bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retracted: The Social Context of Criminal Threat, Victim Race, and Punitive Black and Latino Sentiment
Authors: Stewart Eric A , Johnson Brian D , Warren Patricia Y , Rosario Jordyn L , Hughes Cresean 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA well-established body of research focuses on the relationship between criminal threat and the exercise of formal social control, and a largely separate literature examines the effects of victim race in criminal punishment. Despite their close association, few attempts have been made to integrate these related lines of empirical inquiry in the sociology of punishment. In this article, we address this issue by examining relationships among criminal threat, victim race, and punitive sentiment toward black and Latino defendants. We analyze nationally representative survey data that include both subjective and objective measures of criminal threat, and we incorporate unique information on victim/offender dyads to test research questions about the that role victim race plays in the formation of anti-black and anti-Latino sentiment in the criminal justice system. The results indicate that both subjective perceptions of criminal threat and minority population growth are significantly related to punitiveness among whites, and that punitive sentiment is enhanced in situations that involve minority offenders and white victims. Moreover, we show that aggregate indicators of racial threat strongly condition the effect of victim race on punitive attitudes. Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to racial group threat theories and current perspectives on the exercise of state-sponsored social control.
Prominent Information of jN3 Positive in Stage III Colorectal Cancer Removed by D3 Dissection: Retrospective Analysis of 6866 Patients From a Multi-institutional Database in Japan
Authors: Shinto Eiji , Hida Jin-ichi , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Hase Kazuo , Ueno Hideki , Watanabe Toshiaki , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
The presence of main or lateral lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer is classified as jN3 by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Whether information on jN3 status adds value to the TNM classification remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to assess the prognostic relevance of colorectal cancer nodal staging through the Japanese jN3 categorization compared with that through TNM.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective study.

SETTING:
The study used the multi-institutional database of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.

PATIENTS:
Clinical and pathological data of 6866 patients with histologically proven stage III colorectal cancer who underwent curative surgery (R0) with D3 dissection between 1995 and 2006 were derived from the database.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
We investigated the prognostic significance of jN3 status in each TNM N class (N1/N2a/N2b) and stage (IIIA/IIIB/IIIC) based on cancer-specific survival.

RESULTS:
Comparison of cancer-specific survival rates revealed significant differences between jN3+ and jN3− colorectal cancer patient groups according to the TNM N status (5-year cancer-specific survival; N1, 70.4% (jN3+) vs 85.5% (jN3−), p < 0.001; N2a, 59.2% vs 77.0%, p < 0.001; N2b, 39.2% vs 68.7%, p < 0.001) and the TNM stage (stage IIIA, 72.5% vs 94.9%, p < 0.001; stage IIIB, 67.9% vs 84.0%, p < 0.001; stage IIIC, 42.4% vs 70.6%, p < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by its retrospective nature.

CONCLUSIONS:
Assessment and inclusion of jN3 status are of clinical importance for patients with stage III colorectal cancer with D3 dissection, because it contributes to improved understanding of recurrence risk and subsequent decision-making for follow-up procedures and adjuvant therapy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A506.
Human-Derived Amniotic Membrane Is Associated With Decreased Postoperative Intraperitoneal Adhesions in a Rat Model
Authors: Kuckelman John P. , Kononchik Joseph , Smith Joshua , Kniery Kevin R. , Kay Jeffrey T. , Hoffer Zachary S. , Steele Scott R. , Sohn Vance 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Complications from adhesions after intra-abdominal surgery accounts for ~6% of hospital admissions. Currently, hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose represents the main option to prevent postoperative adhesion formation. Human amniotic membrane contains inherent anti-inflammatory properties that mitigate adhesion formation.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate adhesion generation after surgical trauma with amniotic membranes compared with standard intraperitoneal adhesion barriers.

DESIGN:
This study is a double-blinded, prospective evaluation.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at an animal research facility.

ANIMALS:
Forty male rats were studied.

