bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of healthcare workers toward influenza vaccination at Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital (AJCH), Dubai, UAE
Authors: Hammour Walid Abu , Al-Saleh Samar 
Published: January 2019

Background
Influenza viruses usually circulate worldwide annually from the late fall through the early spring. Although most people with influenza recover without sequelae, it can cause serious illness and death, particularly among older adults, very young children, pregnant women, and those with certain chronic medical conditions.

Aim of the study
To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital healthcare workers toward influenza vaccination during 2016–2017 and understand their relative importance in promoting influenza vaccine uptake.

Method
A validated survey self-administered questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers at AJCH. A descriptive analysis was performed, including an evaluation of associations using the chi-square test, and an alpha level of 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
The questionnaire was distributed to 350 healthcare workers, and 263 (76%) of them completed the survey. Among the responders, 63% answered that they were not vaccinated for seasonal flu in both years, 32% answered that they were vaccinated once, in either 2016 or 2017, and only 5% answered that they were vaccinated during both years.
The analysis of results by gender indicates that influenza vaccination uptake in both years (2016 and 2017) was more common in females than in males.
Despite a higher educational level, influenza vaccination remained low among physician, nurses, and postgraduate workers.

Conclusion
The healthcare workers' knowledge of influenza disease does not reflect their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward influenza vaccination. These results highlight the important predictors that must be targeted to promote hospital awareness campaigns to improve their practice and attitude, which could result in increasing seasonal influenza vaccine uptake.
Genetic screen in a large series of patients with primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Ramos Eliana Marisa , Dokuru Deepika Reddy , Van Berlo Victoria , Wojta Kevin , Wang Qing , Huang Alden Y. , Miller Zachary A. , Karydas Anna M. , Bigio Eileen H. , Rogalski Emily , Weintraub Sandra , Rader Benjamin , Miller Bruce L. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Mesulam Marek‐Marsel , Coppola Giovanni 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrimary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurological syndrome, associated with both frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, in which progressive language impairment emerges as the most salient clinical feature during the initial stages of disease.MethodsWe screened the main genes associated with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia for pathogenic and risk variants in a cohort of 403 PPA cases.ResultsIn this case series study, 14 (3.5%) cases carried (likely) pathogenic variants: four C9orf72 expansions, nine GRN, and one TARDBP mutation. Rare risk variants, TREM2 R47H and MAPT A152T, were associated with a three‐ to seven‐fold increase in risk for PPA.DiscussionOur results show that while pathogenic variants within the most common dementia genes were rarely associated with PPA, these were found almost exclusively in GRN and C9orf72, suggesting that PPA is more TDP43‐ than tau‐related in our series. This is consistent with the finding that PPA frequency in dominantly inherited dementias is the highest in kindreds with GRN variants.
Dual solutions for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow with entropy generation
Authors: Mondal Hiranmoy , Almakki Mohammed , Sibanda Precious 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a formulation for simulating magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional convective flow and heat transfer in a nanofluid by incorporating the complete viscous dissipation function in the energy equation. A novel feature of this investigation of entropy generation and dual solutions is the use of the spectral quasilinearization method to solve the conservation equations. The results are compared with exact solutions or higher order solutions and a good agreement is achieved. The accuracy is determined by calculation of residual errors and the method of solution is shown to produce smaller residual errors than those achieved by the fifth-order Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method for nonlinear differential equations. The dual solutions for different Prandtl number, and Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters are shown graphically and discussed. It is found that the temperature profiles as well as thermal boundary layer thickness increase with the Brownian motion parameter for first and the second solutions. The temperature profiles increase with the thermophoresis parameter for the first and second solutions. The entropy generation increases with the Reynolds number.
Highlights Combined effects of entropy generation and MHD nanofluid are proposed. Spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM) is used for computer simulations. Use axisymmetric stretching/shrinking sheet for dual solution. Validate the accuracy and convergence using residual error analysis.
Suprapubic Fat Pad Excision with Simultaneous Placement of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Baumgarten Adam S. , Beilan Jonathan A. , Shah Bhavik B. , Loeb Aram , Bickell Michael , Parker Justin , Henry Gerard D. , Carrion Rafael E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Many men suffering from erectile dysfunction are overweight with generous suprapubic fat pads, which often contribute to a decrease in visible exophytic phallic length.

Aim
To present a novel surgical concept of suprapubic fat pad excision with a concomitant placement of inflatable penile prosthesis.

