bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palestinian managers' views and practices regarding the prevention of home injuries: An explorative qualitative study
Authors: Alrimawi Intima A. , Watson Michael Craig , Hall Carol , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Al‐Yateem Nabeel 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundUnintentional injuries are an important global public health problem. Potentially, some senior managers have a major role to play in the prevention of home injuries.AimsTo explore senior managers' perceptions and practices regarding the prevention of home injuries among children and the potential factors that might influence such practice in Ramallah District of Palestine.MethodQualitative interviews were undertaken using a purposive sampling strategy of 18 senior‐level managers. Thematic analysis was undertaken.ResultsThe study revealed that half of the interviewed managers' thought that injury prevention was a priority, and the majority of their institutions had worked on increasing parental awareness regarding injury prevention. Nevertheless, their practice in providing financial and psychological support to the parents was reported less. The participants stated that many factors had interchangeably influenced the practice in injury prevention, including factors related to staff, parents, and environment.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of managers' role in injury prevention and draws attention to the numerous obstacles that they face. Attempts to prevent injuries should use a combination of interventions at many levels including: parents, health staff, as well as the wilder governmental, physical.
Serum estradiol level on trigger day impacts clinical pregnancy rate in modified natural frozen embryo transfer cycles
Authors: Ramezanali Fariba , Arabipoor Arezoo , Hafezi Maryam , Salman‐Yazdi Reza , Zolfaghari Zahra , Asharfi Mahnaz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the predictive value of serum estradiol and progesterone on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and embryo transfer for clinical pregnancy rate in modified natural‐cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC‐FET).MethodsIn a longitudinal prospective study, all eligible women who underwent NC‐FET cycles with hCG triggering in Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran, from June 1, 2015, to December 31, 2016, were evaluated. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels were measured at menstrual cycle initiation, on day of trigger with hCG, on day of embryo transfer, and in pregnant women every 7 days until the observation of a gestational sac with embryonic heartbeat.ResultsIn total, 101 modified natural FET cycles were assessed, and the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates achieved were 34 (33.6%) and 32 (31.6%), respectively. The changes in estradiol level during early pregnancy showed an increase by an average of 200 pg/mL per week. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only the estradiol level on the hCG day was a significant predictive variable for clinical pregnancy following NC‐FET (P=0.04).ConclusionEstradiol level on the day of hCG trigger predicted the clinical pregnancy rates after modified NC‐FET; this likely mirrored the developmental competence of the corpus luteum and an appropriate luteal structure‐function.
Performance of FRAX and FRAX-Based Treatment Thresholds in Women Aged 40 Years and Older: The Manitoba BMD Registry
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Schousboe John T , Morin Suzanne N , Lix Lisa M , Leslie William 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We examined among women aged ≥40 years the performance of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and FRAX-based osteoporosis treatment thresholds under the US National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) and UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) guidelines. We used registry data for all women aged ≥40 years in Manitoba, Canada, with baseline bone mineral density (BMD) testing (n = 54,459). Incident major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), hip fracture, and clinical fracture were assessed from population-based health services data (mean follow-up 10.5 years). Age-stratified hazard ratios (HR) were estimated from Cox regression models. We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), number needed to screen (NNS), and number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent a fracture (assuming 20% relative risk reduction on treatment) for osteoporosis treatment thresholds under the NOF and NOGG guidelines. Femoral neck T-score and FRAX (with and without BMD) predicted all fracture outcomes at all ages. There was good calibration in FRAX-predicted versus observed 10-year MOF and hip fracture probability. Overall sensitivity (PPV) for incident MOF was 25.7% (24.0%) for femoral neck T-score ≤ –2.5; 20.3% (26.3%) for FRAX (with BMD)-predicted 10-year MOF risk ≥20% (NOF threshold); 27.3% (22.0%) for FRAX-predicted 10-year MOF risk ≥ age-dependent cut-off (NOGG threshold), 59.4% (19.0%) for the NOF treatment algorithm; and 28.5% (18.4%) for the NOGG treatment algorithm. Sensitivity for identifying incident MOF varied by age, ranging from 0.0% to 26.3% in women 40 to 49 years old and from 49.0% to 93.3% in women aged 80+ years. The gradient of risk for fracture prediction from femoral neck T-score and FRAX (with and without BMD) as continuous measures was strong across the age spectrum. The sensitivity and PPV of the strategies based on dichotomous cut-offs are low, especially among women aged 40 to 49 years (who have lowest incidence rates). Threshold-based approaches should be reassessed, particularly in younger women. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Parathyroid Hormone Remodels Bone Transitional Vessels and the Leptin Receptor-Positive Pericyte Network in Mice
Authors: Caire Robin , Roche Bernard , Picot Tiphanie , Aanei Carmen-Mariana , He Zhiguo , Campos Lydia , Thomas Mireille , Malaval Luc , Vico Laurence , Lafage-Proust Marie-Hélène 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) is anti-osteoporotic and affects bone vessels. Transitional capillaries close to the bone surface, which express both endomucin (Edm) and CD31, bear leptin receptor-expressing (LepR) perivascular cells that may differentiate into osteoblasts. Increased numbers of type H endothelial cells (THEC; ie, Edmhi/CD31hi cells assessed by flow cytometry, FACS) are associated with higher bone formation in young mice. We hypothesized that iPTH administration impacts transitional vessels by expanding THECs. Four-month-old C57/Bl6J female mice were injected with PTH 1–84 (100 μg/kg/d) or saline (CT) for 7 or 14 days. We quantified LepR+, CD31+, Edm+ cells and THECs by FACS in hindlimb bone marrow, and Edm/LepR double immunolabelings on tibia cryosections. Additionally, we analyzed bone mRNA expression of 87 angiogenesis-related genes in mice treated with either intermittent or continuous PTH (iPTH/cPTH) or saline (CT) for 7, 14, and 28 days. iPTH dramatically decreased the percentage of THECs by 78% and 90% at days 7 and 14, respectively, and of LepR+ cells at day 14 (–46%) versus CT. Immunolabeling quantification showed that the intracortical Edm+-vessel density increased at day 14 under iPTH. In the bone marrow, perivascular LepR+ cells, connected to each other via a dendrite network, were sparser under iPTH at day 14 (–58%) versus CT. iPTH decreased LepR+ cell coverage of transitional vessels only (–51%), whereas the number of LepR+ cells not attached to vessels increased in the endocortical area only (+ 49%). Transcriptomic analyses showed that iPTH consistently upregulated PEDF, Collagen-18α1, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression compared with CT and cPTH. Finally, iPTH increased immunolabeling of endostatin, a Collagen-18 domain that can be cleaved and become antiangiogenic, in both endocortical (79%) and peritrabecular transitional microvessels at day 14. Our results show that iPTH specifically remodels transitional vessels and suggest that it promotes LepR+ cell mobilization from these vessels close to the bone surface. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of long noncoding RNA RP11‐37B2.1 associate with susceptibility of tuberculosis and adverse events of antituberculosis drugs in west China
Authors: Song Jiajia , Liu Tangyuheng , Zhao Zhenzhen , Hu Xuejiao , Wu Qian , Peng Wu , Chen Xuerong , Ying Binwu 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundLittle knowledge about the biological functions of RP11‐37B2.1, a newly defined long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) molecule, is currently available. Previous studies have shown rs160441, located in the RP11‐37B2.1 gene, is significantly associated with tuberculosis (TB) in a Ghanaian and the Gambian populations.MethodsWe investigated the influence of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within lncRNA RP11‐37B2.1 on the risk of TB and the possible correlation with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from TB treatment in a Western Chinese population. Four SNPs within lncRNA RP11‐37B2.1 were genotyped in 554 TB cases and 561 healthy subjects using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction method, and the patients were followed up monthly to monitor the development of ADRs.ResultsNo significant association between the SNPs of lncRNA RP11‐37B2.1 and TB susceptibility was observed (all P > 0.05). Surprisingly, significant association was observed between two SNPs (rs218916 and rs160441) and thrombocytopenia development during anti‐TB therapy under the dominant model (P = 0.003 and 0.014, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings firstly exhibit that rs218916 and rs160441 within lncRNA RP11‐37B2.1 significantly associate with the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and suggest RP11‐37B2.1 genetic variants are potential biosignatures for thrombocytopenia during anti‐TB treatment.
