bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident muscle stem cells are not required for testosterone-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Englund Davis A. , Peck Bailey D. , Murach Kevin A. , Neal Ally C. , Caldwell Hannah A. , McCarthy John J. , Peterson Charlotte A. , Dupont-Versteegden Esther E. 
Published: July 2019

It is postulated that testosterone-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy is driven by myonuclear accretion as the result of satellite cell fusion. To directly test this hypothesis, we utilized the Pax7-DTA mouse model to deplete satellite cells in skeletal muscle followed by testosterone administration. Pax7-DTA mice (6 mo of age) were treated for 5 days with either vehicle [satellite cell replete (SC+)] or tamoxifen [satellite cell depleted (SC-)]. Following a washout period, a testosterone propionate or sham pellet was implanted for 21 days. Testosterone administration caused a significant increase in muscle fiber cross-sectional area in SC+ and SC- mice in both oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic (plantaris and extensor digitorum longus) muscles. In SC+ mice treated with testosterone, there was a significant increase in both satellite cell abundance and myonuclei that was completely absent in testosterone-treated SC- mice. These findings provide direct evidence that testosterone-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy does not require an increase in satellite cell abundance or myonuclear accretion. Listen to a podcast about this Rapid Report with senior author E. E. Dupont-Versteegden ( https://ajpcell.podbean.com/e/podcast-on-paper-that-shows-testosterone-induced-skeletal-muscle-hypertrophy-does-not-need-muscle-stem-cells /).
Heart failure developed after myocardial infarction does not affect gut microbiota composition in the rat
Authors: Lataro Renata M. , Imori Priscilla F. M. , Santos Emerson S. , Silva Luiz Eduardo V. , Duarte Rubens T. D. , Silva Carlos A. A. , Falcão Juliana P. , Paton Julian F. R. , Salgado Helio C. 
Published: July 2019

There is a body of evidence that supports the notion that gut dysbiosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Decreased cardiac function can reduce intestinal perfusion, resulting in morphological alterations, which may contribute to changes in the gut microbiota composition in patients with heart failure (HF). In this regard, a germane question is whether changes in gut microbiota composition are a cause or consequence of the cardiovascular disturbance. We tested the hypothesis that the development of HF, after myocardial infarction, would cause gut dysbiosis. Fecal samples were collected before and 6 wk after myocardial infarction or sham surgery. Gut microbiota were characterized by sequencing the bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA. The composition of bacterial communities in the fecal samples was evaluated by calculating three major ecological parameters: 1) the Chao 1 richness, 2) the Pielou evenness, and 3) the Shannon index. None of these indices was changed in either sham or HF rats. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was not altered in HF rats. The number of species in each phylum was also not different between sham and HF rats. β-Diversity analysis showed that the composition of gut microbiota was not changed with the development of HF. Bacterial genera were grouped according to their major metabolic end-products (acetate, butyrate, and lactate), but no differences were observed in HF rats. Therefore, we conclude that HF induced by myocardial infarction does not affect gut microbiota composition, at least in rats, indicating that the dysbiosis observed in patients with HF may precede cardiovascular disturbance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrated that, following myocardial infarction in rats, heart failure (HF) development did not affect the intestinal microbiota despite distinct differences reported in the gut microbiota of humans with HF. Our finding is consistent with the notion that dysbiosis observed in patients with HF may precede cardiovascular dysfunction and therefore offers potential for early diagnosis and treatment.
AI-Assisted In Situ Detection of Human Glioma Infiltration Using a Novel Computational Method for Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Juarez-Chambi Ronald M. , Kut Carmen , Rico-Jimenez Jose J. , Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Xi Jiefeng , Campos-Delgado Daniel U. , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Li Xingde , Jo Javier A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
In glioma surgery, it is critical to maximize tumor resection without compromising adjacent noncancerous brain tissue. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, label-free, real-time, high-resolution imaging modality that has been explored for glioma infiltration detection. Here, we report a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted method for automated, real-time, in situ detection of glioma infiltration at high spatial resolution.
Experimental Design: Volumetric OCT datasets were intraoperatively obtained from resected brain tissue specimens of 21 patients with glioma tumors of different stages and labeled as either noncancerous or glioma-infiltrated on the basis of histopathology evaluation of the tissue specimens (gold standard). Labeled OCT images from 12 patients were used as the training dataset to develop the AI-assisted OCT-based method for automated detection of glioma-infiltrated brain tissue. Unlabeled OCT images from the other 9 patients were used as the validation dataset to quantify the method detection performance.

