bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No‐Interference Reading for Optical Information Storage and Ultra‐Multiple Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications by Designing Targeted Recombination in Charge Carrier Trapping Phosphors
Authors: Long Zhangwen , Wen Yugeng , Zhou Junhe , Qiu Jianbei , Wu Hao , Xu Xuhui , Yu Xue , Zhou Dacheng , Yu Jie , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCharge carrier trapping phosphors are one of the most fascinating candidates for next‐generation optical information storage technology and advanced anti‐counterfeiting applications. However, there is a challenge in that shallow traps can result in interference with the real‐time reading of optical information, and the anti‐counterfeiting level also needs to be further enhanced. Here, a novel quasi‐layer‐structured Ca3Ga4O9:Bi3+ phosphor is introduced to address this challenge, based on the targeted recombination phenomenon. This material shows turning electron‐trapping ability and obvious differences in photoluminescence, long persistent luminescence, and photo‐stimulated luminescence processes, which are beneficial in achieving information reading without interference and provide multiple anti‐counterfeiting. As a proof of concept, information reading without interference is experimentally achieved by choosing an appropriate filter and excitation wavelength, and multiple anti‐counterfeiting applications are demonstrated using a simple seal‐photocopy method. The results indicate that the targeted recombination strategy is very effective for achieving multifunctional applications of charge carrier trapping phosphors.
Computational Materials Science: Discovering and Accelerating Future Technologies
Authors: Tahini Hassan A. , Tan Xin , Smith Sean C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMoving the boundaries of knowledge, scientific research and technologies forward through the field of computational materials science requires a combination of fundamental understanding of materials properties, an appreciation of the limitations with our current approaches, and the ability to embrace new and emergent technologies. This short Essay highlights the works of the authors in the special issue “Computational Materials Design” published in Advanced Theory and Simulations. It emphasises the role that computational materials design plays in rationalizing and guiding experimental efforts in in the fields of catalysis, semiconductors, hydrogels, and solid‐state electrolytes. Increases in computational power together with accurate hybrid functionals within density functional theory are enabling more reliable and trustworthy descriptions of solids for various electronic and optoelectronic applications. Additionally, high‐throughput screening and machine learning are rapidly becoming indispensable tools in computational materials science across diverse applications such as engineering and predicting new catalysts. Such advances are setting the pace for our discovery of new and novel materials of the future.
Red Phosphorus Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Chang Wei‐Chung , Wu Jen‐Hsuan , Chen Kuan‐Ting , Tuan Hsing‐Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhosphorus (P) possesses the highest theoretical specific capacity (865 mA h g−1) among all the elements for potassium‐ion battery (PIB) anodes. Although Red P (RP) has intrinsic advantages over its allotropes, including low cost and nontoxicity, and simpler preparation, it is yet unknown to effectively activate it into a high‐performance PIB anode. Here, high‐performance RP PIB anodes are reported. Two important factors are found to facilitate RP react with K‐ions reversibly: i) nanoscale RP particles are dispersed evenly in a conductive carbon matrix composed of multiwall carbon nanotubes and Ketjen black that provide an efficient electrical pathway and a tough scaffold. ii) The results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum and the electrochemical performance perhaps show that no PC bond formation is beneficial to allow K‐ions to react with RP effectively. As a result, the RP/C electrodes deliver a reversible specific capacity of ≈750 mA h g−1 and exhibit a high‐rate capability (≈300 mA h g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). RP/C full cells using potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate as cathode show a long cycling life (680 cycles) at a current density of 1000 mA g−1, in addition, a pouch‐type battery is built to demonstrate practical applications.
