bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Many paths to the same goal: metaheuristic operation of brains during natural behavior
Authors: Jackson Brian J. , Fatima Gusti Lulu , Oh Sujean , Gire David H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring self-guided behaviors animals rapidly identify the constraints of the problems they face and adaptively employ appropriate cognitive strategies and heuristics to solve these problems1,2. This ability is currently an area of active investigation in artificial intelligence3. Recent work in computer science has suggested that this type of flexible problem solving could be achievable with metaheuristic approaches in which specific algorithms are selected based upon the identified demands of the problem to be solved4,5,6,7. Investigating how animals employ such metaheuristics while solving self-guided natural problems is a fertile area for biologically inspired algorithm development. Here we show that animals adaptively shift cognitive resources between sensory and memory systems during natural behavior to optimize performance under uncertainty. We demonstrate this using a new, laboratory-based discovery method to define the strategies used to solve a difficult optimization scenario, the stochastic “traveling salesman” problem5,8,9. Using this system we precisely manipulated the strength of prior information available to animals as well as the complexity of the problem. We find that rats are capable of efficiently solving this problem, even under conditions in which prior information is unreliable and the space of possible solutions is large. We compared animal performance to a Bayesian search and found that performance is consistent with a metaheuristic approach that adaptively allocates cognitive resources between sensory processing and memory, enhancing sensory acuity and reducing memory load under conditions in which prior information is unreliable. Our findings set the foundation for new approaches to understand the neural substrates of natural behavior as well as the rational development of biologically inspired metaheuristic approaches for complex real-world optimization.
Synaptic specificity is collectively determined by partner identity, location and activity
Authors: Valdes-Aleman Javier , Fetter Richard D. , Sales Emily C. , Doe Chris Q. , Landgraf Matthias , Cardona Albert , Zlatic Marta 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOur nervous system is organized into circuits with specifically matched and tuned cell-to-cell connections that are essential for proper function. The mechanisms by which presynaptic axon terminals and postsynaptic dendrites recognize each other and establish the correct number of connections are still incompletely understood. Sperry’s chemoaffinity hypothesis proposes that pre- and postsynaptic partners express specific combinations of molecules that enable them to recognize each other. Alternatively, Peters’ rule proposes that presynaptic axons and postsynaptic dendrites use non-partner-derived global positional cues to independently reach their target area, and once there they randomly connect with any available neuron. These connections can then be further refined by additional mechanisms based on synaptic activity. We used the tractable genetic model system, the Drosophila embryo and larva, to test these hypotheses and elucidate the roles of 1) global positional cues, 2) partner-derived cues and 3) synaptic activity in the establishment of selective connections in the developing nerve cord. We altered the position or activity of presynaptic partners and analyzed the effect of these manipulations on the number of synapses with specific postsynaptic partners, strength of functional connections, and behavior controlled by these neurons. For this purpose, we combined developmental live imaging, electron microscopy reconstruction of circuits, functional imaging of neuronal activity, and behavioral experiments in wildtype and experimental animals. We found that postsynaptic dendrites are able to find, recognize, and connect to their presynaptic partners even when these have been shifted to ectopic locations through the overexpression of receptors for midline guidance cues. This suggests that neurons use partner-derived cues that allow them to identify and connect to each other. However, while partner-derived cues are sufficient for recognition between specific partners and establishment of connections;; without orderly positioning of axon terminals by positional cues and without synaptic activity during embryonic development, the numbers of functional connections are altered with significant consequences for behavior. Thus, multiple mechanisms including global positional cues, partner-derived cues, and synaptic activity contribute to proper circuit assembly in the developing Drosophila nerve cord.
Adintoviruses: An Animal-Tropic Family of Midsize Eukaryotic Linear dsDNA (MELD) Viruses
