bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular insights into organic particulate formation
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Burrell Emily , Hansen Jaron C. , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarboxylic acids have been detected in particles collected in various regions of the world. Here, we use experiments and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations to better understand the mechanism of particle formation from gas phase mixtures of formic acid (HCOOH), (CH3)3N, and water vapor. A flow reaction cell coupled to two scanning mobility particle sizers has been used to measure particle size, absolute number of particles and kinetics of particle formation. Experimental results show that the addition of (CH3)3N to a mixture of HCOOH and water vapor results in a dramatic increase in particle formation. Simulation results indicate that the ion-pair formation on the water surface involves direct proton transfer between HCOOH and (CH3)3N. The HCOO—··(CH3)3NH+ ion-pair remains at the air–water interface due to hydrogen bonding and the interfacial hydration shell. This experiment-theory study shows the formation of aerosol particles from the organic acid-amine interactions, which may aid in understanding the role of organics in haze and cloud droplet formation and nanoparticle growth.
Prometryn induces apoptotic cell death through cell cycle arrest and oxidative DNA damage
Authors: Liu Qiaoyun , Wang Longsheng , Chen Hanwen , Huang Bo , Xu Jiawei , Li Ying , Héroux Paul , Zhu Xinqiang , Wu Yihua , Xia Dajing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Prometryn is a slightly to moderately toxic herbicide belonging to the triazine family of herbicides, which are widely used in agriculture to control the growth of various weeds. Although many studies have shown that triazine herbicides have carcinogenic potential in humans, the cytotoxic effects of prometryn on human cells, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, are not yet fully understood. The lung is one of the most important organs where there is accumulation of environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of prometryn on normal lung cells using the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. We found that treatment with high concentrations of prometryn arrested BEAS-2B cell growth in the S phase, while at low concentrations the cell cycle was not affected. Furthermore, we observed changes in the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin A that were consistent with the induction of cell cycle arrest in BEAS-2B cells exposed to prometryn. We also observed the increased formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BEAS-2B cells, suggesting that this cell line is sensitive to prometryn. Finally, prometryn induced DNA double-strand breaks in BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, prometryn affected key molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, induced oxidative stress, and induced DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells, which may shed light on the mechanism by which prometryn promotes lung cancer development.
Data-driven challenges and opportunities in crystallography
Authors: Glynn Calina , Rodriguez Jose A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Structural biology is in the midst of a revolution fueled by faster and more powerful instruments capable of delivering orders of magnitude more data than their predecessors. This increased pace in data gathering introduces new experimental and computational challenges, frustrating real-time processing and interpretation of data and requiring long-term solutions for data archival and retrieval. This combination of challenges and opportunities is driving the exploration of new areas of structural biology, including studies of macromolecular dynamics and the investigation of molecular ensembles in search of a better understanding of conformational landscapes. The next generation of instruments promises to yield even greater data rates, requiring a concerted effort by institutions, centers and individuals to extract meaning from every bit and make data accessible to the community at large, facilitating data mining efforts by individuals or groups as analysis tools improve.
Psychosocial Risks and Management for Children and Adolescents With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Crerand Canice E. , Rabkin Ari N. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis article reviews the psychosocial risks associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a relatively common genetic condition associated with a range of physical and psychiatric problems. Risks associated with developmental stages from infancy through adolescence and early adulthood are described, including developmental, learning, and intellectual disabilities as well as psychiatric disorders including anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders. Other risks related to coping with health problems and related treatments are also detailed for both affected individuals and their families.ConclusionThe article ends with strategies for addressing psychosocial risks including provision of condition-specific education, enhancement of social support, routine assessment of cognitive abilities, regular mental health screening, and referrals for empirically supported psychiatric and psychological treatments.
