bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curricula and learning objectives in nurse practitioner programmes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ljungbeck Birgitta , Forss Katarina Sjogren , Finnbogadóttir Hafrún , Carlson Elisabeth 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionGlobally, nurse practitioner (NP) has become an important nursing role in the pursuit of a more efficient healthcare, possessing the necessary expert skills to work as autonomous practitioners. Nevertheless, there are barriers in the implementation of this role. One barrier concerns the different levels of education required for NPs. Previous studies demonstrate the importance of acting for a uniform international education. The aim of the scoping review was to compile research about education to become an NP, focusing on the content of curricula and learning objectives.Methods and analysisThe six-stage methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley will guide the scoping review through the following stages: identifying the research questions; identifying relevant studies; study selection; charting the data; collating, summarising and reporting the results; and consultation. The research questions are as follows: What is the content of curricula in NP programmes? What are the learning objectives in NP programmes? The literature searches will be conducted between March and June 2019 in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL and ERIC, followed by hand searching reference lists of key studies. Grey literature will be searched in Google Scholar, Libsearch, existing networks and relevant organisations. Two researchers will screen titles and abstracts. Included full-text articles will be screened by three researchers and assessed for their methodological quality by the use of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. The PreferredReporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram will be used to demonstrate included and excluded articles. The findings will be presented through a numerical summary of the included articles, followed by a thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval is not required for a scoping review. The scoping review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Additionally, the findings will be disseminated to stakeholders representing political, educational, professional and union organisations through a Delphi study as part of the consultation stage of the Arksey and O’Malleys framework.
Patterns of opioid use (codeine, morphine or meperidine) in the Canadian population over time: analysis of the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011
Authors: Canizares Mayilee , Power J Denise , Rampersaud Y Raja , Badley Elizabeth M 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate cohort effects in selected opioids use and determine whether cohort differences were associated with changes in risk factors for use over time.DesignThis study presents secondary analyses of a longitudinal survey panel of the general population that collected data biannually.SettingData from the Canadian Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011.PopulationThis study included 12 542 participants from the following birth cohorts: post-World War I (born 1915–1924), pre-World War II (born 1925–1934), World War II (born 1935–1944), Older Baby Boom (born 1945–1954), Younger Baby Boom (born 1955–1964), Older Generation X (born 1965–1974) and Younger Generation X (born 1975–1984).Main outcomeResponses to a single question asking about the use of codeine, morphine or meperidine in the past month (yes/no) were examined.ResultsOver and above age and period effects, there were significant cohort differences in selected opioids use: each succeeding recent cohort had greater use than their predecessors (eg, Gen Xers had greater use than younger baby boomers). Selected opioids use increased significantly from 1994 to 2002, plateauing between 2002 and 2006 and then declining until 2011. After accounting for cohort and period effects, there was a decline in use of these opioids with increasing age. Although pain was significantly associated with greater selected opioids use (OR=3.63, 95% CI 3.39 to 3.94), pain did not explain cohort differences. Cohort and period effects were no longer significant after adjusting for the number of chronic conditions. Cohort differences in selected opioids use mirrored cohort differences in multimorbidity. Use of these opioids was significantly associated with taking antidepressants or tranquillisers (OR=2.52, 95% CI 2.27 to 2.81 and OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.75, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings underscore the need to consider multimorbidity including possible psychological disorders and associated medications when prescribing opioids (codeine, morphine, meperidine), particularly for recent birth cohorts. Continued efforts to monitor prescription patterns and develop specific opioid use guidelines for multimorbidity appear warranted.
Monophasic action potential amplitude for substrate mapping
Authors: Chinyere Ikeotunye Royal , Hutchinson Mathew , Moukabary Talal , Lancaster Jordan , Goldman Steven , Juneman Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Although radiofrequency ablation has revolutionized the management of tachyarrhythmias, the rate of arrhythmia recurrence is a large drawback. Successful substrate identification is paramount to abolishing arrhythmia, and bipolar voltage electrogram’s narrow field of view can be further reduced for increased sensitivity. In this report, we perform cardiac mapping with monophasic action potential (MAP) amplitude. We hypothesize that MAP amplitude (MAPA) will provide more accurate infarct sizes than other mapping modalities via increased sensitivity to distinguish healthy myocardium from scar tissue. Using the left coronary artery ligation Sprague-Dawley rat model of ischemic heart failure, we investigate the accuracy of in vivo ventricular epicardial maps derived from MAPA, MAP duration to 90% repolarization (MAPD90), unipolar voltage amplitude (UVA), and bipolar voltage amplitude (BVA) compared with gold standard histopathological measurement of infarct size. Numerical analysis reveals discrimination of healthy myocardium versus scar tissue using MAPD90 ( P = 0.0158) and UVA ( P < 0.001, n = 21). MAPA and BVA decreased between healthy and border tissue ( P = 0.0218 and 0.0015, respectively) and border and scar tissue ( P = 0.0037 and 0.0094, respectively). Contrary to our hypothesis, BVA mapping performed most accurately regarding quantifying infarct size. MAPA mapping may have high spatial resolution for myocardial tissue characterization but was quantitatively less accurate than other mapping methods at determining infarct size. BVA mapping’s superior utility has been reinforced, supporting its use in translational research and clinical electrophysiology laboratories. MAPA may hold potential value for precisely distinguishing healthy myocardium, border zone, and scar tissue in diseases of disseminated fibrosis such as atrial fibrillation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Monophasic action potential mapping in a clinically relevant model of heart failure with potential implications for atrial fibrillation management.
Pik3ip1 Is a Negative Immune Regulator that Inhibits Antitumor T-Cell Immunity
Authors: Chen Yichen , Wang Jun , Wang Xi , Li Xinye , Song Jingjing , Fang Juan , Liu Xiangqi , Liu Tao , Wang Dikan , Li Qunxing , Wen Shuqiong , Ma Da , Xia Juan , Luo Liqun , Zheng Song Guo , Cui Jun , Zeng Gucheng , Chen Lieping , Cheng Bin , Wang Zhi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Multiple negative regulators restrict the ability of T cells to attack tumors. This work demonstrates the role of PI3K-interacting protein 1 (Pik3ip1) in restraining T-cell responses and antitumor immunity.

