bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Grand Intentions
Authors: Holmes Jim 
Published: April 2019

Grand Intentions by Trevor Barr is an exciting read that involves many themes and works at many levels. It concerns a fictitious telephone company, Telco One, which is undergoing major change as the Government privatises it. Telco One is in the throes of moving from a traditional culture that is based on public sector, even public service, values to a commercial entity subject to the overwhelming imperative of shareholder value. The twists and turns as Telco One transforms from its previous culture into the dynamic commercial entity are transfixing. This is a must read book for those with an interest in what could become a dystopian drama if not for the emergence and re-emergence of grand intentions and praiseworthy aspirations of the characters themselves.
Reciprocity of Government Restructuring/Policy Changes and the Convergent Environment in South Korea
Authors: PARK EUN-A 
Published: April 2019

This paper takes the approach that policy responses to environmental challenges are at least partially dependent on the structure of governmental decision-making bodies. How ministries and regulatory bodies are designed and put together affect both their policy outlooks and managerial capabilities, in turn affecting their policy output. Governments have also consciously restructured ministries and regulators in order to promote specific policy orientations, or in response to changes in the industry. This two-way interaction is critically important to the responses of governments to the emerging broadband ecosystem. The paper examines four different restructurings in the Korean government, and argues that the identification of a governmental agency as a nodal agency was the result of a new policy orientation, and the response to an environmental change. Though no two countries are totally similar in terms of their industrial and political environments or policy needs, the paper is based on the premise that the example of South Korea has useful lessons for other countries, as a leading indicator of changes in government regulatory structures in response to convergence and the emergence of the broadband ecosystem.
Telstra's Future Mode of Operation - the transformation of the Telstra's Network - 1992/93
Authors: Campbell Ian 
Published: April 2019

The Australian & Overseas Telecommunications Corporation (AOTC), later Telstra, was established on 1st January, 1992, as a government owned corporation and as the national telecommunications carrier.At the same time the Australian telecommunications market was deregulated and network competition was expected to begin within several months.Studies had indicated that AOTC's inter-exchange network was perhaps five years behind similar networks in the USA and uncompetitive with the network to be built by the incoming competitor, Optus Communications (Optus).AOTC's first Chief Executive Officer, Frank Blount, was an experienced senior executive of A&T, one of the most respected telecommunications businesses in the world, which had been operating in the highly competitive telecommunications market in the USA over the previous eight years. Blount decided that one of his highest priorities, if not the highest, was a major transformation of the AOTC's inter-exchange network.Within seven months the AOTC board approved Plan D, an interim hybrid strategy which broadly achieved what was required for the network to be competitive. Within fourteen months the Board approved the Future Mode of Operation (FMO), a strategy to achieve a fully competitive, almost fully digital inter-exchange network which would approach world parity within five years. The FMO strategy would leap a gap close to ten years within five years.This is the story of the rationale and planning to launch Plan D and the FMO, the building of the first competitive telecommunications network strategy in the Postmaster General's Department (PMG), Telecom Australia (Telecom) and AOTC (Telstra) in over 90 years.
Minimal incision cochlear implantation: is it the future
Authors: Saroch Munish , Saini Amit , Gargi Gaveshna 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare the incision size, operative time and complications in minimal incision cochlear implantation (MICI) and standard incision cochlear implantation (SICI).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery from August 2015 to August 2017. Patients in the MICI group underwent surgery with 2 cm post aural incision whereas patients in SICI group underwent surgery with inverted J incision. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of eight patients who underwent cochlear implantation during study period were divided into SICI and MICI group of four patients each. The mean size of incision in SICI group was 7.62cm (SD 0.47) and in MICI group was 2 cm. The mean operative time in SICI group was 211.25 minutes (SD 8.53) and in MICI group was 247.5 minutes (SD 11.9). One patient (25%) in SICI group had flap necrosis where as MICI group had none.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The MICI can be performed with a small incision of 2 cm. It causes less trauma to the flap with very less incidence of flap necrosis. Technique can be mastered by surgeon with less experience in Cochlear Implant surgery. Other complications are comparable to SICI though operating time is more initially. This is a small study which indicates that Minimal Incision cochlear Implantation is less traumatic and has a more favourable cosmetic outcome with benefits comparable to that of standard technique.</p>
THE ROLE OF THE MASS MEDIA IN THE 2017 GUBERNATORIAL ELECTION OF JAKARTA
Authors: Hermawati Rina , Runiawati Nunung 
Published: April 2019

