bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omnivore-herbivore interactions: thrips and whiteflies compete via the shared host plant
Authors: Pappas Maria L. , Tavlaki Georgia , Triantafyllou Anneta , Broufas George 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhytophagy is a common feature among pure herbivorous insects and omnivores that utilise both plant and prey as food resources; nevertheless, experimental evidence for factors affecting their interactions is restricted to intraguild predation and predator-mediated competition. We herein focused on plant-mediated effects that could result from plant defence activation or quality alteration and compared the performance of an omnivore, the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, and a pure herbivore, the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on cucumber plants previously infested with either species. Furthermore, we recorded their behavioural responses when given a choice among infested and clean plants. Whiteflies laid less eggs on plants previously exposed to thrips but more on whitefly-infested plants. Thrips survival was negatively affected on whitefly-infested than on thrips-infested or clean plants. Notably, whiteflies developed significantly faster on plants infested with conspecifics. In accordance, whiteflies avoided thrips-infested plants and preferred whitefly-infested over clean plants. Thrips showed no preference for either infested or clean plants. Our study is a first report on the role of plant-mediated effects in shaping omnivore-herbivore interactions. Considering the factors driving such interactions we will likely better understand the ecology of the more complex relationships among plants and pest organisms.
Three dimensional electron microscopy reveals changing axonal and myelin morphology along normal and partially injured optic nerves
Authors: Giacci Marcus K. , Bartlett Carole A. , Huynh Minh , Kilburn Matt R. , Dunlop Sarah A. , Fitzgerald Melinda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFollowing injury to the central nervous system, axons and myelin distinct from the initial injury site undergo changes associated with compromised function. Quantifying such changes is important to understanding the pathophysiology of neurotrauma; however, most studies to date used 2 dimensional (D) electron microscopy to analyse single sections, thereby failing to capture changes along individual axons. We used serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF SEM) to undertake 3D reconstruction of axons and myelin, analysing optic nerves from normal uninjured female rats and following partial optic nerve transection. Measures of axon and myelin dimensions were generated by examining 2D images at 5 µm intervals along the 100 µm segments. In both normal and injured animals, changes in axonal diameter, myelin thickness, fiber diameter, G-ratio and percentage myelin decompaction were apparent along the lengths of axons to varying degrees. The range of values for axon diameter along individual reconstructed axons in 3D was similar to the range from 2D datasets, encompassing reported variation in axonal diameter attributed to retinal ganglion cell diversity. 3D electron microscopy analyses have provided the means to demonstrate substantial variability in ultrastructure along the length of individual axons and to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of neurotrauma.
The effects of oxygen in spinel oxide Li1+xTi2−xO4−δ thin films
Authors: Jia Yanli , He Ge , Hu Wei , Yang Hua , Yang Zhenzhong , Yu Heshan , Zhang Qinghua , Shi Jinan , Lin Zefeng , Yuan Jie , Zhu Beiyi , Gu Lin , Li Hong , Jin Kui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe evolution from superconducting LiTi2O4-δ to insulating Li4Ti5O12 thin films has been studied by precisely tuning the oxygen pressure in the sample fabrication process. In superconducting LiTi2O4-δ films, with the increase of oxygen pressure, the oxygen vacancies are filled gradually and the c-axis lattice constant decreases. When the oxygen pressure increases to a certain critical value, the c-axis lattice constant becomes stable, which implies that the sample has been completely converted to Li4Ti5O12 phase. The two processes can be manifested by the angular bright-field images of the scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. The transition temperature (T
