bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Assessment of Relating Resazurin–Resorufin Experiments to Reach‐Scale Metabolism in Lowland Streams
Authors: Knapp Julia L. A. , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe reactive tracer resazurin is frequently used to investigate metabolic processes and hyporheic exchange in streams, because its transformation to resorufin is considered a function of oxygen turnover in the presence of living cells and thus of ecosystem respiration. This has been investigated and confirmed in a number of laboratory and batch studies but so far not unanimously been verified in the field. In this study we conducted 13 tracer tests with resazurin in different small, low‐gradient streams typical of lowland regions. We determined tracer processing rates and ratios based on metrics commonly used to assess reactive‐tracer tests with resazurin and compared them to flow characteristics and respiration rates determined from diel‐oxygen recordings following a two‐station approach. We found no statistical relationship between tracer processing and parameters of transport, indicating that resazurin‐to‐resorufin transformation cannot be explained by hydrological parameters alone. The statistical relationship between resazurin processing and respiration rates based on diel‐oxygen profiles was strongest if resazurin‐to‐resorufin transformation ratios were used, and uptake lengths were also found to be a good proxy. However, the relationships were not linear, and weak for individual streams, contrary to what was expected based on previous laboratory and batch studies. We attribute this finding to a lack of process understanding of resazurin reactions under field conditions, and generally insignificant hyporheic exchange fluxes in lowland streams. Our findings highlight important limitations of the tracer technique under field conditions.
In vivo theranostics with near-infrared-emitting carbon dots—highly efficient photothermal therapy based on passive targeting after intravenous administration
Authors: Bao Xin , Yuan Ye , Chen Jingqin , Zhang Bohan , Li Di , Zhou Ding , Jing Pengtao , Xu Guiying , Wang Yingli , Holá Kateřina , Shen Dezhen , Wu Changfeng , Song Liang , Liu Chengbo , Zbořil Radek , Qu Songnan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon dots that exhibit near-infrared fluorescence (NIR CDs) are considered emerging nanomaterials for advanced biomedical applications with low toxicity and superior photostability and targeting compared to currently used photoluminescence agents. Despite progress in the synthesis of NIR CDs, there remains a key obstacle to using them as an in vivo theranostic agent. This work demonstrates that the newly developed sulfur and nitrogen codoped NIR CDs are highly efficient in photothermal therapy (PTT) in mouse models (conversion efficiency of 59%) and can be readily visualized by photoluminescence and photoacoustic imaging. The real theranostic potential of NIR CDs is enhanced by their unique biodistribution and targeting. Contrary to all other nanomaterials that have been tested in biomedicine, they are excreted through the body’s renal filtration system. Moreover, after intravenous injection, NIR CDs are accumulated in tumor tissue via passive targeting, without any active species such as antibodies. Due to their accumulation in tumor tissue without the need for intratumor injection, high photothermal conversion, excellent optical and photoacoustic imaging performance, and renal excretion, the developed CDs are suitable for transfer to clinical biomedical practice.
Independent control of harmonic amplitudes and phases via a time-domain digital coding metasurface
Authors: Dai Jun Yan , Zhao Jie , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHarmonic manipulations are important for applications such as wireless communications, radar detection and biological monitoring. A general approach to tailor the harmonics involves the use of additional amplifiers and phase shifters for the precise control of harmonic amplitudes and phases after the mixing process; however, this approach leads to issues of high cost and system integration. Metasurfaces composed of a periodic array of subwavelength resonators provide additional degrees of freedom to realize customized responses to incident light and highlight the possibility for nonlinear control by taking advantage of time-domain properties. Here, we designed and experimentally characterized a reflective time-domain digital coding metasurface, with independent control of the harmonic amplitude and phase. As the reflection coefficient is dynamically modulated in a predefined way, a large conversion rate is observed from the carrier signal to the harmonic components, with magnitudes and phases that can be accurately and separately engineered. In addition, by encoding the reflection phases of the meta-atoms, beam scanning for multiple harmonics can be implemented via different digital coding sequences, thus removing the need for intricate phase-shift networks. This work paves the way for efficient harmonic control for applications in communications, radar, and related areas.
