bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
234 MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR PRESERVING ROOMY RED GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.)
Authors: Wassel Abdel Hameed 
Published: February 2019

Spraying Roomy Red grapes with benomyl 15 days before harvesting was effective than the control in decreasing decay percentage during 77 days cold storage(2-3°C). On the other hand, it was of meaningless effect on shattering and bleaching.
Adding sodium bisulfite at a rate of 0.25 and 0.50 gms/skgs fruits just before storage minimized decay and shattering percentage. Simultaneously, no significant influence could be detected concerning its influence on bleaching. Sodium bisulffite reduced losses in grapes, weight as well as total soluble solids and acidity than the control and benomyl treatments. The studied parameters in grapes treated with benomyl and solium bisulfite as a pre and post-harvest treatment did not differ statistically than that of those treated with sodium bisulfite alone.
327 LEAF WATER POTENTIAL, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT AND GAS EXCHANGE OF STRAWBERRY LEAVES IN RESPONSE TO WATE.R STRESS
Authors: Chen Chuhe , Cameron J. Scott , VanDerZanden Ann Marie 
Published: February 2019

Leaf water potential (LWP). relative water content (RWC), gas exchange rates and 4th-derivative spectra were measured in water-stressed and normally Irrigated plank of Totem' strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) grown in a growth chamber. CO2 assimilation rate (A) dropped sharply when LWP decreased from -0.5 to -1.2 MPa and almost ceased as LWP fell below -1.5 MPa. There was a significant but more gradual decline of A as RWC decreased form 90% to 55%. An exponential relationship with A was observed across a wide range of LWP and RWC (Rz= 0.64, 0.86, respectively). LWP was more closely related with transpiration and leaf and stomatal conductances than with A and water use efficiency. RWC was highly correlated with all gas exchange parameters.
Under moderate water stress, younger leaves maintain higher RWC and A than older leaves. There was no relationship between LWP and leaf age.
RWC and A were both negatively correlated with peak amplitudes of Ca 684 and Ca 697 and positively correlated with Ca 693 in their 4th-derivative spectra of chlorophyll. LWP had a negative correlation with Cb 640.
351 POSTPRODUCTION EVALUATIONS ON FORCED ASTILBE
Authors: Pemberton G.H. , Nell Terril A. , Leonard Ria T. , De Hertogh A.A. , Gallitano Lena , Barrett James E. 
Published: February 2019

Forced `Bumalda' and `Etna' Astilbe were evaluated for postproduction quality and longevity. Plants were sleeved, boxed and held at 9±2C for 3 days to simulate shipping at the following stages of floral development: tight bud (TB), 1-3 florets open, 25% florets open, 50% florets open, and 75% florets open. They were then placed at 21C and 14 μmol·m-2·s-1 (12h daylength) until flower senescence. Percent of inflorescences flowering increased from 34% at TB stage to 94% when shipped with 25 % of the florets open. `Etna' longevity increased from 3 days at TB stage to 12 days at 25% open stage. Optimum quality and longevity occurred when ≥ 25% of the florets were opened at shipping.
In a second experiment, `Bumalda' and `Etna' Astilbe were held at 18, 21 and 24C at irradiance levels of 7 or 14 μmol·m-2·s-1 when 25% of the florets were open. At 18C, longevity increased under 14 μmol·m-2·s-1 from 14 to 17 days. At 24C, longevity was only 10 days for both irradiance levels.
359 RESEARCH PROGRESS OF IR-4 ORNAMENTAL PROGRAM
Authors: Frank J. Ray , Kunkel Daniel L. 
Published: February 2019

Since the IR-4 Project for Ornamental Uses was initiated in 1977, over 13,500 research trials have been conducted. This effort has lead to over 3100 label-registrations for fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, nematicides and growth regulators.
This cooperative program is conducted by Federal and State workers in conjunction with growers of nursery, floral crop and landscape plant materials.
376 COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN AN HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IDENTIFICATION CLASS
Authors: Needham Douglas C. , Dobbs Steven 
Published: February 2019