ch
) of magnetoresistance from the positive to the negative shows a nonmonotonic behavior, i.e. first decrease and then increase, with the increase of oxygen pressure. We suggest that the decrease Tch can be attributed to the suppressing of orbital-related state, and the inhomogeneous phase separated regions contribute positive MR and thereby lead to the reverse relation between Tch and oxygen pressure.
The relation between mental health, homosexual stigma, childhood abuse, community engagement, and unprotected anal intercourse among MSM in China
Authors: Zhu Yaxin , Liu Jie , Chen Yucun , Zhang Ruochen , Qu Bo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the relation of various factors with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and provide some insight for HIV intervention on Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). The current cross-sectional study recruited 365 MSM in Dalian, China. More than half of the respondents (117 respondents, 51.8% of the sample) had engaged in UAI. The multivariable logistic regression model suggested that poorer mental health (AOR: 7.16; 95% CI: 3.14–16.31), self-stigma (AOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.00–2.34), and experience(s) of physical abuse in childhood (AOR: 5.85; 95% CI: 1.77–19.30) were significantly and positively related to UAI. Community engagement was negatively associated with UAI (p < 0.05). It appears it is necessary to incorporate mental health services, eliminate the stigma against homosexuality, and facilitate MSM-related community engagement into intervention strategies to prevent UAI among Chinese MSM. Targeted UAI interventions in the subgroup with a history of childhood physical abuse should also be of great concern.
Exposure of kale root to NaCl and Na2SeO3 increases isothiocyanate levels and Nrf2 signalling without reducing plant root growth
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Park Jai-Eok , Kim Eun Ok , Lim Sue Ji , Nam Eui Jeong , Yun Ji Ho , Yoo GyHye , Oh Sang-Rok , Kim Hyoung Seok , Nho Chu Won 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA plant factory is a closed cultivation system that provides a consistent and modified environment for plant growth. We speculated that treatment of kale (Brassica oleracea) grown in a plant factory with NaCl, Na2SeO3, or both would increase the bioactive phytochemical levels including glucosinolates (GLSs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), the key molecules in cancer prevention. The kale was harvested and analysed after treatment with NaCl and Na2SeO3 alone or in combination for 1 or 2 weeks. Exposure to NaCl alone but not Na2SeO3 increased plant root growth. Levels of sinigrin were increased by a 2-week exposure to Na2SeO3 alone or in combination with NaCl, whereas no changes were observed in glucoraphanin and gluconasturtiin gluconasturtiin levels. Importantly, the ITC concentration was affected by 2-week treatment with both compounds. To evaluate the bioactivity of kale, HepG2 human hepatoma cells were treated with plant extract for 6 h. Only the extract of kale roots exposed to a combination NaCl and Na2SeO3 for 2 weeks showed an increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), which regulates genes encoding antioxidant proteins. These data suggest that co-treatment with NaCl and Na2SeO3 increased the ITC content and chemopreventive effects of kale root.
Socioeconomic Status and Race are both Independently associated with Increased Hospitalization Rate among Crohn’s Disease Patients
Authors: Walker Caroline , Allamneni Chaitanya , Orr Jordan , Yun Huifeng , Fitzmorris Paul , Xie Fenglong , Malik Talha A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRacial disparities are observed clinically in Crohn’s Disease (CD) with research suggesting African Americans (AA) have worse outcomes than Caucasian Americans (CA). The aim of this study is to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) rather than race is the major predictor of worse outcomes. We designed a retrospective cohort study of 944 CD patients seen at our center. Patients’ billing zip codes were collected and average income and percent of population living above or below poverty level (PL) for each zip code calculated. Patients were separated by