bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RF-Based Fall Monitoring Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tian Yonglong , Lee Guang-He , He Hao , Hsu Chen-Yu , Katabi Dina 
Published: September 2018

Falls are the top reason for fatal and non-fatal injuries among seniors. Existing solutions are based on wearable fall-alert sensors, but medical research has shown that they are ineffective, mostly because seniors do not wear them. These revelations have led to new passive sensors that infer falls by analyzing Radio Frequency (RF) signals in homes. Seniors can go about their lives as usual without the need to wear any device. While passive monitoring has made major advances, current approaches still cannot deal with the complexities of real-world scenarios. They typically train and test their classifiers on the same people in the same environments, and cannot generalize to new people or new environments. Further, they cannot separate motions from different people and can easily miss a fall in the presence of other motions.
To overcome these limitations, we introduce Aryokee, an RF-based fall detection system that uses convolutional neural networks governed by a state machine. Aryokee works with new people and environments unseen in the training set. It also separates different sources of motion to increase robustness. Results from testing Aryokee with over 140 people performing 40 types of activities in 57 different environments show a recall of 94% and a precision of 92% in detecting falls.
Single-cell responses to three-dimensional structure in a functionally defined patch in macaque area TEO
Authors: Alizadeh Amir-Mohammad , Van Dromme Ilse C. , Janssen Peter 
Published: September 2018

Both dorsal and ventral visual pathways harbor several areas sensitive to gradients of binocular disparity (i.e., higher-order disparity). Although a wealth of information exists about disparity processing in early visual (V1, V2, and V3) and end-stage areas, TE in the ventral stream, and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP) in the dorsal stream, little is known about midlevel area TEO in the ventral pathway. We recorded single-unit responses to disparity-defined curved stimuli in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation elicited by curved surfaces compared with flat surfaces in the macaque area TEO. This fMRI activation contained a small proportion of disparity-selective neurons, with very few of them second-order disparity selective. Overall, this population of TEO neurons did not preserve its three-dimensional structure selectivity across positions in depth, indicating a lack of higher-order disparity selectivity, but showed stronger responses to flat surfaces than to curved surfaces, as predicted by the fMRI experiment. The receptive fields of the responsive TEO cells were relatively small and generally foveal. A linear support vector machine classifier showed that this population of disparity-selective TEO neurons contains reliable information about the sign of curvature and the position in depth of the stimulus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We recorded in a part of the macaque area TEO that is activated more by curved surfaces than by flat surfaces at different disparities using the same stimuli. In contrast to previous studies, this functional magnetic resonance imaging-defined patch did not contain a large number of higher-order disparity-selective neurons. However, a linear support vector machine could reliably classify both the sign of the disparity gradient and the position in depth of the stimuli.
Tobacco Carcinogen–Induced Production of GM-CSF Activates CREB to Promote Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Srinivasan Supriya , Totiger Tulasigeri , Shi Chanjuan , Castellanos Jason , Lamichhane Purushottam , Dosch Austin R. , Messaggio Fanuel , Kashikar Nilesh , Honnenahally Kumaraswamy , Ban Yuguang , Merchant Nipun B. , VanSaun Michael , Nagathihalli Nagaraj S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Although smoking is a significant risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC development and progression in smokers are still unclear. Here, we show the role of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the pathogenesis of smoking-induced PDAC. Smokers had significantly higher levels of activated CREB when compared with nonsmokers. Cell lines derived from normal pancreas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN) exhibited low baseline pCREB levels compared with PDAC cell lines. Furthermore, elevated CREB expression correlated with reduced survival in patients with PDAC. Depletion of CREB significantly reduced tumor burden after tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) treatment, suggesting a CREB-dependent contribution to PDAC growth and progression in smokers. Conversely, NNK accelerated PanIN lesion and PDAC formation via GM-CSF–mediated activation of CREB in a PDAC mouse model. CREB inhibition (CREBi) in mice more effectively reduced primary tumor burden compared with control or GM-CSF blockade alone following NNK exposure. GM-CSF played a role in the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and promotion, whereas CREBi significantly reduced TAM and Treg populations in NNK-exposed mice. Overall, these results suggest that NNK exposure leads to activation of CREB through GM-CSF, promoting inflammatory and Akt pathways. Direct inhibition of CREB, but not GM-CSF, effectively abrogates these effects and inhibits tumor progression, offering a viable therapeutic strategy for patients with PDAC.
Significance: These findings identify GM-CSF-induced CREB as a driver of pancreatic cancer in smokers and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting CREB to reduce PDAC tumor growth.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/21/6146/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6146–58. ©2018 AACR.
Head-to-Head Comparison of Modified Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty and Robot-Assisted Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in China
Authors: Hong Peng , Ding Guangpu , Zhu Dongdong , Yang Kunlin , Pan Jinhong , Li Xuesong , Chen Zhipeng , Zhang Lei , Tang Qi , Hao Han , Zhou Zhansong , Zhou Liqun 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To compare the outcomes of modified laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) and robot-assisted pyeloplasty (RLP) for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in China patients. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent modified LP and RLP using a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach at 2 different medical institutions between October 2009 and November 2017. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy-six patients underwent modified LP and 140 patients underwent RLP. No open conversion occurred. The mean operative time of RLP was shorter than that of modified LP (<i>p</i> = 0.042). For UPJO concomitant with renal calculi, there was no difference in operative time between 2 groups (<i>p</i> = 0.656). With RLP, the operative time for UPJO concomitant with horseshoe was shorter (<i>p</i> = 0.011). In terms of complication rate, there was no significant difference between 2 groups (<i>p</i> = 0.596). The postoperative hospital stay for modified LP was shorter than that for RLP (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The mean follow-up time for modified LP and RLP was 31.79 months and 10.85 months respectively (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The success rate was 96.05 and 97.86% for modified LP and RLP, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.736). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Modified LP and RLP are safe and efficient treatment for UPJO with similar success rates.
County‐Level Hispanic Ethnic Density and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Authors: Rodriguez Fatima , Hu Jiaqi , Kershaw Kiarri , Hastings Katherine G. , López Lenny , Cullen Mark R. , Harrington Robert A. , Palaniappan Latha P. 
Published: September 2018

