bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild observation of infanticide and cannibalism by Azara’s Agouti (Dasyptocta azarae) (Mammalia: Dasyproctidae) in Paraguay
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Smith Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInfanticide is the killing of infants by conspecifics, and may be direct or indirect; and parental or non‐parental. Explanations for such behaviours range from forcing females with young back into heat, resource recycling in times of shortage and elimination of competitors. Though moderately well understood in some mammal groups, reports of infanticide in hystricomorph rodents are often contradictory and invariably based on captive observations, raising questions about the naturality of the behaviour and the conclusions derived from them. Here, we report the first wild observation of direct infanticide and cannibalism of two juvenile Azara's Agoutis Dasyptocta azarae by a group of adults in Paraguay, confirming that such behaviours also occur under natural conditions.
Implementation and assessment of a self‐ and community‐based rehabilitation programme in patients with haemophilia from Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Lobet Sébastien , Meité N’Dogomo , Koninckx Marie‐Inès , Van Overstraeten Antoine , Kamagate Amed Mama , Hermans Cédric , Lambert Catherine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn resource‐constrained countries, few patients with haemophilia (PWH) have access to clotting factor concentrates (CFC), with increased musculoskeletal (MSK) complications. Physiotherapy actively contributes to preventing MSK complications, minimizing joint damage and reducing pain.AimTo assess the impact of a 20‐week self‐ and community‐based rehabilitation (CBR) programme in Ivorian PWH.MethodsFifty participants underwent a clinical and functional baseline assessment with identification of joints' functional defects and initiation of an individualized exercise programme comprising exercises to improve strength, joint mobility and proprioception. Hemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS), 2‐minute walking test (2MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), goniometry and maximal isometric voluntary contractions using the MicroFET2 were performed at baseline (T1) and at Week 20 (T2).ResultsAt T2, there was a significant improvement in both the 2MWT and TUG tests. The HJHS total score decreased significantly from 23.6 ± 14.2 at T1 to 20.4 ± 13 at T2. A significant improvement in joint health was found in the left elbow, right knee and right ankle, with elements correlating with joint function responsible for these improvements. A strong programme adherence was observed, with 94% of participants reporting regular exercise performance and a high degree of satisfaction.ConclusionThe programme with its encouraging results is meant to be the first step towards a more ambitious project. Self‐based and CBR programmes are inexpensive and efficient treatment options designed to minimize the detrimental effects of joint and muscle bleedings, and to increase the functional independence and quality of life of PWH with limited access to CFC and physiotherapy.
Effects of oral health programmes on xerostomia in community‐dwelling elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seo Kyoungsan , Kim Han‐Na 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesWhile common in the elderly, dry mouth can negatively affect their oral health and nutritional status. Self‐administered oral care by the elderly can improve their oral health and prevent oral diseases. This study aimed to identify the content of oral health promotion programmes for community‐dwelling elderly and to determine which programmes are effective in improving oral health decreasing xerostomia in these populations.MethodsA systematic literature search and meta‐analysis was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. All available papers published in English or Korean were searched between 1 June and 13 June 2018. The relevant databases in PubMed Central, MEDLINE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Embase, as well as open dissertation and academic searches, were performed. Data were extracted from the selected studies based on PICOS, and the health outcomes of the elderly were subjected to meta‐analysis categorized by salivary secretion rates and oral health‐related quality of life (OHQoL).ResultsA total of nine studies had sufficient data for a systematic review and meta‐analysis. The intervention programmes consisted mainly of oral health promotion programmes, mouth exercises, toothbrushing and salivary massage. The meta‐analysis indicated that elderly participating in oral health programmes had significantly increased oral salivary secretion rates and OHQoL (effect sizes of 0.63 and 0.80, respectively).ConclusionsOral health promotion programmes in the elderly provide the positive effects of relieving dry mouth and improving OHQoL. This systematic review confirmed the contents and effects of the oral health promotion programmes provided to community‐dwelling elderly.
Theory and practice of rapid and safe thermal debinding in ceramic injection molding
Authors: Xie Hehan , Jiang Jie , Yang Xianfeng , He Qinglong , Zhou Zhe , Xu Xiewen , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamic process of thermal debinding was analyzed. The critical thickness of debinding was defined as the thickness at which the steps to control dynamics change from diffusion of gas products in liquid binder to diffusion or permeation in pores. Subsequently, the equation of critical thickness was deduced. The results show that the critical thickness of debinding is independent of the thickness of the green body, but mainly depends on the particle size, solid content, and binder composition. Moreover, larger particle diameter and higher solid loading will contribute to a greater critical thickness, which means that higher heating rate can be used in the initial stage of debinding. The prediction is in agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the effect of binder composition on the formation of cracks during thermal debinding was investigated by thermogravimetry combined with FTIR spectrometry (TG‐FTIR) analysis of binders and thermogravimetric curves of feedstocks. It suggests that the feedstock containing polystyrene and acrylic resin is helpful for rapid and safe thermal debinding.
