bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Promising Key Factors Mediating Secondary Neuronal Damage in the Perihematomal Region of Intracerebellar Hemorrhage of Mice
Authors: Bhatia Saandeep , Paramasivam Ramissh , Zolkefley Mohd Khairul Izamil Bin , Kandasamy Regunath , Muthuraju Sangu , Abdullah Jafri Malin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of secondary neuronal damage following intracerebellar hemorrhage (ICbH) have not yet been clearly understood. Our previous study reported apoptotic neuronal damage in the perihematomal region (PH) in mice. However, the possible key factors causing secondary neuronal damage in ICbH are not yet known. Therefore, we aimed to study the vital factors in the mediation of secondary neuronal damage following ICbH induced by collagenase type VII (0.4 U/μL of saline) into the cerebellum of mice. The mice were grouped into four groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) day-1 group (n = 12), (3) day-3 group (n = 12), and (4) day-7 group (n = 12). All mice underwent behavior assessment following induction of ICbH and were subsequently sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 7. Perihaematoma samples were collected to study morphological changes, immunohistochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) estimation, and oxidative stress markers, respectively. Mouse behavior was disturbed following ICbH on days 3 and 7 compared to the control. In addition, neuronal damage was found in the PH region. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) were highly expressed on day 7, while gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABAAα1)-containing receptor subunit was detected on days 1 and 3. NO increased on day 1 post-induction and decreased on days 3 and 7. The expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOSs), glutathione peroxidase 1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased on day 3. Morphological studies of the PH and tissue showed that neuronal damage occurred from day 1 onward and peaked on day 3, associated with alterations in NO, reactive astrocytes (GFAP), glutamate transport regulation (EAAT1), and GABA receptor. Briefly, significant changes in the key markers in the PH regions at different time points are possibly crucial factors facilitating secondary neuronal damage in the PH region. Identifying the time window of these vital changes could help prevent secondary damage and optimize the treatment to occur at proper time points.
Efficacy of Ayurveda interventions and lifestyle versus lifestyle interventions alone in grade I and II non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Protocol for a multicenter exploratory pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Das Banamali , Jain Seema , Krishna Rao S. , Yadav Babita , Jameela Sophia , Rana Rakesh , Rao B. C. S. , Rao M. M. , Srikanth N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide public health issue affecting 20%–30% of adults, with dominance in men, particularly in the obese population. Current interventions focus on lifestyle modifications, highlighting the need for effective pharmacological options. This study explores the clinical efficacy of Arogyavardhini Vati and Pippalyadyasava, traditional Ayurvedic formulations, in the management of NAFLD.

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE:
With Ayurvedic medicine emphasizing holistic well-being, this study is aimed to assess the efficacy of Ayurveda interventions viz., Arogyavardhini Vati and Pippalyadyasava combined with lifestyle modifications in grade I and II NAFLD.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The study includes individuals aged 18–60 years and diagnosed with NAFLD of grade I or II. The intervention arm receives Arogyavardhini Vati and Pippalyadyasava along with lifestyle modifications, while the control group adopts lifestyle modifications for 90 days. Both groups are then followed up for more than 30 days with lifestyle modifications ongoing. Primary outcomes include the change in the fibroscan score and controlled attenuation parameter value or magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction. Secondary outcomes are changes in liver function markers, lipid profile, HbA1C, Body Mass Index, and Fatty Liver Index.

CONCLUSION:
This study may inform about the efficacy of the Ayurvedic interventions adjuvant to lifestyle modification in the management of NAFLD.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
CTRI/2022/02/040321 dated February 15, 2022.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice among kindergarten teachers regarding vision and eye screening of preschool children
Authors: AlHarkan Dora Hamad S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

PURPOSE:
To estimate the level and determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of kindergarten teachers regarding vision and eye screening of preschool children of Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

METHODS:
As a part of a study to evaluate the KAP of stakeholders in the Qassim region, we surveyed kindergarten teachers from July to September 2023. The responses to ten knowledge-related and five attitudes and practices of teachers about eye and vision screening were collected using a graded Likert scale. The KAP score was associated with teacher-related variables. Teachers’ current and desired sources of knowledge were also reviewed.