Methods
A transverse incision begins slightly medial to the anterior superior iliac spine, with the superior edge crossing transversely to the contralateral anterior superior iliac spine. The inferior border is incised in a curvilinear fashion, with the medial apex being approximately 1 cm above the base of the penis. Dissection is carried down to the lower abdominal anterior fascia, which leads to excision of the suprapubic fat pad. Using this same exposure, the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is placed via an infrapubic approach. The wound is reapproximated in multiple layers, and 2 drains are placed, 1 subcutaneous in the area of the fat pad excision and the other in the scrotum around the pump.

Main Outcome Measures
Primary outcomes included penile implant functionality, ability to engage in sexual activity, and cosmetic satisfaction.

Results
A total of 8 patients have undergone suprapubic fat pad excision with simultaneous placement of IPP at our institution. Average body mass index of our patient cohort was 36.6. 1 patient developed prosthetic infection after inadvertent removal of his drains in the immediate postoperative period. At last follow-up, all other patients have excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes.

Clinical Implications
This technique can lead to higher patient satisfaction with their penile implant, enhanced sexual performance, and improved quality of life for patients with concurrent erectile dysfunction and significant suprapubic fat pad.

Strengths & Limitations
This unique technique has never been previously described. It allows placement of IPP in the setting of fat pad excision without any additional incisions. Limitations include the small patient population and relatively short follow-up.

Conclusions
Suprapubic fat pad excision is a safe and reproducible technique that can be performed simultaneously with the placement of an IPP in appropriately selected patients. Patients must be counseled appropriately on the expectations of surgeries and the theoretical increased risk of postoperative complications, such as infection.
Comparative Effectiveness of Intralesional Therapy for Peyronie’s Disease in Controlled Clinical Studies: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Russo Giorgio Ivan , Cacciamani Giovanni , Cocci Andrea , Kessler Thomas M. , Morgia Giuseppe , Serefoglu Ege Can , Albersen Maarten , Verze Paolo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionMedical treatment of Peyronie’s disease (PD) in terms of intralesional therapy is still a matter of debate.AimTo compare the efficacy of different classes of intralesional therapy with a network meta-analysis (NMA) method.MethodsThe search was conducted using documents published in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until September 30, 2017. We included randomized controlled trials comparing at least 1 intralesional therapy with a placebo therapy or with another drug for the treatment of PD. All intralesional therapies have been considered: collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH), hyaluronic acid, verapamil, and interferon α-2b.Main Outcome MeasureOutcomes of the study are the mean change in penile curvature (PC) and in erectile function (EF) assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 8 comparisons matched with the inclusion criteria, which includes 1,050 patients. With regard to PC (degree) improvement, hyaluronic acid and verapamil showed worse outcomes when compared with CCH (−6.66 and −2.30) and interferon α-2b (−6.75 and −2.38). When considering improvement in EF, hyaluronic acid, verapamil and interferon α-2b showed a slight increase in mean change when compared with CCH (+2.39, +1.77, and +0.65). Moreover, verapamil and interferon α-2b showed slightly worse mean change in comparison to hyaluronic acid (+0.62 and +1.74), whereas interferon α-2b was worse than verapamil (−1.12).Clinical ImplicationsBased on this NMA, empirical therapy for PD should be avoided to offer the patients the best treatment in terms of level of evidence.Strengths & LimitationsIn this NMA, we have provided, for the first time, evidence of the efficacy between different intralesional therapies for the treatment of PD. We were not able to compare all specific outcomes (ie, pain, plaque size, patient satisfaction) of PD, because of the lack of homogeneity across relevant studies. Moreover, because of the few included studies, a meta-regression analysis of predictive factors of treatment response was not calculated.ConclusionThis is the first meta-analysis comparing all available intralesional treatments for PD. CCH and interferon α-2b showed the best outcome in terms of PC, whereas hyaluronic acid was most efficient in relation to EF.
Elucidating Mechanisms of Long-Term Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust Exposure–Induced Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model
Authors: Zhao Shankun , Wang Jiamin , Xie Qiang , Luo Lianmin , Zhu Zhiguo , Liu Yangzhou , Deng Yihan , Kang Ran , Luo Jintai , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Exposure to air pollution poses a risk for morbidity in multiple diseases. However, the role of ambient air pollutant emissions in public sexual health is just beginning to be understood and remains controversial.

Aim
We have determined to elucidate the specific role of gasoline vehicle exhaust (VE), a crucial source and toxicant of air pollution, in the penile erectile function via a rat model.

Methods
40 male Sprague Dawley rats, 12 weeks of age, were used in this experiment. Except for the control group (10 rats), rats were equally exposed to VE for total 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours daily for 3 months consecutively. During each VE exposure periods, particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were 1.43 ± 0.036, 1.45 ± 0.033, and 1.47 ± 0.037 mg/m3, respectively.

Main Outcome Measure
Erectile function, pulmonary function, serum inflammatory factors, and histologic examinations of the lung and penile tissues were evaluated.

