bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into the phylogeographic pattern ofLiriodendron chinense(Magnoliaceae) revealed by chloroplast DNA: east–west lineage split and genetic mixture within western subtropical China
Authors: Yang Aihong , Zhong Yongda , Liu Shujuan , Liu Lipan , Liu Tengyun , Li Yanqiang , Yu Faxin 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSubtropical China is a global center of biodiversity and one of the most important refugia worldwide. Mountains play an important role in conserving the genetic resources of species.Liriodendron chinenseis a Tertiary relict tree largely endemic to subtropical China. In this study, we aimed to achieve a better understanding of the phylogeographical pattern ofL. chinenseand to explore the role of mountains in the conservation ofL. chinensegenetic resources.MethodsThree chloroplast regions (psbJ-petA,rpl32-ndhF, andtrnK5’-matK) were sequenced in 40 populations ofL. chinensefor phylogeographical analyses. Relationships among chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes were determined using median-joining networks, and genetic structure was examined by spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). The ancestral area of the species was reconstructed using the Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo (BBM) method according to its geographic distribution and a maximum parsimony (MP) tree based on Bayesian methods.ResultsObvious phylogeographic structure was found inL. chinense. SAMOVA revealed seven groups matching the major landscape features of theL. chinensedistribution area. The haplotype network showed three clades distributed in the eastern, southwestern, and northwestern regions. Separate northern and southern refugia were found in the Wu Mountains and Yungui Plateau, with genetic admixture in the Dalou Mountains and Wuling Mountains. BBM revealed a more ancient origin ofL. chinensein the eastern region, with a west–east split most likely having occurred during the Mindel glacial stage.DiscussionThe clear geographical distributions of haplotypes suggested multiple mountainous refugia ofL. chinense. The east–west lineage split was most likely a process of gradual genetic isolation and allopatric lineage divergence when the Nanling corridor was frequently occupied by evergreen or coniferous forest during Late Quaternary oscillations. Hotspots of haplotype diversity in the Dalou Mountains and Wuling Mountains likely benefited from gene flow from the Wu Mountains and Yungui Plateau. Collectively, these results indicate that mountain regions should be the main units for conserving and collecting genetic resources ofL. chinenseand other similar species in subtropical China.
Eating peptides: biomarkers of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Ahmed Rebekah M. , Phan Katherine , Highton‐Williamson Elizabeth , Strikwerda‐Brown Cherie , Caga Jashelle , Ramsey Eleanor , Zoing Margaret , Devenney Emma , Kim Woojin S. , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Halliday Glenda M. , Kiernan Matthew C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivePhysiological changes potentially influence disease progression and survival along the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)‐Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) spectrum. The peripheral peptides that regulate eating and metabolism may provide diagnostic, metabolic, and progression biomarkers. The current study aimed to examine the relationships and biomarker potential of hormonal peptides.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐seven participants (36 ALS, 26 ALS‐ cognitive, patients with additional cognitive behavioral features, and 35 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) and 30 controls) underwent fasting blood analyses of leptin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and insulin levels. Relationships between endocrine measures, cognition, eating behaviors, and body mass index (BMI) were investigated. Biomarker potential was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression for diagnosis and correlation to disease duration.ResultsCompared to controls, ALS and ALS‐cognitive had higher NPY levels and bvFTD had lower NPY levels, while leptin levels were increased in all patient groups. All groups had increased insulin levels and a state of insulin resistance compared to controls. Lower NPY levels correlated with increasing eating behavioral change and BMI, while leptin levels correlated with BMI. On multinomial logistic regression, NPY and leptin levels were found to differentiate between diagnosis. Reduced Neuropeptide Y levels correlated with increasing disease duration, suggesting it may be useful as a potential marker of disease progression.InterpretationALS‐FTD is characterized by changes in NPY and leptin levels that may impact on the underlying regional neurodegeneration as they were predictive of diagnosis and disease duration, offering the potential as biomarkers and for the development of interventional treatments.
