bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Effects of Augmented Corticotomy-Assisted Orthodontics in Patients With Mandibular Anterior Alveolar Defect
Authors: Wang Bo , Shen Guofang , Guo Qiuman , Fang Bing , Yu Hongbo 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the long-term effects of augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics in adult patients with alveolar defect in mandibular anterior region.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty lower incisors with alveolar defect on the labial sides were included in this study from 10 adult patients received augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics in mandibular anterior region. Cone-beam computed tomography images were obtained before orthodontic treatment (T0), 3 months after augmented corticotomy (T1) and 2 years after removal of orthodontic appliance (T2). Measurements of variables at different time points were compared using Student–Newman–Keuls test.

Results:
Each patient completed augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics successfully. In the 30 subjects studied, root length and bone thickness on the labial side at 1/2 root length level were maintained from T0 to T2 (P >.05). Bone thickness at 3/4 root length level increased from T0 to T1 (P <.001), then decreased from T1 to T2 (P <.001), and which of T2 is greater than that of T0 (P <.001). Bone thickness at root apex level increased from T0 to T1 (P <.001), and remained steady from T1 to T2 (P >.05).

Conclusions:
Augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics is a promising approach for the treatment of adult patients with alveolar defect, which showed stable long-term effect of bone augmentation and minimal periodontal iatrogenic sequelae during treatment.
A New Way of Managing Canalicular Injury Associated With Late Eyelid Burns
Authors: Ma Yingjie , Mao Bangxun , Lan Shuqin , Chen Tingting , Yu Bo 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
This study aimed to introduce a new way to rebuild the canalicular system of patients with occluded punctums after long-time burns.

Methods:
Cases with eyelid burns associated canalicular injury presented at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 1st, 2015 to September 30th 2017 were referred to department of Orbital & Oculoplastic Surgery. Cases with occluded both superior and inferior punctuns were recommended to surgery. Twenty-seven cases were enrolled in our study. Patients were followed up at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 3, 4, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Success of the surgery was defined as being free of epiphora and purulence postoperatively, a normal functional endoscopic dye test, free-flowing irrigation through the lacrimal system, and the presence of upper and lower punctum ostium.

Results:
With a follow-up of 12 months postoperative, there were 22 cases that showed surgical success outcome according to the set criteria. The success rate of our surgery is 81.48%.

Conclusion:
The surgical procedure used in our study is an effective and easy way to treat patiens with occluded punctum after long-time burns. The utility of silicone intubation is necessary and delayed tubing removal maybe meaningful in these kinds of patients.
Radiologic Evaluation of Exiting Points of Supraorbital Region Neurovascular Bundles in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Bucioğlu Helen , Elvan Özlem , Esen Kaan , Temel Gülhan , Öksüz Nevra , Yilmaz Gülcan Göçmez , Özcan Cengiz , Tezer Mesut Sabri 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To reveal the presence and nature of exiting points of supraorbital region neurovascular structures and determine the distances of those structures to midline with computed tomography images by taking into account gender and sides in patients with migraine.

Methods:
The study was conducted retrospectively on computed tomography images of 70 migraine and 70 control patients with a mean age of 39.5 ± 13.8 years (range: 18–80). Presence and nature (foramen or notch) of exiting points of neurovascular structures in terms of side and gender in both groups, and the distances of these structures to the midline of the face were evaluated.

Results:
In migraine and control groups, the most commonly seen structure was single notch. Coexistence of foramen and notch was statistically significant in migraine and female migraine groups than control and female control groups (P < 0.05). Bilateral presence of supraorbital structure was 51.4% in migraine group and 64.3% in control group patients. In all cases, foramen-midline distance was statistically significant longer than the notch-midline distance (P < 0.05). In migraine patients, no statistically significant difference was detected regarding distances of foramen and notch to midline in terms of side and gender.

Conclusion:
Consideration of variable presence and location of the supraorbital notch and foramen, analysis of computed tomography scan might be beneficial in preoperative planning of foraminotomy and fascial band release in adult migraine patients to prevent intraoperative complications. Also, coexistence is more frequent on left side in migraine patients that might cause overlooking those structures during surgery.
Binocular Diplopia Caused by an Epiretinal Membrane With Foveal Displacement
Authors: Gold Doria M. , Modi Yasha S. , Warren Floyd A. , Rucker Janet C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:
A 73-year-old woman presented with 3 years of monocular visual distortion and progressive binocular diplopia. She was found to have a comitant left hypertropia due to an epiretinal membrane causing inferior foveal drag. Displacement of the fovea from an epiretinal membrane is a likely under-recognized cause ocular cause of a comitant binocular diplopia.
Causes and consequences of female centrality in cetacean societies
Authors: Rendell Luke , Cantor Mauricio , Gero Shane , Whitehead Hal , Mann Janet 
Published: July 2019

