bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic Imaging: Contrast Agents and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Fu Qinrui , Zhu Rong , Song Jibin , Yang Huanghao , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging as a fast‐developing imaging technique has great potential in biomedical and clinical applications. It is a noninvasive imaging modality that depends on the light‐absorption coefficient of the imaged tissue and the injected PA‐imaging contrast agents. Furthermore, PA imaging provides superb contrast, super spatial resolution, and high penetrability and sensitivity to tissue functional characteristics by detecting the acoustic wave to construct PA images. In recent years, a series of PA‐imaging contrast agents are developed to improve the PA‐imaging performance in biomedical applications. Here, recent progress of PA contrast agents and their biomedical applications are outlined. PA contrast agents are classified according to their components and function, and gold nanocrystals, gold‐nanocrystal assembly, transition‐metal chalcogenides/MXene‐based nanomaterials, carbon‐based nanomaterials, other inorganic imaging agents, small organic molecules, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, and nonlinear PA‐imaging contrast agents are discussed. The applications of PA contrast agents as biosensors (in the sensing of metal ions, pH, enzymes, temperature, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species) and in bioimaging (lymph nodes, vasculature, tumors, and brain tissue) are discussed in detail. Finally, an outlook on the future research and investigation of PA‐imaging contrast agents and their significance in biomedical research is presented.
Sputter Depth‐Profile Study of Accelerated Interface Mixing by Thermal Annealing in Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Kang Ji‐Ho , Ahn Dong A , Shon Hyun Kyoung , Lee Tae Geol , Park Sungkyun , Suh Min Chul , Park Yongsup 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effect of thermal annealing on interfacial mixing of solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using direct sputter‐depth profiling techniques is investigated. X‐ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and argon gas cluster ion beam sputtering are used to investigate the distribution of chemical species near the interface. Extensive interfacial mixing is found in solution‐processed OLEDs after the thermal annealing at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the organic material, while such mixing is not evident in vapor‐deposited devices. It is found that there is a partially mixed interface in the solution‐processed devices prior to the annealing, which seems to promote effective interdiffusion during the annealing. Surprisingly, the extensive interfacial mixing after the thermal annealing appears to significantly enhance the efficiency of OLEDs.
Improved Performance of Quantum‐Dot Photodetectors Using Cheap and Environmentally Friendly Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Kang Jinhyeon , Park Dasom , Jeong Moon‐Ki , Kim Junho , Eom Seung Hun , Jang Sung‐Yeon , Yim Sanggyu , Jung In Hwan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractColloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodetectors (PDs) are developed. The on/off current ratio is improved by applying organic cathode buffer layers (CBLs), such as polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The on‐current of CQD‐PDs (QPDs) is increased by the decreased work function of ZnO/CBLs via forming a permanent dipole moment at the interface of ZnO and CBLs. The off‐current is significantly decreased by the improved interfacial morphology via softening the ZnO surfaces. In the photoconductive mode for the fast response time of a signal, PEG‐ and PEIE‐treated QPDs exhibit improved photodetecting properties. Notably, the performance of PEG‐treated QPDs fluctuates less at the concentration of the prepared CBL solution. The utilization of environmentally friendly and cheap PEG as CBLs is attractive for QPDs. The organic CBL is highly effective for QPDs to improve both on‐ and off‐current characteristics.
