bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study between Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Inflammatory Peripheral Joints Pathology
Authors: Mahmoud Aly lnji wagdy , Azim Abbas Yasser Abdel , Ghandour Ahmed , Samy ElShimy Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR1) are two new imaging methods that play a significant role in the diagnosis, therapy selection, and disease monitoring of inflammatory disorders of the joints.

Aim
To compare the ultrasound & MRI findings in inflammatory pathology of peripheral joints.

Methods
The study included patients who were referred with clinically suspected peripheral joints inflammatory pathology for MRI evaluation. All the patients had been subjected to MRI followed by Ultrasound assessment and the results had been compared.

Results
This research was conducted on 22 cases with clinically suspected peripheral joints pathology. There was a significant excellent agreement among US & MRI in detection of hands & feet muscles tenosynovitis, marginal osteophytes, bony calcaneal spur, planter fasciitis (kappa = 1.00, p &lt; 0.00l). There was a significant good agreement among US & MRI in detection of joint effusion (kappa = 0.792, p &lt; 0.00l). There were two cases that positive for talar head marrow contusion in MRI who cannot he detected by US with no agreement between US & MRI in detection of talar head marrow contusion.

Conclusion
Both ultrasound & MRI findings showed an excellent agreement and high accuracy in detection of non-traumatic pathology of peripheral joints.
The Role of Diffusion Tensor Images in the Evaluation of the Median Nerve in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Ali Suzan Bahig , Kamal Mai Mokhtar , Nesseem Karen Samy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common medical condition, which causes pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and arm of the affected individual. CTS occurs when the median nerve is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist. Risk factors for CTS include obesity, monotonous wrist activity, pregnancy, genetic heredity, and rheumatoid inflammation

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Diffusion tensor images in the detection the changes and abnormalities of median nerve entrapment in cases of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Patients and Methods
This Cross-sectional study was carried out on 25 Patients diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome from physical medicine, neurology and orthopedic clinics at Ain Shams University.

Results
Regarding the Clinical picture in the studied patients, we found that there was pain, parathesia and wastening of the thenar muscles (in 100%,96% and 12% respectively). Diabetics, rheumatic arthritis patients were found in 24% and 8% respectively), A case with bifid median nerve. Regarding the severity of the symptoms by Nerve conduction studies (NCS) in the studied patients, we found that symptoms were mild for 20 %, moderate for 64 % and severe for 16 % of the cases. Regarding the Cross sectional area (CSA) (mm∧2) in the studied patients, we found that the mean inlet and outlet were 21.92 ± 7.215, 14.41 ± 5.051 respectively. Regarding the T2 Weighted images (MRI sequence) in the studied patients, we found that increased T2 signal, bowing of capsule, thickening at inlet and flattening at outlet were noted in (100% for all), increased CS diameter was seen in (92%) and edema in (28%) of the cases.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we found that the mean FA and ADC were 0.431± 0.064 and 0.431± 0.064 respectively, FA was cutoff, sensitivity, specificity (0.47,20%, 70% respectively) and ADC was cutoff, sensitivity, specificity (1.054, 40%,25%/ respectively) and there was negative correlation and no statistically significant between FA and ADC (P-value 0.189) and therefore when we recommend new cutoff values for FA and ADC to be (0.412 and 1.049 respectively).
Safety and Efficacy of Carotid Artery Stenting without the Use of Protective Embolic Devices
Authors: Ismail Khalid Tarek , Ahmed Abd El-Samad Amr Mahmoud , Shokry Wessam Sherin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is the third most common cause of disability and second most common cause of death worldwide. Extra cranial carotid stenosis accounts for about 15-20% of cerebral ischemic events.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the efficacy, and safety of carotid artery stenting without using cerebral protection device in selected patients with symptomatic high risk carotid artery stenosis.

