bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the application of cage-type retaining wall in flood control
Authors: Jie Liu , Chen Yanyu , Yan Yongsheng , Geng Yehan , Zhan Wang , Li Kaixuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sub-embankment and geo-bag embankment had been adopted to increase the retaining height in flood control. However, these methods have taken up a lot of manpower and material resources, because of shortage of time, poor soil supplement and inconvenient construction procedures, which limited the scope of application. Cage type retaining wall has the advantages of quick and convenient installation, strong mobility, low cost and easy disassembly during the flood season. The stability of cage type retaining wall is the core issue in engineering application. In this paper, the stability of retaining wall is calculated with various lengths of geomembrane which is laid in the upstream. The results show that stability safety factors of the structure are1.28, 1.58, 1.74 and 1.9 when the lengths of geomembrane are 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 respectively, which could meet the engineering requirements. Besides, application notices are also discussed in this paper.
Comparative Research on Anti-Seismic Test for FPB and Ordinary Spherical bearing
Authors: Junyong XIA , Ma Baihu , Bin Du , Xu Xiangdong , Guangzhong Yu , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a two-span-32m-simply supported girder bridge is studied. The Anti-seismic experiments are conducted for two groups of two-span bridges of low pier and middle pier based on a bridge model, 1/7 large of the real bridge established by principle of similitude. The impacts of three different seismic oscillations on the seismic response(displacement of bearings, internal force of piers and etc.) of simply supported beams of ordinary spherical bearings and FPBs under 7,8 and 9 intensities are discussed. The damage under different seismic oscillations are made clear and the study shows that FPBs boast of good Anti-seismic performance under near seismic oscillations of different levels and are more suitable for low pier structures.
Seismic Response Analysis of Oblique Incident Angle of SV Wave on Immersed Tunnel
Authors: He Cong , Gong Junpeng , Xu Guoyuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
On the basis of viscous-elastic artificial boundary, the ground motion input is transformed into the equivalent node load to achieve the oblique incidence of seismic waves. The two-dimensional finite element model of Nanchang Honggu immersed tunnel section is established by using finite element software. The influence of different incident angles on the dynamic response of the immersed tunnel is analyzed under the oblique incident of the SV wave. The results show that the seismic response law of the immersed tunnel is significantly different from that of the vertical incident when the SV wave is obliquely incident. The structural stress of the immersed tunnel is larger at the corner of the immersed tunnel and the junction of the intermediate partition with the floor and the roof. As the incident angle increases, the vertical response of the immersed tunnel structure increases significantly. Therefore, when seismic design analysis of the immersed tunnel is carried out, the influence of the oblique incidence of the ground motion on the dynamic response of the immersed tunnel should be considered.
Seismic perfomance of a new type prefabricated concrete frame joint
Authors: Gu Wei , Chang Zhongquan , Li Zhongpei , Zhang Yannian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In view of the problems existing in the beam-column joint of prefabricated concrete frame structure, a new hook-type joint is proposed in this paper. The quasi-static tests were repeatedly performed on full-scale models, using combined joints with different concrete strength and steel bar types. The failure pattern, carrying capacity, hysteresis loop and energy dissipation ability of the new hook-type joints were analyzed. The results show that the failure process of hook-type joint has five stages; they are initial crack, thorough crack, beam yield, limit, and failure. The hook-type joints have good working performance, good recovery characteristics and strong strength and stiffness, but the energy dissipation ability is weak.
Analysis of performance-based seismic design method for super high-rise frame-supported shear wall structure
Authors: Ling Yuhong , Li Anqi , Liu Rui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the advanced performance-based seismic theory is introduced, and combining with the seismic codes and high-rise building codes, a performance-based seismic design approach is established for high-rise frame-supported shear wall structure. Firstly, the performance objective is determined, and then calculation under frequent earthquakes, fortification earthquake and rare earthquake is carried out, finally, the performance analysis is carried out to see whether it achieves the predetermined performance objective. Then taking a high-rise frame-supported shear wall structure as an example, based on the performance-based seismic design method, YJK and ETABS software were used to carry out the performance-based seismic design under the action of frequent earthquakes and fortification earthquakes. Next, Perform3D software was used to analyze dynamic elastic-plastic time-history analysis under the action of rare earthquakes. In addition, the analysis of transfer component performance were conducted for quantitative control of the bearing capacity and deformation of reinforced concrete structures and structural members. The calculation results show that relevant parameters can meet code requirements and the seismic performance of the whole structure and components can reach the expected performance objectives. Finally, we present a summary of the proposed seismic strengthening measures and make suggestions for the whole structures, by which the structure can meet the seismic fortification code requirements and be safe and reliable.
