bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Who needs secure services for personality disorder?” Results of an expert Delphi study with professional staff
Authors: Foyston Zoe , Taylor Celia , Freestone Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPersonality Disorder (PD) is an enduring, multi-faceted mental disorder, associated with adverse health effects, difficulties with interpersonal relationships and in some cases increased risk to others. A limited number of dedicated forensic mental health services are available for serious offenders with severe personality disorder. The recent Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) strategy aims to ensure that most such offenders are treated in prison rather than secure psychiatric services, except in highly complex cases where this is not possible. While the strategy sets out very broad criteria relating to this, greater clarity is needed to support decisions about appropriate transfer and hence enhance public protection. This study explored which characteristics professional experts associate with appropriate transfer from prison to forensic mental health services for high-risk offenders with PD.MethodA modified Delphi survey distributed through an online survey system was conducted in two-rounds with a group of professional experts recruited from forensic mental healthcare; criminal justice and specialist commissioning.ResultsFifty-one (56%) respondents completed stage one of the Delphi and 34 (61%) of these completed stage two. Consensus was reached for a total of 22 items indicating complexity, including co-morbid mental illness, high level of risk, lack of progress in prison and high motivation for treatment. A preliminary checklist for these factors was developed. Panel members consistently emphasised the importance of the individual’s presenting need, the overall clinical picture and formulation in their free text responses.ConclusionsProfessionals face a complex picture when making decisions regarding suitability for hospital admission for high-risk male offenders with PD, with varied opinions amongst professional experts as to priorities for intervention and a focus on individual needs through formulation. It was, nevertheless, possible to condense these views into a set of consistent variables that can be used to highlight the need for transfer into hospital-based treatment services.
Assessing the micro-scale environment using Google Street View: the Virtual Systematic Tool for Evaluating Pedestrian Streetscapes (Virtual-STEPS)
Authors: Steinmetz-Wood Madeleine , Velauthapillai Kabisha , O’Brien Grace , Ross Nancy A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
Altering micro-scale features of neighborhood walkability (e.g., benches, sidewalks, and cues of social disorganization or crime) could be a relatively cost-effective method of creating environments that are conducive to active living. Traditionally, measuring the micro-scale environment has required researchers to perform observational audits. Technological advances have led to the development of virtual audits as alternatives to observational field audits with the enviable properties of cost-efficiency from elimination of travel time and increased safety for auditors. This study examined the reliability of the Virtual Systematic Tool for Evaluating Pedestrian Streetscapes (Virtual-STEPS), a Google Street View-based auditing tool specifically designed to remotely assess micro-scale characteristics of the built environment.

Methods
We created Virtual-STEPS, a tool with 40 items categorized into 6 domains (pedestrian infrastructure, traffic calming and streets, building characteristics, bicycling infrastructure, transit, and aesthetics). Items were selected based on their past abilities to predict active living and on their feasibility for a virtual auditing tool. Two raters performed virtual and field audits of street segments in Montreal neighborhoods stratified by the Walkscore that was used to determine the ‘walking-friendliness’ of a neighborhood. The reliability between virtual and field audits (n = 40), as well as inter-rater reliability (n = 60) were assessed using percent agreement, Cohen’s Kappa statistic, and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient.

Results
Virtual audits and field audits (excluding travel time) took similar amounts of time to perform (9.8 versus 8.2 min). Percentage agreement between virtual and field audits, and for inter-rater agreement was 80% or more for the majority of items included in the Virtual-STEPS tool. There was high reliability between virtual and field audits with Kappa and ICC statistics indicating that 20 out of 40 (50.0%) items had almost perfect agreement and 13 (32.5%) items had substantial agreement. Inter-rater reliability was also high with 17 items (42.5%) with almost perfect agreement and 11 (27.5%) items with substantial agreement.

Conclusions
Virtual-STEPS is a reliable tool. Tools that measure the micro-scale environment are important because changing this environment could be a relatively cost-effective method of creating environments that are conducive to active living.
Readmissions, revisions, and mortality after treatment for proximal humeral fractures in three large states
Authors: Dabija Dominique I. , Guan Hongshu , Neviaser Andrew , Jain Nitin B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Proximal humeral fractures can be treated non-operatively or operatively with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and arthroplasty. Our objective was to assess practice patterns for operative and non-operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures. We also report on complications, readmissions, in-hospital mortality, and need for surgery after initial treatment of proximal humeral fractures in California, Florida, and New York.

Methods
The State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, were used for the states of California (2005–2011), Florida (2005–2014), and New York (2008–2014). Data on patients with proximal humeral fractures was extracted. Patients underwent non-operative or operative (ORIF or arthroplasty) treatment at baseline and were followed for at least 4 years from the index presentation. If the patient needed subsequent surgery, time to event was calculated in days, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted.

