bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance assessment of steel structures with semi-rigid joints in seismic areas
Authors: Boukhalkhal Said Hicham , Ihaddoudène Abd Nacer Touati , Da Costa Neves Luis Filipe , Vellasco Pedro Colmar Gonçalves da Silva , Madi Wafa 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
It is well known that the real behaviour of joints lies between the ideal pinned or rigid joint responses. Additionally the influence of this behaviour on the global structural response has been widely studied in the past centred on the plastic resistance or the critical load. On the other hand, there are relatively few studies focusing on the dynamical response of these structures. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Two types of structures with rigid and semi-rigid joints were considered. Their inelastic response was evaluated using the N2 conventional pushover method, and were later compared to the results from a full non-linear dynamic analysis.

Findings
The results indicated that increasing joint flexibility makes the structure less rigid, lengthening its fundamental period and enhancing its horizontal displacement. Furthermore, a parametric study showed that joint flexibility might be of paramount importance to low to medium rise buildings response.

Originality/value
The evaluation of the influence of joint flexibility on the inelastic behaviour of steel structures located in seismic zone is of paramount importance, and is tackled in this paper.
Soundscape preferences of tourists in historical urban open spaces
Authors: Montazerolhodjah Mahdi , Sharifnejad Mojtaba , Montazerolhodjah MohammadReza 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Considering that the historic city of Yazd was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and given the necessity of improving the environmental qualities due to the increased number of domestic and foreign tourists, the concept of acoustic comfort seems to be of considerable importance. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate the role of sound space components affecting acoustic comfort in the historic urban spaces of the City of Yazd and its two historic squares named Khan Square and Fahadan Square.

Design/methodology/approach
Accordingly, a total of 632 foreign tourists visiting these squares were asked to enumerate different sounds they could hear in the square and identify their relation with acoustic comfort. In terms of the objectives, this is an applied research using survey and correlation methods. In addition, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data.

Findings
The results of this study indicated that motorcycle and automobile noises were considered as the most important sounds disturbing the acoustic comfort, and sounds of children’s play, water, talking and businesses were the most important factors promoting the acoustic comfort in the historic squares.

Originality/value
The paper highlights the soundscape and acoustic conditions that affect the tourisms in the traditional and tourism square in historical context of Yazd city.
Selling the consumer: the marketing of advertising space in Sweden, ca. 1880-1939
Authors: Arnberg Klara 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
By studying the marketing of advertising space, this paper aims to study how class, gender and region were portrayed in terms of economic considerations in adverts selling advertising space to potential advertisers. The paper studies how readers were discursively transformed into consumers in this material and how different consumer groups were depicted, divided and framed during Sweden’s early consumer culture. By doing so, the paper highlights the tensions between aiming at a mass audience, on the one hand, and striving to reach more and more specific consumer groups on the other hand.

Design/methodology/approach
Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are made in order to follow the changes of highlighted consumer groups in the ads. Intersectional analysis is used to see how notions of class and gender intersected during the analysed period.

Findings
The sectioning of the press is in the paper stressed as a prerequisite for market segmentation and the economic history of mass media is lifted as essential for understanding it. The gendering and classing of market segments were also based on how common interests were interpreted by political movements and their press forums. For surviving in the long run, however, the paper argues that the political press needed to commercialise their readerships to attract advertisers and survive economically.

Originality/value
The paper concludes that mass marketing and segmentation processes were in many senses parallel in the studied material. Statements of reaching all social classes diminished over time, but notions of the masses were prevalent in both the worker and the women categories. However, how advertisers choose between different media for their advertising campaigns or how they adopted different marketing methods towards different segments are beyond the scope of this paper.
Nurturing the historic turn: “history as theory” versus “history as method”
Authors: Van Lent Wim , Durepos Gabrielle 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the turn in management and organization studies (MOS) and reflect on “history as theory” versus “history as method”.Design/methodology/approachLooking at previous research and the evolution of MOS, this paper situates the special issue papers in the current climate of this area of research.FindingsThe special issue papers included here each make a theoretical contribution to methodology in historical organization studies.Originality/valueThe eight articles featured in the special issue offer examples of innovative and historically sensitive methodology that, according to the authors, increase the management historian toolkit and ultimately enhance the methodological pluralism of historical organization studies as a field.
What is the value of Facebook? Evidence from the Schwartz/Moon model
Authors: Schosser Josef , Ströbele Heiko 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
On May 17, 2012, the social networking company Facebook Inc. fixes its initial public offering (IPO) price at $38.00 a share. Over the next couple of months, contrary to expectations raised by previous IPOs, the stock price crashes more than 50 per cent. Immediately, the question arises whether the issuer’s or the stock market’s pricing of the share are in line with the firm’s fundamentals. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to determine the company value in close proximity to the date of IPO.

