bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extremely Efficient Transparent Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Nanostructured Composite Electrodes
Authors: Xiang Heng‐Yang , Li Yan‐Qing , Meng Shuai‐Shuai , Lee Chun‐Sing , Chen Lin‐Sen , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTransparent flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (TF‐OLEDs) are emerging as a leading technique in bendable display and curved lighting applications due to their merits including superior mechanical flexibility, low power consumption, and broad color gamut. However, it is challenging to turn TF‐OLEDs into a power‐efficient large‐area light source. Here, an improved TF‐OLED structure on a plastic substrate that achieves a device transparency over 70% and extremely efficient warm‐white emission from both sides is reported. The key feature of this device structure is the combination of transparent metal–dielectric composite electrodes, which are patterned with moth‐eye nanostructures for broadband and angle‐independent light outcoupling. By collectively reducing ohmic losses and releasing the trapped photons, the TF‐OLEDs achieve a record external quantum efficiency of 72.4% and power efficiency of 168.5 lm W−1 with a color‐rendering index over 84. These results present the great potential of TF‐OLEDs for use in a wide variety of flexible applications.
Transition Metal Doped Smart Glass with Pressure and Temperature Sensitive Luminescence
Authors: Lv Shichao , Shanmugavelu B. , Wang Yunpeng , Mao Qiannan , Zhao Yujun , Yu Yongze , Hao Jianhua , Zhang Qinyuan , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of future transparent intelligent systems demands smart glass with multifunctional sensing capabilities. Here, the realization of a smart glass with dual temperature and pressure sensing function by using Mn2+‐doped nanostructured gallate glass for the first time is reported. The material exhibits exceptional temperature response in the range of 323–523 K and the maximal relative temperature sensitivity reaches as high as 2.51% K−1 at 523 K. The material is also sensitive to the pressure fluctuation and displays bright green pressure‐induced luminescence. A combination of structural and optical analysis and theoretical calculation reveals that the local dopant orientation in nanodomain inside glass contributes to the previously unrealized sensing behavior. The critical factors governing the sensing performance are identified and the cooperative effects between the local chemical bonding and domain size contribute greatly to the remarkable enhancement of the sensitivity. The results highlight that the precise control over the doping process offers a great opportunity to design new smart glass.
Bioinspired Deamination of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives Catalyzed by a Palladium/Nickel Complex
Authors: Deng Gongtao , Chen Jie , Sun Wangbin , Bian Kehan , Jiang Yaojia , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient bioinspired deamination method of both natural and unnatural amino acid derivatives has been developed. This method provides easy access to a wide variety of useful α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction is realized with two transition metal catalysts (palladium and Nickel) in‐easy handling procedure. A possible reaction pathway is also proposed and the control experiments support the involvement of the palladium‐catalyzed inert sp3 C−H activation as one of the key steps.magnified image
Molecular Simulation Studies of Cyanine‐Based Chromonic Mesogens: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking to Form Chiral Aggregates and the Formation of a Novel Lamellar Structure
Authors: Thind Romnik , Walker Martin , Wilson Mark R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAll‐atom molecular dynamics simulations are performed on two chromonic mesogens in aqueous solution: 5,5′‐dimethoxy‐bis‐(3,3′‐di‐sulphopropyl)‐thiacyanine triethylammonium salt (Dye A) and 5,5′‐dichloro‐bis‐(3,3′‐di‐sulphopropyl)‐thiacyanine triethylammonuim salt (Dye B). Simulations demonstrate the formation of self‐assembled chromonic aggregates with an interlayer distance of ≈0.35 nm, with neighboring molecules showing a predominantly head‐to‐tail antiparallel stacking arrangement to minimize electrostatic repulsion between hydrophilic groups. Strong overlap of the aromatic rings occurs within the self‐assembled columns, characteristic of H‐aggregation in aqueous solution. At low concentrations, aggregates of Dye A form chiral columns, despite the presence of strictly achiral species. Chirality arises out of the minimization of steric repulsion between methoxy groups, which would otherwise disrupt the stacking of aromatic molecular cores. At higher concentrations, simulations suggest the interaction of short columns leads to the formation of an achiral‐layered structure in which hydrophobic aromatic regions of the molecule are sandwiched between two layers of hydrophilic groups. This novel lamellar structure is suggested as a likely candidate for the structure of a J‐aggregate. The latter is known to exhibit intense red‐shifted absorption peaks in solution but their structure has not yet been characterized. Self‐organization of such structures provides a route to the formation of “smectic” chromonic mesophases.