A Phase 1, Open‐Label, Parallel‐Group, Single‐Dose Trial of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Subjects With Mild to Severe Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Taylor Lesley , Crockett Julie , Tayo Bola , Morrison Gilmour 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral dose of 200‐mg plant‐derived pharmaceutical formulation of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) in oral solution (Epidiolex in the United States; 100 mg/mL) were assessed in subjects with mild to severe hepatic impairment (n =  8 each for mild and moderate, n = 6 for severe) relative to matched subjects with normal hepatic function (n = 8). Blood samples were collected until 48 hours after dosing and evaluated by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters (primarily maximum measured plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to time t, area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinity, time to maximum plasma concentration, and terminal half‐life) of CBD and its major metabolites were derived using non‐compartmental analysis. CBD was rapidly absorbed in all groups independent of hepatic function (median time to maximum plasma concentration, 2‐2.8 hours). Exposure (area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity) to total CBD slightly increased in subjects with mild hepatic impairment (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 1.48; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.90‐2.41). However, there were clinically relevant increases in subjects with moderate (GMR, 2.45; 90%CI, 1.50‐4.01) and severe (GMR, 5.15; 90%CI, 2.94‐9.00) hepatic impairment, relative to subjects with normal hepatic function. Exposure to the CBD metabolites (6‐hydroxy‐CBD and 7‐hydroxy‐CBD) also increased in subjects with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, but to a lesser extent than the parent drug. The 7‐carboxy‐CBD metabolite exposure was lower in subjects with severe hepatic impairment when compared with subjects with normal liver function. These findings indicate that dose modification is necessary in patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment, and a lower starting dose and slower titration are necessary based on benefit‐risk. CBD was well tolerated, and there were no serious adverse events reported during the trial.
Blunted fat oxidation upon submaximal exercise is partially compensated by enhanced glucose metabolism in children, adolescents, and young adults with Barth syndrome
Authors: Cade William Todd , Bohnert Kathryn L. , Peterson Linda R. , Patterson Bruce W. , Bittel Adam J. , Okunade Adewole L. , de las Fuentes Lisa , Steger‐May Karen , Bashir Adil , Schweitzer George G. , Chacko Shaji K. , Wanders Ronald J. , Pacak Christina A. , Byrne Barry J. , Reeds Dominic N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBarth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X‐linked condition resulting in abnormal mitochondria, cardioskeletal myopathy, and growth delay; however, the effects of BTHS on substrate metabolism regulation and their relationships with tissue function in humans are unknown. We sought to characterize glucose and fat metabolism during rest, submaximal exercise, and postexercise rest in children, adolescents, and young adults with BTHS and unaffected controls and examine their relationships with cardioskeletal energetics and function. Children/adolescents and young adults with BTHS (n = 29) and children/adolescent and young adult control participants (n = 28, total n = 57) underwent an infusion of 6′6′H2 glucose and U‐13C palmitate and indirect calorimetry during rest, 30‐minutes of moderate exercise (50% ), and recovery. Cardiac function, cardioskeletal mitochondrial energetics, and exercise capacity were examined via echocardiography, 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and peak exercise testing, respectively. The glucose turnover rate was significantly higher in individuals with BTHS during rest (33.2 ± 9.8 vs 27.2 ± 8.1 μmol/kgFFM/min, P < .01) and exercise (34.7 ± 11.2 vs 29.5 ± 8.8 μmol/kgFFM/min, P < .05) and tended to be higher postexercise (33.7 ± 10.2 vs 28.8 ± 8.0 μmol/kgFFM/min, P < .06) compared to controls. Increases in total fat (−3.9 ± 7.5 vs 10.5 ± 8.4 μmol/kgFFM/min, P < .0001) and plasma fatty acid oxidation rates (0.0 ± 1.8 vs 5.1 ± 3.9 μmol/kgFFM/min, P < .0001) from rest to exercise were severely blunted in BTHS compared to controls. Conclusion: An inability to upregulate fat metabolism during moderate intensity exercise appears to be partially compensated by elevations in glucose metabolism. Derangements in fat and glucose metabolism are characteristic of the pathophysiology of BTHS.A severely blunted ability to upregulate fat metabolism during a modest level of physical activity is a defining pathophysiologic characteristic in children, adolescents, and young adults with BTHS.
