bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pervasive damping in mechanical systems and the role of gyroscopic forces
Authors: Awrejcewicz J. , Losyeva N. , Puzyrov V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the stability problem for autonomous non‐conservative mechanical systems in the presence of potential, gyroscopic, and dissipative forces. It is assumed that the dissipation is pervasive, i.e. the matrix of dissipative forces is semi‐positive definite. With this requirement, the celebrated Kelvin–Chetaev theorems cannot be applied. Considering this circumstance, we discuss the role of gyroscopic forces and their contribution to the overall phenomenon. This influence may be both positive and negative (there are some sets in space of parameters, where the asymptotic stability of the motion is broken). Moreover, the gyroscopic stabilization, which is neglected by complete dissipative force, may be saved with pervasive damping. We use a special procedure to prove the asymptotical (or marginal) stability. This procedure applied to considered case study is simpler than common algorithms based on the eigenvalues analysis (Routh–Hurwitz or Lienard–Chipart criteria, etc.). We apply this approach for a stability problem of two mechanical systems. The first of them is the problem of a passive stabilization of permanent rotations of Lagrange gyroscope. It is proved that adding a dashpot to a gyroscope with flattened inertia ellipsoid stabilizes permanent rotations of the gyro with the exception of some “critical” values. The last may be found analytically from special conditions. The second one is a rotary oscillating system with the external harmonic excitation. The absorber attached to the rotating frame stabilizes the periodic oscillations of the system. Also we have found the critical (resonant) value, which may be avoided by appropriate choice of the absorber's mass.
From brain collections to modern brain banks: A historical perspective
Authors: Carlos Arenn Faye , Poloni Tino Emanuele , Medici Valentina , Chikhladze Maia , Guaita Antonio , Ceroni Mauro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOur current knowledge of the structure, function, and diseases of the brain comes from direct examination of its substance. In the last centuries, only a few elite had managed to retrieve, gather, and preserve the elusive brain for their own research. The resulting brain collections, stored in formalin‐filled jars or dried up in cabinets, served anatomical, neuropathological, anthropometric, ideological, and diagnostic purposes. In the 1960s, the first modern brain banks actively collecting and strategically preserving both diseased and healthy brains to be consequently distributed to the scientific community were instituted. In an era where state‐of‐the‐art biochemical “Omic” studies and advanced metabolic and molecular neuroimaging exist, it is now, more than ever, that postmortem brain investigations must be performed. Only through the comparison and integration of postmortem neuropathological and biochemical findings and antemortem data from clinical, neuropsychological neuroimaging, and other biomarker examinations can we truly understand neurological disease mechanisms. Brain banks supplying brain specimens, antemortem information, and postmortem diagnosis are a major benefactor of brain research.
Implementing and measuring the impact of a clinical and translational research mentor recognition program
Authors: Byks-Jazayeri Christine , Samuels Elias , Anderson Elizabeth W. , Ellingrod Vicki L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionResearch shows incentives can motivate faculty to increase their engagement in mentoring, despite a myriad of institutional barriers. One such incentive may be the implementation of a university-wide mentor award program to promote a culture of mentorship.MethodsA new mentorship award was created at a research-intensive university and faculty recipients were surveyed to assess their perceptions of the award’s impact on their mentoring practices and career.ResultsSixty-two percent of awardees (n=21) completed the survey and felt the recognition incentivized them to engage in further mentoring and participate in formal mentorship training. Most awardees referenced the award in their CVs, performance evaluations, and grant proposals. Additionally, they felt the award effectively promoted mentoring among the broader faculty community.ConclusionGrowth of clinical and translational research depends in part on the mentorship received by early career faculty. Therefore, other research universities may benefit from implementing such awards.
Variable expressivity and heritability of multiflorous spikelets in oat panicles
Authors: Zimmer C. M. , Ubert I. P. , Pacheco M. T. , Federizzi L. C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiflorous spikelets are found in oat Avena sativa L. subsp. nudisativa, which is characterised by elongated rachilla and variable number of florets per spikelet. One of the main factors limiting the exploration of multiflorous spikelets in oats, aiming to produce naked grains, is its variable expressivity. This work aimed to detect the environmental influence on the variable expressivity of multiflorous spikelet formation in oats and to estimate the heritability of this trait by analysing its expression in lower, middle and upper third of the panicle in 94 inbred lines of two crosses each. Two populations of recombinant inbred lines were screened for the spikelet formation in 2 years and sowing dates under field experiments. The results demonstrate that the variable expressivity of the multiflorous spikelet formation was highly influenced by the environmental conditions. The variable expressivity varied according to the genetic background, as well as the panicle third where spikelets were produced. The upper third of the panicle showed greater stability for the multiflorous spikelet formation, which is confirmed by the highest heritability coefficients observed in this third, regardless of the assessed population. Our results provide substantial evidences of the contribution exerted by environmental conditions in multiflorous spikelet formation in oats.