quartiles using average state income level and federal PL. Demographics and hospitalization rates were collected. Poison regression models estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) for CD-related hospitalizations. Incidence rate (IR) of hospitalization per 100-person years for the lowest income group was 118 (CI 91.4–152.3), highest income group was 29 (CI 21.7–38.9), Above PL was 26.9 (25.9–28.9), Below PL was 35.9 (33.1–38.9), CA was 25.3 (23.7–27), and AA was 51.4 (46.8–56.3). IRR for a CD-related hospitalization for lowest income group was 2.01 (CI 1.34–3.01), for Below PL was 1.26 (CI 1.12–1.42), and for AAs was 1.88 (CI 1.66–2.12). SES and race are both associated with hospitalization among CD patients and need further investigation.
Myocardial Effective Transverse Relaxation Time T 2 * is Elevated in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A 7.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Huelnhagen Till , Ku Min-Chi , Reimann Henning Matthias , Serradas Duarte Teresa , Pohlmann Andreas , Flemming Bert , Seeliger Erdmann , Eichhorn Christina , A. Ferrari Victor , Prothmann Marcel , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Niendorf Thoralf 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic disease of the myocardium and bares the risk of progression to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. Identifying patients at risk remains an unmet need. Recognizing the dependence of microscopic susceptibility on tissue microstructure and on cardiac macromorphology we hypothesized that myocardial T2*might be altered in HCM patients compared to healthy controls. To test this hypothesis, myocardial T2*-mapping was conducted at 7.0 Tesla to enhance T2*-contrast. 2D CINE T2*-mapping was performed in healthy controls and HCM patients. To ensure that T2*is not dominated by macroscopic magnetic field inhomogeneities, volume selective B0shimming was applied. T2*changes in the interventricular septum across the cardiac cycle were analyzed together with left ventricular radius and ventricular septal wall thickness. The results show that myocardial T2*is elevated throughout the cardiac cycle in HCM patients compared to healthy controls. A mean septal T2* = 13.7 ± 1.1 ms (end-systole: T2*,systole = 15.0 ± 2.1, end-diastole: T2*,diastole = 13.4 ± 1.3 ms, T2*,systole/T2*,diastoleratio = 1.12) was observed in healthy controls. For HCM patients a mean septal T2* = 17.4 ± 1.4 ms (end-systole: T2*,systole = 17.7 ± 1.2 ms, end-diastole: T2*,diastole = 16.2 ± 2.5 ms, T2*,systole/T2*,diastoleratio = 1.09) was found. Our preliminary results provide encouragement that assessment of T2*and its changes across the cardiac cycle may benefit myocardial tissue characterization in HCM.
Monosulfonicpillar[5]arene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Complexation with Tetraphenylethene for Aggregation-Induced Emission
Authors: Jin Xiao-Yu , Song Nan , Wang Xu , Wang Chun-Yu , Wang Yan , Yang Ying-Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA pillar[5]arene derivative with a hydrophilic sulfonic group, i.e., monosulfonicpillar[5]arene (MSP5), has been successfully synthesized for the first time, which exhibited strong binding affinity towards alcohol analogs. Significantly, fluorescent supramolecular ensemble was fabricated from the supramolecular complexation of MSP5 and a neutral guest with tetraphenylethene core. Enhanced fluorescent emission of this system can be detected both in dilute solution and the solid state, and its temperature and competitive guest multi-responsive properties suggest its promising application as a chemical sensor towards alcohol analogs, ethylenediamine, and temperature variations.
Language Assessment for Children With a Range of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Four Languages in South Africa
Authors: Romski MaryAnn , Bornman Juan , Sevcik Rose A. , Tönsing Kerstin , Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Morwane Refilwe , Whitmore Ani , White Robyn 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is (a) to examine the applicability of a culturally and linguistically adapted measure to assess the receptive and expressive language skills of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in South Africa and then (b) to explore the contributions of 2 additional language measures.

