bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Adsorption of p‐Cresol from a Mixture of m‐Cresol and p‐Cresol over ZSM‐5 with Controlled Micro‐ and Mesoporosity
Authors: Lv Jianhua , Xu Zeqiang , Guo Yong , Wang Hefang , Liu Jidong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmmonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS) 1 at different concentrations was utilized as a mesopore‐generating agent to synthesize hierarchical ZSM‐5 (Si‐ZSM‐5) adsorbents; K+‐exchanged hierarchical ZSM‐5 (K−Si‐ZSM‐5) was successfully prepared by an impregnation method. The properties of adsorbents were characterized using XRD, XRF, N2 adsorption‐desorption and NH3‐TPD. The selectivity separation of p‐cresol 2 and m‐cresol 3 on adsorbents were experimentally investigated using a liquid breakthrough method. The enhanced adsorption capacity of Si‐ZSM‐5 is attributed to the creation of mesopores, which probably led to higher adsorption diffusion. The introduction of K+ into hierarchical ZSM‐5 diminishes the acid sites, strengthens adsorption sites, and reduces the mesopore diameter. Thus, K−Si‐ZSM‐5 possessed higher separation efficiency compared with the parent HZSM‐5. The concentration of AHFS had significant impact on adsorption capacity and the separation efficiency of adsorbents, and AHFS at a concentration of 0.5 M exhibited the optimal adsorption performance. Furthermore, the adsorbent is easy to prepare under laboratory conditions, and through a large scaled‐up breakthrough experiment, it is suitable for practical industrial applications. Also, we propose separation mechanisms of m‐cresol 3 and p‐cresol 2, and these are mainly controlled by shape selection and adsorbent‐adsorbent interactions.
AurOrGlass: ORMOSIL Sol‐Gel Glasses Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles for Advanced Optical Applications
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Fidalgo Alexandra , Ilharco Laura M. , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDubbed AurOrGlass in this study for the first time, organically modified sol‐gel glasses functionalized with Au nanostructures and atomic clusters are endowed with exceptional optical properties. The behaviour of these plasmons is governed by key nanochemistry and physical principles addressed herein prior to their widespread adoption in several technological domains.
One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4, 6‐Diaryl Pyrimidines Involving SO3H‐Functionalized Piperazinium‐Based Dicationic Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Saikia Susmita , Borah Ruli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new series of –SO3H functionalized dicationic ionic liquids based on N, N, N′, N′ ‐ tetrasulfopiperazinium cation [TSPi]+ and various anions [X]− (X=Cl, CF3SO3, TsO) is synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric studies. Brönsted acidity of these ionic liquids is determined by Hammett plot using UV‐Visible absorbance spectra. Further they are examined as acidic catalyst for one‐pot preparation of 2‐amino‐4, 6‐diaryl pyrimidines through Biginelli‐like reaction of acetophenone, aromatic aldehyde and urea followed by condensation‐aromatization reaction with phenylhydrazine under solvent‐free grinding method. The most acidic [TSPi][CF3SO3]2 catalyst offers good to satisfactory yield within 15–25 min reaction time. Easy recyclability, simple and mild reaction conditions represent the advantages of this method.
Metal‐Free I2‐Catalyzed Sulfenylation of Dihydropyrans: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Safari Ensieh , Nowrouzi Najmeh , Abbasi Mohammad , Hasaninejad Alireza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractI2‐catalyzed C(sp2)–H bond sulfenylation have been achieved from the reaction of thiols or disulfides with dihydropyrans under metal‐free conditions. This catalytic system was also used for thiol‐free achievement of sulfenylated dihydropyrans from aryl halides in the presence of CuI and potassium isopropyl xanthate as an effective source of sulfur.
New dynamic‐inflow engineering models based on linear and nonlinear actuator disc vortex models
Authors: Yu Wei , Tavernier Delphine , Ferreira Carlos , van Kuik Gijs A. M. , Schepers Gerard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo new engineering models are presented for the aerodynamic induction of a wind turbine under dynamic thrust. The models are developed using the differential form of Duhamel integrals of indicial responses of actuator disc type vortex models. The time constants of the indicial functions are obtained by the indicial responses of a linear and a nonlinear actuator disc model. The new dynamic‐inflow engineering models are verified against the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and compared against the dynamic‐inflow engineering models of Pitt‐Peters, Øye, and Energy Research Center of the Netherlands (ECN), for several load cases. Comparisons of all models show that two time constants are necessary to predict the dynamic induction. The amplitude and phase delay of the velocity distribution shows a strong radial dependency. Verifying the models against results from the CFD model shows that the model based on the linear actuator disc vortex model predicts a similar performance as the Øye model. The model based on the nonlinear actuator disc vortex model predicts the dynamic induction better than the other models concerning both phase delay and amplitude, especially at high load.
Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Closed Abdominal Incisions: A Meta‐analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Wells Cameron I. , Ratnayake Chathura B. B. , Perrin Jenni , Pandanaboyana Sanjay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) may prevent subcutaneous fluid accumulation in a closed wound and subsequently reduce surgical site infections (SSI). This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the effect of prophylactic NPWT on SSI incidence following abdominal surgery.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed using PRISMA methodology. All randomised trials reporting the use of NPWT in closed abdominal incisions were included, regardless of the type of operation. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of SSI, stratified by superficial and deep and organ/space infections. Secondary outcomes were wound dehiscence and length of hospital stay.ResultsTen randomised trials met the inclusion criteria (five Caesarean, five midline laparotomy). The use of NPWT reduced overall SSI (11.6% vs. 16.7%, RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.95, p = 0.02). The rate of superficial SSI rate was also reduced (6.3% vs. 11.3%, RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.94, p = 0.03). There was no effect on deep or organ/space SSI (3.2% vs. 4.2%, RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.51–1.18, p = 0.23), wound dehiscence (9.7% vs. 10.9%, RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.69–1.21, p = 0.54), or length of hospital stay (MD 0.06 days, 95% CI–0.11 to 0.23, p = 0.51).ConclusionsProphylactic use of NPWT may reduce the incidence of superficial SSI in closed abdominal incisions but has no effect on deep or organ space SSI.
Nano-fluid viscosity screening and study of in situ foam pressure buildup at high-temperature high-pressure conditions
Authors: Hamza Mohammed Falalu , Soleimani Hassan , Merican Zulkifli Merican Aljunid , Sinnathambi Chandra Mohan , Stephen Karl Dunbar , Ahmad Abdelazeem Abbas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, an industrial-based surfactant known as MFomax surfactant has been modified with unfunctionalized and silane-functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) to select the high viscous nano-fluid (NF) for generation of in situ foam to assess the differential pressure buildup (∆p) behavior in the porous media. Different weight concentrations of NPs and MFomax from 0.1 to 0.5% were studied using Design Expert Software to generate full matrix design of NF formulations. The viscosity data were analyzed with the aid of response surface analytical tool to investigate the response of NPs loading on the NF viscosity for optimization. The microstructural properties of the NFs were characterized using spectroscopic equipment. Subsequently, the high viscous NF was selected to generate in situ foam in comparison with the precursor MFomax foam for ∆p buildup assessment at 110 °C and 2023 psi in the native reservoir core. Results have shown that both the silica NPs could significantly improve the MFomax viscosity; however, the silane-functionalized silica NPs have more effect to improve the viscosity and other microstructural properties than the unfunctionalized NPs, and thus, they were selected for further experimental studies. The coreflood ∆p buildup assessment shows that NF foam built more ∆p having average value of 46 psi against 25 psi observed in the case of the precursor MFomax foam. Thus, this study demonstrates that functionalized silica NPs could improve the MFomax viscosity and eventually generates high ∆p buildup at high-temperature high-pressure conditions.
Experimental study of the effects of acid microemulsion flooding to enhancement of oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs
Authors: de Castro Dantas Tereza Neuma , de Oliveira Andrey Costa , de Souza Tamyris Thaise Costa , dos Santos Lucas Cláudio Regis , de Andrade Araújo Edson , Aum Pedro Tupã Pandava 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques play an essential role in the maintenance of petroleum production worldwide. These techniques are receiving special attention due to the continuous decline in availability of oil resources. The study of surfactants and correlated systems have been considered due to their capacity to alter the wettability and interfacial proprieties, consequently reducing residual oil saturation and increasing oil production. In this context, heterogeneity becomes one of the main challenges to overcome, for it makes the fluid flow preferably thought the highest permeability regions, affecting sweep efficiency. It is also known that acids react with carbonate formations promoting matrix dissolution. However, few works in the literature report the use of reactive fluids in EOR. Therefore, this work analyzes the effects of reactive acid flow on porous carbonate media and its impact on advanced oil recovery operations. It presents an experimental study of the effects of acid microemulsion flooding in the enhancement of oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. Acid microemulsions studied were characterized by surface tension, droplet diameter, viscosity, and corrosiveness. Flooding experiments demonstrated that the reactive flow of acid microemulsions in porous media increases oil recovery, achieving up to 30% additional recovery of the total oil in place. However, by increasing the reactivity of the systems, severe dissolution of the porous matrix can occur. The results presented open a new path on the use of low reactive fluids in enhanced oil recovery.
