bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le patrimoine et l’endettement des ménages français en 2015
Authors: Arrondel Luc , Coffinet Jérôme 
Published: August 2019

Le succès du livre de Thomas Piketty en 2013, Le capital au XXI e siècle , a remis la thématique des inégalités au cœur des débats de politique économique. Par ailleurs, la crise financière de 2008 a modifié les comportements des épargnants, ces derniers privilégiant la prudence dans leur portefeuille. Les comparaisons spatio-temporelles de la distribution du patrimoine et sa composition apparaissent donc essentielles pour analyser ces questions de politique publique. À ce titre, l’enquête européenne Household Finance and Consumption Survey , qui collecte des informations sur le patrimoine, le revenu et les habitudes de consommation des ménages, semble particulièrement intéressante. Ces données permettent de comprendre les comportements d’épargne et d’endettement des ménages, d’évaluer les vulnérabilités financières et les effets de la politique monétaire. L’enquête réalisée fin 2014-début 2015 montre que la concentration des actifs financiers et professionnels des ménages français est plus importante que celle des biens immobiliers. L’épargne risquée et de long terme est davantage détenue par les plus riches mais la détention d’actions stagne à des niveaux relativement faibles. En moyenne, les ménages français déclarent posséder 268 000 euros de patrimoine brut. La moitié est endettée, en moyenne à hauteur de 37 000 euros. Le décile des Français les plus riches détient environ 46 % de la richesse totale, le centile le plus aisé, environ 15 %. La hausse de l’endettement concerne davantage les ménages aisés, disposant de capacités de remboursement plus importantes ou de patrimoines substantiels. La situation des ménages ne semble donc pas faire porter de risque majeur à la stabilité financière en France.
Effect of Decentration on the Optical Quality of Monofocal, Extended Depth of Focus, and Bifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Xu Jie , Zheng Tianyu , Lu Yi 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE:
To compare the effect of intraocular lens (IOL) decentration on the optical quality in patients with implantation of three IOLs: monofocal, extended depth of focus (EDOF), and bifocal.

METHODS:
Patients had cataract surgery with implantation of one of the three above-mentioned IOLs. Higher order aberrations (HOAs), modulation transfer function (MTF), point spread function (PSF), retinal straylight, and dysphotopsia phenomena were evaluated 3 months after surgery. IOL decentration was quantified as the distance between the visual axis center and the IOL center using the OPD-Scan III aberrometer (Nidek Co., Ltd., Gamagori, Japan). The patients who received each IOL type were then divided into two subgroups (decentration of ⩽ 0.25 or > 0.25 mm) to analyze the effect of IOL decentration on these optical qualities.

RESULTS:
The study included 54 eyes (54 patients), with 18 eyes in each IOL group. The distance of IOL decentration did not differ significantly among the three groups. With a decentration of more than 0.25 mm, MTF, PSF, and coma were only significantly deteriorated in the bifocal IOL (ZMB00; Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA). HOAs, coma, PSF, and glare perception were better in the monofocal and EDOF IOLs than those in the ZMB00 IOL when decentration was more than 0.25 mm. Furthermore, IOL decentration was significantly correlated with HOAs, coma, MTF, and PSF in the ZMB00 IOL.

CONCLUSIONS:
The monofocal and EDOF IOLs are more immune to optical quality degradation caused by IOL decentration than the ZMB00 IOL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(8):484–492.]
Building typologies and failure modes observed in the 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake
Authors: Dizhur Dmytro , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Bothara Jitendra , Ingham Jason M. 
Published: August 2019

