bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-standing Small-scale Reconnection Processes at Saturn Revealed by Cassini
Authors: Guo R. L. , Yao Z. H. , Sergis N. , Wei Y. , Xu X. J. , Coates A. J. , Delamere P. A. , Roussos E. , Arridge C. S. , Waite J. H. , Krupp N. , Mitchell D. , Burch J. , Dougherty M. K. , Wan W. X. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The internal mass source from the icy moon Enceladus in Saturn’s rapidly rotating magnetosphere drives electromagnetic dynamics in multiple spatial and temporal scales. The distribution and circulation of the internal plasma and associated energy are thus crucial in understanding Saturn’s magnetospheric environment. Magnetic reconnection is one of the key processes in driving plasma and energy transport in the magnetosphere, and also a fundamental plasma process in energizing charged particles. Recent works suggested that reconnection driven by Saturn’s rapid rotation might appear as a chain of microscale structures, named drizzle-like reconnection. The drizzle-like reconnection could exist not only in the nightside magnetodisk, but also in the dayside magnetodisk. Here, using in situ measurements from the Cassini spacecraft, we report multiple reconnection sites that were successively detected during a time interval longer than one rotation period. The time separation between two adjacently detected reconnection sites can be much less than one rotation period, implying that the reconnection processes are likely small-scale, or frequently repetitive. The spatial distribution of the identified long-standing multiple small reconnection site sequences shows no significant preference on local times. We propose that the small reconnection sites discussed in this Letter are rotationally driven and rotate with the magnetosphere. Since the reconnection process on Saturn can be long-durational, the rotational regime can cause these small-scale reconnection sites to spread to all local times, resulting in global release of energy and mass from the magnetosphere.
Personalização e padronização em serviços profissionais: um estudo de caso em uma empresa de consultoria de gestão
Authors: Vieira Daniela Fraga , Gontijo Julia Miraglia , Torres Júnior Noel 
Published: October 2019

As empresas de consultoria de gestão são caracterizadas como intensivas em conhecimento, com alto nível de interação com os clientes, alto grau de discrição dos funcionários, alta complexidade das atividades desenvolvidas e alto grau de personalização. Portanto, são caracterizadas como prestadoras de serviços personalizados ou pouco padronizados. A despeito desta caracterização, algumas empresas deste setor expandiram de maneira intensa por meio da criação de um portfólio delimitado de produtos ou soluções. Esta forma de atuação coloca em questão a forma como estas empresas são classificadas. Portanto, o presente artigo busca compreender o clássico trade-offentre a personalização e a padronização de serviços para empresas deste tipo. Para tanto, utilizando-se do estudo de múltiplos casos, três casos de aplicação de uma mesma solução foram analisados em relação à dezessete parâmetros selecionados. Verificou-se que o serviço é desenvolvido para atender às necessidades e especificações de cada um de seus clientes de modo personalizado, entretanto o modo de implementação da solução é padronizado. Constatou-se que a personalização de serviços pode ser vista como um resultado da combinação de produtos e processos, sendo alguns deles padronizados e outros personalizados.
Airline E-commerce user experience experiment: An investigation of Thai LCCs passengers' purchasing behaviour among different online platforms
Authors: Pasupa Sarakard , Cheramakara Narudh 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This study examines the current state of the airline’s e-commerce platforms and seek to identify their benefits and disadvantages in the aspect of user experience. Design/methodology/approach: The study commenced by first reviewing the literatures on actual sale figure from the studied Thai LCC, user interface (UI) and user experience (UX). It then proceeded to gather the empirical evidences using questionnaires from 135 active air passengers who have online purchasing experience. The composite findings from literature review and surveys were then used to design and apply for the final phase which is a series of in-depth interviews of air passengers on their usability test sessions and experts from the related industries. Coding and clustering was utilised to analyse the qualitative data obtained. Findings: The study examines the differences in online ticket purchasing platforms including airline's website, mobile-site and mobile application. The results identified five areas of factors: physical, trust, willingness to learn, context of use and adjustment. With regard to these factors, there are no single platform that outperform others. Airlines need to ensure that UX/UI of all platforms meet the users’ requirements in all circumstances. Originality/value: The study reveals the customer thinking processes on online purchasing behaviour. It focuses on web-usability and user experience of different booking platforms. The findings allow the subjected LCC to improve customer experience and optimise its platforms. The paper could also benefit other entrepreneurs who are in the related industry or similar contexts. In addition, the study of user-experience in the context of airline industry, particularly in the emerging countries like Thailand is limited.
A study on the dynamic refund fee model of air tickets based on win-to-win mechanism
Authors: Zhao Guihong , Deng Junyi 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To achieve the balancing of interests between airlines and passengers, the dynamic refund fee model is designed, which meets the interests of both airlines and passengers.Design/methodology/approach: In the study, the expectation utility function is constructed respectively for passengers and airlines, and the equilibrium point of the two is chosen to solve the passenger refund fee. Then, a dynamic refund fee model based on refund time and real-time sales revenue is proposed according to the actual operating conditions of the flight.Findings:The results show that refund fee is negatively related to three variables, the ticket price, the probability of ticket sales and the probability of refund. Besides, The maximum payment limit is the airline single seat cost or the actual fare paid below it, and the lowest can be exempt.Originality/value: A better standard of the rufund is proposed. The refund mode breaks the traditional static charging mode, and charges different refund fees to passengers for different refund time and the real time income of flights. Comparing with the current refund policy, the new charge of refund fee could best meets the interests of both parties.a refund fee standard.
Intraocular Dissemination of Uveal Melanoma Cells Following Radiotherapy: Evolving Management Over the Past Decade
Authors: Paez-Escamilla Manuel , Walter Scott D. , Mohsenin Amir , Decatur Christina L. , Harocopos George J. , Dubovy Sander , Harbour J. William 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe the presentation and the authors' evolving management strategy for intraocular dissemination of uveal melanoma cells following radiotherapy during the past decade.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients with uveal melanoma who developed intraocular dissemination of pigmented cells following radiotherapy. Histopathology was available in two cases.

