bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P
olaribacter
Authors: Bowman John P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Po.la.ri.bac'ter. N.L. masc. adj.
polaris
(from L. masc. n.
polus
) polar; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Polaribacter
rod‐shaped bacterium from a polar region.

Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Polaribacter

Gram‐negative, aerobic, ovoid to rod‐shaped cells. Older cultures may contain cells that develop a coccoidal morphology. Some species may include filamentous cells or curved and coiled cells. Reproduce by normal cell division. Most species are nonmotile. Do not form spores. Form yellow to orange carotenoid pigments and do not form flexirubin pigments. Chemoheterotrophic. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Capable of growth on a range of carbohydrates and some amino acids and organic acids. Species are mostly psychrotolerant, some are psychrophilic or mesophilic. Neutrophilic. Halophilic and stenohaline requiring either Na
+
or Mg
2+
ions or both. The major fatty acids are C
15:1
ω6
c
, iso‐C
15:1
G, iso‐C
15:0
3‐OH, and summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
and/or iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH). The major quinone is MK‐6. Members of the phylum
Bacteroidetes
, class
Flavobacteriia
, order
Flavobacteriales
, family
Flavobacteriaceae
. Known habitats are marine and saline environments including seawater, surface sediments, marine fauna and flora, sea ice, and polar saline lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 28.6–36.4 (
T
m
, HPLC or genome).

Type species
:
Polaribacter filamentus
Gosink, Woese and Staley 1998, 232
VP
.
H
alogeometricum
Authors: Oren Aharon , Montalvo‐Rodríguez Rafael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Ha.lo.ge.o.me'tri.cum
. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. neut. adj.
geometricum
geometrical; N.L. neut. n.
Halogeometricum
salty geometrical shape.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Halogeometricum

The genus
Halogeometricum
, classified within the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Haloferacales
in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of more or less red‐pigmented pleomorphic rods or cocci that may grow as sarcina‐like clusters. Cells stain Gram‐negative and lyse in distilled water. Motility is variable. Isolates of
Halogeometricum
have been obtained from solar salterns, saline springs, and other hypersaline environments. They are aerobic heterotrophs that grow on a wide range of substrates, including single and complex carbon sources. Acids may be produced from carbohydrates. Polar lipids are diphytanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, and glycolipids chromatographically identical to the diglycosyl diether lipid DGD‐1 and its sulfated derivative S‐DGD‐1. Additional glycolipids such as S
2
‐DGD may also be present. Phosphatidylglycerol sulfate was not detected. Four species have been described:
Halogeometricum borinquense
,
Halogeometricum limi
,
Halogeometricum pallidum
, and
Halogeometricum rufum
, and these include two species originally classified in the genus
Halosarcina
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.1–65.4.