RESULTS:
We surveyed 60 KG teachers. All were female. The good level of knowledge was in 85% of teachers. The positive attitude and good practices were in 90% of teachers. Teachers’ education levels were not associated with teachers’ knowledge (Kolmogorov–Smirnov [KS] P = 0.456), attitudes (KS P = 0.71), and practice (KS P = 0.06). Social media and computer-based sources provided knowledge on eye and vision screening of children in nearly half of the teachers. More interaction between ophthalmologists and optometrists was desired to learn about the topic.

CONCLUSIONS:
The high awareness, positive attitude, and practices noted among KG teachers in this study are promising and favor their involvement in universal vision and eye screening initiatives in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.
Teprotumumab versus intravenous methylprednisolone in thyroid eye disease: A systematic review
Authors: Mehmood Faizan , Rizvi Syed Ali Raza , Alam Sarah , Ansari Benazir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disorder caused due to a complex interplay between autoantigens including the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor. TED is characterized by progressive proptosis or diplopia. This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of the newer monoclonal antibody – teprotumumab and intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in TED patients. We performed a systematic review of previously published studies from 2013 to June 2023. A total of 329 articles were screened; among them, 111 non-duplicate publications were identified. After the screening of titles and abstracts, 156 publications were excluded; then, another 47 published papers were excluded after the full-text screening. The remaining 15 eligible studies were included in this systematic review. The majority of studies used either teprotumumab alone or in combination with others. Among 15 studies, eight studies used teprotumumab in TED patients, whereas remaining 7 studies used a standard treatment regimen. This systematic review provides an overview of the existing treatment options using monoclonal antibody – teprotumumab and IVMP in TED patients. The overall assessment provides a finding that antibody – teprotumumab is is a good choice compared to conventional IVMP for providing better outcomes in patients with TED.
Oral cyclophosphamide treatment for clinical periocular inflammation of unknown origin
Authors: Maleki Arash , Anesi Stephen D. , Chang Peter Y. , Foster C. Stephen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
This study outlines a scenario involving unilateral periocular inflammation exhibited resistance to conventional immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) and biologic response modifying agents, which was successfully managed with oral cyclophosphamide monotherapy. A 39-year-old male visited our clinic, expressing discomfort and swelling in his left upper eyelid for six months. All multidisciplinary consultations and imaging yielded normal results. He remained consistently on a dosage of 50 mg oral prednisone. Blood tests yielded results within the normal range or were negative, with the exception of the antinuclear antibody. He did not respond to conventional IMT and biological response modifier agents. Ultimately, the patient began oral cyclophosphamide. One month after commencing cyclophosphamide treatment, the oral prednisone dosage was gradually reduced without any flare-up. oral cyclophosphamide can serve as a valuable treatment for periocular inflammation that does not respond to standard conventional IMT and biologic response modifier agents.
Unexpected encounter with an intracameral cilium postcataract surgery
Authors: Tripathi Anchal , Bhirud Atul , Agrawal Mohini , Mishra Avinash , Raj Biresh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cataract surgery, a routine and highly successful ophthalmic intervention, is not immune to unexpected challenges. While complications are infrequent, their diverse nature necessitates a thorough understanding to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Case Report:
This presentation focuses on a 55-year-old female who underwent routine phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement. Despite uneventful initial postoperative assessments, a horizontally oriented intraocular cilium was discovered on the 1st day. Prompt removal was undertaken, leading to an uneventful recovery. The case is distinguished by video evidence ruling out the presence of cilium at the surgery’s conclusion, prompting exploration into the mechanisms of delayed entry.

