bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting Whole Number Arithmetic Foundations to Other Parts of Mathematics: Structure and Structuring Activity
Authors: Venkat Hamsa , Beckmann Sybilla , Larsson Kerstin , Xin Yan Ping , Ramploud Alessandro , Chen Limin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, we attend to presentation/discussion of structure and structuring activities as two key routes through which whole number arithmetic can be connected to other mathematical content areas and to central mathematical processes and products like defining/definitions and generalizing/generalization. In the body of the chapter, we use literature to distinguish between approaches focused more on the presentation of structure and those oriented towards structuring activities, before presenting an overview and discussion of studies geared more towards one or other of these approaches. We incorporate studies that have been directed towards both students’ mathematical learning and mathematical (and pedagogical) teacher learning and conclude with commentary on biases towards structure-based or structuring activity-based approaches across these contexts. Our argument is that both approaches show promise for building towards stronger connections between whole number arithmetic and other mathematical areas, with a number of examples in each category included. Given the evidence of difficulties for so many children in many parts of the world in moving beyond the terrain of whole number, our findings suggest that attention to structure and structuring can provide important routes for bridging this chasm.
Reflecting on the What and Why of Whole Number Arithmetic: A Commentary on Chapter 5
Authors: Howe Roger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter discusses some matters raised by Chap. 5, both the general ideas and some specific sections. A main theme is the non-trivial nature, both of the historical development and the teaching, of the base-ten place value system. A second main theme is that the power of the system stems from its consistency with algebraic structure. A sequence of five stages of understanding of the base-ten system is reviewed, with emphasis on the importance of understanding that base-ten notation expresses each number as a sum of pieces of a special type. The value of being able to work with the pieces, for understanding the computational algorithms, and especially for discussing approximation, is reviewed. To facilitate focus on the pieces and their role, a standard name for them is called for. Also advocated is greater emphasis on understanding large numbers.
Whole Number Thinking, Learning and Development: Neuro-cognitive, Cognitive and Developmental Approaches
Authors: Mulligan Joanne , Verschaffel Lieven , Baccaglini-Frank Anna , Coles Alf , Gould Peter , He Shengqing , Ma Yunpeng , Milinković Jasmina , Obersteiner Andreas , Roberts Nicole , Sinclair Nathalie , Wang Yanling , Xie Shu , Yang Der-Ching 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the neuro-cognitive, cognitive and developmental analyses of whole number arithmetic (WNA) learning. It comprises five sections. The first section provides an overview of the working group discussion. Section 7.2 reviews neuro-cognitive perspectives of learning WNA but looks beyond these to explain the transcoding of numerals to number words. In the third section, children’s early mathematics-related competencies in reasoning about quantitative relations, patterns and structures are explored from new theoretical perspectives. Studies presented and discussed in working group 2 are presented in the following section as exemplars of intervention studies. The final section examines methodologies utilized in neuro-cognitive, cognitive and developmental analyses of children’s whole number learning. It discusses study designs and their potentialities and limitations for understanding how children develop competencies with whole numbers as well as task designs in cognitive neuroscience research pertinent to number learning. The chapter concludes with implications for further research and teaching practice.
Aspects that Affect Whole Number Learning: Cultural Artefacts and Mathematical Tasks
Authors: Bartolini Bussi Maria G. , Inprasitha Maitree , Arzarello Ferdinando , Bass Hyman , Kortenkamp Ulrich , Ladel Silke , Lajoie Caroline , Ni Yujing , Rottmann Thomas , Sarungi Veronica , Soury-Lavergne Sophie , Young-Loveridge Jenny 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe core of this chapter is the notion of artefact, starting from the discussion of the meaning of the word in the literature and offering a gallery of cultural artefacts from the participants’ reports and the literature. The idea of artefacts is considered in a broad sense, to include also language and texts. The use of cultural artefacts as teaching aids is addressed. A special section is devoted to the artefacts (teaching aids) from technologies (including virtual manipulatives). The issue of tasks is simply skimmed, but it is not possible to discuss about artefacts without considering the way of using artefacts with suitable tasks. Some examples of tasks are reported to elaborate about aspects that may foster learning whole number arithmetic (WNA). Artefacts and tasks appear as an inseparable pair, to be considered within a cultural and institutional context. Some future challenges are outlined concerning the issue of teacher education, in order to cope with this complex map.
