bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebound effects flatten differences in carbon footprints between car-free households, minimal drivers, and green car owners
Authors: Ottelin Juudit , Olson Sarah , Ballal Vedant , Árnadóttir Áróra , Heinonen Jukka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While the greenhouse gas emissions of most sectors are declining in the EU, transport emissions are increasing. Passenger cars compose a large share of the transport sector emissions, and a lot of effort has been made to reduce them. Despite the significantly improved environmental performance of passenger cars, there is a prevailing belief that they are the most environmentally harmful mode of ground transport. In the study at hand, we illustrate how rebound effects of consumption may change this view. Passenger car is a relatively expensive transport mode. Expenditure on car-ownership reduces the remaining household budget and the related carbon footprint. Here, we compare the total consumer carbon footprints per capita between fossil-fuel car owners, green car owners, and car-free households in the Nordic countries, using survey data including 7 400 respondents. When income and household type are controlled with regression analysis, respondents without a car for climate reasons and ‘minimal drivers’, meaning the least driving 10% of fossil-fuel car owners, have the lowest carbon footprints. Other car-free households have 6% higher footprints, electric- and biofuel car owners 18%–24% higher footprints, and the increasingly driving fossil-fuel car owners 30%–189% higher carbon footprints than the first two groups. However, the working middle-income green car owners, minimal drivers, and car-free households have very similar sized carbon footprints. The results show some trade-off between car ownership and flying despite that the data was collected between 2021 and 2022, when COVID-19 was still partly affecting air travel.
Strong and thermally stable nanocrystalline Cu–Al alloy via Al segregation
Authors: Zhou Kaixuan , Wang Luling , Zhao Yonghao , Jin Shenbao , Mao Qingzhong , Shi Shaojia , Ma Longlong , Zhang Ruisheng , Liu Jizi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nanocrystalline (NC) metals and alloys are prone to mechanical and thermal instability under force and thermal fields due to their high Gibbs free energy, which limits their industrial applications. In this work, by employing rotary swaging (RS), bulk NC Cu–15 at.% Al alloys with both high strength and high thermal stability were prepared. Quasi-static tensile test results show that the yield strength is 1016 MPa. Moreover, the grain growth temperature was retarded up to 0.4 T
m, higher than the literature values. Microstructural characterizations revealed that after RS deformation, coarse-grained Cu–Al was refined into fibrous NC grains with a diameter of 45 nm and a length of 190 nm, and the contents of high-angle grain boundaries (GBs), low-angle GBs, and twin boundaries are 17%, 45%, and 38%, respectively. Moreover, there is a significant multiscale chemical fluctuation within the grains, at the GBs, and between the grains through extreme defect accumulation. The atomistic simulation suggests that the segregation behavior of Al solute is essentially driven by the atomic size and local stress state. Besides, Al segregation greatly reduces the grain boundary energy, which further improves the thermal stability of the material. The main strengthening mechanism is Hall–Petch strengthening and the strengthening brought by the chemical fluctuations. Our work provides ideas for designing strong and thermally stable bulk NC alloys.
Research on lie group dynamics modeling and trajectory-tracking optimal control of intelligent ground vehicle
Authors: Chen Te , Zhang Zikun , Xing Xu , Cai Yingfeng , Dou Guowei , Chen Long 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the multi-objective integrated coordination problem of trajectory tracking control accuracy and vehicle stability, a Lie-group-based dynamics modeling and trajectory-tracking optimal control method of intelligent ground vehicle is proposed in this paper. Based on the theory of Lie group and Lie algebra, the kinematic relationship of intelligent ground vehicle was established, and the integral variational dynamic equation expression was established using the variational method and Lagrange principle. A vehicle performance index function that balances energy optimization and efficiency optimization was established by combining the two-degree-of-freedom dynamic equation and stability constraints of intelligent ground vehicle. On this basis, an optimal control method for trajectory tracking of intelligent ground vehicle is proposed based on Legendre interpolation polynomial discretization method and Gauss pseudospectral method. The comparative results show that the proposed optimal control method can balance vehicle motion control accuracy, real-time performance, and optimization solution efficiency, thereby ensuring the lateral stability control effect of vehicle while achieving trajectory tracking accuracy.
Maven: a multimodal foundation model for supernova science
Authors: Zhang Gemma , Helfer Thomas , Gagliano Alexander T , Mishra-Sharma Siddharth , Ashley Villar V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A common setting in astronomy is the availability of a small number of high-quality observations, and larger amounts of either lower-quality observations or synthetic data from simplified models. Time-domain astrophysics is a canonical example of this imbalance, with the number of supernovae observed photometrically outpacing the number observed spectroscopically by multiple orders of magnitude. At the same time, no data-driven models exist to understand these photometric and spectroscopic observables in a common context. Contrastive learning objectives, which have grown in popularity for aligning distinct data modalities in a shared embedding space, provide a potential solution to extract information from these modalities. We present Maven, the first foundation model for supernova science. To construct Maven, we first pre-train our model to align photometry and spectroscopy from 0.5 M synthetic supernovae using a contrastive objective. We then fine-tune the model on 4702 observed supernovae from the Zwicky transient facility. Maven reaches state-of-the-art performance on both classification and redshift estimation, despite the embeddings not being explicitly optimized for these tasks. Through ablation studies, we show that pre-training with synthetic data improves overall performance. In the upcoming era of the Vera C. Rubin observatory, Maven will serve as a valuable tool for leveraging large, unlabeled and multimodal time-domain datasets.
Irresolution as Practice
Authors: Leonard-Fleckman Mahri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 presents irresolution as a method for historical investigations of the distant past, and it explains the book’s focus on identity in the Iron Age Shephelah or “lowlands” of the southern Levant. The Shephelah is one of the most intensely excavated regions in the world, and its social composition in the Iron Age is hotly debated. It is therefore a fruitful region for historical investigation through archaeology and text. The book will center on two contemporary archaeological sites with plausible ancient connections, Tel Batash (ancient Timnah) and Tell es-Safi (ancient Gath), and explore archaeological interpretations alongside textual representations of these sites in the Hebrew Bible, the Neo-Assyrian Royal Annals, and in Josephus’s first-century Jewish Antiquities. The chapter also makes two claims about history and composition history: history is marked by tension, and composition history is akin to a textual mosaic.
Application of mass spectrometry data for health evaluation
Authors: Takahashi Haruya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Proper diet is crucial for obesity prevention. Food health research primarily focuses on two aspects: the pathogenesis of lifestyle-related diseases caused by obesity and the identification of dietary components that can aid in the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases. Substantial knowledge has been accumulated regarding these aspects via health function evaluations based on biological experiments. However, the intricate causal relationships and specific biological metabolites or food compounds that affect health remain unclear. To address these issues, my recent studies have incorporated mass spectrometry data, particularly metabolomic data obtained via comprehensive component analysis, to enhance health function evaluation via biological experiments. These studies have revealed various biological and healthy compounds derived from different food materials for the management of obesity-induced metabolic disorders.
Long-term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: week 104 results from the SUNSHINE and SUNRISE extension trial
Authors: Kimball Alexa B , Bechara Falk G , Badat Aysha , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J , Gottlieb Alice B , Jemec Gregor B E , Reguiai Ziad , Villani Axel P , Alarcon Ivette , Bansal Amita , Gasperoni Francesca , Martin Ruvie , Paguet Bertrand , Uhlmann Lorenz , Zouater Hichem , Ravichandran Shoba , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The SUNSHINE and SUNRISE phase III trials demonstrated sustained clinical efficacy of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) through 52 weeks. Patients completing the core trials could enter a 4-year extension trial.

