bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of treatment outcomes by cognitive and physical scales
Authors: Jakavonytė-Akstinienė Agnė , Dikčius Vytautas , Macijauskienė Jūratė 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using scales for measuring cognitive and physical functions for a prognosis of care outcomes in elderly patients. Methodology. The survey was carried out in one of the Vilnius City Hospitals for Nursing and Support Treatment. A total number of 177 respondents were involved in the study. The Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), The Barthel Index (BI) and The Morse Fall Scale were used. Results. A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the scores of MMSE and BI (Pearson R = 0.41, p < 0.01); those with severe cognitive impairment were more dependent. A statistically significant correlation (Pearson R = −0.181, p < 0.01) was reported between the scores of MMSE and the Morse Fall Scale – the risk of falling was higher in patients with severe cognitive impairment. Conclusions. The Morse Fall Scale was not suitable for the prognosis of outcomes. The MMSE was suitable for the prognosis of a patient’s discharge. The Barthel Index should be considered as the most suitable tool for the prognosis of care outcomes: the sum-score of the Barthel Index above 25 may suggest that the patient would be discharged home; the sum-score below this level was associated with a higher likelihood of patient death.
Time as Motion
Authors: Boccardi Emiliano 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe arena of the philosophy of time has been largely concerned with deciding whether tense distinctions reflect absolute metaphysical distinctions or not. After bringing the debate over the metaphysical status of instantaneous velocity to bear on the debate over the nature of temporal passage, I argue that we should further investigate whether aspectual distinctions reflect objective and absolute metaphysical distinctions too. I conclude that those who think that being realist about tense uniquely makes room for the idea that time passes should be realist about the progressive too.
Exploration of the evolution of nanotechnology from a patent co-classification perspective
Authors: Wang An-Pang , Hou Chen-En , Hung Shiu-Wan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn an era of dramatic changes, enterprises tend to rely on tracking the main trends of technological evolution to maintain a competitive advantage when confronted with the impact of competing new and old technologies and disruptive innovation. This paper explores the evolution of nanotechnology via an analysis of the patent co-classification from the database at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). A total of 518 patents on nanotechnology were analyzed. The trend of nanotechnology and the patents of high betweenness centrality were identified. It was found that the technical classifications of “semiconductor device manufacturing” and “chemistry of inorganic compounds” have the highest potential for future growth. These classifications have shown a stable number of filed patents and have become the mainstream in nanotechnology development since the 1980s. Furthermore, this study also showed that the patents owned by the US comprise a significant portion of the applications in the major technical classifications, which has played an important role in the evolution of nanotechnology. The results demonstrated that an analysis of the patent network can be a useful tool for both understanding and predicting the trend of an emerging technology.
Currency Reforms in the Polish State After 1945. Legaleconomic Issues
Authors: Jastrzębski Robert 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The subject of the article are currency reforms that were carried out after the Second World War in the Polish state. The first legal regulations from 1944 - 45 concerned the unification of the money circulation, which in practice meant the exchange of occupation money for the new currency. However, the repayment of financial claims made before the outbreak of the war was regulated by a decree of 1949. Another monetary reform concerned the new, socialist economic policy of the Polish state. The basis for it was the Act of October 28, 1950 on the change of the monetary system. After this reform, periodic changes in prices and wages were introduced, which were not based on strictly legislative solutions. In practice, these ordinances were in the nature of new monetary reforms. The Act of 1950 was repealed by the Act of 7 July 1994 on the denomination of the zloty.
To Regulate or to Liberate? Business Development and the Dilemmas of the Authorities Regarding the Shape of Economic Policy in the Years 1989–1995
Authors: Kamosiński Sławomir 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In the history of Poland, it is very clear that the year 1989 is one of the most distinctive turning points - a final break with the political, social, and economic system built in the period of the Polish People’s Republic, and reinstatement of democracy and free market economy upon the will of the nation. The world had never witnessed a transformation process as large as the one that occurred in Poland after the year 1989. Importantly, this transformation could not be programmed. Therefore, economic policy implemented by governments of the time was constantly amended as problems arose. The course of ownership transformation was monitored. It was observed that the so-called Privatization Act of July 13, 1990 lacked regulations concerning environment protection. Freedom to establish truck transport companies resulted with many anomalies, as it enabled, for instance, the use of trucks in poor technical condition. New regulations in insurance law, which lifted mandatory insurance of production assets against damage from natural disasters, meant that many entrepreneurs decided not to have this insurance. Such was the shape of the economic reality in the first years of the transition, between 1989 and 1995. The state did not want to regulate all aspects of economic life. However, as time went by, politicians and MPs received information from the free market, indicating a need for solutions regulating some sectors of the economy. This article discusses the three aspects of economic life mentioned above, and points out how the governmental and parliamentary strategies towards these aspects of economic life changed in the first years of transformation (1989-1995).
Pain, psychological distress and motor pattern in women with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) – symptom characteristics and therapy suggestions
Authors: Haugstad Gro Killi , Wojniusz Slawomir , Kirste Unni Merete , Kirschner Rolf Steinar , Lilleheie Ingvild , Haugstad Tor Sigbjørn 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background and aims:
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) represent a longstanding pain syndrome that affects large numbers of women worldwide. However, no standardized guidelines for PVD treatment exist. In a cross-sectional pilot study we examined 30 PVD patients on multidimensional parameters including pain, psychological distress and quality of movement, in order to obtain a broader understanding of the somatic and psychological symptoms in PVD, and for the future to develop better interventions. Additionally, we compare the findings to previously published results regarding the same parameters in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

