bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancement Flap Using Excess Skin for Upper Eyelid Full-Thickness Defects
Authors: Ito Riri , Maeda Taku , Yamamoto Yuhei , Funayama Emi , Murao Naoki , Osawa Masayuki , Ishikawa Kosuke , Ikeda Masaki , Hayashi Toshihiko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reconstruction of upper eyelid defects should aim for a moveable lid with perfect corneal protection and good aesthetic quality. Numerous procedures to reconstruct large upper eyelid defects have been reported, but these methods require 2-stage procedures. A new method for reconstructing full-thickness upper eyelid defects after tumor excision in a single stage was presented in this study. The preferred technique uses excess skin as an advancement flap together with an ear cartilage graft for the lining. Reconstruction was performed with an advancement flap using excess skin and ear cartilage for full-thickness defects after upper eyelid tumor excision. The rectangular flap was outlined on the excess skin of the upper eyelid. After tumor resection of the full-thickness defect, the ear cartilage was sutured to the remaining tarsus. The residual levator aponeurosis and posterior lamellar were connected to the transplanted ear cartilage. The outer layer was reconstructed with an advancement rectangular flap. The authors performed this technique for 4 patients, aged 62 to 88 years, for upper eyelid reconstruction. Good functional and aesthetic results were achieved for all patients. Our method involves a single-stage reconstruction, which is simpler and less invasive than other techniques.
Epidemiology and predictors of repeat positive chlamydia tests: The Brant County cohort, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Santos Jenny Pereira , Babayan Alexey , Huang Miao Jing , Jolly Ann 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesRepeat positive tests for chlamydia (CR) may help explain current high rates of chlamydia despite years of screening, partner notification and treatment to reduce sequelae. We wanted to determine the numbers of CRs over time as a proportion of all chlamydia cases, and define the differences in demographic, clinical, behavioural, and public health management indicators, between individuals who have experienced a CR and individuals who experienced a single infection in Brant County, Ontario.MethodsA retrospective cohort was developed using notifiable disease data extracted from the integrated public health system. Cases were laboratory confirmed chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in Brant County between January 1st, 2006 and December 31st, 2015. During the study period, 3,499 chlamydia cases and 475 gonorrhea cases were diagnosed. The total number of individuals with chlamydia in that period was 3,060, including 157 coinfections with gonorrhea. Differences between those with reinfection and those with single infection were evaluated using univariate and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards model) methods.ResultsFour hundred and ninety-nine (16.30%) individuals experienced CR 28 days from initial infection; of which 328 (65.73%) occurred within 2 years and 211 (42.28%) within 1 year. The median time to CR was 276 days, consistent with existing Canadian literature. Independent risk factors for CR included being male, 25 years old or younger, and not receiving recommended treatment for initial and/or subsequent infection.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that inadequate treatment play a significant role in CR, while accounting for young age and male gender, likely due to untreated sex partners.Key MessagesSixteen percent of people experienced a second positive chlamydia test more than 28 days after their initial positive test in a cohort of 3,499 patientsThose who had a second positive test were more likely to be male, younger than 25 and had not received recommended antimicrobialsConfirmation of any kind of partner notification was missing in 88% of records
Incidence of Respiratory distress and its predictors among neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit, Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Asmare Yared , Mekonen Hussien , Yirga Tadesse , Habtewold Tesfa Dejenie , Endalamaw Aklilu , Shibabaw Wondimeneh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Respiratory distress is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the globe, it is a serious concern more of in resource limited nations, like Ethiopia. Besides, few studies are available in developing countries. Data from different settings is needed to tackle it. Therefore, we intended to assess the incidence and predictors of respiratory distress among neonates who were admitted in neonatal Intensive care unit (NICU) at Black Lion Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 571 neonates from January 2013 to March 2018. Data were collected by reviewing patients chart using systematic sampling technique with a pretested checklist; entered using Epi-data 4.2 and analyzed with STATA 14. Median time, Kaplan-Meier survival estimation curve and Log-rank test were computed. Bivariable and multivariable Gompertz parametric hazards models were fitted to detect the determinant of respiratory distress. Hazard ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. Variables with reported p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe proportion of respiratory distress among of neonates admitted in Black Lion specialized hospital neonatal intensive care unit was 42.9 % (95%CI: 39.3-46.1%) with incidence of 8.1/100(95%CI: 7.3, 8.9)).Being male [AHR=2.4 (95%CI:1.1,3.1)], neonates born via caesarean section [AHR:1,.9((95%CI:1.6,2.3)], home delivery [AHR :2.9 (95%CI:1.5, 5,2)], maternal diabetes mellitus [AHR 2.3(95%CI: 1.4, 3.6)], preterm birth [AHR:2.9(95%CI:1.6, 5.1)] and APGAR score less than 7 [AHR: 3.1 (95%CI:1.8,5.0)] were found to be significant predictors of respiratory distress.ConclusionsThe incidence of respiratory distress among neonates was found to be high. Those neonates delivered at home, delivered through caesarean section, preterm neonates, whose APGAR score<7, and born from diabetic mothers were more likely to develop respiratory distress. All concerned bodies should work on preventing RD and give special attention for multifactorial cause of it. Thus; it is indicated to promote health institutional delivery more. Besides, a need to establish and/or strengthen strategies to prevent the occurrence of respiratory distress among babies with low APGAR score, preterm babies, born from diabetes mellitus mothers, and delivered through caesarean section.
