bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning the existing building stock into a resource mine: proposal for a new method to develop building stock models
Authors: Lismont A , Allacker K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The construction sector is facing an important challenge to reduce its resource consumption. A promising strategy is to reduce the need of virgin resources by using the existing building stock as a resource mine. Various insights are needed to enable this. It should be clear how many materials are in the stock, when these will become available and to what extent these can be reclaimed in an environmentally and economically viable way. For this purpose a spatio-temporal building stock model is being developed and tested on the city of Leuven, Belgium. In a next step it will be assessed how these flows can be reclaimed in an environmentally and economically viable way. This paper provides a review on the methods used for building stock modelling and proposes improvements on the bottom-up archetypes scaling method. Building parameters relevant to material reuse and are introduced and a new methodology for upscaling is presented, using two data analysis techniques: a clustering algorithm and an artificial neural network.
Optimization-based planning of local energy systems -bridging the research-practice gap
Authors: Andrew Bollinger L , Marquant J , Sulzer M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Optimization-based planning of local energy systems – though increasingly mature from a methodological perspective – is not commonly applied in practice. This paper synthesizes learnings from 4 case studies – focused on 4 different sites – in which optimization-based methodologies have been applied to the planning of local energy systems. The aim is to generate insights to facilitate the more effective application of optimization-based methodologies to local energy systems planning in practice. The results indicate that an intensively iterative methodology is critical not only as a basis for adapting the analysis based on stakeholder input, but also to facilitate learning on the part of stakeholders with regard to the value and limitations of the approach and the results. With regard to optimization methodologies, in particular temporal decomposition methodologies are identified as critical to preserving computational tractability in the optimization of complex technical systems, especially those featuring networks and those with many energy carriers or technology options. It is suggested that the methodological tailoring of an optimization model to a specific case and the calculation/visualization of key indicators can be largely automated, which could significantly accelerate future studies and reduce the knowledge required for their execution.
Implementation of a sustainability monitoring tool into the dynamics of an urban brownfield regeneration project
Authors: Laprise M , Rey E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Within the context of post-industrial European cities, the regeneration of urban brownfields contributes to limit urban sprawl by increasing cities density while revitalizing neighborhoods. Yet because of their complex nature, urban brownfields regeneration projects (UBRP) are not automatically sustainable. To foster the integration of sustainability objectives into these projects dynamics, an operational monitoring tool was created. Entitled SIPRIUS+, this tool is a collaborative web-based software combining sustainability indicators adapted to UBRP issues and several management functionalities. Test applications conducted on case studies and presented to the related stakeholders gave positive insights about the potential of SIPRIUS+ to provide decision-making support. However, because of the long duration of UBRP, some aspects inherent to monitoring were not verified and the tool not piloted in real conditions. In order to confront SIPRIUS+ with the reality of the practice and its end-users, the tool is now being implemented for an 18-month period in the Gare-Lac neighborhood project located in Yverdon-les-Bains (Switzerland). The paper investigates how SIPRIUS+ is actually implemented into the project’s ongoing urban planning procedure. Then, we analyze preliminary feedbacks to measure the level of adoption of the monitoring approach by the different stakeholders and to identify points of improvement.
Implementing climate impacts in road infrastructure in the design phase by combining BIM with LCA
Authors: Slobodchikov R , Lohne Bakke K , Ragnar Svennevig P , O’Born R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Building information modelling (BIM) software is increasingly being used in as a visual road design tool and offers real-time information on material demands as designs change. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that is used to measure the lifetime environmental impacts of systems, materials and processes. LCA data sets are organized according to process or product, which is ideal for implementation as a parameter in BIM. This paper seeks to explore how BIM and LCA can be used together in road design by analysing existing literature, creating a Norwegian test case on a road designed in a BIM model and adding LCA data to the model before comparing to a standard LCA study of the same road. Challenges such as including machinery emissions, uncertainty, data availability, and other insights gained will be discussed. The goal of this paper is to present a path forward for road builders to combine LCA and BIM to promote simplified LCA calculations.