Methods:
Thirty women with PVD recruited from a tertiary care university clinic of gynecology were assessed for demographic data, pain intensity (VAS), psychological distress (GHQ-30 and Tampa scale of Kinesophobia) and quality of movement (standardized Mensendieck test, SMT).

Results:
Average age of the PVD women was 24.7±3.60 years, 60% of them were in permanent relationships, all were nulliparous, none had been subjected to surgical procedures, 100% were working full or part time and 90% were educated to at least undergraduate level. Mean VAS score was 7.77±1.97 (mean±SD), kinesiophobia 24.4±3.95 and anxiety domain of GHQ-30 9.73±4.06. SMT scores were particularly low for the domains of respiration and gait (less than 50% of optimal scores).

Conclusions:
PVD women display reduced quality of movement, especially for gait and respiration patterns, increased level of anxiety and high average pain scores. These findings are similar to what we have previously reported in CPP patients. However, in contrast to CPP group, PVD women are on average younger, have higher work participation, higher education level and have not been subjected to surgical procedures.

Implications:
Since PVD women display similar, although somewhat less severe, symptom profile than CPP, we suggest that a multidimensional approach to treatment, such as “somatocognitive therapy” should be investigated in this group as it has previously been shown to be promising in treatment of CPP.
Ausmaß, Entwicklung und Ursachen sozialer Ungleichheit beim Promotionszugang zwischen 1989–2009
Authors: Jaksztat Steffen , Lörz Markus 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie sich herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede beim Promotionszugang im Zeitverlauf entwickelt haben und welche Ursachen möglichen Veränderungen zugrunde liegen. Vor dem Hintergrund kultureller Reproduktions- und rationaler Entscheidungsprozesse werden verschiedene Erklärungsansätze skizziert und hinsichtlich ihrer empirischen Evidenz betrachtet. Als Datenbasis dienen Hochschulabsolventenstudien der Kohorten 1989 bis 2009. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in allen Jahren bemerkenswerte Unterschiede nach sozialer Herkunft bestehen. Zudem finden sich Hinweise dafür, dass Ungleichheiten am Promotionsübergang im Zeitverlauf tendenziell zugenommen haben. Diese Zunahme ist offenbar vorwiegend auf ein verändertes Bildungsverhalten der weniger privilegierten Gruppen zurückzuführen. Insbesondere die Studienfachwahl, aber auch primäre Herkunftseffekte sowie eine stärkere Einbindung der privilegierten Gruppen in den Universitätsbetrieb in Form von Hilfskrafttätigkeiten scheinen zu zunehmenden Unterschieden geführt zu haben.
How working hours influence the life satisfaction of childless men and women, fathers and mothers in Germany
Authors: Schröder Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper uses the German Socio-Economic Panel to show that fathers – and to a lesser degree childless men and women, are most satisfied with life when working full-time or longer. In contrast, whether mothers spend more or less hours in employment hardly affects their life satisfaction. The rational maximization of income as postulated by family economics cannot explain these results, as they are even found in households where women earn more than men. Because they are also found among those who hold secure jobs and have very little household work and childcare duties, these results contradict the predictions by expansionist role theory that men and women are better off in egalitarian employment arrangements. The results change little over time, with cohorts or with educational group-membership. For men, the results therefore fit best with the predictions of traditional role theory, which suggests that people are most satisfied when adhering to stereotypical gender roles.
