bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of the ancient Eurasian medicinal plant genus Bryonia (Cucurbitaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast sequences
Authors: Volz Stefanie M. , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMedicinal uses of Bryonia (Cucurbitaceae) have been recorded for over two millennia, and even today there is a considerable market for Bryonia preparations in homeopathic medicine. The long use as a medicinal plant has led to anthropogenic range changes, followed by naturalization and invasiveness in disturbed habitats, for example, in the United States and New Zealand. Here we use phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of chloroplast and nuclear sequences to infer the major evolutionary units within Bryonia as well as their geographic history. Major clades in the gene trees fit with morphological differences and probably define ten biological species. Five species are endemic in the Irano‐Turanian region, which also harbors the greatest chloroplast and nuclear haplotype diversity. Eurasia north of the southern permafrost border during the last glacial maximum has low species and haplotype diversity, fitting with relatively recent recolonization. The provenience of the B. alba genotype introduced to the United States could not be narrowed down; the B. dioica introduced to New Zealand and Georgia came from north‐central, not southwestern Europe. In spite of anthropogenic range changes, Bryonia chloroplast haplotypes show a clear geographic pattern, and the role of interspecific hybridization appears to have been limited.
Typification of Sphaerocarpos michelii Bellardi, S. terrestris Sm. and Targioniasphaerocarpos Dicks. (Marchantiophyta, Sphaerocarpaceae)
Authors: Schill Daniela B. , Miserere Luca , Long David G. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPlate 3 (lower) in Micheli’s Nova Plantarum Genera is selected as lectotype for the names Sphaerocarpos michelii Bellardi, S. terrestris Sm. and Targionia sphaerocarpos Dicks. Because no other original material could be traced and as Micheli’s illustration is demonstrably ambiguous and cannot be critically identified for purposes of the precise application of the name (Art. 9.7) an epitype has been designated from Northern Italy. Spores of the epitype are illustrated.
Phylogenetic placement of Triaenophora (formerly Scrophulariaceae) with some implications for the phylogeny of Lamiales
Authors: Albach Dirk C. , Yan Kun , Jensen Søren Rosendal , Li Hong-Qing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic placement of Triaenophora together with Rehmannia were explored with DNA sequence data from five regions (rbcL, ndhF, rps16, trnL‐F, nr ITS) in two combined data matrices. One (rbcL, ndhF, rps16) represented a wide sampling across most families of Lamiales. The other data matrix represented two DNA regions partly unalignable across Lamiales (trnL‐F, nr ITS) plus rps16, which proved to be variable enough to give resolution at a smaller taxonomic level in Lamiales. Triaenophora rupestris and Rehmannia are sister taxa, composing a strongly supported clade, which is sister to all representative genera of Orobanchaceae. Furthermore, Paulowniaceae and Phrymaceae are next to Orobanchaceae and Triaenophora‐Rehmannia clade. All of the above taxa are only distantly related to Scrophulariaceae and/or Plantaginaceae (sensu APG II). Mazus and Lancea would be excluded from Phrymaceae. The resulting phylogeny is in agreement with other data such as phytochemistry and provides a framework for further investigation of character evolution in Lamiales.
Phylogenetic relationships of Atocion and Viscaria (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae) inferred from chloroplast, nuclear ribosomal, and low‐copy gene DNA sequences
Authors: Frajman Božo , Heidari Nahid , Oxelman Bengt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAtocion and Viscaria are two of seven small genera recognised in the tribe Sileneae on the basis of molecular phylogenies. The aim of the present study is to infer phylogenetic relationships among their subordinate taxa, using chloroplast (rps16 intron, psbE‐petG spacer region) and nuclear (ITS and the RNA polymerase gene family) DNA sequences. Relative dating was used to discriminate among intralineage and interlineage processes that cause incongruence among different gene‐tree topologies. Atocion asterias is demonstrated to belong to Viscaria, which contains three species: V. vulgaris (incl. V. atropurpurea), V. alpina, and V. asterias. Infraspecific differentiation of V. alpina is not supported by the sequence data. The traditional sectional delimitation of Atocion taxa within Silene is not supported phylogenetically, and Silene tatarinowii as well as S. hoefftiana do not belong to Atocion, as classified previously. Atocion contains six species: A. armeria, A. compactum, A. lerchenfeldianum, A. reuterianum, A. rupestre, and A. scythicinum (not included in our study). With this circumscription, Atocion and Viscaria, respectively, form monophyletic groups in the cpDNA, ITS, RPD2a and RPD2b trees, but not in the RPA2 tree, where such relationships were possibly distorted by ancient hybridisation. Hybridisation with subsequent chloroplast capture is likely to have taken place in the evolutionary history of A. compactum. Three novel nomenclatural combinations are made: Atocion reuterianum, A. scythicinum and Viscaria asterias.
