bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical correlates of food addiction symptoms and body mass index in the general population
Authors: Beyer Frauke , García‐García Isabel , Heinrich Matthias , Schroeter Matthias L. , Sacher Julia , Luck Tobias , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Stumvoll Michael , Villringer Arno , Witte A. Veronica 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe food addiction model suggests neurobiological similarities between substance‐related and addictive disorders and obesity. While structural brain differences have been consistently reported in these conditions, little is known about the neuroanatomical correlates of food addiction. We therefore aimed to determine whether symptoms of food addiction related to body mass index (BMI), personality, and brain structure in a large population‐based sample. Participants of the LIFE‐Adult study (n = 625; 20–59 years old, 45% women) answered the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and further personality measures, underwent anthropometric assessments and high‐resolution 3T‐neuroimaging. A higher YFAS symptom score correlated with higher BMI, eating behavior traits, neuroticism, and stress. Higher BMI predicted significantly lower thickness of (pre)frontal, temporal and occipital cortex and increased volume of left nucleus accumbens. In a whole‐brain analysis, YFAS symptom score was not associated with significant differences in cortical thickness or subcortical gray matter volumes. A hypothesis‐driven Bayes factor analysis suggested a small, additional contribution of YFAS symptom score to lower right lateral orbitofrontal cortex thickness over the effect of BMI. Our study indicates that symptoms of food addiction do not account for the major part of the structural brain differences associated with BMI in the general population. Yet, symptoms of food addiction might explain additional variance in orbitofrontal cortex, a hub area of the reward network. Longitudinal studies implementing both anatomical and functional MRI could further disentangle the neural mechanisms of addictive eating behaviors.
Heme‐Derived Bilins
Authors: Takemoto Jon Y. , Chang Cheng‐Wei T. , Chen Dong , Hinton Garrett 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLiving things on Earth depend on heme – the iron‐cyclic tetrapyrrole complex that harnesses iron's oxidizing powers. Heme is toxic, but Nature has evolved ways to control it. One way is breaking it with heme oxygenase which lowers its levels and begins the formation of linear tetrapyrroles called bilins. Bilins occur in many variations, often colorful, sometimes in abundance, and in animals, plants and microbes. Contrary to early notions, bilins are not only waste products of heme degradation. They are increasingly appreciated for their diverse roles such as sensing and gathering light, regulating growth and aging, responding to inflammatory conditions, and influencing behavior. The diverse functions of bilins are exploited with discoveries and uses of bioactive bilins for salutary benefits in medicine and agriculture. Opportunities for finding new bioactive bilins and applications will grow as knowledge of bilin biology and capabilities for producing bilins continue to expand.
Maternal death reviews: A retrospective case series of 90 hospital‐based maternal deaths in 11 hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Baharuddin Mohammad , Amelia Dwirani , Suhowatsky Stephanie , Kusuma Ary , Suhargono Mohammad Hud , Eng Benjamin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors contributing to hospital‐based maternal deaths in Indonesia, given most women deliver with skilled birth attendants and in health facilities.MethodsA retrospective review of case records examined quality of care issues related to maternal mortality in hospital settings. The review abstracted information from blinded medical records of 90 women who died in 11 hospitals from January to June 2014. Specialists from the Indonesian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology reviewed abstracted records to determine causes of death and identify contextual factors for these deaths.ResultsSeventy‐five of the 90 maternal deaths (83%) reviewed were due to direct obstetric causes. Severe pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia combined were the leading direct cause of death (42%). Human resource/health worker factors were more frequently identified than supply, facility, or infrastructure factors. Ninety percent of maternal deaths were classified as preventable.ConclusionThe review exercise yielded useful information on factors contributing to preventable maternal mortality in hospitals in Indonesia. Results helped focus quality improvement efforts and increased awareness of the value of routine, in‐depth facility‐based maternal death reviews.
