bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational application of the first‐line chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Rui , Ma Jie‐Tao , Zhang Shu‐Ling , Sun Li , Liu Yang , Zhang Xiang‐Yan , Jing Wei , Huang Le‐Tian , Han Cheng‐Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the relative efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or chemotherapy (CT) alone, or their combination modality in the first‐line treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThis meta‐analysis was performed on the eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) after searching web databases and meeting abstracts. The main research endpoints were the comparisons of median overall survival (mOS), the OS rate of 6 months (OSR6m), 1 year (OSR1y) and 2 years (OSR2y), median progression‐free survival (mPFS), the PFS rate of 6 months (PFSR6m) and 1‐year (PFSR1y), objective response rates (ORR), and treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs).ResultsEleven RCTs comprising 6278 cases were included. In the subgroup of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) ≥50%, compared with chemotherapy, the ICIs showed similar OSR6m (P > 0.05), but significantly improved efficacy in mOS, OSR1y, OSR2y, and ORR (all P < 0.05), also had less grade ≥ 3 TRAEs. Compared with pembrolizumab alone, pembrolizumab plus CT in the subgroup of PD‐L1 ≥ 50% had similar mOS, OSR6m, OSR1y, and PFSR1y (all P > 0.05), but significantly improved mPFS, PFSR6m, and ORR (all P < 0.05 for interaction). Compared with the CT group, ICIs plus CT group with PD‐L1 ≥ 50% or <1% showed significant benefit in OS, PFS, and ORR (all P < 0.05). However, in the ICIs plus CT group with 1% ≤ PD‐L1 ≤ 49%, only PFS and ORR showed significant benefit compared with CT group (all P < 0.05), but not for results of OS.ConclusionsThe findings support the rationale for using pembrolizumab alone in the first‐line treatment of PD‐L1 ≥ 50% advanced NSCLC due to the similar OS and lower grade ≥ 3 TRAEs. However, the combination of ICIs and chemotherapy is strongly recommended in patients with PD‐L1 ≤ 49% for significant survival benefit.
Bonding and bridging social capital and their associations with self‐evaluated community resilience: A comparative study of East Asia
Authors: Lee Juheon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to test key social capital indicators in a disaster context by considering the bonding and bridging types of social capital. Using the East Asian Social Survey, this study chooses three behavioural/cognitive elements of social capital—social trust, voluntary association membership, and personal networks—and divides them into bonding and bridging social capital, in‐group and out‐group trust, homogeneous and heterogeneous membership, and strong and weak ties to test their effects on self‐evaluated community resilience to natural hazards. The results showed that social trust and personal networks had strong positive effects, but the effect of voluntary association membership was positive in societies with high rates of membership (Japan and South Korea) and negative in a society with a low rate of membership (Taiwan). Furthermore, while bonding social capital generally showed a stronger effect than bridging social capital in East Asia, a society with more frequent and intense disasters (Japan) showed a strong effect of heterogenous membership on self‐evaluated community resilience. This study connects two aspects of social capital studies—the elements and the types of social capital—and the findings imply that the relationship between social capital and community resilience may have some mediator variables.
Collective guilt, moral outrage, and support for helping the poor: A matter of system versus in‐group responsibility framing
Authors: Krauth‐Gruber Silvia , Bonnot Virginie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe examined how the framing of responsibility for reducing socio‐economic inequality affects individuals' emotional reactions towards the poor and the willingness to engage in prosocial actions. Attribution of responsibility to either the system (government and institutions), the less deprived in‐group, or the disadvantaged out‐group (poor) was measured (Study 1) and manipulated (Study 2). Consistent with our hypotheses, moral outrage was higher than collective guilt when system responsibility for inequalities was put forth, but collective guilt arose to reach the level of moral outrage when in‐group responsibility was emphasized. Moreover, distinguishing between collective guilt for action and for inaction, we found guilt for inaction more difficult and thus less likely to arise, unless responsibility was put on the in‐group. Collective emotions were also found to be negatively linked to system justification motivation illustrating the palliative function of legitimization processes. Finally, moral outrage predicted the willingness to act upon socio‐economic inequalities both when the system's and in‐group's responsibility was emphasized, whereas collective guilt for action (but not for inaction) predicted support for prosocial actions only when the in‐group's responsibility was engaged. These findings suggest that the specific group‐based emotions in response to poverty depend on whether the system or the in‐group is held responsible and differentially predict individuals' commitment to act.
