bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cardio-oncologic burden of breast cancer: molecular mechanisms and importance of preclinical models
Authors: Brauer J. , Tumani M. , Frey N. , Lehmann L. H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer affecting women worldwide, poses a significant cardio-oncological burden. Despite advancements in novel therapeutic strategies, anthracyclines, HER2 antagonists, and radiation remain the cornerstones of oncological treatment. However, each carries a risk of cardiotoxicity, though the molecular mechanisms underlying these adverse effects differ. Common mechanisms include DNA damage response, increased reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are key areas of ongoing research for potential cardioprotective strategies. Since these mechanisms are also essential for effective tumor cytotoxicity, we explore tumor-specific effects, particularly in hereditary breast cancer linked to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. These genetic variants impair DNA repair mechanisms, increase the risk of tumorigenesis and possibly for cardiotoxicity from treatments such as anthracyclines and HER2 antagonists. Novel therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, are used in the clinic for triple-negative breast cancer and improve the oncological outcomes of breast cancer patients. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying BRCA dysfunction and the associated pathological pathways. It gives an overview of preclinical models of breast cancer, such as genetically engineered mouse models, syngeneic murine models, humanized mouse models, and various in vitro and ex vivo systems and models to study cardiovascular side effects of breast cancer therapies. Understanding the underlying mechanism of cardiotoxicity and developing cardioprotective strategies in preclinical models are essential for improving treatment outcomes and reducing long-term cardiovascular risks in breast cancer patients.
The Lamella Ostium Extent Mucosa (LOEM) system: a new classification and pilot study for endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Sanchez-Gomez Serafin , Martin-Jimenez Daniel , Moreno-Luna Ramon , Maza-Solano Juan , Calvo-Henriquez Christian , del Cuvillo Alfonso , Villacampa-Auba Jose M. , Santamaria-Gadea Alfonso , Garcia-Lliberos Ainhoa , Sanchez-Barrueco Alvaro , Martinez-Capoccioni Gabriel , Lobo-Duro David , Gonzalez-Garcia Jaime , Palacios-Garcia Jose , Fernandez-Liesa Rafael , Alobid Isam , Bernal-Sprekelsen Manuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study proposes the Lamella Ostium Extent Mucosa (LOEM) system as a compact and user-friendly classification for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), based on surgical bone extension and mucosal management, aiming to resolve inconsistencies in describing surgical techniques and extension levels, and to enhance comparability of outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods
LOEM uses a lettering system representing a specific topographical level: L identifies the lamellae, O the ostia, E the opening of the sinus walls, and M the mucosal approach. Eleven CRS surgical cases were independently evaluated by seven rhinologists following a Delphi method in two consecutive rounds. Consensus was assessed using Cohen's kappa.

Results
A substantial agreement was found among the experts (κ = 0.77) in the first round, although the M item only showed fair agreement (κ = 0.37). Clarifications for this item were given in the second round, after which, the overall agreement increased to κ = 0.81 and to κ = 0.79 for the M item. A decrease in agreement from substantial to moderate for O and E items in the second round was found. Test–retest analysis showed an almost perfect agreement (92.96%, κ = 0.82). In this study, a web-based app is provided to assist with the regular use of the LOEM system.