Hesperidin modulates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis in rats: Targeting sphingosine kinase‐1‐ sphingosine 1 phosphate signaling pathway, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis
Authors: Shafik Noha M. , Gaber Rasha A. , Mohamed Darin A. , Ebeid Abla M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder interfering with life quality. A total of 60 male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups: Control (group I), hesperidin only (group II), UC untreated (group III), and UC treated with hesperidin (group IV). Hesperidin had modulatory effects on UC pathogenesis, which might be through alleviating colonic sphingosine phosphate phosphatase 2 messenger RNA expression and sphingosine kinase‐1 levels, thus suppressing the subsequent downstream inflammatory and apoptotic cascades represented by decreased macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α and enhancement of B‐cell lymphoma 2 immunohistochemistry expression. Also, it improved mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma‐coactivator 1‐α level. It successfully restored redox potential as evidenced by marked alleviations of the nitric oxide and peroxynitrite levels, increasing total antioxidant capacity, and activating the superoxide dismutase enzyme. Also, hesperidin alleviated the UC disease activity index and improved the histopathological picture. These findings may offer a new therapeutic strategy for UC treatment.
Comparison and cost analysis of three protocols for mobilization and apheresis of haematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: López‐Castaño Francisco , Manresa Pablo , Díaz Vanesa , Arranz Eva , López Javier , Pérez María , Alda Olga , Hernández Luis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAutologous bone marrow transplantation is a component of the malignant hemopathy therapy. The preferred mobilization and collection method is apheresis. The aim of this study is to compare three protocols analyzing the effect of plerixafor, higher dose of G‐CSF and large volume leukapheresis (LVL).Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study including 119 patients referred for mobilization. Three protocols were compared: (a) G‐CSF 10 μg/kg/day subcutaneous (sc) × 4 days mobilizing 1 to 1.5 blood volumes. (b) G‐CSF 10 μg/kg/day sc × 4 days + plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg/day sc preventively or as a rescue agent mobilizing 1 to 1.5 blood volumes. (c) G‐CSF 20 μg/kg/day sc × 4 days ± plerixafor 0.24 mg/kg/day sc preventively or as a rescue agent mobilizing 3 to 4 blood volumes.ResultsThe average number of days of apheresis was reduced to 1.37 with protocol 3. The average cost per patient was reduced by 67% compared with protocol 2 and increased by only 5% compared with protocol 1, reducing the failure rate to 0%.ConclusionAdding preemptive or rescue plerixafor (protocol 2) to G‐CSF 10 μg/kg/day alone (protocol 1) did not improve the days of apheresis nor the number of CD34+ cells collected but had higher cost and failure rate. Using LVL, plerixafor and G‐CSF 20 μg/kg/day (protocol 3) decreased the number of sessions to 1.37, reduced the failure rate to 0% and led to a significant increase in the number of CD34+ cells collected without toxicity and with a similar cost to protocol 1.
Overexpression of Hsc70 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells
Authors: Sun Guan , Cao Ying , Xu Yitian , Huai De , chen Ping , Guo Jun , Li Min , Dai Yuyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMigration and invasion are often recognized as the main reasons for the high recurrence and death rates of glioma and limit the efficacy of surgery and other antitumor therapies. In this study, we found over activation of heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in human glioma specimens, which was closely related to glioma grade. We investigated whether Hsc70 induced the migration and invasion of glioma cells. Wound healing and transwell migration assay were used to determine the migration and invasion ability of human glioma U251 and U87 cells, in which the expression of Hsc70 was knocked down by small interfering RNA. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of FAK‐Src signaling in malignant glioma cells. The results showed that Hsc70 deficiency significantly retarded migration and invasion and reduced the phosphorylation of FAK, Src, and Pyk2 in U251 and U87 cells. Overall, our results indicate that the migration and invasion capacity of human brain glioma cells is at least partly induced by Hsc70‐dependent activation of FAK‐Src signaling.
