bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilemmas in Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: To irradiate, medicate, or palliate?
Authors: Lee Melissa H , Moxey Jayne E , McLachlan Sue-Anne , MacIsaac Richard J , Sachithanandan Nirupa 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aims
To explore the challenges in the management of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer.

Introduction
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer. The initial diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and the distinction between benign and neoplastic disease can be challenging. Radioiodine-refractory metastatic DTC also presents a therapeutic dilemma. Novel targeted agents for advanced radioiodine-refractory metastatic thyroid cancer, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are being increasingly used with clinical success, broadening current available therapeutic options.

Case report
We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with radioiodine-refractory metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma, which was initially misdiagnosed as benign Hurthle cell adenoma. We focus on the challenges in both the initial diagnosis and the subsequent management of her advanced disease with skeletal dominant metastases.

Conclusion
The advent of targeted systemic therapies as emerging frontline and salvage therapy is a novel addition to the management of radioiodine-refractory advanced DTC. Further studies to expand the role of sequential and redifferentiation therapy for advanced disease and strategies to reduce skeletalrelated events are still required.

How to cite this article
Lee MH, Moxey JE, McLachlan S-A, MacIsaac RJ, Sachithanandan N. Dilemmas in Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: To irradiate, medicate, or palliate? World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):168-171.
Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery through Vestibular Approach
Authors: Agarwal Amit 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Scarless neck surgery for thyroid became popular after the advancement of endoscopic and robotic thyroid surgery. Different approaches have been practiced for endoscopic thyroid surgery in different parts of the world.

How to cite this article
Chand G, Mishra SK. Transoral Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery through Vestibular Approach. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):179-182.
Surgical Incisions: Balancing Surgical and Cosmetic Outcomes in Head and Neck Oncosurgery
Authors: Tubachi Jagadish , Jainkeri Vivek , Gadagi Vinay , Gunari Prasad 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe oral and oropharyngeal cancer surgery is challenging due to presence of carotid arteries, internal jugular vein and cranial nerves in close proximity to the primary tumor or matastatic lymph node. So surgical incisions should be planned to improve oncologic resection without compromising functional and esthetic outcomes. Macfee and Crile's incision are commonly used in present day oncologic practice. Extension and probable modification of these incisions depending on case scenerio are discussed.How to cite this articleTubachi J, Jainkeri V, Gadagi V, Gunari P. Surgical Incisions: Balancing Surgical and Cosmetic Outcomes in Head and Neck Oncosurgery. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):47-50.
Neurofibroma of Soft Palate: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Smitha SG , Gangaraj Smitha Soubhagya , Shantharam Lakshmi , Vijay Suguna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTNeurofibroma of soft palate is a rare tumor with this report being the fourth case reported in English literature. We are reporting this case of isolated neurofibroma of soft palate for its rarity. The mass was excised by intraoral approach without prior tracheostomy. Histopathological examination showed features of neurofibroma with secondary changes.How to cite this articleThimmaiah AH, Shantharam L, Gangaraj SS, Vijay S. Neurofibroma of Soft Palate: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):109-110.
Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils
Authors: Shoba K , Harikumar B , Jayaganesh P , Srinivasan K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionMaking a protocol is a must to overcome the controversy of doing routine histopathological examination of tonsillectomy specimen.Materials and methodsHistopathological report of 100 consecutive tonsillectomy specimens that reached the pathology department of Saveetha Medical College was analyzed.ResultsHistological examination of the 154 pediatric tonsils showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in all the patients. One specimen had a small cartilaginous choristoma. In the 46 adult tonsils, there were two lymphoma, one extensive osteocartilaginous choristoma, and one epidermoid cyst of tonsil.DiscussionAs the histopathological examination in the pediatric group did not reveal any finding, it can be done only in patients with risk factors. The adult group showed two cases of Hodgkins lymphoma, one epidermoid cyst of tonsil and one osteocartilaginous choristoma tonsil. Hence, we suggest to continue the practice of routine histopathological analysis in adults.ConclusionWe suggest continuing the practice of routine histopathological examination of all adult tonsillectomy specimens.How to cite this articleShoba K, Harikumar B, Jayaganesh P, Srinivasan K. Routine Histopathological Analysis of Pediatric and Adult Tonsils. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):11-12.
Palatal Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Arora Nikhil , Hameed PS Shahul 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSchwannoma is a benign tumor that originates from perineural Schwann cells of nerve sheath. They are solitary, wellencapsulated, slow-growing adjacent to the parental nerve but extrinsic to the nerve fascicles. Approximately 25 to 45% of all schwannomas are seen in the head and neck region and are found rarely in the oral cavity. Most of the intraoral schwannomas are located in the tongue. Palatal schwannoma is very rare as till date and only 16 cases have been reported; one such rare case we came across is reported here.How to cite this articleHameed PSS, Arora N, Malhotra V. Palatal Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):29-31.
Myoepithelioma of Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Bhuie HS , Mathur Navneet , Yogee Arjun N , Choudhary Raman 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMyoepitheliomas are rare benign neoplasms of salivary glands representing less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors. This tumor is usually located in the parotid gland and less frequently in the submandibular gland and minor salivary glands that are distributed throughout the oral cavity. Diagnosis of tumor is based on evaluation of histological feature, although immunohistochemical analysis confirms the myoepithelial origin of tumor cells and the final diagnosis. Herein, a case of plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of soft palate in an adult male is presented along with review of the literature.How to cite this articleYogee AN, Choudhary R, Mathur N, Bhuie HS. Myoepithelioma of Soft Palate: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):32-34.
Unusual Location for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Basisphenoid extended to Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Salimov Asif , Suslu Ahmet E , Ozer Serdar , Yilmaz Taner , Bajin Hatice IY 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with unknown etiology involving abnormal proliferation of histiocytes. We hereby describe an LCH that has a rare location. A 4-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with headache lasting for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an expansile mass on the level of basisphenoid extended to the right parapharyngeal space with dense contrast enhancement. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for biopsy of the mass. Immunohistochemical and pathological studies confirmed LCH diagnosis. This is the first case report of LCH extended to the parapharyngeal space in the current literature.How to cite this articleSalimov A, Suslu AE, Ozer S, Yilmaz T, Bajin HIY. Unusual Location for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Basisphenoid extended to Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):38-40.
Coblation vs Microdebrider-assisted Inferior Turbinoplasty
Authors: Goyal Amit , Kumar Amit , Singh Rahul K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of coblation and microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty in reducing nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH).