Conclusions
The LOEM system provides a compact, comprehensive code for ESS, integrating anatomical and functional aspects to represent surgical techniques described so far. This system may be suitable for facilitating communication between surgeons and collecting robust labeled data, hopefully leading to further standardization and validation of surgical approaches in future CRS studies.
Information-seeking in mice (Mus musculus) during visual discrimination: study using a distractor elimination paradigm
Authors: Hataji Yuya , Goto Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Some animals seek information to solve problems when they do not know the answer. Information-seeking behavior has become a key focus in studies of animal metacognition, providing insights into how animals monitor their own knowledge states. This behavior is thought to be a form of metacognitive control. Nevertheless, research on such metacognitive control has been biased toward specific taxa, such as primates, and has not been conducted in rodents, which are the most common experimental animals. This study examined whether mice exhibit information-seeking behavior during two visual discrimination tasks and what factors influence this behavior. We trained mice to discriminate between stimuli differing in luminance or orientation, with more minor differences increasing task difficulty. An information-seeking option was introduced during these tasks, allowing mice to eliminate distractor stimuli and ensure a correct response. The results indicated that mice sought information more frequently during difficult discriminations than easier ones. However, subsequent generalization tests revealed that the mice relied on environmental cues to utilize the information-seeking option. These findings suggest that information-seeking behavior in mice may not solely reflect metacognitive processes, and further investigation is needed to explore alternative explanations.
Predicting chemotherapy responsiveness in gastric cancer through machine learning analysis of genome, immune, and neutrophil signatures
Authors: Sasagawa Shota , Honma Yoshitaka , Peng Xinxin , Maejima Kazuhiro , Nagaoka Koji , Kobayashi Yukari , Oosawa Ayako , Johnson Todd A. , Okawa Yuki , Liang Han , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Yamada Yasuhide , Nakagawa Hidewaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer is a major oncological challenge, ranking highly among causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This study was initiated to address the variability in patient responses to combination chemotherapy, highlighting the need for personalized treatment strategies based on genomic data.

Methods
We analyzed whole-genome and RNA sequences from biopsy specimens of 65 advanced gastric cancer patients before their chemotherapy treatment. Using machine learning techniques, we developed a model with 123 omics features, such as immune signatures and copy number variations, to predict their chemotherapy outcomes.

Results
The model demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 70–80% in forecasting chemotherapy responses in both test and validation cohorts. Notably, tumor-associated neutrophils emerged as significant predictors of treatment efficacy. Further single-cell analyses from cancer tissues revealed different neutrophil subgroups with potential antitumor activities suggesting their usefulness as biomarkers for treatment decisions.

