bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPRAISAL DEVICES REALIZING ATTITUDES IN BARACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL SPEECH
Authors: Rohmawati Ida 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze Obama’s Attitudes towards phenomenon happened in America and the world realized in the speech using the Appraisal System Analysis. The speech analysis was done by breaking down the speech into several clauses and analyzing them to find out the Appraisal Devices and the types of Attitudes used. Analyzing the data, it could be inferred that the speech employed three kinds of Attitudes; Affect, Judgement, Appreciation. There were 323 clauses consist of 51 Af- fects, 155 Judgements, and 117 Appreciations. Positive Attitudes in the speech were used more than Negative Attitudes. Obama gave priorities to Positive Attitudes in presenting his speech because he was optimistic that the obstacles in his country would be solved and the condition of America would be better. The study revealed that Obama was a good orator with high capability and wonderful way of thinking.
Assessment of distributed hydrological model performance for simulation of multi-heavy-metal transport in Harrach River, Algeria
Authors: Bouragba Saadia , Komai Katsuaki , Nakayama Keisuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the performance of a distributed hydrological model for simulating the transport of various heavy metals in rivers, to enhance and support environmental monitoring strategies for rivers in developing countries. In this context, we evaluated the performance of the Geophysical flow Circulation (GeoCIRC) model based on Object-Oriented Design (OOD) for the simulation of contamination from multiple heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) in Harrach River in Algeria. The results of the case study were in good agreement with the observations. Methodology for the assessment of data quality control and the improvement of monitoring procedures was proposed by using the hydrological model to simulate different scenarios. The GeoCIRC-model-based OOD allowed the prediction of the concentrations of heavy metals with minimal input data. Also, various heavy metals could be numerically treated simultaneously because the OOD increases the model's flexibility to allow the handling of many transportable materials. Therefore, the GeoCIRC model is a powerful tool for the monitoring of environmental contamination in rivers by various heavy metals.
Is there a Relationship Between Vitamin D and Endometriosis? An Overview of the Literature
Authors: Giampaolino Pierluigi , Corte Luigi D. , Foreste Virginia , Bifulco Giuseppe 
Published: July 2019

Background:Vitamin D is involved in the physiological functions of several tissues, however, its deficiency may contribute to the development of various disorders. Recent research has been focusing on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of endometriosis based on the evidence of the presence of vitamin D receptor and the enzymes required for vitamin D synthesis in the ectopic endometrium. Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations, is considered an estrogen-dependent disease and Vitamin D seems to have a role in modulation of the inflammatory state and proliferation of endometriotic cells.Objective:This study aimed to review the available literature regarding the relationship between vitamin D and endometriosis as well as the effects of vitamin D supplementation.Methods:A search on PubMed database has been performed.Results:The relationship between endometriosis and Vitamin D has been analyzed through the evaluation of vitamin D serum level, the polymorphism of vitamin D receptor and the role of vitamin D-binding protein in patient with endometriosis. The possible role of Vitamin D in the endometriosis therapy has also been investigated, in particular, the effect of vitamin D on pain relief, on endometriotic lesion in vitro and in rat models and in addition to a future target immunotherapy.Conclusion:Although promising, the data analyzed are not sufficient to evidence a cause-effect relationship between VD status and endometriosis, therefore further studies are needed in order to better clarify the association between vitamin D and endometriosis, especially in the context of the possibility of new treatment options.
Plant Phenolics and Lectins as Vaccine Adjuvants
Authors: Reyna-Margarita Hernández-Ramos , Irais Castillo-Maldonado , Mario-Alberto Rivera-Guillén , Agustina Ramírez-Moreno , Luis-Benjamín Serrano-Gallardo , David Pedroza-Escobar 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The immune system is responsible for providing protection to the body
against foreign substances. The immune system divides into two types of immune responses to study
its mechanisms of protection: 1) Innate and 2) Adaptive. The innate immune response represents the
first protective barrier of the organism that also works as a regulator of the adaptive immune response,
if evaded the mechanisms of the innate immune response by the foreign substance the adaptive immune
response takes action with the consequent antigen neutralization or elimination. The adaptive
immune response objective is developing a specific humoral response that consists in the production of
soluble proteins known as antibodies capable of specifically recognizing the foreign agent; such protective
mechanism is induced artificially through an immunization or vaccination. Unfortunately, the
immunogenicity of the antigens is an intrinsic characteristic of the same antigen dependent on several
factors.

