bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NSEE Yielding Electron Temperature Measurements at the Arecibo Observatory
Authors: Mahmoudian A. , Nossa E. , Isham B. , Bernhardt P. A. , Briczinski S. J. , Sulzer M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNarrowband stimulated electromagnetic emissions (NSEE), a component of radio emissions created during high‐frequency (HF) radiowave ionospheric modification experiments, occur within 1 kHz of the HF pump frequency. NSEE was observed and studied for the first time at the HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program) facility in Alaska (Norin et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.065003; Bernhardt et al., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.165004). Magnetized stimulated Brillouin scatter (MSBS) is a component of NSEE, which was also first observed at HAARP (Norin et al., 2009, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.065003; Bernhardt et al., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.165004) and later at European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (Fu et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-983-2015). Ion‐acoustic and electrostatic ion cyclotron modes are the daughter products of MSBS and can be used for the determination of the electron temperature and of the presence of minor ion species, respectively, in the HF‐modified ionosphere. Here we present the first observations of the MSBS process at magnetic midlatitudes, excited during radio wave ionospheric modification experiments at the Arecibo Observatory. The NSEE observations, in combination with a theoretical model and the wave matching conditions, are used to estimate background ionospheric parameters. A qualitative comparison of the MSBS component of the NSEE spectrum with the thermal ion line measured by incoherent scatter radar is presented.
Particulate Matter Fluxes in a Mediterranean Mountain Forest: Interspecific Differences Between Throughfall and Stemflow in Oak and Pine Stands
Authors: Cayuela Carles , Levia Delphis F. , Latron Jérôme , Llorens Pilar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn forested areas, canopies play an important role in the partitioning of rainfall. During this process there is also a redistribution of particulate matter (PM) that is deposited from the atmosphere on vegetative surfaces and transported to soil layers by throughfall and stemflow. We collected samples of rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow from two different forest plots (pine and oak) in a Mediterranean mountainous area and analyzed the amount and size distributions of PM (0.45 μm < PM < 500 μm). The exploration of backward trajectories revealed that PM content varied significantly. This depended on the origin of the air mass, with Atlantic fronts transporting less PM in the atmosphere than North African dust intrusions, which added disproportionate inputs of PM. Overall, throughfall provided the largest proportion of incoming PM under trees, but, at the base of each tree, stemflow led to a localized input of water that was more PM enriched than water through open precipitation or throughfall. Interspecific differences in PM fluxes were noted with pines retaining more PM in their crowns than oaks. Furthermore, the presence of leaves on oak increased the size and the amount of particulates released by throughfall. The PM in stemflow was smaller and rounder than in throughfall. This study adds to our understanding knowledge of the processes that control the deposition and distribution of PM delivered to forest soils, a fraction that is often ignored in studies of nutrient and energy fluxes in ecosystems.
Colour routing with single silver nanorods
Authors: Zhuo Xiaolu , Yip Hang Kuen , Cui Ximin , Wang Jianfang , Lin Hai-Qing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElongated plasmonic nanoparticles have been extensively explored over the past two decades. However, in comparison with the dipolar plasmon mode that has attracted the most interest, much less attention has been paid to multipolar plasmon modes because they are usually thought to be “dark modes”, which are unable to interact with far-field light efficiently. Herein, we report on an intriguing far-field scattering phenomenon, colour routing, based on longitudinal multipolar plasmon modes supported by high-aspect-ratio single Ag nanorods. Taking advantage of the distinct far-field behaviours of the odd and even multipolar plasmon modes, we demonstrate two types of colour routing, where the incident white light can be scattered into several beams with different colours as well as different propagation directions. Because of the narrow linewidths of the longitudinal multipolar plasmon modes, there is little spectral overlap between the adjacent peaks, giving rise to outstanding colour selectivity. Our experimental results and theoretical model provide a simple yet effective picture for understanding the far-field behaviour of the longitudinal multipolar plasmon modes and the resultant colour routing phenomenon. Moreover, the outstanding colour routing capability of the high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods enables nanoscale optical components with simple geometries for controlling the propagation of light below the diffraction limit of light.