Circumscription and phylogeny of the Elaphoglossum ciliatum group (E. sect. Lepidoglossa, Dryopteridaceae) based on cpDNA sequences
Authors: Vasco Alejandra , Moran Robbin C. , Rouhan Germinal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae) is one of the most diverse genera of ferns, yet it is noteworthy for lacking monographic studies for any of its subgroups. This study was an attempt to find a clade within Elaphoglossum with a convenient size for monographic study. The main goals were to determine what other species might belong to a clade of three species (E. burchellii, E. ciliatum, E. nigrescens) recovered by previous molecular analyses and to examine the phylogeny of the constituent species of that clade. Molecular data from three non‐coding intergenic chloroplast spacers atpB‐rbcL, rps4‐trnS, and trnL‐trnF, were used. The taxon sampling included 52 species of Elaphoglossum sect. Lepidoglossa. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses resolved a ten‐species clade (here named the Elaphoglossum ciliatum group), which included the three original species. Three of the species are endemic to the island of St. Helena in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The other seven species are all Neotropical, occurring from Mexico and the West Indies to southern Brazil. Species of the E. ciliatum group are characterized by laminar scales reduced to minute dots, cristate, echinate perispores, and resinous rhizomes. Other well‐supported clades within E. sect. Lepidoglossa were recovered in the analyses and are briefly discussed.
Resolving maternal relationships in the clubmoss genus Diphasiastrum (Lycopodiaceae)
Authors: Aagaard Sunniva M.D. , Vogel Johannes C. , Wikström Niklas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiphasiastrum comprises 20–30 species. In addition to a number of species with a circumboreal distribution, several island endemics and putative diploid hybrid species contribute to the diversity of the group. To assess the integrity and relationships of the recognized species, a global phylogeny of Diphasiastrum is constructed using five chloroplast regions comprising ca. 9,000 bp. Six monophyletic groups are established. Accessions identified as hybrid species cluster in all but one case together with one of its putative parents. Allelic information combined with sequence information obtained from two chloroplast microsatellite loci is found diagnostic for the three putative parental taxa in the Central Europe hybrid complexes. Haplotype screening is performed on six Central European populations, from where one or more putative diploid hybrid species have been reported to grow in sympatry with their parent species. The most common parental haplotypes are identified in all populations. Additional intraspecific variation, restricted to single populations, is identified in all sympatric populations at very low frequencies. Taking the low degree of sequence and microsatellite variation into consideration, the acknowledged morphological diversity in Central Europe is probably best explained by phenotypic plasticity, ancestral polymorphisms or relatively recent events of reticulate evolution.
Globally grown, but poorly known: species limits and biogeography of Gazania Gaertn. (Asteraceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data
Authors: Howis Seranne , Barker Nigel P. , Mucina Ladislav 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGazania is a popular horticultural subject worldwide and comprises 16 species, all from southern Africa. However, species delimitation is difficult as many species are morphologically variable. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of 15 species of Gazania, based on DNA sequence data from four non‐coding chloroplast regions (trnL‐intron, trnL‐trnF spacer, psbA‐trnH spacer, rps16 intron) and two nuclear spacers (Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS; partial External Transcribed Spacer, ETS). The phylogenies derived from the plastid and nuclear datasets were not entirely congruent, but data combination was undertaken. Of the 15 species sampled, only 7 are supported as monophyletic. Most of the remaining taxa form a large, poorly resolved clade corresponding to a large, morphologically variable species complex. Using a range of ITS mutation rates, the diversification of the genus is estimated to have begun approximately 6.6 mya. The phylogeny, in conjunction with the distribution patterns, suggests that this genus arose in the semi‐arid to arid Richtersveld/Namib regions of South Africa and Namibia.