High-fidelity multimode fibre-based endoscopy for deep brain in vivo imaging
Authors: Turtaev Sergey , Leite Ivo T. , Altwegg-Boussac Tristan , Pakan Janelle M. P. , Rochefort Nathalie L. , Čižmár Tomáš 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProgress in neuroscience relies on new techniques for investigating the complex dynamics of neuronal networks. An ongoing challenge is to achieve minimally invasive and high-resolution observations of neuronal activity in vivo inside deep brain areas. Recently introduced methods for holographic control of light propagation in complex media enable the use of a hair-thin multimode optical fibre as an ultranarrow imaging tool. Compared to endoscopes based on graded-index lenses or fibre bundles, this new approach offers a footprint reduction exceeding an order of magnitude, combined with a significant enhancement in resolution. We designed a compact and high-speed system for fluorescent imaging at the tip of a fibre, achieving a resolution of 1.18 ± 0.04 µm across a 50-µm field of view, yielding 7-kilopixel images at a rate of 3.5 frames/s. Furthermore, we demonstrate in vivo observations of cell bodies and processes of inhibitory neurons within deep layers of the visual cortex and hippocampus of anaesthetised mice. This study paves the way for modern microscopy to be applied deep inside tissues of living animal models while exerting a minimal impact on their structural and functional properties.
A novel therapeutic anticancer property of raw garlic extract via injection but not ingestion
Authors: Li Zhiming , Le Wenjun , Cui Zheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrior studies suggest a possibility that the anticancer property of garlic is more effective only when exposed directly to cancer cells than absorbed first by the normal epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract wall. We tested this possibility in two mouse models of highly aggressive malignancies that cannot yet be cured by conventional therapies: sarcoma 180- and EL4-induced lethal ascites. Daily oral gavages of raw garlic extract (RGE; equivalent to 100 mg wet weight) for 21 days failed to offer any meaningful effect in the mice with malignancies. However, the daily injection of the same amounts of the same materials for 21 days completely cured all the mice of cancer. This novel anticancer activity of RGE was present entirely in the size fraction of the molecules smaller than 3000 Dalton rather than the larger molecules and was completely partitioned into the organic phase rather than into the aqueous phase. One half of the anticancer activity was inactivated by heating at 100 °C for 10 min, suggesting that multiple components were concertedly involved. In a direct comparison, the RGE was significantly more effective in killing the cultured cancer cells in vitro than the extracts from other 21 raw vegetables and fruits. In cell culture, RGE killed a wide variety of different cancer cells regardless of species of origin and cell types. Cancer cells generally are well known to be defective in many common metabolic pathways present in their normal cell counterpart for processing normal nutrients. The metabolism of these otherwise normal nutrients could be stalled in the cancer cells and become cytotoxic. The most-effective way of treating cancer by RGE may be the direct injection instead of eating the cooked garlic.
PTEN expression by an oncolytic herpesvirus directs T-cell mediated tumor clearance
Authors: Russell Luke , Swanner Jessica , Jaime-Ramirez Alena Cristina , Wang Yufeng , Sprague Alex , Banasavadi-Siddegowda Yeshavanth , Yoo Ji Young , Sizemore Gina M. , Kladney Raleigh , Zhang Jianying , Lehman Norman L. , Ostrowski Michael C , Hong Bangxing , Caligiuri Michael , Yu Jianhua , Kaur Balveen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEngineered oncolytic viruses are used clinically to destroy cancer cells and have the ability to boost anticancer immunity. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 loss is common across a broad range of malignancies, and is implicated in immune escape. The N-terminally extended isoform, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 alpha (PTENα), regulates cellular functions including protein kinase B signaling and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production. Here we constructed HSV-P10, a replicating, PTENα expressing oncolytic herpesvirus, and demonstrate that it inhibits PI3K/AKT signaling, increases cellular adenosine triphosphate secretion, and reduces programmed death-ligand 1 expression in infected tumor cells, thus priming an adaptive immune response and overcoming tumor immune escape. A single dose of HSV-P10 resulted in long term survivors in mice bearing intracranial tumors, priming anticancer T-cell immunity leading to tumor rejection. This implicates HSV-P10 as an oncolytic and immune stimulating therapeutic for anticancer therapy.
