bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3 minutes to precisely measure morphogen concentration
Authors: Lucas Tanguy , Tran Huy , Perez Romero Carmina Angelica , Guillou Aurélien , Fradin Cécile , Coppey Mathieu , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Dostatni Nathalie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMorphogen gradients provide concentration-dependent positional information along polarity axes. Although the dynamics of establishment of these gradients is well described, precision and noise in the downstream activation processes remain elusive. A simple paradigm to address these questions is the Bicoid morphogen gradient that elicits a rapid step-like transcriptional response in young fruit fly embryos. Focusing on the expression of the main Bicoid target,hunchback(hb), at the onset of zygotic transcription, we used the MS2-MCP approach which combines fluorescent labeling of nascent mRNA with live imaging at high spatial and temporal resolution. Removing 36 putative Zelda binding sites unexpectedly present in the original MS2 reporter, we show that the 750 bp of thehbpromoter are sufficient to recapitulate endogenous expression at the onset of zygotic transcription. After each mitosis, in the anterior, expression is turned on to rapidly reach a plateau with all nuclei expressing the reporter. Consistent with a Bicoid dose-dependent activation process, the time period required to reach the plateau increases with the distance to the anterior pole. Remarkably, despite the challenge imposed by frequent mitoses and high nuclei-to-nuclei variability in transcription kinetics, it only takes 3 minutes at each interphase for the MS2 reporter loci to measure subtle differences in Bicoid concentration and establish a steadily positioned and steep (Hill coefficient ~ 7) expression boundary. Modeling based on cooperativity between the 6 known Bicoid binding sites in thehbpromoter region and assuming rate limiting concentrations of the Bicoid transcription factor at the boundary is able to capture the observed dynamics of pattern establishment but not the steepness of the boundary. This suggests that additional mechanisms are involved in the steepness of the response.
Sharīʿah-compliant deposit insurance scheme: a proposed additional modality
Authors: Mustafa Madaa , Najeeb Syed Faiq 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to make a first attempt to highlight the Sharīʿah-compliance challenges of existing Sharīʿah-compliant deposit insurance schemes (SCDIS), particularly the issue of subrogation to contributing parties in takāful-based SCDIS and the issue of receiving a fee for guarantee in kafālah-based SCDIS. The paper also aims to propose an additional cash waqf SCDIS structure that mitigates these challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed cash waqf scheme is assessed for compliance against classical works of Islamic jurisprudence and the contemporary regulations and standards of best practices for deposit insurance schemes.

Findings
The proposed cash waqf SCDIS structure is able to overcome the Sharīʿah and legal challenges in the existing SCDIS modalities, including subrogation and payment of fees for guarantee. Moreover, it is designed to comply with the International Association of Deposit Insurers’ Core Principles for effective deposit insurance schemes. Hence, a cash waqf structure is a viable alternative for jurisdictions to introduce SCDIS.

Originality/value
This paper introduces an additional cash waqf SCDIS modality and sets the foundation for future research in studying viable Sharīʿah-compliant deposit insurance modalities supporting a stable and resilient Islamic banking industry.
Preferential treatment from the defense industry for the military
Authors: Glas Andreas Herbert 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe military of today depends on the availability and readiness of high-technology weapon systems. As the military often has to focus on core tasks (the usage of systems), logistics and support tasks are outsourced to industry, which means that industrial suppliers gain importance for making weapon systems available and mission ready. However, companies are profit-maximizing and invest their best resources in the most promising business areas, which might be clients other than the (domestic) military customer. This raises the question of how the military can ensure that the defense industry provides the best performance: preferential treatment for the military. The purpose of this study is to investigate preferential treatment in the specific context of defense.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on the examination of factors influencing preferential treatment for the military. The analysis uses structural equation modeling and data from a sample of German defense suppliers.FindingsThe results show that the perceived customer attractiveness has a strong effect on preferential customer treatment. Attractiveness is influenced by trust, commitment and a comparison with other customers.Research limitations/implicationsThere are several implications for defense theory and practice, including the need for further consideration of relational in contrast to transactional practices in military–industrial supply collaboration, as these seem highly relevant for getting the best resources for producing and maintaining weapon systems. In addition, increasing customer attractiveness, in particular if the military lacks a domestic defense industry base, is proposed.Originality/valueThe findings are based on a focus sample of only defense suppliers. This paper transfers the industrial discussion about the buyer–supplier relationships and preferential customer treatment to the defense logistics research context.
Quality of nixtamalized, sprouted and baked multigrain chips
Authors: Agrahar-Murugkar Dipika , Zaidi Aiman , Dwivedi Shraddha 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to discover whether incorporating flours with high nutritive value along with pre-treatment of cereals with nixtamalization and sprouting of legumes would result in a high-quality healthy alternative for corn-based snacks.