Modified MMC and its capacitor voltage ripple suppression method employed in medium‐voltage wind generator system
Authors: Guan Weide , Huang Shoudao , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: July 2019

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is widely used in medium‐ and high‐voltage applications, but there are large capacitor voltage ripples on the sub‐modules (SMs) when applied to low‐speed applications, such as wind generator system. The method based on the injection of common‐mode voltage and high‐frequency current is the most effective solution at present, but it will bring new problems. To solve these problems, a modified MMC is proposed in this study. Firstly, coupled inductors and LC resonance circuit are adopted as the power transfer channel between the upper arm and lower arm of the MMC, to eliminate the low‐frequency voltage ripple. The theoretical analysis and design guideline of the coupled inductors and LC resonance circuit are discussed in detail before the explanation of SM voltage fluctuation suppression method. Secondly, an improved voltage fluctuation suppression method, named limited compensation method, is presented to replace the conventional full compensation method to decrease the magnitude of injected high‐frequency current, thereby reducing the current ratings of power devices, size of inductors, and the cost of system. In the end, MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations and a 2 kW down‐scaled prototype are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution and its control scheme.
OH maser emission in the THOR survey of the northern Milky Way
Authors: Beuther H. , Walsh A. , Wang Y. , Rugel M. , Soler J. , Linz H. , Klessen R. S. , Anderson L. D. , Urquhart J. S. , Glover S. C. O. , Billington S. J. , Kainulainen J. , Menten K. M. , Roy N. , Longmore S. N. , Bigiel F. 
Published: July 2019

Context. OH masers trace diverse physical processes, from the expanding envelopes around evolved stars to star-forming regions or supernovae remnants. Providing a survey of the ground-state OH maser transitions in the northern hemisphere inner Milky Way facilitates the study of a broad range of scientific topics.
Aims. We want to identify the ground-state OH masers at ∼18 cm wavelength in the area covered by The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the Milky Way (THOR). We will present a catalogue of all OH maser features and their possible associated environments.
Methods. The THOR survey covers longitude and latitude ranges of 14.°3 < l < 66.°8 and b < ± 1.°25. All OH ground state lines 2Π3/2 (J = 3/2) at 1612 (F = 1−2), 1665 (F = 1−1), 1667 (F = 2−2) and 1720 MHz (F = 2−1) have been observed, employing the Very Large Array (VLA) in its C configuration. The spatial resolution of the data varies between 12.5″ and 19″, the spectral resolution is 1.5 km s−1, and the rms sensitivity of the data is ∼10 mJy beam−1 per channel.
Results. We identify 1585 individual maser spots (corresponding to single spectral features) distributed over 807 maser sites (regions of size ∼103 − 104 AU). Based on different criteria from spectral profiles to literature comparison, we try to associate the maser sites with astrophysical source types. Approximately 51% of the sites exhibit the double-horned 1612 MHz spectra typically emitted from the expanding shells of evolved stars. The separations of the two main velocity features of the expanding shells typically vary between 22 and 38 km s−1. In addition to this, at least 20% of the maser sites are associated with star-forming regions. While the largest fraction of 1720 MHz maser spots (21 out of 53) is associated with supernova remnants, a significant fraction of the 1720 MHz maser spots (17) are also associated with star-forming regions. We present comparisons to the thermal 13CO(1–0) emission as well as to other surveys of class II CH3OH and H2O maser emission. The catalogue attempts to present associations to astrophysical sources where available, and the full catalogue is available in electronic form.
Conclusions. This OH maser catalogue presents a unique resource of stellar and interstellar masers in the northern hemisphere. It provides the basis for a diverse range of follow-up studies from envelopes around evolved stars to star-forming regions and Supernova remnants.
Damping of slow magnetoacoustic oscillations by the misbalance between heating and cooling processes in the solar corona
Authors: Kolotkov D. Y. , Nakariakov V. M. , Zavershinskii D. I. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Rapidly decaying slow magnetoacoustic waves are regularly observed in the solar coronal structures, offering a promising tool for a seismological diagnostics of the coronal plasma, including its thermodynamical properties.
Aims. The effect of damping of standing slow magnetoacoustic oscillations in the solar coronal loops is investigated accounting for field-aligned thermal conductivity and a wave-induced misbalance between radiative cooling and some unspecified heating rates.
