bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Calcium Organic Salt/rGO composite with Low Solubility and High Conductivity as a Sustainable Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Guo Huinan , Li Weiqin , Huang Yike , Zhang Zeting , Liu Guishu , Wang Yijing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganic electrodes hold great promise for sustainable electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their easy availability from biomass. However, traditional organic electrodes suffer from two inherent problems, high solubility in organic electrolytes and low electronic conductivity. Here, a calcium organic salt, Cabpdc (bpdc=4,4′‐biphenyldicarboxylate) was designed and formed into a composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to improve these two problems by a “two‐in‐one” approach. As expected, the Cabpdc/rGO composite displayed competitive cycle and rate performances as an anode for SIBs. Additionally, all‐organic sodium‐ion full cells were successfully fabricated combining this anode with a commercial organic cathode, promising applications for sustainable SIBs.
A model‐based abstraction layer for heterogeneous SDN applications
Authors: Castellano Gabriele , Cerrato Ivano , Gharbaoui Molka , Fichera Silvia , Martini Barbara , Risso Fulvio , Castoldi Piero 
Published: July 2019

SummaryModern controllers for software‐defined networks (SDN) enable the execution of arbitrary SDN applications (eg, Network Address Translation (NAT), traffic monitors) that may be exploited by an overarching set of services (eg, application‐layer orchestrators) to build even richer services. To this purpose, the above overarching services require a mechanism that allows reading the run‐time state and writing the configuration of arbitrary SDN applications, possibly through a uniform API. Unfortunately, most SDN applications are not designed/implemented by taking into account the possibility to be used as part of higher level service workflows (eg, a complex intrusion prevention system that leverages multiple elementary services as individual components), hence they may not provide an adequate interface that would allow overarching services to exploit their features. This paper addresses this problem by proposing an approach to represent the run‐time state of arbitrary applications, where data are exported according to high‐level model‐based structures. Furthermore, the mapping from the high‐level data model to the actual data representation within the SDN application is enabled by a suite of algorithms that are generic enough to operate independently of the actual source code of the application, thus avoiding undesired and invasive modifications to existing applications. The paper also presents a software framework and a prototype implementing the proposed approach, characterizes the resulting performance, and discusses pros and cons of the proposed approach.
The spectrum of malignant melanoma on cytology: A tertiary care center study
Authors: Kapatia Gargi , Gupta Parikshaa , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Rajwanshi Arvind , Dey Pranab 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionMalignant melanoma accounts for around 3% of all malignancies. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a convenient diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of melanoma and its metastases.AimTo explore the cytological spectrum of malignant melanoma including the rare metastatic sites.Material and MethodsA total of 51 patients of malignant melanoma or its metastases on FNAC were studied over a period of 5 years. The FNAC smears of these cases were analyzed in detail by two different observers (GC and PD).ResultsAmong the 51 patients studied, the mean age was 54 years (range 19‐97 years). Male‐to‐female ratio was 1.04:1 with 25 females and 26 males. The commonest primary site of the melanoma cases was lower extremity. The inguinal lymph node was the most common site for metastasis. Melanin pigment was the predominant feature followed by prominent nucleoli. Epithelioid pattern was the predominant shape.ConclusionCytopathologists must be aware of the wide range of morphological spectrum seen in the cases of melanoma for a greater accuracy in diagnosis and to circumvent pitfalls in diagnosing melanoma.
The importance of the propagule–sediment–tide “power balance” for revegetation at the coastal frontier
Authors: Ge Zhen‐Ming , Li Shi‐Hua , Tan Li‐Shan , Li Ya‐Lei , Hu Zhong‐Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRevegetation of pioneer plants is a critical phase in community establishment for mudflats in seriously degraded coastal wetlands. We tested a hypothesis of the importance of a “power balance” among propagule resilience and sedimentary and tidal disturbances for vegetation reestablishment. Our experiment used three types of propagules (seeds, seedlings, and corms) of native Scirpus species in the fringing flats with similar tidal flows and varying sedimentary intensities in the Yangtze Estuary. Regardless of the initial planting densities, the seed germination rate was extremely low in the field situation. Although the incubated seedlings were planted directly on the bare flat, the wave movement easily flushed the seedlings, even at the site with moderate sedimentary accretion. Failure of the revegetation practice using the seed and seedling materials indicated that the combined “growing and anchoring power” of young seedlings and “stabilizing power” of the sediment were insufficient to withstand the “dislodging power” of the tidal energy. In contrast, the planting approach with underground propagules (corms) proved to be feasible for vegetation establishment at the sites with moderate and low‐level sedimentary intensities. The successful practice improved the tipping point of plant survival and tussock formation could be surpassed when the combined growing and anchoring power of seedlings that developed from corms with the stabilizing power of the sediment was greater than the dislodging power of the wave energy. However, at the site with high‐level sedimentary intensity, the excessive sediment converted to the burying stress power as seedlings developed from the corms, revealing a burial threshold for seedling survival. The risk of seedling establishment was high when the burying stress power of the sediment far outweighed the combination of the growing power of the seedlings and the sediment removal power of the tidal current and surpassed the tipping point of vegetation die‐off. Additionally, we checked the practice cost of the different approaches to ensure a highly cost‐effective revegetation planning based on site suitability. This study highlights that understanding of the propagule–sediment–tide power balance offers a tool for improvement of the revegetation and management of site‐specific sedimentary and hydrological environments for many degraded coastal ecosystems.