Synthesis and characterization of bis(oxiranylmethyl)sulfanes as new epoxide‐terminated polysulfide prepolymers and their use in synthesis of new amine‐cured polysulfide polymers
Authors: Pirayesh Amin , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Mazloomi‐Rezvani Mahsa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe main disadvantages of polysulfide polymers are their complicated curing systems and their low solubility in different solvents. To overcome these problems, bis(oxiranylmethyl)sulfanes as new epoxide‐terminated polysulfide prepolymers were synthesized and their amine‐cured polymers were examined by different analysis methods. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT‐IR have been used to characterize structure of the synthesized prepolymers and polymers and sulfur content of all samples has been investigated by CHNS elemental analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that all samples were semi‐crystalline and differential scanning calorimetry was used to study thermal transitions of prepolymers and polymers. As an advantage, all prepolymers and linear polymers were dissolved in sulfur‐ and nitrogen‐containing solvents. Synthesized polymers had low thermal stability with one‐step degradation process and they were in rubbery state with Tg values lower than 0°C. Conclusively, thermophysical properties of polymers depended on utilized prepolymer and amine‐containing compounds as precursors.
Pioneering Use of Ionic Liquid‐Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems as Membrane‐Free Batteries
Authors: Navalpotro Paula , Neves Catarina M. S. S. , Palma Jesus , Freire Mara G. , Coutinho João A. P. , Marcilla Rebeca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAqueous biphasic systems (ABS) formed by water, ionic liquids (ILs), and salts, in which the two phases are water rich, are demonstrated here to act as potential membrane‐free batteries. This concept is feasible due to the selective enrichment of redox organic molecules in each aqueous phase of ABS, which spontaneously form two liquid‐phases above given concentrations of salt and IL. Therefore, the required separation of electrolytes in the battery is not driven by an expensive membrane that hampers mass transfer, but instead, by the intrinsic immiscibility of the two liquid phases. Moreover, the crosscontamination typically occurring through the ineffective membranes is determined by the partition coefficients of the active molecules between the two phases. The phase diagrams of a series of IL‐based ABS are characterized, the partition coefficients of several redox organic molecules are determined, and the electrochemistry of these redox‐active immiscible phases is evaluated, allowing appraisal of the battery performance. Several redox ABS that may be used in total aqueous membrane‐free batteries with theoretical battery voltages as high as 1.6 V are identified. The viability of a membrane‐free battery composed of an IL‐based ABS containing methyl viologen and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy as active species is demonstrated.
Pre‐Oxidation‐Tuned Microstructures of Carbon Anodes Derived from Pitch for Enhancing Na Storage Performance
Authors: Lu Yaxiang , Zhao Chenglong , Qi Xingguo , Qi Yuruo , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDisordered carbons have captured extensive interest as anode materials for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) due to the abundant resources, competitive specific capacity, and low cost. Here, a facile strategy of pre‐oxidation is successfully adopted to tune the microstructure of carbon anode to facilitate sodium storage. Pitch is selected as the low‐cost and high carbon yield precursor. An easy pre‐oxidation treatment in air can enable pitch to realize an effective structural conversion from ordered to disordered at further carbonization processes. Compared with the carbonized pristine pitch, the carbonized pre‐oxidation pitch increases the carbon yield from 54 to 67%, the sodium storage capacity from 94.0 to 300.6 mAh g−1, and the initial Coulombic efficiency from 64.2 to 88.6%. Experiment results reveal that the introduction of oxygen based functional groups is the key to achieve the highly disordered structure, not only ensuring the cross‐linkage during low‐temperature pre‐oxidation process but also suppressing the carbon structure from melting and rearranging in the high‐temperature carbonization process. Most importantly, this facile pre‐oxidation strategy can also be extended to other carbon precursors to facilitate the low‐cost and high‐performance disordered carbon anodes for NIBs and beyond.
