bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweat Loss and Hydration Habits of Female Olympic, Varsity and Recreational Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Bigg Jessica Lynne , Gamble Alexander Shand Davis , Vermeulen Tyler Fredrick , Boville Stephanie Michelle , Eskedjian Greg S. , Palmer Matthew Stephen , Spriet Lawrence L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study measured sweat losses, voluntary fluid intake, sodium balance, and carbohydrate intake of female ice hockey players during on-ice practices at the Olympic, varsity, and recreational levels. Testing was conducted on 25 Canadian Olympic players, 21 varsity, and 21 recreational players. The average sweat rate for the Olympic players (0.99±0.08 L/h) was significantly greater than both the varsity (0.67±0.05 L/h, p=0.001) and the recreational players (0.42±0.03 L/h, p<0.001), and the varsity players also had a significantly greater sweat rate than the recreational athletes (p=0.016). Total fluid intake was significantly greater for both the Olympic (p=0.001) and varsity players (p=0.007) compared to the recreational group. Only 3 of 25 Olympic players lost>1.5% BM and 4 others lost>1% BM, with no players in both the varsity and recreational teams losing>1% BM. Half of the Olympic players consumed some carbohydrate during practice, but most of the varsity and recreational players did not. In conclusion, sweat rates in female ice hockey players during practices were proportional to competitive level. Fluid intake was similar between groups and resulted in only a few athletes at the Olympic level being at risk of excess body mass loss.
The Roles of Neuropilin 2/VEGF-C Axis in a Series of Recurrent Lymphangioma
Authors: Yan Xueqiang , Zheng Nannan , Xiong Xiaoli , Duan Xufei , Yang Jun , Bian Hongqiang , Zhu Zhenchuang , Xiong Xiaofeng , Chen Xuyong 
Published: April 2019

Introduction Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor act as a major contributor to lymphangioma, but their role on nonrecurrent and recurrent lymphangiomas remain unclear. We aim to investigate those factors in the generation of recurrent lymphangioma.
Materials and Methods Patients diagnosed with lymphangioma from January 2005 to December 2012 in our hospital were collected and divided into nonrecurrent and recurrent lymphangiomas. The clinical characteristics including age, sex, symptoms, location, and size of lymphangioma were collected. Surgical resection samples were collected for histology, protein and mRNA detection of VEGF-C, VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), and neuropilin 2 (Nrp2). Follow-ups including lymphangioma recurrent and the local symptoms such as ulcer were reviewed.
Results A total of 80 patients aged from 5 months to 12 years were enrolled in this study, 51 patients had no recurrence and other 29 patients suffered from recurrent lymphangioma. There was no significant difference in demographic data and clinical characters between the two groups (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that VEGFR-3 remained unchanged between nonrecurrent and recurrent lymphangiomas (p > 0.05), and VEGF-C and Nrp2 were significantly increased in recurrent lymphangioma compared with nonrecurrent lymphangioma (p < 0.05). The same expression trend was proved as detected by protein and mRNA levels.
Conclusion The VEGF-C/Nrp2 axis was significantly increased in the recurrent lymphangioma, indicating that VEGF-C/Nrp2 targeted therapy may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for recurrent lymphangioma.
Dueling nationalisms in North and South Korea
Authors: Park Seo-Hyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAre frequent appeals to autonomy and self-reliance by political leaders indicative of strong North and South Korean nationalism? As divided nations that have experienced colonization and Cold War intervention, North and South Korea are described as having particularly nationalistic tendencies, exemplified by the extreme ideology of self-reliance in North Korea and episodes of anti-Japanism and anti-Americanism in South Korea. But often ignored in existing structural or cultural deterministic accounts is the other side of “Great Power” nationalism in both Koreas—that is, the desire to become advanced nations themselves by emulating the success of Great Powers. The argument presented here is that such an outward-looking nationalism is also a shared source of Korean foreign policy and has become a source of domestic legitimacy battles, during which weakened leaders turn to greater autonomy to bolster their political positions. Through a comparative examination of the evolution of juche in North Korea, which began as a reaction to perceived Soviet interference in the mid-1950s, and the development of anti-sadae (Great-Power revering) thought in postwar South Korea, this article attempts to explain the role of Great Powers in, as well as identify the patterns of, domestic legitimacy contestation in Korean foreign policy.
Human mutations highlight an intersubunit cation–π bond that stabilizes the closed but not open or inactivated states of TRPV channels
Authors: Teng Jinfeng , Anishkin Andriy , Kung Ching , Blount Paul 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels are key cation channels that respond to thermal, chemical, electric, or mechanical stimuli. There are >60 mutations known in TrpV4 that cause defects in bone or neural development. Two mutations guided us to examine a cation–π bond, which we found to tie the four subunits together to help close the channel gate. This or a similar bond is seen in many structures of TRP channels. In experiments, breaking this bond favors opening and inactivation of TRPV4.
