bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmed cell death‐1 3′‐untranslated region polymorphism is associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Chihab Hajar , Jadid Fatima‐Zahra , Foka Pelagia , Zaidane Imane , El Fihry Raouia , Georgopoulou Urania , Marchio Agnes , Elhabazi Abdellah , Chair Mohammed , Pineau Pascal , Ezzikouri Sayeh , Benjelloun Soumaya 
Published: July 2018

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐specific CD8+ T cells play an important role in the clearance of HBV infection. Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1), an immunosuppressive molecule that regulates T‐cell activation and peripheral immune tolerance, is increasingly shown to influence the outcome of HBV infection. rs10204525, a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of PD‐1, has been associated with susceptibility and disease progression of chronic HBV infection in far‐eastern patients. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of rs10204525 variation on HBV infection in Moroccan patients. A total of 236 patients with chronic HBV infection and 134 individuals with spontaneous HBV resolution were genotyped using a Taqman assay. In addition, PD‐1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood nuclear cells was determined by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. We found that the AA genotype is protective (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.19 to 0.97; P = 0.038) against HBV infection. Interestingly, PD‐1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis has revealed that chronic HBV carriers with GG and GA displayed higher levels of PD‐1 mRNA compared with corresponding genotypes in resolved subjects (P = 0.031 and 0.014, respectively). Our data suggest that Mediterranean HBV‐infected patients carrying PD‐1 GG and GA genotypes at rs10204525 have high PD‐1 mRNA expression and may be more prone to installation of chronicity.
Fate of phosphorus in soil during a long‐term fertilization experiment in Finland
Authors: Rodríguez Ignacio González , Yli-Halla Markku , Jaakkola Antti 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccumulation and depletion of soil phosphorus (P) was studied in a long‐term (37 y) field experiment in Southern Finland. The loam soil had a high pH (7.5–7.7) due to an earlier liming. Spring barley, spring wheat, oat, and ryegrass, grown in rotation, were annually fertilized with 0, 32, or 67 kg P ha−1 y−1 (P0, P1, and P2K) and sufficient N. The average dry matter grain yield 2,600 kg ha−1 of the P0 plots increased by about 500 kg ha−1 at P1 treatment and another 600 kg ha−1 by P2K. Soil samples were collected in 1978 (beginning), 1995, 2005, and 2015. According to the Chang and Jackson sequential extraction, the P2K and P1 treatments increased the inorganic soil P by 732 and 32 kg P ha −1 in 37 years, respectively, while the P0 plots were depleted by –459 kg P ha −1. The P2K treatment increased all four P fractions, extracted with NH4Cl (easily soluble), NH4F (Al‐P), NaOH (Fe‐P), and H2SO4 (Ca‐P). Continuous depletion (P0) decreased the NH4Cl‐P and NH4F‐P pools, NaOH‐P and H2SO4‐P pools remaining stable. None of the P pools changed significantly at P1. The remarkable gap between the measured change and the balance for the P2K and P1 treatments cannot be explained solely by lateral soil movement, meaning that a significant proportion of the applied P was lost either in surface runoff or transported below the investigated depth of 40 cm. Despite large P applications, the degree of P saturation reached only 20% in the P2K topsoil, assuming a 50% reactivity of Fe and Al oxides. As derived from sorption isotherms, a high EPC0 (i.e., equilibrium P concentration at zero net P sorption or desorption) of 1.30 mg L−1 had been built up in the P2K treatment, while in the P1 treatment EPC0 (0.33 mg L−1) had remained unchanged and P depletion (P0) had caused a decrease to 0.12 mg L−1. These results demonstrate that P sorption and desorption properties respond strongly to both P fertilization and null fertilization treatments and that in a long‐term field experiment only a low proportion of the residual fertilizer P can be recovered from soil.
