bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublime Historical Experience, Real Presence and Photography
Authors: Jay Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn addition to the testimony of the author’s own “sublime historical experience” during a visit to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, this essay draws on Georges Didi-Huberman’s analysis of four photographs from the Holocaust in his Images in Spite of All to demonstrate the power of Ankersmit’s argument. It speculates on the relationship between such experiences and theological notions of “real presence,” which also seek to collapse the distance between past and present and confound conventional historicist notions of temporal continuity and contextual determination. Against Ankersmit’s claim that sublime historical experiences occur only when a civilizational transformation causes nostalgia for a lost past, it argues that they may also be felt when traumatic events for whose return no one yearns disrupt the intelligibility of historical narratives and meaningful representation.
Porphyry and Black Magic
Authors: Muscolino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2019

In the De abstinentia (ii, 41, 5) Porphyry is the first philosopher to give an exact definition of goeteia or black magic saying: “All black magic is accomplished through the opposite sort [i.e. evil] daemons.This paper will be presented in two parts: in the first part, there is the description about the difference between Magic—the sacred science of the Persian Magi (De abstinentia iv, 16, 1)—, and the black magic (De abstinentia ii, 41, 5); in the second part, using Porphyry’s definition of black magic and other philological data, it’s shown that Porphyry was not merely a philosopher interested in black magic in a theoretical manner, but also a practicing sorcerer.
Discerning Ancient Identity: The Case of Aashyet’s Sarcophagus (JE 47267)
Authors: Liszka Kate 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Aashyet’s sarcophagus (JE 47267) offers a unique case for understanding how the intersection of a person’s identities, such as ethnicity, gender, age, or religion, is portrayed on a funerary object within the historic and religious circumstances of a specific context. Aashyet’s sarcophagus portrays her as a wealthy, elite priestess, and the head-of-household, while being a Nubian who celebrated her non-Egyptian origins. The sarcophagus’s archaeological context also demonstrates the importance of Priestesses of Hathor within Montuhotep II’s funerary complex at Deir el-Bahri for the legitimation of his kingship before he unified Egypt, late in his reign.
The Politics of Poetics in Early Qajar Iran: Writing Royal-Commissioned Tazkeras at Fath-ʿAli Shāh’s Court
Authors: Abe Naofumi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The middle of the eighteenth century reportedly witnessed the emergence of the new literary movement in Persian poetry, called the “bāzgasht-e adabi,” or literary return, which rejected the seventeenth-century mainstream Indian or tāza-guʾi style. This literary movement recently merits increased attention from many scholars who are interested in wider Persianate cultures. This article explores the reception of this movement in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Iran and the role played by the Qajar royal court in it, mainly by the analysis of a specific sub-genre of tazkeras, called “royal-commissioned tazkeras,” which were produced from the reign of the second Qajar monarch Fath-ʿAli Shāh onward. A main focus will be on the reciprocal relationship between the court poets/literati and the shah, which presumably somehow affected our understanding of Persian literature today.
The Empire that Never Was
Authors: Burnard (review) Trevor , Goodfriend (review) Joyce , Van Zandt (review) Cynthia , Frijhoff (review) Willem , Klooster (response) Wim 
Published: June 2019

This book forum focuses on Wim Klooster’s The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World (Cornell University Press, 2016). In his book, Wim Klooster shows how the Dutch built and eventually lost an Atlantic empire that stretched from the homeland in the United Provinces to the Hudson River and from Brazil and the Caribbean to the African Gold Coast. The fleets and armies that fought for the Dutch in the decades-long war against Spain included numerous foreigners, largely drawn from countries in northwestern Europe. Likewise, many settlers of Dutch colonies were born in other parts of Europe or the New World. According to Klooster, the Dutch would not have been able to achieve military victories without the native alliances they carefully cultivated. Indeed, Klooster concludes, the Dutch Atlantic was quintessentially interimperial, multinational, and multiracial. At the same time, it was an empire entirely designed to benefit the United Provinces.
The four reviewers – Trevor Burnard, Joyce Goodfriend, Cynthia Van Zandt, and Willem Frijhoff – all offer praise, some more profusely than others. Their reviews critically question some aspects of Klooster’s narrative, particularly in relation to slavery, the inevitability of the Dutch Atlantic empire’s decline, his assessment of the rule of Johan-Maurits van Nassau-Siegen in Dutch Brazil, the role of violence and of women in Dutch colonization, as well as the relationship between microcosmic and macrocosmic perspectives on the history of Dutch America.
