bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Trait Analysis Reveals Correlations Between Gene Expression and Quantitative Traits in Disjoint Samples
Authors: Skelly Daniel A , Raghupathy Narayanan , Robledo Raymond F , Graber Joel H , Chesler Elissa J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSystems genetics exploits natural genetic variation to associate molecular variation with complex traits. It is often impossible to measure complex traits and molecular intermediates on the same individuals and independent cohorts are used...Systems genetic analysis of complex traits involves the integrated analysis of genetic, genomic, and disease-related measures. However, these data are often collected separately across multiple study populations, rendering direct correlation of molecular features to complex traits impossible. Recent transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have harnessed gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to associate unmeasured gene expression with a complex trait in genotyped individuals, but this approach relies primarily on strong eQTL. We propose a simple and powerful alternative strategy for correlating independently obtained sets of complex traits and molecular features. In contrast to TWAS, our approach gains precision by correlating complex traits through a common set of continuous phenotypes instead of genetic predictors, and can identify transcript–trait correlations for which the regulation is not genetic. In our approach, a set of multiple quantitative “reference” traits is measured across all individuals, while measures of the complex trait of interest and transcriptional profiles are obtained in disjoint subsamples. A conventional multivariate statistical method, canonical correlation analysis, is used to relate the reference traits and traits of interest to identify gene expression correlates. We evaluate power and sample size requirements of this methodology, as well as performance relative to other methods, via extensive simulation and analysis of a behavioral genetics experiment in 258 Diversity Outbred mice involving two independent sets of anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal gene expression. After splitting the data set and hiding one set of anxiety-related traits in half the samples, we identified transcripts correlated with the hidden traits using the other set of anxiety-related traits and exploiting the highest canonical correlation (R = 0.69) between the trait data sets. We demonstrate that this approach outperforms TWAS in identifying associated transcripts. Together, these results demonstrate the validity, reliability, and power of reference trait analysis for identifying relations between complex traits and their molecular substrates.
Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Use After the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Lee Michael , Monuteaux Michael C. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
After the Affordable Care Act (ACA) took full effect in 2014, 900 000 children obtained health insurance. Researchers have found variable effects of insurance on adult emergency department (ED) use, but the effect in pediatric patients is unknown. We examined ED visit rates before and after 2014 among children.

METHODS:
We used estimates of ED visit counts from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and population estimates from the American Community Survey in a cross-sectional, retrospective study of ED visit rates among children. We compared the trend in ED visit rates before (2009–2013) and after (2014–2016) the ACA took full effect, controlling for age, sex, and census region.

RESULTS:
The mean ED use rate was 35.2 visits per 100 children from 2009 to 2013 and 36.6 from 2014 to 2016. ED visit rates increased by 1.1% per year pre-2014 and 9.8% from 2014 to 2016 (incidence rate ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.15, P = .005). Results did not vary significantly when insurance was included as a control variable.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no immediate change in pediatric ED visit rates the year after the ACA took full effect in 2014, but the rate of change from 2014 to 2016 was significantly higher than previous rate trends. In our model, increased pediatric insurance coverage neither drove nor counteracted the observed trends.
Caracterización socioeconómica de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) del Alto Magdalena
Authors: Díaz María Patricia 
Published: May 2019

El propósito de esta investigación, se origina en la necesidad de obtener mayor información acerca del tipo de estructura económica de las MIPYMES de los municipios del Alto Magdalena, departamento de Cundinamarca.Se identificaron las características socioeconómicas de las Mipymes de la provincia del Alto Magdalena, tales como las formas de conducta y actitudes de los propietarios y colaboradores, el manejo de sus ingresos, capital, sector económico al que pertenecen entre otros aspectos. El enfoque de la investigación es mixto, buscando comprender algunas características propias de quienes manejan las Mipymes, partiendo de la base de datos suministrada por la cámara de comercio de Girardot, tomando empresas con un tamaño comprendido entre 1 y 200 trabajadores, se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de información una encuesta para ser aplicada en los municipios de la provincia del Alto Magdalena: Girardot, Agua de Dios, Guataquí, Jerusalén, Nilo, Nariño, Ricaurte y Tocaima.
Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Patients with Cancer Receiving Opioid Therapy
Authors: Paice Judith A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The primary objective of this article is to assist oncologists and advanced practice prescribers to safely and effectively minimize risk when providing opioids for cancer pain relief. The majority of people with cancer are unlikely to misuse or divert opioid medications, yet the prescriber is often unaware of those who are at risk for these behaviors. To provide skillful pain management to each patient in the oncology setting, while limiting harm to the community, all prescribers must consider the potential for risk of misuse, addiction, or diversion. To minimize this risk to the greatest degree possible, it is imperative to include a thorough risk assessment when conducting a comprehensive pain evaluation. This information is then used to triage pain relief interventions based upon the degree of risk, including whether or not to incorporate opioids into the plan of care. Risk mitigation strategies, incorporating universal precautions, are implemented to assess, monitor, and reduce the potential for opioid misuse. Universal precautions include strategies such as the use of urine toxicology, state prescription drug monitoring programs, and agreements. Ongoing monitoring is conducted with the goal being to identify aberrant behaviors early so that they can be addressed and managed appropriately. Referral to addiction specialists may be warranted when substance use disorder precludes safe use of opioids.

