bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating role of depression on the link between physical activity and health-related quality of life among people with diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Priyono Djoko , Kim Sanghee 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
A correlation between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity has been identified. Many studies have discussed whether this correlation is significantly associated with depression in the general and diabetic populations. However, the role of depression in this relationship, especially in individuals with diabetes, remains incompletely understood.

Objective
This study investigated the relationship between PA and HRQoL, with depression as a potential mediator, in individuals with diabetes.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 1,472 individuals with diabetes who participated in the Korea Health Panel Survey (KHPS) from 2019 to 2020. Their sociodemographic characteristics, PA, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL based on EuroQol-five-dimension (EQ-5D) scores were extracted from the KHPS. The mediating effect of depression on PA and HRQoL was investigated using multiple regression and a mediation effect test.

Results
HRQoL was positively associated with PA, regular exercise, and varying degrees of walking activity. Conversely, depression was substantially negatively associated with HRQoL. Mediation analysis confirmed that depression partially mediated the relationship between PA and HRQoL. Specifically, for PA and regular exercise, the indirect effect of depression accounted for 46.61% (B = 0.002, p < 0.05) and 33.82% (B = 0.003, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In individuals with diabetes, depression was found to mediate the effect of PA on HRQoL. Therefore, conducting depression screening and managing depressive symptoms in this population is crucial to enhancing HRQoL through PA interventions. Consequently, strategies to enhance HRQoL can be effectively implemented and customized in response to particular depression screening outcomes.
Understanding tuberculosis transmission and progression: A prospective cohort study of index cases and close contacts in Moldova
Authors: Syed Rehan R. , Catanzaro Donald G. , Hillery Naomi , Crudu Valeriu , Tudor Elena , Ciobanu Nelly , Codreanu Alexandru , Borujeni Maryam Kheirandish , Catanzaro Antonino , Rodwell Timothy C. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
This study aims to determine the progression rate, risk factors and timeline for the progression from exposure to active tuberculosis (TB) in a high-risk population. Using a prospective cohort in the Republic of Moldova, we investigated pulmonary TB disease progression among close contacts of patients with TB in a low-burden country with high rates of drug-resistant TB.

Methods
Close contacts of patients with newly diagnosed TB were recruited and monitored to evaluate for progression rates to active TB. Data collected included demographic information, medical and exposure history, and clinical samples. Follow-up clinical evaluations of close contacts were conducted at regular intervals over at least 24 months to monitor for progression to TB disease.

Results
The overall incidence rate of TB disease among close contacts was 3.7%. Among the close contacts, 2.3% were identified as progressor cases, developing TB disease more than 30 days after index case treatment initiation. Thirteen (1.3%) were co-prevalent cases, diagnosed within 30 days of index case treatment initiation. Identified risk factors for progression included male sex, active tobacco use, prior TB infection, and frequent, prolonged exposure to index cases. Close contacts with daily exposure of more than eight hours had a significantly higher risk of disease progression (adjusted OR: 4.28, 95% CI: 1.79–10.23).

Conclusion
The incidence of TB disease among close contacts was consistent with global findings, highlighting the need for enhanced diagnostic tools and targeted interventions to manage TB transmission and progression. These results underscore the importance of contact tracing and progression monitoring in low-burden, high drug-resistant TB settings. Future research should focus on developing a better understanding of factors contributing to the risk for and timeline of TB disease progression, and more precise methods, including biomarkers, to identify individuals at the highest risk for progression from TB exposure to active disease.
Awareness and its determinant factors towards breast examination to detect breast cancer among reproductive age women in Kenya: Multi level analysis of the recent demographic and health survey data
Authors: Wassie Mulugeta , Zegeye Alebachew Ferede , Aemro Agazhe , Terefe Bewuketu , Zeleke Gebreeyesus Abera , Workneh Belayneh Shetie , Tekeba Berhan , Ali Mohamed Seid , Mekonen Enyew Getaneh , Tamir Tadesse Tarik 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Worldwide, breast cancer accounts for about 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths, making it the second most common cancer in women. It can be detected through breast examination like mammograms, self-breast examination and clinical breast examinations in the early stage potentially before it spreads to other organs. The current study aimed to determine the awareness of breast examination to detect breast cancer and its determinant factors.

Methods
A total of 16,474 women of reproductive age were included. The 2022 Kenyan demographic and health survey dataset were used. The data were analyzed using STATA version14.0. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was employed to identify potential factors of the outcome variable. Variables with p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Result
Nearly 44.4% of women were aware of breast examinations to detect breast cancer. Older age [AOR = 2.517, 95%CI: 2.11–3.00], higher educational level [AOR = 5.755, 95%CI: 4.631–7.153], being an active worker [AOR = 1.343, 95%CI:1.232–1.465], being the wealthiest [AOR = 1.526, 95%:1.336–1.744], use of the internet [AOR = 1.451, 95%CI:1.323–1.592], exposure to different media [AOR = 1.350, 95%CI:1.187–1.536] and health facility contact within 12 months [AOR = 1.496, 95%CI:1.385–1.615] were positively associated at the individual level, while low community poverty [AOR = 0.777, 95%:0.676–0.892] and high literacy level [AOR = 1.412, 95%CI:1.190–1.677] were significant factors at the community level.

