded by a multiTeV γ-ray halo radiated by the high-energy electrons and positrons accelerated by the central pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The angular profile of the γ-ray emission reported by High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory indicates an anomalously slow diffusion for the cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in the halo region around Geminga. In the paper we study the possible mechanism for the origin of the slow diffusion. At first, we consider the self-generated Alfvén waves due to the streaming instability of the electrons and positrons released by Geminga. However, even considering a very optimistic scenario for the wave growth, we find this mechanism does not work to account for the extremely slow diffusion at the present day, if taking the proper motion of Geminga pulsar into account. The reason is straightforward as the PWN is too weak to generate enough high-energy electrons and positrons to stimulate strong turbulence at the late time. We then propose an assumption that the strong turbulence is generated by the shock wave of the parent supernova remnant (SNR) of Geminga. Geminga may still be inside the SNR, and we find that the SNR can provide enough energy to generate the slow-diffusion circumstance. The TeV haloes around PSR B0656+14, Vela X, and PSR J1826-1334 may also be explained under this assumption.