bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the innovation value chain in strategic projects of the Brazilian Army
Authors: Ramalho Tarso Souza , Tarraco Elisangela Lazarou , Yokomizo Cesar Akira , Bernardes Roberto Carlos 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and compare seven case studies of strategic innovation projects of the Brazilian army; these projects present high transformational potential and high investments and are supported by technology and science policies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present herein multiple case studies in which the authors conduct a documentary analysis of the innovation processes in the Brazilian army, as well as semi-structured interviews conducted with eight servicemen with more than 15 years of working experience.FindingsThe results obtained suggest that the innovation process occurs in four stages: creation, selection, development and diffusion of ideas.Practical implicationsThe research is relevant because it presents how the interaction between the Brazilian army, companies and academia strengthens the innovation ecosystem, stimulating the development of best practices for the management of strategic projects.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is to present the strategic project management of innovation based on public policies and investment in projects of the Brazilian army, which are drivers for the development of ecosystems that promote the creation and expansion of companies, the diffusion of technological knowledge in universities, and suitable solutions for the military sector.
Influence of thermal properties on residual stresses in SLM of aerospace alloys
Authors: Yakout Mostafa , Elbestawi M.A. , Veldhuis S.C. , Nangle-Smith S. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Residual stresses are induced during selective laser melting (SLM) because of rapid melting, solidification and build plate removal. This paper aims to examine the thermal cycle, residual stresses and part distortions for selected aerospace materials (i.e. Ti-6Al-4V, stainless steel 316L and Invar 36) using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The numerical results are validated and compared to experimental data.

Design/methodology/approach
The model predicts the residual stress and part distortion after build plate removal. The residual stress field is validated using X-ray diffraction method and the part distortion is validated using dimensional measurements.

Findings
The trends found in the numerical results agree with those found experimentally. Invar 36 had the lowest tensile residual stresses because of its lowest coefficient of thermal expansion. The residual stresses of stainless steel 316L were lower than those of Ti-6Al-4V because of its high thermal diffusivity.

Research limitations/implications
The model predicts residual stresses at the optimal SLM process parameters. However, using any other process conditions could cause void formation and/or alloying element vaporization, which would require the inclusion of melt pool physics in the model.

Originality/value
The paper explains the influence of the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal diffusivity on the induced thermal stresses using experimental and numerical results. The methodology can be used to predict the part distortions and residual stresses in complex designs of any of the three materials under optimal SLM process parameters.
Treatment and outcomes at Takiwasi Center, a Peruvian therapeutic community: identifying patient-related indicators
Authors: Defelippe Victoria , Schlütter Anna , Meriaan Annelen , Winkens Bjorn , Kavenská Veronika , Saucedo Rojas Gary , Politi Matteo 
Published: September 2019

