bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sick Sinus Syndrome After the Maze Procedure Performed Concomitantly With Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Cho Min Soo , Heo Ran , Jin Xin , Lee Jung‐Bok , Lee Sahmin , Kim Dae‐Hee , Kim Joon Bum , Kim Jun , Jung Sung‐Ho , Choo Suk Jung , Song Jong‐Min , Nam Gi‐Byoung , Choi Kee‐Joon , Kang Duk‐Hyun , Chung Cheol Hyun , Lee Jae Won , Kim You‐Ho , Song Jae‐Kwan 
Published: September 2018

Background

To characterize the development of sick sinus syndrome (
SSS
) after the additive maze procedure (
MP
) during mitral valve surgery.

Methods and Results

Follow‐up data (median, 3.6 years) of 750 patients with a prevalence of rheumatic cause of 57.6% were analyzed.
SSS
occurred in 35 patients with a time‐dependent increase: the incidence rates at 1, 2, and 4 years after surgery were 2.9%, 3.7%, and 4.3%, respectively. The additive
MP
showed higher risks of
SSS
development (hazard ratio, 7.44; 95% confidence interval, 3.45–16.05;
P
<0.001) and pacemaker implantation (hazard ratio, 3.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.95–6.67;
P
<0.001). Patients who developed
SSS
showed higher 4‐year rates of clinical events (death, stroke, and hospital admission) (67.5±8.5% versus 33.0±1.9%;
P
<0.001). After adjustment for age and preoperative peak systolic pulmonary artery pressure, the lesion extent (biatrial versus left atrial
MP
), not the underlying cause (rheumatic versus nonrheumatic), was independently associated with
SSS
development (hazard ratio, 3.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–11.86;
P
=0.037). The adverse effect of the biatrial
MP
was confirmed in patients with trivial or mild preoperative tricuspid regurgitation showing higher
SSS
incidence (4.6±1.4% versus 1.0±0.7%;
P
=0.023), not in those with moderate‐to‐severe tricuspid regurgitation (6.8±1.7% versus 3.8±3.8%;
P
=0.337). Recurrence of atrial fibrillation was not associated with the lesion extent of the
MP
.

Conclusions

After the additive
MP
, the ongoing risk of
SSS
development should be acknowledged irrespective of the underlying cause. Considering additive risk of biatrial
MP
with similar atrial fibrillation recurrence rate, minimizing lesion extent is warranted.
Coming Home
Authors: Glants Musya 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
I recount the hardship of returning from evacuation to a Riga ravaged by war—and of citizens who were the victim of a constant, inner duality, i.e. of the contradiction between the external conventions of Soviet reality and the inner falsity of Bolshevik ideology. I describe how difficult it was for young people to overcome the nagging moral deterioration of the regime and then the complex process of spiritual liberation in the wake of destalinization.
Sex Differences in Time Trends on Incidence Rates of Oropharyngeal and Oral Cavity Cancers in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Man Hin , Wang Feng , Mang Wai kong , Tse Lap Ah 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Worldwide studies have shown an increasing trend of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) but a decreasing trend of oral cavity cancers over the past 2 decades, particularly in developed countries with successful tobacco control. This trend has been attributed to the increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated OPSCC. The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in incidence trends of oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers in Hong Kong from 1983 to 2014. Methods: Using data from the Hong Kong Cancer Registry from 1983 to 2014, age-standardized incidence rates for potentially HPV-associated sites (oropharyngeal) and non-HPV-associated sites (oral cavity) were calculated, stratified by sex and age groups. Joinpoint regression and an age-period-cohort model were used to assess incidence trends. Results: A total of 1,972 cases of oropharyngeal cancer and 7,389 cases of oral cavity cancer were diagnosed from 1983 to 2014. The male/female ratios were 4.16:1 for oropharyngeal cancers and 1.63:1 for oral cavity cancers. A significant increasing trend was observed in oropharyngeal cancers from 1994 to 2014 (average annual percentage change = 2.66, P < .05). In contrast, a significant decreasing trend was observed in oral cavity cancers from 1983 to 1994 (average annual percentage change = −5.36, P < .05). The trends were more significant in men and in patients aged 45 to 69 years. A positive birth cohort effect was observed for oropharyngeal cancer in men. Conclusions: The rising trend of oropharyngeal cancer and decreasing trend of oral cavity cancer in Hong Kong from 1983 to 2014 are consistent with worldwide trends. Increase in high-risk sexual behaviors and oral HPV infection may influence the difference in trends.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Lateral Wall of the Cavernous Sinus: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study
Authors: Amin Sameh M. , Fathy Hesham , Hussein Ahmed , Kamel Mohamed , Hegazy Ahmed , Fathy Mohamed 
Published: September 2018