Patients and Methods
All available patients during the study duration will be included in the study, NIR unit archives of all available carotid artery stenosis cases meeting the inclusion who underwent carotid artery stenting without using embolic protection devices as well as patients who will be referred to NIR Unit with carotid artery stenosis meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and candidates for the procedure in the proceeding 6 months.

Results
In our study of assessing safety and efficacy of unprotected CAS all cases were clinically assessed using the NIHSS as a baseline before CAS. Immediately after the intervention, seventy-eight cases (97.5%) had no change in their initial NIHSS and two cases (2.5%) showed mild deterioration of the NIHSS with no cases showing major disabling strokes nor neurological related deaths peri procedurally and during follow up period.

Conclusion
Carotid stenting without the use of embolic protection devices performed by skillful experienced hands can achieve satisfactory safety and efficacy outcomes as long as we rely on tailored approach for patient selection especially in settings of low resources.
Pancreatic Shear Wave Elastography in Pediatrics with Type I DM
Authors: Mahmoud Marwa Ashraf , Osman Noha Mohammad , Ali Ali Haggag 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Type I diabetes milletus (DM) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases in the pediatric age group. It is characterized by pancreatic inflammation in the early stages due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells with subsequent fibrosis in the late stages. Conventional gray-scale ultrasonography can provide detailed information about the bio- mechanical structure of tissues when used with the new method of elastography. As tissues affected by a variety of pathologic processes display different mechanical features, stiffness differences may be used to differentiate diffuse diseases or focal lesions.

Objective
To assess the role of pancreatic shear wave elastography (SWE) in children with type I diabetes in comparison to control subjects.

Methods
A cross-sectional study over the course of 6 months from March 2023 till September 2023. It included 41 cases with laboratory proven type I DM on insulin therapy and 41 age and gender matched non-diabetic controls referred to our department from the outpatient pediatric clinics for and abdominal ultra-sonography. C-peptide and HbA1C of the cases were measured. Conventional B-mode ultrasonography and pancreatic SWE were performed using the General Electric Logiq P9 ultrasound system.

Results
Conventional B-mode abdominal ultra-sonography together with pancreatic shear wave elastography were done to the entire study group. There was no significant difference by B-mode noted between the study subjects regarding echogenicity and homogeneity. Shear wave elastography (SWE) values of the diabetic cases and non-diabetic controls were compared and revealed a significant difference between both groups being faster in the cases than in the control group with p-value &lt;0.05. Shear wave elastography values of the cases were compared to each other in respect to their disease duration, age, C-peptide levels and HBA1C levels and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between SWE, disease duration and age with p-value &lt;0.001, while there was statistically significant negative correlation between mean of SWE and level of C-peptide with p-value &lt;0.001. There was no significant correlation with HbA1c with p-value 0.116.

Conclusion
Type I DM affects pancreatic tissue stiffness as evident by the difference in the mean SWE values of the diabetic cases and the non-diabetic controls. Pancreatic SWE changes significantly in correlation to disease duration, age and C-peptide. Hence, SWE might serve as a new promising non-invasive imaging modality for monitoring and following up type 1 diabetes in children.
The Incidence of Breast Cancer in Egyptian Females in Correlation to Different Mammographic ACR Densities
Authors: Salem Marwa Ramzy Hamdy , Moneim Tewfik Chalabi Nivine Abdel , Boraei Mohammed Azza Abdel Ghaffar , Yacoub George Ezzat Elkess 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast density, radiologically, referred as fibro glandular mammary tissue, was found to be a predisposing factor for breast cancer (BC). However, the stated degree of elevated BC risk varies widely in the literature.

Objective
To detect the relationship between different breast mammographic densities and risk for BC in Egyptian females.

Patients and Methods
An analytical cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospital, National Project for Women Health and Private Centre in the period from December 2020 to December 2021. The study was applied to 814 asymptomatic females above 35 years old who came for BC screening using full-field digital mammography.