Authors: Starrett Gabriel J. , Tisza Michael J. , Welch Nicole L. , Belford Anna K. , Peretti Alberto , Pastrana Diana V. , Buck Christopher B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolintons (also known as Mavericks) were initially identified as a widespread class of eukaryotic transposons named for their hallmark type B DNA polymerase and retrovirus-like integrase genes. It has since been recognized that many polintons encode possible capsid proteins and viral genome-packaging ATPases similar to those of a diverse range of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses. This supports the inference that at least some polintons are viruses that remain capable of cell-to-cell spread. At present, there are no polinton-associated capsid protein genes annotated in public sequence databases. To rectify this deficiency, we used a data-mining approach to investigate the distribution and gene content of polinton-like elements and related DNA viruses in animal genomic and metagenomic sequence datasets. The results define a discrete family-like clade of animal-specific viruses with two genus-level divisions. We suggest the family name Adintoviridae, connoting similarities to adenovirus virion proteins and the presence of a retrovirus-like integrase gene. Although adintovirus-class PolB sequences were detected in datasets for fungi and various unicellular eukaryotes, sequences resembling adintovirus virion proteins and accessory genes appear to be restricted to animals. Degraded adintovirus sequences are endogenized into the germlines of a wide range of animals, including humans.
Modelling asymmetric count ratios in CRISPR screens to decrease experiment size and improve phenotype detection
Authors: Imkeller Katharina , Ambrosi Giulia , Boutros Michael , Huber Wolfgang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPooled CRISPR screens are a powerful tool to probe genotype-phenotype relationships at genome-wide scale. However, criteria for optimal design are missing, and it remains unclear how experimental parameters affect results. Here, we report that random decreases in gRNA abundance are more likely than increases due to bottle-neck effects during the cell proliferation phase. Failure to consider this asymmetry leads to loss of detection power. We provide a new statistical test that addresses this problem and improves hit detection at reduced experiment size. The method is implemented in the open source package gscreend (submission to Bioconductor pending).
Identification of Disaggregated Hotspots of Child Morbidity in Bangladesh: An Application of Small Area Estimation Method
Authors: Das Sumonkanti , Kumar Bappi , Kawsar Luthful Alahi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea are two major causes of child morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. National and regional level prevalence of ARI and diarrhoea are calculated from nationwide surveys; however, prevalence at micro-level administrative units (say, district and sub-district) is not possible due to lack of sufficient data. In such case, small area estimation (SAE) methods can be applied by combining a survey data with a census data. Using a SAE method for dichotomous response variable, this study aims to estimate the proportions of under-5 children experienced with ARI and diarrhoea separately as well as either ARI or diarrhoea within a period of two-week preceding the survey. The ARI and diarrhoea information extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 are used to develop a random effect logistic model for each of the indicators, and then the prevalence is estimated adapting the World Bank SAE approach for the dichotomous response variable using the 5% data of the Census 2011. The estimated prevalence of each indicator significantly varied by district and sub-district (1.4-11.3% for diarrhoea, 2.2-11.8% for ARI and 4.3-16.5% for ARI/diarrhoea at sub-district level). In a number of districts and sub-district, the proportions are found double the national level. District and sub-district levels spatial distributions of the indicators might help the policy makers to identify the vulnerable disaggregated and remote hotspots. Particularly, aid industries can provide effective interventions at the highly vulnerable spots to overcome the gaps between micro and macro level administrative units.
Prioritizing agricultural, rural development and implementing the rural revitalization strategy
Authors: Han Jun 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify key missions in the “three nong” domain (i.e. issues related to agriculture, farmers and rural areas in China) that should be successfully accomplished to successfully implement the rural revitalization strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
Specified objectives involved in the grand goal of “Completing the Building of a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects” and China’s current achievements in the “three nong” domain are systematically compared; weak points are discussed and priorities to address these weak points are outlined.

