bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effect of Different Doses of Vitamine D3 in Diabetic-Induced Alzheimer Rat Model
Authors: Al-Zahrani Yahya A. , A. Sattar Mai A. Alim , Al-Harthi Sameer E. , Alkreathy Huda. M. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Many studies revealed that diabetes is an independent risk factor for developing cognitive dysfunction, and Alzheimer. During diabetes, overexpression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta could lead to Aβ accumulation and neuronal death.
Aim: To examine the neuroprotective effect of different doses of vitamin D3 against diabetic-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Moreover, possible underlying mechanisms were also investigated.
Methods: High-fat diet plus streptozotocin were used to induce diabetes in Westar rats. We sub-grouped the diabetic rats into six subgroups, positive control, vitamin D3 groups (100, 500 and 1000 IU/kg/day), vitamin D3 plus rivastigmine, and rivastigmine monotherapy. After the induction of diabetes, we started treatment for sixteen months. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate cognitive function, followed by estimation of beta-amyloid-42, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β levels in the hippocampus by ELIZA kits.
Results: Vitamin D3 treatment significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently mitigated cognitive deficits observed in Morris water maze test, with significant, suppresses in beta-amyloid-42 and nitric oxide synthase pathway via attenuated hippocampal inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide overproduction (p<0.05). Moreover, vitamin D3 decreased inflammation state of diabetic rats brains by significantly lowered (p<0.05) pro-inflammatory cytokines levels including, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β as an underlying mechanism for the resulted improvement.
Conclusion: The results of this research suggest that upregulation of nitric oxide synthase pathway along with the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines is critically involved in cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes. Vitamin D3 can ameliorate these effects and has a promising neuroprotective effect in diabetic-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Health Effects of Charcoal Production as Perceived by the Rural Dwellers in Rainforest and Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological Zones of Nigeria
Authors: Stella O. Odebode, , Philip O. Eniola, 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The aim of this study is to access the health effects of charcoal production (CP) as perceived by the rural dwellers in the study area.
Study Design: Survey study. Relevant quantitative data on charcoal production were used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Rainforest (RF) and Guinea savannah (GS) zones of Nigeria between 14th February 2012 and 1st November 2013.
Methodology: Multiple stage sampling procedure was used to select a sample of 83 and 85 charcoal producers in the Rainforest and Guinea savannah zones respectively. Structured interview schedule data collected and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study noted that the modal ages of respondents were within the same age-range of between 35 and 44 years. Male respondents were 88.0% and 90.5% from RF and GS respectively. Respondents (59.0%) in RF zone had primary school leaving certificate, while, about 30.6% in the GS attended Koranic School. Eleven was the mean years of experience for CP in the RF zone and 14 years for the GS zones. Hundred percent of the respondents used ancient earth mound method of CP and the respondents (36.1%.) from the RF zone had annual output of more than 128,000kg. Respondents perceived that CP may lead to skin and respiratory tract irritation/infection (72.3%, 57.6%.); CP may cause cut, crush and laceration of hand (78.3%, 69.4%.); burns (90.0%, 49.4%.); back and muscle pains (73.5, 70.6%.) and CP may lead to body wounds (73.5%, 58.5%.) in RF and GS zones respectively. Majority (84.7%) in GS and 84.3%. in RF perceived that CP had negative effects on the health status of rural dwellers. Significant difference was predicted in the health status of charcoal producers between the agro-ecological zones (F=3.124). There is the need for awareness campaign on health consequences of CP.
Chirality‐Controlled Multiphoton Luminescence and Second‐Harmonic Generation from Enantiomeric Organic Micro‐Optical Waveguides
Authors: Mitetelo Nikolai , Venkatakrishnarao Dasari , Ravi Jada , Popov Mikhail , Mamonov Evgeniy , Murzina Tatiana V. , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProduction of chiral light and its manipulation down to nanolevel is a very challenging endeavor in the area of nanophotonics. In this work, the above demanding requirements are realized explicitly in two R‐ and S‐type chiral organic optical waveguides which are self‐assembled from charge‐transfer type axially chiral enantiomeric molecules. These enantiomerically pure micro‐optical waveguides generate one‐, two‐, three‐photon pumped optical emissions. Remarkably, these waveguides also demonstrate pronounced circular dichroism effects in the nonlinear optical (NLO) emission which is very useful to produce molecular chirality information encoded NLO photonic structures.
