bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Gene Expression Supports a Resource‐Intensive, Defensive Role for Colony Production in the Bloom‐Forming Haptophyte, Phaeocystis globosa
Authors: Mars Brisbin Margaret , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhaeocystis globosa forms dense, monospecific blooms in temperate, northern waters. Blooms are usually dominated by the colonial morphotype—nonflagellated cells embedded in a secreted mucilaginous mass. Colonial Phaeocystis blooms significantly affect food‐web structure and function and negatively impact fisheries and aquaculture, but factors regulating colony formation remain enigmatic. Destructive P. globosa blooms have been reported in tropical and subtropical regions more recently and warm‐water blooms could become more common with continued climate change and coastal eutrophication. We therefore assessed genetic pathways associated with colony formation by investigating differential gene expression between colonial and solitary cells of a warm‐water P. globosa strain. Our results illustrate a transcriptional shift in colonial cells with most of the differentially expressed genes downregulated, supporting a reallocation of resources associated with forming and maintaining colonies. Dimethylsulfide and acrylate production and pathogen interaction pathways were upregulated in colonial cells, suggesting a defensive role for producing colonies. We identify several protein kinase signaling pathways that may influence the transition between morphotypes, providing targets for future research into factors affecting colony formation. This study provides novel insights into genetic mechanisms involved in Phaeocystis colony formation and provides new evidence supporting a defensive role for Phaeocystis colonies.
A novel numerical approach for modeling the coagulation phenomenon in egg white
Authors: Pero Milad , Kiani Hossein , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoagulation is one of the most important phenomena in thermal processing of egg. In this study, along with experimental investigations, a coupled numerical model based on finite volume method was developed to simulate heat transfer, coagulation, and fluid flow during the heating process of liquid egg white. Egg white, filled in a copper cubic container, was heated in a water bath, and the temperature history and coagulated phase front were recorded during the process. The experiments and simulations were repeated for water and coagulated egg as model systems with no phase change and/or convective flow and the results were compared to that of fresh eggs. Results showed that the modeling procedure was successful in predicting the temperature profile and coagulated phase front in liquid egg white during conventional thermal processing and can be employed as a tool in optimization of the process in the industry.Practical applicationsBy application of the proposed approach, egg processing industries can optimize the thermal process of intact egg. The goal of thermal processing of intact egg is achieving the maximum reduction in microbial load either on the surface or inside the egg. Therefore, by simulating the target process and incorporating the coagulation phenomenon into the process modeling, process conditions can be optimized in a way that maximum reduction in microbial load be achieved while preventing the coagulation in the egg.
Enzyme inactivation and evaluation of physicochemical properties, sugar and phenolic profile changes in cloudy apple juices after high pressure processing, and subsequent refrigerated storage
Authors: Marszałek Krystian , Szczepańska Justyna , Starzonek Szymon , Woźniak Łukasz , Trych Urszula , Skąpska Sylwia , Rzoska Sylwester , Saraiva Jorge A. , Lorenzo Jose M. , Barba Francisco J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe effect of high pressure processing (HPP) (200–600 MPa/5–45°C/1–15 min) on the enzyme activity and some quality parameters of cloudy apple juice during subsequent storage (4°C for 12 weeks) was investigated. Statistical analysis showed that pressure, temperature, and time had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on tissue enzyme activity, decreasing the activity of polyphenol oxidases (PPO) and peroxidases (POD). No significant changes in physicochemical parameters (pH, total soluble solids, sugars, and vitamin C) were observed after HPP treatments. The main polyphenols detected in apple juice were dichydrochalcones, being phloridzin the predominant (48.8 mg/L), and flavanols, with the highest concentration of (−) epicatechin (20.6 mg/L) followed by (+) catechin (6.4 mg/L) and procyanidin B1 (1.9 mg/L). Moreover, the application of HPP treatment significantly decreased gallic acid, all flavanols and dichydrochalcones. The storage time significantly affected total polyphenol content (TPC) and selected phenolic compounds, but the most stable were TPC.Practical applicationsThis study demonstrated that nutritional quality of cloudy not produced from concentrate apple juice after high pressure processing (HPP) and during subsequent cold storage. HPP significantly influenced on tissue oxidoreductive enzymes decreasing their residual activity below 1 and 33%, respectively, for polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. The results showed that HPP might be a useful method for preservation apple products, resulting higher color stability due to the inhibition of enzymatic reactions during storage time.