Cetaceans are fully aquatic predatory mammals that have successfully colonized virtually all marine habitats. Their adaptation to these habitats, so radically different from those of their terrestrial ancestors, can give us comparative insights into the evolution of female roles and kinship in mammalian societies. We provide a review of the diversity of such roles across the Cetacea, which are unified by some key and apparently invariable life-history features. Mothers are uniparous, while paternal care is completely absent as far as we currently know. Maternal input is extensive, lasting months to many years. Hence, female reproductive rates are low, every cetacean calf is a significant investment, and offspring care is central to female fitness. Here strategies diverge, especially between toothed and baleen whales, in terms of mother–calf association and related social structures, which range from ephemeral grouping patterns to stable, multi-level, societies in which social groups are strongly organized around female kinship. Some species exhibit social and/or spatial philopatry in both sexes, a rare phenomenon in vertebrates. Communal care can be vital, especially among deep-diving species, and can be supported by female kinship. Female-based sociality, in its diverse forms, is therefore a prevailing feature of cetacean societies. Beyond the key role in offspring survival, it provides the substrate for significant vertical and horizontal cultural transmission, as well as the only definitive non-human examples of menopause.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
The disequilibrium of double descent: changing inheritance norms among Himba pastoralists
Authors: Scelza Brooke A. , Prall Sean P. , Levine Nancy E. 
Published: July 2019

Matrilineal systems in sub-Saharan Africa tend to co-occur with horticulture and are rare among pastoralists, with the causal arrow pointing from the introduction of cattle to the loss of matriliny. However, most work on this topic stems from either phylogenetic analyses or historical data. To better understand the shift from matrilineal to patrilineal inheritance that occurred among Bantu populations after the adoption of pastoralism, data from societies that are currently in transition are needed. Himba pastoralists, who practice ‘double descent’, may represent one such society. Using multi-generational ethnography and structured survey data, we describe current norms and preferences about inheritance, as well as associated norms related to female autonomy. We find that preferences for patrilineal inheritance are strong, despite the current practice of matrilineal cattle inheritance. We also find that a preference for patriliny predicts greater acceptance of norm violating behaviour favouring sons over nephews. Finally, we show that there are important generational differences in how men view women's autonomy, which are probably attributable to both changing norms about inheritance and exposure to majority-culture views on women's roles. Our data shed light on how systemic change like the shifts in descent reckoning that occurred during the Bantu expansion can occur.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
From matrimonial practices to genetic diversity in Southeast Asian populations: the signature of the matrilineal puzzle
Authors: Ly Goki , Laurent Romain , Lafosse Sophie , Monidarin Chou , Diffloth Gérard , Bourdier Frédéric , Evrard Olivier , Toupance Bruno , Pavard Samuel , Chaix Raphaëlle 
Published: July 2019