Type species
:
Halogeometricum borinquense
Montalvo‐Rodríguez, Vreeland, Oren, Kessel, Betancourt and López‐Garriga 1998, 1310
VP
.
Gels without Vapor Pressure: Soft, Nonaqueous, and Solvent‐Free Supramolecular Biomaterials for Prospective Parenteral Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Tabet Anthony , Wang Chun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe engineering advantages of soft, nonaqueous, solvent‐free supramolecular materials have resulted in their emerging transition and adoption from a predominantly food, cosmetics, and paint industry‐driven technology to biocompatible matrices for parenteral drug delivery. Factors that have contributed to this trend are the drastic increase of hydrophobic and combination drugs in the pharmaceutical pipeline and the limitations of hydrated drug delivery materials with regard to poorly soluble drugs and biologics. This review highlights examples of nonaqueous, soft supramolecular materials, illustrates molecular engineering principles that may give rise to novel structures and unique properties, and explores emerging opportunities of application of these materials in parenteral drug delivery.
Ein hochaktives, Ylid‐funktionalisiertes Phosphan für die palladiumkatalysierte Aminierung von Arylchloriden
Authors: Weber Philip , Scherpf Thorsten , Rodstein Ilja , Lichte Dominik , Scharf Lennart T. , Gooßen Lukas J. , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractYlid‐funktionalisierte Phosphanliganden (YPhos) wurden entwickelt, um den Voraussetzungen einer Buchwald‐Hartwig‐Aminierung bei Raumtemperatur zu genügen. Diese Ligandenklasse kombiniert ein besonders hohes Elektronendonorvermögen, vergleichbar mit dem von NHC‐Liganden, mit hohem sterischem Anspruch ähnlich jenem von Biarylphosphanen. Die aktiven Pd‐Spezies sind dabei über agostische C‐H⋅⋅⋅Pd‐ und nicht über Pd‐Aren‐Wechselwirkungen stabilisiert. Der praktische Vorteil dieser YPhos‐Liganden liegt insbesondere in deren einfacher und skalierbarer Synthese ausgehend von leicht zugänglichen sowie günstigen Startmaterialien. Benchmark‐Untersuchungen zeigten, dass YPhos‐Pd‐Komplexe den üblicherweise verwendeten Phosphanliganden in Aminierungen von Arylchloriden bei Raumtemperatur überlegen sind. Der enorme Nutzen dieses Katalysatorsystems konnte durch die Synthese zahlreicher Arylamine in sehr guten Ausbeuten bei geringer Reaktionszeit aufgezeigt werden.
Digging into the Sequential Space of Thiolactone Precision Polymers: A Combinatorial Strategy to Identify Functional Domains
Authors: Celasun Sensu , Remmler Dario , Schwaar Timm , Weller Michael G. , Du Prez Filip , Börner Hans G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFunctional sequences of precision polymers based on thiolactone/Michael chemistry are identified from a large one‐bead one‐compound library. Single‐bead readout by MALDI‐TOF MS/MS identifies sequences that host m‐THPC that is a second generation photo‐sensitizer drug. The corresponding Tla/Michael‐PEG conjugates make m‐THPC available in solution and drug payload as well as drug release kinetics can be fine‐tuned by the precision segment.
Dual Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloaromatization of Unconjugated (E)‐Enediynes
Authors: Zamani Farzad , Babaahmadi Rasool , Yates Brian F. , Gardiner Michael G. , Ariafard Alireza , Pyne Stephen G. , Hyland Christopher J. T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA synthesis of unconjugated (E)‐enediynes from allenyl amino alcohols is reported and their gold‐catalyzed cascade cycloaromatization to a broad range of enantioenriched substituted isoindolinones has been developed. Experimental and computational studies support the reaction proceeding via a dual‐gold σ,π‐activation mode, involving a key gold‐vinylidene‐ and allenyl‐gold‐containing intermediate.
Application of ultra‐rapid qPCR and DNA chips for viral RNA detection and confirmation
Authors: Kim Jung‐Min , Cho Kyoungjoo , Yoon Byoung‐Su 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe rapid and accurate detection of the presence of microorganisms, such as viruses, has been an important issue in the fields of public health, as well as agriculture. A PCR‐based detection method has been developed and applied in these fields to determine the presence of specific pathogens. Although the major advantage of real‐time PCR is the monitoring of amplification and ability to quantify the template genes, the method described here should solve the problem of nonspecific product synthesis. We obtained viral RNA from infected samples by freezing and thawing; we rapidly synthesized cDNA from RNA, and then amplified the cDNA by rapid PCR in 10 Min. Finally, the PCR products were hybridized and quickly confirmed to be the target analyte on a DNA chip. Our newly proposed methods overcome the drawbacks of PCR‐based detection and provide three additional advantages, namely, rapidly obtaining large amounts of RNA from samples, quickly detecting infective or pathogenic genes, and speedily confirming the detected exogenous genes. This application might be useful for detecting viral RNA and for the diagnosis of RNA virus‐mediated diseases.