Retracted: Photoactivatable Hsp47: A Tool to Regulate Collagen Secretion and Assembly
Authors: Khan Essak S. , Sankaran Shrikrishnan , Paez Julieta I. , Muth Christina , Han Mitchell K. L. , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCollagen is the most abundant structural protein in mammals and is crucial for the mechanical integrity of tissues. Hsp47, an endoplasmic reticulum resident collagen‐specific chaperone, is involved in collagen biosynthesis and plays a fundamental role in the folding, stability, and intracellular transport of procollagen triple helices. This work reports on a photoactivatable derivative of Hsp47 that allows regulation of collagen biosynthesis within mammalian cells using light. Photoactivatable Hsp47 contains a non‐natural light‐responsive tyrosine (o‐nitro benzyl tyrosine (ONBY)) at Tyr383 position of the protein sequence. This mutation renders Hsp47 inactive toward collagen binding. The inactive, photoactivatable protein is easily uptaken by cells within a few minutes of incubation, and accumulated at the endoplasmic reticulum via retrograde KDEL receptor‐mediated uptake. Upon light exposure, the photoactivatable Hsp47 turns into functional Hsp47 in situ. The increased intracellular concentration of Hsp47 results in stimulated secretion of collagen. The ability to promote collagen synthesis on demand, with spatiotemporal resolution, and in diseased state cells is demonstrated in vitro. It is envisioned that photoactivatable Hsp47 allows unprecedented fundamental studies of collagen biosynthesis, matrix biology, and inspires new therapeutic concepts in biomedicine and tissue regeneration.
A novel kinetic model to describe 1,3‐propanediol production fermentation by Clostridium butyricum
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Hui , Huang Shi‐Yang , Zhuang Xiao‐Yan , Wang Ke , Yao Chuan‐Yi , Fang Bai‐Shan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Clostridium butyricum is one of the best 1,3‐propanediol producers due to the nonpathogenic, less byproducts, and energy‐efficient fermentation process. In fermentation process, the relationship among substrate, product, and byproducts is intricate and hard to be analyzed. The present study is aimed at establishing a novel kinetic model not only based on biomass, substrate, and 1,3‐propanediol, but also considering the byproduct concentration to describe 1,3‐propanediol fermentation process by C. butyricum. The simulative result of the model fit well with that in the batch fermentation process. Furthermore, the model was also used to predict the result of fed‐batch fermentation process after some modifications. The predicted result of model fit well with the data in experiment when glycerol was controlled at around 10 g/L. Thus, this novel kinetic model could serve as a tool for further optimization of the fermentation process, and could be improved for some other similar processes.
Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Farzal Zainab , Basu Saikat , Burke Alyssa , Fasanmade Olulade O. , Lopez Erin M. , Bennett William D. , Ebert Charles S. , Zanation Adam M. , Senior Brent A. , Kimbell Julia S. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTopical intranasal drugs are widely prescribed for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although delivery can vary with device type and droplet size. The study objective was to compare nebulized and sprayed droplet deposition in the paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complex (OMC) across multiple droplet sizes in CRS patients using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).MethodsThree‐dimensional models of sinonasal cavities were constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of 3 subjects with CRS refractory to medical therapy using imaging software. Assuming steady‐state inspiratory airflow at resting rate, CFD was used to simulate 1‐µm to 120‐µm sprayed droplet deposition in the left and right sinuses and OMC with spray nozzle positioning as in current nasal spray use instructions. Zero‐velocity nebulization simulations were performed for 1‐µm to 30‐µm droplet sizes, maximal sinus and OMC deposition fractions (MSDF) were obtained, and sizes that achieved at least 50% of MSDF were identified. Nebulized MSDF was compared to sprayed droplet deposition. We also validated CFD framework through in vitro experiments.ResultsAmong nebulized droplet sizes, 11‐µm to 14‐µm droplets achieved at least 50% of MSDF in all 6 sinonasal cavities. Four of 6 sinonasal cavities had greater sinus and OMC deposition with nebulized droplets than with sprayed droplets at optimal sizes.ConclusionNebulized droplets may target the sinuses and OMC more effectively than sprayed particles at sizes achieving best deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings. Several commercial nasal nebulizers have average particle sizes outside the optimal nebulized droplet size range found here, suggesting potential for product enhancement.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy developed during rewarming of accidental hypothermia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Kakizaki Ryuichiro , Bunya Naofumi , Uemura Shuji , Odagiri Arisa , Kasai Takehiko , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundWe here present the first case report of takotsubo cardiomyopathy that developed during rewarming of a patient with severe accidental hypothermia with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.CaseA 74‐year‐old woman was found unresponsive outdoors and suffered cardiopulmonary arrest during transfer to our hospital. On arrival, she was still in cardiopulmonary arrest. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated for resuscitation and rewarming. After admission to the intensive care unit, her blood pressure suddenly dropped, and coronary angiography on day 2 indicated intact coronary arteries. Left ventriculography showed typical takotsubo‐like dysfunction in the end‐systolic phase, which led to the diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular wall motion gradually improved, and echocardiography on day 6 revealed that abnormalities in the left ventricular wall motion had almost disappeared.ConclusionTakotsubo cardiomyopathy might arise during rewarming of patients with severe accidental hypothermia.
