bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A narrative review of proteinuria and albuminuria as clinical biomarkers in children
Authors: Larkins Nicholas G , Teixeira‐Pinto Armando , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProteinuria is an important biomarker commonly used to detect and manage kidney disease in children. There are now a variety of methods available to measure urinary protein loss, and physicians are faced with several contrasting strategies: 24‐h or timed collection versus spot samples (first‐morning or random), measurement of total urinary protein versus selective measurement of urinary albumin, unadjusted urine protein concentration versus protein‐to‐creatinine ratio and the use of dipstick versus laboratory‐based methods. In this review, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these different approaches. We will then summarise the evidence base for proteinuria as a clinical biomarker in different settings, including discussion of the current and potential role of measuring low‐level albuminuria. Finally, we will highlight gaps in the literature and opportunities for further research into proteinuria among children.
Evaluating haemodialysis patient's nutritional status: Body mass index or body cell mass index?
Authors: Valente Ana , Caetano Cristina , Oliveira Telma , Garagarza Cristina 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveEvaluate which of two combinations of parameters based on International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism recommendations could better identify patients with protein‐energy wasting (PEW) and to compare the relationship of these two combinations with other clinical and body composition parameters.MethodsThis was a multicentre longitudinal study with 24 months of follow‐up. The PEW patients were characterized by: Group A (GA) – normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) < 1.0 g/kg per day, albumin <3.8 g/dL and body cell mass index (BCMI) < 6.4 kg/m2 (n = 203); Group B (GB) – nPCR <1.0 g/kg per day, albumin <3.8 g/dL and body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m2 (n = 109). All the patients who did not meet these requirements were considered “well‐nourished” (GA: n = 1818; GB: n = 3292).ResultsWhen compared to the well‐nourished patients, PEW patients in the GA presented higher age, Kt/V, C‐reactive protein, relative overhydration, fat tissue index (FTI); lower creatinine, albumin, nPCR, PTH, haemoglobin, phosphorus, calcium X phosphorus product, potassium, dry weight, BMI, BCMI, lean tissue index, %IDWG . In the GB, well‐nourished patients FTI was significantly higher. In Cox analysis, the combination with BCMI was a strong independent predictor of mortality in these patients (hazard ratio: 1.48; confidence interval: 1.00–2.19; P = 0.048), even after adjustment. Although GB combination seemed to be also a predictor of death (hazard ratio: 2.67; confidence interval: 1.92–3.71; P < 0.001), when adjusted, the association remained no longer significant.ConclusionA new combination of parameters including protein intake, albumin and BCMI demonstrated significant associations with other nutrition and inflammation parameters as well as with mortality.
Comprehensive strategy to reduce the incidence of lead dislodgement for cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Afzal Muhammad R. , Horner Sarah , Matre Nancy B. , Blake Patricia , Dunham Kari , Pinkhas Daniel , Okabe Toshimasa , Tyler Jaret , Houmsse Mahmoud , Kalbfleisch Steven J. , Weiss Raul , Hummel John D. , Daoud Emile G. , Augostini Ralph S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundLead dislodgement (LD) is a well‐recognized complication during implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). An intraprocedural protocol, referred to as reduction of LD protocol, was developed to reduce the risk of LD.MethodsThe protocol involved (1) inserting a straight stylet down the right atrial lead and applying forward pressure while monitoring for fluoroscopic stability, (2) visualizing all leads during deep inspiration to determine if there is adequate lead redundancy, and (3) having the patient take a deep breath and cough while pacing just at capture threshold to assess for loss of capture in each lead. Any intraprocedural change in the parameters fulfilling the predefined criteria for inadequate lead implantation prompted lead repositioning. Data regarding demographic factors, clinical characteristics, and incidence of LD in the first 30 days after implant was obtained from intramural CIED database. The preintervention (control) group spanned 27 months and consisted of a total of 4,294 leads while the postintervention (intervention) group spanned 17 months and consisted of 2,361 leads implanted.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the demographic factors and clinical characteristics in the two groups. Protocol compliance was > 90%. There were 44 occurrences of LD (1.02%) before and 10 (0.4%) after implementation of the protocol. The protocol significantly reduced the incidence of LD during the 30 days after implant (P = 0.014). No clinical characteristic predicted the risk of LD.ConclusionIntraprocedural maneuvers performed to assess the adequacy of lead implantation results in reduced risk of LD.