Methods. The non-adiabatic terms were allowed to be arbitrarily large, corresponding to the observed values. The thermal conductivity was taken in its classical form, and a power-law dependence of the heating function on the density and temperature was assumed. The analysis was conducted in the linear regime and in the infinite magnetic field approximation.
Results. The wave dynamics is found to be highly sensitive to the characteristic timescales of the thermal misbalance. Depending on certain values of the misbalance, timescales three regimes of the wave evolution were identified, namely the regime of a suppressed damping, enhanced damping in which the damping rate drops down to observational values, and acoustic over-stability. The specific regime is determined by the dependences of the radiative cooling and heating functions on thermodynamical parameters of the plasma in the vicinity of the perturbed thermal equilibrium.
Conclusions. The comparison of the observed and theoretically derived decay times and oscillation periods allows us to constrain the coronal heating function. For typical coronal parameters, the observed properties of standing slow magnetoacoustic oscillations could be readily reproduced with a reasonable choice of the heating function.
Updates in Congenital Heart Disease: Can Outcomes Improve?
Authors: Martin Gerard R. , Cross Russell R. , Hom Lisa A. , Klugman Darren 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite numerous advances in medical and surgical management, congenital heart disease (CHD) remains the number one cause of death in the first year of life from congenital malformations. The current strategies used to approach improving outcomes in CHD are varied. This article will discuss the recent impact of pulse oximetry screening for critical CHD, describe the contributions of advanced cardiac imaging in the neonate with CHD, and highlight the growing importance of quality improvement and safety programs in the cardiac intensive care unit.
Updates in Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Lopriore Enrico 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnemia and thrombocytopenia occur frequently in preterm neonates and the majority of them require at least one blood transfusion during the first few weeks of life. However, there is no international consensus on optimal transfusion management neither for red blood cell nor for platelet transfusions, resulting in large worldwide variations in transfusion practices between neonatal intensive care units. In the past decade, several studies performed in adults, infants as well as neonates showed that restrictive transfusion guidelines are just as safe as liberal guidelines. In fact, some studies even showed that liberal guidelines could be associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, suggesting that too many transfusions may have a deleterious effect. In a recent randomized trial in preterm neonates with thrombocytopenia, the liberal transfusion group (receiving more platelet transfusions) had a significantly higher rate of death or major bleeding than the restrictive group (receiving less transfusions). In preterm neonates with anemia, the available evidence is also limited and controversial. Two large randomized controlled trials (ETTNO and TOP) are currently assessing the safety and effectiveness of liberal versus restrictive red blood cell transfusions. Results of these large two studies, including the long-term neurodevelopment outcome, are eagerly awaited. Until then, reduction of anemia of prematurity by implementation of effective preventive measures, such as delayed cord clamping and minimization of iatrogenic blood loss, remain of paramount importance.
State of the Art on Kidney Development: How Nephron Endowment at Birth Can Shape Our Susceptibility to Renal Dysfunction Later in Life
Authors: Fanos Vassilios , Gerosa Clara , Loddo Cristina , Faa Gavino 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present article, we discuss the following topics: (1) the fetal programming of adult kidney diseases and (2) the role of neonatologists in the regenerative renal medicine, based on the activation of resident renal SC. Here, we report the most important steps of our collaboration between neonatologists, nephrologists, and pathologists. Nephrologists should be more interested in clinical data regarding the first month of life in the womb of their adult patients, being particularly focused on birth weight and on the weeks of gestation at birth, without forgetting data regarding maternal status during gestation and neonatal asphyxia. Neonatologists should be aware that any preterm or low birthweight infant should be considered as a subject with fewer glomeruli, probably predicted to develop renal disease later in life.