Mechanisms of unprimed and dexamethasone‐primed nonviral gene delivery to human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hamann Andrew , Broad Kelly , Nguyen Albert , Pannier Angela K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are under intense study for applications of cell and gene therapeutics because of their unique immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Safe and efficient genetic modification of hMSCs could increase their clinical potential by allowing functional expression of therapeutic transgenes or control over behavior and differentiation. Viral gene delivery is efficient, but suffers from safety issues, while nonviral methods are safe, but highly inefficient, especially in hMSCs. Our lab previously demonstrated that priming cells before delivery of DNA complexes with dexamethasone (DEX), an anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid drug, significantly increases hMSC transfection success. This work systematically investigates the mechanisms of hMSC transfection and DEX‐mediated enhancement of transfection. Our results show that hMSC transfection and its enhancement by DEX are decreased by inhibiting classical intracellular transport and nuclear import pathways, but DEX transfection priming does not increase cellular or nuclear internalization of plasmid DNA (pDNA). We also show that hMSC transgene expression is largely affected by pDNA promoter and enhancer sequence changes, but DEX‐mediated enhancement of transfection is unaffected by any pDNA sequence changes. Furthermore, DEX‐mediated transfection enhancement is not the result of increased transgene messenger RNA transcription or stability. However, DEX‐priming increases total protein synthesis by preventing hMSC apoptosis induced by transfection, resulting in increased translation of transgenic protein. DEX may also promote further enhancement of transgenic reporter enzyme activity by other downstream mechanisms. Mechanistic studies of nonviral gene delivery will inform future rationally designed technologies for safe and efficient genetic modification of clinically relevant cell types.
Urinary symptoms are correlated with quality of life after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Asahina Masato , Yamanaka Yoshitaka , Hirano Shigeki , Higuchi Yoshinori , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is known to dramatically improve motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effect on urinary symptoms and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) remains unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between urinary symptoms and HRQOL in patients with PD who underwent DBS.MethodsThe International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) were determined to evaluate urinary symptoms in patients with PD who underwent DBS. Postoperative evaluations were performed at 3 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. We also performed a urodynamic study (UDS) in 13 patients with PD preoperatively and postoperatively. A follow‐up UDS was performed 2.0 ± 0.5 years postoperatively.ResultsThe preoperative urinary symptoms questionnaire was completed by 28 patients, of whom 14 completed the postoperative urinary symptoms questionnaire after 3 months, 18 after 1 year, and 10 after 3 years. The mean OABSS and IPSS did not change significantly at any follow‐up periods postoperatively. When assessing the relationship between urinary symptoms and HRQOL and motor functions, the OABSS and IPSS showed significant positive correlations with HRQOL at 3 months postoperatively. The OABSS and IPSS showed significant positive correlations with activities of daily living (ADL) during the off‐phase at 3 years postoperatively. All urodynamic parameters remained unchanged postoperatively.ConclusionsDeep brain stimulation did not significantly affect urinary dysfunctions in patients with PD. Urinary symptoms might partially contribute to HRQOL at 3 months postoperatively and ADL during the off‐phase at 3 years postoperatively.
Variability in Child Protection Medical Evaluations of Suspected Physical Abuse in Four European Countries: A Vignette Study
Authors: Naughton Aideen , Nurmatov Ulugbek , Hoytema Van Konijnenburg Eva , Watkins W. John , Otterman Gabriel , Nelson Joanne , Kemp Alison 
Published: November 2018