Implications for Practice
Throughout the trajectory of cancer care, opioid use is often indicated, and, in fact, it may be unethical to limit or prohibit the use of opioids when pain is severe. Oncologists face the significant challenge of providing cancer pain control that is safe and effective, while limiting individual risk for abuse or overdose and keeping the community free of diverted substances. Most oncology providers report inadequate training in chronic pain principles and in managing addiction. Risk assessment and mitigation measures can be incorporated within oncology care to enhance effective pain management while reducing the potential for harm.
Abdominal Aort Anevrizmalarında Açık Cerrahi ve Endovasküler Anevrizma Tamiri Sonrası Ağrı Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ALKAN KAYHAN Semiha , TOPAL ÇOLAK Esengül , HANEDAN Muhammed Onur , MATARACI İlker 
Published: May 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, açık vasküler cerrahi girişim gerçekleştirilen hastalar ile abdominal aortaya endovasküler girişim gerçekleştirilmiş hastaların postoperatif dönemde ağrılarını ve analjezik ihtiyaçlarını karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Ocak 2014- Aralık 2015 yıllarında merkezimizde abdominal aortaya açık cerrahi ve EVAR uygulanan hastalarda retrospektif olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 68 hasta dahil edilmiştir ancak 7 hasta öldüğü için çalışma dışı kalmıştır. 22 hastaya açık cerrahi uygulanırken 39 hastaya EVAR uygulanmıştır. Ağrı değerlendirilmesinde kliniğimizin protokolü olarak yedi yaş üzeri çocuklarda, erişkin ve bilinci açık hastada sayısal/sözlü/vizüel ağrı ölçeği kullanılmaktadır.
Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına alınan hastaların %63.9’una EVAR uygulanırken %36.1’ine açık cerrahi uygulandı. EVAR grubunun yaş ortalaması 67.35±11.05, açık cerrahi grubunun 64.22±13.53 idi. EVAR grubun ağrı skoru 1.35±0.82 iken, açık cerrahi grubunun 4.81±1.32 idi. EVAR uygulanan hastaların ağrı puanları açık cerrahi uygulananlara kıyasla daha düşüktü (p=0.000). EVAR grubunun %59’u, açık cerrahi grubunun ise %90.9’u ağrı kesici kullanmıştır (p=0.009).
Sonuç: Ağrı durumları değerlendirildiğinde açık cerrahi işlem uygulanan hastaların EVAR uygulanan hastalara kıyasla ağrılarının daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Günümüzde endovasküler girişimler artan sıklıkta uygulanmaktadır. Endovasküler girişimlerin hasta konforu ve özellikle cerrahi işlem sonrası hastaların sıklıkla yakındıkları ağrı üzerinde postoperatif dönemde olumlu etkileri vardır.
Evaluation Of Electrocardiogram Knowledge Level Of Healthcare Staff Working In Ambulance,
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Erdal , TEKİN Yusuf Kenan , KORKMAZ İlhan , KUKUL GÜVEN Fatma Mutlu , YURTBAY Sefa , DEMİRTAŞ Esin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:Acute coronary syndromes compose a major proportion of sudden deaths, globally. Patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction due to sudden chest pain should be immediately referred to percutaneous coronary angiography (PTCA) as soon as possible. In order to decrease the mortality rate due to acute coronary syndromes and deadly cardiac arrhythmias, the electrocardiography (ECG) knowledge of the ambulance staff who transfer the patients to the hospitals is important. As such, we aimed to evaluate the level of electrocardiography knowledge by conducting a survey on the ambulance staff in the province of Sivas.A total of one hundred seventy-eight healthcare professionals working in ambulances in the centre and districts of Sivas were included in the study, including nurses, paramedics and emergency medical technicians. The participants were asked to answer survey questions about their working experience, education, age, and completion of a special ECG course and they were expected to interpret 12 different ECGs.The ratios of correct ECG diagnosis were as follows; anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 84.3% (n=150); inferior STEMI, 89.9% (n=160); lateral STEMI, 77.5% (n=138); normal ECG, 64% (n=114); ventricular fibrillation (VF) , 28.1% (n=50); supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), 57.3% (n=102); VT, 17.4% (n=31); and artificial ECG, 13.5% (n=24). According to the results, paramedics had higher correct diagnosis ratios in right bundle branch block and AV complete block compared to EMTs and nurses (&lt;0,001), and EMTs were better in correctly diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0,011).In our study, it was shown that profession, working experience and status of ECG education in the recent year did not make a significant difference on ECG assessment results, suggesting to revise the in-service training.
MESANE YAN DUVAR TÜMÖRLERİNİN TRANSÜRETRAL REZEKSİYONU SIRASINDA OBTURATOR SİNİR BLOĞUNUN; TÜMÖR ÖRNEKLERİNDE DETRUSOR KASI VARLIĞI VE HASTALIĞIN NÜKSETMESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: DADALI Mümtaz , ERŞEKERCİ Erol 
Published: May 2019