Catalyst‐Controlled Chemodivergent Annulation to Indolo/Pyrrolo‐Fused Diazepine and Quinoxaline
Authors: Dhole Sandip , Chiu Wei‐Jung , Sun Chung‐Ming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCatalyst‐controlled chemodivergent annulation between o‐indolo anilines and diazo compounds has explored for the synthesis of indolo‐fused diazepine and quinoxaline. Under the Rh(III) catalyst, reaction proceeded through the free amine assisted C2−H activation followed by amidation leading to the diazepino[1,7‐a]indole in a highly selective manner. While with Ru(II) catalyst, reaction involves formation Ru−carbene complex followed by −NH2 group insertion and cascade cyclization via metallo‐ene type reaction, β‐hydride elimination to furnish the indolo[1,2‐a]quinoxaline as the predominating product. This strategy directs modular approach towards the construction of unique indolo‐fused diazepine/quinoxaline as well as pyrrolo‐fused diazepine/quinoxaline scaffolds in excellent yields.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Triple Cyclization of 2,7‐Alkadiynylic Carbonates with 2‐Butyne‐1,4‐diol or 2‐Butyne‐1,4‐disulfonamides
Authors: Song Yulong , Wu Wangteng , Fu Chunling , Huang Xin , Ma Shengming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed highly E‐selective triple cyclization of 2,7‐alkadiynylic carbonates with 2‐butyne‐1,4‐diol or 2‐butyne‐1,4‐disulfonamides to construct different tricycles such as 6,8‐dihydrobenzo[1,2‐c:3,4‐c′]difuran‐1(3H)‐one and 1,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐furo[3,4‐e]isoindol‐8‐one derivatives has been reported. The alkene group produced and the nucleophilic unit kept in the product provide further opportunity to construct more complicated polycycles. The control experiments showed that the reaction mainly go through an intermolecular insertion of the alkynes before the lactonization or lactamization.magnified image
Hierarchical Co3O4 Nano‐Micro Arrays Featuring Superior Activity as Cathode in a Flexible and Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Zhong Yaotang , Pan Zhenghui , Wang Xianshu , Yang Jie , Qiu Yongcai , Xu Shuyuan , Lu Yitong , Huang Qiming , Li Weishan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAll‐solid‐state zinc–air batteries are characterized as low cost and have high energy density, providing wearable devices with an ideal power source. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in air cathodes are obstacles to its flexible and rechargeable application. Herein, a strategy called MOF‐on‐MOF (MOF, metal‐organic framework) is presented for the structural design of air cathodes, which creatively develops an efficient oxygen catalyst comprising hierarchical Co3O4 nanoparticles anchored in nitrogen‐doped carbon nano‐micro arrays on flexible carbon cloth (Co3O4@N‐CNMAs/CC). This hierarchical and free‐standing structure design guarantees high catalyst loading on air cathodes with multiple electrocatalytic activity sites, undoubtedly boosting reaction kinetics, and energy density of an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery. The integrated Co3O4@N‐CNMAs/CC cathode in an all‐solid‐state zinc–air battery exhibits a high open circuit potential of 1.461 V, a high capacity of 815 mAh g−1 Zn at 1 mA cm−2, a high energy density of 1010 Wh kg−1 Zn, excellent cycling stability as well as outstanding mechanical flexibility, significantly outperforming the Pt/C‐based cathode. This work opens a new door for the practical applications of rechargeable zinc–air batteries in wearable electronic devices.
Heteroatom‐Doped Mesoporous Hollow Carbon Spheres for Fast Sodium Storage with an Ultralong Cycle Life
Authors: Ni Dan , Sun Wang , Wang Zhenhua , Bai Yu , Lei Hongshuai , Lai Xinhua , Sun Kening 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbon materials have attracted significant attention as anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Developing a carbon anode with long‐term cycling stability under ultrahigh rate is essential for practical application of SIBs in energy storage systems. Herein, sulfur and nitrogen codoped mesoporous hollow carbon spheres are developed, exhibiting high rate performance of 144 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1, and excellent cycling durability under ultrahigh current density. Interestingly, during 7000 cycles at a current density of 20 A g−1, the capacity of the electrode gradually increases to 180 mA h g−1. The mechanisms for the superior electrochemical performance and capacity improvement of the cells are studied by electrochemical tests, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman analysis of fresh and cycled electrodes. The unique and robust structure of the material can enhance transport kinetics of electrons and sodium ions, and maintain fast sodium storage from the capacitive process under high rate. The self‐rearrangement of the carbon structure, induced by continuous discharge and charge, lead to the capacity improvement with cycles. These results demonstrate a new avenue to design advanced anode materials for SIBs.