Conclusions
This study confirms the utility of machine learning in advancing personalized medicine for gastric cancer by identifying tumor-associated neutrophils and their subgroups as key indicators of chemotherapy response. These findings could lead to more tailored and effective treatment plans for patients.
Beyond Novelty and Growth: A Virtue Ethics Enquiry into Fashion Entrepreneurs’ Responsible and Harmonising Practices Towards Sustainability
Authors: Werner Andrea , Elf Patrick , Lyon Fergus , Vickers Ian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A growing number of small fashion entrepreneurs seek to offer an alternative to the mainstream fashion industry, which, in its obsession with novelty and growth, often ignores the costs to society and the environment. There is a need to develop a deeper understanding of how these fashion entrepreneurs may be agents for change in their industry. Using rich data from an in-depth study of 27 UK-based entrepreneurs, we offer such analysis, drawing on a novel framework that combines MacIntyre’s virtue ethics scheme and Jonas’s responsibility imperative. We identify key virtues—passionate commitment, authenticity, humility, sharing and empowering, and temperance—which shape the entrepreneurs’ practices in line with their accepted and perceived responsibility for sustainability. These virtues shape the entrepreneurial processes that seek an active negotiation and harmonisation of sustainability and the demands of business. In particular, we pay attention to the different ways in which fashion entrepreneurs take responsibility for sustainability which ranges from a ‘growth for impact’ strategy to staying small and seeking impact through influence and replication. Conclusions are drawn on conceptualising the varieties of ‘postgrowth entrepreneurship’ that aligns the virtues of a deep-rooted sense of responsibility with business goals. This shows what can be possible and prefigures an alternative fashion industry.
Syncopes, paresis and loss of vision after COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Weirauch Tobias , Schüttfort Gundolf , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractmRNA-based vaccines played a key role in fighting the global COVID-19 pandemic by saving millions of lives. In rare cases, however, the BNT162b2 vaccine has been associated with severe adverse reactions e.g. myocarditis (OE ratio 2.78; 95% CI 2.61; 2.95) [Faksova in Vaccine 42(9):2200-2211, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.100, Schwab in Clin Res Cardiol 112(3):431-440, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-022-02129-5]. Here, we describe the case of a 38-year-old man who developed a wide variety of long-term symptoms (fatigue, dizziness, palpitations with recurrent syncopes, paresthesia, paresis and fasciculations) following his first mRNA-based BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination. 143 days after vaccination, a subsequent COVID-19 infection was associated with exacerbation of paresis and a temporary loss of vision. After ruling out other causes and due to the immediate temporal association, an adverse reaction to vaccination appears likely. The fact that these symptoms worsened after a subsequent acute COVID 19 infection hints at the possibility of a common underlying pathophysiology. This case combines two clinical phenomena that have emerged during the COVID 19 pandemic, side effects associated with novel vaccines and Post-COVID Syndrome.
On types of elements, Gelfand and strongly harmonic rings of skew PBW extensions over weak compatible rings
Authors: Chacón Andrés , Higuera Sebastián , Reyes Armando 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate and characterize several kinds of elements such as units, idempotents, von Neumann regular, $$\pi $$
π
-regular and clean elements for skew PBW extensions over weak compatible rings. We also study the notions of Gelfand and Harmonic rings for these families of algebras. The results presented here extend those corresponding in the literature for commutative and noncommutative rings of polynomial type.
Defense guard: strategies of plants in the fight against Cadmium stress
Authors: Zhang Qian-hui , Chen Yi-qi , Li Zhen-bang , Tan Xuan-tong , Xin Guo-rong , He Chun-tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoil Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a worldwide problem with negative impacts on human health. Cultivating the Cd-Pollution Safety Cultivar (Cd-PSC) with lower Cd accumulation in edible parts of plants is an environmentally friendly approach to ensure food security with wide application prospects. Specialized mechanisms have been addressed for Cd accumulation in crops. This review provides an extensive generality of molecular regulation mechanisms involved in Cd absorption, transport, detoxification, and tolerance in plants, highlighting key aspects of rhizosphere, apoplast barrier, Cd uptake, transfer, and cellular repair strategies under Cd stress. Additionally, we summarize the possible approaches for lowering the Cd accumulation crops, including molecular-assistant breeding, applying chemical materials, and microbial strategy to decrease Cd content in edible parts and improve Cd tolerance of crops under Cd stress. This review would provide valuable insights for cultivating low Cd accumulated crop cultivars, ultimately contributing to food safety.
Mask Mandate Costs
Authors: Carlin Patrick , Raman Shyam , Simon Kosali , Sullivan Ryan , Wing Coady 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMask mandates were controversial policies during the pandemic. Although there is considerable research on the benefits of masks, there has been no research on the distribution of perceived costs of compliance with mask mandates. This article presents the results from a hypothetical set of questions related to mask-wearing behavior and opinions that were asked of a nationally representative sample of over 4,000 participants in early 2022. We use survey valuation methods to assess how much participants would be willing to pay to be exempted from rules of mandatory community masking. The survey asks specifically about a 3-month exemption. We find that the majority of respondents (56%) are not willing to pay to be exempted from mandatory masking. However, the average person was willing to pay $525, and a small segment of the population (0.9%) stated they were willing to pay over $5,000 to be exempted from the mandate. Younger respondents stated higher willingness to pay to avoid the mandate than older respondents. Combining our results with standard measures of the value of a statistical life, we estimate that a 3-month masking order was perceived as cost-effective through willingness to pay questions only if at least 13,333 lives were saved by the policy.
Rare Spinocerebellar Ataxia Types in Canada: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Alshimemeri Sohaila , Alsaghan Lamya , Alsamh Danah Abo , Zhou Lily , Furtado Sarah , Kraft Scott , Bruno Veronica , Appel-Cresswell Silke , Duquette Antoine , Brais Bernard , Suchowersky Oksana , Slow Elizabeth , Munhoz Renato P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT:

Background:
There is limited information on rare spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) variants, particularly in the Canadian population. This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical features of uncommon SCA subtypes in Canada and compare them with international data.