Fermented goat milk consumption improves cardiovascular health during anemia recovery
Authors: Muñoz Alférez Mª José , Muñoz‐García Alberto , Moreno‐Fernández Jorge , López‐Aliaga Inmaculada , Díaz‐Castro Javier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIron (Fe) plays a crucial role in several fundamental processes, including erythropoiesis, cellular metabolism, and in cardiovascular disease. The aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the physiology of and recovery from Fe deficiency by studying how fermented milk consumption affects vascular biomarkers during Fe repletion.RESULTSThe deleterious cardiovascular biomarkers cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), interleukin‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator 1 total, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP‐1), tumor necrosis factor alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), sE‐selectin, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1) decreased after fermented goat milk consumption in groups of fed animals either with normal Fe or Fe overload with respect to rats fed with fermented cow milk. The beneficial cardiovascular biomarkers caveolin‐1 and adiponectin were higher in both control and anemic rats fed fermented goat milk either with normal Fe or Fe overload with respect to fermented cow milk. Anemia decreased TIMP‐1 in rats fed fermented goat milk with Fe overload, whereas there was increased CTGF and MCP‐1 in animals fed fermented cow milk with either normal or Fe overload. In addition, Fe overload increased VEGF.CONCLUSIONFermented goat milk consumption improves hematological status and promotes beneficial metabolic responses, which may attenuate cardiovascular risk factors during anemia recovery and iron overload to lessen the inflammatory response, macrophages activation and atherosclerosis development. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating the effect of diffuse and point source nutrient transfers on water quality in the Kombolcha River Basin, an industrializing Ethiopian catchment
Authors: Zinabu Eskinder , Kelderman Peter , van der Kwast Johannes , Irvine Kenneth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany catchments in sub‐Saharan Africa are subject to multiple pressures, and addressing only point sources from industry does not resolve more widespread diffuse pollution from sediment and nutrient loads. This paper reports on a preliminary study of nutrient transfers into rivers in two catchments in the industrializing city of Kombolcha, North Central Ethiopia. Sampling of rivers and industrial effluents was done over two sampling periods in the wet season of 2013 and 2014. Catchments boundaries and land use map were generated from remote sensing and ground data. Higher total nitrogen (TN) concentrations were found from sub‐catchments with largest agricultural land use, whereas highest total phosphorus (TP) was associated with sub‐catchments with hilly landscapes and forest lands. Emissions from brewery and meat processing were rich in nutrients (median TN: 21–44 mg L−1; TP: 20–58 mg L−1) but contributed on average only 10% (range 4–80%) of the TN and 13% (range 3–25%) of the TP loads. Nutrient concentrations in the rivers exceeded environmental quality standards for aquatic life protection, irrigation, and livestock water supply. In Ethiopia, more than 85% of farmers operate on less than 2 ha of land, with concomitant pressure for more intensive farming. Land is exclusively owned by the State, reducing a sense of land stewardship. As the City of Kombolcha moves to agricultural intensification and increased industrialization, attention is needed to fill gaps in monitoring of nutrient pollution in rivers and use information to reconcile development with land use and its degradation.
Single blowup point for a semilinear reaction‐diffusion system
Authors: Zhang Zhengce , Huang Yaodan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThroughout this paper, we investigate the blowup set for the semilinear reaction‐diffusion system
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201400335:mana201400335-math-0001where and . The initial data and are positive, radially symmetric and decreasing. Under certain assumptions on f and g, we prove that the solution of this system blows up only at the origin. The proof is based on the Friedman–McLeod method, comparison principle and semigroup method.
Complex interpolation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the half line
Authors: Lindemulder Nick , Meyries Martin , Veraar Mark 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe prove results on complex interpolation of vector‐valued Sobolev spaces over the half‐line with Dirichlet boundary condition. Motivated by applications in evolution equations, the results are presented for Banach space‐valued Sobolev spaces with a power weight. The proof is based on recent results on pointwise multipliers in Bessel potential spaces, for which we present a new and simpler proof as well. We apply the results to characterize the fractional domain spaces of the first derivative operator on the half line.
