bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report of an Obstructive Hydrocephalus Caused by an Unruptured Mesencephalic Arteriovenous Malformation in a Boy and a Review of Literature
Authors: Diren Furkan , Sencer Serra , Hakan Tayfun 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is the most common form of intracranial vascular malformations in adults. Intracranial pediatric AVMs are rare. AVM located in the vicinity of the brain stem in children are even more rare.

Case report:
This study reports a rare case of acute obstructive hydrocephalus following aqueductal stenosis caused by an unruptured grade IV perimesencephalic arteriovenous malformation. An 11-year-old boy admitted to the hospital with progressive headache, nausea and vomiting throughout a month. A Computerized Tomography (CT) showed an obstructive hydrocephaly. A Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging revealed a mesencephalic AVM compressing the aqueduct. The patient deteriorated in hours and an emergency ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed. He did well in the early postoperative period. AVM examined with Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in detail for maintaining the definitive treatment by means of endovascular embolization, microsurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery; but the patient was lost to follow up.

Conclusion:
A Pubmed search revealed 34 cases of hydrocephalus caused by an unruptured AVM in the literature, and only four cases were less than 18 years old with unruptured AVM locating in brain stem or posterior fossa. Although focal neurologic deficit, seizure and headache are the most common symptoms, acute neurologic deterioration due to hydrocephalus may be the presenting symptom in these cases. The decrease in intracranial pressure by changing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via an emergency ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting or Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) can be a lifesaving procedure that gives a chance for further treatment modalities.
Right to buy: A proposal to end the student loans crisis
Authors: Clarke Estelle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe UK student loans system is in crisis and the government plans to sell off student loans to corporate purchasers. Such loan sales disadvantage government, the taxpayer and student borrowers. The government should give student borrowers the ‘right to buy’ their own loans for the same price the government is prepared to sell those loans to corporate purchasers. If borrowers purchased their own loans, disadvantages of loan sales would transform into advantages. The ‘right to buy’ can fairly be extended to all borrowers, regardless of whether their loans are being sold; this is done by extending the ‘right to buy’ as a ‘right to reduce’ student loans. The ‘right to reduce’ also provides a solution to the problem of how to ‘deal with’ existing student debt. Because the ‘right to buy’ and the ‘right to reduce’ both follow government's pricing for loan sales, they should be universally acceptable; moreover, government, taxpayers and borrowers would be better off.
Concussion in Rugby Union and the Role of Biomechanics
Authors: Tierney Gregory J , Simms Ciaran K 
Published: February 2018

Due to the physical and high-impact nature of rugby, head impacts can occur within the game which can result in concussion injuries as well as other moderate-to-severe head injuries 1. Concussion has been defined as “a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces”1 and was found to be one of the more common brain injuries throughout the world.2 This is particularly true in sport; it has been estimated that over half of all concussions are sports related.3 A systematic review of the incidence of concussion in contact sports found that rugby union has a higher incidence rate compared with other sports such as American football and soccer.4
Unlike other sports injuries, detecting a concussion is difficult as the neuropathological changes cannot be recognized on standard neuroimaging technology.5,6 \Therefore, if a player is suspected of having a concussion, they are removed from play for a Head Injury Assessment (HIA). The HIA is a standardized tool for the medical assessment of concussion injuries in rugby and aims to improve detection and patient education.7 The HIA assesses a range of degenerative concussive symptoms including memory, cognitive ability, balance and player discomfort. This concussion diagnosis protocol therefore relies heavily on side-line medical staff to identify if a player is exhibiting concussive symptoms. A major disadvantage to this is that concussion has a variable natural history, with transient, fluctuating, delayed and evolving signs or symptoms.8) This means that symptoms can take up to 48 hours to become apparent.8 It has therefore been acknowledged that the content of the HIA will be modified as the research around concussion diagnosis evolves.8
The reliance on side-line medical staff to accurately identify concussive symptoms means that there is a possibility a concussed player may remain on the field; this is one problem that biomechanical research into concussion is trying to overcome. This study will give an overview of concussion in rugby union with a focus on incidence, severity and protection strategies. It will discuss current biomechanical research and further biomechanical research required in the area of concussion injuries in rugby union.
Third generation of MAN Lion's Coach and the new Neoplan Tourliner
Authors: Rusak Zbigniew 
Published: February 2018