Experimental Study on Compression Behavior of Solidified Silt in Corrosive Site
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Xu Kai , Cai Zhengyin , Geng Zhizhou , Huang Yinghao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of cement is a common technique to improve the bearing capacity of muddy coast foundation, and the determination of compression parameter of cemented soft clay is of great importance in the design process of solidification engineering. One-dimensional consolidometer was used to measure the vertical compression of cemented clay at different cement content and curing time. Test results indicate that cemented clay formed under seawater condition is a kind of strongly-structured soil with a relatively low compressibility. Yield stress increases with cement content and curing time, while compressibility decreases with the increase of cement content and curing time. The compress deformation is rather small with less vertical load, but significant compress deformation occurs when vertical load is greater than yield stress. Statistical data show that the yield stress can be used to represent the effect of cement content and curing time on compressibility of cemented clay. And a power function relationship exists between compressibility and the yield stress within the range considered in this study.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Stray Currents on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Cementitious Systems and Rebar Corrosion
Authors: Zhou Jun-hong , Zhan Wen , Li liang , Xu Qing , Yu Yi-ming 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to study the effect of stray current on the compressive strengths of concrete and rebar corrosion under different cementitious systems, a set of test device is designed to simulate the migration of stray current in the concrete. The compressive strength of the concrete is tested in the 4th week and 7th week after electrification to evaluate the compressive strength ratio of the concrete with different cementitious materials under the influence of stray current. The polarization curve of the rebar is measured to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the rebar. The result shows that: The influence laws of stray currents on the strength of concrete with different cementitious materials and rebar corrosion are consistent. The reduction extent of the compressive strength of concrete and corrosion extent of rabars follows the sequence: pure cement > fly ash+mineral powder+fiber>fly ash ≥ fly ash+mineral powder+swelling agent≥fly ash+mineral powder.With the increase of current time, The longer the current time is, the more significant the reduction of compressive strength is, and the more serious the rebar corrosion is.
Research on reinforcement at the RCC dam toe of a hydropower station
Authors: Yuelin Sun , Yan Zhao , Minghao Qin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The dam of a hydropower station is a RCC arch dam. Based on relevant tests and monitoring data, the compression strength of the dam concrete and the temperature of grouting of the transverse joints in some areas do not meet the design standard. To solve those quality problems, this paper evaluated the stress and deformation of the present dam and checked the safety of the dam. In addition, by analyzing the reinforcement body of the dam, the paper assessed the safety of the reinforced dam. According to the calculating results by FEM, the maximum equivalent tensile stress exceeds the allowable tensile stress and the exceeding area mainly locates on the dam heel of upstream face, which extends about 5.20 meters upward from the foundation. The effect of the reinforcement at the dam toe is obvious and the tensile stress after reinforcement meets the standard under the condition that the shear strength between the reinforcement and the dam body is not reduced or is reduced by less than 30%.
Experimental Study on the Influence Factors of Durability of Composite Geomembrane
Authors: Zhizhou Geng , Chengfeng Zheng , Kai Xu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The durability of composite geomembrane materials may decrease under the long-term influence of natural environment such as light and temperature. In order to study the influence of different factors on the durability of composite geomembrane, the durability of composite geomembrane with different aging time was tested by artificial accelerated aging test. The experimental results show that the longitudinal tensile strength of composite geomembrane material decreases slightly with the increase of time. Additionally, the longitudinal elongation of composite geomembrane materials is proved to be located in a reasonable range, and there is no obvious upward or downward trend. The permeability coefficient of composite geomembrane material varies with the aging time, however, the test result remains in the same order of magnitude. The longitudinal tensile strength of composite geomembrane in dry state is larger than that in immersed state. The strength of the welded joint of geomembrane is larger than that of the bonded joint. The yield strength and breaking strength of geomembrane materials increase slightly with time, and there exists no significant changes in terms of the yield elongation and breaking elongation.
Analysis of deformation and failure characteristics of undisturbed loess under three axis test
Authors: Lei Guangyu , Xie Xiao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The water content has a very obvious influence on the deformation and strength characteristics of loess, which is related to the safety of geological environment. In this paper, the triaxial test of loess is carried out, and the deformation characteristics of the loess are studied. The strength characteristics of different loci are studied. The study shows that as the water content increases, the effective cohesion of loess decreases and the effective internal friction angle changes. The amplitude is not large, indicating that the water content only affects the effective cohesion of the loess and does not affect the effective internal friction angle. When the water content reaches a certain value, the effective cohesion is no longer reduced and remains stable. The corresponding moisture content corresponds to the plastic limit. The Mohr-Coulomb strength theory is suitable for fitting shear failure and bulging deformation. While Griffith The strength theory is more suitable for fitting the splitting failure, indicating that the strength theory suitable for different failure modes is different.
