bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can we decrease burnout and safety workaround behaviors in health care organizations? The role of psychosocial safety climate
Authors: Mansour Sari , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle 
Published: January 2019

PurposeConducted with a staff of 562 persons working in the health sector in Quebec, mainly nurses, the purpose of this paper is to test the indirect effects of psychosocial safety climate (PSC) on workarounds through physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and emotional exhaustion as mediators.Design/methodology/approachThe structural equation method, namely CFA, was used to test the structure of constructs, the reliability and validity of the measurement scales as well as model fit. To test the mediation effects, Hayes’s PROCESS (2013) macro and 95 percent confidence intervals were used and 5,000 bootstrapping re-samples were run. The statistical treatments were carried out with the AMOS software V.24 and SPSS v.22.FindingsThe results based on bootstrap analysis and Sobel’s test demonstrate that physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and emotional exhaustion mediate the relationship between PSC and safety workarounds.Practical implicationsThe study has important practical implications in detecting blocks and obstacles in the work processes and decreasing the use of workaround behaviors, or in converting their negative consequences into positive contributions.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between PSC, burnout and workaround behaviors. These results could contribute to a better understanding of this construct of workarounds and how to deal with it. Moreover, the test of the concepts of PSC in this study provides support for the theory of “conservation of resources” by proposing an extension of this theory.
Does short‐term habitat management for the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) have lasting effects?
Authors: Encarnação Cláudia , Medinas Denis , Alves Paulo Célio , Mira António 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, a keystone species of Mediterranean ecosystems, is the target of several recovery and management plans throughout the Iberian Peninsula. The majority of these plans are limited in time by budget constraints and lack postintervention monitoring of population trends. This study was conducted in south‐west Portugal and aimed to understand the effect of habitat management and its early cessation on rabbit populations. We assessed rabbit presence and relative abundance before management (2007), during the implementation of measures (2008), immediately after (2009) and 3 years after measures ended (2012). We applied a model selection approach, using generalized linear models to determine the relative importance of MANAGED and UNMANAGED habitat features on rabbit presence in each year. We used spatial eigenvector mapping to describe the spatial autocorrelation in rabbit presence and a variation partitioning approach to quantify the relative effects of management‐related variables, unmanaged environmental descriptors and spatial characteristics on rabbit presence. Rabbit presence and abundance increased shortly after the management intervention but decreased 3 years after. Rabbit presence was positively related to the proximity of installed crops and the existence of favorable soils for digging. Habitat management‐related variables explained most of the variation in all models. Habitat improvement actions, particularly the sowing of pastures, contributed to increased rabbit presence. We propose a continued long‐term intervention and the cultivation of crops with auto‐regeneration properties (e.g., subterranean clover—Trifolium subterraneum) with the aim of continuing to increase rabbit presence and abundance in areas where rabbit populations are scarce.
The pleiotropic Legionella transcription factor LvbR links the Lqs and c‐di‐GMP regulatory networks to control biofilm architecture and virulence
Authors: Hochstrasser Ramon , Kessler Aline , Sahr Tobias , Simon Sylvia , Schell Ursula , Gomez‐Valero Laura , Buchrieser Carmen , Hilbi Hubert 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, Legionella pneumophila, colonizes amoebae and biofilms in the environment. The opportunistic pathogen employs the Lqs (Legionella quorum sensing) system and the signalling molecule LAI‐1 (Legionella autoinducer‐1) to regulate virulence, motility, natural competence and expression of a 133 kb genomic “fitness island”, including a putative novel regulator. Here, we show that the regulator termed LvbR is an LqsS‐regulated transcription factor that binds to the promoter of lpg1056/hnox1 (encoding an inhibitor of the diguanylate cyclase Lpg1057), and thus, regulates proteins involved in c‐di‐GMP metabolism. LvbR determines biofilm architecture, since L. pneumophila lacking lvbR accumulates less sessile biomass and forms homogeneous mat‐like structures, while the parental strain develops more compact bacterial aggregates. Comparative transcriptomics of sessile and planktonic ΔlvbR or ΔlqsR mutant strains revealed concerted (virulence, fitness island, metabolism) and reciprocally (motility) regulated genes in biofilm and broth respectively. Moreover, ΔlvbR is hyper‐competent for DNA uptake, defective for phagocyte infection, outcompeted by the parental strain in amoebae co‐infections and impaired for cell migration inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that L. pneumophila LvbR is a novel pleiotropic transcription factor, which links the Lqs and c‐di‐GMP regulatory networks to control biofilm architecture and pathogen–host cell interactions.
