bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T4 + T3 combination therapy: any progress?
Authors: Wiersinga Wilmar M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Guidelines on T4 + T3 combination therapy were published in 2012. This review investigates whether the issue is better understood 7 years later. Dissatisfaction with the outcome of T4 monotherapy remains high. Persistent symptoms consist mostly of fatigue, weight gain, problems with memory and thinking and mood disturbances. T4 monotherapy is associated with low serum T3 levels, which often require TSH-suppressive doses of L-T4 for normalization. Peripheral tissue thyroid function tests during T4 treatment indicate mild hyperthyroidism at TSH < 0.03 mU/L and mild hypothyroidism at TSH 0.3–5.0 mU/L; tissues are closest to euthyroidism at TSH 0.03–0.3 mU/L. This is explained by the finding that whereas T4 is usually ubiquinated and targeted for proteasomal degradation, hypothalamic T4 is rather stable and less sensitive to ubiquination. A normal serum TSH consequently does not necessarily indicate a euthyroid state. Persistent symptoms in L-T4 treated patients despite a normal serum TSH remain incompletely understood. One hypothesis is that a SNP (Thr92Ala) in DIO2 (required for local production of T3 out of T4) interferes with its kinetics and/or action, resulting in a local hypothyroid state in the brain. Effective treatment of persistent symptoms has not yet realized. One may try T4 + T3 combination treatment in selected patients as an experimental n = 1 study. The 2012 ETA guidelines are still valid for this purpose. More well-designed randomized clinical trials in selected patients are key in order to make progress. In the meantime the whole issue has become rather complicated by commercial and political overtones, as evident from skyrocketing prices of T3 tablets, aggressive pressure groups and motions in the House of Lords.
Accelerometer‐determined physical activity and cognitive function in middle‐aged and older adults from two generations of the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Spartano Nicole L. , Demissie Serkalem , Himali Jayandra J. , Dukes Kimberly A. , Murabito Joanne M. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPhysical activity (PA) may play a role in maintenance of cognitive function in both middle and older ages and prevention of outcomes such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease.MethodsCross‐sectional regression analyses were performed in Framingham Heart Study Third Generation (n = 1861) and Offspring (n = 909) cohort participants assessing the association of accelerometry‐measured PA with cognitive function, adjusting for age, sex, accelerometer wear time, education, occupational status/PA, and smoking status.ResultsIn each cohort, achieving just 10–21.4 min/day moderate‐to‐vigorous PA related to better executive function (P < .02); and just 10 min/day moderate‐to‐vigorous PA was associated with better verbal memory in middle‐aged adults in the Third Generation cohort (P = .02). In older adults of the Offspring cohort, total PA (measured in steps/day) was associated with better executive function (P < .02).DiscussionPA at levels lower than the current PA Guidelines (just 10 min/day moderate‐to‐vigorous PA and total PA including lower intensity PA) were associated with better cognitive function.
EXISTENTIALLY CLOSED BROUWERIAN SEMILATTICES
Authors: CARAI LUCA , GHILARDI SILVIO 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe variety of Brouwerian semilattices is amalgamable and locally finite; hence, by well-known results [19], it has a model completion (whose models are the existentially closed structures). In this article, we supply a finite and rather simple axiomatization of the model completion.
Approaches to Determine reservoir effects in ELK/MOOSE
Authors: Philippsen Bente 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe elk/moose (Alces alces) was an important resource for prehistoric societies. In prehistoric art, it is often depicted in connection with water. Biologists find that elk spend much time in water and consume considerable amounts of aquatic plants. As freshwater plants can have reservoir ages of hundreds or even thousands of years, there is a risk of a significant reservoir effect in elk bones and antler, and artifacts made of these materials. This pilot study followed several approaches to investigate the possibility of a freshwater reservoir effect in elk. I analyzed modern, historical and archaeological bones and antler from several sites across Eurasia. Skull bone and antler of the same individual were radiocarbon dated, as antler is formed in summer, when the proportion of aquatic diet is supposed to be highest. Age offsets measured in this study were zero to about 500 years. A difference between bone and antler could not be determined. The reservoir effect appears to be smaller than estimated from accounts of elk diet, even in regions where a substantial freshwater reservoir effect is expected. Therefore, the hypothesis of a large proportion of aquatic diet can be rejected for several of the individuals studied here.
Partner faithfulness and sexual reproductive health practices in Botswana: does perception of partner infidelity influence sexual risk behaviours of people aged 10–34 years?
