bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fused Aromatic Network Structures as a Platform for Efficient Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mahmood Javeed , Anjum Mohsin Ali Raza , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFused aromatic network (FAN) structures are a category of ordered porous polymers that permit the specific fusion of building blocks into extended porous network structures with designed skeletons and pores. One significant feature of FANs is that their structures can be tailorable with fused aromatic rings without rotatable single‐bond connectivity. As a result, the geometry and space orientation of the building blocks are easily incorporated to guide the topological expansion of the architectural periodicity. The variety of building units and fused linkages make FANs a promising materials platform for constitutional outline and functional design. The stably confined spaces of FAN architectures can be extended for the exchange of photons, ions, electrons, holes, and guest molecules, and exhibit customized chemical, electrochemical and optical properties. Herein, the main progress and advances in the field of 2D and 3D FANs and their utilization as a platform to develop efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage applications are summarized.
Photodetachable Adhesion
Authors: Gao Yang , Wu Kangling , Suo Zhigang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPeeling from strong adhesion is hard, and sometimes painful. Herein, an approach is described to achieve both strong adhesion and easy detachment. The latter is triggered, on‐demand, through an exposure to light of a certain frequency range. The principle of photodetachable adhesion is first demonstrated using two hydrogels as adherends. Each hydrogel has a covalent polymer network, but does not have functional groups for bonding, so that the two hydrogels by themselves adhere poorly. The two hydrogels, however, adhere strongly when an aqueous solution of polymer chains is spread on the surfaces of the hydrogels and is triggered to form a stitching polymer network in situ, in topological entanglement with the pre‐existing polymer networks of the two hydrogels. The two hydrogels detach easily when the stitching polymer network is so functionalized that it undergoes a gel–sol transition in response to a UV light. For example, two pieces of alginate–polyacrylamide hydrogels achieve adhesion energies about 1400 and 10 J m−2, respectively, before and after the UV radiation. Experiments are conducted to study the physics and chemistry of this strong and photodetachable adhesion, and to adhere and detach various materials, including hydrogels, elastomers, and inorganic solids.
Current‐Enhanced Broadband THz Emission from Spintronic Devices
Authors: Chen Mengji , Wu Yang , Liu Yang , Lee Kyusup , Qiu Xuepeng , He Pan , Yu Jiawei , Yang Hyunsoo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn ultra‐broadband terahertz (THz) emitter covering a wide range of frequencies from 0.1 to 10 THz is highly desired for spectroscopy applications. So far, spintronic THz emitters have been proven as one class of efficient THz sources with a broadband spectrum while the performance in the lower THz frequency range (0.1–0.5 THz) limits its applications. In this work, a novel concept of a current‐enhanced broad spectrum from spintronic THz emitters combined with semiconductor materials is demonstrated. A 2–3 order enhancement of the THz signals in a lower THz frequency range (0.1–0.5 THz) is observed, in addition to a comparable performance at higher frequencies from this hybrid emitter. With a bias current, there is a photoconduction contribution from semiconductor materials, which can be constructively interfered with the THz signals generated from the magnetic heterostructures driven by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). These findings push forward the utilization of metallic heterostructure‐based THz emitters on the ultra‐broadband THz emission spectroscopy.
One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Bicyclization Strategy for Synthesis of 2‐(1H‐Indol‐1‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydrothiazoles and 2‐(1H‐Indol‐1‐yl)thiazol‐5‐yl Aryl Ketones with Molecular Oxygen as an Oxygen Source
Authors: Xie Jialin , Guo Zhonglin , Huang Yuanqiong , Qu Yi , Song Hongjian , Song Haibin , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn atom‐economical method for synthesizing N‐heterocyclic indoles from readily available o‐alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates and propargylamine derivatives is reported. This method involves a copper‐catalyzed cascade bicyclization process consisting of an intramolecular 5‐exo‐dig hydrothiolation reaction and an intramolecular hydroamination reaction and, depending on whether or not molecular oxygen is present, selectively affords Z‐isomers of 2‐(1H‐indol‐1‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydrothiazoles or 2‐(1H‐indol‐1‐yl)thiazol‐5‐yl aryl ketones in satisfactory yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that molecular oxygen acts as the oxygen source for the ketone moiety in the products.magnified image
The Role of Charge Selective Contacts in Perovskite Solar Cell Stability
Authors: Roose Bart , Wang Qiong , Abate Antonio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells have rapidly achieved high efficiencies comparable to established commercial photovoltaic technologies. The main focus of the field is now shifting toward improving the device lifetime. Many efforts have been made to increase the stability of the perovskite compound and charge‐selective contacts. The electron and hole selective contacts are responsible for the transport of photogenerated charges out of the solar cell and are in intimate contact with the perovskite absorber. Besides the intrinsic stability of the selective contacts themselves, the interfaces at perovskite/selective contact and metal/selective contact play an important role in determining the overall operational lifetime of perovskite solar cells. This review discusses the impact of external factors, i.e., heat, UV‐light, oxygen, and moisture, and measured conditions, i.e., applied bias on the overall stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The authors summarize and analyze the reported strategies, i.e., material engineering of selective contacts and interface engineering via the introduction of interlayers in the aim of enhancing the device stability of PSCs at elevated temperatures, high humidity, and UV irradiation. Finally, an outlook is provided with an emphasis on inorganic contacts that is believed to be the key to achieving highly stable PSCs.
