bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peranan Kaedah-Kaedah Fundamental Kebahasaan Dalam Penetapan Produk Halal
Authors: Warto Warto , Rofiq Ahmad , Mashudi Mashudi 
Published: September 2019

Dalam proses penetapan hukum, seorang mujtahid membutuhkan perangkat istinbath, yaitu berupa kaedah-kaedah ushul fiqh sebagai pijakan metodologis. Kaedah-kaedah ini dirancang oleh para ulama ushul fiqh agar dalam menentukan hukum seorang mujtahid memiliki acuan baku sesuai dengan maqashid syariah. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriftif kaedah istinbath hukum ini yang akan dikaji dalam paper ini. Fokus pembahasan dalam studi ini kaedah fundamental kebahasaan. Pemilihan pokok bahasan ini didasarkan pada kebutuhan istinbath hukum, bahwa kaedah-kaedah ini memiliki peranan sangat penting dalam melahirkan produk hukum, agar hukum yang dihasilkan benar-benar aplikatif dan relevan. Kata Kunci: al-Qawaid, al-Ushuliyah, al-Lughawiyah, al-Istinbath
Abstract bivariant Cuntz semigroups II
Authors: Antoine Ramon , Perera Francesc , Thiel Hannes 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We previously showed that abstract Cuntz semigroups form a closed symmetric monoidal category.
This automatically provides additional structure in the category, such as a composition and an external tensor product, for which we give concrete constructions in order to be used in applications.
We further analyze the structure of not necessarily commutative

Cu

{\mathrm{Cu}}

-semirings, and we obtain, under mild conditions, a new characterization of solid

Cu

{\mathrm{Cu}}

-semirings R by the condition that

R
≅

〚
R
,
R
〛

{R\cong\llbracket R,R\rrbracket}

.
Recommendations to Optimize Health in Youth Runners
Authors: Tenforde Adam S. , Roberts William O. , Krabak Brian J. , Davis Irene S. , Fredericson Michael , Luke Anthony C. , Ackerman Kathryn E. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Youth running is defined as participation below age 18. Jumping/multidirectional loading sports (soccer, basketball) may optimize bone health. Psychological development requires monitoring to reduce risk of injuries and burnout. Adequate energy availability is essential for health; screening for disordered eating and optimizing nutrition is important. Injuries during growth spurts are best addressed by identifying the physical maturity of the runner and conventional treatment. Appropriate start of competition and competition distance should be individualized rather than using age-based recommendations and requires careful monitoring. Promoting foot strength and reducing landing impacts may lower injury risk.
Reward Boosts Neural Coding of Task Rules to Optimize Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Hall-McMaster Sam , Muhle-Karbe Paul S. , Myers Nicholas E. , Stokes Mark G. 
Published: September 2019

Cognitive flexibility is critical for intelligent behavior. However, its execution is effortful and often suboptimal. Recent work indicates that flexible behavior can be improved by the prospect of reward, which suggests that rewards optimize flexible control processes. Here we investigated how different reward prospects influence neural encoding of task rule information to optimize cognitive flexibility. We applied representational similarity analysis to human electroencephalograms, recorded while female and male participants performed a rule-guided decision-making task. During the task, the prospect of reward varied from trial to trial. Participants made faster, more accurate judgements on high-reward trials. Critically, high reward boosted neural coding of the active task rule, and the extent of this increase was associated with improvements in task performance. Additionally, the effect of high reward on task rule coding was most pronounced on switch trials, where rules were updated relative to the previous trial. These results suggest that reward prospect can promote cognitive performance by strengthening neural coding of task rule information, helping to improve cognitive flexibility during complex behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe importance of motivation is evident in the ubiquity with which reward prospect guides adaptive behavior and the striking number of neurological conditions associated with motivational impairments. In this study, we investigated how dynamic changes in motivation, as manipulated through reward, shape neural coding for task rules during a flexible decision-making task. The results of this work suggest that motivation to obtain reward modulates the encoding of task rules needed for flexible behavior. The extent to which reward increased task rule coding also tracked improvements in behavioral performance under high-reward conditions. These findings help to inform how motivation shapes neural processing in the healthy human brain.
A Target-Detecting Visual Neuron in the Dragonfly Locks on to Selectively Attended Targets
Authors: Lancer Benjamin H. , Evans Bernard J.E. , Fabian Joseph M. , O'Carroll David C. , Wiederman Steven D. 
Published: September 2019

