bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis and fibroblast growth factor‐inducible immediate early response protein 14 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its implications
Authors: Acharya Swetha , Prabhu Prashant , Patil Vidya S. , Acharya Anirudh B. , Nikhil Krithi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo study the expression of tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and fibroblast growth factor‐inducible immediate early response protein 14 (Fn14) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to elucidate the possible role of TWEAK‐Fn14 in OSCC development.MethodsImmunohistochemistry for TWEAK‐Fn14 was performed on 61 oral mucosal samples: healthy oral mucosa (HOM; N = 15); oral dysplastic lesions (ODL; N = 15); and OSCC (N = 31). Extent of staining (ES) and immunoreactive score (IRS) were assessed. The data was statistically analyzed.ResultsAll OSCC expressed TWEAK, and the Fn14 expression was noted in 90% of OSCC. A significant difference in the TWEAK and Fn14 expression was noted among the groups. ES and IRS of TWEAK‐Fn14 significantly increased in OSCC compared with ODL and HOM. ES of TWEAK was significantly higher than Fn14 in all 3 groups. ES of TWEAK‐Fn14 was significantly higher at the invasive tumor front (ITF) than in the whole tumor. TWEAK‐Fn14 showed a significant association with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic significance.ConclusionFindings suggest that TWEAK and Fn14 may participate in the growth and progression of OSCC. Increased expression of TWEAK‐Fn14 at the ITF may facilitate increased proliferation, altered differentiation and invasion.
Comparative landscape genetics reveals the evolution of viviparity reduces genetic connectivity in fire salamanders
Authors: Lourenço André , Gonçalves João , Carvalho Filipe , Wang Ian J. , Velo‐Antón Guillermo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEvolutionary changes in reproductive mode may affect co‐evolving traits, such as dispersal, although this subject remains largely underexplored. The shift from aquatic oviparous or larviparous reproduction to terrestrial viviparous reproduction in some amphibians entails skipping the aquatic larval stage and, thus, greater independence from water. Accordingly, amphibians exhibiting terrestrial viviparous reproduction may potentially disperse across a wider variety of suboptimal habitats and increase population connectivity in fragmented landscapes compared to aquatic‐breeding species. We investigated this hypothesis in the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra), which exhibits both aquatic‐ (larviparity) and terrestrial‐breeding (viviparity) strategies. We genotyped 426 larviparous and 360 viviparous adult salamanders for 13 microsatellite loci and sequenced a mitochondrial marker for 133 larviparous and 119 viviparous individuals to compare population connectivity and landscape resistance to gene flow within a landscape genetics framework. Contrary to our predictions, viviparous populations exhibited greater differentiation and reduced genetic connectivity compared to larviparous populations. Landscape genetic analyses indicate viviparity may be partially responsible for this pattern, as water courses comprised a significant barrier only in viviparous salamanders, probably due to their fully terrestrial life cycle. Agricultural areas and, to a lesser extent, topography also decreased genetic connectivity in both larviparous and viviparous populations. This study is one of very few to explicitly demonstrate the evolution of a derived reproductive mode affects patterns of genetic connectivity. Our findings open avenues for future research to better understand the eco‐evolutionary implications underlying the emergence of terrestrial reproduction in amphibians.
The highly diverged trypanosomal MICOS complex is organized in a nonessential integral membrane and an essential peripheral module
Authors: Eichenberger Claudia , Oeljeklaus Silke , Bruggisser Julia , Mani Jan , Haenni Beat , Kaurov Iosif , Niemann Moritz , Zuber Benoît , Lukeš Julius , Hashimi Hassan , Warscheid Bettina , Schimanski Bernd , Schneider André 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe mitochondrial contact site and cristae organization system (MICOS) mediates the formation of cristae, invaginations in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The highly diverged MICOS complex of the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei consists of nine subunits. Except for two Mic10‐like and a Mic60‐like protein, all subunits are specific for kinetoplastids. Here, we determined on a proteome‐wide scale how ablation of individual MICOS subunits affects the levels of the other subunits. The results reveal co‐regulation of TbMic10‐1, TbMic10‐2, TbMic16 and TbMic60, suggesting that these nonessential, integral inner membrane proteins form an interdependent network. Moreover, the ablation of TbMic34 and TbMic32 reveals another network consisting of the essential, intermembrane space‐localized TbMic20, TbMic32, TbMic34 and TbMic40, all of which are peripherally associated with the inner membrane. The downregulation of TbMic20, TbMic32 and TbMic34 also interferes with mitochondrial protein import and reduces the size of the TbMic10‐containing complexes. Thus, the diverged MICOS of trypanosomes contains two subcomplexes: a nonessential membrane‐integrated one, organized around the conserved Mic10 and Mic60, that mediates cristae formation, and an essential membrane‐peripheral one consisting of four kinetoplastid‐specific subunits, that is required for import of intermembrane space proteins.