Experimental Design:
An anti-Pik3ip1 mAb was generated to identify the Pik3ip1 expression pattern of hematopoietic cells. Pik3ip1−/− mice and a Pik3ip1 fusion protein were generated to investigate the effect of Pik3ip1 on T-cell–mediated antitumor immunity in MC38 and B16-F10 tumor models. Immunoblotting and confocal microscopy were used to identify inhibitory effects of Pik3ip1 on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Pik3ip1 expression was quantified, and its impact on T-cell function in human tumors was measured.

Results:
We demonstrated that Pik3ip1 was predominantly expressed on T cells and served as an essential rheostat for T-cell–mediated immunity. A Pik3ip1 genetic deficiency led to enhanced T-cell responsiveness upon immunization with a neoantigen. Pik3ip1−/− mice exhibited a marked increase in antitumor immunity and were resistant to tumor growth. Furthermore, Pik3ip1 extracellular domain fusion protein enhanced MC38 tumor growth was observed. Mechanistically, we found that Pik3ip1 inhibited TCR signaling by mediating the degradation of SLP76 through Pik3ip1 oligomerization via its extracellular region. Consistent with the results from the mouse models, PIK3IP1 expression correlated with T-cell dysfunction in human tumors.

Conclusions:
Our data reveal a critical role for Pik3ip1 as a novel inhibitory immune regulator of T-cell responses and provide a potential molecular target for cancer immunotherapy.
Preclinical Development of U3-1784, a Novel FGFR4 Antibody Against Cancer, and Avoidance of Its On-target Toxicity
Authors: Bartz René , Fukuchi Keisuke , Ohtsuka Toshiaki , Lange Tanja , Gruner Katrin , Watanabe Ichiro , Hayashi Shinko , Oda Yoko , Kawaida Reimi , Komori Hironobu , Kashimoto Yoshinori , Wirtz Peter , Mayer Jan-Peter A. , Redondo-Müller Mauricio , Saito Shuntaro , Takahashi Mizuki , Hanzawa Hiroyuki , Imai Emi , Martinez Alberto , Hanai Masaharu , Häussinger Dieter , Chapman Roger W. , Agatsuma Toshinori , Bange Johannes , Abraham Reimar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The FGFR4/FGF19 signaling axis is overactivated in 20% of liver tumors and currently represents a promising targetable signaling mechanism in this cancer type. However, blocking FGFR4 or FGF19 has proven challenging due to its physiological role in suppressing bile acid synthesis which leads to increased toxic bile acid plasma levels upon FGFR4 inhibition. An FGFR4-targeting antibody, U3-1784, was generated in order to investigate its suitability as a cancer treatment without major side effects.
U3-1784 is a high-affinity fully human antibody that was obtained by phage display technology and specifically binds to FGFR4. The antibody inhibits cell signaling by competing with various FGFs for their FGFR4 binding site thereby inhibiting receptor activation and downstream signaling via FRS2 and Erk. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth was investigated in 10 different liver cancer models in vivo. The antibody specifically slowed tumor growth of models overexpressing FGF19 by up to 90% whereas tumor growth of models not expressing FGF19 was unaffected. In cynomolgus monkeys, intravenous injection of U3-1784 caused elevated serum bile acid and liver enzyme levels indicating potential liver damage. These effects could be completely prevented by the concomitant oral treatment with the bile acid sequestrant colestyramine, which binds and eliminates bile acids in the gut. These results offer a new biomarker-driven treatment modality in liver cancer without toxicity and they suggest a general strategy for avoiding adverse events with FGFR4 inhibitors.
ВМІСТ ПРОДУКТІВ ЛІПОПЕРОКСИДАЦІЇ ТА АКТИВНІСТЬ ЕНЗИМІВ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В МІОКАРДІ У ДИНАМІЦІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТУ
Authors: Horodetskyy O. T. , Regeda M. S. 
Published: July 2019

Вступ. Розвиток пародонтиту супроводжується змінами маркерів вільнорадикального окиснення та антиоксидантної системи в міокарді, які поступово запускають процеси пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і компенсаторно стимулюють активність досліджуваних ензимів з наступною депресією антиоксидантного захисту. Ці порушення проявляються різною мірою і мають неоднакову спрямованість, що свідчить про різноманітні механізми розвитку запального процесу в пародонті.
Мета дослідження – визначити вміст продуктів ліпопероксидації та активність ензимів антиоксидантної системи в міокарді у динаміці формування експериментального пародонтиту.
Методи дослідження. Досліди проведено на 45 нелінійних білих щурах-самцях масою 0,17–0,21 кг, яких поділили на п’ять груп (по 9 тварин у кожній): 1-ша – контрольна; 2-га, 3-тя, 4-та і 5-та – тварини з експериментальним пародонтитом, відповідно, на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби експерименту.
Результати й обговорення. Результати біохімічних досліджень свідчать про те, що на 1-шу, 7-му, 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування експериментального пародонтиту збільшувався вміст у міокарді дієнових кон’югатів та малонового діальдегіду, що вказувало на активацію процесів вільнорадикального окиснення. Крім порушень прооксидантної системи, досліджували особливості змін антиоксидантного захисту за показниками активності супероксиддисмутази, каталази, вмісту церулоплазміну в міокарді у динаміці формування експериментального пародонтиту. Встановлено, що на 1-шу добу експерименту ці показники підвищувалися, на 7-му – не змінювалися, на 10-ту і 17-ту доби – знижувалися в динаміці формування пародонтиту.
Висновок. Визначення маркерів вільнорадикального окиснення (дієнових кон’югатів, малонового діальдегіду) та антиоксидантної системи (супероксиддисмутази, каталази, церулоплазміну) в міокарді показало поступову стимуляцію процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і компенсаторне підвищення активності досліджуваних ензимів з наступною депресією антиоксидантного захисту, особливо на 10-ту і 17-ту доби формування пародонтиту, що вказує на розвиток оксидативного стресу.
ОДЕРЖАННЯ ТА СТАНДАРТИЗАЦІЯ ЗГУЩЕНОГО СОКУ З ЖУРАВЛИНИ БОЛОТНОЇ ПЛОДІВ
Authors: Yatsyuk K. M. , Fedorovskaya M. I. , Marchyshyn S. M. , Budniak L. I. , Slobodianiuk L. V. 
Published: July 2019