Nepal is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world, and at the same time is one of the most economically deprived. On 25 April 2015 mid-western Nepal was hit by the devastating Gorkha earthquake measuring Mw 7.8 with the epicentre located 76 km north-west of Kathmandu. The earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks, with the most significant occurring on 12 May 2015 with Mw 7.3 and an epicentre located north-east of Kathmandu. The earthquake and the associated aftershocks resulted in the destruction of half a million buildings, leaving millions of people homeless and causing a loss of more than $3.5 billion (USD) to the housing sector alone. Approximately 9,000 people were killed and over 23,000 people were injured - mostly due to damaged or collapsed buildings.
A number of documents have been published pertaining to general observations following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake and aftershocks. Here the common building typologies and related failure modes observed during inspection surveys by the authors who were part of the various reconnaissance teams following the earthquakes are summarised. A brief background on the 2015 Gorkha earthquake is provided with an outline of the tectonic environment and seismological background of Nepal and a brief summary of previous earthquake activities in the region is presented. Common construction practices identified during the reconnaissance are illustrated and briefly explained to provide context to the observed earthquake damage, with an emphasis placed on unreinforced masonry (URM) building typologies and construction practices. Comparisons between URM building damage and published macro-element failure modes are provided using various photographic and schematic examples. Commonly observed failure modes and potential causes of failure are also highlighted for buildings constructed of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infill. A brief review of adopted temporary shoring techniques is also included.
Detection and Classification of Baseline-Wander Noise in ECG Signals Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Decision Tree Classifier
Authors: Haider Syed Irtaza , Alhussein Musaed 
Published: August 2019

An electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is usually contaminated with various noises, such as baseline-wander, power-line interference, and electromyogram (EMG) noise. Denoising must be performed to extract meaningful information from ECG signals for clinical detection of heart diseases. This work is focused on baseline-wander noise as it shares the same frequency spectrum as the ST segment of ECG signals. Hence, it is important to estimate the baseline-wander prior to its removal from ECG signals. This paper presents a method for classifying each segment of the ECG signal’s baseline-wander as minimal, moderate or large. We use the C4.5 decision tree algorithm to model the classifier using the WEKA data-mining tool. We test the proposed method on ECG signals obtained from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database (48 ECG recordings, each slightly longer than 30 min). We use 36 ECG recordings for training the classifier with the remaining 12 ECG recordings as the test data for classification. We partition each recording into 5 second, non-overlapping segments, which result in 361 segments for each record. The classification results show that the model classifier achieves an average sensitivity of 97.36 %, specificity of 99.50 %, and overall accuracy of 98.89 % in classifying the baseline-wander noise in ECG signals. The proposed method effectively addresses the question of identifying the minimal baseline-wander segments. Moreover, the proposed framework may help in devising an algorithm for the selective filtering of moderate and large baseline-wander segments to achieve the best trade-off between accuracy and computational cost.
Émotion et réflexivité : le cheminement de l’étudiante Martha pour son orientation universitaire et professionnelle
Authors: Gouédard Catherine , Bationo-Tillon Anne 
Published: August 2019

L’orientation d’un étudiant est une activité délicate qui s’élabore à partir d’expériences souvent déstabilisantes, mais transitoires. Afin d’accompagner ce cheminement, l’université met en place des dispositifs pédagogiques propices à développer la réflexivité de l’étudiant relativement à son projet universitaire et professionnel. Cet article porte sur le processus d’orientation d’une étudiante universitaire en relation avec différents modules d’accompagnement. L’entretien d’explicitation est mobilisé : il est apte à documenter la dynamique évolutive de cette étudiante et participe à la conscientisation de ce processus. Il met en lumière les formes d’organisation complexes de l’activité réflexive. L’analyse fine des évocations montre des phénomènes cruciaux pour le développement de la personne concernée, notamment le rôle capital de l’émotion dans le processus de réflexivité sur son devenir.
Faire réfléchir des artistes en formation à l’enseignement des arts à des tensions identitaires
Authors: Duval Hélène 
Published: August 2019

Le modèle du professionnel réflexif (Schön, 1994), adopté dans la plupart des formations à l’enseignement au Québec, incite les formateurs à développer des moyens pour faire réfléchir les étudiants. L’étude présentée vise à comprendre quels effets un dispositif à visée réflexive (Maleyrot, 2015) portant sur des tensions identitaires (Kaddouri, 2002; 2006) peut-il avoir sur la construction identitaire (Dubar, 1991) d’artistes se formant à l’enseignement? L’analyse de cinquante-trois bilans réflexifs des participants sur les apports du dispositif révèle ses retombées en affinité avec ceux documentés par la recherche : «pouvoir d’agir accru» (Chaubet et Gervais, 2014), «optimisme», «énergisation», sentiment d’efficacité accru, sentiment d’appartenance augmenté et empowerment (Brockbank et McGill, 2007; Chaubet, Kaddouri, Fischer, 2016; Osterman et Kottkamp 2004).
Rationality and Creativity Interplay in Research by Design as Seen from the Inside
Authors: Harahap M. Mirza Y. , Tregloan Kate , Nervegna Anna 
Published: August 2019