Design/methodology/approach
As Facebook is an archetypal internet growth company, it is evaluated using the Schwartz/Moon model. This approach features significant advantages over traditional valuation models and more adequately captures the characteristics of growth companies.

Findings
As of September 30, 2012, the fundamental share value determined was $26.53, which exceeded the market price per share of $22.66 by 22.48 per cent, but was far less than the IPO stock price. The subsequent sensitivity analysis reveals the robustness of the result to key input parameters.

Originality/value
The results raise doubts about the IPO price of Facebook. Furthermore, this paper is of value from a more conceptual perspective in that an extended version of the Schwartz/Moon model is provided. Beyond extensions previously discussed in the subject-based literature, the authors include stochastic interest rates (as an additional source of uncertainty) and investigate their valuation effects.
Spillover effects in the European financial services industry from internal fraud events
Authors: Eckert Christian , Gatzert Nadine , Pisula Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Previous research observed that large internal fraud events in the general financial services industry imply negative spillover effects, whereas internal fraud in investment banks can imply significantly positive effects for other banks. This paper aims to shed further light on this contradictory result.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, the authors compare the spillover effects of the three largest cases of rogue trader events in investment banks (Company 1, 1995; Company 2, 2008; Company 3, 2011) on the largest competing non-announcing banks and insurance companies in Europe based on an event study.

Findings
The results show that while the respective announcing firm suffered significant market value losses that even led to bankruptcy in case of Company 1, spillover effects on other banks and insurers were twofold. In particular, in case of Company 2 and Company 3, spillover effects on other financial firms were significantly positive depending on the event window, indicating a dominating competitive effect, whereas the Company 1 event with its resulting bankruptcy led to significantly negative spillover effects and thus contagion.

Originality/value
The results offer a first indication that the severity of the event in terms of its consequences for the announcing firm is crucial, as internal fraud events have the potential to significantly worsen the market values of other financial services firms, which is in contrast to the typically observed positive effects.
Seismic amplitude inversion for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhang Tuo , Li Xiang‐Yang 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTransverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry is a common form of anisotropy in sedimentary basins, and it has a significant influence on the seismic amplitude variation with offset. Although exact solutions and approximations of the PP‐wave reflection coefficient for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry have been explicitly studied, it is difficult to apply these equations to amplitude inversion, because more than three parameters need to be estimated, and such an inverse problem is highly ill‐posed. In this paper, we propose a seismic amplitude inversion method for the transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry based on a modified approximation of the reflection coefficient. This new approximation consists of only three model parameters: attribute A, the impedance (vertical phase velocity multiplied by bulk density); attribute B, shear modulus proportional to an anellipticity parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε−δ); and attribute C, the approximate horizontal P‐wave phase velocity, which can be well estimated by using a Bayesian‐framework‐based inversion method. Using numerical tests we show that the derived approximation has similar accuracy to the existing linear approximation and much higher accuracy than isotropic approximations, especially at large angles of incidence and for strong anisotropy. The new inversion method is validated by using both synthetic data and field seismic data. We show that the inverted attributes are robust for shale‐gas reservoir characterization: the shale formation can be discriminated from surrounding formations by using the crossplot of the attributes A and C, and then the gas‐bearing shale can be identified through the combination of the attributes A and B. We then propose a rock‐physics‐based method and a stepwise‐inversion‐based method to estimate the P‐wave anisotropy parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε). The latter is more suitable when subsurface media are strongly heterogeneous. The stepwise inversion produces a stable and accurate Thomsen's parameter ε, which is proved by using both synthetic and field data.
Growth–trait relationships in subtropical forest are stronger at higher diversity
Authors: Bongers Franca J. , Schmid Bernhard , Sun Zhenkai , Li Yin , Härdtle Werner , von Oheimb Goddert , Li Ying , Li Shan , Staab Michael , Ma Keping , Liu Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Understanding how species diversity affects plant performance is a central question in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research. At the community level, functional trait means and trait dissimilarities have been used to explain biodiversity effects, but with mixed success. To disentangle how functional traits explain community growth and underpin biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, we should elucidate how plant traits affect individual growth across species richness levels, because the role of functional traits on growth depends on the ecological context of the individual.

