bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridizing two linear relaxation techniques in interval-based solvers
Authors: Araya Ignacio , Messine Frédéric , Ninin Jordan , Trombettoni Gilles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In deterministic global optimization, techniques for linear relaxation of a non-convex program are used in the lower bound calculation phase. To achieve this phase, most deterministic global optimization codes use reformulation-linearization techniques. However, there exist also two interval-based polyhedral relaxation techniques which produce reliable bounds without adding new auxiliary variables, and which can take into account mathematical operations and most transcendental functions: (i) the affine relaxation technique, used in the IBBA code, based on affine forms and affine arithmetic, and (ii) the extremal Taylor technique, used in the Ibex-Opt code, which is based on a specific interval-based Taylor form. In this paper, we describe how these two interval-based linear relaxation techniques can be hybridized. These two approaches appear to be complementary, and such a hybrid method performs well on a representative sample of constrained global optimization instances.
Transferable situation recognition system for scenario-independent context-aware surgical assistance systems: a proof of concept
Authors: Junger D. , Kücherer C. , Hirt B. , Burgert O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Surgical interventions and the intraoperative environment can vary greatly. A system that reliably recognizes the situation in the operating room should therefore be flexibly applicable to different surgical settings. To achieve this, transferability should be focused during system design and development. In this paper, we demonstrated the feasibility of a transferable, scenario-independent situation recognition system (SRS) by the definition and evaluation based on non-functional requirements.

Methods
Based on a high-level concept for a transferable SRS, a proof of concept implementation was demonstrated using scenarios. The architecture was evaluated with a focus on non-functional requirements of compatibility, maintainability, and portability. Moreover, transferability aspects beyond the requirements, such as the effort to cover new scenarios, were discussed in a subsequent argumentative evaluation.

Results
The evaluation demonstrated the development of an SRS that can be applied to various scenarios. Furthermore, the investigation of the transferability to other settings highlighted the system’s characteristics regarding configurability, interchangeability, and expandability. The components can be optimized step by step to realize a versatile and efficient situation recognition that can be easily adapted to different scenarios.

Conclusion
The prototype provides a framework for scenario-independent situation recognition, suggesting greater applicability and transferability to different surgical settings. For the transfer into clinical routine, the system’s modules need to be evolved, further transferability challenges be addressed, and comprehensive scenarios be integrated.
Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and Emerging Intralesional Immunotherapies for Metastatic Melanoma: A Review
Authors: Kalsi Simran , Galenkamp Amanda L. , Singh Rohit , Khosla Atulya Aman , McGranaghan Peter , Cintolo-Gonzalez Jessica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
As the incidence of cutaneous melanoma continues to rise worldwide, its heterogeneous presentation proves challenging for managing and preventing relapse.

Recent findings
While surgery remains a mainstay in staging and treatment of locoregional metastatic melanoma, intralesional therapies have emerged as a new tool to treat unresectable in-transit and nodal metastases and reduce the risk of relapse through immunomodulatory mechanisms.

Summary
In this review, we will provide an overview of intralesional therapies for melanoma with a particular focus on talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and its future uses. We then discuss the landscape of current and emerging intralesional therapies.
Evaluation of Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Chitosan Hydrolysate Produced by Microwave-Assisted Cellulase Hydrolysis
Authors: Ewais Alaa , Ghany A. Abdel , Sitohy Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work estimated the biochemical nature of the enzymatic chitosan hydrolysate (CH) as oligomeric chitooligosaccharide products resulting from microwave-aided cellulase hydrolysis of chitosan from shrimp and crab as well as their biological effects and potential preservative application. The microwave irradiation was conducted at 125 W for 15 min simultaneously during the cellulase degradation of shrimp and crab chitosan, previously prepared by a 30-min microwave-aided deacetylation (86.7% and 82.7% degree of deacetylation), producing shrimp chitosan hydrolysate (SCH) and crab chitosan hydrolysate (CCH), respectively. The products SCH and CCH were tested for their solubility in distilled water, viscosity, molecular weight (Mw), FTIR, mass spectra, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. The obtained SCH and CCH were incorporated into two food systems (yogurt and orange juice) at proportions of 0.08–0.12 g/100 mL as potential preservatives. The average Mw of SCH and CCH was 14.79 and 13.18 kDa, respectively, coupled in each case with 1–6° of polymerization (DP), strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities, and the capacity to dissolve in water in all proportions, becoming more soluble as weight decreased. The chemical, microbiological, and sensory changes in orange juice and yogurt were investigated at 0, 15, and 30 days of cold storage after being enriched with these ingredients. Over the 30-day storage period, the orange juice and yogurt showed enhanced physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics based on the content of chitosan hydrolysate. The study provided potentially a new and safe preservation technology for food systems.
