bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotication of cooked sausages employing agroindustrial coproducts as prebiotic co‐encapsulant in ionotropic alginate–pectin gels
Authors: Barragán‐Martínez Luis P. , Totosaus Alfonso , de Lourdes Pérez-Chabela María 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCooked sausages were formulated inoculating alginate–pectin microcapsules containing agroindustrial coproducts, cactus pear peel flour or apple marc flour, seeking to enhance the nutritional value of cooked meat products. The microcapsules increased total moisture (from 66 to 75% in average), but water was not being physically retained since higher expressible moisture values in inoculated samples were observed (20% as compared to 15% in control). Inoculated samples presented higher lactic acid bacteria populations, since in addition to the thermotolerant capacity of the bacteria, encapsulation added a protective barrier for the bacteria to survive. Higher lactic acid bacteria counts were reflected in fewer coliforms in inoculated samples (<0.001 log CFU after 15 days of storage), with no detrimental effect on texture. Natural antioxidants present in agroindustrial coproducts decreased the oxidative rancidity of lipids for storage. The results imply that agroindustrial coproducts are a good alternative to formulate symbiotic functional ingredients that can be employed to improve the nutritional properties of nondairy thermal processed food products, like cooked emulsified meat products.
Evaluation of antidiabetic medication adherence in the Lebanese population: development of the Lebanese Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale
Authors: Ayoub Dana , Mroueh Lara , El-Hajj Maya , Awada Sanaa , Rachidi Samar , Zein Salam , Al-Hajje Amal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate factors affecting adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment in the Lebanese population and to develop the Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale (DMAS) based on these factors.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of Lebanese diabetic patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The level of adherence was measured using the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale (LMAS-14). Bivariate analyses and multivariable analysis was done using SPSS. Psychometric evaluation of DMAS included an assessment of internal consistency, factor analysis, evaluation of sensitivity and specificity. Criterion-related validity was assessed by comparison with LMAS-14 measure of adherence.Key findingsA total of 500 patients were recruited. 39.2% were adherent to treatment. Long working hours, increased number of oral antidiabetic medication per day, drug discontinuation when travelling, longer duration of diabetes and treatment burden were among factors that decreased adherence. While understanding the treatment regimen, following up physician recommendations and following up the recommended diet contributed to good medication adherence. The final 7-item scale (DMAS) had a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.612) and a good correlation and agreement with LMAS-14 (Spearman’s rho = 0.699, Cohen’s kappa = 0.566). Patients with high DMAS scores were significantly more likely to have controlled glycaemia (P &lt; 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity reached 70.39% and 51.47%, respectively.ConclusionAdherence to oral antidiabetic treatment is suboptimal in Lebanon. The DMAS is a reliable instrument for assessing adherence and predicting poor glycaemic control in clinical practice, but requires further validation in other populations.
Evaluation of Tailored Falls Education on Older Adults' Behavior Following Hospitalization
Authors: Naseri Chiara , McPhail Steven M. , Haines Terrence P. , Morris Meg E. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Shorr Ronald , Flicker Leon , Bulsara Max , Netto Julie , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Francis‐Coad Jacqueline , Waldron Nicholas , Boudville Amanda , Hill Anne‐Marie 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUNDOlder adults recently discharged from the hospital are known to be at risk of functional decline and falls. This study evaluated the effect of a tailored education program provided in the hospital on older adult engagement in fall prevention strategies within 6 months after hospital discharge.METHODSA process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial that aimed to improve older adult fall prevention behaviors after hospital discharge. Participants (n = 390) were aged 60 years and older with good cognitive function (greater than 7 of 10 Abbreviated Mental Test Score), discharged home from three hospital rehabilitation wards in Perth, Australia. The primary outcomes were engagement in fall prevention strategies, including assistance with daily activities, home modifications, and exercise. Data were analyzed using generalized linear modeling.RESULTSThere were 76.4% (n = 292) of participants who completed the final interview (n = 149 intervention, n = 143 control). There were no significant differences between groups in engagement in fall prevention strategies, including receiving instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) assistance (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.3 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.7‐2.1]; P = .3), completion of home modifications (AOR = 1.2 [95% CI = 0.7‐1.9]; P = .4), and exercise (AOR = 1.3 [95% CI = 0.7‐2.2]; P = .3). There was a high proportion of unmet ADL needs within both groups, and levels of participant dependency remained higher at 6 months compared to baseline levels at admission. The proportion of all participants who engaged in exercise following hospital discharge increased by 30%; however, the mean duration of exercise reduced from 3 hours per week at baseline to 1 hour per week at 6‐month follow‐up (SD = 1.12 hours per week).CONCLUSIONTailored education did not increase older adult engagement in fall prevention strategies after hospital discharge compared to usual care. Further research is required to evaluate older adults’ capacity to change their behaviors once they return home from hospital, which may enable a safer recovery of their independence. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2274–2281, 2019
