bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient detoxification for alcohol and other drug use: qualitative study of patients’ accounts of their relationships with staff
Authors: Neale Joanne , Cairns Beth , Gardiner Kevin , Livingston Wulf , McCarthy Trevor , Perkins Andrew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The therapeutic alliance is an important predictor of treatment outcomes but people who use alcohol and other drugs report mixed views of treatment providers. We analysed patients’ accounts of inpatient detoxification staff to ascertain whether, and if so how, relationships with them, and thus the therapeutic alliance, might be improved.

Methods
Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted (in 2022/2023) with 20 people (14 males; 6 females) who had just completed inpatient detoxification in sixteen different facilities. Interviews were part of a larger longitudinal qualitative evaluation of an initiative to increase inpatient detoxification capacity across England.

Results
Patients described how treatment was delivered by professionals with diverse roles. They rated staff highly and appreciated their personal qualities; the standard of medical care and non-medical services they provided; their willingness to provide privacy, freedom and choice; the support given at key points in the treatment journey; and the positive impact staff relationships had on their substance use and lives more generally. Criticisms of staff were infrequent, mostly related to specific individuals or events, and potentially more common when detoxification occurred within general hospitals rather than within specialist services.

Conclusions
Patients’ accounts of staff in this study were more positive than documented in previous literature. However, the characteristics that patients appreciated (and disliked) were consistent with earlier research. There was scope to improve in some services and patient groups not interviewed may have held more negative views of staff. Overall, the holistic and patient-centred approach that staff adopted, and patients valued, appears to contribute to a good therapeutic alliance.
Shear Strengthening of RC Beams Using Partial-Length Near-Surface Mounted (PLNSM) CFRP Strips
Authors: Khol Senghong , Seo Soo-Yeon , Van Tran Hai , Hanif Muhammad Usman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using near-surface mounting (NSM) method with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strips is more effective because of improved bond strength, better fire resistance and high maintainability. However, the surface preparation for NSM method is a difficult process where the beam–slab corner is not accessible by the rotary blade of the groove-making equipment. Consequently, the application of NSM method becomes more difficult to apply. Therefore, in this study, the effect of reducing in NSM length on the shear strength has been investigated by reinforcing only a part of the height, not the entire web of beam, referred to as the partial-length NSM method (PLNSM). Half scaled five RC T-beams were made and tested under symmetrical four-point static loading system. All except one was strengthened in shear in which the effect of reduced NSM length was balanced by inclining the partial-length NSM strips (IPLNSM). Furthermore, to mitigate the detrimental effect of reduced lengths of NSM strips, the retrofitting was enhanced by additional externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) method using CFRP sheets. The results showed that there was no significant negative effect of reduced NSM length on the strength of the strengthened specimens, and by providing inclined NSM strips, significant improvement in the strength was observed. Additionally, the hybrid approach combining the inclined partial length NSM (IPLNSM) and EBR method showed improvement in strength and deflection capacity. Lastly, when compared with the currently available design procedures, it was found that the available formulation can predict the design strength of PLNSM and IPLNSM reinforcement, thus making them a viable option for retrofitting reinforced concrete beams.
Early predictors of unfavorable outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory failure
Authors: Miura Shinya , Michihata Nobuaki , Isogai Toshiaki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
Acute respiratory failure is a leading cause of critical illness in children. However, patient outcomes and early predictors of unfavorable outcomes are not well understood. This study aimed to describe composite unfavorable outcomes, defined as in-hospital death or discharge with new comorbidities, and to identify early predictors in children with acute respiratory failure in acute care hospitals.

Design
Retrospective cohort study using a national inpatient database in Japan.

Setting
All acute care hospitals registered in the database.

Patients
This study included children under 20 years of age who were admitted with acute respiratory diseases between July 2010 and March 2022 and received ventilatory support within the first three days of hospitalization.

Intervention
None.

Measurements and main results
Among 29,362 eligible children, the median age was 1.2 (interquartile range, 0.3–3.7) years and 28.8% had underlying conditions. The highest level of ventilatory support within the first three days was invasive ventilation (69.4%), noninvasive ventilation (1.0%), and high-flow nasal cannula (29.7%). Respiratory diagnoses included pneumonia (58.6%), bronchiolitis (29.0%), and asthma (11.1%). Among these children, 669 (2.3%) died and 1994 (6.8%) were discharged with new comorbidities, resulting in 2663 (9.1%) children experiencing unfavorable outcomes. In the logistic regression model, older age, underlying conditions, pneumonia, and low hospital volume were associated with unfavorable outcomes after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
A significant proportion of pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure experienced unfavorable outcomes, warranting future efforts to improve acute care services for at-risk children. Early predictors identified from national database analyses could inform risk stratification and optimize the provision of acute care services for vulnerable pediatric patients.
Interfacial charge transfer on hierarchical synergistic shell wall of MXene/MoS2 on CdS nanospheres: heterostructure integrity for visible light responsive photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Ranjith Kugalur Shanmugam , Mohammadi Ali , Raju Ganji Seeta Rama , Huh Yun Suk , Han Young-Kyu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Energy scarcity and environmental pollution have prompted research in hydrogen generation from solar to develop clean energy through highly efficient, effective, and long-lasting photocatalytic systems. Designing a catalyst with robust stability and an effective carrier separation rate was achieved through heterostructure assembly, but certain functionalities must be explored. In this paper we designed a ternary heterostructure assembly of CdS nanospheres wrapped with hierarchical shell walls of layered MXene-tagged MoS2 nanoflakes, forming intimate interfaces through an in-situ growth process. An in-layered shell wall of MXene with surface-wrapped MoS2 nanoflakes as a core–shell assembly improved the photo-corrosion resistance and accelerated the production of photocatalytic H2 (38.5 mmol g−1 h−1), which is 10.7, 3.1, and 1.9 times faster than that of CdS, CdS–MXe, and CdS–MoS2 nanostructures, respectively. The apparent quantum efficiency of the CdS–MXe2.4/MoS2 heterostructure was calculated to be 34.6% at λ = 420 nm. X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies validated the electronic states, energy band alignment, and work function of the heterostructures, whilst time-resolved photoluminescence measured the carrier lifespan to evaluate the effective charge migration in the CdS-MXe/MoS2 heterostructure. The dual surface wrapping of MXe/MoS2 over CdS nanospheres confirmed the structural durability that remained intact throughout the photocatalytic reaction, promoting approximately 93.1% of its catalytic property even after five repeatable cycles. This study examined how the MXene heterostructure template improves the catalytic efficiency and opens a new way to design MXene-based durable heterostructure catalysts for solar-energy conversion.

Graphical Abstract
Comparable postoperative outcomes in patients treated with either open or arthroscopic trochleoplasty for patella dysplasia
Authors: Riedl Georg , Holzer Lukas A. , Smekal Vinzenz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic results of the arthroscopic and the open trochleoplasty techniques.

Methods
A total of 83 trochleoplasties in 83 patients were performed between 2014 and 2021 in one institution. Surgical indications for trochleoplasty were recurrent patellofemoral instability and a lateral trochlear inclination angle (LTI) ≤ 11˚ and a trochlear depth ≤ 6 mm. Of the trochleoplasties, 40 were done by open technique (OT) and 43 by arthroscopic technique (AT). In every case an additional medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction was performed. Additional tuberosity tibia transfer and/or de-rotation of the femur were done when indicated. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analyzed in respect to LTI, trochlear depth, and lateralization of the patella. Postoperative subjective clinical assessment was done using the Kujala Score, Banff II Score, Tegner Score, and Marx Score.

Results
Of the patients, 15 with OT and 20 with AT were available for follow-up. The mean follow-up was 29.9 months in the OT group and 12.7 months in the AT group. No re-dislocation was observed in either groups. A significant reduction of LTI, increase of trochlear depth, and a reduction of lateralization of the patella was observed between the pre- and postoperative MRI scans in both groups. No significant difference in the observed MRI parameters was found between the two groups. Neither was there a difference in the postoperative Kujala Score, Banff II Score, Tegner Score, and Marx Score between the two groups. Length of stay was on average 6.2 days in the AT group and 8.1 days in the OT group. The surgical time was on average 141 min in the OT group and 160 min in the AT group.

Conclusion
We found that patients undergoing an arthroscopic trochleoplasty had a comparable outcome with respect to clinical and radiological parameters compared with patients treated by open trochleoplasty.
A self-reported questionnaire for screening of hearing impairment in older
Authors: Aakash Mishra , Nikita Nanavati 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Hearing loss is a prevalent concern for older adults aged 60 years and above, making early intervention essential. Accurate diagnosis relies on calibrated instruments, soundproof environments, and qualified audiologists. While these resources are often available, certain situations may limit access. This study investigates the potential of self-assessment tools as an alternative screening method for older adults to identify those who may require further audiological evaluation.

Aim
To study the efficacy of self-reported questionnaire in identifying hearing loss among older adults and its potential application in clinical practice.

Method
This cross-sectional study included a total of 160 older adults. Participants were divided into two groups: Group I with normal hearing sensitivity and Group II with mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. Pure-tone audiometry was used to measure hearing thresholds, followed by administering a questionnaire.

Result
It was observed that there was significant difference between scores of the self-awareness and communication difficulties for different degrees of hearing loss among older adults (p-value < 0.05). The cut-off score was observed to be increasing with the increase of the hearing loss, and also, it was observed that there is a positive strong correlation between scores of self-awareness domain and communication difficulties domain across different degrees of hearing loss.

Conclusion
Thus, this questionnaire could be an effective tool for screening of hearing loss and assessing its severity, from mild to moderately severe in older adults. This will facilitate early detection and intervention, potentially enhancing their quality of life.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia
Authors: Marshall Gad A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article discusses the prevalence, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
There is a growing body of evidence localizing neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia to frontal circuits in the brain, as well as relating them to pathologic changes seen in different dementias. Although very few medications have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, there are more clinical trials showing the benefit of antidepressants, stimulants, and antipsychotics. In line with that trend, in 2023, the FDA approved the use of brexpiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic, for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer disease dementia.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a core feature of all dementias and often emerge before cognitive symptoms manifest. They are highly clinically significant symptoms that disrupt the lives of patients and care partners and greatly influence the decision to place patients in long-term care facilities. The first line of treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia is nonpharmacologic behavioral modification, but clinicians often must supplement this intervention with medications using an empiric approach.
Atypical Presentations of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Jones David , Pelak Victoria , Rogalski Emily 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article provides a comprehensive review of the distinct features of four atypical Alzheimer disease (AD) variants: dysexecutive AD, behavioral variant AD, posterior cortical atrophy, and the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia. It also elucidates their clinical presentations, underlying pathophysiologic pathways, diagnostic indicators, and management requirements.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Recent research has revealed that these atypical AD forms vary not only in clinical manifestations but in their functional neuroanatomy spanning a common pathophysiologic spectrum. Imaging techniques, such as MRI, fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), and tau PET, have identified distinct abnormalities in specific brain regions associated with each variant. This same variability is less tightly coupled to amyloid imaging. Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies should be tailored to each variant's unique features.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Atypical forms of AD often present with symptoms that are predominantly nonmemory related, distinguishing them from the more common memory-centric presentation of the disease. Two distinct clinical and pathologic entities, dysexecutive AD and behavioral variant AD, have replaced the outdated term frontal AD. Posterior cortical atrophy is another variant that mainly affects higher-order visual functions, which can lead to misdiagnoses because of its atypical symptom profile. Logopenic primary progressive aphasia is marked by difficulties in word retrieval, a challenge that may not be readily apparent if the person compensates by using circumlocution. Modern diagnostic techniques, such as MRI, PET, and biomarker analysis, have proven crucial for the accurate diagnosis and differentiation of these atypical AD variants. In treating these forms, it is critical to use tailored therapeutic interventions that combine pharmacotherapy with nonpharmacologic strategies to effectively manage the disease.
Diagnosing Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Day Gregory S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article reviews the current understanding of Alzheimer disease (AD), including the natural history, common risk factors, and expected progression of AD neuropathologic change so that neurologists can apply this knowledge to identify patients with symptoms, signs, and findings on common diagnostic tests consistent with AD.

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
The advent of potential disease-modifying therapies emphasizes the need to develop and deploy a practical and efficient approach to diagnose patients with cognitive impairment due to AD.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
The accumulation and spread of cerebral amyloid plaques and tau tangles in patients with AD leads to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and the eventual emergence and progression of cognitive impairment. A pragmatic and organized approach is needed to recognize patients with symptomatic AD in clinical practice, stage the level of impairment, confirm the clinical diagnosis, and apply this information to advance therapeutic decision making.
Neuroimaging in Dementia
Authors: Risacher Shannon L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
This article captures the current literature regarding the use of neuroimaging measures to study neurodegenerative diseases, including early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease, vascular cognitive impairment, frontotemporal lobar degeneration disorders, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson disease dementia. In particular, the article highlights significant recent changes in novel therapeutics now available for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and in defining neurodegenerative disease using biological frameworks. Studies summarized include those using structural and functional MRI (fMRI) techniques, as well as metabolic and molecular emission tomography imaging (ie, positron emission tomography [PET] and single-photon emission computerized tomography [SPECT]).

LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Neuroimaging measures are considered essential biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of most neurodegenerative diseases. The recent approval of anti-amyloid antibody therapies has highlighted the importance of MRI and PET techniques in treatment eligibility and monitoring for associated side effects. Given the success of the initial biomarker-based classification system for Alzheimer disease (the amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration [A/T/N] framework), researchers in vascular cognitive impairment have created similar techniques for biomarker-based diagnosis. Further, the A/T/N framework for Alzheimer disease has been updated to include several pathologic targets for biomarker detection.