Background

Hispanics are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States, and little is known about how Hispanic ethnic population density impacts cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) mortality.

Methods and Results

We examined county‐level deaths for Hispanics and non‐Hispanic whites from 2003 to 2012 using data from the National Center for Health Statistics’ Multiple Cause of Death mortality files. Counties with more than 20 Hispanic deaths (n=715) were included in the analyses.
CVD
deaths were identified using
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10),
I00 to I78, and population estimates were calculated using linear interpolation from 2000 and 2010 census data. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the association of Hispanic ethnic density with Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white age‐adjusted
CVD
mortality rates. County‐level age‐adjusted
CVD
mortality rates were adjusted for county‐level demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors. There were a total of 4 769 040 deaths among Hispanics (n=382 416) and non‐Hispanic whites (n=4 386 624). Overall, cardiovascular age‐adjusted mortality rates were higher among non‐Hispanic whites compared with Hispanics (244.8 versus 189.0 per 100 000). Hispanic density ranged from 1% to 96% in each county. Counties in the highest compared with lowest category of Hispanic density had 60% higher Hispanic mortality (215.3 versus 134.2 per 100 000 population). In linear regression models, after adjusting for county‐level demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare factors, increasing Hispanic ethnic density remained strongly associated with mortality for Hispanics but not for non‐Hispanic whites.