Multi-platform discovery of haplotype-resolved structural variation in human genomes
Authors: Chaisson Mark J. P. , Sanders Ashley D. , Zhao Xuefang , Malhotra Ankit , Porubsky David , Rausch Tobias , Gardner Eugene J. , Rodriguez Oscar L. , Guo Li , Collins Ryan L. , Fan Xian , Wen Jia , Handsaker Robert E. , Fairley Susan , Kronenberg Zev N. , Kong Xiangmeng , Hormozdiari Fereydoun , Lee Dillon , Wenger Aaron M. , Hastie Alex R. , Antaki Danny , Anantharaman Thomas , Audano Peter A. , Brand Harrison , Cantsilieris Stuart , Cao Han , Cerveira Eliza , Chen Chong , Chen Xintong , Chin Chen-Shan , Chong Zechen , Chuang Nelson T. , Lambert Christine C. , Church Deanna M. , Clarke Laura , Farrell Andrew , Flores Joey , Galeev Timur , Gorkin David U. , Gujral Madhusudan , Guryev Victor , Heaton William Haynes , Korlach Jonas , Kumar Sushant , Kwon Jee Young , Lam Ernest T. , Lee Jong Eun , Lee Joyce , Lee Wan-Ping , Lee Sau Peng , Li Shantao , Marks Patrick , Viaud-Martinez Karine , Meiers Sascha , Munson Katherine M. , Navarro Fabio C. P. , Nelson Bradley J. , Nodzak Conor , Noor Amina , Kyriazopoulou-Panagiotopoulou Sofia , Pang Andy W. C. , Qiu Yunjiang , Rosanio Gabriel , Ryan Mallory , Stütz Adrian , Spierings Diana C. J. , Ward Alistair , Welch AnneMarie E. , Xiao Ming , Xu Wei , Zhang Chengsheng , Zhu Qihui , Zheng-Bradley Xiangqun , Lowy Ernesto , Yakneen Sergei , McCarroll Steven , Jun Goo , Ding Li , Koh Chong Lek , Ren Bing , Flicek Paul , Chen Ken , Gerstein Mark B. , Kwok Pui-Yan , Lansdorp Peter M. , Marth Gabor T. , Sebat Jonathan , Shi Xinghua , Bashir Ali , Ye Kai , Devine Scott E. , Talkowski Michael E. , Mills Ryan E. , Marschall Tobias , Korbel Jan O. , Eichler Evan E. , Lee Charles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe incomplete identification of structural variants (SVs) from whole-genome sequencing data limits studies of human genetic diversity and disease association. Here, we apply a suite of long-read, short-read, strand-specific sequencing technologies, optical mapping, and variant discovery algorithms to comprehensively analyze three trios to define the full spectrum of human genetic variation in a haplotype-resolved manner. We identify 818,054 indel variants (<50 bp) and 27,622 SVs (≥50 bp) per genome. We also discover 156 inversions per genome and 58 of the inversions intersect with the critical regions of recurrent microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. Taken together, our SV callsets represent a three to sevenfold increase in SV detection compared to most standard high-throughput sequencing studies, including those from the 1000 Genomes Project. The methods and the dataset presented serve as a gold standard for the scientific community allowing us to make recommendations for maximizing structural variation sensitivity for future genome sequencing studies.
Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia
Authors: Feldman Michal , Fernández-Domínguez Eva , Reynolds Luke , Baird Douglas , Pearson Jessica , Hershkovitz Israel , May Hila , Goring-Morris Nigel , Benz Marion , Gresky Julia , Bianco Raffaela A. , Fairbairn Andrew , Mustafaoğlu Gökhan , Stockhammer Philipp W. , Posth Cosimo , Haak Wolfgang , Jeong Choongwon , Krause Johannes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnatolia was home to some of the earliest farming communities. It has been long debated whether a migration of farming groups introduced agriculture to central Anatolia. Here, we report the first genome-wide data from a 15,000-year-old Anatolian hunter-gatherer and from seven Anatolian and Levantine early farmers. We find high genetic continuity (~80–90%) between the hunter-gatherers and early farmers of Anatolia and detect two distinct incoming ancestries: an early Iranian/Caucasus related one and a later one linked to the ancient Levant. Finally, we observe a genetic link between southern Europe and the Near East predating 15,000 years ago. Our results suggest a limited role of human migration in the emergence of agriculture in central Anatolia.
