bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Home-Based HIV Testing Services on Progress Toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 Targets in a Hyperendemic Area of South Africa
Authors: Lewis Lara , Maughan-Brown Brendan , Grobler Anneke , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , Glenshaw Mary , Kharsany Ayesha B. M. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
In several subgroups of South Africa, the percentage of HIV-positive individuals aware of their status falls well below the UNAIDS 90% target. This study examined the impact that home-based HIV testing services (HBHTS) had on knowledge of status in a hyperendemic area of South Africa.

Methods:
We analysed data from the second cross-sectional HIV Incidence Provincial Surveillance System survey (2015/2016), a representative sample (n = 10,236) of individuals aged 15–49 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, provided blood samples for laboratory testing (used to estimate HIV prevalence), and were offered HBHTS. The proportion of people living with HIV (n = 3870) made aware of their status through HBHTS was measured, and factors associated with HBHTS uptake were identified.

Results:
Knowledge of HIV-positive status at the time of the survey was 62.9% among men and 73.4% among women. Through HBHTS, the percentage of HIV-positive men and women who knew their status rose to 74.2% and 80.5%, respectively. The largest impact was observed among youth (15–24 years). Knowledge of status increased from 36.6% to 59.3% and from 50.8% to 64.8% among young men and women, respectively. In addition, 51.4% of those who had previously never tested received their first test. Key reasons for declining HBHTS among undiagnosed HIV-positive individuals included fear and self-report of an HIV-negative status.

Conclusions:
HBHTS was effective in increasing awareness of HIV-positive status, particularly among youth, men, and those who had never tested. HBHTS could have a marked impact on progress toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets within these subgroups.
Brief Report: Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function Among HIV-1–Infected Individuals in China, India, and Nigeria
Authors: Jumare Jibreel , El-Kamary Samer S. , Magder Laurence , Hungerford Laura , Umlauf Anya , Franklin Donald , Ghate Manisha , Abimiku Alash'le , Charurat Man , Letendre Scott , Ellis Ronald J. , Mehendale Sanjay , Blattner William A. , Royal Walter , Marcotte Thomas D. , Heaton Robert K. , Grant Igor , McCutchan John A. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Risk of cognitive impairment is increased among persons with high or low body mass index in HIV− and HIV+ populations in resource-rich settings. We examined this association among HIV+ patients in 3 resource-limited settings.

Methods:
This secondary analysis included data of 761 HIV+ volunteers pooled from 3 prospective cohort studies conducted in China (n = 404; 53%), India (n = 200; 26%), and Nigeria (n = 157; 21%). World Health Organization (WHO) weight classifications were based on body mass index. T scores, adjusted for demographics and practice effects, were derived from a 7-domain neuropsychological battery. Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) was defined as global deficit score of ≥0.5.

Results:
Overall, prevalence of NCI at baseline was 27.7% (similar across all cohorts). The overweight/obese and underweight constituted 37.3% and 15.5% of the total participants, respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression of pooled longitudinal data, adjusting for clinical and demographic variables, the odds of global NCI were 38% higher among the overweight/obese as compared to normal weight participants [odds ratio: 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 1.72); P = 0.005]. Similarly, the odds of global NCI were 39% higher among the underweight as compared to normal weight participants [odds ratio: 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.87); P = 0.029].

Conclusions:
NCI among HIV-1–infected patients was more prevalent in both overweight/obese and underweight than normal weight individuals in 3 resource-limited settings, confirming observations in resource-rich settings. Mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear but likely differ for underweight and overweight persons.
Decreases in Self-Reported ART Adherence Predict HIV Viremia Among Pregnant and Postpartum South African Women
Authors: Phillips Tamsin K. , Wilson Ira B. , Brittain Kirsty , Zerbe Allison , Mellins Claude A. , Remien Robert H. , Orrell Catherine , Abrams Elaine J. , Myer Landon 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Routine HIV viral load (VL) monitoring is recommended for patients on antiretroviral therapy, but frequent VL testing, required in pregnant and postpartum women, is often not feasible. Self-reported adherence can be valuable, but little is known about its longitudinal characteristics.

Methods:
We followed women living with HIV from antiretroviral therapy initiation in pregnancy through 18-month postpartum in Cape Town, South Africa, with repeated measurement of VL and self-reported adherence using a 3-item scale. We used generalized estimating equations [with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] to investigate the association between viremia and change in adherence over pairs of consecutive visits.

Results:
Among 2085 visit pairs from 433 women, a decrease in self-reported adherence relative to the previous visit on any of the 3 self-report items, or the combined scale, was associated with VL >50 and >1000 copies per milliliter. The best-performing thresholds to predict VL >50 copies per milliliter were a single-level decrease on the Likert response item “how good a job did you do at taking your HIV medicines in the way that you were supposed to?” (OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.91), and a decrease equivalent to ≥5 missed doses or a one-level decrease in score on either of 2 Likert items (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.69).