Results
Our study indicates that in vivo, 4-hour, and 6-hour daily exposure to VE causes significant reduction of erectile function, as judged by intracavernous pressure measurement. Meanwhile, we have observed that the 4-hour and 6-hour VE exposure rats exhibited remarkable increased levels of serum inflammatory factors, decreased total lung capacity and chord compliance, thickened alveoli septum, destroyed alveoli, pulmonary fibrosis, as well as down-regulation of the messenger RNA and protein expression of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the penile tissue when compared with normal control rats.

Clinical Implications
We speculated that the underlying mechanisms of VE inducing erectile dysfunction could be attributed to systemic inflammation, pulmonary dysfunction, and the reduction of nitric oxide synthase activity in the corpus cavernosum.

Strength & Limitations
For the first time, our study revealed the deleterious effect of VE on penile erection in vivo. However, the VE exposure model might not entirely mimic the natural condition of ambient air pollution.

Conclusion
Our results raise concerns about the potential role played by long-term exposure to gasoline VE in the development of erectile dysfunction.
A phase 1 clinical trial of the sigma‐2 receptor complex allosteric antagonist CT1812, a novel therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Grundman Michael , Morgan Roger , Lickliter Jason D. , Schneider Lon S. , DeKosky Steven , Izzo Nicholas J. , Guttendorf Robert , Higgin Michelle , Pribyl Julie , Mozzoni Kelsie , Safferstein Hank , Catalano Susan M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundElayta (CT1812) is a novel allosteric antagonist of the sigma‐2 receptor complex that prevents and displaces binding of Aβ oligomers to neurons. By stopping a key initiating event in Alzheimer's disease, this first‐in–class drug candidate mitigates downstream synaptotoxicity and restores cognitive function in aged transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.MethodsA phase 1, two‐part single and multiple ascending dose study was conducted in 7 and 4 cohorts of healthy human subjects, respectively. In part A, healthy, young subjects (<65 years old) received CT1812 doses ranging from 10 to 1120 mg (6:2 active to placebo [A:P] per cohort). In part B, subjects were administered 280, 560, and 840 mg once daily for 14 days (8:2 A:P per cohort). An elderly cohort, aged 65‐75 years, was dosed at 560 mg once daily for 14 days (7:2 A:P). Serum concentrations of CT1812 in part B were measured on day 3 and 14 and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations on day 7 or 9. Cognitive testing was performed in the healthy elderly cohort at baseline and at day 14 of treatment.ResultsTreatment with CT1812 was well tolerated in all cohorts. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and included headache and GI tract symptoms. Plasma concentrations of drug were dose proportional across two orders of magnitude with minimal accumulation over 14 days. Cognitive scores in the healthy elderly cohort were similar before and after treatment.ConclusionsCT1812 was well tolerated with single dose administration up to 1120 mg and with multiple dose administration up to 840 mg and 560 mg in healthy young and healthy elderly subjects, respectively. CT1812 is currently being studied in early phase 2 trials in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
GROUNDING PROCEDURAL RIGHTS
Authors: Adams N. P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is commonly held that we wrong someone if we punish them without first determining whether they are guilty through the process of a sufficiently fair and reliable procedure. This wrong is best explained by pre-institutional moral procedural rights. Recently, Christopher Heath Wellman has argued for the skeptical conclusion that there are no such rights, challenging a widely held orthodoxy. I propose two novel grounds for pre-institutional moral procedural rights and so answer Wellman's skepticism. First, we have rights not to be subject to punitive systems that do not include specific sorts of reliable procedures because otherwise we are subject to unreasonable risks of undeserved punishment. Second, not only do we have rights that others not harm us or unreasonably risk harming us, we have rights that they control for avoiding wrongfully harming us across relevant close possible worlds.
Characterizing the radial oxygen abundance distribution in disk galaxies
Authors: Zinchenko I. A. , Just A. , Pilyugin L. S. , Lara-Lopez M. A. 
Published: January 2019