Double dative bond between divalent carbon(0) and uranium
Authors: Su Wei , Pan Sudip , Sun Xiong , Wang Shuao , Zhao Lili , Frenking Gernot , Zhu Congqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDative bonds between p- and d-block atoms are common but species containing a double dative bond, which donate two-electron pairs to the same acceptor, are far less common. The synthesis of complexes between UCl4 and carbodiphosphoranes (CDP), which formally possess double dative bonds Cl4U⇇CDP, is reported in this paper. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that the uranium−carbon distances are in the range of bond lengths for uranium−carbon double bonds. A bonding analysis suggests that the molecules are uranium−carbone complexes featuring divalent carbon(0) ligands rather than uranium−carbene species. The complexes represent rare examples with a double dative bond in f-block chemistry. Our study not only introduces the concept of double dative bonds between carbones and f-block elements but also opens an avenue for the construction of other complexes with double dative bonds, thus providing new opportunities for the applications of f-block compounds.
Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe
Authors: Lamnidis Thiseas C. , Majander Kerttu , Jeong Choongwon , Salmela Elina , Wessman Anna , Moiseyev Vyacheslav , Khartanovich Valery , Balanovsky Oleg , Ongyerth Matthias , Weihmann Antje , Sajantila Antti , Kelso Janet , Pääbo Svante , Onkamo Päivi , Haak Wolfgang , Krause Johannes , Schiffels Stephan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEuropean population history has been shaped by migrations of people, and their subsequent admixture. Recently, ancient DNA has brought new insights into European migration events linked to the advent of agriculture, and possibly to the spread of Indo-European languages. However, little is known about the ancient population history of north-eastern Europe, in particular about populations speaking Uralic languages, such as Finns and Saami. Here we analyse ancient genomic data from 11 individuals from Finland and north-western Russia. We show that the genetic makeup of northern Europe was shaped by migrations from Siberia that began at least 3500 years ago. This Siberian ancestry was subsequently admixed into many modern populations in the region, particularly into populations speaking Uralic languages today. Additionally, we show that ancestors of modern Saami inhabited a larger territory during the Iron Age, which adds to the historical and linguistic information about the population history of Finland.
Accurate and efficient data acquisition methods for high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission microscopy
Authors: Iwasawa Hideaki , Takita Hitoshi , Goto Kazuki , Mansuer Wumiti , Miyashita Takeo , Schwier Eike F. , Ino Akihiro , Shimada Kenya , Aiura Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAngle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a powerful experimental technique in materials science, as it can directly probe electronic states inside solids in energy (E) and momentum (k) space. As an advanced technique, spatially-resolved ARPES using a well-focused light source (high-resolution ARPES microscopy) has recently attracted growing interests because of its capability to obtain local electronic information at micro- or nano-metric length scales. However, there exist several technical challenges to guarantee high precision in determining translational and rotational positions in reasonable measurement time. Here we present two methods of obtaining k-space mapping and real-space imaging in high-resolution ARPES microscopy. One method is for k-space mapping measurements that enables us to keep a target position on a sample surface during sample rotation by compensating rotation-induced displacements (tracing acquisition method). Another method is for real-space imaging measurements that significantly reduces total acquisition time (scanning acquisition method). We provide several examples of these methods that clearly indicate higher accuracy in k-space mapping as well as higher efficiency in real-space imaging, and thus improved throughput of high-resolution APRES microscopy.
Analytic estimation of transition between instantaneous eigenstates of quantum two-level system
Authors: Suzuki Takayuki , Nakazato Hiromichi , Grimaudo Roberto , Messina Antonino 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransition amplitudes between instantaneous eigenstates of a quantum two-level system are evaluated analytically on the basis of a new parametrization of its evolution operator, which has recently been proposed to construct exact solutions. In particular, the condition under which the transitions are suppressed is examined analytically. It is shown that the analytic expression of the transition amplitude enables us, not only to confirm the adiabatic theorem, but also to derive the necessary and sufficient condition for quantum two-level system to remain in one of the instantaneous eigenstates.
Antrodia cinnamomea induces autophagic cell death via the CHOP/TRB3/Akt/mTOR pathway in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tsai Dai-Hua , Chung Cheng-Han , Lee Kung-Ta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAntrodia cinnamomea, a well-known traditional medicine used in Taiwan, is a potent anticancer drug for colorectal cancer, but the upstream molecular mechanism of its anticancer effects remains unclear. In this study,A. cinnamomeaextracts showed cytotoxicity in HCT116, HT29, SW480, Caco-2 and, Colo205 colorectal cancer cells. Whole-genome expression profiling ofA. cinnamomeaextracts in HCT116 cells was performed.A. cinnamomeaextracts upregulated the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker CHOP and its downstream gene TRB3. Moreover, dephosphorylation of Akt and mTOR as well as autophagic cell death were observed. Gene expression and autophagic cell death were reversed by the knockdown of CHOP and TRB3. Autophagy inhibition but not apoptosis inhibition reversedA. cinnamomea-induced cell death. Finally, we demonstrated thatA. cinnamomeaextracts significantly suppressed HCT116 tumour growth in nude mice. Our findings suggest that autophagic cell death via the CHOP/TRB3/Akt/mTOR pathway may represent a new mechanism of anti-colorectal cancer action byA. cinnamomea.A. cinnamomeais a new CHOP activator and potential drug that can be used in colorectal cancer treatment.
Krüppel-like factor 8 regulates VEGFA expression and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Sanuo , Zhang Xingping , Xu Yali , Dai Xiaobo , Li Jiachu , Zhang Tao , Chen Xiaopin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTumor angiogenesis plays a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression, but its mechanism is unclear. Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in HCC progression. Here, we investigated the role of KLF8 in angiogenesis in HCC and its possible mechanism. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, promoter reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and nude mouse tumor models were used to show that the mRNA and protein expression levels of KLF8 and VEGFA are highly correlated in HCC tissue samples. The up-regulation of KLF8 increased VEGFA protein levels and induced VEGFA promoter activity by binding to the CACCC region of the VEGFA promoter. In addition, KLF8 regulated HIF-1α and Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 inhibited KLF8-induced VEGFA expression, whereas PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins, such as P-PDK1(Ser241) and P-AKT(Thr308), were decreased significantly. KLF8-overexpressing HCC cells had a higher potential for inducing angiogenesis. Thus, our results indicate that KLF8 may induce angiogenesis in HCC by binding to the CACCC region of the VEGFA promoter to induce VEGFA promoter activity and through FAK to activate PI3K/AKT signaling to regulate HIF-1α expression levels.
Enabling the electrocatalytic fixation of N2 to NH3 by C-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under ambient conditions
Authors: Jia Kun , Wang Yuan , Pan Qi , Zhong Benhe , Luo Yonglan , Cui Guanwei , Guo Xiaodong , Sun Xuping 
Published: November 2018

C-TiO2 is efficient for electrochemical N2 fixation to NH3 in 0.1 M Na2SO4, achieving a faradaic efficiency of 1.84% with an NH3 yield of 16.22 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at a potential of −0.7 V vs RHE.