Co2(CO)8‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Arylsulfonyl Transfer Process via the S‐N Bond Cleavage of N‐Cyano‐N‐Phenyl Arenesulfonamides
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Yang Pan‐Pan , Chen Guo‐Qin , Xie Xin‐Yun , Li Zhi‐Wei , Li Wen‐Sheng , Liu Wei‐Dong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAir‐ and bench‐stable N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl arenesulfonamides (NCASs) have been demonstrated to be sulfonylating agents for the synthesis of N‐arylsulfonyl benzimidazoles catalyzed by dicobalt octacarbony, Co2(CO)8, without any bases. This protocol undergoes an intermolecular N‐ to N‐arylsulfonyl transfer process involving the S−N bond cleavage of NCASs instead of normal CN group migration via the C−N bond scission.
Left atrial appendage occlusion using a Watchman device in a transplanted heart with biatrial anastomosis
Authors: Poulin Marie‐France , Mohamedali Burhan , Kavinsky Clifford J. , Krishnan Kousik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion using a Watchman device was performed in a patient with prior biatrial anastomosis orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Due to the anatomical changes following biatrial anastomosis, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) imaging and transseptal puncture become technically challenging. We describe how the standard LAA views on TEE were obtained for device sizing, and how the transseptal puncture was modified to cross the scarred septum. This case demonstrates that LAA occlusion using a Watchman device in biatrial anastomosis OHT is safe and can successfully be done.
Graphene‐hBN Hybrid Nanogap for Boosting DNA Nucleobases Recognition Sensitivity
Authors: Panahi S. F. K. S. , Namiranian Afshin , Jamaati Maryam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe construction of hybrid graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanodevices with applications in sensing could make it possible to tailor hybrid nanogap architectures. Here, we explore the advantages of hybrid graphene/hexagonal boron nitride nanogaps to improve the sensing of DNA nucleobases compared to graphene nanogaps. To this end, ab‐initio calculations are employed to investigate both the electronic properties of different graphene/hBN hybrids and the transport properties of DNA nucleobases located between aforementioned hybrid nanogaps. Our results show that hybrid nanogaps with boron interfaces shift the HOMO toward the Fermi energy leading to a better transmission coefficient in the vicinity of the Fermi energy level. In addition, nanogaps with boron interfaces and narrower graphene nanoroads enhance the sensitivity at and around the Fermi energy level for all nucleobases, especially for small ones.
A Splitting Theorem for Scalar Curvature
Authors: Chodosh Otis , Eichmair Michael , Moraru Vlad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that a Riemannian 3‐manifold with nonnegative scalar curvature is flat if it contains an area‐minimizing cylinder. This scalar‐curvature analogue of the classical splitting theorem of J. Cheeger and D. Gromoll (1971) was conjectured by D. Fischer‐Colbrie and R. Schoen (1980) and by M. Cai and G. Galloway (2000). © 2018 the Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics is published by the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An efficient weighted trust‐based malicious node detection scheme for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zawaideh Firas , Salamah Muhammed 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe aim of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to gather sensor data from a monitored environment. However, the collected or reported information might be falsified by faults or malicious nodes. Hence, identifying malicious nodes in an effective and timely manner is essential for the network to function properly and reliably. Maliciously behaving nodes are usually detected and isolated by reputation and trust‐based schemes before they can damage the network. In this paper, we propose an efficient weighted trust‐based malicious node detection (WT‐MND) scheme that can detect malicious nodes in a clustered WSN. The node behaviors are realistically treated by accounting for false‐positive and false‐negative instances. The simulation results confirm the timely identification and isolation of maliciously behaving nodes by the WT‐MND scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is afforded by the adaptive trust‐update process, which implicitly performs trust recovery of temporarily malfunctioning nodes and computes a different trust‐update factor for each node depending on its behavior. The proposed scheme is more effective and scalable than the related schemes in the literature, as evidenced by its higher detection ratio (DR) and lower misdetection ratio (MDR), which only slightly vary with the network's size. Moreover, the scheme sustains its efficient characteristics without significant power consumption overheads.