Discussion:
Delving into the intricacies of intraocular cilium postcataract surgery, this discussion emphasizes the rarity of such occurrences and explores the spectrum of ocular responses documented in the literature. Patient-specific factors, wound integrity, and the role of postoperative eye rubbing are scrutinized. The importance of patient education, vigilant postoperative monitoring, and timely interventions to mitigate complications are highlighted. The case prompts a reconsideration of preventive strategies and underscores the adaptability required in managing unexpected challenges.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this case of intraocular cilium following routine cataract surgery contributes a unique perspective to the understanding of postoperative complications. The absence of cilium at the surgery’s conclusion challenges assumptions, urging a reevaluation of preventive measures. Beyond this specific case, the discussion emphasizes the broader implications for patient care and surgical practice. The adaptive approach to unforeseen challenges, coupled with comprehensive patient education, emerges as pivotal for optimal outcomes in cataract surgery.
Role of autoimmunity in the etiopathogenesis of Ross syndrome
Authors: Mishra Ashutosh Kumar , Shukla Ruchi , Rout Saubhagya Kumar , Bajpai Harshit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ross syndrome is a rare clinical entity that manifests classically with a triad of segmental anhidrosis, tonic pupil, and hyporeflexia. Here, we present a case of Ross syndrome in a university-going female in her early twenties with a history of hypothyroidism for 5 years. She has complained of insidious onset and progressive anhidrosis on the right side of her body for 7 years. On evaluation, we found her to have autoimmune thyroiditis with elevated serum antithyroid peroxidase antibody. The antinuclear antibody titer was also raised significantly, suggesting a possible autoimmune etiology. In our case, we reiterate the need for autoimmune testing in cases of Ross syndrome and further research on the effectiveness of immunomodulators for treatment.
Fatal Penetrative Cervical Spine Injury Following Misdeployed Airbag
Authors: Elserafy Osama Said , Alzubaidi Faisal Mohammed , Zakari Yahya Hadi , Alshanawani Hussam Eid , Alanzi Fahd Geleel , Aldusaymani Saba Mohammed , Alfaifi Nourah Ibraheem , Alzahrani Saeed Ali , Ibrahim Samah Fathy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Road traffic injuries are one of the leading causes of global mortality rates and entail various health and economic-related consequences. When used in combination with seatbelts, vehicle airbags are intended to reduce cervical spinal injuries to the car driver during sudden impact. However, it is increasingly recognized that airbag misdeployment trauma injuries are becoming more prevalent and can lead to severe injuries or even death. This case report presents a fatal penetrative cervical spine injury in a 22-year-old nonrestrained male following a misdeployed airbag in Saudi Arabia. Misdeployed airbag trauma may be a potential factor in road traffic fatalities, particularly when it is linked to penetrating injuries caused by metal fragments penetrating the car’s passenger compartment. Postmortem imaging assists the medical examiner in planning autopsy procedures and to rule out other injuries. To ensure a safe driving experience, it is imperative to adhere to road safety policies and enhance the safety features of automobiles to meet industry standards.
Stature Prediction from Handprint Measurements: Searching for New Parameters
Authors: Dwairi Rami , Paulis Melad Gad , Al Tawallbeh Zaid , Al-Najada Laith , Al-Jabsheh Rakan , Barakat Mahmoud , Amayreh Mohammad , Fahim Ayman L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Handprints are a common finding in crime scenes. Estimating stature is one of the four pillars of establishing the identity of an unknown individual.Aims:The commonly used parameters – hand length and hand breadth were tested. In addition, new parameters, namely hypothenar (HC) and thenar curvatures (TC) and palm area (PA) were examined for their usefulness in stature prediction.Subjects and Methods:A sample from the Jordanian population was used for this study. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the accuracy of predicting stature from a handprint. Seventy-five male and female hands were scanned and processed to measure 10 parameters.Results:The results indicated that male stature and all parameters were significantly larger than their female counterparts. Regression analysis predicted the stature with a standard error of estimate of 2.09–3.90 cm in males and 5.68–3.72 cm in females. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant improvement in stature estimation.Conclusions:This study represents the first attempt to estimate stature using handprints in the Jordanian population. The newly tested parameters (HC, TC, and PA) contributed to the prediction of stature. One limitation of this study is that the research group was confined to university students aged 18–24 years.
