bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐inspired low dielectric phenol formaldehyde laminates for electrical insulation applications
Authors: Nimanpure Subhash , Hashmi Syed Azhar Rasheed , Kumar Rajnish , Naik Ajay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this research work, the effect of individual and hybridized reinforcement of sisal fibrils with randomly distributed short sisal fibers has been investigated. The sisal fibrils (SP) and sisal fibers (SF) were reinforced with phenol formaldehyde matrix using hot stage compression molding technique. Composite laminates were prepared keeping the total wt% of the fibrils/fibers to be 40. The mechanical strength of SP reinforced phenol formaldehyde laminates was found to be superior as compared to sisal fiber and sisal fibril/fiber hybrid reinforced laminates. The 40 wt% sisal fibril reinforced composite laminates (SP40PF60) showed 73% and 25% increase in tensile strength, 78% and 23% increase in flexural strength, and 174% and 44% increase in impact strength as compared to 40 wt% sisal fiber reinforced laminates (SF40PF60) and 40 wt% hybrid reinforced (having equal proportion of fibrils and fibers) laminates (SF20SP20PF60). The dielectric properties of SP40PF60 increased by 14% and 9% as compared to SF40PF60 and SF20SP20PF60 laminates. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis analysis also showed higher thermal stability for sisal fibril phenol formaldehyde laminates than pure fiber and fibril/fiber hybrid laminates. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to understand the nature of fibril/fiber/matrix interface. These laminates have been specially designed for press boards used in transformer assembly as environment friendly high mechanical strength and electrical insulating material. Additionally, these laminates can be useful for various fields such as electrical and aerospace industry.
A Synthesis of a Dust Suppressant Using the Cellulose Extracted from Maize Straw
Authors: Wang Hongkun , Nie Wen , Zhang Haihan , Jin Hu , Bao Qiu , Yan Jiayi , Liu Qiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a cellulose‐based dust suppressant is synthesized using common maize straw as the raw material. In order to obtain high‐quality cellulose, a chemical, acid‐based treatment is employed for the extraction of cellulose and the removal of hemicellulose and lignin. By using polyvinyl alcohol (PVC) as a monomer, potassium persulfate (K2S2O4) as an initiator, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as a crosslinker, and glycerol (C3H8O3) as a plasticizer (mass ratios of 28.5%, 1.0%, 0.5%, and 19.0%, respectively), the polyvinyl alcohol grafted cellulose dust suppressant is fabricated in a water bath of 70 ˚C after 5 h. The characteristics of the dust suppressant are measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analyzer, universal testing machine, and wind tunnel simulation platform. At a concentration of 5%, the dust suppressant demonstrates some excellent functionality, such as economic rationality, film‐forming capability, compression resistance, temperature adaptability, and wind erosion resistance. As the raw material is easy to obtain and pollution‐free, this new dust suppressant has promising market prospects.
Relationship between oxidative stress and sexual coloration of
lizards depends on thermal habitat
Authors: Mészáros Boglárka , Jordán Lilla , Bajer Katalin , Martín José , Török János , Molnár Orsolya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sexual signals serve as an honest indicator of individual quality,
reflecting either developmental and/or maintenance costs. A possible underlying
physiological mechanism is oxidative stress, which could mediate energy trade-offs
between sexual signals and other quality traits. In ectotherms, thermal performance
acts as a key indicator of individual quality and influence signal intensity. We
investigated how oxidative state is reflected in visual signals of lizards from
different thermal habitats. According to our hypothesis, efficient thermoregulation
requires different strategies in different thermal environments. In a habitat with
predictable temperature changes, animals are less exposed to suboptimal temperature
ranges and selection will, therefore, be stronger on the maximum oxidative damage at
optimal body temperature. Contrarily, in a habitat with rather stochastic thermal
shifts, individuals are often constricted by suboptimal thermal conditions, and
oxidative damage can be limiting on a wide temperature range. We used Iberolacerta cyreni and Psammodromus algirus inhabiting stochastic and predictable thermal
environments respectively. We examined two aspects of oxidative stress: the level of
reactive oxygen metabolites at the preferred temperature (maximal ROM) and the
temperature range in which animals produce at least 80% of the maximum level of
reactive oxygen metabolites (effective ROM range). In I.
cyreni, we found that duller coloration was related to a wider
effective ROM range, while expression of coloration in P.