How does changing the feeding bin affect cows’ behaviour?
Authors: Soonberg Maria , Kaart Tanel , Arney David Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn a system in which cows are grouped and given differential access to feeding bins with different rations, and where these groups change over time, it is important to find out how a change in the ration (and hence feeding bin) affects the cow's feeding behaviour. Monitoring the locomotion of cows can be used to predict oestrus and improve health (lameness diagnosis), but activity monitors can also be used to estimate both activity and numbers of feeding visits by cows. Ice tag activity monitors were attached to the right hind legs of ten cows. Walking, standing, lying data and health records were used to record changes before and after a change in each cow's feeding bin. Results comparing activity before and after feeding bin change revealed significant increases in motion index, number of steps taken per minute and number of lying bouts per minute (allP< 0.001). Comparing the behaviours of cows subsequently followed during the dry period showed significant differences in motion indices and number of steps taken per minute (P< 0.001) in the dry period. The results indicate that cows are affected by feeding bin change and group change, which can lead to an increase in behaviour associated with the stress response, especially in heifers.
An integrative memory model of recollection and familiarity to understand memory deficits
Authors: Bastin Christine , Besson Gabriel , Simon Jessica , Delhaye Emma , Geurten Marie , Willems Sylvie , Salmon Eric 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Humans can recollect past events in details (recollection) and/or know that an object, person, or place has been encountered before (familiarity). During the last two decades, there has been intense debate about how recollection and familiarity are organized in the brain. Here, we propose an integrative memory model which describes the distributed and interactive neurocognitive architecture of representations and operations underlying recollection and familiarity. In this architecture, the subjective experience of recollection and familiarity arises from the interaction between core systems (storing particular kinds of representations shaped by specific computational mechanisms) and an attribution system. By integrating principles from current theoretical views about memory functioning, we provide a testable framework to refine the prediction of deficient versus preserved mechanisms in memory-impaired populations. The case of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as an example because it entails progressive lesions starting with limited damage to core systems before invading step-by-step most parts of the model-related network. We suggest a chronological scheme of cognitive impairments along the course of AD, where the inaugurating deficit would relate early neurodegeneration of the perirhinal/anterolateral entorhinal cortex to impaired familiarity for items that need to be discriminated as viewpoint-invariant conjunctive entities. The integrative memory model can guide future neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies aiming to understand how such a network allows humans to remember past events, to project into the future, and possibly also to share experiences.
Linking Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs to developmental psychopathology: The role of self-regulation and emotion knowledge in the development of internalizing and externalizing growth trajectories from ages 3 to 10
Authors: Ip Ka I , Jester Jennifer M. , Sameroff Arnold , Olson Sheryl L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIdentifying Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs in early childhood is essential for understanding etiological pathways of psychopathology. Our central goal was to identify early emotion knowledge and self-regulation difficulties across different RDoC domains and examine how they relate to typical versus atypical symptom trajectories between ages 3 and 10. Particularly, we assessed potential contributions of children's gender, executive control, delay of gratification, and regulation of frustration, emotion recognition, and emotion understanding at age 3 to co-occurring patterns of internalizing and externalizing across development. A total of 238 3-year-old boys and girls were assessed using behavioral tasks and parent reports and reassessed at ages 5 and 10 years. Results indicated that very few children developed “pure” internalizing or externalizing symptoms relative to various levels of co-occurring symptoms across development. Four classes of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems were identified: low, low-moderate, rising, and severe-decreasing trajectories. Three-year-old children with poor executive control but high emotion understanding were far more likely to show severe-decreasing than low/low-moderate class co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptom patterns. Child gender and poor executive control differentiated children in rising versus low trajectories. Implications for early intervention targeting self-regulation of executive control are discussed.
Charge-conservative GaN HEMT nonlinear modeling from non-isodynamic multi-bias S-parameter measurements
Authors: Gibiino Gian Piero , Santarelli Alberto , Filicori Fabio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGuaranteeing charge conservation of empirically extracted Gallium Nitride (GaN) High-Electron-Mobility Transistor (HEMT) models is necessary to avoid simulation issues and artifacts in the prediction. However, dispersive effects, such as thermal and charge-trapping phenomena, may compromise the model extraction flow resulting in poor model accuracy. Although GaN HEMT models should be extracted, in principle, from an isodynamic dataset, this work deals with the systematic identification of an approximate, yet most suitable, charge-conservative empirical model from standard multi-bias S-parameters, i.e., from non-isodynamic data. Results show that the obtained model maintains a reasonable accuracy in predicting both small- and large-signal behavior, while providing the benefits of charge conservation.