Not all animals are equal - farm living and allergy in Upper Bavaria
Authors: Wjst Matthias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA lower allergy and asthma prevalence in farm children has been described three decades ago in Switzerland.ObjectiveAfter years of research into bacterial exposure at farms, the origin of the farm effect is still unknown. We now hypothesize, that there is no such an effect in large industrial cattle farms with slatted floors indoors but in small farms only where animals are grazing outdoors and are having a higher endoparasite load.MethodsWe re-analyze an earlier epidemiological study by record-linkage to later agricultural surveys. The Asthma and Allergy Study in 1989/90 was a cross-sectional study of 1714 ten year old children in 63 villages covering ten different districts of Upper Bavaria. The farm effect is defined here as the association of number of cows per villager on lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis prevalence in the children of this village.ResultsThe farm effect is restricted to small villages only. Furthermore, districts with higher Fasciola infection rates of cows, show a significant stronger farm effect than districts with lower infection rates.ConclusionsThe results warrant further research into human immune response to endoparasites in livestock.
Distance to white matter trajectories is associated with treatment response to internal capsule deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Liebrand Luka C. , Natarajan Samuel J. , Caan Matthan W.A. , Schuurman P. Rick , van den Munckhof Pepijn , de Kwaasteniet Bart , Luigjes Judy , Bergfeld Isidoor O. , Denys Damiaan , van Wingen Guido A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an innovative treatment for treatment-resistant depression. DBS is usually targeted at specific anatomical landmarks, with patients responding to DBS in approximately 50% of cases. Attention has recently shifted to white matter tracts to explain DBS response, with initial open-label trials targeting white matter tracts yielding much higher response rates (>70%).MethodsWe associated distance to individual white matter tracts around the stimulation target in the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule to treatment response. We performed diffusion magnetic resonance tractography of the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle and the anterior thalamic radiation in fourteen patients that participated in our randomized clinical trial. We combined the tract reconstructions with the postoperative images to identify the DBS leads and estimated the distance between tracts and leads, which we subsequently associated with treatment response.ResultsStimulation closer to both tracts was significantly correlated to a larger symptom decrease (r=0.61, p=0.02), suggesting that stimulation more proximal to the tracts was beneficial. There was no difference in lead placement with respect to anatomical landmarks, which could mean that differences in treatment response were driven by individual differences in white matter anatomy.ConclusionsOur results suggest that deep brain stimulation of the ventral anterior limb of the internal capsule could benefit from targeting white matter bundles. We recommend acquiring diffusion magnetic resonance data for each individual patient.
Identification of newborns at risk for autism using electronic medical records and machine learning
Authors: Rahman Rayees , Kodesh Arad , Levine Stephen Z , Sandin Sven , Reichenberg Abraham , Schlessinger Avner 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImportanceCurrent approaches for early identification of individuals at high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the general population are limited, where most ASD patients are not identified until after the age of 4. This is despite substantial evidence suggesting that early diagnosis and intervention improves developmental course and outcome.ObjectiveDevelop a machine learning (ML) method predicting the diagnosis of ASD in offspring in a general population sample, using parental electronic medical records (EMR) available before childbirthDesignPrognostic study of EMR data within a single Israeli health maintenance organization, for the parents of 1,397 ASD children (ICD-9/10), and 94,741 non-ASD children born between January 1st, 1997 through December 31st, 2008. The complete EMR record of the parents was used to develop various ML models to predict the risk of having a child with ASD.Main outcomes and measuresRoutinely available parental sociodemographic information, medical histories and prescribed medications data until offspring’s birth were used to generate features to train various machine learning algorithms, including multivariate logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and random forest. Prediction performance was evaluated with 10-fold cross validation, by computing C statistics, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive rate, and precision (positive predictive value, PPV).ResultsAll ML models tested had similar performance, achieving an average C statistics of 0.70, sensitivity of 28.63%, specificity of 98.62%, accuracy of 96.05%, false positive rate of 1.37%, and positive predictive value of 45.85% for predicting ASD in this dataset.Conclusion and relevanceML algorithms combined with EMR capture early life ASD risk. Such approaches may be able to enhance the ability for accurate and efficient early detection of ASD in large populations of children.Key pointsQuestionCan autism risk in children be predicted using the pre-birth electronic medical record (EMR) of the parents?FindingsIn this population-based study that included 1,397 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 94,741 non-ASD children, we developed a machine learning classifier for predicting the likelihood of childhood diagnosis of ASD with an average C statistic of 0.70, sensitivity of 28.63%, specificity of 98.62%, accuracy of 96.05%, false positive rate of 1.37%, and positive predictive value of 45.85%.MeaningThe results presented serve as a proof-of-principle of the potential utility of EMR for the identification of a large proportion of future children at a high-risk of ASD.