Objectives
To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety/tolerability and maintenance of clinical response to secukinumab through week 104 in the extension trial.

Methods
Patients with a hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) clinical response (HiSCR) at week 52 of the core trials (extension trial baseline visit) entered a randomized withdrawal period. HiSCR responders receiving subcutaneous secukinumab 300 mg every 2 or 4 weeks (SECQ2W/SECQ4W) through week 52 in the core trials were randomized 2 : 1 to continue secukinumab (SECQ2W-R-Q2W or SECQ4W-R-Q4W) or receive placebo (SECQ2W-R-PBO or SECQ4W-R-PBO) through week 104. The primary endpoint was time to loss of response (LOR; newly defined for this trial) through week 104 in week 52 HiSCR responders (SECQ2W-R-Q2W vs. SECQ2W-R-PBO and SECQ4W-R-Q4W vs. SECQ4W-R-PBO). Time to LOR was tested at 1.25% (one-sided) for each comparison (one-sided familywise alpha of 2.5%) through week 104. If LOR was met, patients could remain in the trial on open-label secukinumab treatment. Additional endpoints included safety and HiSCR. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04179175).

Results
Overall, 84.3% of patients who completed the core trials entered the extension trial; 55.9% were week 52 HiSCR responders. The primary endpoint was not met for either secukinumab dosing regimen. The estimated risk reduction for LOR was 13% (SECQ2W-R-Q2W vs. SECQ2W-R-PBO; one-sided P = 0.25) and 30% (SECQ4W-R-Q4W vs. SECQ4W-R-PBO; one-sided P = 0.04). The median time to LOR was numerically longer in the secukinumab arms vs. placebo {SECQ2W-R-Q2W [283 days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 176, –] vs. SECQ2W-R-PBO [239 days; 95% CI 120, –]; SECQ4W-R-Q4W [365 days 95% CI 225, –] vs. SECQ4W-R-PBO [171 days; 95% CI 113–337]}. In week 52 HiSCR responders reporting LOR, 44% (SECQ2W-R-Q2W), 58% (SECQ2W-R-PBO), 40% (SECQ4W-R-Q4W) and 34% (SECQ4W-R-PBO) were achieving HiSCR at the time of LOR. Overall, the safety of secukinumab was consistent with the core trials.