Lung‐Endothelium‐Targeted Nanoparticles Based on a pH‐Sensitive Lipid and the GALA Peptide Enable Robust Gene Silencing and the Regression of Metastatic Lung Cancer
Authors: Abd Elwakil Mahmoud M. , Khalil Ikramy A. , Elewa Yaser H. A. , Kusumoto Kenji , Sato Yusuke , Shobaki Nour , Kon Yasuhiro , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of efficient gene delivery systems targeting the lung endothelium remains a serious challenge. This study reports on the design and optimization of a multifunctional envelope‐type nanodevice (MEND) for an efficient siRNA delivery to the lung endothelium based on GALA‐peptide targeting ability. The incorporation of a pH‐sensitive lipid (YSK05) results in a dramatic improvement in silencing efficiency by enhancing endosomal escape, but this also causes a reduction in the lung selectivity. Contrary to the assumption that active targeting is largely dependent on the presence of a targeting ligand, the findings of the present study indicate that nanocarrier composition is critical for achieving the organ selectivity. Interestingly, helper lipids substantially mask the liver delivery resulting in optimum lung targeting. The optimized YSK05‐MEND is 40‐fold more efficient than a previously developed MEND, with a robust lung endothelium gene knockdown at small doses. The YSK05‐MEND strongly inhibits a metastatic lung cancer model and exerts superior control over lung metastasis compared to chemotherapy or the previously developed MEND. The YSK05‐MEND is well‐tolerated in mice after acute or chronic administration. As far as it is known, YSK05‐MEND achieves the most efficient lung endothelium gene silencing reported thus far with a median effective dose of 0.01 mg siRNA kg−1 while minimally affecting the endothelium of other organs.
Current and Future Perspectives on Skin Tissue Engineering: Key Features of Biomedical Research, Translational Assessment, and Clinical Application
Authors: Yu Justine R. , Navarro Javier , Coburn James C. , Mahadik Bhushan , Molnar Joseph , Holmes James H. , Nam Arthur J. , Fisher John P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe skin is responsible for several important physiological functions and has enormous clinical significance in wound healing. Tissue engineered substitutes may be used in patients suffering from skin injuries to support regeneration of the epidermis, dermis, or both. Skin substitutes are also gaining traction in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as alternatives to animal models for product testing. Recent biomedical advances, ranging from cellular‐level therapies such as mesenchymal stem cell or growth factor delivery, to large‐scale biofabrication techniques including 3D printing, have enabled the implementation of unique strategies and novel biomaterials to recapitulate the biological, architectural, and functional complexity of native skin. This progress report highlights some of the latest approaches to skin regeneration and biofabrication using tissue engineering techniques. Current challenges in fabricating multilayered skin are addressed, and perspectives on efforts and strategies to meet those limitations are provided. Commercially available skin substitute technologies are also examined, and strategies to recapitulate native physiology, the role of regulatory agencies in supporting translation, as well as current clinical needs, are reviewed. By considering each of these perspectives while moving from bench to bedside, tissue engineering may be leveraged to create improved skin substitutes for both in vitro testing and clinical applications.
Photoluminescence and Raman Spectra Oscillations Induced by Laser Interference in Annealing‐Created Monolayer WS2 Bubbles
Authors: Jia Zhiyan , Dong Jiyu , Liu Lixuan , Nie Anmin , Xiang Jianyong , Wang Bochong , Wen Fusheng , Mu Congpu , Zhao Zhisheng , Xu Bo , Gong Yongji , Tian Yongjun , Liu Zhongyuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWS2 monolayer crystals have been grown in a large scale by chemical vapor deposition on SiO2 (300 nm)/Si substrates, and via high‐temperature treatment under protection of Ar or N2 gas flow after growth, huge amount of monolayer WS2 bubbles have been successfully created in a shape of spherical cap and widely distributed sizes. Optical and fluorescence images reveal obvious interference rings on the monolayer WS2 bubbles of large sizes. In line scans and mapping images of photoluminescence (PL) and Raman, oscillatory behaviors have been observed not only for peak intensity but also for peak position and width. It is easy to understand that the oscillatory PL and Raman peak intensities originate from constructive and destructive interference on the bubble's surface, while the oscillatory peak positions and widths are induced by the corresponding enhanced and lowered local heating effects owing to constructive and destructive interference. This is further verified by the absence of oscillation in the position and width when a heat sink layer is applied.