Results
The incidence of BC was found in 84 females (10.3%). The BC incidence in females with ACR-A was 6.3%, ACR-B was 8.5%, ACR-C was 16.3% and ACR-D was 27.8%, with a p- value (p &lt; 0.001). Using logistic regression analysis showed that three types of breast densities increased the risk of BC, where patients with type-B, type-C, and type-D breast density had a 1.39, 2.92, and 3.12 times more risk for BC, respectively (p value= 0.010, 0.003, and 0.036 respectively).

Conclusion
Among Egyptian females, the incidence of BC is 10.3%. Our data revealed that the more breast density, the higher the incidence of BC, and affirmed that breast density is a risk factor for BC development.
Early Detection of Myocardial Iron Overload in Patients with β-Thalassaemia Major Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping
Authors: Selim Omar Mourad Hassan Zaki , Ibrahim Ahmed Samir , Abbas Sherif Nabil , Aly Nihal Hussien , Ebeid Fatma Soliman Elsayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Iron-induced cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of death in patients with β-thalassemia major. Chelation therapy is effective in removing cardiac iron and improving survival rates. However, early diagnosis is often delayed. The T2* technique, which is used for quantifying myocardial iron overload, has limitations in detecting early iron overload. In vivo mapping of the myocardial T1 relaxation time is a promising alternative that could improve early detection and management of iron-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods
32 β-thalassemia major patients were enrolled in our study with mean age 11.5 ± 4 years. Measurement of the mid-level septal iron overload was done through T1 mapping using modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence with a 3 (3 s) 3 (3 s) 5 scheme. Septum was divided at the mentioned level into 3 zones namely zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 which correspond to segments 8 & 9 in cardiac segmentation model.

Results
The T1 technique was able to detect 4 patients with myocardial iron overload, two of which were detected by the T2* technique. There was a statistically significant correlation between the average T1 values of the studied zones in patients with β-TM and the LIC, the T1 Values within segment 8 of the liver, age of patients, transfusion onset age, age of splenectomy and serum ferritin value.

Conclusion
The addition of the T1 Mapping sequence to the conventionally used T2* technique was able to increase the efficacy of the Myocardial iron overload detection protocol by earlier detection of Myocardial iron overload. This would guide chelation therapy to decrease myocardial morbidity.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative, Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Delayed Post Gadolinium MR Imaging Criteria in Meniere's Disease
Authors: El Meguid Mohammed Radwa Abd , Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Elkhalek Yaser Ibrahim Abd , Hashish Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Clinical Relevance
The recent detection of endolymphatic hydrops (EH); the pathological hallmark of MD; on the delayed post gadolinium MR hydropic sequences has resulted shift in the diagnostic paradigm. Researchers defined various MRI qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative criteria and grading scales for endolymphatic hydrops however, the best performance and combination of MRI criteria in distinguish MD affected ears is little explored. Establishing the most reliable and highly performing MRI features will improve the ability of the radiologist to diagnose Meniere’s Disease.

Objectives
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MRI criteria used for the detection of Menière’s Disease (MD) ears on delayed post-gadolinium MRI. To determine which combination of descriptors should be optimally applied to establish the diagnosis.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective case-control study evaluated consecutive delayed post-gadolinium MRI of patients with Menièriform symptoms. 7 quantitative and semi-quantitative MR criteria of MD and qualitative perilymphatic enhancement (PLE) in the cochlea were evaluated within the study cohort. Definite MD ears according to the 2015 Barany Society criteria were compared to control ears. Sensitivity and Specificty were calculated for each descriptor to determined which combination of MRI descriptors would best predict MD ears, and the area under the ROC curve for this model was measured.

Results
50 patients (30 female, 20 males; age mean 50 ±13 years) with 30 definite MD and 15 control ears were evaluated. Of the defining MRI criteria, the grade 2 cochlear hydrops, the grade 2 vestibular hydrops, saccule as large as utricle and cochlear perilymphatic enhancement were associated with the presence of MD ears (p &lt; 0.05). The highest sensitivity was achieved by severe vestibular hydrops and “saccule, as large as the utricle”.