The visual world projects a complex and rapidly changing image onto the retina of many animal species. This presents computational challenges for those animals reliant on visual processing to provide an accurate representation of the world. One such challenge is parsing a visual scene for the most salient targets, such as the selection of prey amid a swarm. The ability to selectively prioritize processing of some stimuli over others is known as 'selective attention'. We recently identified a dragonfly visual neuron called 'Centrifugal Small Target Motion Detector 1′ (CSTMD1) that exhibits selective attention when presented with multiple, equally salient targets. Here we conductedin vivo, electrophysiological recordings from CSTMD1 in wild-caught male dragonflies (Hemicordulia tau), while presenting visual stimuli on an LCD monitor. To identify the target selected in any given trial, we uniquely modulated the intensity of the moving targets (frequency tagging). We found that the frequency information of the selected target is preserved in the neuronal response, while the distracter is completely ignored. We also show that the competitive system that underlies selection in this neuron can be biased by the presentation of a preceding target on the same trajectory, even when it is of lower contrast than an abrupt, novel distracter. With this improved method for identifying and biasing target selection in CSTMD1, the dragonfly provides an ideal animal model system to probe the neuronal mechanisms underlying selective attention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe present the first application of frequency tagging to intracellular neuronal recordings, demonstrating that the frequency component of a stimulus is encoded in the spiking response of anindividualneuron. Using this technique as an identifier, we demonstrate that CSTMD1 'locks on' to a selected target and encodes the absolute strength of this target, even in the presence of abruptly appearing, high-contrast distracters. The underlying mechanism also permits the selection mechanism to switch between targets mid-trial, even among equivalent targets. Together, these results demonstrate greater complexity in this selective attention system than would be expected in a winner-takes-all network. These results are in contrast to typical findings in the primate and avian brain, but display intriguing resemblance to observations in human psychophysics.
PiRNA-DQ541777 Contributes to Neuropathic Pain via Targeting Cdk5rap1
Authors: Zhang Chenjing , Sha Huanhuan , Peng Yunan , Wang Yin , Liu Cunming , Zhou Xuelong 
Published: September 2019

Piwi-Interacting RNA (piRNA) is the largest class of small noncoding RNA and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. However, whether it has a role in pain modulation remains unknown. In the present study, we found that spinal piRNA-DQ541777 (piR-DQ541777) was significantly increased in the male mouse model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain. Knockdown of spinal piR-DQ541777 alleviated CCI-induced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia and spinal neuronal sensitization. However, the overexpression of spinal piR-DQ541777 in naive mice produced pain behaviors and increased spinal neuron sensitization. Furthermore, we found that piR-DQ541777 regulates pain behaviors by targeting CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 1 (Cdk5rap1). CCI increased the methylation level of CpG islands in thecdk5rap1promoter and consequently reduced the expression of Cdk5rap1, which was reversed by the knockdown of piR-DQ541777 and mimicked by the overexpression of piR-DQ541777 in naive mice. Finally, piR-DQ541777 increased the methylation level of CpG islands by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3a) tocdk5rap1promoter. In conclusion, this study represents a novel role of piR-DQ541777 in the regulation of neuropathic pain through the methylation ofcdk5rap1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic pain affects ∼20% of the population of the world and is a major global public health problem. Although we have studied the neurobiological mechanism of neuropathic pain for decades, there is still no ideal drug available to treat it. This work indicates that a novel role of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) DQ541777 in the regulation of neuropathic pain through the methylation ofcdk5rap1. Our findings provide the first evidence of the regulatory effect of piRNAs on neuropathic pain, which may improve our understanding of pain mechanisms and lead to the discovery of novel drug targets for the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain.
SERPINA1 and HSD17B13 Gene Variants in Patients with Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis
Authors: Basyte-Bacevice Viktorija , Skieceviciene Jurgita , Valantiene Irena , Sumskiene Jolanta , Petrenkiene Vitalija , Kondrackiene Jurate , Petrauskas Dalius , Lammert Frank , Kupcinskas Juozas 
Published: September 2019