New measures for evaluation of environmental perturbations using Before‐After‐Control‐Impact analyses
Authors: Chevalier Mathieu , Russell James C. , Knape Jonas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBefore‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) designs are powerful tools to derive inferences about environmental perturbations (e.g., hurricanes, restoration programs) when controlled experimental designs are unfeasible. Applications of BACI designs mostly rely on testing for a significant interaction between periods and treatments (so‐called BACI contrast) to demonstrate the effects of the perturbation. However, significant interactions can emerge for several reasons, including when changes are larger in control sites, such that additional diagnostics must be performed to determine the full complexity of system changes. We propose two measures that detail the nature of change implied by BACI contrasts, along with its uncertainty. CI‐divergence (Control‐Impact divergence) quantifies to what extent control and impact sites have diverged between the after and the before period, whereas CI‐contribution (Control‐Impact contribution) quantifies to what extent the change between periods is stronger in impact sites relative to control sites. To illustrate how these two CI measures can be combined with BACI contrast to gain insights about effects of environmental perturbations, we used count data from the Swedish Breeding Bird Survey to investigate how hurricane Gudrun affected the long‐term abundances of four bird species in forested areas of southern Sweden. Before‐After‐Control‐Impact contrasts suggested the hurricane affected all four species. However, the values of the two CI measures strongly differed, even among species showing similar BACI contrasts. Those differences highlight qualitatively distinct population trajectories between periods and treatments requiring different ecological explanations. Overall, we show that BACI contrasts do not provide the full story in assessing the effects of environmental perturbations. The two CI measures can be used to assist ecological interpretations, or to specify detailed hypotheses about effects of restoration actions to allow stronger confirmatory inference about their outcomes. By providing a framework to develop more detailed explanations and hypotheses about ecological changes, the two CI measures can improve conclusions and strengthen evidence of effects of conservation actions and impact assessments under BACI designs.
Defining a ‘frequent admitter’ phenotype among patients with repeat heart failure admissions
Authors: Go Yun Yun , Sellmair Reinhard , Allen John C. , Sahlén Anders , Bulluck Heerajnarain , Sim David , Jaufeerally Fazlur R. , MacDonald Michael R. , Lim Zhan Yun , Chai Ping , Loh Seet Yoong , Yap Jonathan , Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: December 2018

AimsWe aimed to identify a ‘frequent admitter’ phenotype among patients admitted for acute decompensated heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsWe studied 10 363 patients in a population‐based prospective HF registry (2008–2012), segregated into clusters based on their 3‐year HF readmission frequency trajectories. Using receiver‐operating characteristic analysis, we identified the index year readmission frequency threshold that most accurately predicts HF admission frequency clusters. Two clusters of HF patients were identified: a high frequency cluster (90.9%, mean 2.35 ± 3.68 admissions/year) and a low frequency cluster (9.1%, mean 0.50 ± 0.81 admission/year). An index year threshold of two admissions was optimal for distinguishing between clusters. Based on this threshold, ‘frequent admitters’, defined as patients with ≥ 2 HF admissions in the index year (n = 2587), were of younger age (68 ± 13 vs 69 ± 13 years), more often male (58% vs. 54%), smokers (38.4% vs. 34.4%) and had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (37 ± 17 vs. 41 ± 17%) compared to ‘non‐frequent admitters’ (< 2 HF admissions in the index year; n = 7776) (all P < 0.001). Despite similar rates of advanced care utilization, frequent admitters had longer length of stay (median 4.3 vs. 4.0 days), higher annual inpatient costs (€ 7015 vs. € 2967) and higher all‐cause mortality at 3 years compared to the non‐frequent admitters (adjusted odds ratio 2.33, 95% confidence interval 2.11–2.58; P < 0.001).Conclusion‘Frequent admitters’ have distinct clinical characteristics and worse outcomes compared to non‐frequent admitters. This study may provide a means of anticipating the HF readmission burden and thereby aid in healthcare resource distribution relative to the HF admission frequency phenotype.
Population analysis of socioeconomic status and otolaryngologist distribution on head and neck cancer outcomes
Authors: Pagedar Nitin A. , Davis Andrew B. , Sperry Steven M. , Charlton Mary E. , Lynch Charles F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between clinical outcomes and geographic determinants is not well known for head and neck cancer. Socioeconomic status (SES) factors and the distribution of health care resources might impact outcomes.MethodsHead and neck cancer cases in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were studied. Patient‐level prognostic factors were identified from the SEER, and county‐level factors were identified from the Area Health Resource File. Stage at presentation and observed survival were the outcomes of interest, with predictive factors identified by multivariate logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, tumor site, sex, race, marital status, rural residence, and county poverty level predicted stage at presentation. Sex, race, marital status, county‐level poverty, and number of otolaryngologists predicted observed survival.ConclusionAdverse county‐level SES predicted advanced cancer stage at presentation and diminished observed survival. SES was a stronger predictor of patient outcomes than rurality or number of otolaryngologists.