Undoubtedly a new generation of the tourist bus MAN Lion's Coach was one of the most important premieres of this year's Busworld Europe fair. The preview show of this vehicle took place in Warsaw and in Starachowice in July this year. In turn the "twin" Neoplan Tourliner had its premiere during the last year's IAA fair in Hanover. It should be underlined, that stylistic and structural changes which have been implemented in both models of buses in past 20 years, just like in the case of their main competitor – Mercedes-Benz Tourismo, fully reflect trends which occurred on the long-distance transport market not only in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, but in entire Europe. In the present article technical and exploitation solutions in new MAN and Neoplan buses were expressed.
Hypothesized, Directly-Coded Curve Shapes in Growth Curve Analysis: An Example
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Sechrest Lee 
Published: February 2018

Growth curve analysis provides important informational benefits regarding intervention outcomes over time. Rarely, however, should outcome trajectories be assumed to be linear. Instead, both the shape and the slope of the growth curve can be estimated. Non-linear growth curves are usually modeled by including either higher-order time variables or orthogonal polynomial contrast codes. Each has limitations (multicollinearity with the first, a lack of coefficient interpretability with the second, and a loss of degrees of freedom with both) and neither encourages direct testing of alternative hypothesized curve shapes. Especially in studies with relatively small samples it is likely to be useful to preserve as much information as possible at the individual level. This article presents a step-by-step example of the use and testing of hypothesized curve shapes in the estimation of growth curves using hierarchical linear modeling for a small intervention study. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i2_herman
Time required to achieve maximum concentration of amikacin in synovial fluid of the distal interphalangeal joint after intravenous regional limb perfusion in horses
Authors: Kilcoyne Isabelle , Nieto Jorge E. , Knych Heather K. , Dechant Julie E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the maximum concentration (Cmax) of amikacin and time to Cmax (Tmax) in the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint in horses after IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) by use of the cephalic vein.
ANIMALS 9 adult horses.
PROCEDURES Horses were sedated and restrained in a standing position and then subjected to IVRLP (2 g of amikacin sulfate diluted to 60 mL with saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) by use of the cephalic vein. A pneumatic tourniquet was placed 10 cm proximal to the accessory carpal bone. Perfusate was instilled with a peristaltic pump over a 3-minute period. Synovial fluid was collected from the DIP joint 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after IVRLP; the tourniquet was removed after the 20-minute sample was collected. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 5, 10, 15, 19, 21, 25, and 30 minutes after IVRLP. Amikacin was quantified with a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Median Cmax of amikacin and Tmax in the DIP joint were determined.
RESULTS 2 horses were excluded because an insufficient volume of synovial fluid was collected. Median Cmax for the DIP joint was 600 μg/mL (range, 37 to 2,420 μg/mL). Median Tmax for the DIP joint was 15 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tmax of amikacin was 15 minutes after IVRLP in horses and Cmax did not increase > 15 minutes after IVRLP despite maintenance of the tourniquet. Application of a tourniquet for 15 minutes should be sufficient for completion of IVRLP when attempting to achieve an adequate concentration of amikacin in the synovial fluid of the DIP joint.
Histologic investigation of airway inflammation in postmortem lung samples from racehorses
Authors: ter Woort Fe , Caswell Jeff L. , Arroyo Luis G. , Viel Laurent 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe histologic findings in the small airways during postmortem examination of actively racing horses and to quantify the degree of airway inflammation by use of a semiquantitative scoring system.
SAMPLE Lung tissues obtained from 95 horses (Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, and Quarter Horses) that had been actively racing or training.
PROCEDURES 10 standardized lung sections were obtained during postmortem examination of 37 horses that had been actively racing or training, and 2 histologic sections of the caudodorsal lung lobes previously collected from each of 58 horses that died or were euthanized during racing or training were also obtained. Sections were evaluated by use of a validated histologic small airway scoring system.
RESULTS Scores for inflammatory cells, smooth muscle, and hemosiderin typically were high. Signalment and cause of death were not significant predictors of lung scores. Lung sample location was a significant predictor, with the highest scores in the caudal and dorsal sections. Inflammatory cell infiltration in peribronchiolar tissues, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and hemosiderin (prevalence of 86%, 98%, and 80%, respectively) were common findings in lungs of these horses, with the caudodorsal regions more severely affected. Correlation was moderate between smooth muscle hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infltration, with minimal correlation between hemosiderin and inflammatory cell infiltration.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory airway disease has been identified by use of bronchoalveolar lavage in young athletic horses throughout the world. In the study reported here, pathological changes were detected in the wall of small airways of horses that were actively training or racing.
STUDI CAMPURAN KAPUR PADA TANAH LEMPUNG TERHADAP PERMEABILITAS DAN KECEPATAN KONSOLIDASI
Authors: Jalil Abdul 
Published: February 2018