Influence of cross passages temperatures on the life-cycle cost of technical equipment in a railway tunnel
Authors: Scherz M , Fruhwirt D , Bacher M , Steiner H , Passer A , Kreiner H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to achieve the climate goals, the implementation of sustainable construction is becoming more and more topical in the construction sector. Due to very long service lifes especially in railway projects, the consideration of life-cycle aspects into the early design process is of great importance. Regarding the assessment of the economic pillar of sustainability, life-cycle costing has become an established method. This study presents the application of life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for decision aiding in railway construction. The two tunnel tubes of the project Koralmtunnel (KAT) are connected with approximately 70 cross-passages (CPs) at intervals of around 500 m. These CPs serve as escape-ways and additionally host utility rooms for technical equipment (telecomunication, power supply and remote control). First thermal simulations revealed indoor temperatures up to 80
[openbullet]
C due to the heat release of the technical equipment without implementation of technical cooling systems in operation phase. This is caused by the limited heat transfer with the surrounding rock and with the adjacent running tubes. Therefore, the implementation of a cooling system is necessary. It is stated that higher indoor temperatures lead to reduced service lifes of the installed telecommunication systems. By the application of Arrhenius equation, the influence of several indoor target temperatures on the expected life time of the installed telecommunication systems has been determined. In order to meet target temperature requirements appropriate scenarios including different cooling scenarios have been designed. Finally, LCCA by application of the net-present value-method (NPV-method) was conducted in order to determine the most economical solution regarding CPs cooling systems based on selected target-temperatures.
Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis under uncertainty in sustainable construction: a neutrosophic modified best-worst method
Authors: Scherz M , Vafadarnikjoo A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Capturing uncertainty in multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is not a new theme but a largely developing topic which is in close connection with uncertainty theories such as fuzzy set and grey systems theories. Due to growing complexity of construction processes mainly because of implementation of sustainability aspects it would be necessary to take advantage of a novel MCDA methodology as an efficient tool to handle the uncertainty in sustainable construction decision making. In this study, we utilise a novel neutrosophic modified best-worst method (NM-BWM) to deal with the uncertainty in decision making in the context of sustainable construction. The method is an integration of neutrosophic set theory (NST) and the modified best-worst method (M-BWM). The NST can provide insights on efficient uncertainty handling of decision makers (DMs) subjective judgements. The BWM is a MCDA method which utilises two vectors of pairwise comparisons (the best criterion to others and others to the worst criterion) to obtain the weights of evaluation criteria. Merits of the BWM include its capability in effectively remedying the inconsistency derived from pairwise comparisons as well as simplicity and less pairwise comparisons compared to other similar methods like analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We show the applicability of the method in a case study with focus on the implementation of sustainable construction.
Consistent BIM-led LCA during the entire building design process
Authors: Cavalliere C , Hollberg A , Dell’Osso G R , Habert G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a suitable method to analyse the environmental impact of buildings’ design choices. However, the nature of the building design process leads to a dilemma when applying LCA in early phases. LCA can be fully performed only in the later design phases when complete information is available, but it is too costly to make changes. As a result, LCA is scarcely employed as a decision-making tool. Building Information Modelling (BIM) can assist LCA during the design process. So far, two different approaches are usually adopted to perform the BIM-based LCA of buildings. The first approach concerns performing LCA with a detailed BIM at the end of the building design process. The second approach involves simplified methodologies for early design stages with uncertain data. This study proposes a novel approach for applying a consistent BIM-led LCA from the early design stages to the detailed ones based on lower to higher level of accuracy. Since the BIM elements are specified with increasing level of detail in each design phase, the method uses different LCA databases for the Level of Developments (LODs) of the building elements. Accordingly, LCA calculations are based on mixing the databases in every design phase. This is possible as long as the databases use identical background data. The framework helps to provide consistent information for decision-making throughout the whole design process, both in the later design phases and early ones with a simplified BIM.
BIM-integrated LCA - model analysis and implementation for practice
Authors: Forth K , Braun A , Borrmann A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ecological impacts of buildings can be quantified using the method of Lifecycle Assessment (LCA). With the help of digital methods and semantic building models (BIM), those impacts can be reduced by investigation of variants and their LCA comparison. However, there is a large deviation in the results due to inaccuracies in the modeling and the calculation tools. This paper proposes an improved workflow of BIM-integrated LCA avoiding those inaccuracies. As a first step, various sources of error are identified using a model analysis, which is examined with 25 models focusing on geometry and materiality. Thereby different workflows are investigated, modeling recommendations are derived based on the error analysis, and the findings are implemented in a prototype. Through an optimized calculation process, the semi-automatic calculation of life cycle assessments becomes faster, more consistent and more accurate due to the improved integration in BIM.