Successful DNA amplification of a more than 200‐year‐old herbarium specimen: recovering genetic material from the Linnaean era
Authors: Andreasen Katarina , Manktelow Mariette , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe limit for successful DNA extraction was tested by amplification and sequencing of an over 200‐year‐old herbarium specimen collected by Adam Afzelius, a student of Carl Linnaeus. We amplified and sequenced a 800‐bp region between 16S ribosomal DNA and the 3′ part of the trnI gene (16S‐trnI) in the chloroplast genome of Phaulopsis talbotii S. Moore (Acanthaceae). To test the replicability and to control for contamination the procedure was performed in sealed vials and with negative PCR controls. The procedure was also repeated in a separate laboratory. In addition, the chloroplast rpl16 intron was successfully amplified and sequenced and the rps16 intron amplified. Sequences of taxa closely related to Acanthaceae were found to be most similar to the produced sequences. The results suggest that molecular investigations of other 18th century botanical collections are feasible and that molecular methods could be employed for comparative studies to extant plant collections. An important application would be to identify descendants or clones of Linnaean lectotypes by comparing DNA from these with potentially remnant plants from Linnaeus' cultivations.
Imperato, Cirillo, and a series of unfortunate events: a novel approach to assess the unknown provenance of historical herbarium specimens
Authors: De Natale Antonino , Cellinese Nicoletta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDuring a survey of the historical collections stored at the Herbarium of the Facolta' di Agraria, Universita' di Napoli (PORUN), we found 170 specimens of unknown provenance mixed within the surviving Domenico Cirillo’s herbarium (18th century). These 170 specimens were strikingly different from the rest and had never been studied previously. From an initial close examination, we suggested that they may date back to the 16th to 17th century, and likely have been part of Ferrante Imperato’s historical herbarium. To test our initial hypothesis, we employed an empirical approach to assess the age and provenance of these specimens. First of all, we assembled the available literature regarding the history of Italian botanical collections and collectors from the 16th to the 18th century in the political context of those years. We integrated our historical reconstruction with results obtained by radiocarbon analyses of the specimens and mounting paper, and watermark and paleographic analyses. Our combined results are consistent with the hypothesis that these unknown specimens may have been part of an 80 volumes herbarium that belonged to Ferrante Imperato, one of the earliest natural historians of our times. Our integrated methodology is novel in the field of historical specimen research and was critical in generating our final conclusions.
Typification of names in Papaver sect. Meconella Spach (Papaveraceae)
Authors: Elven Reidar , Petrovsky Vladislav V. , Solstad Heidi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSeveral names in the widespread arctic and northern boreal complexes of Papaver lapponicum–radicatum, P. nudicaule s.l., P. pulvinatum s.l., and related species are without identified or formally selected types. This absence of a nomenclatural standard has sometimes made the application of these names contradictory among authors. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Papaver angustifolium, P. lapponicum subsp. orientale, P. minutiflorum, P. nudicaule var. labradoricum, P. pulvinatum, P. pulvinatum subsp. tschuktschorum, and P. radicatum subsp. occidentale. A previously designated lectotype for P. pulvinatum subsp. lenaense is rejected on the grounds that it was based on inadmissible material and a new one is designated. A holotype of P. nudicaule subsp. gracile is identified.