Memory recovery is related to default mode network impairment and neurite density during brain tumours treatment
Authors: Romero-Garcia Rafael , Suckling John , Owen Mallory , Assem Moataz , Sinha Rohitashwa , Coelho Pedro , Woodberry Emma , Price Stephen J , Burke Amos , Santarius Thomas , Erez Yaara , Hart Michael 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to test brain tumour interactions with brain networks thereby identifying protective features and risk factors for memory recovery after surgical resection.MethodsSeventeen patients with diffuse non-enhancing glioma (aged 22-56 years) were longitudinally MRI-scanned before and after surgery, and during a 12-months recovery period (47 MRI in total after exclusion). After each scanning session, a battery of memory tests was performed using a tablet-based screening tool, including free verbal memory, overall verbal memory, episodic memory, orientation, forward digit span and backwards digit span. Using structural MRI and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) derived from diffusion-weighted images, we respectively estimated lesion overlap and Neurite Density with brain networks derived from normative data in healthy participants (somato-motor, dorsal attention, ventral attention, fronto-parietal and Default Mode Network -DMN-). Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) that regressed out the effect of age, gender, tumour grade, type of treatment, total lesion volume and total neurite density were used to test the potential longitudinal associations between imaging markers and memory recovery.ResultsMemory recovery was not significantly associated with tumour location based on traditional lobe classification nor with the type of treatment received by patients (i.e. surgery alone or surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy). Non-local effects of tumours were evident on Neurite Density, which was reduced not only within the tumour, but also beyond the tumour boundary. In contrast, high preoperative Neurite Density outside the tumour, but within the DMN, was associated with better memory recovery (LMM, Pfdr<10−3). Furthermore, postoperative and follow-up Neurite Density within the DMN and fronto-parietal network were also associated with memory recovery (LMM, Pfdr=0.014 and Pfdr=0.001, respectively). Preoperative tumour, and post-operative lesion, overlap with the DMN showed a significant negative association with memory recovery (LMM, Pfdr=0.002 and Pfdr<10−4, respectively).ConclusionImaging biomarkers of cognitive recovery and decline can be identified using NODDI and resting-state networks. Brain tumours and their corresponding treatment affecting brain networks that are fundamental for memory functioning such as the DMN can have a major impact on patient’s memory recovery.
Eye contact in active and passive viewing: event-related brain potential evidence from a combined eye tracking and EEG study
Authors: Stephani T. , Kirk Driller K. , Dimigen O. , Sommer W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEye contact is a salient social cue which is assumed to influence early brain processes involved in face perception. The N170 component in the event-related potential (ERP) has frequently been reported to be larger to faces with an averted rather than direct gaze towards the observer. In most studies, however, this effect has been investigated in comparatively artificial, passive settings where participants were instructed to fixate their gaze while observing occasional gaze changes in stimulus faces. Yet, it is unclear whether similar mechanisms are in place during naturalistic gaze interactions involving the continuous interplay of directed and averted gaze between the communication partners. To fill this gap, we compared passive viewing of gaze change sequences with an active condition where participants’ own gaze continuously interacted with the gaze of a stimulus face; while recording ERPs and monitoring gaze with eye tracking. In addition, we investigated the relevance of emotional facial expressions for gaze processing. For both passive viewing and active interaction, N170 amplitudes were larger when the gaze of stimulus faces was averted rather than directed at the participants. Furthermore, eye contact decreased P300 amplitudes in both conditions. Emotional facial expression influenced N170 amplitudes but did not elicit an early posterior negativity nor did it interact with gaze direction. We conclude that comparable mechanisms of gaze perception are in place in gaze interaction as compared to passive viewing, encouraging the further study of the eye contact effect in naturalistic settings.