Conclusions
The primary endpoint of this trial was not met. HiSCR was maintained in many patients at the time of LOR. The safety of secukinumab was consistent with the previously characterized safety profile in the core trials.
Preparation of Ca2MnO4 films using Bayesian optimization and their black color properties owing to Ti4+-doping
Authors: Oka Ryohei , Hayakawa Tomokatsu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ca2MnO4-based films were prepared by using a sol–gel method and Ti4+ ions were doped into the Mn4+ site to control their color properties. For non-doped Ca2MnO4 films, several preparation conditions were screened by using Bayesian optimization. In the Ca2(Mn,Ti)O4 film samples that were prepared under suitable conditions, the target phase was obtained as a main phase and the solid solutions were formed. Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis elucidated that an intermediate layer of CaSiO3 with 1 µm was formed between the film and substrate, and hence the Ca/Mn ratio became Ca-poor closer to the intermediate layer. The film samples showed strong optical absorption in the visible-light region simultaneously with weak absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The bandgap energy of the film sample was also found to decrease by doping with Ti4+, resulting in a color change from blackish brown to black. Accordingly, the films had high NIR-reflectivity/transmittivity and the deep black coloration was controlled by the Ti4+-doping.
SUrvey of renal Biopsy registry database and Anticancer dRUg therapy in Japan (SUBARU-J study)
Authors: Kuwabara Takashige , Miyasato Yoshikazu , Kanki Tomoko , Mizumoto Teruhiko , Matsubara Takeshi , Sawa Naoki , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Maruyama Shoichi , Sato Hiroshi , Tsukamoto Tatsuo , Murata Tomohiro , Miyazaki Mariko , Imasawa Toshiyuki , Mukoyama Masashi , Murakami Naoka , Jhaveri Kenar D , Yanagita Motoko ,   the JSN Onconephrology working group, Yanagita Motoko , Kawano Haruna , Kawaguchi Takehiko , Kuwabara Takashige , Koitabashi Kenichiro , Sawa Naoki , Matsubara Takeshi , Mizuno Shinichi , Wada Takehiko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Kidney complications associated with anticancer drug therapy have greatly increased recently. We aimed to investigate the real-world clinical outcomes of anticancer drug therapy–associated renal complications in Japan using the national kidney biopsy database, Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR).

Methods
From 2018 to 2021, 449 cases from 49 facilities identified as ‘drug-induced’ histopathology in the J-RBR were screened, of which a total of 135 were confirmed as anticancer drug–related cases and included in the analysis. Overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared by logrank test. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association between variables and deaths.

Results
The most common primary sites of malignancies were the lung (33.3%), followed by gastrointestinal (16.3%) and gynaecological (11.1%) cancers. Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN; 47.4%) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA; 35.6%) were the most frequent diagnoses. All immunoglobulin A nephropathy, minimal change disease and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) cases were immune checkpoint inhibitor related. All CrGN cases were anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody negative. Antibiotics were most frequently used concomitantly with anticancer drugs in TMA cases among subgroups (TMA versus others: 62.5 versus 27.5%; P &lt; .001). Among TMA cases, the serum lactate dehydrogenase level tended to be higher in cytotoxic agent–associated TMA (CTx-TMA) than in other TMAs, but was not significant between groups (415.5 versus 219.0 U/l; P = .06). Overall survival was worse in CTx-TMA than in other TMAs (P = .007). The Cox model demonstrated proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (hazard ratio 2.49, P = .001) as a significant prognostic factor, as well as the presence of metastasis and serum albumin level.

Conclusions
Our registry analysis highlighted various presentations of biopsy-proven kidney complications associated with anticancer drug therapy. Clinicians should be aware of worse outcomes associated with CTx-TMA and the prognostic role of PPI use.
Emergent surgical intervention for a neonate with premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus with ductal-dependent tricuspid atresia: a case report
Authors: Kono Taro , Sumitomo Naofumi F , Yamagishi Hiroyuki , Kimura Naritaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus (PCDA) makes management difficult in neonates with congenital heart defects, particularly those with ductal-dependent pulmonary circulation. This report highlights the challenges and management of a neonate diagnosed with tricuspid atresia and severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), complicated by PCDA.