algirus was negatively correlated with the maximal ROM. Our results
suggest that different thermal constraints affect different aspects of oxidative
damage which can indicate individual quality and are, therefore, represented in
sexual ornaments.
Do Vitamin D Level and Dietary Calcium Intake Modify the Association Between Loop Diuretics and Bone Health?
Authors: Oliai Araghi Sadaf , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. , Trajanoska Katerina , Koromani Fjorda , Rivadeneira Fernando , Zillikens M. Carola , van Schoor Natasja M. , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , Ikram M. Arfan , Uitterlinden André G. , Stricker Bruno H. , van der Velde Nathalie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Loop diuretics (LD) may affect bone health by inhibiting renal calcium reuptake. However, whether vitamin D status and dietary calcium intake modify the association between LD and bone outcome is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether vitamin D level or calcium intake modify the association between LD and various indices of bone health including bone mineral density (BMD) and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS). From The Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study, we used data from 6990 participants aged > 45 year with a DXA scan (2002–2008), 6908 participants with femoral neck (FN)-BMD, 6677 participants with lumbar spine (LS)-BMD and 6476 participants with LS-TBS measurements. Use of LD was available from pharmacy dispensing records. Vitamin D (25(OH)D) level was measured in serum, and dietary calcium intake was measured with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Almost eight percent of the participants used LD. The association between LD (past-users compared to never-users) and LS-TBS was significantly different by 25(OH)D concentrations (P for interaction = 0.04). A significantly lower LS-TBS among LD past-users was observed for 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/l compared to ≤ 20 and 20–50 nmol/l (β = − 0.036, 95% CI − 0.060; − 0.013 vs. β = − 0.012, 95% CI − 0.036; 0.013 and β = − 0.031, 95% CI − 0.096; 0.034, respectively). However, no other significant effect modification by 25(OH)D and dietary calcium intake was found in the associations between LD use and bone health outcomes (P-interaction > 0.13). This study suggests that the association between LD use and indices of bone health is not consistently modified by vitamin D or dietary calcium intake.
Impact of continuous predator threat on telomere dynamics in parent and nestling pied flycatchers
Authors: Kärkkäinen Tiia , Teerikorpi Pauliina , Panda Bineet , Helle Samuli , Stier Antoine , Laaksonen Toni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In addition to direct mortality, predators can have indirect effects on prey populations by affecting prey behaviour or physiology. For example, predator presence can increase stress hormone levels, which can have physiological costs. Stress exposure accelerates the shortening of telomeres (i.e. the protective caps of chromosomes) and shorter telomeres have been linked to increased mortality risk. However, the effect of perceived predation risk on telomeres is not known. We investigated the effects of continuous predator threat (nesting Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum) on telomere dynamics of both adult and partially cross-fostered nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in the wild. Females nesting at owl-inhabited sites showed impaired telomere maintenance between incubation and chick rearing compared to controls, and both males and females ended up with shorter telomeres at owl-inhabited sites in the end of chick rearing. On the contrary, both original and cross-fostered chicks reared in owl sites had consistently longer telomeres during growth than chicks reared at control sites. Thus, predation risk may cause a long-term cost in terms of telomeres for parents but not for their offspring. Predators may therefore affect telomere dynamics of their preys, which could have implications for their ageing rate and consequently for population dynamics.
Reduction mammoplasty and back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mian Shan , Dyson Edward , Ulbricht Christian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
There is anecdotal evidence that many patients who undergo reduction mammoplasty (RM) procedures, to relieve symptoms of large breasts, also report improvement in existing back pain. Given how important back pain is as a healthcare burden, the literature which explores the relationship between RM and back pain is sparse. Thus, we aimed to appraise whether such a correlation exists, through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method
Adhering to PRISMA methodology, we used the OVID engine to search the MEDLINE and Embase databases with predefined search terms and inclusion criteria. MeSH terms were not exploded. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, employing a Mantell–Haenszel method and a fixed-effect model suitable for dichotomous data.