Are Drosophila preferences for yeasts stable or contextual?
Authors: Günther Catrin S. , Knight Sarah J. , Jones Rory , Goddard Matthew R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhether there are general mechanisms, driving interspecific chemical communication is uncertain. Saccharomycetaceae yeast and Drosophila fruit flies, both extensively studied research models, share the same fruit habitat, and it has been suggested their interaction comprises a facultative mutualism that is instigated and maintained by yeast volatiles. Using choice tests, experimental evolution, and volatile analyses, we investigate the maintenance of this relationship and reveal little consistency between behavioral responses of two isolates of sympatric Drosophila species. While D. melanogaster was attracted to a range of different Saccharomycetaceae yeasts and this was independent of fruit type, D. simulans preference appeared specific to a particular S. cerevisiae genotype isolated from a vineyard fly population. This response, however, was not consistent across fruit types and is therefore context‐dependent. In addition, D. simulans attraction to an individual S. cerevisiae isolate was pliable over ecological timescales. Volatile candidates were analyzed to identify a common signal for yeast attraction, and while D. melanogaster generally responded to fermentation profiles, D. simulans preference was more discerning and likely threshold‐dependent. Overall, there is no strong evidence to support the idea of bespoke interactions with specific yeasts for either of these Drosophila genotypes. Rather the data support the idea Drosophila are generally adapted to sense and locate fruits infested by a range of fungal microbes and/or that yeast–Drosophila interactions may evolve rapidly.
Broad‐scale changes in tundra‐nesting bird abundance in response to hyperabundant geese
Authors: Flemming Scott A. , Smith Paul A. , Rausch Jennie , Nol Erica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnvironmental changes can propagate through food webs in complex ways via trophic cascades. In the North American Arctic, hyperabundant populations of geese are causing significant habitat change and the resulting trophic cascades are known to impact plant and invertebrate communities. However, the potential impacts on other tundra‐nesting birds are not fully understood. Here, we evaluate the impacts of light geese (Snow Geese,Chen caerulescens,and Ross’ Goose,Chen rossii) populations on other tundra‐nesting birds, using count data collected during bird surveys conducted at varying distances from light goose colonies across the Canadian Arctic. From a dataset of 920 12–16 ha plots distributed across the Canadian Arctic, we identified 527 that were within 200 km of the mapped extent of known light goose colonies. After accounting for regional variation, we demonstrate that densities of most Cover‐Nesting Shorebirds and passerines are depressed in the vicinity of light goose colonies. We suggest that these trends are the results of the combined effects of goose‐induced changes in habitat and predator–prey interactions. These direct and indirect effects of light geese could be contributing to the declines experienced by some tundra‐nesting bird populations in parts of their range. Ongoing climate‐related changes to habitat, predators, and arthropods could interact with this effect of geese to further alter the suitability of tundra habitats for Arctic‐breeding birds, in additive or even unanticipated ways.