Background & Aims: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SERPINA1 (Pi*Z rs28929474 and Pi*Srs17580) are risk factors for developing liver cirrhosis. A recent study identified a common SNP in HSD17B13(rs72613567) that conferred protection from chronic liver disease. The aim of the present study was to testthese associations in a cohort of Lithuanian patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Methods: The study included 302 patients with cirrhosis, 127 patients with liver fibrosis (METAVIR stagesI-III) and 548 controls, all from Lithuania. SNPs were genotyped by quantitative PCR, using TaqMan allelicdiscrimination assays. Adjusted p value of ≤ 0.016 was considered significant.
Results: Genotype distributions of SERPINA1 and HSD17B13 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.SERPINA1 Pi*Z was not associated with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. HSD17B13 rs10433937 (in high linkagedisequilibrium with rs72613567; r 2 =0.96) also showed no overall association with liver disease, but the GG-genotype was associated with reduced risk of liver fibrosis (aOR 0.37, p=0.03). SERPINA1 Pi*S was associatedwith higher risk of developing hepatic fibrosis (aOR 3.42, p=0.001) and cirrhosis (aOR 2.59, p=0.02).
Conclusions: We found that SERPINA1 Pi*S variant conferred an increased risk of developing liver fibrosis,while SERPINA1 Pi*Z and HSD17B13 rs10433937 were not associated with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis ofdifferent aetiology.
Routine Liver Elastography Could Predict Actuarial Survival after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Pfeiffenberger Jan , Hornuss Daniel , Houben Philip , Wehling Cyrill , Von Haken Rebecca , Loszanowski Vladimir , Mieth Markus , Mehrabi Arianeb , Weiss Karl-Heinz , Friedrich Kilian 
Published: September 2019

Background & Aims: Transient elastography (TE) has routinely been implemented in the diagnosis and assessment of chronic liver disease. Little data are available in the post liver transplant (LTx) setting.
Methods: Three months after LTx, we performed TE in 137 liver transplant recipients and investigated its predictive value upon further clinical outcome. The mean follow-up time for clinical outcome was 24 months.
Results: Mean TE value was 10.6 kPa (± 6.3 kPa; range 2.8 – 29.9 kPa). There was a significant correlation between TE and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.004), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p=0.031) and bilirubin (p<0.001) serum levels. In Cox univariate analysis, TE served as a predictor of actuarial survival free of liver transplantation (OR=1.111, 95%CI: 1.051–1.174; p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, TE remained an independent risk factor associated with reduced actuarial survival free of liver transplantation (OR=1.080, 95%CI: 1.001–1.166; p=0.047), along with thrombocytes (OR=0.992, 95%CI: 0.986–0.999; p=0.020) and metabolic co-disease (OR = 0.250, 95%CI: 0.070–0.895; p=0.033).
Conclusion: Transient elastography measurement at three months after LTx seems a robust predictor of survival in liver transplant recipients.
Functional Emesis
Authors: Popa Stefan Lucian , Chiarioni Giuseppe , David Liliana , Golea George Ionut , Dumitrascu Dan Lucian 
Published: September 2019