‘I Have My Own Spaceship’
Authors: Terbish Baasanjav 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper is about folk healers in Kalmykia, southwest Russia, locally referred to as medlegchi, and their eclectic healing methods that combine elements of the earlier religions of Buddhism, shamanism and folk beliefs with modern theologies, ideas and concepts. Although the paper focuses upon the contemporary situation of folk healers, the author also briefly describes the development of Kalmyk folk healing in order to explain its varied and de-centralised contemporary nature. Alleging to receive their healing knowledge directly from their guardian deities (the majority of whom are Buddhist gods), all Kalmyk folk healers are eclectic in their methods, some more so than others. For example, those who are members of the community Vozrozhdenie [Revival], discussed in the paper, differ from many others by the speed with which they absorb ultra-new ideas and anxieties into their healing practices, which today include UFOs, a cosmic god and aliens, among other things.
Mothers and Moral Activists
Authors: Cavaliere Paola 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany sociological studies have discussed the importance of religion and gender as two key components facilitating civic engagement, which in turn is believed to foster citizenship and democratization. Most female members of Japanese new religions engage in a variety of service-oriented volunteer initiatives where they tend to provide help and support to individuals directly, outside of organized volunteer organizations and civic associations. Such volunteer behaviour is defined in the literature as informal volunteering. In this respect, this paper addresses three main questions: 1) What aspects of religiosity relate to women’s participation in informal volunteering sponsored by Japanese religious organizations? 2) What specific volunteer models of women’s social engagement are articulated through informal volunteering and what is the dominant background neoliberal ideology? 3) How do these models foster women’s citizenship and social participation? This paper draws upon two sets of qualitative data (2010–2012 and 2015–2017) of religious-based volunteer activities performed by women belonging to four Japanese religious organizations: Risshō Kōseikai 立正佼成会, Shinnyoen 真如苑, the Roman Catholic Church in Japan (Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai 日本カトリック教会), and GLA ジーエルエー (God Light Association).
Migrating Musical Myths
Authors: Barker Andrew D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Allusions to the ‘Libyan aulos’ or ‘Libyan lōtos’ are quite common in Euripides, but occur nowhere in earlier texts and only sporadically later. The identity of the instrument to which these unusual expressions refer is something of a mystery. I argue that it cannot be a special kind of instrument distinct from the familiar aulos, but that the designation reflects a mythological tradition, difficult but by no means impossible to trace in our sources, according to which the aulos and its music originated in North Africa rather than in Phrygia, where the more familiar legends locate it.
Centaur-Musicians in Classical Iconography
Authors: López María Isabel Rodríguez , Mayorga Claudina Romero 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Centaurs, hybrid mythical beings, were associated with barbarism in antiquity, due to the fact that the widely disseminated iconography of the Centauromachy portrayed them as violent creatures against the Lapiths, creating an opposition between man/beast, order/chaos. However, the role of the divine centaur Chiron as Achilles’ teacher offered another vision of these beings, especially in connection with music. This paper proposes a new interpretation of the iconographic evolution of the centaurs in association with music: as part of the heroes’ education, the Dionysian and Marine thiasos and their presence in funerary art. A progressively humanised representation of these creatures might be explained by the role of music as a civilising influence, enabling their elevation to a higher spiritual level and as a way to obtain immortality.
Τὸ καλόν as a Criterion for Judging Innovation (τὸ καινόν) in Greek Musical Pedagogy
Authors: Gostoli Antonietta 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Pseudo-Plutarchan De musica provides us with the oldest history of Greek lyric poetry from pre-Homeric epic poetry to the lyric poetry of the fourth century BC. Importantly, the work also contains an evaluation of the role of music in the process of educating and training citizens. Pseudo-Plutarch (Aristoxenus) considers the καλόν in the aesthetic and ethical sense, which makes it incompatible with the καινόν dictated by the new poetic and musical season.
The need for ethical leadership in combating corruption
Authors: Bashir Mohsin , Hassan Shahidul 
Published: June 2019

In this article, we empirically assess the role of ethical leadership in reducing corruption. We also examine whether the effectiveness of ethical leadership in curbing corruption depends on the quality of the reward system in public organizations. We focus on two related components of the reward system: the use of performance-based rewards and procedural fairness. Using data collected through a survey of 741 employees in 154 government and non-profit organizations in Pakistan, we find a negative association between ethical managerial leadership and reports of corruption. We also find that the use of performance-based rewards is associated with fewer incidences of corruption, and that the negative relationship between ethical leadership and corruption is stronger when employees report low levels of procedural fairness. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on and strategies for combating corruption in public organizations. Points for practitioners Ethical managerial leadership can reduce corruption in public organizations in developing countries. The need for ethical leadership is particularly high in organizations that are yet to establish a fair reward system. Moreover, to reduce incidences of unethical behavior and promote ethical behavior, managers in public organizations in developing countries should communicate ethical standards clearly, encourage subordinates to make decisions in an ethical manner, and hold subordinates accountable for unethical conduct.