Ultra‐processed food consumption during childhood and asthma in adolescence: Data from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study
Authors: Machado Azeredo Catarina , Cortese Marianna , Costa Caroline dos Santos , Bjornevik Kjetil , Barros Aluisio J. D. , Barros Fernando C. , Santos Iná S , Matijasevich Alicia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiet has been of interest for asthma; however, it remains unknown whether the consumption of ultra‐processed food (UPF) increases the risk of the disease. Our objective was to investigate whether UPF consumption during childhood was associated with wheeze, asthma, and severe asthma in adolescence.MethodsWe included 2190 11‐year‐old children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, without asthma at the age of 6 years. Consumption of UPF was assessed by Food Frequency Questionnaires at 6‐ and 11‐year follow‐ups. Wheeze, asthma, and severe asthma data were assessed at 11‐year follow‐up. We classified foods according to the processing degree in ultra‐processed food. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for the association between UPF consumption and the asthma outcomes.ResultsCumulative incidence of wheeze and asthma between 6 and 11 years was 12.7% and 23.2%, respectively. In prospective analyses, comparing children in the highest and the lowest quintile of UPF consumption at age 6, we found no association with wheeze (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.54‐1.34), asthma (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.58‐1.21), or severe asthma (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.62‐2.03) in early adolescence. In cross‐sectional analyses, comparing adolescents in the highest and lowest quintile of UPF consumption at 11 years, we found no association with wheeze (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.72‐1.75), asthma (OR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.7‐1.44), or severe asthma (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.59‐1.86).ConclusionOur study provided evidence that UPF consumption during childhood or adolescence is not associated with asthma or wheeze among adolescents.
Epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens in atopic dermatitis: What do we know?
Authors: Tham Elizabeth Huiwen , Rajakulendran Mohana , Lee Bee Wah , Van Bever Hugo P. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting children, which has no definitive curative therapy apart from natural outgrowing. AD is persistent in 30%‐40% of children. Epithelial barrier dysfunction in AD is a significant risk factor for the development of epicutaneous food sensitization, food allergy, and other allergic disorders. There is evidence that prophylactic emollient applications from birth may be useful for primary prevention of AD, but biomarkers are needed to guide cost‐effective targeted therapy for high‐risk individuals. In established early‐onset AD, secondary preventive strategies are needed to attenuate progression to other allergic disorders such as food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis (the atopic march). This review aims to describe the mechanisms underpinning the development of epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens and progression to clinical food allergy; summarize current evidence for interventions to halt the progression from AD to food sensitization and clinical food allergy; and highlight unmet needs and directions for future research.
Effects of E‐cigarette E‐liquid components on bronchial epithelial cells: Demonstration of dysfunctional efferocytosis
Authors: Ween Miranda P. , Hamon Rhys , Macowan Matthew G. , Thredgold Leigh , Reynolds Paul N. , Hodge Sandra J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveE‐cigarettes are often marketed and thought of as emitting harmless vapour; however, verification of their safety for non‐smokers is scarce. We have previously shown that E‐cigarettes cause decreased phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages via reductions in surface bacterial recognition receptors. This study assessed the effect of E‐cigarette constituents, 3 E‐liquid apple flavours, nicotine, vegetable glycerine and propylene glycol, on bronchial epithelial cell viability, apoptosis and cytokine secretion and macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic airway cells and phagocytic recognition molecules.MethodsCell necrosis and apoptosis were measured by Sytox Green stain and Annexin V. Efferocytosis was measured by internalization of pHrodo Green labelled apoptotic airway cells by macrophages. Expression of macrophage cell surface apoptotic cell receptors was measured by flow cytometry. Cytokine release by E‐cigarette‐exposed airway cells was measured by cytokine bead array.ResultsE‐cigarette vapour increased primary bronchial epithelial necrosis and apoptosis. E‐cigarette vapour reduced efferocytosis (lowest flavour 12.1%) versus control (20.2%, P = 0.032). The efferocytosis receptor CD44 was reduced by one flavour (MFI 1863 vs 2332 control, P = 0.016) and all components reduced expression of CD36, including the glycol bases (MFI 1067–12 274 vs 1415 control). Reduced secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐6, IP‐10, MIP‐1α and MIP‐1β was observed for all flavour variants.ConclusionE‐cigarettes can cause bronchial epithelial apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis dysfunction via reduced expression of apoptotic cell recognition receptors. These data further show that E‐cigarettes should not be considered harmless to non‐smokers and their effects may go far beyond cytotoxicity to cells.
