bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Small stories of closing loops’: social circularity and the everyday circular economy
Authors: Hobson Kersty 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is now no doubt that current global production-consumption-disposal systems are threatening the fundamental conditions of existence on this planet. In response, the pressing need for total system transformation has gained civic and political traction, feeding into long-standing debates and interventions that are aimed at recalibrating prevailing economic and social practices. One such debate and intervention is that of the circular economy (CE). Here, advocates argue that current linear resource and energy use systems must be reconfigured into loops of re-use, repair, refurbishment, and recycling, displacing primary production and lessening greenhouse gas emissions in the process. This agenda has potentially profound implications for aspects of daily social practices. Yet, to date, little attention has been paid (politically and in research) to how the CE does and will interact with everyday habits, norms, and meanings. In response, this paper explores some of the conceptual assumptions underlying the CE ‘consumer’. It argues that mainstream CE debates are underscored by an impoverished view of our relationships with complex material cultures, which in turn is creating barriers to transformation. Drawing on empirical research into responses to the CE in the UK and the Netherlands, this paper contrasts the challenges of inciting consumers to take up new, resource-efficient business models in contexts of hyper-consumerism, with a more hopeful ‘small story’ of overt, small-scale circular spaces, that nevertheless embed the CE and its underlying impetuses more clearly into the everyday.
Defining a mountain landscape characterized by grazing using actor perception, governmental strategy, and environmental monitoring data
Authors: Neumann Wiebke , Sandström Camilla , Holmgren Lina , Ericsson Göran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn multi-functional mountainous landscapes worldwide, conservation of natural values is a major task. Here, pro-active policies can be a way forward. National Environmental Quality Objectives (EQO) to solve environmental problems for future generations, however, often wrestle with being too visionary and lacking specificity, which complicates their implementation. The EQO “A Magnificent Mountain Landscape” that has been adopted by the Swedish Parliament in 1999 to preserve the pristine mountain environment in Sweden, experiences all these flaws. To aid its implementation, we studied the conditions and processes needed to define, to evaluate, and to preserve its goals across the Swedish mountain chain, using one of its milestone targets (a landscape characterized by grazing) as a study system. Applying qualitative and quantitative methods, we analyzed three types of data: 1) referral responses to the governmental strategy document, 2) interviews with relevant actors, and 3) environmental monitoring data (reindeer position data). Nationally, our results suggest a need for geographical differentiation to match regional/local conditions. Regionally, difference in both perception and definition of the milestone target among the actors hinders the formulation, monitoring, and evaluation of a common goal. Next to a culture-nature divide, we found that a “within as a user” and “from the outside as an observer” perspective influenced suggested definitions. Moreover, we found a need for better defining whether the goal is maintaining current conditions or restoring previous ones. Our result supports the use of animal position data as a decision support tool to monitor and to aid evaluation of the target. Given the number of actors involved and conflicts of interests present, we suggest the application of a structured decision process to accomplish agreements on a common goal. Here, environmental monitoring data can aid a “landscape assessment step” as a natural part in the decision process to target landscape management actions resourcefully and effectively.
Study of a boundary value problem for fractional order $$\psi $$-Hilfer fractional derivative
Authors: Harikrishnan S. , Shah Kamal , Kanagarajan K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This manuscript is devoted to the existence theory of a class of random fractional differential equations (RFDEs) involving boundary condition (BCs). Here we take the corresponding derivative of arbitrary order in $$\psi $$
ψ
-Hilfer sense. By utilizing classical fixed point theory and nonlinear analysis we establish some basic results of the qualitative theory such as existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions to the considered boundary value problem of RFDEs. Further, for the justification of our analysis we provide two examples.