Metaheuristic optimization scheme for quantum kernel classifiers using entanglement‐directed graphs
Authors: Tjandra Yozef , Sugiarto Hendrik Santoso 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEntanglement is crucial for achieving quantum advantages. However, in the context of quantum machine learning, existing optimization strategies for generating quantum classifier circuits often result in unentangled circuits, indicating an underutilization of the entanglement effect needed to learn complex patterns. In this study, we proposed a novel metaheuristic approach—genetic algorithm—for designing a quantum kernel classifier that incorporates expressive entanglement. This classifier utilizes a loopless entanglement‐directed graph, where each directed edge represents the entanglement between the target and control qubits. The proposed method consistently outperforms classical and quantum baselines across various artificial and actual datasets, achieving improvements up to 32.4% and 17.5%, respectively, compared with the best model among all other baselines. Moreover, this method successfully reconstructs the hidden entanglement structures underlying artificial datasets. The results also demonstrate that the optimized circuits exhibit diverse entanglement variations across different datasets, indicating the versatility of the proposed approach.
Predicting prolonged postoperative ileus in gastric cancer patients based on bowel sounds using intelligent auscultation and machine learning
Authors: Shi Shuai , Lu Cong , Shan Liang , Yan Liang , Liang Yong , Feng Tao , Chen Zun , Chen Xin , Wu Xi , Liu Si-Da , Duan Xiang-Long , Wang Ze-Zheng 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) delays the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with gastric cancer (GC), leading to longer hospitalization and higher healthcare expenditure. However, effective monitoring of gastrointestinal recovery in patients with GC remains challenging because of the lack of noninvasive methods.
AIM
To explore the risk factors for delayed postoperative bowel function recovery and evaluate bowel sound indicators collected via an intelligent auscultation system to guide clinical practice.
METHODS
This study included data from 120 patients diagnosed with GC who had undergone surgical treatment and postoperative bowel sound monitoring in the Department of General Surgery II at Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital between January 2019 and January 2021. Among them, PPOI was reported in 33 cases. The patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts. Significant variables from the training cohort were identified using univariate and multivariable analyses and were included in the model.
RESULTS
The analysis identified six potential variables associated with PPOI among the included participants. The incidence rate of PPOI was 27.5%. Age ≥ 70 years, cTNM stage (I and IV), preoperative hypoproteinemia, recovery time of bowel sounds (RTBS), number of bowel sounds (NBS), and frequency of bowel sounds (FBS) were independent risk factors for PPOI. The Bayesian model demonstrated good performance with internal validation: Training cohort [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.880, accuracy = 0.823, Brier score = 0.139] and validation cohort (AUC = 0.747, accuracy = 0.690, Brier score = 0.215). The model showed a good fit and calibration in the decision curve analysis, indicating a significant net benefit.
CONCLUSION
PPOI is a common complication following gastrectomy in patients with GC and is associated with age, cTNM stage, preoperative hypoproteinemia, and specific bowel sound-related indices (RTBS, NBS, and FBS). To facilitate early intervention and improve patient outcomes, clinicians should consider these factors, optimize preoperative nutritional status, and implement routine postoperative bowel sound monitoring. This study introduces an accessible machine learning model for predicting PPOI in patients with GC.
Preventive effect of probiotics on infections following colorectal cancer surgery: An umbrella meta-analysis
Authors: Han Yue , Wang Yong , Guan Min 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Postoperative infections remain a significant source of morbidity among patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. While probiotics have been proposed as a potential strategy to mitigate the risk of these infections, contemporary meta-analyses have produced conflicting findings.
