bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practise & Belief of Santhara: Right to Die
Authors: Niharika Choudhary , Divyansh Singh 
Published: July 2019

The article seeks to assert that the ritual of Santhara practiced by the followers of Jainism is not a suicide and discerns from the view of the Rajasthan High Court. The authors have used various sources on Santhara for research work and have analysed various case laws on right to die with dignity. At the outset, the article discusses the eminence of Santhara in Jainism. Further, it discusses the foundation of the ‘essential practice’ doctrine through various landmark judgements. The Rajasthan High Court has erred in holding that Santhara is not an essential practice in Jainism, when the same has been proved by Jain ascetics and religious denominations. The High Court ruling also contravenes the Supreme Court judgment, which holds that the right to life includes the right to a dignified life up to the point of death and would also encompass a dignified procedure for death. The article attributes the raison-d'être of the court, to the western perspective, overlooking the religious diversity of the Indian subcontinent and the various practices associated with different religions. Lastly, the article concludes that the Supreme Court needs

* Third Year, BBA LLB, National Law University, Jodhpur, India; niharikac1120@gmail.com
 Third Year, BSc LLB, National Law University, Jodhpur, India; divyansh402@gmail.com

to lay emphasis on the difference between essentially religious and secular practices and re-affirm the right of religious freedom.
MONTEIRO LOBATO ESCREVE DE VOLTA PARA FÁBULAS EUROPEIAS: A EMERGÊNCIA DE UMA LITERATURA INFANTIL QUE VISA A RECUPERAR IDENTIDADES ALTERNATIVAS
Authors: Borges Sandra Helena 
Published: July 2019

O tema deste estudo é a recuperação de identidades alternativas. Dessa forma, objetiva-se investigar, por meio de uma abordagem pós-colonial, os campos de estratégias de contradiscursividade dentro do contradiscurso da fábula A cigarra e as formigas, de Monteiro Lobato, que foi publicada em 1921. A abordagem pós-colonial repensa as profundas limitações da noção de universalismo da cultura humana e sustenta que a identidade cultural e a identidade política são construídas por meio de um processo de alteridade. As estratégias de contradiscursividade mapeiam o discurso dominante, leem e expõem suas premissas subjacentes, que são incoerentes ao ponto de vista transcultural do local imperialmente subjetivado. O suporte teórico foi buscado em Bhabha (1998), Tiffin (1987), Ashcroft, Griffiths e Tiffin (2002), Souza (1996), Santos e Menezes (2010), Foucault (1995, 1996), Ashcroft (2001), Bakhtin (2002), Arroyo (2011), Lobato (1972) e Bagno (2006).
Entre a dissuasão e a cooperação multilateral: os meios militares aeroespaciais brasileiros a serviço da segurança humana | Between deterrence and multilateral cooperation: Brazilian military aerospace resources at the service of human security
Authors: Eneterio Hiller Silva , Ricco Maria Filomena Fontes 
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho se propõe a discutir a aderência do estado brasileiro aos atos de cooperação multilateral sobre a segurança humana, utilizando-se de seus meios de Defesa Nacional. A fim de ser atingido o objetivo dessa pesquisa, foram utilizadas revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que as demandas multilaterais de salvamento estão balizadas pela relação entre governo, forças armadas e acordos internacionais e passaram a ser estabelecidas legalmente, garantindo-se a necessidade de uma mobilização nacional das instituições. Conclui-se que o Sistema Aeronáutico de Busca e Salvamento da FAB é uma ferramenta da expressão do Poder Aeroespacial Brasileiro voltada para salvar vidas humanas e que os documentos de defesa reiteram o envolvimento das forças armadas no atendimento às diversas demandas dos atos internacionais dos quais o país é signatário.Palavras-chave: Integração Regional; Instituições Internacionais; Cooperação Multilateral.ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the adherence of the Brazilian state to acts of multilateral cooperation on human security, using its means of national defense. In order to reach the objective of this research, bibliographical review, documentary research and content analysis were used. The results indicate that the multilateral rescue demands are marked by the relationship between government, armed forces and international agreements and are legally established, guaranteeing the need for a national mobilization of the institutions. It is concluded that the FAB's Aeronautical Search and Rescue System is a tool for the expression of Brazilian Aerospace Power aimed at saving human lives and that the documents of defense reiterate the involvement of the armed forces in meeting the various demands of international acts of which the country is a signatory.Keywords: Regional Integration; International Institutions; Multilateral Cooperation.Recebido em: 11 fev. 2019 | Aceito em: 02 mai. 2019DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2019.40099
PERSPECTIVAS DA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA NO BRASIL: CONSIDERAÇÕES A PARTIR DAS EDIÇÕES DO ENANPEGE (1995/2013)
Authors: Teixeira Vanessa 
Published: July 2019