Conclusion and recommendation
Less than half of the women were aware of breast examination to detect breast cancer. Older age, high level education, being active worker, exposure for media, using internet, being rich were favorable covariates at the individual level while high literacy and low poverty were found to be enabling factors at the community level. This study recommends that educating women, engaging them in different occupational activities, decreasing poverty, improving media and internet accessibility can bring positive change of women’s awareness towards breast examination.
Contractibility of boundaries of cocompact convex sets and embeddings of limit sets
Authors: Bregman Corey , Incerti-Medici Merlin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We provide sufficient conditions as to when a boundary component of a cocompact convex set in a

CAT

(

0

)

{\rm{CAT}}\left(0)

-space is contractible. We then use this to study when the limit set of a quasi-convex, codimension one subgroup of a negatively curved manifold group is “wild” in the boundary. The proof is based on a notion of coarse upper curvature bounds in terms of barycenters and the careful study of interpolation in geodesic metric spaces.
Diagnostic scope: the AI can’t see what the mind doesn’t know
Authors: Weissman Gary E. , Zwaan Laura , Bell Sigall K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic scope is the range of diagnoses found in a clinical setting. Although the diagnostic scope is an essential feature of training and evaluating artificial intelligence (AI) systems to promote diagnostic excellence, its impact on AI systems and the diagnostic process remains under-explored.

Content
We define the concept of diagnostic scope, discuss its nuanced role in building safe and effective AI-based diagnostic decision support systems, review current challenges to measurement and use, and highlight knowledge gaps for future research.

Summary
The diagnostic scope parallels the differential diagnosis although the latter is at the level of an encounter and the former is at the level of a clinical setting. Therefore, diagnostic scope will vary by local characteristics including geography, population, and resources. The true, observed, and considered scope in each setting may also diverge, both posing challenges for clinicians, patients, and AI developers, while also highlighting opportunities to improve safety. Further work is needed to systematically define and measure diagnostic scope in terms that are accurate, equitable, and meaningful at the bedside. AI tools tailored to a particular setting, such as a primary care clinic or intensive care unit, will each require specifying and measuring the appropriate diagnostic scope.