Case summary
A male neonate was diagnosed prenatally with tricuspid atresia and severe RVOTO. After birth, his oxygen saturation was around 60%, and no ductus arteriosus was detected. A systemic-to-pulmonary shunt was placed emergently. After surgery, antegrade blood flow from the right ventricular outflow tract was unstable depending on the right ventricular muscle contraction and relaxation, and the antegrade blood flow needed to be occluded. The postoperative course was uneventful after then.

Discussion
This case underscores the complexity of managing neonates with tricuspid atresia, severe RVOTO, and PCDA. Early surgical intervention is critical in stabilizing such patients.
The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Conflict Economic Recovery and Peace-Building
Authors: Bak Daehee , Lee Hoon , Biglaiser Glen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently, post-conflict foreign direct investment (FDI) has garnered scholarly interest due to its potential for ending the “poverty-conflict trap” endured by many developing countries. However, few empirical studies have investigated whether FDI breaks such a vicious poverty-conflict cycle and, if so, how. Using intrastate armed conflict data from 1970 to 2019, where more than half the states experienced civil conflict recurrence, we test whether FDI curbs post-conflict onset through the mediation of economic recovery. Empirical results from two-stage generalized structural equation models appear to show that post-conflict FDI increases the magnitude of economic reconstruction and lessens grievances, indirectly decreasing the probability of conflict recurrence. Empirical findings also offer evidence in support of the mediation mechanism. We conclude that post-conflict FDI is a catalyst that could help war-torn countries escape the poverty-conflict trap.
Earthquake signal detection using a multiscale feature fusion network with hybrid attention mechanism
Authors: Cui Y , Bai M , Wu J , Chen Y 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Signal and noise classification can add an extra level of constraint for earthquake phase picking by pinpointing the signal waveforms from continuous seismic data for more accurate arrival picking. However, the continuously increasing data collected by worldwide stations exceeds the ability of manual analysis. Moreover, manual earthquake data analysis depends on seismologists’ expert knowledge, resulting in inconsistent analysis results. To address this, we proposed a generalized deep learning (DL) network architecture to discriminate earthquake signal and noise waveforms. The proposed DL framework is a novel architecture comprising a feature extractor, a classifier and two hybrid attention modules. It utilizes different kernel sizes for more detailed feature extraction, and the hybrid attention mechanism module can guide the network to focus more on the waveform characteristics. To illustrate the power of the proposed DL network, we applied it to classify the earthquake signal and noise of the 3-C Texas Earthquake Dataset. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed method in the testing set reaches 99.83 per cent. We further utilize the transfer learning strategy to demonstrate the transferability of the proposed network with the Stanford earthquake data set, showing an encouraging classification accuracy of 95.03 per cent. Additionally, we conducted an additional experiment on arrival picking by integrating decoder blocks into the classification network, which achieves remarkable P- and S-wave arrival picking accuracy.
Conceptualizing maternal mental health in rural Ghana: a realist qualitative analysis
Authors: Yevoo Linda Lucy , Manzano Ana , Gyimah Leveana , Kane Sumit , Awini Elizabeth , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Agyepong Irene A , Mirzoev Tolib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, maternal mental health needs remain neglected, and common mental disorders during pregnancy and after birth are routinely associated with hormonal changes. The psycho-social and spiritual components of childbirth are often downplayed. A qualitative study was conducted as part of a wider realist evaluation on health systems responsiveness to examine the interrelationships between pregnant and postnatal women, their families, and their environment, and how these influence women’s interactions with healthcare providers in Ghana. Data collection methods combined six qualitative interviews (n = 6) and 18 focus group discussions (n = 121) with pregnant and postnatal women, their relatives, and healthcare providers (midwives, community mental health nurses) at the primary healthcare level. Data analysis was based on the context–mechanism–outcome heuristic of realist evaluation methodology. A programme theory was developed and iteratively refined, drawing on Crowther’s ecology of birth theory to unpack how context shapes women’s interactions with public and alternative healthcare providers. We found that context interacts dynamically with embodiment, relationality, temporality, spatiality, and mystery of childbirth experiences, which in turn influence women’s wellbeing in three primary areas. There is an intricate intersection of pregnancy with mental health impacting women’s expectations of temporality, which does not always coincide with the timings provided by formal healthcare services. Societal deficiencies in social support structures for women facing economic challenges become particularly evident during the pregnancy and postnatal period, where women need heightened assistance. Socio-cultural beliefs associated with the mystery of childbirth, the supportive role of private providers and faith healing practices offered women a feeling of protection from uncertainty. Co-production of context-specific interventions, including the integration of maternal and mental health policies, with relevant stakeholders can help formal healthcare providers accommodate women’s perspectives on spirituality and mental health, which can subsequently help to make health systems responsive to maternal mental health conditions.