Conclusion:
Vaccine adjuvants are chemical substances of very varied structure that seek to improve
the immunogenicity of antigens. The main four types of adjuvants under investigation are the following:
1) Oil emulsions with an antigen in solution, 2) Pattern recognition receptors activating molecules,
3) Inflammatory stimulatory molecules or activators of the inflammasome complex, and 4) Cytokines.
However, this paper addresses the biological plausibility of two phytochemical compounds as vaccine
adjuvants: 5) Lectins, and 6) Plant phenolics whose characteristics, mechanisms of action and disadvantages
are addressed. Finally, the immunological usefulness of these molecules is discussed through
immunological data to estimate effects of plant phenolics and lectins as vaccine adjuvants, and current
studies that have implanted these molecules as vaccine adjuvants, demonstrating the results of this
immunization.
Insights into Biophysical Methods to Study Interactions Between HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Dumond Julien , Tronchet Jean-Marcel Julien , Kirkiacharian Serge , Seman Michel , Reboud-Ravaux Michèle 
Published: July 2019

Background:Reverse Transcriptase (RT) of immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) remains an essential target for new antiretroviral therapies. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (or NNRTIs) constitute a major class of RT inhibitors whose characterization is essential.Introduction:Several biochemical, biological, and biophysical methods have been previously used to analyze the biological effects of NNRTIs. We explored here the use of surface plasmonic resonance to characterize the affinity of RT towards selected NNRTIs and compared the results with those obtained with in vitro and in cellulo assays.Methods:The solubility and stability in buffers of the tested NNRTIs were assessed by spectrophotometry and fluorescence. Surface plasmonic resonance experiments to study direct NNRTIs binding to immobilized RT and intramolecular quenching of RT tryptophan fluorescence were used to determine the KA association constants (= 1/KD) between RT and the inhibitors. The in vitro inhibition constants of RT were determined using kinetics and the effects on three other potential targets (proteasome, HIV-1 integrase, and HIV-1 protease) were analyzed.Results:The results obtained with two typical molecules belonging to our previous N-hydroxyureido acylnucleoside derivatives series using the above biophysical assays matched those obtained in in vitro and previous in cellulo assays.Conclusion:Surface plasmonic resonance provides reliable thermodynamic information on the interaction of RT with NNRTIs and appears as a useful method for understanding their inhibitory mechanism.
The Association Between Knee Osteoarthritis and HLA-DRB1*0101 in the East of Iran
Authors: Kooshkaki Omid , Atabati Elham , Shayesteh Majid , Salmani Fatemeh , Sarab Gholamreza A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful social problem, which breaks down the articular
cartilage, causes the failure of synovial joints and subchondral bone sclerosis. OA etiology is
not completely understood, but joint trauma, infection, obesity, and diseases are the most important
risk factors for OA developing. Recent studies suggested inflammatory factors and genetic components
can be involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Experimental evidences suggest a linkage between
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genetic diversity and OA. But a few studies have been
conducted in this subject.

Objective:
To investigate the association between HLA-DRB1*0101 and OA in Iranian patients.

Methods:
Thirty patients with knee osteoarthritis and 30 healthy people as the control group were
included in the study. Sex, weight, age, Body mass index (BMI) and height of all participants were
recorded. HLA-DRB1*0101 was typed by PCR using the sequence-specific primer.

Results:
Our results showed 80% of knee osteoarthritis patients were positively HLA-DRB1*0101
(n=24), while only 26.7% of controls were positive (n=8) (P= 0.015).