PurposeSubstance abuse is a major public health concern, with over millions of people suffering from it worldwide. Although there is an abundance of treatment options, many of these rehabilitative trajectories are subject to “drop-out”. In addition, “drop-out” is a significant risk factor for relapse. There is an urgent demand for effective treatment, which would enable patients to reduce abuse and prevent relapse. Takiwasi is an addiction treatment centre that combines traditional Amazonian plant medicine with conventional western medicine and psychotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether socio-demographics factors, such as education level and occupation, psychiatric comorbidities and primary drug use, are associated with treatment non-completion of Ayahuasca (AYA)-assisted addiction therapy.Design/methodology/approachData on the first treatment episode of 121 patients were collected from the patient database from the years 2012 to 2017. To determine whether there is an association between the variables of interest and treatment non-completion, aχ2analysis and a logistic regression analysis were performed.FindingsOf the 121 patients analysed, 48.2 per cent completed their treatment, whilst 51.8 per cent did not. Students compared to those who are employed showed significantly higher odds for treatment non-completion (p=0.006; OR=3.7; 95% CI=1.5–9.6). Other variables in the multivariable analysis showed no significant relationship with treatment non-completion. While several limitations restricted the study, the findings suggest that the AYA-assisted treatment in Takiwasi may benefit from additional support for patients who are students. Moreover, it is advised to conduct more long-term follow-up of patients in order to gain better insight into the outcome of treatment at an AYA-assisted treatment centre.Originality/valueIt appears that AYA-assisted therapy in a therapeutic community is a feasible type of treatment for addiction, for which further studies should elucidate the role of motivation in relation to socio-demographic factors and type of addiction in the risk of treatment non-completion.
Clinicopathological differentiation between Pityrosporum folliculitis and acneiform eruption
Authors: An Min Kyun , Hong Eun Hye , Cho Eun Byul , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Kwang Joong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDistinguishing between Malassezia folliculitis (Pityrosporum folliculitis [P. folliculitis]) and acneiform eruption, based on clinicopathological features, is challenging for clinicians. In the literature, the histopathological differences between P. folliculitis and acneiform eruption lesions have been poorly described. We aimed to determine the clinicopathologic distinctions between P. folliculitis and acneiform eruption by retrospectively analyzing the histology of hematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections obtained from 52 patients diagnosed with these lesions. The presence of fungal spores in the follicular lumen was most consistent with a P. folliculitis diagnosis (P < 0.001). However, intrafollicular inflammation (P = 0.009), irregular patterns of keratin plugging (P = 0.008), and nuclear dust in the follicular lumen (P < 0.001) favored an acneiform eruption diagnosis. These intrafollicular characteristics and inflammatory differences are believed to be caused by necrotic keratinocytes that lead to vacuolar changes in the follicular wall (P = 0.013). We did not observe any difference between P. folliculitis and acneiform eruption lesions in terms of perifollicular inflammatory cell infiltration. Our study demonstrated that significant differences exist between P. folliculitis and acneiform eruption lesions relative to the presence of necrotic keratinocytes in the follicular wall, intrafollicular characteristics, and inflammatory cell infiltrations. Necrotic keratinocytes are believed to have a key role in these differences. These findings may contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of P. folliculitis and acneiform eruption.
Sirolimus therapy for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Wang Zuopeng , Yao Wei , Sun Hongqiang , Dong Kuiran , Ma Yangyang , Chen Lian , Zheng Shan , Li Kai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors have shown promising results in the management of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE). The purpose of this study was to present our experience involving sirolimus therapy for KHE. A retrospective study was conducted to review the medical documents of 26 patients with KHE who were treated with sirolimus at our hospital between March 2012 and December 2016. Fifteen males and 11 females manifested KHE in infancy with an average age of 2.9 ± 1.8 months. Multiple anatomical sites were involved. Four patients had multifocal lesions, while 22 patients had solitary lesions. Twenty‐five patients had Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP). Twenty patients completed sirolimus therapy in 28.3 ± 12.5 months. Nineteen KHE lesions reduced to small residuals with platelet counts reaching normal levels 3.7 ± 2.8 weeks after treatment; one KHE lesion had no response to therapy. One patient with multifocal lesions died due to a severe infection, although the patient had previously responded to sirolimus. Five patients remained in treatment and had good responses with normal platelet counts. Nineteen patients with anemia had normal hemoglobin levels after 3.5 ± 1.9 weeks of treatment. Mild side effects were observed. The median follow‐up time was 32 months (26–60 months), with no evidence of recurrences. Sirolimus was shown to be efficacious in the management of KHE with an average course of 28 months. The time‐to‐response was variable, with an average of 1 week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the platelet count and hemoglobin level had normalized. Multifocal KHE with KMP is more severe than solitary KHE.
Diffraction imaging using an adaptive phase filter
Authors: Li Chuangjian , Peng Suping , Zhao Jingtao , Cui Xiaoqin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAs an ideal carrier of high‐resolution information, seismic diffraction can be used to clarify and locate small‐scale discontinuities or inhomogeneities in the subsurface. However, a diffraction is weak and thus be suppressed by the specular reflection. Furthermore, a diffraction would be destroyed by the conventional imaging method due to the polarity reversal of diffraction. In this paper, we analyse the behaviour of diffraction and reflection. For the image point on a horizontal or oblique reflector, the zone on both sides of the stationary point has the same energy after using a cosine weight function. Based on the behaviour, we propose the adaptive phase filter to adjust the polarity of the energy on both sides, and calculate it through the illumination angle and the reflector dip angle. This method avoids the calculation of the Fresnel zones and can further suppress residual reflection that disturb the diffraction images. Synthetic and field data applications show that the desired imaging results can be obtained by the proposed method. The test results demonstrate that the method is efficient in detecting small‐scale discontinuities or inhomogeneities in the subsurface and can provide high‐resolution information for seismic interpretation.
Effects of different abiotic and biotic factors on spatial primary seed dispersal in the semachorous species Scrophularia canina
Authors: Rodríguez‐Riaño Tomás , Pérez‐Bote José L. , López Josefa , Mayo Carlos , Valtueña Francisco J. , González Miguel , Ortega‐Olivencia Ana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeed dispersal is one of the most important steps in the plant life cycle. However, there is, generally, a lack of fieldworks focused on wind dispersal and especially on semachorous dispersal (seeds spread when the fruits are shaken by wind and other vectors, such as animals), including boleochorous dispersal. Therefore, we aimed to determine how different types of wind and animals affected seed dispersal under natural conditions in the widespread species Scrophularia canina. We evaluated the effects of wind gusts (simulating them using a leaf blower) and wild animals (using differently sized dogs) on seed dispersal in a population located in south‐western Europe. We found that S. canina is a semachorous species, and its spatial seed dispersal was affected by wind gust speed and direction, plant structure and vector type. The results also revealed the presence of xerochasy, individual anisotropy with strong winds, and primary short‐distance dispersal associated with successional processes independent of the vector. Additionally, there was a masking effect of plant structure on the seed shadow outline. It is essential to conduct fieldworks to reveal what actually happens in nature, taking into account the characteristics determining seed dispersal. In addition, in these works it is important to find out what factors affect seed distributions of anemochorous and semachorous species.
Deaths While under Probation Supervision: What Role for Human Rights Legislation?
Authors: Phillips Jake , Gelsthorpe Loraine , Padfield Nicola 
Published: September 2019