Design/methodology/approach
Flours of nixtamalized cereals-corn, wheat, rice and sorghum and sprouted legumes-soybean and green gram are made into dough and baked instead of fried to form multi-grain chips. The particle size and physical properties of flour and nutritional, functional and textural properties of dough and chips are tested to study the effect of combination of nixtamalization of cereals and sprouting of legumes in the development of chips.

Findings
Baked multi-grain chips made of nixtamalized cereals and sprouted legumes had a significantly (p < 0.05) smaller particle size of 24.6 µm compared to T1 24.8 µm, C1 29.3 µm and C2 31.7 µm. T2 and C2 had significantly (p = 0.05) lower OAC value than C1 and T1 due to nixtamalization as nixtamalized flour needed half the amount of oil during dough formation. T1 showed highest calcium (mg/100 g) of 466 which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than all other groups. The overall acceptability of T2 (8.6) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than T1 (7.8), C2 (7.4) and C1 (6.8) on the nine-point Hedonic scale.

Originality/value
The developed chips are superior in terms of higher protein and minerals with better organoleptic acceptability and lower fat content in comparison to both corn chips and nixtamalized corn chips. The multi-grain chip therefore offers a new option for the consumer in high-quality healthy alternative to corn-based fried snacks.
Continuous improvement project within Kaizen: critical success factors in hospitals
Authors: Gonzalez-Aleu Fernando , Van Aken Eileen M. , Cross Jennifer , Glover Wiljeana J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Evidence suggests that hospitals are having problems achieving continuous improvement project (CIP) goals or sustaining their results. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify those critical success factors (CSFs) most strongly related to CIP success in hospitals (Lean-Kaizen project, Lean Six Sigma project, Six Sigma projects, and Quality Improvement projects).

Design/methodology/approach
A retrospective survey was applied to any CIP leaders/facilitators from hospitals that conducted at least one CIP during the last two years.

Findings
Three main findings were obtained from the 116 valid responses. First, the level of importance of 47 out of 53 CSFs to achieve CIPs success in hospitals was assessed as very important or higher (4 or higher on a six-point scale). Second, there are important differences between the CSFs to achieve CIP success in hospitals in this research and previous investigations. Third, the type of CIP affects the level of importance of 16 out of 53 CSFs to achieve CIP success in hospitals.