Large variations in clinical antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms of periprosthetic joint infection isolates
Authors: Mandell Jonathan B. , Orr Sara , Koch John , Nourie Blake , Ma Dongzhu , Bonar Daniel D. , Shah Neel , Urish Kenneth L. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureus biofilms have a high tolerance to antibiotics, making the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) challenging. From a clinical perspective, bacteria from surgical specimens are cultured in a planktonic state to determine antibiotic sensitivity. However, S. aureus exists primarily as established biofilms in PJI. To address this dichotomy, we developed a prospective registry of total knee and hip arthroplasty PJI S. aureus isolates to quantify the activity of clinically important antibiotics against isolates grown as biofilms. S. aureus planktonic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using clinical laboratory standard index assays for 10 antibiotics (cefazolin, clindamycin, vancomycin, rifampin, linezolid, nafcillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and daptomycin). Mature biofilms of each strain were grown in vitro, after which biofilm MIC (MBIC) and biofilm MBC (MBBC) were determined. Overall, isolates grown as biofilms displayed larger variations in antibiotic MICs as compared to planktonic MIC values. Only rifampin, doxycycline, and daptomycin had measurable biofilm MIC values across all S. aureus isolates tested. Biofilm MBC observations complemented biofilm MIC observations; rifampin, doxycycline, and daptomycin were the only antibiotics with measurable biofilm MBC values. 90% of S. aureus biofilms could be killed by rifampin, 50% by doxycycline, and only 15% by daptomycin. Biofilm formation increased bacterial antibiotic tolerance nonspecifically across all antibiotics, in both MSSA and MRSA samples. Rifampin and doxycycline were the most effective antibiotics at killing established S. aureus biofilms. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1604–1609, 2019.
The clinical efficacy of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen in conjunction with localized piezosurgical decortication enhanced orthodontics: A prospective observational study
Authors: Miyamoto Takanari , Lang Melissa , Khan Shakeel , Kumagai Kota , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence exists on the clinical efficacy and safety of periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) with “Piezocision”—a minimally invasive, flapless alternative to corticotomy for alveolar bone augmentation. Allograft has been extensively studied for alveolar bone augmentation in Piezocision; however, the use of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) in Piezocision for PAOO has not been investigated.MethodsThis study is a prospective, observational, cohort study of 19 patients of Angle Class I malocclusion with a total of 692 teeth assessed for maintenance of health of the periodontal attachment apparatus. Patient‐centered pain, sensitivity, and satisfaction outcomes, digital photographs and radiographs, and changes in probing depth, clinical attachment level, width of keratinized tissue, percussion sensitivity, pulp vitality tests, radiographic pathology, and root‐crown‐ratio were all recorded.ResultsOverall treatment was significantly faster (5 to 7 days between clear aligner tray changes), periodontal parameters remained stable, and alveolar bone loss was not observed. Visual analog score for healing, sensitivity/duration, bleeding/duration, swelling/duration, appearance, and inflammation, demonstrated no significant differences between DBBM‐C and control (no bone graft) groups. Patient‐centered outcomes revealed high levels of satisfaction with Piezocision. Piezocision‐treated teeth with DBBM‐C tended to exhibit less root resorption, although it was not statistically significant (P = 0.074).ConclusionsWithin the limits of the study, our results show that the use of DBBM‐C with piezosurgically enhanced orthodontics is effective and safe. This study was not designed to demonstrate equivalence with other materials that might be used in Piezocision. To understand whether there is an advantage to using DBBM‐C, additional studies may be required.
