bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics and mechanism of hydrophobic foam column tray: Contact angle hysteresis effect
Authors: Yan Peng , Li Xingang , Li Hong , Shao Yuanyuan , Zhang Hui , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterfacial wettability adjustment is a new method for intensifying vapor–liquid mass transfer process. Contact angle effect has been well investigated but not complete due to interfacial wettability consisting of both static behavior (contact angle) and dynamic behavior (contact angle hysteresis). Here, methods of adjusting contact angle hysteresis (CAH) were proposed, and then, the CAH effect on the hydrodynamics was investigated. A multiscale analysis of CAH effect, from interfacial force and wettability to single‐bubble and gas–liquid two‐phase flow inside the foam to bubble swarm hydrodynamics, was conducted, and thus, the hydrodynamic performance criteria were derived. The interfaces had similar contact angles, whereas a significant difference in the CAH was prepared by using the developed sol dip‐coating and spray coating methods. Subsequent experiments revealed that lower CAH can decrease the pressure drop, homogenize the gas distribution, and increase the weeping rate, which are consistent with the derived criteria.
The long and winding road to assisted dying in Australia
Authors: Duckett Stephen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPublic opinion polling shows that Australians have long supported legalising assisted dying, but this has not generally led to legislative success. Since 1993, Australian parliament have considered legalising assisted dying over 50 times, with only two attempts being successful: Northern Territory in 1995 and Victoria in 2017. This paper describes the Northern Territory and Victorian legislation and the processes associated with the passage of the legislation in both jurisdictions. It suggests that one of the factors that contributed to the Victorian outcome was the extensive consultation involved prior to the introduction of the legislation into parliament. Political factors – including government support – also facilitated the legislation's passage.
A Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer Augments the Ion Storage Capacity of Bimetallic‐Sulfide‐Containing Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Junpeng , Li Xiaodan , Lai Haojie , Zhao Zhijuan , Li Jinliang , Zhang Wanggang , Xie Weiguang , Liu Yiming , Mai Wenjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetal–organic framework‐derived NiCo2.5S4 microrods wrapped in reduced graphene oxide (NCS@RGO) were synthesized for potassium‐ion storage. Upon coordination with organic potassium salts, NCS@RGO exhibits an ultrahigh initial reversible specific capacity (602 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1) and ultralong cycle life (a reversible specific capacity of 495 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 1 900 cycles over 314 days). Furthermore, the battery demonstrates a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 78 %, outperforming most sulfides reported previously. Advanced ex situ characterization techniques, including atomic force microscopy, were used for evaluation and the results indicate that the organic potassium salt‐containing electrolyte helps to form thin and robust solid electrolyte interphase layers, which reduce the formation of byproducts during the potassiation–depotassiation process and enhance the mechanical stability of electrodes. The excellent conductivity of the RGO in the composites, and the robust interface between the electrodes and electrolytes, imbue the electrode with useful properties; including, ultrafast potassium‐ion storage with a reversible specific capacity of 402 mAh g−1 even at 2 A g−1.
Transition‐Metal Chemistry of Alkaline‐Earth Elements: The Trisbenzene Complexes M(Bz)3(M=Sr, Ba)
Authors: Wang Qian , Pan Sudip , Wu Yan‐Bo , Deng Guohai , Bian Jian‐Hong , Wang Guanjun , Zhao Lili , Zhou Mingfei , Frenking Gernot 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report the synthesis and spectroscopic identification of the trisbenzene complexes of strontium and barium M(Bz)3(M=Sr, Ba) in low‐temperature Ne matrix. Both complexes are characterized by aD3symmetric structure involving three equivalent η6‐bound benzene ligands and a closed‐shell singlet electronic ground state. The analysis of the electronic structure shows that the complexes exhibit metal–ligand bonds that are typical for transition metal compounds. The chemical bonds can be explained in terms of weak donation from the π MOs of benzene ligands into the vacant (n−1)d AOs of M and strong backdonation from the occupied (n−1)d AO of M into vacant π* MOs of benzene ligands. The metals in these 20‐electron complexes have 18 effective valence electrons, and, thus, fulfill the 18‐electron rule if only the metal–ligand bonding electrons are counted. The results suggest that the heavier alkaline earth atoms exhibit the full bonding scenario of transition metals.
Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide into Methanol with Cobalt Phthalocyanine
Authors: Boutin Etienne , Wang Min , Lin John C. , Mesnage Matthieu , Mendoza Daniela , Lassalle‐Kaiser Benedikt , Hahn Christopher , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Robert Marc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConversion of CO2 into valuable molecules is a field of intensive investigation with the aim of developing scalable technologies for making fuels using renewable energy sources. While electrochemical reduction into CO and formate are approaching industrial maturity, a current challenge is obtaining more reduced products like methanol. However, literature on the matter is scarce, and even more for the use of molecular catalysts. Here, we demonstrate that cobalt phthalocyanine, a well‐known catalyst for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO, can also catalyze the reaction from CO2 or CO to methanol in aqueous electrolytes at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. The studies identify formaldehyde as a key intermediate and an unexpected pH effect on selectivity. This paves the way for establishing a sequential process where CO2 is first converted to CO which is subsequently used as a reactant to produce methanol. Under ideal conditions, the reaction shows a global Faradaic efficiency of 19.5 % and chemical selectivity of 7.5 %.
Dehydrierende anodische C‐C‐Kupplung von Phenolen mit elektronenziehenden Substituenten
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWir stellen hier eine metallfreie, elektrosynthetische Methode vor, die erstmals eine direkte dehydrierende Kupplungsreaktionen von Phenolen mit elektronenziehenden Gruppen ermöglicht. Die Reaktionen sind einfach durchzuführen und skalierbar, da sie in ungeteilten Zellen durchgeführt werden und kein zusätzliches Leitsalz benötigt wird. Hierdurch ist diese Umsetzung effizient, praktisch und dadurch besonders umweltfreundlich, da Reagenzabfall minimiert wird. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich durch ein breites Spektrum an möglichen Substraten aus und es werden eine Vielzahl von funktionellen Gruppen toleriert. Das ermöglicht einen einfachen Zugang zu Vorläufern für neuartige mehrzähnige Liganden und sogar zu Heterocyclen wie Dibenzofuranen.
Dehydrogenative Anodic C−C Coupling of Phenols Bearing Electron‐Withdrawing Groups
Authors: Röckl Johannes L. , Schollmeyer Dieter , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe herein present a metal‐free, electrosynthetic method that enables the direct dehydrogenative coupling reactions of phenols carrying electron‐withdrawing groups for the first time. The reactions are easy to conduct and scalable, as they are carried out in undivided cells and obviate the necessity for additional supporting electrolyte. As such, this conversion is efficient, practical, and thereby environmentally friendly, as production of waste is minimized. The method features a broad substrate scope, and a variety of functional groups are tolerated, providing easy access to precursors for novel polydentate ligands and even heterocycles such as dibenzofurans.
Inhibition of histone acetylation and deacetylation enzymes affects longevity, development, and fecundity in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum)
Authors: Kirfel Phillipp , Skaljac Marisa , Grotmann Jens , Kessel Tobias , Seip Maximilian , Michaelis Katja , Vilcinskas Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHistone acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation which is tightly controlled by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In insects, life‐history traits such as longevity and fecundity are severely affected by the suppression of HAT/HDAC activity, which can be achieved by RNA‐mediated gene silencing or the application of chemical inhibitors. We used both experimental approaches to investigate the effect of HAT/HDAC inhibition in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) a model insect often used to study complex life‐history traits. The silencing of HAT genes (kat6b, kat7, and kat14) promoted survival or increased the number of offspring, whereas targeting rpd3 (HDAC) reduced the number of viviparous offspring but increased the number of premature nymphs, suggesting a role in embryogenesis and eclosion. Specific chemical inhibitors of HATs/HDACs showed a remarkably severe impact on life‐history traits, reducing survival, delaying development, and limiting the number of offspring. The selective inhibition of HATs and HDACs also had opposing effects on aphid body weight. The suppression of HAT/HDAC activity in aphids by RNA interference or chemical inhibition revealed similarities and differences compared to the reported role of these enzymes in other insects. Our data suggest that gene expression in A. pisum is regulated by multiple HATs/HDACs, as indicated by the fitness costs triggered by inhibitors that suppress several of these enzymes simultaneously. Targeting multiple HATs or HDACs with combined effects on gene regulation could, therefore, be a promising approach to discover novel targets for the management of aphid pests.