Twenty-three students of HORT 2212: Herbaceous Ornamental Plants divided into five teams, each selecting one of the ground beds at the television studio gardens of Oklahoma Gardening to design with the aid of MacDraw II and Macintosh computers. The team approach promoted cooperative learning, where those who were skilled in design worked cooperatively with those individuals more skilled at developing the theme gardens' cultural pamphlets. This project encouraged individual students to develop various communication skills to support their team's thematic garden-visual, in the form of a CAD plot of the garden design; written, in the form of a garden pamphlet; and telecommunication, in the form of Oklahoma Gardening television segments.
The students and OBGA Ambassadors started the seeds and, then, planted the gardens, resulting in a very practical experience. This design and installation project not only prepared students for the cooperative efforts that they are likely to encounter in the ornamental horticulture and landscape design and maintenance industries, but also imparted pride in their work, which was viewed by over 150,000 television viewers and visitors weekly.
383 SPECIALTY/HEIRLOOM BEAN VARIETY EVALUATIONS IN THE LOWER SACRAMENTO VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA
Authors: Murray Mike , Temple Steve 
Published: February 2019

Significant industry interest exists for evaluating the lower Sacramento Valley as a production region for specialty dry beans. This interest is being driven by erratic or inconsistent production in the existing commercial production regions, mostly in the Pacific Northwest and the Mid-West regions. The environmental conditions in the Sacramento Valley are favorable for producing consistent yields of high-quality dry beans. Specialty beans are generally typified by limited markets and relatively high producer returns, and offers an attractive rotation crop for local growers.
Variety evaluations including many of the most popular or likely candidates for a local specialty bean industry were conducted in 1991 and 1993. Parameters evaluated included plant architecture, flowering dates, pod set and retention, maturity dates and seed yield. Additional qualitative evaluations to determine varietal quality were also conducted. Many varieties were identified that had both acceptable yield and seed quality potential.
401 PB 004 LANDSCAPE PLANT EVALUATION PROGRAM AT THE TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY NURSERY CROPS RESEARCH STATION
Authors: Flanagan Phillip C. , Sauve Roger , Witte Willard T. 
Published: February 2019

The Tennessee State University Nursery Crops Research Station is located at McMinnville in Middle Tennessee. This is a major nursery production area with a USDA Zone 6b climate and 134 cm mean annual rainfall.
Approximately 4 ha has been established, with drip irrigation, for comparative evaluation trials of Acer, Cornus, Lagerstroemia, Quercus, Syringa and Ulmus. Plants are being evaluated for: 1) landscape performance - growth, drought tolerance, heat/cold tolerance, 2)ornamental characteristics - bloom. leafcolor, fall color, shape, 3) resistance to disease and pests, and 4) adaptability for production under commercial conditions. Acquisition of plant materials began in 1992 with the collection and planting of more than 120 spp/cv of Acer. Plantings in 1994 consisted of Cornus = 100 spp/cv; Lagerstroemia = 70 spp/cv; Quercus ≈ 90 spp/cv; Syringa ≈ 50 spp/cv and Ulmus ≈ 30 spp/cv.
The long term objective is the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation program for the nursery industry of Tennessee.
413 PB 060 A PRINT-ON-DEMAND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING EDUCATIONAL AND EXTENSION MATERIALS
Authors: McConnell James , Marutani Mari 
Published: February 2019

A Print-On-Demand (POD) System was developed for the rapid production of educational and extension materials such as fact-sheets. Information is stored in a final format on the computer and the number of copies of a specific publication can be printed as needed. The system greatly reduces the time to having the finished product and allows any number of publications to be printed. The printing cost ranges from $.43 to $.80 per page with a 300dpi color thermal wax printer.
Photo CDs and video capture images are the most common sources of color images used in the POD system. Photo CDs produce higher quality images but require time to process a film before images are used in the system. In live video capture, an image can be captured by a video camera, and sent to a computer for immediate production of a fact-sheet. Tape playback reduces the image quality compared to live video. Live video also gives the best feedback in determining whether the image shows the desired information. In general, the image is video captured at twice the needed size and reduced while increasing the resolution from 72 dpi to 130 dpi. This produces a better quality image. Other sources of pictures are flatbed scanners and slide scanners.
433 PB 180 ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN DEMAND IN MATURE, ALTERNATE BEARING PISTACHIO TREES
Authors: Rosecrance Richard C. , Weinbaum Steve A. , Brown Patrick H. 
Published: February 2019