In matrilineal populations, the descent group affiliation is transmitted by women whereas the socio-political power frequently remains in the hands of men. This situation, named the ‘matrilineal puzzle’, is expected to promote local endogamy as a coping mechanism allowing men to maintain their decision-making power over their natal descent group. In this paper, we revisit this ‘matrilineal puzzle’ from a population genetics' point of view. Indeed, such tendency for local endogamy in matrilineal populations is expected to increase their genetic inbreeding and generate isolation-by-distance patterns between villages. To test this hypothesis, we collected ethno-demographic data for 3261 couples and high-density genetic data for 675 individuals from 11 Southeast Asian populations with a wide range of social organizations: matrilineal and matrilocal populations (M), patrilineal and patrilocal populations (P) or cognatic populations with predominant matrilocal residence (C). We observed that M and C populations have higher levels of village endogamy than P populations, and that such higher village endogamy leads to higher genetic inbreeding. M populations also exhibit isolation-by-distance patterns between villages. We interpret such genetic patterns as the signature of the ‘matrilineal puzzle’. Notably, our results suggest that any form of matrilocal marriage (whatever the descent rule is) increases village endogamy. These findings suggest that male dominance, when combined with matrilocality, constrains inter-village migrations, and constitutes an underexplored cultural process shaping genetic patterns in human populations.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolution of female-biased kinship in humans and other mammals’.
Pain in clients attending a South African voluntary counselling and testing centre was frequent and extensive but did not depend on HIV status
Authors: Wadley Antonia L , Lazarus Erica , Gray Glenda E , Mitchell Duncan , Kamerman Peter R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of pain is reported to be high in people living with HIV (PLWH), but valid comparisons between PLWH and HIV-negative cohorts are rare. We investigated whether HIV infection influenced frequency and characteristics of pain in adults undergoing voluntary testing for HIV.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centre at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa. Pain was assessed using the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire. Depressive and anxiety symptomatology was determined using the Hopkins Symptom checklist-25. We then stratified by HIV status.ResultsData from 535 black South Africans were analysed: HIV-infected n=70, HIV uninfected n=465. Overall, frequency of pain was high with 59% (95%CI: 55; 63, n: 316/535) of participants reporting pain, with no difference related to HIV status: HIV-infected 50% (95% CI: 37; 61, n: 35/70), HIV-uninfected 60% (95%CI: 56; 65, n: 281/465). Pain intensity and number of pain sites were similar between the groups as were symptoms of anxiety and depression: mean HSCL-25 1.72 (95% CI 1.57; 1.87) HIV-infected participants and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.63; 1.73) HIV-uninfected participants. Univariate analysis showed female sex and greater depressive and anxiety symptomatology associated with having pain. In a conservative multivariable model, only depressive and anxiety symptomatology was retained in the model.ConclusionThe high frequency of pain found in both HIV infected and uninfected individuals presenting at a VCT centre was more likely to be associated with depression and anxiety, than with the presence or absence of HIV.
Evaluation of Indicators of Reproducibility and Transparency in Published Cardiology Literature
Authors: Anderson J. Michael , Wright Bryan , Tritz Daniel , Horn Jarryd , Parker Ian , Bergeron Daniel , Cook Sharolyn , Vassar Matt 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of reproducibility in cardiology research remains unclear. Therefore, our main objective was to determine the quality of research published in cardiology journals using eight indicators of reproducibility.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, we conducted an advanced search of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) catalog for publications from 2014-2018 in journals pertaining to cardiology. Journals must have been published in the English language and must have been indexed in MEDLINE. Once the initial list of publications from all cardiology journals was obtained, we searched for full-text PDF versions using Open Access, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Studies were analyzed using a pilot-tested Google Form to evaluate the presence of information that was deemed necessary to reproduce the study in its entirety.ResultsAfter exclusions, we included 132 studies containing empirical data. Of these studies, the majority (126/132, 95.5%) did not provide the raw data collected while conducting the study, 0/132 (0%) provided step-by-step analysis scripts, and 117/132 (88.6%) failed to provide sufficient materials needed to reproduce the study.ConclusionsThe presentation of studies published in cardiology journals does not appear to facilitate reproducible research. Considerable improvements to the framework of biomedical science, specifically in the field of cardiology, are necessary. Solutions to increase the reproducibility and transparency of published works in cardiology journals is warranted, including addressing inadequate sharing of materials, raw data, and key methodological details.
Community standards to facilitate development and address challenges in metabolic modeling
Authors: Carey Maureen A. , Dräger Andreas , Papin Jason A. , Yurkovich James T. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTStandardization of data and models facilitates effective communication, especially in computational systems biology. However, both the development and consistent use of standards and resources remains challenging. As a result, the amount, quality, and format of the information contained within systems biology models are not consistent and therefore present challenges for widespread use and communication. Here, we focused on these standards, resources, and challenges in the field of metabolic modeling by conducting a community-wide survey. We used this feedback to (1) outline the major challenges that our field faces and to propose solutions and (2) identify a set of features that defines what a “gold standard” metabolic network reconstruction looks like concerning content, annotation, and simulation capabilities. We anticipate that this community-driven outline will help the long-term development of community-inspired resources as well as produce high-quality, accessible models. More broadly, we hope that these efforts can serve as blueprints for other computational modeling communities to ensure continued development of both practical, usable standards and reproducible, knowledge-rich models.
An online tool for calculating initial rates from continuous enzyme kinetic traces