Objective: A transcranial extradural approach to the middle cranial fossa (MCF) requires separation of the dural layers of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The authors tested the feasibility of an endonasal approach for this separation. Methods: A cadaveric feasibility study was conducted on the sides of 14 dry skulls and 10 fresh cadaveric heads. An endonasal, transsphenoidal, transpterygoid approach was taken to the MCF. The maxillary struts and medial greater wing of the sphenoid below the superior orbital fissure were drilled with transposition of the maxillary nerve. The lateral cavernous dural layers were split at the maxillary nerve with separation of the temporal lobe dura and exposure of the MCF bony base. The integrity of the cranial nerves and inner and outer dural layers of the lateral cavernous wall was checked. Different measurements of bony landmarks were obtained. Results: The integrity of the dural layers of the lateral cavernous wall and the cranial nerves were preserved in 10 heads. The mean area of the bony corridor was 4.68 ± 0.97 cm2, the V2-to-V3 distance was 15.21 ± 3.36 mm medially and 18.21 ± 3.45 mm laterally, and the vidian canal length was 13.01 ± 3.06 mm. Conclusions: Endonasal endoscopic separation of the lateral cavernous dural layers is feasible without crossing the motor cranial nerves, allowing better exposure of the MCF.
Surgical Treatment Modalities for Iatrogenic Anterior Glottic Stenosis
Authors: Cao Yitan , Sun Guangbin 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe common iatrogenic causes of anterior glottic stenosis and to investigate the surgical treatment outcomes of 3 different techniques aimed at repairing stenoses and preventing web reformation. Methods: Clinical information regarding patient demographics, presentation, etiology, treatment, and follow-up outcomes was obtained retrospectively through a review of patients’ records between April 2010 and April 2017. Voice quality was evaluated using grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain scale and Voice Handicap Index scores. Objective acoustic parameters were collected using the Kay Elemetrics Multi-Speech program. Results: Twenty patients were included in the study. Causes of glottic web formation included chemoradiation therapy and previous laryngeal surgery for polyps or malignant tumors at the anterior commissure. Web lysis with a CO2 laser, intralaryngeal suturing, and keel placement were used in surgical treatment. Satisfactory results were achieved in 19 patients, and 1 recurrence was observed. Grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain scale and Voice Handicap Index scores and objective voice variables for patients with Cohen type I or II webs improved significantly after the surgery. Conclusions: Treatment modalities for anterior glottic stenosis should be carefully chosen according to the etiology of the web, as well as the length and depth of the glottis involved.
Incidence and Characteristics of Midfoot Injuries
Authors: Ponkilainen Ville T. , Laine Heikki-Jussi , Mäenpää Heikki M , Mattila Ville M. , Haapasalo Heidi H. 
Published: September 2018

