bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's “The Equal and
the Different”
Authors: Small Irene V. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's text, “The Equal and the Different,” was written circa 1975 at the request of the Brazilian artist Carlos Vergara, who had recently completed a series of photographs devoted the Rio de Janeiro-based carnival group, Cacique de Ramos. Viveiros de Castro, then an anthropology student at the Museu Nacional, locates in Cacique de Ramos a unique model of individual-group dynamics, one based neither on social hierarchy nor conformity, but mimesis and ecstatic deindividualization: a “passion of the same,” as he writes, that emerges from deep within Western society.
First record of Polycystididae (Platyhelminthes, Kalyptorhynchia) from Cuba, with the description of a new genus and five new species, and remarks and the description of one new species from Panama
Authors: DIEZ YANDER L. , HERNÁNDEZ CLAUDIA SANJUAN , REYGEL PATRICK , ROOSEN PAULIEN , ARTOIS TOM 
Published: November 2018

The first records of Polycystididae from Cuba are provided and discussed. In total nine species have been collected, five of which are new to science, one representing a new genus. Polycydora intermedia gen. n. sp. n. shows intermediate features between Polycystis Kölliker, 1845 and Paulodora Marcus, 1948. The ovaries are kidney shaped, with the oocytes arranged in a row, and lack the hard “nozzles” of Paulodora. A female bursa as in Polycystis is present. In P. intermedia gen. n. sp. n. lacks the strong muscle bulb at the male bursa and the accessory glands type I in the male atrium, which are present in Polycystis. The male atrial organs include a prostate stylet type II connected to a free prostate vesicle type II. The four new species (Phonorhynchoides minor sp. n., Phonorhynchopsis capillaris sp. n., Phonorhynchopsis sublinguatus sp. n., Myobulla armenterosi sp. n.) are distinguished from their congeners by the specific shape and length of the male hard copulatory structures. Phonorhynchoides minor sp. n. has the smallest stylets within the genus, and these stylets are more straight than those of the other species of the genus. In Phonorhynchopsis capillaris sp. n. the prostate stylet type IV is only 20% of the length of the accessory stylet type IV, the lowest relative length within the genus. The accessory stylet in this species is extremely thin; it is only 2 µm wide. Phonorhynchopsis sublinguatus sp. n. has a prostate stylet widened in the distal half, ending in a rounded tip, not twisted in the middle. Because of its strong resemblance to M. armenterosi sp. n., M. berti sp. n., a new species of Myobulla Artois & Schockaert, 2000 collected at the Atlantic coast of Panama is described here too. Both species of Myobulla have a prostate stylet type III that shows a 90° turn at some point, as is the case in some other species of Myobulla. In M. berti sp. n. the stylet is smaller overall and is bent in the middle; in M. armenterosi sp. n. the stylet is larger and it is bent more distally. All of the four known species have a very wide geographical distribution: Phonorhynchopsis haegheni, Alcha evelinae, Paraustrorhynchus elixus, and Gyratrix hermaphroditus.
Stochastically Perturbed Parameterizations in an HRRR-Based Ensemble