Esta nota de pesquisa trata sobre as análises realizadas na construção da dissertação de Mestrado, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, pela Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, a qual tem por objetivo destacar as características do principal evento da pós-graduação em Geografia no Brasil, considerado por pesquisadores como espaço privilegiado de debates da área e suas subáreas no nível da pós-graduação – o Encontro Nacional da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação (ENANPEGE). Utilizando-se de entrevistas com ex-presidentes da ANPEGE, anais do ENANPEGE, seus relatórios e atas procurou-se trazer questões e itens constantes nos encontros. É nessa mesma perspectiva, que a escolha temporal do estudo se coloca, assim, na tentativa de visualizar o percurso do encontro enquanto elemento do desenvolvimento do conhecimento da pós-graduação em Geografia brasileiro desde o primeiro encontro.
Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Adolescents With Acute Synthetic Cannabinoid Toxicity
Authors: Anderson Sarah Ann R. , Oprescu Anna M. , P. Calello Diane , Monte Andrew , Dayan Peter S. , Hurd Yasmin L. , Manini Alex F. ,   on behalf of the ToxIC Investigators
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Adolescents represent the largest age group that presents to emergency departments (ED) for synthetic cannabinoid (SC) toxicity; however, the neurotoxic effects of acute SC exposures in this group are understudied. Our aim was to characterize the neuropsychiatric presentation of adolescents with SC-related exposure in the ED compared with those with traditional cannabis exposure.

METHODS:
A multicenter registry of clinical information prospectively collected by medical toxicologists (Toxicology Investigators Consortium Case Registry) was reviewed for adolescents presenting to the ED after SC or cannabis exposure from 2010 through 2018. Associations were measured between drug exposures and neuropsychiatric symptoms and/or signs. Exposures were classified into 4 groups: SC-only exposure, SC-polydrug exposures, cannabis-only exposure, and cannabis-polydrug exposures.

RESULTS:
Adolescents presenting to the ED with SC-only exposure (n = 107) had higher odds of coma and/or central nervous system depression (odds ratio [OR] 3.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–7.75) and seizures (OR 3.89; 95% CI 1.39–10.94) than those with cannabis-only exposure (n = 86). SC-only drug exposure was associated with lower odds of agitation than cannabis-only exposure (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.10–0.34). In contrast, the group with SC-polydrug exposures (n = 38) had higher odds of agitation (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.56–7.44) and seizures (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.80–12.74) than the cannabis-polydrug exposures group (n = 117).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this multisite cohort of US adolescents assessed in the ED, SC exposure was associated with higher odds of neuropsychiatric morbidity than cannabis exposure providing a distinct neurospychiatric profile of acute SC toxicity in adolescents.
Transcription factors MhyFIL1 and MhyFIL3 <i>(Monotropa hypopitys)</i> determine the asymmetric development of above-ground lateral organs in plants
Authors: Shchennikova A. V. , Kamionskaya A. M. , Nezhdanova A. V. , Gavrilova K. S. , Filyushin M. A. , Kochieva E. Z. , Skryabin K. G. 
Published: July 2019

It is believed that the complete mycoheterotroph pinesap Monotropa hypopitys adaptively evolved from a photosynthetic mycorrhizal ancestor, which had lost its photosynthetic apparatus and vegetative organs (stem and leaves). The aerial part of the plant is a reproductive axis with sterile bracts and inflorescence with a flower type canonical for higher plants. The origin of leaves and leaf-like lateral organs is associated, among other factors, with the evolution of the YABBY genes, which are divided into“vegetative” and evolutionarily recent“reproductive” genes, with regard to their expression profiles. The study of the vegetative YABBY genes in pinesap will determine whether their functions (identification of cell identity on the abaxial surface of the lateral organs) are preserved in the leafless plant. In this study, the structural and phylogenetic analysis of the pinesap vegetative genes MhyFIL1 and MhyFIL3 is performed, the main conserved domains and motifs of the encoded proteins are characterized, and it is confirmed that the genes belong to the vegetative clade YABBY3/FIL. The effect of heterologous ectopic expression of the MhyFIL1 and MhyFIL3 genes on the phenotype of transgenic tobacco Nicotiana tabacum is evaluated. The leaves formed by both types of plants, 35S::MhyFIL1 and 35S::MhyFIL3, were narrower than in control plants and were twisted due to the changed identity of adaxial surface cells. Also, changes in the architecture of the aerial part and the root system of transgenic plants, including aberrant phyllotaxis and arrest of the shoot and root apical meristem development, were noted. Some of the 35S::MhyFIL1 and 35S::MhyFIL3 plants died as early as the stage of the formation of the first leaves, others did not bloom, and still others had a greatly prolonged vegetation period and formed fewer flowers than normal ones. The flowers had no visible differences from the control except for fragile pedicles. Thus, the absence of structural changes from the M. hypopitys flower in comparison to autotrophic species and the effect of MhyFIL1/3 heterologous expression on the development of tobacco plants indicate the preservation of the functions of the vegetative YABBY genes by the MhyFIL1/3 genes in pinesap. Moreover, the activity of YABBY transcription factors of the FIL clade in M. hypopitys is not directly related to the loss of the ability of pinesap to form leaves during the evolutionary transition from autotrophic nutrition to heterotrophy.
Conjugacy of two types of phenotypic variability of small-leaved linden
Authors: Baranov S. G. , Zykov I. E. , Kuznetsova D. D. 
Published: July 2019

The properties of five bilaterally symmetrical features of the leaf blades of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in four populations of the Moscow Region in 2014–2017 were studied. The angle trait was excluded, because it possessed the property of directional asymmetry. Instead, a new linear trait was used: the distance between the base of the second vein of the first order and the base of the first vein of the second order on the first vein of the first order. The population difference in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was found only in the first two traits (leaf width and distance between the bases of the first vein of the first order and the second vein of the second order). The largest value of FA was in the urban environment, the smallest was in the rural areas. A weak negative correlation was obtained between the magnitude of linear characteristics and the value of FA, as well as a weak positive correlation relationship between the values of FA in five traits. The first trait had the highest fluctuation variability, and the second one had the highest plastic variability. The regression dependence of the fluctuation variability on the plastic variability (b1 = 0.25, p <0.05) and the dependence of these two types of variability on the interaction of the factors “year” and “site of sampling” were revealed. Thus, the conclusion was made about the conjugacy of two types of variability: fluctuation and plastic. According to the authors, asynchronous growth, competition for light in conditions of high solar activity in 2014–2016 compared to the abnormal wet summer of 2017 led to an increase in FA due to destabilization of mechanisms of growth and regulation of gene expression, which contributed to a decrease in the stability of development. The increase in FA and the decrease in the developmental stability in urban ambient in 2016 could be due to: a)an intensive flow of vehicles in spring and summer, b) a high level of groundwater in this part of the city and c) increased hydrolytic acidity of the soil.
Comparison of brief relaxation and music distraction in the treatment of dental anxiety - a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: D Paul , FC Peedikayil , K Soni , N Dhanesh 
Published: July 2019

Background: Patients with dental anxiety are a heterogeneous group with origins, onset age and manifestations which vary to a great extent between individuals. Among the management options for dental anxiety, non-pharmacological management methods were found to be superior to anxiolytic drug therapies. Medications provide only short term cost effective solutions and an increased patient risk exists due to drug interaction or overdose. Present trend is towards non aversive techniques.Aim and Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of music distraction and brief relaxation method in anxious pediatric patients.Materials and methods: Ninety children of age group of 6-12years were selected randomly by simple random sampling and were divided into three groups with thirty children in each group grouped as - Group A: Control group, Group B: Patients treated with brief relaxation, Group C: Patients treated with music distraction. The patient‘s subjective anxiety recorded using modified version of the self-report Faces Scale by LeBaron et al. Study investigated using two physiological parameters i.e. heart rate and oxygen saturation, measured with pulse oximetery at different intervals. Results: The study result showed the brief relaxation better efficacy than music distraction in reducing anxiety as indicated by both the subjective and objective parameters except oxygen saturation which were used. But music distraction also helps in lowering the anxiety in children when music distraction group was compared with the control group.Conclusion: Our study found out that even though both brief relaxation and music distraction have the ability to reduce dental anxiety in children, brief relaxation showed more potential in reducing anxiety.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE DEMOCRACIA, ATIVISMO E JURISDIÇÃO: O “JUIZ ATLAS” E OS EFEITOS DE SUA ATUAÇÃO NA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS INSERIDOS NA CONSTITUIÇÃO
Authors: Santos Raphael De Souza Almeida 
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo trata da Democracia e das dificuldades que se tem para conceituar adequadamente o instituto. Ao se afastar de idealizações românticas, foram identificadas algumas das ameaças que circundam os regimes democráticos de países ocidentais desenvolvidos e emergentes.A partir disso, o presente trabalho explorou, de forma crítica, o conceito de ativismo e suas implicações para o Estado Democrático de Direito. Partindo da figura do Juiz Hércules elaborada por Dworkin, foi apresentado um outro personagem metafórico no intuito de demonstrar como a sua atuação contribui para déficit democrático existente atualmente no Brasil.
PERANAN PROGRAM BANTUAN BAZNAS BAGIPENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PENERIMA ZAKAT DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN
Authors: A M Muallifurrahmi , Yunani Ahmad 
Published: July 2019

Zakat merupakan salah poin dalam rukun Islam. Apabila syahadat, shalat, puasa, dan haji lebih kepada ibadah ritual individu, maka zakat lebih dominan kepada ibadah sosial, karena dalam zakat terdapat kewajiban seorang muzakki untuk mengeluarkan 2,5% harta yang dimilikinya untuk diberikan kepada mustahik. Zakat bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif solusi dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan dan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat khususnya kaum muslimin yang menjadi mayoritas di negeri ini. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali lebih dalam terhadap program-program Baznas Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan program bantuan modal usaha serta meninjau lebih jauh terhadap praktik dalam pelaksanaan penyalurannya di lapangan.
Dalam rangka mengumpulkan berbagai data yang dibutuhkan, penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field reseach). Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus untuk menjelaskan fenomena tertentu yang ada didalam masyarakat.
Baznas Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan telah berperan aktif dalam pengelolaan Zakat, Infaq dan Shadaqah. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan eksistensi di masyarakat dalam proses pengumpulan hingga pendistribusiannya ditengah masayarakat. Adapun dalam rangka membangun ekonomi yang mandiri pada mustahik Baznas memiliki satu program unggulan yaitu program Hulu Sungai Selatan Makmur (HSS Makmur) dengan konsep bantuan modal usaha kepada mustahik. Manfaat utama dari program HSS Makmur dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat adalah membuat mustahik penerima bantuan modal bisa mandiri secara ekonomi kedepannya, sehingga mustahik yang pada awalnya hanya menerima bantuan zakat pada akhirnya mudah mudahan menjadi muzakki yang mengeluarkan zakat setelah usaha yang dijalankannya berhasil. Secara umum terjadi peningkatan dalam pemasukan dana ‎dalam pengelolaan zakat oleh Baznas Kabupaten HSS dari tahun ‎‎2013 hingga 2017, khusunya berasal dari zakat profesi, zakat maal, ‎infaq dan shadaqah.‎ Secara keseluruhan pada aspekekonomi dan sosial Mustahik yang telah menjalankan dan merasakan hasil dari usahanya berdampak pada kondisi finansial yang lebih baik, khususnya para penerima modal usaha produktif yang ‎usahanya sudah mulai berkembang dan memberdayakan ‎masyarakat sekitarnya tentunya telah memberikan kontribusi ‎positif di masyarakat.
Actual Evapotranspiration Model Based on the Irrigation Volume of the Maize Fields on Alfisols
Authors: Ariyanto Dwi Priyo , Komariah Komariah , Sumani Sumani , Setiawan Ilham 
Published: July 2019