When suspicions of physical abuse arise, children are referred for a child protection medical evaluation, which occurs in a variety of health settings by a variety of clinicians. This comparative vignette survey was performed among a cross‐section of medical professionals engaged in child protection in Sweden, Ireland, the UK and the Netherlands between April and July 2016. Three vignettes describing different probabilities of physical abuse were included. Components of child protection medical evaluations across the four countries were analysed.A total of 236 physicians responded (113 UK, 49 the Netherlands, 39 Sweden, 35 Ireland). Of these, 62 per cent were female (there were more females in the UK, Sweden and the Netherlands). More variation in practice than similarities was found. Similarities: experience level, confidence level and management approach (vignettes 1 and 3). Cross‐country differences: decision to investigate, adherence to national guidelines, experience versus specialism and subsequent management post‐assessment. These findings suggest the need for further exploration of practice between countries including specific and regular training, availability of support for non‐specialists and use of national and international clinical guidelines to promote best practice and reduce variation. More consideration of the human and financial cost to the healthcare system of unnecessary investigations and the length of hospital admission may be warranted.Key Practitioner Messages

There is a lack of uniformity in the clinical management of physical abuse between these four European countries.
Specific and regular training included in professional development plans and discussed at appraisal will promote clinician confidence in assessments.
Expert support should be easily available to non‐specialists undertaking these assessments.
National and local clinical guidelines are important tools in promoting best practice and reducing variation across and within countries.
Child Maltreatment and Illicit Substance Abuse: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Halpern Silvia Chwartzmann , Schuch Felipe Barreto , Scherer Juliana Nichterwitz , Sordi Anne Orgler , Pachado Mayra , Dalbosco Carla , Fara Letícia , Pechansky Flavio , Kessler Felix , Von Diemen Lisia 
Published: November 2018

This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to different types of child maltreatment (CM) and the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) later in life. A systematic review was conducted: the PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched for relevant papers and ten studies were identified for further analysis. Random effects meta‐analyses were performed for each type of maltreatment in order to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for SUD incidence, and meta‐regressions were performed to explore potential moderators. Individuals with a history of physical abuse during childhood had a 74 per cent increased risk for drug abuse later in life (OR = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.362.18). The risk for drug abuse was also 73 per cent higher in individuals with a history of sexual abuse during childhood (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.242.41). A meta‐regression found that gender has a moderating effect, with women at a greater risk of SUD incidence compared to men. Exposure to CM, such as physical and sexual abuse in childhood, increases the risk of further substance abuse. Understanding the interplay between the different factors associated with violence and abuse of psychoactive substances is of fundamental importance in designing prevention approaches and interventions for drug users.‘Investigate[s] the association between exposure to different types of child maltreatment and the development of substance use disorders later in life ’Key Practitioner Messages

Child exposure to violence was associated with the development of substance use disorder.
Exposure to violence affects men and women in a gender‐dependent manner, with females being at a higher risk.
Understanding the interplay between the different factors associated with violence and drug abuse is of fundamental importance to design prevention approaches and interventions.
Drug users have higher rates of child maltreatment and psychological suffering compared to the general population.
Aromatic Plants from Plateau des Cataractes: Occurrence of the Citronella Chemotype of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) W.Watson Acclimatized in Congo‐Brazzaville
Authors: Silou Thomas , Nsikabaka Samuel , Nombault Nienzy Jayneureuse P. , Baou Andeouene , Biassala Thérèse Eliane , Figuérédo Gilles , Chalchat Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCymbopogon flexuosus var. flexuosus (citral chemotype) was introduced in a local plantation in 2006 at Plateau des Cataractes, Congo‐Brazzaville to remedy the difficult adaptation and low production of essential oil of C. citratus, a source of citral. After some 10 years of acclimatization, C. flexuosus had adapted perfectly with a very high biomass and essential oil production. A citronella chemotype (Cymbopogon flexuosus var. albescens) was unexpectedly identified among lemongrass in the field, grown in a local experimental citronella plot covering 0.25 ha. Its essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS to determine its chemotype. The citronella chemotype indicated by the chemical profile found was confirmed by descriptive statistics (radar plot) and by principal component analysis (PCA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC).
Heparin for diagnostic trans‐radial catheterization: Can we have some randomized data?
Authors: Golwala Harsh , Cigarroa Joaquin E. 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Marked heterogeneity exists regarding the dose, time and route of administration of unfractionated heparin for diagnostic trans‐radial procedures.
In an era of smaller caliber hydrophilic radial sheaths, patent hemostasis technique, and shorter compression times, the utility of heparin to prevent radial artery occlusion remains a question.
A randomized clinical trial assessing the utility, timing, dose, and route of administration of unfractionated heparin for diagnostic radial catheterization with an aim to prevent radial artery occlusion is needed.
Paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Avoid it or treat it if you can!
Authors: Kumar Arnav , Block Peter C. 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