Background: The epidemiology of midfoot injuries is poorly known. It has been estimated that the incidence of Lisfranc injuries (intra-articular injury in the tarsometatarsal joint) is 1/55 000 person-years and the incidence of Chopart injuries (intra-articular injury in the talonavicular and calcaneocuboidal joint) 4/100 000 person-years. The purpose of our study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) imaging–based incidence (per 100 000 person-years) and trauma mechanisms of midfoot injuries. Methods: All CT studies performed due to acute injury of the foot and ankle region between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016, at Tampere University Hospital were reviewed. Patients presenting with an injury in the midfoot region in the CT scan were included in this study, and their records were retrospectively evaluated to assess patient characteristics. Results: During the 5-year study period, 953 foot and ankle CT scans were obtained because of an acute injury of the foot and ankle. Altogether, 464 foot injuries were found. Of these, 307 affected the midfoot area: 233 (75.9%) the Lisfranc joint area, 56 (18.2%) the Chopart joint area, and 18 (5.9%) were combined injuries or miscellaneous injuries in the midfoot. The incidence of all midfoot injuries was 12.1/100 000 person-years. The incidence of Lisfranc injuries was 9.2/100 000 person-years. The incidence of Chopart injuries was 2.2/100 000 person-years. Conclusions: The incidence of Lisfranc injuries was higher and the incidence of Chopart injuries lower than previously estimated. More than two-thirds of the midfoot injuries in this study were nondisplaced (<2 mm displacement in fracture or joint) and were caused by low-energy trauma. Level of Evidence: Level III, epidemiologic study.
Single-use of endodontic hand files: perceptions and practise
Authors: Buchanan Glynn Dale , Warren Nichola 
Published: September 2018

Background: The concept of single-use of endodontic files remains controversial in the published literature. The extent and attitudes concerning the single-use of endodontic hand files is currently unknown in many countries. Aim: The prevalence and perceptions regarding the single-use of endodontic files was investigated in this descriptive observational study. Methods: A questionnaire regarding the perceptions and usage protocols of endodontic files was developed. Twenty-seven South African dental practices were included in this study. Participation was voluntary. Results: None of the respondents reported single-use of endodontic hand files. Several decontamination methods were used by the respondents for reprocessing endodontic files. Discussion: Financial constraints were reported as the primary reason for the reuse of endodontic files. As no standardised method of reprocessing these instruments exists for South Africa, written guidelines on this subject should be developed.
Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance and genotypic study of the vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA genotypes of the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw milk
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Farsani Farid Yadollahi , Dehkordi Farhad Safarpoor 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Foods with animal origins and particularly milk play a considerable role in transmission of Helicobacter pylori. The current study was performed to assess phenotypic characters of antibiotic resistance and genotyping pattern of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori strains isolated from raw milk.

Methods
Six-hundred and thirty raw milk samples were collected and cultured on Wilkins Chalgren anaerobe media. Antibiotic resistance and genotyping patterns were studied using disk diffusion and PCR, respectively.

Results
Sixty-seven out of 630 (10.63%) raw milk samples were positive for H. pylori. Ovine raw milk (17.27%) samples had the highest prevalence of H. pylori, while camel (5.00%) had the lowest. H. pylori strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (82.08%), tetracycline (76.11%), amoxicillin (74.62%), metronidazole (65.67%) and erythromycin (53.73%). Prevalence of resistance against more than 10 types of antibiotics was 17.91%. VacA s1a (83.58%), m1a (80.59%), s2 (77.61%) and m2 (68.65%), cagA (73.13%) and babA2 (44.77%) were the most commonly detected genotypes. We found that S1am1a (56.71%), s2m1a (56.71%), s1 am2 (43.28%) and s2 m2 (43.28%) were the most commonly detected genotyping pattern. Frequency of cagA-, oipA- and babA2- genotypes were 26.86%, 62.68% and 55.22%, respectively. We found that S1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA−/babA2- (28.35%), m1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA−/babA2- (28.35%) and s2/cagA+/iceA1/oipA−/babA2- (26.86%) were the most commonly detected combined genotyping pattern.