Kerker‐Conditioned Dynamic Cryptographic Nanoprints
Authors: Jang Jaehyuck , Jeong Heonyeong , Hu Guangwei , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Nam Ki Tae , Rho Junsuk 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh‐quality and tunable structural color printing with feasible fabrication is a key goal in recent decades, holding the possibility for full‐color microdisplay and impeccable cryptographic nanoprints. Plasmonic approach suffers from the inevitable material absorption restricting the color spectrum with suppressed lightness. Recent progress in dielectric nanophotonics offers low‐loss solution for color rendering, but dynamic functionality is still in infancy of changing colors with unchanged portraits, where more sophisticated physical mechanisms are in demand. Here, a strategy using full Kerker's conditions is reported to design low‐loss silicon metasurfaces which can generate broad spectrum of colors beyond the standard Red Green Blue (sRGB) gamut. The combination of the two Kerker's conditions enables dynamic and bright color palettes and full‐color microdisplay. Meanwhile, the asymmetric unit‐cell can guarantee polarization‐angle‐controlled reflective response with greatly sharpened spectra by complete control of the Kerker's effects. As a proof‐of‐concept, polarization‐encrypted images are demonstrated where completely distinguished pieces of information can be decoded exclusively only in predetermined polarization angle. They serve as highly‐secured cryptographic nanoprints that can be integrated with conventional smartphone technology. The complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible metasurfaces can provide a new roadmap of anti‐counterfeiting tagging, advanced optical data storage, and tunable high‐contrast microprinting for real‐life applications.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Biomolecular Imaging and Analysis
Authors: Kumamoto Yasuaki , Taguchi Atsushi , Kawata Satoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDeep‐ultraviolet light, 200–300 nm in wavelength, interacts with nucleic acids and proteins strongly compared to visible and infrared light. In this article, the interaction between deep‐ultraviolet photons and biomolecules is discussed. Especially, the absorption and autofluorescence of biomolecules by the deep‐ultraviolet excitation are examined. Applications of deep‐ultraviolet absorption and autofluorescence to label‐free biomolecular imaging and analysis of cells and tissues are shown. Resonant Raman scattering at nucleotide bases and aromatic amino acids as another important topic of deep‐ultraviolet photonics is reviewed in biomolecular imaging and analysis. The discussion extends to the recent progress in the development of deep‐ultraviolet microscopes as well as a variety of deep‐ultraviolet optical devices such as light sources, detectors, and objectives. The issue of photodamage due to deep‐ultraviolet irradiation on cells and tissues is also discussed. It has been recently suppressed with use of lanthanide ions. The experimental results of the photodamage suppression are shown. For surface‐enhanced resonant Raman scattering, autofluorescence enhancement, and tip‐enhanced resonant Raman scattering microscopy, plasmonic materials applicable in the deep‐ultraviolet range are discussed.
Bio‐Based Polybenzoxazine Modified Melamine Sponges for Selective Absorption of Organic Solvent in Water
Authors: Peng Yunyan , Dai Jinyue , Liu Yuan , Cao Lijun , Zhu Jin , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMelamine sponge (MS) has drawn increasing attention in the field of oil/water separation. To realize the selective absorption of oil, lots of efforts have been made to change its hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. Here, several bio‐based main‐chain type benzoxazines with extremely low surface tension are synthesized from a renewable feedstock and loaded on the skeleton of MS through a simple dipping–squeezing–curing process. Consequently, a series of polybenzoxazine‐modified MSs (PB–MSs) are fabricated. With the benzoxazine loading content ranging from 0.13% to 30.4%, the PB–MSs show a high water contact angle (WCA) of 137.8° ± 1.5° to 144.5° ± 1.0° and excellent gravimetric absorption capacity (Qm/m) of 117.0 ± 1.59 to 140.64 ± 0.68 g g−1 when chloroform is used as the oil phase. After 15 absorbing–squeezing cycles, the 67.47% to 76.29% retentive absorption capacity is observed. Notably, the excellent absorption selectivity is reflected by the trace amount of water (ppm grade) in the separated oil phase. The bio‐based benzoxazine shows great potential to functionalize MSs for effective oil/water separation and the application of bio‐based materials in the field of environmental pollution treatment is demonstrated.