Triple‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter based on cross‐shaped substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Chen Chang , Ji Qin 
Published: November 2018

A novel dual‐band bandpass filter based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) which is realised with mode distribution of the special cross‐shaped structure is presented in this Letter. In the cross‐shaped SIW, there are six symmetrically stimulated resonant modes in the first eight higher order resonant modes that are perturbed to achieve dual‐band responses, and each passband contains triple‐mode. By introducing 45° rotated cross via‐holes at the centre position of the structure, the two lower symmetrical resonant modes are closer to the unaffected asymmetrical higher resonant mode in both passbands. Compared with existing multimode multi‐band filters which are achieved by coupling or cascading mechanism, the presented filter design based on single cross‐shaped SIW is simple and easy for implementation. A prototype dual‐band filter operating at 8.23 and 11.48 GHz with 3 dB fractional bandwidths of 7.1 and 12.1% is designed and fabricated. Measured and simulated results are presented to validate the predicted performances of the proposed filter.
Electroless silver plating of 3D printed waveguide components by peristaltic pump driven system
Authors: Bal A. , Carey D.G. , Espinal F.A. , Huff G.H. 
Published: November 2018

V‐band waveguide components operating in 57–64 GHz ISM band is presented. Consumer‐grade stereolithographic 3D printer is used to print these waveguide components with black‐pigmented acrylate‐based polymer. Electroless deposition of silver on these microwave components is achieved using an in‐house system assembled with off‐the‐shelf components. This system is driven by a peristaltic pump, circling plating solution between silver bath and waveguide. Metal plated WR‐15, 2‐inch waveguide section offers average insertion coefficient of −0.35 dB. Trough waveguide section connected to rectangular waveguide through rectangular to trough waveguide transition is metal plated and offers average insertion coefficient of −1 dB. Silver deposited using the pump operated system offers potential of achieving comparable results as conventional dip coating technique.
Compact SIW cavity slot antenna with enhanced bandwidth and quasi‐elliptic filtering response
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong , Wong Sai‐Wai 
Published: November 2018

A compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity slot antenna with enhanced bandwidth and quasi‐elliptic filtering response is proposed. Served as radiating elements, two slots are etched on the top plane of a square SIW cavity. Quality factors of two original modes are greatly reduced and a new resonant mode is introduced by etching an additional slot on the bottom plane. By merging these three modes within a single passband, the bandwidth can be enhanced. In addition, a radiation null is generated in the lower and upper stopband, respectively. Therefore, a quasi‐elliptic filtering response is achieved with three resonant modes in the passband and two radiation nulls in the stopband. A fabricated prototype with the size of 0.48λ0 × 0.48λ0 × 0.02λ0 has been measured. The measured 10 dB bandwidth is 11.5% (3.28–3.68 GHz). The measured efficiency is about 77% in the passband but it sharply drops to 5.6% at 3.26 GHz and 10.5% at 3.76 GHz.
From solar to stellar flare characteristics
Authors: Herbst Konstantin , Papaioannou Athanasios , Banjac Saša , Heber Bernd 
Published: November 2018

Context. The connection between solar energetic proton events and X-ray flares has been the focus of many studies over the past 13 yr. In the course of these investigations several peak size distribution functions based on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) measurements of both quantities have been developed. In more recent studies one of these functions has been used to estimate the stellar proton fluence around the M-dwarf star AD Leonis. However, a comparison of the existing peak size distribution functions reveals strong discrepancies with respect to each other.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to derive a new peak size distribution function that can be utilized to give a more realistic estimate of the stellar proton flux of G-, K-, and M-dwarf stars.
Methods. By updating and extending the GOES-based peak size distribution down to B-class X-ray flare intensities with the help of SphinX data from the solar minimum conditions of 2009 and newly derived GOES data between 1975 and 2005, we developed a new power-law peak size distribution function for solar proton fluxes (E >  10 MeV). However, its resulting slope differs from values reported in the literature. Therefore, we also developed a double-power-law peak size distribution function. An extension to much higher X-ray flare intensities (10−1) W m−2 and above, for the first time, results in an approximation of best- and worst-case scenarios of the stellar proton flux around G-, K-, and M-dwarf stars.
Results. Investigating the impact of the newly developed peak size distribution function for G-, K-, and M-dwarf star flare intensities we show that in the worst-case scenario previous studies may underestimate the stellar proton flux by roughly one to five orders of magnitude.