Current understanding and perioperative management of pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Latham Gregory J. , Yung Delphine 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPediatric pulmonary hypertension is a complex disease with multiple, diverse etiologies affecting the premature neonate to the young adult. Pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension, whether idiopathic or associated with congenital heart disease, is the most commonly discussed form of pediatric pulmonary hypertension, as it is progressive and lethal. However, neonatal forms of pulmonary hypertension are vastly more frequent, and while most cases are transient, the risk of morbidity and mortality in this group deserves recognition. Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease is another subset increasingly recognized as an important cause of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. One aspect of pediatric pulmonary hypertension is very clear: anesthetizing the child with pulmonary hypertension is associated with a significantly heightened risk of morbidity and mortality. It is therefore imperative that anesthesiologists who care for children with pulmonary hypertension have a firm understanding of the pathophysiology of the various forms of pediatric pulmonary hypertension, the impact of anesthesia and sedation in the setting of pulmonary hypertension, and anesthesiologists’ role as perioperative experts from preoperative planning to postoperative disposition. This review summarizes the current understanding of pediatric pulmonary hypertension physiology, preoperative risk stratification, anesthetic risk, and intraoperative considerations relevant to the underlying pathophysiology of various forms of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.
Dental appliance therapy in pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration: Case report
Authors: Cooper Thomas , Smith Leon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare condition associated with severe protrusive lingual dystonia, a form of oromandibular dystonia. Dental appliance therapy has been described for oromandibular dystonia however there is a lack of literature regarding its application specifically to PKAN. In this report, the authors describe the use of an appliance in conjunction with botulinum toxin injections for the symptomatic treatment of this condition. A satisfactory outcome is achieved which suggests this technique may be of use to other clinicians.
Reproducibility of the durometer and myoton devices for skin stiffness measurement in healthy subjects
Authors: Dellalana Laura E. , Chen Fuyao , Vain Arved , Gandelman Jocelyn S. , Põldemaa Mihkel , Chen Heidi , Tkaczyk Eric R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundClinical assessment of skin stiffness is unreliable in many applications. The durometer, an industrial device to measure hardness, has previously been applied in scleroderma. The Myoton is a noninvasive handheld device for assessing soft tissue biomechanical parameters.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the reproducibility of both devices in six healthy subjects in the volar forearm, dorsal forearm, upper arm, shin, and calf bilaterally. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used as a measure of reproducibility among three observers.ResultsThe interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of overall stiffness for the Myoton was 0.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45‐1.00] and 0.71 [0.39‐1.00] for the durometer. Coefficient of variation (CV) for the Myoton was 6.4% [range 1.3‐12.1] and 7.6% [range 4.4‐13.8] for the durometer. Myoton and durometer values had a Pearson correlation of 0.69. The intraobserver Myoton ICC was 0.89 [0.74‐1.00] and CV 3.1% [range 1.6‐5.0]. The 95% confidence minimal detectable change by the Myoton for a single observer is 32.4 N/m, which is 7.6% of the average subject's overall stiffness.ConclusionThe Myoton demonstrated high reproducibility, particularly in the overall stiffness parameter, and merits further investigation to assess disease progression and treatment efficacy.
Racial Minorities’ Trust in Government and Government Decisionmakers
Authors: Koch Jeffrey W. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveCompare the impact of being a racial minority for influencing political trust as measured by the standard, NES‐developed measures with its impact on assessments of the capacity of decisionmakers to make racially unbiased spending and hiring decisions. Additionally, to examine the political trust of American Indians, an understudied racial minority.MethodsBivariate and multivariate analysis of 2004 and 2008 National Annenberg Election Study survey data.ResultsSelf‐designation as a racial minority exercises small, inconsistent effects on the standard measures of political trust and external efficacy. When citizens are asked whether Caucasian government officials make decisions on spending and hiring to advantage whites to the disadvantage of blacks and Hispanics, racial minorities state that they expect racial bias. American Indians reveal levels of political trust similar to those held by other racial minorities.ConclusionAn increasingly multiracial society will experience considerable tensions as minorities distrust government decisionmakers of a different race. These tensions will continue to be exploited by ambitious political elites.