Results
The review yielded 13 articles after exclusions, eight of which were suitable for quantitative analysis. The results of the analysis suggested an improvement in back pain following RM across all studies (OR 40.37 [8.09, 201.53] 95% CI, n = 1008). Heterogeneity was high (τ2 = 5.14, χ2 = 230.37, df = 7 (p < 0.00001) i2 = 97%).

Conclusions
Although cursory, the evidence gleaned suggests that RM reduces the prevalence of back pain in patients with large breasts. Furthermore, we highlight the scarcity of studies investigating whether RM is at the clinical threshold of efficacy in treating back pain. Although the evidence is insufficient for recommending RM as a management option aimed at treating back pain, this review does identify the need for prospective data looking at back pain metrics as a specific outcome measure before and after reduction mammoplasty.

Graphic abstract
Osseointegration effects of local release of strontium ranelate from implant surfaces in rats
Authors: Alenezi Ali , Galli Silvia , Atefyekta Saba , Andersson Martin , Wennerberg Ann 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of strontium on bone growth, particularly by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Thus, strontium release around implants has been suggested as one possible strategy to enhance implant osseointegration.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate whether the local release of strontium ranelate (Sr-ranelate) from implants coated with mesoporous titania could improve bone formation around implants in an animal model.

Materials and methods
Mesoporous titania (MT) thin coatings were formed utilizing the evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method using Pluronic (P123) with or without the addition of poly propylene glycol (PPG) to create materials with two different pore sizes. The MT was deposited on disks and mini-screws, both made of cp Ti grade IV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to characterize the MT using a Leo Ultra55 FEG instrument (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The MT was loaded with Sr-ranelate using soaking and the drug uptake and release kinetics to and from the surfaces were evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) utilizing a Q-sense E4 instrument. For the in vivo experiment, 24 adult rats were analyzed at two time points of implant healing (2 and 6 weeks). Titanium implants shaped as mini screws were coated with MT films and divided into two groups; supplied with Sr-ranelate (test group) and without Sr-ranelate (control group). Four implants (both test and control) were inserted in the tibia of each rat. The in vivo study was evaluated using histomorphometric analyses of the implant/bone interphase using optical microscopy.

Results
SEM images showed the successful formation of evenly distributed MT films covering the entire surface with pore sizes of 6 and 7.2 nm, respectively. The QCM-D analysis revealed an absorption of 3300 ng/cm2 of Sr-ranelate on the 7.2 nm MT, which was about 3 times more than the observed amount on the 6 nm MT (1200 ng/cm2). Both groups showed sustained release of Sr-ranelate from MT coated disks. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in bone implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) between the implants with Sr-ranelate and implants in the control groups after 2 and 6 weeks of healing (BIC with a p-value of 0.43 after 2 weeks and 0.172 after 6 weeks; BA with a p-value of 0.503 after 2 weeks, and 0.088 after 6 weeks). The mean BIC and BA values within the same group showed significant increase among all groups between 2 and 6 weeks.

Conclusion
This study could not confirm any positive effects of Sr-ranelate on implant osseointegration.
LATINOS AND THE PRINCIPLES OF RACIAL DEMOGRAPHY
Authors: Lewis Christopher 
Published: October 2019