Profiles of individual assets and mental health symptoms in at‐risk early adolescents
Authors: Min Meeyoung O. , Yoon Dalhee , Minnes Sonia , Ridenour Ty , Singer Lynn T. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionFew studies investigated the combined patterns of individual assets (e.g., social competence, positive identity) and mental health symptoms (MHS) in adolescents. This study examined the patterns of early adolescents' individual assets and MHS and whether identified patterns were associated with later adolescents’ outcomes.MethodsParticipants were 352 (164 boys, 188 girls) adolescents who were primarily African‐American and from low socioeconomic status families, participating in a prospective study of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure from birth in the Midwest United States. Individual assets, using the Developmental Assets Profile, and MHS, using the Youth Self‐Report, were assessed at age 12. Substance use, via self‐report and biologic assays, early (before age 15) sexual behaviors, and behavioral adjustment were assessed at age 15.ResultsLatent profile analysis indicated four distinctive profiles: low assets with elevated MHS (P1, n = 54, 15.3%); adequate assets with thought and social problems (P2, n = 84, 23.9%); low assets without MHS (P3, n = 101, 28.7%); and high assets without MHS (P4, n = 113, 32.1%). Children in the profile with high assets without MHS (P4) were more likely to have a higher IQ and to be in a more optimal environment (higher parental monitoring and less family conflict) than those in other profiles. Although profiles with MHS were associated with adolescent risk behaviors, this relationship was more pronounced for girls than for boys.ConclusionsGirls in the low assets with elevated MHS (P1) should be a primary concern for preventive intervention. Our study demonstrates the heterogeneity of individual patterns of adaptation and maladaptation.
Utilizing the Heliophysics/Geospace System Observatory to Understand Particle Injections: Their Scale Sizes and Propagation Directions
Authors: Gabrielse Christine , Spanswick Emma , Artemyev Anton , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Runov Andrei , Lyons Larry , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Turner Drew L. , Reeves Geoffrey D. , McPherron Robert , Donovan Eric 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe injection region's formation, scale size, and propagation direction have been debated throughout the years, with new questions arising with increased plasma sheet observations by missions like Cluster and THEMIS. How do temporally and spatially small‐scale injections relate to the larger injections historically observed at geosynchronous orbit? How to account for opposing propagation directions—earthward, tailward, and azimuthal—observed by different studies? To address these questions, we used a combination of multisatellite and ground‐based observations to knit together a cohesive story explaining injection formation, propagation, and differing spatial scales and timescales. We used a case study to put statistics into context. First, fast earthward flows with embedded small‐scale dipolarizing flux bundles transport both magnetic flux and energetic particles earthward, resulting in minutes‐long injection signatures. Next, a large‐scale injection propagates azimuthally and poleward/tailward, observed in situ as enhanced flux and on the ground in the riometer signal. The large‐scale dipolarization propagates in a similar direction and speed as the large‐scale electron injection. We suggest small‐scale injections result from earthward‐propagating, small‐scale dipolarizing flux bundles, which rapidly contribute to the large‐scale dipolarization. We suggest the large‐scale dipolarization is the source of the large‐scale electron injection region, such that as dipolarization expands, so does the injection. The >90‐keV ion flux increased and decreased with the plasma flow, which died at the satellites as global dipolarization engulfed them. We suggest the ion injection region at these energies in the plasma sheet is better organized by the plasma flow.
Meridional Overturning and Heat Transport From Argo Floats Displacements and the Planetary Geostrophic Method (PGM): Application to the subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Colin de Verdière Alain , Meunier Thomas , Ollitrault Michel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA direct method is presented to obtain the meridional overturning and heat transport in oceanic basins from observations under the sole assumptions of geostrophy and hydrostatics. The method is made possible because of the rising Argo float displacements database that can provide a reference level at 1000 dbar for the time mean circulation at 1° × 1° resolution. To achieve the overturning and heat transport objectives, the absolute geostrophic time mean circulation must have nondivergent barotropic transports and this requires the solutions of two Poisson equations with suitable boundary conditions, one for the geopotential at 1000 dbar and one for the barotropic stream function. Applied to the subpolar Atlantic for the period 2000–2009, an overturning of 16–18 Sv is found around 40–50°N, and a meridional heat transport of 0.59 petawatt (PW, 1 PW = 1015 W) is found at 40°N (0.23 PW at 60°N) so that on average ~50 W/m2 is exported from ocean to atmosphere to feed the atmospheric storm track. The zonally averaged flow (the overturning) falls short of explaining the observed heat transport, and the barotropic component of the circulation accounts for up to 50% of the heat transport poleward of 55°N. With the rising Argo float database, the method offers high potential to reconstruct the World Ocean time mean circulation and its heat transport away from the equator at higher resolution. The drawback is that it requires in some critical places additional current observations on the shallow shelves that are not sampled by the Argo floats.