Outlook
AI tools will promote diagnostic excellence if they are aligned with patient and clinician needs and trained on an accurately measured diagnostic scope. A careful understanding and rigorous evaluation of the diagnostic scope in each clinical setting will promote optimal care through human-AI collaborations in the diagnostic process.
Cash-Holdings of Single Family Office-Owned Firms
Authors: Block Joern , Eroglu Onur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Single-Family Offices (SFOs) have become crucial for transgenerational wealth management of business families. Many SFOs directly invest in firms, yet their role as firm owners remains understudied. This study explores how SFO ownership impacts the cash holdings of their portfolio firms, with a comparative analysis against firms directly owned by business families. Cash holdings are critical for firms as they offer the flexibility to seize entrepreneurial opportunities and increase resilience in times of crisis. However, when cash is held in excess, it can also signal managerial opportunism. Using agency theory as our theoretical framework, we propose that SFOs are less effective as monitors compared to families that have a direct ownership stake in their firm. This reduced oversight shall lead SFO-owned firms to maintain higher cash reserves than family-owned firms. We test our predictions by comparing the cash holdings of a hand-collected sample of 173 SFO-owned firms in the DACH (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) region with the cash holdings of matched family-owned firms. Our study has three main findings. First, it reveals that firms owned SFOs maintain higher cash reserves compared to those owned directly by business families. Second, we show that this effect is more pronounced when the SFO has divested from its original family business. Finally, a post-hoc analysis indicates that the impact of cash holdings on future firm performance is more ambiguous and tends to be more negative in SFO-owned firms than in family-owned firms. Overall, these results suggest potential inefficiencies in cash utilization under SFO ownership. Our study contributes to the small but growing literature on (single) family offices. It also extends the family firm cash holdings literature. Practical implications exist for business-owning families with a family office or seeking to set up one.
Dissolution of abietic acid in water by the solid dispersion method using methylcellulose analogs
Authors: Aruga Satoshi , Teramoto Yoshikuni , Takano Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Solid dispersion materials of abietic acid (ABA) were prepared with methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) using a conventional solvent evaporation method. In these materials, ABA was incorporated in an amorphous form. During dissolution tests, ABA from ABA/MC and ABA/HPMC solid dispersion materials initially rapidly dissolved, followed by a decrease in the dissolution rate before eventually plateauing. The dissolution of ABA from ABA/CMC-Na solid dispersion materials was similar, although it increased slightly with an increased shaking time over a long period. ABA from ABA/MC solid dispersion materials exhibited a higher dissolution rate compared with ABA from both ABA/HPMC and ABA/CMC-Na solid dispersion materials. The amount of undissolved material from ABA/cellulose derivative solid dispersion materials was lower compared with ABA/cellulose nanofiber and ABA/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber solid dispersion materials. In addition, both ABA/MC and ABA/HPMC solid dispersion materials exhibited good growth-inhibitive effects against Trametes versicolor, a representative of white-rot fungus, compared with ABA/CMC-Na, ABA/cellulose nanofiber and ABA/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber solid dispersion materials. Consequently, MC proved to be the most effective water-soluble carrier for ABA in water among the cellulose derivatives tested.
To read is to cite: A moral proposition [Journal of Linguistic Anthropology]
Authors: Das Sonia N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the relationship between reading and citing and how journal editors can be involved in encouraging more of both practices in order to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. To explain how adherence to a citational politics will elevate scholarship and ameliorate existing inequalities in the academy, this essay reframes “to read is to cite” as a moral proposition that posits that reading with a purpose is good simply because it is based on a pre-determined intention to cite and include diverse works in conversation with one’s own now and in the indefinite future. Framed in this way, the proposition fosters an ongoing relationship with a scholarly work through readership and citation. It becomes a living contract to read and cite not once but frequently, and not endorse one type of diversity but the many types that one encounters over one’s entire career. Hence, this essay is less preoccupied with the goal of standardizing and codifying citational practices than with encouraging authors to engage with citational politics in the context of their own disciplines. Specific editorial strategies are explored – such as more thematic issues and greater publicizing on social media and other digital platforms. These strategies emphasize how editors must increase their curatorial role in the presentation of journal content to showcase the merits of an article for advancing a less-well known theme or topic, meeting DEI goals, and advancing knowledge in the field.
文字简化、学术产出与技术进化—来自中国的经验 [Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning]
Authors: Guo [郭熙] Xi , He [何山华] Shanhua 
Published: December 2024