Amaç:
Mesane yan duvar tümörlerinin transüretral rezeksiyonu (TUR-M) sırasında spinal anestezi uygulanan hastalarda, obturator sinir bloğu
(ONB) ile kombine edilenler ve edilmeyenler arasında; alınan patolojik
spesmende detrusor kas dokusunun varlığı ve takip süreleri içerisinde tümör
rekürrens zamanı, obturator refleks ve mesane perforasyonu açısından anlamlı
fark olup olmadığının araştırılması.

Gereç ve yöntemler:
Ocak 2013-Eylül 2018 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde spinal anestezi altında
mesane yan duvarı tümörü nedeniyle TUR-M uygulanan 66 hasta retrospektif olarak
incelendi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı. 36 hastaya sadece spinal anestezi, 30
hastaya ONB ile kombine spinal anestezi uygulandı. ONB grubundaki hastalara
inguinal ONB işlemi, spinal anestezi sonrasında periferik sinir stimülatörü ile
adduktor kas kontraksiyonunun devam ettiği bölge tespit edildikten sonra 15 ml
%0.25 bupivakain ile blok yapıldı.

Bulgular:
ONB yapılmayan grupta obturator refleksi çok anlamlı olarak fazla gözlendi
(p&lt;0.01). ONB grubunda detrusor kas dokusunun varlığı anlamlı derecede
yüksekti (p&lt;0.05). Postoperatif nüks oranı ve nüks süresi açısından, her iki
grup arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p&gt;0.05). Mesane perforasyonu açısından
gruplar arasında fark izlenmedi (p&gt;0.05).

Sonuç:
Spinal anestezi ile ONB’nin kombine edilmesi mesane yan duvarı tümörlerinin
tedavisinde TUR-M’nin komplet rezeksiyon başarısını artırmaktadır. ONB, uygulanma imkanı olan kliniklerde
komplet rezeksiyon başarısını arttırmak amacıyla spinal anesteziye ek olarak
önerilebilir.
Percepciones de directivos y docentes de instituciones educativas distritales sobre la implementación del Programa Bogotá Bilingüe
Authors: Bermúdez Jiménez Jenny , Fandiño Parra Yamith , Ramírez Valencia Astrid 
Published: May 2019