AbstractArticle 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that ‘everyone has the right to life’. This right is contained in all human rights treaties that developed from the UDHR, including the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Yet, as we argue, the UK government is failing to protect this right when it comes to certain groups of people under probation supervision. To date, human rights legislation has failed adequately to protect these vulnerable individuals and to hold the state to account. This article explores the greater potential for using human rights legislation to ensure better accountability in this area.
Restoring Trust in Finance: From Principal–Agent to Principled Agent
Authors: Menzies Gordon , Hay Donald , Simpson Thomas , Vines David 
Published: September 2019

Banking solves the principal–agent problem with incentive contracts which assume a Homo Economicus representative agent. However, professions can solve the principal–agent problem by assuming a ‘Reasonable Person’ representative agent, from tort law, who reliably tells the truth about hidden action. We describe a non‐virtuous circle in finance, which is a negative feedback loop between motivation crowding out arising from incentive contracts, and the subsequent need to offer incentive contacts because agents change from the Reasonable Person to Homo Economicus. We prescribe less reliance on incentive contracts in the practice of finance, and on Homo Economicus in the theory of finance.
Oral prescription opioid‐seeking behavior in male and female mice
Authors: Phillips Alysabeth G. , McGovern Dillon J. , Lee Soo , Ro Kyu , Huynh David T. , Elvig Sophie K. , Fegan Katelynn N. , Root David H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA significant portion of prescription opioid users self‐administer orally rather than intravenously. Animal models of opioid addiction have demonstrated that intravenous cues are sufficient to cause drug seeking. However, intravenous models may not characterize oral users, and the preference to self‐administer orally appears to be partially influenced by the user's sex. Our objectives were to determine whether oral opioid‐associated cues are sufficient for relapse and whether sex differences exist in relapse susceptibility. Mice orally self‐administered escalating doses of oxycodone under postprandial (prefed) or non‐postprandial (no prefeeding) conditions. Both sexes demonstrated cue‐induced reinstatement following abstinence. In separate mice, we found that oral oxycodone cues were sufficient to reinstate extinguished oral oxycodone‐seeking behavior following abstinence without prior postprandial or water self‐administration training. During self‐administration, we incidentally found that female mice earned significantly more mg/kg oxycodone than male mice. Follow‐up studies indicated sex differences in psychomotor stimulation and plasma oxycodone/oxymorphone following oral oxycodone administration. In addition, gonadal studies were performed in which we found divergent responses where ovariectomy‐enhanced and orchiectomy‐suppressed oral self‐administration. While the suppressive effects of orchiectomy were identified across doses and postprandial conditions, the enhancing effects of ovariectomy were selective to non‐postprandial conditions. These studies establish that (a) oral drug cues are sufficient to cause reinstatement that is independent of prandial conditions and water‐seeking behavior, (b) earned oral oxycodone is larger in female mice compared with male mice potentially through differences in psychomotor stimulation and drug metabolism, and (c) gonadectomy produces divergent effects on oral oxycodone self‐administration between sexes.
Psoriasis precipitated by timolol eye drops. A series of eight cases
Authors: Mir‐Bonafé Juan Francisco , Rozas‐Muñoz Eduardo , Pedemonte‐Sarrias Eduard , Mir‐Bonafé Marc , Mir‐Bonafé Jose María , Piquero‐Casals Jaime , Puig Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInduction of psoriasis following administration of beta blocker containing eye drops has rarely been documented. We report eight cases of psoriasis triggered by timolol eye drops. Since the clinical and histopathological features of this drug reaction are indistinguishable from those of idiopathic psoriasis, a thorough drug history should be taken in all patients, especially elderly ones, with recent onset of psoriasis.
Old teaching tools should not be forgotten: The value of the Lewis ladder diagram in understanding bigeminal rhythms
Authors: Antiperovitch Pavel , Bayés de Luna Antoni , Nunes de Alencar José , García‐Niebla Javier , Escobar‐Robledo Luis Alberto , Restrepo Danilo Weir , Aristizabal David , Massó van Roessel Albert , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Baranchuk Adrián 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs medical education evolves, some traditional teaching methods often get forgotten. For generations, the Lewis ladder diagram (LLD) has helped students understand the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disorders. Similarly, clinicians have used LLDs to communicate their proposed mechanisms to their colleagues and trainees. In this article, we revisit this technique of constructing the LLD and demonstrate this process by describing the mechanisms of various bigeminal rhythms.
Reproductive CRISPR does not cure disease
