bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of smartphone hearing tests: a comparative study with traditional pure tone audiometry
Authors: Anka Manir Hamza , Danjuma Salisu Abubakar , Abdulrazak Ajiya , Ghazali Hasheem Muhammed , Nurudeen Adebola Shofoluwe , Yunusa Shuaibu Iliyasu , Adamu Auwal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Hearing impairment, a widespread sensory deficit, disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. Various hearing assessment methods exist, each with limitations. Pure tone audiometry (PTA), the gold standard, is subjective, unsuitable for children, expensive, and requires expertise. Smartphone hearing tests are emerging as cost-effective, user-friendly alternatives, but they cannot measure bone conduction and occasionally yield false thresholds.

Aim
This study aims to compare smartphone-based hearing tests with PTA in patients at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital’s ENT Clinic.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled participants aged 18 and above, including those with normal hearing and varying degrees of hearing loss. Each participant underwent a smartphone hearing test, screening PTA, and diagnostic PTA. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Results
The study included 92 subjects (184 ears) aged 18–68 years. Smartphone tests accurately detected 94.3% of ears with normal hearing and 97.5% of ears with hearing loss based on screening PTA. At higher frequencies, the smartphone detected 98.4% of ears with hearing loss, showing a strong positive correlation with PTAv results. At speech frequencies, the smartphone detected 100% of ears with hearing loss, again showing a positive correlation. At lower frequencies, the smartphone detected 73% of ears with hearing loss, showing a positive correlation but with a significant statistical difference.

Conclusion
The smartphone hearing test exhibited a strong positive correlation with screening PTAv in hearing assessment, without a statistically significant difference. This suggests that smartphone hearing tests could serve as a viable alternative for hearing assessments, particularly in low-resource settings. This research has implications for improving access to hearing healthcare in resource-constrained regions.
Can AI-assisted therapy (PARO robot) be a treatment option for children hospitalised in an acute mental health ward?
Authors: Kałwa Agnieszka , Popek Lidia , Żurowska Natasza , Opidowicz Monika , Malinowska Katarzyna , Jabłońska Agata , Wojtasik Jakub , Borkowska Alina 
Published: December 2024

Cel pracyCelem badania była ocena zmian, jakie zachodzą w sferze behawioralnej i emocjonalnej u dzieci hospitalizowanych psychiatrycznie z powodu zagrożenia życia i zdrowia, z poważnymi tendencjami autoagresywnymi, po terapii z zastosowaniem interakcji z terapeutycznym robotem PARO.MetodaBadanie ma charakter pilotażowy i obserwacyjny. Zostało przeprowadzone w trakcie trzech tygodni. Objęto nim pacjentów przyjętych do szpitala psychiatrycznego z powodu zagrożenia życia i zdrowia, których w drodze randomizacji podzielono na grupę eksperymentalną (pracującą z robotem PARO) i kontrolną (pracującą z pluszową zabawką). Zastosowane metody były związane zarówno z obserwacją zewnętrzną jak i samo opisem dzieci.WynikiWyniki sugerują, że interakcja z robotem PARO może wpływać zarówno na wzrost pozytywnych, jak i zmniejszenie negatywnych emocji. Jest to związane również ze zwiększeniem liczby interakcji pomiędzy dziećmi.WnioskiRezultaty badania zachęcają do dalszych działań w obszarze wprowadzania sztucznej inteligencji jako potencjału możliwości terapeutycznych, z którego mogą korzystać dzieci z zaburzeniami psychicznymi hospitalizowane z powodu zagrożenia życia i zdrowia.
Diagnostic ability of confocal scanning ophthalmoscope for the detection of concurrent retinal disease in eyes with asteroid hyalosis
Authors: Park Su Hwan , Chey Ji Hyoung , Heo Jun , Han Kwang Eon , Park Sung Who , Byon Iksoo , Kwon Han Jo 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
To compare the diagnostic capacity of a color fundus camera (CFC), ultra-wide-field bicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (BC-cSLO; OPTOS), and true-color confocal scanning ophthalmoscope (TC-cSO; EIDON) in detecting coexisting retinal diseases in eyes with asteroid hyalosis (AH).

Methods
The medical records of consecutive patients with AH who were referred to a tertiary hospital for subsequent assessment by a vitreoretinal specialist were retrospectively reviewed. Fundus images obtained simultaneously using CFC, BC-cSLO, and TC-cSO were classified into four grades based on their obscuration by asteroid bodies. The proportion of Grade 1 images (minimal obscuration group) was assessed for each imaging modality. The diagnostic and screening abilities for concurrent retinal diseases were compared in terms of the accuracy and sensitivity of each device.