Conclusions

CVD
mortality is higher in counties with higher Hispanic ethnic density. County‐level characteristics do not fully explain the higher
CVD
mortality among Hispanics in ethnically concentrated counties.
Atmospheric Response to SST Anomalies. Part II: Background-State Dependence, Teleconnections, and Local Effects in Summer
Authors: Thomson Stephen I. , Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this paper and its companion, Part I, we explore the response of the atmosphere to sea surface temperature anomalies in different geographical locations and seasons. In Part I, we focused on Northern Hemisphere winter (DJF), whereas in this paper, Part II, we focus on summer (JJA) and interseasonal comparisons. We use two different configurations of the same idealized atmospheric model, constructed using two different configurations of continents and topography. These configurations give rise to slightly different background wind fields and variability within the same season and therefore give a measure of how robust a response is to small changes in the background state. We characterize the types of responses that are found to SST anomalies in the midlatitudes and tropics in JJA and compare these with the two corresponding responses in DJF. We find that the responses to midlatitude SST anomalies in JJA are generally on a much smaller spatial scale than those in DJF. Responses in the tropical Pacific are much less dependent on season, although teleconnections between the tropical Pacific and the North Atlantic are not found in JJA as robustly as they are in DJF. Given insight from our model results, however, we do find some summer periods in reanalysis data where there is a strong association between the tropical Pacific and the summer North Atlantic Oscillation. We discuss the reasons for these effects and the implications for Northern Hemisphere seasonal prediction in summer.
Broadening of Modeled Cloud Droplet Spectra Using Bin Microphysics in an Eulerian Spatial Domain
Authors: Morrison Hugh , Witte Mikael , Bryan George H. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Lebo Zachary J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study investigates droplet size distribution (DSD) characteristics from condensational growth and transport in Eulerian dynamical models with bin microphysics. A hierarchy of modeling frameworks is utilized, including parcel, one-dimensional (1D), and three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES). The bin DSDs from the 1D model, which includes only vertical advection and condensational growth, are nearly as broad as those from the LES and in line with observed DSD widths for stratocumulus clouds. These DSDs are much broader than those from Lagrangian microphysical calculations within a parcel framework that serve as a numerical benchmark for the 1D tests. In contrast, the bin-modeled DSDs are similar to the Lagrangian microphysical benchmark for a rising parcel in which Eulerian transport is not considered. These results indicate that numerical diffusion associated with vertical advection is a key contributor to broadening DSDs in the 1D model and LES. This DSD broadening from vertical numerical diffusion is unphysical, in contrast to the physical mixing processes that previous studies have indicated broaden DSDs in real clouds. It is proposed that artificial DSD broadening from vertical numerical diffusion compensates for underrepresented horizontal variability and mixing of different droplet populations in typical LES configurations with bin microphysics, or the neglect of other mechanisms that broaden DSDs such as growth of giant cloud condensation nuclei. These results call into question the ability of Eulerian dynamical models with bin microphysics to investigate the physical mechanisms for DSD broadening, even though they may reasonably simulate overall DSD characteristics.
The Impact of Idealized Terrain on Upstream Tropical Cyclone Track
Authors: Huang Kuan-Chieh , Wu Chun-Chieh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) encountering the terrain of Taiwan usually experience prominent track deflection, resulting in uncertainty in TC track forecasts. The underlying mechanisms of TC deflection are examined to better understand the pattern of TC tracks under various flow regimes. In this study, idealized experiments are carried out utilizing the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. This study investigates the motion of a TC that is deflected southward while moving westward toward an idealized terrain similar to Taiwan. An analysis of both the flow asymmetries and the potential vorticity tendency (PVT) demonstrates that horizontal advection contributes to the southward movement of the TC. The track deflection is examined in two separate time periods, with different mechanisms leading to the southward movement. Changes in the background flow induced by the terrain first cause the large-scale steering current to push the TC southward while the TC is still far from the terrain. As the TC approaches the idealized topography, the role of the inner-core dynamics becomes important, and the TC terrain-induced channeling effect results in further southward deflection. Asymmetries in the midlevel flow also develop during this period, in part associated with the effect of vertical momentum transport. The combination of the large-scale environmental flow, the low-level channeling effect, and asymmetries in the midlevel flow all contribute to the southward deflection of the TC track.
Quality of care for the dying across different levels of palliative care development: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Schelin Maria EC , Sallerfors Bengt , Rasmussen Birgit H , Fürst Carl Johan 
Published: September 2018