Shielding internet intermediaries from copyright liability—A comparative discourse on safe harbours in Singapore and India
Authors: Marsoof Althaf , Gupta Indranath 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWithout intermediaries that provide access to, host and link content, the internet will not be the vibrant place it is today. Yet with the rising number of online copyright infringements, right holders have increasingly shifted their focus to intermediaries in their efforts to curb infringements. This has led to internet intermediaries being increasingly exposed to copyright liability. In light of this, safe harbours that provide certain classes of intermediaries with conditional immunity play an important role in maintaining a healthy balance between the interests of right holders and third parties. In the copyright context, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998 (DMCA) enacted in the United States was the first instance where such a safe harbour was afforded to internet intermediaries. During the two decades of the DMCA's operation, it has been used as a blueprint to shape safe harbours in other jurisdictions. This article focusses on two such jurisdictions—namely, Singapore and India—and provides a comparative and in‐depth analysis of the safe harbour frameworks in the said jurisdictions, while mapping out how they compare with the DMCA. In the process, the article highlights a number of features in the DMCA that have been remodelled in Singapore and India.
Individualized breastfeeding support for acutely ill, malnourished infants under 6 months old
Authors: Mwangome Martha , Murunga Sheila , Kahindi Jane , Gwiyo Prinilla , Mwasho Grace , Talbert Alison , Kiige Laura , Samburu Betty , Mturi Neema , Abubakar Amina , Jones Caroline , Berkley James A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReestablishing exclusive breastfeeding is the cornerstone of the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for acute malnutrition in infants less than 6 months. However, no studies have investigated guideline implementation and subsequent outcomes in a public hospital setting in Africa. To facilitate implementation of the WHO 2013 guidelines in Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, we developed standard operating procedure, recruited, and trained three breastfeeding peer supporters (BFPS). Between September 2016 and January 2018, the BFPS provided individual breastfeeding support to mothers of infants aged 4 weeks to 4 months admitted to Kilifi County Hospital with an illness and acute malnutrition (mid‐upper‐arm circumference < 11.0 cm OR weight‐for‐age z score < −2 OR weight‐for‐length z score < ‐2). Infants were followed daily while in hospital then every 2 weeks for 6 weeks after discharge with data collected on breastfeeding, infant growth, morbidity, and mortality. Of 106 infants with acute malnutrition at admission, 51 met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most enrolled mothers had multiple breastfeeding challenges, which were predominantly technique based. Exclusive breastfeeding was 55% at admission and 81% at discharge; at discharge 67% of infants had attained a weight velocity of >5 g/kg/day for three consecutive days on breastmilk alone. Gains in weight‐for‐length z score and weight‐for‐age z score were generally not sustained beyond 2 weeks after discharge. BFPS operated effectively in an inpatient setting, applying the 2013 updated WHO guidelines and increasing rates of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge. However, lack of continued increase in anthropometric Z scores after discharge suggests the need for more sustained interventions.
Transcriptional remodelling upon light removal in a model cnidarian: Losses and gains in gene expression
Authors: Leach Whitney B. , Reitzel Adam M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganismal responses to light:dark cycles can result from two general processes: (a) direct response to light or (b) a free‐running rhythm (i.e., a circadian clock). Previous research in cnidarians has shown that candidate circadian clock genes have rhythmic expression in the presence of diel lighting, but these oscillations appear to be lost quickly after removal of the light cue. Here, we measure whole‐organism gene expression changes in 136 transcriptomes of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, entrained to a light:dark environment and immediately following light cue removal to distinguish two broadly defined responses in cnidarians: light entrainment and circadian regulation. Direct light exposure resulted in significant differences in expression for hundreds of genes, including more than 200 genes with rhythmic, 24‐hr periodicity. Removal of the lighting cue resulted in the loss of significant expression for 80% of these genes after 1 day, including most of the hypothesized cnidarian circadian genes. Further, 70% of these candidate genes were phase‐shifted. Most surprisingly, thousands of genes, some of which are involved in oxidative stress, DNA damage response and chromatin modification, had significant differences in expression in the 24 hr following light removal, suggesting that loss of the entraining cue may induce a cellular stress response. Together, our findings suggest that a majority of genes with significant differences in expression for anemones cultured under diel lighting are largely driven by the primary photoresponse rather than a circadian clock when measured at the whole animal level. These results provide context for the evolution of cnidarian circadian biology and help to disassociate two commonly confounded factors driving oscillating phenotypes.