Relaxation Therapy for Hypertension: Design Effects and Treatment Effects2
Authors: Jacob Rolf G. , Chesney Margaret A. , Williams David M. , Ding Yijun , Shapiro Alvin P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The outcome literature on relaxation therapy for hypertension is surveyed and compared with the results of a recent meta-analysis, the Hypertension Intervention Pooling Project (HIPP). The results in the literature appear more favorable than those obtained in the HIPP. It seems that different impressions regarding the efficacy of relaxation therapy are reached depending on whether all studies or only methodologically sophisticated studies are examined. Besides pre-treatment pressure, the effect of baseline entry characteristics of a study were found to affect outcome: the largest declines in systolic pressure were reported in studies that included only one baseline session and used patients who were new to the outcome measurement setting. Comparing the changes of blood pressure in response to different treatment modalities yielded few differences once the effects of pre-treatment pressure and baseline entry characteristics had been considered; nevertheless, further research might be indicated to assess the effect of stress- or anxiety-management and EMG-biofeedback-assisted relaxation, using appropriate designs. The possibility of patient characteristics predisposing to successful treatment outcome was considered, but no clear findings are available at this time. A final concern is a possible lack of generalization of the relaxation effect outside of the blood pressure measurement situation; the declines in blood pressure observed with relaxation therapy may be transient and specific for the measurement situation.
Distribution of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in care home residents
Authors: Barker Robert Oliver , Stocker Rachel , Russell Siân , Roberts Anthony , Kingston Andrew , Adamson Joy , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) is a tool based on vital signs that aims to standardise detection of, and response to, clinical deterioration in adults. NEWS has been adopted in hospitals but not adapted for other settings. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of measuring the NEWS in care homes and describe the distribution of NEWS readings amongst care home residents.

Methods
descriptive analysis of all NEWS readings recorded in a 30-month period (2016–19) across 46 care homes in one Clinical Commissioning Group in England. Comparisons were made between measurements taken as a routine reading and those prompted by concern about acute illness.

Results
a total of 19,604 NEWS were recorded from 2,424 older adults (≥65 years; mean age 85). Median NEWS was 2. Two thirds (66%) of residents had a low NEWS (≤2), and 28% had a score of 0. Of the total NEWS readings, 6,277 (32%) were known to be routine readings and 2,256 (12%) were measured because of staff concerns. Median NEWS was 1 for routine and 2 for concern recordings. Overall, only 12% of NEWS were high (≥5), but a higher proportion were elevated when there were concerns about acute illness (18%), compared with routine recordings (7%).

Conclusions
use of NEWS in care homes appears to be feasible. The majority of NEWS were not elevated, and the distribution of scores is consistent with other out-of-hospital settings. Further work is required to know if NEWS is triggering the most appropriate response and improving care home resident outcomes.
Commentary: Economics and American Literary Studies in the New Gilded Age
Authors: Eby Clare 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe marginalization of the humanities, while depressing, has at least provoked literary scholars into rethinking what they do and foregrounding the relevance of their research. The spike of interest in the economic humanities illustrates one path for making literary study more legible. To that end, several trends emerge in recent economic-themed literary scholarship. One trend of establishing the salience of humanistic scholarship proceeds by locating the origins of present concerns, such as the corporate takeover of democracy, in the past. While that approach is exciting and engaging, care must be taken not to flatten out differences between historical periods. A second salutary trend of making the humanities more intelligible develops interventionist and activist modes of scholarship—for instance, in the interest of making the economy more equitable, and by suggesting alternatives to current impasses. Through such approaches, the economic humanities can help demystify the epistemology of capitalism, the mental barrier determining what is and is not thinkable.
