bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Assessment of Flood Hazard due to Levee Breaches Using Fragility Functions
Authors: D'Oria M. , Maranzoni A. , Mazzoleni M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFlood hazard maps are useful tools for land planning and flood risk management in order to increase the safety of flood‐prone areas that can be inundated in the event of levee failure. However, flood hazard assessment is affected by various uncertainties, both aleatory and epistemic. The flood hazard analysis should hence take into account the main sources of uncertainty and quantify the confidence of the results for a given design flood event. To this end, this paper presents a probabilistic method for flood hazard mapping, which considers uncertainty due to breach location and failure time. A reliability analysis of the discretized levee system, performed using the concept of fragility function, enables the preselection of a set of levee sections more susceptible to failure. The probabilities of the breach scenarios (characterized by different breach locations and times) are then calculated using the probability multiplication rule, neglecting multiple breaches. The method is applied to a 96‐km levee‐protected reach in the central portion of the Po River (Northern Italy) and to an adjacent 1,900‐km2 flood‐prone area on the right‐hand side of the river, with a focus on the piping breach mechanism. The numerical simulations are performed through a combined 1D‐2D hydrodynamic model using widespread free software. The results show that the method is effective for probabilistic inundation and flood hazard mapping. In addition, it has the advantage of requiring a smaller computational effort in comparison with the methods based on a classic Monte Carlo procedure.
Tracking Multidecadal Lake Water Dynamics with Landsat Imagery and Topography/Bathymetry
Authors: Weekley David , Li Xingong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWater resource management is of critical importance due to its close relationship with nearly every industry, field, and lifeform on this planet. The success of future water management will rely upon having detailed data of current and historic water dynamics. This research leverages Google Earth Engine and uses Landsat 5 imagery in conjunction with bathymetry and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model data to analyze long‐term lake dynamics (water surface elevation, surface area, volume, volume change, and frequency) for Lake McConaughy in Nebraska, USA. Water surface elevation was estimated by extracting elevation values from underlying bathymetry and digital elevations models using 5,994 different combinations of water indices, water boundaries, and statistics for 100 time periods spanning 1985–2009. Surface elevation calculations were as accurate as 0.768 m root mean square error (CI95% [0.657, 0.885]). Water volume change calculations found a maximum change of 1.568 km3 and a minimum total volume of only 23.97% of the maximum reservoir volume. Seasonal and long‐term trends were identified, which have major affects regarding regional agriculture, local recreation, and lake water quality. This research fills an existing gap in optical remote sensing‐based monitoring of lakes and reservoirs, is more robust and outperforms other commonly used monitoring techniques, increases the number of water bodies available for long‐term studies, introduces a scalable framework deployable within Google Earth Engine, and enables data collection of both gauged and ungauged water bodies, which will substantially increase our knowledge and understanding of these critical ecosystems.
Conditional crude probabilities of death for English cancer patients
Authors: Wong Kwok F. , Lambert Paul C. , Mozumder Sarwar I. , Broggio John , Rutherford Mark J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Cancer survival statistics are typically reported by using measures discounting the impact of other-cause mortality, such as net survival. This is a hypothetical measure and is interpreted as excluding the possibility of cancer patients dying from other causes. Crude probability of death partitions the all-cause probability of death into deaths from cancer and other causes.

Methods
The National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service is the single cancer registry for England. In 2006–2015, 1,590,477 malignant tumours were diagnosed for breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma and prostate cancer in adults. We used a relative survival framework, with a period approach, providing estimates for up to 10-year survival. Mortality was partitioned into deaths due to cancer or other causes. Unconditional and conditional (on surviving 1-years and 5-years) crude probability of death were estimated for the five cancers.

Results
Elderly patients who survived for a longer period before dying were more likely to die from other causes of death (except for lung cancer). For younger patients, deaths were almost entirely due to the cancer.

Conclusion
There are different measures of survival, each with their own strengths and limitations. Careful choices of survival measures are needed for specific scenarios to maximise the understanding of the data.
Pim1 kinase positively regulates myoblast behaviors and skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Liu Yuantong , Shang Yue , Yan Zihan , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Liu Zhen , Li Zhenzhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdult skeletal muscle regeneration after injury depends on normal myoblast function. However, the intrinsic mechanisms for the control of myoblast behaviors are not well defined. Herein, we identified Pim1 kinase as a novel positive regulator of myoblast behaviors in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of Pim1 significantly restrains the proliferation and accelerates the apoptosis of myoblasts in vitro, indicating that Pim1 is critical for myoblast survival and amplification. Meanwhile, we found that Pim1 kinase is increased and translocated from cytoplasm into nucleus during myogenic differentiation. By using Pim1 kinase inhibitor, we proved that inhibition of Pim1 activity prevents myoblast differentiation and fusion, suggesting the necessity of Pim1 kinase activity for proper myogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Pim1 kinase interacts with myogenic regulator MyoD and controls its transcriptional activity, inducing the expression of muscle-specific genes, which consequently promotes myogenic differentiation. Additionally, in skeletal muscle injury mouse model, deletion of Pim1 hinders the regeneration of muscle fibers and the recovery of muscle strength. Taken together, our study provides a potential target for the manipulation of myoblast behaviors in vitro and the myoblast-based therapeutics of skeletal muscle injury.