Conclusion:
These findings proposed that there is a significant association between HLADRB1*
0101 and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis.
The Utility of Radiographic Focal Erosions of Hands or Feet in Predicting DXA-defined Osteoporosis of the Hip in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Elshahaly Mohsen H. , Gad Khaled A. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction:
Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients
and can result in estimated double risk of pathological fractures. Bone Mineral Density
(BMD) is known to decrease with RA because of mechanisms incorporating traditional as well as
disease-specific causes. With the advent of newer disease-modifying antirheumatic agents and bone
protection medications, it is becoming important to identify those individuals who are at increased
risk of developing osteoporosis among RA patients.

Aim:
In the current study, we aim to evaluate a multitude of factors including focal erosions on radiographs
of hands or feet that can predict osteoporosis in RA patients.

Methods:
After obtaining IRB approval, 26 patients (20 females & 6 males) with a median age of
62 years (95% CI: 57.4 - 66.0) were retrospectively identified from a Rheumatology clinic database
with an established diagnosis of RA but not taking osteoporosis medications. A detailed assessment
was accomplished including evaluating a number of disease-specific variables, hands/feet radiographs
and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA).

Results:
The total hip BMD was lower in RA patients with radiographic erosions (0.862 g/cm2 ±
0.17) compared to those patients without erosions (1.011 g/cm2 ± 0.13). On univariate logistic regression,
the presence of radiographic erosions predicted osteoporosis of the hip (p = 0.04). ROC
curve demonstrated satisfactory performance of erosions in predicting WHO-defined osteoporosis
or osteopenia at the hip (AUC = 0.732).

Conclusion:
RA patients who show radiographic erosions are more likely to develop hip osteoporosis
that may require further intervention.
Analysis of Abdominal Computed Tomography Images for Automatic Liver Cancer Diagnosis Using Image Processing Algorithm
Authors: Khan Ayesha Adil , Narejo Ghous Bakhsh 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The application of image processing algorithms for medical image analysis
has been found effectual in the past years. Imaging techniques provide assistance to the radiologists
and physicians for the diagnosis of abnormalities in different organs.

Objective:
The proposed algorithm is designed for automatic computer-aided diagnosis of liver
cancer from low contrast CT images. The idea expressed in this article is to classify the malignancy
of the liver tumor ahead of liver segmentation and to locate HCC burden on the liver.

Methods:
A novel Fuzzy Linguistic Constant (FLC) is designed for image enhancement. To classify
the enhanced liver image as cancerous or non-cancerous, fuzzy membership function is applied.
The extracted features are assessed for malignancy and benignancy using the structural similarity
index. The malignant CT image is further processed for automatic tumor segmentation and grading
by applying morphological image processing techniques.

Results:
The validity of the concept is verified on a dataset of 179 clinical cases which consist of
98 benign and 81 malignant liver tumors. Classification accuracy of 98.3% is achieved by Support
Vector Machine (SVM). The proposed method has the ability to automatically segment the tumor
with an improved detection rate of 78% and a precision value of 0.6.

Conclusion:
The algorithm design offers an efficient tool to the radiologist in classifying the malignant
cases from benign cases. The CAD system allows automatic segmentation of tumor and locates
tumor burden on the liver. The methodology adopted can aid medical practitioners in tumor
diagnosis and surgery planning.
Voltammetry Determination of Cefotaxime on Zinc Oxide Nanorod Modified Electrode
Authors: Vasantharaghavan Vanitha , Cingaram Ravichandran 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) was modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles
to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of the redox behavior of cefotaxime ion. ATOMIC Force
Microscopy (AFM) photographic studies showed the nanorod like structure of the zinc oxide, which
was coated uniformly on the electrode surface.

Methods:
The zinc oxide nanorod modified electrode was used as novel voltammetric determination of
cefotaxime. The results of voltammetric behavior are satisfactory in the electro oxidation of cefotaxime,
and exhibit considerable improvement compared to glassy carbon electrode.

Results:
Under the optimized experimental conditions, the ZnO nanorod modified electrode exhibit
better linear dynamic range from 300 ppb to 700 ppb with lower limit of detection 200 ppb for the
stripping voltammetric determination of cefotaxime.

