bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Importance of Nasal Air Conditioning: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Newsome Hillary , L. Lin Emily , Poetker David M. , Garcia Guilherme J. M. 
Published: July 2019

Background Nasal air conditioning (ie, heating and humidification of inspired air) is an important function of the nasal cavity. This function may be reduced in cases of aggressive nasal surgery. Future virtual surgery planning tools may be used to design surgical approaches that preserve the nasal air conditioning capacity while decreasing airflow resistance. However, it is unclear whether there is a threshold below which impaired nasal air conditioning is associated with negative health consequences. Objective This study aims to review the literature on the clinical impact of reduced nasal air conditioning and its implications for nasal surgery outcomes. Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases for articles that investigated the effect of air temperature and humidity on mucociliary clearance, respiratory epithelial structure, and the prevalence and severity of respiratory diseases. Results Inspiration of cold, dry air has direct effects on the respiratory epithelium, such as reduced mucociliary clearance and loss of cilia. Nasal surgeries do inflict some changes to the nasal mucosa and geometry that may result in decreased heating and humidification, but it is unclear how long these effects last. Laryngectomy patients serve as a human model for the absence of nasal air conditioning. The heat and moisture exchangers that many laryngectomy patients wear have been shown to improve lung function and reduce pulmonary symptoms associated with breathing unconditioned air, such as increased coughing and thickened mucus. Conclusion Nasal air conditioning is an important mechanism to maintain mucociliary clearance and prevent infection by inhaled pathogens. Preservation of nasal air conditioning capacity should be considered in the implementation of future virtual surgery planning tools. However, a threshold for the onset of negative health consequences due to impaired nasal air conditioning is not yet available.
Psychological Health and Smoking in Young Adulthood
Authors: Schmidt Allison M. , Golden Shelley D. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Ennett Susan T. , Aiello Allison E. , Ribisl Kurt M. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Young adulthood is a critical time for the emergence of risk behaviors including smoking. Psychological health is associated with smoking, but studies rarely track both over time. We used longitudinal data to assess whether average patterns of psychological health influenced average patterns of smoking and whether short-term fluctuations in psychological health influenced fluctuations in smoking. Method: Young adults aged 18–30 from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were followed from 2007 to 2013, and mean trajectories of smoking were modeled. Psychological health variables included ever having a mental health diagnosis and time-varying distress. Results: In regression models, individuals with poorer psychological health (higher distress or a diagnosis) were more likely to be smokers and to smoke greater number of cigarettes. The association of diagnosis with number of cigarettes smoked increased with age. Conclusions: Smoking-related interventions should target individuals with poorer psychological health, even if they have no formal mental health diagnosis.
Strength and Challenges of OBOR Initiative: Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh Kanwal Deepinder Pal 
Published: July 2019

The One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative of China is an attempt to ‘remake’ or recreate the ancient Silk Road or Silk Route, symbolising not only trade network but more importantly cultural interaction. It is an ambitious Eurasian strategy with large financial support, which aims to draw linkages from China to various regions of the world. The connectivity and cooperation presented by China between itself and the rest of Eurasia has two main components: the land-based ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ (SREB) and ocean-going ‘Maritime Silk Road’ (MSR). The ‘Belt’ includes countries geographically situated on the original Silk Road through Central Asia, West Asia, Russia and Europe and has six main corridors. Countries on the Belt and Road—especially those with underdeveloped infrastructure, low investment rates and per capita income—could experience a boost in trade flow and benefit from infrastructure development.  The main challenge for China and for the initiative is the potential for conflicts or geopolitical tensions that could emerge with other powers. This project will increase United States’ attention on Central Asia and South Asian region. This will have consequences for the smooth implementation of the strategy. There is an expected resistance from Russia and Russian-led Eurasian Union (EU) that may divide the relevant countries along the route, leaving them torn between choosing to pursue stronger ties with Russia or with China.  India also remains cautious of the project and still has not expressed its full support. It sees the initiative not as an opportunity, but as a threat or a form of competition. India’s objections are rooted in issues of sovereignty and territorial integrity. For instance, India opposes the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a pilot project of the trade initiative, due to its route passing through Gilgit-Baltistan, which is a disputed area between Pakistan and India. India has its own agenda of connectivity and cooperation.  This article shall first discuss the strengths and challenges of this project and analyse the regional, national and international situations. The Chinese initiative will be discussed, focusing on China’s domestic constraints along with regional economic situation and political tensions in neighbourhood. The Indian perspective related to this initiative shall be discussed in detail, including the ‘Look East-Act East’ policy. Planning and implementation of the project and its impact on bilateral relations shall be discussed. The author shall also analyse the South Asian perspective as a whole, which is plagued by territorial conflicts, bad governance, security threats, impaired transparency, energy crisis, poor infrastructure, fragile institutions and limping economies.
A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase III Noninferiority Trial to Compare the Clinical Efficacy of Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation With Spheroid Technology Versus Arthroscopic Microfracture for Cartilage Defects of the Knee
Authors: Niemeyer Philipp , Laute Volker , Zinser Wolfgang , Becher Christoph , Kolombe Thomas , Fay Jakob , Pietsch Stefan , Kuźma Tomasz , Widuchowski Wojciech , Fickert Stefan 
Published: July 2019