Results:
Our method achieved excellent levels of sensitivity (∼100%) and specificity (∼85%) for detecting glioma-infiltrated tissue with high spatial resolution (16 μm laterally) and processing speed (∼100,020 OCT A-lines/second).

Conclusions:
Previous methods for OCT-based detection of glioma-infiltrated brain tissue rely on estimating the tissue optical attenuation coefficient from the OCT signal, which requires sacrificing spatial resolution to increase signal quality, and performing systematic calibration procedures using tissue phantoms. By overcoming these major challenges, our AI-assisted method will enable implementing practical OCT-guided surgical tools for continuous, real-time, and accurate intraoperative detection of glioma-infiltrated brain tissue, facilitating maximal glioma resection and superior surgical outcomes for patients with glioma.
Nivo-lution in Mesothelioma
Authors: Mansfield Aaron S. , Zauderer Marjorie G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The MERIT study was a single-arm, phase II clinical trial of nivolumab for the second- or third-line treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma in Japan. MERIT confirmed that PD-1 inhibition has activity in mesothelioma and led to the regulatory approval of nivolumab for the treatment of mesothelioma in Japan.
See related article by Okada et al., p. 5485
Tumor Genomic Profiling Guides Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer to Targeted Treatment: The VIKTORY Umbrella Trial
Authors: Lee Jeeyun , Kim Seung Tae , Kim Kyung , Lee Hyuk , Kozarewa Iwanka , Mortimer Peter G.S. , Odegaard Justin I. , Harrington Elizabeth A. , Lee Juyoung , Lee Taehyang , Oh Sung Yong , Kang Jung-Hun , Kim Jung Hoon , Kim Youjin , Ji Jun Ho , Kim Young Saing , Lee Kyoung Eun , Kim Jinchul , Sohn Tae Sung , An Ji Yeong , Choi Min-Gew , Lee Jun Ho , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung , Kim Jae J. , Min Yang Won , Min Byung-Hoon , Kim Nayoung K.D. , Luke Sally , Kim Young Hwa , Hong Jung Yong , Park Se Hoon , Park Joon Oh , Park Young Suk , Lim Ho Yeong , Talasaz AmirAli , Hollingsworth Simon J. , Kim Kyoung-Mee , Kang Won Ki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The VIKTORY (targeted agent eValuation In gastric cancer basket KORea) trial was designed to classify patients with metastatic gastric cancer based on clinical sequencing and focused on eight different biomarker groups (RAS aberration, TP53 mutation, PIK3CA mutation/amplification, MET amplification, MET overexpression, all negative, TSC2 deficient, or RICTOR amplification) to assign patients to one of the 10 associated clinical trials in second-line (2L) treatment. Capivasertib (AKT inhibitor), savolitinib (MET inhibitor), selumetinib (MEK inhibitor), adavosertib (WEE1 inhibitor), and vistusertib (TORC inhibitor) were tested with or without chemotherapy. Seven hundred seventy-two patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and sequencing was successfully achieved in 715 patients (92.6%). When molecular screening was linked to seamless immediate access to parallel matched trials, 14.7% of patients received biomarker-assigned drug treatment. The biomarker-assigned treatment cohort had encouraging response rates and survival when compared with conventional 2L chemotherapy. Circulating tumor (ctDNA) analysis demonstrated good correlation between high MET copy number by ctDNA and response to savolitinib.