Background
A comprehensive search of articles in English language was performed in PubMed using the keywords coblation turbinoplasty, coblation inferior turbinate reduction, microdebrider turbinoplasty, microdebrider assisted inferior turbinate reduction.

Review results
Primary search yielded 41 results with only two fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In both studies, patients were assessed objectively as well as subjectively. Improvement in nasal obstruction was similar in both coblation and microdebrider groups up to 6 months of follow-up in both studies. However, in the study by Lee and Lee (2006) at 12 months postoperative follow-up, microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty patients showed a better improvement in nasal obstruction both objectively on acoustic rhinometry and subjectively as compared with the coblation group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Despite getting better results with microdebriderassisted turbinoplasty in one of the study, it can be safely concluded that longer postsurgical follow-up period with bigger sample size is required to adequately comment on the extra benefit offered by either coblation or microdebrider.

Clinical significance
As and when further research is planned on comparing benefits of different powered instruments for turbinate reduction, it will be wise to prolong the follow-up period with increased sample size.

How to cite this article
Kumar A, Goyal A, Singh RK. Coblation vs Microdebrider-assisted Inferior Turbinoplasty. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):51-52.
Tubercular Dacryocystitis: A Quirky Diagnosis!!
Authors: Gupta Divya , Gulati Achal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTuberculosis of the lacrimal sac is a rare condition even in a place considered endemic to tuberculosis. It is usually suspected with either local or systemically present tubercular lesion or with a history of recurring failure of lacrimal drainage procedures. Failure to identify the ailment may have devastating consequences. We present a case of tubercular dacryocystitis and discuss its clinical spectrum.How to cite this articleGupta D, Gulati A. Tubercular Dacryocystitis: A Quirky Diagnosis!! Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):65-67.
Aggressive Osteoclastoma of Sphenoid Sinus: A Rare Surgical Case Report
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Krishnan G Sundhar 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe giant cell tumor (GCT) or osteoclastoma is considered to be a locally aggressive benign tumor. The GCTs of the cranium represent only 1% of all GCTs and preferentially affect the sphenoid and temporal bones. We report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented with headache and diplopia. Radiological investigation shows a destructive midline mass involving the body of the sphenoid. The tumor was debulked endoscopically and histopathology reported as osteoclastoma of sphenoid sinus. Radiotherapy and zoledronate was given. We report this case due to its extreme aggressive nature of growth, which is a challenge to treat, and unique presentation in teenaged male, which is rare.How to cite this articleKrishnan GS, Kumar N. Aggressive Osteoclastoma of Sphenoid Sinus: A Rare Surgical Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):68-71.
Orbitoethmoid Metallic Foreign Body
Authors: Belsare Gauri , Nair Archana S , Sakhale Snehal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntraorbital foreign body extending to sinuses is rare; often such cases are associated with multiple ocular and orbital morbidities. Retained organic foreign bodies can cause severe inflammation and are detected earlier, whereas inorganic foreign bodies are inert and well tolerated except copper. The management of posteriorly located orbital foreign bodies is a therapeutic dilemma. We report an unusual case of posterior orbital foreign body extending to the ethmoids and sphenoid sinus exclusively removed by transnasal endoscopic approach. Transnasal endoscopic approach can be used as an effective and efficient approach for the removal of orbital foreign bodies lodged on the medial side of the orbit. This approach is recommended in all the cases of foreign bodies in the craniofacial region provided that it is approachable through endoscope and expertise and facilities are available.How to cite this articleBelsare G, Nair AS, Sakhale S. Orbitoethmoid Metallic Foreign Body. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):84-87.
A Rare Case of Postauricular Fistula communicating with the Parotid Duct
Authors: Chaitanya Avinash 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTEmbryological remnants of branchial clefts present as sinuses, cysts, and fistulae. They are usually encountered in the preauricular or postauricular area or high in the neck. Fistulas of the parotid gland are uncommon and result from either ductal or parenchymal injury. In this case report, we present a rare case of parotid fistula with postauricular opening. Fistulous tract was identified with sinogram and removed with 2 cm tract along with superficial parotidectomy.How to cite this articleGupta R, Chaitanya A, Mohindroo NK, Azad R. A Rare Case of Postauricular Fistula communicating with the Parotid Duct. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):109-110.
Plunging Ranula mimicking Extensive Submandibular Gland Abscess: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Razali Mohd Sayuti , Esa Kamaruzaman B 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRanula is a salivary gland cyst that typically presents as localized superficial swelling over the floor of the mouth. Complex or plunging ranulas develop when the mucus extravasation extends through or around the mylohyoid muscle, deeper into the neck, and present with neck lump along with or without swelling over the floor of mouth. It is not a straightforward diagnosis in case of superimposed infection as it will resemble a submandibular gland abscess clinically and radiologically. We report here a case of large plunging ranula, which initially diagnosed radiologically as submandibular gland abscess with extension to parapharyngeal space.How to cite this articleAmiruddin S, Razali MS, Esa KB. Plunging Ranula mimicking Extensive Submandibular Gland Abscess: A Diagnostic Challenge. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):119-121.
Petechial Hemorrhage of Tympanic Membrane in a Case of Attempted Suicide by Hanging: A Sign of Severity
Authors: Kurien Mary , Stephen Vijay , Abraham Shobin S , Naik Paresh P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAssessment of a patient who has attempted suicide by hanging is an important emergency room call for an otorhinolaryngologist. As a norm, it is the neck that is assessed first in such a patient. Here, we discuss the otoscopic findings of petechiae of the tympanic membrane in these patients, which will help in finding the severity of the hanging, which in turn will be helpful to provide round-the-clock careful vigilant care for these patients.How to cite this articleStephen V, Abraham SS, Naik PP, Kurien M. Petechial Hemorrhage of Tympanic Membrane in a Case of Attempted Suicide by Hanging: A Sign of Severity. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):15-16.
Epidemiology of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Umashankar KM , Mukherjee Jayeeta , Cristy Ramya , Seal Bhaskarananda , Ray Chaitali D , Bandyopadhyay Sambhunath , Biswas Jhuma 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe prevalence of infertility in the general population is 15 to 20%. Of this, the male factor is responsible for 20 to 40%. In Indian couples seeking treatment, the male factor is the cause in approximately 23% of the cases. In a World Health Organization multicenter study, 45% of infertile men were found to have either oligozoospermia or azoospermia. A study from a tertiary care hospital in India reported 58% azoospermia and 24% oligozoospermia in infertile men.Aims and objectivesTo analyze the epidemiology of male infertility.ResultsIn this study of 100 cases of male infertility, 64% of the patients are in the age group 25 to 35 years, 31% of the patients are in the age group of >35 to 45 years, 4% of the patients are in the age group of more than 45 years, and 1% of the patients are in the age group of <25 years. Of the total patients, 34% (n = 37) are business people, 5% (n = 5) are clerks, 2% (n = 2) are contractors, 13% (n = 13) are drivers, 2% (n = 2) are factory workers, 6% (n = 6) are farmers, 5% (n = 5)are government workers, 3% (n = 3) each are hotel workers and jute mill workers, and 2% (n = 2) each are laborers, painters, and tea stall workers.ConclusionMale infertility is multifactorial: Age, occupation, and habits have a significant impact on the seminal parameters. Modifiable behaviors like cessation of smoking and alcohol are cost-effective in normalizing the semen parameters and thereby restoring fertility.How to cite this articleUmashankar KM, Mukherjee J, Cristy R, Seal B, Karim R, Ray CD, Bandyopadhyay S, Biswas J. Epidemiology of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):101-106.
Classification of Cesarean Sections in Small Private Maternity Hospitals as assessed by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada)
Authors: Atnurkar Kishore Bhanudasrao , Mahale Arun Ramkrishnarao 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aims
To assess 15 years’ cesarean section data from small private maternity hospitals by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). To identify the groups that need to be focused to reduce the cesarean section rate.

