bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video‐augmented fluoroscopy for distal interlocking of intramedullary nails decreased radiation exposure and surgical time in a bovine cadaveric setting
Authors: Weidert Simon , Wang Lejing , Landes Juergen , Sandner Philipp , Suero Eduardo M. , Navab Nassir , Kammerlander Christian , Euler Ekkehard , von Der Heide Anna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the feasibility of a video‐augmented fluoroscopy (VAF) technique using a camera‐augmented mobile C‐arm (CamC) for distal interlocking of intramedullary nails.MethodsThree surgeons performed distal interlocking on seven pairs of cadaveric bovine carpal bones using the VAF system and conventional fluoroscopy. We compared radiation exposure, procedure time, and drilling quality between the VAF system and conventional fluoroscopic guidance.ResultsDistal interlocking using VAF significantly reduced the number of fluoroscopic images compared with conventional fluoroscopy (P < 0.05). No significant difference in overall procedure time (P = 0.96) or drilling quality (P = 0.12) was detected. VAF demonstrated improvement in radiation exposure when used by a less experienced surgeon (P < 0.05).ConclusionVAF is a feasible technique for distal interlocking. Overlaid visualization of the osseous anatomy in relation to the surgical field of view appears to improve surgeons' perception of relevant structures and their spatial orientation for the use of surgical instruments.
Experiments in unmanned aerial vehicle/unmanned ground vehicle radiation search
Authors: Peterson John , Li Weilin , Cesar‐Tondreau Brian , Bird John , Kochersberger Kevin , Czaja Wojciech , McLean Morgan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the results of a field experiment conducted at Savannah River National Laboratory to test the performance of several algorithms for the localization of radioactive materials. In this multirobot system, both an unmanned aerial vehicle, a custom hexacopter, and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), the ClearPath Jackal, equipped withγ‐ray spectrometers, were used to collect data from two radioactive source configurations. Both the Fourier scattering transform and the Laplacian eigenmap algorithms for source detection were tested on the collected data sets. These algorithms transform raw spectral measurements into alternate spaces to allow clustering to detect trends within the data which indicate the presence of radioactive sources. This study also presents a point source model and accompanying information‐theoretic active exploration algorithm. Field testing validated the ability of this model to fuse aerial and ground collected radiation measurements, and the exploration algorithm’s ability to select informative actions to reduce model uncertainty, allowing the UGV to locate radioactive material online.
Magnesium Incorporated White Sandstone as a Green and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles
Authors: Fakhree Ameneh Abolghassemi , Ghasemi Zarrin , Shahrisa Aziz , Mostafavi Hossein 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA simple, convenient and four‐component method for synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles has been developed by using of magnesium containing nano silica catalyst. This strategy demonstrates the coupling reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, aniline derivatives and nitromethane, over the one pot procedure. The polysubstituted 4‐(imidazole‐1‐yl) aniline derivatives were also used as amine precursor at above reaction and the obtained products were evaluated on their emission properties. The modified natural source white sandstone which was appeared as an efficient, recyclable and green catalyst at the desired reaction, was fully characterized by different methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Low‐Functional Nitrated and Aminated Octa(Phenyl) Silsesquioxane
Authors: Wu Yi‐wei , Liu Lei‐chun , Yang Rong‐jie , Zhang Wen‐chao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNitrated octa(phenyl)silsesquioxane (NO2‐OPS) with different functional groups was prepared from octa(phenyl)silsesquioxane. The number of nitro functional groups was controlled by adjusting the nitration‐reaction conditions. The chemical structure of the NO2‐OPS was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis and gel‐permeation chromatography. The functionalities of the NO2‐OPS can be controlled between two and eight. The laws of the reaction conditions that affect the functionality were determined by studying the nitration mechanism. Low‐functional aminated octa(phenyl)silsesquioxane (NH2‐OPS) was synthesized by an active hydrogen‐transfer reduction reaction and the chemical structure of the functionalities was maintained. The chemical structure of the NH2‐OPS was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography, and the thermal stability of the products with different functionalities was examined. The low‐functionality NH2‐OPS has a concentrated molecular‐weight distribution and an excellent thermal stability, which provide good potential for its application in polymers.