CLEASE: a versatile and user-friendly implementation of cluster expansion method
Authors: Chang Jin Hyun , Kleiven David , Melander Marko , Akola Jaakko , Garcia-Lastra Juan Maria , Vegge Tejs 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Materials exhibiting a substitutional disorder such as multicomponent alloys and mixed metal oxides/oxyfluorides are of great importance in many scientific and technological sectors. Disordered materials constitute an overwhelmingly large configurational space, which makes it practically impossible to be explored manually using first-principles calculations such as density functional theory due to the high computational costs. Consequently, the use of methods such as cluster expansion (CE) is vital in enhancing our understanding of the disordered materials. CE dramatically reduces the computational cost by mapping the first-principles calculation results on to a Hamiltonian which is much faster to evaluate. In this work, we present our implementation of the CE method, which is integrated as a part of the atomic simulation environment (ASE) open-source package. The versatile and user-friendly code automates the complex set up and construction procedure of CE while giving the users the flexibility to tweak the settings and to import their own structures and previous calculation results. Recent advancements such as regularization techniques from machine learning are implemented in the developed code. The code allows the users to construct CE on any bulk lattice structure, which makes it useful for a wide range of applications involving complex materials. We demonstrate the capabilities of our implementation by analyzing the two example materials with varying complexities: a binary metal alloy and a disordered lithium chromium oxyfluoride.
Enhanced continuous generation of non-Gaussianity through optomechanical modulation
Authors: Qvarfort Sofia , Serafini Alessio , Xuereb André , Rätzel Dennis , Bruschi David Edward 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We study the non-Gaussian character of quantum optomechanical systems evolving under the fully nonlinear optomechanical Hamiltonian. By using a measure of non-Gaussianity based on the relative entropy of an initially Gaussian state, we quantify the amount of non-Gaussianity induced by both a constant and time-dependent cubic light–matter coupling and study its general and asymptotic behaviour. We find analytical approximate expressions for the measure of non-Gaussianity and show that initial thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical element does not significantly impact the non-Gaussianity. More importantly, we also show that it is possible to continuously increase the amount of non-Gassuianity of the state by driving the light–matter coupling at the frequency of mechanical resonance, suggesting a viable mechanism for increasing the non-Gaussianity of optomechanical systems even in the presence of noise.
Interferometric measurement of micro-g acceleration with levitated atoms
Authors: Carli A Di , Colquhoun C D , Kuhr S , Haller E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The sensitivity of atom interferometers is usually limited by the observation time of a free falling cloud of atoms in Earth’s gravitational field. Considerable efforts are currently made to increase this observation time, e.g. in fountain experiments, drop towers and in space. In this article, we experimentally study and discuss the use of magnetic levitation for interferometric precision measurements. We employ a Bose–Einstein condensate of cesium atoms with tuneable interaction and a Michelson interferometer scheme for the detection of micro-g acceleration. In addition, we demonstrate observation times of 1s, which are comparable to current drop-tower experiments, we study the curvature of our force field, and we observe the effects of a phase-shifting element in the interferometer paths.
Neuropathological correlates of structural and functional imaging biomarkers in 4-repeat tauopathies
Authors: Spina Salvatore , Brown Jesse A , Deng Jersey , Gardner Raquel C , Nana Alissa L , Hwang Ji-Hye L , Gaus Stephanie E , Huang Eric J , Kramer Joel H , Rosen Howie J , Kornak John , Neuhaus John , Miller Bruce L , Grinberg Lea T , Boxer Adam L , Seeley William W 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementia syndromes are characterized by spreading of pathological protein deposition along syndrome-specific neural networks. Structural and functional MRI measures can assess the integrity of these networks and have been proposed as biomarkers of disease progression for clinical trials. The relationship between in vivo imaging measures and pathological features, at the single subject level, remains largely unknown. Patient-specific maps of atrophy and seed-based intrinsic connectivity disruption, as compared to normal controls, were obtained for 27 patients subsequently diagnosed with progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 16, seven males, age at death 68.9 ± 6.0 years, imaging-to-pathology interval = 670.2 ± 425.1 days) or corticobasal degeneration (n = 11, two males, age at death 66.7 ± 5.4 years, imaging-to-pathology interval = 696.2 ± 482.2 days). A linear mixed effect model with crossed random effects was used to test regional and single-subject level associations between post-mortem regional measures of neurodegeneration and tau inclusion burden, on the one hand, and regional volume loss and seed-based intrinsic connectivity reduction, on the other. A significant association was found between tau inclusion burden and in vivo volume loss, at the regional level and independent of neurodegeneration severity, in both progressive supranuclear palsy [n = 340 regions; beta 0.036; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 0.072; P = 0.046] and corticobasal degeneration (n = 215 regions; beta 0.044; 95% CI: 0.009, 0.079; P = 0.013). We also found a significant association between post-mortem neurodegeneration and in vivo volume loss in both progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 340 regions; beta 0.155; 95% CI: 0.061, 0.248; P = 0.001) and corticobasal degeneration (n = 215 regions; beta 0.277; 95% CI: 0.104, 0.450; P = 0.002). We found a significant association between regional neurodegeneration and intrinsic connectivity dysfunction in corticobasal degeneration (n = 215 regions; beta 0.074; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.143; P = 0.035), but no other associations between post-mortem measures of tauopathy and intrinsic connectivity dysfunction reached statistical significance. Our data suggest that in vivo structural imaging measures reflect independent contributions from neurodegeneration and tau burden in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Seed-based measures of intrinsic connectivity dysfunction showed less reliable predictive value when used as in vivo biomarkers of tauopathy. The findings provide important guidance for the use of imaging biomarkers as indirect in vivo assays of microscopic pathology.