Contributions of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications to nitrate pollution of groundwater is an increasing public health concern. In an effort to improve N fertilizer efficiency, a study was initiated to determine periods of tree N demand in mature, alternate bearing pistachio trees. Seasonal patterns of nitrogen accumulation in the branches (i.e. fruit, current year wood, one year old wood, and leaves) and roots were monitored monthly.
Branches from heavily fruiting trees contained almost six times more nitrogen than branches from light fruiting trees by September; a result of the large amount of N accumulated in the fruit. Nitrogen accumulated in the branches during the Spring growth flush and nut fill periods in both heavy and light fruiting trees. Root nitrate and total N concentrations, however, peaked during the Spring growth flush and subsequently decreased during nut fill. The relationship between tree N demand and the capacity for N uptake is discussed.
444 PB 253 DISTRIBUTION OF QUERCETIN AND QUERCETIN GLYCOSIDES IN DIFFERENT-COLORED VARIETIES AND GENOTYPES OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) TISSUE
Authors: Patil Bhimanagouda S. , Pike Leonard M. 
Published: February 2019

Representative varieties and genotypes of different colored onions were compared to determine the extent of differences in the distribution of quercetin and quercetin glycosides. The dry skins, outer rings, and inner rings were separated and extracted with ethanol to obtain quercetin glycosides that were then hydrolyzed to free quercetin, or aglycone. Free quercetin was used as the standard for quantification by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Significant difference (P=0.05) in total quercetin content was observed between dry skin and inner rings (edible parts). A decrease in total quercetin content was observed from the dry skin to inner rings. The highest total quercetin content was observed in the dry skins of Red bone variety (30.74 g/kg dry weight) while Contessa variety contain the least amount (0.082 g/kg dry weight). Total quercetin content in outer scales (1-2 scales) in Kadavan variety is the highest (481 mg/kg fresh weight); however, trace amounts are observed in Contessa. Inner rings (5-6 and 7-10 scales) contain less amount of total quercetin in all the varieties.
Outer scales of all the varieties except 1015Y and Contessa contain moderate amount (2.5-16 mg/kg fresh weight) of free quercetin. Kadavan contain the highest amount of free quercetin (20.64 g/kg dry weight).
479 PB 405 THE PISUM P.I. AND MARX GENETIC STOCK COLLECTIONS
Authors: Simon Charles J. , Hannan Richard M. 
Published: February 2019

The USDA Pisum collection, currently consisting of 2881 P.I. lines, is in its third year of maintenance and distribution from the Pullman WA location, after being transferred from the Geneva. NY P.I. Station. It is our policy to distribute only material that is free of the Pea Seedborne Mosaic Virus. To that end 2300 of the lines have undergone an extensive virus cleanup program to verify infection status and provide virus free seed. Virus-free seed has been undergoing multiplication under greenhouse and screenhouse conditions in Pullman, and under field conditions at research station at Central Ferry, WA. Seed is now available for approximately 1700 lines. A two-year program to update descriptor information for the 19 most important descriptors identified by the Pisum CAC was initiated this summer. A pea core collection has been developed and is being examined for representative diversity with molecular markers.
The G.A. Marx genetic stocks collection was transferred to Pullman in February, 1994. Over 400 of the 500+ lines designated for that collection have been increased in Geneva, NY under greenhouse conditions and are currently available for distribution. A computer database describing this collection is near completion, as is a bound catalog that will be made available. Lines of the collection are being given P.I. numbers, and the database will be uploaded into the new version of the USDA GRIN computer system that should be on-line sometime in 1994.
492 PB 166 DETERMINATION OF WATER UPTAKE INTO PEAT MEDIA USING LOADCELLS
Authors: Buechel Troy M. , Beattie David J. , Holcomb E. Jay 
Published: February 2019

A characteristic problem with peat moss is its difficulty in initial wetting and rewetting, especially in a subirrigation system. Wetting agents improve wetting characteristics primarily by reducing the surface tension of water. This results in a rapid, uniform movement of water by capillary rise through the growing medium.
Two methods were used to compare the effectiveness of different wetting agents: gravimetric and electrical. Ten cm pots containing peat moss were placed in a subirrigation system. The gravimetric method used a laboratory scale where pots were periodically weighed to determine the amount of water absorbed. The electrical method utilized thin beam load cells, which have strain gages bound to the surface, to determine the weight of a suspended object. Load cells were coupled with a Campbell Scientific datalogger to collect data every minute without removing the pot from subirrigation. Because the effect of buoyancy altered the true weights, equations were generated to adjust the water uptake values. Corrected weights were used to create absorption curves for comparison of the slopes to determine which wetting agent has the fastest rate of absorption. The load cell reliably and accurately described the wetting characteristics of Peat moss and we found good agreement with the gravimetric method.
504 PB 242 EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION METHOD AND CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZER RATE ON LEACHATE AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM
Authors: Bruning Thomas B. , Chaplin Michael H. , Taber Henry G. 
Published: February 2019