Originality/value
Practitioners involved with CIPs activities in hospitals could use the knowledge extracted from this investigation to improve the impact of their CIPs. Future research should continue in two lines: test if the 53 CSFs for CIPs measure a unique factor and identify the main relationships or paths between CSFs for CIPs and CIP outcomes.
Effects of “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (haplotype B) on Bactericera cockerelli fitness and vitellogenesis
Authors: Albuquerque Tomilhero Frias Angélica , Ibanez Freddy , Mendoza Azucena , de Carvalho Nunes William Mario , Tamborindeguy Cecilia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract“Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso) are phloem‐restricted and unculturable Gram‐negative bacteria. Presently five haplotypes have been identified worldwide; but only haplotypes A and B are associated with the vector Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc.) in the Americas. Previous studies showed that Lso‐infection reduces B. cockerelli reproductive output and that Lso haplotype B is more pathogenic than Lso haplotype A. To understand the interaction of Lso haplotype B and B. cockerelli, the fitness of Lso‐free and Lso B‐infected insects, and the expression of vitellogenin (BcVg1‐like), a gene involved directly in the insect reproduction were analyzed. Statistical differences in the number of eggs oviposited, and the total number of progeny nymphs and adults were found among crosses of insects with or without Lso. Significant differences in sex proportions were found between Lso B‐infected and Lso‐free crosses: a higher proportion of F1 adult females were obtained from Lso B‐infected mothers. A significant reduction of BcVg1‐like was observed in crosses performed with Lso B‐infected females compared to the Lso‐free insects. In female cohorts of different age, a significant reduction of BcVg1‐like expression was measured in 7‐d‐old Lso B‐infected females (virgin and mated) compared with 7‐d‐old Lso‐free females (virgin and mated), respectively. The reduction of BcVg1‐like transcript was associated with a lower number of developing oocytes observed in female's reproductive systems. Overall, this study represents the first step to understand the interaction of Lso B with B. cockerelli, highlighting the effect of Lso B infection on egg production, BcVg1‐like expression, and oocyte development.
To Rehabilitate or Not to Rehabilitate
Authors: MacKenzie Doris Layton , Lattimore Pamela K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, we review the recommendations on corrections made by the U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice under President Johnson in 1967 and compare these with the changes made in U.S. corrections over the past 50 years. Shortly after the Commission completed its report, dramatic changes occurred that impacted correctional policy and practice as support for law and order and correctional control moved corrections far from the Commission's recommendations for rehabilitation. The results of this research demonstrate that these approaches have not solved the nation's crime problems and have imposed hardships on individuals and communities. A current focus on evidence‐based corrections may provide a model for future decision making depending on whether the “times are ripe” for a return to a philosophy of rehabilitation. Any new commission will benefit from the research evidence that points to successful correctional interventions. Yet, there is much that still needs to be studied and learned. A new commission must be aware of and respond to the broader social conditions and beliefs and opinions of policy makers and the public that will influence receptivity to correctional reform. Recommendations should include clear guidelines for how research findings could be used to answer the still unanswered questions about rehabilitation interventions, as well as for how to ensure quality program delivery and public safety.
The Courts in a Fragmented Criminal Justice System
Authors: Gest Ted 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice under President Johnson in 1967 outlined a central role for courts in the criminal justice system. That role, however, has been somewhat diminished by the dominance of plea bargaining and the legislative enactment of mandatory minimum sentences that limit judges’ discretion. At the same time, judges have become more involved in specialized courts dealing in cases involving drugs and mental illness. A major topic of concern is the lower courts, which in many areas have changed little since the 1960s Commission. In those places, the traditional adversary process is not operating well, with many defendants pleading guilty unnecessarily in a system that may be designed primarily to collect fees. In violent crime cases, the imposition of capital punishment remains a controversial issue for states that is not likely to be resolved by a new national commission. The central court functions of sentencing and overseeing plea bargains are discussed elsewhere in this volume.
Endoscopic needle‐knife treatment for symptomatic esophageal Zenker’s diverticulum: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Lian Yong , Yang Yong Tao , Qu Chang Min , Liang Shu Wen , Zhong Chang Qing , Wang Xiao Ying , Chen Yan , Spandorfer Robert M. , Christofaro Sarah , Cai Qiang 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety following endoscopic management of Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD) using a needle‐knife technique.METHODSA systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases was performed. All original studies reporting efficacy and safety of needle‐knife technique for treatment of ZD were included. Pooled event rates across studies were expressed with summative statistics. Main outcomes, such as rates of immediate symptomatic response (ISR), adverse events and recurrence, were extracted, pooled and analyzed. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the R statistic. The random effects model was used and results were expressed with forest plots and summative statistics.RESULTSThirteen studies included 589 patients were enrolled. Pooled event rates for ISR, overall complication, bleeding and perforation were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI] 79–94%), 13% (95% CI 8–22%), 5% (95% CI 3–10%) and 7% (95% CI 4–12%), respectively. The pooled data demonstrated an overall recurrence rate of 14% (95% CI 9–21%). Diverticulum size of at least 4 cm and less than 4 cm demonstrated pooled adverse event rates of 17% (95% CI 10–27%) and 7% (95% CI 2–18%), respectively. When using diverticuloscope as an accessory, pooled ISR and adverse events rates were 84% (95% CI 58–95%) and 10% (95% CI 3–26%), respectively.CONCLUSIONFlexible endoscopic procedures using needle‐knife offers a relatively safe and effective treatment of symptomatic ZD, especially for ZD of <4 cm in diameter.
SDGs, Foreign Ministries and the Art of Partnering with the Private Sector
Authors: Kamphof Ries , Melissen Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGovernment policies supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and sustainability criteria, as well as commercial goals, aim at an enabling multi‐actor environment. However, they do not prevent friction, lack of mutual understanding and cultural clashes with the private sector. We argue that this relational issue is a considerable and relatively neglected concern, albeit readily recognized by practitioners, and is potentially obstructing the achievement of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. It also deserves more scholarly attention. In articulating and discussing public–private relations, in this exploratory project we point to a theoretical challenge that touches on the ontological and epistemological core of international studies. Apart from analysing relevant literatures, we have benefited from varied data collection with input from policy makers, diplomats, business representatives and consulted experts across cultures. Our starting point is that public–private partnerships that are necessary to reach the targets of the UN's 2030 Agenda pose a test for ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs). These new kinds of SDG partnerships differ from early 21st‐century public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the field of development cooperation. Leaving aside risk factors facing companies in our research, we identify three main SDG partnership puzzles for government.
The safety, effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of cytisine in achieving six‐month continuous smoking abstinence in tuberculosis patients—protocol for a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: Dogar Omara , Barua Deepa , Boeckmann Melanie , Elsey Helen , Fatima Razia , Gabe Rhian , Huque Rumana , Keding Ada , Khan Amina , Kotz Daniel , Kralikova Eva , Newell James N. , Nohavova Iveta , Parrott Steve , Readshaw Anne , Renwick Lottie , Sheikh Aziz , Siddiqi Kamran ,   on behalf of the TB and Tobacco project consortium
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsTuberculosis (TB) patients who quit smoking have much better disease outcomes than those who continue to smoke. In general populations, behavioural support combined with pharmacotherapy is the most effective strategy in helping people to quit. However, there is no evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy in TB patients who smoke. We will assess the safety, effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of cytisine—a low‐cost plant‐derived nicotine substitute—for smoking cessation in TB patients compared with placebo, over and above brief behavioural support.DesignTwo‐arm, parallel, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre (30 sites in Bangladesh and Pakistan), individually randomized trial.SettingTB treatment centres integrated into public health care systems in Bangladesh and Pakistan.ParticipantsNewly diagnosed (in the last 4 weeks) adult pulmonary TB patients who are daily smokers (with or without dual smokeless tobacco use) and are interested in quitting (n = 2388).MeasurementsThe primary outcome measure is biochemically verified continuous abstinence from smoking at 6 months post‐randomization, assessed using Russell Standard criteria. The secondary outcome measures include continuous abstinence at 12 months, lapses and relapses; clinical TB outcomes; nicotine dependency and withdrawal; and adverse events.CommentsThis is the first smoking cessation trial of cytisine in low‐ and middle‐income countries evaluating both cessation and TB outcomes. If found effective, cytisine could become the most affordable cessation intervention to help TB patients who smoke.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide is upregulated in women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Bourlev Vladimir , Moberg Christian , Ilyasova Natalia , Davey Eva , Kunovac Kallak Theodora , Olovsson Matts 
Published: April 2018