Sub-species niche specialization in the oral microbiome is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk
Authors: Debelius Justine W. , Huang Tingting , Cai Yonglin , Ploner Alexander , Barrett Donal , Zhou Xiaoying , Xiao Xue , Li Yancheng , Liao Jian , Zheng Yuming , Huang Guangwu , Adami Hans-Olov , Zeng Yi , Zhang Zhe , Ye Weimin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOral health and changes in the oral microbiome have been associated with both local and systemic cancer. Poor oral hygiene is a known risk factor for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), a virally-associated head and neck cancer endemic to southern China. We explored the relationship between NPC and the oral microbiome using 16s rRNA sequencing in a study of 499 NPC patients and 495 population-based age and sex frequency-matched controls from an endemic area of Southern China. We found a significant reduction in community richness in cases compared to controls. Differences in the overall microbial community structure between cases and controls could not be explained by other potential confounders; disease status explained 5 times more variation in the Unweighted UniFrac distance than the next most explanatory variable. In feature-based analyses, we identified a pair of co-excludingGranulicatella adiacens(G. adicans) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) which were strongly associated with NPC status and differed by a single nucleotide. TheG. adicansvariant an individual carried was also associated with the overall microbial community based on beta diversity. Co-occurrence analysis suggested the twoG. adicansASVs sit at the center of two co-excluding clusters of closely related organisms. Our results suggest there are differences in the oral microbiome between NPC patients and healthy controls and these may be associated with both a loss of microbial diversity and niche specialization among closely related commensals.ImportanceThe relationship between oral health and the risk of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma has been previously established. However, the role of oral microbiome has not been evaluated in the disease in a large epidemiological study. This paper clearly establishes a difference in the oral microbiome between NPC patients and healthy controls which cannot be explained by other confounding factors. It furthermore identifies a pair of closely related co-excluding organisms associated with the disease, highlighting the importance of modern methods for single nucleotide resolution in 16s rRNA sequence characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first examples of cancer-associated niche-specialization of the oral microbiome.
Finding the neural correlates of collaboration using a three-person fMRI hyperscanning paradigm
Authors: Xie Hua , Howell Amber , Schreier Meredith , Sheau Kristen E. , Manchanda Mai K. , Ayub Rafi , Glover Gary , Jung Malte , Reiss Allan L. , Saggar Manish 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHumans have an extraordinary ability to interact and cooperate with others, which plays a pivotal role in societies at large. Despite its potential social and evolutionary significance, research on finding the neural correlates of collaboration has been limited partly due to restrictions on simultaneous neuroimaging of more than one participant (a.k.a. hyperscanning). A series of works now exists that used dyadic fMRI hyperscanning to examine the interaction between two participants. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has aimed at revealing the neural correlates of social interactions using a 3-person (or triadic) fMRI hyperscanning paradigm. Here, for the first time, we simultaneously measured the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal of triads (m=12 triads; n=36 participants), while they engaged in a joint drawing task based on the social game of Pictionary®. General linear model (GLM) analysis revealed increased activation in the brain regions previously linked with the theory of mind (ToM) during the collaborative phase compared to the independent phase of the task. Furthermore, using intersubject brain synchronization (IBS) analysis, we revealed increased synchrony of the right temporo-parietal junction (R TPJ) during the collaborative phase. The increased synchrony in the R TPJ was observed to be positively associated with the overall team performance on the task. In sum, our novel paradigm revealed a vital role of the R TPJ among other ToM regions during a triadic collaborative drawing task.
Semantic Reversal Anomalies under the Microscope: Task and Modality Influences on Language-Associated Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Kyriaki Louise , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel-Schlesewsky Ina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSemantic reversal anomalies (SRAs) – sentences where an implausibility is created by reversing participant roles – have attracted much attention in the literature on the electrophysiology of language. In spite of being syntactically well-formed but semantically implausible, these sentences unexpectedly elicited a monophasic P600 effect in English and Dutch rather than an N400 effect. Subsequent research revealed variability in the presence/absence of an N400 effect to SRAs depending on the language examined and the choice of verb type in English. However, most previous studies employed the same presentation modality (visual) and task (acceptability judgement). Here, we conducted two experiments and three statistical analyses to investigate the influence of stimulus modality, task demand, and statistical choices on event-related potential (ERP) response patterns to SRAs in English. We reproduced a previous study’s procedure and analysis (Bourguignon et al., 2012), and further introduced between-subjects factors of task type and modality, using mixed effects modelling to analyse the data. We observed an N400 effect to typical English SRAs (agent subject verbs, e.g. the fries will eat the boys), which contrasts existing literature and was not predicted by existing theories that account for SRA processing. Task demand modulated the ERPs elicited by SRAs, while auditory presentation led to increased comprehension accuracy and a more broadly distributed ERP. Finally, the statistical methods used influenced the presence/absence of ERP effects. Our results suggest a sensitivity of language-related ERP patterns to methodological parameters and we conclude that future experiments should take this into careful consideration.