Mechanistic Insights of Zn2+ Storage in Sodium Vanadates
Authors: Guo Xun , Fang Guozhao , Zhang Wenyu , Zhou Jiang , Shan Lutong , Wang Liangbing , Wang Chao , Lin Tianquan , Tang Yan , Liang Shuquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with high safety and low‐cost are highly desirable for grid‐scale energy storage, yet the energy storage mechanisms in the current cathode materials are still complicated and unclear. Hence, several sodium vanadates with NaV3O8‐type layered structure (e.g., Na5V12O32 and HNaV6O16·4H2O) and β‐Na0.33V2O5‐type tunneled structure (e.g., Na0.76V6O15) are constructed and the storage/release behaviors of Zn2+ ions are deeply investigated in these two typical structures. It should be mentioned that the 2D layered Na5V12O32 and HNaV6O16·4H2O with more effective path for Zn2+ diffusion exhibit higher ion diffusion coefficients than that of tunneled Na0.76V6O15. As a result, Na5V12O32 delivers higher capacity than that of Na0.76V6O15, and a long‐term cyclic performance up to 2000 cycles at 4.0 A g−1 in spite of its capacity fading. This work provides a new perspective of Zn2+ storage mechanism in aqueous ZIB systems.
High‐Capacity All‐Solid‐State Sodium Metal Battery with Hybrid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Zheng Yongwei , Pan Qiwei , Clites Mallory , Byles Bryan W. , Pomerantseva Ekaterina , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAll‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) are of great interest for their high theoretical capacity, nonflammability, and relatively low cost owing partially to the abundance of sodium recourses. However, it is challenging to fabricate SSMBs because compared with their counterparts, which contain lithium metal, sodium metal is mechanically softer and more reactive toward the electrolyte. Herein, the synthesis and electrochemical properties of newly designed sodium‐containing hybrid network solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and their application in SSMBs are reported. The hybrid network is synthesized by controlled crosslinking of octakis(3‐glycidyloxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane and amine‐terminated polyethylene glycol in existence with sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). Plating and stripping experiments using symmetric cells show prolonged cycle life of the SPEs, >5150 and 3550 h at current density of 0.1 and 0.5 mA cm−2, respectively. The results for the first time show that the SPE|sodium metal interface migrates into the SPE phase upon cycling. SSMBs fabricated with the hybrid SPE sandwiched between sodium metal anode and bilayered δ‐NaxV2O5 cathode exhibit record‐high specific capacity for solid sodium‐ion batteries of 305 mAh g−1 and excellent Coulombic efficiency. This work demonstrates that the hybrid network SPEs are promising for SSMB applications.
Highly multiplexed proteomic analysis reveals significant tissue and exosomal coagulation pathway derangement in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Nocera Angela L. , Dillon Simon T. , Wu Dawei , Libermann Towia A. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe coagulation pathway has been previously implicated in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) through analysis of individual proteins within the cascade. The purpose of this study was to: (1) apply a large‐scale proteomic approach to confirm these previous findings; and (2) correlate the protein aberrations between tissue and exosomes to establish exosomal proteomics as a method to probe the pathophysiology of CRSwNP.MethodsThis investigation was an internal review board–approved study in which matched tissue and mucus exosomal proteomes were compared between control and CRSwNP (n = 10/group) using an aptamer‐based proteomic array and confirmed using whole transcriptome sequencing. Protein expression and the correlation between samples were calculated using Student's t‐test and Benjamini‐Hochberg procedures followed by the application of Ingenuity Pathway and MetaCore™ bioinformatics analyses.ResultsAmong all protein pathways, the coagulation cascade was the most significantly associated with CRSwNP (p = 2.85e‐8). Among the 13 significantly altered coagulation‐related tissue proteins, fibronectin and fibrinogen gamma chains were the most overexpressed in CRSwNP relative to control (fold change [FC], 2.59; p = 0.006; and FC, 2.38; p < 0.001, respectively), whereas von Willebrand factor was the most underexpressed (FC, −3.06; p < 0.001). The exosomal fibrinolysis and coagulation pathway proteomes exhibited strong inverse and significant correlations with the tissue findings (r = −0.86; p = 0.013; and r = −0.79; p = 0.007, respectively).ConclusionOur proteomic analysis confirmed that the coagulation pathway is highly significantly deranged within nasal polyp tissue. The correlation between tissue‐ and mucus‐derived exosomal fibrinolysis and coagulation protein alterations were strong, inverse, and highly significant. This lends further support to the emerging concept of exosomal proteomic analysis as a method to study chronic sinonasal inflammation.