RESULTS:
Four patients underwent treatment for progressive intraocular dissemination of uveal melanoma cells at 9 to 41 months following I-125 plaque radiotherapy (three patients) or proton beam radiotherapy (one patient). Treatments included primary enucleation (one patient), vitrectomy followed later by enucleation (one patient), and vitrectomy followed by intravitreal chemotherapy (two patients). Enucleated eyes demonstrated diffuse invasion of intraocular tissues by viable melanoma cells. No patient has developed systemic metastasis to date.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intraocular dissemination of pigmented cells following radiotherapy for uveal melanoma should raise suspicion for viable invasive melanoma cells. Prompt vitrectomy with intravitreal chemotherapy can be effective in avoiding enucleation in selected cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:573–579.]
Comparison of Digital Widefield Retinal Imaging With Indirect Ophthalmoscopy in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ramkumar Hema L. , Koduri Megha , Conger Jordan , Robbins Shira L. , Granet David , Freeman William R. , Saunders Luke , Ferreyra Henry , Weinreb Robert N. , Nudleman Eric 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Approximately 16,000 children in the United States lose vision each year because of retinal disease. The authors compare digital ultra-widefield (UWF) photography to indirect ophthalmoscopy in children.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Prospective, single-center study of patients ages 3 to 17 years. Retinal area during indirect ophthalmoscopy was compared with retinal area in digital UWF fundus photographs. Image quality was graded. A survey to assess the usefulness of the retinal image was obtained.

RESULTS:

The retinal area (mean ± standard deviation, mm
2
) evaluated with indirect ophthalmoscopy was 413 ± 194 mm
2
, compared with 652 ± 117 mm
2
with widefield photography (P < .001). The difference was largest in children younger than 14. Image quality was significantly associated with patient cooperation.

CONCLUSIONS:
High-quality UWF photographs evaluate more peripheral retina than the in-office dilated funduscopic exam in children under 14. Photography assisted with family counseling in 17% of patients and the avoidance of examination under anesthesia in 2% of patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:580–585.]
Retinal Sensitivity Using Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration in an Amish Population
Authors: Nittala Muneeswar G. , Velaga Swetha Bindu , Hariri Amir , Pfau Maximilian , Birch David G. , Haines Jonathan , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Stambolian Dwight , Sadda SriniVas R. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate retinal sensitivity (RS) by mesopic and scotopic microperimetry (MP-1S) in an elderly Amish population with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Mesopic and scotopic microperimetric testing was performed in 148 eyes of 77 elderly Amish subjects (age > 50 years) from Pennsylvania using a retinal function analyzer. Scotopic testing was performed using a 2.0 log unit neutral density filter following 30 minutes of dark adaptation. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, infrared reflectance imaging, and flash color fundus photography. Certified graders at Doheny Image Reading Center identified subjects with evidence of AMD as defined by the Beckman classification and quantified drusen volume. RS in subjects with and without AMD was compared. Correlations between RS and drusen burden were analyzed. Ten eyes with incomplete MP-1S exams were excluded from the final analysis.

RESULTS:
Among the 138 eyes from 77 subjects included in the final analysis, 42 eyes from 29 subjects had evidence of early or intermediate AMD. The mean age of subjects with AMD was 69.65 years ± 13.81 years versus 63.04 years ± 12.69 years in those without AMD (P = .06). Mesopic RS was 18.8 dB ± 2.1 dB in subjects with AMD and 19.6 dB ± 1.4 dB in those without AMD (P = .07). Scotopic RS was significantly lower (P = .04) in subjects with AMD (15.9 dB ± 2.9 dB) compared with those without AMD (17.3 dB ± 2.4 dB). There was no relationship between mesopic RS and either drusen area (r = −0.06; P = .32) or drusen volume (r = −0.08; P = .30). There was a trend for an association between scotopic RS and both drusen area (r = −0.39; P = .24) and drusen volume (r = −0.36; P = .30).