Conclusions
Simultaneous presence of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA2 genotypes in antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains indicates important public health issue regarding the consumption of raw milk. However, additional researches are required to find molecular genetic homology and other epidemiological aspects of H. pylori in milk.
Factors associated with bacteraemia due to multidrug-resistant organisms among bacteraemic patients with multidrug-resistant organism carriage: a case control study
Authors: Mascitti Hélène , Duran Clara , Nemo Elisabeth-Marie , Bouchand Frédérique , Câlin Ruxandra , Descatha Alexis , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Lawrence Christine , Davido Benjamin , Barbier François , Dinh Aurélien 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are emerging worldwide. Physicians are increasingly faced with the question of whether patients need empiric antibiotic treatment covering these pathogens. This question is especially essential among MDRO carriers. We aim to determine the occurrence of MDRO bacteraemia among bacteraemic patients colonized with MDRO, and the associated factors with MDRO bacteraemia among this population.

Methods
We performed a retrospective monocentric study among MDRO carriers hospitalized with bacteraemia between January 2013 and August 2016 in a French hospital. We compared characteristics of patients with MDRO and non-MDRO bacteraemia.

Results
Overall, 368 episodes of bacteraemia were reviewed; 98/368 (26.6%) occurred among MDRO carriers.
Main colonizing bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (40/98; 40.8%), ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (35/98; 35.7%); methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (26/98; 26.5%) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) (12/98; 12.2%).
There was no significant difference considering population with MDRO bacteraemia vs. non-MDRO bacteraemia, except for immunosuppression [OR 2.86; p = 0.0207], severity of the episode [OR 3.13; p = 0.0232], carriage of PA [OR 5.24; p = 0.0395], and hospital-acquired infection [OR 2.49; p = 0.034].
In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with MDRO bacteraemia among colonized patient were only immunosuppression [OR = 2.96; p = 0.0354] and the hospital-acquired origin of bacteraemia [OR = 2.62; p = 0.0427].

Conclusions
According to our study, occurrence of bacteraemia due to MDRO among MDRO carriers was high. Factors associated with MDRO bacteraemia were severity of the episode and hospital-acquired origin of the bacteraemia. Thus, during bacteraemia among patients colonized with MDRO, if such characteristics are present, broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment is recommended.
Estimating the creep behavior of glass-fiber-reinforced polyamide considering the effects of crystallinity and fiber volume fraction
Authors: Sakai Takenobu , Hirai Yuto , Somiya Satoshi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is often used to estimate the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. It can also be used to evaluate the influence of a given variable, or set of variables, on viscoelastic properties. In this research, the effects of time, temperature, fiber volume fraction and the relative crystallinity of polyamide (PA) and glass fiber-reinforced polyamide (GFRPA) were investigated using the time-temperature superposition principle to estimate viscoelastic behavior under each set of conditions.

Methods
The crystallinities of PA and GFRPA, which ranged from 33 to 45%, were controlled by adjusting the duration of crystallization as 250 °C. Creep tests were carried out with these materials, and creep compliance curves of each condition were obtained.

Results
Using these creep compliance curves, the master curves for temperature, and the grand master curves for crystallinity and for fiber volume fraction were generated to show the relationships between fiber volume fraction, crystallinity, and viscoelastic parameters. Furthermore, the great-grand master curve for crystallinity and fiber volume fraction was generated to predict creep behavior in an arbitrarily condition. The predicted data were in good agreement with experimental results.

Conclusions
A method for estimating creep deformation taking into account the effects of influencing variables was developed. The time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was applied to the effects of the fiber volume fraction and crystallinity. Grand master curves for crystallinity and fiber volume fraction were obtained by shifting the corresponding master curves. This study demonstrates that the creep behaviors of fiber-reinforced plastics can be estimated using these shift factors and a great-grand master curve. This method yielded estimates of creep deformation that fitted well with experimental results. Based on our findings, it should be possible to control creep deformation in plastics or fiber-reinforced resins by controlling the fiber volume fraction and the crystallinity of the matrix material.
Effects of Intraoperative Infusion of Esmolol on Systemic and Pulmonary Inflammation in a Porcine Experimental Model of Lung Resection Surgery
Authors: Garutti Ignacio , Rancan Lisa , Abubakra Selma , Simón Carlos , Paredes Sergio Damian , Ortega Javier , Huerta Luis , Ramos Silvia , Vara Elena 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Lung resection surgery (LRS) is associated with systemic and pulmonary inflammation, which can affect postoperative outcomes. Activation of β-adrenergic receptors increases the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and their blockade may attenuate the systemic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a continuous perioperative intravenous perfusion of esmolol on postoperative pulmonary edema in an experimental model of LRS requiring periods of one-lung ventilation (OLV).