SITUATING FEMINIST EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Ashton Natalie Alana , McKenna Robin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTFeminist epistemologies hold that differences in the social locations of inquirers make for epistemic differences, for instance, in the sorts of things that inquirers are justified in believing. In this paper we situate this core idea in feminist epistemologies with respect to debates about social constructivism. We address three questions. First, are feminist epistemologies committed to a form of social constructivism about knowledge? Second, to what extent are they incompatible with traditional epistemological thinking? Third, do the answers to these questions raise serious problems for feminist epistemologies? We argue that some versions of two of the main strands in feminist epistemology – feminist standpoint theory and feminist empiricism – are committed to a form of social constructivism, which requires certain departures from traditional epistemological thinking. But we argue that these departures are less problematic than one might think. Thus, (some) feminist epistemologies provide a plausible way of understanding how (some) knowledge might be socially constructed.
On The Uniqueness of Solutions for Kawahara Type Equations
Authors: de Farias Marcos A. , Kondo Cezar I. , dos Santos Filho José Ruidival 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper we extend to Kawahara type equations a uniqueness result obtained by C. E. Kenig, G. Ponce, and L. Vega for KdV type equations. We prove that, under certain decay's conditions, the null solution is the unique solution.
Replacement of saturated andtrans-fatty acids in the dietv.CVD risk in the light of the most recent studies
Authors: Makarewicz-Wujec Magdalena , Dworakowska Anna , Kozłowska-Wojciechowska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo present and discuss results of the most recent studies pertaining to the effects of consumption of different types of fatty acids on the risk of CVD. The aim was also an attempt to answer the question of whether a revision of the current recommendations is necessary.DesignA review of prospective cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2014–2017 on the effects of SFA andtrans-fatty acid (TFA) intakes as well as various models of their replacement in the diet on CVD risk.ResultsResults of the new large prospective cohort studies pertaining to the effect of SFA consumption on CVD risk are contradictory. Similarly, the recent meta-analyses of clinical trials related to the effects of SFA substitution on CVD risk provided extremely different results, which is related to the application of different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Differences in results of randomised controlled trials may be caused by different methodologies of dietary parameter changes, varying duration of studies, as well as the time at which they were carried out.ConclusionsIt is extremely difficult to extrapolate results of recent studies to contemporary recommendations. It seems that there is a need for properly randomised studies on large groups, with good control of dietary and non-dietary parameters, which account for not only the sum of SFA and TFA, but also their source. Only such studies will allow for full evaluation of an effect of substituting SFA and TFA on cardiovascular risk.
Exposition aus Sicht niedergelassener Verhaltenstherapeutinnen und Verhaltenstherapeuten
Authors: Pittig Andre , Hoyer Jürgen 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Expositionsbasierte Interventionen gehören zu den wirksamsten Methoden bei der Behandlung von Angststörungen. Dennoch legen vergangene Studien nahe, dass Exposition in der verhaltenstherapeutischen Routinepraxis nur selten eingesetzt wird. Barrieren, die eine Anwendung verhindern, wurden bisher nicht systematisch erfasst. Fragestellung und Methode: Hauptziel dieser Studie war eine praxis-orientierte Erhebung systemischer Barrieren und Veränderungswünschen bei der Anwendung von Exposition aus Sicht ambulant tätiger Verhaltenstherapeutinnen und -therapeuten. Mittels postalischer Befragung wurden diese Barrieren sowie die Anwendungshäufigkeit von expositionsbasierten Interventionen erfasst (N = 684). Ergebnisse: Gemäß Selbstbericht wurde bei weniger als der Hälfte der Behandlungen von Angststörungen eine Form der Exposition eingesetzt (46.8 %), wobei die Anwendungshäufigkeit stark zwischen den Behandelnden variierte. Exposition wurde hauptsächlich in der eigenen Praxis, durchschnittlich für eine Dauer von einer Stunde und mit einer wöchentlichen bis zweiwöchentlichen Frequenz eingesetzt. Eine häufigere Anwendung war mit jüngerem Alter, weniger Berufsjahren und mehr expositionsspezifischen Aus- und Weiterbildungsstunden assoziiert. Systemische Barrieren bezogen sich besonders auf finanzielle Aspekte und das Aufwand-Vergütungsverhältnis, Unklarheiten bezüglich Versicherungs- und Abrechnungsaspekten, sowie das begrenzte Stundenkontingent. Schlussfolgerung: Exposition bei Angststörungen scheint nicht so häufig und intensiv eingesetzt zu werden, wie in aktuellen evidenzbasierten Leitlinien empfohlen wird. Diverse systemische Barrieren erschweren die Anwendung in der ambulanten Routineversorgung.