Results
At the index visit, 90.3% of patients with proximal humeral fractures had non-operative treatment, 6.7% had ORIF, and 3.0% had arthroplasty. 7.6% of patients initially treated non-operatively, 6.6% initially treated with ORIF, and 7.2% initially treated with arthroplasty needed surgery during follow-up. Device complications were the primary reason for readmission in 5.3% of ORIF patients and 6.7% of arthroplasty patients (p < 0.0001). All-cause in-hospital mortality was 9.8% for patients managed non-operatively, 8.8% for ORIF, and 10.0% for arthroplasty (p = 0.003).

Conclusions
A majority of patients with proximal humeral fractures underwent non-operative treatment. There was a relatively high all-cause in-hospital mortality irrespective of treatment. Given the recent debate on operative versus non-operative treatment for proximal humeral fractures, our study provides valuable information on the need for revision surgery after initial treatment. The differences in rates of revision surgery between patients treated non-operatively, with ORIF, and with arthroplasty were small in magnitude. At nine years of follow-up, ORIF had the lowest probability of needing follow-up surgery, and arthroplasty had the highest.
Inhibition of H1N1 influenza virus infection by zinc oxide nanoparticles: another emerging application of nanomedicine
Authors: Ghaffari Hadi , Tavakoli Ahmad , Moradi Abdolvahab , Tabarraei Alijan , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Zahmatkeshan Masoumeh , Farahmand Mohammad , Javanmard Davod , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Esghaei Maryam , Pirhajati-Mahabadi Vahid , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Ataei-Pirkooh Angila 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Currently available anti-influenza drugs are often associated with limitations such as toxicity and the appearance of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is a pressing need for the development of novel, safe and more efficient antiviral agents. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles against H1N1 influenza virus.

Methods
The nanoparticles were characterized using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, x-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microscopy. MTT assay was applied to assess the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles, and anti-influenza activity was determined by TCID50 and quantitative Real-Time PCR assays. To study the inhibitory impact of nanoparticles on the expression of viral antigens, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was also performed.

Results
Post-exposure of influenza virus with PEGylated ZnO-NPs and bare ZnO-NPs at the highest non-toxic concentrations could be led to 2.8 and 1.2 log10 TCID50 reduction in virus titer when compared to the virus control, respectively (P < 0.0001). At the highest non-toxic concentrations, the PEGylated and unPEGylated ZnO-NPs led to inhibition rates of 94.6% and 52.2%, respectively, which were calculated based on the viral loads. There was a substantial decrease in fluorescence emission intensity in viral-infected cell treated with PEGylated ZnO-NPs compared to the positive control.

Conclusions
Taken together, our study indicated that PEGylated ZnO-NPs could be a novel, effective, and promising antiviral agent against H1N1 influenza virus infection, and future studies can be designed to explore the exact antiviral mechanism of these nanoparticles.
Adolescent wine consumption is inversely associated with long-term weight gain: results from follow-up of 20 or 22 years
Authors: Poudel Pratiksha , Ismailova Kamila , Andersen Lars Bo , Larsen Sofus C. , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested a link between the type of alcoholic beverage consumption and body weight. However, results from longitudinal studies have been inconsistent, and the association between adolescent alcohol consumption long-term weight gain has generally not been examined.MethodsThe study was based on data from 720 Danish adolescents aged between 15 to 19 years at baseline from the Danish Youth and Sports Study (YSS). Self-reported alcohol use, height, weight, smoking, social economic status (SES) and physical activity levels were assessed in baseline surveys conducted in 1983 and 1985, and in the follow up survey which was conducted in 2005. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between alcohol consumption in adolescence and subsequent weight gain later in midlife.ResultsThere was no significant association between total alcohol consumption during adolescence and change in BMI into midlife(P = 0.079) (β − 0.14; 95% CI -0.28, 0.005). Wine consumption was found to be inversely associated to subsequent BMI gain(P = 0.001) (β − 0.46; 95% CI -0.82, − 0.09) while the results were not significant for beer and spirit. The relationship did not differ by gender, but smoking status was found to modify the relationship, and the inverse association between alcohol and BMI gain was seen only among non-smokers (P = 0.01) (β − 0.24; 95% CI -0.41, − 0.06) while no association was found among smokers. Neither adolescent nor attained socioeconomic status in adulthood modified the relationship between alcohol intake and subsequent BMI gain.ConclusionAmong non-smoking adolescents, consumption of alcohol, and in particular wine, seems to be associated with less weight gain until midlife.Trial registrationThe YSS cohort was retrospectively registered on August 2017. (Study ID number:NCT03244150).
Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples
Authors: Santos Joseph Alvin , Rosewarne Emalie , Hogendorf Martyna , Trieu Kathy , Pillay Arti , Ieremia Merina , Naseri Leausa Toleafoa Take , Tukana Isimeli , Snowdon Wendy , Petersen Kristina , Webster Jacqui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
There is an increasing interest in finding less costly and burdensome alternatives to measuring population-level salt intake than 24-h urine collection, such as spot urine samples. However, little is known about their usefulness in developing countries like Fiji and Samoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of spot urine samples to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.