METHODS:
Twenty-four large white pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control (CON), esmolol (ESM), and sham. The ESM group received an intravenous esmolol bolus (0.5 mg/kg) and then an esmolol infusion (0.05 mg·kg−1·minute−1) throughout the procedure. The CON group received the same volume of 0.9% saline solution as the ESM group plus a continual infusion of saline. The sham group underwent a left thoracotomy without LRS or OLV. At the end of the LRS, the animals were awakened, and after 24 hours, they underwent general anesthesia again. Lung biopsies and plasma samples were obtained to analyze the levels and expression of inflammatory mediators, and the animals also received a bronchoalveolar lavage.

RESULTS:
At 24 hours after the operation, the ESM group had less lung edema and lower expression of the proinflammatory biomarkers tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1 compared to the CON group for both lung lobes. For the mediastinal lobe biopsies, the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) between the groups for edema, TNF, and IL-1 were 14.3 (95% CI, 5.6–23.1), P = .002; 0.19 (95% CI, 0.07–0.32), P = .002; and 0.13 (95% CI, 0.04–0.22), P = .006, respectively. In the left upper lobe, the mean differences for edema, TNF, and IL-1 were 12.4 (95% CI, 4.2–20.6), P = .003; 0.25 (95% CI, 0.12–0.37), P < .001; and 0.3 (95% CI, 0.08–0.53), P = .009.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that esmolol reduces lung edema and inflammatory responses in the intraoperative and postoperative periods in animals that underwent LRS with OLV.
Performance of Air Seal of Flexible Reinforced Laryngeal Mask Airway in Thyroid Surgery Compared With Endotracheal Tube: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gong Yahong , Wang Jin , Xu Xiaohan , Li Jianjin , Song Ruiyue , Yi Jie 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (FLMA®) has gained popularity in thyroid surgery, but air leak and displacement are still concerns.

METHODS:
In this randomized, single-blinded, noninferiority, controlled trial, we randomized patients scheduled for elective radical thyroidectomy to an endotracheal tube (ETT) group or a FLMA group. The primary outcomes were ventilation leak volume, peak airway pressure, and partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (Petco
2). Data for primary outcomes were collected after insertion of ETT/FLMA, at incision, and at 10-minute intervals during surgery. Ten milliliters, 5 cm H2O, and 10 mm Hg were used as the noninferiority deltas for ventilation leak volume, peak airway pressure, and Petco
2, respectively. We assessed noninferiority of FLMA to ETT on the primary outcomes over time using the results of a linear mixed-effects model. The position of FLMA mask was evaluated before and after surgery, and the airway complications were recorded.

RESULTS:
A total of 132 patients were included: 65 in ETT group and 67 in FLMA group. Differences (FLMA group minus ETT group) of ventilation leak volume, peak airway pressure, and Petco
2 from the mixed-effects models were 2.09 mL (98.3% confidence interval [CI], –6.46 to 10.64), −0.60 cm H2O (98.3% CI, –2.15 to 0.96), and 1.02 mm Hg (98.3% CI, 0.04–1.99), respectively. Score of fiber-optic position of FLMA was significantly higher after surgery than before. There was no severe shift, loss of the mask seal, regurgitation, or aspiration in the FLMA group. One patient in the FLMA group experienced brief and easily controlled laryngospasm.

CONCLUSIONS:
In thyroid surgery, FLMA is noninferior to ETT in the peak airway pressure and Petco
2 although mild to moderate mask shift could occur during surgical manipulation. There is no evidence for a higher complication rate when FLMA is used.