bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of Complex Buccolabial Defects: Feasibility of Local Flaps with respect to Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Priya SR , Dravid Chandrashekhar 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Complex defects resulting from resection of buccolabial cancers are generally reconstructed with pedicled flaps or with free flaps, often resulting in suboptimal cosmesis and function.

Materials and methods
A total of 11 patients with malignancies involving the oral commissure and lips were studied. Wide excision and reconstruction with local flaps was done. Posttreatment mouth opening, hair match, color match, vermilion match, resection margins, and disease control were documented.

Results
Average interlabial mouth opening was 3.6 cm and interincisor 3.3 cm. Good hair and color match was seen in all patients. Vermilion match was achieved in all but three patients. Resection margins were wide in all. All but one patient (distant metastases of malignant melanoma) were disease free at the last follow-up.

Conclusion
Local flaps provide good cover for complex buccolabial defects, without affecting disease clearance. In view of definite advantages over distant and free flaps, they should regain their place in the head and neck surgeon's armamentarium.

How to cite this article
Dravid C, Priya SR. Reconstruction of Complex Buccolabial Defects: Feasibility of Local Flaps with respect to Cosmetic and Functional Outcomes. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):155-160.
Clinicopathological Parameters and Locoregional Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Irawati Nina , Hao Sheng-po 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To study the clinicopathological parameters associated with recurrence of oral squamous carcinoma and analyze the survival of patients managed in ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department between January 2008 and December 2013.

Materials and methods
Records of 178 cases were reviewed for clinical details, histopathological data, and follow-up status. Age, gender, addiction, subsite, T–N pathological staging, tumor thickness, margin status, grade of differentiation, lymphovascular permeation, perineural spread, and adjuvant therapy were analyzed.

Results
The recurrence rate was 13.5%. The median follow-up for the entire cohort was 20 months. Twenty-four patients had locoregional recurrence: 9 (37.5%) local recurrence alone, 11 (45%) regional recurrence alone, and 4 (17.5%) had both local and regional recurrence. The average time to recur in case of negative margin was 12.1 months, for close margin was 11.9 months, and with positive margin was 4.1 months. Looking at all patterns of recurrence, 4/98 (4%) of cases with negative margins, 15/65 (23%) cases with close margins, and 5/15 (33.3%) of those with positive margins recurred. Out of 24 cases of recurrence, 22 were sent for salvage surgery and others for salvage chemoradiation therapy. The Kaplan– Meier method and log-rank tests showed that the 2- and 5-years survival rates were significantly lower in the recurrence group compared with nonrecurrence group (78 vs 94%, 37 vs 66%, p < 0.001). Locoregional recurrence is strongly correlated with margin status according to univariate and multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Among all clinicopathological parameters, the status of the surgical margin is the most important prognosticator. Good local control is mandatory to ensure patient's survival. Adequate margins at initial resection for complete clearance without the need of revision should be pursued by every surgeon. Although it is in surgeon's control, the achievement can be limited by the aggressiveness of the disease.
Bronchogenic Cyst as a Rare Differential in an Adult Cervical Cystic Swelling
Authors: George Ajith J , Gaikwad Pranay 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations of the ventral foregut development usually located in the mediastinum and intrapulmonary regions. Cervical bronchogenic cysts are unusual and have been reported predominantly in the pediatric age population, rarely in adults.

Materials and methods
We retrieved and analyzed medical records of all patients who were diagnosed to have bronchogenic cysts within the past 5 years who presented to the surgical departments of pediatric surgery, cardiothoracic, general surgery, ENT, and head and neck surgery.

Data Thirty-three patients with bronchogenic cysts were identified, five of whom were children and only presented with a cyst in the neck. The details of the patient with cervical bronchogenic cyst are presented and discussed.

Conclusion
Bronchogenic cysts of the neck are rare differential diagnosis of neck masses in adults. The magnetic resonance imaging was found to be specific for diagnosis and preoperative assessment. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, along with the prevention of future complications and establishment of diagnosis.