Effects of soil water on maize root morphological and physiological responses to phosphorus supply
Authors: Zhan Ai , Chen Xinping , Li Shiqing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWater shortage directly constrains plant growth and survival, and indirectly influences plant responses to soil mineral nutrients, especially low‐mobility nutrients such as phosphorus (P). We examined the effects of soil water content on the responses of agronomic and root morphological and physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L. cv. NE15) to P supply. Seven P supply levels (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 300 mg P kg−1 soil) and two water regimes (well watered, WW; water stress, WS) were employed. Shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root length were enhanced with the increase of P supply rates, while the root : shoot ratio, specific root length, and transcription levels of four inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter genes (Pht1;1–4) declined with the increase of P supply rates. Under WS conditions, root dry weight and root length decreased by 4–38% and 6–32%, respectively, compared to the WW treatment, whereas the root : shoot ratio and specific root length increased by 7–33% and 8–28%, respectively. Pi transporter gene transcription was up‐regulated and that of the arbuscular‐mycorrhizal‐induced transporter (Pht1;6) gene was both up‐ and down‐regulated in response to the WS treatment. Comprehensive analysis revealed that interaction between maize root morphological and physiological traits was stimulated as a strategy for efficient P acquisition under WS conditions. This study is the first to use both morphological and physiological traits to describe the impacts of soil water conditions on maize responses to P fertilization. Our results provide valuable information for optimization of P management under different soil water conditions.
Effect of the viscoelastic properties of modified starch as a wall material on the surface morphology of microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Xie Yanli , Zou Junjun 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSince microcapsule technology has a good protective effect on unstable bioactive substances, many studies have focused on exploring the best technical conditions for forming microcapsules. Modified starch is a microcapsule wall material with good emulsifying and film‐forming properties. The objective of this work was to study the creep‐recovery behavior of modified starch pastes for various creep time, shear stress and temperature. Furthermore, the effect of creep‐recovery behavior on the morphology of microcapsules made of the modified starch was investigated.RESULTSThe maximum creep compliance (Jmax), instantaneous compliance (J0) and retardation compliance (J1) of modified starch increased proportionally with increasing creep time and shear stress but decreased with increasing temperature. The Newtonian viscosity (η0) increased with increasing creep time and temperature but decreased with increasing shear stress. The recovery rate of the modified starch pastes varied from 0.92 to 33.68% in the creep‐recovery test conditions. Creep‐recovery data could be well explained by a four‐parameter Burgers model (R2 > 0.918).CONCLUSIONSModified starch pastes exhibited time‐, stress‐ and temperature‐dependent creep‐recovery behavior. The Jmax values of modified starch pastes were low(<0.20 Pa−1) and the η0 values high (>3.5 × 103 Pa s) for all test conditions. The results revealed the modified starch pastes had a good rigid network structure to resist deformation but recovery was difficult once deformation occurred. Microcapsules produced using the modified starch exhibited a small deformation with regular spheres and some dents, consistent with the results of creep‐recovery tests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of free and conjugated seleno‐amino acids in wheat bran by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Montone Carmela Maria , Antonelli Michela , Capriotti Anna Laura , Cavaliere Chiara , La Barbera Giorgia , Piovesana Susy , Laganà Aldo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn analytical method for determining seleno‐methionine, methyl‐seleno‐cysteine, and seleno‐cystine in wheat bran was developed and validated. Four different extraction procedures were evaluated to simultaneously extract endogenous free and conjugated seleno‐amino acids in wheat bran in order to select the best extraction protocol in terms of seleno amino acid quantitation. The extracted samples were subjected to a clean‐up by a reversed phase/strong cation exchange solid‐phase extraction and analyzed by chiral hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The optimized extraction protocol was employed to validate the methodology. Process efficiency ranged from 58 to 112% and trueness from 73 to 98%. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were lower than 1 ng/g. Four wheat bran samples were analyzed for both total Se and single seleno‐amino acids determination. The results showed that Se‐ seleno‐methyl‐lselenocysteine was the major seleno‐amino acid in wheat bran while seleno‐methionine and seleno‐cysteine were both minor species.