bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of family functioning and resilience on self‐management and glycaemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Luo Dan , Xu Jing-Jing , Cai Xue , Zhu Min , Wang Hong , Yan Dan , Li Ming-Zi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the effects of family functioning and resilience on self‐management and glycaemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes and to determine whether resilience mediates the effects of family functioning on self‐management and glycaemic control.BackgroundPoor self‐management and glycaemic control are common in youth with type 1 diabetes. Family functioning and resilience are known to be important psychosocial factors that contribute to individual health and development. However, no studies have explored the effects of family functioning and resilience on self‐management and glycaemic control among youths with type 1 diabetes in mainland China.DesignThis study was conducted using a survey with a convenience sample following the STROBE guidelines.MethodsA total of 204 Chinese youth who had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least 6 months were recruited. Family functioning, resilience, self‐management and diabetes distress were measured using self‐reports and standard measurement tools. Glycaemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. A structural equation model was used to test the hypothesised model.ResultsThe final model accounted for 52.1% and 19.5% of the total variance of self‐management and HbA1C level, respectively. Resilience had a direct effect on self‐management and an indirect effect on control of HbA1C. Family functioning had an indirect effect on both self‐management and control of HbA1C through resilience. The model remained invariant across the mild‐distress and severe‐distress groups.ConclusionIn Chinese youth with type 1 diabetes, resilience positively affected self‐management and ultimately optimised glycaemic control, even in the presence of diabetes distress. Family functioning positively affected self‐management and glycaemic control by promoting resilience.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study found that family functioning and resilience had positive effects on self‐management and glycaemic control in youth. This study confirms the importance of incorporating resilience assessments and family‐based resilience interventions into clinical nursing practice with youth with type 1 diabetes.
Prevalence of shift work disorder among hospital personnel: A cross‐sectional study using objective working hour data
Authors: Vanttola Päivi , Puttonen Sampsa , Karhula Kati , Oksanen Tuula , Härmä Mikko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of shift work disorder (SWD) has been studied using self‐reported data and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition (ICSD‐2) criteria. We examined the prevalence in relation to ICSD‐2 and ICSD‐3 criteria, work schedules and the number of non‐day shifts (work outside 06:00–18:00 hours) using objective working‐hours data. Secondly, we explored a minimum cut‐off for the occurrence of SWD symptoms. Hospital shift workers without (n = 1,813) and with night shifts (n = 2,917) and permanent night workers (n = 84) answered a survey (response rate 69%) on SWD and fatigue on days off. The prevalence of SWD was calculated for groups with ≥1, ≥3, ≥5 and ≥7 monthly non‐day shifts utilizing the working hours registry. ICSD‐3‐based SWD prevalence was 2.5%–3.7% (shift workers without nights), 2.6%–9.5% (shift workers with nights) and 6.0% (permanent night workers), depending on the cut‐off of non‐day shifts (≥7–1/month, respectively). The ICSD‐2‐based prevalence was higher: 7.1%–9.2%, 5.6%–33.5% and 16.7%, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher among shift workers with than those without nights (p‐values <.001) when using the cut‐offs of ≥1–3 non‐day shifts. Shift workers with nights who had ≥3 days with ICSD‐3‐based SWD symptoms/month more commonly had fatigue on days off (49.3%) than those below the cut‐off (35.8%, p < .05). The ICSD‐3 criteria provided lower estimates for SWD prevalence than ISCD‐2 criteria, similarly to exclusion of employees with the fewest non‐day shifts. The results suggest that a plausible cut‐off for days with ICSD‐3‐based SWD symptoms is ≥3/month, resulting in 3%–6% prevalence of SWD.
Prototypes of Faith: Findings with the Faith Q‐Sort
Authors: Wulff David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDefining religion and finding ways to assess it in individual lives has long challenged psychologists of religion. At first, open‐ended questionnaires were used, but with the advent of modern statistical methods, a succession of religiosity scales was developed. But these usually brief scales were typically based on the preconceptions of their authors, who were overwhelmingly Protestant Christian and often conservative, much as were those who completed them. To provide a more adequate way of assessing “faith,” a term here encompassing both religious and nonreligious attitudes, a new assessment device was developed that incorporates the singular advantages of Q methodology. The Faith Q‐Sort consists of 101 statements that respondents sort on a nine‐category continuum, indicating the degree to which each statement describes himself or herself. Factor analysis based on correlations of the sorts rather than individual items yielded, for the initial group of participants, three major prototypes and five minor ones, accounting for 67 percent of the variance. Of the 42 participants, 31 proved to be exemplars of one or another of the eight prototypes. Subsequent explorations illustrate the wealth of possibilities the FQS offers, both as a research instrument and a counseling tool.
Intergenerational Earnings and Income Mobility in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Thang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the intergenerational mobility of earnings and income in Vietnam using the two‐sample two‐stage least squares estimation. The baseline intergenerational elasticity estimates show that Vietnam occupies the intermediate degrees of intergenerational mobility of earnings and income for both sons and daughters. In particular, a rise of 10 per cent in fathers’ earnings is on average associated with an increase of 3.61 per cent and 3.94 per cent for sons’ earnings and income, respectively. The corresponding figures for daughters’ earnings and income are 2.84 per cent and 3.33 per cent, respectively.
The Roles of Recasts, Task Complexity, and Aptitude in Child Second Language Development
Authors: Kourtali Nektaria‐Efstathia , Révész Andrea 
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the effects of task complexity on child learners’ second language (L2) gains, the relationship between aptitude and L2 development, and the extent to which task complexity influences this relationship when recasts are provided. Sixty child EFL learners were assigned to two experimental groups. During the treatment, one group completed simple information transmission tasks, whereas the other group performed complex decision‐making tasks. In response to errors in the use of the present third person singular verb forms, participants received recasts. L2 development was measured through oral production, written production, and elicited imitation tests. Aptitude was assessed through LLAMA D, LLAMA E, and LLAMA F. Less cognitively demanding tasks were more beneficial. Participants’ performance on LLAMA E predicted L2 gains measured through elicited imitation, and their LLAMA D scores predicted development measured through the oral and written production tests under complex task conditions.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Data and Open Materials badges. The data and materials from this study are publicly accessible via the IRIS digital repository athttp://www.iris-database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
The power of neural oscillations to inform sentence comprehension: A linguistic perspective
Authors: Prystauka Yanina , Lewis Ashley Glen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe field of psycholinguistics is currently experiencing an explosion of interest in the analysis of neural oscillations—rhythmic brain activity synchronized at different temporal and spatial levels. Given that language comprehension relies on a myriad of processes, which are carried out in parallel in distributed brain networks, there is hope that this methodology might bring the field closer to understanding some of the more basic (spatially and temporally distributed, yet at the same time often overlapping) neural computations that support language function. In this review, we discuss existing proposals linking oscillatory dynamics in different frequency bands to basic neural computations and review relevant theories suggesting associations between band‐specific oscillations and higher‐level cognitive processes. More or less consistent patterns of oscillatory activity related to certain types of linguistic processing can already be derived from the evidence that has accumulated over the past few decades. The centerpiece of the current review is a synthesis of such patterns grouped by linguistic phenomenon. We restrict our review to evidence linking measures of oscillatory power to the comprehension of sentences, as well as linguistically (and/or pragmatically) more complex structures. For each grouping, we provide a brief summary and a table of associated oscillatory signatures that a psycholinguist might expect to find when employing a particular linguistic task. Summarizing across different paradigms, we conclude that a handful of basic neural oscillatory mechanisms are likely recruited in different ways and at different times for carrying out a variety of linguistic computations.
Cryptochromes integrate green light signals into the circadian system
Authors: Battle Martin William , Jones Matthew Alan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlants are acutely sensitive of their light environment, adapting their growth habit and prioritizing developmental decisions to maximize fecundity. In addition to providing an energy source and directional information, light quality also contributes to entrainment of the circadian system, an endogenous timing mechanism that integrates endogenous and environmental signalling cues to promote growth. Whereas plants' perception of red and blue portions of the spectrum are well defined, green light sensitivity remains enigmatic. In this study, we show that low fluence rates of green light are sufficient to entrain and maintain circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis and that cryptochromes contribute to this response. Importantly, green light responses are distinguishable from low blue light‐induced phenotypes. These data suggest a distinct signalling mechanism enables entrainment of the circadian system in green light‐enriched environments, such as those found in undergrowth and in densely planted monoculture.
A 11‐day compressed overload and taper induces larger physiological improvements than a normal taper in elite cyclists
Authors: Rønnestad Bent R. , Vikmoen Olav 
Published: August 2019

Endurance athletes usually achieve performance peaking with 2‐4 weeks of overload training followed by 1‐3 weeks of tapering. With a tight competition schedule, this may not be appropriate. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of a compressed variant of the recommended overload and tapering approach (EXP; n = 9, VO2peak = 77 ± 5 mL·min−1·kg−1) with a 11‐day traditional taper that maintained the usual frequency of high‐intensity aerobic interval training (HIT) and reduced the duration of training at lower exercise intensity (TRAD, n = 8, VO2peak = 74 ± 4 mL·min−1·kg−1) on physiological and psychological variables of endurance performance. EXP performed a 6‐day period with daily HIT followed by a 5‐day step taper. Testing was performed before the intervention (pre), on the 7th (post‐1), and on the 11th day of the intervention (post‐2). From pre to post‐2, EXP achieved a larger relative improvement than TRAD in VO2peak (4.0 ± 3.7% vs 0.8 ± 1.8%, respectively, P = .041) and the 1‐min peak power output from the VO2peak test (5.0 ± 3.6% vs 0.9 ± 1.5%, respectively, P = .009) and had a tendency toward larger improvement in power output at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol∙L−1 (P = .088) and peak isokinetic knee extension (P = .06). The effect size of the relative improvement in the endurance variables revealed a moderate‐to‐large effect of EXP vs TRAD. In conclusion, this study indicates that elite cyclists performing the present 11‐day compressed performance peaking protocol consisting of a 6‐day HIT overload followed by a 5‐day step taper are superior to a 11‐day taper only.
Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals plant DNA damage signalling pathways with a functional role for histone H2AX phosphorylation in plant growth under genotoxic stress
Authors: Waterworth Wanda M. , Wilson Michael , Wang Dapeng , Nuhse Thomas , Warward Stacey , Selley Julian , West Christopher E. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryDNA damage responses are crucial for plant growth under genotoxic stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that DNA damage responses differ between plant cell types. Here, quantitative shotgun phosphoproteomics provided high‐throughput analysis of the DNA damage response network in callus cells. MS analysis revealed a wide network of highly dynamic changes in the phosphoprotein profile of genotoxin‐treated cells, largely mediated by the ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) protein kinase, representing candidate factors that modulate plant growth, development and DNA repair. A C‐terminal dual serine target motif unique to H2AX in the plant lineage showed 171‐fold phosphorylation that was absent in atm mutant lines. The physiological significance of post‐translational DNA damage signalling to plant growth and survival was demonstrated using reverse genetics and complementation studies of h2ax mutants, establishing the functional role of ATM‐mediated histone modification in plant growth under genotoxic stress. Our findings demonstrate the complexity and functional significance of post‐translational DNA damage signalling responses in plants and establish the requirement of H2AX phosphorylation for plant survival under genotoxic stress.
Degradation of phenol using mill scale as a Fenton‐type catalyst
Authors: Salazar‐Arias Ángela M. , Giraldo‐Gómez Gloria I. , Sanabria‐González Nancy R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe oxidation of phenol using mill scale (waste material produced during the hot rolling of steel) as iron source in a type Fenton process was investigated in this work. The mill scale was characterized by XRF, FT‐IR, XRD and SEM. The oxidation tests were carried at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, controlling the pH to 3.7. The phenol conversion and total organic carbon (TOC) removal as a function of catalyst loading (300–1000 mg/L) and phenol concentration (47 and 100 mg/L) were evaluated. The mill scale achieved high conversion of phenol (between 60.8 ± 2.2 and 94.5 ± 2.5%) and mineralization to CO2 (between 38.9 ± 1.2 and 55.6 ± 2.5%) after 4‐h reaction. The mill scale showed a good catalytic performance, even after three cycles of reaction. Therefore, utilizing mill scale as a catalyst of the Fenton process is an alternative to the use of waste in the steel industry.
Reflecting the environmental cost of greenhouse gas emissions from an urban water system in the water price
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from an urban water system in Taiwan using a lifecycle assessment method. The water system of the Taipei region was used as a case study. Both on‐site and off‐site emissions of GHGs were considered. Total GHG emissions from the urban water system were 151,211.3 t CO2‐eq/y in the study period. On‐site GHG emissions from water surfaces and chemical additives contributed 3.1% and 18.3% of total emissions. The reservoir accounted for 1% of total off‐site GHG emissions from electricity consumption; 60.3% was from purification plants and 38.7% from boosting stations. The environmental cost of GHG emissions from the urban water system was calculated as US$0.001 per ton of water, which implies that the water price in Taiwan should be increased to US$0.27/t. This study explored the principle of ‘user pays’ in water pricing by monetizing the environmental cost of GHG emissions.
Early immune mechanisms of neonatal porcine islet xenograft rejection
Authors: Mok Dereck , Black Mazzen , Gupta Nancy , Arefanian Hossein , Tredget Eric , Rayat Gina R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal pigs have the potential to provide an inexhaustible source of islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, the immunological barriers to islet xenotransplantation still need to be overcome. A better understanding of the xeno‐specific immune responses that are involved in neonatal porcine islet (NPI) xenotransplant rejection will help to facilitate the identification of new targets for anti‐rejection therapies, and thus enable more specific targeting of the immune cells and molecules involved.MethodsIn this study, we examined the early events of NPI xenograft rejection in the absence of autoimmunity using an immune‐competent B6 mouse transplant model. Immune cells were identified by immunohistochemistry and immune molecules were identified by reverse transcription‐PCR and flow cytometry assays.ResultsOur results demonstrated that early events in NPI xenograft rejection are characterized by initial infiltration of innate immune cells such as macrophages (M1) and neutrophils.ConclusionsTargeting these cells, which appear early in the rejection process, may provide an opportunity to abort the rejection process prior to activation of T cells. One strategy could be the blockade of chemotactic signals associated with preferential recruitment of immune cells into the graft site. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that early recruitment of immune cells into graft site is controlled by chemotactic activities and suggest a potential target to prevent the early infiltration of immune cells within the graft. Our findings in this study will have significance in improving NPI xenograft acceptance and induce long‐term xenograft survival.
Understanding reliever overuse in patients purchasing over-the-counter short-acting beta2agonists: an Australian community pharmacy-based survey
Authors: Azzi Elizabeth A , Kritikos Vicky , Peters Matthew J , Price David B , Srour Pamela , Cvetkovski Biljana , Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesOveruse of asthma relievers is associated with significant adverse consequences. This study aimed to better understand the population purchasing and using short-acting beta agonists (SABA) over the counter (OTC); and compare the demographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics of those who overuse SABA with those who do not.Design and settingReal-world cross-sectional observational study in community pharmacy.ParticipantsOf 412 participants ≥16 years requesting SABA OTC, 289 were SABA overusers (used SABA more than twice per week in the past 4 weeks).Main outcome measureReliever use, Global Initiative for Asthma-defined control, healthcare utilisation, patterns of preventer use.Results70.1% of participants were classified as SABA overusers, that is, reporting SABA use more than twice a week within the last 4 weeks, 73.6% reported not using a preventer daily and only 81.6% reported a doctor diagnosis of asthma. SABA overusers were more likely to have moderate-severe nasal symptoms (80.8% vs 63.0%, p<0.001) and a diagnosis of depression (11.1% vs 5.7%, p<0.001), when compared with SABA non-overusers. A higher proportion of SABA overusers had uncontrolled asthma (59.0% vs 15.4%, p<0.001), were more likely to use oral corticosteroids to manage worsening asthma symptoms (26.2% vs 13.5%, p<0.01) and visit the doctor for their asthma in the past 12 months (74.5% vs 62.5%, p<0.01), when compared to SABA non-overusers.ConclusionsThis study uncovers a hidden population of people who can only be identified in pharmacy with suboptimal asthma, coexisting rhinitis, poor preventer adherence and, in some cases, no asthma diagnosis.
Self-identified sexual orientations and high-risk sexual behaviours among Chinese youth
Authors: Liu Yuning , Yang Minhui , Zhao Chunshan , Tan Shihui , Tang Kun 
Published: August 2019

PurposeHigh-risk sexual behaviour is a factor affecting the health of sexual minority students, yet few related studies have been completed among Chinese students. This article explores the distribution of sexual minority groups and its association with high-risk sexual behaviours and symptoms of sexually transmitted infections(STIs) among Chinese college students.MethodsAn internet-based questionnaire was applied, and a sample of 17 966 surveys from 130 Chinese colleges was collected. Based on their self-reports, participants were classified into the following groups: homosexual male or female, heterosexual, bisexual, and sexual orientation unknown. High-risk sexual behaviours were defined as having sexual intercourse before the age of 18 years, having one's sexual debut with a non-regular partner, having had more than four sexual partners before investigation, and having mostly had sexual intercourse without using condoms. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyse the associations.ResultsThe proportions of the homosexual males and females, and the bisexual groups were 1.62%, 0.88% and 5.07%, respectively. Homosexual males were more likely to have their sexual debut with a non-regular partner (OR 4.79, 95% CI 3.38 to 6.78), having more than four sexual partners (OR 5.81, 95% CI 4.06 to 8.32), having their sexual debut before the age of 18 years (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.76), and not using condoms for most episodes of sexual intercourse (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.17). Similar associations also existed among homosexual females. A positive association between sexual orientation and having symptoms of STIs (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.18) was found among homosexual males.ConclusionsSexual minority groups among Chinese college students had a greater risk of engaging in high-risk sexual behaviours and having STI symptoms. Future studies and interventions should focus on this population.