How to cite this article
George AJ, Gaikwad P. Bronchogenic Cyst as a Rare Differential in an Adult Cervical Cystic Swelling. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(4):175-177.
The Genetic Basis of Hearing Loss: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Jeyakumar Anita , Lentz Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTHearing loss (HL) is a common and complex condition that can occur at any age, be inherited or acquired, and is associated with a wide number of etiologies. HL is the most common sensory deficit in newborn children. In developed countries, genetic causes are considered the most frequent etiology of HL, and are estimated to account for 75% of the causes of HL. Current estimates suggest 1% of human genes (200–250 genes) are associated with genetic HL, and to date, more than 80 genes with over 1000 mutations and 140 loci have been identified associated with non-syndromic HL. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man reports more than 400 syndromes with HL. Syndromic and non-syndromic HL can be caused by different mutations within the same gene. Establishing the genetic cause of HL in prelingual children facilitates the medical course of action, rehabilitation choices and long term care in children. Patients with HL of undiagnosed etiology should be evaluated by a clinical geneticist and consider genetic testing as a part of their multidisciplinary evaluation.How to cite this articleJeyakumar A, Lentz J. The Genetic Basis of Hearing Loss: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):64-71.
Subglottic Stenosis: Current Concepts and Recent Advances
Authors: Derowe Ari , Wasserzug Oshri 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTSubglottic stenosis is considered one of the most complex and challenging aspects of pediatric otolaryngology, with the most common etiology being prolonged endotracheal intubation. The surgical treatment of SGS can be either endoscopic or open, but recent advances have pushed the limits of the endoscopic approach so that in practice an open laryngotracheal surgical approach is considered only after failed attempts with an endoscopic approach. In this review we discuss these advances, along with current concepts regarding the diagnosis and treatment of subglottic stenosis in children..How to cite this articleWasserzug O, DeRowe A. Subglottic Stenosis: Current Concepts and Recent Advances. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):97-103.
Cochlear Implants in Children: Recent Advances
Authors: Isaiah Amal , Lee Kenneth H 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cochlear implants (CIs) are the best-performing neural prostheses today. Clinical data have demonstrated that early implantation facilitates advancements in auditory, cognitive and developmental milestones, enabling children to succeed in mainstream schools. With recent improvements in engineering design, signal processing, as well as surgical and rehabilitation techniques, CIs have ushered in expanded candidacy criteria. This review aims to provide a critical evaluation of recent developments in CI strategies --specifically within the areas of implantation of malformed inner ears, outcomes following bilateral CIs, implantation for single-sided deafness and newer, adjuvant biological therapies to augment CI technology.

How to cite this article
Isaiah A, Lee KH. Cochlear Implants in Children: Recent Advances. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(2):115-119.
XY Female: Two Cases with Different Gonads presenting as Primary Amenorrhea
Authors: Bhat Badekai Poornima Ramachandra , Navada H Mahesha 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Two 18-year-old female patients admitted to the hospital with the complaints of primary amenorrhea. The clinical examination and investigations revealed one of them as complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and the other Swyer syndrome. Bilateral gonadectomy was performed and hormone replacement therapy started for both the patients. These two conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis in every adolescent female patient with delayed puberty and the importance of early gonadectomy should be stressed in order to avoid the risk of gonadal tumor development.