Remediation of adult black dental stains by phototherapy
Authors: Albelda-Bernardo M. A. , Jovani-Sancho M. del Mar , Veses V. , Sheth C. C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction and aims
This study investigates the effects of the application of antimicrobial phototherapy on black-stained tooth surfaces. Key variables were area, color and time taken to reappearance of black stain following dental prophylaxis with and without antimicrobial phototherapy. Differences in bacterial composition of black stain (specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis) were analyzed.

Material and methods
The phototherapy device used was GLO™ Science LLC, New York, America, emitting light at 475 nm and a power of 3 W. Light was applied in 2 cycles of 8 min on 31 volunteers. Microbial identification was carried out on DNA extracted from black plaque. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03309748.

Results
Following antimicrobial phototherapy, 64.5% of patients displayed reduced pigmentation area. Plaque color was lighter in 48.4% of subjects. Pigmentation area and depth of color returned to normal levels during the course of the study. Colonization by the three bacterial species decreased, although the changes were not statistically significant. We report a key novel finding showing elevated levels of colonization by Tannerella forsythia (83.9%) in adult black stain.

Conclusions
Application of phototherapy results in a reduction in area, color and bacterial colonization of black plaque in adults. The changes were not found to be statistically significant, perhaps owing to the low illumination power of the home-whitening device. For the first time, we document the elevated presence of Tannerella forsythia in adult black stain. We also demonstrate the potential application of a commercially available home-whitening device for black plaque treatment.
Progress and challenges towards targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics
Authors: Rosenblum Daniel , Joshi Nitin , Tao Wei , Karp Jeffrey M. , Peer Dan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTargeted delivery approaches for cancer therapeutics have shown a steep rise over the past few decades. However, compared to the plethora of successful pre-clinical studies, only 15 passively targeted nanocarriers (NCs) have been approved for clinical use and none of the actively targeted NCs have advanced past clinical trials. Herein, we review the principles behind targeted delivery approaches to determine potential reasons for their limited clinical translation and success. We propose criteria and considerations that must be taken into account for the development of novel actively targeted NCs. We also highlight the possible directions for the development of successful tumor targeting strategies.
Somatic genome editing with the RCAS-TVA-CRISPR-Cas9 system for precision tumor modeling
Authors: Oldrini Barbara , Curiel-García Álvaro , Marques Carolina , Matia Veronica , Uluçkan Özge , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Torres-Ruiz Raul , Rodriguez-Perales Sandra , Huse Jason T. , Squatrito Massimo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo accurately recapitulate the heterogeneity of human diseases, animal models require to recreate multiple complex genetic alterations. Here, we combine the RCAS-TVA system with the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tools for precise modeling of human tumors. We show that somatic deletion in neural stem cells of a variety of known tumor suppressor genes (Trp53, Cdkn2a, and Pten) leads to high-grade glioma formation. Moreover, by simultaneous delivery of pairs of guide RNAs we generate different gene fusions with oncogenic potential, either by chromosomal deletion (Bcan-Ntrk1) or by chromosomal translocation (Myb-Qk). Lastly, using homology-directed-repair, we also produce tumors carrying the homologous mutation to human BRAF V600E, frequently identified in a variety of tumors, including different types of gliomas. In summary, we have developed an extremely versatile mouse model for in vivo somatic genome editing, that will elicit the generation of more accurate cancer models particularly appropriate for pre-clinical testing.