INTERVENTION:
Laparotomy was performed with peritoneal disruption to the cecum. Animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups: sham, control, saline, hyaluronic acid membrane, or amniotic membrane. Animals were euthanized at 14 days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Independent gross and histological assessments of adhesions were analyzed between groups by using adhesion scoring and microscopy. Scoring was based on the percentage of the cecum involved (0–4), vascularity of adhesions (0–3), strength (0–3), inflammation (0–3), and fibrosis (0–3). Adhered tissue was harvested for polymerase chain reaction analysis for gene regulation activity.

RESULTS:
All rats survived 14 days. Adhesions were observed in all animals. There were significantly fewer adhesions in the amniotic membrane group (2) versus hyaluronic acid (3) group (p = 0.01). The percentage of adhesion to the cecum was lower in the amniotic membrane group (29%) than in the hyaluronic acid group (47%, p = 0.04). Histological examination showed no significant difference between or within the 3 groups for inflammation or fibrosis. Genetic analysis of adhered tissues supported high rates of epithelialization and inhibition of fibrosis in the amniotic membrane group.

LIMITATIONS:
We are limited by the small sample size and the preclinical nature of the study.

CONCLUSION:
Human-derived amniotic membrane is effective at reducing intraperitoneal adhesion after surgical trauma and is superior to the current antiadhesion barriers. Amniotic membranes are well absorbed and demonstrate short-term safety. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A554.
Management and Outcome After Multivisceral Resections in Patients with Locally Advanced Primary Colon Cancer
Authors: Rosander Emma , Nordenvall Caroline , Sjövall Annika , Hjern Fredrik , Holm Torbjörn 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Locally advanced colon cancer invading surrounding organs or structures is challenging to surgeons and oncologists. Multivisceral resections with tumor removal en bloc with invaded tissues provide the best chance for cure.

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to assess the management and outcomes after multivisceral resections in patients with clinically infiltrative, locally advanced primary colon cancer.

DESIGN:
This is a descriptive retrospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
A total of 121 consecutive patients with locally advanced primary colon cancer underwent en bloc multivisceral resections at a tertiary referral unit for colorectal cancer between 2007 and 2014.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Patient demographics, surgical details, histopathological findings, and outcomes were analyzed through registry data and reviews of patient files.

RESULTS:
An R0 resection was achieved in 112 patients (92.6%), and an R1 resection was achieved in 9 patients (7.4%). Actual tumor cell infiltration in resected tissues was found in 77 patients (63.6%), and inflammation was found in 44 patients (36.4%). The estimated 5-year overall survival was 60.8% and 86.9%. Survival was significantly better after R0 than after R1 resections. After a median follow-up of 28 months, recurrent disease was diagnosed in 25 patients (20.7%). Female sex, low tumor stage, and adjuvant chemotherapy, but not tumor infiltration per se, were independently associated with better overall survival in a multivariate analysis.