Timing of Postoperative Radiotherapy in Surgically Treated HPV‐Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Townsend Melanie , DeWees Todd , Gross Jennifer , Daly Mackenzie , Gay Hiram , Thorstad Wade , Jackson Ryan S. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveOptimal timing of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) remains understudied in human papillomavirus (HPV)–related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Objectives are to determine if delays between surgery and radiotherapy, breaks during radiotherapy, disease, or patient factors are associated with recurrence or survival decrements in HPV‐related disease.DesignRetrospective review.SettingAcademic medical center.SubjectsA total of 240 cases of HPV‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma from 2000 to 2016.MethodsPatient and tumor characteristics (American Joint Committee on Cancer, eighth edition), delays to radiation initiation, and breaks during radiation were recorded. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were analyzed.ResultsRFS and OS were not significantly affected by delays to PORT >6 weeks or by treatment intervals >100 days (surgery to PORT completion). Breaks during PORT significantly imparted an OS detriment (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.8). Advanced‐stage disease was significantly associated with reduced RFS and OS. Subgroup analysis of stage I versus stage II/III disease found that >6 weeks to PORT initiation and treatment intervals >100 days did not significantly decrease RFS or OS in either stage group. Advanced‐stage disease was significantly associated with worsened OS (HR, 6.6; 95% CI, 2.3‐19.1) and RFS (HR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.5‐18.4). Breaks during PORT significantly reduced RFS (HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2‐10.8) and OS (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐9.0) in the stage II/III subset.ConclusionDelays to radiotherapy initiation and prolonged treatment time did not affect recurrence or survival in HPV‐related oropharyngeal disease. Locoregionally advanced disease was consistently associated with worse outcomes. Breaks during PORT may affect recurrence and survival, although larger studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Evaluation of Syndesmosis Reduction on CT Scan
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed Elghazy , Hagemeijer Noortje , Guss Daniel , El-Hawary Ahmed , El-Mowafi Hani , DiGiovanni Christopher W. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Computed tomography (CT) imaging has traditionally been considered the gold standard for evaluation of syndesmostic reduction, but there is no uniformly accepted method to assess reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver reliability of published measurement techniques for evaluation of syndesmotic reduction on weightbearing CT scan (WBCT) in hopes of determining which method is best. Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify patients who underwent operative stabilization of unilateral syndesmotic injuries. Exclusion criteria included patients younger than 18 years, ipsilateral fractures extending to the tibial plafond, any contralateral ankle fracture or syndesmotic injury, and body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2. Twenty eligible patients underwent WBCT evaluation of both ankles at an average of 3 years after syndesmotic fixation. The anatomic accuracy of syndesmotic reduction was evaluated by 2 observers using axial CT images at a level 1 cm proximal to the tibial plafond using 9 previously published radiological measurement techniques. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were assessed for each evaluation method. Results: The syndesmotic area calculation showed the highest interobserver reliability (0.96), the highest intraobserver reliability for observer 2 (0.97), and the second highest intraobserver reliability for observer 1 (0.92). Fibular rotation had the second highest interobserver reliability in our results (0.84), with intraobserver reliability of 0.91 and 0.8 for first and second observers, respectively. The intraobserver reliability of the side-by-side method was 0.49 and 0.24 for the first and second observers, respectively, and the interobserver reliability was 0.26. Conclusion: Qualitatively assessing syndesmotic reduction via side-by-side comparison with the uninjured ankle had the least intra- and interobserver reliability and should not be relied on to determine syndesmotic reduction quality. In contradistinction, syndesmotic area calculation demonstrated the highest reliability when evaluating syndesmotic reduction, followed by fibular rotation. Given that syndesmotic area measurement techniques are not readily available on standard image viewers, technologically updating image viewers to allow such calculation would make this approach more accessible in clinical practice. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Effect of M2 macrophage adoptive transfer on transcriptome profile of injured spinal cords in rats
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu Yan , Duan Fei-Xiang , Wang Sai-Nan , Guo Xue-Yan , Ding Shu-Qin , Zhou Ji-Hong , Hu Jian-Guo , Lü He-Zuo 
Published: June 2019

