bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal predictors of objectively measured appetite regulation in low‐income toddlers and preschool‐age children
Authors: Boone‐Heinonen Janne , Weeks Heidi M. , Sturza Julie , Miller Alison L. , Lumeng Julie C. , Bauer Katherine W. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrenatal nutrition impacts offspring appetite regulation in animal models. However, evidence from humans is scarce.ObjectiveTo determine associations between indicators of prenatal nutrition and appetite regulation among young children.MethodsParticipants included 454 low‐income mother/child dyads (mean child age = 45.2 months [SD = 9.7]). Children's appetite regulation was ascertained with the maternal‐reported Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and objectively assessed using the Eating in the Absence of Hunger protocol. Using hierarchical linear regression, we modelled child appetite regulation measures as a function of prenatal nutrition indicators (child birthweight z scores [BWz, BWz2]; maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index [BMI], gestational weight gain [GWG]), adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsAmong girls, higher and lower birthweight were associated with greater energy consumed in the absence of hunger, primarily sweet foods, coeff (95% CI): BWz 0.17 (0.05, 0.28), BWz2 0.15 (0.04, 0.26), but not food responsiveness or food enjoyment. Higher birthweight was also associated with greater satiety responsiveness among girls. Among boys, birthweight was unrelated to measures of appetite regulation. Associations between maternal BMI and GWG and child appetite regulation were inconsistent.ConclusionsAmong low‐income girls, but not boys, indicators of adverse prenatal conditions were associated with poor objectively measured appetite regulation during early childhood.
Gut IgA abundance in adult life is a major determinant of resistance to dextran sodium sulfate‐colitis and can compensate for the effects of inadequate maternal IgA received by neonates
Authors: Gupta Suman , Basu Srijani , Bal Vineeta , Rath Satyajit , George Anna 
Published: June 2019

SummaryStudies with gene‐deficient and gnotobiotic mice have identified many host and microbial factors that contribute to induced colitis, but information on whether specific factors determine susceptibility under more physiological conditions is lacking. Using wild‐type strains that differ in their IgA response but harbor a diverse gut microbiome, we found that the IgA‐high strain CBA/CaJ (CBA) is resistant to acute colitis induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), unlike the IgA‐low strain C57BL/6 (B6). Resistance was associated with extensive IgA‐coating of fecal bacteria, lower fecal bacterial loads and greater abundance of barrier‐protective transcripts in colonic tissues under homeostatic conditions. Fecal microbial transplant (FT) experiments revealed that disease induction in B6 mice was associated with a cohort of bacteria that are not targeted by IgA. However, CBA mice continued to be resistant to colitis induction following FTs from B6 mice, indicating that they are able to contain such colitogenic members. In support of a role for bacterial exclusion in resistance, oral administration of immunoglobulins decreased DSS‐induced disease in B6 mice. In F1 mice derived separately with CBA and B6 dams and in F1 mice backcrossed to the two parental strains, resistance segregated with the IgA response of the pups and not with barrier‐associated transcripts or bacterial loads. Interestingly, B6 pups foster‐nursed on CBA dams continued to be susceptible in later life, whereas CBA pups foster‐nursed on B6 dams continued to be resistant. Together, the data indicate that a high‐IgA response in adult life can protect against colitis and compensate for IgA deficiency in early life.
Emotional intelligence a academic procrastination among junior college nursing students
Authors: Guo Min , Yin Xiumin , Wang Cui , Nie Liting , Wang Gongchao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore nursing students' academic procrastination and its relationship with emotional intelligence (EI) and self‐efficacy, and self‐efficacy's mediation of the relationship between EI and academic procrastination.BackgroundAcademic procrastination can lead to a range of negative outcomes. Previous researches have suggested EI and self‐efficacy are associated with academic procrastination, but the underlying mechanism of the relationships between them is not clear. Therefore, it is important to determine how these two factors affect academic procrastination.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA convenience sample of 347 nursing students was recruited from two junior colleges in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.ResultsEmotional intelligence and self‐efficacy were negatively associated with academic procrastination. Furthermore, self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between EI and academic procrastination.ConclusionsStudents who report lower EI and self‐efficacy may be at a higher risk of academic procrastination. One way of weakening individuals' procrastination is to strengthen their EI. Another is to help them believe in their abilities rather than fear failure in achieving their goal. Focusing more on these influencing factors can help nursing educators develop intervention measures aimed at decreasing students' procrastination behaviour, such as through EI and self‐efficacy training.ImpactThe findings from the current study could have important implications for nursing education. That is, students who report lower EI and self‐efficacy may be at a higher risk of academic procrastination. A larger focus on these influencing factors can help nursing educators and consultants develop intervention measures aimed at decreasing students' procrastination behaviour.