<p>Tanah lempung pada Desa Cot Girek Kandang Kec. Muara Dua Aceh Utara cenderung tidak stabil karena sering mengalami kelongsoran bila musim hujan. Penstabilan tanah dengan kapur dolomit CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> lebih dipilih karena kepadatan dan kekerasannya yang dapat meningkat. Tujuan pencampuran ini adalah menentukan nilai Cv (koefisien konsolidasi). Benda uji meliputi tanah tak terganggu dan tak terganggu yang dibentuk melalui pemadatan proctor dengan persentase kapur 5%, 7,5%, dan 10% dengan jumlah benda uji 4 buah. Campuran kapur pada tanah lempung ini dapat menurunkan nilai Cv hingga 2,33 x 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/min pada beban terberat yaitu 8 kg dengan persentase 5% kapur dibanding pada tanah asli yaitu 1,294 x 10<sup>-2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/min dan 0% kapur sebesar 1,296 x 10<sup>-2</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/min pada beban yang sama. Pada 7,5% dan 10% kapur cv kembali meningkat menjadi 1,23 x 10<sup>-2</sup>cm<sup>2</sup>/menit dan 3,9 x 10-2 pada beban 8 kg. Dengan demikian pada campuran tanah dengan 5% kapur adalah yang paling baik.</p>
OPTIMALISASI RENCANA ANGGARAN BIAYA DAN WAKTU PELAKSANAAN DENGAN PRESEDEN DIAGRAM METHOD (PDM) PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN SDN 3 DEWANTARA
Authors: Fauzan Muhammad 
Published: February 2018

<p><em>Perencanaan proyek adalah salah satu unsur penting dalam m</em><em>anajemen proyek</em><em>. Perencanaan yang baik akan meningkatkan pencapaian sasaran proyek yaitu mendapatkan hasil dalam hal ini bangunan yang berkualitas, dengan biaya yang optimal dan dalam waktu yang ditetapkan serta menghindari resiko negatif baik bagi lingkungan maupun manusia. Aspek waktu dan biaya adalah dua aspek yang saling berkait. Seringkali waktu mempengaruhi biaya proyek namun sebaliknya tidak jarang biaya juga dapat mempengaruhi waktu penyelesaian proyek. Oleh karena itu para peneliti, akademisi dan praktisi memberi perhatian lebih terhadap dua aspek ini. Dalam penelitian ini optimalisasi biaya dan waktu penyelesaian proyek mengambil studi kasus </em><em>pada proyek pembangunan SDN3 Dewantara</em><em>. Inventarisasi kegiatan didasarkan pada data yang dihimpun dari dokumen kontrak termasuk didalamnya rencana anggaran biaya (RAB), gambar kerja, dan spesifikasi teknis. Optimalisasi dilakukan melalui perubahan metoda kerja dengan membuat beberapa alternatif. Selanjutnya maisng-masing alternatif tersebut diformulasikan dalam network dan dilakukan perhitungan waktu penyelesaian pekerjaannya dengan bantuan software microsoft project. Data yang diinput adalah data jenis pekerjaan, konstrain antar pekerjaan untuk menyusun networknya selanjutnya data durasi pekerjaan. Data durasi pekerjaan mengacu pada koefisien SNI dengan menjadikan variabel jumlah tenaga kerja sebagai variabel terikat dan variabel durasi sebagai variabel bebas. Selanjutnya hasil yang diperoleh dari software diolah dan dianalisa. </em><em>Hasil perhitungan </em><em>menunjukkan adanya penghematan waktu dibandingkan rencana awal yaitu selama 10 hari untuk alternatif 1 dan 21 hari untuk alternatif 2 dengan biaya pelaksanaan pekerjaan tetap sebesar</em><em> </em><em>Rp. </em><em>1.92</em><em>6</em><em>.</em><em>468.800</em><em>,</em><em>66.</em></p>
PENGARUH CAMPURAN KAPUR DAN ABU JERAMI GUNA MENINGKATKAN KUAT GESER TANAH LEMPUNG
Authors: Hamzani Hamzani 
Published: February 2018

