bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief critique of the pseudo-diagnosis ‘complex emotional needs’
Authors: Porter Hat , Edwards Bethan , Head Nell , Smith Jee 
Published: February 2025

Summary
‘Complex emotional needs’ has emerged in the UK as a label to refer to individuals given a diagnosis of a personality disorder. We argue that this name change is insufficient to address the harms associated with the personality disorder construct; rather, it risks broadening its scope, and thereby the construct’s harms.
The 95% Effective Duration of Music for Anxiolysis Before Elective Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Fong Tristan M. , Drzymalski Dan M. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Music can be used in the perioperative period as a nonpharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety, but how long it should be played to be effective is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the 95% effective duration (ED95) of music of different subtypes for anxiolysis in parturients awaiting elective cesarean delivery. It was hypothesized that the overall ED95 would be <15 minutes and similar between music groups.

METHODS:
A prospective, randomized, biased coin study was conducted at a major academic institution. Consented parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to one of 2 music groups: preselected Mozart sonatas or patient preference. Music duration began at 4 minutes and was subsequently increased, decreased, or kept the same based on the previous subject’s response. Anxiety on a verbal scale of 0 to 10 and vital signs were compared pre-and postmusic. Successful intervention was defined as a decrease in anxiety by at least 1 point. Primary ED95 estimates with centered isotonic regressions (CIRs) were compared utilizing 83% confidence intervals (CI), while turning-point and simple means were compared with Student’s t tests for sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 57 pregnant women were approached and 40 agreed to participate. The mean age was 33 (standard deviation [SD] 5.1). Primary ED95 estimates by CIR were 6.8 (83% CI, 5.9–8.4) minutes and 6.7 (83% CI, 5.9–8.3) minutes for Mozart and personal preference music, respectively. Mean ED95 by CIR for any music type was 6.8 minutes. Mean immediate postintervention anxiety reduction with Mozart music was 1.7 (SD 1.4) and personal preference was 2.6 (SD 2.0). There were no significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure immediately after music.

CONCLUSIONS:
Playing music for <7 minutes is a versatile, effective, and low-risk method for anxiolysis in women awaiting elective cesarean delivery.
“The Undercurrent of Friction”
Authors: Nygren Joshua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the origins, contours, and consequences of a bitter bureaucratic rivalry within the US Department of Agriculture on the eve of New Deal soil conservation programs. The conflict, which pitted agricultural engineers against soil scientists and agronomists, served as a crucible for federal soil conservation. It emerged as these experts built the case that soil erosion could and should be controlled through state action. From the 1910s to the early 1930s, federal agencies and technicians developed reliable, practical erosion-control technologies, and they redefined erosion not as a private or regional matter but as a national concern demanding national attention. The feud also demonstrates how, contrary to popular belief, federalized soil conservation emerged prior to and independent of the Great Plains Dust Bowl. By the time dust storms captured the nation's attention in 1933, the question was no longer whether the federal government would act to control erosion but who would lead the effort.
Medicare at 60: Many Successes but More Work to Do
Authors: Garrett Bowen , Holahan John , Zuckerman Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Enacted in 1965, Medicare enrolled its first beneficiaries in 1966. Medicare has provided access to health care for tens of millions of Americans aged 65 and older, as well as to younger individuals with disabilities. To mark its 60th anniversary, it is fitting to review Medicare's many accomplishments, as well as its problems, and highlight reforms that can extend and build on its legacy. The problems mainly relate to the financing challenges the program poses, for beneficiaries, taxpayers, and the federal budget, and the approach that has led to significant overpayments to private Medicare Advantage plans that now enroll over 50% of beneficiaries. This article reviews historic trends in enrollment and spending in Medicare, payment innovations the program created, how traditional Medicare has outperformed commercial insurers in controlling health care spending, and sources of overpayments in Medicare Advantage. Finally, the article highlights potential ways to fix Medicare's problems and promote its sustainability for future generations.
Medicare at 60: A Popular Program Facing Challenges
Authors: Neuman Tricia , Fuglesten Biniek Jean , Cubanski Juliette 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As Medicare approaches its 60th anniversary, it almost goes without saying that the program is both popular and successful. Medicare provides health insurance coverage to 67 million older adults and people with disabilities. Medicare is viewed favorably by Democrats, Republicans, and Independents. Medicare has also helped to extend life expectancy and, in conjunction with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, narrow disparities in care. It is a vital source of revenue for hospitals, physicians and other health care providers, and health insurers and is an essential component of health and retirement security in the U.S. These are among the reasons why Medicare is often considered a third rail in politics. Medicare also faces challenges stemming from the growing role of private plans, demographic shifts, and rising health care costs. This paper examines these challenges by focusing on three fundamental questions. First, what are the implications of the transformation that is taking place with private insurers playing a more dominant role in providing Medicare benefits? Second, what changes may be important to address the gaps in covered benefits and related affordability challenges? Third, how can Medicare be sustained to finance care for current and future generations?
The Strong Maximum Circulation Algorithm: A New Method for Aggregating Preference Rankings
Authors: Atkinson Nathan , Ganz Scott , Hochbaum Dorit , Orlin James 
Published: February 2025