Purpose of Study: The media have an important role in the introducing process of candidates of local leaders. Various opinions on the candidates may be formed and spread to the public through the media. The media are able to organize realities from various events occurred so that they become the discourse that supports or rejects the candidates.
Methodology: The media’s construction of the candidates is determined by three main factors, namely the media’s par- tiality towards capitalism/capital owners; quasi-support for the public and support for the public interests. The relation between the media and capital owners may make the news report of the media unbalance and tend to be on the side of certain candidates. The news narrative, the terms used, and the resource persons invited are adjusted to the interests of the media to make certain candidates win.
Results: The media wars occur in every election for local leaders. One of the elections for local leaders that involved the media war is the Jakarta Election 2017. The media war occurred not only in offline such as printed matter media and online media but also in social media like Facebook and Twitter. Social media were filled with the issue about diversity against obedience to religion which was followed by some hate speech, hoax news, and insults from those who were not of the same opinion. Through this discourse, the political image of the candidate was constructed.
The Timing of Injections Prior to Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Impacts the Risk of Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Forsythe Brian , Agarwalla Avinesh , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Sumner Shelby , Romeo Anthony A. , Mascarenhas Randy 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Corticosteroid injections are a common treatment for rotator cuff tears. Because of concerns of infection, a surgical procedure is often delayed following injections. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there is a temporal relationship between corticosteroid injections and the risk of surgical site infection after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. We hypothesized that the incidence of surgical site infection is higher in patients who received a preoperative injection and this relationship exists in a temporal manner as those patients receiving an injection closer to the operative date have a higher risk of infection.

Methods:
The PearlDiver database was reviewed for patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from 2007 to 2016. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts: those undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair within 1 year of injection (n = 12,060), and those undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair without prior injection (n = 48,763). Patients with preoperative injections were further stratified by the duration in months that the injection was performed prior to the surgical procedure. Surgical site infection within 6 months of the surgical procedure was recorded. Statistical analysis included chi-square and multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors for surgical site infection. Results were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the incidence of surgical site infection in patients receiving a shoulder injection at 0.7% compared with the control cohort at 0.8% (odds ratio [OR], 0.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7 to 1.1]; p = 0.2). However, patients receiving an injection within 1 month prior to operative management had a significantly higher rate of surgical site infection overall at 1.3% compared with the control group at 0.8% (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0 to 2.9]; p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, male sex (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.4 to 1.9]; p = 0.001), obesity (OR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2 to 1.6]; p < 0.001), diabetes (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.5]; p < 0.001), smoking status (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.4 to 1.9], p < 0.001), and preoperative corticosteroid injections within 1 month of the surgical procedure (OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.5 to 2.7]; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for development of a surgical site infection.

Conclusions:
Injections within 1 month of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair significantly increases the risk of surgical site infection. However, there is no increased risk of infection if the surgical procedure is delayed by 1 month following an injection.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Female Sex and Longer Fusion Constructs Significantly Increase the Risk of Total Hip Arthroplasty Following Spinal Fusion
Authors: Lum Zachary C. , Klineberg Eric O. , Danielsen Beate , Giordani Mauro , Meehan John P. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Previous studies have noted the progression of arthritis due to increased forces in articular structures adjacent to a fused joint. It is unknown whether spinal fusion generates increased forces at the hip joint causing progression to arthritis leading to total hip arthroplasty (THA). We sought to determine (1) is there a relationship between spinal fusion and THA, (2) what are risk factors for subsequent THA, and (3) is there a time interval from spinal fusion to THA?

Methods:
A large patient discharge dataset was utilized to evaluate all patients who underwent spinal fusion and subsequent THA in California from 2004 through 2013. Patients were categorized by age, sex, hospital type, hospital volume, and number of spinal levels fused. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between spinal fusion and THA. Hazard ratios were calculated for risk factors for THA after spinal fusion. Patients were excluded for previous spinal fusion or hip arthroplasty, inflammatory arthropathy, cancer, and an age of ≤40 years, a surrogate for adolescent and neuromuscular scoliosis.

Results:
A total of 101,206 patients underwent spinal fusion; 2,803 (2.77%) subsequently underwent THA. In a bivariate analysis comparing 1 to 2 levels versus >2 levels fused, males had a 17% increased relative risk of undergoing subsequent THA (relative risk [RR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 1.17) and female patients had a 35% increased relative risk (RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.35) when the fusion involved >2 levels. For females, the relative risk increased by 119% when >7 levels were fused compared with 1 to 7 levels (RR = 2.19; 95% CI = 2.16 to 2.21). Using multivariate random-effects analysis, significant risk factors for THA after spinal fusion included female sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.31; p < 0.0001) and spinal fusion of >7 levels (HR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.03 to 2.24; p = 0.035).