Results
Among the 100 eyes with AH, 76 had coexisting retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vascular occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, and retinitis pigmentosa. TC-cSO had the highest ratio of Grade 1 images (94%, P<0.001), followed by CFC (67%) and BC-cSLO (63%). CFC and BC-cSLO exhibited a 5.3-fold higher rate of significant obscuration than TC-cSO (P<0.001, 95% confidence intervals = 2.4~11.6 folds). TC-cSO demonstrated the highest accuracy and sensitivity (95% and 81%, respectively) compared with CFC (89% and 43%, respectively) and BC-cSLO (89% and 39%, respectively) for all retinal diseases. BC-cSLO showed the best performance for DR diagnosis.

Conclusions
TC-cSO images showed minimal obscuration and a superior ability for diagnosing retinal diseases accompanied by AH over other imaging devices. TC-cSO can be a valuable alternative screening tool for detecting retinal diseases when AH impedes fundus imaging.
The relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and self-efficacy among adolescent students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shahrbabaki Parvin Mangolian , Zeidabadinejad Somayeh , Abolghaseminejad Parniya , Dehghan Mahlagha , Asadilari Marzieh , Zakeri Mohammad Ali , Shahrour Ghada , Lari Leyla Ahmadi 
Published: December 2024

Background
The spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as its high contagiousness, increased students’ anxiety and stress. Anxiety may affect individuals’ functioning and undermine their self-efficacy. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and self-efficacy among adolescent students.

Method
This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted on 306 adolescent students in southern Iran. The research tools were the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale consisting of physical and psychological dimensions of anxiety and the Self-Efficacy Scale composed of three subscales: academic, social, and emotional self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25. Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and self-efficacy using the total score of both scales and their dimensions as well. T-Test and one-way ANOVA were used to see whether sociodemographic variables of participants significantly varied in self-efficacy and COVID-19 anxiety.

Results
The mean score of COVID-19 anxiety was 11.70 ± 9.25, representing mild anxiety, and the mean score of the psychological dimension was higher than that of the physical dimension. The mean self-efficacy score was 81.29 ± 12.98 indicating high level of self-efficacy. In addition, the mean score of academic self-efficacy was higher than that of social and emotional self-efficacy. There was an inverse, significant, and mild to moderate relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and the total score of self-efficacy (r = -.28, p < .001) and all its dimensions (r = -. 18, p = .002 for social and academic self-efficacy; r = -.32, p <. 001 for emotional self-efficacy). While the physical dimension of COVID-19 anxiety correlated significantly and negatively with self-efficacy total and subscale scores, the mental subscale of COVID-19 anxiety only correlated with the self-efficacy total score (r = -.20, p < .001) and emotional self-efficacy (r = -.28, p < .001).

Conclusion
The study results revealed that the higher the COVID-19 anxiety, the lower the self-efficacy among adolescents. It is important to prioritize the enhancement of self-efficacy among adolescents to ensure their success across various life domains including managing stressors brought about by pandemics like COVID-19. This requires a collaborative effort from parents and teachers as they are a primary source of reassurance and information. Parents and teachers can also serve as role models in showcasing resilience and positive coping with the pandemic and allow adolescent students to master adaptive coping and provide positive reinforcement for effective behaviors.
Food insecurity and psychological stress among migrants and refugees in high-income countries: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Berhe Resom , Arora Amit , Ekanayake Kanchana , Agho Kingsley E. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Numerous studies have established a correlation between Food Insecurity (FI) and diminished physical and psychological well-being. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding this association among migrant and refugee populations. Migrants and refugees face difficulties, such as a lack of legal clarity and employment opportunities, which can exacerbate FI and psychological well-being issues. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the existing body of literature, followed by a meta-analysis of the results, where appropriate, to examine how common food insecurity is among migrants and refugees living in high-income countries and whether it might be linked to mental distress.

Methods
The inclusion of studies will be contingent upon providing quantitative data on migrants and refugees in developed countries. This criterion encompasses all pertinent observational study designs and has been published in English. The review will specifically include cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies that utilize standardized and validated measurement tools for food insecurity (e.g., Food Insecurity Experience Scale) and psychological stress (e.g., 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21)), excluding non-standard or non-validated measures. A systematic search will be conducted across electronic databases such as Ovid Medline, Embase, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, containing peer-reviewed journal papers in health, psychology, and social sciences from January 1, 2008, to the present for relevant studies. Prevalence estimates will be generated using meta-analysis with a 95% CI, 95% prediction intervals, and I2 statistics for heterogeneity. The studies incorporated in the review will be analysed using meta-analysis, as deemed suitable for the characteristics of the data obtained.