Human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis in patients administered mycophenolate mofetil as prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Inui Yumiko , Yakushijin Kimikazu , Okamura Atsuo , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Shinzato Isaku , Nomura Tetsuhiko , Ichikawa Hiroya , Mizutani Yu , Kitao Akihito , Kurata Keiji , Kakiuchi Seiji , Miyata Yoshiharu , Sanada Yukinari , Kitagawa Koichi , Uryu Kiyoaki , Kawamoto Shinichiro , Yamamoto Katsuya , Matsuoka Hiroshi , Murayama Tohru , Ito Mitsuhiro , Minami Hironobu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) encephalitis is a known life‐threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). However, few studies have focused on the occurrence of HHV‐6 encephalitis in patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with a calcineurin inhibitor as prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). This study aimed to investigate the impact of MMF administered for GVHD prophylaxis in the occurrence of HHV‐6 encephalitis after allo‐HSCT and the characteristics of this condition.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively analyzed 73 patients who underwent allo‐HSCT (83 transplants) at our hospital between April 2010 and December 2015. MMF (2‐3 g/d) was administered along with a calcineurin inhibitor. Seven patients (8.0%) developed encephalitis due to HHV‐6. The median period from allo‐HSCT to the onset of HHV‐6 encephalitis was 23 days (range, 17‐98 days). The cumulative incidence of HHV‐6 encephalitis on day 100 after treatment was 12% and 6% in patients who underwent cord blood transplantation (CBT) and non‐CBT (ie, bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation), respectively (P = 0.344). Neurological symptoms of encephalitis were more severe in non‐CBT cases than those in CBT cases. All patients diagnosed with HHV‐6 encephalitis were treated with ganciclovir or foscarnet. None of the enrolled patients died from HHV‐6 encephalitis.ConclusionsMycophenolate mofetil may have the potential to increase the frequency of severe HHV‐6 encephalitis in patients undergoing CBT and non‐CBT. Thus, MMF should be administered with caution, and patients should be monitored closely for HHV‐6 encephalitis even those who did not undergo CBT.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis in renal allograft related to antibody‐mediated rejection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Malinzak Lauren E. , Safwan Mohamed , Kim Dean Y. , Patel Anita K. , Denny Jason E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare condition which can rapidly progress to sepsis and multiple organ failure with high mortality. We experienced a rare case of EPN in a renal allograft related to antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). The patient received a deceased donor kidney transplant due to end‐stage renal disease secondary to diabetes mellitus. Cross‐match test was negative but she had remote history of anti‐HLA‐A2 antibody corresponding with the donor HLA. Surgery concluded without any major events. Anti‐thymoglobulin was given perioperatively for induction. She was compliant with her immunosuppressive medications making urine of 2 L/d with serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dL at discharge on post‐operative day (POD) 6. She did well until POD 14 when she presented to the clinic with features of sepsis, pain over the transplanted kidney area and decline in urine volume with elevated serum creatinine. CT revealed extensive gas throughout the transplanted kidney. Renal scan revealed non‐functional transplant kidney with no arterial flow. Based on these findings, a decision to perform transplant nephrectomy was made. At laparotomy, the kidney was completely necrotic. Pathology showed non‐viable kidney parenchyma with the tubules lacking neutrophilic casts suggestive of ischemic necrosis. Donor‐specific antibody (DSA) returned positive with high intensity anti‐HLA‐A2 antibody. This is the first case of early EPN in allograft considered to have occurred as a result of thrombotic ischemia secondary to AMR. This case suggests consideration of perioperative anti‐B‐cell and/or anti‐plasma cell therapies for historical DSA and strict post‐operative follow‐up in immunologically high‐risk recipients to detect early signs of rejection and avoid deleterious outcomes.
Topological indices of non-commuting graph of dihedral groups
Authors: Alimon Nur Idayu , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Erfanian Ahmad 
Published: November 2018

Assume is a non-abelian group A dihedral group is the group of symmetries of a regular polygon, which includes rotations and reflections. The non-commuting graph of denoted by is the graph of vertex set whose vertices are non-central elements, in which is the center of and two distinct vertices and are joined by an edge if and only if In this paper, some topological indices of the non-commuting graph, of the dihedral groups, are presented. In order to determine the Edge-Wiener index, First Zagreb index and Second Zagreb index of the non-commuting graph, of the dihedral groups, previous results of some of the topological indices of non-commuting graph of finite group are used. Then, the non-commuting graphs of dihedral groups of different orders are found. Finally, the generalisation of Edge-Wiener index, First Zagreb index and Second Zagreb index of the non-commuting graphs of dihedral groups are determined.
Minimally ramified deformations when
Authors: Booher Jeremy 
Published: November 2018

Let $p$ and $\ell$ be distinct primes, and let $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}$ be an orthogonal or symplectic representation of the absolute Galois group of an $\ell$-adic field over a finite field of characteristic $p$. We define and study a liftable deformation condition of lifts of $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}$ ‘ramified no worse than $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}$’, generalizing the minimally ramified deformation condition for $\operatorname{GL}_{n}$ studied in Clozel et al. [Automorphy for some$l$-adic lifts of automorphic mod$l$Galois representations, Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 108 (2008), 1–181; MR 2470687 (2010j:11082)]. The key insight is to restrict to deformations where an associated unipotent element does not change type when deforming. This requires an understanding of nilpotent orbits and centralizers of nilpotent elements in the relative situation, not just over fields.
Down‐regulation of the long non‐coding RNA XIST ameliorates podocyte apoptosis in membranous nephropathy via the miR‐217–TLR4 pathway
Authors: Jin Ling‐wei , Pan Min , Ye Han‐yang , Zheng Yu , Chen Yan , Huang Wen‐wen , Xu Xiao‐yan , Zheng Shu‐bei 
Published: November 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the role of the long non‐coding RNA X‐inactive specific transcript (XIST), which is up‐regulated in injured podocytes and membranous nephropathy, in the pathogenesis of membranous nephropathy?