AP‐1 and Mitf interact with NFATc1 to stimulate cathepsin K promoter activity in osteoclast precursors
Authors: Pang Manhui , Rodríguez‐Gonzalez Maria , Hernandez Mireya , Recinos Claudia Carolina , Seldeen Kenneth Ladd , Troen Bruce Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCathepsin K (CTSK) is a secreted protease that plays an essential role in osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoporotic bone loss. We have previously shown that activator protein 1 (AP‐1) stimulates CTSK promoter activity and that proximal nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1)‐binding sites play a major role in the stimulation of CTSK gene expression by receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). In the present study, we have extended these observations and further dissected the effects of transcription factors involved in the regulation of CTSK gene expression. Our aim was to investigate the cooperative interplay among transcription factors AP‐1, microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (Mitf), and NFATc1, and the consequent regulatory effects on CTSK transcription. Experiments were carried out in RAW 264.7 cells, which can be readily differentiated to osteoclasts upon RANKL stimulation. Our data show that AP‐1, Mitf, and NFATc1 are capable of independently stimulating CTSK promoter activity. A combination of any two factors further enhances CTSK promoter activity, with the combination of AP‐1 (c‐fos/c‐jun) and NFATc1 inducing the largest increase. We further identify a synergistic effect when all three factors cooperate intimately at the proximal promoter region, yielding maximal transcriptional upregulation of the CTSK promoter. RANKL induces temporal localization of AP‐1 and NFATc1 to the CTSK promoter. These results suggest that the interaction of multiple transcription factors mediate a maximal response to RANKL‐induced CTSK gene expression.
Diversity of probiotic adhesion genes in the gastrointestinal tract of goats
Authors: Subramaniyan Vishnupriya , Gurumurthy Kalaichelvan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) microflora is an important system in the host, as it has both pathogenic and probiotic bacteria. Most of the studies were focused on the human gut microflora and the available information on the intestinal microflora of goats was limited. This urged the need to inspect the impacts of the goat's gut microflora. Metagenomic investigation of probiotic bacteria in the GI tract of goat is one of the challenging streams because of the less available data of the uncultivable bacteria. In our report, comparative analysis of metagenomic and enrichment samples of goat intestinal content was done and this approach will be helpful in analyzing the identification of uncultivable and cultivable probiotic bacteria. This study mainly focused on three key probiotic adhesion genes, such as EF‐Tu, mapA, and mub. The GI of four different goats were investigated for these genes. The data from this study showed that there is a wide diversity of these genes among goat intestinal samples.
Frontline Science: Mast cells regulate neutrophil homeostasis by influencing macrophage clearance activity
Authors: Jachetti Elena , D’Incà Federica , Danelli Luca , Magris Raffaella , Dal Secco Chiara , Vit Filippo , Cancila Valeria , Tripodo Claudio , Scapini Patrizia , Colombo Mario Paolo , Pucillo Carlo , Frossi Barbara 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase cKit and its ligand stem cell factor are essential for mast cells (MC) development and survival. Strains with mutations affecting the Kit gene display a profound MC deficiency in all tissues and have been extensively used to investigate the role of MC in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. However, these mice present a variety of abnormalities in other immune cell populations that can affect the interpretation of MC-related responses. C57BL/6 KitW-sh are characterized by an aberrant extramedullary myelopoiesis and systemic neutrophilia. MC deficiency in KitW-sh mice can be selectively repaired by engraftment with in vitro-differentiated MC to validate MC-specific functions. Nevertheless, the impact of MC reconstitution on other immune populations has never been evaluated in detail. Here, we specifically investigated the neutrophil compartment in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of C57BL/6 KitW-sh mice before and after MC reconstitution. We found that, albeit not apparently affecting neutrophils phenotype or maturation, MC reconstitution of KitW-sh mice restored the number of neutrophils at a level similar to that of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In vitro and ex vivo experiments indicated that MC can influence neutrophil clearance by increasing macrophages’ phagocytic activity. Furthermore, the G-CSF/IL-17 axis was also influenced by the presence or absence of MC in KitW-sh mice. These data suggest that MC play a role in the control of neutrophil homeostasis and that this aspect should be taken into account in the interpretation of results obtained using KitW-sh mice.