Methods:
We conducted a case series and literature review of adult patients with rare SCA subtypes, including SCA5, SCA7, SCA12, SCA14, SCA15, SCA28, SCA34, SCA35 and SCA36. Data were collected from medical centers in Ontario, Alberta and Quebec between January 2000 and February 2021.

Results:
We analyzed 25 patients with rare SCA subtypes, with onset ages ranging from birth to 67 years. Infantile and juvenile-onset cases were observed in SCA5, SCA7, SCA14 and SCA34. Most patients presented with gait ataxia, with no significant differences across groups. Additional common features included saccadic abnormalities (22 of 25), dysarthria (19 of 25) and nystagmus (12 of 22, except in SCA7). Less common findings included dystonia (8 of 25), cognitive impairment (7 of 25), tremor (9 of 25) and parkinsonism (3 of 25).

Conclusion:
Our study highlights the heterogeneity of rare SCA subtypes in Canada. Ongoing longitudinal analysis will improve the understanding, management and screening of these disorders.
Ensuring Safe and Effective Psychiatric Care in COVID-19 Alternate Care Sites
Authors: Rediger Katherine , Dawson Christine , Victor Latoya Ann , Kverno Karan , Raymond Greg , Smyth Sharon , Bennett Dashaira , Markus Rachel , Kantsiper Melinda E. , Siddiqui Zishan K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This article describes an innovative program to provide safe, evidence-based psychiatric care at the Baltimore Convention Center Field Hospital (BCCFH), set up for COVID-19 patients, to alleviate overextended hospitals.

Methods
This article describes the staffing and workflows utilized at the BCCFH including universal suicide risk assessment and co-management of high acuity patients by an NP-led psychiatry service.

Results
The Columbia-Suicide Screening Rating Scale (C-SSRS) proved feasible as a suicide screening tool. Using the SAFE-T protocol, interdisciplinary teams cared for moderate and low risk patients. The NP psychiatry service evaluated over 70 patients, effecting medication changes in more than half and identified and transferred several decompensating patients for higher-level psychiatric care. Group therapy attendees demonstrated high participation. There were no assaults, self-harm incidents, or suicides.

Conclusions
The BCCFH psychiatry/mental health program, a potential model for other field hospitals, promotes evidence-based, integrated care. Emphasizing safety, including suicide risk, is crucial within alternate care sites during disasters. The engagement of dually-certified (psychiatric and medical) nurse practitioners boosts safety and provides expertise with advanced medication management and psychotherapeutic interventions. Similar future sites should be ready to handle chronically ill psychiatric patients, detect high-risk or deteriorating ones, and develop therapeutic programs for patient stabilization and support.
On split quasi-hereditary covers and Ringel duality
Authors: Cruz Tiago 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we develop two new homological invariants called relative dominant dimension with respect to a module and relative codominant dimension with respect to a module. Among the applications are precise connections between Ringel duality, split quasi-hereditary covers and double centralizer properties, constructions of split quasi-hereditary covers of quotients of Iwahori-Hecke algebras using Ringel duality of q-Schur algebras and a new proof for Ringel self-duality of the blocks of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category

$\mathcal {O}$

. These homological invariants are studied over Noetherian algebras which are finitely generated and projective as a module over the ground ring. They are shown to behave nicely under change of rings techniques.
Climbing up, letting down, or putting the ladder away? Regional ministers’ movements in multilevel systems
Authors: Boldrini Matteo , Grimaldi Selena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Regional cabinet members (RCMs) are key political actors in subnational politics, especially in federal systems or in countries that have undergone a process of regionalization or devolution, even though they are still less studied than federal or national ministers. Italy and its regionalization process represent an interesting case study to understand how and under what conditions members of regional cabinets can exit from politics or move upwards, or downwards the different tiers of government. By using an original dataset of 721 RCMs in ordinary statute regions we tested through multinomial regression analysis whether political and institutional or personal factors influence their movements (both legislative or executive) upward, that is, toward national and/or European positions, backward toward local (both provincial or municipal) positions or their exit from politics. Our results show that both political–institutional and individual factors matter. In particular, displaying a previous national career favors upward movements while being a technician or independent favors the exit from politics.
Damköhler number independent stable regime in reactive radial viscous fingering
Authors: Verma Priya , Sharma Vandita , Chen Ching-Yao , Mishra Manoranjan 
Published: December 2024