Characteristics of acute hepatitis A virus infection before and after 2001: A hospital‐based study in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Kogiso Tomomi , Sagawa Takaomi , Oda Mayuko , Yoshiko Somura , Kodama Kazuhisa , Taniai Makiko , Tokushige Katsutoshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe incidence of acute hepatitis A [AH (A)] is decreasing because of improvements in hygiene; however, cases of sporadic severe hepatitis are still being reported. We assessed the epidemiology of AH (A) in Japan.MethodsThis was a hospital‐based retrospective study, in which 126 AH (A) patients (96 men [76%], median age 39 [range, 19–66] years) were enrolled. Patients diagnosed with AH (A) before 2001 (n = 79) and after 2001 (n = 47) were compared.ResultsThe incidence of AH (A) showed peaks in 1990, 1999, and 2018. After 2001, one patient had hepatitis B virus, four had human immunodeficiency virus, and three had syphilis coinfections. Before and after 2001, HAV was transmitted, respectively, by raw oysters (28% and 26%), overseas travel (19% and 28%), and sexual contact (0% and 19%) (P < 0.01). The frequencies of symptoms were appetite loss (51% and 32%), fever (63% and 81%), and diarrhea (3% and 13%) (all P < 0.05), respectively. On admission, the median levels of alanine aminotransferase (1455 and 3069 U/L) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (221 and 345 U/L) were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the prothrombin time (77.5% and 65.9%) and platelet count (22.7 and 16.4 × 10/μL) were significantly lower after 2001 (P < 0.05). A time to normalization of the bilirubin level ≥ 30 days was associated with older age and a diagnosis of AH (A) after 2001.ConclusionsOutbreaks and severe AH (A) cases due to sexual transmission have been reported recently. It is necessary to examine their sexual behavior and other sexual infection.
Sinus venosus incorporation: contentious issues and operational criteria for developmental and evolutionary studies
Authors: Faber Jaeike W. , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Moorman Antoon F. M. , Christoffels Vincent M. , Jensen Bjarke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe sinus venosus is a cardiac chamber upstream of the right atrium that harbours the dominant cardiac pacemaker. During human heart development, the sinus venosus becomes incorporated into the right atrium. However, from the literature it is not possible to deduce the characteristics and importance of this process of incorporation, due to inconsistent terminology and definitions in the description of multiple lines of evidence. We reviewed the literature regarding the incorporation of the sinus venosus and included novel electrophysiological data. Most mammals that have an incorporated sinus venosus show a loss of a functional valve guard of the superior caval vein together with a loss of the electrical sinuatrial delay between the sinus venosus and the right atrium. However, these processes are not necessarily intertwined and in a few species only the sinuatrial delay may be lost. Sinus venosus incorporation can be characterised as the loss of the sinuatrial delay of which the anatomical and molecular underpinnings are not yet understood.
A KRT16 mutation in the first Chinese pedigree with Pachyonychia congenita and review of the literatures
Authors: Xu Qiaohu , Zhang Qun , Tang Lili , Jin Ling , Wang Xiaomeng , Kan Lixin , Zheng Xiaodong , Yang Sen 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundPachyonychia congenita (PC), a rare autosomal dominant disorder, is featured by significant hypertrophic nail, palmoplantar keratoderma, and plantar pain. It is caused by the mutation of KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, or KRT17.AimsTo identify the gene mutation caused the PC in a Chinese family.Patients/MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of five patients and six healthy individuals. Genomic DNA of three patients was sequenced by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Then, exons 6 of KRT16 of all samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PCR products were sequenced to identify potential mutations.ResultsWe identified the proline substitution mutation p.Leu421Pro (c.1262T>C) in the 2B domain of K16 that is associated with PC in a Chinese family. The same mutation was not found in the six healthy individuals of the family.ConclusionsThe mutation found in this study is the first report in China. So far, 25 mutations in KRT16 have been reportedly associated with PC. Twenty‐one mutations are located on exon 1, and four mutations on exon 6.
A 10% Lactobionic acid‐containing moisturizer reduces skin surface pH without irritation—An in vivo/in vitro study
Authors: Tasić‐Kostov Marija , Lukić Milica , Savić Snežana 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesStratum corneum acidification is a newer strategy in management of inflammatory dermatoses; acidifying emollients are normally used for that purpose. However, a decrease in pH of the skin is commonly connected to an increase in irritation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lactobionic acid (LA), cosmeceutical active and "superacid" belonging to the class of alpha‐hydroxy acids (AHAs), could decrease pH of skin surface without irritation.MethodsSafety profile of emulsion based on alkyl polyglucosides (APGs) sugar emulsifiers with 10% LA was evaluated in vitro (acute skin irritation test using cytotoxicity assay), and in vivo in safety study employing measurements of the relevant biophysical human skin parameters upon cessation of 24 hours occlusive treatment: transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and skin erythema index (EI). The effect on the pH of human skin surface was investigated by pH measurements prior and 1 hour after application of the emulsion with 10% LA.ResultsThe pH of the skin was significantly reduced after application of LA‐containing emulsion. The results for in vitro skin irritation potential assessment were in line with the in vivo safety study, indicating a satisfactory safety profile of both APG‐based emulsion vehicle per se and emulsion with 10% LA.ConclusionLactobionic acid (10%) in emulsion based on APGs reduces skin surface pH without irritation and skin barrier impairment; it could be proposed as an alternative to low‐molecular AHAs in acidifying emollients.
