bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro antimicrobial activity against Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella elegans biofilms
Authors: Gonzalez Moreno Mercedes , Wang Lei , De Masi Margherita , Winkler Tobias , Trampuz Andrej , Di Luca Mariagrazia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the efficacy of different antibiotics (alone or in combination) against Abiotrophia defectiva and Granulicatella elegans biofilms and to investigate the anti-biofilm activity of gentamicin alone versus blood culture isolates from both species.

Methods
The activity of benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, daptomycin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin and rifampicin against 24-hour-old biofilms of A. defectiva and G. elegans was investigated in vitro by conventional microbiological methods and isothermal microcalorimetry.

Results
For planktonic bacteria, the MIC values of tested antibiotics ranged from 0.016 to 64 mg/L, as determined by microcalorimetry. Higher antibiotic concentrations, ranging from 1 to >1024 mg/L, were needed to produce an effect on biofilm bacteria. Gentamicin was an exception as it was active at 1 mg/L against both planktonic and biofilm G. elegans. A synergistic effect was observed when daptomycin was combined with benzylpenicillin, gentamicin or rifampicin against A. defectiva biofilms and when gentamicin was combined with rifampicin or levofloxacin against G. elegans biofilms. A. defectiva clinical isolates displayed greater variability in gentamicin susceptibility as compared with G. elegans strains.

Conclusions
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles vary widely between Abiotrophia and Granulicatella biofilms, and synergistic effects of the tested antibiotics were heterogeneous. The clinical relevance of these in vitro observations needs to be confirmed in experimental in vivo conditions and human trials, before guidelines for the treatment of A. defectiva and G. elegans infections are established. This study suggests the benefit of further clinical exploration of antibiotic combinations with anti-biofilm effect.
Determination of Selected Opiates in Hair Samples Using Microextraction by Packed Sorbent: A New Approach for Sample Clean-up
Authors: Rosado Tiago , Barroso Mário , Vieira Duarte Nuno , Gallardo Eugenia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this article the development and validation of an analytical method using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) to determine tramadol (TRM), codeine (COD), morphine (MOR), 6-acetylcodeine (6-AC), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and fentanyl (FNT) in hair samples by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS-MS) is presented. The MEPS used a mixed mode sorbent, and the steps for sample cleanup were conditioning (three cycles of 250 μL of methanol and three cycles of 250 μL formic acid 2%); sample load (15 cycles of 150 μL); wash (150 μL of 3.36% formic acid); and elution (eight cycles of 100 μL of ammonium hydroxide 2.36% (in methanol)). Linearity was obtained from the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) up to 5 ng/mg, with all target compounds revealing determination coefficients >0.99. The LLOQs achieved were 0.01 ng/mg for TRM, COD and 6-AC, and 0.025 ng/mg for MOR, 6-MAM and FNT. The recoveries ranged from 74 to 90% (TRM), 51 to 59% (COD), 22 to 36% (MOR), 69 to 99% (6-AC), 53 to 61% (6-MAM) and 75 to 86% (FNT). Precision and accuracy revealed coefficients of variation typically below 15% and relative errors within a ±15% interval, respectively. This new approach has proven to be an excellent alternative to classic procedures, reducing the volumes of organic solvents required.