Metal‐ and Oxidant‐free Electrosynthesis of 1,2,3‐Thiadiazoles from Element Sulfur and N‐tosyl Hydrazones
Authors: Mo Shi‐Kun , Teng Qing‐Hu , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA metal‐ and oxidant‐free electrochemical method for synthesizing 1,2,3‐thiadiazoles by inserting element sulfur into N‐tosyl hydrazones is reported. This electrochemical transformation engages electrons as reagents to achieve redox processes, and avoid excess oxidants. The cyclic voltammograms are examined to explore the mechanism of this electrolysis reaction.magnified image
Photoresponsivity Enhancement and Extension of the Detection Spectrum for Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Based Sensors
Authors: Ruan Dun‐Bao , Liu Po‐Tsun , Chen Yi‐Heng , Chiu Yu‐Chuan , Chien Ta‐Chun , Yu Min‐Chin , Gan Kai‐Jhih , Sze Simon M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, indium gallium zinc oxide (InGaZnO [IGZO]) active layer capped with an ultrathin p‐type stannous oxide (SnO) is demonstrated to be a thin film transistor (TFT) for color scanning and photosensing device applications. Typically, the sole IGZO‐based TFT is blind to visible light and hard to be developed for visible light sensing. The combination of IGZO and SnO layers can extend the light detection spectrum into visible light wavelengths and ameliorate the photosensing characteristics. The optical responsivity and signal to noise ratio can even be enhanced from 1.05 × 10−2 to 398.02 A W−1 and from 2.1 × 101 to 6.8 × 105 with at least four orders of magnitude, respectively. With the detailed material analysis and physical model discussed, it suggests that the large amount of additional light‐excited carrier generated in the capping layer is the key factor for the significant improvement. Furthermore, the phenomenon of persistent photoconductivity can be effectively suppressed by its natural recombination under the heterojunction structure without applying charge‐pumping method. The electrical uniformity of the sensor device is also highly potential for the next‐generation displays integrating the photosensing functions.
Flow of a Newtonian fluid and a yield stress fluid around a plate inclined at 45° in interaction with a wall
Authors: Ouattara Ziemihori , Jay Pascal , Magnin Albert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis experimental and numerical study focuses on the determination of drag and lifts forces acting on inclined plate at 45° placed near a wall in a uniform flow of Newtonian and yield stress fluid. The inertia of the fluid is considered negligible. The influences of yield stress, shear thinning, and the distance between the plate and the wall were examined precisely. It is shown that the drag and lift coefficients decrease as the Oldroyd number increases and increase as the gap decreases. The unyielded zones around the plate were also determined. Their surfaces increase with the Oldroyd number. When the yield stress is low, the decrease of the shear thinning index n tends to decrease these unyielded zones. For the experimental part, a Carbopol gel was used as a fluid model. Experimental measurements were compared with numerical and published results, particularly in the plasticity context developed for soil mechanics. Differences are discussed in terms of the influence of elasticity and plasticity.
System Dynamics Approaches and Collective Action for Community Health: An Integrative Review
Authors: Cilenti Dorothy , Issel Michele , Wells Rebecca , Link Seri , Lich Kristen Hassmiller 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSystem dynamics (SD) methods, from qualitative causal loop diagramming to quantitative simulation modeling, have the potential to be powerful tools for engaging community stakeholders interested in improving health. However, the extent to which SD drives collective action to improve community health is unclear. The objective of this review was to understand how often, why, and how SD has been used by cross‐sector community collectives. Of 409 identified manuscripts describing application of SD to community health, only 31 (7.6%) documented cross‐sector collective use of these tools. All 31 had as a purpose using SD to better understand community health problems, but only seven (22.6%) documented a collective action taken as the result. In nine of the 31 articles (29.0%), no learning, decisions, or action was documented. The most common form of collective participation in SD work among the seven collectives reporting resulting action was building the SD model, with implementing a new program or practice the most frequently mentioned collective action resulting. Cost and access were the most common system outcomes studied, and chronic diseases and prevention were commonly mentioned as the focal health outcomes. Overall, SD methods seem underutilized for engaging cross‐sector collectives in addressing complex community health problems.