Extent and drivers of vegetation type conversion in Southern California chaparral
Authors: Syphard Alexandra D. , Brennan Teresa J. , Keeley Jon E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe native chaparral shrublands of Southern California support exceptional biodiversity and provide critical ecological services, but increased fire frequency threatens to extirpate much of the chaparral due to long regeneration times needed between fires for many species. When short fire intervals inhibit shrub recovery, this favors invasion of exotic herbaceous species, and vegetation type conversion from woody shrubs to grassland is therefore a serious ecological concern in this biodiversity hotspot. Despite a history of field studies documenting the detrimental effect of short‐interval fire, the extent of vegetation type conversion and the conditions under which it occurs have not been documented at a landscape scale. Our objective was thus to provide an unbiased assessment of how and how much vegetation type conversion is occurring in Southern California chaparral. We used a chronosequence of aerial photographs to quantify percentage woody and herbaceous cover change from 1953 to 2016 across randomly sampled plots in San Diego County, then related conversion and decline to a range of explanatory variables including fire, proximity to human disturbance, and biophysical landscape characteristics. Within the 63‐yr study period, there was substantial net woody cover loss, and in the plots that were initially more than 75% woody cover in 1953, 59% experienced a decline, with a mean woody cover loss of 22.5%. Of these, 28% heavily type‐converted to the point that herbaceous vegetation covered more than 50% of the plot. The top drivers for woody conversion and decline included a fire interval shorter than 15 yr and total number of fires, actual evapotranspiration, and elevation. Although human land use variables were not strong independent contributors to either chaparral conversion or decline, 26% of the initial vegetated plots were directly converted to development or other human disturbance types. The combination of direct habitat loss and unintentional vegetation type conversion represents a substantial ecological impact in Southern California that can have far‐reaching impacts via loss of ecological services and by increasing the flammability of the landscape in general. Efforts to reduce fire frequency will be key to preventing further losses.
Acknowledging differences: number, characteristics, and distribution of marine benthic communities along Taiwan coast
Authors: Lin Yuting Vicky , Denis Vianney 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOur knowledge of the ability of coral reefs to face contemporary challenges disregards the wide variety of benthic communities (BCs) that could be associated with contrasted dynamics when facing stressors. Accordingly, this study investigates the number, characteristics, and distribution of BCs responsible for the development of coastal three‐dimensional structures in Taiwan. A total of 89 transects among three regions (north, east, and south) and two depths (−10 and −40 m) were characterized using a morpho‐functional categorization of benthic organisms. Using an unsupervised learning algorithm, k‐means cluster, an optimal number of k groups were identified among transects in order to minimize total intra‐group variance and represent a first level of organization, mirroring the number of BCs. Each BC was then described into prevailing categories and typified by an association with significant indicator groups. Their distributions were further examined and tested among regions and depths. Seven BCs were identified as having different composition and indicator categories. Their distributions suggest that, while sea surface temperature and light regime may be associated with a panel of available BCs, local conditions may have the final say on whether a BC eventually thrives at a given location. Overall, this study proposes an innovative and simple analytical framework for acknowledging differences among BCs. Our results encourage greater consideration of these shades in coral reef ecology studies, as they could conceal a variety of roles and dynamics important for the conservation of these endangered ecosystems.
Anthropogenic N deposition, fungal gene expression, and an increasing soil carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Zak Donald R. , Argiroff William A. , Freedman Zachary B. , Upchurch Rima A. , Entwistle Elizabeth M. , Romanowicz Karl J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere are a globally important sink for anthropogenic CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere, slowing its accumulation as well as the pace of climate warming. With the use of a long‐term field experiment (ca. 20 yr), we show that the expression of fungal class II peroxidase genes, which encode enzymes mediating the rate‐limiting step of organic matter decay, are significantly downregulated (−60 to −80%) because of increases in anthropogenic N deposition; this response was consistent with a decline in extracellular peroxidase enzyme activity in soil, the slowing of organic‐matter decay, and greater soil C storage. The reduction in peroxidase expression we document here occurred in the absence of a compositional shift in metabolically active fungi, indicating that an overall reduction in peroxidase expression underlies the slowing of decay and increases in soil C storage. This molecular mechanism has global implications for soil C storage and should be represented in coupled climate–biogeochemical models simulating the influence of enhanced terrestrial C storage on atmospheric CO2 and the future climate of an N‐enriched Earth.
Infection at an ecotone: cross‐system foraging increases satellite parasites but decreases core parasites in raccoons
Authors: Weinstein Sara B. , Van Wert Jacey C. , Kinsella Mike , Tkach Vasyl V. , Lafferty Kevin D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEcotones can increase free‐living species richness, but little is known about how parasites respond to ecotones. Here, we use parasite communities in raccoons (Procyon lotor) to test the hypothesis that parasite communities can be divided into core and satellite species, each with fundamentally different responses to ecotones. We used published parasite surveys to classify parasites as common core or rare satellite species, and then surveyed raccoons in coastal California to examine how proximity to two aquatic ecotones altered parasite communities. Raccoons near ecotones had more satellite and fewer core parasite species. Specifically, the marine ecotone increased parasite diversity by adding satellite species to a persistent core community, whereas the freshwater ecotone shifted the community from core to satellite species without a net change in parasite richness. We hypothesize that increased parasite richness at the marine ecotone resulted from increased diet diversity, but that raccoons were sinks for some parasites. Increased exposure to rare parasites at ecotones has implications for wildlife health and provides insight into observed associations between ecotones and emerging disease.