Testosterone Management in Aging Males: Surveying Clinical Practices of Urologists and Endocrinologists in Israel
Authors: Ishay Avraham , Tzemah Sharon , Nitzan Ronit , Jehassi Ayellet , Cohen Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Although there is increased public concern about low testosterone levels in aging men, the diagnosis and treatment of hypogonadism in this growing population is controversial.

Aim
To document the current practices of endocrinologists and urologists in the management of older men with low testosterone in Israel.

Methods
A 20-question survey of the management of hypogonadism was sent to members of the Israel Endocrine Society and the Israeli Urology Association

Main Outcome Measures
Participants were interviewed about their practice in diagnostic workup, prescription habits and monitoring of testosterone therapy.

Results
The response rate was low (range 8–12%). Significant differences were found between members of the 2 professional associations. Overall, endocrinologists take a more conservative approach to the diagnosis and initial workup, modes of treatment, and to concerns about the safety of testosterone therapy. A divergence from the published clinical guidelines was also noted in some aspects of the clinical practices in both groups.

Clinical Implications
Significant variances in the diagnosis and treatment approach of hypogonadism between endocrinologists and urologists, as well as divergences from clinical guidelines, may lead to misuse of testosterone therapy.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first study undertaken in Israel among urologists and endocrinologists of this increasingly recognized health issue. In our country, these 2 groups of physicians comprise nearly all of the testosterone treatment providers. The limitation of this study is linked to bias of all surveys based on subjective reporting, the fact that it was performed in only 1 country, and that we did not control for the specific assay used to measure testosterone levels.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the need for the implementation of coordinated guidelines to facilitate the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of men who can benefit from testosterone therapy and to minimize the risks of this therapy.
Computational Photography, 3-D Modeling, and Online Publication of Basketry for Cache Cave, California
Authors: Kotoula Eleni , Robinson David W. , Gandy Devlin , Jolie Edward A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAdvanced 2-D and 3-D computer visualizations are increasingly being used for recording and documentation, analysis, dissemination, and public engagement purposes. Recent technological advances not only considerably improve data acquisition, processing, and analysis but also enable easy and efficient online presentation. This article evaluates the contributions of advanced 2-D and 3-D computer visualization and discusses the potential of 3-D modeling for recording basketry technology and documenting the state of preservation of baskets. It explores the available analysis, integration, and online dissemination tools, using as case studies recently excavated baskets from Cache Cave in southern California. Results indicate that the proposed methodology, which incorporates reflectance transformation imaging visualizations and photogrammetric 3-D models, which are further processed using 3-D modeling software and integrated analysis tools and then transformed to a Web-based format, is a useful addition to the basketry analysis toolkit.
Off-design performance analysis of hybridised aircraft gas turbine
Authors: Zhao X. , Sahoo S. , Kyprianidis K. , Rantzer J. , Sielemann M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAn advanced geared turbofan with year 2035 technology level assumptions was established and used for the hybridisation study in this paper. By boosting the low-speed shaft of the turbofan with electrical power through the accessory gearbox, a parallel hybrid concept was set up. Focusing on the off-design performance of the hybridised gas turbine, electrical power input to the shaft, defined as positive hybridisation in this context, generally moves the compressor operation towards surge. On the other hand, the negative hybridisation, which is to reverse the power flow direction can improve the part-load operations of the turbofan and minimise the use of compressor handling bleeds. For the pre-defined mission given in the paper, negative hybridisation of descent, approach and landing, and taxi operations with 580 kW, 240 kW and 650 kW, respectively was found sufficient to keep a minimum compressor surge margin requirement without handling bleed.Looking at the hybridisation of key operating points, boosting the cruise operation of the baseline geared turbofan is, however, detrimental to the engine efficiency as it is pushing the cruise operation further away from the energy optimal design point. Without major modifications to the engine design, the benefit of the hybridisation appears primarily at the thermomechanical design point, the hot-day take-off. With the constraint of the turbine blade metal temperature in mind, a 500kW positive hybridisation at hot-day take-off gave cruise specific fuel consumption (SFC) reduction up to 0.5%, mainly because of reduced cooling flow requirement. Through the introduction of typical electrical power system performance characteristics and engine performance exchange rates, a first principles assessment is illustrated. By applying the strategies discussed in the paper, a 3% reduction in block fuel burn can be expected, if a higher power density electrical power system can be achieved.