Conclusions:
Patients with longer spinal fusion constructs, especially female patients, had a significantly increased risk of undergoing subsequent THA. Patients should be educated regarding the potential for the progression to hip arthritis after spinal fusion and the possibility of future THA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Iklan Rokok di Negeri Passo, Kecamatan Baguala, Kota Ambon
Authors: Talakua Yani 
Published: April 2019

<p><em>Smoking is a bad habit that has been done since the time of the discovery of tobacco. Initially smoking only aims to warm the body but, over time the habit becomes changed goal is as a requirement that can not be abandoned or can be said to be addicted. Without tobacco as if there is no pleasure in itself. This continued until the time of the industrial revolution in England until the emergence of cigarette factories to spread throughout the world. The majority of smokers worldwide are ± 47% male population while 12% are female population with different age categories. Various reasons people smoke a variety, among these people there are several factors that influence a person to smoke for example, prestige factors to be called "champion", and there are also people who say smoking can trigger inspiration and keupayaan thinking, even there is an interesting pantun used as justification for the smoking habit that is "there is a rooster on the roof, not smoking not handsome" there is also a saying that "smoking dead do not smoke is also dead." Smoking is one problem that is difficult to solve. </em><em>Moreover, it has become a national problem, and even international. This becomes difficult, because it is related to many factors that trigger each other, so as if it has become a vicious circle. Cigarettes are cylinders of paper length between 70 to 120 mm (varies by country) with a diameter of about 10 mm containing tobacco leaves that have been chopped. As for several types of cigarettes in Indonesia, among others: Djarum Super, Gudang Garam Filter, Gudang Garam Merah, Dji Sam Soe, Sampoerna Mild, Sampoerna Mild Menthol, Marlboro, Surya, U Mild and others. In terms of cigarette health can cause negative effects for active smokers and passive smokers, because each suction causing nicotine and carbon monoxide are very dangerous for both especially for active smokers who can cause various chronic diseases, such as lung cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer , breast cancer, esophageal cancer, digestion, kidney cancer, oral cancer, atherosclerosis, impotence and heart attacks, to death.</em></p>
Two new Species of Pristionchus (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) include the Gonochoristic Sister Species of P. fissidentatus
Authors: Herrmann Matthias , Kanzaki Natsumi , Weiler Christian , Yoshida Kohta , RÖdelsperger Christian , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The genus Pristionchus (Kreis, 1932) consists of more than 30 soil nematode species that are often found in association with scarab beetles. Three major radiations have resulted in the “maupasi species group” in America, the “pacificus species group” in Asia, and the “lheritieri species group,” which contains species from Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that a group of three species, including the gonochorists P. elegans and P. bucculentus and the hermaphrodite P. fissidentatus, is basal to the above-mentioned radiations. Two novel species are described here: Pristionchus paulseni sp. n. from Taiwan and P. yamagatae sp. n. from Japan by means of morphology, morphometrics and genome-wide transcriptome sequence analysis. Previous phylotranscriptomic analysis of the complete Pristionchus genus recognized P. paulseni sp. n. as the sister species of P. fissidentatus, and thus its importance for macro-evolutionary studies. Specifically, the gonochorist P. paulseni sp. n. and the hermaphrodite P. fissidentatus form a species pair that is the sister group to all other described Pristionchus species. P. paulseni sp. n. has two distinct mouth forms, supporting the notion that the mouth dimorphism is ancestral in the genus Pristionchus.
Pea Growth, Yield, and Quality in Different Crop Rotations and Cultural Practices
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Lenssen Andrew W. , Allen Brett L. , Jabro Jalal D. , Stevens William B. 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
Management strategies are lacking to enhance dryland pea growth, yield, and quality.
Pea yield and quality were studied in various crop rotations and cultural practices.
Pea yield and N uptake were greater with alternate‐year than stacked crop rotation.
Stand count was greater with the improved than the traditional cultural practice.
Alternate‐year rotation and improved cultural practice enhanced pea yield and quality.
Dryland pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important pulse crop that can replace fallow or be added to existing crop rotations to sustain crop yields in arid and semiarid regions. Yet, we lack management practices to enhance yield and quality of dryland pea. This study evaluated the effect of crop rotation and cultural practices on dryland pea growth, yield, and quality from 2006 to 2011 in the northern Great Plains, USA. Stacked rotations were durum (Triticum turgidum L.)–durum–canola (Brassica napus L.)–pea (DDCP) and durum–durum–flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)–pea (DDFP), and alternate‐year rotations were durum–canola–durum–pea (DCDP) and durum–flax–durum–pea (DFDP). Traditional cultural practice included a combination of conventional till, recommended seed rate, broadcast N fertilization, and reduced stubble height, and improved cultural practice a combination of no‐till, increased seed rate, banded N fertilization, and increased stubble height. Pea pod number, plant height, grain yield, and N uptake were 4 to 18% greater with DCDP and DDCP than other rotations. Improved cultural practice increased stand count by 29% over traditional cultural practice. Biomass yield, N uptake, and grain protein concentration varied with crop rotations and cultural practices in various years. Seed number, seed weight, harvest index, and N harvest index were not influenced by treatments. Pea yield and N uptake increased with alternate‐year rotation due to increased pod number and plant height. Stand count increased with improved cultural practice. Alternate‐year crop rotations and improved cultural practice enhanced dryland pea yield and quality.
Head-to-Tail Complex of Dishevelled and Axin-DIX Domains: Expression, Purification, Crystallographic Studies and Packing Analysis
Authors: Yamanishi Kumpei , Kumano Wataru , Terawaki Shin-Ichi , Higuchi Yoshiki , Shibata Naoki 
Published: April 2019

