bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschoolers find ways to resist temptation after learning that willpower can be energizing
Authors: Haimovitz Kyla , Dweck Carol S. , Walton Gregory M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChildren's tendency to delay gratification predicts important life outcomes, yet little is known about how to enhance delay of gratification other than by teaching task‐specific strategies. The present research investigated the effect of exposing children to a model who experiences the exertion of willpower as energizing. In two experiments, 86 4‐ to 5‐year olds were read a story that represented the exertion of willpower as energizing or a control story before taking part in a delay of gratification task. Children exposed to a storybook character who struggled with waiting, but eventually found it energizing, spontaneously generated more delay strategies, which enhanced delay. By promoting the search for effective strategies, this approach provides a promising direction for efforts to foster self‐regulation early in development.
Paediatric motor phenotypes in early‐onset ataxia, developmental coordination disorder, and central hypotonia
Authors: Lawerman Tjitske F , Brandsma Rick , Maurits Natalia M , Martinez‐Manzanera Octavio , Verschuuren‐Bemelmans Corien C , Lunsing Roelineke J , Brouwer Oebo F , Kremer Hubertus PH , Sival Deborah A 
Published: September 2019

AimsTo investigate the accuracy of phenotypic early‐onset ataxia (EOA) recognition among developmental conditions, including developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and hypotonia of central nervous system origin, and the effect of scientifically validated EOA features on changing phenotypic consensus.MethodWe included 32 children (4–17y) diagnosed with EOA (n=11), DCD (n=10), and central hypotonia (n=11). Three paediatric neurologists independently assessed videotaped motor behaviour phenotypically and quantitatively (using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia [SARA]). We determined: (1) phenotypic interobserver agreement and phenotypic homogeneity (percentage of phenotypes with full consensus by all three observers according to the underlying diagnosis); (2) SARA (sub)score profiles; and (3) the effect of three scientifically validated EOA features on phenotypic consensus.ResultsPhenotypic homogeneity occurred in 8 out of 11, 2 out of 10, and 1 out of 11 patients with EOA, DCD, and central hypotonia respectively. Homogeneous phenotypic discrimination of EOA from DCD and central hypotonia occurred in 16 out of 21 and 22 out of 22 patients respectively. Inhomogeneously discriminated EOA and DCD phenotypes (5 out of 21) revealed overlapping SARA scores with different SARA subscore profiles. After phenotypic reassessment with scientifically validated EOA features, phenotypic homogeneity changed from 16 to 18 patients.InterpretationIn contrast to complete distinction between EOA and central hypotonia, the paediatric motor phenotype did not reliably distinguish between EOA and DCD. Reassessment with scientifically validated EOA features could contribute to a higher phenotypic consensus.

Early‐onset ataxia (EOA) and central hypotonia motor phenotypes were reliably distinguished.

EOA and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) motor phenotypes were not reliably distinguished.

The EOA and DCD phenotypes have different profiles of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia.
Severe neonatal hypoglycaemia and intrapartum glycaemic control in pregnancies complicated by type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes
Authors: Yamamoto J. M. , Donovan L. E. , Mohammad K. , Wood S. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine if in‐target intrapartum glucose control is associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with type 1, type 2 or gestational diabetes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with diabetes and their neonates. The primary exposure was in‐target glucose control, defined as all capillary glucose values within the range 3.5–6.5 mmol/l during the intrapartum period. The primary outcome, neonatal hypoglycaemia, was defined as treatment with intravenous dextrose therapy. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between maternal intrapartum glycaemic control and neonatal hypoglycaemia, adjusting for covariates.ResultsIntrapartum glucose testing was available for 157 (86.3%), 267 (76.3%) and 3256 (52.4%) women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, respectively. In the univariate analysis, in‐target glycaemic control was significantly associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with gestational diabetes, but not in women with type 1 or 2 diabetes. However, after adjustment for important neonatal factors (large for gestational age, preterm delivery and infant sex), intrapartum in‐target glycaemic control was not significantly associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia in women regardless of diabetes type [adjusted odds ratios 0.4 (95% CI 0.1, 1.4), 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.3) and 0.7 (95% CI 0.5, 1.0) for women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes, respectively].ConclusionsThere was no significant association between in‐target glycaemic control and neonatal hypoglycaemia after adjustment for neonatal factors. Given the high risk of maternal hypoglycaemia and the resources required, future trials should consider whether more relaxed intrapartum glycaemic targets may be safer and yield similar neonatal outcomes.