Ground water contamination resulting from continuous liquid fertilization technologies is a serious problem facing greenhouse growers in the United States. Rooted Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. cultivar 'Iridon' cuttings were transplanted into 11 cm pots filled with a 50% peatmoss and 50% perlite (v/v) media containing 0.10, 0.21, 0.42, or 0.84 g N from a controlled release 12-10-17 plus minors fertilizer deposited directly below the transplanted cutting. Pots were assigned to a top-water or subirrigation treatment.
Subirrigation reduced the nitrate leachate concentration by as much as 250 ppm as compared with top-watering. Fertilizer N rate linearly decreased plant height in both of the irrigation treatments. Final dry weight of the shoot peaked at the 0.21 g N rate in both the irrigation treatments.
590 PB 138 LOW-TEMPERATURE STRESSED-INDUCED FLOWERING OF THE `WASHINGTON' NAVEL ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS L. OSBECK) WAS INCREASED BY APPLICATION OF PUTRESCINE OR SPERMIDINE TO THE FOLIAGE
Authors: Ali Anwar G. , Lovatt Carol J. 
Published: February 2019

The ability of arginine (50 mM), putrescine (10 and 20 mM), and spermidine (10 and 20 mM) to enhance low temperature stressed-induced flowering of 5-year-old container-grown `Washington' navel orange trees was evaluated. The metabolites were applied to the foliage at the end of the 4-week low-temperature treatment of 8-h days at 10°C and 16-h nights at 7°C; the trees were then moved to warmer conditions.
All treatments had a positive effect on floral intensity. Putrescine (20 mM) and spermidine (10 mM) significantly increased (P = 0.05) total flower number and both the number and proportion of leafless inflorescences per tree. However, the number of floral shoots per tree, as well as the number of leafy inflorescences and number of vegetative shoots were not significantly influenced by the metabolites.
The results suggest that polyamines are important to the development of flowers, but not leaves, along the axis of the inflorescence.
599 PB 205 THE INFLUENCE OF COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS AND CHEMICAL MOWING ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND WATER UTILIZATION OF YOUNG PECAN TREES AS MEASURED IN NON-WEIGHING LYSIMETERS
Authors: Worthington Josiah W. 
Published: February 2019

Budded, bare root, `Wichita' pecan trees were planted and grown in inexpensive, 2m X.75m, non-weighing lysimeters for three growing seasons. Metered water was applied automatically through microirrigation systems as called for by switching tensiometers. Soil moisture tension was not allowed to exceed 25 Kpa. All tree/sod combinations received 336 kg N per hectare from 1-1-1 ratio commercial fertilizer.
Water use, tree growth, and nutrient status of trees grown under the following orchard floor management practices were measured: 1)Unmowed coastal bermudagrass. 2)Mechanically mowed bermudagrass, 3)Chemically mowed bermudagrass, and 4)Bare soil.
Water use by trees with chemical or mechanically mowed sod were intermediate in water use between unmowed and fallow soil treatments. In spite of the fact that water was never limiting for any treatment, fallow trees grew significantly larger than trees in any of the sodded treatments. A significantly lower level of foliar potassium was noted in trees growing in sod systems.
627 PB 457 RELAY-INTERPLANTING COVER CROPS IN SWEET CORN
Authors: TenPas Tom , Luna John 
Published: February 2019

The effect on corn yield of interplanting two different cover crops, Trifolium repens, and Lolium perens into sweet corn, Zea mays, at 4 different times from corn planting was examined. Sweet corn was planted in 30 inch rows, and the cover crop was planted 0, 7, 14, and 21 days afterwards. The study was designed as a complete randomized block experiment with 4 replications. Weed management practices included pre-emergent herbicides and cultivation only treatments.
No significant yield differences in corn yields were detected (alpha=.05). Most of the plots had very little weed competition, including those with no herbicide treatment. Earlier planted cover crops were better established at time of corn harvest. Additional work is needed to examine this practice in conditions of greater weed competion.
629 PB 481 RESPONSE OF VEGETABLES, N SOURCES AND FALL COVER CROPS ON YIELDS, N ACCUMULATION AND SOIL INORGANIC N
Authors: Anderson Wilbur C. , Kuo Shiou 
Published: February 2019