Background: Emesis is an essential survival response, because consumption of food is a key element in the survival behavior and the act of feeding can expose the majority of internal organs to toxins, altered food, viruses, bacteria or fungi. The relationship between visceral or vestibular stimuli and the anatomical structures of the brain-gut axis explain the modulation of the gastrointestinal response. We aimed to review comprehensively the current knowledge on emesis occurring in the disorders of brain-gut interaction (DBGI), i.e. functional conditions presenting with emesis.
Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and WILEY databases were screened for relevant publications from the last 20 years regarding brain-gut disorders manifesting emesis. We included in the search also idiopathic gastroparesis, as a condition paralleling the postprandial distress syndrome.
Results: We critically analyzed 2 articles about chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome, 9 articles about cyclic vomiting syndrome, 9 articles about cannabinoid hyperemesis, 10 articles about idiopathic gastroparesis and 6 articles about gastroparesis like-syndrome. Contradictory results regarding the implication of environmental factors in the development of emesis in DBGI demonstrate that the underlying pathogenesis is still not completely understood.
Color Coded Perfusion Imaging with Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for Post-Interventional Success Control Following Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) of Primary and Secondary Malignant Liver Lesions
Authors: Rennert Janine , Wiesinger Isabel , Schicho Andreas , Wiggermann Philipp , Stroszczynski Christian , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Jung Ernst Michael 
Published: September 2019

Aim: Evaluation of the post-interventional success following irreversible electroporation (IRE) using a new color coded perfusion quantification software with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with malignant lesions of the liver.
Methods: Thirty-eight patients with 68 malignant liver lesions underwent IRE. All malignant lesions were investigated with CEUS before and within 24 hours following IRE to detect residual tumor tissue. The parameters analyzed by color coded perfusion quantification software were: the peak enhancement (pE), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (mTT), rise (Ri) and wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC). Perfusion in the center, the margins of the lesions and in the surrounding liver were evaluated using these parameters.
Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with complete ablation showed significantly different changes between the center and the margin of the lesions for WiAUC (p<0.05) and pE (p<0.01). Also significant differences were noted between the center of the lesions and the surrounded tissue for the same parameters (p<0.01). In the completely ablated metastatic lesions, significant differences were found between the center of the lesion and the margins (p < 0.01) and between the center of the lesion and the surrounding liver (p < 0.05) for WiAUC. mTT, TTP and Ri showed no significant changes between the center of the lesions, margin of the lesions or surrounding tissue. Also, no significant differences were found for these parameters in the different regions of interest for HCC or the metastatic lesions with partial ablation success.
Conclusion: CEUS with perfusion imaging is a valuable supporting tool for the post-interventional evaluation of liver lesions following IRE. Focus should be placed on the peak enhancement (pE) and the wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC).
Racial Differences in Sepsis Recognition in the Emergency Department
Authors: Raman Jenny , Johnson Tiffani J. , Hayes Katie , Balamuth Fran 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:We assessed racial differences in sepsis recognition in a pediatric emergency department (ED) with an established electronic sepsis alert system.METHODS:Quality-improvement data from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017 was used in this retrospective cohort study. All ED visits were included for non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients. The sepsis pathway was activated through the alert, 2 stages and a huddle, or outside of the alert using clinician judgment alone. We evaluated racial differences in the frequency of alerts and sepsis pathway activation within and outside of the alert. Multivariable regression adjusted for high-risk condition, sex, age, and insurance.RESULTS:There were 97 338 ED visits: 56 863 (58.4%) and 23 008 (23.6%) from NHBs and NHWs, respectively. NHWs were more likely than NHBs to have a positive second alert (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–2.8). NHWs were more likely than NHBs to have the sepsis pathway activated (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.02–2.1). Of those treated within the alert, there was no difference in pathway activation (aOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.62–1.4). Of those recognized by clinicians when the alert did not fire, NHWs were more likely than NHBs to be treated (aOR 3.4; 95% CI 1.8–6.4).CONCLUSIONS:NHWs were more likely than NHBs to be treated for sepsis, although this difference was specifically identified in the subset of patients treated for sepsis outside of the alert. This suggests that an electronic alert reduces racial differences compared with clinician judgment alone.
Development and Evaluation of a Portable Spectrophotometer
Authors: Cândico J. P. , Macedo A. P.P. , Galembeck Eduardo 
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: Colorimetric methods, such as proteins and glucose quantification, and enzymatic assays are widely performed in biochemical laboratories employing spectrophotometer equipment. Even being present in most of the labs that serve undergraduate students, low cost and portable spectrophotometers can be a valuable tool in high schools and for field studies. OBJECTIVES: We have assembled and evaluated a portable spectrophotometer, inspired in some open projects freely available on the Internet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The system was built using an RGB LED as a light source and a light detector (TSL2561). These components were placed into the ends of a cuvette holder, which was designed in FREECAD software and fabricated in a 3D printer. The data collection system was developed using an Arduino UNO microcontroller, an LCD to show the absorbance, a micro SD card to store the results, and a push button to select the LED emitted light wavelength. All components were powered by battery bank of 2000mAh. The software was written in C++, and we used Arduino IDE 1.8.6. For the equipment evaluation, we ran protein (Bradford) and glucose (Somogyi-Nelson) essays comparing the results obtained from the developed equipment with the one used in our didactic lab (Biospectro SP-22). DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: The results obtained comparing both pieces of equipment shows a correlation coefficient of 0.99 for the both methods (Bradford and Somogyi-Nelson) in test-retest. The commercial equipment demonstrated the coefficient of variation higher than 10%, while developed spectrophotometer showed values lower than 5%. The power bank was able to supply energy to the equipment up to 12 hours. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated high reliability for the data collected from the developed spectrophotometer. Besides the low cost, compact design and high battery autonomy. The developed equipment has presented as a valuable alternative for field experiments and in-class practices of biochemistry.
Critical archival research in Translation Studies: when a translation scholar becomes an archivist-researcher
Authors: Středová Kateřina 
Published: September 2019