Accelerating Structural Degeneration in Temporal Regions and Their Effects on Cognition in Aging of MCI Patients
Authors: Li Xin , Xia Jianan , Ma Chao , Chen Kewei , Xu Kai , Zhang Junying , Chen Yaojing , Li He , Wei Dongfeng , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Age is the major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is limited evidence about MCI-specific aging-related simultaneous changes of the brain structure and their impact on cognition. We analyzed the brain imaging data from 269 subjects (97 MCI patients and 172 cognitively normal [CN] elderly) using voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics procedures to explore the special structural pattern during aging. We found that the patients with MCI showed accelerated age-related reductions in gray matter volume in the left planum temporale, thalamus, and posterior cingulate gyrus. The similar age×group interaction effect was found in the fractional anisotropy of the bilateral parahippocampal cingulum white matter tract, which connects the temporal regions. Importantly, the age-related temporal gray matter and white matter alterations were more significantly related to performance in memory and attention tasks in MCI patients. The accelerated degeneration patterns in the brain structure provide evidence for different neural mechanisms underlying aging in MCI patients. Temporal structural degeneration may serve as a potential imaging marker for distinguishing the progression of the preclinical AD stage from normal aging.
A competing-risks nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis for cause-specific mortality in patients with esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Zhang G , Wu B , Wang X , Li J 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARY
The objective of this study is to estimate the probability of cause-specific mortality using a competing-risks nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis in a large population-based cohort of patients with esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma. The surveillance, epidemiology and end results database was used to identify 162 patients diagnosed with esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma from 1998 to 2014. We estimated a cumulative incidence function for cause-specific mortality. A nomogram was constructed by using a proportional subdistribution hazard model, validated using bootstrap cross-validation, and evaluated with a decision curve analysis to assess its clinical utility. Finally, we performed risk stratification using a recursive partitioning analysis to divide patients with esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma into clinically useful prognostic groups. Tumor location, distant metastasis, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were significantly associated with cause-specific mortality. The calibration plots demonstrated good concordance between the predicted and actual outcomes. The discrimination performance of a Fine–Gray model was evaluated by using the c-index, which was 0.723 for cause-specific mortality. The decision curve analysis ranged from 0.268 to 0.968 for the threshold probability at which the risk model provided net clinical benefits relative to hypothetical all-screening and no-screening scenarios. The risk groups stratified by a recursive partitioning analysis allowed significant distinction between cumulative incidence curves. We determined the probability of cause-specific mortality in patients with esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma and developed a nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis stratification system based on a competing-risks model. The nomogram and recursive partitioning analysis appear to be suitable for risk stratification of cause-specific mortality in patients with esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma and will help clinicians to identify patients at increased risk of cause-specific mortality to guide treatment and surveillance decisions.
Sublobar resection for node-negative lung cancer 2–5 cm in size
Authors: Stiles Brendon M , Mao Jialin , Harrison Sebron , Lee Benjamin , Port Jeffrey L , Altorki Nasser K , Sedrakyan Art 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Sublobar resection (SLR) is an alternative to lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Outcomes following SLR for tumours >2 cm are not well described. We sought to determine the utilization of SLR for stage I tumours >2–5 cm in size and to determine predictors of outcome.

METHODS
We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER)-Medicare database to identify NSCLC patients with primary lung cancer ≥66 years old with stage I cancers >2–5 cm in size. We evaluated overall survival and cancer-specific survival among cohorts undergoing lobectomy versus SLR. Propensity score matching was performed. We compared patient characteristics and survival between groups.