We addressed this topic by using detailed data of twelve functional traits and annual growth for 529 individual trees of 31 species at five species‐richness levels in a large forest biodiversity experiment in south‐east China from 4 to 9 years after planting.

Our analyses show first that individual trait values can change with species richness, indicating that trait values can change due to the biotic context. Secondly, we show that early tree growth is more strongly affected by traits than by species richness. Finally, our data show that growth–trait relationships can change with species richness and with forest age. Trait effects on growth are more pronounced at higher richness levels, indicating that measuring traits on individual trees across richness levels can improve growth predictions and inference of BEF relationships that are shaped by functional traits.

Synthesis. This study shows that functional trait values and their effect on individual tree growth depend on species richness. Our data support the notion that to elucidate how functional traits shape biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships, an important step is to consider the biotic context of individual trees within a community. We have made an initial step by analysing how functional traits affect individual‐tree growth in a diversity‐dependent manner and future research should continue by elucidating the role of traits on tree–tree interactions across diversity levels.
De novo assembly of the transcriptome for Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) and analysis on insecticide resistance‐related genes
Authors: Liu Jun‐Jie , Lu Liu‐Yang , Liu Hui‐Hui , Li Ya‐She , Su Xu , Zhang Bai‐Zhong , Chen Xi‐Ling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani is a major pest species of wheat crops. In this study, a transcriptome sequencing, and the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance were conducted in S. graminum. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were annotated to corresponding functions by blasting with high homologous genes in database, giving annotation rate of 60.72%. To gain insight into the mechanism of insecticide resistance, the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance for S. graminum was investigated. The expression level of aminopeptidase N (AN), cytochrome P450 (CYP), acetylcholinesterase 1 (AC), catalase (CAT), cytochrome c oxidas (CCC), GABA receptor (GABA), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) were highest in the apterous nymphs among different developmental stages; The expression level of AN, CBL, CYP, CA, SD, and GST were relatively more abundant in the abdomen compared to head and throax. The results could give out the key information about the relationship between the expression of these genes in different developmental stages, tissues, treatments and metabolism of insecticides. These genes that were co‐up‐regulated significantly in third instar nymphs of S. graminum induced by imidacloprid, were consistent with their putative involvement in insecticide resistance. This provides most comprehensive transcriptome data for S. graminum to further study and managenment.
The associations of TNF‐α gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Suo‐Chao , Wang Ping , Qi Ming‐Xing , Peng Jing‐Ping , Lin Xiao‐Qian , Zhang Cai‐Yun , Zhao Gui‐Xin , He Gong‐Hao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveFracture is a common consequence of osteoporosis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) gene were associated with osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density (BMD), but results remain conflicting. We herein performed a meta‐analysis based on evidence currently available from the literature to make a more precise estimation of these relationships.MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and Wan Fang databases were searched for eligible studies. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were comprehensively reviewed and all available data were accumulated. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or mean differences (MDs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the strength of the relationships.ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 5273 subjects were included in our meta‐analysis. The GG genotype of TNF‐α G308A was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis under a mutant model (GG vs GA+AA: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51‐0.77, P < 0.0001, I2 = 31%). Additionally, we also observed a significant association between G308A polymorphism and BMD of lumbar spine (AA vs GG: P = 0.01, I2 = 53%). However, TNF‐α T1031C, C857T and C863A polymorphisms had no obvious impacts on osteoporosis risk.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis demonstrated that TNF‐α G308A polymorphism may act as a potential candidate biomarker for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis, which will help improve individualized therapy of osteoporosis patients in clinics.
Multivariate comparison of variance in R
Authors: Le Maître Anne , Mitteroecker Philipp 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Comparisons of pattern and magnitude of phenotypic variation are central to many studies in evolution and ecology, but a meaningful comparison of multivariate variance patterns can be challenging. Here, we review an effective exploratory strategy, relative principal component analysis (relative PCA), for the comparison of variance–covariance matrices based on their relative eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Relative PCA allows for the identification of multivariate traits (linear combinations of variables) with maximal or minimal variance ratios between two groups. It can be used to explore the generation and canalization of phenotypic variance throughout ontogeny and phylogeny. Relative PCA also gives rise to a natural metric for the ordination of a sample of covariance matrices. We present a novel biometric justification of these approaches and discuss numerical difficulties as well as strategies for statistical inference, along with a new implementation of these methods in R.