Artificial tethering of LC3 or p62 to organelles is not sufficient to trigger autophagy
Authors: Loos Friedemann , Xie Wei , Sica Valentina , Bravo-San Pedro José Manuel , Souquère Sylvie , Pierron Gérard , Lachkar Sylvie , Sauvat Allan , Petrazzuolo Adriana , Jimenez Ana Joaquina , Perez Franck , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system allows to retain a target protein fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) due to the interaction with a molar excess of streptavidin molecules (“hooks”) targeted to selected subcellular compartments. Supplementation of biotin competitively disrupts the interaction between the SBP moiety and streptavidin, liberating the chimeric target protein from its hooks, while addition of avidin causes the removal of biotin from the system and reestablishes the interaction. Based on this principle, we engineered two chimeric proteins involved in autophagy, namely microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B, best known as LC3) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, best known as p62) to move them as SBP–GFP–LC3 and p62–SBP–GFP at will between the cytosol and two different organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. Although both proteins were functional in thus far that SBP–GFP–LC3 and p62–SBP–GFP could recruit their endogenous binding partners, p62 and LC3, respectively, their enforced relocation to the ER or Golgi failed to induce organelle-specific autophagy. Hence, artificial tethering of LC3 or p62 to the surface of the ER and the Golgi is not sufficient to trigger autophagy.
Detection of spacer precursors formed in vivo during primed CRISPR adaptation
Authors: Shiriaeva Anna A. , Savitskaya Ekaterina , Datsenko Kirill A. , Vvedenskaya Irina O. , Fedorova Iana , Morozova Natalia , Metlitskaya Anastasia , Sabantsev Anton , Nickels Bryce E. , Severinov Konstantin , Semenova Ekaterina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractType I CRISPR-Cas loci provide prokaryotes with a nucleic-acid-based adaptive immunity against foreign DNA. Immunity involves adaptation, the integration of ~30-bp DNA fragments, termed prespacers, into the CRISPR array as spacers, and interference, the targeted degradation of DNA containing a protospacer. Interference-driven DNA degradation can be coupled with primed adaptation, in which spacers are acquired from DNA surrounding the targeted protospacer. Here we develop a method for strand-specific, high-throughput sequencing of DNA fragments, FragSeq, and apply this method to identify DNA fragments accumulated in Escherichia coli cells undergoing robust primed adaptation by a type I-E or type I-F CRISPR-Cas system. The detected fragments have sequences matching spacers acquired during primed adaptation and function as spacer precursors when introduced exogenously into cells by transformation. The identified prespacers contain a characteristic asymmetrical structure that we propose is a key determinant of integration into the CRISPR array in an orientation that confers immunity.
Cathode porosity is a missing key parameter to optimize lithium-sulfur battery energy density
Authors: Kang Ning , Lin Yuxiao , Yang Li , Lu Dongping , Xiao Jie , Qi Yue , Cai Mei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile high sulfur loading has been pursued as a key parameter to build realistic high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, less attention has been paid to the cathode porosity, which is much higher in sulfur/carbon composite cathodes than in traditional lithium-ion battery electrodes. For high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, a dense electrode with low porosity is desired to minimize electrolyte intake, parasitic weight, and cost. Here we report the profound impact on the discharge polarization, reversible capacity, and cell cycling life of lithium-sulfur batteries by decreasing cathode porosities from 70 to 40%. According to the developed mechanism-based analytical model, we demonstrate that sulfur utilization is limited by the solubility of lithium-polysulfides and further conversion from lithium-polysulfides to Li2S is limited by the electronically accessible surface area of the carbon matrix. Finally, we predict an optimized cathode porosity to maximize the cell level volumetric energy density without sacrificing the sulfur utilization.
Marine nitrogen fixers mediate a low latitude pathway for atmospheric CO2 drawdown
Authors: Buchanan Pearse J. , Chase Zanna , Matear Richard J. , Phipps Steven J. , Bindoff Nathaniel L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRoughly a third (~30 ppm) of the carbon dioxide (CO2) that entered the ocean during ice ages is attributed to biological mechanisms. A leading hypothesis for the biological drawdown of CO2 is iron (Fe) fertilisation of the high latitudes, but modelling efforts attribute at most 10 ppm to this mechanism, leaving ~20 ppm unexplained. We show that an Fe-induced stimulation of dinitrogen (N2) fixation can induce a low latitude drawdown of 7–16 ppm CO2. This mechanism involves a closer coupling between N2 fixers and denitrifiers that alleviates widespread nitrate limitation. Consequently, phosphate utilisation and carbon export increase near upwelling zones, causing deoxygenation and deeper carbon injection. Furthermore, this low latitude mechanism reproduces the regional patterns of organic δ15N deposited in glacial sediments. The positive response of marine N2 fixation to dusty ice age conditions, first proposed twenty years ago, therefore compliments high latitude changes to amplify CO2 drawdown.
BRG1 attenuates colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis through autophagy-dependent oxidative stress sequestration
Authors: Liu Min , Sun Tongyu , Li Ni , Peng Junjie , Fu Da , Li Wei , Li Li , Gao Wei-Qiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutophagy is a central component of integrated stress responses that influences many inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). While the core machinery is known, the molecular basis of the epigenetic regulation of autophagy and its role in colon inflammation remain largely undefined. Here, we report that BRG1, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is required for the homeostatic maintenance of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to prevent the inflammation and tumorigenesis. BRG1 emerges as a key regulator that directly governs the transcription of Atg16l1, Ambra1, Atg7 and Wipi2, which are important for autophagosome biogenesis. Defective autophagy in BRG1-deficient IECs results in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to the defects in barrier integrity. Together, our results establish that BRG1 may represent an autophagy checkpoint that is pathogenetically linked to colitis and is therefore likely a potential therapeutic target for disease intervention.
Non-reciprocal robotic metamaterials
Authors: Brandenbourger Martin , Locsin Xander , Lerner Edan , Coulais Corentin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon-reciprocal transmission of motion is potentially highly beneficial to a wide range of applications, ranging from wave guiding to shock and vibration damping and energy harvesting. To date, large levels of non-reciprocity have been realized using broken spatial or temporal symmetries, yet mostly in the vicinity of resonances, bandgaps or using nonlinearities, thereby non-reciprocal transmission remains limited to narrow ranges of frequencies or input magnitudes and sensitive to attenuation. Here, we create a robotic mechanical metamaterials wherein we use local control loops to break reciprocity at the level of the interactions between the unit cells. We show theoretically and experimentally that first-of-their-kind spatially asymmetric standing waves at all frequencies and unidirectionally amplified propagating waves emerge. These findings realize the mechanical analogue of the non-Hermitian skin effect. They significantly advance the field of active metamaterials for non hermitian physics and open avenues to channel mechanical energy in unprecedented ways.
Reduced body sizes in climate-impacted Borneo moth assemblages are primarily explained by range shifts
Authors: Wu Chung-Huey , Holloway Jeremy D. , Hill Jane K. , Thomas Chris D. , Chen I-Ching , Ho Chuan-Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBoth community composition changes due to species redistribution and within-species size shifts may alter body-size structures under climate warming. Here we assess the relative contribution of these processes in community-level body-size changes in tropical moth assemblages that moved uphill during a period of warming. Based on resurvey data for seven assemblages of geometrid moths (>8000 individuals) on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, in 1965 and 2007, we show significant wing-length reduction (mean shrinkage of 1.3% per species). Range shifts explain most size restructuring, due to uphill shifts of relatively small species, especially at high elevations. Overall, mean forewing length shrank by ca. 5%, much of which is accounted for by species range boundary shifts (3.9%), followed by within-boundary distribution changes (0.5%), and within-species size shrinkage (0.6%). We conclude that the effects of range shifting predominate, but considering species physiological responses is also important for understanding community size reorganization under climate warming.
Consumption of betel quid contributes to sensorineural hearing impairment through arecoline-induced oxidative stress
Authors: Chan Yen-Hui , Liu Tien-Chen , Liao Chun-Kang , Cheng Yen-Fu , Tsai Ching-Hui , Lu Ying-Chang , Hu Chin-Ju , Lin Hung-Ju , Lee Yungling Leo , Wu Chen-Chi , Hsu Chuan-Jen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBetel quid is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances, and is consumed by approximately 10% of the world’s population. In addition to its carcinogenicity, betel quid has also been reported to affect many organs, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive organs. As betel quid contains several neurotoxic ingredients, we hypothesize that it also possesses ototoxicity and may lead to sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI). In this study, we investigated the contribution of betel quid consumption to SNHI in a large clinical cohort, and validated the pathogenetic mechanisms inex vivotissue explants. We enrolled a total of 2364 volunteers, and determined their audiologic results based on Z-scores converted from their original frequency-specific hearing thresholds. Using generalized linear regression, we identified a positive correlation between betel quid consumption and the Z-scores across different frequencies. Subsequently, we explored the toxicity of arecoline, the main neuroactive component of betel quid, on tissue explants from murine cochleae. Arecoline reduced cell activity in the explant cultures and induced apoptosis in the hair cells, probably through the effects of oxidative stress. These findings have expanded the potential hazards of betel quid to common neurological disorders, and provide insights into preventive strategies against SNHI caused by neurotoxic substances.