Conclusion
The best predictors of MD are the quantitative detection of severe vestibular hydrops together with the Semiquantitative detection of enlarged or confluent saccules which add value to the diagnosis.
Radiological & Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 in Children: A Review of 100 Cases
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Reham Abdelhamid , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar , Hussein Mahitab Morsy , Abdelkarim Maha Ahmed Sayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome that was caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic.

Aim of the Work
To describe the X-ray and CT features of COVID-19 in children and to correlate a CT and X-ray based semi-quantitative scores of pulmonary involvement in COVID-19 disease with clinical severity of the disease and to correlate CT and X ray scores to investigate whether X-ray sufficient in the clinical evaluation of patients.

Patients and Methods
A retrospective analysis of CT and x-ray pulmonary findings of 100 case of COVID-19 was included. CT& x-ray scores were calculated and correlated to patients’ clinical severity. The study included 49 girls and 51 boys. Their mean age was 6.25 years.

Results
Eighty-five children had done CT chest (85%), X-ray was available in fifty eight (58 %). Both X- ray and CT were available in forty three children (43%). According to the severity of COVID-19 among patients, 31 % of the patients were mild, 40% were moderate, 18 % were severe and 11% were critically ill. On CT, we found that consolidation patches were the most common radiological sign seen in 41.2% of the patients, followed by GGO which was found in 37.6% of the patients. The lesions were bilateral (40%), and multilobar (44.7%), predominant lobes affected were both lower lobes involved in 42.4 %, with a prominent peripheral distribution. Regarding the X-ray, the alveolar infiltrate in the form of GGO was the most common feature seen in 32.7% of the patients with predominant bilateral lower zones distribution (58.7 %). Cases with clinically severe and critically ill chest condition had a statistically significant higher CT and X-ray scores compared to other groups. (p value = &lt;0.001 for CT score, p value=0.009 for x-ray score). X-ray score correlates to CT score (p value &lt;0.001, r = 0.62). D dimer had a significant correlation with total CT score (p value=0.022).

Conclusion
X-ray score correlates to CT score. CT and X-ray scores are correlated to clinical severity. To reduce radiation exposure, X-ray may be sufficient in assessment of COVID-19.
Radiological Modalities in Frozen Shoulder Diagnosis: Role of MRI and US
Authors: Nassef Mohammed Amin , Hemida Tarek W , Abdelazim Shimaa Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of frozen shoulder in the general population is 2–5 %, with most patients over 40 years of age and with women slightly more affected than men. Contralateral shoulder involvement is uncommon. Diagnostic imaging of the shoulder joint may be achieved with a number of modalities, including g plain x-ray, ultrasound, conventional arthrography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR arthrography.

Objective
The objective is to examine the association between clinical features (stages) and MRI findings in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

Methods
During this study, 28 patients with frozen shoulder were enrolled, after consenting each of them and subjected to MRI and US examination. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasound in early detection of frozen shoulder and exclusion of it among other painful shoulder cases was assessed.

Results
In detection of thickened inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL), the accuracy of ultrasound was 71.4%, sensitivity 65.2% and specificity 100.0% and MRI was statistically significant more accurate than ultrasound. As regard thickened coracohumeral ligament (CHL), the accuracy of ultrasound was 57.1%, sensitivity 66.7% and specificity 40.0%. Also, as regard altered signal or thickening within rotator interval, the accuracy of ultrasound was 71.4%, sensitivity 78.9% and specificity 55.6% with no significant between MRI and ultrasound. Finally the total accuracy of US in prediction of MRI findings was 78.6%, sensitivity 76.9% and specificity of 100.0%.