Shank3 regulates striatal synaptic abundance of Cyld, a deubiquitinase specific for Lys63‐linked polyubiquitin chains
Authors: Jin Chunmei , Kim Shinhyun , Kang Hyojin , Yun Ki Na , Lee Yeunkum , Zhang Yinhua , Kim Yoonhee , Kim Jin Young , Han Kihoon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3) proteins are core organizers of the postsynaptic density in neuronal excitatory synapses, and their defects cause various neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Mechanistically, Shank3 directly and indirectly interacts with hundreds of synaptic proteins with diverse functions and potentially exerts its regulatory roles in synaptic development and function via these interactors. However, Shank3‐dependent regulation of synaptic abundance has been validated in vivo for only a few Shank3 interactors. Here, using a quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified 136 proteins with altered synaptic abundance in the striatum of Shank3‐overexpressing transgenic (TG) mice. By comparing these proteins with those found in a previous analysis of the postsynaptic density of Shank3 knock‐out (KO) striatum, we identified and confirmed that cylindromatosis‐associated deubiquitinase (Cyld), a deubiquitinase specific for Lys63‐linked polyubiquitin chains, was up‐ and down‐regulated in Shank3 TG and KO striatal synapses, respectively. Consistently, we found that the synaptic levels of Lys63‐linked polyubiquitin chains were down‐ and up‐regulated in the Shank3 TG and KO striata, respectively. Furthermore, by isolating and analyzing the synaptic Cyld complex, we generated a Cyld interactome consisting of 103 proteins, which may include Cyld substrates. Bioinformatic analyses suggested associations of the Cyld interactome with a few brain disorders and synaptic functions. Taken together, these results suggest that Shank3 regulates the synaptic abundance of Cyld in the mouse striatum and, thereby, potentially modulates the Lys63‐linked polyubiquitination of striatal synaptic proteins.
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Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis in pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Frappaolo Anna , Vadnais Mary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFamilial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (f‐hypoPP) is a rare neuromuscular disorder causing intermittent muscle paralysis. Pregnancy can exacerbate f‐hypoPP, yet obstetric management is not well documented. We present a case of a nulliparous woman with f‐hypoPP, outlining a complete prenatal care plan generalizable to other women with known f‐hypoPP. To our knowledge, this is the first obstetric f‐hypoPP case to prioritize intrapartum oral potassium over intravenous potassium, as well as to outline the importance of multidisciplinary care. The patient had a spontaneous vaginal delivery at term with an uneventful postpartum period. Muscle weakness and episodes of relative hypokalemia in the second trimester and during labor were effectively treated with oral potassium supplementation. Care was provided by a multidisciplinary team, and caution was taken to avoid known triggers of paralytic episodes.
Educational intervention does not reduce non‐invasive urine contamination rates in children presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Jacob Ron , John‐Denny Blessy , Donaldson Katherine , White Brent , Outhred Alexander , McCaskill Mary E 
Published: June 2019

AimUrinary tract infection is common in children with high contamination rates with non‐invasive urine sampling (NIU). Our aims were to evaluate an educational tool for decreasing contamination rates and find factors associated with contamination.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort interventional study with a review of microbiology data and medical records of all NIU specimens collected at a large tertiary children's emergency department (ED) over a 1‐year period. The intervention was the provision of a urine collection kit and educational pamphlet and education of staff. NIU contamination was calculated for 6 months pre‐intervention and 6 months post‐intervention. The association of factors with NIU contamination was evaluated for all cohorts (age, gender, presence of diarrhoea, season, time of day, time to incubation and activity of the ED).ResultsA total of 2104 NIU samples were included (median age 3 years, 52% females). There was no difference between periods in contamination rates (29.2% and 31.2%, respectively, P = 0.322). Collectively, high monthly activity of the department, age and female gender were associated with contamination. The highest contamination rates were among children aged 0–3 months and 12 years and older (38.1 and 48.9%, respectively).ConclusionsThe urine collection kit and educational tool did not decrease NIU contamination rates in our ED. Contamination rates were correlated with the monthly activity of our department and female gender and were noticeably high among infants and adolescents. Given the high prevalence of urinary tract infection among these age groups, measures should be taken to reassess indications and methods for urine collection.
Industry equilibrium with random exit or default
Authors: Boyarchenko Svetlana , Chiang Piin‐Hueih 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn industry consisting of a large number of small price taking firms subject to idiosyncratic productivity shocks is considered. At the moment of entry, a firm takes on debt. We show that in a competitive equilibrium, some firms exit and pay out their debt while others choose to default. The outcome depends on the realization of firm‐specific shocks. The paper demonstrates that if the firms self‐select between exit with debt repayment and default, then the default region is disconnected from the exit region. The methodological contribution of the paper is the analytical characterization of the long‐run equilibrium for two scenarios of the initial distribution of productivity shocks. We consider two public policy mechanisms—contract enforcement and creditor protection. Our policy recommendation is that regulators need to reduce the contract enforcement if they want to decrease the long‐run default rate.