Context. The relation between the radial oxygen abundance distribution (gradient) and other parameters of a galaxy such as mass, Hubble type, and a bar strength, remains unclear although a large amount of observational data have been obtained in the past years.
Aims. We examine the possible dependence of the radial oxygen abundance distribution on non-axisymmetrical structures (bar/spirals) and other macroscopic parameters such as the mass, the optical radius R25, the color g − r, and the surface brightness of the galaxy. A sample of disk galaxies from the third data release of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA DR3) is considered.
Methods. We adopted the Fourier amplitude A2 of the surface brightness as a quantitative characteristic of the strength of non-axisymmetric structures in a galactic disk, in addition to the commonly used morphologic division for A, AB, and B types based on the Hubble classification. To distinguish changes in local oxygen abundance caused by the non-axisymmetrical structures, the multiparametric mass–metallicity relation was constructed as a function of parameters such as the bar/spiral pattern strength, the disk size, color index g − r in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) bands, and central surface brightness of the disk. The gas-phase oxygen abundance gradient is determined by using the R calibration.
Results. We find that there is no significant impact of the non-axisymmetric structures such as a bar and/or spiral patterns on the local oxygen abundance and radial oxygen abundance gradient of disk galaxies. Galaxies with higher mass, however, exhibit flatter oxygen abundance gradients in units of dex/kpc, but this effect is significantly less prominent for the oxygen abundance gradients in units of dex/R25 and almost disappears when the inner parts are avoided (R >  0.25R25). We show that the oxygen abundance in the central part of the galaxy depends neither on the optical radius R25 nor on the color g − r or the surface brightness of the galaxy. Instead, outside the central part of the galaxy, the oxygen abundance increases with g − r value and central surface brightness of the disk.
Early Postnatal IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 Blood Levels in Extremely Preterm Infants: Relationships with Indicators of Placental Insufficiency and with Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Leviton Alan , Allred Elizabeth N. , Fichorova Raina N. , VanderVeen Deborah K. , O'Shea T. Michael , Kuban Karl , Dammann Olaf ,   for the ELGAN Study Investigators
Published: January 2019

Objective To evaluate to what extent indicators of placenta insufficiency are associated with low concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1–binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in neonatal blood, and to what extent the concentrations of these growth factors are associated with concentrations of proteins with inflammatory, neurotrophic, or angiogenic properties.
Study Design Using multiplex immunoassays, we measured the concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1, as well as 25 other proteins in blood spots collected weekly from ≥ 880 infants born before the 28th week of gestation, and sought correlates of concentrations in the top and bottom quartiles for gestational age and day the specimen was collected.
Results Medically indicated delivery and severe fetal growth restriction (sFGR) were associated with low concentrations of IGF-1 on the first postnatal day and with high concentrations of IGFBP-1 on almost all days. Elevated concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 were accompanied by elevated concentrations of many other proteins with inflammatory, neurotrophic, or angiogenic properties.
Conclusion Disorders associated with impaired placenta implantation and sFGR appear to account for a relative paucity of IGF-1 on the first postnatal day. Elevated concentrations of IGF-1 and especially IGFBP-1 were associated with same-day elevated concentrations of inflammatory, neurotrophic, and angiogenic proteins.
Optimizing Platelet GPVI Inhibition versus Haemostatic Impairment by the Btk Inhibitors Ibrutinib, Acalabrutinib, ONO/GS-4059, BGB-3111 and Evobrutinib
Authors: Denzinger Viola , Busygina Kristina , Jamasbi Janina , Pekrul Isabell , Spannagl Michael , Weber Christian , Lorenz Reinhard , Siess Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIbrutinib and acalabrutinib are approved for B cell malignancies and novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors undergo clinical testing also in B cell-driven autoimmune disorders. Btk in platelets mediates platelet activation via glycoprotein (GP) VI, which is crucial for atherosclerotic plaque-induced platelet thrombus formation. This can be selectively inhibited by Btk inhibitors. Since patients on second-generation Btk inhibitors apparently show less bleeding than patients on ibrutinib, we compared the effects of ibrutinib and four novel irreversible Btk inhibitors on GPVI-dependent platelet aggregation in blood and in vitro bleeding time. Low concentrations of collagen which induced the same low degree of GPVI-mediated platelet aggregation as atherosclerotic plaque material were applied. IC50 values for collagen (0.2–0.5 µg/mL)-induced platelet aggregation after 15-minute pre-incubation were: ibrutinib 0.12 µM, BGB-3111 0.51 µM, acalabrutinib 1.21 µM, ONO/GS-4059 1.20 µM and evobrutinib 5.84 µM. Peak venous plasma concentrations of ibrutinib (0.5 µM), acalabrutinib (2 µM) and ONO/GS-4059 (2 µM) measured after anti-proliferative dosage inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but did not increase PFA-200 closure time on collagen/epinephrine. Closure times were moderately increased by 2- to 2.5-fold higher concentrations of these inhibitors, but not by BGB-3111 (1 µM) and evobrutinib (10 µM). Prolonging platelet drug exposure to 60 minutes lowered IC50 values of any Btk inhibitor for GPVI-mediated aggregation by several fold, and 5- to 10-fold below anti-proliferative therapeutic drug plasma levels. In conclusion, low blood concentrations of ibrutinib and the novel Btk inhibitors suffice for GPVI selective platelet inhibition relevant for atherothrombosis but do not impair primary haemostasis.