Enrichment of large‐diameter semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes by a mixed‐extractor strategy
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yi Wenhui , Bai Lei , Tian Yilong , Hou Jin , Jin Weiqiu , Si Jinhai , Hou Xun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report a new mixed‐extractor strategy to improve the sorting yield of large‐diameter semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWCNTs) with high purity. In the new mixed‐extractor strategy, two kinds of conjugated polymers with different rigidity, poly(9,9‐n‐dihexyl‐2,7‐fluorene‐alt‐9‐phenyl‐3,6‐carbazole) (PDFP) and poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (P8BT), are used to sort large‐diameter s‐SWCNTs through two simple sonication processes. To our surprise, although PDFP itself shows no selectivity toward s‐SWCNTs, it can greatly enhance the sorting yield of P8BT. Using the PDFP/P8BT mixed‐extractor method, the yield of sorted s‐SWCNTs has been enhanced by 5 times with a purity above 99 % in comparison to that using P8BT single‐extractor method. In addition, the photoluminescence (PL) excitation maps shows that the PDFP/P8BT mixed‐extractor system not only enhances the sorting yield substantially, but also tends to be enrichment of (15,4) SWCNTs with the diameter of 1.36 nm.
Low‐Threshold Non‐Doped Deep Blue Lasing from Monodisperse Truxene‐Cored Conjugated Starbursts with High Photostability
Authors: Liu Cheng‐Fang , Lu Tingting , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, the photophysical, morphological, optical gain characteristics of a set of trigonal monodisperse starburst conjugated macromolecules (Tr1‐Tr4) have been systematically investigated in order to elucidate the influence of the molecular structures on their optoelectronic performance. With increasing the oligofluorene arm length, absorption spectra were red‐shifted progressively, whereas an increase in photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and optical gain coefficients, and a corresponding reduction in amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds and loss coefficients were observed for Tr1‐Tr3 except for Tr4. The results indicate that the effective conjugation length become saturated for Tr3 in this system. Impressively, the resulting molecules manifested very low ASE thresholds (4.4–11.6 μJ cm−2) with high photostability, as well as high thermal stability. One dimensional distributed feedback (DFB) lasers exhibited a minimum lasing threshold of 10.38 nJ pulse−1 (0.86 kW cm−2, 4.325 μJ cm−2) for Tr3. It should be emphasized that the ASE threshold of Tr1‐Tr4 was nearly unchanged from room temperature to 200 °C. The results suggest that this kind of truxene‐cored conjugated starbursts with high photostability and low lasing thresholds are rather promising gain media for organic semiconductor lasers.
Enzyme production and oil palm empty fruit bunch bioconversion to ethanol using a hybrid yeast strain
Authors: Zhai Lili , Manglekar Rupali Rahul , Geng Anli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic biomass generated in palm oil mills. It is a sustainable resource for fuels and chemicals. In this study, OPEFB was converted to ethanol by an integrative OPEFB conversion process including dilute alkaline pretreatment, cellulolytic enzyme production, separate OPEFB hydrolysis, and cofermentation using a hybrid xylose‐fermenting yeast. OPEFB was pretreated using 1% (w/v) NaOH solution followed by 1% (v/v) H2O2. Further, cellulolytic enzymes were produced by submerged fermentation using Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 and used for OPEFB hydrolysis. The filter paper cellulase activity of the crude cellulolytic enzymes was 15.1 IU/mL, which was higher than those obtained by reported Trichoderma strains under laboratory conditions. Glucose and xylose yields reached 66.9% and 74.2%, respectively, at 30 filter paper unit (FPU)/g‐biomass enzyme dosage and 10% (w/v) biomass loading. The hybrid yeast strain ScF2 was previously constructed through recursive genome shuffling of Pichia stipitis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was used in OPEFB hydrolysate fermentation. About 16.9 g/L ethanol was produced with an ethanol yield of 0.34 g/g sugars, which was 67% of theoretical ethanol yield.