Вступ. Цінною сировиною для розробки фітопрепаратів є журавлини болотної плоди, які застосовують при лікуванні інфекцій сечовидільної системи, застудних та стоматологічних захворювань. Біологічно активні речовини, що містяться в цій сировині, здатні проявляти антимікробні властивості щодо головних уропатогенних штамів мікроорганізмів. При розробці твердих лікарських форм для застосування в урології перспективним є одержання згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів.
Мета дослідження – розробити технологію одержання та здійснити стандартизацію згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів.
Методи дослідження. Свіжоодержаний та згущений сік з журавлини болотної плодів піддавали аналізу за такими показниками, як: опис, рН, сухий залишок (свіжий сік), ідентифікація і кількісне визначення основних груп біологічно активних речовин.
Результати й обговорення. У результаті проведених досліджень розроблено оптимальну технологію одержання згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів. Для свіжоодержаного та згущеного соку визначено основні показники якості.
Висновки. Обґрунтовано оптимальний метод одержання свіжого соку з журавлини болотної плодів та визначено такі його критерії якості, як: зовнішній вигляд, рН від 2,46 до 2,5, ідентифікація методами тонкошарової хроматографії, кольоровими реакціями, кількісне визначення методами титриметрії та УФ-спектрофотометрії (органічні кислоти – не менше 0,78 %, поліфеноли – не менше 1,8 %, таніни – не менше 0,39 %, проантоціанідини – не менше 0,33 %). При одержанні згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів встановлено, що оптимальним методом загущування є інфрачервоне сушіння при 35–40 °С до 30 % від початкової маси. Визначено основні показники якості згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів, а саме: опис, рН від 2,46 до 2,5, кількісний вміст (органічні кислоти – не менше 2,37 %, поліфеноли – не менше 5,37 %, таніни – не менше 1,06 %, проантоціанідини – не менше 0,95 %). Розроблено технологічну схему одержання згущеного соку з журавлини болотної плодів.
Observations on nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the Bordered Dung Beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Singh Amar Paul , De Kritish , Mahajan Shagun , Mondal Ritwik , Uniyal Virendra Prasad 
Published: July 2019

The nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were studied under laboratory conditions for the first time in India. The females made a brood chamber within the dung mass provided, wherein they made brood balls to lay eggs. The life cycle includes egg, larva (three instars), pupa, and adult stages. The total duration for the development was about one month. The study found that there was a significant difference present in the brood ball diameter (except in the first and second instars) and brood ball weight (except in the second instar and pupa) of the six life cycle stages. It was also found that brood ball weight and diameter have a significant positive correlation as well as a linear relationship.
An updated checklist of Indian western Himalayan gymnosperms and lectotypification of three names
Authors: Khuraijam Jibankumar Singh , Mazumdar Jaideep 
Published: July 2019

An updated checklist of gymnosperms of the western Himalaya situated within political boundaries in India is provided along with conservation status and distribution. Lectotype for three names viz., Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex Lam.) G. Don, Pinus roxburghii Sarg., Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss. are designated.
Butterflies collected using malaise traps as useful bycatches for ecology and conservation
Authors: Rosa Augusto Henrique Batista , Perillo Lucas Neves , Neves Frederico Siqueira , Ribeiro Danilo Bandini , Freitas André Victor Lucci 
Published: July 2019

From 2013 to 2016, a study using malaise was carried out throughout the Espinhaço Mountain range in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. A total of 1,000 butterflies belonging to six families, namely Pieridae (n=353), Nymphalidae (n=274), Hesperiidae (n=205), Lycaenidae (n=139), Riodinidae (n=17), and Papilionidae (n=12), were captured during this period. Because of the collecting method, most butterflies became mangled and resulted in faded colours, making them difficult to be identified. Nevertheless, three interesting species were identified in the collected material as they were either threatened, endemic, or undescribed. These new records highlight the importance of storing and making available all collected material, including bycatches, since this can provide important information for studies on ecology, taxonomy, and conservation.
Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal the Contribution of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Stem Cells to Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Gu Wenduo , Nowak Witold N. , Xie Yao , Le Bras Alexandra , Hu Yanhua , Deng Jiacheng , Issa Bhaloo Shirin , Lu Yao , Yuan Hong , Fidanis Efthymios , Saxena Alka , Kanno Tokuwa , Mason A. James , Dulak Jozef , Cai Jingjing , Xu Qingbo 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) plays a vital role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, most studies ascribed the function of PVAT in vascular remodeling to adipokines secreted by the perivascular adipocytes. Whether mesenchymal stem cells exist in PVAT and play a role in vascular regeneration remain unknown.