RESULTS
For the study time period (2007–2012), among patients with tumours >2 cm and ≤5 cm (n = 4582), 3890 lobectomies (85%) and 692 SLR (15%) were performed. Patients undergoing SLR were older, had smaller tumours and more comorbidities. Patients undergoing lobectomy were much more likely to have any lymph nodes removed (95.6% vs 65.6%, P < 0.001) and to have >10 nodes removed (29.6% vs 7.5%, P < 0.001). All-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, confidence interval (CI) 1.48–1.85] and cancer-specific (HR 1.63, CI 1.29–2.06) mortality were higher following SLR. At 3 years, overall survival (60.9%, CI 57.0–64.6% vs 54.4%, CI 50.4–58.2%) and cancer-specific survival (87.3%, CI 83.5–90.3% vs 76.5%, CI 71.0–81.1%) favoured lobectomy over SLR. In propensity-matched groups, both all-cause (HR 1.27, CI 1.10–1.47) and cancer-specific (HR 1.54, CI 1.11–2.16) mortality rates were higher with SLR.

CONCLUSIONS
In pathologically staged patients, SLR appears inferior to lobectomy for stage I NSCLC 2–5 cm in size. SLR is associated with less extensive lymphadenectomy and with worse survival than lobectomy in this cohort of patients. However, the 76.5% 3-year cancer-specific survival in patients undergoing SLR may exceed that of other localized treatment options for NSCLC. As such, SLR may be an appropriate option for high-risk patients with carefully staged 2–5 cm N0 tumours.
Erratum: “Abelian Arithmetic Chern–Simons Theory and Arithmetic Linking Numbers”
Authors: Chung Hee-Joong , Kim Dohyeong , Kim Minhyong , Pappas George , Park Jeehoon , Yoo Hwajong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We wish to point out errors in the paper “Abelian Arithmetic Chern–Simons Theory and Arithmetic Linking Numbers”, International Mathematics Research Notices, Vol. 2017, No. 00, pp. 1–29. The main error concerns the symmetry of the “ramified case” of the height pairing, which relies on the vanishing of the Bockstein map in Proposition 3.5. The surjectivity claimed in the 1st line of the proof of Proposition 3.5 is incorrect. The specific results that are affected are Proposition 3.5; Lemmas 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9; and Corollary 3.11. The definition of the $(S,n)$-height pairing following Lemma 3.9 is also invalid, since the symmetry of the pairing was required for it to be well defined. The results of Section 3 before Proposition 3.5 as well as those of the other Sections are unaffected.
Proposition 3.10 is correct, but the proof is unclear and has some sign errors. So we include here a correction. As in the paper, let $I$ be an ideal such that $I^n$ is principal in ${\mathcal{O}}_{F,S}$. Write $I^n=(f^{-1})$. Then the Kummer cocycles $k_n(f)$ will be in $Z^1(U, {{\mathbb{Z}}/{n}{\mathbb{Z}}})$. For any $a\in F$, denote by $a_S$ its image in $\prod _{v\in S} F_v$. Thus, we get an element $$\begin{equation*}[f]_{S,n}:=[(k_n(f), k_{n^2}(f_S), 0)] \in Z^1(U, {{{\mathbb{Z}}}/{n}{{\mathbb{Z}}}} \times_S{\mathbb{Z}}/n^2{\mathbb{Z}}),\end{equation*}$$which is well defined in cohomology independently of the choice of roots used to define the Kummer cocycles. (We have also trivialized both $\mu _{n^2}$ and $\mu _n$.)
Impact of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dual Infection on Female Genital Tract Mucosal Immunity and the Vaginal Microbiome
Authors: Keller Marla J , Huber Ashley , Espinoza Lilia , Serrano Myrna G , Parikh Hardik I , Buck Gregory A , Gold Jeremy A , Wu Yiqun , Wang Tao , Herold Betsy C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMechanisms linking herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are not fully defined. We tested the hypothesis that HSV-2 and HIV dual infection is associated with cervicovaginal inflammation and/or vaginal dysbiosis.MethodsGenital tract samples were obtained weekly over a 12-week period from 30 women seropositive (+) for HIV and HSV-2 and 15 women each who were seropositive for one or seronegative (−) for both viruses. Immune mediators, antimicrobial activity, and microbial composition and diversity were compared.ResultsSignificant differences in the concentrations of interferon-γ (P = .002), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = .03), human beta defensin 1 (P = .001), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (P = .01), and lysozyme (P = .03) were observed across the 4 groups (Kruskal-Wallis). There were also significant differences in vaginal microbial alpha diversity (Simpson index) (P = .0046). Specifically, when comparing HIV-1+/HSV-2+ to HIV-1−/HSV-2− women, a decrease in Lactobacillus crispatus and increase in diverse anaerobes was observed. The number of genital HSV outbreaks was greater in HIV+ versus HIV− women (39 versus 12) (P = .04), but there were no significant differences when comparing outbreak to non-outbreak visits.ConclusionsIncreased microbial diversity and cervicovaginal inflammation in HIV and HSV-2 dually infected women may adversely impact genital health and, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, facilitate HIV shedding.