NixMnyCozO Nanowire/CNT Composite Microspheres with 3D Interconnected Conductive Network Structure via Spray‐Drying Method: A High‐Capacity and Long‐Cycle‐Life Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qing , Zhu Guozhen , Zhao Yunhao , Pei Ke , Che Renchao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe combination of high‐capacity and long‐term cycling stability is an important factor for practical application of anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Herein, NixMnyCozO nanowire (x + y + z = 1)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite microspheres with a 3D interconnected conductive network structure (3DICN‐NCS) are prepared via a spray‐drying method. The 3D interconnected conductive network structure can facilitate the penetration of electrolyte into the microspheres and provide excellent connectivity for rapid Li+ ion/electron transfer in the microspheres, thus greatly reducing the concentration polarization in the electrode. Additionally, the empty spaces among the nanowires in the network accommodate microsphere volume expansion associated with Li+ intercalation during the cycling process, which improves the cycling stability of the electrode. The CNTs distribute uniformly in the microspheres, which act as conductive frameworks to greatly improve the electrical conductivity of the microspheres. As expected, the prepared 3DICN‐NCS demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance, showing a high capacity of 1277 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 2000 cycles and 790 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates a universal method to construct a 3D interconnected conductive network structure for anode materials
Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapy Ameliorates Ionizing Irradiation Fibrosis via Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Mediated Transforming Growth Factor-β Downregulation and Recruitment of Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: Ejaz Asim , Epperly Michael W. , Hou Wen , Greenberger Joel S. , Rubin J. Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Radiation therapy to anatomic regions, including the head and neck, chest wall, and extremities, can produce radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) involved in RIF, female C57BL/6J mice were irradiated to the right flank to 35 Gy in single fraction using 6 Mv electrons. Radiation fibrosis was detected by day 14, was increased by day 28, and confirmed by Masson's trichrome histological staining for collagen. Biopsied tissue at day 14 showed an increase in expression of fibrosis-related genes including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and collagens 1–6. A single adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) injection on day 28 at the irradiated site decreased by day 40: epithelial thickness, collagen deposition, and significantly improved limb excursion compared with irradiated controls. Noncontact transwell coculture of ASCs above a monolayer of irradiated human foreskin fibroblasts downregulated fibrosis-related genes TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor, interleukin-1, NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor, and collagens 1–6. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by ASCs was identified as a novel mechanism by which ASCs exert antifibrotic effects by downregulating fibrotic gene expression in irradiated cells and recruiting bone marrow cells to the irradiated site. In conclusion, these data indicate a mechanistic role of HGF secreted by ASCs in reducing RIF. Stem Cells 2019;37:791–802
The use of the Community Earth System Model in human dimensions climate research and applications
Authors: Laidlaw Emily K. , O'Neill Brian C. , Harp Ryan D. 
Published: March 2019

Earth system models (ESMs) are the primary tool used to understand and project changes to the climate system. ESM projections underpin analyses of human dimensions of the climate issue, yet little is known about how ESMs are used in human dimensions research. Such foundational information is necessary for future critical assessments of ESMs. We review applications of a leading ESM, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM), to human dimensions topics since 2004. We find that this research has grown substantially over this period, twice as fast as CESM research overall. Although many studies have primarily addressed long‐term impacts on physical systems with societal relevance, applications to managed, societal, and ecological systems have grown quickly and now make up more than half of CESM human dimensions work. CESM applications focused nearly equally on global and regional analyses, most often using multimodel ensembles, although the use of single simulations remains prevalent. Downscaling and bias correction of output was infrequent and most common for regional studies. U.S.‐based, university‐affiliated authors primarily drove human dimensions work using CESM, with only 12% of authors based at NCAR. Our findings identify important questions that warrant further investigation, such as reasons for the infrequent use of downscaling and bias correction techniques; motivations to continue to use older model versions after newer model versions have been released; and model development needs for improved human dimensions applications. Additionally, our synthesis provides a baseline and framework that enables continued tracking of CESM and other ESMs.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Aβ and tau structure‐based biomarkers for a blood‐ and CSF‐based two‐step recruitment strategy to identify patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nabers Andreas , Hafermann Henning , Wiltfang Jens , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis requires invasive CSF analysis or expensive brain imaging. Therefore, a minimal‐invasive reliable and cost‐effective blood test is requested to power large clinical AD trials at reduced screening failure.MethodsWe applied an immuno‐infrared sensor to measure the amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau secondary structure distribution in plasma and CSF as structure‐based biomarkers for AD (61 disease controls, 39 AD cases).ResultsWithin a first diagnostic screening step, the structure‐based Aβ blood biomarker supports AD identification with a sensitivity of 90%. In a second diagnostic validation step, the combined use of the structure‐based CSF biomarkers Aβ and tau excluded false‐positive cases which offers an overall specificity of 97%.DiscussionThe primary Aβ‐based blood biomarker funnels individuals with suspected AD for subsequent validation of the diagnosis by structure‐based combined analysis of the CSF biomarkers Aβ and tau. Our novel two‐step recruitment strategy substantiates the diagnosis of AD with a likelihood of 29.