Authors: Bowelo Motsholathebe , Rakgoasi Serai Daniel , Keetile Mpho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to test whether perception of partner infidelity prompts people to adopt behaviour that is meant to compensate for the increased risk of infection posed by their partner’s infidelity; or whether it prompts people to engage in behaviour that magnifies the risk associated with partner infidelity. Data used were derived from the fourth and latest Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS IV) conducted in 2013. The sample consisted of 6985 people aged 10–34 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with perception of partner infidelity and sexual risk behaviours. Perception of partner infidelity with the current and most recent partner was 39.6% while perception of partner infidelity with other previous sexual partners was 79.9%. The main socio-demographic factors associated with perception of partner infidelity were being a man, being single and having secondary education, while sexual risk behaviours associated with perception of partner infidelity were having multiple sexual partners and being involved in multiple concurrent sexual partnerships. These relationships were statistically significant at the 5% level. Botswana’s HIV prevention strategies should seek to improve partner communication within relationships in order to enhance people’s confidence and skills so as to minimize perceptions of infidelity.
The narrative macrostructure production of Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers: Within- and cross-language relations
Authors: Bitetti Dana , Hammer Carol Scheffner , López Lisa M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite the importance of understanding the narrative abilities of bilingual children, minimal research has focused on Spanish–English bilingual preschoolers. Therefore, this study examined the cross-language macrostructure and within-language microstructure relations in the English and Spanish narratives of bilingual preschoolers and examined whether language dominance impacted these relations. Narratives were elicited from 200 preschool-aged children of Latino heritage. Microstructure measures included the number of different words, the mean length of utterance in words, and the subordination index. The narrative scoring scheme measured macrostructure (Heilmann, Miller, Nockerts, & Dunaway, 2010). Using standardized language testing of expressive vocabulary and sentence comprehension, the children were classified into two groups: balanced dominance and Spanish dominant. Results revealed that English macrostructure and Spanish macrostructure were not related after controlling for microstructure measures within languages. Children’s microstructure abilities in each language were strongly related to their macrostructure abilities within that language. Dominance did not moderate these relations. Consistent with previous research on school-age children, vocabulary was a unique predictor of macrostructure production. This study highlights the additional importance of utterance length within both languages to macrostructure during the preschool years. The absence of unique cross-language macrostructure relations and the absence of dominance group moderation may have been due to the immaturity of the children’s narratives.
Dietary patterns are associated with premenstrual syndrome: evidence from a case-control study
Authors: MoradiFili Bahareh , Ghiasvand Reza , Pourmasoumi Makan , Feizi Awat , Shahdadian Farnaz , Shahshahan Zahra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectives:Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common cyclic psychological and somatic disorder which reduces women’s quality of life. Evidence regarding the association between dietary patterns (DPs) and PMS is rare. The study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and PMS.Design:The case-control study was conducted among women with confirmed PMS and healthy individuals recruited from healthcare centres.Setting:Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and DPs were derived using principal component analysis. The association between DPs and likelihood of PMS was determined using logistic regression.Participants:In total, 225 women with PMS and 334 healthy participants aged 20–46 years took part in the study.Results:Three major DPs were identified: (i) ‘western DP’ characterized by high intake of fast foods, soft drink, and processed meats; (ii) ‘traditional DP’ in which eggs, tomato sauce, fruits, and red meat were highly loaded; and (iii) ‘healthy DP’ high in dried fruits, condiments and nuts. After taking all possible confounders into account, individuals in the highest tertile of the western DP were more likely to experience PMS (odds ratio (OR) = 1·49; 95 % CI: 1·01, 3·52),P< 0·001), whilst both healthy and traditional DP was inversely associated with the syndrome (OR = 0·31; 95 % CI: 0·17, 0·72,P= 0·02; OR = 0·33; 95 % CI: 0·14, 0·77,P= 0·01, respectively).Conclusion:The western dietary patterns were positively associated with PMS, whilst the healthy and traditional dietary patterns were inversely associated with it. Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings.
Does Deliberative Education Increase Civic Competence? Results from a Field Experiment
Authors: Persson Mikael , Andersson Klas , Zetterberg Pär , Ekman Joakim , Lundin Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow should education be structured to most effectively increase civic outcomes such as political knowledge and democratic values? We present results from a field experiment in which we compare the effects of deliberative education and traditional teacher-centered education. The study is the largest field experiment on deliberative education to date and involved more than 1,200 students in 59 classrooms. We test the effects on four forms of civic competence: political knowledge, political interest, democratic values, and political discussion. In contrast to previous research, we find little evidence that deliberative education significantly increases civic competence.