While research by design is critical in the development of architecture and design knowledge, there is still a need to deeply understand the design knowledge about the interplay between rationality and creativity in research-by-design projects. This paper attempts to address this issue by illustrating, rather than conceptualising, the inside process of a research by design project. The inside process will be discussed from three different points of view: (1) research or design interest tendency, (2) the performance of reflective attitude, and (3) a combination of views (1) and (2). The study resulted in an illustration of the interplay that suggests a dynamic forward-backwards act of thinking and making of a research-by-design project.
The Protozoan Tetrahymena: Cellular Model for Biological Studies
Authors: Mar Papa Daouda , Khalfi Bouchra El , Benyoussef Mounir , Soukri Abdelaziz 
Published: August 2019

Biological research, including clinical trials, mainly uses animals as model organisms. Currently, animal experimentation remains controversial for several reasons, namely the implementation of animal protection and ethics panels, the high costs and the long duration of experiments. These constraints encourage researchers to use alternative methods in order to overcome these barriers.
The ciliate Tetrahymena is a unicellular eukaryotic organism that has contributed significantly to the acquisition of knowledge in the field of fundamental biology. Characterised by a well-ordered structure and a short life cycle, the protozoan Tetrahymena is very commonly used in the laboratory due to the ease involved in handling it. Therefore, this organism has allowed researchers to elucidate a number of mechanisms in higher organisms including mammals.
This bibliographic review describes the favourable biological characteristics of the protozoan Tetrahymena as well as various physiological and molecular studies that have been carried out on this organism. Studies have shown that Tetrahymena is one of the alternatives to animal experimentation and a major contributor to the development of biological and life sciences.
Asking an eyewitness to predict their later lineup performance could harm the confidence–accuracy relationship
Authors: Whittington Jane E. , Carlson Curt A. , Carlson Maria A. , Weatherford Dawn R. , Krueger Lacy E. , Jones Alyssa R. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryFew studies have investigated eyewitnesses' ability to predict their later lineup performance, known as predecision confidence. We applied calibration analysis in two experiments comparing predecision confidence (immediately after encoding but prior to a lineup) to postdecision confidence (immediately after a lineup) to determine which produces a superior relationship with lineup decision accuracy. Experiment 1 (N = 177) featured a multiple‐block lineup recognition paradigm featuring several targets and lineups; Experiment 2 featured an eyewitness identification paradigm with a mock‐crime video and a single lineup for each participant (N = 855). Across both experiments, postdecision confidence discriminated well between correct and incorrect lineup decisions, but predecision confidence was a poor predictor of accuracy. Moreover, simply asking for predecision confidence weakened the postdecision confidence–accuracy relationship. This implies that police should exercise caution when interviewing eyewitnesses, as they should not be asked to predict their ability to make an accurate lineup decision.
Joint Estimation of Remission and Response for Methotrexate‐Based DMARD Options in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Bivariate Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Pokharel Gyanendra , Deardon Rob , Barnabe Cheryl , Bykerk Vivian , Bartlett Susan J , Bessette Louis , Boire Gilles , Hitchon Carol A , Keystone Edward , Pope Janet , Schieir Orit , Tin Diane , Thorne Carter , Hazlewood Glen S ,   the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) Investigators
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo jointly estimate American College of Rheumatology (ACR50) response (a more commonly reported outcome) and remission (a more clinically relevant outcome) for methotrexate (MTX)‐based treatment options in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe conducted a bivariate network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare MTX monotherapy and MTX‐based conventional and biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) combinations for RA. The correlation between the outcomes was derived from an incident RA cohort study, whereas the treatment effects were derived from randomized trials in the network of evidence. The analyses were conducted separately for MTX‐naïve and MTX–inadequate response (IR) populations in a Bayesian framework with uninformative