Discussion
This study has practical implications for policies and interventions, offering insights for evidence-based initiatives targeting food security and mental health among migrants and refugees, thus improving resource allocation.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024525690.
Research on stroke patients’ perception of recurrence risk: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Zhu Shanshan , Sun Xueting , Guo Xin , Xu Meiqi , Li Dingding , Wang Shuaiyou , Shi Yage , Liu Chenjun , Wang Hongru , Zhang Huimin 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Stroke, a major global cause of death and disability, has a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patients’ physical, psychological, and economic well-being. Despite the importance of health risk perception in preventive measures, most stroke patients struggle to accurately assess the risk of recurrence. Current research on stroke recurrence risk perception is still exploratory, with a lack of systematic understanding of the influencing factors. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the current state of stroke recurrence research and the factors that influenced recurrence and assess the effectiveness and limitations of various assessment tools to guide future research and intervention strategies.

Methods and analysis
This scoping review will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework as well as the updated scoping review methodology guidance by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Review results will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The search strategy will be developed via keywords, such as stroke, recurrence risk perception, and influencing factors. We will systematically search seven English databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE, as well as four Chinese databases, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure for Biomedical Literature. Studies published in both English and Chinese will be included. Data will be extracted via a standardized form and summarized through quantitative (frequency) and qualitative analyses (narrative synthesis). Furthermore, the findings will be reported.

Ethics and dissemination
Since this review involves collecting data from existing literature and does not involve human participants, ethical approval is not required. Research findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Registration details
This protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF). Relevant materials and potential following updates are available at https://osf.io/7kq5t.
Predicting adverse pregnancy outcome in Rwanda using machine learning techniques
Authors: Kubahoniyesu Theogene , Kabano Ignace Habimana 
Published: December 2024

Background
Adverse pregnancy outcomes pose significant risk to maternal and neonatal health, contributing to morbidity, mortality, and long-term developmental challenges. This study aimed to predict these outcomes in Rwanda using supervised machine learning algorithms.

Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS, 2019–2020) involving 14,634 women. K-fold cross-validation (k = 10) and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) were used to manage dataset partitioning and class imbalance. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the prevalence and risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Seven machine learning algorithms were assessed for their accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under the curve (AUC).

Results
Of the pregnancies analyzed, 93.4% resulted in live births, while 4.5% ended in miscarriage, and 2.1% in stillbirth. Advanced maternal age(>30 years),women aged 30–34 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.755; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.085–10.074; p < 0.001), 35–39 years (AOR = 8.458; 95% CI = 4.507–10.571; p < 0.001), 40–44 years (AOR = 11.86; 95% CI = 6.250–21.842; p < 0.001), and 45–49 years (AOR = 14.233; 95% CI = 7.359–25.922; p < 0.001), compared to those aged 15–19 years, and multiple unions (polyandry) (AOR = 1.320; 95% CI = 1.104–1.573, p = 0.002), and women not visited by healthcare provider during pregnancy (AOR = 1.421; 95%CI = 1.300–1.611, p<0.001) were factors associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, being married (AOR = 0.894; 95% CI = 0.787–0.966) and attending at least two antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR = 0.801; 95% CI = 0.664–0.961) were linked to reduced risk. The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) model outperformed other ML Models in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes, achieving 86% accuracy, 89% precision, 97% recall, 93% F1 score, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.842. The ML models constantly highlighted that woman with advanced maternal age, those in multiple unions, and inadequate ANC were more susceptible to adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions
Machine learning algorithms, particularly KNN, are effective in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes, facilitating early intervention and improved maternal and neonatal care.
An internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy program for anxious affect, depression, and wellbeing: A randomized, parallel, two-group, waitlist-controlled trial in a Middle Eastern sample of college students
Authors: Vally Zahir , Shah Harshil , Varga Sabina-Ioana , Hassan Widad , Kashakesh Mariam , Albreiki Wafa , Helmy Mai 
Published: December 2024

Background
College students during the young adult years are at elevated risk for the development of anxiety and depressive difficulties. Moreover, a preliminary body of evidence suggests that, for those who reside in Middle Eastern contexts, despite an established need, sociocultural impediments prevent active psychological help-seeking. Internet-delivered, self-directed mental health programs may hold significant promise to alleviate these difficulties in contexts where individuals would otherwise not enlist the support of a mental health practitioner.