摘要
本文基于中国过去一百年的经验，简要探讨了文字简化对于增进学术产出和技术进步的积极推动作用。在中国古代，繁体字和文言文将学术界生产的大量知识长期限制在很小比例的人口中，导致了后来严重的思想僵化、科技停滞和文化衰败。自20世纪以来，中国开展的汉字简化和普通话推广活动极大提升了人口教育水平，促进了科技发展、经济腾飞和文化兴盛。中国的经验显示，扩大知识生产人群、鼓励活跃知识生产对于文化发展存续，以及推进人工智能的发展具有高度重要性。
Ancient Individuals and Bourdieu in Context: A Historical Anthropological Response
Authors: Pfoh Emanuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This brief response article aims at addressing some of the themes covered in the main articles of this special issue of the Journal of Ancient History, “Social Biographies of the Ancient World,” from the perspective of historical anthropology. The emphasis is on the relevance of cultural variability for understanding historical situations, especially those coming from ancient contexts, and considering also the kind of textual and epigraphic sources we dispose of. The Bourdieuian approach to ancient historical contexts is understood within the contributions that the discipline of anthropology has made to historiography, particularly during the 1960 s and 1970 s and with regard to microhistorical approaches and other anthropologically influenced perspectives in history-writing.
Phytochemical analysis of Bienertia sinuspersici extract and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Aamer Helmy A. , Al-Askar Abdulaziz A. , El-Tanbouly Rania , Abdelwahab Eman A. , Kowalczewski Przemysław Ł. , El-Messeiry Sarah , Abdelkhalek Ahmed , Behiry Said 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Natural products derived from plants are emerging as a valuable resource for a range of antimicrobial agents in sustainable agriculture. The current work looks for the first time at the antimicrobial properties of a methanolic extract of Bienertia sinuspersici against phytopathogenic microorganisms in vitro, using disk diffusion and food poisoning techniques. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity measured at 34.2, 20.6, and 20.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of tannins, saponins, and alkaloids were documented at 17.6, 9.8, and 3.2 mg/g, respectively. The high-performance liquid chromatography examination of polyphenolic chemicals revealed that gallic acid was the most abundant compound at 2.22 mg/g, whereas methyl gallate was the least abundant at 0.021 mg/g. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the primary components were oleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, and methyl ester of 11-octadecenoic acid. The extract had a maximal inhibitory percentage of 57.8% against Fusarium oxysporum at 300 µg/mL, 60.4% against Rhizoctonia solani at 500 µg/mL, and 88.2% against Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, the extract demonstrated inhibition of Pectobacterium atrosepticum growth by 10.67 mm at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, while Ralstonia solanacearum was inhibited by 9.76 mm and Pectobacterium carotovorum by 9 mm. Overall, the extract of B. sinuspersici demonstrated promising efficacy as antibacterial and antifungal agents against different plant pathogens. Therefore, it could offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for managing plant diseases.
Führung und die Grenzen der Formalität am Beispiel Krankenhaus
Authors: Feißt Martin , Muster Judith 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Aus einer systemtheoretischen Perspektive lässt sich Führung als funktionales Äquivalent zu Strukturlösungen konzipieren. Sie tritt in organisierten Systemen auf den Plan, wenn Verhaltenserwartungen widersprüchlich oder unklar sind und somit problematisch werden – also genau dann, wenn Situationen über formale oder informale Strukturen nicht hinreichend abgesichert sind. Wenn verschiedene Organisationstypen anhand ihrer Formalstrukturen unterschieden werden, müssten sich hieraus auch organisationstypische Führungsbedarfe ableiten lassen. Mit Blick auf den Organisationstyp soziale personenbezogene Dienstleistungsorganisation im Allgemeinen und die Organisation Krankenhaus im Besonderen wird deutlich, warum Krankenhäuser an die Grenzen der Formalisierbarkeit stoßen und das regelmäßige Entstehen von kritischen Momenten ‚vorprogrammiert‘ ist. Am Beispiel von Führung systematisiert dieser Artikel sowohl theoretisch als auch empirisch, welche Regelungslücken in Krankenhäusern notwendigerweise entstehen und wie Führung zu ihrer Lösung beiträgt.
Progression in the study of protective effect of microRNAs against sevoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction and potential mechanisms
Authors: Chen Jun , Li Lin-Yan , Zhang Bo-Ya , Ma Hui-Jie , Feng Shuo , Li Min , Sun Yin-Gui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As one of the volatile anaesthetic drugs commonly used in clinical anaesthesia, sevoflurane is extensively used in general anaesthesia surgery because of its rapid induction, hemodynamic stability, and rapid metabolism. However, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is the most prevalent complications of its clinical application. Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis are currently believed to be the primary mechanisms responsible for the development of cognitive dysfunction. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can negatively regulate the expression of target genes, thereby influencing neurological and cognitive processes. Therefore, the effects and potential mechanisms of miRNAs on cognitive function may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of sevoflurane-induced POCD, a topic of intense research interest at the moment. The mechanisms involved in sevoflurane-induced POCD, the regulation of miRNAs expression by sevoflurane, and the effects of miRNAs on target genes and downstream signalling pathways were reviewed in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of miRNAs on cognitive function.
Interaction of fetuin-A with obesity related insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Öner-İyidoğan Yıldız , Koçak Hikmet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fetuin-A (FetA) is a glycoprotein primarily synthesized in hepatocytes, but recent studies have demonstrated that it is also synthesized in adipose tissue, classifying it as both a hepatokine and an adipokine. FetA has been shown to play a role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby controlling overall body homeostasis. Elevated serum FetA levels have been reported in obesity, and this increase has been associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the variations of FetA in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is crucial for the development of preventive strategies. Studies examining the molecular pathways involved in the relationship between FetA, adipose tissue, IR, and T2DM have shown that deviations in the expression of transcription factors such as nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in pancreatic, adipose, and liver cells contribute to the increase in FetA and the development of IR and/or T2DM. Consequently, future studies aimed at suppressing transcription factors in the signaling pathways that increase FetA expression, and identifying new agents that can regulate FetA secretion, could be therapeutically beneficial in treating obesity and obesity-related complications.
Governança e mobilidade inteligente para proteção do patrimônio.
Authors: Sehn Paulo Gustavo , Kayser Vargas Mangan Patrícia 
Published: December 2024

Este artigo objetiva problematizar os impasses entre o propósito das cidades e alguns dos problemas advindos da ascendente urbanização. Os desafios para a gestão das cidades em crescimento são consideráveis, mas quando as tecnologias que viabilizam cidades inteligentes passam a fazer parte do planejamento urbano, muitos destes problemas poderão ser amenizados ou até eventualmente solucionados. Um exemplo é o impacto gerado no patrimônio material pela poluição dos veículos automotores, no qual a mobilidade inteligente e meios de transporte alternativos podem ser fomentados para a minimização destes impactos. Considera-se que a tecnologia da informação e da comunicação terá que compor a gestão pública e fornecer dados para uma gestão inteligente, inclusive na dimensão de divulgação e preservação dos bens culturais. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, este artigo avalia como as cidades inteligentes poderão minimizar os impactos gerados pela crescente urbanização na preservação de patrimônio material.