bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal investigation of customer cooperation in services: The role of appraisal of cooperation behaviors
Authors: Zhang Junzhou , Tang Chuanyi , Guo Lin , Xu Hangjun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe customer cooperation level in behavior change programs (e.g., weight‐loss programs, alcohol‐quitting programs, and debt management programs) is low, which leads to a low program success rate. To address this problem, this study draws on the goal‐driven behavior theory and develops a theoretical framework to explain how goal intention, and behavioral appraisal processes influence the subsequent cooperation behaviors, which, in turn, influence customers’ goal attainment. A two‐wave longitudinal survey was used to test the theoretical model. Results show that customers’ appraisals of the cooperation behaviors play a vital role in influencing customers’ cooperation behaviors. Three appraisal factors (self‐efficacy, instrumental belief, and affect toward cooperation behaviors) fully mediate the relationship between goal intention and cooperation. Customer cooperation contributes directly to goal attainment. Both theoretical and managerial implications are provided.
The underdog trap: The moderating role of transgression type in forgiving underdog brands
Authors: Kim Yaeri , Park Kiwan , Stacey Lee Seojin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the interactive effects of brand biography and brand transgression type on consumers’ forgiveness intention. Brand transgression is categorized as relational or nonrelational, with the former (compared to the latter) seriously undermining consumers’ high identification with underdog brands. Across four experimental studies in which transgression type is manipulated in three different ways, it is confirmed that when facing nonrelational transgressions, participants show greater forgiveness intention for underdog than for top‐dog brands. However, when facing relational transgressions, they do not show increased forgiveness intention for underdog brands compared to top‐dog brands. Moreover, perceived anger mediates the interaction effect between brand biography and brand transgression type on forgiveness intention. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Fatigue in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siciliano Mattia , Trojano Luigi , Santangelo Gabriella , De Micco Rosa , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Tessitore Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed at establishing robust prevalence estimates and identifying clinical correlates of fatigue in PD. From 2,459 titles and abstracts, we selected 44 relevant studies (n = 7427 patients). Overall, the meta‐analysis showed a prevalence of fatigue of 50% in PD. This prevalence estimate, however, was significantly moderated by study heterogeneity in measurement scales and cut‐off thresholds. In contrast, demographic features, disease severity, cognitive impairment, and depression did not moderate prevalence estimates. Moreover, fatigue prevalence did not differ between de novo and treated PD patients. Compared to nonfatigued patients, fatigued patients had sligthly higher age (1.44 years), disease duration (0.93 years), l‐dopa equivalent daily dose (50.89 units), UPDRS‐III (4.99 points), and H & Y (0.33 points), as well as risk of comorbid depression (risk ratio = 1.89) and had a little lower MMSE score (–0.66 points). Fatigue was moderately associated with apathy (Hedges' g = 0.55), anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.67), daytime somnolence (Hedges' g = 0.43), sleep disturbances (Hedges' g = 0.66), and poorer quality of life (Hedges' g = 1.23). Our analyses suggest that fatigue is a frequent, independent nonmotor symptom in PD appearing early and persisting throughout the disease course, and that establishing uniform diagnostic criteria for PD‐related fatigue is critical. In addition, several nonmotor symptoms appear to be associated with fatigue and negatively impact quality of life. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions targeting fatigue and associated symptoms may improve quality of life in patients with PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Opicapone for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A review of a new licensed medicine
Authors: Fabbri Margherita , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Lees Andrew , Stocchi Fabrizio , Poewe Werner , Tolosa Eduardo , Rascol Olivier 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCatechol‐O‐methyl transferase inhibitors are currently used as first‐line add‐on therapy to levodopa for the treatment of end‐of‐dose motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease patients, as they increase levodopa bioavailability. Several factors hamper the use of current available catechol‐O‐methyl transferase inhibitors, that is, the moderate efficacy and multiple dosing for entacapone and the risk of liver toxicity with tolcapone. Opicapone, a new long‐acting, peripherally selective, once‐daily catechol‐O‐methyl transferase inhibitor, was recently licensed in Europe. Two phase 3 double‐blind clinical trials demonstrated opicapone efficacy in reducing OFF time by an average of about 60 minutes daily compared with placebo, without increasing ON time with troublesome dyskinesias. These effects were also maintained during a subsequent open‐label extension consisting of 1‐year follow‐up. Opicapone showed a good safety profile. From June 2016, Opicapone received the approval for marketing authorization from the European Commission as adjunctive therapy to levodopa/DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors in patients with PD and end‐of‐dose motor fluctuations. We aimed to review the clinical pharmacological data of opicapone, summarize its clinical efficacy and safety issues, and discuss its potential role in the management of Parkinson's disease. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior compartment of the lower leg is a biomarker for weakness, disability, and impaired gait in childhood Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Cornett Kayla M. D. , Wojciechowski Elizabeth , Sman Amy D. , Walker Terri , Menezes Manoj P. , Bray Paula , Halaki Mark , Burns Joshua ,   for the FAST Study Group
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Biomarkers of disease severity in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) are required to evaluate early responses to treatment. In this study we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the relationship between muscle volume and intramuscular fat accumulation with weakness, disability, and impaired gait in affected children and adolescents. Methods: Fifty‐five participants underwent MRI of the anterior compartment of the lower leg. Muscle and fat volumes were calculated. Strength was measured using hand‐held dynamometry, disability using the CMT Pediatric Scale, and 3‐dimensional gait analysis using an 8‐camera Vicon Nexus motion capture system. Results: Lower muscle volume was significantly associated with reduced dorsiflexion strength, increased disability, impaired gait profile score, and foot drop. Intramuscular fat accumulation was associated with reduced dorsiflexion strength and impaired gait profile score. Discussion: The MRI protocol described was feasible, reliable, and sensitive to the magnitude of weakness, disability, and walking difficulties in children with CMT. Muscle Nerve 59:213–217, 2019
Implementing an Online Weight‐Management Intervention to an Employee Population: Initial Experience with Real Appeal
Authors: Horstman Cecelia , Aronne Louis , Wing Rena , Ryan Donna H. , Johnson William D. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveGiven the disease burden and economic costs of obesity in the United States, scalable approaches to weight loss and weight management are needed. This study evaluated self‐reported weight‐loss outcomes associated with a commercial intensive lifestyle intervention marketed to employers and delivered electronically to employees.MethodsData were collected for participants who enrolled in an online intensive lifestyle intervention weight‐loss program from July 2015 through June 2016. An intent‐to‐treat analysis of participants who attended at least one session is reported.ResultsNinety‐six companies, with approximately 437,215 eligible adult beneficiaries, launched Real Appeal in July 2015. In the first 12 months of the program, 69,598 adults enrolled and 87% met at‐risk criteria for prediabetes, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease. The intent‐to‐treat cohort (n = 52,461), all of whom attended at least one session, lost an average of 2.8% body weight, with 23% achieving 5% or more weight loss. Active participants (n = 38,836) lost an average of 3.5% body weight, with 29% achieving 5% weight loss. Program completers (n = 27,164) lost an average of 4.3% body weight, with 36% of the cohort achieving 5% weight loss.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that an employer‐offered, online, behavioral weight‐loss program was an effective, scalable solution for engaging more than 50,000 participants with overweight and obesity.
Darkness in the Human Gene and Protein Function Space: Widely Modest or Absent Illumination by the Life Science Literature and the Trend for Fewer Protein Function Discoveries Since 2000
Authors: Sinha Swati , Eisenhaber Birgit , Jensen Lars Juhl , Kalbuaji Bharata , Eisenhaber Frank 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mentioning of gene names in the body of the scientific literature 1901–2017 and their fractional counting is used as a proxy to assess the level of biological function discovery. A literature score of one has been defined as full publication equivalent (FPE), the amount of literature necessary to achieve one publication solely dedicated to a gene. It has been found that less than 5000 human genes have each at least 100 FPEs in the available literature corpus. This group of elite genes (4817 protein‐coding genes, 119 non‐coding RNAs) attracts the overwhelming majority of the scientific literature about genes. Yet, thousands of proteins have never been mentioned at all, ≈2000 further proteins have not even one FPE of literature and, for ≈4600 additional proteins, the FPE count is below 10. The protein function discovery rate measured as numbers of proteins first mentioned or crossing a threshold of accumulated FPEs in a given year has grown until 2000 but is in decline thereafter. This drop is partially offset by function discoveries for non‐coding RNAs. The full human genome sequencing does not boost the function discovery rate. Since 2000, the fastest growing group in the literature is that with at least 500 FPEs per gene.