Method
The present study developed a bespoke, 4-module, internet-delivered program based upon acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) principles and tested its feasibility and efficacy within the context a randomized controlled trial. A total of 129 participants were randomized to receive either the ACT program or to a waitlist control condition. Assessments of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depressive affect, and wellbeing were administered at baseline and at post-intervention.

Results
Analyses indicated that the intervention was efficacious in mitigating both generalized and social anxiety and in improving wellbeing.

Conclusion
These results provide preliminary evidence of the feasibility and efficacy of internet-delivered ACT in a Middle Eastern context.
Evaluating the research capacity and culture amongst staff at a tertiary level teaching hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Neil Kara L. , Rangira Daniella , Ngendahayo Edouard , McCall Natalie , Gatera Rafiki M. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Building research capacity can strengthen health systems through evidence-based interventions. However, evaluating the current research capacity and increasing it is a layered process that needs to consider different institutional structures, as well as internal factors. This study collects baseline data on the research capacity and culture at King Faisal Hospital Rwanda (KFH), a tertiary-level teaching hospital in Rwanda. It also proposes ways to further strengthen it and recommends ways for other institutions in Rwanda to strengthen research capacity.

Methods
The Research Capacity and Culture Tool was distributed to full-time clinical and non-clinical KFH staff in September 2021. Participants were required to hold a position that minimally requires an Advanced Diploma. The quantitative survey data were analyzed in SPSS Version 27 and analyzed via descriptive statistics across all domains, including the individual, organizational, and team levels.

Findings
152 participants completed the questionnaire. On a 5-point Likert scale, the highest ranked skills were designing questionnaires (3.34) and using digital referencing systems (3.29), while the lowest ranked skills were securing research funding (2.40) and writing for publication in peer-reviewed journals (2.46). Perceptions about the organizational level’s research system were overall stronger than those at the team level, with the weakest team-level system being having regular research forums and bulletins (2.14) and having digital tools for conducting research (2.14). Motivators to conducting research included skills development (87%) and career advancement (74%), while barriers included a lack of time (64%) and access to funding (56%).

Discussion
To strengthen the research capacity and culture at KFH, focus should be on allocating tools, resources, and training opportunities to staff. Research should be integrated into staff job descriptions, with a time audit conducted to ensure they have adequate time for these activities. Finally, decentralizing research and ensuring team-level ownership will help with staff buy in.
Medication safety with oral antitumour therapeutics in paediatrics (youngAMBORA): A mixed-methods approach towards a tailored care program
Authors: Lensker Phyllis , Cuba Lisa , Gessner Katja , Fromm Martin F. , Dörje Frank , Metzler Markus 
Published: December 2024

Objective
Oral antitumour therapeutics (OAT) are increasingly used due to improvements in outcomes and their convenient application. However, complex intake regimens pose several challenges. The randomised AMBORA trial (Medication Safety With Oral Antitumour Drugs) demonstrated highly positive outcomes of a clinical pharmacological/pharmaceutical care program for adults treated with numerous OAT, but comparable concepts in paediatrics are lacking so far.

Methods
We used a parallel mixed-methods approach to develop a tailored pharmacological/pharmaceutical care program for OAT in paediatrics (youngAMBORA). We combined a quantitative analysis of tumour entities and used OAT in a paediatric cancer centre with a qualitative survey for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals to identify particular demands and educational needs (e.g., application problems, side effects).

Results
Leukaemia (77/315) and antimetabolites (95/151) were the most frequently observed entity and OAT, respectively. Of 22 surveyed patients, 81.8% wanted to be involved in oral medication education. Compared to caregivers, significantly more healthcare professionals graded the three most common application problems to be challenging (‘Smell/taste’: 32/36 vs. 23/42, p = 0.001; ‘Refusal of intake’: 31/36 vs. 16/42, p<0.001; ‘Swallowing problems’: 28/36 vs. 21/42, p = 0.011). We identified nine relevant side effects, of which two (‘Skin dryness’, ‘Taste changes’) were not included in 15 previously published core side effects of the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) item library.

Conclusion
Based on the present findings, the tailored youngAMBORA care program will include: 1) counselling sessions for classic and targeted OAT, 2) child-friendly support with drug application, and 3) systematic evaluation of 17 relevant side effects from patients’ and caregivers’ points of view including age-appropriate information material.