Prognostic factors of radiofrequency ablation therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Chun‐Hsien , Liang Chih‐Ming , Lu Chien‐Chang , Liu Yueh‐Wei , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Hung Chao‐Hung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the prognostic factors in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Between 2008 and 2013, 52 patients (males 34, mean age: 63 years) with colorectal liver metastases treated with either percutaneous RFA (n = 33) or intraoperative RFA plus resection (n = 19) were enrolled. Cumulative incidence of new recurrence was estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The prognostic relevance of clinical variables and recurrence or survival were evaluated using the log‐rank test and multivariate Cox's regression analysis, respectively. Primary technical success was achieved in 45 (87%) of the cases. There were no procedure‐related deaths. Multinodularity (>3) (P = 0.001) predicted higher incidence of developing new recurrence after RFA. Overall 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival from RFA was 87%, 61%, and 46%, respectively. Factors associated with overall mortality were age younger than 60 years (P = 0.036), extrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.003), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level ≥10 ng/mL before RFA (P = 0.011). Multivariate Cox's regression analysis showed that young age (<60 years) and high CEA level (≥10 ng/mL) were independent factors associated with overall survival. RFA for colorectal liver metastases is an effective treatment option. Young age and high CEA level predicted poorer outcomes after RFA.
Endoscopic resection for superficial hypopharyngeal/laryngeal cancer and clinical pathway options
Authors: Huang Wei‐Chen , Cheng Li‐Hsiang , Huang Tien‐Yu , Shih Yu‐Lueng , Chang Wei‐Kuo , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Chen Peng‐Jen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA 57‐year‐old male suffered from a metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and refused surgical intervention. Instead, the patient opted for endoscopic mucosal resection with a cap‐fitted endoscope, a delicate procedure of endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap‐fitted endoscope, to effectively treat his small supraglottic cancer. A 3‐year follow up demonstrated no signs of tumor recurrence.
Stabilization of Formate Dehydrogenase in a Metal–Organic Framework for Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Chen Yijing , Li Peng , Noh Hyunho , Kung Chung‐Wei , Buru Cassandra T. , Wang Xingjie , Zhang Xuan , Farha Omar K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe efficient fixation of excess CO2 from the atmosphere to yield value‐added chemicals remains crucial in response to the increasing levels of carbon emission. Coupling enzymatic reactions with electrochemical regeneration of cofactors is a promising technique for fixing CO2, while producing biomass which can be further transformed into biofuels. Herein, a bioelectrocatalytic system was established by depositing crystallites of a mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF), termed NU‐1006, containing formate dehydrogenase, on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass electrode modified with Cp*Rh(2,2′‐bipyridyl‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid)Cl2 complex. This system converts CO2 into formic acid at a rate of 79±3.4 mm h−1 with electrochemical regeneration of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor. The MOF–enzyme composite exhibited significantly higher catalyst stability when subjected to non‐native conditions compared to the free enzyme, doubling the formic acid yield.
Nanohoop Rotaxanes from Active Metal Template Syntheses and Their Potential in Sensing Applications
Authors: Van Raden Jeff M. , White Brittany M. , Zakharov Lev N. , Jasti Ramesh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe unique optoelectronic properties and smooth, rigid pores of macrocycles with radially oriented π systems render them fascinating candidates for the design of novel mechanically interlocked molecules with new properties. Two high‐yielding strategies are used to prepare nanohoop [2]rotaxanes, which owing to the π‐rich macrocycle are highly emissive. Then, metal coordination, an intrinsic property afforded by the resulting mechanical bond, can lead to molecular shuttling as well as modulate the observed fluorescence in both organic and aqueous conditions. Inspired by these findings, a self‐immolative [2]rotaxane was then designed that self‐destructs in the presence of an analyte, eliciting a strong fluorescent turn‐on response, serving as proof‐of‐concept for a new type of molecular sensing material. More broadly, this work highlights the conceptual advantages of combining compact π‐rich macrocyclic frameworks with mechanical bonds formed via active‐template syntheses.