Materials and methods
Classification of 7,342 cesarean section cases carried out over a period of 15 years from different small private maternity hospitals run by a single obstetrician was done using the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). The contribution made by each group and subgroup was studied.

Results
About 50% of cesarean section cases occur in groups 1 and 2. The second largest group was group 5 (28.61%). A little over three-fourth of the contribution (78.12%) was made by nulliparous and previous cesarean section cases done at term with cephalic presentation. About one-tenth of the total cases belonged to the group of multiparous women.

Conclusion
The Modified Robson Criteria give us more clarity and allow perfect targeting. It is necessary to target group 1, 2B, and 5C to bring down the cesarean section rate in private maternity hospitals as the total of these subgroups makes it to little over 60%.

How to cite this article
Atnurkar KB, Mahale AR. Classification of Cesarean Sections in Small Private Maternity Hospitals as assessed by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):107-112.
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Patients presenting with Vaginal Discharge in a Sri Lankan Setting
Authors: Weerasekera Manjula Manoji , Gunasekara TD Chinthika P , Kottachchi Janani , Wijesuriya Tishani Methsela , Bogahawatta Achala 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among women. Due to the emerging role of nonalbicans Candida in VVC, it is important to periodically investigate the proportions of infection caused by different Candida species and antifungal resistance patterns.

Aims
This study aims to determine the frequency of occurrence of VVC in women presenting with vaginal discharge, possible risk factors associated with the disease, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates of Candida.

Materials and methods
High vaginal swabs from 158 women presenting with vaginal discharge at the gynecology clinic of Colombo South Teaching Hospital were studied. Ethical approval was granted from the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura (No.: 722/13). After species identification, antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using a standard disk diffusion technique. Probable risk factors for the infection were assessed using an intervieweradministered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), using chi-square tests. All inferential statistics were tested at p < 0.05.

Results
Candida albicans was isolated in 34 patients (22%), and Candida famata was isolated from one patient. All direct microscopy-positive specimens were also culture positive. All the isolates were susceptible to antifungals tested. Among the study population, oral contraceptives (OCP) were used in 11% (n = 17) of patients (p = 0.001). Fourteen (40%) of 35 Candida positive patients had diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Candida albicans was the commonest species isolated from VVC in a Sri Lankan setting. The infection can safely be treated with commonly used antifungals. Diabetes mellitus and use of OCP are associated risk factors.

How to cite this article
Weerasekera MM, Gunasekara TDCP, Fernando N, Kottachchi J, Wijesuriya TM, Bogahawatta A, Pathiraja R. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Patients presenting with Vaginal Discharge in a Sri Lankan Setting. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):123-126.
Pattern of Changes in Semen Characteristics in Subfertile Males of South Asian Subcontinent: Analysis of 1,000 Semen Samples
Authors: Malhotra Narendra , Mahmud Nusrat , Khan Haroon Latif 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To investigate and compare whether semen quality has changed in South Asian subfertile males attending three different infertility units.

Objectives
To characterize the semen parameters of subfertile men in South Asian region and to study the prevalence of abnormal semen parameters of subfertile males of South Asian subcontinent.

Materials and methods
Study period — January 2014 to December 2014.
Setting:
Centre for Assisted Reproduction, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Malhotra Nursing Home, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
The possible decline in semen parameters related to male fertility was evaluated by determining the volume, sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology in individuals attending infertility clinics. WHO 2004 initially and then WHO 2010 criteria were used to analyze the semen sample.

Results
There was no significant age difference among the participants from three different countries. There was significant increase rate of azoopsermia in all the population groups especially in Bangladeshi population. Necrozospermia (100%) immotile sperm is higher in Pakistani populations compare to Bangladeshis and Indians. Normal sperm parameters (Normozoospermia) rate is compatible in Pakistani and Indian male but lower rate is noted in Bangladeshi population.
No significant changes were noted in oligozospermia group but significant changes in asthenozospermia noted in Bangladeshi population compare two other two countries

Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis were performed by using Statistical Software Package (SAS) version 9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Conclusion
Our finding suggested that the values of sperm parameters were in agreement with WHO criteria, significantly different in subfertile men of this region.
A further study with good quality collaborative long term research should be carried out, including aspects such as semen quality, reproductive hormones and xenobiotics as well as a strict definition of fecundity in this region is needed.

How to cite this article
Mahmud N, Malhotra N, Malhotra J, Khan HL. Pattern of Changes in Semen Characteristics in Subfertile Males of South Asian Subcontinent: Analysis of 1,000 Semen Samples. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):145-148.