Madin‐Darby canine kidney cell sialic acid receptor modulation induced by culture medium conditions: Implications for the isolation of influenza A virus
Authors: Nelson Sarah W. , Lorbach Joshua N. , Nolting Jacqueline M. , Stull Jason W. , Jackwood Daral J. , Davis Ian C. , Bowman Andrew S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe influenza A virus (IAV) binds to α‐2,3‐ and α‐2,6‐linked sialic acid (SA) receptors expressed by Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The receptor distribution may therefore be important in regulating IAV propagation. Serum‐free medium (SFM) avoids variability in conventional culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS), which can have variable composition and may contain endotoxins. However, little is known about the distribution of SA receptors on cells maintained in SFM.ObjectivesWe assessed the influence of culture media on MDCK cell SA receptor distribution along with the effect of SA receptor distribution on IAV recovery. We hypothesized that SFM would increase the proportion of α‐2,6‐linked SA receptors present and alter isolate recovery.MethodsMadin‐Darby canine kidney cells were cultured in medium containing FBS and two SFMs. Cell surface distribution of α‐2,6‐ and α‐2,3‐linked receptors was determined using flow cytometry. Recovery of swine‐ and avian‐lineage IAVs from MDCK cells maintained in each medium was quantified as TCID50.ResultsMadin‐Darby canine kidney cells cultured in UltraMDCK SFM expressed both SA receptors and supported the growth of both swine‐ and avian‐lineage IAVs. Cells maintained in other medium inconsistently expressed each receptor and the avian IAV grew to lower titers in cells cultured with FBS.ConclusionsMedium conditions altered the distribution of SA receptors present on MDCK cells and affected IAV recovery. Culture in UltraMDCK SFM resulted in cells expressing both receptors and IAVs grew to higher titers than in the other culture condition, indicating that this medium may be useful for culturing IAV from multiple species.
From uncertain boundaries to uncertain identity: Effects of entitativity threat on identity–uncertainty and emigration
Authors: Jung Jiin , Hogg Michael A. , Livingstone Andrew G. , Choi Hoon‐Seok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen people feel uncertain about their national identity, they may want to emigrate from their nation. This uncertainty can arise when people are exposed to an alternative historical narrative about their own national (ingroup) origins promoted by a neighboring nation (outgroup). Drawing on uncertainty–identity theory we propose that the conditions that promote this process would include when: (a) a revised history threatens the entitativity of national identity, (b) people identify strongly with their nation, (c) a neighboring nation is numerically large enough to transform its own view into a new shared reality, and (d) a new interpretation of history is considered credible. We conducted an experiment in the context of historical disputes between China (outgroup) and Korea (ingroup) (N = 160). We measured Korean identification and manipulated a type of identity threat (valence threat vs. entitativity threat), relative group size (not salient vs. salient), and source credibility (low vs. high). Then, we measured identity–uncertainty and emigration as dependent variables. As predicted, hierarchical regression analyses yielded a significant four‐way interaction on identity–uncertainty. Simple slopes analyses revealed that entitativity (vs. valence) threat significantly increased identity–uncertainty among high identifiers when the outgroup's relative size was salient and its view was credible. Further, the elevated identity–uncertainty strengthened intentions to emigrate from the ingroup. Implications for intergroup communications and identity validation are discussed.
Co‐mutational assessment of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) during osimertinib treatment for T790M mutant lung cancer
Authors: Xing Puyuan , Han Xiaohong , Wang Sha , Liu Yutao , Yang Sheng , Hao Xuezhi , Wang Yan , Liu Peng , Li Junling , Wang Lin , Chang Lianpeng , Guan Yanfang , Zhang Zhishang , Wu Di , Yao Jiarui , Yi Xin , Shi Yuankai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOsimertinib is designed to target the secondary resistant EGFR T790M mutant and has shown outstanding clinical efficacy. However, the prognostic prediction of osimertinib patients is a big problem in clinical practice. The resistance mechanism of osimertinib is also not fully understood. NGS and a 1021 gene capture panel were used to analyse the somatic mutation profile of thirty‐six lung adenocarcinoma patients' serial ctDNA samples. Progression‐free survival of subgroup patients is analysed. Patients harbour TP53 mutations and patients with higher TMB value in pre‐treatment samples showed a shorter PFS. Moreover, compared to CT evaluation, ctDNA changes generally correlated with treatment responses in most patients. Novel resistance mechanisms are discovered including EGFR mutations and alternative activation pathway. Our results implied a broad potential of ctDNA as an adjuvant tool in practical clinical management of NSCLC patients. ctDNA could help with clinical practice during osimertinib treatment, regarding monitoring tumour response, detecting development of heterogeneity, identifying potential resistance mechanisms, predicting treatment efficacy and patient outcome.