The Influence of Foreland Structures on Hinterland Cooling: Evaluating the Drivers of Exhumation in the Eastern Bhutan Himalaya
Authors: McQuarrie Nadine , Eizenhöfer Paul R. , Long Sean P. , Tobgay Tobgay , Ehlers Todd A. , Blythe Ann E. , Morgan Leah E. , Gilmore Michelle E. , Dering Gregory M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding, and ideally quantifying, the relative roles of climatic and tectonic processes during orogenic exhumation is critical to resolving the dynamics of mountain building. However, vastly differing opinions regarding proposed drivers often complicate how thermochronometric ages are interpreted, particularly from the hinterland portions of thrust belts. Here we integrate three possible cross‐section geometries and kinematics along a transect through the eastern Bhutan Himalaya with a thermal model (Pecube‐D) to calculate the resulting thermal field and predict potential ages. We compare predicted ages to a suite of new and published cooling ages. Our results argue for ramp‐focused exhumation of the Main Central thrust from 16 to 14 Ma at shortening rates of 40–55 mm/year, followed by slower rates (25 mm/year) during the last 50 km of Main Central thrust displacement and growth of the Lesser Himalayan duplex from 14 to 11 Ma. Emplacement of frontal Lesser Himalayan thrust sheets occurred rapidly (55–70 mm/year) between ~11 and 9 Ma, followed by a decrease in shortening rates to ~10 mm/year during motion on the Main Boundary thrust. Modern shortening rates (17 mm/year) and out‐of‐sequence motion on the Main Boundary thrust from 0.5 Ma to present reproduce the young cooling ages near the Main Boundary thrust. We show that the dominant control on exhumation patterns in a fold‐thrust belt results from the evolution of ramps and emphasize that the geometry and kinematics of structures driving hinterland exhumation need to be evaluated with their linked foreland structures to ensure the viability of the proposed geometry, kinematics, and thus cooling history.
Mooring and Seafloor Pressure End Point Measurements at the Southern Entrance of the Solomon Sea: Subseasonal to Interannual Flow Variability
Authors: Anutaliya Arachaporn , Send Uwe , Sprintall Janet , McClean Julie L. , Lankhorst Matthias , Koelling Jannes 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVariability of the flow across the Solomon Sea's southern entrance was examined using end point subsurface moorings and seafloor pressure sensors, reconstructed velocity profiles based on satellite‐derived surface velocity and bottom pressure‐derived subsurface velocity, and 1993–2017 proxy volume transport based on satellite altimetry. The reconstructed velocity correctly represents the fluctuating surface flow and subsurface core providing a high‐frequency continuous observing system for this sea. The mean equatorward volume transport over 0‐ to 500‐m depth layer is 15.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3/s) during July 2012 to May 2017. The measurements resolve the full spectrum of the volume transport including energetic subseasonal variability that fluctuates by as much as 25 Sv over one week. At low‐frequency timescales, the study finds that linear Rossby waves forced by Ekman pumping in the interior of the Pacific influence not only seasonal fluctuations as found by previous studies but also interannual variability. As found previously, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation highly influences interannual volume transport. During the 2015/2016 El Niño, observations show the seasonal cycle to be suppressed from the second half of 2014, prior to the mature phase of the El Niño, to September 2016 along with an increase in across‐transect transport. At subseasonal timescales, local Ekman pumping and remote wind stress curl are responsible for a third of the subseasonal variance. The study highlights the importance of high‐frequency observations at the southern entrance of the Solomon Sea and the ability of a linear Rossby model to represent the low‐frequency variability of the transport.