Inherent control of hepatocyte proliferation after subtotal liver resection
Authors: Elchaninov Andrey , Fatkhudinov Timur , Makarov Andrey , Vorobieva Iva , Lokhonina Anastasia , Usman Natalia , Kananykhina Evgeniya , Vishnyakova Polina , Nikitina Maria , Goldshtein Dmitry , Bolshakova Galina , Glinkina Valeria , Sukhikh Gennady 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAt the normal physiological conditions, hepatocytes predominantly reside in G0 phase of cell cycle; they actively proceed to G1 phase upon damage to the organ. As it was shown in experiments with restoration of liver mass in rats after subtotal hepatectomy (resection of 80% of the organ mass may be considered as a model of the ‘small for size’ liver syndrome), the growth inhibition is due to prolonged arrest of hepatocyte proliferation, molecular mechanisms of which remain understudied. In a rat model of liver regeneration after surgical removal of 80% of its mass, we observe a delayed onset of hepatocyte proliferation: Ki67+ hepatocytes begin to appear as late as at 30 h after liver subtotal resection. Their appearance coincides with the beginning of transcription of genes for cyclins A2, B1, D
1, and E
1 at 24–30 h after surgery. The corresponding increase in concentrations of cyclin D
1 and E proteins is further delayed till 48 h after liver resection. We have also observed a prolonged decrease in the expression of proto‐oncogene c‐met (the hepatocyte growth factor receptor‐encoding gene
Met), an increase in expression of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ
1) receptor‐encoding gene
Tgfbr2. At the same time, irreversible block of hepatocyte proliferation is prevented by expression of certain factors, notably of the TWEAK/Fn14 signaling pathway: concentrations of the corresponding proteins in remnant livers have peaked from 24 to 48 h after liver subtotal resection.
A Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Bifunctional Device with Zinc‐Ion Microbattery and Photodetector
Authors: Bi Songshan , Wan Fang , Huang Shuo , Wang Xiaojun , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of flexible and wearable electronics has raised the demand for their power sources, which will be not only adequately compact, but also integrated on one flexible substrate. Therefore, microscale batteries with high flexibility and performance are desired to meet the requirement for miniaturizing energy storage devices and integrating them with other flexible electronics together. Here, a flexible quasi‐solid‐state bifunctional system with zinc‐ion microbattery and photodetector was designed based on polyaniline and Zn microelectrodes. The bifunctional device not only displays the intrinsic behavior of microscale zinc‐ion batteries with excellent energy and power densities, but also has the ability of photodetection. Furthermore, such bifunctional devices with desired sizes and shapes can be designed in series or in parallel on one chip to output enhanced voltage or current without external connection. More importantly, owing to the ultrathin thickness and unique all‐in‐one architecture, the bifunctional device can remain stable electrochemical performance and photocurrent response even under bending states. The novel design of such flexible bifunctional systems would pave a way for integrating energy storage devices and other electronics into flexible systems.