ESSENTIAL POINTS
Neurodegenerative diseases have a major health impact on millions of patients around the world. Neuroimaging biomarkers are rapidly becoming major diagnostic tools for the detection, monitoring, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This article educates readers about the current literature surrounding the use of neuroimaging tools in neurodegenerative diseases along with recent important developments in the field.
Castor is a temporal transcription factor that specifies early born central complex neuron identity
Authors: Dillon Noah R. , Doe Chris Q. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The generation of neuronal diversity is important for brain function, but how diversity is generated is incompletely understood. We used the development of the Drosophila central complex (CX) to address this question. The CX develops from eight bilateral Type 2 neuroblasts (T2NBs), which generate hundreds of different neuronal types. T2NBs express broad opposing temporal gradients of RNA-binding proteins. It remains unknown whether these protein gradients are sufficient to directly generate all known neuronal diversity, or whether there are temporal transcription factors (TTFs) with narrow expression windows that each specify a small subset of CX neuron identities. Multiple candidate TTFs have been identified, but their function remains uncharacterized. Here, we show that: (1) the adult E-PG neurons are born from early larval T2NBs; (2) the candidate TTF Castor is expressed transiently in early larval T2NBs when E-PG and P-EN neurons are born; and (3) Castor is required to specify early born E-PG and P-EN neuron identities. We conclude that Castor is a TTF in larval T2NB lineages that specifies multiple, early born CX neuron identities.
The co-chaperone DNAJA2 buffers proteasomal degradation of cytosolic proteins with missense mutations
Authors: Baker Heather A. , Bernardini Jonathan P. , Csizmók Veronika , Madero Angel , Kamat Shriya , Eng Hailey , Lacoste Jessica , Yeung Faith A. , Comyn Sophie , Hui Elizabeth , Calabrese Gaetano , Raught Brian , Taipale Mikko , Mayor Thibault 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Mutations can disrupt the native function of protein by causing misfolding, which is generally handled by an intricate protein quality control network. To better understand the triaging mechanisms for misfolded cytosolic proteins, we screened a human mutation library to identify a panel of unstable mutations. The degradation of these mutated cytosolic proteins is largely dependent on the ubiquitin proteasome system. Using BioID proximity labelling, we found that the co-chaperones DNAJA1 and DNAJA2 are key interactors with one of the mutated proteins. Notably, the absence of DNAJA2 increases the turnover of the mutant but not the wild-type protein. Our work indicates that specific missense mutations in cytosolic proteins can promote enhanced interactions with molecular chaperones. Assessment of the broader panel of cytosolic mutant proteins shows that the co-chaperone DNAJA2 exhibits two distinct behaviours – acting to stabilize a wide array of cytosolic proteins, including wild-type variants, and to specifically ‘buffer’ some mutant proteins to reduce their turnover. Our work illustrates how distinct elements of the protein homeostasis network are utilized in the presence of a cytosolic misfolded protein.
Evidências de Validade de Conteúdo de uma Medida de Competências Socioemocionais para Crianças e Adolescentes
Authors: Marques Louise , Soares Ana Clara Capistrano , De Andrade Lucas Barrozo , Lima Adriana , Oliveira Bruno , Landeira-Fernandez Jesus , Anunciação Luis 
Published: December 2024

O desenvolvimento de competências socioemocionais de crianças e adolescentes tem sido alvo de intensa investigação ao redor do mundo nas últimas décadas. No Brasil, este tema tem ganhado cada vez mais relevância, embora haja uma escassez de instrumentos com evidências psicométricas que avaliem o curso de desenvolvimento destas competências. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em apresentar evidências iniciais na construção de um instrumento de avaliação do desenvolvimento de competências socioemocionais para crianças e adolescentes. Para alcançar este objetivo, foram selecionados cinco instrumentos em língua inglesa listados pelo Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning e foram criados itens. Foi realizado processo de tradução e retrotradução. Ao final desse processo, foi solicitada a análise dos itens por três especialistas, considerando a clareza, pertinência e consistência teórica dos itens analisados. De forma geral, os itens demonstraram níveis de clareza, pertinência e consistência teórica adequada. Tais resultados indicam que o conjunto final de itens apresentou evidências de validade de conteúdo e demonstrar ser consistentes e relevantes para investigação em novos estudos.
PREMIO INTERNACIONAL GEOCRÍTICA 2020 A LA PROFESORA DIRCE SUERTEGARAY
Authors: Capel Horacio , Ribeiro Wagner Costa 
Published: December 2024

Acta del Jurado
El Jurado Internacional ha acordado conceder el Premio Internacional Geocrítica 2020 a la Profesora Dirce M. A. Suertegaray por su contribución teórica y aplicada a la Geografía desde una perspectiva crítica, y por su compromiso institucional.
Barcelona y São Paulo 10 de febrero de 2020