Variability of Quasilinear Diffusion Coefficients for Plasmaspheric Hiss
Authors: Watt C. E. J. , Allison H. J. , Meredith N. P. , Thompson R. L. , Bentley S. N. , Rae I. J. , Glauert S. A. , Horne R. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the outer radiation belt, the acceleration and loss of high‐energy electrons is largely controlled by wave‐particle interactions. Quasilinear diffusion coefficients are an efficient way to capture the small‐scale physics of wave‐particle interactions due to magnetospheric wave modes such as plasmaspheric hiss. The strength of quasilinear diffusion coefficients as a function of energy and pitch angle depends on both wave parameters and plasma parameters such as ambient magnetic field strength, plasma number density, and composition. For plasmaspheric hiss in the magnetosphere, observations indicate large variations in the wave intensity and wave normal angle, but less is known about the simultaneous variability of the magnetic field and number density. We use in situ measurements from the Van Allen Probe mission to demonstrate the variability of selected factors that control the size and shape of pitch angle diffusion coefficients: wave intensity, magnetic field strength, and electron number density. We then compare with the variability of diffusion coefficients calculated individually from colocated and simultaneous groups of measurements. We show that the distribution of the plasmaspheric hiss diffusion coefficients is highly non‐Gaussian with large variance and that the distributions themselves vary strongly across the three phase space bins studied. In most bins studied, the plasmaspheric hiss diffusion coefficients tend to increase with geomagnetic activity, but our results indicate that new approaches that include natural variability may yield improved parameterizations. We suggest methods like stochastic parameterization of wave‐particle interactions could use variability information to improve modeling of the outer radiation belt.
Modeling the Inception of Supercontinent Breakup: Stress State and the Importance of Orogens
Authors: Huang Chuan , Zhang Nan , Li Zheng‐Xiang , Ding Min , Dang Zhuo , Pourteau Amaury , Zhong Shijie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe relative significance of various geodynamic mechanisms that drive supercontinent breakup is unclear. A previous analysis of extensional stress during supercontinent breakup demonstrated the importance of the plume‐push force relative to the dragging force of subduction retreat. Here, we extend the analysis to basal traction (shear stress) and cross‐lithosphere integrations of both extensional and shear stresses, aiming to understand more clearly the relevant importance of these mechanisms in supercontinent breakup. More importantly, we evaluate the effect of preexisting orogens (mobile belts) in the lithosphere on supercontinent breakup process. Our analysis suggests that a homogeneous supercontinent has extensional stress of 20–50 MPa in its interior (<40° from the central point). When orogens are introduced, the extensional stress in the continents focuses on the top 80‐km of the lithosphere with an average magnitude of ~160 MPa, whereas at the margin of the supercontinent the extensional stress is 5–50 MPa. In both homogeneous and orogeny‐embedded cases, the subsupercontinent mantle upwellings act as the controlling factor on the normal stress field in the supercontinent interior. Compared with the extensional stress, shear stress at the bottom of the supercontinent is 1–2 order of magnitude smaller (0–5 MPa). In our two end‐member models, the breakup of a supercontinent with orogens can be achieved after the first extensional stress surge, whereas for a hypothetical supercontinent without orogens it starts with more diffused local thinning of the continental lithospheric before the breakup, suggesting that weak orogens play a critical role in the dispersal of supercontinents.
Optimizing the Use of Carbonate Standards to Minimize Uncertainties in Clumped Isotope Data
Authors: Kocken Ilja J. , Müller Inigo A. , Ziegler Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClumped isotopes provide a theory‐based proxy to reconstruct formation temperatures of carbonates. With the introduction of the empirical transfer function (ETF) and several carbonate standards, interlaboratory comparison has become achievable. Due to the rare occurrence of the multiply substituted isotopologues, the analytical precision of these measurements is very low. In order to improve precision, we investigate the optimal strategy for the conversion into the absolute reference frame using a simulation approach. We find that changing the relative proportions of the standards to include more standards that are closer to the unknown target Δ47 value can greatly improve attainable precision. The inclusion of a hypothetical 4 °C standard results in only modest improvements in final temperature estimates for Earth surface temperature (0 and 40 °C) samples, indicating that the set of ETH‐1–3 standards is suitable for most applications. Full interpolation between two subsequent hypothetical standards, with Δ47 values of CO2 equilibrated at 1000 and 25 °C, results in modest improvements for samples with extreme Δ47 values. With a more optimal distribution of standards it is possible to measure more sample replicates before the uncertainty derived from the ETF becomes limiting. We provide suggestions for the optimal distribution of standards for all target sample Δ47 values and the R code to perform these simulations based on different laboratory settings. These optimizations can also be applied for ETFs using heated and equilibrated gases. We demonstrate numerically how optimizing the distribution and relative abundance of standards can increase measurement precision.
The End of the Wait for Climate Sensitivity?