Association of vascular endothelial growth factor and renal thrombotic microangiopathy‐like lesions in patients with Castleman's disease
Authors: Sun Ping‐Ping , Yu Xiao‐Juan , Wang Su‐Xia , Zhou Xu‐Jie , Qu Lei , Zhang Fan , Ma Yi‐Yi , Liu Gang , Yang Li 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimRenal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a common pathological manifestation of Castleman's disease (CD)‐associated renal lesions. Increased level of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown in single‐case reports. We aimed to investigate the dysregulation of VEGF in the pathogenesis of CD‐associated TMA‐like lesions (CD‐TMA) in a larger cohort.MethodsNineteen patients with clinico‐pathologically diagnosed CD with renal involvement were enrolled. Ten patients with pregnancy TMA or TMA of unknown reasons were enrolled as TMA control group. The plasma levels of VEGF, soluble Flt‐1 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. The expression of VEGF in the kidney biopsied tissue sections and the lymph node specimens were detected by immunostaining.ResultsThe plasma levels of VEGF and IL‐6 levels were the highest in CD‐TMA group compared to TMA control group and healthy controls. The levels of plasma VEGF was positively correlated with that of IL‐6, and increased expression of VEGF and IL‐6 was also observed in the lymph nodes from CD‐TMA patients. However, the expression of VEGF in the glomerular podocytes was significantly decreased in CD‐TMA group as well as in the TMA control.ConclusionOur findings suggest that renal VEGF expression might be important in the pathogenetic mechanism of CD‐associated TMA‐like lesions.
Desiccation time during drought is highly predictable across species of Eucalyptus from contrasting climates
Authors: Blackman Chris J. , Li Ximeng , Choat Brendan , Rymer Paul D. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Duursma Remko A. , Tissue David T. , Medlyn Belinda E. 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Catastrophic failure of the water transport pathway in trees is a principal mechanism of mortality during extreme drought. To be able to predict the probability of mortality at an individual and landscape scale we need knowledge of the time for plants to reach critical levels of hydraulic failure.

We grew plants of eight species of Eucalyptus originating from contrasting climates before allowing a subset to dehydrate. We tested whether a trait‐based model of time to plant desiccation tcrit, from stomatal closure gs90 to a critical level of hydraulic dysfunction Ψcrit is consistent with observed dry‐down times.

Plant desiccation time varied among species, ranging from 96.2 to 332 h at a vapour‐pressure deficit of 1 kPa, and was highly predictable using the tcrit model in conjunction with a leaf shedding function. Plant desiccation time was longest in species with high cavitation resistance, strong vulnerability segmentation, wide stomatal‐hydraulic safety, and a high ratio of total plant water content to leaf area.

Knowledge of tcrit in combination with water‐use traits that influence stomatal closure could significantly increase our ability to predict the timing of drought‐induced mortality at tree and forest scales.
Using Topic Modeling to Detect and Describe Self‐Injurious and Related Content on a Large‐Scale Digital Platform
Authors: Franz Peter J. , Nook Erik C. , Mair Patrick , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveSelf‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are a complex and enduring public health concern. Increasingly, teenagers use digital platforms to communicate about a range of mental health topics. These discussions may provide valuable information that can lead to insights about complex issues like SITBs. However, the field of clinical psychology currently lacks an easy‐to‐implement toolkit that can quickly gather information about SITBs from online sources. In the present study, we applied topic modeling, a natural language processing technique, to identify SITBs and related themes online, and we validated this approach using human coders.MethodWe separately used topic modeling software and human coders to identify themes present in text from a popular online Internet support forum for teenagers. We then determined the degree to which results from the software's topic model aligned with themes identified by human coders.ResultsWe found that topic modeling detected SITBs and related themes in online discussions in a way that accurately distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant human‐coded themes.ConclusionsThis approach has the potential to drastically increase our understanding of SITBs and related issues discussed on digital platforms, as well as our ability to identify those at risk for such outcomes.