Fundamental Study for Slip Resistance Improvement of High-Strength Bolted Joints Subjected to Shear and Tension
Authors: Sugimoto Yuma , Kato Soshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to refine the slip resistance formulas for high-strength bolted joints subjected to combined shear and tension forces. Traditional formulas typically assume that the prying force generated at the contact surface does not contribute to the slip resistance. To explore the influences of the prying force on slip resistance, a trial design was conducted based on the Specifications for Highway Bridges and Recommendation for Design of High Strength Tensile Bolted Connections for Steel Bridges, with variations in parameters such as bolt diameter, bolt pitch, joint flange thickness, and joint flange material. Additionally, numerical analyses were performed to validate the design methodology incorporating prying force. The trial design results demonstrated that the slip capacity improved when the prying force was considered, especially in cases where the external force direction ranged between 27.6 and 90 degrees. The maximum observed improvement in slip capacity was a factor of 1.2. Moreover, the slip resistance of joints with thinner flanges was enhanced when prying force effects were accounted for. This increase in slip capacity due to prying force was further corroborated through fine element method (FEM) simulations. Finally, the findings suggest the potential for enhancing joint compactness and slip resistance.
Bio-lubricant production from black liquor as a sustainable biorefinery strategy
Authors: Demirkaya E. , Cantero D. , Tenorio-Alfonso A. , Cortés-Triviño E. , Franco J. M. , Cocero M. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe paper and pulp industry annually generates approximately 170 million tons of black liquor, yet research directly targeting its utilization remains scarce. Addressing this gap, our study tackles the challenge of revalorizing black liquor through innovative techniques. Concurrently, the lubricant industry’s pursuit of eco-friendly alternatives necessitates effective thickeners for semi-solid lubricant formulations derived from vegetable oils. Our research focuses on revalorizing weak black liquor via supercritical water hydrolysis, presenting a novel avenue for semi-solid bio-lubricant production. We obtained and treated four lignin waste fractions, including original black liquor and depolymerized variants through supercritical water hydrolysis, followed by additional processes such as spray-drying, oven-drying, and ethyl acetate extraction. These lignin fractions were then incorporated into epoxy-modified vegetable oils to formulate sustainable lubricants. Evaluation of these formulations revealed promising rheological and tribological properties. The resulting castor oil-based bio-lubricants not only exhibited excellent stability and appearance but also demonstrated notable performance improvements in rheological and tribological tests, noticing a maximum wear scar size reduction of around 50%, while maintaining friction factor values. Our findings highlight the potential of depolymerization hydrolysis in enhancing the lubricating properties of castor oil-based formulations, thus advancing the revalorization of weak black liquor.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of a variable electrode force on the LME crack formation during resistance spot welding of 3G AHSS
Authors: Ullrich M. , Jüttner S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the pursuit of lightweight vehicles, third-generation advanced high-strength steels (3G AHSS) with increased mechanical properties are desired to be used for critical components. However, the exposure of these zinc-coated AHSS to the manufacturing conditions during resistance spot welding can trigger liquid metal embrittlement (LME), possibly compromising the mechanical properties. As the reproducibility of LME cracks in resistance spot welding is a challenge, the effect on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the welds is not yet fully clarified and therefore a distinction between critical and non-critical cracks is not implemented in current standards. To achieve this, it is necessary to provoke LME cracks of a given size, for example by increasing the welding current, reducing the electrode force and hold time, or using manufacturing discontinuities. Due to its significant effect on the heat input and the tensile stresses during the resistance spot welding process, which impacts the LME crack propagation, the focus of this paper is on the electrode force. An expulsion-free decreasing force profile, which consists of a force run-in, force decrease, and force run-out time, has been derived in a two-stage Face-Centered-Central-Composite design of experiment for an electrogalvanized third-generation advanced high-strength steel (3G AHSS) DP1200 HD. The crack location, length, depth, and nugget geometries were investigated for each weld. With the decreasing force profile, it was possible to generate type A, B, and C cracks by parameter adaption, with type B and C cracks being the most dominant. The type C crack formation was investigated by aborting the welding process in defined time steps and the LME cracking mechanism was confirmed by welding dezincified samples. Based on the investigations carried out, the force profile was found suitable for generating different LME crack sizes to further investigate the mechanical joint properties as it was able to reproducibly generate defined cracks without expulsion and excessive electrode indentation while maintaining a minimum nugget diameter.