Conclusion
Ultrasound is advised to be used in assessment of cases shoulder stiffness rather than MRI. It is cheap, less invasive, accurate without radiation and suitable for all cases to them MRI is contraindicated. The present study can burden the knowledge and shed some light on future prospective studies with larger sample sizes, to assess our results and conclusion.
Diagnostic Value of 18F Labelled PSMA PET/CT Imaging in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer after Curative Therapy
Authors: Omar Toqa Elsayed Mohamed , Shalaby Menatallah Hatem , Mosaad Bassant Mohamed Raief 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortality among men worldwide. Curatively intended treatment is directed for localized disease in form of radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy, However biochemical recurrence is encountered in about 15 to 53 % of treated patients within 10 years. Early detection of recurrence is crucial for directing curative salvage therapy.

Aim of the Work
Aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-PSMA PET/CT imaging in biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, hormonal therapy and/or external beam.

Patients and Methods
This study is an exploratory cross-sectional study conducted at radiology department at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Our study included twenty six of previously treated prostate cancer patients referred with rising PSA level. The main source of data was the prospectively conducted 18 F PSMA PET/CT scans and clinical history of the patients referred to the nuclear imaging unit, Ain Shams University Hospitals for evaluation of possibility of disease recurrence.

Results
Twenty (76.9%) out of twenty six of included patients showed positive scan with at least one lesion suggestive of recurrent prostate carcinoma detected on 18F. PSMA-PET/CT with no positive scans detected at PSA level &gt; 0.2 ng/ml. Participants were divided into three groups based on their PSA level distribution by the 25th and 75th percentiles. The first group included 6 patients representing the first quartile representing the bottom 25% of patients till the 25th percentile with PSA level &gt;0.2). The second group included 14 patients representing the middle 50% with PSA level ranging from 0.2 to 4.5. The third group included 6 patients representing the top 25% from the 75th percentile with PSA level ≥ 4.5. There was a statistically significant very strong positive correlation between PSA level and number of recurrences in local region, regional Lymph nodes, distant Lymph nodes and viscera with p value (&lt;0.001). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between PSA level and recurrence in Osseous regions with p vale (&gt;0.05)

Conclusion
Our results confirmed the efficiency of 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in detecting biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer at different PSA levels. The likelihood of a pathogenic 18F-PSMA PET/CT appears to be higher in patients with higher PSA levels, however the detection rate is still higher than other methods in patients at low PSA levels.
Serum and Synovial Level of IL-17 in Primary Knee Osteoarthritis and its Relation to Disease Severity
Authors: Nada Sara Shokry , Nassar Nagwa M M , El-Nasser Abd El-Aziez Ola Abd , Al-Zifzaf Dina Shawky 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis in adults associated with high socioeconomic burden and is a major cause of disability in elderly, it should be considered a syndrome rather than a single disease in which structural changes of hyaline articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovium, muscles, and periarticular changes are involved. The knee is the most commonly affected joint.

Objective
To measure serum and synovial level of interleukin 17 in patients with primary knee OA and correlate its level with functional status and disease severity.

Patients and Methods
This study included twenty adult patients diagnosed with primary knee osteoarthritis according to EULAR evidences based criteria for knee osteoarthritis diagnosis, aged from 55 to 80 years. The patients were recruited from Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department of Ain Shams University Hospitals, and twenty apparently healthy age and sex matched subjects as a control group, the study was conducted from June 2021 to December 2021.

Results
In our study we correlate IL-17 levels in serum and synovial fluid with disease severity and functional status of the patients based on clinical examination, radiological investigations (using K/L scale) and VAS & WOMAC scoring system.

Conclusion
IL-17 levels in serum and synovial fluid may predict functional status and degree of progression of an osteoarthritic patient. This may open a window of opportunity for early intervention with IL-17 antagonists for prevention of joint destruction.

Recommendations
Further studies with higher numbers of knee osteoarthritic patients are recommended to detect IL-17 role in osteoarthritis and verify our results.