Decreased Cry1Ac activation by midgut proteases associated with Cry1Ac resistance in Helicoverpa zea
Authors: Zhang Min , Wei Jizhen , Ni Xinzhi , Zhang Jie , Jurat‐Fuentes Juan L , Fabrick Jeffrey A , Carrière Yves , Tabashnik Bruce E , Li Xianchun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDField‐evolved resistance of Helicoverpa zea to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac was first reported more than a decade ago, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Towards understanding the mechanisms of resistance to Cry1Ac, we analyzed a susceptible (LAB‐S) and two resistant (GA and GA‐R) strains of H. zea. The GA strain was derived from Georgia and exposed to Bt toxins only in the field. The GA‐R strain was derived from the GA strain and selected for increased resistance to Cry1Ac in the laboratory.RESULTSResistance to MVPII, a liquid formulation containing a hybrid protoxin similar to Cry1Ac, was 110‐fold for GA‐R and 7.8‐fold for GA relative to LAB‐S. In midgut brush border membrane vesicles, activity of alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N did not vary significantly among strains. The activity of total proteases, trypsin‐like proteases and chymotrypsin‐like proteases was significantly lower for GA‐R and GA than LAB‐S, but did not differ between GA‐R and GA. When H. zea midgut cells were exposed to Cry1Ac protoxin that had been digested with midgut extracts, toxicity was significantly lower for extracts from GA‐R and GA relative to extracts from LAB‐S, but did not differ between GA‐R and GA. Transcriptional analysis showed that none of the five protease genes examined was associated with the decline in Cry1Ac activation in GA‐R and GA relative to LAB‐S.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that decreased Cry1Ac activation is a contributing field‐selected mechanism of resistance that helps explain the reduced susceptibility of the GA‐R and GA strains. Relative to the LAB‐S strain, the two Cry1Ac‐resistant strains had lower total protease, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, a lower Cry1Ac activation rate, and Cry1Ac protoxin incubated with their midgut extracts was less toxic to H. zea midgut cells. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
A Strategy to Refine the Phenotyping Approach and Its Implementation to Predict Drug Clearance: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Simulation Study
Authors: Adiwidjaja Jeffry , Boddy Alan V. , McLachlan Andrew J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe phenotyping approach to predict drug metabolism activity is often hampered by a lack of correlation between the probe and the drug of interest. In this article, we present a strategy to refine the phenotyping approach based on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulation (implemented in Simcyp Simulator version 17) using previously published models. The apparent clearance (CL/F) of erlotinib was better predicted by the sum of caffeine and i.v. midazolam CL/F (r2 = 0.60) compared to that of either probe drug alone. The clearance of atorvastatin and repaglinide had a strong correlation (r2 = 0.70 and 0.63, respectively) with that of pitavastatin (a SLCO1B1 probe). Use of multiple probes for drugs that are predominantly metabolized by more than one cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme should be considered. In a case in which hepatic uptake transporters play a significant role in the disposition of a drug, the pharmacokinetic of a transporter probe will provide better predictions of the drug clearance.
Adaptive prescribed performance control of switched MIMO uncertain nonlinear systems subject to unmodeled dynamics and input nonlinearities
Authors: Malek Sayyed Alireza , Shahrokhi Mohammad , Vafa Ehsan , Moradvandi Ali 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the design of an adaptive tracking control for a class of switched uncertain multiple‐input–multiple‐output nonlinear systems in the strict‐feedback form with unmodeled dynamics in the presence of three types of input nonlinearity under arbitrary switching has been addressed. By means of an intelligent approximator like a fuzzy logic system or a neural network, the unknown dynamics are estimated. The unmodeled dynamics have been tackled with a dynamic signal. A universal framework for describing different types of input nonlinearity including saturation, backlash, and dead zone has been utilized. By applying the backstepping approach and the common Lyapunov function method, virtual and actual controllers and the adaptive law for each subsystem have been constructed. Finally, it has been shown that the closed‐loop system is semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking errors converge to their predefined bounds. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been shown through simulation study.
Common mechanisms for guidance efficiency of descending Atlantic salmon smolts in small and large hydroelectric power plants
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Höglund Erik , Kroglund Frode , Haugen Thrond Oddvar , Forseth Torbjørn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDams and turbines associated with hydroelectric power plants (HEP) disrupt connectivity by affecting fish movement and survival. There has been an increasing focus on measures to facilitate downstream migration at HEPs. The fish guidance efficacy (FGE) of downstream mitigation measures largely remains suboptimal and calls for development of knowledge on factors influencing FGE. In this study, we analyse 6 years of wild Atlantic salmon smolt passive integrated transponder (PIT)‐telemetry data (N = 1,498) from a neighbouring small‐ and a large‐scale HEP. Timing of the smolt migration period was significantly different between the two rivers. Thus, river‐specific smolt‐run timing is imperative for proper measures management in regulated rivers aiming at maximizing smolt‐descent survival. A generalized linear model including additive effects of relative bypass discharge and scaled river discharge on the FGE for descending smolts received highest Akaike's information criterion support in the data and explained 74.2% of the FGE variation. This model, including no river effect, predicted high FGE (up to 90%) at low river flow (≤30% of HEP maximum capacity) when 7% of the water is allocated through the bypass. Many run‐of‐the‐river HEPs have highly variable river flow during the smolt‐run period. Our model suggests that these HEPs could utilize their manoeuvre flexibility to obtain water allocation routines between bypass and turbines that optimize both FGE and hydroelectric production.