New Magnetic Constraints on Early‐Middle Miocene Uplift of the Liupan Shan, Northeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wu Jiabin , Guo Licheng , Xiong Shangfa , Wang Shiqi , Tang Zihua , Jin Chunsheng , Yang Xiaoxiao , Gu Ning , Li Chunxiao , Cui Jingyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNew constraints on the uplift history of the Liupan Shan can improve our understanding of the tectonic consequences of the collision of the Indian and Asian plates, including the timing of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Here we present a detailed magnetostratigraphy for the Kaimengou section near the piedmont of the Liupan Shan, which reveals that it spans the interval from 19.8 to 12.8 Myr. Together with the results of measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, rock magnetic measurements show that the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is dominated by antiferromagnetic hematite and/or paramagnetic minerals, both of which are mainly controlled by the preferred crystallographic orientation, which can be used to record the tectonic history. During 19.5–14.0 Myr, the maximum principal axis (Kmax) showed a pronounced N‐S orientation and Kmin began to exhibit a girdled distribution in an E‐W direction, indicating a slight to moderate tectonic strain in an E‐W direction. And the strain can be reconfirmed be the shape parameter (T). We attribute the strain to far‐field influence by the collision of the Indian and Asian plates. We also present a tentative conceptual model, which explains how the E‐W compression fits within the general tectonic scenario for the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
Influence of Arctic Sea Ice Loss in Autumn Compared to That in Winter on the Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Blackport Russell , Screen James A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence that Arctic sea ice loss affects the large‐scale atmospheric circulation. Some studies suggest that reduced autumn sea ice may be a precursor to severe midlatitude winters. Here we use coupled ocean–atmosphere model experiments to investigate the extent to which the winter atmospheric circulation response to Arctic sea ice loss is driven by sea ice loss in preceding months. We impose different seasonal cycles of sea ice by using various combinations of sea ice albedo parameters. Year‐round sea ice loss causes an equatorward migration of the eddy‐driven jet and a shift toward the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation in winter. However, these circulation changes are not found when sea ice is reduced only in late summer and autumn, despite high‐latitude warming persisting into the winter. Our results imply that the winter atmospheric circulation response to sea ice loss is primarily driven by sea ice loss in winter rather than in autumn.
Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations of Moisture Triggering Primary MJO Initiation
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Mu Mu , Ren Hong‐Li , Fu Joshua‐Xiouhua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a dominant intraseasonal variability originating in the tropics and influencing global weather and climate. Despite this dominance, we still lack reliable precursor signals triggering nonlinear initiation of primary MJO events. Here for the first time, we deal with this question from the point of view of nonlinearity, with successful implementation of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP). Our results show that relative to random perturbations, CNOPs of moisture have the most potential to trigger the strongest primary MJO events more than 15–20 days in advance from the given non‐MJO reference states. The CNOPs manifest as a moist equator and aggregate in the lower troposphere, with stronger signals over the western Indian Ocean than over the eastern one. These CNOPs can also capture the observational moist precursor conditions of primary MJO events. This work also implies the necessity of utilizing nonlinear optimal moist initialization in subseasonal predictions.
Mesoscale Convective Systems in the Asian Monsoon Region From Advanced Himawari Imager: Algorithms and Preliminary Results
Authors: Chen Dandan , Guo Jianping , Yao Dan , Lin Yanluan , Zhao Chuanfeng , Min Min , Xu Hui , Liu Lin , Huang Xiaomeng , Chen Tianmeng , Zhai Panmao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe knowledge of mesoscale convective system (MCS) in the Asian monsoon region remains still deficient due to the limited available data and less powerful algorithms. Here, using the data from Advanced Himawari Imager onboard Himawari‐8 (HW8), an improved algorithm combining the area overlapping with the Kalman filter is developed, which captures much smaller MCSs that are unavailable otherwise. Several influential factors like the overlapping rate and splitting/merging in the area overlapping method, and the initial state variable in the Kalman filter method, all of which were less appreciated, are handled explicitly. The occurrence frequency, and moving trajectory of two types of MCS, including the ordinary MCS and superconvective system, has been comprehensively examined in the Asian monsoon region for the warm season (April to September) of 2016. Comparison analyses with ground precipitation and radar measurements confirm the good performance of our algorithm. In particular, the moving direction of MCS strongly depends on latitudes, so does the horizontal velocity. Compared with over ocean, the frequency of MCSs dominates over land or along coasts in the tropics, where strong moisture flux convergence is frequently observed in the low troposphere. In addition, the MCSs detected in eastern China can roughly capture the meridional propagation over time, which corresponds well to the precipitation belts linked to Meiyu front systems. The superconvective systems dominate over the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea due to the large‐scale circulation. Our findings provide new insights to spatiotemporal patterns of MCSs during warm season in the Asian monsoon region.