Broccoli, potatoes, cucumbers and green peas were fertilized respectively with 241, 168, 168 and 28 kg N ha-1. The N accumulation was equivalent to the fertilizer application rates for the broccoli, potatoes and cucumbers while the peas accumulated 321 kg N ha-1. Vegetable yields were not affected by previous cereal rye cover crops when compared to the fallow control. Cover crops following broccoli accumulated the least and peas the most N. Inorganic N in the top 30 cm at harvest were significantly different between vegetables, but not in the 30-60 cm depth.
Chicken manure and ammonium nitrate as N sources were compared. Broccoli was the test crop and was fertilized with both sources at 241 kg N ha-1. Broccoli yields and N accumulation were different between sources of N and between N and no-N treatments. Inorganic N leaching was greatest with ammonium nitrate fertilization and chicken manure was similar to the no-N fertilizer treatment.
649 PB 419 UTILIZATION OF XYLEM FLUID DURING DEVELOPMENT BY THE LEAFHOPPER VECTOR, HOMALODISCA COAGULATA
Authors: Brodbeck Brent V. , Andersen Peter C. , Mizell Russell F. 
Published: February 2019

Homalodisca coagulata (Say) is a xylem feeding leafhopper that is the principal vector of many economically-important diseases resulting from infection by Xylella fastidiosa (i.e., plum leaf scald, phony peach disease, Pierce's disease). Xylem fluid consists primarily of dilute concentrations of amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions, and thus provides less nitrogen and carbon for herbivorous insects than any other plant tissue. Despite these nutritional constraints, H. coagulata is highly polyphagous. To assess how H. coagulata subsists on this dilute food source we examined host utilization by different instars on Lagerstroemia indica L. (preferred adult food source) and Euonymus japonica Thumb. (preferred ovipositional site).
Different instars survived and utilized nutrients at varying rates on the two hosts. Second instar nymphs survived at higher rates on E. japonica and utilized nitrogen more efficiently than on L. indica, yet assimilated nitrogen was less as a result of lower feeding rates. Adults on L. indica were more successful than those on E. japonica, used carbon more efficiently, and assimilated higher quantities of both carbon and nitrogen. Efficiencies of nutrient utilization were high for E. coagulata compared to other types of insects with assimilation efficiencies of specific compounds often exceeding 90%.
658 PB 066 EVALUATION OF PREPLANT AND FERTIGATED NITROGEN ON YIELD OF DRIP-IRRIGATED BELL PEPPERS
Authors: Tietien W.H. , Nitzsche P. , Cowgill W.P. 
Published: February 2019

Environmental concerns about nitrate contamination of groundwater have prompted renewed interest in optimizing fertilizer rates. A field study was initiated to study the influence of preplant and drip fertigation rates of nitrogen on the yield of hell peppers grown on Quakertown (QkB) silt loam soil. Preplant nitrogen rates of 0, 56.7, and 113.5 kgha were incorporated into the plots before transplanting. The three fertigation rates (0, 17 and 34 Kg/mulched hectare) were injected through the drip irrigation starting one week after transplanting and repeated at three week intervals.
Proplant nitrogen applications variably influenced early pepper yield. and did not significantly influence total yield. Early pepper yield was not influenced by drip fertigation rate, however, total yield increased as the fertigation rate increased. The dry weather conditions of the 1993 growing season may have influenced the responsc of pepper yield to the fertilizer treatments. Further studies are required to determine the optimum fertilization program for bell peppers grown under Northern New Jersey's edaphic conditions.
682 PB 198 NICOTIANA FIXATION FOR IMMUNO-LOCALIZATION OF IPTASE
Authors: Rogers Greg S. , Frett John 
Published: February 2019

A problem in immunocytochemistry is obtaining acceptable fixation of tissue while retaining antigenicity. Two concentrations (1% and 2.5%) of glutaraldehyde, with and without secondary fixation in 1% Osmium Tetroxide (OsO4) and varying fixation times were used.
Fixation in 1% glutanddehyde for 3 h was adequate to preserve the tissue. Some loss of fine structure was visible under an electron microscope. A solution of 2.5% glutaraldehyde was more effective in preserving fine structure. At 2 h fixation the tissue was well preserved and only slight loss of tine detail was observed. A longer fixation results in better ultrastructural preservation, but can cause loss of antigenicity.
OsO4 fixes lipids and acts as an electron dense stain. OsO4 has a negative effect on antigenicity. The use of OsO4 had little effect upon the preservation of ultrastructural detail and-did not improve staining; therefore, it was omitted in later fixations. Based on this experimental evidence, initial localization experiments will utilize tissue fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde for 3 h.