priors.ResultsFrom the cohort study, the correlation between ACR50 response and Disease Activity Score 28 remission at 6 months was moderate (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.58). In the bivariate NMA for MTX‐naïve populations, most combinations of MTX with either biologic or tofacitinib were statistically superior to MTX alone for both ACR50 response and remission. Triple therapy (MTX + sulfasalazine + hydroxychloroquine) was the only nonbiologic DMARD statistically superior to MTX for either ACR50 response (odds ratio [OR] 95% credible interval: 2.1 [1.0, 4.3]) or remission (OR: 2.5 [1.0, 5.8]). In the MTX‐IR analysis, all treatments except MTX + sulfasalazine were statistically superior to MTX alone. Compared to analyzing the outcomes separately, the bivariate model often resulted in more precise estimates and allowed remission to be estimated for all treatments.ConclusionBorrowing the strength of correlation between outcomes allowed us to demonstrate a statistically significant benefit for remission across most MTX‐based DMARD combinations, including triple therapy.
Metal Species–Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Current Advancements and Latest Breakthroughs
Authors: Kankala Ranjith Kumar , Zhang Hongbo , Liu Chen‐Guang , Kanubaddi Kiran Reddy , Lee Chia‐Hung , Wang Shi‐Bin , Cui Wenguo , Santos Hélder A. , Lin KaiLi , Chen Ai‐Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite their advantageous morphological attributes and attractive physicochemical properties, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are merely supported as carriers or vectors for a reason. Incorporating various metal species in the confined nanospaces of MSNs (M‐MSNs) significantly enriches their mesoporous architecture and diverse functionalities, bringing exciting potentials to this burgeoning field of research. These incorporated guest species offer enormous benefits to the MSN hosts concerning the reduction of their eventual size and the enhancement of their performance and stability, among other benefits. Substantially, the guest species act through contributing to reduced aggregation, augmented durability, ease of long‐term storage, and reduced toxicity, attributes that are of particular interest in diverse fields of biomedicine. In this review, the first aim is to discuss the current advancements and latest breakthroughs in the fabrication of M‐MSNs, emphasizing the pros and cons, the confinement of various metal species in the nanospaces of MSNs, and various factors influencing the encapsulation of metal species in MSNs. Further, an emphasis on potential applications of M‐MSNs in various fields, including in adsorption, catalysis, photoluminescence, and biomedicine, among others, along with a set of examples is provided. Finally, the advances in M‐MSNs with perspectives are summarized.
Strain‐Visualization with Ultrasensitive Nanoscale Crack‐Based Sensor Assembled with Hierarchical Thermochromic Membrane
Authors: Park Byeonghak , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Jisun , Tahk Dongha , Jeong Chanho , Ok Jehyung , Shin Joo Hwan , Kang Daeshik , Kim Tae‐il 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs eidetic signal recognition has become important, displaying mechanical signals visually has imposed huge demands for simple readability and without complex signal processing. Such visualization of mechanical signals is used in delicate urgent medical or safety‐related industries. Accordingly, chromic materials are considered to facilitate visualization with multiple colors and simple process. However, the response and recovery time is very long, such that rapid regular signals are unable to be detected, i.e., physiological signals, such as respiration. Here, the simple visualization of low strain ≈2%, with ultrasensitive crack‐based strain sensors with a hierarchical thermochromic layer is suggested. The sensor shows a gradient color change from red to white color in each strain, which is attributed to the hierarchical property, and the thermal response (recovery) time is dramatically minimized within 0.6 s from 45 to 37 °C, as the hierarchical membrane is inspired by termite mounds for efficient thermal management. The fast recovery property can be taken advantage of in medical fields, such as monitoring regular respiration, and the color changes can be delicately monitored with high accuracy by software on a mobile phone.
Van der Waals Heteroepitaxial VO2/Mica Films with Extremely Low Optical Trigger Threshold and Large THz Field Modulation Depth