AIM
To synthesize the available evidence regarding the prophylactic efficacy of probiotics in preventing infections following CRC surgery.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus was conducted to identify relevant meta-analyses published up to February 2024. To assess the efficacy of probiotics on outcomes, relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95%CI were pooled using a random effects model.
RESULTS
This comprehensive umbrella meta-analysis integrated eleven meta-analyses encompassing 11518 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Probiotics administration resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of total infections (RR: 0.40, 95%CI: 0.31-0.51; moderate certainty), surgical site infections (RR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.49-0.63; high certainty), pneumonia (RR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.30-0.48; high certainty), urinary tract infections (RR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.31-0.61; moderate certainty), bacteremia (RR: 0.41, 95%CI: 0.30-0.56; high certainty), and sepsis (RR: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.25-0.44; high certainty). However, probiotics did not significantly affect intra-abdominal, central line, or peritoneal infections.
CONCLUSION
Probiotics have demonstrated potential in mitigating postoperative infectious complications among patients undergoing CRC surgery.
Blue rubber blister nevus syndrome: A case report
Authors: Wang Wen-Jing , Chen Pei-Li , Shao Huan-Zhang 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Blue rubber blister nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a congenital, rare disease characterized by venous malformations of the skin and internal organs, affecting all systems throughout the body. The pathogenesis is unknown. There is no consensus on the treatment of BRBNS. Most of the previously reported cases were mild to moderate with a good prognosis, and this case was a critically ill patient with severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and severe joint fusion that was different from previously reported cases.
CASE SUMMARY
An 18-year-old man with early onset of BRBNS in early childhood is reported. He presented with recurrent melena and underwent malformed phlebectomy and partial jejunectomy and ileal resection. The patient had melena before and after surgery. After active treatment, the patient's gastrointestinal bleeding improved. This was a case of atypical BRBNS with severe gastrointestinal bleeding and severe joint fusion, which should be differentiated from other serious joint lesions and provide clinicians with better understanding of this rare disease.
CONCLUSION
This case of critical BRBNS with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, DIC and severe joint fusion provides further understanding of this rare disease.
Limited validity of Mayo endoscopic subscore in ulcerative colitis with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Wohl Pavel , Krausova Alzbeta , Wohl Petr , Fabian Ondrej , Bajer Lukas , Brezina Jan , Drastich Pavel , Hlavaty Mojmir , Novotna Petra , Kahle Michal , Spicak Julius , Gregor Martin 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Ulcerative colitis (UC) with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents a distinct disease entity (PSC-UC). Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) is a standard tool for assessing disease activity in UC but its relevance in PSC-UC remains unclear.
AIM
To assess the accuracy of MES in UC and PSC-UC patients, we performed histological scoring using Nancy histological index (NHI).
METHODS
MES was assessed in 30 PSC-UC and 29 UC adult patients during endoscopy. NHI and inflammation were evaluated in biopsies from the cecum, rectum, and terminal ileum. In addition, perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, fecal calprotectin, body mass index, and other relevant clinical characteristics were collected.
RESULTS
The median MES and NHI were similar for UC patients (MES grade 2 and NHI grade 2 in the rectum) but were different for PSC-UC patients (MES grade 0 and NHI grade 2 in the cecum). There was a correlation between MES and NHI for UC patients (Spearman's r = 0.40, P = 0.029) but not for PSC-UC patients. Histopathological examination revealed persistent microscopic inflammation in 88% of PSC-UC patients with MES grade 0 (46% of all PSC-UC patients). Moreover, MES overestimated the severity of active inflammation in an additional 11% of PSC-UC patients.
CONCLUSION
MES insufficiently identifies microscopic inflammation in PSC-UC. This indicates that histological evaluation should become a routine procedure of the diagnostic and grading system in both PSC-UC and PSC.