Theaflavin‐3,3´‐digallate increases the antibacterial activity of β‐lactam antibiotics by inhibiting metallo‐β‐lactamase activity
Authors: Teng Zihao , Guo Yan , Liu Xingqi , Zhang Jian , Niu Xiaodi , Yu Qinlei , Deng Xuming , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetallo‐β‐lactamases (MBLs) are some of the best known β‐lactamases produced by common Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens and are crucial factors in the rise of bacterial resistance against β‐lactam antibiotics. Although many types of β‐lactamase inhibitors have been successfully developed and used in clinical settings, no MBL inhibitors have been identified to date. Nitrocefin, checkerboard and time‐kill assays were used to examine the enzyme behaviour in vitro. Molecular docking calculation, molecular dynamics simulation, calculation of the binding free energy and ligand‐residue interaction decomposition were used for mechanistic research. The behaviour of the enzymes in vivo was investigated by a mouse infection experiment. We showed that theaflavin‐3,3´‐digallate (TFDG), a natural compound lacking antibacterial activities, can inhibit the hydrolysis of MBLs. In the checkerboard and time‐kill assays, we observed a synergistic effect of TFDG with β‐lactam antibiotics against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus BAA1717. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to identify the mechanism of the inhibition of MBLs by TFDG, and we observed that the hydrolysis activity of the MBLs was restricted by the binding of TFDG to Gln242 and Ser369. Furthermore, the combination of TFDG with β‐lactam antibiotics showed effective protection in a mouse Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model. These findings suggest that TFDG can effectively inhibit the hydrolysis activity of MBLs and enhance the antibacterial activity of β‐lactam antibiotics against pathogens in vitro and in vivo.
Peer‐adult network structure and suicide attempts in 38 high schools: implications for network‐informed suicide prevention
Authors: Wyman Peter A. , Pickering Trevor A. , Pisani Anthony R. , Rulison Kelly , Schmeelk‐Cone Karen , Hartley Chelsey , Gould Madelyn , Caine Eric D. , LoMurray Mark , Brown Charles Hendricks , Valente Thomas W. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundStrengthening social integration could prevent suicidal behavior. However, minimal research has examined social integration through relationship network structure. To address this important gap, we tested whether structural characteristics of school networks predict school rates of ideation and attempts.MethodsIn 38 US high schools, 10,291 students nominated close friends and trusted adults to construct social networks. We used mixed‐effects logistic regression models to test individual student networks and likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA); and linear regression models to estimate associations between school network characteristics and school rates of SI, SA, and SA among all with ideation.ResultsLower peer network integration and cohesion increased likelihood of SI and SA across individual and school‐level models. Two factors increased SA: student isolation from adults and suicidal students’ popularity and clustering. A multivariable model identified higher SA in schools where youth–adult relationships were concentrated in fewer students (B = 4.95 [1.46, 8.44]) and suicidal students had higher relative popularity versus nonsuicidal peers (B = 0.93 [0.10, 1.77]). Schools had lower SA rates when more students named the same trusted adults named by friends and many students named the same trusted adults. When adjusting for depression, violence victimization and bullying, estimates for adult network characteristics were substantially unchanged whereas some peer effects decreased.ConclusionsSchoolwide peer and youth–adult relationship patterns influence SA rates beyond individual student connections. Network characteristics associated with suicide attempts map onto three theory‐informed domains: social integration versus thwarted relational needs, group cohesion, and suicidal students’ social influence. Network interventions addressing these processes, such as maximizing youth–adult connections schoolwide and heightening influence of youth with healthy coping, could create more protective schools. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to determine how schools differentiate in network structure and clarify reciprocal dynamics between network characteristics and suicidal behavior.
Photodynamic therapy for the prevention and treatment of actinic keratosis/squamous cell carcinoma in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liew Y.C.C. , De Souza N.N.A. , Sultana R.G. , Oh C.C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolid organ transplant recipients (sOTR) are at an increased risk of developing cutaneous cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the prevention and treatment of actinic keratosis (AK)/SCC in sOTR is increasingly prescribed given the increase in solid organ transplantations performed worldwide. PDT has added advantages of superior cosmetic outcomes and good safety profile compared to conventional surgical methods and other topical therapies. We aim to evaluate the role of PDT in the prevention and treatment of AK/SCC in sOTRs. The Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE database were searched. Articles reporting PDT outcomes amongst sOTR with or without AK/SCC at baseline were selected. We classified the studies into two categories: (i) PDT as prevention measure and (ii) treatment of AK/SCC in sOTR. Primary outcome for the prevention category was 3‐year incidence of AK/SCC and complete response (CR) of lesions after PDT exposure in the treatment category. Secondary outcomes were cosmesis and adverse reaction in both categories. Pooled results were expressed as risk difference (RD) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Twelve out of 641 articles met our eligibility criteria, out of which four RCTs reported the preventive effect of AK/SCC and another five RCTs reported the treatment effect of PDT in sOTR. One RCT did not report absolute number of lesions at baseline/end of study for results to be pooled in the quantitative analysis. The remaining three studies were cohort studies reporting treatment and preventive effect of PDT in sOTR. PDT group had a lower incidence as a preventive measure with pooled RD of 0.14 (95% CI 0.08–0.19). The CR in PDT was higher in the treatment group with a pooled RD of 0.77 (95% CI 0.6–0.94) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.22–0.79) in predivided lesional areas and number of lesions, respectively. In conclusion, PDT is efficacious for prevention and treatment of AK/SCC in sOTRs.