Cell‐free tumour DNA testing for early detection of cancer – a potential future tool
Authors: Barbany G. , Arthur C. , Liedén A. , Nordenskjöld M. , Rosenquist R. , Tesi B. , Wallander K. , Tham E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, detection of cell‐free tumour DNA (ctDNA) or liquid biopsy has emerged as an attractive noninvasive methodology to detect cancer‐specific genetic aberrations in plasma, and numerous studies have reported on the feasibility of ctDNA in advanced cancer. In particular, ctDNA assays can capture a more ‘global’ portrait of tumour heterogeneity, monitor therapy response, and lead to early detection of resistance mutations. More recently, ctDNA analysis has also been proposed as a promising future tool for detection of early cancer and/or cancer screening. As the average proportion of mutated DNA in plasma is very low (0.4% even in advanced cancer), exceedingly sensitive techniques need to be developed. In addition, as tumours are genetically heterogeneous, any screening test needs to assay multiple genetic targets in order to increase the chances of detection. Further research on the genetic progression from normal to cancer cells and their release of ctDNA is imperative in order to avoid overtreating benign/indolent lesions, causing more harm than good by early diagnosis. More knowledge on the sources and elimination of cell‐free DNA will enable better interpretation in older individuals and those with comorbidities. In addition, as white blood cells are the major source of cell‐free DNA in plasma, it is important to distinguish acquired mutations in leukocytes (benign clonal haematopoiesis) from an upcoming haematological malignancy or other cancer. In conclusion, although many studies report encouraging results, further technical development and larger studies are warranted before applying ctDNA analysis for early cancer detection in the clinic.
Melatonin promotes secondary hair follicle development of early postnatal cashmere goat and improves cashmere quantity and quality by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing apoptosis
Authors: Yang Chun‐He , Xu Jian‐Hai , Ren Qing‐Chang , Duan Tao , Mo Fang , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDevelopment of secondary hair follicles in early postnatal cashmere goats may be adversely affected by reactive oxygen species which cause oxidative stress. Because melatonin is a potent antioxidant and scavenger of free radicals, this study explored the effects of melatonin on secondary hair follicle development and subsequent cashmere production. It was found that the initiation of new secondary follicles in early postnatal Inner Mongolian cashmere goats of both melatonin‐treated and control goats occurred in the first 10 weeks of age. Melatonin promoted the initiation and maturation of secondary follicles and increased their population. Importantly, the beneficial effect of melatonin on secondary follicle population remained throughout life. As a result, melatonin increased cashmere production and improved its quality in terms of reduced fiber diameter. The mechanisms underlying the role of melatonin on secondary follicle development included the enhancement of activities of antioxidant enzymes, for example, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), elevated total antioxidant capacity, and upregulated anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 expression and downregulated expression of the pro‐apoptotic proteins, Bax and caspase‐3. These results reveal that melatonin serves to promote secondary hair follicle development in early postnatal cashmere goats and expands our understanding of melatonin application in cashmere production. Melatonin treatment led to an increase in both the quantity and quality of cashmere fiber. This increased the textile value of the fibers and provided economic benefit.
The Effects of Repetition on Incidental Vocabulary Learning: A Meta‐Analysis of Correlational Studies
Authors: Uchihara Takumi , Webb Stuart , Yanagisawa Akifumi 
Published: March 2019

This meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the complex relationship between repetition and second language (L2) incidental vocabulary learning by meta‐analyzing primary studies reporting correlation coefficients between the number of encounters and vocabulary learning. We synthesized and quantitatively analyzed 45 effect sizes from 26 studies (N = 1,918) to calculate the mean effect size of the frequency–learning relationship and to explore the extent to which 10 empirically motivated variables moderate this relationship. Results showed that there was a medium effect (r = .34) of repetition on incidental vocabulary learning. Subsequent moderator analyses revealed that variability in the size of repetition effects across studies was explained by learner variables (age, vocabulary knowledge), treatment variables (spaced learning, visual support, engagement, range in number of encounters), and methodological differences (nonword use, forewarning of an upcoming comprehension test, vocabulary test format). Based on the findings, we suggest future directions for L2 incidental vocabulary learning research.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Data badge. All data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/rmnk2. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Neoclassical theories of stationary relative prices and the supply of capital
Authors: Fratini Saverio M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the traditional versions of the neoclassical theory of value and distribution, the stock of existing capital, understood as either an amount of value or an endowment of capital goods, was taken as given together with the available quantities of labour and natural resources. This characteristic of the early neoclassical theories is analysed through comparison with the modern neo‐Walrasian models of stationary equilibrium, where the stock of capital is not among the givens. It is shown here that the attempt to present capital as a factor of production on a par with labour and land led the early neoclassical authors to write the zero‐net‐accumulation condition, which was required by the stationarity of relative prices, in the form of a market‐clearing condition for the supply of and demand for capital. The rate of interest was therefore understood as the price determined by this market. As is known, however, the view of capital as a factor of production and the rate of interest as the price for its use failed to work and involved several problems, some of which are discussed here.