Relationship between enantioselective transformation of racemic quizalofop‐ethyl and soil bacterial diversity: A destructive approach
Authors: Zhou Qing , Zhang Xu , Huang Junxing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the resilience of bacterial diversity in soils restored after autoclaving, in terms of richness, evenness and community structure, and its feedback on the enantioselective transformation of racemic quizalofop‐ethyl (rac‐QE). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and bacterial richness (indexed by operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) in restored soil recovered to approximately 50% and 29%, respectively, of the native soil within 43 days. Bacterial evenness was much lower in restored soil than in native soil. The relative proportions of dominant bacterial genera differed significantly (P < .05) between restored and native soils. Importantly, two major bacterial genera that recolonized restored soil were not detected in native soil. Highly enantioselective transformation of rac‐QE was observed in restored soils, whereas QE enantiomers exhibited comparable transformation rates in native soils. The second‐round enantioselective transformation of rac‐QE was altered by the first‐round transformation of enantiopure quizalofop‐P‐ethyl (R‐P‐QE) in restored and native soils through selective effects of R‐P‐QE on the bacterial community. The transformation rate of rac‐QE was predominantly determined by bacterial abundance and richness, while the enantioselectivity was correlated more with bacterial structure.
A directional look at F‐tests
Authors: Mccormack Andrew , Reid Nancy , Sartori Nicola , Theivendran Sri‐Amirthan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDirectional testing of vector parameters, based on higher order approximations of likelihood theory, can ensure extremely accurate inference, even in high‐dimensional settings where standard first order likelihood results can perform poorly. Here we explore examples of directional inference where the calculations can be simplified, and prove that in several classical situations, the directional test reproduces exact results based on F‐tests. These findings give a new interpretation of some classical results and support the use of directional testing in general models, where exact solutions are typically not available. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 619–627; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Using qualitative research to reduce readmissions and optimize perioperative cystectomy care
Authors: Smith Angela B. , Mueller Dana , Garren Brandon , Tan Hung‐Jui , Wallen Eric , Woods Michael , Pruthi Raj , Nielsen Matthew 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPreventable complications and readmissions after cystectomy may be detectable via postoperative monitoring of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). However, no study has defined meaningful PROs or the use of mobile communication devices (mobile health [mHealth]) to capture them. The objectives of this study were to determine which high‐priority PROs influence patients' perioperative experience, what processes influence these outcomes, how patients and caregivers differ in their experiences, and how mHealth might be used to improve outcomes.MethodsForty‐five semistructured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with readmitted cystectomy patients, caregivers, and providers with an interview guide that addressed perioperative education, symptoms, function, and the potential for mHealth interventions. Among 15 patients, 10 had an interviewed partner. A thematic analysis of interviews conducted with readmitted patients, caregivers, and providers was performed to examine processes that affected perioperative care and readmission and to determine how mHealth interventions might be implemented.ResultsReadmitted patients and caregivers ranged in age from 33 to 78 years and were diverse in race and stage. The providers included a diverse representation of physicians, nurses, and other specialists. Cystectomy preoperative education was overwhelming and lacked personalization, and this contributed to a fundamental lack of knowledge regarding normal and abnormal symptoms after surgery. Three connecting themes were identified: 1) cystectomy education overload, 2) a need to define normal symptoms, and 3) education with incremental learning through mHealth.ConclusionsA personalized mHealth intervention addressing themes of education overload, the definition of normality, and incremental learning could be realized through mHealth technology and provide the right information for the right patient at the right time.
An unstructured CFD mini‐application for the performance prediction of a production CFD code
Authors: Owenson A. M. B. , Wright S. A. , Bunt R. A. , Ho Y. K. , Street M. J. , Jarvis S. A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMaintaining the performance of large scientific codes is a difficult task. To aid in this task, a number of mini‐applications have been developed that are more tractable to analyze than large‐scale production codes while retaining the performance characteristics of them. These “mini‐apps” also enable faster hardware evaluation and, for sensitive commercial codes, allow evaluation of code and system changes outside of access approval processes. In this paper, we develop MG‐CFD, a mini‐application that represents a geometric multigrid, unstructured computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, designed to exhibit similar performance characteristics without sharing commercially sensitive code. We detail our experiences of developing this application using guidelines detailed in existing research and contributing further to these. Our application is validated against the inviscid flux routine of HYDRA, a CFD code developed by Rolls‐Royce plc for turbomachinery design. This paper (1) documents the development of MG‐CFD, (2) introduces an associated performance model with which it is possible to assess the performance of HYDRA on new HPC architectures, and (3) demonstrates that it is possible to use MG‐CFD and the performance models to predict the performance of HYDRA with a mean error of 9.2% for strong‐scaling studies.