Using machine learning to estimate survival curves for patients receiving an increased risk for disease transmission heart, liver, or lung versus waiting for a standard organ
Authors: Mark Ethan , Goldsman David , Keskinocak Pinar , Sokol Joel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionOver 19% of deceased organ donors are labeled increased risk for disease transmission (IRD) for viral blood‐borne disease transmission. Many potential organ recipients need to decide between accepting an IRD organ offer and waiting for a non–IRD organ.MethodsUsing machine learning and simulation, we built transplant and waitlist survival models and compared the survival for patients accepting IRD organ offers or waiting for non–IRD organs for the heart, liver, and lung. The simulation consisted of generating 20 000 different scenarios of a recipient either receiving an IRD organ or waiting and receiving a non–IRD organ.ResultsIn the simulations, the 5‐year survival probabilities of heart, liver, and lung recipients who accepted IRD organ offers increased on average by 10.2%, 12.7%, and 7.2%, respectively, compared with receiving a non–IRD organ after average wait times (190, 228, and 223 days, respectively). When the estimated waitlist time was at least 5 days for the liver, and 1 day for the heart and lung, 50% or more of the simulations resulted in a higher chance of 5‐year survival when the patient received an IRD organ versus when the patient remained on the waitlist. We also developed a simple equation to estimate the benefits, in terms of 5‐year survival probabilities, of receiving an IRD organ versus waiting for a non–IRD organ, for a particular set of recipient/donor characteristics.ConclusionFor all three organs, the majority of patients are predicted to have higher 5‐year survival accepting an IRD organ offer compared with waiting for a non–IRD organ.
Relationship between exposure to the natural environment and recovery from hip or knee arthroplasty: a New Zealand retrospective cohort study
Authors: Donovan Geoffrey H , Gatziolis Demetrios , Douwes Jeroen 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesDetermine whether patients who live in greener and more walkable neighbourhoods live longer, and take fewer opioids, following hip or knee arthroplasty.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingResidential environment following surgery at one of 54 New Zealand hospitals.ParticipantsAll people who received a total hip or knee arthroplasty at a publicly-funded hospital in New Zealand in 2006 and 2007 (7449 hip arthroplasties and 6558 knee arthroplasties).Primary and secondary outcome measureTime to all-cause mortality and number of postsurgical opioid prescriptions.ResultsPatients who lived in greener neighbourhoods, as measured by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, lived longer following hip or knee arthroplasty (standardised OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). However, when we estimated separate hip-arthroplasty-only and knee-arthroplasty-only models, greenness was only significantly associated with greater longevity following hip arthroplasty. Similarly, patients who lived in greener neighbourhoods took fewer opioids in the 12 months following hip or knee arthroplasty (standardised OR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99), but in separate hip-arthroplasty-only and knee-arthroplasty-only models, greenness was only significantly associated with lower opioid use following hip arthroplasty. Walkability was not significantly associated with postsurgical opioid use or postsurgical longevity. All ORs were adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, presurgical chronic health conditions, presurgical opioid use, social deprivation and length of hospital stay.ConclusionsConsistent with the literature on enhanced-recovery programme, people who lived in greener neighbourhoods took fewer opioids, and lived longer, following hip arthroplasty. Improving access to the natural environment may therefore be an effective component of postsurgical recovery programme.
Physiotherapists’ views on the Australian Physiotherapy Association’s Choosing Wisely recommendations: a content analysis
Authors: Zadro Joshua , Peek Aimie L , Dodd Rachael H , McCaffery Kirsten , Maher Christopher 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesChoosing Wisely holds promise for increasing awareness of low-value care in physiotherapy. However, it is unclear how physiotherapists’ view Choosing Wisely recommendations. The aim of this study was to evaluate physiotherapists’ feedback on Choosing Wisely recommendations and investigate agreement with each recommendation.SettingThe Australian Physiotherapy Association emailed a survey to all 20 029 physiotherapist members in 2015 seeking feedback on a list of Choosing Wisely recommendations.ParticipantsA total of 9764 physiotherapists opened the email invitation (49%) and 543 completed the survey (response rate 5.6%). Participants were asked about the acceptability of the wording of recommendations using a closed (Yes/No) and free-text response option (section 1). Then using a similar response format, participants were asked whether they agreed with each Choosing Wisely recommendation (sections 2–6).Primary and secondary outcomesWe performed a content analysis of free-text responses (primary outcome) and used descriptive statistics to report agreement and disagreement with each recommendation (secondary outcome).ResultsThere were 872 free-text responses across the six sections. A total of 347 physiotherapists (63.9%) agreed with the ‘don’t’ style of wording. Agreement with recommendations ranged from 52.3% (electrotherapy for back pain) to 76.6% (validated decision rules for imaging). The content analysis revealed that physiotherapists felt that blanket rules were inappropriate (range across recommendations: 13.9%–30.1% of responses), clinical experience is more valuable than evidence (11.7%–28.3%) and recommendations would benefit from further refining or better defining key terms (7.3%–22.4%).ConclusionsAlthough most physiotherapists agreed with both the style of wording for Choosing Wisely recommendations and with the recommendations, their feedback highlighted a number of areas of disagreement and suggestions for improvement. These findings will support the development of future recommendations and are the first step towards increasing the impact Choosing Wisely has on physiotherapy practice.