How to cite this article
Bhat BPR, Navada HM. XY Female: Two Cases with Different Gonads presenting as Primary Amenorrhea. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):23-25.
An Unusual Dermoid Cyst of the Neck presenting as Mass in the Lateral Neck
Authors: Pradeep PV , Matta Rekha 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cystic lesions in the neck are common. It is customary to classify them as those arising in the midline and those in the lateral neck. Dermoid cysts are present along the lines of embryonic fusion and hence said to be occurring due to an embryonic accident during the development. Most common locations in the neck are the lateral end of eyebrows and the floor of the mouth in the midline. We present a rare case of dermoid presenting as a mass in the lateral aspect of neck. Our case is unique since even though it was a dermoid cyst, the presentation of the mass was in the upper lateral neck which is very uncommon. A 28-year-old lady presented with a swelling at the junction of the upper one-third and lower two-third of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. Intraoperatively, the cyst had extension from the lateral aspect of neck along the carotid sheath to the superior mediastinum. Dermoid cysts do present occasionally as lateral neck mass and must be kept in the differential diagnosis. Even though characteristic radiological and histopathological features make the diagnosis of dermoid cyst simple yet it may be difficult to diagnose, if present at unusual locations.

How to cite this article
Pradeep PV, Matta R. An Unusual Dermoid Cyst of the Neck presenting as Mass in the Lateral Neck. World J Endocr Surg 2012;4(1):26-28.
Lateral approach to Thyroid: A Good Technique for Reoperative Thyroid Surgeryat
Authors: Dissanayake Duminda DMC , Fernando Ranil F , Dissanayake Iresha J 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Thyroidectomy is the commonest endocrine surgical procedure undertaken throughout the world. Redo thyroidectomies are challenging procedures with a higher morbidity rate. Lateral approach to thyroid (LATT) is a good alternative to the standard midline exploration. The key to the technique is the development of the natural tissue plane between the strap muscle and the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle to explore the thyroid bed. A study was carried out to assess the efficacy, safety, and complication of LATT.

Materials and methods
Data on patients undergoing LATT in professorial surgical unit, Ragama from 2008 to 2015, were collected prospectively and analyzed. All procedures were done by a single surgeon.

Results
A total of 36 LATTs were done. Data from 32 people were collected, as 4 patients lost follow-up; 29 (90.6%) were females and 3 (9.4%) were males. Their age ranges between 28 and 61 (median 43.37). Three (9.4%) LATTs for parathyroid explorations and out of it one (3.1%) for redo parathyroid explorations were done. Nine (28.1%) cases were redo thyroidectomies and 18 (56.2%) were done with mini incision with lateral approach. Hemithyroidectomies were performed on 28 (87.5%) patients. Bilateral explorations were done on three (9.4%) patients and four (12.5%) lateral approaches were done for completion thyroidectomies for follicular malignant lesions. Transient clinical hypocalcemia was noticed in four (12.5%) patients and one (3.1%) developed hoarseness of voice, which was temporary; and none of them had complications like hematoma and postsurgical stridor.

Conclusion
Lateral approach to thyroid is a safe alternative to the standard approach for reexplorative thyroid surgery.

How to cite this article
Dissanayake DDMC, Fernando RF, Dissanayake IJ. Lateral approach to Thyroid: A Good Technique for Reoperative Thyroid Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):141-142.
Enigma of Adenoma-carcinoma Sequence in Thyroid Gland: An Interesting Case Report of Multiple Pathologies with Literature Review
Authors: PRK Bhargav 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPhenomenon of adenoma-carcinoma is well-known in gastrointestinal tract tumors (GIT), but evidence of such sequence in thyroid oncogenic phylogeny is inconsistent. Frequently mixed/hybrid pathologies can occur in the same thyroid gland. We report an interesting case of such mixed tumors with inherent oncological sequence to discuss this issue in thyroid gland.How to cite this articleBhargav PRK. Enigma of Adenomacarcinoma Sequence in Thyroid Gland: An Interesting Case Report of Multiple Pathologies with Literature Review. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2):172-174.
Broken Eggshell Sign: A Marker of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chandramohan Anuradha , Abraham Deepak Thomas , Paul MJ , Sekar Suganya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Broken eggshell calcification on CT scan of the neck represents malignant transformation of a longstanding benign thyroid nodule. It usually implies aggressive cancer and poor prognosis. The presence of a soft tissue component on the scan increases the sensitivity and specificity of the sign. We report three cased with the representative CT images to illustrate the sign.