<p>Lempung adalah terdiri dari butiran-butiran sangat kecil dan menunjukkan sifat plastisitas dan kohesif. Pada penelitian ini digunakan kapur dan abu jerami untuk perbaikan tanah lempung di desa Cot Girek Kandang yang berdaya dukung rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai kuat geser dengan campuran 5% kapur dan variasi abu jerami 2%, 4% dan 6%. Tanah di desa Cot Girek Kandang termasuk tanah lempung berpasir. Pada variasi campuran 5% kapur + 2% AJP didapat kadar air optimum 17,5% dengan kerapatan kering tertinggi 1,65 gr/cm<sup>3</sup>. Uji triaxial nilai sudut geser dalam tanah tertinggi didapat pada persentase penambahan 5% kapur + 2% AJP. Nilai kohesi tertinggi pada persentase penambahan 5% kapur + 4% AJP. Uji direct shear nilai sudut geser dalam tanah tertinggi didapat pada persentase penambahan 5% kapur + 6% AJP. Nilai kohesi tertinggi didapat pada persentase penambahan 5% kapur + 2% AJP. Maka dari itu campuran kapur dan abu jerami padi dapat dipakai karena dapat meningkatkan nilai kuat geser.</p>
PERENCANAAN ULANG SISTEM MANAJEMEN LALU LINTAS DARI TIGA FASE MENJADI EMPAT FASE
Authors: Akbar Said Jalalul , Zulfhazli Zulfhazli , Sinulingga Andi Syahputra 
Published: February 2018

<p>Untuk meningkatkan pelayanan suatu jaringan jalan, mengurangi potensi konflik, pengurangan panjang antrian serta peningkatkan kapasitas simpang perlu dilakukan sebuah perencanaan ulang sistem manajemen lalu lintas yang baik dan terpadu. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan sistem bersinyal untuk mengurangi potensi konflik lalu lintas yang terjadi. Analisis menggunakan Metode (MKJI) 1997 dengan bantuan program <em>Sidra Intersection 5.1.</em> Data primer terdiri dari volume lalu lintas, sedangkan data sekunder terdiri dari kondisi lingkungan, termasuk ukuran kota dan jumlah penduduk. Hasil pada kondisi eksisting didapatkan nilai derajat kenjenuhan 0.60<em>, </em>panjang antrian 61 m, tundan 31.5 detik, dan <em>level of service </em>(LOS)<em> </em>C dimana arus lalu lintas pada persimpang tersebut masih stabil, tetapi kecepatan perjalanan dan kebebasan bergerak dipengaruhi oleh besarnya volume lalu lintas, sehingga pengemudi tidak dapat lagi memilih kecepatan yang diinginkan. Sedangkan hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan perubahan fase dari 3 (tiga) fase ke 4 (empat) fase didapatkan nilai DS<em> </em>0,87<em>, </em>panjang antrian<em> </em>135 m, tundan 53,3 detik, dan LOS<em> </em>D, artinya arus lalu lintas mulai tidak stabil, perubahan volume lalu lintas sangat berpengaruh terhadap besarnya kecepatan perjalanan, hal ini menunjukkan perubahan Sistem Manajemen Lalu Lintas pada Simpang Empat Baiturrahim Kota Lhokseumawe belum tepat dilakukan perubahan jumlah fase dari 3 (tiga) fase ke 4 (empat) fase</p>
PICO-SATELLITE DETUMBLING SIMULATION USING MAGNETIC ATITUDE ACTUATOR (SIMULASI DETUMBLING PADA SATELIT PIKO MENGGUNAKAN AKTUATOR SIKAP MAGNETIK)
Authors: Muksin Ali , Poetro Ridanto Eko , Triharjanto Robertus Heru 
Published: February 2018