Association between anti‐thyroid antibodies and negative symptoms in early psychosis
Authors: Barbero Juan D. , Palacín Aida , Serra Pilar , Solé Montse , Ortega Laura , Cabezas Ángel , Montalvo Itziar , Algora Maria José , Martorell Lourdes , Vilella Elisabet , Sánchez‐Gistau Vanessa , Labad Javier 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimIn the current cross‐sectional study, we aimed to explore whether thyroid function or thyroid autoimmunity are associated with psychopathological symptoms and social functioning in patients with early psychosis. We hypothesized that psychopathological severity is greater in those patients with positive thyroid autoimmunity.MethodsWe studied 70 outpatients with early psychosis (<3 years of illness) and 37 healthy subjects. Psychopathological symptoms (positive, negative, disorganized, excited and depressive) and social functioning were assessed. Thyroid autoimmunity (antibodies against thyroid peroxidase [TPO‐Abs] and thyroglobulin [TG‐Abs]) and thyroid function (thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH] and free thyroxin [FT4]) were determined. Associations of thyroid variables and psychometric measures were assessed with Spearman's correlations. Logistic regression was performed to explore the association between psychopathological symptoms and positive anti‐thyroidal antibodies while adjusting for covariates.ResultsWhen compared to patients without thyroid antibodies, those with positive thyroid antibodies had more negative symptoms and poorer function (P < .05). Titres of TPO‐Abs were significantly correlated with negative and depressive PANSS domains and poorer functioning. TG‐Abs were also associated with poorer functioning but not with psychopathological symptoms. TSH and FT4 concentrations were not associated with clinical symptoms. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, antipsychotic treatment, lithium, TSH and FT4 concentrations, negative symptoms were associated with thyroid autoimmunity (OR = 1.2, P = .019).ConclusionsOur study suggests that anti‐thyroid antibodies are associated with a more severe phenotype with increased negative symptoms and poorer functioning in early psychotic patients. Since causality cannot be inferred with cross‐sectional data, future longitudinal studies are needed to overcome this limitation.
Rethinking Depth Metaphors with a Cosmocentric Self: The “Steep” and the “Level” in Akha Emotional Practices
Authors: Tooker Deborah E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study critically engages two analytic constructs: western psychological individualism (with its assumed emotional interiority) and the notion of a generic sociocentric self. By looking at the emotional practices of the Akha of Northern Thailand in a nonmodern context, I aim to show the distinctiveness of a particular type of socio‐ and cosmo‐centric self, that of the “microcosmic,” “level” self, which is not a depth self. This analysis examines the semiotic ideology in which Akha emotions and self concepts are co‐constituted as part of a process of inner/outer alignment with both communal and cosmic templates that affect the flow of a life force energy. In addition, Akha social dynamics resist and deflect from the emergence of a potentially dangerous individualized depth self with emotional interiority and an inner/outer boundary, suggesting an ideological component, and, thus, the relevance of historical and political‐economic contexts in the study of emotional practices.
The type of bottleneck matters: Insights into the deleterious variation landscape of small managed populations
Authors: Bortoluzzi Chiara , Bosse Mirte , Derks Martijn F. L. , Crooijmans Richard P. M. A. , Groenen Martien A. M. , Megens Hendrik‐Jan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPredictions about the consequences of a small population size on genetic and deleterious variation are fundamental to population genetics. As small populations are more affected by genetic drift, purifying selection acting against deleterious alleles is predicted to be less efficient, therefore increasing the risk of inbreeding depression. However, the extent to which small populations are subjected to genetic drift depends on the nature and time frame in which the bottleneck occurs. Domesticated species are an excellent model to investigate the consequences of population bottlenecks on genetic and deleterious variation in small populations. This is because their history is dominated by known bottlenecks associated with domestication, breed formation and intense selective breeding. Here, we use whole‐genome sequencing data from 97 chickens representing 39 traditional fancy breeds to directly examine the consequences of two types of bottlenecks for deleterious variation: the severe domestication bottleneck and the recent population decline accompanying breed formation. We find that recently bottlenecked populations have a higher proportion of deleterious variants relative to populations that have been kept at small population sizes since domestication. We also observe that long tracts of homozygous genotypes (runs of homozygosity) are proportionally more enriched in deleterious variants than the rest of the genome. This enrichment is particularly evident in recently bottlenecked populations, suggesting that homozygosity of these variants is likely to occur due to genetic drift and recent inbreeding. Our results indicate that the timing and nature of population bottlenecks can substantially shape the deleterious variation landscape in small populations.
Dynamics of the feedback loops required for the phenotypic stabilization in the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Silveira Daner A. , Mombach José Carlos M. 