Self‐assembly in amphiphilic macromolecules with solvent exposed hydrophobic moieties
Authors: Dutta Sutapa , Patra Piya , Chakrabarti Jaydeb 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembly by amphiphilic molecules with solvent exposed hydrophobic groups are relevant in biomolecular systems as well as in technological applications. Here we study such self‐assembly in these systems using a model system of spherical particles having charge at core but solvent repelling surface, using Monte‐Carlo simulations and mean field treatment. We find that solvophobicity mediated attraction leads aggregation, while electrostatic repulsions control stability of finite clusters. The aggregation threshold relates the parameters of two interactions through an algebraic dependence. The study also qualitatively explains experimental observations on aggregation of misfolded proteins and can be useful guide to tune stability of nm sized self‐assembly in systems with exposed hydrophobic groups.
A data‐mining‐based approach to informed decision‐making in engineering education
Authors: Yahya Anwar Ali , Osman Addin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn outcome‐based academic programs, Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) and Student Outcomes (SOs) are two cores around which all programs’ components and processes revolve. Needless to say, the PEOs‐SOs mapping is very critical for program success and, therefore, a deep understanding of PEOs, SOs, and their intra/inter‐correlations is very important for effective program's decisions making. In this context, this paper proposes a data mining‐based approach to discover hidden knowledge of PEOs, SOs, and their mapping and correlations in engineering programs. More specifically, the proposed approach employs association rule mining techniques to generate association rules, among and between PEOs and SOs, from PEOs‐SOs mapping data of a set of engineering programs, which can be then filtered and manipulated to discover the desired knowledge. To this end, a set of 152 self‐study reports of engineering programs, accredited by American Board for Engineering and Technology‐Engineering Accreditation Commission (ABET‐EAC), are collected and the mapping data between their PEOs and ABET‐EAC SOs are extracted. The dataset is processed and transformed into a representation suitable for association rules mining. This involves developing a set of PEOs labels, annotating data with PEOs labels, and extracting three target datasets. Apriori algorithm is then applied to each dataset to generate three sets of association rules. The generated association rules are then filtered and manipulated to discover the knowledge of PEOs, ABET‐EAC SOs, and their mapping and correlations. Finally, a discussion on the informativeness of the discovered knowledge for the decisions making in engineering education is given.
Bradykinin receptor‐1 activation induces inflammation and increases the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Mugisho Odunayo O. , Robilliard Laverne D. , Nicholson Louise F. B. , Graham E. Scott , O'Carroll Simon J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuroinflammatory disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are characterised by chronic inflammation and loss of vascular integrity. Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) activation has been implicated in many neuroinflammatory diseases, but the contribution of B1R to inflammation and vascular breakdown is yet to be determined. As a result, the present study evaluated the effect of B1R stimulation using Des‐Arg‐9‐BK on the cytokine profile and junctional properties of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs). Results showed that stimulation of B1R receptors increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), but decreased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a cytokine and growth factor required for maintenance of the vasculature. B1R stimulation also resulted in the loss of occludin expression at tight junctions with no change in VE‐cadherin expression. There was also a significant increase in permeability to Evans blue albumin, suggesting an increase of vascular permeability. Taken together, these results suggest that B1R activation that occurs in neuroinflammatory diseases may contribute to both the inflammation and loss of blood‐brain barrier integrity that is characteristic of these diseases.