Wireless charging utility maximization and intersection control delay minimization framework for electric vehicles
Authors: Khan Zadid , Khan Sakib Mahmud , Chowdhury Mashrur , Safro Ilya , Ushijima‐Mwesigwa Hayato 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presents the Wireless Charging Utility Maximization (WCUM) framework, which aims to maximize the utility of Wireless Charging Units (WCUs) for electric vehicle (EV) charging through the optimal WCU deployment at signalized intersections. Furthermore, the framework aims to minimize the control delay at all signalized intersections of the network. The framework consists of a two‐step optimization formulation, a dynamic traffic assignment model to calculate the user equilibrium, a traffic microsimulator to formulate the objective functions, and a global Mixed Integer Non‐Linear Programming (MINLP) optimization solver. An optimization problem is formulated for each intersection, and another for the entire network. The performance of the WCUM framework is tested using the Sioux Falls network. We perform a comparative study of 12 global MINLP solvers with a case study. Based on solution quality and computation time, we choose the Couenne solver for this framework.
Natural variation for unusual host responses and flagellin‐mediated immunity against Pseudomonas syringae in genetically diverse tomato accessions
Authors: Roberts Robyn , Mainiero Samantha , Powell Adrian F. , Liu Alexander E. , Shi Kai , Hind Sarah R. , Strickler Susan R. , Collmer Alan , Martin Gregory B. 
Published: March 2019

Summary

The interaction between tomato and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) is a well‐developed model for investigating the molecular basis of the plant immune system. There is extensive natural variation in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) but it has not been fully leveraged to enhance our understanding of the tomato–Pst pathosystem. We screened 216 genetically diverse accessions of cultivated tomato and a wild tomato species for natural variation in their response to three strains of Pst.

The host response to Pst was investigated using multiple Pst strains, tomato accessions with available genome sequences, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, reporter genes and bacterial population measurements.

The screen uncovered a broad range of previously unseen host symptoms in response to Pst, and one of these, stem galls, was found to be simply inherited. The screen also identified tomato accessions that showed enhanced responses to flagellin in bacterial population assays and in ROS assays upon exposure to flagellin‐derived peptides, flg22 and flgII‐28. Reporter genes confirmed that the host responses were due primarily to pattern recognition receptor‐triggered immunity.

This study revealed extensive natural variation in tomato for susceptibility and resistance to Pst and will enable elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying these host responses.
Fear of falling among Brazilian and Portuguese older adults
Authors: Vitorino Luciano M. , Marques‐Vieira Cristina , Low Gail , Sousa Luís , Cruz Jonas P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFalling is the leading cause of physical disability, mortality and social exclusion in older adults. In Brazil and Portugal, falls cause thousands of hospitalisations every year. Fear of falling (FOF) causes loss of confidence in accomplishing daily tasks, restriction in social activities and increased dependence.AimTo compare the prevalence of FOF between Brazilian and Portuguese community‐dwelling older adults and the factors associated with FOF.MethodsA secondary analysis of cross‐sectional survey data collected from older adults residing in Brazil (n = 170; M age=70.44 years) and Portugal (n = 170; M age=73.56 years).ResultsThe prevalence of FOF was significantly higher (p = 0.015) among Portuguese (n = 133, 54.1%) versus Brazilian (n = 113, 45.9%) older adults. FOF among Brazilian older adults was associated with being 76 + years of age and female. Among Portuguese older adults, factors associated with FOF were intake of daily medications, having fallen within the past year, and visual difficulties.ConclusionsFear of falling is linked with modifiable and non‐modifiable factors. Timely assessments of FOF and factors associated with FOF are essential.Implications for practicePrimary care nurses should assess and address FOF in older people with interdisciplinary practitioners.