LIMITATIONS:
The main limitations of the study are the retrospective design and the fact that all patients were operated on at 1 institution by a small number of surgeons.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with locally advanced colon cancer can be cured with an R0 resection. All involved surrounding tissues should be removed en bloc with the primary tumor. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A548.
Task interference and distraction efficacy in patients with fibromyalgia: an experimental investigation
Authors: Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M.L. , Rost Silke , Kissi Ama , Vögele Claus , Crombez Geert 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Pain has the capacity to interfere with daily tasks. Although task interference by pain is largely unintentional, it can be controlled to a certain extent. Such top-down control over pain has been believed to be reduced in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). In this study, we investigated task interference and distraction efficacy in patients with FM and a matched healthy control group. Forty-nine patients with FM and 49 healthy volunteers performed as quickly as possible (1) a visual localization task in the presence of nonpainful vibrating or painful electric somatic stimuli, and (2) a somatosensory localization task (using nonpainful or painful stimuli). Participants reported on their experience of the somatic stimuli on some of the trials during both localisation tasks. Results indicated that pain interferes with performance of the visual task, in both patients with FM and healthy individuals. Furthermore, participants experienced the pain stimulus as less intense when directing attention away from the pain than when focusing on the pain. Overall, task performance of patients with FM was slower compared with the task performance in the healthy control group. In contrast to our hypotheses, patients with FM and healthy volunteers did not differ in the magnitude of the interference effect and distraction efficacy. In conclusion, current study provides support for contemporary theories claiming that attention modulates the experience of pain and vice versa. However, no evidence was found for an altered attentional processing of pain in patients with FM. Furthermore, results indicate that task interference and distraction efficacy are not just 2 sides of the same coin.
Carbenoxolone as a novel therapy for attenuation of cancer-induced bone pain
Authors: Falk Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Pain is a major complication for patients with cancer significantly compromising their quality of life. Current treatment is far from optimal and particularly bone-related cancer pain poses an increasing clinical and socioeconomical problem. Connexins, key proteins in cell–cell communication, have the potential to affect cancer-induced bone pain at multiple levels, including nociceptive signaling and bone degradation. This study tested the analgesic potential of carbenoxolone, a broad-acting connexin blocker, in a mouse model of cancer-induced bone pain. In addition, a pharmacological approach was used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms using the 2 specific blockers 37,43Gap27 and 43Gap26. Compared with vehicle treatment, chronic systemic administration of 20 or 40 mg/kg carbenoxolone caused a significantly later onset and attenuation of movement-evoked and on-going pain, assessed with limb use and weight bearing, respectively. In addition, the carbenoxolone-treated groups demonstrated a significant delay in time to reach the humane endpoint. Acute intrathecal administration of 37,43Gap27 significantly attenuated both limb use and weight bearing, whereas 43Gap26 had a less pronounced effect. Carbenoxolone treatment had a minor effect on the bone degradation in the early phase of disease progression, whereas no effect was observed in the late phase. Surprisingly, connexin43 was downregulated in the cancer-bearing animals compared with shams. The results suggest that connexins are involved in cancer-induced bone pain, and that carbenoxolone could be a novel analgesic treatment for the pain state.
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is a critical regulator of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Zheng Xiaozhong , Zhang Ailiang , Binnie Margaret , McGuire Kris , Webster Scott P , Hughes Jeremy , Howie Sarah E M , Mole Damian J 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYAcute kidney injury (AKI) following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has a high mortality and lacks specific therapies. Here, we report that mice lacking kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) activity (Kmonull mice) are protected against AKI after renal IRI. This advances our previous work showing that KMO blockade protects against acute lung injury and AKI in experimental multiple organ failure caused by acute pancreatitis. We show that KMO is highly expressed in the kidney and exerts major metabolic control over the biologically-active kynurenine metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid and downstream metabolites. In experimental AKI induced by unilateral kidney IRI, Kmonull mice had preserved renal function, reduced renal tubular cell injury, and fewer infiltrating neutrophils compared to wild-type (Kmowt) control mice. Together, these data confirm that flux through KMO contributes to AKI after IRI, and supports the rationale for KMO inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to protect against AKI during critical illness.