Governmentality and Spatial Strategies: Towards Formalization of Street Vendors in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Huang Gengzhi , Xue Desheng , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new policy approach that seeks to formalize street vendors by immobilizing them in designated places has been taken as an alternative to exclusion in Guangzhou, China. This article develops an analytical framework for understanding this spatial formalization by drawing upon Foucault's concept of governmentality. Formalization can be understood as a form of spatial governmentality that seeks to guide the behaviour of informal economic individuals towards officially desired norms by creating bounded spaces. While the formalization programme reflects a moral form of political rationality that directs modern governments towards principles of social justice, it is fundamentally founded on a dispositional spatial rationality that imagines the dependence of social control on the ordering of space. However, this spatial rationality entails a tension between the goal of formalization and its practical effects, resulting in a failure to respect vital attributes of street vending and vendors’ counter‐responses to it. The article concludes by questioning the government's formalization approach, given its ignorance of the reality of informality, and opens up the question of what might be good formalization.
The Neighbourhood in Pieces: The Fragmentation of Local Public Space in a Swedish Housing Area
Authors: Kärrholm Mattias , Wirdelöv Johan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the transformation of local public spaces in the ethnically and socially diverse housing area Norra Fäladen during 1970–2015. After being built, the area soon faced stigmatization and became known as a problem area. This was followed by a series of investments in local public spaces aiming for a stronger appropriation of the neighbourhood by its inhabitants. The production of a ‘neighbourhood spirit’ has, however, slowly deteriorated over the last two decades. Through the introduction of new areas, with large single‐family houses on the one hand, and a densification of the existing housing stock on the other, the inhabitants’ dependence on the existing (but now decreasing) public spaces within the area has been polarized. Local public spaces are also being increasingly relocated from central parts of the neighbourhood to the peripheries or outside the area. In this article, we investigate how this quite slow, yet steady, transformation has affected the local public spaces and the everyday life of the area.
Beauty, ugliness and the sublime
Authors: Schmidt Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractJung and Freud had very different ideas about the nature of analysis. This paper begins by exploring how Jung's gnostic approach, with its goal of individuation, is deeply informed by Buddhist and Taoist principles. His pluralistic, relational model regards truth as subjective and co‐constructed with the patient. In contrast, Freud's secular methodology has objective truth as its goal. His classical psychoanalysis is a form of reality testing where the analyst claims to know the painful, singular, objective reality which the patient tries to evade. The theory of aesthetic development (see Piaget 1951, Baldwin 1975, Parsons 1980, Housen 1992, Harris Williams 2010) proposes that artistic appreciation is linked to human development. The paper looks at how the apperception of beauty, related to both truth and meaning, acts as an indicator and facilitator of individuation in the clinical encounter. This is illustrated by a clinical case study. Through empirical research, support is given to the argument (Bollas 1978, Meltzer 1988) that our early experience of the feminine/maternal plays a central role in developing an aesthetic capacity. The experience of the sublime in analysis is examined and portrayed as a means by which aesthetic development may be reignited and narcissistic isolation shattered.
Solving Double‐Sided Puzzles: Automated Assembly of Torn‐up Banknotes Evidence
Authors: Yılmaz Seçkin , Nabiyev Vasif V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractReconstruction of 2D object is a problem concerning many different fields such as forensics science, archiving, and banking. In the literature, it is considered as one‐sided puzzle problem. But this study handles torn banknotes as a double‐sided puzzle problem for the first time. In addition to that, a new dataset (ToB) is created for solving this problem. A selection approach based on the Borda count method is adopted in order to make the right decision as to which keypoint‐based method is to be used in the proposed reconstruction system. The selection approach was determined the Accelerated‐KAZE (AKAZE) as the most successful keypoint‐based method. This study also proposes new measures determining the success ratio of the reconstructed banknotes and calculating their loss ratio. When the torn banknotes were reconstructed with the AKAZE‐based reconstruction system, the average success rate was calculated as 95.55% by the proposed metric.
Market power and price discrimination in the US market for higher education
Authors: Epple Dennis , Romano Richard , Sarpça Sinan , Sieg Holger , Zaber Melanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe estimate an equilibrium model of private and state college competition that generates realistic pricing patterns for private colleges using a large national data set from the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS). Our analysis distinguishes between tuition variation that reflects efficient pricing to students who generate beneficial peer externalities and variation that reflects arguably inefficient exercise of market power. Our findings indicate substantial exercise of market power and, importantly, sizable variation in this power along the college quality hierarchy and among students with different characteristics. Finally, we conduct policy analysis to examine the consequences of increased availability of quality public colleges in a state.
