bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulating Second‐Harmonic Generation in 2D Chiral Perovskites Through Achiral Organic Spacer Cation Alloying Strategy
Authors: Li Junzi , Guo Zhihang , Wang Meiting , Shao Yonghong , Chen Yi , Qin Yan , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Changshun , Jin Hao , Wang Luyang , He Tingchao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe inherent structural flexibility and chiroptical activity of 2D chiral perovskites make them promising for the nonlinear optical (NLO) application. A comprehensive understanding of the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) mechanism in 2D chiral perovskites is essential for developing NLO devices. However, the rational design of 2D chiral perovskite structures to regulate SHG properties remains challenging. Herein, to regulate SHG response, an achiral organic spacer cation alloying strategy is employed to construct a series of 2D chiral perovskites. Through the measurement of temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra, it is revealed that the material design strategy can effectively modulating self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission. More importantly, it is confirmed that there is a competitive relationship between STE emission and SHG in 2D chiral perovskites. Meanwhile, the microscopic imaging of circularly polarized‐SHG is demonstrated in chiral perovskites. This work will not only advance the understanding of the SHG mechanism in 2D chiral perovskites but also provide inspiration for the rational design and synthesis of perovskites for NLO devices.
Large Optical Nonlinearity Enhancement and All‐Optical Logic Gate Implementation in Silver‐Modified Violet Phosphorus
Authors: Xu Xiaodan , Cui Zexin , Yang Yifan , Zhang Yaqing , Li Qifan , Tong Lihua , Li Jun , Zhang Xinzheng , Wu Yanling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs the most stable allotrope of phosphorus, violet phosphorus (VP) has attracted extensive research in the field of all‐optical modulation due to its excellent broadband spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM) effect. To better exploit the great potential of VP in nonlinear photonics devices, this work explores chemical doping method to artificially enhance the nonlinear optical response of VP. Herein, silver‐modified few‐layer VP (Ag‐VP) is constructed for SSPM experiments. In comparison to pristine VP, a significantly improved third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) and nonlinear optical response for Ag‐VP is obtained in visible light band, and the enhancement ratio increases with the increase of wavelength. Moreover, the excitation threshold of SSPM effect is also significantly reduced, with a reduction ratio up to 3.61. The enhanced nonlinear optical response is attributed to the improved light–matter interaction induced by impurity energy levels. By taking advantage of the outstanding SSPM effect of Ag‐VP, an all‐optical logic gate is designed to demonstrate “OR” logical information transmission. This work provides a new avenue for the design and application of energy‐saving and tunable nonlinear photonic devices in the future.
Parotidectomy Trends Toward Outpatient for Benign Disease
Authors: Prince Andrew D. P. , Oslin Kimberly , Smith Josh D. , Hershey Emma , Chionis Lisa , Allevato Michael , Chinn Steven B. , Prince Mark E. P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluate the safety of outpatient parotidectomy. We evaluate factors that lead to planned admission and compare costs. We evaluate trends toward outpatient, and the outcomes of switching admission status, total versus superficial approach, and ambulatory versus hospital site.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary academic center.MethodsRetrospective review of patients who underwent parotidectomy for benign tumors from 2018 to 2023.ResultsOf 370 parotidectomies performed, there were a planned 162 admissions and 208 outpatient procedures. A travel time > 60 minutes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.487, confidence interval [CI]: 0.296‐0.803, P = .005) and total parotidectomy (OR = 0.448, CI: 0.226‐0.89, P = .022) decreased the odds of a planned outpatient procedure. In a multivariable model, longer operative time increased the odds of switching to inpatient (n = 29, OR = 1.02, CI: 1.007‐1.033, P = .002) and drain placement decreased the odds of switching to outpatient (n = 15, OR = 0.035, CI: 0.004‐0.298, P = .002). There was no significant difference in surgical complications, phone calls, clinic visits, readmission rates, or recurrence between outpatient and inpatient. This remained true when comparing surgical facility and superficial versus total parotidectomy. After COVID was declared an emergency, there was a trend toward outpatient parotidectomy (72.7% vs 48.9%, P < .001), but no change in complication rates. At our institution, outpatient parotidectomy saved $3838 compared to overnight admission.ConclusionThis study supports that outpatient parotidectomy is safe. This remained true for patients switching admission status, undergoing superficial or total parotidectomy, and having their operation at an ambulatory site. We demonstrate that institutions can safely increase outpatient parotidectomy rates and outpatient parotidectomy is cost effective.