There are eight‐element orthogonal exponentials on the spatial Sierpinski gasket
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Jian‐Lin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe self‐affine measure corresponding to an expanding matrix and the digit set in the space is supported on the spatial Sierpinski gasket, where are the standard basis of unit column vectors in and . In the case and , it is conjectured that the cardinality of orthogonal exponentials in the Hilbert space is at most “4”, where the number 4 is the best upper bound. That is, all the four‐element sets of orthogonal exponentials are maximal. This conjecture has been proved to be false by giving a class of the five‐element orthogonal exponentials in . In the present paper, we construct a class of the eight‐element orthogonal exponentials in the corresponding Hilbert space to disprove the conjecture. We also illustrate that the constructed sets of orthogonal exponentials are maximal.
New Einstein–Randers metrics on some homogeneous manifolds
Authors: Tan Ju , Xu Na 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, we find several new non‐Riemannian Einstein–Randers metrics on some homogeneous manifolds arising from the exceptional Lie groups. Based on the discussions about generalized flag manifolds with second Betti number , we firstly prove that there exists Riemannian Einstein metrics on these homogeneous manifolds. Then, we prove that there exists non‐Riemannian Einstein–Randers metrics on these homogeneous manifolds.
Frequency of HLA‐DQ, susceptibility genotypes for celiac disease, in Brazilian newborns
Authors: Almeida Fernanda C. , Gandolfi Lenora , Costa Karina N. , Picanço Marilucia R. A. , Almeida Lucas M. , Nóbrega Yanna K. M. , Pratesi Riccardo , Pratesi Claudia B. , Selleski Nicole 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of HLA‐DQ2 and DQ8 predisposing genotypes for celiac disease (CD) has shown significant variation among different world regions and has not been previously determined among the highly interbred Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of these genotypes among Brazilian newborns (NB).MethodsWe typed DQA1*05 ‐ DQB1*02 (DQ2.5) and DQA1*03 ‐ DQB1*03:02 (DQ8) alleles in 329 NB using qPCR technique. Subsequently we confirmed our results by PCR‐SSP using a reference kit which further identified DQ2.2 (DQA1*02:01 ‐ DQB1*02).ResultsAmong the 329 NB, using qPCR technique: 5 (1.52%) carried both DQ2.5 and DQ8 variants; 58 (17.63%) carried only DQ2.5 (DQA1*05 and DQB1*02) and 47 (14.29%) carried only the DQ8 (DQA1*03 and DQB1*03:02) variant. The use of the PCR‐SSP method yielded further information; among the 329 samples: 34 (10.34%) tested positive for DQ2.2 and among the 47 previously DQ8 positives samples, we found 10 (3.04%) that also tested positives for DQ2.2.Conclusion43.7% of the analyzed individual tested positive for at least one of the CD predisposing HLA‐DQ genotypes in our group of Brazilian NB. The highest frequency was found for DQ2.5 positive subjects (17.6%) followed by DQ8 (11.3%); DQ2.2 (10.3%); DQ8 and DQ2.2 (3.0%); DQ2.5 and DQ8 (1.5%). We found no positive sample for DQ2.5 associated with DQ2.2.
Relationships between healthcare staff characteristics and the conduct of vital signs observations at night: Results of a survey and factor analysis
Authors: Recio‐Saucedo Alejandra , Maruotti Antonello , Griffiths Peter , Smith Gary B , Meredith Paul , Westwood Greta , Fogg Carole , Schmidt Paul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the association of healthcare staff with factors relevant to completing observations at night.DesignOnline survey conducted with registered nurses, midwives, healthcare support staff and student nurses who had worked at least one night shift in a National Health Service hospital in England.MethodsExploratory factor analysis and mixed effects regression model adjusting for role, number of night shifts worked, experience and shift patterns.ResultsSurvey items were summarized into four factors: (a) workload and resources; (b) prioritization; (c) safety culture; (d) responsibility and control. Staff experience and role were associated with conducting surveillance tasks. Nurses with greater experience associated workload and resources with capacity to complete work at night. Responses of student nurses and midwives showed higher propensity to follow the protocol for conducting observations. Respondents working night shifts either exclusively or occasionally perceived that professional knowledge rather than protocol guided care tasks during night shifts.