Authors: Rulli Tina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGiven recent advancements in CRISPR‐Cas9 powered genetic modification of gametes and embryos, both popular media and scientific articles are hailing CRISPR’s life‐saving, curative potential for people with serious monogenic diseases. But claims that CRISPR modification of gametes or embryos, a form of germline engineering, has therapeutic value are deeply mistaken. This article explains why reproductive uses of CRISPR, and germline engineering more generally, do not treat or save lives that would otherwise have a genetic disease. Reproductive uses of CRISPR create healthy people whose existence is not inevitable in the first place. Creating healthy lives has distinct and lesser moral value from saving or curing lives that would otherwise have genetic disease. The real value in reproductive uses of CRISPR is in helping a very limited population of people have healthy, genetically related children. This diminished value cannot compete with the concerns in opposition to germline engineering, nor is it worth the investment of research money.
Visualizing the Stability of 2D Point Sets from Dimensionality Reduction Techniques
Authors: Reinbold Christian , Kumpf Alexander , Westermann Rüdiger 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe usek‐order Voronoi diagrams to assess the stability ofk‐neighbourhoods in ensembles of 2D point sets, and apply it to analyse the robustness of a dimensionality reduction technique to variations in its input configurations. To measure the stability ofk‐neighbourhoods over the ensemble, we use cells in thek‐order Voronoi diagrams, and consider the smallest coverings of corresponding points in all point sets to identify coherent point subsets with similar neighbourhood relations. We further introduce a pairwise similarity measure for point sets, which is used to select a subset of representative ensemble members via the PageRank algorithm as an indicator of an individual member's value. The stability information is embedded into thek‐order Voronoi diagrams of the representative ensemble members to emphasize coherent point subsets and simultaneously indicate how stable they lie together in all point sets. We use the proposed technique for visualizing the robustness of t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding and multi‐dimensional scaling applied to high‐dimensional data in neural network layers and multi‐parameter cloud simulations.
Regulation of active and quiescent somatic stem cells by Notch signaling
Authors: Sueda Risa , Kageyama Ryoichiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSomatic stem/progenitor cells actively proliferate and give rise to different types of mature cells (active state) in embryonic tissues while they are mostly dormant (quiescent state) in many adult tissues. Notch signaling is known to regulate both active and quiescent states of somatic stem cells, but how it regulates these different states is unknown. Recent studies revealed that the Notch effector Hes1 is expressed differently during the active and quiescent states during neurogenesis and myogenesis: high in the quiescent state and oscillatory in the active state. When the Hes1 expression level is high, both Ascl1 and MyoD expression are continuously suppressed. By contrast, when Hes1 expression oscillates, it periodically represses expression of the neurogenic factor Ascl1 and the myogenic factor MyoD, thereby driving Ascl1 and MyoD oscillations. High levels of Hes1 and the resultant Ascl1 suppression promote the quiescent state of neural stem cells, while Hes1 oscillation‐dependent Ascl1 oscillations regulate their active state. Similarly, in satellite cells of muscles, known adult muscle stem cells, high levels of Hes1 and the resultant MyoD suppression seem to promote their quiescent state, while Hes1 oscillation‐dependent MyoD oscillations activate their proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, the expression dynamics of Hes1 is a key regulatory mechanism of generating and maintaining active/quiescent stem cell states.
Paediatric‐onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: first symptoms and presentation at diagnosis
Authors: Dozières‐Puyravel Blandine , Nasser Hala , Elmaleh‐Bergès Monique , Lopez Hernandez Elisa , Gelot Antoinette , Ilea Adina , Delanoë Catherine , Puech Jean‐Philippe , Caillaud Catherine , Pichard Samia , Auvin Stéphane 
Published: September 2019

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are rare, progressive disorders. Through this series of 20 patients with NCL, we illustrate differences between subtypes in their presenting symptoms and clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological results to raise awareness of symptom diversity. Data were available on presenting symptoms, genetics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (including with low‐frequency intermittent photic stimulation), visual responses, and electron microscopy. Causal mutations were identified in 10 patients. Eleven patients had neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 (CLN2) disease and their most common presenting symptom was seizures, although motor and language defects were also reported. Five patients with CLN2 disease showed abnormalities at initial MRI, but only three showed a photic response with low‐frequency stimulation. Seizures were not as common a presenting symptom in other NCL subtypes. Patients with NCLs present with diverse symptoms, which may not be characteristic in early disease stages. These signs and symptoms should lead to rapid diagnostic confirmatory testing for NCLs.What this paper adds

Disease presentation is not uniform for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses.

Characteristic clinical test results may not be identified in early disease stages.