The effects of atorvastatin on the kidney injury in mice with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Karatug Kacar Ayse , Yildirim Merve , Bolkent Sehnaz , Oztay Fusun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The present study investigated the effects of atorvastatin on kidney injury in mice with pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

Methods
Adult mice were divided into four groups: mice treated with intratracheal bleomycin (I) and their controls (II), and mice treated with atorvastatin for 10 days after 7 days from bleomycin treatment (III) and their controls (IV). Mice were dissected on the 21st day.

Key findings
Mononuclear cell infiltrations, injured proximal tubule epithelium and p-c-Jun level increased, while cell proliferation and the levels of p-SMAD2, ELK1, p-ELK1, p-ATF2 and c-Jun decreased in the kidney tissue of mice with PF. The atorvastatin treatments to mice with PF resulted in significant increases at the TGF-β activation, cell proliferation and kidney damage and decreases in the levels of p-SMAD2, p-ELK1, p-ATF2 and p-c-Jun, but not change the p-SMAD3, ELK1 and ATF2 in kidneys.

Conclusions
The depletion of MAPK signals, rather than SMAD signalling, is effective in kidney damage of mice with PF. Atorvastatin did not regress kidney damage in these mice, whereas it increases the kidney injury. The c-Jun-mediated JNK signals could help kidney repair through cell proliferation. The treatment time and doses of atorvastatin should be optimized for regression of kidney damage.
Relationship between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3levels and severity of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhou Xinyi , Jiang Jingjing , Zhang Peng , Xia Sisi , Ding Yi , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3(25(OH)D3), a newly emerged immune regulator, is considered to be involved in type 2 diabetic periodontitis (T2DCP). However, the risk factors and genes with altered expression that influence the progression and severity of T2DCP remain unknown. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between 25(OH)D3deficiency and severity of T2DCP as well as the potential mechanisms.Material and MethodsA total of 182 subjects were divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis without diabetes (P group, n = 88) and type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis (DM+P group, n = 94). Patients in both groups were further classified according to age as young (Y) and elderly (E) for a total of four groups: P/Y, P/E, DM+P/Y, and DM+P/E. Periodontal status was evaluated based on the probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The serum levels of human 25(OH)D3, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 2 (PTPN2), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and JAK/STAT proteins in the gingival tissue.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D3levels were lower in the DM+P group than those in the P group (P < 0.001). When the patients were subgrouped according to age, 25(OH)D3deficiency was more commonly found in DM+P/E than in DM+P/Y (67% vs 51%), with a significant difference detected in the 25(OH)D3quartile of 15‐20 ng/mL (P = 0.007). The 25(OH)D3level showed a significant negative correlation with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r = −0.623), serum IL‐1β (r = −0.392), serum TNF‐α (r = −0.218), PD (r = −0.269), and CAL (r = −0.305) in the DM+P group (allP < 0.05), but not with hemoglobin A1c (P = 0.123). Additionally, reduced VDR and PTPN2 expression levels were observed in DM+P patients, whereas JAK1 and p‐STAT5 protein levels were increased in this group.ConclusionsVitamin D3deficiency is strongly associated with T2DCP, and age mediates this relationship. Abnormal FBG and IL‐1β levels should be considered as important potential risk factors for the progression and severity of T2DCP. Moreover, 25(OH)D3deficiency may be related to the immune function of T2DCP by weakening PTPN2 signaling.
Specifying the Academic Language Skills That Support Text Understanding in the Middle Grades: The Design and Validation of the Core Academic Language Skills Construct and Instrument
Authors: Barr Christopher D. , Uccelli Paola , Phillips Galloway Emily 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study reports on the conceptualization of a new construct targeting the cross‐disciplinary academic language skills most relevant to school reading comprehension, targeting the validation of the Core Academic Language Skills (CALS) Instrument, a novel assessment tool which measures this construct. Participants included Grade 4–8 monolingual English and bilingual students designated as English learners (N= 7,152) from the United States. The study investigated the dimensionality of the core academic language skills construct, the reliability and validity of the CALS Instrument, and the impact of school grade on students’ performance in core academic language skills. Results revealed the assessment measure to be unidimensional and to discriminate performance by grade level. This study offers insight into the value of measuring cross‐disciplinary school‐relevant language proficiency, delineates skills to be targeted through instruction to support reading comprehension, and offers a tool to identify students who will benefit most from this instruction.