Conclusions:
Longitudinal changes in self-reported adherence can help identify patients with viremia. This approach warrants consideration in settings where frequent VL monitoring or other objective adherence measures are not possible.
Sources of path integration error in young and aging humans
Authors: Stangl Matthias , Kanitscheider Ingmar , Riemer Martin , Fiete Ila , Wolbers Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPath integration is a vital function in navigation: it enables the continuous tracking of one’s position in space by integrating self-motion cues. Path integration abilities vary across individuals but tend to deteriorate in old age. The specific causes of path integration errors, however, remain poorly characterized. Here, we combined tests of path integration performance with a novel analysis based on the Langevin diffusion equation, which allowed us to decompose errors into distinct causes that can corrupt path integration computations. Across age groups, the dominant errors were due to noise and a bias in speed estimation. Noise-driven errors accumulated with travel distance not elapsed time, suggesting that the dominant noise originates in the velocity input rather than within the integrator. Age-related declines were traced primarily to a growth in this unbiased noise. Together, these findings shed light on the contributors to path integration error and the mechanisms underlying age-related navigational deficits.
Rational reprogramming of cellular states by combinatorial perturbation
Authors: Duan Jialei , Li Boxun , Bhakta Minoti , Xie Shiqi , Zhou Pei , Munshi Nikhil V. , Hon Gary C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEctopic expression of transcription factors (TFs) can reprogram cell state. However, due to the large combinatorial space of possible TF cocktails, it remains difficult to identify TFs that reprogram specific cell types. Here, we develop Reprogram-Seq to experimentally screen thousands of TF cocktails for reprogramming performance. Reprogram-Seq leverages organ-specific cell atlas data with single-cell perturbation and computational analysis to predict, evaluate, and optimize TF combinations that reprogram a cell type of interest. Focusing on the cardiac system, we perform Reprogram-Seq on MEFs using an undirected library of 48 cardiac factors and separately on a directed library of 10 epicardial-related TFs. We identify a novel combination of 3 TFs which efficiently reprogram MEFs to epicardial-like cells that are transcriptionally, molecularly, morphologically, and functionally similar to primary epicardial cells. Reprogram-Seq holds promise to accelerate the generation of specific cell types for regenerative medicine.
Target-specific co-transmission of acetylcholine and GABA from a subset of cortical VIP+ interneurons
Authors: Granger Adam J. , Wang Wengang , Robertson Keiramarie , El-Rifai Mahmoud , Zanello Andrea , Bistrong Karina , Saunders Arpiar , Chow Brian , Nuñez Vicente , Gu Chenghua , Sabatini Bernardo L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe modulation of cortex by acetylcholine (ACh) is typically thought to originate from long-range projections arising in the basal forebrain. However, a subset of VIP interneurons express ChAT, the synthetic enzyme for ACh, and are a potential local source of cortical ACh. Which neurotransmitters these VIP/ChAT interneurons (VCINs) release is unclear, and which post-synaptic cell types these transmitters target is not known. Using quantitative molecular analysis of VCIN pre-synaptic terminals, we show expression of the molecular machinery to release both ACh and GABA, with ACh release restricted to a subset of boutons. A systematic survey of potential post-synaptic cell types shows that VCINs release GABA primarily onto other inhibitory interneuron subtypes, while ACh neurotransmission is notably sparse, with most ACh release onto layer 1 interneurons and other VCINs. Therefore, VCINs are an alternative source of cortical ACh signaling that supplement GABA-mediated disinhibition with highly targeted excitation through ACh.
A Primase-Induced Conformational Switch Controls the Stability of the Bacterial Replisome