Approach and Results:
Single-cell RNA-sequencing allowed direct visualization of the heterogeneous PVAT-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PV-ADSCs) at a high resolution and revealed 2 distinct subpopulations, among which one featured signaling pathways crucial for smooth muscle differentiation. Pseudotime analysis of cultured PV-ADSCs unraveled their smooth muscle differentiation trajectory. Transplantation of cultured PV-ADSCs in mouse vein graft model suggested the contribution of PV-ADSCs to vascular remodeling through smooth muscle differentiation. Mechanistically, treatment with TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) and transfection of microRNA (miR)-378a-3p mimics induced a similar metabolic reprogramming of PV-ADSCs, including upregulated mitochondrial potential and altered lipid levels, such as increased cholesterol and promoted smooth muscle differentiation.

Conclusions:
Single-cell RNA-sequencing allows direct visualization of PV-ADSC heterogeneity at a single-cell level and uncovers 2 subpopulations with distinct signature genes and signaling pathways. The function of PVAT in vascular regeneration is partly attributed to PV-ADSCs and their differentiation towards smooth muscle lineage. Mechanistic study presents miR-378a-3p which is a potent regulator of metabolic reprogramming as a potential therapeutic target for vascular regeneration.
Where, When, and Why Did It Rain during PECAN?
Authors: Weckwerth Tammy M. , Romatschke Ulrike 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe overarching goal of the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) field campaign was to improve understanding of the processes contributing to the nocturnal precipitation maximum in the U.S. Great Plains. This study presents the precipitation pattern surrounding PECAN and addresses the origin, timing, duration, and potential causes contributing to that pattern. It is shown that the precipitation occurs most frequently at night, as expected. The maximum in the precipitation pattern occurred in the northeastern portion of the PECAN radar domain. The source of the rainfall was attributed to mountain-initiated precipitation, plains-initiated precipitation, precipitation advecting over the border of the radar domain, and episodes in which different initiation categories merged together. Through the combination of mountain-initiated, border, and merged episodes, 70% of the Great Plains precipitation was caused by episodes that formed outside of the PECAN domain and propagated into the region. The remaining 30% of the precipitation was attributed to plains-initiated storms. The mountain-initiated storms formed primarily in the afternoon and typically dissipated near the mountains. For those that survived, they propagated eastward, grew upscale, and contributed 27% of the precipitation in the plains. The plains-initiated precipitation fell mostly during the afternoon but also contributed to overnight rainfall and those locally triggered systems tended to be relatively smaller and shorter lived. For the top 10% rain-producing events, composite reanalysis fields showed that synoptic-scale features influenced the precipitation pattern and timing: an approaching trough established southwesterly moist flow throughout the region and a nocturnal low-level jet transported moisture to its terminus in the northeast corner of the PECAN domain.
A Seasonally Coherent Calibration (SCC) Model for Postprocessing Numerical Weather Predictions
Authors: Wang Q. J. , Zhao Tony , Yang Qichun , Robertson David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStatistical calibration of forecasts from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models aims to produce forecasts that are unbiased, reliable in ensemble spread, and as skillful as possible. We suggest that the calibrated forecasts should also be coherent in climatology, including seasonality, consistent with observations. This is especially important when forecasts approach climatology as forecast skill becomes low, such as at long lead times. However, it is challenging to achieve these aims when data available to establish sophisticated calibration models are limited. Many NWP models have only a short period of archived data, typically one year or less, when they become officially operational. In this paper, we introduce a seasonally coherent calibration (SCC) model for working effectively with limited archived NWP data. Detailed rationale and mathematical formulations are presented. In the development of the model, three issues are resolved. These are 1) constructing a calibration model that is sophisticated enough to allow for seasonal variation in the statistical characteristics of raw forecasts and observations, 2) bringing climatology that is representative of long-term statistics into the calibration model, and 3) reducing the number of model parameters through sensible reparameterization to make the model workable with short NWP dataset. A case study is conducted to examine model assumptions and evaluate model performance. We find that the model assumptions are sound, and the developed SCC model produces well-calibrated forecasts.