Is Lactoferrin More Effective in Reducing Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates Fed Formula Than in Those Receiving Mother's Own Milk? Secondary Analyses of Two Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Manzoni Paolo , Militello Maria Angela , Rizzollo Stefano , Tavella Elena , Messina Alessandro , Pieretto Marta , Boano Elena , Carlino Martina , Tognato Eleonora , Spola Roberta , Perona Anna , Maule Milena Maria , García Sánchez Ruben , Meyer Mike , Stolfi Ilaria , Pugni Lorenza , Messner Hubert , Cattani Silvia , Betta Pasqua Maria , Memo Luigi , Decembrino Lidia , Bollani Lina , Rinaldi Matteo , Fioretti Maria , Quercia Michele , Tzialla Chryssoula , Laforgia Nicola , Mosca Fabio , Magaldi Rosario , Mostert Michael , Farina Daniele , Tarnow-Mordi William ,   on behalf of the Italian Task Force for the Study Prevention of Neonatal Fungal Infections; the Italian Society of Neonatology
Published: July 2019

Background Lactoferrin is the major antimicrobial protein in human milk. In our randomized controlled trial (RCT) of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) supplementation in preterm neonates, BLF reduced late-onset sepsis (LOS). Mother's own milk (MM) contains higher concentrations of lactoferrin than donor milk or formula, but whether BLF is more effective in infants who receive formula or donor milk is uncertain.
Aim To evaluate the incidence of LOS in preterm infants fed MM and in those fed formula and/or donor milk.
Study Design This is a (A) post hoc subgroup analysis, in our RCT of BLF, of its effects in preterm infants fed MM, with or without formula, versus those fed formula and/or donor milk (no-MM) and (B) post hoc meta-analysis, in our RCT of BLF and in the ELFIN (Enteral Lactoferrin in Neonates) RCT, of the effect of BLF in subgroups not exclusively fed MM.
Results (A) Of 472 infants in our RCT, 168 were randomized to placebo and 304 were randomized to BLF. Among MM infants, LOS occurred in 22/133 (16.5%) infants randomized to placebo and in 14/250 (5.6%) randomized to BLF (relative risk or risk ratio (RR): 0.34; relative risk reduction (RRR): 0.66; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for RR: 0.18–0.64; p < 0.0008). Among no-MM infants, LOS occurred in 7/35 (20.0%) randomized to placebo and in 2/54 (3.7%) randomized to BLF (RR: 0.19; RRR: 0.81; 95% CI for RR: 0.16–0.96; p = 0.026). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, there was no interaction between BLF treatment effect and type of feeding (p = 0.628). (B) In 1,891 infants not exclusively fed MM in our RCT of BLF and in the ELFIN RCT, BLF reduced the RR of LOS by 18% (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71–0.96; p = 0.01).
Conclusion Adequately powered studies should address the hypothesis that BLF is more effective in infants fed formula or donor milk than those fed MM. Such studies should evaluate whether a specific threshold of total lactoferrin intake can be identified to protect such patients from LOS.
Effects of Sustained Inflation or Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Release of Adrenomedullin in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Failure at Birth
Authors: La Verde Azzurra , Franchini Simone , Lapergola Giuseppe , Lista Gianluca , Barbagallo Ignazio , Livolti Giovanni , Gazzolo Diego 
Published: July 2019

Objective Delivery room (DR) management may play an important role in the development and prevention of lung injury. Therefore, in a cohort of low birth weight infants (LBW), we investigated the effects of two different lung recruitment maneuvers, such as positive pressure ventilation (PPV) and sustained inflation (SI) on adrenomedullin (AM), a well-established lung-specific vasoactive agent.
Study Design This is a prospective case-control randomized study in 44 LBW infants spontaneously breathing with respiratory failure at birth requiring respiratory support. LBW were randomized to receive PPV (n = 22) or SI (n = 22) support. AM was measured from blood in samples collected at birth from arterial artery (BLT0) and at 1-hour (BLT1) and at 24-hour (BLT2) from peripheral venous site. AM assessment in urine samples was performed at 1-hour (URT1) and at 24-hour (URT2).
Results No significant differences in AM (p > 0.05) blood (T0–T2) and urine (T1, T2) levels were observed between groups.
Conclusion The present data, showing the absence of any differences in AM blood and urine levels, suggest that PPV and SI are both feasible and equally effective DR maneuvers. The findings open the way to further studies evaluating the effects of PPV and SI on short-/long-term respiratory outcome through biomarkers assessment.