Measuring NDC80 binding reveals the molecular basis of tension-dependent kinetochore-microtubule attachments
Authors: Yoo Tae Yeon , Choi Jeong-Mo , Conway William , Yu Che-Hang , Pappu Rohit V. , Needleman Daniel J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, mediated by the NDC80 complex, are required for error-free chromosome segregation. Erroneous attachments are corrected by the tension dependence of kinetochore-microtubule interactions. Here, we present a method, based on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer, to quantitatively measure the fraction of NDC80 complexes bound to microtubules at individual kinetochores in living human cells. We found that NDC80 binding is modulated in a chromosome autonomous fashion over prometaphase and metaphase, and is predominantly regulated by centromere tension. We show that this tension dependency requires phosphorylation of the N-terminal tail of Hec1, a component of the NDC80 complex, and the proper localization of Aurora B kinase, which modulates NDC80 binding. Our results lead to a mathematical model of the molecular basis of tension-dependent NDC80 binding to kinetochore microtubules in vivo.
Formation of tRNA wobble inosine in humans is perturbed by a millennia-old mutation linked to intellectual disability
Authors: Ramos Jillian , Han Lu , Li Yan , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Phizicky Eric M. , Fu Dragony 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe formation of inosine at the wobble position of eukaryotic tRNAs is an essential modification catalyzed by the ADAT2/ADAT3 complex. In humans, a valine to methionine mutation (V144M) in ADAT3 that originated ∼1,600 years ago is the most common cause of autosomal-recessive intellectual disability (ID) in Arabia. Here, we show that ADAT3-V144M exhibits perturbations in subcellular localization and has increased propensity to form aggregates associated with cytoplasmic chaperonins. While ADAT2 co-expression can suppress the aggregation of ADAT3-V144M, the ADAT2/3 complexes assembled with ADAT3-V144M exhibit defects in adenosine deaminase activity. Moreover, extracts from cell lines derived from ID-affected individuals expressing only ADAT3-V144M display a reduction in tRNA deaminase activity. Notably, we find that the same cell lines from ID-affected individuals exhibit decreased wobble inosine in certain tRNAs. These results identify a role for ADAT2-dependent localization and folding of ADAT3 in wobble inosine modification that is crucial for the developing human brain.
Comparative Genomics of Staphylococcus Reveals Determinants of Speciation and Diversification of Antimicrobial Defense
Authors: Coates-Brown Rosanna , Moran Josephine , Pongchaikul Pisut , Darby Alistair , Horsburgh Malcolm J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe bacterial genus Staphylococcus comprises diverse species with most being described as colonizers of human and animal skin. A relational analysis of features that discriminate its species and contribute to niche adaptation and survival remains to be fully described. In this study, an interspecies, whole-genome comparative analysis of 21 Staphylococcus species was performed based on their orthologues. Three well-defined multi-species groups were identified: group A (including aureus/epidermidis); group B (including saprophyticus/xylosus) and group C (including pseudintermedius/delphini). The machine learning algorithm Random Forest was applied to identify variable orthologues that drive formation of the Staphylococcus species groups A-C. Orthologues driving staphylococcal infrageneric diversity comprised regulatory, metabolic and antimicrobial resistance proteins. Notably, the BraSR (NsaRS) two-component system (TCS) and its associated BraDE transporters that regulate antimicrobial resistance distinguish group A Staphylococcus species from others in the genus that lack the BraSR TCS. Divergence of BraSR and GraSR antimicrobial peptide survival TCS and their associated transporters was observed across the staphylococci, likely reflecting niche specific evolution of these TCS/transporters and their specificities for AMPs. Experimental evolution, with selection for resistance to the lantibiotic nisin, revealed multiple routes to resistance and differences in the selection outcomes of the BraSR- positive species S. hominis and S. aureus. Selection supported a role for GraSR in nisin survival responses of the BraSR-negative group B species S. saprophyticus. Our study reveals diversification of antimicrobial-sensing TCS across the staphylococci and hints at differential relationships between GraSR and BraSR in those species positive for both TCS.ImportanceThe genus Staphylococcus includes species that are commensals and opportunist pathogens of humans and animals. Identifying the features that discriminate species of staphylococci is relevant to understanding niche selection and the structure of their microbiomes. Moreover, the determinants that structure the community are relevant for strategies to modify the frequency of individual species associated with dysbiosis and disease. In this study, we identify orthologous proteins that discriminate genomes of staphylococci. In particular, species restriction of a major antimicrobial survival system, BraSR (NsaRS), to a group of staphylococci dominated by those that can colonize human skin. The diversity of antimicrobial sensing loci was revealed by comparative analysis and experimental evolution with selection for nisin resistance identified the potential for variation in antimicrobial sensing in BraRS-encoding staphylococci. This study provides insights into staphylococcal species diversity.