ProblemChronic pelvic pain (CPP) causes compromised the quality of life in women with endometriosis and is often attributed to local inflammation and ingrowth of nerve fibers. In this pilot study, we aimed to investigate whether the inflammation‐related vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and interleukin (IL)‐6 were increased in affected patients.Method of studyEndometrial and endometriotic tissue biopsy specimens, and serum and peritoneal fluid (PF) samples, were obtained from 85 endometriosis patients and 53 controls. VIP and IL‐6 analysis and measurement of microvessel density in tissue were performed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT‐qPCR, and ELISA.ResultsCompared with controls, VIP transcript and protein levels were increased in endometrium from endometriosis patients and further elevated in patients with CPP. In addition, microvessel density, a measurement of angiogenic activity, was increased in the endometrium and in endometriosis lesions in the same subset of patients. Serum and PF levels of VIP and IL‐6 were higher in women with endometriosis and CPP compared with endometriosis patients who reported no chronic pain.ConclusionVasoactive intestinal peptide is upregulated in endometriosis patients reporting chronic pain. Increased microvessel density in tissue and peritoneal fluid concentrations of IL‐6 indicate an elevated inflammation in the pelvic microenvironment of these patients.
Letter: vedolizumab for autoimmune liver disease associated inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Pavlidis P. , Graham J. , Gulati S. , Dubois P. , Heneghan M. , Joshi D. , Hayee B. 
Published: April 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Christensen et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14525 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14638.
The canary in the coal mine: Continence care for people with dementia in acute hospital wards as a crisis of dehumanization
Authors: Boddington Paula , Featherstone Katie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractContinence is a key moment of care that can tell us about the wider care of people living with dementia within acute hospital wards. The spotlight is currently on the quality of hospital care of older people across the UK, yet concerns persist about their poor treatment, neglect, abuse, and discrimination within this setting. Thus, within hospitals, the care of people living with dementia is both a welfare issue and a human rights issue. The challenge of continence care for people living with dementia can be seen as the ‘canary in the coal mine’ for the unravelling of dignity within the acute setting. This paper draws on an ethnographic study within five hospitals in England and Wales, selected to represent a range of hospital types, geographies and socio‐economic catchments. Observational fieldwork was carried out over 154 days in acute hospitals known to admit large numbers of people living with dementia. This paper starts to fill the gap between theory and data by providing an in‐depth ethnographic analysis examining the ways in which treatment as a person is negotiated, achieved or threatened. We examine how the twin assaults on agency of a diagnosis of dementia and of incontinence threaten personhood. The acute threats to this patient group may then act to magnify perils to treatment as a person. Our findings suggest that personal dignity and the social construction of moral personhood are both threatened and maintained in such a setting. We show how empirical ethnographic data can lend weight to, and add detail to, theoretical accounts of moral personhood and dignity.