The rise in ocean plastics evidenced from a 60-year time series
Authors: Ostle Clare , Thompson Richard C. , Broughton Derek , Gregory Lance , Wootton Marianne , Johns David G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlastic production has increased exponentially since its use became widespread in the 1950s. This has led to increased concern as plastics have become prevalent in the oceanic environment, and evidence of their impacts on marine organisms and human health has been highlighted. Despite their prevalence, very few long-term (>40 years) records of the distribution and temporal trends of plastics in the world’s oceans exist. Here we present a new time series, from 1957 to 2016 and covering over 6.5 million nautical miles, based on records of when plastics have become entangled on a towed marine sampler. This consistent time series provides some of the earliest records of plastic entanglement, and is the first to confirm a significant increase in open ocean plastics in recent decades.
Ultra-high performance wearable thermoelectric coolers with less materials
Authors: Kishore Ravi Anant , Nozariasbmarz Amin , Poudel Bed , Sanghadasa Mohan , Priya Shashank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThermoelectric coolers are attracting significant attention for replacing age-old cooling and refrigeration devices. Localized cooling by wearable thermoelectric coolers will decrease the usage of traditional systems, thereby reducing global warming and providing savings on energy costs. Since human skin as well as ambient air is a poor conductor of heat, wearable thermoelectric coolers operate under huge thermally resistive environment. The external thermal resistances greatly influence thermoelectric material behavior, device design, and device performance, which presents a fundamental challenge in achieving high efficiency for on-body applications. Here, we examine the combined effect of heat source/sink thermal resistances and thermoelectric material properties on thermoelectric cooler performance. Efficient thermoelectric coolers demonstrated here can cool the human skin up to 8.2 °C below the ambient temperature (170% higher cooling than commercial modules). Cost-benefit analysis shows that cooling over material volume for our optimized thermoelectric cooler is 500% higher than that of the commercial modules.
Polygenic prediction via Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors
Authors: Ge Tian , Chen Chia-Yen , Ni Yang , Feng Yen-Chen Anne , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) have shown promise in predicting human complex traits and diseases. Here, we present PRS-CS, a polygenic prediction method that infers posterior effect sizes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using genome-wide association summary statistics and an external linkage disequilibrium (LD) reference panel. PRS-CS utilizes a high-dimensional Bayesian regression framework, and is distinct from previous work by placing a continuous shrinkage (CS) prior on SNP effect sizes, which is robust to varying genetic architectures, provides substantial computational advantages, and enables multivariate modeling of local LD patterns. Simulation studies using data from the UK Biobank show that PRS-CS outperforms existing methods across a wide range of genetic architectures, especially when the training sample size is large. We apply PRS-CS to predict six common complex diseases and six quantitative traits in the Partners HealthCare Biobank, and further demonstrate the improvement of PRS-CS in prediction accuracy over alternative methods.
Microbial and metabolic succession on common building materials under high humidity conditions
Authors: Lax Simon , Cardona Cesar , Zhao Dan , Winton Valerie J. , Goodney Gabriel , Gao Peng , Gottel Neil , Hartmann Erica M. , Henry Chris , Thomas Paul M. , Kelley Scott T. , Stephens Brent , Gilbert Jack A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite considerable efforts to characterize the microbial ecology of the built environment, the metabolic mechanisms underpinning microbial colonization and successional dynamics remain unclear, particularly at high moisture conditions. Here, we applied bacterial/viral particle counting, qPCR, amplicon sequencing of the genes encoding 16S and ITS rRNA, and metabolomics to longitudinally characterize the ecological dynamics of four common building materials maintained at high humidity. We varied the natural inoculum provided to each material and wet half of the samples to simulate a potable water leak. Wetted materials had higher growth rates and lower alpha diversity compared to non-wetted materials, and wetting described the majority of the variance in bacterial, fungal, and metabolite structure. Inoculation location was weakly associated with bacterial and fungal beta diversity. Material type influenced bacterial and viral particle abundance and bacterial and metabolic (but not fungal) diversity. Metabolites indicative of microbial activity were identified, and they too differed by material.
Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to high value-added dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Jin-Cheng , Cai Weizheng , Ma Jun , Yang Hong Bin , Xiao Hai , Li Jun , Xiong Yujie , Huang Yanqiang , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is highly profitable to transform glycerol – the main by-product from biodiesel production to high value-added chemicals. In this work, we develop a photoelectrochemical system based on nanoporous BiVO4 for selective oxidation of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone – one of the most valuable derivatives of glycerol. Under AM 1.5G front illumination (100 mW cm−2) in an acidic medium (pH = 2) without adscititious oxidant, the nanoporous BiVO4 photoanode achieves a glycerol oxidation photocurrent density of 3.7 mA cm−2 at a potential of 1.2 V versus RHE with 51% 1,3-dihydroxyacetone selectivity, equivalent to a production rate of 200 mmol of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone per m2 of illumination area in one hour.
Nodal rings and drumhead surface states in phononic crystals
Authors: Deng Weiyin , Lu Jiuyang , Li Feng , Huang Xueqin , Yan Mou , Ma Jiahong , Liu Zhengyou 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThree-dimensional topological nodal lines, the touching curves of two bands in momentum space, which give rise to drumhead surface states, provide an opportunity to explore a variety of exotic phenomena. However, solid evidence for a flat drumhead surface state remains elusive. In this paper, we report a realization of three-dimensional nodal line dispersions and drumhead surface states in phononic crystal. Profiting from its macroscopic nature, the phononic crystal permits a flexible and accurate fabrication for materials with ring-like nodal lines and drumhead surface states. Phononic nodal rings of the lowest two bands and, more importantly, topological drumhead surface states are unambiguously demonstrated. Our system provides an ideal platform to explore the intriguing properties of acoustic waves endowed with extraordinary dispersions.
Stem cell-associated heterogeneity in Glioblastoma results from intrinsic tumor plasticity shaped by the microenvironment
Authors: Dirkse Anne , Golebiewska Anna , Buder Thomas , Nazarov Petr V. , Muller Arnaud , Poovathingal Suresh , Brons Nicolaas H. C. , Leite Sonia , Sauvageot Nicolas , Sarkisjan Dzjemma , Seyfrid Mathieu , Fritah Sabrina , Stieber Daniel , Michelucci Alessandro , Hertel Frank , Herold-Mende Christel , Azuaje Francisco , Skupin Alexander , Bjerkvig Rolf , Deutsch Andreas , Voss-Böhme Anja , Niclou Simone P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe identity and unique capacity of cancer stem cells (CSC) to drive tumor growth and resistance have been challenged in brain tumors. Here we report that cells expressing CSC-associated cell membrane markers in Glioblastoma (GBM) do not represent a clonal entity defined by distinct functional properties and transcriptomic profiles, but rather a plastic state that most cancer cells can adopt. We show that phenotypic heterogeneity arises from non-hierarchical, reversible state transitions, instructed by the microenvironment and is predictable by mathematical modeling. Although functional stem cell properties were similar in vitro, accelerated reconstitution of heterogeneity provides a growth advantage in vivo, suggesting that tumorigenic potential is linked to intrinsic plasticity rather than CSC multipotency. The capacity of any given cancer cell to reconstitute tumor heterogeneity cautions against therapies targeting CSC-associated membrane epitopes. Instead inherent cancer cell plasticity emerges as a novel relevant target for treatment.
Sexual selection predicts the rate and direction of colour divergence in a large avian radiation
Authors: Cooney Christopher R. , Varley Zoë K. , Nouri Lara O. , Moody Christopher J. A. , Jardine Michael D. , Thomas Gavin H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSexual selection is proposed to be a powerful driver of phenotypic evolution in animal systems. At macroevolutionary scales, sexual selection can theoretically drive both the rate and direction of phenotypic evolution, but this hypothesis remains contentious. Here, we find that differences in the rate and direction of plumage colour evolution are predicted by a proxy for sexual selection intensity (plumage dichromatism) in a large radiation of suboscine passerine birds (Tyrannida). We show that rates of plumage evolution are correlated between the sexes, but that sexual selection has a strong positive effect on male, but not female, interspecific divergence rates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that rapid male plumage divergence is biased towards carotenoid-based (red/yellow) colours widely assumed to represent honest sexual signals. Our results highlight the central role of sexual selection in driving avian colour divergence, and reveal the existence of convergent evolutionary responses of animal signalling traits under sexual selection.