High tissue eosinophilia as a marker to predict recurrence for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McHugh Tobial , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Xie Michael , Banglawala Sarfaraz , Sommer Doron 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundPatients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) have been shown to have greater disease severity and poorer treatment outcomes after sinus surgery. Although the inflammatory pattern of ECRS is essential to diagnosing this subtype, there is currently no consensus for diagnosis. Our aim in this study was to determine whether high tissue eosinophilia (HTE), measured as eosinophils per high‐power field (eos/HPF), could be used to define ECRS based on likelihood of recurrence.MethodsEmbase, Medline, and PubMed databases were searched for studies that reported HTE and recurrence in ECRS patients after surgical treatment. We used a random‐effects bivariate meta‐analysis to calculate summary sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) for detecting ECRS at different HTE cut‐off scores using risk of recurrence as the primary outcome.ResultsWe identified 11 articles (n = 3183) that reported HTE associated with recurrence. A cut‐off value of >55 eos/HPF showed the highest sensitivity (0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82‐0.91), specificity (0.97; 95% CI, 0.93‐0.99), and DOR (232.7; 95% CI, 91.0‐595.1). Meta‐regression analysis performed showed that the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies score (p = 0.1287), geographic location (p = 0.3745), follow‐up time (p = 0.2879), and study design (p = 0.1865) did not affect the test accuracy.ConclusionOur findings suggest that using eos/HPF has good diagnostic accuracy and may be a useful tool for identifying ECRS patients. Based on the results of our meta‐analysis, we recommend a cut‐off value of >55 eos/HPF for predicting the likelihood of recurrence of ECRS.
Spiroverknüpfte und ringanellierte 1,2,4‐Trioxepan‐, 1,2,4‐Trioxocan‐ und 1,2,4‐Trioxonan‐Cyclohexadienone: cyclische Peroxide mit ungewöhnlicher Ringkonformationsdynamik
Authors: Eske Angelika , Ecker Sabrina , Fendinger Carolina , Goldfuss Bernd , Jonen Matthis , Lefarth Jens , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Spilles Matthias , Griesbeck Axel G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractC‐3‐ oder C‐4‐hydroxyalkylierte Phenole sind hochreaktive Substrate für die Hydroperoxierung durch Oxone® und führen zur Bildung von tertiären C‐4‐Hydroperoxiden. Diese Reaktion kann auch mit photochemisch erzeugtem Singulett‐Sauerstoff durchgeführt werden. Andere charakteristische Singulett‐Sauerstoffreaktionen verlaufen jedoch nicht mit Caroat. Die zunächst gebildeten Hydroperoxide werden unter Lewis‐Säure‐Katalyse mit Bor‐, Indium‐ oder Eisen‐basierten Katalysatoren zu spiroverknüpften Peroxiden 6, 9 cyclisiert, die eine eingeschränkte Ringinversion aufweisen, während die größeren neungliedrigen Peroxide 12 thermisch weniger stabil sind und – möglicherweise korreliert – auch eine höhere Ringflexibilität aufweisen (durch NMR‐Analyse).
Enantioselective Construction of Tertiary Boronic Esters by Conjunctive Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Myhill Jesse A. , Zhang Liang , Lovinger Gabriel J. , Morken James P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCatalytic enantioselective conjunctive cross‐coupling has been developed to construct tertiary alkylboronic esters. These reactions occur with good yield and enantioselectivity for a range of substrates. Mechanistic experiments reveal aspects of the catalytic cycle that allow hindered substrates to react without significant complicating side reactions.