Ancient and contemporary shellfish cultivation practices bolster bivalve communities and diversity‐biomass relationships
Authors: Cox Kieran D. , Davies Hailey L. , Millard‐Martin Ben , Black Morgan , Hessing‐Lewis Margot , Smith Nicole F. , Juanes Francis , Dudas Sarah E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Marine ecosystems provide humans with access to nutritious food. The discussion surrounding the cultivation of intertidal resources currently focuses on recent decades, disregarding a robust history of complex social‐ecological interactions and environmental stewardship.

Here, we use the co‐occurrence of Indigenous clam gardens, shellfish aquaculture farms, and unmodified beaches along Canada's West Coast to test the hypothesis that two different resource management practices, one engineered over millennia and the other decades, bolster contemporary bivalve communities. We quantified the diversity, density and estimated biomass of the bivalve communities within 24 intertidal sites and evaluated the communities' association with the habitat's substrate composition, sediment characteristics and physical complexity. We examined these data using a combination of diversity indices, structural complexity metrics, non‐parametric multivariate statistics and supervised machine learning algorithms.

We show that both cultivation methods create distinct biological communities, with community composition proportional to how each cultivation practice alters the habitats' substrate, sediment and physical complexity. Increases in bivalve biomass were comparable across cultivation methods but varied considerably among taxa. We identify a previously undocumented correlation between bivalve biomass and species richness, which is highly influenced by habitat complexity.

Our work contributes to the mounting evidence that shellfish cultivation fosters ecologically diverse communities while enhancing food production. We propose that an ecosystem‐wide management approach that considers multiple bivalve species, ecological processes and socio‐cultural practices will elevate the conservation and cultivation of marine resources.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Diagnostic usefulness of 24‐h polysomnography for idiopathic hypersomnia co‐occurring with neurodevelopmental disorders: A case report
Authors: Kido Keisuke , Sugita Naoko , Murai Toshiya , Tachibana Naoko , Kubota Manabu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently comorbid, they often remain underdiagnosed, leading to insufficient treatment and sociopsychological outcomes.Case PresentationHere, we present a case of a male in his late 20s with ADHD and autism spectrum disorder who exhibited symptoms suggestive of idiopathic hypersomnia (IH), a subtype of CDH. The patient experienced difficulty waking up and dropped out of university. Additionally, although methylphenidate extended‐release was prescribed, he often forgot to take his medication, resulting in difficulty waking up until late afternoon. No symptoms related to rapid eye movements sleep were observed. Considering the possibility of concurrent hypersomnia with neurodevelopmental disorders, we conducted 24‐h polysomnography (PSG). The results demonstrated total sleep time of 774.5 min (≥660 min). Together with other criteria, we diagnosed him as having IH. Following discharge and discussion with the patient, we provided sleep hygiene education for him, and he resumed day care attendance to establish a social routine.ConclusionIn cases where hypersomnia may co‐occur with neurodevelopmental disorders, active utilization of 24‐h PSG enables detailed evaluation of sleep–wake patterns and behaviors, facilitating effective guidance on sleep hygiene and promoting improvements in social rhythms and sociability.
New Non‐Invasive Approach for a Woman With Dyssynergic Defecation Associated With Dyspareunia: A Case Report
Authors: Hady Doaa A. Abdel , Maqsoud Nehad M. Reda Abdel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe pelvic floor muscles are a complicated muscular structure with three major functions: defecation, urination, and sexual function. Constipated patients rarely have sexual or urinary complaints. The objective of this case is to provide a new and successful therapy strategy for a patient with dyssynergic defection and dyspareunia.Study DesignThe case study below discusses physical therapy rehabilitation and the consequences for both current and future physical therapy programs of constipation caused by PFM dyssynergia and dyspareunia.Case DescriptionA 22‐year‐old married nulliparous woman was referred by her urogynecologist for the management of PFM tightness, with the main complaints being pain during intercourse and chronic constipation. The diagnosis had been confirmed by MR defecography, which revealed puborectalis and external anal muscle tightness. Neuromuscular reeducation employing electromyography biofeedback, improved rectal sensation, intravagival massage, the application of an intermittent pneumatic compression belt on the abdominiopelvic region, and suprapubic water bag ultrasound therapy were among the pelvic floor rehabitation strategies.ConclusionThe intermittent pneumatic compression belt and water bag ultrasound approach, combined with standard program rehabitation, was successfully used in patients with defection dyssynergia and dyspareunia. After 3 weeks, stool frequency decreased from once every 10 days to one bowel movement per week; a condition reported less bloating and stomach pain, as well as a pain rating of 5/10 during sexual activity and 0/10 immediately afterward; and FSFI increased from 15.1 to 19.1. After 12 weeks, stool frequency is three bowel movements per week, a condition has less bloating and stomach discomfort and rates pain as 1/10 during sexual activity and 0/10 immediately, and FSFI has risen from 15.1 to 25.1.