Application of pan-sharpening algorithm for correlative multimodal imaging using AFM-IR
Authors: Borodinov Nikolay , Bilkey Natasha , Foston Marcus , Ievlev Anton V. , Belianinov Alex , Jesse Stephen , Vasudevan Rama K. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe coupling of atomic force microscopy with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) offers the unique capability to characterize the local chemical and physical makeup of a broad variety of materials with nanoscale resolution. However, in order to fully utilize the measurement capability of AFM-IR, a three-dimensional dataset (2D map with a spectroscopic dimension) needs to be acquired, which is prohibitively time-consuming at the same spatial resolution of a regular AFM scan. In this paper, we provide a new approach to process spectral AFM-IR data based on a multicomponent pan-sharpening algorithm. This approach requires only a low spatial resolution spectral and a limited number of high spatial resolution single wavenumber chemical maps to generate a high spatial resolution hyperspectral image, greatly reducing data acquisition time. As a result, we are able to generate high-resolution maps of component distribution, produce chemical maps at any wavenumber available in the spectral range, and perform correlative analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the samples. We highlight our approach via imaging of plant cell walls as a model system and showcase the interplay between mechanical stiffness of the sample and its chemical composition. We believe our pan-sharpening approach can be more generally applied to different material classes to enable deeper understanding of that structure-property relationship at the nanoscale.
Aspirin impairs acetyl-coenzyme A metabolism in redox-compromised yeast cells
Authors: Farrugia Gianluca , Azzopardi Maria , Saliba Christian , Grech Godfrey , Gross Angelina S. , Pistolic Jelena , Benes Vladimir , Vassallo Neville , Borg Joseph , Madeo Frank , Eisenberg Tobias , Balzan Rena 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAspirin is a widely used anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drug also known in recent years for its promising chemopreventive antineoplastic properties, thought to be mediated in part by its ability to induce apoptotic cell death. However, the full range of mechanisms underlying aspirin’s cancer-preventive properties is still elusive. In this study, we observed that aspirin impaired both the synthesis and transport of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) into the mitochondria of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae EG110 yeast cells, but not of the wild-type cells, grown aerobically in ethanol medium. This occurred at both the gene level, as indicated by microarray and qRT-PCR analyses, and at the protein level as indicated by enzyme assays. These results show that in redox-compromised MnSOD-deficient yeast cells, but not in wild-type cells, aspirin starves the mitochondria of acetyl-CoA and likely causes energy failure linked to mitochondrial damage, resulting in cell death. Since acetyl-CoA is one of the least-studied targets of aspirin in terms of the latter’s propensity to prevent cancer, this work may provide further mechanistic insight into aspirin’s chemopreventive behavior with respect to early stage cancer cells, which tend to have downregulated MnSOD and are also redox-compromised.
eBrain: a Three Dimensional Simulation Tool to Study Drug Delivery in the Brain
Authors: Setty Yaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are severe disorders with acute symptoms that gradually progress. In the course of developing disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disorders there is a need to develop novel strategies to increase efficacy of drugs and accelerate the development process. We developed a tool for simulating drug delivery in the brain by translating MRI data into an interactive 3D model. This tool, the eBrain, superimposes simulated drug diffusion and tissue uptake by inferring from the MRI data with a seamless display from any angle, magnification, or position. We discuss a representative implementation of eBrain that is inspired by clinical data in which insulin is intranasally administered to Alzheimer patients. Using extensive analysis of multiple eBrain simulations with varying parameters, we show the potential for eBrain to determine the optimal dosage to ensure drug delivery without overdosing the tissue. Specifically, we examined the efficacy of combined drug doses and potential compounds for tissue stimulation. Interestingly, our analysis uncovered that the drug efficacy is inferred from tissue intensity levels. Finally, we discuss the potential of eBrain and possible applications of eBrain to aid both inexperienced and experienced medical professionals as well as patients.