Age‐related decline in urine concentration may not be universal: Comparative study from the U.S. and two small‐scale societies
Authors: Rosinger Asher Y. , Pontzer Herman , Raichlen David A. , Wood Brian M. , Tanner Susan N. , Sands Jeff M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesEvidence from industrialized populations suggests that urine concentrating ability declines with age. However, lifestyle factors including episodic protein intake and low hypertension may help explain differences between populations. Whether this age‐related decline occurs among small‐scale populations with active lifestyles and non‐Western diets is unknown. We test the universality of age‐related urine concentration decline.Materials and MethodsWe used urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm) data from 15,055 U.S. nonpregnant adults without kidney failure aged 18–80 in 2007–2012 participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We tested the relationship of age on urine concentration biomarkers with multiple linear regressions using survey commands. We compared results to longitudinal data on Usg from 116 Tsimane’ forager‐horticulturalists (266 observations) adults aged 18–83 in 2013–2014 from Lowland Bolivia, and to 38 Hadza hunter‐gatherers (156 observations) aged 18–75 in 2010–2015 from Tanzania using random‐effects panel linear regressions.ResultsAmong U.S. adults, age was significantly negatively associated with Usg (Adjusted beta [B] = −0.0009 g/mL/10 years; SE = 0.0001; p < 0.001) and Uosm (B = −28.1 mOsm/kg/10 yr; SE = 2.4; p < 0.001). In contrast, among Tsimane’ (B = 0.0003 g/mL/10 yr; SE = 0.0002; p = 0.16) and Hadza (B = −0.0004 g/mL/10 yr; SE = 0.0004; p = 0.29) age was not associated with Usg. Older Tsimane’ and Hadza exhibited similar within‐individual variability in Usg equivalent to younger adults.DiscussionWhile U.S. adults exhibited age‐related declines in urine concentration, Tsimane’ and Hadza adults did not exhibit the same statistical decline in Usg. Mismatches between evolved physiology and modern environments in lifestyle may affect kidney physiology and disease risk.
Infant handling by female mountain gorillas: Establishing its frequency, function, and (ir)relevance for life history evolution
Authors: Grueter Cyril C. , Hale Jennifer , Jin Ruibing , Judge Debra , Stoinski Tara 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesInfant handling describes cases in which youngsters are temporarily removed from the care of their mothers and “taken care of” (held, carried, etc.) by other conspecifics. Handlers may gain indirect fitness benefits from these actions and can practice mothering skills, thereby improving the odds of survival of their own infants. Great apes are notable for displaying little infant handling. Apart from anecdotal observations, no published data exist on infant handling in wild mountain gorillas. We tested two of the most pertinent explanations (“kin selection” and “learning to mother”) in a wild population of mountain gorillas in Rwanda. We predicted that (a) nulliparous females would exhibit infant handling (i.e., carrying) more than parous females and (b) maternal kin would exhibit more infant handling than nonkin.MethodsWe collated 8 years of data on infant carrying behavior collected in 13 groups monitored by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund's Karisoke Research Center.ResultsInfant handling is an infrequent behavior (1,783 instances over 25,600 observation hours). A strong positive effect of relatedness and handler parity on the frequency of infant handling emerged.ConclusionsWhile the nature of handler–infant interactions (affiliative, abusive, etc.) remains unstudied, they could constitute alloparental care and could therefore attenuate maternal energetic burden and ultimately allow increased birth rates. However, the rarity of this behavior makes it an unlikely contributor to mountain gorillas' relatively short interbirth intervals.
High‐Frequency Nonlinear Transport and Photogalvanic Effects in 2D Topological Insulators
Authors: Durnev Mikhail V. , Tarasenko Sergey A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExcitation of a topological insulator by a high‐frequency electric field of a laser radiation leads to a dc electric current in the helical edge channel whose direction and magnitude are sensitive to the radiation polarization and depend on the physical properties of the edge. An overview of theoretical and experimental studies of such edge photoelectric effects in 2D topological insulators based on semiconductor quantum wells is presented. First, a phenomenological description is given of edge photocurrents, which may originate from the photogalvanic effects or the photon drag effects, for edges of all possible symmetry. Then, microscopic mechanisms of photocurrent generation for different types of optical transitions involving helical edge states are discussed. They include direct and indirect optical transitions within the edge channel and edge‐to‐bulk optical transitions.