Immune profiles of desmoplastic small round cell tumor and synovial sarcoma suggest different immunotherapeutic susceptibility upfront compared to relapse specimens
Authors: Wedekind Mary Frances , Haworth Kellie B. , Arnold Michael , Stanek Joseph R. , Lee Dean , Cripe Timothy P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) and synovial sarcoma are rare tumors with dismal outcomes requiring new therapeutic strategies. Immunotherapies have shown promise in several cancer types, but have not been evaluated in DSRCT and synovial sarcoma. Because the immune microenvironment can provide indications of the inflammatory nature of tumors, immunohistochemical staining is able to assess the tumor immune infiltrates in both tumor types.ProcedureUsing tissue microarrays of DSRCT and synovial sarcoma tumor samples, we detected tumoral HLA‐A/B/C, beta‐2‐microglobulin(B2M), and PD‐L1 expression, and quantified tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes expressing CD4, CD8, CD56, CD45RO, or FOXP3 by immunohistochemistry. We used staining intensity on a scale of 0–3 and percentage of tumor stained to determine HLA, B2M, and PD‐L1 scores. We calculated the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) target score as HLA score × B2M score/100.ResultsIn diagnostic samples, we found high HLA and CTL target scores and low PD‐L1 expression with decreased scores in recurrence for both tumor types. We found an increase in CD56+ natural killer cells in DSRCT samples from diagnosis to recurrence.ConclusionsWe found similar immunostimulatory profiles in DSRCT and synovial sarcoma. Our findings suggest that DSRCT and synovial sarcoma may be amenable to immunotherapies, albeit there was significant heterogeneity. Interestingly, HLA and CTL target scores decreased at recurrence, possibly reflecting immunoevasion. Our findings suggest both tumor types may be amendable to CTL‐based therapies at diagnosis but less so at relapse. Our results support further investigation into the prognostic and predictive value of these findings in a larger dataset.
Carboplatin and vincristine neurotoxicity in the treatment of pediatric low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Rosca Lorena , Robert‐Boire Viviane , Delisle Jean‐François , Samson Yvan , Perreault Sébastien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPediatric low‐grade gliomas (LGG) represent 30‐50% of central nervous system pediatric tumors. Over the last decades, the combination of carboplatin and vincristine (CV) has become the first line of treatment in most centers. In a large clinical trial where the efficacy of CV was compared to another regimen, 19% presented grade III neurotoxicity. Despite the fact that CV therapy is widely used for pediatric patients with LGG, no study has reported detailed neurological adverse events and outcome with this treatment regimen. The purpose of this retrospective study is to better understand neurotoxicity associated with CV.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective study to better evaluate the incidence and evolution of neurotoxicity associated with CV in patients with LGG.ResultsTwenty‐one pediatric patients were treated with CV at our single institution over 16 years. Most patients had optic glioma. Peripheral neuropathy was present in most patients (86%). Eight patients (38%) had a dose reduction of vincristine due to grade III toxicity (three motor neuropathies, three sensory neuropathies, one constipation, and one dysphagia). Most neurotoxicity occurred during induction or the first maintenance cycle. No ototoxicity was observed during treatment or follow‐up.ConclusionsIn our study, neurotoxicity with vincristine occurred two times more frequently than in previously published literature. Careful neurological assessment is important to detect neurotoxicity, especially during induction. The high incidence of neurotoxicity should be considered when selecting a chemotherapy regimen for pediatric LGG.