Authors: Monachino Enrico , Jergic Slobodan , Lewis Jacob S. , Xu Zhi-Qiang , Lo Allen T.Y. , L. O’Shea Valerie , Berger James M. , Dixon Nicholas E. , van Oijen Antoine M. 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARYRecent studies of bacterial DNA replication have led to a picture of the replisome as an entity that freely exchanges DNA polymerases and displays intermittent coupling between the helicase and polymerase(s). Challenging the textbook model of the polymerase holoenzyme acting as a stable complex coordinating the replisome, these observations suggest a role of the helicase as the central organizing hub. We show here that the molecular origin of this newly-found plasticity lies in the >400-fold increase in strength of the interaction between the polymerase holoenzyme and the replicative helicase upon association of the primase with the replisome. By combiningin vitroensemble-averaged and single-molecule assays, we demonstrate that this conformational switch operates during replication and promotes recruitment of multiple holoenzymes at the fork. Our observations provide a molecular mechanism for polymerase exchange and offer a revised model for the replication reaction that emphasizes its stochasticity.
Genetic Diversity and Coexistence ofBabesiain Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Northeastern China
Authors: Jiang Jia-Fu , Jiang Bao-Gui , Yuan Ting-Ting , Von Fricken Michael , Jia Na , Jiang Rui-Ruo , Zhang Yuan , Li Xin-Lou , Zheng Yuan-Chun , Huo Qiu-Bo , Sun Yi , Cao Wu-Chun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBabesiosis is an emerging zoonosis in humans with significant and increasing health burden in China. A few systematic reports onBabesiaspp. was involved with ticks, especially in the human babesiosis endemic areas.MethodsThe ticks were collected from 30 individual waypoints along 2.0 km transects in two recreational forested areas in Northeastern China. Then we screened them forBabesiaspp. infection by amplifying the partial 18s rRNA gene with subsequent sequencing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to access the association between infections and some related risk factors. The cluster analyses were performed using SaTScan v6.0 Software for identifying the geographic cluster of the positive samples in ticks from each waypoint.ResultsA total ofIxodes persulcatus(n=2380) andHaemaphysalis concinna(n=461) ticks were collected. The 0.97% ofI. persulcatusticks were infected with fiveBabesiaspecies, includingB. bigemina(n=6),B. divergens(n=2),B. microti(n=3),B. venatorum(n=11) and one novel strain HLJ-8. Thirteen (2.92%)H.concinnaticks containedB. bigemina(n=1),B. divergens(n=1), three genetic variants ofBabesiarepresented by HLJ-874 which was closely related toBabesiasp.MA#361-1, and eight otherBabesiavariants represented by HLJ242 which were similar toB.crassa. Each study site had 5~6 differentBabesiaspp. One waypoint was more likely to yieldB.venatorum(relative risk=15.36,P=0.045) than all other waypoints.ConclusionsThere exists a high genetic diversity ofBabesiaspp. across a relatively small sampled region. Further study is needed to understand the risks these variants pose for human health.Author SummaryBabesiosis is the subject of increasing interest as an emerging zoonosis in humans with significant and increasing health burden of the disease at recently. In China, many probably human babesiosis cases who had a history of recent tick bite were found in Lyme endemic area in Northeastern China, where the prevalence of Babesia parasite in the ticks still was far underestimated. In the present study, we conducted a field survey for ticks to identify diversities and complexity of babesia, and then to assess the risk of human babesiosis, by means of a three years longitudinal study that mapped the location of the ticks tested positive for Babesia spp. at two forestry areas with a heavy burden of tick-borne pathogens. We firstly presented the prevalence of Babesia spp. especially the genetic diversities and coexistence of seven Babesia spp. including 2 novel species or variants at one small scale “natural foci” in northeastern China. This work is useful to understand the complexity of Babesia pathogen in China, and how the Babesia perpetuates over the long term in the environment, as well as potential risks for human health.
Programme implementation in schools: conceptualisations from Irish teachers
Authors: Murphy Christina , Barry Margaret M. , Nic Gabhainn Saoirse 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
School-based programmes face a variety of personal, environmental and organisational challenges to implementation. Stakeholders can provide crucial contextual information to improve implementation. The purpose of this paper is to explore teachers’ perspectives on implementation through a bottom-up participatory process.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative participatory approach was employed. This comprised groups of teachers theorising and creating schemas of school-based implementation.