Assessing the Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrate and Sulfate Aerosols at the South Pole Utilizing Stable Isotopes
Authors: Walters Wendell W. , Michalski Greg , Böhlke J. K. , Alexander Becky , Savarino Joël , Thiemens Mark H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAtmospheric nitrate (NO3− = particulate NO3− + gas‐phase nitric acid [HNO3]) and sulfate (SO42−) are key molecules that play important roles in numerous atmospheric processes. Here, the seasonal cycles of NO3− and total suspended particulate sulfate (SO42−(TSP)) were evaluated at the South Pole from aerosol samples collected weekly for approximately 10 months (26 January to 25 October) in 2002 and analyzed for their concentration and isotopic compositions. Aerosol NO3− was largely affected by snowpack emissions in which [NO3−] and δ15N(NO3−) were highest (49.3 ± 21.4 ng/m3, n = 8) and lowest (−47.0 ± 11.7‰, n = 5), respectively, during periods of sunlight in the interior of Antarctica. The seasonal cycle of Δ17O(NO3−) reflected tropospheric chemistry year‐round with lower values observed during sunlight periods and higher values observed during dark periods, reflecting shifts from HOx‐ to O3‐dominated oxidation chemistry. SO42−(TSP) concentrations were highest during austral summer and fall (86.7 ± 73.7 ng/m3, n = 18) and are indicated to be derived from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions, as δ34S(SO42−)(TSP) values (18.5 ± 1.0‰, n = 10) were similar to literature δ34S(DMS) values. The seasonal cycle of Δ17O(SO42−)(TSP) exhibited minima during austral summer (0.9 ± 0.1‰, n = 5) and maxima during austral fall (1.3 ± 0.3‰, n = 6) and austral spring (1.6 ± 0.1‰, n = 5), indicating a shift from HOx‐ to O3‐dominated chemistry in the atmospheric derived SO42− component. Overall, the budgets of NO3− and SO42−(TSP) at the South Pole were complex functions of transport, localized chemistry, biological activity, and meteorological conditions, and these results will be important for interpretations of oxyanions in ice core records in the interior of Antarctica.
Magmatism Along Lateral Slab Edges: Insights From the Diamante‐Enotrio‐Ovidio Volcanic‐Intrusive Complex (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)
Authors: De Ritis R. , Pepe F. , Orecchio B. , Casalbore D. , Bosman A. , Chiappini M. , Chiocci F. , Corradino M. , Nicolich R. , Martorelli E. , Monaco C. , Presti D. , Totaro C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVolcanic‐intrusive complexes often formed along lateral slab edges as a consequence of subduction‐induced mantle flow. We investigate this process in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea by integrating multibeam bathymetry, seismic‐reflection data, regional magnetic anomalies data, and seismological data. The interpretation of the data highlights the presence of magmatic intrusions that locally reach the seafloor forming volcanic edifices. Chimneys, lava flows, and laccoliths are observed beneath and surrounding the volcanoes. The emplacement and cooling of the magma occurred during the Brunhes Chron. The volcanoes are not active even if the hydrothermal activity occurs. The volcanic‐intrusive complex can be subdivided in a western domain (Diamante and Enotrio seamounts) where strike‐slip transpressional faults deform the volcanic edifices and an eastern domain (Ovidio volcanic seamounts) characterized by flat‐topped volcanic edifices. The flat‐topped morphology is the result of the interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, and sea‐level change. The Ovidio volcanic seamounts formed in an area that experienced at least 60 m of subsidence. Magnetic signatures over the northern side of the Ovidio and Diamante seamounts highlight the presence of a deep‐rooted, magnetized feeding system remnant. Volcanic edifices extend above a magma feeding system, characterized by low Vp/Vs ratios. The Diamante‐Enotrio‐Ovidio volcanic‐intrusive complex formed as a consequence of the ascent of subduction‐induced mantle flow originated in the northern‐western edge of the retreating Ionian slab. We speculate that the magma ascent was controlled by a strike‐slip deformation belt, which accommodated the bulk of the shear strain resulting from the formation of a roughly E‐W trending, Subduction‐Transform Edges Propagator fault.