Outcomes of Early Use of an End of Range Axilla Orthotic in Children Following Burn Injury
Authors: Thomas Rhianydd , Wicks Stephanie , Toose Claire , Pacey Verity 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Scar contracture is a significant complication of burn injury. This study aimed to describe outcomes of early axilla orthotic use at end of range abduction in children, following a burn to the axilla region. A retrospective review of 76 children (mean age 3.9 years [SD 3.6]) treated at a tertiary children’s hospital from 2006 to 2016 was conducted. No child developed axilla contracture for the duration of the 2-year study follow-up with no adverse events recorded. If orthotic use was ceased <60 days post-burn, it was considered not an essential intervention to maintain range of movement, leaving 49 children using the orthotic ≥60 days. Compared with the children who ceased orthotic use in <60 days, children who required the orthotic ≥60 days had a significantly higher frequency of deep-dermal burn (59 vs 25%, p = .01), flame mechanism (25 vs 5%, p = .03), and burn injury distribution involving the anterior trunk, flank, and arm (18 vs 3%, p = .03). Early signs of contracture, considered loss of full axilla range or significant banding, developed in nine children within 3 months post-burn. With intensive therapy, all returned to full axilla range by 9 months post-burn. Children with skin tension at end of range shoulder movement at the 1-month clinical assessment were 11 times more likely to develop early signs of contracture (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–62.1, p = .007). Intensive orthotic use at end of range shoulder abduction in children with axilla burns is well tolerated. When undertaken with ongoing therapist review, full axilla range can be maintained.
Practical Sampling Plan for Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Tomato Crops
Authors: Lopes Mayara C , Ribeiro Arthur V , Costa Thiago L , Arcanjo Lucas de P , Farias Elizeu S , Santos Abraão A , Ramos Rodrigo S , De Araújo Tamíris A , Picanço Marcelo C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), is an important pest of tomato crops worldwide. Conventional sampling plans are the starting point for the development of pest control decision-making. The present study aimed to develop a conventional sampling plan for L. huidobrensis during the vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). The best sampling unit for vegetative and reproductive stages of tomato crops was determined. The frequency distributions of L. huidobrensis densities in tomato crops were assessed, and the ideal number of samples to constitute the sampling plan was determined. The basal leaf of the middle section of the plant canopy was the best plant part for sampling. Pea leafminer densities were fitted to the negative binomial distribution with a common aggregation parameter (Kcommon = 0.7289) that represents all tomato fields. The sampling plan consists of 73 samples per field, irrespective of field size (1, 5, or 10 ha). Evaluations using this sampling plan were performed in 47 min, 1 h 9 min, and 1 h 25 min at a cost of US$1.74, US$2.54, and US$3.12 per sampling in fields of 1, 5, and 10 ha, respectively. The sampling plan developed in this study may lead to more well-informed decision-making for controlling L. huidobrensis in tomato fields up to 10 ha. Additionally, it is inexpensive (up to US$3.12 per sampling area), fast (up to 1 h 25 min per sampling area), and practical (it can be used in tomato crops at the vegetative and reproductive stages).
Determining Temperature-Dependent Development and Mortality Parameters of the Swede Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Liu Jenny , Mori Boyd A , Olfert Owen , Hallett Rebecca H 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer) is an invasive insect in North America whose feeding has caused a decline of over 60% of total canola acreage in Ontario, Canada since 2011. Temperature-dependent development and mortality information are important to develop an effective pest management strategy for this insect; as the most comprehensive study on C. nasturtii development was completed on populations from the United Kingdom in the 1960s, new geographically relevant information is needed. Contarinia nasturtii eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults were reared from wild populations collected from Elora, Ontario, and allowed to develop at different temperatures. Resulting development rates were fit to a series of growth models and the model with the best relative goodness-of-fit was selected to represent the given life stage. Eggs from Ontario populations developed more quickly than their UK counterparts at temperatures below approximately 17°C, but more slowly at temperatures above 17°C. The same phenomenon was observed in larvae at 20°C. Pupae from both populations had similar development rates, and adult longevity was similar as well. This information will inform the management of C. nasturtii, and may help prevent its spread to other canola-producing regions of North America.
Perinephric invasion as a prognostic factor in non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma: analysis of a nation-wide registry program
Authors: Kume Haruki , Homma Yukio , Shinohara Nobuo , Obara Wataru , Kondo Tsunenori , Kimura Go , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Nonomura Norio , Hongo Fumiya , Sugiyama Takayuki , Takahashi Masayuki , Kanayama Hiro-omi , Fukumori Tomoharu , Eto Masatoshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Perinephric fat invasion (PFI) of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to be associated with adverse pathological features and poor prognosis. We analyzed these associations using a sub-group of the RCC registry of The Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association.