VIGA: a sensitive, precise and automaticde novoVIral Genome Annotator
Authors: González-Tortuero Enrique , Sean Sutton Thomas David , Velayudhan Vimalkumar , Shkoporov Andrey Nikolaevich , Draper Lorraine Anne , Stockdale Stephen Robert , Ross Reynolds Paul , Hill Colin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractViral (meta)genomics is a rapidly growing field of study that is hampered by an inability to annotate the majority of viral sequences; therefore, the development of new bioinformatic approaches is very important. Here, we present a new automaticde novogenome annotation pipeline, called VIGA, to annotate prokaryotic and eukaryotic viral sequences from (meta)genomic studies. VIGA was benchmarked on a database of known viral genomes and a viral metagenomics case study. VIGA generated the most accurate outputs according to the number of coding sequences and their coordinates, outputs also had a lower number of non-informative annotations compared to other programs.
Improving night-time sleep with hypnotic suggestions
Authors: Cordi Maren Jasmin , Rossier Laurent , Rasch Björn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSlow-wave sleep (SWS) is fundamental for maintaining our health and well-being, and SWS is typically reduced in stress-related sleep disturbances and age-related sleep disorders. We have previously reported that exposure to hypnotic suggestions before sleep effectively increases the duration of SWS during a midday nap in younger and older women suggestible for hypnosis.However, it remains unclear whether this beneficial effect of hypnosis on SWS can be generalized to night-time sleep and men. Therefore, we tested the effect of the hypnotic suggestions on SWS across an 8 hours night-time sleeping interval in 43 healthy young French-speaking subjects (19 males) of high and low suggestibility. In accordance with our previous results, listening to hypnotic suggestions before sleep increased the amount of SWS in highly suggestible subjects significantly by 13 min compared to a control condition in both genders. Particularly in the first hour, slow-wave activity was significantly increased after hypnosis as compared to the control night in high suggestible. The hypnosis-induced benefits on objective sleep parameters were also reflected in increased subjective sleep quality ratings. Our results demonstrate that hypnotic suggestions are an effective tool to deepen sleep and improve sleep quality also across a whole night of sleep in young healthy men and women. Our findings provide an important basis for the examination and potential application of hypnosis to improve deep sleep in populations with sleep disturbances.
Subject-specificity of the correlation between large-scale structural and functional connectivity
Authors: Zimmermann J. , Griffiths J. , Schirner M. , Ritter P. , McIntosh A.R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStructural connectivity (SC), the physical pathways connecting regions in the brain, and functional connectivity (FC), the temporal co-activations, are known to be tightly linked. However, the nature of this relationship is still not understood. In the present study, we examined this relation more closely in six separate human neuroimaging datasets with different acquisition and preprocessing methods. We show that using simple linear associations, the relation between an individual’s SC and FC is not subject-specific for five of the datasets. Subject-specificity of SC-FC fit is achieved only for one of the six datasets, the multi-modal Glasser HCP parcellated dataset. We show that subject-specificity of SC-FC correspondence is limited across datasets due to relatively small variability between subjects in SC compared to the larger variability in FC.
LED-based interference-reflection microscopy combined with optical tweezers for quantitative three-dimensional single microtubule imaging
Authors: Simmert Steve , Abdosamadi Mohammad Kazem , Hermsdorf Gero , Schäffer Erik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOptical tweezers combined with various microscopy techniques are a versatile tool for single-molecule force spectroscopy. However, some combinations may compromise measurements. Here, we combined optical tweezers with total-internal-reflection-fluorescence (TIRF) and interference-reflection microscopy (IRM). Using a light-emitting diode (LED) for IRM illumination, we show that single microtubules can be resolved with high contrast. Furthermore, we converted the IRM interference pattern of an upward bent microtubule to its three-dimensional (3D) profile calibrated against the optical tweezers and evanescent TIRF field. In general, LED-based IRM is a powerful method for high-resolution 3D microscopy.OCIS codes(180.3170) Interference microscopy; (120.4570) Optical design of instruments (350.4855); Optical tweezers or optical manipulation.