Data‐driven online temperature compensation for robust field‐oriented torque‐controlled induction machines
Authors: Phuc Pieter Nguyen , Vansompel Hendrik , Bozalakov Dimitar , Stockman Kurt , Crevecoeur Guillaume 
Published: July 2019

Squirrel‐cage induction machines (IMs) with indirect field‐oriented control are widely used in industry and are frequently chosen for their accurate and dynamic torque control. During operation, however, temperature rises leading to changes in machine parameters. The rotor resistance, in particular, alters, affecting the accuracy of the torque control. The authors investigated the effect of a rotor resistance parameter mismatch in the control algorithm on the angular rotor flux misalignment and the subsequent deviation of stator currents and motor torque from their setpoints. Hence, an online, data‐driven torque compensation to eliminate the temperature effect is proposed to enable robust torque‐controlled IMs. A model‐based analysis and experimental mapping of the temperature effect on motor torque is presented. A temperature‐torque lookup‐table is subsequently implemented within the control algorithm demonstrating the ability to reduce the detrimental effect of temperature on torque control. Experimental results on a 5.5 kW squirrel‐cage induction motor show that the proposed data‐driven online temperature compensation method is able to reduce torque mismatch when compared to having no temperature compensation. Up to 17% torque mismatch is reduced at nominal torque and even up to 23% at torque setpoints that are lower than 20% of the nominal torque. A limited torque error of <1% remains in a broad operating range.
Composition‐induced non‐ergodic–ergodic transition and electrocaloric evolution in Pb1−1.5x Lax Zr0.8 Ti0.2 O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Li Junjie , Yin Ruowei , Su Xiaopo , Li Jianting , Qin Shiqiang , Wei Qiumei , Zhu Mankang , Guo Dong , Qiao Lijie , Bai Yang 
Published: July 2019

Relaxor ferroelectrics, with polar nanoregions (PNRs), are good candidates for electrocaloric (EC) refrigeration. This study investigates the EC performance of the Pb1−1.5x Lax Zr0.8 Ti0.2 O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics by the direct measurement using a modified differential scanning calorimeter. All the ceramics exhibit pure perovskite phase with a dense microstructure. The results indicate that the increasing La substitution strengthens the relaxor behaviour, promotes the transition from non‐ergodic to ergodic state, and enhances the thermal stability of EC property (instability η  < 16% within 0–140°C for x  = 0.09). While the EC peak widens and shifts to lower temperatures, the peak value decreases from ΔT max  = 0.98 K (@140°C) for x  = 0.06 to ΔT max  = 0.25 K (@40°C) for x  = 0.09 under an electric field of 40 kV/cm. Moreover, the ceramics with x  = 0.07, near the non‐ergodic–ergodic state boundary, show the optimised room temperature EC performance, i.e. ΔT  = 0.41 K (@20°C) and η  < 20% within a wide temperature range of 0–80°C. This work provides an effective material design approach for EC refrigeration in different application conditions.
Distributed temperature sensing in OPGW with multiple optical fibres
Authors: Carvalho Renatto V. , Bonfim Márlio Jose do Couto , Ussuna Daniel A. , Toledo Luiz F.R.B. , Martins Rafael , Filho Vitoldo S. 
Published: July 2019

The ampacity of a material is defined as its maximum electrical current capacity. In an overhead transmission line, it is related to the maximum sag that does not compromise its safe operation. As the sag depends on the conductor's temperature, with this parameter it is possible to estimate its ampacity, increasing the efficiency of the electrical system via real‐time energy dispatch management. With the Brillouin backscattering phenomena, the distributed temperature measurement in the fibre inside the optical ground wire (OPGW) or optical phase conductor is possible. However, it is common for overhead power transmission lines to be composed by more than one optical fibre. A calibration algorithm was developed to enable the application of a distributed temperature sensing equipment to monitor the temperature of an OPGW with more than two different fibres. The 230 kV Ibiporã‐Londrina Transmission Line was used as a case study, being approximately 20 km long and composed of three different fibres spliced in series along with its extension. Through comparison with calibrated sensors, the technique and algorithm were validated. It was possible to characterize the system and perform the temperature monitoring with a spatial resolution of 1 m and amplitude error of less than 6°C.