Lactate versus acetate buffered crystalloid solutions: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Ellekjaer Karen L. , Jensen Martine Marker , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundIntravenous (IV) fluid therapy has become a ubiquitous intervention in everyday clinical practice. Several types of fluid are available including isotonic crystalloid fluids. Among crystalloid fluids, buffered solutions (derivatives of the original Hartmann's and Ringer's solutions) are increasingly recommended as first‐line resuscitation fluids. However, the choice between different buffered solutions appears to be difficult with limited data to support the use of lactate vs. acetate buffered solutions. Accordingly, we aim at systematically describing the body of evidence on the use of the different types of buffered crystalloid solutions in hospitalised patients.MethodsWe will conduct a scoping review of all study designs (i.e. no study design will per se be excluded from the proposed review) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) statement.ResultsWe will provide descriptive analysis of the included studies/trials, i.e. no meta‐analyses will be conducted. We will include studies on adult hospitalised patients receiving IV fluid for any reason. Studies must compare any crystalloid solution primarily buffered with lactate versus any primarily acetate buffered solution. All outcome measures will be reported. The quality of evidence will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ConclusionThis outlined scoping review will provide a summary of the current body of evidence on the use, effects and side‐effects of buffered crystalloid solutions. This will provide an important update of the current evidence on the use, of “buffered” crystalloid solutions including evidence of potential benefits and harms.
The role of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus in the augmentation of heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction
Authors: Chisholm Alexandra , Iannuzzi Jessica , Rizzo Damaris , Gonzalez Natasha , Fortin Émilie , Bumbu Alexandra , Batallán Burrowes Ariel A. , Chapman C. Andrew , Shalev Uri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDrug addiction is a chronic disorder that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and involves cycling between periods of compulsive drug use, abstinence, and relapse. In both human addicts and animal models of addiction, chronic food restriction has been shown to increase rates of relapse. Previously, our laboratory has demonstrated a robust increase in drug seeking following a period of withdrawal in chronically food‐restricted rats compared with sated rats. To date, the neural mechanisms that mediate the effect of chronic food restriction on drug seeking have not been elucidated. However, the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) appears to be a promising target to investigate. The objective of the current study was to examine the role of the PVT in the augmentation of heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction. Male Long‐Evans rats were trained to self‐administer heroin for 10 days. Rats were then removed from the training chambers and experienced a 14‐day withdrawal period with either unrestricted (sated) or mildly restricted (FDR) access to food. On day 14, rats underwent a 1‐hour heroin‐seeking test under extinction conditions, during which neural activity in the PVT was either inhibited or increased using pharmacological or chemogenetic approaches. Unexpectedly, inhibition of the PVT did not alter heroin seeking in food‐restricted or sated rats, while enhancing neural activity in the PVT‐attenuated heroin seeking in food‐restricted rats. These results indicate that PVT activity can modulate heroin seeking induced by chronic food restriction.
The role of artery‐preserving varicocelectomy in subfertile men with severe oligozoospermia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Almekaty K. , Zahran M. H. , Zoeir A. , Minhas S. , Salem K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is wide agreement nowadays that a clinical varicocoele should be ligated to treat male factor infertility. However, the significance of testicular artery preservation in patients with severe oligozoospermia has not been addressed before.ObjectivesTo assess the outcome of varicocelectomy in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and clinical varicocoeles and to compare internal spermatic artery preservation vs. artery ligation.Materials and MethodsThis prospective randomized study included 302 infertile patients with severe oligozoospermia and clinical (grade II/III) varicocoeles. Patients were randomized into two groups: group A (150 patients) underwent artery‐preserving varicocelectomy (APV) and group B (152 patients) underwent artery‐ligating varicocelectomy (ALV). The primary outcome was to assess the changes in sperm density and motility at 3 and 6 months postoperatively in both groups. The secondary outcome was to compare the natural pregnancy rate at 1‐year of follow‐up. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors affecting pregnancy rate.ResultsIn both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in sperm density and motility at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. In group A, there was a greater improvement in sperm density (p < 0.001) and motility (p < 0.001) compared to group B. At 1‐year follow‐up, overall 35.1% achieved a natural pregnancy. Group A achieved a significantly higher natural pregnancy rate (40% vs. 30%, p value = 0.03) compared to group B. Smaller testicular volume and ALV were the independent predictors of lower pregnancy rate ((HR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.3, p = 0.01) and (HR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.1, p = 0.003), respectively).ConclusionIn men with severe oligozoospermia and a clinical varicocoele, APV results in improved outcomes as compared to ALV with respect to semen parameters and natural pregnancy rates. Therefore, all attempts should be made to preserve internal spermatic arteries (ISA) during varicocelectomy in men with severe oligozoospermia.