Authors: Jankov Isidora , Beck Jeffrey , Wolff Jamie , Harrold Michelle , Olson Joseph B. , Smirnova Tatiana , Alexander Curtis , Berner Judith 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A stochastically perturbed parameterization (SPP) approach that spatially and temporally perturbs parameters and variables in the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino planetary boundary layer scheme (PBL) and introduces initialization perturbations to soil moisture in the Rapid Update Cycle land surface model was developed within the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh convection-allowing ensemble. This work is a follow-up study to a work performed using the Rapid Refresh (RAP)-based ensemble. In the present study, the SPP approach was used to target the performance of precipitation and low-level variables (e.g., 2-m temperature and dewpoint, and 10-m wind). The stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme and the stochastic perturbation of physics tendencies scheme were combined with the SPP approach and applied to the PBL to target upper-level variable performance (e.g., improved skill and reliability). The three stochastic experiments (SPP applied to PBL only, SPP applied to PBL combined with SKEB and SPPT, and stochastically perturbed soil moisture initial conditions) were compared to a mixed-physics ensemble. The results showed a positive impact from initial condition soil moisture perturbations on precipitation forecasts; however, it resulted in an increase in 2-m dewpoint RMSE. The experiment with perturbed parameters within the PBL showed an improvement in low-level wind forecasts for some verification metrics. The experiment that combined the three stochastic approaches together exhibited improved RMSE and spread for upper-level variables. Our study demonstrated that, by using the SPP approach, forecasts of specific variables can be improved. Also, the results showed that using a single-physics suite ensemble with stochastic methods is potentially an attractive alternative to using multiphysics for convection allowing ensembles.
Emerging Technologies for the Diagnosis of Otitis Media
Authors: Marom Tal , Kraus Oded , Habashi Nadeem , Tamir Sharon Ovnat 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo review new experimental techniques for the diagnosis of otitis media (OM).Data SourcesLiterature search in English in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and Clinical Evidence (BMJ Publishing) between January 1, 2005, and April 30, 2018. Subsequently, articles were reviewed and included only if relevant.Review MethodsMeSH terms: [“diagnosis”] AND [all forms of OM] AND [“human”] AND [“ear”] and [“tympanic membrane”]. The retrieved innovative diagnostic techniques rely on and take advantage of the physical properties of the tympanomastoid cavity components: tympanic membrane (TM) thickness, its translucency and compliance; middle ear fluid characteristics; biofilm presence; increased tissue metabolic activity in OM states; and fluid presence in the mastoid cavity. These parameters are taken into account to establish OM diagnosis objectively. We review spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry, digital otoscopy, TM image analysis, multicolor reflectance imaging, anticonfocal middle ear assessment, optical coherence tomography, quantitative pneumatic otoscopy, transmastoid ultrasound, wideband measurements, TM thickness mapping, shortwave infrared imaging, and wideband acoustic transfer functions.ConclusionsNew experimental techniques are gradually introduced to overcome the limitations of standard otoscopy. The aforementioned techniques are still under investigation and are pending widespread clinical use. The implementation of these techniques in the market is dependent on their success in clinical trials, as well as on their future cost.Implication for PracticeNew techniques for the diagnosis of OM can objectively evaluate the morphology of the TM, determine the presence of middle ear fluid and evaluate its content, and thus potentially replace standard otoscopy.
Hospital Nurses in Comparison to Community Nurses: Motivation, Empathy, and the Mediating Role of Burnout
Authors: Dor Asnat , Mashiach Eizenberg Michal , Halperin Ofra 
Published: November 2018