Methods and considerations concerning cardiac output measurement in pregnant women: recommendations of the International Working Group on Maternal Hemodynamics
Authors: Bijl R. C. , Valensise H. , Novelli G. P. , Vasapollo B. , Wilkinson I. , Thilaganathan B. , Stöhr E. J. , Lees C. , van der Marel C. D. , Cornette J. M. J. ,   on behalf of the International Working Group on Maternal Hemodynamics
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTCardiac output (CO), along with blood pressure and vascular resistance, is one of the most important parameters of maternal hemodynamic function. Substantial changes in CO occur in normal pregnancy and in most obstetric complications. With the development of several non‐invasive techniques for the measurement of CO, there is a growing interest in the determination of this parameter in pregnancy. These techniques were initially developed for use in critical‐care settings and were subsequently adopted in obstetrics, often without appropriate validation for use in pregnancy. In this article, methods and devices for the measurement of CO are described and compared, and recommendations are formulated for their use in pregnancy, with the aim of standardizing the assessment of CO and peripheral vascular resistance in clinical practice and research studies on maternal hemodynamics. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Elastodynamic problem for a layered composite with penny‐shaped crack under harmonic torsion
Authors: Mykhas'kiv Viktor , Stankevych Volodymyr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDynamic stress intensification due to the penny‐shaped crack in a three‐component elastic solid consisting of two dissimilar half‐spaces and intermediate layer is analyzed. Twisting time‐harmonic loading is applied to the opposite surfaces of the crack, which can be located in any component of the composite and has parallel orientation to its interfaces. Corresponding frequency‐domain problem is solved by an improved boundary integral equation method, where identical satisfaction of perfect contact conditions at two presented interfaces is provided. Then, application of the dynamic loading condition on the crack‐surfaces results in two uncoupled boundary integral equations relative to the tangential crack‐opening‐displacements. These quantities are defined by the collocation technique. Numerical examples concern the effects of the dimensionless wave number, the material mismatch, and the crack‐interfaces distance on the mode‐III dynamic stress intensity factor in the crack vicinity.
A Multi-scalar Approach to Long-Term Dynamics, Spatial Relations and Economic Networks of Roman Secondary Settlements in Italy and the Ombrone Valley System (Southern Tuscany): Towards a Model?
Authors: Bertoldi Stefano , Castiglia Gabriele , Castrorao Barba Angelo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Roman landscapes, the particular sites defined as secondary settlements (also known asvici/villages, minor centres,agglomérations secondairesand/orstationes/mansiones) have played an ‘intermediary’ role between the cities and other rural structures (villae/farms), linked to medium- and long-distance economic and commercial trajectories. The aim of this paper is to apply a multi-scalar approach to model their long-term spatial relationships and connectivity with the Mediterranean exchange network. On the macro-scale, we have analysed a sample of 219 reviewed sites to understand the diachronic trends and spatial dynamics of attraction/proximity to significant elements of the landscape such as towns, roads, rivers and coastline. The Ombrone Valley (Tuscany, Italy) represents a micro-scale case study of a complex system, in which the imported pottery (amphorae, African Red Slip ware,ingobbiata di rosso) found in thevicus/mansioof Santa Cristina in Caio, the Romanvillaof La Befa and the town of Siena (Saena Iulia) provided diagnostic ‘macroeconomic’ perspectives. The results show how the secondary settlements occupied a nodal position in the Roman landscape in terms of resilience (long period of occupation until the Early Middle Ages) and spatial organization with a close relationship to natural and anthropic infrastructures and trade functions linked to Mediterranean routes.
Palaeogeographic-Analysis Approaches to Transport and Settlement in the Dutch Part of the Roman Limes
Authors: Groenhuijzen Mark R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of the PhD research on which this chapter is based is to reconstruct and analyse the cultural landscape of the Dutch limes area using computational approaches, specifically to model and analyse transport networks, settlement patterns and their relationship with the natural environment, to better understand the interactions between the Roman military population and the local population that lived in this frontier region. The goal of this chapter is to present the general results of this study and showcase the technical, methodological and interpretative aspects that it has contributed to the research field of computational archaeology and to the archaeological understanding of the Dutch part of the Roman limes.
Technology development for ultraintense all-OPCPA systems
Authors: Bromage J. , Bahk S.-W. , Begishev I. A. , Dorrer C. , Guardalben M. J. , Hoffman B. N. , Oliver J. B. , Roides R. G. , Schiesser E. M. , Shoup III M. J. , Spilatro M. , Webb B. , Weiner D. , Zuegel J. D. 