Methods
The study involved secondary analyses of urine data from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Fiji and Samoa between 2012 and 2016. Mean salt intake was estimated from spot urine samples using six equations, and compared with the measured salt intake from 24-h urine samples. Differences and agreement between the two methods were examined through paired samples t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis, and Bland-Altman plots and analyses.

Results
A total of 414 participants from Fiji and 725 participants from Samoa were included. Unweighted mean salt intake based on 24-h urine collection was 10.58 g/day (95% CI 9.95 to 11.22) in Fiji and 7.09 g/day (95% CI 6.83 to 7.36) in Samoa. In both samples, the INTERSALT equation with potassium produced the closest salt intake estimate to the 24-h urine (difference of − 0.92 g/day, 95% CI − 1.67 to − 0.18 in the Fiji sample and + 1.53 g/day, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.77 in the Samoa sample). The presence of proportional bias was evident for all equations except for the Kawasaki equation.

Conclusion
These data suggest that additional studies where both 24-h urine and spot urine samples are collected are needed to further assess whether methods based on spot urine samples can be confidently used to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.
A chitosan-based cascade-responsive drug delivery system for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Niu Shiwei , Williams Gareth R. , Wu Jianrong , Wu Junzi , Zhang Xuejing , Chen Xia , Li Shude , Jiao Jianlin , Zhu Li-Min 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
It is extremely difficult to develop targeted treatments for triple-negative breast (TNB) cancer, because these cells do not express any of the key biomarkers usually exploited for this goal.

Results
In this work, we develop a solution in the form of a cascade responsive nanoplatform based on thermo-sensitive poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL)-chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). These are further modified with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). The base copolymer was optimized to undergo a phase change at the elevated temperatures of the tumor microenvironment. The acid-responsive properties of CS provide a second trigger for drug release, and the inclusion of CPP should ensure the formulations accumulate in cancerous tissue. The resultant CPP-CS-co-PNVCL NPs could self-assemble in aqueous media into spherical NPs of size < 200 nm and with low polydispersity. They are able to accommodate a high DOX loading (14.8% w/w). The NPs are found to be selectively taken up by cancerous cells both in vitro and in vivo, and result in less off-target cytotoxicity than treatment with DOX alone. In vivo experiments employing a TNB xenograft mouse model demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor volume and prolonging of life span, with no obvious systemic toxicity.

Conclusions
The system developed in this work has the potential to provide new therapies for hard-to-treat cancers.
Correction to: An isogenic neurovascular unit model comprised of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons
Authors: Canfield Scott G. , Stebbins Matthew J. , Faubion Madeline G. , Gastfriend Benjamin D. , Palecek Sean P. , Shusta Eric V. 
Published: September 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], the author has reported that in Figure 1 (b and c) the y-axis TEER (© x cm2) should be replaced with TEER (Ω x cm2).
Engineered Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense with nfnAB knockout for improved hydrogen production from lignocellulose hydrolysates
Authors: Li Yang , Hu Jialei , Qu Chunyun , Chen Lili , Guo Xiaolong , Fu Hongxin , Wang Jufang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
As a renewable and clean energy carrier, the production of biohydrogen from low-value feedstock such as lignocellulose has increasingly garnered interest. The NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (NfnAB) complex catalyzes electron transfer between reduced ferredoxin and NAD(P)+, which is critical for production of NAD(P)H-dependent products such as hydrogen and ethanol. In this study, the effects on end-product formation of deletion of nfnAB from Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27 were investigated.

Results
Compared with the parental strain, the NADH/NAD+ ratio in the ∆nfnAB mutant was increased. The concentration of hydrogen and ethanol produced increased by (41.1 ± 2.37)% (p < 0.01) and (13.24 ± 1.12)% (p < 0.01), respectively, while the lactic acid concentration decreased by (11.88 ± 0.96)% (p < 0.01) when the ∆nfnAB mutant used glucose as sole carbon source. No obvious inhibition effect was observed for either SCUT27 or SCUT27/∆nfnAB when six types of lignocellulose hydrolysate pretreated with dilute acid were used for hydrogen production. Notably, the SCUT27/∆nfnAB mutant produced 190.63–209.31 mmol/L hydrogen, with a yield of 1.66–1.77 mol/mol and productivity of 12.71–13.95 mmol/L h from nonsterilized rice straw and corn cob hydrolysates pretreated with dilute acid.