Authors: Liang Weizheng , Jiang Yaohua , Guo Jia , Li Ning , Qiu Wentao , Yang Hao , Ji Yanda , Luo Sheng‐Nian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaterials with low optical trigger threshold and large THz field modulation depth are highly desirable for THz switches and modulators. VO2, a classical strongly correlated oxide undergoing a sharp metal–insulator transition (MIT), is advantageous for its large THz field modulation depth by virtue of MIT. However, for optically triggered VO2‐based THz switches and modulators, high pump laser intensity is normally required to trigger the MIT, adding considerable costs to THz systems. Reducing optical trigger threshold of VO2 is of substantial interest in the THz science. Here, van der Waals (vdW) heteroepitaxial VO2/mica films are reported with extremely low optical trigger threshold and large THz field modulation depth. Such VO2 films can be used to fabricate low cost but high performance THz switches and modulators. The vdW‐bonded VO2 film–substrate interface allows for negligible disturbance to the VO2 lattice by the mica substrate and reduces thermal conduction to the substrate, boosting the MIT and thus, reducing the pump threshold.
Novel P‐Type Wide Bandgap Manganese Oxide Quantum Dots Operating at Deep UV Range for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Mitra Somak , Pak Yusin , Alaal Naresh , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Almalawi Dhaifallah R. , Alwadai Norah , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Kumarasan Yogeenath , Lim Namsoo , Jung Gun Y. , Roqan Iman S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWide bandgap semiconductor (WBGS)‐based deep UV (DUV) devices lag behind those operating in the visible and IR range, as no stable p‐type WBGS that operates in the DUV region (<300 nm) presently exists. Here, solution‐processed p‐type manganese oxide WBGS quantum dots (MnO QDs) are explored. Highly crystalline MnO QDs are synthesized via femtosecond‐laser ablation in liquid. The p‐type nature of these QDs is demonstrated by Kelvin probe and field effect transistor measurements, along with density functional theory calculations. As proof of concept, a high‐performance, self‐powered, and solar‐blind Schottky DUV photodetector based on such QDs is fabricated, which is capable of detecting under ambient conditions. The carrier collection efficiency is enhanced by asymmetric electrode structure, leading to high responsivity. This novel p‐type MnO QD material can lead to cost‐effective industrial production of high‐performance solution‐processed DUV optoelectronics for large‐scale applications.
Small Energy Loss and Broad Energy Levels Offsets Lead to Efficient Ternary Polymer Solar Cells from a Blend of Two Fullerene‐Free Small Molecules as Electron Acceptors
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Wang Ning 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTernary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated that consisted of a blend of IEICO‐4F and 3TT‐FIC as electron acceptors and PBDB‐T as an electron donor. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary PSCs is increased from 9.9% to 11.22% via the blend of IEICO‐4F and 3TT‐FIC as electron acceptors (the ratio of IEICO‐4F:3TT‐FIC is 6:4), which enhances the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) from 0.71 to 0.78 V. The main contribution of the blended acceptor is its broad energy level offset between the donor and acceptor (from 1.26 to 1.30 eV) due to the enhanced lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the blended acceptor. Meanwhile, the small energy losses of the ternary photoactive layer (reduced from 0.55 to 0.52 eV) are simultaneously due to the more efficient exciton dissociation and the suppressed charge carrier recombination. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the photovoltaic performance of binary PSCs.
Next Generation Antennas Based on Screen‐Printed and Transparent Silver Nanowire Films
Authors: Goliya Yash , Rivadeneyra Almudena , Salmeron José F. , Albrecht Andreas , Mock Josef , Haider Michael , Russer Johannes , Cruz Bruna , Eschlwech Philipp , Biebl Erwin , Becherer Markus , Bobinger Marco R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe advent of mobile communication has made antennas omnipresent. Conventional methods of antenna manufacturing cannot address the growing demands for novel applications requiring transparent and flexible antennas. In this paper, transparent silver nanowire films are studied with respect to their high‐frequency properties. Transparent silver nanowire (AgNW)‐based antennas that are screen printed onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate are reported. Transparent films with a low sheet resistance of 8.5 Ω sq−1 and a high transmittance of 85%, at a wavelength of 550 nm, are characterized as bowtie antennas with a radiation efficiency of 52%. This combination of efficiency and transmittance rivals the ones that are commonly reported for conductive‐oxide based transparent antennas and paves their use for any automobile window, liquid crystal display, or organic‐light‐emitting‐diode display.