Authors: Olp Michael D. , Kalous Kelsey S. , Smith Brian C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA computer program was developed for semi-automated calculation of initial rates from continuous kinetic traces during the evaluation of Michaelis-Menten and EC50/IC50 kinetic parameters from high-throughput enzyme assays. The tool allows users to interactively fit kinetic traces using convenient browser-based selection tools, ameliorating tedious steps involved in defining linear ranges in general purpose programs like Microsoft Excel while still maintaining the simplicity of the “ruler and pencil” method of determining initial rates. As a test case, we quickly and accurately analyzed over 500 continuous enzyme kinetic traces resulting from experimental data on the response of Sirt1 to small-molecule activators. For a given titration series, our program allows simultaneous visualization of individual initial rates and the resulting Michaelis-Menten or EC50/IC50 kinetic model fit. In addition to serving as a convenient program for practicing enzymologists, our tool is also a useful teaching aid to visually demonstrate in real-time how incorrect initial rate fits can affect calculated steady-state kinetic parameters. For the convenience of the research community, we have made our program freely available online at https://continuous-enzyme-kinetics.herokuapp.com/continuous-enzyme-kinetics.
Streamlined production, purification, and comparison of recombinant extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate depolymerases
Authors: Martínez-Tobón Diana I. , Waters Brennan , Elias Anastasia L. , Sauvageau Dominic 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeterologous production of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) depolymerases (PhaZs) has been of interest for over 30 years, but implementation is sometimes difficult and can limit the scope of research. With the constant development of tools to improve recombinant protein production inEscherichia coli, we propose a method that takes characteristics of PhaZs from different bacterial strains into account. Recombinant His-tagged versions of PhaZs (rPhaZ) fromComamonas testosteroni31A,Cupriavidussp.,Marinobacter algicolaDG893,Pseudomonas stutzeri, andRalstoniasp. were successfully produced with varying expression, solubility, and purity levels. PhaZs fromC. testosteroniandP. stutzeriwere more amenable to heterologous expression in all aspects; however, strategies were developed to circumvent low expression and purity for the other PhaZs. Degradation activity of the rPhaZs was compared using a simple PHB plate-based method, adapted to test for various pH and temperatures. rPhaZ fromM. algicolapresented the highest activity at 15 °C, and rPhaZs fromCupriavidussp. andRalstoniasp. had the highest activity at pH 5.4. The methods proposed herein can be used to test the production of soluble recombinant PhaZs, and to perform preliminary evaluation for applications that require PHB degradation.
A Whole-Genome Approach Discovers Novel Genetic and Non-Genetic Variance Components Modulated by Lifestyle for Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Zhou Xuan , van der Werf Julius , Carson-Chahhoud Kristin , Ni Guiyan , McGrath John , Hyppönen Elina , Lee S. Hong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBoth genetic and non-genetic factors can predispose individuals to cardiovascular risk. Finding ways to alter these predispositions is important for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Here, we use a novel whole-genome framework to estimate genetic and non-genetic effects on—hence their predispositions to—cardiovascular risk and determine whether they vary with respect to lifestyle factors. We performed analyses on the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC, N=6,896-7,180) and validated findings using the UK Biobank (UKBB, N=14,076-34,538). Cardiovascular risk was measured using 23 traits in the ARIC and eight traits in the UKBB, such as body mass index (BMI), resting heart rate, white blood cell count and blood pressure; and lifestyle factors included information on physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and dietary intake. Physical activity altered both genetic and non-genetic effects on heart rate and BMI, genetic effects on HDL cholesterol level, and non-genetic effects on waist-to-hip ratio. Alcohol consumption altered both genetic and non-genetic effects on BMI, while smoking altered non-genetic effects on heart rate, pulse pressure, and white blood cell count. In addition, saturated fat intake modified genetic effects on BMI, and total daily energy intake modified non-genetic effects on waist-to-hip ratio. These results highlight the relevance of lifestyle changes for CVD prevention. We also stratified individuals according to their genetic predispositions and showed notable differences in the effects of lifestyle on cardiovascular risk across stratified groups, implying the need for individualizing lifestyle changes for CVD prevention. Finally, we showed that neglecting lifestyle modulation of genetic and non-genetic effects will on average reduce SNP heritability estimates of cardiovascular traits by a small yet significant amount, primarily owing to overestimation of residual variance. Thus, current SNP heritability estimates for cardiovascular traits, which commonly do not consider modulating effects of lifestyle covariates, are likely underestimated.
Cryopreservation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is not detrimental to their molecular and functional properties
Authors: van den Brink Lettine , Brandão Karina O. , Grandela Catarina , Mol Mervyn P.H. , Mummery Christine L. , Verkerk Arie O. , Davis Richard P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have emerged as a powerful platform for in vitro modelling of cardiac diseases, safety pharmacology, and drug screening. All these applications require large quantities of well-characterised and standardised batches of hiPSC-CMs. Cryopreservation of hiPSC-CMs without affecting their biochemical or biophysical phenotype is essential for facilitating this, but ideally requires the cells being unchanged by the freeze-thaw procedure. We therefore compared the in vitro functional and molecular characteristics of fresh and cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs generated from two independent hiPSC lines. While the frozen hiPSC-CMs exhibited poorer replating than their freshly-derived counterparts, there was no difference in the proportion of cardiomyocytes retrieved from the mixed population when this was factored in. Interestingly, cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs from one line exhibited longer action potential durations. These results provide evidence that cryopreservation does not compromise the in vitro molecular, physiological and mechanical properties of hiPSC-CMs, though can lead to an enrichment in ventricular myocytes. It also validates this procedure for storing hiPSC-CMs, thereby allowing the same batch of hiPSC-CMs to be used for multiple applications and evaluations.