Cleavage of C(aryl)−CH3 Bonds in the Absence of Directing Groups under Transition Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Dai Peng‐Fei , Ning Xiao‐Shan , Wang Hua , Cui Xian‐Chao , Liu Jie , Qu Jian‐Ping , Kang Yan‐Biao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic chemists now can construct carbon–carbon σ‐bonds selectively and sequentially, whereas methods for the selective cleavage of carbon–carbon σ‐bonds, especially for unreactive hydrocarbons, remain limited. Activation by ring strain, directing groups, or in the presence of a carbonyl or a cyano group is usually required. In this work, by using a sequential strategy site‐selective cleavage and borylation of C(aryl)−CH3 bonds has been developed under directing group free and transition metal free conditions. Methyl groups of various arenes are selectively cleaved and replaced by boryl groups. Mechanistic analysis suggests that it proceeds by a sequential intermolecular oxidation and coupling of a transient aryl radical, generated by radical decarboxylation, involving a pyridine‐stabilized persistent boryl radical.
Spatial Relationship Between the Metanephros and Adjacent Organs According to the Carnegie Stage of Development
Authors: Ishiyama Hana , Ishikawa Aoi , Imai Hirohiko , Matsuda Tetsuya , Yoneyama Akio , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe morphological changes in the metanephros and its spatial relationship to the adjacent organs was evaluated based on the Carnegie stages (CSs) from 14 through 23. The imaging modalities used included magnetic resonance imaging (N = 4), phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography (N = 11), and serial histological sections (N = 40), supplemented by three‐dimensional image reconstruction. The orientation of the hilus of the metanephros changed significantly between CS17 (34.4 ± 13.7 degrees) and 18 (122.3 ± 38.1 degrees), with an increase in the number of branches of the urinary collecting system, from 1.61 ± 0.42 at CS17 to 3.20 ± 0.35 at CS18. This increase in the number of branches influenced the growth of the metanephros and the orientation of its hilus. The right and left metanephroses were in proximity throughout the embryonic period. The local maximum interpole distances were observed at CS18 (0.87 ± 0.11 mm for the upper and 0.50 ± 0.25 mm for the lower pole). Mesenchymal tissue was observed between the metanephros and iliac arteries, as well as between the right and left metanephros. Throughout development, the position of the lower pole of the metanephros remained adjacent to the aortic bifurcation. The position of the upper pole, referenced with respect to the aortic bifurcation, increased by >2.0 mm, reflecting the longitudinal growth of the metanephros. Our findings provide a detailed description of the morphogenesis of the metanephros and of its hilus, which might contribute to our understanding of congenital malformations and malpositions of the kidneys. Anat Rec, 302:1901–1915, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Effect size measures and their benchmark values for quantifying benefit or risk of medicinal products
Authors: Rahlfs Volker , Zimmermann Helmuth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe standardized mean difference is a well‐known effect size measure for continuous, normally distributed data. In this paper we present a general basis for important other distribution families. As a general concept, usable for every distribution family, we introduce the relative effect, also called Mann–Whitney effect size measure of stochastic superiority. This measure is a truly robust measure, needing no assumptions about a distribution family. It is thus the preferred tool for assumption‐free, confirmatory studies. For normal distribution shift, proportional odds, and proportional hazards, we show how to derive many global values such as risk difference average, risk difference extremum, and odds ratio extremum. We demonstrate that the well‐known benchmark values of Cohen with respect to group differences—small, medium, large—can be translated easily into corresponding Mann–Whitney values. From these, we get benchmarks for parameters of other distribution families. Furthermore, it is shown that local measures based on binary data (2 × 2 tables) can be associated with the Mann–Whitney measure: The concept of stochastic superiority can always be used. It is a general statistical value in every distribution family. It therefore yields a procedure for standardizing the assessment of effect size measures. We look at the aspect of relevance of an effect size and—introducing confidence intervals—present some examples for use in statistical practice.