Humour is serious: Minority group members’ use of humour in their encounters with majority group members
Authors: Dobai Anna , Hopkins Nick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article adds to the social psychological literature on how minority group members seek to manage their interactions with majority group members. Specifically, it focuses on minority group members’ use of humour in interactions where they anticipate or actually experience prejudice. The data on which our analysis is based originate from interviews conducted with Roma in Hungary (N = 30). Asked about their interactions with majority group members, interviewees reported using humour as a means to (a) manage embarrassment; (b) gather information about the other's intergroup attitudes; and (c) subvert taken‐for‐granted understandings of social relations. The humour involved was diverse. Sometimes it entailed the telling of (Roma‐related) jokes. Sometimes it involved the exaggerated performance of roles and identities that ironised majority–minority social relations. The significance of humour as a tool for minority group members to exert some control over their interactions with majority group members is discussed.
Numerical analysis of particle erosion in the rectifying plate system during shale gas extraction
Authors: Peng Shanbi , Chen Qikun , Shan Congxin , Wang Di 
Published: July 2019

AbstractErosion caused by sand particles in the pipe system is a major concern in the shale gas industry. In the rectifying plate system, the fluid with high Reynolds number is assumed to be the fully turbulent flow. To investigate particle erosion under the complex flow in the rectifying plate system, various erosion simulations are conducted in this study. Because the gas velocity, sand input, particles size, and particles shape can affect the erosion in rectifying system, the effect of gas velocities (5‐30 m/s), sand inputs (50‐400 kg/d), and particle parameters (various particle sizes and various particle shapes) on erosion is simulated. Moreover, the erosion experiment conducted in Tulsa University is used to verify the accuracy of simulation model. Through the calculation and analysis, it is obtained that different gas velocities will change the position where the max erosion rate appears. Various sand inputs lead to different max erosion rates. In addition, the effect of sand input on the distribution of erosion scars on rectifying plate is more obvious than that of on elbows. Finally, the effect of size and shape of particles on erosion is investigated. It is found that with the increase in particle diameter, the shape of erosion scar on elbow 1 changes gradually from an ellipse to the V‐shape.
A comparison of snowmelt‐derived streamflow from temperature‐index and modified‐temperature‐index snow models
Authors: Follum Michael L. , Niemann Jeffrey D. , Fassnacht Steven R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReliable estimation of the volume and timing of snowmelt runoff is vital for water supply and flood forecasting in snow‐dominated regions. Snowmelt is often simulated using temperature‐index (TI) models due to their applicability in data‐sparse environments. Previous research has shown that a modified‐TI model, which uses a radiation‐derived proxy temperature instead of air temperature as its surrogate for available energy, can produce more accurate snow‐covered area (SCA) maps than a traditional TI model. However, it is unclear whether the improved SCA maps are associated with improved snow water equivalent (SWE) estimation across the watershed or improved snowmelt‐derived streamflow simulation. This paper evaluates whether a modified‐TI model produces better streamflow estimates than a TI model when they are used within a fully distributed hydrologic model. It further evaluates the performance of the two models when they are calibrated using either point SWE measurements or SCA maps. The Senator Beck Basin in Colorado is used as the study site because its surface is largely bedrock, which reduces the role of infiltration and emphasizes the role of the SWE pattern on streamflow generation. Streamflow is simulated using both models for 6 years. The modified‐TI model produces more accurate streamflow estimates (including flow volume and peak flow rate) than the TI model, likely because the modified‐TI model better reproduces the SWE pattern across the watershed. Both models also produce better performance when calibrated with SCA maps instead of point SWE data, likely because the SCA maps better constrain the space‐time pattern of SWE.
Promoting Empathetic Reading WithBetween Shades of GrayThrough a Global Blogging Project
Authors: Schieble Melissa , Kucinskiene Lolita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe authors drew on empirical data from a blogging project that brought English teachers from the United States and Lithuania together online to discuss the young adult novelBetween Shades of Grayby Ruta Sepetys. The novel tells the story of a 15‐year‐old girl, Lina, and her family, who are forcibly separated and deported to a Siberian labor camp under Stalin's occupation of the Baltic States during World WarII. The authors argue that the pedagogical context sheds light on what an empathetic reading of the state‐sponsored atrocities described in this book might entail, thus avoiding common pitfalls with difficult knowledge when readers are positioned to try on through role‐play or detach through close reading and literary analysis. Throughout, the authors define and promote one possibility of what empathetic reading can look like when pedagogies position readers as empathetic learners.