Conclusion:
The pharmaceutical and clinical formulation of cefotaxime was successfully applied for
accurate determination of trace amounts on ZnO nanomateials modified electrode.
Oleic Acid Vesicles for Transdermal Delivery of Propranolol Hydrochloride: Development and Characterization
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Utreja Puneet 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Pharmaceutical scientists are exploring transdermal route for treatment of various systemic diseases nowadays. Transdermal nanocarrier systems show various advantages like bioavailability enhancement of drugs, avoidance of first pass hepatic metabolism, and reduction of dosing frequency of bioactive therapeutic molecules.

Objective:
The objective of the present research work was to encapsulate Propranolol hydrochloride into oleic acid vesicles and carry out in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of oleic acid vesicular gel containing Propranolol hydrochloride.

Method:
Propranol hydrochloride loaded oleic acid vesicles were prepared by exploring thin film hydration method. Developed vesicles were evaluated for morphology, size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI). Thermal behavior of drug loaded vesicles was checked using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and depth of skin penetration was determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Oleic acid vesicles dispersed in Carbopol 934R gel were subjected to in-vivo evaluation in male Sprague Dawley rats through measurement of plasma concentration and tissue distribution of Propranolol hydrochloride.

Results:
Optimized formulation having oleic acid : Propranol hydrochloride in the ratio 7 : 3 showed highest entrapment (56.1 ± 0.7%), acceptable size (291.3 ± 2.2 nm), the optimum value of PDI (0.219 ± 0.043) and zeta potential (-27.13 ± 0.25 mV). The results of DSC analysis showed effective encapsulation of drug inside the vesicles and CLSM analysis revealed penetration of vesicles upto stratum spinosum layer of skin. The results of in-vivo study revealed capability of vesicular gel to prolong the release of Propranolol hydrochloride upto 24 h with a Cmax value of 83.6 ± 3.0 ng/mL which was higher compared to the marketed tablet of Propranolol hydrochloride [InderalR (40 mg), Abbott India Ltd.] (45.6 ± 3.1 ng/mL). Tissue distribution studies revealed higher percentage of Propranolol hydrochloride in various organs after 24 h of administration of vesicular gel compared to marketed tablet.

Conclusion:
Developed oleic acid vesicular gel could be effective to reduce dosing frequency and avoid side effects of oral Propranol hydrochloride.
A Custom-Designed Recombinant Multiepitope Protein for Human Cytomegalovirus Diagnosis
Authors: Ribeiro Patrícia A.F. , Souza Marilen Q. , Dias Daniel S. , Álvares Alice C. M. , Nogueira Laís M. , Machado Juliana M. , dos Santos José C. , Godoi Renato R. , Nobrega Yanna K.M. , Campos-da-Paz Mariana , de Freitas Sonia M. , Felipe Maria S.S. , Torres Fernando A.G. , Galdino Alexsandro S. 
Published: July 2019

Background:The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has infected more than 90% of the world population and its prevalence can be related to the individuals geographical and socialeconomic status. Serological tests based on ELISA are pivotal for HCMV diagnosis. Due to the lack of standardization in the production/purification of antigens from viral preparations, ELISA tests are based on several recombinant proteins or peptides. As an alternative, multiepitope proteins may be employed.Objective:In this work, we developed a recombinant multiepitope protein (rMEHCMV) for HCMV diagnosis based on conserved and immunodominant epitopes derived from tegument (pp150, pp65 and pp28), glycoprotein gB (pp38) and DNA polymerase subunit (pp52) of HCMV.Methods:The rMEHCMV gene was synthesized de novo and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity using a Ni-NTA column. Biophysical analysis of recombinant protein was performed by circular dichroism. A preliminary biological activity test was performed using 12 positive human sera samples by using an in-house IgG ELISA. The following patents database were consulted: Espacenet, Google Patents and the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI, Brazil).Results:The recombinant multiepitope protein was successfully expressed in E. coli. The structural data obtained by circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that rMEHCMV is structurally disordered. An in-house IgG ELISA test with rMEHCMV was successfully used to recognized IgG from human serum samples.Conclusion:Together, our results show that rMEHCMV should be considered as a potential antigenic target for HCMV diagnosis.
Improved Domino Logic Circuits and its Application in Wide Fan-In OR Gates
Authors: Bansal Deepika , Nagar Bal Chand , Singh Brahamdeo Prasad , Kumar Ajay 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Main concern in efficient VLSI circuit designing is low-power consumption,
high-speed and noise tolerance capability.