Significant Polar Comonomer Enchainment in Zirconium‐Catalyzed, Masking Reagent‐Free, Ethylene Copolymerizations
Authors: Chen Jiazhen , Motta Alessandro , Wang Binghao , Gao Yanshan , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn principal, the direct copolymerization of ethylene with polar comonomers should be the most efficient means to introduce functional groups into conventional polyolefins but remains a formidable challenge. Despite the tremendous advances in group 4‐centered catalysis for olefin polymerization, successful examples of ethylene + polar monomer copolymerization are rare, especially without Lewis acidic masking reagents. Here we report that certain group 4 catalysts are very effective for ethylene + CH2=CH(CH2)nNR2 copolymerizations with activities up to 3400 Kg copolymer mol−1‐Zr h‐1 atm‐1, and with comonomer enchainment up to 5.5 mol % in the absence of masking reagents. Group 4 catalyst‐amino‐olefin structure–activity‐selectivity relationships reflect the preference of olefin activation over free amine coordination, which is supported by mechanistic experiments and DFT analysis. These results illuminate poorly understood facets of d0 metal‐catalyzed polar olefin monomer copolymerization processes.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of a Metal–Organic Framework Boosts Thermodynamic and Kinetic Propylene/Propane Selectivity
Authors: Wang Yu , Huang Ning‐Yu , Zhang Xue‐Wen , He Hai , Huang Rui‐Kang , Ye Zi‐Ming , Li Yang , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Liao Pei‐Qin , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Jie‐Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEfficient adsorptive separation of propylene/propane (C3H6/C3H8) is highly desired and challenging. Known strategies focus on either the thermodynamic or the kinetic mechanism. Here, we report an interesting reactivity of a metal–organic framework that improves thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption selectivity simultaneously. When the metal–organic framework is heated under oxygen flow, half of the soft methylene bridges of the organic ligands are selectively oxidized to form the more polar and rigid carbonyl bridges. Mixture breakthrough experiments showed drastic increase of C3H6/C3H8 selectivity from 1.5 to 15. For comparison, the C3H6/C3H8 selectivities of the best‐performing metal–organic frameworks Co‐MOF‐74 and KAUST‐7 were experimentally determined to be 6.5 and 12, respectively. Gas adsorption isotherms/kinetics, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and computational simulations revealed that the oxidation gives additional guest recognition sites, which improve thermodynamic selectivity, and reduces the framework flexibility, which generate kinetic selectivity.
High‐Throughput Approaches in Carbohydrate‐Active Enzymology: Glycosidase and Glycosyl Transferase Inhibitors, Evolution, and Discovery
Authors: Chao Lemeng , Jongkees Seino 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbohydrates are attached and removed in living systems through the action of carbohydrate‐active enzymes such as glycosyl transferases and glycoside hydrolases. The molecules resulting from these enzymes have many important roles in organisms, such as cellular communication, structural support, and energy metabolism. In general, each carbohydrate transformation requires a separate catalyst, and so these enzyme families are extremely diverse. To make this diversity manageable, high‐throughput approaches look at many enzymes at once. Similarly, high‐throughput approaches can be a powerful way of finding inhibitors that can be used to tune the reactivity of these enzymes, either in an industrial, a laboratory, or a medicinal setting. In this review, we provide an overview of how these enzymes and inhibitors can be sought using techniques such as high‐throughput natural product and combinatorial library screening, phage and mRNA display of (glyco)peptides, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, and metagenomics.
Generation and EPR Spectroscopy of the First Silenyl Radicals, R2C=Si.−R: Experiment and Theory
Authors: Pinchuk Daniel , Kratish Yosi , Mathew Jomon , Zborovsky Lieby , Bravo‐Zhivotovskii Dmitry , Tumanskii Boris , Apeloig Yitzhak 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe first two persistent silenyl radicals (R2C=Si.−R), with a half‐life (t1/2) of about 30 min, were generated and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The large hyperfine coupling constants (hfccs) (a(29Siα)=137.5–148.0 G) indicate that the unpaired electron has substantial s character. DFT calculations, which are in good agreement with the experimentally observed hfccs, predict a strongly bent structure (∡C=Si−R=134.7–140.7°). In contrast, the analogous vinyl radical, R2C=C.−R (t1/2≈3 h), exhibits a small hfcc (a(13Cα)=26.6 G) and has a nearly linear geometry (∡C=C−R=168.7°).