Immiscible hydrous Fe–Ca–P melt and the origin of iron oxide-apatite ore deposits
Authors: Hou Tong , Charlier Bernard , Holtz François , Veksler Ilya , Zhang Zhaochong , Thomas Rainer , Namur Olivier 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe origin of iron oxide-apatite deposits is controversial. Silicate liquid immiscibility and separation of an iron-rich melt has been invoked, but Fe–Ca–P-rich and Si-poor melts similar in composition to the ore have never been observed in natural or synthetic magmatic systems. Here we report experiments on intermediate magmas that develop liquid immiscibility at 100 MPa, 1000–1040 °C, and oxygen fugacity conditions (fO2) of ∆FMQ = 0.5–3.3 (FMQ = fayalite-magnetite-quartz equilibrium). Some of the immiscible melts are highly enriched in iron and phosphorous ± calcium, and strongly depleted in silicon (<5 wt.% SiO2). These Si-poor melts are in equilibrium with a rhyolitic conjugate and are produced under oxidized conditions (~FMQ + 3.3), high water activity (aH2O ≥ 0.7), and in fluorine-bearing systems (1 wt.%). Our results show that increasing aH2O and fO2 enlarges the two-liquid field thus allowing the Fe–Ca–P melt to separate easily from host silicic magma and produce iron oxide-apatite ores.
Publisher Correction: Unravelling the immune signature of Plasmodium falciparum transmission-reducing immunity
Authors: Stone Will J. R. , Campo Joseph J. , Ouédraogo André Lin , Meerstein-Kessel Lisette , Morlais Isabelle , Da Dari , Cohuet Anna , Nsango Sandrine , Sutherland Colin J. , van de Vegte-Bolmer Marga , Siebelink-Stoter Rianne , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Graumans Wouter , Lanke Kjerstin , Shandling Adam D. , Pablo Jozelyn V. , Teng Andy A. , Jones Sophie , de Jong Roos M. , Fabra-García Amanda , Bradley John , Roeffen Will , Lasonder Edwin , Gremo Giuliana , Schwarzer Evelin , Janse Chris J. , Singh Susheel K. , Theisen Michael , Felgner Phil , Marti Matthias , Drakeley Chris , Sauerwein Robert , Bousema Teun , Jore Matthijs M. 
Published: April 2018

The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 3. In panel a, bars from a chart depicting the percentage of antibody-positive individuals in non-infectious and infectious groups were inadvertently included in place of bars depicting the percentage of infectious individuals, as described in the Article and figure legend. However, the p values reported in the Figure and the resulting conclusions were based on the correct dataset. The corrected Fig. 3a now shows the percentage of infectious individuals in antibody-negative and -positive groups, in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The incorrect and correct versions of Figure 3a are also presented for comparison in the accompanying Publisher Correction as Figure 1.The HTML version of the Article also omitted a link to Supplementary Data 6. The error has now been fixed and Supplementary Data 6 is available to download.
Quantitative characterization of all single amino acid variants of a viral capsid-based drug delivery vehicle
Authors: Hartman Emily C. , Jakobson Christopher M. , Favor Andrew H. , Lobba Marco J. , Álvarez-Benedicto Ester , Francis Matthew B. , Tullman-Ercek Danielle 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSelf-assembling proteins are critical to biological systems and industrial technologies, but predicting how mutations affect self-assembly remains a significant challenge. Here, we report a technique, termed SyMAPS (Systematic Mutation and Assembled Particle Selection), that can be used to characterize the assembly competency of all single amino acid variants of a self-assembling viral structural protein. SyMAPS studies on the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein revealed a high-resolution fitness landscape that challenges some conventional assumptions of protein engineering. An additional round of selection identified a previously unknown variant (CP[T71H]) that is stable at neutral pH but less tolerant to acidic conditions than the wild-type coat protein. The capsids formed by this variant could be more amenable to disassembly in late endosomes or early lysosomes—a feature that is advantageous for delivery applications. In addition to providing a mutability blueprint for virus-like particles, SyMAPS can be readily applied to other self-assembling proteins.