Background Hospital nurses’ experience of their profession differs from that of community clinic nurses due to different working conditions and settings. Purpose To compare hospital nurses and community clinic nurses as to the mediating role of burnout on motivation and empathy. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 457 nurses completed four questionnaires: Demographic, Motivation Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. Results Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization among hospital nurses were significantly higher than among community nurses. No significant differences were found in personal accomplishment, empathy, and motivation between the groups. Empathy and motivation were more strongly correlated among hospital nurses than among community nurses. Burnout was found to be a significant mediator between empathy and motivation in both groups but in each group by different burnout subscales. Conclusions To reduce burnout, leaders in the nursing field must enhance conditions in the hospital nurses’ work environment to lower levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; community nurses should be guided to improve their attitudes toward their on-the-job performance to promote their personal accomplishment. Understanding the differences could direct policy makers’ desire toward enacting policies that accommodate these differences and focus on the needs of both groups of professionals.
Maternal Perceptions of Gastro-Intestinal Problems in the Feeding of Cowpeas (Vigna Unguiculata) to Young Children in Rural Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Hussain M. A. , Akinyele I. O. , Omololu A. 
Published: November 2018

A total of 880 questionnaires were completed and analysed to ascertain the perception of mothers as to the problems encountered by children consuming cowpeas. Over 90% of all mothers surveyed reported no problems attributable to the feeding of cowpeas. However, 9.9% (87) of the mothers reported that their children had problems after the consumption of cowpea foods. Of all the mothers, 101 introduced cowpea foods for the first time at an age below six months, 470 between six and twelve months, 278 between one and two years, and 31 above two years. Of the 87 mothers reporting discomfort in their children, about 74.7 % (65) mentioned diarrhoea, 3.4% vomiting, 5.7% offensive stool, 1.2% abdominal pain, 6.9% bad breath, abdominal distension, and gas, and 1.2% both vomiting and diarrhoea. Only 18.4% of mothers of the affected children indicated that one or more of their children had stopped eating cowpeas. Problems with the consumption of cowpeas were reported to disappear later in life
The Relationship between Energy Intake and Diarrhoeal Disease in Their Effects on Child Growth: Biological Model, Evidence, and Implications for Public Health Policy
Authors: Lutter Chessa K. , Habicht Jean-Pierre , Rivera Juan A. , Martorell Reynaldo 
Published: November 2018

The effects of both inadequate energy intake and diarrhoeal disease in the aetiology of childhood malnutrition are well established. Their relative importance is still debated, however, and the resultant uncertainty affects public health policies designed to improve child nutrition. This paper summarizes several earlier publications, and presents the results graphically to show that the same synergistic relationship holds across both urban and rural populations as well as across populations with differing levels of diarrhoea and malnutrition. The results show that the effect of inadequate energy intake on nutrition status depends on the level of diarrhoea, just as the negative effect of diarrhoea on nutrition status depends on the level of energy intake. The public health implications of these findings are threefold. First, an immediate strategy to improve child nutrition should focus on mechanisms to improve energy intake and dietary quality in general, and in and around the diarrhoeal episode in particular. Second, concurrently and as a long-term strategy, environmental conditions that put young children at risk for diarrhoea have to be improved. Finally, inasmuch as diarrhoea does not have a negative effect on growth among infants receiving the major part of their energy from breast milk, breast-feeding has a special and previously unrecognized role in the relationship between energy intake and diarrhoea as they affect nutrition status. Thus, efforts to promote increased energy intake and dietary quality among infants and young children should be coupled with efforts to promote breastfeeding exclusively through at least the first 4 months of life and partially through 24 months, when children are most at risk for diarrhoea.
Patterns and Predictors of Participation and Consumption of Supplement in An Intervention Study in Rural Guatemala
Authors: Schroeder Dirk G. , Kaplowitz Haley , Martorell Reynaldo 
Published: November 2018

Children's participation and supplement intake patterns in an eight-year, community-based intervention trial in Guatemala are presented. The supplements were either high-energy, high-protein atole or low-energy, no-protein fresco. Participation rates were between 65% and 85%, with few differences by village (N = 4) or child age (0–7 years). The percentage of days of attendance at the supplementation centre and the volume of supplement consumed, however, were significantly higher in villages that were given atole for children under flour years old. After the age of four, children who received fresco consumed more volume. Supplement energy was significantly greater for children receiving atole at all ages. Proximity to the supplementation centre and larger family size were significant predictors of attendance for both supplements. Low socio-economic status was highly associated with increased attendance for children consuming atole, but not fresco. Analyses using these data should consider the possible biases introduced by differential self-selection between supplement types, particularly those that were potentially confounded by attendance or socioeconomic status.
Public Health Nutrition: A Comparative Study of the Nutritional Status of Children in Villages in Northern Nigeria Using and Not Using Soya Beans
Authors: Owolabi A. O. , Mac-Inegite J. O. , Olowoniyan F. O. , Chindo H. O. 
Published: November 2018