Reductive Cyclization of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with Tethered Alkenes under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Claros Miguel , Ungeheuer Felix , Franco Federico , Martin‐Diaconescu Vlad , Casitas Alicia , Lloret‐Fillol Julio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe chemical inertness of abundant and commercially available alkyl chlorides precludes their widespread use as reactants in chemical transformations. Presented in this work is a metallaphotoredox methodology to achieve the catalytic intramolecular reductive cyclization of unactivated alkyl chlorides with tethered alkenes. The cleavage of strong C(sp3)−Cl bonds is mediated by a highly nucleophilic low‐valent cobalt or nickel intermediate generated by visible‐light photoredox reduction employing a copper photosensitizer. The high basicity and multidentate nature of the ligands are key to obtaining efficient metal catalysts for the functionalization of unactivated alkyl chlorides.
Light‐Triggered, Spatially Localized Chemistry by Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Usgaonkar Saurabh , Deshmukh Subrajeet , Biswas Bipul , Karjule Neeta , Yadav Prashant , Nithyanandhan Jayaraj , Kumaraswamy Guruswamy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is of immense interest to exert spatial and temporal control of chemical reactions. It is now demonstrated that irradiation can trigger reactions specifically at the surface of a simple colloidal construct, obtained by adsorbing polyethyleneimine on fluorescent colloidal particles. Exciting the fluorescent dye in the colloid affords photoinduced electron transfer to spatially proximal amine groups on the adsorbed polymer to form free radical ions. It is demonstrated that these can be harnessed to polymerize acrylic acid monomer at the particle surface, or to break up colloidal assemblies by cleaving a cross‐linked polymer mesh. Formation of free radical ions is not a function of the size of the colloid, neither is it restricted to a specific fluorophore. Fluorophores with redox potentials that allow photoinduced electron transfer with amine groups show formation of free radical ions.
Crystal Multi‐Conformational Control Through Deformable Carbon‐Sulfur Bond for Singlet‐Triplet Emissive Tuning
Authors: Wu Hongwei , Chi Weijie , Baryshnikov Gleb , Wu Bin , Gong Yifan , Zheng Dongxiao , Li Xin , Zhao Yanli , Liu Xiaogang , Ågren Hans , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCrystal‐state luminophores have been of great interest in optoelectronics for years, whereas the excited state regulation at the crystal level is still restricted by the lack of control ways. We report that the singlet‐triplet emissive property can be profoundly regulated by crystal conformational distortions. Employing fluoro‐substituted tetrakis(arylthio)benzene luminophores as prototype, we found that couples of molecular conformations formed during different crystallizations. The deformable carbon‐sulphur bond essentially drove the distortion of the molecular conformation and varied the stacking mode, together with diverse non‐covalent interactions, leading to the proportional adjustment of the fluorescence and phosphorescence bands. This intrinsic strategy was further applied for solid‐state multicolor emissive conversion and mechanoluminescence, probably offering new insights for design of smart crystal luminescent materials.
Improved rheology and high‐temperature stability of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide using graphene oxide nanosheet
Authors: Haruna Maje Alhaji , Pervaiz Shahid , Hu Zhongliang , Nourafkan Ehsan , Wen Dongsheng 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTHydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a polymer that extensively used in chemical industry and hydrocarbon extraction and refinery processes, but suffers a common problem of high‐temperature instability. This study improved high‐temperature rheological characteristics of HPAM by using novel graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Stable GO dispersions in aqueous HPAM were formulated, and their dynamic and viscoelastic behaviors were studied. The results showed that the addition of GO significantly increased the viscosities and high‐temperature stability of the base polymer fluid, as well as the elastic properties of the dispersion. Spectral data indicated the formation of covalent linkages and electrostatic hydrogen bonding between the GO and the HPAM functional groups, leading to enhanced stability and viscosity that is beneficial for high‐temperature oil recovery. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47582.