Published: September 2019

The epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex mechanism in which cells undergo a transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes (there is also an intermediary hybrid state) in response to microenvironmental alterations and aberrant stimuli triggered by molecules such as TGF‐β. Recent studies in breast cancer progression reported new feedback loops and new participant molecules such as microRNAs 340 and 1199. In this work, we propose a logical model of EMT contemplating the influence of these new published molecules on the regulatory core of EMT. The model results were compared with theoretical and experimental data for the human breast epithelial cell line MCF10A presenting excellent agreement. We propose that the miRNAs 340 and 1199 should be considered phenotypic stability factors of the hybrid state based on the positive feedback loops they form with ZEB1. In addition, the model allows the prediction of phenotype probabilities at the coexistence region. For the tristable dynamics when epithelial, hybrid, and mesenchymal phenotypes coexist, we found that the hybrid state is the most probable, agreeing with experiments. Our results highlight new mechanisms related to the EMT dynamics in response to TGF‐β stimulus in epithelial breast cells and might help the design of therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
Practice guideline update summary: Pharmacologic treatment for pediatric migraine prevention
Authors: Oskoui Maryam , Pringsheim Tamara , Billinghurst Lori , Potrebic Sonja , Gersz Elaine M. , Gloss David , Holler‐Managan Yolanda , Leininger Emily , Licking Nicole , Mack Kenneth , Powers Scott W. , Sowell Michael , Cristina Victorio M. , Yonker Marcy , Zanitsch Heather , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo provide updated evidence‐based recommendations for migraine prevention using pharmacologic treatment with or without cognitive behavioral therapy in the pediatric population.MethodsThe authors systematically reviewed literature from January 2003 to August 2017 and developed practice recommendations using the American Academy of Neurology 2011 process, as amended.ResultsFifteen class I‐III studies on migraine prevention in children in adolescents met inclusion criteria. There is insufficient evidence to determine if children and adolescents receiving divalproex, onabotulinumtoxinA, amitriptyline, nimodipine and flunarizine are more or less likely than those receiving placebo to have a reduction in headache frequency. Children with migraine receiving propranolol are possibly more likely than those receiving placebo to have an at least 50% reduction in headache frequency. Children and adolescents receiving topiramate and cinnarizine are probably more likely than those receiving placebo to have a decrease in headache frequency. Children with migraine receiving amitriptyline plus cognitive behavioral therapy are more likely than those receiving amitriptyline plus headache education to have a reduction in headache frequency.RecommendationsThe majority of randomized controlled trials studying the efficacy of preventive medications for pediatric migraine fail to demonstrate superiority to placebo. Recommendations for the prevention of migraine in children include counseling on lifestyle and behavioral factors that influence headache frequency, and assessment and management of comorbid disorders associated with headache persistence. Clinicians should engage in shared decision making with patients and caregivers regarding the use of preventive treatments for migraine, including discussion of the limitations in the evidence to support pharmacologic treatments.
Effect of turanose on the rheology and oil uptake of instant fried noodles
Authors: Oh Imkyung , Park Yujin , Lee Suyong 
Published: September 2019

SummaryEffects of turanose on the functional properties of instant fried noodles were assessed mainly in terms of rheology‐ and oil uptake‐related characteristics. The Mixolab results showed that the water absorption of dough decreased as the turanose level increased, whereas the gel stability and starch retrogradation increased. Also, the use of turanose lowered the storage and loss moduli of the dough, showing a more viscous nature. These viscoelastic characteristics were correlated with the decreased resistance to extension and increased extensibility. NMR spin–spin relaxation analysis showed three distinct water populations in the turanose noodle doughs whose relaxation times were varied depending on the level of turanose. After frying, the noodles with turanose exhibited a continuous and smooth surface as well as a less porous structure. These microstructural characteristics were correlated with the reduced oil uptake by 20.8%, the enhanced oxidative stability and furthermore the improved breaking stress.
Two‐step synthesis process for high‐entropy diboride powders
Authors: Feng Lun , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐entropy diboride powders were produced by a two‐step synthesis process consisting of boro/carbothermal reduction followed by solid solution formation. Nominally phase‐pure (Hf,Zr,Ti,Ta,Nb)B2 in a single‐phase hexagonal structure had an average particle size of just over 400 nm and contained 0.3 wt% carbon and 0.3 wt% oxygen. The fine particle size was due to the use of high‐energy ball milling prior to boro/carbothermal reduction, which led to a relatively low synthesis temperature of 1650°C. Oxygen and carbon contents were minimized by completion of the boro/carbothermal reduction reactions under vacuum. This is the first report of synthesis of a nominally phase pure high‐entropy diboride powder from oxides using a two‐step process.
How old is old for implant therapy in terms of early implant losses?