A cross-platform modular framework for building Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Kiss B , Röck M , Passer A , Szalay Z 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In recent years the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for assessing and improving the environmental performance of buildings has increased. At the same time, the automated optimization of building designs is gaining attraction for both design and research purposes. In this regard, a number of issues persist when aiming to optimize building’s environmental impacts along the design process. Firstly, as LCA applies a life cycle perspective, many aspects have to be considered (e.g. energy demand in operation as well as consumption of resources and energy for production and end of life treatment) and a variety of specific calculations is needed (e.g. building energy performance simulation, material quantity take-off). Secondly, sophisticated software packages are available and being used for each of these calculations (e.g. software for building modelling, dynamic energy simulation, quantity surveying). Though many of these software packages are currently standalone applications that rely on human interaction, there is an increasing trend to provide an application programming interface (API) that enables customization and automation. Thirdly, the mentioned processes and calculations are influencing each other in various ways and several scenarios have to be assessed. Thus, a comprehensive and modular approach is required that promotes interconnectivity of the different software solutions and automation of the assessment. In this paper we propose a modular cross-platform framework for LCA of buildings aiming to support flexibility and scalability of building LCA. We present a conceptual framework, example data exchange requirements and highlight potential implementation strategies.
Towards a Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment method for the quantification and reduction of impacts of buildings life cycle
Authors: Llatas C , Angulo Fornos R , Bizcocho N , Cortés Albalá I , Falcón Ganfornina R , Galeana I , García-Martínez A , Gómez de Cózar J C , López Alonso S , Meda P , Mercado Martínez J M , Montes M V , Periañez Cristobal R , Quiñones R , Rojo T , Rubio Bellido C , Ruiz Alfonsea M , Soust-Verdaguer B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The construction and building sectors are one of the highest consumers of resources and energy. Literature evidences the potentialities of the design phase towards the improvement of environmental, economic and social performance of buildings. Thus, the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). approach is recognized as suitable method. It is based on the “triple bottom line” principle, to calculate environmental, economic, social impacts produced by buildings during its life cycle. The present paper aims to present a methodological framework based on an LCSA, used during design stages of buildings and integrated into a building’s design technology such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). A conceptual approach to conduct the data integration and a possible workflow to integrate the LCSA into BIM is proposed. The value of the present approach is the possibility to conduct quantitative environmental, economic and social assessment of buildings to guide designers to measure and predict the building’s performance.
Digitalization of building LCA and international activities – in the context of German assessment system for sustainable building
Authors: Brockmann T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper it is shown how digitalization and the establishment of an online infrastructure for life cycle assessment (LCA) in the context of the assessment system for sustainable building (BNB) by the German government forms starting point for an open international data network, as brought forward by the activities of InData (“International Open Data Network for Sustainable Building”). The establishment of the ILCD+EPD data format for EPD, the provision of interfaces, the development of workflow structures, guidelines and rules, which are openly published, internationally allow to access data from several databases. All these aspects are subject of the InData activities, and are decisive for a harmonization of LCA for sustainable building. With this concept of digitalization the propagation of the use of environmental product declarations (EPD) in building LCA was enhanced, and also new applications for using EPD data are offered, e.g. in BIM or other context.
Information management throughout the life cycle of buildings – Basics and new approaches such as blockchain
Authors: Ganter M , Lützkendorf T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ensuring sustainability for real estate is subject - among other aspects - to building related information. This information needs to be stored and updated continuously throughout the life cycle of a building. A delivery to buyers, tenants, consultants or other actors must be possible at any time. However, in most cases transactions cause significant loss of information while the issues associated with the “building passport” approach remains unsolved to date. Considering the long service life of buildings, various questions arise: (1) How to support data generation and storage within the life cycle and how to encourage actors to compete? (2) How to assure a high data quality and how to store it over a long period of time? (3) How to assure that all data users can track down the data owners at any point of time to manage compliance and legal issues? (4) Are there any new business models or new scopes for designers or other service providers? Information needs of actors along the life cycle are analysed and new information technologies (e.g. blockchain) are discussed. A relation to Building Information Modeling (BIM) is shown. Potentials of enhancing existing approaches regarding documentation retracing and accessibility of building and life cycle related information by using new technologies and IT are discussed; benefits of using a blockchain based system is pointed out by referring to existing pilot projects and first examples. Solution approaches for building passports are shown.