Method
In Part 1, 100 children with NDD who spoke Afrikaans, isiZulu, Setswana, or South African English were assessed on the culturally and linguistically adapted Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL). Clinicians independently rated the children's language skills on a 3-point scale. In Part 2, the final 20 children to be recruited participated in a caregiver-led interaction, after which the caregiver completed a rating scale about their perceptions of their children's language.

Results
Performance on the MSEL was consistent with clinician-rated child language skills. The 2 additional measures confirmed and enriched the description of the child's performance on the MSEL.

Conclusions
The translated MSEL and the supplemental measures successfully characterize the language profiles and related skills in children with NDD in multilingual South Africa. Together, these assessment tools can serve a valuable function in guiding the choice of intervention and also may serve as a way to monitor progress.
Masked Repetition Priming Treatment for Anomia
Authors: Silkes JoAnn P. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Masked priming has been suggested as a way to directly target implicit lexical retrieval processes in aphasia. This study was designed to investigate repeated use of masked repetition priming to improve picture naming in individuals with anomia due to aphasia.

Method
A single-subject, multiple-baseline design was used across 6 people with aphasia. Training involved repeated exposure to pictures that were paired with masked identity primes or sham primes. Two semantic categories were trained in series for each participant. Analyses assessed treatment effects, generalization within and across semantic categories, and effects on broader language skills, immediately and 3 months after treatment.

Results
Four of the 6 participants improved in naming trained items immediately after treatment. Improvements were generally greater for items that were presented in training with masked identity primes than items that were presented repeatedly during training with masked sham primes. Generalization within and across semantic categories was limited. Generalization to broader language skills was inconsistent.

Conclusion
Masked repetition priming may improve naming for some individuals with anomia due to aphasia. A number of methodological and theoretical insights into further development of this treatment approach are discussed.
An Initial Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Word Processing in Preschoolers With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Haebig Eileen , Leonard Laurence , Usler Evan , Deevy Patricia , Weber Christine 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Previous behavioral studies have found deficits in lexical–semantic abilities in children with specific language impairment (SLI), including reduced depth and breadth of word knowledge. This study explored the neural correlates of early emerging familiar word processing in preschoolers with SLI and typical development.

Method
Fifteen preschoolers with typical development and 15 preschoolers with SLI were presented with pictures followed after a brief delay by an auditory label that did or did not match. Event-related brain potentials were time locked to the onset of the auditory labels. Children provided verbal judgments of whether the label matched the picture.

Results
There were no group differences in the accuracy of identifying when pictures and labels matched or mismatched. Event-related brain potential data revealed that mismatch trials elicited a robust N400 in both groups, with no group differences in mean amplitude or peak latency. However, the typically developing group demonstrated a more robust late positive component, elicited by mismatch trials.

Conclusions
These initial findings indicate that lexical–semantic access of early acquired words, indexed by the N400, does not differ between preschoolers with SLI and typical development when highly familiar words are presented in isolation. However, the typically developing group demonstrated a more mature profile of postlexical reanalysis and integration, indexed by an emerging late positive component. The findings lay the necessary groundwork for better understanding processing of newly learned words in children with SLI.
Impact of young stellar components on quiescent galaxies: deconstructing cosmic chronometers
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Vazdekis A. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Cosmic chronometers may be used to measure the age difference between passively evolving galaxy populations to calculate the Hubble parameter H(z) as a function of redshift z. The age estimator emerges from the relationship between the amplitude of the rest frame Balmer break at 4000 Å and the age of a galaxy, assuming that there is one single stellar population within each galaxy.
Aims. First, we analyze the effect on the age estimates from the possible contamination (< 2.4% of the stellar mass in our high-redshift sample) of a young component of ≲ 100 Myr embedded within the predominantly old population of the quiescent galaxy. Recent literature has shown this combination to be present in very massive passively evolving galaxies. Second, we evaluate how the available data compare with the predictions of nine different cosmological models.
Methods. For the first task, we calculated the average flux contamination due to a young component in the Balmer break from the data of 20 galaxies at z > 2 that included photometry from the far-ultraviolet to near-infrared at rest. For the second task, we compared the data with the predictions of each model, using a new approach of distinguishing between systematic and statistical errors. In previous work with cosmic chronometers, these have simply been added in quadrature. We also evaluated the effects of contamination by a young stellar component.
Results. The ages inferred using cosmic chronometers represent a galaxy-wide average rather than a characteristic of the oldest population alone. The average contribution from the young component to the rest luminosity at 4000 Å may constitute a third of the luminosity in some samples, which means that this is far from negligible. This ratio is significantly dependent on stellar mass, proportional to M−07. Consequently, the measurements of the absolute value of the age or the differential age between different redshifts are at least partially incorrect and make the calculation of H(z) very inaccurate. Some cosmological models, such as the Einstein-de Sitter model or quasi-steady state cosmology, which are rejected under the assumption of a purely old population, can be made compatible with the predicted ages of the Universe as a function of redshift if we take this contamination into account. However, the static Universe models are rejected by these H(z) measurements, even when this contamination is taken into account.
A Multilayered Technique for Repair of the Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Craniotomy
Authors: Goodarzi Amir , Ahmadpour Arjang , Toussi Atrin , Shahlaie Kiarash 
Published: February 2018