How to cite this article
Sekar S, Chandramohan A, Ramakant P, Abraham DT, Paul MJ. Broken Eggshell Sign: A Marker of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer. World J Endoc Surg 2016;8(2): 183-184.
A Case Report of Giant Tonsillolith
Authors: Smitha SG , Maruthi Nirmala 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Tonsilloliths, also known as tonsil stones or tonsillar calculi, are clusters of calcified material that form in the crypts of palatine tonsils. They are usually of small size. Large or giant tonsilloliths are rare. We report a case of giant tonsillolith in the right palatine tonsil and literature is reviewed.

How to cite this article
Gangaraj SS, Maruthi N. A Case Report of Giant Tonsillolith. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):100-101.
Aggressive Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma— A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Chinoy RF , Dalmia D , Mundhe RS , DeSouza MA , Rane V 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMetastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA) is a rarity, and detailed immunohistochemistry (IHC) work-up is being documented in this case. Most cases present with metastasis after a period of several years, ranging from 1.5 to 51 years. The present case deals with a morphologically and immunologically benign pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid, behaving in a paradoxically aggressive fashion at the local site, at the time of initial diagnosis. Regional nodal metastasis and significant local perineural and intraneural infiltration were identified at presentation. In view of the strong tumor neural affinity, the differential diagnosis included an atypical tubular form of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). However, ACC was ruled out on morphology and by IHC. Literature is reviewed and the varied spectrum of reported cases is briefly put forth.How to cite this articleChinoy RF, Dalmia D, Mundhe RS, DeSouza MA, Rane V. Aggressive Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma—A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(2):115-119.
Chronic Tonsillitis: A Recent Histopathological Study
Authors: Nasr Wail Fayez , Sorour Samir S , Mobasher Mohammed K , Aziz Hesham R Abd El 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the incidence of tonsillomycosis in chronic tonsillitis on histopathological basis post-tonsillectomy in children.Study designCohort study.Level of evidenceLevel II.SettingTer tiary University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology.Materials and methodsThis study included 75 cases of children suffering from chronic tonsillitis (43 females and 32 males). On assessment of the clinical condition of the children with history taking, clinical examination, and preoperative investigation, post-tonsillectomy tonsils are placed in a separate container in 10% formol saline, and then are sent for histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff (PAC).ResultsThe obtained result had 31.3% of tonsils (47/150) with histopathological evidence of fungal invasion of tonsillar tissue with immune reaction and the presence of chronic inflammatory cells. After statistical analysis of the collected crude data, we found that results have come in accordance with previous studies.ConclusionTonsillomycosis is a cause of chronic tonsillitis. Haphazard use of antibiotics and dental caries has a significant predisposing role in tonsillomycosis. Neutropenia can be considered as an indicator for tonsillomycosis. It is considerable in hypertrophic tonsils.How to cite this articleNasr WF, Sorour SS, Mobasher MK, Abd El Aziz HR. Chronic Tonsillitis: A Recent Histopathological Study. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):1-5.
Comparison of Outpatient Harmonic Scalpel Tonsillectomy and Traditional Tonsillectomy in Sleep Disordered Breathing
Authors: Chanvimalueng Waipoj 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn this prospective study of 43 patients, 20 patients were operated by the outpatient harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy. The outpatient harmonic scalpel technique was performed by local injection with 2% Xylocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline solution around palatine tonsils and using harmonic scalpel for dissecting tissue at superior pole until inferior pole of tonsil. Harmonic scalpel will cut and stop bleeding simultaneously and then, using plain catgut 3-0 ligation at the inferior pole of tonsil stops bleeding from tonsil branch of facial artery. All of the patients were followed up for 1 and 3 weeks postoperatively; 19 of 20 (95%) patients who were operated by the outpatient harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy felt satisfied and in one case, the patients wound healing delayed for 3 weeks. All patients were discharged on the day of admission with no major complication. Twenty-three patients were operated by the traditional tonsillectomy as an inpatient. Twenty of 23 (87%) patients were satisfied and in three cases, the patients had delayed wound healing for 3 weeks. The results of the study conclude that the outpatient harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy is satisfactory and medical treatment cost also is cheaper than the traditional tonsillectomy for the majority of patients.How to cite this articleChanvimalueng W. Comparison of Outpatient Harmonic Scalpel Tonsillectomy and Traditional Tonsillectomy in Sleep Disordered Breathing. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):18-21