BMP9 stimulates joint regeneration at digit amputation wounds in mice
Authors: Yu Ling , Dawson Lindsay A. , Yan Mingquan , Zimmel Katherine , Lin Yu-Lieh , Dolan Connor P. , Han Manjong , Muneoka Ken 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA major goal of regenerative medicine is to stimulate tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. We previously discovered that treating digit amputation wounds with BMP2 in neonatal mice stimulates endochondral ossification to regenerate the stump bone. Here we show that treating the amputation wound with BMP9 stimulates regeneration of a synovial joint that forms an articulation with the stump bone. Regenerated structures include a skeletal element lined with articular cartilage and a synovial cavity, and we demonstrate that this response requires the Prg4 gene. Combining BMP2 and BMP9 treatments in sequence stimulates the regeneration of bone and joint. These studies provide evidence that treatment of growth factors can be used to engineer a regeneration response from a non-regenerating amputation wound.
Zinc regulates ERp44-dependent protein quality control in the early secretory pathway
Authors: Watanabe Satoshi , Amagai Yuta , Sannino Sara , Tempio Tiziana , Anelli Tiziana , Harayama Manami , Masui Shoji , Sorrentino Ilaria , Yamada Momo , Sitia Roberto , Inaba Kenji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZinc ions (Zn2+) are imported into the early secretory pathway by Golgi-resident transporters, but their handling and functions are not fully understood. Here, we show that Zn2+ binds with high affinity to the pH-sensitive chaperone ERp44, modulating its localization and ability to retrieve clients like Ero1α and ERAP1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Silencing the Zn2+ transporters that uptake Zn2+ into the Golgi led to ERp44 dysfunction and increased secretion of Ero1α and ERAP1. High-resolution crystal structures of Zn2+-bound ERp44 reveal that Zn2+ binds to a conserved histidine-cluster. The consequent large displacements of the regulatory C-terminal tail expose the substrate-binding surface and RDEL motif, ensuring client capture and retrieval. ERp44 also forms Zn2+-bridged homodimers, which dissociate upon client binding. Histidine mutations in the Zn2+-binding sites compromise ERp44 activity and localization. Our findings reveal a role of Zn2+ as a key regulator of protein quality control at the ER-Golgi interface.
Merging transformation optics with electron-driven photon sources
Authors: Talebi Nahid , Meuret Sophie , Guo Surong , Hentschel Mario , Polman Albert , Giessen Harald , van Aken Peter A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRelativistic electron beams create optical radiation when interacting with tailored nanostructures. This phenomenon has been so far used to design grating-based and holographic electron-driven photon sources. It has been proposed recently that such sources can be used for hybrid electron- and light-based spectroscopy techniques. However, this demands the design of a thin-film source suitable for electron-microscopy applications. Here, we present a mesoscopic structure composed of an array of nanoscale holes in a gold film which is designed using transformation optics and delivers ultrashort chirped electromagnetic wave packets upon 30–200 keV electron irradiation. The femtosecond photon bunches result from coherent scattering of surface plasmon polaritons with hyperbolic dispersion. They decay by radiation in a broad spectral band which is focused into a 1.5 micrometer beam waist. The focusing ability and broadband nature of this photon source will initiate applications in ultrafast spectral interferometry techniques.
Ultrafast manipulation of topologically enhanced surface transport driven by mid-infrared and terahertz pulses in Bi2Se3
Authors: Luo L. , Yang X. , Liu X. , Liu Z. , Vaswani C. , Cheng D. , Mootz M. , Zhao X. , Yao Y. , Wang C.-Z. , Ho K.-M. , Perakis I. E. , Dobrowolska M. , Furdyna J. K. , Wang J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTopology-protected surface transport of ultimate thinness in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is breaking new ground in quantum science and technology. Yet a challenge remains on how to disentangle and selectively control surface helical spin transport from the bulk contribution. Here we use the mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) photoexcitation of exclusive intraband transitions to enable ultrafast manipulation of surface THz conductivity in Bi2Se3. The unique, transient electronic state is characterized by frequency-dependent carrier relaxations that directly distinguish the faster surface channel than the bulk with no complication from interband excitations or need for reduced bulk doping. We determine the topological enhancement ratio between bulk and surface scattering rates, i.e., γBS/γSS ~3.80 in equilibrium. The ultra-broadband, wavelength-selective pumping may be applied to emerging topological semimetals for separation and control of the protected transport connected with the Weyl nodes from other bulk bands.