Objective Our primary objective was to retrospectively review our single institution experience using an anatomic multilayered repair of the retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy. Our secondary objective was to review the existing body of literature on the repair of this craniotomy and compare our outcomes to previous results.
Design Retrospective review of 25 consecutive patients undergoing repair for the retrosigmoid craniotomy.
Setting University of California Davis Medical Center (2010–2016).
Participants A total of 25 consecutive patients who underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy and repair. Exclusion criteria included patients who were under the age of 18 years.
Main Outcome Measures Main outcomes included incidence of postoperative headache, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and wound infections.
Results Postoperative headache was reported in two patients in this series (8%). None of the patients in the series developed cerebrospinal fluid leak or wound infections. Mean follow-up period was 16 months.
Conclusion Our multilayered anatomic repair after retrosigmoid suboccipital craniotomy results in favorable clinical results and may help reduce the risks associated with this operation.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Resection of a Pediatric Craniopharyngioma: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James , Eloy Jean 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a pediatric case of a retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma in the suprasellar region with third ventricular extension that was resected through a purely endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) via the transplanum transtuberculum corridor. The patient is a 12-year-old boy who presented with progressive visual loss and panhypopituitarism. The EEA allows direct visualization of the undersurface of the optic chiasm and hypothalamus so that safe and meticulous tumor dissection can be performed to preserve these critical neurovascular structures. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances of the endoscopic skull base approach, microdissection of the tumor from the critical neurovascular structures, and multilayered reconstruction of the skull base defect with a nasoseptal flap. A gross total resection was achieved, and the patient was neurologically intact with improved visual acuity and visual fields. In summary, the EEA via the transplanum transtuberculum corridor is an important strategy in the armamentarium for surgical management of pediatric craniopharyngiomas.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/bmgO_PMRHPk.
Ärztliche Schweigepflicht im Leistungs- und Spitzensport
Authors: Striegel Heiko 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis ist ganz wesentlich durch die ärztliche Schweigepflicht geprägt. Danach hat der Arzt über alles zu Schweigen, was ihm als Arzt in diesem Zusammenhang bekannt geworden ist. Die Verletzung der ärztlichen Schweigepflicht stellt ein strafrechtlich und berufsrechtlich relevantes Fehlverhalten dar. Dies ist nur dann nicht rechtswidrig, wenn eine Offenbarungsbefugnis oder Offenbarungspflicht des Arztes besteht. Eine Offenbarungsbefugnis liegt dann vor, wenn der Patient den Arzt ausdrücklich oder durch schlüssiges Handeln von der Schweigepflicht entbindet. Ärzte, die Patienten parallel oder hintereinander behandeln, dürfen davon ausgehen, dass sie insoweit gegenüber ihren mitbehandelnden Kollegen von der Schweigepflicht entbunden sind. Darüber hinaus darf der Arzt die Schweigepflicht verletzen, wenn ein höherwertiges Interesse an der Offenbarung vorliegt. Diese Fallkonstellationen sind jedoch von der Rechtsprechung eng umgrenzt worden. Eine Offenbarungsbefugnis kann sich darüber hinaus aus gesetzlichen Regelungen ergeben. Offenbarungspflichten beschränken sich auf gesetzlich geregelte Fälle. Die ärztliche Schweigepflicht gilt auch bei der Behandlung von Sportlern uneingeschränkt. Es finden sich jedoch im Leistungs- und Spitzensport besondere Fallkonstellationen, in denen eine Offenbarungsbefugnis des Arztes besteht bzw. der Arzt davon ausgehen darf, dass der Sportler mit einer Weitergabe seiner Befunde an bestimmte Dritte einverstanden ist.