Topically Applied Etamsylate: A New Orphan Drug for HHT-Derived Epistaxis (Antiangiogenesis through FGF Pathway Inhibition)
Authors: Albiñana Virginia , Giménez-Gallego Guillermo , García-Mato Angela , Palacios Patricia , Recio-Poveda Lucia , Cuesta Angel-M , Patier José-Luis , Botella Luisa-María 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia characterized by recurrent and spontaneous epistaxis (nose bleeds), telangiectases on skin and mucosa, internal organ arteriovenous malformations, and dominant autosomal inheritance. Mutations in Endoglin and ACVRL1/ALK1, genes mainly expressed in endothelium, are responsible in 90% of the cases for the pathology. These genes are involved in the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) signaling pathway. Epistaxis remains as one of the most common symptoms impairing the quality of life of patients, becoming life-threatening in some cases. Different strategies have been used to decrease nose bleeds, among them is antiangiogenesis. The two main angiogenic pathways in endothelial cells depend on vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The present work has used etamsylate, the diethylamine salt of the 2,5-dihydroxybenzene sulfonate anion, also known as dobesilate, as a FGF signaling inhibitor. In endothelial cells, in vitro experiments show that etamsylate acts as an antiangiogenic factor, inhibiting wound healing and matrigel tubulogenesis. Moreover, etamsylate decreases phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. A pilot clinical trial (EudraCT: 2016–003982–24) was performed with 12 HHT patients using a topical spray of etamsylate twice a day for 4 weeks. The epistaxis severity score (HHT-ESS) and other pertinent parameters were registered in the clinical trial. The significant reduction in the ESS scale, together with the lack of significant side effects, allowed the designation of topical etamsylate as a new orphan drug for epistaxis in HHT (EMA/OD/135/18).
Monoparesis Post Bronchial Artery Embolization: Clinicoradiological Discordance in Anterior Spinal Artery Infarct—Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Saurabh , Prakash Siddharth , Mittal Ashima , Garg Cherry , Singh Suryaveer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an established minimally invasive treatment for massive or recurrent haemoptysis. Anterior spinal artery (ASA) infarct is an uncommon but serious complication of the procedure. The interventional radiologist doing these procedures must be well versed with the bronchial artery anatomy, its variations, and its relation with ASA to avoid this dreaded complication. The authors report a case in which the patient developed monoparesis and mild transient autonomic dysfunction post BAE but magnetic resonance imaging of spine showed diffuse symmetric cord involvement in ASA territory from D1–D4 level.
The role of shape-dependent flight stability in the origin of oriented meteorites
Authors: Amin Khunsa , Huang Jinzi Mac , Hu Kevin J. , Zhang Jun , Ristroph Leif 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Motivated by the conical shape of so-called oriented meteorites, we assess experimentally how the flight dynamics and postural stability of a body moving through a fluid depend on its shape. The family of cones of varying apex angle permits the systematic study across shapes from slender or sharp to broad or dull, and we find that only specific forms achieve the stably oriented flight needed to explain this class of meteorites. More generally, our study provides the map relating body shape to free fall motions, such as gliding, tumbling, straight descent, and fluttering, which will prove useful in aeronautics, the atmospheric sciences, and chemical engineering.
The empirical relationship between nonstandard economic behaviors
Authors: Dean Mark , Ortoleva Pietro 
Published: July 2019

Significance
A large literature in behavioral and experimental economics has identified a long list of robust phenomena that are hard to explain within the classic model of economic choice. These are, however, typically analyzed independently. We study the joint distribution of 11 of the most prominent behaviors using an incentivized laboratory experiment involving undergraduate students. Our main aim is to provide empirical guidance in the construction of a unified, parsimonious model of economic behavior, an important step in integrating behavioral insights into broader economic and policy analysis. We find that some of these phenomena are strongly related to each other, while others are independent. This provides evidence in support of some of the proposed attempts at unification, but not others.