One of the methods to control Nano/pico-satellite’s attitude is using magneto-torquers as attitude actuators. ITB, at the moment is planning to develop a cubesat. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the performance of such attitude control system for 3U class cubesat. The research used Matlab/simulink-based satellite simulator developed by LAPAN and ITB, and B-dot control law. The advantages of the method are that the actuators are small and lighter compared to the other type of actuators, such as momentum wheels or reaction wheels. However, the disadvantages is that the torques can be created only when the actuator oriented at non-zero angle with local magnetic field. The results showed that the attitude control system could performed the detumbling operation, with the best transient time at about two orbits period. Varying the gain parameter in the controller may result into variation of transient time and even unstability. AbstrakSalah satu cara untuk mengendalikan sikap satelit nano/piko adalah dengan menggunakan magneto-torquer sebagai aktuator. Saat ini ITB tengah mewacanakan pengembangan cubesat, sehinggga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kinerja sistem kendali sikap berdasarkan medan magnet Bumi pada cubesat kelas 3U. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulator satelit berbasis MATLAB/simulink yang dikembangkan oleh LAPAN dan ITB, moda kendalinya berbasis hukum kendali b-dot. Keuntungan dari sistem kendali ini adalah ukuran dan beratnya yang kecil, dibandingkan dengan moda kendali lain, seperti momentum wheel atau reaction wheel. Sementara kerugiannya adalah hanya bisa menghasilkan torsi saat aktuator mempunyai sudut tidak nol dengan medan magnet Bumi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa moda kendali tersebut dapat melakukan manuver de-tumbling, dengan waktu transient terbaik mendekati dua periode orbit. Juga ditunjukkan bahwa variasi waktu transient dan ketidakstabilan dapat diperoleh dengan memvariasikan parameter gain pada kontroler.
Pengaruh Penambahan Karboksimetil Selulosa (Cmc) Terhadap Tingkat Crosslinking dan Kuat Tarik Peo Hidrogel Film
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto , Aeni Anissa Nur 
Published: February 2018

Penggunaan hidrogel film pada bidang kesehatan dan pertanian berkembang dengan pesat, hal ini di karenakan karakteristik istimewa dari hidrogel yang mampu menyerap air dan mempertahankan kandungan air didalamnya sehingga memiliki sifat lembut serta dapat dipakai pada aplikasi medis. Hidrogel film yang dibuat menggunakan bahan dasar polietilene oksida memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang rendah. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan hidrogel film yang memiliki karakteristik mekanik yang lebih baik dengan menambahkan karboksi metil selulosa (cmc) didalam larutan polietilen oksida. Berbagai komposisi larutan cmc/peo (5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%) diradiasi dengan menggunakan sinar electron beam untuk mendapatkan jaringan network diantara polimer yang diradiasi. Kandungan cmc mempengaruhi berbagai karakteristik hidrogel film seperti fraksi gel, rasio swelling, sifat mekanik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada penambahan cmc sampai dengan 10%, semakin tinggi kandungan cmc, maka tingkat kroslinking, kuat Tarik dan persen pemanjangan juga semakin naik. Sebaliknya semakin tinggi kandungan cmc, maka rasio swelling justru akan semakin menurun.
Rancang Bangun Game Edukasi Calista Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Belajar Anak TK Berbasis Android
Authors: Krisbiantoro Dwi , Fatma Khoerun Nur 
Published: February 2018

Program pendidikan untuk anak merupakan salah satu komponen dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan anak usia dini. Penggunaan game sebagai sarana pendidikan bukan hal yang salah, karena game bersifat menghibur. Game merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari keseharian anak dan dianggap memiliki banyak dampak negatif jika tidak mendapatkan pengawasan dari orangtua. Salah satu penggunaan smartphone di dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu melalui game edukasi. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah membuat game edukasi pengenalan membaca dan merangkai kata untuk taman kanak-kanak berbasis android. Metode Pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Cycle). Dalam pembuatannya menggunakan software Unity 3D. Hasil penelitian ini berupa game edukasi calista untuk taman kanak-kanak berbasis android. Kata Kunci : Game edukasi, Android, Membaca dan Menulis,Unity
Modeling H2O and CO2 in Optically Thick Comets Using Asymmetric Spherical Coupled Escape Probability and Application to Comet C/2009 P1 Garradd Observations of CO, H2O, and CO2
Authors: Gersch Alan M. , Feaga Lori M. , A’Hearn Michael F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We have adapted Coupled Escape Probability, a new exact method of solving radiative transfer problems, for use in asymmetrical spherical situations for use in modeling optically thick cometary comae. Here we present the extension of our model and corresponding results for two additional primary volatile species of interest, H2O and CO2, in purely theoretical comets. We also present detailed modeling and results for the specific examples of CO, H2O, and CO2 observations of C/2009 P1 Garradd by the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft.