bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A High-Fidelity Simulation Is Effective in Improving Athletic Training Students' Self-Efficacy with Emergency Cardiovascular Care Skills
Authors: Paloncy Kristin A. , Georges Leah , Liggett Allan J. 
Published: June 2019

Context
High-fidelity simulation can provide an ideal adjunct to clinical or real-world experience by providing a realistic and safe learning environment for the practice of low-incident encounters.

Objective
Given that levels of perceived self-efficacy are malleable and high-fidelity simulation can provide many positive outcomes, the purpose of this study was to determine whether participation in a high-fidelity simulated cardiovascular emergency scenario using the Laerdal SimMan in a university simulation center in the United States increased undergraduate athletic training students' self-efficacy scores.

Design
Cohort design with repeated measures.

Patients or Other Participants
Convenience sample of undergraduate athletic training students (n = 46) enrolled in a professional program at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university in the Midwest.

Intervention(s)
Participation in or observation of a high-fidelity cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) simulation.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Self-efficacy scores before, immediately after, and 6 months after simulation.

Results
There was a significant main effect for the 3 repeated measures, with the scores steadily increasing significantly from pretest (mean = 7.60, SD = 1.13) to posttest (mean = 8.04, SD = 1.22, P = .001), then again from immediate posttest to the 6-month posttest (mean = 8.38, SD = 1.04, P = .04). Scores among the participants (mean = 8.21, SD = 1.03) were not significantly higher than scores among the observers (mean = 7.85, SD = 1.40). Scores at the 6-month follow-up posttest (mean = 8.38, SD = 1.04) significantly increased from the posttest immediately after the simulation (P = .04).

Conclusions
Participating in or observing high-fidelity CPR simulation is an effective method of providing deliberate practice opportunities for athletic training students to increase self-efficacy related to CPR techniques.
Effective Teaching Methods for the Assessment and Treatment of Exertional Heat Illness in Athletic Training Education
Authors: Kinslow Beth L. , Schmies Holly , Armstrong Kirk J. , Martin Malissa 
Published: June 2019

Context
Athletic training education should focus on evidence-based teaching through providing authentic learning opportunities.

Objective
To examine the effectiveness of 2 different instructional methods' impact on pre–athletic training students' assessment and treatment of a patient with exertional heat stroke (EHS).

Design
A pretest, posttest randomized control trial study design was used.

Setting
Five undergraduate athletic training programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Thirty-six pre–athletic training students volunteered to participate. Thirty-two participants completed the research interventions (19 = hybrid simulation [HS], 13 = case-based learning [CLB]).

Intervention(s)
All participants received educational material and classroom presentation regarding EHS. Participants completed the preintervention Knowledge, Preferences, and Practices of Certified Athletic Trainers Regarding Recognition and Treatment of Exertional Heat Stroke (KPP-EHS) survey. Approximately 2 to 3 weeks after receiving the educational material, the participants completed HS or CBL intervention protocol and completed the postintervention KPP-EHS survey. The HS intervention consisted of a clinical scenario using a standardized patient and rectal thermometer task trainer. The CBL intervention involved completing a case-study worksheet regarding a clinical scenario. At the 6-week follow-up time point participants completed the KPP-EHS survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Composite and subscale scores from the KPP-EHS survey.

Results
A factorial repeated measure 2 × 3 (Group × Time) analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant main effect for time of the total composite score of both groups (F = 28.005, P = .000, partial η2 = 0.659). Bonferroni post hoc testing revealed a statistically significant difference between time points 1 and 2 (mean difference = −25.176, P = .000, 95% confidence interval −34.036, −16.317) and time points 1 and 3 (mean difference = −32.842, P = .000, 95% confidence interval −44.917, −20.767).

Conclusions
Athletic training educators should consider the use of HS and CBL in conjunction with didactic course work to prepare students to appropriately manage EHS.
Developing Cognitive Skills Through Active Learning: A Systematic Review of Health Care Professions
Authors: Harris Nicolette , Bacon Cailee E. Welch 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo systematically review current literature to determine whether active learning is more successful than passive learning at producing cognitive skills in health care professions students.Data SourcesAn electronic search was conducted in 4 databases: EBSCO-CINAHL, EBSCO-Sport Discus, Educational Resources Information Center, and PubMed. Search terms included: millennial AND health education, active learning AND knowledge retention, flipped classroom AND learning outcomes, problem based learning AND learning outcomes, problem based learning AND student confidence, active learning AND critical thinking, higher order thinking AND active learning.Study SelectionWe included studies if they were published in English between 2007 and 2017 and evaluated outcomes of an active learning intervention. Studies of nonhealth care disciplines, practicing health care practitioners, or studies that did not address the primary research questions were excluded.Data ExtractionStudy design, health care discipline, intervention used, assessment measures, outcome(s) measures, main results, and conclusions were extracted from each article, as appropriate.Data SynthesisArticles were categorized based on capacity to answer 1 or both of the research questions. Conclusions were summarized according to the learning technique used and its effectiveness in regard to studied learning outcome. Out of 85 studies on lower-order cognition, 61 (72%) indicated active learning techniques were effective at achieving improved recall, understanding, and/or application of course material. Of 69 studies on higher-order cognition, 58 (84%) supported active learning over passive instruction for improving students' confidence in or performance of analytical, evaluative, and creative skills.ConclusionsActive learning produces gains to both lower- and higher-order cognition at levels equal to, and more often, greater than the use of passive learning methods. Despite this evidence, we believe more high-quality, well-designed prospective studies using validated assessment measures are needed to endorse the value of these methods in producing cognitive skills.
Estimación de la distribución vertical de combustibles finos del dosel de copas en masas de Pinus sylvestris empleando datos LiDAR de baja densidad
Authors: Fidalgo-González L. A. , Arellano-Pérez S. , Álvarez-González J. G. , Castedo-Dorado F. , Ruiz-González A. D. , González-Ferreiro E. 
Published: June 2019

<p>Canopy fuel load, canopy bulk density and canopy base height are structural variables used to predict crown fire initiation and spread. Direct measurement of these variables is not functional, and they are usually estimated indirectly by modelling. Advances in fire behaviour modelling require accurate and landscape scale estimates of the complete vertical distribution of canopy fuels. The goal of the present study is to model the vertical profile of available canopy fuels in Scots pine stands by using data from the Spanish national forest inventory and low-density LiDAR data (0.5 first returns m<sup>–2</sup>) provided by Spanish PNOA project (Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea). In a first step, the vertical distribution of the canopy fuel load was modelled using the Weibull probability density function. In a second step, a system of models was fitted to relate the canopy variables to Lidar-derived metrics. Models were fitted simultaneously to compensate the effects of the inherent cross-model correlation between errors. Heteroscedasticity was also analyzed, but correction in the fitting process was not necessary. The estimated canopy fuel load profiles from LiDAR-derived metrics explained 41% of the variation in canopy fuel load in the analysed plots. The proposed models can be used to assess the effectiveness of different forest management alternatives for reducing crown fire hazard.</p>
Cartografía de bosques de manglar mediante imágenes de sensores remotos: estudio de caso Buenaventura, Colombia
Authors: Perea-Ardila M. A. , Oviedo-Barrero F. , Leal-Villamil J. 
Published: June 2019

<p>Mangroves are plant communities of high ecological and economic importance for coastal regions. This investigation provides a methodology for mapping Mangrove forests through remote sensing images in a semidetail scale (1:25,000) in a sector of the municipality of Buenaventura, Colombia. A Sentinel 2 image and 2017 highresolution ortophotomosaic of the municipality were used for the mangrove cartography, using QGIS software, spectral analysis was performed and supervised classification was established using Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Results shown that mangrove is the most representative cover in the study area whit 7,264.21 ha in total extension (59.21% of total area), the development classification got a thematic accuracy of 80% and 0.70 in Kappa index. The used methodology can be used as an academic and research reference for mangrove semi-detail mapping in the world.</p>
The report and analysis of the 2nd U21 European Deaf Football Championship, Stockholm, Sweden 2018
Authors: Szulc Adam Michał 
Published: June 2019

PurposeAlmost no studies have documented or analysed sporting events for deaf players at the elite level. The aim of the study was to report on the 2<sup>nd</sup> U21 European Deaf Football Championship, analyse selected offensive actions and compare them with the 1st European Deaf Sports Organization (EDSO) U21 Championship and Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) U21 events (2015 and 2017), as well as create a ranking of finalists of the deaf U21 tournaments.MethodsCounting analyses were performed on the basis of video recordings from the stadiums of 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> EDSO U21. Nineteen matches were analysed with reference to the number of goals, shots on target, and shots missed.ResultsThe mean number of goals scored per match during the 2<sup>nd</sup> U21 (1<sup>st</sup> U21) Championship was 2.25 ± 2.27/team (1.81 ± 1.53). The number of shots on target and missed was 8.1 ± 5.7/team/match (6.9 ± 4.9) and 6.2 ± 3.9/team/match (5.4 ± 3.7). In 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> EDSO Championships, the most offensive play was presented by the teams of Turkey, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine.ConclusionsThe winner of the tournament was the team with the highest shooting efficiency and the highest number of crosses in all matches. The analyses of the 2<sup>nd</sup> U21 can be useful for the organization of coaching. Organizers of events for deaf athletes, however, do not pay much attention to careful registration of the event materials and match statistics, which are very important for the promotion of events for deaf athletes.
Comparison of clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and SPECT renal dynamic imaging of GFR measurement in the evaluation of renal function in renal transplantation
Authors: G Hong , L Dan , L Yunhe 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To compare the clinical value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) renal dynamic imaging in the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the evaluation of renal function in renal transplantation.Methods: A total of 70 recipients who underwent renal transplantation in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from April of 2015 to April of 2018 were selected as research objects. GFR was measured in renal transplant recipients by use of DCE-MRI and SPECT (GFR-MRI and GFR-SPECT respectively), and was compared with creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). The safety of contrast media was evaluated in DCE-MRI detection.Results: The bias of GFR-MRI against Ccr value was higher than that of GFR-SPECT against Ccr value, with 30% and 50% accuracy of GFR-MRI higher than that of GFR-SPECT, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that GFR-MRI and GFR-SPECT values were positively correlated to Ccr (p < .05), and the correlation coefficient of GFR-MRI and Ccr was higher than that of GFR-SPECT and Ccr, with the difference statistically significant (p < .05). By Bland-Altman analysis, 95% confidence interval of GFR-SPECT was 95.49 ml/(min·1.73 m2), and 95% confidence interval of GFR-MRI was 62.35 ml/(min·1.73m2), which was much narrower. Only 2 cases of patients developed mild rash among 70 cases of patients, and recovered spontaneously without any treatment.Conclusions: Compared with SPECT, the bias of GFR measured by DCE-MRI against Ccr is much greater. However, DCE-MRI has a higher accuracy, correlation and consistency in comparison with Ccr, and it has a narrower confidence interval. DCE-MRI can more accurately evaluate renal function in renal transplantation by measuring GFR, and it has a high safety.
Comparison of the bacterial abundance and diversity in the Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) between both sexes
Authors: Guo Chunhui , Peng Xin , Zheng Xialin , Wang Xiaoyun , Wang Ruirui , Huang Zongyou , Yang Zhende 
Published: June 2019

Background. Insects harbor a myriad of microorganisms, many of which can affect the sex ratio and manipulate the reproduction of the host. Leptocybe invasa is an invasive pest that causes serious damage to eucalyptus plantations, and both female-biased sex ratios and thelytokous parthenogenesis in L. invasa contribute to the rapid invasion and fast growth of the population. However, the interior bacterial composition and abundance of L. invasa and the differences between both sexes remain unclear.
Results. The Illumina MiSeq platform was used to compare the composition of the bacterial community in adult females and males by sequencing with variation in the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene. The results showed that 1320 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained in total. These OTUs were annotated into 24 phyla, 71 classes, 130 orders, 245 families and 501 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria in females and males was Rickettsia and Rhizobium, respectively.
Conclusion. The bacteria living in L. invasa adult females and males had high diversity. There were differences in the bacterial community in L. invasa between both sexes, and the bacterial diversity in male adults was more abundant than that in female adults. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of bacterial communities living in L. invasa between sexes, which plays a significant role in reproductive strategy, sex regulation and the invasive mechanism of L. invasa and provides a basis for follow-up studies on the coevolution and interaction between L. invasa and its predominant bacteria.
Diversity and pathogenicity of microbial communities causing grape sour rot in eastern coastal areas of China
Authors: Gao Huanhuan , Yin Xiangtian , Jiang Xilong , Shi Hongmei , Yang Yang , Dai Xiaoyan , Chen Yingchun , Wu Xinying 
Published: June 2019

Background As a polymicrobial disease, grape sour rot can lead to the decrease in the yield of grape berries and wine quality. The diversity of microbial communities in sour rot-infected grapes depends on the planting location of grapes and the identified methods. The east coast of China is one of the most important grape and wine regions in China and even in the world.
Methods To identify the pathogenic microorganism s causing sour rot in table grapes of eastern coastal areas of China, the diversity and abundance of the bacteria and fungi were assessed based on two methods, including traditional culture-methods, and 16S rRNA and ITS gene high-throughput sequencing . Then the pathogenicity of cultivable microorganisms was determined in laboratory.
Results Based on traditional culture-methods, we identified 15 cultivable bacterial species and 10 fungal species from sour rot-infected grapes. The p athogenicity assay confirmed five cultivated fungi species (three Aspergillus species, Alternaria tenuissima, and Fusarium proliferatum), and four bacteria species (two Cronobacter species, Serratia marcescens and Lysinibacillus fusiformis) as mainly pathogenic on grape. A. tenuissima, and F. proliferatum were the firstly discovered as pathogens on harvesting grape. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing revealed the OTUs numbers of bacteria and fungi were 1343.33 and 1038.67 respectively. Proteobacteria (72.15%) and Firmicutes (26.83%) were dominant phylums among the 19 bacterial phyla identified, while Ascomycota (93.86%) was the dominant fungal phylum. Then, bacteria such as Acetobacter sp., Gluconobacter sp., Bacillus sp., and Lactococcus sp. and fungi such as Incertae sedis sp., Issatchenkia terricola, Colletotrichum viniferum, Hanseniaspora vineae, Saprochaete gigas, and Candida diversa took the vast majority ofmicrobial species in sour rot-infected grapes. Therefore, more accurate and abundant microbial communities in sour rot-infected grapes could be identified using the traditional culture-methods and high-throughput sequencing.
Principal Component Analysis in Biometric, Pulp Quality and Anatomical Properties of Thronless Bamboo (Bambusa balcooa)
Authors: Krishnakumar N. , Kanna S. Umesh , Parthiban K. T. 
Published: June 2019

Aims: To estimate the impact, connection and association among the biometric attributes, pulping qualities and anatomical characters in Bambusa balcooa.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted across the agro climatic regions viz., North Eastern Zone, Northern Zone, Western Zone, Cauvery Delta Zone and Southern Zone of Tamil Nadu, India during 2017-2018.
Methodology: The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was examined to establish the numbers of clusters using Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) version 16.0.1 software in order to identify the patterns of variation (PCA). The principal component analysis was computed using the equation PCA = Σa jXj.
Results: The PCA separated into three cluster principal components among the nineteen parameters studied. Out of nineteen principal components generated, twelve principal components had contributed positively on pulp yield. Among these twelve traits, maximum contribution to the pulp yield was observed by the traits viz., numbers of culms, hollocellulose, kappa number, tear index, burst index, fibre wall thickness and vessel diameter with respect to Bambusa balcooa.
Conclusion: The results showed some relationships between the biometric attributes, pulping qualities and anatomical characters in Bambusa balcooa. PCA was shown to be a useful tool for assessing the impact and connection for further research.
Herding Behaviour in Investment Decision Making: A Review
Authors: Dewan Palak , Dharni Khushdeep 
Published: June 2019

Herding denotes how individuals act together in a group without any centralized direction. Herding is widely studied as it drives asset prices away from the fundamental value and there are concerns it leads to volatility, destabilizes the market and increases the fragility of the financial market. In this paper, a concise review of the literature of herding is provided. Various types of herding, its significance and occurrences along with the determinants are discussed. Various approaches used for measuring herding have been reviewed. The relationship of herding along with other variables such as market conditions, volatility, and liquidity is reviewed and studied. For the purpose of drafting the review paper, 79 papers for over three decades have been consulted. Further, future research directions are included for the benefit of the academicians, researchers and policymakers.
Changes in Adiposity and Dietary Intake during Nowruz Holiday in University Students
Authors: Gholampour Zahra , Zarifian Ahmadreza , Ansari Samaneh , Amini Aminreza , Norouzy Abdolreza , Nematy Mohsen 
Published: June 2019

Aims: This study aimed to assess possible alterations in adiposity and dietary intake during holiday periods in healthy subjects.
Study Design: 452 students of medicine faculty of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were participated in this study and announced via internet and campus announcement in Feb 2014.
Methodology: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were measured using standard protocols. Individual nutritional intakes were assessed using the Dietplan6 software. SPSS software version 11.5 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Of the 452 students who attended the pre-holiday visit, 433 returned for the post-holiday appointments. Of these participants, 82 (18.1%) were men. The mean age was 24.4 years for men and 23.8 years for women (p=0.171). All the adiposity and body composition variables significantly changed over the follow-up except for fat free mass (p=0.074) and truck fat free mass (p=0.935). Mean weight of participants increased from 63.5 kg to 63.9 kg at the end of holiday (absolute change 0.37 kg, p<0.001). Total energy intake increased by 16.4%, carbohydrate by 15.9% and total fat by 25.4%, and significant association were observed between changes in some dietary variables and change in adiposity during follow-up (15 days).
Conclusion: In conclusion, holidays like Nowruz play a significant role in periodical weight gain and obesity in the college students of Mashhad University. Moreover we have found that dietary intake of carbohydrate and total fat increased through Nowruz holiday. Understanding times when people are more likely to gain weight including holidays is important for the development of prevention strategies.
The Impact of Dipolar Layers on the Electronic Properties of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Interfaces
Authors: Zojer Egbert , Taucher Thomas C. , Hofmann Oliver T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presence of dipolar layers determines the functionality of most technologically relevant interfaces. The present contribution reviews how periodic dipole assemblies modify the properties of such interfaces through so‐called collective electrostatic effects. They impact the ionization energies and electron affinities of thin films, change the work function of metallic and semiconducting substrates, and determine the alignment of electronic states at interfaces. Dipolar layers originate either from the assembly of polar molecules or they arise from interfacial charge rearrangements triggered by the deposition of an adsorbate layer. Such charge rearrangements result from the omnipresent Pauli pushback caused by exchange interaction, from covalent bonds, or from charge transfer following the deposition of particularly electron rich (donors) or electron poor molecules (acceptors). A peculiarity of charge‐transfer interfaces is that they enter the realm of Fermi‐level pinning, where the sample work function becomes independent of the substrate and is solely determined by the electronic properties of the adsorbate. Beyond changing work functions and injection barriers, the presence of polar layers also modifies various other physical observables, like core‐level binding energies or tunneling currents in monolayer junctions. All these aspects suggest that polar layers can also be exploited for electrostatically designing the electronic properties of materials.