The previous studies showed that alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) adoptive immunity can improve the proportion of local M2 cells and play the neuroprotective effect after spinal cord injury (SCI). Its molecular mechanism is not yet very clear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of the M2 adoptive transfer on the local expression of gene transcription. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for culture of macrophages and establishment of SCI models. After SCI, the polarized M2 macrophages were transferred to the injured rats by tail vein injection. Seven days after operation, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spinal cords were analyzed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Then, the functional enrichment analysis and pathways were performed by using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), respectively. RNA-Seq showed that M2 adoptive immunity can down-regulate many well-studied gene expressions associated with signaling pathways of inflammatory, such as antigen processing and presentation, phagosome, cell adhesion molecules, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, endocytosis, proteasome, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. These may explain the mechanism of our previous adoptive immunization of M2 cells to provide neuroprotection for SCI. In addition, a novel pathway, retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathway was found to be involved in the pathological process of SCI and the response to M2 adoptive immunity as well. This will provide a new explanation for the pathological mechanism of SCI and a new theoretical and experimental basis for its clinical treatment. The raw Illumina data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra (accession number PRJNA517238). Impact statement This research aimed to analyze the effect of M2 macrophage adoptive transfer on the local expression of gene transcription after SCI by RNA-Seq. The results showed that M2 adoptive immunity can down-regulate many well-studied gene expressions associated with signaling pathways of inflammatory. These may explain the mechanism of our previous adoptive immunization of M2 cells to provide neuroprotection for SCI. In addition, a novel pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway was also found to involve in the pathological process of SCI and the response to M2 adoptive immunity. This will provide a new explanation for the pathological mechanism of SCI and a new theoretical and experimental basis for its clinical treatment.
The Society of Vascular Surgery International Scholars Program: The First Decade
Authors: Narala Bhavya , Aurshina Afsha , Hingorani Anil , Marks Natalie , Rajaee Sareh , Iadgarova Eleanor , Ascher Enrico 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) is a not-for-profit medical society, whose goal is to further advance in vascular health on a global scale. With its 10th anniversary in sight, we were interested in analyzing the impact of a specific scholarship given under the SVS, the International Scholars Program. Our goal was to examine the awardees’ characteristics and academic productivity. Materials and Methods: We measured the number of peer-reviewed articles, before and after the program, using PubMed® and Google Scholar® (2008-2018) of the scholarship recipients. Editorials, book chapters, letter to editor, and oral/poster presentations were excluded. A survey was sent out to assess the awardees’ current status. Results: The average number of applicants/year was 15.4 (standard deviation ± 6.69), with 17.5% females and a mean age of 37 ± 3.37 years, with 5.6 ± 2.30 years status post vascular fellowship. Brazil had the highest number of recipients (n = 5; 18.5%) followed by China (n = 4; 14.8%). No significant difference was noted between each country in terms of publications ( P = .45), nor with after the SVS scholarship program compared to before ( P = .14, 1.84 vs 2.76). The survey concluded 33% had attended a subsequent SVS meeting after the program, with 27% having presented their research (n = 15). The recipients noted the program helped adopt new practices in clinical management (n = 13, 87%), learn new procedures (n = 10, 67%), gain local/regional leadership (n = 9, 60%), and improve technical skills (n = 8, 53%). The most visited clinical sites were Massachusetts General Hospital and Mayo Clinic (n = 4, 27%). The program was given a 9.1/10 rating. Conclusion: The program was successful in maintaining academic productivity by continuing to publish research even after the scholarship, while teaching recipients skills to further improve their career goals. The award remains a competitive process that selects highly skilled recipients and still has much growth and progress to look forward to over the next decade.
Screening for head and neck second primary tumors in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van de Ven SEM , Bugter O , Hardillo JA , Bruno MJ , Baatenburg de Jong RJ , Koch AD 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundEsophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) are often accompanied by head and neck second primary tumors (HNSPTs). The prognosis of patients with an additional HNSPT is worse compared with patients with only ESCC. Therefore, early detection of HNSPTs may improve the overall outcome of patients with ESCC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the yield of endoscopic screening for HNSPTs in patients with primary ESCC.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of all available databases. Studies were included if ESCC patients were endoscopically screened for HNSPT. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of HNSPTs.ResultsTwelve studies, all performed in Japan, were included in this systematic review with a total of 6483 patients. The pooled prevalence of HNSPTs was 6.7% (95% confidence interval: 4.9–8.4). The overall heterogeneity was high across the studies (I2 = 89.0%, p < 0.001). Most HNSPTs were low stage (85.3%) and located in the hypopharynx (60.3%). The proportion of synchronous (48.2%) and metachronous (51.8%) HNSPTs was comparable.ConclusionBased on our results, HNSPT screening could be considered in patients with primary ESCC. All studies were performed in Japan; it is therefore not clear whether this consideration applies to the Western world.