Published: February 2019

Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) [Dubietis et al., Opt. Commun. 88, 437 (1992)] implemented by multikilojoule Nd:glass pump lasers is a promising approach to produce ultraintense pulses (${>}10^{23}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$). Technologies are being developed to upgrade the OMEGA EP Laser System with the goal to pump an optical parametric amplifier line (EP OPAL) with two of the OMEGA EP beamlines. The resulting ultraintense pulses (1.5 kJ, 20 fs, $10^{24}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$) would be used jointly with picosecond and nanosecond pulses produced by the other two beamlines. A midscale OPAL pumped by the Multi-Terawatt (MTW) laser is being constructed to produce 7.5-J, 15-fs pulses and demonstrate scalable technologies suitable for the upgrade. MTW OPAL will share a target area with the MTW laser (50 J, 1 to 100 ps), enabling several joint-shot configurations. We report on the status of the MTW OPAL system, and the technology development required for this class of all-OPCPA laser system for ultraintense pulses.
Does Love Matter to Infants' Health: Influence of Maternal Attachment Representations on Reports of Infant Health
Authors: Scharfe Elaine , Black Nicole 
Published: February 2019

Although there is considerable support for the influence of maternal attachment on children's development (see Gerhardt, 2015), this is one of the first studies to examine the effects of maternal prenatal reports of attachment representations with close others on reports of infants’ health. Mothers (N = 483) completed surveys to assess attachment and depression in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, infants’ health over the first 6 months, and depression and infant temperament when infants were 6 months old. We found that insecure mothers, as compared to secure mothers, were more likely to report that their infants experienced colic and illnesses associated with immune, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. It may be that secure mothers experience less anxiety associated with parenting and, as expected, were consistently found to report lower levels of infant illness symptoms. Alternatively, secure mothers would be expected to provide more consistent and responsive care compared to insecure mothers, which may also influence their infants’ physical health (see also Gerhardt, 2015). Future research needs to further explore this finding — do secure mothers simply perceive their infants to be healthier due to their own low anxiety or are infants of secure mothers healthier due to consistent and responsive care received?
THE “LEGITIMATE INTEREST IN PERFORMANCE” IN THE LAW ON PENALTIES
Authors: Rowan Solène 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe article focuses on the “legitimate interest in performance” requirement which is now at the heart of the new test on penalty clauses but which has been left undefined by the Supreme Court in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi and ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2016]. It seeks to bring clarity to what is meant by “legitimate interest in performance” by examining other areas of the law of remedies for breach of contract where concepts of legitimate interest have featured in the court’s reasoning. It also makes suggestions as to what considerations are or might be relevant in determining whether a contracting party has a legitimate interest in performance, in particular a legitimate interest that goes beyond compensation.
Annealing of ssDNA and compaction of dsDNA by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid and Gag proteins visualized using nanofluidic channels
Authors: Jiang Kai , Humbert Nicolas , KK Sriram , Lequeu Thiebault , Lin Yii-Lih , Mely Yves , Westerlund Fredrik 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The nucleocapsid protein NC is a crucial component in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 life cycle. It functions both in its processed mature form and as part of the polyprotein Gag that plays a key role in the formation of new viruses. NC can protect nucleic acids (NAs) from degradation by compacting them to a dense coil. Moreover, through its NA chaperone activity, NC can also promote the most stable conformation of NAs. Here, we explore the balance between these activities for NC and Gag by confining DNA–protein complexes in nanochannels. The chaperone activity is visualized as concatemerization and circularization of long DNA via annealing of short single-stranded DNA overhangs. The first ten amino acids of NC are important for the chaperone activity that is almost completely absent for Gag. Gag condenses DNA more efficiently than mature NC, suggesting that additional residues of Gag are involved. Importantly, this is the first single DNA molecule study of full-length Gag and we reveal important differences to the truncated Δ-p6 Gag that has been used before. In addition, the study also highlights how nanochannels can be used to study reactions on ends of long single DNA molecules, which is not trivial with competing single DNA molecule techniques.