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and microfracture are established treatments for large, full-thickness cartilage defects, but there is still a need to expand the clinical and health economic knowledge of these procedures. Purpose: To confirm the noninferiority of ACI compared with microfracture. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients were randomized to be treated with matrix-associated ACI using spheroid technology (n = 52) or microfracture (n = 50). Both procedures followed standard methods. Patients were assessed by the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) scoring system, Bern score, modified Lysholm score, International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) rating (histological and immunochemical scoring after rebiopsy 24 months after implantation), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) examination form. The main assessments were conducted 24 months after study treatment. Results: In the primary intention-to-treat analysis, the overall KOOS score for both ACI and microfracture yielded a statistically significant improvement relative to baseline. According to the between-group analysis, ACI passed the test of noninferiority compared with microfracture; thus, the primary goal of the study was achieved. The KOOS subscores yielded the same qualitative results as the overall KOOS score (ie, for each of these, noninferiority was demonstrated), and in 1 case (Activities of Daily Living subscore), the threshold for superiority was passed. The subgroup analyses did not yield any clear evidence of an association between treatment effect and any of the categories investigated (age, diagnosis, defect localization, sex). A histological analysis of biopsies from 16 patients (ACI: n = 9; microfracture: n = 7) suggested a better quality of repair in the patients treated with ACI. Conclusion: The efficacy of both ACI and microfracture was demonstrated with respect to both functional outcomes and morphological repair. The primary analysis confirmed the statistical hypothesis of the noninferiority of ACI, even for relatively small cartilage defects (1-4 cm2) treated in this study, the indication for which microfracture is generally accepted as the standard of care. ACI showed significant superiority in the KOOS subscores of Activities of Daily Living at 24 months and Knee-related Quality of Life at 12 months. Registration: NCT01222559 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Patient Views of Behavioral Health Providers in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study of 2 Southeastern Clinics
Authors: Koehler Aubry N , Trejo Grisel , Sandberg Joanne C , Swain Brittany H , Marion Gail S , Kirk Julienne K 
Published: July 2019

Background: Limited research is available around patient experience of integrated behavioral health care in primary care settings. Objective: We sought to identify the major themes through which patients described their integrated behavioral health care experiences as a means of informing and improving clinic processes of integrated health care delivery. Methods: We captured viewpoints from 16 patients who experienced an integrated behavioral health care model from 2 primary care clinics and completed at least 3 visits with a behavioral health provider (BHP). Using grounded theory analyses, we coded and analyzed transcriptions for emergent themes. Analysis: The interview process yielded 3 major themes related to the BHP including (a) the BHPs’ clinic presence made behavioral health care more convenient and accessible, (b) BHPs worked within time and program limitations, and (c) BHPs helped with coping, wellness, and patient-care team communication. Conclusion: The BHPs serving in a large primary care practice and a Federally Qualified Health Center played an important role in connecting patients with behavioral health care and improving care team collaboration, both in terms of communication within the team and between the team and the patient/family.
Evaluation effectiveness of 0.1% nepafenac on injection-related pain in patients undergoing intravitreal Ozurdex injection
Authors: Ogurel Tevfik , Ogurel Reyhan , Ozkal Fatma , Ölmez Yaşar , Örnek Nurgül , Onaran Zafer 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the analgesic effect of topical 0.1% nepafenac solution during intravitreal Ozurdex injection. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study included 59 patients who were diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion or pseudophakic cystoid macular edema and were selected to receive intravitreal Ozurdex injection. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1, consisting of 31 eyes of 31 patients, received topical 0.1% nepafenac with topical anesthesia (0.5% proparacaine HCl, Alcaine; Alcon, TX, USA), and group 2, consisting of 28 eyes of 28 patients, received placebo with topical anesthesia. Results: There were 14 (45.2%) men and 17 (54.8%) women in group 1 and 16 (57.1%) men and 12 (42.9%) women in group 2. The mean age of the subjects was 64.42 ± 5.51 years in group 1 and 62.32 ± 7.54 years in group 2. The median visual analog scale pain score was 2 (1–3) in group 1 and 4 (1–6) in group 2. The visual analog scale pain score was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Topical 0.1% nepafenac has an additive analgesic effect when combined with topical anesthesia for intravitreal Ozurdex injection.
Fabrication of micro-mixer on printed circuit board using electrochemical micromachining
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Bhattacharya Shantanu 
Published: July 2019

Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) has been mostly carried out in situations demanding precision, complexity in the shapes of final components and in case the surface integrity and performance are independent of the machining process. In this work, the following have been demonstrated: The first part of the work demonstrates the experimental setup for ECMM that is used to fabricate a micro-mixer on a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate by using a single point electrochemical machining tool with a tip diameter—150 µm. The method is able to show a promising route of fabrication where the circuit lines on a PCB substrate can be printed with high yield and processing speeds. The second part of the article points out that machining can be carried out on PCB substrates through electrochemical processes using a single point tool and a minimum feature size of 243 µm can be machined with a fine tolerance of 0.025 µm and roughness = 3.0459 µm~7.2404 µm. The third part of the article reports the geometrical parameters of a relatively complex geometry of a micro-mixer which is arrived at through a COMSOL based simulation platform that is fabricated using the mentioned manufacturing process. The process is further validated through the design of experiments, and fluid flow and mixing behaviour on the fabricated structure is evaluated through an epifluorescence microscope. The advantages that this technique may offer is in terms of achieving an overall low feature size in comparison to micro-milling and avoiding the complexities of lithography-driven processes to produce a process which has a much lower equipment dependency, is environmentally benign in comparison to the lithography driven techniques and is overall low in cost.
Implementing alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy in primary care settings: a qualitative analysis of provider-identified barriers and impact on implementation outcomes
Authors: Hagedorn Hildi J. , Wisdom Jennifer P. , Gerould Heather , Pinsker Erika , Brown Randall , Dawes Michael , Dieperink Eric , Myrick Donald Hugh , Oliva Elizabeth M. , Wagner Todd H. , Harris Alex H. S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), in 2016, only 7.8% of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria received any type of AUD treatment. Developing options for treatment within primary care settings is imperative to increase treatment access. As part of a trial to implement AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care settings, this qualitative study analyzed pre-implementation provider interviews using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify implementation barriers.

Methods
Three large Veterans Health Administration facilities participated in the implementation intervention. Local providers were trained to serve as implementation/clinical champions and received external facilitation from the project team. Primary care providers received a dashboard of patients with AUD for case identification, educational materials, and access to consultation from clinical champions. Veterans with AUD diagnoses received educational information in the mail. Prior to the start of implementation activities, 24 primary care providers (5–10 per site) participated in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using common coding techniques for qualitative data using the CFIR codebook Innovation/Intervention Characteristics, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, and Characteristics of Individuals domains. Number and type of barriers identified were compared to quantitative changes in AUD pharmacotherapy prescribing rates.

Results
Four major barriers emerged across all three sites: complexity of providing AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care, the limited compatibility of AUD treatment with existing primary care processes, providers’ limited knowledge and negative beliefs about AUD pharmacotherapy and providers’ negative attitudes toward patients with AUD. Site specific barriers included lack of relative advantage of providing AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care over current practice, complaints about the design quality and packaging of implementation intervention materials, limited priority of addressing AUD in primary care and limited available resources to implement AUD pharmacotherapy in primary care.

Conclusions
CFIR constructs were useful for identifying pre-implementation barriers that informed refinements to the implementation intervention. The number and type of pre-implementation barriers identified did not demonstrate a clear relationship to the degree to which sites were able to improve AUD pharmacotherapy prescribing rate. Site-level implementation process factors such as leadership support and provider turn-over likely also interacted with pre-implementation barriers to drive implementation outcomes.
IL13RA2 Is Differentially Regulated in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma vs Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Chong Siao Ting , Tan Khee Ming , Kok Catherine Y L , Guan Shou Ping , Lai Siang Hui , Lim Cindy , Hu Jiancheng , Sturgis Charles , Eng Charis , Lam Paula Y P , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
The interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 (IL13RA2), which is known to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, plays a role in various cellular processes such as cell migration that may contribute to tumor progression. Studies have attributed IL13RA2 to invasion and metastasis in cancers of the ovary, breast, and pancreas, but the pathological role of IL13RA2 in thyroid cancer is still unclear.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate IL13RA2 expression in thyroid carcinomas and to examine the role of IL13RA2 in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods
IL13RA2 immunochemical staining was performed on tissue microarrays of 137 thyroid carcinomas from patients, and the differential profile of IL13RA2 was validated in thyroid cancer cell lines. In PTC cell lines, we functionally assessed the effects of IL13RA2 underexpression and overexpression on cell proliferation, cell migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by using CCK-8, transwell migration assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis.