Circumcising human subjects: An evaluation of experimental foreskin amputation using the Declaration of Helsinki
Authors: Drash Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper explores ethical considerations for active studies of circumcision, i.e., the amputation of the foreskin, in the form of a case study of three major trials performed in African countries in the early 2000s. The paper outlines the function of the foreskin and method and history of its amputation as well as its current use in attempting to combat the global AIDS crisis. These trials are then interrogated in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. In particular, the irreversible nature of amputation is given great consideration. The case studies are found to have serious failures in terms of the modern iteration of the Declaration of Helsinki. This paper calls for extreme scrutiny in accordance with international norms relating to the ethical treatment of human subjects in a research context of studies of circumcision if and when they are proposed again.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with inflammation in the retroparotid space and showing Villaret's syndrome
Authors: Seino Yusuke , Nakamura Takumi , Hirohata Mie , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Shoji Mikio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypereosinophilia syndrome (HES) is a rare disease characterized by the association between hypereosinophilia and eosinophil‐mediated organ infiltration and damage or dysfunction. The cause of hypereosinophilia is classified as neoplastic, reactive and idiopathic. However, hypereosinophilia causes tissue and organ damage, regardless of the underlying etiology. The common manifestations are pulmonary, skin and gastrointestinal. Rarely, neurological lesions are manifested. As neurological lesions of HES, mononeuritis multiplex, radiculopathy, optic neuritis, meningitis and cerebral infarction have been reported.Case presentationA 43‐year‐old woman suffered from dysphagia and hoarseness, after symptoms of fever and sore throat 1 month earlier. On admission, her physical examination was unremarkable, except for neck pain on the right side. The neurological examination showed “Villaret's syndrome”: Horner's sign on the right side, and paralysis of the right glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve. Laboratory tests showed marked eosinophilia and it gradually worsened. The maximum eosinophil count increased to 3474/mm3. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a high‐intensity area with contrast effect spreading in the retroparotid space in the short T1 inversion recovery image, and a high‐intensity area spreading in the deep gray matter of the cerebrum in the fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery image. Treatment started with steroid pulse therapy. After therapy, eosinophils normalized on the next day, and multiple cranial nerve palsy improved gradually and normalized. Six months later, the abnormal signal of the retroparotid space had disappeared on magnetic resonance imaging.ConclusionsHES is a multisystem dysfunction secondary to eosinophilic infiltration. In rare cases, HES causes inflammation in the retroparotid space and causes Villaret's syndrome.
Artificial intelligence and colonoscopy: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Kudo Shin‐ei , Mori Yuichi , Misawa Masashi , Takeda Kenichi , Kudo Toyoki , Itoh Hayato , Oda Masahiro , Mori Kensaku 
Published: January 2019

Background and AimApplication of artificial intelligence in medicine is now attracting substantial attention. In the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy, computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) for colonoscopy is the most investigated area, although it is still in the preclinical phase. Because colonoscopy is carried out by humans, it is inherently an imperfect procedure. CAD assistance is expected to improve its quality regarding automated polyp detection and characterization (i.e. predicting the polyp's pathology). It could help prevent endoscopists from missing polyps as well as provide a precise optical diagnosis for those detected. Ultimately, these functions that CAD provides could produce a higher adenoma detection rate and reduce the cost of polypectomy for hyperplastic polyps.Methods and ResultsCurrently, research on automated polyp detection has been limited to experimental assessments using an algorithm based on ex vivo videos or static images. Performance for clinical use was reported to have >90% sensitivity with acceptable specificity. In contrast, research on automated polyp characterization seems to surpass that for polyp detection. Prospective studies of in vivo use of artificial intelligence technologies have been reported by several groups, some of which showed a >90% negative predictive value for differentiating diminutive (≤5 mm) rectosigmoid adenomas, which exceeded the threshold for optical biopsy.ConclusionWe introduce the potential of using CAD for colonoscopy and describe the most recent conditions for regulatory approval for artificial intelligence‐assisted medical devices.