Halogens in the Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Gerdes Frauke , Klein Eugen , Kull Sascha , Ramin Moayed Mohammad Mehdi , Lesyuk Rostyslav , Klinke Christian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this review, we highlight the role of halogenated compounds in the colloidal synthesis of nanostructured semiconductors. Halogen-containing metallic salts used as precursors and halogenated hydrocarbons used as ligands allow stabilizing different shapes and crystal phases, and enable the formation of colloidal systems with different dimensionality. We summarize recent reports on the tremendous influence of these compounds on the physical properties of nanocrystals, like field-effect mobility and solar cell performance and outline main analytical methods for the nanocrystal surface control.
Synaptotagmin 7 Mediates Both Facilitation and Asynchronous Release at Granule Cell Synapses
Authors: Turecek Josef , Regehr Wade G. 
Published: March 2018

When an action potential invades a presynaptic terminal it evokes large, brief Ca2+signals that trigger vesicle fusion within milliseconds that is followed by a small residual Ca2+(Cares) signal. At many synapses Caresproduces synaptic facilitation that lasts up to hundreds of milliseconds and, although less common, Carescan also evoke asynchronous release (AR) that persists for tens of milliseconds. The properties of facilitation and AR are very different, which suggests that they are mediated by distinct mechanisms. However, recently it has been shown that the slow calcium sensor synaptotagmin 7 (Syt7) mediates facilitation at many synapses where AR does not occur, and conversely Syt7 can mediate AR without mediating facilitation. Here we study cerebellar granule cell synapses onto stellate cells and Purkinje cells in mice of both sexes to assess the role of Syt7 in these phenomena at the same synapse. This is of particular interest at granule cell synapses where AR is much more calcium dependent and shorter-lived than facilitation. We find that Syt7 can mediate these two processes despite their divergent properties. In Syt7 knock-out animals, facilitation and AR are smaller and shorter lived than in wild-type animals, even though the initial probability of release and Caressignals are unchanged. Although there are short-lived Syt7-independent mechanisms that mediate facilitation and AR in Syt7 KO animals, we find that at granule cell synapses AR and facilitation are both mediated primarily by Syt7.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAt synapses made by cerebellar granule cells, presynaptic activity elevates calcium for tens of milliseconds, which in turn evokes both asynchronous release (AR) and synaptic facilitation. AR is more calcium sensitive and shorter-lived than facilitation at these synapses, suggesting that they are mediated by different mechanisms. However, we find that the slow calcium sensor synaptotagmin 7 mediates both of these phenomena. Small, rapidly decaying components of AR and facilitation are present in Syt7 KO animals, indicating that additional mechanisms can contribute to both AR and facilitation at these synapses.
The Moderation Role of the Audit Committee Quality on the Effect of the Ownership Structure on Intellectual Capital Disclosures
Authors: Alifia Desi , Khafid Muhammad 
Published: March 2018