Since 2004 the Colombian State has presented a series of projects aimed at improving English learning processes and the training of teachers and students at all levels of the education system. In doing so, the Colombian State seeks to comply with current international standards for teaching English. It is against this background that programs such as the “National Bilingual Program” (2004-2010), the “Program for the Strengthening of the Development of Competences in Foreign Languages” 2010-2014” and the “National English Program” (2015-2025) have managed to establish themselves as key projects whose goal is to further both the quality of education and the teaching and learning of foreign languages. With regards to English as a foreign language, the Education Secretariat for Bogotá launched the program known as “Bilingual Bogotá” through the implementation of pilot projects in eight schools in 2006. The Program is based on the guidelines set by the Colombian Education Ministry in its “National Bilingual Program”. This article is part of a study in bilingualism funded by the University of La Salle. The study took educational research as its frame of reference and adopted an explanatory and descriptive research standpoint. As a result of the concepts and opinions of principals, coordinators and teachers from five public schools, the article offers a description and analysis of three different aspects regarding the implementation of the projects: backgrounds, resources and external support, and expectations. Finally, some recommendations are provided in order to help achieve educational goals and curriculum objectives in terms of bilingual education in the city.
Drug Targeting Strategies Based on Charge Dependent Uptake of Nanoparticles into Cancer Cells
Authors: Saadat Maryam , Zahednezhad Fahimeh , Zakeri-Milani Parvin , Reza Heidari Hamid , Shahbazi-Mojarrad Javid , Valizadeh Hadi 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this review was to describe the preferred charged nano-particles (CNPs) for targeted delivery in tumor cells. Zeta Potential (ZP), which represents the surface charge of NPs was highlighted in cell entrance and interactions. In this regard, various types of endocytosis pathways which are involved in NPs’ uptake were first introduced. Then, significance of positively charged NPs (PCNPs) in proton sponge effect corresponding to lysosomal escape was discussed. Cells prefer to endocyte the NPs with positive charge in passive targeting and gene delivery, while in active targeting; the charge of receptors’ ligand binding site determines the NPs cellular uptake. Moreover, pH-sensitive NPs represent charge reversible behavior depending on pH changes which leads to longer blood circulation residence and higher uptake at acidic microenvironment of the cancer media. Role of the CNPs in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) and bypassing p-glycoprotein was further investigated.
Farklı Biçim Zamanlarının Yeşil ve Mor Fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.) Tiplerinde bazı Verim ve Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: SÖNMEZ Çiğdem , ŞİMŞEK SOYSAL Ayşe Özge , YILDIRIM Aliye , BERBEROĞLU Fatma , BAYRAM Emine 
Published: May 2019

ÖZ: Bu çalışmada, farklı biçim zamanlarının yeşil ve mor
fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum L.)
tiplerinde bazı verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek
amaçlanmıştır. Denemeler Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri
Bölümü’nün Bornova/İzmir’de bulunan deneme tarlasında 2013 ve 2014 yılları
yetiştirme dönemlerinde iki yıl süreyle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, her iki
fesleğen tipinde de ilk hasat, bitkilerin tarlaya şaşırtılmasından 40 gün sonra
yapılmıştır ve daha sonra 15 günlük aralarla toplam altı hasat
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada bitki boyu (cm), yeşil herba verimi (kg da-1), drog herba verimi (kg da-1), drog yaprak
verimi (kg da-1), uçucu yağ
oranı (%)&nbsp; ve uçucu yağ verimi (l da-1) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tüm özellikler bakımından
elde edilen değerler için iki yıl üzerinden birleştirilmiş varyans analizleri
yapılmıştır. Varyans analizi sonuçları tüm özellikler bakımından hem populasyon
hem de biçim zamanı ortalamaları arasında önemli farklılıkların bulunduğunu
göstermiştir. Tüm özelliklere ilişkin populasyon x biçim zamanı
interaksiyonları önemli bulunurken populasyon x biçim zamanı x yıl
interaksiyonları ise önemsiz olmuştur.&nbsp;
Biçim zamanları bakımından ortalama drog yaprak verimleri ilk yıl (2013)
201,25-295,90 kg da-1, ikinci yıl (2014) 221,62-343,91kg da-1değerleri arasında ve
ortalama uçucu yağ verimleri de ilk yıl (2013) 1,35-2,35 L da-1
ikinci yıl da (2014) 1,43-2,94 L da-1 arasında değişmiştir. En
yüksek ortalama değerler yeşil renkli fesleğende ve çoğunlukla 2. biçim
zamanında (dikimden itibaren 55 gün sonra), 3. biçim zamanında (dikimden
itibaren 70 gün sonra) ve 4. biçim zamanında (dikimden itibaren 85 gün sonra)
elde edilirken; en düşük ortamalar ise uçucu yağ oranı dışındaki özellikler
yönünden mor fesleğen populasyonunda çoğunlukla 5. biçim zamanında (dikimden
itibaren 100 gün sonra) ve 1. biçim zamanında (dikimden itibaren 40 gün
sonra)gerçekleşmiştir. Drog herba verimi, drog yaprak verimi ve uçucu yağ
verimi bakımından eş zamanlı olarak 2. biçim zamanında (dikimden itibaren 55
gün sonra) ve 4. biçim zamanında (dikimden itibaren 85 gün sonra) yeşil
fesleğen populasyonunda yüksek ortalamalar elde edilmiştir. Sonuçta, kıyı Ege
Bölgesi koşullarında yapılacak fesleğen üretimlerinde yüksek yaprak ve yağ
verimleri eldesi için yeşil fesleğenin kullanılması ve hasadın da 2. veya 4.
biçim zamanlarında yapılması önerilmiştir.
Turunçgillerde Büyüme Düzenleyici Madde Uygulamalarının Meyve Dökümü ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: SEZER Gülendam , MISIRLI Adalet , ŞEN Fatih , ACARSOY BİLGİN Nihal 
Published: May 2019