Objective:
In this paper, two efficient and high-performance topologies are proposed for cascaded
domino logic using carbon nanotube MOSFETs (CN-MOSFETs). The first topology is designed to
remove the intermediate charge sharing problem without any keeper circuit, whereas the second one
holds the true logic level of the evaluation phase without any voltage drop for next precharge phase.
The proposed topologies are suitable for cascading of the high-performance domino circuits.

Methods:
The proposed domino circuits are tested and verified using Synopsys HSPICE simulator
with 32nm CN-MOSFET technology provided by Stanford University.

Conclusion:
The power delay product of proposed DL-I and DL-II improves by 32.59 % and 40.98 %
for 8-input OR gate as compared to standard logic respectively at the clock frequency of 500 MHz.
The simulation results validate that the proposed circuits improve the performance of pseudo domino
logic with respect to leakage power consumption, delay and unity noise gain.
Emerging Marine Immunomodulatory Small-molecules (2010- Present)
Authors: Li Ran , Gu Yu-Cheng , Zhang Wen 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Immunomodulation-based therapy has achieved a breakthrough in
the last decade, which stimulates the passion of searching for potential immunomodulatory
substances in recent years.

Objective:
Marine natural products are a unique source of immunomodulatory substances.
This paper summarized the emerging marine natural small-molecules and related synthesized
derivatives with immunomodulatory activities to provide readers an overview of these bioactive
molecules and their potential in immunomodulation therapy.

Conclusion:
An increasing number of immunomodulatory marine small-molecules with diverse
intriguing structure-skeletons were discovered. They may serve as a basis for further
studies of marine natural products for their chemistry, related mechanism of action and structure-
activity relationships.
Novel Carbon-based Solid Acid from Green Pistachio Peel as an Efficient Catalyst for the Chemoselective Acylation, Acetalization and Thioacetalization of Aldehydes, Synthesis of Biscoumarins and Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Ghorbani Fatemeh , Pourmousavi Seied Ali , Kiyani Hamzeh 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Much attention has been focused on heterogeneous catalysts. Reactions with
these recoverable and reusable catalysts are clean, selective with high efficiency. Among the heterogeneous
solid acid catalyst in organic synthesis, Carbon-Based Solid Acids (CBSAs), which are important
solid acid with many practical and research applications have been extensively studied. In this
work, green Pistachio peel, a biomass waste, was converted into a novel carbon-based solid acid catalyst
(Pis-SO3H).

Objective:
The aim of this work is to synthesize highly sulfonated carbon as an efficient, recyclable,
nontoxic solid acid catalyst by simultaneous sulfonation, dehydration and carbonization of green Pistachio
peel as biomass and investigate the catalytic activity of Pis-SO3H in acetalization, thioacetalization,
acylation of aldehydes and synthesis of 3,3'-Arylmethylene-bis(4-hydroxycoumarin) derivatives.

Method:
Pis-SO3H was synthesized by an integrated fast one-step hydrothermal carbonization and
sulfonation process in the presence of sulfuric acid. The characterization of the physicochemical properties
of Pis-SO3H was achieved by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and elemental analysis.

Results:
The result of acid-base titration showed that the total acidity of the catalyst was 7.75 mmol
H+g−1. This new heterogeneous catalyst has been efficiently used for the chemoselective thioacetalization,
acetalization and acylation of aldehyde and the synthesis of biscoumarins under solvent-free conditions.
All the reactions work easily in high yields. The antimicrobial activity of some of the biscoumarins
was evaluated in screening by disk diffusion assay for the zone of inhibition.

Conclusion:
The catalytic activity of the Pis-SO3H was investigated during acetalization, thioacetalization,
acylation and synthesis of biscoumarins. The results of protection of carbonyl groups and synthesis
of biscoumarins in the present work offer effective alternatives for environmentally friendly utilization
of abundant biomass waste.