Intellectual capital is an intangible asset which is able to increase company’s value. Intellectual capital inherent to skill, knowledge and experience that can create competitive advantage for company. The purposes of this study are to analyze the effect of ownership structure (managerial ownership, institutional ownership, government ownership, foreign ownership with the quality of audit committee as moderating variable on intellectual capital. The population of this study is financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 until 2015. Samples are selected using purposive sampling method, and obtained 165 units as observations. Data was collected by documentation, and the analysis data is moderated regression analysis. The study found that managerial ownership has negative effect on intellectual capital disclosure. Government ownership and foreign ownership has positive effect on intellectual capital disclosure, and institutional ownership has not been proven to effect on intellectual capital disclosure. Then, the study also found that the quality of audit committee has significant effect as a moderating variable on the influence of institutional ownership, but it has not been proven to have a moderating effect on the influence of managerial ownership, government ownership and foreign ownership intellectual capital disclosure. The recommendation for further study is to use another technique such as questionnaires that is directly given to company for discovering the level of company’s intellectual capital disclosure. For the company, the limitation of managerial ownership can be used as a control to the company disclosure practice, and improve the role of audit committee to maximize disclosure practice in the company.
Fanconi Anemia FANCM/FNCM-1 and FANCD2/FCD-2 Are Required for Maintaining Histone Methylation Levels and Interact with the Histone Demethylase LSD1/SPR-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Kim Hyun-Min , Beese-Sims Sara E , Colaiácovo Monica P 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The histone demethylase LSD1 was originally discovered by removing methyl groups from di- and monomethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2/1). Several studies suggest that LSD1 plays roles in meiosis as well as in the epigenetic regulation of fertility given that, in its absence, there is evidence of a progressive accumulation of H3K4me2 and increased sterility through generations. In addition to the progressive sterility phenotype observed in the mutants, growing evidence for the importance of histone methylation in the regulation of DNA damage repair has attracted more attention to the field in recent years. However, we are still far from understanding the mechanisms by which histone methylation is involved in DNA damage repair, and only a few studies have focused on the roles of histone demethylases in germline maintenance. Here, we show that the histone demethylase LSD1/CeSPR-5 interacts with the Fanconi anemia (FA) protein FANCM/CeFNCM-1 using biochemical, cytological, and genetic analyses. LSD1/CeSPR-5 is required for replication stress-induced S phase-checkpoint activation, and its absence suppresses the embryonic lethality and larval arrest observed in fncm-1 mutants. FANCM/CeFNCM-1 relocalizes upon hydroxyurea exposure and colocalizes with FANCD2/CeFCD-2 and LSD1/CeSPR-5, suggesting coordination between this histone demethylase and FA components to resolve replication stress. Surprisingly, the FA pathway is required for H3K4me2 maintenance, regardless of the presence of replication stress. Our study reveals a connection between FA and epigenetic maintenance and therefore provides new mechanistic insight into the regulation of histone methylation in DNA repair.
Evaluation of Betulin and Betulinic Acid Content in Birch Bark from Different Forestry Areas of Western Carpathians
Authors: HOLONEC Liviu , RANGA Floricuta , CRAINIC Diana , TRUTA Alina , SOCACIU Carmen 
Published: March 2018