ÖZ: Turunçgiller
yüksek C vitamini içeriği nedeniyle sağlık açısından önem taşıyan, farklı
kullanım alanlarına sahip olup severek tüketilen önemli bir meyve grubunu
oluşturmaktadır. Dünya’da üretim miktarı çok yüksek olan bu türlerde hasat
döneminde görülen meyve dökümleri ciddi ölçüde ürün kayıplarına yol açmaktadır.
Ürünün geç dönemde pazara sunulması ve gelirin bu doğrultuda artışını sağlamak
amacıyla meyvelerin ağaç üzerinde muhafaza edilmesi yaygın ve pratik uygulama
olarak görülmektedir. Ancak bu aşamada, meyve dökümleri ve kalite kayıpları ile
ilgili sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bazı bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddelerin
belirli dönemlerde ve dozlarda ağaçlara uygulanması ile meyve dökümleri önemli
derecede azaltılabilmektedir. Böylece kalite özellikleri korunarak daha geç
dönemlerde hasat mümkün olabilmektedir.
The use of phenolic-rich agricultural wastes for Hericium erinaceus and Lentinula edodes cultivation and its effect on yield performance
Authors: ATİLA Funda 
Published: May 2019

Objective: This research investigated that the use of four selected agro-waste materials rich in phenolic content on cultivation of Hericium erinaceus and Lentinula edodes mushrooms. Material and Methods: For this purpose, these wastes were comparatively evaluated regarding their suitability for mycelial growth, yield and biological efficiency (BE), of these mushroom species. The oak sawdust (OS) basal medium was mixed with 20% grape pomace (GP), green walnut hull (GWH), olive press cake (OPC), and tea waste (TW) for the production of these species in factorial experiments based on a completely randomised design with ten replications. Results: For both H. erinaceus and L. edodes, the shortest spawn running time (22.4 and 45.4 days, respectively) and the highest yield (225.0 g kg-1 and 282.9 g kg-1, respectively) were found using GP. The BE of H. erinaceus and L. edodes were varied between 15.2-64.3% and 36.0-70.7% , respectively.

Conclusion: GP, TW and OPC were seen as promising alternative substrates for the cultivation of these species. Moreover, for the effective utilisation and profitable disposal of green walnut hulls, further research is needed. to test their performance for the cultivation of other mushroom species.
Tri-C
Authors: Oudelaar A. Marieke , Hughes Jim R. , Downes Damien J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Tri-C is a Chromosome Conformation Capture \(3C) approach, which can very efficiently identify multi-way chromatin interactions at individual alleles with selected viewpoints of interest at high resolution. Tri-C allows for multiplexing both viewpoints and samples. As identification of multi-way interactions relies on Illumina sequencing, data can be generated at great depth and PCR duplicates \(based on identical sonication ends) can accurately be removed, allowing for high-throughput, quantitative analysis of multi-way chromatin interactions.
In vitro assessment of the antibacterial effect of watery date extracts (Mozafati, Zahedi and Piaroum) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Seifzadeh Mina , Rabbani Mohammed , Shafiei Rasoul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present research aimed at investigating the antibacterial effects of date extracts (Mozafati, Zahedi and Piaroum) on the stationary and exponential growth phases of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157: H7 in vitro. The methods used in this study included flow cytometry and culture. Carboxyl fluorescein diacetate was utilized to determine the effects of extracts and estimate bacterial survivability. Under the impacts of Mozafati, Zahedi and Piaroum extracts, the bacterial elimination percentages recorded in the log phase of S. aureus were 30.90, 86.35 and 97.18% respectively. However, the effect of exposure of E. coli to date extracts in log phase resulted in the destruction of 8.76, 24.69 and 38.97% of these bacteria respectively. The effect of the extracts on the log phase of S. aureus showed a significant increase compared to that of E.coli (p<0.05). The extracts had the maximum impacts on the stationary phase of both S. aureus and E. coli within 3h exposure time. Mozafati and Piaroum extracts yielded the highest bacterial elimination effect within 3h while Zahedi extract had the maximum effect at zero time on stationary phase of E.coli. The effect of these extracts on the stationary and logarithmic phases of growth of S. aureus and E. coli is bacteriostatic. The result of flow cytometry showed an increase as compared with that of culture. The antibacterial effect of Zahedi extract on S. aureus and E. coli proved to be meaningfully higher than those of other extracts. In order to destroy the examined bacteria in both stationary and logarithmic phase, the use of Zahedi, Piaroum and Mozafati extracts is recommended respectively.