Background:Head-to-tail polymerising domains generating heterogeneous aggregates are generally difficult to crystallise. DIX domains, exclusively found in the Wnt signalling pathway, are polymerising factors following this head-to-tail arrangement; moreover, they are considered to play a key role in the heterotypic interaction between Dishevelled (Dvl) and Axin, which are cytoplasmic proteins also positively and negatively regulating the canonical Wnt/β- catenin signalling pathway, but this interaction mechanism is still unknown.Objective:This study mainly aimed to clarify whether the Dvl2 and Axin-DIX domains (Dvl2-DIX and Axin-DIX, respectively) form a helical polymer in a head-to-tail way during complexation.Methods:Axin-DIX (DAX) and Dvl2-DIX (DIX), carrying polymerisation-blocking mutations, were expressed as a fusion protein by using a flexible peptide linker to fuse the C-terminal of the former to the N-terminal of the latter, enforcing a defined 1:1 stoichiometry between them.Results:The crystal of the DAX–DIX fusion protein diffracted to a resolution of about 0.3 nm and a data set was collected at a 0.309 nm resolution. The structure was solved via the molecular replacement method by using the DIX and DAX structures. A packing analysis of the crystal revealed the formation of a tandem heterodimer in a head-to-tail way, as predicted by the Wntsignalosome model.Conclusion:The results demonstrated that the combination of polymerisation-blocking mutations and a fusion protein of two head-to-tail polymerising domains is effective especially for crystallising complexes among heterologous polymerising proteins or domains.
Carrageenan: A Wonder Polymer from Marine Algae for Potential Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Qureshi Dilshad , Nayak Suraj Kumar , Maji Samarendra , Kim Doman , Banerjee Indranil , Pal Kunal 
Published: April 2019

Background:
With the advancement in the field of medical science, the idea of sustained release of the
therapeutic agents in the patient’s body has remained a major thrust for developing advanced drug delivery systems
(DDSs). The critical requirement for fabricating these DDSs is to facilitate the delivery of their cargos in a
spatio-temporal and pharmacokinetically-controlled manner. Albeit the synthetic polymer-based DDSs normally
address the above-mentioned conditions, their potential cytotoxicity and high cost have ultimately constrained
their success. Consequently, the utilization of natural polymers for the fabrication of tunable DDSs owing to their
biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic nature can be regarded as a significant stride in the field of drug
delivery. Marine environment serves as an untapped resource of varied range of materials such as polysaccharides,
which can easily be utilized for developing various DDSs.

Methods:
Carrageenans are the sulfated polysaccharides that are extracted from the cell wall of red seaweeds.
They exhibit an assimilation of various biological activities such as anti-thrombotic, anti-viral, anticancer, and
immunomodulatory properties. The main aim of the presented review is threefold. The first one is to describe the
unique physicochemical properties and structural composition of different types of carrageenans. The second is to
illustrate the preparation methods of the different carrageenan-based macro- and micro-dimensional DDSs like
hydrogels, microparticles, and microspheres respectively. Fabrication techniques of some advanced DDSs such as
floating hydrogels, aerogels, and 3-D printed hydrogels have also been discussed in this review. Next, considerable
attention has been paid to list down the recent applications of carrageenan-based polymeric architectures in
the field of drug delivery.

Results:
Presence of structural variations among the different carrageenan types helps in regulating their temperature
and ion-dependent sol-to-gel transition behavior. The constraint of low mechanical strength of reversible gels
can be easily eradicated using chemical crosslinking techniques. Carrageenan based-microdimesional DDSs (e.g.
microspheres, microparticles) can be utilized for easy and controlled drug administration. Moreover, carrageenans
can be fabricated as 3-D printed hydrogels, floating hydrogels, and aerogels for controlled drug delivery applications.

Conclusion:
In order to address the problems associated with many of the available DDSs, carrageenans are
establishing their worth recently as potential drug carriers owing to their varied range of properties. Different
architectures of carrageenans are currently being explored as advanced DDSs. In the near future, translation of
carrageenan-based advanced DDSs in the clinical applications seems inevitable.