Gastrografin reduces the need for additional surgery in postoperative small bowel obstruction patients without long tube insertion: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ishizuka Mitsuru , Shibuya Norisuke , Takagi Kazutoshi , Iwasaki Yoshimi , Hachiya Hiroyuki , Aoki Taku , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) is a well‐known major postoperative complication requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment to avoid additional invasive surgical procedures. Water‐soluble contrast medium is often given not only for diagnosis but also for treatment. Although numerous studies have investigated the significance of this treatment, no consensus has yet been established regarding its indications and efficacy.ObjectiveTo explore whether Gastrografin can reduce the need for additional surgery in patients with postoperative SBO (PSBO).MethodsWe carried out a comprehensive electronic search of the literature (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed and the Web of Science) up to February 2017 to identify studies that had shown efficacy of Gastrografin in reducing the need for surgery in patients with PSBO. To integrate the individual effects of Gastrografin, a meta‐analysis was done using random‐effects models to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was analyzed using I2 statistics.ResultsTwelve studies involving a total of 1153 patients diagnosed as having PSBO were included in this meta‐analysis. Not all patients received long‐tube insertion. Among 580 patients who received Gastrografin, 100 (17.2%) underwent surgery, whereas among 573 patients who did not receive Gastrografin, 143 (25.0%) underwent surgery. Giving Gastrografin significantly reduced the need for surgery (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46‐0.95; P = 0.02; I2 = 52%) in comparison with patients who did not receive Gastrografin.ConclusionResults of this meta‐analysis show that giving Gastrografin reduces the need for surgery in PSBO patients without long‐tube insertion.
Newborn screening for Prader–Willi syndrome is feasible: Early diagnosis for better outcomes
Authors: Mahmoud Ranim , Singh Preeti , Weiss Lan , Lakatos Anita , Oakes Melanie , Hossain Waheeda , Butler Merlin G. , Kimonis Virginia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS), is a complex genetic disease affecting 1/15,000 individuals, characterized by lack of expression of genes on the paternal chromosome 15q11‐q13 region. Clinical features include central hypotonia, poor suck, learning and behavior problems, growth hormone deficiency with short stature, hyperphagia, and morbid obesity. Despite significant advances in genetic testing, the mean age for diagnosis in PWS continues to lag behind. Our goal was to perform a pilot feasibility study to confirm the diagnosis utilizing different genetic technologies in a cohort of 34 individuals with genetically confirmed PWS and 16 healthy controls from blood samples spotted and stored on newborn screening (NBS) filter paper cards. DNA was isolated from NBS cards, and PWS testing performed using DNA methylation‐specific PCR (mPCR) and the methylation specific‐multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) chromosome 15 probe kit followed by DNA fragment analysis for methylation and copy number status. DNA extraction was successful in 30 of 34 PWS patients and 16 controls. PWS methylation testing was able to correctly identify all PWS patients and MS‐MLPA was able to differentiate between 15q11‐q13 deletion and non‐deletion status and correctly identify deletion subtype (i.e., larger Type I or smaller Type II). mPCR can be used to diagnose PWS and MS‐MLPA testing to determine both methylation status as well as the type of deletion or non‐deletion status from DNA extracted from NBS filter paper. We propose that PWS testing in newborns is possible and could be included in the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel after establishing a validated cost‐effective method.
Corrosion inhibition performance of threonine‐modified polyaspartic acid for carbon steel in simulated cooling water
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Wang Cai , Han Jian , Hu Baisong , Wang Chongbin , Zhong Yunlong , Xu Hao 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTGreen polymers as corrosion inhibitors are gradually used to protect metal in solution environment. A polyaspartic acid threonine derivative (PASP‐Thr) was synthesized and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The corrosion inhibition effect of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and PASP‐Thr on carbon steel in simulated cooling water was investigated by weight loss tests and electrochemical measurements. Experimental results show PASP‐Thr as a mixed‐type inhibitor exhibits higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than PASP, and the inhibition efficiency of PASP‐Thr reached 93.06% at the dosage was 200 mg L−1. The carbon steel surface in different situations was analyzed using atomic force microscope, scanning electronic microscope/energy dispersive X‐ray, and FTIR, demonstrates the formation of a protective film on carbon steel surface. The inhibition effect of PASP‐Thr was primarily attributed to the protective film formed on steel surface by physical and chemical adsorption. Moreover, quantum chemical calculation elaborated the relationship between the inhibition efficiency and the PASP‐Thr molecular structure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47242.