The nutritional status of 240 children between the ages of 2 and 15 years in communities that use or do not use soya beans was evaluated by conventional methods. There were significant differences (p <.05) in the nutritional status of pre-school (2–5 yr) and school-age children (6–15 yr) in the three communities. Using weight-for-height as an index of acute malnutrition, 32.5%, 25.5%, and 22.6% of preschool children were normal in Kurmin Masara, Kaya, and Makera, respectively, as were 44.6%, 24.4%, and 21.7% of school-age children. Kurmin Masara, a community producing and using soya beans, had a significantly higher percentage (p < .05) of nutritionally normal and a lower percentage of severely malnourished children than the other two villages. Generally, malnutrition was more pronounced in school-age children in the three communities. Soya bean accounted for 34.4%, 28.5%, and 1.3% of the protein intake of children 2 to 15 years of age in Kurmin Masara, Kaya, and Makera, respectively. Our findings appear to validate the importance of soya bean in the diet of children, especially in this period of economic recession when animal protein sources are very expensive. Extension service efforts are necessary in Nigeria and other African countries to increase soya bean production and use to improve the nutritional status of the population, particularly young children.
Optical coherence tomography: Translation from 3D-printed vascular models of the anterior cerebral circulation to the first human images of implanted surface modified flow diverters
Authors: Martínez-Galdámez Mario , Escartín Jorge , Pabón Boris , Diaz Carlos , Martín-Reyes Roberto , Hermosín Antonio , Crespo Eduardo , Rodríguez Claudio , Monedero Gonzalo , Joshi Krishna , Lopes Demetrius K 
Published: November 2018

Background The new generation of flow diverters includes a surface modification with a synthetic biocompatible polymer, which makes the device more biocompatible and less thrombogenic. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to visualize perforators, stent wall apposition, and intra-stent thrombus. Unfortunately real world application of this technology has been limited because of the limited navigability of these devices in the intracranial vessels. In this report, we share our experience of using 3D-printed neurovascular anatomy models to simulate and test the navigability of a commercially available OCT system and to show the application of this device in a patient treated with the new generation of surface modified flow diverters. Material and methods Navigability of OCT catheters was tested in vitro using four different 3D-printed silicone replicas of the intracranial anterior circulation, after the implantation of surface modified devices. Intermediate catheters were used in different tortuous anatomies and positions. After this assessment, we describe the OCT image analysis of a Pipeline Shield for treating an unruptured posterior communicating artery (PCOM) aneurysm. Results Use of intermediate catheters in the 3D-printed replicas was associated with better navigation of the OCT catheters in favorable anatomies but did not help as much in unfavorable anatomies. OCT image analysis of a PCOM aneurysm treated with Pipeline Embolization Device Shield demonstrated areas of unsatisfactory apposition with no thrombus formation. Conclusions OCT improves the understanding of the flow diversion technology. The development of less thrombogenic devices, like the Pipeline Flex with Shield Technology, reinforces the need for intraluminal imaging for neurovascular application.
Conservative management of type 1A endoleaks at completion angiogram in endovascular repair of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms with current generation stent grafts
Authors: Qazi Abdul Aziz , Jaberi Arash , Mironov Oleg , Addas Jamil , Qazi Emmad , Tarulli Emidio , Simons Martin , Tan Kong Teng 
Published: November 2018