Paravalvular leaks (PVL) were more severe and frequent with medtronic core valves (MCV) when compared with Edward Sapien valves (ESV) immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).
Severity and frequency of PVL improved in MCV overtime, but not in ESV.
The decrease in frequency of PVL in MCV valves was earlier and more robust in the area surrounding the commissure between noncoronary cusp (NCC) to right coronary cusp (RCC) compared with other areas. Such preferential reduction of PVL was not seen in ESV.
Enzymatic Late‐Stage Oxidation of Lead Compounds with Solubilizing Biomimetic Docking/Protecting groups
Authors: Vickers Clare , Backfisch Gisela , Oellien Frank , Piel Isabel , Lange Udo E. W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLate‐stage functionalization of lead compounds is of high interest in drug discovery since it offers an easy access to metabolites and derivatives of a lead compound without the need to redesign an often long multistep synthesis. Owing to their high degree of chemoselectivity, biocatalytic transformations, enzymatic oxidations in particular, are potentially very powerful because they could allow the synthesis of less lipophilic derivatives of a lead compound. In the majority of cases, enzymatic oxidations have been used in an empirical way as their regioselectivity is difficult to predict. In this publication, the concept of using docking/protecting groups in a biomimetic fashion was investigated, which could help steer the regioselectivity of a P450BM3‐mediated oxidation. A novel set of docking/protecting groups was designed that can be cleaved under very mild conditions and address the often problematic aqueous solubility of the substrates. Vabicaserin was used as tool compound containing typical groups such as basic, aliphatic, and aromatic moieties. The results were rationalized with the help of in silico docking and molecular dynamic studies.
A Germacalicene: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Dong Zhaowen , Albers Lena , Schmidtmann Marc , Müller Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of the germacalicene 7 from the reaction of the dipotassium germole dianion K2[6] with 1,2‐bis‐diisopropylamino‐3‐chlorocyclopropenyl perchlorate is reported. Based on the crystal structure analysis and the results of DFT calculations, the germacalicene 7 can be viewed as a cyclopropenium germacyclopentadienide ylide that is isoelectronic to α‐cationic phosphanes. First reactivity studies revealed its nucleophilic character and resulted in the isolation of the air‐ and moisture‐stable carbonyl iron complex 15 and the cationic silver complex 20. One‐electron oxidation of the germacalicene 7 was achieved by its reaction with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and the bis‐cationic Ge−Ge‐bonded dimer 22 was isolated.
Cu‐Catalyzed Desulfonylative Amination of Benzhydryl Sulfones
Authors: Nambo Masakazu , Tahara Yasuyo , Yim Jacky C.‐H. , Crudden Cathleen M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of benzhydryl amines from the reaction of readily available sulfone derivatives with amines is described. The Cu‐catalyzed desulfonylative amination not only provides structurally diverse benzhydryl amines in good yields, but is also applicable to iterative and intramolecular aminations. Control experiments suggested that the formation of a Cu‐carbene intermediate generated from the sulfone substrate, which represents a new route for desulfonylative transformations.
Characterization of a New Flat Sheet Membrane Module Type for Gas Permeation
Authors: Brinkmann Torsten , Notzke Heiko , Wolff Thorsten , Zhao Li , Luhr Sebastian , Stolten Detlef 
Published: November 2018

AbstractModern high‐performance flat sheet gas separation membranes exhibit high permeances as well as high selectivities, e.g., for CO2 separation. Novel membrane modules are desirable to transfer the intrinsic membrane performance to the process. The introduced module implements countercurrent flow, which allows for the best utilization of the required driving force, provided concentration polarization and pressure drops can be kept at bay. As such, it is different from established flat sheet modules for gas separation. The design features allow for straightforward scaling and easy adjustment to other operating conditions. During module development equation‐oriented modeling, computer‐aided engineering design and application of computational fluid dynamics for flow optimization were integrated. The prototype was investigated in a pilot plant. The experimental results reflected the simulation predictions and proved the validity of the module concept.