<p>Evapotranspiration data are considered important to determine volume and schedule of the irrigation. The purpose of this study is to determine the actual evapotranspiration model based on the volume of the irrigation to obtain an accurate evapotranspiration value on Alfisols with maize plantation. This research is conducted in the experimental field Jumantono subdistrict, Karanganyar regency by the experiment of the maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) on Alfisols. The evapotranspiration model uses the soil correction factor (x) and the irrigation volume (% ETc). The soil correction factor (X) is calculated by linear regression on actual evapotranspiration (ETa) with crop evapotranspiration (ETc). ETc using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using the <em>Penman-Monteith</em> model. The results showed that ETa was smaller than ETc in all treatments. The models that can be produced in this study are 3 models. All models applied to produce a determination coefficient &gt; 90%, which all models have a positive relationship. The best actual evapotranspiration model was in total model uses ETa = {0.0403 + (0.0085 × Irrigation volume)} × ETc, for daily estimation and total one planting estimation; weekly estimation using the weekly model using ETa = {0.4428 + (0.0054 ×Irrigation volume)}× ETc. The errors of both models are ± 1%.</p>
Landscape-Epidemiological Zoning of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea by Tularemia
Authors: Popov V. P. , Mezentsev V. M. , Antonov A. V. , Shkurin G. P. , Bezsmertny V. E. , Lopatin A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Objective of the study was epizootic-epidemiological zoning of the area of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea by manifestations of tularemia to determine the level of epidemic hazard of each zone.Materials and methods. Utilized were archival data of the Black Sea Plague Control station over the period of 1946–2017 and plague Control Center of the Rospotrebnadzor. With the help of GIS software packages, MapINFO 10.5 and ArcGIS 10.2, the data bases containing the point-like layers of the sites of infection with tularemia (49), isolation of tularemia agent (195), and the layer of landscape-geographical regions in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea were created.Results and discussion. Usage of the geo-information technologies allowed for detailed consideration of tularemia manifestations in different parts of the region. The prospects of applying Arc GIS and MapINFO for geoencoding, processing and creation of geo-information pool of tularemia manifestations over a long period was shown. Vector data of landscapes and sites of epidemics and epizootic manifestations of tularemia on different species of mammals and ticks were generated. The conversion of the database to Microsoft Excel made it possible to make full use of statistical capabilities for epidemiological analysis. The work on epidemiological zoning carried out in the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea starkly illustrated the feasibility of using GIS technologies for those purposes. The results of the analysis allowed for optimization of the mode of epizootiological survey in different parts of the studied region. Advisability of epizootiological inspection and monitoring of the territories with identification of geographical coordinates for epizootic manifestation sites was proved.