Background: There is a lack of knowledge about how the provision and availability of specialized palliative care relates to the quality of dying in hospital and community-based settings. Aim: We aimed to explore the quality of care during last week of life in relation to different levels of palliative care development. Design: We investigated access to palliative care in Southern Sweden, where one region offers palliative care in accordance with European Association for Palliative Care guidelines for capacity, and the other region offers less developed palliative care. Data on approximately 12,000 deaths during 2015 were collected from the Swedish Register of Palliative Care. The quality of care was investigated by region, and was measured in terms of assessment of oral health and of pain, and end-of-life conversation, companionship at death and artificial nutrition/fluid in the last 24 h. Results: The overall quality of care during last week of life was not consistently better in the region with fully developed palliative care compared with the less developed region. In fact, for patients dying in hospitals and community-based settings, the quality was statistically significantly better in the less developed region. The small proportion of patients who had access to specialized palliative care had superior quality of care during the last week of life as compared to patients in other care settings. Conclusion: The capacity of specialized palliative care does not per se influence the quality of care during the last week of life for patients in other settings.
Moving beyond the individual: Occupational therapists' multi-layered work with communities
Authors: Lauckner Heidi , Leclair Leanne , Yamamoto Cynthia 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Although working with communities using community-centred approaches like community development has been identified as an important occupational therapy domain of practice, occupational therapists continue to struggle to clarify their roles and processes in this area of practice. From a study that aimed to describe the practice process of occupational therapists working in community development, this article presents key findings regarding how occupational therapists described their work with individuals and communities, providing a conceptualization of how to situate their work with individuals within a broad community context. Method Using interpretive description, individual interviews and focus group discussions were conducted via telephone with 12 occupational therapists from across Canada between February 2014 and March 2015. Results There was some uncertainty amongst participants regarding the definition of community development. Four layers of community-centred practice were inductively derived from the data: individual, group, community of interest, and systems. The latter two touch on community development. Conclusion The conceptualization that emerged from this study can assist occupational therapists in reflecting on current practice and furthering an appreciation of how their work with individuals can include a community focus, responding to calls within the profession to look beyond the individual.
Pitching Performance After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction at a Single Institution in Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Marshall Nathan E. , Keller Robert A. , Limpisvasti Orr , ElAttrache Neal S. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) has shown reliable rates of return to play, with conflicting results on pitching performance after players’ return. Purpose: To evaluate Major League Baseball (MLB) pitching performance before and after UCLR performed at a single institution. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: MLB pitchers (minor league players were excluded) who underwent UCLR at our institution between 2002 and 2016 were identified. Player information and return to play were determined including pitching level (MLB vs minor league) and total number of years played after surgery. Pitching performance statistics were evaluated for 3 years before surgery and for 3 years after returning to play including earned run average (ERA), walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP), innings pitched, wins above replacement, runs above replacement, and pitch velocity. Results: A total of 54 MLB pitchers were identified, with 46 primary and 8 revision reconstructions. The mean time to return to play was 13.8 months (primary reconstruction: 13.7 months). The majority returned to play with a 94% return rate (primary reconstruction: 96%), and 80% returned to MLB play (primary reconstruction: 82%). Three primary reconstructions required revision surgery. Pitchers played a mean of 3.2 years in MLB and 4.6 years total after surgery (39% still playing). Pitching workload and performance were maintained or improved after surgery. The preoperative ERA was 4.63 versus 4.13 after returning to play ( P = .268). Fastball velocity ( P = .032), ERA ( P = .003), and WHIP ( P = .001) worsened the first year after surgery and then improved the second year (ERA: 4.63 to 4.06 [ P = .380]; WHIP: 1.35 to 1.32 [ P = .221]; fastball velocity: 91.3 to 91.9 mph [ P = .097]). Compared with a matched control group, pitchers who had UCLR showed improvements or maintained performance after reconstruction including improved ERA ( P = .007), WHIP ( P = .025), and fastball velocity ( P = .006). Conclusion: MLB players experienced a high rate of return to play and previous level of play after UCLR. Pitching workload was maintained after returning to play. Pitching performance initially decreased the first year after returning and then improved or reverted to previous levels after the first year from UCLR.
The Unmet Needs of Patients With Progressive Neurological Diseases in the Czech Republic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bužgová Radka , Kozáková Radka , Juríčková Lubica 
Published: September 2018

Aim: The aim of our research was to explore the unfulfilled needs of patients with a progressive neurological disease in advanced stage of the illness within the current system of health and social care in the Czech Republic. Design and Setting: Qualitative research (grounded theory) was used to conceptualize the patterns of unmet palliative care needs in Czech Republic. Methods: The data collection method comprised individual, in-depth interviews (n = 19) and focus groups (n = 4) where a total of 52 respondents participated (patients with progressive neurological diseases [PNDs], family members, and professionals). Results: Two main categories of unfulfilled needs were determined (life with the disease, professional help), and they were described in the context of the 3 crucial themes identified in the study—the symptoms of the advanced stage of the disease resulted in substantial reduction of physical self-sufficiency, loss of autonomy, and social isolation; the level of dependence on the support and help of others increased; the patients also highlighted several problems related to health-care services. Conclusion: The unmet needs should be taken into consideration when creating the concept of the neuropalliative and rehabilitation care, including the mental health support plan, because of the emotional, behavioral, and cognitive disorders that frequently occur in the lives of a substantial amount of patients with PND.