Findings
In this paper, four key missions are identified: first, to win the battle against poverty; second, to stabilize the bedrock of agricultural and rural development; third, to complete key missions (i.e. to build and develop thriving businesses, pleasant living environments, socialized etiquette and civility, effective governance and prosperous life) in the initial stage of rural revitalization; and finally, to establish an efficient policy framework for prioritizing agricultural and rural development and mobilize resources to support the four priorities in agricultural and rural development (i.e. priorities in personnel, resource, funding and public service allocation).

Originality/value
This paper is the first to systematically summarize and identify key missions that should be accomplished for the successful implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.
Numerical simulation of ship motion fully coupled with sloshing tanks by naoe-FOAM-SJTU solver
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Wan Decheng 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify the ability of our in-house solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU to solve the problem of exterior fluid field coupled with interior fluid field and discover the coupling effects between exterior field (ship motion) and interior field (sloshing tanks).Design/methodology/approachThe solving equation is based on Navier–Stokes equation, by comparing two turbulence models [laminar model and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stocks (RANS)], of which RANS model are chosen to do the simulation. A unified approach is adopted to simulate exterior and interior fields simultaneously, keeping the pressure and velocity the same in external and internal fields. By adding a new function of calculating forces on different patches, the inner sloshing moments and external wave exciting moments can be output.FindingsThe in-house solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU had the ability to simulate this problem and showed well agreement with experimental results. By considering ship motion with and without sloshing, it was figured that with the existence of sloshing tank, the ship natural frequency will be changed. When the two tank fillings are the same, there will be another roll peak appeared, which is natural frequency of sloshing tanks. Considering wave height and different filling influence, the nonlinearity of sloshing in tank may give non-proportional response to ship motion.Practical implicationsWith the ability to simulate well, the reality reference in the progress of FPSO or FLNG operation is obtained.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is a fully coupled CFD method which is adopted to solve the coupling effects, showing the ability to do the work well. It gives a referenced detailed information of inner and outer fluid field. Meanwhile, it carried out the impact pressure and damping force around the ship, which indicates the practical information in operations.
Selecting a text similarity measure for a content-based recommender system
Authors: Wijewickrema Manjula , Petras Vivien , Dias Naomal 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a journal recommender system, which compares the content similarities between a manuscript and the existing journal articles in two subject corpora (covering the social sciences and medicine). The study examines the appropriateness of three text similarity measures and the impact of numerous aspects of corpus documents on system performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Implemented three similarity measures one at a time on a journal recommender system with two separate journal corpora. Two distinct samples of test abstracts were classified and evaluated based on the normalized discounted cumulative gain.

Findings
The BM25 similarity measure outperforms both the cosine and unigram language similarity measures overall. The unigram language measure shows the lowest performance. The performance results are significantly different between each pair of similarity measures, while the BM25 and cosine similarity measures are moderately correlated. The cosine similarity achieves better performance for subjects with higher density of technical vocabulary and shorter corpus documents. Moreover, increasing the number of corpus journals in the domain of social sciences achieved better performance for cosine similarity and BM25.

Originality/value
This is the first work related to comparing the suitability of a number of string-based similarity measures with distinct corpora for journal recommender systems.
Numerical study on bi-phase coupled stress fluid in the presence of Hafnium and metallic nanoparticles over an inclined plane
Authors: Zeeshan A. , Ellahi R. , Mabood F. , Hussain F. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the simultaneous effects of Hafnium particles and partially submerged metallic particles for the flow of bi-phase coupled stress fluid over an inclined flat plane.

Design/methodology/approach
An unflinching free stream flow that stretches far from the surface of the plane with the possibility of containing some partially submerged metallic particles is considered. Innovative model has been proposed and designed using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method.

Findings
The findings show that the drag force resists the couple stress fluid, whereas the Newtonian flow is supported by increasing the velocity. For both types of flows, movement of the particle is retarded gradually against the drag force coefficient.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this model is reported for the first time.
Exploring perceived risk in building successful drone food delivery services
Authors: Hwang Jinsoo , Choe Ja Young (Jacey) 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the types of perceived risks involved with using drone food delivery services. Furthermore, this study investigates the relationship between perceived risk and image of drone food delivery services. Lastly, this study examines the effect of image of drone food delivery services on desire, intentions to use and willingness to pay more.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected data from 331 respondents in Korea. Before the start of the survey, the respondents were given a video, which made it easier for them to understand drone food delivery services.FindingsThe three types of perceived risks (i.e. time risk, performance risk and psychological risk) have a negative influence on image of drone food delivery services and, thus, aids in increasing desire, intentions to use and willingness to pay more.Originality/valueThe concept of perceived risk was applied to the context of drone food delivery services in this study in combination with other understudied concepts, image, desire, intentions to use and willingness to pay more. This study is one of the first studies that applied those significant concepts to the context of drone food delivery services, even though there are a large number of papers in the technology field. Thus, the findings of this study will be important to foodservice companies when building successful drone food delivery services.
Ecological footprint: a tool for environmental management in educational institutions
Authors: Ortegon Katherine , Acosta Pilar 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, as few universities have assessed their ecological footprint (EF), a benchmark for Colombian universities is presented. Second, a practical calculation tool for measuring the EF in educational institutions (EIs) is developed. The purpose of this tool is to facilitate the process of assessing the EF in EIs that are starting sustainability initiatives and to unify criteria with those already involved.

Design/methodology/approach
The development of the Ecological Footprint for Educational Institutions (EFEI) calculator is detailed showing the seven categories analyzed and the adaptation to the Colombian context.