We present a new optimization-based method for aggregating preferences in settings in which each voter expresses preferences over pairs of alternatives. Our approach to identifying a consensus partial order is motivated by the observation that collections of votes that form a cycle can be treated as collective ties. Our approach then removes unions of cycles of votes, or circulations, from the vote graph and determines aggregate preferences from the remainder. Specifically, we study the removal of maximal circulations attained by any union of cycles the removal of which leaves an acyclic graph. We introduce the strong maximum circulation, the removal of which guarantees a unique outcome in terms of the induced partial order, called the strong partial order. The strong maximum circulation also satisfies strong complementary slackness conditions and is shown to be solved efficiently as a network flow problem. We further establish the relationship between the dual of the maximum circulation problem and Kemeny’s method, a popular optimization-based approach for preference aggregation. We also show that identifying a minimum maximal circulation—that is, a maximal circulation containing the smallest number of votes—is an NP-hard problem. Further, an instance of the minimum maximal circulation may have multiple optimal solutions whose removal results in conflicting partial orders. Funding: D. Hochbaum’s research is supported in part by AI institute National Science Foundation award 2112533.
An analysis of initial force and moment delivery of different aligner materials
Authors: Wendl Thomas , Wendl Brigitte , Proff Peter 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to clarify the applied initial forces and moments by different aligners of various materials and manufacturing methods.

Methods
The finite-element-method was used to analyze the forces and moments generated by the aligners on a maloccluded tooth. Plaster models of dental arches with a mesiorotated tooth 11 were fabricated, digitized and virtually analyzed. Four types of aligners with various layer thicknesses were selected: two splints with novel shape memory properties: a printable aligner made of the resin Tera Harz TC-85 DAC (Graphy Inc., South Korea) and a self-manufactured aligner consisting of the components polypropylene carbonate and thermoplastic polyurethane. The other two aligners were conventional, thermoformable aligners: CA® Pro Clear Aligner (Scheu Dental GmbH, Germany) and Erkodur-al (Erkodent Erich Kopp GmbH, Germany).

Results
The force and moment analyses showed that the thermoformable CA® Pro Clear Aligner exhibited the highest values. The thermoformed Erkodur-al aligner showed the lowest force loads for all layer thicknesses. The Graphy printed splint showed similar results compared to Erkodur-al at layer thicknesses of 0.40 mm and 0.50 mm.