Powers of Hamilton cycles in random graphs and tight Hamilton cycles in random hypergraphs
Authors: Nenadov Rajko , Škorić Nemanja 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe show that for every there exists C > 0 such that if then asymptotically almost surely the random graph contains the kth power of a Hamilton cycle. This determines the threshold for appearance of the square of a Hamilton cycle up to the logarithmic factor, improving a result of Kühn and Osthus. Moreover, our proof provides a randomized quasi‐polynomial algorithm for finding such powers of cycles. Using similar ideas, we also give a randomized quasi‐polynomial algorithm for finding a tight Hamilton cycle in the random k‐uniform hypergraph for . The proofs are based on the absorbing method and follow the strategy of Kühn and Osthus, and Allen et al. The new ingredient is a general Connecting Lemma which allows us to connect tuples of vertices using arbitrary structures at a nearly optimal value of p. Both the Connecting Lemma and its proof, which is based on Janson's inequality and a greedy embedding strategy, might be of independent interest.
Chemical discrimination of multilayered paint cross sections for potential forensic applications using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Muramoto Shin , Gillen Greg , Windsor Eric S. 
Published: July 2018

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) equipped with a bismuth imaging source and an argon gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) was used to image polished cross‐sections of four automotive multilayer paint samples. Secondary ion mass spectrometry chemical imaging of the individual layers was possible after a GCIB sputter ion dose of (7 × 1015) ions/cm2 was applied for the removal of polishing residue, at which point the chemical composition of the individual clear coats could be distinguished using principal components analysis. For the differentiation of the four clear coat chemistries, only four secondary ion peaks were necessary; C2H5O+ (m/z 45.04), C9H9NO2+ (m/z 163.09), and C10H11NO2+ (m/z 177.10) that appeared to be fragments of the carbamate‐based clear coat, and C7H11+ (m/z 95.09) that was strongly associated with the polyurethane‐based clear coat. Clear identification of the four paint samples based on this short peak list highlights the strength of the SIMS technique as a potential forensic approach to discriminate automotive paints and suggests that many more variables could be included in the multivariate and statistical analysis to differentiate a wider range of clear coat chemistries.
Conductivity Maximum in 3D Graphene Foams
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Chao , Tang Qiheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn conventional foams, electrical properties often play a secondary role. However, this scenario becomes different for 3D graphene foams (GrFs). In fact, one of the motivations for synthesizing 3D GrFs is to inherit the remarkable electrical properties of individual graphene sheets. Despite immense experimental efforts to study and improve the electrical properties of 3D GrFs, lack of theoretical studies and understanding limits further progress. The causes to this embarrassing situation are identified as the multiple freedoms introduced by graphene sheets and multiscale nature of this problem. In this article, combined with transport modeling and coarse‐grained molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, a theoretical framework is established to systematically study the electrical conducting properties of 3D GrFs with or without deformation. In particular, through large‐scale and massive calculations, a general relation between contact area and conductance for two van der Waals bonded graphene sheets is demonstrated, in terms of which the conductivity maximum phenomenon in GrFs is first theoretically proposed and its competition mechanism is explained. Moreover, the theoretical prediction is consistent with previous experimental observations.
Understanding weather and climate of the last 300 years from ships' logbooks
Authors: García‐Herrera Ricardo , Barriopedro David , Gallego David , Mellado‐Cano Javier , Wheeler Dennis , Wilkinson Clive 
Published: July 2018

Ships' logbooks have been preserved in archives of different European countries. This paper reviews how their records provide reliable information relevant to meteorology and climatology, extending the observational record back to at least the early 18th century. This allows describing weather during historical events, improving the knowledge on hurricanes or unveiling multidecadal variability previously unsuspected, such as the steady enhancement of the Australian monsoon, the high variability of the atmospheric circulation over the Euro‐Atlantic region during the Late Maunder Minimum or the relationship between the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon and the El Niño—Southern Oscillation. Observations from ships can feed long‐term reanalysis projects and contribute to reduce their uncertainties over the oceans. The extended record of observations also aids the search of analogues before the human fingerprint, thus improving the detection and attribution of climate change. The integration with paleoclimate proxies is a complex task that requires merging heterogeneous records with a wide range of time resolutions, spatial density, and responses to the climate system. However, recent international efforts open the field to new opportunities. Summing up, logbooks are a consistent, but underexploited, source of relevant climatic data that will widen our knowledge of the past climate. This in turn provides a way to better understand present climatic variations and predict future changes.This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change