Reach Out and Recover: Intentions to seek treatment in individuals using online support for eating disorders
Authors: McLean Siân A. , Caldwell Belinda , Roberton Michelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore characteristics and treatment‐seeking intentions of consumers accessing an online resource for eating disorders support, Reach Out and Recover (ROAR). Factors associated with treatment‐seeking intent among visitors to ROAR were also examined.MethodParticipants were 200 visitors to the website aged 18 to 60 plus. The majority of participants (93.5%) identified as women. Responses to self‐report questions assessing treatment‐seeking intention, eating disorder symptoms and their impact on health, and attitudes to treatment were collected.ResultsParticipants experienced a range of eating disorder symptoms, yet the majority (86.0%) was not receiving treatment. Importantly, of those not in treatment, the majority (82.6%) indicated that they planned to get treatment. In addition, more than half of participants (52.9%) downloaded a report to present to their health practitioner to facilitate communication with a health professional. Intention to seek treatment and download of the report were positively associated with motivation to change, confidence to achieve change, greater frequency of binge eating, and greater recognition of the impact of eating disorder symptoms on relationships and well‐being but not with stigma or ambivalence.DiscussionStudy findings indicated that the ROAR website was accessed by individuals for whom it was designed, namely those experiencing eating disorder symptoms who are not receiving treatment. Encouragingly, participants had strong intentions to seek treatment, and the majority downloaded a report that could be used to facilitate the first step toward treatment. Greater focus on enhancing motivation and confidence to change may further promote treatment‐seeking.
Periodical cicada emergence resource pulse tracks forest expansion in a tallgrass prairie landscape
Authors: Whiles Matt R. , Snyder Bruce A. , Brock Brent L. , Bonjour Sophia , Callaham Mac A. , Meyer Clinton K. , Bell Alex 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence resource pulses is an important aspect of ecosystem ecology. We quantified below‐ to aboveground energy and nutrient fluxes during the 2015 periodical cicada emergence from forest habitats in a tallgrass prairie matrix and compared results to our prior studies of the 1998 emergence in the same watershed. We estimated 35.2 million cicadas emerged across 159 ha in 2015, almost 2× more than the 19.6 million across 98 ha in 1998. The 2015 emergence resulted in below‐ to aboveground fluxes of 9.4 metric tons of ash‐free dry mass and 1.12 metric tons of N, both ~2× greater than 1998. This corresponds to 59 kg C/ha and 7 kg N/ha in and adjacent to forested areas in 2015. Increased emergence in 2015 was a result of spatial expansion of cicadas, not higher densities. Periodical cicadas are expanding with forest habitats in this region. Cicadas expand into and oviposit in ~40% of available forest habitat during each emergence. Accordingly, we predict the 2032 emergence will span ~245 ha. Our study demonstrates how human alterations to a landscape, in this case forest expansion linked to fire suppression and reduced grazing, can alter the magnitude and extent of a resource pulse.
Study and experimental performance evaluation of flux intensifying PM motor with variable leakage magnetic flux
Authors: Aoyama Masahiro , Noguchi Toshihiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a flux intensifying permanent‐magnet (PM) motor with variable leakage magnetic flux. The unique feature of this proposed motor is the ability to passively adjust the magnetic flux linkage into the armature windings in proportion to the armature magnetomotive force and/or armature current phase. The magnetic circuit topology of the flux intensifying PM motor and the passive variable leakage magnetic flux are determined through FE analysis. Then, the driving performance is experimentally elucidated through comparison with that of a reverse salient pole type (flux weakening) PM motor without variable leakage magnetic flux.