Asymmetric right ventricular myocardial work correlates with gold standard measurements of cardiac function in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Diab Simone G. , Ebata Ryota , Mroczek Dariusz , Hui Wei , Remme Espen W. , Möller Thomas , Friedberg Mark K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) (dys)function determines outcomes in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously found that asymmetric RV myocardial work (MW) corresponds with inefficient RV function in experimental PH models. We therefore aimed to investigate regional distribution of RV MW and its correlation with catheter hemodynamics in children with PH. RV MW was calculated by longitudinal strain and simultaneous catheter pressure measurements in 14 patients with PH. Wasted MW was defined as the ratio of inappropriate myocardial lengthening to favorable shortening work. Segment‐wise and averaged MW and wasted MW were evaluated at baseline and during pulmonary vasodilation therapy with oxygen and nitric oxide, and their relationship to hemodynamic measurements was analyzed. We found that MW was higher for the lateral wall than the septum: 1013 ± 374 mmHg · % versus 532 ± 190 mmHg · % at baseline. Wasted MW ratio did not differ significantly between wall regions. Pulmonary vasodilators slightly reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure and was accompanied by a more symmetrical MW distribution. Averaged MW correlated with the rate of RV pressure development (dP/dt maximum) and decay (dP/dt minimum) at all conditions (p  0.047). The results suggest that MW contribute to, and may be used as a marker of, systolic and diastolic efficiency in the PH RV.
Factors Affecting Mother‐Infant Bonding in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Baykoca Jeni , Barry Eleanor , Benton Madeleine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the impact of psychological and social factors on mother‐infant bonding in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) living in the United Kingdom.DesignA cross‐sectional online survey study conducted between November 2022 and January 2023 administered to women who self‐reported current or past (within the previous 1 year) GDM.MethodsThe survey comprised demographic and validated self‐report measures for depression, anxiety, eating disorders, perceived social support, pregnancy and birth experience, and breastfeeding. Mother‐infant bonding was measures using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale for women who were currently pregnant with GDM (antenatal) and the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale for women with past GDM (postnatal).ResultsN = 149 women (n = 37 antenatal, and n = 112 postnatal) completed the survey. Higher anxiety and depression symptoms and managing GDM using metformin and insulin were associated with poorer mother‐infant bonding for women in both antenatal and postnatal periods. Higher social support was associated with higher mother‐infant bonding scores in women in both the antenatal and postnatal period.ConclusionThe experience of GDM may be amplifying the known risk factors for impaired mother‐infant bonding. Targeted psychological support for women with GDM may be necessary to ensure that their emotional well‐being is addressed as part of comprehensive perinatal care.
Exploring the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practise of Healthy Eating Among Lactating Mothers in a Poor Rural Setting in North‐Western Ghana
Authors: Molle Mildred Naamwintome , Domapielle Maximillian Kolbe , Sumankuuro Joshua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecognised as one of the most effective ways to guarantee positive maternal and child health outcomes, optimal nutrition for lactating mothers has received significant attention and investment both globally and locally. Despite this recognition, studies on maternal and child nutrition in Ghana have revealed that adherence to prescribed healthy eating regimens among lactating mothers in deprived settings has not received adequate scholarly attention. Thus, this study explores lactating mothers knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding healthy eating to better understand the barriers to optimal nutritional outcomes for mothers and children, especially when chronic poverty is widespread.MethodsThis was a case study to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practise of healthy eating among lactating mothers in the Wa West District. Convenience and purposive sampling procedures were followed to select lactating mothers and healthcare providers, respectively. Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect the data. The data were analysed using Anderson's behavioural model. The model offers a comprehensive analysis of factors—predisposition, enabling factors, and need for care—potentially influencing lactating mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practise of healthy eating.ResultsThe findings show that while lactating mothers in the district were aware of the importance of optimal nutrition for their health and wellbeing; food insecurity and pervasive poverty limit their opportunities to adhere to a balanced eating regimen.ConclusionAn integrated development approach is needed to expand and sustain awareness of the importance of optimal nutrition for maternal and child health, improve local food production, and promote household economic empowerment.