Validation of an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of diverse components of Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study after oral administration to rats
Authors: Wang Zilingyun , An Rui , Du Guangli , Liang Kun , Li Guowen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA sensitive and validated method of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was established to test the plasma concentrations of active ingredients in Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule, namely geniposide, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhetinic acid. The analysis was performed on an Ultimate XB‐C18 column at the flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1 in a single run of 18 min. The mobile phase was composed of 0.05% formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. Positive and negative scanning and selected multiple reaction monitoring modes were applied for quantization. The proposed method showed good linearity in the given ranges from 0.6800–340.0 to 3.920–1960 ng mL−1 with r2 > 0.9917 for all the analytes. The precision (RSD) was no more than 12%, and the accuracy (RE) was less than ±11% for intra‐ and inter‐day. The extract recovery and matrix effect were acceptable for the requirements of biological sample analysis. Moreover, the developed method was effectively applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of Qinxing Qingre Zhike Granule after oral administration in rats.
Association between family history, mutation locations, and prevalence of BRCA1 or 2 mutations in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Singer Christian F. , Tan Yen Y. , Muhr Daniela , Rappaport Christine , Gschwantler‐Kaulich Daphne , Grimm Christoph , Polterauer Stephan , Pfeiler Georg , Berger Andreas , Tea Muy‐Kheng M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence of germline BRCA mutations in a population‐based cohort of Austrian women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and its association with family history of cancer. We prospectively collected family pedigrees of 443 Austrian ovarian cancer patients who had been tested for the presence of a germline BRCA or 2 mutations and correlated the familial breast and ovarian cancer burden with the prevalence of BRCA mutations and disease onset. The probability of carrying a gBRCA mutation in patients without family history of cancer is 14% (95% CI 9%‐22%), as opposed to 45% (95% CI 31%‐59%) of patients with at least one family member with ovarian cancer, and 47% (95% CI 40%‐54%) if other relatives have developed breast cancer. If both breast and ovarian cancer are diagnosed in the family, the probability of carrying a germline BRCA1 or 2 mutations is 60% (95% CI 50%‐68%). germline BRCA1 or mutations in families with ovarian cancer only are commonly located in the Ovarian Cancer Cluster Regions when compared to families with both breast and ovarian cancer (P = 0.001, and P = 0.020, respectively). While gBRCA mutation carriers with ovarian cancer do not have a significantly different age at onset than patients with a family history of cancer, gBRCA1 carriers in general have an earlier onset than gBRCA2 carriers (P = 0.002) and patients without a mutation (P = 0.006). The rate of germline BRCA1 or 2 mutations in ovarian cancer patients without a family history or breast or ovarian cancer is low. However, in women with additional family members affected, the prevalence is considerably higher than previously reported.