Conclusions
To avoid periodontal overloading, aligners with lower force and moment delivery should be chosen for this type of tooth movement.
Analysis and health risk assessment of toxic elements in traditional herbal tea infusions
Authors: Ababneh Fuad A. , Abu-Sbeih Khaleel A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Herbal teas are very popular drinks. Their contamination could cause health problems for the population. Therefore, it is important to ensure that common toxic elements, which are released into the environment, are not present at high levels. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of As, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the infusions of 16 different brands of herbal teas sold in Jordan. In addition, the Hg content of the infusions was determined using a mercury analyzer which is based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was below the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. The highest EDI was found for Pb with values that reached 9.22 × 10−2 μg kg−1 in sample T11, while Hg had the lowest values, which were less than or equal to 3.71 × 10−4 μg kg−1. The target hazard quotient, an estimate of non-carcinogenic effects, was found to be within the acceptable limits of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for both adults and children. Moreover, the incremental lifetime cancer risk values were also found to fall within the acceptable limits of the US EPA. These results confirm that the herbal tea brands sold in Jordan are safe for human consumption.
Forging CLIL Teacher Identities in Kazakhstan: Developmental Pathways of Two University Teachers
Authors: Philip Montgomery D. , De Costa Peter I. , Novitskaya Yuliya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As universities in Kazakhstan continue to address the challenges that come with developing English-medium instruction (EMI) programs, university Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) teachers need to develop capacities to teach in English, while their English teacher counterparts need to develop content-specific pedagogical knowledge. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) pedagogies, defined as the integration of both language and content curricular goals, have emerged as a vehicle to facilitate this development for both types of teachers. However, what it means to be a CLIL teacher may vary considerably as teachers leverage their professional knowledge and personal experiences. We, therefore, explore teachers’ conceptions of CLIL and how their disciplinary, linguistic, and pedagogical backgrounds enable or burden them to forge a “CLIL teacher” identity. This qualitative study illustrates the salient points of the journeys taken by two university teachers, one a specialist in oil and gas, the other an English teacher and teacher educator. Drawing on extended one-on-one interviews, we present two teachers’ experiences through a series of CLIL-informed workshops. Using a multidisciplinary analytical framework, we map the ways in which the two teacher participants negotiate their identities in relation to CLIL. The findings highlight the importance of understanding teacher experiences, particularly their language learning backgrounds, attitudes toward supporting student learning, and relationships with their colleagues as they work to adapt to teaching English and STEM subjects in university EMI contexts.
Numerical simulation and performance study of three-dimensional variable angle baffle micromixer
Authors: Chen Xinkun , Song Bao , Li Xiaoyu , Zou Jixu , Chen Xueye 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In microfluidic systems, micromixers are of utmost importance for achieving efficient mixing. However, current micromixers still have deficiencies in mixing efficiency, which restricts their widespread application in fields such as biotechnology, chemical synthesis, and environmental analysis. This paper focuses on the influence of variable-angle baffles on the mixing efficiency of micromixers. By altering the geometric configurations of baffles, the mixing efficiency of solutions is enhanced. Specifically, the impacts of baffle direction, quantity, and height are explored. Additionally, groups of three baffles are utilized to investigate the effect of staggered heights on mixing. Through COMSOL simulations, it is found that the 45-degree structural baffle is highly conducive to solution mixing. An increment in baffle number prolongs the fluid mixing path, thereby augmenting the efficiency. Similarly, a rise in baffle height intensifies the fluid disturbance and elevates the mixing efficiency. Notably, setting a group of baffles to 0.15–0.05–0.1 mm is particularly advantageous for enhancing the mixing efficiency, as this configuration optimizes the fluid flow regime and promotes chaotic convection, thus significantly improving the micromixer’s performance.
Sex-specific associations of sex hormone binding globulin and risk of bladder cancer
Authors: Ou Junyong , Bi Hai , Zhou Haobin , Zhang Zhanyi , Duan Peichen , Yin Haoming , Zhou Zezhen , Xie Zhixin , Tian Xiaojun , Ye Jianfei , Zhang Shudong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Males have a three times higher risk of a diagnosis of bladder cancer (Bca) than females. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may be associated with Bca risk. However, the sex-specific role of SHBG in Bca remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of SHBG in Bca.

Methods
A sex-specific univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis involving 369,426 men and 395,375 women was conducted to assess the causal relationship between SHBG and testosterone and Bca risk. Sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR were conducted to confirm the robustness of our results. Linkage disequilibrium score regression assessed the genetic correlation between these diseases influenced by heredity.

Results
Univariable MR results showed that one-SD elevated SHBG was related to a low risk of Bca in males (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39–0.93; p = 0.022) but had no benefit in females. Genetically predicted BT was positively associated with Bca risk in males (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.06–2.40; p  =  0.027). In multivariable MR, higher SHBG levels were not related to male Bca risk after controlling for BT.

Conclusions
Our findings do not provide evidence to support a causal relationship between SHBG and Bca risk in males although an association was observed in the univariable analysis. Further research is needed to identify the underlying pathways.
Lebensereignisse im Bildungsbereich als Erklärung für individuellen Sprachwandel
Authors: Wirtz Mason A. , Vergeiner Philip C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Major life events (MLEs) in the educational domain such as graduating school or beginning a new degree set an important course for each individual’s life. However, the impact of such MLEs on patterns of individual-level language change across the lifespan, and how their impact may vary among individuals, is far from clear. In this article, we thus demonstrate the variation in patterns of individual-level perceived linguistic change affected by educational MLEs (i.e., graduating school, beginning a new degree, graduating university) among 181 Austrian participants with first language German. Our goal is to both quantitatively and qualitatively investigate which constellation of individual differences in event experiences and other psychosocial factors are associated with differences in reported individual-level linguistic change following educational MLEs. Bayesian modeling indicated that gender and proficiency in nonstandard varieties were particularly predictive of individual-level linguistic change. Qualitative analysis revealed a blended operation of socio-affective and language biography-related factors being associated with educational MLE-related change in the sociolinguistic repertoire.
Design and synthesis of 3-(azepan-1-ylsulfonyl)-N-aryl benzamide derivatives as potent carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors with anticancer activities
Authors: Khanfar Mohammad A. , Saleh Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is known to be overexpressed in various tumors and plays a significant role in tumor development and progression. A series of 3-sulfonamide benzoate derivatives with a 7-membered azepane ring were synthesized and evaluated for their CAIX inhibitory activities. Most of the synthesized compounds successfully inhibited CAIX activities, exhibiting IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The most potent CAIX inhibitor was compound 26, with an IC50 of 19 nM. A structure-activity relationship analysis of the synthesized compounds was conducted, and molecular docking revealed strong coordination with the catalytic Zn2+ metal, hydrophobic interactions of the azepane ring with a hydrophobic pocket, and π-stacking interactions of the aryl ring with an aromatic surface. The three most active analogues (8, 16, and 26) were further tested for their antiproliferative activities in the NCI-60 human tumor cell lines screen. Notably, compound 16 (CAIX, IC50 = 310 nM) demonstrated potent growth inhibitory effects against several cancer cell lines.
Cemetery at Store Frigård, Bornholm: society, exchange and alliance systems in the Baltic area at Early Iron Age
Authors: Trolle Tine , Łuczkiewicz Piotr , Kuzioła Aneta , Björk Tony 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Extraordinary finds from the Store Frigård cremation cemetery on the Danish island of Bornholm suggest that the society that used the site played a key role in supra-regional contacts and in the distribution of goods and people across the Baltic Sea between the Continent and Southern Scandinavia during the Iron Age.
VALIDATION OF A CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE MCPD DETERMINATION IN VEGETABLE OILS
Authors: Kapustian A. , Dotsenko N. , Naumenko K. , Gural L. , Lysyuk V. 
Published: February 2025