Conclusions
The T. aotearoense SCUT27/∆nfnAB mutant showed higher hydrogen yield and productivity compared with those of the parental strain. Hence, we demonstrate that deletion of nfnAB from T. aotearoense SCUT27 is an effective approach to improve hydrogen production by redirecting the electron flux, and SCUT27/∆nfnAB is a promising candidate strain for efficient biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
A genetic tool for production of GFP-expressing Rhodopseudomonas palustris for visualization of bacterial colonization
Authors: Zhai Zhongying , Du Jiao , Chen Lijie , Hamid Muhammad Rizwan , Du Xiaohua , Kong Xiaoting , Cheng Jue , Tang Wen , Zhang Deyong , Su Pin , Liu Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Development of a genetic tool for visualization of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) is essential for understanding microbial function during their interaction with plant and microflora. In this study, Rhodopseudomonas palustris GJ-22-gfp harboring the vector pBBR1-pckAPT-gfp was constructed using an electroporation transformation method and was used for dynamic tracing of bacteria in plants. The results showed that strain GJ-22-gfp was stable and did not affect the biocontrol function, and the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) results indicated it could successfully colonised on the surface of leaf and root of tobacco and rice. In tobacco leaves, cells formed aggregates on the mesophyll epidermal cells. While in rice, no aggregate was found. Instead, the fluorescent cells colonise the longitudinal intercellular spaces between epidermal cells. In addition, the results of strain GJ-22 on the growth promotion and disease resistance of tobacco and rice indicated that the different colonization patterns might be related to the bacteria could induce systemic resistance in tobacco.
Contraindications to immunotherapy: a global approach
Authors: Pitsios C. , Tsoumani M. , Bilò M. B. , Sturm G. J. , Rodríguez del Río P. , Gawlik R. , Ruëff F. , Paraskevopoulos G. , Valovirta E. , Pfaar O. , Calderón M. A. , Demoly P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Recommendations on contraindications to allergen immunotherapy (AIT) have been independently developed by National and International Societies/Academies. AIT contraindications are mainly based on case reports, case-series, or experts’ opinion, while evidence-based information is limited. The aim of the present review was to describe existing guidelines on contraindications to AIT and to highlight differences between them.

Main body
An extended review of the literature regarding contraindications to AIT for respiratory allergy and venom hypersensitivity was performed. Furthermore, Societies and Academies registered in the World Allergy Organization and EAACI databases, were asked for additional information. Only AIT guidelines published under official auspicies were included. A large heterogeneity among the various recommendations on contraindications was registered. Common contraindications to most of the guidelines were: lack of adherence, pregnancy before the start of AIT, the use of beta-blockers, certain age groups, uncontrolled asthma, autoimmune diseases and malignancies.

Conclusion
As new data arise, revisions might soon be needed allowing AIT in the cases of patients treated with ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, in elderly patients and in patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases and neoplasias in remission. The decision to prescribe AIT is always tailor-made, balancing risk vs benefit. Creating globally accepted guidelines would help Allergologists in their decision making.
Acceptability of innovative biomass heating plants in a German case study—a contribution to cultural landscape management and local energy supply
Authors: Busse Maria , Siebert Rosemarie , Heitepriem Nico 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
To prevent negative effects on the cultural landscape through land abandonment or agricultural intensification, innovative solutions towards more sustainable land use are required. Local bioenergy systems using agricultural co-products are perceived as one solution to threatened cultural landscapes with small-scale meadows. The aim of this paper is to analyse the acceptability of biomass heating plants in the Spreewald region (Germany) and their contribution to cultural landscape management.

Methods
We asked 17 farmers about the likelihood that they would install a biomass plant on their farms and about their reasons for accepting or rejecting it. A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis was applied.

Results
The analysis showed that acceptance is relatively low. We identified three types of farmers: proponents and potential adopters, ethically concerned opponents, and open-minded refusers. Biomass plants were likely to be accepted if farmers stated an ethical acceptance of and interest in technology, a need for a new heating system, the availability of sufficient feedstock, and a perceived unproblematic readiness of technology—all these factors had to exist in combination. On the other hand, farmers rejected a biomass plant if one of the following factors existed: ethical concerns about “burning hay”, satisfaction with their current oven, low availability of feedstock, or a perceived low readiness of technology. Other factors were the existence of procedural justice, trust in coordinating actors, and a demonstration plant.

Conclusions
The discussion shows that the specific results have to be contextualised within the innovation process for sustainable landscape management. This may be achieved by integrating the acceptability study into an adaptive landscape design. This relies on mutable acceptability decisions, reflexive learning processes, and iterative feedback loops in innovation processes. Our paper advances knowledge about (1) how to prevent land abandonment and simultaneously promote regional energy and (2) the acceptability in the field of land use and landscape management.

Keywords
Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA); Bioenergy; Energy transitions; Co-products; Biomass conversion; Gasification; Land abandonment; Wetlands; Integrative landscape design