Dual-Donor-Induced Crystallinity Modulation Enables 19.23% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liang Anhai , Sun Yuqing , Chung Sein , Shin Jiyeong , Sun Kangbo , Zhu Chaofeng , Zhao Jingjing , Zhao Zhenmin , Zhong Yufei , Zhang Guangye , Cho Kilwon , Kan Zhipeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTrap-assisted charge recombination is one of the primary limitations of restricting the performance of organic solar cells. However, effectively reducing the presence of traps in the photoactive layer remains challenging. Herein, wide bandgap polymer donor PTzBI-dF is demonstrated as an effective modulator for enhancing the crystallinity of the bulk heterojunction active layers composed of D18 derivatives blended with Y6, leading to dense and ordered molecular packings, and thus, improves photoluminescence quenching properties. As a result, the photovoltaic devices exhibit reduced trap-assisted charge recombination losses, achieving an optimized power conversion efficiency of over 19%. Besides the efficiency enhancement, the devices comprised of PTzBI-dF as a third component simultaneously attain decreased current leakage, improved charge carrier mobilities, and suppressed bimolecular charge recombination, leading to reduced energy losses. The advanced crystalline structures induced by PTzBI-dF and its characteristics, such as well-aligned energy level, and complementary absorption spectra, are ascribed to the promising performance improvements. Our findings suggest that donor phase engineering is a feasible approach to tuning the molecular packings in the active layer, providing guidelines for designing effective morphology modulators for high-performance organic solar cells.
Advances in the Development of Gradient Scaffolds Made of Nano-Micromaterials for Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Fang Lei , Lin Xiaoqi , Xu Ruian , Liu Lu , Zhang Yu , Tian Feng , Li Jiao Jiao , Xue Jiajia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intricate hierarchical structure of musculoskeletal tissues, including bone and interface tissues, necessitates the use of complex scaffold designs and material structures to serve as tissue-engineered substitutes. This has led to growing interest in the development of gradient bone scaffolds with hierarchical structures mimicking the extracellular matrix of native tissues to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes. Building on the anatomical characteristics of bone and interfacial tissues, this review provides a summary of current strategies used to design and fabricate biomimetic gradient scaffolds for repairing musculoskeletal tissues, specifically focusing on methods used to construct compositional and structural gradients within the scaffolds. The latest applications of gradient scaffolds for the regeneration of bone, osteochondral, and tendon-to-bone interfaces are presented. Furthermore, the current progress of testing gradient scaffolds in physiologically relevant animal models of skeletal repair is discussed, as well as the challenges and prospects of moving these scaffolds into clinical application for treating musculoskeletal injuries.
On the Effect of Chemical Heterogeneity on the Shape Memory Performance of Fe–Ni–Co–Al–Ti Single Crystals
Authors: Remich V. , Lauhoff C. , Kriegel M. J. , Motylenko M. , Niendorf T. , Krooß P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present work focuses on the formation of the γ′-phase and its impact on the functional properties of a Fe-28Ni–17Co–11.5Al–2,5Ti (at.-%) shape memory alloy (SMA) under cyclic loading conditions at different testing temperatures. The effect of aging treatments conducted in a wide range of aging temperatures and times was investigated. While specific heat treatments, namely 600 °C for 4 h, result in excellent superelastic properties with a fully reversible material response in single cycle experiments, interestingly, functional degradation is found to be more pronounced under cyclic loading compared to other derivatives of the Fe–Ni–Co–Al-based SMA systems. In addition to mechanical testing, a detailed microstructural analysis was conducted using transmission electron microscopy. The results of the present study clearly reveal that chemical inhomogeneities have to be carefully considered for the characterization of the functional performance of these iron-based SMAs. Chemical heterogeneities are not only identified as the underlying microstructural mechanism for the pronounced cyclic degradation behavior, but are also supposed to have a significant influence on the precipitation kinetics of the γ′-phase.