The impact of a chemical reaction,

$A+B \rightarrow C$

, on the stability of a miscible radial displacement in a porous medium is established. Our study involves a comprehensive analysis employing both linear stability analysis and nonlinear simulations. Through linear stability analysis, the onset of instability for monotonic as well as non-monotonic viscosity profiles corresponding to the same end-point viscosity are discussed and compared. We establish a

$(R_b,R_c)$

phase plane for a wide range of Damköhler number (

$Da$

) and Péclet number (

$Pe$

) into stable and unstable regions. Here,

$R_b=\ln (\mu _B/ \mu _A)$

and

$R_c=\ln (\mu _C/ \mu _A)$

and

$\mu _{i}$

is the viscosity of fluid

$i$

$\in \{A$

,

$B$

,

$C$

}. The stable zone in the

$(R_b, R_c)$

phase plane contracts with increased

$Da$

and

$Pe$

but never vanishes. It exists even for

$Da \rightarrow \infty$

. Interestingly, we obtain a

$Da$

independent stable region in the neighbourhood of

$R_c=R_b$

where no transition occurs in stability despite changes in reaction rate. The study allows us to acquire knowledge about the transition of the stability for varying

$Da, Pe$

and different reactions classified using

$R_b, R_c$

.
Modal panentheism: Addressing the modal problem of evil
Authors: Symes Jack 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Modal panentheism claims that God encompasses all possible worlds and that a substantial number of possible worlds exist. This article defends a version of modal panentheism that is grounded in perfect-being theology, which maintains that God holds all great-making properties to the highest possible degree. In addition to goodness, modal panentheists consider encompassment to be a great-making property, and therefore, God (a maximally encompassing being) is said to encompass all possible worlds.
Nagasawa argues that modal panentheism faces a significant problem: the modal problem of evil. The argument states that if modal realism is true, then there exists a substantial number of possible evils that contradict God’s perfect goodness. Nagasawa proceeds to claim that modal evil poses a greater threat to modal panentheism than actual evil does to traditional theism.
This article develops two responses to the modal problem of evil. The first response (maximal-panentheism) argues that God need not be all-good or all-encompassing. The second response (no evil worlds) argues that worlds contradicting God’s perfect goodness are not possible worlds. In the light of these responses, I claim the modal problem of evil for modal panentheism is no more intractable than the problem of evil for traditional theism.
Curriculum reinforcement learning-based drifting along a general path for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Yu Kai , Fu Mengyin , Tian Xiaohui , Yang Shuaicong , Yang Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExpert drivers possess the ability to execute high sideslip angle maneuvers, commonly known as drifting, during racing to navigate sharp corners and execute rapid turns. However, existing model-based controllers encounter challenges in handling the highly nonlinear dynamics associated with drifting along general paths. While reinforcement learning-based methods alleviate the reliance on explicit vehicle models, training a policy directly for autonomous drifting remains difficult due to multiple objectives. In this paper, we propose a control framework for autonomous drifting in the general case, based on curriculum reinforcement learning. The framework empowers the vehicle to follow paths with varying curvature at high speeds, while executing drifting maneuvers during sharp corners. Specifically, we consider the vehicle’s dynamics to decompose the overall task and employ curriculum learning to break down the training process into three stages of increasing complexity. Additionally, to enhance the generalization ability of the learned policies, we introduce randomization into sensor observation noise, actuator action noise, and physical parameters. The proposed framework is validated using the CARLA simulator, encompassing various vehicle types and parameters. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our framework in achieving autonomous drifting along general paths. The code is available at https://github.com/BIT-KaiYu/drifting.