Invasive hemodynamic assessment of patients with submassive pulmonary embolism
Authors: Khandhar Sameer J. , Mehta Mili , Cilia Lindsey , Palevsky Harold , Matthai William , Rivera‐Lebron Belinda , Toma Catalin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the invasive hemodynamics in patients with intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism (PE) and the change that occurs with catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT).BackgroundIntermediate‐risk PE is associated with right ventricular strain and worse outcomes yet the invasive hemodynamics have not been well described.MethodsNinety‐two consecutive patients with intermediate‐risk PE referred for CDT at two tertiary medical centers with Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams were included in this prospective cohort study. Hemodynamics at baseline and after CDT therapy was measured. Patients with cardiac index (CI) ≤1.8 L min–1 m–2 were compared to those without shock (CI > 1.8). Linear regression analysis was performed to study the relationship between clinical variables and low CI.ResultsThirty‐seven out of 92 (40%) had a CI less than 1.8 L min–1 m–2. When comparing the low CI to the normal CI groups, most demographics, vital signs, biomarkers, and PE severity index (PESI) scores were similar. The low CI group had more females and slightly lower systolic blood pressures although still in the normal range (122 vs. 132 mmHg, p = .026). Treatment with CDT was associated with significant improvement in CI, heart rate, and pulmonary artery pressures in both groups. Linear regression analysis did not reveal a strong correlation between CI and noninvasive metrics such as heart rate, blood pressure, or PESI score.ConclusionsForty percent of patients with submassive PE had a depressed CI and treatment with CDT lead to hemodynamic improvements. Invasive hemodynamics may help better identify higher risk patients and guide therapy.
Elucidating differences in phenolic profile between tef (Eragrostis tef) varieties using multivariate analyses
Authors: Sliwinski Anna , Hopfer Helene , Ziegler Gregory R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesTef (Eragrostis tef) is a cereal grain endemic to Ethiopia commonly consumed as injera, a fermented, pancake‐like bread. Tef is milled whole, retaining free, conjugated, and bound phenolic compounds that are concentrated in the bran and may differentially influence metabolism when consumed. Tef cultivars are classified by color into white and brown, an indication that they may differ in their phenolic content. This work aimed to analyze the effect of cultivar on the phenolic profile of tef grain (Eragrostis tef) while controlling for location and growing season.FindingsThe free, conjugated, and bound phenolic profiles of six tef cultivars, grown in the same season and location (Bishoftu a.k.a. Debrezeit, Ethiopia), and two grown in Idaho, USA, were characterized by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV/Vis detection (HPLC–DAD). Subsequent uni‐ and multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple factor analysis (MFA), showed that brown and white tef cultivars can be differentiated by their free and bound phenolic fractions (free total phenolic content range = 0.12–0.19 μg/g defatted tef flour (DTF); bound total phenolic content range = 0.80–1.12 μg/g DTF). The most abundant phenolic compound in the bound fraction was ferulic acid, with the white‐colored DZ‐Cr‐384 (Kuncho) cultivar showing the highest bound ferulic acid content (280.73 μg/g DTF).ConclusionsThere are differences between the phenolic compounds of white and brown tef, likely due to differences in cultivars and growing conditions as well as extraction methods in addition to variety. Even when total phenolic content did not differ between varieties, the specific phenolic composition differed between cultivars. Therefore, when choosing tef varieties for use in in vitro or in vivo studies, it is important to consider that even the same cultivar may differ in phenolic content depending on factors such as growing location, storage time, and age.Significance and noveltyComprehensive sample preparation is required to obtain a complete picture of differences in health‐promoting phenolic compounds in whole grains such as tef.
Recent Developments and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Gas Separation Membranes
Authors: Zia ul Mustafa Muhammad , bin Mukhtar Hilmi , Md Nordin Nik Abdul Hadi , Mannan Hafiz Abdul , Nasir Rizwan , Fazil Nabilah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlue gas emissions and the harmful effects of these gases urge to separate and capture these unwanted gases. Ionic liquids due to negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability, and wide electrochemical stability have expanded its application in gas separations. A comprehensive overview of the recent developments and applications of ionic liquid membranes (ILMs) for gas separation is given. The three general classifications of ILMs, such as supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), ionic liquid polymeric membranes (ILPMs), and ionic liquid mixed‐matrix membranes (ILMMMs) along with their applications, for the separation of various mixed gases systems is discussed in detail. Furthermore, issues, challenges, computational study, and future perspectives for ILMs are also considered.