Authors: Sanderson Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Earth system responds on a range of timescales to a change in radiative forcing, and full equilibration takes centuries to millennia in many models. In their recent paper, Saint‐Martin et. al (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083031) propose a technique for reaching a faster equilibrium temperature response to alternative CO2 concentration levels by briefly overshooting the desired concentration level to warm the deep ocean faster than a conventional step change experiment. Understanding how these timescales interact is essential for better representing the relationship between transient climate change and the warming which should be expected as greenhouse gas concentrations stabilize. But the technique also raises new possibilities about how Earth System Models could be developed and whether we could gain the capacity to spin‐up alternative model configurations such as perturbed parameter simulations or alternative control states to explore historical forcing uncertainty.
Small Phytoplankton Shapes Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Organelli Emanuele , Claustre Hervé 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASTG) is a model of the future ocean under climate change. Ocean warming signals are hidden within the blue color of these clear waters and can be tracked by understanding the dynamics among phytoplankton chlorophyll ([Chl]) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). In NASTG, [Chl] and CDOM are strongly correlated. Yet, this unusual correlation for open oceans remains unexplained. Here, we test main hypotheses by analyzing high spatiotemporal resolution data collected by Biogeochemical‐Argo floats between 2012 and 2018. The direct production of CDOM via phytoplankton metabolism is the main occurring mechanism. More importantly, CDOM dynamics strongly depend on the abundance of picophytoplankton. Our findings thus highlight the critical role of these small organisms under the ocean warming scenario. Picophytoplankton will enhance the production of colored dissolved compounds and, ultimately, impact on the ocean carbon cycle.
Identifying and Dating the Destruction of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs Using Secondary Chemical Remanent Magnetization
Authors: Zhang Yong , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Jia Dong , Wei Guoqi , Xia Bin , Wen Bin , Wang Maomao , Liu Weiliang , Brzozowski Matthew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDestructive processes are thought to be common in pre‐Cenozoic oil‐gas reservoirs. The timing, mechanism, and even identification of these processes, however, are difficult to clearly characterize, which obscures the evolution of such systems and the assessment of oil and gas reserves. Here, we reveal a new link between secondary chemical remanent magnetization acquisition and tectonically driven destruction of hydrocarbon reservoirs, which can be used to date the destructive processes and identify their tectonic controls. We performed a detailed paleomagnetic analysis of rocks from a typical destroyed reservoir (Majiang reservoir, China) and combined these data with scanning electronic microscope imaging and strontium isotope, total organic carbon, and clay analysis. We found that the Late Triassic syntilting secondary chemical remanent magnetizations of source and reservoir rocks resulted from the destructive processes driven by the Indosinian orogeny. We therefore argue that palaeomagnetic methods can be used to constrain destructive events within hydrocarbon reservoirs worldwide.
Parathethys Last Gasp in Central Asia and Late Oligocene Accelerated Uplift of the Pamirs
Authors: Wang Xin , Carrapa Barbara , Chapman James B. , Henriquez Susana , Wang Mi , DeCelles Peter G. , Li Zaijun , Wang Fei , Oimuhammadzoda Ilhomjon , Gadoev Mustafo , Chen Fahu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Tajik Basin record the history of retreat of the Paratethys from central Asia, tectonic activity within the surrounding Pamir and Tian Shan mountains, and Asian aridification. However, there remains a paucity of precise chronological constraints on the sequences from this region. Here we present integrated magnetostratigraphic, detrital zircon and monazite U‐Pb geochronologic, and detrital apatite fission track thermochronologic data from the lower Cenozoic sedimentary sequences in the Tajik Basin. Our results indicate that the investigated sedimentary rocks were deposited between ~41 and 23.3 Ma, with a depositional hiatus between ~36 and 31 Ma. The last two marine regressions were dated at ~41 and ~37.4 Ma, respectively. Eolian sandy loess dominates the sequences from ~31 to ~25 Ma and gradually transitions to fluvial facies after ~25 Ma, consistent with late Oligocene to early Miocene acceleration of active deformation, uplift, and exhumation of the Pamirs.
Assessing Uncertainty in the Dynamical Ice Response to Ocean Warming in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica
Authors: Nias Isabel J. , Cornford Stephen L. , Edwards Tamsin L. , Gourmelen Noel , Payne Antony J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIce mass loss from the Amundsen Sea Embayment ice streams in West Antarctica is a major source of uncertainty in projections of future sea level rise. Physically based ice flow models rely on a number of parameters that represent unobservable quantities and processes, and accounting for uncertainty in these parameters can lead to a wide range of dynamic responses. Here we perform a Bayesian calibration of a perturbed parameter ensemble, in which we score each ensemble member on its ability to match the magnitude and broad spatial pattern of present‐day observations of ice sheet surface elevation change. We apply an idealized melt rate forcing to extend the most likely simulations forward to 2200. We find that diverging grounding line response between ensemble members drives an exaggeration in the upper tail of the distribution of sea level rise by 2200, demonstrating that extreme future outcomes cannot be excluded.