Today, esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD-E) and glycidol (GE) remain one of the most pressing food safety issues, so a thorough study of their structure, formation mechanisms and control methods is an urgent issue. 3-MCPD and GE are fat-soluble toxic substances that can be formed in vegetable oils during their production and processing. Chloropropanols are by-products formed as a result of acid hydrolysis of glycerol lipids at elevated temperatures, during production or storage, and in the process of deodorization of edible oils. As a rule, 3-MCPD and GE are formed as a result of high-temperature exposure to fats, and they have carcinogenic, genotoxic, nephrotoxic and other types of negative effects on the human body. That is why their content is strictly regulated and must be controlled both in raw materials and in final products based on them. The direct determination of glycidol esters and fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD is performed by HPLC/MS/MS, but this method is difficult to use in practice due to the large number of components to be determined (84) and the lack of analytical standards. The most common indirect methods of control are when all esters of glycidol and 3-MCPD decompose to just glycidol and 3-monochloropropanediol, respectively. One of the earliest methods of determination adopted by the International Organization for Standardization is the ISO 18363-1:2015 method, which provided quantitative determination of 3-MCPD by alkaline decomposition of 3-MCPD esters and glycidol to 3-MCPD. The determination of glycidol esters in terms of glycidol was carried out by recalculating the difference in the quantitative results of two injections. The main disadvantage of this method is the inaccurate quantitative result for glycidol, since the method is based on the assumption that there are no other substances that react with inorganic chloride to form 3-MCPD. The following were the standardized methods ISO 18363-2:2018 and ISO 18363-3:2017. Both are already much more accurate than the previous one, but have a very long decomposition reaction time of more than 16 hours. This makes these methods very limited in their applicability to industries, but because of their direct quantification, they provide more accurate results for laboratories that issue certificates of analysis and are responsible for the quality of the values obtained.
p21-Activated Kinase 4 and Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury in Mice and Humans
Authors: Chan Yu Hwang , Chung Byeoung Hoon , Kim Yoejin , Lee Yoonji , Sim Hyunchae , Lee Sangkyu , Hwang Hong Pil , Yu Hee Chul , Jeon Seunggyu , Maeng Han-Joo , Shin Dongyun , Kang Kyung Pyo , Seo Seung-Yong , Bae Eun Ju , Park Byung-Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Background
Acute kidney injury following ischemia−reperfusion remains a substantial perioperative challenge lacking effective treatment. p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a downstream effector of Rho GTPase, has been explored in hepatic ischemia−reperfusion injury, but its role in renal ischemia−reperfusion is unknown.

Methods
Wild-type and proximal tubule-specific Pak4 knockout mice underwent 25 min of ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion injury. Primary tubular cells and HK-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia−reoxygenation injury to investigate the in vitro impact of PAK4. Selective degradation of PAK4 was employed using proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) to ameliorate acute kidney injury.

Results
Post-ischemia−reperfusion, the expression of PAK4 was upregulated through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in mouse kidneys. Deletion of PAK4 in proximal tubule cells, but not in myeloid cells, significantly mitigated ischemia−reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury, as evidenced by decreased levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, tubular necrosis, apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and lipid accumulation compared to control mice. Further investigation revealed that PAK4 phosphorylated glutathione peroxidase 3 at T47, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Additionally, pretreatment of mice with the PAK4 PROTAC preserved glutathione peroxidase 3 and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby protecting against acute kidney injury. In kidney tissues from people with a kidney transplant, elevated levels of PAK4 protein and phosphorylation of glutathione peroxidase 3 at T47 were observed.

Conclusions
Renal tubular PAK4 contributes to tissue damage during ischemia−reperfusion injury, while PAK4 PROTAC mitigates ischemia−reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation.