bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Review: Treatment for suicidal and self‐harming adolescents – advances in suicide prevention care
Authors: Asarnow Joan Rosenbaum , Mehlum Lars 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death globally in youths, and suicidal behavior and self‐harm are major clinical concerns. This article updates the previous practitioner review (2012) with the aims of integrating new research evidence, including that reported in this Special Issue.MethodsThe article reviews scientific evidence related to steps in the care pathway for identifying and treating youths with elevated suicide/self‐harm risk, specifically: (a) screening and risk assessment; (b) treatment; and (c) community‐level suicide prevention strategies.ResultsReview of current evidence indicates that major advances have been achieved in knowledge regarding clinical and preventive practices for reducing suicide and self‐harm risk in adolescents. The evidence supports the value of brief screeners for identifying youths with elevated suicide/self‐harm risk and the efficacy of some treatments for suicidal and self‐harm behavior. Dialectical behavior therapy currently meets Level 1 criteria (2 independent trials supporting efficacy) as the first well‐established treatment for self‐harm, and other approaches have shown efficacy in single randomized controlled trials. The effectiveness of some community‐based suicide prevention strategies for reducing suicide mortality and suicide attempt rates has been demonstrated.ConclusionsCurrent evidence can guide practitioners in delivering effective care for youth suicide/self‐harm risk. Treatments and preventive interventions that address the psychosocial environment and enhance the ability of trusted adults to protect and support youths, while also addressing the psychological needs of youths appear to yield the greatest benefits. Although additional research is needed, our current challenge is to do our best to effectively utilize new knowledge to improve care and outcomes in our communities.
A New Statistic to Assess Fitness of Cubic‐Spline Postsmoothing
Authors: Kim Hyung Jin , Brennan Robert L. , Lee Won‐Chan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn equating, smoothing techniques are frequently used to diminish sampling error. There are typically two types of smoothing: presmoothing and postsmoothing. For polynomial log‐linear presmoothing, an optimum smoothing degree can be determined statistically based on the Akaike information criterion or Chi‐square difference criterion. For cubic‐spline postsmoothing, visual inspection has been an important tool in choosing such optimum degrees in operational settings. This study introduces a new statistic for assessing the fitness of the cubic‐spline postsmoothing method, which accommodates three conditions: (1) one standard error band, (2) deviation from unsmoothed equivalents, and (3) smoothness. A principal advantage of the new statistic proposed in this study is that an optimum degree of smoothing can be selected automatically by giving consistent amount of attention to deviation and smoothness across multiple equatings, whereas visual inspection may not be consistent.
Improvement of almond production usingBombus terrestris(Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Marqués Alicia , Juan Andreu , Ruíz Maurici , Traveset Anna , Leza Mar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlmond trees are one of the most important crops in the Balearic Islands. The pollination of almonds is limited to the activity of insects, and cross‐pollination is necessary for fruit development. Currently, honey bees and wild bee populations are declining considerably due to multiple causes, such as the use of pesticides, diseases and habitat loss. An alternative to increase the almond production is the use of commercial pollinators. In this long‐term (3 years) study, the effect of the introduction ofBombus terrestriscolonies on almond production was evaluated in two orchards. Two experimental designs were carried out to study the best management of this pollinator. For 2 years, all bumble bee colonies were placed in the middle of the plot and during the last year, the bumble bee colonies were distributed homogenously in the plot. Fruit set and the foraging behaviour of bumble bees during the blossoming period was determined, and the effect of different environmental variables on the visitation rate of bumble bees was assessed by means of a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Moreover, for the first time, the spatial distribution of fruit set was evaluated. Our results show that fruit set was significantly higher in the fields whereB. terrestrishad been introduced than in the control plots. This increased production resulted in a positive economic balance for the farmer. Moreover, bumble bees showed to prefer trees in a southwest orientation that were close to their colony. The activity of bumble bees showed to be significantly influenced by wind speed (the higher the speed the more flowers are visited byB. terrestris) and time after flowering (visitation rate decreased with days after flowering). In order to improve its management and obtain the highest possible almond production, it is important to understand the activity and behaviour of this pollinator.
“Some sort of fantasy land”: A qualitative investigation of appropriate prescribing in cancer care
Authors: Ghinea Narcyz , Wiersma Miriam , Kerridge Ian , Olver Ian , Pearson Sallie , Day Richard , Liauw Winston , Lipworth Wendy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesIncreasing the appropriateness of prescribing has long been a focus of government, non‐government, and professional organizations. Progress towards this is made difficult by the fact appropriate prescribing remains inconsistently defined and is the subject of ongoing intense disagreement. In this study, we attempted to understand why this is the case within the context of oncology and haematology.MethodsWe performed a qualitative empirical analysis of semi‐structured interviews with 16 Australian oncologists and haematologists.ResultsWe found that oncologists framed appropriate prescribing in terms of the following inter‐related, and at times opposed, values: civic mindedness, hope and compassion, realism, and virtue in motivation.ConclusionsThese values cannot be ranked a priori, and therefore, any definition of appropriate prescribing must be aligned with what communities want from their health system. When one value is privileged over another in any specific context, a compelling argument must be provided to justify the choice. In an era of shared decision making, patient rights, and high‐cost medicines, we need to reassess what we mean by appropriate prescribing in cancer care.
Characterization of the continuous skin fibroblastoid cell line, WE‐skin11f, from walleye (Sander vitreus)
Authors: Vo Nguyen T.K. , Katzenback Barbara A. , Kellendonk Calvin , Duong Tu , Curtis Theresa M. , Dixon Brian , Bols Niels C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA walleye dermal fibroblastoid cell line, WE‐skin11f, was established and characterized. WE‐skin11f was immunocytochemically positive for two known dermal fibroblast protein markers: vimentin and collagen I. At passage 26, WE‐skin11f cultures contained both diploid and aneuploid populations. Ascorbic acid was required to produce extracellular collagen I fibres. Both of the skin fibroblastoid cell lines, WE‐skin11f and rainbow trout‐derived RTHDF, were not as good as the walleye caudal fin fibroblastoid cell line, WE‐cfin11f, at forming abundant dense extracellular collagen matrices. The thermobiology of WE‐skin11f was similar to that of other walleye cell lines with 26°C showing best temperature for growth and 4°C showing no growth but 100% viability. The transcript levels of b2m and mhIa genes of the major histocompatibility class I receptor in WE‐skin11f were largely similar at all temperatures examined (4, 14, 20 and 26°C). Cortisol had a variety of effects on WE‐skin11f cells: growth inhibition, morphological change from fibroblastoid to epithelioid, and enhancement of barrier function. Treatment of WE‐skin11f cells with the physiologically relevant concentration of 100 ng/ml cortisol inhibited collagen I synthesis and matrix formation. Thus, WE‐skin11f cell line could be useful in fish dermatology, endocrinology, and immunology research.
Modeling the effect of thermal combined with high‐pressure treatment on intramuscular lipid oxidation in pork
Authors: Huang Yechuan , Zhang Wen , Xiong Shuangli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe kinetics of lipid oxidation in pork during high‐pressure combined with thermal (HP‐T) treatment were studied within the condition range of 300–600 MPa and 20–60°C. Results showed that the lipid oxidation rate constants (k values) increased with increasing pressure or temperature. Lipid primary oxidation exhibited higher k values than secondary oxidation at each investigated pressure–temperature. At the studied pressure range, the temperature dependence (activation energy) of both primary lipid oxidation and secondary lipid oxidation rate constants decreased with increasing pressure; while the highest sensitivity of lipid oxidation rate constants to pressure (activation volume) was observed at 30°C for primary oxidation, and 40°C for secondary oxidation. Four kinetic models for lipid oxidation basing on Arrhenius and Eyring equation were established successfully.Practical ApplicationsHigh pressure processing plays a more and more important role in food industry, however, the application of this technology in animal products is limited because of increased lipid oxidation due to high pressure treatment, the reason for which reported by different authors is inconsistent. To better understand the real causes of lipid oxidation induced by high pressure and control it purposefully, the kinetic models for lipid primary and secondary oxidation basing on Arrhenius and Eyring equation were established successfully in this article. In practice, the predetermined combinations of temperature and pressure during HP‐T treatment of pork could be evaluated by predicting the effect of these conditions on lipid oxidation using the models established in this study, and thereafter modifying and selecting the optimal treatment conditions. The models should be validated or modified when applied to other types of meat basing on a larger number of experiments.
The Cognitive Effects of Experiencing and Observing Subtle Racial Discrimination
Authors: Ozier Elise M. , Taylor Valerie Jones , Murphy Mary C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMost research on the cognitive effects of subtle racial discrimination among racial and ethnic minorities focuses on direct experiences of it wherein stigmatized individuals are the targets of discriminatory treatment. However, it is not necessary for people to be the direct target of discriminatory behavior to experience the negative consequences associated with it. Although exposure to discriminatory behavior is increasingly common given the accessibility of smartphones and social media, we know relatively little about how this exposure affects people's executive functioning. Here, we provide a systematic, comparative review of the extant literature on the effects of (a) personally experiencing versus (b) observing instances of subtle racial discrimination toward others on three core executive functions: inhibition, shifting, and updating. We highlight where more work is needed to understand the cognitive consequences of observing discrimination and we provide initial evidence that observing subtle discrimination impairs updating—a previously unexplored relationship. Finally, we discuss the implications of executive function impairment due to observing and experiencing subtle discrimination for long‐term outcomes, such as academic achievement, employment, and mental health.
Identification of novel key lncRNAs involved in periodontitis by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Jin Su‐Han , Zhou Rui‐Hao , Guan Xiao‐Yan , Zhou Jian‐Guo , Liu Jian‐Guo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontitis is a multifactorial disease that can lead to the progressive destruction of dental support tissue. However, the detailed mechanisms and specific biomarkers involved in periodontitis remain to be further studied. Recently, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play a more important role than other types of RNAs. In our study, we analysed the expression of lncRNAs in periodontitis by analysing GSE16134.Material and MethodsWe identified highly correlated genes by analysing GSE16134 with weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified 50 hub lncRNAs that were dysregulated. Then, we used the Linear Models for Microarray Data (Limma) package to identify the hub lncRNAs that were differentially expressed (DElncRNAs). The ceRNA co‐expression network data were obtained from several sites, including miRcode, and were used to assess the potential WGCNA function of hub DElncRNAs in periodontitis. Besides, we divided the samples into LBX2‐AS1 high and low expression group by the expression level of LBX2‐AS1 and calculated DEG by Limma package. Furthermore, we performed GO function, KEGG pathway and GSEA enrichment of DEGs.ResultsIn the analysis, we identified 50 hub lncRNAs that may play important roles in periodontitis. Then, we used the Limma package to identify 3 hub DElncRNAs (LINC00687, LBX2‐AS1 and LINC01566). We elucidated the potential function of the hub DElncRNA LBX2‐AS1 in periodontitis by constructing a co‐expression network of lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA interactions. Totally, 573 DEGs (354 up‐ and 219 downregulated) in periodontitis samples were identified. DEGs were enriched in different GO terms and pathways, such as neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil activation, neutrophil activation involved in immune response, neutrophil‐mediated immunity, antigen processing and presentation, JAK‐STAT signalling pathway, natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, phosphatidylinositol signalling system and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signalling pathway.ConclusionIn our study, we found that 3 hub DElncRNAs (LINC00687, LBX2‐AS1 and LINC01566) may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis based on WGCNA and Limma analysis. Our study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in periodontitis at the genetic and epigenetic levels by constructing a ceRNA network associated with lncRNA. Besides, identification DEGs of differential LBX2‐AS1 and functional annotation showed that LBX2‐AS1 might be associated with periodontitis.
Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Stewart Allison J. , Hackett Eileen , Bertin Francois‐Rene , Towns Taylor J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum cortisol concentrations increase with illness‐associated stress. Dynamics of plasma ACTH and serum cortisol concentrations in adult horses with systemic illness are undocumented.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo determine whether ACTH and cortisol concentrations and the ACTH/cortisol ratio vary with survival, the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), or ischemic gastrointestinal lesions at admission, or throughout hospitalization.AnimalsOne hundred fifty‐one adult horses.MethodsProspective study measuring serum cortisol and plasma ACTH at admission and on days 2, 4, and 6 of hospitalization. Horses were grouped by outcome (survival, SIRS status, number of SIRS criteria [SIRS score], SIRS severity group, and the presence of an ischemic lesion). Differences between groups and over time for ACTH, cortisol, and ACTH/cortisol ratio were investigated with a mixed effect model. Receiving operator characteristic curves and odds ratios were calculated for survival and ischemia.ResultsIn all groups, ACTH, cortisol, and ACTH/cortisol ratio significantly decreased over time (P < .0001). ACTH, cortisol, and ACTH/cortisol ratio were higher at admission in nonsurvivors, and ACTH and cortisol were higher in horses with ischemic lesions (P < .01). Horses with ACTH above reference interval at admission were 6.10 (2.73‐13.68 [95% confidence interval]) times less likely to survive (P < .0001). No significant difference in ACTH, cortisol, and ACTH/cortisol ratio between horses with different SIRS status, scores, or groups were detected, although nonsurvivors had a higher SIRS score (P < .0001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePituitary and adrenal responses are altered in nonsurviving horses and those with an ischemic gastrointestinal lesion.
Phenotypic selection mosaic for flower length influenced by geographically varying hawkmoth pollinator proboscis length and abiotic environment
Authors: Soteras Florencia , Rubini Pisano Malén Aluhé , Bariles Julieta Belén , Moré Marcela , Cocucci Andrea Arístides 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Biotic and abiotic context may affect the intensity of interspecific interactions and subsequently drive locally particular phenotypic selection patterns on interacting traits.

We evaluated the geographical variation of matching traits of the brush‐type flowers of Caesalpinia gilliesii and of the proboscis length of its guild of hawkmoth pollinators, as well as their relationship with environmental variables. We assessed the geographical variation of interacting traits (style and filament vs mean proboscis length of the guild of hawkmoths) across seven populations and estimated phenotypic selection on the plant side.

Interacting traits showed similar relationships with environmental variables. Phenotypic selection on the plant side was influenced by proboscis length and by environmental conditions. Mean proboscis length of the guild was shorter than previously recorded for the same study area, thus probably shifting the selective optima of flower length. We observed two presumptive coevolutionary cold spots where one‐sided negative directional selection is acting on style length. The lack of selection on the pollinator side should be further confirmed.

We provided joint evidence, mostly lacking, about the geographical variation of selective pressures on the plant side associated with both proboscis length and abiotic conditions. We suggest that recent environmental change may be shifting floral length optima.
Reproducibility of Natural Head Position assessed with stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Jakobsone Gundega , Vuollo Ville , Pirttiniemi Pertti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the stability of Natural Head Position (NHP) over time using the 3dMDface System.Setting and sample populationThis was an experimental study. Three‐dimensional facial images of 40 students were captured on two different occasions, with an interval of at least two weeks.Materials and MethodsThe images were taken using a stereophotogrammetric device (3dMD). The mirror positioned NHP was obtained in a standing position and then replicated in a sitting position for capturing. The self‐balanced NHP was taken in a sitting position. Rapidform 3D software was used for position angle calculations. The angle changes between the positions were calculated for rotations around the x‐, y‐ and z‐axes.ResultsThe differences between NHP in the self‐balanced and mirror positions recorded on the first and second occasions were 2.43 and 1.75 degrees, respectively, around the x‐axis. The average changes in NHP around the x‐axis between the self‐balanced and mirror balanced positions exceeded 3 degrees at the two‐week interval. The differences were smaller for the rotations around the y‐ and z‐axes. Some subjects consistently tended to hold their heads in a more extended position when self‐balanced, while others did this when mirror balanced. There was no difference in the reproducibility of NHP between men and women.ConclusionThe reproducibility of NHP for consecutive stereophotogrammetric captures is generally acceptable. The reproducibility of NHP using the mirror position was slightly better compared with NHP in the sitting self‐balanced position.
A flipped classroom in graduate medical education
Authors: Blair Rachel A , Caton Julia B , Hamnvik Ole‐Petter R 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe role of the flipped classroom model in graduate medical education (GME) is not yet defined. We set out to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of a flipped classroom instructional model in an internal medicine curriculum.MethodsThis pilot study was carried out in an academic medical centre in the USA with 43 second‐year internal medicine postgraduate trainees. Trainees watched videos on the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes outside of the classroom, followed by an in‐class session in which they engaged in case‐based discussions. The intervention was evaluated using surveys and a knowledge test before, immediately after and 6 months after the intervention.ResultsThe mean number of correct answers for a 10‐question knowledge test was 5.25 before the intervention, 8.00 in the immediate post‐intervention test, and 7.10 in the 6‐month follow‐up test (p < 0.001). Six months after the intervention, 57.1% of participants reported prescribing an antidiabetic medication discussed at the session. In a focus group, trainees reported their preference for interactive, case‐based learning, concern about the time required for preparation and interest in incorporating real patient cases.DiscussionTrainees preferred the flipped classroom, which also resulted in increased knowledge and self‐reported prescribing changes; however, the required preparatory time may limit its feasibility in GME.
Full Thermal Simulation of an Arbitrary, Plane Axisymmetric Residual Stress Field
Authors: Parker Anthony P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, numerical formulations are presented; these permit full thermal simulation of an arbitrary plane axisymmetric residual stress field encompassing hoop, radial, and axial stresses. Earlier formulations were based upon the determination of a temperature profile within the tube that could only replicate radial and hoop stresses; in general, axial stresses were incorrect. This new thermal simulation provides all three stresses and is achieved by incorporating orthotropic coefficients of thermal expansion that themselves vary with radius. Results are generally highly accurate. Crucial near-bore hoop and axial stresses can be replicated within 1%. Near-bore behavior is discussed in detail. These formulations will permit subsequent determination of stress intensity factors (SIF) for arbitrarily orientated cracks within pressure vessels in the presence of pre-existing residual stresses. Note that these thermal solutions mimic known, residual stress profiles; they do not predict residual stress profiles.