Significance:
Prospective clinical sequencing revealed that baseline heterogeneity between tumor samples from different patients affected response to biomarker-selected therapies. VIKTORY is the first and largest platform study in gastric cancer and supports both the feasibility of tumor profiling and its clinical utility.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325
Traumatic Pediatric Extradural Hematoma: An Institutional Study of 228 Patients in Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Faheem Mohd , Jaiswal Manish , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil , Singh Sunil Kumar , Srivastava Chhitij 
Published: July 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Extradural hematoma (EDH) is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity after traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients. Early surgical intervention in these patients produces excellent results. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We reviewed surgical experience at our center, examining and presenting symptomatology and outcome analysis. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A retrospective study of 228 pediatric patients of EDH from July 2007 to August 2017 was performed. Patients were evaluated in terms of demographic profile, clinical features, pupillary size and reaction, computed tomography findings, operative measures, and several other parameters. Neurological status was assessed using motor component (M) of Glasgow Coma Scale score. Best motor response was considered as a criterion to classify severity of traumatic brain injury and for the assessment of outcome. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Most of the patients were in the age group of 13–18 years (<i>n</i> = 122, 53.5%). Majority of them were male (<i>n</i> = 182, 79.8%). The commonest mode of injury was fall from height (<i>n</i> = 116, 50.9%) followed by road traffic accident (<i>n</i> = 92, 40.4%). Most common site of hematoma was frontal region (<i>n</i> = 66, 28.9%) followed by parietal region (<i>n</i> = 54, 23.7%). The volume of hematoma was between 30 and 50 mL in majority of the patients (n = 186, 81.6%), and most of the patients had a motor responses of M5 (<i>n</i> = 88, 38.6%) and M6 (<i>n</i> = 108, 47.4%). The association between hematoma site and volume was not significant (χ<sup>2</sup> = 5.910, <i>p</i> = 0.749), whereas statistically significant association was noted between volume of hematoma and motor response (χ<sup>2</sup> = 93.468, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), volume and age (χ<sup>2</sup> = 7.380, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), and volume to time between trauma and surgery (χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.469, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Maximum mortality was in patients of low motor (M1–M3) response and who were operated 24 h after injury. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Mortality in patients of EDH can be significantly reduced with gratifying results if operated early. Best motor response at presentation, pupillary abnormalities, time between injury to surgery, and location of hematoma have been identified as the important factors determining outcome in patients of EDH.
Effect of Rivastigmine (Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitor) versus Placebo on Manic Episodes in Patients with Bipolar Disorders: Results from a Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Keshavrzi Amir , Rezaei Hadi , Haghighi Mohammad , Jahangard Leila 
Published: July 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> To treat patients with bipolar disorders (BPD) during the acute phase, the standard procedure is to administer lithium or sodium valproate. To further optimize treatment, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil and galantamine have gained increased interest, though with conflicting results. In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we investigated whether, and to what extent, adjuvant rivastigmine might improve symptoms of mania in patients with BPD during the acute manic phase. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 70 patients with BPD in an acute state of mania (mean age 33.8 years; 24% females) took part in this study. After a thorough clinical interview, standard treatment consisted of 20mg/kg/day of sodium valproate; next, patients were randomly assigned either to the adjuvant rivastigmine or to the placebo condition. The study duration was 24 days. The dose of rivastigmine was 1.5 mg for the first 7 days and 3 mg from day 8 to day 24. Experts blind to the patients’ study condition rated patients’ mania scores, symptom severity, and symptom improvements at baseline (except symptom improvements) and 4, 8, 12, and 24 days after the beginning of this study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Symptoms of mania improved over time, but more so in the adjuvant rivastigmine compared to the placebo condition. Greater improvements were observed from day 8 on. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The pattern of results from the present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study suggests that adjuvant rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, improved symptoms of mania among a larger sample of inpatients with BPD and in the acute manic state. However, the improvements were modest, and the results should be replicated and above all balanced against side effects.
Major Histocompatibility Complex–Matched Arteries Have Similar Patency to Autologous Arteries in a Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex–Defined Transplant Model
Authors: Maufort John P. , Israel Jacqueline S. , Brown Matthew E. , Kempton Steve J. , Albano Nicholas J. , Zeng Weifeng , Kelnhofer Laurel E. , Reynolds Matthew R. , Perrin Elizabeth S. , Sanchez Ruston J. , Slukvin Igor I. , Thomson James A. , Poore Samuel O. 
Published: July 2019