Findings
Results are presented from a case study of EFEI implementation at Universidad Icesi. Furthermore, the relation between these results and the action taken to mitigate EF at the university is detailed.

Practical implications
Colombian EIs have recently joined the sustainable campus movement. The EF methodology and this tool serve to assess impacts and identify what EIs can do to ameliorate their environmental stewardship.

Social implications
EIs are called on to lead by example in terms of sustainability, not only in teaching and researching cutting-edge technologies but also in being sustainable and transferring this knowledge to future generations.

Originality/value
First, an EF benchmark for Colombian universities is presented. In addition, a unified methodology for EIs is developed. The availability of a standard tool will encourage other EIs to move forward in the effort to achieve a sustainable campus.
Numerical and experimental studies on the thermal characteristics of the clutch hydraulic system with provision for oil flow
Authors: Ma Biao , Yu Liang , Chen Man , Li He Yan , Zheng Liang Jie 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the thermal characteristics of the clutch hydraulic system under various oil flow conditions. Increasing the oil flow is one of the most important approaches to reduce the clutch temperature. However, the effect of the oil flow on the clutch temperature remains to be explored.Design/methodology/approachThe thermal resistance network model and the lumped parameter method are used to study the thermal characteristics of the clutch hydraulic system. The predicted temperature variations of the clutch and the oil are compared with experimental data.FindingsResults demonstrate that the larger the friction power is, the higher the temperatures of the clutch and the oil are. However, the temperature growth rates of the clutch and oil present different trends: the former decreases gradually and the latter increases constantly. Additionally, increasing the oil flow within a certain range gives rise to the decrease of clutch temperature and the increase of oil temperature; nevertheless, their variation trends are gradually weakening. When the oil flow is large enough, it brings a slight effect on the clutch temperature rise.Originality/valueThis paper extends the knowledge into the oil flow supply of the clutch hydraulic system. The conclusions can provide a theoretical guidance for the oil management of the transmission system. Additionally, the thermal resistance network model is also effective and efficient for other hydraulic equipment to predict the temperature variation.
Tribocorrosion behaviors of thermal spraying WC/Ni60 coated 316L stainless steel in artificial seawater
Authors: Liu Eryong , Zhang Yingxin , Wang Xiang , Zeng Zhixiang , Du Huiling , Qin Hongmei 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to improve the tribocorrosion properties of 316L, thus WC/Ni60 coated 316L was prepared by thermal spraying technique.

Design/methodology/approach
Composition and microstructure of WC/Ni60 coating was investigated, and tribological properties of 316 L and WC/Ni60 coating were studied under dry sliding, deionized water and artificial seawater.

Findings
The results showed that WC/Ni60 coating was lamellar structure, and the phase composition consisted of γ-Ni solid solution, carbides and borides. Furthermore, the hardness and corrosion resistance of 316 L in static seawater and wear resistance in dry sliding were improved by WC reinforced nickel-based coating. Furthermore, tribocorrosion results demonstrated that wear resistance of WC/Ni60 coating was also significantly better than 316 L, especially for higher load at artificial seawater. The reason can be attributed to the fact that the passive film of WC/Ni60 coating consisted of tungsten carbide, Ni(OH)2 and FeOOH for WC/Ni60 coating and only FeOOH for 316 L.

Originality/value
According to this study, it can be concluded that WC phases acted as a role in resisting the wear damages. Meanwhile, Ni-based materials performed well in corrosion resistance. Thus, the combined-effect Ni-based alloys and WC phases in WC/Ni60 coating showed better tribocorrosion performance than 316 L.
Investment, financial sector development and the degree of emerging markets integration
Authors: Boamah Nicholas Addai 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the co-movements among emerging markets. The authors, additionally, investigate the driven force of the within emerging markets integration. The authors provide evidence of volatility clustering, leverage effect and time-varying integration of emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used dynamic conditional correlation techniques to estimate the time-varying conditional correlations among emerging markets. The cross-sectional and time series variations in the within emerging markets correlations are then described by various market and economic factors.

Findings
The authors show that investment, domestic credit to the private sector and import of financial services have a positive relation within emerging markets co-movements. However, claim on central government, current account balance and financial services exports have a negative relation with the integration among emerging markets. Evidence is also provided that liquidity and market depth explain the correlation between emerging markets.

Originality/value
The findings show that emerging markets ability to convert domestic assets into investments appears to be the single most important factor influencing with in emerging markets integration. The findings indicate that across-emerging markets diversification potential exists.