In an application of relative PCA to geometric morphometric data on cichlid body shape, we found that the phenotypic variance–covariance structure differs between males and females as well as between allopatric and sympatric populations of Tropheus moorii. Divergent selection in these populations mainly affected shape features related to swimming ability, whereas tropic morphology appears to be under stabilizing selection.

In biology and biomedicine, individual variation is a key signal. Standard ordination methods as well as scalar summary statistics of multivariate variation often pool different biological factors with heterogeneous variational dynamics and thus conceal differences in variance–covariance pattern among groups. Relative PCA complements existing tests for the proportionality of covariance matrices and is an effective exploratory method to identify multivariate traits that differ in variance between populations, age groups, or treatment groups. By comparing within‐ and between‐population covariance matrices, relative PCA can reveal traits under divergent or stabilizing selection.
A randomised controlled trial of the pectoral nerves‐2 (PECS‐2) block for radical mastectomy
Authors: Al Ja'bari A. , Robertson M. , El‐Boghdadly K. , Albrecht E. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe randomly allocated 50 women scheduled for radical mastectomy to pectoral nerves‐2 (PECS‐2) block (n = 25) or no block (n = 25), 20 and 22 of whom we analysed for the primary outcome of a cumulative 24‐h postoperative morphine dose. We gave intra‐operative sufentanil, magnesium, dexamethasone and droperidol. Participants received regular postoperative paracetamol, ibuprofen and patient‐controlled intravenous morphine. Pectoral nerves‐2 block reduced mean (SD) cumulative 24 h postoperative morphine dose from 9.7 (8.9) mg to 5.0 (5.4) mg and 48 h morphine dose from 12.8 (12.5) mg to 6.0 (6.5) mg, p = 0.04 for both. The mean (SD) pain scores 24 h and 48 h after surgery were similar with or without block: 0.8 (1.4) vs. 1.2 (1.9), p = 0.39; and 0.2 (0.4) vs. 0.9 (1.8), p = 0.09, respectively. Rates of postoperative nausea, vomiting and pruritus were unaffected. Rates of chronic pain at six postoperative months were 2/19 and 2/18 after block and no block, respectively, p = 0.95.
3 Households and Institutions: A Late 3rd Millennium BCE Neighborhood at Tell Asmar, Iraq (Ancient Eshnunna)
Authors: Truex Lise A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTo test the value of the neighborhood and community concepts for understanding the archaeology of neighborhoods in the urban landscapes of the late Early Dynastic city‐states and the Akkadian state in ancient Mesopotamia, this chapter examines socioeconomic changes in the material culture across occupation levels in a residential area at Tell Asmar (ancient Eshnunna), Iraq and investigates processes by which the area became a more uniformly elite set of households. Tell Asmar was one of several major urban settlements in the lower Diyala River region, with occupation of the site extending back into late prehistory. The research dataset comprises a limited subset of archaeological evidence recovered from the Tell Asmar Northern Palace Area and the Private Houses Area by the 1930s Oriental Institute of Chicago Diyala Expedition excavations and concentrates on late 3rd millennium BCE residential occupation levels, architecture, and artifacts, as well as ancient texts. A detailed analysis compares one household with a life cycle that spanned the late 3rd millennium with the households of three late Akkadian houses that appeared alongside the architectural reorganization of the Northern Palace Building. This chapter seeks not only to explore the roles of private households within an urban Mesopotamian neighborhood but also to show that the Private Houses Area and the Northern Palace Building continually evolved as a neighborhood because residents were constantly negotiating and maintaining interconnected private and official relationships, and as one community, they shared in the growth, decline, and resurgence that connected them to broader socioeconomic and political developments.