CSF sTREM2 and Tau Work Together in Predicting Increased Temporal Lobe Atrophy in Older Adults
Authors: Halaas Nathalie Bodd , Henjum Kristi , Blennow Kaj , Dakhil Shams , Idland Ane-Victoria , Nilsson Lars NG , Sederevicius Donatas , Vidal-Piñeiro Didac , Walhovd Kristine B , Wyller Torgeir Brunn , Zetterberg Henrik , Watne Leiv Otto , Fjell Anders M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Neuroinflammation may be a key factor in brain atrophy in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disease. The objective of this study was to test the association between microglial expression of soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (sTREM2), as a measure of neuroinflammation, and brain atrophy in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Brain magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sTREM2, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated181 tau (p-tau), and Aβ42 were analyzed in 115 cognitively unimpaired older adults, classified according to the A/T/(N)-framework. MRIs were repeated after 2 (n = 95) and 4 (n = 62) years. High baseline sTREM2 was associated with accelerated cortical thinning in the temporal cortex of the left hemisphere, as well as bilateral hippocampal atrophy, independently of age, Aβ42, and tau. sTREM2-related atrophy only marginally increased with biomarker positivity across the AD continuum (A−T− #x2292; A+T− #x2292; A+T+) but was significantly stronger in participants with a high level of p-tau (T+). sTREM2-related cortical thinning correlated significantly with areas of high microglial-specific gene expression in the Allen Human Brain Atlas. In conclusion, increased CSF sTREM2 was associated with accelerated cortical and hippocampal atrophy in cognitively unimpaired older participants, particularly in individuals with tau pathology. This suggests a link between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and amyloid-independent tauopathy.
Antimicrobial Resistance Following Azithromycin Mass Drug Administration: Potential Surveillance Strategies to Assess Public Health Impact
Authors: Mack Ines , Sharland Mike , Berkley James A , Klein Nigel , Malhotra-Kumar Surbhi , Bielicki Julia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe reduction in childhood mortality noted in trials investigating azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma control has been confirmed by a recent large randomized controlled trial. Population-level implementation of azithromycin MDA may lead to selection of multiresistant pathogens. Evidence suggests that repeated azithromycin MDA may result in a sustained increase in macrolide and other antibiotic resistance in gut and respiratory bacteria. Current evidence comes from standard microbiological techniques in studies focused on a time-limited intervention, while MDA implemented for mortality benefits would likely repeatedly expose the population over a prolonged period and may require a different surveillance approach. Targeted short-term and long-term surveillance of resistance emergence to key antibiotics, especially those from the World Health Organization Access group, is needed throughout any implementation of azithromycin MDA, focusing on a genotypic approach to overcome the limitations of resistance surveillance in indicator bacteria.
Navigating Institutions: Parents’ Knowledge of the Educational System and Students’ Success in Education
Authors: Forster Andrea G , van de Werfhorst Herman G 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigates whether families navigate educational institutions more successfully if they have a higher knowledge of the pathways in the educational system that are available to their children. We also study whether this kind of knowledge mediates secondary effects of social origin, i.e. differences in educational pathways once achievement differences between children are accounted for. The role of parents’ knowledge is consistent with various sociological theories concerning educational inequality. Knowledge can affect families’ ability to make rational choices for education but it can also be understood as a form of cultural capital. We use longitudinal student cohort data from the Netherlands combined with individual-level register data on educational attainment to study the importance of knowledge for short-term outcomes (up- and downward transitions in secondary education as well as track placement) and final educational attainment. Our results show that parents’ knowledge is a significant predictor of educational success net of parents’ education, socio-demographic characteristics, and demonstrated ability. If we apply a stricter test to the measure, however, we can see that knowledge matters for downward transitions and obtaining a tertiary degree but that the effect is negligible for upward transitions and track placement if other mechanisms such as cultural capital and aspirations are considered. Further, we conclude that knowledge matters especially for transitions in the educational system that require a move to a new and unknown school environment such as post-secondary or tertiary education. The study shows that knowledge is one useful avenue to investigate when we are confronted with the question why social disparities in educational decision-making arise.
A community approach to engaging Gypsy and Travellers’ in cancer services
Authors: Smith David , Newton Paul , Berlin Jenni , Barrett Shirley 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While cancer outcomes in the UK have improved, inequalities remain with poorer and some ethnic minority populations experiencing lower survival rates. Research has addressed Gypsies’ and Travellers’ cancer-related beliefs, experiences and practices as part of wider studies but this is the first study in the UK to specifically focus on cancer. Findings suggest that health beliefs and practices are shaped by historical and contemporary social processes and the marginal position of Gypsies and Travellers in the UK society can result in a preference for seeking information and support from within the community. Starting from a health assets perspective, findings indicate that the structure of social relations in Gypsy and Traveller communities could be more widely utilized in health promotion programmes. Developing and extending techniques employed by Gypsy and Traveller Non-governmental Organisations such as community-based interventions and the use of lay health advisers, could be an effective method of health promotion by raising knowledge of cancer, engaging community members in preventative programmes and encouraging earlier access to services.