Human neutrophils activated via TLR8 promote Th17 polarization through IL-23
Authors: Tamassia Nicola , Arruda-Silva Fabio , Wright Helen L , Moots Robert J , Gardiman Elisa , Bianchetto-Aguilera Francisco , Gasperini Sara , Capone Manuela , Maggi Laura , Annunziato Francesco , Edwards Steven W , Cassatella Marco A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Human neutrophils contribute to the regulation of inflammation via the generation of a range of cytokines that affect all elements of the immune system. Here, we investigated their ability to express some of the members of the IL-12 family after incubation with TLR8 agonists. Highly pure human neutrophils were thus incubated for up to 48 h with or without R848, or other TLR8 agonists, to then measure the expression levels of transcripts and proteins for IL-12 family member subunits by RNA-seq, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and ELISA. We show a TLR8-mediated inducible expression of IL-12B and IL-23A, but not IL-12A, mRNA, which occurs via chromatin remodeling (as assessed by ChIP-seq), and subsequent production of IL-23 and IL-12B, but no IL-12, proteins. Induction of IL-23 requires endogenous TNF-α, as both mRNA and protein levels were blocked in TLR8-activated neutrophils via a TNF-α-neutralizing Ab. We also show that supernatants from TLR8-activated neutrophils, but not autologous monocytes, induce the differentiation of Th17 cells from naïve T cells in an IL-23-dependent fashion. This study unequivocally demonstrates that highly pure human neutrophils express and produce IL-23, further supporting the key roles played by these cells in the important IL-17/IL-23 network and Th17 responses.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping as a quantitative imaging biomarker for prediction of immunohistochemical receptor status, proliferation rate, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Horvat Joao V. , Bernard‐Davila Blanca , Helbich Thomas H. , Zhang Michelle , Morris Elizabeth A. , Thakur Sunitha B. , Ochoa‐Albiztegui R. Elena , Leithner Doris , Marino Maria A. , Baltzer Pascal A. , Clauser Paola , Kapetas Panagiotis , Bago‐Horvath Zsuzsanna , Pinker Katja 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping is one of the most useful additional MRI parameters to improve diagnostic accuracy and is now often used in a multiparameric imaging setting for breast tumor detection and characterization.PurposeTo evaluate whether different ADC metrics can also be used for prediction of receptor status, proliferation rate, and molecular subtype in invasive breast cancer.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 107 patients with invasive breast cancer met the inclusion criteria (mean age 57 years, range 32–87) and underwent multiparametric breast MRI.Field Strength/Sequence3 T, readout‐segmented echo planar imaging (rsEPI) with IR fat suppression, dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted turbo‐spin echo (TSE) with fatsat.AssessmentTwo readers independently drew a region of interest on ADC maps on the whole tumor (WTu), and on its darkest part (DpTu). Minimum, mean, and maximum ADC values of both WTu and DpTu were compared for receptor status, proliferation rate, and molecular subtypes.Statistical TestsWilcoxon rank sum, Mann–Whitney U‐tests for associations between radiologic features and histopathology; histogram and q‐q plots, Shapiro–Wilk's test to assess normality, concordance correlation coefficient for precision and accuracy; receiver operating characteristics curve analysis.ResultsEstrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status had significantly different ADC values for both readers. Maximum WTu (P = 0.0004 and 0.0005) and mean WTu (P = 0.0101 and 0.0136) were significantly lower for ER‐positive tumors, while PR‐positive tumors had significantly lower maximum WTu values (P = 0.0089 and 0.0047). Maximum WTu ADC was the only metric that was significantly different for molecular subtypes for both readers (P = 0.0100 and 0.0132) and enabled differentiation of luminal tumors from nonluminal (P = 0.0068 and 0.0069) with an area under the curve of 0.685 for both readers.Data ConclusionMaximum WTu ADC values may be used to differentiate luminal from other molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:836–846.