Further Understanding of the Reactivity Control of Bisphosphonates to a Metal Source for Fabricating Highly Ordered Mesoporous Films
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryutaro , Kimura Tatsuo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMesoporous metal organophosphonates having embedded organic functions are a promising platform to hybridize organics and non‐siliceous inorganic frameworks in their molecular scale. However, the reactivity between a bisphosphonate and a metal source is dramatically different for their combination and then hampers to construct ordered mesoporous structures even when using amphiphilic organic molecules. By proposing an advanced method to adjust such reactivity, we recently succeeded in fabricating ordered mesoporous aluminum organophosphonate (AOP) films with chemically designable benzene units inside their hybrid frameworks. The reactivity of the organically bridged bisphosphonates has been controlled by utilizing dissimilar reactivities of acid–base pairs like P−OH and P−OEt groups to AlCl3. Here, we further prove our reactivity‐control concept through the introduction of organic groups, such as those having symmetric thiophene, asymmetric amide, and hydrophilic ether units. Liquid‐state 31P NMR measurements further clarified the usefulness of the control of the −OH/ −OEt ratio in the same bisphosphonate molecules for obtaining highly ordered mesostructured AOP films.
A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cabotegravir in Patients With Hepatic Impairment and Healthy Matched Controls
Authors: Shaik Jafar Sadik B. , Ford Susan L. , Lou Yu , Zhang Zhiping , Bakshi Kalpana K. , Tenorio Allan R. , Trezza Christine , Spreen William R. , Patel Parul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCabotegravir is an investigational integrase inhibitor in development for the treatment and pre‐exposure prophylaxis of HIV‐1 infection. Liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV‐infected individuals and can impact the pharmacokinetics (PK) of HIV medications. This phase 1 study evaluated the PK of cabotegravir in individuals with moderate hepatic impairment (n = 8) versus healthy controls (n = 8). Participants received a single oral cabotegravir 30‐mg tablet and underwent PK sampling to determine total and unbound plasma cabotegravir concentrations. Calculated geometric least‐squares mean ratios (90% confidence intervals) for individuals with hepatic impairment versus healthy controls were 0.73 (0.50‐1.06) for AUC0‐∞, 0.69 (0.51‐0.93) for Cmax, 1.40 (0.80‐2.46) for unbound concentration (CU) 2 hours postdose, 1.55 (0.82‐2.94) for CU at 24 hours, 2.14 (1.57‐2.90) for unbound fraction (FU) at 2 hours, and 1.90 (1.14‐3.18) for FU at 24 hours. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 2 individuals with hepatic impairment and 3 healthy controls and were grade 1/2 in severity. No participant discontinued because of AEs. Increased FU resulted in a modest decrease in total plasma exposure not considered clinically relevant. We conclude that cabotegravir may be administered without dose adjustment in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment.
Research on the evolution mechanism of the electric vehicle market driven by big data
Authors: Xiaoyan He 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper focuses on analyzing the effect of Government incentive policy on car producers under big data background. Driven by big data, the producers can effectively predict the consumers demand on EV. We research on the mechanism of government subsidies and carbon tax influence on producers' decision‐making by establishing an evolutionary game model between governments and producers, and integrating with prospect theory, we get a Perceived Benefit Matrix which is different from the traditional payoff matrix to research the behavior of the government and the producer decision‐making. Theoretical study and simulation show that, under static subsidies and carbon tax, there does not exist real Nash equilibrium in evolution system, and the initial state affects the track of evolution system; only when the government intervention cost and subsidies are less than carbon tax and the different profit between producing electric vehicle and fuel vehicle is greater than actual input, the evolution system will have a stable state, which the producers would produce electric vehicle under government intervention; the system is more sensitive on the degree of perceived value and degree of loss aversion, so it is more important to strength the producers confidence in producing electric vehicles; raising the subsidy and carbon tax policies can induce producers to choose producing electric vehicles, and in these measures, producers are more sensitive in carbon tax.
Efficient and Hole‐Transporting‐Layer‐Free CsPbI2Br Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells through Rubidium Passivation
Authors: Guo Yixin , Zhao Fei , Tao Jiahua , Jiang Jinchun , Zhang Jungang , Yang Jianping , Hu Zhigao , Chu Junhao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Jinchun Jiang at East China Normal University. The image shows a novel inorganic perovskite solar cell with rubidium‐passivated CsPbI2Br film and a low‐cost carbon electrode. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201802690.