OPTically‐based In situ Characterization System (OPTICS) to quantify concentrations and mass fluxes of mercury and methylmercury in South River, Virginia, USA
Authors: Chang Grace , Martin Todd , Spada Frank , Sackmann Brandon , Jones Craig , Whitehead Kenia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHistorical releases of mercury to the South River (Virginia, USA) and mobilization of mercury from secondary sources (e.g., riverbed and riverbank sediments) is contributing to the redistribution of mercury to the water column. Therefore, in order to effectively remediate the South River, it is necessary to understand specific mechanisms for mercury contamination and transport in the system. An OPTically‐based In situ Characterization System (OPTICS) monitoring study was conducted to quantify concentrations and mass fluxes of mercury and methylmercury and to understand mechanisms of contaminant exchange between sediments and the water column. Storm flow and diel cycling (potentially related to nocturnal bioturbation activities) were identified as important mechanisms of particulate‐phase mercury and methylmercury exchange to the South River water column. It was determined that diel cycling contributed daily average mass transport of 0.01 kg of particulate mercury and 1.9E‐05 kg of particulate methylmercury, representing up to 13% and 16% of total mercury and methylmercury mass transported over the study period. Approximately 85% of the 3.6 and 0.01 kg total mass transport of particulate mercury and methylmercury over the study period was attributed to high storm flow, which likely resulted in resuspension of particle‐bound mercury and methylmercury and/or mobilization of fine‐grained channel margin deposits.
Microcapsule‐Containing Self‐Reporting Polymers
Authors: Calvino Céline , Weder Christoph 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelf‐reporting polymers, which can indicate damage or exposure to excessive stress with a clearly perceptible optical signal, are potentially useful for several technological applications, including stress‐sensitive sensors that enable in situ monitoring of mechanical events and structural health monitoring systems. A versatile and simple concept to realize this function is the exploitation of microcapsules that are filled with solutions of dyes that are released and chemically or physically activated when the protective shell is damaged. Such microcapsules can readily be incorporated into polymers and the composites thus made can be processed into films, coatings, or other objects. Mechanochromic effects can be realized with different types of dyes and activation schemes. In this concept article, a selection of recent key studies is presented to provide an overview of the state of the field. Different architectures and operating principles and their advantages and drawbacks are reviewed. The parameters that influence the design of microcapsule‐based mechanochromic systems are considered and unexplored chromophore systems that might be useful to design future self‐reporting polymers are discussed. Finally, specific aspects of capsule design, fabrication, and integration into polymers are presented. Throughout the article, challenges and opportunities of the concept are highlighted and possible future directions are discussed.
MobSTer: A model‐based security testing framework for web applications
Authors: Peroli Michele , De Meo Federico , Viganò Luca , Guardini Davide 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWeb applications have become one of the preferred means for users to perform a number of crucial and security‐sensitive operations such as selling and buying goods or managing bank accounts, official documents, personal health records, and smart houses. The pervasive adoption of such web applications calls for an extensive security analysis in order to avoid attacks. Penetration testing is the most common approach for testing the security of web applications, but model‐based security testing has been steadily maturing into a viable alternative and/or complementary approach. Penetration testing is very efficient, but the experience of the security analyst is crucial; model‐based security testing relies on formal methods, but the security analyst has to first create a suitable model of the web application. In this paper, we introduce MobSTer, a formal and flexible model‐based security testing framework that contributes to filling the gap between these two security testing approaches. The main idea underlying this framework is that the use of model‐checking techniques can automate the search for possible vulnerable entry points in the web application, ie, it permits an analyst to perform security testing without missing important checks. Moreover, the framework also allows for reuse: The analyst can collect her expertise into the framework and (re)use it during future tests on possibly different web applications. We have implemented MobSTer as a prototype and applied it to test a number of case studies to assess its strength and concretely evaluate it with respect to four state‐of‐the‐art tools normally used by penetration testers.
Spatial patterns of seasonal level trends of groundwater in India during 2002–2016
Authors: Cao Yanping , Roy Shouraseni Sen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellite provides an efficient method of assessing groundwater anomalies by measuring variations in terrestrial water storage (TWS) and its anomalies (TWSA). The TWS is the sum of all forms of water such as groundwater, soil moisture, surface water and snow water equivalent. We used CSR RL05 Mascon solutions (http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace) to estimate the seasonal level regional scale groundwater depletion rates across India between 2002 and 2016. The groundwater storage showed substantial spatial variations at the seasonal scale. At the regional scale, our analysis revealed the steepest decline in the northwest and northeast regions of India. This has been caused by a significant increase of land under well and tube‐well irrigation. Furthermore, the rapid rates of urbanization associated with a lower recharge of the groundwater table due to increased runoff also contributed to depleted groundwaters across India.