Methods
The study cohort of 2998 non-metastatic cases was retrieved from RCC registry (3648 in total). We compared clinicopathological characteristics of cases with PFI (n = 256) and without PFI (n = 2742), and investigated the impact of PFI on cancer-specific survival using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
Compared with non-PFI cases, PFI cases were older (P = 0.003), and more likely to be hypertensive (P = 0.034) and symptomatic at presentation (P < 0.001). PFI tumors were larger (P < 0.001), and more often have sarcomatoid component (P < 0.001) and tumor thrombus (P < 0.001). Cancer-specific survival was significantly shorter in cases with PFI than without (P < 0.001). The difference in survival tended to be greater in cases with large tumors but was significant in small tumor sub-groups. Cancer-specific survival was significantly shorter in cases with both PFI and renal vein involvement (RVI) in comparison to those with PFI or RVI alone (P = 0.011, P = 0.007, respectively). On multivariate analysis PFI with and without sinus fat invasion remained as an independent risk factor along with symptom at presentation, low body mass index, hypertension, multiple tumors, large tumor size (>7.0 cm), sarcomatoid component and RVI.

Conclusions
PFI was associated with advanced age and aggressive pathological features. PFI is an independent prognostic factor in non-metastatic RCC.
Rubble and Rebirth: Postwar Rejuvenation and the Erasure of History
Authors: Honeck Mischa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article weaves together different postwar moments in the first half of the twentieth century to investigate how rejuvenationist narratives of a “fresh start” helped societies across the divides of geography and ideology to recuperate from the ravages of war. Apart from initiating boys and girls into ideologically specific and gendered regimes of citizenship, the older generation crafted reverse rites of passage to absolve themselves of responsibility for violent conflicts that had resulted in unspeakable death and suffering. Youth organizations became key sites for making young bodies useful to the dual task of regenerating war-torn nations and exonerating those whose actions had contributed to war in the first place. The need for acquitting the old was particularly pressing in light of disputes about who was to blame for the loss of young lives—disputes that often carried the tonality of ageism rather than party politics. If recapturing the innocence of youth became tantamount to deflecting questions of guilt and accountability, then bonding with youth allowed powerful men (less so women) who bore the scars of struggle to engage in deliberate acts of erasure. The disremembering of age and history endowed the ruling classes with seemingly innocuous possibilities, especially the possibility to acquire a clean slate on which to forge new collective identities within the redemptive framework of youth. Just as history is distorted by memory, rejuvenation opened up new futures while giving license to forgetting troubling pasts.
Decisions made in terror: Testing the relationship between terrorism and immigration
Authors: Cruz Erik , D’Alessio Stewart J , Stolzenberg Lisa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA contentious issue regarding immigration is the contempt that many natives hold for immigrants. Studies report that enhanced job competition, the potential for cultural misunderstandings, and security fears are salient in predicting native population discontent for immigrants. However, the threat posed by terrorism has been overlooked in prior research. Using data drawn from twenty mostly European countries and a nonlinear hierarchical modeling statistical procedure, we find that acts of terrorism are associated with a substantive decrease in the desire for outgroup immigration. No effect of terrorism on ingroup immigration is observed. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Textural Character of Gabbroic Rocks from Pito Deep: a Record of Magmatic Processes and the Genesis of the Upper Plutonic Crust at Fast-Spreading Mid-Ocean Ridges