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Ebner Maria , Knibbe Marianne , Pandis Nikolaos , Kuchler Ulrike , Ulm Christian , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess, retrospectively, whether older age has an impact on implant osseointegration when compared with younger age.MethodsAll patients ≥65 years old at implant installation, in an university setting over a time‐period of 11.5 years, with complete anamnestic data and follow‐up until prosthetic restoration were included, and any early implant loss (EIL; i.e. lack of osseointegration prior to or at the time‐point of prosthetic restoration) was recorded. Further, one implant, from each of the elderly patients, was attempted matched to one implant in a younger patient (35 to <55 years old at implant installation) from the same clinic based on (a) gender, (b) implant region, (c) smoking status and (d) bone grafting prior to/simultaneously with implant installation. The potential impact of various local and systemic factors on EIL in the entire elderly population, and in the matched elderly and younger patient group was statistically assessed.ResultsFour hundred forty‐four patients ≥65 years old (range 65.1–91.3; 56.8% female) receiving 1,517 implants were identified; 10 patients had one EIL each (implant/patient level: 0.66/2.25%). Splitting this patient cohort additionally into four age groups [65–69.9 (n = 213), 70–74.9 (n = 111), 75–79.9 (n = 80) and ≥80 (n = 40)], EIL was on the implant level 0.41, 0.83, 0.34 and 2.26%, respectively, (p = .102) and on the patient level 1.41, 2.70, 1.25 and 7.50%, respectively, (p = .104); multilevel analysis showed weak evidence of association of increasing age with higher EIL rate (p = .090). Matching was possible in 347 cases, and 5 (1.44%) and 9 (2.59%) EIL in the elderly and younger patients, respectively, were observed (p = .280). EIL could not be associated with any systemic condition or medication intake.ConclusionsElderly patients ≥65 years old presented a similarly low EIL rate as younger patients 35 to <55 years old, while patients ≥80 years old may have a slight tendency for a higher EIL rate. Hence, ageing does not seem to compromise osseointegration, and if at all, then only slightly and at a later stage of life.
Male age and its association with reproductive traits in captive and wild house sparrows
Authors: Girndt Antje , Cockburn Glenn , Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Hertel Moritz , Burke Terry , Schroeder Julia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEvolutionary theory predicts that females seek extra‐pair fertilizations from high‐quality males. In socially monogamous bird species, it is often old males that are most successful in extra‐pair fertilizations. Adaptive models of female extra‐pair mate choice suggest that old males may produce offspring of higher genetic quality than young males because they have proven their survivability. However, old males are also more likely to show signs of reproductive senescence, such as reduced sperm quality. To better understand why old males account for a disproportionally large number of extra‐pair offspring and what the consequences of mating with old males are, we compared several sperm traits of both captive and wild house sparrows, Passer domesticus. Sperm morphological traits and cloacal protuberance volume (a proxy for sperm load) of old and young males did not differ substantially. However, old males delivered almost three times more sperm to the female's egg than young males. We discuss the possibility of a post‐copulatory advantage for old over young males and the consequences for females mated with old males.
Development of Anncaliia algerae (Microsporidia) in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sokolova Yuliya Y. , Weidner Earl , DiMario Patrick J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRepresentatives of the genus Anncaliia are known as natural parasites of dipteran and coleopteran insects, amphipod crustaceans, but also humans, primarily with immunodeficiency. Anncaliia algerae‐caused fatal myositis is considered as an emergent infectious disease in humans. A. (=Nosema, Brachiola) algerae, the best studied species of the genus, demonstrates the broadest among microsporidia range of natural and experimental hosts, but it has never been propagated in Drosophila. We present ultrastructural analysis of development of A. algerae in visceral muscles and adipocytes of Drosophila melanogaster 2 wk after per oral experimental infection. We observed typical to Anncaliia spp. features of ultrastructure and cell pathology including spore morphology, characteristic extensions of the plasma membrane, and presence of “ridges” and appendages of tubular material at proliferative stages. Anncaliia algerae development in D. melanogaster was particularly similar to one of A. algerae and A.(Brachiola) vesicularum in humans with acute myositis. Given D. melanogaster is currently the most established genetic model, with a fully sequenced genome and easily available transgenic forms and genomic markers, a novel host–parasite system might provide new genetic tools to investigate host–pathogen interactions of A. algerae, as well to test antimicrosporidia drugs.
Key sectors in greenhouse gas emissions in Spain: An alternative input–output analysis
Authors: Alcántara Vicent , Padilla Emilio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe develop an alternative input–output approach and apply it to the determination of key sectors in emissions. This methodology allows us to assess and classify the different productive sectors according to their greenhouse gas emissions and the role that they play in the productive structure, as well as the participation of their output in the total volume of production. In contrast with previous approaches, we do not focus on the responsibility of final demand, but on the responsibility of the total production of each sector. We apply our methodology to the 2014 input–output table for Spain provided by the World Input–Output Database (2016). The results show that the sectors that induce more emissions from other sectors are manufacture of food products, wholesale and retail trade, and construction. Those that are pulled to emit coincide with those that are relevant for their own final demand, being the most important electricity and gas provision, agriculture, and transportation. The classification obtained allows to orient the design of greenhouse gas emission mitigation policies for the different sectors.