A Comparative Study to verify the Efficacy of Preoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Control of Tonsillectomy Bleeding
Authors: Prashanth KB , Abhilash S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the drug tranexamic acid administered preoperatively in controlling the bleeding during tonsillectomy intraoperatively.Materials and methodsA total of 50 patients who underwent tonsillectomy were randomized into two groups. Group I (study group): Intravenous tranexamic acid was given with dose of 10 mg/kg. Group II (control group): Tranexamic acid injection was not given. Intraoperative amount of bleeding was assessed in each case.ResultsThe study group had significant reduction in bleeding and the p-value was <0.05, which was statistically significant, when compared to control group. There were no side effects of the drug observed.ConclusionSingle intravenous dose of tranexamic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg preoperatively is effective in control of tonsillectomy bleeding.How to cite this articleSantosh UP, Prashanth KB, Abhilash S. A Comparative Study to verify the Efficacy of Preoperative Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Control of Tonsillectomy Bleeding. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(1):22-25.
Modified Sistrunk Procedure: A Novel Method of Hyoid Resection using Skin Punches in Subhyoid Thyroglossal Cysts
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Kumar BL Yatish , Ravishankara S , Shashikumar T , Deekshith RM 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground/objectivesManaging thyroglossal duct cyst requires surgical excision of the cyst with its tract through the tongue base. Incomplete removal results in cyst recurrence, the common complications of incompletely performed Sistrunk procedure. The Modified Sistrunk procedure using skin punches increases the easiness of surgery and chances of complete removal of the tract.Materials and methodsResection of the middle body of the hyoid was done by coring out the nonossified bone with 4.5 mm skin punches under 3.5× loupes and the tract above till the base.ResultsA total of 14 primary cases were operated by this slight modification, and no recurrences were seen on 1 year of follow-up.ConclusionSistrunk operation is the treatment of choice for primary thyroglossal cysts. Modified Sistrunk operation using skin punches results in easy and precise coring of the hyoid bone with the tract attached to it. Secondary cysts should be treated with removal of core of tongue base muscle and foramen cecum mucosa along with hyoid and scarred cyst excision.How to cite this articleNaik SM, Kumar BLY, Ravishankara S, Shashikumar T, Deekshith RM. Modified Sistrunk Procedure: A Novel Method of Hyoid Resection using Skin Punches in Subhyoid Thyroglossal Cysts. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):97-100.
Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Authors: Gupta Manish , Gupta Nidhi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval form of the pork tapewormTaenia solium. We present a rare case of a 25-year-old adult presenting with neck swelling in the upper part of neck appearing to arise from sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. A definitive diagnosis could not be established on the basis of computed tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The patient was taken up for incision biopsy, which confirmed cysticercosis. The case is reported to reinforce the fact that parasitic etiology should be kept in mind while dealing with a case of neck swelling.How to cite this articleGupta N, Gupta M. Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):113-115.
Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Joshi Ankita , Ray Chinmaya Sundar 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTParapharyngeal space (PPS) lesions account for only 0.5% head and neck tumors and the majority of the minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland in PPS as this is of a very rare occurrence. High index of suspicion and an adequate clearance of the tumor with a cuff of surrounding dispensable normal tissues are the key to successful treatment of such tumors.How to cite this articleRay CS, Joshi A. Primary Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in the Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):125-127.