Volcanic history in the Smythii basin based on SELENE radar observation
Authors: Ishiyama Ken , Kumamoto Atsushi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElucidation of the subsurface structure in the Smythii basin on the moon is important for understanding lunar volcanic history. Two lava units (Units 1 and 2) cover this basin. The spatial subsurface structure below Unit 2 is unknown. We used SELENE/Lunar Radar Sounder data to identify four subsurface boundaries at 130, 190, 300, and 420 m depths. The radar is reflected at the paleo-regolith layer sandwiched among lava flows, which is supported by a simple radar reflection/transmission model. The spatial distribution of subsurface boundaries demonstrates the deposition of Unit 2 on the subsidence in Unit 1. A simple loading model explained the maximum depth of subsidence (~500 m) and indicated that lithospheric thickness in the Smythii basin was ~24 km at 3.95 Gya. The estimated growth rate of the lithosphere was ~60 km/Ga during 3.95 to 3.07 Gya. After the formation of the Smythii basin at ~4.11 Gya, Unit 1 and Unit 2 deposited with eruption rates of ~8.4 × 10−4 km3/yr by 3.95 Gya and ~7.5 × 10−6 km3/yr by 3.07 Gya respectively. The timing of decline in volcanic activity in the Smythii basin differs from that for the lunar nearside maria, indicating the diversity of volcanism in various lunar areas.
Tunable Magnetism of Organometallic Nanoclusters by Graphene Oxide On-Surface Chemistry
Authors: Sakurai Makoto , Koley Pradyot , Aono Masakazu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAssembly of interacting molecular spins is an attractive candidate for spintronic and quantum computing devices. Here, we report on-surface chemical assembly of aminoferrocene molecules on a graphene oxide (GO) sheet and their magnetic properties. On the GO surface, organometallic molecules having individual spins through charge transfer between the molecule and the sheet are arranged in nanoclusters having diameters of about 2 nm. The synthetic fine tuning of the reaction time enables to change the interspacing between the nanoclusters, keeping their size intact. Their magnetism changes from paramagnetic behavior to collective one gradually as the interspacing decreases. The creation of collective nature among weakly interacting molecular spins through their nanoscale arrangement on the GO surface opens a new avenue to molecular magnetism.
Galectin-3 orchestrates the histology of mesentery and protects liver during lupus-like syndrome induced by pristane
Authors: Lemos F. S. , Pereira J. X. , Carvalho V. F. , Bernardes E. S. , Chammas R. , Pereira T. M. , Carvalho R. S. , Luisetto R. , El-Cheikh M. C. , Calil-Elias S. , Oliveira F. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGalectin-3 (Gal-3) controls intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions during immunological responses. In chronic inflammation, Gal-3 is associated with fibrotic events, regulates B cell differentiation and delays lupus progression. Gal-3 deficient mice (Lgals3−/−) have intense germinal center formation and atypical plasma cell generation correlated to high levels IgG, IgE, and IgA. Here, we used pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) to induce lupus-like syndrome in Lgals3−/− and Lgals3+/+ BALB/c mice. Mesentery and peritoneal cells were monitored because promptly react to pristane injected in the peritoneal cavity. For the first time, mesenteric tissues have been associated to the pathogenesis of experimental lupus-like syndrome. In Lgals3+/+ pristane-induced mice, mesentery was hallmarked by intense fibrogranulomatous reaction restricted to submesothelial regions and organized niches containing macrophages and B lymphocytes and plasma cells. In contrast, Lgals3−/− pristane-treated mice had diffuse mesenteric fibrosis affecting submesothelium and peripheral tissues, atypical M1/M2 macrophage polarization and significant DLL1+ cells expansion, suggesting possible involvement of Notch/Delta pathways in the disease. Early inflammatory reaction to pristane was characterized by significant disturbances on monocyte recruitment, macrophage differentiation and dendritic cell (DC) responses in the peritoneal cavity of pristane-induced Lgals3−/− mice. A correlative analysis showed that mesenteric damages in the absence of Gal-3 were directly associated with severe portal inflammation and hepatitis. In conclusion, it has suggested that Gal-3 orchestrates histological organization in the mesentery and prevents lupoid hepatitis in experimental lupus-like syndrome by controlling macrophage polarization, Notch signaling pathways and DC differentiation in mesenteric structures.