AbstractU.S. federal agencies should treat Latinos as a racial or quasi-racial group in demographic data collection, rather than an ethnic or pan-ethnic group, as they do currently. Survey data must rely on self-reported racial and ethnic identification. But people often identify their own race differently from how others perceive them. In order for self-reported survey data to be useful for the enforcement of antidiscrimination law, it is important that it tracks how others perceive the respondents’ race and ethnicity, not just how they see themselves. To capture racial perceptions of Latinos, government surveys need to balance three subsidiary criteria: the promotion of self-reported racial identifications that are useful as a proxy for the perceptions of others; the ability to measure intra-group differences in how Latinos are racially perceived; and the extent to which Latinos are collectively perceived as a race. A survey format that treated Latinos as a racial group would likely be more amenable to these goals than the current format, but there are some areas, which this paper identifies, where further empirical research is needed in order to be sure.
Wireless sensor node remote supply using a compact stacked rectenna array with voltage multipliers at 2.45 GHz
Authors: Mahfoudi Hichem , Takhedmit Hakim , Tellache Mohamed , Boisseau Sebastien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents compact rectenna arrays for ambient RF energy harvesting on the 2.45 GHz ISM band. The arrays are based on four and nine series-connected rectenna cells. Each cell is composed of a stacked fractal antenna and an RF-to-dc conversion circuit. The antenna is a compact third Koch fractal shape, fed by a coaxial probe for more compactness. The conversion circuit is a full-wave rectifier with a differential output, each DC polarity is provided by a two-stage Dickson voltage multiplier. Measurement results show a significant increase of the output DC voltage for the one, four, and nine cells rectenna arrays. They provide, for power density of 1.7 μW/cm2, an output DC voltage of 0.9, 2.2, and 4.1 Volts, respectively. The 9 cells rectenna array is used in a remote supply experiment of a temperature and acceleration wireless sensor, where the data are transmitted via a Bluetooth low energy link to a distant smartphone every 1 min.
Peak Tremor Rates Lead Peak Slip Rates During Propagation of Two Large Slow Earthquakes in Cascadia
Authors: Hall K. , Schmidt D. , Houston H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe explore the evolution of slow slip on the Cascadia megathrust during two large episodic tremor and slip events and compare stress changes to the spatial evolution of tremor from Pacific Northwest Seismic Network tremor locations. We used displacement time series from ~72 GPS stations, along with the Extended Network Inversion Filter to solve for the time‐dependent fault slip. The 2010 (Mw 6.8) and 2012 (Mw 6.8) events propagated northward and southward, respectively, allowing us to assess directional effects on slip behavior. We observed that tremor occurs on the leading edge of propagating slipping regions, well ahead of the highest slip rates, independent of the along‐strike propagation direction. Resolution tests using the actual tremor distributions to generate synthetic data show that our result of peak tremor rates leading peak slip rates is not due to biases introduced by temporal smoothing. Calculated stress changes due to the time‐dependent slip distributions imply that tremor is sensitive to kilopascals of stress, consistent with studies of tidally triggered tremor. Within the resolution of our model, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that significant tremor is triggered by stresses ahead of the highest slip rates. We also observe ongoing slip continuing several days after tremor has passed. Our observations are consistent with some numerical models of tremor patches that suggest that this behavior can be explained by densely packed asperities resulting in somewhat crack‐like propagation rather than a slip pulse that is as concentrated as the tremor activity.
Atmospheric Effects of >30‐keV Energetic Electron Precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere Winter During 2003
Authors: Pettit J. M. , Randall C. E. , Peck E. D. , Marsh D. R. , van de Kamp M. , Fang X. , Harvey V. L. , Rodger C. J. , Funke B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe atmospheric effects of precipitating electrons are not fully understood, and uncertainties are large for electrons with energies greater than ~30 keV. These electrons are underrepresented in modeling studies today, primarily because valid measurements of their precipitating spectral energy fluxes are lacking. This paper compares simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) that incorporated two different estimates of precipitating electron fluxes for electrons with energies greater than 30 keV. The estimates are both based on data from the Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) instruments but differ in several significant ways. Most importantly, only one of the estimates includes both the 0° and 90° telescopes from the MEPED instrument. Comparisons are presented between the WACCM results and satellite observations poleward of 30°S during the austral winter of 2003, a period of significant energetic electron precipitation. Both of the model simulations forced with precipitating electrons with energies >30 keV match the observed descent of reactive odd nitrogen better than a baseline simulation that included auroral electrons, but no higher energy electrons. However, the simulation that included both telescopes shows substantially better agreement with observations, particularly at midlatitudes. The results indicate that including energies >30 keV and the full range of pitch angles to calculate precipitating electron fluxes is necessary for improving simulations of the atmospheric effects of energetic electron precipitation.
Signatures of Nonideal Plasma Evolution During Substorms Obtained by Mining Multimission Magnetometer Data
Authors: Sitnov M. I. , Stephens G. K. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Miyashita Y. , Merkin V. G. , Motoba T. , Ohtani S. , Genestreti K. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSubstorm‐type evolution of the Earth's magnetosphere is investigated by mining more than two decades (1995–2017) of spaceborne magnetometer data from multiple missions including the first two years (2016‐2017) of the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission. This investigation reveals interesting features of plasma evolution distinct from ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) behavior: X‐lines, thin current sheets, and regions with the tailward gradient of the equatorial magnetic field Bz. X‐lines are found to form mainly beyond 20 RE, but for strong driving, with the solar wind electric field exceeding ∼5mV/m, they may come closer. For substorms with weaker driving, X‐lines may be preceded by redistribution of the magnetic flux in the tailward Bz gradient regions, similar to the magnetic flux release instability discovered earlier in PIC and MHD simulations as a precursor mechanism of the reconnection onset. Current sheets in the growth phase may be as thin as 0.2 RE, comparable to the thermal ions gyroradius, and at the same time, as long as 15 RE. Such an aspect ratio is inconsistent with the isotropic force balance for observed magnetic field configurations. These findings can help resolve kinetic mechanisms of substorm dipolarizations and adjust kinetic generalizations of global MHD models of the magnetosphere. They can also guide and complement microscale analysis of nonideal effects.
New perspectives on Solid Earth Geology from Seismic Texture to Cooperative Inversion
Authors: Le Cuong Van Anh , Harris Brett D. , Pethick Andrew M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeismic and electromagnetic methods are fundamental to Solid Earth research and subsurface exploration. Acquisition cost reduction is making dense 3D application of these methods accessible to a broad range of geo-scientists. However, the challenge of extracting geological meaning remains. We develop the concept of “textural domaining” for 3D seismic reflectivity data. Dip-steered seismic texture attributes are combined with unsupervised learning to generate sets of volume rendered images accompanied by a seismic texture reference diagram. These methods have the potential to reveal geological and geotechnical properties that would otherwise remain hidden. Analysis of seismic texture presents particular value in hard-rock settings where changes in velocity may be negligible across rock volumes exhibiting significant changes in rock mass texture. We demonstrate application and value of textural domaining with three industry-scale field examples. The first example links seismic texture to rock type along a 400 km long transect through central Australia. The second and third examples partition dense 3D seismic data based on texture for complex hard rock terrains in Nevada, USA and Kevitsa, Finland. Finally, we demonstrate application of domaining within texture guided cooperative inversion of 3D seismic reflectivity and magnetotelluric data to provide new perspectives on Solid Earth geology.