Identification of human parvovirus B19 among measles and rubella suspected patients from Cuba
Authors: de los Ángeles Ribas María , Tejero Yahisel , Cordero Yanislet , Pérez Daileny , Sausy Aurélie , Muller Claude P. , Hübschen Judith M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBetween September 2014 and December 2015, 298 sera from rash and fever patients from all over Cuba were investigated for specific IgM antibodies against measles, rubella, dengue, human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. B19V IgM positive and equivocal samples were investigated by a polymerase chain reaction and genotyping. No measles, rubella or dengue cases were detected. HHV6‐IgM antibodies were confirmed in 5.7% and B19V‐IgM antibodies in 10.7% of the patients. A total of 31.3% of the B19V cases were between 5 and 9 years old and 34.4% were 20 years and older. The only B19V sequence obtained belonged to genotype 1a. Diagnosis was established for only 16% of the rash and fever patients, suggesting that other diseases such as Zika or Chikungunya may play a role.
Splitting nitrogen applications improves wheat storage protein composition under low N supply
Authors: Rossmann Anne , Pitann Britta , Mühling Karl-Hermann 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor the baking quality of wheat flours, the composition and concentration of grain protein are crucial. It is common practice to use late nitrogen (N) application to increase grain protein concentration (GPC) and hence, improve baking quality. However, the use of N fertilizer—particularly shortly before harvest—involves environmental risks. With the suitability of GPC as a parameter for baking quality predictions being more and more questioned, there are further investigations needed considering not only the GPC but also the composition of grain protein. Gluten protein composition varies depending on genotype and environmental factors, such as weather conditions and fertilization rate. To examine whether the effect of a split N application varies under different amounts of total N supply, this study investigates the effects of split nitrogen application on grain protein concentration and composition of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. JB Asano) at four different N fertilization levels (0.8; 1.0; 1.2, and 1.4 g N pot−1) in a pot experiment. The GPC was affected by both, N fertilization level and split N application. In this experiment, the minimum GPC of 13%, which is required for class A wheat varieties, was only achieved when N supply was moderate (at least 1.2 g N per pot). Considering the storage protein composition, the split N application influenced the proportion of α‐/β‐gliadins and γ‐gliadins, the alterations being inconsistent. The ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) to low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits was increased by the split N application only at the lowest N fertilization level. It is concluded that splitting N fertilization into three doses and hence applying one dose of N late in the season can still be a useful approach to improve GPC as well as protein composition – especially when the total N supply is low.
Size dependence of metabolism within marine picoplankton populations
Authors: Casey John R. , Björkman Karin M. , Ferrón Sara , Karl David M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCell size is broadly applied as a convenient parameterization of ecosystem models and is widely applicable to constrain the activities of organisms spanning large size ranges. However, the size structure of the majority of the marine picoplankton assemblage is narrow and beneath the lower size limit of the empirical allometric relationships established so far (typically >1 μm). We applied a fine‐resolution (0.05 μm increments) size fractionation method to estimate the size dependence of metabolic activities of picoplankton populations in the 0.10–1.00 μm size interval within the surface North Pacific Subtropical Gyre microbial assemblage. Group‐specific carbon retained on each filter was quantified by flow cytometric conversion of light scatter to cellular carbon quotas. Median carbon quotas were 25.7, 22.6, and 5.9 fg C cell−1 for populations of the picocyanobacterium Prochlorococcus, high‐scatter heterotrophs, and low‐scatter heterotrophs, respectively. Carbon‐specific rates of primary production as a function of cell size, using the 14C method, and phosphate transport, using 33P radiotracers, resulted in negative power scalings (b) within populations of Prochlorococcus and heterotrophs of b = −1.3 and b = −1.1, respectively. These findings are in contrast to the positive empirical power scaling comprising the broader and larger prokaryote category (b = 0.7) and point to within‐population variability in cell physiology and metabolism for these important microbial groups.