Hot air aging behavior of polypropylene random copolymers
Authors: Grabmann Michael K. , Wallner Gernot M. , Maringer Leila , Buchberger Wolfgang , Nitsche David 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the global aging behavior of three polypropylene random copolymer (PP‐R) materials with varying primary structure and morphology. Hot air aging experiments at elevated temperatures from 95 to 135 °C were carried out using micro‐sized specimens with a thickness of 100 μm. Technological and analytical aging indicators were monitored for an exposure time of up to 750 days. Independent of comonomer type (ethylene vs. butylene) and morphology (α vs. β crystal form) a critical molar mass of 300 kg mol−1 was obtained. The consumption of antioxidants was slower for the β‐nucleated PP‐R grade with finer spherulitic structure. The β‐grade outperformed the α‐crystal PP‐R grades resulting in about 20% higher time‐to‐embrittlement values. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47350.
Continuously Variable Regulation of the Speed of Bubble‐Propelled Janus Microcapsule Motors Based on Salt‐Responsive Polyelectrolyte Brushes
Authors: Ji Yuxing , Lin Xiankun , Wang Daolin , Zhou Chang , Wu Yingjie , He Qiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe engineering of self‐propelled micro‐/nanomotors (MNMs) with continuously variable speeds, akin to macroscopic automobiles equipped with a continuously variable transmission, is still a huge challenge. Herein, after grafting with salt‐responsive poly[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC) brushes, bubble‐propelled Janus microcapsule motors with polyelectrolyte multilayers exhibited adjustable speeds when the type and concentration of the counterion was changed. Reversible switching between low‐ and high‐speed states was achieved by modulating the PMETAC brushes between hydrophobic and hydrophilic configurations by ion exchange with ClO4− and polyphosphate anions. This continuously variable regulation enabled control of the speed in an accurate and predictable manner and an autonomous response to the local chemical environment. This study suggests that the integration of polymer brushes with precisely adjustable responsiveness offers a promising route for motion control of smart MNMs that act like their counterparts in living systems.
Gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in youth with autism
Authors: Antezana Ligia , Factor Reina S. , Condy Emma E. , Strege Marlene V. , Scarpa Angela , Richey John A. 
Published: December 2018

Previous work has found gender differences in restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBI) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Compared to girls, affected boys have increased stereotyped and restricted behaviors; however much less is known about gender differences in other areas of RRBI. This study aims to identify whether specific RRBI (i.e., stereotyped, self‐injurious, compulsive, insistence on sameness, ritualistic, and restricted), as measured by item‐level data on the Repetitive Behavior Scale‐Revised (RBS‐R), can distinguish girls from boys with ASD. Participants included 615 individuals with ASD (507 boys; 82.4%), ages 3–18 years of age (M = 10.26, SD = 4.20), who agreed to share data with the National Database for Autism Research (NDAR). Multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used to determine whether item‐level RBS‐R data could correctly classify cases by gender. DFA results suggest that RBS‐R items significantly differentiate gender. Strongly differentiating RBS‐R items had greater success in correctly classifying affected boys (67.90%) than girls (61.00%). Items that best‐discriminated gender were heightened stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests items in boys and compulsive, sameness, restricted, and self‐injurious behavior items in girls. This study is the first to find that girls with ASD may have increased compulsive, sameness, and restricted RRBI compared to boys. Additionally, findings support heightened self‐injurious behaviors in affected girls. Future research should disentangle whether elevated rates of RRBI in girls are central to the presentation of ASD in girls or an epiphenomenon of the high rates of co‐occurring disorders (e.g., anxiety) noted in girls. Autism Res 2019, 12: 274–283 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study is the first to examine a comprehensive measure of repetitive behavior in children with autism, with findings of increased compulsive, insistence on sameness, and self‐injurious behavior characterizing girls and increased stereotyped and restricted behavior characterizing boys. Future research should determine whether these elevated behaviors in girls are directly part of the autism presentation in girls or symptoms of co‐occurring psychopathology. It is important for autism diagnostic measures to best capture the types of repetitive behavior girls may demonstrate.