GFI1 facilitates efficient DNA repair by regulating PRMT1 dependent methylation of MRE11 and 53BP1
Authors: Vadnais Charles , Chen Riyan , Fraszczak Jennifer , Yu Zhenbao , Boulais Jonathan , Pinder Jordan , Frank Daria , Khandanpour Cyrus , Hébert Josée , Dellaire Graham , Côté Jean-François , Richard Stéphane , Orthwein Alexandre , Drobetsky Elliot , Möröy Tarik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGFI1 is a transcriptional regulator expressed in lymphoid cells, and an “oncorequisite” factor required for development and maintenance of T-lymphoid leukemia. GFI1 deletion causes hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, for which the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GFI1 is required in T cells for the regulation of key DNA damage signaling and repair proteins. Specifically, GFI1 interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 and its substrates MRE11 and 53BP1. We demonstrate that GFI1 enables PRMT1 to bind and methylate MRE11 and 53BP1, which is necessary for their function in the DNA damage response. Thus, our results provide evidence that GFI1 can adopt non-transcriptional roles, mediating the post-translational modification of proteins involved in DNA repair. These findings have direct implications for treatment responses in tumors overexpressing GFI1 and suggest that GFI1’s activity may be a therapeutic target in these malignancies.
Genome-wide association study of depression phenotypes in UK Biobank identifies variants in excitatory synaptic pathways
Authors: Howard David M. , Adams Mark J. , Shirali Masoud , Clarke Toni-Kim , Marioni Riccardo E. , Davies Gail , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Alloza Clara , Shen Xueyi , Barbu Miruna C. , Wigmore Eleanor M. , Gibson Jude ,   23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L. , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Kleinman Aaron , Litterman Nadia K. , McCreight Jennifer C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M. , Pitts Steven J. , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Sazonova Olga V. , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Wilson Catherine H. , Hagenaars Saskia P. , Lewis Cathryn M. , Ward Joey , Smith Daniel J. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Haley Chris S. , Breen Gerome , Deary Ian J. , McIntosh Andrew M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDepression is a polygenic trait that causes extensive periods of disability. Previous genetic studies have identified common risk variants which have progressively increased in number with increasing sample sizes of the respective studies. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association study in 322,580 UK Biobank participants for three depression-related phenotypes: broad depression, probable major depressive disorder (MDD), and International Classification of Diseases (ICD, version 9 or 10)-coded MDD. We identify 17 independent loci that are significantly associated (P < 5 × 10−8) across the three phenotypes. The direction of effect of these loci is consistently replicated in an independent sample, with 14 loci likely representing novel findings. Gene sets are enriched in excitatory neurotransmission, mechanosensory behaviour, post synapse, neuron spine and dendrite functions. Our findings suggest that broad depression is the most tractable UK Biobank phenotype for discovering genes and gene sets that further our understanding of the biological pathways underlying depression.
Quantitative assessment of protein activity in orphan tissues and single cells using the metaVIPER algorithm
Authors: Ding Hongxu , Douglass Eugene F. , Sonabend Adam M. , Mela Angeliki , Bose Sayantan , Gonzalez Christian , Canoll Peter D. , Sims Peter A. , Alvarez Mariano J. , Califano Andrea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe and others have shown that transition and maintenance of biological states is controlled by master regulator proteins, which can be inferred by interrogating tissue-specific regulatory models (interactomes) with transcriptional signatures, using the VIPER algorithm. Yet, some tissues may lack molecular profiles necessary for interactome inference (orphan tissues), or, as for single cells isolated from heterogeneous samples, their tissue context may be undetermined. To address this problem, we introduce metaVIPER, an algorithm designed to assess protein activity in tissue-independent fashion by integrative analysis of multiple, non-tissue-matched interactomes. This assumes that transcriptional targets of each protein will be recapitulated by one or more available interactomes. We confirm the algorithm’s value in assessing protein dysregulation induced by somatic mutations, as well as in assessing protein activity in orphan tissues and, most critically, in single cells, thus allowing transformation of noisy and potentially biased RNA-Seq signatures into reproducible protein-activity signatures.