Background
Arterial bypass and interposition grafts are used routinely across multiple surgical subspecialties. Current options include both autologous and synthetic materials; however, each graft presents specific limitations. Engineering artificial small‐diameter arteries with vascular cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a useful therapeutic solution. Banking induced pluripotent stem cells from rare individuals who are homozygous for human leukocyte antigen alleles has been proposed as a strategy to facilitate economy of scale while reducing the potential for rejection of induced pluripotent stem cell–derived transplanted tissues. Currently, there is no standardized model to study transplantation of small‐diameter arteries in major histocompatibility complex–defined backgrounds.

Methods and Results
In this study, we developed a limb‐sparing nonhuman primate model to study arterial allotransplantation in the absence of immunosuppression. Our model was used to compare degrees of major histocompatibility complex matching between arterial grafts and recipient animals with long‐term maintenance of patency and function. Unexpectedly, we (1) found that major histocompatibility complex partial haplomatched allografts perform as well as autologous control grafts; (2) detected little long‐term immune response in even completely major histocompatibility complex mismatched allografts; and (3) observed that arterial grafts become almost completely replaced over time with recipient cells.

Conclusions
Given these findings, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived tissue‐engineered blood vessels may prove to be promising and customizable grafts for future use by cardiac, vascular, and plastic surgeons.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Fallenius Marika , Skrifvars Markus B. , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Curtze Sami , Sibolt Gerli , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Raj Rahul 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
We compared clinical and radiological predictors of long-term mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) needing intensive care.

Methods—
A retrospective multicenter study of adult ICH patients treated in Finnish tertiary hospital’s intensive care units during 2003 to 2013. We created 3 multivariable models (clinical, radiological, and combined clinical-radiological) for 12-month mortality prediction and compared their areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs). We analyzed supratentorial and infratentorial ICHs separately.

Results—

Of 972 patients (796 supratentorial ICH, 176 infratentorial ICH) included, 43% died within 12 months (42% supratentorial ICH, 49% infratentorial ICH). For all patients, the clinical model (AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.81–0.86) outperformed the radiological model (AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70–0.77;
P
<0.001), yet the combined model (AUC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.83–0.88) outperformed both condensed models (
P
<0.001). For supratentorial ICH, the combined model outperformed both the clinical and radiological models (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.81–0.87 versus AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.79–0.85 and AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.69–0.77;
P
<0.001 for all). For infratentorial ICH patients, the combined model significantly outperformed the radiological model but not the clinical model (AUC, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96 versus AUC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69–0.83 versus AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87–0.95;
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.433, respectively).