Findings
Two schemas were developed. Support, time, training and resources emerged as common components. Students and other educational stakeholders did not feature in either schema.

Research limitations/implications
The schemas were developed by teachers in Ireland. The findings are relevant to that local context and generalisability beyond this may be limited. The developed schemas contain structural and content components that appear in published conceptual frameworks of programme implementation. Thus, there is some correspondence between the views of published theorists and the current sample of teachers, particularly with regard to leadership and teacher motivation. There are also disjunctures that deserve exploration, such as the lack of reference to students.

Practical implications
Participatory schema development could be of particular value to trainers working with educators. The generated schemas provide useful detail on current perspectives, which could be valuable as part of any training process or the pre-planning stages of implementation.

Originality/value
This study describes a straightforward approach to revealing the perspectives of stakeholders that could help school-based implementation processes.
Nanoparticle transportation of CuO-H2O nanofluid in a porous semi annulus due to Lorentz forces
Authors: Sheikholeslami M. , Öztop Hakan F. , Abu-Hamdeh Nidal , Li Zhixiong 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to research on CuO-water nanofluid Non-Darcy flow because of magnetic field. Porous cavity has circular heat source and filled with nanofluid. Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) has been used to simulate this problem.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, LBM has been applied as mesoscopic approach to simulate water-based nanofluid free convection. Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model is used to consider Brownian motion impact on nanofluid properties. Impacts of Rayleigh number, Darcy number, nanofluid volume fraction and Hartmann number on heat transfer treatment are illustrated.FindingsIt is found that temperature gradient decreases with rise of while it enhances with augment of Ha. Darcy number can enhance the convective flow.Originality/valueThe originality of this work is to analyze the to investigate magnetic field impact on water based CuO-H2O nanofluid natural convection inside a porous cavity with elliptic heat source.
Criteria for adoption of e-books in libraries in the context of the paradigm of cloud computing
Authors: Rodrigues Charles , Godoy Viera Angel Freddy 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose criteria and indicators for the adoption of e-books in libraries in the context of the cloud computing paradigm.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper carried out bibliographical and documentary research and the application of a questionnaire. Sampling focused on five library managers and five e-book vendor managers.

Findings
A proposal is presented containing a set of three criteria and their respective indicators. The technology platform criterion consists of seven indicators: patron data privacy, patron data security, availability of services, accessibility of information in e-books, interoperability of the technology platform, digital preservation and portability of e-books. The criterion for the acquisition of e-books involves three indicators: forms of commercialization, acquisition models and selection of e-book titles. The criterion for the circulation of e-books is divided into two indicators: unlimited and limited use. In the unlimited use mode, there are no limits on the use of e-books. In limited use, there are 11 levels of permissions: available copies, number of loans under each license, duration of the license, interlibrary loan, reading only in digital format, reading online via streaming only, download on the patron’s device, content printing, loan according to the patron’s identity, reservation services and renewal services.

Practical implications
This paper provides a set of criteria and indicators that can aid in the construction of policies and the development of collections, programs and projects directed toward the use of e-books in libraries.

Originality/value
This paper contributes socially by presenting a proposal that can support policies of evaluation and development of collections, projects, programs and actions around the adoption of e-books in different types of libraries.
Exploring the musculoskeletal problems and associated risk-factors among brick kiln workers
Authors: Sain Manoj Kumar , Meena M.L. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Prolonged working in repetitive and awkward postures can result in musculoskeletal disorders among workers involved in labour-intensive jobs like those of brick kiln workers. Unlike other labour-intensive sectors, workers in this particular sector have a lack of awareness about musculoskeletal problems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore musculoskeletal issues and associated risk-factors among brick kiln workers.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted among 217 male and 111 female workers aged between 17 and 53 years. They were employed in traditional brick kiln units situated in Rajasthan, India. Postures were analysed by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and Rapid Entire Body Assessment methods. Binary logistic regression was used to find the association between musculoskeletal problems and risk-factors.

Findings
For the mould evacuating task, wrist (76.2 per cent) and lower back (56 per cent) issues were the most frequently reported musculoskeletal problems, while in spading task, lower back (62.4 per cent) and shoulder (57.7 per cent) problems were prominent. Musculoskeletal symptoms in one or more body regions were associated with personal and work-related factors including the type of task and experience.

Research limitations/implications
Kiln workers are exposed to high musculoskeletal and postural risks, particularly in spading and mould filling tasks. To reduce these risks, ergonomic interventions are needed.

Originality/value
It is recognised that the musculoskeletal health of brick kiln workers is a cause for concern. The present study provides the evidence of the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms experienced by brick kiln workers and the association of symptoms with various risk-factors, which has not been addressed in previous studies.
Effects of consumer sensory perception on brand performance
Authors: Haase Janina , Wiedmann Klaus-Peter , Labenz Franziska 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Sensory perception is an important factor to understand and effectively appeal to consumers. As consumers process information consciously and subconsciously, both perception levels (explicit and implicit) are essential to investigate. This paper aims to analyze the effects of explicit and implicit sensory perception on brand experience and brand-related performance indicators and then investigate the correlations between the senses and experience dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a field experiment in a coffee house. For data collection, the authors used a questionnaire for explicit measures and a response latency measurement for implicit measures. For data analysis, structural equation modeling and a correlation analysis were conducted.

Findings
The results reveal positive relationships between explicit and implicit sensory perception, brand experience and brand performance in the context of gastronomy. Furthermore, implicit perception acts through explicit perception, and brand experience plays a major role as a mediator between sensory perception and consumer responses. Moreover, visual and haptic perception reveal the highest weights in the structural model and the strongest correlations with the experience dimensions.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to consumer research by providing empirical evidence for the importance of both the explicit and implicit sensory perception to effectively appeal to consumers. The results give valuable insights on the effectiveness of sensory marketing in generating memorable brand experiences and positive brand performance. Furthermore, the findings provide new knowledge on which senses (explicit and implicit) are related to different types of experiences.