Purpose Proximal type 1A endoleaks on completion intra-operative angiography are not infrequently seen following endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair (EVAR). The natural course of these leaks is not well established. We sought to determine the rate of spontaneous resolution and a conservative treatment approach to these endoleaks. Methods All cases involving endovascular repairs of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms resulting in proximal type 1A endoleak on final intra-operative completion angiography were retrospectively reviewed from 1 April 2010 and 30 March 2015. Demographic, pre and post-procedural imaging, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Summarizing descriptive statistics are reported. Results Of the 337 patients who underwent an EVAR, 24 patients (7.1%) had a proximal type 1A endoleak on final intra-operative angiography. Twenty-two of 24 patients (92%) with proximal type 1A endoleaks had spontaneous resolution on follow-up imaging without any intervention, while two (8%) patients had a persistent endoleak. One of these patients required intervention. The median follow-up for patients with resolved endoleaks was 2.5 years vs. 4 and 6 years, respectively, for patients that did not resolve spontaneously. Conclusion A conservative approach may be used in the management of patients with proximal type 1A endoleaks on completion angiography once maximum proximal seal was achieved intra-operatively as the vast majority of these leaks spontaneously seal.
Association between physical activity, occupational sitting time and mortality in a general population: An 18-year prospective survey in Tanushimaru, Japan
Authors: Sakaue Akiko , Adachi Hisashi , Enomoto Mika , Fukami Ako , Kumagai Eita , Nakamura Sachiko , Nohara Yume , Kono Shoko , Nakao Erika , Morikawa Nagisa , Tsuru Tomoko , Hamamura Hitoshi , Yoshida Noriko , Fukumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2018

AimsIt is well known that a decline in physical activity is associated with an increase of all-cause death including cardiovascular events and cancer. Few studies have examined the association between occupational sitting time and mortality. Therefore, we investigated this issue in a general population.MethodsPhysical activity and occupational sitting time were measured using the Baecke physical activity questionnaire in 1999. The questionnaire generated indices in three physical activity categories: work, sport and leisure-time. A total physical activity index was calculated by adding these three indices. The Baecke physical activity questionnaire was able to evaluate occupational sitting time. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox's proportional hazard regression models.ResultsWe enrolled a total of 1680 participants, who were followed up for 15.9 ± 3.8 years. The final follow-up rate was 93%. During the follow-up period, 397 subjects died. A significant inverse association ( p < 0.0001) was found between physical activity and mortality after adjustment for age and sex. Compared with lower levels of physical activity, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality at higher levels of physical activity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78–0.92). Longer occupational sitting time was also significantly associated with higher mortality ( p < 0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio for mortality at longer occupational sitting time was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05–1.27). These findings were observed in males, but not in females.ConclusionsOur data demonstrated that higher levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular death. Further, longer occupational sitting time is associated with increased mortality.
The association of celiac disease and allergic disease in a general adult population
Authors: Kårhus Line Lund , Skaaby Tea , Madsen Anja Lykke , Thuesen Betina Heinsbæk , Schwarz Peter , Rumessen Jüri J , Linneberg Allan 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe relationship between allergy and celiac disease (CD) is not clear.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to investigate the association of CD and CD antibody positivity with hay fever, asthma and immunoglobulin (Ig)E sensitization in a general adult population.MethodsA total of 2297 individuals were screened for CD antibodies and underwent allergy testing. CD antibody‐positive participants were invited to undergo clinical evaluation including biopsies. Additionally, biobank blood samples from four population‐based studies (6423, 973, 1718 and 1101 participants) with data on IgE sensitization to inhalant allergens were screened for CD antibodies. CD antibody‐positive participants were screened for serum IgE against food allergens in three biobank studies. CD‐antibody positivity was defined as IgA or IgG tissue transglutaminase ≥7 U/ml and/or IgG deamidated gliadin peptide ≥10 U/ml.ResultsThe nine participants (0.4%) diagnosed with CD had significantly higher prevalence of IgE sensitization to wheat and dust mites. The prevalence of CD antibody positivity was 0.8% (18/2297), and these participants had a significantly higher prevalence of IgE sensitization to food allergens (Fx5), egg, dust mites and mugwort. In the biobank studies, the prevalence of CD antibody positivity was 0.8% to 1.2%. One study showed a positive association between CD antibody positivity and IgE sensitization for dog, horse and food allergens.ConclusionWe found a possible association of CD and IgE sensitization to some food and inhalant allergens in the Health2006 study. In further studies, however, we could not consistently replicate these associations.