A new PVA-κCA double-network hydrogel comprising conductive polyaniline nanofibers for strain sensing applications
Authors: Al-Goraee Ashraf M. , Alshorman Ahmad , Bozeya Ayat , Alshami Ali S. , Khnouf Ruba Elias , Al-Shami Abdulrahman M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWearable and flexible materials are replacing the conventional solid-state sensors in diffident biomedical applications. Hydrogel-based sensing elements offer several appealing inherent properties such as tissue resembling elasticity, accessibility for modification and robust mechanical performance. Their widely available and affordable raw components in-addition to straightforward synthesis and modification approach make hydrogels appealing material for flexible and wearable sensors in biomedical applications. This work demonstrates the development of new and sensitive material for strain sensing using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and κ-carrageenan (κCA) hydrogel comprising conductive polyaniline nanofibers (PANI NFs). The double-network hydrogel was produced via chemical crosslinking of PVA with Glutaraldehyde (GA) and physical crosslinking of κCA with potassium ions in a binary solvent system of deionized water and glycerol. The PANI NFs were then embedded in the hydrogel via the interfacial polymerization (IP) method of polyaniline nanofibers to significantly enhance the material properties and strain sensitivity of the pristine hydrogel. The obtained hydrogel has been involved in rigorous material characterization and sensing capability evaluation. The produced hydrogel demonstrated a high-water content (86.6%), high swelling percentage in acidic solutions, mechanical compressibility up to 60% at 400 kPa, high electrical conductivity of 2.11 S/m, and thermal stability ranging from − 26.9 to 120 oC. The hydrogel resulted in a linear response in its sensing performance of the applied stress (R2 = 0.99). Also, the developed composite demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.5 mV/kPa in stress range from zero up to 170 kPa with response and recovery times of ~ 300 ms and 500 ms, respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of piperazine nitrate monochloride semi-organic single crystal for NLO applications
Authors: Sudhakar G. , Babu D. Rajan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA semiorganic single crystal of piperazine nitrate chloride (PNC) was grown utilising the gradual evaporation solution technique at ambient temperature. The crystal lattice properties and molecular structure of the formed crystal of PNC were identified via X-ray diffraction examination of a single crystal and are consistent with the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/n. Using Hirshfeld surface analysis, intra and intermolecular interactions were displayed. The FTIR spectrum analysis presented here examines the vibratory patterns of several functional sections found within the PNC crystal. The crystal exhibits a low absorbance throughout the entire visible spectrum according to studies of UV–vis-NIR absorbance and calculated band gap as well as optical constants. TG/DTA analysis was used to identify the stability and breakdown properties. This refractive index was computed using the prism coupling method. At different temperatures studies of the dielectric properties were conducted and the Vickers hardness technique was employed to investigate the mechanical properties. The grown crystal's laser-damaged threshold value was found. The Z-scan method investigates a PNC crystal’s third-order NLO behaviours. This method makes it possible to calculate the material's linear and nonlinear refractive indices. The PNC crystal exhibits strong third-order nonlinear optical properties, crucial for applications in optical switching and NLO devices.
Development of textile based supercapacitors using activated carbon from renewable banana peels and conductive polymer composites
Authors: Tadesse Melkie Getnet , Simon Nicolai , Lübben Jörn Felix 
Published: November 2024

AbstractActivated carbon was synthesized from banana peel using a two-step chemical activation process and blended with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) to improve the electrochemical performance of screen-printed electrodes fabricated on cotton fabrics. The use of carbonized banana peel (CBP) with PEDOT-PSS to develop reliable and sustainable supercapacitors was investigated. The work includes the design of a CBP: PEDOT-PSS axisymmetric electrode energy storage device with 0.1 M K2SO4 electrolyte. The results showed that the screen-printed cotton fabric delivered an electrical conductivity of 4.1 ± 1.3 S/cm and a specific capacitance, and energy density of 52.1 F g−1 and 7.233 WhKg−1 at 5 mV/s scanning rate, respectively with a three-electrode system. The material showed a remarkable rate performance in an axisymmetric three-electrode cell configuration with an operating potential window of 0–0.5 V. In addition, the fabricated material demonstrated uniform deposition of PEDOT-PSS and CBP on the cotton fabric which was confirmed by both AFM and SEM image analysis. FTIR confirmed the structural properties of the composite. There is more consistency between the ideal supercapacitor modelled with COMSOL Multiphysics and the actual experimental results. The model curves aid in better design and performance and durability monitoring by offering a more thorough and precise characterization of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the supercapacitors. Consequently, the CBP: PEDOT-PSS composite presents a promising option for supercapacitor uses.
Metrics for Evaluating and Improving Transparency in Software Engineering: An Empirical Study and Improvement Model
Authors: Ofem Paulinus , Isong Bassey , Lugayizi Francis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransparency remains an emerging non-functional requirement that stakeholders in the software engineering process (SEP) must consider. Existing studies provide evidence of the usefulness of transparency and offer hindsight on how transparency may be evaluated in different contexts. Considering communication, software maintainability, and stakeholders’ productivity, SEP has not thoroughly explored the benefits of transparency. Currently, there is no appropriate measurement of transparency in SEP, and the consequence of this is that theoretically and empirically, the factors that characterise transparency and their interrelationships are unknown. This study empirically validates measures and metrics for evaluating and improving software-development-life-cycle-product transparency. It investigates the correlations between transparency factors and their corresponding metrics. Following the Goal Question Metric paradigm, it proposes a transparency evaluation and improvement model based on the transparency factors, measures, and metrics. The usefulness of the metrics was demonstrated via a controlled experiment to investigate the impact of transparency on the maintainability of software requirements specifications (SRS) and its support for good communication and stakeholders’ productivity. Results suggest that object-oriented SRS are easier to maintain and offer better communication and more productivity. The practical implication of our findings is that adopting use case modelling in developing SRS benefits from transparency implicitly. Secondly, a transparency evaluation team can use the improvement model to evaluate SRS transparency explicitly and and improve SRS based on the evaluation outcome. Our proposals can be applied early in the requirements engineering and design phases of SEP. The model can be used to diagnose and deal with maintainability and communication problems with SRSs and design documents.