Impacts of terrestrial mammalian herbivores on vegetation change in the arctic
Authors: Osterrieth Maxime , Bosker Thijs 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are increasing concerns about regional ecosystem shifts in the Arctic due to climate change. Notably, warming-induced increases in Arctic vegetation cover can have important consequences for surface energy balance, habitat changes, permafrost, and more. Mammalian herbivory is an important potential force to counteract this effect. In this systematic literature review, we examine the role of terrestrial mammalian herbivory on warming-induced increases in Arctic vegetation. We analyse the effects of terrestrial mammalian herbivory on vegetation cover, abundance, growth, survival, and ecosystem productivity. Our results show that herbivory has an overall significant negative influence on Arctic vegetation, particularly on vegetation biomass, growth, and productivity, as indicated by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Importantly, we demonstrated a significant role of herbivores in controlling carbon dioxide exchange and carbon uptake, whilst acknowledging that the relationship between herbivory and ecosystem productivity is highly complex and site-dependent. Our results confirm the important role that herbivory can play in buffering observed and predicted warming-induced Arctic vegetation increases. We also find that this is strongly affected by plant palatability, trampling occurrence, and herbivore density.
Graphical Abstract
Spinal cord stimulation induces Neurotrophin-3 to improve diabetic foot disease
Authors: Liu Yi , Li XuanPeng , Xu HaiWen , Sun Ke , Gong Hui Jun , Luo Cheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Low-extremity ischemic disease is a common complication in diabetic patients, leading to reduced quality of life and potential amputation. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on patients with diabetic foot disease and a rat model of diabetic foot injury. SCS was applied to patients with diabetic foot disease, with clinical assessments performed before and after therapy. Blood levels of NGF, BDNF, and NT-3 were determined by ELISA. A rat model of diabetic foot injury was established to validate NT-3’s role in SCS therapy. SCS therapy improved the condition of patients with diabetic ischemic foot disease and promoted wound healing in the rat model. NT-3 levels significantly increased after SCS therapy in both patients and rats. Recombinant NT-3 administration improved wound healing and re-vascularization in the rat model, while NT-3 neutralization abrogated SCS’s therapeutic effect. SCS improves the condition of patients with diabetic ischemic foot disease by inducing NT-3 production. Both SCS and NT-3 supplementation show therapeutic potential for ameliorating diabetic foot disease.
Proofreading student writing: a research-based stakeholder tool focused on ethical practice
Authors: Richards Fiona , Harwood Nigel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article presents a research-based stakeholder tool informed by a study of the various types of changes proofreaders may make when proofreading a student text. Whilst the tool can be used to advise higher education students, (non-)professional proofreaders/editors, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) lecturers, writing centre tutors, and university policy makers as to appropriate forms of third-party intervention, it is primarily intended to be used as a framework that assists academics in deciding which kinds of third-party intervention are un/ethical when allowing their students to have work proofread. As such, the stakeholder tool serves a heuristic purpose in that it: 1) displays the various types of interventions proofreaders could make for an academic to consider which interventions they wish to allow, from the lightest-touch (e.g., correcting typos or spelling errors) to the heaviest-touch (e.g., substantial, wholesale rewriting of the text by the proofreader at the level of content); 2) advises academics about un/ethical forms of proofreading intervention; 3) confirms an academic has given permission for a student to seek out proofreading support whilst specifying what in the academic’s opinion is un/ethical in terms of proofreading intervention; and 4) educates and trains stakeholders in academically sound proofreading practices. This stakeholder tool is timely when considering that some current university proofreading policies are poorly worded and ambiguous, and when considering the lack of clarity about or knowledge of university proofreading guidelines by stakeholders such as staff and students.
Gompertz-Weibull {Gompertz} Type I: A Four-Parameter Generalization of the Weibull Family
Authors: Smith Scott , Diaz-Martinez Brenda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a construction method that provides greater flexibility in modeling real-world phenomenon by generalizing univariate probability distributions. The Gompertz distribution is used to provide new classes of models through T-X{Y} construction, in a manner we will define as a “proper” generalization, illustrated by application to the popular Weibull family. We provide moments and other properties of the model, including the necessary equations for maximum likelihood estimation, and we fit a set of real data to the model. A framework for classifying generalizations that includes many previously discovered methods and considerations for the research infrastructure are proposed in our methods and discussion.
Reliability and durability assessment of bridge stay cables
Authors: Teichgraeber Marco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An algorithm for the reliability and durability assessment of stay cables in bridges is presented in this study enabling their probability of failure and a safe working period to be determined under various loading scenarios. The algorithm was originally developed based on data collected from an extensive structural monitoring campaign of the biggest single-pylon concrete cable-stayed bridge in Poland and used to assess the durability of its suspension system. It was then modified to be suitable for the evaluation of stay-cables subjected to wind excitation and structural reliability of the suspension system in a real steel bridge where permanent plastic deformations occurred in the anchor zones of the stay cables. The algorithm takes into account analytical models describing the stay cables and their numerical finite element models (FEM). As such, it is a universal tool having a wide range of applications, also beyond stay cables often encountered in medium- and long-span bridges forming a critical part of the civil engineering infrastructure.