Authors: Brown T C , Cheadle M J , John B E , Coogan L A , Gee J S , Karson J A , Swapp S M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe tectonic window at Pito Deep, in the southern Pacific Ocean, permits study of the formative processes of uppermost East Pacific Rise (EPR) gabbroic ocean crust. Here we present a detailed microstructural and crystallographic study of 17 gabbroic samples from the uppermost ∼800 m of plutonic crust exposed in the Pito Deep Rift. We integrate two- and three-dimensional measurements of crystal size, shape, spatial distribution and orientation, with petrographic observations and geochemical data to constrain the formation of fast spread gabbroic ocean crust. The shallowest samples, collected < 55 metres below the sheeted dikes (mbsd), have evolved bulk-rock compositions, elongate plagioclase crystals, a clear plagioclase shape- and crystallographic-preferred orientation, and preserve only minor amounts of intracrystalline strain. The characteristics of these rocks and their proximity to the sheeted dike complex, suggests they formed by crystallization at the lateral tip of an axial melt lens that solidified as it moved off axis. Underlying samples from 96–724 mbsd, record more primitive bulk-rock compositions, less elongate plagioclase crystals and exhibit increasing strength of both plagioclase shape- and crystallographic-preferred orientation with depth below the sheeted dikes. These samples host plagioclase crystals that show increasing intracrystalline strain with depth, suggesting magmatic to hypersolidus submagmatic flow within the mush zone beneath the axial melt lens. These observations, together with inclined-to-steeply dipping mineral layering preserved below ∼180 mbsd, are interpreted to record the downward transport of crystal-rich magma originating at the bottom of the melt lens through the uppermost kilometre of the mush zone at the EPR. The location of initial crystallization along the floor of the axial melt lens determines the magmatic processes that affect the crystal-rich magma en route to solidification as lower ocean crust.
Energy, amino acid, and phosphorus digestibility and energy prediction of thermally processed food waste sources for swine1
Authors: Fung Leonard , Urriola Pedro E , Shurson Gerald C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recycling energy and nutrients from food waste into animal feed decreases the environmental impact of food animal production. However, recycling energy and nutrients from various food waste sources into swine feeding programs is constrained by the high variability and lack of data on the digestibility of energy and nutrients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the digestibility of energy, amino acids, and phosphorus in thermally dried food waste sources fed to growing pigs and to compare in vivo determined digestibility values with those obtained from in vitro digestibility procedures and published prediction equations to determine the accuracy of using these nutritional evaluation methods. Pigs (n = 36; initial body weight = 16.37 ± 1.9 kg) were utilized to determine digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content, as well as standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of phosphorus and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in three sources of dehydrated food waste in three separate trials. Initial body weight of pigs at the beginning of each digestibility trial was used as the blocking factor in a randomized complete block design. Diets were formulated to contain 30% food waste derived from fish waste (FW), supermarket waste (containing bakery, fruits and vegetables, meat, and deli foods from a single supermarket; SMW), and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW). The DE and ME content of FW (DE = 5,057 kcal/kg; ME = 4,820 kcal/kg) and SMW (DE = 5,071 kcal/kg; ME = 4,922 kcal/kg) were not different (P &gt; 0.05), whereas FVW had the least (P &lt; 0.05) DE (2,570 kcal/kg) and ME (2,460 kcal/kg) content compared with FW and SMW. Digestibility of crude protein and amino acids was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in FW and SMW compared with FVW. The in vitro digestibility procedure can be used to approximate the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy in SMW, FW, and FVW compared with in vivo estimates, but significant error exists depending on the chemical characteristics of each food waste source. However, use of the prediction equations and digestibility data obtained from the in vitro procedure resulted in high accuracy in estimating DE content of FW (observed = 5,058 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted = 4,948 kcal/kg DM), SMW (observed = 5,071 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted 4,978 kcal/kg DM), and FVW (observed = 2,570 kcal/kg DM vs. predicted 2,814 kcal/kg DM) sources.