Hook-and-Loop fastener – application for the technical building equipment
Authors: Oswald F , Riewe R , Raudaschl M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Hook-and-Loop fastener (better known for its commercial name Velcro®) is omnipresent in many fields today. Astonishingly it is far from utilizing its full potential in the construction industry although its properties could have a variety of positive effects on the industry.
Contents and Objectives
Commonly the building installation lines (such as electricity, water or ventilation, to name just a few) are walled-in, screwed, or glued at the construction site. Would these instead be assembled and mounted using the hook-and-loop similar fasteners, the following effects with corresponding consequences could arise:
- Simplified assembly processes: They would decisively accelerate the construction phase of a building and would additionally be less prone to performance-related quality deficiencies.
- Flexible mountings and adaptability: They would enable the building to react to short-notice planning changes as well as to adapt to a new spatial program more efficiently.
- Damage-free connections - both for the base-surface and for the component to be fastened to it - would enable a pure separation of different materials and thus easy re-use. The possibility of easy re-use of specific components could prolong the component’s in-use phase of the lifecycle, which would contribute to sustainable usage of resources.
The aim of this exploratory project was thus to develop concepts for the production of surfaces with hook-and-loop-compatible surfaces in buildings, which could serve as a base-surface for simplified mounting of building`s installation lines.
The Three Sisters, klimaaktiv object of the month 12/2018
Authors: Kranzl M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the lakeside city of Aspern in the 22nd district of Vienna, the homebuilding association for private employees has established the residential complex “The Three Sisters” on the construction site D22, a plot of land measuring 5, 200m2. When planning the building envelope of the three buildings which range from four to six floors, the responsible persons consciously decided to use the Wienerberger “Porotherm 50 W.i. Plan” brick. Thus, the first multi-storey residential building project has been constructed using the latest brick generation. The use of a mineral and monocoque construction method makes a significant contribution to eliminating the need for petroleum-based full heat insulation. Therefore, the building complex can throughout be categorized as a low-energy building. Further notable advantages of the applied construction method and building design include the use of an exterior wall system without additional insulation (upgraded insulation on the outside) to obtain a U-value of 0.12 W/m2K which corresponds the passive house standards. The high demands of the construction design in terms of ecological, economical and socio-cultural quality of the three building components are reflected in the ecological selection of construction materials, the persistence of the building complex and the stability of value, as well as apartment sizes, assisted living, smart-start-apartments, integrated green space concepts, roof terraces, urban gardening, etc. The TQB certification with 769 out of 1000 points has been obtained and the project has been awarded with klimaaktiv GOLD to prove the quality of the project and ensure quality assurance and management.
Passive houses for active students – Providing knowledge about eco-efficient buildings
Authors: Jedliczka G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The OeAD-Housing Office is a non-profit organisation in the area of international cooperation in education, science and research in Austria. We cooperate with our parent company OeAD-GmbH as well as various Austrian student residences and partner universities worldwide. The main responsibility is accommodating international and national students in Austria’s university towns. Our success story started with the construction of the first halls of residence built according to the passive house standards world-wide in Vienna in 2005. Since its completion, the OeAD-Guesthouse Molkereistraße has accommodated 280 international students and guest professors per semester. We are successful in managing a total of 8 student guesthouses in the passive house design constructed in Vienna, Graz and Leoben.
This paper describes the benefits of passive houses and raising awareness for eco-efficient buildings. We focus on two OeAD-Guesthouses in Austria and highlight their design, architecture and what it is like to live in both of them. Upon request we are also able to propose the OeAD-Guesthouse PopUp dorms. As we want to share our knowledge with the rest of the world we initiated 2 summer universities which pay attention to ecological buildings and the financial and economic system. We also draw attention to several awards we have won during the past years.