Workplace violence and its aftermath in China’s health sector: implications from a cross-sectional survey across three tiers of the health system
Authors: Yang Sheng Zhi , Wu Dan , Wang Nan , Hesketh Therese , Sun Kai Sing , Li Lu , Zhou Xudong 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of physical violence and threats against health workers and the aftermath in tertiary, secondary and primary care facilities in China.DesignA cross-sectional questionnaire study.Setting5 tertiary hospitals, 8 secondary hospitals and 32 primary care facilities located in both urban and rural areas of Zhejiang Province, China, were chosen as the study sites.ParticipantsA total of 4862 health workers who have contact with patients completed a survey from July 2016 to July 2017.Outcome measuresThe prevalence of physical violence, threats and Yi Nao, specific forms of physical violence and their aftermath were measured by a self-designed and verified questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between perceived organisational encouragement of reporting workplace violence (WPV) and physical violence, threats and Yi Nao after controlling for age, sex, level of facility, professional ranking and type of health worker.ResultsAmong all respondents, 224 (4.6%) were physically attacked and 848 (17.4%) experienced threats in the past year. Respondents in secondary hospitals were more likely to experience physical violence (AOR=3.29, 95% CI 2.21 to 4.89), threats (AOR=1.61, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.98) and Yi Nao (AOR=2.47, 95% CI 2.10 to 2.91), compared with primary care providers. Lack of organisational policies to report WPV was associated with higher likelihood of physical violence (AOR=3.64, 95% CI 2.57 to 5.18) and threats (AOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.76 to 2.78). Among physical violence cases, only 29.1% reported the attack to police mainly because most felt it useless to do so (58.8%). Only 25.7% were investigated and 72.4% of attackers received no punishment. Of all those attacked or threatened, 59.4% wanted to quit current post and 76.0% were fearful of dealing with urgent or severe cases.ConclusionsProper management of the aftermath of violence against health workers is inadequate. Formal guidelines for reporting and managing WPV are urgently needed.
Patient experience of hospital care in China: major findings from the Chinese Patient Experience Questionnaire Survey (2016–2018)
Authors: Hu Guangyu , Chen Yin , Liu Qiannan , Wu Shichao , Guo Jing , Liu Shiyang , Wang Zijuan , Zhao Pengyu , Sun Jing , Hu Linlin , Zhou Huixuan , Luo Li , Mao Ying , Needleman Jack , Ma Jing , Liu Yuanli 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesChina launched the National Healthcare Improvement Initiative (NHII) in 2015 to improve patient experiences in healthcare. This study aimed to generate evidence of hospital care quality from the patients’ perspective.DesignThis nationwide cross-sectional study interviewed participants from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across China.SettingA total of 117 tertiary hospitals in mainland China.Participants48 422 responses from outpatients and 35 957 responses from inpatients were included in this study.Primary outcome measureThe scores of six predefined domains in the Chinese Patient Experience Questionnaire, five of which were designed to reflect specific dimensions of care, and one of which indicated the overall rating.ResultsMore than 80% of the respondents viewed their care experiences as positive. The NHII seems to have had a positive impact, as indicated by the steady, although unremarkable, increase in the patient experience scores over the 2016–2018 period. The Chinese patients generally reported a positive experience with the clinical aspects of care, but reported a less positive experience with the environmental, interpersonal and social services aspects of care. The institutional factors, including region and type of hospital, and personal factors, such as gender, age, education and occupation, were factors affecting the patient experience in China. Humanistic care was the aspect of care with the greatest association with the overall patient experience rating in both the outpatient and inpatient settings.ConclusionsThe national survey indicated an overall positive patient perspective of care in China. Older age, higher education level and formal employment status were found to be correlated with positive care experiences, as were higher levels of economic development of the region, a more generous insurance benefits package and a higher degree of coordinated care. The interpersonal-related initiatives had substantial roles in the improvement of the patient experience. In the regions where farmers and users of traditional Chinese medicine services constitute a greater proportion of the population, improvement of patient experiences for these groups deserves special policy attention.