Conclusions—
Clinical factors were more important than objective radiological factors for 12-month mortality prediction in intensive care unit–treated ICH patients. The effect of clinical and radiological factors on outcome was different for supratentorial and infratentorial ICHs stressing that these should not be treated as one entity.
Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Scandinavia and Southern Europe
Authors: Rodriguez Martinez Pilar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article will focus on the significant differences shown by the data found by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) survey of women who may or may not have suffered physical Intimate Partner Violence against Women (IPVAW). The authors present the model and result of the discriminant function analysis that they carried out separately for the countries from southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, and Malta) and Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, and Sweden). Their hypotheses were that women with less income, lower educational level, who are divorced, who have children, are from rural areas, who are housewives, with bad health, older aged, immigrants, and those who had suffered some physical violence from other people – apart from the partner or ex-partner –, will suffer more violence than the rest of women. One of the most relevant conclusions from their analysis was this: the more often a woman experienced physical violence from someone other than a partner/ex-partner beginning at the age of 15 years old, the more probable it will be that she will suffer IPVAW. The authors discuss this and other significant findings here.
Characteristics of Some Turkic Garshuni Texts Preserved in an 18th Century Chaldean Prayer Book
Authors: Karlsson Jonas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article presents the Turkic Garshuni prayers found in the 18th century Chaldean manuscript Uppsala O Hebr. 47. Out of a total of eight prayers, five have previously been described in the scholarly literature and three are here presented for the first time. The previously described prayers are compared to other (manuscript) witnesses with respect to orthography and textual tradition, and the new prayers are also briefly introduced. Then the orthography used for writing Turkic Garshuni in Uppsala O Hebr. 47 is discussed in more general terms. It is suggested that two different orthographic traditions are represented in the manuscript: one where ʿayn is used as a mater lectionis and ḥēṯ is used as a homophone of kāf with rukkāḵā, and one in which these features are absent. Different ways of writing /ŋ/ are also commented on.
Talitrid amphipods from India, East Africa and the Red Sea (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitroidea, Talitridae)
Authors: LOWRY J.K. , SPRINGTHORPE R.T. 
Published: July 2019

Two new coastal talitrid genera are described, Austropacifica gen. nov., known from tropical Australia, Papua New Guinea and the south-western Pacific Ocean and Gazia gen. nov., ranging from East Africa to the Caribbean Sea. Two new species of coastal talitrids are described: Gazia gazi gen. nov., sp. nov. from Gazi Bay, Kenya and Talorchestia anakao sp. nov. from western Madagascar. The species known as Talorchestia affinis Maccagno, 1936 is redescribed and its distribution is extended from the western coast of the Red Sea to Kenya based on new collections. Talitrid generic and species level diversity in the Indo Pacific is discussed and a dichotomous key to all known species of Talorchestia is provided.
Horizontal Meandering as a Distinctive Feature of the Stable Boundary Layer
Authors: Mortarini L. , Cava D. , Giostra U. , Costa F. Denardin , Degrazia G. , Anfossi D. , Acevedo O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOscillations in the horizontal components of the wind velocity associated with oscillations in air temperature during low–wind speed episodes are ubiquitous in the stable boundary layer and are labeled as wind meandering. The meandering structure is recognizable by a clear negative lobe in the Eulerian autocorrelation functions of the horizontal wind velocity components and of the sonic temperature and by a corresponding peak at low frequency in the velocity components and temperature spectra. These distinctive features are used to isolate meandering occurrences and to study its properties in relation to the classical description of the planetary stable boundary layer. It is shown that the ratio of the variance of the wind velocity vertical component over the variance of the composite of the wind velocity horizontal components splits the frequency distribution of meandering and nonmeandering events and divides the nocturnal boundary layer in two different regimes characterized by different turbulent properties. The data comparison with a turbulence model based on Rotta return to isotropy showed that meandering and nonmeandering cases may have similar dynamics. This suggests that meandering may not be connected to a laminarization of the flow and shows that the Rotta scheme may still describe the energetic transfer between wind velocity components in the very stable boundary layer if the Rotta similarity constant c depends on the flux Richardson number. The data confirm a c value of 2.2 for Rif = 0 compatible with its conventional value. The analysis presented refers to one year of continuous measurements on 10 levels carried out at a coastal site in southeastern Brazil.
The Effect of Beta on the Downstream Development of Unstable, Chaotic Baroclinic Waves
Authors: Pedlosky Joseph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe weakly unstable, two-layer model of baroclinic instability is studied in a configuration in which the flow is perturbed at the inflow section of a channel by a slow and periodic perturbation. In a parameter regime where the governing equation would be the Lorenz equations for chaos if the development occurs only in time, the solution behavior becomes considerably more complex as a function of time and downstream coordinate. In the absence of the beta effect it has earlier been shown that the chaotic behavior along characteristics renders the solution nearly discontinuous in the slow downstream coordinate of the asymptotic model. The additional presence of the beta effect, although expunging the chaos for large enough values of the beta parameter, also provides an additional mechanism for abrupt spatial change.