A BODIPY‐Based Donor/Donor–Acceptor System: Towards Highly Efficient Long‐Wavelength‐Excitable Near‐IR Polymer Dots with Narrow and Strong Absorption Features
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Dandan , Jiang Yifei , Zhang Jicheng , Yu Jiangbo , DuFort Christopher C. , Hingorani Sunil R. , Zhang Xuanjun , Wu Changfeng , Chiu Daniel T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBright long‐wavelength‐excitable semiconducting polymer dots (LWE‐Pdots) are highly desirable for in vivo imaging and multiplexed in vitro bioassays. LWE‐Pdots have been obtained by incorporating a near‐infrared (NIR) emitter into the backbone of a polymer host to develop a binary donor–acceptor (D–A) system. However, they usually suffer from severe concentration quenching and a trade‐off between fluorescence quantum yield (Φf) and absorption cross‐section (σ). Herein, we describe a ternary component (D1/D2–A) strategy to achieve ultrabright, green laser‐excitable Pdots with narrow‐band NIR emission by introducing a BODIPY‐based assistant polymer donor as D1. The D1/D2–A Pdots possess improved Φf and σ compared to corresponding binary D2–A Pdots. Their Φf is as high as 40.2 %, one of the most efficient NIR Pdots reported. The D1/D2–A Pdots show ultrahigh single‐particle brightness, 83‐fold brighter than Qdot 705 when excited by a 532 nm laser. When injected into mice, higher contrast in vivo tumor imaging was achieved using the ternary Pdots versus the binary D–A Pdots.
Large‐Scale, Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Binary Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Fei‐Long , Wang Pengtang , Huang Xiaoqing , Young David James , Wang Hui‐Fang , Braunstein Pierre , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltrathin metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (NSs) offer potential for many applications, but the synthetic strategies are largely limited to top‐down, low‐yield exfoliation methods. Herein, Ni–M–MOF (M=Fe, Al, Co, Mn, Zn, and Cd) NSs are reported with a thickness of only several atomic layers, prepared by a large‐scale, bottom‐up solvothermal method. The solvent mixture of N,N‐dimethylacetamide and water plays key role in controlling the formation of these two‐dimensional MOF NSs. The MOF NSs can be directly used as efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction, in which the Ni–Fe–MOF NSs deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 221 mV with a small Tafel slope of 56.0 mV dec−1, and exhibit excellent stability for at least 20 h without obvious activity decay. Density functional theory calculations on the energy barriers for OER occurring at different metal sites confirm that Fe is the active site for OER at Ni–Fe–MOF NSs.
MGF‐Ct24E‐modified piperazine polymer: A balance of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Maolan , Zeng Guoming , Wang Yuanliang , Zhao Zhiping 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA piperazine oligomer (PE) has been successfully synthesized via green and facile conditions. To obtain equivalent or better antimicrobial activity and smaller cytotoxicity, a mechano‐growth factor and its 24‐amino acid peptide analog corresponding to the unique C‐terminal E‐domain (MGF‐Ct24E) was introduced to the side chain of PE. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), elemental analysis, and amino acid analyzer (AAA) measurements showed that the MGF‐Ct24E‐modified piperazine polymer (PEM) was successfully prepared. The antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of PEM were further investigated. Introduction of MGF‐Ct24E resulted in equivalent or improved antibacterial properties and reduced cytotoxicity compared to PE. The resulting material may replenish the current arsenal of synthetic polymeric antibacterial systems reported. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47773.
Bacterial reproductive manipulators in rice planthoppers
Authors: Bing Xiao‐Li , Zhao Dian‐Shu , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRice planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) are notorious pests for rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia, posing a serious threat to rice production and grain security. Rice planthoppers harbor diverse bacterial symbionts, including Wolbachia, Cardinium, Spiroplasma, and Arsenophonus, which are known to manipulate reproduction in arthropod hosts. This microreview is to introduce current knowledge of bacterial reproductive manipulators in rice planthoppers, including their diversity, population dynamics, localization, transmission, and biological functions.