These are not the trends you are looking for: poorly calibrated single‐pass electrofishing data can bias estimates of trends in fish abundance
Authors: Glover Ross S. , Fryer Robert J. , Soulsby Chris , Malcolm Iain A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the potential of single‐pass and timed electrofishing to assess status and trends in fish populations. However, where capture probability varies over time, there is a risk that uncalibrated electrofishing data could fail to detect, or provide biased estimates of trends. This study analysed a long‐term electrofishing dataset collected over 50 years in an intensively studied catchment where egg deposition and emigrant production declined by c. 82% and 35% over the same time. The electrofishing data were used to illustrate the effects of changing capture probability on estimated trends in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar abundance. Temporal variability in capture probability was modelled. Trends in abundance were then estimated from uncalibrated single‐pass electrofishing count data and compared with estimates from data calibrated for capture probability. The calibrated data revealed significant declines in S. salar fry (age 0) and parr (age ≥ 1) abundance. However, the trend estimates from the uncalibrated data were positively biased and not significant. Exploration of alternative (realistic) scenarios with different trends in true abundance and capture probability suggests that uncalibrated electrofishing data can provide very misleading estimates of trends. The problem is exacerbated in data where capture probability is low. It is recommended that single‐pass and timed electrofishing methods should not be used to assess trends in fish populations without regular (annual) calibration.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors‐induced neuromuscular toxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment
Authors: Psimaras Dimitri , Velasco Roser , Birzu Cristina , Tamburin Stefano , Lustberg Maryam , Bruna Jordi , Argyriou Andreas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used and are becoming the standard of care in the treatment of various tumor types. Despite the favorable results in terms of oncological outcomes, these treatments have been associated with a variety of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Neurological irAEs are rare but potentially severe. Neuromuscular disorders represent the most common neurological irAEs following anti‐PD‐1, anti‐PD‐L1, and anti‐CTLA‐4 treatment, and include myositis, myasthenia gravis, and demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Instrumental findings may differ from typical neuromuscular disorders occurring outside ICIs treatment. Despite initial severity, neurological irAEs often respond to immune‐modulating therapies. Prompt irAEs diagnosis, ICIs discontinuation, and early treatment with corticosteroids, together with patient education and a multi‐disciplinary approach, are important for optimizing clinical outcomes. Intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, and other immune‐modulating treatments should be considered in more severe cases. Consideration of re‐challenging with the same immunotherapy drug may be given in some cases, based on clinical picture and initial severity of irAEs.
A REVIEW OF STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE METHODS FOR POVERTY ANALYSIS
Authors: García‐Gómez César , Pérez Ana , Prieto‐Alaiz Mercedes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStochastic dominance techniques have been mainly employed in poverty analyses to overcome what it is called the multiplicity of poverty indices problem. Moreover, in the multidimensional context, stochastic dominance techniques capture the possible relationships between the dimensions of poverty as they rely upon their joint distribution, unlike most multidimensional poverty indices, which are only based on marginal distributions. In this paper, we first review the general definition of unidimensional stochastic dominance and its relationship with poverty orderings. Then we focus on the conditions of multivariate stochastic dominance and their relationship with multidimensional poverty orderings, highlighting the additional difficulties that the multivariate setting involves. In both cases, we focus our discussion on first‐ and second‐order dominance, though some guidelines on higher order dominance are also mentioned. We also present an overview of some relevant empirical applications of these methods that can be found in the literature in both univariate and multivariate contexts.
Thinking about Prices versus Thinking about Returns in Financial Markets
Authors: GLASER MARKUS , ILIEWA ZWETELINA , WEBER MARTIN 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPrices and returns are alternative ways to present information and to elicit expectations in financial markets. But do investors think of prices and returns in the same way? We present three studies in which subjects differ in the level of expertise, amount of information, and type of incentive scheme. The results are consistent across all studies: asking subjects to forecast returns as opposed to prices results in higher expectations, whereas showing them return charts rather than price charts results in lower expectations. Experience is not a useful remedy but cognitive reflection mitigates the impact of format changes.