CONCLUSIONS:
In an elderly Amish population, eyes with early or intermediate AMD show a greater reduction in scotopic RS than mesopic RS, suggesting that rod function is more severely affected than cone function. Drusen area and volume measurements better correlated with scotopic RS.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e236–e241.]
Reliability and Reproducibility of Pigment Epithelial Detachment Volume Measurements in AMD Using a New Tool: ReVAnalyzer
Authors: Ohayon Avi , Semoun Oudy , Caillaux Violaine , Jung Camille , Lay Bruno , Miere Alexandra , Souied Eric H. , Blanco-Garavito Rocio 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe and present the reliability and reproducibility of a new software, Retinal Volume Analyzer (ReVAnalyzer), for pigment epithelium detachment (PED) volume quantification.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This is a retrospective study including patients with PEDs secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Macular volume scans on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography on enhanced depth imaging mode were performed in all eyes. Image batches were then exported in .xml format to the ReVAnalyzer software. A semiautomated PED volume measurement was performed by three independent readers (RBG, VC, OS) twice, at the beginning and end of a 15-day period. Bland-Altman assessment for agreement was used to compare intra- and interobserver observations.

RESULTS:
Twenty eyes of 20 patients presenting with PED were analyzed. Bland-Altman analysis indicated a good agreement between inter- and intraobserver measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver PED volume measurements and between the three observers (interobserver) was greater than 0.99, demonstrating high reproducibility and consistency of the methodology.

CONCLUSIONS:
ReVAnalyzer is a reliable tool that can assist in the analysis of PED volume with high reproducibility. This type of specific retinal volume analysis can be of help for monitoring disease activity and therapeutic response in AMD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e242–e249.]
Quarterly Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Dosing for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Real-World Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Rusakevich Alexander M. , Zhou Brenda , Wong Tien P. , Wykoff Charles C. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Characterize eyes managed with quarterly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Treatment-naïve nAMD eyes managed predominately using a treat-and-extend approach that received five or more consecutive quarterly injections from 2005 to 2017.

RESULTS:
One hundred fifty eyes were retrospectively identified. During quarterly dosing, a mean of 9.8 injections were given over a mean of 29 months. Ninety-one eyes (61%) had no exudative disease recurrence during quarterly dosing. Thirty-three eyes (22%) experienced exudative activity recurrence, with a mean cumulative yearly recurrence rate of 12% and a mean 6-letter loss of visual acuity (VA). Twenty-four eyes (16%) stopped quarterly treatments; nine (38%) of these subsequently experienced exudative activity recurrence with a mean 8-letter VA loss.

CONCLUSION:
In this real-world analysis of nAMD managed with quarterly dosing over a mean of more than 2 years' follow-up, 22% experienced disease recurrence during quarterly dosing, and 38% of eyes that stopped quarterly dosing experienced subsequent exudative disease recurrence.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2019;50:e250–e256.]
La place Fontainas comme espace frontière. La production de la ville au regard de la sexualité, du genre, de l’ethnicité et de la classe sociale
Authors: Donnen Alexandre 
Published: October 2019

Située entre le quartier « gay » et le quartier « populaire » Anneessens, la place Fontainas a été le lieu de plusieurs actes de violence prétendument homophobes, contribuant à la catégoriser comme un espace d’insécurité, particulièrement pour les populations homosexuelles. En réponse à ce type de violences, les mesures adoptées par les instances publiques se multiplient mais peinent néanmoins à sortir d’une logique sécuritaire, souvent binaire et essentialisante. À partir d’un travail d’observation directe et d’entretiens sur et autour de la place Fontainas, le présent article entend adopter une nouvelle approche. Il appréhende cet espace à partir de la notion de frontière et, à travers une analyse intersectionnelle, rend compte des mécanismes socio-urbains qui participent à établir des ruptures en termes de sexualité, de classe sociale et d’ethnicité. Par contre, dans chacune des zones étudiées, la continuité de la domination masculine invisibilise et contraint l’accès des femmes à l’espace public.
Determining Appropriate Preservation Conditions for Historical Mixed-Media Objects: a Risk-Based Approach
Authors: Anaf Willemien , Debulpaep Marjolijn 
Published: October 2019