Results
IL13RA2 expression was significantly correlated with advanced tumor T stage (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.001) and regional lymph node metastasis (pN1; P < 0.001). The staining scores of IL13RA2 were significantly higher in PTC compared with follicular subtypes (P < 0.001) and correlated with advanced tumor stage among PTC samples (pT3 or pT4; P = 0.028). Knockdown of IL13RA2 in B-CPAP cells significantly reduced cell viability, cell migration, and EMT markers including N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail. Exogenous overexpression of IL13RA2 in K1 cells increased cell migration and EMT, although cell proliferation was not affected.

Conclusion
IL13RA2 is differentially regulated in PTC and is involved in cell migration by enhancing EMT.
Above and belowground carbon pools are affected by dominant floral species in hyper-arid environments
Authors: Ksiksi Taoufik S. , Trueman Rebecca , Abdelfattah Mahmoud , Mousa Mohamed Taher , Almarzouqi Abdullah Yousif , Barahim Soltan Abdollah 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Carbon (C) pools in desert ecosystems have not been well investigated, especially in relation to quantitative assessment for different compartments. In many ecosystems C uptake may increase, which leads to accelerated C cycling belowground. Methods: Therefore there is a strong need for C storage in compartments such as phytomass and/or within soils. In the present study we assessed C pools of different soil/vegetation associations as affected by the dominant tree and shrub species. Results: Mountain valleys had the highest C pool in the phytomass compartment with an average of 3.6 tons per hectare, of which 1.32 tons per hectare were contained aboveground. The introduced Prosopis juliflora had by far the highest average contribution of 3.47 tons of C per hectare. Most of which is in the above ground parts (83.3%) and the remaining is sequestered below ground. Halopeplis perfoliata, however, contributed the least C to the desert systems of the UAE. Some land forms, such as mountain valleys, were shown to sequester more C than others, which constitute a good reason to improve their conditions. Conclusions: Few shrub/tree species, such as P. juliflora, were also reported to have high potentials as a C pool in the hyper-arid environment of the UAE.
The influence of antipsychotic therapy on the cognitive functions of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Tybura Piotr , Mak Monika , Samochowiec Agnieszka , Pełka Wysiecka Justyna , Grzywacz Anna , Grochans Elżbieta , Zareba-Pechmann Liliana , Samochowiec Jerzy 
Published: July 2019

CelCele prezentowanego badania obejmowały: 1. porównanie skuteczności trzech leków przeciwpsychotycznych (ziprasidonu, olanzapiny i perazyny) w leczeniu schizofrenii 2. porównanie poprawy funkcji poznawczych pomiędzy grupami chorych leczonymi różnymi lekami.MetodaDo badania zrekrutowano 58 pacjentów rasy kaukaskiej z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii paranoidalnej. Diagnozę oparto o kryteria ICD-10, użyto polskiej wersji CIDI (Composite International Diagnostic Interview), nasilenie objawów psychopatologicznych oceniano używając PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). W sposób zrandomizowany przydzielono osoby do 3-miesięcznej monoterapii perazyną, olanzapiną lub ziprasidonem. Skuteczność leczenia była mierzona zmianą całkowitego wyniku w PANSS od włączenia leczenia (T0) do końca badania (T1). Ocena pamięci operacyjnej, funkcji wykonawczych została przeprowadzona przy użyciu WCST (The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test). Za pomocą testu Wilcoxona oraz Kruskal-Wallis porównywano całkowity wynik w PANSS pomiędzy grupami terapeutycznymi. Do analizy parametrów WCST zastosowano test Kruskal-Wallis celem oceny funkcji poznawczych.WynikiWszystkie trzy zastosowane leki przeciwpsychotyczne wykazywały podobną redukcję całkowitego wyniku w PANSS. Niektóre parametry WCST badane testem Kruskal-Wallis wykazywały różnice w poszczególnych grupach terapeutycznych.WnioskiRezultaty sugerują, że krótkoterminowa skuteczność leków atypowych (olanzapina i ziprasidon) oraz leku klasycznego (perazyny) nie wykazuje szczególnych różnic. W oparciu o przeprowadzoną analizę, można wyciągnąć wnioski, że badane trzy neuroleptyki podobnie wpływały na poprawę funkcjonowania poznawczego.