PAC1R Genotype to Phenotype Correlations in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Goodrich Meredith , Armour Anna Chelsea , Panchapakesan Karuna , You Xiaozhen , Devaney Joseph , Knoblach Susan , Sullivan Catherine A.W. , Herrero Maria Jesus , Gupta Abha R. , Vaidya Chandan J. , Kenworthy Lauren , Corbin Joshua G. 
Published: December 2018

Amygdala dysfunction has been implicated in numerous neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies in mice and humans, respectively, have linked Pac1r/PAC1R function to social behavior and PTSD‐susceptibility. Based on this connection to social and emotional processing and the central role played by the amygdala in ASD, we examined a putative role for PAC1R in social deficits in ASD and determined the pattern of gene expression in the developing mouse and human amygdala. We reveal that Pac1r/PAC1R is expressed in both mouse and human amygdala from mid‐neurogenesis through early postnatal stages, critical time points when altered brain trajectories are hypothesized to unfold in ASD. We further find that parents of autistic children carrying a previously identified PTSD‐risk genotype (CC) report greater reciprocal social deficits compared to those carrying the non‐risk GC genotype. Additionally, by exploring resting‐state functional connectivity differences in a subsample of the larger behavioral sample, we find higher functional connectivity between the amygdala and right middle temporal gyrus in individuals with the CC risk genotype. Thus, using multimodal approaches, our data reveal that the amygdala‐expressed PAC1R gene may be linked to severity of ASD social phenotype and possible alterations in brain connectivity, therefore potentially acting as a modifier of amygdala‐related phenotypes. Autism Res 2019, 12: 200–211 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this multimodal study across mouse and human, we examined expression patterns of Pac1r/PAC1R, a gene implicated in social behavior, and further explored whether a previously identified human PTSD‐linked mutation in PAC1R can predict brain connectivity and social deficits in ASD. We find that PAC1R is highly expressed in the both the mouse and human amygdala. Furthermore, our human data suggest that PAC1R genotype is linked to severity of social deficits and functional amygdala connectivity in ASD.
Carbon with Surface‐Enriched Nitrogen and Sulfur Supported Au Catalysts for Acetylene Hydrochlorination
Authors: Wang Bolin , Zhao Jia , Yue Yuxue , Sheng Gangfeng , Lai Huixia , Rui Jiayao , He Haihua , Hu Zhong‐ting , Feng Feng , Zhang Qunfeng , Guo Lingling , Li Xiaonian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbons supported gold catalysts has attracted much attention in a broad range of applications. However, co‐existence of multiple nitrogen species which may have vastly different effect on the gold‐based catalysts, has limited the development of an ideal nitrogen‐doped carbon support. Herein, we have demonstrated that by addition of sulfur species, selective formation of pyrrolic nitrogen against pyridinic nitrogen can be achieved for pyrrolic nitrogen doped carbon support. The gold catalysts synthesized from the pyrrolic nitrogen doped carbon support produced using ionic liquid‐assisted synthetic strategy (Au/N, S‐AC‐700), exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stability for hydrochlorination of acetylene. The outstanding performance was attributed to the π electrons transferred from pyrrolic nitrogen to Au (III) center, which could increase the electron density of Au hence facilitate the adsorption of hydrogen chloride on the catalyst.
Fe/Fe2O3@N‐dopped Porous Carbon: A High‐Performance Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Yun Ruirui , Hong Lirui , Ma Wanjiao , Jia Weiguo , Liu Shoujie , Zheng Baishu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein, we designed and prepared a novel Fe/Fe2O3‐based catalyst, in which a remarkable synergistic effect has been revealed between Fe and Fe2O3 encapsulated in N‐doping porous carbon. The Fe‐based catalysts were fabricated via pyrolysis a mixture of MIL‐101(Fe) and melamine. The catalyst exhibits exceptionally high catalytic activity (TOFs up to 8898 h−1 which is about 100 times higher than the similar kinds of catalysts) and chemoselectivity for nitroarene reduction under mild conditions.