In Translation Studies, we are increasingly seeing the use of archival materials that allow translation scholars to find out more about the working conditions of translators, their motivations and relationships with authors, editors or publishers, all of whom have always influenced their work to some extent. This paper builds on the knowledge of working with archival materials and other primary sources already described in Translation Studies, and is complemented by still-useful methods of source criticism and current topics that are addressed by historians dealing with archival research. Particular emphasis is placed on the critical approach of historians specializing in composition and rhetoric who are reassessing methods of archival research and ways of writing about it, and who are encouraging scholars to adopt the stance of archivist-researcher. The paper shows and further discusses the importance of their knowledge and possible application in Translation Studies.Enfoque crítico de la investigación archivística en estudios de traducción: Cuando un investigador de la traducción se convierte en archivista-investigadorResumenEn los estudios de traducción encontramos una tendencia creciente a la utilización de materiales de archivo, que permiten a los estudiosos obtener información valiosa acerca de cuestiones como las condiciones de trabajo de los traductores o las relaciones con otros agentes (autores, editores o correctores) que siempre han influido en cierta medida en su labor. En este artículo partimos de la bibliografía disponible acerca de los métodos de trabajo con materiales de archivo y otras fuentes primarias, ya suficientemente descritos en los estudios de traducción, y la complementamos con una serie de aproximaciones novedosas en los ámbitos de la metodología de la crítica de fuentes y de las nuevas perspectivas empleadas por los historiadores en el análisis de los materiales de archivo. Hacemos especial hincapié en el enfoque crítico de los historiadores respecto de la composición y retórica, que ha permitido una reconsideración de los métodos de investigación archivística y de sus formas de escritura, alentando a los investigadores a adoptar una posición de archivista-investigador. Discutimos y tratamos de remarcar la relevancia de estos planteamientos y de sus posibles aplicaciones en los estudios de traducción.Palabras clave: historia de la traducción, contexto socio-histórico, investigación de archivo, crítica de fuentes, materiales de archivo, fuentes primariasFecha de recepción: 30/04/2019Fecha de aceptación: 30/06/2019¿Cómo citar este artículo?Středová, K. (2019). Critical archival research in Translation Studies: when a translation scholar becomes an archivist-researcher. Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción, 12(2), 500-518. doi: 10.27533/udea.mut.v12n2a08