Evolutionary history of field mice (Murinae: Apodemus), with emphasis on morphological variation among species in China and description of a new species
Authors: Ge Deyan , Feijó Anderson , Cheng Jilong , Lu Liang , Liu Rongrong , Abramov Alexei V , Xia Lin , Wen Zhixin , Zhang Weiyong , Shi Lei , Yang Qisen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMice of the genus Apodemus are widely distributed across Eurasia. Several species of this genus are hosts of important zoonotic diseases and parasites. The evolutionary history and dispersal routes of these mice remain unclear and the distribution of these species in China was poorly explored in previous studies. We here investigate the divergence times and historical geographical evolution of Apodemus and study the taxonomy of species in China by integrating molecular and morphological data. The crown age of this genus is dated to the Late Miocene, approximately 9.84 Mya. Western and Central Asia were inferred as the most likely ancestral area of this genus. Moreover, we recognize nine living species of Apodemus in China: Apodemus uralensis, A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, A. latronum, A. peninsulae, A. draco, A. ilex, A. semotus and A. nigrus sp. nov., the last from the highlands (elevation > 1984 m) of Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou Province and Jinfo Mountain in Chongqing Province. This new species diverged from A. draco, A. semotus and A. ilex approximately 4.53 Mya. The discovery of A. nigrus highlights the importance of high mountains as refugia and ‘isolated ecological islands’ for temperate species in south-eastern China.
Depressive Symptoms Among Women With Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gambadauro Pietro , Carli Vladimir , Hadlaczky Gergö 
Published: April 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220:230–241)
Endometriosis is a complex chronic disorder defined by ectopic endometrial-like tissue. It is thought to affect 10% of reproductive-age women.
Brexanolone Injection in Postpartum Depression: Two Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trials
Authors: Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Colquhoun Helen , Riesenberg Robert , Epperson C. Neill , Deligiannidis Kristina M. , Rubinow David R. , Li Haihong , Sankoh Abdul J. , Clemson Christine , Schacterle Amy , Jonas Jeffrey , Kanes Stephen 
Published: April 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2018;392:1058–1070)
Postpartum depression effects 10% to 20% of women who give birth worldwide, and approximately 40% to 80% of cases are considered moderate to severe. The burden of this disorder is multifactorial, with financial, social, and health-related consequences for mothers and families.
Comparing the Hadlock Fetal Growth Standard to the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Racial/Ethnic Standard for the Prediction of Neonatal Morbidity and Small for Gestational Age
Authors: Blue Nathan R. , Beddow Meghan E. , Savabi Mariam , Katukuri Vivek R. , Chao Conrad R. 
Published: April 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219:474.e1–474.e12)
The fetal growth standard in widest use was published by Hadlock more than 25 years ago and was derived from a small, homogeneous cohort. In 2015, The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Study published updated standards that are specific to race/ethnicity.
Gestational Age, Health, and Educational Outcomes in Adolescents
Authors: Berry Mary J. , Foster Tim , Rowe Kate , Robertson Oliver , Robson Bridget , Pierse Nevil 
Published: April 2019

(Abstracted from Pediatrics 2018;142(5):e20181016)
Advances in perinatal medicine over the last 20 years have improved survival for preterm infants; however, with increasing survival, more information is needed about the long-term impact of preterm birth, particularly in periviable infants (gestation <25 weeks and/or birth weight <500 g). Other large cohort studies have examined the morbidity and mortality experienced by extremely preterm infants and have described increased hospital readmissions, impacts on behavior and academic performance at school, and other early childhood effects, but they have not considered the longer-term consequences or were performed during a different era of perinatal care.
Complementary Medicine, Refusal of Conventional Cancer Therapy, and Survival Among Patients With Curable Cancers
Authors: Johnson Skyler B. , Park Henry S. , Gross Cary P. , Yu James B. 
Published: April 2019

(Abstracted from JAMA Oncol 2018;4:1375–1381)
Complementary medicine (CM) refers to integration of unproven nonmedical methods with conventional therapies, whereas alternative medicine is use of unproven methods instead of conventional therapy. In the United States, complementary and alternative medicine is a multibillion-dollar industry.