Modular Functionalization of Arenes in a Triply Selective Sequence: Rapid C(sp2) and C(sp3) Coupling of C−Br, C−OTf, and C−Cl Bonds Enabled by a Single Palladium(I) Dimer
Authors: Keaveney Sinead T. , Kundu Gourab , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFull control over multiple competing coupling sites would enable straightforward access to densely functionalized compound libraries. Historically, the site selection in Pd0‐catalyzed functionalizations of poly(pseudo)halogenated arenes has been unpredictable, being dependent on the employed catalyst, the reaction conditions, and the substrate itself. Building on our previous report of C−Br‐selective functionalization in the presence of C−OTf and C−Cl bonds, we herein complete the sequence and demonstrate the first general arylations and alkylations of C−OTf bonds (in <10 min), followed by functionalization of the C−Cl site (in <25 min), at room temperature using the same air‐ and moisture‐stable PdI dimer. This allowed the realization of the first general and triply selective sequential C−C coupling (in 2D and 3D space) of C−Br followed by C−OTf and then C−Cl bonds.
A Homoleptic KrF2 Complex, [Hg(KrF2)8][AsF6]2⋅2 HF
Authors: De Backere John R. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe reaction of Hg(AsF6)2 with a large molar excess of KrF2 in anhydrous HF has afforded the first homoleptic KrF2 coordination complex of a metal cation, [Hg(KrF2)8][AsF6]2⋅2 HF. The [Hg(KrF2)8]2+ dication is well‐isolated in the low‐temperature crystal structure of its HF‐solvated [AsF6]− salt, and consists of eight KrF2 molecules that are terminally coordinated to Hg2+ by means of Hg−F(KrF) bonds to form a slightly distorted, square‐antiprismatic coordination sphere around mercury. The Raman spectrum of [Hg(KrF2)8]2+ was assigned with the aid of calculated gas‐phase vibrational frequencies. Computational studies indicate that both electrostatic and orbital interactions are important for metal–ligand bonding and provide insight into the geometry of the [Hg(KrF2)8]2+ cation and the nature of noble‐gas difluoride ligand bonding.
Moving beyond fitting fish into equations: Progressing the fish passage debate in the Anthropocene
Authors: Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Franklin Paul , Wilkes Martin , Aarestrup Kim 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Realization of the importance of fish passage for migratory species has led to the development of innovative and creative solutions (‘fishways’) to mitigate the effects of artificial barriers in freshwater systems in the last few decades.
In many instances, however, the first move has been to attempt to engineer a solution to the problem, thus attempting to ‘fit fish into an equation’. These fishways are often derived from designs targeting salmonids in the Northern Hemisphere. They are rarely adequate, even for these strong‐swimming fish, and certainly appear to be unsuitable for most other species, not least for those of tropical regions.
Fishway design criteria do not adequately account for natural variation among individuals, populations and species. Moreover, engineered solutions cannot reinstate the natural habitat and geomorphological properties of the river, objectives that have been largely ignored.
This article discusses the most prominent issues with the current management and conservation of freshwater ecosystems as it pertains to fish passage. It is not intended as a review on fish passage, but rather a perspective on the issues related to fishways, as seen by practitioners.
Control for Time‐Varying Delay Systems by Integrating Semi‐Discretization and Hysteresis‐Based Switching
Authors: Shao Chenhui , Li Shuang , Li Haitao , Sheng Jie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we develop an innovative control method for linear systems with time‐varying delay by integrating the semi‐discretization method and the hysteresis‐based switching algorithm. The semi‐discretization method is adopted to design an optimal controller for each fixed time‐delay and form a candidate controller family. The switching algorithm acts as the principal law for switching among various controllers according to the instantaneous value of the time‐delay. A theoretical proof is presented regarding the stability of the switching time‐delay system. It is shown that the most significant factors that affect the system stability are the size of the candidate controller family, the value of the switching coefficient, and the changing rate of the time‐delay. Two case studies are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Sensitivity‐Based Construction Approach to Variance Minimization of Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Huang Yonghao , Chen Xi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith a long‐run average performance as the primary criterion for a Markov decision process, variance measures are studied as its secondary criteria. The steady‐state variance and the limiting average variance along a sample path are discussed. The latter one is difficult to handle due to its special form. With a sensitivity‐based approach, the difference formula for the sample‐path variance under different policies is intuitively constructed and then the optimality equation is presented. Moreover a policy iteration algorithm is developed. This work extends the sensitivity‐based construction approach to Markov decision processes with non‐standard performance criteria. The difference between these two types of variance and bias criteria is illustrated with a numerical example.