Prognostic and predictive significance of KIT protein expression and c‐kit gene mutation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A consensus of the Oncology‐Pathology Working Group
Authors: Thamm Douglas H. , Avery Anne C. , Berlato Davide , Bulman‐Fleming Julie , Clifford Craig A. , Hershey A. Elizabeth , Intile Joanne L. , Jones Pamela D. , Kamstock Debra A. , Liptak Julius M. , Pavuk Alana , Peauroi John , Powell Roger , Rissetto Kerry , Valli Victor E. O. , Webster Joshua D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the primary objectives of the Oncology‐Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through critical review of peer‐reviewed literature relevant to a subgroup's particular focus. Subsequent acceptance and approval of the document by the OPWG membership at large establishes consensus. The intent of this publication is to help educate practitioners and pathologists on the value of diagnostics related to the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase for canine cutaneous mast cell tumours and to provide a guide for the use of these tests in veterinary medicine. This document represents the opinions of the OPWG and the authors and does not constitute a formal endorsement by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists or the Veterinary Cancer Society.
Carriage of carbapenemase‐ and extended‐spectrum cephalosporinase‐producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and livestock in rural Cambodia; gender and age differences and detection of blaOXA‐48 in humans
Authors: Atterby Clara , Osbjer Kristina , Tepper Viktoria , Rajala Elisabeth , Hernandez Jorge , Seng Sokerya , Holl Davun , Bonnedahl Jonas , Börjesson Stefan , Magnusson Ulf , Järhult Josef D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigates the frequency and characteristics of carbapenemase‐producing Escherichia coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPE/K) and extended‐spectrum cephalosporinase‐producing E. coli/K. pneumoniae (ESCE/K) in healthy humans and livestock in rural Cambodia. Additionally, household practices as risk factors for faecal carriage of ESCE/K are identified.MethodsFaecal samples were obtained from 307 humans and 285 livestock including large ruminants, pigs and poultry living in 100 households in rural Cambodia in 2011. Each household was interviewed, and multilevel logistic model determined associations between household practices/meat consumption and faecal carriage of ESCE/K. CPE and ESCE/K were detected and further screened for colistin resistance genes.ResultsCPE/K isolates harbouring blaOXA‐48 were identified in two humans. The community carriage of ESCE/K was 20% in humans and 23% in livestock. The same ESBL genes: blaCTX‐M‐15, blaCTX‐M‐14, blaCTX‐M‐27, blaCTX‐M‐55, blaSHV‐2, blaSHV‐12, blaSHV‐28; AmpC genes: blaCMY‐2, blaCMY‐42, blaDHA‐1; and colistin resistance genes: mcr‐1‐like and mcr‐3‐like were detected in humans and livestock. ESCE/K was frequently detected in women, young children, pigs and poultry, which are groups in close contact. The practice of burning or burying meat waste and not collecting animal manure indoors and outdoors daily were identified as risk factors for faecal carriage of ESCE/K.ConclusionsFaecal carriage of E. coli and K. pneumoniae harbouring extended‐spectrum cephalosporinase genes are common in the Cambodian community, especially in women and young children. Exposure to animal manure and slaughter products are risk factors for intestinal colonization of ESCE/K in humans.
Does respiratory drive modify the cerebral vascular response to changes in end‐tidal carbon dioxide?
Authors: Ogoh Shigehiko , Suzuki Kazuya , Washio Takuro , Tamiya Kazuki , Saito Shotaro , Bailey Tom G. , Shibata Shigeki , Ito Go , Miyamoto Tadayoshi 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
There is an interaction between the regulatory systems of respiration and cerebral blood flow, because the mediator (CO2) is the same for both physiological systems. We examined whether the traditional method for determining cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 is modified by changes in respiration.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Cerebrovascular reactivity was modified by voluntary changes in respiration during hypercapnia. This finding suggests that an alteration in the respiratory system may result in under‐ or overestimation of cerebrovascular reactivity determined by traditional methods in healthy adults.

AbstractThe cerebral vasculature is sensitive to changes in the arterial partial pressure of CO2. This physiological mechanism has been well established as a cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 (CVR). However, arterial CO2 may not be an independent variable in the traditional method for assessment of CVR, because the cerebral blood flow response is also affected by the activation of respiratory drive or higher centres in the brain. We hypothesized that CVR is modified by changes in respiration. To test our hypothesis, in the present study, 10 young, healthy subjects performed hyper‐ or hypoventilation to change end‐tidal CO2 () with different concentrations of CO2 in the inhaled gas (0, 2.0 and 3.5%). We measured middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to identify the cerebral blood flow response to change in during each set of conditions. In each set of conditions, was significantly altered by changes in ventilation, and middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity changed accordingly. However, the relationship between changes in middle cerebral artery mean blood flow velocity and as a response curve of CVR was reset upwards and downwards by hypo‐ and hyperventilation, respectively, compared with CVR during normal ventilation. The findings of the present study suggest the possibility that an alteration in respiration might lead to under‐ or overestimation of CVR determined by the traditional methods.