Differences in cognitive performance and cognitive decline across European regions: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Formanek Tomas , Kagstrom Anna , Winkler Petr , Cermakova Pavla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:A large variation in cognitive performance exists between European regions. However, it is unclear how older Europeans differ in the rate of cognitive decline.Methods:We analysed data from 22 181 individuals (54% women; median age 71) who participated in the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Cognition was measured using tests on verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall. We used linear regression and linear mixed effects regression to examine regional differences in the level of cognitive performance and the rate of cognitive decline.Results:Scandinavians had the highest baseline cognitive scores (mean standardized overall cognitive score 0.3), followed by Western Europeans (mean 0.2), Central and Eastern Europeans (mean 0.1) and individuals from Mediterranean countries (mean -0.4). These differences persisted even after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The annual cognitive decline in Scandinavia (0.59%) was approximately two times greater than in Western Europe (0.28%), Central and Eastern Europe (0.25%) and Mediterranean countries (0.23%).Discussion:There are substantial differences in cognitive performance as well as rates of cognitive decline among the elderly throughout European regions. This might be explained by differing levels of cognitive reserve.
On nonlinear strain theory for a viscoelastic material model and its implications for calving of ice shelves
Authors: CHRISTMANN JULIA , MÜLLER RALF , HUMBERT ANGELIKA 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn the current ice-sheet models calving of ice shelves is based on phenomenological approaches. To obtain physics-based calving criteria, a viscoelastic Maxwell model is required accounting for short-term elastic and long-term viscous deformation. On timescales of months to years between calving events, as well as on long timescales with several subsequent iceberg break-offs, deformations are no longer small and linearized strain measures cannot be used. We present a finite deformation framework of viscoelasticity and extend this model by a nonlinear Glen-type viscosity. A finite element implementation is used to compute stress and strain states in the vicinity of the ice-shelf calving front. Stress and strain maxima of small (linearized strain measure) and finite strain formulations differ by ~ 5% after 1 and by ~ 30% after 10 years, respectively. A finite deformation formulation reaches a critical stress or strain faster, thus calving rates will be higher, despite the fact that the exact critical values are not known. Nonlinear viscosity of Glen-type leads to higher stress values. The Maxwell material model formulation for finite deformations presented here can also be applied to other glaciological problems, for example, tidal forcing at grounding lines or closure of englacial and subglacial melt channels.
ON A METRIC GENERALIZATION OF THE tt-DEGREES AND EFFECTIVE DIMENSION THEORY
Authors: KIHARA TAKAYUKI 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, we study an analogue of tt-reducibility for points in computable metric spaces. We characterize the notion of the metric tt-degree in the context of first-level Borel isomorphism. Then, we study this concept from the perspectives of effective topological dimension theory and of effective fractal dimension theory.
The Transition to the Knowledge Economy, Labor Market Institutions, and Income Inequality in Advanced Democracies
Authors: Hope David , Martelli Angelo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe transition from Fordism to the knowledge economy in the world’s advanced democracies was underpinned by the revolution in information and communications technology (ict). The introduction and rapid diffusion ofictpushed up wages for college-educated workers with complementary skills and allowed top managers and CEOs to reap greater rewards for their own talents. Despite these common pressures, income inequality did not rise to the same extent everywhere; income in the Anglo-Saxon countries remains particularly unequally distributed. To shed new light on this puzzle, the authors carry out a panel data analysis of eighteenoecdcountries between 1970 and 2007. Their analysis stands apart from the existing empirical literature by taking a comparative perspective. The article examines the extent to which the relationship between the knowledge economy and income inequality is influenced by national labor market institutions. The authors find that the expansion of knowledge employment is positively associated with both the 90/10 wage ratio and the income share of the top 1 percent, but that these effects are mitigated by the presence of strong labor market institutions, such as coordinated wage bargaining, strict employment protection legislation, high union density, and high collective bargaining coverage. The authors provide robust evidence against the argument that industrial relations systems are no longer important safeguards of wage solidarity in the knowledge economy.
How do Latino Immigrants Perceive the Current Sociopolitical Context? Identifying Opportunities to Improve Immigrant Health in the United States
Authors: LEE JANE J. , ZHOU YUANJIN 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMigration is an important social determinant of health for immigrants in the United States. Increased attention on Latino immigrants in recent years has sparked interest in policies that affect this population. While prior research has assessed the potential health impact of specific immigration policies, there is limited understanding of how the overall sociopolitical context shapes the health of Latino immigrants. This study examines the potential mechanisms that link the sociopolitical context and health among Latino immigrants. Specifically, we explore how perceptions of the sociopolitical context are implicated in this relationship. Qualitative interviews with community gatekeepers (n=13) and Latino immigrants (n=34) in New York City revealed general perceptions about the overall sociopolitical context, which were characterized by discrimination towards immigrants, unpredictable and mercurial circumstances, and confusion and lack of information. These perceptions influenced participants’ psycho-emotional health and health-related behaviors. Findings suggest the importance of integrating immigrants’ perceptions of the sociopolitical context into health promotion efforts. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the need for paradigm shifts in developing policy-related actions to integrate immigrants’ perspectives. We propose an integrated, multi-level framework to guide future research and practice regarding social determinants of immigrant health.
Modernizing China's Tertiary Education Sector: Enhanced Autonomy or Governance in the Shadow of Hierarchy?
Authors: Jian Hu , Mols Frank 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Chinese government has acknowledged that in order to turn Chinese universities into world class institutions, it will have to grant them a greater degree of autonomy. However, the reforms that have been introduced to achieve this goal run counter to a long tradition of central government oversight. The question now presenting itself is how much actual control government has devolved to universities. The qualitative evidence presented in this paper, obtained through interviews with university presidents and Party secretaries, not only confirms that, as one might expect, Chinese universities continue to operate “in the shadow of hierarchy,” but also and more importantly that formal efforts to devolve authority are being rendered ineffective by informal pressures and control mechanisms. Discussion reflects on the state of play in Chinese public administration studies, and urges public policy researchers examining devolution in China to account for both formal reforms and everyday “lived experiences.”
5 Clinical Evaluation of the Abuse Potential of Buprenorphine/Samidorphan Combination
Authors: Cutler Andrew J. , Mathew Sanjay J. , DeBakey Michael E. , Setnik Beatrice , Nangia Narinder , Stanford Arielle D. , Pathak Sanjeev 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionBuprenorphine (BUP)/samidorphan (SAM) combination is an opioid system modulator being investigated as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). BUP/SAM is a fixed-dose combination of BUP, a partial µ-opioid receptor agonist and κ-opioid receptor antagonist, and SAM, a µ-opioid receptor antagonist added to address the abuse and dependence potential of BUP.1,2Study ObjectiveWe assessed the effects of SAM on the abuse potential of BUP in the BUP/SAM combination in two ways: (1) a human abuse potential (HAP) study in volunteers; and (2) an evaluation of the clinical experience across studies of patients with MDD.MethodsStudy 212 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02413281) was a HAP study in nondependent, recreational, adult opioid users. Following a qualification period, participants were randomized to 6 treatments in a blinded, crossover design: placebo (PBO), BUP/SAM at the target therapeutic dose (BUP/SAM 2mg/2mg), at 8mg/8mg and 16mg/16mg , and BUP alone (8mg and 16mg). The primary endpoint was maximum effect (Emax) for “At The Moment” Drug Liking Visual Analog Scale (VAS).The clinical program for BUP/SAM included 4 PBO-controlled studies of patients with MDD (n=961). Pooled safety data were evaluated for adverse events (AEs) that may be associated with abuse, dependence, or withdrawal, as well as for objective signs of withdrawal with the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS).ResultsIn Study 212 (n=38), Emax Drug Liking VAS scores for the BUP/SAM 2mg/2mg dose were similar to those for PBO (median within-subject difference [90% CI]: 2.5 [0.0–9.0]). Emax Drug Liking VAS scores for all BUP/SAM dose groups, including supratherapeutic doses, were significantly lower than those observed for either of the BUP doses. The supratherapeutic doses of BUP/SAM (8mg/8mg and 16mg/16mg) had higher Emax Drug Liking VAS scores than PBO, but the differences were small.In the MDD controlled studies, the incidence of euphoria-related AEs was low for BUP/SAM 2mg/2mg and PBO (1.6% vs 0.2%, respectively) and there was no evidence of abuse or dependence behavior. Euphoria-related events typically occurred with treatment initiation and resolved with continued treatment. There was minimal evidence of withdrawal by reported AEs or COWS assessment.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that SAM mitigates the abuse potential of BUP in the BUP/SAM combination.Funding Acknowledgements: Alkermes, Inc.