Reading the geography of India’s district-level fertility differentials: a spatial econometric approach
Authors: Haque Ismail , Das Dipendra Nath , Patel Priyank Pravin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndia has gradually progressed into fertility transition over the last few decades. However, the timing and pace of this transition has varied notably in terms of both its geography and the demographic groups most affected by it. While much literature exists on the relationships between fertility level and its influence on demographic, economic, socio-cultural and policy-related factors, the potential spatial variations in the effects of these factors on the fertility level remain unaddressed. Using the most recent district-level census data (of 2011) for India, this nationwide study has identified plausible spatial dependencies and heterogeneities in the relationships between the district-wise Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) and their respective demographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. After developing a geocoded database for 621 districts of India, spatial regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were used to decipher location-based relationships between the district-level TFR and its driving forces. The results revealed that the relationships between the district-level TFR and the considered selected predictors (percentage of Muslims, urbanization, caste group, female mean age at marriage, female education, females in the labour force, net migration, sex ratio at birth and exposure to mass media) were not spatially invariant in terms of their respective strength, magnitude and direction, and furthermore, these relationships were conspicuously place- and context-specific. This study suggests that such locality-based variations and their complexities cannot be explained simply by a single narrative of either socioeconomic advancement or government policy interventions. It therefore contributes to the ongoing debate on fertility research in India by highlighting the spatial dependence and heterogeneity of the impacts made by demographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors on local fertility levels. From a methodological perspective, the study also discerns that the GWR local model performs better, in terms of both model performance and prediction accuracy, compared with the conventional global model estimates.
First evidence of the presence ofAnisakis simplexinCrangon crangonandContracaecum osculatuminGammarussp. byin situexamination of the stomach contents of cod (Gadus morhua) from the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Pawlak Joanna , Nadolna-Ałtyn Katarzyna , Szostakowska Beata , Pachur Marzenna , Bańkowska Anna , Podolska Magdalena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCod (Gadus morhua), an important fish species in the Baltic Sea, is the paratenic host for many parasite species, including the zoonotic nematodes,Anisakissp. andContracaecum osculatum. We aimed to identify which invertebrate species (foundin situin the fish stomach) are responsible for infection of cod with zoonotic nematodes. We found thatCrangon crangonandGammarussp., both invertebrate prey species of cod, were infected withAnisakis simplexandC.osculatum, respectively. These host–parasite systems are reported here for the first time, implicatingC.crangonandGammarussp. as sources of infection of Baltic cod with zoonotic nematodes.
Children's understanding of pronouns that differ in scope of reference
Authors: MEGHERBI Hakima , SEIGNEURIC Alix , OAKHILL Jane , BUENO Steve 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSome pronouns can refer to entities that vary widely in scope. In some cases, the referent might be a noun phrase, and in other cases it might be a whole proposition. In the cases of pronouns with a noun phrase antecedent, an already existing referent is reactivated from the preceding context. In the case of pronouns with a propositional antecedent, the referent must be reformulated. The interpretation and use of such pronouns was investigated in 150 eight-year-old children in a reading comprehension task. Experiment 1 used a referent specification task and Experiment 2 used a completion task. It was more difficult for children to process a pronoun when its antecedent was a proposition compared to a noun phrase. These results are in line with the linguistic approaches (e.g., Gundelet al., 2005) according to which processing of pronouns with a propositional antecedent is more complex and requires greater cognitive effort.
‘I am the Servant of the Council’: Lord Ismay and the Making of the NATO International Staff
Authors: Risso Linda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on analysis of Lord Ismay's private papers and on documents from the NATO archives and the Foreign Office archives, this article examines the role of Lord Ismay as the first Secretary General of NATO. As the first person to occupy the role, with little guidance from the national governments and no previous examples to use as a guiding light, Ismay had the opportunity – and the challenge – to shape the new role and to lay the basis for the long-term development of the International Staff. This article argues that Ismay's careful approach was essential in cementing political consensus within the North Atlantic Council at a time in which the members of the Alliance were still learning to work together.
Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire: association with BMI in children aged 3–10 years from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Spahić Razija , Pranjić Nurka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To evaluate differences in children’s eating behaviour in relation to their weight status.Design:Prospective, cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measures were taken and age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles andZ-scores were calculated according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations to assess weight status. Parents completed a questionnaire which included demographic data and the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) to assess eating behaviour.Setting:Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina (September 2016–September 2017).Participants:Male and female children aged 3–10 years and one of their parents.Results:The study sample comprised 2500 children; 6·8 % of them were underweight and 14·4 % were overweight, while there were 14·8 % obese children and 64·0 % had normal weight. The factor analysis of CEBQ revealed an eight-factor solution. Significant differences in CEBQ subscale scores were found within BMI categories for all CEBQ subscales except Food Fussiness. On the other hand, child BMIZ-scores showed a linear increase with the ‘food approach’ subscales of the CEBQ, except the Desire to Drink subscale which was excluded from analysis, and a decrease with ‘food avoidant’ subscales.Conclusions:The present study suggests that the CEBQ is valuable for identifying specific eating styles that are associated with weight status and can be seen as important and modifiable determinants implicated in the development and maintenance of overweight/obesity as well as underweight.