Association between comorbidity and survival in head and neck cancer: Results from Head and Neck 5000
Authors: Schimansky Sarah , Lang Samantha , Beynon Rhona , Penfold Christopher , Davies Amy , Waylen Andrea , Thomas Steve , Pring Miranda , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Ness Andy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople with head and neck cancer have higher comorbidity levels but it remains unclear if pretreatment comorbidity is an independent prognosticator in head and neck cancer.MethodsSurvival analyses were performed using data from participants in a UK multicentre cohort study with cancers of the oral cavity (n = 668), oropharynx (n = 1074), and larynx (n = 530). Survival analyses were incrementally adjusted for age, sex, marital status, income, education, stage, alcohol, and smoking.ResultsAfter adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral confounders, higher baseline comorbidity was associated with reduced overall survival (mild comorbidity HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.7; moderate comorbidity HR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3, 2.2; severe comorbidity HR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.9, 4.; P‐trend<.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that comorbidity is an independent prognosticator for overall survival in head and neck cancer. Comorbid illnesses should be considered in the assessment and treatment planning of people with head and neck cancer.
Mononuclear cell collection for extracorporeal photopheresis by using the “off‐line” system: A comparative study between COBE Spectra and Spectra Optia devices
Authors: Pascual Cristina , González‐Arias Elena , Pérez‐Corral Ana María , Bailén Rebeca , Gayoso Jorge , Besson Nelly , Serrano David , Kwon Mi , Anguita Javier , Díez‐Martín José Luis 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an efficient and established therapy to treat acute and chronic graft vs host disease (GVHD). Using an “off‐line” method, the first step (mononuclear cell [MNC] collection) is decisive, as long as a high MNC yield and purity in the collected product is desirable. Two “off‐line” devices were compared: the COBE Spectra and the Spectra Optia (Terumo BCT), using both continuous and intermittent protocols.Patients and methodsTwelve patients with GvHD (7 acute/5 chronic) were enrolled between June 2014 and May 2015 and were alternatively assigned for each procedure to either the COBE Spectra or the Spectra Optia cell separator. Patients characteristics and procedure/product parameters were analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred procedures (100 per device) were included. The Spectra Optia system showed higher total nucleated cells and MNC collection efficiencies (18.6(10.2‐29.7) vs 7.9(4.1‐14.8)% and 43.6(20.3‐59.5) vs 23.3(11.4‐37.1)%, P < .001) and monocyte and lymphocyte collection efficiencies (55.2(17.7‐83.2) vs 22.8(9‐38.9)% and 38.3(26.7‐53.4) vs 22.2(9‐38.9)%, respectively, P < .001). Absolute platelet loss (PL) and PL per liter of blood processed were significantly lower in the Spectra Optia group (22.9(18.3‐28.1) vs 33.6(26.5‐41.1)%, P < .001 and 3.7(3.1‐4.5) vs 4.3(3.5‐4.2)%, P = .01, respectively). However, granulocyte contamination was higher (4.5(1.3‐36) vs 1.2(0.4‐5.7)%, P < .001) and a higher product haematocrit was obtained with the Spectra Optia (1(0.5‐1.6) vs 0.3(0.2‐0.5)%, P < .001), without an impact on irradiation time.ConclusionsIn our study, Spectra Optia proved to be safe and effective in collecting MNC with high yield and purity for ECP in GvHD.
Long non‐coding RNAs in cancer: Another layer of complexity
Authors: de Oliveira Jaqueline Carvalho , Oliveira Luana Caroline , Mathias Carolina , Pedroso Gabrielle Araújo , Lemos Debora Souza , Salviano‐Silva Amanda , Jucoski Tayana Schultz , Lobo‐Alves Sara Cristina , Zambalde Erika Pereira , Cipolla Gabriel Adelman , Gradia Daniela Fiori 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe review the most well characterized long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with important roles in hallmarks of cancer, additionally including lncRNAs with a higher potential for clinical application. LncRNAs are transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides in length that do not appear to have protein‐coding potential, although some of those may produce small functional peptides. These transcripts have attracted significant attention from researchers as a result of their role in genetic regulation, including epigenetic, transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulation, being involved in numerous biological processes, as well as being associated with multifactorial diseases, including tumorigenesis. The hallmarks of cancer include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis and activating invasion/metastasis. Additionally, genome instability, inflammation, reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction and lncRNAs are implicated in all hallmarks of cancer. Based on the great number of studies describing lncRNAs associated with diverse aspects of most tumor types, lncRNAs have essential roles in potentially all biological features of cancer cells and show great utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as exemplified by PCA3 lncRNA detection in prostate cancer diagnosis.