A generation method of artificial fluctuation data of wind power output considering smoothing effect
Authors: Nishigami Hiroki , Tsuji Takao , Oyama Tsutomu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo use realistic wind power fluctuation data is important in simulating frequency change of power systems. It is well known that the smoothing effect must be taken into account when generating the artificial wind power output. Therefore, this paper proposed a new method to generate fluctuation waveform considering smoothing effect based on random number to fulfill the correlation among multiple sites and autoregression model. The effectiveness of the proposed method was tested by using practical wind speed data measured in Tohoku district.
Virtual synchronous generator model control of PV for improving transient stability and damping in a large‐scale power system
Authors: Nogami Shun , Yokoyama Akihiko , Daibu Takashi , Hono Yuuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBecause of the significant changes in environmental policies and electric power deregulation in the last decade, a lot of photovoltaic generations (PV) have been and will be installed into the power system in Japan and the ratio of PVs to other synchronous generators will be increased. As a countermeasure against the decrease in the rotational inertia in the whole power system, a virtual synchronous generator (VSG) model control of the PV has so far been proposed. However, the system stabilization effect of the VSG in large‐scale power systems has been unclear. In this paper, a virtual step‐out blocking method of VSG for improving the transient stability is proposed. In addition, the necessity of governor control of VSG in a large‐scale power system is discussed. Finally, the rated kw and kwh capacities of the battery required for realizing the VSG‐model control are evaluated.
Utility and safety of tocilizumab in Takayasu arteritis with severe heart failure and muscle wasting
Authors: Yano Toshiyuki , Osanami Arata , Shimizu Masaki , Katano Satoshi , Nagano Nobutaka , Kouzu Hidemichi , Koyama Masayuki , Muranaka Atsuko , Harada Ryo , Doi Hirosato , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTakayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis of unknown aetiology characterized by chronic inflammatory changes of the aorta and its major branches. We report the active TA case who had severe heart failure due to acute myocardial infarction and aortic regurgitation. Bentall procedure was successfully performed, but he had severely depressed left ventricular function and muscle wasting together with vascular inflammation. The treatment with tocilizumab, an interleukin‐6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in addition to prednisolone and standard heart failure therapy led to prompt remission of TA activity and improvement of left ventricular function and muscle wasting. Taken together with possible involvement of interleukin‐6 in the pathogenesis of heart failure and muscle wasting, inhibition of interleukin‐6 receptor signalling by tocilizumab may be a safe and reasonable approach in the treatment of active TA with heart failure and muscle wasting.
Evaluating the Effect of four Hosting Ionophores on the Performance of Anion Selective Potentiometric Sensor
Authors: Saad Ahmad S. , Essam Hebatallah M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA systematically designed practical approach was carried out for the optimization of an anion selective electrode for the determination of an anionic laxative, docusate sodium (DS). The PVC membrane composition and the sensor assembly were systematically optimized. Different sensors were fabricated using tetradodecylammonium bromide (TDAB), tridodecylmethylammonium bromide, tetraheptylammonium bromide as ion exchangers. The effect of ionophore was evaluated using four different host‐guest ionophores, namely; calix[8]arene, β‐cylodextrin, hydroxypropyl‐β‐cylodextrin and carboxymethyl‐β‐cylodextrin to reach the optimum membrane composition. Sensors were constructed in both liquid membrane and solid contact sensor‐assemblies. The slope, linear range, LOQ and response time for each sensor was calculated to assess their performance characteristics. Best Nernstian slope of −61.38 mV/decade and lowest quantification limit of 7.62×10−7 M was achieved by the sensor containing TDAB as ion exchanger and Calix[8]arene as ionophore in the PVC matrix using the gold wire solid contact sensor assembly. Electrode selectivity was assured in the presence of DS potential degradation product, common interfering ions and industrial excipients of tablet and gel formulations. Validation was carried out regarding the ICH validation parameters.