Plasma total prion protein as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative dementia: diagnostic accuracy in the spectrum of prion diseases
Authors: Llorens F. , Villar‐Piqué A. , Schmitz M. , Diaz‐Lucena D. , Wohlhage M. , Hermann P. , Goebel S. , Schmidt I. , Glatzel M. , Hauw J.‐J. , Sikorska B. , Liberski P. P. , Riggert J. , Ferrer I. , Zerr I. 
Published: June 2019

AimsIn the search for blood‐based biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, we characterized the concentration of total prion protein (t‐PrP) in the plasma of neurodegenerative dementias. We aimed to assess its accuracy in this differential diagnostic context.MethodsPlasma t‐PrP was measured in 520 individuals including healthy controls (HC) and patients diagnosed with neurological disease control (ND), Alzheimer's disease (AD), sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Lewy body dementia (LBD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Additionally, t‐PrP was quantified in genetic prion diseases and iatrogenic CJD. The accuracy of t‐PrP discriminating the diagnostic groups was evaluated and correlated with demographic, genetic and clinical data in prion diseases. Markers of blood‐brain barrier impairment were investigated in sCJD brains.ResultsCompared to HC and ND, elevated plasma t‐PrP concentrations were detected in sCJD, followed by FTD, AD, VaD and LBD. In sCJD, t‐PrP was associated neither with age nor sex, but with codon 129 PRNP genotype. Plasma t‐PrP concentrations correlated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neuro‐axonal damage, but not with CSF t‐PrP. In genetic prion diseases, plasma t‐PrP was elevated in all type of mutations investigated. In sCJD brain tissue, extravasation of immunoglobulin G and the presence of swollen astrocytic end‐feet around the vessels suggested leakage of blood‐brain barrier as a potential source of increased plasma t‐PrP.ConclusionsPlasma t‐PrP is elevated in prion diseases regardless of aetiology. This pilot study opens the possibility to consider plasma t‐PrP as a promising blood‐based biomarker in the diagnostic of prion disease.
Miller Fisher syndrome presenting with bilaterally impaired adduction in horizontal gaze and dissociated nystagmus of the abducting eyes
Authors: Egashira Shuhei , Naito Tatsuhiko , Seki Tomonari , Sato Tatsuya , Katsumata Junko , Bannai Taro , Nakamoto Fumiko K. , Kaida Kenichi , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe patient is a 58‐year‐old woman presenting a 5‐day history of diplopia that started 2 weeks after an upper respiratory tract infection. Neurological examination revealed bilaterally impaired adduction in horizontal gaze with dissociated nystagmus of the abducting eyes, which resembled dissociated nystagmus observed in internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). She also exhibited slightly impaired abduction and impaired supraduction in both eyes, right‐sided ptosis, and slight truncal ataxia. There were no abnormal findings on contrast‐enhanced MRI of the brain. The diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome was confirmed by positive serum anti‐GQ1b and GT1a antibodies. The patient fully recovered without specific treatment. Impaired adduction in horizontal gaze with dissociated nystagmus of the abducting eye is generally presumed to be indicative of INO, a lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus. We presumed that an imbalance between severely restricted adduction and preserved abduction of the opposite eye led to the unique ocular motility disturbances observed in our patient.
Gpr126 (Adgrg6) is expressed in cell types known to be exposed to mechanical stimuli
Authors: Musa Gentian , Cazorla‐Vázquez Salvador , van Amerongen Machteld J. , Stemmler Marc P. , Eckstein Markus , Hartmann Arndt , Braun Thomas , Brabletz Thomas , Engel Felix B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGPR126 (ADGRG6) is an adhesion G protein–coupled receptor that plays an important role in a variety of tissues/organs, such as heart, sciatic nerve, cartilage, and ear. Moreover, GPR126 (ADGRG6) mutations are associated with human diseases, like adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, lung disease, bladder cancer, and intellectual disability. Despite its clinical importance, it remains elusive how GPR126 is activated and mediates signal transduction and what cellular processes depend on GPR126 signaling. Here, we generated a lacZ reporter mouse line to determine endogenous Gpr126 (Adgrg6) expression in a cell type‐specific manner during embryonic development, at postnatal day 5 and in adult animals. Our results confirm Gpr126 expression data previously obtained utilizing antibodies and in situ hybridization in embryonic heart and sciatic nerve. In addition, we provide data with cellular resolution for previously described RT‐PCR–based data, including lung and bladder. Moreover, new Gpr126‐expressing tissues and cell types were identified, such as ureter and acinar secretory cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the newly generated lacZ reporter mouse is a suitable model to study Gpr126 expression during development and adulthood, provide detailed insight into Gpr126 expression at the cellular level, and reveal that all identified Gpr126‐expressing cells are known to be exposed to mechanical stimuli.