What is the main finding and its importance?
XIST was up‐regulated in kidney tissue with membranous nephropathy and in injured podocytes. Down‐regulation of XIST inhibited podocyte apoptosis. XIST negatively regulated miR‐217, and miR‐217 modulated Toll‐like receptor 4. Inhibition of XIST suppressed podocyte apoptosis induced by angiotensin II via miR‐217.

AbstractMembranous nephropathy is often characterized by glomerular podocyte injury. Up‐regulation of the long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) X‐inactive specific transcript (XIST) has been verified in membranous nephropathy and in injured podocytes. Here the role of XIST in podocyte injury and membranous nephropathy was explored. Quantitative real‐time PCR and western blot were performed to detect the expression of XIST and miR‐217, and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein, respectively. Podocyte apoptosis was evaluated with flow cytometry. Interaction between XIST and miR‐217 was analysed by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assay. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the interplay between miR‐217 and TLR4. Up‐regulation of the lncRNA XIST and angiotensin II (Ang II) and kidney and podocyte injury were indicated in kidney tissue of patients with membranous nephropathy. Increase of XIST and apoptosis were induced by Ang II in podocytes. Down‐regulation of XIST reversed podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II. MiR‐217 was negatively regulated by XIST. MiR‐217 controlled TLR4 by targeting its 3′‐untranslated region. XIST modulated TLR4 through miR‐217 and inhibition of XIST reduced podocyte apoptosis induced by Ang II via regulating miR‐217. Down‐regulation of XIST ameliorates podocyte apoptosis via the miR‐217–TLR4 pathway, which may improve membranous nephropathy.
The pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungus Acremonium hansfordii to two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri
Authors: Shang Su-Qin , Chen Yao-Nian , Bai Ying-Lu 
Published: November 2018

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is an important mite pest worldwide. It often leads to reduced crop yields or poor marketability of the produce and has already developed resistance to many acaricides. In this study, the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), Acremonium hansfordii, to T. urticae and its side effects on the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri were compared. The toxicity of A. hansfordii was evaluated on T. urticae at 1.0×104, 1.0×106, 1.0×108 conidia/mL concentrations and predatory mite N. barkeri at 1.0×108 conidia/mL under experimental conditions at 25±1°C, 75±5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod. The effects of EPF on the development of the F0 and F1 generation of predatory mites were also assessed at 1.0×108 conidia/mL concentration. The results showed that the corrected mortality of T. urticae at three tested concentrations were 36.67%, 53.67% and 66.33% within 11d, and the median lethal time were 14.39 d, 9.84d and 7.99d, respectively. The corrected mortality of N. barkeri was only 3.9% after 11d at 1×108 conidia/mL concentration. Some hyphae of A. hansfordii were detected on the surface of treated T. urticae but not on N. barkeri body after 7d. After N. barkeri females were treated with 1.0×108 conidia/mL, the preoviposition period of the F0 generation was prolonged 1.56 times and the other life history parameters have no significant differences; similar patterns were also shown in the F1 generation. A. hansfordii showed strong pathogenicity against T. urticae but did not significantly adversely influence N. barkeri. Therefore, the combination of A. hansfordii and N. barkeri has the potential to be used for the control of T. urticae in the future.
Evaluation of a toolkit resource package to support positive workplace behaviours in relation to quality end-of-life care in Australian hospitals
Authors: Hutchinson Claire , Tieman Jennifer , Devery Kim 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an action-orientated toolkit in supporting behaviour change in relation to quality end-of-life care in acute hospital settings. The toolkit was developed to complement a programme of online end-of-life care education.MethodsA toolkit was developed from an international review of peer-reviewed literature on end of life. Toolkits were distributed (n=428) to Australian healthcare professionals over a 4-week period. An online survey was sent to all recipients; 65 responses were received (16% response rate, excluding emails returned as undeliverable). Semistructured interviews (n=10) were conducted using purposeful sampling to ensure a range of views were captured. The focus of the evaluation was on investigating (1) users’ responses to the toolkit and (2) individuals’ reported behaviour change.FindingsThe toolkit was well received by users who reported increased confidence in communication around end-of-life matters. 59.3% of users reported making a behaviour change over the previous 4 weeks; 70.8% of those who had not made a change reported they intended to in the near future. Against expectation, the toolkit’s appeal went beyond its intended audience in acute hospital settings, for example, personal care workers in aged care settings.ConclusionsDespite study limitations (self-report of a small, self-selected sample), these early findings suggest that the toolkit has potential to positively impact on end-of-life care practices. However, additional evaluation is needed to determine whether such a toolkit can positively impact on practice and on patient experience at the end of life.