In order to evaluate the content of betulin and betulinic acids in Birch barks originating from Western Carpathians, TransylvaniaÂ (Romania) forests, in relation with the location of birch trees, it was recorded the geographic and vegetation conditions at the specificÂ locations of each type of sample. Two groups of birch tree bark (totally 10 samples) were collected, from two regions, pasture surfacesÂ where birch trees appeared spontaneously (samples 1 to 5) and another group from forests of combined trees, including mainly pineÂ trees (samples 6 to 10). The identification and quantitation of betulin and betulinic acid were made by High Performance LiquidÂ Chromatography with UV detection. In the first region it has been found mean concentrations of 126.85 Â± 12.56 mg/g betulin barkÂ while acid betulinic had average values of 12.78 Â± 1.26 mg/g bark. In the second region we found mean concentrations of 89.84 Â± 8.43Â mg/g betulin of bark while acid betulinic had average values of 10.60 Â± 0.97 mg/g bark. Statistically, significant differences were noticedÂ between the two regions, the first region being richer in these molecules. Generally, the percentage of betulinic acid was around 11.23%Â against betulin, higher in the second region, even the absolute concentrations were lower for both molecules. These data are usefulÂ indicators of the potential offered by birch bark sources found in Transylvania region, to obtain extracts enriched in betulin and betulinicÂ acid.
Qualitative Traits of Norway Spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] Depending on First-Order Branches: Evaluation in Comparative Trials
Authors: BUDEANU Marius , SOFLETEA Neculae , PARNUTA Gheorghe 
Published: March 2018

To establish the most important Norway spruce Romanian populations in order to improve the genetic value of future forests,Â open-pollinated progeny of ten plus trees originating from 33 Norway spruce seed sources were evaluated at the age of 30 years in twoÂ field trials established in different site conditions: outside (Avrig trial) versus natural range (BreÅ£cu trial) of Norway spruce in Romania.Â Evaluations have been made concerning the most important branches characteristics, influencing wood quality: Number of branchesÂ per whorl, dominant branch insertion angle, dominant branch diameter and branch finesse. Highly significant differences (p<0.001)Â were found among seed sources in both sites for all of the analyzed traits. The strong populations Ã— localities interaction show the highÂ spruce ability to react to the changing environmental conditions. Near-sites populations were placed in the first half of ranking. SmallerÂ values were recorded in the Avrig trial than in the BreÅ£cu trial for the number of branches per whorl (4.5%) and branches finesse (5.1%).Â The populations from the Eastern Carpathians stand out by showing sustained growth and superior wood quality, while the populationsÂ from the Western Romanian Carpathians generally have smaller differences between the mean values of analysed traits in both field trials.Â Simultaneous improvement of the spruce following quantitative and qualitative traits pending on the number of branches per whorl andÂ branches diameter is contraindicated. The two-stage selection strategy seems to be applicable in this case.
The Influence of Weather Conditions During Vegetation Period on Yielding of Twelve Determinate Tomato Cultivars
Authors: JEDRSZCZYK Elzbieta , SKOWERA Barbara , KOPCINSKA Joanna , AMBROSZCZYK Anna M. 
Published: March 2018

Tomato yield and biomass growth are closely linked to climatic conditions during vegetation period. Low temperatures and highÂ precipitation in summer constitute the main cause of the large variability of field tomato yielding contributing to worsen the qualityÂ of the yield. The aim of the investigation was determining the influence of meteorological basic components in the growing seasonÂ of the tomato to total and marketable yield of twelve determinate cultivars. Experiment took place in the open field in the VegetableÂ Experimental Station of Agricultural University of Mydlniki near Cracow in the years 2008 - 2010. A different sensitivity of examinedÂ tomato cultivars to the course of weather conditions was stated. â€˜Ondraszekâ€™ cultivar get the highest marketable yield in all years ofÂ investigation what indicate the most adaptation to variable weather conditions and cultivars â€˜Hetmanâ€™, â€˜Hubalâ€™ and â€˜Babiniczâ€™ were theÂ least adaptated and they gave the lowest yield. Analysis of the influence of weather condition on total and marketable yield of twelveÂ determine tomato cultivars showed, that the sum and distribution of precipitation were decisive. High precipitations decreased total andÂ marketable yield, whereas frequent and lower precipitations influenced favorable. Since from the third stage, i.e., the beginning of fruitsÂ setting to the beginning of ripening, a larger impact of meteorological factors on marketable than total yield had been observed. In theÂ fruits ripening stage a marketable yield depended only on sum of temperatures.