Les objets composites historiques sont constitués d’une large série de matériaux organiques et/ou inorganiques. Ils sont souvent fragiles en raison de la nature des matériaux utilisés et de leur état de dégradation avancé. Leurs conditions de conservation doivent faire l’objet d’un choix réfléchi afin de ralentir leur dégradation. Chaque matériau ayant ses exigences spécifiques, il est difficile de donner des recommandations de conservation préventive. Pour appuyer la décision, une approche basée sur la gestion des risques est développée. La méthodologie proposée (1) offre une base objective pour dégager des compromis concernant les conditions de préservation et (2) permet la comparaison de différents scénarios afin de sélectionner le plus approprié. Dans un premier temps, la méthodologie est expliquée de manière théorique. Une étude de cas sur un jardin clos médiéval permet ensuite d’illustrer ces deux aspects.
STAT3 Inhibition Partly Abolishes IL-33–Induced Bone Marrow–Derived Monocyte Phenotypic Transition into Fibroblast Precursor and Alleviates Experimental Renal Interstitial Fibrosis
Authors: Zhu Fengge , Bai Xueyuan , Hong Quan , Cui Shaoyuan , Wang Xu , Xiao Fengjun , Li Jin , Zhang Li , Dong Zheyi , Wang Yong , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Previous studies of Jak–STAT inhibitors have shown promise in treating kidney diseases. The activation of Jak–STAT components is important in cell fate determination in many cell types, including bone marrow–derived cells, which are important contributors in renal interstitial fibrosis. In this study, we tested the effect of a new STAT3 inhibitor, BP-1-102, on monocyte-to-fibrocyte transition and the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. We tested the effect of BP-1-102 in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction in vivo and IL-33-treated bone marrow–derived monocytes in vitro. BP-1-102 treatment alleviated renal interstitial fibrosis, reduced collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, suppressed the percentage of CD45+ PDGFRβ+, CD45+ CD34− Col I+ and CD45+ CD11b+ Col I+ cells within the obstructed kidney and reduced the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and CXCL16. In vitro, BP-1-102 inhibited the IL-33–induced phenotypic transition into fibroblast precursors in bone marrow–derived monocytes, marked by reduced CD45+ CD34− Col I+ and CD45+ CD11b+ Col I+ cell percentage. Our results indicate a potential mechanism by which the STAT3 inhibitor BP-1-102 inhibits bone marrow–derived monocyte transition into fibroblast precursors in an IL-33/STAT3–dependent manner and thereby alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis.
Relative impact of aerosol, soil moisture, and orography perturbations on deep convection
Authors: Schneider Linda , Barthlott Christian , Hoose Corinna , Barrett Andrew I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The predictability of deep moist convection depends on many factors, such as the synoptic-scale flow, the geographical region (i.e., the presence of mountains), and land surface–atmosphere
as well as aerosol–cloud interactions. This study addresses all these factors by investigating the relative impact of orography, soil moisture, and aerosols on
precipitation over Germany in different weather regimes. To this end, we conduct numerical sensitivity studies with the COnsortium for Small-sale MOdelling (COSMO) model
at high spatial resolution (500 m grid spacing) for 6 days with weak and strong synoptic forcing. The numerical experiments consist of (i) successive smoothing of topographical features,
(ii) systematic changes in the initial soil moisture fields (spatially homogeneous increase/decrease, horizontal uniform soil moisture, different realizations of dry/wet patches),
and (iii) different assumptions about the ambient aerosol concentration (spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous fields).
Our results show that the impact of these perturbations on precipitation is on average higher for weak than for strong synoptic forcing.
Soil moisture and aerosols are each responsible for the maximum precipitation response for three of the cases, while the sensitivity to terrain forcing
always shows the smallest spread. For the majority of the analyzed cases, the model produces a positive soil moisture–precipitation feedback when averaged over the entire model domain.
Furthermore, the amount of soil moisture affects precipitation more strongly than its spatial distribution. The precipitation response to changes in the CCN concentration is more complex and case dependent.
The smoothing of terrain shows weaker impacts on days with strong synoptic forcing because surface fluxes are less important and orographic ascent is still simulated reasonably well, despite missing
fine-scale orographic features. We apply an object-based characterization to identify whether and how the perturbations affect the structure, location, timing, and intensity of precipitation.
These diagnostics reveal that the structure component, comparing the size and shape of precipitating objects to the reference simulation, is on average highest in the soil moisture and aerosol
simulations, often due to changes in the maximum precipitation amounts. This indicates that the dominant mechanisms for convection initiation remain but that precipitation amounts
depend on the strength of the trigger mechanisms. Location and amplitude parameters both vary over a much smaller range. Still, the temporal evolution of the amplitude component correlates
well with the rain rate. Our results suggest that for quantitative precipitation forecasting, both aerosols and soil moisture are of similar importance
and that their inclusion in convective-scale ensemble forecasting containing classical sources of uncertainty should be assessed in the future.